Improvements in or connected with the Raising and Forcing of Sewage and other like Liquids.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Aug., 1890-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
Improvements in or connected with the Raising and Forcing of
Sewage and other like Liquids.
I, ISAAC SHONE, of Great George Street Chambers, Parliament Square, in
the County of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said invention to be as follows:-
This invention has chiefly reference to that system or those systems of operating
upon sewage, or other liquid, or forcing it, in which compressed air is used as
the motor fluid for forcing it; for example, the invention has reference to the
systems and apparatus described in the Specification of my prior Patent
No. 352478 and that of the Patent granted jointly to myself and E. Ault No.
164538 I will however for convenience confine the description of the pre-
sent invention to the operation upon and forcing of sewage.
According to the present invention, sewage is collected alternately and dis-
charged alternately from two ejectors (of the kind referred to or described in
said former Specifications of Patents), or two sets of ejectors; that is to say,
the system or mode of collecting and discharging sewage in and by a plurality
of ejectors, is an alternating one; and the operation of the ejectors, or sets of
ejectors, is so controlled that whilst one ejector is having its contents discharged
by compressed air, the contents of the other will under no circumstances be
ejected until the discharge of the first is complete; but that when such dis-
charge is complete and the other ejector or sets of ejectors are full and ready
for discharging, then their discharge will follow automatically and instantly.
The means by which this alternating system is effected, consists in the employ-
ment of certain valves in conjunction with the valve which controls the supply
and discharge of air to and from the ejectors, and by which the compressed air
of said ejector controlling valves is self controlled or governed: the former valve
I will, throughout this Specification, term the alternating valve, and the latter
the ejector valve.
The alternating valves are provided with cylinders and pistons, the cylinder
of one of said valves, of say No. 1 ejector, communicating with the interior of
the second ejector, and whilst the interior of the cylinder of said alternating valve
of the second ejector communicates with the interior of the first ejector, that is
to say, the interiors of said valve cylinders of No. 1 and No. 2 ejectors are
respectively in communication with the interior of the ejectors Nos. 2 and 1, that
is, with the ejectors to which they do not belong.
The mode of operation, therefore, is, that whatever pressure exists in No. 2
ejector, will also exist in the alternating valve cylinder of No. 1 ejector; and
vice-versa with respect to No. 2.
These valves are made to operate independently of the ejector valves, or
they may be arranged to operate in connection with the ejector valves, directly.
In the former case the valve may be arranged merely as an alternating one, or
as an alternating and stop valve combined; or, also, as an alternating and
reducing and stop valve combined; or, as an alternating and reducing one only.
If the alternating valve be merely the combined alternating and stop one,

page_text: then a spring is used in connection with the piston of the cylinder of said
valve, and to act in conjunction with the air pressure from the opposite ejector
and against the inflow and pressure of air from the air supply pipe or main
through said valve, and in such a manner, that when the pressure, say of No..2
ejector, is acting upon the valve piston of No. 1 ejector whilst No. 2 ejector is
in the operation of discharging, the pressure of air together with that of the
said spring upon the piston, prevents the valve in connection with it from
being raised or moved, so that the compressed air from the air main is pre-
vented from entering the ejector valve in connection with which it (said alternat-
ing valve) is used. When however the pressure of air from the piston is removed
by the completion of the discharge of the other ejector, the pressure of air in
the main acting upon the alternating valve, raises or moves it, and allows air
to flow to its ejector valve. This arrangement and construction of valve is
more suitable for use in connection with systems in which the supply of com-
pressed air is a fairly constant one.
According to another arrangement of this type of valve--that is, a combined
alternating and reducing one-particularly suitable for systems in which the
pressure of air for operating upon the sewage in the supply main from which
such air is drawn, is a variable one, a second piston and cylinder may be used
in connection with the valve and so disposed that the pressure upon the valve
and the second piston act in opposite directions or in such a manner that the
valve is put in, or nearly in, equilibrium; but against this latter piston and
against the pressure of air, I use a spring, which acts in such a manner as to
render negative a certain pressure upon the piston. The other cylinder is con-
nected and operates as above described, but without the spring. In this example
the operation is, that when the pressure in the valve cylinder of No. 1 ejector con-
nected with the second ejector, acts-upon-its-piston,-that-pressure will be greater
than the pressure of the spring acting against it on the reducing piston, and
consequently the valve will be kept upon its seat, and no air will flow towards
its ejector valve No. 1; when, however, the pressure in ejector No. 2 is released,
and with it the pressure in the valve cylinder of ejector No. 1, connected with
it, the spring acting upon the reducing piston will raise the valve and allow air
to flow to the ejector valve (of No. 1) connected with it: the pressure of air so
supplied will depend and be in accordance with the degree of tension or compres
sion, as the case may be, put upon or exerted by the said spring; and this is
adjustable.
