Year: 1886

page_text: I, ROBERT LITTLE of No. 3 Albert Road Kirkcaldy in the County of Fife
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to sash made windows, and has for its principal objects to
facilitate the repair and cleaning of the sashes, and outside of windows without
the necessity of leaning or standing outside for that purpose, and the prevention of
accidents.
For this purpose I make the window duplex, or sash and casement combined
with frames or pulley stiles in two parts, tongued together, with checked tongued
or rebated beeds and parting rods to receive the sliding bars connected with sashes,
and to which is fixed the pulleys and guides to carry the balance weights and
sashes.
The sashes are made with the stiles in two parts, the inner of which is rigidly
connected with the rest of and forms part of sash frame, while the outer part
forms a sliding bar working into grooves or tongues in beeds and parting rods
fixed to pulley stiles of window frame; said outer parts or sliding bars on both
sides of sash are attached to balance weights with chains cords or other flexable
material passed over axle or other pulleys in top of window frame, and compen-
sating pulley in balance weights, one end of chain or cord being fixed to sliding
bar on left side the other end fixed to sliding bar on right side of sash.
Each sash balanced by counter weight on one side only, the chain or cord
passing under compensating pulley to take up the chain or cord when sash is
being moved up or down when open as a casement window.
The sashes are connected to sliding bar on one side with metallic hinges or
pivots, and to sliding bar on opposite side with metallic keepers made to fold over
revolving catch working on pivot or socket fixed to sash stile near the top of sash,
and metallic keeper or switch working on pivot or socket fixed to sliding bar with
quadrant working into groove in plate on sash stile near bottom of sash, and
notch on side of window frame, keeper or switch is for the purpose of attaching
sash to sliding bar and balance weight on both sides, for the ordinary working of
the cash, and for attaching sliding bar to window frame while sash is being opened
inwards for cleaning or repairs.

page_text: The lower sash is hinged on one side of window frame, and upper sash on the
opposite side.
To detach the sashes for opening inwards it is only necessary to move the sash
to a point placing the keeper or switch opposite the notch or mortise in batten rod
for lower sash, and parting rod for upper sash, and slip the switch from groove in
such stile into notch or mortise, and turn the revolving catch at top of sash to
relieve te keeper, thus relieving the sliding bar on opening side from sash, and
fixing it to window frame, and throw the whole power of balance weight over to
sliding bar on opposite side to which the sash is hinged, allowing the sash while
opened inwards to be moved up or down, and at same time correctly balanced.
Balance weights are made up in sections to correctly balance the weight of sash,
and connected to chain or cord by means of rod passed up through weight, and
secured with screwed nut or cotter fitted into recess in bottom of weight, said rod
is made with square neck fitted into mortise in top of weight to prevent turning,
and has axle or other pulley attached to work with chain or cord.
No beeds screws or other loose parts require to be removed in releasing the
sashes for opening inwards, or fixing them in position, both sashes from the
formation of window frame can be opened inwards at same time and at any part
of the window, after the catches have been shifted into their respective notches.
The sashes may be moved for purpose of ventilation or otherwise by means
of lifting handles or grips fixed to bottom rail of lower sash, and cord or pulley on
to top rail of upper sash in the usual manner.
The window frame, sliding bars, and sash stiles are all checked rebated tongued
or grooved in such a manner as to be perfectly weather tight, and secure against
being tampered with from outside.
This invention is also applicable to old or existing window frames and may be
modified to suit the different sizes and stiles of windows without affecting the
general principals of the invention.

