matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED DRESS-HOLDER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1880.
ALFRED WRIGHT, of 165, Brearley Street, West, Birmingham, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED DRESS-HOLDER."
This improved dressholder consists of two levers crossed and pivoted together
like a pair of pincers, and an appliance, to which this Invention particularly relates,
for drawing and holding together those parts of the two levers which in pincers
are held in the hand.
It will be best explained by referring to the accompanying Drawings.
Figs. 1 and 3 shew the dress holder closed.
Fig. 2 shews it open. In Fig. 1 the dressholder is complete. In Figs. 2 and 3 a
thin plate of metal is removed, disclosing the novel arrangement for obtaining and
retaining the grip.
A is the pendant ring.
B is the closing box.
C, C, are the bent wire levers.
D, D, are metal discs covered with india-rubber at d, d, and between which the
part of the dress to be held is placed; C, C', are pivoted together at e; ƒ, ƒ¹, are two
thin plates of metal, forming the top and bottom of the closing box B; g, l, is a
cam-like piece of metal attached firmly to and between the pieces f, f'; it is rather
thicker than C, C², so that C, C', can pass freely between the plates f,fl. The
extremity of C¹ is pivoted to the two plates ff, at their centre k, and works
freely between them. The surfaces of C and g, l, have a common normal m, n, at
where they touch, which passes above k, the centre of the plates f, f.
ทน,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND COMPANY'S SERVANTS WHEN TRAVELLING BY RAILWAY, AND IN OTHER MODES OF SIGNALLING."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Upton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
JOHN UPTON, of Goodfellow Street, Tunstall, in the County of Stafford,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING OR COMMUNICATING
BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND COMPANY'S SERVANTS WHEN TRAVELLING BY RAILWAY,
AND IN OTHER MODES OF SIGNALLING."
My Invention consists of a metallic cylinder of sufficient thickness made of brass
or iron or other metal, and about 16 inches long and about 4 inches in diameter (or
of larger or smaller dimensions if necessary). One cylinder or more is fixed in or
upon every passenger carriage and guard's van in a train, or in the guard's vans of
a good's train. An ordinary steam whistle or steam gong is fixed at one end of the
cylinder, or attached to it by a sufficient length of metal pipe, so that the whistle
or gong may project above the roof or in some other external part of the carriage or
van. At the other end or on one side, as may be most convenient, a tap or valve is
fixed or screwed into the cylinder, which tap or valve is opened by a wire or cord
running along the carriage, and having a handle attached to it in each compartment,
so that the passengers may pull the handle in accordance with printed instructions
to be pasted up under or near each handle. A short pipe or nozzle with a tap or
valve in it is screwed into the cylinder, through which it can be charged, and a
small steam dial with plate is also connected with the cylinder so as to shew when
it is fully charged. The cylinder is charged with compressed air up to a pressure
of 70 lbs. to the square inch, or more, by tueans of an ordinary force pump, and this
compressed air whenever one of the handles is pulled escapes through the opened
valve and sounds the whistle or gong, emitting a sound lasting for several minutes,
and capable of being heard distinctly by every person upon or near a train when
travelling at any speed. By means of a spring the valve or tap which emits the
air is closed immediately upon the handle being released; and by this successive
sounds as signals may be produced. A small metallic disc or plate can be attached
to the wire or cord in each compartment, so as to shew in which one the signal has
been used. The cords or wires can also be connected by additional pieces, so as to
form a continuous automatic signal, which would give an alarm in the event of any
portion of the train becoming detached from the rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND THE RAILS OR PERMANENT WAY FOR THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reid, junior, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1880.
JOHN REID, junior, of Feal, in the Parish of Portmoak and County of Kinross,
North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
AND THE RAILS OR PERMANENT WAY FOR THE SAME.”
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of railway carriages
and in certain portions of the rails or permanent way of railways, designed for
effectually retaining the carriages on the rails or track, and preventing any possi-
bility of their being overturned by the force of the wind or other side pressure
in passing over high bridges, viaducts, embankments, or other exposed situations.
