IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF MAKING SEWING THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon and
Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE ART OF MAKING SEWING THREAD, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN." A communication from abroad by Andrew Reynolds Arnold, of
Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
Sealed the 29th December 1877, and dated the 28th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1877.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF MAKING SEWING THREAD, AND IN THE
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN." [A communication from abroad by Andrew
Reynolds Arnold, of Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.]
This Invention of improvements in the art of making sewing thread and in the
machinery employed therein is as follows:-In the common mode of manufacturing
sewing thread from the yarn, the yarn on the cops or bobbins upon which it has
been spun is taken to a spooling machine by whose action two threads of yarn are
doubled and spooled together; next, the spools of doubled yarn are put on to a ring-
twisting machine, by whose action the doubled yarns are twisted together left
handed and are wound upon small bobbins; next, these doubled and twisted yarns
are taken to a second spooling machine, by whose action three of the yarns are
brought together or "doubled" as it is technically called, and are wound upon
larger spools; next, the yarn on these larger spools are taken to a fly-twisting
machine, and are twisted together right handed and are wound upon small bobbins ;
lastly, these bobbins are taken to a reeling machine and are wound into skeins and
hanks in a condition for bleaching and coloring.
The process of manufacture above described consists of five disconnected opera-
tions, viz., a first doubling, a first twisting, a second doubling, a second twisting, and
:

page_text: a reeling operation; it involves also much hand labor, and the employment of five
disconnected machines.
Now the object of this Invention is to do away with the disconnected operations
and the treatment of the material in disconnected machines. To this end the
improvements in the art consists of the conversion of the single yarns into six (or
other) cord thread in the condition of hanks of skeins ready for bleaching or coloring
by a continuous process, and the improvements in machinery consist of certain com-
binations of mechanical devices by means of which the doubling, twisting, re-
doubling, retwisting, winding in the skein and formation of the hank are perforined
simultaneously and continuously, so that the necessity of separating the operations
and of taking the yarn from one machine to another is dispensed with.
The various moving members of the machine are all supported by a strong frame
having two front rails to which the brackets of the bearings of the main spindle of
the doubling and twisting devices are secured. This main spindle is fitted with a
bevelled wheel which is driven by a corresponding bevelled wheel secured to a
countershaft, and the countershaft through the intervention of a belt and belt
pulleys, the latter being connected with the countershaft through the intervention
of a friction clutch so that the countershaft may be thrown out of gear.
The revolution of the main spindle effects the retwisting or last twisting of the
redoubled yarns. It carries upon it a hub and a twisting head which support the
bearings of the secondary spindles that effect the first twisting of the yarns, and
these secondary spindles carry in turn tubes or other holding devices in or by which
the cops or other masses of single yarns are contained, tubes being probably the
most convenient yarn holders for such a machine. The main spindle is caused to
revolve right handed, so that the final twist of the thread is from left to right. The
secondary spindles on the other hand are caused to revolve left handed, or in the
reversed direction of the main spindle (so that the primary twists of the single and
double yarns are from right to left). The direction of revolution of the main
spindle is therefore counter to that of the secondary spindles, and the twist pro-
duced by the main spindle is a countertwist as compared with the twist produced
by the secondary spindles.
In order that the secondary spindles may be caused to revolve, a cog wheel is
secured to the bracket of the lower bearing of the main spindle, and each secondary
spindle is fitted at its lower end with a pinion. These spindle pinions do not engage
directly with the stationary or dead cog wheel, but are connected with it through
the intervention of intermediate pinions, one for each spindle. These intermediate
pinions being constructed to revolve upon studs secured to a hub, and each engaging
on one side with the stationary wheel, and on the other with its respective secondary
spindle pinion. The yarn tubes are in the present instance two in number for each
secondary spindle, but this number may be increased or diminished according to
the kind of thread to be produced, two tubes for each secondary spindle being
adapted to the manufacture of six-cord thread or of three-cord thread, one of the
tubes in the latter case being left empty.
The yarn from each tube passes through a slit in its cap up an inclined yarn
channel to a tubular twisting head, into which each yarn enters through a passage
made for the purpose. Hence the yarns from the tubes of each secondary spindle
are simply retwisted as they are doubling together in its twisting head, and by the
revolution of that head with the spindle are twisted into a strand, turn for turn
given the retwisted single yarns.
In order that the yarns may be delivered to the twisting point properly each
twisting head is fitted with a core, having in it as many converging grooves as they
are yarns (two in the present case), and each yarn is conducted through one of
these grooves, so that it is prevented from kinking up to the point where the yarns
unite.
In order that the strand of double and twisted yarn may have the proper hard-
ness of twist each yarn is prevented from feeding too freely to the twisting heads
by being subjected to tension,

page_text: The tension performs two functions, that is to say, they hold the yarn so as to
prevent it from kinking while it is passing from the yarn holders to the twisting
heads, and they also make tension upon it. It is preferred to use both pins and
adjustable pressure springs, or some other adjustable tension device which will
permit the tension to be adjusted; but if the capacity of nice adjustment be not
deemed important a sufficient number of pins may be used to produce a tension as
well as hold the yarn from kinking.
The three strands of doubled and twisted yarns pass from the ends of the
secondary twisting heads to the twisting head of the main sprindle through inclined
strand channels, and enter the tubular bore of the main head through passages
made for the purpose. The bore of this main head is fitted with a core having in
it three grooves which converge at their upper ends to a point, or thereabouts, so as
to control the strands and prevent them from kinking up to the place where they
unite to form the cord or complete thread.
Above the cord-twisting head is a tubular cord guide, which is concentric or
thereabout with the axis of the cord spindle, and is supported by an adjustable arm.
This guide arm is constructed to slide in the bracket, so that the lower end of the
cord guide may be set noarer to or farther from the end of the main or cord spindle,
and the stem of the arm is perforated with holes, in any one of which a pin may be
inserted to hold the cord guide in the desired position.
In order that the yarn may be drawn through the doubling and twisting devices
at a regulated speed so that the twist may be uniform a draft roll is provided. This
draft roll is fitted to a shaft which receives the motion from the countershaft
through the intervention of the following mechanism:-The countershaft is fitted
with a belt pulley, and a corresponding belt pulley is applied to an intermediate.
shaft. The latter shaft is fitted with a pinion which engages with a carrier wheel
that is fitted to turn freely upon the draft roll shaft, and this carrier wheel is fitted
with a stud to which a long pinion is applied, so that the pinion is caused to travel
round with the carrier wheel. The teeth of this travelling pinion engage simulta-
neously in the teeth of two cog wheels, the one secured to the draft roll shaft, and
the other cog wheel arranged axially of that shaft, but held in a stationary position
thereto. The numbers of teeth in the stationary cog wheel and in the draft roll
cog wheel are unequal, the number of the teeth in the latter cog wheel being one
the smaller; consequently as the carrier wheel revolves in the direction which is the
reverse of that required of the draft roll, the draft roll is caused to revolve in the
required direction but at a very slow speed. The fixed and draft roll cog wheels
with the travelling pinion thus constitute differential gearing, by which the draft
roll is caused to turn with the required speed to draw the thread through the
doubling and twisting devices.
In order that the speed of draft may be varied according to the different amounts
of twist to the inch required in the various sizes and quality to be produced, the
pullies of the countershaft and intermediate shaft are reversed; cone pullies and
adjustable belt guides are provided to adjust the position of the belt on these cone
pullies.
In order that the draft roll may draw the thread the latter is passed several times
around the roll so as to produce sufficient surface contact therewith for the purpose.
As each turn of the draft roll produces a new coil of thread thereon toward one of its
heads, and delivers the last coil which is nearest the opposite head, the coils tend to
run along the barrel of the draft roll.
In order that this tendency may be prevented a coil guide is provided; this coil
guide consists of a polished curved blade, whose acting face is crosswise of the axial
line of the draft roll, and is slightly inclined thereto. The shank of this coil guide
is made fast to the frame of the machine so that it cannot move, hence as the thread
is coiled upon the draft roll it enters between the last coil and the face of the coil
guide, and consequently the coils of thread upon the draft roll are progressively
pushed along its barrel by the contact of the coil that is being formed with the
inclined surface of the coil guide.

