Improvements in Calculating Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 4th Jan., 1894
Improvements in Calculating Machines.
A communication from abroad by THE AMERICAN ARITHMOMETER COMPANY
(Incorporated), of 224, Chestnut Street, in the City of St. Louis, State of
Missouri, United States of America.
I; PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in calculating
machines of the kind described in the Specification No. 12,121 of 1888, and it
consists substantially in such features construction, arrangement, and combinations.
of parts as will hereinafter be more particularly described.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, in part section, showing such parts as are more
directly connected in operation, parts being omitted to prevent confusion.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation, in part section, showing some of the parts illustrated
in Fig. 1, but principally showing another series of parts that occupy a position
beyond most of those illustrated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a detached detail plan, showing the arrangement of two of the
key levers.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the top of the machine.
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of the machine taken in a plane beneath the
key levers.
Fig. 6 is a detached side elevation of one of the racks, together with its
operating lever.
Fig. 7 is an edge view of the parts shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a detached view of the devices for operating the pinion carrying
frame.
Fig. 9 is a detached view of the devices for operating the pinion carrying
frame and for reversing the motion.
Fig. 10 shows part of the devices represented in Fig. 9 in a different position.
Fig. 11 is a detached view of the devices for throwing out of operation the
automatic key resetting appliances.
Fig. 12 is a side view illustrating the means for operating the racks and pinions,
and also showing the "carrying" mechanism.
Fig. 13 is a front view of the parts shown in Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a view illustrating the connection between the main shaft and the
handle-lever shaft.
Fig. 15 is a detached view of some of the parts illustrated in Fig. 14.
Figs. 16 and 17 are sectional views illustrating the connections between the
operating handle and the shaft.
Fig. 18 is an elevation in part section of the recording mechanism.
Fig. 19 illustrates the same parts in a different position.
Fig. 20 is a detached view illustrating the devices for releasing the drivers.
Fig. 21 is an edge view of the triggers.
Fig. 22 is a part sectional elevation on the line L, Fig. 23, showing the right.
and series of crank levers, etc. in the machine adapted to sterling currency.
Fig. 23 is a plan of a portion of such machine with the key-board removed.
Fig. 24 is a part sectional elevation on the line L', Fig. 23.
Fig. 25 is a sectional elevation on the line L³, Fig. 23.

page_text: Fig. 26 is a plan of the key-board as adapted to sterning currency.
Fig. 27 is a part sectional and end view on the line-L³, Fig. 22; and
Fig. 28 is a side view of one of the type carriers adapted to record the tens
of shillings.
There is a key-board marked D in which are arranged a number of rows of
keys, each row comprising nine keys 221, capable of vertical movement inde-
pendently of one another. There is also a series of toothed pinions or wheels 916
(see Figs. 1, 5, 8 and 9), constituting the register mechanism, which pinions or
wheels are operated or turned by the movement of curved racks 610 loosely con-
nected with rack levers B, that are operated in the manner hereinafter described.
Beneath the separate rows of keys 221, are also separate rows of crank levers 217,
a lever for each key, which crank levers are depressed and thrown rearward by the
action of forcing down the keys. Each crank lever is connected by its pendant
arm with the rearward end of a rod 270, which rods at their opposite ends are
bent or turned at c, to form stops which slide in the grooves of a stop-plate 210
pendant from the upper part of the machine, as shown in Fig. 1. The curved
racks 610 near their upper ends are provided with lips designed to engage the
stops c of the rods 270, whenever the stops are drawn back in their slots and their
corresponding racks lowered; and thus is the extent of the downward movement
of the racks determined and limited. The slots are of length for allowing the
necessary play to the stops c of the rods 270. The rack-levers B operate the
register devices, which may also be a recording device when a permanent record
is required.
As shown in Figure 2 the key-board D consists of two plates 298, 299, supported
in any suitable manner by the side frames 1061 which are both secured to the
base 1060, and which are connected transversely by various shafts and cross-bars
hereinafter referred to. The vertically operating keys are slotted as shown at 273*,
and extending transversely through the slots of such keys as are in the same
transverse line are the cross rods 273, Fig. 2, the arrangement of such rods being
between the plates 298 and 299, and their purpose being to prevent the keys from
being withdrawn or thrown out of the said plates. The keys 221 rest upon the
crank levers 217 below them, and said crank levers are supported upon cross
rods 200, Fig. 2, so as to swing; and upon said cross rods also are plates 210, each
of which extends alongside of or adjacent to the crank levers of each row and the
said crank levers 217 are pressed against the sides of the plates 210 by springs 282,
(Fig. 3.) with sufficient friction to hold the crank levers in the positions to which
they are set notwithstanding jars. The pendant arms of the crank levers 217 pass
through slots in slotted bars 214, extending from front to back of the machine
beneath each row of keys. The said bars have their forward ends turned upward
(see Figs. 1 & 12) to form lips for engaging the crooked fingers of suitable
retainers 415, Figs. 1, 9 and 10, such retainers being also formed or provided with
lips that engage shoulders a" of the racks 610, when the latter are in their
upward position. Thus by depressing any one key of a row and thereby rocking
its crank lever 217, the bar 214 under that row is moved back, and by the lip of
such rod acting on the crooked finger of its retainer 415, such retainer is thrown
upward in a manner to release engagement between its lip 60 and the shoulder a
of the co-operating rack 610. By the depression of the key the hooked end of the
rod 270 is also drawn back to the end of its slot in the guide plate 210 in position
to be struck by the shoulder of the corresponding rack 610 when the rack
descends.
