IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF STEAM, HYDROGEN, AND OXYD OF CARBON IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A GAS PROPER FOR SUPPLYING GAS-MOVERS, SINGEING FABRICS, HEATING APARTMENTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR A DULICATIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Félix Gabriel Célestin Dehaynin, of Boulevard Saint
Denis, 1; at Paris, Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF STEAM, HYDROGEN, AND
OXYD OF CARBON IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A GAS PROPER FOR SUPPLYING
GAS-MOVERS, SINGEING FABRICS, HEATING APARTMENTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
A DULICATIONS"
Sealed the 21st May 1880, and dated the 1st December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Félix Gabriel Célestin
Dehaynin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December
1879.
FÉLIX GABRIEL CÉLESTIN DEHAYNIN, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUC-
TION OF STEAM, HYDROGEN, AND OXYD OF CARBON IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A GAS
PROPER FOR SUPPLYING GAS-MOVERS, SINGEING FABRICS, HEATING APARTMENTS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLICATIONS."
Heretofore all the systems known and employed for the manufacture of hydrated
carbonic oxide by the decomposition of steam require manifold apparatus distinct
from each other, consisting of a steam generator and a gas generator in connection
with one another by pipes, and a delicate and expensive organism of distribution;
they present therefore the following evils:-Considerable expense of first setting up,
division of labour, greater superintendence, increase of labour, and consequently
increase of prime cost; they have moreover the fault of being bulky and of
requiring for their erection considerable space, which is not always obtainable in
works and factories.
Now the present system or arrangement of generator consists :-
1st. In the simultaneous and automatic production of steam and its decom-
position into carbonic oxide in one and the same apparatus.
2nd. In the employment of the syphon for the double purpose of introducing into
the apparatus the water necessary for the production of steam, and of equalizing by
the liquid itself any pressure which might arise in the manufacture of the gas.

page_text: 3rd. In the simultaneous and automatic production of steam and hydrated
carbonic oxide by means of the same apparatus and with a single fire-box.
4th. In the utilization of the heat of the gas produced for heating to a high
temperature in a hydraulic condenser the water for feeding the syphon, the use of
this condenser having the double advantage of heating the water to be vaporized,
and of cooling the gas which is an essential condition of its employment.
5th. In the rapid vaporization of the water thus superheated by means of an
interior cylindric tubulure around the retort.
6th. In the power of promoting, moderating, or arresting completely at will and
according to the requirements of the manufacture the production of steam and gas
by means of cocks or valves regulating the admission of the water.
7th. In the power of employing if necessary the gas produced to promote
combustion of the coal or coke, by introducing it into the lower and lateral part of
the fire-box by means of a branch pipe fitted to the gas holder, or to the exit pipe
of the hydraulic condenser.
The generator consists of a cast iron retort serving as a fire-box, and provided at
its lower part with a grating, and closed by fixed or moveable fire bars. This
grating is articulated so as to allow of the drawing and cleaning of the fire-box.
A cast iron air tight chamber surrounds the retort and also answers the purpose of
an ash pit, it is furnished with a door closed air tight which allows of its being
cleaned out.
A spiral gutter is cast on the outer circumference of the retort; this retort
heated highly by the fire-box vaporises the liquid which flowing down the gutter
enters the retort through a passage or tube contrived in the flange of such retort;
this passage terminates outwardly in a pipe to which is screwed the end of the tube
through which the liquid to be vaporized enters. The upper end of this tube
terminates in a funnel, and its lower part descends below the passage and thus
forms a syphon.
A sheet iron cylinder surrounds the air tight chamber and forms around it a
jacket of air sufficient to prevent it cooling.
On the flange of the retort rests the brickwork of refractory bricks forming the
laboratory which is filled with coke; this brickwork is enclosed in a casing of sheet
iron strengthened by angle iron.
The retort is surmounted by a cast iron plate carrying a charging hopper, which
is provided at top with a hinged cover, and at bottom with a cone forming an
air-tight valve which is operated by a counterweighted lever; this counterweight
urges the valve constantly against its seat, and maintains the airtightness during
the working of the apparatus. On one side of the hopper is a sight hole, the cover
of which is furnished with a sheet of mica or other transparent material proof
against heat. On the other side is the exit pipe of the gases.
This tube opens at its other end into the hydraulic condenser, and dips into the
water contained therein by means of an elbow pipe.
At the side of the hydraulic condenser about the height of its centre is fitted the
feed tube, which after being curved into the shape of a syphon terminates in a
discharge cock, which delivers the water to be vaporized into the funnel of the tube
leading to the retort.
This funnel might also be in correspondence with other cocks or channels
supplying at will different liquids, such for instance as hydro-carbons, and the
choice of which would depend on the elements of which the desired gas is to be
composed.
The water delivered to the tube leading to the retort being already highly heated
by the gases which are mixed together in the hydraulic condenser, the result of this
combination is a notable economy of fuel necessary to maintain the incandescence
of the coke inclosed within the retort.
The grate being charged with any kind of fuel necessary for being fired it is
lighted, and the coke is charged through the hopper. The charge being

page_text: incandescent and the retort heated the door (which may also be furnished with a
damper) is closed, and the cock of the hydraulic condensor is open.
The water flowing along the spiral gutter is vaporized, and the steain having no
other outlet but the grate of the fire-box rises up through the coke and is
decomposed.
The free hydrogen, the carbonic oxide, and the other gases in feeble proportion
which result therefrom ascend the outlet pipe, and are collected in the hydraulic
condenser and washed afterwards.
A pipe provided with a cock can also be placed at the side opposite the door for
the purpose of introducing gas above the grating in order to promote combustion
if needed.
Instead of the apparatus consisting of an upright oven with a double casing for
the fire box, it may consist of one or more horizontal iron cylinders which may be
fixed in a fire box and heated by it to a red heat. This or these cylinders is or aro
filled with coke from one of their ends, the inoveable end being closed and secured
by a screw plug. At the other end a syphon tube is fixed into the extremity of which
the liquid to be vaporized and decomposed is admitted by a cock, protoxide of
hydrogen for instance.
This syphon also equalizes the pressure which might be produced in the retort.
The coke and the retort being heated to a red heat the liquid is admitted, which
then vaporizes and decomposes, and the hydrogen produced is charged with
carbonic oxide and escapes through a pipe at the other end of the cylinder. This
pipe opens into a washer which frees the gases from the vapours which might have
escaped decomposition; these gases washed are then collected in a gas holder.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Félix Gabriel Célestin Dehaynin in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th May 1880.
"
FÉLIX GABRIEL CÉLESTIN DEHAYNIN, of Boulevard Saint Denis, 1, at Paris,
Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUC-
TION OF STEAM, HYDROGEN, AND OXYD OF CARBON IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A GAS
PROPER FOR SUPPLYING GAS MOVERS, SINGEING FABRICS, HEATING APARTMENTS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLICATIONS."
Heretofore all the systems known and employed for the manufacture of hydro
carbonic oxide (hydro oxyde de carbone) by the decomposition of steam require
manifold apparatus distinct from each other, consisting of a steam generator and a
gas generator connected with each other by pipes, and a delicate and expensive
distributing organism; they present therefore the following evils:-Considerable
expense of the first setting up, division of labour, increase of manual labour,
and consequently increase of prime cost; they have moreover the fault of being
bulky, and of requiring for their erection considerable space which is not always
obtainable in works and factories.
The present system or arrangement of generator is characterized by:
1st. The simultaneous and automátic production of steam and its decomposition
into carbonic oxide in one and the same apparatus.
2nd. The employment of the syphon for the double purpose of introducing into
the apparatus the water necessary for the production of steam and of equalizing by
the liquid itself any pressure which might arise in the manufacture of the gas.
3rd. The simultaneous and automatic production of steam and hydro carbonic
oxide by means of the same apparatus and with a single fire box or furnace.
4th. The utilization of the heat of the gas produced for the heating to a high
temperature in a hydraulic condenser the water for feeding the syphon; the use of
this condenser having the double advantage of heating the water which is to be
vaporized and of cooling the gas also, which is an essential condition of its employ-
ment.
5th. The rapid vaporization of the water thus superheated by means of an interior
cylindrical arrangement of a tube or coil around the retort.
6th. The power of promoting, moderating, or completely arresting at will, and
according to the requirements of the manufacture, the production of steam and gas
by cocks or valves regulating the admission of water.
7th. The power of employing the gas produced to promote combustion of the
coal or coke if necessary by introducing it into the lower and lateral part of the
fire-box or furnace by means of a branch pipe fitted to the gas holder or to the
exit pipe of the hydraulic condenser.
The working of this new apparatus and its advantages will be readily understood
on referring to the accompanying Drawings, in which,―
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus.
Fig. 2, a sectional plan taken on the line a, b, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, an elevation showing in its upper part a section on the line c, d, of
Fig. 2, and in the lower part a section on the line f, g, of the same Figure.
Fig. 4 is a section in plan taken on the line h, K, of Fig. 3.
The generator consists of a cast iron retort A serving as a fire box or furnace for
the apparatus; it is provided at its lower part with a cast or wrought iron grid or
grating F and closed by fixed or moveable fire bars. This grating is articulated on
the pivot so as to allow of the drawing and cleaning of the fire box or furnace.
A cast iron air tight chamber B surrounds the retort A, and also answers the
purpose of an ash pit, it is furnished with an air tight door G which allows of its
being cleaned out.

page_text: E is a spiral gutter which is cast on the outer circumference of the retort; this
retort heated highly by the fire-box or furnace vaporises the liquid flowing down
the gutter, and which enters the retort through a passage i contrived in the flange
of such retort, this passage i terminates outwardly in a pipe to which is screwed
the end of the tube D through which the liquid to be vaporized enters. The upper
end of this tube D terminates in a funnel, and its lower part descends below the
passage i and thus forms a syphon.
