CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR GENERATING STEAM AND CURRENTS OF AIR, AND FOR THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eighth day of July, in the tenth year of the reign, did, for Hiniself,
His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses Poole, His
special licence that I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my executors, adñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully.
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick upon Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR
RAISING OR GENERATING STEAM AND CURRENTS OF AIR, AND FOR THE APPLICATION
THEREOF TO LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, AND OTHER PURPOSES" (communicated to me by a
certain foreigner residing abroad); in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, obliging inc, the said Moses. Poole, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be enrolled in His said Majesty's Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will. more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do declare the nature of the said Invention is described as
follows (that is to say):-..
The improvement in the apparatus for raising or generating steam, which I
shall first describe, consists in the mode of forming the boiler, which is composed
of a series of tubes (5, 5, 5,) connected at their ends in such manner that they
shall form one continued channel or passage through the whole, as shewn by.
the arrows (Figure 3). At one end of the series, the feed pipe (a) from the pump
is attached, and to the other a strong vessel (Q, Figure 3), which receives the
steam from the boiler when it is formed, as the water is driven through the
boiler from the feed pipe. . In this vessel any water that may have passed
unconverted into steam in its passage, is separated by its own gravity, and is
again driven through the boiler by means of a force pump (R) provided for the
purpose; in some cases the water may be allowed to pass with the steam from
this vessel through the engines, which are peculiarly formed for the purpose, as
'will be presently shewn, to the second vessel (M), where it seperates by its own
gravity, as in the first case, and from which it is also recirculated through the
boiler by the pump provided for the purpose. The steam is taken from the
top of the first vessel or separater (Q), and carried by a pipe (w) to its.required
situation. The pipes or tubes forming the boiler are joined by screwing: each.
into a hollow casting (1, Figure 2 and 3); the joint is made good: by..bringing..
back a collar before a nut packed with asbestos or fire lute. The pipes may be
"of any length or size proportioned to the power required; those shewn in the
Drawing are about three feet six inches long, and about one inch bore; they
are place parrelled to each other over the fire, down the sides, and under the
fire, thus forming a sort of cage work, in which the fuel is placed. In the.end
of the castings a bolt (t) is screwed opposite the end of every pipe, so that at
any time it may be withdrawn and the pipes cleaned. This may be done
by forcing a rod up and down the pipes, armed with a barb at, its end,
like the rods used to clean gun-barrels, or any other simple mode; when the
incrustation is thus mechanically removed from the sides of the tubes, they are
washed out by pumping water through them. This being done, the bolt is
again screwed into its place, packed under the head or not, as circumstances.
require. As the quantity of water in the tubes is very small. compared with
.the heating surface exposed, and there is no circulation or supply except by the
force pumps which are worked by the engines, it is necessary. that some means
should be used when the engine stops to keep up the supply and circulation,
otherwise the pipes will soon become red hot, and do considerable mischief.
This may be done by hand or by a small cylinder provided expressly. for the

page_text: I enect this by drawing
purpose, when the boiler is applied on a carriage.
the wheels off the ground, and again setting the engines to work, and conse-
quently the pumps. To do this a chain is made to pass round a shaft or wind-
lass (T, Figure 2 and 4), the other end being connected to the bottom of a
lever or. prop (i) a few inches longer than the radius of the wheel, which being
drawn by winding the windlass by a shaft which goes through a tube to the
pinion; lifts the hind wheels off the ground; the same contrivance also acts as
a drag in going down hill, or stopping in any other situation, should it at any
time be necessary after the steam has been cut off from the engines. Instead
of winding the carriage of the ground by hand to drag it going down hill, or
for the purpose of working the pumps when it stops, I frequently use the steam
itself, and I effect this by fixing a small cylinder (6) under the perch, or in any
other convenient situation, fitted up with a piston and rod in the ordinary way;
to the end of the piston rod a chain (7) is fixed, reaching to the windlass chain
or to the shoe or foot direct of the lever; on admitting the steam at one end of
the cylinder (which is done by a pipe and an ordinary three-way cock), the
piston is forced in, and draws the carriage off the ground in the same manner
as if drawn by the windlass; on turning off the steam the piston returns, and
the carriage will again rest on its wheels on the ground. This plan is very
convenient for dragging, as the steam may be thrown on and modified at
pleasure to any extent, and also for stopping suddingly if required on the road.
The joint at the head of the lever or prop may be fixed to the frame or to the
axle. I shall now describe my said improvement in the apparatus for raising
or generating steam as applied to a locomotive engine or carriage, for which
purpose it is eminently adapted; and I shall describe the mode of fixing the
engines, pumps, &c., which will explain the subject more fully and be readily
understood. The steam is made to act on the.hind wheels to propel the carriage
by two high pressure engines or cylinders laying one on each side of the
perch A, A, Figure 1, and connected to the axle of the hind wheels by a loop
from the piston rod. The axle is bent into two cranks B, B, standing at right
angles with each other, similar to the usual mode now in use in steam boats
to produce a rotary motion of the paddle wheels; one or both of the wheels
are connected to the axle at pleasure by bolting to the rim of the wheel a
lever (C, C) firmly fixed te, the end of the axle at (D, D), being keyed or
screwed on it. One wheel s shewn in the Drawings connected at (E), the
other not connected at (F). The valves are, worked by eccentrics on the axle
in the usual mode; the parallel motion is preserved by a wheel (C, f, 2,.) fixed
on the end of thie, pistou rod, and working in a guide (FI) fixed to the perch
or frame of the carriage to which the engines are bolted. The steam ways of

