IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING ANIMAL AND OTHER CHARCOAL
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Brinjes, of Fieldgate Street, White-
chapel, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING ANIMAL AND OTHER CHARCOAL."
Sealed the 12th September 1865, and dated the 15th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick Brinjes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1865.
I, JOHN FREDERICK BRINJES, of Fieldgate Street, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING ANIMAL AND OTHER
CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions of apparatus for
cooling animal and other charcoal, which apparatus is intended to be adapted
to the revolving or reciprocating retorts employed in the manufacture or
reburning of animal and other charcoal, and consists, according to one arrange-
ment, of a spiral or volute conduit, of any convenient sectional form and
number of convolutions, which is attached to the discharging end of a revolving
retort, and communicates with the interior of such retort by an opening or
mouth made in the inner or first coil of the volute. As the retort revolves
the charcoal is discharged into the mouth of the first coil of the volute, and
by the continuous revolution of the retort and volute it is caused to traverse
the entire length of such volute, and is finally discharged at the outer end of
the last coil thereof (which may or may not be provided with a door, as
required) in a sufficiently cool state, so as not to be injuriously affected by
contact with the atmosphere.

page_text: According to another modification, which is more particularly adapted for
use with partial rotatory or reciprocating retorts, such as are referred to in
the Provisional Specification filed by me on or about the 1st day of November
1864, No. 2695, in place of employing a continuous volute or spiral I
employ a series of concentric annular passages or conduits, each adjoining
annular passage communicating with the other at any convenient point in its
circumference. This apparatus is attached to the discharging end of the
retort, with the interior of which the iuner annular conduit communicates by
a mouth or opening made in the inner side thereof. As the retort reci-
procates to and fro in a circular direction on its axis the charcoal is caused to
enter the series of annular conduits in succession, being transferred from one
to the other at each change of motion of the retort, and is finally discharged
from the outer ring of the series of conduits in a sufficiently cool state. In
both these modifications the outer face of the central portion of the cooler is
provided with a plate or cover, in the centre of which is fitted a bull's-eye for
facilitating the inspection of the interior of the retort. The cooling effect in
these arrangements is obtained chiefly by leaving open air spaces between
such convolution of the volute, or between each of the annular conduits, and
a door may be applied or not, as desired, to their discharging apertures, which
'is opened and closed at each revolution or partial revolution by any convenient
arrangement of self-acting mechanism.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Frederick Brinjes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FREDERICK BRINJES, of Fieldgate Street, Whitechapel, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Frederick Brinjes, Her special license that I, the said John
Frederick Brinjes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Frederick Brinjes, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING ANIMAL AND OTHER CHARCOAL," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Frederick Brinjes, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frederick Brinjes, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions of apparatus for
cooling animal and other charcoal, which apparatus is intended to be adapted
to the revolving or reciprocating retorts employed in the manufacture or
reburning of animal and other charcoal, and consists, according to one arrange-
ment, of a spiral or volute conduit, of any convenient sectional form and
number of convolutions, which is attached to the discharging end of a revolving
retort, and communicates with the interior of such retort by an opening or
mouth made in the inner or first coil of the volute. As the retort revolves
the charcoal is discharged into the mouth of the first coil of the volute, and
by the continuous revolution of the retort and volute it is caused to traverse
the entire length of such volute, and is finally discharged at the outer end of
the last coil thereof (which may or may not be provided with a door, as
required) in a sufficiently cool state, so as not to be injuriously affected by
contact with the atmosphere.
According to another modification, which is more particularly adapted for
use with partial rotatory or reciprocating retorts, such as are referred to in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on or about the 1st of
November 1864, No. 2695, in place of employing a continuous volute or:
spiral I employ a series of concentric annular passages or conduits, each.
adjoining annular passage communicating with the other at any convenient
point in its circumference. This apparatus is attached to the discharging end
of the retort, with the interior of which the inner annular conduit com-
municates by a mouth or opening made in the inner side thereof. As the
retort reciprocates to and fro in a circular direction on its axis the charcoal is.
caused to enter the series of annular conduits in succession, being transferred
from one to the other at each change of motion of the retort, and is finally

