Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Breathing Air Containing Dust, Smoke, or Irrespirable Gases and Vapours, and the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application 23rd May, 1892-Accepted, 6th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Breathing Air
Containing Dust, Smoke, or Irrespirable Gases and Vapours, and
the like.
I, BERNHARD LOEB of 47, Fehrbelliner Strasse of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for purifying air
rendered foul by smoke, dust or noxious gases and vapours. My improvements
more particularly relate to the employment of a purifier, through which the air is
drawn and which holds back the impurities in said air. The apparatus is composed
essentially of a purifying device and a valve-device, the latter being inserted
between the mouth or (in certain cases the mouth and the nose) on one side, and
the purifier on the other side; and I provide separate valves for drawing the air in,
and for expelling the same.
These essential parts of the apparatus may be fastened to the head of the person
using the same either by means of a suitable helmet, or by the aid of strings or
laces made of an elastic material, such as india rubber; in both cases I may
combine with the parts already cited, a device for covering and protecting
the eyes.
In special cases the purifier is secured by means of a belt passed around
the waist, and the valve device is held close against the mouth by the aid of
fastening strings; both parts communicate by means of a flexible pipe.
When the impure air does not contain the proportion of oxygen which is
necessary for breathing, I add to the apparatus a reservoir filled with compressed
air or compressed oxygen, and provided with devices for regulating the admission
of such air or oxygen, as also the proportion in which these gases are admixed to
the air after the passage of the same through the purifier.
This reservoir of compressed air or compressed oxygen is preferably fastened on
the back of the person employing the apparatus.
The aforesaid purifying device is filled with a substance acting as a filter and
retaining all the impurities suspended in the said air; this substance may be either
solid or liquid, and may be employed in one layer only or in a succession of the
same, according to special circumstances; in most cases however a combination of
these two kinds of purifiers is employed; by this means the most advantageous
results are obtained. As it is necessary to construct both the purifier and the
valve-device according to the practical demands of each individual case, and as
these two devices may be combined in a great variety of ways, my improved
apparatus permits of many forms of construction, of which I have shown a few on
the drawing.
In order to make my meaning clear, I will proceed to describe these forms of
construction by the aid of the accompanying sheets of drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of my improved apparatus,
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same parts in section.
Fig. 3 is an upper view of the inner part of the helmet used in this form of
construction,
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of the purifier and the valve device,
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the same, partly in section,
Fig. 6 is an upper view of the same.
Figs. 7 & 8 are front and side elevations respectively of a modified form of
construction partly in section.

page_text: Fig. 9 is a front elevation of a device for protecting the eyes, used in combination
with the apparatus illustrated by Figs. 7&8
Figs. 10 & 11 are an upper and side. views respectively of a device for closing
the nose.
Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional elevation of a modification of the device.
Fig. 13 is a similar view. of another modified form of construction.
Fig. 14 is a view of a modification similar in some respects to Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is an upper view of a further modification,
Fig. 15 is a sectional view of the same taken on the line x-x of Fig. 14^.¨
Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the same.
Figs. 17 & 18.are two sectional, elevations of another form of construction.
Figs. 19 & 20 are a sectional and a side elevation respectively of another
modification, and Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional plan of the same taken on line y—y of
Fig. 19.
Figs. 22 & 23 are a side elevation and a front elevation respectively of a further
modification.
Figs. 24 & 25 are a front elevation and a side elevation respectively of another
form of construction, and Fig. 26 shows a slight modification of said construction.
Figs. 27 & 28 are a front elevation and a side elevation respectively of another
modification.
Fig. 29 is a front elevation partly in section of a still further modification.
Fig. 30 is a side elevation of the same, and
Fig. 31 a plan view of the same.
Similar letters refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views:
The form of construction illustrated by Figs. 1-6 is especially intended for
firemen or for naval use; it is composed of a purifier filled partially with a solid
substance and partially with liquid, and is secured to the head of the fireman or
sailor by means of a helmet. This helmet comprises a main part a (Fig. 2), inside
of which there are arranged two elastic bands a¹ (Fig. 3) which are secured by
rivets at a² near the edge of the helmet, and cross each other in the interior of the
⚫ same. At the closing crossing point a conical perforated cap a is fixed to the
bands a¹ by means of a bolt or rivet a³; this cap in consequence of its conical shape
easily adapts itself to heads of different size and shape, and thus ensures a good
hold of the helmet on the head. To the front part of the helmet there is secured a
sheet-metal plate a³ (Figs. 1 & 2), which extends vertically downwards for a short
distance in front of the face. To the sides and to the bottom of this sheet metal
plate affix pieces of cloth a of some thickness or impregnated with a suitable
substance, these pieces of fabric fitting closely around the neck of the wearer and
thus preventing the entrance of smoke, dust and the like to the interior of the
apparatus or to the face.. The sheet metal plate a³ is provided, opposite the eyes,
with an opening of convenient size, which is covered by a strong pane of glass. As
it is not altogether impossible for smoke to get to the inner part of the apparatus,
notwithstanding the pieces of fabric us, and as in this case the glass pane would soon
become clouded, it is of great importance that said pane shall remain clear while
employing the apparatus. For this purpose I have provided behind the glass a
slide composed of two horizontal pieces of wire and a band of felt secured to the
same, said slide being provided exteriorly with a knob or equivalent a³ for moving
the same to and fro along the glass pane and thus cleaning the latter.
On the outer side of the sheet-metal plate as there are arranged the valve-device
and the purifying apparatus (see Figs: 4-6), these two appliances being combined
with each other within a common casing in this form of construction: The purifying
apparatus is filled partially with a solid substance and partially with liquid, as
already mentioned. These substances are inclosed in the reservoirs 6 the latter
being placed between the two former ones and arranged parallel to the same or at
any angle in relation to same. The two reservoirs bare terminated at the bottom,
that is to say towards the exterior, by sieves 14 and on the latter I place the solid
absorbent substance in the following order. The three inferior layers 67 are

page_text: constituted by cotton wool or suitable wadding, the medium layer being impregnated
with glycerine; on these I place a somewhat thick layer of small pieces of carbon,
and then again a triple layer of wadding, the middle one being also impregnated
with glycerine. The whole is terminated by sieve-plates 66. The tops of the
reservoirs bb.are of a diameter diminishing conically from this point, and these
reservoirs communicate at top with tubes 8 extending obliquely upwards and
connected with each other at their upper extremities by means of a horizontal
tube. In the middle of the latter there is arranged a short tube 69, which, like the
horizontal tube. itself, is already within the valve-box c, without however being in
direct communication with the same. The lower end of tube 69 reaches into the
upper extremity of a tube 610, said extremity being enlarged in the shape of a
funnel. The lower mouth of tube 610 is placed below the level of the liquid
contained in the reservoir b¹. This liquid may be poured into the apparatus
through the tube 615, and drawn off by removing the screw 6. Various sorts of
Liquids may be employed, and even pure water may be used for this purpose.
It is evident that the connection between the reservoirs band also between them-
selves and the reservoir 6', may be effected in many other ways than that which I
have just described, and the form of construction represented on the drawing is only
an example.
A short distance above the level of the liquid a conical shaped piece 6" is secured
to the tube 60, and the air passing from said tube into the liquid rises out from the
same underneath the cone ".
The funnel-shaped enlargement of tube 610 is
surrounded by an exterior funnel 12, through which the air, after having been
purified in the reservoirs band washed in the reservoir b', is conducted into the
valve-box c.
This box is provided with an inclined plate c² (see Fig. 5), on which are arranged
the inhalation-valves e³. The latter act as check-valves, that is to say, when air is
inhaled through the tube f (Fig. 2), one extremity whereof connects with the box c,
the other being held in the mouth, the valves c³ open by themselves and allow the
respirable air to enter the tube f. When however air is exhaled, the valves e³ are
closed by the compression of air taking place in box c, whilst special exhalation
valves are opened. In the form of construction which I am describing now, these
exhalation-valves are placed in a valve-box e located laterally on box c (Fig. 4),
and these exhalation-valves are constituted by check-valves c, of which I may
arrange several one behind the other if convenient. The box is terminated by a
conical funnel c open at its end, whereby a certain compression of air is occasioned
during the expiration and a draught is created which energetically expels any
smoke, which might have penetrated into said box. In this manner the valve c is
constantly kept clean.
The funnel-shaped enlargement of tube 610 and the arrangement of funnel 6¹² have
been intentionally adopted in the described manner. The said arrangement com-
pletely prevents the flow of the liquid from the reservoir into the valve-box c
through the tubes and into the reservoir 6 through the tubes 69 68, in case the
apparatus being shaken by rapid movements of the wearer, which are inevitable
when employing the apparatus for rescue work and the like. This overflowing of
the liquid must be prevented, as the pieces of carbon 6 would be moistened by the
liquid and thus loose their power of absorption. The same thing would of course
happen, if the apparatus came to be overturned. In each of these cases the cone,¹¹
directs the flow of the liquid in such manner that the same enters the annular
provided in the upper part of the reservoir 6, (below the valve-box c) where it is
kept back until the apparatus regains its normal position. In order to be enabled
to ascertain the height of the liquid inside the reservoir 6', I provide a suitable
gauge on the outside of said reservoir (see Fig. 5).
space
When employing the above described form of construction it is preferable to
close the nose completely, and to this end I employ the device represented on
Figs. 10 & 11. This device consists first of two stoppers g³ of conical shape and
made of suitable material, which are secured to small metal plates g*. The latter
.

page_text: may be slid in a plate o' provided with corresponding lateral guides, so that the
distance between the stoppers 73 may be altered conformably with the shape and
size of the nose of the person employing the apparatus. On the two shorter sides
the plate 9 is furnished with eyes r, to which there are secured elastic strings.
The form of construction illustrated by Figs. 7-9, the purifying apparatus of
which is identical with that represented on Fig. 4 (and therefore needs no further
explanation) is combined with a device for protecting the eyes. The valves c³
placed on the plate c² are moved vertically in this form of construction, and the
expired air travels from the box into the box through the exhalation-valves c³,
and thence into the tubes 8. To the latter I secure a circular frame 12 (Fig. 7)
which encircles a sheet-metal-plate provided with a central opening c" as a sight.
This opening is surrounded by a hollow ring 10 which connects with the tube c
and has at its inner edge a number of holes through which the exhaled air is blown
out radially towards the center. In this manner, that is to say, by utilizing the
exhaled air, the sight c¹¹ is constantly kept free of smoke. When employing this
arrangement, it is advantageous to use the whole amount of expired air for one eye
only, as in this case the effect of the arrangement is particularly energetic, and as
the air escaping in front of the sight effectively removes the smoke. In this case
the protecting-device of the other eye is formed by a pane of glass of the size of an
eye-glass, and a slide a of a construction similar to that which I have described
with reference to Fig. 1. The corresponding tube c8 is of course replaced by a
small solid rod, or at least closed at its end.
The above mentioned frames 12 are fixed to tubes c¹³ of the particular form
shown at Fig. 9, said tubes being opened on their oblique side and provided on their
edge with a thick and soft cushion c. When the apparatus is put on, the
cushions are pressed against the skin around the eyes and thus prevent the
arrival of the outer air to the latter; this may still be favorized by an appropriate
arrangement of elastic ribbons or strings serving to fasten the apparatus.
Whereas the above described form of construction is destined to be tied to the
head (before the face), the Figures 12 & 13 represent two forms of construction
which are secured by means of a belt el passed around the waist. The purifying
apparatus of Fig. 12 is constructed in a similar manner as described above, and I
will only mention that the filling of the cylinders b is a double one for each of
them, as will be seen by a glance at the drawing. In certain cases I may even
employ for the reservoirs b a filling which is repeated three times or more. Fig. 12
shows moreover that instead of the sieve-bottoms 4 I may employ a tube I bent at
its two ends and provided with a short tube k standing at right angles, and adapted
to receive a pipe for supplying respirable air from the exterior.
The box containing the respiration-valves is in this modification constructed
separate of the purifier, and the construction of this box may be seen at the right
of Fig. 13 and hardly needs any explanation; the tube f is provided with a widened
mouth-piece f¹ of soft material serving to prevent the arrival of smoke and the like
to the mouth.
On Fig. 13, in which the three purifying reservoirs are of similar construction, I
have furthermore shewn that may double the valve-device by arranging
inhalation-valves e³ also, on the medium reservoir. In this construction I employ
three vertical tubes 6, which at the same time constitute the sides of the valves.
I may also substitute, for the tube c and the separate valve-device, a mouth-tube f
similar to that of Fig. 8 and connected directly to the top of the purifying apparatus
shewn at Fig. 13; said purifier may in this case by again worn at the head.
Each reservoir is at its bottom provided with a reservoir 2 (taking the place of
the reservoir b', as described above), in which I place a central perforated cylinder s
acting as a sieve. The space between the same and the wall of the reservoir is
filled with moistened pieces of sponge, so that the air entering through the per-
forated bottoms, if dry and hot, is cooled and moistened in a certain measure.
Fig. 14 shows that the arrangement may also be modified so as to employ but one
reservoir b, which in this case is located below the washing apparatus. In lieu

page_text: of the lower sieve 64 I may employ a special connecting tube k to which an air-
supply pipe may be secured. 618 is a short tube at the top of the apparatus, serving
to affix the tube c¹ in the manner illustrated by Figs. 12 & 13.
In the apparatus described hereinbefore and secured to the body by means of a
It is however
belt el, the reservoirs partake of each movement of the wearer.
desirable in certain cases to keep the purifying reservoirs in a vertical position, and
for this purpose the apparatus shewn at Figs. 144, 15 & 16, may be employed con-
veniently, said apparatus being provided with a universal joint.
To the belt (Figs. 14) there is secured a fork which extends forward.
horizontally, and to the ends of which I secure two pivoting bolts having the
shape of a hoop and secured by nuts h¹. These bolts 2 extend from a plate ³,
which is movably fixed to a vertical plate h* by means of a central bolt h³ (see
Fig. 16). The plate * supports the purifying apparatus proper, which owing to
the described arrangement, may turn sideways around the bolt ³ and forward or
backward around the ends of the bolts 2; in this manner the purifying apparatus
The communication
is kept vertical whatever may be the position of the fork h.
between the purifying apparatus and the valve-box or the mouth-tube is made by
passing the tube 13, coming from the medium reservoir (which in this case is not
located between the two reservoirs bb, but in front of the same) at first at right
angles over the reservoirs ō and by causing the tube to terminate in a vertical
tube which by means of a tube communicates with a tube held by a support 3,
which is secured to the fork h. From this tube 12 another suitable tube extends to
the mouth-piece (or to the valve-box held before the mouth), so that a flexible
communication of the two main parts is attained by the aid of the tube i'.
I wish to state expressly that the universal joint may likewise be employed with
advantage when the breathing apparatus is held by means of a helmet or hat.
The form of construction represented on Figs. 17 & 18 is provided but with one
washing apparatus 6, the inner arrangement whereof needs no particular explana-
tion; I only wish to state that I may combine, with the washing apparatus b', one
or more of the above-described reservoirs b. This form of construction is remarkable
by being provided with the protecting envelope for the nose and by the omission of
an intermediate pipe; the said envelope is constituted by a hoop provided with a
cushion 2, and connected to the valve-box by means of a sort of bellows g'. Owing
to this arrangement the envelope for the nose easily adapts itself to any shape or
size of this organ, and it is evident that in this case the stoppers represented on
Figs. 10 & 11 are dispensable.
The next form of construction (Figs. 19-21) is likewise provided with a
protecting envelope for the nose, as has been just described, but the purifying
apparatus has been modified. As shown on Figs. 19 & 21, this apparatus is com-
posed of a reservoir of rectangular form, in which a zig-zag path is created by
partitions n made of sheet-metal and alternately overlapping each other as shewn
at Fig. 21; the surface of these sheet-metal plates n and the inner surface of the
reservoir are entirely covered with a woollen fabric or a similar material. In
consequence of this arrangement the air is caused to travel through a relatively
considerable space, and while passing along the woollen or other fabric, it is freed
of the particles of dust and the like which are suspended in the same.
Whereas in the last described forms of construction common exhalation-valves
are provided for the nose and the mouth, I have shewn at Figs. 22 & 23 a form of
construction having separate exhalation-valves for the nose and the mouth, and in
which the purifying apparatus has been further modified by placing the same either
underneath or directly on the envelope g for the nose; this envelope g is partially
formed with sieves 5 which are covered at the top and at bottom by perforated
covers, so that a space is left between 4 and 5, in which wad or an analogous
substance may be placed. On the inner side of the sieves there is located the
plate c², provided with the inhalation-valves es, through which air enters the
envelope g. The latter is furnished on the sides with the exhalation-valves c for
the nose and also with two small tubes 03 (Fig. 23), which are bent abruptly at

page_text: their extremities and there provided with small boxes o containing the inhalation-
valves. From the boxes o small flexible tubes o lead to the mouth-piece, which
is provided in its front part with a box c enclosing the exhalation-valve c. During
the inspiration the air enters the nose directly through the valve c³, and the mouth
through and o, whereas at the expiration the air exhaled by the nose escapes
through the upper lateral valve e, and the air exhaled through the mouth
escapes through the lower valve c³.
