Year: 1899

page_text: I, JOSEPH CHARLES EUGENE MATHIEU, (commonly called Eugène Mathieu,) of
31, Avenue Parmentier, Paris, in the French Republic, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in the cooling devices of
explosion engines.
Heretofore such engines have been cooled in various ways, such as by a ventilat-
ing fan actuated by the engine itself and so arranged that the current of air pro-
duced first cools the bottom and its accessories, such as the valves, igniting
devices, etc., that is to say, those parts which require to be most intensely sub-
jected to cooling: or longitudinal transverse and radial fins formed on different
parts of the engine have been employed.
Also jackets surrounding the engine have been used, terminating in a dome,
and taking air as their charge, where engines for motor vehicles are in question,
so as to utilise the air current produced by the motion of the vehicle, for cooling
the motor without any power being expended.
According to my invention I utilise the above arrangements and I combine and
improve them in the manner described hereafter.
Whenever it has been intended to cool a motor by means of a ventilating fan.
such fan, according to my knowledge, has always been so placed that its axis and
that of the cylinder coincide; and in the case of a motor with two cylinder it
has been the practice to place the ventilator in the middle of the lines of the
centres connecting the axes of the two cylinders.
This position however is defective, because it is not possible to derive from the
fan the whole useful effect, which it is capable of producing, as the parts requir-
ing the most cooling are not enabled to come directly into the zone of the greatest
air current.
The first point of my invention is to so place the fan that the parts which
require the greatest cooling are placed in the zone of the highest effect. For
this purpose I make the axis of the fan eccentric relatively to the plane of the
axes of the cylinders and I preferably place the axis of the fan below this plane
on account of the rising movement of the more or less heated air and in order that
it will just impinge against those parts which are required to be cooled most.
I may also place the bottom end or parts before described out of centre
relatively to the axes of the cylinders in order to place them in the most
effectual zone on the fan. This displacement may be combined with the displace-
ment of the fan. for instance the axis of the fan may be below the plane of
the axes of the evlinders and the bottom ends above this plane.
Another means for better utilising the cooling effect of the air current produced
by the ventilator consists in arranging the exhaust and admission valves as well
as the igniting devices in steps in succession so that the whole of these parts are
located directly and immediately in the zone of highest cooling effect.

page_text: The new arrangements which I make with regard to the application of the
cooling fins with the object of utilising to the best possible effect the cooling
action of atmospheric air-whether the air currents be produced by a fan or in
case of a motor vehicle by the movement of same are as follows:
The bottom ends or parts are cooled by superposed horizontal fins or blades
cast in one piece with the body of the bottom ends. The blades thus arranged
maintain the cooling air current in its horizontal direction by preventing the
same from rising under the effect of differences in density due to its heating
and convey the same toward the cylinders the fins or blades of which are arranged
radially in a longitudinal direction.
When two (or a larger number of) cylinders are in question I arrange the
radial fins or blades only upon one half of the outer periphery of the outer
cylinders the other blades being vertical and parallel to each other and of a
gradually increasing length and thickness in order to compensate for the reduction
of their number in proportion as they approach the median plane of the two
adjacent cylinders.
.
At the same time I leave between the two adjacent cylinders a free space so
as to enable the cooling air to circulate over the whole height between the two
adjacent blades and so that the cooling may be as intense at this place as at the
other points and that consequently the cylinders may not become deformed by
reason of unequal expansion of their walls.
I also surround the cylinders with a jacket either totally or partly said jacket
being furnished with louvre shutters formed as a succession of cones so as to
conduct the current of air coming from the bottom ends to the fins of said cylinder.
The application of this jacket is especially advantageous for motor vehicles and
particularly in cold weather and high wind.
Another point of my invention consists in casting in one piece with the bottom
and its fins or blades a chamber or passage wherein I arrange all or a portion of
the mechanisms or parts which effect the atomisation or evaporation of the hydro-
carbons so as to utilise the reduction of the temperature resulting from the
evaporation in order to reduce that of the bottom parts.
As it is especially the exhaust valves and their bearings which are required to
he well cooled I also cast in one piece with the bottom and the blades or flanges,
the ports or conduits for the exhaust and the valve boxes.
I may remark that without casting the chamber in one piece with the bottom
and the fins or blades, the same may be so inserted that its proximity to the
parts to be cooled permits of efficiently utilising the cold produced by the
evaporation of the hydrocarbons.
In very many cases and in applying the whole arrangement of the devices just
described, it will be possible to work the fan only momentarily, and in other
cases it may be even entirely dispensed with.
Dated the 18th day of May 1800
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London,
For the Applicant.
I. JOSEPH CHARLES EUGÈNE MATHIEU, (commonly called Eugène Mathieu.) of
31. Avenue Parmentier, Paris, in the French Republic, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in the cooling devices of
explosion engines.
Heretofore such engines have been cooled in various ways such as by a
ventilating fan actuated by the engine itself and so arranged, that the current of
air produced, first cools the bottom or end and its accessories, such as the valves,
igniting devices etc. that is to say those parts which require to be most intensely
subjected to cooling or longitudinal, transverse and radial fins formed on different
parts of the engine have been employed.
Also jackets surrounding the engine have been used, terminating in a dome and
taking air into the latter, when engines for motor vehicles are in question, so as
to utilise the air current produced by the motion of the vehicle, for cooling the
motor without any power being expended.
According to my invention I utilise the above arrangements and I combine and
improve them in the manner described hereafter.
I will first describe my invention as applied to an explosion engine with two-
horizontal cylinders, placed side by side and adapted for motor vehicles.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is an end view showing the bottom or end piece of a two cylinder
engine embodying my invention. The shaft of the ventilating fan is cut through
and the fan itself is supposed to be removed. The fins or flanges of the cylinder
are not represented.
Fig. 2 is a section on the broken line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation in which the cylinders of the motor are enclosed in a
jacket of a special construction, indicated diagrammatically.
Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the cylinders serving to show the arrangement
of the longitudinal fins or flanges of the cylinders; all accessories of the bottom
pieces or ends being omitted.
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4 and shewing. a modification.
Whenever it has been intended to cool a motor by means of a ventilating fan,
such fan, according to my knowledge, has always been so placed that its axis and
that of the cylinder coincide: and in the case of a motor with two cylinders it
has been the practice to place the ventilating fan in the middle of the line of
the centres connecting the axes of the two cylinders. Thus in Figs. 1. 4 and 5
this would be the point a which would mark the position of the axis of the
ventilating fan.
This position however is defective, because it is not possible to derive from the
fan the whole useful effect, which it is capable of producing, as the ports requir-
ing the most cooling are not enabled to come directly into the-zone of the greatest
air current.
The first point of my invention is to so place the fan that the parts which
require the greatest cooling are placed in the zone of the highest effect. For
this purpose I make the axis of the fan eccentric relatively to the plane of the
axes of the cylinders and I preferably place the axis of the fan below this plane
on account of the rising movement of the more or less heated air and in order that
it will just impinge against those parts, which are required to be cooled most.
This position of the axis of the fan is represented in the various figures of the
drawing.
I may also as indicated in Fig. 5, place the bottom. end, or parts before de-
scribed out of centre relatively to the axes of the cylinders in order to place them
in the most effectual zone of the fan. This displacement may be combined
with the displacement of the fan. for instance the axis of the fan may be below
the plane of the axes of the cylinders and the bottom, ends, or the like above this
plane.
Another means for better utilising the cooling effect of the air current produced
by the ventilating fan consists in arranging the exhaust and admission valves as

page_text: well as the igniting devices in steps.. in succession, so that the whole of these
parts are located directly and immediately in the zone of highest cooling effect.
The new arrangements which I make with regard to the application of cooling
fins with the object of utilising to the best possible effect the cooling action of
atmospheric air, whether the air currents be produced by a fan or in case of a
motor vehicle, by the movement of same, are as follows:-
The bottom, ends, or parts (Figs. 1, 2, 3) are cooled by exterior horizontal
fins or blades cast in one piece with the body of the bottom or end piece. The
blades thus arranged maintain the cooling air current in its horizontal direction:
by preventing the same from rising under the effect of differences in density due
to its heating, and convey the same toward the cylinders, the fins or blades c
of which are arranged radially in a longitudinal direction as indicated in Fig. 3
as well as in Figs. 4 and 5.
When two (or a larger number) of cylinders are in question, I arrange the
radial fins or blades only upon one half of the outer periphery of the outermost
cylinders, as is clearly indicated in Figs. 4 and 5, whereas the other blades are
vertical and parallel to each other and of a gradually increasing length and (if
desired) thickness, in order to compensate for the reduction of their number in
proportion as they approach the median plane of the two adjacent cylinders.
At the same time I leave between the two adjacent cylinders a free space d
(Figs. 2, 4 and 5) so as to enable the cooling air to circulate over the whole height
between the two adjacent blades etc. and so that the cooling may be as intense
at this place as at the other points and that, consequently, the cylinders may not
become deformed by reason of unequal expansion of their walls.
In all figures f designates the axis or shaft of the ventilator; g the bottom or
end parts: and the cylinders.
I may also surround the cylinders with a jacket & either totally or partly, said
jacket being furnished with louvre blades formed as a succession of cones, so as
to conduct the current of air coming from the bottom or end parts or from other
points to the fins of said cylinder. The application of this jacket is especially
advantageous for motor vehicles and particularly in cold weather and high wind.
Another point of my invention consists in casting in one piece with the bottom
or end part and its fins or blades, a chamber or passage wherein I arrange all or
a portion of the mechanisms or parts which effect the atomisation or evaporation
of the hydrocarbons, so as to utilise the reduction of the temperature resulting
from the evaporation, in order to reduce that of the bottom or end parts. The
device is represented in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in which m designate this channel or
tubular chainber.
As it is especially the exhaust valves and their bearings which are required to
be well cooled, I also cast in one piece with the bottom or end part and the
blades or flanges; the ports or conduits for the exhaust (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and
the valve boxes p.
I may remark that, without casting the chamber m in one piece with the
bottom or end parts and the fius or blades, the same may be so inserted, that its
proximity to the parts to be cooled permits of efficiently utilising the cold pro-
duced by the evaporation of the hydrocarbons.
In very many cases, and in applying the whole arrangement of the devices just
described, it will be possible to work the fan only momentarily, and in other
eases, it may be even entirely dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an explosion engine or the like the employment of a cooling fan so
arranged that its axis is out of centre relatively to the plane of the cylinder
axes, substantially as shewn and for the purpose described.
2. In an explosion engine or the like the employment of a fan, the shaft or

page_text: axis of which is placed below the plane of axes of the cylinders substantially as
shewn and for the purpose described.
3. In an explosion engine or the like the employment of end pieces placed above
the plane of the cylinder axes, substantially as shewn and for the purpose
described.
4. In an explosion engine or the like the employment with the cylinder end
pieces arranged as shewn, of cooling fins or plates arranged horizontally, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
5. In an explosion engine or the like the employment with the cylinders of
same of longitudinal, radial fins or plates, upon one half of the outer periphery
of the outermost cylinders where two are placed side by side and of parallel
vertical fins or plates upon the other parts substantially as shewn and for the
purpose described.
6. In an explosion engine or the like the employment with the cylinders of
same where two are employed, of vertical fins or plates increasing in length and
in thickness toward the junction of the two cylinders the latter being separated
from one another by a space, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
7. In an explosion engine or the like the employment of a jacket or cover for
conducting the air current, provided with louvre blades or plates formed in
cones; substantially as shewn and for the purpose specified.
.
8. In an explosion engine or the like the employment of a chamber m in the
bottom or end part of the cylinders containing all or a portion of the atomising
parts, said chamber being provided with fins or plates and being placed in
proximity to those parts requiring to be cooled, substantially as shewn and for
the purpose described.
9. In an explosion engine or the like the employment of a bottom, end, or
part formed in one with a chamber containing all or a portion of the atomising
parts, the exhaust ports and the bearings for the exhaust valves, the whole pro-
vided with fins or flanges forming a conducting means between the said chamber,
the ports and the like, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dotad this 28th of January 1900
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.