provements in Means employed in Casting Metals for Various Purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb.,
1898
Complete Specification Left, 17th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1898
PROVISIONAL DIMITATION
Improvements in Means employed in Casting Metals for Various
Purposes.
We, FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON, of the Friary, Friary Road, Handsworth Wood,
near the City of Birmingham, Gentleman, ARTHUR JOHNSON SMITH, of Variety Works,
Frederick Street, Birmingham, aforesaid, Jeweller, and JAMES CLEMENCON WHATELEY,
Dentist, Corporation Street, Birmingham, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the casting of metals to produce cast junctions in cycle
and like work, and for various other purposes, and consists in making the moulds or
matrices from thin sheet metal shells or stampings, formed in two or more sections,
and united together at their edges, either by screws passed through eyed lugs formed
thereon, or by other clamping expedients. By our invention, chilling of the castings
produced is neutralized owing to the moulds being of such thin substance that they
become heated, by the molten metal poured therein, to nearly the same temperature
as the casting metal itself, which consequently flows easily into all the interstices
of the moulds, and whereby we are enabled to obviate the whole of the disadvantages
attendant upon casting in ordinary chill moulds, the walls of which are of thick
substance and conduct away a large amount of heat from the castings, hence rapid
or sudden cooling of the said castings and the hardening of their outer surfaces,
which is liable, owing to varying strains set up by the unequal cooling, to set up
searing of the joints produced.
By our improvements, sound castings are produced, and when made of steel or
iron the surfaces of the same admit of being worked upon, if required, and are
perfectly smooth and require little or no dressing or finishing other than possibly at
the points opposite the junctions between the stamped moulds. Further, the moulds
employed may be produced from sheet metal by dies, or they may be produced
by hand by embossing or like processes, or they may be produced by electro
deposition.
In making or forming two half shell-moulds for use in casting the junctions of
cycle framings and like work, we take thin sheet steel or other metal blanks, with
the inner side perfectly smooth or polished, and then by dies and pressure shape or
fashion the said blank into a half mould, the matrix of which comprehends half the
section of the casting to be made and also halves or parts of the members or articles
to be united together by the said casting, and also having a longitudinal half-section
of a mouthed get or flow-hole leading to the centre (or thereabouts) of the casting
matrix. Two such half moulds are then clamped together face to face, with the ends
of the members lying within the entrances and extending into the middle of the
mould, when by pouring molten metal down the get after the aforesaid parts are in
position, the perfectly sound and solid cast junction or joint is produced having a
smooth surface requiring no subsequent dressings other than possibly at the parts
where the moulds meet.

page_text: In producing articles other than junctions by our improved method of shell casting,
we employ like sheet metal moulds with their matrix concavities placed face
to face, and provided with the usual flow gets and (if required) air escape holes.
Our invention is also particularly applicable to the production of castings in
aluminium or alloys thereof.
Dated this 16th day of February 1898.
Improvements in Means employed in Casting Metals for Various
Purposes.
We, FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON, of The Friary, Friary Road, Handsworth Wood,
near the City of Birmingham, Gentleman, ARTHUR JOHNSON SMITH, of Variety Works,
Frederick Street, Birmingham, aforesaid, Jeweller, and JAMES CLEMENCON WHATELEY,
Dentist, Corporation Street, Birmingham, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the casting of metals to produce cast junctions in cycle
and like work, and for various other purposes, and consists in making the moulds or
matrices from thin sheet metal shells or stampings, formed in two or more sections,
and united together at their edges, either by screws passed through eyed lugs formed
thereon, or by other clamping expedients. By our invention, chilling of the castings
produced is neutralized owing to the moulds being of such thin substance that they
become heated to a red heat, by the molten metal poured therein, to nearly the same
temperature as the molten casting metal itself, and owing to this heating, the said
casting metal flows freely into all the interstices of the moulds, and whereby we are
enabled to obviate the whole of the disadvantages attendant upon casting in ordinary
chill moulds, the walls of which are of thick substance and conduct away a large
amount of heat from the castings, hence rapid or sudden cooling of the said
castings and the hardening of their outer surfaces which is liable, owing to
varying strains set up by the unequal cooling, to set up searing of the joints
produced.
By our improvements, sound castings are produced, and when made of steel or
iron, the surfaces of the same admit of being worked upon, if required, and are
perfectly smooth and require little or no dressing or finishing other than possibly at
the points opposite the junctions between the stamped moulds. Further, the
moulds employed may be produced from sheet metal by dies, or they may be
produced by hand by embossing or like processes, or they may be produced by
electro-deposition.
In making or forming two half shell-moulds for use in casting the junctions of
cycle framings and like work, we take thin sheet steel or other metal blanks, with the
inner side perfectly smooth or polished, and then by dies and pressure shape or
fashion the said blank into a half mould, the matrix of which comprehends half the
section of the casting to be made and also halves or parts of the members or articles

page_text: o be united together by the said casting, and also having a longitudinal half-section
of a mouthed get or flow-hole leading to the centre (or thereabouts) of the casting
matrix. Two such half moulds are then clamped together face to face, with the ends
of the members lying within the entrances and extending into the middle of the
mould, when by pouring molten metal down the get after the aforesaid parts are in
position, the perfectly sound and solid cast junction or joint is produced, having a
smooth surface requiring no subsequent dressings other than possibly at the parts
where the moulds meet.
In producing articles other than junctions by our improved method of shell
casting we employ like sheet metal moulds with their matrix concavities placed
face to face, and provided with the usual flow gets and (if required) air escape
holes.
Our invention is also particularly applicable to the production of castings in
aluminium or alloys thereof.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represent a front inside elevation of a
half shell mould, two of which are placed face to face and clamped together by their
webs or flanged edges to form a complete mould for the casting therein of the top
lug of the head of a cycle frame, or that lug which comes at the junction of the top
member with the head tube.
Figure 2 is a front inside elevation of a similar half shell mould forming one of a
pair employed for the casting the seat lug of a cycle frame, or the lug coming at the
junction of the after end of the top member with the seat tube.
Figure 3 is a cross section of the complete mould upon the dotted line x,
Figure 1.
Figure is a cross section of the complete mould upon the dotted line x¹,
Figure 1.
Figure 5 is an inside front elevation of a half shell mould, being one of the pair
employed in the casting of the lower junction formed at the meeting ends of the
head tube with the diagonal lower member of a cycle frame.
Figure represents partly in section and partly in elevation, the three shell
moulds employed in casting the bottom bracket sleeve and the junctions of the lower
ends of the front diagonal member and seat tube and inner ends of the chain stays
thereto.
Figure 7 is a cross section of Figure 6, upon the dotted line 2, looking towards
the seat tube.
Figure 8 is a cross section of Figure 6 on the dotted line a³.
In the several figures a is the matrix cavity of each shell mould and a¹ are the
keep-sets, which socket over the ends of the tubes to be united and keep the sections
of the mould relatively true to the said tubes, around the said ends of which the
metal is to be cast in forming the junctions. a² are the flow gates through which
the molten metal is poured and a³ the flanges or webs of the shell sections which are
secured together by clamping screws, or by clamps or other holding devices.
In order to retain the heat during the hot-casting process, we propose to surround
the shell moulds with sand or other non-conducting material.
We also propose to
make the shell moulds of as thin metal as possible as we have found in practice that
20 gauge steels answers the purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
First-In the production of cast metal junctions, for cycle and like work and
various other purposes, the employment of moulds made from thin sheet metal
stampings or thin metallic shells, formed in two or more sections and united together,
substantially for the purpose herein described and set forth.
Secondly-In the production of cast metal junctions for cycle and like work and
various other purposes, the employment of moulds made from thin sheet metal
stampings or thin metallic shells, formed in two or more sections with their flanged

page_text: or webbed edges united or connected together by clamps or holding devices, substan-
tially as and for the purpose described and set forth.
FREDERICK ARTHUR WALTON.
ARTHUR JOHNSON SMITH.
JAMES CLEMENCON WHATELEY.
By Henry Skerrett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicants.