matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Denizot and Charles
Flipps at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th July 1857.
We, BERNARD DENIZOT, Civil Engineer, and CHARLES FLIPPS, Gentleman,
of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
do hereby declare the nature of our Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BREAKS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention relates to an improved construction of break for railway
carriages, by which accidents arising from collisions on railways are
prevented.
The improved break consists of a bar, having a hole formed with a female
screw at each end, which bar can be attached to or removed from the axles of
the wheels when required. On the axis of each wheel is formed a male screw
and collar. The break bar is held in the position to allow the axles to rotate
by a hook on a moveable arm. When it is necessary to apply the break bar,
the cylinder is turned, on which is wound the chain of the coupling rod, and
by this means causes a detent to set free the hook of the moveable arm, when
the break is immediately forced by springs against the male screw, which
enters the female screw of the break bar, and thus locks the wheels. The
same apparatus may be applied to cach carriage, and to the locomotive, and
thus cause the whole train to be suddenly stopped.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING OR COATING STEEL PENS AND PEN- HOLDERS, TO PREVENT THE OXIDATION OF THE SAME, WHICH METHOD OF TREATING OR COATING MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER ARTICLES OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Newey, John Corbett,
and William Henry Parkes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1857.
We, THOMAS NEWEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Metallic
Pen Manufacturer, and JonN CORBETT, of Birmingham aforesaid, Pin
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM HENRY PARKES, of Birmingham aforesaid,
Metallic Pen Manufacturer, do herby declare the nature of the Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING OR COATING STEEL PENS AND PEN-
HOLDERS, TO PREVENT THE OXIDATION OF THE SAME, WHICH METHOD OF TREATING OR
COATING MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER ARTICLES OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as
follows:-
In carrying our Invention into effect, we dissolve two pounds of bitartrate
of potash in five gallons of water; we filter the solution and heat it to a
temperature of from 160 to 180 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. We
suspend a plate of tin in the solution, which tin is connected by a copper wire
to the zinc of a voltaic battery; we suspend the pens, penholders, and other
articles in the solution by copper wires, which connect them with the copper
or negative metal of the battery; in a short time the articles are coated with
a coating of tin, which gives them a silver-like appearance and preserves them
from oxidation. The surface of the plate of tin suspended in the solution,
must, in the first instance, be greater than the surface of the pens or other
articles. By this means the solution will become well saturated with tin,

page_text: after which, equal amounts of surface may be employed. Instead of pure
bitartrate of potash, red tartrate of potash may be employed, or caustic potash
may be employed, either of which in solution may be used instead of the
solution first described. The essence of our Invention consists in preventing
the oxidation of steel pens, penholders, and other articles of iron or steel, by
coating them with tin by the agency of electricity.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BINDING ACCOUNT AND OTHER BOOKS
Year: 1857

page_text: TULELLLVIL
LILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Leuillet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1857.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE LEUILLET, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BINDING ACCOUNT AND OTHER BOOKS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to apply whalebone to the backs of account
and other books in their binding, which is applicable instead of steel, copper,
and other metal used for some books. The whalebone is placed in pieces near
the top and bottom of the book back or otherwise, and serves as a spring in
opening or shutting the book. It imbraces the outside of the back, and is
secured to the main part of the back and to the boards or sides. The book back
consists principally of stiff millboard, or wood, or other stiff material, having
a division down the middle of the back, which permits the use of the clasticity
of the whalebone. An external flexible covering hides the separation of the
back. The angles or edges of the book cover I make of or cover with gutta
percha or india-rubber.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXCLUDING THEREPROM BUGS OR OTHER SIMILAR INSECTS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1857.
I, JACOB GREEN, of Onehouse, Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, FOR THE
PURPOSE OF EXCLUDING THEREPROM BUGS OR OTHER SIMILAR INSECTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention, although principally designed to be applied to bedsteads,. is
also partly applicable to sofas, couches, wardrobes, linen chests, and other
articles of furniture from which it is desirable to exclude bugs and other
crawling insects.
The first part of the Invention consists of a small prop or foot attached to
the leg or bottom of the article of furniture by a screw or screws. This prop
fits into a socket in the centre of the bottom of a cup-shaped vessel, which
is placed on the floor, and which can be attached and detached at pleasure,
without unscrewing. This vessel is intended to be partially filled with water,
and is provided with an overflow pipe near the top, so that water can be
poured through as often as required, without removing the article of furniture
from its position. It will be evident that the props or feet which sustain the

