Improvements relating to the Spinning of Wool and other Textile Materials and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements relating to the Spinning of Wool and other Textile
Materials and to Apparatus therefor.
I, EUGÈNE GASPARD BRUN, of L'Isle sur la Sorgue, Department of Vaucluse,
in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the spinning of wool and other textile materials and
to apparatus therefor.
Until within the last few years the spinning of rovings coming from carding
machines has been effected upon machines known by the names of "Jeannette,"
"Mule-Jenny" and "self-acting mule." The thread produced by means of these
machines is certainly perfect, but such machines are under the disadvantage
of being extremely cumbersome. In addition to this the cop or quantity of thread
wound upon a spindle, requires a supplementary treatment which is as costly
as the spinning, in order to be transformed into " cops," cocoons," or hanks,
according to the purpose for which the thread is intended.
It has been endeavoured to construct fixed spinning machines, that is to say
spinning machines without a carriage, which should be less cumbersome and
capable of causing the sliver leaving the carding machine to undergo the four
usual operations of spinning (feeding, drawing, twisting and winding). These
are the machines known as continuous spinning machines. Although the pro-
ducts obtained from these machines are good, the drawing is defective and the
cops produced require to be again wound like the cop of the original machines.
but with which no
Other machines have been devised which form cocoons
great speed can be attained, by reason of the complicated driving of the spindles
which they demand. In addition to this they are noisy and the twisting is
defective.
66
"
I have therefore endeavoured to avoid the defects of each of these forms of
machine and to profit by the advantages they possess. With this object I have

page_text: devised a combined method of spinning and devices for carrying the same into
practice which I will now describe.
The slivers, on issuing from the carding machine of any kind, pass over a
drawing cylinder arranged between the carding machine and the cop-forming
machine arranged in front of this latter. This cop-forming machine comprises
as many cones in which the cops are formed, as there are ends in the carding
machine; one for each end. These cones are arranged, in one or more rows,
upon a fixed table; they are each provided with equidistant apertures (three at
least) each of which apertures permits of the passage of a roller, which projects
slightly into the interior of the cone, its axis of rotation being outside A spindle
passes through each of the cones. This spindle is of cylindrical form at its upper
portion but is flattened at the lower portion. This flat portion enters,
with very slight friction, the slit of a lower barrel by means of
which movement is imparted to it. This barrel rotates around a fixed tube or
pivot and is provided with a pulley over which passes a transmission cord which
also passes over a cylinder rigidly fixed upon the driving shaft. Any other
suitable method of driving the spindles may however be employed, such as gear-
wheels for example.
The slivers, on leaving the cylinder pass through guides, the number of which
corresponds to the number of cones.
These guides pass through the table and are fixed upon a lower table to which
is imparted a reciprocating movement inclined to the vertical and such that the
guides are displaced parallel with their respective cones. For this purpose the
lower table is provided, at each of its extremities, with an obliquely arranged
rule engaged in a corresponding slide rigidly attached to the upper table, and is
attached by means of a link, a lever oscillating upon a fixed point and a connect-
ing rod, to the shed of a crank disc keyed upon the axis of the drawing roller.
Under the influence of this guiding and transmission arrangement there is
imparted to the lower table, the motion above described. It will of course be
understood that the inclination of the slides correspond to that of the generating
lines of the cones.
1
The displacement in question serves to guide the slivers as near as possible
to the cones and thus avoid all tractive effort of a nature to lengthen or deform
them.
The slivers are formed into cops upon the spindles within the cones, in the
usual manner; it will, however, be noticed that, in addition to the advantages
obtained from the guides the rollers, which are rotated by the cops themselves,
reduce to a minimum the friction of these latter within the cones and facilitate
their progressive rise. It follows from this that it is possible to form into cops
slivers consisting of weak or short material.
Finally, with the object of avoiding any strain in the rotation of the rollers
by the cops in process of formation, these rollers are made conical and not
cylindrical in form, their greatest diameter being situated at their upper portion,
in such a manner that for their entire length, the surfaces in contact with the
cops may have the same velocity as this latter.
The cops thus obtained are very close owing to the use of heavy spindles, which
is rendered possible on account of the reduction of friction in the cones; the cops
are finished when their respective spindles escape from the slit in the barrels.
They are then withdrawn one by one from the cones, removed from their spindles
(which are then replaced in the cones) and placed in the spinning machine.
