ImPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND DRAWING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Yuill Borland, of Manchester, Engineer,
for the Invention of "ImPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND DRAWING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 8th December 1871, and dated the 24th August 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Yuill Borland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 24th August 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
YUILL BORLAND, of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CERTAIN PARTE OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND
DRAWING FIEROUS MATERIALS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am
the true and first Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Yuill Borland, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to bo performed, in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention is applicable to mules and other spinning machines,
also to slubbing, roving, and drawing frames and other spinning
machines in which drawing and twisting is performed in any form as
cop ball or bobbin, or any other shape, wound in regular layers or with
quick crossings.
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]
This Invention consists in new and novel improvements in the
construction and working of flyers described in Patent No. 1854, dated
6th August 1856, granted to me by Her Majesty. The flyers therein
described for spinning cops, ball, bobbin, or any other shape are made
of two pieces of small round wire, see Fig. 1, joined together at top:
end at d, forming the top journal or bearing bent downwards parallel
with the spindles to the lower bolster at e, where they are also joined
together into one piece forming the collar or journal, below this they
are bent outwards to admit the top end of the cop or bobbin or other
shapes between them, the extremities are curled like a throstle fly
to an eye to admit thread, the bottom collar of the fly at e is bored out
to admit the spindle being entered upwards between two wires of the
fly. In working these flyers the centrifugal force causes the wires to
expand or fly from the centre producing serious effects on the thread
causing it to break, to obviate which my first improvement is directed,
namely, instead of using a round wire I roll it flat and then bend it
round hollow like a pipe, or half round in form of letter C, by which
means it is considerably stronger to resist the centrifugal expansion,
and about one half lighter thereby diminishing the centrifugal expansion
to a great extent, (in Patent No. 1854, the fly is dragged or pulled by
the thread solely and entirely.)
My second improvement consists in driving the flyers and spindles
conjointly by one and the same band in the following manner :-A warve
3, Fig. 1, with a long boss revolves in bottom rail 4 of fly frame driven
by a band from tin roller A and B, Fig. 1, the warve is bored out to
admit the fly being entered up through it, and on to the fly is fastened
a round thin piece of wood 5, like a small bobbin end, by means of which
it rests on the warve; now it is evident by revolving the warve, the fly

page_text: is compelled to revolve with it by its resting on it by its own weight,
on the top side of the warve a piece of flannel cloth 6 is glued to cause
more adhesion between the fly and warve. I have placed this warve
at the bottom of the fly being more convenient for banding, but it may
be put at top or any other convenient place. The tube on this warve 3,
Fig. 1 may be extended on the top side upwards, and have a neck
revolving in top bearing of fly frame, and the fly inserted inside resting
by a button head on the outside tube which is positively rovolved.
By this method the fly is freed from all friction except what is necessary
for winding up the spun thread, this being very important in spinning fine
threads. The inside fly may be made in tube form, and the thread
passed up the centre and once or twice round fly leg at bottom is quite
sufficient to wind hard cops.
•
My third improvement is the converse of the foregoing. The warve 8,
instead of being put in the fly frame is put in the spindle frame 7,
and the spindle rests on the warve by means of the wooden bobbin
end 5 being fixed to it, and the fly is revolved in its bearings bywarve 8¹
on any convenient part of the Two tin rollers, as shown in Fig. 2,
1 and 2 will be required to drive the fly and a third tin roller 3 is
required to drive the spindles which must follow their downward
motion as the spinning proceeds. In Fig 1 two stationary tin rollers A
and B are employed, and to allow of the spindle frame descending
as the work proceeds, a long roller g is fitted on to the spindle or a
common warve will do as the banding will follow the motion of the
spindle.
My fourth improvement relates to a self-acting system of lengthening
or shortening the distance between the rollers. Fig. 3 shows a stand 14
mounted to effect that purpose, 10 is a projection from roller slide,
through which the screw 9 of ten threads to an inch works turned by
wheel 11 of ten teeth revolved by endless screw 18 on shaft 12 which
extends lengthways across the frame, by turning handle 15 the rollers
slide 10 will open or close to the one-hundredth part of an inch each
revolution, while the screw 14 working in index wheel 16 of 50 teeth will
shew the amount of opening required for each quality of material in
the machine; 17 is a hand fastened to a fixed stud 18 on which the
wheel 16 revolves. Fig. 4 shews the arrangement in a preparation
machine in which a multiplicity of rollers are used, 1 aro bottom rollers
surmounted with their top rollers working in castings 2 independent

page_text: of each other, the long end 4 of stand 3, Figs. 4 and 6, is made hollow
with a slit on the top side from end to end, shewn in section lengthwise
through which the casting 2 passes, the screw 5 is tapped through
each, and by turning handle 15 as in Fig. 3, the screw 13 will revolve
wheel 11, Fig. 4, and force the rollers to open or close. Provided each
pair of rollers are required to open or close individually the screw facing
each must be made with a proportionate number of threads per inch
as motion is required.
My fifth improvement relates to the method of weighting the rollers
on the pivot. ends, instead of on the middle, which is, three times the 1
diameter of the pivots working easier and requiring less oil and pre-
venting it spreading on the leather covering, 10 top roll; 11 connecting
link to weight 9; Fig. 6 is a cross section of stand end 4 of Fig. 4,
shewing screws 6 through the centre; Fig. 7 shews the method of
keeping the wheelwork in pitch, while the rollers are traversed on 1
Fig. 4; a, bottom roller wheels; b, carrying wheels; e, speed pinions;
d, a series of link arms on which the wheels b, c, revolve by which they
keep in pitch at any distance as the end of each link is centre of their
respective wheels.
By my fourth improvement. I am enabled by the foregoing self- 2
acting method of distancing the rollers to dispense with the necessity
of fluting them, as when true. set their bite is quite sufficient to draw
out the fibres, effecting a great saving in the covering of top rollers
which will last as long again, and thereby preventing the dispersion
of the fibres when pressed in the flutings, making a much smoother and 2
stronger thread than with fluted rollers. In opening the rollers, Fig. 3,
the cup bar R provides bearings for the inside top rollers, but for front
top rollers a cross bar extending from stand to stand carrying the
required top roller bearings, is fastened to a projection on stand at m.
In piecing up the spindle and fly motion must be arrested for that 3
purpose, it is requisite to slacken the driving band which is done in
the following 'manner :-instead of the tin roller A, Fig. 1, a light cord
pulley of equal diameter, mounted on a bent lever shewn in dotted
lines at 8, oscillating on stud P, by lifting the handle 9 and putting
the point on the edge of roller beam, the cord will be slackened and 3
lose grip, at the same time point & will clip the cord on u, rendering
motion impossible, and by relieving point motion of fly and spindle
will commence simultaneously, or a small roller or pulloy may be
'
L

page_text: it is applied to in the shape of cop ball or bobbin or loose layers in cans
by bending the legs h, Fig. 1 into any required shape.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Yuill Borland, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
JOHN YUILL BORLAND. (L.S.)