page_text: The thread delivered from the draft roll is at once reeled into skeins and formed
into hanks. For this purpose a reel is mounted upon the frame of the machine, and
a traverser is provided to distribute the thread upon the reel. The reel is driven
from the draft roll shaft by means of a pulley, a band, and a second pulley secured
to the shaft of the reel.
While the thread is being wound upon the reel it is traversed thereon so as to be
laid properly by means of a traverser which is fitted with a guide through which the
thread passes.
This traverser is constructed to slide in guides, and is moved to and
fro for the purpose of distributing the thread in the skein by means of a heart-
formed cam, in the groove of which a friction wheel or truck pivotted to the under
side of the traverser is fitted.
It is desirable that the machine should wind a specific predetermined number of
yards in a hank of skeins. In order that this may be effected automatically a dog
carrier is fitted at its rear side with a stop dog, which is fitted to operate either upon
a stop motion (for disconnecting the driving shaft from the line shafting of the
factory), or upon a bell to notify the attendant; or it may be arranged to operate
upon the friction cluch of the countershaft. In the present example the stop dog is
fitted to operate the lever hammer of a bell whenever the stop dog arrives at the
proper position for the purpose. As the screw gear for driving the dog carrier causes
the latter to revolve very slowly, it is never called upon to make a single revolution
for a complete hank of three skeins of thread, consequently when a hank has been
reeled the dog carrier must be turned by hand to set the dogs in the starting
positions before a new hank is wound.
In order that the dog carrier may be turned by hand it is fitted to slide end wise
upon its shaft, and it is held in a forward position with the teeth of its worm wheel
in gear with the screw by means of a removeable holder. When this holder is with-
drawn the dog carrier may be moved backward on its shaft so as to disengage
the teeth of the worm wheel from the screw. After this the dog carrier may be
turned by hand to reset the dogs at their starting positions. When the dogs have
been so reset the dog carrier is moved forward on its shaft to re-engage the driving
gear, and the holder is re-inserted to hold the parts in gear.
As the dog carrier is driven from the shaft of the draft roll each revolution of the
dog carrier corresponds with a specific number of revolutions of the draft roll, and
if the diameter of the draft roll be such as to deliver a certain fraction of a yard of
thread at each revolution, the movement of the dog carrier will indicate the number
of yards of thread reeled in a hank.
In order that the hank may be divided into three skeins of equal size, notwith-
standing the greater or less number of yards reeled in the bank traversed, latch dogs
are made adjustable upon the face of the dog carrier, and this face is divided into
divisions which are numbered.
As the spindles of the machine run at a high speed it is important that they be
thoroughly lubricated, so that they may not heat. In order that this result may be
attained an oil reservoir is provided for each fast running journal, and the journal is con-
structed with a screw formed or helical groove in its periphery so that the revolution
of the journal tends to screw the oil from the reservoir along the journal, and thus
feed the entire length of the journal with the lubricating material.
In order that the yarn tubes may be readily supplied with cops, and that the
empty cop spindle may be withdrawn from them, the tube caps or covers and
twisting head of each secondary spindle are not fixed permanently to it, but are
fitted to a sleeve which is constructed to slide up and down upon the spindles so that
the caps may be raised from the heads of the tubes, and are driven by a driving pin
acting upon a tooth of the sleeve. The tubes also are not secured permanently to
their spindle, but are connected with it by a sleeve and driving pins, so that the
tubes with their base may be turned forward upon the spindle after the caps are
raised for the purpose of moving tubes from beneath their caps, and thus exposing
the cops within them.
If the yarn to be manufactured into thread is wound upon bobbins, spindles.or

page_text: other yarn holders suitable for holding bobbins should be used in place of the yarn
tubes, and such holders would be substitutes or equivalents for the tubes in the com-
binations of which they form members. It is preferred however to employ tubes for
some other form of casing to enclose the yarn, as a casing protects the yarn from the
action of the atmosphere.
In the foregoing description the yarn is described spun left handed, the secondary
spindles as being caused to revolve left handed, and the main spindle as being caused
to revolve right handed.
If the yarn be originally spun right handed, then the directions of revolution
of the spindles should be respectively reversed, as it is desirable that the first twist
after doubling should be in the same direction as that in which the yarn is spun, and
that the second twisting should be counter to the first.
In the foregoing description the hank is described as composed of three skeins. As
a general rule the length of thread in the hank may be such as can be formed by
the contents of a set of bobbins or cops, but this length may be varied as found
expedient.
In place of moving the traverser with its guide along the reel, the reel itself may
be connected with the traverser so as to traverse past a stationary guide; the reel
also may be shifted to place different portions of it opposite the guide, but this modi-
fication of the machine is not recommended. So also the draft roll may be dispensed
with if the reel be driven by gearing so that it will operate to draw the thread along
at a definite speed, but as in such case the thread would be reeled very tightly this
modification of the machine is not recommended.
In place of using a single draft roll and coiling the thread upon it the thread may
be passed between two draft rolls, the one elastic and pressed toward the other with
a yielding pressure so that the thread may be gripped between the two.
In some cases the tension device may be constructed so as to both apply tension
to the yarn or to the strand, and also to support the yarn or strand in its movement
to the twisting head of the spindle, and in such case the yarn channels or the thread
channel may be dispensed with, the tension device or devices being supported by a
stock or holder which is not a channel. It is preferred however to employ both the
yarn channels, as the sides of these channels perform an important office in protecting
the yarns and strands from the action of the atmosphere when the machine is in
operation.
When the machine is to be used the yarn tubes are charged with full cops of yarns.
The yarn from each cop is conducted through the slot of the tube cap, and up the
yarn channel to the twisting head of the spindle. Each yarn is applied to the
tension pins of the yarn channel, and is passed between the tension springs. The
doubled yarns from the twisting heads of the spindle are conducted up the strand
channels to the twisting head of the main spindle, and are applied in the strand
channels to the tension pins thereof. From the twisting head of the main spindle the
united yarns are passed through the cord guide and conducted to the draft roll.
After being coiled upon the draft roll the united yarns are attached to the reel. The
draft roll latch having been disengaged so as to prevent the draft of yarns, the
spindles are put in motion by throwing the clutch into gear, and twisting proceeds
until the portions of the yarn between the draft roll and the cops are twisted to the
required extent; then the draft roll reeling and counter mechanisms are thrown
into gear by engaging the draft roll latch with the clutch teeth of the stationary
wheel. The work then proceeds regularly, the thread being drawn from the twisting
head of the main spindle as fast as it is twisted, the strands moving forward to form
the thread, and the yarns delivering from the cops in the yarn tubes or holders to
form the strands.
The yarns for the threads are by preference spun left handed, and as the cops
in the cop tubes are carried in a left handed direction around the secondary spindles, the
yarns of the cop tubes carried by each secondary spindle are not only twisted into
a strand but receive additional twist, from the well-known fact that the twisting of

page_text: two or more yarns together causes the additional twisting of each yarn before it
unites with the others. Moreover, inasmuch as each yarn is drawn from the cop
endwise thereof (toward the guide slot in the tube cap), and inasmuch as the cops
do not revolve to unwind the yarns, each yarn in uncoiling receives an additional
or preliminary twist one turn for each coil drawn endwise from the cop, such
preliminary twist being additional to that possessed by it, when placed in the machine.
This preliminary twist tends to condense and harden the yarn previous to its
formation into the strands. The secondary spindles revolve left handed so that each
strand is twisted left handed previous to its formation into thread. The main spindle
revolves right handed so that the thread produced is twisted right handed or counter
twisted as compared with the first twisting, and each revolution of the main spindle
extracts one twist from the doubled strands, and also from each yarn. .
From these operations it results that the thread or cord remains straight, and does
not tend to kink when taken from the reel.
From the foregoing description it will be perceived that the yarn is doubled,
twisted into strands, redoubled, counter-twisted into thread, reeled into skeins,
and put into hanks of skeins by a continuous process as distinguished from the
separate operations heretofore employed.
The machine is adapted for the production of thread in the hank from two to six
yarns, both inclusive, according to the number of the tubes or yarn holders which are
charged with yarn.
If a thread composed of a larger number of yarns than six is required, the machine
must be constructed with an additional number of tubes or yarn holders, unless the
yarns charged into the tubes be doubled and twisted by a preliminary operation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th February 1877.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF MAKING SEWING THREAD, AND IN THE
MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN." A communication from abroad by Andrew
Reynolds Arnold, of Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
This Invention of improvements in the art of making sewing thread, and in the
machinery employed therein, is as follows:-In the common mode of manufacturing
sewing thread from the yarn, the yarn on the cops or bobbins upon which it has
been spun is taken to a spooling machine, by whose action two threads of yarn
are doubled and spooled together; next, the spools of doubled yarn are put on to a
ring twisting machine, by whose action the doubled yarns are twisted together left
handed, and are wound upon small bobbins; next, these doubled and twisted yarns
are taken to a second spooling machine, by whose action three of the yarns are
brought together or "doubled," as it is technically called, and are wound upon
larger spools; next, the yarn on these larger spools are taken to a fly twisting
machine, are twisted together right handed, and are wound upon small bobbins;
lastly, these bobbins are taken to a reeling machine, and are wound into skeins and
hanks in a condition for bleaching and coloring.
The process of manufacture above described consists of five disconnected opera-
tions, viz., a first doubling, a first twisting, a second doubling, a second twisting,
and a reeling operation; it involves also much hand labor, and the employment of
five disconnected machines.
Now the object of this Invention is to do away with the disconnected operations
and the treatment of the material in disconnected machines. To this end the
improvements in the art consists of the conversion of the single yarns into six (or
other) cord thread in the condition of hanks or skeins ready for bleaching or coloring
by a continuous process; and the improvements in machinery consists of certain
combinations of mechanical devices, by means of which the doubling, twisting,
redoubling, retwisting, winding in the skein, and formation of the hank are per-
formed simultaneously and continuously, so that the necessity of separating the
operations and of taking the yarn from one machine to another is dispensed with.
The various combinations of mechanical devices which have been invented are set
forth in detail, and in order that they may be fully understood they are represented
in the accompanying Drawings of a machine embodying them in the best form at
present known to me, and I will proceed to describe the same, the said Drawings
forming part of this Specification. I declare however that I do not confine the
Invention to the precise construction of the machine I am about to describe, as the
construction of the devices composing it may be varied as circumstances or the views
of different manufacturers may render expedient, and parts of the Invention may be
used without others.
Figure 1 of the said Drawings represents a plan of a machine embodying the
Invention; Figure 2 represents a front view of the same; Figure 3 represents a side
view of same.
Figures 4 and 4ª represent a vertical section of a portion of the machine upon a
larger scale than the preceeding Figures.
Figures 5 to 12 inclusive represent views of some parts of the machine discon-
nected from the other parts, and designated by the same letters of reference as are
used for the same parts in the other Figures.
The said machine represents only one set of doubling, twisting, and reeling
devices, but the number may be increased by arranging the sets in a row or in two
parallel rows back to back, all operated by the same horizontal shafts, or operated
independently from the same main shaft.

page_text: The various moving members of the machine are all supported by a strong frame,
having two front rails A, A, to which the brackets of the bearings of the main
spindle B of the doubling and twisting devices are secured; this main spindle B is
fitted with a beveled wheel C, which is driven by a corresponding beveled wheel C'
secured to a countershaft D, and the countershaft D is driven by the main shaft D1
through the intervention of the belt D2 and the belt pulleys D³, D', the latter being
connected with the countershaft through the intervention of a friction clutch E, so
that the countershaft may be thrown out of gear or into gear by operating the
clutch lever E¹.
The revolution of the main spindle effects the retwisting or last twisting of the
redoubled yarns. It carries upon it a hub B' and a twisting head B2, which support
the bearings of the secondary spindles F, F, F, that effect the first twisting of the
yarns, and these secondary spindles carry in turn the tubes G, G, or other holding
devices in or by which the cops or other masses of single yarns are contained, tubes
being probably the most convenient yarn holders for such a machine. The main
spindle is caused to revolve right handed, that is to say, in the direction indicated
by the arrow x, Figure 4, so that the final twist of the thread is from left to right.
The secondary spindles, on the other hand, are caused to revolve left handed (in the
direction indicated by the arrow x¹), or in the reversed direction to the main spindle,
so that the primary twists of the single and double yarns are from right to left.
The direction of revolution of the main spindle is therefore counter to that of the
secondary spindles, and the twist produced by the main spindle is a counter twist as
compared with the twist produced by the secondary spindles.
In order that the secondary spindles may be caused to revolve, a cog wheel ƒ is
secured to the bracket B3 of the lower bearing of the main spindle, and each
secondary spindle F is fitted at its lower end with a pinion f¹; these spindle pinions
do not engage directly with the stationary or dead cog wheelf, but are connected
with it through the intervention of intermediate pinions f², one for each spindle,
these intermediate pinions being constructed to revolve upon studs secured to
hub B¹, and each engaging on one side with the stationary wheel f, and on the other
with its respective secondary spindle pinion f¹. The yarn tubes G, G, are in the
present instance two in number for each secondary spindle, but this number may be
increased or diminished according to the kind of thread to be produced, two tubes
for each secondary spindle being adapted to the manufacture of six-cord thread or of
three-cord thread, one of the tubes in the latter case being left empty.
The yarn from each tube passes through a slit in its cap g up an inclined yarn
channel H to a tubular twisting head I, Figure 4, into which each yarn enters
through a passage i made for the purpose. Hence the yarns from the tubes of each
secondary spindle are singly retwisted as they are doubling together in its twisting
head, and by the revolution of that head with the spindle are twisted into a strand
turn for turn given the retwisted single yarns.
In order that the yarns may be delivered to the twisting point properly, each
twisting head is fitted with a core 22 (see Figures 4 and 5), having in it as many
converging grooves as there are yarns (two in the present case), and each yarn is
conducted through one of these grooves, so that it is prevented from kinking up to
the point where the yarns unite.
In order that the strand of doubled and twisted yarn may have the proper hard-
ness of twist, each yarn is prevented from feeding too freely to the twisting heads
by being subjected to tension. To this end a tension device is applied to each yarn
channel H, and the devices preferable to use for this purpose consist of a pair of
adjustable pressure springs J, Figures 2, 3, and 4, which are proceded by a series of
pins J, Figure 4. The yarn froin each tube G is passed first in a zig-zag direction
around the tension pins J¹, and is then passed between the springs J. The force
with which these springs J are caused to press upon the yarn between them may be
regulated by adjusting screws j, j.
The tension pins perform two functions, that is to say, they hold the yarn so as
to prevent it from kinking while it is passing from the yarn holders to the twisting

page_text: heads, and they also make tension upon it. It is preferred to use both the pins
and the adjustable pressure springs or some other adjustable tension.device which
will permit the tension to be adjusted, but if the capacity of nice, adjustment be
not deemed important a sufficient number of pins may be used to produce the
tension as well as hold the yarn from kinking.
The three strands of doubled and twisted yarns pass from the ends of the
secondary twisting heads to the twisting head I of the main spindle B through the
inclined strand channels H¹, and enter the tubular bore of the main head through
passages is, made for the purpose. The bore of this main head is fitted with a
core, Figure 4, having in it three grooves which converge at their upper ends to
a point, or thereabout, so as to control the strands and prevent them from kinking
up to the place where they unite to form the cord or complete thread.
Above the cord-twisting head I is a tubular cord guide K, which is concentric,
or thereabout, with the axis of the cord spindle B, and is supported by an adjustable
arm . This guide arm is constructed to slide in the bracket B so that the lower
end of the cord guide may be set nearer to or farther from the end of the main or
cord spindle, and the stem of the arm is perforated with holes, in any one of which
a pin may be inserted to hold the cord guide in the desired position. The cord
guide is thus made adjustable end wise of the main spindle to the requirements of
the work. It is also movable in the same endwise direction, so that in case of the
breakage of the strands it may be readily loosed and slipped up the cord so as to be
out of the way when the piecing is done.
In order that the strands may be subjected to the requisite tension to ensure
their proper twisting a tension device is provided for each strand. The tension
device preferred for this purpose consists of a series of pins J2 arranged in the strand
channel, so that the strand may be applied in a zig-zag direction to more or less of
the pins, as required, to afford sufficient frictional resistance to the notion of the
strand to produce the required tension.
In order that the yarns may be drawn through the doubling and twisting devices
at a regulated speed, so that the twist may be uniform, a draft roll L is provided.
This draft roll is fitted to a shaft L', which receives the motion from the counter
shaft D through the intervention of the following mechanisin -The counter shaft D
is fitted with a belt pulley D³, and a corresponding belt pulley De is applied to an
intermediate shaft D7; the latter shaft is fitted with a pinion C, which engages
with a carrier wheel C³, that is fitted to turn freely upon the draft roll. shaft L',
and this carrier wheel is fitted with a stud to, which a long pinion Ct is applied, so
that this pinion is caused to travel round with the carrier wheel. The teeth of this
travelling pinion engage simultaneously in the teeth of two cog wheels C5, C6, the
one C5, secured to the draft roll shaft L', and the other cog wheel C" arranged
axially of that shaft, but held in a stationary position thereto. The numbers of
teeth in the stationary cog wheel C and in the draft roll cog wheel C5 are unequal,
the number of the teeth in the latter cog wheel being one the smaller; consequently
as the carrier wheel C³-revolves in the direction which is the reverse of that required
of the draft roll, the draft roll is caused to revolve in the required direction, but at
a very slow speed. The fixed and draft roll cog wheels, with the travelling pinion
thus constitute differential gearing, by which the draft roll is caused to turn with
the required speed to draw the thread through the doubling and twisting devices.
In order that the speed of draft may be varied according to the different amounts
of twist to the inch required in the various sizes and quality to be produced, the
pulleys D, De, of the countershaft D, and intermediate shaft D7, are reversed; cone
pulleys and adjustable belt guides D are provided to adjust the position of the
belt D10 on these cone pulleys. Each of these belt guides is fitted to slide upon a
rail D, to which it may be clamped by a set screw, so that the belt guides may
hold the belt in any position in which it may be adjusted.
In order that the draft roll may draw the thread the latter is passed several times
around the roll so as to produce sufficient surface contact therewith for the purpose.
As each turn of the draft roll produces a new coil of thread thereon toward one of