This machine comprises a certain number of rotating spindles arranged upon
the two longitudinal faces of the machine, and mounted and driven in the custom-
ary manner. The driving may be effected by means of a pulley over which passes
a cord coming from a cylinder rigidly fixed upon a driving shaft which receives
its movement, by means of an endless cord from the main shaft upon which are
mounted fast and loose pulleys.
Each of the said spindles is surmounted by a kind of cylindrical box which is

page_text: rigidly attached to the same and at the top of which is arranged a lid retained
by a bayonet joint or any other suitable means of attachment. Within the
boxes are placed the cops coming from the cop forming machine and the sliver
at the centre of the summit of the cop passes or is engaged in a tube arranged
at the centre of the lid the shape of which is somewhat convex. If the sliver
should break during the spinning operation which is hereinafter referred to,
the said sliver is secured by means of a hook which is inserted in the longitudinal
slits formed the entire height of the box.
The tube of the lid is continued by an iron wire bent into zig-zag shape
through which the sliver passes before reaching the set of rollers arranged above
it at a suitable distance and which serve to feed the slivers: This set of rollers
comprises two lower rollers arranged at the same level and an upper roller con-
sisting of lengths of rollers pressing upon two threads in the same manner as
the pressing cylinders of self-acting spinning machines. The sectional roller
rests upon the lower rollers and is driven by these rollers which are themselves
actuated by means of a train of gear wheels which starts from the main shaft.
Finally the machine is surmounted by a reeling device or by a copping appliance,
or by a winder, according to the nature of the thread to be produced (warp or
weft) or according to the form in which it is desired to obtain the thread (bobbin,
cop, or hank), or again by the whole of these appliances if it is desired to obtain
all these different kinds of thread. These various devices are driven, by means
of an endless cord passing over corresponding pulleys mounted upon the inter-
mediate shaft
It is between the extremity of the iron wire and the presser roller that the
torsion of the slivers takes place. This torsion is obtained by the rotation of
the spindles; it commences at the right hand of the first roller and terminates
at the extremity of the iron wires which form a sufficient baffle in order that
the said torsion may not extend to the cop, the first rows of which it would
entangle. Each of the spindles is provided with a pedal brake by means of
which anyone of them may be isolated without interrupting the operation of
the others, and this facilitates the re-attachment of the threads in case of rupture
without interruption to the operation of the machine.
It will be noticed that the degree of torsion will depend upon the pre-deter-
mined ratio between the velocity of the feed produced by the presser roller and
the rotation of the spindles. It will also be noticed that the whole of the trans-
mission parts are preferably arranged in the usual manner at one of the extremi-
ties of the machine and that in this transmission may be interposed an inter-
mediate part by means of which the velocity ratio may be varied so as to obtain
a different torsion.
Finally, it should be understood that I do not limit myself as regards the forms
and dimensions of the constituent parts of this spinning machine, which, as
above stated, comprises a row of spindles upon each face."
D
OL 1
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant
Improvements relating to the Spinning of Wool and other Textile
Materials and to Apparatus therefor.
I, EUGÈNE GASPARD BRUN, of L'Isle sur la Sorgue, Department of Vaucluse,
in the Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-

page_text: tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to the spinning of wool and other textile materials and
to apparatus therefor.
"
65
Until within the last few years the spinning of rovings from carding machines
has been effected upon machines known by the names of "Jeannette," Mule-
Jenny and Self-acting mule." The thread produced by means of these
machines is certainly perfect, but such machines have the disadvantage of being
extremely cumbersome. In addition to this the cop or quantity of thread wound
upon a spindle, requires a supplementary treatment which is as costly as the
spinning in order to be transformed into "cops" cocoons or hanks, according
to the purpose for which the thread is intended.
"
It has been endeavoured to construct fixed spinning machines, that is to say
spinning machines without a carriage, which should be less cumbersome and
capable of causing the sliver leaving the carding machine to undergo the usual
operations of spinning (feeding, drawing, twisting and winding). These are
the machines known as continuous spinning machines. Although the products
obtained from these machines are good, the drawing is defective and the cops
produced require to be again wound like the cops of the original machines.
"
Other machines have been devised which form " cocoons but with which no
great speed can be attained, by reason of the complicated driving of the spindles
which they demand. In addition to this they are noisy and the twisting is
defective.
