IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANISHING AND ROLLING SHEET METAL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to. John Titus Newton, of Ystalyfera, near Swansea,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANISHING AND
ROLLING SHEET METAL."
Sealed the 2nd November 1863, and dated the 16th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Titus Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th May 1863.
I, JOHN TITUS NEWTON, of Ystalyfera, near Swansea, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANISHING
AND ROLLING SHEET METAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for planishing
and rolling sheet metal. Sheets of metal are commonly planished by passing
them between two rollers set at a distance apart corresponding with the
thickness of the plate and carried by strong framing. It is desirable that
such rollers should both of them be of small size in order that the nip between
them may approximate as nearly as may be to a mathematical line. Practically
however two difficulties are found which have prevented pairs of planishing
rollers being made as small in diameter as they should be. The first is that
they yield or spring when the sheets of metal are passed between them, and
the second is that the surface of the rollers when of small extent is rapidly
worn away by the plates, and they consequently have frequently to be re-turned-
and made true.

page_text: According to my Invention I obviate these difficulties which have hitherto
prevented the use of pairs of planishing rollers of small size by putting such
a pair of rollers between two other rollers by preference of larger size. The
axes of all the rollers are in the same plane and the outer rollers are capable
of being set up towards each other in the usual manner. By this arrangement
it will be seen that when a plate is passed between the pair of small planishing
rollers they are prevented from yielding by the outer rollers, which support
them throughout their whole length, and as the two small planishing rollers
constantly run in contact with the outer rollers, they are ground true by them
as fast as they are worn away by the plates, hence they will run for a con-
siderable time without re-turning. By passing sheets of metal between rollers
arranged as above described the sheets will (as is usual) be extended at the
same time that they are rendered smooth and rollers arranged according to
my Invention may if desired be applied where the principal object is to extend
the sheets, and in this case the plates may be heated before passing them
between the rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Titus Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TITUS NEWTON, of Ystalyfera, near Swansea, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Titus Newton, Her special licence that I, the said John Titus
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Titus Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANISHING AND ROLLING SHEET METAL," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Titus Newton, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their

page_text: hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Titus Newton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for planishing
and rolling sheet metal. Sheets of metal are commonly planished by passing
them between two rollers set at a distance apart corresponding with the
thickness of the plate, and carried by strong frames. It is desirable that such
rollers should both of them be of small size, in order that the nip between
them may approximate as nearly as may be to a mathematical line. Practically
however two difficulties are found which have prevented pairs of planishing
rollers being made as small in diameter as they should be. The first is that
they yield or spring when the sheets of metal are passed between them,
and the second is that the surface of the rollers when of small extent is rapidly
worn away by the plates, and they consequently have frequently to be re-turned
and made true.
According to my Invention I obviate these difficulties which have hitherto
prevented the use of pairs of planishing rollers of small size by putting such a
pair of rollers between two other rollers by preference of larger size; the axes
of all the rollers are in the same plane, and the outer rollers are capable of
being set up towards each other in the usual manner. By this arrangement
it will be seen that when a plate is passed between the pair of small planishing
rollers they are prevented from yielding by the outer rollers, which support
them throughout their whole length, and as the two small planishing rollers
constantly run in contact with the outer rollers they are ground true by them,
as fast as they are worn away by the plates, hence they will run for a con-
siderable time without re-turning. By passing sheets of metal between rollers
arranged as above described the sheets will (as is usual) be extended at the
same time that they are rendered smooth, and rollers arranged according to
my Invention may if desired be applied when the principal object is to
extend the sheets, and in this case the plates may be heated before passing
them between the rollers.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation of a rolling
mill combined according to my said Invention. These Figures are drawn to
a scale of about one and a half inches to a foot.
a, a, is a pair of planishing rollers such as have before been used, their axes
are supported and adjusted by side bearings a', a'. This pair of planishing
rollers a, a, is placed between two other rollers b, b, of larger diameter than
the planishing rollers. The axes of the lower roller 6 turns in brasses or
bearings 6, 6, and the upper roller 6 turns in bearings 62, 63, which are
arranged in such manner as to be capable of being set up and adjusted by
the screws c, c. The rollers a, a, b, b, are by preference made of cast iron,
and with chilled surfaces. Motion is communicated to the lower roller 6 by
a.steam engine or other suitable power, and the other rollers derive their
motion from the lower roller 6, and it is preferred that the lower roller should
be driven at about forty revolutions per minute.
In the Drawings the relative diameters of the rollers are those which I
prefer to use, but they may be varied.
What I claim is the combined arrangement of rollers herein described for
planishing and rolling sheet metal.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Titus Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
J. T. NEWTON. (L.S.)