Improvements in Refuse Furnaces and in Apparatus for Dealing with the Fumes therefrom.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Apr., 1892
COME LEIE DI DUIFT
Improvements in Refuse Furnaces and in Apparatus for Dealing
with the Fumes therefrom.
I, BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY of Bamber Bridge in the County Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
In order that this invention may be understood I have attached three sheets of
drawings-
Figure 1 is a section at the centre of Figure 2 and
Figure 2 is a plan taken between the upper arches of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a section near the centre of Figure 4, and
Figure 4 is a plan taken above the firegrate of Figure 1 omitting the firebars.
Figure 5 is a plan of gas fired fumes furnace taken above the firegrates,
Figure 6 is a part section along the centre of the fumes flue and furnace, and
Figure 7 is a section of one of the self-contained gas producing grates and of
the flues therefrom.
The present invention comprises improvements in refuse furnaces and in
apparatus for dealing with the fumes and dust therefrom. In the first place it
has reference to the types of furnaces shewn and described in the Specifications of
Patents No. 7703, A.D. 1885, and No. 9342 A.D. 1886, and of the gas-fired fumes
cremator shewn and described in the Specification of Patent No. 177 A.D. 1888.
According to the first part of this invention the fumes and vaporous gases from
one furnace are burnt in the adjoining furnace, the furnaces being built and worked
in pairs, and charged and clinkered alternately at intervals of about an hour.
When the right hand furnace A is newly charged the heat of left hand furnace B
attacks the odorous gases and the products of combustion pass from the left hand
furnace through the back flues E.
Instead of charging the refuse through a trunk at the centre as shewn in said
Specification 9342, I now build an iron trunk M over each of the refuse drying
slopes, by which means each grate may be fed separately.
Instead of using the fourway flue valves- shewn in said Specification 9342, I put
plain dampers in any convenient way over the flues E, and I connect these dampers
so that when one is open the other is shut or both may be partly open at the same
time.
.
Outlet flues D from the furnaces to the main flue G are formed in a central
position, but they are at the sides of the furnaces in the main walls, instead of the
fourway flap valves shewn in said Specification 9342.
In some cases I form the refuse drying slopes over the main flue of cast iron
plating lined with firebricks, and the otherwise waste heat of flue G is thereby
further utilized.
The clinker doors S are made to swing outwards and may be balanced by the
chimney dampers. The ashpits have doors L and frames which are faced so as to
be air-tight.
Steam blowers as named in Specification No. 2369 A.D. 1880, are used, but by
putting a flap valve in each air flue H one blower J supplies blast for two furnaces.
The air supply for the blowers is drawn in at O, either from the outer air, the
roof over clinkering pit, the roof over refuse furnaces or the strect sewers in the
immediate vicinity of the destructor plant.
The ashpit floors are indicated by K and the firebars by V.
On Sheet 1 two furnaces are shewn back to back but it is obvious that the same
system may be built side by side.
In building refuse furnaces side by side I prefer the design indicated on Sheet 2-

page_text: The roois spring from the front wall N above the clinker door arch, and from the
back wall O above the seating of outlet dampers R.
The charging holes P are formed at the crown of each roof, or a little to the
front of the actual crown, and the roofs are made level from one side to the other,
so that the thrust is thrown upon the front and back walls.
Two flue outlets Q are formed at the back end of each furnace close up to the
roof, and each outlet has a swinging damper R, which dampers are connected by
levers and chains to the clinker doors S.
The main flue T may have a solid arch or be partly covered by iron plates lined
with firebricks.
Two clinker doors S are made for each furnace, and as one door is opened the
corresponding damper R is nearly closed, leaving the other damper of the same
furnace open, but when both doors are opened then both the dampers will be nearly
closed.
A grating of iron or brick may be put over each flue outlet, to prevent the very
light refuse and paper from passing into the flues until they have been burnt.
The fires may have enclosed grates, and be forced by steam blowers as indicated
on Sheet 1.
According to the second part of this invention the fumes and vapourous gases
given off from the refuse furnaces shewn on Sheet 2, are passed through a gas
fired deodorising cremator of the recuperative type, which has two or more gas
producing grates built as part of the crematory block.
The gaseous products from the grates X pass through flues d, to the cremator,
and issue in vertical jets g, behind hollow cast iron recuperator pipes b, and the air
for combustion enters the said pipes at the top a, and flows downwards to the jets
C.
It is obvious that the air may be forced through other pipes laid in the flues, and
issue in the centre of or close to each gas jet, in which case vertical pillars of
refractory material would take the place of the vertical recuperator pipes.
In order to allow the full chimney draught for the refuse furnaces, the main
flue W is made considerably wider at the cremator, so that the area of the spaces
between the recuperator pipes is about equal to the area of the main flue, and the
thin streams of noxious vapours thus formed present an immense surface for the
Hames to act upon.
The fuel is fed through hoppers 1, of well known type. The air supply to
recuperators is regulated by hit and miss slides at a, and the supply of gas is
regulated by slides at e, or by steam jet or any other kind of blower."
The fumes from the shed or building in which the refuse furnaces are placed
are drawn from the roof through trunks or vertical flues, by means of steam jet
exhaustors into a collecting flue over the furnaces, and thence to the fumes cremator
grates, so that no foul atmosphere is dispersed by ordinary ventilators on the
roofs.
C.
The gas supply is regulated by slides e, and passing into the cross flues, issues
in vertical jets g, between each pair of air jets Sight holes are provided in
outer walls. The ashpits, have close fitting doors k, and hollow bridges h. These
grates are supplied with steam blowers the forced blast from which passes into the
hollow bridges h, and issues through slots in the bottom thereof to the underside of
the grates X.
In each form of furnace I prefer to use the rocking firebars described in the
Specification of Patent No. 11,894 A.D. 1887, and for forced blast I attach a
special coupling to the central T shaped rocker, so that the motion can be imparted
from a lever at one side of ashpit doors.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. The general construction of the back to back furnaces substantially as shewn
on Figures 1 and 2 whether using forced blast or not.

page_text: 2. The general construction of the single rauk furnaces substantially as shewn
on Figures 3 and 4 whether using forced blast or not.
3. The general construction of the fumes cremator furnace substantially as
shewn on Figures 5, 6, and 7, whether using forced blast or not.
4. The method of ventilating the destructor buildings substantially as herein
described.
5. The method of ventilating street sewers by exhausting air therefrom and
forcing it through the fires of the furnaces herein described.
6. The use of one steam blower with two air valves for each pair of grates
substantially as herein shewn and described.
Dated this Fifteenth day of January 1892
B. D. HEALEY,
Applicant.