Improvements in Brick-kilns.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date claimed for Patent under Sect. 103 of Act,
being date of first Foreign Application (in 12th Mar., 1892
United States of America),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 20th Sept., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brick-kilns.
We, JOSEPH CONLEY and JAMES MORRIS WOLFE, citizens of the United
States of America, residing at Tarkio, in the County of Atchison and State of
Missouri, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in brick furnaces or kilns.
The object of the invention is to provide a furnace or kiln of improved con-
struction for burning bricks after they have been clamped or dried, said furnace
or kiln being provided with means for regulating the supply of hot or cold air to
the bricks and feeding fuel to different parts of the kiln, as may be needed, as
will be hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims.
By our improved construction we provide a kiln for burning bricks which will
have but a single chimney at one end and openings at the opposite end for starting
the fire, while at intermediate points are flues for admitting air to the interior of
the kiln, said flues having dampers for closing communication between the same
and the furnace.
In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this Specification,
Fig. 1 is a ground plan showing one form of kiln with single center flue
constructed in accordance with our invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a ground plan of a modification showing the flues arranged at the side
of the kiln.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section ou the line y y, Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is sectional view on the line z z, Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line ww of Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a view showing the manner of stacking the bricks in forming the fuel-
chambers.
A designates the end wall of the furnace or kiln, which is provided with an ash-
pit a, having suitable doors, and above the same grate-bars a¹.
Immediately in the rear of the doorway a' are arches of the same width as said
door-ways, but of greater height.
The side walls B B of the kiln are intersected transversely below the ground
level with flues D, which are provided at suitable intervals with apertures d, (shown
in Figs. 5 and 6) over which move dampers d', operated by rods, which extend into
recesses e, formed in the side walls above the flues.
Between each of the cold-air flues or ducts are arranged flues, which connect
with the chimney F, said hot-air flues E having similar dampers to those arranged
over cold-air flues. The hot-air flues in the plan shown in Fig. 1 are all connected
with the central flue E, which leads directly into the chimney F. The side walls
are provided at suitable intervals with arched doorways B³, through which the
attendant can pass and carry the dry bricks and properly stack them within the
kiln.

page_text: Adjacent to each doorway and within the kiln is a paper partition, with board e¹,
located at the bottom between the hot and cold air flues, so that the kiln can be
divided into sections for progressively burning the bricks and utilizing all the
heat from the fuel. The dried bricks to form a clamp are stacked in each section,
as shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings, so as to provide a multiplicity of vertical
spaces k, extending from the floor of the kiln to the top thereof, some of the bricks
projecting into said spaces to provide ledges upon which a certain amount of fuel
may lodge, the straight portions of the spaces registering with the damper-openings
of the hot-air flues. The dampers d¹ of the cold-air flues are midway between
the spaces, as shown in Fig. 7. The bricks are stacked, so that the hot air can
circulate among them. When the bricks have been stacked to near the top of the
kiln, the last two layers are placed close together the flat way of the brick and
clay placed thereon to cover any openings and provide a tight top, with the
exception of the openings leading from the vertical spaces k, said openings being
closed by pots I, having flanges which support the same. These pots are simply
to feed fuel through to the fires at the lower portion of the kiln and upon the
projecting bricks after the furnace, where fire is started, has been closed.
In operation after the dried bricks have been placed in the kiln the fire is
started upon the grate-bars a', the doors leading thereto being left open and the
fuel-pots L closed, while the dampers of the hot-air flues adjacent to said grate-
bars are left open, so that the products of combustion can pass to the chimney.
The fire is continued until the bricks are sufficiently water-smoked. The heat
acting on the lower bricks first, dries them and prevents crushing. After the
bricks in the first compartment are water-smoked the dampers over the first hot-air
flues are closed and the board e¹ withdrawn, thus connecting the first section with
the second section of the kiln to water-smoke the bricks in said second section, and so
on'throughout the kiln. By the time the bricks in the second chamber or compartment
have been water-smoked the fires of the kiln can be fed from the fuel-pots over
the first section, and when said fuel is fed and ignited the doors in front of the
ash-pit and the doors a³ are closed and air admitted through flue D to supply the
products of combustion, these air-flues giving the necessary draft and, being
provided with dampers, the intensity of the heat can be varied. If the attendant
sees at any time that the bottom of the kiln is becoming heated too much in
advance of the top, the dampers can be closed either in bottom of kiln or in neck
of stack.
The partitions e, hereinbefore referred to may be made of paper or equivalent
substance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1st. In a brick kiln, the combination of a furnace having grate bars at one end
and chimney at the other, partitions for dividing the kiln into sections, each section
having an air induction flue and an eduction flue connected with the chimney, said
flues having dampers and means for operating the same, substantially as shown, and
for the purpose set forth.
2nd. In a brick burning furnace or kiln the combination of a main exhaust flue
or chimney, a series of Alues connecting the chimney with the base or bottom of
the kiln, said flues having dampers of air supply flues arranged between hot air
flues, and partitions for separating body of kiln into sections substantially as shown
and for the purpose set forth.
3rd. The combination with a top feed furnace for burning bricks, of air inlet and
heat outlet flues and pots for feeding fuel through to the fires at the lower part of
the kiln and upon the projecting bricks after the furnace where fire is started 'has
been closed, substantially as shown and for the purpose set forth.
4. In combination with a brick-burning furnace constructed substantially as
shown, having a furnace at one end, with grate-bars and a chimney at the other,

page_text: which connects with central and laterally-extending under-ground flues, air-supply
flues arranged alternately with the transverse flues connected with the chimney, and
fuel-feeding receptacles supported by the top of the kiln, substantially as shown,
and for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination, with a furnace or kiln constructed substantially as shown
and adapted to be separated by transverse partitione, of a removable board e',
forming part of each of the partitions, transverse underground flues below the
removable board, and a furnace located at the opposite end of the structure from
the chimney, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 19th day of September 1892.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicants.