Improvements in Lock-nuts.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left 9th Apr.: 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lock-nuts.
I, JOHN PEARSON; of 8 Broom Avenue, Levenshulme, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as.
follows:-
1
This invention relates to lock-nuts, its object being to produce an effective lock
at a small cost.
According to these improvements I construct the nut with a conical recess.
around the eye on the inner face, and arrange a cone upon the bolt adapted to fit.
within the recess in the nut. The cone should fit freely upon the bolt and
it
may
be either split longitudinally or not, according to the purpose for which the
bolt is to be used.
In use, the cone is first fitted upon the bolt, and the nut is then screwed up.
Dated this 14th day of December A.D. 1891.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lock-nuts.
1, JOHN PEARSON of 8 Broom Avenue, Levenshulme in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to lock-nuts for screw bolts, and its object. is to produce a
safe and effective lock-nut of simple construction at a low cost.
According to these improvements I construct the lock nut with a conical recess
around the eye on the inner face, and arrange a cone upon the bolt adapted to fit.
upon the bolt stem and within the recess of the nut. The cone is preferred to be
slit so as to enable it to be compressed upon and grip the bolt stem in the act of
screwing up the nut, and if not slit it is preferred to have a flanged or broadened
base which may act as a washer, the conical part in that case being firmly seized
by the nut when screwed up. This lock nut may be readily screwed up and
removed with a single spanner without injury to the threads of the nut or bolt,
and when in use cannot be displaced by any amount of vibration to which it may
be subjected.
:
I will more particularly describe my said invention with reference to the accom
panying drawings, in the several figures of which similar letters are employed to..
denote similar parts, when they are indicated. In these drawings-
Figure 1 is a side view of a bolt having the lock-nut thereon;
Figure 2 is a similar view with the lock-nut in section ;
Figure 3 an elevation of the cone represented in Figures and 2;
Figure 4 a vertical section of the cone;
Figure 5 a vertical section of the application of the lock-nut to a railway!
joint.
Figure 6 an elevation and plan respectively of the nut alone;
Figure 7 an elevation of a flanged cone having a single slit ;
Figure 8 a vertical section of a flanged cone having more than one partial
slit and.

page_text: Figure 9 an elevation of a flanged, cone having no slit therein.
A is the bolt B the conically recessed nut; C the cone; D the slit or slits in
the wall of the cone; E the flange which is in some cases formed at the base of the
cone; F, (Figure 5) a rail; .and G the fish plates.
The angle included in the conical recess in the inner face of the nut may con-
veniently be about thirty-five degrees, whilst the angle included in the slit cone
may be about five or six degrees greater than the angle in the recess, as indicated
by Figure 2. When the cone is not slit, the angles of the cone and of the recess
may be more nearly equal.
Generally, the construction of the cone illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,
is preferred to be used. This is simply the frustrum of a cone bored to fit freely
upon the bolt, and having a single vertical slit D. When however it is desired to
have a larger bearing surface upon the fish plate or other article upon which
the lock-nut is applied, the cone may have a flange I formed upon it as represented
by Figure 7.
The application of the ordinary form of the lock nut is illustrated by Figure 5,
where F is a steel or iron rail and G are the fish plates. The bolt A having been
inserted, the cone C is placed thereon with its base in. contact with the fish
plate, the nut B is then screwed up firmly so as to include the greater part of the
cone within the recess.
The slit cone is made of rather larger diameter than the recess, and consequently
when the nut is screwed up, the cone is firmly compressed and seizes upon the bolt
whilst at the same time, the nut seizes upon the cone. The action between the nut
and the cone thus resembles that of the two parts of an ordinary cone clutch
commonly used in machinery.
The slits D may be carried right through the whole depth of the cone when
there is only one slit in a cone, but when there are more than one slit, they are
stopped at a short distance from one end of the cone so as not to separate it into
two or, more parts. This is illustrated by Figure 8 where four slits are supposed
to be made, stopping short at the flange L.
Such a width is given to the slit or slits as will permit the required compression
upon the stem of the bolt; but it will be generally found that a width of about two
millimeters will suffice. In each case the slits are shewn as being formed
vertically, and this is the most convenient direction for them to take in practice,
but it will be obvious that they may be formed at an angle or spirally.
When the cone is used without a slit, I prefer to form it with a broadened base
or flange as at E, Figure 9, for the reason that since the cone cannot be greatly
compressed upon the stein of the bolt, a sufficiently large friction surface may be
obtained for the cone to prevent its turning under vibration. I desire it to be
understood that I do not use this forin of cone except in cases where the amount of
vibration to which it will be subjected when in use, is small in amount.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A lock-nut for bolts, consisting of a conically recessed nut and a cone adapted
to fit on the stem of the bolt and within the recess of the nut; substantially as herein-
before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. A lock-nut for bolts consisting of a conically recessed nut and a slit cone
adapted to fit upon the bolt and within the nut recess, the cone having a larger
diameter than the recess; substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated
by the accompanying drawings.
3. In a lock nut the combination with a conically recessed nut, of a larger cone
approximately fitting therein and bored for the reception of the bolt stem;
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying,
drawings.

page_text: 4. In a lock-nut, a slit cone bored to fit upon the stem of the bolt and arranged
to be compressed thereon by a conical recess in the nut; substantially as herein-
before described.
Dated in 7th day of Anil A D 1892
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant..