Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Carpets.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Carpets.
We, HEINRICH PANITSCHEK, Director of the Weaving School of Sarajevo,
Bosnia, and JOHANN AHORN, Manager of the said school, and both of Sarajevo
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
The knotted carpets known under the name of Smyrna carpets are coarse,
long-piled carpets with a small number of knots per unit of area (20,000 to
40,000 knots per square metre) and correspondingly rough edges, whilst Persian
carpets are distinguished by fineness, short pile, a large number of knots per unit
of area (up to 500,000 knots per square metre), and ornamentation finished to
the minutest details.
In
Knotted Persian carpets are, like knotted Smyrna carpets, made by hand-
labour by winding the figure or pile threads around, and knotting them to, the
warp-threads by hand in the direction of the weft of the ground fabric.
doing this, either the pile threads are wound around a needle so as to form rows
of pile loops, which are then cut by drawing out the needles, or short pieces of
thread of about 40 millimetres long are employed to produce the tufts or knots
(hereinafter called knots), which obviates the use of needles and the cutting of
the rows of pile loops. After a row has been knotted in the manner described,
the so-called ground pick is inserted, which holds the several pile threads fast
and gives the proper firmness to the carpet.
In
An essential difference between the coarse and long-pile Smyrna carpets and
the fine and short-pile Persian carpets consists in the formation of the knot.
the case of the Smyrna knot, the small piece of wool is wound round the warp
in the following way: the two ends of the piece for forming a knot are passed
through between the pair of knot threads to the surface of the carpet (see Fig. A
of the accompanying drawings), in consequence of which an uneven distribution
of the pile takes place, since the pile of both ends passes to the surface between
two warp threads but no pile passes to the surface between the adjacent warp
threads of two pairs of knot threads. If, now, a carpet with such knots were cut
very short, ribs would be produced, because the pile could not cover the interval
between the separate knots.
It is otherwise in the case of the knot of the fine Persian carpet. In this case, as
shown in Fig. B, an end of the pile passes upwards between each two adjacent
warp threads so that a perfectly uniform distribution of the pild on the surface
of the carpet is produced. Knotted carpets produced in this way, are, of course,
costly, on account of the protracted and troublesome hand labour, and neces-
sitate a considerable expenditure of wool.
Now this invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing fine Pai-
sian carpets in a mechanical manner in perfectly exact imitation of the handwork
and whilst employing the knots characteristic of fine Persian carpets, and for
thereby enabling these fine carpets to be produced considerably moré quickly and

page_text: cheaply. According to this method, any desired pattern can be produced with-
out restriction as to the number of the colours and with less consumption of
wool than in the case of carpets knotted by hand.
The method consists essentially in that the small pieces of thread employed for
producing the knots are drawn, by means of tongs, out of bands in which they
are held in the order of colour corresponding to the design to be produced, and
conducted by the said tongs to a number of pairs of knotting tongs which lay each
piece of thread to be knotted in a curve around one of the threads of the pair
of knot threads and then twist the piece of thread around its warp thread into
the form of a loop, whereupon the second' knot thread located behind the crossed
loop ends, is loosened by the knotting tongs and the Persian knot is thus
completed.
The knotting tongs are 'arranged on a rising and falling carrier by means of
the lowering of which the finished knots are pushed up to the finished goods.
By the repeated operation of the mechanism, which is adjusted at each time
to the succeeding pair of warp threads, all the pairs of warp threads are in like
manner provided with knots, but simultaneously the corner strips also are formed,
for which purpose there are provided a small dobby for forming the shed, and,
at each side of the loom, a figuring shuttle.
A knotting loom, arranged for carrying out the method described, is repre-
sented in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 thereof is a partially sectional right-hand end elevation of the knotting
loom.
Fig. 2 shows, to a larger scale, part of the coupling arrangements represented
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken just behind the right-hand standard of the
knotting loom, certain parts being broken away in order to render visible the
parts behind the same, and some of the parts lying in front of the plane of
section being indicated in broken lines.
Fig. 4 shows in a second position and to a larger scale, certain parts of the
lever arrangements shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 shows a vertical longitudinal section, corresponding to the line AB of
Fig. 1, through the right-hand portion of the loom.
Fig. 6 shows a vertical longitudinal section corresponding to the broken line C
DEF (Fig. 1) through the right-hand portion of the loom; the batten is
omitted in the upper portion for the sake of clearness, and in the lower portion
the parts belonging to the couplings and located in front of the plane of
section (EF) have been drawn in.
Fig. 7 shows in perspective some of the parts shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the right-hand portion of the loom, in which
several parts represented in the previous figures are, for the sake of clearness,
omitted, and the lower part of the knotting loom is drawn in vertical longitudinal
section according to the line G H of Fig. 3.
Figs. 9 and 10 show, to a larger scale and respectively in front elevation and
in vertical cross section, the arrangement serving for the introduction of the
ground picks.
Fig. 11 shows in perspective a portion of the thread-guiding device shown in
Fig. 8.
Fig. 12 shows a horizontal section corresponding to the line I K of Fig. 1, in
which some of the lower coupling parts are omitted for the sake of clearness.
Fig. 13 shows a horizontal section through the loom corresponding to the
line L M N O (Fig. 1), in which all the working parts shown in Fig. 12 are
omitted.
Fig. 14 shows to a larger scale certain parts of the bevel-wheel arrangement
shown in Fig. 13.
.
Fig. 15 is a left-hand end elevation and
© Fig. 16 a front elevation of sufficient of the left-hand portion of the loom

page_text: to show the figuring-shuttle device for producing the corner strips, and also the.
picking arrangement for the device for inserting the ground picks.
Fig. 17 shows to a larger scale the figuring batten together with shuttle in
cross section.
Figs. 18 and 19 show, to a larger scale and respectively in end and in side
elevation, the reversing coupling for the figuring shuttle. Underneath these
two figures the individual parts of the reversing coupling are shown separately.
Fig. 20 shows to a larger scale a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.
Figs. 21 and 22 show, respectively in elevation and in plan and to a larger
scale, the reversing ratchet arrangement that brings about the lateral to-and-fro
movement of the feeding tongs, the knotting tongs and the pattern bands.
Figs. 23 and 24 show, respectively in cross section and in front elevation, the
entire apparatus for feeding the pieces of thread for making the knots.
Fig. 25 shows the upper part of the support with a pair of knotting tongs in
side elevation and partly in section.
Figs. 26 and 27 show the outer part or cylinder of a pair of knotting tongs
in two different side views and partly in longitudinal section.
Fig. 28 shows the inner part or piston of a pair of knotting tongs in longi-
tudinal section.
Figs. 29 to 34 show a pair of feeding tongs, a pair of knotting tongs, and a
pair of knot threads in six different working positions to illustrate the mode of
operation of the loom.
Figs. 35 to 39 are front elevations corresponding to Figs. 29 to 33.
Figs. 40, 41, 42, and 43 show the pair of knotting tongs to a larger scale, in
the working positions shown in Figs. 31, 32, 33, and 34.
Fig. 44 shows a finished knot and
Fig. 45 shows, diagrammatically and otherwise, cross sections through a
finished knotted Persian carpet.
The knotting loom possesses a number of cylindrical pairs of knotting tongs,
which consist of two parts, 1 and 2, which are pushed one into another, and of
which the outer part 1 is a sleeve or cylinder open at the front whilst the inner
part 2 is a piston or plunger (herein called a piston). Both parts ard slotted
in such a manner that the slot is first of all (at 3 or 4) axial, in the further
portion of its course (at 5 or 6) is wound helically through 180°, and finally
(at 7 or 8) is again, as at the beginning, executed axially in the case of the
piston only for a short distance, but in the case of the cylinder for a further
d stance, as clearly shown in Figs. 27 and 28. The piston is enclosed in the
cylinder in such a manner that the former can be shifted axially to and fro,.
but cannot, in relation to the cylinder, be rotated. The cylinder has besides the
described slot (3, 5, 7) also two lateral and diametrically opposite perforations
and 10.
The pairs of knotting tongs so constructed are mounted to rotate in a sup-
All the pinions
port 11, and each cylinder I is provided with a pinion 12.
engage in a common rack 13, which is arranged transversely to the loom, and
by shifting which at the pinions and also the pairs of tongs 1, 2, are rotated
through 180 The backward extensions 14 of the pistons are mounted in a
slide 15, which can he moved backwards and forwards and by the movement of
which all the pistons can be shifted axially in the cylinders, without impeding
the rotation of any entire pair of tongs 1, 2 (cylinder and piston) as a whole.
The support 11 is located, as shown in Figs. 1 and 30, in an ordinary dovetail
guide of the upwardly and downwardly moving carriage 16, and can be moved
to and fro within the said guide laterally or transversely in relation to the loom.
The movement of the rack 13. for the purpose of rotating the pairs of knotting
tongs 1, 2, is effected, in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 13, from
the main shaft 17 by means of the cam 18 (Figs. 1, 3, and 12), the lever 19, the
draw rod 20 the chain 21, the vertical'shaft 22, and the chain 23, which, as shown

page_text: in Figs. 3, 8, and 13, directly engages the rack 13. The backward movement
of the rack is effected by means of a spring 24 (Fig. 6).
The to-and-fro movement of the pistons 2 for opening and closing the pairs
of knotting tongs is effected as follows:-
The carriage 15 is mounted, so as to be capable of being moved, on the sup-
port 11, and carries, as shown in Fig. 30, on its under side, several short racks 25
in which engage the toothed sectors 27 keyed on the shaft 26. The shaft 26 is
Jikewise mounted on the support 11 (Fig. 8) and is rotated in the direction indi-
cated by the arrow in Fig. 30, by means of a spring 28 which engages a flexible
band 29 fastened to the shaft 26, in such a manner that the pairs of knotting
tongs are held lightly closed, the conical front end of each piston 2 being pressed
against the hollow conical end of the cavity of the cylinder with considerable
pressure.
The introduction of the small pieces of wool into the pairs of knotting tongs, is
effected by means of the feeding apparatus, which consists of as many pairs of
feeding tongs 30 as there are pairs of knotting tongs. The pairs of feeding tongs,
which are held closed by springs 31, are arranged on a rod 32 extending over
the working breadth of the loom and held at the ends by curved arms 33. Each
of the arms 33 is located on a short shaft 34 which is operated by means of
chain-wheels 35 and chains 36 from the shaft 37 extending over the entire work-
ing breadth. This shaft receives its motion from the main shaft 17 through the
crank 38, the connecting rod 39, the roller lever 40, and the eccentric 41
(Figs. 1 and 6).
When the tongs 30 are turned downwards about the axis of the shaft 34, the
ends of the tongs holding the small pieces of thread enter the corresponding
pairs of knotting tongs located in the upper extreme position. In consequence,
however, of the fact that the slot in the piston 2 of each pair of knotting tongs
is narrower than the slot in the cylinder, or than the breadth of a pair of feed-
ing tongs (see Figs. 27 and 28), the latter can enter the cylinder 1 of the corre-
sponding pair of knotting tongs, but cannot enter the slot of the piston, but
strikes against the end of the piston and pushes the piston backwards, the slide 15
likewise moving backwards and the spring 28 being slightly compressed. As
soon as the pair of feeding tongs again leaves the pair of knotting tongs, the
piston is pushed forwards again by the spring and clamps fast the piece of thread,
which passes with its ends through the perforations 9 and 10.
In order to prevent the pieces of wool from being torn out on the subsequent
downward movement of the carriage 16, the piston receives a further forward
pressure by means of the subsequently described arrangement:-
On the shaft 37 there is located, as shown in Figs. 3 and 20, a curved arm 42,
which carries a dog 43, which is held in a definite position by a spring 44.
Since each pair of feeding tongs also receives its motion as described from the
shaft 37, the dog 43 is also moved backwards simultaneously with the feeding of
the small piece of thread, and it takes with it the three-armed lever 46, 47, 48
mounted to rotate on a projection 45 (Figs. 3 and 5) of the frame of the loom,
by means of the arm 46 of the said three-armed lever, and thereby stretches the
spring 49 which engages the three-armed lever at 47. The arm 42 has, at the
cuter curved edge, a screwed-on projection 50, which holds up a catch 51, until
the spring 49 is almost completely stretched. Before, however, the spring 49
has been fully stretched, the catch 51 is released by the projection 50, falls
downwards, and holds the lever arm 46 fast after the spring 49 has been com-
pletely stretched, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 20.
Whilst the arm 46 moves back again with the dog 43, the knotting tongs are
also simultaneously closed, since the feeding tongs have liberated the knotting
tongs, and the pistons can be moved forwards by the tension of the spring 28.
The projection 50, however, has cone, during the backward rotation of the
arm 42, within reach of the catch 51 and has liberated it, and the three-armed
lever 46, 47, 48 is turned by the spring 49 in the direction indicated by the

