matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BIRD CAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1869.
I, MATTHEW WILSON, of No. 15, Wellington Street, in the Borough
of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BIRD CAGES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an outward frame attached to the cage made
of wood, wire, or any other suitable material. This frame is attached to
the cage by means of spring clips or by pulleys and weights, the object
of such frame being to prevent a cat or any other animal from getting
at the bird or birds in the cage to which the said frame is so attached.
Another mode is by making the outward frame attached to the cage
moveable, but so as to act upon a spring in connection with an alarum
or bell. In either case the frame is made to traverse round the cage so
that the bird can be fed without removing the frame.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND POR GLAZING OR FINISHING' LINEN-FACED PAPER USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Simmonds and
Ebenezer Bell Moreland at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th February 1869.
We, THOMAS HENRY SIMMONDS, of Great Mitchell Street, St. Luke's,
in the County of Middlesex, Paper Box Manufacturer, and EBENEZER
BELL MORELAND, of Bartholomew Close, in the City of London, Collar
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED COMPOUND POR GLAZING OR FINISHING' LINEN-FACED PAPER USED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved compound to be applied for
"finishing or glazing linen-faced paper used in the manufacture of
collars, cuffs, shirt fronts, for maps, luggage labels, and other purposes.
The ingredients of this compound are common starch and what is
known as "satin" (which consists chiefly of ground French chalk), size,
glue, and water in the following proportions:-
Starch in solution about 25 parts.
** Satin "
Size
Glue
25 parts.
12 parts.
12 parts.

page_text: It will be understood that we prefer to use the ingredients in the
above proportions, although they may be varied if desired. The in-
gredients, after being reduced to a liquid condition by the addition of
a sufficient amount of hot water, are mixed together, and in this
condition applied in any suitable manner on the material to be glazed
or finished.
In order to render the compound more applicable for use on linen-
faced paper preparatory to its being used for printing purposes we add
to the above ingredients the following substances in equal proportions :---
China clay, spermaceti, wax, cremnitz, white enamel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MINERAL OILS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Carnegie Kirk at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1869.
I, ALEXANDER CARNEGIE KIRK, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MINERAL OILS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the reduction of the specific gravity
of the heavier portions of paraffin and other mineral oils, and consists
in distilling them in a still of any convenient known construction, and
in causing the vapor as it leaves the still to issue at a high velocity
through a contracted orifice or orifices by forming a partial vacuum in
the condenser or in the pipe leading from the still. This may be con-
veniently effected either by pumps or by what is known as an ejector
condenser.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th January 1809.-A communication from abroad by
Joseph Beziat, of 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris, France.
I, OLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in the application to velocipedes having two,
three, or more wheels of mechanism for the purpose of enabling them
to travel with greater rapidity than when the driving wheels are acted
upon directly by the feet of the operator.
This mechanism consists of a train of cog wheels, of which in the
caso of velocipedes of three wheels ono is fixed to the frame and the
other to the axle of the driving wheels, whilst in the case of velocipedes
having only two wheels the first cog wheel is fixed on the frame and
the second and smaller cog wheel is fixed on the axle of the front wheel
of the velocipede. In all cases the oporator acts upon the larger of

page_text: two geared wheels, the smaller of which is rigidly connected with the
driving wheel or wheels. There results consequently an increase of
speed for the velocipede in comparison with that of the operator's legs.
In its application my mechanism is capable of variation, the simplest
form being that of a pair of gearing with larger and smaller wheels;
but I propose if required to introduce any number of wheels between
these or to connect them by cranks and connecting rods, provided that
the ultimate object of increasing the speed of the driving wheels be
attained. I propose also in certain cases to joint those portions of the
frame on which the bearings of my gear are placed and to connect them
with elastic material, so that the carriage shall have the power of
adapting itself to the movements of the operator and to the irregularities
of the road.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES AND BAGATELLE TABLES BY WHICH BALLS MAY BE SENT OR RETURNED TO EITHER END THEREOF OTHERWISE THAN ALONG THE SURFACE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thornton Bintley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1869.
I, JOHN THORNTON BINTLEY, of Kendal, in the County of Westmor-
land, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES AND BAGATELLE TABLES BY WHICH
BALLS MAY BE SENT OR RETURNED TO EITHER END THEREOF OTHERWISE THAN
ALONG THE SURFACE," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to billiard tables and bagatelle tables, has
for its object the application to any such tables at present made or
hereafter to be made of a trough or an inclined plane, by which the
balls may be sent or returned from the pockets of such tables to a tray
or other receptacle fixed to a suitable part of such tables for the purpose
of receiving them. For this purpose I fix at the sides of such tables
a trough fixed and inclined in such manner that the balls dropping into
any of the pockets will fall into such trough and travel along the same
into the aforesaid tray or receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Blackwood Couper at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th July 1869.
I, JAMES BLACKWOOD COUPER, the younger, of Dunfermline, in the
County of Fife, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates essentially to the construction of horse-shoes
partly of metal and partly of vulcanised or non-vulcanised india-rubber,
caouthouc, or other similar material. The shoes are formed chiefly of
the india-rubber or similar material, but in order to insure a better
support to the hoof and to give rigidity to the shoe an open frame of
metal is used, on both the upper and under sides of which the india-
rubber is fixed, so that the hoof rests on a pad of the india-rubber all
round, thus giving a soft bearing to the hoof, while the under layer of
india-rubber gives a better foothold than the ordinary metal shoe. The
metal is formed of the proper width for the shoe,.but the central part is
left open all round except at the curve or bend of the shoe on each side,

page_text: where it is strengthened by cross bars, and the space or spaces thus left
is or are filled with solid india-rubber or other elastic material, the upper
and under sides of the metal being as it were overlapped by the flange
or extended portion of the india-rubber. The metal frame is formed with
the requisite number of holes to admit of its being nailed to the hoof in
the ordinary manner, the nails passing through the upper layer of elastic
material, and thus attaching both the metal and its covering securely to
the hoof.
It is to be understood that the metal frame is made in one piece, but
the india-rubber may be applied in several pieces, so that the parts
subjected to the greatest wear can be removed and replaced by new
material when desired; or the shoe may be made of one solid piece of
india-rubber or other suitable material, and a groove cut in it hori-
zontally all round the outer edge, into which groove a rim or frame of
metal may be inserted for the purpose of making the shoe sufficiently
rigid and for enabling the whole to be securely nailed to the hoof.
A SAW-HARDENING FURNACE, STEAM BOILERS, AND BREWING PANS TO CONSUME ITS OWN SHOKE AND SAVE FUEL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rodgers at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1869.
I, JOHN RODGERS, of No. 87, Hereford Street, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Builder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A SAW-HARDENING FURNACE, STEAM BOILERS, AND BREWING
PANS TO CONSUME ITS OWN SHOKE AND SAVE FUEL," to be as follows:-
To work by three cold air flues consisting of pipes to pass under
the bed of the furnace into a chamber and pass over bridges into the
furnace. The firing hole is of the ordinary construction and the hot air
passes over a bridge into a cavity, and is there met by cold air which is
admitted through pipes, and thence passes along the furnace to the
chimney at the other end, thereby distributing an equal heal over the
whole area of the furnace, and also consumes its own smoke.
AN IMPROVED LIFT FOR RAISING AND LOWERING MERCHANDIZE AND WEIGHTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Philipp
Bogler and Heinrich Kayser, both of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LIFT FOR RAISING AND
LOWERING MERCHANDIZE AND WEIGHTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS," a communication
to me from abroad by Philipp Bogler and Heinrich Kayser, both of
Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, to be as follows:-
The improved lift consists of four columns of wood or iron corresponding
in height to the hotel or other building or locality wherein it is used,
the said columns being firmly secured at top and bottom and having
slides at each of their inner corners or sides to enable the landing stages
of the lift and the frame in which they are placed to slide up and down.
In the lower landing stage or in any other convenient part of the lift
is firmly secured a nut, in which works a screw revolved by levers or
bevil wheels from below the structure, so that by turning the said screw

page_text: persons, merchandize, or other weights may be securely raised or lowered
from one storey of a building to another with great comfort and little
or no risk. It is preferred for heavy weights that the screw should be
of a coarse pitch and have a square thread.
This improved lift is applicable for raising and lowering persons,
luggage, and other weights in a hotel or private house, for raising and
lowering merchandize in warehouses, quays, and other places, and for
every other purpose for which cranes and other lifting implements are
now employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Hoare at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1869.
I, GEORGE HENRY HOARE, of Southampton Row, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in velocipedes. For
this purpose instead of placing the wheels of bicycles in a line one before
the other I place one wheel at a little distance on one side and the other
at a little distance on the other side of the central line, by which means
a bicycle or velocipede is enabled to stand by itself without any other
support. The two wheels are connected together by a light iron or steel
bar or frame having fixed thereto a spring seat or saddle as usual, and
instead of driving by means of cranks or treadles fixed direct to the front
wheel I mount the cranks or treadles upon a grooved wheel placed
intermediate of the bearing wheels, motion being communicated to one
of such wheels by a gut or band passing around the grooved wheel before
mentioned, and around another grooved wheel carried by the axle of one

page_text: of the bearing wheels or fixed to the side of such wheel, the saddle being
placed in a suitable position to enable the rider by his feet to act upon
the cranks or treadles. The grooved wheels I prefer to form with two
or more different sized wheels so as to obtain facility for using different
powers and speeds as required. This mode of driving is also applicable
to other descriptions of velocipedes. The axis of the steering wheel is
cranked so as to be capable of turning in a vertical socket, and the
upper end of the cranked axis hins fixed thereto a suitable lever handle
passing back to a convenient position to be grasped by the hand of the
rider, and such lever is provided with a pin or projection to enter a 1
suitable recess formed in a piece carried by the frame when it is required
to run in a straight course.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Tobin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1869.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TOBIN, of The Royal Polytechnic Institution,
309, Regent Street, London, W., Architect, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Certain gases are liberated in many chemical arrangements for the
generation of voltaic electricity; the quantities of these gases under like
conditions in connected similar arrangements are equal to each other.
By means of air-tight chambers, to be hereafter described in detail, I
generate and register the quantities of these gases, and employ such as
a means of signalling through any electric conductor or conductors.
The object of this Invention is the employment of the liberated gas
in registering prearranged signals from place to place in air-tight
chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS AND REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1869.
I, JAMES HENDERSON, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS AND REFRIGERATORS,',
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to means for preventing the risk of fracture
to which ordinary surface condensers and refrigerators are exposed in
consequence of great and sudden changes of temperature in the casings,
and the said means render available a large and efficient surface
hitherto not utilised for condensing, and also prevent leakage of air.
The improvements consist in entirely surrounding an ordinary con-
denser or refrigerator with water spaces, and may be carried out in
practice by making the condenser with double casings or shells and by
admitting part of the condensing or cooling water between such shells..
The Invention is most conveniently applicable to surface condensers
of the kind fitted with tubes through which the water passes whilst the

page_text: steam surrounds them, but it may also be adopted in those in which
the steam is inside of the tubes and the water outside, and in the latter
case there will be three shells or casings, water being between the
outermost and the second, and steam between the second and innermost.
The condensing or cooling water may be made to pass through by
pumps in the ordinary way, or in the case of steam ships the inlet and
outlet passages communicating with the outside of the ship may be
arranged with their external apertures facing forward and aft re-
spectively, so that the motion of the vessel will induce a current through
the apparatus. Or the necessary change and circulation of the
condensing or cooling, water may be effected by revolving fans or screws
inside the apparatus in spaces formed for them in the casings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Maybury, George
Matthews, and Edward Marston, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th May 1869.
We, EDWARD MAYBURY, GEORGE MATTHEWS, and EDWARD MARSTON,
all of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the furnaces employed in the manufacture
of wrought iron and steel, ordinarily known as puddling furnaces, and
consists of improvements in the construction of the side walls sur-
rounding or partially surrounding the hearths or bottoms of the said
furnaces, the employment of which improvements enables us to lessen
the cost of maintenance, repairs, and fettling of the said furnaces, and
also to save some portion of the time ordinarily employed in such
operations.
In the working of a puddling furnace the walls surrounding the
furnace bottom are exposed to an intense heat, especially the lower
portions thereof, and it is customary to protect the said lower portions

page_text: of the said walls by means of fettling which is thrown in after each
heat or at other suitable intervals, the said fettling being rapidly
destroyed by the intense heat generated in the furnace.
In our improved furnace the hearth is surrounded or partially
surrounded by a hollow metal box or chamber through which water
is caused to circulate in order to keep the said box and the fettling
in immediate contact therewith comparatively cool.
In the arrangement which we have found to be suitable the said
box or chamber is formed of cast iron, rectangular in cross section,
and of a form suitable to the required shape of the bottom of the
furnace, the said chamber being of a sufficient size to extend entirely
around the furnace bottom or entirely around with the exception of the
space required for working the tools employed in the puddling process.
In order to carry the core in the mould when forming the casting
the said core is extended through the outer sides of the chamber at
suitable places, and the holes thus formed are afterwards closed with
metal plates. The chamber thus formed is kept full of water which
is admitted to one end of the chamber, and after flowing around the
furnace is allowed to pass out at the other end, suitable pipes being
fitted to the chamber to convey the water thereto and therefrom, which
are preferably fitted with cocks or valves to enable the flow of water
to be regulated. The fire-brick lining of a portion of the furnace and the
bridge rest upon the said chamber and the ordinary or suitable fettling
is applied thereto, it being found that the said fettling and also the
fire-brick lining are not so rapidly destroyed as is usual in the ordinary
furnaces. In some cases the water may be pumped through the said
chamber and utilized wholly or partially in the feeding of steam boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Gillham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1869.
I, FREDERICK GILLHAM, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD," to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention consists of an improved system of soft bands or strips
to be applied to the interior of hats, helmets, chako's, or other like
coverings for the head whereby the hat or other head covering, although
it may be made of rigid material, will at once accommodate itself to the
form of the head of the wearer without undue pressure on any particular
part, and at the same time insure ventilation. These improved bands
may be used to form the lining or substitute for the "leather," or may be
interposed between the "leather" or other lining and the body of the
hat, and may be attached and form the lining or a portion thereof, or
may be fastened to the lower portion of the interior of the "body," or
sewn or otherwise fastened on its lower edge only with the "leather" or
other lining. These improved elastic ventilating soft bands it is preferred

page_text: should be formed from vulcanized indian-rubber or other suitable elastic
material capable of being moulded or otherwise formed as herein-after
described. These improved bands it is proposed should run round the
interior of the front of the hat and extend backwards on each side about
one-third of the circumference or constitute a perfect zone round the
head. These improved bands it is proposed should be from (say) one
inch to one and a half inches in width and (say) about one-eighth of
an inch thickness. The bands on their longitudinal edges are formed
with the required curve or curves that they may lie flat within and be
brought down to the lower edge of the interior of the hat or other
covering for the head. These improved bands are moulded or otherwise
formed from vulcanized indian-rubber or other suitable elastic tissue,
the fabric being formed of a number of cells having hexagonal sides
resembling a honeycombe, which may be arranged horizontally or
vertically; or the band may be formed with a number of semi-spherical
projecting chambers, which it is preferred should be punctured to admit
the air to pass therethrough when pressed and when relieved of pressure;
or the band may be formed with a number of elastic projections inter-
spersed over one side of the surface thereof; or it may be formed with
a number of diamonds or other shaped passages or chambers of any
suitable form which will give elasticity, and at the same time the
required resistance with the use of the smallest amount of material; or
the band may be formed corrugated vertically, obliquely, or horizontally,
or with sponge-like pores.
An IMPROVED PACKING APPLICABLE FOR BUCKETS, PISTONS, AND STUFFING BOXES, AND FOR ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE PACKING IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Byrne and William Payne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th October 1869.
We, LUKE BYRNE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, India-
rubber Manufacturer, and WILLIAM PAYNE, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Engincer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED PACKING APPLICABLE FOR BUCKETS, PISTONS, AND STUFFING BOXES, AND
FOR ALL OTHER PURPOSES WHERE PACKING IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the band or ring which forms the packing has generally
consisted of a piece of india-rubber, gutta percha, or vulcanite, or these
severally combined.
Our improvement consists in strengthening this band or ring by
forming a groove in the inner or outer rim or surface, and inserting and
holding therein a band or strip of suitable metal. For the purpose
of giving the needful elasticity to our improved packing a scarf or
transverse cut or cuts is made therein, and the ring so cut is placed in
the bucket, stuffing box, piston, or other position where it is required.
When our improved packing is applied to lift pumps there are per-
forations cut in the upper rim or flange of the bucket. These, as will be

