IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Loader, of Finsbury Market, in the County of
Middlesex, Wood Turner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS."
Sealed the 30th November 1866, and dated the 6th June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Loader at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
June 1866.
I, JOHN LOADER, of Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex, Wood
Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for lifting and lowering heavy bodies relate
to the application of the differential motion of toothed gearing to operate the
chain, or band, or rope whereby the weights are to be lifted. I mount two
toothed wheels in juxtaposition loose on. the same axis, and I communicate
between the one wheel and the other by means of a toothed pinion gearing
with both. Two of these pinions may be employed and placed in gear with the
wheels diametrically opposite to each other; the one wheel I make with a
greater number of teeth than the other, so that while the one performs a
revolution the other with a lesser number of teeth performs rather less than.
one revolution. I fix to or form of a piece with said wheels, chain, rope, or.
band pullies, by preference in such way that the chain, rope, or band cannot

page_text: slip thereon; these pullies are both of same diameter. I pass two bights of
an endless chain, rope, or band over these two pullies, and which depends there-
from in two bights of a length according to the hoisting purpose required.
A pulley is disposed in one of the depending bights with a frame and hook
adapted for securing the weights to be hoisted or lowered; in the other
depending bight a second pulley may be disposed with a hook to carry a
counterbalancing weight if necessary.
For lifting light weights, or when using, this apparatus like a block and fall,
the pinion or pinions before mentioned are free on their axes, and the lifting
or lowering operated by bauling directly on the. endless chain or rope; but
where this apparatus is employed for heavy weights, such as for crab, crane, or
overhead traveller purposes, I fix one or both of the pinions forming the com-
munication between the differential wheels on axes, and apply the power to
operate the lifting or lowering through such axes, pinion, or pinions by means
of winch handles or otherwise..
Instead of the differential wheels and pinions described, the said wheels
may consist of endless screw wheels communicating with or operated by an
endless screw, the screw wheels having a dissimilar number of serrations or
teeth so as to produce the difference required in their revolutions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of' the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Loader in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Joun
LOADER, of Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex,, Wood Turner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Loader, Her special licence that I, the said John Loader,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Loader, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Loader, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe, and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Loader, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being bad to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My improvements in apparatus for lifting and lowering heavy bodies relate
to the application of the differential motion of toothed gearing to operate the -
chain, band, or rope whereby the weights are to be lifted. I mount two toothed
wheels in juxtaposition loose on the same axis, and I communicate between
the one wheel and the other by means of a toothed pinion gearing with both.
Two of these pinions may be employed and placed in gear with the wheels
diametrically opposite to each other, or two pinions may be mounted on a
shaft, one pinion gearing with each wheel and so effecting a connection
between them; the one wheel I make with a greater number of teeth than
the other, so that while the one performs a revolution the other with the
greater number of teeth performs rather less than one revolution. I fix to or
form of a piece with said wheels chain, rope, or band pullies, by preference in
such way that the chain, rope, or band cannot slip thereon; these pullies are
both of samo diameter. I pass two bights of an endless chain, rope, or band
over these two pullies, and which depend therefrom in two bights of a length
according to the hoisting purpose required. A pulley is disposed in one of
the depending bights with a frame and hook adapted for securing the weight
to be hoisted or lowered; in the other depending bight a second pulley may
be disposed with a hook to carry a counterbalancing weight if necessary.
For lifting light weights, or when using this apparatus like blocks and
fall, the pinion or pinions before mentioned are free on their axes and the
lifting or lowering operated by hauling directly on the endless chain or rope,
but where this apparatus is employed for heavy weights, such as for crabs,
cranes, or overhead traveller purposes, I may fix- one or both of the pinions
forming the communication between the differential wheels on their axes and
apply the power to operate the lifting or lowering through such axes, pinion
or pinions, by means of winch handles or otherwise.

page_text: consist of endless screw wheels communicating or operated by an endless
screw, the screw wheels having a dissimilar number of serrations or teeth so
as to produce the difference required in their revolution.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents an edge view, and Figure 2 a side view of apparatus
constructed according to my Invention, adapted as a substitute for blocks and
fall for hoisting and lowering weights.
a, a, are the cheek plates or frame connected by ties b, b, and suspended
from above by a hook 'c in the manner of a pulley block. The cheek plates a, a,
support a bolt or axis d on which are disposed the chain riggers e, e', also
spur wheels ff, the rigger e and spur wheelf being of a piece or fixed
together, and the rigger e¹ and the spur wheel f¹ also of one piece or fixed
together they are mounted loosely on axis d. The riggers e and e¹ are of
same diameter and correspond with each other exactly, but the wheels f
and differ more or less in diameter and number of teeth, the one wheel
being made at least with one tooth less than the other; but there may be a
greater difference in diameter and the number of teeth, for instance, a
difference of two, three, four, or more teeth. In this arrangement of spur
gearing although a difference of one tooth only exists between the wheels, a
like difference may exist in the pinions 9, 9', gearing with said wheels f and f^,
the pinion with the smaller number of teeth gearing with the wheel baving
the larger number and vice versa ; these pinions being fixed on the same axis h
connect the wheels and make the motion of the one dependent on the other,
while the extent of difference will be multiplied by the differences both between
the wheels and the pinions. The one pinion g is fixed on the axis h, while
the other is fitted on a square part or feather thereon by which it is carried
round by the shaft, but on which it may be slid in or out of gear by a clutch k,
as and for the purpose herein-after explained. The cheek plates a, a, are
furnished with rims to enclose the teeth of the wheels, as seen.
An endless chain is arranged and disposed over the chain wheels depending
in a double bight as shown, the depending bights being crossed; a pulley is
suspended in one bight to which the article to be raised is attached. If the
heavy body to be raised is not excessive the other bight of the chain may be
worked by hand which gives motion to both the chain wheels e, e¹, the one
taking up the one part of the chain supporting the weight while the other
chain wheel is giving out or lowering on the same bight, but which being at
a slower velocity than the taking up a differential motion is established which

page_text: slowly raises the weight; the rate of lifting of course depends on the diffi-rence
of the wheels before explained. The reverse movement may of course be
used for lowering heavy bodies. When it is desired to overhaul the tackle (no
weight being attached at the time) I slide the pinion g' on the axis h by the
clutch arm k, so as to be out of gear with the wheel f', when the chain will
be free to run away and lower the pulley quickly and without the interference
of the differential motion of the wheels. To traverse the clutch armi k, I
mount canis n, n, on an axis o to which a hand lever p is affixed; this hand
lever by its weight and pendant position always tends to keep the pinion
in gear with the wheel, and, unless the lever be raised by hand, if in. an
inaccessible position it may be tripped by a line passing over a pulley attached
above for the purpose. On axis ha further chain wheel 9 may be mounted
from which to hang an endless band chain by which the gear may be worked!
instead of by the double bight chain as before; this hand chain and wheel
affords considerable multiplying power for lifting heavy weights."
Figures 3 and 4 represent side and edge views of another arrangement of
the apparatus adapted for similar lifts. In this case bevil wheels are employed,
and one pinion only is represented as communicating between them. The
chain wheels e, e¹, and wheels f, f', have the same relation to each other as
before described, and are mounted on an axis d in a frame a, a, b, having
a book c and axis d, the wheels f, f', being encircled by rims or flanges of a,
all as before. In this case it is inconvenient to make more than one tooth
difference between the wheels f,f', inasmuch as the sante pinion takes
into both, and they being of different diameters will interfere somewhat with
the well working of the apparatus if greater difference exists. The pinion r
is mounted loosely on its vertical axis s, and gears with both wheels. The
chain is endless as before, but in this case the bights are not crossed but hang
the one from one side of the two chain wheels e, e, while the other hangs
from the opposite side or diameter of said wheels; the action of this apparatus
is the same as before, and need not be repeated. In order to throw the
wheels f,, out of gear with each other to overhaul the tackle when tight, I
fix the axis s on the strap of an eccentric mounted on the axis d; a lever t is
fixed to the axis d, by turning which rotates the eccentric and raises axis s
carrying with it the pinion r and so moving it out of gear with the wheels f,f,
when the chain will be free; stops may be provided to fix the lever handle t to
hold the pinion r in or out of gear.
Figure 5 represents a side view, and Figure 6 a plan of an arrangement
of the gear similar to that at Figures 3 and 4, but which is arranged and
adapted more for the purposes of overhead travellers and for heavier weights

