matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKS AND STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING EFFERVESSING DRINKS, AND IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cochrane at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1879.
HENRY COCHRANE, trading under the style and title of Cantrell and Cochrane,
of Dublin and Belfast, Ireland, Aërated and Mineral Water Manufacturers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKS AND STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING EFFERVESSING
DRINKS, AND IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING SAME."
My said Invention has for its object the construction and application of stoppers
to bottles in a convenient, simple, and effectual manner.
To this end I employ a cork of the required size, having a passage or water way
through its centre, in which is provided a shoulder or sent, by preference nearest
the external end when the cork is inserted in the mouth of the bottle, and into this
passage or waterway I introduce a lining or tube of glass, china, block tin, or other
suitable material, so that the same will, in one case, extend as far as the shoulder
or seat, the latter being left exposed to receive a glass, china, or other suitable
stopper previously placed in the neck of the bottle, and which passes freely through
said lining or tube and presses against the said shoulder or seat when the bottle is
charged, and thereby hermetically closes the aperture till such time as it may be
ejected therefrom to allow of the contents being drawn off. The cork may be
secured in a bottle provided with an internal shoulder or rim close to the mouth by
being driven in clear of the shoulder or rim, and on the withdrawal of the rammer
being allowed to expand and cover the face of the shoulder or rim, thereby securing
it against expulsion by the pressure of the gas.
In the case of employing rubber and cork combined I either insert between the
shoulder or seat on the cork and the lining above described a rubber washer or
ring, or I line the passage or water way throughout, and face said lining with
rubber or other suitable material, against which a stopper or ball is caused to
act.
In the case of using an ordinary bottle the hereindescribed cork may be secured
by tying or otherwise.
In the case of a bottle specially provided with an internal rim or shoulder I
prefer to employ coloured stoppers or balls for the purpose of identifying these
particular bottles

page_text: As another means of securing the cork in bottles provided with an internal
shoulder or rim I may employ an expanding clip or fastener on the side of the cork
at the upper end, said clip expanding after having passed the said shoulder or
rim; or I may insert a disc made in parts between the cork and said shoulder to
act as an obstruction to the cork being driven out. In the latter case the opening 5
or shoulder is modified to admit of the disc being placed in position.
AN IMPROVED BOTTLE WASHING AND RINSING MACHINE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Laing at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1879.
WILLIAM LAING, of Monkwearmouth, in the County of Durham, Licensed
Victualler. "AN IMPROVED BOTTLE WASHING AND RINSING MACHINE."
My Invention has for its object the cleansing of bottles both inside and outside;
and is particularly adapted for washing and rinsing the patent stoppered bottles
now generally used in the sale of ginger-beer, lemonade, soda water, and other
mineral waters. It may be thus briefly described:-In a suitable trough filled or
partly filled with water, a bottle holder containing a number of bottles to be
cleansed is suspended by a horizontal axle, to which it is keyed or otherwise
fastened. This axle is supported in bearings, and at one end thereof a winch
handle is secured; consequently when this handle is turned by the attendant the
bottle holder, with the bottles therein, revolves partly in and partly out of the
water in the before mentioned trough; and as the bottles are placed in the holder
with their mouths all pointing towards the said horizontal axle, it must follow that
as the bottle-holder travels round, the bottles therein must at frequent intervals
empty and refill themselves, and their outer surfaces enter and emerge from the
water contained in the before mentioned trough, and thus become washed and
rinsed.
The said bottle-holder consists of an open cylindrical frame-work or chambers, or
receptacles radiating round about the aforesaid axle for the reception of the bottles
that are to be cleansed and rinsed. A number of pins or wires, corresponding to
the number and position of the bottles the machine is intended to hold, radiate
from the axle and enter the mouths of the bottles as they are placed in the machine.
These pins or wires are for the purpose of preventing the patent stopper-in the case
of the patent stoppered bottles or broken corks where corks have been left in by
omission falling into the mouths of the bottles, and thereby obstruct the discharge
of the water therein.
The bottles are retained in their places by a strip of wood held against the
bottoms of the bottles by an elustic spring attached to the external frame of the
bottle holder.
A MEDICATED COMPOUND OR SOAP FOR PREVENTION, RELIEF, AND CURE OF VAGINAL OR UTERINE COMPLAINTS, Diseases, or DISORDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bunting Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1879.
JOHN BUNTING LEE, of Hexham, in the County of Northumberland, Gentleman.
"A MEDICATED COMPOUND OR SOAP FOR PREVENTION, RELIEF, AND CURE OF
VAGINAL OR UTERINE COMPLAINTS, Diseases, or DISORDERS."