page_text: readily understood, are for the purpose of causing the packing of the
bucket to expand to its full extent during its up stroke, and lessening
in the greatest possible degree the friction during its down stroke.
When applied to force pumps the perforations just mentioned will be in
the bottom rim or flange of the bucket instead of the upper.
The compound packing herein described as our Invention, and con-
sisting partly of elastic material and partly of metal, we find to be fully
equal in strength to metallic packing with all the advantages of the
elastic packing now generally used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING GLANDS OF STEAM AND. OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Macguire at the Offico.
of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th.
December 1869.
I, THOMAS MACGUIRE, of 29, South Terrace, Inchicore, in the.
County of Dublin, Engine Driver, do hereby declare the nature of the.
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING GLANDS OF STEAM AND.
OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a steam-tight packing gland, by the use of
which considerable economy is effected in the cost of packing and a
reduction of friction is obtained..
According to this Invention the packing, whether metallic or other-
wise, will be forced against the surface of the piston or other sliding rod
by the action of the steam, air, or other elastic vapour employed on the
back of the packing, thereby making the gland steam-tight with a
minimum friction.
This improved gland dispenses. with the trouble and cost of the.
frequent packing hitherto necessary. The packing to be used with. the.
improved gland consists of metal segments, which are enclosed in an
india-rubber or steel belt contained within a chamber formed in the..

page_text: gland itself, and so arranged as to be pressed by the steam, air, or other
elastic vapour or gas acting behind the belt and segments (that is,
upon the side of the packing not in contact with the piston or valve
rod) through holes made in the gland, which holes are open to the
steam or air as the case may be, and may be varied in size as occasion
requires for the necessary pressure. The segments of the metal packing
are so formed that as they wear away the parts will move inwards and
continue to form a complete circle to the last.
Ax IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RE-WORKING WROUGHT IRON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Beanes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1869.
I, EDWARD BEANES, of Cordwalles, near Maidenhead, in the County of
Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RE-WORKING WROUGHT IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use of graphite in the
re-working of wrought iron, the graphite being caused to combine with
the iron while the latter is at a welding heat.
When building up a bloom of iron, such, for instance, as old rails that
have become deteriorated and are cut up for the purpose of re-working I
place the graphite in powder or otherwise between the pieces forming
the bloom; the bloom is then introduced into the furnace and brought to
a welding heat in the usual way and afterwards passed through the rolls.
I sometimes also sprinkle graphite over the heated iron while it is in the
furnace. The result will be an improved quality of iron owing to part
of the carbon of the graphite combining with the iron while it is in a
sufficiently heated state.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPYING INE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fredaric Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the
7th January 1869.
I, JOHN FREDERIC COOKE, of 105, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPYING INE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of
copying ink, by which a fac-simile of writing; can be obtained by
pressure of the paper written on against a sheet of copying paper
without the necessity of damping either, or of using a copying press
or roller. This ink also is so made that much more writing can be done
with it than with the same quantity of. ordinary ink. To make ink
possessing either or both of the properties above described I substitute
for from twenty to fifty per cent. of the quantity of water used in the
manufacture of ink the same volume of glycerine..
I also claim the right to substitute for glycerine in the manufacture
of this ink sugar, treacle, or chloride of calcium in solution in the same
proportions as the glycerine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gradwell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1869.
I, WILLIAM GRADWELL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of steam boiler whereby I
am enabled to increase the heating surface. For this purpose I place
a water chamber or chambers within the flue, consisting of one tube
placed within another, and which I call a case tube. Through the inner
and around the outer of these tubes the products of combustion pass,
and I connect the water chamber thus formed with the water in the
boiler. I also propose to place a series of tubes within the tube above
mentioned, but in this case the inner tube alluded to may be dispensed
with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS AND IN THE GEAR FOR FACILITATING THE WEIGHING AND BOARDING OF ANCHORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robert Augustus
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th May 1869.
I, FREDERICK ROBERT AUGUSTUS GLOVER, of Brading, in the Isle of
Wight, Master of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS AND IN THE GEAR FOR FACILITATING THE
WEIGHING AND BOARDING OF ANCHORS," to be as follows:--
The object of my Invention is to manipulate or handle anchors
with greater facility than heretofore, and to this end I attach to the
shank of the anchor at some point near the centre of gravity a chain
or painter, whereby the anchor may be lifted and turned on this centre
on which it may be suspended in equilibrium.
In carrying out my Invention and adapting it to existing anchors, I
propose to secure to a point on the shank near to the centre of gravity
a suitable fitting to receive the end of a chain or painter for handling
the anchor. This fitting must be provided with an eye or loop on each
side of the shank, so that the handling chain or painter may be hooked
on to either side as may be found most convenient.

page_text: In constructing new anchors provision may be made on the shank
for receiving the hooks at the end of the handling chain or painter,
with very little if any additional expense. It will only be necessary to
forge on the shank at the proper place a disc or feather, through which
may be made two or more holes, whereby the anchor may be suspended
from a hook on the painter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING ORES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sinnock and James:
Polglase at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with their.
Petition, on the 29th December 1869..
We, WILLIAM SINNOOK, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and JAMES POLGLASE, of Bodmin, in the County of Cornwall,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING ORES," to be as follows:---
This Invention consists in certain improved arrangements and, com
binations of mechanical appliances for crushing and pulverizing ores by:
means of the direct action of the motive power employed upon the stamp
heads, thus dispensing with the necessity for a great deal of the
machinery ordinarily used for such purposes, and thereby economising
the cost of construction and maintenance, whilst at the same time power
is gained by the absence of the friction inseparable from the employment
of intermediate gear. These objects are effected by connecting each of
the stamp heads (which are of the ordinary kind) with a steam cylinder
and adapting it with its piston for the stamp head lifter, so that any
suitable length of stroke can be obtained, and any amount of percussive

page_text: action employed in rapid succession, according to the amount of motive
power which is applied. By means of these arrangements a "dead"
blow is obtained at every stroke of the stamp heads, and the necessity
for "spalling" the ore is entirely avoided. The requisite valve gearing
may be actuated in any suitable manner, as will be well understood by
persons conversant with such mechanism. The use of steam as a motive
power is preferred, but any other suitable motive power capable of being
applied in a direct manner to the stamp, heads may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA AND FLOUR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Bagshawe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1869.
I, JOHN JAMES BAGSHAWE, of Thames Steel Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA AND FLOUR," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the formation of rollers composed of a series
of circular discs or cylinders of steel or other metal, and fastening the
same on a central shaft or spindle, thus forming a roller of any desired
length and diameter, for the purpose of manufacturing semolina or flour,
the said discs or cylinders being fluted or grooved where required for
more effectually operating upon the grain or semolina.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1869.
I, JAMES HALL, of Staines Road, Hounslow Heath, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to construct horse-shoes in. such
manner that spikes or projections may readily be adapted to them in
slippery weather. For this purpose I drill or bore holes into a horse-
shoe and close up such holes with a metal plug screwed into them so
that the shoe resembles an ordinary horse-shoe. In slippery weather
these plugs can quickly be unscrewed from the shoe and screws carrying
sharp metal points can be screwed into their place. The screw plugs
are each made with a deep slot across it so that as the shoe and the
screw plugs screwed into it are worn away by use there shall always
be a slot across the screw plug by which it may be screwed out with an
ordinary screw driver.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING OR PROMOTING THE VENTILATION OF ROOMS OR BUILDINGS, AND POR PREVENTING DOWN DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Potts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1869.
I, WILLIAM POTTS, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING OR PROMOTING THE VENTILATION OF
ROOMS OR BUILDINGS, AND POR PREVENTING DOWN DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of the apparatus herein-after described, which
said apparatus may either be fixed on the roof of a building in order to
withdraw the heated or foul air therefrom, or on a chimney, or on the
pot or terminal thereof in order to prevent down draught.
The said apparatus consists of a conical cap or cowl surmounted by a
vane, which said cap or cowl turns on a central spindle or axis fixed in a
tube or chimney terminal, the upper end of which is made of a funnel
shape in order to promote the escape of the hot air or smoke. On the
windward side of the cap or cowl is formed a curtain or windguard
which extends half way round the said cap or cowl, and prevents the

