Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles in Glass, Tile, Pottery, Metals, and like Substances, by a Process for Producing thereon Letters, Figures, or Designs in Permanent Colors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct.,
1890
Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22010 July, 1897-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles in Glass, Tile, Pottery,
Metals, and like Substances, by a Process for Producing thereon
Letters, Figures, or Designs in Permanent Colors.
We, JAMES JACQUES, of West Greaves, Glass Artist, WILLIAM EDWARD
MCCALLA of 24 Sun Street, Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer, and JAMES NICHOLSON,
of 49 Dale Street, Engineer, all in the Town and County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
Our improvements are made upon those described in a Complete Specification
filed by two of us, namely, James Jacques and William Edward McCalla in an
Application for a Patent No. 18:34 of 1896, and relates to improved processes for
producing letters, figures and ornamental designs in permanent colors upon sheets
or pieces of glass, tiles and other material, capable of being fused by heat.
In carrying out our invention, we employ or may employ the machinery and
arrangements described in the aforesaid Complete Specification for coating or
imprinting upon the articles which are to have the letters, figures or ornamental
designs applied thereto, or we may employ modifications of the said machinery
and arrangements described, or other methods of applying color or non-fusible
material to the articles to be operated upon according to our improved processes.
By one process according to our invention, we print the face of the glass or
material to be treated with non-fusible mixture, that will not adhere to the
surface of the article when fired" and when this printed non-fusible material
is dry, we print or otherwise cover or coat all or such parts of the surface of the
article as may be required by the design, with a mixture of fusible materials or
colors which may be of different colors or shades of color as required.
Then the article so prepared is "fired" or burned in a suitable oven or kiln,
and when the applied material is fused, and is made to adhere by the heat, the
article is taken out of the furnace and is allowed to cool, and is then washed or
brushed to remove from its surface the non-fusible material first printed thereon,
and this leaves the other parts of the article covered by the fusible mixture or
mixtures permanently burned into the surface of the article; the design first
printed in non-fusible material leaves the surface of the glass or other material in
that state whether transparent or opaque, or colored, in which it was before treat-
ment; the outline of the printed design being in this case formed by the fusible
material which has been burned into the surface of the article.
By another process according to our invention we paint, coat, cover or print a
fusible mixture of one or more colors or shades of color upon the surface of the
article to be treated, then when this is dry we print the design upon the fusible
material by a mixture that will withstand water or brushing when dry.
Then the surface of the article so treated is then washed or brushed to remove
the fusible material not protected by the varnish or mixture used to protect it
against water or brushing leaving the required design in fusible material
protected by the varnish or like suitable material.

page_text: This varnish can be washed away if desired without disturbing the design under
it in the fusible mixture, but this is not necessary.
Then the article so prepared is burned or "fired" in the kiln to fuse the
materials and the surface of the article to make the two combine together and
become permanent.
If desired the machinery according to our invention is or may be arranged so
that the colors or materials will be applied in any convenient manner or by print-
ing or laying on the color or colors by cylindrical surfaces, and while travelling
along may be dried by heat or a current of hot or cold air until they come to the
next set of mechanism for printing, or they may pass in succession to several
sets of printing mechanism applying different colors or shades of colors or
material and may also be subjected to the washing or brushing process before
being fired" or burned.
After being "fired" or burned, the articles are or may be passed through a
brushing and washing apparatus, to remove the material not burned into the face
of the article.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
...Agent. -
Improvements in the Manufacture of Articles in Glass, Tile, Pottery,
Metals, and like Substances, by a Process for Producing thereon
Letters, Figures, or Designs in Permanent Colors.
We, JAMES JACQUES, of West Greaves, Glass Artist, WILLIAM EDWARD
MCCALLA of 24 Sun Street, Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer, and JAMES NICHOLSON,
of 49 Dale Street, Engineer, all in the Town and County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our improvements are made upon those described in a Complete Specification
filed by two of us, namely, James Jacques and William Edward McCalla in an
Application for a Patent No. 1834 of 1896, and relates to improved processes for
producing letters, figures and ornamental designs in permanent colors upon sheets
or pieces of glass, tiles and other material capable of being fused by heat.
In carrying out our invention, we employ or may employ the machinery and
arrangements described in the aforesaid Complete Specification for coating or
imprinting upon the articles which are to have the letters, figures or ornamental
designs applied thereto, or we may employ modifications of the said machinery
and arrangements described, or other methods of applying color or non-fusible
material to the articles to be operated upon according to our improved processes.
By one process according to our invention, we print the face of the glass or
material to be treated with non-fusible mixture, that will not adhere to the
surface of the article when "fired" and when, this printed non-fusible material
is dry, we print or otherwise cover or coat all or such parts of the surface of the
article as may be required by the design with a mixture of fusible materials or
colors which may be of different colors or shades of color as required.
Then the article so prepared is "fired" or burned in a suitable oven or kiln,
and when the applied material is fused, and is made to adhere by the heat, the
article is taken out of the furnace and is allowed to cool, and is then washed or
brushed to remove from its surface the non-fusible material first printed thereon,

page_text: and this leaves the other parts of the article covered by the fusible mixture or
mixtures permanently burned into the surface of the article; the design first
printed in non-fusible material leaves the surface of the glass or other material in
that state whether transparent or opaque or colored in which it was before treat-
ment; the outline of the printed design being in this case formed by the fusible
material which has been burned into the surface of the article.
This process is more particularly intended for producing designs, the ground of
which is to be the material upon which the design is formed-for example, say
the article to have the design upon it is opal glass, which is almost a perfect opaque
white, then when this unchanged surface is to form the ground of the design, it
is printed or otherwise formed on the surface of the article by a non-fusible
material, which is or may be composed of any mixture of gum, dissolved in spirit,
such as turpentine, forming a gum varnish which is mixed with whiting or plaster
of Paris in sufficient quantity to form a thick paint. Or instead of this gum
varnish common black varnish of commerce is used mixed with a sufficient
quantity of whiting or plaster of Paris to form a thick paint. When this non-
fusible mixture is printed upon the opal glass and has dried, the entire surface of
the article incinding that part printed upon by the non-fusible mixture is coated
or such portions of the surface of the article are coated or printed with a fusible
material of any desired color or colors. This fusible material is similar to the
ordinary enamel colors used by glass decorators. When this fusible material is
applied to the surface of the article it is "fired" in a furnace kiln or oven which
is or may be similar to the furnace kiln or oven used by glass accorators, the heat
heing directed more particularly upon the surface to be ornamented so as to fuse
the material and the surface of the article with which it is to be united.
When properly "fired" and cooled the surface of the article is brushed or
washed or both, and this removes the non-fusible material and the fusible material
Iid upon it and not in direct contact with the fusible surface of the article, and
leaves the design upon it formed by the natural face of the article, opal glass in
this example, the design or figures being bounded or outlined by the fusible
material laid on as described and made to adhere by heat as explained..
It should be noted that the varnish of the non-fusible material must be formed
with spirit so that the material will not be affected by fusible material
forming the applied ground color of the surface of the article other
than the design printed thereon, as it is preferable to mix the fusible material
used with water. In the process above described it will be seen that the non-fusible
material protects the article from the effects of "firing" on those parts of its
surface to which the fusible material is not intended to be burned in.
By another process according to our invention we paint, coat, cover or print a
fusible mixture of one or more colors or shades of color upon the surface of the
article to be treated then when this is dry we print the design upon the fusible
material by a mixture that will withstand water or brushing when dry.
Then the surface of the article so treated is then washed or brushed to remove
the fusible material not protected by the varnish or mixture used' to protect it
against water or brushing leaving the required design in fusible material
protected by the varnish or like suitable material.
This varnish can be washed away if desired without disturbing the design under
it in the fusible mixture, but this is not necessary.
Then the article so prepared is burned or "fired" in the kiln to fuse the
materials and the surface of the article to make the two combine together and
become permanent.
The ordinary fusible enamel colors used by glass decorators herein before referred
to are used, mixed to the consistency of paint with water and just sufficient of
gum arabic to make the material adhere to the surface of the article to be treated
when dry. When this fusible material is applied to the surface of the article by
painting or any other suitable means and is dry, the design is printed upon the
coating of fusible material by common black varnish of commerce or Brunswick

page_text: black and as this varnish when dry adheres very strongly to the fusible material
already laid upon the article it will withstand the action of brushing or washing
or both, which brushing or washing will remove from the surface of the article
the applied fusible material not protected by the black varnish. We may state
that any other suitable varnish may be used if impervious to water.
After washing or brushing or both, the design represented by the imprinted
varnish protects the fusible material below it, and the article is then "fired" as
before explained.
"
We have ascertained since filing our Provisional Specification that the most
rerfect results are obtained by this last described process when after washing or
brushing or both the black varnish is removed from the design before "firing
the article, by applying a solvent thereto such as turpentine or naphtha, as the
fusible material under the varnish is of a watery nature and the solvent does not
affect it, so that the fusible color or material remains on the article after the
varnish is removed and it is fused thereon when it is "fired."
The processes herein described are more particularly advantageous when designs
having large surfaces of color have to be applied to the articles to be treated.
If desired the machinery according to our invention is or may be arranged so
that the colors or materials will be applied in any convenient manner or hy print-
ing or laying on the color or colors by cylindrical surfaces, and while travelling
along may be dried by heat or a current of hot or cold air until they come to the
next set of mechanism for printing, or they may pass in succession to several
sets of printing mechanism applying different colors or shades of colors or
material and may also be subjected to the washing or brushing process before
being "fired" or burned.
After being "fired" or burned, the articles are or may be passed through a
brushing and washing apparatus to remove the material not burned into the face
of the article.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The process or processes of treating or ornamenting articles of glass and other
similar materials capable of being fused to the required extent, by letters, figures
patterns or designs by printing or applying thereto the design in non-fusible
material, and then applying fusible material thereto, and firing the article to
make the ornamentation or design substantially as herein before described.
2. The process or processes of treating or ornamenting articles of glass and other
similar materials capable of being fused to the required extent, by letters, figures
patterns or designs by applying to their surfaces fusible materials, printing the
design thereon with a suitable varnish removing the parts unprotected by varnish
by washing or brushing and then "firing" to make the fusible material left on
the surface of the article permanent substantially as herein before described, or
first dissolving the varnish after brushing and washing before firing or burning
substantially as herein before described.
Dated this Twenty-first day of July 1897.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.