The object of my Invention is to afford an expeditious, efficient, and safe method
of applying locally without the dangerous and objectionable use of syringes, lotions
or similar appliances, the remedy required to prevent alleviate or cure any vaginal
uterine complaint, disease, or disorder.
To this end I manufacture a medicated soap of a size and form suitable for the
purpose intended.
During the process of manufacture, the remedy proper to the disease to be treated
is intimately incorporated with the saponaceous mass which is afterwards moulded
to the desired shape in the usual manner. A piece of tape or ribbon is secured
to the interior of each tablet or shape, and extends some few inches beyond one
of the ends of the "medicated uterine soap," this is for the purpose of withdrawing
the tablet after it has been locally applied to the parts under treatment.
I employ in the manufacture of my Invention any medicament or other ingredient
that can or may be used in this form and for the above named purpose, for
instance, tannin, glycerine, gallic acid, alum, bismuth, borax, sulphate of zinc,
acetate of lead, and almond oil.
MOULDING MACHINES FOR METAL CASTINGS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879.
CHARLES HENRY TAYLOR, of Leeds, in the County of York.
MOULDING MACHINES FOR METAL CASTINGS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My improvements have reference to the means employed for preparing moulds
in sand for casting purposes, whereby a great saving of time and labour is obtained.
Within suitable standards or framework I mount and fix a horizontal plate, and
below this in suitable bearings I provide a rammer or plunger of a similar con-
struction to the bottom plunger on a brick machine. A vertical adjustable motion
may be imparted to the rammer or plunger by a cam, crank, or their equivalents
actuated by some suitable motor. Between the herein before mentioned horizontal
plate and plunger or rammer I pass a round table on which are mounted the
imoulding boxes, and within the table is provided a model or pattern to form the
desired mould. In the first place the pattern or mould forms the bottom of the
box, and in this manner it is passed under a hopper, when simultaneously with
the passing under of the box a sliding door is opened at the bottom of the hopper
to allow sand to pass therefrom into each moulding box, which after being filled
is brought between the horizontal plate and the vertical rammer or plunger;
when in this position an upward movement is given to the rammer or plunger
which lifts the patterns or models up into the sand, at the same time by the
assistance of the horizontal plate imparts sufficient pressure to solidify the sand
into which the pattern or model is impressed ready to receive the metal. This
being done the box is passed from between the horizontal plate and plunger or
rammer, taken off the table and ready for use. Each box in its turn may undergo
a similar process both as regards the filling and the pressing operations. The table
on which the moulding boxes are carried may be moved either by the attendant, or
from some suitable motive power provided with a suitable stop motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING AND CLEANSING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Kempe, of Leeds, in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING AND CLEANSING
WOOLLEN, WORSTED, OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Kempe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1879.
EDWARD KEMPE, of Leeds, in the County of York. “IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WASHING AND CLEANSING WOOLLEN, WORSTED, OR OTHER
WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS."
The object of this machinery is to wash and cleanse fabrics without creasing the
same, and for this purpose I. pass the material perfectly straight between the
pressing rollers mounted on suitable framework; the upper roller is made adjust-
able in its bearings and the desired pressure is imparted thereto by means of
weights, springs, or their equivalents.
Between the framework is provided a tank which is filled with the liquid
employed for washing and cleansing, and within it are mounted two or more
rotating brushes or scrubbers. The fabric is passed into the liquid and between
the brushes which are caused to revolve, the object of these brushes is to disturb
the grease on each side of the fabric whilst passing through the liquid, rendering
it thereby more easily expressed whilst passing between the pressing rollers.
The material is passed through this operation as often as requisite, and is conducted
round by suitable guide rollers assisted by a roller or plain scray of ordinary
construction. The pressing rollers are by preference covered with india rubber or
other elastic substance, or in some instances metal rollers or wood alone may be
employed. In some cases I provide when preferred an additional tank under the
hereinbefore mentioned tank, this is filled with water through which the fabric is
passed for softening purposes previous to entering the upper tank.

page_text: fabric, causing it to be more easily expressed whilst passing between the pressing
rollers m and n.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and described by the aid
of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it under-
stood that I do not limit myself to the precise details or configuration of the parts
I have described and illustrated on the accompanying Drawings, but what I do
claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent is,-
First. The general combination, construction, and arrangement of machinery
or apparatus for washing and cleansing woollen, worsted, and other woven or felted
fabrics, substantially as herein set forth.
Second. The application of the pressing rollers m and n covered with india rubber
or other elastic medium, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth..