The racks 610 have a slight vertical movement independent of the levers B,
which movement is permitted by a movable connection between the lower ends of
the racks and the arms 611 of the levers B. Thus, as best shown in Figs. 6 and 7,
the arms 611 are provided with pins 655, which enter slots a' in the racks 610,
and the said arms and racks are connected by springs 680 which tend to normally
lift the racks to the limit of their upper movements. This ineans of connection
permits the operations requisite to move any one of the pinions 916 one step

page_text: "
whenever the pinion next preceding it or of lower denomination completes a
revolution, for the purpose of carrying one to the pinion of the next higher
denomination as will be more fully described hereinafter. The means for securing
this independent and increased movement of any one of the racks at the proper
time are best shown in Figs. 12 and 13, from which it will be seen that each
pinion 916 has at one side a cam 924 having a projecting toe adapted to engage a
pin 461, upon a lever 413, a stud 460 of which lever, rocks in bearings in adjacent
plates 210. Each lever 413 controls this independent movement of the adjacent
rack 610, and is itself operated by the movement of the rack of the next lower
denomination. The rucks 610 are provided with studs 651, which when the
arins 611 of levers B are carried to the limit of their upward movement, make
contact with the lower ends of detents 412 pivoted to swing on studs 450 of
adjacent plates, 210, so that the racks can accompany the arms 611 only until
the studs 651 strike the detents 412 after which the arins 611 continue their
upward movement, and the pins 655 are brought to the upper ends of the slots a¹.
If the detents 412 are swung out of the way as will presently be described, the
springs 680 (see Figs. 6 and 7) lift the racks sufficiently to turn the pinions 916
one step farther than they would turn, did not the described free connection by
slots between the racks and levers Bexist. It will be understood that it is only
when 1 has to be carried from a lower denomination that any of the racks are thus
operated and that ordinarily the racks are lifted only the extent to which their
downward movement is limited by the stops c.
The
In order that the detents 412 shall be caused to swing out of engagement with
the studs 651 of the racks at the proper time a striker 411. is provided for each
detent, which striker consists of an arm pivoted upon the stud 450, and having a
projection 426 normally resting against or making contact with the toe of the
corresponding lever 413, the said strikers being drawn towards the lever by the
action of springs 480, and when the cam 924 of one pinion 916 strikes and pushes
back the stud 461 of the lever 413 corresponding with the pinion of the next
higher order which is to be moved one step in excess of what it would ordinarily
be moved (see Fig. 12) the lever 413 will be swung so as to carry its toe away
from contact with the projection 426, the striker will be drawn inward suddenly
by the spring 480 until it strikes the detent 412, moving it out of the way of the
stud 651, the spring 680 (Figures 6 and 7) then raises the corresponding rack which
turns the pinion 916 with which it engages one step. The pinions 916 are carried
by a swinging frame C (Figs. 12 and 13) consisting of duplicate arms 915 fixed to
a cross shaft 900 and all connected together by transverse bars 927 and 928.
said frame C swings for the purpose of carrying the pinions 916 into and out of
engagement with the racks 610. The strikers 411 are all thrown forward by the
movement of a cross bar 902 (Figs. 1 and 2) carried by arms 922 mounted on a
rock shaft 904, so that said strikers again engage the toes of the levers 413.
important to lock all the keys 221 in their positions after any of the keys have
been set.
In order to effect this locking a cross bar 203 is employed (Figs. 1 and 2)
which extends across all of the slotted bars 214, and engages with lugs e with which
each of the said slotted bars is formed or provided. When the bars 214 are
forward or in their normal positions the lugs e thereof are also forward of the cross
bar 203 as in Fig. 2, and whenever a bar 214 is moved back by depressing one of
the keys over it, the lug e of such bar is moved behind the cross bar. The said
cross bar 203 is supported between two arms 220 (one on each side of the machine)
suspended loosely on one of the shafts 200, and said bar is normally held up out of
engagement with the lugs e of the bars 214 by means of the cross rod 208 which is
carried by the downwardly projecting arms 220 and which rod normally rests upon
cam edges 613", Fig. 1, of the lifter frame I hereinafter referred to.
It is
When this lifter frame is operated as hereinafter described, the cam edges 613
pass from beneath the rod 208 allowing the arms 220 to drop carrying with them
the bar 203, which latter engages the lugs e of the bars 214, thereby preventing
any movement of any one of the said bars or the depression of any of the keys.
....

page_text: All the keys are restored to their normal positions by moving the bars.214
forward simultaneously, and this is effected by the forward swinging movement of
a cross bar 202 (see Figs. 2 and 11) carried between the upper ends of two arms 219
rigidly mounted upon a rocking shaft 207 which cross bar 202 makes contact with
the rear ends of all the bars 214. The movements of the bar 202 are limited by
slots in the pivoted arms 229 suspended from the uppermost or rearmost cross
rod 200, Fig. 2. The rocking of the shaft 207 is produced both automatically and
by hand, as hereinafter described, and the shaft is held in its backward position by
means of a spring 281, see Fig. 1. In order to protect the working parts of the
machine from undue strain and speed by carelessness on the part of the operator a
main shaft 800 is made use of. This is yieldingly connected in one direction to a
counter or supplementary rock shaft 100 which is positively operated by the
operating handle 367 attached to shaft 300 during its forward movement, but is
allowed to return under the action of the springs 180. The various rack levers B
are lifted after they have fallen by the operation of a lifter frame I which is for
the purpose of elevating the racks as will appear. The said frame I consists of
two arms 613 carried by the shaft. 600, and supporting the cross lifter bar 617,
Figs. 1, 5, 14 and 15, that engages with the lower edges of the arms 611 of the
rack levers B.
The shaft 600 is rocked from the shaft 800 to swing the lifter frame I by means
of a connection, Figs. 14 and 15, which it is preferred to make in the form of a
toggle to secure sufficient power at the termination of the motion to lift the rack
arms 611 against the power of the rack motor springs 680 Figures 6 and 7. The
toggle connection is in the form of two levers or arms 816 and 817, the arm 816
swinging freely on the shaft 800, and the arm 817 pivoted at 602, to the lifter
frame; the pivot 856, which connects the arms 816, 817 is carried slightly beyond
a central line drawn through the shaft 800 and the pivot 602 for the purpose of
locking the parts when they are in their extreme forward position.
