IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CIRCULAR BLOOMS, SUCH AS ARE USED IN THE' MANUFACTURE OF TYRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Bartholomew, of Broxholme Wheatley,
near Doncaster, Civil Engineer, and John Heptinstall, of Masbrough,
near Rotherham, both in the County of York, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CIRCULAR BLOOMS, SUCH AS ARE USED IN THE'
MANUFACTURE OF TYRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 3rd October 1862, and dated the 10th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Bartholomew
and John Heptinstall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th April 1862.
We, CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Broxholme Wheatley, near Doncaster,
Civil Engineer, and JOHN HEPTINSTALL, of Masbrough, near Rotherham; both
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CIRCULAR BLOOMS, SUCH AS ARE USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF TYRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in making circular bloom's
such as are used in the manufacture of tyres, and for other purposes. In'
making a circular bloom of iron, after the iron is made and rolled into a
puddled bar it is then cut into segments or radial pieces, that is to say, the
puddled bar is divided into pieces of equal and comparatively short length by
cutting it across at an angle, the cuts being made to slope alternately in
either direction, and in such a manner that if the pieces be laid round in a
circle, their longer sides outwards, and shorter sides inwards, they will butt

page_text: accurately end to end, and make up a complete polygonal ring. The mode
in which the pile is made for the bloom from these segments or radial pieces
is as follows: A smaller bar of iron of sufficient length is coiled round a
mandril so as to produce a flat coil of sufficient width to form the top and
bottom of the intended pile; upon the bottom coil a circle of the pieces of
flat bar above mentioned is placed, and upon that circle another circle of
pieces is built so as to break joint with the pieces below, and then another
circle of such pieces of iron is placed likewise breaking joint until a sufficient
thickness is obtained. Upon the whole a top coil similar to the bottom coil
is placed, and the pile is then completed ready to be placed in the ball fur-
nace, and when it has attained sufficient heat, it is then put in a die of the
requisite form for producing the bloom of the required outside shape, when it
is struck by a steam or other hammer of the requisite power and weight to
thoroughly weld the pile into the requisite formi.. The die is formed by a
circular hoop of iron of requisite strength and depth and cross section according
to the intended form. After the bloom has been struck in the die, a punch of
wrought-iron is struck into the middle of the bloom to form the inner surface
according to the inner shape desired, and. to consolidate the iron laterally and
the whole is sufficiently hanmered for thorough consolidation.
When a steel bloom is required, cast or blistered steel is rolled into flat
bars, and cut into segments or radial pieces as above described; with respect
to the iron two coils are prepared from the same material (steel), one being
placed at the bottom, and the other at the top, and intermediately, the pieces
piled as above described when the same is struck in the die, and punched also
as above mentioned, and well hammered, which completes the bloom for a
steel tyre.
When the bloom is to be made combining iron and steel, two coils of iron,
and also flat bars of the same material are employed as described in the first
process, and together with these flat bars of steel as described in the second.
process. The flat iron and steel bars are cut into radial or segmental pieces'
of such size that when the outside of the bloom is intended to be steel, the
pieces of steel shall form the outer circle, and on the same level and thickness
the iron pieces shall form the inner circle of the pile for the first course, then
for the second course the outside shall also be formed of the steel pieces,
somewhat narrower or broader than the lower course, so as to break joint not
only with the pieces of steel of the first course, but also with the back joint of
the pieces of iron in such course, and the pieces of iron to be piled on the
second course for the inner circle are of the requisite breadth for completing.
the bloom. The third course of piling will likewise be made on the outside of

page_text: steel, and the inside of iron, the pieces being made so as to break joint with
those underneath, and so on until the proper thickness has been obtained, the
top coil is then put on. The whole of the pile thus built up. is placed in the
furnace, and when properly heated to a good. welding heat, the same is placed
on the die, and struck with the hammer as .described in the first process, and
likewise punched in a similar manner to consolidate the bloom both vertically
and laterally, and thoroughly hammered for consolidation.
In some cases we make.the top and bottom coils of steel, and build up
radial pieces of iron between the two, the pile being afterwards completed by
enclosing it in a spiral coil of steel. Thus, an. annular bloom is obtained,
having a thin coating of steel both externally and top and bottom: The whole
of these blooms when manufactured are in a fit condition to be rolled by the
method for which a Patent was granted. to ourselves, and dated 14th May,
1857, No. 1369.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Bartholomew and John Heptinstall in the Great.
Seal Patent Office on the 10th. October 1862.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
BARTHOLOMEW, of Broxholme Wheatley, near Doncaster, Civil Engineer, and
JOHN HEPTINSTALL, of Masbrough, near Rotherham, both in the County. of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of: Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Charles Bartholomew. and John Heptinstall, Her special licence
that we,. the said Charles Bartholomew and John Heptinstall, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles
Bartholomew and John Heptinstall, our executors,. .administrators, and
assigns, should. at..any. time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term. therein, expressed, should and
lawfully might.make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain. and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CIRCULAR BLOOMS, SUCH AS ARE USED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Bartholomew and John Heptin-

