IMPROVEMENTS IN SMARTY D ANDA
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dunnachie, of Glenboig, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SMARTY D
ANDA"
Sealed the 17th June 1870, and dated the 12th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dunnachie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th March 1870.
I, JAMES DUNNACHIB, of Glenboig, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOVES FOR DRYING BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN POTTERY," to be
as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in stoves for drying
or desiccating bricks and other articles in pottery previous to their being
burned or fired in kilns, has for its object the more effectual regulation
of the heat in such stoves, so that any one part of the stove is prevented
from being unduly heated, whilst by means of the Invention an
equalization of temperature is capable of being effected throughout the
drying or desiccating chambers.

page_text: The stove consists of a series of fire-grates connected by flues to one
common flue. leading to a chimney or stalk. A portion of the upper
part of these flues extending as far along the stove from the hot end as
may be considered necessary, is covered by insistent slabs or tiles of
fire-clay, stone, iron, or other material, and above the first set of such
slabs or tiles, and at a distance from them, a second set of slabs or tiles
is placed, the second set extending completely along the whole length
of the stove, and thus forming the floor on which the bricks or other
articles to be dried or desiccated arc placed.
By means of this arrangement the flame and heated gases from the
fires are prevented from having immediate contact with the front part
or upper covering of the floor of the stove, and as air is admitted in the
space between the two sets of slabs or tiles it lowers the temperature of
the said front part of the floor, and also mixes with the gases at a
distance inwards from the fires, thus ensuring their combustion and
raising to the required temperature the inner part of the floor.
The space between the two sets of slabs or tiles is, by preference,
provided with perforated iron plates, perforated brick, or other material,
and also with regulators or dampers of iron or with dampers of other
construction for the purpose of adjusting the quantity of air admitted..
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Dunnachie in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DUNNACHIE, of Glenboig, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the 33rd year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Dunnachie, Her special license that I,
the said James Dunnachie, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James Dunnachie, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: from time to time and at all tinies thereafter during the term. therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR
DRYING BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN POTTERY," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Dunnachie, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months. next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dunnachie, do hereby declare;
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be-
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention, which relates to improvements in stoves for drying-
or desiccating bricks and other articles in pottery previous to their being
burned or fired in kilns, has for its object the more effectual regulation,
of the heat in such stoves, so that any one part of the stove is prevented.
from being unduly heated, whilst by means of the Invention an
oqualization of temperature is capable of being effected throughout the
drying or desiccating chambers.
The stove consists of a series of fire-grates connected by flues to one
common flue leading to a chinney or stalk. A portion of the upper
part of these flues extending as far along the stove from the hot end as
may be considered necessary is covered by insistent slabs or tiles of
fire-clay, stone, iron, or other material, and above the first set of such
slabs or tiles and at a distance from them a second set of slabs or tiles*
is placed, the second set extending complètely along the whole length'
of the stove, and thus forming the floor on which the bricks or other
articles to be dried or desiccated' are placed.
By means of this arrangement the flame and heated gases. from the
fires are prevented from having immediate contact with the front part-
or upper covering of the floor of the stove, and as. air is admitted in the.
space between the two sets of slabs or tiles, it lowers the temperature of
the said front part of the floor..
.

page_text: The space between the two sets of slabs or tiles is, by preference,
provided with perforated iron plates, perforated brick, or other material,
and also with regulators or dampers of iron, or with dampers of other
construction, for the purpose of adjusting the quantity of air admitted.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, that is to say:
My Invention is capable of being carried out under several modi-
fications, and I shall first describe that one which I consider most 1
important, and of which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section; Figure 2
shows two half transverse sections upon the lines c, c, and d, d,
Figure 1, respectively, and Figure 3 two horizontal sections upon the
lines a, a, and b, b, Figure 1, of one modification of my improved stove
for drying or desiccating bricks or other articles in pottery. The same 1
letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in the
several Figures alluded to.
The fire grates A in the example shewn are two in number, but any
other number may be employed, and they are constituted of a box or
chamber B built of fire-brick or other material, and united to the end 2
wall C of the stove, as shown. In this wall arched openings D are
formed, corresponding in position to the interior of the chamber B, and
communicating with a transverse flue E, which is formed by means of a
wall F built across the entire width of the stove parallel with the end
wall C, and at the required distance from it. At right angles to the 2
wall F a series of walls G are built forming between them a series of
flues H, which communicate with the fluo E by means of openings I, as
more particularly seen at Figures 1 and 2, formed in the wall F and
terminating at the opposite end in one main flue J leading to the
chimney. A portion of the flues H, extending as far from the fire-grate
end as may in any case be necessary is covered by slabs or tiles K of
fire-clay or other material, as more particularly seen at Figures 1 and 2,
and above the first set a second series of slabs or tiles L is placed
extending over the entire area of the stove, and forming the floor upon
which the bricks or other articles to be dried are placed. The slabs or
tiles L are supported by means of the walls G carried up to the required
height, as shown, and consequently forming a double series of flues
above the flues H, the space between the upper and under slabs or

page_text: tiles K and L being subdivided by plates a¹, Figures 1 and 2, into flues d
and e, which communicate with the atmosphere by means of openings N
formed in the end wall C and with the flue E by the openings c¹. The
openings N are provided with perforated plates O of iron or other material
built into the end wall C. The openings N are also provided with
dampers or regulators P hinged upon a rod Q supported by brackets R
attached to the end wall C.
Having thus particularly described the arrangement or construction of
the stove, as shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the appended Sheet of
Drawings, its action or mode of operation will be more easily understood
as now about to be set forth.
The flames, heated gases, and products of combustion issuing from the
fires in the chambers B pass through the openings D into the transverse
flue E, where they are met by a current of air admitted through the
openings N, and conducted along the passages d and e, and finally
through the openings c¹ in the direction indicated by the arrows on
Figure 1; thence they, namely, the flames, heated gases, and products of
combustion pass through the openings I and along the series of flues H,
the direction in which they pass being shown by the arrows upon the
various Figures until they finally leave the stove through the flue J
leading to the chimney.
An important feature of this modification is that by means of the.
division a¹ the air as it passes through the flues & and e becomes heated,
and is therefore supplied in that state to unite with the burning gases
and products in the flue E. The arrangement herein-before described
has the effect of reducing the temperature upon the floor L at the end
nearest to the fires and occasions the combustion of the gases at the
point where they are mixed with the air, thereby producing as far as
is practicable an uniform temperature throughout the entire area of the
floor of the stove.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section, Figure 5 a horizontal section upon
the lines e, e, f,f, Figure 4 respectively, shewing a slightly different
arrangement for admitting air into my improved stove. In this modifi-
cation the dampers or regulators P are mounted upon studs S firmly
secured to the front wall C, as shown, upon which they slide and are
moved by the hand of an attendant to any position to admit the required
quantity of air, which is conducted along the flues M until it is met by

page_text: the flames, heated gases, and products of combustion at the point f
where the said flues M and the flues H unite.
It is further to be observed that the flues H are fewer in number in
this than in the preceding modification; but I do not confine myself
to any particular number or form of the said flues.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section showing another modification of
my improved stove, and differing from the former in so far as the lower
tier of slabs or tiles K forming the top or covering of the flues H are
carried, so as to cover the entire area of the stove, whilst the upper
floor of tiles or slabs L are carried out to about half the length of the
stove or to any distance that may be considered necessary, thus forming.
a break in the floor and causing the upper flues M to terminate at the
point where the slabs Lare discontinued. Under this modification the
bricks or other articles to be dried are laid upon the floor L at the end
nearest the furnace, whilst at the opposite end they are laid upon the
floor K. This arrangement is effectual in maintaining a practically
uniform temperature throughout the stove on account of the influx of
air through the flues M in the manner already set forth in reference
to the foregoing modifications.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the arrangement or construction of stoves for drying bricks and other
articles in pottery, wherein a second set of slabs, tiles, or plates is used
for the purpose of forming a double floor with an intervening air space,
thereby equalizing the temperature in the said stoves, as herein-before
described and shown on the appended Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dunnachic, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Ninth day of September, One
thousand cight hundred and seventy.
JAMES DUNNACHIE. (L.S.)