Improvements in Triturators.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1895
"
Improvements in Triturators.
I, ALBERT JOHN WEATHERHEAD, of No. 21 Frankfort Street, in the City of
Cleveland, in the County of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, United States of
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to triturators.
Fig. 1 is a vertical central sectional elevation of one form of my invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the pestle alone, and
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the mortar alone.
Fig. 4 is a cross section of a hopper shaped cap adapted to be set over the centre
of the pestle about the post therein.
L
Fig. 5 is a cross section on line x, x, Fig. 1.
My invention is designed for laboratory work, for crushing and pulverizing ores,
quartz or rock of any kind for assaying or other purposes, and, indeed for other
-uses requiring a pulverizing or grinding machine. It may be used with hand power
or with steam, water or electrical power, as, may be convenient, and of any desired
size, according to use.
...The mortar A is shown here as having supporting legs a, and has an opening a
at its side and bottom, through which the pulverized material is discharged. In the
centre is a crushing post B. This post is shown here as vertically ribbed, fluted or
corrugated, but it may be smooth or substantially smooth, or it may have spiral or
other corrugations. It is shown here as oval in cross section from top to bottom,
as clearly appears in Figs. 3 and 5, but immediately at its bottom below the cross
line,, it.is preferably round in cross section.
+
The bottom of the.mortar about the crushing post and between it and the side
of the mortar is slightly concave or circular in cross section, but otherwise is
perfectly smooth. This surface may, however, be flat instead of rounding and do
equally good work, and there will be no difference in the discharge because I depend
on the centrifugal action of the pestle to carry the material outward and clear the
working surfaces.
甫
The pestle C is shown here as having a converging or copoidal opening down
through its centre, terminating at its bottom close about the post B, and having a
free feed space at the bottom of the opening and extending inward under the inner
edge of the pestle as seen at c. Ribs or corrugations c are formed vertically..in the
wall of this opening and are designed to co-operate,with the ribs.b on the post Bin
engaging lumps or pieces of the coarse material as it is fed into, the machine and
helping to break. and reduce the lumps in their, descent to the pulverizing or
grinding surface beneath.
The ribs c, or, their equivalent, such as flutes, corrugations or the like, may, extend
only part way down, and be at the top, the bottom or the middle, or they may be
wholly omitted and the, surface made, smooth. This latitude of construction is
allowable, because of the oblong "formation of the crushing post in cross section.
Thus, suppose that either or both the ribs b and c were omitted. If chunks of, ore
or the like were then fed into the machine we should have the stationary post
oblong in section in a perfectly round. opening, and the chunk, or piece. would crowd
by its own gravity into a position. where it would be crushed and caught. If the
material were hard and brittle, it would break into smaller pieces which themselves
"

page_text: would gravitate at once to the place where they in turn would be caught and
crushed, and this operation would continue until the material was broken fine enough
to pass unerneath the pestle. The same result follows in the construction here
shown. Once under the pestle the material is ground practically into flour, and is
thrown out through the hole a¹. On the outside of the pestle at its bottom are
projections or sweeps cl which carry the ground material around to the hole a¹.
These sweeps catch the material as it is thrown out and keep the space between
the parts free from undue accumulations.
The mortar may be made one-half or even one-fourth its present height, and
serve quite as well as when higher because the upper part thereof, as here shown,
answers no specially useful purpose unless it be to assist in keeping the pestle in
crushing position by preventing too much tilting when a hard object is fed into the
machine and the pestle is borne to one side thereby. Otherwise, a shorter mortar
will be equally serviceable.
In Fig. 4 show a cap D which may be set over the hole in the pestle, and
has a cavity that fits over the post B. This cap has a flange d on which it
rests and a small hopper d¹ to receive the material. Ordinarily this cap need
not be used, but if there be a tendency to throw off dust the cap will prevent it.
It should be understood that the central post B may be made in still other
forms in cross section than shown and described, as, for example, it may be
hexagonal or octagonal, and the invention lies deeper then the mere form of
configuration of said post. So, also may the wall of the central opening down
through the pestle be varied and still keep within the invention. For example, it
may be an opening with parallel sides, which would work very well with any of the
forms of post described. The post itself may be relatively much shorter than here
shown and serve a very good purpose, so that it will be seen that the invention is
capable of considerable modification without departing from the spirit thereof.
In case the machine is used in wet grinding or amalgamating, the discharge
orifice can be temporarily closed with any suitable cork or plug.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. The mortar having an upward projection centrally from its bottom and a
pestle with a feed passage down through its centre having its wall on a different
vertical plane from the side of said projection, substantially as set forth.
2. The mortar having an upward projection at its centre, and a pestle with a
feed passage down through its centre and about the said projection, substantially
as set forth.
3. The pestle with an opening down through its centre of varying diameter, and
a mortar having a central part extending into and above the smallest diameter of
the said opening, substantially as set forth.
4. The mortar having a raised centre and a pestle having an opening down
through its centre, and constructed about the bottom of said opening and at the
base of said raised centre to freely feed the material to the pulverized surface of
the mortar and pestle, substantially as set forth.
5: The pestle having an annular opening down through its centre, and a mortar
with a post in said opening constructed with certain parts of its surface nearer the
surface of said opening than other parts in the same cross section, substantially as
set forth.
6. The mortar provided with an upward projection in its centre and the pestle
with a passage down through its centre, and the wall of said passage and the said
projection constructed to co-operate in crushing and reducing the material,
substantially as set forth.
7. The mortar having a central projection and an annular surface in its
bottom around said projection, and a discharge opening at its side and bottom,
and a pestle in said mortar having a central feed opening, whereby the material is

page_text: taken in at the centre of the machine and discharged at its side, substantially
set forth.
8. The mortar with a discharge opening at its side and bottom, and a pestle with
a central feed and one or more sweeps at its side and bottom to carry the pulverized
material to said discharge opening, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 7th day of January 1895.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.