Improvements in or relating to Explosion-engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st May, 1896-Accepted, 6th June, 1896-
Improvements in or relating to Explosion-engines.
A communication from LA SOCIÉTÉ JUSTIN LANDRY and GABRIEL BEYROUX,
of 42 Bd. Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineers.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to a new system of gas or oil motors.
An example
of an engine constructed according to this invention is represented as a whole and
in essential details in the accompanying drawings, wherein
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the whole motor.
Fig. 2 a side vertical section on the line X Y of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a plan, partly in section on the line X' Y¹ of the Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a view partly in section on the line X2 Y2 of Fig. 3.
Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams showing details of parts of the governor, in front
elevation in Fig. 5 and in side elevation in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 represents schematically in elevation two motors on this system combined
and placed on the same base-frame, the same arrangement being represented in
plan in Fig. 8.
This new motor operates in a four-stroke cycle, of suction, compression, explosion
and exhaust; its mode of working is therefore the same as that of all the usual
four-stroke cycle motors; it is chiefly characterised by the special construction of
its valve chest A, its cylinder B and the base-frame C, that special construction
being hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
of
The valve chest A, arranged at the top, forms the cover of the cylinder B, has
a circulating chamber G for water and carries the exhaust valve s, mixture
admission valves and valve for admitting gas or carburetted air, also an
igniting device D, which may be of any construction either electric or with an
incandescent tube; the exhaust passage E which is in communication by way of
the lower end E¹ of a tube F with an expansion chamber U made in the base-frame C
with a small outlet at the bottom E"; the valve s controls the branches k k' for
the admission of gas or carburetted air to the valve s' with which it is connected by
a passage K"; the valve a controls the exhaust branch E; the seats
these valves are detachable in order to facilitate their inspection and cleaning.
The cylinder B, in which moves the piston P, is surrounded by a chamber H for
containing circulating water, which chamber is a continuation of the chamber G
of the valve chest A, the inlet for water being by the pipe G₁ (Fig. 1) on the
cylinder B, whereas the outlet is by the pipe G" on the valve-chest A; besides
the lubricators 1 1, the cylinder B carries guides J and J for push-rods 1 and 2
the first of which operates the exhaust, being driven by means of cams K K¹,
while the second 2 drives the admission valve for gas by means of a lever L,
operated by a cam K"; these cams K K¹ K" revolve on a stud M, secured in a
boss on the wall of the cylinder B and are united to a toothed wheel O, rotating
on the same stud M and receiving a continuous rotary motion through the
pinions QQ, keyed on the vertical shaft N, which is driven by a pinion Qu
keyed on the crank shaft S which carries also the fly-wheel V.

page_text: The vertical shaft N carries a centrifugal governor R, the construction and
function of which are described later on.
The base-frame C, the shape and size of which may of course vary according
to circumstances, is cast with bearings T T for the crank-shaft S; it is besides
provided with a recess T for the passage of the big-end and of the crank and has
formed in its interior, as has been already explained, an expansion chamber U for
the reception of gases, coming from the cylinder B, and a second chamber U' with
open walls for receiving the accessories, such as bobbins, batteries etc.
These three principal parts, valve-chest A, cylinder B and base-frame Chave
their horizontal corresponding faces A B and B C¹ formed with recesses and
projections, so that when placed together, they form a rebated joint and are at once
in exactly correct and central position owing to these recesses and projections so
that the erection of the engine is considerably facilitated.
These three parts A, B, C when fitted up in this way and made fast with screw-
bolts or studs, form practically one piece which is very rigid.
As mentioned before, there are arranged on the shaft M three cams K K¹ K",
the two first ones K K' being intended to operate the rod 1, actuating the exhaust;
of these two cams K K', the cam K operates the push-rod 1 regularly, i.e. con-
tinuously during the working of the motor, while K', which is arranged at 180°
relatively to the cam K, operates only for starting the motor; for this purpose
this cam K' is combined with a bracket with a roller a, which is in one piece with
a sleeve a¹, which can turn round the rod 1 and occupy on the said rod two
positions; in the first position (represented in Fig. 1) the roller of the bracket a
of the sleeve a' is out of contact with the cam K', the motor working and the
rod 1 being operated only by the cam K; in the second position (represented in
Fig. 2) the roller of the bracket a of the sleeve a¹ is brought in contact with the
cam K, the motor having to be started and the rod 1 in order to facilitate starting,
being operated first by the principal exhaust cam K and then by the secondary
exhaust cam K', the result of this being to considerably diminish compression and
to facilitate the starting of the engine; the cam K serves also for providing
contact with the contact spring for the current of the battery.
In order, therefore, to start the motor the sleeve a is placed in the position
shown in Figure 2, and as soon as the motor is properly started, the said sleeve a
is brought back to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1.
The working of this motor is regulated by a centrifugal governor R, the balance-
weights of which are respectively fixed to the extremity of bell-crank levers b b₁,
pivoted to lugs c c on the body of the governor; the extremities of these levers
opposite to those to which the weights are attached are placed in recesses in a
slide d and transmit motion to this slide and consequently to the lever e connected
to this slide; with increase of speed the weights move out of their position, the
slide d is raised and moves the lever e.
The end of the said lever e is arranged under a tooth g of a disc h, which can
revolve at the end of the lever L and which is normally retracted by a spring
into the position corresponding to the position in which its tooth i is under the
rod 2.
The disc h moves with the lever L in its vertical movements, which are caused
by the cam K; in the drawing, the said disc is represented as if turned by the
extremity of the lever e of the governor, from its working position in which
position its tooth i would be under the rod 2.
As long as the governor R does not act, the disc h remains in the position given
to it by a spring j, going up and down and operating the rod 2 actuating the
valves and producing explosions in the motor.
When the governor R acts, then the end f of the lever e comes under the tooth g
and by turning the disc h from its working position, into which the spring tends
to bring it, prevents said tooth i from operating on the rod 2 so that the valve s
not being any more lifted, no explosion takes place in the motor.
As shown in the drawings in Figs. 7 and 8 as an example, in order to get a

page_text: more powerful motor, two or more cylinders B of the special type described
above are combined and coupled on a single bed-plate C, common to all the said
cylinders B.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. The combination and joining by rebate joint of the three principal parts of
the motor valve-chest A cylinder B and bed-plate C the valve-chest with a water-
circulation chamber comprising the three valves for working the motor and the
valve-chest affording a cover for the cylinder B and the bed C containing the
expansion chamber V for the exhaust gases, substantially as described.
2. The combination with the rod 1 actuating the exhaust valves of the movable
sleeve or socket a' on which can act a secondary exhaust cam K¹ combined with
the main exhaust cam K in order to facilitate starting of the motor by considerably
diminishing the compression in the cylinder at the moment of starting.
3. The arrangement of the governing mechanism constituted by the combination
with a centrifugal governor R of a disc h moving vertically under the action of the
distributing cam K the said disc h being operated upon by a spring; which always.
tends to retract it to the working position and having two teeth gi the tooth g
being under the control of the governor R which regulates the position of the
tooth i in such way as to make it actuate or leave free the rod 2 (which is a part
of the distributing mechanism) according to the working of the motor.
4. In order to get powerful motors the arrangement and the combination by
coupling them of several cylinders B on a common bed-plate substantially as and
for the purpose described.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a complete motor
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
1
M1006
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.