Improvements in and connected with Vapourisers for Oil Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 3rd May, 1899-Accepted, 10th June, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Vapourisers for Oil Engines.
I, TOM GRAVES SMITH, Engineer, a Director of Messrs. Humpidge, Holborow
and Company, Limited, of Dudbridge Iron Works, Stroud, in the County of
Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to vapourisers for oil engines, and its object is to produce
a vapouriser capable of evaporating oil of high flashing point, and producing a
thoroughly effective and clean explosive mixture in the motor cylinder.
My invention consists in an apparatus which is arranged to effectively heat
a portion of the air charge of an oil engine by passing that air charge over baffle
plates, and finally around a spindle furnished with alternate wings or louvre
plates. This last spindle with projecting wings serves to secure the evaporation
of the oil which is injected above, and impinges upon the wings.
This part of my invention may be carried into effect in several modifications,
but the essential feature remains the same, the central spindle with projecting
louvre plates.
Another part of my invention relates to a method of measuring an oil charge
into the vapouriser, and also to means of changing the volume introduced at each
charge to the cylinder by a simple regulating device.
In a vapouriser constructed in accordance with one modification of my inven-
tion, I arrange a small chamber which I bolt up against the inlet vapour passage
of the engine. This chamber contains a lift valve operated positively, which valve
is controlled by the governor, and determines the admission of the vapour charge
when an explosion is to be given in the engine. Attached to this chamber I pro-
vide a vapouriser connecting by a suitable passage with the chamber. The side
walls of this passage I make of comparatively small metal section in order to
reduce the conductivity of heat from the vapouriser. I provide an ignition tube,
which tube I cause to project from a nipple or plug screwed into the said chamber.
I prefer to arrange the ignition tube horizontally, and I surround it with a shield
lined with asbestos of any usual construction. I heat the tube by means of a
Bunsen oil lamp of the "Etna" type or other known construction giving a smoke-
less flame. Above the ignition tube I arrange the vapouriser, and I cause the hot
gases from the oil burner to pass around the central passage of the vapouriser,
heating at the same time the inner walls of an annular space surrounding the
annulus which forms the chimney for the process of combustion. The products
pass out at the upper side of the apparatus. The air annulus I provide by slipping
a turned cap over flanges projecting from the inner walls. Within this annulus
I provide deflector or louvre plates, which plates conduct the air current, admitted
below, around the whole heated surface before the air reaches the central part of
the vapouriser. This central part consists of a bored out circular chamber, which
has let into it from above a projecting spindle, which spindle terminates in a
plug end. This plug end fits into a recessed aperture in the upper part of the
vapouriser, and is held in position by a suitable clip plate and screws, so that the

page_text: spindle may readily be removed for cleaning. The spindle carries projecting
wings turned to fit the central aperture, and these wings alternate so as to cause
the air and oil introduced to pursue a zigzag course.
I introduce the oil from a feed pump or other measuring contrivance just above
the upper wing on the wing spindle. The oil is partially sprayed or forced upon
these wings, and it is vapourised on its way to the cylinder by contact with the
sides of this hot space containing the wings. The passage containing the wings,
after leaving the spindle, turns at right angles, passes along to the vapour chamber,
bolted on to the engine cylinder, passing again at right angles before entering
the engine. By this device the heat from the igniter tube lamp is thoroughly
utilised, and any ordinary oil is thoroughly vapourised before it enters the cylinder.
In another modification of my apparatus, instead of providing an annular air
chamber for heating the air before it comes into contact with the central vapour-
ising chamber carrying the spindle with wings I provide three cylindrical chambers
close to each other, which chambers carry three spindles with wings. The
chambers are arranged in series, and a movable cap placed above them connects
the ends of the cylindrical spaces. This cap. permits of easy cleaning. The air is
heated in the first two cylindrical spaces by deflection from the projecting wings,
and it then passes down the last chamber of the series, which is arranged to be
more exposed to the heat of the lamp than the others. The oil is injected above the
top wing of the last chamber, and is vapourised just as I have described in the
previous case. I prefer to arrange this vapouriser cylindrical in external form
and I arrange the outer cylinder to act as a funnel carrying off the products of
combustion from the igniter tube lamp.
1
The last two modifications which I have described are arranged vertically, that
is, the vapourising cylinders or air heating annulus is arranged to be vertical.
In another modification, which I will now describe, I arrange the air to pass,
as well as the vapour, in a horizontal direction. Instead of providing a spindle
with wings, I provide the horizontal space with horizontal partitions and vertical
ribs or wings. I lead the air in along a horizontal channel to one end of this
chamber above the horizontal rib, and I pass the air along this rib deflected by
the wings or projections upon the rib to the other end. The heated air then passes
downwards meets the oil injected at that end, and travels with the oil underneath
the rib again in contact with the various projections or wings, and ultimately
reaches the engine by means of the vapour chamber and the vapour valve as
before described.
