Improvements relating to Cycle and other Driving Chains.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
. Improvements relating to Cycle and other Driving Chains.
I, JOSEPH APPLEBY, of the Firm of Joseph Appleby Limited, of Castle Chain
Works, Tower Road, Aston, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention consists of improvements in the cross sleeves or bushes and
in the rivets of roller and other chains for cycles, motor cars, and for other
services, and in the manufacture of such parts and the subsequent connection
of the same with the chain links or side plates.
One of my improvements in the cross sleeves or bushes of chains of either the
roller or block patterns, comprises the formation of the ends of the sleeve or
bush in such a manner as to provide lugs or projections for entering the apertures
in the links or side plates, and teeth or serrations on the portions of the tube
ends between such lugs for seizing or biting the inner surfaces of the plates.
Another of my improvements comprises the manufacture of sleeves or bushes
from reeded steel strips, such reeding being impressed by a roll upon one side
of the strip as it is rolled down to the required dimensions. The strips are
subsequently formed into tubular sleeves in the ordinary manner with the, reeded
surface on the exterior, and such surface, extending throughout the entire length.
of the sleeve, in addition to assisting in the prevention of rotation in the links
or side plates, has the further advantage of enabling the blocks or rollers mounted
thereon to work more readily whilst the grooves serve as receptacles for holding
the lubricant.
I sometimes make the short lengths of reeded or plain steel strips from which
the sleeves are formed, with their ends of a greater width than the central portion,
and upon the edges of such central portion I form teeth or serrations. In such
a case I make the width of the central portion of the strip equal only to the
required width or distance between the links or side plates of the chain, whilst
the width of the end portions I make equal to the width or distance between
the plates plus the combined thickness of the plates. I then bend back each
end of the strip towards the centre and subsequently make such double strip
into a tubular form, and so produce a sleeve or bush having ends of a less
diameter than the central portion, and with serrated shoulders at the extremities
of the larger central portion for seizing or biting the inner surfaces of the
plates.
In building up a roller or other chain having inner and outer links I some-
times dispense with a cross bush or sleeve for the outer pairs of links and employ
a rivet having an enlarged central portion to fit between the links or side plates.
Such rivets I form preferably from wrought iron or mild steel bars or rods
turning down the ends to fit within the side plates and forming teeth or serra-
tions on the shoulders for seizing or biting the inner surfaces of the plates. I
then case-harden the central portion of the rivets only, leaving the ends soft. .
I effect such partial hardening by covering the rivet ends with suitable caps
or cover clips in order that when the rivets are heated in conjunction with.

page_text: leather cuttings, bone-dust, and the like in the ordinary manner, such covered
ends shall be unaffected by the process. After removal from the case hardening
furnace the hot rivets together with their end caps or covers are plunged into
water or oil and thus the central surfaces are hardened whilst the ends remain
soft.
Instead of rivetting in the ordinary manner I drill a hole a short distance up
each soft end of the rivet and by a suitable tool after the rivet has been placed
in position, I flange or bend over its ends and thus very securely connect it with
the links or. side plates.
Dated this 7th day of Santambar 180g
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., &
13, Temple Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to Cycle and other Driving Chains.
I, JOSEPH APPLEBY, of the Firm of Joseph Appleby Limited, of Castle Chain
Works, Tower Road, Aston, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-.
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention consists of improvements in the cross sleeves or bushes and
in the rivets of rollers and other chains for cycles, motor cars, and for other
services, and in the manufacture of such parts and the subsequent connection
of the same with the chain links or side plates.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings illus-
trate one type of a driving chain cross sleeve or bush constructed in accordance
with my invention, Figure 1 being a plan of the blank which I stamp or other-
wise cut out from a sheet or strip of steel or other metal, Figure 2 a plan and
Figure 3 an end view of the strip rolled or bent to the required tubular shape.
The projections a from the central part or body of the blank have their edges
plain, but the edges of the body part adjacent to the projections are jagged or
serrated, as illustrated at Figure 1. When the blank has been bent into a tube
as shown at Figures 2 and 3, the projections a constitute lugs for entering
correspondingly shaped apertures in the chain links or side plates, and the teeth
or serrations on the portions of the tube ends between such lugs bite or seize upon
the surfaces of the links or sides plates.
Figure 4 is a plan and Figure 5 an end view of another type of my improved,
driving chain cross sleeves or bushes. Each sleeve or bush is formed from a
blank cut out from a sheet or strip of steel which is plain on the one side but
reeded or corrugated on the other side; the reeding or corrugation of the plates
or strips is effected by one of the rolls employed in the rolling down of the metal.
to the required dimensions. The blank is so bent into a tubular shape that the
reeded or corrugated surface shall be on the exterior and the plain surface on
the interior of the tube. The ends of the tube are pressed tightly into plain
holes in the links or side plates in building up the chain; the reeded or corru-
gated surface prevents a rotative movement of the links relatively to the tube,
sleeve, or bush, and such surface has further advantages in that it permits the.
block or roller mounted loosely upon the central portion of the sleeve or bush,

page_text: between the side plates, to work more freely, and provides grooves to serve as
receptacles for retaining oil or lubricant.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 illustrate another type of my sleeves or bushes made
from reeded steel strips in which the portion of such strips to form the ends
of the sleeve are of greater width than the portions which form the centre. In
such a case I make the width of the portions of the strip which form the centre
of the sleeves equal only to the required width or distance between the side
links or plates of the chain, whilst the width of the portion to form the ends I
make equal to the width or distance between the side plates plus the combined
thickness of the plates. Figure 6 is a plan of the blank cut out from a sheet
or strip of steel which is reeded or corrugated on the one side (the side shown
in the figure) and plain on the opposite side; the edges of the narrow portions
of the blank are jagged or serrated as illustrated, and holes as bare pierced
through the metal to serve as receptacles for containing oil or lubricant when
the blank is formed into the complete cross sleeve or bush. Figure 7 is a plan
and Figure 8 an end view showing the narrowed portions or extensions bent or
folded back upon the wider portions and with the plain or smooth surfaces on
the outside, whilst Figure 9 is a plan and Figure 10 an end view of the folded
strip formed into the complete sleeve or bush. By such construction I form
from the one blank of sheet metal a sleeve or band having circular ends with a
reeded or corrugated external surface for entering round apertures in the links
or side plates of the chain, a larger central portion for carrying. the block or
roller and with serrated shoulders at the extremities of the larger central portion
for seizing or biting into the inner surfaces of the links or side plates of the
chain for the further prevention of any independent rotative movement of the
sleeve relatively to the said links or side plates.
In building a cross bush or sleeve for the outer pairs of links and employ
roller or other chain having inner and outer links I some-
times dispense w
a joint pin or vet having an enlarged central portion to fit between the links
or side plates. Such rivets, one of which is shown respectively by a plan and
an end view at Figures 11 and 12, I make from wrought iron or mild steel bars
or rods turning down the ends to fit within the side plates and forming
teeth or serrations on the shoulders for seizing or biting the inner surfaces of
the plates. I then case-harden the central portion of the rivets only, leaving
the ends soft. I effect such partial hardening by covering the rivet ends with
suitable caps or cover clips in order that when the rivets are heated in con-
junction with leather cuttings, bone dust, and the like in the ordinary manner,
such covered ends shall be unaffected by the process. After removal from the
case-hardening furnace the hot rivets together with their end caps or covers
are plunged into water or oil and thus the central surfaces are hardened whilst
the ends remain soft.
Instead of rivetting in the ordinary manner I drill a hole a short distance up
each soft end of the rivet and by a suitable tool, after the rivet has been placed
in position, I flange or bead over its extremities and thus very securely connect
it with the links or side plates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A cross sleeve or bush for cycle and other driving chains, consisting of a
rectangular blank of metal having jagged or serrated edges, and lugs or pro-
jections as a, bent into a tubular form, substantially as described and as illus
trated.
2. A cross sleeve or bush for cycle or other driving chains, consisting of a
rectangular blank of metal reeded or corrugated on the one side and plain on
the opposite side, bent into a tube having the reeded or corrugated surface on
its exterior, substantially as and for the purposes described and as illustrated.

page_text: 3. A cross sleeve or bush for cycle and other driving chains, consisting of a
rectangular blank of corrugated metal with serrated projections folded back on
to itself, which is bent into a tube having the folded back portions on its exterior,
substantially as described and as illustrated.
4. A rivet or joint pin for cycle and other driving chains, consisting of a
metal rod with reduced and hollow ends and serrated shoulders, the said reduced
ends being soft but the remainder of the rivet hardened, substantially as described
and as illustrated.
ell 1
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, &,
25, Cross Street, Manchester, Agents.