9
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Kempe, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtyfirst day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
EDWARD KEMPE. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE WITHDRAWING AND MIXING OF FERMENTED LIQUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Willder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1879.
RICHARD JAMES WILLDER, of Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, Licensed
Victualler. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING
THE WITHDRAWING AND MIXING OF FERMENTED LIQUIDS."
The object of the said Invention is to provide apparatus or appliances which
shall facilitate the withdrawal of fermented liquids from their containing vessels
such as casks, and allow of the rapid supply of the said liquids to the engines or
pumps employed, and at the same time reduce the strain on the said engines or
pumps secure that the liquids shall remain clear during withdrawal, and diminish
waste in pipes connecting the containing vessels and engines or pumps. The
said apparatus or appliances are also adapted to facilitate the mixing of the
said fermented liquids in any desired proportion from any required number of
containing vessels placed at the same or varying levels.
The said Invention consists in connecting by means of pipes an engine or pump
or engines or pumps, and a containing vessel or vessels to an intermediate
receptacle or regulator, when the said receptacle or regulator is provided with a
self acting valve opening from the atmosphere. The self acting valve allows of
the fermented liquids flowing into the said receptacle or regulator until it is filled,
and the said valve further allows of air entering into the said receptacle or regu-
lator when the liquids are being drawn away by the engine or pump, engines or
pumps, with greater rapidity than they can flow from the containing vessel or
vessels into such receptacle or regulator. When it is desired to withdraw the
fermented liquids from several containing vessels in unequal quantities or from
containing vessels placed at different levels, self acting valves are employed to
prevent the liquid Howing from the receptacle or regulator to the containing vessels.
An opening or openings is or are provided, whereby any liquid which would
otherwise be wasted may be caused to flow into the receptacle or regulator.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, No. 2344, A.D. 1879.
Lines 2-4, for
"A communication from abroad by Alphonse Pollet, Achille Pollet, and Samuel
Pegler, all of Tourcoing, in the Department of Nord, in the Republic of France"
read

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1879. A communication
from abroad by Alphonse Pollet, Achille Pollet, and Samuel Pegler, all of
Tourcoing, in the Department of Nord, in the Republic of France.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES." [A communication from
abroad by Heinrich Aronsohn and Johann Kreyezik, junior, both of Vienna, in the
Austrian Empire.]
According to the present Invention reaping and mowing machines are con-
structed with a rapidly revolving horizontal disc, having at its periphery a number
of cutter blades which in passing rapidly against the standing corn or grass effec-
tually cut the same. The disc is curved at top by a second disc of wood of such a
diameter that only the extreme ends of the cutter blades can act upon the corn,
which falls upon the wood disc, and is carried round upon the same to an upright
shield extending from the centre to the periphery, by means of which the corn is
delivered continuously on to the ground; by providing the said shield with holders
that will retain a certain quantity of the corn, and which are from time to time
upset by the attendant, the machine may be made to deliver the corn in heaps.
The vertical axis of the cutter disc is carried by a framing running on road wheels,
and has fixed upon it a toothed pinion in gear with a toothed wheel to which
rotary motion is imparted by means of a crank pin and connecting rod from a lever
which in the case of a machine propelled by manual power is worked to and fro by
the hands of the operator while he propels the machine by pressing against a band
attached to the handles of the framing which also carry a belt that is passed over
the shoulders of the operator so as to support the cutter disc at a certain height
from the ground.
When the machine is propelled by horse power the rotary motion is imparted to
the cutter disc from the axle of the road wheels by means of toothed gearing which
rotates a crank plate connected by a rod to the before mentioned rocking lever
actuating the disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE CAMP KETTLES, PROVISION, AND WATER CANS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1879.
WILLIAM HARRINGTON, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, Armourer
Sergeant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE CAMP KETTLES, PROVISION, AND WATER
CANS."
This Invention consists in an arrangement of cans or tins, fitting one within the
other, and forming receptacles for carrying food and fluids when on the inarch, and
for cooking also when required. In the cooking kettles the cans are so formed that
they will rest one within the other, leaving spaces between the bottoms for the food
when packed, each can being fitted with a fint flanged cover, which can be used as
a plate when detached. The water can is furnished with a tube passing through
the upper can and the top cover of the apparatus, and fitted with a small cap, and
upon the top of the apparatus is fitted a drinking cup turned over when not in use.