page_text: its heads, and delivers the last coil which is nearest the opposite head, the coils
tend to run along the barrel of the draft roll.
In order that this tendency may be prevented a coil guide M is provided. This
coil guide consists of a polished curved blade whose acting face is crosswise of the
axial line of the draft roll, and is slightly inclined thereto. The shank of this coil
guide is made fast to the frame of the machine, so that it cannot move; hence, as
the thread is coiled upon the draft roll it enters between the last coil and the face
of the coil guide, and consequently the coils of thread upon the draft roll are pro-
gressively pushed. along its barrel by the contact of the coil that is being formed
with the inclined surface of the coil guide.
The thread delivered from the draft roll is at once reeled into skeins and formed
into banks. For this purpose a reel N is mounted upon the frame of the machine,
and a traverser O is provided to distribute the thread upon the reel. The reel is
driven from the draft roll shaft L' by means of a pulley O', a band O2, and a second
pulley 03, secured to the shaft of the reel.
In order that the thread may be wound properly, and also that there may be
sufficient strain upon the thread to keep it tight enough on the draft roll to cause
it to be drawn thereby the relative diameters of the pulleys 01, 0³, are so pro-
portioned that the speed of the periphery of the reel N would be about forty per
cent. faster than that of the periphery of the draft roll. Hence the reel is con-
tinually pulling the thread; but as the reel is driven by the frictional contact of
the band O2 with its pulleys 01, 0³, and as the band can slip upon its pulleys, the
pulling strain is merely sufficient to keep the thread' taut.
While the thread is being wound upon the reel it is traversed thereon so as to be
laid properly by means of the traverser O, which is fitted with a guide o, through
which the thread passes. This traverser is constructed to slide in guides o¹, and is
moved to and fro for the purpose of distributing the thread in the skein by means
of a heart-formed cam m, in the groove of which a friction wheel or truck, pivoted
to the under side of the traverser, is fitted. This heart cam m is fitted to the upper
end of an upright shaft m', which is driven from the draft roll shaft through the
intervention of the screw m², the, worm wheel m³, the shaft m', the screw m³, and
the worm wheel m®.
In order that several skeins may be wound upon the reel separately from each
other the traverse bar O is shifted along the reel so that the guide o will traverse
opposite different portions thereof, and will shift the yarn from one of such portions
to another, thus dividing the mass of thread into several skeins. This shifting is
done by means of a weight P, which is connected with the traverse bar by means
of a cord that is passed over a pulley p', and is secured to the traverse bar, so
that the weight tends constantly to move the traverse bar in the direction of the
arrow p², Figure 2.
In
The traverse bar is constructed in two parts, 23, 24, which are connected with
each other by means of a latch or spring bolt p, Figure 6 upon one part p*, operating
in connection with as many recesses 2", Figure 6, on the other part, as there are
skeins to be wound upon the reel N, the pitch of the said recesses being the same as
the distance from the centre of one skein to the centre of the next on the reel.
the present case the machine is adapted to wind the thread in three skeins, hence
there are three recesses 26. When the machine is started the guide part 3 of the
traverse bar is pushed in the reverse of the direction indicated by the arrow p² until
the innermost recess is engaged with the latch. As soon as one skein is wound upon
the left-hand side of the reel the latch is depressed to free the guide part of the
traverse bar and permit the weight to shift it until the end of the latch strikes into
the central recess, thus shifting the thread guide to the central part of the reel.
When the second or central skein has been wound the latch is depressed a second
time, and the weight is permitted to shift the guide part of the traverse bar until
the end of the latch strikes into the last recess, thus shifting the thread guide to the
right-hand side of the reel, where the third skein is wound.
In order that the latch may be operated automatically, and after a predetermined

page_text: number of yards of thread have been wound in each skein the latch is fitted with a
projection p', which is acted upon at the proper time by cams or latch dogs a, a',
Figures 8 and 9, that are carried by the dog carrier R. This dog carrier R is.
caused to revolve by being connected with the traverse shaft m' by means of a screw
on the said shaft, and a worm wheel 2 formed upon the rim of the dog carrier R.
The revolution of the dog carrier causes the dogs to strike and operate the traverser
latch. As the latch in the present instance has to be operated twice for the winding
of three skeins, two latch dogs are provided. After the three skeins have been reeled
the machine is stopped, the three skeins are tied separately and are removed from
the reel. If the thread is not cut between the skeins the three remain connected,
constituting a bank of three skeins, in which case the three should be tied together
after having been tied separately.
It is desirable that the machine should wind a specific predetermined number of
yards in a hank of skeins. In order that this may be effected automatically the dog
carrier R is fitted at its rear side with a stop dog e, Figure 7, which is fitted to
operate either upon a stop motion (for disconnecting the driving shaft D' from the
line shafting of the factory) or upon a bell to notify the attendant; or it may be
arranged to operate upon the friction clutch E of the counter shaft. In the present
example the stop dog is fitted to operate the lever hammer of a bell S whenever the
stop dog arrives at the proper position for the purpose. As the screw gear for
driving the dog carrier causes the latter to revolve very slowly, it is never called
upon to make a single revolution for a complete hank of three skeins of thread,
consequently when a hank has been reeled the dog carrier must be turned by hand
to set the dogs in their starting positions before a new hank is wound.
In order that the dog carrier may be turned by hand it is fitted to slide endwise
upon its shaft, and it is held in a forward position with the teeth of its worm
wheel in gear with the screw 71 by means of a removable holder .. When this
holder is withdrawn the dog carrier may be moved backward on its shaft so as to
disengage the teeth of the worm wheel 2 from the screw. After this the dog carrier
may be turned by hand to reset the dogs at their starting positions.
When the
dogs have been so reset the dog carrier is moved forward on its shaft to re-engage
the driving gear, and the holder is re-inserted to hold the parts in gear.
As the dog carrier is driven from the shaft L' of the draft roll L, each revolution
of the dog carrier corresponds with a specific number of revolution of the draft
roll, and if the diameter of the draft roll be such as to deliver a certain fraction of a
yard of thread at each revolution, the movement of the dog carrier will indicate the.
number of yards of thread reeled in a hank.
In order that the attendant may be able to set the dog carrier in a position to reel
a predetermined number of yards in a hank, and to vary the sizes of the banks, the
rim of the dog carrier is divided into divisions corresponding with a specific number
of yards delivered by the draft roll and wound upon the reel. These divisions 8
are numbered (as seen in Figure 9) from the one that corresponds with the position
of the dog carrier at the time the stop dog e operates, moreover an index b is fitted
to the periphery of the dog carrier, and a stop b' is fixed upon the machine in such
a position that the index can be brought in contact with it when the dog. carrier is
turned by hand to reset the dogs. The index b is connected with the dog carrier
by means of a screw and a clamp block. The latter is fitted into a dovetailed
groove 63 made in the barrel of the dog carrier, and the screw holds the index to
the clamp block. The slacking of the screw loosens the index so that it may be set
to the division of the numbering, corresponding with the number of yards in the
hank, and the tightening of the screw secures the index to its place. When there-
fore a complete hank has been wound the attendant can readily reset the dogs for
winding a new hank of the same size by turning the dog carrier by hand until the
index b is placed in contact with the index stop b¹. The divided and numbered
barrel of the dog carrier thus becomes a counting device for counting the number of
yards that are reeled. For convenience the shank of the index stop is pivoted to its
support, so that it may be turned out of the way of the index when necessary.
}

page_text: In order that the hank may be divided into three skeins of equal size, notwith-
standing the greater or less number of yards reeled in the hank, the traverse latch
dogs a, a, are made adjustable upon the face of the dog carrier R, and this face is
divided into divisions which are numbered, as seen in Figure 8, thus forming a dial
V. When therefore the attendant changes the position of the index b in order to
change the number of yards to be wound in a bank, he also changes the positions of
the traverse latch dogs a, a', to the numbered divisions of the dial V, corresponding
respectively with one-third and two-thirds of the number at which the index is set
so as to divide the hank into equal parts.
In the operation of the machine it sometimes becomes necessary to piece yarns
which are broken, or to piece the yarn from new cops to those from emptied cops, and
in such cases it may be expedient to twist the thread without drawing it forward
until the portion in which the piecing occurs is sufficiently twisted. In order that
the drawing of the thread through the machine may be intermitted when necessary
the stationary or dead wheel C is not secured permanently in its place, but it is.
constructed to turn upon the shaft L. Moreover the rear face of the wheel is fitted
with clutch teeth, and a latch w is provided to engage with the said teeth, the
latch being pivoted in this instance to the box of the draft wheel shaft. As long
as the latch w is engaged with the clutch teeth of the stationary wheel Cº that
wheel remains stationary, and consequently the draft roll L is caused to revolve
and draw the cord as it is twisted. When the drawing is to be intermitted the
latch wis disengaged from the clutch teeth of the stationary wheel, leaving it free.
to turn, consequently the draft roll is no longer driven, its motion being for the
time intermitted; the reel, traverser, and counting mechanism also which in the
present case receive motion through the intervention of the differential gear cease
to move or have their motion intermitted. The movement of the above mentioned
parts is recommenced when the latch is re-engaged by the operator with the clutch
teeth of the stationary wheel by the action of the attendant.
1
As the spindles of the machine run at a high speed, it is important that they bo
thoroughly lubricated, so that they may not heat. In order that this result may be
attained, an oil reservoir is provided for each fast running journal, and the journal
is constructed with a screw-formed or helical groove (see Figures 4ª, 11, and 12) in
its periphery, so that the revolution of the journal tends to screw the oil from the
reservoir along the journal, and thus feed the entire length of the journal with the
lubricating material. In the case of the upper journals c, c¹, Figure 4, of the
spindles B, F, which are vertical, the oil reservoir d is of annular form, and is con-
structed at the head of the spindle; and as this reservoir causes an enlargement of
the spindle, which would prevent it from being introduced and withdrawn through
a solid box, the eye of the arm which sustains the upper end of the spindle is made
large enough for the head of the journal to pass through it, and is fitted with a
ring, box, or bush d.. The employment of this bush is advantageous in another
respect, as it may be readily withdrawn and replaced by another when worn.
the case of the lower journals c2, 3, of the spindles B, F, F, F, the oil reservoir d²
is formed upon the spindle pinions C and f, and the bearings are fitted with
bushes d³. At the upper end of each upright journal there is a receiving reservoir d
to receive any surplus of oil, and hold it until it flows down between the journal
and its bearings or bush. The intermediate pinions f2 revolve upon their studs,
and the latter are constructed with helical grooves (see Figure 11) to which the oil
is supplied by an oil hole at the upper end of the stud. In this case the revolution
of the hub of the pinion upon the grooved stud tends to move the oil upward.
In
In the case of the horizontal journal 5 of the shaft D, the helical oil feed groove
is made in two sections right and left handed, (as seen in Figure 12), so that the
oil is conveyed or fed from each end of the journal toward its middle. The said
journal contains at each of its ends a circular formed recessed groove around its
periphery, preventing the escape of the lubricating oil from the ends of the journal
and the stationary box, which has a circular formed recessed groove de in its bottom,
directly under the said journal, extending nearly the entire length of the said

page_text: journal and box, to receive the converged oil from a central groove formed around
the periphery of the journal, and transmit it end wise towards the ends of the
box and journal. Thus, is maintained a uniformn movement of the lubricating oil
universally lubricating the journal and box without any loss of oil. The lower end
of the spindles F, F, F, are stepped upon hardened disks n, Figure 4ª, which are
inserted in oil reservoirs in the brackets n', which support the spindles.
In order that the yarn tubes may be readily supplied with cops, and that the
empty cop spindles may be withdrawn from them, the tube caps or covers and
twisting head of each secondary spindle are not fixed permanently to it, but are
fitted to a sleeve h, Figures 2 and 4, which is constructed to slide up and down
upon the spindles, so that the caps may be raised from the heads of the tubes, and
are driven by a driving pin s¹ acting upon a tooth of the sleeve h. The tubes also are
not secured permanently to their spindle, but are connected with it by a sleeve h¹
and driving pins 83, 82, Figure 4ª, so that the tubes with their base G¹ may be
turned forward upon the spindle after the caps are raised, for the purpose of moving
tubes from beneath their caps, and thus exposing the cops within them.
In order that the twisting head and tube caps may be raised, the strand channel
above them is constructed in two sections, the lower t, of which, is fitted to tip upon
a pivot as represented at Figures 2, 3, and 4. When the section is so tipped, space
is afforded for the upward movement of the twisting head of the secondary spindle,
and when the section t of the strand guide is in its proper position for operating, it
is secured there by a pin t', Figure 4.
In order that the movement of the yarn tubes from beneath their caps may be
permitted without moving every part of the machine, the tubes are driven from the
spindles through the intervention of the driving pins or teeth s³, 82, which occupy
only a part of the circumference of a circle, so that space is afforded for turning
the tubes forward without turning the spindle F.
In order that the main spindle B may be turned in like manner, the beveled
driving wheel C¹ is not secured permanently to its shaft D, but is fitted to turn
upon that shaft, and is connected with it through the intervention of a clutch Q,
having teeth 84, 85, (see Figures 2, 2a), which occupy only a portion of the circum-
ference of a circle, so that the clutch tooth upon the wheel C' may be turned
forward a portion of a revolution before the back edges of the clutch teeth come in
contact. This turning of the wheel with its clutch tooth permits a corresponding
turning of the main spindle without a movement of the counter shaft D, or of the
draft roll, counting, and reeling mechanisms. Hence the main spindle may be
turned in a forward direction for the purpose of placing each secondary spindle at
the front of the machine in a convenient position for the attendant, without effecting
the draft roll, reeling, and counting mechanisms.
In the practical construction of the machine the following proportional sizes and
speeds of the different parts have given good results-The main spindle B has been
caused to revolve or run from sixteen and fifty-nine hundredths revolutions for each
inch in length of thread produced for coarse thread, to fifty or more for fine thread.
The secondary spindles F run at a speed of one hundred and eleven, and eleven
one hundredths per cent. faster than the main spindle, but in reverse direction. The
stationary or dead central wheel ƒ has fifty-seven teeth, and the spindle wheels
fff have twenty-seven teeth. There is however provided a dead central
wheel of sixty teeth and another of fifty-four teeth. When the former is used, the
speed of the secondary spindles is one hundred and twenty-two, and twenty-two
hundredths per cent. faster than that of the main spindle; and when the wheel of
fifty-four teeth is used, the speed of the secondary spindles is one hundred per cent.
faster than the main spindle. Dead gears and the gears on the secondary spindles
being of the same number of teeth, would impart the same speed to all of the
spindles. The beveled wheels C, C', have thirty and seventy-two teeth respectively.
The wheels C2, C3, between the upper cone pulley D and the shaft L¹ have thirty-
one and ninety-three teeth respectively. The stationary wheel Co of the differential
gear has forty-six teeth, and the draft roll wheel C has forty-five teeth. The worm

page_text: wheels m³, me, have each twenty teeth. The horizontal worm 1 is double threaded,
and the worm wheel has one hundred and fifty teeth. The draft roll delivers a
quarter of a yard of thread for each revolution, and a complete revolution of the
count-wheel R corresponds with seven thousand five hundred yards of thread
wound by the reel.
Although the above speeds and proportions give good results, the Invention is
In vention
not restricted to them, as changes may be made to suit the views of particular
manufacturers, or the peculiarities of the work to be produced.
If the yarn to be manufactured into thread is wound upon bobbins, spindles, or
other yarn holders, suitable for holding, bobbins should be used in place of the yarn
tubes, and such holders would be substitutes or equivalents- for the tubes in the
combinations of which they form members. It is preferred, however, to employ
tubes or some other form of casing to inclose the yarn, as a casing protects the yarn
from the action of the atmosphere.
In the foregoing description the yarn is described as spun left handed, the
secondary spindles as being caused to revolve left handed, and the main spindle as
being caused to revolve right handed.
'
If the yarn be originally spun right handed, then the directions of revolution of
the spindles should be respectively reversed, as it is desirable that the first twist
after doubling should be in the same direction as that in which the yarn is spun,
and that the second twisting should be counter to the first.
In the foregoing description the bank is described as composed of three skeins.
As a general rule the length of thread in the hank may be such as can be formed
by the contents of a set of bobbins or cops; but this length may be varied as found
expedient.
In place of moving the traverser with its guide along the reel, the reel itself may
be connected with the traverser, so as to traverse past a stationary guide. The
reel also may be shifted to place different portions of it opposite the guide, but this
modification of my machine is not recommended. So also the draft roll may be
dispensed with if the reel be driven by gearing, so that it will operate to draw the
thread along at a definite speed, but as in such case the thread would be reeled
very tightly, this modification of the machine is not recommended.
In place of using a single draft roll and coiling the thread upon it the thread
may be passed between two draft rolls, the one elastic and pressed toward the other
with a yielding pressure, so that the thread may be gripped between the two.
In some cases the tension device may be constructed so as to both apply tension
to the yarn or to the strand, and also to support the yarn or strand in its movement
to the twisting head of the spindle; and in such case the yarn channels or the
thread channels may be dispensed with, the tension device or devices being
supported by a stock or holder which is not a channel. It is preferred, however, to
employ both the yarn channels, as the sides of these channels perform an important
office in protecting the yarns and strands from the action of the atmosphere when
the machine is in operation.
When the machine is to be used the yarn tubes G are charged with full cops of
yarn. The yarn from each cop is conducted through the slot of the tube cap and
up the yarn channel to the twisting head of the spindle. Each yarn is applied to
the tension pins of the yarn channel, and is passed between the tension springs.
The doubled yarns from the twisting heads of the spindle are conducted up the
strand channels to the twisting head of the main spindle, and are applied in the
strand channels to the tension pins thereof. From the twisting head of the main
spindle the united yarns are passed through the cord guide and conducted to the
draft roll. After being coiled upon the draft roll the united yarns are attached to
the reel. The draft roll latch w, having been disengaged so as to prevent the draft
of yarns, the spindles are put in motion by throwing the clutch E into gear, and
twisting proceeds until the portions of the yarns between the draft roll and the
cops are twisted to the required extent; then the draft roll reeling and counting
mechanisms are thrown into gear by engaging the draft roll latch w with the clutch

