Machines.
Year: 1885

page_text: Machines.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of 21 Gower Street, Paisley Road, Ġovan, Lanarkshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows :-
My invention has reference to that great class of mills and machines which are
so far unique in their construction and action, that they are composed of two or
more strong rolls or rollers doing their work under great compression by rolling on
the objective material passed between their circumferential surfaces. And used for
the various purposes of rolling, drawing, pressing, bending and shaping the various
metals into a great variety of shapes and forms; such as plates, bars, rods, wires,
and tubes. And for calleudering and embossing on woven fabrics and paper in
web, also for crushing and pulverising minerals and grains, and for crushing sugar
cane and other vegetable substances for separating their liquid from their solid
matters. In all these machines the rolls or rollers revolve by their journal axes
in bush bearings, which work or slide in their housings and frames to the extent
required for the substance to pass between the acting periphery of the rollers.
All the force exerted has to be sustained by the bushes and the housings and
screws and fittings of the housings. In this way a great part of the power exerted
in these 'mills and machines and work done by them is lost and expended in
friction and producing heat in their said journal bearings. The object of my
invention is to save all or nearly all this great loss of power in these machines and
industries, by my new or improved mechanical motion, consisting of antifrictional
self contained rolling housing, or combinations of the parts thereof, which like the
said mills and machines are unique in themselves, though they require some
elaboration or modification in detail and arrangement of the parts to suit the
different classes of tuills and work; but are substantially analogous in substituting
an equivalent self contained housing antifriction arrangement in all these machines,
instead of the old strain-sustaining frictional bush bearings, which absorb so much
power in friction in these mills and machines heretofore."

page_text: My invention or improvements, as applied to such mills and machines, consists
all as follows:-
In one form this new and improved roll housing, for being used to contain
rolls without axis for use for rolling and drawing the smaller sizes of rods and
tubes or like articles to be operated by the chain of an ordinary draw bench or in
a similar way, consists of a strong metal channel casting. The channel is of a
rectangular form open at the top side and its depth will be somewhat greater than
the length of the rolls to be used in it, and the width equal to the diameter of the
two rolls or pair of drawing rolls to be operated or used in it; there being an
overlapping flange at the top sides to keep the rolls from rising up end wise, and
bevelled out slightly at the entering end of the rolls, having also a guiding groove
formed in the centre of the bottom of the channel or containing guide for holding
the rolls in central line crosswise; and all planed out from the bevelled out mouth
entering end smooth and parallel. The length of this containing antifrictional
housing would be equal to the length of the article to be rolled out in it. One of
the important advantages of this form of roll housing is the facility obtained for
employing steel or hardened rolls of small diameter and consequently reduced area
of roll surface in action. The roll for drawing out say a round rod of iron or steel
of one inch in diameter in a cold state, or for drawing a tube of one inch diameter
over a mandrel, should be say three inches in length and say three inches in
diameter. With these dimensions of rolls each having a semicircular groove
turned in the centre of their length, of the size of the article to be rolled. The
channel roll of the housing should be planed out to three inches deep and six
inches wide, having an overlapped top flange projecting inwards at the top side
about one inch to overlap the top end of the rolls, and a guiding groove cut in the
centre of the bottom of the channel about.four inches broad and one inch deep, in
which is placed a U-shaped guide open at the top end of a width equal to the
diameter of the roll and of the same length as the roll for holding the rolls
in direct transverse line to each other and their axes in a vertical position. Iu
applying the billet to be drawn, it is entered between the rolls at the bevelled
out and entering mouth of the channel housing, and on its being grasped and
drawn through the rolls by tongs or other equivalent means attached to the
chain of a draw bench. The rolls are drawn on the billet in the bevelled
out end of the channel, and on reaching the planed-out parallel part of the
channel close in on the billet with great drawing pressure and roll along the
channel against its containing sides, rolling out and compressing the rod. The rod
is thus drawn through between the rolls at a speed equal to the forward motion
of the rolls, which are held directly opposite each other on the rod (or other article
being operated on) by the U-shaped guide, sliding freely along the bottom groove
formed in the bottom of the channel. This improved housing requires to be of
great strength to withstand the pressure necessary to close the rolls and hold them
together over the billet of metal or thick tube or other article being rolled out.
The most suitable materials for the construction of this housing is cast iron or
cast steel,
Instead of being all cast in one piece this housing may be made adjustable
within handy workable limits to suit any required diameter of roll by being cast
in two pieces and the rolling roll abutting sides of it held together by adjusting
screws and stays or by the roll abutting sides of the channel casting being planed
out wide and a central rolling side interposed and held to the width necessary for
the rolls by set screws or hydraulic rams, or by wedge adjusting pieces; or the
channel or the rolls may be made self-closing and self-adjusting to give the proper
width and pressure necessary by radial bars, like the radial bars of a parallel ruler.
Two or more pairs of rolls may also be used in the same channel at the same time
operating over a rod or other article to be drawn; and the channel may be made
of such a form as will allow the axes of the pairs of rolls being placed to lie at
right angles to each other; or three or more rolls may be made to operate on the
L

page_text: article being rolled at one point. For the purpose of rolling tapered rods or other
tapered articles by this means, the channel may be made tapering, so as to close in
or open out the rolls as they are rolled along; or the rolls may have grooves
formed in them of greater diameter at one part of their periphery than at the
other, or otherwise suitably configurated on their rolling surfaces for operating on
and producing the shape of the article required.
There being little resisting friction to overcome by rolls set in housings of this
form, as compared with rolls set in ordinary sliding bush housings, small sized
artieles may be rolled by hand power with advantage in straight channel housings;
the axes of the rolls, when so actuated, being by preference placed horizontally.
One of the rolls would have an axis shaft or centre boss projecting through a slot
or way in the side of the housing, on which is keyed a hand wheel or crank
handle. In this case the rolls are actuated by being rolled over the article being
drawn out. The top containing rolling surface of the housing channel would be
formed, with advantage, of a separate piece or of two separate rolling surface
pieces, secured by strong adjusting screws to adjust to various diameters of rolls
and distances between them. A similar arrangement of housing and rolls may
have the wheel gear operated by reversing chain or rope gear. In rolling large
metal plates with rolls of suitable diameter for plates of great breadths, a suitable
form of channel housing consists of a strong guiding channel placed at each end of
the plate rolling surface of the rolls, of a somewhat similar form to the slides of
the piston-rod crosshead of a horizontal cylinder steam engine part of the length
of the roll, to project into and made to roll on the planed surface of the housing
which may be of a breadth of about half the diameter of the roll. The under or .
base half of the housing would have an outer end guiding and containing flange
formed on it and projecting up a short distance; and correspondingly so of the
cover, part of the containing housing projecting down towards the centre of the
roll; each roll baving its diameter turned opposite these containing flanges to &
smaller diameter to the correspondingly smaller size, leaving these end guiding
flanges to act on the collars on the rolls so formed. Necks also would be formed
on the roll on one end projecting only beyond the containing housings on which
side bush bearings in a short single containing frame and bosses formed in the roll
outside this neck, on which are keyed toothed pinions of the same diameter as
the roll, this boss terminating the length of the rolls at this end, and a corresponding
boss at the other end, likewise projecting beyond the containing housing forming
the other end part of the rolls, each of which also has keyed upon it a roll pinion.
These roll pinions are made to gear into each other so as to cause each roll to
move forward and revolve at the same rate and relatively alike to each other, and
each are geared into correspondingly toothed racks, extending the full length of the
traverse of the roll; these toothed racks being fixed by bolts or otherwise to the
sides of the containing housings. To the bush frame of the roll neck bushes, for
actuating the rolls, by preference is attached a reversing hydraulic ram; or two
single plain hydraulic rams set against each other, placed to give reversing action,
similar to the reversing motion in ordinary hydraulic cylinder cranes. The
hydraulic cylinders being fixed to the housing bottom frames or sole plate of same,
and on these hydraulic rams being made to move the bush frame of the necks
forward or backward, a corresponding traverse is given to the rolls, along the
rolling surface containing housing, and at the same rate of speed as the rolling
surface of the roll causing the plate or other article being rolled out, to be rolled
to the same length of the stroke of the actuating hydraulic rams.
The upper
containing side of the containing housing to be adjustable by screws, hydraulic
cylinders, and rams or pistons, analogous to those used in hydraulic riveting
machinery or other means to the various distances betwen the rolls, to suit the
various thickness of plates or other articles being operated upon.
Instead of the rolls being moved by force from hydraulic rams or other means
acting on the bush frames of the roll housings; hydraulic rams may be coupled

page_text: direct to the antifrictional roll housing of the same general form as before described,
and the rolls placed in stationary bush housings, or side frames which may be of
the ordinary form used in metal rolling mill frame housings. The autifrictional
housing in such a case, only or mainly, serving to relieve the sliding pressure from
the bearings in the roll bush frame. These antifrictional new and improved roll
housings, may also be traversed or actuated in this form of reversing rolling mills,
by their frictional rolling contact on the rolls only; the rolls being driven in
common bush frames by gear of the ordinary form; the new and improved anti-
frictional housing being only used to adjust the rolls to the size of article being
rolled, and to relieve the friction from the sliding bearings of the rolls.
Instead of straight formed containing antifrictional housings as described, to
obtain the same result sought, or the avoidence of resisting friction on the roll
bearings, for rolling and drawing small articles, such as round rods. Containing
rolling and guiding channels suited to various forms of rolls in pairs, can be
formed in the peripherys of wheels of large diameters, with the containing channel
and roll guides very similar in cross section to that of the straight modification
of containing housing first. described. The channel and rolls could be made of a
slightly tapering form and the rolls pressed together by simply being pressed
more deeply into their containing channel.. The containing wheel channel would
be moved round slowly whilst the rod is passed or drawn through the rolls.
In one form best adapted for rolling round articles, such as round rods, the
containing housing may consist of a housing of special length to take in the entire
length of the rolls and of a circular form to have side guiding flanges, cast or
formed on them at one end, and turned out truly to guide and hold the rolls in
their positions endwise, the other end guide to be in a separate piece faced and
bolted on to the containing circular housing in the form of a cover with only a
hole in the centre to allow the rod or other articles to be operated upon to pass in
endwise between the rolls which may be placed in skew position and draw through
the rod when the circular box housing is revolved, thereby revolving by frictional
contact with the contained rolls and drawing through the rod being operated upon.
Containing housing of this circular form may also be held stationary and the
rod being rolled down revolved by skew rolls or otherwise and drive the rolls
round the containing circular antifrictional housing. Two or more rolls can be
used in the housings of this form. When only two rolls are used, interposed sliding
pieces are necessary to keep the rolls in position opposite to each, as also necessary
when the rolls used are not of such a number as to fill up the circular space in the
housing to hold them in their proper positions, with only room out of contact with
each other to revolve.
These containing housings of all forms will act best for most purposes to be
formed on their internal acting surfaces parallel, but for purposes of adjustment,
can with advantage be formed with a slight taper and be made to adjust and grasp
their contained rolls more closely by being moved endwise over corresponding
tapering bosses on their contained rolls.
Instead of the straight channel and circular box form of antifrictional containing
roll housings described analogous circular and segmental antifrictional roll housings
will suit for rolling, drawing, pressing, crushing, and pulverizing action, and the
inner surface ring where adjusting is required, made adjustable by an eccentric
bush or other means on the axis of the circular bousing. In segmental containing
housings of this form requiring reversing action, where the axis of the rolls can
be made to project through the housing, the axis of the rolls can be placed in
ordinary roll housings and driven by wheel gear in the ordinary way; the
antifrictional housing being mainly in this modification of service to relieve the
resisting friction from the necks of the rolls. The antifrictional necks of the
inner rolls in this modification are of smaller diameter than the outer one. An
advantageous containing antifrictional roll end housing for single pairs of rolls,
pousists of pair of strong plain surface antifrictional bevel wheels fixed ou or

page_text: formed in one piece with a strong axis made to act on and grasp correspondingly
bevelled ends on the contained rolls, and may be made adjustable by moving
outwards and inwards the bevel wheels on the tapering ends of the rolls; or when
applied to only one end of the rolls the rolls may be moved on end for adjustment.
As in the case of the circular channel housing just described, this form of anti-
frictional containing. roll housing the rolls are not sufficiently accessible for heavy
rolling purposes by wheel gear unless when applied to one end of the roll axis only,
but are more compact particularly for light work than the rectilinear antifrictional
roll housing described.

page_text: Pressing,
Machines.
Bending,
Shaping, and Crushing Mills and
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of 21 Gower Street, Paisley Road, Govan, Lanarkshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
three sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
My said invention has reference to that great class of mills and machines which
are so far unique in their construction and action that they are composed of two or
more strong rolls or rollers doing their work under great compression; by rolling
on the objective material passed between their circumferential surfaces. And used
for the various purposes of rolling, drawing, pressing, bending and shaping the
various metals into a great variety of shapes and forms; such as plate bars, rods,
wires, and tubes. And for callendering and embossing on woven fabrics and paper
in web, also for crushing and pulverising minerals and grain, and for crushing
sugar cane and other vegetable substances for separating their liquid from their
solid matters. In all these machines the rolls or rollers revolve by their journal
axes in bush bearings which work or slide in their housings and frames to the
extent required for the substance to pass between the acting periphery of the
rollers. All the force exerted has to be sustained by the bushes and the housings, and
screws and fittings of the housings. In this way a great part of the power exerted
in these mills and machines and work done by them is lost and expended in
friction and producing heat in their said journal bearings. The object of my
invention is to save all or nearly all this great loss of power in these machines and
industries, by my new or improved mechanical motion consisting of antifrictional
self containing rolling housing, or combinations of the parts thereof, which like the
said mills and machines are unique in themselves, though they require some
elaboration or modification in detail and arrangement of the parts to suit the
different classes of mills and work; but are substantially analogous in substituting
an equivalent self-contained housing antifriction arrangement in all these machines,
instead of the old strain-sustaining frictional bush bearings, which absorb so much
power in friction in these mills and machines heretofore.
My said invention or improvements as applied to such mills and machines, consist
all as follows:-In one form this new and improved roll housing, for being used
to contain rolls without bearing axis for use for rolling and drawing the smaller
sizes of rods and tubes or like articles to be operated by the chain of an ordinary
draw bench or in a similar way,-consists of a strong metal channel casting.
The channel is of a rectangular form open at the top side and its depth will be
somewhat greater than the length of the rolls to be used in it, and the width equal
to the diameter of the two rolls or pair of drawing rolls to be operated or used in
it; there being an overlapping flange at the top sides to keep the rolls from rising

page_text: up endwise, and bevelled out slightly at the entering end of the rolls, having also
a guiding groove formed in the centre of the bottom of the channel or containing
guide for holding the rolls in central line crosswise; and all planed out from the
bevelled out mouth entering end smooth and parallel. The length of this con-
taining antifrictional-housing would be equal to the length of the article to be
rolled out in it. One of the important advantages of this form of roll housing is
the facility obtained for employing steel or hardened rolls of small diameter and
consequently of reduced area of roll surface in action. The roll for drawing out say
a round rod of iron or steel of one inch in diameter in a cold state, or for drawing
a tube of one inch diameter over a mandrel, should be say three inches in length
and say three inches in diameter. With these dimensions of rolls each having a
semicircular groove turned in the centre of their length, of the size of the article to.
be rolled. The channel roll of the housing should be planed out to three inches
deep and six inches wide, having an overlapped top flange projecting inwards at
the top side about one inch to overlap the top end of the rolls, and a guiding
groove cut in the centre of the bottom of the channel about four inches broad and
one inch deep, in which is placed a U-shaped guide open at the top end of a width.
equal to the diameter of the roll and of the same length as the roll for holding the
rolls in direct transverse line to each other and their axes in a vertical position.
In applying the billet to be drawn, it is entered between the rolls at the bevelled
end entering mouth of the channel housing, and is grasped and drawn through the
rolls by tongs or other equivalent means attached to the chain of a draw bench.
The rolls are drawn on the billet in the bevelled out end of the channel, and on
reaching the planed-out parallel part of the channel, close in on the billet with great
drawing pressure and roll along the channel against its containing sides, rolling out
and compressing the rod. The rod is thus drawn through between the rolls at a
speed equal to the forward motion of the rolls, which are held directly opposite
each other on the rod (or other article being operated on), by the U-shaped guide,
sliding freely along the bottom groove formed in the bottom of the channel. This
improved housing requires to be of great strength to withstand the pressure
necessary to close the rolls and hold them together over the billet of metal or thick
tube or other article being rolled out. The most suitable materials for the con-
struction of this housing is cast-iron or cast steel.
Instead of being all cast in one piece this housing may be made adjustable within
handy workable limits to suit any required diameter of roll by being cast in two
pieces and the rolling roll abutting sides of it held together by adjusting screws and..:
stays or by the roll abutting sides of the channel casting being planed out wide and
a central rolling side interposed and held to the width necessary for the rolls by
set screws or hydraulic rams, or by wedge adjusting pieces; or the channel or the
rolls may be made self-closing and self-adjusting to give the proper width and
pressure necessary by radial bars, like the radial bars of a parallel ruler. Two or
more pairs of rolls may also be used in the same channel at the same time operating
over a rod or other article to be drawn; and the channel may be made of such a
form as will allow the axes of the pairs of rolls being placed to lie at right angles
to each other; or three or more rolls may be made to operate on the article being
rolled at one point. For the purpose of rolling tapered rods or other tapered
articles by this means, the channel may be made tapering, so as to close in or open
out the rolls as they are rolled along; or the rolls may have grooves formed in
them of greater diameter at one part of their periphery than at the other, or other-
wise suitably configurated on their rolling surfaces for operating on and producing
the shape of the article required.
There being little resisting friction to overcome by rolls set in housings of
this form, as compared with rolls set in ordinary sliding bush housings, small sized
articles may be rolled by hand power with advantage in straight channel housings;
the axes of the rolls, when so actuated, being by preference placed horizontally.
One of the rolls would have an axis shaft or centre boss projecting through a slot
or way in the side of the housing, on which is keyed a hand wheel or crank handle.

page_text: In this case the rolls are actuated by being rolled over the article being drawn out.
The top containing rolling surface of the housing channel would be formed with
advantage, of a separate piece, or of two separate rolling surface pieces, secured by
strong adjusting screws to adjust to various diameters of rolls and distances between
them. A similar arrangement of housing and rolls may have the wheel gear
operated by reversing chain or rope gear. In rolling large metal plates with rolls
of suitable diameter for plates of great breadths, a suitable form of channel housing
consists of a strong guiding channel, placed at each end of the plate rolling surface
of the rolls, of a somewhat similar form to the slides of the piston rod cross head
of a horizontal cylinder steam engine, part of the length of the roll to project into
and made to roll on the planed surface of the housing which may be of a breadth
of about half the diameter of the roll. The under or base half of the housing
would have an outer end guiding and containing flange formed on it and projecting
up a short distance; and correspondingly so of the cover part of the containing
housing projecting down towards the centre of the roll; each roll having its
diameter turned opposite these containing flanges to a smaller diameter to the
correspondingly smaller sizes, leaving these end guiding flanges to act on the collars
on the rolls so formed: Necks also would be formed on the roll on one end
projecting only beyond the containing housings on which side bush bearings in a
short single containing frame and bosses formed in the roll outside this neck, on
which are keyed toothed pinions of the same diameter as the roll, this boss
terminating, the length of the rolls at this end, and a corresponding boss at the
other end likewise projecting beyond the containing housing forming the other end
part of the rolls, each of which also has keyed upon it a roll pinion. These rolls
pinions are made to gear into each other so as to cause each roll to move forward
and revolve at the same rate and relatively alike to each other, and each is geared
into correspondingly toothed racks extending the full length of the traverse of the
roll; these toothed racks being fixed by bolts or otherwise to the sides of the
containing, housings. To the bush frame of the roll, neck bushes, for actuating the
rolls, by preference is attached a reversing hydraulic ram; or two single plain
hydraulic rams set against each other, placed to give reversing action similar to the
reversing motion in ordinary hydraulic cylinder cranes. The hydraulic cylinders
being fixed to the housing bottom frames or sole plate of same, and on these
hydraulic rams being made to move the bush frame of the necks forward or
back ward, a corresponding traverse is given to the rolls, along the rolling surface
containing housing, and at the same rate of speed as the rolling surface of the roll,
causing the plate or other article being rolled out, to be rolled to the same length
of the stroke of the actuating hydraulic rams. The upper containing side of the
containing housing to be adjustable by screws, hydraulic cylinders, and rams or
pistons analogous to those used in hydraulic riveting machinery, or other means to
the various distances between the rolls, to suit the various thicknesses of plates or
other articles being operated upon.
Instead of the rolls being moved by force from hydraulic rams or other means
acting on the bush frames of the roll housings, hydraulic rams may be coupled
direct to the antifrictional roll housing of the same general form as before
described, and the rolls placed in stationary bush housings, or side frames which
may be of the ordinary form used in metal rolling mill frame housings. The anti-
frictional housing in such a case, only or mainly, serving to relieve the sliding
pressure from the bearings on the roll bush frame. These antifrictional new and
improved roll housings, may also be traversed or actuated in this form of reversing
rolling mills, by their frictional rolling contact on the rolls only; the rolls being
driven in common bush frames by gear of the ordinary form; the new and
improved antifrictional housing being only used to adjust the rolls to the size of
the articles being rolled, and to relieve the friction from the sliding bearings of
the rolls.
For the purpose of explaining the manner in which I carry out into effect or
practice my invention I append two Sheets of Drawings or Diagrams illustrating

