Improvements relating to Writing Telegraphs:
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application; 25th May;. 1894)
Complete Specification Left; 10th July, 1894-Accepted, 11th Aug:, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:
[Communicated from abroad by ELISHA GRAY; of. Highland Park, Lake County,
in the State of Illinois,, United States of. America, Professor of Physics.].
Improvements relating to Writing Telegraphs:
I PHILIP ARTHUR.NEWTON of The Office for Patents,,6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane. in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare. the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to writing telegraphs of that class in which the act of
writing a message at the sending station, operates to reproduce it at the receiving
station.
'
It is found in autotelegraphy; that the mechanism for driving the receiving pen
should be such that the power operating upon it shall be constant, and shall also be
capable of acting with great. quickness, when called into action. It should be
constant, for the reason that the mechanism connected with the receiving, penais of
a very delicate nature: Mores especially is this true of the reversing mechanism,
particularly of that sort which has been found most effective, in which the power is
transmitted to the receiving pen through frictional contact between parts of the
reversing mechanism. It is also important, where the application of the power. to
the receiving pen is regulated step. by step by an escapement or its equivalent, that
the power should be constant, in order that the action of the escapement may be
regular, and that the receiving pen may not at any time be forced beyond proper
restraint of the escapement. Quickness of Jaction is important, in order to secure
rapidity of transmission. If a train of gearing has to be set in motion, upon which
the movement of the receiving pen depends, time is inevitably lost.
It has been found that the most rapid. action is secured by driving the
receiving pen by means of a spring. If, however, an ordinary spring or weight
motor be used, having stored up sufficient power: to last for a reasonable length
of time, its force will not be constant, and it is open to the disadvantage first above
mentioned.
It is the object of the present invention to obtain a means for storing, as near as
practicable to the point of application to the receiving pen, of the force to drive it,
in such a way, that the force shall be practically instantaneous in its action; and
to this end the invention consists in providing a spring between the motor or other
source of power and the receiving pen, which spring shall be put under tension by
the motor, the tension of the spring driving the receiving pen. Thus, the most
prompt action possible is attained.
To provide for the constancy of the force of the spring, a motor or other source
of power which is controlled in its application to the spring by the-tension of the
spring itself, is provided; so that when the spring-reaches the desired degree of
tension, the further action of the motor upon the spring is suspended, until
the tension of the spring falls below the normal amount of tension, when the motor
acts to again increase the same. Thus the force of the spring is maintained
substantially constant.
The spring used 'may be one of the many forms of springs, and the invention is
not limited to any particular form.
It is obvious that the motor or source of power may be of any desired con-
struction or form whatsoever, it being only necessary that it should furnish-the
power needed to place the spring under tension, and that its operating connection

page_text: upon the spring should be controlled by the degree of tension of the spring
itself.
A separate notor may be used for each half of the receiving instrument; or a
single motor may be employed, the power of the motor being divided equally
between the two parts by means of an equalising gear.
It is also proposed to use an improved form of reversing mechanism, in which an
armature of magnetic material is constantly rotated by the shaft of the receiving
instrument, and has adjacent to it two discs connected with the receiving pen, by
means of which discs respectively it will be moved in opposite directions. These
discs are of magnetizable material, and are placed in magnetic relation to the poles
of an electro-magnet which acts as the receiving magnet. On each reversal of
direction of motion of the transmitting pen, the polarity of the current traversing
the coils of this magnet is reversed, and the moving disc is brought into
contact with one or the other of the adjacent discs, so as to move it, and con-
sequently the receiving pen, in a direction corresponding with the polarity of the
current.
It is proposed, however, to use reversing mechanisms of other constructions
in connection with the various features of the improvement. These parts are of
course duplicated for the two sets of receiving instruments.
This invention also embodies an organization of circuits and mechanism by
means of which a telautograph receiving instrument may be operated over three
line wires, instead of over four, as are usually employed. In this organization, a
single wire is employed for reversing both parts of the receiving instrument, the
polarity of the current being changed for one of the reversals, and the strength for
the other.
This invention also embodies an improvement in unison mechanism, this con-
sisting in mechanical connections between the paper shifter and the receiving pen,
whereby the receiving pen is brought to a definite position at each shifting of the
paper.
It will of course be understood that the improvements in the various parts of the
instrument are applicable to a telautograph system operated over four or other
number of wires, as well as to one operated over three wires, and also that the
mechanism may be varied somewhat without departing from other features of the
invention.
The invention also includes a locking magnet electrically controlled from the
transmitting station, whereby, when the transmitter is out of use, the local battery
circuits at the receiving station will be held open.
Dated this 5th dan af Mon 1001
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Writing Telegraphs.
1 PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to writing telegraphs of that class in which the act of
writing a message at the sending station, operates to reproduce it at the receiving
station, forms of which are shown in my prior Patents 11082 of 1888; 17965
of 1891; and 2696 of 1893.
It is found in auto-telegraphy that the mechanism for driving the receiving pen
should be such that the power operating upon it shall be constant, and shall also be

page_text: capable of acting with great quickness when called into action. It should be
constant, for the reason that the mechanism connected with the receiving pen is of
a very delicate nature. More especially is this true of the reversing mechanism;
particularly of that sort which has been found most effective, in which the power
is transmitted to the receiving pen through frictional contact between parts of the
reversing mechanism. It is also important, where the application of the power to
the receiving pen is regulated step by step by an escapement or its equivalent, as
in the mechanism shown, that the power should be constant, in order that the
action of the escapement may be regular, and that the receiving pen may not, at
any time, be forced beyond proper restraint of the escapement. Quickness of
action is important, in order to secure rapidity of transmission. If a train of
gearing has to be set in motion upon which the movement of the receiving pen
depends, time is inevitably lost.
It has been found that the most rapid action is secured by driving the receiving
pen by means of a spring. If, however, an ordinary spring or weight motor be
used, having stored up sufficient power to last for a reasonable length of time, it's
force will not be constant, and it is open to the disadvantage first above
mentioned.
It is the object of the present invention to obtain a means for storing, as near as
practicable to the point of application to the receiving.pen, of the force to drive
it, in such a way that the force shall be practically instantaneous in its action;
and to this end the invention consists in providing a spring between the motor or
other source of power and the receiving pen, which spring shall be put under
tension by the motor, the tension of the spring driving the receiving pen. Thus, the
most prompt action possible is attained. To provide for the constancy of the force
of the spring, a motor or other source of power which is controlled in its application
to the spring by the tension of the spring itself is provided; so that when the spring
reaches the desired degree of tension, the further action of the motor upon the
spring is suspended until the tension of the spring falls below the normal amount
of tension, when the motor acts to again increase the same. Thus, the force of
the spring is maintained substantially constant.
The spring used may be one of the many forms of spring, and the invention is
not limited to any particular form. Two forms of spring have been shown, one
in which the spring is spiral, and mounted upon one side of the rotating shaft, and
is stretched in order to store in it driving force. Another form of spring shown,
and which is preferably used, is also spiral, but is mounted axially with regard to
the shaft, and power is stored in it by torsion.
It is obvious that the motor or source of power may be of any desired
construction or form whatsoever, it being only necessary that it should furnish the
power needed to place the spring under tension, and that its operating connection
upon the spring should be controlled by the degree of tension of the spring
itself.
A separate motor may be used for each half of the receiving instrument; or a
single motor may be employed, the power of the motor being divided equally
between the two parts by means of an equalizing gear.
It is also proposed to use an improved form of reversing mechanism, in which an
armature of magnetic material is constantly rotated by the shaft of the receiving
instrument, and has adjacent to it, two discs connected with the receiving pen, by
means of which discs, respectively, it will be moved in opposite directions.
These discs are of magnetizable material, and are placed in magnetic relation to
the poles of an electro-magnet, which acts as the receiving magnet. On each
reversal of direction of motion of the transmitting pen, the polarity of the current
traversing the coils of this magnet is reversed, and the moving disc is brought
into contact with one or the other of the adjacent discs, so as to move it, and
consequently the receiving pen, in a direction corresponding with the polarity of
the current.
It is proposed, however, to use reversing mechanisms of other constructions in

page_text: connection with the various features of the improvement. These parts are of
course duplicated for the two sets of receiving instruments.
"This invention also embodies an organization of circuits and mechanism, by
means of which a telautograph receiving instrument may be operated.over three
line wires, instead of over four, as are usually employed. In this organization, a
single wire is employed for reversing both parts of the receiving instrument, the
polarity of the current being changed for one of the reversals, and the strength for
the other.
This invention also embodies an improvement in. unison mechanism, this con-
sisting in mechanical connections between the paper shifter and the receiving pen,
whereby the receiving pen is brought to a definite, position at each shifting of the
paper.
It will of course be understood. that the improvements.in the various parts of the
instrument are applicable to a telautographic system operated over four or other
number of wires, as well as to one operated over three wires, and also, that the
mechanism may be changed in various features from that shown, without: departing
from other features of the invention. Thus, various forms of motors, springs,
reversing mechanisms and unison devices, may be substituted for one or more of the
forms of these features shown in the Specification, while retaining the other
features, and without departing from the invention.
"The invention also includes a locking magnet electrically controlled from the
transmitting station, whereby, when the transmitter is out of use, the local battery
circuits at the receiving station will be held open.
In the drawings,—
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a receiving instrument. embodying the invention,
being a vertical section on the line 1-1.of Fig. 12.
Fig.
Fig. 12.
is also a vertical section of the instrument on about the line 2-2 of
"Fig. 3 is an. elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the motor and reversing
mechanism.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 6-6 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Eig. 3.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of the right-hand axial portion of Fig. 3.
Fig. 9 is an end view of the pole-pieces of the reversing mechanism.
Fig. 10 is a vertical transverse section of the instrument, showing the paper-
shifting and pen-raising magnets.
Fig. 11 is another view of the paper-shifting magnets and connected devices.
Fig. 12 is a plan view of the receiving instrument.
Figs. 13 and 14 are respectively diagrams of the transmitting and receiving
instruments and circuit connections.
Fig. 15 is a view of a modified form of motor, in which the spring is arranged
axially to the shaft.
Fig. 16 is a side view of the equalizing gear, on a larger scale.
Fig. 17 represents a similar construction, in which two motors, however, are used
instead of one, it being otherwise the same as that shown in Figs. 15 and 16.
The improvements in the receiving instrument will first be described.
The magnet H' is the usual escapement magnet, with which connects one of the
main line wires over which the pulsations are sent from one of the interrupters of
the transmitter, the coils. of this magnet H¹ being mounted upon the free ends of
the horse-shoe magnet M¹, the polarity of which is maintained by a coil N'. The
escapement pallets 1 are of usual construction, being carried by a pivotted soft
iron extension of magnet M', and control the escapement wheel 2 on the shaft 3.
This shaft is, for the most part, of brass, but its left hand portion, as shown in
Fig. 3, is of soft iron, forming a core for the magnet K¹, and carrying on its
left-hand end a disc or ring 6 of soft iron connected with that portion of the

page_text: '
shaft which forms the core of the magnet K. Motion is given to this escape-
ment shaft by means of a motor of peculiar construction, consisting of a
plunger 22, reciprocating in an ordinary axial magnet '23. This magnet is in
a normally closed local circuit, which passes through spring 40 and pin 41,
Figs. 3 and 5. The plunger 22 carries a cross bar '24, passing through its top,
and connected by two springs 27 with the frame piece 42. In its reciprocating
movement, the plunger descends, until the cross bar 24 depresses the spring 40,
breaking the circuit of the magnet 23, which passes through spring 40 and
contact stop 41, and permitting the plunger to rise under the pull of the
springs 27, until the circuit is.again made. This reciprocation continues as long
as the circuit of the magnet 23 remains closed, except as broken; as above stated,
at short intervals by the spring 40. "The rod 43, to which the plunger is
attached, is guided at its lower end by plate 32. At its upper end, it carries
a cross head 45, guided in its vertical movement by the pins 31, and carrying
the two spring-pressed pawls 29. These pawls engage with a fine toothed
wheel 17 mounted on a hollow shaft 16, free to rotate upon a pin 14 fastened
at one end to the fixed abutment 46. The shaft 16 is feathered to the pin 14,
whereby longitudinal movement of the shaft on the pin is prevented. The
pin 14 passes through, an opening in the cross-head 45, which is of such shape
as to permit the cross-head to reciprocate vertically; notwithstanding the presence
of the pin. The opposite end of the pin 14 is cone-shaped, and it is
journalled one end of the shaft 3. To the sleeve 16 is pivotted an angular
lever 19, one end of which has attached to it a cord 21, the other end of the
cord being fixed upon the shaft 3. The projection 18 is also fixed upon the
sleeve 16, and the end of this projection is connected with the lower end of
the lever 19 by the spring 20, which serves to keep the cord 21 taut.
