Improved Method of Associating Veneers for the Manufacture of Circular and like shaped Articles therefrom.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st Sept., 1893-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of Associating Veneers for the Manufacture of
Circular and like shaped Articles therefrom..
I, CHRISTIAN WILHELM LUTHER, of Reval, Russia, Manufacturer of Wooden
Articles, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
The manufacture of pails, barrels, bowls, and other articles of a like character,
also bent chair backs and other curved pieces of built up veneers have been
accomplished by layers of veneers glued and laid one upon the other crosswise in
the direction of the fibre. The leaves so formed were then put between suitable
presses to shape them until the glue had set. When taken out of the press, these
bodies retained practically that form which the moulds gave them less the amount
they assumed by the contraction which took place during the drying operation.
If according to this method, bent surfaces had to be produced the moulds had
necessarily to have substantially the same form, which when put together in sections
approached a segment of a circle. In order to have produced bodies of a circular
or elliptical section very complicated moulds would have been required:
I overcome these difficulties by the following process:-
I employ say, three layers of veneers of equal strength, I glue two of these
together with their fibres in the same direction, whilst the third I glue down cross-
wise, and using a waterproof glue, I place these combined layers under a flat press.
After taking it out of the press to dry, it will commence to bend, and may with a
correct choice of the relative strength of veneers become cylindrical in form. The
reason for this is that the two layers of veneers the fibres of which are in the same
direction in drying will tend to contract in the same direction, and in doing so will.
overcome the resistance of the third veneer.
I do not confine myself to employ three layers of veneers as any number will
suffice, provided that the one series of layers develops sufficient tension to overcome
the resistance of the other.
The body thus formed cylindrical, respectively conical, or elliptical can be fixed
in its form by mechanical means for protecting it against moisture by means of the
watertight paint, or by means of metal bands, or otherwise.
In this manner, all sorts of cylindrical, conical, or elliptical bodies, such as pails,
barrels, coal scuttles, pipes, circular or elliptical shaped boxes may be made.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1892.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Christian Wilhelm Luther.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of Associating Veneers for the Manufacture of
Circular and like shaped Articles therefrom.
I, CHRISTIAN WILHELM LUTHER, of Reval, Russia, Manufacturer of Wooden
Articles, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The manufacture of pails, barrels, kegs, bowls, and other articles of a like
character, also bent chair backs, and other curved pieces of built up veneers, has
been accomplished by layers of veneer glued and laid one upon the other crosswise
in the direction of the fibre. The leaves so formed were then put between suitable

page_text: presses to shape them until the glue had set.
these
When taken out of the
press,
bodies retained practically that form which the moulds gave them, less the amount
they assumed by the contraction which took place during the drying operation.
If according to this method, bent surfaces had to be produced, the moulds had
necessarily to have substantially the form, which when put together in sections
approached a segment of a circle. In order to have produced bodies of a circular,
or elliptical section, very complicated moulds would have been required. I over-
come these difficulties by the following process:-
I employ, say, three layers of veneers of equal strength, I glue two of these
together with their fibres in the same direction, whilst the third glue down cross-
wise, using a waterproof glue composed of air dried caseine and lime made into a
paste and in the proportions of about 60% of the caseine, and 40% of slaked lime,
as referred to in my previous Patent No. 61042. place these combined layers
under a flat press, or between curved plates. After taking it out of the press
to dry, it, will commence to bend, and may with a correct choice of the relative
strength of veneers become cylindrical in form. The reason for this is, that the
two layers of veneers, the fibres of which are in the same direction in drying, will
tend to contract in the same direction, and in doing so overcome the resistance of
the third veneer and become curled into a cylindrical, or nearly cylindrical shape.
I do not confine myself to employ three layers of veneers, as any number will
suffice, provided that the one series of layers develops sufficient tension to overcome
the resistance of the other and produce the curl. The body thus formed cylindrical,
conical, or elliptical can be fixed in its form by mechanical means, metal edge
bands, or otherwise, and be protected against moisture by means of a watertight
paint, or glue, as aforesaid, and metal bands may be applied to the edges or other
parts to protect it from injury by rough usage, a waterproof paint being applied
for protection against moisture. In this manner, all sorts of cylindrical, conical,
or elliptical bodies, such as pails, barrels, kegs, coal scuttles, pipes, circular, or
elliptical shaped boxes may be made.
The casks, barrels, kegs, and like vessels made according to my invention by
reason of the layers of veneers being secured together by a waterproof glue, are
capable of holding liquid, or semi liquid bodies, and in such, as well as with those
so made to hold dry powdery, or other material, I purpose fixing heads of the same
kind of glued veneers in the ends and secure such heads in place by glue at the
edges, and by strips or rings of similarly combined layers of veneers within and
glued to the side of the vessel for each head to rest against, and other strips, or
rings above the head glued both to the head, and to the vessel to rigidly fix the
heads and to strengthen the ends of vessel, whether metallic edge rims be used,
or not.
The heads may be flat, or by pressure while wet they may be slightly dished.
If such vessels are required to be provided with holes for taps or closing corks, I
purpose drilling the necessary holes in the barrel portion, or in the heads, and
strengthen interiorily by several layers of veneers, or by thick pieces of wood
secured by rivets, or other modes of fastening.
The glue I purpose employing is made from a mixture of air dried caseine
and lime.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. Cross fibred wet union of layers of veneer by means of glue, in such a way
that in drying, the tension of certain layers will overcome that of the other, or
others, and thereby produce the circular, the curved, or an equivalent shaped body,
as set forth.
2. Arranging two adjoining veneers with their fibres in the same, and a third
with the fibres reversed or crosswise direction and glueing them together in that
order with a waterproof glue made by mixing air dried caseine and lime, as set

page_text: forth, so that after a pressing, they can assume a shape suitable for use as pails,
casks, boxes, and other articles of a similar character, as described.
3. The herein described method of making casks, barrels, kegs, bowls, boxes,
and other like cylindrical, elliptical, and conical shaped articles from veneers
arranged in the manner described and self bending whilst exposed and drying, the
edges, heads, and similar parts, as also the article itself being composed of veneer
glued by a waterproof glue in the manner set forth.
The 1st day of September 1892
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Christian Wilhelm Luther.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Christian Wilhelm Luther.