Improvements in Concrete and Composite Buildings or Structures.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Concrete and Composite Buildings or
Structures.
I, WILLIAM ORR, of 109 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of dwelling houses and other buildings
or structures of concrete or similar composite materials with tiles or slabs or other
facings on the outside and inside walls and with roofs or floors composed of such
materials in combination with compound girders built therein to serve as means of
support during the building operation and subsequently.
In constructing such buildings hitherto facing tiles or slabs have been attached
and secured to the walls, subsequent to the setting of the latter, by means of
cement or like material, the time and cost of first building the walls and separately
attaching the facings being incurred.
Under my invention tiles, slabs or other facings are made to form an integral
part of the walls of the building and the expense and loss of time incident to
subsequently attaching them to the walls are avoided by forming the outside and
inside walls of the boxes in which the concrete is moulded of tiles, slabs or other
facing materials which are suitably supported to keep them plumb during the
building operation and which when the concrete sets will remain securely
incorporated with or attached thereto and constitute the finished wall surfaces.
The facing material thus applied to the outer walls is preferably waterproof
having a finished outside surface and that employed as a lining for the inner walls,
floors, roofs or ceilings and partitions may be of large water-tight and fire-proof
metal or composition boards or slabs and although firm possessing such flexibility
as to permit of its being bent to form covings, cornices, skirting boards and the
hke, or the facing or lining material may be composed of suitably moulded pieces,
the inner wall faces being thus finished without use of plaster with coving at top
and skirting at bottom complete ready for paper, paint or other decoration. The
floors er roofs are or may be also composed of concrete faced or lined in like
manner, and in them are embedded girders supported on the end or side walls and
composed of tubes, rods or bars but preferably of tubes of incomplete section,
.e. slit in the direction of their length in order to provide for securing to them
by suitable clips, keys, wedges or other fastenings in the slits, tie rods or plain or
barbed wires strung across the girders perpendicularly or diagonally and rods or
wires joining a plurality of the tubes to form compound girders. The girders and
connecting rods or wires are carried over the whole area of the floor or roof the
whole metal portion of the structure or any portion of it as required being firmly
fixed together.
The concrete is put in its place to embed the girder net work being carried on
the impervious metal or composition lining forming the mould box and which is
firmly supported underneath by strong wooden framework which in the usual
manner is removed when the concrete is sufficiently set, leaving the lining attached
to the concrete to form a finished ceiling ready for paint or paper decoration.
The floors and roofs with the framework of ribs as described need not be
combined with the girder where wall supports (such as in moderate sized rooms)

page_text: can be made use of and in this case the framework would preferably be so
constructed that a tube or bar would be placed close to the top of the wall but at
a lower level than the underside of the floor or ceiling, and the top of the wall
formed with a round by giving the impervious wall and facing composition the
required curve or bend.
This coving would give a good finish to the wall heads, and serve as a cornice,
besides as an arch adding to strength.
Dated this 23rd day of November 1894.
Improvements in Concrete and Composite Buildings or
Structures.
I, WILLIAM ORR, of 109 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of dwelling houses and other buildings
or structures of concrete or similar composite materials with tiles or slabs or other
facings on the outside and inside walls to serve as means of support during the
building operation and subsequently, and with roofs or floors composed of such
materials in combination with compound girders, tubes bars and wires built therein
for the purpose of strengthening the roofs and floors of the buildings, this
arrangement combining at the same time great strength and lightness.
In constructing such buildings hitherto, facing tiles or slabs have been attached
and secured to the walls, subsequent to the setting of the latter, by means of
cement or like material, the time and cost of first building the walls and separately
attaching the facings being incurred.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a cross section of a building constructed in accordance with my
invention,
Figure 2 is a similar view of a modified form of building,
Figure 3 is a transverse view of the girder to a larger scale,
Figures 4 and 5 are enlarged views of the tubes and wires or rods forming the
reof and floor of the building and shewing the means of securing the wires or rods
to the tubes,
Figure 6 shews the manner of joming two tubes together when one length of
tube is insufficient,
Figure 7 shews a clip used in such a case which provides means for securing the
rod or wires to the tubes and for further securing the tubes together, and
Figure 8 is a plan of the network or framework of the roof and floor.
Under my invention tiles, slabs or other facings A are made to form an integral
part of the walls B of the building and the expense and loss of time incident to
subsequently attaching them to the walls B are avoided by forming the outside and
inside walls of the boxes in which the concrete C is moulded of tiles, slabs or other
facing materials which are suitably supported to keep them plumb during the
building operation and which when the concrete C sets will remain securely
incorporated with or attached thereto and constitute the finished wall surfaces.
The facing material A thus applied to the outer walls is preferably waterproof
having a finished outside surface and that employed as a lining for the inner walls,

