CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR COLORING AND GLAZING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, OR OTHER CERAMIC MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND ALSO
Year: 1856

page_text: of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING OR COLORING AND GLAZING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, OR OTHER CERAMIC
MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF SUCH MANU-
FACTURES."
PRINTI
ND GLAZING HINA, MARIRE
MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF SUCH MANU-
FACTURES."
Sealed the 21st November 1856, and dated the 24th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Illingworth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1856.
I, WILLIAM ILLINGWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR COLORING AND GLAZING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, OR
OTHER CERAMIC MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH, AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF SUCH
MANUFACTURES," to be as follows:-
First, my Invention applies to the printing or colouring and glazing of
pottery, and is an extension or improvement in the use of the preparation of
sacchrine matter, as a substitute for oil or other matters now in use, in the pre-
paring of the colours for printing, for which I have obtained Her Majesty's
.Letters Patent, bearing date First of October, One thousand eight hundred

page_text: and fifty-five. My present improvement consists in the preparation and use
of certain animal and vegetable mucilaginous or amylaceous substances, as
albumen, gelatine, gluten, casine, carrageen moss, linseed, mucilage, dextrine,
gum arabic, gum adragant or tragacanth, and all other animal and vegetable
mucilaginous or amylaceous substances (whether foreign or British); also the
use of deliquescent salts and other substances, such as the chlorides, nitrates,
acetates, citrates, tartrates, saccharates, &c. &c. of zinc, manganese, lime,
magnesia, &c.; also citric acid or lemon juice, sacharic acid, phosphoric acid,
arsenic acid, muriatic acid, and all other deliquesent acids, either with or
without the saccharine matter.
Secondly, my Invention, as applied to the machinery or apparatus connected
with printing pottery, consists in the application, employment, or use of
"doctors" in connection with the flat plates used for printing, for the purpose
of cleaning such plates, in a similar manner to their operation in cylinder
calico printing, and also, if preferred, in combination with the use of inking or
-colouring rollers for furnishing the said flat plates.
Thirdly, my Invention, as applied to the subsequent treatment of pottery,
consists in the removal of the paper which conveys the impression from the
.ware, by the application of chlorides or acids to the back of the paper, or by
dipping the ware in water, or in water mixed with a little mucilage, chloride, or
acid. It also consists in balancing or equalizing the power of suction or
absorption of the glaze in the body of the ware with those parts which are
printed upon, which might otherwise be unequal, and of course detrimental to
the perfection of the glaze. This I accomplish by dipping or immersing the
newly-printed ware into water, or water mixed with a little mucilage, chloride,
or acid,
Lastly, my Invention applies to the glaze employed, the ordinary compo-
sition of which I improve by the introduction or admixture of mucilage.
¿SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions. of. the. Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Illingworth in the. Great Seal Patent. Office on the
24th November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE: PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ILLINGWORTH, of Manchester, in the. County of Lancaster, Gentleman; send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our: Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and, successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Illingworth, Her especial licence that I, the said William Illing-
worth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Illingworth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR COLORING AND GLAZING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, OR
OTHER CERAMIC MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH, AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF SUCH
MANUFACTURES," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said William
Illingworth, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Illingworth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is 'to be
performed, to be particularly described.and ascertained.in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
.:
First, my Invention applies to the printing or coloring and glazing of
pottery, and is an extension or improvement in the use of the preparation of
saccharine matter, as a substitute for oil or other matters now in 'use, in the
preparing of the colors for printing, for which I have obtained Her Majesty's
Letters Patent, bearing date the First of October; One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five. My present improvement consists in the preparation and use.
of certain animal and vegetable mucilaginous or amylacious substances, as
abumen, gelatine, gluten, casine, carrageen moss, linseed, mucilage, dextrine,
gum arabic, gum adragant or tragacanth, and all other animal and vegetable
mucilaginous or amylacious substances; also the use of deliquescent salts and-
other substances, such as the chlorides, nitrates, acetates, citrates, tartrates,.
sacharates, &c. &c. of zinc, manganese, lime, magnesia, &c.; also citric acid.
or lemon juice, secharic acid, phosphoric acid, arsenic acid, muriatic acid,,
together with all other deliquescent acids, either with or without saccharine
matter.
Secondly, my Invention, as applied to the machinery or apparatus connected
with printing pottery, consists in the application, employment, or use of

page_text: "doctors" in connection with the flat plates used for printing, for the purpose
of cleaning such plates, in a similar manner to those in operation in cylinder
calico printing, and also, if preferred, in combination with the use of inking or
coloring rollers for furnishing the said flat plates.
Thirdly, my Invention, as applied to the subsequent treatment of pottery,
'consists in the removal of the paper which conveys the impression from the
ware, by the application of diluted chlorides or acids to the back of the paper,
or by dipping the ware in water, or in water mixed with a little mucilage,
chloride, or acid. It also consists in balancing or equalizing the power of
suction or absorption of the glaze in the body of the ware with those parts
which are printed upon, which might otherwise be unequal, and of course detri-
imental to the perfection of the glaze. This I accomplish by dipping or
immersing the newly-printed ware into water, or water mixed with a little
mucilage, chloride, or acid.
Lastly, my Invention applies to the glaze employed, the ordinary compo-
sition of which I improve by the introduction or admixture of mucilage.
The pigment or conveying medium.-Any and all of the afore-mentioned
mucilaginous substances and chemicals may be used in difference combina-
tions as a conveying medium for any or all of the metallic oxides or color used
for printing upon earthenware, china, or other ceramic manufactory. I prefer
the use of gum tragacanth in combination with the chloride of zinc and a little
carbonate of potash. Take in proportion one pound of gum tragacanth, cleansed
from all grit and well powdered, and add about three quarts or five pints of
concentrated chloride of zinc and about one ounce of carbonate of potash or
red ash; mix them well together, and let the mixture stand for a day or two,
then add the metallic oxide or colour and grind them well together; great care
must be taken to have the color well mixed and all the substances thoroughly
amalgamated. If the colour dry too soon or stick too tenatiously to the paper,
a little more chloride must be added; if not sufficiently adhesive, a little more
gum or of potash. It is best for the color to be mixed a day before use.*
Taking impressions.-The paper must be previously sized with a little gum
water, or albumen mixed with water, and a little chloride of zinc to make it
damp and supple. I prefer the paper being first steeped in deluted chloride of
zinc or lime and then sized with the above, or a little milk mixed with
chloride of zinc.. In taking impressions from the copper plate, a sheet of
vulcanized india-rubber must be used upon the flannel covering of the cylinder
to ensure good impressions; the impressure must then be conveyed in the
usual way to the ware and rubbed with a piece of flannel.
My Invention, as applied to the machinery, consists in the copper plate

page_text: being placed upon a moveable table or carriage. The "doctor" is placed in a
fixed position, regulated by screws and springs, and worked by means of a lever,
which machinery may or may not be used with other parts of this Invention.
My Invention, as applied to the subsequent treatment of pottery, consists
in the removal of the paper from the ware, which may be done by the applica-
tion of diluted chlorides or acids to the back of the paper, or by dipping the
ware in water, or in water mixed with a little mucilage, chloride, or acid.
I prefer a little diluted chloride of zinc or carbonate of potash applied to the.
back of the paper by a soft brush, and then the paper taken off. When a
variagated or marble shading is required on the ground work of the print, a
strong solution of acid, such as muriatic acid, &c., must be applied to the back
of the paper. It consists also in balancing or equlizing the power of suction
or absorption of the glaze in the body of the ware with those parts which are
printed upon, which might otherwise be unequal (if not prepared against), and
of course be detrimental to the perfection of the glaze. This I accomplish by
dipping or immersing the ware, before or after being printed, into water, or
water mixed with a little mucilage or acid, or both. I prefer dipping, after
printing, in water with a little acid or chloride, or, in lieu, placed in an ex-
hausting chamber after being printed. This part of the Invention may or may
not be used in connection with any previously mentioned portion of my Inven-
tion, but it tends to improve the appearance of ware when finished.
My Invention, as applied to the glaze, the ordinary composition of which
I improve by the introduction or admixture of mucilage, which may or not be
used in connection with other parts of my Invention. Add to the ordinary
glaze about one pint of carrageen mucilage diluted to about two gallons of
glaze, or about one quarter of an ounce of gum tragacanth mixed with one quart
of water. I prefer half an ounce of more solid gum to the above proportion of
glaze. This first part of this Invention, namely, the pigment or conveying
medium, applies to the printing of earthenware in the different stages of manu-
facture, namely, either before or after its biscuit state; and the ware, when
printed, may or may not be fired in the "hardening-on" kiln; if fired, much
less heat and time are required than the present mode, and all risk of injury
to colour avoided. In this case it is not necessary to take off the paper from
the ware.
If the hardening-on kiln is dispensed with, then the process, as
described, must be adopted.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which it may be carried into practical effect, I desire it to be understood that
I claim the substitution or use of certain animal and vegetable mucilagenous
or amylacious substances, as albumen, gelatine, gluten, casine, carregeen moss,

page_text: linseed, mucilage, dextrine, gum arabic, gum adragant or tragacanth, and all
other animal and vegetable mucilagenous or amylacious substances; also the
use of deliquescent salts and other substances, such as chlorides, nitrates,
acitates, citrates, tartrates, sacharates, &c. &c. of zinc, manganese, lime,
magnesia, &c.; also citric acid or lemon juice, scharic acid, phosphoric acid,
arsenic acid, muriatic acid, together with other deliquescent acids, and their
different combinations, either with or without saccharine matter, in lieu or in
place of oil, tar, &c., as hitherto employed in the pigment or conveying medium
of metallic oxides or color used in printing earthenware, china, and other
ceramic manufactures, and all other portions of this Invention, as,herein par-
ticularly described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Illingworth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM ILLINGWORTH. (LS.)