Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Kilns for Drying and Burning Bricks, Tiles, Earthenware Pipes, and other Earthenware Goods.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Kilns for
Drying and Burning Bricks, Tiles, Earthenware Pipes, and other
Earthenware Goods.
I, JOHN CHARLES BATES, of Hayward Street, Coseley, near Bilston in the
County of Stafford, Manager of Brick Works, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to construct and arrange kilns of the ordinary
character used for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and other
earthenware goods in a manner which, while allowing the kilns to be used each
independently of one another, affords facilities for conducting, under a variety of
conditions, the products of combustion from one or more kilns, or the heated air
from one or more kilns being cooled down, to another or other kilns of the same series
for the purpose of heating such other kiln or kilns.
According to this invention, the kilns are arranged following one another
end ways, with a single division wall dividing each kiln from the one next to it.
Commencing with the kiln at one end of the series, the flues in the bottom of the
kiln run into the division wall between such kiln and the next and join into flues
which branch outwards therefrom in the thickness of the wall, and which at their
outer ends join into upward flues provided with dampers which communicate with
longitudinal flues which run, one on each side, along the whole length of the range
of kilns and communicate with the chimney stack: The flues in the bottom of
the second and each succeeding kiln run into the division wall between such kiln
and the next beyond, and communicate with flues controlled by dampers which lead
into the longitudinal flues in the manner above described with reference to the first
kiln. Secondary longitudinal flues, one on each side, run along the whole range of
kilns and communicate with the chimney stack, and these flues each communicate
with each kiln through an opening in the roof thereof, each such opening being
controlled by a damper; and these secondary flues are, respectively, near to the
inner sides of the primary or first mentioned longitudinal flues, being conveniently
divided therefrom simply by a thin brick wall. An opening controlled by a damper
is formed between the primary and secondary longitudinal flue on each side opposite
to each opening from the secondary flue into a kiln. Further, openings controlled
by dampers are formed from the flues in the thickness of each division wall to
allow the products of combustion to pass from such flues into the next kiln.
Dampers are provided in each secondary longitudinal flue in position just beyond
each pair of openings which communicate, respectively, between a secondary and
primary flue and between a secondary flue and the interior of a kiln; and dampers
are provided in the primary longitudinal flues also, each in position immediately.
beyond an opening formed from one of such flues into the adjacent secondary flue.
If the series of kilus is worked in consecutive order commencing from one end,
then while bricks or other goods are being burnt in No. 1 kiln the heat from such
kiln may be passed direct into No. 2 kilu, either through the openings formed into
and No. 2 kilos,
such latter kiln from the flues in the division wall between No.
or the heat may be carried in through the roof of No. 2 kiln from the primary
longitudinal flues, passing direct across the secondary flues through the openings
provided therefor; or if No. 1 kiln is being cooled down when green bricks or other
green goods have been placed in No. 2 kiln, the hot air may be passed out through
the roof of No. 1 kiln, along the secondary longitudinal flues, and in through the
roof of No. 2 kiln. No. 3 kiln, also, may receive the products of combustion or the

page_text: hot air from No. 2 kiln just in the manner in which No. 2 kiln has been described
as receiving the products of combustion and hot air from No. 1 kiln; and so ou
throughout the series. The products of combustion or heated air may be passed
also from one kiln through two or more of the other kilns if desired; or the products
of combustion or hot air may be passed from any kiln of the series into any
other kiln of the series, whether the kilns are adjacent to one another or a distance
apart, the arrangement of flues indeed permitting of the products of combustion
or hot air from one or more kilns being carried into another or other kilns in a
considerable variety of ways. It is not essential that one kiln which is receiving
heat from another kiln shall be one which is nearer to the chimney stack, as the
arrangement of flues allows the products of combustion and hot air to be carried
from a kiln which is nearer to the chimney stack into and through a kiln which is
more remote therefrom; and the number of possible ways of working one or more
kilns into another or others may be considerably increased by increasing the number
of primary and secondary longitudinal flues.
Dated this 5th day of December 1893.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Kilns for
Drying and Burning Bricks, Tiles, Earthenware Pipes, and other
Earthenware Goods.
I, JOHN CHARLES BATES, of Hayward Street, Coseley near Bilston in the
County of Stafford, Manager of Brick Works, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to construct and arrange kilns of the ordinary
character used for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and other
earthenware goods, in a manner which, while allowing the kilns to be used each
independently of one another, affords facilities for conducting, under a variety of
conditions, the products of combustion from one or more kilns, or the heated air
from one or more kilns being cooled down, to another or other kilns of the same
series for the purpose of heating such other kiln or kilns or drying the goods
therein.
According to this invention, the kilns are arranged following one another end ways,
with a single division wall dividing each kiln from the one next to it. Commencing
with the kiln at one end of the series, the flues in the bottom of the kiln run into
the division wall between such kiln and the next and join into flues which branch
outwards therefrom in the thickness of the wall, and which at their outer ends join
into upward flues provided with danipers which communicate with longitudinal
flues which run, one on each side, along the whole length of the range of kilns and
communicate with the chimney stack. The flues in the bottom of the second and
each succeeding kiln run into the division wall between such kiln and the next
beyond, and communicate with flues controlled by dampers which lead into the
longitudinal flues in the manner above described with reference to the first kiln.
