IMPROVE. MENTS IN FINISHING WOOLLEN AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Weiss, of the firm of Schwann, Kell, & Co.,
of Huddersfield, Commission Merchants Henry Lister, of the same
Place, Manufacturer, and John Mitchell, of Sheepridge, n' Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Finisher, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN FINISHING WOOLLEN AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 3rd September 1857, and dated the 20th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Weiss, Henry
Lister, and John Mitchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 20th March 1857.
We, CHARLES WEISS, of the firm of Schwann, Kell, & Co., of Huddersfield,
Commission Merchants, HENRY LISTER, of the same Place, Manufacturer, and
JOHN MITCHELL, of Sheepridge, n' Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FINISHING WOOLLEN AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
We perforate a sheet of zinc or other thin metal plate to any desired
device or design, and apply it to the smooth face or surface of the fabrics to
[Price Sd.]

page_text: be operated upon, and by means of the alternate usc of a damp and dry
brush we work up the nap or loose fibres through the perforations, making
those portions of the surface rough, which on removing the plate contrasts
with the smooth parts of the surface, producing a novel finish which we call
or name "shawnee coating." We also form cylinders (capable of rotating)
of such perforated plates, over which the fabrics are caused to pass, and by
means of rotating or moving damp and dry brushes within the said cylinder,
the surface of the fabric is operated upon through the perforations in like
manner as before described.
We also cut rollers (capable of rotating) in relief, or with the figure pro-
minent, to any pattern or design, and pass the fabrics over, stretching them at
the same time, and by means of rotating or moving brushes, as before
described, applied to the surface. The fabric is operated upon in the pro-
minent parts only; thus we obtain the same patterns or designs upon the
fabrics which are cut upon the rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Weiss, Henry Lister, and John Mitchell, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
WEISS, of the firm of Schwann, Kell, & Co., of Huddersfield, Commission
Merchants, and HENRY LISTER, of the same Place, Manufacturer, and JOHN
MITCHELL, of Sheepridge, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Finisher,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Charles Weiss, Henry Lister, and John Mitchell, Her special license
that we, the said Charles Weiss, Henry Lister and John Mitchell, our exccu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles
Weiss, Henry Lister, and John Mitchell, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great'
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING WOOLLEN AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE

page_text: MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Weiss, Henry Lister, and John
Mitchell, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or the
hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention. and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Lister and John Mitchell, for
and on behalf of ourselves and the said Charles Weiss, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
We perforate a sheet of zinc or other thin metal plate to any device or
design, and apply it to the smooth face or surface of the fabric to be operated
upon, and by the alternate use of a damp and a dry brush we work up the
nap or loose fibres through the perforations, making those portions of the
surface rough, which on removing the plates contrast with the smooth parts
of the surface, producing a novel finish which we call or name "shawnec
coating." We also form cylinders (capable of rotating) of such perforated
plates, over which the fabrics are caused to pass, and by means of rotating or
moving damp and dry brushes within the said cylinder, the surface of the
fabric is operated upon through the perforations in like manner as before
described. We also cut rollers (capable of rotating) in relief, or with the
figure prominent to any pattern or design, and pass the fabrics over, stretching
them at the same time, and by means of rotating or moving brushes, as before
described, applied to the surface. The fabric is operated upon on the prominent
parts only; thus we obtain the same patterns or designs upon the fabric which
are cut upon the rollers. It will be readily understood, that if a thin per-
forated plate be laid upon the surface of a woollen cloth, previously finished in
the ordinary way with the nap or loose fibre "raised" and laid smooth in one
direction, by applying a brush thereto in a contrary direction, the nap on
those parts of the fabric exposed by the said perforations will be brushed up
and become rough, whilst those parts which are covered by the substance of
the plate will remain smooth, thus producing a figure or design on the surface
thereof resembling embossed velvet or figured "Witney coating."
The manner in which our said Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and the
letters of reference thereon, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a

page_text: vertical section, and rig. a pian of the machinery or apparatus we employ
for this purpose.
is a cylinder, formed of a perforated sheet of zinc: b is a cylindrical
brush, which rotates upon its axis within the cylinder and in contact therewith,
and with a roller also capable of rotating in a trough supplied with water;
the said brush receiving moisture from the roller applies it through the perfora-
tions of the cylinder to the fabric: c is another rotating cylindrical brush, caused
to slide or reciprocate by means of the oblique pulley or cam d working in
the clasp stud e, and as it rotates impinges or acts against the cylinder,
brushing up the nap of the fabric through the perforations; and g are guide
rollers, for conducting the fabric around and against the external surface of
the cylinder; and h and i, drawing rollers for drawing the said fabric forward
from the cylinder, &c. Motion is given to the brushes by the pullies on the
driving shaft (or by a wince handle) and the gear wheels k, l, m, and n.
The drawing rollers receive motion from the other end of the driving shaft by
means of the gear wheels o and p, which wheels are capable of change for
varying the speed of the drawing roller; the cylinder is also caused to rotate
by the train of gear wheels connecting the said cylinder with each end of the
drawing rollers, which are also capable of being changed to vary the speed of
the cylinder. The course of the fabric is shewn by the dotted line.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of the oblique pulley or cam and clasp stud, with
part of the brush shaft c.
Figs. 5 and 6 are elevation and plan of the gear wheel on the other end of
the brush shaft, with a driving clutch thereon for giving rotary motion to the
brush c.
Figs. 7 and 8 are elevation and plan of a roller cut in relief, and which in
this case is fluted, but various designs may be cut on such rollers.
Fig. 9 is a section of a machine arranged for the employment of this kind
of roller. The fabric is shewn by the dotted line.
Having thus fully described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details herein set
forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but we claim as our Invention, and which to the best of our
knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm,-
Firstly, the use of perforated plates for raising the nap of fabrics to any
desired device or design..
Secondly, the use of perforated cylinders and rollers, with the pattern or
design raised in relief for the same purpose.

page_text: And, thirdly, the arrangement and combination of machinery or apparatus
for working or carrying out the said several parts of our Invention, as herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Lister and John Mitchell, for
and on behalf of ourselves and the said Charles Weiss, have hereunto
set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
HENRY LISTER (L.S.)
JOHN MITCHELL. (L.S.)
Witness.
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Clerk to W Tasker, Patent Agent, Halifax.