page_text: floors, roofs or ceilings and partitions may be of large water-tight and fire-proof
metal or composition boards or slabs D and although firm possessing such flexibility
as to permit of its being bent to form covings, cornices, skirting boards and the
like D', or the facing or lining material may be composed of suitably moulded
pieces, the inner wall faces being thus finished without use of plaster with coving at
top and skirting at bottom complete ready for paper, paint or other decoration.
The floors I or roofs J are or may be also composed of concrete faced or lined in
like manner, and in them are or may be embedded girders E shewn at Figures 1
and 3 supported on the end or side walls and composed of tubular or solid bars E¹
of circular, oval, bulb or other cross section or of tubes of incomplete section, i.e.
slit in the direction of their length as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order to
provide for securing to them, by suitable clips F and keys, wedges or other
fastenings in the slits, tie rods or plain or barbed wires G crossed under the various
tubes comprising the girders transversely of the tubes the rods or wires being
keyed or otherwise fixed therein and being bent up and secured to a tube or tubes
at a higher point to form a compound girder. A suitable form of girder is represented
by Figure 3, but the number of tubes used and the position of these tubes in
relation to each other may be modified. Tubes H similar to those used in forming
the girders E and connecting rods or wires G which are preferably continuations of
the wires strung across the girders E are carried over the whole area of the floor I
or roof J the tubes H being supported by the side wall the whole metal portion of
the structure forming a network as shewn at Figure 8 and being wholly or having
any desired portion of it fixed together.
Instead of forming the tubes of circular cross section they may be formed as
shewn at Figures 6 and 7 in which case the clips F are strung upon the tubes H
and secured thereto by keys K. The rods or barbed or plain wires are placed
within curved hooks fas shewu at f' on Figures 6 and 7, formed on the lower ends
of the clips F and these hooks fare finally bent over to embrace the rods or
wires G as shewn at f' Figure 6. Where two tubes H required to be joined
together this may be accomplished as shewn at Figure 6 by inserting a portion of
tube or bar of smaller diameter in the adjoining ends of both tubes H and riveting
the same at 3, the clips F being bolted together at f' when it is desired to further
secure the tubes together.
The concrete C is put in its place to embed the girder network said concrete
being carried on the impervious metal or composition lining D forming the mould
and which is firmly supported underneath by strong wooden framework which in the
usual manner is removed when the concrete is sufficiently set leaving the lining D
attached to the concrete to form a finished ceiling ready for paint or paper
decoration.
The floors and roofs J with the framework of wires or rods G and tubes Has
described need not be combined with the girder E where wall supports (such as in
moderate sized rooms and as illustrated by Figure 2) can be made use of; and in
this case the framework would preferably be so constructed that a tube or bar H
would be placed close to the top of the wall but at a lower level than the under side
of the floor or ceiling and the top of the wall formed with a round or coring L by
giving the impervious wall and iacing composition D the required curve or bend.
This coving L would give a good finish to the wall heads and serve as a cornic
besides as an arch adding to strength.
In cases where it is desired to give the roofs extra strength this can be
accomplished by arranging the network in the form of an arch.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the construction of concrete and composite buildings or structures
incorporating tiles, slabs or like facings in the formation of the walls by using

page_text: boxes, in which the concrete is moulded, composed of such tiles or facings suitably
supported substantially as described.
2. In concrete and composite buildings or structures the formation of the floors or
roofs of concrete faced with tiles, slabs or like materials as set forth in combination
with supporting girders embedded therein and composed of tubes or bars and wires
or rods wedged or otherwise fixed thereto substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1895.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.