page_text: teeth of the stationary wheel C. The work then proceeds regularly, the thread
being drawn from the twisting head of the main spindle as fast as it is twisted, the-
strands moving forward to form the thread, and the yarns delivering from the cops
in the yarn tubes or holders to form the strands.
The yarns for the thread are, by preference, spun left handed, and as the cops in
the cop tubes are carried in a left handed direction around the secondary spindles
the yarns of the cop tubes carried by each secondary spindle are not only twisted
into a strand but receive additional twist from the well-known fact that the
twisting of two or more yarns together causes the additional twisting of each yarn
before it unites with the others. Moreover, inasmuch as each yarn is drawn from,
the cop endwise thereof (toward the guide slot in the tube cap), and inasmuch as
the cops do not revolve to unwind the yarns, each yarn in uncoiling receives an
additional or preliminary twist, one turn for each coil drawn endwise from the cop,"
such preliminary twist being additional to that possessed by it when placed in the
machine. This preliminary twist tends to condense and harden the yarn previous
to its formation into the strands. The secondary spindles revolve left handed, so
that each strand is twisted left handed previous to its formation into thread. The
main spindle revolves right handed, so that the thread produced is twisted right
handed or counter-twisted as compared with the first twisting, and each revolution
of the main, spindle extracts one twist from the doubled strands, and also from
each yarn.
From these operations it results that the thread or cord remains straight, and
does not tend to kink when taken from the reel. If the fifty-four tooth dead
central wheel be used the ultimate twist of the yarn in the thread remains the same
as it was originally. If the fifty-seven or sixty toothed wheel be used the thread
retains an increase of twist as compared with the twist its yarns had when applied
to the machine.
From the foregoing description it will be perceived that the yarn is doubled,
twisted into strands, redoubled, counter-twisted into thread, reeled into skeins, and
put into hanks of skeins, by a continuous process as distinguished from the separate
operations heretofore employed.
1
The machine is adapted to the production of thread in the hank from two to six
yarns, both inclusive, according to the number of the tubes or yarn holders which
are charged with yarn.
If a thread composed of a larger number of yarns than six is required the
machine must be constructed with an additional number of tubes or yarn holders,
unless the yarns charged in to the tubes be doubled and twisted by a preliminary
operation.
As regards these improvements in the art of manufacturing thread from yarn I
claim as novel only the peculiar mode of precodure set forth, being aware that other
modes in some respects similar are well known in the art.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that'
what I claim is,-
First. The improvement in the art of manufacturing thread and cordage from
yarns of the continuous compound twistings and doublings, and twisting of the
yarns into strands in the same directions as the yarns were twisted when spun,
redoubling and counter-twisting of the material, as before described.
Second. The improvement in the art of manufacturing thread and cordage from
yarns consisting of the compound, continuous, preliminary, and increased twistings
of the single yarns in the same direction as the twist given it when spun (previous
to the first doublings), the doubling and twisting of the yarns into strands same
handed as the twist put in when the yarn was spun, substantially as before set forth.
Third. The improvement in the art of manufacturing thread and cordage from
yarns consisting of the compound, continuous, preliminary, and increased twistings
of the single yarns (previous to their first doublings), the doublings, twistings,
redoubling, and counter-twisting of the material, substantially as before set forth.

page_text: i
Fourth. The improvement in the art of manufacturing thread and cordage from
yarns in the skein, consisting of the compound continuous yarn twistings, doublings,
strands, twistings, redoubling, counter-twisting, and reeling of the same, substan-
tially as before set forth.
Fifth. The improvement in the art of manufacturing thread and cordage from
yarns into the hank, consisting of the continuous compound twisting of the single
yarns, doublings, twisting of the strands, redoubling, counter-twisting, reeling, and
division of the reeled material, substantially as before set forth.
Sixth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes, yarn
channels, secondary spindles, and the twisting heads of said spindles.
Seventh. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
yarn tension devices, secondary spindles, and the twisting heads of said spindles.
Eighth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes, the
yarn tension devices, the secondary spindles, the twisting heads thereof, and the
main spindle.
Ninth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes, the
secondary spindles, the strand channels, the main spindle, and the twisting head of
said main spindle.
Tenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes, the
secondary spindles, the strands tension devices, the main spindle, and the twisting
head of said main spindle.
Eleventh. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the yarns, tension devices, the secondary spindles, the twisting beads thereof, the
strands, tension devices, the main spindle, and the twisting head thereof.
Twelfth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, and the adjustable thread and cordage
guide, through which the thread or cordage is delivered as it leaves the top end of
the said main spindle.
Thirteenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the draft roll, and coil guide for said
draft roll.
Fourteenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the draft roll, the coil guide, and the reel.
Fifteenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the draft roll, the reel, and the traverser.
Sixteenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the draught roll, the reel, the traverser,
and the shifting mechanism for shifting the traverser relatively to the reel.
Seventeenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn
tubes, the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the reel, and the counting device,
counting the number of, yards reeled.
Eighteenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the reel, the counting device, and the
stop dog.
Nineteenth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the reel, the counting wheel, the index,
and the index stop.
Twentieth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn tubes,
the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the reel, the traverser latch dogs, and the
traverser.
Twenty-first. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn
tubes, the secondary spindles, the main spindle, the reel, the counting device, the
stop dog, the adjustable traverse latch dogs, and the dial.
Twenty-second. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the reel,
the traverser, the counting device, the stop dog, the traverse latch dogs, and
the dial.
Twenty-third. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the counting

page_text: device, the index, the index dog, the wheels for transmitting motion to the counting
device, and the movable holder for holding the counting device in gear and
permitting it to be thrown out of gear for resetting.
Twenty-fourth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the yarn
tubes, the moveable caps thereof, the twisting heads of the secondary spindles, and
the moveable.sections of the strand channels.
Twenty-fifth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the secondary
spindles, the yarn tubes, and the driving pins, which permits each set of the yarn
tubes to be turned forward without turning the spindles they are mounted on.
Twenty-sixth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the main
spindle, the countershaft for imparting motion to it, and the clutch teeth, which
permits the main spindle to be turned forward without turning the shaft.
Twenty-seventh. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the
secondary spindles, the main spindle, the countershaft, the driving cone thereon, the
driven cone and shaft therein, the cone belt, which is adjustable endwise on said
cones, enabling the driven cone to be run at predetermined velocities, communi-
cating the same through the connecting gearing to the draft roll, reel traverser, and
measuring devices; enabling the main spindle and secondary spindles to put in
any desired number of turns of twists to the inch in the thread strands and single
yarns.
Twenty-eighth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the main
spindle, the draught roll, and the clutch teeth and latch, whereby the movement of
the draft roll may be intermitted, while the main spindle and the secondary
spindles continue to twist the thread, strands, and single yarns.
Twenty-ninth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the main
spindle, the reel, the differential gear through which a slow motion is transmitted to
the reel, and the clutch teeth and latch whereby the movement of the reel can be
intermitted, while the main spindle and the secondary spindles continue to twist
the thread, strands, and single yarns.
Thirtieth. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the oil reservoir
and the vertical revolving journal constructed with the helical oil feed groove.
Thirty-first. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the oil reservoir,
the vertical revolving journal constructed with the helical oil feed groove, and the
receiving reservoir.
Thirty-second. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the horizontal
revolving journal, the right and left handed converging helical oil feed grooves
formed thereon, the two end and central grooves formed directly around the
periphery of the said journal, and the circular recessed groove running lengthwise
nearly from end to end of the box the said journal revolves in; said helical grooves
contract the lubricating oil from the ends of the journal, while the groove in the
box permits it to flow from the centre to the ends; thus the oil has a counter
constant flowage to and from the centre of the journal and box when running,
maintaining an equal lubrication without any loss of oil.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)