The Invention consists in fitting the carriages with an additional pair of wheels
carried in journal bearings on brackets formed on or secured to the outer sides of
the axle boxes, so that these wheels may run on vertical or inclined spindles and
bear along the side or edge on an additional line of rails carried by and secured to
the transverse or longitudinal sleepers or other suitable foundation on each side of
the ordinary track. These additional wheels are preferably of the ordinary form of
railway carriage wheels, and have their spindles formed with collar bearings held in
the axle box carrying blocks below the carriage foot board, so as to remain always in
the same relative position to the ordinary running wheels and their respective rails, and
when their spindles are vertical the wheels run in a horizontal plane along the edge
or flange of the new upper set of rails with the flanged part of the wheels bearing
up against the under edge of these rails, thus effectually preventing the side
wheels from rising and the carriage from being overturned or lifted off the usual
rails.
The upper ends of the spindles of these new horizontal wheels would be carried
and steadied in bearings fixed to the carriage framing, so that these bearings
would be free to move vertically with the carriage frames while the wheels would
have little or no vertical motion.
Instead of the side wheels with flanged tyres, conical drums or bevel wheels may
be fitted on each side of the carriage to bear against and run on angled-side-guide
rails or an angled flange on the inner edge of the new special foundation of

page_text: girders at each side of the track for the purpose of keeping the carriage down on
the usual rails.
It will be understood that these side girders or foundations with their guide
rails or flanges would only require to be fitted up at exposed parts of the permanent
way of railways, as on bigh bridges and embankments, where the carriages have 5
hitherto been liable to be blown off the rails or overturned by the force of the
wind.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1880.
SIDNEY GILCHRIST THOMAS, of 3, Queen's Road Villas, Wandsworth Road,
London. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON."
My Invention refers to the construction of the lower part, viz., the hearth or
crucible of blast furnaces and cupolas, and similar furnaces used in the manufacture
of iron. Instead of using bricks for this purpose I use bars or blocks of iron or soft
steel, the exterior of which is cooled by water. By this means, particularly when
smelting or melting spiegel-eisen, the duration of the furnace campaign is much
increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING CHANGE WHEELS USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES IN WHICH CHANGE WHEELS ARE USED
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Emmett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1880.
WILLIAM EMMETT, of Haslingden, in the County of Lancaster, Weaver.
* IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING CHANGE WHEELS USED IN MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES IN WHICH
CHANGE WHEELS ARE USED."
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby I am enabled to more readily
remove the change wheels from the studs or shafts upon which they are mounted
in order that others may be substituted for them, and also to ensure their trans-
mitting motion to or receiving motion from the studs or shafts upon which they
are mounted.
For this purpose I form an enlarged part upon the stud or shaft upon which the
change wheel is mounted, such enlarged part being made either squaro, hexagonal,
or of other keying shape, the eyes of the change wheels being formed to correspond
therewith. The aforesaid change wheels I retain in position upon the said stud
or shaft by means of a set screw screwed into, or a nut screwed upon the said stud
or shaft, the head of the aforesaid set screw or nut having projecting parts for
retaining the change wheel in position upon the enlarged part of the stud or shaft
upon which it is mounted.
Each of the said chango wheels is bound between one of the before named
set screws or nuts and a collar formed upon the enlarged part of the stud or shaft ;
but when such set screw or nut aforesaid is turned for releasing the said change
wheel from the aforesaid stud or shaft, the projecting parts of the set scrow or nut
are brought into a position corresponding to the longest dimension of the eye of
the change wheel. The change wheel can then be removed and another substituted
without entirely removing the set screw or nut from the stud or shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING BANDS, Manufacturers. BELTS, OR STRAPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lee and James Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1880.
JOHN LEE and JAMES LEE, of the Firm of Messieurs James Lee and Sons, of
Hipperholme, near Halifax, in the County of York, Tanners, Curriers, and Belting
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING BANDS,
Manufacturers.
BELTS, OR STRAPS."
Our Invention is constructed as follows:-
We construct belts, bands, or straps of cotton, felt, linen, duck, canvas, or other
fibrous materials, and sew, rivet, or secure them together with copper, iron, brass,
or other metallic wire or fastenings; belts thus constructed are stronger, more
durable, and less liable to stretch. Cotton or fibrous belts sewn with string or cord
when worked for a time are found to come to pieces, but when sewn or fastened
with metallic fastening this is obviated. The belts so constructed may if desirable
be colored and passed through a mixture of oil, resin, starch, or the like.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Foster Wilkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patonts on the 16th June 1880.
