IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVER MACHINES FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
10th August 1864.-A communication from abroad by Cesar Brodelet,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVER MACHINES FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
Figure 1 is a vertical elevation, Figure 2 a vertical section, Figure 3 a
longitudinal section, and Figure 4 a plan of one of these machines.
A, A, are standards secured on a frame. The standards are kept in place
near the top by a cross beam a, they are hollowed out at b, b¹, to form curved
slots, and are armed with projections c, c¹; B, horizontal shafts; C, C¹, beam
or lever formed with a boss at the centre and fixed on the shaft B. A hole is
formed at each end of the beam a d, d'; D is a beam fixed on the shaft B
parallel to the beam C, C, it is hollowed out to form a third hollow.
arm at its end f; E, E', is a bearer formed of two parallel parts, kept separated
by a cross bar g. These two parts are hollowed out at h, h', and are pressed
against the shafts i, i, provided with rollers j, j, j, j, which enter the,
b, 61; F is a tie, connected to the beam D by a pin l, which enters a groove
in the arm f; it is forked at its two ends to be hinged to the rods m, m',.
which are connected at e, e', to the ends of the beam D; G, G¹, locking levers.
grooves

page_text: with deep notches n, n'. They are traversed towards the top by a pin o, o¹,
enlarged at its centre, through which it rests upon the grooves h, h', of the
bearer E. They are also traversed near the bottom by an axis P, which
enlarged at its centre completes the connection of F with the rods m, m';
H, H, levers forming cranked shafts at their centre g, g¹, which oscillate upon
the bearings c, cl, of the standards A. The parallel arms of these levers
are connected at their upper ends by a shaft p, p', enlarged at its centre, and
again reduced to receive the rollers 8, 8, which enter the notches n, n¹, in the
levers G, G¹, they are pressed together at their lower end by the cross bars t, t¹,
and are prolongued in the form of a hollow curve u, u¹; I, I, movable
supports or pendulum. The two parts composing the pendulum press against
and oscillate upon the lugs v, v, on the standards A, A; they are kept apart
by the cross bars x, x³, form one body, which receives a shaft y and is
connected at u, u¹, by the blocks z, z, with the levers H, H¹. J, jointed
connecting rod forming body with the shaft y; it carries at one end a small
shaft a thinned at both ends, which may be furnished with a key.
Motion. Figure 3. Impulse being given at d, end of the beam C, the shaft
B will turn and the parts B, e, B, f, of the beam D will describe the arc of a
circle, carrying in this descending movement the lever G, which in pressing its
pin O into h, h¹, of E, E', will make this part of the bearer descend into the
slide b, while the roller j" of the shaft i of the opposite part E", E, will riso
in the slide b¹, then the rollers s, s¹, of the resisting arm H, H', will turn upon
their axis r and press against the inside of the notch n, n, of G, G', which will
descend, and the lower part of the arm H, H¹, connected at u, u¹, z, z¹, with
the pendulum I will push this latter, which will draw the connecting rod J
through the shaft y. The centre of the motion Figure 1 being attained, the
rollers s, s', s1, 81, will be about to enter into the notches n, n¹, n", n, of
G, G, G, G, but the first 8, s, will be just leaving n, n', while s", s, will
enter into n¹¹, n, of G", G, while the rollers j, j, of i, i, E, E, will con-
tinue to fall into b, and the others j", j, of 1, 2, E", E, to rise in b'.
The end of the arm C having reached its greatest height, the other arm d
will have fallen to an equal extent, and all the organs of the machine will have
assumed a position inverse to that shewn at Figure 3. If in this new position
d', C', is not maintained,, if on the contrary impulse is given to it, the motion
will begin again.
By the foregoing arrangement and combination of levers the given resis-
tance is very much reduced, for it only consists in the pulling and pushing
alternately effected from P, P¹, to e, e', resulting from the tension of the shaft o,o',
in the grooves h, h', and the friction of the rollers in the notches in the