I have therefore endeavoured to avoid the defects of these forms of machine
and to profit by the advantages they possess. With this object I have devised a
combined method of spinning and devices for carrying the same into practice
which I will now describe with reference to the accompanying drawing, in
which
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a machine for forming cocoons
or cops which is arranged in such a manner as to form the slivers into cocoons
or cops on their leaving the carding machine.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section taken upon the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a detail view of the spindle employed in the machine.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a machine adapted for the reception
of the cocoons or cops of slivers and to spin the same in accordance with my
invention, and
Figure 5 is a detail front elevation of the rollers of the spinning machine.
The slivers, on issuing from the carding machine of any kind, pass over a
drawing cylinder A (Figure 1) arranged between the carding machine and the
cop forming machine arranged in front of this latter. This cop forming machine
comprises as many cones 6, in which the cops are formed, as there are ends in
the carding machine, one for each end. These cones are arranged, in one or
more rows, upon a fixed table B; they are each provided with equidistant aper-
tures (three at least) each of which apertures permits of the passage of a
roller, which projects slightly into the interior of the cone, its axis of rotation
being outside. A spindle C passes through each of the cones b. This spindle
is of cylindrical form at its upper portion but is flattened at the lower portion
(Figure 3). This flat portion enters, with very slight friction, the slot q (Figure 2)
of a lower barrel r by means of which movement is imparted to it. This barrel r
rotates around a fixed tube or pivot o (Figure 1) and is provided with a pulley c
over which passes a transmission cord which also passes over a cylinder D rigidly
fixed upon the driving shaft d. Any other suitable method of driving the
spindles C may however be employed such as gear-wheels for example.
The slivers on leaving the cylinder A pass through guides f, the number of
which corresponds to the number of cones b.
These guides pass through the table B and are fixed upon a lower table E to
which is imparted a reciprocating movement inclined to the vertical and such

page_text: that the guides are displaced parallel with their respective cones.
For this pur-
pose the lower table F is provided, at each of its extremities, with an obliquely
arranged rule V (Figure 1) engaged in a corresponding slide X rigidly attached
to the upper table B, and is attached by means of a link, U a lever U¹ oscillating
upon a fixed point and a connecting rod U2, to the stud of a crank disc keyed
upon the axis of the drawing roller A. Under the influence of this guiding and
transmission arrangement there is imparted to the lower table F, the motion
above described. It will of course be understood that the inclination of the
slides XX correspond to that of the generating lines of the cones b.
The displacement in question serves to guide the slivers as near as possible
to the cones and thus avoid all tractive effort of a nature to lengthen or deform
them.
The slivers are formed into cops upon the spindles C, within the cones b, in
the usual manner; it will, however, be noticed that, in addition to the advantage
obtained from the guides the rollers, which are rotated by the cops themselves,
reduce to a minimum the friction of these latter within the cones 6 and facilitate
their progressive rise. It follows from this that it is possible to form into cops
slivers consisting of weak or short material.
Finally, with the object of avoiding any strain in the rotation of the rollers
by the cops in process of formation these rollers are made conical and not cylin-
drical in form, their greatest diameter being situated at their upper portion, in
such a manner that for their entire length, the surfaces in contact with the cops
may have the same velocity as this latter.
The cops thus obtained are very close owing to the use of heavy spindles, which
is rendered possible on account of the reduction of friction in the cones b; the
cops are finished when their respective spindles escape from the slit in the
barrels r. They are then withdrawn one by one from the cones b, removed from
their spindles (which are then replaced in the cones 6) and placed in the spinning
machine.
This machine (Figure 4) comprises a certain number of rotating spindles G
arranged upon the two longitudinal faces of the machine, and mounted and
driven in the customary manner. The driving may be effected by means of a
pulley over which passes a cord coming from a cylinder H rigidly fixed upon
a driving shaft h which receives its movement, by means of an endless cord from
the main shaft T upon which are mounted fast and loose pulleys N.
Each of the said spindles G is surmounted by a kind of cylindrical box I which
is rigidly attached to the same and at the top of which is arranged a lid I¹ by
a bayonet joint y or any other suitable means of attachment. Within the boxes I
are placed the cops coming from the cop forming machine and the sliver at the
centre of the summit of the cop passes or is engaged in a tube arranged at
the centre of the lid I the shape of which is somewhat convex. If the sliver
should break during the spinning operation which is hereinafter referred to, the
said sliver is secured by. means of a hook which is inserted in the longitudinal
slits formed the entire height of the box.
