IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING FUR OR SETTLED FUR BODIES ON TO HARDENED ⚫ OR PARTIALLY FELTED BODIES OF WOOL OR MIXED WOOL AND HAIR IN THE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Vero and James Everitt both of Atherstone in
the County of Warwick Felt Hat Manufacturers for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING FUR OR SETTLED FUR BODIES ON TO HARDENED
⚫ OR PARTIALLY FELTED BODIES OF WOOL OR MIXED WOOL AND HAIR IN THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Vero and James
Everitt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August
1883.
4
CHARLES VERO and JAMES EVERITT both of Atherstone in the County of
Warwick Felt Hat Manufacturers "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING FUR OR SETTLED
FUR BODIES ON TO HARDENED OR PARTIALLY FELTED BODIES OF WOOL OR MIXED
WOOL AND HAIR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAPLESS FUR PLATED HAT BODIES"
This invention has for its object improvements in securing fur or settled fur
bodies on to hardened or partially felted bodies of wool or mixed wool and hair in
the manufacture of napless fur plated hat bodies.
For this purpose we place a previously hardened conical body of wool or mixed
wool and hair on to the cone of a fur former and blow on to the same the required
amount of für as described in the specification of a Patent granted to us N° 423 in
the present year. We then wrap wet flannels around the covering of fur and put
over them a perforated metal cover. The cones with the partially formed body
between them we next place over a steam jet and through it admit steam to the
interior of the inner cone. The steam penetrates through the perforations of this
cone and into the hat body. The operative then removes them froin the steam jet
and places them on a flat table holding the inner cone firm against the edge of the
table with his left hand and with his right hand vibrates the top cover with a to
and fro motion over the flannels. In a very short time this motion and the steam

page_text: heat combined will have sufficiently consolidated the covering of fur to allow of
the body being taken off from the forming cone and placed on to a machine known
as the tip hardener-after which instead of using the flat hardener to complete the
hardening operation we place the conical hat body on to the cone of a hardening
machine such as described in the specification of a Patent N° 2525 in the
year 1882.
In this machine the body is whilst heated by steam rubbed between two conical
surfaces and in this way the operation of hardening is effected at one operation and
is effected more evenly and expeditiously than by the means described in the
specification of our former Patent above mentioned
In place of depositing fur on to the exterior of previously hardened bodies by
blowing fur onto them as above described we in some cases take light bodies of pure
fur that have been formed, dipped into hot water and partially hardened or settled
in the usual manner and place them over the previously hardened bodies and act
upon them by conical surfaces in the manner described above.
We first place the hardened wool or mixed wool and fur form over the cone of
the conical hardening machine referred to and place over it the partially hardened
fur body taking care both are level and free from creases we then place over the
two bodies the cup or inverted cone and put the machine in motion which thoroughly
hardens the two bodies together.
The light bodies of pure fur in place of being made in the ordinary way might
be made by blowing the required amount of fur on to a forming cone and then
wrapping them round with wetted flannels and hardening over a steam jet.
Afterwards we remove the steam hardened or settled fur body and place it over
the wool or mixed body as described on the conical hardener and harden the two
bodies together subsequently. The completion of the felting operation is effected
in the ordinary manner.

page_text: on the.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Vero & James Everitt in the Patent Office
22nd February 1884.
CHARLES VERO and JAMES EVERITT both of Atherstone in the County of
Warwick Felt Hat Manufacturers " IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING FUR OR SETTLED
FUR BODIES ON TO HARDENED OR PARTIALLY FELTED BODIES OF WOOL OR MIXED
WOOL AND HAIR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAPLESS FUR PLATED HAT BODIES
"
This invention has for its object improvements in securing fur or settled fur
bodies on to hardened or partially felted bodies of wool or mixed wool and hair in
the manufacture of napless fur plated hat bodies.
For this purpose we place a previously hardened conical body of wool or mixed
wool and hair on to the cone of a fur former and blow on to the same the required
amount of fur as described in the specification of a Patent granted to us N° 423 in
the present year. We then wrap wet flannels around the covering of fur and put
over them a perforated metal cover. The cones with the partially formed body
between them we next place over a steam jet and through it admit steam to the
interior of the inner cone. The steam penetrates through the perforations of this
cone and into the hat body. The operative then removes them from the steam jet
and places them on a flat table holding the inner cone firm against the edge of the
table with his left hand and with his right hand vibrates the top cover with a to
and fro motion over the flannels. In a very short time this motion and the steam
heat combined will have sufficiently consolidated the covering of fur to allow of the
body being taken off from the forming cone and placed on to a machine known as
the tip hardener-after which instead of using the flat hardener to complete the
hardening operation we place the conical hat body on to the cone of a hardening
machine such as described in the specification of a Patent N° 2525 in the
year 1882.
In this machine the body is whilst heated by steam rubbed between two conical
surfaces and in this way the operation of hardening is effected at one operation and
is effected more evenly and expeditiously than by the means described in the
Specification of our former Patent above mentioned.
In place of depositing fur on to the exterior of previously hardened bodies by
blowing fur on to them as above described we in some cases take light bodies of
pure fur that have been formed dipped into hot water and partially hardened or
settled in the usual manner and place them over the previously hardened bodies
and act upon them by conical surfaces in the manner described above.
We first place the hardened wool or mixed wool and fur body over the cone of
the conical hardening machine referred to and place over it the partially hardened
fur body taking care that both are level and free from Creases we then place over
the two bodies the closely fitting cover or inverted cone and put the machine into
motion so as to give the Cover or inverted Cone an oscillating revolving motion
which thoroughly hardens the two bodies together. The light bodies of pure fur
in place of being made in the ordinary way might be made by blowing the required
amount of fur on to a forming cone and then wrapping them round with wetted
flannels and hardening over a steam jet. Afterwards the steam hardened or settled
fur body so formed may be removed and placed over a wool or mixed body
previously mounted upon the conical hardener as described and subsequently the
two bodies may be hardened together. The completion of the felting operation is
effected in the ordinary manner.
Having thus described the nature of our said invention and the manner of
performing the same we would have it understood that we claim :-
First Consolidating a covering, or light body of fur with a hardened and
unfelted body of wool or wool and hair which is mounted upon a perforated metal

page_text: cone by wrapping wet flannels around the light body or covering and then placing
over them another perforated metal cone, next admitting steam to the interior of
the inner cone and afterwards working the outer cover, to and fro substantially as
described.
Second Consolidating a covering of fur that has been blown on to a perforated
metal cone by wrapping wet blankets around the covering and placing over them
another perforated metal cone next admitting steam to the interior of the inner
cone and afterwards working the outer cover to and fro substantially as described.
Third Consolidating or combining a fur cover with a hardened and unfelted
body of wool or wool and hair by placing a previously hardened and unfelted body
- that has had a covering of fur partially secured to it onto a steam heated perforated
and canvas covered cone and then placing over it a conical closely fitting metal
cover to which an oscillating revolving motion is then given to harden the bodies
together substantially as described.
Fourth-Consolidating or combining a fur cover with a hardened and unfelted
body of wool or wool and hair by first mounting a previously hardened body of
wool or mixed wool and hair on to a steam lieated perforated and canvas covered
cone and, afterwards stretching over this a partially hardened fur body and over
this placing a conical closely fitting metal cover to which an oscillatory revolving
motion is then given to consolidate the two bodies together.
In witness whereof we the said Charles Vero and James Everitt have hereunto
set our hands and seals this twenty first day of February in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.