page_text: wind from blowing into the said cap or cowl between the lower edge
thereof and the upper edge of the funnel-shaped portion of the tube or
terminal aforesaid. The said cap or cowl is so mounted as to leave space
between its lower edge and the upper edge of the funnel-shaped portion
of the said tube or terminal for the escape to leeward of the hot air or
smoke; and in order to facilitate such escape the lee side of the cowl is
made slightly larger than the weather side, and an opening or openings
surmounted by a hood or by hoods respectively is or are made in the said
lee side of the cowl in the conical roof thereof. A vertical diaphragm is
fixed in the said conical roof at a right angle to the vane aforesaid, and
divides the cap or cowl into two parts, through one of which the hot air
or smoke passes, the other part being closed in by the diaphragm aforc-
said and a horizontal semicircular plate, the edges of which are soldered
or otherwise affixed to the said diaphragm and cowl so as to prevent the
wind from blowing into that part.
The apparatus described may either be fixed over an aperture formed
in the roof of a building or room in order to remove hot or foul air
therefrom, or on a chimney, or on the pot or terminal thereof, in order to
prevent downward currents of air from entering the said chimney. In
either case the action of the said apparatus will be the same, that is to
say, the vane on the cowl will keep the open side thereof to leeward and
the closed and curtained side to windward, and the escaping hot air or
smoke will thus be protected from the wind.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holt Lloyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1869..
I, THOMAS HOLT LLOYD, of Stockport, in the County of Chester,.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES," to be as follows:-
upon
the
This Invention has for its object the construction of a safety valve
which shall present a larger area of opening for the escape of steam or
other fluid than has hitherto been practicable without having a much
larger valve, which necessitates very heavy weighting or loading; and at
the same time such larger valve has a tendency to "ride"
steam that is escaping from it, and to be less sensitive in action.
Now this Invention consists in the use and application to safety
valves of two or more concentric ground surfaces instead of a single one as.
hitherto, the steam pressure being exerted between such surfaces and being
allowed either to escape at one or both; this is effected either by having
a cylindrical casing or frame with side passages communicating with the
boiler and a narrow annular ground surface or flange round its top and
bottom, such casing being surrounded with an open topped cylindrical

page_text: cover of larger diameter which forms the valve, and arranged so that the
steam can exert pressure upon an internal flange surrounding its top.
This cover is weighted or loaded, and immediately it is raised off its
seatings the steam can escape at its open top and also at the bottom, thus
letting off the overplus and immediately closing the aperture again. Or
a safety valve may be constructed according to this Invention with two
valves or a piston and a valve on one spindle fitted into a chamber
having two openings, one at the top and the other at the bottom, closed
by such valves, so that the steam can exert pressure between them, the
one valve being larger than the other valve or piston, and being weighted
or loaded according to the pressure required.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN FITTINGS FOR WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bowman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1869.
I, JOSEPH BOWMAN, of Peasholme Green, in the City of York, Cabinet
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN FITTINGS FOR WINDOW BLINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fittings for window
blinds.
In window blinds where the blind is wound up on a roller mounted
at the upper part of the window frame, it is common to mount on
the axis of the roller a ratchet wheel, into which a pawl takes so as to
prevent the blind running down with its own weight, although the roller
may, as it should do, revolve very freely in winding up the blind; then
to admit of the blind being drawn down the ratchet wheel has been so
mounted on the axis of the roller that the axis can turn without the
ratchet wheel, but with a certain amount of friction sufficient to prevent
the blind running down with its own weight; this friction is produced by
a spring interposed between the cap at the end of the roller and a diso

