IMPROVED MEANS FOR PROPELLING STREET CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert William Eddison, of Leeds, in the County of York'
for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR PROPELLING STREET CARS
AND OTHER VEHICLES." A communication from abroad by John Imboden, of
Richmond, Virginia, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 30th November 1877, and dated the 22nd June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert William Eddison
"
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1877.
ROBERT WILLIAM EDDISON, of Leeds, in the County of York. IMPROVED
MEANS FOR PROPELLING STREET CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES." [A. communication
from abroad by John Imboden, of Richmond, Virginia, in the United States of
America.]
The object of this Invention is to provide for cars and other vehicles a motor
truck or under engine to be propelled by steam power, which will not interfere
with their receptive or carrying capacity, and to this end it is designed to utilize
the usual waste space between the wheels under the bottoms of such vehicles by
the application of flat or laterally expanded engines of proper character.
Usually it is preferred to build a horizontal frame, to and under which the
engine and its connections are for the inost part arranged, and upon which a car or
other carrying receptacle may be readily mounted without losing any portion of
its capacity for the accommodation of passengers or freight, and without interfering
with the full operation of the driving mechanism.
Usually one end only of the car is supported by the motor truck or under engine,
and is engaged with it by a pivot bearing, there being also a traverse bearing on
the truck for the support of the car.
The frame of the truck or under engine is of the same width as the bottom of
the car body, and extends sufficiently beyond the end of the car to provide for a
front platform and cab being formed on it to provide for the accommodation of the
engineer, and the arrangement of the parts of the mechanism requiring his direct
attention. The engine frame or truck has also attached to it two pairs of car wheels,
and carries below it the body of the boiler and furnace, or heater, the engine,
cylinders, condenser, and water tank, the whole constituting an engine of hori-
[Price 8d1

page_text: zontally extended character. Suitable springs are interposed between the truck
and car to relieve the passengers from jarring and jolting.
The boiler is a horizontal tubular boiler placed longitudinally over the axles of
the truck and between the wheels; this boiler is made of greater wiḍth than
height. At the front end of the boiler is a vertical portion, the upper part of which
At the back of the
forins the steam chamber, and below this is the boiler furnace.
boiler is a transverse smoke box from which the hot air and gases pass to the
tubular flues of two auxiliary boilers placed one on either side of the main boiler
and parallel with it. The auxiliary boilers are connected at their rear ends to the
main boiler by short pipes, and at their front ends by small equalizing steam pipes
to the steam dome.
The auxiliary lateral boilers serve a twofold purpose first, they afford an
additional length of tubing and corresponding heating surface, and more perfect
absorption of the heat by the water; and in the second place they avoid sudden
checks to the evolution of steam in consequence of the feed water being injected at
low temperature; to avoid this the feed water is caused to flow through the entire
length of the lateral boilers or heaters before it enters the main boiler. By this
means also the current of water in the heaters and boiler is directly opposite to
that of the hot air and gases from the furnace, which will have a beneficial effect
on the material of the boiler and tubes by preventing sudden contraction and
expansion.
The fire-box is designed to be protected against radiation by a non-conducting
jacket, and is so constructed that it can readily be opened for cleaning or repairing
the tubes when necessary.
A water tank is carried under the front end of the
platform, and above this end of the platform coal bunkers are provided in a con-
venient position for the engineer and protected by his cab.
The running gear of the engine is protected by a casing to protect it from rain
and dust.
The machinery of the engine is chiefly arranged below the frame of the truck,
It consists of steam cylinders
and below and parallel with the steain boilers.
working on to cranks on one of the truck axles; the cylinders oscillate at their
rear ends on a large trunnion, through which are two parallel passages by which
steam is supplied to and conveyed from the cylinders. Slots or steam ports are for
this purpose formed in the cylinder bearings which embrace the trunnion, and. as
the cylinder oscillates to and fro they are brought successively over corresponding
ports in the trunnion.