page_text: arrow in Fig. 3. During this movement the eccentric head of the arm 48 strikes
the crank 52 rigidly connected with the shaft 26 (Figs. 3 and 4), in consequence
of which the shaft 26 is rotated, the slide 15 is moved forwards, and conse-
quently the knotting tongs are firmly closed, the springs 53 on the backward
extensions 14 of the pistons being compressed
In order, however, to maintain the firm closure of the knotting tongs also
when the finished knots are pushed up to the fabric, the crank 52, which other-
wise would leave the arm 48, and therefore move backwards, on the downward
movement of the carriage, is prevented from turning backwards by a nose 54
on a catch lever 55, which is pivoted to the support, as shown in Fig. 4.
The catch lever 55 engages in the slotted rod 56 suspended from the three-
armed lever 46, 47, 48, by means of a pin, which moves downwards in the slot
of the bar 56 when the carriage 16 descends. Shortly before the finished knot is
pushed up to the fabric, the pin of the catch lever 55 is held back by the lower
end of the slot in the bar 56, in consequence of which the catch lever 55 is
turned upwards and its nose 54 liberates the crank arm 52, the knot being pushed
quite up to the fabric at this moment.
The up-and-down movement of the carriage 16 is effected from the main
shaft 17 by means of the cam 57 (Figs. 1, 5, and 12), the roller lever 58, the
draw rod 59, the chain 60, the chain-pulleys 62 located on the shaft 61, and the
chain 63. The opening of the feeding tongs is effected by means of the tappet
shaft 64 (Figs. 3 and 20), on which acts a spring 65, which has a tendency to
rotate the shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 20. The back-
wardly extending. arms of the movable parts of the tongs strike, during the back-
ward movement, against the tappet or nose of the shaft 64. rotate this shaft
against the action of the spring until these arms pass over the nose and the
latter again springs forward under the action of the spring 65. During the
forward movement, the said arms pass over the tappet shaft, the pairs of feeding
tongs are thereby opened, and are kept open until the arms have passed entirely
over the nose, whereupon the tongs are again closed by means of the springs 31.
The bands 66 that contain the small pieces of thread to be knotted, are
rolled-up on the rollers 67, which are threaded upon a shaft 69 carried by the
levers 68. On the pivotal shaft of the levers 68, which extends over the breadth
of the loom, there are keyed two downwardly extending arms 70 which have, near
their lower ends, slots in which a rod 71 is mounted so as to be movable trans-
versely in relation to the loom. Of this rod, which, as shown in Fig. 8, con-
sists of two pieces connected together, are screwed a number of bearing arms 72,
each of which carries two small cord-pulleys 73, and two angular feeding levers 74.
The short arm of each of these levers is forked in order to allow of the passage
of the longitudinal threads (which hold the small pieces of thread) of the bands.
whilst the longer and upwardly extending arm has, at its upper end, a broadened
head, which, as shown in Figs. 1 and 23, bears against the bar 71. Over the
two-armed levers 74 are arranged two rollers 75, which extend over the breadth
of the loom and are provided with toothed wheels and which are mounted in two
swing levers 77 located loosely on the shaft 76. The shaft 76 is mounted on
the lever arm 70, which, on being swung forward, operates. by means of a
cord 78 fastened to the standard of the loom, a ratchet apparatus 79 by means of
which the two rollers 75, whose toothed wheels gear together, are rotated back-
wards in such a manner that the pattern bands 66 carried over the pulleys 73 and
rollers 75 are moved further by the distance between two small pieces of thread
(Fig. 1).
The longitudinal threads remaining after drawing the small pieces of thread
out of the pattern-fabric bands, are conducted to a bobbin arrangement (Figs. 1
and 8). which is arranged over the rollers 75 and is fastened on the arms 70, and
which has double as many bobbins 80 as there are pairs of knotting tongs. The
hobbins are loose on the spindles, and are rotated merely by friction. They are
driven by means of an endless chain 81 from the chain-wheel 82, which receives

page_text: its rotation through the ratchet-wheel 83 and the pawl 84 carried by a ratchet-
lever which is connected by the rod 85 with the standard of the knotting loomi
in such a manner that when the arm. 70 swings forward, the ratchet-pawl. rotates
the chain-wheel 82. From the chain-wheel shaft, by means of toothed gearing
(see Fig. 8), a worm 86, and a worm-wheel 87, there is rotated a cam 88 on
which slides the roller of a lever 90, which is fastened so as to rotate at 89 and
whose longer arm carries a fork 91, in which is inserted the thread-guide .92
consisting of a rod, as shown in Fig. 11. As three such thread-guides are pro-
vided, there are also arranged three forked levers 90, 91, which rise and fall
simultaneously during the rotation of the cam 88.1 'The middle thread-guide
effects the winding-up upon the two middle rows of bobbins (Fig. 1), and the
two outer thread-guides that upon the outer rows of bobbins.
By means of the rod 92, the lever 93, and the connecting rod 94, the motion
of the right-hand thread-guides is transferred to the thread-guides of the left-
hand side of the loom.
The oscillatory motion of the arms 70 is obtained from the chain-wheel 35
located on the shaft 37. This chain-wheel carries a pin 95 (Figs. 1, 6, and 20)
which engages in the slotted lever 96 and oscillates the same. This motion is,
as shown in Fig. 6, transferred further to the arms 70 by means of the shaft 97,
the lever 98, and the draw rods 99 (Figs. 1 and 20). In the framework of the
loom there is further mounted to rotate, a double-armed lever 100, whose longer
front arm and whose shorter rear arm carry respectively two stepped abutting
surfaces (Fig. 20) and a bolt which bears against a projection of the curved
piece 101 keyed on the shaft 97, and is consequently held in a definite position.
When the arm 70 swings backwards, at the end of its movement it is stopped
by the first abutting surface 102 of the lever 100, whilst the draw-rod 99, in con-
sequence of its longitudinal slot, can still continue its backward motion. during
which also the curved piece 101 is further turned and liberates the lever 100 with
its projection, in consequence of which the arms 70 become free and are swung
backwards by their own weight (towards the right in Fig. 1) until they become
stopped by the second abutting surface 103 of the lever 100 (see position shown
in Fig. 1).
In order to bring the knotting tongs, the feeding tongs, and the bands always
opposite to the pairs of warp threads that are to be provided with knots and
which are arranged vertically and close together, 'the said parts must be capable
of being moved to and fro transversely, in relation to the loom.
..:
This lateral motion is effected from the vertical controlling shaft 104 and is
transferred by means of a chain-wheel 105 and a chain 106 (Figs. 6 and 12) to
the support 11, and further. by means of the chain-wheels 107 and the chain 108
(Fig. 6), to the angle-iron bar 109, which extends over the breadth of the loom
and is mounted so as to be movable in the standards, and from this the said
lateral motion is transferred by means of the 'arm 110 to the rod 71 on which
it bears, whereby the lateral movement of the pattern bands 66 is 'produced.
The lateral movement of the feeding tongs is, as shown in Fig: 20, effected by
means of the angle-iron bar 109 in the following way: each arm 111 (on each
side of the loom) which is connected with the angle-iron' bar 109 and loosely
surrounds the shaft 34, moves laterally, during the shifting of the bar 109, the
arms 33, the bar 32. and consequently the feeding tongs.
The chain-wheel 105 for shifting the support is not rigidly keyed on the con-
trolling shaft 104; but is rotated thereby by means of sliding keys because the
chain-wheel moves up and down with the carriage 16.
The controlling shaft must execute an oscillatory movement'in accordance with
the lateral movement of the tongs apparatus and of the pattern bands. This is
effected by means of the following controlling arrangement: -
The controlling shaft 104 carries, as shown in Figs. 3, 6, and 12, a larger
cone 113, which is connected by a chain with a smaller cone 114. On the shaft
of this smaller cone is a ratchet-wheel 115 (Figs. 21 and 22) which is rotated,

page_text: alternately in
one and the other direction, from the main shaft 17,
by means of the grooved cam disc 116 and the two-armed slotted lever 117. For
this purpose, the slotted lever 117 is connected by means of the rods 118 with
the corresponding ratchet-levers 119, whose pawls 120 engage alternately in
ratchet-wheel 115.
Since there should always be only one pawl acting, the secondly liberated pawl
must be engaged at the moment when the first is liberated, so that the ratchet-
wheel and the parts in connexion therewith will be rotated in the opposite direction
to the previous rotation.
As mentioned in the commencement of this specification, the small pieces of
Thread are drawn out of the bands 66, and, in connexion with this, after each
knotting of a knot the tongs and the bands 66 are shifted laterally by the dis-
When the last knot of a
tance of the pairs of knot threads from one another.
row has been knotted, the tongs and the bands have not to be pushed back
laterally, as the first knot of the next row has to be knotted on the same pair
of warp threads as the last knot of the preceding row.
If, therefore, each pair of knotting tongs has, for example, to knot eight knots,
the said parts (the tongs and the bands) need to be shifted only seven times,
because they already stand at the correct place for the first knot of the succeed-
ing row.
The reversing of the pawls 120 is effected as follows:-
The ratchet-wheel 115 carries two small disengaging pawls 121, which are
under spring pressure and which, whilst ratchet action is proceeding, approach
the pawl for the time being in operation. As soon as one pawl 120 (for example,
the lower pawl in Fig. 22) is to cease to operate, the corresponding (that is to
say, next) disengaging pawl 121 has come so near to this pawl 120 that the
former, on the backward motion of the ratchet-lever 119, engages in the toothed
arc 122 rigidly connected with the corresponding pawl, and pressed outwards,
in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 22), and consequently disengages,
this pawl, whilst at the same time the second (upper) pawl is brought nearer to
the controlling or ratchet wheel 115, in consequence of its jointed connexion by
means of the bent bar 123. During the next ratchet action, the first (lower)
pawl is still further removed, but the other (upper) pawl is brought into
engagement with the controlling wheel, in consequence of which, as is necessary,
the tongs and the bands are shifted in a direction opposite to the previous one.
The displacement of the warp threads 124 for the purpose of forming sheds
is effected by means of the laths 125 (Figs. 3 and 5), by means of leashes which
are guided at right angles round the bars 126, and each of which engages with
an eye a warp or knot thread 124. In order to keep the leashes guided hori-
zontally towards the warp threads in their positions, and to prevent them from
falling, each leash hangs with its eye on a holding cord 127 (Figs.
and 20),
which is connected to the rod 128 common to all the .holding cords, as shown
in Figs. 20 and 29.
The raising of the laths 125 is effected by means of chains carried over chain-
wheels 129 (Fig. 5), draw rods 130, and chains 131, from the curved pieces 132,
which are loosely threaded on the shaft 133 and are provided on the other side
of the shaft with noses 134. Underneath the noses there is a card chain 136,
which passes over the cylinder 135 and whose cards act upon the pawls 137.
When these pawls are raised by a card pin, they engage under the corresponding
noses 134, and effect, when the levers 138 that carry the pawls 137 are turned
towards the right (Fig. 5), a swinging of the corresponding curved pieces 132 that
causes the raising of the laths, whilst the bent pieces that correspond to the
pawls remaining in the position of rest, are not shifted and therefore the corre-
sponding laths remain at rest.
The pair of levers 138 carrying the pawls are keyed fast on the shaft 133 and
carry this along with them as they are swung, whilst a second pair of such
levers 139 (Fig. 1) are loose on the shaft 133, since the right-hand side group of

