IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Elmore, of 91, Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surrey, Electrical Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Elmoro at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1880.
WILLIAM ELMORE, of 91, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Electrical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to dynamo
electric machines generally, and particularly to improvements upon Letters Patent,
bearing date the 4th September 1879, No. 3565, granted to me, the said William
Elmore, the object being to provide an improved body for the revolving armature
so as to provide for the cooling of the same and its magnets, and thereby ensure
the coolness of the magnets of the whole machine, and to provide a commutator of
improved construction for facility of connection and avoiding the secretion of
metallic dust in the sections of the commutator under the brushes, so avoiding
short circuit between the sections, and also provide for the connecting up of the
wires of the stationary or field magnets.
The stationary or field magnets of dynamo-machines have been cooled by water
or air being circulated therethrough, but the revolving armature of such machines
has not been so dealt with, and it is in this part of the machines that the heat is
generated in working, and communicated by radiation and contact to the rest part
of the machine, the danger being such that if the driving engine happen to race
the whole of the insulation of the wires of the machine may be burned away and
the machine become utterly disabled.
In carrying this part of the Invention into practice the armature, cylinder, boss
or disc, and the magnet cores are made with a continuous internal chamber or
hollow extending into the solid portions of the armature to form a passage way
from an aperture on one side of the armature to another aperture on the other, so that
a current or stream of water, air, or liquid refrigerating medium can be circulated
throughout the parts through the main shaft of the machine as follows:-The said
main shaft is bored out longitudinally and centrally from each side but not so
as to communicate therethrough, but to form a tubular conduit through the ends
of the shaft, and at the inner extremities of such boring and transversely of the
the shaft secondary borings are made so far through the shaft as to meet the
central borings at right angles, into which secondary borings short lengths of tube

page_text: The
are fitted to connect with the outlets of the armature circulating chamber.
outer ends of the shaft are furnished with a stuffing box, through which is passed
a conduit tube corresponding with the central borings of the shaft, said conduit
tubes being carried in end bearings or supports from the framing or bed plate of
the machine. Thus a head or supply of water, air, or fluid cooling medium can be
supplied to one of the conduit tubes at one end of the shaft of the machine, and
flow through the central boring of the shaft to the aperture on one side of the
armature chamber, and through said chamber out by the opposite aperture to the
other central boring of the shaft, and thence be led off by the conduit tube passing
through the stuffing box at the other end of the shaft, whereby a continual flow.
can be kept up through the armature during its revolution to ensure the effectual
cooling thereof. The magnets are preferably cast with the body of the armature,
cylinder, boss, or disc, or may be bolted thereon, and said body is in two halves,
with the corresponding portions of the chamber or passage provided therein, and
when put together is fitted with a dividing plate, through which is made a perfo-
ration at one part to complete the continuous chamber for the circulation
therethrough of the cooling medium, and the divided portions of the armature are
-bolted together, or may be brazed and bolted.
For the improved commutator there is placed upon the one end of the main shaft
of the machine a metal barrel piece insulated from the shaft, and having and s
running in an insulated-bearing in the centre boss of the stationary magnet standard,
-and-the-barrel-piece_carries on the inner end thereof-on-the-inner_side_of the
stationary magnet standard terminals,-to-which-aro-led.and attached the ends of
one half of the number of the wires of the magnets of the armature, and the outer-
end of said barrel piece is provided with an interior screw thread to engage with
a corresponding thread formed upon one half of the sections of the commutator,
said half of the sections being mounted upon a thimble and flange of insulating
material, and held away from the shaft and divided from the remaining half of the
sections of the commutator, a left handed screw thread upon the shaft receiving a
nut against which the insulating flange and thimblo bears, and is held by a second
locking nut. The sections of the commutator that are not in contact with the
barrel piece are in contact with the shaft which is in contact with the other half
of the wires of the armature magnets. The sections of the commutator in contact
with the barrel piece are, as before stated, held away from the shaft, and channels
or recesses are thus formed which correspond with outer openings, or a scries of inlets
for air at the end of the commutator, so that as the shaft revolves air enters by
these outer openings into the recesses of the commutator and blows out at the
divisions of the sections thereof, thereby clearing and blowing away any metallic
dust produced by the brush action upon the commutator, and tending to cool it.
It has hitherto been the custom to take the wires from the pairs of magnets to,
and either twist them together in cable form, or bring other separate wires or cables
up to them from the terminal and brush to form the main circuit, thereby allowing
of considerable liability to imperfect contact, and being otherwise inconvenient by
reason of the wires carried along the shaft becoming dainaged or displaced in course
of revolution; therefore, and to do away with these connections, there is employed
a pair of main connectors upon each upright standard, described in the Patent
before referred to, one of the said main connectors from the brush and the other
from one of the terminals of the machine, the ends of one half of the wires of the
stationary magnets being carried to each of the connectors, so as by the said
connectors the terminals are in fact brought solidly to the wires instead of the
wires to the terminals, the said connectors being in form of a metal band encircling
the boss of the main standards of the machine, and carrying terminal holes and
binding screws for the wires of the magnet pairs, and connecting from the said
encircling metal band directly to the terminals of the machine by a substantial
single metal piece.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Elmore in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March.
1881.
WILLIAM ELMORE, of 91, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Electrical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to dynamo
electric machines generally, and particularly to improvements upon Letters Patent
bearing date the 4th September 1879, No. 3565, granted to me, the said Willia:n
Elmore, the object being to provide an improved body for the revolving armature
so as to provide for the cooling of the same and its magnets, and thereby ensure
the coolness of the magnets of the whole machine, and to provide a commutator of
improved construction for facility of connection and avoiding the secretion of
metallic dust in the section of the commutator under the brushes, so avoiding short
circuit between the sections, and also provide for the connecting up of the wires of
the stationary or field magnets. The stationary or field magnets of dynamo-
machines have been cooled by water or air being circulated therethrough, but the
revolving armature of such machines has not been so lealt with, and it is in this
part of the machines that the heat is generated in working, and communicated by
radiation and contact to the rest part of the machine, the danger being such that
if the driving engine happen to race, the whole of the insulation of the wires of the
magnets may be burned and the machine become utterly destroyed.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a view partially in section of
the revolving armature and main shaft of a dynamo electric machino, showing the
hollow and passages for the cooling of the armature of such machines, and also the
fitting of the commutator.
Fig. 1 represents the plate to be placed, if desired, in recess of armature
magnets.
Fig. 2 is side view partially in section of improved armature, Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 3* are longitudinal sections and end view respectively of part detail of
commutator.
Fig. 4 and 4 aro like views of further detail of commutator.
Fig. 5 represents the construction of stationary magnet standard corresponding
to the armature, Fig. 1 and 2, of my improved machine with the ring connectors for
the wires in position.
In carrying this part of the Invention into practice I proceed as follows,
reference being had to Figs. 1, 1, and 2 of the accompanying Drawings:-The
armature cylinder, boss, or disc F, and the magnet cores G are made with a
continuous internal chamber or hollow extending into the solid portions of the
armature to form a passage way from an aperture on one side of the armature to
another aperture on the other, so that a current or stream of water, air, or other
liquid refrigerating medium can be circulated throughout the parts through the
main shaft of the machine as follows:-The said main shaft C is bored out centrally
from each side, but not so as to communicate therethrough, but form tubular
conduits 1, shown in dotted lines Fig. 1, through the ends of the shaft C, and at the
inner extremities of such boring and transversely of the shaft secondary borings 2
are made so far through the shaft as to meet the central borings 1 at right angles,
into which secondary borings 2 short lengths of tube 3 are fitted to connect with
the inlets or outlets + of the armature circulating chamber. The outer ends of
the shaft are furnished with thread 5 for reception of the cap of stuffing box,
through the centre of which cap is passed the end of a conduit tube corresponding
with the central borings of the shaft, said conduit tubes being carried in end
bearings or supports from the framing or bed plate of the machine. Thus a bead

page_text: or supply of water, air, or fluid cooling medium can be supplied to one of the
conduit tubes at one end of the shaft of the machine, and flow through the central
boring of the shaft to the aperture on one side of the armature chamber, out by the
opposite aperture to the other central boring of the shaft, and thence be led off by
the conduit tube passing through the stuffing box at the other end of the shaft in
direction of the arrows, Fig. 1, whereby a continual flow can be kept up through
the armature during its revolution to ensure the effectual cooling thereof. The
magnet cores G are preferably cast with the body F of the armature cylinder, boss,
or disc, or may be bolted thereon, and said body is in two halves, with the
corresponding portions of the chamber or passage provided therein, all as clearly
shown by the Drawings, and when put together may be fitted with a dividing
plate or plates, Fig. 1", through which is or are made a perforation at one part to
complete the continuous chamber for the circulation therethrough of the cooling
medium, and the divided portions of the armature are bolted together, or may be
brazed and bolted.
For the improved commutator represented in Figs. 1, 3, 3, 4, 4ª, there is
placed upon the one end of the main shaft C of the machine a metal barrel piece 7,
_ insulated at 8 from the shaft C, and having and running in an insulated bearing in
the centre boss of the stationary magnet standard (when said shaft and armature
are in position), and the barrel piece 7 carries on the inner end thereof on the inner
side-of-the-stationary_magnet standard terminals, to which are led and attached
the ends of one half of the number of the wires.of the magnets of the armature, and
the outer end of said-barrel-piece_7_forms sections 9 of the commutator,_and_is
provided with screw thread at 10 to engage with a nut-1-1,-and-the-parts 9 stand
away from the shaft C, and are divided from the remaining half of the sections 12-
Figs. 1, 4, and 4ª, of the commutator by the insulation Ï3; a left handed screw
thread 14 upon the shaft receives the portion of the commutator, Figs. 4 and 4a,
which acts as a nut, and the whole is held securely by a right handed lock nut 15.
The left handed thread 14, in conjunction with the lock nut 15, prevents the
commutator turning on the shaft C when the sleeve piece 7 is running in its
bearing in the end standard. The sections 12 of the commutator that are not in
contact with the barrel piece 7 are in contact with the shaft C, which is in
contact with the other half of the wires of the armature magnets. The sections of
the commutator in contact with the barrel piece 7, are, as before stated, held away
from the shaft C, and channels or recesses are thus formed, which correspond with
outer openings or a series of inlets for air at the end of the commutator, as
indicated by the arrows, so that as the shaft revolves air enters by these outer
openings into the recesses of the commutators and blows out at the divisions of
the sections thereof, thereby clearing and blowing away any metallic dust produced
by the brush action upon the commutator and tending to cool it.
It has hitherto been the custom to take the wires from the pairs of magnets to,
and either twist them together in cable form, or bring other separate wires or
cables up to them from the terminal and brush, to form the main circuit, thereby
allowing of considerable liability to imperfect contact, and being otherwise
inconvenient by reason of the wires carried along the shaft becoming damaged or 4
displaced in course of revolution; therefor, and to do away with these connections,
there is employed a pair of main connectors 16, 17, Fig. 5, upon each upright
standard described in the Specification of my Patent before referred to; one of the
said main connectors leads to the brush, as at X, and the other to one of the
terminals of the machine, as at Z, the ends of one half of the wires of the stationary 5
magnets being carried to each of the connectors, so that by the said connectors the
terminals are in fact brought solidly to the wires, instead of the wires to the
terminals, the said connectors being in form of a metal band encircling the boss of the
main standards of the machine, and carrying terminal holes and binding screws for
the wires of the magnet pairs, and connecting from the said encircling metal band 5
directly to the terminals of the machine by a substantial metal piece.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention, and

page_text: described the same in such wise that any one acquainted with such machinery may
readily carry the same into practical effect, I claim,-
First. The means of cooling the armature of dynamo-olectric machines by
internal hollows of the armature body communicating with the central borings of
the shaft fitted with stuffing boxes carrying the tubes for conducting the cooling
medium, as and for the purpose herein set forth and illustrated by the Drawings.
Second. The armature and shaft with the cooling appliance and commutator, as
and for the purpose herein set forth and shown by the Drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 3º, 4,
and 4, in combination with the end standards and fittings, Fig. 5, as set forth.
Third. The commutator herein described in combination with the shaft of the
dynamo machine, as and for the purpose set forth and shown in the Drawings,
Figs. 1, 3, 3, 4, and 40.
Fourth. The ring connectors 16 and 17, as and for the purpose herein set forth
and shown by Fig. 5 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Elmore, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one.
In the presence of
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Patent Agent & Engineer,
6, St. Paul's Churchyard,
E.C.
WILLIAM ELMORE. (L.S.)