IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND THE SMALL COKE CALLED BREEZES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS. PATENT. to George Shaw, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Patent Agent,. for. the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND THE SMALL COKE CALLED BREEZES, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS." A communication from abroad by August
Conrad Dewies. of Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
Scaled the 18th April 1867, and dated the 8th November 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said . George Shaw .at-the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1866....
"I, GEORGE SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND THE SMALL COKE CALLED BREEZES, AND IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COAL GAS," to be as follows:
The said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained “in
the manufacture of coke and the small coke called breezes, and also in tho
manufacture of coal gas, the object of the said Invention being to manufacture
coke and breezes free or nearly free from sulphur and phosphorous," and to
manufacture coal gas free or nearly free from sulphur.
In-manufacturing coke according to the said Invention the coal to be coked
is crushed or powdered in any convenient manuer, and during or after the said
crushing or powdering process burned lime (commonly called quicklime) iş
Paine S1

page_text: mixed therewith, the mixture of the quicklime and coal being made as perfect
as possible. Instead of quicklime, slaked linie or unburned powdered lime-
stone or chalk or other calcareous earth may be used in place thereof. The
proportion of lime to the coal varies according to the quantity of sulphur and
phosphorous contained in the coal to be coked, but generally a mixture of two
to four parts by weight of lime to one hundred parts by weight of powdered
coal gives the best results. After the powdered coal and the lime have been
thoroughly mixed the mixture of coal and lime is placed in coke ovens of the
ordinary kind, or made into open coké heaps and burned in the usual way.
During the coking process the sulphur and phosphorus contained in the coal
combine with the calcium of the lime and form therewith sulphide and
phosphide of calcium. After the coking process is complete the coke is
removed from the oven, and while at a red heat is quenched with a large
quantity of water. By thus quenching the heated coke the sulphide of
calcium, which is soluble in water, is washed out, and the phosphorous of the
phosphide of calcium is eliminated as phosphuretted hydrogen gas. A small.
quantity of muriatic acid may be added to the water used for quenching the
heated coke; this acid promotes the elimination of the phosphorous. The
mixture of coal and lime may be made into blocks or bricks; in this case the
mixture is moulded and consolidated into the required forms and afterwards
burned and washed in the manner herein-before explained.
In making the small coke called breezes the process is the same as that
described with respect to the manufacture of coke.
Coke and breezes manufactured according to the said Invention, or the
coke resulting from the manufacture of coal gas treated as herein-after
described, are free or nearly free from sulphur and phosphorous, and are
especially applicable for use in the smelting of iron in the blast furnace, and
in the melting of iron in the cupola and refinery furnaces, and for metallurgical
and other processes where a fuel free or nearly free from sulphur and
phosphorous is required.
In manufacturing coal gas according to the said Invention the coal from
which the gas is made is treated with lime or limestone, or chalk, or other
calcareous earth in the manner herein-before described with respect to the
manufacture of coke and breezes. The gas obtained from coal so treated is
free or nearly free from sulphur, and the coke resulting from the manufacture
of the said gas after being quenched with water is free or nearly free from
sulphur and phosphorous.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George 'Shaw in the Great Sea! Patent Office on the
7th May 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Shaw, Her special licence that 1, the said George Shaw, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS... IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COKE AND THE SMALL COKE CALLED BREEZES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF COAL GAE, a communication to me from abroad by August Conrad Dewies,
of Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Shaw, my executors or administrators, by an instru
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of the hands and seals," should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same "to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Shaw, do hereby deciárë¨ the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to "Be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following, statement
thereof, that is to say:-
bariup
The said Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after explained, in
i.
the manufacture of coke and the small coke called breezes. and also in the
manufacture of coal gas, the object of the said Invention being to manü-.
facture coke and breezes free or nearly free from sulphur and Bios, and
to manufacture coal gas free or nearly free from sulphur.
I 19
declare
zi s
di
In manufacturing coke according to the said Invention the coal to be coked
is crushed or powdered in any convenient manner, and during or after the said
crushing or powdering process burned lime (commonly called quicklime) is

page_text: mixed therewith, the mixture of the quicklime and coal being. -made, as
perfectly as possible. Instead of quicklime, slaked lime or unburned pow-
dered "limestone, or chalk, or other calcareous earth which yields lime on being
heated, may be used in place thereof. The proportion of lime to the coal
varies according to the quantity of sulphur and phosphorus contained in the
coal to be coked, but generally a mixture of two to four parts by weight of
lime to one hundred parts by weight of powdered coal gives the best results.
After the powdered coal and the lime have been thoroughly mixed, the
mixture of coal and lime is placed in coke ovens of the ordinary kind, or made
into open coke heaps and burned in the usual way. During the coking
process the sulphur and phosphorus contained in the coal combine with the
galcium of the lime, and form therewith. sulphide and phosphide of calcium.
After the coking process is complete the coke is removed from the oven, if
the coking has been effected in an oven, and while at a red heat is quenched
with a large quantity of water. By thus quenching the heated coke the
sulphide of calcium, which is soluble in water, is washed out and the phos-
phorus of the phosphide of calcium is eliminated as phosphuretted hydrogen
gas. A small quantity of muriatic acid may be added to the water used for
quenching the heated coke; this acid promotes the elimination of the phos-
phorus. The mixture of coal and lime may be made into blocks or bricks;
in this case, the mixture is moulded and consolidated into the required forms;
and afterwards burned and washed in the manner herein-before explained.
In making the small coke called breezes the process is the same as that
described with respect to the manufacture of coke.
Coke and breezes manufactured according to the said Invention, or the coke
resulting from the manufacture of coal gas, treated as herein-after described,
are free or nearly free from sulphur and phosphorus, and are especially
applicable for
cable for use in the smelting of iron in the blast furnace, and in the
melting of iron in the cupola and refinery furnaces, and for metallurgical and
other processes where a fuel free or nearly free from sulphur and phosphorus
is required.
Ho
In manufacturing coal gas according to the said Invention the coal from
which the gas is made is treated with lime or limestone, or chalk, or other
calcareous carth, which yields lime on being heated. in the manner herein-
before described with respect to the manufacture of coke and breezes. On
heating the mixture of coal and lime in the gas retort the sulphur contained
in the coal combines with the calcium of the lime, and forms therewith
sulphide of calcium instead of passing off with the gas as in the ordinary
manufacture. The gas obtained from coal so treated is consequently free or
torqod.

page_text: nearly free from sulphur, and the coke resulting from the manufacture of the
said gas after being quenched with water is free or nearly free from sulphur
and phosphorus.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of the said Invention; but I claim as the
said Invention,-
Firstly, the improvements in the manufacture of coke and the small coke
called breezes, herein-before described, that is to say, crushing or reducing to
powder the coal from which the coke or breezes are to be manufactured, and
mixing with the powdered coal lime or chalk or other calcareous substance,
which on being heated yields lime, and after exposing the coal so treated to
the coking process, or to decomposition in gas retorts, quenching the coke
while at a red heat with a large quantity of water, so as to remove from the
coke the sulphide and "phosphide of calcium formed by the combination of any
sulphur or phosphorus in the coal with the calcium of the lime.
Secondly, the improvements in the manufacture of coal gas, herein-before
described, that is to say, manufacturing coal gas free or nearly free from
sulphur by crushing or reducing to powder the coal from which the coal gas
is to be manufactured, and mixing with the powdered coal lime or chalk or
other calcareous substance which on being heated yields lime, and exposing
the coal so treated to heat in the gas retorts.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Shaw, have hereunto set my
. hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
7, Cannon Street,
Birmingham.
GEORGE SHAW. (L.S.)