Thus, by detaching this cup and the cap of the water can tube a man can drink
without disturbing the general apparatus. With the cooking apparatus a fire plate
is provided, pierced with apertures to receive the cooking kettles and keep then
suspended in the fire, and all parts of the apparatus when packed for the march are
kept together by suitable clips, and may be carried by a hand strap, or slung by a
shoulder strap. A leather jacket is provided to encase the whole, and this may be
secured round the cans by eyelets and laces; this jacket being made of stout leather
may also be found useful as a splint in case of a fractured limb.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATE FASTENINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1879.
JACOB BROWN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Leather Goods Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATE FASTENINGS."
The object of this Invention is the construction of a new or improved device for
securing the skate to the heel of the boot, which shall be simple and effective in
operation, and capable of being readily applied to existing skates.
My improvements consist in the employment of a pair of levers centered on pins
(in a suitable box fixing secured to the heel of the skate).
The outer ends of these levers are turned upwards, and are each provided with
a triangular or other shaped claw, these claws being adjustable to suit various
sizes of boot heels.
A spring band connects the outer ends of the levers together, passing round the
back of the heel of the boot, and which spring band gives the levers a tendency to
assume their open position.
In using this my improved "heel bite" the heel of the boot is placed between
the claws herein before mentioned, resting against the spring band, and by giving
the skate or the boot a partially rotary movement on the heel the "heel bites
advance towards each other, and thus firmly grip the heel of the boot.
I apply a spring latch in connection with this fastening, so that as the skate
comes under the boot in the act of tightening the heel bites, such latch prevents
the skate returning (except at the will of the operator), whilst the front of the skate
is fastened to the boot.
The front of the skate may be secured by my improved skate strap and buckles,
for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the Sixteenth day of December
1876, Number 4868, or in any other convenient manner.
MANENT WAY FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1879. (A communication
from abroad by Robert William Thompson, Assistant Engineer, South Indian
Railway, Trichinopoly, India.)
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
"AN IMPROVED PER-
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents.
MANENT WAY FOR RAILWAYS." (A communication from abroad by Robert William
Thompson, Assistant Engineer, South Indian Railway, Trichinopoly, India.)
The distinguishing feature of this Invention is that the foot of the rail is so spread
out as to form the sleeper, the rail being thus a combined rail and sleeper. The
iron ties, to
rails are held to gauge at the joints by T iron, and at the centre by
which they are bolted down. A wedge shaped wooden cushion is inserted between
the rail and the ties, thus giving the necessary cant.
The rails are fished together, the fish bolts and nuts and the holding down or tie
bolts and nuts being alike.
At the centre of every iron tie is rivetted an anchor plate to prevent the line
from shifting laterally.
The gauge is eased to suit easy or sharp curves by the contrivance of having a
shoulder under the head of each holding down bolt on one side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PICKING MOTION IN LOOMS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Northend, John Edward Taylor,
and Jonathan Cullen and Timothy Sutcliffe, at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents on the 8th November 1879.
JESSE NORTHEND, JOHN
Bradford, in the County of
Bradford, aforesaid, Designer.
FOR WEAVING."
EDWARD TAYLOR, and JONATHAN CULLEN, all of
York, Manufacturers, and TIMOTHY SUTCLIFFE, of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PICKING MOTION IN LOOMS
"
The object of our Invention is to dispense with the apparatus now fitted to
looms, and used for the purpose of regulating and moving the picking tappets to
and from the picking cone shafts, and to so arrange the picking tappets that we are
enabled to weave single picks of any colour of yarn, and impart as positive a
motion to the picking sticks as is obtained in a plain loom.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-On to the tappet shaft we
secure in suitable positions at each end of the loom a tappet, so arranged that the
samo has two swells or projections radiating from the centre, and opposite to each
other; these tappets are keyed on to the tappet shaft in such a manner that the
swells or projections on one tappet are exactly in line with the projections on the
other tappet, and on the shaft and tappets revolving the projections at each end of
the loom strike the picking cones, and actuate the picking sticks at the same time,
and not alternately, as when the ordinary apparatus is used.
Our improvement can be applied to the ordinary single box loom weaving with
one shuttle, and to looms with oscillating circular or drop boxes weaving with two
or more shuttles; by its application the working parts actuating the picking sticks
are considerably reduced, simplified, and more direct in action; the loom is less
liable to get out of order, and the power required to drive the loom is much
less than when fitted with the ordinary single pick and pick motion hitherto
in use.
IMPROVEMENT IN STOVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Townsend at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1879.
EDWARD TOWNSEND, of Oldbury, in the County of Worcester.
IMPROVEMENT IN STOVES."