I provide a chamber outside of these heating and vapourising devices to confine
the products of combustion from the igniter tube lamp, which products serve in
every case to provide the necessary heat, not only for the purpose of the hot tube,
but for the purpose of vapourising.
In one method of constructing the horizontal chamber, hereinbefore described,
I bore out a cylindrical vapourising chamber, and provide a cast projecting rib,
which rib I provide with deflecting projections or wings, and turn up the whole
to fit the cylindrical chamber. This device also produces a most effective
vapouriser.
In carrying out the oil measuring part of my invention, I arrange an oil valve
opening to a vapouriser. This valve is of the pin type, and is arranged vertically,
the pin projecting downwards. At the side of the chamber so formed I provide
a plug cock with a large aperture. The angle of this aperture determines the
capacity of the chamber surrounding the pin valve. I pump into this chamber
an excess of oil from the oil pump. The volume of oil retained around the pin
valve then depends upon the position of the regulating plug. When the regulat-
ing plug is so turned as to only allow of a shallow pool of oil, the engine receives a
smaller charge when the plug is turned round with an increased depth of oil
column, then the oil charge is increased. In this arrangement I always pump a
constant quantity of oil in excess of the requirements of the engine, and I allow

page_text: overflow to the oil reservoir of the excess oil which overflow is determined by the
position of the plug valve which I have described.
By a combination of the devices I have hereinbefore indicated, I obtain an
oil engine which gives excellent results, both as to efficiency of vapourising, and
uniform and powerful ignitions.
دمت
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with Vapourisers for Oil Engines.
I, TOM GRAVES SMITH, Engineer, a Director of Messrs. Humpidge, Holborrow,
and Company Limited, of Dudbridge Iron Works, Stroud, in the County of
Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to vapourisers for oil engines, and its object is to produce
a vapouriser capable of evaporating oil of high flashing point, and producing a
thoroughly effective and clean explosive mixture in the motor cylinder.
My invention consists in an apparatus which is arranged to effectively heat
a portion of the air charge of an oil engine by passing that air charge over, baffle
plates, and finally around a spindle furnished with alternate wings or louvre
plates. This last spindle with projecting wings serves to secure the evaporation
of the oil which is injected above, and impinges upon the wings.
Another part of my invention relates to a method of measuring an oil charge
into the vapouriser, and also to means of changing the volume introduced at each
charge to the cylinder by a simple regulating device.
In the accompanying three sheets of drawings:-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my improved vapouriser attached to the
cylinder of an engine.
Figure 1 is a sectional plan of the vapouriser on the line X X. Figure 1.
Figure 2 is an end elevation showing the inlet valve through which the charge
is admitted to the cylinder.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of vapouriser.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the same, showing the inlet valve and passage
through which the charge is admitted to the engine cylinder.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively sectional plans of Figures 3 and 4 on the
lines Y Y and Z Z.
Figure is a sectional elevation of a vapouriser, through which the air and
vapour pass in a horizontal direction.
Figure 8 is an end section of the same showing the vapouriser chamber.
Figure 9 is a plan with the vapourising chamber removed showing the horizontal
rib with projecting wings.
Figure 10 is a section of the oil measuring device.
Figure 11 shows the regulating plug whereby the supply of oil is controlled.
Referring to Figures 1, 1 and 2, A is a small chamber bolted against the inlet
passage B of the cylinder. This chamber contains a lift valve, operated positively,
which is controlled by the governor, and determines the admission of the vapour
charge. Dis the vapouriser which is attached to the chamber A and connects
therewith by a passage E. The side walls of this passage are of comparatively
small section, in order to reduce the conduction of heat from the vapouriser.. F is

page_text: the ignition tube which projects horizontally from a nipple or plug G screwed into
the chamber A. It is surrounded in the usual manner by a hood H lined with
asbestos. The ignition tube and vapouriser are heated by means of a Bunsen
oil lamp K, of the "Etna" type, or other well-known construction giving a smoke-
less flame. The vapouriser 1) consists of a central cylindrical chamber L sur-
rounded by the annuli M and N. The hot gases from the lamp pass round the
annulus M and escape to the atmosphere by the passage m, shown by the dotted
lines in Figure 1. The spindle carrying the projecting wings is turned to
a. plug end at its upper part and held in position inside the chamber L by means
of the clip plate R, so that it may be readily removed for cleaning purposes.
The wings carried by the spindle alternate, as shown, so as to cause the oil
and air to pursue a zigzag course through the chamber L. Air is drawn from the
inlets I, I, through the annulus N provided with deflector or louvre plates n,
which cause the air to pass over the whole surface and become thoroughly heated
before reaching the central chamber L. The oil charge is introduced from a
feed-pump or other measuring contrivance to the chamber L just above the upper
wing of the spindle 7. It is partially sprayed or forced upon the wings from
the supply pipe P, and, on its way to the cylinder, it becomes thoroughly vapour-
ised, by contact with the wings and the sides of the hot space L. The hot air
from the annulus N mixes with the vapour in the chamber L, and the mixed
charge is drawn through the passage E, and inlet valve C to the engine cylinder.
By the construction above described the heat from the igniter tube is thoroughly
utilised, and any ordinary oil is completely vapourised.
In the modification of my apparatus shown at Figures 3 to 6 inclusive instead
of an annular chamber and central vapourising chamber described, I provide three
cylindrical chambers, each of which contains a spindle provided with projecting
wings The chambers L, M, N', are arranged in series, a removable cap c
placed above them, forming the connection for the ends of the cylindrical spaces.
The cap permits of easy cleaning of the chambers and spindles. The chambers
are arranged inside of the cylindrical casing D at the bottom of which is pro-
vided the asbestos lined hood H into which projects the ignition tube heated by the
lamp K. The casing D forms a funnel for carrying off the heated products of
combustion from the lamp. The air drawn through the passage c¹ is heated in
its passage through the chambers M, N, by deflection from the projecting wings (1
on the spindles 1. It mixes with the oil vapour in the chamber L', the oil being
injected from the pipe l' on to the projecting wings in contact with the hot walls
of the chamber. The mixture is drawn from the chamber L' by the passage E
and valve C into the engine cylinder as before.
In the modification shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9, the air and oil vapour pass
in a horizontal direction through the vapouriser. Instead of the spindle with
projecting wings, I provide the chamber L² with a horizontal rib or partition /3.
upon which are cast the vertical wings. The air is drawn along the horizontal
channel m' to one end of the rib 2. It then passes downwards at the end of the
chamber L², where it meets the oil injected from the pipe P. The oil is vapour-
ised on the projecting wings at the lower side of the rib 18, and the mixture of
vapour and air is drawn into the cylinder through the passage E and valve Cas
before. The heated products of combustion from the lamp K pass round the
chamber L and air channel m¹, and escape to the atmosphere through the
funnel m², which is formed upon the outside casing 1). In constructing this form
of horizontal vapouriser the horizontal rib with projecting wings is cast upon the
part which is fixed to the engine cylinder and turned up to fit the vapourising
chamber L2 which, with its attached air chamber is fixed inside the casing D
The rib may thus be wholly withdrawn from the chamber L2 for cleaning purposes.
This horizontal arrangement produces a most effective vapouriser.
It is to be understood that only a small portion of the air charge passes through
the vapouriser, the remainder being drawn into the cylinder through the ordinary
air valve, without previous heating.

page_text: In Figures 10 and 11 which illustrate the method of carrying out the oil
measuring part of my invention, A' is a valve of the pin type, arranged in a
chamber B which may be suitably connected at B2 to the vapouriser. At the
side of the chamber B is provided a plug cock C with a large aperture D'.
The angle of the aperture Di determines the capacity of the space E¹ surrounding
the pin valve. An excess of oil is pumped through the pipe F¹ into the space E¹,
and the volume of oil retained then depends upon the position of the regulating
cock C¹ the excess overflowing by the pipe G¹. When the plug C₁ is so turned as
to leave only a shallow pool of oil round the valve A', the engine receives only a
small charge: when the plug C¹ is turned so as to leave an increased oil column,
then the oil charge is increased. In this arrangement a constant quantity of oil,
in excess of the requirements of the engine, is always pumped into the chamber B,
the excess overflowing to the oil reservoir, the amount of this overflow being
determined by the position of the plug valve C.
obtain an oil
By a combination of the devices I have hereinbefore indicated,
engine which gives excellent results both as to efficiency of vapourising and power-
ful ignitions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In oil or other hydrocarbon engines the combination of an air heating
chamber or air heating chambers with a fluid vapourising chamber provided with
a spindle carrying projecting alternate wings or louvre plates, substantially as
described.
2. In oil or other hydrocarbon engines, the combination of a spindle carrying
projecting louvre plates with a vapouriser arranged substantially as herein before
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination of a spindle or spindles carrying projecting louvre plates
with a vapouriser arranged substantially as herein before described with references
to Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The construction and arrangement of vapouriser substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying draw-
ings.
5. In oil or other hydrocarbon engines, providing means for varying the amount
of fluid introduced at each charge to the cylinder by regulation of the overflow
from a chamber supplied with said fluid substantially as described.
6. In oil or other hydrocarbon engines,, the arrangement of oil supply regulat-
ing device, substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 10
an 11 of the accompanying drawings.
11 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of May 1899.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C..
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.