Secondary longitudinal flues, one on each side, run along the whole range of kilus,
and these flues each communicate with each kiln through an opening in the roof
thereof, each such opening being controlled by a damper; and these secondary
Hues are, respectively, near to the inner sides of the primary or first mentioned
longitudinal flues, being conveniently divided therefrom simply by a thin brick wall.
An opening controlled by a damper is formed between the primary and secondary
longitudinal flue on each side opposite to each opening from the secondary flue into
a kiln. Further, openings controlled by dampers are formed from the flues in the

page_text: thickness of each division wall to allow the products of combustion or waste heat
to pass from such flues into the next kiln. Dampers are provided in each
secondary longitudinal flue in position just beyond each pair of openings which
communicate, respectively, between a secondary and primary flue and between a
secondary flue and the interior of a kiln; and dampers are provided in the primary
longitudinal flues also, each in position immediately beyond an opening formed from
one of such flues into the adjacent secondary flue.
A practical application of the invention is illustrated by the drawings herewith,
of which Figure 1 is a transverse section through a kiln constructed according to
this invention, looking in a backward direction, that is to say, in the opposite
direction to the outflow or chimney end of a series of such kilns, the section being
taken on the left-hand side of the centre line through the middle of the kiln and
on the right-hand side through one of the fire-holes; Figure 2 is a sectional plan
of the kiln taken at the level of the line ax Figure 1; Figure 3 is a longitudinal
section through a considerable portion of the length of one kiln, and a short portion
of the hinder end of the kiln immediately in advance thereof, the section being
taken on the line y y of Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a sectional plan, to a reduced
scale, shewing three of the kilns of a series of kilns, and a small portion of a fourth
kiln, constructed according to this invention, with the chimney at the outflow end,
the section through the kilus being taken at the different levels of the line = =
Figure 1.
Describing first the kiln illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 (and in doing so referring.
also to Figure 3), the flues A which run longitudinally under the floor thereof
communicate, by means of a number of narrow openings a through the floor,
with the interior of the kiln. The flues A commence at the hinder end of the kiln
and run forwards into vertical flues B formed in the division wall C between such
kiln and the kiln next beyond it in the series. These flues B communicate with
sideway Hues D formed also in the thickness of the division wall C. The sideway
flues D communicate with vertical flues E, also formed in the thickness of the
division wall C, and the flues E communicate with primary longitudinal flues F which
run along the whole series of kilns and communicate at their outflow ends with the
chimney stack. Openings G provide communication between the flues B and the
interior of the kiln next beyond that of which the under floor flues communicate
with such flues B. H are secondary longitudinal flues which run along the whole
series of kilns. Each secondary longitudinal flue communicates with the interior
of each kiln by means of a flue ); and a short flue K immediately opposite each
flue Jaffords means of communication between the primary and secondary longi-
tudinal Hues. In Figure 1 only one flue J and one Hue K is shewn by full lines,
namely on one side only of the kiln, as each flue J is in position towards one end
of the kiln and the flue on one side is as near to one end of the kiln as the other
flue is to the other end. The flues J and K on the other side of the kiln are indicated
by broken lines. There is nothing special in the means of firing the kilu, which
may be of the ordinary character as indicated. The flues E are controlled by
dampers b, the openings G by dampers c, the flues J by dampers d, and the flues K
communicating between the primary and secondary longitudinal flues. by dampers e,
all in a manner which will be well understood.
I will now proceed with the description of the invention by the aid also of
Figure 4 of the drawings, in which parts corresponding to parts shewn by
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are similarly lettered.
'
For convenience of referring to the kilns shewn by Figure 4 they are numbered,
respectively, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and though a considerable number of kilos, such as
eight or ten, may be used to make up the whole series, it is assumed for convenience
of description that the series shewn by Figure 4 consists of four kilns only, of
which number 1 is the first, or furthest from the outflow or chimney end of the
series.
Dampers are fitted to each secondary longitudinal flue H, in position between
the flues J therefrom, and consequently in position also between the flues K which

page_text: communicate between the secondary flue and the adjacent primary flue; and a
damper is fitted to each primary longitudinal Blue F in position between each
flue K therefrom and the flue E which is next in advance.
Each kiln is provided with outlet openings g, of the usual character, through
the roof, for use in cooling off, which are closed with a plate or brick when not
required.
