IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING TILA DISADA THE DISCHARGE OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anton Gottlieb Schonheyder of N° 81 St.
Stephens Avenue Shepherd's Bush in the County of Middlesex for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING
TILA DISADA
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anton Gottlieb,
Schonheyder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th December 1882.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHONHEYDER of N° 81 St. Stephens Avenue
Shepherd's Bush in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CONTROLLING OR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS "
This invention has principally for its object the prevention of waste of water,
when drawn from cisterns or mains, for domestic sanitary or other purposes, and
relates more especially to the construction of regulators and valves, self-closing
valves and flushing cisterns together with their various attachments.
In arranging regulators and valves for water closets and other purposes I prefer
to use any known kind of equilibrium (or nearly equilibrium) valve and to cause
the same to be opened by the usual pull-up handle in such a manner that the water
cannot be caused to flow continuously by holding or fixing up the said handle, but
on the contrary, the valve will be closed gradually whether the handle is held up
or not. To effect this end the handle is coupled to the valve through the inter-
vention of a cylinder with cupped leathers attached to pistons & in the following
manner, according to one arrangement. The handle is coupled to a lever which
can lift up the said cylinder but cannot again force it down; inside this cylinder
is a piston, made tight by a cupped leather, and carried in a fixed position by
means of a rod suspended at the upper end from a suitable framing; the leather
of this piston is turned upwards. Above this piston is a second piston similarly
made tight by a leather (or they may have double leathers) which in this case is

page_text: 1
turned downwards; the piston rod being tubular and surrounding the rod of the
first mentioned piston. To the upper end of the hollow rod is attached the lever
which actuates the equilibrium valve, or the lever may rest on the hollow rod or
on a collar attached thereto. The upper as well as the lower end of the cylinder
are furnished with covers, and leathers are provided for making a tight joint where
the hollow rod passes through the cover and where the solid rod passes through the
hollow one.
The cylinder is by preference filled (or nearly filled) with a special
quality of oil which cannot freeze nor readily become thick, but any other fluid
may be used, or it may contain air only. Each piston is by preference pierced
with a number of holes, and in addition, each leather has one or more holes opposite
one of the holes through the piston, so that the oil or other fluid may readily pass
from one side of the piston to the other side by all the holes (in doing so, lifting
the leathers which act as valves) but can only pass slowly from the other side,
having then only one hole or sometimes two holes to pass through, and the leathers
closing to prevent it from passing by their edges. The action of the apparatus is
as follows-When the handle is pulled up, the lower lever is lifted and with it
the cylinder containing the fluid, which is consequently forced through the holes
of the first piston (and also partly past the edges thereof) past its leather which it
partially collapses, and in passing above this piston it comes below the second
piston which it raises. The hollow rod and lever are therefore also lifted and the
valve is opened. If the lever and cylinder are held up the oil will flow through
the small hole in the leather of the upper piston and into the compartment above
it, so that this upper piston can descend gradually, allowing the valve to be closed
by the assistance of a weight or spring while as soon as the handle is let go the
oil will gradually find its way into the lower part of the cylinder first occupied by
it. If on the other hand the handle is at once allowed to drop, the oil will be
forced direct into the lower portion of the cylinder; in either case, waste of water
cannot take place, as the valve closes whether the lever is held up or not.
The cylinder may obviously be fixed and the lower piston may be moved by the
handle, in which case the leather of the upper piston is turned upwards and the
arrangement may be otherwise modified. It will be evident that pistons with
ordinary packing and having valves for the passage of liquid through them may be
used in place of the pistons with cup leathers.
Also, instead of the holes in the leathers through which the fluid is forced when
the valve is closing, a by-pass may be used external to the cylinder, and the
quantity of water obtainable at each flush may be regulated by narrowing the
opening in the said by-pass or the openings in the piston corresponding with those
in the leathers. The amount of discharge may however also be regulated by a
shield in the body of the valve, and which is so placed that it can be brought to
cover the outlet or inlet pipe to a greater or less extent by turning the spindle to
which it is attached, the end of this spindle passing by preference to the outside of
the valve body and is therefore easily adjusted; or a separate regulating cock or
valve can be used.