On Figures 24 & 25 I have represented a form of construction in which the
above mentioned free space between the sieves 6 66, which is filled with wad or the
like, is not provided on the envelope for the nose, but in a special small valve-box,
which is held by the nose by means of conical hollow stoppers g³; I may also add
elastic bands or ribbons which are tied around the head. The hollow tubes.or
stoppers are connected to the valve by means of pipes 98 in order to permit of
the adaptation of the tubes g³, which are made of hard material to noses of any
shape and size. The air is drawn in through the valves c³, which are located on
plates behind the inner sieves 6, and the air is exhaled through a valve cº, the
box whereof, c³, is closed towards the exterior by a hollow cone c' open at its
apex; the object of this cone c' is chiefly to create a draught, at the exhalation,
which will be sufficient to blow away the particles of dust.
On Fig. 26 I have shewn that one tube 96 is sufficient when employing an
envelope enclosing the nose entirely, instead of the hollow stoppers g³. In
Figs. 27 & 28 the recipients for the filling of wad which are formed by the
sieves, are placed in the front and rear wall respectively of the apparatus, and
the mouth-piece f is provided with a cushion, preventing the surrounding air from
getting directly to the mouth.
In all the forms of construction described hereinbefore I have supposed that the
air was soiled by dust, smoke, noxious gases or vapours, and the like, but still
contained oxygen enough to be respirable, or that, if there was a lack of oxygen,
pure air could be supplied from the outside by means of a pipe. Now this is
impossible under certain circumstances, for instance in rescue-work in mines and
especially collieries, and in such cases it is necessary to supply, to the air
deficient in oxygen, the necessary amount of this gas. For cases of the indicated
kind I have constructed the apparatus represented on Figs. 29-31, in which I
combine, with the purifying apparatus proper, a reservoir d', containing compressed
air or compressed oxygen, which is secured on the back by means of a leather
strap e. Below this reservoir there is located the purifier bb63, and at the top of
the latter an expansion cylinder d'; the oxygen reservoir d' is on top provided.
with a reducing-valve d and on the latter I place a pressure gauge connected
thereto, by means of a tube. From the latter there starts a bent branch-pipe d²,
which leads to the expansion cylinder d', where the air or oxygen flowing through
reducing-valve dat a pressure of about one quarter of an atmosphere above
ordinary pressure, expands until the pressure is equal to that of the atmospheric
air, and hereafter proceeds to the mixture reservoir 63 through the bottom tube d.
This reservoir is of a construction closely resembling that of the reservoir b', and
the air rising through the tube 12 of the latter and already purified, but still
deficient in oxygen, enters at first into a tube 617 placed concentrically around the
tube d, and passes hereafter through the liquid in which the mixture of air and
oxygen takes place (this liquid may be conveniently glycerine). The air, which
then contains the required proportion of oxygen and therefore is respirable, enters,
through a second tube 612, into the tube leading to the top of 3, and thence
passes through the pipe c leading to the mouth or to the valve-box.
The tube d leading to the expansion-cylinder d' may be closed from the tube
connecting and d³, by means of a cock d³. Opposite the tube d² a short branch
tube starts from the cock d³, and this tube serves to lead a feeble current of
oxygen into the tube 8 which receives the exhaled air, that is to say, when the
protecting-device for the eyes is employed, which I have represented on Figs. 7 & 8.
This current of oxygen gets mixed with the expired air and the mixture escapes

page_text: continually from the annular space e10 surrounding the sight c¹, so that the latter is
constantly kept free of smoke or dust and the like.
I wish to state expressly that I do not restrict myself to the combinations
represented on the drawings, and I reserve the right of combining in any suitable
manner the several forms of construction of the purifier, of the valve-device, and of
the protecting-devices for the eyes and for the nose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
In apparatuses serving to render breathable air vitiated by dust, smoke, noxious
or irrespirable gases and vapours: .