A sheet iron cylinder C surrounds the air-tight chamber B and forms an air
jacket sufficient to protect it from cooling.
On the flange of the retort A rests the brick-work of fire-bricks forming the
laboratory H, which is filled with coke; this brick work is enclosed in a casing of
sheet iron strengthened by angle irons.
The retort thus formed is surmounted by a cast iron plate p, carrying at its
centre a charging hopper I, which is closed at the top by a hinged cover, and at
bottom by a cone J forming an air-tight valve, which is operated by a counter
weighted lever K; the counter weight, as shewn in Fig. 3, urges the valve J
constantly against its seat and maintains airtightness during the working of the
apparatus. On one side of the hopper a sight hole M is cast, the cover of which
is provided with a sheet of mica, or other transparent material proof against heat.
On the other side is the exit pipe L for the gases.
This tube opens at its other end into the hydraulic condenser O, and dips into
the water contained therein by means of an elbow pipe N.
At the side of the hydraulic condenser about the height of its centro the feed
tube P is fitted, which after being curved into the shape of a syphon terminates in
a discharge cock, which delivers the water to be vaporized into the funnel of the
tube D.
This funnel might also correspond with other cocks or channels supplying at will
different liquids, such for instance as hydrocarbons, and the choice of which would
depend on the elements of which the desired gas is to be composed.
the
Fig. 1 shows that the water delivered to the tube D is already bighly heated by
gases which are mixed together in the hydraulic condenser; the result of this
combination is a considerable saving of fuel required for maintaining the incan-
descence of the coke enclosed within the retort H.
The grid or grate F being charged with any kind of fuel required for being fired,
it is then lit and the coke is charged through the hopper. The charge being
incandescent and the retort A heated, the door G (which may also be furnished
with a damper) is closed, and the cock Px is opened.
The water flows along the spiral gutter E and is vaporized, and the steam having
no other outlet but the grate of the fire-box or furnace ascends through the coke
and is decomposed.
The reactions produced by this decomposition are sufficiently known.
The free hydrogen, the carbonic oxide, and a slight proportion of other gases
which result therefrom ascend the outlet pipe L, and are collected in the hydraulic
condenser O and afterwards washed.
A pipe n provided with a stop cock m, and shewn in dotted lines Fig. 1, can also
be placed opposite to the door for the purpose of introducing gas above the grid or
grating in order to promote combustion if necessary.
Instead of the apparatus consisting of an upright stove with a double casing for
the fire-box or furnace, it may consist of one or more cast or wrought horizontal
iron cylinders which may be fitted in a fire box or furnace, and heated by it to a
red heat. These cylinders are filled with coke from one of their ends, the moveable
end being closed and secured by a screw-plug. At the other end the extremity of
a syphon tube is fixed into which the liquid to be vaporized and then decomposed
is admitted by a cock, protoxide of hydrogen for instance.
This syphon also equalizes the pressure which might be produced in the retort.
The coke and the retort being heated to a red heat the liquid is admitted which
then vaporizes and decomposes, and the hydrogen produced is charged with

page_text: carbonic oxide, and escapes through a pipe at the other end of the cylinder. This
pipe opens into a washer which frees the gases from the vapours which might have
escaped decomposition; the gases washed are then collected in a gas holder.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same may be performed, I delare that I claim,-
First. The simultaneous and automatic production of steam and its decomposition
into hydro carbonic oxide in one and the same apparatus with a single fire-box or
furnace, as specified.
Second. The employment of a syphon having the double purpose of introducing
into the apparatus the water necessary for the production of steam, and of
equalizing the inner pressure by the liquid contained in the syphon itself, as
specified.
Third. The optional introduction through the syphon of hydrocarbons or of any
other liquid, thus permitting any particular elements to enter into the composition
of the gas produced.
Fourth. The utilization of the heat produced by the gas for heating to a high
temperature the feed water of the syphon contained in a condenser, as specified.
Fifth. The special arrangement of the vaporizer formed by a spiral gutter or
canal encircling the fire box or furnace, as specified and shewn.
Sixth. The increasing of the combustion in the furnace by introducing into the
same a supply of gas from the condenser or gasometer by means of a pipe, as set
forth.
Seventh. The leading of hydrogen gas above the fire box or furnace, and its
optional injection into the interior of retorts in combination with the injection of
carbides of hydrogen or others into the retorts, as specified.
Eighth. The optional suppression of the spiral vaporiser and its replacement by
the injection and vaporization of water into the retorts.
In witness whereof, I, the said Félix Gabriel Célestin Debaynin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
of Boulevard Saint-Denis, 1,
at Paris.
F. G. C. DEHAYNIN. (L.S.)