Both of the above types of valves may be provided with a screw down spindle
or its equivalent by which they may be kept upon their seats or closed, and
so serve as stop valves.
The type of ejector valve which I prefer to use, is a piston one, whose actua-
tion is effected by the compressed air used for forcing the liquid, the supply and
discharge thereof being controlled again by, say, a small slide valve operated by
floaters in the manner described in the above cited Patents. The alternating
valve by which the control of air to the ejector valves is directly effected may be
conveniently described as combined with the type of ejector valve just referred
to and in such a case the alternating gear would act directly in connection
with a lever or other means, by which the slide valve which controls air to
operate the piston ejector valve is controlled. In such a case the ejector valve
or the casing thereof, will be provided with an alternating gear, consisting of a
cylinder, piston and spring, the interior of the cylinders being in alternate or
cross communication with their respective ejectors, as above described with
reference to the other valves. These pistons may have a piston rod or other
device, which acts in connection with the ejector valve slide valve lever, in such a
manner, that accordingly as the pressure on the opposite sides of the alternating
valve gear piston varies, so this piston rod or its equivalent will be in or out of
gear with said slide valve lever, and hold it in one position or the other, that is,
open or shut. By this means when, say No. 2 ejector has just been discharged

page_text: The alternating valves are provided with cylinders and pistons, the cylinder
of one of said valves, of say No. 1 ejector, communicating with the interior of
the second ejector, whilst the interior of the cylinder of said alternating valve
of the second ejector communicates with the interior of the first ejector, that is
to say, the interiors of said valve cylinders of No. 1 and No. 2 ejectors are
respectively in communication with the interior of the ejectors Nos. 2 and 1, that
is, with the ejectors to which they do not belong.
The mode of operation, therefore, is, that whatever pressure exists in No. 2
ejector, will also exist in the alternating valve cylinder of No. 1 ejector; and
vice-rers with respect to No 2.
These valves are made to operate independently of the ejector valves, or
they may be arranged to operate in connection with the ejector valves, directly.
In the former case the valves may be arranged merely as alternating ones, or
as an alternating and stop valve combined; or, also, as an alternating and
reducing and stop valve combined or as an alternating and reducing one only.
If the alternating valve be merely the combined alternating and stop one,
then a spring is used in connection with the piston of the cylinder of said
valve, and to act in conjunction with the air pressure from the opposite ejector
and against the inflow and pressure of air from the air supply pipe or main
through said valve, and in such a manner, that when the pressure, say of No. 2
ejector, is acting upon the valve piston of No. 1 ejector whilst No. 2 ejector is
in the operation of discharging, the pressure of air together with that of the
said spring upon the piston, prevents the valve in connection with it from
being raised or moved, so that the compressed air from the air main is pre-
vented from entering the ejector valve in connection with which it (said alternat-
ing valve) is used. When however the pressure of air from the piston is removed
by the completion of the discharge of the other ejector, the pressure of air in
the main acting upon the alternating valve, raises or moves it, and allows air
to flow to its ejecior valve. This arrangement and construction of valve is
more suitable for use in connection with systems in which the supply of com-
pressed air is a fairly constant one.
According to another arrangement of this type of valve-that is, a combined
alternating and reducing one-particularly suitable for systems in which the
pressure of air for operating upon the sewage in the supply main from which
such air is drawn, is a variable one, a second piston and cylinder may be used
in connection with the valve and so disposed that the pressure upon the valve
and the second piston acts in opposite directions or in such a manner that the
valve is put in, or nearly in, equilibrium; but against this latter piston and
against the pressure of air, I use a spring, which acts in such a manner as to
render negative a certain pressure upon the piston. The other cylinder is con-
nected and operates as above described, but without the spring. In this example
the operation is, that when the pressure in the valve cylinder of No. 1 ejector, con-
nected with the second ejector, acts upon its piston, that pressure will be greater
than the pressure of the spring acting against it on the reducing piston, and
consequently the valve will be kept upon its seat, and no air will flow towards
its ejector valve No. 1; when, however, the pressure in ejector No. 2 is released,
and with it the pressure in the valve cylinder of ejector No. 1 connected with
it, the spring acting upon the reducing piston will raise the valve and allow air
to flow to the ejector valve (of No. 1) connected with it: the pressure of air so
supplied will depend and be in accordance with the degree of tension or compres-
sion, as the case may be, put upon or exerted by the said spring; and this is
adjustable.
Both of the above types of valves may be provided with a screwdown spindle,
or its equivalent, by which they may be kept upon their seats, or closed, and
so serve as stop valves.
The type of ejector valve which I prefer to use, is a piston one, whose actua-

page_text: and the pressure of air released therefrom, the pressure of compressed air in
ejector air valve casing No. 1 will act upon its piston and release the slide valve
lever, so that this lever and its operating gear or means may take effect if or as
soon as its ejector is full (in the manner as set forth in the above cited Specifica-
tion) but during the discharge of No. 2 ejector the pressure of the opposite
side of said piston is the same as that of the air in the ejector No. 2 and this
pressure together with that exerted by the spring thereon, will cause this said
piston to move or operate in the opposite direction and lock the slide valve, gear
in position, i.e., the position in which air is cut off from the ejector piston valve.
To keep the above alternating valve or valve gear pistons tight against their
cylinders, suitable cup leathers may be employed.
By any of these arrangements or constructions of valves and gear perfect con-
trol as to the alternation of the operation of discharge of the ejectors may be
effected; or, as above stated an equivalent control may be obtained by their
use in connection with a plurality of sets of ejectors in like manner.
Suitable cocks or valves on the various conduits or communication pipes,
above specified or referred to, may be employed, wherever it may be deemed
desirable or necessary; and also, it is to be stated, various modifications of con-
struction and arrangement of the valves or gear hereinbefore specified, may be
used; also the mode of controlling the alternating action of forcing apparatus
of the nature specified may be applied to, or used in connection with, other like
or equivalent. fluid forcing apparatus.
Improvements in or connected with the Raising and Forcing of
Sewage and other like Liquids.
I, ISAAC SHONE, of Great George Street Chambers, Parliament Square, in
the County of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
This invention has chiefly reference to that system or those systems of operating
upon sewage, or other liquid, or forcing it, in which compressed air is used as
the motor fluid for forcing it; for example, the invention has reference to the
systems and apparatus described in the Specification of my prior Patent
No. 3,52478; and that of the Patent granted jointly to myself and E. Ault No.
16,453 I will however for convenience confine the description of the pre-
sent invention to the operation upon and forcing of sewage.
According to the present invention, sewage is collected alternately and dis-
charged alternately from two ejectors (of the kind referred to or described in
said former Specifications of Patents), or two sets of ejectors; that is to say,
the system or mode of collecting and discharging sewage in and by a plurality
of ejectors, is an alternating one; and the operation of the ejectors, or sets of
ejectors, is so controlled that whilst one ejector is having its contents discharged
by compressed air, the contents of the other will under no circumstances be
ejected until the discharge of the first is complete; but that when such dis-
charge is complete and the other ejector or sets of ejectors are full and ready
for discharging, then their discharge will follow automatically and instantly.