page_text: be set
levers G, G. Whether of large or small dimensions, this machine may.
in motion by any prime mover; it may be combined with the new machines
hereafter indicated.
Transformation of the motion.-Figure 5 is a vertical plan; Figure 6,
horizontal plan; Figure 7, vertical section.
A, A, standards; B; connecting rod, representing the rod J of the machine.
before described, or depending upon another apparatus. It is provided at one
end with a shaft a, thinned at both ends, which may be fitted with a key or
nut. C, C, discs grooved at b, c, and carrying internal and external projec-
tions d, e, the latter bent at right angles; D, D', arms hollowed at the centre,
and connected at 6 with the discs to form one with them through the joint;
E, E', pauls supported at f, f¹, by the standards A. The upper pauls E, E¹,
admit only of being raised, while the lower pauls E", E, admit only of being
lowered; F, F, shafts revolving horizontally in bearings supported by the
standards A, A'. These shafts are fitted with washers g, g', screwed or keyed
on so as to rest upon an enlargement finishing in a. rim equal to the diameter
of the washer. Upon this enlargement of the shafts, and between these
shoulders, the disc needles are connected and supported. G, G¹, crank arms
fixed upon the shafts F, F; they are cranked at their ends or furnished with
a stud, the end of which entering the slot c in the discs.is retained by a screw
washer. The shafts F, F', should be prolongued and rest upon bearings.
Outside of these bearings, the shafts may have a fly wheel keyed on them, or
a toothed-wheel gearing into a pinion, upon the shaft of which the fly wheel
is keyed. At the moment of the connecting rod B is about commencing its
return stroke, Figure 7, the cranks e, e¹, of the needle discs C, D, C, D³, hav-
ing raised the upper pauls E, E¹, are prevented by them from returning. The
sudden transition of the push to the pull of the rod B is assisted, and it will
be the more so in proportion to the greater distance the cranks e, e, are carried
from the axes F, F, for in drawing from 6, 6, the power is carried to C, C¹³,
without this effort being injurious to the shafts F, F', and the distance from F
to G, e, being greater than the length of the arm G, the traction of the con-
necting rod is favored. When after having drawn, the connecting rod B is to
be set for pushing, it will have caused the pauls E", E, to descend, whereby
the cranks e, e¹, will be stopped, and circular motion is aided instead of being
stopped. In any movement of the connecting rod, as soon as the needle D
leaves the horizontal for one side or the other, it becomes a lever upon the
shaft F, which is its fulcrum, and that of the arm G, thus the transformation
of a to-and-fro into a circular motion meets with no further obstacles, and the
fly wheel adds its centrifugal power to the practical effect of this new system.

page_text: Lever machine worked by hand power.-Figure 8. is an elevation; Figure 9,
a section; Figure 10, longitudinal section of part; Figures 11 and 12, sections
of other parts of this machine.
A, A, A, A, A, standards united by cross bars a, a, a, a¹¹¹, all, all
The inner standard A is in the form of a cross; B, B', iron plates; C, C¹,
excentric levers hollowed out and traversed by a stout pin b, b'. They are con-
nected to the end of the arms of one of the standards through a stud c, and
are capable of to-and-fro motion for one-half of their circumference. D, D',
shafts revolving in bearings carried by the standards; E, E', E", E, crank
arms fixed on the shaft D, D¹, with their handles d, d, d", d; F, F, F", F,
wheels on the shafts D, D', they are grooved a portion of their circumference
to receive the links e, e¹, el, el, Figures 9. and 10. G is a horizontal shaft
prolongued to unite with the mechanism described with reference to Figures 1,
2, 3, and 4, or with any other apparatus. H is a beam or lever, the arms of.
which are fixed parallel on the shaft G, and are connected. by pins to the
excentric C, C¹. If four men apply their power to the four crank handles the
four wheels will make half a revolution, the first F, F", in descending, the
other two F, F, in ascending. In these movements the links e, e", will push,
the others e, e, will pull, the pins 6, 6', of the excentric C, C, which will carry
with them the arms of the beam H, which represents that indicated by the
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Figures 15, 16, and 17 are views of apparatus for moving the lever machine-
by means of two columns of water.
Figures 18 and 19 are views of a different arrangement of the lever
machine.