IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING WAX OR COMPOSITION TAPERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hynam, of Wilson Street, Finsbury, in
the County of Middlesex, Chemical Light Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING WAX
OR COMPOSITION TAPERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
THAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 9th August 1853, and dated the 25th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hynam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th February 1853.
I, JOHN HYNAM, of Wilson Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemical Light Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING
WAX OR COMPOSITION TAPERS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows, that is to say
The prepared material for the wax tapers is wound upon a series of
drums or bobbins, from whence it passes between a series of guide-
pins, and between a pair of rollers actuated by a cam, tappet, or other
motion, so as to move only a portion of a revolution at a time. The

page_text: object of the rollers is to draw from the bobbins the prepared material,
and pass the same through a perforated plate, on one side of which
there is a knife that cuts the projecting ends of the wax material as
it passes through the perforated plate into the required lengths for the
tapers, and such lengths are afterwards deposited into a frame ready 5
for dipping into the chemical light composition, after which they are
dried and packed up in boxes in the usual manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hynam in the Great Seal Patent Office, on
the 22d August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HYNAM, of Wilson Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemical Light Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Hynam, Her special licence
that I, the said John Hynam, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Hynam, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING WAX OR COMPOSITION TAPERS, AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Hynam, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Hynam, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention of improvements in the mode of manufacturing wax
or composition tapers, and in the machinery or apparatus for that
purpose, relates to certain machinery to be employed in cutting the
tapers off to the required lengths, and depositing such tapers in what
are commonly called "frames" ready for dipping in the chemical
light composition. The material for the wax tapers having been
prepared in the usual manner, and which is well understood by the
trade, is in the first place wound upon a series of drums or large
bobbins, from whence it passes through suitable guides, and between a
pair of rollers, which are caused to move only a portion of a revolution
at a time. The object of the rollers is to draw from the bobbins, the
prepared material for the wax tapers, and pass the same in required
lengths through a perforated plate, on the under side of which there
is a knife that cuts the projecting ends of the wax or composition
material as it passes through the perforated plate into the required
lengths for the tapers, which are then deposited in a frame ready
for dipping into the chemical light composition; after which, they
are dried and packed in boxes in the usual manner. The manner
in which I effect this object will be understood by the following
description, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed,
which are to a scale of six inches to one foot, or half size; and on
which similar letters denote corresponding parts in all the figures.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Figure 1, Sheet 1, which represents a side elevation of the machine
a, a, is a bed in every respect similar to the bed of a planing machine,
such as are used by engineers for planing iron. On each side of the
bed a, there is cast two projecting brackets b, b, which support the side
frames c, c, which side frames carry in suitable bearings two rollers d, d¹.
Upon the end of one of these rollers there is a ratchet wheel e, (see
Figure 2, Sheet 2,) which represents an end view of the machine, and

page_text: 9,
also Figure 3, Sheet 2, which represents a side view and plan of the
ratchet-wheel and lever for actuating the same. The position of this
lever will be seen on referring to Figure 1, where it is represented by
dotted lines, and its mode of action is as follows:-f, and g, Figures
1, and 5, which latter is a plan of certain portions of the machine, are
two shafts working in bearings supported by the bed of the machine.
Upon the end of the shaft f, there is a pinion f¹; and upon the boss of
the pinion, which pinion is made to run loose on the end of the shaft f
there is a winch or handle for giving motion to the machine; or the
same may be driven by any other motive power. Upon the end of the
shaft there is keyed a wheel g', having a dove-tail groove, and a
stud g, fitted therein in such manner as to be set at any given distance
from the centre of motion (see Figures 2, 4, and 5). Upon this stud
is made to work the lower end of a connecting rod shown in Figure 1,
by a dotted line A. The upper end of the connecting rod is attached
to the lever of the ratchet-wheel by a stud or bolt, which is also capable
of adjustment in the slotted part of the lever; therefore on giving
motion to the wheel g', a reciprocating motion will be given to the
lever of the ratchet-wheel; and the rollers d, will move a portion of a
revolution, and the strands or lengths of material h, h, for the tappers
will be drawn in between the rollers, and caused to advance towards
the knife. The action of the knife, and the depositing of the "tapers" in
the frame, I will now proceed to describe; first observing that upon
the bed of the machine there is a sliding table i, i; and upon this
table is placed the frame to be filled with tapers. The frame simply
consists of a number of thin slips of wood k, k, k, see Figures 1, and 2,
with a hole at each end, through each of which is passed a bolt 1, 1,
see Figure 4. The wax tapers, having been deposited between the
slips of wood k, k, in the manner hereafter to be described, the frames
are screwed up, and the tapers securely held ready for dipping in the
usual manner, as is well understood. The action of the sliding-table i, i,
and knife is as follows:-, see Figure 5, is the driving pinion, and
gives motion to the wheel g', keyed on the shaft g. Upon the shaft g,
there is also keyed a wheel m, which gives motion to a wheel n,
keyed on the shaft f, which shaft f, revolves in the same time as