The means by which this alternating system is effected consists in the employ-
ment of certain valves in conjunction with the valve which controls the supply
and discharge of air to and from the ejectors, and by which the compressed air
of said ejector controlling valves is self-controlled or governed: the former valve
I will, throughout this Specification, term the alternating valve and the latter
the ejector valve,

page_text: tion is effected by the compressed air used for forcing the liquid, the supply and
discharge thereof being controlled again by, say, a small slide valve operated by
floaters in the manner described in the above cited Patents. The alternating
valve by which the control of air to the ejector valves is directly effected may be
conveniently described as combined with the type of ejector valve just referred
to and in such a case the alternating gear would act directly in connection
with a lever or other means, by which the slide valve which controls air to
operate the piston ejector valve is controlled. In such a case the ejector valve,
or the casing thereof, will be provided with an alternating gear, consisting of a
cylinder, piston and spring, the interior of the cylinders being in alternate or
cross communication with their respective ejectors, as above described with
reference to the other valves. These pistons may have a piston rod or other
device, which acts in connection with the ejector valve slide valve lever, in such a
manner, that accordingly as the pressure on the opposite sides of the alternating
valve gear piston varies, so this piston rod or its equivalent will be in or out of
gear with said slide valve lever, and hold it in one position or the other, that is,
open or shut. By this means when say No. 2 ejector has just been discharged
and the pressure of air released therefrom, the pressure of compressed air in
ejector air valve casing No. 1 will act upon its piston and release the slide valve
lever, so that this lever and its operating gear or means may take effect if or as
soon as its ejector is full (in the manner as set forth in the above cited Specifica-
tions); but during the discharge of No. 2 ejector the pressure on the opposite
side of said piston is the same as that of the air in the ejector No. 2 and this
pressure together with that exerted by the spring thereon, will cause this said
piston to move or operate in the opposite direction and lock the slide valve gear
in position, i.e., the position in which air is cut off from the ejector piston valve.
To keep the above alternating valve or valve gear pistons tight against their
cylinders, suitable cup leathers may be employed.
By any of these arrangements or constructions of valves and gear, perfect
control as to the alternation of the operation of discharge of the ejectors may be
effected; or, as above stated an equivalent control may be obtained by their use
in connection with a plurality of sets of ejectors in like manner.
Having thus specified generally the nature, object, and effects of my invention,
its description will now be proceeded with in reference to the annexed sheets of
drawings (which make a part of this Specification), by way of explaining more
fully the said nature, objects and effects. The drawings and the description of
them set forth together examples of my invention, the drawings being marked
with letters and figures of reference corresponding with the following explana-
tion, and like letters and figures being used to denote the same or corresponding
parts throughout the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure illustrates, in diagrammatic plan, two ejectors (of the kind set forth
in the Specifications of the said former Patents Nos. 3,5248, and 16,4534) placed
side by side and arranged to collect and discharge sewage and other liquids,
alternately, by means of the alternating system according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of an alternating and stop valve, as arranged
in connection with the automatic valve of each ejector, and according to this
invention.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of an alternating and stop valve, as arranged
in connection with the automatic valve of an ejector, and combined with a
reducing valve for use in cases where the air pressure in the main is variable.
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate, in sectional elevation and end view, the automatic
valve of an ejector provided with direct alternating arrangement according to
this invention.
With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings, a, a, designate two ejectors of the
kind set forth in the Specifications of Patents 3,52478, and 16,45384; b, b¹, are the
automatic compressed air supply and exhaust valves thereof.
is the sewage
supply pipe; y is the sewage discharge pipe, and z is the compressed air supply
ipe.

page_text: According to the present invention, sewage or other liquid is collected alter-
nately by and discharged alternately from the ejectors a, a¹; and moreover, whilst
the ejector a is having its contents discharged by compressed air supplied through
the valve b the contents of the ejector a¹ will under no circumstances be discharged
until the discharge of the ejector a is complete, but when the discharge of the.
ejector a is complete the discharge. of the ejector al will follow automatically.
I will now describe the apparatus illustrated, by which the above alternating
system is effected:-Under.one arrangement consisting in the employment of the
combined alternating and stop valves in conjunction with the automatic valves
b, b, and shewn in Figure 2 of the drawings,. c is the body or chest of the valve
and d is the valve which is of the ordinary stop valve type. This valve is placed
on the air supply pipe, and between it and the automatic valve b of the ejector a.
The spindle of the valve d is provided with a piston e which works in a
cylinder f, provided on the valve body c; the piston e has the same area as the
opening or passage of the valve seat d. g is the spring which bears on the
piston e and tends to press the valve d against its seating d. h is a screwed
spindle, worked by the hand wheel h, for positively closing the valve d when
desired. The pipes are provided with cocks q.
This apparatus is provided in connection with each of the ejectors a, a', and
thereby the cylinder f of the stop valve in connection with the valve b of the
ejector a is in communication with the interior of the ejector a', whilst the
cylinder of the stop valve in connection with the valve bi of the ejector a', is
in communication with the interior of the ejector a.
