NEW AND IMPROVED METHODS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF AND APPLICATION OF A VARIETY OF COOKING, CULINARY, AND DOMESTIC ARTICLES AND UTENSILS, SOME OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CLEANING AND A VARIETY OF SIMILAR USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SMITH, of No. 13, Newcastle Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at.
Westminster, the Second day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-four, in the eighth year of. Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto the said Charles Smith, Her especial licence,.
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Smith, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations, including the Channel
Islands, my Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED METHODS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF AND APPLICATION OF A VARIETY OF COOKING, CULINARY, AND DOMESTIC
ARTICLES AND UTENSILS, SOME OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CLEANING AND A
VARIETY OF SIMILAR USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Charles Smith, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
A

page_text: the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Smith, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully described and ascer-
tained in the following statements and descriptions thereof, reference being
had to the several Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:
From the simplicity of the forms of a great portion of the improved articles,
the Drawings alone will be sufficient for a practical person perfectly to under-
stand my new methods and improvements; but that in order to give the
best explanation in my power, I have divided the several improved or con-
structed articles, and drawn the Plans and Specification of the same, under
twenty heads or claims, the first of which relates to apparatus to be used
in cleaning chimney flues and tops, and for clearing the ashes, &c. from fire-
places, constructed in my improved system herein described, avoiding the
inconvenience and dirt attending these operations as at present performed; for
chimney tops so arranged that the external currents of air assist instead of
retarding the draft; for new methods of forming strong and pliable poles
applied to brushes for cleaning chimneys; and for the application of enamel
surfaces to iron chimney pieces and other articles in various colors.
The following descriptions of the Drawings, and the modes of performing the
same, will be readily understood. The same letters refer to the same parts
in the sections, plans, and elevations.
Plan No. 1, Division 1, Figure 1.-A is the longitudinal section of a stack
of chimneys, constructed on my improved plan, in the way to shew my
methods of cleaning above mentioned. The red color is masonry, and the
lighter colors the fireplaces and flues. B is an aperture communicating
with all the upper fireplaces and flues by means of closely fitted cast or
wrought metal frames, hinged valves, slides, or dampers; the cleaning brush
is shewn applied, being passed in at the aperture at the bottom, just above the
chamber or receptacle C, formed to receive the soot, &c., which aperture
can be opened or closed, as occasion requires, by an iron frame and door
closely fitted and hinged thereto. Figure 2 is a section, and Figure 3 an
elevation of the valve I most approve of, when the cleaning aperture and
the fireplace are sufficiently near to allow its application. By turning the
winch D, which has a socket fitted to the square end of the axle pin E, which
turns the toothed pinion F, working in the rack G, the slide or valve is made
to pass upwards or downwards in the groove of the frame, at the same motion

page_text: closing one flue or aperture and opening the other, by means of the staple H
riveted to the upper side of the slide valve, which embraces and slides with
ease on the quadrant formed bar I, riveted to the hinged perpendicular swing
valve. J shows the valves for turning the brush into the fireplace flue when
cleaning is required. K shews the fireplace flue open, and the hinged valve
for admitting and turning the brush into the fireplace flue closed. L shews a
second method, when the fireplace flue and the cleaning aperture are to far apart
for the convenient use of the above method. When this is the case I make
the valves separately; that for closing the fireplace flue is hinged, and closely
fitted to a metal frame, and may be pushed up with the poker, in which state
it is shewn, and can be pulled down by the chain to cover the fireplace while
the chimney is cleaning. The hinged swinging valve which turns the brush in
the flue is opened and held so by a winch with a socket fitted to a square
pin projecting from the centre of the hinged joint, and long enough to come
flush with the breast of the chimney. These valves, slides, or dampers may
be constructed in various forms; I will therefore here mention that my
Invention relates to all such articles when applied to these or similar purposes.
Figure 4 is a section, and Figure 5 an elevation, of an iron box and grating
with an aperture and slide at the deepest end; the top of the grating is fixed
even with the hearthstone under the grate in the centre of the fireplace, and
the finer parts of the ashes fall through into the box, and *
discharged by
lifting the perpendicular slide by means of the handle M, the ashes passing
through the inclined aperture, shewn in section Figure 1, at each of the fire-
places, and falling into the receptacle C. Figure 6 is a longitudinal section
of a chimney top of zinc or other suitable metal. The only difference between
the common cowl and this, my improvement, is, that the upper or traversing
part or hood is formed in two distinct parts or partitions, fixed about an
inch apart; the end or back which meets the wind is entirely open, and allows
the current to enter and pass over the rounded internal back of tho hood, and
out of the space between the two partitions in the direction in which the wind
and smoke are moving, with a force which materially assists the draft of tho
flue. Figure 7 is a longitudinal section, shewing my improvements in rendering
the parts or poles applied to chimney cleaning brushes, and for other similar
purposes, stronger and more pliable, which I accomplish by cutting, splitting,
dividing, or plaining and combining with glue, or otherwise, several pieces.
or filaments of straight grained tough woods, fitted or united together as
shewn in cross section, Figure 8, or by several small canes or other tough

page_text: rods, as shewn at Figure 9, or by combining small filaments of cane or other
wood, or suitable materials, as shewn at Figure 10; these rods, strips,
or filaments I press into the size required in a circular jawed vice, as
shewn at Figure 11, and bind them together, as shewn at Figure 7, at
intervals, with wire let in flush, as shewn at N. The ends of each length of
pole I fix in the sockets of the metal screws, as shewn at O, by forming a
groove round each, so that when the ends are inserted in the sockets the
grooves of each come opposite the other; I then run them full with lead,
through holes drilled in the sockets, by which they are firmly fixed. The
Jast part of this division of my Invention relates to the application of a
coating of enamel to chimney pieces of cast iron or other metal, so as to
represent marbles or other stones, or figured or ornamental surfaces. The
preparation of fluxing frits, and the application of metalic oxides, and
other colouring materials, are well understood. My Invention relates to the
mingling such materials, when prepared, and applying them to the purposes
before mentioned, which I perform as follows:-After the surface of the
article has been cleaned, and received on thin coat of enamel with a brush,
so as to assure adhesion when such coat becomes set, and the different
tinted or coloured enamel materials are prepared for use, which is familiarly
understood, but I will here state that I prefer about one eighth of fine argil-
Iaceous earth, mixed uniformly with them, to give consistency and toughness,
I mingle them on a cloth, as in scagliola, OF apply it to the surface of the
article with a spatula, trowel, or brush, to the thickness of about the eighth
of an inch, or as required, and I form it according to the pattern to be
imitated, taking care to vary the degrees of stiffness of the materials as they
require to be more or less mingled or blended, making the materials stiffer
the less it is intended to mingle or blend with others; and having prepared
in a suitable vessel, to about the pulpy consistency of cream, one of the
enamel materials of the color of the veiny appearance of the marble to be
imitated, when the spatula or trowel is used, I dip each bit of the more
solid materials, before applying it, in this mixture, and, when the enamel is
dry I vitrify it in a furnace, retort, muffle, or kiln, and rub it smooth with
sand or grit stone, and any defects in the veiny appearance being touched
over with the pulpy tint, it is finally glazed; or, when the coat of enamel is
of one uniform color, and it has been vitrified and rubbed down, I apply the
veiny or ornamental patterns or designs with a brush or sponge, as in graining;
or I print any design or pattern and apply it thereto, as is the practice in
similar operations in porcelain articles. In imitating such stones as granite
or porphry, I prefer forming the enamel when moistened into thin lamina, by

page_text: spreading it out to the thickness required on a stone or other dry surface,
and, having properly proportioned the materials as to colors, I chop them
into fine particles, and well mingle them. I then spread them to the thickness
required on a piece of canvas or moleskin, and with a brush apply the pulpy
mixture just sufficiently to surround and unite the particles, then spread on.
the top a fellow piece of cloth, and unite the materials by striking them
evenly and uniformly all over with a flat wooden beater; I then remove the
upper cloth, and moisten the enamel materials so as well to adhere to the
previously prepared surface of the article. Any round articles I prefer to
cover by wrapping the enamel round it while on the canvas, or I apply the
enamel first with a brush, instead of a spatula, as before described, and
having vitrified and rubbed down the surfaces, glaze them in the ordinary
way.
A little practice will be found sufficient for all the processes here
described.
The second head or claim of my Invention relates to apparatus, boilers, and
vessels for cooking with steam, and a variety of other useful applications
for heating or boiling fluids, &c. where a uniform heat is required, and for
modes of preventing the escape of the vapour and effluvia arising from heating
the same; also, for stoves or grates, with canopies and revolving or sliding
doors, to be used as close stoves or open fireplaces, all which will be well
understood by the following descriptions of the Drawings of the same:-
Plan 1, Division 2.-Figure 1 is a sectional plan of a boiler A, of cast iron
or other metal, for generating steam. B is the safety valve, and C a coil of
cast or wrought iron or other metal pipes, passing all round the external parts
of the boiler only, or on each side of the fireplace, or I form the bars hollow,
or pipes may be used for the purpose. The size of the pipes will be ruled
by the size of the boiler, and receive the heat passing round the flues, by
which the elasticity of the steam is greatly increased. The pipes on the
left side of the boiler are shewn encased with sheet iron, and surrounded with
silicicious sand, which I apply where a steady uniformity of heat or pressure
is required. D is a pipe, to which cocks are applied conducting the steam
after passing through the pipes to any apparatus, vessel, or place required, and
at the lower part of which is a cock to draw off the condensed steam. E shews
my method applied to pipes for raising the pressure of steam by heat through
the backs of ranges or fire grates. The bars of the grate itself I occasionally
form hollow, and those which form the back or sides of the fire grate I occa-
sionally encase in a recess formed, as shewn, in the iron back, and surrounded
with silicious sand,. and I prefer for economy to generate the steam in a boiler

page_text: placed at the back of the fireplace heated by flues formed from the grate, the
pipes passing to and fro or round four or more times, and the steam can be
applied by other pipes to vessels or other suitable purposes with increased effect
from its greater elasticity; and this arrangement of pipes, one end being left
open, may be applied for passing currents of air for the purpose of heating closets
or for ventilation. Figures 2, 3, and 4, are central sectional plans shewing my.
method of keeping up a steady uniform heat in boilers, &c., and passing the
vapour or effluvia arising from such like open vessels to the chimney, or
through the fireplace, &c., thus avoiding all noxious or injurious effects. I
apply two doors to a boiler fixed in the usual way, one to the fire grate, and
one to the ash hole, as shewn at F and G; the draft to the fireplace passes
over the top of the boiler, and enters the ash hole, and passes at the back in
the direction of the two arrows H, H, carrying the steam, effluvia, &c.
through the fire, the ash-hole door being kept closed during the operation.
The aperture for conveying the air and steam to the fireplace descends by the
side of the smoke flue, as shewn at J, section, Figures 2 and 4. K is a
canopy which I form over open boilers at a convenient height to allow head
room. The top and a part of the sides are fixed, as shewn at L, and the
remainder of the opening is partially or entirely closed, as required, by sheet
or cast iron or other doors, shewn at M, moved by the friction rollers running
on the edge of the iron plate N, which is about six inches wide and a quarter
of an inch thick, fixed in the masonry in Figure 2, or to the fixed part of the
iron back in the portable article, Figure 4, O, with a fillet of metal riveted on
the inside to form a bearing to take the iron, slate, or other covering. This
application of doors prevents the escape of vapour, regulates the draft, and
economises fuel. P, P, shews a strata of sand confined by placing one vessel
within the other, and then screwing both together at the flanches. Various thick-
nesses of sand can be applied, but for cooking and such like purposes I find about
one to answer well; when the inner vessel is made of cast iron or sheet iron,
and used for washing or other domestic purposes, I occasionally coat it with
enamel. These boilers will be found of great utility also in melting tallow and
other materials giving out offensive smells. To the portable boiler, Figure 4,
I apply a sand joint in a groove around the rim, as shewn, and when placed on
the stand it is hermetically sealed. Figures 5 and 6 are elevations shewing
other applications of a canopy and revolving doors applied to stoves and grates,
with ascending or descending flues, which I fix in fireplaces or project any
distance therefrom; the same letter of reference applies to the same parts in
section and elevation. A, in Figure 5, shews a stove fixed in a semicircular
upright iron casing B, and can be variously formed. C is a canopy riveted to the

page_text: casing. D is a flanch or groove to contain sand, and receives the hollow edged
friction rollers E, which move freely thereon, and carry the revolving circular
doors F, F, the top part of which turns over into the sand, and forms a tight
joint; the doors are made to fit the outside of the semicircular fixed back part.
When the fireplace is required to be entirely or partially closed they are moved.
round by the handles G, G, and the draft is regulated at pleasure, and the
smoke prevented escaping. Apertures may be made in these doors, and a
frame fitted with gauze wire, perforated tin, talc, or glass placed therein. His
an iron plate on which the whole is fixed in the fireplace. I is a rim or
flanch formed on the plate answering the purpose of a fender; sometimes I
apply the hollow edged friction rollers on the fender at the bottom of the
revolving door instead of the top, as shewn. J is the back of the fireplace
behind which the smoke passes when the flue descends; when to ascend or
pass off horizontally, an aperture is formed for the purpose at the back or top
of the canopy. Figure 7 is a section on a large scale of one side, in which
the parts before explained are more clearly shewn; the same letters of reference
apply. Figure 8 is an ornament to be applied to the top of the canopy, and,
as well as all the other parts, can be varied according to taste. Figure 6 is
another mode of applying a canopy and revolving doors to a fire grate. K is
a circular grate, and the fire can be seen from the whole or any part, as
required. I prefer them made in two parts, of cast or wrought iron, and screw
and rivet them to the bottom plate H, as shewn at L, L, and at M, M. The
canopy I prefer to make with a shelf applied at N, and shewn as broken away,
so as to exhibit the inner parts. The frieze is screwed and supported by the
double circular bar M, as shewn at P, and has the grooves or flanches
formed at the bottom at D, D, containing the sand in which the circular
doors F, F, revolve, the one on the inner, the other on the outer rim
or flanch of the groove D; when the draft of the chimney is good, the
frieze and canopy alone will serve, and the doors may be dispensed with
altogether, or can be placed on or removed at pleasure. Q is a part of the
funnel conducting the smoke to the chimney or otherwise. My Invention
relates to the methods described, or any modification, however applied to such
articles, it being obvious that a variety of forms can be given to them.
The third head or claim of my Invention relates to new methods of making,
and for improvements in kettles, boilers, and sauce, stew, or preserve pans,
and such like articles, made in tin, copper, or other materials by applying an
iron bottom, and also by applying a strata of sand between two bottoms or
other parts, and to fitting to the inside of such articles a perforated tiu or other.

page_text: metal, or gauze wire straining vessel, and to the application of a double cover
to all articles of the above description, whether made as herein described or
otherwise, one part of such covers being of perforated tin or other metal or
gauze wire, and so formed that one or both covers may be removed at pleasure.
Also, to a new constructed culender with a moving bottom and top; to forming
saucepans, glue pots, tea kettles, coffee pots, and warmers with inverted conical
bottoms, with a moving stand attached thereto; to a tube or flue through tea
kettles and coffee pots, to facilitate the boiling, and for the heating of such
articles on portable stands, with my sand joint applied thereto. These
improvements will be found explained by the following descriptions, reference
being had to the Drawings herewith:-
Plan No. 1, Division 3.-Figure 1 is the section of a saucepan or
kettle with my wrought or cast iron bottom applied with flanches formed
thereon, pierced to receive the rivets for fastening the upper part of the
vessel thereto, and shews the strata of sand, about half an inch thick, applied
between the bottoms to secure uniformity in boiling, and also shew a section
of the double cover applied. Figure 2 is a sectional plan without the sand.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of a preserve or stew or such like pan, enveloped
with my iron external case, and a strata of sand between the two vessels,
which are then closely riveted or soldered together at the upper rim of the
outer iron pan. Figures 4 and 5 are the two parts of my double cover,
held together by the bayonet joint at A and B. A part of the rim at C, C, is
represented as broken away, to shew the projecting fastening pin B, and the
lower flanch of the cover. I occasionally make them without the bayonet
sloat and pin. These covers are formed by placing the gauze wire between
the two rims or otherwise, and when made with perforated tin or other plate,
they are put together with solder. The gauze wire I prefer to be about the
fineness used in Davy's lamps; any kind of gauze wire will do, but I occa-
sionally use, for these and other articles under the several heads of this
Specification, such as have received a precipitate of other metals from the
magnetic process. Figures 6 and 7 are perspective plans of my iron bottom
to saucepans, &c., detached, with holes for the rivets, which must be tinned
and soldered over at the inner ends to prevent leakage. Figure 8 is a
sectional plan of a perforated tin or wire strainer, to be applied when
required to saucepans, &c., by which the liquid is drained of into the
outer vessel in removing the articles cooked. Figure 9 is a perspective
elevation, and Figure 10 a central section, of my new culendar, made of
tin or other metal, in the usual way; the bottom and lower part of the sides
are perforated, so as to allow the liquor to drain off. The bottom rests on a

page_text: flanch or fillet rivetted to the side at A, A. The bottom and top have two
handles shewn at B, and the bottom has two slide pieces in grooves C, C, fixed
thereon, which cover the aperture D, D, when the bottom is down in its place.
When the vegetables, &c. are placed in the culendar, the top, Figure 12, is
placed thereon, and the fingers of each hand are applied to the handles, as
shewn at E, which presses down the top and raises the bottom at the same
time. Figure 13 is a central section, and Figure 14 an elevation, of a coffeo
pot, with an inverted conical bottom, the lower part of which I prefer to cover
with my iron bottom, as shewn at E. On the inside I place a perforated tin
false bottom, hinged on one side, as shewn at F, so that anything can be easily
removed from them. G is my attached moving stand of wired tin, slight iron,
or otherwise; it is formed to move freely on bearing pins passing through the
tops of the supports on each side, and are riveted to the vessel. The handle H
is fixed to or forms part of the stand. When the vessel is put on the fire, the
stand is turned up by the handle in the direction shewn in the dotted line I:
in Figure 14; and when removed from the fire, is turned down in the position
shewn, and is prevented passing the centre to the opposite side of the vessel by
the stop pin J, which also keeps the pot or kettle in the position required for
pouring out its contents. Figure 15 is a central section of a saucepan of a
similar kind, and Figure 16 is a glue pot or water bath of the like description.
Figure 17 is a central section of a warmer or egg boiler, with my stand applied:
thereto, but with one support only, which is sufficient for such small vessels.
Figure 18 is a longitudinal central section of my new stand, with my improved
coffee pot or tea kettle thereon, and also shews the application of similar
vessels thereto. A is a cylindrical or other formed stand resting in a tray,
which I prefer making of tin, or thin sheet or cast iron. B is a recess or
groove formed around the upper part or rim of the stand, to contain sand or
otherwise, to receive the flanch, formed as shewn, and riveted and soldered
around the outside of the pot, kettle, or other vessel D, which, when placed on
the stand, is hermetically sealed at the junction. E is an iron grate, sup-
ported as shewn. F is a door hinged to the stand for supplying the fuel,
which can be of any kind, or a lamp can be used; but firewood dipped in
rosin or other inflamable matter I prefer when dispatch is required. The
heat passes under the bottom and up the sides G, G, of the pot or other vessel,
and passes off to the chimney through the horizontal tube II and central tube I,
and presents a much larger beated surface to the liquid in the vessel. When
any kind of vessel without these tubes is to be heated on my stand with the
sand joint, the smoke, &c. is conducted to the chimney by means of a pipe
fixed in the side of the same, as shewn in the dotted lines at J, which pipe can

page_text: be removed and the aperture closed, with a cover fitted thereto when not used
in this way. K, K, are holes to admit the air to keep up ignition. Figure 19
is a central section or plan, shewing my tube flue applied to the ordinary tea-
kettle. I make the tube in the proportion of about two inches in clear
diameter to a four quart vessel, and apply them in the direction shewn. The
bottom I prefer to form in the trumpet shape, as shewn at A, and the upper
part projects backwards. Figure 20 is a central section, Figure 21 a plan, and
Figure 22 an elevation of a like vessel, in which, in lieu of the tube before de-
scribed, an opening or flue is formed in the centre, as shewn at A, Plan 21, and
passes through in an oblique direction, as shewn at B, Figure 20, and out of the
opening C, in the back elevation, Figure 22. My Invention relates to the full
use of the methods herein described, to the extent of their application.
The fourth head or claim of my Invention relates to new modes of con-
structing and combining cooking utensils or vessels, so formed as to bake,
boil, and cook with steam, or to bake and boil only at the same time in the
same compact portable apparatus, and for other forms of portable vessels,
and methods for wholly or partially boiling or steaming at pleasure, and the
application of my iron bottom and double covers when required to such like
articles; these methods will be well understood from the following directions
and descriptions of and references to the Drawings:-
Plan No. 1, Divisn. 4.-Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 is a section
of my portable combination of vessels for baking, boiling, and cooking with
steam, and also shews the internal perforated straining vessel. The bottom
part on the right-hand side shews the oven for baking, that on the left side for
boiling, the steam arising from which carries on the processes of cooking with
steam on the right-hand side over the oven. Figure 3 shews a section of
my iron bottom with the flanges formed thereon, and holes for the rivets for
fastening the upper part thereto, which is formed of tin, copper, or other-
wise. Figure 4 shows a section of the back half of the oven, with the
flanches and holes for riveting it to the bottom Figure 3, and shews the
direction of the flue to the smoke escape pipe, shewn at A, A. Figure 5 is
an elevation of the perforated tin vessel, which is placed in the external one,.
or is removed as required by the handles. The upper part of the external
vessel is formed in the usual way of tin, &c., with the bottom seam or joint
dressed flat, so as to fit closely to the iron bottom, and is rivetted to the same
at the flanches, and the heads of the rivets are tinned and soldered over to
prevent leakage. The iron door to the oven is closely fitted and hinged as
shewn; my double cover or a common one can be applied. These vessels aro.

page_text: heated by placing them directly over the fire. The flue for heating the top and
one side of the oven and boiler, and the under side of the steamer, enters at B,
Figure 2, and passes off to the chimney through the short pipe A, as described.
Figure 10 is a central section, and Figure 11 an elevation, of a portable
apparatus, to perform the like operations, but in this the oven is placed in the-
centre of the bottom part at A, and in the upper part, over the same, I place
one or two moveable kettles or vessels as required for boiling, but if cooking
with steam is required in either of them, the steam arising from the water
placed in B, B, B, boiled by the heat passing around the outside of the apparatus,
and through the flues C, C, to the chimney at the pipe D, at the same time
heating the oven; the steam from B passes into openings in square attached
covered recesses formed on each outside of the inner vessels at the perforations
shewn at E, E. A is a slight made moveable flanched bar, resting in bearings
formed for that purpose on the inside of the outer part, which supports the
centre of the two inside vessels shewn at F, and which is removed when
the whole space is occupied by one kettle only. The central sectional plan,
Figure 6, shews a combination of vessels for baking and boiling at the
same time; Figure 7 is a plan of the iron bottom or oven part. C shews
the boiler, and D the oven, which is riveted to the upper part, as shewn.
These vessels are also heated by placing them directly over the fire, which
passes under the bottom and round the flues of the oven and boiler F, and
passes to the chimney through the pipe G. I prefer to have a double bottom
to the oven, and place a strata of sand between them, as shewn. The oven door
H is closely fitted and hinged. Figures 8 and 9 are elevations of my com-
bination of vessels for wholly or partially boiling or straining, which I perform
by having the vessels so made that one of them passes freely into the other,
as shewn at Figure 8. The inner vessel, shewn at Figure 9, has the bottom
and part of the sides perforated with small holes; the flanch A which passes
round the inner vessel is about a quarter of an inch wide, and fits the inside
of the vessel. When the operation is for boiling, the inner vessel rests on the
bottom of the outer one, and their top rims are then even; when for straining,
the inner one is drawn up by the handle, as shewn at Figure 8, and is held
at the height required by a spring and pin B catching each side in the
racks C, and the liquid passes off into the outer vessel, and is ready for
cooking with steam. These vessels I form of tin or otherwise, and apply.
my double cover or one of the common kind.
I claim the methods herein. described, to whatever sized or found vessels
applied.

page_text: The fifth head or claim of my Invention relates to improvements in the
construction and manufacture of gridirons, and such like articles of fluted
or corrugated, thin, cast, or sheet iron, tin, or other metal, and the application
of bottoms of the same material to saucepans, kettles, boilers, and all such
vessels, and for new methods or forms of apparatus for similar purposes,
which are fully set forth and explained in the following descriptions, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings:-
Plan No. 1, Division 5.-Figure 8 is an elevation, and Figure 9 a central
cross section, of my new fluted or corrugated gridiron, made of thin cast
or sheet iron. I prefer the latter for its lightness, and I occasionally perforate
the upper angles of the flutings with a number of small holes, as shewn.
I make the gridiron square, or of any other form, and prefer to let the sides
project upwards like a frying pan, as shewn at A, and form them with or
without the trough B, for holding the dripping which runs from the flutings.
These articles I sometimes form in dies, and coat them on the upper surface
with tin or enamel. Figures 7, 7, shew the corrugated or cast-iron, tin,
copper, or other metal bottoms, formed with or applied to saucepans, which will
also sufficiently shew the mode of its application to kettles, boilers, and other
vessels. Figure 1 is a perspective plan of a common gridiron, with my im-
provement of a frame of wirework hinged thereto, as shewn at A, and will be
readily understood. Figure 2 shews a frame of iron filled with wirework,
which I place on a gridiron or on the fire, and is removed at pleasure by the
handle, as there shewn. The wirework can be of various strengths, and the
size of the meshes can be varied, but a sixteenth of an inch wire, and eight
wires to the inch, I find to answer well; and I occasionally apply tin or other
metal plate for the same purpose, perforated with holes in size and closeness to
correspond with the ironwork above described. Figure 3 is a perspective plan of
my new constructed gridiron, which I make to be applied before the fire, or
suspend it from the bars of the fire grate, or otherwise; it is made in two parts, and
hinged together at the bottom; the pin which passes through the hinged joint,
shewn at A, carries the trough B for receiving the dripping. The article to
be cooked is placed between the two parts, which are then held together by a
thumb screw through the shanks of the handle, shewn at D; E shews the
hooks by which it is suspended from the grate; F shews bars for keeping it
at a proper distance from the fire; G is the frame of wirework or perforated
metal plate. I generally make the framework of a quarter of an inch square
or round iron, which is welded or riveted together, or it can be made of cast
iron. Figure 4 is a perspective elevation of my apparatus, by which cooking

page_text: in this way may be performed in a very superior manner.
It consists of a
tin or other metal box or screen, and can be made of a variety of forms and
sizes. Figure 5 is a cross section of the same, and Figure 6 is a spit with
a double frame of wire suspended therefrom, and are hinged together at the
bottom, avoiding the necessity of passing a spit through the article to be
cooked. The joint or other matter to be cooked is placed in the frame, and
the spit is passed through the top rings of the wires which hold the two
parts of the frame together, and is then placed in the frame of the apparatus
resting in the sloats at each end, shewn at A, which open into the perpendicular
sloats, with which all the horizontal sloats communicate, and regulate the
distance from the fire as required. The top cover contains a trough or vessel
shewn in the sectional Drawing, perforated to allow the contents to drip on to
the article cooking, and is applied or removed by the handle B. C is a door
which slides in grooves, to inspect the matters cooking; D is a lip or spout
for pouring off the gravy; E, E, are bars for the apparatus to slide upon,
held thereon by the staples as shewn. These bars have hooks formed to apply
the apparatus to fire grates. This screen is applied open, or the metal framed,
Figure 7, is fitted with wirework, or perforated or solid tin plate is applied to
form the side next the fire, all which will be well understood by a practical
man. My Invention relates to the above methods applied in any variety of
size or form to such like articles.
The sixth head or claim of my Invention relates to improvements in appa-
ratus for roasting by means of cradled and other formed spits fitted with iron
work or perforated tin or other metal plate; for methods and apparatus for a
self-acting basting process; for improvements in roasting coffee by a double-
cased cylinder or other suitably formed double vessel, with a strata of sand
placed between them to keep up an uniform heat, and the application of a
hollow perforated shaft or tube to carry off the smoke and rank effluvia
formed in the interior of such apparatus during roasting; a sufficient explana-
tion of all which will be found in the following description, reference being
had to the Drawings herewith:-
Plan No. 2, Divis. 6.-Figure 1 is an elevation of a cradle spit, the
framework of which is made and fastened by thumb screws in the usual
way. The centre part shews my improvement of fitting up the frame
with wirework or perforated tin or other metal plate, of the same descrip-
tion as that before described in the boiling or broiling processes. This
method, by which the matters roasted are enveloped therein, prevents the
smoke or other effluvia injuring them. I also form arms to such spits

page_text: They may
carrying suspended to the ends small buckets, as shewn at A, A, A, A,
for continuing the basting, as more fully shewn in the plan of my roasting
screen. Figure 6 is a cross section, and Figure 7 is a longitudinal section
of the screen. B, B, are receptacles at each end of the pan for receiving the
dripping, into which each small bucket descends as it rotates, continually
filling and discharging itself into a trough, shewn at C, Figure 6, the bottom
of which is perforated, and allows the materials for basting to escape through
the holes over the matters roasting. D, D, shews two of the legs, which
move in sockets, and are fastened by thumb screws for setting and holding the
screen to the height required. Figure 8, my improved method of forming
cradle spits, by which any detached vessels made of wirework or perforated tin
or other metal can be attached thereto. The frame to such spits I make to
the form of a parralelogram of round iron of the usual size. A, A, shews
the frame with the prepared ends to receive the jack chain and spit rack.
B, B, B, B, shew the buckets for the self-acting basting process. D, D, are
two bars, the ends of which embrace and slide on the outer frame.
be set to any distance apart, and are held in place by thumb screws. E is a
cylindrical tin or other metal frame filled with wirework, as above described.
It is made in two parts, held together by the projecting flanches formed on
each end by the two chaps and thumb screws F, F, which embrace and slide
on the cross bars D, D, and are also held in place by thumb screws. This
Plan represents the apparatus complete for operation. Figures 4 and 5 shew
the central cylindrical vessels detached from the frame of the spit, and made of
perforated tin or other metal. When the matters to be roasted do not quite.
fill the vessel, I hold them in place by passing small iron wire spits through
the perforations. Figure 2 is a perspective of my new spit for roasting
steaks or other flat substances. Each of the projecting arms or wings is
made in two parts, one of each being fixed and the other hinged to the frame
of the spit at A, and being opened receives the articles to be roasted, and
when closed is held together by the thumb screws B. At the end of each
wing a ladle-shaped tin trough C, C, C, C, is fixed for dipping up the dripping,
and as they turn in a rotatory motion discharge their contents on the matters.
roasting. The frames of these arms are filled in with wirework, &c., as
before described. Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of my improved coffee
roasting apparatus. The novelty I claim in the formation is the double
cylinder, fixed about an inch apart, shewn at A, A. The space is filled with
silicious sand or other suitable matters. B is a hollow tube or shaft (which.
the roaster turns upon) thickly perforated with holes of about a quarter of an
inch in diameter, by which the effluvia passes off at the larger holes in the:

page_text: bareing of the pipe or shaft C to the chimney, in liew of condensing in the
roaster, which occasions the bitter taste and bad color so much complained of.
These roasters can be fixed in masonry or otherwise. The above represents a
portable apparatus. D is an iron casing, which forms the external part as
high as the shaft or perforated tube. The part above the shaft is formed to
lift up by the two chains E, E, which are passed over pulleys fixed to the
ceiling or other convenient part. I place a counterweight to each of them,
enough to give the cover of the frame a preponderence. The upper part of
the flue is a fixture, and the lower part is made to pass closely into and allow
the upper part of the frame to rise and fall, so as to take it out to charge and
discharge the roaster. F is a winch for keeping the roaster in rotatory
motion, or this can be accomplished by other means. G
hollow perforated shaft for lifting and replacing the roaster. H, H, are doors
or stoppers for charging, discharging, or inspecting the materials roasting, as
shewn at I. J is the fireplace, and K a cast iron plate, on which the
apparatus is fixed, having a flanch turned up to serve as a fender. L shews
the fire door, and M the ash hole. Figure 9 shews a longitudinal section of
a small cylindrical coffee roaster, to be applied to the front of the common fire
grate, and is put in motion by a smoke jack or by hand. The hollow shaft,
the double case, the strata of sand, and the doors, are the same as before
described. The forms can be varied, but my Invention relates to the methods
here described, however applied to such purposes.
is a handle to the
The seventh head or claim of my Invention relatos to new articles and
improvements in frying pans, by surrounding them with covers of tin, copper,
or other metal, solid or perforated, or composed partially of gauze or other
wire; for articles, whereby the matters under operation can be placed or
turned without injury or deforming them, and for the occasional application
of a strata of sand or other suitable matter between the bottoms of such
articles, and to the sides as well as the bottoms of culinary vessels, so that
they can be used for baking as well as boiling; also a new construction and
application of vessels, and the use of sand for roasting potatoes, and for other
purposes, such as applying hot sand to warming pans, &c., and to appa
ratus for rarifying apartments, &c., which will be readily understood. from
the following descriptions and references to the plans herewith
Plan No. 2, Divis. 7.-Figure 1 is a section of a frying pan, which may be
applied to baking as well as frying. The outer bottom part is of iron, the inner
of tin, closely united by rivets or solder, a strata of sand being inserted between,
of about half an inch thick. The handle is rivetted on as usual. The back

page_text: and sides of the pan are furnished with a dome cover of sheet iron or tin, which
can be removed at pleasure, or may be fixed thereto. At about an inch distance
from the same a similar shaped larger cover is fixed so as to form a flue. When
placed on the fire, the heat, &c. passes under the bottom and enters the flue
at B, and passes through to the chimney at the pipe A. C shews a closely
fitted hinged door, forming the front of the cover to the pan, and when open
falls down on the handle. I place a perforated slide in this door, or form
it double, the inner being a metal frame fitted with gauze or other wirework,
or perforated tin plate, which permits the escape of the steam and prevents
the admission of smoke. D is a small projecting shelf to prevent the soot
falling into the pan. I apply such covers to any formed pan, but prefer those
shewn in elevation, Figure 5. The Plans 7, 8, 9, 10, shew articles for
putting matters to be cooked into the pan and taking them therefrom.
Figure 5 is a dish formed of tin with my double bottom, and a strata
of sand which I use for baking matters in, with a bow handle thereto for
removing it from the pan. Figures 8 and 9 are frames, each formed of
two tin or iron hoops or rims, with wirework fixed in them; one is furnished
with a large, the other with a smaller mesh wirework. The rims are hinged
together at E, E, and when any article is placed between them they are held
together by the thumb screw G applied at F.. These articles revolve upon
fixed pins which freely pass through the holes in the bow handle, and either
side is placed downwards as required. Figure 10 is a mode of forming them,
fitted with wirework to turn either way on the axis I, resting in bearings in
projecting sloats on each side the pan: Figure 2 shews the common frying
pan with a single bottom, with my single dome cover fixed, and a close fitted
hinged door, as explained. Figure 5 is an elevation, and Figure 3 a section
of a frying pan with a hoop or fillet of metal, so as to leave a recess or inden-
tation to receive the bottom rim of the moveable dome cover and door, shewn
at Figure 4. When the gauze wire, perforated tin, or close covers, Figure 6,
are applied without such recesses, they required to be well fitted to the form
of the pan, and to descend sufficiently on the inside to prevent the admission
of smoke, &c. Figure 11 is another form of double cover. When the heat
is required to be nearer the upper surface of the article cooking, so as partially
to cook that side, the heat passes under the pan and between the double
cover flue and out of the funnel K. V is a pipe with a perforated tin plate
fixed therein, with a hinged close cover thereon, which allows the steam to pass
of. Figure 12 is a central sectional plan of a pan or double cased vessel, the
bottom and sides of the inner vessel being surrounded with sand for baking
and other purposes. When made as here shewn, it can be placed on the fire

page_text: or suspended by the bow handle over it, as pots are suspended. The outer
part is of cast or sheet, iron, and the inner of the same, or of tin. L is a
cover of the usual. kind. M is an aperture with a perforated tin partition
therein, and a close hinged moveable cover thereon, to allow the steam to
escape. A dish containing the matters to be baked is placed therein. The
kind I prefer to use has my double bottom and bow handle, before described.
Figure 13 is a central sectional plan of my new vessel and method for roasting
potatoes. It is made in two parts. The bottom N I make of thin cast or
sheet iron, the upper part 0 of tin projecting down on the outside of the
bottom part, as shewn at P, and Q is a T-headed moving pin shouldered to
the handle of the upper part of the vessel, the T part of which passes through
a sloat formed in the handle of the under vessel, and is turned round so as to
hold the two parts together. R is a piece of coarse meshed wirework. or per-
forated metal plate fixed on the inside. S represents the potatoes, with sand
or other similar material applied in the lower part. When done or requiring
inspection the vessel is reversed in its position, and the sand passes through
the wirework, leaving the potatoes thereon. Should they prove not suffi-
ciently done, the vessel is again put together and turned,. and the sand and
potatoes again fall into the position here shewn. This vessel will be found
useful for a variety of purposes. Figure 14 is a central section of a warming
pan of the common kind, with an opening and. screw cover on one side for
filling it with sand heated in the vessel above described, or by some other
means, in lieu of hot water or fire, and will be found to answer better.
Figure 15 is a brazier of the common kind, which I use for holding sand for
warming apartments in lieu of charcoal or coke. It has an opening and
cover fastened by a screw at T for drawing off the sand. I also apply heated
sand to other similar purposes where hot, water is now used. My Invention
relates to the full use of the methods here described, or any modification
thereof, applied to such like articles.
The eighth head or claim of my Invention relates to improvements in
dishes and covers for baking, and for dairy uses or other purposes, and
for the application of locks or fastenings and other improvements to dish
covers of every description; also for locks, and fastenings to the covers of
jars and canisters, whether made of metal, glass, earthenware, or other ma-
terial, and whether applied to domestic, chemical, or other purposes, and to
the application of a recess round the top or sides of such vessels to contain
soap, tallow, fatty or glutinous matters or liquids, so as to form an hermetically
sealed joint.
DL
AL
Dia °
Wicuro 1 is on olovation and Figure 9 a cantan

page_text: section, shewing my improvements in dishes and covers for baking with a
lock applied. My improvement consists in making them of tin or sheet
iron, with a double bottom, and a strata of sand between half an inch thick,
as seen at Figure 6. I make them in dies, or by hand, in the usual way.
Those of sheet iron I coat with enamel, in the usual way, or by my marble
party color or figured process. Milk pans I make of sheet iron, tin, zinc,
or other metal, with a double bottom, and a strata of sand between them,
and those made with sheet iron I coat with enamel, as before described.
The sectional plans, Figures 2 and 4. A, A, shew a lock applied, which is
riveted on the inside of the dish cover. B, B, shews the staple or eye for
the bolt to slide into, which is attached to or forms, of the sliding metal clip
or fastening, part of the rim of the cover shewn in perspective elevation at B,
Figure 13; and I form on the bottom of these covers a flanch, with a square
rabbit formed in that portion of it which slides on and embraces part of the
rim of the dish, as shewn in each plan at C, and then the part shewn at
Figure 13 is slid on the other portion of the flanch of the cover and rim of
the dish, and is then locked. Figure 3 is an elevation, shewing the escutcheon
of the key hole and cover complete and applied to a dish. When removed
they are unlocked, and the clip D is drawn back and slides in sloats formed
on each side thereof on the pins E, E, and then the parts fixed to the
cover, which clip the other portions of the rim, are pushed back sufficiently
to clear it; these covers, for general purposes, are made in the usual way,
except the bottom part, above explained, which is formed as part of the
bottom rim, or riveted, seamed, or soldered to it. Figure shews my in-
proved method of suspending meats during the baking, superceding the
necessity of turning it, and by which the joint is equally cooked and browned
all around. These covers I form of wirework, or of perforated tin or other
metal. F, F, is an iron socket, formed with two circular flanches on the
outside for a handle, and the other has holes for rivets, fastening it to the
summit of the cover. The round shaft bar G, G, which has a notch formed
in the top to hold it by, and at the lower part of which a ring is formed,
which carries the hoops and meat suspended thereto. This round shaft
passes through the sockets, and is held to any convenient height by the pin
I passing through the socket at one of the several holes formed in the
shaft. Figures 5 and 6 are central sections of my tin or iron single or double
bottomed dish, with the strata of sand, and shews one of my most approved
modes of applying the cover and lock. The cover has a rabbited flanch
formed thereon, which slides into and embraces the rim of the dish at one
end, as shewn at A, and a padlock applied at the other, and through holes
formed in the rim of the dish and flanch of the cover, as shewn at B. Figure 7

page_text: is an elevation, and Figure 8 a central longitudinal section of a jar or other
vessel, shewing the application of a lock, or other secure fastening, which I
apply to all such like articles. Figure 9 is a perspective plan of my rabbitted
or grooved tin, or other metal clip or band, which is made to pass round
and embrace the top of the vessel, and is formed in two parts, hinged together
at B, and with staples or eyes formed in them for receiving the lock A, the
cover being placed on the vessel. The band is applied to the projecting rims
of each, which pass into the rabbit of the band, and are held securely together
by the lock. Figure 10 is a perspective elevation, shewing my method of
making any covered vessel in glass or earthenware, so that a lock can bo
applied thereto without the metal clip above described. C is a +-headed
projecting piece formed on the rim of the cover, which fits into a square
notch formed in the rim of the vessel. D is a hole formed in the opposite
part of the two rims to receive a padlock. Figure 11 is a central section
of a similar vessel, with my groove or recess E, formed around to receive soap,
tallow, &c. These matters are placed in the groove, and a flanch or rim is
formed on the under side of the cover, which has a thin edge, and when applied
is pressed firmly in the soap or tallow, and the vessel is by these means
hermetically sealed. Figure 12 is a central section of a cannister, made of
tin, or otherwise, with a groove to the mouth or opening for the same appli-
cation. This section of my Invention relates to all forms and applications
which the methods and means described are susceptible of.
The ninth head or claim of my Invention relates to new articles and in-
provements in dish stands for the convenience of carving meats, &c. with or
without the application of lamps, hot water, or heaters. The application of
stands to glue pots and to similar water baths, and workmen's breakfast and
dinner cans; also for applying a water or sand bath vessel to a chamber lamp,
and to toast racks and such like articles, as will be well understood by the
descriptions herein given, and the sectional plans of the several articles with
my improvements applied.
Plan No. 2, Divis. 9.-Figures 1 and 2 are central sectional Drawings
of my new apparatus for assisting in the carving of meats, &c.; it
consists in forming dish stands so that the upper part or dish rotates with
ease to any position, and is there held by thumb screws C, C, shewn in
Figures 1 and 2. I form them of tin, thin cast or sheet iron, or other-
wise, occasionally coating them with japan or enamel, or a precipitate of
any metal, by the magnetic processes. Figure A is a section of a dish shewn
resting on the top of my stand, and revolves on a pin B formed on its under
B2

page_text: side, working in a socket which is formed on the bottom part of the vessel
which contains the hot water. The holding pins C; C, for keeping the dish in
place are screwed through the flanches of the cover or top; and presses against
small indentations in the side of the vessel which holds it in its right place.
The bottom part of the stand has a flanch of one inch wide projecting below
the bottom, to which the legs are rivetted, as shewn at D, and also for fasten-
ing the inverted bottom for suspending the lamp, as shewn at E. This bottom
I perforate with a number of holes near the flanches to admit air to keep up
ignition of the lamp, which is fixed by screws, as shewn at F; F. Figure 2 is
a central section of a stand similar to Figure 1, except that it has a dish A,
which forms the rotating top, and has my improved indentation formed round
the rim for producing a water joint to this and similar vessels. I occasionally
form these articles with a heater to keep the water in the cavity hot in lieu of
the lamp. Figure 3 is a central perspective section of my stand and lamp
applied to a glue pot. A shews a pot or double vessel which forms 'a water
bath of the ordinary descriptions as applied to my stand, which I form of tin or
sheet or cast iron. B'is a bottom'or tray formed with a rim like a common dish.
When formed of cast iron I add the flanch C about one inch high to receive
the rivets for fixing the perpendicular part D, on which the pot or vessel rests.
E, E, are apertures 'admitting air to the smaller holes in the inverted bottom
F, to support ignition in the lamp G, held in position by the perpendicular
flanch of the inverted part. Figure 4 is a central section of a chamber lamp,
with my double case basin applied thereto. A is the tray; B is the perpen-
dicular part; C is the lamp over which the double vessel containing water or
sand as a bath is a bath is placed. Figures 5 and 6 are central longitudinal
sectional plans of a workman's breakfast or dinner can, with my improvement
applied. Figure 5 sliews the lamp applied to the can at A; this part can be
fixed by the pins to the can shewn at C, C, passing into sloats, or by a bayonet
joint, as shewn separately at D. E, E, are holes to support ignition. Figure 6
shews the same application to articles containing hot water in my additional
parts. Attached to the can B is a tube for filling or discharging the water;
C is a socket receiving the heater. Figure 7 is an end elevation, Figure 8 is
a longitudinal perspective section of a toast rack. My improvement consists in
forming the partitions and bottom hollow to contain hot water; they are formed
of tin or other 'suitable metal; the racks A are about one quarter of an
inch in the clear. B is a socket in the water cavity for the heater; the shaft
or handle is hollow and receives the water at the ornamental funnel D. My
Invention relates to such like 'articles of whatever form to which the methods
described are applied.

page_text: The tenth head or claim of my Invention relates to new self-acting stoppers
to decanters, bottles, or other vessels susceptible of its application, and to the
addition of double covers to to drinking cups of pewter, tin, or other metal;
also to a new flour dredge for mixing flour or other pastry matters.
Plan 2, Divis. 10.-Figures 1 and 2 are elevations, and Figures 3 and 4 are
central sectional longitudinal plans, shewing my new stopper applied. I make
the stoppers of glass, stone, metal, or other material; it is a hollow tube, the
side of which is turned inwards at the lower end, so as to narrow the opening
into the tube to about half its upper internal diameter, thereby obtaining
sufficient substance for grinding in the usual way with sand and metal
plug, shewn at Figures 10, 10, so made as to closely fit the glass ball shewn
at A, A; and the cover of the stopper, shewn at B, is closely fitted or
screwed on the tube of, the stopper, and, is taken off, only when the, ball
stopper is rolled out to make a clear way for filling the decanter. The
outside of the stopper and the inside of the neck of the decanter, are fitted in
the usual way, and the stopper has an indented groove,, shewn at C, to receive
a stuffing of woollen or indian-rubber ferrule to render it water-tight. D, D,
shew two holes in the tube of the stopper for the discharge of the liquid, rather
narrower in their width than the internal diameter of, the straight part of the
tube part, so that in the operation of pouring the ball stopper passes towards
the cover of the tube B sufficiently to allow the liquor to pass out, and
when the decanter is returned to its upright position the ball, rolls back and
perfectly closes the aperture at the bottom of the tube or stopper.. Figure 5
is an elevation, and Figure 6 is a longitudinal, central sectional plan, shewing
the neck of a decanter with the ball stopper applied thereto without the tube
stopper. The neck of the decanter is bent inwards in forming, as shewn
at, E, E, to about half the hollow perpendicular part of the neck, so that, it
may be ground to fit and form the shoulder for the lodgment, of the ball F.
The projecting lips G, G, are for pouring out the liquor.
fitted or screwed on the part above, as before described. Figure 8 is an
elevation, and Figure 9 is a section of a further modification of the same,
where the moveable cover passes down; the inside of the neck holes are
formned therein, and notches in the rim of the neck to guide the liquid in lieu
of the projecting lips described, and by partially turning of the tube part the
holes come opposite the space between the notches, thus giving a further
security to the stopper. Figure 13 is an elevation, and Figure 14 a central
section of my second method with springs, which admits of various arrange
ments, and can be made partially of glass, metal, or otherwise. I is a tube,
the lower part of which I form in a conical form, with the groove J to
The cover, H is

page_text: contain the woollen or other packing. K, K, are holes for pouring out the
liquor, and are opened or closed by the revolving circular cover L by the
pressure of the finger against either of the projecting levers M, M, in the act
of pouring, by which the holes for pouring come immediately opposite each
other, and are held in place by the sloat and stop pin N, and when the
pressure is withdrawn the holes in the tube part are closed by the reaction of
the spiral spring. The spring I fix to the revolving pin P in the circular
recess O, and the part of the cover Q which passes into the top of the tube is
fixed by pouring the grooves R full of lead, or otherwise. The stopper is
removed when the decanter, &c. requires filling. Figure 15 is a central
section of a further method. S is the tube part, which can be made of glass
or metal. T is a lip or spout, and shews the hinged cover applied thereto,
which is opened by pressing down the lever J and closed by the elasticity of
the spring U when the finger is removed. The metal cover is closely fitted
and held in the tube by the flanches W, all which will be understood by
inspection of the Drawings, as also that these methods admit of a variety of
forms and applications. Figure 7 shews a perspective elevation of a common
drinking cup of pewter or other metal, with my improvements of double-folding
covers opening in two parts hinged to the handles at A, A. The manner of
performing this, and the use of the application, will be sufficiently apparent.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal perspective section of my new flour dredge or
vessel for pouring out flour or other powder matters requiring mixing. I
make them of tin. The Drawing shews it in the position for use; the top
The cover is taken
part, as now shewn, forms the bottom when out of use.
off when the vessel is filled, and when on is held fast by pins and a bayonet
joint, shewn at A; it is used by the handle B, and the powder passes out at
the perforations; and when the powder is required to pass in larger quantities,
the finger is applied to press up the steel spring lever C, C, which is hinged
to the vessel at D and opens the mouth piece E, which closes by the elasticity
of the spring when the pressure is withdrawn. Figure 12 is a central longi
tudinal section of a tin vessel constructed like the above, except that the
lever and spring are dispensed with; and a tin cover or stopper, or cover
only, is applied, as shewn at F. My Invention relates to the methods herein
described to the extent of their application to such like articles.
The eleventh head or claim of my Invention relates to the formation of a
portable dish or plate warmer. The application of a water joint to dishes and
such like articles and the like, or my soap, tallow, wax, or glutinous joint t
chamber receptacles and such like articles, and to the covers of privies, and t

page_text: domestic pails or pans when made of metal or otherwise, and for a like hollow
recess or trough round flower pots, pans, or stands, to receive lime water or
other fluids; also the application of a fine perforated second bottom to such
vessels. The plans and. descriptions also shew the application of similar
grooves, troughs, or recesses, either plain or ornamental, to surround plants
and to form borders, all which will be well understood by the following
descriptions, referring to the Drawings herewith.
Plan No. 3, Divis. 11.-Figure 1 is a central sectional plan of my
portable plate warmer, made of tin or other metal, seamed or soldered
together. It is formed by two vessels placed one within the other to about
an inch apart, to admit the hot water, as shewn at A, applied at the funnel
pipe B. The cover has a flanch formed on its under side projecting into
the water joint C, formed all round the top of the vessel, and hermetically
sealing it when applied. D is an iron plate on which the plates, &c., rest,
and passes up or down by the rack and pinion by turning the winch F,
which has a pin formed thereon at G, which passes or is pushed into
holes in the external vessel and holds the plate to the height required.
The rising plate with the rack and pinion is shewn separately at Figure 2.
H, H, shew two of the legs riveted to the vessel. Hare handles.
Figure 3 is a central sectional Drawing of a similar plate warmer, without the
rack and pinion or the legs thereto, and in this the plates are taken out by the
two handles, shewn at Figure 4, A, A, formed on a plate like the false bottom
of a fish kettle. Figure 5 is a central sectional plan of an earthenware or
metal dish, with my indented groove about half an inch deep, formed for a
water joint in the rim, as shewn at A, A, in which the cover rests. The appli-
cation of water or the condensed steam from the matters therein hermetically
seals this joint, keeping the articles therein hot much longer than the methods
in use. Figure 6 is a central section of a soup dish and cover, with the same
water joint applied. It is made of earthenware or metal, and sometimes I
apply a lock, as has been described. Figure 7 shews a central sectional plan,
and Figure 8 a perspective elevation, of a chamber pan with the addition of
my indented groove, as shewn at A, A, which being filled with soap or tallow,
&c., the metal cover with a thin edged flanch is applied, as shewn at A, A,
Figure 9. I prefer to make these grooves of an eliptical form, about an inch
and a half deep. The sectional plan, Figure 7, shews the same applied to a
stool of the ordinary description, with a hinged wood flap in which a circular
hole and cover is formed, which hole must be less than the top diameter of
the pan, so that when the flap is down it covers the rim of the pan and the
water or other matters in the groove. When used, the circular cover Bin

page_text: the flap C is first taken off, then the flap is lifted up sufficiently to take off the
metal flanched cover A, and then the hinged flap C is lowered down into its
place. Figure 22 shew's a fixed recess for containing the matters to form
the hermetical joint, and in this instance a flanch is formed to the under side
of the rim of the pan, as shewn. Figure 10 is a perspective central sectional
plan of a common chamber receptacle, with my recess for a tallow or water
joint, formed on the side below the top rim, with a tin or other flanched cover
A. I occasionally form the recess in the rim, and I apply my fatty or water
joint to such articles and chamber pans when made of tin, zinc, or other
materials. Figure 11 is a perspective plan of my indented or recessed part
for forming hermetically sealed joints to the seats of privies, the upper side of
which part, together with the metal flanched cover, Figure 9, thereon, I fix
even with the top surface of the under seat, and then the hinged wood flap and
the circular cover therein is applied as before described. The circular
recessed part which contains the joint (which I prefer in this instance to 'fill
with fine sand) remains fixed to the underseat when the basin, Figure 8, is
removed; the recesses I make of wood, iron, or otherwise. Figures 12, 13,
shew central sections, and Figure 14 an elevation, shewing my application of
a groove to flower pots, dishes, or stands, to contain lime water or other flued
materials, to prevent the destruction of plants by insects, &c., and I occa-
sionally perforate these vessels, as shewn at A, to allow the water to pass into
the pot; they are made of earthenware or otherwise, and the grooves varied to
suit the size. Figures 14 and 15 are my false bottoms to separate and
applied. Figure 17 is a perspective elevation, shewing a like groove or
trough of cast iron or otherwise, which is placed in the ground to the upper
rim thereof, and plants are placed in the soil within the inner circle, and the
tŕough is kept filled with lime water or other solution. The trough may be
from an inch and a half to any greater width or depth. Figure 18 is an elevation
of a square trough to which a hand glass may be used, the bottom rim of which
comes into the water, &c. Figure 19 is an elevation of an ornamental trough
'to form bordering for gardens, made of cast iron or otherwise. The ends of each
length are recessed so as to pass evenly about an inch and a half one into an-
other, as shewn at Figure 20, and are screwed or riveted together. The corner
pieces should be made in one piece to suit the angle required. They are
placed or held in the ground by flanches or legs A, A, A, formed theréon.
Figure 21 is an elevation of a more simple form, with or without ends, and a
little, tar can be applied over the' joints' to prevent insects passing them at
these parts. All the methods described are very simple, and are susceptible
of great variety of form and application.

page_text: The twelfth head or claim of my Invention relates to a portable apparatus
for cutting mince meat, stuffing sausages, and cutting, mashing, or grinding
vegetables, &c., and a portable combined apparatus for cutting sugar, and
squeezing lemons, or other fruits, &c.; also a portable apparatus for rolling
or laminating paste or dough, and levigating other matters, as shewn by the
following descriptions and the Drawings referred to.
Plan No. 3, Divis. -12:-Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 a central
section of my portable apparatus-for mincing, &c. It consists of two metal
cylinders, the outer one made to revolve closely on the inner one, which has a
spiral sloat formed in it, shewn at Figure 1 A making one revolution in the
whole length. The inner cylinder has a longitudinal sloat formed on its upper
side, for the shank of the double faced piston B to slide in, which is made to
fit the inside of the 'cylinder, and is forced forward or backward by turning the
winch handle. C, and by the nut and screw D, D. Each end of the bearing of
the screw works in the holes formed in the shanks of the handle or suspending
bar and flanches of the mouth pieces E, E; and has a 'square spill or pin formed
at each end to take the socket of the winch handle. F is a mouth piece for
stuffing sausages, and has a flanch rabbitted to the end of the inner cylinder,
and is held to it by thumb screws, shewn at G, G. H, H, shew a knife
applied to the square pin of the screw, at the other end of the cylinder, so
that when the contents of the cylinder are forced out at one end, it is again
filled, and then in turning the winch the reverse way, they are forced out
at the other, and are "cut, 'mashed," or ground as they exude through the
mouth piece. I is a dish for receiving them. The sloat being spiral in the
external cylinder is turned round by the shank of the piston in passing along
the longitudinal straight sloat of the internal cylinder, and any pulpy matters
contained therein are prevented exuding by the external cylinder covering
it, except where the shank of the piston passes through. J, J, is a stand,"
with a socket formed thereon, within which the perpendicular supporting
shaft rests, and has free motion, and is- held down by the set screw K, the
end of which passes into a groove in the shaft, which support or shaft is in
two parts or arms, just above the socket. Each arm is bent to a circular
form to clear the cylinder; and is long enough to pass above it, with holes L, L,
therein, to form the bearings and carry the shaft, which passes through a hole
or bearing in the handle bar M, which supports the cylinder and apparatus.
This shaft has the circular flat bar N formed thereon, with holes to receive
apin or set screw, which fastens into the holes in the flat part of the
suspending bar O; which keeps the cylinder in the position required. P. is a
circular forked bar, cast or fixed to the end of the stand, steadying the

page_text: cylinders. Figures 3 and 4 are plates of cast iron or steel, forming the mouth
pieces of the cylinder at Figure 1, and have grooved teeth on their surfaces.
They can be made to any variety of forms for grinding or mashing. Figures
5, 6, 7, and 8, are knives of various forms, with one or more blades, which
are applied on the square axle of the screw, at the ends of the mouth pieces,
according as the matters require to be cut coarse or fine. Figure 9 is a
perpendicular elevation of my sugar cutter, and lemon or other fruit or vegetable
presser, which consists of a cast iron stand, with two checks A cast thereon,
having holes to form the bearing of the axle pin B to work in, which shaft
passes through a hole formed in the lever C, and is the fulcrum on which
it acts.
D is a triangular steel blade, fastened by screws between the checks
of the stand. E is a blade screwed in a groove formed at the end of the
lever, having a recess formed to suit the upper blade for cutting sugar, &c.
I is an iron ring screw, bolted to snugs on the chech of the stand, and has a
perforated tin vessel, with a flat rim applied thereto, as shewn. G is a wood
or metal piston, fitting the inside of the perforated vessel for pressing lemons,
&c. Both the piston and sugar cutter are put in motion by the handle H.
Figure 10 is a central perspective sectional plan of my new apparatus or table
for rolling paste or dough into lamina for pastry, and for levigating preserves,
and can be applied to like use for paints, &c. A shews the circular frame-
work of wood or other materials, to which the apparatus is fixed.
B is a
perpendicular iron shaft, working in a brass step C, and a plummer block D,
and has a flanch E cast thereon, carrying the circular board F (about an
inch and a half thick) screwed thereto, on which the marble top G rests,
both of which are put in rotatory motion by the winch H turning the two
bevelled tooth pinions I. J is a screw bolt, with a wing or thumb nut, and
holds down the eye of the lever K, which passes through the radiated roller L,
which is set at the required height by washers of various thickness placed
under the eye of the lever, the two wing screw nuts on the screw bolt M
being also set to the required height, or the lever has a handle shewn at
Figure 11, and is held to the required height. On the central bearing
or washers one hand is applied to the handle, and with the other the
winch is turned. Figure 12 is a perspective elevation of the radiating
rollers, by which all kinds of pastry matters can be rolled out. Figure 13
is a stone, metal, or glass muller, fixed on a square shaft or lever passing
through the central square bole N, for the levigating process. This muller
is fixed, and the top of the table is put in motion, instead of the muller,
as now practised. O is an iron hoop, fixed to the rotatory top, and projecting
about an inch above it, to keep matters on the-table. P is a groove, receiving

