Improvements in Protecting Sheets of Gelatine by Pyroxyline or Nitro-cellulose Varnishes.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Protecting Sheets of Gelatine by Pyroxyline or
Nitro-cellulose Varnishes.
We, ABRAHAM VAN WINKLE, of Newark, residing at No. 35, Clinton Avenue
in the County of Essex, and State of New Jersey, United States of America>
Manufacturer, and EDMUND NEVILLE TODD, also of Newark, and also residing
at No. 35, Clinton Avenue, in the County of Essex, and State of New Jersey,
United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING SHEETS OF GELATINE BY
PYROXYLINE OR NITRO-CELLULOSE VARNISHES," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The present invention relates to improvements in articles composed of gelatine
or other colloid, the object being to provide a novel material, fancy or otherwise,
as a substitute for celluloid, preferably in sheets to be used for printing, engraving,
painting, or decorating and the invention consists in a material composed of
gelatine or other colloid, transparent or otherwise, either plain or printed, etc.,
protected with a subsequent coating of non-hygroscopic pyroxyline or nitro-cellulose
varnishes, whereby an article is the result, which is free from imbibing moisture
contained in the atmosphere, and furthermore, whereby a sheet is the result which
does not warp and is free from any blemishes.
Heretofore sheets of gelatine have been covered with ordinary colodion which is
very detrimental to the surface of the gelatine for the following reasons:-
The colodion contract so much in drying that the gelatine becomes warped and
the sheet is rendered useless.
The solvents used in colodion also contain water which combines with the gelatine
in drying and destroys the gloss and also distorts the sheet, which is due to the
fact that the solvents used in the colodion, having a great affinity for moisture,
condenses the same upon the article from the air, and while drying upon and
combining with the gelatine it ruins the gloss and warps and renders the sheet
useless.
It is also a well-known fact that when sheets of gelatine are covered in this
manner the colodion chills in lumps upon the gelatine sheets unless the greatest
care is exercised during the process of covering the gelatine and the sheet will
become useless owing to the atmospheric influences upon the colodion solvents
employed.
As has been stated in the above, we purpose covering sheet or articles made
from gelatine or other colloid with a non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish, composed
of any non-hygroscopic solvents of pyroxyline and a non-hygroscopic diluent or
diluents and pyroxyline, to which have been added castor oil or some equivalent
to render the varnish flexible and to prevent it from warping or distorting the
gelatine sheet or other article and without interfering with the finish or gloss of
the gelatine.

page_text: To obtain these results, we prefer a solution composed of one-half pound of
pyroxyline dissolved in three quarts of acetate of amyl and one quart of fusel oil
to which has been added two fluid ounces of castor oil. We hereby obtain a
non-hygroscopic varnish which has no affinity for water or atmospheric moisture
and which when applied to the gelatine leaves the same in a perfectly even state
and thereby produces a sheet which at all times is unaffected, either by great heat,
moisture, or extreme cold.
Of course it will be understood that we do not intend to limit our invention to
the exact proportions above stated, for they may be varied, as is evident, and other
non-hygroscopic solvents may be added to this solution when desired.
Having thus prepared this fluid solution, it is applied directly to the clean
surface of the gelatine or other colloid, and when dry the sheet of gelatine will be
found perfect and without blemishes, to which sheet firmly adheres the non-
hygroscopic film which provides the most perfect finish.
'
Before applying the non-hygroscopic solution, the gelatine in the form of sheets
or otherwise, is subjected to a moderate temperature until rendered flexible and
then varnished in this condition in which it will thereafter remain.
To insure the most perfect and even coat, without any bubbles or blemishes, we
pour the solution into a proper receptacle containing the sheets or articles of
gelatine or other colloid, and slowly draw off the solution from below thereby
allowing the thin films to dry upon the gelatine.
It will be understood that the sheets of gelatine can be variously colored to
suit the fancy or the particular purpose to which it is put.
