matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING YARN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Crossley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January. 1877.
EDWIN CROSSLEY, of the Firm of Messieurs John Crossley and Company, of
Halifax, in the County of York, Machine Maker. "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR WINDING YARN."
This Invention relates to an improved combination of mechanism for winding
yarn upon cards or card board, known as "mending yarn," and for self-actingly
stopping the machine when the required quantity of yarn has been wound upon the
card or cards.
According to one arrangement I employ a rotary spindle driven by an ordinary
cylinder, and having fast and loose pulleys. One end of the spindle carries a flyer.
The cards are carried by clips mounted upon a shaft, the latter being mounted upon
traversing bars operated by "heart" or other motion, so as to traverse the card that
the flyer will wind the yarn evenly over the yarn space thereof. The strap fork rod
is held in position (when the machine is at work) by a notched bar and spring.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The spindle is driven by cylinder as
described, and motion is communicated from the cylinder to gear wheels, and to the
"heart" shaft, whereby the traverse rails are operated, and the cards are traversed
across the line of delivery of yarn from the flyer; one of the gear wheels referred to
may be a change wheel, and carries one or more tumbler catches, which at each
revolution will act upon the notched bar referred to, and liberate the strap fork
lever, which will by means of a spring transfer the strap from the fast to the loose
pulley, and stop the machine.
Another arrangement is to mount the card or its holding clip upon the spindle, .
the card being caused to rotate, and the yarn is traversed by the "heart" and
traverse bars, so as to distribute the yarn upon the card, the stop motion referred
to being used in connection with the arrangement last described, so as to stop the
machine when the required quantity of yarn is upon the card.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, KNOWN AS COPYING PAPER, APPLICABLE for WRITING AND PRINTING ON
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Bardo at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1877.
FREDERIC BARDO, of Lower Norwood, in the County of Surrey.
"
IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, KNOWN AS COPYING PAPER, APPLICABLE for
WRITING AND PRINTING ON."
My Invention refers to the manufacture of paper capable of being used as a
copying paper, and at the same time of being used as a paper for writing or
printing on; also when used as a copying paper, the impressions produced resemble
ordinary writing, thus enabling press copies to be made from written documents,
resembling in appearance copies or documents made by the hand.
According to my Invention the paper is prepared preferably from new and old
linen and cotton rags, which are pulped in the ordinary way. During the pulping I
mix with the rags resinous soap and alum, at intervals, according to the quality or
nature of the material under treatment; and the proportions of the resinous soap
and alum vary; but, for example, to one hundredweight of pulp, a pound of
resinous soap; and pound of alum would be a suitable quantity; but I do not
limit myself to these proportions as they must be very materially varied according
to the work of the "stuff." In addition to the resinous soap and alum a small
quantity of ferrocyanide of zinc may be added. The pulp thus prepared is finished
in the machine in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING THE LIGHT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1877.
GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of 37, Thornsett Road, South Penge Park, Anerley.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING THE LIGHT IN RAILWAY AND
OTHER LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object an apparatus for extinguishing the light in
railway and other lamps, and consists of an extinguisher formed out of a piece of
metal or other suitable material into a convenient shape, and is fixed to or forms
part of a metal lever pendulum or rod of a form and length adapted to the necessities
of the case or the peculiarities of the lamp. This lever pendulum or rod in the case
of a railway lamp passes up the smoke passage or chimney, as described in my
Provisional Specification of the 30th June 1877, No. 2521, copy of which is annexed,
on the top of which smoke passage or chimney is a metal frame fitting the smoke
passage or chimney as may be found necessary. This pendulum or rod oscillates on
bearings or hinges or other suitable means connected with the frame, and can be put
in motion at will by the guard or by my "automatic apparatus" invented by me for
that and other purposes.
To the pendulum or rod a pall (or pawl) is attached, which at each oscillation of
the pendulum moves a rachet or other suitable wheel placed in a convenient position
on the frame, which wheel rotates to any required extent, regulated by the distance
of the cogs of the wheel from each other. A second pall prevents the wheel
revolving backwards.
