Improvements in Apparatus for the Distribution of Petroleum and other Concentrated Insecticides and Mould Destroying Agents upon Plants.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov.. 19°2
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug., 1695-ccept d
44th Nov,
1403
Complete Specification Len, zou Aug., 1090
ես
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Distribution of Petroleum and
other Concentrated Insecticides and Mould Destroying Agents
upon Plants.
I WILLIAM SPIERS FREEMAN of Invicta Works Otford Kent Mechanical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object certain improvements to machines for the
distribution of petroleum or other concentrated liquid insecticides or mould
For this
destroying agents, in the form of a fine spray upon plants & trees.
purpose I use a separate vessel or container into which the concentrated liquid to
be diffused is placed which said liquid is not free to mix with the dilutant (contained
in the ordinary machine as used for the purpose) until (being carried separately
along suitable conduits) it reaches the spraying nozzle (or the pipe or conduit in
close proximity thereto) where only the concentrated liquid and the dilutant are
free to mix and to issue together.
The said concentrated liquid is forced to its destination by the same power or
pressure used to force the dilutant, by reason of a communication between the said
vessel or container and the air vessel of the ordinary machine or garden engine, by
which means the pressure on the surface of the concentrated liquid contained in the
said vessel or container is in equilibrium with that pressure produced by the pumps
of the machine or garden engine, consequently the concentrated liquid and the
dilutant each travel along their respective conduits from their sources of supply at
even pressure and issue at the nozzles in the same relative predetermined proportion
whatever the pressure may be in the pumping engine.
1 can also use the liquid pressure of the pumps (instead of air) to force the
concentrated liquid to the nozzle by separating the two liquids (the concentrated
& the dilutant) by a piston or diaphragm in the cylindrical container, but I
prefer air.
The relative proportion of concentrated liquid and dilutant is regulated by taps
or valves.
The nozzle or diffuser consists of a central fine pointed cone having a hole
through the axis thereof for the transmission of the concentrated material &
connected with the lower part of the container by means of a pipe preferably of
copper. Over the base of the above cone is screwed a hollow adjustable cone
suitably connected with the pumps of the garden engine with piping for the
conveyance of the dilutant.
By shutting off the dilutant and allowing the pumps to pump air only, a very
fine mist of concentrated liquid is ejected if desired.
In like manner air may be forced up the concentrated liquid jet to produce a fine
of dilutant.
spray
T
1
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
0 Improvements in Apparatus for the Distribution of Petroleum and
other Concentrated Insecticides and Mould Destroying Agents
upon Plants.
I WILLIAM SPIERS FREEMAN of Invicta Works, Otford, Kent Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
5 same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention has for its object certain improvements to machines for the

page_text: distribution of petroleum or other concentrated liquid insecticides or mould
destroying agents in the form of a fine spray upon plants and trees.
For this
purpose I use a separate vessel or container into which the concentrated liquid to
be diffused is placed which said liquid is not free to mix with the dilutant (contained
in the ordinary machine as used for the purpose) until (being carried separately
along suitable conduits) it reaches the spraying nozzle (or the pipe or conduit in
close proximity thereto) where only the concentrated liquid and the dilutant are
free to mix and to issue together.
The said concentrated liquid is forced to its destination by the same power or
pressure used to force the dilutant by reason of a communication between the said
vessel or container and the air vessel of the ordinary machine or garden engine by
which means the pressure on the surface of the concentrated liquid contained in the
said vessel or container is in equilibrium with that pressure produced by the pumps
of the machine or garden engine consequently the concentrated liquid and the
dilutant each travel along their respective conduits from their sources of supply at
even pressure and issue at the nozzles in the same relative predetermined proportion
whatever the pressure may be in the pumping engine.
I can also use the liquid pressure of the pumps (instead of air) to force the
concentrated liquid to the nozzle by separating the two liquids (the concentrated
& the dilutant) by a piston or diaphragm in the cylindrical container, but I
prefer air.
