CERTAIN NEW AND IMPROVED METHODS OF GENERATING AND CREATING OR APPLYING POWER BY MEANS OF STEAM OR OTHER FLUIDS, ELASTIC OR NON-ELASTIC, FOR DRIVING OR WORKING ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY, (INCLUDING THE STEAM ENGINES NOW IN USE,) AND WHICH ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CONDENSING OF STEAM AND OTHER AQUEOUS VAPOURS IN DISTILLATION OR EVAPORATION, AND ARE USEFUL IN VARIOUS MANUFACTORIES AND OPERA- TIONS WHERE HEAT IS EMPLOYED AS AN AGENT, OR WHERE THE SAVING OF FUEL IS DESIREABLE
Year: 1816

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NEVILLE, of Wellington Street, Northampton Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty George the Third, King, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourteenth day of August now last, did, for Himself, His heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James Neville, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence that I and they, by myself and
themselves, or by my and their deputy and deputies, servants, and agents, or
such others as I and they should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time, and at all times thereafter, during the term of fourteen years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and also in all His
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN NEW AND
IMPROVED METHODS OF GENERATING AND CREATING OR APPLYING POWER BY MEANS OF
STEAM OR OTHER FLUIDS, ELASTIC OR NON-ELASTIC, FOR DRIVING OR WORKING ALL
KINDS OF MACHINERY, (INCLUDING THE STEAM ENGINES NOW IN USE,) AND WHICH ARE
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CONDENSING OF STEAM AND OTHER AQUEOUS VAPOURS IN
DISTILLATION OR EVAPORATION, AND ARE USEFUL IN VARIOUS MANUFACTORIES AND OPERA-
TIONS WHERE HEAT IS EMPLOYED AS AN AGENT, OR WHERE THE SAVING OF FUEL IS
DESIREABLE," in such manner as to me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should seem meet, to hold the said licence to me, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, for the term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters
Patent immediately ensuing; and in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, obliging me, the said James Neville, particularly to describe and ascer-
tain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Neville, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in the explanation thereof now next following (that is to say):-
I declare the first part of my Invention to consist in simple methods of em-
ploying the expansive properties of steam or other elastic fluids to a greater
extent than hitherto practiced, instead of condensing or allowing them to escape
whilst they still retain any useful degree of power, and for applying them to
communicate motion to every description of machinery, or for any other pur-
poses where motion or power may be required. This I effect by causing elastic
fluids to ascend through mediums of those denser fluids which are commonly
termed non-elastic, and which will bear a higher temperature without being
converted into vapour, so that the steam or other. elastic fluid thus applied may.
not be condensed therein. Of the application of this principle I shall here give
one general example. In Fig. one 1 in the Drawings annexed to this Speci-
fication let A, B, C, D, represent a vessel closed in all parts except at D, H,
and suppose the space C, D, E, F, to be filled with any of those fluids which:
are commonly termed non-elastic, and which will bear and is heated to a higher
temperature than that of the fluid to be admitted at the time of. its admission
in the manner after stated, without being decomposed or converted into vapour..
Then let the space.A, B, E, F, be a vacuum or filled with any very light or
expanded fluid, and suppose the altitude of the fluid C, D, E, F, if A, B, E, F,
be a vacuum, or the altitude of the fluid C, D, E, F, added to the elasticity of
any light or expanded fluid in A, B, E, F, to cause a pressure on the base at
D, H, equal to fifteen pounds on the square inch, or any other given pressure,
being less than the elasticity of the fluid to be introduced. Then suppose a
quantity of steam or other elastic fluid to be admitted by the pipe G, through
D, H; it will instantly ascend in the perpendicular line D, E, and it will con-
tinue to expand according to the different altitudes or densities of the medium
through which it passes, the ratio of which expansion is represented by the
hyperbola H, T. D; H, expresses the original quantity of the elastic fluid

page_text: admitted, and E, F, the final expansion; and the area E, F, I, H, D, multiplied
by the relative specific gravities of the elastic fluid and the medium through
which it passes, will be the sum of the power thus created. It is evident from
this position that the more the steam or other elastic fluid during its ascent
expands, the greater power will it communicate to any system to which it may
be applied. By this action of steam or other elastic fluid on any of those fluids
which are generally termed non-elastic, I produce a direct rotary motion, if such
motion be required, in the following manner :-Fig. 2 represents a section view
of my cylindrical rotary engine. A, B, C, D, shews the outside cylinder, which is
closed at both ends, as represented in Fig. 3, to which cylinder are attached the
steam pipe E, E, and the eduction pipe F, F. In the interior of this cylinder
is placed another cylinder G, H, I, K, formed with projecting rims or flanches
at each end of it, and extending completely round the same, similar to the
shrouds of over-shot water wheels, and marked in Fig. 2, G, N, H,O, I,P,
K, Q, leaving sufficient space between the projecting rims or flanches G, N,
H,O, I, P, K, Q, of the cylinder G, H, I, K, and the internal periphery of the
cylinder A, B, C, D, to permit the internal cylinder, together with its rims
or flanches, to revolve freely within the external one on its axis L, which passes
through the centre of both cylinders. Round the periphery of the cylinder
G, H, I, K, I form a number of buckets similar to those used in over-shot water
wheels, by fixing curved plates m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m,
m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, at equal distances between the said projecting rims or
flanches of the said cylinder G, H, I, K, the ends of which plates are to be
closely joined to the sides of the said rims or flanches, and the bottoms of the
said plates to the periphery of the said cylinder G, H, I, K. The space between
the two cylinders is to be in part filled with any dense fluid body capable of
bearing a high temperature without being decomposed or being converted into
vapour, as before stated in Fig. 1. To the eduction pipe F, F, is to be affixed
a condensing vessel and air pump similar to those attached to the steam engines
now in use, and which are too well known to require any description. Then,
if the dense fluid body with which the space between the two cylinders is in part
filled, as aforesaid, be heated so as not to condense the steam to be afterwards
admitted, and the usual vacuum be formed in the condensing vessel and the
steam be admitted through the steam pipe E, E, into one of the lower buckets,
it will ascend and fill such bucket, displacing the denser fluid which was therein,
and by that means raise the altitude of such denser fluid; it will then fill the
next higher bucket, and so on, until motion be communicated to the system.
The light shade in the buckets is intended to shew the expansion of the steam
or other elastic fluid in each bucket as they ascend when the engine is at work,

page_text: and the darker shades the position of the denser fluid. Fig. 3 represents a
perspective view of the exterior of the above engine, and the axle L comes out
of the cylinder A, B, C, D, through the stuffing box R, R. I shall next de-
scribe my method of applying the above principle to an elliptical rotary engine.
The principles of its action are similar to those already described in the cylin-
drical rotary engine, Figures 2 and 3, viz., by the ascent or expansion of steam
or other elastic fluids through a denser medium capable of bearing a higher
temperature than such steam or elastic fluid employed at the time of its
employment, without being decomposed or being converted into vapour and
heated to such higher temperature. Figure 4 represents a perspective view of
the exterior of my elliptical rotary engine, which may be formed by the six
distinct castings A, B, C, D, E, F, the metal of which must be of sufficient
thickness to resist the intended pressure; those in Figure 4 are represented as
bolted together by their flanches G, H, I, K, L, and m, and leave a space inside,
which is represented in the section Figure 5. To the semicircular bottom is joined
the steam pipe N, N, and to the semicircular top is affixed the eduction pipe 0, 0,
for the admission and discharge of the steam or other clastic fluid employed.
In the cavities or spaces at the top and bottom of the engine are placed two
axles or shafts P, P, on each of which two wheels or one cylinder Q, Q, revolve.