The tube of the lid I is continued by an iron wire bent into zig-zag shape
through which the sliver passes before reaching the set of rollers J arranged
above it at a suitable distance and which serve to feed the slivers. This set of
rollers comprises two lower rollers j and arranged at the same level and an
upper roller consisting of lengths of rollers each pressing upon two threads
(Figure 5) in the same manner as the pressing cylinders of self-acting spinning
machines. The sectional roller rests upon the rollers and ¹ and is driven
by these rollers which are themselves actuated by means of a train of gear
wheels t¹t t3 t4 t5 and to which starts from the main shaft T. Finally the
machine is surmounted by a bobbin winding apparatus K or by a cop-winder L,
or by a reeling apparatus M, according to the nature of the thread to be produced
(warp or weft) or according to the form in which it is desired to obtain the thread
(bobbin, cop, or hank) or again by the whole of these appliances if it is desired

page_text: to obtain all these different kinds of thread. These various devices are driven,
as indicated in Figure 4, by means of an endless cord passing over corresponding
pulleys mounted upon the intermediate shaft S.
It is between the extremity of the iron wire 2 and the presser roller that
the torsion of the slivers takes place. This torsion is obtained by the rotation
of the spindles G; it commences at the right hand of the roller j and terminates
at the extremity of the iron wires which form a sufficient baffle in order that the
said torsion may not extend to the cop, the first rows of which it would entangle.
Each of the spindles G is provided with a pedal brake P. (Figure 4) by means
of which any one of them may be isolated without interrupting the operation
of the others, and this facilitates the re-attachment of the threads in case of
rupture without interruption to the operation of the machine.
It will be noticed that the degree of torsion will depend upon the pre-deter-
mined ratio between the velocity of the feed produced by the presser roller J and
the rotation of the spindles G. It will also be noticed that the whole of the trans-
mission parts are preferably arranged in the usual manner at one of the extremi-
ties of the machine and that in this transmission may be interposed an inter-
mediate part by means of which the velocity ratio may be varied so as to obtain
a different torsion.
Finally, it should be understood that I do not limit myself as regards the forms
and dimensions of the constituent parts of this spinning machine, which, as above
stated comprises a row of spindles upon each face.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The process above described, the object of which is to spin the slivers as
they leave the carding machine direct, the said process consisting in winding
these slivers on their leaving the carding machine in the form of cocoons or cops
and to unwind these cocoons at the same time imparting to them a rapid movement
of rotation in such a manner as to cause a suitable torsion, as above specified.
2. For the formation into cocoons or cops of the slivers coming from the carding
machine, for the purpose of ultimately spinning them, a cocoon or cop forming
machine possessing the following characteristic features: (a) the combination
with the cone 6 of a bent guide f mounted upon a table F which ensures its dis-
placement in a direction parallel with the said cone, in such a manner that the
sliver leaves the cone whilst being guided as near to this latter as possible (b) the
combination with the cone 6 of three (or more) equidistant rollers projecting
slightly within the cone and serving to reduce to a minimum the friction of the
cocoon in the process of formation with the walls of the said cone.
3. For obtaining the torsion of the slivers formed into cocoons or cops, a
spinning machine possessing the following characteristic features: (a) the com-
bination with each of the rotary spindles G of a cylindrical box I in which is
placed a cocoon or cop (b) the special arrangement of these boxes consisting of
a body I provided with longitudinal slits for facilitating the recovery of the sliver
in case of rupture, of a cap I' fitted by means of a bayonet joint upon the said
body and surmounted by a small piece of tube in continuation of which there
is arranged an iron wire bent in zig-zag form; (c) the combination of the rotary
spindles G each provided with a box I, with a set of rollers J composed of three
rollers two of which occupy the same horizontal plane whilst the third rests upon
them; the said combination being intended to feed the slivers enclosed in the
said boxes whilst these latter are rotating and to oppose any slipping of the
threads formed; (d) the combination with the rotary spindles G each of which
is provided with a box f and a set of rollers J, of various devices, such as the
bobbin winding apparatus K, cocoon or cop winder L, and reeling apparatus M.
for the purpose of spinning the slivers formed into cocoons or cops and to form
the thread produced either into cops, cocoons or hanks.

page_text: 4. The general arrangement of the apparatus or machines for spinning slivers
coming from the carding machine, as described as a whole, and in its details, with
reference to all the figures of the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 6th day of July 1800
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.