A BLOWING MACHINE, ON A NEW CONSTRUCTION, FOR THE FUSING AND HEATING OF METALS, SMELTING OF ORES, AND SUPPLYING BLAST FOR VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES,
Year: 1820

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
VAUGHAN, late of Sheffield, in the County of York, but now of Chesterfield, in
the County of Derby, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said George Vaughan, did, by my Petition, humbly
represent to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
that I had, after much study and expense, invented "A BLOWING MACHINE, ON
A NEW CONSTRUCTION, FOR THE FUSING AND HEATING OF METALS, SMELTING OF ORES,
AND SUPPLYING BLAST FOR VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES," which would be of great
public utility; that in regard that I was the first and true inventor thereof, and
that the same had never been practised by any other person or persons whom-
soever, to the best of my knowledge and belief, I humbly prayed His said
Majesty to grant unto me, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His Royal Letters
Patent, under His Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, for the sole use, benefit, and advantage of my said Invention, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of four-
teen years, pursuant to the Statute in that case made and provided; His
said Majesty, being willing to give encouragement to all arts and inventions
that might be for the public good, was graciously pleased to condescend to
my request; and therefore, by His Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of December, in the first year of His reign,
of His especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, did give and grant
unto me, the said George Vaughan, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His

page_text: especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
George Vaughan, my exors, admors, or assigns, and every of us, by myself
or themselves, or by mine and our deputy or 'deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said George Vaughan, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention, within that
said part of His Majesty's said United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
in such manner as to me, the said George Vaughan, my exors, admors, and
assigns, or any of us, should in our discretion seem meet; and that I, the
said George Vaughan, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should and lawfully
might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage,
from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising, by reason of the
said Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned, to have,
hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages
therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me, the said George
Vaughan, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, for and during and unto the full
end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Presents next and
immediately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according to the
Statute in such case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that if the said George Vaughan should not particularly
describe and ascertain. the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His said. Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liber-
ties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly ceasc, deter-
mine, and become void, anything therein contained to the contrary thereof in
anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the said Letters Patent, relation being
thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Vanghan; in .compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention by the Plans and Drawings thereof in the margin of these Presents,
and in manner following (that is to say):-
The machine may be composed of plates of cast or wrought iron or other
metal, or of wood, of a thickness proportioned to the size of the machine,
and the quantity of blast intended to be produced.
No. 1 represents a plate, two of which form the bottom of the machine:

page_text: No. 2, the middle plate, which, placed perpendicularly, divides the machine
into two equal parts. No. 3, a plate, two of which form the ends of the
machine. No. 4, a plate, four of which form the two sides of the machine;
in each of which plates there is an oblong aperture f: for the admission of air,
to which are attached wooden valves, covered with leather, and suspended' by a
leather hinge fastened with screw bolts c, c, to the top of such aperture, in the
inside. No. 5, a plate which covers and forms the top of the machine, with
four apertures d, d, d, d, to which are attached four wooden valves, "covered
with leather. On the centre of this plate, as shewn in the Drawings, is placed
a square box, 5 or 6 inches deep, in which the four valves in d, d, d, d, work;
and communicate with the partitions below, from which the air is forced up by
the pistons through the valves, and thus propelled into the pipe, shewn in the
perspective elevation of the machine. No. 6, a piston of wood attached to an
iron rod, which works each of the partitions, the rods passing through the
slots b, b. In No. 5, on the ends and bottom of the piston, are nailed on each
side strips of leather, of the breadth of two inches, one inch of which (pressing
against the bottom No. 1, partition No. 2, and ends No. 3,) acts as a stuffing
to prevent the air passing from one side of the piston to the other. On the top or
upper part of the piston is nailed a piece of leather, of the breadth of 6 inches,
and which is fastened to the top or cover of the machine by screw bolts passing
through the holes, as shewn in Drawing No. 5, and marked a, a, &c. These
screw bolts pass through strips of wood, one inch and a half broad, to which
the leather is fastened by the edges (the leather being fastened to the piston by
a row of nails) on each side of the piston; the leather so attached to the top
of the piston and cover of the machine prevents the air from passing over the
top of the piston when in motion.
The Drawing No. 4 represents the side plates of the machine, which are
cast with flanches on the four sides or edges; these are fastened by screw bolts
and nuts to each other, and to the bottom, top, ends, and partition of the
machine, as shewn in the perspective elevation. Each piston is suspended
from the top or cover of the machine by two loops or eyes, which receive a
spindle e, e, with round turned ends, and which passes through the piston rod,
as shewn in the Drawing No. 6. The spindle is placed at equal distances
from the bottom of the piston and the top of the rod attached to it; the
rod is screwed to the pistons by bolts and screws as marked in the Drawing
No. 6. On the top of the piston rod a pen is shewn to fasten to another
rod, which connects the piston with the cranks, and power employed to give
it motion.
The machine may be worked by various powers proportioned to its size,
viz, by a man, horse, steam engine, or any other power.

page_text: The machine, as shewn by the perspective elevation in the margin, is calcu-
lated for the power of men or a horse.
The mode of fixing the crank arms to the spindle, which work on the two
upright pedestals (shewn in the perspective elevation), are fixed transversely;
viz, when one crank arm is horizontal the other is perpendicular. The cranks
are made with slots, for the purpose of lengthening or shortening the stroke of
the piston, as shewn in the perspective elevation.
The machine, and the pedestals for supporting the spindle by which the
motion is given, are fixed on a wooden frame, fastened down by bolts and
screws, as shewn in the perspective elevation.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Vaughan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-one.