THOMAS FOSTER WILKINS, of Lavender Road, Clapham Junction, London, in
the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF
ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates particularly to the preservation of shell fish and of eggs, but
may be applied to the preservation of other articles of food.
My improved process consists essentially in first treating the article to be
preserved with an antiseptic, and then coating it with a paraffin melting only at
a very high temperature, and devoid of taste and smell.
I propose to immerse the article to be preserved in a solution of one or more of
the following substances, that is to say, I may use any one of these substances alone
or any combination of them:-They are, potassic chlorido, sodic chloride, boracic
acid, glacial metaphosphoric acid, salicylic acid, salicin, biborate of soda, the alums,
and sugar.
The period of immersion may vary from a few minutes to several hours, according
to the nature of the article to be treated, and other requirements.
The article under treatment having been immersed in the antiseptic bath for
such time as may have been found expedient, I propose to take it out of the
solution and dip it in melted paraffin, which must be of such quality as will melt
only at a high temperature, and I now give preference to the use of what is known
as "Young's" paraffin, the melting point of which is 128° "Fahrenheit."
After the paraffin has cooled and set upon the article, the dipping may bo
repeated until the article is sufficiently coated.
It being very desirable that every part of the article when submerged should be
in contact with the paraffin, and that no part of the coating be removed in the
operation of withdrawal from tho bath of paraffin, I propose to sling the article
with string, or to place it in any apparatus which I may find suitable for effecting
my object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAMPLING FLUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Shears at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1880.
JAMES CHARLES SHEARS, of No. 27, Bankside, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAMPLING FLUIDS."
The object of this Invention is to enable a correct sample of fluid to be taken
from the bottom or any part of a vessel containing fluid, and is particularly
applicable for sampling the fermented worts in breweries and distilleries.
The apparatus consists of a closed vessel fitted at the bottom with a weighted
valve opening inwards; the rod of this valve extends upwards inside the vessel,
and is linked to another valve at the top of the vessel, which valve can be lifted
and so opened when necessary by a line or other arrangement, and as the valves
are linked together, the valve at the bottom of the vessel will be then opened at
the same time.
The vessel is suspended in such a manner as to keep it in a vertical position,
and is lowered to the requisite depth into the fluid to be sampled. The valves are
then lifted by the line connected to them, and the vessel fills with the fluid; the
valves are then allowed to close, and the vessel is lifted and carries up within it a
correct sample of the fluid at the depth at which the apparatus was suspended.
In order that a correct sample may be taken from the very bottom of any vat
containing the liquid to be sampled, the lower valve has a short stem descending
from it below the bottom of the vessel, so that if the vessel is lowered to the
bottom of the vat the stem comes against the bottom, and the valve is so opened
and the vessel allowed to fill.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidor Nasch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1880.
ISIDOR NASCH, of New Road, Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of pipes for smoking
tobacco, the object of the Invention being to prevent the passage into the mouth of
the smoker of the nicotine or other moisture resulting from the burning of the
tobacco, and at the same time to prevent moisture from the mouth from passing
into the pipe, thereby securing a dry combustion and effecting the cooling of the
smoke before it enters the mouth of the smoker.
In carrying out my Invention the stem of the pipe is not perforated through its
whole length as hitherto, but for a short distance only from the end of the mouth-
piece, and from this perforated part of the stem I pass a bent tube, the other end
of the said bent tube opening into the front of the bowl of the pipe near the
bottom, the smoke resulting from the burning of the tobacco passing through the
bent tube before it enters the stem of the pipe. A small chamber is provided at
the place where the bent tube fits into the stem for receiving the moisture from
the mouth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR Looмs
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Burslem and
Edward Burslem at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
June 1880.
CHARLES FREDERICK BURSLEM and EDWARD BURSLEM, of Cheadle, in the
County of Chester, Picker Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS FOR
Looмs."
Our improvements relate to pickers used in looms for weaving, and consist in
forming the picker of a combination of metal and leather, buffalo-hide, vulcanite,
rubber, wood, or similar material, in such manner as to be about the same weight
as those now made of leather or buffalo-hide only.
We accomplish this object by using a light metal frame, which slides upon the
spindle or guides, and we form jaws extending therefrom, within which we place
leather, buffalo-hide, vulcanite, rubber, wood, or similar material, which is to act
against the shuttle.
The ends of the metal frame above referred to, which come against the buffers or
check straps, we make of sufficient surface to prevent their cutting or punching the
said buffers or check straps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBINS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR DRIVING THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1880.
LAWRENCE WILSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Bobbin
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBINS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR
DRIVING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to the bobbins employed in the spinning of textile materials.
In ordinary practice these bobbins are formed at one end or at each end with
horizontal slots or grooves, which engage with keys which are fixed or formed on
the drivers. The said slots or grooves weaken the end of the bobbin, and constitute
the starting points for cracks. To remedy this defect, and also to obtain an economy
in the use of material in the manufacture of the bobbin, are the objects of my
Invention. To this end I dispense entirely with the said slots. or grooves, and I
drive the bobbin by means of a pin or projection, or of pins or projections which
extends or extend upwards from the driver, and I so form the collar on the end of
the bobbin as that the driving pin or projection carries around the bobbin by
contact with the said collar, as for example, I form. the said collar square or
polygonal or with flutes or hollows. I consider a square form of collar, that is to
Bay, a collar having four flat sides, to be the most suitable, as it is strong and easily
produced. When the driver revolves the projection or each projection on the
driver by bearing upon a flat side of the collar, imparts the necessary motion to
the bobbin. The square form of collar also enables me to effect an economy in the
use of material in consequence of the blanks from which the bobbins are turned
being square in section, and it will be evident that in the formation of such a blank
more allowance must be made for a round collar than for a square collar of equal
extreme diameter.
IMPROVED SIPHONIC APPARATUS FOR CLOSET AND OTHER FLUSHINGS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edwin Cooper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1880.
"
HENRY EDWIN COOPER, of No. 127, Great. Dover Street, in the County of
Surrey, Steam and Hot Water Engineer. IMPROVED SIPHONIC APPARATUS FOR
CLOSET AND OTHER FLUSHINGS."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be fitted to closet cisterns, whereby a
Biphonic action for flushing purposes can be established by a pull down or a pull.
up of the ordinary chain or lover, or automatically on the water reaching a fixed
level in a cistern.
For the purposes of my Invention I attach to the outlet pipe, which is preferably
at the upper part of the cistern, a second pipe by a short length of india rubber or
other flexible tubing, which makes a water tight joint at the junction. This second
pipe is bent and has a leg whose lower end reaches nearly to the bottom of the
cistern, or into a chamber fitted in the bottom. The second pipe is held suspended
by the pull or balanced lever, and the water from the ordinary ball tap reaches a
fixed level, which is just below the horizontal portion of the second pipe when in
its normal position. The second pipe when pulled suddenly down as to immerse
the horizontal portion of it in the water establishes a siphonic action instantly
through the pipes to the pan or other receptacle.
Instead of the second pipe being jointed loosely by flexible connection, the pipe
itself may be of a flexible character, and entering the cistern from the lower part,
and with its end resting upon the bottom of the cistern, the bowed portion of the .
pipe where it is suspended by the balanced lever being flattened and lowered into
the water to establish the siphonic action; or the second pipe may be so jointed
that its upper part or bend may be allowed to fall sideways for the immersion and
siphonic action.
If the apparatus is to be entirely self acting, I support the free end of a lever
upon the ball or its lever, that a lift beyond a fixed point by the ball on the cistern
becoming filled raises the free. end of another lever, which rests upon the first
named lever, so that the two free ends pass each other, which allows the last named
lever to fall, and with it the flexible siphon pipe for causing the flow of water to
the pan or other receptacle. To permit one lever to lift the other I fit a knuckle

page_text: jointed end piece, which yields under the action of a spring when moving in one
direction.
A further improvement consists in forming a chamber at the bottom of the
cistern, and in leading the siphon pipe through this chamber that the free end is
within an inch or so from the botton. In this the ball would be allowed to lift to 5
a given height to charge the cistern, and the siphonic action would be established
by pulling the ball down to displace the water level.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Vanlohe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1880.
JOHN CHARLES VANLOHE, of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, United
States of America, but at present of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES."
My Invention relates particularly to a tube to be used in cops which are to be
steamed, bleached, or dyed after being run on, and my improvements consist in
making the tube of an elastic material which will be unaffected by the steaming or
by the bleaching or dying agents, and in perforating or longitudinally grooving
such tube to allow the bleaching and dyeing liquors to enter freely and act upon
the interior portion of the cop, thereby securing an even colour throughout the yarn
composing it.
The material best adapted for my improved cop tube is vulcanized rubber, since
it possesses the necessary elastic quality to retain its position on a spindle, and is
not affected by the dyeing or bleaching liquor, but any material possessing these
characteristics would be adapted for the purpose.
The form of tube is that of a hollow frustrum of a cone, having its ends thickened
or reinforced to strengthen such portions of the tube to prevent the yarn from
passing off during the formation of the cop and to retain the cop in position; or it
may be that of a plain hollow frustrum of a cone, and if made of vulcanized rubber
will retain the yarn by adhesion.
The tube may also be made with a hollow conical base portion and a hollow
cylindrical upper portion; the exterior of the tube being provided with peripherical
grooves to retain the yarn.
The walls of all the above tubes are perforated for the purpose of admitting the
dyeing or bleaching agents directly to the interior of the cop, but said perforations
may be dispensed with, and the exterior of the tubes be provided with longitudinal
grooves of sufficient depth to allow the direct passage of liquors to the interior of
the cop.
A great advantage possessed by my improved cop tube, aside from those already
mentioned, is durability, for since the inaterial of which they are composed is

page_text: unaffected by the steaming and by the dyeing and bleaching agents they may be
used many times, which would not be the case with tubes composed of a material.
incapable of withstanding the action of such agents, as such tubes would soon be
destroyed and a defective cop result. My improved tubes possess still further
advantages in that they are adapted for use upon spindles and shuttle tongues 5
of various sizes, and are not injured by being bent out of shape or crushed in
handling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIP- TRUCKS AND OTHER SIMILAR WAGONS OR VEHICLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel. Geoghegan, of 81, St. James' Street, Dublin,
Ireland, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIP-
TRUCKS AND OTHER SIMILAR WAGONS OR VEHICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Geoghegan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1880.
SAMUEL GEOGHEGAN, of S1, St. James' Street, Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIP-TRUCKS AND OTHER SIMILAR WAGONS OR VEHICLES."
My Invention relates, firstly, to an improvement in tho construction of tip-trucks
and other similar wagons for conveying coal, grain, and other goods usually carried
in bulk, whereby a great bulk may be carried and conveniently tipped, a great
angle or inclination being given to the body of the truck when discharging or
tipping out its contents; and, secondly, to an improvement by means of which I
prevent any injury by end motion when backing or shunting the truck.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention I propose to secure upon each end
of the carriage or frame of the truck suitable standards, which serve to carry the
body. This body, made of iron or other suitable material, is shaped somewhat in
the form of a hopper, but may be altered in shape according to circumstances, and
is supported upon the. aforesaid standards by rollers secured at each end of the
body in such a manner as to be free to partially revolve, and at the same time
travel more or less to either side of the carriage; this movement of the body per-
initting its being tipped to a greater inclination when discharging its cargo than
can be given to the body of the ordinary truck, which has no lateral movement
upon its carriage.
I propose to carry out the second part of my Invention by providing at each end
of the carriage of the truck suitable stops, arranged and adjusted substantially as
shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, so as to prevent any end motion to
the body whilst shunting
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,―
Figure 1 represents a side elevation, partly in section, of a truck embodying my
Invention, ami
Figuro 2 is an end view of same. A indicates the carriage; B, B, the end
standards; C, the body; D, D, rollers for permitting horizontal movement of body;
E, E, stops, for preventing end motion; F, locking bar.
The position and angle or inclination of the body when discharging is shown in
dotted lines, Fig. 2.

page_text: may bo modified while retaining the essential features of my Invention, and that
what
I claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
In a tip-truck or corve the combination of the body C with the rollers D, D,
and cross-bars E, E, arranged to be operated substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Geoghegan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1880. A communication from
abroad by Doctor Cornelius Herz, of Paris, in the French Republic.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES." [A communication from abroad
by Doctor Cornelius Herz, of Paris, in the French Republic.]
This Invention relates to telephonic instruments and conductors, whereby
articulate speech and musical sounds are electrically transmitted from one station
to another, the object of the Invention being to obtain great distinctness in the
sounds, even when they are transmitted over considerable distances. For this
purpose the receiving instrument is rendered microphonic by the employment of
discs or blades of conducting ores, such as sulphides of iron, copper, lead, and other
analogous compounds, each of those discs or blades being separately connected to
pairs of voltaic elements, and all being pressed together with adjustable pressure
and subjected to the sound vibrations of a diaphragm. By the use of discs thus
connected and arranged the sounds are magnified, and in order to render them
clear and distinct when transmitted, condensers are introduced in the line
conducting from the one station to the other. A condenser may for this purpose
be applied near either station, or it may be introduced into any part of the line, or
several condensers may be introduced along the line. The microphonic appliance
above referred to can be variously modified. For example, between the discs or
blades conducting powders, such as pulverised graphite, bronze, and other powders,
may be introduced with good effect. The battery to which this appliance is
connected is most advantageously arranged with its elements connected for tension,
the junctions of the clements being connected by branch wires to the microphonic
discs or blades, and the terminal wires being connected respectively to the receiving
diaphragm and to one of the plates of the condenser from which the line wire is
led. Instead of voltaic cells, dynamo-electric or magneto-electric machines may be
employed, their several coils being connected in a manner similar to the connections
of the voltaic cells as above stated. Independently of the use of microphonic
appliances, such as those described, the introduction of condensers in the line is of
value for producing distinctness of transmission, whatever be the telephonic
instrument employed. In some cases it has been proposed to employ condensers,

page_text: but only when the electrical currents are of high tension, and when they are
used for transmission of inarticulate sounds, such as musical tones. By the use of
condensers according to this Invention for ordinary telephonic lines, the
distinctness of transmitted articulation is greatly improved, and in consequence
of such improvement in distinctness by this ineans, the sounds may be magnified 5
by any known microphonic appliances, and consequently can be transmitted over
great distances.
SOLITAIRES AND STUDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1880.
GEORGE EVANS, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex.
IN SOLITAIRES AND STUDS.”
"IMPROVEMENTS
A solitaire or stud consisting of two parts, the front and the back. The front
part consists of a pillar and a cross-bar, the back part consists of a tube with a slot,
which latter is acted upon by a spring at the bottom thereof. The spring is
fastened at both ends to the back part of the solitaire or stud. The cross-bar
cuters the tube, is pressed through it, and then turned half-round in the slut
whereby the two parts of the solitaire are locked. My said Invention is simple in
its construction and easily adjusted, and the solitaire or stud may be made of gold,
silver, bronze, or other metal.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Evans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th July
1880.
GEORGE EVANS, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex.
IN SOLITAIRES AND STUDS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to improvements in solitaires and studs, and consists of
a solitaire in two parts, the front part consisting of a pillar and a cross-bar, the
back part consisting of a tube with a slot and a spring at the bottom. The spring
is fastened at both ends to the back part of the solitaire. The cross-bar enters the
tube, is pressed through it, and then turned round, and acted upon by the spring
which locks the two parts.
The pillar may be either of T shape or shape. My Invention can be applied
as a fastening to hand-bags, purses, scont-bottles, and ink-bottles.
I claim the herein before described arrangement of a pillar and cross-bar, and a
tube with a slot and a spring at the bottom.
I further claim the sole application of said Invention to solitaires, studs, hand-
bags, purses, scent-bottles, and ink-bottles.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Evans, have hereunto put my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
Signed and sealed
in presence of
P. O'HALLORAN,
28, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery
W.C.
Lane,
GEORGE EVANS. (1.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR BORING ROCKS AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Stringer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1880.
SAMUEL STRINGER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR BORING ROCKS AND OTHER SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES."
The principal object of this Invention is to construct a portable apparatus for
boring holes in rocks for blasting, but the apparatus may also be employed for
getting coal and for other similar purposes.
According to my Invention the boring is effected by abrasion and pressure and
not by percussion as heretofore.
The apparatus is suspended in a wooden framework by means of a strong cotter
passed through a bolt hole, so that it can be either used in a horizontal or oblique
position or tilted upwards or downwards.
The wooden framework is secured in front of the rock (or other material to be
bored) by screws, spikes, or wedges, or in any other convenient manner.
The apparatus consists of a wrought iron frame, the front part of which is fitted
with a screw nut through which passes a long rod with a fine threaded screw.
One end of this rod is provided with a socket to carry the drill or boring tool.
