A New or Improved Hydraulic Motor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 18th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Hydraulic Motor.
We Sir WILLIAM ARROL, Knight, of Dalmarnock Iron Works, Engineer, and
WILLIAM FOULIS of 45 John Street, Civil Engineer, both of the City and
County of Glasgow, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new or improved hydraulic motor, which is more
especially applicable for use in retort charging, stirring, and drawing machines,
though if desired it may be used for other purposes.
In carrying out our said invention as applied to a retort charging machine and
as arranged for the purpose of actuating the machine from one set of retorts to
another, we proceed as follows:-
We employ a suitable upright standard or frame having the necessary means
provided on it for carrying two upright cylinders as well as the gearing and their
connections. The said cylinders are arranged side by side and the top parts of their
rams are suitably guided and formed as spur racks which gear into the opposite
sides of a spur pinion or wheel or part of a wheel; which is mounted loosely on a
horizontal shaft. This spur wheel, or part thereof, gears by means of double
ended pawls with two other spur wheels, one on each side of the spur wheel. One
of the last mentioned wheels, is keyed on the said shaft, and the other is fixed to a
sleeve running loosely on the shaft. The said shaft and sleeve are each provided
with a spur mitre or bevel wheel both of which gear into opposite sides of another
wheel mounted on the top end of a vertical shaft, the lower end of which has a
spur mitre or bevel wheel or pinion keyed onto it, which in its turu gears into
a corresponding wheel keyed on the axle or spindle of one or more of the bogie or
carriage wheels.
The spur wheel, or part, of a wheel, with which the spur racks of the rams gear,
is provided with a suitable bracket piece which carries, by means of a spindle or
pin the two double ended pawls, before mentioned; the said pawls being suitably
shaped on their top sides so as to enable either end to be thrown into or out of gear
with their respective wheels by means of a cross bar, afterwards described, and
thereby the action of the machine is reversed.
A double cross bar is attached to the rack actuated wheel, the ends of which are
provided with adjustable spring buffer arrangements, the buffers of which press
down on the top of the cains, in such a manner, as to cause the opposite ends of each
double ended pawl to be in gear at the same time with its respective wheel, and
thereby produce a constant rotary. motion to the upright shaft in one direction, and
the said cross bar is also provided on its end with a projection or pin so as to enable
it to be actuated by means of an arm or lever mounted loosely on the horizontal
drawing shaft, and formed with a fork or opening at its top end so as to engage
with the projection on the end of the double-armed lever. The said arm or lever
is also provided with a spur wheel, or part of a wheel, into which one or other of a
pair of pawls gear, said pawls being pivotted to a sliding block the one end of
which is connected to a suitable operating and reversing handle by means of rods,
links and levers.
In order to facilitate the constant motion being given to the vertical shaft, we
provide the horizontal shaft with a spur wheel and gear it with a spur pinion

page_text: mounted on a small auxiliarly shaft on which is also mounted a fly wheel provided
with an adjustable brake strap and weight arrangement, which may also have an
operating handle or foot lever attached to it by any suitable means.
In order to actuate or reverse the cylinders we employ a combined slide, piston
and three way cock valve arrangement which is so mounted as to be automatically
operated by the direct action of the rams. That is to say, we mount in a convenient
part of the machine a suitably shaped valve casing having two supply ports one for
each cylinder, and an exhaust, said ports being opened or closed by means of a D
or other slide valve which is actuated in the desired direction by means of a piston
or ram which works horizontally within the casing and is formed with one of its
ends of a larger area than the other, so as to enable the inlet pressure of the fluid
to move it backwards or forwards, said pressure being regulated by means of a
three way plug cock mounted above the said casing and provided with suitable
ports; the plug of the said cock being reversed by the top or other part of each
ram coming in contact with a double armed lever which is keyed on the spindle of
the said plug, the whole thus forming an automatic reversing and supply valve.
Dated this 6th day of July 1894.
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.
A New or Improved Hydraulic Motor.
We, Sir WILLIAM ARROL, Kuight of Dalmarnock Iron Works, Engineer, and
WILLIAM FOULIS, of 45 John Street, Civil Engineer, both of the City and
County of Glasgow, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a new or improved hydraulic motor, which is more
especially applicable for use in retort charging, stirring and drawing machines,
though if desired it may be used for other analogous purposes.
In carrying out our said invention, as applied to a retort charging machine and
arranged for the purpose of actuating the machine from one set of retorts to
another, we proceed as follows and as is illustrated in the annexed explanatory
sheets of drawings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 a part sectional side elevation, and
Figure 3 a part sectional plan of our improved motor, and Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7
are detail views.
Referring to the said drawings we employ a suitable upright standard or frame A
having the necessary means provided on it for carrying two upright hydraulic
cylinders B, B₁ as well as the gearing and their connections. The said
cylinders B, B' are arranged side by side and the top ends of their rams C, C, are
suitably guided by means of brackets C2, C3, and the said top ends of the rams C, C
are formed or provided with spur racks D, D', which gear into the opposite sides
of a spur pinion E, or wheel or part of a wheel: which is mounted loosely on a
horizontal shaft F. This spur pinion E, or part thereof, gears by means of two
double ended pawls E' and E' with other two spur pinions or wheels G, G¹ one
being mounted on either side of the pinion E. One of the said spur pinions G is
keyed or otherwise mounted on the shaft F, and the other pinion G' is fixed to a
sleeve F running loosely on the said shaft F. The said shaft F and sleeve Flare
each provided with spur mitre or bevel wheels H, H-both of which gear into the
opposite sides of another mitre or bevel wheel H which is movated on the top end
of a vertical shaft J, suitably carried by the main frame ✓. The lower end of
this shaft J has keyed or otherwise mounted on it a spur mitre or bevel wheel or

page_text: pinion K which in turn gears into a corresponding wheel K¹ keyed or otherwise
mounted on the axle or spindle K2 of one or more of the bogie or carriage wheels L.
The spur wheel E, or part thereof, with which the spur racks D. D¹ of the
rams C, C gear, is provided with a suitably shaped bracket piece M which carries
by means of a spindle or pin¯m, the two double-ended pawls E', E': said pawls are
suitably shaped on their top sides as at m', so as to enable either end of the pawls
to be thrown into or out of gear with their respective wheels G, G¹, by means of a
double cross bar N, in such a manner, as to enable the motor to be reversed as
bereafter described.
•
The said double cross-bar N shewn in detail Figure 4 is attached to the rack
actuated wheel E by means of the pin or pivot n and ring and cottar pin n¹ or their
equivalents. The ends of the said bar N are provided with adjustable spring buffer
arrangements, the buffers n' of which are caused to press down on the top or canı
ends m¹ of the double-ended pawls E', E' by means of the springs n which may
be adjusted by the screwed caps no in such a manner as to cause the opposite ends
of each of the double ended pawls to be in gear at the same time with their
respective spur wheels G, G', and thereby produce a constant rotary motion to be
given to the upright shaft iu one direction, by means of the alternate rising of
the rams CC, and the said cross-bar N is also provided on its one end with a
projection or pin n³ so as to enable it to be actuated, to reverse the motor, by means
of an arm or lever P mounted loosely on the horizontal driving shaft F and formed!
with a fork or opening p at its top end so as to engage with the projection n³ on the
end of the cross bar N. The said arm or lever P is also provided with a spur
wheel or part of a wheel P¹, into which one or other of a pair of adjustable
pawls Q, Qgear: said pawls Q, Q being pivotted to a sliding block R, the one
end r of which is connected to a suitable operating and reversing handle, arranged
in any convenient part of the machine, by means of rods, links and levers or their
equivalents.
In order to facilitate the constant motion being given to the vertical shaft J we
key or otherwise mount on the horizontal shaft F a spur wheel S. and gear the said
wheel S with a spur pinion S¹ mounted on a small auxiliary shafts on which we
also mount a fly-wheel S: said fly-wheel S may be provided with an adjustable
brake strap S and weight arrangement which may also have an operating handle
or foot lever attached to it by any suitable means.
In order to actuate or reverse the cylinders B, B¹, alternately, we employ a
combined slide, piston and three-way cock valve arrangement, which is so mounted
as to be automatically operated by the direct action of the rams C, C¹. That is
to say as is shewn in sectional side and end elevations Figures 5 and 6 and in
detail Figure 7-we mount in a convenient part of the machine a suitably shaped
valve casing Thaving two supply ports t, one for each cylinder, and an exhaust
port said ports being opened or closed by means of a Ď or other slide valve (*
which is actuated in the desired direction by means of a piston or ram ³ which
works horizontally within the casing T: said ram t is formed with one of its ends
of a larger area than the other, so as to enable the inlet pressure of the fluid to
move it backwards or forwards, said pressure being regulated by means of a three-
way plug cock * mounted above the said casing T and provided with suitable ports
for regulating the supply and exhaust for actuating the piston to. The plug of the
said cock t is actuated or reversed by the top or other part of each ram C, C¹ or
rack D, D' coming into contact with an alternate arm of a double armed lever U
(shewn more particularly in Figure 7) which is keyed or otherwise mounted on the
spindle of the said plug. The whole thus forming an efficient automatic reversing
and supply valve for hydraulic motors.
In the event of the fluid pressure-being off we may actuate the upright shaft J
by hand power by mounting an ordinary cranked handle on the squared end s¹ of
the auxiliary shaft s.
The action of the foregoing motor is as follows:-—
Suppose the motor is at a standstill or in its normal position, as is shown in the

page_text: drawings, and it is desired to start the same in the direction of the arrows: the
operator would move the slide block R in the direction of the arrow (Figures 3
and 4). This would cause the pawl Q' to gear with the segment P' of the arm P,
which in turn would move the cross bar N, and so cause the pawl E to gear into
the wheel G, and the opposite end of the pawl E to gear into the wheel G', then
on turning on the fluid pressure the motor will at once begin to work, that is to say,
the one ram C will rise and force round the wheels G and H until the top end of
the ram C or rack D, comes into contact with the one arm of the valve lever U
and so reverses the valve and by so doing causes the ram C₁ to rise and force.
round the wheels G¹ and H¹ and so on, thus giving a constant rotary motion to the
upright shaft J and so driving the machine in the desired direction. When desired
to drive the motor in the opposite direction, the operator has simply to move the
slide block R in the reverse direction to that of the arrow.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. The general arrangement, construction and combination of the various parts
constituting the improved hydraulic motor substantially as hereinbefore described
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In hydraulic motors, the arrangement and combination of two hydraulic
actuated racks D, D', and wheel or part of a wheel E, with two double ended
pawls E¹ E and spur wheels G G₁ connected to mitre or bevel wheels H H',
whereby a constant rotary motion is given to the wheel H2 and shaft J, substantially
as hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In hydraulic motors, the means whereby they may be reversed consisting of
the two double ended pawls E¹ E2, cross bar N; arm or lever P having spur wheel
or part of wheel P₁, pawls Q, Q and sliding block R, and their connections,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
4th. In hydraulic motors having two actuating cylinders, the arrangement,
construction and combination of the parts constituting the combined slide, piston
and three way cock valve arrangement, whereby the cylinders are automatically
actuated or reversed alternately, substantially as hereinbefore described and shown
more particularly in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 9th day of April 1895.
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.