The cylinders may either be single or double acting. The trunnion is also embraced
by collars through which are steam ducts for supplying steam to and conveying it
from the steam ducts in the trunnion. The steam, after passing a throttle valve, is
admitted through one of these ducts to one of the steamways or channels of the
trunnion, and through the other duct the exhaust steam is carried off. Each duct
has two passages corresponding to the two trunnion chambers, so that either may be
used at will for induction on the one hand, or for exhaust on the other: In this
manner it is designed to provide means for reversing the engine by simply changing
the channel of induction and making a corresponding change in the exhaust way,
wliich is effected by the steam cocks or throttle valves; these are placed at the
opposite ends of an oblong steam chest divided centrally into two chambers, one of
which serves for induction, the other for exhausting. Each chamber is cylindrical,
ór slightly tapering, and receives a similar plug. At the inner ends of the two
chambers are steam and exhanst ways to which the steam and exhaust pipes are
connected.
Lateral ducts are provided on both sides of the two chambers or valve seats, and
to each set of opposite ducts are connected pipes leading to the trunnion chambers.
The cylindrical plugs are each formed with an elbow-shaped passage starting from
their inner end, and leading to their side, so that by turning the plug to bring its
side port opposite to one or other of the lateral ducts of the valve seats com-
munication can be established with either one or other of the trunnion passages;

page_text: and so the engine can be driven in either direction, or communication can be closed
to both of them.
By choking the exhaust the engine will be caused to work more slowly, and its
action may be so retarded by this simple means as to hold back the car in going
down inclines without the aid of breaks on the wheels. By cutting off the exhaust
entirely the engine is stopped instantly; to again start the car it is only necessary
to again open the exhaust cock, when the cylinder pistons, being freed from the
resistance of the imprisoned steam on which they had cushioned, renew their
motion, so that practically the engineer will conduct all the operations of starting,
breaking, slowing, and stopping the engine by the manipulation alone of the exhaust
cock. In connection with these cocks is also a small casing enclosing a safety
valve which, if the steam pressure rises too high, opens and allows steam to pass
from the steam chamber to the exhaust chamber. The exhaust is led to the water
tank carried at the front end of the truck frame.
Lea
In place of the boiler being arranged longitudinally of the truck frame as herein-
before described, it may be arranged transversely, having within or below it a
heating chamber, the length of the chamber and boiler being about equal to the
width of the truck.
Sometimes, instead of using a fire-box and combustible material, a cylindrical
heating chamber may be formed under the boiler; and in this may be suspended a
revolving cradle consisting of a plate of iron having a semi-cylindrical sheet-irou
shell attached on one side, forming a chamber, which is designed to be filled with
asbestos or some other incombustible non-conductor. In this construction it is
designed to supply heat and keep up steam by heated billets of iron inserted into
the open space of the cradle. The cradle can be turned by ratchet or other
gearing, and so the engineer can turn the hot ingot away from or supply it to the
bottom of the boiler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert William Eddison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st December 1877.
ROBERT WILLIAM EDDISON, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVED
MEANS FOR PROPELLING STREET CARS AND OTHER VEHICLES." (A cominunication
from abroad by John Imboden, of Richmond, Virginia, in the United States of
America.)
;
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a representation of a vertical section of this Invention
Figure 2 is a transverse section; Figure 3 is a top view; Figure 4 is a bottom view;
Figure 5 represents sections of the cylinders; Figure 6 represents a transverse
section of the trunnion; Figure 7 is a vertical section of the safety valve, steam
cock, and chest; Figure 8 represents a front view of the motor; and Figure 9, details
of the steam cock and chest.
This Invention has relation to steam engines for the propulsion of street cars and
other vehicles, and it consists in the construction and novel arrangement of a truck
or platform frame, above which is the car or receptacle for passengers or freight, and
below which is arranged the engines, a pivot bearing on the truck for engagement
with the car, and in connection therewith, a traverse bearing for its support, a cab
on the end of the truck frame for the accommodation of the engineer, a horizontal
boiler with furnace or heater suspended under or within the truck frame or under
the bottom of the car, a double-ended steam chest with dual valves for regulating
the injection and exhaust, and thereby reversing,.slowing, or stopping the engine,
a double bored and ported cylinder or trunnion, and in combination therewith, the
piston, cylinders, and pipes communicating with the steam chest, the vibrating
piston cylinders, bearing at one end on the ported trunnion, and connected at the
other end through the medium of the piston bars or rods with the cranks of the
driving axle, the automatically adjustable inside bearing and pedestal on the crank
shaft, the coal bunkers on the front platform, and the suspended water tanks con-
nected to the truck frame, the longitudinal last pipes from the forward end of the
truck, extending under the same to the fire-box, the horizontal layer arrangement
of the boiler apparatus and engine mechanism, the horizontal tubed water heaters
parallel to, and in connection with the main boiler, and the protected safety valve
and its chest, all as herein-after shown and described.
The object of this Invention is to provide for cars and other vehicles a motor
truck or under engine to be propelled by steam power, which will not interfere
with their receptive or carrying capacity; and to this end it is designed to utilize
the usual waste space between the wheels under the bottoms of such vehicles by
the application of flat or laterally expanded engines of proper character and suitable
framing.
Usually it is preferred to build a horizontal frame or engine to and under
which the engine and its connections are for the most part arranged, and upon
which a car or other carrying receptacle may be readily mounted without losing any
portion of its capacity for the accommodation of passengers or freight, and without
interfering with the full operation of the driving mechanism.
In order to fully explain this Invention I will now describe its application to the
propulsion of a car of any ordinary pattern for street or other light travel, the car
being in this case designed to be mounted upon the independent horizontal frame of
the engine.
In the accompanying Drawings the letter A designates an engine frame, usually of
iron, of the same width as the bottom of the car body, and long enough to provide
for a front platform and cab on said frame or truck for the accommodation of the
engineer, and the arrangement of the parts of the mechanism requiring his direct
attention. The truck frame may extend entirely or only partly the length of the
It is horizontally level and consists of transverse and longitudinal beams or
car.

page_text: bars suitably connected and braced, as shown in the Drawings, or otherwise, to
bear the strain.
The frame may be cast or constructed in one or more pieces as may be found
desirable. This engine frame or truck has attached to it car wheels of proper
character, and pedestals B with suitable springs, and carries suspended to it the body
of the boiler and furnace or heater, the engine cylinders, condenser, and water tank
and the tubing, being in short the main portion of the machine; and the entire
mechanism independent of the simple car body, is primarily and permanently
attached to this [frame, the whole constituting a sub-motor or bearing engine of
horizontally extended character. C represents a car body, which is designed to rest
upon and is supported by the engine frame A, suitable springs of rubber or steel
being interposed to relieve the passengers from the jarring and jolting incident
to rough street railway tracks and their numerous crossings and short curves.
In the construction illustrated in the Drawings, the main horizontal barrel of the
boiler D is arranged longitudinally within the frame and over the axles between
the wheels. In order to economise vertical space, this horizontal barrel or boiler is
preferably made elliptical in transverse section, the shortest diameter being vertical.
At the front end of the main barrel is arranged the vertical portion D¹, the upper
part of which forms the steam dome F, while the lower portion contains the
furnace E. This vertical cylinder or chamber D₁ is designed to extend from a. few
inches above the ground to a proper height above the level of the frame to permit the
engineer to have a suitably protected seat upon its top. From the furnace to
the other end of the horizontal barrel extend a suitable number of tubular flues G,
through which the products of combustion are discharged into a horizontal fire. or
smoke box G attached to and at right angles with the main barrel of the boiler
and the flues. From this transverse flame or smoke box back to the front
platform, and in the same plane with the main barrel D, are arranged two lateral
auxiliary boilers or barrels E¹, usually cylindrical in form...These are also supplied
with tubular flues which communicate with the smoke box G', and into which it
discharges its contents of hot air and gases to be conducted to the dual smoke
stacks or outlet pipes on the front platform and thence to the top of the car.
The auxiliary barrels of the boiler are connected by short water pipes near
their rear ends with the main barrel as indicated at a, and at their front ends on
top with the steam dome by small equalizing steam pipes b¹. These lateral barrels
serve a twofold office; first, to gain an additional length of tubing, and corresponding
increase of heating surface and more perfect absorption of heat by the water; and
in the second place, and of more importance in small boilers, to avoid a check to
the evolution of steam in consequence of a sudden injection of supply water at a
low temperature. To this end the injector or pump, which may be arranged
between the engine cylinders, and operated by cams or eccentric bearings on one of
the axles, is connected by a pipe with the heater or auxiliary barrel at the end on
the front platform. Cold water pumped into these heaters cannot chill the main
barrel or steam generator, for it cannot reach the latter until it has flowed through
the entire length of the lateral heaters E', growing hotter in its progress among the
tubes in these cylinders until by the time it reaches the main boiler; its temperature
will approximate that of the water in the latter.
The direction of the current of water in the heaters and boiler is directly opposite
to that of the hot air and gases from the furnace, which will have a beneficial effect
on the material of the boiler and tubes by preventing sudden contraction and ex-
pansion. The smoke or fire-box.G' is designed to be protected against radiation by
a non-conducting jacket, and is designed to be so constructed that it can be readily
opened for cleaning or repairing the tubes when necessary.
In connection with this form of boiler the water tank H is arranged under the
front platform, and the coal bunkers upon the sand, as indicated at K¹, handy to
the engineer and protected by his cab. In fact, the engineer need not leave his
seat for any purpose connected with the running of the engine, except to oil the
bearings under the truck, which being all boxed in from dust and rain by a ca-ing,

page_text: will hardly need attention more than once a day on street railways, and perhaps
twice on steam roads of higher speed to which this form of engine is peculiarly
adapted in hauling a single car, the separate locomotive being dispensed with. A¹
designates the bent or crank axle of the driving wheels B¹.
The machinery of the engine is chiefly arranged below the frame of the truck;
and in the construction illustrated in a layer below and parallel with the boiler
barrels. K designates a large steam trunnion or pivotal bearing, firmly secured by
suitable braces or framing in a transverse horizontal position under the boiler
"parallel to the crank axle. This trunnion is constructed with independent parallel
steamways or channels a¹, a¹¹, running lengthwise, one of these passages being for
the supply steam, and the other for the exhaust; or their use may be reversed, as
herein-after described. L, L, indicate piston cylinders without the ordinary valves,
which are designed to oscillate on the trunnion K, suitable bearings b being provided
thereon for the transversely cylindrical heads L' of said cylinders, the latter being
extended in the direction of the length of the car and toward the main crank axle.
In the bearings b, slots or steam ports c are formed extending inward to the steam-
ways or chambers of the trunnion. A pair of such steam ports is thus provided for
each cylinder L, the head L' of which clasping the trunnion closely is provided with
steam ports 6, 62, of corresponding size, through which, when coincident with the
trunnion ports, steain is designed to pass freely from the trunnion to the cylinder,
or in the opposite direction.
In the construction illustrated, steam is designed to be applied on both sides of
the piston head to obtain a double-acting piston, and the ports in the oscillating
cylinder head are doubled as indicated in the Drawings at b₁, b. Two of these
ports admit steam, and the other two allow the exhaust steam to escape. Two are
in operation when the piston is being driven out, and the other two when it is
being forced back. The ports b¹ connect with steam channels c¹, cored out in the
walls of the cylinders to convey the steam to or from the remote ends of the same,
suitable communication with the interior of said cylinders being established by
One of these channels adinits
means of segmental ports at the heads of the same.
live steam, and the other allows the dead steam to escape to the exhaust channel or
chamber in the trunnion. When this engine is constructed on the plan illustrated,
two cylinders will suffice if geared at right angles on the crank shaft; of course
they must be supplied with the ordinary stuffing boxes for the piston rods, which in
this case are of the usual form employed in steam engines.
If it is desirable, as it may be, in order to overcome heavy grades, to employ four
driving wheels instead of two, the object is attained by connecting the main driving
axle to the axle of a second pair of wheels by connecting rods and cranks or other
convenient gearing. In this case the truck frame is made of iron, and may not
exceed one-half the length of the car body, though it is of the same width and
height as in the case of a single pair of drivers, and is provided with pedestal boxes
"and springs of the usual construction.
Between the bearings b of the trunnion, spaces are left for the reception of steam
ducts d, Figure 6, which are firmly clamped around the trunnion by means of
screws, or otherwise secured thereto. Through one of these ducts, the steam after
passing the throttle valve, is admitted to one of the steamways or channels of the
trunnion, and through the other duct the exhaust steam is carried off; each duct
has two passages corresponding to the two trunnion chambers, so that either may
-be used at will for induction on the one hand, or for exhaust on the other. In this
manner it is designed to provide means for reversing the engine by simply changing
the channel of induction, and making a corresponding change in the exhaust way,
which is effected by the throttle valves, or rather steam plug S. These are arranged
and inserted at opposite ends of a small oblong steam chest T fixed usually on the
front platform of the frame, one chamber of which serves for induction, and the
other for exhausting. Each chamber is cylindrical, or preferably slightly tapering
towards its outer end, so that its valve V will be kept steam-tight in its seat by
the steam pressure. In the bottom of the chest toward the middle of the same, and

page_text: at the interior ends of the valve seats, are respectively located the steam and
exhaust ways and h to which the steam and exhaust pipes are connected.
Lateral ducts are provided on both sides of each valve seat, and to each set of
opposite ducts are connected pipes leading to the trunnion chambers.
The valves V are provided with elbow-shaped passages e, and are designed when
operated by suitable levers to establish or cut off communication between the
trunnion chambers and the ways g and h. A peculiar and important office of the
exhaust chamber and cock and is to regulate the speed of the car. By "choking" the
exhaust the engine will be caused to work more slowly, and its action may be so
retarded by this simple means as to hold back the car in going down grade without
the aid of brakes on the wheels. By cutting off the exhaust entirely, the engine is
caused to stop instantly, and the driving wheels are brought to a dead lock; and to
start the car again it is only necessary to open the exhaust cock, when the cylinders
being freed from the resistance of the imprisoned steam on which they had'
cushioned, renew their motion, so that practically the engineer will conduct all the
operations of starting, braking, slowing, or stopping the engine by the manipulation
of the exhaust cock alone, the throttle being in the meantime left open. Z indicates
a small cast-iron chest which forms a closed casing for the safety valve v; this chest
or box is designed to be secured to the top of the valve chest T, and is provided
with apertures communicating with its steam and exhaust chambers. The chest Z
is divided by a partition between its own steam and exhaust chambers, as indicated
at, and in this partition the valve is seated, being pressed home by a spring
regulated to exert a certain degree of pressure. Being inclosed securely in the case
and hidden, the valve is perfectly guarded from all ignorant or malicious tampering.
It cannot be interfered with or rendered incapable of performing its important
functions without the aid of shop tools to take the chest apart. This safeguard is
regarded as of primary importance considering the great number of men, some of
whom might be incompetent, that would be required to operate a system of steam
street cars, and the disastrous consequences which would attend an explosion in a
crowded street. With this valve and a sound boiler such a disaster is impossible.
.. Under the front of the frame it is designed to suspend a water tank H.. for
the double purpose of supplying the boiler when necessary, and to condense the
exhaust steam which is conducted to it from the exhaust cock in a silent
manner.
.
When the form of truck illustrated in the Drawings, extending partly the length
of the car, is employed, the car body is designed to be attached to it by means of a
pivotal connection p.located over the vertical part of the main boiler, the weight of
the car body being allowed to rest on the truck nearly midway between its wheels,
thereby utilizing the load to increase the traction on the rails. In this construction
the ordinary elliptic springs are placed under the seats of the passengers, and
secured to the car sills by suitable stirrups. From one of these springs to the
other a strong bar of iron extends across under the floor of the car, and is provided
with friction rollers. These in turn rest upon a traverse plate t.which is secured
to the top of the horizontal part of the boiler and heaters. The rear wheels of the
car may be arranged and connected in the usual way, the front end of the car being
carried by the steam truck. The four drivers have a comparatively short wheel
base to turn curves readily, and in doing so the truct is deflected; but the car body
readily adjusts itself to this oscillation on the pintle hook as a centre being borne
up by the friction rollers attached to the spring bar. On a curve of twently-five
feet radius, the deflection will not exceed six inches at the bearing point on the
truck. As this forin of truck and boiler necessitates the closing of the front door of
a street car, a seat is thrown across the end of the passage in front, and in this
(manner.increases the ordinary horse car accommodation.
Sometimes the boiler may be arranged transversely, having within or below it a
heating or furnace chamber, the length of boiler and chamber when transverse
being about equal to the width of the frame A, and the same being designed to be
suspended under and across said frame, preferably midway between the front and

page_text: rear sets of wheels, thereby equalizing the load as far as possible on the wheel
base. In this transverse construction therefore, the body of the boiler extends
across the frame, and the-fire box attached to or contained in said boiler is provided
with a door at each end and accessible at the side of the car.
Sometimes, instead of using a fire-box and combustible material, a cylindrical
heating chamber may be formed under the boiler, taking the place of the ordinary
fire-box; and in this may be suspended by suitable journals a revolving cradle,
consisting of a plate of iron having a semi-cylindrical sheet-iron shell attached on
one side, forming a chamber which is designed to be filled with asbestos or some
other incombustible non-conductor. In this construction it is designed to generate
heat and keep up steam in the boiler by means of iron billets or iggots of sufficient
size of number to nearly fill the open space in the cradle on the opposite side of the
diametrical plate wherein they are placed after being heated in stationary furnaces.
Heated to about 2500° Fahrenheit these billets are designed to radiate heat
sufficient to evaporate about one gallon of water to every thirty pounds of iron
used under a pressure of one huudred pounds to the inch, provided the insulation
is so perfect as to prevent any sensible escape of heat to the atmosphere except
through the medium of the boiler. The bottom of the boiler being made cylindri-
cally concave underneath, and the cradle being provided with a suitable ratchet and
gearing to bring it under the control of the engineer, he can at will turn off the
hot ingot from or apply it to the bottom of the boiler. It will add to the economy
of this method of heating to provide at the furnaces where the billets are heated,
stationary boilers to provide the car tanks with hot water instead of cold.
Sometimes I may use steam only on one side of the piston P, driving it out the
full length of its stroke; and in this case a piston bar or frame of oblong form in
cross section is substituted in place of the ordinary rod, and so arranged that its
greatest breadth is in the vertical direction. In order to secure rigidity in piston
rods of this character, which are designed to support a great part of the weight
of the cylinders, they may be constructed of parallel rods or bars, one above the
other, having vertical webs between. The outer ends of the piston rods or bars
are provided with boxes which clasp the bearings of the cranks of the crank axle.
In the operation of an engine thus constructed, as the piston of a cylinder is
pushed out the crank connected with its rod or frame is pushed over until the dead
point is reached at the end of the stroke. Then the injection port is closed, and
the crank being carried on by the momentum and the action of the other
cylinders, the exhaust port is opened and the steam escapes as the piston is pushed
home until the crank passes the opposite dead point, when the exhaust port is
closed and the injection port opened. The opening and closing of these ports is
effected by the vibration of the cylinders L, which produces an oscillating motion
of the cylinder heads on the trunnion bearings.
Sometimes it may be advisable to counterbalance the cylinders on the trunnion.
In the above description I have illustrated this Invention in its application to an
ordinary street car or to a light railway car. Slight modifications will readily
occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the Inven-
tion: The sub-motor or under engine can readily be applied to the propulsion of
heavy cars on large or steam railways and to vehicles on smooth roads. Therefore
I do not confine myself to the precise construction herein set forth.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. An engine-truck frame carrying the engine and boiler, having at one end
the engineer's cab and having the rest of its surface level and free for the reception
of an independent car body, and having a horizontal boiler with furnace or heater
suspended under or within the truck frame, substantially as specified.
Second. In a truck frame, a horizontal boiler having at each side a horizontal
parallel cylinder heater, at one end a transverse smoke box connecting said boiler
and heaters, and at the other end the steam dome and furnace, substantially as
specified.
Third. The combination with the flattened elliptical boiler to economize space

page_text: under the car of the parallel lateral cylinder heaters connected thereto, substan-
tially as specified.
Fourth. In a truck frame the combination with a horizontal tubed boiler of
lateral tubed heaters connected thereto, transverse smoke box, and vertical furnace
and steam chamber, substantially as specified.
Fifth. In a car motor the combination with the transverse fixed double
chambered steam cylinder bearing K of the oscillating cylinders having head bands
encircling said bearing, and receiving and discharging steam through the ports in
said head bands, substantially as specified.
Sixth. The combination in a truck frame of the horizontal boiler D, E¹, E¹, and
the oscillating engines arranged thereunder, substantially as specified.
Seventh. In a truck frame the combination of the longitudinal horizontal boiler
and arranged thereunder, the oscillating engines, the ends of which bear on a fixed
cylinder provided with double steam passages, substantially as specified.
Eighth. In a car motor consisting of a truck, a boiler arranged therein and an
engine arranged under the boiler, the combination of the piston cylinders and their
transverse bearing, the throttle, and reversing and stopping valves, and the closed
safety valve, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert William Eddison have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
R. W. EDDISON. (L.S.)