page_text: at intervals a ball friction roller, to give easy motion to the under side of the
table.
Having thus described my new modes and apparatus, I would have it
understood that they relate to any form or use to the extent of their application
for any such like purposes and articles.
The thirteenth head or claim of my Invention relates to new methods and
articles for setting and cleaning knives, saws, and such like domestic articles
and will be well understood, by the following description, reference being had
to the several Drawings herewith.
Plan No. 3, Divis. 13.-Figure 1 is a perspective front, and Figure 2 an
end elevation of my improved knife sharpener, which can be set and fixed
at any angle. It consists of a cast iron or other metal stand, with two
ends cast or fixed, as shewn at A, A, and two horizontal iron bars, about
an inch and a half square, placed parralel to each other, and moving on
their axis, resting therein, represented by the two circular dots, Figure 2,
B, B, at uniform distances; and I fix, by shrinking, on each bar narrow
squares of about half an inch of hard steel, as shewn at E, the surface of which
is drawn filed; the bottom of these steel squares on the opposite bars, overlap
or pass a little between each other, so that when a knife is drawn longitu-
dinally between them, as shewn at C, both of its sides are sharpened at once
by the squares of steel being set and held at the required angle by the thumb
screws D, D, pressing into a groove formed in the ends of the bars. The axis
of these bars are lifted out and replaced; and are so made that the position of
the ends can be reversed at the sloats shewn at F, F, as occasion requires, to
present the different sides, or bring any portion of the steel squares into
operation. It is well known that saws used for domestic or other purposes
require great practical skill in what is technically called setting, and that
few artisans attain sufficient skill to perform it by the method at present in
use. The following description will enable any person to perform the same
with the greatest accuracy:-Figure 7 is a cross section, and Figure 8 an
elevation of my improved saw set, whereby the teeth of any saw can be set.
It consists of a steel or other metal plate, with notches formed therein to
receive the teeth of the saw, as shewn at N, with my improvement of a
longitudinal sloat O, formed for the guage P, P, to slide freely in by turning
the screw Q, which can be performed at either end, at the notches formed
for that purpose, which screw takes its bearings at each end in the snugs R, R,
riveted to the plate M. By turning the screw, the guage P, P, is moved to
and fro by the nut S on the screw Q, and is set and held thereby at the

page_text: distance from the notch in the plate intended to be applied to the teeth of
the saw, so that when the intended bend or way (as it is technically called) is
given to one tooth, the set plate is held tight by one hand of the operator,
by the inclination given by the bend of the tooth thereto, the screw driver
is then applied by the other end in one of the notches or nicks at the ends
of the screw, and the guage P, P, is carried forward thereby until the down-
ward point comes close to the side of the saw blade; the plate and guage
being then in proper place, are applied to each tooth separately, and precisely
the same way or bend is given to all of them, by observing only that the
point of the guage in setting each tooth just touches the side of the plate.
T is the handle. Figure 8 is a section, and Figure 4 a side elevation of
my new small portable knife cleaner, whereby both sides and the back of
the knife are cleaned or polished at the same time. It consists of two parts
or chaps of cast iron, hinged together at A, A. One of the chaps is cast
with the bottom or stand B, and the other is hinged for pressing sufficiently
against the blade of the knife. The inner side of these chaps I prefer to
cover with buff or other leather, by means of glue or other strong adhesive
matter, and coat over the surface of the leather with the same; and while
in a soft state, I strew it with fine emery or other suitable powder, so as to
form a layer or thickness thereon. C is a small tin conical-formed hopper,
soldered on the back of the hinged moving chap, for receiving the brick
dust or other suitable powder, which is allowed to pass by degrees between
the chaps, by opening the lower end of the spring D with the top of the knife
blade. The knives are applied in cleaning with their backs downwards, and
and are then moved to and fro with one hand, and the other two handles
E, E, are pressed sufficiently towards each other to bring the chaps tight
against the blade with the other band. I occasionally prefer to combine
side by side on one stand, for convenience, this cleaner and my knife sharpener,
before described. Figure 5 is a central section of the apparatus, and Figure
6 is a plan of the top of my rotatory or revolving knife cleaner, whereby a
number of knives are cleaned at the same operation. A is a winch handle,
with a square socket fitted to the top of the perpendicular. shaft B, the socket
or thimble of which works on the adjusting screw or pivot bolt C, screwed
through the brace or bearing bar D. E is a plummer block, which the
perpendicular shaft has free motion in, and is screw bolted to the brace or
stay bar. F, F, is a circular wood top, two inches thick, and about twenty-
one inches wide, or diameter, screwed on the under side to the cast iron
flanche of the perpendicular shaft, and is put in rotatory motion by the winch
handle. The outside frame or circular casing I form of thin sheet or cast

page_text: iron, wood, or otherwise, with a rim G, G, about four inches wide and one
inch thick, on which the knife handles rest in semicircular- radiating grooves
formed or cast therein and covered with soft leather. H, H, is an iron
plate of about half an inch thick, corresponding in size and with the radi-
ating grooves of the top rim, and is covered with leather. In like manner,
when the knives are placed as shewn at I, I, the top plate is then screwed
down sufficiently tight to keep the knives in position by the screw bolt at J.
The lever K is held down by the handle with one hand, which presses the
circular bar with the set screws L, L, sufficiently on the blades, and motion
is given to the board F with the other hand.
The plan Figure 6 shews the
Brick dust, or some suitable
top of the table with twelve knives applied.
powder is applied on the rotatory wood top, and the blades of the knives
are turned by unwinding the screws J, J. When the blades are cleaned
the backs are rubbed to and fro on the leather M, M, which is stuck on
the iron.
Having described the above articles and methods, I will here mention that
my Invention relates to the full use of the same, or any modifications thereof,
however applied to such like purposes.
The fourteenth head or claim of my Invention relates to the application of
iron heaters for laundry and such like purposes; to the application of iron
heaters, and the formation of and application of portable vessels for boiling
eggs and other small matters; also for the formation of stands, and the
application of iron heaters to the bottoms of urns, tea kettles, coffee pots,-and
similar vessels; and for the further application of such like stands, by applying
two or more heaters to the cooking, on both sides at once, of steaks and chops,
&c. This part of my Invention and the articles will be well understood
from the following descriptions, reference being-had to the several Drawings of
the same :-
Plan No. 3, Division 14.-Figure 1 is a front, and Figure 2 a side elevation,
of my new formed iron heater of cast iron, about two thirds of an inch thick,
and an inch wider each way than the face of the iron applied. The horizontal
part A is thrust into the fire, while the perpendicular part B is giving off its
caloric to the iron; when cool it is taken out, and the parts A and B are
reversed. C, C, are flanches cast on the iron heaters for supporting the iron,
shewn at F; E is a wood handle; fixed on a wrought iron rod, cast or screwed
into the other part. Figures 3 and 4 are perspective elevations of my further
improved portable iron heater, which can be suspended to the bars of the
fire grate by hooks A, A, and is supported on the feet, shewn at C, C, when on

page_text: the table. Figure 3 shews the part for containing the heaters, made of thin
cast or sheet iron; Figure 4 is the same with heaters applied. F shews one
of the heaters detached, which when heated is placed in the groove by the
wood handle and iron rod B, shewn at D, D, Figure 4, and when so placed
a space is left in front sufficiently large to take the iron. It can be made to
take a greater number, held in place by sliding the handles down the sloats,
shewn at E, E; the irons are heated quickly, and do not require cleaning.
Figure 15 is a longitudinal central perspective section of my improved sub-
stitute for the Italian iron for ironing frills and laces, &c., which consists in
the mode or formation of a rotating apparatus, the motion of which keeps up
a steady uniform heat, by the circulation of hot silicious sand or other such
like matter. F shews the foot of the cast iron stand; G is a bent supporting
bar cast thereto, in which the shaft or axle H takes its bearing, and has
free motion; I is a thin double cased metal cylinder, fixed to the axle part,
as shewn at J, J; K, K, are sections of two tubes or Italian iron, similar
in form and size to the ordinary kind, and cast with or are fixed to the outer
case of the cylinder. I generally apply four of these tubes fixed at right
angles, and occasionally vary them in size to suit different articles. Before the
parts are finally fixed or riveted together I apply a sufficiency of fine clean sand,
or other suitable matter, to fill the circular cavity L, of about half an inch
thick; and two of the four tubes, which sand is brought to the temperature
required by an iron heater, shewn at Figure 16, applied in the cylindrical
socket M. The cylinder and tubes are turned round by the handle N, which
occasions the sands heated in the cavity to fall into the lowest empty tube;
and that in the highest tube takes its place in the cylinder, so that two tubes
are full, and the sand for heating the two empty tubes is again heating in the
cylinder. O is a fork, and R is a spring applied as shewn, which fork at the
end of the lever Q, embraces and holds the tubes at the right angle for use,
and as they become cool, and require to be turned round, the fork is drawn back
by pressure applied to the lever and spring. Figure 6 is a central section of
my apparatus for boiling eggs and other small matters, and consists of an
inner and outer vessel for holding water, and made of tin or otherwise, with a
socket formed to take an iron heater. A, A, shews the outside vessels on
legs riveted thereto, and placed in a tray with handles; B shews the socket
for receiving the iron heater Figure 7, placed and removed by the handle
Figure 8, screwed into it at the hold. C, D, shews the perforated covered
internal vessel to receive the eggs, which are removed by the handle E, the
water draining off into the outer vessel. Figure 14 is a longitudinal central
section of a coarsely perforated tin vessel, containing four or any other number

page_text: of circular, inverted, fine perforated, moveable tin dishes for poaching eggs,
and are placed in or removed from the outer vessel by the small handles F,
which slide in a sloat formed in the external vessel. When the eggs and
circular dishes are placed as shewn, the apparatus is applied for boiling by
the handle G. Figure 9 is a perspective elevation of my new stand on legs
in a tray, with a recess A at the top to receive a heater for heating an urn,
tea kettle, or other article placed thereon. The stand is of tin, iron, or other
metal. Figure 10 is an iron heater, shewn at A, placed in the recess by
the handle Figure 11, screwed at the hole B, it is then unscrewed, and the
vessel placed thereon. Figure 12 is a central section of a tin or other dish,
with a cover and a recess E formed thereon to receive a similar heater to
Figure 10. When a steak, chop, &c. is placed in the dish, the cover with
the recess E is placed thereon; this cover is perforated, as shewn at E, E,
for the escape of steam, &c. The dish is then placed on the heater and stand,
Figure 9 a heater is then applied in the recess of the cover at C, which two
heaters will cook the matters in the dish; where great dispatch is required, it is
necessary to keep two or more of these heaters in readiness. The heaters I
form of cast iron about one inch thick, but they can be made of any other
thickness or size. Figure 13 is a central sectional Drawing of the above tray,
stand, dish, and cover put together. It is obvious that a variety of forms
can be given to such like articles. I will hero mention that my Invention
relates to any form and application the methods are susceptible of.
The fifteenth head or claim of my Invention relates to machine or apparatus
for washing or cleaning all kinds of woven fabrics, or articles for domestic or
similar purposes, and applying such apparatus to the purpose of a bath for
bathing; for the manufacture of tubs formed of metal, and occasionally
coated with my enamel process or otherwise, for washing and other domestic
purposes, and for methods of hanging window sashes, so that they may be
opened for ventilation without the weather drifting into the apartment, and by
which the cleaning can be performed without getting to the outside of the
window, and also for articles to be used in the same, all which will be well
understood from the following descriptions and the several Drawings referred to.
Plan No. 3, Division 15.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of my washing
apparatus. A is a vessel made of metal or wood, ploughed or tongued, and
rests on wood bearers, or it can (if required) be mounted on wheels. B is a
furnace for heating the water, made of cast or sheet iron or copper, and the
flanchies formed thereon are fastened to the woodwork or otherwise by screws
at C, C, with iron rust or other suitable cement between. The furnace has a

page_text: cylinder D passing through it, with flanches at each end riveted to the outer
casing, and has a grating placed therein to receive the fire. At E a funnel is
fixed in one end F, conducting the smoke to the chimney; at the other end
is a fire door and fender to keep in the fuel and ashes. The outside of this
cylinder and the inside of the casing containing the water.I coat with tin or
other metal to prevent oxidation. The water in the bath is.heated by con-
tinually passing into and out of the apertures G, G, and when sufficiently hot the
circulation of the hot water into the bath is stopped by my additional end or slide
of wood, or otherwise, closely fitted in a groove formed in or against each side
and the bottom shewn at Y, thus preventing the contents of the bath becoming
too hot. H, H, is an upright piece of wood, fastened to the sides of the bath,
having a sloat therein, shewn at I, in which works. on axles a pan of what
may be called lantern rollers, formed of wood, shewn at J, and put in rotatory
motion by the winch handle, working in brass bearing in the end elevation
at K, Figure 2. Each arm or rib of the lower lantern rollers is formed of a
double thickness of board with a number of holes. formed therein, with a
passage of about one inch between each board to.allow the water to drain off,
as shewn at L. Each of these four angular. recesses are covered with sack-
cloth, so as to form four pockets or bags, to receive. the articles to be washed,
which were secured in the bags by an apron of the sackcloth turned over
each end, and buttoned, as shewn at M. The sackcloth at each rib of the
lantern rollers is capped with a roller working on axles in bearings formed at
each end, or a circular piece of wood is fixed thereon, as shewn at N; or I
place the fabric to be washed in separate coarse canvass bags, made the length
and size of the recesses of the rollers, and fasten them at each end.or one side
only, as before described, and turn them as required. .The.length of, the ribs of
these lantern rollers is the same as. the width in clear of the bath, and, each
bag is immersed in the water with its contents, and is subjected to the
pressure and a tortuitous action between the ribs of. the upper, lantern rollers
as they revolve. The axles of the shaft of the upper rollers have free motion
up and down in the sloats, so as to admit of various thicknesses in the
bags. O is a section, and P. an elevation, of a pair of chaps formed or faced
with brass, for holding a canvas bag at each end, which. is open at one side
for the purpose of filling, and is held tight by screws Q, Q, for the purpose of
wringing. R is a winch handle, one of which is applied on each side of the
bath, and are turned in opposite directions, and twist or wring the bag and its
contents. The shafts of these winches work in brass or iron bearings,.as. shewn
at S. Supported by a piece of wood T, fastened to the sides of the bath V,
is a portable board for the wringing bag to rest on while filling and emptying,

page_text: which, as well as the lantern rollers, is removed when the bath is wanted for
bathing in. U is a metal plug for discharging the water, and Figures 3 and 4
are central perspective sections of my new metal tub, the bottom of thin cast
or sheet iron, with a flanch W, W, to which the sheet iron sides are thickly
riveted. The sides I prefer of one piece or sheet of metal, riveted or seamed
at the joint and I turn over and the upper rim B, which also serves the
purpose of handles; and to prevent oxidation, when made of iron, I enamel
the inside as far as the extreme edge of the turnover circular rim, and paint
the outside with two or three coats of paint. Before applying the enamel
I occasionally stop the joints in with iron rust, cement, or red or white lead.
When founded of metal less liable to oxidation, which is generally thinner,
I stiffen the upper part of the rim by turning it round a bar of iron, as shewn
at X, X, Figure 4, to a proportionate strength according to the size of the
tub, and I coat the bottom and joints inside with tin or other metal, or by
a precipitation by the magnetic processes, and paint the outsides; or I coat
both the inside and out with paint or cover the inside with any water-
proof composition but I most prefer the following, videlicet, one pound of
cartouch, half a pound of resin, a quarter of a pound of shellac, and a quarter
of a pound of venus turpentine. I cut the cartouch into small fragments and
boil it a sufficient time in water to soften it, and then apply it to the other
parts of the ingredients, and expose the mixture to a heat of about one
hundred and eighty degrees for the space of about twenty-four hours. When
dissolved I spread or coat it on fine canvas or other fabric, and then evenly
apply it on the inside of such vessels, and when set I occasionally paint it over.
Figure 5 shews an elevation, and Figure 6 a plan and cross section of my
new method of hanging, opening, and cleaning windows, which consists of
combining a number of thin pieces of hoop iron or other metal, or parrallel
pieces of wood placed together in the iron frame that surrounds or contains
them, which frame will be the same thickness as the sash style wherein it is
fixed. One of these frames and the contents is fixed in each of the hanging
styles of the sash, and each plate has free motion on a suspending pin or shaft
passing through holes formed in the top part of them, and the side plates
which are screwed to the hanging styles of the sash, shewn at A, Figure 6,
applied and detached at Figure 7. One part of the iron or other frame for
containing the parallel or other shaped plates form two sides of a triangle, the
sides of which come flush with the outer and inner sides of the style, one side
being screwed to it, as shewn at B, B. The other plates of the frame are
screwed to the hanging part of the style which slides in the grooves of the
sash frames C; this plate has a bevelled edge which drops into a similar groove

page_text: formed on the inside of the outer plate at D, keeping the joint weather-tight
when the sash is closed; or I occasionally (in lieu of the iron frame above
described) rabbit or groove the sash styles to contain the plates of wood or
metal. These sashes are hung in the usual way. The hanging style, with
the iron or other frame, and the thin parallel or other shaped plates of wood
or metal folded up, are shewn at E, Figure 8, and the hanging line at F. The
elevation G, Figure shews the sash standing open for ventilation in wet
weather. The thin plates of wood or metal are shewn at H as they appear in
their quadrant or fan-like form on each side the sash, and project or lap
over each other, preventing the weather drifting in. Each thin plate has
a small radial sloat, and a fixed riveted head pin sliding therein at the
bottom, shewn at I, allowing its opening in the fan-like shape. It is held in
that position by the circular bar, Figure 9, which books on to an eye fixed to the
bottom rail of the sash J, and on the pin and thumb screw on the end of the
inner sash K. L, L, shews a thumb screw, which passes through those two
rails to hold them in place, the upper part sliding down the groove of the
frame M. The inclined position here shewn allows the rain to fall on the outside
of such windows, which tends to keep them clean, and can be lowered so as to
allow the further cleaning of the outside to be performed inside the room.
In cleaning, I prefer to use the ball-shaped mop shewn at Figure 10, which
I make of narrow strips of threads or chamois leather; the bottom part I form
by sewing it to a rounded wool-stuffed webb cushion, nailed to the handle; and
in finishing the upper part in a ball shape to prevent the glass being injured,
I double those strips round slight brass rings, and then pass them down the
handle, as shewn at Figure 11, until sufficiently shaped, and I then keep these
rings in place by driving a nail on the top of them into the wood handle.
This
mop, or a skin of chamois leather used by hand, I find to answer the
purpose better than any other material. My Invention relates to the methods
and articles herein described, and to the full use of the same, or any form or
modification thereof however applied.
The sixteenth head or claim of my Invention relates to improvements in the
form and construction of brushes and mops, and for the combination of a brush
and mop or a broom and mop in the same articles, and for working or fixing or
holding any such like articles to any suitable angle or position, and the applica-
tion of the same to brushes for painting, whitewashing, &c.; the combination
of a brush and mop in the same article for washing carriages, &c.; the appli-
cation of a recessed back to common scrubbing brushes; the combination of a
chalk line to a brush; the manufacture of portable mop trundlers; an improved

page_text: combination of a shoe brush and scraper, and for making a new artificial stone
for cleaning hearths, &c. The methods in manufacturing such articles will be
readily understood from the several Plans and description thereof; the letters
apply to the same parts in each Plan of the different formed articles.
Plan No. 4, Division 16.-Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of my new
formed brush and mop combined in the same article, whereby all cleaning can
be performed without the operator being in a kneeling position. The stock part
of the brush is of wood, and the hair, bone, or bristle, &c. is applied as in
similar articles. This Plan shews the brush part downwards in the position
for scouring, and the part which is upwards is the mop, made of woollen or
other suitable materials, which I sew to a suitable sized piece of of coarse web,
as shewn at Figure 2, and fixed or nailed in the recess in the wood stock, which
I prefer formed in one piece, or it can be put together in the form as shewn.
The long handle is fixed in an iron socket, shewn detached at Figure 3, and
worked in an iron eye at the back; part of this stock passes through a sloat
formed in the iron brace or stay, fixed to the upper and lower parts of the
back of the wood stock, which stay is shewn detached at Figure 4. When
either the brush part or mop is in use the hook formed in the upper ferrule is
passed into the upper mortice of the iron stay, which holds the handle in
position for use. A is a cast-iron ferrule, with a hole in the centre to take
the pin which is riveted in or cast on the plate, Figure 5, tied by strings round
the body of the operator, and the double flanched ferrule B, fixed on the lower
part of the handle, is placed on the edge of the trundler, with one of the flanches
on each side the bearing to keep it in place; and then the pin, Figure 5, being
applied in the hole of the ferrule at the end of the handle, the mop is trundled
by pulling the strings C in opposite directions. Figure 6 is an iron bracket,
fixed on any convenient place, with a sloat formed therein to receive the
flanched ferrule B, for trundling when the operation is carried on out of doors;
when carried on within the house the use of my portable mop trundler,
Figure 7, is indespensible. It consists of a circular or other formed box D,
of tin, zinc, iron, wood, or other material, with an opening E formed in one
side with a thin plate of iron, which forms a groove for the cover F to slide in ;
which plate has a circular hole in the centre of the lower part to receive the
doubled flanched ferrule when the mop is trundled. G is a cock for drawing
off the water. H, H, are iron bars which support the trundler, and are
astened to the sides of the bucket I containing the water by thumb screws J, J.
The bucket I is placed in the circular case on the top of the small wheel
arriage, Figure 8. Figure 9 is a perspective elevation of my further combi-
ation of the mop and the brush in the same article. In this the handle is

page_text: fixed in its proper position to suit either the brush or mop part; it also
shews the brush side downwards and the mop part upwards, and is fixed to a
piece of wood or stock of the form shewn. The brush part is made in the
usual way, and the thrum of the mop is sewn to a piece of coarse web, and is
fastened as before described. The mop is used to wet the surface and the
brush to scrub it, and then the mop side is used again for wiping it.
Figure 10 is a further form, shewing the recess in the wood stock to receive
the mop.
Figures 11 and 12 are forms of the same kind to receive the
ordinary mop shewn at Figure 13, fastened to the wood stock of the brush
by a nail in the usual way.
Figure 14 shews a mop of the common kind,
with my two ferrules, &c. fixed on the handle for more easy trundling.
Figure 15 is a new form of mop, with my new method of fastening the
thrum on web or other suitable fabric, and stuck or nailed to the circular
wood stock. Figure 16 is an elevation, shewing my combination of a mop
and brush for the purpose of washing carriages, &c. Figure 17 is the same,
with the recess in the back part to receive the mop part, shewn detached at
Figure 18, and is fastened as before explained. Figure 19 is an elevation of
my combination of a mop, fixed on the back of the wood stock of a common
scrubbing brush. Figures 20 and 25 are perspective plans of my recess
formed in the wood stock of a common scrubbing brush, for more easily
applying the water in scouring. Figure 20 shews the recess without a cover.
Figure 21 shews a cover of thin wood or metal applied with holes, as shewn,
to fill or dischage the water. Figure 22 is a central longitudinal section.
Figure 23 is an elevation shewing my combination of a chalk line frame and
brush in the same article for various uses. K shews the chalk line frame of the
ordinary description, with a hole through the centre forming a socket, having free
motion on the wood pin, which is turned out of the piece forming the handle,
passes through the socket, and fastens into the wood stock of the brush. Figures
25 and 26 are elevations shewing the front and side of my new apparatus
applied to a brush for whitewashing or such like purposes, whereby the brush
can be fixed to any suitable angle. L is a thin iron plate, screwed to the
wood stock of a brush, and has free motion on the pins M, M, formed thereon,
which pass through and take their bearings in holes in the iron cheeks, as
shewn, which are fixed in the long wood handle N. 0, 0, are thumb screws
which hold the brush at the angle required, and screw into the circular
flanches in the cheeks P. Figures 24 and 27 are elevations of a similar
constructed apparatus for taking a round paint brush only. In these I form a
conical socket on the revolving iron plate to take the handle of the brush
shewn at Q, Q, which is held tight by the set screw R. The iron side cheek

page_text: which fasten in to the wood handle, are in this instance made longer to admit
the length of the brush handle. Figure 28 is a cast-iron portable shoe scraper,
varying but little in form from the ordinary one, but has my additional circular
or other formed revolving top, with a handle and brush. A is a socket cast in
the circular upper frame of the scraper, in which the perpendicular iron rod
has free motion, to which the winch B is applied; and the lower circular part,
which is made in two parts, one riveted to the perpendicular part of the rod
which passes through the socket, and the other plate is screwed thereto, as
shewn at C. Between these plates the materials which form the circular
brush D.are placed in a radiated form, and the upper leathers of the boot
can be cleaned by holding the circular brush in any required direction by the
winch handle. Figures 29 and 30 are elevations of the side and top parts of
my apparatus for holding and applying hearthstones, so that they may be used
by a person standing instead of kneeling. S, S, shew a piece of hearthstone,
which is held fast between the iron chaps, made to approach each other by
working right and left handed on the thumb screw bolt V, which passes through
and takes its bearings in the cheeks of the iron frame, fixed to the long wood
handle W. The chaps are kept parallel by notches which slide on the fillet of
the metal, formed on the inside of the iron frame, as shewn. I make my new
artificial hearthstone by mixing about one part of plaster of paris with threo
parts of finely ground free or other stones, or fine or light colored sand mixed
with water to a pasty consistency, and placed in suitable moulds, and are then
taken therefrom are dried in any convenient way. I occasionally dissolve
about one pound of alum of commerce in each gallon of water to harden the
stone; but this can be omitted when any of the light calcarious cements are
used, which are mixed in their manufacture with either the alkali or earthy
salts, or acids, or with other matters having the same effect.
Having described my improved articles and methods, it will be evident that
a variety of modifications of form can be given to them. I wish it understood
that my Invention relates to the full use and applications of the same to all
similar purposes.
The seventeenth head or claim of my Invention relates to a new application
of mechanical principle, by forming a ball on a lever applied to a socket or
circular cup bearing, in which it is suspended so as to rotate, vibrate, and form
up and down motions therein, and the full application of the same to all the
purposes of which it is susceptible, one of which is for mashing, pulverizing,
levigating, or mixing matters. Secondly, the application of the same to a
churn, and for agitating matters heating in boilers, &c. Also for a portable

page_text: apparatus for washing plates, dishes or vegetables, &c., and for a new con-
struction, form, and method of making a fire or cinder shovel in two parts, and
attaching them together so as to revolve into each other and to admit of their
being used as a shovel or as a circular sieve. This part of my Invention will be
well understood from the following descriptions and the several Plans referred to.
Plan No. 4, Division 17.-Figure 1 is a central sectional plan of my
portable vegetable masher or pulverizer, or suet chopper and paste and
pudding mixer and levigater. A shews my new application of a ball on a
lever suspended in the circular cup or socket bearing, as shewn. B is a dish
made of wood, metal, or otherwise, to the inside circular form given by the
radial length of the lever; from the circular socket bearing thereof a ball C is
screwed on to the lower end of the lever, which can be moved in any direction
by the part of the lever above the bearing of the ball A, and will mash or mix
any pulpy matters. When suet or other matters are to be chopped, I screw
on cutters or choppers, as shewn at Figures 2 and 3, in place of the ball C,
and a variety of other articles can be applied. The upper moveable part D, I
make of tin or other suitable material. E is a rim fastened or formed on the
upper rim of the bottom circular dish, so that the part D fits closely. F is a
covered aperture for inspecting the operations. Figure 4 is the same applied
to a churn for dairy purposes. The part D and the socket of the lever in this
I prefer to form of wood or metal. G represents the hoops, and H, H, a
tongue for making the vessel liquor-tight, which passes into a groove, as
shewn. Figure 5 shews my ball, lever, and circular cup or socket bearing
joint to a large scale. I also apply this apparatus to agitate matters in
boilers, stills, &c. When the ball and circular bearing are ground together,
they are perfectly steam and water tight at their junction. Figure 6 is a
perspective elevation, and Figure 7 a central section of my new apparatus for
washing vegetables, plates, &c., and for other useful purposes. It consists of
two vessels placed one within the other at a suitable distance so as to move
freely. A shews a wood or other tub of the ordinary kind, with an iron rib
or rails and an iron pin C fixed on the internal centre of its bottom, on which
the perforated metal inner vessel rests and has free motion on friction rollers
H, H, on the iron rail and a socket on the central pin, as shewn at I. When
the matters are placed in the inner vessel and water is added, the hands of
the operator are applied to the handles J, J, and a backward or forward
rotatory motion given until the matters are cleaned; the inner vessel is then
lifted out and the water drains into the outer one. Figure 9 shews the two
parts of my new constructed combined fire or cinder shovel and sieve separated,
which are made in the form shewn of thin sheet or cast iron, tin, or other

page_text: metal, and perforated. Figure 10 shews the two parts riveted together by
the central pin N, on which the upper part has free motion, and is here shewn
as a shovel, and when the ashes, cinders, &c., are taken thereon the upper
part is turned round by the handle O and it is converted into a sieve, shewn
at Figure 11, and the riveted projecting pin P passes into the sloat Q, which
holds it firmly in either position.
Having thus described the above parts of my Invention, I will here mention
that I claim the same as herein stated, and any modification they are sus-
ceptible of, to the full extent of their application.
The eighteenth head or claim of my Invention relates to new forms and
methods to finger plates to doors, &c.; to new articles and modes of holding
and lifting doors simultaneously to clear the carpets, and so that they inay shut
close upon the floor and supercede the use of sand bags; and will be readily
understood from the following description thereof and the Plans referred to.
Plan No. 4, Division 18.-Figure 1 is an elevation, shewing my improve-
ment on finger plates to doors, They are manufactured in any suitable
material in the usual way. The novelty of my improvement consists in
forming them of sufficient size to take the knob or other handle and key
holes of mortice locks, as shewn at A. My method not only keeps the door
clean, but supercedes the use of escutcheons, except to the key hole, which
moveable escutcheon I rivet to the plate. I occasionally coat them with
enamel in my marble or party-color process, and I also coat iron and
other metal knobs in like manner. Figure 2 is an elevation of my new
holder or door stop or fastener, which consists of a thin brass or other
metal plate B, with counter-sunk holes therein to receive the screws, for
fastening it to the bottom rail of the door, as shewn at C. This plate has
the projecting socket D riveted to it as well as the spring E and latch F,
which presses on the eye of the swing bolt G resting on the round flanch H
formed on the rod or perpendicular bolt which passes through the fixed
socket D, and has a circular foot formed at bottom with jagged teeth on the
under side, shewn at I, which is pressed tight upon the floor, as shewn and
applied to hold the door in any required position. When not in use, the
hinged ring handle on the top of the perpendicular bolt is lifted on to the
projecting pin J. When the door is shut the swing bolt G is turned round
and the hook part K passed into an eye or thimble screwed to the architrave
or door jamb, as shewn at L; then the ring bandle at the top of the per-
pendicular bolt is liberated from the projecting pin J, and the latch F presses

page_text: on the swing bolt, and the foot I presses on the floor and holds all secure.
Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a friction
roller and plate, which must vary in size and strength according to the size
and weight of the door whereon it is fixed. The plate is screwed to the
under side of the bottom rail, as shewn at M. Figure 5 is an iron or brass
plate with a circular recess N, into which the friction roller drops when
the door is shut, as shewn at O. This plate I let in an screw flush with the
floor. The door is hung with shifting ог lifting butt or similar hinges. As
the door begins to open, the friction roller in the recess of the plate at once
rises and passes round on the circular plate in the floor, the door being
simultaneously lifted clear above the carpet, according to the diameter or
projection of the roller below the bottom of the door. When the door is shut
the bottom fits close to the floor. The top rail of the door is bevelled, as
shewn in the sectional plan, Figure 6, at '; and the rabbit of this part of the
door jamb requires to be sufficiently deep to allow the door to rise as required;
or I perform the same by fixing the friction roller nearly flush with the
lower part of the bottom rail of the door, and in opening it rises and passes
around on a circular metal rail or flanch projecting above the flat plate screwed
into the floor, as in the first method. Figure 7 is an end, and Figure 8
a front elevation of the friction roller applied and detached in this way.
Figure 9 is the circular flanched plate. The angle of the flanch is a littlo
rounded off at one end to allow the roller to rise and pass on to it, and
the door is lifted from the floor the same height as the flanch on the plate,
which must be sufficient to clear the carpet. Figures 10, 11, 12, shew a
third method which I apply to the edge of any part of the hanging side
of the door and jamb, and I occasionally apply the same mode to the knuckle
parts of lifting butt or other hinges. Figure 10 shews the part made of iron
or brass, with countersunk holes therein, which I screw to the door jamb.
Figure 11 shews the part which is let in flush and screwed to the edge of the
door. Figure 12 shews the parts 10 and 11 together, as applied; they will
vary in size and strength with the door. Q shews my metal circular projecting
part, cast or formed on Figure 10, which is let in flush and screwed to the
door jamb, with my rounded inclined plane R formed thereon, to allow the
friction roller S, working on axles shewn at Figures 11 and 12, to rise easily
and pass around on the horizontal part of the top thereof, lifting the door the
height of the thickness of the projecting circular part Q.
Having thus described these articles and methods, I will here mention that
my Invention relates to the full use and application of the same.

page_text: The nineteenth head or claim of my Invention relates to new methods of
constructing candlesticks, by the addition thereto of a glass, metal, or porcelain
or other tube of various colors or tints resembling the form of wax candles, so
made that any kind of candle being placed in these tubes are kept in place by
a spring or weight, which also forms a self-acting push-up, and is so con-
structed that the tube remains at the same height and presents the appearance
of a whole candle, or the elastic force of the spring is reversed, or a weight is
applied to serve the same purpose, and the tube is carried down as the top of
the candle is consumed; and for the application of a recess to the stands of
candlesticks or lamps for containing matches. This part of my Invention will
be well understood from the following descriptions and the Drawings referred
to. The same letters refer to the same parts in each.
Plan No. 4, Division 19.-Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section of a
candlestick, of any suitable material, made in the usual way of any ornamental
pattern. The tube parts must be parallel and straight. My colored glass
or other tube is here shewn, and a section of a lighted candle applied.
In this my first method the tube always remains at one height. As the
candle is consumed, the spiral wire spring (proportioned to the size and weight
of the candle) shewn at A, and presses against the under side of the dice
of metal or push-up riveted on the top of the central longitudinal rod B,
which dice fits and passes freely up and down on the inside of the tube, and
carries with it the long central rod and chain, and supports the candle against
the shoulder at. I, on the inside of the top of the colored glass tube. The elastic
force of the spring continues to act until the candle is consumed, as shewn in
the longitudinal central section, Figure 2, when the push-up, dice, wire, and
central long rod has reached the top of the tube, and the hook and eye with
the chain thereto at the bottom of the central rod has come in contact with
the bottom of the metal tube C, C, which is fastened to the candlestick by
screws at D, D. The long rod B is pulled down by the chain E, which again
compresses the wire spring into the metal tube A, and is held there by the
look at the bottom of the central rod taking hold of the square fixed staple F
in the hollow of the bottom of the foot of the candlestick, and the chain is
placed loosely in the recess thereof, as shewn; and when another candle is to
be placed in the tube it is unscrewed at G, and having been again screwed on
the hook at the end of the central rod is released from the staple and the
candle is pressed against the inverted shoulder I, which can be formed as
shewn or as will be hereafter described. The bottom part of the glass tube is
fixed to the metallic screw part by my method of uniting such like articles,
with a small indented groove formed round each. When the tube is placed in

page_text: the metal socket, with its bottom resting on the shoulder of the joint, just
above the screw thereof, to receive the thickness, and the inner surface of
each face of the tubes is even throughout, the indented grooves II are run full
of tin, lead, or otherwise, through a hole formed in the metal tube for that
purpose, which holds the two parts firmly together. The part of the metal
tube A which contains the spring when compressed, and has the metal screwed
socket G and the glass or other tube applied thereto with the dice and central
rod, is shewn on a large scale detached from the candlestick; each part will
there be seen more distinctly, and to render it more clear it is there shewn
without the wire spring. The tubes are formed in the usual way, whether of
glass or other material; those made of metal I prefer to coat on their outsides
with colored or tinted enamels or japan, and to place at the top a thin dice
of tale, enamel, fleur spar, or other non-conducting substance, with a hole
in the centre, and is fixed on the under side of the inverted shoulder, at the top
of the tube, as shewn at M. Figure 4 is a longitudinal central section,
shewing any second method, by which all the different parts of the tube
descend as the candle is consumed by the force of the spiral spring acting
downwards, and the dice and central rod B fixed to the cross bar J, in the
hollow of the bottom or foot of the candlestick. The longitudinal central
sectional plan of the same, Figure 5, shews the wire spring extended and the
tube forced down on the inside of the candlestick, which is then lifted up
and the spring is closed or compressed, as shewn at Figure 4, by the bent
lever handle K, which passes in a longitudinal sloat formed in the shaft of
the candlestick, and is held at the top on a bearing, while the tube is being
unscrewed, and when the candle is inserted is again screwed on and the lever
handle is relieved from off the bearing, and the inverted formed shoulder at
the top of the glass tube presses down on the top of the candle, the wick of
which being ignited the tube descends as the candle is consumed. Figure 6
is a longitudinal central section shewing a third method. Lis a weight which
slides freely up or down on the inside of the shaft of the candlestick, and is
sufficiently ponderous to effect the same purpose as the spiral spring. This
weight has a hole formed longitudinally through its centre to admit of free
motion on the fixed rod which supports the dice and candle, and when down
is lifted up by the lever handle K, then the tube is unscrewed and a candle
inserted, and it is again screwed on to the top of the weight, and the lever
handle is removed from off the bearing. I occasionally form the tube with
metal screwed or otherwise fastened on the top for inserting the candle, instead
of at the bottom, as before described, and also make the tubes in long lengths,
cutting them afterwards to suit the lengths required, and then, in lieu of the

page_text: small inverted shoulder on the top being formed as part of the top of the tube,
I apply a separate ferrule or dice of metal, enamel, tale, or other suitable non-
conductor of heat on the inside of the top of the tube, as shewn at Figures 7
and 8, which represent central sections of the top of tubes prepared in this
way. Figure 9 is a metal screw top or plug, with a bevel or inverted
projecting shoulder M formed thereon, which is ground in with sand, &c. to
the end of the tube in the customary way, which forms the inverted part and
the screw therein, then a ferrule or dice, as above, which has been turned with
a screw thereon to fit the metal top, is applied, as shown at N. I occasionally
stain or mamel those ferrules so as to resemble the color of the tube.
Figure 10 shews another form of a metal top or plug, the same, except the
screw, as Figure 9, but with the addition of my metal groove cutter O
screwed therein, and with the small indentations for containing the sand
formed in the circular cutting part, shewn after the end of the tube has been
ground down by the inverted shoulder M. The metal groove cutter is applied
by screwing it into the part, as shewn, to form the groove P, P, Figure 8,
which groove cutter is projected by the screw thereon as the groove becomes
deeper, by the friction of the same, and a similar corresponding groove is
formed in the ferrule or dice, so that when applied in the top of the tube they
come immediately opposite each other and are firmly fixed by the groove
being run full of lead or other suitable matter at the hole Q. Figure 11 is a
central section of a common chamber candlestick, of tin or otherwise, with my
covered recess thereto, which sufficiently shews the application to such articles
or to lamp stands. R shews the hinged covered box or recess for containing
the matches. S is the close fitted hinged cover, with a piece of fine punched
tin soldered on the under side T, so that when open and turned back the rough
surface gives friction to the match applied to it. These rough surfaced
covered boxes I occasionally make separate, and attach them to the candle-
stick by a staple and remove them as required.
Having thus described my new and improved methods, I will here
mention that I claim the full use and application of the same to all, similar
purposes.
The twentieth and last claim of my Invention relates to balances or weigh-
ing apparatus for domestic or similar purposes, which perform the operation
without weights by four several methods; one by the elastic resistance of a
spring, another by a bent lever and weight, and the other two by hydraulic
pressure, as will be readily understood from the following descriptions, refer-
ence being had to the Drawings of the same, which references apply to the

page_text: Plan No. 4, Division 20.-Figure 1 is a cross figure, 2 a longitudinal
central sectional plan of my portable weighing apparatus by the elasticity
of a spring, the principle being familiarly known. The novelty of my
improvement principally consists in applying the same on a portable pedestal
or stand, and applying thereto a standing in lieu of a banging scale, with
the addition, in some instances, of two circular index plates, one on each side
of the pedestal or stand, the hands of which point the weight on each
side. The box or stand I make of tin, iron, wood, or otherwise; it has a
bolt A screwed in the centre of the cover, and the upper side of a strong
elliptical steel spring is made fast to and suspended therefrom by a nut or
screw at B, and the bars C, C, which support the scale, are screwed to the
lower side of the spring, and at the upper side is fixed a vertical rack E, which
is forced downwards as the elasticity of the spring is operated upon by the
weight applied; the descent of the rack turns a small toothed pinion F, each
end of the axis of which passes through and takes its bearing in the sides of
the pedestal. A hand is fixed at G, G, which points, on the graduated circle II,
the weight applied. The periphery of the front index plate is shewn at I in
dotted lines, as they are not supposed to be seen in this view of the apparatus.
The perpendicular parts of the bars which support the scale have a longitudinal
sloat formed in them at J, to admit of their clearing the two ends of the axis
of the pinion in their motion up and down, and are kept in an erect position
by the two hollow friction rollers K, K. Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4
a longitudinal central section of one of my hydraulic weighing apparatus. A
is the stand or box, of wood or otherwise, of a square or other form, partly
filled with water at B. C, C, is a cylinder or other formed vessel made of
tin japanned, and formed square, or in wood, or otherwise, floating on the water
contained in the stand A. D is a circular metal graduated scale fixed perpen-
dicular on the cover of the box or stand, with a pin formed thereon, on which
the eye of the lever E takes its bearing, and has free motion; one of its ends
point to the circular graduated scale, and the other passes under the hollow
friction roller applied at the bottom of the dish or scale F. The weight applied
causes the cylindrical or other formed vessel to sink and carry down the end
of the lever, which passes under the roller and raises the outer end, which
points on the graduated scale the weight applied, and, as soon as the article or
pressure is removed, the end which points on the graduated scale the weight
applied, and which must be made to preponderate, drops down to the lowest
mark on the scale, to which it must be adjusted, as required, by increasing or
diminishing the quantity of water. The cylindrical vessel in its up or down
motion is kept in an erect position by the friction roller I, and the water passes
in or out of the two divisions of the box or stand at the aperture J, and is

page_text: kept steady on the surface by the floating board K. Figure 5 shews a second
method of applying the lever, which passes under the hollow friction roller at
the bottom of the dish or scale to point out the weight applied. Lis the lever,
with a preponderating ball at the lower end, and moves freely on a pin fixed on
the perpendicular part of the stand or frame M, and around the eye of the
bearing part of the lever a toothed secture is formed, which turns an equally
numbered toothed pinion, on the axis of which is fixed a hand N, shewn in
dotted lines. The index on the circular plate is not supposed to be seen in this
View. The circular plate is fixed against the perpendicular part of the stand,
and the axis of the toothed pininon passes through and takes its bearing
therein. I apply this part of the apparatus of the lever toothed secture pinion
and graduated scale to a weighing machine, without the other part containing
the water, by cucreasing the height of the stand, the length of the lever, and
the size of the weight, and by making the other end of the lever a little shorter
and bent a little more downwards at the end, with a hook thereon to take the
scale. Figure 6 is an elevation, Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of my
fourth method, which consists of a bent tin, iron, or other metal tube, with a
flexible cylindrical bag of waterproof cloth or leather, fixed to one side or arm
of the apparatus, with circular hoops of wire fixed at intervals therein to keep
it extended, as shewn applied at B, and detached at Figure 8, the ends of
which are water-tight, confined between the shoulders of the flanches of the
pipe shewn at C, C, and at the top on the under side of the scale D, D. E is
a brass graduated scale, with a glass tube running up the middle of it, fixed in
a socket formed on the pipe A, into which the glass tube opens, and the water
consequently is at the same level in both. The scale D presses down the top of
the bag, which raises the water in the arm of the pipe A and the glass tube E,
and the weight applied is shewn on the scale. The level of the water can be
easily adjusted by pouring in at N, or by drawing off at F, the necessary
quantity. c, c, are hollow friction rollers applied to the rim of the scale, and
keep it in place as it moves up or down against the fixed guide bars H, H. I
is a stand of wood or otherwise for keeping the apparatus in a perpendicular
position, and may be ornamented as shewn.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim, is,-
First: I claim, first, the apparatus and methods described of constructing and
fixing closely fitted valves in domestic chimney flues, so that they may be
cleared through an aperture formed for the purpose; also, the methods and
apparatus for conveying the ashes from fireplaces without carrying them

page_text: through the apartment; also, the modes of forming chimney tops, as
described, so that the currents of air assist the draught of the chimney; also,
the methods of forming the lengths of poles for chimney cleaning brushes, of
several filaments, strips, or rods; and also, the application of the process of
enameling to iron chimney pieces and other iron or metal articles of a like
description, in plain, tinted, figured, or party colors, or to resemble marbles or
other stones or designs, as to the whole or parts of their surfaces, which are
set forth in the first division of the Plans and Specification.
Secondly, I claim the methods explained in the second division of the Plans
and Specification of encreasing the elasticity of steam by passing it through a
coil of pipes placed in flues or fireplaces, and through hollow bars applied to
fire grates or other hot medium, after it leaves the boiler in which it has been
generated, and the application of the same to cooking and other domestic
uses or purposes; also, the method of occasionally encasing and surrounding
such pipes with sand, and passing air through such pipes and the hollow bars
of fire grates to heat closets and other apartments; also, the method of fixing
or applying one boiler cr such like vessel within another, with a strata of sand
between them; also, the method of applying a sand joint at the junction of
portable stands and boilers, or similar articles; also, the application of a
canopy over or around the tops of portable or fixed boilers or other similar
vessels, so as to convey the steam or effluvia arising from them, and the air
necessary to keep up ignition, to the fireplace or chimney, and the application
of the same to domestic and general uses; and also, the methods described,
or any modification thereof, of forming fire grates with canopies and revolving
or sliding doors, converting them into close stoves or open fireplaces at plea-
sure, with or without a sand joint, as explained, and whether applied to
ascending or descending flues.
Thirdly, I claim the application of a cast or wrought iron bottom to culinary
articles made of tin or copper; also, the occasional application of a strata of
sand between two bottoms or sides of such articles to regulate the heating or
boiling; also, the application of a wirework or perforated tin vessel to such
articles for straining matters cooked therein; also, the combination and full
application of double covers to all culinary utensils whatsoever, where one of
such covers is formed of wire-work or perforated tin or other metal, and jointed
together, so that they may be used together or separate; also, the mode
described of forming a culender, the bottom and top of which are made to
approach each other, or any modification thereof; also, the methods of form-
ing tea kettles, coffee pots, and such like articles, with flues, as described;
also, a
portable stand with sand joint, for heating such and similar articles;..

page_text: also, for the application of attached vibrating stands to tin or other metal
vessels of the above descriptions, when formed with inverted conical bottoms,
with or without my iron bottom applied thereon; and also, the application of
a perforated moveable false bottom for straining, which are set forth in the
third divisions of the Plans and Specification.
Fourthly, I claim the constructing and combining a compact portable
cooking apparatus for cooking with steam, and to bake and boil at the same
time, and similar apparatus for baking and boiling only; also, a combination
of vessels, by which matters can be partially or wholly boiled or steamed by
the same operation, which are set forth in the fourth division of the Plans
and Specification.
Fifthly, I claim the construction and manufacture of saucepans, boilers, &c.
with fluted or corrugated metal bottoms; also, the manufacture of gridirons
or similar articles of fluted or corrugated metal, with or without perforations;
also, the application of a piece or frame of wirework or perforated tin to such
like articles; also, my new formed screen, and the application thereto and to
other articles; of similar uses applied before the fire, of the frame of wire-
work or tin, before described, or any modification, which are set forth in the
fifth division of the Plans and Specification.
Sixthly, I claim the use and application of gauze or other wirework or per-
forated tin or other metal plate, to cradle or other formed spits, and of separate
moulds or envelopes of the same materials, of a variety of forms, for similar
purposes; also, a new formed apparatus or cradle spit for receivng the same,
and other spits made of the same materials, for roasting any flat substances,
together with the methods of continual basting, as described; also, the form
of roasting screen described; also, the application of double cylindrical or
other double formed vessels, with a strata of sand between to keep up
uniformity of heat, for roasting coffee, and the application of a hollow per-
forated shaft or tube to such like apparatus to carry off the smoke, &c.
arising therein, which are set forth in the sixth division of the Plans and
Specification.
Seventhly, I claim the full use and application of a single or double cover
to frying pans, whether of perforated or solid tin or other metal plate, or of
gauze or other wirework, or partially of each, and whether fixed or moveable;
also, the occasional application of double bottoms to frying pans and such like
articles, with a strata of sand; also, for modes of applying matters to be
cooked between frames of gauze wirework or perforated tin or other metal
plate; also, the application of double culinary vessels, with a strata of sand
or such like matters between the sides as well as bottoms, so that they can be

page_text: used for baking as well as boiling; also, a new construction of vessel, and
the application thereto of sand or other similar matters, for roasting pota-
toes, &c.; and also, the application of hot sand to warming pans, braziers, and
similar warming or rarifying purposes, which are set forth in the seventh
division of the Plans and Specification.
Eighthly, I claim the full use and application of fastenings, by means of
joints and locks, &c. to all kinds of dish covers, and to the covers of jars
for general purposes, whether the same be made of wirework, metal, glass,
or earthenware; also, methods of suspending meats, &c. to dish covers, or
otherwise, for baking; also for dishes of any form in tin, iron, zinc, or
other metal, with a fixed double bottom, and a strata of sand inserted in the
pace between, for baking and for dairy uses and other purposes; also, for
the use and application of a recess formed around the top or sides of jars,
canisters, and other such like vessels, whether made of metal, glass, earthen-
ware, or otherwise, and the application of soap, tallow, fatty or glutinous
matter therein, so as to form hermetically sealed joints to such vessels when
their covers are applied; also, the application of like recesses to all meat
and vegetable dishes, the condensation of steam forming a water joint thereto,
or water can be applied therein for the same purpose, which are set forth in
the eighth division of the Plans and Specification.
Ninthly, I claim the use and application of dish stands, for the convenience
of carving, on which the dish can be moved round and held at pleasure in
any position, with or without a lamp and hot water, and with or without a
water joint to the dish; as described; also, the application of a portable stand
and lamp to glue pots, and such like water baths; also, the application of a
lamp or hot water, or a heater, to the bottoms of workmen's breakfast or
dinner cans, or such like vessels; also, the application of a double cased vessel,
with sand or water between, to a chamber lamp; and also, the application of
hot water or heaters to toast racks, which are set forth in the ninth division
of the Plans and Specifications.
Tenthly, I claim the full use and application of self-acting ball stoppers
to decanters, bottles, and other similar uses; also, stoppers with springs or
levers, as described; also, the application of folding covers to tin, pewter, or
other metal drinking cups with two handles; and also, the modes described
of making flour dredges, so that in addition to discharging the contents
through the perforations, the same may be discharged by degrees in larger
quantities through a mouth piece, and with or without a spring for opening
the same, which are set forth in the tenth division of the Plans and Speci-
fication.

page_text: Eleventhly, I claim the full use and application of portable dish or
plate warmers, with or without rising bottoms, as set forth; also, the
application of an indented groove to hold water or other matters, formed to
the rims or sides of all kinds of jars, dishes, or other vessels, whether made
of earthenware, glass, or other suitable materials; also, the forming of such
like joints to the rims or sides of chamber pots, pans, or receptacles to receive
the bottom rim or flanch formed on the covers thereto; also, the forming
such like joints to the seats of privies, chamber pails, and such like articles,
with my previously mentioned soapy, fatty, or glutinous matter applied thereto,
and the application of the same to all such like joints; also, the application
of a finely perforated false bottom placed in the inside of flower pots and pans.
It will also be seen that the same or such like grooves, troughs, or recesses
can be applied for forming borders for gardens, and for surrounding plants,
the grooves being filled with lime water or other fluid, which are set forth
in the eleventh division of the Plans and Specification.
Twelfthly, I claim the full use and application of the portable machine or
apparatus or combination of parts for cutting mince meat, stuffing sausages,
cutting, mashing, or grinding vegetables, &c.; also, a portable article or combi-
nation of a sugar cutter, and fruit or vegetable presser, and the modes thereof,
as explained; also, for a portable apparatus or table, the top of which can be put
in rotatory motion by hand, or otherwise, for rolling, laminating, or levigating
paste or dough, and a variety of similar useful purposes, or any modification
thereof, which are set forth in the twelfth division of the Plans and Speci-
fication.
Thirteenthly, I claim the application of squares of steel, prepared and
applied to knife sharpeners, with the methods of setting them to any required
angle, and the ready modes of reversing the ends of the bearings of the shafts
on which the steel squares are fixed; also, the forming saw sets with sliding
guage; also, for methods of forming a new portable knife cleaner, with hinged
chaps or plates and lever bandles, and the application of hoppers to such like
articles for supplying the cleaning powder thereto, and the other parts, as
explained; also, the combination of a knife cleaner and sharpener on the
same portable article; also, the methods and apparatus for cleaning several
knives at the same time, the knives being held in a stationary radiating
position, and the knife board is put in rotatory motion with the other parts
of the portable apparatus, or any modification thereof, which are set forth
in the Plans and Specification.
Fourteenthly, I claim the full use and application of the articles, methods,

page_text: or means of beating irons for the laundry, and such like purposes, by applying
them against portable heaters, previously heated, as described; also, the
application of heaters to portable vessels, for boiling eggs; also, vessels for
poaching eggs, which can be applied thereto, or otherwise; also, the use of
stands, with the application of metal heaters for keeping the contents of coffee
pots, tea kettles, and other vessels in a hot state; also, for the method described
for cooking chops, steaks, and other matters, on both sides at the same time,
by the application of heaters with the apparatus employed, or any modification
thereof; also, for the formation of a rotatory apparatus as a substitute for the
italian iron, with a cavity for the circulation of sand, and other suitable
matters, to be brought to the temperature required by a heater, which are set
forth in the fourteenth division of the Plans and Specification.
Fifteenthly, I claim the apparatus, or any modifications thereof, for washing
any domestic or other articles of woven or textile fabrics, and the application
of part of the same apparatus as a portable bath, with the addition of a valve
or slide for forming a double end for keeping the water from rising above
the degree of heat required; also, the manufacture of washing tubs or pans
of sheet iron or other metal, and coated with enamel, or otherwise, prepared
as described; also, the methods or apparatus for hanging and cleaning windows,
or any modification thereof, which are set forth in the fifteenth division of
the Plans and Specification.
Sixteenthly, I claim the full use and application of the forms, combination,
and construction, or any modification thereof, of brushes or mops, as explained;
also, the combination of a brush and a mop in the same article, and for fixing
such articles to any suitable angle; also, the method explained of sewing and
fastening the thrum or other materials, and modes of trundling the same;
also, for similar methods of holding brushes for painting, whitewashing, &c.;
also, for the combination of a mop and brush in the same article for washing
carriages or other uses; also, for the application of a recess, either open or
covered, to the backs of scrubbing brushes, and the occasional application of a
mop thereto; also, the application and combination of a chalk line frame to the
stock or handle of a brush; also, the manufacture of portable mop trundlers,
varied as explained; also, my improvement as to shoe scrapers, so that the
upper leather or any other part cleaned at pleasure; and also, for the manu-
facture of artificial hearthstones, and the methods described of applying such
like substances, which are set forth in the sixteenth division of the Plans and
Specification.
Seventeenthly, I claim the full use and application of a ball on a lever, to

page_text: have any required motion in a circular cup bearing, and the modes of applying
the same for chopping, mashing, levigating, pulverising, or mixing matters;
also, the application of the same as a churn, or for agitating fluids or other
purposes with the apparatus thereto; also, the modes described of converting
two vessels into a portable apparatus for washing dishes, vegetables, &c.; also,
the forms and methods of making a fire or cinder shovel in two parts, attached
together to revolve one in the other, forming either a sieve or shovel at pleasure,
or any modification of the same, which are set forth in the seventeenth division
of the Plans and Specification.
Eighteenthly, I claim the full use and application of finger plates to doors
when made in size and form to suit the purposes described; also, the coating
metallic knobs to doors, &c. with my plain or party-colored enamels; also, the
construction and application of attached holders to doors, or any modification
thereof for the same purpose; also, the modes or methods of lifting doors
simultaneously with the opening, so as to clear the carpets, &c., which are set
forth in the eighteenth division of the Plans and Specification.
Nineteenthly, I claim the full use and application of the addition to candle-
sticks of a glass or other tubes of various colors to resemble wax candles, the
springs or weights keep the candle in place, and also form a self-acting push-up,
so that the tube has the appearance at all times of a whole candle, or by
reversing the elastic pressure of the spring the tube is carried downwards as
the candle burns; also, the methods of attaching glass or earthenware tubes to
metal; also the modes and application to the tops of such tubes of a ferrule of
metal, talc, fluer spar, enamel, or other such like substances; and also, the
application of a box or recess to contain matches, &c., with a cover and a
rough surface thereto to candlesticks and lamp stands, which are described in
the nineteenth division of the Plans and Specification.
Lastly, I claim the full use and application of the four methods or any
modification of constructing domestic balances or weighing apparatus, by
which the operation is performed without weights; one by the application of a
standing dish or scale to the elastic resistance of an elliptical spring when
fixed to a portable pedestal or stand; the second, with a bent lever, with a
weight at one end and a hook and scale at the other, and around the eye of
the fulcrum bearing of the lever a toothed secture is formed, which turns a
toothed pinion, the axis of which carries a hand which points on a circular
graduated plate the weight applied; thirdly and fourthly, the modes or methods
by hydraulic pressure as described, with the apparatus thereto, and also the
application of a cylindrical bag of waterproof cloth or leather to such like

page_text: purposes, which are set forth in the twentieth division of the Plans and
Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Second day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-five