IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County. of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."-A communication
from abroad by Charles Alexandre Thirion, of Paris, in the Empire
of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th February 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Charles Alexandre Thirion, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in precipitating white substances or dyes upon
the pulp before it is made into paper. These white precipitates or dyes
may consist of such insoluble white precipitates as the insoluble silicates,
sulphates, or carbonates of barium, calcium, and strontium, or the
insoluble silicates and carbonate of magnesium, or of any other similar

page_text: white substances capable of being precipitated upon the pulp. The
substances selected to form the white precipitate are dissolved separately
and then mixed successively with the pulp. Thus, if sulphate of barium
be the white precipitate or dye employed a solution of a salt of barium
is first added to the pulp, and then sulphuric acid or a solution of a
sulphate is added, the reaction of one solution upon the other pre-
cipitating sulphate of barium on the pulp, or the order of addition of
these solutions may be reversed if desired.
By the use of other suitable solutions in the same way other insoluble
sulphates, silicates, and carbonates may be precipitated upon the pulp,
as is well understood by chemists.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office 'on the 7th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 'I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, 'for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, 'adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," a communication
from abroad by Charles Alexander Thirion, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly de-

page_text: scribe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and 'ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :--
This Invention relates to the production of insoluble salts or pre-
cipitates in the presence of what is known as pulp, and which is intended
for the production of paper. The substances which I prefer are the
sulphates of baryta, strontia, and lime, the insoluble silicates and the
insoluble carbonates of magnesia, lime, baryta, or strontia, or any other
similar insoluble carbonate or silicate which may be suitable for the
desired purposes.
In carrying out this Invention the pulp being contained in the beating
engine either the solution of the salts of lime, magnesia, baryta, or
strontia, their chlorides, for example, are to be first added, and then the
decomposing solution, such as the sulphate, or silicate, or carbonate of
soda, in about equivalent proportions, are to be added until the desired
precipitation has been effected; or the sulphates, carbonates, or silicates
may be first added, and then the alkaline earthy solutions.
It will be understood that when I wish to obtain the precipitation of
an insoluble sulphate, such for example as sulphate of baryta, I may
employ either sulphuric acid or a soluble sulphate in conjunction with a
soluble salt of barium, such for example as the chloride of barium; when
an insoluble carbonate, such as the carbonate of baryta, then I employ a
soluble carbonate in conjunction with a soluble salt of barium; when an
insoluble silicate then a soluble silicate in conjunction with a soluble
salt of barium, and so in like manner for the formation of the insoluble
compounds of the other substances referred to.
The proportions to be employed will vary according to the density of
the precipitate and the quality of the paper it is desired to produce, but
I have found that about ten per cent. of sulphate of baryta in the pulp
has given good results.
After the substances have been put into the beating engine and the
Procinitation effected the nuln may he washed in the ordina

page_text: the view of washing off any free acid or soluble matters, but such wash-
ing almost always removes some of the precipitate.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same. is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the pre-
cipitation of insoluble precipitates, such as those herein before referred
to, in the presence of pulp so as to obtain a more thorough incorporation
and admixture of the precipitates therewith, and to render the pulp
more suitable for the production of paper.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to
this my Specification set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of
August One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.