On the side of the wheel or otherwise is a projection or pin, connected with or
forming part of the said wheel, which once in every revolution comes in contact
with an arm connected with the stop, which prevents the pendulum and consequently
the extinguisher going beyond a fixed point over the wick of the lamp, as in my
Invention of the 30th June 1877. Whenever this pin or projection comes round to
a certain point it comes in contact with the arm of the stop and raises it above a
metal shoulder on the pendulum, which metal shoulder when the stop is not raised
prevents the pendulum or rod, and consequently the extinguisher, going beyond the
point fixed for the partial extinguisher, but when raised by the pin or projection
coming in contact with the arm raises the stop and allows the shoulder to pass
LD 077

page_text: under the stop, and the pendulum or rod, and consequently the extinguisher, to pass
over the wick completely, thus putting the light out altogether.
The light may also be totally extinguished at will by means of the addition of a
second raised part on the rod, running on the top of the railway carriage described
in the aforesaid Patent of the 30th June 1877.
The apparatus in the smoke chimney first described herein may be arranged in
many ways, but as they cannot affect my sole right to the partial extinguisher in any
form, I need not enumerate them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jesse Haddock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877.
JESSE HADDOCK, of Radcliffe Bridge, in the County of Lancaster, Shuttle Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS"
My Invention relates to the shuttle tongue or skewer, and it consists in an
improved mode of constructing the same, whereby the cop may easily be put on
when the tongue is raised, and securely held when the tongue is in the shuttle.
I make the tongue of two parts, which are soldered together at the point, and
with a split hend, in one part of the split head is a slot, and in the other are holes
for the fulcrum pin which connects the skewer to the body of the shuttle to pass
though. Between the two parts of the tongue is a spring to force the parts
asunder. When the tongue is raised the two parts are pressed towards each other
by a pin acting on one part of the split head to allow the cop to be put on, and
when the tongue is m the shuttle the two parts are expanded by the spring to hold
the cop
The spring above referred to may be dispensed with by making the sides of the
tongue of a curved shape.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING ANNEALED AND ROLLED WIRE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzėslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1877.
"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents, of No. 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, in
the German Empire. AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING
ANNEALED AND ROLLED WIRE." [A communication by the Baroper Maschinenbau
Actien Gesellschaft, of Barop, in the German Empire.]
Annealed and rolled wire possesses a coating of black oxide and slag, which acts
very injuriously in the subsequent process of wire drawing, and which has hitherto
only been capable of removal by treatment in an acid bath. Now according to the
present Invention the removal of this coating is effectually accomplished without
use of any acid, by subjecting the wire to a shaking action in the presence of sand,
quartz, and pieces of porcelain and felspar, together with water. For this purpose a
long cylinder, which may be divided into two compartments by a transverse
partition, is mounted on trunnions at the middle of its length, at right angles to its
axis. Each end of the cylinder is provided with a removeable cover, through which
are introduced the hanks of wire to be cleaned, together with the above-named
cleansing materials, which together only partly fill the cylinder.
On rotating the cylinder on its trunnions by suitable gearing, the hanks of wire,
together with the cleansing materials, are caused to fall alternately from one end of
the cylinder or of the compartment thereof to the other, whereby the wire is
brought effectually into frictional contact with the cleansing materials. After about
three quarters of an hour the wire will be found to be perfectly cleansed from oxide,
when it is removed, washed, and dried.
By preference, three or more longitudinal rods are fixed in the cylinder, over
which the hanks of wire are threaded, so that on rotating the cylinder they
slide regularly up and down on the rods, and are thus prevented from getting
entangled.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Adam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the Sth March 1877.
ROBERT ADAM, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MOTOR."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved motor, depends for its action
upon the well-known law of the increase of pressure of a fluid jet as its velocity is
diminished.
The motor consists of a wheel or disc carried on a revolving shaft, and contained
within a closed casing in which it is free to rotate. The wheel or disc is formed at its
circumference with teeth, which are straight on one side and curved or inclined on
the opposite side. At a point in the circumference of the casing, between the
interior of which and the circumference of the wheel there is a clear or free space, a
nozzle of a small bore is situated longitudinally or approximately so, and this being
in connexion with a source of water supply at high pressure admits a small jet of
water at the bigh velocity corresponding to the pressure to the interior of the casing.
This jet of water after it escapes from the nozzle strikes (at a tangent or nearly so)
the straight side of the teeth in the circumference of the wheel or disc, and its
velocity becoming reduced it escapes by the outflow formed at an opposite point or
other part of the casing. The inclined or curved side of the teeth in the wheel or
disc enable it to rotate in the water with a minimum of retardation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Sturge Stove at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1877.