page_text: the improved forms of roll housings for rolling mills and machines, for relieving
the sliding friction from the bearing necks of same, and for in some examples,
dispensing with bearing necks in the rolls shown applied altogether. In describing
my invention by the aid of these Diagrams I use throughout the following
description the same letters and numerals of reference to indicate like parts in
order as far as possible to avoid needless repetition in describing the various
modifications shown.
Figure 1 is a plan. Figure 2 a side elevation, and Figure 3 an end sectional
elevation of a straight rectangular channel antifrictional roll housing A, and pair of
rolls B and B' without axes, and with a semicircular groove cut in each roll of my
improved form adapted for rolling and drawing out round metal rods and like
articles. Each article being operated upon by drawing or pulling it through
between the rolls B, B¹, by a grasping tongs E applied to its forward end, the
tongs being attached to and actuated by the traversing chain of an ordinary draw
bench, as generally used for drawing rods and tubes. The rolls B and B¹ being shown
rolled on to mid length through the channel housing A, and the rod C, half length
correspondingly rolled through the rolls; Figure 3 showing the housing A, in
section through the line m, n, in Figure 1 and giving a front view of the rolls B
and B¹; the roll guide D, being also shown in section in Figure 3, and the object
or rod C, and grasping tongs E, being also shown in Figure 3, thus showing the
form of the rolls B and B and their guiding piece D, and rod C, grasped between
them. The front or roll entering mouth end a of the channel housing A is bevelled
out slightly wider than the joint diameters of the rolls B and B' shown indicated
by the dotted lines a¹, a¹, of the channel in Figure 1, to allow the rolls B.and B¹
to enter in freely into their containing channel housing A, and to allow the rod C,
or like article to be operated upon, to be placed freely into the grooves in the
rolls B and B. From this bevelled out mouth which extends only inwards
about a distance equal to about one and a half times the diameter of the rolls B
and B¹, the channel housing A, formed by preference of cast-iron or cast-steel,
being planed out parallel throughout all the rest of its length, as shown by the
sectional elevation of same in Figure 3, and in plan as indicated by the dotted
lines a, a¹. On entering the rolls B and B with their guiding piece D and rod C
to be drawn, they are placed in the position in the housing A, at its front entering
end a in its bevelled out mouth as indicated by the dotted lines C, shown in
Figure 1. When the rod C is drawn inwards by the tongs E about one half times
the diameter of the rolls, the rolls B and B-rolling into the planed out parallel
channel a¹, a³, which is planed out to the exact width of the joint diameters of the
rolls, grasp with great force the billet C and roll it down by a semi rolling and
drawing action, the roll guide piece D shown also by dotted lines, in elevation in
Figure 2, being shaped to slide freely in the channel of the bousing to allow the
rolls B and B¹, to move round freely, and retain the centre of the rolls in direct
cross line to each other. When the rod C is half drawn through the rolls B and B'
as is shown in Figure 1, and by dotted lines in Figure 2, it is rolled into the
centre of the length of the housing A, and when it is fully pulled through the
rolls B and B', the rolls and rod C assume the position at the exit end of
the channel housing A indicated by the dotted lines at all, shown in Figure 1,
the motion and course of the rolls B and B and rod C being as indicated by
the arrows, and the rod C as shown by these dotted lines c, releases itself from the
rolls B and B¹, which thereafter with their guiding frame D are again placed in
the bevelled out entering mouth a for a like fresh operation.
Figure 4, is a plan; Figure 5, a side external elevation; and Figure 6, an end
sectional elevation, of another and somewhat similar antifrictional straight con;
taining roll housing A, but adapted for two pairs of rolls B and B¹, to operate
successively on the objective material, the object operated upon in this example
being a tube C, and shown drawn over a mandrel C, which is shown grasped by a
pair of drawing tongs E. The channel roll housing A has formed out at its
entering, end a tapering or inclined mouth on the bottom, and on its two sides a,

page_text: and is shown fitted with a strong cover A to the sides of the housing A and
secured to same by strong bolts, this cover A, forming the abutting rolling guide
for the top roll of the after pair of rolls B, and Bs. The channel housing A in
this modification is also planed out, on its two sides in its entire length up to the
taper entering bevelled out mouth a, to the exact width of the two diameters of
the front pair of rolls Band B¹, as described in connection with Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The bottom surface of the channel housing A is also planed out, and the space left
between the bottom of the channel housing A, and the internal planed surface of
its cover A, being equal to the exact joint diameters of the after pair of rolls B
and B³ and formed parallel throughout its length, thus forms a quadrilateral
parallel containing housing A, for the two pairs of rolls B, B1, B2, B³. To give
room to the guide frame D for holding each pair of rolls in centre line to each
other, both in the line of their axes, and in their transverse or cross line, as also in
the relative positions of the two pairs of rolls to each other, the rolls are formed
somewhat shorter than their joint diameters to leave space for the containing
sides D1 and D2 of the roll guide piece D, which is planed on its four sides, to slide
freely and form an easy working fit in the housing channel A, this guide piece D,
being cast or formed with two transverse recesses in it for each to contain a pair of
rolls with their axes at right angles to each other forming an easy working fit.
Figure 7, is a sectional plan, and Figure 8, a corresponding end section of this roll
guide piece or frame D, the sectional plan Figure 7, showing the relative positions
of each pair of rolls B and B1 and B2 and B³, and the end elevation Figure 8,
showing the positions of the forward pair of rolls B and B¹, and after pair
cf rolls B and B³, by dotted lines to each other in the guide piece D, and showing
the hole D³, in same for the passage of the tube C, and the mandrel C¹, being
operated upon; the motions on it and on the rolls being as indicated by the
arrows placed on same. The two pairs of rolls B, B1 and B2, B3, besides having a
double rolling and drawing effect on the article being operated upon; by being
placed with their axes at right angles have a correcting effect on each other in
rolling such articles as rods or tubes, to a round or other form, there being
no lubrication necessarily required in drawing such articles as metal rods and
tubes by these new and improved rolls and apparatus. Such articles as rods and
tubes may be drawn in a hot as well as a cold state, and tubes may also be welded
while being drawn. The motion on rolls B, B¹, and B2, B3, the tube C, mandrel C',
and grasping tongs E, are all as indicated by the arrows, and the same letters of
reference and numerals referring to like parts as in Figures 1, 2, and 3 need not be
further described.
Instead of a rectangular straight containing housing for the rolls and their
guide, a round housing of a tubular form may be used, which is more easily
constructed for such objective articles as metal rods and tubes, and is more easily
constructed than the rectangular form of containing antifrictional straight roll
housing just described.
Figure 9, is a side sectional elevation, shown broken off at both ends; and
Figure 10, an end sectional elevation of a cylindrical tubular antifrictional straight
channel housing A, shown with two pairs of rolls B, B¹, and B³, B³, operating on a
tube C, with a mandrel C³, inside the tube C. The two pairs of rolls B and B¹
and B and B³, being shown in their guide piece D. The same letters of reference
refer to like parts and the motions are as indicated by the arrows.
Instead of two rolls acting together on objective material in a pair as described
in connection with Figures 1 to 10, three or more rolls may be placed to roll on
the objective material opposite each other; and this would be the most advan-
tageous form of housing to use for such objective articles as metal rods, it being of
a hexagonal form and with three rolls only acting together with grooves in their
peripheries for grasping and rolling such articles as rods and tubes.
Figure 11, is a side sectional elevation of a straight antifrictional roll housing A,
of a transverse hexagonal form and bolted together in two parts A, A'; and
Figure 12, an end elevation of same, adapted for three rolls B, B¹, and B*, acting

page_text: together over a metal tube C and mandrel C, the rolls being shown in suitable
recesses for them opposite each other to form an easy working fit in their guide
piece D, shown clearly in Figure 12. The same letters and numerals refer to like
parts, and the motions are as indicated by the arrows.
In this, as in mostly all other modifications of these housings and rolls, two or
more sets of rolls can be used to operate on the objective material successively at
the same instant, and be placed in succession in one guide, as described in con-
nection with Figures 5 to 10. The rolls used may be of almost any form or
configuration, as the purpose they are to be used for may require, whether for
operating on the objective material between the rolls, or between the rolls and
containing housing, or an actuating bar placed between the rolls. Spherical rolls
contained and operated in a plain cylindrical or grooved cylindrical housing are
very suitable for shaping or fluting metal rods, and metal wire, for nail rod and
similar purposes.
Figure 13, is a side sectional elevation, with both ends broken off, and Figure 14
an end external elevation, of a straight cylindrical housing A bored out internally
smooth and parallel, and three spherical rolls B, B, and B, placed in a guide D
opposite each other in a similar way to that described in connection with Figures 11
and 12, and with a piece of round wire C shown passed through between the rolls,
the wire receiving from the surfaces of the rolls the triangular fluted shape shown
on its rolled end ; the arrows indicate the direction of the motions of the
rolls B, B1 and B', guide piece D, and the wire C being operated upon. Two or
more rolls can be used of this shape in the housing, and when used on metal rods,
produce readily rounded out flutes corresponding to the number of rolls used
opposite each other, and which may be increased in number by a successive set or
sets placed in one guide piece, as described in connection with Figures 9 and 10.
Rolls placed in these improved antifrictional housings can be actuated by pulling
through the object being operated upon between them as described, or by pushing
it through between them when it is of a sufficiently stiff and strong nature as to
withstand sufficient force to be exerted on it in this way; but the objective
materials being operated upon may neither have sufficient tensile or compressive
strength to withstand end pressure to be operated upon in either of these ways,
and for objective materials of this nature, such as quartz or other materials to be
crushed or pulverised, the rolls may be actuated by their regulating guides D,
being drawn or pushed along their housings, or the rolls may be rotated and the
housings allowed to slide along in a reverse direction to the forward motion of the
object being operated upon. The rolls may also, and with advantage, be actuated
for some purposes by the guide D of the rolls being held stationary and the
housing A by being placed in sliding guides passed over the rolls while held
stationary. The rolls inay also be actuated by lateral motion from one or both the
rolling surface containing sides of the housing while being held in a straight or
oblique position to the rolls.
Figure 15, is a side sectional elevation, and Figure 16, a front sectional elevation,
of an improved arrangement of housing and rolls suitable for granulating, crushing
and pulverising ores, seeds, and the like, and consists of a strong cast iron quadri-
lateral housing A, cast in one piece along with a standard H, placed in a vertical
position, with pair of rolls B and B¹ placed in same and operated by a strong cast
iron guide piece D, having T shaped ends D* and. D₁ to prevent the rolls from
rolling out of their positions, and.of such a shape as to hold itself an easy traversing
working fit within the housing A, and yet allow the quartz to be crushed, or other
objective materials to be operated upon, to pass the T shaped ends D1 and D' of
the guide piece D, while still retaining itself squarely as it is traversed within the
housing A. This form of roll guide D, is shown connected to a connecting rod F,
which is coupled to the crank pin of a crank G, and from which the guide piece
receives a traversing action in the housing A, in a similar way to an ordinary
Pump Bucket in a Pump Cylinder, the downward stroke causing the rolls B and B₁
to roll downwards and the quartz or other material getting crushed to fall between

page_text: the surfaces of the rolls, and the surface of the roll guiding piece D, as indicated
by the arrows at d, and d; and in the upward stroke to roll the quartz in between
the rolls B and B and the containing sides of the housing a¹, a', the rolled, crushed
or ground quartz falling down through open channels in the T shaped ends D, of
the roll guide D, and delivered on to the floor at ¹, at the open bottom end of the
roll housing A, There is little loss of power by friction in operating rolls in these
housings in this way, and the degree of crushing force used is easily regulated by
the movable cover A, of the housing A, and its holding bolts a³, a³.
Figure 17, is a plan, Figure 18, a sido elevation, and Figure 19, a transverse
section through the line m, n, in Figure 17, of an improved antifrictional channel,
housing A, for using a single pair of rolls B, and B¹ for giving under great pressure
a U or channel shape to sheets or plates of metal C or other substances. The
channel a¹ in the housing A in this example being planed out to the external size
and configuration which the object being rolled is desired to have, and may have
devices engraved, or in relief, or otherwise formed on the surfaces of the channel
opposite the rolls for producing mechanical or ornamental devices on the external
surface of the object, or channel shaped objective material C operated upon at the
same time. The diameters of the two rolls, B, B¹, are with double the thickness
of the sheets of metal or other material C, to be operated upon, equal to the width
of the planed out channel a', a', in the housing A. The rolls B and B¹ are shown
in Figure 18, rounded off on their lower ends, to produce the shape on the object
desired, and the U-shaped rolls guiding piece D, is open at its lower end and
extends continuously over the top end of the rolls as shown at D¹¹ and by the
dotted lines in Figure 19. It is shown provided with a snug D to which the
drawing shackle E, is secured, and which may be attached to the chain of a draw-
bench or other pulling mechanism, or means. The rolls B and B¹ and their guide D
are kept down in their channel in the housing A, by the cover flanges A', A',
shown in Figure 18. The objective sheet of metal C, is first laid in the channel in
the housing A, roughly shaped to the form required, and the rolls B and B¹ are
thereafter actuated or rolled over it by being in this example pulled by their guide
piece D, which is made to draw the rolls along the entire length of the channel or
plate C placed in same and out at the after end of the housing A, the motions
being as indicated by the arrows, thereby giving to the sheet of the objective
material the shape desired.
Figure 20; is a plan, Figure 21, a side sectional elevation; and Figure 22, a
transverse section of a housing A, and pair of rolls B and B', also adapted to give
a somewhat similar channel form to sheets of metal or other substances, but in this
example the housing A, is made to actuate the rolls by being traversed in a sliding
seat sole-plate H, and the guide piece D of the rolls is held stationary. The pair
of rolls used also, are not similar in shape as heretofore shown, the roll B, being a
grooved roll, and the roll B₁ of a spherical form, and of a diameter equal to the
diameter of the roll B, at the bottom of the groove in it, as shown in Figure 22.
The roll guide D, is also shaped in its roll containing recess to allow the groove
roll B, and spherical roll B¹, to revolve in it freely; and the roll guide D, is held
stationary by the guide stem rod I, which is shown fixed in the bracket H', cast on
the sole-plate H. The under side and edges of the housing A are planed, and work
on the sole plate H having a channel H³ planed out correspondingly, as an easy
working fit for the base of the housing A. In rolling the objective material from
a straight plate of metal into a semicircular form C shown in Figure 22, the rolls
are first entered over the plate C, at the entering end of the housing A, and
thereafter the housing A is pushed over the rolls by an hydraulic ram F, connected
to the opposite end of the housing A, the motions of the housing and rolls being as
indicated by the arrows. The operation though effected by pushing action is
similar on the objective material to that as described in connection with Figure 17,
18, and 19, and the same reference letters and numerals are used for like parts.
Figure 23, is a plan; Figure 24, a side elevation; and Figure 25, an end elevation,
of a roll housing A, and pair of rolls B, and B', with semicircular grooves formed
し

page_text: in same suited for rolling. round rods and like articles. In this example the
rolls B and B¹ are keyed on axes B5, B³, and placed in two ordinary bushed roll
housings J and J, to be actuated or revolved by wheel gear as in the rolls of
ordinary reversing motion rolling mills. The main service of the planed out
straight antifrictional channel housing A shown placed over the rolls B and B',
being to relieve the friction from the bearings of the rolls in their ordinary
bousings J and J1, the improved housing A being traversed by the motion of the
axes of the rolls in either direction, according to the motion given by the ordinary
gear to the rolls, as indicated by the arrows on the rolls and on the bar being
operated upon, as also the arrows placed on the channel housing A. In the
foregoing examples of the improved antifrictional straight channel roll housings,
the length of the channel is shown of about equal length to the length of the
continuous objective material being operated upon, but in this example the
housing A is shown of such a configuration as allows it to roll on the axes Bo,
and B³, of the rolls, and thereby the traversing motion of the housing A is reduced
in proportion to the smaller diameters of the roll axes to that of the diameter of
the rolls B and B₁ (which in this example is of a proportion of about 3 to 1) 80
that thereby the bar C, being operated upon, can be rolled by the rolls B and B¹ to
about three times the length of the traverse of the roll housing A. The roll
housing A, A, is shown in Figure 24 formed in two pieces, and bolted together,
and its traverse to both sides is indicated by the dotted lines at a. Its under side
is planed and made to slide on a planed out seat H2, in the sole plate H, its
motions being as indicated by the arrows placed on it.
Figure 26 is a side sectional elevation of a housing A, with cover part of same A
and pair of rolls B, B', shown operating on a metal plate c', on both rolls and
surrounding the rolls. The housing and roll guide being shown in section and the
housing shown broken off at both ends. Figure 27, is a transverse section taken
through the line m, n, in Figure 26. This form of housing here shown to be
operated as described in connection with Figures 21 and 22, or the roll guide D
and rolls B, B¹, pushed through the housing as indicated by the arrows placed on
the stem rod F of same.
Figure 28, is a side elevation; and Figure 29, a transverse section, of a round
form of roll housing, formed in two parts A, A, and bolted together, and set of
rolls B and B, operating on the internal surface of a tube C. The round form of
the housing necessitating a modification of the rolls and their guide D, but
otherwise similar to the Figures just described.
Figure 30, is a side elevation; and Figure 31, an end elevation, of a housing A,
of a tubular form, in which two pairs of rolls B and B¹, and B2, B³, are employed
with only the end D, of the pushing or resisting stem rod F, used as a guide to
the rolls in the housing, the motions being as indicated by the arrows.
Figure 32, is a plan; and Figure 33, a transverse section of a housing A, and
pair of rolls B, B1, the housing being similar to that described in Figures 1, 2 and 3,
but the rolls B and B', have a semicircular tapering groove shown in them for
rolling tapered articles, such as rods and tubes of metal, to be actuated as described
in connection with Figures 1, 2, and 3, a tapered rod of metal C being shown in
process of being rolled between the rolls. In this example the roll B has shown
formed on it a neck B6, extending up through the top side of the roll guide D, to
which is shown fixed a hand lever B7 for rolling and operating by hand the roll B,
and by frictional contact its companion roll B'. The rolling surface of the rolls B
and B', as also the rolling surface a¹ of the housing A, can have given to their
surfaces where the objective materials to be operated upon is interposed, any form,
and small sized objects of metal or other substances can be shaped to most forms
required conveniently by hand by this means.
Figure 34, is a plan; and Figure 35, a transverse section on the line m, n, of
same, of a housing A, and rolls B, B¹, the housing A also of the same general form
as described. in connection with Figures 1, 2, and 3, but in this example the rolla

page_text: have plane surfaces for rolling a plane surface bar C. The internal guiding and
containing surface of the rolls housing being planed out tapering lengthwise,
thereby causing the rolls to close (or it may open out) on the bar as it is drawn
through, and roll a taper bar C, as shown. Besides plane taper bars being easily
producible in this way, the rolls B, B¹, may have their surfaces shaped on their
rolling peripheries to any irregular form, to produce a corresponding shape of taper
bar, such as sword blades, bayonets, and the like, and the rolls may also have
devices engraved on their surfaces so as to produce corresponding devices on their
surfaces.
Figure 36, is a plan; and Figure 37, a transverse section taken on the line m, n,
of same of a housing A, and pair of rolls B, B', also of the same general form and
to be operated in the same way as described in connection with Figures 17, 18
and 19, adapted for rolling tapered bars between one of the rolls B, and the planed
.out side of the housing a¹ at a³. The housing A is also planed out on its internal
containing rolling surface to taper lengthwise similar to the housing just described.
The taper bar C, is shown partially rolled to a corresponding taper. The rolling
surface of the roll B, as also of the containing housing A, may have devices formed
on their surfaces or on a plate inserted in the housing as shown dotted at a², to
produce corresponding devices on the surfaces of the articles being rolled, which
may be, as in all the other modifications of these rolling processes, rolled in a hot
state, when that will suit the nature of the metal or other materials being operated
upon, and the housing A may be placed in sole-plate container, to be readily
adapted for producing devices of any form required, and readily adjustable to any
required degree of taper, or otherwise to be hereinafter explained in connection
with Figures 63 and 64 on sheet 2 of my Drawings and different forms of these
housings.
Figure 38, is a side elevation; and Figure 39, a transverse section, of a strong
housing A, A', the upper half of same A¹ being supported on four pillars A, A, A, A,
on a sole-plate H, and the top side antifrictional channel roll half of the housing A
is firmly secured to the sole-plate H by strong bolts through the four interposing
pillars A', A7, A', A7, and the two cross girders A, A19. The rolls B and B are
provided with light axes necks B and B³, which are shown placed an easy
working fit in corresponding bushes in the roll guide piece D, these necks mainly
serving to carry the weight of the rolls only, and to hold them in their proper
relative positions to each other. The roll guide D is shown with two suspending
sliding snugs De, which are plaued on their lower and sliding sides, and are shown
made to slide on corresponding sliding projections A20, A20, formed on the housing
top piece A', and the roll guiding piece D, and rolls set in same, as shown left free
to slide suspended on these planed projections A20, A20, from the one end of the
housing A¹ to the other. A handy means of clamping on the guide piece D, and
securing the roll axes A and A³ in their bushes being provided as shown by
forming this guide piece in halves and securing same together by four strong
bolts at d². It is further shown provided with a central bored out boss B¹º, in
which is fixed a hydraulic reciprocating acting rain F, shown broken off, used to
actuate and traverse the roll guide piece D, and rolls B, B¹, from the one end of
their housing A, to the other. The under half of the housing A, is shown
supported and provided with lateral motion by the hydraulic ram K, shown in
section, placed in a corresponding hydraulic cylinder K. This modification of the
improved housing A, and rolls B, B¹, is adapted for the heaviest description of
rolling purposes, such as the rolling of iron and steel armour plates, the objective
material or armour plate being shown placed underneath the lower roll B, and
between this lower roll and the housing channel A, which may, as shown, be planed
out to the width of the plate C required. The hot crude mass of metal is placed in
this planed out deep under channel, and the guide piece D, and the rolls B, B' are
traversed over the objective materials, the rolls being revolved by their frictional
contact on the mass of metal C, and on the top planed out channel A¹, of the
.

page_text: nousing only, and the under half of the housing and contained objective material,
each successive traverse of the rolls over. it gradually by the rising of the hydraulic
ram K until the plate C, being rolled, is rolled out to the thickness and length
required. The under plate containing half of the housing A, in this modification,
can be readily adjusted to any angle, transversely or lengthwise, so as to roll
plates or other objective materials in tapering and other forms. This method of
rolling can be applied advantageously for light, as well as for the heaviest of
rolling purposes, and for most purposes for which rolls are used, besides the rolling
of metals, such as the rolling of plate glass, concrete, callendering, compressing,
embosing, and crushing, printing purposes, and the rolls operated by being revolved
by wheel and endless belt or rope gear, as well as by being traversed as shown, or
by a crank motion as described in connection with Figures 15 and 16, and for &
variety of light purposes, from the small degree of resisting friction in doing work
handily operated by hand.
Figure 40, is a plan; Figure 41, a side elevation; and Figure 42, a transverse
section, of a hand power rolling press of the general form of that just described, and
the letters and numerals of reference referring to like parts, suitable for light
purposes, such as pressing printing etcetera. In Figure 40, a portion of the top
plate or housing A¹, is shown broken off to show the rolls B and B¹ with their
guide D adapted to be moved by hand, which are with their guide D portable and
can be readily moved altogether out of their housing A. The rolling surface of
the under half of the housing A, is circular, and fitted with a screw stem K, and
screwed into the sole-plate H, and by turning round this under half of the housing
the roll channel is ready made adjustable to any required width to suit the article
to be rolled or compressed. Figures 41, and 42, are partly shown in section, to
show the form of the rolls B, B', and their guide D, used. The objective
material C, C, are both shown, being acted upon between the two rolls B and B¹,
and between the roll B, and the under half of the housing A¹, for such light,
purposes as rolling fine mill board, steel rolls should be used, and rolled between
the rolls. For general pressing purposes, wood rolls may be used, and this and
most general pressing, calendering, and like purposes is best done between the
under roll and the under half of the housing. The rolls for these new and
improved mills and machines require to be made generally of similar materials and
similarly prepared as rolls are now made for similar purposes with ordinary
housings such as grain and chilled iron rolls, steel and hardened rolls, and rolls of
wood, india-rubber and like combinations of materials as now used, as well as of
almost all shapes of rolls used for rolling and drawing purposes.
Figure 43, is a side elevation; and Figure 44, a transverse section of a
housing A, A', and set of rolls B and B', adapted. for copying letters and like
compressing purposes, by rolling over the copying book C, by operating the lower
roll B, by the hand crank handle B7, the rolls for such purposes being of wood, and
the upper roll B¹, placed in the guide D, without axis. Figure 44 showing the
housing in section through the line m, n, in Figure 43, and the notions of the
moving parts are as indicated by the arrows.
Figure 45, is a side elevation; and Figure 46, a transverse section, of a similar
rolling machine to that just described, for calendering, compressing, aud liquid
expressing purposes from textile fabrics and similar materials, in which a wood
housing A, A, as well as an upper roll of wood B¹ is used. The under roll B,
being shown covered with india-rubber in the usual manner for machines to be
used for this purpose, and fitted with a crank handle B7, for being operated by
hand.
Referring to sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings:-Figure 47, is a plan;
Figure 48, a side elevation; and Figure 49, a transverse section of a housing A, A³,
and pairs of rolls B, B1, also adapted for being operated by band and for giving
rolling compressing force to disc cutter B15, which may be formed on it, or fitted
into the centre lengthwise of the under roll B', as shown in the partly sectional

page_text: end elevation Figure 49, for shaping or cutting metal plates, paper, mill-board, and
like substances. In this example the upper half of the housing A¹, on its rolling
surface part is a narrow bar bolted on to the standard part A7, of the under half of
the housing, and the roll B¹, formed with the two collars B2, to keep the roll in its
place laterally when rolling along the bar, and in the centre it is shown formed
with a groove in it to receive the projecting edge of the cutting disc B₁, both rolls
being set in the bush axis guide D, which is provided with scissor joint Do. A metal
plate C, is shown laid on the top surface of the under half of the housing, and on
the roll being thrust or drawn over it, the cutter A15, placed in the under roll B, is
depressed by the upper roll B¹, from the top housing A¹ down through the metal
plate C, and with little frictional resistance. The arrangement is suitable for large
size cutters, for cutting and shaping metal plates and like articles, actuated by
power from hydraulic rams or otherwise.
Figure 50, is a plan; Figure 51, a side elevation, and Figure 52, a transverse
section of a roll housing and rolls for rolling metal plates on this new and
improved straight rolling antifrictional plan, in which the rolls are shown actuated
by hydraulic rams. The lower half of the housing A, being cast in one piece for
the under roll B, rolling upon it, and the upper half housing castings A' and A¹,
supported on pillars A', A', A7, and A7, formed on the lower half of the housing A,
the rolling seats of the roll B, A1, and A¹, being planed out for the ends of the
roll as also the seat of the roll bush housings J and J, the rolling seats of the upper
roll B, and sliding seats of the roll bush, sliding bush housings and bushes of
same J2 and Ja which traverse on these as the rolls are rolled along the housings A.
The upper half of the housing A' and A¹, have deep snugs A1, A2, formed on them
fitted and working in between the pillars A7, A7, A7, and A7, formed in the lower
half A of the roll housing; and each upper half A¹, is made adjustable by the
strong set screws A¹³, A¹³, wrought by the hand wheel A", and the shafts A¹³, set
in bush bearings A, fixed on the upper half of the housing A¹ and A', and shown
geared to the strong screw housing adjusting screw A¹³, by the pairs of bevel
wheels A, A. This regulating gear thereby being readily adjusted to set the
rolls B and B₁ to any required width apart for any required thickness of plate.
The rolls B and B' have fitted on each end of their axes B5, cog pinions B, B6, B³, Bº,
of the same diameters as themselves, there necks being keyed to and forming a pair
at each end of the rolls, gearing into each other and also gearing into toothed
racks A, shown fitted on the sides of the housing, the disposition of these being
best shown in Figure 52. The rolls are actuated in both directions by the two
hydraulic rams F, which are shown formed in one piece with the roll bush guide
frames J, J, and held together by strong bolts over the roll bushes J, and J³. The
pinions B, gear into each other, and each into the corresponding toothed racks A1,
titted and bolted on the sides of the housings A, A', as shown, the pinions rolling
round with the rolls and maintaining them in proper transverse position to each
other as they are caused roll down the plate U shown, or other object they may
be made to operate upon. The motions being as indicated by the arrows placed on
these moving pieces.
4
Figure 53, is a plan; Figure 54, a side elevation; and Figure 55, a transverse
section, of a housing A, A', and pair of rolls B and E, formed with a series of
semicircular grooves for rolling down round rods or other articles, adapted for
reversing action as described in connection with Figures 40, 41, and 42, but in this
example the new and improved rectilinear antifrictional housing or housings A, A¹,
are placed on the necks B1 of the rolls B, B', inside the ordinary housings J and J¹,
this arrangement being best shown by Figure 55, in which the housings A, A¹, are
shown in section over the axis line of the rolls. Loose bush rolling rings B", B¹¹,
Bu, B", are being shown put on the rolling necks of the rolls B and B', for the
housings A, A, rolling upon, which can be readily replaced should they become
chafed or worn, and their internal surfaces can be lubricated so as to act as sliding
bushes should the rolls become over run beyond the distance the length of the

