New or Improved Process and Apparatus for the Production of Woven Fabric from Reeds and other similar Material.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th May, 1897-Accepted, 16th Oct., 1897
New or Improved Process and Apparatus for the Production of Woven
Fabric from Reeds and other similar Material.
I, ANTON BEHNES, of Papenburg in the German Empire, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of woven
fabric from reeds and other similar material in which the stalks to be woven are
connected to the main wires (which are placed at right angles to the stalks by
means of fine binding wire carried in shuttles).
The chief advantages of this invention over the process and apparatus or
machinery heretofore in use are that the whole apparatus can be operated and
served by one person, and that such person has both hands free for the placing
of the stalks in position. Further the improved apparatus or loom offers the
advantage that it works with only two movements, which are effected by a
reciprocating slide, whilst in looms of the ordinary construction three movements
are required.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are side views of an apparatus
adapted for carrying out my invention. Figure 3 shows the arrangement of the
shuttles. Figure 4 is a section taken on the line of Figure 3; and Figures 5
and G show a shuttle drawn to a larger scale than the other figures.
The frames a carry a shaft b adapted to rotate in suitable bearings. This shaft
has secured on it a chain wheel b which serves to operate the entire apparatus.
Alternating rotatory movements of the chain wheel 6 are effected by the levers c¹
provided with the pedals c; these levers act on the two-armed lever by means
of the connecting links c, in such manner that the chain wheel makes an
alternating rotatory movement equal to about one eighth or a quarter of a revolu-
tion each time the pedal levers are operated.
On the top of the frames a is arranged a shaft d rotating in suitable bearings.
On this shaft is fixed a toothed wheel d which receives a reciprocating rotatory
motion from the chain wheel b₁ by means of the chain e and the chain-wheel e¹
on the said shaft d.
The toothed wheel & gears with the toothed rack d³ which is so connected with
the slide 9, serving to receive the shuttles f, that the said slide has imparted to
it a corresponding to and fro motion from the up and down movement of the
pedal, and from the rotatory reciprocating motion of the toothed wheel d
connected therewith, whereby the toothed rack is caused to slide in the guides d³.
The shuttles f, which carry the thin binding wire wound on the rotating spools f¹
contained therein, are so arranged in the slide that they can only be moved
horizontally at right angles to the sides of the machine whilst they are moved
with the slide parallel to the said side.
In order to communicate the side movement to the shuttles slide-ways h are
employed, which effect the said side movement by means of the oblique surfaces

page_text: on the shuttles coming in contact with the corresponding oblique parts of the
said slide ways h.
The main wires i, which are placed at right angles to the reeds or other stalks,
and which are delivered from the roller k, are guided round guide rollers k¹,
pass through the slide g, (which, for that purpose is provided with openings g¹) é
and then, after passing between the guide rollers.k and under the large roller ³
(which latter puts in motion the clockwork for measuring the woven fabric) are
led over the cloth beam and are wound thereon. In order that the circum-
ferential velocity of the cloth beam, which is always increasing in diameter by
reason of the woven fabric wound on to it, may remain constant the following
arrangement is employed.
J
On the shaft is pivotted a lever m which is connected by means of a connecting
rod m', with the lever n', pivotted at to the part 5 and is caused to oscillate
by the action of the machine. The lever n' is furnished with a pawl n² which
takes into the teeth of the ratchet-wheel n³ turning on the shaft n.
The ratchet wheel has on its other side a retaining pawl n³ to prevent the
backward motion of the wheel when the lever n' is raised. It will now be
seen that at each of the downward movements of the lever n the ratchet wheel n³
will be moved forward a distance corresponding to the stroke of the lever n¹,
and that at the completion of each revolution of the wheel n³ the pin n fixed on the
side of such wheel comes into gear with the wheel o and turns it to the extent of
one tooth. On the shaft o¹ of the wheel o is also arranged the toothed wheel o³,
which gears with the toothed rack pl guided in vertical guides ; this toothed
rack regulates the stroke of the lever n¹ as well as the circumferential speed of
the cloth beam 1, by means of the lever 7,2 resting thereon (which lever rests with
its other end in a slotted support 23) and also by means of the part 7 provided
with a set screw 2. From these arrangements it follows that when the toothed
rack is raised the point n alters its position so that the stroke of the lever n¹
is reduced and the said lever produces a smaller movement of the ratchet wheel n³
by means of the pawl n³, whereby the speed at which the cloth beam takes up
the finished material is, reduced also..
Above the frame a are fixed hooks or curved brackets 7 which serve to support
the reeds or other stalks, and which hooks or brackets are conveniently arranged
so that the person attending the machine can easily reach the said reeds or stalks
placed upon them.
When a stalk is put into the machine through the funnel shaped opening
and the machine is put in motion, by means of, the pedals the binding of the said
stalk to the main wires is effected by the binding wires contained in the shuttles f
being carried with the shuttles round the main wires and round the stalks.
The purpose of the gripper, is to press the stalk firmly, and to hold it in its
place until it is bound to the main wires. The process is repeated after each
revolution of the ratchet wheel, and the cloth beam is turned to a corre-
sponding degree. It may be observed that the number of shuttles corresponds
to the number of the main wires 2, and these can be, arranged as may be required.
They may be made of a length suitable for the length of the woven fabric to be
produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The new or improved process for producing woven fabric from reeds and
other similar material, which consists in binding each separate stalk to the main
wires by means of binding wire carried on spools in shuttles which are caused to
move in a horizontal plane round the main wires, substantially as described.
Second. For the purpose of carrying out the process forming the subject matter
of the first claiming clause hereof, the arrangement of a slide in such manner
that the shuttles f placed therein are carried round the main wires by their

page_text: longitudinal to and fro movements combined with lateral movements produced
by the wedge-shaped ends of the shuttles coming in contact with corresponding
inclined or oblique surfaces on the slide-ways h for the purpose of binding the
reads or other stalks to the main wires, substantially as described.
Third. For the purpose of carrying out the process forming the subject matter
of the first claiming clause hereof, the arrangement of a lever n' acting on a
ratchet wheel n³, and adapted to have its stroke varied by means of a toothed
rack p', acting upon a lever, whereby a constant circumferential speed of the
cloth beam c is maintained, substantially as described.
Dated this 5th day of Alay 1897.
A. BEHNES.
Per W. H. Beck,
115 Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.