matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEAMS OR GIRDERS, FLOORS, AND ROOPS FOR FIRE-PROOF BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Marsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1868.
I, JOSEPH MARSDEN, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEAMS OR GIRDERS, FLOORS, AND ROOPS FOR FIRE-PROOF
BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in certain improved modes of con-
structing beams or girders, and in the mode of connecting them to the
pillars; the girders consist of a straight or slightly curved piece of T
iron forming the upper part, and a fish-bellied piece of T iron forming
the lower part, these two parts are united by vertical and diagonal
stays of angle or other shaped iron; at the ends of the girder are sheet
iron stays with semicircular ends fitting on the pillars and bolted
together. Another of my improved girders is formed of I iron and
trussed with T iron, or any other section of iron, the truss being stayed
by uprights rivetted or otherwise secured to the bottom flange of the I
iron, and to the midfeather or other part of the truss, which is secured
at each end to the I iron. The girder is provided with semicircular

page_text: ends as above described. The girders support joists made of rolled I
iron, the ends of which are connected together and to the girders by
angle iron brackets. The floors are made of segment shaped tiles, the
edges of which have projections and recesses fitting into cach other;
these tiles rest upon the lower flange of the I iron joists, and form self-
sustaining shallow arches; the joints of the tiles are made good with
cement and the space above them is filled up with concrete; the floor
may be boarded, flagged, or tiled, or the surface of the concrete may be
made hard and smooth to serve instead of other flooring. The above
tiles are made plain on both sides, or ribs are moulded on them to
increase their strength; floors for small rooms may be made. of the
abovo tiles without the girders and joists above referred to.
My improved mode of constructing floors may also be applied to the
construction of roofs by setting the I iron joists in a slanting position,
or the roof may consist of shallow arches or a single arch resting on 1
gutter beams connected together by tie rods, the tiles being glazed
externally and the joints made waterproof by cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS KNOWN AS CHINESE FANS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Neumann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1868.
I, JULIUS NEUMANN, of No. 2, Bedford Street, Bedford Square, London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS KNOWN AS CHINESE FANS," to be as follows:-
The fans which I have improved are known as Chinese fans; when
unfolded they have a circular shape and the appearance of a cockade }
those which I have improved are when folded entirely enclosed in a tube,
and they are brought out or re-entered by pulling a cord on one side or
the other.
My improvement consists in making the fan come out and unfold
automatically and instantaneously by the aid of two helical springs
placed within the tube or tubes (I have two tubes, one closing in the
other). I still make use of a cord in refolding and re-entering the fan.

page_text: These fans may be made of tough paper, of silk, or of any suitable thin
fabric, taking a rectangular piece upon which small, folds are made and
to which a curve is given by attaching the extremities to the end of
.the tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLOWS REGULATORS' FOR WATER- CLOSETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jason Eggleton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1868.
I, JASON EGGLETON, of 22, Old Town, Clapham, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELLOWS REGULATORS' FOR WATER-
CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of making "bellows regulators" of simple
"of
construction, and of materials of such a nature as to prevent their
getting out of order & being affected by damp or liability to decay.
These regulators are to be attached to the lever of the valve in the
usual way, and are to be constructed entirely of brass and india-rubber.
The spindle or rod which runs thro' the centre & the plates top and
bottom being of brass, and the intermediate or bellows portion being
of india-rubber; this combination forming an air valve. The valves
at present in use work in oil, and require great attention and replenishing,
and are very expensive.
My Invention being of a simple construction and so easily put
together renders it action safe and effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1868.
I, FREDERICK WARNER, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Engineer and Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining water.
For this purpose I form a bore hole into the earth and line it with
a light metal tube in the usual manner, taking care that the earth
is closely rammed in around the lining tube at the top. Within the
lining tube I insert a pipe reaching to the bottom of the hole or
nearly so. I prefer that the pipe should terminate a short distance
above the water level in the bore hole, so that the first action of the
pump may be partially to exhaust the air in the space between the
lining tube and the inner pipe; thus an imperfect vacuum is formed,
which tends both to suck water into the bore hole and to aid the
pump in its further action. An air-tight joint is made between the
lining tube and the pipe at or near the top of the lining tube, and
a pump is connected with the interior pipe, which is thus the suction

