matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlos Clamond at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
CHARLES CLAMOND, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Paris, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SKATING RINKS."
The object of my Invention is to obtain a surface of ice, produced by refrigerating
apparatus for skating rinks, and it is chiefly attained by bringing a cold producing
liquid into direct contact with soft water.
I form a skating rink with a perfectly level floor made impermeable by bitumen
or any other cement. Upon the perimeter of the rink I form a rim of sufficient
height to hold the liquid. A series of parallel partitions as closely placed together
as desirable divides the rink into parallel bands; these partitions may be of metal
or not, and their ends lead into two transverse conduits, through one of which the
refrigerating liquid arrives, and into the other of which it passes after having
circulated throughout all the partitions. Upon these partitions I place a metallic
grating forming a continuous surface of metallic cloth.
Conveniently placed to the rink is a cold producing machine, in which a liquid
not easily congealable, such as a solution of chloride of calcium or glycerine, is
brought to a temperature beneath that of ice. This liquid is then sent through the
conduit into the partitions of the rink, and returns through the other conduit into
the cold producing machine to be again refrigerated. The orifices of these conduits
are so arranged that the level of the refrigerating liquid just touches the surface of
the metallic cloth; and these orifices are provided with valves by which they may
be closed independently of one another, so that the circulation of the refrigerating
liquid may be stopped at any moment.
When the liquid is sufficiently cold the circulation is stopped, and a very fine
rain of soft water allowed to descend upon the surface by means of an ajutage or a
current of compressed air, or by other means. The water arriving in fine drops into
contact with the refrigerating liquid immediately congeals upon the surface of the
latter, and a thin surface of ice is formed, to which the meshes of the metallic cloth
give solidity.
When the ice has acquired.a certain solidity the circulation of the refrigerating

page_text: liquid is recommenced, and a uniform layer of water is poured upon the whole
surface, which becoming congealed gives ice of sufficient thickness and uniformity of
surface.
I may form a rink by having the metal cloth or partitions with blocks of ice of
sufficient thickness, filling up the interstices with water and freezing as before.
In some cases I can dispense with the metallic cloth.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1876. A communication
from abroad by Albert Alexandre Boutigny, of Liancourt (Oise), France,
Bootmaker.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS
AND SHOES." A communication from abroad by Albert Alexandre Boutigny, of
Liancourt (Oise), France, Bootmaker.
Attempts have long been made to preserve the toe part of children's boots and
shoes, and metal caps have been employed with this object. But these caps made
of sheet iron, copper, or other metal cut the upper, and are not strong enough to
resist the blows to which the toe of a boot or shoe is constantly subjected. Further,
mud and dust lodge between the leather upper and the metal cap, which spoils the
appearance of the boot or shoe and necessitates frequent change.
The object of this Invention is to substitute in lieu of these boots and shoes with
metallic caps which cause suffering to so many people, and especially to children,
double caps with block toe "bout mufle," as herein-after described.
The double cap of this Invention while giving a handsomer appearance to the
boot or shoe is also cheaper by reason of its strength and consequent durability.
This system is applicable to every kind of boot or shoe, whether nailed, or pegged,
or sewn, and there will never be any danger of the toes being hurt by these block
toe caps, which the big toe pushes back if it is cramped.
Method of Proceeding.-A leather cap is placed on the last (either with the upper
or a toe piece), the boot or shoe is set up, and then the operation follows according
to the style to be given to it, single, double, or treble sole.
For single soles a leather cap is placed on the outside up to any desired height,
that is to say, in proportion to the size of the boot or shoe, and the top of this cap
will be riveted with small copper or other metal rivets or screws which will
ornament it by their brightness.
The inner and outer caps will be riveted to the leather leg or upper which will be
in the middle upon the last, and this latter will be shod with iron.

page_text: The operation is the same for double and treble soles, and the outer cap may
form part of one or other of the soles, but it will be better in every case that the
cap be a separate piece.
For sewn boots and shoes instead of riveting with nails or screws a stitching
showing little yellow stitches may be made, or any desired stitching.
ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Walder at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1876.
JAMES WALDER, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex.
ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
According to my Invention the body of the roller skate is composed of it metal
sole plate, beneath which are two parallel metal plates attached edgewise to the sole
plate and braced rigidly together by means of stays. All the parts of the body are
perforated for the sake of lightness. Between the side plates are mounted either
three or four wood rollers placed one behind the other lengthwise of the sole plate, and
on the outside of each of said plates are mounted cither one or two pairs of rollers
with rounded peripheries to facilitate turning. The roller at the toe is also similarly
rounded with the same object. The roller at the heel is partly encircled by a steel
band, which acts as a brake for stopping or checking the speed, the said brake
being put in tension by the skater pressing down the heel part of the sole plate.
which is made of thin mictal for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heber Mardon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1876.
