Improvements in Apparatus for Cleansing, Bleaching, Burling, Scalding, Drying, Carbonizing, and Dyeing Spun Textiles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 22nd Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1888
Improvements in Apparatus for Cleansing, Bleaching, Burling,
Scalding, Drying, Carbonizing, and Dyeing Spun Textiles.
JULES ALBERT BERLY Civil and Electrical Engineer of 3 Deronda Road Herne
Hill London S.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the construction of an apparatus by means of which
I obtain, in the operations of cleansing, bleaching, burling, scalding and dyeing spun
goods a regular or homogenous circulation of the coloured liquids together with its
consequent results viz.: a perfect regularity of effect and a perfect uniformity in the
tints applied on the spun goods, at the same time keeping each cop or bobbin
absolutely independent from the others so as to constitute a complete apparatus of
itself.
In the accompanying drawings, in Sheet 1; Fig. 1, T is a metallic tube perforated
through a portion of its length.
Fig. 2 is a cop fitting the tube T and also perforated through a portion of its
length but in such a manner that the perforations of one tube do not correspond to
those of the other. By this arrangement, the number of holes being considerable in
each piece, a large number of holes will coincide when the cope is placed on the
tube T, whatever may be the position of the former on the latter allowing therefore
numerous channels for the free circulation of the liquid. The cop may be made of
paper and on it is wound the spun thread as shown in C Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus and Fig. 5 a plan of same.
A is a tank of any given shape and containing the liquid which it is proposed to
use for the operation.
t is a tube passing through the bottom of the tank A.
p is plate or tray, the central hole of which hermetically fits the tube t. It is
provided at the top with two circular concentric ribs a and b.

page_text: The said ribs contain an equal number of corresponding slots such that the cops
may be made to lay into them as shown in the plan Fig. 5, the bases of the cones
being nearer the centre and their points towards the circumference. The number of
cops or bobbins contained in the apparatus varies with the size of same. In the
drawings, rows of sixteen cops are shown.
The sixteen cops being thus placed into their respective receptacles, a ring b
provided at its top and bottom with an equal number of corresponding slots or
indentures is placed on the top of b, and similarly a ring a¹ on the top of ring a.
Each of the first sixteen cops is thus secure into the collars produced by the juxta-
position of the rings and owing to the slight but sufficient pressure with which they
are made to exert upon each other, the paper constitutes an hermetical packing or
joint.
A second series of sixteen cops is now placed in the indentures at the top of rings a¹
and b¹ and secured by means of two similar rings a² and 62 and so on until the
apparatus is full.
The cover g acts as the last series of concentric rings, being provided with circular
concentric ribs h. i indented, at the lower part in a manner exactly similar to the
rings a. b; a¹, b¹, etc.
The cover g is also provided with two top concentric rings J. K and its annular
portion S comprised between the walls J and K is perforated so as to act as a filter.
The said perforated ring s may be covered with metallic gauze, felt or any other
material so as to prevent any impurities which may be contained in the bath to find
their way into the apparatus.
The cover g is secured, and the whole arrangement of rings and cops is maintained
together by means of a series of bolts d d.... and a central eye-bolt allows of the
whole apparatus being dipped into position in the tank, or withdrawn for the purpose
of disgarnishing and replenishing.
The apparatus being in position in its bath, the liquid is made to circulate in the
direction indicated by the arrows, by means of a pump, an injector or any other
apparatus capable of exhausting the liquid at the bottom and forcing it to the top.
The suction thus produced only take its effect on the large bases of the metallic tubes
(which, as herebefore explained all converge toward the centre of the apparatus),
and consequently through the holes of the metallic tubes, those of the paper tubes
and through the threads wound on these latter tubes, the liquid passing from outside
inside.
The liquid is raised to the top of the tank in which it is delivered and the active
circulation of the liquid can be maintained as long as desired.
The fact that each cop constitutes a complete apparatus of itself is demonstrated
when, if for any reason, only a portion of the indentures are garnished with cops,
the perfect working of the apparatus is secured by plugging the empty indentures
with solid cops of wood, india rubber or any other compact material.
By reversing the process of suction and delivery, the liquid may, if desirable, be
made to circulate from inside the cops outside; or the liquid may be made to circulate
by compression.
I have found by experience that all the operations are more advantageously carried
out when the circulation of the liquid takes place from inside outside and this is
almost compulsory when performing the operations of fixing the dye and rinsing as
it has for effect of getting rid of the useless substances or impurities which might
have been deposited on the cops in the course of the previous operations.
When instead of using a circular tank, a tank of any other suitable shape is used,
as the rectangular tank shown in Figs. 6 & 7 Sheet 2, I provide a sufficient
number of openings for the suction so as to secure an absolutely homogenous
circulation of the liquid.
The apparatus is garnished outside the tank and, when ready, placed into the
latter; the circulation being established, another apparatus is disgarnished and
replenished outside and in its turn placed into the tank; all the apparatuses are so
treated in rotation thereby effecting a saving of time.