In arranging a self closing valve for fixing to a pipe or cistern from which water
is to be drawn, I provide a body part bored parallel but by preference of two
different diameters and furnished with in and outlet branches. On each side of the
inlet pipe and in the bored parts are a couple of cupped leathers Nos. 1 and 2
suitable secured to the working spindle and when the valve is closed the water is
confined between these leathers. Between the leathers the spindle passes loosely
- through an abutment piece with holes through it covered on one side by a small
valve; this abutment is suitably secured in the bored part by set screws or other-
wise and allows the water to flow freely through it towards leather No. 1 when the
main valve is being opened, but when closing, the water is prevented from returning
quickly by the shutting of the small valve, and it can only leak slowly past the
spindle and the main valve can therefore only close slowly. On the same spindle
and nearer towards the front end is a third leather and between this. and the
leather No 2, and covering the outlet opening when the valve is shut is a loosely

page_text: fitting ring, which moves backwards and forwards in the bored part together with
the spindle and the 3 leathers. The leather N° 2 passes into an enlargement of
the body part opposite the inlet when the main valve is being opened, but the
ring piece above mentioned does not uncover the outlet until the No. 2 leather has
passed well into the enlargement hence; it is not doubled back by the rush of
water, neither can it for the same reason be doubled back when the valve is closing,
as the ring in that case closes the outlet (though not absolutely tight) before the
leather passes into the bored part in which it fits firmly and against which it makes
a perfectly tight joint. A spring behind the spindle end causes the valve to be
self closing, and this is to some extent also effected by causing the diameter of the
bore in which leather N° 1 works to be a little less than that containing
leathers N° 2 and 3. Or the diameters may be so proportioned that the extra
closing pressure due to a high pressure of water is balanced by the extra cup leather
friction arising from the same cause.
The N° 2 leather is to some extent prevented from doubling back, or from
becoming flat by means of a shield or thin cylindrical casing which is attached to
or forms a part of the plate or cup against which the leather would be suitably held
in the ordinary way; the said shield does not however extend to the extreme
edge of the leather, but leaves a sufficient portion of it free to form the necessary
joint as before mentioned.
In constructing flushing cisterns I prefer to arrange them with a siphon or its
equivalent in the usual manner, but I make the height of the "bend" of the siphon
such that when the cistern is quite full, or even when overflowing not any water
can flow through the siphon except when it has been charged by the apparatus
presently to be described. The ball valve for filling the cistern may be of the
usual description. For the purpose of charging the siphon I make the end of the
shorter leg of an enlarged or bell-mouth form and arrange immediately below the
same or in front of it a short pipe or nozzle, which communicates with a cylinder
furnished with a piston and rod or a collapsible bag or diaphragmn that can be
actuated by a suitable lever or otherwise, the effect of the combination being that
when the cistern is charged with water and the lever is moved by a chain or by.
other means in a certain direction, the piston forces water through the nozzle into
the shorter leg of the siphon; the volume thus forced in together with that drawn
in by the induced current which is set up, filling the "bend" of the siphon as well
as a portion of the longer leg and thus starts it; the rapid emptying of the cistern'
and subsequent re-filling will then take place in the well known manner. The
cistern and its various connections may obviously be made of any suitable material,
such for instance as cast iron, and the arrangement of its various parts may be'
modified to suit circumstances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Anton Gottlieb Schonheyder in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th June 1883.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHONHEYDER of N° 81 St Stephens Avenue
Shepherd's Bush in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CONTROLLING OR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
"
This invention has principally for its object the prevention of waste of water,
when drawn from cisterns or mains, for domestic, sanitary or other purposes, and
relates more especially to the construction of regulators and valves, self-closing
valves and flushing cisterns together with their various attachments.
