Improvements in Furnaces.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 16th July, 1891-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces.
We. GEORGE WILTON, Chemist, and THOMAS WILTON, Manager, both of the
Gas Light and Coke Company, Tar and Liquor Works, Beckton in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in furnaces for general purposes
and applicable also to steam boilers.
The object of our invention is the economic and efficient combustion of "breeze,"
small and bad or dirty coal, coke, oil and other fuel. We support the fuel on a
surface to which we apply an air, steam or other forced-draft pipe or conduit.
provided with apertures and connected to any suitable blowing device. If a metal
pipe is used we dispose the apertures in suitable position in its sides, and water may
be introduced with the blast to prevent burning of the pipe; or we may arrange a
fire brick conduit or specially made fire clay blocks with side apertures, connected
to a blowing device. The blast pipe extends to the back of the furnace or bridge
and is closed at its inner end.
The fuel is placed on it so as to form a " thick fire."
When oil is used it may be introduced with the blast in the same way as water,
but instead of combustible fuel we may use broken brick, asbestos, or other incom-
bustible substance in the furnace, which will become incandescent.
Where our invention is applied to internally-fired boilers the usual fire door may
be retained, but the usual ash-hole is bricked or otherwise closed up around the
blast pipe below the door, and we may dispense with the dead plate.
We may line the furnace wholly or in part with refractory materials to protect
the plates, and assist combustion. Clinkering is easy, the clinkers breaking away
in large pieces, and stoking is performed in the usual manner.
Dated this 17th day of April 1891.
J. C. CHAPMAN,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces.
We, GEORGE WILTON, Chemist, and THOMAS WILTON, Manager, both of the
Gas Light & Coke Company, Tar and Liquor Works, Beckton in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
This invention relates to certain improvements in furnaces for general purposes
and applicable also to steam boilers.
The object of our invention is the economic and efficient combustion of "breeze,"
small and bad or dirty coal, coke, oil, and other fuel.
According to our invention we support the fuel on a solid and imperforate surface
or hearth to which we apply an air steam or other forced blast pipe or conduit
provided with apertures and connected to an air or steam jet or any other suitable
blowing device; and we dispose the said apertures in suitable position in its sides.
The disposition of these said apertures is important; they may be formed either
parallel sided or coned, and they are directed laterally, and parallel or approxi-
mately parallel with the said solid fuel-supporting surface whether it be flat,
V shaped, concave, or otherwise, and just above the same in order to ensure the
Pic 877

page_text: blast through them acting at or about the lowest parts of the fuel or other
substance placed upon the said surface, and to prevent the tendency to formation
of blow holes in the fuel by which undue heat might be imparted to the furnace
crown.
We have found from experiment that it is desirable to make provision for pre-
venting the free escape into boiler flues of the dust and grit inseparable from the
use of inferior fuels (such as it is our object and intention to consune) and this we
may when required effect by means hereinafter set forth.
We will now describe our invention as adapted to an internally fired boiler as
illustrated in the annexed drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a half front end elevation and half section on line W X Figure 2 of
the boiler:
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation on line Y. Z. of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a section of special conduit.
Figures 4 and 5 are part longitudinal sections, and
Figures 6 and 7 respectively cross sections on lines X Y thereof showing two
methods of preventing the passage of flue dust.
"In the sections the fire doors are not shown, and similar letters indicate similar
parts in all the figures.
According to our invention we dispense with the usual fire bars and dead plate:
the fire door is retained but the ash pit is closed up around the blast pipe below
the door.
A is the flue closed at its outer end, and a is the bridge; 13 the forced blast pipe
extending nearly to the back of the furnace or bridge a and closed at its end b:
are the apertures arranged laterally on either side and disposed as fully above
set forth. The pipe B is embedded as shown in brick-work almost up to the
apertures so that they act just above it: B¹ is a short pipe fixed to pipe B into
which is introduced an ordinary steam-jet pipe D supported centrally by a bridge-
piece such as d. To protect the plates and assist combustion the furnace is or may
be lined with firebrick or refractory materials a' a' wholly, or rings only may be
turned in its crown as illustrated in Figure 2.
When oil is used the blast pipe B may be shortened or entirely dispensed with
and the jet pipe D arranged to just look into the furnace front at its lowest part;
the oil is introduced with the blast by a pipe led thereto in the known manner, or
the oil pipe may be disposed so as to deliver into the blast pipe at any desired point
or points of its length, and in this case instead of combustible fuel we may use
incombustible substances such as broken fire-bricks or fire-clay lumps, asbestos,
gas-carbon, or other equivalent refractory materials in the furnace which will
become and remain incandescent.
In the case of furnaces for externally fired boilers or other purposes, we may
arrange in the solid fuel-bearing surface a, firebrick conduit instead of the metal
blast pipe B, or specially made fire-clay blocks of shape to suit individual require-
ments, for example such as are illustrated at Figure 3, having lateral apertures
arranged and disposed as described and connected to a steam-jet or other blowing
device as will be readily understood without further illustration.
Where dirty fuel is used, to prevent the passage of dust into the flues as above
indicated, we may adopt either of the methods illustrated in Figures 4 and 6 or 5
and 7. In Figures 4 and 6 we carry up the bridge solid and turn an arch Cover
the fuel from the bridge nearly to the furnace mouth, leaving a space S between the
extrados of the arch and the top of the flue. In Figures 5 and 7 in lieu of an arch
we substitute two or more pipes CC passing through and supported by a wall a
which is built solid to block the fluc. In both cases the flames and products of
combustion have to return to the front of the furnace before passing over the arch
or through the pipes to the flue, as indicated by the arrows.
At starting, the blast is turned on and the fuel gradually fed around and upon
the blast pipe until the level of the usual bridge (as indicated in Figures 6 and 7 by
the waved lines) is about reached thus forming a thick fire which rapidly becomes

page_text: Incandescent; clinkering is easy the clinkers breaking away in large pieces, and
stoking is performed in the usual manner.
Two or more blast pipes such as above described may be applied to
as required.
any furnace
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a furnace a solid and imperforate fuel-supporting surface or hearth to which
is applied an air steam or other forced blast pipe or conduit connected to a suitable
blowing device and provided with lateral apertures formed as described and
disposed just above said solid surface, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
2. In a furnace the combination with a solid and imperforate fuel-supporting
surface or hearth of the air steam or other forced blast pipe or conduit B with
apertures disposed parallel or approximately parallel with and just above said
solid surface, and with or without an oil jet, and arranged as and for the purpose
set forth.
3. The arrangement and combination of parts forming the hercinbefore described
improvements in furnaces substantially as described and shown in the annexed
drawings.
Date L
ليمر
1
J. C. CHAPMAN,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for Applicants.