ALFRED STURGE STOVE, of Lerwick, in the Island of Shetland. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of water-luted
escape valve or trap for allowing the free outlet passage of illuminating gas as
produced in the retorts to the gas main or pipe leading to the purifiers or gas
holders, instead of the usual "hydraulic main" and curved or bent pipe at the top
of the retort, drawing, stand, or ascension pipe, and which dips into the water and
tar of the hydraulic main, which improved valve, it is considered, will be more safe
and convenient and easier kept clean than the appliances heretofore employed for
the said purpose; and the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in fitting a
large close annular or trap-shaped valve chest at the top of the gas ascension escape
pipe of each retort, having the upper end of the pipe projecting up in it some.
distance above the lower edge of the side branch for the escape of the gas from the
upper part of the chest, water being always kept in the lower annular part, into
which the lower open mouth or lip of an arched or domed light metal automatic
valve or stopper works over the upper projecting end of the escape pipe, and guided
by a light central rod projecting and working loosely up through a hood or sleeve
formed or fitted gas-tight on the close top or cover of the chest.
The valve might be made of strong tin plate or galvanized sheet iron, or of copper
or other metal, and counterbalanced by a weight and levers inside, or supported by
a hollow ring attached to its lower rim floating in the liquid always left in the
lower close annular space, as the slight difference of pressure of the gas inside the
retort and valve and on the outside within the leading-off main or pipes could only
raise the liquid in the annular space a little higher on the one side or the other of
the lower open mouth of the valve working in it, the excess of tar or liquid always
flowing away at the lower edge of the lateral branch, leading off the gas above,
which would escape freely over the top of the ascension pipe within the valve, and
out under its lower edge or lip when it was lifted near to or above the top level of

page_text: the liquid within the annular space by the pressure of the gas within the retort,
and close when the production and pressure of gas within the retort ceased, and so
prevent the entrance of air to the retort through it; and although this valve has
been mentioned as a substitute for the "hydraulic main," it is to be understood that
this may be used in conjunction with the valve, and fitted beyond it.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR ARTIFICIAL STONE OR MATERIAL ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1877.
WILLIAM HILI., of Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex, Builder. A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR ARTIFICIAL STONE OR MATERIAL ESPECIALLY SUITABLE
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES."
According to this Invention I produce a composition or material especially
suitable for flooring and other bricks, and for paving and roofing tiles, all as herein-
after described. For this purpose I employ Portland cement, ground gray line, fine
shingle or coarse sand, and a pigment or colouring material in or about the following
proportions:-1 of cement, 2 of lime, and two to four of shingle or sand. To this I
add the required pigment, and I then add water sufficient to make it into a thin
paste. The mould or moulds are then filled therewith, and in the course of some
hours the material becomes set, and in about a day the moulded articles are fit
for use.
The manufacture may be carried on independently of weather and seasons, and
the articles produced are not influenced by weather or frost.
By a suitable selection of pigment, such as Venetian red, when imitation red
bricks are desired, or chrome yellow or ochre, for imitation white bricks; any desired
color of imitation bricks or tiles can be produced; or instead of pigments acids or
other materials may be used for producing the desired color.
AN IMPROVED ARTICLE OF FURNITURE, SERVING AS SUPPORT, TABLE, OR BED FOR THE USE OF INFANTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Thomas Eastwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1877.
MICHAEL THOMAS EASTWOOD, of Ellesmere Port, in the County of Chester,
Schoolmaster. "AN IMPROVED ARTICLE OF FURNITURE, SERVING AS SUPPORT,
TABLE, OR BED FOR THE USE OF INFANTS."
This improved article of furniture consists of a square or other shaped box with
a loose bottom and top; the frame of the box is mounted on small rollers or castors;
the top is provided with a hole for the body of the infant to pass through, leaving
the head, arins, and shoulders above the level of the top, which serves as a table;
this table is surrounded by a ledge which prevents the infant's toys falling off.
The top can be removed and the infant can then be placed in the box, the sides
of which support the infant and prevent it falling as it attempts to walk round, or a
mattress can be placed in the box for the infant's bed.
The advantages of this article of furniture are that the infant when placed
therein can be left with safety; the infant can sit or stand without being tied or
fastened, and it cannot easily lose its toys, and that it will be assisted in learning
to walk without the possibility of dangerous falls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
A com-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1877.
inunication from abroad by Leverett Homer Olmsted, of Brooklyn, in the
State of New York; United States of America.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS." A com-
munication from abroad by Leverett Homer Olmsted, of Brooklyn, in the State of
New York, United States of America.
This Invention has for its object to supply a larger amount of air to lamps
having a small flame in order to prevent the smell and smoke caused by imperfect
combustion in such lamps.
The Invention is more particularly applicable to small night lamps for use in
sleeping apartments and rooms for the sick, but it may be applied to larger lamps.
The Invention consists in a combination with the screw cap of a lamp, or with the
wick tube, of shouldered fingers, of wire or light metal, for supporting the lamp
chimney which rests upon the shoulders of the fingers, the shoulders being placed at
or nearly at a level with the top of the wick tube to hold the bottom of the chimney
at a height permitting free access of air to the flame.
The supporting fingers may be secured to the screw cap, or to a flanged collar,
which is fitted to the screw cap, or they may form part of the wick tube. This
construction permits the flow of air directly to the flame without any obstruction
by perforated or reticulated plates, the feeble upward air current through the
chimney, generated by the low heat of a small flame being thus rendered sufficient
to supply the flame with enough oxygen to prevent the smoke and smell usually
resulting from the use of such lamps with kerosene, petroleum, or other oils,
which are liable to smoke in ordinary lamps, and it permits of the use of a very
low chimney.
A NEW METHOD OF PURIFYING WATER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1877. A communication from
Edward Bollig, Chemist, a person resident at Eisenach, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth & Company, Patent Agency, of Frank-
fort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "A NEW METHOD OF PURIFYING
WATER." A communication from Edward Bohlig, Chemist, a person resident at
Eisenach, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention relates to an improvement in the method of purifying water and
consists in the application of oxyd of magnesia, that is, basic carbonic magnesia,
which like lime purifies water from the following impurities even at an ordinary
temperature.
The impurities refered to are bicarbonate of magnesia, calcium, iron, silicious
and clayey earths, and such like. On mixing any of the above they immediately
turn very thick, but soon precipitate, and after having stood for some time the
water is perfectly clear.
The improved method has a great advantage over the lime method, inasmuch as
magnesia not being easily decomposed in water, it can be placed in the water-holder
a considerable time before the water is required; the superabundance precipitates,
enveloping the lime; this precipitation being repeated each time the water-holder is
filled with fresh water, and taking less time as it gets thick, and therefore falls
more rapidly.
In the lime method great care has to be taken that too much is not introduced,
or else the water is only charged with more impurities. The magnesia acts first in
absorbing that portion of the carbonic acid contained in the water which holds the
carbonate of lime and the maguesia also present in solution; these are thus
precipitated as simple carbonic salts.
The second and most important part now comes into operation, as the newly
formed simple carbonic magnesia overpowers the gypsum, and through repeated
precipitations, insoluble carbonate of lime and easily soluble sulphate of magnesia
are formed.

page_text: In the case of steam boilers, the easily soluble sulphate of magnesia which is
contained in the water has not the least injurious effect on the iron, but on the
contrary is beneficial, as on the water being boiled away the small quantity of
magnesia which would in the ordinary way become separated is in the improved
method prevented from becoming separated by the sulphate of magnesia, a solution
of which possesses the property of dissolving magnesia, and so remaining a liquid.
The iron is thus kept clean and free from rust. Moreover, the sulphate of magnesia,
produced by the combination of carbonate of magnesia and gypsum, has a beneficial
action on iron, removing any old boiler crust, at a pressure of about 3 atmospheres
and a proportionate temperature in the boiler.
In performing the Invention the magnesia is to be put directly into the water to
be purified and the mixture to be stirred. For steam boilers the water may be
pumped into a reservoir containing magnesia, or the magnesia be thrown into the
water reservoir.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR LUBRICATING WOOL AND OTHER TEXTILE FIBRES IN CARDING, SPINNING, AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Frederick Audsley and Henry
Pike at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1877.
HENRY FREDERICK AUDSLEY, of South Ossett, and HENRY PIKE, of Thornhill Lees,
near Dewsbury, both in the County of York. "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR
LUBRICATING WOOL AND OTHER TEXTILE FIBRES IN CARDING, SPINNING, AND
OTHER MACHINERY."
Our Invention relates to an improved composition which may be used, together
with certain quantities of oil, for lubricating wool and other textile fibres when
operated on in carding, spinning, and other machinery.
The following are the ingredients and method of making the composition, but we
would remark that we do not limit ourselves to the proportions named, as such may
be varied without departing from our Invention:-For, say 5 gallons of composition,
we boil, say, 4 lbs. of potatoes in 5 gallons of water until the potatoes are reduced
to a mash or pulp. We then press and strain the liquor from the same until free
from all sediment. We then add, say, 1 lb. of soap to the potato liquor, and boil it
again until thoroughly mixed together. The liquor is then strained again and run
into a cooler, and, say, one gallon of ammonia is added thereto. The composition is
then ready for use, and may be applied or mixed with oils in such quantity as will
suit the purpose required in the manufacture of woollen and other textile fibres.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS, APART- MENTS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND PLACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Smith Hannington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1877.
SMITH HANNINGTON, of Tonbridge Wells, in the County of Kent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS, APART-
MENTS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND
PLACES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means or apparatus
employed for the purpose of introducing a current of fresh warm or cold air into
the interior of a building, railway carriage, ship's. cabin, or other structure or place
for the purpose of ventilating the same. For this purpose I admit air to the interior
of a building, apartment, cabin, or other structure by means of a pipe or passage
which conducts the air from the outer atmosphere into the upper part of an enclosed
chamber constituting part of a cupboard, cabinet, sideboard, or any other piece of
furniture placed in the interior of the room, structure, or building to be ventilated.
In order to filter or purify the air it may be purified by passing through cotton,
wool, or other filtering or purifying materials in its passage into the air chamber,
from the lower part of which it is conducted by means of a pipe or passage to the
upper part of the cupboard, cabinet, sideboard, or other piece of furniture, from which
it passes into the interior of the building or apartment to be ventilated.
The air chamber is furnished with an air-tight door for the purpose of giving
access to the interior when required to renew the filtering materials or otherwise.
The air in its passage to the interior of the building may be heated if desired by
coming into contact with hot air or water pipes or chambers, or other means of
heating the same.
The pipe or passage for conducting the air into the interior of the building may
be arranged in combination with any piece of furniture contained therein, which is
caused to serve as a screen for covering the pipe or passage which conducts the
fresh air from the exterior to any part of the interior of the apartment, cabin,
railway carriage, or other place to be ventilated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION IN COLOURS OF VARIOUS ARTICLES MADE OF VARIOUS CLAYS, BUT MORE PARTICULARLY AS APPLIED TO BRICKS AND TILES USED FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lee at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 13th July 1877.
EDWARD LEE, of 8, Stafford Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION IN COLOURS OF VARIOUS ARTICLES MADE
OF VARIOUS CLAYS, BUT MORE PARTICULARLY AS APPLIED TO BRICKS AND TILES
USED FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES."
My Invention consists of the following process:-
The article to be ornamented, say, a brick, must be either in a wet or dry state,
that is, previous to the biscuit state. I then take a stencil plate, having cut on it
the desired pattern, or I form the pattern of several small stencil plates. Upon the
article I place a piece of tissue or other paper, upon which I apply the stencil plate;
then with a suitable brush I brush out the clay under the open portion of the
design or pattern to any required depth, thus producing a sunken pattern on
the article. I now roughly brush unto this sunken portion of the pattern the
requisite colours and remove the stencil plate. The article is then ready for
the kiln.
In some cases the articles may first be coated with the required ground colours
before applying the stencil plates and paper.
With some colours it may be found necessary to first coat the surface of the paper
used under the stencil plate with a substance known in the trade as "never
stick," such as burnt clay for instance, to prevent the colours fluxing where not
required.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PIERCING AND PERFORATING LEATHER AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1877.
"
WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist. "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PIERCING AND PERFORATING LEATHER AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
This Invention has for its object the piercing and perforating of leather used for
boots and shoes, and also for other purposes, and the improvements consist in the
employment of an oscillating cylinder with a rod or piston passing through both
ends, one end of which rod is attached to a crank or eccentric for giving the
required oscillation, and at the other end is the needle for piercing the leather The
varied length of stroke or distance apart of the holes pierced in the loather is
effected by the cylinder being moved either up or down by means of a lever or
other suitable instrument, the cylinder retaining its postion by catches or other
means attached to the lever A self-adjusting or spring platform is employed, upon
which the leather is placed to be pierced, a fixed foot or bracket is used for keeping
down the leather
Under the platform is an elastic cushion supported by an adjustable screw for
adjusting the platform to the various thicknesses of leather under operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Brownson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1877.
EDWIN BROWNSON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancastor, Sewing
Machine Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH SEWING
MACHINES."
