Improvements in Machinery for Making and Pressing Clay and other Materials into Bricks, Tiles, and other Forms or Shapes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 14th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making and Pressing Clay and
other Materials into Bricks, Tiles, and other Forms or Shapes.
I CORNELIUS WALTON of 12 Craven Street, Charing Cross, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention refers to that class of machine where the materials to be moulded
and pressed, are fed to the moulds from a receiver above the same.
The materials thus supplied may be utilized for the manufacture of bricks, tiles,
blocks, lumps, mosaic tiles, or other articles, as well as for forming other substances,
such as granular sugar, pulverized coal, or other materials into cubes, tablets,
briquettes, and the like.
When clay is the material to be fed into the machine, the receiver assumes the
form of a pugmill containing knives fixed in or upon a vertical shaft, which knives
prepare and render the clay suitable for introduction to, and fill the mould or
moulds, for the purpose of being made into any desired shape or form; and the
special object of the invention is to produce a machine which is simple in construc-
tion, not liable to break down, and capable of doing a large quantity of good work,
features which are of great importance, especially where skilled labour is not easily
obtained.
At the lower end of the receiver or pugmill, I provide an outlet or outlets,
through which the clay or other material or materials, is delivered into exchange-
able dies or moulds, of the number, shape, size or form required, the contents
thereof being pressed, discharged, and delivered all as hereafter described.
During the operation of filling the mould or moulds, at, or about, the same
time lower into position for pressing, and press, the contents of another mould,
or of a series of moulds, previously filled in the same manner, the pressure being
applied from above and below simultaneously, by a suitable combination of cams,
crossbars, and crossheads, which relieve the framework of the machine from all
excessive strains.
After pressure has been applied, the pressed contents of the mould or moulds,
are raised to the level of the top of the mould or moulds, which may form a portion
of the traversing or sliding table, the uplifted moulded and pressed articles, being
automatically removed toward one end of the traversing or sliding table, which
there acts as a delivery table.
To produce the pressure I employ cams or equivalent means, and to prevent
breakage of parts of the machinery or apparatus, through the resistance of hard
substances in the clay or other materials, or overfilling of the dies or moulds,
1 employ springs or equivalent means, which yield to any excessive resistance or
overfilling.
During the removal of the pressed contents from the moulds to the delivery
table, another mould, or moulds, is simultaneously carried from 'the position in
which it was filled from the receiver, to the position where the contents are
subjected to pressure, after which the same operation of emptying the mould or
moulds, and the removal of the pressed contents of the same to the delivery table
is performed.
The motion of the traversing table and moulds is produced by means of a crank
and connecting rod which receive motion through a pair of intermittent bevel
wheels of suitable design, to cause the table to move from its filling position, to its
pressing position, at each alternate quarter revolution of the cam shaft.
The cam shaft has a worm wheel fixed on its centre portion, which is driven by
a worm keyed on a horizontal shaft, working at right angles to the cam shaft. The

page_text: cam shaft thus driven imparts motion through the cams, to the top and bottom
crossheads for compressing the materials in the moulds, and to the table through
the intermittent bevel wheels, the worm shaft, also carries a bevel pinion which
drives through a bevel wheel, a vertical shaft, which shaft imparts motion to the
pugmill shaft through a pair of spur wheels.
The machine is arranged so as to simultaneously make pressed bricks, tiles,
blocks, lumps, or other articles or to make unpressed bricks, tiles, blocks, lumps,
or other articles as may be desired.
The lifting or bottom pressing ram or plunger, is formed so as to enable the
articles such as bricks, tiles, blocks, lumps, mosaic tiles, or other articles having
one or more cavities, hollows, or vertical holes, to be made, pressed, discharged,
and placed on the delivery table, while they or any of them remain flat and resting
ou the whole of their under or bearing surfaces, and without being tilted partly on
one side or edge, or placed at an angle so as not to destroy the edges of the bricks
or other articles so delivered.
Dated this Nineteenth day of June 1890.
CORNELIUS WALTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making and Pressing Clay and
other Materials into Bricks, Tiles, and other Forms or Shapes.
1 CORNELIUS WALTON of 12 Craven Street, Charing Cross, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention refers to that class of machine where the materials to be moulded
and pressed are fed to the moulds from a receiver above the same.
The materials thus supplied may be utilised for the manufacture of bricks, tiles,
blocks, lumps, mosaic tiles, or other articles, as well as for forming other substances,
such as granular sugar, pulverized coal, or other materials, into cubes, tablets,
briquettes, and the like.
When clay is the material to be fed into the machine, the receiver assumes the
form of a pugmill containing knives fixed in, or upon, a vertical shaft, which knives
prepare and render the clay suitable for introduction to, and fill the mould or
moulds, for the purpose of being made into any desired shape or form, and the
special object of the invention, is to produce a machine which is simple in construc-
tion, not liable to break down, and capable of doing a large quantity of good work,
features which are of great importance, especially where skilled labour is not easily
obtained.
At the lower end of the receiver or pugmill I provide an outlet or outlets,
through which the clay or other material or materials is delivered into exchange-
able dies or moulds of the number, shape, size or form required, the contents thereof
being pressed, discharged, and delivered all as hereafter described.
During the operation of filling the mould or moulds, I at, or about, the same
time, lower into position for pressing and press, the contents of another mould, or
of a series of moulds, previously filled in the same manner, the pressure being
applied from above and below simultaneously by a suitable combination of cams,
crossbars, and crossheads, which relieve, the framework of the machine from all
excessive strains.
After pressure has been applied, the pressed contents of the mould or moulds,
are raised to the level of the top of the mould or moulds, which may form a portion
of the traversing or sliding table, the uplifted moulded and pressed articles, being
automatically removed toward one end of the traversing or sliding table, which
there acts as a delivery table.
To produce the pressure I employ eams or equivalent means, and to prevent

page_text: connected by means of the bolts J, Figure 4, and these tables I. I work in the
guides K Figure 5, on the machine frames, being moved laterally backward and
forward by the crank L, and connecting rod L', Figure 1, the crank L is fixed on
the vertical shaft M and is driven by the intermittent bevel wheels N' N².
The intermittent bevel wheels N and N, are of ordinary construction and are
so arranged that wheel N' in making the first quarter of a revolution, causes
wheel N to move one half of a revolution, thereby moving the traversing table I
Figure 4, and the moulds H. H, from a position under the pugmill A, to a position
in which on the descent of the crosshead or plunger O, it will enter into the
moulds H. H., simultaneously bringing the opposite table 1. and opposite
moulds H. H. under the pugmill A. where they remain whilst the bevel wheel N
makes its second quarter of a revolution, this portion of wheel N is without teeth,
therefore wheel N2 and crank L. remain stationary until the wheel N begins its
third quarter of a revolution; this portion of the wheel N is provided with teeth,
it therefore again moves the wheel N2 and crank L another half revolution, at the
same time moving tables I. 11 and moulds H. H. back to their original positions
where the remain whilst wheel N¹ makes its fourth quarter of a revolution, as this
portion of wheel N is constructed in the same manner as its second portion, the
tables I. and moulds H. H. again remain stationary; this series of movements
recurring during the continuous working of the machine.
When either pair of moulds H. H. are thus moved into the extreme position
to the right or left respectively their contents are subjected to a top pressure by a
descending crosshead or plunger O, which is mounted on the rods P passing through
suitable guides in the side frames, Q, of the machine, and attached to the bottom
crossheads R, Figures 1 and 5, which are actuated by the cams S. S' on the cam
shaft T, Figure 3.
The cam shaft T may be made in one or more parts and is placed longitudinally
with the machine, Figure 3, and receives motion through the worm wheel U¹,
which is driven by the worm U2 fixed on the horizontal shaft V, Figures 3
and 5.
The contents of the moulds H. H. are simultaneously exposed to pressure from
below by the bottom ram W, when supported by the crossbar W. The cross-
bar Wand, with it, the bottom ram W are lifted the necessary distance to give
the required pressure through the antifriction roller W2 which comes in contact
with the cam X on the cam shaft T, Figure 9.
The subsequent upward motion of the bottom ram W during the receding of
the crosshead O, delivers the formed brick, or article, on to the top of the table I,
when the bottom ram W has been lifted by the crossbar W₁ and the cam X until
its upper surface is level with the top of the traversing or sliding table I, it is
supported by the cam X and crossbar W₁ until after the return motion of the
table has commenced, when the ram descends and is received on the brackets Y,
Figure 5, on which the antifriction rollers W³ traverse at the required depth
for the moulds to receive the proper quantity of clay or other material or
materials.