"AN
This Invention is to enable the dust from the fire of stoves to pass away up the
flue, instead of having to pass through the fire or being scattered about the hearth.
when the fire is stirred up or otherwise disturbed, and it consists of forming a casing
or flue around the stove above the fire bars. This casing or flue is open at the
bottom, and connected with the stove flue at the top, and may be supplied with
dampers to regulate the draft. This casing may be made to slide up and down over
the stove, so as to make the stove an open or closed one as required. For stoves
having the fire exposed to view at the front alone, this flue is constructed above the
fire bars at the front, but carried down to the level of the underside of the fire at
the back and sides.
.AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRACES FOR TROUSERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Harvie, of the Firm of Bosville, Mills, and
Company, of Nichol Square, in the City of London, for the Invention of ".AN
IMPROVEMENT IN BRACES FOR TROUSERS."
Sealed the 8th July 1879, and dated the 22nd January 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Harvie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
WILLIAM HARVIE, of the Firm of Bosville, Mills, and Company, of Nichol
Square, in the City of London. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRACES FOR TROUSERS."
My Invention relates to an improvement in braces or suspenders for trousers,
whereby they are rendered more comfortable, convenient, and durable in wear.
Hitherto elastic braces have usually been simply crossed at back without being
connected together, or the two elastic webs have been sewn to a common leather
A shaped piece, and in consequence of the unequal strain on the sewing the
braces have been very liable to give way at this point after comparatively little
use.
According to my Invention the braces are completed separately like braces
intended to be simply crossed without being connected, that is to say, each elastic
web has its own leather back tab attached directly to it, and the two back tabs are
then pivoted together so as to bo permanently crossed and connected, and yet bo
free to adjust themselves to the distance of the buttons apart. The two tabs are
pivoted the one upon the other, preferably by means of a capped eyelet and metal
washers at front and back to prevent the tabs wearing and working off the pivot.
To prevent injury to the other garments it is preferred that the eyelet should be
similarly capped both at front and back.

page_text: WILLIAM HARVIE. (L.S.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FLUID METERS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Hutter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1879.
HEINRICH HUTTER, of Graz, in the Empire of Austria, Gentleman. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FLUID METERS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND PUMPS."
My Invention relates to apparatus intended for use as a fluid meter for ascertaining
the flow of any fluid through a conduit, but which is also applicable (by dispensing
with certain of the parts) as a motive power engine or as a pump.
In carrying out my Invention, as applied for example to the construction of fluid
meters, I employ a measuring cylinder of an internal form approximating to that
of an ellipse, the same being composed of four arcs of circles and two uniting curves.
In this cylinder is mounted a drum which is free to revolve on axes passing through
stuffing boxes in the cylinder, and is perforated for the passage of a piston so arranged
that as the drum revolves under the action of the entering fluid pressing upon the
piston the latter will be caused to partially slide through the drum to the extent
required by the internal configuration of the cylinder. The drum by revolving in
contact with a portion of the internal surface or bore of the cylinder separates the inlet
port from the outlet port, and the piston is constantly in contact at its two extremities
respectively with the opposite sides of the bore of the cylinder, elastic prolongations
being provided at the ends of the piston which are simply employed for the purpose
of compensating for any accidental irregularity in the curve arising from defective
workmanship. Side channels are formed in the internal surface of the cylinder for
the purpose of obviating the injurious compression of the water or other fluid which
would otherwise result when the piston leaves the horizontal position and diminishes
the space above.
Two pistons may be employed crossing each other if desired.
The mechanism of the counter has an intermittent motion imparted to it by means
of a tappet connected to the revolving drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BASKETS AND BASKET MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Richard Leigh and Joshua Leigh at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1879.
RICHARD LEIGH and JOSHUA LEIGH, both of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Iron Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BASKETS AND BASKET MATERIALS."
Our Invention has for its object the production of baskets, such as mill skips,
coal skips, potato hampers, carboy hampers, or any other kind of basket such are
mostly made of wicker-work at present, and we produce them in such a manner
that they may be capable of withstanding a greater amount of wear and tear than
has hitherto been the case. For this purpose we substitute iron or steel, either
entirely, or we combine these materials with those now in use, that is to say, willows
or osiers, cane, hazel, strips of wood, or boards. The iron or steel may be in any
convenient form, and we use them as hoops, plain, curved, or corrugated bars, angles,
vees, tees, tubular or semitubular, also old or new wire rope, and hoops from bales,
commonly known as balehoops, and also cast iron. These materials may be used
either plain, painted, or galvanized before or after they are made up into the desired
articles, and we also prefer to mineralize all woodwork used in combination with
the metal by some known mineralizing liquid or process. The materials may be
interlaced as in wickerwork, but we unite them chiefly by riveting, bending, and
welding, also by nailing if timber enters into the combination. The stiffer or
heavier sections of metals enumerated we employ for bottom and top hoops, and
some of them for uprights, the more flexible sections for interlacing. The handles
we form of hoop iron wrapped with wickerwork, or of wire rope, or of iron with
wooden bobbins, or of cast iron. The wickerwork and flexible wood strips used in
combination with metal are chiefly employed for interlacing, and stiffer wood strips
for uprights or bottoms; the latter may also be made of boards. Sometimes we
make a light iron casing to enclose an ordinary carboy hamper.