page_text: bedstead or other article of furniture are perfectly insulated, and no insect can
reach them from the floor without passing over or through the water. Upon
the top of the bedstead or other article of furniture is placed a cover of wood
or other suitable close material, having no interstices or openings through
which insects might creep, and provided all round the outer edge with a small
trough of tin, or other suitable material, also containing water, so that if any
insect should drop from the ceiling of the room on to the top of the bedstead
or other article, it cannot pass to the interior thereof without passing over
or through the water.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimablo Antoinette Rével Busquet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1857.
I, AIMABLE ANTOINETTE RÉVEL BUSQUET, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris,
in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL
FLOWERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the employment of oil paint in lieu of the pre-
paration usually employed for the manufacture of artificial foliage and flowers.
For this purpose, having stretched out the fabric for leaf work, for instance,
I give it a preliminary coat of oil paint to form the ground of the leaf. I
afterwards produce by suitable means the contour and form, and then, by the
hand, or otherwise, the tint or color peculiar to the leaf required.
I employ any of the known means for cutting out, moulding, &c., and for
the production of a velvet face, and vary the order of the operations according
to the kind of leaf to be obtained.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINE FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Helmuth Gartner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1857.
I, HELMUTH GARTNER, of Mount Gardens, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ENGINE FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING WATER,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a simple construction of engine
which shall be capable of throwing a continuous jet or column of water to
any required elevation. To this end I propose to enclose a pump cylinder or
cylinders (provided with inlet and discharge valves) in an air-tight case or
cylinder, and to mount the same on a suitable travelling carriage. The piston
rod or rods of the pump cylinder or cylinders I operate by means of vibrating
arms connected to a rock shaft, which has its bearings in the main framing or
engine carriage. When a single pump cylinder is used to produce a con-
tinuous discharge of water, the water supply pipe is conducted through the
outer case, and openings are made from that pipe to the opposite ends of the
cylinder. The water passed through the pump cylinder is discharged into
the air-tight case, and it escapes thence through a passage, so constructed as
to prevent the passage inwards of air to the case. This arrangement admits

page_text: of a great pressure being put upon the pump cylinder, as the water in the
outer case will neutralize the tendency of the pump cylinder to yield to the
internal pressure.
When fitting up this engine as a fire engine, I propose to mount it on a
carriage somewhat like a gun carriage. The forward part, which is supported
by the fore wheels, and which carries the driver's seat and also the hose and
other appurtenances, is removable on the withdrawal of a pin or bolt. The
main carriage, supported by one pair of wheels only, will then rest with one
end on the ground. Attached to this end is a platform, which affords standing
room for some of the men employed in working the engine. When the
platform is thus loaded, the steadiness of the engine while in operation will
be ensured.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dyson and Thomas
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th July 1857.
We, GEORGE DYSON and THOMAS HARRISON, both of Tudhoe Iron Works,
near Ferry Hill, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement or improvements in steam
engines. For this purpose we attach to any steam engine a vessel which wo
call the condensing chamber, and which must be of a capacity proportionate
to the size and power of the engine. We place the condensing chamber at
an elevation above the height to which water will rise in vacuo under the
pressure of the atmosphere. In communication with the condensing chamber
we place a pipe leading from the exhaust valve of the engine, also a pipe for
the conveyance of cold water, and a descending pipe for carrying away the
waste water. Wo place the outlet of tho waste water pipe provided with a suit-
able valvo in the hot well, or in the drain, or in a cistern containing water.
On putting the engine in motion the waste steam will be conducted from
the exhaust valve to the condensing chamber, and there be condensed by
throwing in a jet or jets of cold water, or by any other suitable means, and
thus a vacuum is formed without the aid of that part of a steam engine which
is commonly called an air pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Murray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1857.
I, GEORGE MURRAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to various mechanical arrangements for propelling
ships and vessels by the agency of the re-active force arising from the effluence
of streams of water at the stern of the vessel. In carrying out these improve-
ments under one modification, a continuous combined engine and propeller
shaft is disposed transversely in the vessel at the proper part in the length
thereof, and on this shaft are arranged six separate sets of apparatus, con-
sisting externally of plain cylindrical chambers of great diameter. The two
central cylinders or those nearest the keel line of the ship or vessel are the
main propellers. The lower sides of these cylinders are in open communication
with two continuous longitudinal water ducts, running from stem to stern in-
the ship's bottom. Each cylinder is fitted with a vibrating or oscillating
piston fast on the main shaft, passing through the centres of these stationary
cylinders, and the valves and ways are so formed that as the pistons pass
through their alloted portion of the circle of the cylinder, they draw in a

page_text: continuous stream of water from the sea or river by the apertures at the head
of the vessel, and expel it in a correspondingly continuous manner at the stern.
The valves are, of course, reversed at each vibratory stroke of the piston, so
that whichever way the piston is moving a stream of water is always coming
in at the bows and emerging at the stern of the vessel, thus propelling the
vessel forward; provision is also made for reversing by the same arrange-
ments. The two cylinders of the series next to these are the actuating
engines. These are constructed in the same way as the propelling cylinders,
and are fitted with vibrating pistons of a like kind, and with suitable valves
and ports for the admission and exit of the actuating steam. The vibratory
action of these pistons, due to the alternate action of the steam from the boilers,
gives the vibratory action to the propelling pistons already referred to. Tho
two external cylinders of the series are the air pumps, which act also as
propellers, being each put in communication with a water way running from
the main water way near the bows to the stern. The exhaust steam from
the engines is conducted into the water ways of these pumps, and is thus
effectively condensed, whilst the two pump cylinders act well as propellers in
expelling the water at the stern in the manner of the two main propellers.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceea win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Fitton and Samuel Hall.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
11th May 1857.
We, RICHARD FITTON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, & otton
Spinner, and SAMUEL HALL, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to that particular class of machinery for spinning
called "self-acting mules," and to such parts of the mechanism of the same
as are designed to effect the necessary change of gearing required for running
the spindle carriage "in" and "out."
The improvements consist in the application, employment, and use of a
novel description of clutch box or catch box, the one half or part formed of
a circular disc of steel (hardened), and the other portion having a steel pin
or stud fixed on or into the boss of the bevil wheel, which drives the motion
working the "carriage." This plate being perforated with holes of corre-
sponding size with the opposite pin or stud, will (upon being forced into
contact when required) effect the connection of the gearing for reversing the
run of the "carriage," by acting in place of and exactly as the ordinary catch
or clutch box does as present to effect a similar purpose, and may be put in

page_text: gear (that is, the pin or stud may be forced into any of the holes on the
opposite disc, sliding on the ordinary reversing shaft,) by means of a single
cam placed in suitable connection with it, and is disconnected by means of
a spring pulling it backwards when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILDREN'S COTS AND METALLIC BEDSTEADS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hallen Cottam and Henry
Richard Cottam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th July 1857.
We, GEORGE HALLEN COTTAM and HENRY RICHARD COTTAM, of the
St. Pancras Iron Works, Old St. Pancras Road, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILDREN'S
COTS AND METALLIC BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
children's cots and metallic bedsteads. For these purposes, in constructing
children's metal cots which have cane work applied thereto, in place of leaving
the rough portions of the cane which protrude through the metal frame
uncovered and exposed, as has formerly been done, and which has been found
to be objectionable by reason of children scratching themselves when they
have come in contact therewith, we now case in or cover such rough: pro-
truding parts with metal or other suitable material, so as to cover such parts
of the cane work where the same passes through the metal frames of the cots.
In manufacturing the cast-iron "corners" of metal bedsteads, in order that
they may be electrotyped with brass, they are first ground or polished and
then placed in a suitable bath, and a deposition of brass is caused to take
place thereon by electric currents, as is well understood. When coating other

page_text: articles, and in manufacturing the head and foot rails or frames of metal
bedsteads, in place of their being fixed together by casting the ornamental
parts thereon when in the black or unground or unpolished state, the bars or
rods of iron which are used in forming the head and foot rails or frames of metal
bedsteads are first ground or polished, and when put together are subjected
to a suitable bath, and have a deposition of brass produced thereto by electric
currents, as heretofore when coating the ornamental parts with brass.
AN IMPROVED STEAM REGULATOR
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Outram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1857.
I, EDMUND OUTRAM, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM REGULATOR,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the regulating or equalizing the pressure
of steam to be supplied either as a motive power, or for heating or other
purposes where a nearly uniform pressure less than that in the boiler is
required; and my apparatus consists of a vessel to which is attached one limb
of an inverted syphon containing mercury or other suitable fluid; the steam is
admitted through a suitable valve into this vessel, and thence to purposes
required; the valve being worked and regulated by means of a float on the
said mercury or other suitable fluid in one limb of the said inverted syphon,
the valve being connected to the float by levers or otherwise, in such manner
as to cause the valve to close or open as the pressure increases or diminishes
beyond the required amount of pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Cavalerie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1857.
I, FRANÇOIS CAVALERIE, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the
nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as
follows, that is to say:--
My Invention consists in increasing the power obtained from steam, air,
gas, and other motive-power engines by applying thereto an arrangement of
wheels worked by connecting rods.
The piston connecting rod of the steam or other motive engine, constructed
as usual and set in action, is jointed to a vertical wheel working on a railway,
and thereby receives an alternate to-and-fro motion, which it communicates to a
second larger wheel underneath it by means of a connecting rod fixed to the
circumference of the two wheels. The second wheel is mounted on an axle
turning in bearings firmly fixed to the framing, and transmits this motion by a
rod adapted to its circumference to a fly wheel fixed on an axle, having
an excentric for working a crank or the slide valve of the engine.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WICKS OF CANDLES AND LAMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustin Leopold Autran at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1857.
I, AUGUSTIN LEOPOLD AUTRAN, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
WICKS OF CANDLES AND LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of an improved mode of making wicks for candles
and lamps, replacing the ordinary cotton wicks for candles.
I make the wick of asbestos, about one inch in height, and fix it in the
centre of a support of a circular form, about 3rd of an inch in height, by
which the wick is kept in an upright position. The support is slightly
grooved inside to facilitate the absorption by the wick of the fluid matter, and
is set on feet, the circumference of which is slightly smaller than that of the
candle; each foot is terminated by a flat piece or small point. The support
may be made of cardboard, stoneware, porcelain, or other non-conducting
material. At the inside of the wick a longitudinal hole is made, in which is
placed a small glass tube of about half the length of the asbestos; through
this tube are passed one or more horsehair or other suitable fibres, and which,
before making the candle, are attached to the two extremities of the mould