HEBER MARDON, of 4, Milk Street, Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, Printer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
The improvements have reference to machinery intended more particularly for
printing numbers and series thereof, but they are also applicable to the printing of
the days of the week or months, years, names, or to any one or more words or
sentences which it is desired to alter, repeat, and vary from time to time and print
in series without disturbing the rest of the type and chase.
The improvements consist in the construction of frames with spaces or channels
for the purposes of receiving and allowing to work therein certain spindles having
one or more flat surfaced metal or wood wheels keyed thereon, said wheels being
fashioned type height, and with raised or sunk devices on facets on their circum-
ferential surfaces. And in turning one or more of said spindles, and thereby
changing one or more of their wheels and their surface devices, as may be desired,
by means of convenient spured gearing fixed at the side, or in other position of the
said frame; also in furnishing said gearing and spindles with a check movement,
and certain slide rests for the said spindles when necessary.
The improvements may be made wholly of metal or of metal and wood combined.
IMPROVED TRICYCLE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hudson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
GEORGE HUDSON, of Wokingham, in the County of Berks, Gentleman.
IMPROVED TRICYCLE."
"AN
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved tricycle, the object
being to combine with the advantages of an ordinary bicycle that of a light car or
lounge for ladies' use.
To carry out my Invention I construct a car of light proportions, and somewhat
of the shape of a lounge for a lady's boudoir, and mounted on a pair of light
wheels. To the front of the car is suitably attached a wheel similar to the front
wheel of a bicycle, and provided with cranks and saddle for driving the same, or
the car may be arranged so as to receive the front wheel of any ordinary bicycle,
suitable couplings or connections being provided for the purpose.
By this arrangement a lady seated in the car can be easily driven by a person on
the driving wheel in front, thus enabling ladies to enjoy the pleasure of a rapid
drive in this class of vehicles which has hitherto been impracticable.
The construction of the car may be modified so as to adapt it for receiving small
parcels or similar articles, thereby rendering the tricycle of great use to tradesmen
for delivering goods.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WATERPROOF PAPER."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Weston Clayton, of Hampton, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED WATERPROOF PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Weston Clayton at
the Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1876.
JAMES WESTON CLAYTON, of Hampton, in the County of Middlesex.
OR IMPROVED WATERPROOF PAPER."
"A NEW
The object of this Invention is to produce a good pliable and tough waterproof
paper in a cheap and expeditious manner. For this purpose I treat preferably long
lengths of paper with a hot composition made of oil, rosin, and chalk mixed in or
about the following proportions, viz., twonty parts by weight of rosin, three parts of
oil, and one part of finely powdered chalk. For the purposes of my Invention I
prefer to use French chalk, cotton oil, and common rosin. The mixture or com-
position is kept in a suitable vessel heated in any convenient manner, say by steain,
and the paper is passed over and under rollers through the bath, and then passing
out of the same between blades, doctors, squeezing rollers, wipers, or other suitable
appliances for removing the surplus composition, and is wound upon reels. It is
then ready for use.
The chalk may if preferred be put on after the paper has been treated with a
rosin and oil composition of or about the aforesaid proportions.

page_text: lengths of
paper with a hot composition made of oil, rosin, and chalk mixed in or
about the following proportions, viz., twenty parts by weight of rosin, three parts of
oil, and one part of finely powdered chalk. For the purposes of my Invention I
prefer to use French chalk, cotton oil, and common rosin. The mixture or com-
position is kept in a suitable vessel heated in any convenient manner, say by steam,
and the paper is passed over and under rollers through the bath, and then passing
out of the same between blades, doctors, squeezing rollers, wipers, or other suitable
appliances for receiving the surplus composition, and is wound upon reels. It is
then ready for use.
The chalk may if preferred be put on after the paper has been treated with a
rosin and oil compositon of or about the aforesaid proportions.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the treating of paper with oil,
rosin, and chalk, substantially in manner and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Weston Clayton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SCARVES AND NECKTIES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Corns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1876.
EDWARD WILLIAM CORNS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SCARVES AND NECKTIES."
one.
