THE PREPARATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FIXING COLORS IN DYEING AND PRINTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Scheurer Rott, of Thann, in the French
Empire, Manufacturer, for the Invention for "THE PREPARATION OF
CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FIXING COLORS IN DYEING AND PRINTING, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 4th January 1860, and dated the 18th October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Scheurer Rott,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th October 1859.
I, AUGUSTE SCHEURER ROTT, of Thann, in the French Empire, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PRE-
PARATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FIXING COLORS IN DYEING AND PRINTING,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I treat gluten, cassein, and fibrin in order to obtain products which may be
substituted for albumen in the fixing of colors in dyeing and printing, and in
many other uses in the arts. When gluten is macerated in water containing
a thousandth part of acid, hydrochloric, acetic, nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric,
lactic, or other acid possessing similar properties, it divides or separates very
gradually, and finishes at length by dissolving entirely. The solution is
slightly acid, but is not, as might be imagined, a simple solution of acid and

page_text: gluten, but a regular chemical decomposition takes place, which gives rise to
several products. If the solution is carried to a state of ebullition, a regular
coagulum is formed similar to that from albumen. By separating the
coagulated parts by filtration, and then saturating the liquor with an alkali,
a flocculent precipitate is deposited. This product is very distinct from
gluten; it is insoluble in water, little soluble in alkali, but, on the contrary,
very soluble in acids. I employ together or separately these two products for
fixing colors in dyeing and printing.
By way of example, I proceed to explain my method of obtaining the
solution of gluten to be used in printing textile fabrics. 1,500 grammes
(about 4 lbs. troy) of gluten are placed to macerate in 1 litre (nearly
1 quart) of water, containing 1 gramme (15 grains) of hydrochloric acid of
commerce. I prefer this acid, its action being prompt. After the expiration
of 12 hours the division is effected. I gather the modified gluten, and add
10 grammes of acetic acid... By malaxation a homogeneous paste is obtained,
which dissolves very readily in water. It is only requisite to add more or
less water to obtain a solution more or less viscous. With a more complete
dissolving of the gluten, the material would not possess the requisite qualities
in printing colors upon fabrics to produce a good impression, on account of
its being too fluid, therefore the operation should be stopped before the com-
plete dissolving of the gluten, as I have above indicated, when a paste is
produced containing a sufficient dose of the products derived from gluten to
secure perfect adhesion after being fixed upon the fabric.
The product before mentioned as being insoluble in water and in alkali
plays an important part in the employment of the derivatives of gluten for
fixing colors upon fabrics, and in proportion to its insolubility the colors resist
the action of water and of soap.
For printing upon fabrics, it suffices to incorporate with the paste the
-coloring matters to be fixed by it; or the products derived from gluten may
be fixed in their coloration, effected by printing in various coloring matters.
Violet from anniline dissolves in it perfectly, but in order to produce dark
shades of this color, it is better to add a few drops of acetic or other like
acid. After printing, the fabrics are steamed, as is usual in colors fixed by
albumen.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Scheurer Rott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
SCHEURER ROTT, of Thann, in the French Empire, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Sheurer Rott, Her special licence that I, the said Auguste
Sheurer Rott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Auguste Sheurer Rott, executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE
PREPARATION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FIXING COLORS IN DYEING AND PRINTING,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Auguste Scheurer Rott, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Scheurer Rott, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:―
I treat gluten, in order to obtain products which may be substituted for
albumen in the fixing of colors in dyeing and printing, and in many other
uses in the arts. When gluten is macerated in water containing a thousandth
part of acid, hydrochloric, acetic, nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, lactic, or other
acid possessing similar properties, it divides or separates very gradually, and
finishes, at length, by dissolving entirely. The solution is slightly acid, but
is not, as might be imagined, a simple solution of acid and gluten, but a
regular chemical decomposition takes place, which gives rise to several
products. If the solution is carried to a state of ebullition, a regular

page_text: coagulum is formed similar to that from albumen. By separating the
coagulated parts by filtration, and then saturating the liquor with an alkali,
a flocculent precipitate is deposited. This product is very distinct from
gluten; it is insoluble in water, little soluble in alkali, but on the contrary,
very soluble in acids. I employ together or separately these two products for
fixing colors in dyeing and printing.
By way of example, I proceed to explain my method of obtaining the
solution of gluten to be used in printing textile fabrics. One thousand five
hundred grammes (about four pounds troy) of gluten are placed to macerate
in one litre (nearly one quart) of water, containing one gramme (fifteen
grains) of hydrochloric acid of commerce. I prefer this acid, its action
being prompt. After the expiration of twelve hours, the division is effected.
I gather the modified gluten, and add ten grammes of acetic acid. By
malaxation a homogeneous paste is obtained, which dissolves very readily in
water. It is only requisite to add more or less water to obtain a solution
more or less viscous. With a more complete dissolving of the gluten, the
material would not possess the requisite qualities in printing colors upon
fabrics to produce a good impression, on account of its being too fluid,
therefore the opperation should be stopped before the complete dissolving of
the gluten, as I have above indicated, when a paste is produced containing
a sufficient dose of the products derived from gluten to secure perfect adhesion
after being fixed upon the fabric.
The product before mentioned as being insoluble in water and in alkali
plays an important part in the employment of the derivatives of gluten for
fixing colors upon fabrics, and in proportion to its insolubility the colors resist
the action of water and of soap.
For printing upon fabrics it suffices to incorporate with the paste the
coloring matters to be fixed by it; or the products derived from gluten may
be fixed, and their coloration effected by printing or dyeing in various coloring
matters. Violet from anniline dissolves in it perfectly, but in order to produce
dark shades of this color, it is better to add a few drops of acetic or other
like acid. After printing, the fabrics are steamed, as is usual in colors fixed
by albumen.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, treating gluten, in order to extract from it a coagulum similar to
that of albumen, and a precipitate which is insoluble in water, but soluble in
acids, as herein-before described.
Second, the employment of the products obtained from gluten, together or

page_text: separately, as a substitute for albumen for fixing colors in printing and dyeing
on fabrics, and for other useful purposes for which albumen has been heretofore
employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Scheurer Rott, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD, jº.,
Ingénieur Civil,
A. SCHEURER ROTT. (L.S.)
Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23,
à Paris.