page_text: Housings A traverse. The housings A, A, in this example over each neck, are
entirely separate and moved by frictional contact only, as described in connection
with Figures 40, 41, and 42, and the upper halves A¹ of same are also bolted
permanently together at a³, and suited to rolls that have portions of their surfaces
rolling hard together and grooves of channels cut in their surfaces for shaping the
articles operated upon to the form required. In the example here shown they are
suited for round rods, but may be formed to suit any other form of cross section of
rod. For rolling plates, for which this form of housings is well suited, the
housings A, A¹ require to be provided with adjusting screws for producing the
thickness of plate required, as described in connection with Figures 43, 44, and 45.
The same letters of reference refer to like parts as in Figures 40, 41, and 42, and
the action of this modification is also similar, as indicated by the arrows placed on
the rolls and housings.
Figure 56, is a plan; Figure 57, a side elevation; and Figure 58, a transverse
section; of a housing A, and set of three rolls B, B, and B2, adapted for bending
plates and sheets or bars of metal and like articles, and shown adapted to be
wrought by hand power. The under half of the housing A, shown in section in
Figure 58, has its channel planed out to the length of the two under rolls B and B',
the upper half of the housing A¹ being composed of the two. castings A', A₁, held
together by the cross stays A2, A; the two housings A, A¹, being drawn or set
apart to the requisite degree to depress or raise the top roll B in its guide
frames J, J', or ordinary sliding bush bearings J" and Ju, may be used to produce
the degree of curve in the plate required by the four adjustable screws A¹³, A¹³,
A13; A13, the roll B2, being also .carried up in a corresponding manner by the set
screws J, J, in the movable roll housings J and J₁. The housing A has in this
example to be of equal or greater length than the plate to be bent, and is shown
with a bevelled mouth a, a, formed at each of its enterings ends. The hand power
reducing speed cog wheel gear, best shown in Figures, 56 and 58, has the spur
wheel B13, keyed on the under roll B, to be actuated by the pinion B", keyed on the
hand crank shaft B15. The axis of the roll B has keyed on it, the cog pinions B6, B³,
which gear into the toothed racks A¹8, fixed on the outer sides of the lower half of
the housing A, and traverse by this hand gear the rolls. The plate C, to be bent,
with the rolls set to give the requisite indentation and bend required, is entered
when the housings J, and rolls B, B1, B2, are traversed to either end of the housings,
with one of the under rolls B or B', depressed into the entering mouth a, of the
housing A, as shown in Figure 57, the plate C, being shown traversed through the
rolls a short distance; the motions being as indicated by the arrows, and when
moved forward a distance in the housing A, equal to the length of the plate
operated on, as in the length and degree or course of the plate C shown operated
upon, the plate C, assumes the form shown by the dotted lines C", of the rolls
aud plate in Figure 57, which shows the plate bent as desired. This wheel
gear and rolls in these improved rectilinear antifrictional. roll housings instead.
of being actuated by hand as here shown, can be actuated by an endless belt
or band in the manner in common use for actuating travelling cranes, and it
is part of this invention to use this gear for actuating the rolls in these
improved roll housings by using only one pair of rolls and set opposite each
other as heretofore shown. This form of housing and gear is also suitable for
endless rolling purposes for expanding, rings of metal and like purposes, and for
short objective materials to be operated upon, such as short bars or plates of
metal, or rings of metal. Instead of using wheel reducing gear, the contained
rolls may be directly operated by a hand lever, applied to the axis A³, of one or
other of the rolls B or B¹.
Figure 5, is a side elevation; and Figure 60, a transverse section, of a machine
for rolling and making metal plates straight, or bending back bent plates straight,
similar in construction to the machine just described, there being an additional pair
of rolls B3, and B, shown applied for grasping the plate C ou alternate sides and

page_text: about half the diameter of the rolls apart, similar in this respect to a well known
machine for straightening plates in which ordinary sliding bushes give the. necessary
pressure on the rolls, to nip it with great force on reverse side, and thereby
straighten it as it is passed over the surface of the rolls. Any number of pairs of
rolls can be set in a housing in this way, there being always one roll more acting
on the one side of the plate than on the other. In this example the top half of the
housing A' is cast in one piece as shown in section in Figures 43 and 44. The
same letters of reference and numerals being used as for the distinguishing main
parts of Figures 56, 57, and 58, and these need. not be again described. But this
machine is shown actuated or driven by a belt pulley L, keyed on a feather
grooved shaft M, extending along all the length of the housing A, and set in the
bearing. A3, A4, carrying and driving, by sliding feather; the worm screw B20,
which gears into the worm wheel BB, keyed on the under roll B2. Three of these
rolls B1, B2, and. B³, are connected and driven by the cog wheels B¼, keyed on the
opposite ends of the axes of the rolls. The motions of the plates and rolls are as
indicated by the arrows placed on same.
This worm screw and worm wheel
motion, as described, is generally applicable and is intended to be used for driving
the rolls when they are moved along the housing A, A¹, for rolling plates and
similar purposes.
Figure 61, is a plan; and Figure 62, a transverse section of an arrangement of
housing of a similar machine to that just described, adapted for shaping and
straightening double T bars C. The housings A, A', and rolls B, B', roll on the
necks B³, of the rolls and give thereby a greater degree of traverse to the bar C
operated upon than the length of their housing A, A', as described in connection
with Figures 23, 24 and 25. The housings A A¹, in this example are also shown
placed in four strong base plate girders H, H, H, H, one half A, being shown
secured to the four base plate cross girders H by bolts, and the other half of the
housing A¹, made adjustable by the strong set screws A¹³, for adjusting the housing
to the width of the bar C, to be operated upon. The bar C, in this example to be
drawn through between the rolls by pulling gear E or pushed by the ram F.
The guides D, are shown in separate halves sliding on guides A20, planed on the
housing A, A¹, and connected to each other by the angular bar D¹³, by pivot bolts
so as to allow the halves D, to move outwards or inwards towards each other and
keep them in their proper relative positions to each other lengthwise, and other-
wise being similar to Figures 59 and 60, need not be further described. This form
of housing and means of adjustment on the rolls is intended to be used generally
for most of the purposes to which these housings and rolls are applicable. As
heretofore described the rolls can be shaped or configurated on their surfaces to
suit the rolling of almost any kind or form of objective material, with ready means
of adjustment and inexpensive construction combined with great strength, the rolls
also can be set opposite each other, in housings of this kind for any kind of drawing
and rolling purposes.
Figure 63, is a plan; and Figure 64, a transverse section of another housing
A, A, in halves, and adjustable to any required width within all ordinary require-
ments, somewhat differently arranged from that just described in connection with
Figures 61 and 62, and advantageously suitable for the straight forms of these
improved anti-frictional roll housings generally. The housing A, A', is shown
placed in a strong containing base plate H, the full length of the housing shown
with its contained housings in Figure 63, broken off short. The housings A, A¹,
are also planed on their undersides, and are bolted hard down to the bottom
planed out surface of their containing sole-plate H, one half of the housing A¹, and
base plate H, being shown in end section in Figure 64, showing the positions of
the fixing down bolts A2, of the housings and the adjusting screws and their
nuts A placed in the sole-plate H. It will be readily seen that any width of
channel for the rolls within the limits of the adjusting screws can by these be
readily obtained as well as any degree of taper for rolling tapered or other forms

page_text: of articles, when required by this arrangement of housing, as described in con-
nection with Figures 32 to 37 on sheet one of my Drawings. Instead of having
two adjustable housing pieces A, A¹, as shown, within the soleplate B. the internal
channel surface of the sole plate H, can with advantage for some purposes be made
to serve as the side of the housing A¹, and instead of the adjusting screws A¹³, the
movable and adjustable part of the housing can be adjusted by wedge pieces or
radial bars like those of a parallel ruler, eccentrics, and like means. The arrange-
ment and form of rolls as well as the mode of operation and of being actuated, is
the same as described in connection with Figures 1, 2, and 3, this example too
being shown adapted for rolling round rods and tubes and need not be further
described.
Curvilinear antifrictional roll housings of the same general forms as these
straight ones described, may be formed, and used for like purposes, but they
possess no advantage over the straight, bousings shown, and would be much more
difficult to construct properly.
Instead of straight formed-containing antifrictional housings as, described, (and
illustrated in Figures 1 to 64, of the Drawings), to obtain the same result sought,
or the avoidance of resisting friction on the roll bearings, for rolling and drawing
small articles, such as round rods. Containing rolling and guiding channels suited
to various forms of rolls in pairs, can be formed in the peripheries of wheels of
large diameters, with the containing channel and roll guides very similar in cross
section to that of the straight modifications of containing housings first described.
The channel and rolls could be made of a slightly tapering form, and the rolls
pressed together by simply being pressed more deeply into their containing
channel. The containing wheel channel would be moved round slowly whilst
the rod is pressed or drawn through the rolls.
Instead of the straight channel and circular box form of antifrictional con-
taining roll housings described, analogous circular and segmental antifrictional roll
housings will suit for rolling, drawing, pressing, crushing, and pulverizing action,
and the inner surface ring where adjusting is required made adjustable by an
eccentric bush or other means, on the axis of the circular housing. In segmental
containing housings of this form requiring reversing action, where the axis of the
rolls can be made to project through the housings, the axis of the rolls can be placed
in ordinary roll housings, and driven by wheel gear in the ordinary way; the
antifrictional housing being mainly in this modification of service to relieve the
resisting friction from the necks of the rolls. The antifrictional necks of the inner
rolls in this modification are of smaller diameter than the outer one. An advan-
tageous containing antifrictional roll end housing for single pairs of rolls, consists
of a pair of strong plain surface antifrictional bevel wheels, fixed on or formed in
one piece with a strong axis made to act on and grip correspondingly bevelled ends
on the contained rolls; and may be made adjustable by moving outwards and
inwards the bevel wheels on the tapering ends of the rolls; or when applied to
only one end of the rolls the rolls may be moved on end for adjustment. As in
the case of the circular channel housing just described, in this form of anti-frictional
containing roll housing, the rolls are not sufficiently accessible for heavy rolling
purposes by wheel gear, unless when applied to one end of the roll axis only, but
are more compact, particularly for light work, than the rectilinear antifrictional
roll housing described.
Figure 65, is a plan; Figure 66, a side elevation; and Figure 67, a partly
sectional end elevation through the line m, n, in Figure 65, of an antifrictional
wheel housing A, A', and pair of rolls B, B', set in a guide D. The rolls B, B¹,
and their guide piece D, being the same in form as that described in connection
with Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings. The rolls B, B¹, being
without axis and shown operating on a metal tube C placed on a mandrel 0¹,
grasped by the tongs of a drawbench, the entire machine which for drawing tubes
D 2

page_text: and rods of all ordinary sizes, is not a large thing, being shown fixed to the
forward end of an ordinary drawbench N, also portion of the drawbench chain n',
showing the ordinary connection of same to the grasping tongs E, which is also
shown broken off, the billet or tube C being operated upon, and rolls B, B', therefor
being also actuated in the same way as described in connection with Figures 1, 2,
and 3, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings. The antifrictional housing rolls A, A', which
are best formed of chilled iron, are bored out and turned up truly to the shape
shown, and placed on the steel bearings O, which are turned up truly on their roll
axis part, a working fit, and the roll housings A, A¹, left free to revolve. The roll
axes O, have as shown, strong eccentric bosses O' formed on them, also turned up truly
and placed in the bored out holes a working it in the strong sole plate H, shown
bolted to the forward end of the drawbench frame N. The housing axes are shown
in section along with their holding soleplate and rolls in Figure 67, and the roll axes
are formed hollow and shown fitted with bolts for fixing down the cover piece A*,
of the housing rolls which are shown also fitted with the strong set screws A¹³, for
holding the bosses in any position free to be revolved on their eccentric bosses O¹
when these set screws are relaxed, and are further adapted to be moved round at
pleasure, by placing a hand lever in the hand lever holes 02; the housing rolls A, A¹,
can be moved further apart or nearer to each other a short distance either way
than as shown placed to each to suit the diameter of rolls B, B¹ placed between
them, but their axes O, thus readily fixed in any position apart by the strong set
Screws A¹³, and these housing rolls A, A¹, are shown placed slightly nearer to each
other than the joint measure of the two diameters of the two drawing rolls B, El;
their guide D which is also similar to that described in connection with Figures 1,
2, and 3, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings being shown placed in channels planed out for
them in the soleplate H, and cover piece A4, shown in Figure 67, but removed in
Figure 65, in order to show the rolls B, B, and guide D. The axes cross line of
the drawing rolls B, B¹, when pressed forward in the direction of the arrows, and
course of the travel of the tube being operated upon, is slightly forward of the
cross line of their antifrictional containing housing, rolls A, A', so that when the
billet to be drawn, is placed between the rolls B, and B¹, in their guide D, and
the guide D, with the rolls B, and B and billet C, are pressed forward in between
the containing housing rolls A, A¹, and the mandrel C³, attached to the drawing
tongs E, as shown, the drawing rolls B, B1, close in firmly upon the billet or tube C,
by the wedging action of the rolls B, B¹, between the housing rolls A, A¹, and
when passing through between them causes the drawing rolls B, B¹, to revolve, and
the great contact pressure of their surfaces on the antifrictional housing rolls A, A¹,
also causes them to revolve. The motions of all is as indicated by the arrows
placed on the rolls B, B¹, and containing antifrictional rolls A, A', shown in
Figure 65, and the same drawing effect is obtained as described in connection with
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, and with the advantage of
occupying less space, and of being less expensive than the rectilinear form of
antifrictional housings described, corresponding with the foregoing Figures. The
larger the diameter of the antifrictional housing rolls A, A', the less the resisting
friction on their axes will be. The containing housing rolls A, A¹, for sonie
purposes, and when large diameters are employed, can also be geared together and
be driven by power, and the drawing rolls B, B¹, without axis actuated in this
way relatively the same as described by the foregoing Figures in connection with
straight antifrictional rolling containing housings.
Figure 68, is a plan; Figure 69, a side elevation, both partly in section; and
Figure 70, a transverse section, of a pair of antifrictional rolls A, A', with drawing
rolls B, B, and guide D, placed on axis O in a bed plate H, very similar to that
just described for drawing tubes and rods and like articles, but in this example
two pairs of drawing rolls B and B³, and B³, B³, with their axes set at right angles
to the axes of those of B, B¹. The arrangement being similar to that described so
far as the drawing rolls and their mode of operation is concerned, as described in

page_text: connection with Figures 4 to 8, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings. In this example the
modification is made to suit specially for drawing light metal rods and metallic
wire C, though a like arrangement may with advantage be used for other purposes.
The antifrictional housing rolls A, A¹, are shown with side containing flanges A25.
and the cover roll channel piece A', shown used in Figures 65, 66, and 67, is not
required. The roll guide D is shown along the containing rolls A, A', and inserted
in between these rolls and the front rolls B, B¹, acting on the peripheries of the
housing rolls A, A¹, and the after pair of drawing rolls B2, B3, are contained and
made to roll upon the strong joggles or flanges A25, of the antifrictional housing
rolls A, A. The guide D, in this example is also provided with a handle D¹³, and
is prevented from going too far in between the antifrictional rolls A, A', by a stud
bolt D', inserted into the sole-plate H, and resting abutting against a snug D³,
formed in the roll guide D. This form of drawing rolls is intended to be actuated
by an ordinary wire drawing conical drum, drawbench chain, or otherwise. The
motions of the wire and rolls, are as indicated by the arrows, and the letters of
reference and numerals refer to the like parts, as in Figures 65, 66 and 67, just
described.
Figure 71, is a side sectional elevation; Figure 72, a front elevation; and
Figure 73, a plan, of a pair of rolls B, B', also suitable for rolling light inetal rods
and wire, but adapted for being actuated through the necks A5, of the containing
housing rolls A, A', which are suitable for being placed in bush roll housings
similar to those described and marked J, J', in Figures 24 and 25, on Sheet 1 of
my Drawings, and to be hereinafter more fully explained. A soleplate holding
stud containing roll axis frame may also be used, similar to that just described in
connection with Figures 65 to 70. The rolls B, B1, are shown with several semi-
circular grooves in them for reducing metal rods or wire in them by successive
passes, and may be done with the wire in a hot state as in an ordinary wire mill.
The guide D of the rollers B, B¹, is shown in section in Figure 71, and extends
transversely over the housing rolls A, A, and is fitted to their bush frame J, J,
but is shown broken off short in Figures 72 and 73. The necks A³ of the
containing housing rolls A, A¹, is also shown broken off short. The motions of
housing rolls A, A¹, wire rolls B, B¹, and of the rod C, are as indicated by the
arrows.
Figure 74, is a side sectional elevation, Figure 75, a front sectional elevation, and
Figure 76, a corresponding plan, of a pair of rolls B, B', and roll containing housing
A, A', adapted for rolling out metal tubes, and may also be used for welding iron
and steel tubes at the same operation, the containing antifrictional rolls A, A¹, in
this example to have ordinary bush bearing bousings and be driven by gear as now
in general use for rolling down metal tubes. The rolls B, B¹, without axes, have
their peripheries rounded lengthwise to suit the internal curve or circle of the
tube, their joint diameters being equal to the internal diameter of the tube C,
shown as being operated upon, the tube C interposing between the surfaces of the
containing housing rolls A, A1, and the peripheries of the rolls B, B'. The roll
guide D, bas its external surface at the ends of the rolls B, B¹, rounded to the
internal surface of the tube shown in Figure 75. The form of the recess in
the guide D, for the rolls laterally is shown in Figure 74, and in plan by
Figure 76; the upper containing housing roll A', in Figure 76, being removed for
this purpose. The guide D, over the rest of its surface, serves as an ordinary tube
mandrel, and is shown in Figures 74 and 76, provided with a square socket recess
for the holding stem rod I, which holds the guide D in, and rolls B, B1, held in it
in suitable cross line of centres to the containing rolls A, A¹, giving to that part of
the tube opposite the rolls B, B¹, rolling action, instead of sliding action, without
great resisting friction, as produced by a tube bulb mandrel, and in welding tubes
the welded over lapping edges where the resistance to pass over the mandrel is
greatest, should be caused to act or roll over the upper roll B¹. The action being
similar to that described in connection with Figures 26 and 27, on Sheet 1 of my

page_text: Drawings, and the motions of the rolls and tubes C, operated upon being as
indicated by the arrows placed on same. Figure 75 A, is a section corresponding
to Figure 75, and shows a mode of arranging three rolls B, B1, B2, (in place of two)
in the roll holder D, in the same cross plane.
Figure 77, is a plan; and Figure 78, a side elevation, of housing rolls A, A¹,
rolls B, B, and guide D, bush standards J, J¹, for the rolls A, A', and abutting
standard H, for the stem rod I, the necks of the rolls being shown with a
coupling A, and set before a furnace R. This antifrictional rolling plan is mainly
suitable for rolling tubes of large diameters, and the containing rolls A, A¹, suit
best to be of large diameters, the housing J' is removed in Figure 78, and the rolls
and housing shown in section to show the arrangement. The motions are as
indicated by the arrows..
Figure 79, is a side sectional elevation, and Figure 80, a transverse section, of a
roll containing housing A, A', shown broken off, and rolls B, B¹, and guide rod,
their containing rolls and tube C, operated upon being shown in section and
portions of their containing rolls A, A¹, being shown broken off. In this example
there is a second pair of rolls shown used B³, B³, resting or abutting on the first
pair B, B, and only a plain abutting guiding rod D, used which serves also in its
after part as a stationary stem rod I. This form and arrangement of rolls is
mainly suitable for rolling and expanding out metal tubes in a cold state from the
inside; the motions being as indicated by the arrows. This form of housing
can with advantage be modified to an oval or square form with rounded off
corners, analogous to that shown in Figures 30 and 31, on sheet i, with the
straight housing.
Figure 81, is a sectional side elevation; and Figure 82, a transverse section, of
a pair of rolls B, B¹, containing rolls A, A¹, and guide piece D, shown in section,
portions of the containing rolls A, A¹, being shown broken off. The arrangement
of rolls shown by same is mainly suitable for rolling out, and it may be at same
time for welding large size square formed tubular beams from channeled shaped or
other form of iron or steel-bars or plates C, by the same main arrangements as
described in connection with Figures 65 to 80. The arrangement of rolls B, B¹,
being also similar to that described in connection with Figures 26 and 27, on
Sheet 1, of my Drawings. In this example in order to increase the width over the
rolls B and B¹, and at same time to secure a connection to the forward with the
after part of the guide D, two pairs of short rolls B and B¹, and B¹, and B18, are
shown interposed between the rolls B and B', which effect the same antifrictional
abutting rolling action as when one pair is used, and the intervening portions or
ribs of the roll guide casting D³, D10, and D", securing a continuous connection
with the forward end of the guide D, with its after end in which the stem
rod I, socket is formed, and stem rod I shown fitted into same, the motions of
the rolls and tube C, being operated upon, being all as indicated by the arrows
placed on same. One or more sets of rolls B, B¹, and intervening rolls B5, B6,
and B1, B18, may be used in one guide D with containing rolls A, A¹, of large
diameters.
Figure 83, is a side sectional elevation; and Figure 84, is a transverse section,
of a somewhat similar mode to that just described, of securing a greater distance
across the peripheries of the rolls B, B¹, than their joint diameters, by a similar
motion and action to that described in connection with Figures 15 and 16 on
Sheet 1 of my Drawings, by interposing a straight square bar B1, between the
rolls B and B¹. In this example there are two sets of rolls shown in the roll
guide B and B¹, and B³ and B³ set at right angles in different planes, and the rolle
shown suited for a round tube C, of a shape somewhat similar to that described in
connection with Figures 79 and 80. The square central abutting rod B19, should
be of cast steel, as also the rolls B and B and B and B³, for their ends to stand
the overhanging strain over the square bar B1. The central antifrictional rolling
bar moves in a reverse direction from the motion of the tube, and should be

page_text: inserted into a hollow stem rod I, which when operated passes along the tube C,
being operated upon, the motions of the containing rolls A, A, rolls B, B¹,
B2 and B³, tube C, and central abutting rod B10, being all as indicated by the
arrows placed on same. It will be generally advantageous to roll metal tubes in a
hot state in an oval form, with rolls of this description, and afterwards round them
up in finishing rolls.
•
Figure 85, is a plan; Figure 86, a side elevation; and Figure 87, a transverse
section, of a bevel wheel containing antifrictional roll housing A, cast in one piece,
shown with a' pair of rolls B, B', adapted for rolling and drawing such articles as
rods, wire, tubes or other articles C, by the articles being drawn through the rolls,
or operated as described in connection with Figures 65 to 70; the containing roll
housing A, working loosely an easy working fit on its axis 0, and the rod C, on
being drawn through the groove between the rolls B, B¹, as shown in Figures 86
and 87; the rolls B, B¹, revolve the housing roll A, in an opposite direction, as
indicated by the arrows. The rolls B, B₁, are shown with their axes in a vertical
position, this position being best suited for being operated from the chain of a
draw bench N or by the pulling drum of a wire block, for which this modification
of these rolls is adapted. The frame plate H, is shown fixed to the forward end
of a drawbench N, broken off short. The rolls B and B₁, are shown formed with
long axes, supported in bearings at the upper end formed in the bracket H, and
also shown provided with the end thrust centre bearing set pins H, H, for holding
the rolls B and B in their positions in their containing housing A, against the
pulling action of the rod C, being drawn; they are shown provided with axes O³,
at their under ends and placed an easy working fit in suitable axis bearings in the
end of the guide bar D, secured to the soleplate H, by the holding down gland H³.
In order to facilitate the entering of the rod C, in between the roll so as to allow
the grasping tongs E, or other equivalent pulling means to get hold of it beyond
the rolls B, B', and also to provide a means of tightening up the containing grasp
of the antifrictional containing channel housing wheel A, the axis O, is shown
provided with an eccentric boss O', on which is shown keyed a hand lever O', for
partially turning round the axis O, by which action owing to the eccentricity of
its carrying boss O', as described in connection with Figures 65 to 70, it can at
pleasure be raised or depressed a short distance, and owing to the bevel on the
sides of the channel a¹, in the housing wheel A, when the lever, is turned round to
the position, as indicated by the dotted lines d, the rolls B, B¹, can be freely opened
out a short way for the insertion of the rod C, and before or just after the drawing
action is begun, the lever 03, drawn back to the position in which it is shown,
which is regulated by the lever guide 04. The motions of the rod C, being
operated upon, rolls B, B¹, and of their containing antifrictional bevel wheel formed
housing A, being all as indicated by the arrows placed on saine. In applications
of drawing, and crushing rolls placed in bevel wheel containing housing, and anti-
frictional housings of this form of large size, the axes of the drawing rolls can with
advantage be placed in horizontal line, and the axis of their containing wheel
placed vertically, and the larger the diameter of the antifrictional containing
housing wheel A, the less the diameters of the drawing rolls B, B¹ used the less
bevel will be required to obtain a correct mechanical rolling action on the surfaces
of the drawing rolls, with the surfaces of their housing containing rolls, and for
short rolls the channel in the housing roll may be made under these conditions of
a square shape entirely like those described in connection with Figures 68 to 70.
Figure 88, is a plan, and Figure 89, a side elevation, both in section, of a
containing antifrictional housing wheel A, of this kind, broken off, and only showing
portion of the rim of same with the rolls B, B', their guide D, also broken off,
and shown without fastening end. The motions of all being as indicated by the
arrows.
For short objects or materials to be operated upon, and where there might
not be convenient space for entire antifrictional housing rolls or wheels, segmental

page_text: wheel antifrictional housings may be used with like forms of roll guides, and like
forms of rolls.
As will be readily seen similar arrangements may be adopted of containing
antifrictional housing of rolls analogous to those described in the hereinbefore
described improved processes of drawing, pressing, bending, shaping and crushing
mills and machines in connection with rectilinear or straight and parallel wheel
antifrictional containing housings, modified to suit the purposes they are
designed for.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts,
of housings or apparatus for rolling, drawing, pressing, bending, shaping, and
crushing mills and machines, all substantially as herein described respectively for
these several purposes in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The straight, or curvilinear antifrictional channel housings for rolls,
actuated by the objective material being drawn or forced through between the rolls,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and shown
in Figures 1 to 14, 23 to 25, 32 to 35 and 59 to 89, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. In said antifrictional roll housings, the operating of the rolls by their
guides being drawn or forced along the housings, causing the rolls to roll the
objective materials between them, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described in reference to and shown in Figures 15 to 19, 26 to 31, 36 to 52, and
56 to 70, of the accompanying Drawings..
Fourth. In said antifrictional roll housings, the operating of the rolls through
their axes by wheel or other gear, the housings sustaining the strain traversing or
rolling on the axes of the rolls, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described in reference to and shown in Figures 23 to 44, 48 to 64, 85 to 89, of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In said antifrictional roll housings, the operating of the rolls by being
drawn or pushed along the channel by attaching actuating hydraulic rams or like
means to the bush axis bearings of the rolls, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 38 to 46, 47 to 52, and
56 to 64, of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In said antifrictional roll housings making the rolls to roll and draw or
elongate the objective material between the rolls and the sides or portion of their
containing housings, or with a matrix inserted into same, the rolls being rotated by
moving force applied to their guide or to their axes, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 17 to 46, 47 to 52,
56 to 64, and 86 to 89, of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh. In said antifrictional roll housings, the actuating of the rolls by the
bousings being drawn or pushed over the rolls, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 20 to 37, 40 to 46, and
47 to 70, of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. In said antifrictional roll housings, the driving of the rolls by ordinary
stationary reversing actuating gear the straight housing receiving the pressing
strain of the rolls, the antifrictional housing being allowed to move on end
correspondingly, substantially as and for the purposes herein described in
reference to and shown in Figures 23 to 25, and 53 to 55, of the accompanying
Drawings.
Ninth. In roll, pulley, or segmental antifrictional housings, the setting of the
rolls in their guides and actuating them by the objective material being drawn
or pushed through the rolls, or the housings and rolls moved over the objective

page_text: material, substantially as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and
shown in Figures 65 to 89, of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth. Rolls set in their guides without axes and contained and operated within
and by the surfaces of their wheel housings by wheel or other gear through their
axes, with the arrangement of their guide for interchange of rolls, substantially as
and for the purposes herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 71 to 73,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh. Rolls operated by power applied to the axes of their containing wheel
or segmental housings by operating on the rolls through the objective material
interposed between the housing rolls and drawing rolls, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 74 to 84, of the
accompanying Drawings.