page_text: I ROBERT LITTLE of Albert Road Kirkcaldy in the County of Fife Builder do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED
WITH SASH WINDOWS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to windows, the sashes of which slide vertically, and are
suspended by means of cords or chains, pulleys and weights, and are also mounted
to hinge or open inwards separately for the purpose of cleaning or repairs.
For the purposes of the invention I make the sashes with the stiles in two parts
the inner of which is rigidly connected with and forms part of the complete sash
frame, while the outer parts form a sliding bar working into grooves or tongues
on sides of window frame, and are attached to sash by means of metallic hinges on
one side, and keepers on the opposite side. Sliding bars on both sides of sashes
are attached to balance weights by means of cords or chains or other flexible
material passed over axle or other pulleys, fixed to top of window frame, and under
compensating pulley in top of balance weight, at hinged side of sash to take up
the cords or chains when the sash is being moved vertically while it is opened
inwards.
The sashes are attached on one side to sliding bars by means of brass or other
metallic hinges, and connected to sliding bars on opposite side by brass or other
metallic hinged keeper fixed to sliding bar near top of sash, flap or wing of keeper
to fold over revolving catch pivoted to plate on sash stile, for the purpose of
securing sash to sliding bar; also brass or other metallic quadrant keeper
or switch pivoted to plate on sliding bar near bottom of sash, with quadrant
working into groove in plates on sliding bar, and sash stile for the purpose of
attaching sash to sliding bar and balance weight, while the sash is being worked
vertically in window frame, and also working back into notch or mortise in plate
on side of window frame for the purpose of detaching sliding bar from sash, and
securing it to window frame while sash is being opened inwards.
To release the sashes for opening inwards it is only necessary to move the sash
up or down till the quadrant keeper or switch near bottom of sash is opposite the
notch or mortise plate on side of window frame, and slip the switch into said
notch or mortise; turn the revolving catch near the top of sash accross flap keeper,
fold back the flap when the sash will be free to swing open inwards, leaving the
sliding bar securely fixed to window frame at opening side, and the whole power
of balance weight thrown over to hinged side of sash leaving the sasli still
perfectly balanced and free to be worked up or down while full open.
No beeds, screws, or loose parts require to be removed in releasing the sashes for
opening, or fixing them back in position; For ordinary use or purpose of
ventilation the sashes may be moved vertically in the ordinary manner, by means
of cords attached to sliding bars, and passed over pulleys on side of window frame,
or by means of lifting handles fixed to bottom rail of lower sash, and pull to top
rail of upper sash.
To secure the window against being opened from the outside the ordinary form
of spring or other fastener fixed to meeting rails will be sufficient.