page_text: laths (Fig. 3), which belongs to this second pair of levers, are to be independent
of the swinging of the shaft 133.
The strokes of the warp-threads 124 are of different lengths: during knotting,
they are less displaced, in order not to liberate the finished knots that are pushed
up to the fabric, whilst, during the insertion of the ground picks, the warp-
threads are displaced more, and at a time at which the knotting devices and the
main shaft 17 are at rest. As the two warp-threads of a pair of knotting threads
-as appears from the subsequent description of the operation-are not simul-
taneously raised, there are really provided two dobbies, which are independent
of each other, and of which each has its own operating cam 140 or 141 located
on the main shaft 17. During the knotting, the laths are raised from the main-
shaft by means of the said cams 140 and 141, the two-armed levers 142 (Figs. 1
and 5), the draw-rods 143, and the ratchet-levers 138, 139.
The first-displaced warp-threads of the several pairs of threads are operated by
the cam 140, which corresponds to the left hand side group of laths, and the sub-
sequently raised ones are operated by the cam 141 belonging to the right-hand
side group of laths.
For the formation of sheds for the ground-picks, there are provided two special
cams 144 and 145 (Figs. 1 and 5), which effect a greater displacement of the
warp-threads, and which are keyed upon a common shaft 146 and likewise
operate the levers 142. On this cam shaft 146 there is rigidly secured a coupling
part 147 (Figs. 1 and 2), which is operated by the driving wheck 149, in conse-
quence of the engagement of the second coupling part 148.
The coupling nart 147, which is keyed fast, is provided with a projecting edge
with four notches, which are arranged at angles of 90° apart and in which
engages a nose 151 projecting over from the disengaging lever 150, and also with
two diametrically opposite noses 152. When the coupling part 148 (on the right
hand in Fig. 1) is engaged, the nose 151 abandons the notch in the projecting
edge of the coupling part 147 that is keyed fast. This coupling part continues
to rotate, and, since the nose 151 engages in a hook-like manner over the pro-
jecting edge of the fixed coupling part, the coupling part 148 remains engaged
until the next notch reaches the nose 151, and liberates this, in consequence of
which the coupling is disengaged by the shifting of the loose coupling part 148
towards the right hand.
On the first engagement of the coupling 147, 148, the cam 145 comes into
operation, in consequence of which the second (right hand) group of laths is
raised and remains in the raised position in order, after knotting, to allow the
first of the ground picks that are to be inserted, to enter. When the first ground-
pick has entered, then, for the purpose of closing the shed, the coupling part 148
is again engaged, and is held by the nose 151 engaging over the edge of the
fixed coupling part 147, until the next notch reaches the nose, and the disengage-
ment takes place. Immediately before this takes place, however, one of the
noses 152 comes within range of the engager 153 of a second coupling 154, 155,
in consequence of which this is automatically engaged, and effects the striking
up of the pick that has been put in, by means of the descending batten 156. The
first-namod coupling 147, 148, on the contrary, remains at rest immediately after
the engagement of the batten coupling 154, 155. The batten 156 receives its
motion (as soon as the coupling 154, 155 has been automatically engaged in the
manner described) from the driving wheel 157 by means of the following
arrangement:-
-
The coupling part 154 is rigidly connected with a spur wheel 158, which
engages in a larger wheel 159 whose motion is transferred by means of the bevel-
wheels 160, 161 (Fig. 13) to the shaft 162, and, by means of this shaft, the
cam 163, the roller lever 164 (Fig. 3), the draw rod 165, and the crank 166, to
the rocking shaft 167 which extends over the breadth of the loom (Figs. 1, 3,
12, and 13). On this shaft are rigidly keyed two arms 168 which are on opposite
sides of the loom and which raise and lower the batten 156 by means of draw

page_text: rods 169 in the manner shown in Fig. 1. In order to enable one or two strokes,
as required, to be given to the pick that has been inserted, the two bevel
wheels 160 and 161 (Figs. 13 and 14), the diameters of which are related as 2; 3,
have projecting edges, provided with notches 170 and 171, respectively, in which
engage the screws 172, 173 respectively of the disengaging lever 153, which can
be rocked about 174 (Fig. 14).
On the engagement of the coupling 154. 155, the screws are drawn out of the
notches 170, 171 in consequence of the shifting of the lever 153; during this the
full edges, over which the screws 172, 173 engage, prevent the backward move-
ment of the lever 153 until both the screws after the rotation of the bevel-wheels,
simultaneously engage in the two slots or notches. This does not occur, however,
until the smaller bevel-wheel 160. has made three revolutions, and the larger
bevel-wheel 161, two revolutions, during which, consequently, two strokes of the
batten have taken place. When, however, the screw 172 is removed out of the
coupling engager 153, this is held merely by the edge of the bevel-wheel 161
and is therefore freed on any rotation thereof, so that on the proper pick only
one blow of the batten takes place.
The warp-threads 124 are wound-up on two beams 175 and 176 (Figs. 1 and 5)
alternately, are led over the niovably mounted tension bars 177 and 178, through
the eyes of the leashes leading to the laths, and over the temple 179, and finally
reach the carpet beam 180, whose pins engage the finished carpet and draw it
along.
The warp-beams carry worm-wheels 181 and 182 respectively (Figs. 1 and 5),
in which the worms 183 and 184 respectively engage. These worms are loose on
a common vertical shaft 185, which are driven by means of the bevel wheels 186,
187, whose motion is obtained from the driving wheel 149 by means of the belt
pulley 188 and the belt 189.
The worms are provided at the bottom with coupling halves, in which can
engage the coupling parts 190 and 191, which are driven by the shaft 185 by
means of sliding keys.
In the coupling parts 190 and 191 engage the coupling forks 192 and 193,
which are connected, as shown in Fig. 5, by means of rods, with the tension-
bar levers 194 and 195, which are loaded with weights. When the warp 124
is being worked forward and drawn along, the tension-bar levers 194 and 195
are displaced and the coupling parts 190 and 191 are brought into engagement
with the coupling parts on the worms 183 and 184. The warp is now wound off
until the tension-bar levers are again turned back into their original position
and the coupling is consequently again disengaged.
The temple consists of a shaft 179, which extends over the working breadth
of the loom and is provided with steel points and whose supporting arms 196 are
fastened on the shaft 197, which extends over the breadth of the loom, and the
outer frames of the standards. The shaft 197 is driven from the main shaft 17
by means of the roller lever 198 and the cam 199.
The insertion of the ground weft is effected by means of the shuttle 200, which,
in accordance with the vertical position of the warp, must give off the weft-
thread downwards. The shuttle has, on the one side, a vertical, and on the
other side an inclined, side wall (Fig. 10). In each of these side walls there
are inserted two rollers, on which the shuttle slides through the shed between the
walls of the shuttle box 201 that are parallel to the shuttle walls and the
walls 202 of the batten 156. The movement - the shuttle is effected by means
of the picker 203 and the picking lever 204, which is moved quickly inwards by
means of a spring 205. On each side of the loom there is mounted to rotate
on the standards such a picking lever, which next to the pivotal bolt has a nose
by means of which the picking lever is carried outwards by a lever 206 (Fig. 8)
which is mounted on the same pivotal bolt and is likewise provided with a nose;
the spring 205 is thereby stretched. In the outer extreme position (when the
spring 205 is stretched) the picking lever is held fast by a catch 207 (Figs. 10

page_text: and 11) which is provided on the shuttle box 201, and whose second lever arm
is connected by means of a cord with a lath of the group of laths (125) that
ascends during the formation of the ground shed. As soon as the laths have
reached their upper extreme position, the catch 207 is liberated by the drawing
of the cord, in consequence of which the spring 205 comes into operation, and
the shuttle is shot through the shed. The stretching of the picking spring on
the left-hand side of the loom is effected, as is apparent from Figs. 15 and 16,
. from the batten shaft 167 by means of the slotted arm 208..
On the shaft of the carpet beam 180 there is a bent lever 209, whose upper
arm engages in the slot of the arm 208 by means of a roller, whilst the second
arm is connected by means of the connecting rod 210 with the bent lever 211,
from which the motion is transferred by means of noses to the left-hand side
picking lever 204 and by means of the draw rod 212 to the lever 206 and the
right-hand side picking lever.
The carpet beam 180 is driven from the cam 213 (Figs. 1 and 12) located on
the main shaft 17 by means of a worm regulator 267 of known kind.
The corner strips of the carpet are likewise made in a mechanical way. For
the formation of the shed a small dobby is used, which consists of lifter
levers 215 which are loose on the shaft 214 (Fig. 5) and which are connected by
means of cords with the warp threads belonging to the corner strips. The
lifters are shifted by means of the cards of the card chain 216, whose cylinder 217
is mounted on the one arm of a bent lever 218 which is located on the shaft 214
(Figs. 1 and 5) and whose second arm is connected by means of a draw rod 219
with a lever 220, which is pivoted to the standard, and which, by means of a
sliding roller, engages in a slotted lever 221. As this lever 221 is rigidly fixed
on the shaft 133 of the curved lever 132 which causes the raising of the laths,
the corner strip dobby 214-218 is driven simultaneously with the large
dobby 132-137. During the working of the ground shed, the corner strip dobby
should not work, and this is effected by means of blank cards-that is to say,
cards that have no lifter raising pins. For the insertion of the weft for the
corner strips there is arranged at each side of the loom a figuring shuttle 222
(Fig. 15 and 16) in a movable shoe 223 (Fig. 17) which encloses the shuttle only
loosely, and moves it to and fro in the slideway 224. The two shoes of the two
sides of the loom are connected together by means of a rod 225, which receives
its backward and forward motion from the shaft 37 of the tongs arrangement.
For this purpose the following arrangement is provided:-
In the end pin of this shaft 37 there is screwed a sleeve 226, on whose turned-
down necks are loosely placed two levers 227, which have, at their inner ends
which are turned towards each other, helical surfaces 228, and connected
therewith, in each case, a shoulder 229 (Figs. 18 and 19).
The levers 227 are connected by means of rods 230 with the three-armed oscil-
lating lever 231, whose middle arm carries, in common with an oscillating arm 232
of equal length, a connecting rod 233, which engages the bar 225 by means of
a fork 234 fastened to its inner end, and moves it to and fro in its longitudinal
direction, whereby the figuring shuttle is moved.
The sleeve 226 has, between the two necks, a sliding key for moving with it
the sliding piece 235, which is placed upon it and which is provided at both
sides with helical surfaces 236 and two shoulders 237, which correspond to the
surfaces and shoulders of the levers 227.
When the shaft 37 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 18,
then, according to the position of the sliding piece, one or other of the shoulders
thereof for example, the (in Fig. 19) right-hand side shoulder 237-strikes
against the shoulder 229 of the right-hand side lever 227, and takes this with it,
in the direction of the arrow, whereby the lever 231 is finally brought into the
position shown in Fig. 16. During the backward motion of the shaft 37, the
(right-hand side) helical surfaces 228 and 236 .slide apart. whereby the sliding
piece is displaced axially and moved to the other (left-hand) side (position shown

page_text: in Fig. 19). If, now, the shaft is again rotated, as at the commencement, in the
direction indicated by the arrow, the (left-hand side) shoulder 237 strikes against
that of the left-hand side lever and takes this with it in the direction indicated
by the arrow, whereby the lever 231 is brought into the other extreme position.
During the backward rotation of the shaft 37, the sliding piece 235 is again dis-
placed towards the right-hand side, so that, during the rotation of the shaft
in the direction indicated by the arrow, the first (right-hand side) lever is again
taken along in the direction indicated by the arrow, and so on. The shuttle is
therefore displaced, as required, alternately from right to left and from left to
right.
The loom is started by engaging the main coupling 238, 239 (Figs. 1 and 12)
arranged on the main shaft 17, by means of lever 240, the connecting rod 241
(Fig. 12), the bent lever 242, and the handle bar 243. The motion of the
coupling part 239 is transferred to the toothed wheel 149 by means of the train
of wheels 244, 245, 157 and the coupling wheel 247. The second coupling
part 250 belonging to the coupling wheel 247, is keyed on the main shaft 17, and
rotates this by means of the sliding keys, as soon as this coupling part 250 is
pushed up to the coupling wheel 247, by means of the disengaging lever 251.
The coupling part 250 has, as shown in Fig. 12, at a definite position of its
periphery, a notch 252 in which engages the lug 253, which is fastened on the
framework of the loom and holds the coupling fast as soon as it has been put
into engagement, whilst the main shaft makes one revolution, during which a
knot is knotted.
Since a row has a definite number of knots-for example, as assumed, eight
knots therefore with this arrangement the loom would be stopped after each
knot. In order to prevent this, and to cause the loom to be stopped only after
the knotting of the last knot of a row, the disengaging lever 251 is provided at
its end, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 12, and 22, with a fork 254 which has a wedge-
shaped end which can be pushed under a knob 255 provided at the top of the
pin 256 so as to raise the latter. This pin is loosely surrounded by the
arm 257 of the bent lever 257, 258, whose second arm 258 has a step which bears
against a projection 261 of the disengaging lever 251, and therefore can hold
this lever fast in the position in which the coupling 247, 250 is engaged.
The ratchet-wheel 115 (Figs. 12, 21, and 22) carries two screwed-on noses 259
and 260, which, at the conclusion of each row of knots, alternately come within
the range of the pin 256, and turn the bent lever holding fast the disengaging
lever, in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 12, in consequence of which
the disengaging lever 251 becomes free.
On the disengagement of the coupling 250 (247), the disengaging lever 251
is moved in such a manner that the wedge-shaped fork 254 is pushed under the
knob 255 of the pin 256, and this is raised and consequently brought outside the
range of the nose 260 (259). The bent lever 257, 258 is hereby turned in the
direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 12, so that it can again
hold the disengaging lever 251 fast during the next engagement.
When the loom is at rest, the lug 253 is in engagement with the notch 252 in
the coupling part 250, whilst the disengaging lever 251 is turned forwards (in
Fig. 12, downwards), during which the lever arm 258 of the bent lever 257, 258
bears against the pin 261 in the disengaging lever 251 in consequence of the pull
of the spring 262 connecting the arm 258 with the lever 251. When the loom
is put into operation by moving the disengaging lever 251 backwards (in Fig. 12
upwards), the coupling part 250 is likewise moved backwards (in Fig. 12
upwards, in Fig. 1 towards the right) and therefore comes out of engagement
with the lug 253; simultaneously, the disengaging lever 251 is held fast by the
falling in of the bent-lever arm 258. The coupling is now held fast on the one
hand by means of the lug 253, and on the other hand by means of the disengag-
ing lever 251.
The movement of the working parts (tongs etc.) for the purpose of adjusting them

