IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Weston Clayton, of Hampton, in tho
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
"
Scaled the 12th June 1874, and dated the 25th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Weston Clayton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th March 1874.
I, JAMES WESTON CLAYTON, of Hampton, in the County of Middlesex,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," to bo`
as follows:
Heretofore waterproof paper suitable for wrapping up and packing
blacking and other similar substances has usually been manufactured as i

page_text: follows: The paper is first steeped in boiled linseed oil and pressed; it
is then hung up to dry for a period varying from 18 hours to a weck, and
is then ready for use.
Now by my Invention I am enabled to produce a waterproof paper of
a superior quality which becomes ready for use within a few minutes
after being saturated with the waterproofing material.
In carrying out my improved manufacture I apply to a suitable
paper a composition of resinous, waxy, and fatty or oily substances, or
a combination of two or more of them, in such proportions and manner
as to produce a waterproof flexible and firm tissue suitable for wrapping
up and packing blacking and other similar substances.
The following approximate proportions, among others, of substances
included under the above-mentioned classes will produce a good com-
position :-
:-
1st. Two parts block paraffin and 1 part rosin or crude turps.
2nd. Two parts Japanese wax and 1 part rosin.
3rd. One part Carnauba wax, 3 parts rosin, and two parts rosin oil.
I do not restrict myself to the substances just named nor to the pro-
portions, but what I claim as this part of my Invention is the use of a
composition of resinous, waxy, and fatty or oily substances, or a com-
bination of two or more of them to produce a suitable waterproof paper
for the purpose of wrapping up and packing blacking or other similar
substances, which paper becomes fit for use within a few minutes by the
simple cooling of the composition instead of slowly oxidizing and drying
as in the linseed oil papers now employed, which seldom become fit for
use under 18 hours.
I apply the composition to the papers, by means of machinery, as
described with reference to the second part of my Invention. This
refers to improved machinery for applying waterproof matters to paper.
so as to produce a paper suitable for wrapping up and packing blacking
and other similar substances.
. According to one arrangement I place the waterproofing material in a

page_text: taken up by feed rollers and transferred to the finishing rollers, between
which the paper passes. The feed rollers by means of proper bearings
can be so set or arranged as to feed a certain definite amount of the
material on to the finishing rollers. These rollers are made hollow, and
heated preferably by gas or steam. The paper after passing the finishing.
rollers is conducted a short distance through the air to allow the compo
to cool; it is then wound upon a beam or roller.
Another arrangement is to pass the paper through the hot fluid compo
or material in a suitable trough, and then cause it to pass over and
through a series of hot scrapers and rollers to remove the excess of the
compo or material, after which it passes to be cooled, and is wound upon'
a beam or roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Weston Clayton in the Great Seal Patent,
Office on the 22nd September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WESTON CLAYTON, of Hampton, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and'
grant unto me, the said James Weston Clayton; Her special licence that'
I, the said James Weston Clayton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Weston Clayton, my exc-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
'

page_text: 1st. Two parts block paraffin and 1 part rosin or crude turps.
2nd. Two parts Japanese wax and 1 part rosin.
3rd. One part Cornauba wax, 3 parts rosin, and two parts rosin oil.
I do not restrict myself to the substances just named, nor to the pro-
portions, but what I claim as this part of my Invention is, the use of a
composition of resinous, waxy, and fatty or non-drying oily substances,
or a combination of two or more of them, to produce a suitable water-
proof paper not liable to spontaneous combustion, either during the
process of manufacture or during storing, for the purpose of wrapping
up and packing blacking or other similar substances, which paper
becomes fit for use within a few minutes by the simple cooling of the
composition, instead of slowly oxidizing and drying as in the linseed
oil papers now employed, which seldom become fit for use under
18 hours.
I apply the composition to the papers by means of machinery, as
described with reference to the second part of my Invention. This
refers to improved machinery for applying waterproof matters to paper
so as to produce a paper suitable for wrapping up and packing blacking
and other similar substances.
According to one arrangement I place the waterproofing material in a
trough or receiver, to which heat is applied. The fluid material is then
taken up by feed rollers and transferred to the finishing rollers, between
which the paper passes. The feed rollers, by means of proper bearings,
can be so set or arranged as to feed a certain definite amount of the
material on to the finishing rollers. These rollers are made hollow, and
heated preferably by gas or steam. The paper after passing the finishing
rollers is conducted a short distance through the air to allow the compo
to cool; it is then wound upon a beam or roller.
Another arrangement is to pass the paper through the hot fluid compo
or material in a suitable trough, and then cause it to pass over and
through a series of hot scrapers and rollers, either separately or com

page_text: bined, to remove the excess of the compo or material, after which it
passes to be cooled, and is wound upon a beam or roller.
If desirable, I also employ a fan or other means of producing a
draught of cold air to pass over the paper to aid the cooling of the
compo.
And in order that this second part of my Invention be more fully
ascertained, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
..
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a machine by which the water-
proofing material is put on the paper by means of rollers and scrapers.
A is the frame; B, B', are two. hollow rollers, having their spindle
bearings in slots in the frame, and adjustable by screws b, b¹. C, C¹, are
two feed rollers, also having their bearings in slots in the frame, and
adjustable by screws. These two feed rollers C, C', dip into two
troughs D, D', in which is placed the waterproofing material. Straight'
edges or doctors E, E¹, are adjusted by nuts against the feed rollers,
so as to allow the desired amount of material to be fed on to the
rollers B, B. The rollers and troughs are heated by any suitable means,
but preferably by steam. This may be effected by forming the hollow
bottom of the trough as a steam chamber H, H', and after the rollers..
and scrapers are properly adjusted the paper is passed from a large
"beam" or roller G, G¹, round the loose roller F, and then upwards
between the rollers B, B', where it is imbued with the waterproofing,
material. The paper continues for a short space through the air in
order to cool, and is then wrapped round a beam. The machine is driven
by a fast and loose pulley on the spindle of one of the rollers B, B', and
all the rollers are geared together at equal surface speeds..
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a machine in which the
paper is
submerged in the waterproofing material contained in a trough D, and the
excess of material is then removed by a series of rollers B, B₁, B", and B¹¹¹,
and scrapers E, E¹, E, and E. D is the trough; B, B¹, B¹¹, B¹, are
the hollow rollers set alternately and adjustable in slots in the frame A
by means of screws 6, 6, 6", and "; E, E', E", and E", are the
scrapers or doctors set up against the rollers B by means of nuts. The
paper first passes from the beam over the loose roller F and then under
the loose roller F.. This loose roller can be lifted by the lever G" out of .

page_text: the liquid in order to pass the paper under; it. The paper passes
through the liquid, and passing round the loose roller N passes upwards
between the hot rollers B. These rollers are all geared together; and
ŕotaté in the opposite direction to which the paper is passing, as shown by
the arrows. The doctors E remove the surplus material from the rollers.
The paper continues upwards to cool, and is then wound on a beam.
H is the steam chamber.
Figures 3 and 4 are front elevation and a longitudinal section of a
machine in which the paper passes through a trough D, in like manner
to Fig. 2, and then upwards between a series of alternate scrapers E set
on two steam boxes L and M. The scrapers E remove the surplus
material from the paper, which then passes upwards to cool and is
wound on a beam. D is the trough containing the waterproofing
material. The paper passes from the beam over the loose roller F and
under the loose roller F¹ and through the liquid, then round the loose
roller N, and then upwards between the scrapers E. These scrapers are
fitted on to steam boxes L and M. L is a fixed steam box, and is bolted
to the frame A; and M is a swinging steam box, and swings on the
steam pipe g, which is better seen in Fig. 3. This steam box bears tho
loose roller N, and swings upwards in order to allow the paper to be
drawn through the scrapers. When the end of the paper is passed
through, the swing steam box M is let down to its place, and is fastened
by an adjustable catch, so that the scrapers are at the desired distance
apart. This catch is shewn separately at Fig. 5, which represents the
lower part of the two steam boxes. O is a bolt with an eye on which it
can turn round a pin p¹ on the fixed steam box L. The nut Q is.
adjustable on the bolt O, and is so formed with a groove all round as to
fit over the pin p, so as to hold the two boxes at any required distance
apart. The nut is formed conical, as shewn, so as to slide along the
pin p and fall. The box M may conveniently be swung up by a chain
attached to the lever P. R is a stop to prevent the bolt O from falling
below the level at which the pin p can catch the conical nut Q.
I do not confine myself to the exact form or dimensions of the
machines shown, but what I claim as the second part of my Invention
is, a system or series of hot rollers, scrapers, and troughs, by means of
which any desired amount of waterproofing material is placed upon
paper suitable for and intended for the wrapping up of blacking and

page_text: other similar substances; or by which first an excess of the material is
placed on the paper by submerging it in a trough, and which excess to
any desired amount is afterwards removed by the actions of hot rollers
or scrapers, or both combined, all substantially in manner described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, together with any mere
modifications thereof.
In witness whercof, I, the said James Weston Clayton have here.
unto set my hand and scal, this Thirty-first day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
JAMES WESTON CLAYTON. (L.S.)