Improved Cooking Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th "ec., 1893
Complete Specification Lelt, 4th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
Improved Cooking Apparatus.
1, JOHANNES RÜHLING of 3 Johanniterstrasse, Berlin, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved construction of cooking apparatus, more
particularly for baking or roasting, which is distinguished from all known
constructions of a similar kind in that the combustion gases which are led through
the spaces between the outer casing and the sides of the cooking or baking chamber
or pan, are not retained in the same in a more or less stagnant condition, whereby
their heat is only very partially utilised, but are led from such spaces through
openings in the upper part of the baking chamber into the interior of this chamber.
This is effected by providing above an open baking chamber or pan, a cap or cover
at such a height as to leave a space all round between the upper edge of the pan
and the edge of the cap, through which space the combustion gases are drawn by
the draught of a flue passing up from the centre of the cap through the outer
casing to the open air or to a chimney. Or instead of causing the combustion gases
to pass up along the sides of the baking chamber or pan before entering the same,
they may be made to enter the lower part of the chamber through side openings, in
order to escape through a flue either in the before described cap or in the top of
the outer casing. Thus by bringing the hot combustion gases directly in contact
with the food to be cooked or baked at the upper part thereof a very effectual
baking or roasting action is obtained, this action being rendered the more beneficial
because the hot gases pass over the food in a continuous current which can be kept
up for any length of time, in contradistinction to the stagnant heat to which food
is subjected in ordinary baking operations.
By the above described action the pores on the surface of meat at once become
closed by the coagulation of the albumen, and thus effectually enclose the whole
of the nutritive juices.
In constructing cooking or baking ovens according to this invention variously
modified arrangements may be employed; thus, when the beating is effected by a
gas or oil burner, this is contained in a stand on which is placed the outer casing of
the apparatus, into an opening in the bottom of which the burner projects. Above
the burner is placed the cooking or baking chamber or pan which may be suspended
in the casing from lateral supports. Between the bottom of the pan and the
burner may be interposed a vertically adjustable shield, by adjusting which the
heating of the bottom of the pan can be regulated, the shield being made to deflect
the hot combustion gases all round, causing them to rise up between the casing and
the sides of the pan, and to enter the latter over the upper edge thereof. The
before mentioned cap is adjustably held at any desired distance from the pan by
causing the central flue thereof to slide in a corresponding flue in the cover of the
casing, and it is held in such adjusted position by a suitable catch or setting screw.
When the food has been sufficiently subjected to the direct action of the combustion
gases, the cap may be lowered right down to the edge of the pan so as to close it;
in which case the combustion gases escape through side openings formed: in the
upper part of the cap flue.
Instead of the cooking or baking chamber being in the form of a removable pan,
it may be permanently fixed within the outer casing.
Dated this 27th day of December 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, JOHANNES RÜHLING, of 3 Johanniterstrasse Berlin, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to an improved construction of cooking apparatus, more
particularly for baking or roasting, which is distinguished from all known con-
structions of a similar kind in that the combustion gases which are led through the
spaces between the outer casing and the sides of the cooking or baking chamber or
pan, are not retained in the same in a more or less stagnant condition, whereby
their heat is only very partially utilised, but are led from such spaces through
openings in the upper part of the baking chamber into the interior of this chamber.
This is effected by providing above an open baking chamber or pan, a cap or cover
at such a height as to leave a space all round between the upper edge of the pan
and the edge of the cap, through which space the combustion gases are drawn by
the draught of a flue passing up from the centre of the cap through the outer casing
to the open air or to a chimney. Or instead of causing the combustion gases to
pass up along the sides of the baking chamber or pan before entering the same,
they may be made to enter the lower part of the chamber through side openings,
in order to escape through a flue either in the before described cap or in the top of
the outer casing. Thus by bringing the hot combustion gases directly in contact
with the food to be cooked or baked at the upper part thereof a very effectual
baking or roasting action is obtained, this action being rendered the more beneficial
because the hot gases pass over the food in a continuous current which can be kept
up for any length of time, in contradistinction to the stagnant heat to which food is
subjected in ordinary baking operations.
By the above described action the pores on the surface of meat at once become
closed by the coagulation of the albumen, and thus effectually enclose the whole of
the nutritive juices.
In constructing cooking or baking ovens according to this invention variously
modified arrangements may be employed; thus when the heating is effected by a
gas or oil burner, this is contained in a stand on which is placed the outer casing of
the apparatus, into an opening in the bottom of which the burner projects, as shewn
by way of example in vertical section on the accompanying drawing.
The apparatus consists of a baking pan E and a casing T, in which the pan E is
suitably hung upon supports. The heating is effected by means of a gas burner g.
The combustion gases issue through the opening in the bottom of the casing T
in the direction of the arrows, between the casing T and the outer surface of the
baking pan E and over the edge of the latter into the interior thereof.
Comparatively close to the pan, E is arranged a cover D which carries centrally
a flue pipe R through which the hot gases escape from within the pan either into
the atmosphere or into a chimney. The cap D can be so arranged as to be capable
of being adjusted nearer to or farther from the baking pan E. In the arrangement
shewn, the cover of the casing T is provided for this purpose with a tubular
extension ethrough which a pin S is passed so as to hold the flue pipe and cover in
any desired position.
Below the baking pan E can be arranged an adjustable plate B for modifying the
action of the heat of the gases entering from the burner upon the pan.
This plate can be raised or lowered by means of arms t secured thereto and
projecting through slots in the casing which have serrated edges into which take
spring catches on the arms.

page_text: With the above described adjustable arrangement of the cover D and plate B,
the relative action of the heat below and above the pan can be accurately
adjusted.
When the contents of the pan E have been sufficiently subjected to the direct
action of the hot gases at top, the cover can be lowered close down on to the pan.
In this case the combustion gases escape through the openings o in the lower part
of the chimney R. This may also be provided with a throttle valve for regulating
the draught.
*
For the pan E may be substituted any other construction of vessel suitable for
various cooking operations, such as a baking pan or chamber with double sides, or
a boiling kettle with single or double sides.
Also other means of heating may be employed, such as a petroleum lamp &c.
The apparatus may either be circular, oval, rectangular, or of other desired
form in plan.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
―
1. A cooking apparatus in which the combustion gases from a flame are made to
pass first between the inner sides of a closed casing and the outer sides of a cooking,
baking, or boiling vessel contained in the casing, and then into the interior of such
vessel, whence they escape through a flue pipe in a cover arrauged above the
vessel, substantially as described.
2. A cooking apparatus combined and operating as berein described with
reference to the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 4th day of September 1894.
ABEL & IMRA 1,
Agents for the Applicant.