page_text: pipe of the pump; or the pump barrel may be at the lower end of
this pipe, which then becomes the rising main; or again the pump
barrel may be intermediate of the length of this pipe, dependent on
the distance from the surface at which the water stands in the
bore hole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR STOVES FOR BLAST FURNACES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Ford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1868.
I, BENJAMIN FORD, of Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the County of
York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR STOVES FOR BLAST FURNACES IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF IRON," to be as follows :-
In hot air stoves hitherto in use much inconvenience has been
experienced from the bending of the tubes or pipes used in heating the
blast, and thereby causing them to loose blast at the joints, and otherwise
destroy the efficiency of the hot air stove. Now to prevent this my
first improvement consists in making brackets or stays to project from
the walls of the hot air stove to the heating pipes in such a manner
as to prevent them from bending. In effecting this improvement I
prefer stoves which have one row of heating pipes placed between two
parallel walls, these walls being so close to the heating pipes as only
to leave space for a man to pass along between them, the end walls of
the stove being reserved for the fire-place and the flues to the chimney.

page_text: In hot air stoves hitherto in use great inconvenience is experienced
in removing a damaged pipe and fixing another in its place, the damaged
pipe having generally to be cut out of the socket at much expense of
time and labour. To obviate this I make the heating pipe of sufficient
weight to counteract the pressure of the blast, so that the pipe shall
remain upon its seat by its own weight. To assist in making the joint
blast-tight I use a layer of fire-clay or other suitable cement. To
remove a damaged pipe then it is obvious it is only required to lift
it from its seat without any cutting whatever, and another can be
fixed in its place at once.
Another plan I adopt to facilitate the removal of a damaged pipe
is to connect the pipe with the main by means of a separate ring, so
that one-half of the breadth of the ring shall overlap a part of the
main made to receive it, and the other half of the ring to overlap a
part of the end of the pipe, and then stemming the inside of the ring:
with rust or any other suitable cement so as to make the joint blast-
tight. By cutting the ring above-mentioned the pipe can at any time
be removed and a new one fixed in its place. For the purpose of
preventing injury to a stove by the temperature attaining too great a
height I employ the expansion of a rod of metal (or the expansion
of one of the heating pipes themselves) made to act upon a lever
which again acts upon a valve which shuts off the gas; or the lever
opens a cock, thereby blowing a whistle by which the attention of the
workmen is arrested. And further, through one of the pipes conveying
the hot blast I pass a small metal pipe carrying a current of water to a
reservoir in which is placed a thermometer. The hot blast acting on
the small metal pipo heats the water, and the thermometer by
showing the temperature of the water indicates whether the stove is in
danger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING LATHS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Hall Rolfe, of Hull, in the County
of York, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING LATHS."
Sealed the 5th May 1868, and dated the 17th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Hall Rolfe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th January 1868.
I, NICHOLAS HALL ROLFE, of Hull, in the County of York, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING LATHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of laths used for building
and other purposes from continuous sheets of wood (as produced in
scale board and veneer cutting machines) into strips of the desired
width to form the laths.
The improvements consist in incising the logs of timber at given
distances as they revolve in the veneer cutting machine, For this purpose

page_text: I mount a self-acting drum or roller over the logs of timber in the
machine, said roller being provided with a series of longitudinal pro-
jecting knives or cutters disposed radially thercon an inch or more
apart, which are brought to bear on the wood in motion so as to produce
lateral incisions on its periphery at the desired depth and distance apart
before it approaches the cutting knife of the machine, which then severs
the wood in the form of the lath or strip suitable for the purpose desired.
Motion is imparted to the cutter roller by means of endless screw gearing
mounted in upright framing at each side of the machine and connected
above by a cross shaft and bevil gearing. The endless screws carrying
the cutter roller are fitted to slide in grooves in the framing and move
together with the cross shaft above mentioned towards the centre of
the log at the same speed as the iron bed of the machine carrying the
knife moves in the same direction for severing the incised strips or laths
from the log. The log is mounted on centres in the machine and driven
in the usual manner, the rotation of the log imparting motion to the
cutters, which by means of the screw and bevil gearing driven at the
same speed as the knife gearing penetrate or produce the incisions in
the log as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS USED FOR HEATING AND LIGHTING, AND IN MEANS FOR HEATING BY GAS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd December 1868.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of 445, West Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS USED FOR HEATING
AND LIGHTING, AND IN MEANS FOR HEATING BY GAS," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I employ apparatus consisting of a cylinder which
is provided with two chambers at its lower part; into the lower chamber
is admitted air, and into the upper one gas. From the top of the lower
chamber rise pipes or tubes, which pass up to or through the top of
the gas chamber, a suitable annular space being formed around each of.
such tubes in the cover of the gas chamber. A combustion chamber is.
formed above the gas chamber, and a boiler above the combustion
chamber, through which boiler pass suitable tubes to carry off the
products of combustion, and such tubes rise up a certain distance above.
the water level, and immediately above such tubes are fixed one or more.
retorts. The products of combustion in passing up, through such tubes

