Method of and Apparatus for Teaching Young Children, Blind' Persons and others Writing, Shorthand Writing, Reckoning, Designing, and the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1892-4ccepted. 37th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Apparatus for Teaching Young Children, Blind'
Persons and others Writing, Shorthand Writing, Reckoning,
Designing, and the like.
1, CONSTANCE BARNARD of 25 Upper Richmond Road, Putney in the County
of London, Kindergarten Governess do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The objects of this invention are primarily to teach young children writing,
especially the small letters and figures, but also to teach the elements of arithmetic,
also to facilitate instruction in shorthand and designing and to teach the blind such
accomplishments.
66
a
For this purpose I divide the letters of the alphabet or as many of them as can
be conveniently divided into the smallest number of elements, an
"for instance
into an oval and a downstroke pothook; a "k" into a downstroke and a joined
double curved piece; some of the elements are applicable to more than one letter
for instance those of " m ""n" and ""; and for instance the letter "j" forms the
tail of a "y" and when turned about forms part of an "." Similarly with the
figures, and with the signs for shorthand writing.
re
These elements and undivisible letters and signs I produce in tangible form, say
of thin wire, but I do not restrict myself to this material. I prefer to colour the
vowels one colour, say bright red, and the consonants another colour, say bright
blue, for the purpose of making them attractive to children and more easily to be
distinguished and remembered; for the blind I may use suitable means for readily
distinguishing them by the touch. In a similar manner I prefer to colour the odd
numbers blue and the even numbers red; above ten a red figure on the right hand
would thus also indicate an even number. With coloured counters and the element
and other forms named, sums can be made attractive to all and even to dull children
and can be worked by them even before their hands are strong enough to make
good figures on slate or paper.
The aforesaid tangible letters, letter elements or forms are intended to be used
for the purposes of this invention by combining them on a table so as to form the
desired letters, words, figures or signs. They are of special use in connection with
the ordinary Kindergarten table ruled in inch squares.
I propose also to apply and use the forms for the purposes of producing designs
or patterns.
The forms can be used as a substitute for writing, when the hand of a child or
adult person is tired or injured.
Dated this 12th day of June 1891.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Apparatus for Teaching Young Children, Blind
Persons and others Writing, Shorthand Writing, Reckoning,
Designing, and the like.
I, CONSTANCE BARNARD of 25 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, in the County
of London, Kindergarten Governess, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The objects of this invention are primarily to teach young children writing,

page_text: especially the small letters and figures, and also to teach spelling and the elements
of arithmetic; also to facilitate instruction in shorthand and designing and to teach.
the blind such accomplishments.
66
For this purpose I divide the letters of the alphabet or as many of them as can
be conveniently divided into the smallest number of elements, an a," for instance,
into an oval and a downstroke pothook; a "k" into a downstroke and a joined
double curved piece; some of the elements are applicable to more than one letter,
for instance those of " m
" and "u" and for instance the letter "j" forms the
tail of a "y" and when turned about forms part of an "f" Similarly with the
figures and with the signs for shorthand writing.
99 66
n
These elements and undivisible letters and signs I produce in tangible form, say
of thin wire but I do not restrict myself to this material. I prefer to colour the
vowels one colour, say bright red and the consonants another colour say bright blue
for the purpose of making them attractive to children and more easily to be
distinguished and remembered; for the blind I may use suitable means for readily
distinguishing them by the touch. Thus for instance the vowel elements and vowels
may be made in wire cord and the others in wire. For the same purpose
I prefer
to colour the odd numbers blue and the even numbers red; above ten a red figure
on the right hand would thus also indicate an even number. With coloured
counters and the elements and other forms named, sums can be made attractive to
all and even to dull children and can be worked by them even before their hands
are strong enough to make good figures on slate or paper.
The following is a list of the most commonly used elements of divisible small
letters of the alphabet.
.
o forms the letter o and part of the letters a, dg and
forms the letter i, part of the letters u, u, and w, and when reversed part of
the letters m, n and r.
forms the letter and part of the letters d, t and b.
1 forms part of the letters h, k, p and
q.
2 forms part of the letters h, p, n, m, v and y.
2 forms part of the letter k.
c forms the letter c and part of the letter a.
forms part of the letter f and when reversed it forms, part of the letters 9, j
and y.
forms part of the letter 8.
forms part of the letters r, and z.
~forms part of the letter z.
forms part of the letters and t.
forms part of the letter g.
forms part of the letters b, r, v, and w.
forms the dot of the letters i and j..
e forms the letter e.
The aforesaid tangible letters, letter elements or forms are intended to be used
for the purposes of this invention by combining them on a table so as to form the
desired letters, words, figures or signs. They are of special use in connection with
the ordinary Kindergarten table ruled in inch squares.
I propose also to apply and use the forms for the purposes of producing designs
or patterns.
The forms can be used as a substitute for writing when the hand of a child or
adult person is tired or injured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what claim is :-
First. The method substantially as hereinbefore described for teaching or
facilitating the teaching of writing in longhand and shorthand, spelling, and the
rudiments of arithmetic consisting in the application and combination of the elements

page_text: of divisible letters and numerals and the elements of divisible shorthand signs
produced in tangible form, in conjunction with undivisible letters, numerals and
shorthand signs also produced in tangible form in order by such aids with or
without that of tables ruled in squares to form or make up syllables, words and
numbers.
Second. The method substantially as herein before described for teaching or
facilitating the teaching of designing consisting in the application and combination
of elements of designs produced in tangible form to make up designs or patterns.
Third. As a new manufacture, letter elements, numeral elements and design
elements produced in tangible form of wire or other suitable material and by
preference in different colours for more easy distinction.
Deted this 11th day of March 1899
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents..