A NEW SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL TO BE USED IN LIEU: OF IVORY AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh William Patrick, of No. 4, Mill Hill Terrace,
Acton, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW
SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL TO BE USED IN LIEU: OF IVORY AND OTHER LIKE
SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 22nd November 1859, and dated the 26th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh William Patrick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th May 1859.
I, HUGH WILLIAM PATRICK, of No. 4, Mill Hill Terrace, Acton, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
A NEW SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL TO BE USED IN LIEU OF IVORY AND OTHER LIKE
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a peculiar compound applicable
to dental purposes, and as a substitute for animal ivory, bone, coral, gutta
percha, or hardened india-rubber.
In preparing my new substance, I employ, either separately or combined,
amber, Canada balsom, the Australian gum cowdry, potato flour or fecula.
With these, or any of them, I find it advantageous to combine meershaum,
paper pulp, calcined bones, fluorate of silicia, sulphate of mercury or other
inetals, chlorides of zinc or other metals, alkaline preparations, asbestos,
fluxed or fritted colors, or finely-powdered pumicestone or sulphur; india-
rubber, or similar gum.
Other resinous, glutinous, or any laceous substances may also be used.
with advantage; but I prefer those enumerated above. The combinations may
be effected in various ways, such as by reducing the gums to solution or hard
[Price 8d.1

page_text: bodies or precipitates, or by the application of heat. The substances, to be
incorporated or combined with the gums should be previously reduced to
suitable fineness for mixing, so as to obtain a plastic mass, which may be
rolled into sheets or other suitable forms for moulding. When shaped or
moulded, the new material is hardened by my application of heat, and will
bear a high polish. It may also be dyed, stained, or otherwise colored, either
when completed, or in the course of manipulation or manufacture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Hugh William Patrick in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Hugh
WILLIAM PATRICK, of No. 4, Mill Hill Terrace, Acton, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Hugh William Patrick, Her special licence that I,
the said Hugh William Patrick, my executors, aministrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Hugh William Patrick, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "A NEW SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL TO BE USED IN LIEU OF IVORY
AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Hugh William Patrick. by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hugh William Patrick, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the production or manufacture of a new

page_text: substance applicable to dental purposes, and generally as a substitute for
animal ivory, bone, coral, hardened gutta percha, or india-rubber.
In preparing my new substance, I employ, either separately or combined in
suitable proportions, amber, Canada balsam, the Australian gum kowrie,
potato flour or fecula, and with these substances, or any of them, I combine
meerschaum, paper pulp, calcined bones, fluorate of silicia, sulphide or
sulphurets of mercury (vermilion) or of other metals, chlorides of zinc or other
metals, alkaline preparations, asbustos, fluxed or fritted colors, or finely-
powdered pumicestone, sulphur, india-rubber, or similar gums.
Other resiuous, glutinous, or any laceous substances may be used with
advantage, but those herein-before enumerated I most prefer in practice.
The combinations may be effected in various ways, such as by reducing the
gums to solution or hard bodies or precipitates, or by the application of
heat. Where solutions are adopted, I dissolve thegums employed in naphtha,
mithilated spirits, chloroform or essential oils, or other suitable solvent,
according to the particular substance to be treated. In this state of solution,
or in a state of precipitate, I mix with the gums above referred to, either
separately or in suitable combinations, the following substances:-Pulverised
meerschaum, paper pulp, calcined bones, fluorate of silicate, sulphide or
sulphurate of mercury, arsenic, or other metals, their substances being first
ground or pulverized to enable them to mix readily. Or they may also be
mixed with the gums whilst they are in a state of fusion; but I prefer to
incorporate them when in a state of solution. The mixture or incorporation
of one or more of the two classes of substances having been effected, I then
evaporate the whole to a thick paste, and when at a proper consistency, it
may be rolled into moderately thick sheets, cut, inanipulated into any form, or
moulded in suitable matrices. Where shaped or moulded, the new material
is hardened by the application of heat, and will bear a very high polish. I
have found in actual practice that a good result has been obtained from the
following proportious and combinations of ingredients:-Say of amber, twelve
ounces; kowrie, three ounces; to be mixed together in solution, to which
solution I add, and thoroughly mix with it, seven ounces of meerschaum ;
the whole is then partially evaporated to a plastic state, and hardened by
heat.
As I have herein-before stated that these substances may be combined with
other
gums than those enumerated, I may observe that I obtain a good result
from the following ingredientsandproportions-Amber,nine ounces; kowrie
one ounce; gum animi, half an ounce; and gum copal, five ounces; these are
dissolved as before, and mixed with seven ounces of meerschaum, one ounce

page_text: When
of paper pulp, and half an ounce of the fluorate of selicia. On the paper pulp
and fluorate of selicia may be replaced by the same quantities of the chlorides
of zinc, or half the quantity of cream of tartar, or three ounces of asbestos
may be substituted for the chloride of zinc and. cream of tartar.
bleached india-rubber or gutta percha are used in the above combinations, I
also propose to add an equal quantity of sulphur. It will be obvious to the
practical man, that the nature and properties of my new substance may be
greatly varied by suitably selecting the gums and other matters herein-before
enumerated, and combining them in different proportions with or without
colouring matter; for example, of a coral-like substance be required, cochineal,
carmine, or vermillion may be added, but the examples which I have given
above have produced the most favorable results. Amongst the most useful
applications of this new material, I may enumerate the following:-Dental
purposes, such as the manufacture of artificial palletsand plates, photographic
purposes, such as the working into sheets or tablets, also the formation of
blocks for engraving and printing purposes, the manufacture of buttons,
combs, brush handles, surgical and dental instruments and handles, pen and
pencil holders or cases, cameos, medallions and ornamental jeweller, musical
instruments, the mouthpieces and mounts of pipes, and similar applications.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be noval
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the application to dental purposes of combinations of the various
substances herein-before set forth.
Second, the application and use to and in the manufacture of artificial
ivory, of amber, Canada balsam, gum kowrie, meerschaum, paper pulp, and
asbestos combined together, or with other substances.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Hugh William Patrick, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
H. W. PATRICK. (L.S.)