IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT AND PURIFICATION OF SUGAR AND SACCHARINE MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duncan, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in
the County of Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT AND PURIFICATION OF SUGAR AND SACCHARINE MATTERS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 15th August 1876, and dated the 29th June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duncan and Benjamin
Edward Reina Newlands at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 29th June 1876.
JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN EDWARD
REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of Essex.
« IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION OF SUGAR AND SACCHARINE
MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.”
Our Invention relates principally to the process, in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to the said James Duncan, the 28th May 1874, No. 1870, of
treating sugar when in a powdered, crushed, or crystallized condition, and also of
saccharine matters by subjecting the same whilst contained in a centrifugal
machine to the action of steam, in order to remove soluble impurities therefrom;
and it has for its object rendering the apparatus employed in carrying out the
process more simple in construction, and obtaining an increased weight of pure or
nearly pure sugar from a given quantity of sugar or saccharine matter operated
upon.
In carrying out our Invention, in order to effect these objects, we introduce the
steam through the outer casing of the machine at any suitable part thereof, but by
preference at the side near the top by means of a pipe having an elbow bend
turning upwards in lieu of admitting the steam through the cover, as described in
the Specification of the said former Letters Patent.
By this means a very dry steam is obtained, which passes over the top of the.
basket or cage on to the sugar contained therein, the water of condensation from
any steam which may have condensed in the steam pipes running down the sides of
the casing, and out through the outlet provided in the bottom for the escape of the
syrup. By thus introducing the steam we are enabled to employ a plain flat cover,

page_text: in substitution for the cover with the steam mouth described in the said former
Specification.
We further dispense with the annular guard or water catcher, described in the
said former Specification, which as the steam is dry is not required. We also dis-
pense with the steam outlet or chimney previously employed, whereby we cause
the whole of the steam admitted to the machine to become available for the purifi-
cation of the sugar or saccharine matter, and so avoid a considerable loss of steam,
which in the case of the machine described in the said former Specification over-
flows the basket or cage, and passes into the outlet pipes, and thence escapes
through the chimney.
The supply of steam to the machine should be continued until steam commences
to escape round the periphery of the cover, such escape forming an indication that a
sufficient quantity of steam has been admitted for operating upon the charge of
sugar or saccharine matter contained in the machine, and that the steam should be
shut off accordingly.
In some cases we warm the sugar or saccharine matter previous to its intro-
duction into the machine or when in the basket of the machine. In the latter case
this may be effected by means of hot air introduced through an inlet in the same
manner as and previously to the steam. We find that the sugar when thus warmed
requires less steam than when it is placed in the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Duncan and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 29th December 1876.
JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN EDWARD
REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of Essex.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION OF SUGAR AND SACCHARINE
MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our said Invention relates principally to the process, in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to the said James Duncan, the Twenty-eighth May One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, No. 1870, of treating sugar when in a
powdered, crushed, or crystallized condition, and also of saccharine matters by
subjecting the same whilst, contained in a centrifugal machine to the action of
steam, in order to remove soluble impurities therefrom; and it has for its object
rendering the apparatus employed in carrying out the process more simple in con-
struction, and obtaining an increased weight of pure or nearly pure sugar from a
given quantity of sugar or saccharine matter operated upon.
In order that our Invention may be fully understood we shall now proceed to
particularly describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the annexed
Drawing, which represents a sectional elevation of a centrifugal machine embodying.
our improvements.
In carrying out our Invention, in order to effect the before-mentioned objects, we
introduce the steam through the outer casing A of the machine at any suitable part
thereof, but by preference at the side near the top, as shewn, by means of a pipe B
having an elbow bend a turning upwards in lieu of admitting the steam through
the cover, as described in the Specification of the said former Letters Patent.
By this means a very dry steam is obtained, which passes over the top of the
basket or cage C on to the sugar contained therein, the water of condensation from
any steam which may have condensed in the steam pipes running down the sides of
the casing A, and out through the outlet D provided in the bottom for the escape of
the syrup. By thus introducing the steam we are enabled to employ a plain flat
cover, as shewn at E, in substitution for the cover with the steam mouth, described
in the said former Specification..

page_text: We further dispense with the annular guard or water catcher, described in the
said former Specification, which as the steam is dry is not required. We also dis-
pense with the steam outlet or chimney previously employed, whereby we cause
the whole of the steam admitted to the machine to become available for the purifi-
cation of the sugar or saccharine matter, and so avoid a considerable loss of steam,
which in the case of the machine described in the said former Specification overflows
the basket or cage C, and passes into the outlet pipes, and thence escapes through
the chimney.
The supply of steam to the machine should be continued until steam commences
to escape round the periphery of the cover at b, such escape forming an indication
that a sufficient quantity of steam has been admitted for operating upon the charge
of sugar or saccharine matter contained in the machine, and that the steam should
be shut off accordingly.
In some cases we warm the sugar or saccharine matter previously to its intro-
duction into the machine, or when in the cage or basket of the machine. In the
latter case this may be effected by means of hot air introduced through a pipe F,
having an elbow bend c, in the same manner as and previously to the steam.
find that the sugar when thus warmed requires less steam than when it is placed in
the machine cold.
We
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. Effecting the purification of sugar when in a powdered, crushed, or crys-
tallized condition, and of saccharine matters, by subjecting the same whilst con-
tained in the cage or basket of a closed centrifugal machine (that is to say, a
centrifugal machine having a solid or non-perforated cover) to the action of steam
introduced through the outer casing of such closed machine, or otherwise than
through the cover, substantially as and for the purposes herein-befere described.
Second. Subjecting sugar when in a powdered, crushed, or crystallized con-
dition, and of saccharine matters, to a preliminary warming and drying process by
means of heated air previously to such sugar and saccharine matters being sub-
mitted to the action of steam in a centrifugal machine, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, on behalf
of the said James Duncan and myself, have to this our Specification set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of December, One thousand. eight
hundred and seventy-six.
B. E. R. NEWLANDS. (LS)