In arranging regulators and valves for water closets and other purposes I prefer
to use any known kind of equilibrium (or nearly equilibrium) valve and to cause
the same to be opened by the usual pull-up handle in such a manner that the.
water cannot be caused to flow continuously by holding or fixing up the said
handle, but on the contrary, the valve will be closed gradually whether the handle
.is held up or not. To effect this end the handle is coupled to the valve through
the intervention of a cylinder with cupped leathers attached to pistons &c. in the
following manner, according to one arrangement. The handle is coupled to a lever
which can lift up the said cylinder but cannot again force it down, inside this
cylinder is a piston, made tight by a cupped leather, and carried in a fixed position
by means of a rod suspended at the upper end from a suitable framing; the leather
of this piston is turned upwards. Above this piston is a second piston similarly
made tight by a leather (or they may have double leathers) which in this case is
turned downwards; the piston rod being tubular and surrounding the rod of the
first mentioned piston. To the upper end of the hollow rod is attached the lever
which actuates the equilibrium valve, or the lever may rest on the hollow rod or
on a collar attached thereto. The upper as well as the lower end of the cylinders
are furnished with covers, and leathers are provided for making a tight joint where
the hollow rod passes through the cover and where the solid rod passes through
the hollow one. The cylinder is by preference filled (or nearly filled) with a
special quality of oil which cannot freeze nor readily become thick, but any other
fluid may be used, or it may contain air only. Each piston is by preference
pierced with a number of holes, and in addition, each leather has one or more holes
opposite one of the holes through the piston, so that the oil or other fluid may
readily pass from one side of the piston to the other side by all the holes (in doing
so lifting the leathers which act as valves) but can only pass slowly from the other
side having then only one hole or sometimes two holes to pass through, and the
leathers closing to prevent it from passing by their edges. The action of the
apparatus is as follows:-When the handle is pulled up, the lower lever is lifted
and with it the cylinder containing the fluid, which is consequently forced through
the holes of the first piston (and also partly past the edge thereof) past its leather
which it partially collapses, and in passing above this piston it comes below the
second piston which it raises. The hollow rod and lever are therefore also lifted
and the valve is opened. If the lever and cylinder are held up the oil will flow
through the small hole in the leather of the upper piston and into the compartment
above it, so that this upper piston can descend gradually, allowing the valve to be
closed by the assistance of a weight or spring while, as soon, as the handle is let
go the oil will gradually find its way into the lower part of the cylinder first
occupied by it. If on the other hand the handle is at once allowed to drop, the oil
will be forced direct into the lower portion of the cylinder, in either case, waste of

page_text: water cannot take place, as the valve closes whether the lever is held up or not
The cylinder may obviously be fixed and the lower piston may be moved by the
handle, in which case the leather of the upper piston is turned upwards and the
arrangement may be otherwise modified. It will be evident that pistons with
ordinary packing and having valves for the passage of liquid through them may be
used in place of the pistons with cup leathers.
Also, instead of the holes in the leathers through which the fluid is forced when
the valve is closing, a by-pass may be used external to the cylinder, and the
quantity of water obtainable at each flush may be regulated by narrowing the
opening in the said by-pass or the openings in the piston corresponding with those
in the leathers. The amount of discharge may however also be regulated by a
shield in the body of the valve, and which is so placed that it can be brought to
cover the outlet or inlet pipe to a greater or less extent by turning the spindle to
which it is attached, the end of this spindle passing by preference to the outside
of the valve body and is therefore easily adjusted; or a separate regulating cock
or valve can be used.
In arranging a self closing valve for fixing to a pipe or cistern from which water
is to be drawn, I provide a body part bored parallel but by preference of two
different diameters and furnished with in and outlet branches. On each side of the
inlet pipe and in the bored parts are a couple of cupped leathers N° 1 and 2
suitably secured to the working spindle and when the valve is closed the water is
confined between these leathers. Between the leathers the spindle passes loosely
through an abutment piece with holes through it covered on one side by a small
valve; this abutment is suitably secured in the bored part by set screws or otherwise
and allows the water to flow freely through it towards leather N° 1 when the
main valve is being opened, but when closing, the water is prevented from returning
quickly by the shutting of the small valve, and it can only leak slowly past the
spindle and the main valve can therefore only close slowly. On the same spindle
and nearer towards the front end is a third leather and between this and the
leather N° 2 and covering the outlet opening when the valve is shut is a loosely
fitting ring, which moves backwards and forwards in the bored part together with
the spindle and the 3 leathers. The leather N° 2 passes into an enlargement of the
body part opposite the inlet when the main valve is being opened, but the ring
piece above mentioned does not uncover the outlet until the N° 2 leather has passed
well into the enlargement, hence it is not doubled back by the rush of water,
neither can it for the same reason be doubled back when the valve is closing as the
ring in that case closes the outlet (though not absolutely tight) before the leather
passes into the bored part in which it fits firmly and against which it makes a
perfectly tight joint. A spring behind the spindle end causes the valve to be self
closing, and this is to some extent also effected by causing the diameter of the bore
in which leather N° 1 works to be a little less than that containing leathers N° 2
and 3. Or the diameters may be so proportioned that the extra closing pressure
due to a high pressure of water is balanced by the extra cup leather friction arising
from the same cause.
The No 2 leather is to some extent prevented from doubling back, or from
becoming flat by means of a shield or thin cylindrical casing which is attached to or
forms a part of the plate or cup against which the leather would be suitably held
in the ordinary way; the said shield does not however extend to the extreme edge.
of the leather, but leaves a sufficient portion of it free to form the necessary joint as
before mentioned.
In constructing flushing cisterns I prefer to arrange them with a siphon or its
equivalent in the usual manner, but I make the height of the "bend" of the siphon
such that when the cistern is quite full or even when overflowing not any water
can flow through the siphon except when it has been charged by the apparatus
presently to be described. The ball valve for filling the cistern may be of the
usual description. For the purpose of charging the siphon I make the end of the
shorter leg of an enlarged or bell-mouth form and arrange immediately below the

page_text: same or in front of it a short pipe or nozzle, which communicates with a cylinder
furnished with a piston and rod or a collapsible bag. or diaphragm that can be
actuated by a suitable lever or otherwise, the effect of the combination being that
when the cistern is charged with water and the lever is moved by a chain or by.
other means in a certain direction, the piston forces water through the nozzle into
the shorter leg of the siphon, the volume thus forced in together with that drawn
in by the induced current which is set up filling the "bend" of the siphon as well
as a portion of the longer leg and thus starts it; the rapid emptying of the cistern
and subsequent re-filling will then take place in the well known manner. The
cistern and its various connections may obviously be made of any suitable material,
such for instance as cast iron, and the arrangement of the various parts may be
modified to suit circumstances.
On the accompanying two sheets of drawings containing Figs. 1 to 7, I have illus-
trated various arrangements of the apparatus above described. Figs. 12 and 3 are
regulators and valves for closets. Figs. 4 and 5 shew the flushing cistern and Figs.
6 and 7 the self closing valve.
'
In Fig. 1, 1 is the equilibrium (or nearly equilibrium) valve; 2 is a rod coupled
to the usual pull-up handle and connected at the bottom end to a lever 3; 4 is a
cylinder, well guided at bottom by a rod working in the framing 11, as shewn, and
guided at top by the stationary piston 5 and its rod 6 secured by its upper end to
frame 11, 7 is a second piston secured to its tubular rod 8, which surrounds the
rod 6, and has a collar piece 9 at its upper end; 10 is a lever with one end forked
and resting on collar 9, and with its other end actuating the equilibrium valve 1.
Pistons 5 and 7 have cup leathers as shewn in full thick lines, a small leather is.
also provided in piston 7 for making a tight joint round the rod 6, and sometimes
I also provide a leather in the cover for making a tight joint round the tubular
rod 8, but this last leather is not absolutely necessary. Piston 5 has a number of
holes made through it but covered by the cupped leather which can therefore act
as a valve. This leather has by preference only one hole formed in it and placed
immediately over one of the holes in the piston, so that while the oil which is
placed in the cylinder 4 can readily pass upwards by the piston 5, partly by the
holes and partly by the clearance round its edge, it can but slowly return. The
piston 7 may be similar to piston 5, although it need only have one hole through
itself and its leather as shown A weight is hung on lever 10 at 12, and the
cylinder 4 is also soinetimes loaded.