This Invention refers to fastenings for made up scarves and neckties, and it
consists in forming a stud similar to a solitaire with one large head and one small
The small head is passed through an eyelet or worked hole in the front of
the scarf or tie, and appears at the back upon the band of the scarf or tie; at a
sufficient distance to girth the neck is attached a plate pierced with several round
holes, each having a slot at the lower end. When in use these slotted holes engage
with the smaller head of the stud, and being drawn tight the shank of the stud is
received in the slot, and thus the two parts are secured round the neck. To
release the fastening it is simply required to pull the band slightly downwards
when the shank of the stud is released from the slot, and the small head passes
through the hole in the plate.
The large head of the solitaire may be finished as an enriched stud, brooch, or
pin, or if it be not desired to be shewn it may be of common metal concealed
behind the face of the scarf or tic.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jowett at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 24th May 1876.
JAMES JOWETT, of Mixenden, in the Parish of Halifax, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner, and JAMES SERGEANT, Overlooker, of Halifax, in the County afore-
said. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL."
This Invention relates to the use of improved apparatus for forcing the wool to be
combed into and amongst the pins or teeth of the comb or combs. Heretofore
brushes known as "dabbing brushes" have been employed, but such are soon worn
out, and the wear and tear of which forms an important item in the expense of
working fibre combing machines.
"
According to this our Invention as applied to what is known as the "Noble's
machine" we attach to the "block" of the " "dabbing arm a series of plates, by
preference of brass, these are arranged that on the descent of the block the plates
press upon the wool at certain points between the pins or teeth of the comb, that is
to say, one of such plates will press upon and force downwards the wool at a point
between the large and the small circles, another such plate within a chamber or
space between the pins or teeth of the little circle, and one or more such plates will
be applied in like manner so as to act upon the wool at one or more points on the
large circle. In connection with the Noble comb or combs of that class we employ
for a like purpose a pointed and curved instrument or "shoe" which steps upon and
treads down the wool between the pins or teeth of two circles at or near the point
of their divergence from each other.
The plates above described may be made of brass, copper, steel, or other material,
and are applicable to any comb or combs on which brushes have heretofore been
used.
PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR STOPPERING SAME."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Martin Knight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
EDWARD MARTIN KNIGHT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR
STOPPERING SAME."
My Invention consists,-
"IM-
Firstly. In constructing bottles with a barrel or other similar shaped boss in
the neck of such bottles of greater diameter than the neck of the bottle. This
barrel or other shaped boss has a horizontal hole or opening which passes
right through said boss, and is at right angles to the neck and mouth of the
bottle.
A modification consists in dispensing with the neck of the bottle and moulding
the barrel or other shaped boss on the top of the bottle, so that the bottle may be
stoppered by receiving ordinary corks through the said boss transversely.
The bottle may be formed with a lip or mouth piece on one side of the boss for
pouring out.
My Invention consists,―
Secondly. Of an appliance for stoppering bottles. This appliance consists of a
plug made of size to correspond with and pass into the hole or opening in the boss
formed on the neck of the bottle. The plug is provided with a head at one end
and a groove at the other, and has a passage way through and crossing its axis.
The plug is provided with two rings of india-rubber, one of which is placed round
the plug and against the head thereof. The plug is then inserted into the boss of
the bottle, and the second ring is then placed over the plug and in the groove at
the end thereof, and thus holds the plug firmly in position. The boss of the bottle
neck may be lined with a sheet of cork or other material so that the plug may
have a water-tight bearing in the said boss.
For filling bottles according to my Invention the plug is turned with its passage
way in a line with and coinciding with the mouth of the bottle. To close the
bottle the plug is turned until its passage way comes at right angles to the mouth
of the bottle. The bottle is then effectually stoppered.
A modification may consist in placing the plug through the ordinary mouth of
the bottle, and attaching it thereto by a cap, wire, or other suitable appliance. In
this case the plug is made with its passage way in the form of a jaw, or the plug is
made hollow; or the plug may be made hollow with one side cut away in the
form of a wedge.

page_text: Upon turning the plug quarter round (ninety degrees) the bottle is closed or
open, as the case may be, the liquor being poured out through the hole or passage
way in the boss formed on the neck of the bottle.
The stoppers may be made of glass, earthenware, cork, or other suitable
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence Wildy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
WILLIAM LAWRENCE WILDY, of Camden New Town, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND VALVES."
The object of my Invention is to obtain a more economical consumption, or to con-
trol the passage of gas or other fluid, of which sometimes a full and sometimes a
partial supply is required, by ensuring that when a partial supply only is required
it shall be of a certain uniform amount, thus avoiding waste by carelessness or
otherwise.
In carrying out my Invention I place in the pipe by which the fluid is conveyed,
or in a fitting connected thereto, such for example as an elbow, swivel joint, or boss,
a cock or valve of which the rotating plug is so made that when turned in one
direction the supply is full on, and when turned in the other direction the supply
is reduced to a very small uniform quantity. The control of the supply is obtained
by providing a circumferential groove or passage in the rotating plug or valve,
which groove communicates with the principal orifice or passage of the plug, and
forms a bye pass for the fluid when the main passage is turned off.
The same result might be obtained by a screw plug screwing into its socket, and
fitted so as to leave a space between the plug and its seat for the minimum
supply.
A NEW PROCESS TO OBTAIN ALDEHYDS FROM PHENOLS BY CHLOROFORM OR CHILORAL AND ALCALIES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dr. Charles Reimer, Chemist, in the City of Berlin,
Kingdom of Prussia, Empire of Germany, for the Invention of "A NEW
PROCESS TO OBTAIN ALDEHYDS FROM PHENOLS BY CHLOROFORM OR CHILORAL
AND ALCALIES."
Sealed the 23rd September 1876, and dated the 25th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Reimer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1876.
DR. CHARLES REIMER, Chemist, in the City of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia,
Empire of Germany. "A NEW PROCESS TO OBTAIN ALDEHYDS FROM PHENOLS BY
CHLOROFORM OR CHLORAL AND ALCALIES."
If chloroform or chloral, and, for example, common phenol, is mixed with a
solution of alcali a strong reaction will take place. If, after termination of the
said reaction an acid is added, there will then be formed salicyle aldehyd, containing
still phenol, which may be purified by one or the other methods known at present.
Through experiments I am convinced that the reaction is general. From cresol
may be also obtained an aldehyde from guajacol-vanillin.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Charles Reimer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th September
1876.
DR. CHARLES REIMER, Chemist, in the City of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia,
Empire of Germany. "A NEW PROCESS TO OBTAIN ALDEHYDS FROM PHENOLS BY
CHLOROFORM OR CHLORAL AND ALCALIES."
In carrying out this Invention chloroform or chloral, and, for example, common
phenol, is mixed with a solution of alcali, when a strong reaction will take place,
and, after the termination of the said reaction if an acid is added, there will
be formed salicyle aldehyd, which will still contain phenol, and this may be
purified by one or other of the well known methods. By experiment it has
been ascertained that the reaction is general. From cresol also and in like manner
may be obtained an aldehyd from guajacol-vanillin.
Price 11

page_text: The particulars of the process and examples herein set forth are sufficient to
enable a practical chemist to put the Invention into practice, and I claim the new
process for obtaining aldehyds from phenols by chloroform or chloral and alcalies,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Reimer, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
ז' בטיח
KARL REIMER
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR ILLUMINATING PROJECTILES USED FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Moleux at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1876.
AUGUSTE MOLEUX, of Boulogne-sur-Mer (France).
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR ILLUMINATING PROJECTILES USED FOR SAVING LIFE AT
SEA."
In throwing life ropes to a ship in distress at night or in dark weather it
frequently happens that for want of sufficient light the rope is not caught at the
proper moment, and is thus lost, thereby occasioning delay when time is valuable.
Now my present Invention consists in providing means for rendering the projectiles
or weights attached to the life ropes luminous, when they are thrown either from a
gun or by hand or by other known means. For this purpose, when the usual
hollow projectile to be fired from a gun is used, I drill in the surface thereof one or
more holes, provided with a screw thread, and in these holes I fix metal tubes
closed at their inner ends, and provided at their outer ends (which are flush with
the surface of the projectile) with a removeable screw cap having a small hole, into
which is inserted a fuze or port fire. Before using the life rope the said tube or
tubes are filled with magnesium or other known substance that in burning will give
considerable light, after which the cap is screwed on and the fuze inserted. On
firing the projectile thus prepared the said fuze will be ignited and will set fire to
the magnesium inside, which will consequently burn out slowly through the small
hole in the cap, thus illuminating the projectile as it travels from the gun to the
ship. In a similar manner the before described tube charged with inflammable
material may be fixed in or upon projectiles or weights of life ropes that are thrown
by hand or propelling apparatus, or the tube may itself be made sufficiently heavy
to constitute the projectile. In these cases where the projectile is thrown by hand
otherwise than from a gun the before mentioned fuze would have to be ignited
by hand before the projectile is thrown.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SQUEEZING MACHINES FOR WORKING METALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell Lightfoot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1876.