page_text: exactly in the centre, in the same position as the ordinary candle wick. The
candle is then run in the usual manner. The support and wick thus arranged
descend freely according to the combustion of the candle.
To prepare wicks for lamps, longitudinal threads of asbestos are interwoven
with horizontal fine silk fibres, in such a manner as to leave a very small space 5
between them. In order to give coherence to the fibres of asbestos, I cover
them with a slight coating of oil or other unctuous substance.
AN IMPROVED METER FOR REGISTERING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walter Friend at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1857.
I, JOHN WALTER FRIEND, of Freemantle, Southampton, Chronometer
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METER FOR REGISTERING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference to an inproved mode of measuring and
registering the flow of water and other liquids under pressure; so as to enable
the quantity discharged or passed through the main to be ascertained with
greater accuracy than hitherto, consists of an apparatus of suitable dimensions
(attached to the said main supply pipe or otherwise through which the liquid
flows), and of cylindrical form, provided with an outer case enclosing the works,
the water or other liquid in its course through the apparatus being directed
against the blades of a fan or paddle-wheel, through the medium of concentric
slot openings formed eccentrically in the channel in which the wheel revolves,
the said wheel being actuated and motion imparted therefrom to a graduated
dial plate, through the intervention of screw wheel and toothed pinion gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1857.
I, RICHARD DAVIES, of No. 5, Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Marble
Mason, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for washing clothes or piece goods, and consists in the use of a tub
of any convenient shape, having a correspondingly shaped plunger or false
bottom working vertically therein, such plunger fitting accurately the interior
of the tub, and being perforated with a number of holes to allow the water to
flow freely through it during its up and down movements. This plunger is
connected in a suitable manner to a double or single lever, which works on a
centre in suitable supports attached to the sides of the tub. A handle is
attached to one end of this lever, whilst the opposite end is weighted to counter-
balance the weight of the articles under treatment, which articles are attached
to the plunger by means of cords stretched loosely across the underside of the
plunger. The washing action is obtained by working the plunger with the
attached articles up and down in the water contained in the tub. In order to

page_text: prevent the water from splashing up through the holes in the plunger, a
canvas fence may be placed on the upper side, or a lid may be placed on the
top of the tub, and the connections. of the plunger will then pass through a
hole or holes therein.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SIGNAL AND ALARUM
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Langford and Joseph Wilder
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th February 1857.
We, JOHN LANGFORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and JOSEPH WILDER, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Pyrotechnic Artist,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SIGNAL AND ALARUM," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a signal and alarum constructed in the following
manner: We take a tubular case made by preference of metal, the said case
being open at both ends, the opening at one end being contracted. We drop
into the wide end of the tube a short tube or case filled with the composition
herein-after described as No. 1 composition, the said composition having a
hole through its middle. We next fix a tube in the narrow end of the case, .
the said tube passing through the hole in the composition. We next drop in
the open end of the case a charge of powder encased in brown paper, tied up
and bound tightly with string, and dipped in a composition of glue and red
lead. A fuse is put at that end of the charge first dropped in, the said fuse
being composed of a small case filled with powder and charcoal. The wide
end of the case is now closed. We next charge the small tube with gun-
powder, filling the top of the tube and the narrow end of the case with the
composition herein-after described as No. 2 composition. We next place a
small vessel containing sulphuric acid on the top of the case, and fasten the

page_text: said vessel down with a metal cap, or by pasting paper over it. A large metal
cap may be screwed over the top of the case, when it is not wanted to be in
readiness for use. When the signal is dropped on the ground, the narrow or
pointed end downwards, it ignites, a vivid light being produced which lasts for
several seconds, together with a loud report.
Our Invention may be used as a signal and alarum in case of highway
robbery, or against poachers, or, on railways, and when made small, against
burglars, being made to ignite on the opening of a door or shutter.
When made sufficiently long the illumination may be kept up-during
several minutes.
Composition No. 1.-Nitrate of barytes, sulphur, chlorate of potash, fine
charcoal.
Composition No. 2.-Sulphur, chlorate of potash, pounded lump sugar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING MOULDS OR MATRICES EMPLOYED IN CASTING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 25th April
1857.
I, WILLIAM WHITE, of Adelaide Street, South Shields, in tho County of
Durham, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING MOULDS OR MATRICES EMPLOYED IN CASTING
METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of making the
moulds or matrices employed in casting metal articles, and is particularly
applicable where a great number of similar castings are required, as in the
manufacture of railway chairs and wheels, window weights, and shot, since
by this system a great economy of time and labor is effected.
The improvements consist in ramming the sand or other material employed
round the pattern by the aid of a press, in place of effecting the same by hand,
as is at present the case. The mould boxes are brought underneath the press
and are rammed or packed by a descending plate or ram. Two of these plates
may be used, the one rising as the other descends, and the boxes are carried
in and out of the press by means of self-acting travelling tables.
In some cases the under portion of the mould may be formed by having the
lower half of the pattern fixed to the pressing plate and pressing it into the
mould box filled with sand or loam by the action of the press, whilst the upper