page_text: to the pair of warp-threads next to be knotted, takes place immediately after
putting the loom into gear. As, however, during the first revolution of the main
shaft, both of the pawls 120 are out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel 115,
there is, during the first revolution of the main shaft 17, still no shifting, as is
necessary, because the first knot of the commencing row is to be knotted to the
same pair of warp-threads as the last knot of the preceding row. There is no
shifting in the corresponding direction until the second revolution of the main
shaft. During the shifting, for the last knot, the lever 251 is disengaged by
means of the ratchet-wheel 115 or the nose 260, and the loom would be stopped
before the last knot is quite knotted. The premature stopping is prevented
by means of the fixed lug 253, which keeps the loom in operation until the
coupling part 250 reaches the lug 253 with its notch 252, and can stop the loom
by the entry thereof under the influence of the spring 263. The operation of
the disengaging lever 251 is effected by means of a double lever 264 (Figs.: 6
and 12), a draw-rod 265, and a double lever with handle 266 (Fig. 12):. The
warp-threads lying one behind another in the pairs of knotting tongs, lie, in the
finished fabric, side by side, and the first warp-thread that is laid into the pair
of tongs is, in the fabric, the right-hand warp-thread, and the secondly inserted
one the left-hand warp-thread, of a pair of warp-threads, if the fabric be regarded
on its rear side, which is turned towards the worker. In order to draw the
finished knots up to the fabric, the carriage 16 is lowered with the support 11,
during which a small displacement takes place between the knot and the pair
of warp-threads belonging thereto, in consequence of the stretching of the warp,
so that when the knots have arrived below, the two warp threads are in the
middle of the same (Fig. 34). The pair of threads already provided with knots
no longer receive motion through the leashes during the knotting of the next
knots, in consequence of which they are also not much loosened. When the
pairs of knotting tongs with the completely wound knots have reached the already
finished fabric, the knots, during the further downward motion of the carriage,
are firmly tightened; the pairs of knotting tongs are then immediately opened
and liberate the knots, whereupon the carriage descends agam a still further
distance. In order to prevent, during the upward movement thereof, the rubbing
of the knotting tongs on the finished knots, whereby these might be loosened,
the temple 179 receives a small movement outwards (in Fig. 13, downwards),
whereby the finished fabric is removed a little from the carriage, and this can
rise without touching the goods.
The mode of operation of the knotting loom described is as follows:-
Each warp-thread of each band 66 is carried through the slot of a feeling
lever 74, thence round the small pulleys 73, upwards over the rollers 75, and
onwards to a bobbin 80. In consequence of the movement of the lever arm 70
outwards that has previously taken place, the rollers 75 and also the bobbin
arrangement have been moved on, and the last and lowest, small piece of wool
of each band 66 has been pressed against the lower arm of the corresponding
feeling lever 74, the second lever arm of each lever 74 being pressed against
the band 66 and holding this fast. In the meantime, the feeding tongs 30 have
reached their highest position, have opened during the commencing backward
movement in consequence of the action of the tappet shaft 64, and have each
grasped a small piece of wool, whereupon they close during their further move-
ment in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 29, draw out the small
pieces of wool from the bands 66, and feed these to the pairs of knotting
tongs 1, 2.
The carriage 16 has, in the meantime, arrived above, and remains at rest.
One of the warp-threads 124 of each pair of threads to be knotted, has been
drawn by a lath of the first (left hand) group of laths into the helically wound
part (5) of the slot of the corresponding pair of knotting tongs (Fig. 30), where-
upon this is rotated through 180°, and the warp-thread is drawn backwards, by
the helical part 6 of the piston slot, a further distance (Fig. 31). The second

page_text: warp-thread of the pair to be knotted is now introduced, by a lath of the second
(right hand) group of laths, into the groove of the pair of knotting tongs 1, 2
which has been rotated through 180°.
The pairs of feeding tongs 30, with the small pieces of wool, are, in the mean-
time, forced into the pairs of knotting tongs, and press the pistons 2 backwards in
the pairs of knotting tongs, the small pieces of wool being inserted into the
pairs of knotting tongs.
On their entry into the cylinder 1 of a pair of knotting tongs, the ends of its
small piece of wool have been bent backwards, but have immediately, during the
further movement of the pair of feeding tongs, straightened out again owing to
the perforations 9 and 10 in the cylinder, whereupon the pairs of feeding tongs
begin their backward movement and the small pieces of wool are carried back-
wards, with repeated bending, in the opposite direction until they are pressed
and held fast against the front walls of the cylinder by the pistons of the pairs of
knotting tongs, being drawn out during the further backward movement of the
pairs of feeding tongs by which they have been only loosely held (Fig. 32).
At the same time the firm closure of the pistons is effected by the pushing
up of the carriage 15, whereby the small pieces of wool are held still. more firmly
than is the case during the simple closure of the piston.
The small pieces of wool are, whilst being drawn out of the bands, not engaged
by the points of the pairs of feeding tongs, but further backwards thereof, in
consequence of which each piece is held fast only at the ends by the piston 2
(following the pair of feeding tongs) of the pair of knotting tongs, so that the
middle portion of the small piece of wool stands out of the pair of knotting tongs
and forms a small bow (Fig. 41).
This bow is necessary in order to enable a loop to be formed round the warp-
thread during the subsequent twisting of the small piece of wool.
When the small pieces of wool are held fast by the pairs of knotting tongs, the
second warp-thread (which is subsequently drawn into the pair of knotting tongs)
of each pair of knotting threads, leaving the pair of tongs, is brought back into
its original position, but is hindered in its further movement by the small piece
of wool, which is held fast by the pair of knotting tongs.
As soon as the one warp-thread has left each pair of knotting tongs the latter is
rotated backwards again through 180°, in consequence of which the small piece
of wool held fast by it forms a crossed loop around the corresponding warp-thread
which has already left its pair of knotting tongs. The first warp-threads now
return to their original position and the knot is now ready to be drawn up to
the finished fabric (Fig. 33).
For this purpose the entire carriage 16, with the support 11, is moved down-
wards, takes with it, during this, the finished knots, and pushes them firmly
against the finished fabric. The catch lever 55 (Figs. 3 and 4), which holds the
crank 52 fast, whereby the pairs of knotting tongs are compelled to hold fast the
knots, slides freely downwards, during this movement, with its pin in the slotted
rod 56, until the knots are drawn firmly against the fabric; at this moment the
pin of the lever 55 has reached the end of the slot, in consequence of which the
lever 55 is disengaged, and the crank 52 and the knots of the knotting tongs are
liberated.
Whilst the carriage 16 moves downwards still further, the temple 179 moves
outwards with the finished fabric and remains in this positon until the carriage,
during the next movement, rises again, and the pairs of knotting tongs have
passed the finished fabric without touching it.
When the last knot of a row is knotted, the loom is automatically stopped by
the disengagement of the coupling 247, 250 and the carriage 16 remains in the
lowest position (Fig. 29).
The
During the knotting of one row of knots by means of the pairs of knotting
tongs, there are simultaneously formed the corner strips of the carpet.
warp-threads thereof are displaced by the small dobby (214–219) and the weft

page_text: is inserted by means of the shuttle 222. This work is executed by the loom at
the moment at which the pairs of feeding tongs insert the small pieces of wool into
the pairs of knotting tongs.
soon,
As
For the purpose of inserting the ground weft, the coupling 147, 148. is put
into engagement, the cam 145 comes into action, and the second group of laths
is raised and remains in the raised position, whereby the shed is formed.
however, as the laths have reached the highest point, the catch 207 which
holds the picking lever 204 with the spring 205 stretched, is liberated by one
of them and the shuttle is shot through the opened shed. Hereupon the
coupling 147 148 is again put into engagement, in consequence of which the
shed is closed, but simultaneously the batten coupling 154, 155 is put into
engagement and the inserted pick is struck up to the finished knots of the last
row by the lowering of the batten 156. In accordance with the adjustment of
the machine, one or two blows of the batten 156 are made, whereupon the
coupling 154, 155 is disengaged and the batten remains in the raised position.
In the same way, in consequence of the repeated engagement of the
coupling 147, 148, there is effected the insertion of the second ground pick, only
with the difference that the first pick is inserted tight, whereas the second is
inserted wavy, the wavy position of the pick being effected by hand. In con-
sequence of the fact that the second pick is inserted slack, the right-hand knot-
ting threads (warp-threads) come to stand behind the left-hand threads, as shown
in Fig. 45, so that a firm knot results. Care must be taken that the left-hand
threads are always raised out with the first shed formation, so that the wound
knots are not drawn tight until after the insertion of the first ground pick, the
right-hand threads being pressed backwards by the tightly inserted pick. If
the other shed were first made the right-hand warp-threads would pass before the
left-hand ones, and the knots would therefore have little hold. The firmness of
the knots depends, consequently, mainly upon the more or less tight insertion of
the first pick, the correct shed formation, and the closeness of the warp.
When the two ground picks have been inserted, the knotting of the next row
can be begun by engaging the coupling 247, 250.
Knotting is effected in the manner described alternately, each row of knots
being knotted in the opposite direction to the previous one and the ground picks
being inserted until the carpet is finished. According to this process, carried out
with the help of the loom arrangements described, the turnout may be twenty
fold that which has hitherto been produced by hand labour.
Dated this 27th day of June 1899.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Carpets.
We, HEINRICH PANITSCHEK, Director of the Weaving School of Sarajevo,
Bosnia, and JOHANN AHORN Manager of the said school, and both of Sarajevo,
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The knotted carpets known under the name of Smyrna carpets are coarse,
long-piled carpets with a small number of knots per unit of area (20,000 to
40,000 knots per square metre) and correspondingly rough edges, whilst Persian
carpets are distinguished by fineness, short pile, a large number of knots per unit

page_text: of area (up to 500,000 knots per square metre), and ornamentation finished to
the minutest details.
Knotted Persian carpets are, like knotted Smyrna carpets, made by hand-
labour by winding the figure or pile threads around, and knotting them to, the
warp-threads by hand in the direction of the weft of the ground fabric. In
doing this, either the pile threads are wound around a needle so as to form rows
of pile loops, which are then cut by drawing out the needles, or short pieces of
thread of about 40 millimetres long are employed to produce the tufts or knots
(hereinafter called knots), which obviates the use of needles and the cutting of
the rows of pile loops. After a row has been knotted in the manner described,
the so-called ground pick is inserted, which holds the several pile threads fast
and gives the proper firmness to the carpet.
In
An essential difference between the coarse and long-pile Smyrna carpets and
the fine and short-pile Persian carpets consists in the formation of the knot.
the case of the Smyrna knot, the small piece of wool is wound round the warp
in the following way: the two ends. of the piece for forming a knot are passed
through between the pair of knot threads to the surface of the carpet (see Fig. A
of the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification), in consequence of which
an uneven distribution of the pile takes place since the pile of both ends passes
to the surface between two warp threads but no pile passes to the surface between
the adjacent warp threads of two pairs of knot threads. If, now, a carpet with
such knots were cut very short, ribs would be produced, because the pile could
not cover the intervals between the separate knots.
It is otherwise in the case of the knot of the fine Persian carpet. In this case, as
shown in Fig. B of the aforesaid drawings, an end of the pile passes upwards
between each two adjacent warp threads so that a perfectly uniform distribution
of the pile on the surface of the carpet is produced. Knotted carpets produced
in this way, are, of course, costly, on account of the protracted and troublesome
hand labour, and necessitate a considerable expenditure of wool.
Now this invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing fine Per-
sian carpets in a mechanical manner in perfectly exact imitation of the handwork
and whilst employing the knots characteristic of fine Persian carpets, and for
thereby enabling these fine carpets to be produced considerably more quickly and
cheaply. According to this method, any desired pattern can be produced with-
out restriction as to the number of the colours and with less consumption of
wool than in the case of carpets knotted by hand.
The method consists essentially in that the small pieces of thread employed for
producing the knots are drawn, by means of tongs, out of bands in which they
are held in the order of colour corresponding to the design to be produced, and
conducted by the said tongs to a number of pairs of knotting tongs which lay each
piece of thread to be knotted in a curve around one of the threads of the pair
of knot threads and then twist the piece of thread around its warp thread into
the form of a loop, whereupon the second knot thread located behind the crossed
loop ends, is loosened by the knotting tongs and the Persian knot is thus
completed.
The knotting tongs are arranged on a rising and falling carrier by means of
the lowering of which the finished knots are pushed up to the finished goods.
By the repeated operation of the mechanism, which is adjusted at each time
to the succeeding pair of warp threads, all the pairs of warp threads are in like
manner provided with knots, but simultaneously the edge strips also are formed,
for which purpose there are provided a small dobby for forming the shed, and,
at each side of the loom, a figuring shuttle.
A knotting loom, arranged for carrying out the method described, is repre-
sented in the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification.
Fig. 1 thereof is a partially sectional right-hand end elevation of the knotting
loom.

page_text: Fig. 2 shows, to a larger scale, part of the coupling arrangements represented
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken just behind the right-hand standard of the
knotting loom, certain parts being broken away in order to render visible the
parts behind the same, and some of the parts lying in front of the plane of
section being indicated in broken lines.
f.
Eig. 4 shows in a second position, and to a larger scale, certain parts of the
lover arrangements shown in Fig. 3.
1
Fig. 5 shows a vertical longitudinal section corresponding to the line AB of
Fig. 1, through the right-hand portion of the loom.
Fig. 6 shows a vertical longitudinal section corresponding to the broken line C
DEF (Fig. 1) through the right-hand portion of the loom; the batten is
omitted in the upper portion for the sake of clearness, and in the lower portion
the parts belonging to the couplings located in front of the plane of
section (EF) have been drawn in.
Fig. 7 shows in perspective some of the parts shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the. right hand portion of the loom, in which
several parts represented in the previous figures are, for the sake of clearness,
omitted, and the lower part of the knotting loom is drawn in vertical longitudinal
section according to the line G H of Fig. 3.
Figs. 9 and 10 show, to a larger scale and respectively in front elevation and
in vertical cross section, the arrangement serving for the introduction of the
ground picks.
Fig. 11 shows in perspective a portion of the thread-guiding device shown in
Fig. 8.
Fig. 12 shows a horizontal section corresponding to the line I.K of Fig. 1, in
which some of the lower coupling parts are omitted for the sake of clearness.
Fig. 13 shows a horizontal section through the loom corresponding to the
line L M N O (Fig. 1), in which all the working parts shown in. Fig. 12 are
.omitted.
Fig. 14 shows to a larger scale certain parts of the bevel-wheel arrangement
shown in Fig. 13.
Fig. 15 is a left-hand end elevation and
Fig. 16 a front elevation of sufficient of the left hand portion of the loom
to show the figuring shuttle device for producing the edge strips, and also the
picking arrangement for the device for inserting the ground picks.
Fig. 17 shows to a larger scale the figuring batten together with shuttle in
cross section.
Figs. 18 and 19 show, to a larger scale and respectively in end' and in side
elevation, the reversing coupling for the figuring shuttle. Underneath those
two figures the individual parts of the reversing coupling are shown separately.
Fig. 20 shows to a larger scale a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.
Figs. 21 and 22 show, respectively in elevation and. in plan and to a larger
scale, the reversing ratchet arrangement that brings about the lateral to-and-fro
movement of the feeding tongs, the knotting tongs and the pattern bands.
Figs. 23 and 24 show separately in cross section and in front elevation, the
apparatus for feeding the pieces of thread for making. the knots.
Fig. 25 shows the upper part of the support with a pair of knotting tongs in
side elevation and partly in section.
Figs. 26 and 27 show the outer part or cylinder of a pair of knotting tongs
in two different side views and partly in longitudinal section.
Fig. 28 shows the inner part or piston of a pair of knotting tongs in longi-
tudinal section.
Figs. 29 to 34 show a pair of feeding tongs, a pair of knotting tongs, and a
pair of knot threads in six different working positions to illustrate the mode of
operation of the loom.
Figs. 35 to 39 are front elevations corresponding to Figs. 29 to 33.

page_text: Figs. 40, 41, 42, and 43 show the pair of knotting tongs to a larger scale, in
the working positions shown in Figs. 31, 32, 33, and 34.
Fig. 44 shows a finished knot and
Fig. 45 shows, diagrammatically and otherwise, cross sections through a
finished knotted Persian carpet.
The knotting loom possesses a number of cylindrical pairs of knotting tongs,
which consist of two parts, 1 and 2, which are pushed one into another, and of
which the outer part 1 is a sleeve or cylinder open at the front whilst the inner
part 2 is a piston or plunger (herein called a piston). Both parts are slotted
in such a manner that the slot is first of all (at 3 or 4) axial, in the further
portion of its course (at 5 or 6) is wound helically through 180°, and finally
(at 7 or 8) is again, as at the beginning, executed axially in the case of the
piston only for a short distance, but in the case of the cylinder for a further
distance, as clearly shown in Figs. 27 and 28. The piston is enclosed in the
cylinder in such a manner that the former can be shifted axially to and fro,
but cannot, in relation to the cylinder, be rotated. The cylinder has besides the
described slot (3, 5, 7), also two lateral and diametrically opposite perforations 9
and 10.
The pairs of knotting tongs so constructed are mounted to rotate in a sup-
All the pinions
port 11, and each cylinder 1 is provided with a pinion 12.
engage in a common rack 13, which is arranged transversely to the loom, and
by shifting which all the pinions and also the pairs of tongs 1, 2, are rotated
through 180°. The backward extensions 14 of the pistons are mounted in a
slide 15, which can be moved backwards and forwards and by the movement of
which all the pistons can be shifted axially in the cylinders, without impeding
the rotation of any entire pair of tongs 1, (cylinder and piston) as a whole.
The support 11 is located, as shown in Figs. 1 and 30, in an ordinary dovetail
guide of the upwardly and downwardly moving carriage 16, and can be moved
to and fro within the said guide laterally or transversely in relation to the loom.
The movement of the rack 13, for the purpose of rotating the pairs of knotting
tongs 1, 2, is effected, in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 13, from
the main shaft 17 by means of the cam 18 (Figs. 1, 3, and 12), the lever 19, the
draw rod 20 the chain 21, the vertical shaft 22, and the chain 23, which, as shown
in Figs. 3, 8, and 13, directly engages the rack 13. The backward movement
of the rack is effected by means of a spring 24 (Fig. 6).
The to-and-fro movement of the pistons 2 for opening and closing the knotting
tongs, is effected as follows:-
The carriage 15 is mounted, so as to be capable of being moved, on the sup-
port 11, and carries, as shown in Fig. 30, on its under side, several short racks 25
in which engage the toothed sectors 27 keyed on the shaft 26. The shaft 26 is
likewise mounted on the support 11 (Fig. 8) and is rotated in the direction indi-
cated by the arrow in Fig. 30, by means of a spring 28 which engages a flexible
that the knotting
band 29 fastened to the shaft 26, in such
tongs are held lightly closed, the conical front end of each piston 2 being pressed
against the hollow conical end of the cavity of the cylinder with moderate
pressure.
there are
a manner
The introduction of the small pieces of wool into the knotting tongs, is
effected by means of the feeding apparatus, which consists of as many
The feeding tongs,
feeding tongs 30 as
knotting tongs.
which are held closed by springs 31, are arranged on a rod 32 extending over
the working breadth of the loom and held at the ends by curved arms 33. Each
of the arms 33 is located on a short shaft 34 which is operated by means of
chain-wheels 35 and chains 36 from the shaft 37 extending over the entire work-
ing breadth. This shaft receives its motion from the main shaft 17 through the
crank 38, the connecting rod 39, the roller lever 40, and the eccentric 41
(Figs. 1 and 6).
When the tongs 30 are turned downwards about the axis of the shaft 34, the

page_text: ends of the tongs holding the small pieces of thread enter the corresponding
knotting tongs located in the upper extreme position. In consequence,
however, of the fact that the slot in the piston 2 of each pair of knotting tongs
is narrower than the slot in the cylinder, or than the breadth of a pair of feed-
ing tongs (see Figs. 27 and 28), the latter can enter the cylinder 1 of the corre-
sponding pair of knotting tongs, but cannot enter the slot of the piston, but
strikes against the end of the piston and pushes the piston backwards, the slide 15.
likewise moving backwards and the spring 28 being slightly extended. As
soon as the feeding tongs again leave the knotting tongs, the piston is pushed
forwards again by the spring and clamps fast the piece of thread, which passes
with its ends through the perforations 9 and 10.
In order to prevent the pieces of wool from being torn out on the subsequent
downward movement of the carriage 16, the piston receives a further forward
pressure by means of the subsequently described arrangement:-
On the shaft 37 there is located, as shown in Figs. 3 and 20, a curved arm 42,
which carries a dog 43, which is held in a definite position by a spring 44.
Since each pair of feeding tongs also receives its motion as described from the
shaft 37, the dog 43 is also moved backwards simultaneously with the feeding of
the small piece of thread, and it takes with it the three-armed lever 46, 47, 48
mounted to rotate on a projection 45 (Figs. 3 and 5) of the frame of the loom,
by means of the arm 46 of the said three-armed lever, and thereby stretches the
spring 49 which engages the three-armed lever at 47. The arm 42 has, at the
cuter curved edge, a screwed-on projection 50, which holds up a catch 51, until
the spring 49 is almost completely stretched. Before, however, the spring 49
has been fully stretched, the catch 51 is released by the projection 50, talls
downwards, and holds the lever arm 46 fast after the spring 49 has been.com-
etely stretched, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 20.
Whilst the arm 46 moves back again with the dog 43, the knotting tongs are
also simultaneously closed since the feeding tongs have liberated the knotting
tongs, and the pistons can be moved forwards by the tension of the spring 28.
The projection 50, however, has come, during the backward rotation of the
arm 42, within reach of the catch 51 and has liberated it, and the three-armed
lever 46, 47, 48 is turned by the spring 49 in the direction indicated by the
arrow in Fig. 3. During this movement the eccentric head of the arm 48 strikes
the crank 52, rigidly connected with the shaft 26 (Figs. 3 and 4), in consequence
of which the shaft 26 is rotated, the slide 15 is moved forwards, and conse-
quently the knotting tongs are firmly closed, the springs 53 on the backward
extensions 14 of the pistons being compressed.
In order, however, to maintain the firm closure of the knotting tongs also
when the finished knots are pushed down to the fabric, the crank 52, which other-
wise would leave the arm 48, and therefore move backwards, on the downward
movement of the carriage, is prevented from turning backwards by a nose 54
on a catch lever 55, which is pivoted to the support, as shown in Fig. 4.
The catch lever 55 engages in the slotted rod 56 suspended from the three-
armed lever 46, 47, 48, by means of a pin, which moves downwards in the slot
of the bar 50 when the carriage 16 descends. Shortly before the finished knot is
pushed down to the fabric, the pin of the catch lever 55 is held back by the lower
end of the slot in the bar 56, in consequence of which the catch lever 55 is
turned upwards and its nose 54 liberates the crank arm 52, the knot being pushed
quite up to the fabric at this moment.
The up-and-down movement of the carriage 10 is effected from the main
shaft 17 by means of the cam 57 (Figs. 1, 5, and 12), the roller lever 58, the
draw rod 59, the chain 60, the chain-pulleys 62 located on the shaft 61, and the
chain 63. The opening of the feeding tongs is effected by means of the tappet
shaft 64 (Figs. 3 and 20), on which acts a spring 65, which has a tendency to
rotate the shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 20. The back-
wardly extending arms of the movable parts of the tongs strike, during the back-