THOMAS BELL LIGHTFOOT, Managing Partner of Messieurs Bells, Lightfoot, and
Company, of Walker Engine Works, Walker, in the County of Northumberland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SQUEEZING MACHINES FOR WORKING METALS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in squeezing machines or hammers
to be used in the manufacture of iron or steel, for treating iron and steel by hydraulic
or other pressure, and consists of an apparatus (hydraulic or other) by which the
bloom or ball is worked when under the press or hammer, so as to present first one
side and then the other to the pressure, thus enabling the slag to be squeezed out,
and assisting in a large degree to make the finished ball homogeneous. Other
hydraulic cylinders, presses, or appliances may be used in combination with this
apparatus for the purpose of squaring up the ends and preparing the rough ball for
the action of the squeezer.
With this apparatus large masses may be quickly treated without loss of heat,
and manual labour is dispensed with, the whole operations being controlled by one
man situated on a platform, and working the valve handle.
The annexed Drawings show the apparatus arranged as I prefer.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, and Figure 2 is a side elevation. In both Figures
the machine is shown partly in section.
In the annexed Drawings a is an are provided with two palms or carrying plates
b and c, which serve to support the metal whil t it is being worked, and the arc can
turn so as to bring either of the palms to the lower position; d is an bydraulic ram
provided with a tup or head for pressing on the upper surface of the metal; c is
another hydraulic ram of smaller size; its head compresses the metal laterally against
the palm on the opposite side, which at that time is supported by a ram ƒ. There
are also rams by which the metal can be compressed in a longitudinal direction.
When the metal is first placed in the machine it is submitted to endway com-
pression whilst it rests on the lower palin, and is supported on one side by the head
of the ram e, and on the opposite side by the palm. At the top it is also supported
at this time by the tup carried by the ram d.

page_text: When sufficient longitudinal pressure has been applied the rams by which this
pressure is exerted are retired, and so also is the rain e, and the bloom is squeezed
or hammered by means of the ram d. After being squeezed on one side the arc a
is moved round through a quarter circle, carrying the bloom with it to a position to
be squeezed on the other side, and so the metal is worked first on one side, and then
on the other until it is finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Smith and William Walker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1876.
PETER SMITH, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM WALKER, of
the same place, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
Our Invention relates to multiple cylinder engines.
According to the first part of our Invention when constructing a tri-cylinder
engine we arrange the three cylinders in a group, so that the axis of each cylinder
is equidistant from the axes of the other cylinders. The crank pins are arranged to
be about equidistant on the described circle, and the crank shaft is by preference so
arranged as that the greatest angles of inclination of all three connecting rods shall
be about equal. The space in which the cranks revolve is enclosed, and the crank
shaft bearings are or may be formed or provided with glands. Each piston is
provided with a shank, which slides in a bored passage which communicates with
the steam inlet pipe. A port in each passage communicates with the space on the
inner side of the piston in an adjoining cylinder.
When any piston nears the end of its outward stroke the said shank uncovers the
said port, and thus admits steam to act upon an adjoining piston. A passage is
formed in each shank, and communicates with the enclosed space in which the
cranks work, and also with a side opening in the shank. As any piston nears the
end of its outward stroke the said opening is brought into communication with the
said port, whereby the exhaust steam from the adjoining cylinder is permitted to
flow through the shank into the said enclosed space, from which it may be dis-
charged into a pipe.
By modifications in the arrangements of the steam passages we cause the steam,
after acting on the piston of one cylinder, to flow through the shank to passages
leading to adjoining cylinders, in which the steam acts expansively.
More than three cylinders may be employed if considered to be more suitable in
any case.
The engines may be provided with fittings or arrangements for reversing the
direction of motion for governing the speed, or for cutting off the steam by means of
additional expansion valves.
According to a second part of our Invention we admit the high-pressure steam to
the enclosed space in which the crank shaft works, and the forward side of each
D..

page_text: piston is open to the said space. We connect the outer end of. each piston rod with
a sliding block, which maintains the parallelism of the piston rod. The said sliding
block is also formed to act as a slide valve, and slides on a face which is provided
with steam and exhaust ports.
As the piston of any one cylinder moves to and fro steam is admitted to and
exhausted from the space on the rear side of the piston of another cylinder in the
group. In this part of our Invention the aforesaid sliding shanks are not
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING WATER FROM AIR, OR STEAM, OR OTHER FLUID UNDER PRESSURE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1876.
DAVID GRAY, of the Sunnyside Engine Works, Coatbridge, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR
SEPARATING WATER FROM AIR, OR STEAM, OR OTHER FLUID UNDER PRESSURE."
This Invention relates to improved and reliable apparatus of a simple and
durable kind for automatically separating water from air, or stean, or other fluid
under pressure.
The apparatus which has been specially designed for use in connection with
engines for compressing air for working coal-cutting machines and the like
comprises a casing through which the compressed air is passed, a plate being fitted
in the casing opposite the inlet for the air to strike against, and thereby cause the
separation of water particles from it.
The apparatus also comprises a float and an outlet valve for the discharge of the
water, the float being fixed on one end of a lever which is inside the casing, and
has connected to its other end a hollow cylindrical piston, valve, or plug working
in a cylindrical shell formed inside the casing in such a way that the internal
pressure can act equally on both ends of the plug. Holes are made through the
inner side of the valve shell, through the piston valve or plug, and through the
outer side of the valve shell and of the main casing, and when the water accumu-
lates in the casing it acts on the float and lever so as to move the piston valve or
plug into a position such that the three holes are in line. The water is then
discharged by the action of the internal pressure, and the float in redescending
moves the piston valve or plug into a position in which the holes are not in line,
and the discharged hole is therefore closed.
When the apparatus is used for steam one connection between it and the steam
pipe will be sufficient, and it will not be necessary to pass the steam through it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ATTACHING AND ADJUSTING KNOBS AND ROSES TO SPINDLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Augustus Faulkner and James
Henry Starling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
August 1876.
JULIUS AUGUSTUS FAULKNER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brassfounder, and JAMES HENRY STARLING, of the same Place, Manager. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ATTACHING AND ADJUSTING KNOBS AND ROSES TO SPINDLES."
This Invention consists of certain improved combination of parts by which the
rose and knob are attached and adjusted to the spindle and the door independently
of any screws through the rose.
For this purpose a plate or disc is secured to the back of the rose, and this plate
or disc is bushed in the centre and tapped with a female screw. The loose or
movcable knob is attached to the rose in the ordinary manner, and the spindle
being screwed the knob and rose are screwed on to the spindle by means of the
tapped plate on the back of the rose and up to the face of the door; the rose may
then, if preferred, be screwed to the door, but it is not necessary to do so, and it
thus forms the means by which the knob is adjusted to the spindle and the door.
A NEW ELECTRIC COMMUTATOR FOR TRANSMITTING TELE- GRAMS BY USE OF AN ALPHABETICAL KEYBOARD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Bennet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1876.
.
JOHN FREDERICK BENNET, of 12, Christic Road, South Hackney, London, in the
County of Middlesex. "A NEW ELECTRIC COMMUTATOR FOR TRANSMITTING TELE-
GRAMS BY USE OF AN ALPHABETICAL KEYBOARD."
It is simple of working, being fitted with a keyboard with a key to each letter
of the alphabet, therefore requiring no previous knowledge of telegraphy to work it.
To each key is fastened a lever, which when pressed down comes in contact with
a wheel, the same wheel having incisions varying in width according to the codo
adapted to it, which breaks the contact; for instance, if the "Morse" code be adapted
to it it will print dashes and dots on the receiving instrument, or it can be made to
point a hand on a dial of a receiving instrument to the letter transmitted by
having the incisions graduated in length on each wheel. The said levers having an
electric pole passing through them at the joint having insulators between joint &
key, also having a slot made on the under part of thein, which slot is about half way
between the joint and key. There are two rods which pass underneath all the
levers, one rod having arms at each end is made by means of two slot wheels (fitted
with recoil springs) fastened to the bar or pivot (that the incised wheels are
attached to) at cach end to fix in slot made on the lever, and holding lever down
while the wheels revolve once, also preventing another key being pressed down
until that same lever is released. This rod is kept close to the slot wheel by incans
of spiral springs. The other rod is attached at each end to ratchets, which lock in
the slots of two other wheels fastened to the bar or pivot, holding the same bar or
pivot stationary until it is lifted out of lock in wheel by the lever being pressed
down, which also presses the rod down that raises the ratchet and allows the
wheels to revolve once. The ratchet is kept down on wheel by means of spiral
springs attached to the rod.
The bar or pivot to which the incised wheels are attached is set in motion by
means of a main spring working cog wheels attached to the samo bar or pivot, it
also has an electric pole connected to it and insulated so as to direct the electricity
to the incised wheels only. There is a fly wheel attached to the bar or pivot to
regulate the speed of it, allowing it to go with great velocity if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TEA LEAVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Andrew Farquhar at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876. A communication
from abroad by John Alexander Farquhar, of the Noakacharee Tea Estate,
Assam, in the Empire of India.
ARTHUR ANDREW FARQUHAR, of 13, Warrington Crescent, Maida Hill, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TEA LEAVES."
According to this Invention machinery for rolling tea leaves is composed of two
funnels, by preference, octagonal, and of wood; the funnels are one smaller than the
other, and are mounted concentrically one within the other upon a vertical spindle;
the inner funnel is fixed upon the spindle and revolves with it, whilst the outer one
is capable of revolving freely around it. The lower end of the outer funnel is
supported by arms radiating outwards from a collar loose on the spindle, and from
its upper end arms rise upwards, and are fixed to a bevil toothed wheel which is
free to turn around the spindle; above this bevil wheel and fixed upon the spindle
is another bevil wheel, and these two bevil wheels are driven in opposite directions
by a bevil wheel on a horizontal driving shaft. By this means the two funnels are
caused to revolve in opposite directions; the inner funnel is closed both at the top
and bottom, whilst the top and bottom of the outer funnel are both open. The tea
leaves to be rolled are placed into the space between the two funnels from the top;
the space between the two coned portions of the funnels is greater at the top than
at the bottom. As the funnels are revolved in opposite directions and the leaves
thereby rolled over and over the leaves descend to the bottom of the space between
the funnels. Below the bottom of the outer funnel is a circular table which revolves
with the spindle, and can be raised or lowered upon it and be secured by a key at
any required distance from the bottom of the outer funnel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING TAMPICO AND BRISTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Enoch B. Whiting, of Saint Albans, County of Franklin, and
State of Vermont, in the United States of America.
HERBERT JOIN HADDON, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DRESSING TAMPICO AND BRISTLES." A communication from abroad
by Enoch B. Whiting, of Saint Albans, County of Franklin, and State' of Vermont,
in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to a class of machines which are used for preparing stock
(usually tampico or bristles) used in the manufacture of brushes.
My Invention or improvements consist in a set of three rotating friction holders
placed one above the other, the surfaces of which are flexible, and placed over a
series of radiating springs; the peripheries of these holders are placed close enough
together to force their flexible surfaces to form flat friction surfaces about six inches
long by the width of the face of the holder, to which flat surfaces the stock (cut
to any desired length, say 4 to 10 inches), is carried from a feeding point by end-
less belts or cords, and so presented to and passed between the holders aforesaid
that half to three-fourths its length projects therefrom to be acted upon by broad
metallic combs, making about 200 revolutions or strokes per minute, which mixes
and cleans the stock.
My Invention further consists in a combination in one machine of two or more
of these combs with the holders aforesaid, with a transferring wheel and a self-
adjusting metallic band, as also a series of adjustable butters or gauges, all of
which so arranged that the stock after leaving the feeding point is passed between
an adjustable gauge and a butter, which latter forces the fibres of the stock into
line against the gauge from whence it passes to and between the upper two of
the friction holders, half to three-fourths its length being combed in its passage.
It is then passed over a transferring wheel from between the two upper holders
down between said transferring wheel, and an adjustable metallic band to and
between the two lower holders, to be combed at the other end, having been acted
upon between the transferring wheel and upper holders by a second butter and
guage, which throws the stock half its length to the right of its former line of
movement. In passing between the lower holders it is acted upon again by a
TD 0.77

page_text: second comb, which straightens and cleans the uncombed end, from whence it is
passed by a series of endless belts to the feeding point, to again go through-the
machine until completed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: wwwwww
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kennard Knott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1876.
KENNARD KNOTT, of Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Contractor. "AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for preserving meat,
fish, poultry, and other animal and vegetable substances in a fresh state for any
desired length of time for sea-going and other purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I take a quantity of fresh meat or other animal
substance, and preparo it for packing by extracting therefrom its animal heat by
subjecting it to a low artificial temperature and then freezing it by any suitable
known process.
The meat or other animal substance thus prepared is then packed in cases of
peculiar construction as herein-after described.
I construct my improved cases for preserving animal and vegetable substances
of an interior box of tinned iron or other suitable metal capable of being her-
metically closed, and in this box the ment or other animal substance prepared as
herein-before described is placed, and whilst still at the same low temperature the
box is sealed. The box is then placed within an outer wooden case or box so as
to leave a space between the two boxes on all sides, the inner box being held in
the centre of the outer box by lengths of boarding placed edgewise. The space
between the two boxes is then filled up with a suitable non-conducting substance,
preferably flour, and the outer box is then closed. I prefer employing flour, because
this substance not only forms a good non-conductor of heat, but is also required
for daily use on board ship, the battle field, or otherwise.