page_text: The window frame, sliding bars and sash stiles or frames, are all checked
rebated, tongued and grooved together in such a manner as to render the window
perfectly weather tight, and secure against being tampered with from the outside.
In the accompanying drawings which serve to illustrate my invention Fig. 1 is a
front elevation Fig. 2 is a vertical section, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section or plan
embodying my improvements, while Figs. 4 to 13 shew details on a larger scale.
Figs. 1. 2 & 3, show the arrangements of the several parts as an ordinary hung
window, the dotted lines Figs. 2 & 3 show the sashes opened inwards; A represents
the lower sash and B the upper sash C the sliding bars to which the cords or chains
and balance weights are attached, D the window frame E the balance weight.
Figs. 4 & 5 show enlarged cross sections of sashes A. A. B. B. with sliding
bars C. C. C. C. and mode of attachment to window frame D. D. D. D. by means of
batten rods F. F, parting slips G, G, and outside facings H. H, all rebated to form
grooves for tongues or sliding bars C. C. C. C. and secured to window frame D. D. D. D—
I. I. represents hinged keeper fixed near top of sliding bar-K. K. represents hinge
and mode of hanging sashes to sliding bars C. C. C. C-L. L. Fig. 1 quadrant or
switch keeper fixed near bottom of sash for releasing sashes to open inwards.
Figs. 6. 7. & 8. show the arrangements of hanging pulleys and chains at top of
window frame, a. a. represents the pulleys at opening side of sashes, and b. b. at
hinged side of sashes, all fixed to window frame; One pair for each separate sash
with cords or chains c. c. c. in one continuous length from sliding bar on one side
of sash over pulleys a & b, and through pulley & in top of balance weight, and over
pulley to sliding bar on opposite side of sash; E-Fig. 7 represents balance
weight which for the purpose of correctly balancing of sash is built up in sections
with rebated joints as shown by dotted lines, and connected to pulley d by means
of iron rod e passed through centre of weight with upper end of square section, to
fit notch or mortise in top of weight, and lower end fitted with screwed nut to
adjust weight and secure it in position.
.
Fig. 9 shows front elevation and Fig. 10 cross section of hinged keeper I. I. fixed
near top of sliding bar C, with revolving catch f pivoted to plate g, fixed to sash
stile A Dotted lines Fig. 9 shows revolving catch in position for releasing flap h,
and dotted lines Fig. 10 shows flap folded back to allow sash to be opened
inwards.
Figs. 11 & 12 show enlarged sections and Fig. 13 front elevation of quadrant
keeper or switch L pivoted at i to plate fixed near bottom of sliding bar C, and
working into notched plate with slip bolt m Fig. 13 to hold quadrant in position
when sash is closed; Dotted lines Fig. 13 shows quadrant worked back into
plate n fixed to batten rod F in side of window frame 1) to secure sliding bar to
window frame, and to release sash while being opened inwards.
The same arrangement of hinges, keepers, pulleys, and balance weights as above
detailed apply to both upper and lower sashes, the one hung on the right side, the
other on the left, the drawings show the lower or first opening sash hung to the
left side of window, and the upper on the right side.
I would remark in conclusion that I do not confine myself to the exact shape
and construction of the parts herein described as the invention is susceptible of
considerable modification to suit the different sashes and casements without
affecting the principle involved in the invention, For instance the sliding bars or
stiles could be dispensed with and the hinges and keepors made to connect direct
to window frame and slide into metallic or other grooves with attachments for
hanging cords or chains-I prefer however to use the sliding bars as above
described as being more secure weather tight and to work more noiseless.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. In sliding sash windows the sash frames, the stiles of which are composed
of two parts, namely an inner part rigidly connected to and forming part of

page_text: complete sash frame, and an outer part or sliding bar working into grooves on
window frame, and connected to sash frame by means of hinges on one side, and
keeper with pivotal divices on the other, so that the sash frame may be worked
vertically for ordinary purposes, and opened inwardly as a casement window in
the manner and all substantially as described.
2nd. In sliding sash windows, the method of hanging the sash to window frame
which consists of single pulley at one side, and double pulley at opposite side with
pulley in top of balance weight, and cords or chains passed over all pulleys and
attached to sliding bars at both sides of sash, and formation of balance weight
in the manner and all substantially as described.
3rd. In sliding sash windows the method of attaching sash to sliding bars which
consist of hinges or pivots on one side, attached to both sash frame and sliding bar
to hang sash to sliding bar and balance weight, whether closed as a sash window
or opened inwards as a casement window, in the manner and all substantially as
described.
4th. In sliding sash windows the method of attaching sash at opening side
of sliding bar, which consists of hinged keeper fixed to sliding bar and pivotal
divices fixed to sash stile near top of sash in the manner and all substantially as
described.
5th. In sliding sash windows the method of disconnecting sash from sliding bar
and attaching sliding bar to window frame which consists of quadrant shaped
keeper or switch pivoted to plate on sliding bar, quadrant part to work into
groove or notched plate on sash frame to attach sliding bar, and cords or chains
with balance weights to sash for sliding purposes, and to work back into notched
plate in window frame; To attach sliding bar to window frame and release
sash for opening purposes, and render the whole of balance weight still available
to balance the sash while standing open in the manner and all substantially as
described.
6th. In sliding sash windows the method which consists of forming window
frame to admit of the sash to work either to slide vertically on pulleys and
balance weights or both sashes to open inwards as a casement window while still
being hung to balance weights, making the whole construction a duplex window
in the manner and all substantially as described.