The relative proportion of concentrated liquid and dilutant is regulated by taps
or valves.
The nozzle or diffuser consists of a central fine pointed cone having a hole
through the axis thereof for the transmission of the concentrated material and
connected with the lower part of the container by means of a pipe preferably of
copper. Over the base of the above cone is screwed a hollow adjustable cone
suitably connected with the pumps of the garden engine with piping for the
conveyance of the dilutant.
By shutting off the dilutant and allowing the pumps to pump air only a very fine
mist of concentrated liquid is ejected if desired.
In like manner air may be forced up the concentrated liquid jet to produce a fine
spray of dilutant.
In order to more clearly understand the nature of my invention as applied to
horse power machines used for washing hops & other plants I will refer to the
drawings Sheets Nos. I & II which being working drawings of the actual machine
can be the more readily understood. The machine being ready for work the
separate container W is filled with the concentrated fluid (the tap S. being turned
off) water or soap and water is poured through the opening F into the upper &
open chamber of the machine which by the action of the pumps H is pumped into
the airtight chamber G thereby creating a pressure of air in the upper portion of
this airtight chamber which being connected (as shewn) with the paraffin container
an equal pressure is created therein to force the paraffin to the diffusing jets V
Fig. 2 the dilutant at the same time flowing thereto through the pipe y valve R.
strainer S and pipes T & U; the two liquids combining and discharging into the
air in the form of a fine spray at the jet V. The pressure upon the paraffin and
the dilutant being equal the mixed liquids will issue in the same relative &
regulated proportions whatever the pressure may be.
When the dilutant is all pumped into the airtight chamber G the pumps will
continue to pump in air and so maintain the pressure in this chamber, any excess
being discharged or relieved by the relief valve R as shewn.
Having described and shewn the general action of the machine I will now
describe the mechanical details of novelty:
(1) The Land or Driving Wheels. The point of novelty consists in the
application of a cam or pawl m. attached as shewn (Fig. 3) engaging with a boss
or ratchet Q which said boss or ratchet is keyed or pinned to the main axle M.
When m. engages with Q the main axle M will revolve with the wheel but when m.

page_text: is raised & kept from engaging with Q by means of a pin or other suitable device,
the main axle will remain stationary. In other machines the main axle revolves
when travelling empty thereby wearing the glands or sleeve bearings & causing
leakage.
(2) The Crank Shaft. This is built up of three pieces which allows of plain
sleeve bearings being used as when the two crank ends are inserted into the sleeve
bearings the central portion carrying the pinion is dropped in and the flanges
bolted up: (the said flanges having been previously turned and faced to an
accurate fit).
(3) The Pumps. The points of novelty in these consist in the pumps (either to
horse or hand machines) after they have finished pumping liquid from the open
container continuing to pump air, thereby maintaining the pressure in the closed
container G. also the arrangement of rubber band valves as shewn at & h. the
valve being by preference of a flat band form, and the exit valve being
preferably in the form of a circular band (in section). These valves are easily
replaced, are cheap, silent in action & will not readily leak with a small piece of
debris under-them.
(4) The Separate Paraffin Container. This consists of a vessel W connected
with the air chamber of the machine as shewn; the central tube passing up through
the same is to prevent the paraffin flowing into the dilutant contained in the close
chamber G. The vessel W has a filter at the bottom (or at any other convenient
point) as shewn through which the paraffin is filtered and flowing through the stop
cock S to the distributing box t and the tubes u finally reaches the spraying
nozzles V.
If desired I can place the separate containers Fig. 5.on to the branch pipes U
in which case the container W and the small tubes u will not be required as the
liquid pressure of the dilutant will force out the paraffin, as described in
paragraph 9.
(5) The Stopping and Starting Valve R.. In the ordinary horse power hop
washing machines the jets do not start until the machine has travelled some distance
in its work but in my arrangement of the closed chamber G (after pressure is once
gained) the jets start instantly on pressing down the valve R which is retained by
a spring or catch and instantly released and the jets stopped by the closing of the
valve at the end of each alley or at any other time as required.
(6) The Strainer S. This consists of 2 halves o. & p. hinged together and
fastened by a thumb screw as shewn & having a fine wire gauze strainer attached
across the interior face of the half p. The joint is made tight by the insertion of
a (circular section) rubber ring between the two halves as shewn. When it is
desired to clean the gauze the thumb screw (shewn in elevation in Fig. 2) is
loosened and the half p swung open when the strainer can be readily cleaned of
debris.
(7) The Spraying Jet Fig. 4. consists of a main stem V1 having a central axial
hole for conveying the paraffin (fitted with a regulating screw or valve ») from the
supply pipe u. The cover cone V2 is adjustable by being threaded on to the main
stem V1 & locked in the required position by a lock nut. The dilutant passes to
the interior of the said cover cone by one or more holes round the central paraffin
hole (as shewn on plan) these holes may be drilled at an angle to create a whirl
and the central paraffin cone may also have a spiral groove thereon (to assist the
whirl) in combination with the holes drilled at an angle.
(8) The Closed Chamber G. is constructed of two curved sheets, the interior
sheet carrying the pumps being eccentric to the outer as shewn on Fig. 1. the ends
thereof being closed (to form a closed chamber and an open chamber) by means of
the side plates C having grooves or channels formed therein as shewn at E. E. for
the purpose of receiving the ends of the curved drums, the whole being held
together by the tie bolts D and galvanized inside and out to prevent leakage and
oxidation. The upper portion of the closed chamber G acts as the air vessel.

page_text: (9) Separate Paraffin Container (using liquid pressure). As stated in my
Provisional Specification I may use liquid pressure for forcing the paraffin to the
spraying nozzle and for hand machines this may be preferred to air altho' either
may be used in my invention-but where the liquid pressure is obtained from a
water main this form of container is essential and is shewn in detail in Fig. 5
Sheet III and consists of a tube or vessel in which a piston or diaphragm is free to
slide which said piston divides the paraffin from the dilutant. The action is as
follows. The milled cap A is unscrewed from the tube B. and after forcing the
piston C. (suitably packed) to the bottom (as shewn) the tube B. is filled with
paraffin and the cap A replaced. The dilutant under pressure entering by a
rubber or other tube at D. presses up the piston and forces the paraffin through
the worsted filter E up the passage F (made by filing a flat on the regulating
screw G) to the diffusing nozzle H. The dilutant passes through the holes I. up
the annular space created by the protector tube J through the passages in the
cap A to the space K and out at the diffusing nozzle H. The paraffin passing up
the centre and the dilutant issuing all round it, thoroughly mixes the two.
either of the two nozzles described the mixing may be done in the jet chamber K
by using a shorter paraffin nozzle and so drilling the dilutant passages in the cap
as to create a whirl, but I prefer the former. The dilutant and the concentrated
insecticide e.g. paraffin will issue in this (as in the other form of apparatus using
air) in the same relative proportion whatever the pressure may be on the supply
pipe.
In
The spraying cáp H is bored out to a point as shewn one half of the external top
portion being filed or cut away as shewn exposing one half.only of the orifice, that
portion of the inside of the cone so left deflects the dilutant at an angle over the
top of the paraffin nipple and thoroughly mixes the liquids and projects them in.a
fine mist or spray.
(10) The Complete Machine may be used as an ordinary single liquid machine
by shutting off or not using the separate container or containers or any of the
details 1 to 10 may be combined & used on existing machines as required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
-claim is.
"
on to
The improved means for, and method of, distributing, and "spraying
plants and trees, petroleum and other liquid insecticides or "mould" destroying
agents, substantially as herein described, and shewn in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 5th 1
1000
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers, 20, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agent for Applicant.