page_text: first heat the water in the boiler and then the retort or retorts, and at
the same time superheats the steam arising from the water. This steam
and the products of combustion are caused to circulate through suitable
tubes for heating purposes; or the products of combustion may be
allowed to escape direct into the air. The water condensed from the
steam is returned to the boiler. Suitable pressure guages and safety
valves are employed, and the water level is maintained in the boiler by a
suitable head. If desired, the hot water may be caused to circulate
through the heating tubes and stand pipes or other means employed to
keep the tubes full of water and allow for expansion.
The gas generated as above described may also be used for lighting in
the ordinary manner.
The gas may be generated from any suitable material, but I prefer to
employ oil or bitumen for this purpose, the bitumen being melted by
the heat of the apparatus before passing into the retort. When such
materials are employed I regulate the supply to the retorts by means of
the gasometer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTERS' TYPE, NUMERALS, AND OTHER CHARACTERS AND DEVICES OR DESIGNS CAPABLE OF BEING PRINTED FROM
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Hannart and Nicolas
Alphonse Aubertin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th July 1868.
We, LOUIS HANNART and NICOLAS ALPHONSE AUBERTIN, the younger,
both of King Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PRINTERS' TYPE, NUMERALS, AND OTHER CHARACTERS AND DEVICES OR DESIGNS
CAPABLE OF BEING PRINTED FROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing printers' type in the fol-
lowing manner and by the following means, and the first part of these
improvements relates to cast metal type, and the second part to a
method of making type of wrought and rolled metal, the letters being
cut out by machinery:―
As regards type made by casting in moulds the improvement consists
in making a long pattern in wood or other suitable material or substance
with several separate letters thereon placed at suitable distances asunder
for the purpose hereafter stated. We prefer to make the pattern in the
form of a long trough, which when cast we place in a planing machine
and plane all the sides true and to a gauge; this done we cut or

page_text: divide the casting crosswise by a circular saw or other suitable means so
as to separate the letters, which are then ready to be set up by the
printer, each piece being as near as may be of the same size, so that
when set up they may present a flush surface.
And to make type of wrought metal we proceed as follows:-We take
a long strip of wrought metal and by means of rollers make it into a
trough shape somewhat like the letter U inverted, and having planed
this piece in the manner before stated we proceed to mark on the top
thereof the letters or other characters we require, and proceed to cut out
or remove the metal round and about the shape of the several letters or
characters by means of revolving and reciprocating cutting tools either
moved about the shape of the letters, or the letters moved to the
cutting tools, after which the letters are divided by the means before
stated ready for use. We use any metal suitable for printing from.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones Aston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1868.
I, JAMES JONES ASTON, of 4, Middle Temple Lane, London, Barrister-
at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to improved paddle wheels, whereby a
greater rate of speed may be obtained than hitherto practicable out
of the same power.
The improvements relate to the floats.
Fig. 1 of the annexed Sheets of Drawings shews two common floats,
and their inner ends marked respectively A are so placed that they are
always close to the vessel.
Two of my improved floats are shewn in Fig. 2, and it will be observed
that the inner ends of the floats nearest to the boat are curved and so
formed as not to work close up to the vessel like the ordinary floats.

page_text: One effect of my improved floats is that the water is not forced so
much against the sides of the vessel as by the ordinary floats, and the
speed of the vessel is thereby accelerated.
Another effect is that the vessel will be less shaken, as the floats enter
into and leave the water more gradually than the common floats.
Figures 3 and 4 shew other forms of my improved floats, and it is
obvious that they may be variously curved, angled, or formed.
My said Invention may be applied to feathering wheels, if desired.
AN IMPROVED SHIRT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Chevassu at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1868.
I, FRANÇOIS CHEVASSU, of Paris, Rue d'Aboukir, No. 99, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SHIRT," to be as follows:-
Hitherto persons who for the sake of health have worn a flannel vest
or waistcoat have worn over it an ordinary shirt of linen or like
material; the wearing of these two garments, especially in summer,
is inconvenient.
Now my Invention consists in making shirts the body of which is of
flannel, and in applying thereto a front of linen or like material with
the collar band of the same material. I also form the sleeves of flannel
and the cuffs or wristbands of linen or like material; or the sleeves
may be entirely of linen or like material, only the body of the shirt being
in this case of flannel. I thus make a sort of mixed shirt combining
the advantages of a flannel vest and an ordinary shirt. All the linen

page_text: parts are permanently joined to the flannel, the whole being washed
as one article. Sometimes, however, I make the wristbands independent
as well as the front, so that they may be changed if required, but
the linen collar band is in all cases permanently sewn to the flannel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DREDGER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Oliver Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1868.
I, HENRY OLIVER ROBINSON, of London and Glasgow, but at present
residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
DREDGER," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to dredging operations as usually performed
for deepening rivers or for forming or deepening roadsteads, harbours,
canals, and docks, and consists of a helical or spiral cutter placed in
and revolving in a cylinder and driven by a shaft actuated by a steam
engine. Attached to the upper end of the cylinder is a tube through
which the dredged material mixed with water passes or is driven
upwards, to assist which small screw propellers are made to operate within
the said tube. The cylinder with the spiral cutter and tube are placed
in a floating vessel in an inclined position, as in the common bucket
dredging machine, and the spiral cutter is urged against the bottom by

page_text: drawing forwards the said vessel in the usual way. The dredged
material is received in punts or run out to the bank through a tube or
conduit as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Death and John
Ellwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th September 1868.
We, EPHRAIM DEATH and JOHN ELLWOOD, both of Leicester,
Engineers and Co-partners, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a combination and arrangement of mecha-
nism for driving a pair of horizontal pumps by means of spur gear
combined with horse gear. For this purpose a spur wheel fixed on the
main vertical shaft is made to gear with a pinion suitably mounted, on
which pinion is formed a flange or disc crank connected by a pin to the
piston rods of the pumps, which pin traverses in a slot link between
and forming part of the two piston rods. By this means on the
revolution of the pinion a reciprocating motion is communicated to
the two piston rods simultaneously (without the aid of a connecting rod),
thereby causing the piston or plunger in one pump to draw, while the

page_text: other is caused to force water or other liquid as required. This
arrangement may also be applied to double-acting pumps.
In some cases instead of the slot link above referred to the crank
pin may be fixed to connecting rods for working the pistons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1868.
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to that part of machines for washing
wool and other fibrous materials which is used for the purpose of raising
the said materials from the washing trough. To accomplish this I
propose to use a travelling surface which extends at its lower part into
the trough, and towards which the material is conveyed by the ordinary
rake. In addition to this rake I employ another rake or rakes which
retain the material delivered to the travelling surface and accompany
the said surface parallel or nearly so thereto for a distance in order to
prevent the material from being floated back by the fluid. The aforesaid
travelling surface subsequently delivers the material to squeezing rollers
or other ordinary apparatus.
According to another arrangement I employ a travelling surface as
aforesaid in conjunction with a series of prongs, which when conveying

