IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CAST METALLIC BUTT HINGES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Underhill, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Brass Founder, and John Cartland, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CAST METALLIC BUTT HINGES."
ealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 16th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Underhill and John
Cartland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October
1876.
JOSEPH UNDERHILL, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brass Founder, and JOHN CARTLAND, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST METALLIC BUTT HINGES."
Our Invention consists in manufacturing cast metallic butt hinges by the pro-
cess or combination of processes herein-after described.
Our Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of cast metallic butt
hinges of brass or the annealed cast iron commonly called malleable iron, but it is
also applicable to the manufacture of cast metallic butt hinges of other metals and
metallic alloys.
In making the said hinges according to our Invention we cast plates or blanks
of a length equal to the length of the hinge to be made, and of a width equal to
the combined width of the two flaps and the metal of which the joints are to be
made. The said cast plates are flat on one side, and either flat on the other side
or slightly tapered to both edges. Or the side of the casting which is to be made
into the inner or opposed face of the flaps may have a depression cast in its middle
extending its whole length, and reducing the metal at that part to about one half
of the thickness of the metal on either side of it. The flaps of the hinge are made
from the thick outer portions of the casting, and the barrel parts of the hinge from
the middle portion of the casting.
The required countersunk holes are cast in the portions from which the flaps are
to be made.
When no depression is made in the middle portion of the casting by the casting
process the depression described is made by planing or by otherwise cutting away
the metal.

page_text: Both sides and the edges of the casting are dressed by machine or hand filing,
and the countersunk holes are dressed in the usual way. By means of a press or
stamp the casting is cut into two portions, the thin middle part being divided by
a series of cuts or divisions having the figure of the parts from which the knuckles
are made. The said parts are then operated upon by an ordinary turning up
machine, whereby the thin parts from which the knuckles of the hinges are to be
made are turned up into a trough shape. The turned up parts are interlocked,
and the pin forming the axis of the hinge is placed in the turned up interlocked
parts. The trough-shaped knuckles are then closed upon the pin or axis by means
of a press or stamp. The joint may when desirable be dressed by hand filing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Underhill and John Cartland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th April 1877.
JOSEPH UNDERHILL, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brass Founder, and JOHN CARTLAND, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST METALLIC BUTT HINGES."
Our Invention consists in manufacturing cast metallic butt hinges by the process
or combination of processes herein-after described.
Our Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of cast metallic butt
hinges of brass or the annealed cast iron commonly called malleable iron, but is
also applicable to the manufacture of cast metallic butt hinges of other metals and
metallic alloys.
In making the said hinges according to our Invention we cast plates or blanks
of a length equal to the length of the hinge to be made, and of a width equal to
the combined width of the two flaps and the metal of which the joints are to be
made. The said cast plates or blanks are flat on one side, and either flat on the
other side or slightly tapered to both edges. Or the side of the casting which is to
be made into the inner or opposed face of the flaps may have a depression cast in
its middle extending its whole length and reducing the metal at that part to about
one half of the thickness of the metal on either side of it. The flaps of the hinge
are made from the thick outer portions of the casting, and the barrel parts of the
hinge from the middle portion of the casting.
The required countersunk holes are cast in the portions from which the flaps are
to be made.
When no depression is made in the middle portion of the casting by the casting
process the depression described is made by planing or by otherwise cutting away
the metal.
Both sides and the edges of the casting are dressed by machine or hand filing,
and the countersunk holes are dressed in the usual way. By means of a press or
stamp the casting is cut into two portions, the thin middle part being divided by a
series of cuts or divisions having the figure of the parts from which the knuckles
are made. The said parts are then operated upon by an ordinary turning up
machine, whereby the thin parts from which the knuckles of the hinge are to be
made are turned up into a trough shape. The turned up parts are interlocked, and
the pin forming the axis of the hinge is placed in the turned up interlocked parts.
The trough-shaped knuckles are then closed upon the pin or axis by means of a
press or stamp. The joint may when desirable be dressed by hand filing.
We will now describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner
in which our Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents a plan of upper side at a, cross section at b, edge view at c,
and plan of under side at d, a cast blank or plate from which we manufacture the
two flaps and the ears or knuckle parts of a butt hinge. The said cast blank is flat