In each of these wheels or cylinders are notches 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, r, r, r, r, and round these wheels or cylinders revolve the double
chains S, S, which are made similar to the chains now used in working chain
pumps, and are formed by plates or joints, joined at equal distances by the
bolts t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t,
t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, t, which bolts correspond to the said notches of the wheels or
cylinders into which they act, and when moved communicate motion to the
system. To each joint of the chains S, S, is attached a bucket of sheet iron,
copper, or any other metal or substance capable of bearing the temperature and
pressure of the fluids to be employed. These buckets may be of any convenient
shape, and are severally marked out by the letters U in Figures 5 & 6, so that these
chains, with the system of buckets thereon, as represented by Figure 6, may revolve
on the aforesaid wheels or cylinders in the direction from V to W, without any ob-
struction. These buckets ascend from V to W, with their bottoms reversed or
mouths downwards, and descend in the opposite column of the engine from X to
Y, in the contrary position; in the bottom of each bucket is inserted a small pipe
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, Figure 5, and z, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, z, Figure 6, which pipe comes nearly to the
top of each bucket, and is open at both ends, so that if more steam or other
elastic fluid be admitted than the bucket will contain, it will pass through the said

page_text: pipe into the bucket which is above it, and so on until any number of buckets
are filled, but which process of the steam passing through the pipes is only
necessary to start the engine in the first instance; these buckets are made of
such a size as to revolve freely within the internal space of the said castings
A, B, C, D, E, F, Figures 4 and 5, and which space is to be filled to any
required height (corresponding to the intended quantity and elasticity of the
steam or other fluid which is to be admitted therein) with any dense fluid that
will bear a greater or higher temperature than that of the steam or other clastic
fluid to be employed in the said engine, without being decomposed or converted
into vapour; then if such dense fluid be heated to the required temperature,
and steam or any clastic fluid whose pressure is greater than the weight of
the dense fluid in the engine, be admitted through the steam pipe N, N, the
said elastic fluid will instantly ascend therein and occupy one of the lower
buckets, and will displace the denser fluid therein, which will increase the alti-
tude of the same in the engine, and the clastic fluid will successively continue
to occupy each bucket by passing through the pipes z, z, z, z, z, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, Figure 5, until the pressure of the steam or
other elastic fluid is equal to the resistance or load to be overcome by the
engine, and it will then commence its motion in the direction above described;
as each bucket passes the pipe N, N, in succession, it will receive the necessary
quantity of steam or other elastic fluid. This quantity will depend on the
clasticity or pressure of such fluid, and its admission through a cock or valve
at a is regulated by a centrifugal governor, or other of the well-known con-
trivances to regulate the motion of the engine. The power of this engine is
communicated from both or either of the shafts or axles P, P, which are turned
true, and pass air-tight through the stuffing boxes b, b, b, b, Figure 4, and
b, b, b, b, Figure 12. The effect of this engine will be similar to the first
I have introduced these two
described, and produces a rotary motion.
examples, which are sufficient to elucidate the first part of my said Invention,
namely, the application of steam or other elastic fluids by their ascent in those
denser fluid mediums which are commonly termed non-elastic, and of employing
their expansive properties in any proportion which may be considered desireable;
and I reserve to myself the sole right and adoption of this part of my Invention,
without confining myself to the various and different modes of mechanical appli-
cation of which it is capable. I declare the second part of my said Invention
to consist in increasing the quantity or volume of steam or other elastic fluid em-
ployed by means of heat, without augmenting its elasticity or rendering the same
dangerous. This I effect by causing the steam or other elastic fluid to pass or
ascend, either by means of pipes or otherwise, through any fluid or other medium

page_text: which will bear a higher temperature than that existing in the steam or other
elastic fluid whose volume I wish to increase, or thro' any other medium or
system whereby I can communicate heat to the said steam or other elastic fluid,
or any other of those which are commonly termed non-elastic; but as their
sudden increased elasticity, temperature, or expansion might be dangerous, one
of the means I employ to effect this without danger is an expanding boiler,
receiver, or rarifier, which is represented by Figure 7. Let A, B, C, D, be a
cylinder or other shaped receiver, of cast iron or any other suitable substance,
open at the bottom, which is connected to the square base E, F, G, H, by
flanches or otherwise, and thro' which base the square case I, K, L, M, passes,
forming a furnace and ash-pit therein, whereby the contents of the cylinder
A, B, C, D, and of the base E, F, G, H, may be heated to any required tem-
perature; let there be placed in the cylinder A, B, C, D, another cylinder
N, O, P, Q, of smaller diameter, formed also of cast iron or any other suitable
substance, but of the same height as the cylinder A, B, C, D, so that it may
be moved freely up and down without touching the sides of the cylinder
A; B, C, D. The cylinder N, O, P, Q, is inverted and closed at the top, and
is suspended from the cast iron arch R by the weight and chain S, S, S, S,
which passes over the pullies T, T; the gravity of the cylinder N, O, P, Q, is
thereby diminished in any degree corresponding to the required elasticity of
the steam or other fluid to be contained therein, and it will in this respect
resemble a gasometer used for the retention of gases, but it is here applied for
a new and different object. In the top of the cylinder N, O, P, Q, I
place a common safety valve U, the construction of which is so well known
as to require no explanation here. Let the base E, F, G, H, be filled, and
the cylinder A, B, C, D, in part filled with oil, or any of the mediums com-
monly termed non-elastic before described or alluded to, and let the pipe
v, v, v, v, v, be inserted in the base, thro' which pipe the steam or other elastic
fluid is to pass, and when the oil or other medium is heated to the required
temperature, which will depend on the intended extent to which the steam or
other fluid is to be rarified, expanded, or heated, then if the steam or other
fluid be admitted thro' the pipe v, v, v, v, v, from a common steam engine
boiler, or elsewhere, it will, by passing thro' the heated oil or other medium,
acquire a similar temperature, and consequently an increased elasticity; but the
cylinder N, O, P, Q, being loaded to one, two, or three pounds on the square
inch, or to any other elasticity required, and being at liberty to rise, then, if the
pressure of the steam or other fluid which enters therein becomes greater than
required, it will immediately raise the cylinder N, O, P, Q, and expand in
the space thereby formed; should the quantity thus expanded be greater than

page_text: required, then the cylinder N, O, P, Q, as it ascends, will act on the lever W, W,
which is connected by the rod X, X, to the lower lever Y, and will thereby
close the valve or cock Z, and shut off or regulate the admission of the steam
or other fluid corresponding to the required elasticity and expenditure. The
lever W, W, is loaded at a, and when the cylinder N, O, P, Q, descends, the
valve or cock Z is thereby again re-opened, by which means a regular quantity
or supply of steam will be admitted into the receiver; but should the supply
or the elasticity of the steam increase beyond the required proportion, it will
lift the safety valve U, and escape thereby. The pipe b, b, b, b, conveys the
fluid thus rarified from the expanding receiver to the engine, or for any other
purpose where heated fluids may be required; by this contrivance, one cubic foot
of steam or other elastic fluid may, without materially augmenting their
sensible heat, be converted into 20 or 30 times their volume, or to any other
extent, without increasing or diminishing their original elasticity, unless such
should be required.
The quantity or increase of sensible heat necessary to expand the volume
or augment the elasticity of steam or other elastic fluids to any given extent is
so generally understood or defined, that I consider it unnecessary to specify the
ratio of such temperature or expansion; tho' the quantity of heat employed for
this purpose may appear small compared with the great result which it is
capable of producing, yet it will be found that a very considerable proportion
of caloric will be absorbed in a latent state by rarifying or expanding all aeri-
form fluids. I consequently have adopted the following methods for employing
or returning the heat thus absorbed or expended in such operations; this I
effect by seperating or abstracting the heat which has been artificially or other-
wise combined with any fluid bodies, either for the purpose of rarifying or
expanding the same, or for any other object where it may be necessary to
apply heat to such bodies. For this purpose I have invented what I denomi-
nate a gradual caloric abstractor, which is founded on the established principle,
that heat diffuses itself equally in all directions, or is disposed to create an
equilibrium in the temperature of all bodies in actual contact with each other;
of which part of my Invention the following i a description
Figure 8 repre-
sents a section view of my gradual caloric abstractor, in such position that
the whole may be seen. A 1, A 2, A 3, A 4, A 5, A 6, are cylinders made of
cast iron or any other convenient substance; A 1 being one foot, A 2 eleven
inches, A 3 ten inches, A 4 nine inches, A 5 eight inches, A 6 seven inches
in their several and respective internal diameters, and each being four feet long;
thro' the center of A 1 pass 29 thin metal tubes; thro' the center of A 2.
twenty-three like tubes; thro' the center of A 3, nineteen of like tubes; thro'
-

page_text: the center of A 4, sixteen of like tubes; of A 5, thirteen like tubes; and of
A 6, nine of such like tubes; each of such several tubes so passing thro' the
said several cylinders being about one inch diameter, and severally marked
with the letter c. These tubes pass through the circular plates bb, bb, bb, bb,
bb, bb, and the communications between these pipes are formed by curved
flanched pipes D, D, D, D, D, which together with the circular plates bb, b b
bb, bb, bb, bb, are securely bolted or otherwise secured to the main or
outside cylinders A 1, A 2, A 3, A 4, A 5, A 6; and which cylinders have a
direct communication with each other by means of the pipes marked E, E, E, E, E;
hence there will be a continued passage thro' the cylinders from the pipe
F, to the pipe G, and also a seperate and distinct passage thro' the said
metal tubes severally marked c, by means of the curved flanched pipes marked
D, D, D, D, D, from the pipe H to the pipe I; then if any heated fluid be
admitted thro' the pipe H, and passed thro' the said metal tubes and curved
flanched pipes in direction of the arrows in the said curved flanched pipes, it
will discharge itself at the pipe I, and if at the same time a current of any
similar or other fluid of less temperature be admitted at the pipe F, and
passed through the cylinders A 6, A 5, A 4, A 3, A 2, and A 1, by means of
the pipes E, E, E, E, E, to the pipe G, in the direction of the arrows marked
in the said pipes E, E, E, E, E, so as to discharge itself at the said pipe G, it
will be found that the heated fluid, in moving through the metal tubes, will
impart its whole excess of temperature to the colder fluid which is in contact
with the outside surfaces of the said metal tubes severally marked c, and which
continues its motion through the main cylinders A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6;
hence the fluid in the cylinder A 1 will acquire the temperature of the heated
fluid where it first entered the metal tubes at II, and the fluid in each succes-
sive cylinder or division of the system will acquire a temperature nearly equal
to the temperature which the said fluid retains during its passage through the
several tubes marked c, that pass through each successive cylinder, or the
warmer fluid will in each division impart a certain portion of its heat, which
the cooler fluid receives, and the caloric of the warmer fluid will be abstracted
by the cooler fluid, till an equilibrium of temperature, or nearly so, between the
two fluids is effected in each cylinder. For example, suppose the temperature
of the fluid which enters the metal tubes at H to be 180 degrees, and that of
the fluid which enters the system at F to be 30 degrees, the fluid entering the
system at H will, when discharged at I, be reduced to 30 degrees, or there-
abouts, and the cooler fluid which enters the system at F will, when discharged
at G, be raised to 180 degrees, or thereabouts. I claim the right of thus apply-
ing any fluids, either clastic or such as are commonly termed non-elastic, in the

page_text: manner before described, or in any other manner whereby such proposed
effects can be produced at any degree or degrees of temperature which may
be found necessary or convenient in practice in the various operations
where heated elastic fluids, or those fluids commonly termed non-elastic,
may be applied or required. Figure 9 shews a perspective view of the
exterior of one system of tubes with the circular plates, to which the curved
flanched pipes D, D, D, D, D, in Figure 8 are fastened, and the several tubes
are severally marked with the letter c, and the circular plates bb, as in
Figure 8, and such tubes severally marked c, are fastened in the circular
plates bb, either by stuffing boxes or otherwise, so as to allow for any expansion
or contraction either of the tubes severally marked c, or of the several cylinders
A 1, A 2, A 3, A 4, A 5, A 6. Figure 10 represents a perspective view of a
rarifier, and the gradual caloric abstractor. F, F, represent a pipe to convey
the steam or other elastic fluid from the common steam boiler where the steam
is formed, or, in cases of other fluids being used, from the place where the same
is or are formed or collected, and pass into the cylinder A 6, at 1, which is
connected with A 5, A 4, A 3, A 2, and A 1, in the manner described in
Figure 8, and is conveyed through the said cylinders A 5, A 4, A 3, A 2, and
A 1, as in Figure 8, to the pipe G, Figure 10, and is thence conveyed by the
said last-mentioned pipe G into the expanding boiler, receiver, or rarifier K, K,
which is similar to the base E, F, G, H, in Figure 7, and which has also a
furnace and ash-pit T, T, similar to the one marked I, K, L, M, in Figure 7.