page_text: the material are thrust forward by cams or inclines, and after travelling
along with the said surface are withdrawn when the material has been
sufficiently removed from the fluid.
Another part of my Invention relates to the roller which is employed
for transferring the material from lifting cylinders to the travelling 5
surface which delivers it. For this purpose I employ a roller furnished
with vanes instead of the usual roller with a plain cylindrical surface.
AN IMPROVED CORK DRAWER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kilner, Frederick Henry
Oclce, and Edward Burns at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th July 1868.
We, JAMES KILNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and FREDERICK HENRY OCLEE, of Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, Dentist, and EDWARD BURNS, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CORK DRAWER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the drawing of corks from bottles, and it
consists of a peculiarly shaped instrument with an angular or bent
point, which we pass between the cork and the neck of a bottle, so
as to bring the angular or bent point of the instrument below the
cork, when by turning the instrument half a revolution the angular
or bent point is placed across the cork, and by withdrawing the instru-
ment the angular or bent point brings the cork along with it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th June 1868.-A communication from abroad by Ernest
Gabriel Roblin, of Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those fire-arms in which the barrels are
caused to tilt in order to allow of the insertion of the charge, and it
consists in constructing and arranging the parts as hereafter described
with reference to the annexed Drawings.
A, Figures 1 and 2, is a jointed or hinged metallic piece placed
under the barrels; it constitutes at the same time a breech, and has a
notch at the end of a semicircle near the hinge. C, Figures 3, 4, and
13, is a front piece of wood forming a prolongation of the butt; it
receives the piece A from its pivot to its extremity, and operates by
the semicircle of the picce A and the quarter circle cut in the wood or

page_text: butt, as shown. B, Figure 5, is a round steel bar, oval at one end and
terminated at the other end by three teeth b, b, b. The barrels (or
barrel) G, Figures 6 and 7, are fitted to the wooden piece C by means of
a tenon or lump and of an ordinary bolt or slide which the bar B
maintains in its normal position. D, Figures 8 and 9, is a finger piece
terminated at one end by a projection d having three teeth 6', b', b';
this finger piece is held to the barrel by a transverse screw; it is
intended to bear upon the teeth 6 of the bar B; its opposite end fis
enlarged to allow the finger to press above. E, Figures 10 and 11, is a
spring fixed to the barrels; it enters into the inner open part of the
finger piece D. A breech-piece formed with an oval hole receives the
enlargement of the bar B.
Figure 12 shows the gun put together or mounted. At H is the
wooden hinge or joint of the prolongation C of the butt. The bar B
slides in four tenons situated under the barrels in the channel hollowed
out in the piece A, and is fixed in the oval hole formed in the face of the
barrels (see Figure 7). The to-and-fro movement which effects the
tilting is obtained by pressing with the finger on the end of the finger
piece D, which causes the bar B to issue parallelly, being stopped by a
pin which is fixed to the barrels at the end of the last tenon. When the
barrels are lowered they are afterwards returned to position by allowing
the finger piece to escape, which being pressed by the spring E takes up
its recumbent position under the barrels.
By this improved construction of arm the lock is fitted at the front,
and the arm adopts the form of ramrod or muzzle-loading guns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND MODE OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING COLLISIONS BETWEEN TRAINS, MORE PARTICULARLY TRAINS FOLLOWING EACH OTHER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clifford Etches Winby and
Frederick Charles Winby at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th November 1868.
We, CLIFFORD ETCHES WINBY and FREDERICK CHARLES WINBY,
both of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS AND MODE OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING
COLLISIONS BETWEEN TRAINS, MORE PARTICULARLY TRAINS FOLLOWING EACH OTHER,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved means of preventing collisions
between trains travelling in the same direction at different speeds on the
same line of rails, by the use of which a guard or other person in charge
of a train can warn the driver of the train following of its proximity to
the train before it and at same time indicate the approximate space of
time that has elapsed since the passage of said train, and thus prevent.
accident by one train overtaking the other. For this purpose we
employ a peculiar mode of signalling of our Invention. The signal,.
which is to be dropped on the line by a train, is intended to burn for a
greater or less length of time, in the manner herein-after described, for the

page_text: protection of the train in advance. It consists of a paper or other case
or cartridge filled with combustible matter, and terminating in a suitable
fuse to be ignited by friction or otherwise. The combustible matter,
which may consist of ordinary colored fire, we arrange to burn several
colors successively; for instance, the signal may be made to burn with
first a red light for, say, two minutes, then with a green one for three
minutes, and after with a white light for five minutes, so that the driver
of a train would be informed according to the color burning of the
approximate distance in advance of the previous train. The signal is
more especially applicable for use by the guards or other persons in
charge of slow trains in cases where another train is known to be
following at a greater speed. When danger is apprehended the signal
is ignited by friction in the manner of a lucifer match by the guard and
dropped on the road, preferably through an inclined shoot or tube in the
guard's van.
IMPROVED MEANS OF DYEING WARPS OF WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Ingham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1868.
I, BENJAMIN INGHAM, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF DYEING WARPS OF WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the adaptation and use of the apparatus
now used in dyeing fabrics and technically known as the "jigger" for
the purpose of dyeing warps. This apparatus consists of a rectangular
box or vessel to contain the dye liquor, having a roller at each end out
of the vessel to wind the fabric on and off from one to the other; also
with one or more other rollers in the vessel to conduct the fabric through
the dye liquor. Now I find that by having these rollers (at the ends of
the vessel) fluted, and with a pair of deep flanges thereon, I can employ
the said vessel for dyeing warps, as by the first layer of the dyed warp
resting upon the points of the flutes the coloring matter is not pressed
out by the succeeding layers, as would be the case if the ordinary plain

page_text: rollers were used. In the using of this apparatus the warps are passed
off one roller through the dye liquor to the other roller and back
again as many times as is found necessary to produce the desired shade
of color.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMINGS AND JOINTS APPLICABLE TO BRIDGES, PIERS, Roors, VANS FOR RAILWAYS, AND GENERALLY FOR CARPENTRY, JOINERY, FURNITURE, AND FRAMING PURPOSES IN WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Louis Delabene Marsdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th December 1868.
I, HENRY LOUIS DELABENE MARSDEN, of Louth, in the County of
Lincoln, Surveyor and Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMINGS
AND JOINTS APPLICABLE TO BRIDGES, PIERS, Roors, VANS FOR RAILWAYS, AND
GENERALLY FOR CARPENTRY, JOINERY, FURNITURE, AND FRAMING PURPOSES IN
WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to wood, iron, and other metals, and to
other materials which can be jointed or framed together, and different
materials may be used in the same frame or joint. The transverse
section of the parts to be jointed together may be either three or four
sided, or polygonal, or circular, but the Inventor prefers the square form.
The construction of the joint or a portion of the frame is as follows:
Taking timbers of square transverse section as an example, namely,
two pieces are placed across each other and in contact and are then.
bolted, screwed, pinned, nailed, or otherwise rigidly fastened together,
a third piece is then placed in one of the angles formed by the inter-

page_text: section of the first two pieces having parts of two of its sides in close
contact with a portion of a side of each of the two first pieces. The
direction of the length of the third piece must be inclined to the direction
of the length of each of the other two, and not be parallel with it. Parts,
of which the transverse sections are of other forms, are united in a similar
manner. For greater strength of section each piece should be square,
and the direction of the length of the third piece perpendicular to the
directions of the lengths of the two first pieces, and all the three pieces
should cross one another at right angles, though in many cases it will
be necessary that the three pieces should cross one another at other
angles. These three pieces are thus rigidly united, and the same principle
is applied in the construction of the different parts of the frame either
alone or in conjunction with other methods of framing.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FANS OR APPARATUS FOR FORCING OR DRAWING AIR
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Watson Hughes, of 48, Porchester
Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FANS OR APPARATUS FOR FORCING OR DRAWING AIR."
Scaled the 5th February 1869, and dated the 10th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Watson Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th August 1868.
I, WALTER WATSON HUGHES, of 48, Porchester Terrace, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS OR APPARATUS FOR FORCING OR DRAWING AIR," to be
as follows:
I make a turbine or fan with two discs, the one solid or close, the
other open in the centre to admit the air. A ring is fixed round the
outside of this opening to the disc and revolves air-tight in an opening

