IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPHS TO BE WORKED BY AIR, STEAM, OR GAS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Jaynor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1873.
I, ALBERT JAYNOR, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC TELEGRAPHS TO BE WORKED BY AIR, STEAM, OR
GAS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon a former In-
vention for which Letters Patent were applied for by me, the said Albert
Jaynor, on the Ninth day of December 1872, Numbered 3735, and the
present improvements consist in constructing and operating the trans-
mitting and recording or receiving instruments (described in the
Specification of the aforesaid former Patent), in the following manner :—
First, as regards the transmitting. instrument the present improvement
consists in adapting an inverted saucer-shaped piece of metal to distribute
and equalize the air as it enters the flexible receiver.
Another improved form of transmitting instrument consists of
mechanism arranged as follows:-In order to impart motion to the

page_text: little diaphragm in the receiving instrument nothing more is required
than to move the flexible diaphragm in the large receiver rapidly up and
down, and to have both the sender and receiver register alike. To
accomplish this a horizontal spindle is mounted in bearings over the
receiver fitted with a crank handle, their is an eccentric wheel fitted on
the said spindle for moving the flexible diaphragm; a pinion is cogged
and geared into a large cog wheel pivotted to the framework, and an
- index hand is attached to the said pivot now by taking hold of the crank,
and turning round the eccentric wheel an up-and-down motion will be
imparted to the flexible diaphragm and at the same time the pinion will
impart circular motion to the large cog wheel and index hand under which
is a dial corresponding to that of the receiving instrument; there is a
valve which is always opened at zero on the dial by a raised lump on the
aforesaid large wheel acting on a pivot; by these means the instruments
cannot be affected by the changes in the temperature of the atmosphere.
In connection with the above is a two-way cock fitted with an escape
pipe, and a pipe for connecting this instrument with the receiving
instrument. By turning the handle the connecting pipe may be closed
and the air will then escape out of the waste pipe; this arrangement is
for regulating the two instruments together.
The range of action of the aforesaid eccentric wheel may be regulated
by a pin in the spindle on which it is fixed, taking into one of several
holes made in the wheel, by these means the wheel can thus be made to
act more or less on the diaphragm as occasion and distance may
require.
Second, as regards the recording or receiving instrument the present
improvement consists in constructing it in the following manner :-There
is a movement wheel to which an index hand, and other machinery for
striking a bell is attached as hereafter described; there is a flexible air
receiver which may be made either of rubber or thin sheet metal, also a
piece having three arms with a rocking motion and attachment pieces to
the diaphragm, also pillars to which the movement is fastened, and a
spring acting against the aforesaid rocking piece, and a screw stop to
prevent the rocking picce from being forced too far one way by the
spring.
Now, to impart motion to the aforesaid movement wheel, air must be

page_text: the flexible diaphragm raising the lever which being an angle piece.
connected with the rocking piece will move it one way, say to the left,
as long as the air receiver remains inflated; as soon as the air is with-
drawn the aforesaid spring will act to move the rocking piece the other
way, say to the right. Attached to the said rocking piece are two
straight bars or pawls pointing on to the teeth of the movement wheel,
the said pawls being held therein by small springs in their pivot
fastenings; as motion is imparted to the receiver to the rocking piece
one of the bars or pawls are pushing on a tooth while the other is being
withdrawn to the next tooth, and so on, as fast as the pulsations are
imparted to and withdrawn from the receiver. This motion may be
regulated so as to move the movement wheel half a tooth at each motion,
either to the right or left, thus if you wish to indicate the letters of the
alphabet the 26 letters will require only 13 teeth in the movement
wheel. By suitable gearing the dial can be made so that the instrument
can indicate any number of letters, signs, or orders.
Another improved and more simple mode of constructing the said
recording or receiving instrument is as follows:-Resting on the top of
the aforesaid flexible diaphragm I adapt a plate of metal hinged to the
bottom of the box or case of the instrument at a point opposite to the
said hinge, and fixed to the top of the aforesaid plate is a small forked
shaped piece of metal, to which is pivotted an upright bent pusher or
pawl which takes into the teeth of a rotating ratchet wheel pivotted
edgewise over the aforesaid plate and flexible diaphragm, and in the
teeth on the upper edge of the said ratchet wheel a weighted pivotted
vibrating lever is suitably held in position; the bottom end of this lever
takes into one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and the upper end of
the said lever has a small hammer affixed thereto for striking a bell
suitably placed for that purpose. Upon the axis of the aforesaid ratchet
wheel I fix an index hand and fix a dial to the box or case, the said dial
having orders, words, letters, or signs printed or painted thereon, and
corresponding with the orders, letters, or signs that are on the trans-
mitting instrument, so that when the two instruments are properly
adjusted and connected together by a small tube or pipe which may be
flexible and need not be air-tight.
Upon imparting motion to the flexible diaphragm of the transmitting
instrument the air will be compressed in the aforesaid connecting tube
and expand the diaphragm in the recording instrument, thereby lifting

page_text: up the hinged plate that rests upon it and pushing up the pawl, and
turning the ratchet wheel and index hand partly round and to such a
distance as to point the hand to a similar order to that to which the
hand of the transmitting instrument points. Simultaneously with this
movement the bell of the recording instrument will be struck several
times in succession, and thus call the attention of the person to whom
the order is sent, for example the man at the steering wheel of a ship.
After an order has been given the diaphragm and pawl descend ready to
act again as before, and so on in succession. The ratchet wheel is so
arranged as not to turn backwards, and there is a stop to limit the range
of movement of the hinged plate on the diaphragm by which the
tripping of the instrument or causing the hand on the recording instru-
ment to pass beyond any order transmitted is effectually prevented, and
the two instruments move in perfect harmony, thus obviating the
objection common to automatic telegraphs, as heretofore constructed
when they are worked quickly or suddenly.