IMPROVE- MENTS IN MANUFACTURING GROATS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Kiloh, of the Mill, of Eden, in the County
of Aberdeen, North Britain, Miller, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING GROATS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Sealed the 6th August 1872, and dated the 9th February 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Kiloh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1872.
I, JAMES KILOH, of the Mill, of Eden, in the County of Aberdeen,
North Britain, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING GROATS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing of groats in an
improved manner and without drying the grain artificially, as has to be
done in the ordinary process.
The Invention consists in subjecting the grain to percussive action
between two cones having iron or steel bars on them, and the inner one

page_text: of which is made to revolve at a rapid rate. The grain is fed in between
the cones at their smaller ends and escapes at the wider ends with the
kernel (forming the "groats") completely separated from the husk.
The operation is better performed than by the millstones ordinarily used
for the purpose.
The apparatus is susceptible of modification in proportions and details,
but answers satisfactorily with an external fixed drum of sheet iron
20 inches long and tapering in diameter from 13 inches at one end to
17 inches at the other, there being sixteen inch bars of iron or steel fixed
on the inner surface, whilst the inner cone is made of the same length
and taper but as much less in diameter as to allow about 1 inch space
between the bars of the outer cone and eight similar bars fixed on it.
The inner cone is adjustable longitudinally by means of a screw so as to
vary the distance between the two sets of bars, and it is driven at the
rate of about 1400 revolutions per minute.
filed by the said James Kiloh in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th August 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
KILOн, of the Mill, of Eden, in the County of Aberdeen, North Britain,
Miller, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said James Kiloh, Her
special licence that I, the said James Kiloh, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Kiloh, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

page_text: with its axis horizontal. A horizontal shaft 3 passes through the axis
of the casing 2, being supported in bearings 4 fixed on end cross pieces of
the framing, and this shaft has fixed on it the inner cone 5 and also a pulley
6, the latter being to receive a driving belt. The outer conical case 2
may be conveniently made of sheet iron rivetted to angled rings at each
end about 20 inches long, and tapering in diameter from 17 inches at
one end to 13 inches at the other. There are sixteen bars of iron or
steel (from half to three-eighths of an inch thick) fixed by rivets or
screws on the inner surface of this conical casing 2. The inner cone 5 is
made of the same taper and nearly the same length, but as much less in
diameter as to allow about inch space between the bars of the outer
cone 2, and eight similar bars fixed on it, the inner cone 5. The inner
cone has its ends closed, and the grain finds its way down from a
hopper 7 above through an adjustable slide valve 8 into a space 9 at the
smaller end of the cones. The rotation of the inner cone 5 causes the
grain to pass between the cones towards their larger ends, and the grain
is subjected to the percussive action of the bars as it passes along until
it escapes from the larger ends of the cones into a space 10, and passes
off thence by a spout 11, with the kernel (forming the "groats") com-
pletely separated from the husk. The operation is better performed than
by the millstones ordinarily used for the purpose. The inner revolving
cone 5 is made adjustable longitudinally, so that the distance between
the fixed and rotating bars may be varied, and the revolving cone is
driven at the rate of about 1400 revolutions per minute. To admit of
the adjustment the shaft 3 is made without collars so that it can be moved
on end through the bearings 4, and it is adjusted by means of a screw 12
held in a bracket piece 13 fixed on the framing 1. The screw 12 is
tapped through a block 14 made in two halves bolted together on the
grooved or collared end of the shaft 3, the block being fitted to the shaft
so that the latter can revolve freely in it whilst it moves the shaft on
end when it is itself moved by the adjusting screw 12.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that I do not
restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but
that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
manufacturing of grain into groats by submitting it without artificial
drying to percussive action between two cones having iron or steel bars

page_text: on them, and the inner one of which is made to revolve at a rapid rate,
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Kiloh, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 5th day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
JAMES KILOH. (L.S.)