IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING THE MOVE- MENTS, SPEED, AND QUANTITY OF SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, AND FLUIDS, SUCH AS WATER, SPIRITS, AND AIR, OR OF FINE POWDERS SUCH AS FLOUR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING OTHER VELOCITIES, AND ALSO DEPTHS OF WATER
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor, Brassfounders, of
No. 2, Newgate Street, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING THE MOVE-
MENTS, SPEED, AND QUANTITY OF SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, AND FLUIDS, SUCH
AS WATER, SPIRITS, AND AIR, OR OF FINE POWDERS SUCH AS FLOUR, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR MEASURING AND
RECORDING OTHER VELOCITIES, AND ALSO DEPTHS OF WATER."
aled the 12th January 1877, and dated the 20th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Tylor and Joseph John
33
Tylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1876.
ALFRED TYLOR and JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR, Brassfounders, of No. 2, Newgate
Street, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASUR-
ING AND RECORDING THE MOVEMENTS, SPEED, AND QUANTITY OF SUBSTANCES,
LIQUIDS, AND FLUIDS, SUCH AS WATER, SPIRITS, AND AIR, OR OF FINE POWDERS
SUCH AS FLOUR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING OTHER VELOCITIES, AND ALSO DEPTHS OF WATER.'
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus and arrangements
for recording the movements, speed, and quantity of substances, liquids, and fluids
such as air, water, and spirits, or fine powders such as flour; and consist partly in
improvements in the meters described in Patent No. 1008, granted to Francis
George Fleury, and dated April 15th, 1871; and also in that patented by Alfred Tylor
in Patent No. 1411, dated May 26th, 1871; and and also that patented in Patent
No. 1391, granted to Francis George Fleury and Alfred Tylor on the 17th day of
May, 1872, in which the inlet and outlet apparatus are placed at different levels by
arranging and constructing a meter or measuring and recording apparatus so that
the current in the same shall produce a regular rotating motion in which the fan
wheel or moving part is placed, which when in connection with a dial and hand or
hands, or other suitable recording arrangement, shall record with accuracy the
quantity of liquid or fluid passed, be less liable to get out of order, which may be
adjusted from the outside without taking the same apart or to pieces and whilst
the meter is at work or under pressure.

page_text: In some cases the fan wheel or moving parts on which the current in the meter
case acts to give the measuring and recording movements may be made as a disc
with serrated edges or projections, or of a series of blades, balls, cups, or floats of
metal, wood, hardened india-rubber, vulcanite, ebonite, or other suitable material or
materials, or combination of the same, arranged round a vertical spindle or axis of
metal or other suitable material or combination of the same, which spindle or axis
may rotate in or on suitable bearings of lignum vitæ, hard gun metal, phosphor
bronze, steel, agate, or other suitable material, arranged so as to be adjustable from
the exterior of the meter case, and whilst the same is under pressure or at work,
without removing any part except the seal, and we may cause the said spindle to
actuate the dial and hands when such are used for the recording apparatus by
means of a train of wheelwork; or in place of the dial and hands we may use a
pencil, making a diagram.
The lower bearing or pivot, shewn adjustable by an eccentric movement towards
the projections in Patent No. 1008, of 1871, may be arranged so as to be moved or
adjusted from the outside of the meter case while the same is under pressure with-
out taking the meter apart or to pieces, suitable washers or other means being pro-
vided to prevent leakage at that part where it passes through the meter case, and a
cap or cover may be provided which when sealed will prevent unauthorized
interference.
The arms connecting the blades, balls, floats, or cups, or exterior of the disc with
the boss or centre part of the fan or moving part are placed at an angle with the
line of the motion, or inclined from the vertical line, so that the resistance of the
fluid may cause the fan or moving part to be lifted, and so diminish the friction or
wear on the bottom bearing, and the disc may be so arranged as to produce this
effect.
The moving part is surrounded with an elliptical or partially circular case, pro-
vided with apertures, by preference of unequal dimensions; and we shorten the
distance between the fan or moving part and the inlet aperture so as to let the
water direct on to the fan disc or moving part and so prevent the existence of a
body of water or fluid between the bottom of the inlet and the fan, and cause the
vortex to be formed without the use of an enlarged chamber or part, and thus make
the meter sensitive.