page_text: discharged from the outer ring of the series of conduits in a sufficiently cool
state. In both these modifications the outer face of the central portion of the
cooler is provided with a plate or cover, in the centre of which is fitted a
bull's-eye for facilitating the inspection of the interior of the retort. The
cooling effect in these arrangements is obtained chiefly by leaving open air
spaces between each convolution of the volute, or between each of the annular
conduits, and a door may be applied or not, as desired, to their discharging
apertures, which is opened and closed at each revolution or partial revolution
by any convenient arrangement of self-acting mechanism.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed moro particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 of my Drawings represents a transverse vertical section of a spiral
or volute charcoal cooler constructed according to my Invention, and Fig. 2
is a corresponding sectional plan of the same.
A is a revolving retort, of any suitable internal construction and set in any
convenient manner, upon the discharging end of which is bolted the short
cast-iron cylinder B, which is closed at its inner end by a diaphragm C having.
an opening D made therein communicating with the interior of the retort.
The outer end of the cylinder B is closed by a plate E bolted thereon, and a
tube F is fitted in the centre thereof and passes through the diaphragm C to
serve as a spy hole; G is an opening made in the circumference of the short
cylinder B, and communicating with the spiral or volute conduit or cooling
passage H, H; T, T, are free air spaces left between the convolutions for the
purpose of cooling the same; and S is a spring-hinged door which opens by
the pressure or weight of the charcoal as the cooler revolves, and closes again
so as to exclude the air when the charcoal is not acting against it.
Fig. 3 represents a transverse vertical section of another construction of cooler
to be fitted into the discharging end of a retort, having a circular reciprocating
motion for the purpose of cooling the animal charcoal as fast as it leaves the
mouth of such retort; and Fig. 4 is a corresponding sectional plan of the same,
To the discharging end of the retort A is bolted the short cast-iron cylinder
B, which is closed at its inner end by the diaphragm C, having an opening D
made therein communicating with the interior of the retort. The outer end
of this short cylinder is closed, as before stated, by a a plate E bolted thereon,
and a tube F is fitted in the centre thereof and passes through the diaphragm
C to serve as a spy hole for watching the progress of the operation. An
opening G is made in the circumference of the short cylinder B, which opening

page_text: communicates with the annular passage H. This passage H communicates
by an opening I with the annular passage K, from which an opening L leads
to the annular passage M, which opens at N into the annular passage O, pro-
vided with a discharge aperture at P. The continuity of the several annular
passages H, K, M, O, is broken by the dividing or separating division plate Q
rivetted to a flange on the surface of the short cylinder B. On referring to
the Drawings it will be evident that as the retort reciprocates to and fro in a
circular direction on its axis the animal charcoal, on being discharged from
the retort, will enter the cylinder B through the opening D, and will be thence
discharged into the annular passages H, K, M, O, in succession by the circular
reciprocating motion of the retort, and finally discharged in a sufficiently cool
state through the opening B into any suitable receptacle. The opening P
may be provided with a spring-hinged door S, if desired, operating as above
described. As a free air space is left between each of the annular passages
a rapid cooling of these contents is effected. It is obvious that any number
of annular passages may be employed, according to the length of cooling
surface required. In the Drawings the black arrows indicate the traverse
of the charcoal, and the red arrows the direction of motion of the coolers.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the constructing of coolers for cooling animal and other charcoal of a
spiral or volute form, with free air spaces between the several convolutions,
substantially as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use to and in the cooling of animal and other
charcoal of a series of annular conduits or passages communicating with each
other, and having free air spaces between them, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Brinjes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOHN FREDERICK BRINJES. (L.S.)