Improvements in or relating to the Preparation of Record Strips for Type Forming and Setting Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th July, 1900-Accepted, 15th Oct., 1900
Improvements in or relating to the Preparation of Record Strips for
Type Forming and Setting Machines.
A communication from THE LANSTON MONOTYPE-MACHINE COMPANY, a Corpora-
tion created and existing under the Laws of the State of Virginia, and
having its principal place of business at Washington, D.C., United States of
America.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, to be as
follows:-
-
The present invention relates, generically, to improvements in controllable
perforating mechanisms, and, specifically, to the class of manually controlled or
key board punching machines, such, for example, as those employed in connection
with the Lanston Monotype" and similar systems, for the production or pre-
paration of perforated record. strips or controllers, the latter being utilized to
govern or control other mechanisms, such as type making machinery, in the pro-
duction of printing characters.
Although, as will be obvious, numerous features of the invention are.applicable
to other styles and varieties of perforating machines, the several improvements
are shown as embodied in a perforating machine designed to accomplish the same
class of work and adapted to the same system as the perforating machine forming
the subject of Letters Patent No. 22208, dated 28th Sept. 1897, that is to say,
this machine, like that of the patent referred to, is specially organized to pro-
duce a perforated record strip or controller for governing a type making machine,
the perforations representing, by their number and relative arrangement, the char-
acters, spaces, justification adjustments, etc.
While the said points of similarity exists between the patented apparatus and
the present invention, by the present improvements the mechanisms for accom-
plishing the desired ends are greatly simplified, and while such mechanisms are
controlled by the operator, the labor of controlling the same is materially reduced
by the employment of intermediate power mechanism (in the present machine,
compressed air) and generally more accurate and complete, results are attained,
particularly with respect to the justification indications, the machine indicating
to the operator exactly which justification keys are to be struck in order to pro-
duce a record for a completely justified line, thereby eliminating all necessity
for mental calculation and the consequent liability of error.
Generally speaking, while the mechanism is an organized whole, designed for
accomplishing a unitary result, embodied in the record strip or controller, yet, for
the purposes of detail description and the more ready understanding of the
mechanical elements organized to produce such result the mechanism may be
divided into groups, such as, first, the paper feeding mechanism for advancing
the strip or ribbon at regular intervals and holding it in position to receive
the punches; second, the designating or punching mechanism by means of which
the appropriate designations or perforations are made in the record strip, said

page_text: perforations being properly distributed and combined so as to represent and con-
trol the production of the separate types, points, spaces, etc., pertaining to the
selected font, while certain other perforations control the setting of the justifying
mechanism to vary the thickness of the bodies (preferably only certain selected
bodies, as space type) set-ways, and to inaugurate the movement of the galley mech-
anism at the completion of each line; third, the key board or finger mechanism,
operating either mediately or immediately upon other mechanisms to control their
movements; fourth, the justifying indicator for indicating to the operator the
appropriate justification keys to be operated to make perforations for a properly
justified line; fifth, a line indicator for indicating the length of line, the number
of units occupied by the designated characters and the number of units remain-
ing unfilled in a line; and sixth, the resetting mechanism for restoring the parts,
particularly the indicating mechanism, to the zero point, ready for subsequent
operations.
The details of the several mechanisms and their co-relation will be now
described, the particular features of novelty of the said invention being set forth
in the appended claims.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
-
Figure is a perspective view of a key board record-producing mechanism
embodying the present improvements.
Figure 2 is a side elevation, looking at the right hand side, with a portion of
the justification chart broken away.
Figure 3 is a similar view looking at the opposite side of the machine.
Figure 4 is a top plan view, the record strip being removed.
Figure 5 is a front elevation, the justification chart.and record strip being
removed.
Figure 6 is a bottom plan showing the system of air pipes or ducts.
Figure 7 is a vertical section through a portion of the machine on a line from
front to rear at substantially the center.
Figure 8 is a transverse section in a plane longitudinally of the motor cylinders
for the units wheel, and rack.
Figure 9 is a transverse section taken in rear of said cylinders and looking
towards the front of the machine.
Figure 10 is a section taken on a substantially horizontal plane through the
top of the key board, to show the ducts for the horizontal rows of keys.
Figure 11 is a similar view taken on a somewhat higher plane, to show the
ducts for the columns of keys.
Figure 12 is a detail vertical section through one side of the key board, to show
one of the air ducts.
Figure 13 is a plan showing the preferred aggroupment of characters in the
key board, and also, diagramatically, the punches and some of the connections
with the keys.
Figure 14 is a diagramatic view of the key board and punch-operating pistons,
showing the connections with the horizontal rows and columns of keys.
Figure 15 is a detail sectional view taken longitudinally of one of the bars
which form the key board.
Figure 16 is a detail section taken at right angles to Figure 15.
Figure 17 is a detail elevation of the control shaft and some of the adjacent
mechanism.
Figures 18 and 19 are detail sections taken transversely through opposite ends
of the control shaft, to show the ports and passages leading to the motor cylinders.
Figure 20 is a top plan view of the pawls for operating the justification indi-
cator.
Figure 21 is a transverse detail section showing the pawl and justification indi-
cator bar in elevation.
Figure 22 is a top plan view of the rocking frame for controlling the paper
feed,

page_text: Figure 23 is a detail section through the paper feed motor cylinder and con-
trolling. valve.
Figures 24, 25 and 26 are details of the rack bar and associated mechanism.
Figure 27 is a detail perspective of the units rack carrier and rack.
Figure 28 is a vertical section through the units rack bar frame showing one
of the stops in elevation.
Figure 29 is a perspective view of the rack bar frame operating lever.
Figure 30 is an elevation of the group of stops or stop bars.
Figure 31 is a projection of the justification chart, a few only of the characters
being shown.
Figure 32 is a detail of the valve in the duct to the return motor cylinder for
the rack bar.
Figure 33 is a detail view of the stop for adjusting the length of the line.
Although the machine as a whole is commonly designated a key board, this
term is more properly applied to that portion of the machine containing and
including the finger pieces and the parts immediately associated therewith, and
it is with this understanding that the term is hereinafter employed.
By reference to Figure 1 it will be seen that the several mechanisms or groups
of mechanisms which go to make up the organized machine are mounted
upon a base, frame or casing 1, which may be of any approved form and con-
struction. The keys of the key-board occupy the front inclined portion, and may
be conveniently arranged in transverse or horizontal rows and perpendicular or
verticle columns as shown.
Back of the key board and above the rearwardly extending portion 2 of the
base, is located the indicating mechanism, the designating mechanism or punches,
and the paper supporting and feeding mechanisms, the said punches and paper
supporting and feeding mechanisms being preferably mounted in supplemental
frame 3, which may be bolted or otherwise fastened to the upper surface of the
rearward extension 2 of the base. But it will be understood that this base and
upwardly extending frame, including the parts 1, 2 and 3, constitute merely the
supporting frame of the machine and in mechanical construction and appearance
may be altered or varied or in fact entirely omitted, if other supports are substi-
tuted, without in any wise affecting the machine or the invention herein involved.
MECHANISM FOR HOLDING AND FEEDING THE PAPER.
The frame 3 is provided at the top with bearings 4, preferably open, for the
reception of the shaft of the supply roll 5, and, in addition, it is provided with
bearings 6, for the shaft of the winding or receiving roll 7, one of said bear-
ings 6. that on the left-hand side (Figures 3 and 5) having mounted in it a short
shaft terminating in a disk 8, from which the winding roll receives its motion;
and said shaft is provided, on the outer side of said bearing 6, with a gear
wheel 9, mounted loosely thereon and connected therewith through friction
disks 10 and an adjustable spring tension 11, for determining the power required
to move the said shaft and gear wheel 9 independently, for a purpose which will
presently appear.
The strip of paper or other material, in its passage from the supply roll 5 to
the winding roll 7, passes down around a curved die 12, preferably made hollow
and with an opening at the top for the removal of punchings, which latter are
forced into it by means of punches, working up through a die or guide bar 13
(Figure 7) into the curved die 12, as will presently appear.
Passing centrally through the curved die 12, with its axis coincident with the
curvature of the face of said die, is a paper feed shaft 14. This shaft carries
at each end of the die 12 a pin wheel 15, adapted to enter and co-operate with
previously formed marginal perforations in the paper strip. At its left hand
end the feed shaft 14 carries a gear wheel 16, meshing with an idler 17 journaled
on the side of the frame 3, said idler also meshing with the gear wheel 9, the
arrangement being such that when rotation is imparted to the feed shaft 14,
the winding shaft, through the train of gears and disk 8, will also be rotated,

page_text: and any variation in feed due to the increasing size of the winding roll will
be compensated for by the slip of the gear 9 upon the shaft of the winding roll,
so that the tension of the paper will be maintained, and its forward movement
restrained and controlled with certainty by the movement of the shaft and pin
wheels before referred to.
Obviously, the feeding movement of the paper must take place at a time when
the punches are withdrawn therefrom, and for this purpose at the left hand end
of the feed shaft there is provided an intermittently operating feeding mechan-
ism, preferably a pawl and ratchet driver, operated by mechanism thrown into
action for feeding the paper as the punches are retracted.
A ratchet wheel 18, Figure 2, is rigidly mounted on the end of the feed shaft 14,
and co-operating with this ratchet wheel, to rotate the same, is a pawl 19, mounted
on a pawl-carrier and lock-release 20 journaled on the extreme end of the shaft 14.
The pawl-carrier is adapted to be reciprocated by a connecting rod 21 extending
down into the base of the machine and connected with a motor piston (see
Figure 23) whose operation will be hereinafter more specifically described in
connection with the punching mechanism. When the pawl-carrier is moved
forward it is obvious that the ratchet wheel and feed shaft will be advanced
a definite distance, or a distance proportionate to the range of movement of the
pawl-carrier, and this range of movement is determined by an adjustable stop 22
on the frame of the machine. To hold the pawl 19 in position to engage the
teeth of the ratchet wheel 18, and, also, to aid the forward movement of the pawl-
carrier, a spring 23 is attached at one end to the rear portion of the pawl and
at the opposite end to the frame.
To prevent retrograde movement of the feed shaft, a holding pawl 24 is em-
ployed, the latter being pivoted on the frame and held in engagement with
the ratchet wheel 18 by a spring 25, and in order to prevent any overthrow of
the feed shaft, and to cause the same to stop when a definite feed has taken
place, the said shaft 14 is provided with a second reversely-toothed ratchet
wheel 26 (Figures 1 and 5) with which latter a spring pressed locking pawl 27,
Figure 2, is adapted to co-operate when thrown into engagement therewith by the
pawl-carrier 20 the latter co-operating with the rear end of the said locking or
checking pawl 27. The locking or check pawl 27 it will be understood is normally
held out of engagement by its spring, while the pawl-carrier 20 throws it into
engagement with the teeth of its ratchet wheel at the proper instant, to check the
forward movement of the feed shaft when the desired extent of feed has taken
place, thereby ensuring a uniform feed and preventing any overthrow of the
paper feeding mechanism.
THE PUNCHING MECHANISM.
The punches 226 (thirty-one in number in the present machine) work up
through the guide bar 13, and into the die 12, which latter, as before stated,
is made hollow for the reception of the punchings. The guide bar 13, properly
spaces and maintains the position and alignment of the punches themselves, and
said punches are connected at their lower ends, preferably by a rivet or pin,
with the upper ends of a corresponding series of punch bars 227, the latter
passing down through a guide 28, and having their lower ends pivotally con-
nected with a corresponding series of operating levers 29. These operating
levers 29 (Figure 7) are pivotally mounted, at their forward ends, upon a shaft
carried in bearings 30 (Figure 6) on the under side of the base frame 1; and
the connection between the said levers and the punch bars is preferably formed
by recessing the said levers at one side and forming the end of the punch bar
to fit such recess, whereby a pivotal connection is formed without the employ-
ment of pins and without occupying a materially greater space than the thick-
ness of the levers themselves.
The punches comprising the series are arranged side by side in line (shown
diagrammatically in Figure 13, and in front elevation in Figure 5,) whose length

page_text: is somewhat less than the width of the record strip or paper within the marginal
perforations, and in their several combinations the punches are designed to pro-
duce perforations representing all of the characters and spaces on the finger
pieces of the key board, including the justification indications for varying the
body width of the justifying type.
The punching and indicating mechanisms are connected to and derive motion
from the series of levers 29, but inasmuch as the finger keys constitute the
primary controlling element of the machine it is necessary to supply a competent
connecting system intermediate said levers and the finger keys, whereby the latter
may exercise the desired control over the former.
Heretofore elaborate lever mechanisms have been interposed between the finger
keys and punches for controlling the latter, but they are necessarily complicated,
cumbersome and costly, besides which they operate as material limitations upon
the speed capacity of the machine. To overcome these and other defects incident
to the use of mechanical connections and to simplify the construction of the
machine as well as to lighten the labor of the operator, a pneumatic or fluid
pressure system has been devised and embodied in the present machine.
these ends in view the levers 29 are arranged to be operated by pneumatic or fluid
pressure devices, the application of the latter to or upon the several levers
being controlled by the movements of the finger pieces through suitable valves
connected to or preferably formed integral with the finger pieces.
With
In the simplest form of application of this principle, each of the levers 29 has
connected with it a motor piston 31, (Figures 7 and 9,) working in a cylinder
preferably formed in a cylinder block 32, supported by the rear portion 2 of the
base frame and extending across beneath the rear ends of the said
levers 29. Each cylinder is furnished with a duct or passage 33 through
which communication is established by means of tubes or conduits with a pressure
supply chamber, as will hereinafter be more particularly described.
Pressure supplied to any cylinder or combination of cylinders beneath the
pistons 31 will raise the same, together with the connected levers, and such levers
in turn will operate the punch bars. The range of movement of the levers may be
controlled by a horizontal frame 34 adjustably mounted in the rear end of the
base, and their position, laterally, may also be controlled by guides 35, between
winch the reduced ends 36 of the levers 29 move.
A rocking frame 37, (Figures 7 and 22) journaled on a shaft 38, extends hori-
zontally above the rear ends of the levers 29, and bearing upon the top of this
rocking frame is a spring pressed piston or push rod 39, for ensuring a prompt
and uniform. return of the levers to their normal positions after being operated;
and in order to regulate the power exerted by the rocking frame 37, the spring 40
for depressing the push rod 39 is preferably extended above the base frame in
position to be readily accessible from the exterior of the machine, as will be
understood from an inspection of Figure 7.
As will be seen from the foregoing the frame 37 is oscillated each time any
one or more of the levers 29 is raised, and advantage is taken of this fact to
operate the paper feed mechanism during the return stroke of the levers or the
downward movement of the rocking frame 37. To accomplish this result, there
is adjustibly connected to one end of the said frame 37 the stem 41 of a valve 42,
(Figure 23) which latter controls the admission and exhaust of pressure in the
cylinder 43, containing the piston 44, connected with the paper feed operating
rod 21. Pressure is maintained in the valve chest through a conduit 45, and
this pressure may be admitted either above or below the piston 44, through
ports 46 in the valve, and the pressure may be exhausted either from above or
below said piston through the ports 47 in said valve. The ports are so arranged
that when the valve is elevated by the upward movement of the rocking frame 37
pressure will be admitted above the piston 44 and exhausted from beneath the
same, the Daper feed pawl carrier being thereby drawn down without operating the
paper feed shaft.
As the frame 37 returns to its normal or lowered position,

page_text: the conditions are reversed, and pressure is admitted beneath the piston 44 and
exhausted from above the same, the paper feed pawl-carrier being thereby given
its opérative or upward stroke, to feed the paper forward ready for the next
designating or perforating operation.
KEY BOARD OR FINGER MECHANISM.
Inasmuch as the punched strip, the product of the present embodiment of the
invention, is the controlling element of a special form of type casting and com-
posing machine, and serves, by its perforations, to position the die case by move-
ments in transverse planes, to center the selected matrix, said die case containing
a series of matrices arranged symmetrically in lines and columns, each column
containing characters of the same width, setwise, and each line, characters whose
widths increase progressively from one end of the line to the other, it becomes
a, matter of convenience and advantage to adopt the same arrangement of char-
acters on the key board. That is to say, the finger pieces for controlling the
punches correspond in their relative arrangement with the columns and lines of
the die-case in the character producing or casting machine, and in order to produce
proper combinations of punches, those punches producing representations of
characters in the columns will be operated by the columns of finger pieces, and
those producing representations of characters in the lines will be operated by the
lines of finger pieces, consequently when any finger piece is operated,
the mechanism will be set into action so as to simultaneously advance a punch
for designating the column in which said finger piece is located, and a second
punch for designating the particular character in that column; or, in other words,
the line in which that finger piece is located.
For convenience, of manipulation, the finger pieces of the key board are arranged
on an inclined plane at the front of the machine, each horizontal row being
successively higher than the next preceding row. The finger pieces 48 are each
in the form of a valve for controlling the admission of pressure to the motor
cylinders of the operating levers, and as a convenient means for supplying this
pressure, the front and upper portion of the base frame 1 is made hollow and
constitutes a pressure supply chamber 49, Figure 7, to which pressure may be
supplied from any suitable source, as a pump or reservoir, through a flexible
connection, as shown at 50 in Figures 3 and 4. For convenience of manufacture
the top of the pressure chamber 49 is preferably formed of a series of bars 51,
each having a series of vertical perforations and projections 52 (Figure 7, 15
and 16) in which the valves or steins 53 of the finger pieces 48 work. Extending
longitudinally of each bar 51, that is from front to rear of the board, is a
channel, main or passage 54 (Figures 11, 12 and 16), one for each column of finger
pieces. There is also formed in each of said bars a series of transverse passages 55
(Figures 10, 12 and 15) which register and form conduits or mains extending
from side to side of the key board, there being one of such passages for each of
the horizontal rows of finger pieces.. The passages 54, 55, corresponding to the
columns and rows on the key board, have openings or ports (shown clearly in
Figures 10, 11, 15 and 16) which communicate with the chambers or vertical
openings in which the valves or stems 53 of the finger pieces work, and said
valve or finger piece stems are so formed that when one of them is depressed,
it will open the channel of the row and also the channel of the column at
whose intersection the said finger piece is located, for the admission of pressure
to said channels from the pressure chamber beneath. In the specific construc-
tion preferably employed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the
stem 53 of each finger piece has its lower end slightly enlarged so as to form
a valve seating at 56 (Figure 16) when moved upwardly; and immediately above
such valve seat there is formed, in the body of the stem, an elongated opening
and transverse passage 57, which, when the finger piece is depressed, will extend
down into the pressure chamber and permit the air or fluid pressure to enter the
channels as above described. The valves will be held up automatically by the

page_text: pressure in the pressure chamber, and in order to prevent them from turning
in their bearings, the fower ends may be slotted, and through the slots thus
formed are passed transverse rods or wires 58 held by depending lugs 59
(Figures 12, 15 and 16). A single rod or wire 58 will thus serve to position
and retain a whole row of valves or finger pieces, thereby forming a very simple
vet efficient means for accomplishing the desired ends.
The several bars 51 may be conveniently clamped in place and held together,
so as to constitute a complete top for the pressure chamber, by means of through
bolts 60, Figure 10, and it will be observed from this figure, that in order
to provide sufficient space for said bolts without conflicting with the passages 55,
two of such passages or mains 55 have been arranged between alternate rows
of finger pieces, and the said passages 55, when so located, are preferably extended
out at opposite sides of the key board so as to afford additional space for the
ducts. Communicating with the passages 54 and 55, are a corresponding series
of ducts or pipes 61 (Figures 6, 7 and 12) leading to the passages 33, of the
lever motor cylinders 32, Figure 7. Obviously the particular arrangement of
these pipes is not material, and they may be arranged to suit the convenience of
the manufacturer, or the ducts may be introduced according to any desired
system, it only being essential that the ducts should lead from the proper rows
and columns in the key board to the proper punch operating cylinders.
In Figure 14 will be found a diagramatic view of the arrangement of, ducts
employed in the present machine, and from this figure it will be seen that for
each horizontal row there is provided a duct or main leading to one of the punch
operating cylinders, and also a duct or main from each vertical column leading
to one of the said cylinders, and inasmuch as this diagram is of the particular
machine herein shown, wherein but one character is adapted to have its body
width varied for justification, there is an additional channel for the punch indi-
cating this character, to wit, the space character or type, as will be presently
described.
The arrangement is such that ordinarily combinations of two punches will be
set up for each type designation, but it is obvious that by properly connecting
the mains or conduits with other motor cylinders, or providing other mains or
branch mains, any desired number of punches may be operated, or duplicate
punching mechanism may be operated for making duplicate record strips or con-
trollers.
As before intimated, the character producing or casting machine for which the
representations or character indications are produced in the present machine,
contemplates the use of a die carrier having movements back and forth on lines
at right angles to each other, such combined movements being adapted to bring
any particular character to the centering or casting point. But it is to be noted
that in said machine the extreme advance movement of the die carrier in each
of the two transverse planes is determined by a fixed stop, hence in the record
producing or punching machine of the present application, it is unnecessary
to provide indications for these two positions of adjustment of the die carrier.
For example, the column of characters along one edge of the die or matrix
carrier being all of a given body width and the column designated by the fixed
stop, it is only necessary to employ a perforation or representation for selecting
the proper row or line in which the character is located on the other hand,
if the character is in the last line, designated by a fixed stop. it is only necessary
to provide a perforation for indicating or designating the particular column in
which the desired character is located. Because of this arrangement it is not
necessary to provide a punch for indicating the right hand column of the key
board, nor to provide a punch for indicating the bottom line or row, this column
and this row corresponding to the extreme movements of the die carrier in the
casting machine, as just mentioned. In order, however, to provide the necessary
power for operating the several parts, and for properly operating the indicating
mechanism, there is provided in the present machine, levers 29, which correspond

page_text: to and are operated by the right hand column and bottom row, but no punches are
attached thereto. In the machine illustrated there are fifteen columns and
seventeen rows of characters on the key board and in addition, there is an
anomalous finger piece, to wit, that for indicating the justifying character or
space whose body width is to be varied, said finger piece being shown in
Figure 13 at the lower left hand corner of the key board. This space-indi-
cating finger piece will set up a punch corresponding to the column in which
it is located, but instead of being connected to a punch corresponding to the row
in which it is located it is provided with a separate passage 62 (see Figure 10)
leading to another punch, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 13. It will
be seen, therefore that there is employed in the present machine a total of thirty-
one punches for making the two hundred and fifty-five designations contemplatod
in the present machine.
The
This total of two hundred and fifty-five designations includes the designations
for line and column and for setting the justifying devices of the casting machine
for producing the proper increment in body width in each of the justifying
characters or spaces to give a completely justified line of composition.
punches for producing the designations for setting the justifying mechanism of
the casting machine are controlled preferably by the two upper rows of finger
pieces having numerals thereon as represented in Figure 13, and according to
the particular unit of body width adopted in the present apparatus, the top row
is calculated on the basis of .0075 of an inch and multiples thereof, and the
second row on the basis of .0005 of an inch and multiples thereof. By com-
binations of the two indications, the casting machine may be controlled to produce
substantially perfect justification under any condition which can arise in practice.
The marking of the finger pieces of these justification designation keys with
numerals is arbitrary, and is done in this machine to correspond with similar
markings upon the justification chart, to be hereinafter described, which latter
is set automatically by the machine and indicates to the operator exactly which
of the justifying finger pieces are to be operated for producing designations to
set the casting machine for giving a completely justified line.
So far as the present machine is concerned the mechanism for producing the
justifying designations is identical with that for producing the character desig-
nations, the positions of the designations on the record strip giving the desired
control in the casting machine.
JUSTIFYING MECHANISM AED MECHANISM FOR OPERATING THE SAME.
This mechanism is designed to indicate to the operator exactly which justifica-
tion keys are to be struck for producing designations representing the amount
of body thickness, set-ways, to be added to each of the justifying type bodies
occurring in any given line. It is one of the objects of the invention to provide
a mechanism which will, without increasing the labor of the operator, register
accurately the total number of units occupied by the characters previously desig-
nated in the record strip or ribbon for any given line, and to cause an indi-
cating hand or pointer to register with a suitable chart, dial or card, or the
like, bearing upon it combinations of figures or letters corresponding to the justi-
fying keys (shown in the present apparatus in the two upper rows of finger
pieces). The indicated keys, when struck, will produce the necessary perforations
or designations representing the exact increment to be added to each of the justi-
fying type bodies (space type in the present apparatus) to produce a perfectly
justified line, thereby eliminating from the problem all necessity for mental
calculation on the part of the operator and enabling him, by simply following
the chart, card or dial, to strike the proper justification keys at the termination
of each line of character designations.
The present embodiment of the invention contemplates the employment of a
units wheel which is advanced or given a movement corresponding with, or in
definite proportion to, the number of units contained in each one of the characters

page_text: designated in the record strip, a chart bearing the requisite number of key indi-
cations (letters or numbers corresponding to similar letters or numbers on the
justification keys themselves), and a justification indicator which is advanced, or
the chart advanced with relation thereto, each time a designation or perforation
for one of the justifying types (spaces) is made so as to effect registration with
a line of indications on the chart corresponding to the number of such type bodies
contained in the line of type or designations thereof in the record strip.
Obviously the necessary movements of the indicating mechanism may be
secured by moving the chart itself while the pointer for registering therewith
remains stationary, or the pointer may be moved while the chart remains sta-
tionary, or, on the other hand, and as applied in the present machine, both may
be moved to secure the desired ends; that is to say, the chart is moved in
accordance with the body widths of the type previously designated in the line of
composition and the pointer is moved in accordance with the number of justify-
ng (space) type included in said line.
The indicating mechanism is preferably located immediately in rear of the key
board or finger pieces and in front of the punches and punch bars, although,
obviously, it may be placed elsewhere; but this is found to be a convenient
location, both because of its proximity to the field of view of the operator, and
because of the proximity of the controlling parts or operating levers therefor.
The major portion of the indicating mechanism is mounted in an indicator
frame 63 supported on the base 2 of the machine, and is shown in the several
elevations of the whole apparatus, and in cross section in Figures 7 and 8. A
units wheel 64 having a toothed periphery is mounted on a shaft 65 journaled
in the upper portion of the frame 63, preferably centrally of the machine, and
this units wheel is adapted to be advanced or is given an angular movement
proportionate to the value or body width of each type as it is designated on the
record strip.
For the purpose of advancing the units wheel it is preferably placed under the
influence of a motor which acts constantly during the designation of a line, to
which end the shaft 65 is provided with a pinion 66 which meshes with a trans-
versely-movable units motor rack 67. The power for moving the units wheel is
transmitted through the rack 67 and is derived from a motor piston 68 and
cylinder 69, to which pressure is admitted through a duct 70 leading back into
the base of the machine to the pressure chamber 49. The motor rack is returned
to its normal position by a motor return piston and cylinder 71, 72, located pre-
ferably opposite the motor cylinder and piston 68, 69, and receiving its pressure
through a duct 73, leading to the pressure chamber 49. The admission of pressure
to one or the other of the cylinders 69, 72, is controlled through an intermediate
valve mechanism, to be hereinafter more specifically described in connection
with the resetting devices, and it is sufficient. for the present that. the pressure
during the time the line of designations is being produced remains on the motor
piston 68 with a constant tendency to rotate the units wheel. forwardly.
The units wheel is held in check or against rotation by means of a locking
pawl or dog 74, pivoted on an upward extension of the frame 63 with its oppo-
site end guided in a similar extension of said frame so as to ensure a correct move-
ment towards and from the units wheel. The dog 74 is held down in engagement
with the toothed periphery of the units wheel by a spring 75 and.is elevated or
lifted out of engagement, to permit the units wheel to rotate,. by means of a
push rod 76. extending down into the base of the machine and connected to the
releasing mechanism.
When the units wheel is released by the upward movement of the dog 74, it
is obvious that it must be controlled in its advance in order to register the
proper body width of the character designated at the. time, and to accomplish
this result as the said dog is released, or immediately preceding the actual release.
a units rack is thrown. into mesh with said wheel and allowed to advance until
arrested by a stop or stops which latter serve to determine or measure the advance

page_text: of the wheel. These stops are arranged in accordance with the units value of
the character designated.
The units rack, numbered 77 (shown clearly in Figures 7, 27 and 28), is adapted
to move tangentially to the periphery of the units wheel in bearings formed in
the front edge of a units rack carrier or rocking frame. 78 journaled in the
frame 63. The frame 78 is limited in its movements for bringing the rack into
and out of mesh with the units wheel by means of adjustable stops 79 and 80.
The units rack carrier 78 is provided with a pin or projection S1, Figure 27,
working in a slot in the push rod 76, the play allowed said pin as the units
rack carrier is elevated being sufficient to permit the said rack to come into
initial mesh with the units wheel before the push rod is operated by the pro-
jection, to release the locking dog 74; thus the units rack is always engaged
prior to the release of the locking dog, and the locking dog is allowed to come
into engagement prior to the disengagement of the units rack, the result being
that the units wheel is under the control of the units rack at all times when not
locked in position by the dog.
When released the units wheel will tend to advance the units rack until arrested
by one or the other of a series of stops, as will be presently explained, and
when released from the influence of the units wheel, said rack is returned to its
normal position by means of a spring 82, Figure 1, attached at one end to the
units rack and at the opposite end to the frame of the machine.
The units rack itself is preferably provided with a projection 83, adapted to
co-operate with one or the other of a series of stops 84 working vertically in the
frame 63 and adapted to be projected into the path of the units rack by pre-
viously selected operating levers 29. These stops 84 which serve to measure the
advance movements of the units wheel are preferably in the form of vertical bars
arranged side by side with their upper ends each of a thickness corresponding
to the unit of the type bodies, while their lower ends are provided with circular
bearings 85 adapted to fit into recesses formed in the sides of the operating
levers 29 (see Figure 7); whereby, when a lever having a stop bar connected
therewith is operated, its stop bar will be projected above the other stop bars
and into the path of the projection on the units rack, in position to arrest the
movement of the latter and with it the units wheel, when the locking dog is with-
drawn from the latter.
According to the system to which the present machine has been specially
adapted the type are divided into fifteen sizes, the smallest being six units in
width, with a uniform increment of one unit throughout the series, progressively;
hence, the first column to the left on the key board represents six unit type. the
next column seven unit, and so on, increasing by one unit, until the last or right
hand column represents twenty unit type.
The space type to which the justification increase is applied has a normal value
of less than that of the smallest type: in the present instance four units. To
measure these units, the stops 84 corresponding with the several columns of
characters are so formed or proportioned that each will represent or have a value
of one unit, while the first stop of the series, corresponding with the space type,
is so formed or located with respect to the normal or starting point of the units
rack that it will intercept or arrest the latter when it shall have travelled say
four units, said justifying space type being provided with a lateral projection
or off-set 86 (Figure 30) increasing its thickness to two units.
The number of stops 84 therefore corresponds with the number of vertical
columns in the key board, to wit, fifteen, with one additional stop for registering
the number of units in the justifying character (space) type, and these stops 84
are connected respectively with the operating levers corresponding to the vertical
columns in the key board. The number of units in body width in the several
columns is arbitrary, and if several columns have the same body width, the
connection may be made for operating the same stop, or, if the units in the several

page_text: columns vary, otherwise than uniformly, the stops may be correspondingly
positioned or made thicker or thinner to secure the desired registration.
By reference to Figures 9 and 14, the arrangement will be comprehended at
once, and from these figures it will be seen that commencing with the left hand
operating lever in Figure 9, (omitting the second lever, which is the lever corre-
sponding to the top row as shown in Figure 14) the stops are connected with
each lever in succession up to the sixteenth lever, while the space character
stop is connected with the twenty-third lever, counting from the left hand side
in Figure 9 and from the right hand side in Figure 14. The intermediate
portion of this last mentioned stop-bar is deflected laterally whereby its upper
end is brought into proximity to the other stops so that the whole number of
stops may be grouped and held between one set of guides.
Obviously, each time one of the stop-bars and stops is raised and a punch or
combination of punches operated to make a designation, the rocking frame,
together with the units rack, should also be raised, and in order to ensure proper
co-relative movement between the stops and the units rack, it is preferred to
operate the rocking frame through the medium of the stop-bars and stops them-
selves, for which purpose the bars 84 are provided on their rear edges with pro-
jections 87, which, when the stops have moved upwardly a sufficient distance to
lie in the path of the projection 83 on the units rack 77, will rock the frame 78,
throw the units rack 77 into mesh with the units wheel and release the wheel
from the action of the locking dog, whereupon the units rack, under the influence
of the units wheel, will advance until its forward movement is arrested by the
stops 84, which started it into action.
In order to properly time the movements of the units wheel and parts con-
trolled thereby so as to prevent retardation of the other portions of the mech-
anism thereby effecting an increase in the speed capacity of the machine, it is
desirable that the units wheel should be released as soon as practicable after the
movement of the stops and operating levers has been inaugurated, thus allowing
the units wheel and connected parts to advance simultaneously with the final
portion of the advance movement of the operating levers and punches. To accom-
plish this, sufficient play is allowed between the stop-bars and frame to permit the
bars to rise into the path of the projection 83 before the frame 78 begins to
move, and a spring or elastic connection is interposed between the frame 78 and
its operating mechanism so that the latter may make its full stroke.
A convenient means for accomplishing these results is shown in Figures 27,
28 and 29, wherein a blade or wing S8 is shown pivotally mounted on the under
side of the rocking frame 78 and projecting over and lying in proximity to the
projections 87 on the stops 84. A rearward extension 89 of this blade or wing 88
is connected through a light spring 90 with an adjustable hanger or support 91
mounted on the frame 78. The upward movement of the arm 89, and, con-
sequently, the downward movement of the blade SS, is limited by a set screw 92.
and, in operation, the initial movement of any one or more of the stops 84 brings
up into the path of the projection 83, the projection 87 on the stop then engages
the wing or blade 88 and lifts the frame 78, the tension of spring 90 being
sufficient for this purpose, thereby throwing the rack 77 into mesh with the units
wheel, as before explained. The frame 78 being now arrested in its upward
movement by the stop 79, a further movement of the stop is permitted by the
yielding of the spring 90.
it
Obviously other forms of spring connection between these parts might be sub-
stituted, but that shown gives a wide range of movement with a very uniform
tension, and in practice has been found to be highly efficient.
The justification indicator proper, or that part from which the readings are
taken, is controlled in its advance movements by or to correspond with those of
the units wheel; but inasmuch as it is not required, in the present form of
apparatus, that readings should be taken or attention be given to the justification

page_text: indications until the end of the line is. approached the indicator is arranged to
remain stationary or inactive during the first portion of the advance of the units
wheel, and is engaged and advanced only during a pre-determined small portion
of the final movement of the units wheel as it approaches the end of the line;
although it might, if for any reason or purpose desired, be connected for operation
during the entire or any definite part of the movement of the units wheel.
The connections for operating and controlling the movements of the indicator
are shown in Figures 7, 8 and 26, wherein, in the frame 63, 'above the units
wheel shaft 65, is journaled a shaft 93, having upon it a pinion 94 adapted to
mesh with a secondary rack 95 carried by the units motor rack 67. In addition
to the pinion 94, the said shaft at its rear end carries a bevel pinion 96 meshing
with a smaller pinion 97 on the vertical shaft 98, and upon the upper end
of this latter shaft is mounted a spider or carrier 99 for the chart or justifica-
tion cylinder.
The justification chart is preferably in the form of a cylinder 100, à projection
of which is shown in Figure 31.
It is divided vertically and horizontally into sections representing lines and
columns, each section bearing letters, figures or other indicia corresponding with
the markings on the two upper or justification rows of finger pieces of the key-
board. Each line corresponds with a given number of justification characters
such as space type-occurring in a line of composition, while the letters,
figures, etc., in the lines, in other words, the columns, represent the justification
keys whose value, added to the normal value of the justincation space type, will
correspond to the width to be accorded each justification character or space type
in order to fill out the line.
For example, the first line, counting from the bottom, may represent or corre-
spond to one justification character or space type occurring in a line; the second
line will correspond to two justification spaces, and so on to any desired extent.
The number of justification spaces occurring in a line of composition does not
alone indicate the value, in width, of said spaces, this factor being a product of
the total space to be filled by justification divided by the number of justifica-
tion spaces occurring in the line, consequently each line of the chart is pro-
vided with a series of characters representing different combinations of justinea-
tion keys whose aggregate value equals the amount of space remaining to be filled
by justification divided by the number of spaces represented by the line in which
said characters occur.
It will be observed that the justification value is not represented in terms upon
the chart, but merely the justification keys, or two uppermost rows of finger pieces
on the key board, hence it is only required of the operator that he should strike
the particular justification key or keys indicated by the chart.
The flat chart after being formed into a cylinder 100, is mounted upon a
ring 101, which may be placed in position upon the spider or frame 99 and held
thereon by the pins 102, this form of attachment being adopted in order to
permit of the ready substitution of different charts or cylinders for use in con-
nection with different fonts of type as in such case, different justification values
would have to be accorded the space type or justification characters.
As before stated, the justification chart or cylinder is operated by the motor
rack 67 through the medium of the supplemental rack 95, and in order that the
latter may act upon the justification chart or cylinder without undue shock,
the said supplemental rack 95 is mounted upon the motor rack 67 so as to be
permitted a limited longitudinal movement thereon, and is held normally
retracted by a spring 103; thus, when the motor 67 advances suddenly, upon the
release of the units wheel, its motion will be imparted to the chart through the
medium of the spring 103 and said spring will, while allowing for elasticity in
the movement, bring said chart quickly to its correct position.
It will be understood that the justification chart together with the train of
gears 97, 96 and 94, remain inactive until the supplemental rack 95 is brought

page_text: into mesh with the gear 94, and, in order to ensure an accurate registration or
engagement of the supplemental rack and gear wheel, the shaft 93 is provided
with an arm 104 adapted to contact with or be engaged by a pin 105 on the
supplemental rack for initiating the movement of the justification cylinder and
connected parts. The pin 105 and the arm. 104 may be set so as to effect á
proper co-operation of the teeth on the gear wheel and rack, respectively, and
thus ensure accurate results even though the adjustment be somewhat loose, and
the form and size of the teeth and gear wheel be somewhat inaccurate.
As a convenient means for mounting the supplemental rack 95, the motor
rack 67 is recessed, as shown clearly in Figures 25 and 26, for the reception of
the supplemental rack 95, the attachment between the two being formed by a pin
and slot connection 106.
The movement of the justification chart by the motor rack imposes upon said
rack a greater amount of work than it would otherwise have to perform, and
to prevent retardation due to this cause and ensure a prompt and ready action
of the justification chart, a supplemental motor for the chart is preferably
employed and arranged to be thrown into action immediately after the supple-
mental rack meshes with the pinion 94. This supplemental motor is shown in
section in Figure 8, and in rear elevation in Figure 9, from which it will be
seen that immediately above the cylinders 69 and 72 there is arranged another
cylinder 107, containing a piston 108, carrying a rack 109, the latter meshing
with pinion 94. Pressure aumitted to the cylinder 107 will drive the piston and
rack in a direction the reverse of that in which the motor rack 67 is moving.
The return movement of the piston and rack 108, 109, is secured by means of a
relatively light coiled spring 110 interposed between the front end of the pistou
and a stop 111 upon the frame, said spring preterably surrounding a rod 112 con-
nected with the piston and working through the stop 111.
To throw the supplemental motor into action at the proper moment, the end
of the cylinder 107 is connected by a pipe or duct 113, Figure 9, with the
cylinder 69, as indicated in Figure 8, the point of communication with the
cylinder being such that in the travel of the motor rack 67, its piston '68 wifi
pass beyond the opening of the duct 113, just as the pinion 94 meshes with the
supplemental rack, and, consequently, pressure is at such time admitted to the
cylinder 107, and the piston 1US then acts in conjunction with the motor rack
and piston 68 to rotate the justification chart forwardly, practically relieving
the motor rack and piston of the additional labor required io turn the chart.
For registering with the justification chart or cylinder, there is provided a
pointer 114, preferably in the form of a horizontal rod having an opening in its
end through which the justification-key characters on the chart may be read,
and this pointer 114 is mounted upon the upper end of a vertical carrier or rod 115
extending down into the base of the machine, and adapted to be elevated a dis-
tance corresponding to the distance between the adjacent rows on the justifica-
tion cylinder, each time one of the justifying characters or space type is desig-
nated in the record strip or ribbon. The carrier 115 slides in a bearing 116,
Figure 9, and its lower portion is provided with ratchet teeth, as shown in
Figures and 21. Co-operating with the teeth on this carrier 115 are a pair
of pawls 117 and 118, both spring pressed, the one mounted in fixed bearings
on the frame, while the other is mounted upon the end of a lever 119, journaled
at the further end on the frame and connected at an intermediate point by
means of a rod or connector 120, Figure 7, with the lever 29. This lever 29 is
operated by the space-character finger piece, to wit, the twenty-third lever count-
ing from the left hand side in Figure 9, so that each time the said lever 29 is
operated it will in turn move the lever 119, and the latter, acting through its
pawl 117, will raise the rack 115 a proper distance, where it will be caught and
held by the pawl 118. Each time, therefore, one of the justifying characters
or spaces is indicated in the record strip, the pointer 114 will be advanced one
step so as to register with a new line on the justification chart, and when any

page_text: of the other characters on the key board are indicated in the record strip, the
units wheel will advance in accordance with the body width thereof, and, at
the proper time, the justification chart will begin to move in unison with said
units wheel. The indications on the chart registering with the pointer, shows
the operator exactly which justification indicating keys are to be struck for pro-
ducing designations in the record strip which will set the casting machine and
give the required justification by varying the body width of the justification
characters or space type.
LINE INDICATOR.
Extending across the machine in front of the units wheel is a guide or
track 121, supported by the frame 63 and having upon its front side a line scale
or graduation marks for indicating the space remaining unfilled in a line, or
the length of the line, as will be readily understood. Sliding in this track is
a line rack bar 122, whose position is such that it will mesh with a pinion 123
on the front end of the units wheel shaft 65; thus the said line rack bar will
be moved in exact accordance with the units wheel in both directions. Upon
the front of the rack bar there is mounted an indicating finger or pointer 124,
which registers with the scale on the front of the frame 121.
It is obvious that the length of the line may be regulated by limiting the
retrograde movement of the rack bar 122, and as a convenient means for accom-
plishing this end a stop 125 is adjustably mounted in the track or way 121, as
for example, by providing a rack bar 126 in the bottom of said track or way
with which a tooth or teeth 127 on the stop 125 will engage, to prevent the move-
ment of the stop when struck by the line rack. For adjustment, the stop 125
may be raised out of engagement with the rack 126, the line rack and indicator
brought to the desired position and the stop allowed to re-engage, when it will
limit the retrograde or reverse movement of the line rack so as to adjust the
line to the desired number of units. The operator by consulting the line indicator
may see how much of the line would be occupied by the characters previously
designated, even before the justification chart begins its movement, and in order
to bring to his attention the fact that the line is nearly full, it is preferable, in
addition to the visual indicator, to provide an audible indicator such as a bell
or gong 149, Figure 9, adapted to be struck by a spring pressed hammer or
clapper 150, the latter being operated by a pin 151 preferably located on the
rear face of the beveled gear wheel 96 so as to ring the bell when the said
beveled gear and the justification cylinder commences to move, thereby warning
the operator that the justification area has been reached.
RESETTING MECHANISM.
The parts in the present apparatus which require resetting or restoration to
normal position at the conclusion of the formation of a line of designations corre-
sponding to a line of composition, are the motor rack and parts connected with
and controlled thereby, including the units wheel, the line indicator and the
justification chart, and, also, the pointer which registers with the justification
chart.
As before explained, the motor rack for imparting motion to the units wheel
and other parts of the registering mechanism. is operated in one direction by
the piston 68 working in the cylinder 69, and in the opposite direction by the
piston 71 working in the cylinder 72. These two cylinders communicate through
pipes or ducts 70, 73, with the pressure supply chamber, and at a proper point
in their length there is interposed a valve mechanism which may be shifted to
exhaust the pressure from one or the other of the cylinders and admit pressure
The parts in the present apparatus which require resetting or restoration to
normal position at the conclusion of the formation of a line of designations corre-
sponding to a line of composition, are the motor rack and parts connected with
and controlled thereby, including the units wheel, the line indicator and the
justification chart, and, also, the pointer which registers with the justification
chart.
As before explained, the motor rack for imparting motion to the units wheel
and other parts of the registering mechanism is operated in one direction by
the piston 6S working in the cylinder 69, and in the opposite direction by the
piston 71 working in the cylinder 72. These two cylinders communicate through
pipes or ducts 70, 73, with the pressure supply chamber, and at a proper point
in their length there is interposed a valve mechanism which may be shifted to
exhaust the pressure from one or the other of the evlinders and admit pressure
to the opposite cylinder, and with this valve mechanism a trip is connected for
releasing the pawls for actuating the pointer or indicator which co-operates with
the justification chart or cylinder. By reference to Figures 7 and 8, it will
be seen that a cross shaft 128 is journaled in the frame, preferably beneath the

page_text: indicating mechanism, which shaft has connected with it one end of a spring 129
for holding it normally in one position of adjustment. At one end the shaft
has mounted upon it a crank arm 130, Figures 8 and 9, to which the end of a
connecting rod 131 is attached. At its opposite end this connecting rod is.
attached to a piston working in a cylinder 132 (Figures 6 and 9), to which pres-
sure may be admitted through a pipe 133, extending back, as indicated in
Figure 6, into position to be connected with and controlled through a return
finger piece 134, (Figures 1, 10, 11 and 14) similar in mechanical construction
to the other finger pieces on the key board. Admission of pressure by the manipu-
lation of this finger piece 134 will oscillate the rock shaft 128 against the tension
of the a spring 129.
The shaft 128, (Figures 17, 18 and 19) is provided with or made in the form
of valves at points near its opposite extremities for controlling the admission and
exhaust of pressure in the oppositely arranged motor rack cylinders. for which
purpose the ends of the shaft are provided with transverse openings 135 and 136
adapted to be brought into line with and form portions of the passages or
pipes 70, 73. Normally, the port 136 is in registry with the duct 70, to admit
pressure to the cylinder 69. and when oscillated by the manipulation of the finger
piece 134, as before described, the port 136 will be turned out of registry with
the duct 70, and the port 135 will be turned into registry with the duct 73.
thereby admitting pressure to the return motor cylinder 72. To open the exhaust
for the opposite end of the cylinder from that to which pressure is admitted,
the shaft 128 is provided with branch ports 137 and 138 arranged at such an
angle that when the shaft is in one position of adjustment, said ports will open
communication between the cylinders and the external air through ports 139
and 140, shown clearly in Figures 18 and 19.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that whenever the finger piece 134 is
manipulated the shaft 128 will be oscillated. pressure admitted to the return
cylinder 72 and exhausted from the motor cylinder 69, and upon the release of
said finger piece the shaft will return to its normal position (shown clearly in
Figures 18 and 19), again admitting pressure to the motor cylinder 69 and
opening the cylinder 72 so as to permit a free exhaust therefrom. Now in order
to permit such exhaust from the cylinder 72 to take place with the utmost
freedom, and at the same time to in a measure throttle the admission of pressure
to this return cylinder and thus prevent the motor rack and attached parts from
acquiring too great momentum, there is located in the duct 73, a throttling
valve 141, shown in section in Figure 32. This valve is mounted in a casing 142
(Figures 8 and 9), and is permitted a limited longitudinal movement therein,
the reverse movement being limited by a set screw 143. Through the valve 141
a relatively small aperture is formed, and when sait valve, is unseated, by a
downward movement, the air is free to pass around the same through the side
openings, also shown in Figure 32; thus when pressure is admitted to the duct 73,
the valve 141 will be seated and the fluid will at that point be throttled so as
to enter the cylinder 72 more slowly; but when pressure is released or reduced
in the pipe 73. as by opening said pipe to exhaust, the valve 141 will drop, open-
ing the exhaust and permitting the fluid to escape freely from the cylinder 72.
The units wheel locked by the dog 74, is released simultaneously with the
rocking of the shaft 128 by means of a projection 144 on the shaft 128 (sec
Figure 7), said projection, when said shaft is oscillated to reset the mechanism,
engages a projection. 145 on the lower end of the push rod 76, thereby elevating
said rod 76 and dog 74. releasing the units wheel and abandoning it to the control
of the motor rack. This movement of the push rod 76 does not move the oscillat-
ing frame 78 because the slot in the push rod 76 is long enough to permit it
to have the necessary range of movement without engaging the pin on said
frame. In addition to releasing the units wheel, shaft 128 is also utilized to
release the holding pawls for the carrier 115 which supports the pointer, for
which purpose the said shaft 128 is provided with a second projection 146,

page_text: Figure 21. As the shaft is oscillated to reset the mechanism the projection, 146
depresses the rear ends of both of the pawls 117 and 118, thereby throwing
them out of engagement with the ratchet teeth of the carrier 115, permitting
said carrier, together with its pointer, to drop by gravity to its initial position.
To ensure a prompt movement of the carrier and pointer, the carrier may be
provided with a weight 147 at the lower end as shown in Figure 21 or a spring
may be provided for the purpose:
11%
Leakage around the pistons for the operating, levers 29 will serve to permit
said pistons and levers to return to normal position when pressure from the
pressure supply chamber is cut off, but in order to ensure a prompt return of
such parts, each of said pistons is preferably provided with a vent passage or
exhaust in the form of a spiral groove in its periphery, as shown at 148. in
Figures 7 and 9.
(OPERATION OF THE MACHINE.
In practice each machine is furnished, with a number of charts or cylinder's
calculated on the basis of the several different styles, or fonts of type the cast-
ing machine is, organized to produce, such, for example, as agate, nonpariel,
minion, etc., and before starting to produce a record strip the operator, applies
the appropriate chart for the type to be produced, inserts a previously prepared
roll of paper or other suitable, material, and sets the stop to indicate the length
of line..
The machine thus equipped and adjusted is ready for use, and the operator
proceeds to manipulate the finger keys, pressing in succession the keys corre-
sponding to characters, points, spaces, etc., as they occur in composition and con-
tinues so to do until, his attention being called to the fact that he is nearing
the, end of a line, he observes that no more characters can safely be introduced;
whereupon he takes note of the characters disclosed on the justification indicator
and closes the line by pressing the indicated keys of the justification rows, thereby
producing in the record strip the appropriate designations or perforations for
setting the justifier of the casting machine. Pressure upon the return key 134
at once restores the parts of the machine to their initial positions, and the
cperations are repeated for the next and each succeeding line of matter.
In thus manipulating the keys the operator is not called upon to expend power
sufficient to actuate the punches and indicating mechanisms, but merely enough
to shift the controlling valves which govern and direct the application of the
power system. By this means not only are the labors of the operator lightened,
but the available speed of production is greatly increased. and certainty of action
secured.
Dal tha 12th Joy of Santambor 1800
Improvements in or relating to the Preparation of Record Strips for
Type Forming and Setting Machines.
communication from THE LANSTON MONOTYPE MACHINE COMPANY, a Corpora-
tion created and existing under the Laws of the State of Virginia, and
having its principal place of business at Washington D.C., United States of
America.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, 'of '111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the 'nature of this invention and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
-
The present invention relates, generically, to improvements in controllable
perforating mechanisms, and, specifically, to the class of manually controlled or
key board punching machines, such, for example, as those employed in connection
with the Lanston Monotype" and similar systems, for the production or pre-
paration of periorated record strips or controllers, the latter being utilized to
govern or control other mechanisms, such as type making machinery, in the pro-
duction of printing characters.
Although, as will be obvious, numerous features of the invention are applicable
to other styles and varieties of perforating machines, the several improvements
are shown as embodied in a perforating machine designed to accomplish the same
class of work and adapted to the same system as the perforating machine forming
the subject of Letters Patent No. 22208, dated 28th Sept. 1897 that is to say,
this machine, like that of the patent referred to, is specially organized to pro-
duce a perforated record strip or controller for governing a type making machine,
the perforations representing, by their number and relative arrangement, the char-
acters, spaces, justification adjustments, etc.
While the said points of similarity exists between the patented apparatus and
the present invention, by the present improvements the mechanisms for accom-
plishing the desired ends are greatly simplified, and while such mechanisms are
controlled by the operator, the labor of controlling the same is materially reduced
by the employment of intermediate power mechanism (in the present machine,
compressed air) and generally more accurate and complete results are attained,
particularly with respect to the justification indications, the machine indicating
to the operator exactly which justification keys are to be struck in order to pro-
duce a record for a completely justified line, thereby eliminating all necessity
for mental calculation and the consequent liability of error.
Generally speaking, while the mechanism is an organized whole, designed for
accomplishing a unitary result, embodied in the record strip or controller, yet, for
the purposes of detail description and the more ready understanding of the
mechanical elements organized to produce such result, the mechanism may be
divided into groups, such as, first, the paper feeding mechanism for advancing
the strip or ribbon at regular intervals and holding it in position to receive
the punches; second, the designating or punching mechanism by means of which
the appropriate designations or perforations are made in the record strip, said
perforations being properly distributed and combined so as to represent and con-
trol the production of the separate types, points, spaces, etc., pertaining to the
selected font, while certain other perforations control the setting of the justifying
mechanism to vary the thickness of the bodies (preferably only certain selected
bodies, as space type) set-ways, and to inaugurate the movement of the galley mech-
anism at the completion of each line; third, the key board or finger mechanism,
operating either mediately or immediately upon other mechanisms to control their
movements; fourth, the justifying indicator for indicating to the operator the
appropriate justification keys to be operated to make perforations for a properly
justified line; fifth, a line indicator for indicating the length of line, the number
of units occupied by the designated characters and the number of units remain-
ing unfilled in a line; and sixth, the resetting mechanism for restoring the parts,
particularly the indicating mechanism, to the zero point, ready for subsequent
operations.
The details of the several mechanisms and their co-relation will be now
described, the particular features of novelty of the said invention being set forth
in the appended claims.
Referring to the drawings filed with the Provisional Specification, in which,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a key board record-producing mechanism
embodying the present improvements.

page_text: Figure 2 is a side elevation, looking at the right hand side, with a portion of
the justification chart broken away.
Figure 3 is a similar view looking at the opposite side of the machine.
Figure 4 is a top plan view, the record strip being removed.
Figure 5 is a front elevation, the justification chart and record strip being
removed.
Figure 6 is a bottom pian showing the system of air pipes or ducts.
Figure 7 is a vertical section through a portion of the machine on a line from
front to rear at substantially the center.
Figure 8 is a transverse section in a plane longitudinally of the motor cylinders
for the units wheel and rack.
Figure 9 is a transverse section taken in rear of said cylinders and looking
towards the front of the machine.
Figure 10 is a section taken on a substantially horizontal plane through the
top of the key board, to show the ducts for the horizontal rows of keys.
Figure 11 is a similar view taken on a somewhat higher plane, to show the
ducts for the columns of keys.
Figure 12 is a detail vertical section through one side of the key board, to show
one of the air ducts.
Figure 13 is a plan showing the preferred aggroupment of characters in the
key board, and also, diagramatically, the punches and some of the connections
with the keys.
Figure 14 is a diagramatic view of the key board and punch-operating pistons,
showing the connections with the horizontal rows and columns of keys.
Figure 15 is a detail sectional view taken longitudinally of one of the bars
which form the key board.
Figure 16 is a detail section taken at right angles to Figure 15.
Figure 17 is a detail elevation of the control shaft and some of the adjacent
mechanism.
Figures 18 and 19 are detail sections taken transversely through opposite ends
of the control shaft, to show the ports and passages leading to the motor cylinders.
Figure 20 is a top plan view of the pawls for operating the justification indi-
cator.
Figure 21 is a transverse detail section showing the pawl and justification indi-
cator bar in elevation.
Figure 22 is a top plan view of the rocking frame for controlling the paper
feed.
Figure 23 is a detail section through the paper feed motor cylinder and con-
trolling valve.
Figures 24, 25 and 26 are details of the rack bar and associated mechanism.
Figure 27 is a detail perspective of the units rack carrier and rack.
Figure 28 is a vertical section through the units rack bar frame showing one
of the stops in elevation.
Figure 29 is a perspective view of the rack bar frame operating lever.
Figure 30 is an elevation of the group of stops or stop bars.
Figure 31 is a projection of the justification chart, a few only of the characters
being shown.
Figure 32 is a detail of the valve in the duct to the return motor cylinder for
the rack bar.
Figure 33 is a detail view of the stop for adjusting the length of the line.
Although the machine as a whole is commonly designated a key board, this
term is more properly applied to that portion of the machine containing and
including the finger pieces and the parts immediately associated therewith, and
it is with this understanding that the term is hereinafter employed.
By reference to Figure 1 it will be seen that the several mechanisms or groups
of mechanisms which go to make up the organized machine are mounted

page_text: upon a base, frame or casing 1, which may be of any approved form and con-
struction. The keys of the key-board occupy the front inclined portion, and may
be conveniently arranged in transverse or horizontal rows and perpendicular or
verticle columns as shown.
the
Back of the key board and above the rearwardly extending portion 2 of the
base, is located the indicating mechanism, the designating mechanism or punches,
and the paper supporting and feeding mechanisms, the said punches and paper
supporting and feeding mechanisms being preferably mounted in a supplemental
frame 3, which may be bolted or otherwise fastened to the upper surface
rearward extension 2 of the base. But it will be understood that this base and
upwardly extending frame, including the parts 1. 2 and 3, constitute merely the
supporting frame of the machine and in mechanical construction and appearance
may be altered or varied or in fact entirely omitted. if other supports are substi-
tuted, without in any wise affecting the machine or the invention herein involved.
MECHANISM FOR HOLDING AND FEEDING THE PAPER.
The frame 3 is provided at the top with bearings 4, preferably open, for the
reception of the shaft of the supply roll 5, and, in addition, it is provided with
bearings 6, for the shaft of the winding or receiving roll 7, one of said bear-
ings 6, that on the left-hand side (Figure 5) having mounted in it a short
shaft terminating in a disk 8, from which the winding roll receives its motion;
and said shaft is provided, on the outer side of said bearing 6, with a gear
wheel 9, mounted loosely thereon and connected therewith through friction
disks 10 and an adjustable spring tension 11, for determining the power required
to move the said shaft and gear wheel 9 independently, for a purpose which will
presently appear.
The strip of paper or other material, in its passage from the supply roll 5 to
the winding roll 7, passes down around a curved die 12, preferably made hollow
and with an opening at the top for the removal of punchings, which latter are
forced into it by means of punches, working up through a die or guide bar 13
(Figure 7) into the curved die 12, as will presently appear.
Passing centrally through the curved die 12, with its axis coincident with the
curvature of the face of said die, is a paper feed shaft 14. This shaft carries
at each end of the die 12 a pin wheel 15, adapted to enter and co-operate with
previously formed marginal perforations in the paper strip. At its left hand
end the feed shaft 14 carries a gear wheel 16, meshing with an idler 17 journaled
on the side of the frame 3, said idler also meshing with the gear wheel 9, the
arrangement being such that when rotation is imparted to the feed shaft 14,
the winding shaft, through the train of gears and disk 8, will also be rotated,
and any variation in feed due to the increasing size of the winding roll will
be compensated for by the slip of the gear 9 upon the shaft of the winding roll,
so that the tension of the paper will be maintained, and its forward movement
restrained and controlled with certainty by the movement of the shaft and pin.
wheels before referred to.
Obviously, the feeding movement of the paper must take place at a time when
the punches are withdrawn therefrom, and for this purpose at the right hand end
of the feed shaft there is provided an intermittently operating feeding mechan-
ism, preferably a pawl and ratchet driver, operated by mechanism thrown into
action for feeding the paper as the punches are retracted.
A ratchet wheel 18, Figure 2, is rigidly mounted on the end of the feed shaft 14..
and co-operating with this ratchet wheel, to rotate the same, is a pawl 19, mounted
on a pawl-carrier and lock-release 20 journaled on the extreme end of the shaft 14..
The pawl-carrier is adapted to be reciprocated by a connecting rod 21 extending
down into the base of the machine and connected with a motor piston (see
Figure 23) whose operation will be hereinafter more specifically described in
connection with the punching mechanism. When the pawl-carrier is moved
forward it is obvious that the ratchet wheel and, feed shaft will be advanced

page_text: a definite distance, or a distance proportionate to the range of movement of the
pawl-carrier, and this range of movement is determined by an adjustable stop 22
on the frame of the machine. To hold the pawl 19 in position to engage the
teeth of the ratchet wheel 18, and, also, to aid the forward movement of the pawl-
carrier, a spring 23 is attached at one end to the rear portion of the pawl and
at the opposite end to the frame.
To prevent retrograde movement of the feed shaft, a holding pawl 24 is em-
ployed, the latter being pivoted on the frame and held in engagement with
the ratchet wheel 18 by a spring 25, and in order to prevent any overthrow of
the feed shaft, and to cause the same to stop when a definite feed has taken
place, the said shaft 14 is provided with a second reversely-toothed ratchet
wheel 26 (Figures 1 and 5) with which latter a spring controlled locking pawl 27
Figure 2, is adapted to co-operate when thrown into engagement therewith by the
pawl-carrier 20 the latter co-operating with the rear end of the said locking
checkin pawl 27. The locking or check pawl 27 it will be understood is normally
held out of engagement by its spring, while the pawl-carrier 20 throws it into
engagement with the teeth of its ratchet wheel at the proper instant, to check the
forward movement of the feed shaft when the desired extent of feed has taken
place, thereby ensuring a uniform feed and preventing any overthrow of the
paper feeding mechanism.
THE PUNCHING MECHANISM.
or
The punches 226 (thirty-one in number in the present machine) work up
through the guide bar 13, and into the die 12, which latter, as before stated,
is made hollow for the reception of the punchings. The guide bar 13, properly
spaces and maintains the position and alignment of the punches themselves, and
said punches are connected at their lower ends, preferably by a rivet or pin,
with the upper ends of a corresponding series of punch bars 227, the latter
passing down through a guide 28, and having their lower ends pivotally con-
nected with a corresponding series of operating levers 29. These operating
levers 29 (Figure 7) are pivotally mounted, at their forward ends, upon a shaft
carried in bearings 30 (Figure 6) on the under side of the base frame 1; and
the connection between the said levers and the punch bars is preferably formed
by recessing the said levers at one side and forming the end of the punch bar
to fit such recess, whereby a pivotal connection is formed without the employ-
ment of pins and without occupying a materially greater space than the thick-
ness of the levers themselves.
The punches comprising the series are arranged side by side in line (shown
diagrammatically in Figure 13, and in front elevation in Figure 5,) whose length
is somewhat less than the width of the record strip or paper within the marginal
perforations, and in their several combinations the punches are designed to pro-
duce perforations representing all of the characters and spaces on the finger
pieces of the key board, including the justification indications for varying the
body width of the justifying type.
The punching and indicating mechanisms are connected to and derive motion
from the series of levers 29, but inasmuch as the finger keys constitute the
primary controlling element of the machine it is necessary to supply a competent
connecting system between the said levers and the finger keys, whereby the latter
mav exercise the desired control over the former.
Heretofore elaborate lever mechanisms have been interposed between the finger
keys and punches for controlling the latter, but they are necessarily complicated,
cumbersome and costly, besides which they operate as material limitations upon
the speed capacity of the machine. To overcome these and other defects incident
to the use of mechanical connections and to simplify the construction of the
machine as well as to lighten the labor of the operator, a pneumatic or fluid
pressure system has been devised and embodied in the present machine. With
these ends in view the levers 29 are arranged to be operated by pneumatic or fluid

page_text: pressure devices, the application of the latter to or upon the several levers
being controlled by the movements of the finger pieces through suitable valves
connected to or preferably formed integral with the finger pieces.
In the simplest form of application of this principle, each of the levers 29 has
connected with it a motor piston 31, (Figures 7 and 9,) working in a cylinder
preferably formed in a cylinder block 32, supported by the rear portion of the
base frame and extending across beneath the rear ends of the said
levers 29. Each cylinder is furnished with a duct or passage 33 through
which communication is established by means of tubes or conduits with a pressure
supply chamber, as will hereinafter be more particularly described.
Pressure supplied to any cylinder or combination of cylinders beneath the
pistons 31 will raise the same, together with the connected levers, and such levers
in turn will operate the punch bars. The range of movement of the levers may be
controlled by a horizontal frame 34 adjustably mounted in the rear end of the
base, and their position, laterally, may also be controlled by guides 35, between
which the reduced ends 36 of the levers 29 move.
A rocking frame 37, (Figures 7 and 22) journaled on a shaft 38, extends hori-
zontally above the rear ends of the levers 29, and bearing upon the top of this
rocking frame is a spring pressed piston or push rod 39, for ensuring a prompt
and uniform return of the levers to their normal positions after being operated;
and in order to regulate the power exerted by the rocking frame 37, the spring 40
for depressing the push rod 39 is preferably extended above the base frame in
position to be readily accessible from the exterior of the machine, as will be
understood from an inspection of Figure 7.
As will be seen from the foregoing the frame 37 is oscillated each time any
one or more of the levers 29 is raised, and advantage is taken of this fact to
operate the paper feed mechanism during the return stroke of the levers or the
downward movement of the rocking frame 37. To accomplish this result, there
is adjustibly connected to one end of the said frame 37 the stem 41 of a valve 42,
(Figure 23) which latter controls the admission and exhaust of pressure in the
cylinder 43, containing the piston 44, connected with the paper feed operating
rod 21. Pressure is maintained in the valve chest through a conduit 45, and
this pressure may be admitted either above or below the piston 44, through
ports 46 in the valve, and the pressure may be exhausted either from above or
below said piston through the ports 47 in said valve. The ports are so arranged
that when the valve is elevated by the upward movement of the rocking frame 37
pressure will be admitted above the piston 44 and exhausted from beneath the
the paper feed pawl carrier being thereby drawn down without operating the
paper feed shaft. As the frame 37 returns to its normal or lowered position.
the conditions are reversed, and pressure is admitted beneath the piston 44 and
exhausted from above the same, the paper feed pawl-carrier being thereby given
its operative or upward stroke, to feed the paper forward ready for the next
designating or perforating operation.
same,
KEY BOARD OR FINGER MECHANISM.
Inasmuch as the punched strip, the product of the present embodiment of the
invention, is the controlling element of a special form of type casting and com-
posing machine, and serves, by its perforations, to position the die case by move-
ments in transverse planes, to center the selected matrix, said die case containing
a series of matrices arranged symmetrically in lines and columns, each column
containing characters of the same width, setwise, and each line, characters whose
widths, increase progressively from one end of the line to the other, it becomes
a matter of convenience and advantage to adopt the same arrangement of char-
acters on the key board. That is to say, the finger pieces for controlling the
punches correspond in their relative arrangement with the columns and lines of
the die-case in the character producing or casting machine, and in order to produce
proper combinations of punches, those punches producing representations of

page_text: characters in the columns will be operated by the columns of finger pieces, and
those producing representations of characters in the lines will be operated by the
lines of finger pieces, consequently when any finger piece is operated,
the mechanism will be set into action so as to simultaneously advance a punch
for designating the column in which said finger piece is located, and a second
punch for designating the particular character in that column; or, in other words,
the line in which that finger piece is located.
For convenience in manipulation, the finger pieces of the key board are arranged
on an inclined plane at the front of the machine, each horizontal row being
successively higher than the next preceding row. The finger pieces 48 are each
in the form of a valve for controlling the admission of pressure to the motor
cylinders of the operating levers, and as a convenient means for supplying this
pressure, the front and upper portion of the base frame 1 is made hollow and
constitutes a pressure supply chamber 49, Figure 7, to which pressure may be
supplied from any suitable source, as a pump or reservoir, through a flexible
connection, as shown at 50 in Figures 3 and 4. For convenience of manufacture
the top of the pressure chamber 49 is preferably formed of a series of bars 51,
each having a series of vertical perforations and projections 52 (Figure 7. 15
and 16) in which the valves or stems 53 of the finger pieces 48 work. Extending
longitudinally of each bar 51, that is from front to rear of the board, is a
channel, main or passage 54 (Figures 11, 12 and 16), one for each column of finger
pieces. There is also formed in each of said bars a series of transverse passages 55
(Figures 10, 12 and 15) which register and form conduits or mains extending
from side to side of the key board, there being one of such passages for each of
the horizontal rows of finger pieces. The passages 54, 55, corresponding to the
columns and rows on the key board, have openings or ports (shown clearly in
Figures 10, 11. 15 and 16) which communicate with the chambers or vertical
openings in which the valves or stems 53 of the finger pieces work, and said
valve or finger piece stems are so formed that when one of them is depressed.
it will open the channel of the row and also the channel of the column at
whose intersection the said finger piece is located, for the admission of pressure
to said channels from the pressure chamber beneath. In the specific construc-
tion preferably employed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the
stem 53 of each finger piece has its lower end slightly enlarged so as to form
a valve seating at 56 (Figure 16) when moved upwardly and immediately above
such valve seat there is formed, in the body of the stem, an elongated opening
and transverse passage 57, which, when the finger piece is depressed, will extend
down into the pressure chamber and permit the air or fluid pressure to enter the
channels as above described. The valves will be held up automatically by the
pressure in the pressure. chamber, and in order to prevent them from turning
in their bearings, the lower ends may be slotted, and through the slots thus
formed are passed transverse rods or wires 58 held by depending lugs 59
(Figures 12, 15 and 16). A single rod or wire 58 will thus serve to position
and retain a whole row of valves or finger pieces, thereby forming a very simple
yet efficient means for accomplishing the desired ends.
The several bars 51 may he conveniently clamped in place and held together,
so as to constitute a complete top for the pressure chamber, by means of through
bolts 60, Figure 10, and it will be observed from this figure, that in order
to provide sufficient space for said bolts without conflicting with the passages 55,
two of such passages or mains 55 have been arranged between alternate rows
of finger pieces, and the said passages 55, when so located, are preferably extended
out at opposite sides of the key board so as to afford additional space for the
ducts. Communicating with the passages 54 and 55, are a corresponding series
of ducts or pipes 61 (Figures 6, and 12) leading to the passages 33, of the
lever motor cylinders 32, Figure 7. Obviously the particular arrangement of
these pipes is not material, and they may be arranged to suit the convenience of
the manufacturer, or the ducts may be introduced according to any desired.

page_text: system, it only being essential that the ducts should lead from the proper rows
and columns in the key board to the proper punch operating cylinders.
In Figure 14 will be found a diagramatic view of the arrangement of ducts
employed in the present machine, and from this figure it will be seen that for
each horizontal row there is provided a duct or main leading to one of the punch
operating cylinders, and also a duct or main from each vertical column leading
to one of the said cylinders, and inasmuch as this diagram is of the particular
machine herein shown, wherein but one character is adapted to have its body
width varied for justification, there is an additional channel for the punch indi-
cating this character, to wit, the space character or type, as will be presently
described.
The arrangement is such that ordinarily combinations of two punches will be
set up for each type designation, but it is obvious that by properly connecting
the mains or conduits with other motor cylinders, or providing other mains or
branch mains, any desired number of punches may be operated, or duplicate
punching mechanism may be operated for making duplicate record strips or con-
trollers.
As before intimated, the character producing or casting machine for which the
representations or character indications are produced in the present machine,
contemplates the use of a die carrier having movements back and forth on lines
at right angles to each other, such combined movements being adapted to bring
any particular character to the centering or casting point. But it is to be noted
that in said machine the extreme advance movement of the die carrier in each
of the two transverse planes is determined by a fixed stop, hence in the record
producing or punching machine of the present application, it is unnecessary
to provide indications for these two positions of adjustment of the die carrier.
For example, the column of characters along one edge of the die or matrix
carrier being all of a given body width and the column designated by the fixed
stop, it is only necessary to employ a perforation or representation for selecting
the proper row or line in which the character is located; on the other hand,
if the character is in the last line, designated by a fixed stop, it is only necessary
to provide a perforation for indicating or designating the particular column in
which the desired character is located. Because of this arrangement it is not
necessary to provide a punch for indicating the right hand column of the key
board, nor to provide a punch for indicating the bottom line or row, this column
and this row corresponding to the extreme movements of the die carrier in the
casting machine, as just mentioned. In order, however, to provide the necessary
power for operating the several parts, and for properly operating the indicating
mechanism, there is provided in the present machine, levers 29, which correspond
to and are operated by the right hand column and bottom row, but no punches are
attached thereto. In the machine illustrated there are fifteen columns and
seventeen rows of characters on the key board and in addition, there is an
anomalous finger piece, to wit, that for indicating the justifying character or
space whose body width is to be varied, said finger piece being shown in
Figure 13 at the lower left hand corner of the key board. This space-indi-
cating finger piece will set up a punch corresponding to the column in which
it is located, but instead of being connected to a punch corresponding to the row
in which it is located it is provided with a separate passage 62 (see Figure 10)
leading to another punch, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 13. It will
be seen, therefore, that there is employed in the present machine a total of thirty-
one punches for making the two hundred and fifty-five designations contemplated
in the present machine.
This total of two hundred and fifty-five designations includes the designations
for line and column and for setting the justifying devices of the casting machine
for producing the proper increment in body width in each of the justifying
characters or spaces to give a completely justified line of composition. The-

page_text: punches for producing the designations for setting the justifying mechanism of
the casting machine are controlled preferably by the two upper rows of finger
pieces having numerals thereon as represented in Figure 13, and according to
the particular unit of body width adopted in the present apparatus, the top row
is calculated on the basis of .0075 of an inch and multiples thereof, and the
second row on the basis of .0005 of an inch and multiples thereof. By com-
binations of the two indications, the casting machine may be controlled to produce
substantially perfect justification under any condition which can arise in practice.
The marking of the finger pieces of these justification designation keys with
numerals is arbitrary, and is done in this machine to correspond with similar
markings upon the justification chart, to be hereinafter described, which latter
is set automatically by the machine and indicates to the operator exactly which
of the justifying finger pieces are to be operated for producing designations to
set the casting machine for giving a completely justified line.
So far as the present machine is concerned the mechanism for producing the
justifying designations is identical with that for producing the character desig-
nations, the positions of the designations on the record strip giving the desired
control in the casting machine.
JUSTIFYING MECHANISM AND MECHANISM FOR OPERATING THE SAME.
This mechanism is designed to indicate to the operator exactly which justifica-
tion keys are to be struck for producing designations representing the amount
of body thickness, set-ways, to be added to each of the justifying type bodies
occurring in any given line. It is one of the objects of the invention to provide
a mechanism which will, without increasing the labor of the operator, register
accurately the total number of units occupied by the characters previously desig-
nated in the record strip or ribbon for any given line, and to cause an indi-
cating hand or pointer to register with a suitable chart, dial or card, or the
like, bearing upon it combinations of figures or letters corresponding to the justi-
fying keys (shown in the present apparatus in the two upper rows of finger
pieces). The indicated keys, when struck, will produce the necessary perforations
or designations representing the exact increment to be added to each of the justi-
fying type bodies (space type in the present apparatus) to produce a perfectly
justified line, thereby eliminating from the problem all necessity for mental
calculation on the part of the operator and enabling him, by simply following
the chart, card or dial, to strike the proper justification keys at the termination
of each line of character designations.
The present embodiment of the invention contemplates the employment of a
units wheel which is advanced or given a movement corresponding with, or in
definite proportion to, the number of units contained in each one of the characters
designated in the record strip, a chart bearing, the requisite number of key indi-
cations (letters or numbers corresponding to similar letters or numbers on the
justification keys themselves), and a justification indicator which is advanced, or
the chart advanced with relation thereto, each time a designation or perforation
for one of the justifying types (spaces) is made so as to effect registration with
a line of indications on the chart corresponding to the number of such type bodies
contained in the line of type or designations thereof in the record strip.
Obviously the necessary movements of the indicating mechanism may be
secured by moving the chart itself while the pointer for registering therewith
remains stationary, or the pointer may be moved while the chart remains sta-
tionary, or, on the other hand, and as applied in the present machine, both may
be moved to secure the desired ends; that is to say, the chart is moved in
accordance with the body widths of the type previously designated in the line of
composition and the pointer is moved in accordance with the number of justify-
ing (space) type included in said line.
The indicating mechanism is preferably located immediately in rear of the key
board or finger pieces and in front of the punches and punch bars, although,

page_text: obviously, it may be placed elsewhere; but this is found to be a convenient
location, both because of its proximity to the field of view of the operator, and
because of the proximity of the controlling parts or operating levers therefor.
The major portion of the indicating mechanism is mounted in an indicator
frame 63 supported on the base 2 of the machine, and is shown in the several
elevations of the whole apparatus, and in cross section in Figures 7 and 8. A
units wheel 64 having a toothed periphery is mounted on a shaft 65 journaled
in the upper portion of the frame 63, preferably centrally of the machine, and
this units wheel is adapted to be advanced or is given an angular movement
proportionate to the value or body width of each type as it is designated on the
record strip.
For the purpose of advancing the units wheel it is preferably placed under the
influence of a motor which acts constantly during the designation of a line, to
which end the shaft 65 is provided with a pinion 66 which meshes with a trans-
versely-movable units motor rack 67. The power for moving the units wheel is
transmitted through the rack 67 and is derived from a motor piston 68 and
cylinder 69, to which pressure is admitted through a duct 70 leading back into
the base of the machine to the pressure chamber 49. The motor rack is returned
to its normal position by a motor return piston and cylinder 71, 72, located pre-
ferably opposite the motor cylinder and piston 68, 69, and receiving its pressure
through a duct 73, leading to the pressure chamber 49. The admission of pressure
to one or the other of the cylinders 69, 72, is controlled through an intermediate
valve mechanism, to be hereinafter more specifically described in connection
with the resetting devices, and it is sufficient for the present that the pressure
during the time the line of designations is being produced remains on the motor
piston 68 with a constant tendency to rotate the units wheel forwardly.
The units wheel is held in check or against rotation by means of a locking
pawl or dog 74, pivoted on an upward extension of the frame 63 with its oppo-
site end guided in a similar extension of said frame so as to ensure a correct move-
ment towards and from the units wheel. The dog 74 is held down in engagement
with the toothed periphery of the units wheel by a spring 75 and is elevated or
lifted out of engagement, to permit the units wheel to rotate, by means of a
push rod 76, extending down into the base of the machine and connected to the
releasing mechanism.
When the units wheel is released by the upward movement of the dog 74, it
is obvious that it must be controlled in its advance in order to register the
proper body width of the character designated at the time, and to accomplish
this result as the said dog is released, or immediately preceding the actual release,
a units rack is thrown into mesh with said wheel and allowed to advance until
arrested by a stop or stops which latter serve to determine or measure the advance
of the wheel. These stops are arranged in accordance with the units value of
the character designated.
The units rack, numbered 77 (shown clearly in Figures 7, 27 and 28), is adapted
to move tangentially to the periphery of the units wheel in bearings formed in
the front edge of a units rack carrier or rocking frame 78 journaled in the
frame 63. The frame 78 is limited in its movements for bringing the rack into
and out of mesh with the units wheel by means of adjustable stops 79 and 80.
The units rack carrier 78 is provided with a pin or projection 81, Figure 27,
working in a slot in the push rod 76, the play allowed said pin as the units
rack carrier is elevated being sufficient to permit the said rack to come into
initial mesh with the units wheel before the push rod is operated by the pro-
jection, to release the locking dog 74; thus the units rack is always engaged
prior to the release of the locking dog, and the locking dog is allowed to come..
into engagement prior to the disengagement of the units rack, the result being
that the units wheel is under the control of the units rack at all times when not,
locked in nosition by the dog.
When released the units wheel will tend to advance the units rack until arrested

page_text: by one or the other of a series of stops, as will be presently explained, and
when released from the influence of the units wheel, said rack is returned to its
normal position by means of a spring 82, Figure 1, attached at one end to the
units rack and at the opposite end to the frame of the machine.
The units rack itself is preferably provided with a projection 83, adapted to
co-operate with one or the other of a series of stops 84 working vertically in the
frame 63 and adapted to be projected into the path of the units rack by pre-
viously selected operating levers 29. These stops 84 which serve to measure the
advance movements of the units wheel are preferably in the form of vertical bars
arranged side by side with their upper ends each of a thickness corresponding
to the unit of the type bodies, while their lower ends are provided with circular
bearings 85 adapted to fit into recesses formed in the sides of the operating
levers 29 (see Figure 7); whereby, when a lever having a stop bar connected
therewith is operated, its stop bar will be projected above the other stop bars
and into the path of the projection on the units rack, in position to arrest the
movement of the latter and with it the units wheel, when the locking dog is with-
drawn from the latter.
According to the system to which the present machine has been specially
adapted the type are divided into fifteen sizes, the smallest being six units in
width, with a uniform increment of one unit throughout the series, progressively;
hence, the first column to the left on the key board represents six unit type, the
next column seven unit, and so on, increasing by one unit, until the last or right
hand column represents twenty unit type.
The space type to which the justification increase is applied has a normal value
of less than that of the smallest type; in the present instance four units. To
measure these units, the stops 84 corresponding with the several columns of
characters are so formed or proportioned that each will represent or have a value
of one unit, while the first stop of the series, corresponding with the space type,
is so formed or located with respect to the normal or starting point of the units
rack that it will intercept or arrest the latter when it shall have travelled say
four units, said justifying space type being provided with a lateral projection
or off-set 86 (Figure 30) increasing its thickness to two units.
.
The number of stops 84 therefore corresponds with the number of vertical
columns in the key board, to wit, fifteen, with one additional stop for registering
the number of units in the justifying character (space) type, and these stops 84
are connected respectively with the operating levers corresponding to the vertical
columns in the key board. The number of units in body width in the several
columns is arbitrary, and if several columns have the same body width, the
connection may be made for operating the same stop, or, if the units in the several
columns vary, otherwise than uniformly, the stops may be correspondingly
positioned or made thicker or thinner to secure the desired registration.
By reference to Figures 9 and 14, the arrangement will be comprehended at
once, and from these figures it will be seen that commencing with the left hand
operating lever in Figure 9, (omitting the second lever, which is the lever corre-
sponding to the top row as shown in Figure 14) the stops are connected with
each lever in succession up to the sixteenth lever. while the space character
stop is connected with the twenty-third lever, counting from the left hand side
in Figure 9 and from the right hand side in Figure 14. The intermediate
portion of this last mentioned stop-bar is deflected laterally whereby its upper
end is brought into proximity to the other stops so that the whole number of
stons may be grouped and held between one set of guides.
Obviously, each time one of the stop-bars and stops is raised and a punch or
combination of punches operated to make a designation. the rocking frame.
together with the units rack, should also be raised, and in order to ensure proper
co-relative movement between the stops and the units rack, it is preferred to
operate the rocking frame through the medium of the stop-bars and stops them-
selves, for which purpose the bars 84 are provided on their rear edges with pro-

page_text: jections 87, which, when the stops have moved upwardly a sufficient distance to
lie in the path of the projection 83 on the units rack 77, will rock the frame 78,
throw the units rack 77 into mesh with the units wheel and release the wheel
from the action of the locking dog, whereupon the units rack, under the influence
of the units wheel, will advance until its forward movement is arrested by the
stop 84, which started it into action.
In order to properly time the movements of the units wheel and parts con-
trolled thereby so as to prevent retardation of the other portions of the mech-
anism thereby effecting an increase in the speed capacity of the machine, it is
desirable that the units wheel should be released as soon as practicable after the
movement of the stops and operating levers has been inaugurated, thus allowing
the units wheel and connected parts to advance simultaneously with the final
portion of the advance movement of the operating levers and punches. To accom-
plish this, sufficient play is allowed between the stop-bars and frame to permit the
bars to rise into the path of the projection 83 before the frame 78 begins to
move, and a spring or elastic connection is interposed between the frame 78 and
its operating mechanism so that the latter may make its full stroke.
A convenient means for accomplishing these results is shown in Figures 27,
28 and 29, wherein a blade or wing 88 is shown pivotally mounted on the under
side of the rocking frame 78 and projecting over and lying in proximity to the
projections 87 on the stops 84. A rearward extension 89 of this blade or wing 88
is connected through a light spring 90 with an adjustable hanger or support 91
mounted on the frame 78. The upward movement of the arm 89, and, con-
sequently, the downward movement of the blade 88, is limited by a set screw 92,
and, in operation, the initial movement of any one or more of the stops 84 brings
it up into the path of the projection 83, the projection 87 on the stop then engages
the wing or blade SS and lifts the frame 78, the tension of spring 90 being
sufficient for this purpose, thereby throwing the rack 77 into mesh with the units
wheel, as before explained. The frame 78 being now arrested in its upward
movement by the stop 79, a further movement of the stop is permitted by the
yielding of the spring 90.
Obviously other forms of spring connection between these parts might be sub-
stituted, but that shown gives a wide range of movement with a very uniform
tension, and in practice has been found to be highly efficient.
The justification indicator proper, or that part from which the readings are
taken, is controlled in its advance movements by or to correspond with those of
the units wheel; but inasmuch as it is not required, in the present form of
apparatus, that readings should be taken or attention be given to the justification
indications until the end of the line is approached, the indicator is arranged to
remain stationary or inactive during the first portion of the advance of the units
wheel, and is engaged and advanced only during a pre-determined small portion.
of the final movement of the units wheel as it approaches the end of the line.
although it might, if for any reason or purpose desired, be connected for operation
during the entire or any definite part of the movement of the units wheel.
The connections for operating and controlling the movements of the indicator
are shown in Figures 7, 8 and 26, wherein, in the frame 63, above the units
wheel shaft 65, is journaled a shaft 93, having upon it a pinion 94 adapted to
mesh with a secondary rack 95 carried by the units motor rack 67. In addition.
to the pinion 94, the said shaft at its rear end carries a bevel pinion 96 meshing.
with a smaller pinion 97 on the vertical shaft 98, and upon the upper end
of this latter shaft is mounted a spider or carrier 99 for the chart or justifica-
tion cylinder.
1
The justification chart is preferably in the form of a cylinder 100, a projection
of which is shown in Figure 31.
It is divided vertically and horizontally into sections representing lines and
columns. each section bearing letters, figures or other indicia corresponding with
the markings on the two upper or justification rows of finger pieces of the key-

page_text: board. Each line corresponds with a given number of justification characters
_ such as space type-occurring in a line of composition, while the letters,
figures, etc., in the lines, in other words, the columns, represent the justification
keys whose value, added to the normal value of the justification space type, will
correspond to the width to be accorded each justification character or space type
in order to fill out the line.
For example, the first line, counting from the bottom, may represent or corre
spond to one justification character or space type occurring in a line; the second
line will correspond to two justification spaces, and so on to any desired extent.
The number of justification spaces occurring in a line of composition does not
alone indicate the value, in width, of said spaces, this factor being a product of
the total space to be filled by justification divided by the number of justifica-
tion spaces occurring in the line, consequently each line of the chart is pro-
vided with a series of characters representing different combinations of justifica-
tion keys whose aggregate value equals the amount of space remaining to be filled
by justification divided by the number of spaces represented by the line in which
said characters occur.
It will be observed that the justification value is not represented in terms upon
the chart, but merely the justification keys, or two uppermost rows of finger pieces
on the key board, hence it is only required of the operator that he should strike
the particular justification key or keys indicated by the chart.
The flat chart after being formed into a cylinder 100, is mounted upon a
ring 101, which may be placed in position upon the spider or frame 99 and held
thereon by the pins 102, this form of attachment being adopted in order to
permit of the ready substitution of different charts or cylinders for use in con-
nection with different fonts of type as in such case, different justification values
would have to be accorded the space type or justification characters.
As before stated, the justification chart or cylinder is operated by the motor
rack 67 through the medium of the supplemental rack 95, and in order that the
latter may act upon the justification chart or cylinder without undue shock,
the said supplemental rack 95 is mounted upon the motor rack 67 so as to be
permitted a limited longitudinal movement thereon, and is held normally
retracted by a spring 103; thus, when the motor 67 advances suddenly, upon the
release of the units wheel, its motion will be imparted to the chart through the
medium of the spring 103 and said spring will, while allowing for elasticity in
the movement, bring said chart quickly to its correct position.
It will be understood that the justification chart together with the train of
gears 97, 96 and 94, remain inactive until the supplemental rack 95 is brought
into mesh with the gear 94, and, in order to ensure an accurate registration or
engagement of the supplemental rack and gear wheel, the shaft 93 is provided
with an arm 104 adapted to contact with or be engaged by a pin 105 on the
supplemental rack for initiating the movement of the justification cylinder and
connected parts. The pin 105 and the arm 104 may be set so as to effect a
proper co-operation of the teeth on the gear wheel and rack, respectively, and
thus ensure accurate results even though the adjustment be somewhat loose, and
the form and size of the teeth and gear wheel be somewhat inaccurate.
As a convenient means for mounting the supplemental rack 95, the motor
rack 67 is recessed, as shown clearly in Figures 25 and 26, for the reception of
the supplemental rack 95, the attachment between the two being formed by a pin
and slot connection 106.
The movement of the justification chart by the motor rack imposes upon said
rack a greater amount of work than it would otherwise have to perform, and
to prevent retardation due to this cause and ensure a prompt and ready action
of the justification chart, a supplemental motor for the chart is preferably
employed and arranged to be thrown into action immediately after the supple-
mental rack meshes with the pinion 94. This supplemental motor is shown in
section in Figure 8, and in rear elevation in Figure 9, from which it will be

page_text: seen that immediately above the cylinders 69 and 72 there is arranged another
cylinder 107, containing a piston 108, carrying a rack 109, the latter meshing
with pinion 94. Pressure admitted to the cylinder 107 will drive the piston and
rack in a direction the reverse of that in which the motor rack 67 is moving.
The return movement of the piston and rack 108, 109, is secured by means of a
relatively light coiled spring 110 interposed between the front end of the piston
and a stop 111 upon the frame, said spring preferably surrounding a rod 112 con-
nected with the piston and working through the stop 111.
To throw the supplemental motor into action at the proper moment, the end
of the cylinder 107 is connected by a pipe or duct 113, Figure 9, with the
cylinder 69, as indicated in Figure 8, the point of communication with the
cylinder being such that in the travel of the motor rack 67, its piston 68 will
pass beyond the opening of the duct 113, just as the pinion 94 meshes with the
supplemental rack, and, consequently, pressure is at such time admitted to the
cylinder 107, and the piston 108 then acts in conjunction with the motor rack
and piston 68 to rotate the justification chart forwardly, practically relieving
the motor rack and piston of the additional labor required to turn the chart.
For registering with the justification chart or cylinder, there is provided a
pointer 114, preferably in the form of a horizontal rod having an opening in its
end through which the justification-key characters on the chart may be read,
and this pointer 114 is mounted upon the upper end of a vertical carrier or rod 115
extending down into the base of the machine, and adapted to be elevated a dis-
tance corresponding to the distance between the adjacent rows on the justifica-
tion cylinder, each time one of the justifying characters or space type is desig-
nated in the record strip or ribbon. The carrier 115 slides in a bearing 116,
Figure 9, and its lower portion is provided with ratchet teeth, as shown in
Figures 7 and 21. Co-operating with the teeth on this carrier 115 are a pair
of pawls 117 and 118, both spring pressed, the one mounted in fixed bearings
on the frame, while the other is mounted upon the end of a lever 119, journaled
at the further end on the frame and connected at an intermediate point by
means of a rod or connector 120, Figure 7, with the lever 29. This lever 29 is
operated by the space-character finger piece, to wit, the twenty-third lever count-
ing from the left hand side in Figure 9, so that each time the said lever 29 is
operated it will in turn move the lever 119, and the latter, acting through its
pawl 117, will raise the rack 115 a proper distance, where it will be caught and
held by the pawl 118. Each time, therefore, one of the justifying characters
or spaces is indicated in the record strip, the pointer 114 will be advanced one
step so as to register with a new line on the justification chart, and when any
of the other characters on the key board are indicated in the record strip, the
units wheel will advance in accordance with the body width thereof, and, at
the proper time, the justification chart will begin to move in unison with said
units wheel. The indications on the chart registering with the pointer, shows
the operator exactly which justification indicating keys are to be struck for pro-
ducing designations in the record strip which will set the casting machine and
give the required justification by varying the body width of the justification
characters or space type.
LINE INDICATOR.
Extending across the machine in front of the units wheel is a guide or
track 121, supported by the frame 63 and having upon its front side a line scale
or graduation marks for indicating the space remaining unfilled in a line, or
the length of the line, as will be readily understood. Sliding in this track is
a line rack bar 122, whose position is such that it will mesh with a pinion 123.
on the front end of the units wheel shaft 65; thus the said line rack bar will
be moved in exact accordance with the units wheel in both directions. Upon
the front of the rack bar there is mounted an indicating finger or pointer 124,
which registers with the scale on the front of the frame 121.

