STOVES AND FIREPLACES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bateman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1882.
JOHN BATEMAN of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex
STOVES AND FIREPLACES"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My invention relates to stoves or heating apparatus in which burning gas or
other fuel is used for the purpose of producing the necessary heat, and it has for
its object novel methods of making and arranging the parts of the apparatus so
that it is simple, cheap, and at the same time very effective for the purpose
required.
Í take a frame, preferably of metal, forming a chamber or space into the lower
part of which mixed gas and air are admitted and burned through suitable burners.
of the ordinary well known kind. I line the chamber or space with fire clay or
other material sufficiently refractory to heat, except at the top or front where the
flame, heated air, and other products of combustion are to escape, and I arrange so
as to be thoroughly heated by the flame, tubes of a diameter and size which may be
varied according to the character of the stove and the purpose to which it is to be
applied.
The lower ends of these tubes open to the air below the level of the flame, and
I sometimes bend them outward at their upper part, so as better to discharge the
air which entering at their lower open ends becomes heated in its passage through
them, into the room or other place which is to be warmed. Sometimes I cover the
tubes described with fireclay or other incombustible cement or material, which may
itself be coated or surrounded with asbestos; or sometimes I cover the tubes
themselves with asbestos.
A wire or thread of fine platinum or other sufficiently durable metal, may be
wound upon the asbestos or arranged in the flame so that by its incandescence
when heated it may give brilliance to the fire, and it may be arranged in the form
of letters or other devices or designs.

page_text: The tubes described may be made of metal, clay, or other suitable and sufficiently
incombustible material, and they may be bent or convoluted in any convenient way
so as to expose more surface to the air passing through them, and more effectually
to utilize the heat of the burning gas and air. And sometimes I make them of
larger size in the middle than at their ends, so as to heat a greater volume of air,
or sometimes I reduce the size of the aperture at their upper or outer end so as to
produce a quicker and sharper discharge of the heated air from them.
Metal tubes of the kind described may be covered with fireclay or cement or
asbestos, as already described, and they may be made in the form of irregular
blocks or pieces, so as to resemble in appearance lumps of coal, each piece being
hollow and provided with an inlet and outlet pipe, the former to receive a supply
of cold air below and the latter to discharge it above when heated, as already
described.
Devices of the kind just described may be used for ordinary fireplaces burning
coal or other fuel as well as for gas stoves, and they may be modified to suit
different circumstances.
For instance one or more hollow pieces of considerable size, and preferably of a
flat shape, may be arranged amongst the fuel in an ordinary fireplace, and the
cavities in them becoming sufficiently hot, cool air passes through the supply pipes
below into the cavities where it is heated before passing out through the discharge
pipes above.
The tubes may be arranged so that their lower inlet tubes may take their supply
of air from any desired locality, and their upper ends may also be conveyed to the
most suitable place for the discharge of their heated air.
I sometimes use the tubes in the form of separate knots, or bows, or convulutions
inserted into the gas or other fire, their inlet and outlet ends for the admission of
cold air and discharge of heated air respectively being properly arranged.
The front bars, or the firebars, or both, of ordinary fireplaces may be utilized for
the purpose of heating air in the way described, by making them hollow and
causing them to form part of the channel or passage through which cold air
entering below passos and is heated before being discharged, and the sides and back
of the fireplace may also be made hollow and similarly utilized, and these hollow
sides or back may be coated with fireclay, or fireclay and asbestos, in order to
equalize the heat.
In another form of arrangement which I sometimes use for the purpose of
utilizing the heat of the gas or other fire, I take metal or other material capable of
sufficiently resisting heat, such as cast iron or other metal, metallic wire, china, or
porcelain, or wire bent or twisted or otherwise formed into pieces of convenient
form, and I cover such metallic wire or material with asbestos, fireclay, or cement,
or both asbestos and fireclay or cement.