page_text: ward movement, against the tappet or nose of the shaft 64, rotate this shaft
against the action of the spring until these arms pass over the nose and the
latter again springs forward under the action of the spring 65. During the
forward movement, the said arms pass over the tappet shaft, the feeding
tongs are thereby opened, and are kept open until the arms have passed entirely
over the nose, whereupon the tongs are again closed by means of the springs 31.
The bands 66 that contain the small pieces of thread to be knotted, consist of
two pairs of warp-threads arranged parallel to each other at a certain distance
apart, of which the two threads of each pair are twisted, so that they hold the
small pieces of wool inserted between them near their ends with sufficient firm-
ness, but in such a manner that they can easily be drawn out. These bands 66
are rolled up on the rollers 67, which are threaded upon a shaft 69 carried by the
levers 68. On the pivotal shaft of the levers 68 which extends over the
breadth of the loom, there are keyed two downwardly extending arms 70 which
havé, near their lower ends, slots in which a rod 71 is mounted so as to he
movable transversely in relation to the loom. On this rod, which, as shown in
Fig. 8, consists of two pieces connected together, are screwed a number of bear-
ing arms 72 (Figs. 1, 23, and 24), each of which carries two small cord
pulleys 73, and two angular feeling levers 74.
The short arm of each of these levers is forked in order to allow of the passago
of the longitudinal threads (which hold the small pieces of thread) of the bands.
whilst the longer and upwardly extending arm has, at its upper end, a broadened
Over the
head, which, as shown in Figs. 1 and 23, bears against the bar 71.
two-armed levers 74 are arranged two rollers 75, which extend over the breadth
of the loom and are provided with toothed wheels and which are mounted in two
swing levers 77 located loosely on the shaft 76. The shaft 76 is mounted on
the lever arms 70, one of which, on being swung forward, operates, by means of a
cord 78 fastened to the standard of the loom, a ratchet apparatus 79 by means of
which the two rollers 75, whose toothed wheels gear together, are rotated back-
wards in such a manner that the pattern bands 66 carried over the pulleys 73 and
rollers 75 are moved further by the distance between two small pieces of thread
(Fig. 1).
The longitudinal threads remaining after drawing the small pieces of thread
out of the pattern-fabric bands, are conducted to a bobbin arrangement (Figs. 1
and 8). which is arranged over the rollers 75 and is fastened on the arms 70, and
which has double as many bobbins 80 as there are pairs of knotting tongs. The
bobbins are loose on the spindles, and are rotated merely by friction. They are
driven by means of an endless chain 81 from the chain-wheel 82, which receives
its rotation through the ratchet-wheel 83 and the pawl 84 carried by a ratchet-
lever which is connected by the rod 85 with the standard of the knotting loom
in such a manner that when the arm 70 swings forward, the ratchet pawl rotates
the chain-wheel 82. From the chain-wheel shaft, by means of toothed gearing
(see Fig. 8), a worm 86, and a worm-wheel 87, there is rotated a cam SS on
which slides the roller of a lever 90, which is at 89 and whose longer arm carries
a fork 91, in which is inserted the threadguide 92 consisting of a rod, as shown
in Fig. 11. As three such thread-guides are provided, there are also arranged
three forked levers 90, 91, which rise and fall simultaneously during the rotation
of the cam 88. The middle thread-guide effects the winding up upon the two
middle rows of bobbins (Fig. 1), and the two outer thread-guides that upon the
outer rows of bobbins.
By means of the rod 92*, the lever 93, and the connecting rod 94, the motion
of the right-hand forked levers 90, 91 is transferred to the corresponding forked
levers of the left-hand side of the loom.
The oscillatory motion of the arms 70 is obtained from the chain-wheel 35
located on the shaft 37. This chain-wheel carries a pin 95 (Figs. 1, 6, and 20)
which engages in the slotted lever 96 and oscillates the same. This motion is,
as shown in Fig. 6, transferred further to the arms 70 by means of the shaft 97,

page_text: the lever 98, and the draw rods 99 (Figs. 1 and 20). In the framework of the
loom there is further mounted' to rotate, a double-armed lever 100, whose longer
front arm and whose shorter rear arm carry respectively two stepped: abutting
surfaces (Fig. 20) and a projection which bears against a projection of the curved
piece 101 keyed on the shaft 97, and is consequently held in a definite position.
When the arm 70 swings backwards, at the end of its movement it is stopped
by the first abutting surface 102 of the lever 100, whilst the draw-rod-99, in con-
sequence of its longitudinal slot, can still continue its backward motion; during
which also the curved piece 101 is further turned and, liberates the lever 100 with
its projection, in' consequence of which the arms 70 become free fandyare swung
backwards by their own weight (towards the right in Fig. 1) until they become
stopped by the second abutting surface 103 of: the lever 100 (see position! shown
in Fig 1).
31
"
J
In order to bring the knotting tongs, the feeding tongs, and the bands always
opposite to the pairs of warp threads that are to be provided with "knots and
which are arranged vertically and close together the said parts inust be capable
of being moved to and fro transversely in relation to the loom.
This lateral motion is effected from the vertical controlling shaft 104 and is
transferred bv means of a chain-drum 105 and chains 106 (Figs 6 and 12) to
the support 1, and further, by means of the chain-drum 107 and the chain 108
(Fig. 6), to the angle-iron bar 109, which extends 'over the breadth of the loom
and is mounted so as to be movable in the standards, and from this the said
lateral motion is transferred by means of the arm 110 to the rod 71 on which
it bears, whereby the lateral movement of the pattern bands 66 is produced.
The lateral movement of the feeding tongs is, as shown in Fig. 20, effected by
means of the angle-iron bar 109 in the following way: each arm 111 (on each
side of the loom) which is connected with the angle-iron bar 109 and loosely
surrounds the shaft 34, moves laterally, during the shifting of the bar 109, the
arms 33, the bar 32, and consequently the feeding tongs.
The chain-drum 105 for shifting the support is not rigidly keyed on the con-
trolling shaft 104, but is rotated thereby by means of sliding keys because the
chain-drum moves up and down with the carriage 16,
T
The controlling shaft must execute an oscillatory movement in accordance with
the lateral movement of the tongs apparatus and of the pattern bands. This is
effected by means of the following controlling arrangement:-
brttc
The controlling shaft 104 carries, as shown in Figs. 3, 6, and 12, a larger
cone 113, which is connected by a chain with a smaller cone 114. On the shaft
of this smaller cone is a ratchet-wheel 115 (Figs. 21 and 22) which is rotated,
alternately in the one and the other direction, from the main shaft 17,
by means of the grooved cam disc 116 and the two-armed slotted lever 117. For
this purpose, the slotted lever 117 is connected by means of the rods 118 with
the corresponding ratchet-levers 119, whose pawls 120 engage alternately in
ratchet-wheel 115.
Since there should always be only one pawl acting, the secondly liberated pawl
must be engaged at the moment when the first is liberated,' so that the ratchet-
wheel and the parts in connexion therewith will be rotated in the opposite direction
to the previous rotation.
As mentioned in the commencement of this specification, the small pieces of
thread are drawn out of the bands 66, and, in connexion with this, after each
knotting of a knot the tongs and the bands 66 are shifted laterally by the dis-
tance of the pairs of knot threads from one another. When the last knot of a
row has been knotted, the tongs and the bands have not to be pushed back
laterally. as the first knot of the next row has to be 'knotted on the same pair
of warp threads as the last knot of the preceding row.
If, therefore, each pair of knotting tongs has, for example, to knot eight knots,
the said parts (the tongs and the bands) need to be shifted only seven times,

page_text: because they already stand at the correct place for the first knot of the succeed-
ing row.
The reversing of the pawls 120 is effected as follows:-
The ratchet-wheel 115 carries two small disengaging pawls 121, which are
under spring pressure and which, whilst ratchet action is proceeding, approach
the pawl for the time being in operation. As soon as one pawl 120 (for example,
the lower pawl in Fig. 22) is to cease to operate, the corresponding (that is to
say, next) disengaging pawl 121 has come so near to this pawl 120 that the
former, on the backward motion of the ratchet-lever 119, engages in the toothed
arc 122 rigidly connected with the corresponding pawl, and presses outwards,
in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 22), and consequently disengages,
this pawl, whilst at the same time the second (upper) pawl is brought nearer to
the controlling or ratchet wheel 115, in consequence of its jointed connexion by
means of the bent bar 123. During the next ratchet action, the first (lower)
pawl 120 is still further removed, but the other (upper) pawl 120 is brought into
engagement with the controlling wheel, in consequence of which. as is necessary,
the tongs and the bands are shifted in a direction opposite to the previous one.
The displacement of the warp threads 124 for the purpose of forming sheds
is effected by means of the laths 125 (Figs. 3 and 5), by means of leashes which
are guided at right angles round the bars 126, and each of which engages with
an eve a warp or knot thread 124. In order to keep the leashes guided hori-
zontal towards the warp threads in their positions, and to prevent them from
falling, each leash hangs with its eye on a holding cord 127 (Figs. 1 and 20),
which is connected to the rod 128 common to all the holding cords, as shown
in Figs. 20 and 29.
The raising of the laths 125 is effected by means of chains carried over chain-
wheels 129 (Fig. 5), draw rods 130, and chains 131, from the curved pieces 132,
which are loosely threaded on the shaft 133 and are provided on the other side
of the shaft with noses 134. Underneath the noses there is a card' chain 136,
which passes over the cylinder 135 and whose cards act upon the pawls 137.
When these pawls are raised by a card pin, they engage under the corresponding
noses 134. and effect, when the levers 138 that carry the pawls 137 are turned
towards the right (Fig. 5), a swinging of the corresponding curved pieces 132 that
causes the raising of the laths, whilst the bent pieces that correspond to the
pawls remaining in the position of rest, are not shifted and therefore the corre-
sponding laths remain at rést.
The pair of levers 138 carrying the pawls are keved fast on the shaft 133 and
carry this along with them as they are swung, whilst a second pair of such
levers 139 (Fig. 1) are loose on the shaft 133, since the right-hand side group of
laths (Fig. 3), which belongs to this second pair of levers, is to be independent
of the swinging of the shaft 133.
The strokes of the warp-threads 124 are of different lengths; during knotting.
they are less displaced, in order not to liberate the finished knots that are pushed
down to the fabric, whilst, during the insertion of the ground picks, the warp-
threads are displaced more, and at a time at which the knotting devices and the
main shaft 17 are at rest. As the two warp-threads of a pair of knot threads
-as appears from the subsequent description of the operation are not simul-
taneously raised, there are really provided two dobbies, which are independent
of each other, and of which each has its own operating cam 140 or 141 located
on the main shaft 17. During the knotting, the laths are raised from the main-
shaft by means of the said cams 140 and 141, the two-armed levers 142 (Figs. 1
and 5), the draw-rods 143, and the ratchet-levers 138, 139.
The first-displaced warp-thread of each pair of threads is operated by
the cam 140, which corresponds to the left hand side group of laths, and the sub-
sequently raised ones are operated by the cam 141 belonging to the right-hand
side group of laths.
For the formation of sheds for the ground-picks, there are provided two special

page_text: cams 144 and 145 (Figs. 1 and 5), which effect a greater displacement of the
warp-threads, and which are keyed upon a common shaft 146 and likewise
operate the levers 142. On this cam shaft 146 there is rigidly secured a coupling
part 147 (Figs. 1 and 2), which is operated by the driving wheel 149, in conse-
quence of the engagement of the second coupling part 148.
The coupling part 147, which is keyed fast, is provided with a projecting edge
with four notches, which are arranged at angles of 90° apart and in which
engages a nose 51 projecting over from the disengaging lever 150, and also with
two diametrically opposite noses 152. When the coupling part 148 (on the right
hand in Fig. 1) is engaged, the nose 151 abandons the notch in the projecting
edge of the coupling part 147 that is, keyed fast. This coupling part rotates,
and, since the nosd 151 engages in a hook-like manner over the projecting edge
of the fixed coupling part, the coupling part 148 remains engaged until the next
notch reaches the nose 151, and liberates this, in consequence of which the
coupling is disengaged by the shifting of the loose coupling part 148 towards
the right hand.
On the first engagement of the coupling 147, 148, the cam 145 comes into
operation, in consequence of which the second (right hand) group of laths is
raised and remains in the raised position in order, after knotting, to allow the
first of the ground picks that are to be inserted to enter. When the first ground-
pick has entered, then, for the purpose of closing the shed, the coupling part 148
is again engaged, and is held by the nose 151 engaging over the edge of the
fixed coupling part 147, until the next notch reaches the nose, and the disengage-
ment takes place. Immediately before this takes place, however, one of the
noses 152 comes within range of the engager 153 of a second coupling 154, 155,
in consequence of which this is automatically engaged, and effects the striking
up of the pick that has been put in, by means of the descending batten 156. The
first-named coupling 147, 148, on the contrary, remains at rest immediately after
the engagement of the batten coupling 154, 155. The batten 156 receives its
motion (as soon as the coupling 154. 155 has been automatically engaged in the
manner described) from the driving wheel 157 by means of the following
arrangement:-
The coupling part 154 is rigidly connected with a spur wheel 158, which
engages in a larger wheel 159 whose motion is transferred by means of the bevel-
wheels 160, 161 (Fig. 13) to the shaft 162, and, by means of this shaft, the
cam 163, the roller lever 164 (Fig. 3) the draw rod 165, and the crank 166, to
the rocking shaft 167 which extends over the breadth of the loom (Figs. 1, 3,
12. and 13). On this shaft are rigidly keyed two arms 168 which are on opposite
sides of the loom and which raise and lower the batten 156 by means of draw
rods 169 in the manner shown in Fig. 1. In order to enable one or two strokes,
as required, to be given to the pick that has been inserted, the two bevel
wheels 160 and 161 (Figs. 13 and 14), the diameters of which are related as 2
to 3. have projecting edges, provided with notches 170 and 171 respectively. in
which engage the screws 172 and 173 respectively of the disengaging lever 153,
which can be rocked about 174 (Fig. 13).
On the engagement of the coupling 154, 155, the screws are drawn out of the
notches 170, 171 in consequence of the shifting of the lever 153; during this, the
full edges, over which the screws 172, 173 engage, prevent the backward move-
ment of the lever 153 until both the screws, after the rotation of the bevel-wheels,
simultaneously engage in the two slots. This does not occur, however,
until the smaller bevel-wheel 160 has made three revolutions, and the larger
bevel-wheel 161, two revolutions, during which, consequently, two strokes of the
batten have taken place. When however, the screw 172 is removed from the
coupling engager 153. this is held merely by the edge of the bevel-wheel 161
and is therefore freed on any rotation thereof, so that on the proper pick only
one blow of the batten takes place.
The warp-threads 124. which are wound-up on two beams 175 and 176 (Figs. 1