1. The washing reservoir (61) provided with a tube (610) for the supply of air, said
tube being enlarged at its top in the shape of a cone or a funnel, and provided
with a disc above the level of the liquid, and inclosed by one or more tubes (12),
so as to form between the latter and the wall of the reservoir (') a space hermeti-
cally closed at the top, which spice the liquid will enter when the reservoir is
strongly shaken or overturned, substantially as shown and described with reference
to Figs. 4, 7, 12, 14, 17, 29, of the accompanying drawings, and for the purpose as
described.
2. The direct combination of the washing reservoir (6¹) with the valve-box (c),
which may be placed above said reservoir, substantially as shewn and described
with reference to Figs. 4, 7, 13, 17 of the accompanying drawings and for the
purpose as described.
3. The combination of the washing-reservoir (1) with one or more reservoirs (b)
filled with dry absorbing substances, through which passes the air to be purified
before entering the washing reservoir (or reservoirs), substantially as shewn and
described with reference to Figs. 7, 12, 14, 29 of the accompanying drawings, and
for the purpose as described.
4. The inhalation-valves (c³) placed in box (c), each of them being mounted
separately on one of the tubes (6) coming from the purifying reservoirs,
substantially as shewn and described with reference to Figs. 13 & 17 of the
accompanying drawings.
5. The exhalation-valves (c) placed in box (c), said valves being covered by a
conical funnel (c), which causes à contraction of the current of exhaled air and a
strong draught at the place where said current leaves the apparatus, so as to
prevent the access of the surrounding air to the valves, and to keep the same free
of particles of dust and the like; the arrangement being also such, if desired, that
two or several valves are placed one after the other, substantially as shewn and
described with reference to Figs. 4, 11, 13, 18, of the accompanying drawings.
6. The combination of the purifying apparatus with a protecting device for the
eyes, the expired air being expelled directly in front of the sight (e), substantially
as shewn and described with reference to Figs. 7 & 8 of the accompanying
drawings.
7. The protecting eye-glasses, having the sight (c) surrounded by a hollow
ring (e), which is provided on its interior edge with perforations through which
the expired air is expelled from the sight (c), substantially as shewn and described
with reference to Figs. 7 & 8, of the accompanying drawings.
8. Expelling in front of the sight (c), conjointly with the exhaled air or in lieu
thereof. a continuous current of air or oxygen, these gases being supplied from a
special portable reservoir (d, Fig. 29), for the purpose as described.
9. Employing the compressed air or compressed oxygen contained in the
portable reservoir (d, Fig. 29) for supplying the necessary oxygen in case the
surrounding air be deficient therein, by drawing in the air purified in the reser-
voirs (or b), conjointly with the compressed air or compressed oxygen, the
mixture of both gases being effected within a liquid, for the purpose as
described.

page_text: 10. The combination of the purifying apparatus with a universal joint, by means
of which it is secured to the body so as to ensure a constant vertical position of the
apparatus, substantially as shewn and described with reference to Figs. 14 and 16
of the accompanying drawings.
11. The modified construction of the parts consisting in securing the purifying
apparatus directly to the oxygen- or air-reservoir (d) substantially as shewn and
described with reference to Figs. 29 & 1 of the accompanying drawings.
12. The combination of the purifying apparatus with a device for closing the
nose, this device being constituted either by small movable tubes or stoppers (9³ g,
Figs. 11 & 27) of hard material, which are entered directly into the nose, or by
an envelope (g g², Figs. 18, 20, 22) enclosing the nose and connected to the
purifying apparatus or to the valve-box by means of a pipe (Fig. 26), or by means
of a bellows (Fig. 18), substantially and for the purpose as described.
13. The combination of the purifying apparatus with the valve-box (c), the
reservoirs containing the dry filling covering partly or entirely one or more faces
of the valve-box (c), in which case an auxiliary valve-box may be added to the
principal one, substantially as shewn on Figs. 22, 24, 28 of the accompanying
drawings, and for the purpose as described.
14. The modified form of construction in which separate exhalation- and
inhalation-valves are provided for the mouth and for the nose, substantially as
shewn with reference to Fig. 22, of the accompanying drawings.
15. The direct combination of the valve-box with one or more cellular reser-
voirs (62) provided with alternately overlapping partitions (n), the inner surface of
said reservoir and partitions being covered with a rough woollen or other fabric,
substantially as shewn with reference to Fig. 19 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 19th day of May 1892.
BERNHARD LOEB,
By Fredk. Walker,
11, Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.