Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas for Illuminating and Heating Purposes, and in or connected with Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 1st Feb.,
1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas for Illuminating and
Heating Purposes, and in or connected with Apparatus therefor.
1, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE of 22 Marsden Street Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to
be as follows:
-1
This invention has mainly reference to those processes of making illuminating gas,
in which tar or other hydrocarbon liquid is employed and converted into gas, and it
has for its object and consists of certain arrangements and dispositions of parts and
modes of carrying out such processes, and in certain modes or means of introducing
the tar or other like liquid into the apparatus in which it is to be distilled.
In those arrangements in which a heated duct or ducts or chambers is or are
employed in a bench of gas making retorts and the tar and the gas from the coal
distilling retorts are introduced into the said duct or chamber and subjected to the
heat thereof, I according to one arrangement or mode lead the gas from the retorts
into a chamber common to said retorts, such as a hydraulic main and from this
chamber or main I lead to and introduce into the front end or mouth or mouths of
the duct or chamber by a pipe or pipes, the gas from the retorts, and then pass the
gas through the duct and lead it out of same by an upright passage-also heated-
through the roof of the bench having on its end a vertical artificially cooled passage.
At the vertical exit passage I introduce the tar and the tar gas resulting from the
heat of the duct combines with the coal gas and passes out with it. In this way the
gas before arriving at the zone of tar distillation becomes heated and readily combines
with the hot tar gas or vapours, and also the heat of the duct at the point where the tar
is introduced is not subjected to the cooling influences of the coal gas entering it, the
two functions of heating up the gas and distilling the tar being practically carried on
in different parts of the duct. The arrangement also provides a very simple means or
mode of converting existing benches of retorts so as to be worked according to my
invention. This arrangement and mode is applicable to both single and through
benches of retorts and ducts or to any existing kind.
According to a modification of the above arrangement, the gas and tar may be both
introduced into the duct through the vertical passage towards or at the rear or middle
of the duct (accordingly as the duct may be "single" or "through") and lead it out
by an artificially cooled passage or passages disposed at or on the mouth or mouths of
the duct and from thence to the main.
In some cases where it is desirable or convenient I may employ a number of heated
ducts or chambers in a bench and lead the gas from the other benches to such ducts
and introduce the tar into said ducts or chambers, in the presence of the gas. The
outlets of these ducts are provided with artificially cooled passages arranged in the
manner above or hereinafter described, and the tar and gas may be introduced, treated
and caused to travel also as or in the manner above or hereinafter described.
duct may be arranged and adapted to recieve the gas of all or any of the retorts of a
bench; or, the gas of one and a portion of another or two or more benches may be
conveyed to and treated in a single duct; and some of the coal retorts may be
arranged in the same bench as the tar ducts.
One
This arrangement and combination provides a means of using one or more of the
existing benches to be employed as tar distilling benches, the existing coal distilling
benches remaining unaltered in carrying out the process; but of course a separate
bench or benches of ducts may be used, and the existing coal distilling benches
remain intact. In these kinds of arrangements, separate pipes from those parts of the
hydraulic mains fed by the different retorts and benches constituting a group, would

page_text: be separated and provided with pipes leading to the heated ducts adapted to be used
in connection with them.
In cases where it is not convenient or desirable, or for other reasons, to introduce
the tar (or like hydrocarbon liquid) by allowing it to fall under a small head directly
into the duct or chamber from a point above it, I force it in or inject it by pressure
such pressure being due either to gravity or artificial means; and its injection may
be made in a solid stream or in a comminuted or pulverized state.
If it is injected in a solid stream or led to the duct by a simple pipe or suitable
device, such pipe or device I keep cool by artificial means, i.e. by causing a cool
fluid to pass over or in connection with it, and thereby prevent the injection or supply
pipe or device from chocking up which it might otherwise become with solidified
matter, due to the heat or in lieu of cooling the pipe or device, an artificially cooled
chamber passage or device may be provided and so constructed and adapted as to
shield or protect said pipe or device from the radiant or conducted heat of the duct or
chamber.
What-
In combination with the tar, I introduce carburretted hydrogen, water gas or other
suitable hydrogenated gas, by and with which the gases resulting from the distillation
of the tar are taken up and become mixed, blended and rendered permanent.
ever gas or combination of gases is or are used, it, or a part of it, may be employed,
under pressure, to pulverize the tar, and if it is in a cool siate when introduced it
may also serve to keep cool the pipe or device by which the tar is delivered to the
duct or chamber.
One mode of pulverizing the tar consists in causing the gas under pressure to issue
in an annular jet around the tar pipe or nozzle. Another consists in causing the tar
to drop onto a jet of gas, thereby becoming broken up and pulverized.
One main method of making gas from tar according to this invention is, therefore,
in pulverizing the tar and then heating it in a duct or chamber, and then cooling it by
passing it through a cooling duct or passage at the outlet or exit of said duct or
chamber.