page_text: on its outer side, and has on its inner or opposite face and along its middle a
depression e extending its whole length, as represented. In consequence of the
said depression the metal f at the middle of the blank is about one half the
thickness of the metal on either side of it. From the thin middle part ƒ of the cast
blank the barrel or knuckles of the hinge are made, and from the thick outer parts
9, 9, on either side the part f the flaps of the hinge are made. The required counter-
sunk holes maked h, h, are made by the casting process in the thick or flap parts
g. 9, of the blank. We take the cast blank or plate, Figure 1, and dress both sides of
it and its edges by machine or hand filing, and also dress the countersunk
holes h, h, and by means of cutting tools worked in a stamp or press we divide the
said blank at the dotted lines indicated in the plan a, Figure 1, into the two flap
blanks represented in plan and edge view in Figure 2, that is to say, we divide
the thin middle part of the blank by a series of cuts or divisions having the
figure of the parts from which the knuckles are made, so as thereby to produce the
two blanks of the hinge, each blank consisting of a flap g, having along its inner
edge the ears or knuckle parts i, i, the said knuckle parts being of about half the
thickness of the flap parts g, g, as seen in the edge view of Figure 2.
By means of a series of processes effected in an ordinary turning up machine the
ends of the knuckle parts i, i, are first slightly bent at their extreme ends, as shown
in plan and edge view in Figure 3, and afterwards bent into the nearly tubular form
represented in Figure 4, which Figure 4 represents the two nearly completed flaps
and knuckles of the hinge, the flaps being marked g and the knuckles i. The
knuckle parts i, i, of the two flaps g, g, having been interlocked or engaged
together the joint pin or axis of the hinge is passed through the interlocked
knuckles of the two flaps The knuckles i, i, are finally subjected to the action
of a pair of closing dies worked in a press or stamp, by which they are closed upon
the joint pin or axis, and a cylindrical figure given to the knuckles, as represented
in the finished hinge shown in plan and edge view in Figure 5. By the last
described closing process the open ends of the knuckles i, i, are closed against the
shoulders 1, l, running along the inner horizontal edges of the flaps, as best seen in
the edge view of Figure 5. By means of the shoulders 1, 1, great support is given
to the free ends of the knuckles, and the said knuckles are much strengthened. In
the finished hinge, Figure 5, the flaps are marked g, g, the knuckles i, i, and the
joint pin k.
Instead of making the hinge by taking the cast blank or plate, Figure 1, and
cutting the flap blanks, Figure 2, therefrom, as described, the said flap blanks,
Figure 2, may be formed by the casting process, and the said cast flap blanks be
afterwards made into a hinge in the manner herein-before described and illustrated
in the Drawing.
Instead of casting the blank or plate with the depression e in its middle, as
illustrated in Figure 1, the blank or plate may be cast without the middle depres-
sion, as illustrated in plan of upper side and cross section in Figure 6; and the
middle depression be afterwards made in the cast plate by planing or otherwise
cutting away the metal at the middle thereof, as illustrated in Figure 7. The
blank or plate, Figure 7, is operated upon for the manufacture of a hinge in the
manner herein-before described with respect to. a blank made at one operation by
the casting process.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our Inven-
tion, the improvements in the manufacture of cast metallic butt hinges herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the
said butt hinges from a cast blank or plate of the kind represented in Figure 1, or
from cast flap blanks of the kind represented in Figure 2, and operating upon the
said blank or plate or flap blanks, so as to form therefrom the two flaps and
knuckles of a hinge and completing the hinge, substantially as described and
illustrated; or making the said hinges by taking a cast blank or plate of the kind
represented in Figure 6, and afterwards planing or otherwise cutting a middle

page_text: depression in the said plate or blank, Figure 6, and operating upon it in the manner
herein-before described with respect to the plate or blank, Figure 1.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Underhill and John Cartland, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
JOSEPH UNDERHILL.
JOHN CARTLAND.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)