page_text: balf of the mould is being made in a separate box by the second plate of the
press.
The pouring hole or "ingate" is made by a suitable projecting pin on the
pressing plate, which penetrates the mould on the descent of the plate.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR PRE- VENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Deeley, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR PRE-
VENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 23rd September 1857, and dated the 3rd June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Deeley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1857.
I, GEORGE DEELEY, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved means for preventing the explosion of steam
boilers consists in the adaptation to the safety valve of boilers of a float and
lever, which, when the water in the boiler sinks below a certain level, will act
on the safety valve and lift it from its seat, thereby allowing the steam to
escape from the boiler. In combination with this contrivance I employ a
steam whistle, which is fixed in the end of a pipe that communicates with
the inside of the boiler. A cock is placed on this pipe inside the boiler, and
is worked by the float or the lever connected therewith, so that when the
level of the water sinks, and the float descends with it, the cock on the whistle

page_text: pipe will be opened, and the steam allowed to escape. The parts are so
arranged that the whistle is made to sound when water is required in the
boiler, and the whistle cannot be stopped until the water is supplied. Should
the signal not be attended to, and the level of the water allowed to fall still
further, the float will open the safety valve, and allow the steam to escape,
as before mentioned. It is worthy of remark, that the cock on the whistle
pipe, being inside the boiler, cannot be tampered with by the attendant. I
also propose to enclose the 'safety valve within a casing or box, so that it
cannot be got at by the attendant.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLING
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Edward Coffey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1857.
I, PHILIP EDWARD COFFEY, of Bromley, near Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement on the process of distilling known
as Champonnois' process, which consists in extracting the saccharine principles
from beetroot and other vegetable substances containing saccharine matters,
by the aid of the spent wash obtained from the distillation of the saccharine
juices during a previous operation.
Now, the object of the present Invention is to adapt the apparatus known
as Coffey's distilling apparatus to this process. It is well known that in this
apparatus the wash in descending a column termed the analyzer, spreads over
a series of trays, and there meets ascending streams of steam which proceed
from an adjacent steam boiler, and cause the rapid evaporation of the spirit
contained in the wash. As, however, the spent wash is by the Champonnois'
process required to be conducted to the macerating tuns to act upon fresh
beetroot, it is desirable to prevent the dilution of the wash as much as possible,
and at the same time to keep up its temperature. Instead, therefore, of
introducing steam from the steam boiler to the analyzer, I heat the spent

page_text: wash (as it is discharged from the analyzer) by means of suitable metallic
surfaces heated by steam, and thus cause it to yield steam for vaporizing the
spirit contained in the descending stream of wash in the analyzer. The other
portion of the spont wash not required for this purpose is conducted away to
the tuns or vats usod in the earlier portion of the distilling process.
A METHOD OF SAILING OR PROPELLING A VESSEL OR VESSELS OUT OF OR ON THE SURFACE OF THE WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter James Handscombe Rodd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1857.
I, WALTER JAMES HANDSCOMBE RODD, of 3, Earls Court, in the Parish of
St. Ann's, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A METHOD OF SAILING OR PROPELLING A VESSEL OR VESSELS OUT OF OR ON THE
SURFACE OF THE WATER," to be as follows; and consists in supporting a ship or
other vessel out of the water or on the surface of the water by means of air-
tight drums, and propelling the ship or other vessel by fixing floats upon one
pair (or more) of the drums.
The ship or other vessel is made of the usual form, or of any other form
as may be deemed advisable.
Through the ship or other vessel is rigidly attached one of the shafts which
carry one pair of the drums; these drums are loose on this shaft, so as to allow
them to turn when the ship or other vessel is moving, thereby offering but
little resistance to its progress. The other shaft, which carries another pair of
drums rigidly attached to it, is cranked and supported by suitable bearings in
the vessel. Floats are fixed on these drums for the purpose of propelling the
ship or other vessel, motion being given to them by steam or other motive
power. The ship or other vessel may be propelled by a screw propeller, or it