A great advantage is that our improved material can be used as a substitute for
celluloid sheets and does not warp or become distorted as is often the case with
ordinary sheets of celluloid.
The gelatine sheet can also be provided with any desired design or print,
engraving or other decoration, and then covered with the-non-hygroscopic solution,
or, if desirable, the print or other decoration can be placed upon paper or other
back-ground which is then protected with the flexible gelatine and this is finally
covered with the non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish.
This protects the printing or other decoration and renders it just as distinct from
the outside, while at the same time the gelatine, which has been put on-in-a-warm
state, renders the paper flexible and is thereby free from cracking when rolled.
This novel article thus obtained can be applied to wall papers with great
advantage. Such papers are thereby kept from contact with the moisture in the
air and the colors are thereby preserved, and furthermore, there is no danger to
persons living in the room of inhaling the poisonous particles often contained in the
colors employed in the manufacture of wall papers.
It is evident that by dipping such articles in our non-hygroscopic varnishes, the
article is provided with the finest gloss rendering the whole water proof and perfect,
being protected from moisture or from the action of gases while at the same time
the colors and decorations upon the gelatine or upon the back-ground employed are
securely protected.
When a back-ground provided with a print or decoration-is-used,-the-gelatine_is_
flowed upon the same at the proper temperature or in any well known manner and
then treated, as has been stated, or the non-hygroscopic varnishes can be applied
by means of a spreading machine, or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. An article or material made of gelatine or other colloid, transparent or other-
wise, protected with a coating of pyroxyline varnish, for the purposes set forth.
2. An article or material made from gelatine or other colloid, transparent or
otherwise, protected with a coating of non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish, for the
purposes set forth.

page_text: 3. An article or material made of gelatine or other colloid, transparent or other-
wise, provided with a print, engraving, painting or other decoration, and protected
with a coating of non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish, for the purposes set forth.
4. An article or material to be used for printing, engraving, painting or
decorating, consisting of a suitable substance provided with said print, engraving,
etc., covered with gelatine or other colloid, and protected with a subsequent coating
of non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish, for the purposes set forth.
5. An article or material made of gelatine or other colloid, transparent or other-
wise, and provided with a print, engraving, etc., and protected on both sides with a
coating of non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish, thereby completely enclosing the
print, picture, etc., and rendering the same water-proof, as and for the purposes
set forth.
6. As an article of manufacture, a picture, print, or other decoration of any
color on paper or other like material, covered with a coating of flexible gelatine
or other colloid and protected on one or both sides of the same with a subsequent
coating of non-hygroscopic pyroxyline varnish, as and for the purposes set forth.
7. The herein described improvements in the art of forming flexible sheets to be
used for printing, decorating, etc., which consists in adding fusel oil and castor oil
to non-hygroscopic solvents of pyroxyline, and subsequently depositing such solution
on a previously heated and flexible sheet or article of gelatine, and drying it, as
and for the purposes set forth.
8. The herein described improvement in the art of forming flexible sheets to be
used for printing, decorating, etc., which consists in adding fusel oil and castor oil
to acetate of amyl and non-hygroscopic solvents of pyroxyline and subsequently
depositing such solution on a previously heated or flexible sheet or article of
gelatine or other colloid, and drying it, as and for the purposes set forth.
9. The method of manufacturing a water-proof print or picture, or the like, which
consists in uniting the face or faces of a thin sheet of gelatine with a thin film or
coating of non-hygroscopic solution of pyroxyline, for the purposes set forth.
10. The method of manufacturing an indelible print or picture, or the like, which
consists in spreading or otherwise uniting the face of a sheet provided with a print
or picture or other decoration, with a thin film or coating of gelatine or other
colloid, desirably colored, and spreading or otherwise uniting the face or faces of
said coating of gelatine with a film or coating of non-hygroscopic solution of
pyroxyline, for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 21st day of November 1890.
ABRAHAM VAN WINKLE.
EDMUND NEVILLE TODD.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Safety Stirrup-bar.
We RICHARD JAMES KENBICK and WILLIAM SCILLEY both of Katunga in the
Colony of Victoria Agriculturalists do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to those attachments to riding saddles from which the
stirrup leathers are suspended and its object is to provide a simple contrivance which
will automatically release said stirrup leathers in the event of the rider being thrown
but which will remain closed under ordinary circumstances.
It consists essentially in the employment of a horizontal bar which is pivotted to a
bracket fixed to the tree of the saddle and is passed through a loop in the lower end
of a downwardly extending arın or short bar which is pivotted at its upper end
to the said bracket and is normally held in its vertical position by a flat spring
secured along the top of said bracket and arranged to bear upon the upper end of said
bar or arm so as to keep the loop on its lower end always in engagement with the
horizontal pivotted bar above referred to. A thin cross bar or guard is secured
behind the lower end of this vertical pivotted looped arm and bears against the
surface of the saddle flap, the stirrup leather being passed between said guard and
the horizontal pivotted bar above referred to. The different parts of our improved
safety stirrup bar are so arranged as that in the event of the rider being thrown
with one of his feet entangled in a stirrup his weight will pull backward the vertical
pivotted looped bar above mentioned and so release the stirrup strap thus disengaging
the rider and preventing his being dragged along the ground, as will be well under-
stood on reference to the accompanying drawing wherein,
Figure 1 is side elevation of our improved safety stirrup bar showing same in its
normal or closed position.
Figure 2, is a similar view with the parts in their open positions and the stirrup
strap in the act of being released, whilst,
Figure 3, is a horizontal section on line 3, 3, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of a saddle fitted with one of our improved safety
stirrup bars showing same with the stirrup and strap in their normal positions and
Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 4 but showing the stirrup and strap as if
they had just been released by our improved safety stirrup bar.
A represents the horizontal bar which according to our invention is pivotted at
its forward end as illustrated at a, to the bracket B fixed to the saddle tree in any
convenient manner whilst c', represents the loop formed in the lower end of the
arm or short bar C, which latter is pivotted at its upper end to the bracket Bas
illustrated at c². D represents a fat metal spring which is secured along the
top of the bracket B and is arranged to hear upon the end of the pivotted arm or
bar C so as to hold same in its normal position that is with the loop c', on its lower
end over the end of the horizontal pivotted bar A. E represents the thin cross-bar
or guard which is secured behind the lower end of the pivotted arm (so that
it bears against the surface of the saddle flap, whilst F represents the stirrup
strap which is passed around the pivotted horizontal stirrup bar A in front of the
guard E.
Under ordinary circumstances the different parts of our improved safety stirrup
bar occupy the positions indicated in Figure 1, that is the outer end of the pivotted
horizontal bar A, rests within the loop e¹ on the arm C thus enabling it to support
the weight of the rider as will be obvious. In the event of the horseman being
thrown with one of his feet entangled in one of the stirrups, the strap attacher
to said stirrup will be pulled backwards and downwards as indicated in Figures 2

page_text: and 5 and the result will be that the pivotted arm C will be forced back and will
release the end of the pivotted horizontal bar A which latter will then be free to turn
into the position indicated in said Figures 2 and 5 and will thereby release said strap
and disengage the rider as will be well understood by all persons skilled in the art
to which this invention relates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is,
The improved safety stirrup bar herein described consisting essentially of a hori-
zontal bar such as A-pivotted at its forward end to a bracket-such as B-fixed
to the tree of the saddle in combination with a looped pendant arm-such as C-
pivotted at its upper end to said bracket and kept in engagement with said bar
preferably by means of a spring-such as D-the whole being constructed and
arranged substantially as and for the purposes herein described and explained and-as-
illustrated in our drawings.
1 thị. Thind day of Novamber One thousand eight hundred and ninety.