page_text: formed on the side of the ratchet wheel. In this arrangement there is
no means of regulating the friction to suit the weight of the blind, and
consequently it has to be in all cases considerably in excess of the
requirement. According to my Invention I obtain a means of regulating
the friction as may be required by modifying the arrangement in the
following manner:-I mount a ratchet wheel on the stud or pivot on
which the roller turns as tho blind is drawn up, a pawl carried by the
roller then runs over the teeth of the ratchet, and when the blind is
raised to the height required by dropping between the teeth of the wheel
prevents the blind running back. This pivot has a disc at its end, which
is nipped and held between two levers joimted to the blind frame; these
levers are at their lower ends connected together by a screw, and by
turning this screw the levers can be made to nip the disc on the stud or
pivot with any described amount of pressure. When the blind is drawn
down the stud or pivot turns on the grasp of the levers, which are so
adjusted as to offer just the necessary amount of resistance to the
rotation of the stud or pivot with its ratchet wheel and the blind roller
which is held to it by the pawl; for in this arrangement the ratchet
wheel rotates as the blind is drawn down, whereas in the ordinary
arrangement it is then held stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BOTTLES, JARS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES AIR AND LIQUID TIGHT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Dee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1869.
I, HENRY WILLIAM DEE, of the Firm of H. W. and L. Dee, of
Sherwood Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturing Jewellers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BOTTLES, JARS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES AIR AND
LIQUID TIGHT," to be as follows:-
This Invention is chiefly applicable to scent bottles and drinking
flasks, but can be employed for all kinds of bottles, jars, and other
similar articles wherein the contents are required to be kept air and
liquid tight. It has heretofore been the practice to make the necks of
scent and other similar bottles with a groove or grooves or inclined
projections on them, in or on which pins or studs on the top or cap have
been made to run, and by the inclinations of the grooves or projections
when turned by the hand the top or cap is brought into contact with the
mouth of the bottle for the purpose of making it air and liquid tight.
With the above arrangements it has been found that when the bottle or

page_text: other article to which the top or cap has been secured has been subjected
to concussions or shaking movements, the pressure or weight of the
contents acts upon the cap and loosens it, whereby a leakage either of
the perfume or of the liquid takes place.
Now my Invention consists in making grooves or channels in the neck
of the bottle or in a collar fitting over the neck in such a manner that
when the top or cap is forcibly pressed over the mouth and turned
partly round by the hand, the pressure of a spring within the head of
the top or cap shall cause it to move upwards, and to bring the pins or
studs into grooves or notches made at right angles to the grooves or
channels before mentioned. By this arrangement the top or cap cannot
become loose whatever concussions or shakings the bottle is subjected
to, and consequently there is no leakage or loss of perfume or liquid
from it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBON OILS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Scott and William
Mac Ivor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st September 1869.
We, ROBERT SCOTT, of Addiewell, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Manager to Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil
Company, Limited, and WILLIAM MAC IVOR, Chemist, of the same Place,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBON OILS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the treatment of hydrocarbon oils, such as
coal or shale oils, paraffin oils, and petroleum, either in the crude or more
or less refined state; and it has for its object the reducing of the specific
gravity and otherwise improving the qualities of such oils. The oil to
be treated is put into any ordinary still and distilled, and the vapour
escaping therefrom during the distillation is passed through one or more
heating vessels or chambers and there exposed to the heat necessary to
produce the change. The heating vessels or chambers may be made of
metal, clay, or any other material adapted to endure the heat, and they
may be made of any desired form, or they may be constituted of a coil of
metal pipes or a series of tubes such as are used for heating air for blast

page_text: furnaces. The vapour from the oil may also be passed into a vessel and
there made to come in contact with superheated steam of sufficient
temperature to produce the change. By this process hydrocarbon oils
of any given specific gravity may be converted into oils. of a less
specific gravity, a large proportion of the original oil operated upon under-
going this change. For example, the heavy paraffin or petroleum oils
which are unfit for burning oils, and which in consequence cannot
readily be disposed of, may be thus converted into burning oils and
thereby made marketable. The temperature of the heating vessels or
chambers should be regulated so as to produce the maximum amount of
light oils; if the temperature is kept too low little change takes place,
and if too high more or less permanent gas is formed.
After being
superheated the vapour is conducted to a condenser or refrigerator of the
usual or other form. The heating vessels or chambers of whatever form
may be placed in a bath of melted metal, such as lead or zinc, heated
to the necessary temperature. The treatment herein-before described
may also be applied to the vapour of the crude oil in the process of
distillation from coal or shale.