Improvements in Writing Instruments.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 5th May, 1891-Accepted, 13th June, 1891
FREE
2.
判
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Writing Instruments.
I, DANIEL DOULL, of 70, Aughrim Street, in the City of Dublin, Ireland,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to that class of writing instruments known as stylographic
fountain pens, in which the handle forms a reservoir for the ink, and from which it
is continuously drawn, and laid on the paper in a thin linear coating, by means of
two styles, one working within the other, and consists chiefly in an improved form
of external style, by means of which working conjointly with the internal style,
letters, or written characters can be formed, or shaped more perfectly than could
possibly be done heretofore by this class of pen.
My invention consists in providing a thin brass tube which serves as a holder,
and reservoir. One end of this tube is fixed, and cemented into a thin brass socket,
the other end of which socket tapers to a point, with a small round hole running
lengthwise through its centre. This tapering point I call the external style. I
make it square on the outside at the extreme point, with two, or more thin slits
running lengthwise through two, or more of its angles, these slits retain the ink at
the point, and lay it on the paper in well defined lines. By this style the heavy
down strokes alone are made.
In the small central hole in the external style there is placed a solid cylinder
which I call the internal style. At about one-third of its length from the point,
there projects on the internal style a cylindrical boss faced on its lower end with a
soft leather or india rubber washer cemented thereto. This boss serves as the
cover for a small valve, the seat of which valve is formed in the centre of the
external style, and consists of a raised annular edge formed at the upper end of
the central hole.
Above the boss or valve cover is placed a brass helical spring, the lower part of
which coils round the upper end of the internal style.
There is a thumb screw placed in the centre of the holder reaching from the top
to within a short distance of the top of the internal style, the screw or thread of
which works in an internal screw on the inner surface of the holder, the upper part
of the helical spring is kept in an upright, and central position by the lower end of
the thumb screw round which it coils, and against a projecting shoulder of which it
abuts, and by it is pressed against the valve cover, and the pressure of the spring
can thus be increased, or diminished at the pleasure of the operator.
The top end of the holder is closed, and the ink secured in the reservoir, by
means of a double cap, the outer portion of which slips loosely over the top end of
the holder. To this outer portion there is attached internally at the top an inner
cap the outer surface, or periphery of which has a thread, or screw formed on it
which works in a counter screw on the inner surface of the holder. In the annular
space at the top between the outer and inner cap is cemented an india rubber
washer. Thus it will be understood that when the double cap is screwed up, the
rubber washer is pressed against a raised annular edge on the extreme top of the
holder thus securing the ink in the holder.
When the double cap is slightly unscrewed the air reaches the top of the ink by
passing between the holder and the outer cap, then between the rubber washer and
the annular edge and passing to the top of the ink through a small airhole in the
inner cap.
When the reservoir has to be filled, the double cap is unscrewed and taken out
altogether, when the ink is poured in at the open end.

page_text: The pressure on the pen will constantly vary as it is moved backwards, and
forwards on the paper, the ink being conveyed to the paper when the pen is moving
upward by the internal style and when moving downward by the external style, the
internal style alternately advancing and retreating in the formation of every letter.
Deted this 6th dox of duil 1801
DANIEL DOULL.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Writing Instruments.
I, DANIEL DOULL, of 70 Aughrim Street, in the City of Dublin, Ireland,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to that class of writing instruments known as stylographic
fountain pens, in which the writing point is a solid rod, moving endwise in a pointed
tube, and in which the hollow handle of the pen serves as a reservoir for the ink,
from which the point is continuously supplied. The design is to construct a
writing instrument that will form written characters as perfectly as the common
steel pen, of the quill pen pattern, and glide more easily and snioothly over the
paper.
For this purpose the pointed tube which surrounds the solid rod, or style is made
into a writing point, by tapering it externally into a point of four sides of a
rhomboidal form of cross section, with a thin longitudinal slit in each angle. By
this point the heavy strokes of every letter is formed in well defined lines, and by
using the solid style solely in forming the light strokes, well formed letters can be
made by the styles.
This mode of writing involves a constant action of the spring in keeping the
solid style rapidly moving backwards, and forwards. On account of which a spring
of extra length, and elasticity has to be adopted, and also a thumb screw has to be
provided by which the force of the pressure of the solid style outward may be at
the command of the writer.
My invention will be more fully understood by referring to the accompanying
sheet of drawings, in which Fig. 1. is an enlarged longitudinal section of the pen
through the centre, and Fig. 2. is an enlarged cross section of the external style
along the line r. s. of Fig. 1. showing wherein the novelty of the invention in the
style consists.
In Fig. 1. the brass tube A is a handle, or holder, and serves as a reservoir for
the ink. The holder A is fitted into a brass socket B. The other end of the
socket B is tapered, and screwed internally to receive the external style C. The
socket and external style are thus made in two parts, so that when the points of
both styles are worn out, they can be replaced with new styles, by unscrewing the
style C.
In the central hole of the style C is placed the solid, or internal style D, on
which projects the boss, or valve cover N, on the lower face of which is cemented
the rubber washer M. This washer presses on the raised annular edge formed on
the upper end of the style C.
Above the valve cover is placed a brass helical spring F, which presses the valve
cover on its seat.
Above the spring is placed a thumb screw E, the body of which consists of a
thin sheet of brass to which is attached two brass rings I. and K. The ring I is
screwed on its outer surface, and works in a counter screw formed on the inner
surface of the tubular piece O, attached to the holder A. By means of the ring 1,
the thumb screw is moved upwards, and downwards in the holder. The ring Kis
for the purpose of keeping the lower end of the thumb screw in a central position.
The ink is secured in the holder by a double cap G H. The rubber washer L

page_text: is cemented in the annular space at the top between the outer portion G of the cap,
and the inner portion H. The inner portion H of the cap is screwed on its outer
surface, and works in a counter screw formed on the inner surface of the tubular
piece P, attached to the holder. On the upper end of the tubular piece P an
annular edge is formed, against which the rubber washer L presses when the
double cap is screwed down, so that the ink cannot escape out of the holder.
The external air reaches the top of the ink through an air hole Q, made in the
inner portion of the cap.
Fig. 2. is a cross section of the point of the external style C, along the line r..
Fig. 1. showing the position of the slits, and the lozenge shape section of the
style.
To use the pen, the holder is charged with ink, by taking off the double cap,
when the ink is poured in on the protruding end of the thumb screw.
The cap is
then screwed in, but not tight down, leaving a passage for the air to pass under the
rubber washer.
The pen is held in an nearly upright position, with the top leaning slightly
forward. The pen is pressed against the paper at every motion of the point,
toward the writer, the point being only kept in contact with the paper, without
pressure, when moving from the writer. The flow of ink is regulated to suit the
requirements of the writer, by turning the thumb screw to the left to increase, and
to the right to decrease the flow.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In stylographic fountain pens, an external style of a tapering point having
one or more radial slits in its extreme point, which retain the ink, and lay it on the
paper.
2. In a double cap, with rubber washer, as herein described, by which ink is
secured in a fountain pen without compression of the internal air.
3. In the particular combination of all the several parts in a stylographic
fountain pen whereby the purpose is attained, as described in this Specification, and
defined in these drawings.
Dated this ith lar of Mar 1801
DANIEL DOULL.