Year: 1895

page_text: I, ALBERT THOMPSON, of 10 Hope Street, Higher Broughton, Manchester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to motors, and have for object the utilization of the
forces due to expansion and contraction of liquids or vapours, and the like, within
closed cylinders exhausted of air to a comparative vacuum.
To accomplish this and to effect my improvements, I construct one or more
cylinders (by preference at least two) closed at both ends. These cylinders I mount
in bearings upon a suitable framing, by means of trunions or otherwise, in such
manner that one cylinder is placed at a right or other convenient angle to the other,
and balanced so that both are capable of rotation on the transverse axis thus formed.
Within each of these cylinders is fitted a piston, of suitable weight, and free to slide
from one end to the other thereof. The air is exhausted from these cylinders to a
comparative vacuum, and a portion of readily vaporizable liquid, such as ether or
other quickly expansible liquid or vapour is inserted within such cylinders on one
or both sides of the pistons as may be required. At or near one point in the
circular path of the ends of these cylinders is placed a source of heat of any
suitable kind, and at the opposite or other convenient point or points is one or
more condensers, refrigerators, or other cooling apparatus.
The operation is as follows:- -When the motor is ready to start, one of the
heavy pistons is at the lower end of its cylinder, and cool or contracted liquid
or vapour is beneath such piston. On this end coming in contact with heat the
liquid or vapour is expanded, and the internal piston is lifted to the top or
upper part of the cylinder, and when the same has passed the dead centre the
action of gravity operates to turn the system on its axis, and thus brings the
piston of the next cylinder into like operation. On the heated ends in turn
arriving at the cooling apparatus, the partial vacuums are again established by the
contraction or condensation of the liquid or vapour, and thus the operation may be
indefinitely repeated. Or the condensers, refrigerators, or other cooling apparatus
may be attached to and travel with the cylinders.
The power may be either taken off this rotating system direct from its axis, or
the apparatus may be arranged in combined systems, or in reciprocatory movement ;
and other variations may be made both in the form of. the apparatus, and in the
liquid or vapour employed, without departing from the peculiar character of the
invention.
Dated this 21st day of March 1895
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64 Barton Arcade, Manchester, Agent.

page_text: 1, ALBERT THOMPSON, of 10 Hope Street, Higher Broughton, Manchester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The improvements relate to motors and have for object the utilization of the
forces due to expansion and contraction of liquids or vapours, and the like, within
closed cylinders exhausted of air to a comparative vacuum.
To accomplish this, and to effect my improvements, I construct one or more
cylinders (by preference at least two) closed at both ends.
These cylinders I mount in bearings upon a suitable framing, by means of
trunnions or otherwise, in such manner that one cylinder is placed at a right or
other convenient angle to the other, and balanced so that both are capable of
rotation on the transverse axis thus formed. Within each of these cylinders is
fitted a piston, of suitable weight, and free to slide from one end to the other
thereof.
The air is exhausted from these cylinders to a comparative vacuum, and a
portion of readily vaporizable liquid, such as ether, alcohol, or other quickly
expansible liquid or vapour is inserted within such cylinders on one or both
sides of the pistons, as may be required. At or near one point in the circular
path of the ends of these cylinders is placed a source of heat of any suitable
kind, and at the opposite or other convenient point or points is one or more
condensers, refrigerators, or other cooling apparatus.
The operation is as follows:- -When the motor is ready to start, one of the heavy
pistons is at the lower end of its cylinder, and cool or contracted liquid or vapour is
b.neath such piston.
On this end coming in contact with heat, the liquid or vapour is expanded, and
the internal piston is lifted to the top or upper part of the cylinder, and when the
same has passed the dead centre, the action of gravity operates to turn the system
on its axis, and thus brings the piston of the next cylinder into like operation.
On the heated ends in turn arriving at the cooling apparatus, the partial vacuums
are again established by the contraction or condensation of the liquid or vapour,
and thus the operation may be indefinitely repcated. Or the condensers, refrige-
rators or other cooling apparatus may be attached to and travel with the cylinders.
The power may be either taken off this rotating system direct from its axis, or the
apparatus may be arranged in combined systems, or in reciprocatory movement.
But that the improvements may be better understood, I will, with the aid of the
accompanying drawings proceed more fully to describe means employed by me.
Fig. 1 shows a cross section in the plane of motion of a motor with one cylinder,
to illustrate the method of, and arranged according to my improvements; and
Fig. 2 shows a view, partly in section and partly in elevation, taken at right
angles to Fig. 1.
The same letters indicate corresponding parts wherever they occur.
a is the main framing of the apparatus, and b is the cylinder, mounted, by
means of trunnions 6', on bearings and carrying the pistou d, which piston is
capable of being moved to and fro within such cylinder by the alternate expansion
and contraction or condensation of the liquid or vapour, such liquid or vapour being
admitted by any convenient openings e supplied with the requisite stop cocks as will
be readily understood.

page_text: f is a "jacket" or compartment, supported by the main framing a, which jacket.
or compartment has supplied to it, through the inlet f, and outlet not shown, or by
other means, cold water, or other suitable cooling liquid, (or other refrigerating
substance or substances may be employed), and with which each end of the cylinder
in turn is brought in close proximity during a convenient part of each rotation, thus
acting as a refrigerator or cooling apparatus, though, if desired, other forms of
condenser or cooler may be employed.
Within the space g at any convenient point, but by preference at the greatest
distance from the refrigerator, is provided a source of heat, of any suitable kind,
gaseous or otherwise, and thus, while the volatile liquid in one end of the cylinder
is being vaporized by heat, the vapour at the opposing end is undergoing the process.
of condensation.
The spaces may be filled with packing or insulating material, to prevent the
heat from radiating to the cooling portions of the cylinder.
It will readily be seen that another cylinder may be arranged at right angles on
the same shaft, or that more than two may be arranged in combination.
Variations may be made both in the form of the apparatus, and in the liquid
or vapour employed, without departing from the peculiar character of the
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what.
I claim is:
•
A motor consisting of a mounted revolving closed cylinder or cylinders actuated
by the alternate expansion and condensation of a rarified volatile liquid, or a vapour
within such cylinder or cylinders which expanding and contracting vapour moves
the piston or pistons and thus displaces the centre or centres of gravity of the
cylinder or cylinders, combined with apparatus for alternate heating and condensing
of the liquid or vapour within such cylinder or cylinders, for the purpose and in
maurer substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 20th day of December 1895
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64 Barton Arcade, Manchester, Agent.