spring 20 is the spring through the tension of which the power of the motor is
transmitted to the receiving pen. To the rear of the lever 19, is placed a
spring circuit maker and breaker 34 (shown in side view in Fig. 7), which is
at one end attached to an abutment, and, at the other bears':
s'against a contact
point 47 (see Fig. 4).
•
upon
This
This circuit maker and breaker serves to control the operative connection of the
motor with the spring. 20, so that when the tension of said spring has reached
.the normal degree, the motor will cease to operate upon it, being stopped by the
interruption of the circuit, as hereinafter more fully described.
:
Placed tangentially with regard to disc 6, are two other soft iron plates, here
shown in the form of discs 7 and 8, mounted upon the vertical shaft 11, which
carries the pen drum 48, from which the receiving pen is moved. These discs are
maintained in a condition of opposite polarity by proximity to the two poles 5 and 10
of the reversing magnet X). The shaft 11 has a slight vertical movement. The
polarity of the disc 6 being maintained as either positive or negative, let us say, for
example, positive, then, when 'the disc' 7 is negative, it will be attracted to the disc 6,
and held against it and the disc 7; consequently the pen drum will be revolved in
one direction. When a reversal.in the direction of writing occurs and the disc-8
consequently becomes negative, the latter.disc will be attracted by the disc 6 and
move with it, giving an opposite rotation to the shaft 11 and pen drum; and reversing
the movement of the receiving pen.
The triangular lever 19, its spring, and its cord, in this manner constitute a
regulator of the power transmitted from the plunger and axial-magnet to the escape
wheel.
The operation of this part of the mechanism is as follows:-
As the plunger 22 reciprocates, the two pawls 29 simultaneously push and pull
upon the periphery of the wheel 17, and force it to revolve, carrying with it the
shaft 16 winding up the cord 21 upon the shaft 3, and stretching the spring 20.
When the last-named spring has been stretched to the point for which the
apparatus is set, a projection 49 on the lever 19 impinges upon the circuit making
and breaking spring 34, moving it away from contact 47, thus breaking the circuit
°

page_text: of the axial magnet 23, which passes through the spring 34 and contact 47.
Further rotation of the shaft 16 is thus suspended, and the shaft 3 is driven under
the tension of the spring 20, until the lever 19 has moved sufficiently to permit the
circuit of magnet 23 to be again closed, when the action of the latter magnet is
resumed. The power transmitted to the shaft 3, can thus never exceed the tension
upon the spring 20, and as this spring lever 19 and cord 21 always remain in
approximately the same position, owing to the immediate winding action of the
axial magnet at the moment when their position initiates a change, the lever, cord,
and spring constitute together a delicate regulator for the power transmitted to the
escape wheel shaft. Furthermore, only substantially the amount of power required
for use is developed by the axial magnet, and considerable saving of power, as well
as ease and smoothness of action, is secured.
It will of course he understood that the improvements in the receiver which have
just been described, may be employed with any desired arrangement of circuits, and
with any number of line wires.
Referring now to Figs. 13 and 14, the circuit connections will be described.
A is the transmitting pen, which, as in the above mentioned Patents, is intended
to represent a pencil, pen, or other marking instrument, or even a handle without a
marking point, all of these being included, for convenience, under the term "pen."
This pen is connected by two cords, as shown in said Patents, with two inter-
rupters B, C, which may be of any construction adapted to cause pulsations of the
current; that shown being a form in which pulsations successively of opposite
polarity are sent to line. The main line b, coming from the distant station, passes
at the transmitter to a circuit making and breaking spring 50, and thence to the
writing platen 51, where a branch with a resistance R is provided, so that in the
depressed position of the writing platen, that is, during the operation of writing,
the current of shall have open to it a path around the resistance; but when the
platen is in its elevated position, the current will pass through the resistance
substantially as described in the said Patents. The circuit b then passes to the
circuit making and breaking lever 52 of the construction shown in said Patent
No. 2696 of 1893, and thence through one or the other of wires 6' 6" and
springs 53, 54, to battery zor z¹ and ground. Main line c comes from the
distant station, follows a similar course, passing through circuit making and
breaking spring 55 to the writing platen, where it is provided with paths through
and around resistance R', and thence to interrupter B, and circuit making and
breaking lever 56, and thence by wires c¹ or cl, and spring 53 or 54, to
battery z or z¹.
In this organization of connections, but one circuit is employed for reversing
both sides of the receiving instrument. Thus, main line wire, coming to the
transmitter, passes through circuit making and breaking spring 57 to the circuit
changing arm 58, frictionally mounted on the shaft of the interrupter C, with an
alternative path through the resistance R"; thence to the armature 59 of the polar
relay N¹, and thence by one of the wires e¹ e", and springs 53, 54, to battery z or z¹
and earth. The frictional circuit reversing arm 60, (these arms 58 and 60 being
constructed and mounted as described in said Patents 17965 of 1891 and 2696 of
1893), is provided with two contact points, each of which is connected with one of
the wires cc. The arm 60 is itself connected with ground through magnet N¹.
In this circuit is interposed, as resistance, R", for the purpose of adjusting the
strength of the battery as much as may be requisite in order to obtain delicate
action.
The usual paper shifting switch will be employed, this switch consisting of a
lever so arranged as to send a full current over both circuits b and c, when desired,
by the transmitting operator. As this switch is of any ordinary construction, such
as, for instance, shown in said Patent 17965 of 1891, it is not thought necessary to
illustrate it here.
So, also, a switch of any ordinary construction, such, for instance, as shown in
my prior Patents, for shifting the main line wire from the transmitting to a receiving

page_text: instrument at the same station, and vice versa, may be employed, if desired. This.
also it is considered unnecessary to illustrate in this application.
It will be seen that as the transmitting pen is moved, in the operation of writing,
and the interrupters B and C are caused to rotate, a series of pulsations of
successively opposite polarity will be sent through each of the main lines and c,
and that, upon reversal in direction of movement of the transmitting pen with
reference to the interrupter B, the polarity of the current traversing the magnet N
will be changed, resulting in a reversal in the polarity of the current traversing the:
main line e, and that upon a reversal in the direction of movement of the
transmitting pen with reference to the interrupter C, the current traversing
the main line e will be changed in strength, to wit, if the motion of the trans--
mitting pen is changed from a direction from interrupter C to a direction toward
interrupter C, the resistance R" will be let into the circuit e, and the strength of
the current will be reduced, while if reversal be in the opposite direction, the
current will be correspondingly increased.
The operation occurring at the transmitter being now explained, reference will
be had to the circuit connections of the receiver, Fig. 14.
Main line wire b enters.
the receiver, and passes to magnet H¹ and the relay P', which assists in the:
raising and lowering of the receiving pen and the shifting of the paper, as will be.
hereinafter described. The pulsations, successively positive and negative, traversing
the line b cause the escapement pallets to vibrate, and the shaft 3 is thus permitted
to rotate under tension of the cord 21 driving the receiving pen in a given direction..
Likewise the main line c passes, at the receiver, through a corresponding magnet H
on the other side of the machine and magnet P, this main line with connected parts.
performing, on the other side of the receiver, functions essentially similar to those
described with reference to main line b, and which therefore need not be again.
stated.
Main line e enters the receiver, and passes directly to polar relay J; thence to
Morse relay L, and thence to ground. The armature 62 of the magnet J is in a
local circuit, passing by wire j through the coils of magnet X, and to ground, and,.
in the other direction, through one of the contact stops of armature 62 and wire j¹
or The wire connects directly with circuit-making and breaking spring 61,.
and thence with negative battery Z¹ and ground. The wire connects directly
with circuit making and breaking spring 63, and thence to positive battery Z and
ground. A positive or negative current will thus be directed, at all times, through.
reversing magnet X, the polarity of this current depending upon which one of its.
contact stops, armature lever 62 rests against.
A branch by wire k from this circuit, passes through magnet K to earth, thus.
maintaining a constant negative current through it. As the current is reversed.
through the coils of magnet X by the movement of armature 62, the rotation of
the receiving pen drum on this side of the instrument will be correspondingly
reversed in direction.
On the left hand side of the instrument, a circuit is made from the earth through,
the coils of magnet X', wire x, armature 83, wire j', wire a³, and spring 61, to.
'negative battery Z, and ground, and, by an alternative path, through wire all to
spring 63, and thence by wire to positive battery Z, and ground.
The circuit of maguet O is made from earth through the armature 64 of
magnet L, and the wires " and " to the positive battery Z.
When a current of increased strength traverses the main line e, the armature of.
maguet Lis drawn to its front stop, thus breaking the circuit of magnet O, causing
it to release its armature, and permitting a negative current from battery Z to pass.
over wires j' and ', and armature 83, through the coils of magnet X¹.
When a current of reduced strength comes over main line e, the armature o
magnet L is released, completing the circuit of magnet 0; magnet O draws up its
armature, breaking the circuits through a', and a positive current from battery Z
now traverses the coils of X, through wires " and " and spring 63.
polarity of the poles of the magnet X is thus reversed upon each change of
The

page_text: strength in the main line reversing circuit. e..
The polarity of the magnet K' is
maintained constant by a current passing from battery Z through wire j,, and k,
and coils of K³, to earth.. Reversal in direction of movement of the receiving pen
drum on this side of. the instrument, therefore follows each change in the strength
of the reversing current coming over line wire e.
The magnet O. is provided, in order..to bridge the gap in the current caused. by
reversal in polarity of the current e..
It will be seen that at the moment. of reversal. of polarity there will be no current
on line, and consequently the armature 64 will tend to drop back, which. might
result. in false reversal on this side of the receiver. The magnet and its
armature and armature spring,, however, are so adjusted that this magnet does
not act to draw up its armature in the brief time during which the armature 64' rests
on its back stop, at the moment of reversal in polarity of the current on e.
By this arrangement it is made possible to perform the function heretofore
requiring two reversing line wires by a single wire.
The pen-raising and paper-shifting is effected in this organization in. the
following manner:-The magnets S. and. T are respectively the pen-raising and
pen-lowering magnets, carrying, the pen-rest 65, supported by their common pivoted
armature 66. The circuit of magnet S. passes from battery Z; by wire s,
armature: 67 of magnet P₁, springs. 68 and 69, to ground. Circuit of magnet T
passes from battery Z, through armature 70, wire t, circuit making and breaking
spring 69, to ground... Upon depression of.. the writing. platen at the. transmitting
station, the resistance R. is cut out. of circuitib, and the resistance R¹ is cut into
circuit c. Consequently, the armature of the Morse relay P¹ is drawn up, and the
armature of P is released, and thus the circuit t is closed and the circuit s is
broken. The magnet T now acts, and lowers the receiving pen to the paper.
When the receiving platen at the transmitting station is allowed to rise, this
operation is reversed, and the receiving pen is elevated from the paper.
When, for the purpose of shifting the paper, the two circuits b, c, are
simultaneously made of full strength, both the magnets P and P¹ draw their
armatures, and a circuit is made from the positive battery Z, through armature 70,
wires y and y', paper-shifting magnet. V, armature 67 of magnet P, to the
negative pole of battery Z¹. This actuates the magnet V, which is, as shown
herein, an axial, magnet, but may be of other construction, causes it to draw down
its plunger armature, and, through the agency of pawl 71, and ratchet wheel 72,
to feed the paper. The plunger is returned to its normal position by the
spring 79 attached to the cross piece 80.
At the same time, the paper is fed, unison is secured as follows:-To the head
of the plunger are loosely attached. two pivoted levers 73, 74, forked at their outer
ends, and. embracing two endless cords 75, 76, each provided with a ball or other
stop 77, 78, adapted to engage with the fork, and attached to one of the pen drum
shafts. As the plunger 84 of the paper shifting magnet is drawn down, the outer
ends of the levers 73, 74 engage with the balls 77, 78, move the endless cords, and
carry the respective pen drum shafts.to.the unison.position.