page_text: the shaft J. At the opposite end of the shaft f, there is keyed a
cam o, (see Figure 1,) and on the end of the shaft g, there is a cam
P. q, is a lever moving freely on a stud q', bolted to the frame side c, c.
The lower end of the lever q, carries a roller r, and its upper end
passes through a slot in the end of a bell-cranked levers, see Figures
1 and 5. t, is a link, one end of which is attached to the bell-cranked
lever s, and the other end to a slide u, which carries a knife x. The
slide u, moves freely in a frame v, supported by brackets cast on the
side frames. It will therefore be seen that during the time the wheel
9', (see Figure 1,) is moving one fourth of a revolution in the direction
indicated by the arrow, that the camp, will have moved the lever g, in
the direction indicated by the arrow x, and the effect of such motion
will be to move the lever s, link t, and slide u, in the direction indicated
by the arrows shown on the plan, Figure 5. Again, during the time
the wheel g' is moving the second fourth of a revolution, the cam o, will
move the lever 9, back again to the position shown in the drawing; and
in doing so, the table i, with the frame k, will be moved also, in conse-
quence or by means of the paul q", which is carried by the lever q,
acting upon the teeth of the rack q, which rack is bolted to the side
of the table i, i; that is to say, the return stroke of the lever q, will
move the table, with the frame upon it, in the same direction; the extent
of such motion being equal to the spaces formed by the frame or slips
of wood k, k. It will also be seen by the foregoing description that
during the time the wheel g', moves one half of a revolution, that the
mechanism just described will move the slide and knife so as to cut off
the projecting ends of the strands into lengths required for the wax or
composite tapers; and in addition to bringing the knife back again, such
mechanism will move the table to such an extent as to bring the
succeeding space of the frame directly underneath the projecting ends
of the strands h, which are made to pass through a steel bar y, drilled
with a number of holes, as shown in plan, Figure 5. The action of the
machine is as follows: first, observing that I propose to pass through
the machine fifty strands of prepared wax or composite material at the
same time, and for this purpose there are fifty semi-circular gooves
turned in the periphery of each roller, as shown at Figure 2, but of

page_text: somewhat less depth than the semi-diameter of the composite material,
that the material may be held firmly between the rollers. For this
purpose the axis of the roller d', is supported by a sliding brass z, which
can be forced against the roller d, by means of set-screws 2¹. I will
now suppose the fifty strands h, more or less, to be passed between the
rollers, for which purpose there are suitable guides shown at B,
Figure 1, by red lines, for keeping them in the grooves. Presuming
the strands to be passed between the rollers, through the steel bar y,
and between the slips of wood k, k, forming the frame, and so that the
ends thereof would touch the surface of the table, if motion be then
given to the machine during the time the wheel g¹, moves the first
quarter of a revolution, the cam p, will bring into operation, as already
described, the knife, which simultaneously cuts off the fifty ends; and
during the second quarter of a revolution the knife is brought back by
the cam o, which cam also moves the table, as described, so that the
next or succeeding space in the frame will be ready to receive the next
fifty tapers which are inserted during the second half revolution of the
wheel g', which brings down the lever of the ratchet wheel, and thereby
gives motion to the rollers which cause the strands to advance equal to the
length of another taper; these strands are cut off in like manner as before;
and so the operation of depositing the ends in the spaces of the frame and
cutting off proceeds until the spaces in the frame are filled. The nuts
1, 7, are then to be screwed up in the usual manner, and the frame, with
its twenty-five rows of fifty tapers in each row, is removed from the
machine, and another replaced, to be filled in like manner. Although I
prefer these numbers I do not confine myself thereto, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
Note. The frame and slide of the knife are placed at an angle with
the steel bar, but the edge of the knife is parallel or nearly so with the
material to be cut, the object being to obtain a better action of the
knife. In order to keep the tapers in a vertical position in the frame
after they have been cut off, the table i, i, is planed with grooves ², ²,
to receive the lower ends, (see Figures 2, and 5,) the upper ends being
sustained by a number of strings or wires 23, 3, made somewhat in the
form of a gridiron, the whole being mounted upon an axis, as shown by
dotted lines in Figure 1; see also Figure 4, which represents a plan of

page_text: the wires and slips k, k, forming the frame. The mode of separating
the parts k, k, forming the frame, to receive the tapers as they pass
through the steel plate y, is as follows:-To each side frame there is
attached by suitable brackets a verticle spindle 2, and 3; at the upper
end of the spindles 2, and 3, there is a lever 4, 4', and at the lower
end of each spindle there is a lever 5, 5, connected by a rod 6. 7 is a
lever carrying a small roller 8, which is acted upon by a cam 9, cast on
the face of the wheel g¹. The action is as follows:-Just before the
strands begin to descend from the steel bar y, the cam 9, is brought in
contact with the roller 8, carried by the lever 7, which lever being
keyed on the axis 3, (see Figure 5,) motion will be given to the axis
or spindle 3, and the end of the lever 4, which is keyed on the top of
the spindle, will be forced between slips k, k, so as to separate them.
The lever 4', is moved in like manner by the levers 5, 5, and connecting
rod 6. When the tapers have been deposited in the space of the frame
the levers just described are brought back to their original position by
a spring or other suitable means, to allow the table and frame to move
the distance of another space, when the same operation is repeated.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed; I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the peculiar mode of obtaining the several
motions herein-before described, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my said Invention.
But what I do claim as of my Invention is, the combination of parts
forming a machine for simultaneously inserting between the spaces of
the frame, and cutting off to the required lengths from the prepared
material, fifty, more or less, wax or composite tapers, commonly called
vestas.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hynam, have hereunto. set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
TOTTINT TTV