The valve d can be screwed down as an ordinary stop valve by means of the
screwed spindle h, and by regulating the lift of the valve, the flow of air into
the ejector and the pressure therein can be regulated as long as the pressure
in the air main is constant.
The action of the alternating arrangement above described is as follows:-
When the ejector a¹ is filled with liquid, its automatic valve b' is opened by the
lifting of the ejector float, and compressed air is admitted to the surface of the
liquid therein and at the same time such air is also admitted to the cylinder f of
the valve of the valve 6 of the ejector a through the pipe p. The pressure
of air thus supplied to the piston e of said cylinder / balances or nearly balances
the air pressure on the under side of the valve d, but the pressure of the spring g
acting on the piston e keeps the valve d closed and prevents any compressed
air from entering the ejector a as long as the air pressure in the cylinder f is
maintained, that is, as long as the ejector al is discharging.
When all the liquid in the ejector a¹ has been discharged, the valve thereof
is automatically reversed as described in the said former Patents, and the com-
pressed air is liberated from the ejector a¹ and from the cylinder of the valve c
of the valve b, and thus the valve d is free to open and the compressed air may
flow to the valve 6 of the ejector a, which if or when full is discharged in its
turn;
and during such discharge the valve d connected with the valve bi is closed
in manner as before described with reference to the valve c of the ejector a, and
thus the supply of compressed air to the ejector a is shut off and its discharge
cannot take place until the discharge of the ejector a is completed.
By the above arrangement the ejectors a, a¹, are compelled to discharge alter-
nately, and when the supply of liquid is sufficient to fill them as quickly as they
discharge they will deliver a perfectly continuous stream of liquid.
According to the arrangement of alternating valve shewn at Figure 3, which is
particularly suitable for systems in which the pressure of air is a variable one, a
second piston e¹ and cylinder f¹ are provided in connection with the valve d.
This piston and cylinder are placed under the valve as shewn, so that the pressure
upon the under side of the valve d and that on the piston ¹ acts in opposite
directions, and the valve d and piston e are put in or nearly in equilibrium. In
the cylinder f I provide the spring which tends to open the valve d. The
cylinder and piston e above the valve operate as described with reference to
Figure 2, but without the spring. In this example the operation is, that when

page_text: the pressure in the cylinder of valve c of ejector a acts upon its piston e, that
pressure will be greater than the pressure of the spring g acting against it on the
reducing piston e', and consequently the valve will be kept upon its seat and
no air will flow towards the valve of the ejector a. When however, the pressure
in the ejector a' is released, and with it the pressure in the cylinder f of the
valve c of the valve of ejector a, the spring y acting upon the piston e¹ will
raise the valve d, and allow air to flow to the valve b of the ejector a.
The pres-
sure of the air so supplied will depend upon, and be in accordance with, the
degree of tension or compression, as the case may be, put upon or exerted by the
spring g and this is adjustable by means of the screwed spindle k.
The type of automatic valve b, b', which I prefer to use, is a piston valve,
whose actuation is effected by the compressed air used for forcing the liquid, the
supply and discharge from the valves or being controlled by a small slide
valves operated by floats, as in the ejectors set forth in above cited prior Patents.
The alternating arrangement by which the control of air to the ejector valves b
or is directly effected is shewn at Figures 4 and 5, which illustrate one valve b,
the valve being of the same construction. In this case the cylinder fis placed
on the casing of the valve b, and the cylinders f of the two valves b, b₁, are
in alternate or cross communication with their respective ejectors a, a by the
pipes p.