To prevent breakage from a hard substance or substances, or from the moulds
being overfilled, I employ the springs Z on the top, or inside, as may be most
convenient, of the crosshead O.
The bottom rams are made hollow and when requisite are fitted with internal-
rams W, Figure 6, working freely therein and through which internal rams the
bars are placed; the bars also pass through the external rams W, and the
tables 1. 1 When the clay or other material or materials in the dies or
moulds H. H. is brought under the crosshead O to be pressed, the cam X actuating
through the roller W, forces upward the crossbar W, and the bottom ram W-
at the same time the canis SI bring down the top crosshead or plunger O, thus
exerting the requisite double pressure simultaneously on the material under treat-
ment; when the crosshead O recedes, the pressure is relieved and the continued
motion of the cam X and crossbar W raises the external ram W until it comes

page_text: in contact with the bottom of the internal ram W, the further action of the
cam X and crossbar W' raises bóth the external ram W and the internal ram W*,
so that their top surfaces become level with the top surface of the traversing
or sliding table I, Figure 8, where they are supported by the cam X and
crossbar W until after the traversing table I. and moulds H.. H. commence to
recede towards the pugmill A, both the external and internal rams then descend
until the antifriction rollers. W³ in the external ram W rest on the brackets Y, and
the internal ram W, rest on the bars at the required depth to receive the proper
quantity of clay or other materials from the pugmill A.
The operation of the machine is as follows:
The material is delivered down through the apertures G. G. into the moulds H. H.,
the bottom rams W. W occupying the position shown at 1 Figure 6, which
moulds together with the traversing or sliding tables I. I are moved laterally
by the crank L Figure 1. When either pair of the moulds H. H. has traversed
so far to the right or left, as to be under one of the crossheads 0, the cross-
head is depressed by the rods P and cams S¹, at, or about, the same time the
corresponding bottom ram W is lowered, (as the upper crosshead or plunger O
descends,) from the position shown at 1, Figure 6, (which is the position at
which it arrives under the crosshead O,) and then before the descent of the
upper crosshead or plunger O is completed, the ram W is again raised by the
cam X and crossbar W₁, assuming the position shown by Figure 7, so that the clay
or other material or materials in the moulds H. H. is simultaneously compressed
from above and below; the pressed clay or other materials is then forced
out of the moulds H. H. in the traversing or sliding table I. by the
rising of the bottom ram W. during the receding of the crosshead O, which
bottom ram would then for example assume the position shown by Figure 8, at
or about this instant the sliding tables I. 11 are moved back laterally towards
the pugmill A, whereby the pressed article comes in contact with the pushing-
off piece C, Figures 1 and 2, and remains there until the traversing or sliding
tables 1. return to their first position; on the return traverse of the tables
from the pugmill, the previously pressed article will be carried along with, and
on, the traversing or sliding table to a position convenient for removal from the
machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would remark
that the details shown in the drawings may be modified without departing from
the distinctive features of my improvements and I declare that what I claim in
machines for moulding and pressing clay or other materials into bricks, tiles, and
other articles is :-
First: The combination and arrangement of parts forming the machine for
pugging, moulding, pressing, and delivering the bricks or other articles, constructed,
arranged, and operating substantially as described.
•
Second-The arrangement of cams, rods, and crossheads to give a top and
bottom pressure simultaneously to the clay or other material or materials in the
moulds, and also to relieve the framing of the machine from all excessive strains,
all substantially as set forth.
Third The arrangement and application. of the bevel wheels for giving the
necessary intermittent lateral motion to the traversing or sliding tables, whereby
a crank of a radius of half the stroke of the tables, can be used, thus obtaining
the great advantages of more compact mechanism, and of moving the tables slowly
at the commencement of their motion thereby preventing damage to the finished
bricks, or articles when being delivered, all substantially as set forth.
Fourth-The arrangement and application of the bars b, used for supporting
the internal rams W at their respective positions in the moulds when under the
pugmill for the reception of the material to be moulded, and when under the

page_text: crosshead to receive the pressure to be imparted to the material, all substantially
as set forth.
Fifth The application of the crossbar W₁ to give a more direct vertical lift to
the bottom ram W and to reduce the size of the lifting cam X, all substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 14th day of April 1891
CORNELIUS WALTON.