Year: 1886

page_text: We JOSEPH NIGHTINGALE and JOHN NIGHTINGALE of the City of Paterson in
the County of Passaic and State of New Jersey one of the United States of America
Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Heretofore a drag composed of a rope secured in a suitable position at one end
having a weight attached to the other end with one or more turns of the rope
around the warp beam to cause the same to deliver the warp threads in the loom
in accordance with the tension placed on the same determined by the number of
turns of the drag rope around the warp beam has been employed. This means for
maintaining the desired tension on the warp threads is found to be unreliable for the
reason that changes of temperature acting on the drag rope produces changes in
the tension of the warp threads. If the temperature be low and moist the moisture
is absorbed by the drag rope which contracts the rope and increases the tension on
the
warp threads by cramping the warp beams action, causing the same to deliver
the warp threads in the loom by jerks producing thereby a ribby and uneven
fabric reducing its market value and causing loss to the manufacturer, besides
which it causes unusual strain and excessive wear on the harness from the warp
threads in the formation of the shed making frequent renewals of the harness
necessary. The object of our invention is to provide a reliable and automatic
means for controling the warp beam in looms, wherein the beam will deliver the
warp threads in the loom automatically at a uniform tension at each formation of
the shed. The invention consists in a let off motion for looms composed of and
combined with devices which will be fully explained and claimed. Fig. 1 of the
drawing shows a portion of one side of an ordinary loom in elevation having our
invention attached thereto. Fig. 2 a rear elevation of the same with a portion of
our invention attached, in which figure the top of the loom is removed. And
Fig. 3 is a plan of the same having our invention attached in which figure a
portion of the loom frame driving shaft, rock lever warp-beam, and tension roller
are removed.
19
17

page_text: constructed the same as is usual with looms of that class does not need to be
* further described herein. To the sides of the loom frame and to the rear standards
thereof we arrange and secure by bolts, slotted brackets q having slots 1. In the
slots 1 of the brackets q that are vertically arranged we arrange a tension roller D.
The roller D is adjustable in the slots 1 and is journalled in the upper end of
levers p the lower end of levers p are pivoted to a projection formed on a rock
lever by a pivot bolt 2. The rock-lever os which we arrange transversly in
the loom and journal in the sides of the loom frame is provided centrally with
a weight lever o on which lever is arranged a weight o¹ as shown.
On the rock-lever o³ we arrange suitably and secure by a bolt, a guard o³ this
guard o is provided with a tapering lower end o' to act forcibly on the inner end of
a pawl i that we pivot to a pawl arm e¹ by a pivot bolt . The pawl arm e¹ which
we arrange between rollers g' has a bifurcated end f¹ in which we journal a roller f
to be engaged by a cam e placed on the driving shaft d. The rollers g' we journall
in brackets g that are bolted to the frame A¹. In the pawl arm e¹ we arrange and
secure one end of a spring to draw forward the pawl arm after the same has been
forced rearward by the cam e the opposite end of the spring h we secure to the
loom frame. The warp beam C is jourualled in brackets 5 bolted to the frame of
the loom. On the warp beam C we arrange and secure a worm wheel n to
accomodate a worm m which we arrange on a shaft 1. The shaft we also provide
with a ratchet wheel k to be engaged by the pawl i by which means the shaft is
actuated, the pawl i is provided with a spring i' while the shaft is journalled in
and supported by a step that is secured to the frame A¹ as shown. To the sides
of the loom frame we arrange and secure by a bolt brackets 3 in which brackets
we journal a guide roller E, while the cloth beam B is journalled in brackets 4.
that are bolted to the loom frame. The warp threads E¹ are taken from the warp
beam C, over the roller D under roller E through the loom to the cloth beam as
shown. The loom is supposed to be in motion and the operation is as follows
The cam e engages the roller f and forces rearward the pawl arm e¹ which is drawn
forward by the spring h put in tension by 'the rearward movement of the arm e¹
under the influence of the cams action thereon, which actions of the cam and
spring impart a reciprocating movement to the pawl arm e¹ and by means of said
arm a like movement to the pawl i which causes the pawl to take up a certain
number of teeth on the ratchet wheel k at each rearward movement of the arm e¹
which turns the shaft and worm m and by means of worm m turns the warp
beam C, causing the warp beam to unwind the warp threads E¹ from off the same
at a uniform tension to be taken through the loom woven into fabric and wound
on the cloth beam B in the usual way. As the weaving is continued the warp
beam C delivers the warp threads in the loom under a uniform degree of tension
regulated by means of the weight o' which is adjustable on the lever o as the
weight is moved out towards the end of the lever the tension on the threads
warp
will be increased and the opposite will be the case when the weight is moved
inward on the lever Should the tension be decreased on the warp threads by a
derangement of the devices in the front of the loom the weight o' will carry the
lever o downward and cause the guard o to engage the pawl i and by means of
the taper end o* as the guard is carried down by the weight, force inward the
end 8 of the pawl until the ratchet wheel k escapes the pawls action thereon,
which stops the delivery of the warp threads in the loom by the warp beam, while
in the same action the outer end of the lever o³ was elevated and by means of
lever p the tension roller D was raised in the slots 1 to take up the slack on
the warp threads, thus automatically stopping the delivery of the warp threads in
the loom when the take up is deranged. When the normal tension on the warp
threads is restored the weight o¹ is raised to its elevated position by the tension
on the warp threads which action raises the guard o' when the spring causes
the pawl to re-engage the ratchet wheel k and take up thereon its usual number
of teeth at each rearward movement of the pawl arm el and causes the warp
beam C to deliver the warp threads E¹ in the loom at their normal tension while

page_text: the tension roller D was drawn down in the action to its former position in the
slots 1. By our invention a uniform tension is automatically maintained on the
warp threads E¹ at each formation of the shed which prevents unequal strain on
the harness with excessive wear and early fracture from the chafing of the warp
threads thereon which makes renewals of the harness less frequent. Another great
advantage derived from the use of our invention is that by the uniformity of
tension which it maintains on the warp threads the weft threads are thrown
in evenly throughout the fabric by the shuttle which gives a smooth even face to
the cloth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The combination with the loom frame and brackets g having rollers g¹ and
secured to said frame of the pawl arm e¹ arranged between said rollers g¹ and
having roller f, the cam e for actuating the pawl arm, the shaft d and spring h,
whereby a reciprocating movement is given to the pawl.arm substantially as
described.
2. The combination with the pawl arm e¹ having roller f reciprocated by cam e
of the pawl i arranged on said arm and reciprocated thereby the spring i³, the
ratchet wheel k for turning the shaft the shaft 7 for turning worm m the worm m
the wheel n for turning the warp beam the warp beam C and step for supporting
the shaft and loom frame substantially as described.
3. The combination with the pawl i and arm e¹ for reciprocating said pawl of
the guard o for actuating the pawl the lever o the lever o the weight o¹ for
actuating the guard and loom frame substantially as described.
4. The combination with the lever os of the lever p pivoted to said lever o³ the
roller D journalled in said levers p, the brackets q provided with slots 1, the
roller E, the brackets 3 for supporting the roller, the cloth beam B; the brackets 4
the warp beam C the brackets 5 and loom frame substantially as described.
Dated the nineteenth day of March 1886.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Agent for Applicants' Attorneys.