The pistons e of the cylinders f of the respective valves b, are
provided with piston rods d, which act in communication a stop on the lever /,
so as to prevent the float of one ejector from being lifted by the liquid in that
ejector, and its slide valves moved, until the other ejector, with which the
cylinder f is in communication, has been discharged. This prevents the action
of the automatic valves 6 or b¹, as the case may be, taking place, and stops the
supply of compressed air to the one ejector until the other is discharged. The
pistons e of the valves b, b', are provided with springs g which tend to press the
pistons down whilst compressed air from the casing of the valves b b enters the
cylinders by way of the ports f2 and presses upon the under side of the pistons e
tending to lift them upwards. In action when say ejector a¹ is discharging,
compressed air, from that ejector passes to the cylinder f of the valve b, of
ejector a and onto the top of its piston e, and in conjunction with the pressure
exerted thereon by the spring g forces the piston down until its rod comes in
front of the stop of the lever 1, and prevents the action of the automatic gear
and valve b of ejector a. When the ejector a¹ is discharged and the pressure on
the top of said piston e of ejector is relieved, the air pressure on the under
side of this piston e lifts it, thereby withdrawing the rod d' from in front of
the stop and releasing the lever 1, and so allowing the valve b to act, and
supply the compressed air to ejector a. This air now within ejector a balances
the piston e of ejector a', and its spring g forces down said piston so that its
rod comes in front of the stop of the lever of the valve b', and thus the
ejector is in its turn prevented from discharging. The action of the ejectors a,
al, is thus rendered alternate.
The stop of the lever is always made long enough to prevent the piston
rod locking the automatic gear in the opposite position to that shewn in the
drawing, as this would delay the reversing of the automatic gear and a loss of
compressed air would result.
Suitable cocks or valves on the various conduits or communication pipes,
above specified or referred to, may be employed, wherever it may be deemed desir-
able or necessary; and also, it is to be stated, various modifications of construc-
tion and arrangement of the valves or gear hereinbefore specified, may be used;
also the mode of controlling the alternating action of forcing apparatus of the
nature specified, may be applied to, or used in connection with, other like, or
equivalent fluid forcing apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. Controlling the alternate operation of two or more vessels, of sewage or

page_text: other liquid forcing apparatus, which collect and then discharge such sewage or
other liquid by means of compressed air or other gas, by the employment of the
pressure of the fluid in one vessel or vessels, which is discharging, to control the
supply of air or other gas to the other vessel or vessels until the discharge of the
first vessel or vessels is completed or nearly completed.
2. Controlling the alternate discharge of pneumatic ejector vessels, by apparatus
in which the pressure of the compressed air or other Huid in a vessel or vessels
which is or are discharging, closes the supply of such air or fluid to another
vessel or vessels until the first vessel or vessels has discharged.
3. Two or more pneumatic ejector vessels wherein the successive discharges
of said vessels are adapted to be controlled by the pressure of the operating
fluid in said vessels; substantially as described.
4. In alternately acting apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the employ-
ment in connection therewith of valves, controlled by the pressure of the operat-
ing fluid in such apparatus, and controlling the supply of air or other gas to
such apparatus; substantially as set forth.
5. In apparatus for raising and forcing sewage and other liquids by the agency
of compressed air, the combination of two or more ejectors such as a, a, two
or more air distributing valves b, b₁, and two or more alternating air supply
valves c, c, operating as or substantially as in the manner herein set forth.
6. In apparatus for supplying air or other gas to sewage or other liquid forcing
apparatus of the kind herein referred to, a valve adapted to serve as an alternat-
ing air or other gas supply valve and stop valve combined, and adapted to operate
after the manner substantially as set forth. with reference to Figure 2 of the
drawings.
-7. In apparatus for supplying air or other gas to sewage or other liquid forcing
apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the construction of alternating air or
other gas supply valve-set-forth-with-reference to Figure 2, comprising the case c,
valve d, piston e, cylinder f, spring 9, and with or without the screw-down.
spindle h.
8. In apparatus for supplying air or other gas to sewage or other liquid forcing
apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the construction of pressure reducing
valve herein described, consisting in the combination of a valve such as d, having
an equilibrating piston such as e¹, and spring such as g; for the purposes set forth.
9. In apparatus for supplying air or other gas to sewage or other liquid forcing
apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the construction of alternating air or
other gas supply valve set forth with reference to Figure 3, comprising the
cylinder, piston e, valve d, piston el, cylinder f, and spring g; operating
substantially as set forth.
10. In apparatus for supplying air or other gas to sewage or other liquid fore-
ing apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the combination with a valve of
the type referred to herein by, b, of an alternating valve adapted to operate in
conjunction therewith after the manner set forth with reference to Figure 4 of
the drawings.
11. In apparatus for supplying air or other gas to sewage or other liquid
forcing apparatus of the kind herein referred to, the combination with the valve b
set forth with reference to Figure 4, of the cylinder f, and piston e, operated by
the means and operating in the manner set forth.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.