page_text: in the front end of the casing. The spindle or shaft is fixed in the centre
of the solid disc, and passes through the opening in the other end of the
turbine or fan without being attached to it to an upright on which this
end of the spindle which carries the pulley turns. The other end of the
shaft or spindle revolves in a cross bearing fixed inside the casing. The
blades or fans may be of any number and any length or breadth required.
The diameter of the casing is greater than the diameter of the fan or
turbine, and increases as the blades are lengthened between the two
discs; say, if the fan is 20 inches diameter, and the length of the blades
between the two discs is 3 inches, then the diameter of the casing
will be from 25 to 26 inches. The length of the casing is considerably
greater than that of the fan, so that there is an air space of large
capacity at the back of the fan, and behind the cross bearing which
supports the inner end of the fan, shaft, or spindle. The air enters the
fan at the opening in the centre of the disc that revolves in the end of
the casing, and is pressed by the fan against the sides of the casing, and
the pressure being the same on the end of the casing, and the solid end
of the disc of the turbine as it is against the sides of the casing the air
is pressed or forced through the discharge pipe or pipes which are
connected with the air space at the back of the fan, in the same manner
as the water is discharged or driven through the discharge pipes on the
principle described in the Provisional Specification filed by me on the
28th day of March 1868, No. 1059.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1868.
I, THOMAS MILLS, of 20, Crescent Road, Plumstead, in the County
of Kent, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
I construct the fire-box of a boiler (preferably of the upright form)
of a coil or coils of tubes or tubing enclosed in a case, the fire being
contained within the said coil, the bottom of which coil is connected
by a tube or tubes brought down outside from the upper part of the
boiler, at the lower end of which tube or tubes is fixed a self-acting
valve placed in a horizontal position which allows the water to pass
on into the coil, the expansion of which water through coming in
contact with the heated tubing closes the valve after it has passed
through it (and thereby prevents a backward flow of water through
the outside tube) and forces the water and steam on through the coil
into the upper part of boiler again, after which the valve again opens
in consequence of the downward force of the water in the outside tube,
thereby creating a perfect circulation through the coil, the discharge

page_text: end of the coil being brought up inside through the bottom of the
upper part of the boiler above the water level. I can also supply the
coil with water by means of a pump worked by the engine (the stroke
of which pump can be altered according to the quantity of water
required to supply the boiler) and cutting off the other supply of water
from the coil by means of a cock fixed in the outside tube connecting
the upper part of the boiler with the lower end of the coil, thereby
feeding the boiler with water through the coil without reducing the
volume of steam in the least degree. This fire-box can be formed of
tubing made of iron, brass, or copper of any size or shape, which being
screwed or bolted into the bottom of the upper part of the boiler can
be easily removed for repairs, &c., when required. I can also make
.the grate or fire-bars of tubing which would form part of the coil.
In a boiler of this description steam can be raised immediately the fire
is lighted by admitting only a small quantity of water into the coil
through the outside tube which connects the upper part of the boiler
with the lower end of the coil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING THE BEARINGS OF THE SHAFTING JOURNALS OF MACHINERY AND OTHER JOURNALS OR BEARINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ramsden Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st December 1868.
I, THOMAS RAMSDEN SHAW, of Pendleton, in the County of
Lancaster, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING THE BEARINGS
OF THE SHAFTING JOURNALS OF MACHINERY AND OTHER JOURNALS OR BEARINGS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to line shafting and to the driving
shafts, crank shafts, and other shafts or journals of machinery, and con-
sists of a method of supplying the "steps" or bearings in which the said
shafts or journals revolve with lubricating material. On the bottom
step or the lower portion of each bearing I form a recess; or I form the
bottom step in two portions with a space between; or I form two or
more of the said recesses; or I form the said bottom step in three or
more portions, if found to be suitable in the case of long bearings. The
aforesaid recess or space or each of the aforesaid recesses or spaces is
made of a "semi-annular" form, or of a form approaching thereto, and