page_text: stall, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Bartholomew on behalf of
myself and the said John Heptinstall, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in making circular blooms
such as are used in the manufacture of tyres and for other purposes. In
making a circular bloom of iron, after the iron is made and rolled into a
puddled bar, it is then cut into segments or radial pieces, that is to say, the
puddled bar is divided into pieces of equal and comparatively short length by
cutting it across at an angle, the cuts being made to slope alternately in either
direction, and in such a manner that if the pieces be laid round in a circle,
their longer sides outwards, and shorter sides inwards, they will butt accu-
rately end to end, and make up a complete polygonal ring. The mode in
which the pile is made for the bloom from these segments or radial pieces is
as follows: A smaller bar of iron of sufficient length is coiled round a
mandril so as to produce a flat coil of sufficient width to form the top and
bottom of the intended pile. Upon the bottom coil a circle of the pieces of
flat bar above mentioned is placed and upon that circle another circle of
pieces is built, so as to break joint with the pieces below, and then another
circle of such pieces of iron is placed likewise breaking joint until a sufficient
thickness is obtained; upon the whole a top coil similar to the bottom coil
is placed, and the pile is then completed ready to be placed in the ball furnace,
and when it has attained sufficient heat, it is then put in a die of the requisite
form for producing the bloom of the required outside shape, when it is struck by
a steam or other hammer of the requisite power and weight to thoroughly weld
the pile into the requisite form. The die is formed by a circular hoop of iron of
requisite strength and depth and cross section according to the intended form.
After the bloom has been struck in the die, a punch of wrought iron is struck
into the middle of the bloom to form the inner surface according to the inner
shape desired, and to consolidate the iron laterally, and the whole is sufficiently
hammered for thorough consolidation.
When a steel bloom is required, cast or blistered steel is rolled into flat

page_text: bars, and cut into segments or radial pieces as above described with respect
to the iron, two coils are prepared from the same material (steel), one being
placed at the bottom, and the other at the top, and intermediately the pieces
piled as above described when the same is struck in the die, and punched
also as above mentioned, and well hammered, which completes the bloom.
for a steel tyre.
When the bloom is to be made combining iron and steel, two coils of iron.
and also flat bars of the same material are employed as described in the first
process, and together with these flat bars of steel as described in the second.
process. The flat iron and steel bars are cut into radial or segmental pieces
of such size that when the outside of the bloom is intended to be steel, the
pieces of steel shall form the outer circle, and on the same level and thickness
the iron pieces shall form the inner circle of the pile for the first course, then
for the second course the outside shall also be formed of the steel pieces some-
what narrower or broader than the lower course, so as to break joint not
only with the pieces of steel of the first course, but also with the back joint of
the pieces of iron in such course, and the pieces of iron to be piled on the
second course for the inner circle are of the requisite breadth for completing
the bloom. The third course of piling will likewise be made on the outside
of steel, and the inside of iron, the pieces being made so as to break joint with
those underneath, and so on until the proper thickness has been obtained, the
top coil is then put on. The whole of the pile thus built up is placed in the
furnace, and when properly heated to a good welding heat the same is placed
on the die and struck with the hammer as described in the first process, and
likewise punched in a similar manner to consolidate the bloom both vertically
and laterally, and thoroughly hammered for consolidation.
In some cases we make the top and bottom coils of steel, and build up
radial pieces of iron between the two, the pile being afterwards completed by
enclosing it in a spiral coil of steel. Thus, an annular bloom is obtained,
having a thin coating of steel both externally and top and bottom. The
whole of these blooms when manufactured are in a fit condition to be rolled by
the method for which a Patent was granted to ourselves, and dated 14th May,
1857, No. 1869.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a flat bar of iron or steel cut into sections; Figure 2 shews
ewan of a with of contious butting on of to form radial butt welds
In this

page_text: Figure the pile is shewn of two rings of sections in each layer; Figure 3 shews
a flat coil of iron or steel such as is used at the top and bottom of a pile.
Figure 4 shews a vertical section of a die having a pile therein, consisting
of two rings of sections in each layer, also of a hammer with the punch applied
thereto. A is the die; B, the pile; C, the hammer; and D, the punch.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood. that what we claim is the
mode herein described of constructing circular blooms by combining circular
flat coils with sections as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Bartholomew, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW. (L.S.)