Improvements in the Propulsion of Marine and Aerial Vessels.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 12th June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Propulsion of Marine and Aerial Vessels.
I, ALEXANDER VOGELSANG, of Tegernsee, Bavaria, Germany, at present
residing at the Manchester Hotel, in London, E.C. Designer of Ships' Propellers
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the propulsion of marine and aerial
vessels, and has for its object a better utilization of the energy of the fluid that
meets the vessel after it has received motion.
In order to carry out my invention 1 use one or more, preferably cylindrical,
casings of suitable material and open at each end, and attach them to the vessel to
be propelled in such a manner that their open euds are in line with the vessel's
motion, and that the fluid in which they are immersed and against which they
advance, can, as much as possible, unobstructedly enter them, no matter whether
the vessel's motion is a forward or a rearward motion.
The inner passage of the casing or tube should preferably be so constructed, that
its inlet no matter whether the vessel is propelled forward or sternward-should
be of larger cross-sectional area than the interior part towards which it should
gradually contract.
The action of the fluid passing through the casing or casings is as follows: "The
vessel is set in motion by any known method or device for propelling vessels, and
after having received such motion, the advance of the vessel will force the fluid
through such casing or casings, and by forcing it through the contracted passages
within the casings a great reaction-pressure is created in the vessel's favour of her
assumed motion."
In contradistinction to all other hydraulic methods heretofore known or applied,
I dispense with a pump or any other water- or fluid forcing machine, and simply
rely upon the vessel's momentum through the fluid to force the latter through the
casings.
The casings or tubes, whose outside diameters are preferably cylindrical for their
entire length, may be attached to the outside of the vessel in any well-known
manner and at the most suitable place or places, care being taken, that, in marine
vessels the casing or casings are well immersed in the water, and that their inlets
are as little as possible obstructed from receiving the water from the direction in
which the vessel is moving.
A casing or casings can also be placed within the vessel itself, providing a direct
passage exists from the outside fluid from a direction in which the vessel advances
towards the inlet of the casing, as well as a passage from the outlet of the casing
towards the outside fluid in an opposite direction of the vessel's motion.
Single screw vessels would be vastly benefited if casings, like those herein
described, were added on each side of the stern of the vessel.
Dated this 12th day of May 1894.

page_text: «mрrоvеменю ш ше гторитетов от латино ани дена
1, ALEXANDER VOGELSANG, of Tegernsee, Bavaria, Germany, Designer of
Ships' Propellers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the propulsion of marine and aerial
vessels, and has for its object a better utilization of the energy of the fluid that
meets a vessel after it has received motion; or in other words to utilize the work
accumulated in foot-lbs. in a moving body in water or in air by a reaction, method
which requires no direct application of machine power.
:
In order to carry out my invention, I connect, preferably with the outside
immersed portions of vessels hulls, one or more pipes, casings or tubes, of suitable
material, and which are comparatively short, and open at both ends of their length.
These pipes, tubes or casings should lie with their open ends in as straight a line
as possible with the vessels' intended motion so as to permit the fluid against, which
a vessel advances, when it has received motion, to readily enter such pipes, tubes,
or casings, and to be forced in a direct opposite direction to a vessel's motion.
The inner passages of such pipes, tubes or casings should always receive ja
gradual contraction in a direction opposite to the vessel's motion, and as the motion.
of a vessel is sometimes a forward one and at other times also, a sternward one, it
will be best to let the greatest contraction of the pipes, tubes or casings take place
in the middle of their inner passages, which may receive a form like a double-cone
with iulets and outlets of larger cross-sectional area as the inner parts of their
passages. In such a construction they would not only be available for a forward
motion of a vessel, but also for a sternward motion of such vessel. Such double-
conical shaped pipes would have another advantage over pipes whose inner passages
contract up to their outlets, as the latter would create large eddies in the
surrounding fluids at their outlets, while the double conical passages at the outlets
would not cause any disturbance whatever to the surrounding fluids.
In contradistinction to all hitherto applied processes of vessels propulsion, I
create a reaction-thrust, with my new process of attaching the described pipes,
tubes or casings, with marine-vessels well immersed in the water in which such
vessels float with the outside of their hull; in aerial vessels in the same manner,
with this difference that the fluid is the air in which an aerial vessel floats. But I
do not directly apply the machine-power, or any movable propeller connected with
such machine-power in order to produce a most powerful reaction, thrust in the
direct favour of vessels, which, however, have been set in motion by such machine
power connected with movable propellers, and preferably where the propellers
applied are screw propellers or paddle-wheels. My new process does not permit a
vessel to be set in motion from a state of rest, and it only comes into operation
after a vessel's inertia of rest has been overcome by the machine power in con-
nection with movable propellers working in the fluid in which a vessel floats.
After the inertia of rest of vessels has been overcome by the machine power and
movable propellers connected with such power, then, in order to keep the vessel in
motion, the machine power in connection with the propellers create a reaction-
thrust in favour of such vessels set in motion. This reaction-thrust is calculated in
the following manner:
If the weight of the mass of the fluid passing through a propeller, in pounds per
second, is
W, and if the sternward velocity imparted to it in relation to still
water, is = S, then the reaction-thrust which constitutes the propelling force