page_text: and 5) alternately, are led over the movably mounted rollers 177 and 178
through the eyes of the leashes connected to the laths, and over the temple 179,
and finally reach the carpet-beam 180, whose pins engage the finished carpet and
draw it along.
The warp-beams carry worm-wheels 181 and 182 respectively (Figs 1 and 5),
in which the worm 183 and 184 respectively engage. These worms are loose on
a common vertical shaft 185, which is driven by means of the bevel-wheels 186,
187, whose motion is obtained from the driving wheel 149 by means of the rope
pulley 188 and the rope 189.
The worms are provided, at their lower ends, with coupling parts, in which
can engage the coupling parts 190 and 191, which are driven by the shaft 185 by
means of sliding keys.
In the coupling parts 190 and 191 engage thd coupling forks 192 and 193,
which are connected, as shown in Fig. 5 by. means of rods, with the tension-
roller levers 194 and 195, which are loaded with weights. When the warp 124
is being worked forward and drawn along, the tension-roller levers 194 and 195
are displaced and the coupling parts 190 and 191 are brought into engagement
with the coupling parts on the worms 183 and 184. The warp is now wound off
until the tension-roller levers are again turned back into their original position
and the coupling is consequently again disengaged.
The temple consists of a shaft 179, which extends over the working breadth
of the loom and is provided with steel points, and whose supporting arms 196 are
fastened on the shaft 197, which extends over the breadth of the loom, and the
outer frames of the standards. The shaft 197 is operated by the main shaft 17
by means of the roller lever 198 and the cam 199.
rotate
The insertion of the ground weft is effected by means of the shuttle 200, which,
in accordance with the vertical position of the warp, must give off the weft
thread downwards. The shuttle has, on the one side, a vertical, and on the
other side an inclined, side wall (Fig. 10). In each of these side walls there
are inserted two rollers, on which the shuttle slides through the shed between the
walls of the shuttle box 210 that are parallel to the shuttle walls, and the
walls 202 of the batten 156. The movement of the shuttle is effected by means
of the picker 203 and the picking lever 204, which is moved quickly inwards by
a spring 205. On each side of the loom there is mounted to
on the standards such a picking lever, which near to its pivotal bolt has a nose
by means of which the picking lever is moved outwards by a lever 206, (Fig. 8)
which is mounted on the same pivotal bolt and is likewise provided with a nose;
the spring 205 is thereby stretched. When in the outer extreme position (when the
spring 205 is stretched), the picking lever is held fast by a catch 207 (Figs. 9
& 10), which is provided on the shuttle box 201, and whose second lever arm
is connected by means of a cord with a lath of the group of laths (125) that
ascends during the formation of the ground shed. As soon as the laths have
reached their upper extreme position, the catch 207 is liberated by the drawing
of the cord, in consequence of which the spring 205 comes into operation, and
the shuttle is shot through the shed. The stretching of the picking spring on
the left-hand side of the loom is effected, as is apparent from Figs. 15 and 16,
from the batten shaft 167 by means of the slotted arm 208.
On the shaft of the carpet beam 180 there is a bent lever 209, whose upper
arm ungages in the slot of the arm 208 by means of a roller, whilst the second
arm is connected by means of the connecting rod 210 with the bent lever 211,
from which the motion is transferred by means of noses to the left-hand side
picking lever 204 and by means of the draw rod 212 to the lever 206 and the
right-hand side picking lever.
The carpet beam 180 is driven from the cam 213 (Figs. 1 and 12) located on
the main shaft 17 by means of a worm regulator 267 of known kind.
For
The edge strips of the carpet are likewise made in a mechanical way.
the formation of the shed a small dobby is used, which comprises lifter levers 215

page_text: which are loose on the shaft 214 (Fig. 5) and are connected by means of cords
with the warp threads belonging to the edge strips. The..lifters. are shifted by
means of the cards of the card chain 216, whose cylinder. 217 is 'mounted on..the
one arm of a bent lever 218 which is located on the shaft 214 (Figs. 1 and 5)
and whose second arm is connected by means of a rod 219 with a lever 220, which
is pivoted to the standard, and which, by means of a sliding roller, engages in the
slotted lever 221. As this lever 221 is rigidly fixed on.. the shaft 133 of the
curved lever 132 that causes the raising of the laths, the edge-strip dobby 214-218
is driven simultaneously with the large dobby 132-137. During the working
of the ground shed, the edge-strip dobby should not work, and this is effected
by means of blank cards-that is to say, cards that have no lifter-displacing pins
For the insertion of the weft for the edge-strips there is arranged at each side of
the loom a figuring shuttle 222 (Figs. 15 and. 16) in a movable shoe 223 (Fig. 17),
which encloses the shuttle only loosely and moves it to and fro in the slide-
way 224. The two shoes of the two sides of the loom are connected together. by
means of a rod 225, which receives its backward and forward motion from the
shaft 37 of the tongs arrangement. For this purpose the following arrangement
is provided:-
-
On the end pin of the shaft 37 there is screwed a sleeve 226, on whose turned
down necks are loosely placed two levers 227, which have, in their inner end sur-
faces, which are turned towards each other, helical surfaces 228, and connected
therewith, in each case, a shoulder 229 (Figs. 18 and 19).
The levers 227 are connected by means of rods 230 with the three-armed oscil-
lating lever 231, whose middle arm carries, in common with an oscillating arm 232
of equal length, a connecting rod 233, which engages the bar 225 by means of
a fork 234 fastened to its inner end, and moves the bar 225 to and fro in its
longitudinal direction, whereby the figuring shuttle is moved.
1 95
The sleeve 226 has, between the two necks, a sliding key for moving with it
the sliding piece 235, which is placed upon it and which is provided at both
sides with helical surfaces 236 and two shoulders 237, which correspond to the
surfaces and shoulders of the levers 227.
When the shaft 37 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 18,
then, according to the position of the sliding piece, one or other of the shoulders
thereof for example, the (in Fig. 19) right-hand side shoulder 237-strikes
against the shoulder 229 of the right-hand side lever 227, and takes this with it,
in the direction indicated by the arrow, whereby the lever 231 is finally brought into
the position shown in Fig. 16. During the backward motion of the shaft 37, the
(right-hand side) helical surfaces 228 and 236 slide apart, whereby the sliding
piece is displaced axially and moved to the other (left-hand) side (position shown
in Fig. 19). If, now, the shaft is again rotated, as at the commencement, in the
direction indicated by the arrow, the (left-hand side) shoulder 237 strikes against
that of the left-hand side lever and takes this with it in the direction indicated
by the arrow, whereby the lever 231 is brought into the other extreme position.
During the backward rotation of the shaft 37, the sliding piece 235 is again dis-
placed towards the right-hand side, so that, during the rotation of the shaft
in the direction indicated by the arrow, the first (right-hand side) lever is again
taken along in the direction indicated by the arrow, and so on. The shuttle is
therefore displaced, as required, alternately from right to left and from left to
right.
The loom is started by engaging the main coupling 238, 239 (Figs. 1 and. 12)
arranged on the main shaft 17, by means of the lever 240, the connecting rod 241
(Fig. 12), the bent lever 242, and the handle bar 243. The motion of the
coupling part 239 is transferred to the toothed wheel 149 by means of the train
of wheels 244, 245, 157 and the coupling wheel 247. The second coupling
part 250 belonging to the coupling wheel 247, is keyed on the main shaft 17, and
rotates this by means of the sliding keys, as soon as this coupling part 250 is
pushed up to the coupling wheel 247, by means of the disengaging lever 251.

page_text: The coupling part 250 has, as shown in Fig. 12, at a definite position of its
periphery, a notch 252 in which engages the lug 253, which is fastened on the
framework of the loom and holds the coupling fast as soon as it has been put
into engagement, whilst the main shaft makes one revolution, during which a
knot is knotted.
Since a row has a definite number of knots-for example, as assumed, eight
knots therefore with this arrangement the loom would be stopped after each
knot. In order to prevent this, and to cause the loom to be stopped only after
the knotting of the last knot of a row, the disengaging lever 251 is provided at
its end, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, 12, and 22, with a fork 254 which has a wedge-
shaped end which can be pushed under a knob 255 provided at the top of a
pin 256, so as to raise the latter. This pin is loosely surrounded by the
arm 257 of the bent lever 257. 258. whose second arm 258 has a step which bears.
against a projection 261 of the disengaging lever 251, and therefore can hold
this lever fast in the position in which the coupling 247, 250 is engaged.
The ratchet-wheel 115 (Figs. 12, 21, and 22) carries two screwed-on noses 259
and 260, which, at the conclusion of each row of knots, alternately come within
the range of the pin 256. and turn the bent lever holding fast the disengaging
lever. in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 12, in consequence of which
the disengaging lever 251 becomes free.
On the disengagement of the coupling 250, 247, the disengaging lever 21
is moved in such a manner that the wedge-shaped fork 254 is pushed under the
knob 255 of the pin 256, and this is raised and consequently brought outside the
range of the nose 260 (259). The bent lever 257, 258 is hereby turned in the
direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 12, so that it can again
hold the disengaging lever 251 fast during the next engagement.
When the loom is at rest. the lug 253 is in engagement with the notch 252 in
the coupling part 250. whilst the disengaging lever 251 is turned forwards (in
Fig. 12, downwards), during which the lever arm 258 of the bent lever 257, 258
bears against the pin 261 on the disengaging lever 251 in consequence of the pull
of the spring 262 connecting the arm 258 with the lever 251. When the loom
is put into oneration by moving the disengaging lever 251 backwards (in Fig. 12
upwards), the coupling part 250 is likewise moved backwards (in Fig. 12
unwards. in Fig. 1 towards the right) and therefore comes out of engagement
with the lug 253; simultaneously. the disengaging lever 251 is held fast by the
falling in of the bent-lever arm 258. The coupling is now held fast on the one
hand by means of the lug 253, and on the other hand by means of the disengag-
ing lever 251.
The movement of the working parts (tongs etc.) for the purpose of adjusting them
to the pair of warp-threads next to be knotted, takes place immediately after
putting the loom into gear. As, however, during the first revolution of the main
shaft, both of the pawls 120 are out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel 115,
there is, during the first revolution of the main shaft 17, still no shifting, as is
necessary, because the first knot of the commencing row is to be knotted to the
There is no
same pair of warp-threads as the last knot of the preceding row.
shifting in the corresponding direction until the second revolution of the main
shaft. During the shifting. for the last knot, the lever 251 is disengaged by
means of the ratchet-wheel 115 or the nose 260, and the loom would he stopped
before the last knot is quite knotted. The premature stopping is prevented
by means of the fixed lug 253, which keeps the loom in operation until the
coupling part 250 reaches the lug 253. with its notch 252, and can stop the loom
by the entry thereof under the influence of the spring 263. The operation of
the disengaging lever 251 is effected by means of a double lever 264 (Figs. 6
and 12), a draw-rod 265, and a double lever with handle 266 (Fig. 12). The
warn-threads lying one behind another in the knotting tongs. lie, in the
finished fabric, side by side, and the first warp-thread that is laid into a pair
of tongs is, in the fabric, the right-hand warp-thread, and the secondly inserted