The ducts or chambers may be arranged and constructed in any suitable way and
the tar or tar and gas introduced and the gas emitted in any of the ways or points
above specified. When however tar is introduced under pressure or pulverized, it
may be very conveniently introduced at the mouth, and the resulting gases let out at
the back through the artificially cooled passage; or through the roof as herein before
described. Or by providing a pipe or a partition or division plate in the duct or
chamber, the tar may be introduced at the front end or mouth of the duct and the
resulting gases thereby caused to pass to the end thereof and then return and pass out
by an artificially cooled passage at or on the mouth of the duct or chamber.
According to a modified mode of distilling tar or like oil and converting it into
permanent illuminating gas, I introduce it into the duct or chamber by and pulverize
it with superheated steam, the resulting gases being passed through the heated duct,
and subsequently cooled upon leaving it, by being passed through a cooling passage
or duct; however prefer to employ the above described modes of operation and
gases to effect its pulverization, and if steam is used I prefer to first pass it through
incandescent carbonaceous material, whereby the oxygen becomes fixed by a portion
of the carbon, and carbonic oxide is formed, the hydrogen being thereby freed; that is
to say, I prefer to use water-gas" in some suitable form as already described; the
carbonic acid being inert in the presence of the tar vapours. In cases where the
fluid used to pulverize tar is warm or hot, prefer to introduce the tar separate from
the fluid in order to avoid choking as above mentioned; but at the same time,
by artificially cooling the passage or passages of the device for introducing and
pulverizing the tar, they may be introduced together and in and by the same device.
In the manufacture of coal gas according to a modification of this invention the gas
after leaving the coal distilling retorts is ridded of its aquaeous vapours or moisture,
and tarry matters, to a considerable. extent and so more or less dried. To do this
conveniently I cool it, preferably, gradually. This may be done by causing it to pass
through a cooling pipe or set of pipes, and preferably in a continuous stream; such

page_text: pipe being cooled by contact with the air or an equivalent fluid of a suitable tempe-
rature, that is, a temperature which will not chill the gas suddenly-thereby avoiding
damage to the gas. The condensed matters are drawn off and the valuable portion
in the shape of tar and ammoniacal liquors preserved. After the aquaeous vapours
and other moisture and tarry matters are thus more or less removed and the gas
comparatively dry, I introduce it into the duct or chamber, the tar being also intro-
duced, as above described, at the same time-and both are subjected to the heat of
the duct, the tar being thereby distilled combines with the coal gas, the two becoming
a blended permanent gas. By this process the heat of the duct is not so much
absorbed in heating up the gas, and the result is an increased illuminating power,
and general better result.
I wish to state that the various modes of and means for introducing tar or oil and
gases, and the various parts of and arrangements or forms of the ducts or chambers
herein described, may be combined and arranged to operate in many different ways,
and that the invention is susceptable of many modifications and variations of the
modes of conducting the processes and of means adapted to apply the liquids or gases
and operate upon same, and of the arrangement, shape, and construction of the apparatus.
Dated this 25th day of March 1889.
JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Gas for Illuminating and
Heating Purposes, and in or connected with Apparatus therefor.
L, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 22, Marsden Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has mainly reference to those processes of making illuminating gas,
in which tar or other hydrocarbon liquid is employed and converted into gas, and
it has for its object and consists of certain arrangements and dispositions of parts and
modes of carrying out such processes, and in certain modes or means of introducing
the tar or other like liquid into the apparatus in which it is to be distilled.
In those arrangements in which a heated duct or ducts or chambers is or are
employed in a bench of gas making retorts and the tar and the gas from the coal
distilling retorts are introduced into the said duct or chamber and subjected to the
heat thereof, I, according to one arrangement or mode, lead the gas from the retorts
into a chamber or conduit common to said retorts, such as a hydraulic or other main
and from this chamber or main I lead to and introduce into the front end or mouth
or mouths of the duct or chamber by a pipe or pipes, the gas from the retorts and
then pass the gas through the duct and lead it out of same by an upright passage-
also heated-through the roof of the bench, having on its end a vertical artificially
cooled passage. At the vertical exit passage I introduce the tar and the tar gas
resulting from the heat of the duct combines with the coal gas and passes out with
it. In this way the gas before arriving at the zone of tar distillation becomes heated
and readily combines with the hot tar gas or vapours, and also the heat of the duct
at the point where the tar is introduced is not subjected to the cooling influence of
the coal gas entering it, the two functions of heating up the gas and distilling the tar
being practically carried on in different parts of the duct. The arrangement also
provides a very simple means or mode of converting existing benches of retorts so as
to be worked according to my Invention. This arrangement and mode is applicable
to both single and through benches of retorts and ducts or to any existing kind.
According to a modification of the above arrangement the gas and tar may be
both introduced into the duct through the vertical passage towards or at the rear or

page_text: middle of the duct (accordingly as the duct may be "single" or "through") and lead
it out by an artificially cooled passage or passages disposed at or on the mouth or
mouths of the duct and from thence to the main.
In some cases where it is desirable or convenient I may employ a number of heated
ducts or chambers in a bench, and lead the gas from the other benches to such ducts and
introduce the tar into said ducts or chambers, in the presence of the gas. The outlets
of these ducts are provided with artificially cooled passages arranged in the manner
above or hereinafter described, and the tar and gas may be introduced, treated and
caused to travel also as or in the manner above or hereinafter described. One duct
may be arranged and adapted to receive the gas of all or any of the retorts of a bench,
or the gas of one and a portion of another or two more benches may be conveyed to
and treated in a single duct; and some of the coal retorts may be arranged in the
same bench as the tar ducts.
This arrangement and combination provides a means of using one or more of the
existing benches to be employed as tar distilling benches, the existing coal distilling
benches remaining unaltered in carrying out the process; but of course a separate
bench or benches of ducts may be used, and the existing coal distilling benches remain
intact. In these kinds of arrangements, separate pipes from those parts of the
hydraulic mains fed by the different retorts and benches constituting a group, would
be separated and provided with pipes leading to the heated ducts adapted to be used
in connection with them.
In cases where it is not convenient or desirable to introduce, or I do not introduce,
the tar (or like hydrocarbon liquid) by allowing it to fall under a small head directly
into the duct or chamber from a point above it, I force it in or inject it by pressure,
such pressure being due either to gravity or artificial means. According to one mode
I cause the tar to be injected in a solid stream; according to another mode I pulverize
it as it is introduced or it is introduced in a pulverized state.
If it is injected in a solid stream or led to the duct by a simple pipe or suitable
device, such pipe or device I keep cool by artificial means, that is, by causing a cool
fluid to pass over or in connection with it, and thereby prevent the injection or supply
pipe or device from choking up, which it might otherwise become with solidified
matter, due to the heat or in lieu of cooling the pipe or device, an artificially
cooled chamber, passage or device may be provided and so constructed and adapted
as to shield or protect said pipe or device from the radiant or conducted heat of
the duct or chamber.
In combination with the tar, I introduce carburetted hydrogen, water gas, or other
suitable hydrogenated gas by and with which the gases resulting from the distillation
of the tar are taken up and become mixed, blended, and rendered permanent. What-
ever gas or combination of gases is or are used, it, or a part of it, may be employed
under pressure, to pulverize the tar-when the mode of pulverizing it is employed,
and if it is in a cool state when introduced it may also serve to keep cool the pipe or
device by which the tar is delivered to the duct or chamber.
One mode of pulverizing the tar consists in causing the gas under pressure to
issue in an annular jet around the tar pipe or nozzle. Another consists in causing
the tar to drop onto a jet of gas, thereby becoming broken up and pulverized.
One main method of making gas from tar according to this Invention is therefore,
in pulverizing the tar and then heating it in a duct or chamber, and then cooling
it by passing it through a cooling duct or passage at the outlet or exit of said duct
or chamber.
it
The ducts or chambers may be arranged and constructed in any suitable way, and
the tar or tar and gas introduced, and the gas emitted, in any of the ways or at any
points above specified. When however tar is introduced under pressure or pulverized,
may be very conveniently introduced at the mouth, and the resulting gases let out
at the back through the artificially cooled passage; or through the roof as hereinbefore
described. Or by providing a pipe or a partition or division plate in the duct or
chamber, the tar may be introduced at the front end or mouth of the duct and the tar
or other gases thereby caused to pass to the end of the retort, or partially through it

page_text: the duct or chamber.
Piss out by an admotany cooled passage a OT On the mout UT
According to a modified mode of distilling tar or like oil and converting it into
permanent illuminating gas, I introduce it into the duct or chamber by and pulverize
it with superheated steam, the resulting gases being passed through the heated dust,
and subsequently cooled upon leaving it, by being passed through a cooling passage
or duct; I however prefer to employ the above described mode of operation and
gases to effect its pulverization, and if steam is used, I prefer to first pass it through
incandescent carbonaceous material, whereby the oxygen becomes fixed by a portion
of the carbon, and carbonic oxide is formed, the hydrogen being thereby fixed; that
is to say, I prefer to use "water-gas" in some suitable form as already described;
the carbonic acid being inert in the presence of the tar vapours. In cases where the
fluid used to pulverize tar is warm or hot, I prefer to introduce the tar separate from
the pulverizing fluid in order to avoid choking as above mentioned; but at the same
time, by artificially cooling the passage or passages of the device for introducing
and pulverizing the tar, they may be introduced together and in and by the sam
device.
To do
In the manufacture of coal gas according to a modification of this Invention the
gas after leaving the coal distilling retorts is rid of its aquaeous vapours or moisture,
and tarry matters, to a considerable extent and so it is more or less dried.
this conveniently I cool it, preferably, gradually. This may be done by causing it to
pass through a cooling pipe or set of pipes, and preferably in a continuous stream;
such pipe being cooled by contact with the air or an equivalent fluid of a suitable
temperature, that is, a temperature which will not chill the gas suddenly-thereby
avoiding damage to it. The condensed matters are drawn off and the valuable portion
in the shape of tar and ammoniacal liquors preserved. After the aquaeous vapours
and other moisture and tarry matters are thus more or less removed and the gas
comparatively dry, I introduce it into the duct or chamber, the tar being also
introduced as above described, at the same time-and both are subjected to the heat
of the duct, the tar being thereby distilled, combines with the coal gas, the two
becoming a blended permanent gas. By this process the heat of the duct is not so
much absorbed in heating up the gas, and the result is an increased illuminating
power, and general better result.
I wish to state that the various modes of and means for introducing tar or oil and
gases, and the various parts of and arrangements or forms of the ducts or chambers
herein described, may be combined and arranged to operate in different ways, and
that the Invention is susceptible of modifications and variations of the modes of
conducting the processes and of means adapted to apply the liquids or gasos and
operate upon same, and of the arrangement, shape and construction of apparatus.
I will now proceed to describe the Invention more fully and with the aid of
Drawings. In the following description with reference to the Drawings the same
letters of reference are used throughout to denote the same, like, or equivalent parts
wherever they occur in the Drawings; and, therefore, it is to be understood, that
where, in the different drawings of the apparatus, certain parts are not mentioned
specifically with reference to any particular view or set of views of any particular
apparatus being described, the nature and function and operation of such parts
are to be taken to be those described in the first instance with reference to those letters.
In the apparatus herein fully described, some or all of the following main parts
appear in, or are specified in connection with, the different constructions and modifica-
tions; they are:-Coal distilling retorts; a heated duct or chamber or a plurality of
same; a retort or duct setting,-
,-or bench; a device for introducing tar to the ducts
or retorts; a tar supply pipe or pipe to said device; a metallic mouth piece or mouth
pieces to said retort or duct; vertical right angled branch on said duct; an artificially
cooled cooling passage on the gas outlet (and also in some cases in the gas or tar
inlet passage); a hydraulic or equivalent main or chamber; a gas main; a valve
controlling the gas entrance to the said ducts; a by-pass valve between the hydraulic
or like main and the gas main; ascension pipes; and dip pipes.

page_text: To convert an existing bench of retorts to my process according to this arrange-
ment of parts, and mode of conducting the process, the only main alterations to be
effected are:-to remove one of the dip pipes L, provide the top retort (or one of
them) with a passage D', and attach thereto the artificially cooled passage C, and also
to provide a far supply pipe and device Q, F.
To by-pass the gas from the retorts, that is, to cause it not to pass through the
duct D, the valves H and N are shut, and Jopen.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate-in end view and sectional elevation respectively a
modified mode of conducting the process set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 ;
namely, the gas from the retort is caused to enter the duct D, by its vertical passage D'
(on which is an artificially cooled entrance pipe B), and leave it by the mouth 0, on
which is located the artificially cooled exit pipe : otherwise the operation is
practically the same.
Figure 5 shows, in front elevation, an arrangement in which three existing benchos
of retorts are converted to my process of manufacturing gas, and consists in using
two ducts (which may be of the kinds described) in the central bench-the rest of the
coal distilling retorts being still used, or not, as required, and in introducing a
division a in the hydraulic main A, at a point above the centre, so that the gas
from each outside bench and that from the two side retorts of the central bench.
passes into one duct, the other duct serving in the same way for the other retorts.
The gas in this case is caused to enter the duct through a branch passage, through
the roof of the bench G (such passage being of the kind shown in Figures 8 and 9
hereinafter described) and leaves it by an artificially cooled outlet C, placed in any
suitable way.
It may be here remarked that when the outlet is at or towards the back of the
retort benches, the point or mode of placing it on or in connection with the duct will
depend upon the kind of works to which the invention is being applied, that is, whether
they have "through" retorts, or back to back" arrangements of "single" benches,
or otherwise.
In Figures 6 and 7 is shown-in half sectional end view and sectional elevation
respectively an arrangement in which four ducts are arranged in a bench by them-
selves and adapted to take the gas from four benches of coal distilling retorts; (of
course by using more ducts in a bench in this way the gas from more benches of
retorts may be operated upon); it being convenient and preferred to use one duct.
to each bench. If the benches are existing ones, the hydraulic or other main may
be partitioned off to take the gas from each bench, and the gas led therefrom by
pipes H to the hydraulic or other main or chamber of the duct bench, which is also
partitioned off by diaphragms a¹; from these divisions the gas is led by the pipes H.
to their respective ducts D. The tar is introduced by any of the kind of injecting or
forcing devices F herein described; the tar being led thereto from the tar main Q
by branches g.
.
The ducts D may be ordinary retorts with vertical passages D₁ added thereto,
as shown; or they may be of any of the types herein specified or shown; and
the gas conducted through them in any of the ways described, or in any suitable
way.