page_text: may have all the drums loose on the shafts, and the shafts attached to the ship
or other vessel, and be propelled by paddle wheels fixed at the sides, bow,
stern, or under the said vessel, or it may be propelled by any other means used
to propel vessels. As many drums as may be deemed necessary can be used;
this, however, will be regulated according to the dimensions of the ship or
other vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING TOOLS FOR WELLS, SHAFTS, AND LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1857.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT, of Pimlico, in the City of Westminster, Contractor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said "IMPROVEMENTS IN BORING TOOLS
FOR WELLS, SHAFTS, AND LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I form an archimedean screw augre with a hole made longitudinally through
it for the purpose of passing the rods, and then connect it by a key or rod at
bottom, whereby the same is set in motion by the revolving of the rods. The
hole must be sufficiently large for receiving an octagon or like shaft. The
material bored thereby is collected on the threads of the screw or augur, and
at stated revolutions it is raised by sliding it up the rods by means of a chain
and revolving shacklo attached thereto. Other tools found necessary for
boring different strata may be used in like manner, and my said Invention
may also be applied to existing rods. The sliding shaft while boring passes
through a driving wheel with a revolving shackle attached at the top and
connected with interniediate rods below.
A NOVEL APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER FOR THE MOVEMENT OF VESSELS OR OTHER BODIES FLOATING ON OR SUSPENDED IN WATER, AIR, OR OTHER FLUID, AND FOR MOVING MACHINERY AND PROPELLING SOLID BODIES ON LAND
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1857.
I, JAMES PARKER, of No. 4, Grove Terrace, Grove Road, Forest Vale,
Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Solicitor's Clerk, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NOVEL APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER FOR
THE MOVEMENT OF VESSELS OR OTHER BODIES FLOATING ON OR SUSPENDED IN WATER,
AIR, OR OTHER FLUID, AND FOR MOVING MACHINERY AND PROPELLING SOLID BODIES
ON LAND," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of two novel methods of rendering available the
force of steam under pressure, one of which I hereafter term the recoil power,
and the other of them the direct power.
I claim the same, whether such application be made in either mode sepa-
rately or in both of them together.
What I term the recoil power is obtained by discharging steam continuously
or at intervals and at high pressure from a steam boiler.
The available recoil power thus obtained exists whilst the discharge of the
steam is going on, and is in a direction opposite to the aperture from which
that discharge takes place, and is nearly equal to the weight or force just
sufficient to close the aperture.

page_text: The recoil power is applicable to the movement of any kind of vessel
floating on or suspended in water, air, or other fluid, and is also applicable in
combination with the direct power herein-after mentioned for propelling or
moving vehicles or other solid bodies on land. What I term the direct power
is obtained by taking advantage of the extreme velocity with which high-
pressure steam issues from a boiler. The property I have discovered in
this direct power is, that the force exerted by a jet of high-pressure steam
upon a body placed, near the aperture from whence the steam issues is not
for equal distances materially diminished by that body being in motion.
The power thus obtained may be rendered more available either by
receiving the steam upon the arms of long levers or by any other ordinary
means of multiplying power. I make my Invention useful by directing the
jet or jets of steam against projections placed on tho circumference of a wheel,
which is forced round by the steam discharges; through the centre of this
wheel runs a shaft or axle, by which the motion may be communicated or
directed in the usual manner for any purpose; as may be desired.
The direct power is applicable to all kinds of machinery to which steam
power is usually applied, and to many purposes for which the ordinary steam
engine is too expensive, heavy, or bulky.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES: OR TUBES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isac Louis Pulvermacher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1857.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES:
OR TUBES FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements on and additions to an Invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to me for Great Britain the 4th of
December 1852.
The tube for containing the tobacco or other material to be smoked is
formed at bottom with a cutting edge, to enable it to be readily and easily
charged; on the top of this tube is the bowl, or that part substituted for the
bowl of an ordinary pipe. It consists of short length of tube, or of a cylinder,
formed conical at bottom, and with a rim or edge for uniting it to the supply
tube. Immediately above the rim, holes are pierced all round to allow of the
passage of the smoke, as herein-after explained. At top, wires are placed upon
the cylinder, to offer a resistance to the falling out of the tobacco, and yet
sufficiently open to permit of the ashes falling. I insert in the bottom of the
supply tube a series of telescopic tubes and screws, or a simple screw, or other
equivalent, connected to a hollow stem, through which passes a rod for com-