MENTS IN STEREOTYPERS' PLATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1879.
WILLIAM WARD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Stereotyper.
MENTS IN STEREOTYPERS' PLATES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to the plates used in stereotyping, and the object of the
Invention is to dispense with the "dressing and cutting" of such plates.
"
Plates for purposes aforesaid as heretofore when cast had "burrs" formed around
their outer edges which had to be cut away, or dressed by hand tools, also the "gat"
on the top edge of the plate has to be cut away.
To prevent the forming of burrs on the outer edges I cut or form grooves around
the inner edges of the "chasers "so as to allow the moulds to sink below the level of
the type, so preventing the metal from forming burrs around the edge of the
plate. To dispense with the labor of cutting away the "gat" a projection is formed on
the mould so as to weaken the plate, that the "gat" can be easily broken away with-
out the aid of cutting tools and labor heretofore necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1879.
JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HORSE SHOES."
My Invention relates to improvements in horse shoes, and it consists chiefly in
making the shoe of leather, by preference that of the sea horse (or walrus) and the
hippopotamus, such leather being compressed by hammering or other suitable means
both before and after the shoe is formed.
I either cause the leather to absorb or otherwise I coat it with a solution of gutta
percha or equivalent material to protect it from the softening action of water.
"
By making horse shoes of the ordinary type according to my Invention from
seahorse or other suitable tanned leather, either by "building up or otherwise, the
following advantages are obtained, viz. -The shoes are only about one third the
weight of iron shoes; they are not so liable to slip, the leather wearing with a
rough surface; they act as a cushion to the foot, giving great ease and affording
relief to horses subject to corns, and there is less liability to "pricking" when being
shod.
PROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Furstenhagen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1879. A communication
from abroad by Louis Siemens, of the Firm Gebrüder, Siemens, & Co.,
Electric Engineers, of Charlottenburg, in Germany.
"IM-
ISIDOR FURSTENHAGEN, Agent, of Bradford, in the County of York.
PROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY." [A communication from abroad by
Louis Siemens, of the Firm Gebrüder, Siemens, & Co., Electric Engineers, of
Charlottenburg, in Germany.]
The object of this Invention is to produce by means of a carbon connected with
the conductor of an electric current a quiet and steady burning electric light of
extreme intensity, in conjunction not only with strong, but also with weak currents
such as it has hitherto been impossible to utilize for illuminating purposes.
In order to effect this object a round or prismatic carbon tube is employed
through which is placed a wick, made by preference of glass or any other suitable
vitreous substance, or indeed of one or several materials capable of evaporating in
the generated high temperature which in consequence of their evaporation cause
the flame-arc to become a good conductor of electricity, and to be so highly developed
as to allow the intensely illuminating points of the two respective pieces of carbon,
even when the currents are comparatively weak, to be placed at such a distance
from each other, that whilst fully maintaining their illuminative power the occurrence
of any jumping or flickering is totally obviated.
It is not essential for the wick to be carried exactly through the centre of the
carbon, as it may if desired be placed at the side, or several wicks may be placed in
various parts of the carbon. For the purpose of electric lighting such carbon may
be used in connection either with another of the same description or with an
ordinary carbon.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS AND CORES FOR CASTING IN METALS, AND MACHINERY OR PRESSES THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1879.
GEORGE BROWN, of the Town and County of Northampton, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS AND CORES FOR CASTING IN METALS, AND
MACHINERY OR PRESSES THEREFOR."
This Invention consists in making moulds and cores for casting in metals from
dry sand instead of wet sand as hitherto, and the construction of a press therefor,
whereby all ramming is dispensed with, and the moulds and cores are made
in a much more rapid and economical manner than by the machinery now in
use, and whereby much smoother castings are produced than when wet sand is
employed.
A suitable press for carrying out my Invention is constructed of two side frames
with a fixed top plate, and a bottom plate moving in slots in the side frames, and
operated by a screw or eccentrics. The moulding boxes, whether for the mould or
core or both, are filled with dry sand and placed in the machine, and the bottom
plate being raised the moulds or cores will be pressed into the sand, and the bottom
plate being reversed the boxes are lowered onto a number of rollers which allow of
the boxes being drawn out without injuring the moulds or cores.