In the Patent No. 1411, dated May 26th, 1871, and granted to Alfred Tylor in
that year, it will be seen that fixed plates or moveable plates which can be removed
nearer to or away from the fan or moving part and adjusted from the outside of the
meter are provided, but these are now placed by preference above or partly above
the level of the fan or moving part at or about the level of the upper part of the
inlet, which inlet or inlets in accordance with the plan shewn in the former Patents
for meters, herein-before alluded to, is or are made to project or enter above the
level of the fan or moving part, so that a portion of the water may enter without
immediate direct action or influence on the fan, disc, or moving part, and may be
regulated, if necessary, by these brakes whilst revolving in a vortex.
In the part of our Invention which is arranged for measuring fluids of varying
specific gravities, such as spirits, we form the fan, disc, or moving part in such
manner that it may revolve in proportion to the actual specific gravity of the liquid
to be measured.
When a fine powder is being measured we make part of the meter case of open
bars or wire meshes to prevent accumulations of the powder.
When we apply our Invention to the measuring of air passing through ventilating
passages, mines, or buildings, or to the measurement of atmospheric currents, we
introduce or employ a similar correction for the varying specific gravity of the air
as we find that the speed of the vanes, fans, blades, disc, revolving wheel, cups, or
moving parts does not really represent the actual speed of the air at different
velocities without a proper correction by another current of air, we therefore
regulate or divert a counter current of air so as to play upon the arms, cups, vanes,
or discs in such a manner as to make the revolution of the said moving part, what-

page_text: ever may be its shape, to correspond with the true velocity of the air; and then for
recording the velocity we may either use a dial with hands, or a recording apparatus
consisting of a revolving drum or drums, or cylinder or cylinders, on or to which a
suitable surface or surfaces is or are formed or applied so as to admit of a pencil or
other suitable means being employed to mark or record on the same the desired
particulars, the apparatus being either driven by a clock, or by a shaft moved by
the air, or by both combined; or the velocities may be recorded on the drum or
cylinder direct by the aid of electricity, and we may use a magnet or a governor to
regulate the position or vertical movement of the marking point, pencil, or arrange-
ment, the point or pencil moving vertically as the weights or arms of the governor
are lifted in proportion to the velocity of the shaft of the governor.
We also arrange our apparatus for measuring the speed of ships through the
water, or the depth of the water below the ship, so that the depth may be ascertained
without stopping the ship. For this purpose we may cause the fan or moving part
of the apparatus to give motion to a heavy body of a fish, or rocket, or other
suitable form or shape which will offer little resistance to the water, and in this
case we cause the fan, screw, or paddle to be made to rotate either in the rear or at
the front, or both, of the sounding instrument by the force of compressed air,
ammonia, steam, or other suitable or convenient means through the instrumentality
of an engine, or machinery, or other convenient arrangement, situated in the heavy
body or sounding instrument herein-before mentioned, so that by these means we
can produce a velocity in such heavy body or sounding instrument in the direction
in which the ship is moving approximatively equal to that of the velocity of the
ship through the water, whereby we are enabled to ascertain correctly the depth of
the water without stopping the ship, as the heavy body in this case will descend
nearly in a perpendicular line keeping pace with the ship, and not fall behind the
ship or require casting forward by a rope or line as is done in present practice, and
we may arrange the apparatus so as to stop or record when it touches the bottom.
We keep our said sounding apparatus connected with the ship by a rope or
telegraph cable so as to work near the side of the ship, and the rope or cable may
be wound on a drum or reel and the sounding apparatus arranged so as to be readily
handled on board or put overboard from the vessel; or, if preferred, it may be
attached to or connected with a boom or spar, or its or their equivalent, so as to
keep it clear of the side of the ship to the desired distance.
By attaching or connecting the rope or cable to a dial with hands to a clock or
clectric apparatus we can record the depth of the sea on the apparatus in the ship,
and the number of seconds the sounding instrument is falling, and thereby avoid
calling out the number of fathoms, and we may so arrange the recording part of
the apparatus that it shall produce a log or permanent record of the times it has
been used and the results obtained in using it; and by our arrangements herein-
before described we obtain a convenient apparatus which may be used for sounding
purposes on board a ship without stopping the vessel or interfering with or inter-
rupting her navigation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th April 1877.