page_text: is provided with a suitable mouth or orifice, through which oil or other
lubricant may be poured into the said recess, and through which the
material next to be mentioned can be inserted or withdrawn, the said
In
mouth or orifice being by preference provided with a lid or cover.
the aforesaid recess I place a piece of sponge of a suitable form to fill or
nearly fill the said recess; or in lieu of the said sponge I employ
woollen, cotton, or other similar or suitable fabric, in which case I join
several thicknesses together in order to obtain a sufficient substance; or
I employ a fabric woven or formed into a band of comparatively great
thickness, as for example, three-quarters of an inch in thickness and one
inch in breadth, the said fabric being of a porous and absorbent nature
and formation, and a suitable length of the said fabric being inserted in
the aforesaid recess. A suitable quantity of the lubricant is then poured
into the said recess and is absorbed or partly absorbed by the sponge or
other afore-mentioned material, and as the said sponge or material is
when of suitable proportions in contact with the shaft or journal the
lubricant is gradually supplied to the surface of the said shaft or journal,
the said lubricant continuing to rise to the upper portion of the sponge
or other material by reason of the capillary attraction until the supply of
lubricant is to a certain extent exhausted. At suitable intervals the
aforesaid piece of sponge or other material is or may be withdrawn in
order that the impurities, consisting, as for example, of particles of metal,
and the thickened or viscid lubricant, should such be contained in the
said sponge or other material, may be discharged therefrom, after which
it may be replaced in the recess, or a fresh piece may be substituted for
the piece which has become foul, as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING STONE AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS. EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Graham Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on. the
14th May. 1868..
I, JAMES GRAHAM WALKER, of Bonnington Steam Mills, Bonnington,.
in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING STONE AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS. EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus to be used för-
dressing stone, marble, slate;. and' other rocks or material used for-
structural purposes or employed in parts of machinery or elsewhere..
The machinery used for that purpose is in chief part similar to that
for which Provisional Protection was applied for by James Graham.
Walker on the 6th day of May 1868, and numbered. 1492.. In place,
however, of actuating the mechanism solely by: an engine formed as.
part of or fixed to it the mechanism may be arranged without an.
engine attached, in which case the driving shaft with the cam affixed
thereto is actuated by a belt or by spur gearing, or by a pitch chain.
and wheels. The bed or slide upon which the dressing machine is:

page_text: carried is constructed either to rest on the material being dressed or
it may rest upon a table or other support in proximity to the material,
and the bed may either be horizontal, vertical, or situated at other
required angles. The saddle carries a cross slide on which a centre for
a moveable lever is fixed, and as the cam revolves the necessary
reciprocations of the lever which carries the dressing tool are effected,
the depth of cut being regulated by one or more set screws, and the
intensity of the blow being governed by springs, weights, or otherwise.
In place of being confined to the use of one lever and tool under
this Invention the employment of one or more levers and tools is
included.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR PROPELLING PERSONS IN THE WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mabson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1868.
I, JOHN MABSON, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
POR PROPELLING PERSONS IN THE WATER," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct an apparatus which when
fitted to a person's body will enable him to propel himself in the water.
My apparatus consists mainly of a flexible blade or surface shaped
like the tail of a fish. This blade is carried on the end of a longi-
tudinal beam, or bar, or tube, the opposite end of which is connected
to a belt to be passed round the waist or body. A cross beam, bar,
or tube is jointed to the longitudinal beam, and the ends of this cross
beam carry suitable appliances for securing the feet thereto. Rods lead
from the ends of the cross beam to the outer end of the longitudinal beam
near the blade. The longitudinal beam is jointed about midway between
the blade and the cross beam.

page_text: The action is as follows:-The wearer strikes out his feet alternately,
thereby causing the two ends of the cross beam to move in and out
alternately, while the rods leading from the ends of the cross beam to
or near to the blade cause the blade to oscillate or vibrate on the joint.
of the longitudinal beam; this oscillation or vibration of the blade
propels the person through the water.
DESTROYING THE DECAYING PRINCIPLE IN ANIMAL SUBSTANCES AND ARTICLES OF FOOD AND ORGANIC MATTER BY MEANS OF A RAILROAD ATMOSPHERIC PROCESS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick M Mahon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1868. A communication from abroad by Matilda Webb, of
Melbourne, and Charles Gavan Duffy, of Hawthorn, both in the
Colony of Victoria, Australia.
I, PATRICK MCMAHON, of 3, Johnson's Buildings, Temple, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"DESTROYING THE DECAYING PRINCIPLE IN ANIMAL SUBSTANCES AND ARTICLES OF
FOOD AND ORGANIC MATTER BY MEANS OF A RAILROAD ATMOSPHERIC PROCESS,"
to be as follows:-
The meat or other article of food or other organic matter is placed in a
receiver of any shape, size, or dimensions, or in any machine or inclosure
answering the purpose of a receiver, and in which atmospheric air or any
of the gases of the atmosphere under any conditions may be confined
or densified or expanded. Atmospheric air is then conveyed into the
receiver or the machine or inclosure answering the purpose of a receiver
from without through the vehicle of the element itself, and in the receiver
densified or expanded to suffice for the effectual destruction of the decaying

page_text: principle in the animal substance or other organic matter operated on.
The meat or other article is then withdrawn by means of wheels, rollers,
pulleys, steam machinery, or other instruments or agency answering the
purpose of motion or locomotion.