IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOULDS FOR PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by Josef Kudlicz,
of Sedlec, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1880.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from
abroad by Josef Kudlicz, of Sedlec, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria.
This Invention relates to vertical moulds employed in casting pipes and similar
articles of a tubular or cylindrical form, and it consists in forming the case, cope,
or exterior mould in separate rings or annular segments by means of the apparatus
hereinafter described, which segments after being dried in a separate drying
chamber are brought direct from this drying chamber and placed in a flask or
moulding box of special construction, also hereinafter described.
In carrying out this Invention as applied to moulds for pipes with spigot &
socket points, for example, the moulding is carried on in a separate apartment, the
rings or segments which when united constitute the complete mould being formed
in sand or loam in the following manner :—
Tables are provided having a flat top supporting a number of cast iron cylinders,
each of which contains a piston or plunger acting as a pattern, the same being of
a form and diameter corresponding to that of the pipe to be produced, and capable
of being raised or lowered by means of a rack and pinion or other suitable device.
The upper part of these cylinders is of precisely the same internal diameter as the
mould box, and is formed in two semicircular halves connected by a hinge and
secured by bolts and nuts or cottars. One of the cylinders is used for producing
the part of the mould for forming the socket end of the pipe, and a suitable number
of cylinders is employed for preparing the rings or seginents forming the mould

page_text: for the shank or plain part.
Another cylinder is employed for making the part
of the mould which is intended to form the nozzle end of the pipe, this part being
also provided with the gate or inlet for the metal and a guide or support for the
core.
The wet sand or loam is placed upon the table and shovelled evenly into the
annular space between the cylinders and the pattern so as to fill the said space and
rise somewhat above the level of the upper edges of the cylinders; the sand is then
well rammed in, after which its upper surface is levelled and smoothed by means
of an iron disc having a central aperture for the passage of the pattern, and provided
with suitable moulds to facilitate its manipulation. The pattern is then lowered
so as to be drawn out of the mould by means of the rack and pinion, as herein-
before described, and the bolts connecting the two halves of the cast iron cylinder
are unfastened, thereby enabling the latter to be opened in order to allow the
annular mould of sand thus formed to be taken away to the drying room.
A loam core is employed provided at one extremity with a turned iron disc
which fits into the mould box, and is screwed on to the core spindle. The other
extremity is taper in order to enable the core to be firmly maintained concentric
to the mould, and the core is also turned true by the aid of a suitable pattern.
A moulding box divided longitudinally into two semicircular halves, connected
together by hinges, and fastened by bolts and nuts or cottars, is employed for
supporting the segments formed, as hereinbefore described, in the proper position.
This mould box is mounted on horizontal trunnions revolving in suitable bearing
so as to be capable of being turned round and caused to assume a horizontal or
vertical position as required.
In order to place the dried segments in the mould box the latter is turned upon
its trunnions until it assumes a horizontal position, and opened by causing the
upper half to turn upon its hinges; the rings or segments are then placed in
position one by one, beginning at the socket end after which the upper half of the
box is shut down upon the lower half and secured, as hereinbefore described. The
extremity containing the spigot end of the mould is then closed by means of a
plate having a central aperture, and secured with wedges or cottars. The mould
box is then turned upon its trunnions so as to bring it into a vertical position with
the socket end of the mould upwards, and the core is placed in position in the
mould by means of a crane. The upper end of the mould is then closed by means
of a disc or cover connected to the mould box by a hinge on one side and by a
bolt and nut or other fastening at the opposite side, after which the mould box is
again turned upon its trunnions so as to bring the spigot end upwards, and the
plate closing this end is then removed. The metal is then poured into the mould
in the usual manner whilst the latter is in a vertical position, and after the lapse
of a few minutes the mould box is placed in a horizontal position and opened; the
pipe, while yet in a heated condition, is then taken out, together with the mould,
and allowed to cool. Small holes are formed between the segments and in the
sides of the box for the escape of gas and vapor generated during the operation.
Flanged pipes may be manufactured in a similar manner by altering the form of
the mould.
By means of the improved method of casting hereinbefore described great economy
of labor and space is obtained, whilst at the same time the operations of preparing
the moulds and casting the metal are performed under more favorable conditions
than when conducted according to the methods heretofore cmployed.
Pipes manufactured according to this method are perfectly smooth and free from
irregularities, and facility is afforded for casting pipes with swellings, flanges, ribs,
or other protuberances, which has heretofore been attended with difficulty in the
operation of casting in upright moulds.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
February 1881.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from abroad by Josef
Kudlicz, of Sedlec, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria.
The said Invention relates to vertical moulds employed in casting pipes and
similar articles of a tubular or cylindrical form, and it consists in forming the case,
cope, or exterior mould in separate rings or annular sections by means of the
apparatus hereinafter described, which rings or sections after being dried in a
separate drying chamber are brought direct from the drying chamber and placed
in a flash or moulding box of peculiar construction, also hereinafter described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of
reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents a side elevation of a mould
box constructed according to the said Invention, and intended to be applied to the
manufacture of pipes with spigot and rocket joints (for example); Figure 2 is a
corresponding front elevation partly in section showing the box open, and Figure 3
is a detail of a plate employed for temporarily closing one extremity of the mould
box, as hereinafter described; Figure 4 is a plan corresponding to Figure 1, the
view being taken from below, and Figure 5 is a plan corresponding to Figure 2,
the view likewise being taken from below; Figure 6 is a transverse section of the
mould box (shewn partly open); Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus
employed in making the rings or sections forming the moulds; Figure 8 is a
transverse section, and Figure 9 is a plan of the said apparatus, both corresponding
to Figure 7; Figures 10 and 11 are a modification and detail hereinafter
described.
The mould box, as represented in Figures 1 to 6, is divided longitudinally into
two semi-circular halves D and E connected together by hinges, and fastened by
bolts and nuts m or other suitable devices. The box is mounted on horizontal
trunions o supported in suitable bearings so as to be capable of being caused to
assume a horizonal or vertical position as required.
The upper extremity of the mould box is capable of being closed when required
by means of a plate G, Figure 1 and 3, secured by wedges p passed through pins p',
and the lower extremity of the box is closed by means of a disc or plate H secured
by a hinge q on one side, and by a bolt and nut q' on the opposite side.
The moulding or preparation of the moulds is carried on in a separate apart-
ment, the rings or segments which when united constitute the complete mould
being formed by means of the apparatus illustrated in Figures 7 to 11, and next
hereinafter described. A bench or table d is provided carrying a number of cast
iron cylinders L which form guides to corresponding plungers e acting as patterns.
the same being of a form and diameter corresponding to the pipe that is to be
obtained, and capable of being raised or lowered by means of a rack fand pinion f¹,
worked by a crank hande k.
These cylinders are formed with flanges having a raised central portion or
projection w of precisely the same diameter as the interior of the mould box and
cylinders M, M³, M², having the same internal diameter as the mould box, are
caused to fit over the said projection w. The cylinders M, M, M², are constructed
in a similar manner to the mould box, being formed in two semi-circular halves

page_text: connected together by hinges 7, and secured by bolts and nuts 8 or by other
suitable means.
The cylinder M is used for forming the part of the mould for the socket end of
the pipe, and one or more cylinders M¹ may be employed for preparing the rings
or segments forming the mould for the shank or plain part. The cylinder M² is
employed for making the part of the mould which is intended to form the nozzle
or spigal end of the pipe, this part being also provided with the gate or inlet v for
the metal and guide or support vl for the core, hereinafter described.
The wet sand or loam is placed upon the table d and shovelled evenly into the
annular spaces between the sides of the cylinders M, M', M², and the patterns e so
as to fill the said spaces and rise somewhat above the level of the upper edges of
the cylinders; the sand is then well rammed in so as to form moulds h, after
which its upper surface is levelled and smoothed by means of an iron disc,
Figure 11, having a central aperture O for the passage of the patterns, and pro-
vided with handles P to facilitate its manipulation. The patterns e are then
lowered so as to be drawn out of the moulds h by means of the racks f and
pinions f¹, and the bolts s connecting the two halves of the cylinders M, M², M², are
unfastened, thereby enabling the latter to be opened in order to allow the annular
mould h of sand thus formed to be taken away to the drying room.
A loam core T is employed provided at one extremity with a turned iron disc
which fits into the mould box and is keyed on to the core spindle. The other
extremity is taper in order to enable the core to be firmly maintained concentric
to the mould, and the core is also turned true by the aid of a suitable pattern.
In order to place the dried rings or sections in the mould box, hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 1 to 6, the box is turned upon its trunnions
until it assumes a horizontal position, and opened by causing the part D to turn
upon its hinges e; the rings or sections are then placed in position one by one,
beginning at the socket end, after which the half D of the box is shut down upon
the half E and secured, as hereinbefore described. The extremity containing the
spigal or nozzle end of the mould is then closed by means of the plate G, which is
formed with a central aperture for the passage of the core, as shewn in Figure 3.
The mould box is then turned upon its trunnions so as to bring it into a vertical
position with the socket-end of the mould upwards, and the core T is placed in
position in the mould by means of a crane. The upper end of the mould is then
closed by means of the disc or cover H, as herein before described, after which the
mould box is again turned upon its trunnions so as to bring the spigal end upwards,
and the plate G is removed.
The metal is then poured into the mould in the usual manner whilst the mould
is in a vertical position by means of an ordinary foundry crane, and after the lapse
of a few minutes the mould box is placed in a horizontal position and opened. The
pipe, while yet in a heated condition, is then taken out, together with the mould,
and allowed to cool under favourable conditions. Flanged pipes may be manu-
factured in a similar manner by altering the form of the mould, as shewn in
Figure 10.
By means of the improved arrangements hereinbefore described great economy
of labor and space is obtained, whilst at the same time the operations of preparing
the moulds and casting the metal are performed under more favorable conditions
than when conducted according to the methods heretofore employed.
The labour of emptying pits is entirely obviated, the sand moulds being removed
together with the castings, so that the mould boxes which are employed, according
to this Invention, in lieu of pits, are left clear, and ready for a subsequent casting,
and the operation may be repeated from fifteen to twenty times in the course of a
day. The cost of labour is diminished by one half the usual amount, and the drying
process is reduced by one tenth, as the sections of the mould are dried under
most favorable conditions in convenient drying rooms in lieu of employing open fires,
as heretofore, which require ten or twelve hours to dry the moulds. The moulds
are thus enabled to be dried in a thorough and uniform manner so as to be placed

page_text: in the mould box in a cold condition, and obviate the risk of producing porous
castings. Small holes are formed between the sections of the mould and in the
sides of the mould-box for the escape of any gas and vapour that may be generated
during the operation.
Pipes or castings manufactured according to this method are perfectly smooth
and free from irregularities. Facility is also afforded for casting pipes with flanges,
shoulders, collars, webs, or other projections, the manufacture of which class of pipes
has heretofore been attended with difficulty in the operation of casting in upright
moulds.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the bereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
Constructing the case, cope, or exterior inould in separato rings or sections by
means of the apparatus herein before described, drying the separate rings or
sections in drying chambers, and then applying the said rings or sections in mould
boxes made in two parts, and having an accurately adjusted core, substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty eighth day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)