page_text: After rinsing, the apparatuses are taken out of the tank and brought, such as they
are into a hot air drying apparatus or on a gas apparatus for the purpose of carbonizing
the vegetable matters contained in the wool.
In the case illustrated in Figs. 6 & 7, Sheet 2, the multiple apparatus shown is
intended for a large production and the apparatuses may either be fed by one single
pump connected by a series of pipes to every apparatus, or by a separate pump
connected individually with each apparatus.
Figs. 8 and 9, Sheet 2 illustrate the mode of laying the cops or bobbins between
the concentric rings.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cleansing, Bleaching, Burling,
Scalding, Drying, Carbonizing, and Dyeing Spun Textiles.
JULES ALBERT BERLY Civil and Electrical Engineer of 3 Deronda Road Herne
Hill London S.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The object of my Invention is the construction of an apparatus by means of which
1 obtain, in the operations of cleansing, bleaching, burling, scalding, drying,
carbonizing and dyeing spun goods a regular or homogenous circulation of the
coloured liquids together with its consequent results viz.: a perfect regularity of
effect and a perfect uniformity in the tints applied on the spun goods, at the same
time keeping each cop or bobbin absolutely independent from the others so as to
constitute a complete apparatus of itself.
In the accompanying drawings, left with the provisional specification,
In Sheet 1; Fig. 1, T is a metallic tube perforated through a portion of its length;
and closed at the small end.
Fig. 2 is a cop fitting the tube T and also perforated through a portion of its length
but in such a manner that the perforations of one tube do not correspond to those
of the other. By this arrangement, the number of holes being considerable in each
piece, a large number of holes will coincide when the cop is placed on the tube T,
whatever may be the position of the former on the latter allowing therefore numerous
channels for the free circulation of the liquid. The cop may be made of paper and on
it is wound the spun thread as shown in Fig. 3.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus and Fig. 5 a plan of same.
A is a tank of any given shape and containing the liquid which it is proposed to
use for the operation.
t is a tube passing through the bottom of the tank A.
p is a plate or tray, the central hole of which hermetically fits the tube t. It is
provided at the top with two circular concentric ribs a and b.
The said ribs contain an equal number of corresponding slots such that the cops
may be made to lay into them as shown in the plan Fig. 5, the bases of the cones
being nearer the centre and their points towards the circumference. The number of
cops or hobbins contained in the apparatus varies with the size of same.
drawings rows of sixteen cops are shown.
In the
The sixteen cops being thus placed into their respective receptacles, a ring b
provided at its top and bottom with an equal number of corresponding slots or
indentures is placed on the top of b, and similarly a ring a' on the top of ring a.
Each of the first sixteen cops is thus secure into the collars produced by the juxta-
position of the rings and owing to the slight but sufficient pressure into which they
are made to exert upon each other, the paper constitutes an hermetical packing or
joint.
A second series of sixteen cops is now placed in the indentures at the top of rings a¹
and 6 and secured by means of two similar rings a² and and so on until the
apparatus is full.
The cover g acts as the last series of concentric rings, being provided with circular
concentric ribs hi indented, at the lower part in a manner exactly similar to the
rings a. b; a', b¹, etc.
The cover g is also provided with two top concentric rings J. K and its annular
portion S, comprised between the walls J and K is perforated so as to act as a filter.
The said perforated rings S may be covered with metallic gauze, felt or any other
material so as to prevent any impurities which may be contained in the bath to find
their way into the apparatus.
The cover g is secured, and the whole arrangement of rings and cops is maintained
together by means of a series of bolts d d and a central eye-bolt allows of the
whole apparatus being dipped into position in the tank, or withdrawn for the purpose
of disgarnishing and replenishing.
The apparatus being in position in its bath, the liquid is made to circulate in the
direction indicated by the arrows, by means of a pump, an injector or any other
apparatus capable of exhausting the liquid at the bottom and forcing it to the top.
The suction thus produced only take its effect on the large bases of the metallic tubes,
(which, as herein before explained all converge toward the centre of the apparatus),
and consequently through the holes of the metallic tubes, those of the paper tubes
and through the threads wound on these latter tubes, the liquid passing from outside
inside.
The liquid is raised to the top of the tank in which it is delivered and the active
circulation of the liquid can be maintained as long as desired.
The fact that each cop constitutes a complete apparatus of itself is demonstrated
when, if for any reason, only a portion of the indentures are garnished with cops
the perfect working of the apparatus is secured by plugging the empty indentures
with solid cops of wood, india rubber or any other compact material.
By reversing the process of suction and delivery, the liquid may, if desirable, be
made to circulate from inside the cops outside; or the liquid may be made to circulate
by compression.
I have found by experience that all the operations, are more advantageously
carried out when the circulation of the liquid takes place from inside outside and
this is almost compulsory when performing the operations of fixing the dye and
rinsing as it has for effect of getting rid of the useless substances or impurities
which might have been deposited on the cops in the course of the previous
operations.
When instead of using a circular tank, a tank of any other suitable shape is used,

page_text: as the rectangular tank shown in Figs. 6 & 7 Sheet 2, I provide a sufficient number
of openings for the suction so as to secure an absolutely homogenous circulation of
the liquid.
The apparatuses are garnished outside the tank and when ready, placed in position
into the latter; the circulation being established, and as the process goes on the
apparatuses are successively taken out of the tank and replaced by newly garnished
ones; all the apparatuses are so treated in rotation thereby effecting a saving of
time.
After rinsing, the apparatuses are taken out of the tank and brought, such as they
are into a hot air drying apparatus or on a gas apparatus for the purpose of
carbonizing the vegetable matters contained in the wool.
In the case illustrated in Figs. 6 & 7, Sheet 2, the multiple apparatus shown is
intended for a large production and the apparatuses may either be fed by one single
pump connected by a series of pipes to every apparatus, or by separate pumps
connected individually with each apparatus.
Figs. 8 & 9, Sheet 2 illustrate the mode of laying the cops or bobbins between the
concentric rings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
The combination of cops mounted on perforated supports, metallic and otherwise,
and resting in indentures provided in a series of superposed concentric rings the
whole arrangement resulting in an apparatus in which the fluids used in the operations
of cleansing, bleaching, burling, scalding, drying, carbonizing and dyeing spun
textiles can be made to circulate from either inside outside or outside inside the said
cops each individual cop constituting a perfect complete apparatus of itself
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
London Twenty first November 1887