I place the pieces so prepared in the flame of the gas or other fire so that they
become sufficiently heated, the heat being thus equalized before being radiated from
them into the room or other place to be heated. In this way the rapid oxidization
and destruction of the metallic wire is prevented, and the heated air is not affected
by such oxidization.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Bateman in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 4th April
1883,
JOHN BATEMAN, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex
3 STOVES AND FIREPLACES "
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My invention relates to stoves and fireplaces in which burning gas or other fuel
is used for the purpose of producing the necessary heat; and it has for its objects
novel methods of making and arranging the parts of such heating apparatus so that
it is simple, cheap, and at the same time very effective for the purpose required.
In order to put the first part of my invention in operation, I take a frame
preferably of metal such as cast iron of such shape that it forms a chamber of any
suitable size into the lower part of which mixed inflammable gas and air are
admitted and burned through suitable burners of the ordinary well-known kind.
I line the chamber or space with fireclay or other material sufficiently refractory to
beat, except at the top or front where the flame, heated air, and other products of
combustion are to escape, and I arrange so as to be thoroughly beated by the flame,
and by the hot products of combustion, tubes the number, diameter and size of
which may be varied according to the character of the stove and the purpose to
which it is to be applied.
I make the tubes described of metal, clay, or other suitable and sufficiently
incombustible and refractory material, and they are arranged in a position more or
less vertical or inclined, their lower ends being open to the air below the level of
the flame and their upper ends being also open and discharging into the room or
place which is to be warmed, for which purpose I sometimes bend their upper ends
forward and outward.
The front and open part of the stove or heating apparatus described may be filled
in round the open upper ends of the tubes, with wire or wire gauze, through which
the heat from the burning gas and air passes and is equalized and distributed, as in
the arrangement described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to Edward
Barnes, for "Improvements in Gas furnaces" dated November 9th A.D. 1871 and
numbered 3019.
It will be seen that the flame of the burning gas and air heats the tubes described
which are arranged in its midst, and that accordingly air which passes through
them entering at their lower ends becomes heated before being discharged through
their upper open ends into the room or other place to be heated. At the same time,
the heat from the burning mixture is radiated from the fireclay into the room, and also
passes through the wire or wiro gauze by which it is equalized and distributed, as
in the arrangement described in the Specification of Edward Barnes already
referred to.
•
I sometimes make the tubes themselves form a part of the wire or wire gauze by
which the heat is equalized and distributed as described. For this purpose I make
some or all of the wires hollow, their lower open ends receiving a supply of cold air
and their upper ends discharging the air into the room after it has been warmed by
the heat from the burning mixture passing round the outside of the hollow wires
through which the air is moving.
I prefer to use for the purpose gauze or network of any suitable size, but having
at intervals more or less vertical hollow wires or tubes woven into it.
I sometimes cover the tubes arranged in either of the methods described with
fireclay or other incombustible cement or material, which may itself be coated or
surrounded with asbestos, or sometimes I cover the tubes themselves with asbestos
without the intervention of other material.

page_text: The tubes arranged so as to be heated in the flame as described may be bent or
convoluted in any convenient way so as to expose more surface to the air passing
through them and thus more effectually to utilize the heat of the burning gas and
air. Or, sometimes I make them of larger size at or near the middle of their length
than at their ends so that a greater volume of air may be heated, or sometimes I
reduce the size of the aperture at their upper or outer end in order to produce a
quicker and sharper discharge of the heated air from them.
Metal tubes of the kind described may be covered with fireclay or cement or
asbestos as already described, and they may be made in the form of irregular blocks
or pièces so as to resemble in appearance lumps of coal, each such piece being hollow
and provided with an inlet and outlet pipe, the former to receive a supply of cold
air below and the latter to discharge such air above, when heated, as already
described.
In the accompanying drawings which are in illustration of my invention figure 1
is a front view and figure 3 a transverse section of a gas stove constructed and
arranged in the manner first described. a is the frame, enclosing a space b lined
with fireclay at c, in which gas and air are burned from the pipe d. Tubes are
shewn at e e, e, the lower ends of which take in cold air at fand discharge it when
warm at g. Woven wire or wire gauze is shown filling up the front of the
stove at h.
In figures 3 and 4 some of the wires of the gauze itself are shewn tubular at h,
so that air passes through them and is warmed.
In figure 5 the tubes are shewn at e, e, e, passing through the mass of wire h, by
which the heat of the burning gas and air is distributed and equalized. The lower
ends of the tubes through which cold air is admitted are not shewn in the drawing,
but are arranged in any convenient position in the stove. In figure 6 the tube e
is shown expanded at e¹ for the purpose of heating a larger quantity of air, and in
figure 7 a tube is shewn bent backward and forward for the same purpose.
Devices of the novel kind herein before described may be used for ordinary fire-
places burning coal or other fuel, as well as for gas stoves, modifications being
made in them to suit the different circumstances in which they are to be applied.
For instance, one or more hollow pieces of considerable size and preferably flat in
shape may be arranged amongst the fuel in an ordinary fireplace, so that when the
cavities in them become sufficiently hot, cool air passing into them through suitably
arranged supply pipes below becomes heated before passing out through corre-
sponding discharge pipes above.
This method of arrangement is shewn in figure 8, in which a is an open fireplace,
b, b, are hollow flat pieces arranged in the fire and having inlet openings for cold
air below at c, and outlet openings for the warned air at any convenient position
as shewn at d, d.
In figure 9 a similar method of arrangement is shewn, but the hollow pieces or
blocks b, b, are made to resemble lumps of coal.
The tubes may be arranged so that their lower inlet ends may take their supply
of air from any desired locality and their upper ends may also be conveyed to any
place selected as most suitable for the discharge of the heated air.
I sometimes arrange the tubes in the form of separate knots, or bows, or con-
volutions inserted into the gas or other fire, the inlet or outlet openings at their
lower and upper ends for the admission of cold air and the discharge of heated air
being properly arranged. Such a method of arrangement is illustrated in figure 10
in which a pipe is shewn twisted helically.
In another form of arrangement which I sometimes adopt for the purpose of
utilizing the heat of the gas or other fire, I take metal wire bent, or twisted, or
otherwise formed into pieces of convenient form and size, and I cover such wire
with asbestos, fireclay or cement, or both asbestos and fireclay or cement. I place
the pieces so prepared so that they are exposed to the flame of the gas or other fire,
and thus become sufficiently heated, the heat being in this way equalized before
being radiated from them into the room or other place which is to be heated. By

page_text: this method of preparation the rapid oxidation and destruction of the metallic wire
is prevented, and the heated air is not affected injuriously by such oxidation.
I do not confine myself to the precise form and proportions of the apparatus
hereinbefore described and shewn, which may be varied to suit varying circum-
stances, but having described my invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed, I claim:-In gas heating stoves, the combination with burners burning
mixed inflammable gas and air, of tubes straight, curved, bent, or convoluted, heated
by such burning mixture through which tubes air passes and is heated, substantially
as described and shewn in the drawings.
Also, the method of making such tubes form part of wire or wire gauze by which
the heat is equalized and distributed substantially as described and shewn in the
drawing.
Also, the method of covering the tubes arranged and used as described with
fireclay, asbestos, or other incombustible cement or material, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
Also, in stoves heated by gas or other fuel, the method of making and arranging
hollow blocks or pipes heated by such gas or other fuel and provided with inlet
and outlet pipes through which air passes and is heated in its passage, substantially
as described and shewn in the drawings.
Also, the method of covering wire or wire gauze used in heating stoves for the
purpose of equalizing and distributing heat, with fireclay, asbestos, or other
incombustible cement, in order to prevent the oxidation of such wire or wire
gauze, substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof I the said John Bateman have hereunto set my hand
and seal this 4th day of April in the year of our Lord 1883.