The screw nut is held in its place by means of two cotters. The other end of the
rod is squared and may have fixed on it a handle for turning the boring rod
direct when the material is comparatively soft, or it may be provided with a spur
wheel in gear with a similar pinion, to the axis of which the handle is fixed in
order to gain more power when boring into harder substances.
The frame of the apparatus is also connected to the wooden framing by means
of two chains (one above and one below), by means of which also it is held in the
horizontal or inclined position required.
The tool which I prefer to use is a wormed screw drill which will clear out the
borings.
It will be evident that this apparatus being fixed in front of a rock or other
substance to be bored or drilled, upon turning the handle the tool will be
turned, and at the same time will be forced slowly forward by means of the fine
threaded screw.
JMPROVEMENTS IN PIERCING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO EMBROIDERING MACHINES GENERALLY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1880. A
communication from abroad by Edouard Charles Joseph Astel, of the City of
Paris, in the Republic of France, Embroidery Designer, and Frédéric de
Martini, Civil Engineer, of Frauenfeld, in the Republic of Switzerland.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "JMPROVEMENTS IN PIERCING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO
EMBROIDERING MACHINES GENERALLY." A communication from abroad by Edouard
Charles Joseph Astel, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France, Embroidery
Designer, and Frédéric de Martini, Civil Engineer, of Frauenfeld, in the Republic
of Switzerland.
The improvements refer to movable punches, which may be applied to all kinds
of embroidering machines for cutting or punching the apertures forming part of
the designs; this mobility admits of using any one of the punches indipendently
of the rest, as may be required, according to the nature of the design, without in
any way affecting the ordinary motion of the machines.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a side view of the improved
movable punches, and Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
a is a metal bar occupying the whole length of the machine b. This bar which
bears the movable punches is connected to the support c, and articulated at the
point d for moving in the direction marked by the arc e in dotted lines.
When the punches f should pierce the tissue to be embroidered they occupy the
position represented in the Drawing, but when they are not required to cut they
are placed in rear, as shown by the dotted lines, Fig. 1, so as to leave the place free
for the movements of the needles. The punches f move on hinges at the point gon
a piece h fixed to the bar a, so that the operator when the punches are in rear,
as in Fig. 1, can turn any number of punches not wanted for use (according to the
requirements of the design) into a position about parallel with the bar a, either
before or during the motion of the machine.
.
The punches fare furnished with a heel j held in position during their action by
a tongue piece k, which can be displaced at will.

page_text: What is considered as the principal feature of the Invention is the mobility of
the punches, admitting of working a variable number as may be required.
These punches may be either binged so as to turn horizontally, vertically, or
obliquely, according to the kind of machine to which they are applied; or they
may be adjusted to slide in a groove, or be arranged any other way, fulfilling the
same object of mobility of the punches.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ACCUMULATORS AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING HYDRAULIC POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wadsworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1880.
ALFRED WADSWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ACCUMULATORS AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
HYDRAULIC POWER."
In performing my Invention I make use of an accumulator provided with a
table or piston which fits inside the accumulator; this table slides on a centre rod
or pillar to keep it steady. To the table are connected rods which pass through
stuffing boxes in the top and bottom of the accumulator; to the top rods are
attached chains passing over sprocket wheels and then completely round two
sprocket wheels (one at each side of the accumulator), and the chains are then
connected to the bottom rods. On the outside of the two lower sprocket wheels
and connected to them are two other sprocket wheels all revolving loose on their
shafts; the outer sprocket wheels are connected together by an endless crossed
chain to ensure a simultaneous action at each side of the table. On one of the lower
sprocket wheel shafts, which is the first motion shaft, is keyed a pinion working
into a spur wheel keyed on to another shaft, on which is also keyed a pinion
working into a spur wheel on the first motion shaft and fixed to and revolving
with the two sprocket wheels. I cause the first motion shaft to revolve and raise
the table or piston, and thus allow the accumulator to be filled with water without
resistance; the motion is then reversed to compress the water and give the power
required. In cases of accumulators constructed on the dead-weight principle, I lift
the weight that gives the pressure by steam power or other mechanical means
before the water is admitted, thereby allowing the accumulator to be filled without
resistance from said table, piston, or dead-weight. I raise the dead-weight or
table at any time when it is necessary to admit water to the accumulator before
the water is admitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bollard, Jesse Helm Waddington,
and Charles Smith, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th
February 1880.
