Improvements in Globes, Shades, Glasses, Screens, Brackets, Standards, and other Articles for Transmitting, Diffusing, and Reflecting Light, and for Decorative Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Globes, Shades, Glasses, Screens, Brackets,
Standards, and other Articles for Transmitting, Diffusing, and
Reflecting Light, and for Decorative Purposes.
I, PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY of 2 Carlton Mansions, Clapham Rise, in
the County of Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention consists in replacing the ordinary globes, shades, glasses, screens,
brackets, standards and other articles for transmitting, diffusing and reflecting light by
the following means.
I take beads of glass, or of white or colored crystal, which I thread on wire and
thus form a chain, then, upon a foundation made of wire or rods previously constructed
and having the form of the globe or other object which I desire to obtain, I wind, or
otherwise traverse, this chain of beads so as to cause it to completely envelop the
foundation taking care to fix the said chain of beads firmly to the foundation at intervals
or wherever they meet or cross. I thus form an articulated or jointed article in glass
beads which admirably replaces globes, shades, glasses or screens and brackets and
standards for reflecting, diffusing and transmitting light.
For making cylindrical or regular forms I take a frame of wood or metal having
holes made therein at regular distances all round the same.
In these holes I place
studs or screws with heads which project beyond.
I then take the threaded beads and attach one end thereof to one of the studs or
screws and I traverse the said chain of beads to and fro from one stud or screw to the
opposite one until each stud or screw of opposite sides shall have received an attach-
ment of the chain of beads, then each row of beads is attached the one to the other by
wire, the whole being united and with a level surface represents a fabric composed of
warp and weft.
The ends of this bead fabric united and fixed together will form a sleeve or cylinder,
then if I fix the whole on a wire foundation I shall obtain a cylinder into the interior
of which I can introduce a light and obtain very beautiful and powerfully decorative
effects

page_text: In the same manner I make bodies of lamps, supports, brackets, baskets and a variety
of articles intended to transmit, diffuse and reflect light.
In the manufacture of lustres, in place of employing metal tubes, such as are used
for gas or electricity, I construct a carcase or body of strong wire or rods fixed at their
two ends to a metal ring, I then surround them all with a chain of beads.
In some cases I adopt glass or porcelain articles as foundations which I cover, over
their entire surface, with a net work or chain of beads.
I am thus enabled to produce articles of any description for transmitting,
diffusing and reflecting light and I employ, in such manufacture, beads of any
desired shape and color and either smooth or prismatic in any desired combination.
In some cases I can render the work, when finished, solid, that is to say, when the
frame of metal has been covered with beads threaded upon a wire.
To obtain this result I submit the glass beads threaded on a wire to the flame of a
blow pipe the glass becoming heated and soft adheres to the wire from which it
cannot be separated.
By this means the whole of the object worked and finished with beads can be
rendered solid.
In the interior of the article thus made and finished I also, sometimes, blow, by
ordinary means, glass, which takes the interior form of the article previously made and
I operate in such a manner that the whole adheres together.
In pottery I can obtain marvellous effects of decoration.
When the article of pottery is made and ready to receive the enamel I surround it
with a net work of beads or with a spiral of beads threaded on a wire; then I submit
the whole anew to firing in a closed furnace. The beads adhering to the article of
pottery will form the decoration.
I also use porcelain or pottory beads instead of glass bonds, having previously
enamelled them and I combine and apply them in a similar manner to that previously
described with respect to glass beads and I obtain by this means very beautiful decora-
tive effects in glass, pottery and porcelain.
Dated this 31st day of March 1888. .

page_text: Improvements in Globes, Shades, Glasses, Screens, Brackets,
Standards, and other Articles for Transmitting, Diffusing, and
Reflecting Light, and for Decorative Purposes.
I, PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY of 2 Carlton Mansions, Clapham Rise, in
the County of Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon :-
My invention consists in replacing the ordinary globes, shades, glasses, screens,
brackets, standards, and other articles for transmitting, diffusing and reflecting light,
and for decorative purposes, by such articles constructed in the following manner.
I take beads, crystals, or other forms of glass, or of white or colored crystal, which
I thread on wire and thus form a chain a, as shown at figure 1. I construct a founda-
tion or frame A of stout wire or rods, having the form of the globe, shade, glass, lamp,
lantern, or other object I desire to obtain.
At Figures 2 and 3 I have represented one form of frame or foundation A, which
is constructed of stout wires or rods soldered or otherwise fixed to rings c. d, thus
forming a strong foundation or frame of the desired forin. The ring c may, as shown,
be formed with a flange c¹, by which the article may be supported from a suitable
holder e.
I then proceed to wind the chain a of beads or crystals around such foundation or
frame A, as shown at Figure 4, until it is completely covered, taking care to fix or
bind the chain of beads or crystals to each rod or wire b by means of a fine binding
wire f
Figure 5 represents a slight modification in the form of the article. In this case the
rods or wires are extended beyond the ring d and are attached to a ring g forming a
foot, on which the article may stand on a table or other place.
Figures 6 and 7 are respectively an elevation and a sectional plan of a globe, shade,
glass, latop or lantern, the frame or foundation of which is formed in a similar manner
to that shown in figures 2 and 3, but of slightly different shape. In the present case
the beads or crystals are threaded upon somewhat stiffer wire than that used in the
forms shown at figures 2 to 5, and instead of passing direct from one wire or rod o to
the next, the chain of beads or crystals is caused to bulge outwards between such rods
or wires b, so as to give to the article somewhat the form of a melon.
Figure 8 is an elevation of a shade or screen for a lamp, showing part of it com-
pleted with its tissue of beads or crystals, and part of the frame or foundation without
such beads or crystals, and figure 9 is a plan of the frame or foundation separately.
The frame or foundation of this shade or screen is made in a similar manner to those
of the articles represented at figures 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, and it is covered with the tissue
of beads or crystals in a like manner.
Figure 10 represents a frame or foundation for a square shaped lamp or lantern

page_text: which may be made either with or without a door in one side thereof. This frame or
foundation is made of rods or bars & firmly soldered or otherwise fixed together, and it
may have wires or rods 6 intermediate of the angles of such frame, in which case the
chain of beads or crystals may be applied directly to such frame or foundation in the
manner described with respect to the previous figures, or supplemental frames or
foundations A' for each side or section of the article, such as those represented at
figures 11 and 12, may be employed, which are separately covered with chains a of
beads or crystals in the manner herein before described, in which case the supplemental
frames or foundations A' are, when covered with chains of heads or crystals, screwed
to the main frame or foundation A.
For making cylindrical or regular forms, I take, as shown at figure 13, a frame
of wood or metal provided with holes therein at regular distances on two opposite
sides of the same. In these holes I place studs, screws, or pins h with heads which
project beyond the surface of the frame. I then take the chain of threaded beads or
crystals and attach one end thereof to one of the studs or screws, and I traverse the
said chain of beads or crystals to and fro from one stud, pin or screw / to the opposite
one, until each stud, pin or screw h of opposite sides or ends shall have rceived an
attachment of the chain of beads; then each row of beads or crystals is attached the
one to the other by wire; the whole being united, and with a level surface, represents
a fabric composed of warp and weft. Then, by removing this bead fabric from the
framme on which it was made, and by uniting and fixing together the ends thereof, I
form a sleeve or cylinder, which, in some cases, I fix on a wire foundation and thereby
obtain a hollow cylinder, square, or other form, into the interior of which I can
introduce a light and obtain very beautiful and powerfully decorative effects. A frame
or foundation A covered with beads or crystals as above described with respect to
figure 13 may be used for forming the sides of a lamp, in which case it would be
screwed to the lamp frame or body. Or a cylindrical frame or foundation A may be
constructed of top and bottom, and one or more intermediate, rings connected together
by two or more vertical rods or wires, and the same may have a covering of beads
or crystals applied thereto in any of the ways herein before described.
