IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hargreaves, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 16th June 1865, and dated the 21st December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hargreaves at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1864.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved shedding motion or indexing appa-
ratus for working any suitable number of healds for weaving fancy fabrics,
but more especially for weaving terry cloth of various patterns or designs. On
the tappet shaft of the loom I fix a double internal tappet, in the groove of
which there is a bowl working on a stud attached by a bracket to a lever
having connected to it the bottom end of a connecting rod, the top of which is
fixed to a knife or lifter which reciprocates up and down by means of the
double tappet, and acts upon hooks connected by wires, jacks, and chains, or
cords to the healds. According to the pattern required the hooks are pressed
inwards by lances or fingers acted upon by pegs in a pattern cylinder, which
is made to revolve by gearing from the tappet or crank shafts of the loom,

page_text: and is capable of sliding to and fro on its shaft by means of a lever and clutch
worked by hand. The hooks are suspended near their upper ends to the
wires connected to the jacks, and their tops are bevilled, so that when they
are not pressed inwards for enabling their hooked ends to be caught by the
knife, they shall by their own gravity be out of reach of the knife, and at the.
same time be ready to be acted upon by other pegs in the pattern cylinder,
the hooks being maintained in their backward position when the knife is
changing its motion by their bevilled tops being in contact with a plate fixed
to the framework of the loom. When the tops are released from the plate
the hooks can be acted upon by the pegs, and as the pattern cylinder can be
moved to and fro to enable different rows of pegs to act upon the hooks, the
changes in the pattern of the fabric can be made with great facility.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hargreaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HARGREAVES, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Hargreaves, Her special license that I, the said James Har-
greaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Hargreaves, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hargreaves, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings (that is to say) :-
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of part of a loom provided with my improve-
ments; Figs. 2 and 3, front views of the same; and Fig. 4 a plan of one of
the parts detached.
This Invention consists in an improved shedding motion or indexing appa-
ratus for working any suitable number of healds for weaving fancy fabrics,
but more especially for weaving terry cloth of various patterns or designs.
On the tappet shaft a of the loom I fix a double internal tappet b, in the
groove c of which there is a bowl d working on a stud attached by a bracket
to a lever e, having connected to it the bottom end of a connecting rod f, the
top of which is fixed to a knife g, which reciprocates up and down by means
of the double tappet, and acts upon ordinary hooks h connected by wires i,
jacks k, and chains or cords to the healds m. According to the pattern
required the hooks are pressed inwards by levers or fingers n acted upon by
pegs in a pattern cylinder o, which is made to revolve by gearing from the
tappet or crank shafts of the loom, and is capable of sliding to and fro side-
ways by means of a lever p and clutch a worked by hand. The hooks are
suspended in the usual manner near their upper ends to the wires connected
to the jacks, and their tops are bevilled, so that when they are not pressed
inwards for enabling their hooked ends to be caught by the knife, they shall
by their own gravity be out of reach of the knife, and at the same time be
ready to be acted upon by other pegs in the pattern cylinder, the hooks being
maintained in their backward position when the knife is changing its motion
by their bevilled tops being in contact with a block or plate fixed to the
upper framework. When the tops are released from the block the hooks
can be acted upon by the pegs, and as the pattern cylinder can be moved to
and fro to enable different rows of pegs to act upon the hooks, the changes
in the pattern can be made with great facility.
The main features of this Invention consist in forming in the double tappet
a number of dwells, and in causing the pattern cylinder to be moved to and
fro sideways.
The dwells are shewn at r, s, t, u, Fig. 4, and are for the purpose of giving
a dwell to the knife at the top and bottom of its stroke for allowing time for
the changes. The pattern cylinder o is fixed to the shaft v, carrying the spur
wheel w gearing into the broad spur wheel, working on a stationary stud.

page_text: To the wheel is cast or fixed the bevil wheel y, gearing into the bevil wheel z
on the top of the shaft a', to the bottom of which is fixed the bevil wheel b',
gearing into the bevil wheel c¹ on the countershaft d', having the spur wheel e¹
gearing into the spur wheel f¹ on the tappet shaft a, which as it revolves turns
the broad wheel a, from end to end of which the spur wheel w can be moved
and still be in gear, and therefore the pattern cylinder can be moved sideways
for enabling different rows of pegs to act upon the hooks.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim, the dwells r, s, t, u, Fig. 4, in the double internal tappet for
giving dwells to the knife. The broad spur wheel a for enabling the spur
wheel w to be always in gear, and the lever p and clutch q for shifting the
pattern cylinder sideways, as all such improvements are herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hargreaves, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Hargreaves,
in the presence of,
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES HARGREAVES. (L.S.)