I make my improved packing cases of various sizes to suit the required daily
consumption of the preserved substance, as when once the case is opened the
contents will require to be consumed within a short space of time.
For preserving vegetable substances, such as fruit, the process is the same as that
herein-before described, except that so low a temperature is not required.
MENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hawkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1876.
HENRY HAWKINS, of Milford Haven, in the County of Pembroke.
MENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object the construction of automatic apparatus whereby
the pressure exerted upon the retorts during the distillation of coal or other gas
making material may be reduced, and consists in attaching to the ordinary dip pipe
just under the upper part of the hydraulic main another pipe of somewhat smaller
diameter, curved so that its lower part shall be immersed in the liquor while its
upper part or mouth stands considerably above the surface of the liquid in the
bydraulic. To the under side of the hydraulic is fixed a fork to which is pivotted
at or near its centre an arm weighted at one end and pivotted at its other extremity
to a light sheet iron or metal cap or bell, which covers the mouth of the bent pipe
before described, and descends sufficiently far into the liquid as to form an efficient
seal. Fixed to the bell is a wire or light rod which descends and then returns
upwards through a sealed tube to the outside of the hydraulic, thus forming an
indicator.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The hydraulic being charged with
liquid, and the ordinary dip and the cap or bell before mentioned being sealed the
gas as emitted from the coal will pass from the retort up the ascension, and from
thence to the dip where it would ordinarily escape, but as a more easy passage is
afforded by means of the curved pipe, the gas will pass along it to the cap or bell,
and by its pressure will raise the said cap or bell, thus unsealing it and allowing a
free exit into the hydraulic main, the indicator at the same time rising and showing
that the apparatus is in action.
When the retort is being charged the pressure will be removed from the cap or
bell and it will consequently fall into the liquid, thus sealing the passage from
escape of gas or entry of air, the fall of the indicator clearly pointing to this as
being effected.
To ensure the proper action of the apparatus it will be necessary to seal the
lower part of the dip to an extent in excess of the pressure required to lift the cap
or bell, but should the curved pipe be accidentally stopped no danger need be
feared since the gas will escape from the bottom of the dip in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN GETTING COAL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1876.
Joseph Mitchell, of Worsboro' Dale, Barnsley, in the County of York, Civil and
Mining Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR USE IN GETTING COAL."
My Invention relates to apparatus employed in getting coal, and consists in an
expanding plug operated by bydraulic power for use in lieu of the wedges now used
in the operation of wedging down coal. This expanding plug in its contracted
form is cylindrical, and is composed of two semi-cylindrical halves with a wedge-
shaped space between them, formed by inclining their adjacent faces. These semi-
cylinders are jointed at the end at which the wedge-shaped space is widest to the
extremity of a hydraulic cylinder, and they receive between them a wedge-shaped
extension of the hydraulic ram or plunger, fitting exactly the widest part of the
wedge-shaped space and extending about half its length when the ram is withdrawn
into the hydraulic cylinder.
When hydraulic pressure is applied to the ram its wedge-like extension is driven
farther along the space between the two halves of the plug which are forced apart,
thereby expanding the plug beyond its original diameter in one direction. This
expanding plug is used in the following manner:-The seam of coal having been
undercut as usual in wedging down coal, a hole is drilled in the face of the seam at the
upper part, of a size and shape corresponding to that of the plug in its contracted
or cylindrical form, so that the plug will exactly fit into the hole. Into this hole
the plug is inserted so that its expanding force will be exerted in a vertical
direction, and the hydraulic power being applied the wedge-shaped extension of the
ram is driven between the parts of the plug, thereby expanding the latter with
immense force until the mass of coal beneath it is brought down. This expansion
of the plug is greatest at the extremity which is most deeply inserted, and therefore
in the position most favourable for bringing down a large mass of the coal. A
number of these expanding plugs may be simultaneously applied if necessary, or the
same plug may be inserted successively in different holes.
The hydraulic power may be applied by an accumulator or other source of power
in connection with the hydraulic cylinder, or the power may be generated within
the cylinder itself, by the evolution of gases produced by the chemical combination
7

page_text: of a suitable mixture placed within the cylinder, the expansive force of the gases
being exerted on the liquid and by it transmitted to the ram; suitable means are
employed for determining the chemical combination of the charge according to its
nature. In either case the workmen are enabled to retire to a safe distance before
the fall of the coal, and thus avoid the accidents which frequently occur in the
ordinary method of wedging down coal.