The springs 61, 63, 68, and 69, are so placed with reference to the contact
points with which they make connection, that they are not in contact with them
except when pressed upward by the piece 80 attached to the armature of
magnet V.
This will be the case when the instrument is in operation, but in
order to hold the batteries.at the.receiver out of circuit, when there is no current
on line, a locking, magnet, W, is provided, which magnet is in circuit with
armature 70 of magnet P. Its circuit will 'therefore be normally closed when
the instrument is in operation, but when the main line batteries are thrown off by
the hanging up of the transmitting pen, the circuit of W will be broken. The
lower end of the armature of magnet W, when in its protracted position, projects
beyond the end of the piece 80, and locks it from rising to a position in which it
may press the circuit-making and breaking springs into connection with their
respective contact points.

page_text: When, therefore, the armature of magnet V is drawn down for the purpose
of shifting the paper, the magnet W will be energized, and will hold its
armature out of the path of the piece 80, but if, after shifting the paper, the
transmitting operator proceeds to hang up his pen, and take the current entirely
off the line, armature 70 will drop back, breaking the circuit of magnet W, and
permitting its armature 81 to drop forward and lock the piece 80 against rising
far enough to reach the circuit making and breaking springs 61, 63, 68, 69.
When the transmitting pen is again taken down, and the current is thrown upon
the lines, the circuit of magnet P will again be made, since the transmitting
platen is on its upper contact point, and magnet W being energized, will with-
draw its locking armature 81, permitting the circuits to be again closed.
The construction shown in Figs. 15, 16, and 17, will now be described.
The motor is an ordinary rotary electric motor. In the line of the axis of the
motor, is mounted a shaft 85, free to move longitudinally in its bearing, and
pressed towards the motor by a spring actuated lever 86. The shaft 85 carries
a worm wheel 87, which meshes with the gear 88 on the equalizing gear. The
equalizing gear consists of the gear 88, in which is journaled a mitre gear 89,
which engages with the mitre gears 90 and 91, the latter fast to shaft 92, and the
former to shaft 93, which shaft, being journaled in bearings, is free to revolve.
The gear 88 revolves loosely on shaft 92. Connection is made between the shaft 85
and the motor shaft by means of two arms and a pin, as shown, which permits
longitudinal movement of the shaft 85 without deranging the connection. In line
with shaft 92 is mounted another shaft 94, which carries the disc 6. . The
connection between shafts 92 and 94 is made by means of a spring 97.
A rigid
piece 98 may be placed within this spring, to keep it axially straight, but this piece
has no connection with the shafts 92 and 94. The action of the motor, therefore,
is to give rotation to the shaft 92, and to twist the spring 97, placing it in a
torsional tension. This action will continue until the tension of the spring 97
becomes greater than the tension of the spring 99 holding the lever 86 in its place,
when the worm 87 and its shaft 85 will move outwardly from the motor, until the
circuit of the motor is opened at the contacts 100, 101, causing the motor to stop.
It will be understood that the contacts 100, 101, are in the motor circuit. When
the tension of the spring 97 is decreased sufficiently, the worm 88 will move
upward until the motor circuit is closed, when it will again re-establish the
movement of the motor, and increase the tension of the spring 97. Thus, the
tension of the spring 97 will be kept at a substantially constant degree.
A similar spring and connections are provided on the right hand side of the
apparatus, as shown in the drawings.
The power of the motor is divided between these springs by the equalizing
gear, and as the two springs together reach a degree of tension sufficient to
overcome the tension of the spring 99, the motor. will be stopped, and restarted,
whenever the combined tension of the springs falls below the tension of the
spring 99.
case unnecessary.
In Fig. 17 is shown a similar construction, in which, however, two motors are
employed, one for each side of the instrument, and the equalizing gear is in this
It will be understood that in all cases, and whatever form of
motor is used, two motors may be employed, if desired, one for each side of the
machine, or a single motor with an equalizing gear.
Under the term "
"
motor and "
power mechanism," as herein used, I intend to
include every form of device, whether electrical or not, from which power may be
derived.
It will be understood that the arrangement of circuits and lines wires herein
described may be applied to an instrument having any sort of a transmitting
interrupter, and any sort of a receiving mechanism, and is not limited to the
particular form of instrument, either transmitter or receiver, herein shown.
Although pulsations of successively reverse polarity are described as sent to line
in this application, the invention is not limited to such pulsations, but may employ
B

page_text: those of successively like polarity. The pulsations may be sent by means of a pole
changer, as well as by the use of batteries of like polarity, if preferred, or in any
manner and from any source of electricity desired.
In some cases, it may be preferred to write the message in a single line extending
along a narrow strip of paper, as suggested in the before mentioned Patents, and in
such case it will only be necessary to arrange the mechanism for shifting the paper
in the direction of a line of writing, instead of perpendicular thereto. The receiving
pen may, in some cases, consist of a simple pencil or tracer, and the ink supplying
apparatus be dispensed with.
The movements necessary to produce the messages, instead of being imparted to
the receiving pen, may be wholly or in part imparted to the paper. It is therefore
to be understood, that when the movement of the receiving pen is referred to, this
also includes the equivalent movement of the paper.
It is obvious that one of the pawls 29 may be omitted, if desired, the mechanism
with such omission working in the same manner as already described, except that
the plunger gives rotation to the shaft only while moving in one direction, instead
of in both, as in the construction shown. It is therefore to be understood that a
single pawl is the equivalent of the two pawls shown in the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
from abroad, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a telautographic system, the method of and apparatus for reversing the
direction of movement in two directions, crosswise of each other, of a receiving
pen, to follow corresponding reversals in the direction of movement of the trans-
mitting pen, which consists in causing the strength of the reversing current to
change, upon reversal in direction of motion of the transmitting pen in one of said
two directions, and in causing a change of polarity in said current upon reversal in
direction of motion of the transmitting pen in the other of said two directions,
substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a suitable power mechanism
for driving the same, a suitable spring placed under tension by the power mechanism,
through which spring the power is transmitted to the receiving pen, and a circuit
maker and breaker for suspending the operation of the power mechanism upon the
spring, when the latter has been placed under sufficient tension, substantially as
described.
3. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a suitable power mechanism
for driving the same, a suitable spring placed under tension by the power mechanism,
through which spring the power is transmitted to the receiving pen, for driving it
in two directions, and a reversing mechanism between the spring and the receiving
pen, substantially as set forth.
4. The use of a torsional spring, by preference placed axially with reference to
the driving shaft, for giving notion to the receiving pen, substantially as set forth.
5. The receiving pen in combination with a spring for driving the same, and a
ratchet motor for giving tension to said spring, substantially as described.
6. In a telautographic system, the use of a suitable spring under tension, as part
of the driving connection between the power mechanism and the receiving pen,
whereby the power exerted upon the receiving pen cannot exceed the tension of
said spring, substantially as set forth.
7. The use, for driving a receiving pen in two directions, of one motor, an
equalizing gear, and two springs connecting the equalizing gear with the pen for
driving the latter in said two directions respectively, substantially as described.
8. The reversing mechanism, consisting of a telautographic receiving pen, a
shaft, power mechanism for rotating the shaft, a magnetizable disc or ring mounted
upon the shaft, two magnetizable plates connected with the receiving pen, and
adapted to be attracted and moved in opposite directions by the said magnetizable
ring or disc, and means for causing the magnetic engagement of the ring or disc on

page_text: the shaft with the said two plates alternately, thereby causing the alternate
movement of the receiving pen in opposite directions, substantially as set forth.
9. The unison device, consisting of a magnet at the receiving station, electrical
connections with the transmitting station, whereby the same can be operated at the
will of the transmitting operator, and mechanism connecting the armature of said
magnet and the receiving pen, whereby, when the said armature is caused to move,.
the receiving pen is moved thereby to unison position, substantially as set forth.
10. In a telautographic instrument, the use of mechanical connections between
the paper shifter and the receiving pen, for bringing the latter to unison position at.
each shifting of the paper, substantially as set forth.
11. The mechanism and its controlling magnet for locking the local circuits at.
the receiver in open position, when the transmitting pen is out of use, substantially
as set forth.
day of duty 1094.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.