Figure 14 is a side elevation of an electric lamp bracket with some of the beads
or crystals removed to show the form of frame or foundation. Figure 15 is an end
view of the frame at the outer end thereof, and Figure 16 is a cross section of the
stom thereof, and Figure 17 is an elevation of a standard for an electric lamp with
some of the covering beads or crystals removed therefrom to show the construction of
the frame or foundation thereof. The lamp bracket and standard shown at figures 14
to 17 have their frames or foundations formed of rods or wires barranged in the desired
form and connected to rings c. d. g. in a similar manner to that of the foundations or
frames shown at figures 1 to 9.
In any of the nodes herein before described I make bodies of lamps, supports,
brackets, and a variety of articles intended to transmit, diffuse and reflect light, and
of any desired shape, which admirably replace such description of articles made in
the ordinary way.
I can render the work, when finished, solid, by submitting the glass beads or crystals
threaded on a wire to the flame of a blow pipe, in which case the glass becoming
heated and soft, adheres to the wire, from which it cannot be separated; or in lieu of
the above method of working, the work can be rendered more solid and firm by
submitting the articles, when they are completely formed, to an electroplating process,
whereby cause motal to be deposited on the wires, thereby increasing their size aud
causing them to fill the apertures through the beads or crystals, and at the same time
connect the wires firmly to the bars or rods.
By this means the whole of the object worked and finished with beads or crystals
can be rendered solid.
In the interior of the article thus made, and whether solidified or not by the blow
pipe or electro deposit, I also sometimes blow, by ordinary means, glass, which takes
the interior form of the article previously made, and I operate in such manner that
the whole adheres together.

page_text: In the manufacture of lustres, in place of employing metal tubes such as are used
for gas or electricity, I construct a carcase or body of strong wire or rods fixed at
their two ends, and if necessary at intermediate points, to a metal ring; I then
surround them all with a chain of beads in the manner herein before described.
In some cases I adopt glass or porcelain articles as foundations, which I cover, over
their entire surface, with a network or chain of beads.
I am thus enabled to produce articles of any description for transmitting, diffusing,
and reflecting light, and I employ, in such manufacture, beads or crystals of any
desired shape and color, and either smooth or prismatic in any desired combination.
In articles of pottery I also obtain marvellous effects of decoration in the following
manner.
When the article of pottery is made and ready to receive the enamel, I surround it,
entirely or at any desired parts, with a network of beads or crystals or with a spiral
of beads or crystals threaded on a wire; then I apply the enamel thereto and submit
the whole anew to firing in a closed furnace. The beads or crystals adhering to the
article of pottery will form the decoration.
I also, in cases where transparency is not required, use porcelain or pottery beads
instead of glass beads or crystals, having previously enamelled them, and I combine
and apply them in a similar manner to that previously described with respect to glass
bends or crystals, and I obtain by this means very beautiful decorative effects in glass,
pottery and porcelain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of globes, shades, glasses, screens, brackets, standards, and
other articles for transmitting, diffusing and reflecting light, and for decorative
purposos, by constructing a strong frame or foundation and covering it with chains of
threaded beads or crystals fixed thereto, substantially as herein described.
2. The manufacture of globes, shades, glasses, screens, brackets, standards, and
other articles for transmitting, diffusing and reflecting light, and for decorative
purposes, in the manner referred to in the first claim combined with an internal
coating or lining blown therein, substantially as herein described, and for the purpose
stated.
3. The manufacture of articles hereinbefore referred to, of a strong frame or
foundation and supplemental frames covered with chains of threaded beads or crystals
fixed thereto substantially as herein described.
4. The method of ornamenting articles of pottery by means of beads, substantially
as herein described.
5. The manufacture of globes, shades, glasses, screens, brackets, standards, and other
articles for transmitting, diffusing and reflecting light, and for decorative purposes, by
the means herein described.
Dat this 20th da…. of January 1880
PAUL RAOUL DE FAUCHEUX D'HUMY.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.