page_text: municating motion to the screw or other apparatus. After the pipe or holder
has been charged and the telescopic tubes or screw has been placed therein, I
place over the whole length of the tube a paper or other porous cylinder or
case, the upper end of which covers the apertures in the bottom of the
cylinder before named, and the lower end covers a mouthpiece, previously
slidden over the hollow stem, and between which mouthpiece and stem there
is provided a space all round, to allow of passage of smoke into the mouth of
the smoker. Thus the smoke does not pass through the body of tobacco in
the supply tube, but comes directly through the apertures in the bottom of the
cylinder outside of the supply tube, and between it and the porous case, which,
absorbing and allowing of the volatilization of the essential oil, prevents any
injury to the smoker. While the pipe is still in the mouth, by simply turning
the hollow mouthpiece or the case and supply tube, the teeth holding the rod
stationary, tobacco is pressed forward to take the place of such as has been
consumed in the cylinder, and thus the pipe may be used until the whole
contents of the supply tube have been consumed.
In some cases I connect the cylinder to the supply tube by a hinge; when
the supply tube may be charged from the top, and if desired, the tobacco in
the cylinder being still alight, an indefinite number of charges may be smoked.
without the pipe going out, or without fresh lighting being necessary.
Instead of tobacco in a cut state, a cigar may be placed in the supply tube
between the perforated cylinder and the mouthpiece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM SEWERAGE OR DRAIN- AGE MATTERS
Year: 1857

page_text: vy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Walker, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1857.
I, CHARLES WALKER, of New Lanark in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE FROM SEWERAGE OR DRAIN-
AGE MATTERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In
This Invention relates to a simple and effective means of obtaining useful
fertilising products from sewerage and drainage matters by filtration.
utilising sewerage and drainage matters in this way, the fluid matters as col-
lected from their producing grounds, are conducted directly to a filtering bed,
which is fitted up with a series of short vertical lengths of pipe, by preference
earthenware or clay drain pipes. These pipes are disposed at regular intervals
apart, so that their lower ends open directly into the conveying ducts of the
sewerage to be operated upon, and their open upper ends are covered by small
perforated plates or slabs, over which is placed in each case a layer or layers
of permeable or filtering matter. In this way the sewerage matter being
caused to flow in a continuous current into and through these short pipes or
holders, the comparatively clear fluid passes off at the upper ends of the pipes,
through the filtering medium, whilst that medium retains the solid matter in
the interior of the pipes. The process goes continuously on until the pipes

page_text: are filled with solid matter, when the sewerage supply is turned off the series
of full pipes, and directed into a fresh or empty series, when the same process
is repeated. In this way the process is continuously carried on, and the
intercepted solid matter of the sewerage is removed from the pipes, and dried
by artificial heat into powder or brick-shaped pieces as may be desired, when
it is ready for use as a manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS OR BLOWING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: ne Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ogden and Henry Firth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd April 1857.
We, WILLIAM OGDEN and HENRY FIRTH, both of Bacup, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanics, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS OR BLOWING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to "centrifugal fans," and consists in mounting a
circular disc on an axis, and attaching the "vanes" to the sides of the disc,
those on one side of the disc being placed opposite the spaces between the
"vanes" on the other side of the disc.
Our Invention also consists in arranging the vanes of fans so that the spaces
or passages for air between the vanes are of the same arca at the greatest
distance from the axis as at the central opening or orifice, and this is accom-
plished by filling up the space behind each vane. In fact, the fan, according
to our Invention, may be considered a solid cylinder, having formed in it a
central opening and curved air passages of uniform area.