page_text: than the foregoing arrangements. The chain and toothed wheels e, f, e¹, f¹,
are the same as before, and mounted on axes fitted in bearings 1, 2, 3, of a
frame a, a, adapted to the traveller. In this case bevil wheels are employed,
as last herein-before described, in which there exists a difference in diameter
of one or two teeth; a pinion takes into both as before. The pinion is
made to slide with or on its axis s¹ out of gear with wheels f, f¹. On axis s²
may be fixed a winch handle whereby to actuate the apparatus, as also a
chain wheel and hand chain pendant therefrom to actuate the apparatus
from below. I furnish the wheels f, f, with ratchet teeth on the peri-
phery into which pawls j,j, take to prevent the wheels running back with
the weight when the pinion is out of gear at any time, and which they
sustain until such pawls are lifted out of gear. To facilitate lowering the
heavy bodies suspended from the endless chain C, I apply a fourth shaft y and
pinion w, as seen in plan, said pinion taking into one wheel fonly. This
shaft is furnished with a winch handle to operate the apparatus for lifting
weights and also with a brake wheel E, having a friction strap surrounding it
operated by a hand lever, as well understood in cranes and crabs. When it
is desired to lower a weight the pinion r¹ is thrown out of gear as also the
pawl j, leaving the chain and bevil wheels e, f, free except in so far as
regards the pinion w, which is always in gear and the brake lever. By
regulating the friction on the brake lever the weight may be lowered in the
bight of the chain C at pleasure independent of the other gear and the
differential motion of the toothed gearing. In this arrangement, as in the
last, be it observed that the pendant bights of the endless chain are not
crossed as in the first arrangement shown at Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 represents an edge view, and Figure 8 a side view of the differential
hoisting gear arranged as for a crab. The arrangement of the toothed gearing,
which is spur gear, is precisely similar to that described in Figure 1. a, a, is
the framework of the crab; e, f, e, f, the chain and spur wheels; and g, g',
the spur pinions, whose axis h is prolonged at each end, and winch handles
fitted thereto to apply the power for operating the lift; on said axis h also is
fitted a friction brake wheel II and strap I fixed at 4, and attached to a hand
lever 5, whereby the friction on the brake is regulated; I also apply pawls j,j',
to take into the spur wheels f, f', whereby to sustain the weight when one of
the pinions g' is thrown out of gear with its wheel f' as before mentioned.
One of the pawls j,j, is of course thrown out of contact with the spur wheel
while lowering by backing the motion of the axis h. The bights of the
endless chain D pendant from the chain wheels e, e¹, cross each other as in
the first illustration, Figures 1 and 2, consequently the pawls j,, are at

page_text: opposite sides of the wheels f.f, and not on the same side as in Figures 5
and 6. The chain wheels are mostly represented with pins in the peripheries
to take into the links of the chain in order to prevent them slipping, but any
other arrangement of chain wheel that will answer the object desired may be
adopted.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing"
the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
berein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement of endless
chains and chain wheels in combination with the differential toothed gearing,.
as and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said. John Loader, have hereunto set my band
and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
W. CLARK,
Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
JOHN LOADER. (L.S.).