Figures 8 and 9 show-in sectional elevation and half sectional front view-a
bench of ducts D adapted to operate in connection with a plurality of benches of coal
distilling retorts, in the manner set forth with reference to Figures 6 and 7, but the
gas is supplied and distributed to the ducts under a pressure greater than it would be
when in the ducts: this is to ensure proper distribution. To do this, the gas from
the ducts must be exhausted, or the gas in the main H under a slight pressure-say
from 5 to 6 pounds.
The whole, or only part of the gas made in the coal retorts may be introduced into
these ducts as required also a suitable diluent, such as hydrogen, water gas,
producer gas, or the like, may be introduced with the coal gas or hydrogen. Or, any
suitable gas containing free hydrogen, such as water gas, and the like, may be
introduced and used alone with the tar, and serve to combine with the tar gas and be

page_text: mixed together. In such cases the bulk of the gases so introduced would serve also
as a diluent to the tar gas.
In this case, as in all others herein described, a valvo q² would be provided on each
tar supply branch pipe q¹ to control its supply.
According to a modified mode or method of making gas from tar, I first pulverize
it into a comminuted form, subsequently heat it, and then cool it. Apparatus for
operating according to this method is illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, in half
sectional end view, and sectional side elevation, respectively. In this case the
pulverization of the tar is effected within the duct, but it may be done before
entering the duct. The pulverization is effected by coal gas, hydrogen, water gas,
or other hydrogenized gas, under pressure (say, for example, of from 5 to
lbs. per
square inch), which is introduced into cach duct mouth O in a jet or jets from a
compressed gas supply pipe H2-through branches h¹ and nozzle ², the tar falling
into the jet or jets. The introduction of the tar takes place through the pipe f¹ of
the device F, such device and pipe being kept cool for the purpose of prevention of
blocking or choking up, by the hollow artificially cooled throat o, this throat also
shielding the parts from the heat of the duct D.
Tar when in a pulverized state is in a condition in which it very readily becomes
gasified by heat and combines freely with other gas such as of the nature described;
and hence, in passing through the hot ducts D the two gases quickly and readily
unite and become permanent. Subsequently they are cooled in passing through the
pipe C, whereby and wherein some of the non-permanent vapours become condensed,
the fixed gases rendered homogeneous, and the pipe C itself and others connected with
it prevented from becoming choked or blocked up.
A modified form of pulverizing device is illustrated in Figures 12 and 13 in sectional
elevation and end view respectively. This example is of the "injector" type, and the
gas is introduced by a nozzle 2, which surrounds the tar delivery pipe of the
device I, and the tar as it issues from the pipe is pulverized by the action of the gas
jet. This example must only be used when the gas is cool, but in such cases it serves
to keep cool the tar pipe and tar, and thereby prevents the blocking or choking up
of the device.
When the mode of making illuminating gas from tar in which it (the tar) is
pulverized and subsequently heated in its pulverized state, is carried on in conjunc-
tion with a coal distilling process in ordinary or other closed retorts, the tar may be
introduced into the retorts at the mouth as shown and described in the specification
of my former Letters Patent No. 161948, but under this invention of course it would
be pulverized in any suitable way as herein described. In this case the process
would be Distilling coal in an ordinary or like retort, and introducing tar into said
retort in a pulverized or comminuted form, by which the tar would be heated and
converted rapidly into gas; heating the tar and coal gases and causing them to mix
in the retort; and then cooling them upon leaving the retort by passing them through
an outlet pipe or passage artificially cooled.
Another modified device for introducing tar (also an artificially cooled one), is illus-
trated in Figures 14 and 15, in sectional elevation and sectional end view, respectively.
In this the tar delivery pipe f¹ is surrounded by a casing f2, and provided with
circulating pipes f³ through which water or other cooling fluid is caused to pass.
The tar may be supplied in this instance by branches q from the main Q as in
Figures 6 and 7.
In this case, as well as all those in which tar is introduced in a stream, horizontally,
or at an inclination to the horizontal plane, and the delivery pipe is arranged such as
in the Figures, the tar is forced into the duct by a natural head of liquid or by other
force, so that it shall fall onto a highly heated surface of the duct or chamber into
which it is introduced, and thereby become properly gasified.
In Figures 16 and 17 is illustrated, in sectional elevation and end sectional view,
respectively, a type of duct which may be used in connection. with a bench of coal
distilling retorts, in the manner above described, or to form a bench of ducts; or in
any other way. In this case the gas inlet pipe H is on the mouthpiece O, and the

page_text: artificially cooled outlet C for the combined tar and coal gas (or other hydrogenized
gas) is also on the mouth, a partition or diaphragm D³ being provided inside the duct
to cause the gas delivered to it by the pipe H-as well as that distilled from the tar
introduced by the device F, to pass together to the end of the diaphragın, and round,
and back again on the other side, and out by the cooled pipe ().
By this arrangement and construction any retort of a bench of retorts, may be
adapted to serve as a tar distilling duct (or set of ducts) by merely providing a new,
mouthpiece, artificially cooled exit passage, and tar introducing device (which may be
of any suitable kind whether of the pulverizing type or not); and all or only a
part of the coal gas may be passed into such ducts as may be deemed expedient.
The arrangement of duct shown Figure 18, is a modification of that shown in
Figures 16 and 17, the modification consisting of the employment of a tube D³
therein, in lieu of a partition or diaphragm. The arrows in the figure indicate the
course of the gases in their flow into, through, and out of the duct. In this case, or
the one shown in Figures 16 and 17, the plate or tube D³, as the case may be, may
be made in pieces and made to work telescopically, so that by moving the loose end
in or out, the gases may be caused to travel a greater or less distance through the
retort; and consequently by this means the temperature to which they may be beated
can be controlled or regulated.
Another modification of the process according to the Invention, consists in drying
the coal gas after it leaves the coal distilling retorts, and before it enters the duct
or ducts. The drying is effected by ridding it of a large portion of its moisture.and
condensible matters, by cooling the gas, and this is, by preference, effected gradually.
The drying may be conveniently done by passing it through a pipe' or pipes, and
subjecting it to a gradual cooling for a considerable length or extent of cooling
surface, such as is done with ordinary illuminating gas after leaving the hydraulic
main, and before being delivered to the condensers. In this way a considerable
quantity of aquaeous and other vapours in the gas are gradually condensed, and, they
are run off from the cooling pipe or device and collected; the dried gas is 'then
returned to the apparatus, and delivered into the duct; ducts, or chambers, and
heated tar is also introduced and distilled and the process otherwise conducted as
previously described.
I find that this modified process tends to produce a gas of better illuminating
qualities, in cases where much vapour of water exists in it, than when the gas is
not dried; and therefore when convenient, it is better to treat gas of such a nature
according to this method.
In Figures 19 and 20 I show, in sectional elevation, and half sectional and half out-
side view, respectively, a duct adapted to treat a large quantity of gas and tar. In
this case the gas made in or by a plurality of retorts or benches of retorts, is conducted
to this duct and introduced into it in conjunction with a quantity of tar. The node
of treatment of gas and tar is the same as that carried out in the duct D, set forth
with reference to Figures 3 and 4; that is to say, the gas from the retorts or benches
of retorts is conducted from a hydraulic main or other conduit through the artificially
cooled passage or pipe B,-in which point the tar supply device F is fixed,--into
the upright tapering portion D' of the duct, and the coal gas, and the gas resulting
from the distillation of the tar due to the heat of the duct, become heated and mixed.
Upon leaving the duct D the gases are passed through the artificially cooled exit
passage in the mouth of the duct and cooled. The resulting compound gas is a
permanent and homogeneous one. The object of the taper shape of the neck D¹ is to'
effect an eddying and consequent better mixing of the gases.
The duct, it will be seen, is set in a bench, say of about the size of an ordinary
retort bench, and is heated by a fire below practically in the same manner as the
retorts are heated.
-
In all cases when a rich
gas is required a suitable diluent gas may be introduced
into the apparatus and mixed with the gases made. According to one mode of
producing a comparatively weak gas, but a large volume, by my process in a gas
n

page_text: works, I make a portion of the total production of gas, of a high illuminating
power in the manner hereinbefore described, and the rest of the gas is made by
the existing or ordinary apparatus and system from inferior coal; and these two
portions, cause to travel through and mix. thoroughly, in a common main or pipes,
and then through the condensers, purifiers, etcetera, and then to a common: holder.
Although in describing this Invention, tar is the liquid hydrocarbon which has been
particularly mentioned as being used and introduced into the apparatus, it is to. be
understood that the Invention is applicable also in many respects to be used in cases
where other heavy or crude hydrocarbon.liquids, or oils are employed for the purpose
of distillation and conversion into gas for lighting and heating purposes.
I also wish it to be understood that the various parts herein described and shown
may be used in combination with each other.in various ways, such uses and combina-
tions naturally depending in a great measure upon expediency, and upon the conditions
of the various applications of the invention; and further, that the Invention is
susceptible substantially to all forms and arrangements of ordinary existing gas making
apparatus, whilst in cases in, which the invention is to be applied to new works the
construction and arrangements of parts may be designed in various ways and forms
without departing from the spirit or scope of the Invention and,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim in respect thereof is specified or pointed out in the following claiming clauses,
that is to say;
gas
1. The improvement. in the manufacture of gas for illuminating and heating purposes,
as set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2, which consists in introducing coal g
at, one end of a single duct or chamber; and introducing and distilling: tar towards or
near the outlet end thereof, said coal gas being heated prior to combining with the
tar gas; and then heating both. the coal and tar gas, and then cooling, same.
2. The arrangement of parts substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 1.
and. 2, that is to say, an arrangement. wherein the gas produced from a bench of
coal distilling retorts is caused to pass into a hydraulic or other equivalent main.
or chamber, and from such main or chamber to pass by a pipe to the mouth of and
into a single heated duct in said.bench, and to leave said duct by a vertical branch
through the roof of said bench, being cooled by a cooling passage upon leaving, said.
bench.
3. The arrangement of parts substantially as set forth with reference to. Figures.3
and 4, that is to say, an arrangement wherein the gas produced from a bench of coal
distilling retorts is caused to pass into a hydraulic or other equivalent main or chamber,
and.from such.main or chamber, to pass through a pipe through the roof of said:
bench into a duct, and to leave said duct by way of: the mouth,, being cooled by a
cooling passage upon said mouth when leaving said duct.
4. The arrangement. specified in claims 2 and 3 in combination with a device
for introducing tar, said device being disposed above the vertical exit, portion, (D')
of said duct, and arranged. to deliver the tar directly into the duct;. substantially
as described.
5. The particular combinations, constructions and arrangements of parts of the
benches G set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 ;. and 3 and 4, consisting mainly
of the coal retorts I, having ascension pipes K,..main .A, pipe H, duct. D having, a
vertical, pipe or passage.D and arranged in: the upper. portion of the bench,,cooling,
passage C, gas main E, and tar, introducing device. F; and, also said parts.in
combination.with the by-pass pipe J, and valves J' and N..
6. The improvement substantially..as herein described in the manufacture of gas
for illuminative and heating purposes, which consists in distilling coal.in.benches of
retorts, as.ordinarily constructed and effected, leading the gas so made by suitable
conduits to a bench of heated ducts, retorts, or chambers whereby and wherein it is
beated, and also introducing tar into said ducts, retorts or chambers, whereby.the. gas.

page_text: tar is distilled and coal and tar gas combined, and then cooling said combined. gases
upon leaving the ducts, retorts, and chambers.
7. The arrangement substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 5, wherein
coal is distilled in benches in the ordinary way, and the gas is led by suitable conduits
to a bench of heated ducts or retorts, wherein it is heated, and tar is being introduced
and distilled, and on the outlets of which cooling passages are employed for the
purposes of cooling the combined coal and tar gas upon leaving the said ducts or
retorts.
8. In apparatus for making gas from tar, the combination of a duct, retort, or
chamber devices or means for introducing coal gas, hydrogen, or othor hydrogenated
gases, and tar at the mouth thereof; and a cooling outlet passage above, at, or on the
same end; said parts being arranged in such a manner that the tar is distilled,
and said tar and other gases are heated, and then cooled.
9. An apparatus for making gas from tar comprising a duct or retort D, having a
partition or diaphragm or pipe D³, and a mouth O; an inlet pipe or passage H on
said mouth for admitting gas thereto; a device F for introducing tar to said duct or
retort and a cooling passage Con said mouth O, by which the gases are led away
from the retort or duct; operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth;
and also as described particularly with reference to Figures 16, 17 and 18 of the
drawings.
10. In the manufacture of gas used for illuminating or heating purposes, the
method of making gas from tar (or other hydro-carbon liquid) herein described,
consisting of pulverizing it, of subsequently heating it, and of then cooling it.
11. In the manufacture of gas used for illuminating and heating purposes, the
method herein described of making gas from tar (or other hydrocarbon liquid),
consisting of pulverizing it, then heating it in the presence of hydrogen, carburetted
hydrogen, water-gas, or their equivalent, and then cooling it.
12. In the manufacture of gas for illuminating and heating purposes, from coal
and tar, in retorts, introducing said tar into the retorts in a pulverized state, whereby
said tar is forced completely into the hot portion of the retort, and is in a condition
to be readily converted into gas, and to combine with the coal gas, forming
illuminating gas.
13. In the manufacture of gas for illuminative and heating purposes from coal and
tar, in retorts, the improvement substantially herein described, consisting of distilling
coal in said retorts, introducing tar in pulverized or comminuted form into said
retorts, and distilling same therein, then cooling the combined coal and tar gases
upon leaving said retort.
14. In the manufacture. of gas for illuminating and heating purposes, in which
tar is employed for the purposes set forth, cooling said tar during, or prior to, its
introduction into the apparatus; substantially as set forth.
15. In the manufacture of gas used for illuminating purposes, from tar, and in a
heated chamber or retort, effecting the pulverization or atomization and introduction
of tar by a jet or stream of hydrogen, water gas, carburetted hydrogen, or equiva-
lent gas, the tar being brought into contact with the jet or stream of gas upon or
after leaving the device, or means by which it is introduced into the distilling chamber
or retort.
16. In the manufacture of gas used for illuminating or heating purposes, from tar,
in which the tar is introduced into a distilling retort or chamber in a pulverized state,
a device controlled and operating substantially as herein described for effecting the
pulverization of said tar, in the said heated duct or chamber, that is to say, a device
or pipe wherein the tar in its passage through it, is prevented from becoming heated
by artificially cooling same with a cooling fluid; whereby said device is prevented
from choking or becoming blocked up.
17. In apparatus for manufacturing gas used for illuminating or heating purposes,
from tar, the combination of a retort or chamber adapted to be heated and to disti!
tar; a nozzle or pipe by which a jet or stream of hydrogen, water gas, carburetted
hydrogen or equivalent gas, is delivered under pressure into the retort or chamber;

page_text: and a nozzle or pipe by which tar is introduced and caused to come into contact with
said jet or stream of gas, and pulverized or atomized thereby.
18. In apparatus for manufacturing gas used for illuminating or heating purposes,
from tar, the combination of a retort or chamber adapted to be heated and to distil
tar, a nozzle or pipe by which a jet or stream of hydrogen, water gas, carburetted
hydrogen or equivalent gas is delivered under pressure into a duet, retort or chamber;
a nozzle or pipe by which the tar is introduced and caused to come into contact
with said jet or stream of gas, and pulverized or atomized thereby; and an
artificially cooled gas exit passage on or in connection with the duct, retort or
chamber.
19. The arrangement or combination of artificially cooled tar introducing device F
and mouth 0; substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 14 and 15 of the
Drawings; and also the construction of same and mode of introducing tar thereto,
and the cooling fluid to and from same.
20. The arrangement or combination and construction of the artificially cooled tar
introducing device F, mouth O and pulverizing fluid nozzle or pipe H² substantially
as set forth with reference to Figure 10 of the Drawings.
21 The combination with the mouth or end of a tar distilling duct, retort, or
clamber, of a tar atomizer or pulverizer, or nozzles or pipes, adapted to deliver
atomized or pulverized tar to said duct, retort or chamber, and an artificially cooled
throat, duct, or lining, whereby the parts at or near said mouth are kept comparatively
cool; substantially as set forth.
22. Apparatus for manufacturing gas for illuminating and heating purposes, from
tar, substantially as herein described, that is to say, a plurality of ducts, retorts, or
chambers, arranged and combined in a bench and heated by a suitable furnace, each
of said ducts, retorts or chambers being provided with means for introducing tar,
and a cooling pipe or chamber, through which the gases generated in said retorts or
chambers, are passed.
23. Apparatus for manufacturing gas for illuminating and heating purposes, from
tar, substantially as herein described, that is to say, a plurality of ducts, retoris, or
chambers, arranged and combined in a bench and heated by a suitable furnace, each
of said retorts or chambers being provided with means for introducing tar, and means
for introducing carburetted hydrogen, water gas, or other equivalent gas, and a
cooling pipe or chamber through which the gases leaving the ducts, retorts, or
chambers are passed.
24. A bench of ducts or retorts for manufacturing gas for illuminating and
heating purposes, from tar, constructed substantially as set forth, with reference
to Figures 1 to 8 of the Drawings, that is to say, a bench of retorts wherein
each retort is provided with an upright neck D' through which tar is passed thereto.
25. Apparatus for manufacturing gas for illuminating and heating purposes, from
tar, constructed substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 1 to 8, that is to
say, a bench of retorts wherein each retort is provided with an upright neck D,
through which tar is passed thereto.
26. In the manufacture of gas for illuminative or heating purposes, apparatus
arranged and constructed substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 19
and 20, that is to say, a duct or oven (D), arranged in a setting, (G), and heated
externally, said duct being provided with means for introducing tar thereto, and an
inlet pipe for the gas, and an artificially cooled passage by which the resultant gases
are cooled upon leaving the duct or oven also the construction of duct consisting
of the portions D and D', combined with the tar introducing device F and artificially
cooled exit passage C, as shown in said Figures.
27. In apparatus for making gas from coal, distilling coal in one or more benches
of retorts of ordinary construction, then heating the gas produced by passing it
through a heated duct or ducts as described, and then cooling the gas by passing it
through an artificially cooled chamber or pipe; also distilling coal in one or more
other benches of retorts of ordinary construction; and then conveying the said, gases
from both of said benches or sets of benches of gas making apparatus and causing

page_text: said gases to mix homogeneously by passing them through condensing and purifying
apparatus and into a holder common to both of said apparatus ; for the purposes set
forth.
28. In apparatus for manufacturing gas for illuminative and heating purposes,
a duct, retort or chamber, (such as shown in Figure 10) having a cooling chamber
or device in or on the mouth thereof at which tar is introduced, for the purposes set
forth.
29. The bench of retorts for manufacturing gas for illuminating and heating
purposes, from tar, constructed and arranged as set forth with reference to Figures 3
and 4 of the Drawings, that is to say, a bench of retorts arranged horizontally or
inclined, each retort being provided with a suitable device by which tar, or tar and
hydrogen, or gas containing hydrogen, are introduced at one end, and provided with
a cooling passage or duct at the outlet end.
Dated this 24th day of December 1889
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agent.