My Invention relates, in the first place, to the treddles of sewing machines, and
has for its object to reduce the friction and noise arising from the working of such
treddles. To this end I make the gudgeons of the treddles of a scale beam form,
and I mount them within angular-shaped recesses formed in castings which are fixed
on a cross bar, or I form the said recesses in the treddles, or in parts attached
thereto, and I mount the treddles on fixed angular projections.
My Invention relates in the second place to the shuttles of sewing machines, and
particularly to the arrangements for imparting the requisite tension to the thread.
I fix a wire by one end to the shuttle, the other end being bent so as to enter a
recess formed in the end of the shuttle, or being otherwise so formed and arranged
as that the thread shall be retained on the wire when the shuttle is at work.
said wire is formed with a curl. To thread the shuttle the yarn proceeding from
the spool is brought over the end of the wire and the turn of thread is brought into
the said curl, the operation being repeated until the desired tension is obtained.
The
A remaining part of my Invention relates to the spool-winding apparatus of
sewing machines. The yarn from the bobbin passes around a sliding pulley or
warve on its way to the shuttle spool. The yarn passing partly around the said
pulley in one direction returns in the other direction so as to form a bight, through
which the yarn passes before proceeding to the said spool. This arrangement
imparts a tension to the yarn, and has a beneficial effect in other respects. To lay
the thread upon the said spool I employ a layer which is formed of sheet metal,
bent at an angle, or is otherwise formed with two surfaces, arranged at an angle.
This layer is placed upon the spool and is caused to exert a downward pressure
thereupon by a weight, which is suspended from the said layer. When in action
the said layer presses upon the coils of thread in two places in the circumference of
the spool. When the spool is sufficiently filled the layer leaves the said spool if the
angle of the said two surfaces be suitably determined.
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Isaac Tinkler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1877.
JOHN ISAAC TINKLER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates principally to the construction of the tappet chains
employed in looms for weaving for the purpose of actuating the treadles so as to
effect the rising and falling of the healds and consequent shedding of the warp
threads necessary to produce the pattern desired.
The chain is composed of a series of links threaded upon transverse rods or bolts,
the number of links on each row depending on the number of treadles and the
length of the chain depending upon the number of "changes to the round" required
to produce the pattern to be woven.
Each
I employ only two forms of tappet link, one for the "risers" and one for the
"fallers;" the former has a low flat curved surface and the latter a suitable "rise,"
with a "dwell" at the top. Each link is made with two lugs or eyes to thread it on
to the transverse rods, which act as hinges to the link, one lug being made single
and the other forked to embrace the single lug of the next link, and so on.
link has a deep notch or recess in the back to take on to longitudinal ribs or pro-
jections on the grooved roller, over which the tappet chain passes, and which gives
motion to the same. The roller is made with four longitudinal ribs and four grooves,
and is driven from the crank shaft by spur gearing at the speed of one to four, so
that at each revolution of the crank shaft the grooved roller makes one fourth of a
revolution and a fresh row of tappets is presented to the bowls of the treadles. The
treadles pass through a guide made in the form of a large comb or wraith," one
treadle being in each "dent," which keeps them steady and prevents the bowls from
getting out of the way of the tappets sideways. This open form of guide also allows
of the treadles being readily lifted and turned over out of the way when the tappet
chain is required to be changed.

page_text: The tappet chain is kept from being jerked forwards too far by passing it round
another similar grooved roller below, which keeps the chain at a proper tension and
prevents it from being thrown out of its proper place on the driving roller. The
lower roller is not driven but is simply pulled round by the movement of the tappet
chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMALL SHOT
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877 A communication
from abroad by Benjamin Fatham, of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturer.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents, of
67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SMALL SHOT." A communication from abroad by Benjamin
Fatham, of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer
This Invention consists in the combination in an apparatus for manufacturing
small or drop shot of a shield or cylinder with the usual dropping pan, said shield
or cylinder being closed at the top and open to the atmosphere at the bottom for
etaining heat and keeping currents of air from the outside sui faces of the pan ;
also in the combination of the dropping pan with a gas flame or other supply of
artificial heat for regulating and controlling the temperature of the metal in the
dropping pan; further, in the combination with the dropping pan of a gas flame or
other supply of artificial heat and of a shield or cylinder for retaining heat and
keeping currents of air from the outside surfaces of the dropping pan.
The improvements may be performed by making the various parts of metal.
