Improvements in the Method of Heating and Circulating the Water of Baths.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 26th July, 1892-Accepted, 15th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Heating and Circulating the Water
of Baths.
I WILLIAM CLEMENT WILLIAMS of 13 Akeds Road, Halifax in the County
of York, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is to greatly facilitate the rapid heating and
circulation of water in baths.
I employ a series of circulating tubes, having inlets and outlets placed at
intervals, around the sides and ends of the bath, within the walls, or within the
bath, into each of these tubes are placed high pressure or other steam pipes, having
each separate valves. Each steam pipe passes down and towards the outlet of the
circulating pipes, or, either the inlet or outlet of the circulating pipes may pass
outwards under the bottom of the bath towards the centre.
A channel is formed around the bath for the reception of the main steam pipes.
The action is as follows: the steam is injected through the outlet of the
circulating tube, and draws in through the inlet of such tube, the water from the
bath, and blows such water out in a heated state into the bath, causing a series of
circulating whirlpools, so that the temperature is even throughout the bath. The
circulating tubes may be under the bottom of the bath.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of October 1891.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Heating and Oirculating the Water
of Baths.
I, WILLIAM CLEMENT WILLIAMS of 13 Akeds Road, Halifax in the County
of York Architect do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to greatly facilitate the rapid heating and
circulation of water in swimming and other baths.
I employ a series of circulating tubes having inlets and outlets placed at intervals
around the sides and end of the bath within the walls or within the bath. In each
of these tubes is placed a high pressure or other steam pipe or valve. Each steam
pipe passes down and towards the outlet of the circulating tube, or either the inlet
or outlet of the circulating tubes may pass outwards under the bottom of the bath
towards the centre.
A channel is formed around the bath for the reception of the main steam pipes.
Such being the nature and object of my said invention the following is a complete
description of the same reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming
a part of this Specification in which the same parts are marked with like letters or
figures of reference.
Fig. 1 is a plan of bath illustrating an arrangement of circulating pipes and
valves according to this my invention the intake and discharge and circulation of
the water occasioned thereby being indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section of a portion of the side, or end wall of the

page_text: bath the inlet or suction entrance to pipe being in a higher level than outlet or
discharge orifice.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of one circulator in-situ and its connections and
surroundings drawn to enlarged scale.
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a cross section of wall of bath and causeway shewing the several pipes
as arranged in relation to the bath.
Fig. 6 is a plan of the upper part of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is an elevation of part of wall of bath and inlet and discharge pipes when
the circulator is on one level.
At 1-1 are the circulating tubes, 2 is the inlet of cold water, 3 the discharge
end of hot or heated water. Within the vertical expansion pipe or part of the
tube 1 is a steam pipe 4 the steam supply pipe of which is numbered 5-6 is the
steam controlling valve the steam supply pipe 5 is as shewn by the dotted lines
on plan (Fig. 1) carried around the bath and under the causeway of the bath or
under the floor of the dressing boxes so that the latter are kept warm and dry the
steam pipe being covered by an open grating or the steam pipe may be carried
under the seats in the dressing boxes as shewn on the top side of Fig. 1 pipe 5
supplies the whole series of circulating tubes said pipes 5 being preferably laid in
a trench 7 and over each valve 6 is a door or removeable cover 8 affording
convenient access to said valves 6.
The lower end of the steam pipe 4 is as shewn curved and the outlet is to be in
the direction of the flow desired so that by giving the steam pipe 4 half a turn its
discharge end will be reversed and the intake and outlet and circulation of water
may thus be readily reversed (see Fig. 3).
When the supply of steam is turned on the steam column issues from the pipe 4
and rushing into the circulator 1 drives the water in the front of it into the bath
the steam is condensed and the water in the bath absorbs the heat. The principal
of gravitation pressure simultaneously acts at the back or cold end of the circulator 1
the head pressure exerted by the water in the bath causes the water to rush forward
into the circulator to be again driven out on being acted upon by the steam column.
The inlet into the circulator being at or near the bottom of bath the head pressure
of the water therein is thereby secured as a propelling force in addition to the pull
of the steam. On referring to Fig. 5 the letters A and B will be seen on the left
hand side of diagram A represents the water level of bath, the water in the expansion
pipe being at the same level previous to the steam being turned on through the
circulator. The line B underneath denotes the level to which the water in the
expansion pipe is sucked down below the bath surface, after steam has been turned
The water being drawn down the expansion tube, the upper end of which is
open no vacuum is formed by the head of steam consequently the "cracking" or
noise made when heating the water as heretofore is obviated.
on.
The circulating pipes may be of iron or earthenware, and the disposition and
diameter of such pipes will be regulated according to circumstances, regard being
had to the size and shape of the bath and to the incline of its bottom as at the
shallow end of the bath the water cools much more rapidly than at its deeper end.
When applying my improvements to existing baths, half or quarter round
circulating pipes 1 may be employed as at 10 in Figure 1 and these are placed in
the angle formed by the side or end and bottom of said baths, the vertical pipes
passing down the end or side or side and end and inside the bath so that the
masonry need not be removed. The inlet and outlet ends of the circulator are
curved towards the centre of the bath.
The delivery end of the circulating tubes, may be in some cases, such as in baths
of considerable width, be carried a distance from the sides of the bath, under the
flooring (as shewn by Figure 1 in dotted lines) the outlet of the pipe being covered
by a perforated plate or wire netting flush with the floor of the bath. The upper
end of the expansion pipe may by a pipe 11 (see Figure 5) be connected with the
bath at the water level so that when the steam. supply is turned on the top of the

page_text: water in the bath is drawn off or skimmed along with any grease or floating
impurities which are expelled at the bottom of the bath and the water presents a
cleaner appearance.
Having now fully described the nature and object of my said invention
together with the manner in which the same is to be, or may be performed or
carried into practical effect-I would have it understood that I claim :-
1. The water containing and circulating tubes 1-1 having an internal steam
pipe, the blast of steam causing or inducing circulation and flow of water and at
the same time heating the water as described herein and illustrated by drawing.
Dated this 25th day of July 1892.
WILLIAM CLEMENT WILLIAMS,
By his Agent, Walter Brierley,
Penny Bank Chambers, Halifax.