page_text: one the left-hand warp-thread, of a pair of warp-threads, if the fabric be regarded
on its rear side, which is turned towards the worker. In order to draw the
finished knots down to the fabric, the carriage 16 is lowered with the support 11,
during which a small displacement takes place between the knot and the pair
of warp-threads belonging thereto, in consequence of the stretching of the warp
so that when the knots have arrived below, the two warp threads are in the
middle of the same (Fig. 44). The pairs of threads already provided with knots
no longer receive motion through the leashes during the knotting of the next
knots, in consequence of which they also are not much loosened. When the
knotting tongs with the completely wound knots have reached the already
finished fabric, the knots, during the further downward motion of the carriage,
are firmly tightened; the knotting tongs are then immediately opened
and liberate the knots, whereupon the carriage descends again a still further
distance. In order to prevent, during the upward movement thereof, the rubbing
of the knotting tongs on the finished knots, whereby these might be loosened,
the automatic temple 179 receives a small movement outwards (in Fig. 13, down-
wards), whereby the finished fabric is removed a little from the carriage, and this
can rise without touching the good.
The mode of operation of the knotting loom described is as follows:-
Each warp-thread of each band 66 is carried through the slot of a feeling
lever 74, thence round the small pulleys 73, upwards over the rollers 75, and
onwards to a bobbin 80. In consequence of the outward movement of the lever
arm 70 that has previously taken place, the rollers 75 and also the bobbin
arrangement have been moved on, and the last and lowest small piece of wool
of each band 66 has been pressed against the lower arm of the corresponding
feeling lever 74, the second lever arm of each lever 74 being pressed against
the band 66 and holding this fast. In the meantime, the feeding tongs 30 have
reached their highest position, have opened during the commencing backward
movement in consequence of the action of the tappet shaft 64, and have each
grasped a small piece of wool, whereupon they close during their further move-
ment in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 29, draw out the small
pieces of wool from the bands 66, and feed these to the knotting tongs 1, 2.
The carriage 16 has, in the meantime, arrived above, and remains at rest.
One of the warp-threads 124 of each pair of threads to be knotted, has been
drawn by a lath of the first (left hand) group of laths, into the helically wound
part (5) of the slot of the corresponding pair of knotting tongs (Fig. 30), where-
upon this is rotated through 180°, and the warp-thread is drawn backwards, by
the helical part 6 of the piston slot, a further distance (Fig. 31). The second
warp-thread of each pair to be knotted is now introduced, by a lath of the second
(right-hand) group of laths, into the groove of the corresponding pair of knot-
ting tongs 1, 2, which has been rotated through 180°.
The feeding tongs 30, with the small pieces of wool, are, in the meantime,
forced into the knotting tongs, and press the pistons 2 backwards in the knot-
ting tongs, into which the small pieces of wool are inserted. -
On the entry into the cylinder 1 of each pair of knotting tongs, the ends of
the small piece of wool have been bent backwards, but have immediately, during
the further movement of the feeding tongs into the cylinder 1, straightened out
again owing to the perforations 9 and 10 in the cylinder, whereupon the feeding
tongs begin their backward movement and the small piece of wool is carried
backwards, with repeated bending, in the opposite direction until its ends are
pressed and held fast against the front walls of the cylinder by the piston of the
knotting tongs, being drawn out during the further backward movement (out of
the cylinder) of the feeding tongs by which they have been only loosely held
(Fig. 32).
At the same time the firm closure of the piston is effected by the pushing of
the carriage 15 outwards, whereby the small piece of wool is held still more firmly
than is the case during the simple closure of the piston.

page_text: The small pieces of wool are, whilst being drawn out of the bands, not engagéd
by the points of the feeding tongs, but further backwards thereof, in consequence
of which each piece is held fast only at the ends by the corresponding piston 2
(following the feeding tongs) of the knotting tongs, so that the middle portion of
the small piece of wool stands out of the knotting tongs and forms a small bow
(Fig. 41). This bow is necessary in order to enable a loop to be formed round
the warp-thread during the subsequent twisting of the small piece of wool,
When the small pieces of wool are held fast by the knotting tongs, the warp-
thread that in each case has been the second to be drawn into a pair of corre
sponding knotting tongs, leaving the corresponding tongs, is brought back into
its original position, but is hindered in its further movement by the small piece
of wool which is held fast by the knotting tongs.
As soon as one warp-thread of a pair has left the corresponding pair of knot-
ting tongs, the latter is rotated backwards again through 180°, in consequence
of which the small piece of wool held fast by it forms a crossed loop around the
warn-thread that has already left the knotting tongs, as shown in Fig. 42. By
means of the backward rotation of the knotting tongs the first warp-thread is
also brought back through the twisted slotted part 6 into the straight slotted
part 4, so that this thread first lies in the angle formed by the crossed ends of
the small piece of wool, (Fig. 42), and then through the tension of the warp,
returns into its original position beside the second warp-thread, bending the piece
of wool and finishing the Persian knot, so far as to enable it to be drawn up to
the finished fabric, as shown in Fig. 43.
For the purpose of drawing the knots up to the fabric, the entire carriage 16.
with the support 11, is moved downwards, takes with it, during this, the finished
knots, and pushes them firmly against the finished fabric. The catch lever 55
(Figs. 3 and 4). which holds the crank 52 fast, whereby the knotting tongs are
compelled to hold fast the knots. slides freely downwards, during this movement,
with its pin in the slotted rod 56, until the knots are drawn firmly against the
fabric at this moment the pin of the lever 55 has reached the end of the slot,
in consequence of which the lever 55 is shifted, so that the crank 52 is dis-
engaged and the knots are liberated from the knotting tongs.
Whilst the carriage 16 moves downwards still further, the temple 179 moves
outwards with the finished fabric and remains in this position until the carriage,
during the next movement, rises again, and the knotting tongs have passed the
finished fabric without touching it.
When the last knot of a row is knotted, the loom is automatically stopped by
the disengagement of the coupling 247, 250 and the carriage 16 iemains in the
lowest position (Fig. 29).
During the knotting of one row of knots by means of the knotting
tongs. there are simultaneously formed the edge strips of the carpet. The
warp-threads thereof are displaced by the small dobby (214–219) and the weft
is inserted by means of the shuttles 222. This work is executed by the loom at
the moment at which the feeding tongs insert the small pieces of wool into
the knotting tongs.
For the purpose of inserting the ground weft, the coupling 147, 148 is put
into engagement, the cam 145 comes into action, and the second group of laths
is raised and remains in the raised position, whereby the shed is formed. As
soon, however, as thet laths have reached the highest point, the catch 207 which
holds the picking lever 204 with the spring 205 stretched, is liberated by one
of them and the shuttle is shot through the opened shed. Hereupon the
coupling 147, 148 is again put into engagement, in consequence of which the
shed is closed, but simultaneously the batten coupling 154, 155 is put into
engagement and the inserted pick is struck up to the finished knots of the last
row by the lowering of the batten 156. In accordance with the adjustment of
the machine, one or two blows of the batten 156 are made, whereupon the
coupling 154, 155 is disengaged and the batten remains in the raised position.

page_text: In the same way, in consequence of the repeated engagement of the
coupling 147, 148, there is effected the insertion of the second ground pick, only
with the difference that the first pick is inserted tight, whereas the second is
inserted wavy, the wavy position of the pick being produced by hand. In con-
sequence of the fact that the second pick is inserted slack, the right-hand knot-
ting threads (warp-threads) come to stand behind the left-hand threads, as shown
in Fig. 45, so that firm knots result. Care must, therefore, be taken that the
left-hand threads are always displaced with the first shed formation, so that the
wound knots are not drawn tight up against the finished fabric until after the
insertion of the first ground pick, the right-hand threads being pressed backwards
by the tiohtly inserted pick. If the other shed were first made, the right-hand
warp-threads would pass before the left-hand ones, and the knots would therefore
have little hold. The firmness of the knots depends, consequently, mainly upon
the more or less tight insertion of the first pick, the correct shed formation, and
the closeness of the warp.
When the two ground picks have been inserted, the knotting of the next row
can be begun by engaging the coupling 247, 250.
Knotting is effected in the manner described alternately, each row of knots
being knotted in the opposite direction to the previous one and the ground picks
being inserted until the carpet is finished. According to this process, carried out
with the help of the loom arrangements described, the turnout may be twenty
fold that which has hitherto been produced by hand labour.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The mechanical production of knotted Persian carpets in which each of the
small pieces of thread for forming the knots is drawn out in succession from hands
containing them in the colour order corresponding to the design to be produced,
is then engaged at two places near its ends, and is laid in a bow or curve around
one warp-thread of the corresponding pair of threads to be provided with knots,
whereupon, by the crossing of the ends of the small piece of thread, a simple
loop is formed around this warp-thread, and the Persian knot is then completed
by loosening the second knot thread located behind the crossed ends of the small
piece of thread, and is then pushed down to the finished fabric, whilst during
the knotting of a row of knots, the edge strips are simultaneously woven and,
after the knotting, two ground picks are inserted, one tight and the other wavy
by hand, and finally, after striking up the second ground pick, the knots
of the next subsequent row are knotted in the opposite direction.
2. A weaving and knotting loom for producing Persian carpets according to
Claim 1 comprising
(a) a series of pairs of knotting tongs which are mounted in a support 11
movable transversely in relation to the. loom and carried by a carriage 16
that can be moved up and down, and each of which consists of two parts-
viz., an outer cylindrical sleeve 1 and an inner piston 2-which are slotted
axially in such a manner that the slot (3, 5, 7: or 4, 6, 8) of each part is
first of all (at 3 or 4) straight, is then wound (at 5 or 6) helically through
180°, and is finally (at 7 or 8) carried further straight-in the piston only
a short distance, but in the cylinder a further distance; and
(6) a feeding apparatus which can be moved along the arc of a circle
upwards and downwards, and which consists of a number of pairs of feed-
ing tongs 30, which are arranged in accordance with the pairs of knotting
tongs 1, 2, can be closed by springs 31, and are to be opened by the action of
a tappet shaft 64, and which draw the small pieces of wool out of the
hands 66 that are held in the correct position by means of feeling levers 74,
and feed them to the pairs of knotting tongs 1, 2, whilst the succeeding
small pieces of wool of the bands 66 are drawn forwards by the warp-threads

page_text: of the bands 66 that are running down and have been deprived of their small
pieces of wool, and which are led over two rollers 75, mounted on swinging
levers 77, to a bobbin arrangement which is driven by means of chain-gear
and whose bobbins 80 are rotated by means of friction.
3. In a knotting and weaving loom according to Claim 2, an arrangement for
laterally shifting the entire tongs apparatus and the bands 66 by the distance
between two pairs of knot threads alternately in the one and in the other
direction, comprising two cones 113, 114 connected by chains, of which the
latter (114) is connected with a ratchet wheel 115 whose two pawls 120 are
engaged and act alternately during the forward and backward movements of the
ratchet wheel 115, whose motion is transferred to the controlling shaft 104 carry-
ing the other cone (113) and thence by means of suitable transmitting parts
(chains, catches, etc.) to the tongs apparatus (1 and 2, and 30 respectively) and
to the bar 71 carrying the feeling levers 74.
4. In a knotting and weaving loom according to Claim 2 a double dobby (132
-139) which is connected with laths 125 to be displaced alternately and is
operated for the knotting and for the formation of the ground shed from two
different shafts (17 and 146 respectively) by means of cams 140, 141 and
144, 145 respectively, acting on the common operating lever 142, and which com-
prises a number (corresponding to the number of laths) of bent levers 182, whose
noses 134 are moved or not by pawls 137 mounted on pairs of levers 138 and 139,
and consequently raise the lathis or leave them in the position of rest, according
to whether the said pawls are operated or not by the pins of the cards 136.
5. In a knotting and weaving loom according to Claim 2, an arrangement for
inserting the ground weft, consisting of the slide-way of the shuttle boxes and
the batten 156, formed by a vertical and an inclined wall 201 and 202 respec-
tively, of a shuttle 200 running on rollers and of the picking device comprising
a picking lever 204 held, when its spring 205 is stretched, by means of a
catch 207 until the laths have reached their highest position, when the catch is
liberated by one of the raised laths and the shuttle is shot through the opened
shed.
6. In a knotting and weaving loom according to Claim 2, an arrangement for
automatically unwinding the two warps 124 from the warp beams 175 and 176,
comprising (a) wormwheels 181, 182, which are located on the shafts of the warp-
beams and in which engage worms 183, 184, which are loosely placed on a
shaft 185 driven by means of bevel wheels 186, 187 from the shaft 146, and are
provided with coupling parts whose appurtenant two coupling parts 190 and 191
respectively are mounted on the shaft 185 so as to be capable of being shifted
axially and are rotated by means of sliding-keys; and (6) two forks 192, 193,
which engage around these movable coupling parts and are suspended from the
longer arms of levers 194, 195 holding rollers 177, 178, and loaded with weights,
so that, during the working up and drawing forward of the warp 124, the roller
levers 194, 195 are shifted, and the coupling parts 190, 191 come into engagement
with the coupling parts on the worms 183, 184, and therefore unwind the warp
until the roller levers turn back again into their original positions and the
couplings are again disengaged.
7. In a knotting and weaving loom according to Claim 2, a figuring device for
the production of the edge strips of the carpet and comprising (a) a sleeve 226,
which is screwed on the end pin of the rocking shaft 37 and furnished at both
ends with turned-down necks for receiving two lovers 227, provided with helical
surfaces 228, and each with a shoulder 229, and (b) a sliding piece 235 which
can be moved axially on the sleeve 226 and is rotated thereby by means of a feather
and which is provided at its ends with helical surfaces 236 and shoulders 237
and is shifted towards one and the other of the levers 227 alternately in conse-
quence of the action of the helical surfaces 228 and 236 on one another and
rotates them along with it alternately by means of the shoulders, the alternating

page_text: motion of the levers 227 being transferred by means of connecting rods 230 to a
three-armed swinging lever 231 which moves the figuring shuttle 222 to and fro.
8. A loom for making carpets constructed, arranged, and operating as herein-
before described with reference to and shown in the drawings filed with our Pro-
visional Specification.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.