It will be understood that in some cases the patterns must be in two parts, say,
for example, in making a mould for a cock or tap, one half the pattern being placed
on the top plate, and the other half on the bottom plate, the cores for such articles
being pressed separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING OR CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wrigley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1879.
SAMUEL WRIGLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING OR CLEANING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
"
This Invention relates to improvements to be applied to the machine known as
the "conical willow," and consists principally in adapting an adjustable "lattice
thereto, so as to be enabled to feed the raw cotton into the machine either at the
extreme narrowest end of the cone, or more or less towards the centre of the same.
The frame carrying the "lattice" is movable or adjustable by means of a screw
or rack, so that when working with dirty cotton it may be fed in at the smallest
end of the cone, so that it traverses the whole length of the machine before it is
discharged at the other end; but when working with a better or cleaner class of
cotton, the lattice is to be moved more or less towards the centre of the length of
the cone or the middle part of the machine, so that the cotton passes over a smaller
length of surface before delivery, as the cleaner cotton does not require to pass over
so much as very dirty cotton requires.
A modification of this Invention may be made by fixing say three lattices side
by side, and feeding on to the first, second, or third, according to the quality or
cleanliness of the cotton under operation. Or if preferred the lattice may be sub-
divided and guides employed and set at any angle for guiding the cotton to any
part of the machine required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING, STIFFENING, AND STRENGTHENING FRAME AND OTHER WOOD WORK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Ramsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
BENJAMIN RAMSDEN, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING, STIFFENING, AND STRENGTHENING
FRAME AND OTHER WOOD WORK."
My Invention is applicable to frame or other work partially or entirely
composed of wood, and especially in the construction of ladders, and is as hereafter
described.
When employed for ladders I provide a hoop, by preference of malleable cast iron,
and on one side of it are cast any required number of projections or spikes. On to
cach end of the stave is forced one of these spiked hoops, and in attaching the sides the
projecting spikes are forced into them, and by this means all twist in the framework
of the ladder is prevented. In some cases I make the spikes sufficiently long to pass
through the vertical sides of the ladder, and on these being clenched on the outer
side the whole structure or framework is firmly and strongly secured together and
the danger of twisting is avoided.
When bolts are used in framework I make the spikes shorter and only employ
them for preventing the twist.
When preferred instead of the hooped part of the apparatus I make it flat, and
also of malleable cast iron, by preference provided with lateral spikes or projections.
In this case the staves or horizontal bars are recessed, and when in this position
therein the spikes or projections are clenched over and take the place of the hoop.
The end spikes are of the construction herein before described.
By the application of my Invention morticing frame work together is obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PIG-IRON CONTAINING PHOSPHORUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL THEREFROM
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Vaughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1879. A
communication from abroad by Emil Schemmann, of Osnabruck, Prussia, in the
Empire of Germany.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PIG-IRON CONTAINING
PHOSPHORUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL THEREFROM." A communication
from abroad by Emil Schemmann, of Osnabruck, Prussia, in the Empire of Germany.
After treating pig-iron by any of the known processes to eliminate the phosphorus
therefrom, the metal is found not to be in a sufficiently liquid state to produce useful
castings in consequence of the basic materials introduced. If the pig iron contain
a large proportion of phosphorus, the dephosphorising process must be continued
until only 0.150 to 0-200 of phosphorus remains in the metal in order to obtain a
useful product. This is only rendered possible by means of what is technically
termed an "overblow," after which the metal is found to contain a large amount
of oxides of iron, and the removal of which then requires the addition of a
corresponding quantity of spiegel-eisen or ferromanganese, the composition and
quality of the resulting metal consequently varying very much.
These difficulties are avoided by the present Invention by adding to the
dephosphorised metal, after removing the basic slag, a corresponding quantity of
sufficiently heated Bessemer pig-iron, whereby the metal under treatment is again
raised to the necessary degree of heat to cause it to become liquid. As the
Bessemer pig iron contains only traces of phosphorus, the amount of the latter
element will in the resulting product be diminished the silicon and carbon in the
Bessemer pig-iron reducing the oxides which are dissolved in the molten metal.
The heated and liquid metals having been thus mixed can then be treated by
the Bessemer process in the ordinary and well known manner, and mild or other
steel produced. The qualities of the steel can thus be regulated with perfect
accuracy by means of the spectroscope, the color of the slag, and the other methods
employed for such purposes in the manufacture of steel by the Bessemer process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STIRRUPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Patrick Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1879.
ROBERT PATRICK WRIGHT, of Downan Ballantrae, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STIRRUPS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of stirrups in an improved
manner, and so that in the event of a rider being thrown, his feet become very
easily freed, and the danger of being dragged along by means of the stirrup or
stirrups is thereby avoided.
The Invention consists in making the stirrup iron with only one side, the other
side being quite open; the bottom or tread plate is however made with a small
upward bend or projection on the open side to prevent the foot from slipping off
when bearing on the tread plate. The single side of the stirrup is made of sufficient
strength to compensate for the absence of the other side, and the parts are shaped
so as to make the distribution of weight such that the stirrup will of itself hang
with the tread plate level or nearly so.
The slotted part to which the strap is attached may be connected with a swivel
joint to the single side, or it may be formed in the same piece with it, and in the
latter case it is made by preference parallel to the tread plate. When the slotted
part is made at right angles to the tread plate, it may be made to project entirely
in one direction from the single side or more in one direction than in the other.
A FINGER SHIELD OR PROTECTOR TO BE USED WHEN SEWING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martha Fawthrop, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "A FINGER SHIELD OR PROTECTOR TO BE USED
WHEN SEWING."
Sealed the 27th June 1879, and dated the 1st January 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martha Fawthrop at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1879.
MARTHA FAWTHROP, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. "A FINGER
SHIELD OR PROTECTOR TO BE USED WHEN SEWING."
The object of this Invention is to protect the finger from being pricked or cut
when sewing, and consequently prevent the dangers arising therefrom. The
Invention consists in the use and employment of a metal tube slightly tapered, to
be placed on the first finger of the left hand.
The tube may be made from any desirable metal or material, open at both ends
for ventilation, and may be ornamented as required.
By the use of this tube or instrument the finger is protected from being pricked
or cut, as is now the case without the protector herein referred to.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Martha Fawthrop in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st July
1879.
MARTHA FAWTHROP, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. "A FINGER
SHIELD OR PROTECTOR TO BE USED WHEN SEWING."
The object of this Invention is to protect the finger from being pricked or cut
when sewing, and consequently prevent the dangers arising therefrom. The
Invention consists in the use and employment of a metal tube A slightly tapered,
to be placed on the first finger of the left hand, as shown on the Drawings. The
tube may be made from any desirable metal or material, open at both ends for
ventilation, and may be ornamented as required. By the use of this tube or instru-
ment the finger is protected from being pricked or cut, as is now the case without
the protector herein referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martha Fawthrop, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
· M. FAWTHROP. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE BOILERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel James and Thomas James, both of Bedford, in the
County of Bedford, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PORTABLE BOILERS."
Sealed the 20th January 1880, and dated the 24th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel James and Thomas
James at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1879.
SAMUEL JAMES and THOMAS JAMES, both of Bedford, in the County of Bedford,
Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE BOILERS."
The object of the Invention is to obtain a simple, efficient, and economical
portable boiler adapted to domestic and agricultural purposes.
In carrying out our improvements we obtain a cylinder of the desired diameter
and length for the size of boiler required. This cylinder is divided by a horizontal
diaphragm, by preference of copper, which diaphragm then forms the bottom of the
boiler.
The chamber below this diaphragm is in part formed into a fire chamber, the
smoke and heated products from which pass over the sides of this fire chamber
through openings left for the purpose, and thence these products become distributed
over the whole under surface of this diaphragm, to communicate heat to the under-
side of the boiler, and from this lower chamber behind the fire space a chimney rises
through the boiler, and it may be continuous at pleasure to communicate heat
radially to the liquid in the boiler. A damper is applied to this flue to regulate the
draught.
A door is applied to the front of the fire chamber to facilitate admission to such
fire place, and an ash pit may be applied when required.
The upper part of the boiler is formed with a hinge lid or other suitable cover.
If desired, a separate steamer or other suitable vessel to be heated from the
boiler may be applied.

page_text: steamer with a perforated bottom k², which may be used when required; & is a tap
by which the contents of the boiler c may be drawn off when required; m, m, are
feet or legs for the support of the portable boiler.
Having thus described our improved portable boiler, we would have it under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise arrangements of parts as
shown and described, as the same may be varied without departing from the
peculiar character of our Invention; but what we do claim is, the arranging or
combining parts forming a portable boiler, whereby the heat of the fuel employed
is utilized in manner substantially as described..
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel James and Thomas James, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
SAMUEL JAMES. (L.S.)
THOMAS JAMES. (L.S.)