ALFRED TYLOR and JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR, of No. 2, Newgate Street, in the City
of London, Brassfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS
FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING THE MOVEMENTS, SPEED, AND QUANTITY OF
SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, AND FLUIDS, SUCH AS WATER, SPIRITS, AND AIR, OR OF
FINE POWDERS SUCH AS FLOUR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING OTHER VELOCITIES, AND ALSO DEPTHS
OF WATER."

page_text: This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus and arrangements for
measuring and recording the movements, speed, and quantity of substances, liquids,
and fluids, such as water, spirits, and air, or of fine powders, such as flour, which
improvements and arrangements are applicable for measuring and recording other
velocities, and also depths of water.
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Apparatus and Arrangements
for Recording the Movements, Speed, and Quantity of Substances, Liquids, and
Fluids, such as Air, Water, and Spirits, or Fine Powders, such as Flour," which
improvements and arrangements are applicable for measuring and recording other
velocities, and also depths of water, and consists partly in improvements in the
meter described in Patent No. 1008 granted to Francis George Fleury, and dated
15th April 1871, also in that Patented by Alfred Tylor in Patent No. 1411, dated
26th May 1871, and also in that Patented in Patent No. 1391 granted to Francis
George Fleury and Alfred Tylor on the 17th May 1872, in which the inlet and
outlet apertures are placed a different levels by arranging and constructing a meter
or measuring and recording apparatus, so that the current in the same shall produce
a regular rotating motion in which the fan wheel or moving part is placed, which
when in connection with a dial and hand or hands or other suitable recording
apparatus shall record with accuracy the quantity of fluid or liquid passed, be
less liable to get out of order, which may be adjusted from the outside without
taking the same apart or to pieces, and whilst the meter is at work or under
pressure.
In some cases the fan wheel or moving parts on which the current in the meter
case acts to give the measuring and recording movements may be made as a disc
with serrated edges or projections, or of a series of blades, balls, cups, or floats of
metal, wood, hardened india-rubber, vulcanite, ebonite, or other suitable material
or materials, or combination of the same, arranged round a vertical spindle or axis
of metal or other suitable material or materials, or combination of the same, which
spindle or axis may rotate in or on suitable bearings of lignum vitæ, hard gun metal,
phosphor bronze, steel, agate, or other suitable material, arranged so as to be
adjustable from the exterior of the meter case, and whilst the meter is under pressure
without removing any part except the seal, and we may cause the said spindle to
actuate the dial and hands when such are used for the recording apparatus by means
of a train of wheel work, or in place of the dial and hands we may use a pencil
making a diagram.
The lower bearing or pivot shown adjustable by an eccentric movement towards
the projection in Patent No. 1008, of 1871, may be arranged so as to be moved or
adjusted from the outside of the meter case, whilst the same is under pressure
without taking the meter apart or to pieces, suitable washers or other means being
provided to prevent leakage at that part where it passes through the meter case,
and a cap or cover may be provided, which when sealed will prevent unauthorized
interference.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shows partly in elevation and partly in section an improved
modification of meter, by means of which the adjustable eccentric part carrying the
lower bearing or pivot of the fan or moving part can be adjusted from the outside
as herein-before described showing the inlet and outlet.
Fig. 2 is a part elevation and section; Fig. 3 is a plan of the meter arranged as
Fig. 1, showing one improved form of the fan or moving part as herein-before
described. A is the meter case; B the fan or moving part; C the adjustable eccentric
portion carrying the lower bearing or pivot; D the prolongation or part extending
through the meter case, by ineans of which the position of the fan or moving part
can be adjusted, a link or connection Da as shown being used to keep the wheel on
the moving part and spindle in gear as the position is varied; E a washer or washers
for making a tight joint when the nut F is screwed up on the adjustment being
completed; G a screw thread by means of which the meter may be attached to a
stand or support of a tripod or other convenient form, to allow of access being gained

page_text: to the adjusting part, whilst the meter is under pressure without taking the meter
to pieces or apart or disconnecting it from the pipes.
Fig. 4 is a part elevation and section showing an arrangement for raising or
lowering and adjusting the fan or moving part without taking the meter apart or
to pieces, whilst the same is under pressure, as herein-before described, in which
another kind of fan or moving part is shown. A is the meter case; B, the fan or
moving part; C, the part on which the lower bearing or pivot is formed or attached;
D, the screwed portion of the same, by turning which the fan or moving part is
raised or lowered for adjusting; E, the washer or washers for making a tight joint
when the nut F is screwed up; F, the nut for tightening up and fixing the part
carrying the pivot; G is a screwed part for attaching the meter to a stand as in
Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 5 is a nearly similar elevation and section showing another form of fan or
moving part, and Fig. 6 is a plan of the same with a similar mode of adjustment.
If desired the raising or lowering of the fan or moving part may be obtained by
the use of an inclined surface on which the under side of C rests, which on being
pushed in or withdrawn will raise or lower the same, provision being made for
obtaining a tight joint at the part where the opening is made in the meter case for
enabling the same to be operated.
Similar letters of reference denote like parts in the foregoing Figures.
Fig. 7 is a part elevation and section, and Fig. 8 a section of the lower part of the
spindle or bearing showing another arrangement for raising or lowering the fan or
moving part, to adjust the same whilst the meter is under pressure as herein-before
described, means for making a tight joint being provided as in the other cases. C is
the lower portion of the spindle or part carrying the lower pivot or bearing working
in a guide or socket at its lower end, as shewn; D, a forked or other suitably formed
lever or arm formed on or attached to the rod or axis E, so that when F is moved
the lever D is caused to raise or lower the part C, washers or other suitable means
are provided for making a tight joint at the part where E passes through the
meter case; Fig. 8 shows the parts at right angles to the position shown in Fig. 7.
The arms connecting the blades, balls, floats, cups, or exterior of the disc with
the boss or centre part of the fan or moving part are placed at an angle with the
line of motion, or inclined from the vertical line, so that the resistance of the fluid
may cause the fan or moving part to be lifted, and so diminish the friction or wear
on the bottom bearing, and the disc may be so arranged as to produce this effect.
If preferred the arrangement of floats or blades and inclined planes or arms shewn
in elevation in Fig 9 may be used.
The moving part or fan may be surrounded with an elliptical or partially circular
case provided with apertures, by preference of unequal dimensions, and we shorten
the distance between the fan or moving part and the inlet aperture, so as to let the
water direct on to the fan dise or moving part, and so prevent the existence of a
body of water between the bottom of the inlet and the fan, and cause the vortex
to be formed without the use of an enlarged chamber or part, and thus make the
meter sensitive somewhat as shown in the plan in Fig. 3.
In the Patent No. 1411 dated May 26th 1871, and granted to Alfred Tylor in
that year, it will be seen that fixed plates or moveable plates which can be removed
nearer to or away from the fan or moving part, and adjusted from the outside of
the meter are provided, but these we now place by preference above or partly above
the level of the fan or moving part at or about the upper part of the inlet, which
inlet or inlets in accordance with the plan shewn in the former Patents for meters
herein-before alluded to, is or are made to project or enter above the level of the
fan or moving part, so that a portion of the water may enter without immediate
direct action or influence on the fan, disc, or moving part and may be regulated if
necessary by these brakes whilst revolving in a vortex.
Fig. 10 is a part elevation and section, and Fig. 11 a plan of our improved meter
as herein-before described. A is the meter case; B, the fan or moving part; C, C, the
inlets for the water to the fan or moving part; D, the water inlet to the meter case;

page_text: E, in Fig. 11, the adjustable brake for producing a counter current, which may be
applied if desired; F, the outlet from the meter; G, in Fig. 10, the projection or
part for attaching the meter to a stand. In Fig. 10 it will be seen that the water
entering the chamber in which the fan or moving part is placed has sufficient space
allowed to admit of a portion of the water entering without acting directly on the
moving part as herein-before described. The adjustment of the moving part or fan,
shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 7, may be applied to this arrangement if desired, the brakes
in the Drawing, Fig. 10, being shown fixed.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, represents in sectional elevation an arrangement of our improved
meter in which a governor and recording apparatus for making a diagram of the
velocities and quantities passed are used as herein-before described. A, A, the
shell or meter case; B, the fan or moving part which may be formed as shewn;.
C, the wheel work for transmitting the movement; D, the governor controlling
the pencil and connection E, or other means, used in recording the diagram shewn
broken off. If preferred the cylinder on which the diagram is marked may be
caused to rotate by the fan or moving part, and the pencil may be moved up and
down by the clock and so do away with the use of the governor as shown. The
ordinary recording wheelwork used in meters such as is shown a G, in Fig. 3, may
also be used if preferred in place of the apparatus shown.
Fig. 1 shows the clock diagram, cylinder, pencil governor, and connection on an
enlarged scale, and as applied to a meter to work at low pressure, and Fig. 1 shews
the arrangement for higher pressures than those at which Fig. 1a would be used.
F is the clock; G, the recording cylinder caused to revolve by the same; H, the
guide for the pencil or indicator; I, the case or box in which these parts are placed
and which may be formed of metal, of glass, of wood, or other suitable materials or
combination of the same as most convenient, similar letters of reference denote like
parts in the two Figures.
In that part of our Invention which relates to measuring fluids of varying specific
gravities such as spirits, we form the fan dise or moving part of tin, and arrange it
in such a manner by the aid of the float, air chamber, or other equivalent means
formed on, attached to, or connected therewith, that it may be of less weight and
revolve in proportion to the actual specific gravity of the fluid to be measured.
The meter may be made of tin, or the interior of the meter case may also be coated
with tin or other suitable material to prevent corrosion.
When our Invention is applied to the measurement of a fine powder such as flour,
we make a part of the case of open bars, net work, or wire meshes to prevent the
accumulation of the powder; and Fig. 2, Sheet 2, shews in vertical section an
arrangement suitable for measuring and recording the flow of the same as herein-
before described; Fig. 3 being a plan of the same taken through the line a, b.
A is the case containing the fan or moving part; B, the fan or moving part
which may be formed as shown; C, the bars, grating, or meshes to prevent
choking; D, a projection or guide in the interior of the case at or in the inlet
passage to direct the entering powder or substance on to the fan or moving part;
E, inlet entrance to meter; and F, the outlet from the same. In Fig. 3 G is the
dial and recording apparatus, operated by the fan or moving part in any suitable or
convenient manner as is usual in apparatus of this kind, and divided or graduated
according to the measure or quantity to be indicated.
In that part of our Invention relating to the measuring and recording of
velocities and quantities of air passing the jet of water, steam, or air, or counter
current, or brake, used as a means for regulating the fan or moving part acting in
the manner described in Patent, No. 1411, of 1871, is or may be obtained from a
vessel under a fixed pressure or head, or a jet of air from the current to be measured
may be arranged so as to be proportional, and allow the opening entrance, or outlet,
or valve of the same to be enlarged, or diminished, or moved by the movement of
the air or current of air in the apparatus which itself in accordance with the action
required produces the required conditions which are to make the fan wheel or
moving part revolve in proportion to the air or fluid passing through it, and not

page_text: require the use of a correcting table to record or ascertain the quantity correctly.
This jet current or counter current may be caused to act on another fan, wheel,
moving part, or vane, attached to, connected with, or operating in conjunction
with that on which the air entering the case acts, in those cases in which it is not
desired to allow it to operate on the fan wheel or moving part wbich actuates the
recording part of the meter.
The recording paper on which the diagram is formed may be made continuous,
and if desired the axle of the fan or moving part may be lengthened so as to enable
the governor to be actuated therefrom. When the governor with a ball or balls is
used, and attached to, or connected with the axis of the fan, fly, vane, or moving
part of the air meter or anemometer, this governor would lift or lower the pencil or
point in proportion to the change of velocity in the fan, fly, vane, or moving part.
The ordinary apparatus used for measuring purposes of this kind requires to be
placed or used in a passage or receptacle, the cross section of which is known and
taken into account, when ascertaining the quantity of air passing through and to be
corrected by a table, but by our improved arrangement herein-before described the
fan, wheel fly, vane, or moving part revolves proportionately to the quantity
passing, and records direct the particulars of the quantity or velocity of the air
passing (without taking into account the area of the cross section) through the tube
passage or through the atmosphere, and is also in the case of collieries adapted so as
to allow of the recording apparatus being separated from the fan, and be placed in
the office on the surface, the fan, fly wheel, vane, or moving part, and rest of the
apparatus being underground, and thus enable a record to be obtained of what is
passing below, either by wires or tubes containing air or other suitable medium
through which an impulse may be passed.
The drum or cylinder on which the paper is placed being actuated by a clock,
and the fan, fly wheel, vane, or moving part in the colliery being connected with
the electric or other arrangement for communicating an impulse, will cause a line to
be made or mark a series of dots on the paper, and by the incline or variation of
the line from the horizontal or by the distances or spaces between the dots or
marks or impulses according to the arrangement employed is caused to record the
variations in the velocities or quantities of the air passing, in a similar manner to
the plan of recording adopted with the self recording aneroid barometer.
In some cases the self-regulating break or current or counter current used for
adjusting in the case of the air meters may be applied to the meters for measuring
the flow of other liquids and fluids so as to enable a mean regular velocity to be
maintained, and may be applied by causing the governor to open or close a tap,
valve, or other means for letting on or shutting off the jet or current.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, is an elevation shewing the back; and Fig. 2, an edge or side view
with one side removed of an arrangement of our improved meter or anemometer for
measuring and recording the velocities and quantities of air, as herein-before described.
A is the box or case containing the fan vane or moving parts B, shewn by dotted
lines in Fig. 1, the fan vane or moving part C, the worm on the axle working in
the worm wheel D, which by means of the spindle and pinion E actuates F, the
wheel on the spindle of the marking or recording point or pencil G in this case
shewn as a ridge or feather extending in a helical direction from the top to the
bottom of the cylinder to which it is attached. H, a small spring for keeping the
marking or recording point in contact with the paper on the recording drum or
cylinder I. The clock for actuating the recording drum is shewn at K. The four
entrances or openings L, L, L, L, into the box are to allow of the air coming in
contact with the fun or moving part, and M is a moveable mouth-piece or director
which can be placed at either entrance or opening, as desired; N in Fig. 2 is a
feather or bracket for supporting the clock K, and forming a foot or part to keep
the apparatus upright when placed on a surface.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-The entrance L on the side exposed
to the current being open and the mouth-piece or director fitted thereto, and one or
both of the openings L on the opposite side being also open, the current passing in

page_text: causes the fan B to rotate, and by the worm wheel give motion to the other parts
which actuate the marking or recording point, causing it to revolve on its axis, and
as the drum 1 revolves the point will show by an inscribed line and by its rise or
fall above the horizontal lines on the paper the velocity and quantity of the current
passing, as herein-before described.
Fig. 3 shows in elevation; Fig. 4, plan; and Fig. 5 in end view an arrangement
which may be used for the self-adjusting of the meter, as herein-before described
and attached to or connected with the case containing the moving parts in the
position most convenient for use, the connection with the moving parts for
actuating the same being made by tooth or worm or gearing, or by a pulley or pullies
and cords or belts as preferred. The expanding or closing of the balls of the
governor causes through the intervention of the levers the inlet for the jet or current
or counter current to be opened or closed so as to cause a mean regular velocity to
be maintained, as herein-before described. The opening when air is used is formed
like a gridiron, and the valve or shutter moved by the apparatus has corresponding
slots and bars, as shown in Fig. 5, to open or close the inlet.
Fig. 6 shows in sectional elevation, and Fig. 7 in plan, our improved differential
recording arrangement by means of which two wheels with a different number of
teeth are actuated by one worm or endless screw. This may be used in meters or
where such arrangements may be found suitable. A, the actuating part shown in
this case as a fan and worked by air, water, or other fluid or liquid; B is the worm
or endless screw gearing into the two wheels C and D, one of which has one tooth
more than the other though the proportions may vary within certain limits; E are
the hands for indicating numbers or quantities.
Fig. 8 shews one method by means of which the jet or current or counter current
of water may be controlled and regulated by the apparatus so as to be self-adjusting,
as herein-before described. A the cistern or vessel containing the water which may
be placed at the desired height to give the required pressure, the inlet to the same
being regulated by a ball-cock, or valve; B, B, the pipe shewn broken off leading to
the measuring apparatus or meter, the outlet of which is controlled and regulated
by the governor through the lever C which opens and shuts the cock or valve D.
The outlet of the jet may be placed so as to act on the fan or moving part of the
meter, or on another fan, moving part, or vane connected therewith, as herein-
before described.
The electric chronograph or recorder we employ consists of a vertical steel
cylinder mounted on an axis, and caused to revolve at the rate of two feet per
second by a clock carefully adjusted. This cylinder has a surface blackened by
smoke from a lamp or otherwise so as to show and record the marks made by the
points. Two points, one pointing to the lower part of the cylinder, and one half-
way up, forming the poles of the two batteries, are placed at a short distance from
the steel cylinder and one above the other. The stage or frame which carries these
points is in connection with the clockwork which raises these points one-eighth of
an inch for each ten revolution of the cylinder.
When for instance a wave or an impulse or movement is to be passed through
water or other fluid contained in a pipe or coil of pipe, a valve of small diameter is
provided near each end, each of which valves breaks contact in the apparatus when
on its seat and makes contact when off its seat. On an impulse passing through
this pipe in which the two valves are fixed at a known distance apart, whilst the
steel cylinder is revolving at a known speed and a constant stream of sparks are
passing from the points on to the steel surface, as soon as the impulse affects the
valves in succession contact is broken, and the sparks cease first from one point and
then from the other. The machine is now stopped and the distance of the second
break in the sparks from a vertical line drawn through the first break shews the
distance the cylinder has travelled between the breaking contact between the two
valves. This arrangement may be used to measure other impulses through large or
small bodies of water or otherwise.
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 4, are a back and side elevation of an electric recorder, as

page_text: herein-before described.
A the frame containing the clockwork for moving the
cylinder or steel drum B which is mounted on the spindle or axis E; C is the screw
arrangement for raising or lowering the frame D carrying the points to which the
wires F, F, from the coil or batteries are connected; G, Fig. 1, is a disengaging
apparatus for throwing D out of gear with the screw C.
Fig. 3 shews the form of sounding log and velocity meter herein-before described.
By this arrangement we obtain an apparatus capable of measuring and recording
long periods of time or short periods without resetting the apparatus, in short an
experiment or series of experiments lasting the five-hundredth part of a second or
extending over two minutes can be registered without resetting the apparatus.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which
the same may or is to be performed or carried into practical effect, we desire to
remark that we do not claim as of our Invention the use of meters for measuring
water, or liquids, or fluids, or dry powders or substances, as these are not new, nor
do we claim the use of recording apparatus in connection with the same, as this is
not novel, nor do we claim the use of sounding or speed logs for ascertaining and
recording depths and velocitics, as these have been used before, nor do we claim any
of the parts individually as new when applied to the apparatus shewn in the
Drawings and herein-before described, nor do we confine ourselves to the precise
details shewn in the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, as the same admit of
being modified without departing from the nature of our said Invention; but what
we do claim as novel and as of our Invention and desire to have protected by Letters
Patent is,―
First. The improved modes of adjusting meters and also arranging meters so as to
be self-adjusting, substantially in the manner shewn in the Drawings in Sheet 1,
and in Figs. 1 and 1ª, Sheet 2, and as and for the purposes herein-before described
and specified.
Second. The improved meter, shewn in Figs. 10 and 11, Sheet 1, and the
improved forms of fans or moving parts of meters, shewn in Sheet 1, and the meter
for dry powders shewn in Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 2, and substantially as herein-before
described and for the purposes specified, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The improved anemometer and arrangements for making the same self-
adjusting, applicable also to meters for liquids and fluids, shewn in Figs. 1 to 5,
and also in Fig. 8, Sheet 3, and substantially as herein-before described and specified,
& for the purposes specified.
Fourth. The improved electric recording apparatus shewn in Figs. 1 & 2, Sheet 4,
applicable to measuring short periods of time or longer periods, or a succession of
periods, waves, or other impulses or pulsations without resetting the apparatus, as
herein-before described, illustrated, and specified.
Fifthly. The arrangements forming a speed log and a sounding log, as herein-
before described and specified.
Lastly. The various combinations and arrangements shewn in the accompanying
four Sheets of Drawings, and as herein-before described and specified, and for the
purposes specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph John Tylor and Alfred Tylor, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this 20th day of April, 1877.