Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 4th May, 1889
1, ALEXANDER ANDERSON of the noу
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the hardening or tempering of projectiles or shells and to
apparatus therefor.
One feature of my said invention consists in heating the projectile or shell and then
causing water or other liquid to flow around the same in such a manner that it first
comes in contact with the point or head and then flows towards the base of the said
the projectile or shell.
Another feature of my said invention consists in heating the projectile or shell and
then cooling it from the exterior as hereinafter described and at the same time causing
water or other liquid to circulate through the inner end of the chamber or cavity of
projectile or shell.
Another feature of my said invention consists in hardening or tempering a projectile
or shell by heating the same and then causing first oil or hot water or other liquid
and then cold water or other liquid to flow around it as hereinafter described.
In hardening or tempering a projectile or shell according to one method I proceed
as follows, that is to say, I heat the said projectile or shell to the required
temperature and place it in a vessel the interior of which corresponds or approxi-
mately corresponds in shape or configuration to, but is somewhat larger in diameter
than, the exterior of the projectile or shell, and which is provided with a central inlet
aperture at the bottom and with an overflow or outlet pipe near the top thereof or at
any desired level. Suitable devices are provided in the said vessel for supporting
the projectile or shell therein in such a manner as to leave a space between the said
projectile or shell and the interior surface of the said vessel. The inlet is connected
with a tank or reservoir by a pipe provided with a suitable valve or cock, so that water
or other liquid contained in the said tank can be caused to flow into the said vessel
at the bottom thereof and flow upward around the projectile or shell up to the
level of the overflow pipe. The liquid is thus brought first into contact with the

page_text: point or head of the projectile or shell and, as the said liquid comes in contact with
parts of the said projectile nearer to the base thereof, it becomes more and more
hoated and therefore exerts loss cooling effect upon the metal.
In the overflow pipe above mentioned I provido a regulating valve the closing of
which at intervals will permit the liquid to rise above the level of the overflow pipe
towards the base of the projectile.
It will thus be seen that by properly regulating the inlet and overflow valves a
constant supply of cold liquid will be caused to flow past the head of the projectile
while on the other hand the body will be surrounded by a liquid more or less
heated and the temperature of which can be regulated at the will of the operator.
1 sometimes connect a thermometer with the overflow pipe so that the temperature
of the liquid may ho readily ascertained at any time.
In some instances I insert in the chamber or cavity of the projectile or shell, n
tube whose lower end will fit closely to the surface of the said chamber or cavity
In short distance from the inner end thereof. I insert in this tube a pipe for
admitting water or other liquid, and I provide the said tube with a suitable over-
flow or outlet pipe. The liquid admitted to this tube comes in contact with the
metal at the lower or inner end of the said crumber or cavity and then flows
upward in the said tube and escapes through the said over-flow or outlet pipe.
According to another method, I provide the vessel for holding the projectile or shell
with two over-flow pipes and 1 connect the inlet aperture by means of suitable pipes
with a tank for containing oil or hot water or other liquid and with another tank for
containing cold water or other liquid. These pipes are provided with valves or rocks
so that first oil or hot water or other liquid and then cold water or other liquid can
be caused to flow through the said vessel. The oil or hot water or other liquid is
admitted until the projectile or shell has been partially cooled and then cold water or
other liquid is admitted to complete the hardening or tempering. I sometimes
provide a regulating valve in either or hoth of the said overflow pipes.
In some instances I tonghen or refine the material composing the projectile by
heating it to a suitable heat and cooling it in oil previous to the final tempering.
Datod this 28th day of June 1888.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.O.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: or Shells and to Apparatus therefor.
I, ALEXANDER ANDERSON, of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to the bardening or tempering of projectiles or shells, and to
apparatus therefor.
My said invention comprises an improved method of hardening or tempering a
projectile or shell, which method consists in first heating the projectile or shell to a
suitable temperature, then placing it in a vessel the interior of which is of approxi-
mately the same shape or configuration as, though of somewhat larger diameter than,
the exterior of the projectile or shell, and introducing into the said vessel a stream of
water or other liquid in such a manner that the said liquid first comes in contact with
the point or head of the projectile or shell and then flows around the same and towards
the base of the said projectile or sholl, as hereinafter more fully described.
1 sometimes modify this method of hardening or tempering a projectile or shell, by
causing first oil or hot water and then cold water or other liquid to flow around it as
hereinafter described.
My said invention, moreover, comprises the hardening or tempering of a projectile
or shell by first heating the same and then cooling it from the exterior and at the
same time causing water or other liquid to flow or circulate through the inner end of
the chamber or cavity of the projectile or shell whilst preventing contact of the
liquid with those parts of the wall of the projectile which do not require to be
hardened.
In the accompanying drawings, I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in vertical central section, showing one form of
my improved apparatus.
Figure 2 is a similar view showing another form or modification of the said apparatus.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical central section showing a further modification
thereof.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
a is a vessel in which is placed the projectile A to be hardened or tempered. This
vessel is provided with a central inlet aperture 6 at the bottom thereof, and with an
overflow or outlet pipe e near the top thereof as shown, or at any other desired level.
The interior of this vessel a is made of approximately the same shape or configuration
as the exterior of the projectile or shell A, but of somewhat larger diameter than the
said projectile or shell, so that, whilst the liquid can flow freely upward in the space
around the projectile, contact of the said liquid with the surface of the head of the
projectile will be effectually ensured.

page_text: For retaining or supporting the projectile or shell in the vossol a in such a manner
as to leave the required space between the said projectile or shell and the interior
surface of the said vessai, 1 provide a collar or clipd which is scoured in any convenient
manner upon the projectilo at or near the base thereof and is adapted to rost upon the
upper edge of the vessel a.
The inlet b is connected with a tank or roservoir B by a pipe e provided with a
suitable valve or cock e', so that water or other liquid contained in the said tank can
he caused to enter the said vessel at the bottom thereof and flow upward around the
projectile or shell until it attains the level of the overflow pipe c. In this overflow
pipe, provide a regulating valve or cock c'.
In tempering or hardening a projectile with the apparatus above described, the said
projectile, after being heated to a suitable temperature, is suspended in the vessel a as
shown. The cocks c and are then opened, so that liquid from the tank B may
ontor the vessel a through the inlet 6. The liquid thus admitted will first come in
contact with the pointed end of the projectile and will then flow upward around the
projectile and will be discharged through the overflow pipe c.
A stream of the cooling liquid is thus allowed to flow continuously until the projectile
is of the requirel hardness or temper, when the said cocks are closed. By closing, at
intervals during the tempering operation, the cock c', the liquid may be permitted to
rise above the level of the overflow pipe e for the purpose of gradually cooling the
hase or rear end of the projectile and thus toughening without hardening this end.
It will thus be seen that, by properly regulating the inlet and overflow valves or
cocks, a continuous stream of cold liquid may be caused to flow past the head of the
projectile whilst the body thereof is surrounded by liquid more or less heated and the
temperature of which can be regulated at the will of the operator.
fis a thermometer connected with the overflow pipe e so that the temperature of
the liquid may be readily ascertained at any time. This thermometer may, however,
be dispensed with if desired, and the temperature ascertained by placing the hand or
finger in the liquid which flows from the pipe c.
In the arrangement illustrated in Figure 2, the vessel a is provided with a second
overflow pipo and the inlet aperture is connected, by means of a suitable pipe e³,
with a second tank or reservoir B¹ for containing oil or hot water or other liquid, as
well as with the tank B for containing cold water or other liquid. The pipo e³ is pro-
vided with a valve or cock e, so that first oil or hot water or other liquid and then
cold water or other liquid can be caused to flow through the said vessel a. The oil or
hot water or other liquid is admitted until the projectile or shell A has been partially
cooled, and then cold water or other liquid is admitted to complete the hardening or
temporing. The second overflow pipe c is also provided with a regulating valve or
cock c³.
Figure 3 illustrates a modification wherein I insert in the chamber or cavity of the
projectile or shell A, a tubo g the lower end of which is provided with a ring 9 of
asbestos or other suitable material, which will fit closely to the surface of the said
chamber or cavity a short distance from the inner end thereof. The upper extremity
of the tube gis provided with a stuffing-box g' and a gland g². 1 insert in thủ tubo g
a pipe passing through the said stuffing-box g and gland g, for admitting water or
other liquid, and I provide the said tube g with a suitable overflow or outlet pipe g.
The liquid admitted through the tube h comes in contact with the metal at the lower
or inner end of the said chamber or cavity and then flows upward in the said tube g
and escapes through the said overflow or outlet pipe gas indicated by the arrows,
but is prevented by the ring 9" from coming in contact with those parts of the wall
of the projectile which do not require to be hardened. I thus provide for cooling the
projectile at the point or head simultaneously on the interior and on the oxterior
thereof, without hardening the body or rear part of the projectile. To retain the
projectile or sholl A in its proper position in the vessel a, I provido projections or
bosses a³ upon the interior of the vessel a and set-scrows a³ which are passed through
correspondingly scrow-threaded holes in the the upper portion of the said vessel a.
"

page_text: In some instances, I toughen or refine the material of which the projectile is com-
posed, by heating it to a suitable temperature and then cooling it in oil, and then,
if desired, repeating this operation, previously to the final tempering as above
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood
that I claim :-
First: The improved method of hardening or tempering a projectile or shell, by
first heating the same and then subjecting it to the action of a stream of water or
other liquid in a vessel the interior of which is of approximately the same shape or
configuration as, though of somewhat larger diameter than, the exterior of the projectile
or shell, so that the said liquid will first come in contact with the point or head and
will then flow towards the base of the projectile or shell, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Second-The modification of the said method of hardening or tempering, wherein
I subject the heated projectile or shell first to the action of oil or hot water or other
liquid and then to the action of cold water or other liquid, substantially as set
forth.
Third-The hardening or tempering of a projectile by first heating the same and then
cooling it externally by means of water or other liquid and at the same time causing
a stream of water or other liquid to flow through the inner end of its chamber or
cavity whilst preventing contact of the said liquid with the inner surface of the body
or rear part of the projectile or shell, for the purpose above specified.
Fourth-The improved apparatus for hardening or tempering projectiles or shells,
constructed substantially as described with reference to Figure 1 or to Figure 2 or to
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
A. ANDERSON.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.