The shaft 800 carries an arm 815 having a lip d which upon the movement of the
shaft in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 15, presses against the toggle arm 816 and
carries the toggle to the forward position shown in said figure.
It is necessary to throw the pinions 916 out of gear before releasing the rack
levers in order to prevent their being turned by the downward movement of the
racks, and therefore the shaft 800 by which the pinion frame C is operated must
have a reverse movement independent of the toggle connection, sufficient to enable
the pinions to be swung out of the way before the toggle is loosened, for which
purpose the toggle is connected loosely with the shaft 800. Thus the arm 815 is
connected with the arm 817 of the toggle through the medium of a connecting rod 824,
having a slot receiving a pin 859 see Fig. 15, on the arm 815 (see Figs. 1 and 15)
which pin only makes contact with the lower end of the slot after the shaft 800
moving in the direction of the arrow Fig. 14, has caused the pinions 916 to swing
out of gear with the rack when the arm 816 will be swung to carry its pivot 856
backward past the central line, and the weight of the connected parts will cause
the lifter frame I to drop, and the toggle connection will be carried to the position
shown in dotted lines Fig. 15. To insure this final operation, and as auxiliary to the
weight of the parts, a spring 884 connecting a point upon the arm 816 and the
arm 815 may be made use of. The motion is communicated from the handle shaft 300
to the main shaft 800 by means of the devices best shown in Figs. 2 and 14, in
which an arm 312 on the handle shaft 300 is connected by a rod 366 with an arm 110
on the rock shaft 100, and a forked rod 119 pivoted to a cross rod 101 (see
Figs. 5 and 14) extending between the arm 110 and another arm 116, receives
within its fork a stud 851-upon a two armed lever 811 upon the shaft 800.
The cross rod 101 and the upper arm of the lever 811 are connected by means of
springs 880, Figs, 2,and 14, attached to the ends of the said cross rod and arms, 80
that when the shaft 300 is rocked in the direction of the arrow marked 1, Fig. 2,
the arm 110 is carried backward, tending to distend the springs 880, rocking
the lever 811, and turning the shaft 800, but not with a positive movement, so

page_text: that if the handle is jerked forward too rapidly the effect will be to temporarily
distend the springs, and the contraction of the latter will gradually draw upon
the lever 811 and turn the shaft 800 without an abrupt shock. This yielding
connection is supplemented by a dash pot, Figs. 1 and 14, the piston rod 802
of which is connected at 801 to the frame and carries a piston at the lower
end, while its cylinder 867 is connected to an arm of a lever 813 mounted upon the
shaft 800. The cylinder has a diaphragm secured about midway thereof with a
valve 841 opening downward to permit the fluid to flow into the chamber below
from which it circulates to an outside channel through two small openings or
channels,, when the cylinder is moved downward or upward by the action of the
lever 813 and thereby governs the rate of movement resulting from the nation of
the springs 880. By this means any detrimental strains or abrupt movement are
absolutely prevented. Either one of the channels i¹, ³, may be controlled in size
to regulate the speed in either direction.
As shown an adjusting screw 857 turns in the channel f 80 ns to be carried to a
greater or less extent over the opening, which opening is in the partition,
between the channel, and the main cylinder 867. The return movement of the
parts above described is effected by any suitable controlling spring, as for
instance, springs 180, Fig. 2, having an adjustable hooked connection 113 for
engaging any one of a series of notches in the base 1060, and connected by a
link 112 with the cross rod 101.
If the handle were drawn forward and released too rapidly there would not be
time for the proper movement of the parts connected with either the rack levers or
the recording mechanism before the return movements effected by the spring 180.
Means are therefore provided for temporarily restraining the action of the
spring 180 until the other movements are accomplished. Thus the arm 116 on the
shaft 100 has a toe, which when the shaft 100 is turned back to its full extent
engages a shoulder (Fig. 2) upon a catch lever 527 swinging on a shaft 501 and
pressed forward by a spring 586 attached to said lever 527, and bearing against a
bar 701. As the shaft 800 rocks to its extreme backward limit, a stud 854 on the
arm 823 (Fig. 1) strikes the lower end of an arm 711 upon a rock shaft 703, which
carries arms 711 and 711 the latter carrying a cross bar 704 and upon
the
arm 711 is a lip (Fig..2) which on the forward movement of the arm makes
contact with the upper arm of a catch or lever 714, the lower arm of which has
a hooked end engaging a striker plate 713. The said striker plate has a lip k
that is brought against the forward edge of the lever 527, with a quick percussive
action under the influence of a spring 783 (Fig. 2) to vibrate the lever 527 and
release the toe j. of the arm 116 as the shaft 800 terminates its movement, where-
upon the shaft 100 and parts connected therewith will be released and returned to
their normal positions..
After the release of the toe j the first part of the forward movement of the shaft 100
and forked rod 119 is under the influence of the spring 180, and the dash pot does
not act until the end of the slot in the rod 119 is in contact with the pin 851 and
the movement of the lever 811 and 813 begins. It is therefore desirable to prevent
any shock upon releasing the arm 116. This is done by means of wire springs 885
held upon a small cross rod 862 (Fig. 2) arranged beneath and in front of the.
shaft 800 which resist the blow as the end of the slot in the rod 119 makes contact
with the pin 851, which pin 851 is not fixed to the lever 811 but has a slight
movement in a slot in the arm thereof, and is held at the end of said slot by the
springs 885.
After the movement of the shaft-300 once begins it is important that it be com-
pleted in the same direction, and the shaft 300 is, therefore provided with a curved
rack 311 (Fig. 2) adapted to engage the teeth 313, 314, of a double pawl E hung
to the side frame and having a sprung end e¹ that bears frictionally against the side
of the rack 311, so that when the latter begins to swing in the direction of its
arrow, Figure 2, the pawl E (bearing, with a terminal. lug 331, against the end of
a spring actuated arm 316) will maintain its position without engaging the rack,

page_text: but if any action is taken to reverse the movement of the shaft, 300, the friction
between the arm e¹ and the rack will carry the pawl E, to a position for the
tooth 313 to engage the rack and prevent any return movement. When, however,
the shaft 300 has been rocked to its full extent a stud 360, of the rack striking the
side of the part e' of the pawl will swing the latter to one side forcing out the
spring arm 316, so that the lug 331, passes to the position shown in dotted lines,
Fig. 2, whereby the teeth 313 and 314 of the pawl are brought to such a position
that the rack can move back as the shaft 300, return towards its first position.
This movement, however, cannot then be reversed, because the friction of the
part el on the rack. 311 then would cause the pawl to turn so as to bring the
tooth 314 into engagement with the rack; but as this movement is completed,
the stud 361, of the rack is brought against the opposite side of the part e¹,
and
restores the pawl against the action of the spring actuated arm 316, to the position
:shown in full lines, Fig. 2.
The cross bar 902; Fig. 2, the movement of which restores the strikers 411 to
their set or normal position, shown in Fig. 12, is operated by means of a cam
lever 918, Fig. 2, pivoted on the shaft 206 and operated by a stud 962 upon the
frame carrying the rack 311, as the rack reaches the limit of its movement in the
direction of the arrow. The cam lever 918 has a slot for receiving the cross
bar 902, the edges of which slot are of such a shape as is required to carry the
bar 902, outward as the cam end of the lever is raised and draw it inward, as it is
depressed under the action of a spring 381, which connects the lever 918 and the
arm 316, and serves therefore, also as a means of imparting a yielding pressure to
:said arm.
The frame C, Figs. 9 to 13, that carries the pinions 916 is swung inward and
outward through the medium of a T-lever 913, pivoted between its two upper arms
to the side frame on a stud 941. Motion is transmitted to the frame C from the
pendant arm of the lever 913 through the medium of a connecting rod 914, which
as shown and for the purposes described hereinafter, is forked at its forward end
and is provided with a notch to in one prong of the fork to receive a stud, 958, on the
frame above the shaft 900 and with a notch wo in the other prong to receive another
stud 958, on the frame C, below the shaft 900. The forward end of the connecting
rod 914 is supported by a link 911, from a stud upon the bell crank lever 227, at
the left hand side of the machine connected at its corner to a shaft 204, extending
'through the plates 210. It is necessary in ordinary operations to throw the
pinions 916 out of gear with the racks 610 at the beginning of the movement of
the shaft 800, and to throw them into gear at the beginning of the return movement
for which reason the shaft 800 is provided with an arm 813*, carrying a reversible
..spring actuated pawl 821, which engages with studs 961, 961 upon the opposite
arms of the lever 913. As the shaft 800 and its arm 813* swing in the direction of
the arrow, Figure 9, when the handle lever 367 is first drawn forward, the pawl 821
engages the pin 961" and swings the lever 913, to throw forward the connecting
rod 911 and the top of the frame C in which position they remain until the shaft 800
completes its movement in one direction. The pawl 821, as it passes below the
pin 961, swings over to the position shown in dotted lines, Fig. 9 and as the shaft 800
is swung in the opposite direction, the pawl will engage the pin 961, so as to
reverse the oscillation of the lever 913, and carry the pinions into engagement with
the racks.
In order to effect the transfer of the amount registered upon the pinions to the
printing register, it is necessary to vary the action above described and instead to
retain the pinions 916 in gear with the racks. during the entire forward movement
of the handle. "Means are therefore provided for reversing the action. Thus, the
lever 913 is thrown out of action upon the frame C by rocking the bell crank
lever 227, to lower the link 911 and the connecting rod 914 as shown in full lines
Fig. 10, so that the upper notch to will not engage the stud 958 during the forward
movement of the operating handle, and the lever 913 will swing forward without in
any way affecting the position of the frame C, and if the lever 227 is retained in
:

page_text: the position shown in Fig. 10, the lower prong of the arm 914 as it completes its
forward movement will drop over the pin 958 as shown in dotted lines Fig. 10, and
upon the backward movement of the lever 913 the notch w on the lower prong of
the arm 914 will engage the pin 958, and 'swing the frame C to carry the pinions 916.
away from the racks.
The lever 227 is provided with an upwardly extending arm, which carries a thumb--
piece 265, above the top of the key-plate, so as to enable the operator to manipulate.
the lever.
It is often necessary in printing long lists of amounts to divide the list into.
columns of reasonable length in which case it is desirable after printing the total at
the bottom of one column to carry it forward to the top of the next column.
is effected automatically as follows:-
This..
The thumb piece 265 is depressed, thereby rocking the lever 227 as above-
described; but if released at any time during the forward movement of the operating
lever it will return at once under the action of the spring 288 see Fig. 2 and will
lift the arm 914, and thus prevent the notch w of said arm from engaging the
stud 958ª on the return movement of the operating lever, thus leaving the pinions 916,
in gear with the rack 610, during both the downward and upward movement. By
this action the pinions 916, are returned, each to the position which it had prior to
the taking of the total. By repeating the operation above described the same
total is printed at the top of the next column and the pinions return to position, and
as other amounts are set up and printed they will be added to the total already on.
the pinione.
All of the racks 610 should be released prior to the adjustment of the lever 227,.
and this is effected by connecting a cross bar 209 with the pendant arms of the
lever 227 and 227, by means of the two parallel links 216, Figs. 9 and 10. It
should be understood that levers 227 and 227* are on opposite sides of the machine,.
and are connected by the shaft 204. The cross har 209, extends beneath the
terminal finger of all the retainers 415 each of which has a spring 487 tending to
throw it down. As the lever 227 is released and returns to its normal position, it is
locked by reason of the parts being again restored as before, consequently a slight
play in the arm 911 is necessary to permit the upper prong of the fork of the
arm 914 to ride under pin 958. This play is afforded by a slot, in the arm 914,.
in which enters a stud on the rod 911, a spring 983, lifting the arm 914. To prevent
movement while the machine is in motion, the lever 227 is locked by a toothed
arm 621, Figs. 1 and 2 hung to the shaft 600, the teeth of said arm engaging with a
projecting lip at, upon the arm 227* extending from the shaft 204 and the arm 621
has its end extended downward, so as to be struck by the stud 962, on the rack
frame 311, when the handle lever 367 returns to its normal position, thereby lifting
the bar 621 and unlocking the lever 227 and connecting parts.
The lever 913 is held in any position to which it is thrown by means of a flat
double arm friction spring 923 Fig. 9. secured to the stud 941, the arms of which
spring bear against the lever 913 with sufficient frictional force to retain the lever
in any position to which it is set, until sufficient power is applied to swing the lever..
To prevent the pinions 916 from turning after they have been thrown out of
gear with the racks, teeth 926, Figs. 1 and 8 are made use of. These are
preferably formed with bevelled edges which are carried in between two teeth of
the opposite pinions to temporarily lock them whenever the latter are carried away
or from the racks, the said teeth at other times being drawn back to permit the
pinions to turn. The teeth 926 are carried by a vibrating frame D' swinging loosely
on the shaft 900, Figs. 1 and 8; said frame consisting of side arms 920, connected by
stay rods. As shown one of the arms 920 is provided with a stud 960 entering a
slot in a three armed lever 917 which is pivoted on a stud 942, to one of the side
frames. The lever 917 is drawn in one direction by a spring 982 and has an arm g
with a double bevelled end engaging with a double bevelled lug g' on the end of
one of the side arms of the frame C, so that as the latter swings in either
direction, it will depress the arm g and swing the lever 917 so as to swing the

page_text: frame D', and throw in all of the teeth 926 until the points of the projections 9 9¹
pass each other, after which, the lever 917 will reverse its motion, and the
teeth 926 will be carried out under the action of the spring 982.
It is desirable to lock the frame C, in either position to which it is set, as soon
as it has been put in said position, and this is effected by securing to the shaft 800 a
cam which may be part of one of the arms on the lever 813, Fig. 8, the edge of
which cam is carried above a stud 963, of the lever 917, as soon as the shaft 800
has moved sufficiently to set the frame C, to one position or the other, the presence
of the edge of the cam h above the stud 963 prevents any rocking of the lever 917
or movement of the frame C. To correct any errors made in striking the keys, it
is necessary to restore them to their elevated positions, which restoration must, of
course, be effected before any movement of the hand lever 367. Instead of using
a separate key and mechanism, the key 265 is made use of by connecting one arm
of the lever 227, through the medium of a link 226, Fig. 1, with the lower end of
one of the arms 219 mounted on the shaft 207, so that by depressing the key 265 and
swinging the arms 219 the cross bar 202 is brought against all the slotted bars 214,
and the keys are thereby restored to place.
It is necessary to automatically elevate all the keys at the latter end of the
stroke of the hand lever 367, after the functions of the parts set by the keys have
been performed and to effect this automatically the shaft 207 is rocked and the
bar 202 is brought against all the bars 214 by means of a lever 622, Figs. 2 and 11,
on the shaft 600, one arm of which lever carries a pawl 623, see Fig. 11, the
movement of which is limited by projections a' and as overlapping the edges of
lever 622, and as the lever 622 turns from the position shown in dotted lines,
Fig. 11, to the position shown in full lines, the pawl 623 engages the stud 232, on
one of the arms 219, and swings the latter in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 11,
and then escapes from the stud to the position shown in full lines the arm 622
being operated by the contact of an arm on the lever 622, Fig. 2, with a
projection of the rack frame 311*. In this position the further swinging
movement of the arms 219 is not interfered with.
It is, at times, quite important to repeat the same number two or more times,
as for instance, when a bank teller has to add together a series of checks, a
number of which, in succession, are for the same amount. To avoid the necessity
of setting up this amount prior to every stroke of the lever, means are employed
to prevent the keys from being elevated automatically at the end of the stroke
and for returning the connected parts to their positions. This is effected by the
devices best illustrated in Figs. 2 and 11, in which 266 is a key above the key
plate connected with a lever 211, swinging upon one of the shafts 200 and having
an arm p, which, when the key 266 is depressed is brought above an arm pl of the
lever 622 in such a manner as to hold the latter in a position to prevent it from
swinging to engage and rock the arm 219 and hence to prevent the movement of
the slotted bars 214 as well as the crank levers working in conjunction therewith
and operated by the keys 221.
The arm 622 is rocked by means of the spring 687 connected with the pawl 623
and with any stationary part which draws down the back end of the lever 622 and
pawl, whenever the projection of the rack frame 311 is carried forward and
away from the arm k
The lever 211 is held down by the action of a forked friction spring 211ª, see
Fig. 11, that bears against the side of the lever 211, and the parts are retained in
position during repeated movements of the operating handle 367. After the last
amount has been repeated the desired number of times, the automatic key-setting
devices are unlocked by carrying the lever 211 to the position shown in full lines,
Fig. 11, by depressing the key 265 which rocks the shaft 207, and brings the
shaft 202 against the end of the slot of a link 212 connected with the lever 211
and thereby restores the lever 211 to its normal position.
It is desirable to connect the operating handle lever 367 detachably to the shaft 300
so that the machine may not be interfered with by unauthorized persons, and it

page_text: is also desirable that the lever 367 shall swing backward without operating the
shaft 300 and thereby straining the connections. To this end a clutch connection
is provided, see Figs. 16 and 17, between the lever and the shaft in the form of
clutch teeth upon the shaft, each bevelled at one side, and provided with an
abrupt shoulder on the other, and reverse clutch teeth upon the shaft 300, which
engage the teeth when the operating handle lever is pulled forward but ride over
said teeth, when the operating handle lever is pushed so far back that the lip t
hereinafter described is disengaged from the slot t. The operating handle lever is
provided with a pintle 352, having a conical inner end, and with a transverse slot t
adapted to receive a lip t, upon the end of a spring actuated stud 350, (380 being
the spring) carried in bearings upon the shaft 300, which stud is slotted at its
upper end and guided by a short rod 351, supported in suitable bearings, the slot
being so arranged that when the pintle is pushed in to its full extent, the lip t¹
enters the slot t and prevents the pintle from being drawn out, except when the
same is turned a quarter round, when the locking bolt is pushed outward until the
lower edge of the lip is in contact with the periphery of the pintle. When
the parts are in this position the operating lever may be easily withdrawn.
There is a series of type supports each connected to be operated by a lever B,
and means whereby the said supports are brought to different positions by the
operation of certain keys to move the type corresponding to said keys into place
opposite a platen.
In the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings there is a series of
levers B, which swing about a shaft 600 and which are controlled by means of a
lifter frame I, operated as previously described by a toggle 816, connected to the
frame and the shaft 800. Each of the type carriers is operated by one of the
levers B, to carry the type to position opposite the platen 599 which is shown in
the form of a roller.
The carrier 611*, Figs. 18 and 19 is an arm of the lever B and the types are
arranged radially thereon that is in such manner that their faces are in a circular
arc adjacent to the platen roller 599.
Each type is connected movably to the carrier and is forced outwards against the
roller, when the impression is to be made. As shown, the types u are arranged in
pairs, each pair upon a support 618, for purposes of economy, although each type
may be upon a separate support, and these supports move in guides radially to the
shaft 600, being retracted by springs 682. A single type driver 715 is arranged in
such position that it will operate upon the heel of each support 618 when the
latter is in position between the driver and the roller platen 599. The driver is
preferably in the form of a hammer as shown, consisting of a plate, having a
terminal hook e' that enters an annular groove in a cross shaft 701 and is retained
therein by a cross bar 709, so that the driver swings upon the shaft 701 as a center
but can readily be detached therefrom if desired. The hammer is driven forwards
by means of an L-shaped lever 716 vibrating upon 702, and having a stud 741,
which acts upon the inclined edge wo or cam of the lever 715, so that when the
lever 716, swings in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 19, it drives the hammer forward
and when the hammer strikes a type support 618, the stud 741, occupies a position
at the bottom of the slot of 715 and holds it immoveably against any rebound. The
lever 716 is made to effect its said movement by the action of a spring 780, which.
answers the double purpose of swinging the lever 716, and also a pawl 718 carried
by a cross shaft 704, supported by two arms 711 and 711* upon a rocking shaft 703..
A link 820 connects the arm 823 (see Fig. 1) with arm 712 (see Figs. 18 and 19).
which is secured on 702 and restores lever 716 to its normal position after it has.
been utilized for the purpose of printing.
A sudden blow upon all of the supports that are in a horizontal row, at one time,.
would result in a shock which would produce an imperfect impression and be
detrimental to the machine, means are therefore provided whereby the hammers
may strike the type supports in rapid succession. This is effected by releasing the
Irivers successively instead of all at once.
B

page_text: Each driver is held in a retracted position, by a detent or trigger 717 having a
shoulder that engages the point of the lever 716 as shown in Fig. 18 and each
trigger 717 is turned back upon the supporting rod 700 by means of the movement
of the engaging pawl 718, carried in the direction of the arrow 2. Fig. 19. by the
shaft 704, and the successive disengagements of the pawls from the triggers is
secured by setting the shoulder b. Fig. 20. of one pawl a little further back than the
shoulder of the preceding pawl, so that when the pawls 718 are carried back the
shoulders will leave the engaging shoulders of the triggers in succession releasing
one after the other.
The pawls 718 cannot engage with the triggers so long as the carriers 611* are in
their normal position, because in such case the tail of each pawl would be brought
against an inclined shoulder y of the adjacent carrier and such pawl would be lifted
away from the trigger.
When, however, a carrier is lifted and the shaft 704 is carried forward, as results
from the action of the parts of the machine, the pawl 718 released by said carrier
will engage the adjacent trigger and draw the latter back. If but a single carrier
is moved to print only one figure indicating a number greater than nothing it is yet
necessary that the ciphers of the succeeding sections of the register should be
printed so that although the other levers and carriers are not moved, the
corresponding type supports must be struck by the hammers and printed. To effect
this result means are provided whereby the adjustment or the release of any one of
the hammers resulting from the movement of any one of the carriers may be the
means for automatically operating the succeeding triggers when the adjacent carriers
are not moved. Thus, each trigger 717 is provided with a laterally extended
lug d' Fig. 21., which lug is arranged a short distance in advance of a heel or lip d
of the next adjacent trigger, so that when any one trigger is drawn back its lug d',
will after a limited movement strike the heel d' of the next trigger on the right and
also swing it backward, and so on, the movement being imparted from one trigger
to the other until all of the triggers at the right of the one directly operated have
successively been lifted to release the contacting levers 716, and through them
operate the adjacent hammers whereby all of the said supports carrying ciphers are
struck and the ciphers printed at the right of the figure or figures set in position by
the operation of the keys. The various rods, studs or bars supporting the operating
parts described are connected to or supported by two parallel plates 710.
The paper on which the numbers are printed as above described is drawn from a
roll and passed between the platen roller 599 and a friction roller under it pressed
against it by a spring. Thence the paper passes upwards between the platen
roller 599 and the types and then over a knife edge 524. Every time the types
make their forward stroke the lever 538 pushes back the lever 526 in opposition to
a suitable spring a pawl 521 upon this lever escaping the teeth of a ratchet upon
the shaft of the platen. When the lever 538 makes its forward stroke, the spring
causes the lever 526 also to make a forward stroke, during which its pawl turns the
ratchet of the platen roller, which feeds forward the paper sufficiently for the next
impression. By means of a catch lever 522, a pin at the end of which can be
engaged in any one of several holes in the side frame 529, the stroke of the lever 526,
and consequently the feed of the paper can be varied. The inking is effected in the
following manner :-A ribbon saturated with suitable ink is wound on an upper
roller on a shaft 500 and a lower roller on a shaft 501, passing on its way over the
guides 504, 502, between the types and paper, and over roller 705. The shaft 500
is driven by ratchet and pawl from the reciprocating rod 619, and on this shaft the
ribbon drum is held by spring friction so than it can yield when the strain exceeds
a certain amount. The lower shaft 501 is driven by a spring pawl 523 engaging in
shallow teeth of a wheel 516 which is fixed on 501. The pawl 523 which is worked
by the reciprocating arm 511 is pressed against 516 by a spring, but when a certain
resistance opposes the revolution of 516 the pivot pin at the lower end of the
pawl 523 can slide down a slot in the arm 511 and take a reversed position, so as
to turn the wheel in the opposite direction, whereupon the ribbon that had been

page_text: wound on the upper roll by the rotation of the shaft 500, 18 now wound off, the
upper drum slipping upon the shaft 500.
The platen lever 529 is pivotted at 509 and drawn forward by a spring 180*
hooked at 113. At any time it can be drawn back by hand so as to give access to
the paper in front of the platen roller.
$6
"
So far the machine has been described as adapted to decimal currency, and in
order to adapt the machine to be used in connection with sterling currency, it is
necessary to make certain modifications in the parts whereby the machine will
operate to "carry" in accordance with the relations of pence and shillings to
pounds; that is to say, instead of nine keys in the first series, it is necessary to
provide 11 keys to correspond to 11 pence, the 12 pence, of course being represented
by one
in the shillings series, and when 12 pence have been indicated by
depressing the proper keys, the pence pinion must carry to the shilling pinion;
the "carrying" from the second, or units of shillings series is the same as in the
decimal system, but the carrying from the third or tens of shillings series must be
accomplished once for each twenty shillings indicated, and the third or tens of
shillings pinion must operate to carry" at each fifth of a rotation instead of at
each complete rotation.
"6
66
The other parts co-operating with the machine have been arranged accordingly,
and the details of construction of the machine adapted to sterling currency will now
be described more specifically referring more particularly to Figs. 22 to 28
inclusive.
It will be seen that the general arrangement of the parts illustrated in these
various figures, is substantially the same as the corresponding parts in the decimal
system, they will not therefore be fully described but only the modifications made
therein.
The sector 610 of the first series of keys corresponding to the pence, must have
the same dimensions and pass through the same arc of a circle to register 12, as the
other sectors do to register 10. Thus, on reference to Fig. 22, it will be seen that
the sector 610 and the stop plate 210" are graduated in proportion to the decimal
system as 12 is to 10. The pinion 916* corresponding to said sector, has 12 teeth
instead of 10 as in the decimal system. It is provided with a cam 924 just
the same in shape and arrangement as in the decimal system, but this is only
brought into operation once at each revolution, that is, after 11 pence have been
accumulated.
As the number of keys required to indicate the pence is 11, and as it would be
confusing to crowd them together in a single row 2 keys representing 10 and
11 pence (see Fig. 26) are preferably placed to the right of the keys representing
8 and 9 pence, although it is evident that these may be differently arranged.
Of course, a stop wire must be connected with one of these keys, viz.: 10, as
well as with the lower numerals, and to do this in the arrangement shown in the
present key-board the stop wire 270* connecting with the key 10, is arranged
diagonally to the right of the other, and connects with the same stop plate 210* as
the stop wires operated by the lower keys.
It will be observed, Figs. 23 and 25 that the crank lever 217 of the key 10 is
connected to the stop wire 270 while the crank lever 217 of the key 11 operates
directly on the sliding bar 214, in the same manner as the crank lever of the
"9" keys in the decimal system. The two crank levers 217 just referred to are
held by friction by a spring 213, to accomplish the same result as is accomplished
by the springs 282.
In the present instance the sliding bar 214 is shown as provided with an
extension on its right hand side, projecting under the crank levers 217, to be
operated thereby, the same as is the sliding bars by the other crank levers.
The next series of keys, representing the units of shillings, is arranged precisely
as in the decimal machine.
The third series representing the tens of shillings (as shown in Fig. 24) is
provided with a sector 610, and stop plate 210, precisely as in the decimal system

page_text: except that it is necessary to provide but a single slot, as it requires but a single
key and a single stop wire and connections to "carry" the shillings to make pounds.
It, therefore, becomes necessary that the pinion 916 which as in the decimal system
is provided with ten teeth should be arranged so that it will "carry" 5 times at
each rotation, and in order to accomplish this, there is secured to said pinion,
instead of a single cam 924, a 5-pronged cam 924 to release the carrier mechanism
five times during each rotation of the pinion 916. The key-board as represented
in Fig. 26 has but a single key in the row corresponding to the tens of shillings.
Of course, to accomplish the recording of sterling currency, corresponding
changes must be made in the supports carrying the type, and on reference to
Fig. 22, it will be seen that there are 6 supports 618 arranged on the carrier 611
in the same space as are the 5 supports of the decimal system, and each carrier is
provided with two sets of type u as before to make the units of the pence, but in
order to record 10 and 11 pence, it requires a double block, and in Fig. 27, there is
shown the support as made in two portions 618 and 618° mounted on opposite
sides of the carrier 611 and arranged to be operated together to make the proper
record.
It is evident that the recording mechanism corresponding to the units of shillings,
will be precisely like the decimal system before described, but to record the tens of
shillings as before indicated, it is only necessary to use a single key operating
mechanism, shown in Fig. 26, and consequently it is only necessary to provide the
carrier 611, corresponding to the tens of shillings with a single type to print "one"
representing the tens of shillings, and this is shown clearly in Fig. 28 and requires
no further description.
"
The machine operates in the following manner :-The keys 221 and racks 610
being all up and the pinions 916 being disengaged from the racks and in their zero
position that is to say each with the abrupt face of its cam 924 bearing against the
pin 461 (Figure 12); also the handle 367 being back and the lifter bar 617 being
up as shewn in Figure 15, the operator depresses keys 221 in several of the rows to
express some number. Each key, as it is depressed, pushes down one arm of its
bell crank 217, the other arm of which moves back the bar 214 and draws back its
rod 270, the hooked end of which is drawn into the notch c in the stop plate 210.
The hook front end of the bar 214 as the bar retreats moves the retainer 415 BO
that its finger 61 escapes the shoulder a" at the back of the rack 610 so that on
moving forward the handle 367 and thus lowering the lifter bar 617, the rack 610
descends until its front shoulder x is stopped against the hooked end of the rod 270
which had been drawn into the notch c by the action of the key, the rack thus
descending a number of its teeth corresponding to the numeral on the particular
key 221 that had been pressed down.
Along with the rack the arm 611 of the lever B, to which the rack is jointed,
descends and the opposite arm 611* ascends and brings one of the types u which it
carries to face the platen cylinder 599, in which position the type carrier is struck
by the hammer 715 impressing on the paper strip against the platen a number
corresponding to that on the finger key which had been depressed.
The handle 367 being now retracted by its spring, the frame C is in the first
place moved so as to bring all the pinions 916 into gear with the racks 610 and the
lifter bar 617 then raises all the racks, each rack as it ascends turning its pinion a
number of teeth. equivalent to what the rack had descended, and therefore
equivalent to the number on the depressed key.
The racks having all been raised are retained in their elevated positions, the
bars 214 having been advanced, to allow the retainers 415 again to engage the
racks, and to raise the keys, that had been depressed. When the handle 367 is
again moved forward, the pinions 916 are in the first place moved out of gear with
the racks and are retained in position by the holders 926. Another set of the
keys 221 being depressed a similar set of operations take place, but if it happens.
that any one of the pinions makes more than a complete revolution as the racks
ascend, its cam 924 acts upon the carrying mechanism, whereby the rack of the
i

page_text: next higher denomination is raised by the spring 680, one tooth farther that it was.
raised by the arm 611, thus turning its pinion one tooth farther before the pinions.
are disengaged from the racks. As by a number of successive operations of the
kind described, the pinions are turned always in the one direction, (that is, looking
at Figure 1, in the direction of the hands of a watch) obviously their total motion,
recorded in numbers of teeth, corresponds to the sum total of the series of numbers
determined by the keys depressed.
When it is desired to print this total, the key 265 is depressed reversing the
action of the handle 367 on the frame C, which carries the pinions, so as to engage.
them with the racks, and releasing the racks which descend turning their respective.
pinions backwards until they are stopped on reaching their zero position.
Each lever B is thus stopped in a position such that its arm 611" presents to the-
tympan 599 a type corresponding to the number of teeth which the pinion has
turned backwards. The type carriers being struck, the total determined by the
motion of the pinions is printed, and the pinions being now all in their zero.
positions, another series of operations may be carried on.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I make no
general claim to apparatus for exhibiting and printing rows of numerals determined
by depression of finger keys, and the total of a number of such rows, nor do.
I claim machinery for this purpose such as is described in the Specification.
No. 12121 of 1888 but what I claim is :-
1. The hereinabove described carrying mechanism consisting substantially of a.
lever B a rack 610 with slotted hole and connecting springs, a pinion 916 and its.
cam, a detent 412 arranged to meet a stop 651 upon each rack, a striker and
lever 413 for moving the detent as the pinion gearing with the adjacent rack com-
pletes a revolution, cam lever 918, spring and bar 902 to carry back the strikers.
substantially as set forth.
2. The modifications herein described of the carrying arrangement for the
purpose of dealing with cases when the carrying is not in respect of the decimal
system of notation.
3. In combination with the. bars 214 operated by depression of the keys, and their
stops e, a locking bar 203 and its connections to the handle 367 substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
4. In combination with the key levers 217 and slide bars 214 the cross bar 202,.
and means of moving it against the slide bars, substantially as set forth.
5. The hereinabove described actuating mechanism consisting substantially of the
handle 367 its shaft 300, and the parallel main shaft 800 and shaft 100 having arms.
connected to an arm of the shaft 300 and by a spring 880 and forked rod 119 to an
arm of the shaft 800, substantially as set forth.
6. The hereinabove described controlling mechanism consisting substantially of
the shafts 300 and 100, the main shaft 800, and their yielding connections a dash
pot, connected to an arm on the shaft 800, the said dash pot consisting of a cylinder
and side chamber, a valved diaphragm, an upper adjustable and a lower opening into
the side chamber, substantially as described.
7. The hereinabove described detaining and releasing mechanism consisting of
the springs 180, the arm 116, catch lever 527, and shaft 800, of a catch 714, striker
plate 713, and connections between the catch 714 and the shaft 800 and means for
releasing the striker plate, substantially as described.
8. The hereinabove described re-instating mechanism consisting substantially of
the lifter frame I, shaft 800, toggle levers 816, 817, lever 815, pin 859 slotted
connecting rod 824 and spring 884, substantially as set forth.
9. The bereinabove described totalling mechanism consisting of the frame C
carrying the pinions 916, the vibrating lever 913, reversible spring pawl 821,
forked connecting rod 914 linked to lever 227, key 265, and studs 958 and 958
substantially as described with reference to Figures 9 and 10.

page_text: 10. The combination' with the key 265 of levers 227 and 227* rack retainers 415.
and cross bar 209, its locking arm 621, and the rack frame 311, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
11. In combination with the pinions 916 the retainers 926 holding them when
out of gear, frame carrying the pinions, lever 917, and automatic locking device
for holding the lever after the frame reaches the end of its stroke each way
substantially as set forth.
12. The combination with the keys, and the cross bars 202, and connections for
restoring the positions of the keys, of the key 265, the frame C, and its locking
devices and connections between them and the key 265, substantially as described.
13. The mechanism for striking the type against a platen, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27 and 28.
Dated the 12th day of September 1893.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.