IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR MECHANICALLY COOLING AIR TO BE APPLIED FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph James Coleman of Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR MECHANICALLY COOLING AIR TO BE APPLIED FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph James Coleman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1881.
JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR MECHANICALLY COOLING
AIR TO BE APPLIED FOR PRESERVATIVE AND OTHER PURPOSES"
This Invention relates to apparatus for mechanically cooling air and the
apparatus used in carrying out the present Invention operates to a great extent
in the same
manner as apparatus described in the Specifications of Patents
granted to Henry Bell, James Bell, and the present applicant and numbered 1034
of 1877, 3862 of 1878, and 4191 of 1879. The principal object of the present
Invention is to arrange or combine the parts of the apparatus in a simple,
convenient and advantageous manner so that motive power derived directly from
combustible gas or vapor may be employed to work the machine.
The parts of the improved apparatus are carried on and in a bed frame of an
approximately oblong rectangular contour. Within the bed frame there are fitted
a number of horizontal pipes to be used for the passage of the air from the com-
pressing cylinder to the reexpanding cylinder, such pipes being cooled either by
water circulating outside of them, or by air cooled by the machine itself. The
compressing cylinder is placed on the top of the bed frame, and a gas motor
cylinder is placed in the same line as the compressing cylinder, at one end of the
frame which it preferably overhangs, whilst the crank shaft is placed at the other
end of the frame. The piston or plunger of the gas-motor cylinder is on the same.
11

page_text: rod as the piston of the compressing cylinder; and this rod is connected to a crank
or cranks on the crank shaft by one or two connecting rods. On one end of the
crank shaft there is a fly wheel, and on the other end there is a crank or a disk
fitted with a crank pin which is placed relatively to the main cranks at an angle
of 90 degrees or other angle suitable for equalising the strains as much as con-
veniently possible. The reexpansion cylinder is arranged to act on the end or disk
crank and is fixed to the side of the bed frame in a vertical, inclined or horizontal
position.
The passages and valves and other parts of and in connection with the gas motor
cylinder may be constructed and arranged in any suitable manner in use in
existing gas motors.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph James Coleman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd June 1882.
JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR MECHANICALLY COOLING
AIR TO BE APPLIED FOR PRESERVATIVE AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to apparatus for mechanically cooling air by
reexpanding it so as to yield motive power after having been compressed and
cooled whilst in a state of compression; and the apparatus used in carrying out
my present Invention operates to a great extent in the same manner as apparatus
described in the Specifications of Patents granted to Henry Bell James Bell and
the present applicant and numbered 1034 of 1877, 3862 of 1878, and +191, of 1879.
The principal object of my present Invention is to arrange or combine the parts of
the apparatus in a simple, convenient and advantageous manner so that motive
power derived directly from combustible gas or vapor may be employed to work
the machine.
The parts of the improved apparatus are carried on and in a bed frame of an
approximately oblong rectangular contour. Within the bed frame there are fitted
a number of horizontal pipes to be used for the passage of the air from the com-
pressing cylinder to the reexpanding cylinder, such pipes being cooled either by
water circulating outside of them, or by air cooled by the machine itself. The
compressing cylinder is placed on the top of the bed frame, and a gas motor
cylinder is placed in the same line as the compressing cylinder, at one end of the
frame which it preferably overhangs, whilst the crank shaft is placed at the other
end of the frame. The piston or plunger of the gas-motor cylinder is on the same
rod as the piston of the compressing cy.inder; and this rod is connected to a crank
or cranks on the crank shaft by one or two connecting rods. On one end of the
crankshaft there is a fly wheel, and on the other end there is a crank or a disk
fitted with a crank pin which is placed relatively to the main cranks at an angle
suitable for equalising the strains as much as conveniently possible. The

