Improvements in the Decoration of China, Stoneware, and the like by Transfer Prints.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 5th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st July, 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Decoration of China, Stoneware, and the
like by Transfer Prints.
I, NICOLAUS KIESSLING of Charlottenburg, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the production of transfer pictures and their application to
china, stoneware etc., and the improvements consist in printing of the same by the aid
of wood blocks, etchings or movable type, without the application of heat, by means
of a printers press.
The blocks and types must be arranged with special regard to the object to be
decorated and in such a way that the picture, drawing or writing shall appear correct
on the block as a double transfer therefrom will take place.
The quality of the paper used is very important, and it is especially prepared. For
this purpose strong silk paper may be used coated with a solution of 25% gelatine
and borax or with a solution of gum, borax and manna.
The colours must be finely ground and rubbed, care being taken, that their fluidity
be not lost.
For printing without powdering, the colour and vehicle must be intimately mixed,
while vehicle only is used for printing with over-powdering for the purpose of
avoiding the frequent cleaning of the machine and colour rollers.
The preparation of the vehicle is very important as the whole advantage of the
work depends upon the good quality of the same. It must allow sharp definition to
be obtained and the colours to cover well. It must also not crack and peel off during
the burning in. Finally the vehicle must not contain impurities which could have a
hurtful influence on the colours, for instance resins etc. My improved vehicle is
formed by boiling pure linseed oil varnish with turnip seed oil."
The printing is executed as follows :
The blocks or types are arranged, rolled with colour and varnish and the prepared
side of the paper exposed to printing. If thick covering of colour is required, the

page_text: print is powdered over with the same colour in pulverised state and after drying, is
rubbed with plaster of Paris. According to the colour required, the varnish print
must be stronger or weaker, as the porcelain colours have not the same qualities.
With printing in different colours, the treatment is the same.
For transferring the picture on to the object to be decorated, the print is covered
with a slight layer of the vehicle or gelatine, then cut out, laid upon the object to be
decorated, rubbed and when slightly dried, put into a water bath, in which the paper
is detached, the picture being left on the object. The picture or print on the porcelain
or stoneware may be burned in, in the usual manner. If however the pictures are
attached to other articles, they need only be covered with a protecting layer of
varnish.
With the application of the usual printing process for producing transferable
pictures, for which blocks, on which the pictures appear reversed, and types with
reverse letters are used, gummed paper is coated with gelatine, or similar solution
forming a thin coat on which the print is executed. Subsequently the printed sheet
is laid into water where the paper will become detached and the skin left swimming
on the surface. The skin is caught on the article to be decorated. This process
however cannot be used in all cases, as it is not possible to produce closed patterns
with the same, while the improved process described above is adapted for all cases.
Dated this 12th day of August 1886.

page_text: I, NICOLAUS KIESSLING of Charlottenburg, in the Empire of Germany, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the production of transfer-pictures and to their application
to china, stoneware etc., and the improvements consist in printing the same by the
aid of wood blocks, etchings or movable type, without the application of heat, by
means of a printers press.
The blocks and types must be arranged with special regard to the object to be
decorated and in such a way that the picture drawing or writing shall appear correct
on the block as a double transfer therefrom will take place.
The quality of the paper used is very important and it is specially prepared. For
this purpose strong silk paper may be used coated with a solution of 20 to 25 part
gelatine with 5 parts Borax in 100 parts of water; or with a solution of 20 parts of
gum and 10 parts of manna in 100 parts water provided that the transfers are to be
drawn off with varnish. The paper should be floated before printing in a 25% (per
cent.) solution of gelatine of similar film forming material. The colours must be
finely ground and rubbed, care being taken that their fluidity be not lost.
For printing without powdering the colour and vehicle must be intimately mixed,
while vehicle only is used for printing with overpowdering for the purpose of
avoiding the frequent cleaning of the machine and the colour-rollers.
The preparation of the vehicle is very important, as the whole advantage of the
work depends upon the good quality of the same. It must allow a good sharp
definition to be obtained and the colours to cover well. It must also not crack and
peel off during the burning in. Finally the vehicle must not contain impurities,
which could have a hurtful influence on the colours, for instance resins etc.
improved vehicle is formed by boiling pure linseed oil varnish with turnip seed oil,
in proportions of about 5 parts of the first to one of the second.
The printing is executed as follows:
My
The blocks or types are arranged, rolled with colour and varnish, and the prepared
side of the paper exposed to printing. If thick covering of colour is required, the
print is powdered over with the same colour in pulverised state and after drying, is
rubbed with plaster of Paris. According to the colour required, the varnish print
must be stronger or weaker, as the porcelain colours have not the same qualities.
With printing in different colours the treatment is the same.
For transferring the picture onto the object to be decorated, the print is covered
with a slight layer of the vehicle or gelatine, then cut out, laid upon the object to be

page_text: decorated, rubbed and, when slightly dried, put into a water bath, in which the paper
is detached, the picture being left on the object.
The picture or print on the porcelain or stoneware may be burned in in the usual
manner. If however the pictures are attached to other articles, they need only be
covered with a protecting layer of varnish.
With the application of the usual printing process for producing transferable
pictures, for which blocks, on which the pictures appear reversed, and types' with
reverse letters are used, gummed paper is coated with gelatine or similar solution
forming a thin coat, on which the print is executed. Subsequently the printed sheet
is laid into water, where the paper will become detached and the skin left swimming
on the surface. The skin is caught on the article to be decorated. This process
however cannot be used in all cases, as it is not possible to produce closed patterns
with the same, while the improved process described above, is adapted for all cases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim, is:
The process for the production of transfer-pictures in one or more colours for
china, stoneware and such like, the characteristic of these pictures being, that they
are printed by means of wood blocks, etching or movable types upon particularly
prepared paper by aid of a printers press, all substantially as described.
M
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