page_text: It is obvious that the length of the line may be regulated by limiting the
retrograde movement of the rack bar 122, and as a convenient means for accom-
plishing this end a stop 125 is adjustably mounted in the track or way 121, as
for example, by providing a rack bar 126 in the bottom of said track or way
with which a tooth or teeth 127 on the stop 125 will engage, to prevent the move-
ment of the stop when struck by the line rack. For adjustment, the stop 125
may be raised out of engagement with the rack 126, the line rack and indicator
brought to the desired position and the stop allowed to re-engage, when it will
limit the retrograde or reverse movement of the line rack so as to adjust the
line to the desired number of units. The operator by consulting the line indicator
may see how much of the line would be occupied by the characters previously
designated, even before the justification chart begins its movement, and in order
to bring to his attention the fact that the iine is neariy full, it is preferable, in
addition to the visual indicator, to provide an audible indicator such as a bell
or gong 149, Figure 9, adapted to be struck by a spring pressed hammer or
clapper 150, the latter being operated by a pin 151 preferably located on the
rear face of the beveled gear wheel 96 so as to ring the bell when the said
beveled gear and the justification cylinder commences to move, thereby warning
the operator that the justification area has been reached.
RESETTING MECHANISM.
The parts in the present apparatus which require resetting or restoration to
normal position at the conclusion of the formation of a line of designations corre-
sponding to a line of composition, are the motor rack and parts connected with
and controlled thereby, including the units wheel, the line indicator and the
justification chart, and, also, the pointer which registers with the justification
chart.
As before explained, the motor rack for imparting motion to the units wheel
and other parts of the registering mechanism is operated in' one direction by
the piston 68 working in the cylinder 69, and in the opposite direction by the
piston 71 working in the cylinder 72. These two cylinders communicate through
pipes or ducts 70, 73, with the pressure supply chamber, and at a proper point
in their length there is interposed a valve mechanism which may be shifted to
exhaust the pressure from one or the other of the cylinders and admit pressure
to the opposite cylinder, and with this valve mechanism a trip is connected for
releasing the pawls for actuating the pointer or indicator which co-operates with
the justification chart or cylinder. By reference to Figures 7 and 8, it will
be seen that a cross shaft 128 is journaled in the frame, preferably beneath the
indicating mechanism, which shaft has connected with it one end of a spring 129
for holding it normally in one position of adjustment. At one end the shaft
has mounted upon it a crank arm 130, Figures 8 and 9, to which the end of a
connecting rod 131 is attached. At its opposite end this connecting rod is
attached to a piston working in a cylinder 132 (Figures 6 and 9), to which pres-
sure may be admitted through a pipe 133, extending back, as indicated in
Figure 6, into position to be connected with and controlled through a return
finger piece 134, (Figures 1, 10, 11 and 14) similar in mechanical construction
to the other finger pieces on the key board. Admission of pressure by the manipu-
lation of this finger piece 134 will oscillate the rock shaft 128 against the tension
of the a spring 129.
The shaft 128 (Figures 17, 18 and 19) is provided with or made in the form
of valves at points near its opposite extremities for controlling the admission and
exhaust of pressure in the oppositely arranged motor rack cylinders, for which
purpose the ends of the shaft are provided with transverse openings 135 and 136
adapted to be brought into line with and form portions of the passages or
pipes 70, 73. Normally, the port 136 is in registry with the duct 70, to admit
pressure to the cylinder 69, and when oscillated by the manipulation of the finger
piece 134, as before described, the port 136 will be turned out of registry with

page_text: the duct 70 and the port 135 will be turned into registry with the duct 73,
thereby admitting pressure to the return motor cylinder 72. To open the exhaust
for the opposite end of the cylinder from that to which pressure is admitted,
the shaft 128 is provided with branch ports 137 and 138 arranged at such an
angle that when the shaft is in one position of adjustment, said ports will open
communication between the cylinders and the external air through ports 139
and 140, shown clearly in Figures 18 and 19.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that whenever the finger piece 134 is
manipulated the shaft 128 will be oscillated. pressure admitted to the return
cylinder 72 and exhausted from the motor cylinder 69, and upon the release of
said finger piece the shaft will return to its normal position (shown clearly in
Figures 18 and 19). again admitting pressure to the motor cylinder 69 and
opening the cylinder 72 so as to permit a free exhaust therefrom. Now in order
to permit such exhaust from the cylinder 72 to take place with the utmost
freedom, and at the same time to in a measure throttle the admission of pressure
to this return cylinder and thus prevent the motor rack and attached parts from
acquiring too great momentum. there is located in the duct 73, a throttling
valve 141, shown in section in Figure 32. This valve is mounted in a casing 142
(Figures 8 and 9), and is permitted a limited longitudinal movement therein,
the reverse movement being limited by a set screw 143. Through the valve 141
a relatively small aperture is formed, and when said valve is unseated, by a
downward movement. the air is free to pass around the same through the side
openings, also shown in Figure 32; thus when pressure is admitted to the duct 73.
the valve 141 will be seated and the fluid will at that point be throttled so as
to enter the cylinder 72 more slowly; but when pressure is released or reduced
in the pipe 73. as by opening said pipe to exhaust, the valve 141 will drop, open-
ing the exhaust and permitting the fluid to escape freely from the cylinder 72.
The units wheel locked by the dog 74, is released simultaneously with the
rocking of the shaft 128 by means of a projection 144 on the shaft 128 (sce
Figure 7), said projection, when said shaft is oscillated to reset the mechanism,
engages a projection 145 on the lower end of the push rod 76, thereby elevating
said rod 76 and dog 74. releasing the units wheel and abandoning it to the control
of the motor rack. This movement of the push rod 76 does not move the oscillat-
ing frame 78 because the slot in the push rod 76 is long enough to permit it
to have the necessary range of movement without engaging the pin on said
frame. In addition to releasing the units wheel, shaft 128 is also utilized to
release the holding pawls for the carrier 115 which supports the pointer, for
which purpose the said shaft 128 is provided with a second projection 146.
Figure 21. As the shaft is oscillated to reset the mechanism the projection 146
depresses the rear ends of both of the pawls 117 and 118, thereby throwing
them out of engagement with the ratchet teeth of the carrier 115, permitting
said carrier, together with its pointer, to drop by gravity to its initial position.
To ensure a prompt movement of the carrier and pointer. the carrier may be
provided with a weight 147 at the lower end as shown in Figure 21 or a spring
may be provided for the purpose.
Leakage around the pistons for the operating levers 29 will serve to permit
said pistons and levers to return to normal position when pressure from the
pressure supply chamber is cut off, but in order to ensure a prompt return of
such parts, each of said pistons is preferably provided with a vent passage or
exhaust in the form of a spiral groove in its periphery, as shown at 148 in
Figures 7 and 9.
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE.
In practice each machine is furnished with a number of charts or cylinders
calculated on the basis of the several different styles or fonts of type the cast-
ing machine is organized to produce, such, for example, as agate, nonpariel,
minion, etc., and before starting to produce a record strip the operator applies

page_text: the appropriate chart for the type to be produced, inserts a previously prepared
roll of paper or other suitable material, and sets the stop to indicate the length
of line.
The machine thus equipped and adjusted is ready for use, and the operator
proceeds to manipulate the finger keys, pressing in succession the keys corre-
sponding to characters, points, spaces, etc., as they occur in composition and con-
tinues so to do until, his attention being called to the fact that he is nearing
the end of a line, he observes that no more characters can safely be introduced,
whereupon he takes note of the characters disclosed on the justification. indicator
and closes the line by pressing the indicated keys of the justification rows, thereby
producing in the record strip the appropriate designations or perforations for
setting the justifier of the casting machine. Pressure upon the return key 134
at once restores the parts of the machine to their initial positions, and the
operations are repeated for the next and each succeeding line of matter.
In thus manipulating the keys the operator is not called upon to expend power
sufficient to actuate the punches and indicating mechanisms, but merely enough
to shift the controlling valves which govern and direct the application of the
power system. By this means not only are the labors of the operator lightened,
but the available speed of production is greatly increased and certainty of action
secured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what
manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The combination with a series of character designating punches and a corre-
sponding series of motors for operating said punches, of a series of finger pieces
arranged in horizontal rows and vertical columns, each finger piece being located
at the intersection of a row and a column, connections controlled by the finger
pieces in each row for operating a punch motor, and connections controlled by
the finger pieces in each column for operating a punch motor, whereby, upon
operating any one finger piece, a motor corresponding to the column in which that
finger piece is located is operated, and a motor corresponding to the row in which
that finger piece is located is also operated, to produce an indication corresponding
to that finger piece alone; substantially as described.
2. The combination with a series of character designating punches and a
corresponding series of motors for operating said punches, of a series of fluid
pressure mains arranged in horizontal rows and in vertical columns, each row
and each column controlling an independent punch motor, of a series of finger
pieces located at the intersection of said rows and columns for controlling the
application of the energizing power through said mains to the motors, whereby
upon the operation of any finger piece, a motor and punch corresponding to
the row, and a separate motor and punch corresponding to the
column in which said finger piece is located will be operated; substantially as
described.
3. The combination with a series of punches for designating characters, pressure
operated pistons and cylinders constituting motors for operating said punches,
and a pressure supply, of two series of mains or ducts, each of the ducts controlling
a separate punch motor, and finger pieces, each controlling the admission of
pressure to one of the ducts of each of the series, whereby, upon the operation of
any finger piece, two punches will be operated; substantially as described.
4. The combination with a series of character designating punches, a series
of motors corresponding thereto and comprising cylinders and pistons for operat-
ing said punches and a pressure supply, of a key board having two systems of
ducts, each duct communicating with a cylinder, and valved finger pieces, each
controlling the admission of pressure to one of the ducts of each system, whereby
upon the operation of any one finger piece, two punches will be operated; sub- 5
stantially as described.
5. The combination with a series of character designating punches, a series

page_text: of motors, one for each punch and comprising a piston and cylinder and a pressure
supply chamber, of a series of ducts arranged in columns and a second series of
ducts arranged in rows transverse of the columns, each duct communicating
with a cylinder, of a series of finger pieces located at the intersection of the rows
and columns of ducts and each provided with a valve for opening communication.
between the pressure supply chamber and one of the ducts in each of the systems,
whereby two punches are operated; substantially as described.
6. In a character designating machine, the combination with a series of char-
acter designating punches and a series of pressure operated motors, one for each
punch, of a pressure supply chamber, two series of ducts arranged in proximity
to each other above said chamber, each duct of each system communicating with
a punch motor, and a series of valved finger pieces extending down into the pres-
sure chamber and controlling the admission of pressure from said chamber to
the ducts; substantially as described.
7. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
designating punches, and the pressure operated motors, one for each of said
punches, of the key board formed by a series of bars secured side by side and
having rearwardly extending channels or ducts formed therein and independent
transverse channels or ducts also formed therein, each of said channels or ducts
communicating with a punch motor and a series of valved finger pieces mounted
in said bars for controlling the admission of pressure to said ducts; substantially
as described.
.8. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with a designating
mechanism comprising punches and pressure operated motors for said punches,
of a key board for controlling the admission of pressure to said motors formed by
a series of bars secured side by side with channels or ducts formed in the meeting
faces of said bars and transverse registering apertures in said bars constituting
ducts or channels, each of said ducts or channels communicating with a motor, and
vertically movable finger pieces mounted in said bars for controlling the admission
of pressure to said channels; substantially as described.
9. In a character designating apparatus the combination with the designating
mechanism and motors for operating the same, of a key board embodying a pres-
sure supply chamber, a series of channels for communicating pressure to the
motors of the designating meclianism. valved finger pieces working vertically
into said pressure chamber for opening communication between the pressure
chamber and passages, and transverse rods for holding said valved finger pieces
in alignment; substantially as described.
10. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism and motors for operating the same, of a key board embodying a pres-
sure supply chamber, a series of channels for communicating pressure to the
motors, of the designating mechanism, valved finger pieces having their lower
ends slotted and transverse rods located in said slots for holding the finger pieces
in alignment; substantially as described.
11. The combination with the punches for designating characters, the pivoted
levers with which said punches are connected and the motor cylinders and pistons
connected with said levers, of the pressure chamber, the ducts or passages com-
municating with the motor cylinders and the finger pieces for opening communi-
cation between the pressure chamber and the motor cylinders substantially as
described.
12. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the punches, the pivoted
operating levers with which said punches are connected, the cylinder block having
the cylinders formed therein and the pistons working in said cylinders and con-
nected with the punch operating levers for operating the same, of the pressure
supply ducts communicating with said cylinders, a pressure supply, and finger
pieces for controlling the admission of pressure to said ducts and cylinders; sub-
stantially as described.
13. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the character designating

page_text: mechanism, and the motors therefor, comprising cylinders and pistons, with
exhaust vents for permitting the escape of pressure from the cylinders, of a pres-
sure supply, ducts for supplying pressure to said cylinders and valved finger
pieces for controlling the admission of pressure to said ducts and cylinders; sub-
stantially as described.
14. In a designating apparatus, the combination with designating mechanism,
of motors for operating said designating mechanism, comprising vented cylinders
and pistons working therein, of a pressure supply, ducts for supplying pressure
to said cylinders and finger pieces controlling the admission of pressure to said
ducts and cylinders; substantially as described.
15. In a designating apparatus, the combination with designating mechanism,
and motors for operating said designating mechanism, comprising constantly
vented cylinders and pistons working therein, of a pressure supply, ducts for
supplying pressure to said cylinders and a series of finger pieces for admitting
pressure to each of said ducts, whereby the finger pieces control only the admission
of pressure to said motor cylinders and not the exhaust therefrom; substantially
as described.
16. The combination with the paper feed mechanism and motor for operating
the same, of designating punches, the motors for operating said punches, the
finger pieces controlling said motors and the paper feed motor controlling mech-
anism operated by the punch motors; substantially as described.
17. In a character designating mechanism the combination with the paper feed
mechanism, a motor piston and cylinder therefor, and a valve controlling the
admission of pressure to said motor cylinder, of a series of designating punches,
a corresponding series of motors for operating said punches, finger pieces for
controlling the admission of pressure to said motors and a paper feed motor
valve operating mechanism controlled by the punch operating motors; substan-
tially as described.
18. In a character designating machine, the combination with a paper feed
mechanism, and a series of punches for making the character designations, of
operating levers for said punches and motors for said operating levers, finger pieces
controlling said motors and a paper feed motor controlled by the punch operating
levers; substantially as described.
19. The combination in a designating apparatus, with a paper feed mechanism,
a series of punches, a series of punch operating levers, a series of motors for
operating said levers, and finger pieces controlling said motors, of a paper feed
motor, and a controlling mechanism for said paper feed motor embodying a
rocking frame having a bar extending across the punch operating levers adapted
to be operated by movement of any one or more of said levers; substantially as
described.
20. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
designating punches, the operating levers therefor, motors for operating said
levers and the finger pieces controlling said motors, of the rocking frame overlying
said levers and the spring pressed pin co-operating with said frame for returning
the levers to normal position; substantially as described.
21. In a paper feeding mechanism, the combination with a feed shaft and a
winding roll driven therefrom with gears interposed between said shaft and
winding roll embodying a friction connection for permitting said roll and shaft
to have differential movements in accordance with the quantity of paper on the
winding roll, of a driving mechanism for said feed shaft having a ratchet wheel,
a reciprocating pawl carrier for moving said wheel intermittently, a motor for recip
rocating said pawl carrier and a locking pawl for limiting the forward movement of
the ratchet wheel having an extension for co-operation with the pawl carrier
to throw said locking pawl into operative position; substantially as described.
22. In a paper feed the combination with the paper feeding shaft, the winding
roll, gear wheels interposed between said feed shaft and winding roll, friction
disks for connecting the gear train with the winding roll and the adjustable spring

page_text: tension for regulating the friction of the disks, of a driving mechanism for the
feed shaft comprising a reciprocating pawl carrier and a pawl and ratchet wheel
on the feed shaft; substantially as described.
23. In a paper feed mechanism, the combination with a feed shaft and the
winding roll driven therefrom, of a ratchet wheel rigidly mounted on the feed
shaft, a pawl carrier journaled on the feed shaft, a pawl on said pawl carrier
and a locking pawl thrown into engagement by the advanced movement of the
pawl carrier; substantially as described.
24. In a paper feed mechanism, the combination with the feed shaft, the
winding roll driven therefrom, and the two ratchet wheels having reversely
arranged teeth rigidly mounted on said shaft, of the pawl carrier, the pawl
mounted on said carrier and co-operating with one of the ratchet wheels and a
locking pawl mounted on a fixed support, adapted to co-operate with the other
ratchet wheel and having a projection for co-operation with the pawl carrier
whereby the locking pawl is thrown into position by the advance movement of
the pawl carrier to limit the movement of the feed shaft; substantially as
described.
25. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the character designating
mechanism, and finger pieces controlling the same, and an indicating mechanism
for indicating the body widths of the characters designated, embodying a driven
part adapted to advance in accordance with the body widths of the characters
designated and to move reversely in resetting, of motors for moving the said
driven part in opposite directions, one of said motors acting during the resetting
period and a finger piece for controlling said motors; substantially as described.
26. In a measuring mechanism for a designating machine such as described,
the combination with a units wheel with means for controlling its advance move-
ment in accordance with the body widths of the characters designated, of a
motor for advancing said wheel, a motor for resetting the parts and a finger
piece controlling the application of power to said motors respectively; substan-
tially as described
27. In a character measuring mechanism for a character designating machine,
such as described, the combination with a units wheel, with means for limiting
its forward movement in accordance with the body widths of the characters
designated, of a motor rack for advancing said units wheel, motors for moving
said rack in opposite directions and a finger piece for controlling the application
of power to said motors, whereby the units wheel may be advanced during the
indicating period and returned to normal position at the completion of a line of
designations: substantially as described.
28. In a character measuring mechanism for a designating machine, such as
described, the combination with a units wheel with means for controlling the
forward movement of the units wheel in accordance with the body widths of the
characters designated and a motor rack for moving said units wheel, of oppositely
arranged pressure motors for moving said rack and units wheel, a pressure supply,
ducts leading from said pressure supply to the motors and a finger piece con-
trolling the admission of pressure to said ducts: substantially as described.
29. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the designating mech-
anism, the operating levers, the motors for moving said levers and the finger pieces
controlling said motors, of a units wheel, a motor for advancing said units wheel,
a units rack movable into and out of engagement with said units wheel, a series
of stops connected with the operating levers for arresting the movement of the
units rack and units wheel and projections on said stops for moving the units
rack into and out of engagement with the units wheel; substantially as described.
30. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the designating mech-
anism, a series of operating levers, the series of motors and the finger pieces
controlling said motors, of the units wheel, the motor controlling said units
wheel, a finger piece controlling said motor, a units rack, a units rack carrier,
a series of stops for limiting the movement of the units rack and projections

page_text: on said stons for co-operating with the units rack carrier to move the units rack
into and out of mesh with the units wheel, substantially as described.
31. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the designating mechan-
ism, the series of operating levers, the series of motors for said levers, the finger
pieces controlling said motors, the units wheel, the units wheel motor and the
finger piece controlling said motor, of a units rack, a units rack carrier, a series
of stops for limiting the movement of the units rack connected with the operating
levers and an elastic take-up interposed between the stops and units rack carrier;
substantially as described.
32. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism, finger pieces controlling the same, the units wheel and the units
wheel motor, of the units rack, the units rack carrier, a series of stops for limiting
the movement of the units rack, the wing pivoted on said units rack carrier and
co-operating with the stops to move the rack into mesh with the units wheel,
the spring connected with said wing and the adjustable stop for limiting the
movement of the wing; substantially as described.
33. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the designating mechan-
ism, the finger pieces controlling the same, the units wheel, the motor for said
units wheel, and the series of stops controlled by the designating mechanism,
of the units rack, the units rack carrier movable towards and from the units
wheel, the locking dog for the units wheel operated by the units rack carrier and
mechanism interposed between the units rack carrier and stops whereby the
units rack carrier is operated and in turn operates the locking dog; substantially
as described.
34. In a designating apparatus, the combination with the designating mech-
anism, finger pieces controlling the same, the units wheel with means for advanc-
ing the same during the designating period and for resetting the same, of a
units rack, units rack carrier, stops for limiting the movement of the units rack
and for operating the units rack carrier, a locking dog for the units wheel, a
push rod connected with said dog, a loose connection between said push rod
and units rack carrier, and a resetting mechanism for operating said push rod
to release the dog from engagement with the wheel independntly of the move-
ment of the units rack carrier; substantially as described.
35. In an apparatus such as described, the combination of the following elements,
to wit, a series of finger-pieces for designating characters of unvarying width;
a finger piece for designating characters or spaces variable as to width a series
of finger pieces representing different degrees of variation for the variable char-
acters or spaces; a movable chart having reference characters for denoting the
finger pieces upon the keyboard which produce variation in width of the variable
characters and spaces; an indicator or pointer: mchanism controlled by the
finger pieces for the unvarying and variable width characters or spaces for shift-
ing the position of the chart, with respect to the indicator, from one character
to another in a set or row; and mechanism controlled by the finger piece for
variable width characters or spaces for shifting the position of the indicator with
relation to the chart from one row or series of characters to another; whereby
the operation of the finger piece for denoting characters or spaces of variable
width will effect a transfer of the indicator from one set or series of charted char-
acters to another; substantially as described.
36. In an apparatus such as described, the combination with the designating
mechanism, embodying character designating finger pieces one of which desig-
nates characters the body-width of which is adapted to be varied for justification,
of an indicating mechanism embodying a movable chart having reference char-
acters for denoting the finger pieces upon the keyboard which produce variation
in width of the variable characters and spaces, and a pointer or indicator for
registering with said characters on the chart, said chart being movable in one
direction with respect to the pointer and the pointer being movable in a direc-
tion transverse to the movement of the chart, the movement of the chart being

page_text: controlled by all of the character designating finger pieces, and the movement
of the pointer being controlled by the finger piece for designating characters
whose body width is to be varied substantially as described.
37. The combination in an apparatus such as described, embodying character
designating finger pieces, one of which designates justification characters adapted
to have their body widths varied, a units wheel controlled by the designating
finger pieces, and a chart or dial controlled by the units wheel, of a pointer for
registering with said chart and connections between said pointer and the justi-
fication character designating finger piece independent of the units wheel, whereby
said chart will be controlled by the designating finger pieces to register units
of body width of the characters designated and the pointer will be controlled
by the justification character designating key to register the number of such
characters designated; substantially as described.
- 38. In an apparatus, such as described, the combination of the following ele-
ments, to wit, designating finger pieces for designating characters having con-
stant but different body widths, a designating finger piece for designating char-
acters or spaces having variable body width, a units wheel controlled by the
designating finger pieces and having an angular movement proportioned to the
Dermal body width of the characters designated, a movable chart controlled by
said units wheel and an indicator or pointer for registering with said chart con-
trolled by the finger piece for designating characters or spaces having variable
body width; substantially as described.
39. In an apparatus, such as described, for designating characters in the record
strip or ribbon, the combination of the following elements, to wit, finger pieces
for designating characters having constant body widths, a finger piece for desig-
nating characters or spaces having a variable body width, finger pieces for desig-
nating justification, a units wheel controlled in its advance movement by said
character and space designating finger pieces in accordance with the widths of the
characters designated, a chart movable in unison with said units wheel and having
sets of characters the number of sets corresponding to the number of possible
operations in any one line of the finger pieces for designating characters having
variable body widths, a justification indicator for registering with the characters
on the chart, and connections between said indicator and the mechanism for desig-
nating characters having variable body width; substantially as described.
40. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the finger piece
controlled designating mechanism, of an indicating mechanism embodying an
indicating chart or dial, a motor for operating said indicating mechanism, and a
mechanism controlled by the finger pieces for controlling the indicating mech-
anism and its motor; substantially as described.
41. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism and finger pieces controlling the same, of indicating mechanism
embodying two elements, one of which operates throughout the entire line of indi-
cations and the other of which operates only during a final and predetermined
portion of said line of indications, and a motor for driving the last named ele-
ment controlled by the movement of the first mentioned element; substantially
as described.
42. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
designating mechanism and finger pieces controlling the same, of an indicating
mechanism embodying a chart and a motor for operating said indicating mech-
anism, a units wheel, a motor for advancing the units wheel in accordance with
the body widths of the characters indicated, and connections between said motor
and the chart motor for operating the latter throughout a final and predetermined
portion of the line of designations; substantially as described.
43. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism and finger pieces controlling the same, of an indicating mechanism,
a normally inactive secondary motor for said indicating mechanism, a motor
rack and normally active motor for advancing said rack and connections between

page_text: the normally active and normally inactive motors for rendering the latter active
at a predetermined point in the movement of the former, substantially as described.
44. In an indicating apparatus, the combination with the indicating mechan-
ism, finger pieces controlling the same, the motor rack controlled by the indi-
cating mechanism to advance in accordance with the body widths of the characters
designated, the pressure motor for advancing said rack and a pressure supply
for said motor, of a justification indicator, a motor for operating said justification
indicator, connections between said justification indicator and rack, and con-
nections between the justification indicator motor and rack motor, whereby at
a predetermined point in the movement of the latter, pressure will be admitted
to the justification indicator motor to render the same operative; substantially
as set forth.
45. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
indicating mechanism. and finger pieces controlling the same, of the justification
motor rack controlled in its advance movement by the character indicating
mechanism, a motor cylinder and piston for advancing said rack, a pressure
supply for said cylinder, a justification indicator controlled by said motor rack,
a pressure motor for advancing the justification indicator, comprising a piston
and cylinder and connections between said cylinders; whereby upon the advance
of the motor rack and its piston to a predetermined point, pressure will be
admitted to the justification motor cylinder for relieving the motor rack from
the labor of advancing the justification indicator; substantially as described.
46. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism and finger pieces controlling the same, the units wheel controlled in
its advance by the character designating mechanism, the motor rack and motor
for advancing the units wheel and the justification indicator, of a supplemental
rack mounted on the motor rack and adapted to operate the justification indicator
at a predetermined point in the travel of the motor rack; substantially as
'described.
47. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism, finger pieces controlling the same, a motor rack, the units wheel
operated thereby, and controlled in its movement by the character designating
mechanism and the indicating mechanism embodying a shaft having a pinion
thereon, of a supplemental rack yieldingly mounted on the motor rack and
adapted to mesh with the pinion on the indicating mechanism at a predetermined
point in the travel of the motor rack, and stops connected with said pinion and
supplemental rack, respectively, for initiating the movement of the pinion and
ensuring the correct engagement of the supplemental rack and pinion; substan-
tially as described.
48. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
designating mechanism and finger pieces controlling said mechanism, the units
wheel, the motor rack for driving said units wheel, the motor and resetting
cylinders and pistons for said rack, a pressure supply and ducts leading
from said motor and resetting cylinders to said pressure supply, of a rock shaft,
valves controlled by said rock shaft and interposed in the said ducts and operat-
ing to simultaneously open communication between one of said cylinders and the
pressure supply and close communication between the opposite of said cylinders
and the pressure supply, and a finger piece controlling said rock shaft; substan-
tially as described.
49. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
designating mechanism and finger pieces controlling the same, the units wheel
and rack for operating the same, the motor for advancing the units wheel and
the indicator controlled by the units wheel, of a resetting mechanism comprising
a motor cylinder, piston, and pressure supply, a duct leading from said cylinder
to the pressure supply, a valve interposed in said duct, and a finger piece con-
trolling said valve; substantially as described.
.50. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character

page_text: designating mechanism and finger pieces, controlling the same, the motor for
advancing the units wheel, and the indicator controlled by the units wheel, of a
resetting mechanism comprising a motor cylinder piston and pressure supply,
a duct leading from said cylinder to the pressure supply, a valve interposed in
said duct, a finger piece controlling said valve, and the throttling valve located
in said duct and operating to permit a free egress of pressure from said cylinder,
but adapted to retard the ingress of pressure to said cylinder; substantially as
described.
51. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the designating
mechanism, the justification indicating mechanism, and a rock shaft controlling
the resetting of the justification indicating mechanism, of a motor for operating
said rock shaft and a finger piece controlling said motor; substantially as
described.
52. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the character
designating mechanism and finger pieces controlling the same, the indicating
mechanism embodying a movable chart or dial and a movable pointer or indicator
for registering therewith, the motors for the chart or dial, à pawl and ratchet
mechanism for operating the pointer, a rock shaft controlling said motor, a pro-
jection on said rock shaft for releasing the pawls on the pointer operating mech-
anism, and a finger piece controlling said rock shaft; substantially as described.
53. In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the indicating
mechanism, for registering the body widths of the characters designated and
embodying pressure motors for advancing and resetting said indicating mechan-
ism, of a spring pressed rock shaft controlling the admission of pressure to said
motors, a pressure motor for actuating said rock shaft against the tension of its
spring, and a finger piece controlling said rock shaft and motor; substantially as
described.
54 In a character designating apparatus, the combination with the indicating
mechanism embodying a chart having horizontal rows of indications thereon,
motors for operating said indicating mechanism with means for controlling the
same in accordance with the body widths of the characters designated, and a
vertically movable pointer for registering with the indications on said chart
adapted to be moved vertically in accordance with the number of variable body
characters designated, of a rock shaft controlling the admission of pressure to
the indicating mechanism motor and a projection on said rock shaft to reset the
mechanism; substantially as described.
55. In an indicating mechanism for character designating apparatus, the com-
bination with a units wheel controlled in its advance in accordance with the body
widths of the characters designated, a pinion connected with said units wheel
and a motor impelled rack geared with the upper side of said units wheel, of a
second shaft having a pinion thereon located above the rack, a supplemental
rack carried by the second rack for meshing with the last mentioned pinion and
an indicating mechanism controlled by said second shaft; substantially as
described.
Dated this 10th day of July 1900.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.