The dropping pan rests upon the shield or cylinder, and is held at a sufficient
elevation above a reservoir of water.
On the outside of the pan is formed a flange which rests upon a rin or flange,
projecting inwardly from the upper edge of the cylinder. Both these flanges are
provided with openings, so that by turning the pan the opening in the flanges of
the cylinder can be opened or closed to suit circumstances.
Below the bottom of the dropping pan is situated a gas pipe bent so as to form a
circle, and provided with a number of small openings or burners, so arranged that
when the gas issuing from these burners is ignited the flames will play upon the
bottom of the pan.

page_text: The cylinder is provided with one or more transparent doors to enable the
workman to see and have access to the bottom of the pan.
The length and diameter of the cylinder may vary as circumstances may
require.
I have found that a diameter a little larger than the pan, and six feet long, answers
for ordinary size shot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Astbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1877.
WILLIAM HENRY ASTBURY, of Spittlegate, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for grinding
metallic and other surfaces.
At the present time the almost universal method of employing emery wheels
is for the operator to hold his work up to the wheel either by hand or mechanical
means. Now, according to my Invention, I make the wheel a portable machine,
and bring it into contact with the work which is fixed. I fix a line of light shafting
directly above the bench, and at intervals are keyed pulleys having V grooves, a
pulley over each vice. The emery wheel revolves on a short spindle provided with
a small V grooved pulley, and also a suitable handle or handles. Motion is given to
the emery wheel by means of an endless india-rubber band; the work is clamped
in the vice; or for heavy work the vice is not required. As a consequence of the
elasticity of the band the wheel can be brought up to any position on the surface
of the work, and it may be presented at any desired inclination. The spindle
carrying the wheel and pulley is easily manoeuvred by the workman, and is more
convenient than a fixed machine on account of its general adaptability to large and
uneven surfaces.
It may be advantageously used in sharpening the knives of reaping and mowing
machines; for many purposes also. it will take the place of the file, and thereby a
great saving is effected.
In place of employing an elastic driving band other gearing may be used to
actuate the portable grinding wheel
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING-OFF AND REMOVING THE ENDS OF PEGS IN BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1877.
communication from abroad by James Popham and James Linton, both of
Montreal, in the Province of Quebec, and Dominion of Canada.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING-OFF AND REMOVING THE
ENDS OF PEGS IN BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES." [A communication from
abroad by James Popham and James Linton, both of Montreal, in the Province of
Quebec, and Dominion of Canada.]
The Invention relates to an improved machine for breaking or cutting off the
projecting ends of pegs from the in-soles of boots and shoes, and consists of a grooved
cutter, of pyramidal or cylindrical shape, attached to the end of a rapidly revolving
shaft in connection with a protecting guard or casing.
The machine consists of a base or stand that supports pillars or bearings in which
a horizontal cutter shaft revolves. The shaft is revolved at great speed so as to
exert, by the cutting tools at the ends, more of a cutting than a breaking action.
The shaft is extended at both sides of the bearings, and provided with cutters at
both ends, one serving to cut off the pegs in shoes and gaiters, the other in long
boota. That end of the shaft which is used for cutting off the pegs in shoes of
all sizes is encased in a sheath, and has a cutter of pyramidal shape affixed to the
end.
The cutter has a series of grooves, forming wedges or blades, which cut off neatly
and cleaning the protruding ends of the pegs, close to the in-sole. A guard encloses
the base and apex of the cutter, leaving one side free, along which the sole is run,
so that as soon as the cutter reaches the in-sole, it cannot go deeper.
In cleaning lined work, the cutter is partially covered with a shield, so that the
lining is perfectly protected from the action of the teeth or blades of the cutter.
The cutter at the opposite end of the shaft serves to cut off the pegs of long boots,

page_text: and is for this purpose made cylindrical, with grooves and cutting blades at the
circumference for cleaning the peg ends from the sides instead of downward, and
with the pyramidal cutter. One and the same machine may thus be applied with-
out any special adjustment to every variety of pegged work, from children's ware
to the largest and strongest goods in men's sizes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barraclough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1877.