The apparatus being combined as shewn and the cylinder nearly filled with oil or
other suitable liquid, its action will be found to be as follows. On raising lever 3
by rod 2 and its handle the cylinder 4 is also raised and the oil which it contained
is forced past the piston 5 against the underside of piston 7 which it will raise up
to about the same extent as the cylinder 4; a small amount of oil escapes past the
small hole already described. By this means the lever 10 will be lifted and
equilibrium valve 1 opened and water admitted to the closet.
If the handle and rod 2 and lever 3 are now allowed to fall, the cylinder 4 with
piston 7 rod 8 collar 9 and lever 10 will also fall, but gradually, as the oil will have
to escape from the central compartment (ie, between the two pistons) through the
small hole in the leather and into the lower compartment. The descent of lever 10
of course closing the valve and shutting off the water. If on the contrary the
rod 2 and lever 3 are held up by the handle, the cylinder 4 cannot fall, but still the
valve will not be held open for the weight 12 will press down the lever 10 and
with it the piston 7, the oil in the central compartment escaping through the small
hole in piston 7 into the upper compartment, from which it will find its way into
the lower compartment as soon as the handle is let fall and with it the cylinder 4 is
allowed to drop. The descent of this cylinder is very gradual and therefore a fresh
charge of water is not obtainable at once, whereby a still further means is provided
to prevent waste.
1
Fig. 2 shews a modification of the regulator, the other portions being the same as
in Fig 1; Similar numbers refer to similar parts. Piston 5 has its loather turned

page_text: downwards and is furnished with a simple valve opening upwards. Piston 7 is
similar to that of Fig. 1 except that the leather surrounding the rod 6 is formed in
one piece with that working in cylinder 4a; this cylinder being carried by piston 5
as shewn.
When the cylinder 4 is raised (by lever 3 as before) the oil passes upwards
through piston 5 and raises piston 7 rod 8 &%, and the water is made to flow as
before. Whether now the cylinder 4 is held up or not the oil in the compartment
between pistons 5 and 7 will escape upwards through the hole shewn and piston 7
& will fall, the water being gradually shut off as before. As soon as cylinder 4 is
allowed to fall it will be refilled with oil from the upper compartment and which
will descend by the space between the cylinders 4 and 4ª, and pass freely by the cup
leather of piston 5.
The two modifications shewn by Figs. 1 and 2 are especially applicable to closets
without valves. When applied to closets with valves I prefer the modification
shewn by Fig. 3. According to this arrangement the rod 2 with the usual handle
at the upper end is connected to the lever 3 so that it can lift it, but cannot
again depress it. The lever for working the main valve of the closet is by suitable
means connected to the lever 3 and works in conjunction with it. The rod 6 and
piston 5 are also worked from lever 3 as shewn. The leather of piston 5 has not
any holes through it. Piston 7, rod 8, collar 9, lever 10 and valve 1 are similar to
the corresponding parts of Fig. 2, and act in the same manner.
A valve opening
upwards is provided in the bottom of cylinder 4*, and permit oil (or other fluid) to
flow from the upper part of cylinders 4 and 4, downwards through the space
between them and into the compartment below piston 5. An escapement hole is
provided through the leather of N° 7 piston only and none through that of N° 5.
The object of the whole is to provide an "after flush" so as to seal the main valve
of the closet after it has been closed, and the action is as follows:-On raising the
handle with rod 2, lever 3 (and lever opening closet valve), the piston 5 is raised
whereby piston 7 is also forced up through the body of oil contained between them
and oil is at the same time drawn in through valve in bottom of cylinder 4. The
water is through the lifting of piston 7 turned on by the valve 1 in the manner as
described for Figs 1 and 2. If now the handle is held up, the weight 12 will force
down lever 10 and close water valve 1 as before, the annular piston 7 forcing the
oil from under it up through the leakage hole shewn. As soon as now the handle
is allowed to fall and with it lever 3 (and the closet valve is thereby closed) the
rod 6, in also descending, will act as a plunger and displace some of the oil under-
Death it, and this oil will in turn lift up the annular piston to an extent
proportionate nearly to the relative areas of the two pistons; thus the valve 1
will be opened a second time (but to a smaller extent) and an "after flush" will be
given. If on the other hand, after lifting up the handle it is allowed to drop again
directly, so that the closet valve would be at once closed, the full quantity of water
which the valve is set to deliver would be contained in the pan, but this not being
desirable, a collar 6ª is secured to rod 6 and acts as follows. "When the lever 3 falls
(the lever 10 being then full up and valve 1 full open) the collar 6ª comes in contact
with collar 9 and prevents the too rapid descent of lever 3 and thereby the closing
of the closet valve until the valve 1 is also nearly closed (or say 3, closed); so
that the water will escape through the closet valve in the ordinary way save a
small quantity (for "after-flush") and which can be regulated in amount by the
position of the collar 6", which may be adjustable.
The amount of water used is regulated by turning the square 13 which causes a
shield to come more or less in front of the discharge opening and thereby regulating
its size.'
The flushing cistern is shewn by Figs. 4 and 5 Sheet II; Fig. 4 being a section
through the cistern and siphon pipe and part section through the cylinder and
piston; while Fig. 5 is a plan. 1 is the cistern, 2 the cover, 3 the siphon pipe. 4 is a
cylinder with its piston 5 which can be actuated by rod 5* through lever 6 fixed to

page_text: weigh-bar 7, the pull-down chain being secured at 6. 8 is a counterbalance
weight. To the one side of the cylinder near its bottom. is cast a spout 9 ending
in a nozzle 10 which is immediately underneath and concentric with the bell-
mouth end of the siphon pipe. . 11 indicates the ball of the usual ball valve and 12
is the overflow pipe, while 13 indicates the usual water level, which it will be
noticed is considerably below the top of the siphon. The action is thus:When
the chain attached to 6a is pulled down the piston 5 is depressed and the water in
the cylinder 4 (except a small amount escaping by leakage) is forced by the
passage 9, through the nozzle 10, thus filling the siphon as well as drawing in with'
it (through the induced action set up) an additional quantity by the annular space
between it (the nozzle) and the siphon bell-mouth. The siphon being thus quite
filled as well as an initial velocity set up, the water is drawn from the cistern until
almost the level of siphon bell mouth. The balance weight S will then restore
piston 5 to its former position and the ball valve will allow the cistern to be
refilled.
Fig. 6, is a sectional elevation of the self closing valve and Fig. 7 a.sectional plan
of the body part. I is the body part, 2 the inlet, 3 the spindle with pushing
piece 3º, 4 is a leather on left hand side of inlet and 5 another on the right hand
side, while 6 is a similar leather near the front of the valve, all three being secured
to the spindle 3 as shewn and of course working with it. 7 is a ring-valve fitting
easily in the body and covering (when valve is closed) the outlet opening 9. The
said ring is confined endways between the lugs S-8 which cause it to travel
with the spindle 3. 10 is a perforated abutment piece, secured in position by two
screws as shewn in plan Fig. 7, and which has a small valve attached to it by a
screwed guard as shewn or otherwise. 11 is a spiral spring to assist in closing
the valve and 12 is a leakage hole to prevent an accumulation of pressure behind
the valve, should the leather 4 become leaky. The action of the valve is as
follows: In the position occupied by the spindle and its appendices shewn on
the drawing, the water is shut off, being in fact confined between the leather's 4
and 5. When the valve spindle is pushed in some little distance the leather 5 will
enter the enlarged portion of the valve body, but there will not be a "flow" of
water till the ring-piece 7 has travelled sufficiently far to uncover the outlet 9, and
by the time this outlet is entirely uncovered the leather 5 will be nearly at the left
hand side of the before mentioned chamber, and thus little exposed to the strong
current of the, water and hence there will be little or no force at work to open it
out; the shield at the back of it also assisting to keep it in shape. While pushing
open the valve the water will flow freely past the small valve on the abutment
piece; and into the space lying between the said abutment and the leather 4, but
when being closed by the action of the spring behind it the small valve will close
and the confined water can only escape by the clearance between the spindle and
the abutment, thus ensuring a gradual and quiet closing of the valve. The ring
piece 7 acts as a safe guard for the leather 5 when closing as well as when opening
the main valve, for (when closing) it will have covered the opening 9 before the
leather 5 has approached sufficiently near to its rest to be doubled back by the
velocity of the water past it. The bored portion in which leather N° 4 works
I make by preference smaller in diameter than that portion in which the two other
leathers work, so that the pressure of the water may have a slight tendency to
close-the valve (and none to open it) this tendency being to some extent counter-
acted by the friction of the leathers; and when once properly proportioned the
difference in areas will work well at all pressures, for the closing tendency and the
leather friction will both increase at the same rate as the pressure increases.
Instead of making the leakage hole as shewn, it may be drilled through the
spindle from the back-end and finish with a side hole in the space occupied by
ring 7, or it may pass right through the spindle to the front end and thus indicate
the faulty condition of leather* 4.
In place of making the body of the valve in one piece as shown it may
f

page_text: obviously be made in two or more lengths, suitably connected, and the abutment
piece may also be arranged and secured in other ways. The inlets and outlets and
other portions may also be differently disposed and arranged.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details of the several apparatus herein described and shewn
on the drawings as these may be variously modified without departing from the
nature of my invention; Also, I am aware that an arrangement of flushing cisterns
has been proposed in which a pipe communicating with a cylinder and piston was
led up the short leg of the siphon beyond the bend thereof, and I do therefore not
claim such an arrangement, but I claim:-
First. In combination with the supply valve of water closets, a cylinder charged
with liquid actuated by the pull-up handle, a fixed piston, and a piston connected
to the weighted lever of the supply valve so arranged that by raising the cylinder
the liquid therein is forced past the fixed piston and caused to raise the moveable
piston so as to open the supply valve, while the weight on the valve lever causes
it and the moveable piston to descend again so as to close the valve notwith-
standing the cylinder is kept in the raised position, substantially as herein
described with reference to Figs 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Second. In combination with the supply valve of water closets, a fixed cylinder
charged with liquid, a piston connected to the weighted supply valve lever and a
second piston connected to the lever of the pull-up handle, so arranged that when
the last named piston is raised, it causes the liquid to raise the first named piston
so as to open the supply valve, while the loaded lever causes this piston to descend
again and close the valve whether the other piston be kept up or allowed
to descend, substantially as herein described with reference to Fig. 3 of the
Drawings.
Third. The construction of apparatus for controlling the supply of water to
water closets combined and operating as herein described with reference to
Figs. 1 2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In flushing cisterns, the use of a nozzle situated at the bottom of the
cistern beneath the mouth of the discharge siphon, and so arranged in connection
with a cylinder and piston, that on actuating the latter by means of a pull, the
water will be propelled from the nozzle into the siphon so as to charge the
latter, substantially as herein described with reference to Figs 4 and 5 of the
Drawings.
Fifth. In self closing supply valves with equilibrium pistons the combination
with the valve stem of a shield or slide covering the outlet of the valve casing so
arranged as to keep such outlet closed until the piston valve has fully uncovered
the inlet opening, or nearly so, substantially as herein described with reference to
Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings.
Sixth. In self closing supply valves the combination of the piston valves 4
and 5, shield or slide 7, and abutment piece 10, with the inlet 2 and discharge
opening 9 arranged and operating substantially as herein described with reference
to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said William Anton Gottlieb Schonheyder have
hereunto set my hand and seal this fifth day of June in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-three.
W: A: G: SCHONHEYDER. (L.S.)