JOHN BOLLARD, of Northwood, near Padiham, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, JESSE HELM WADDINGTON, of Accrington Road, Burnley, in the said
County, Bookkeeper, and CHARLES SMITH, of 16, Lomas Street, Burnley,
aforesaid, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The first part of our Invention relates more particularly to the arrangement
and construction of a vertical loom. In this arrangement we place the taking up
and letting off motions one above the other in such a manner that the warp threads
will be extended in a perpendicular or vertical position in the loom. We cause the
healds to move to and fro horizontally by means of cams, or tappets and levers,
we use the well known
and to keep the cloth distended whilst being woven
revolving temples; the slay is moved upwards and downwards on spindles or slides
by means of cranks or cams for the purpose of beating in the weft. The throw of
the shuttle is effected by means of levers and tappits, and the mechanism for stopping
the loom in the absence or breakage of the weft is similar to the weft stop motion
now in use. By these means the space now required for the loom will be greatly
reduced, and will also allow greater facility to the weaver for piecing broken
ends.
When
The second part of our Invention has for its object the weaving off of the bottoms
of cops. For this purpose we place on the shank end of the shuttle peg a light hollow
tube, the peg having previously been turned or ground down to receive it.
the cop is broached upon the peg, the bottom portion thereof will be upon the
hollow tube; a pin or other projection is secured near the bottom of the peg in such
position that when the weft has been woven or paid off the peg sufficiently to clear
the hollow tube, the weft will be caught upon the pin or other projection, the
remaining portion of the cop will then be compelled to revolve with the hollow tube
before alluded to, thereby weaving off the whole of the cop.
The third part of our Invention consists in improvements in the mechanism for
actuating or picking the shuttle across the shed. We place on each side of the
crank shaft a spur or toothed wheel, which gear into other wheels supported by

page_text: studs on the framing of the loom. On the face of the latter wheels we fix or otherwise
secure a nose bit or projection, for the purpose of striking the picking sticks, and
propelling the shuttle across the shed. The said picking sticks are supported and
allowed to turn freely upon studs fixed on the back part of the loom, and are kept
in contact with the wheels and nose bits before mentioned by springs. Or a grooved
cam may be used as a medium for throwing the shuttle, a provision being made
to allow of a larger or smaller nosebit, as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1880. A com-
munication from abroad by William Harrison Triplett, of the City, County,
and State of New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS." [A communication from
abroad by William Harrison Triplett, of the City, County, and State of New York,
United States of America.]
This Invention has for its object to construct a simple and compact apparatus
adapted for use for household, garden, and other purposes, in which the force can
be regulated at will, according to requirements, and it consists in the employment
of an air chamber placed around the pump stock or barrel, preferably near the
water level, into which chamber the water is forced by the pump plunger, and
the air being thereby compressed the water is forced to the desired place or
elevation.
The pump stock or barrel is provided at its lower end with a stop valve and
filter, and extends beneath the water level, and at its lower end receives the piston
or plunger, whose rod extends to the upper end of the barrel, where it is provided
with a handle for operating the pump. Around the upper end of the rod is a
spiral spring held between a pin or collar on the rod and a guide fixed in the
barrel, so that the spring tends to raise the rod after it is moved down, and thus
assists the operation. On the upper part of the barrel is a nozzle provided with a
cock, and which may be formed with a screwthread to receive a hose coupling. The
air and water chamber or reservoir is secured around the lower portion of the
barrel, the bottom of such reservoir being preferably just above the point reached
by the plunger at its upward movement. In the barrel immediately above the
bottom of the reservoir are holes for the passage of the water. The water raised
by the plunger passes through these holes into the reservoir, and the air being
thereby compressed in the upper part of the chamber the water is delivered in a
continuous stream at equal pressure. By closing the cock in nozzle the pressure in
the air chamber can be made as heavy as required, and on again opening the cock

page_text: the water will be forced out. This form of pump can therefore be used simply to
deliver the water at the nozzle or for sending it to a distance.
The upper end of the barrel may be fitted with a T coupling, to which is attached
a pipe for supplying water to the house, and also a pipe to which a hose is
attached, both of the pipes being fitted with cocks for closing them when desired.
A pivoted lever provided with a spring to assist its operation is connected with
the plunger rod, whereby the pump can be conveniently worked, but a crank wheel
may be used in place of the lever if desired.