CHARLES BARRACLOUGH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates, firstly, to mechanism for actuating the jacquard cylinder,
and my improvements are as follows:-On the end of the jacquard cylinder is a
bevil wheel which gears with another bevil wheel mounted loosely on a short shaft
placed at right angles to the cylinder. To the last-mentioned bevil wheel is con-
nected a star wheel, between the notches of which enter the ends of a series of rods
provided with friction pullies. The rods are kept in position by slotted plates, and
also pass through holes in a plate or collar attached to another star wheel on the
horizontal shaft first mentioned. This last star wheel has rotation communicated to
it by peg wheel from one of the shafts of the loom. The effect of this apparatus is
that on motion being communicated to the star wheel last mentioned it operates the
rods which transmit their motion to the jacquard cylinder. Also when the loom is
stationery the jacquard cylinder can be turned by hand, the rods being kept in
position by springs which give way on the application of sufficient force.
My improvements relate, secondly, to a letting off motion which is regulated by
the diameter of the warp beam. A lever is mounted on a horizontal shaft or stud,
so that its end rests against the warp beam. On the same shaft is another lever
arm which operates a bell-crank lever, and causes the same to slide the weight on
the weight lever nearer to the fulcrum of the said lever as the diameter of the warp
beam decreases. A counterbalance weight may be employed to assist in overcoming
the friction and facilitate the sliding of the weight.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN VALVE MOTION AND REVERSING GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lowe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1877.
WILLIAM LOWE, of Stafford Street, New Brompton, Chatham, Engineer "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN VALVE MOTION AND REVERSING GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER
ENGINES"
My Invention consists in improvements in valve motion and reversing gear for
steam and other engines On the crank shaft is an eccentric with the same throw
as the valve lias lap and lead, this eccentric is so placed that its centies are in the
same plane as the centres of the crank shaft, crank pin, and centre of cylinder when
they are in a plane, but the centre of the eccentric is placed on the opposite side of
the centre of the crank shaft to that on which the centre of the crank pin is on, this
eccentric is a strap with a link fastened to it, in this link is a block which caries
one end of the valve spindle connecting rod, a point in this link is controlled by
guides so as to give the valve the desired motion
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR GETTING COAL, STONE, ORES, OR OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Israel Knowles, of Ince, near Wigan, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR GETTING COAL, STONE, ORES, OR OTHER
MINERALS."
Sealed the 25th January 1878, and dated the 15th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Israel Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1877.
ISRAEL KNOWLES, of Ince, near Wigan, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR GETTING
COAL, STONE, ORES, OR OTHER MINERALS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a ready means of breaking down
masses of coal or other minerals by means of wedges, which are forced into holes
previously bored or drilled therein, and the Invention consists principally in the
employment for that purpose of hydraulic pressure for forcing in the said wedges
in lieu of driving them in by hand by means of hammers.
The wedge to be driven is attached to the plunger of a hydraulic cylinder, and the
forward end of the said wedge is placed within a sheath, which is split longitudinally,
forming, as it were, two clips which embrace the wedge. The rear ends of these
clips are provided with lugs or projections, by means of which they are attached by
rods to a cross head, to which also the hydraulic cylinder is fixed.
The wedge, enclosed in the split sheath, being placed in the hole previously
drilled, water is forced (by a portable force pump) into the hydraulic cylinder
behind the plunger, and the wedge is thus thrust forward, separating or expanding
the two clips, which remain stationary, thus splitting and breaking down the
superincumbent mass of coal or other mineral without the necessity for blasting
with gunpowder, dynamite, or other explosive substance.
MENTS IN RAILWAY WAGONS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Johnstone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1877.
JOHN JOHNSTONE, of Dunmanway, in the County of Cork, Ireland.
MENTS IN RAILWAY WAGONS."
"IMPROVE-
The object of the Invention is to arrange the parts of railway wagons so as to
facilitate the use of the same wagons at one time for the conveyance of goods, and
at another for the conveyance of cattle. For this purpose I provide each of such
wagons with moveable flooring battens; these battens may be made of oak of the
usual dimensions, framed together by iron plates, or of other suitable material.
These frames are hinged to the bottom or lower part of the wagon, so as to be
readily laid on to the flooring of the wagon when the wagon is intended for the
time to convey cattle, and when the wagon is for the time to be used for the con-
veyance of goods or merchandise those frames are turned up against the opposito
ends or other parts of the wagon.
These frames of battens may be in two parts, meeting together when folded down
on the wagon floor, and held by a simple screw and staple, or bolt, or they may be
formed in other number of parts.
By these means, amongst other advantages, the same wagons may be used for the
conveyance of either cattle or goods at a very short notice.
Increased facility is also afforded for the cleansing of the floors of the wagons, as
well as for the repairs of broken bottom boards.