page_text: WS
g
is where 9.32.2 feet per second; and this reaction is perfectly independent
of the form of propelling apparatus, and therefore the same rule can also he
the
applied to my process of forcing fluids through the pipes and casing in a steroward
direction, after such, vessels have received metion in a certain direction.
WS
When a vessel is in full motion at a regular speed the reaction is always.
equal to its resistance; therefore, when the reaction-thrust can be increased in a.
vessel by the attached pipes, tubes or casings, which 1 apply as herein described,
then such a vessel is able to increase its speed in its direction of motion, because it-
can then balance a greater resistance in such direction.
"When the inertia of a vessel has been overcome by a machine power in
connection with movable propellers, then the vessel's accumulated momentum-.
energy in foot-lbs. is calculated by the following rule:
66
Multiply the weight of a vessel in motion in lbs. by the square of the velocity
of such vessel in feet per second, and divide by 64.4."
This accumulated work in foot-lbs. of a vessel in motion I utilize for carrying
out my new process of creating a reaction-thrust, in addition to the reaction-thrust
produced by the movable propellers in connection with the machine power.
The machine power and the movable propellers become so lightened in their
pressure, that their revolutions will become considerably increased per second, and
as the propellers through the assistance of the reaction thrust of my new process
would have less slip than before, their way in a direction of a vessels motion
would also be greater per second; in fact the machine power and applied propellers
will develope a far greater efficiency for both, than ever has been known
heretofore.
With such vessels which from their great weight and great speed of velocity
accumulate an immense working-energy in foot-lbs., the engines should turn as
many revolutions as possible and this may be accomplished by reducing the areas
of the propeller blades and paddle-floats; or in screw propellers especially by
reducing their diameter and by increasing their pitch.
I will now refer to the accompanying drawings, which will make my new process
better understood, and where sufficient means for effecting the described objects
are shown, and in which drawings the same letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 represents a stern part of a twin-screw vessel, where S is the vessel's.
hull of such part.
B, B are the screw propellers connected with the machine-power of the vessel
through the shafts W W on each side of the vessel.
In front of the propellers B, B, and under the shafts W, W, there are connected
with vessel's hull S, two pressure pipes, one on each side of such bull indicated
by A A.
The large arrows e e indicate the forward motion of vessel S; the smaller
arrows indicate the motion of the water when the vessel S has been set in
motion by screw propellers B B, through the inner passages of pipes A A, the
water entering them at a, a with the speed of the vessel in motion relative to
undisturbed water, which water is then forced by the momentum-energy of the
vessel in motion through the most contracted parts of the inner passages in AA
and marked with a greater acceleration as it entered the inlets of A A which
are a a, and it is then forced out of A. A through outlets 6 b, in the most opposite
direction of the vessel's motion indicated by arrows e e.
In a change of direction of S from a forward to a sternward motion of the
vessel, all its actions will also be reversed.
Figure 2 shows how the pipes or casings may be connected with a vessel's hull;
but any other well-known manner of such connections may also suffice.
In Figure 1, c c are cylindrical casings enveloping pipes or casings A A in order
to reduce friction, and did are braces in connection with A A and the hull S.

page_text: Figure 3 shows a pipe or tube of a single conical form, which may be applied for
a forward direction of a vessel only; unless it could by a mechanical contrivance
be turned in either directions if so required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
A new process of creating a reaction-thrust in favour of such vessels which
have already been set in motion by machine power in connection with movable
propellers, such reaction-thrust being produced by attaching to a vessel's outside
parts, well immersed in the fluid in which it floats, pipes, casings or tubes with con-
tractions of cross-sectional areas in their passages through them, and which require
no direct machine-power nor any inovable propeller in order to produce a reaction-
thrust. Substantially as herein set forth.
Dated the 4th day of March 1895.