To the said boiler, receiver, or rarifier K, K, is connected by the pipe M, the
cylinder or vessel L; the pipe M being open at both ends, and having one end
introduced into the boiler, receiver, or rarifier K, K, and the other end introduced
into the vessel L, which said boiler, receiver, or rarifier K, K, and the said
cylinder or vessel L, I use for another mode of heating, rarifying and expanding
steam or other elastic fluids, instead of the apparatus in Fig. 7; and I effect this in
the following manner :-Suppose the base K, K, to be in part filled with oil, or
other dense medium, which will bear a higher temperature than that of the
steam or other elastic fluid introduced into the said boiler, receiver, or rarifier,
without being decomposed or converted into vapor, and which will by passing
through the pipe M rise to its level in the cylinder L; in this cylinder is
placed the float N, which is connected by the rod O, O, to the lever P, P, and
which is counterbalanced in any required proportion by the weight Q; the
lever P, P, is further connected by the rod R, to the throttle valve or cock S,
which is placed in the pipe F, F; so that the quantity of steam or other elastic
fluid to be admitted through the said pipe F, F, may be thereby regulated in
manner hereafter described; then, if the oil or other fluid medium contained in

page_text: the said case K, K, be heated by means of the fire contained in the grate or
furnace T, T, Figures 10 and 11, to any degree required, and if steam or other
elastic fluid be admitted through the pipe F, F, and conveyed through the
cylinders A 6, A 5, A 4, A 3, A 2, and A 1, as already described, into the
upper part of the case K, K; which is not occupied by the heated oil or other
dense medium, it will, by coming in contact with the surface of the said heated
medium, acquire a similar temperature, and consequently an increased elas-
ticity, and will thereby press on the surface of the aforesaid heated medium,
and cause the same to ascend in the cylinder L, by flowing through the pipe M.
The surface of the medium thus raised in the cylinder L will act on the
float N, and thereby cause it to ascend and close the throttle valve or cock S,
whereby the further admission of the steam or other elastic fluid through
the pipe F; F, will be checked or regulated so that the elasticity or quantity
of the fluid thus admitted shall never exceed the desired extent; and as a
further precaution, and to guard against high pressure of the steam or
other elastic fluid, if suddenly expanded, I place a common safety valve of
sufficient capacity in the top of the cylinder A 1, and marked a, Figure 10,
whereby such elastic or expanded fluid may escape if necessary. When the
steam or other elastic fluid- thus admitted has been heated and expanded to
the extent proposed or desired, it is to be conveyed through the pipe U, U, to
the engine
or other system or apparatus where such heated or expanded fluid
may be applied, and after it has produced the effect there required, it is to be
returned or conveyed therefrom by the pipe H through the system of thin
metal tubes severally marked c, and the curved flanched pipes D, D, D, D, D,
described in Figure 8, in the direction of the arrows in the said curved
flanched pipes D, D, D, D, D, Figure 10, to the pipe I, from whence it
issues to a condenser, or any other receiver, or open space, having in its
passage through the said tubes, severally marked c, yielded up so much of its
caloric as to reduce its temperature to the temperature of the fluid or medium
passing in the opposite direction through the cylinders A 6, A5, A4, A3, A 2, A1,
at the time it was originally introduced at the pipe F, F. The case marked
v, v, v, v, in Figures 10 and 11, with its use, will be described hereafter.
Figure 12 represents my rarifier and gradual caloric abstractor, connected
to one of my elliptical rotary engines; letter A represents a common steam
boiler, such as is now used for the purpose of generating steam for the common
steam engine, which is furnished with the usual apparatus, such as a feeding
pipe, a safety valve, gage pipes and cocks, reverse safety valve, man-hole,
pipe, &c., and supplied with water in the usual manner, and heated either in
the manner now employed by a fire under the boiler, or in the manner here-

page_text: after mentioned. After sufficient steam has been produced in the boiler A, it
is introduced through the pipe F 2, F 2, into the cylinder A 6, at A 1, and
passes through the several cylinders A 5, A 4, A 3, A 2, and A 1, into the pipe
G2, G 2, as already described in Figures 8 and 10; from the pipe G 2, G 2,
Figure 12, it passes into the rarifier and expander, described in Figure 10,
and marked in Figure 12, K2, K 2, from whence it issues through the
pipe U, U, U, U, into the lower part of the engine, as represented in Figures
4 and 5, where the pipe U, U, U, U, in Figure 12, is represented by N, N.
Before I proceed further, it will be convenient to describe another operation
of my apparatus which is applied to heating the water in the common steam
boiler, and also heating the oil, or other dense medium contained in my
engine. In the furnace T, T, Figures 10, 11, & 12, is a fire with the flame
of which, conducted under the said steam boiler A, I heat, if necessary, the
water in such boiler till steam is produced. To the furnace T, T, is affixed a
metal or other case V, V, as shewn in Figures 10, 11, and 12, which must be
constructed with perfectly tight joints, into which are inserted the pipes
W, W, W; and X, X, X, in Figures 10, 11, and 12, and which pipes pass
out of the sides of the rarifier or expander K 2, K 2, in Figure 12. The
pipe W, W, W, is inserted into the bottom of the engine through the casting
F, Figure 12, and the pipe X, X, X, Figure 12, is introduced into the engine
through the casting C, so as to be below the surface of the dense medium
contained in the said. engine when the same is at rest. The purpose for
which the case V, V, and pipes W, W, W, and X, X, X, in Figures 10, 11,
and 12, are formed, and for which they are used, is to communicate suffi-
cient heat to the oil or other dense. medium. contained in the said engine,
so that the said oil or other dense medium. contained in the said engine
may not condense the steam or other elastic fluid when introduced into
the said engine, as before described, through the pipe U, U, U, U. In the
pipe U, U, U, U, is fixed a cock or throttle valve Y, Fig. 12, to which is
affixed a centrifugal governor Z, Z, and which is driven from any convenient
part of the revolving machinery, the object of which is to regulate the admis-
sion of steam, or other elastic fluid into the lower part of the engine, and
thereby produce an uniform and regular motion; the use and construction of
such governor and valve is so generally known, and so usually affixed to the
steam engines now in use, as not to require here any further description.
When the steam is introduced into the engine through the pipe U, U, U, U.
its operation and effect is described in the section view of my elliptical rotary
engine, Figure 5, and the explanation referring to that Figure, and Figures 4
and 6. When the steam has passed the system of buckets into the eduction

page_text: pipe H 2, H2, H2, H 2, in Figure 12, it passes into the tubes contained in
cylinder A 1, and from thence through the tubes severally marked c, in
Figure 8, and the curved flanched pipes D, D, D, D, D, in Figures 8, 10, and
12, till it issues into and through the pipe I, I, into a common condenser
marked; to this condenser is attached the usual air pump C, both of which
are immersed in a cold water cistern, and which cistern is supplied with
cold water by a pump G, which condenser, air pump, cold water cistern, and cold
water pump are formed in the usual manner, and worked from any convenient
part of the machinery, as is now practised with other engines. The letters
L2, M 2, N 2, 0, 0, P 2, P2, Q 2, R 2, and S 2, in Fig. 12, denote the
regulating cistern or vessel attached to the rarifier and expander K 2, K 2,
and are fully described in Figures 10 and 11. The letter a in Figure 12
represents the safety valve shewn and described in Figures 10 and 11.
I apply the second and third parts of my Invention, jointly or separately, in
the form herein-before described, or in any other convenient form, to the steam
engines now in use, or to any other engine propelled by steam or clastic fluids;
and I reserve to myself the sole right of such application. In order to prevent
the dissipation and loss of heat from the system, I surround my boiler, gradual
caloric abstractor, rarifier, and the engine with the connecting pipes, as far as
I conveniently can without obstructing the operation of the machinery, with
any material which receives and transmits heat slowly. And I further declare
that I vary the shape and situation of all these arrangements according to
convenience and circumstances, and that I make my engines, gradual caloric
abstractors, and rarifying apparatus, of any material, forms, and dimensions
which may be best suited for the various objects and purposes to which the
Invention herein defined or described may be applicable; and I use the several
parts of it either connected or separated, as circumstances may require.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Neville, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
Signed, sealed, and delivered (being
first duly stamped) in the pre-
sence of
JAMES (L.s.) NEVILLE.
TT

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twelfth day of October,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid James Neville came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.