page_text: reexpansion cylinder is arranged to act on the end or disk crank and is fixed to the,
side of the bed frame in a vertical, inclined, or horizontal position; or in the case of
small machines it may be arranged in the same line as the other cylinders.
The passages and valves and other parts of and in connection with the gas-motor
cylinder may be constructed and arranged in any suitable manner in use in.
existing gas motors.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same:
may be properly understood I hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Drawings
to be hereinafter referred to and representing by way of example one modification
of my improved apparatus. Figures, 1, and 2, on Sheets, 1, and 2, are respectively.
a plan and a side elevation of a machine for mechanically cooling air as constructed
for being driven by means of combustible gas or vapor. In these Drawings the
same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are
repeated.
In the modification of mechanical air cooling apparatus shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, the motor details are of the well known Otto gas engine type
but other suitable gas-motor details may be combined with the other parts if
preferred. The parts of the improved apparatus are carried on and in a bed.
frame, 11 the greater part of which is of an approximately oblong rectangular
contour. Within the bed frame, 11, there are fitted a number of horizontal pipes,
as indicated by dotted lines, 12, in Figure 2, to be used for the passage of the air
from the compressing cylinder, 13, to the reexpanding cylinder, 14, such pipes being
cooled either by water circulating outside of them in a casing or chamber formed
in the bed frame, or by air cooled by the machine itself. The compressing.
cylinder, 13, is placed on the top of the bed frame, 11, and a gas-motor cylinder, 15,.
is placed in the same line as the compressing cylinder at one end of the bed frame
which it preferably overhangs as shown whilst the crank shaft, 16, is placed at the
other end of the bed frame. The piston or plunger of the gas-motor cylinder, 15,
is on the same rod as the piston of the compressing cylinder, 13, and this rod is
connected to a crank on the shaft, 16, by a connecting rod, 17. On one end of the.
crank shaft, 16, there is a fly wheel, 18, and on the other end there is a crank or a
disk fitted with a crank pin (but not shown in the Drawings) which is placed
relatively to the main crank at an angle suitable for equalising the strains as much
as conveniently possible. In practice the cranks are generally placed so that the
stroke of the reexpansion cylinder commences at about the middle of the stroke of
the motor cylinder. The reexpansion cylinder, 14, is arranged to act on the end
crank and is fixed in a vertical position to a part, 19, of the bed frame and pro-
jecting laterally therefrom at the crank shaft end.
The passages and valves and other parts of and in connection with the gas-
motor cylinder, 15, may be constructed and arranged in any suitable manner, but
as represented in Figures, 1, and 2, the parts are essentially the same as in the
Otto gas engine and do not require to be minutely described.
The gas-motor
valve shaft, 20, is driven by means of bevil wheels, 21, one of which is on the
crank shaft, 16, between the main crank and the crank or crank pin connected to
the reexpansion cylinder, 14; and between the main crank and the By wheel 18,
there is an eccentric, 22, for working a pump, indicated by dotted lines, which
supplies water for being injected into the compressing cylinder, 13, to cool the
air whilst being compressed. and which water is afterwards led through the jacket
of the gas-motor cylinder, 15. An inlet pipe, 23, is shown as connected to the
casing or chamber containing the pipes, 12, and formed within the bed frame, 11, for
the waste or return cold air from the room or space in which the cold air is applied;
and the air passes from the chamber by a pipe, 24, leading it to the inlet valves of
the compression cylinder, 13. From the outlet valves of the compression cylinder, 13,
the air passes by a pipe, 25, to a casing or chamber, 26, at the gas-motor end of
the bed frame, 11. This casing, 26, is by a vertical partition divided into two
compartments, and in the outermost of these into the bottom of which the air is
first led sprays of water are injected for cooling the compressed air. The air passes

page_text: over the top of the partition into the second compartment and after parting with
most of its water passes thence through the pipes, 12, to a collecting casing, 27, at
the other end of them and thence by a pipe, 28, to the reexpansion cylinder, 14.
The reexpansion cylinder, 14, is enclosed in a wooden box, 29, formed with non-
conducting walls and the reexpanded air issuing from the exhaust passage of the
reexpansion cylinder, 14, in an intensely cold state, passes through the box, 29,
and proceeds thence by a duct, 30, to the cold room or space where it is to be
applied. The water which separates from the compressed air in the casing, 20,
and in the pipes, 12, collects in the bottoms of the compartments of the casing, 26,
and proceeds thence by a pipe, 31, to a vessel, 32, fitted with trap valves arranged
to discharge it without allowing the air to escape.
When the reexpansion cylinder connected to a separate crank is placed hori-
zontally as herein before described it will in some cases be preferable to place the
compressing cylinder in line with it instead of placing it in line with the gas
motor cylinder.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated but that what I believe to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
The combination of apparatus for mechanically cooling air, in which a motor
cylinder operating with combustible gas or vapor and the parts appertaining to
such cylinder are fixed to or carried on the same bed frame as cylinders for the
compression and reexpansion of the air, the various parts being arranged sub-
stantially in any of the modes herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph James Coleman, have hereunto set
my hand, and seal this Twentyfirst day of June in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
J. J. COLEMAN. (L.S.)