If the series of kilos is worked in consecutive order commencing from the end
which is remote from the chimney stack, then while bricks or other goods are being
burnt in number 1 kiln the heat from such kiln may be passed direct into number 2
kiln either through the openings G which communicate with such latter kiln from
the flues B in the division wall between number 1 and number 2 kilus, the heat
in such case taking the course indicated by the arrows Figure 3, or the heat may
be carried in through the roof of number 2 kiln from the primary longitudinal
flues F, passing direct across the secondary longitudinal flues H through the
Alues K and J provided therefor, the heat in such case taking the course indicated
by the arrows Figure 1; or if number 1 kiln is being cooled down when green
bricks or other green goods have been placed in number 2 kiln, the hot air may be
passed out. from number 1 kiln into number 2 kiln in either manner above described
of passing the heat from number 1 into, number 2 kiln, or through the roof of
number 1 kiln through the flues J into the secondary longitudinal flues H and
thence through flues J through the roof of number 2 kiln. Number 3 kiln, also,
may receive the products of combustion or hot air from number 2 kiln just in the
manner in which number 2 kilu bas been described as receiving the products of
combustion and hot air from number 1 kiln; and so on throughout the series. The
products of combustion or heated air may be passed also from one kiln through
two or more of the other kilus if desired; or such products or hot air may be
passed from any kiln of the series into any other kiln of the series in advance
thereof, whether the kilns are adjacent to one another or a distance apart, the
arrangement of flues indeed permitting (as will be obvious) of the products of
combustion or hot air from one or more kilns being carried into another or other
kilns in a considerable variety of ways. It is not essential, moreover, that one
kiln which is receiving heat from another kiln shall be one which is nearer to the
chimney stack, as the arrangement of flues allows the hot air to be carried from a
kiln which is nearer to the chimney stack into and through a kiln which is more
remote therefrom, for instance hot air might be carried out through the roof
of number 4 kiln and along the secondary longitudinal flues H into the top of
Dumber 2 kiln without interfering with the working of number 3 kiln which in such
case might be in communication with the chimney stack through its flues B, D, E
and the primary longitudinal flues F. The number of possible ways of working
one or more kilns into another or others may be considerably increased by increasing
the number of primary and secondary longitudinal flues.
The flues B in the outer end wall of the kiln number 4, that is to say, the last
kiln of the series, communicate only with the primary longitudinal flues, that is to
say, they do not of course communicate direct through openings such as G with the
interior of another kiln, as there is no kiln beyond.
Kilns constructed and arranged in a series and provided with flues and controlling
dampers as described, are both very economical in working and enable the
operations of filling and emptying them to be performed under the most comfortable
conditions for the men employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and other
earthenware goods, arranged in a series so that each kiln is divided off by a wall
from the one next beyond it in the series, and so provided with flues and controlling
dampers that the products of combustion. or waste heat from one kiln may pass

page_text: through under-floor flues into flues in the division wall between itself and the next
kiln in the series and thence through openings in such wall into the interior of such
next kiln, or into longitudinal flues which run along the whole series of kilns and
communicate with the chimney stack, or may pass from such longitudinal flues into
the interior of another kiln, or heated air may pass from one kiln of the series
through secondary longitudinal flues into another kiln of the series, substantially
as described.
2. Kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and other
earthenware goods, arranged in a series so that each kiln is divided off by a wall
from the one next beyond it in the series, and so provided with flues and controlling
dampers that the products of combustion or waste heat from one kiln may pass
through under-floor flues into flues in the division wall between itself and the next
kiln in the series and thence through openings in such wall into the interior of
such next kiln, or into longitudinal flues which run along the whole series of kilns
and communicate with the chimney stack, or may pass from such longitudinal flues
into the interior of another kiln, substantially as described.
3. Kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and other.
earthenware goods, arranged in a series so that each kiln is divided off by a wall
from the one next beyond it in the series, and so provided with flues and controlling
dampers that the products of combustion or waste heat from one kilo may pass
through under-floor flues into flues in the division wall between itself and the next
kiln in the series and thence into longitudinal flues which run along the whole
series of kilns and communicate with the chimney stack, or may pass from such
longitudinal flues into the interior of another kiln, substantially as described.
4. Kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and other
earthenware goods, arranged in a series so that each kiln is divided off by a wall
from the one next beyond it in the series, and so provided with flues and controlling
dampers that the products of combustion or waste heat from one kiln may pass
through under-floor flues and thence into longitudinal flues from whence they pass,
or it passes, into the interior of another kiln, substantially as described.
5. In a series of kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes
and other earthenware goods, the combination of primary and secondary longi-
tudinal flues and flues by means of which they communicate with one another, and
their controlling dampers, with means by which the products of combustion and
waste heat are passed from one or more of the kilns into such flues and thence
into another kiln or kilns, substantially as described.
6. Kilus for drying and burning bricks, tiles, carthenware pipes and other
earthenware goods, arranged in a series so that each kiln is divided off by a wall
from the one next beyond it in the series, and so provided with flues and
controlling dampers that the products of combustion or waste heat from one kiln
may pass through under-floor flues into flues in the division wall between itself and
the next kilu in the series and thence through openings in such wall into the
interior of such next kiln, substantially as described.
7. In a series of kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes
and other earthenware goods, the combination of longitudinal flues (such as H)
and flues through which they communicate with the interiors of the kilns, and their
controlling dampers, by means of which heat may pass from one or more of the
kilns into another kiln or kilns, substantially as described.
8. A series of kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes and
other earthenware goods, arranged and provided with flues and controlling dampers,
substantially as described with reference to the drawings herewith.
Dated this Third day of September 1894.
STEPHEN
WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.