page_text: the cylinder are different from those now in use, and are contrived to meet the
peculiarities of the boiler. Instead of the steam being admitted and withdraw
from the upper part of the cylinder, it is made to escape from the lowest, by
which means any water which may happen to come over with the steam, is
effectually thrown out with the steam as it escapes through the eduction. way
The mode of effecting this is by casting in the covers of the cylinders a channel
or opening (I, f, 5), which shall correspond or fit, when fixed at the top side
with the usual eduction way (K), the other end reaching to and opening into
the cylinder at the lowest part (L), thus eflecting a continued opening from the
under side to the eduction pipe of the cylinder. I shall next describe my mode
of producing currents of air in chimneys, &c., by causing steam aboye atmo-
spheric pressure to escape in the direction of and within the flue in such a
manner that the steam, by passing with considerable velocity through the
chimney, shall drive out the column of air in the chimney with force, and thus
set the air in rapid motion in the same direction. The current of air thus set
in motion in the chimney will draw after it a corresponding quantity of air to
fill up the partial vacuum thus produced through any channel or channels
made to convey it, and thus a constant current of air or draft may be kept up
while the steam current is in operation for any length of time. Steam may be
obtained either from a boiler or other source for this purpose, and as one of
the most useful applications of this principle is to keep up a strong draft where
high chimneys or other means cannot be conveniently obtained, for instance in
a steam carriage, I shall describe the mode of applying it for producing a
valuable draft on a steam carriage, by which will be seen the mode of applying
it to produce "drafts or currents of air" in any other situation. I shall now
describe the said Invention as applied to a locomotive engine or carriage, for
which purpose it is eminently adapted; and I shall describe the carriage gene-
rally, shewing the necessary points connected with the said impovements.
First, to produce the draft, I take the steam from a vessel (M, Figs. 2, 3, 4),
into which the eduction pipe from the engines is made to terminate, and
convey steam above atmospheric pressure. A pipe (3) from this vessel conveys
the steam to the chimney (N), where it is made to discharge itself upwards
through four small tubes, united at their base with the pipe (3) from the vessel
(M). These tubes are so small that all the steam from the vessel (M) cannot
escape suddenly as it comes from the engines; the vessel will consequently
require time to empty itself down to atmospheric pressure, and thus the steam
will escape in a continued current up to the next discharge of the engine, and drive
the column of air uniformly before it. The column thus set in motion up the
chimney must draw its supplies from beneath through the fire, every other com-

page_text: munication with the atmosphere being cut off. The area of the discharging tubes
in the chimney must be in proportion to the quantity and pressure of the steam
in the vessel (M) and the intensity of draft required. As the quantity of steam
discharged in the vessel (M) may be very considerable at certain times, which
would produce a strong pressure against the pistons, as well as cause too great
intensity of draft, a safety valve (Z, Fig. 2), must be placed on it, from which
a waste pipe (o), must be carried to the chimney or any other convenient
situation of sufficient capacity to admit of an easy discharge of all such steam
from the engines. This valve by the spring (4) on it, may be fixed to any
pressure, and which will regulate the force of the discharge through the draft
tubes; for should the pressure in the vessel (M) get above that force, the
valve will lift and allow the escape of the overplus of steam through the waste
pipe. The degree of draft may thus be regulated at pleasure, for it will always
be in proportion to the force of discharge. The steam from high pressure
engines is frequently thrown into the flues and chimneys, but never under
pressure or in a continued current, so as to produce a draft, and the effect is
that it rather injures the fire. Every other part of the apparatus connected
with the locomotive engine not described, is generally known by engineers, and
may be seen by reference to the Drawings accompanying this.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, party hereto, the Eithgth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty.