Improvements in the Manufacture of Radiators or Heating.or Condensing Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 20th Sept.; 1890
VOM DIE DI CITIWALION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Radiators or Heating.or
Condensing Apparatus.
A communication from COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE DE CHAUFFAGE ET VENTILATION,
SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME, représentée par son Administrateur gerant, Monsieur Mignot-
Delstanche, of Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, M.I.M.E.,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
:-
The invention forming the subject of the present application relates to improvements
in the manufacture of apparatus for condensing and heating by steam and water.
It consists essentially in the mode of manufacture and form of the said apparatus
and also in the details hereinafter set forth.
The designs set out in the accompanying drawings are merely given as examples,
the dimensions, number or sizes of the tubes and parts as well as the external
appearance being subject to modification according to requirement.
In the accompanying drawings
Figs. 1 and 2 are elevations of two different forms of apparatus constructed according
to this invention.
Fig. 3 is a view of Fig. 1 partly in plan and partly in horizontal section.
Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section of Fig. 1 with the core bar C omitted.
Fig. 5 is a view of Fig. 2 partly in plan and partly in horizontal section and
Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section of Fig. 2 also with the core bars C" omitted.
These core bars C" and the cores of sand are removed, and the interior of the
radiators cleaned, through openings of sufficient size provided on the top of the
apparatus as shown in G Fig. 4 or underneath as shown at G Fig. 2 and on the sides
as shown at A and E Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 2 shows a modified form of radiator upon the same principle and mode of
manufacture as Fig. 1 and in all figures the same letters represent like parts.
A is a tube by which the heating agent enters and which it directs towards
the cross passage B when hot water is used. When the heating agent is steam
the inner partition shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 upon the base B may be
dispensed with.
B is the hollow framing or upper cross passage by which the heating agent
may be directed downwardly the heating agent thus establishing a permanent
communication with the tubes thereby ensuring uniform expansion in all parts
of the radiator which is as is well-known an important desideratum in cast apparatus.
CCC are vertical tubes which by their large radiating surface and the thickness of
their walls facilitate the radiations of heat.
CC are the webs or flanges which give to the tubes (CC the strength necessary
in making the whole in a single casting.
CC are the core bars (perforated iron tubes) which contain cores of sand
assuring their rigidity and fixedness and facilitating the escape of air and gas during
the casting when they are removed at the same time as the cores.
D is the base or lower hollow framing in which the condensation water collects.
E is the outlet for the escape of water.
F is the orifice for the escape of air.
G are plugs.
Steam is supplied to the radiators by pipes of very small diameter which as far as
possible keep it under its initial pressure. But as soon as it enters the radiators it
instantly expands in a comparatively large space, and consequently condenses, thus

page_text: becoming free of its latent heat; which the heating apparatus at once radiates out in
all directions. This condensation of steam acts with the greater effect and the more
rapidity; the larger the space which it encounters within the radiators, and the effect
and speed of its action also depends on the external shape of the apparatus that is on
its power of radiating more or less easily the heat supplied to it. These two essential
conditions are here realised.
Thus it will be seen that 'the apparatus may be útilized either for heating by the
condensation of steam or for condensation proper that is when no heating effect at all
is required.
The form of apparatus represented in the drawings is designed so as to facilitate its
manufacture and render it more certain advantageous and economical. It renders the
apparatus more strong and springy, gives it a maximum of heating surface with a
minimum of bulk and with the least weight and secures the greatest and most regular
condensation of steam.
The webs C¹ with which the tubes Care provided are for the special purpose of
imparting to the tubes the power of resistance necessary in the casting in a single
piece of the entire apparatus without joints, facings or connections.
This result is obtained by the special form of the vertical tubes C strengthened as
has been above described and to which is given an interior diameter. sufficient to
permit of the employment of a tubular core-bar C¹¹ of hard metal which serves as
.18
a vent.
This core-bar both ends of 'which are open and which is perforated with a large
number of small holes assures the necessary stability and rigidity to 'the core at the
same time it facilitates the escape of air and gas during the casting.
12.
It is also possible to sensibly reduce the thickness of the tubes (of which the webs
assure and increase the solidity) and to diminish with the same bulk the weight of the
apparatus.
The removal of the sand cores together with their bars and the complete
cleaning out of the interior of the radiators Figs. 1 and 2 may be accomplished
'through suitable openings provided at the upper part of the apparatus as at G Fig. 4
or in the lower part as at G Fig. 2 or in the ends as shown at A and E (Figs. 1 and 2).
The core bars C¹¹ of the tubes CCC consist of iron tubes perforated throughout their
length and one end of each of which (either the lower or the upper end) is left open.
During the casting the gases enter the tubes or core bars C through their perforations
and escape through the open end.
The tubes or core bars Care removed after the casting, along with the sand cores
which under their action remain firm and rigid:
These openings are normally closed by plugs G which can be removed in case of
need. It is also possible at all times to inspect. the hollow interior of the radiator to
ensure its proper and regular working.
The tube A by which the steam or hot water enters may be independent of the
other tubes. By this means the heating agent would be utilized altogether in the
upper part of the radiator whence it passes to the lower part traversing from top to
bottom' the 'other tubes indiscriminately.
The entrance and exit of the heating agent may if préferred be either on the same
side or on opposite sides of the apparatus. In Fig. 1 the entrance is shown at the
bottom; it may however just as well be at the top as in Fig. 2. The exit E should in
all cases be at the bottom.
'This mode of construction renders the apparatus amongst other things more strong
and springy, gives a greater heating surface in less bulk and less weight, assures a
greater condensation of steam and radiation while permitting the apparatus to be
worked at a much higher pressure.
way
'
During the casting of the apparatus the gases "enter the tubular core bars C¹¹ by
of the perforations therein and escape through the open ends of the said bars.
These core bars are not withdrawn but subsequently form part of the complete
apparatus which is thereby greatly strengthened. The open ends of the tubular core
bars are closed in by plugs Gas before described.
jiwil

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to be by my foreign correspondents, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Condensing or heating apparatus, by steam or water, constructed substantially in
the manner, in the form and with the object herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
2. The improvements substantially as specified in the manufacture of radiators and
particularly the process and means employed to secure the casting in a single piece of
the entire apparatus without joints, faces or connections, which constitutes an important
improvement upon apparatus hitherto known.
Dated this 27th day of September 1889
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.