Improvements in Gas Producers or Generators.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas Producers or Generators.
I, AUGUST DAUBER, of Bochum, Westfalia, Germany, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-.
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement —
My invention relates to improvements in the furnaces or apparatus for making
gas which is intended to be used for heating purposes, especially in iron making and
all those industries where large quantities of heating gases are required and my
object is to produce such a gas generator which will be able to work any sort of
combustibles, especially also those which hitherto form almost nothing but waste
and cause trouble to the works, such as coal dust and other inferior combustibles,.
bituminous slate, turf, residues from oil works and such like materials.
The gas generators that have been used until now do not answer all these
purposes, they are only fit for the use of comparatively good coal, and they also, on
account of the manner in which the gas is withdrawn from the generator, produce
gases containing a great deal of heavy vaporized hydrogenous carbons,―carburetted
hydrogen-which form tar by condensation and in consequence often cause stoppages.
by obstructing or stopping the gas mains, instead of producing pure, light and
permanent gases.
The introduction of the air into the furnaces and the leading of the gases out
of them and the withdrawing of slags and cinders from them is generally most
unpracticable.
am quite aware that efforts have been made to avoid one or the other of
the defects named, but I am not aware of any design by which all the wants
specified, have been overcome, and in particular, there has no gas generator been
brought out yet, which answers equally well for using any sort of cheap combustible,
including the residues from oil, paraffin, tar and other bituminous materials and
enables one to produce gas from such materials cheaply and continuously.
To realize this, is the object of my invention.
In order to make my gas generator suitable for any sort of combustible I have
invented a special mode of introducing the air, which allows regulation at will, and
this air before being blown into the furnace is heated by the hot gases coming from
the generator and it is blown into the furnace either alone or in combination with
carburetted hydrogen or with combinations of carbon in a solid pulverized or fluid
state or with superheated steam.
In order to obtain permanent gases only, they are withdrawn from the generator
at its bottom only, after having been compelled to pass through the glowing com-
bustibles, and for that purpose, I use an exhauster of any suitable construction and
I arrange a special exit grate.
For cooling the cinders I provide a sump, containing water, below the furnace,
which at the same time serves as a closing means for preventing air entering from
below.
i
My new gas generator is shown on the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the same,
Fig. 2 is a vertical outside view,
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section, partly along line I II, partly along III IV.
Fig. 4 is a plan,
Fig. 5 is a section at right angle to Fig. 1,
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section, left side showing a rectangular shaft, right side
howing a circular shaft.
The gas generator is built in the form of a blast furnace, the shaft A forming an
nverted truncated cone or pyramid.

page_text: Two opposite sides of this pyramid are made to form grates, they are placed in
or below an arch; the space before the front grate C may be shut up by sliding
doors D; the back one E communicates with the gas channel F.
An exhauster, placed in any convenient place in the channel F, draws the gas out.
The fresh air is led into the furnace from the open top and by the tuyeres G.
The regulation of the production is done by adjusting these tuyeres and by
opening or closing more or less the sliding doors D.
Below the bottom of the shaft is arranged a sump H into which the slag and
cinders drop; the same is covered by a brick arch.
This sump is partly filled with water up to such a height that it reaches above
the bottom edge of the cone I, which thus shuts up all communication with the air
outside.
By means of a covered opening K the ashes and cinders can be withdrawn out of
the sump.
Now in order to prevent the combustible from sticking to the side walls of the
pit, for instance when fat or baking coal is used, I apply specially constructed
combined tuyeres L, all round the furnace and at various heights and by means of
these I blow superheated steam and hot air into the furnace and even coal dust or
combinations of carbon in a fluid state, each for itself or in combination with any
of the others.
The steam pipes M and also air pipes are carried through the gas channel so that
part of the heat contained therein may be made use of for heating the air and steam,
and the steam boiler, producing the steam is also so placed that the gases, coming
from the furnace, partly pass round the boiler and give up part of their heat for
producing steam.
At the foot of the front grate C, I provide a stoke hole N so as to be able to
clear the grate from slags and scories sticking to it there.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1). In a gas generator for making gas from any suitable and cheap combustible,
the pit or shaft in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid or cone, having the
bottom quite open and free and being provided at the foot at opposite sides, with
the grates C and E for the admission of air at one side and for the exit of the gases
at the other side, after they have passed through the glowing combustible, as
described and for the purpose set forth.
2). In combination with a gas generator having the pit constructed in the form
of an inverted cone or pyramid being quite open at the bottom and having grates C
and E arranged at opposite sides, the vertical adjustable tuyeres Gentering
into the furnace from the top and the adjustable inclined tuyeres L, entering from
the sides for blowing in air and steam or coal gases in variable mixtures so as to
prevent sticking of the combustible to the side walls of the furnace.
3). The arrangement of the sump H below the sole of the furnace in combination
with the cone I dipping into the water contained in the sump and closing the com-
munication with the air from the bottom, the whole as shown and for the purpose
set forth.
Dated this 25th day of November 1890.
AUGUST DAUBER.
Per Karl S. Mayer,
Agent.