IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Henri Schlumberger, of Guebwiller, in the
Empire of France.
Sealed the 15th July 1862, and dated the 3rd February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
3rd February 1862.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane;"
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for spinning relates to the
motion of the delivering rollers during the operation of winding-on in the mule.
jenny machines.
The Invention consists in giving to the delivering rollers during the winding
on a differential or varying motion, which must be dependent on and governed
by the circumference of the rollers and their speed of rotation during a given
time, and also the distance travelled by the carriage during the same time:

page_text: These motions must be arranged to decrease as the carriage approaches the
delivering rollers. The motion of the rollers ought even to be completely
arrested before the carriage has arrived at the end of its course. It will be
understood that this differential or varying motion may be effected by various
mechanical arrangements or appliances; for instance, a disc or eccentric
gearing or a decreasing scroll wheel, or a sector and chain, or a differential
wheel may be interposed between the carriage or winding-on apparatus, or the
principal moving parts on the one hand and the delivering rollers on the other.
Any of these or other equivalent mechanical contrivances must be placed
between the gearing which actuates the delivery rollers and that which actuates
the carriage, so that as the latter advances in the winding-on operation the
motion or rotation of the delivering rollers may be gradually diminished or
even stopped altogether...
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, 'or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with; and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING," being a communication
from abroad by Henri Schlumberger, of Guebwiller, in the Empire of France,
upon the condition-(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great

page_text: Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Spinning" relates to the
motion of the delivering rollers during the operation of winding on in the mule
jenny machines.
The Invention consists in giving to the delivering rollers during the winding-
on a differential or varying motion, which must be dependent on and governed
by the circumference of the rollers and their speed of rotation during a given
time, and also the distance travelled by the carriage during the same time.
These motions must be arranged to decrease as the carriage approaches the
delivering rollers, and the motion of the rollers may, if desired, even be
completely arrested before the carriage has arrived at the end of its course.
It will be understood that this differential or varying motion may be effected
by various mechanical arrangements or appliances; for instance, a disc or
excentric gearing or a decreasing scroll wheel, or a sector and chain, or a
differential wheel may be interposed between the carriage or winding-on
apparatus, or the principal moving parts on the one hand and the delivering
rollers on the other. Any of these or other equivalent mechanical contrivances
must be placed between the gearing which actuates the delivery rollers and.
that which actuates the carriage, so that as the latter advances in the winding
on operation the motion or rotation of the delivery rollers may be gradually
diminished or even stopped altogether if desired.
The rotary motion of the rollers for delivering a certain length of thread
during the winding-on operation has been hitherto effected with a speed
bearing a constant relation either to the motion of the carriage itself, the
spindles, or that of the principal driving parts of the machine, whereby the
said rollers have been actuated. This arrangement and operation of the parts.
possesses the serious evil of not producing an uniformity of twist.in the thread.
In fact, suppose the rotation of the rollers during the winding-on operation to.
be governed by the carriage in such a manner that the length of untwisted.
yarn which they deliver is in constant relation to the course traversed by the
carriage in advancing in the winding-on operation, the twist acquired by the
lengths of untwisted yarn thus delivered by the rollers during the advance of
the carriage is taken up at each moment of the winding-on from the portion.

page_text: of twisted thread that has not yet been wound on. Now the lengths of twisted
yarn or thread continually decreases as the winding-on operation proceeds,
while the effect of the untwisting continues to act on that portion of the thread
that remains unwound, whereas the untwisting has only acted for a very short
time upon the first layers that have been wound on. The result is, that the
first portion of thread that is wound on retains a greater amount of twist
than the last portion. The evil is evidently much more serious when the
rollers are driven by the principal movement of the machine, and especially
when driven by the movement of the spindles. In order that the twist should
remain equal the proportion of the length delivered by the rollers to the length
of course of the carriage must diminish during the winding on. This decreasing
proportion between the speed of these two parts in whatever manner it may be
effected by the general arrangement of the machine, or the means employed,
constitutes the principal characteristic feature of this Invention.
It is to be remarked that the law of decrease must be based by
observation.
First, upon the practical distribution of the twist when the carriage is at
full stretch..
Secondly, upon the driving forward of the twist by the pressure of the
faller wires.
Thirdly, upon the time necessary for the distribution of the twist over the
whole length of the stretch.
And, finally, upon the action exerted upon the portion of thread not wound
on by the working of the following stretch.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn certain mechanical arrange-
ments by which the movements described may be effected, but I do not
confine myself thereto.
The first arrangement consists in the interposition in the gearing (which
communicates motion from the carriage to the rollers) of two wheels or
excentric toothed segments arranged in such a manner that they shall com-
municate a differential motion to the delivering rollers suitable to the require-
ments of the yarn as the carriage runs in.
Another arrangement consists in the interposition of a double-grooved scroll
and bands or cords between the carriage and the rollers. This scroll must be
constructed with such a varying decreasing diameter as will be necessary to
communicate the required differential motion to the rollers.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a diagram, shewing the manner in
which the object of the Invention may be effected by means of two excentric
toothed wheels interposed between the driving gear and the delivering rollers.

page_text: a is the travelling carriage, which by means of the cord b, that passes round
the carrying pulley c, actuates the cylinder d. On the axle of this cylinder is
a pinion d', which actuates the toothed wheel e, on the axle of which is
mounted the excentric toothed wheel f, which gears into and drives a similar
excentric toothed wheel f' on the axle of the wheel g. This wheel g gears
into and drives a pinion on the axle of the delivering rollers h, and thereby
communicates a differential motion to them, such motion depending upon the
relative position of the excentric toothed wheels f and f¹ to each other.
Fig. 2 shews an example of another mode of effecting the object of the
Invention. In this arrangement a double grooved scroll is employed. k is
the double grooved scroll connected with the delivering rollers h through the
wheels d, e, g, and the ratchet wheel and catch j. A cord 6 is attached to the
carriage a, and passes round a pulley c in front of the machine. The other
end of the cord b is fixed to the scroll k, and by working in the first groove of
the scroll k causes the drawing or delivering rollers h to turn with the required
speed. A counter cord passes directly from the carriage to the second groove
to the scroll k, and reacts during the running out of the carriage. As in both
these arrangements intermediate gear is placed between the carriage a and the
delivering rollers h, and such intermediate gear is driven or controlled by
the movement of the carriage, it follows that the rotation of the delivering
rollers must always bear a constant relation to the speed of the advancing
carriage.
The length of thread delivered by the rollers h during the return of the
carriage a renders it necessary to modify the speed of the spindles during
the winding-on operation. As long as the quantity delivered is proportional
to the movement of the carriage the known methods will suffice, providing the
diameter of the chain cylinder be in proper proportion, but when the quantity
is not in constant proportion it becomes necessary to have recourse to a
different arrangement. For this purpese the arrangement of parts shown in
Fig. 3 (and of which the following is the description) may be advantageously
employed.
Fig. 3 represents a side elevation of part of the side of a self-acting mule.
To the framing is fixed the centre of a lever m, which carries the screw for
effecting the winding-on motion with its female screw n and chain o. At the
upper extremity of this lever is jointed a second lever arm p, the lower
extremity of which is attached to the carriage a by a third lever/q. The
carriage in running in brings the joints of these levers m, p, and q into play,
but at the point of intersection of the second and third levers p and q is a
bowler, which runs upon a curved guide s fixed to the bed of the machine. It

page_text: is evident that the undulations of this curve will at each point of the running
in of the carriage determine the position of the three levers, and regulate the
length of the chain run off. Consequently a curve is employed of such a
form that the movements imparted to the spindles shall not only take up
lengths equal to the course run over by the carriage, but also those delivered
by the rollers. If towards the end of the winding-on the simple action
of the curve should not suffice to tighten the point of the cop, the third
lever, which extends beyond the bowle, carries a tension finger t regulated
by a guide groove, and which presses the chain o underneath to the required
degree.
Having now described the Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for
Spinning" as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would observe that
although I have shewn and described certain mechanical arrangements
whereby the object of the Invention may be effected, I do not mean or intend
to confine myself thereto, as various other mechanical equivalents may be
devised to obtain the desired result; I therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, giving to
the delivering rollers during the winding-on operation a differential or varying
motion, as herein set forth, and also winding on the length of yarn given out
at each stretch, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the First day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.s.)