Improvements in Dynamometers.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GEORGE WASHINGTON LEWIN, of the City
of Fall River, in the County of Bristol, and State of Massachusetts, United
States of America, Pattern Maker.]
Improvements in Dynamometers.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to devices for measuring, indicating and registering
mechanical power, and it consists of the novel construction and combination of the
several parts, as bereinafter particularly described.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a side elevation of my invention.
Figures 2 and 3, are side elevations of the same, partly in section, as seen on
line of Figure 6, showing respectively, the position of the eccentric and piston
at the beginning and end of a piston stroke.
Figures 4 and 5 show in elevation the pulley, flanged hub and springs, the
interior construction of my device, as seen, respectively, in the normal position and
working position of the same.
Figure 6 is a front elevation of my invention.
Figure 7 shows in elevation the interior construction of the pulley.
Figure 8 shows in side elevation one of the flanged hubs and the lever connected
therewith.
Figure 9 is a view of the pulley in diametrical section.
Figure 10 shows in diametrical section the pair of flanged hubs and the
lever.
Figure 11 shows my invention in plan when the pulley is divided and the piston
is connected with the vibrating arm of a registering device.
Figure 12 is a view of the same, partly in side elevation and partly in section on
line, of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a view of the same, partly in front elevation and partly on line ww,
of Figure 11.
Figure 14 is a side elevation of the outer and cam-slotted plates of the resistance
pulley.
Figure 15 is a plan view of said resistance pulley in a
shown in Figure 14.
position reverse to that
Figure 16 is a sectional view of said pulley, as seen on line vv, of Figure 15,
with the shaft, pin and radial arms in elevation.
Figure 17 is a plan view of the outer plate of the driving pulley.
Figure 18 is a plan view of the interior of said driving pulley, after the plate has
been removed therefrom.
Figure 19 is a sectional view of the driving pulley, as seen on line y y,
of Figure 17, with the shaft and radial arms in elevation.
Figure 20 is plan view, showing the interior of said resistance pulley and
driving pulley (after the plate last aforesaid has been removed,) with the shaft in
cross section and the springs in elevation.

page_text: 1 represents a shaft, mounted rotatably in bearings of standards or hangers 2,
and turned by a prime motor. Cap pieces 3, cover the ends of the shaft 1, being
secured in place by bolts, as shown.
A driving pulley 4, is loosely mounted upon the shaft 1. It has a broad rim and
a diaphragm or web 5, the latter being provided with a central bore or aperture 6,
by which it is loosely mounted upon said shaft 1. Lugs 7, preferably integral with
the pulley, are arranged radially upon the web and the interior surface of the rim
at equal distances apart. Each lug 7, has a shallow socket 8, upon one of its
radial faces.
Flanged hubs 9, 9, are provided with radial equidistant arms 10, 10, one of
which is cut away, as at 11 in Figures 4, 5 and 8, and each of said arms 10
has a lug 12, which is made with a shallow socket 13, as indicated in dotted lines
in Figures 4 and 5. One of these flanged hubs 9, is mounted by its tubular bore
on the shaft 1, on each side of and in contact with the web 5, of the pulley 4, and
is secured to the shaft 1, by the set screw 14, or by a key or other desired
fastening means. The number of the radial arins 10 of the flanged hubs 9, should
be equal to the number of lugs 7, of the pulley 4.
A pin 15, mounted by a screw thread in a boss 16 of one of the flanged hubs 9,
serves as a pivot for a lever 17, which is mounted at one end on said pin by a
tubular portion or sleeve 18, which portion at its exterior surface is formed with
an angular boss 19 (see Figure 10). The lever 17 at its outer or free end
has a slot 20, through which extends a stud or pin 21, from the web 5 of the
pulley 4.
Spiral springs 22 extend from the lugs 7, 12, respectively of the pulley and
flanged hub, being seated in the sockets 8 and 13, as shown.
A wheel 23, provided with a flange-24, has a circular plate 25, fastened thereto
by screws 26. It has a curved slot 27, whose width is equal to the diameter of the
shaft 1, which slot at its ends is formed in the same arc as the circumference of
said shaft. In Figure 2, the wheel 23, is centered upon the shaft 1, concentric
with the pulley 4, while in Figure 3, said wheel is shown with the outer end of the
slot 26 upon the shaft 1, eccentrically with the pulley 4. The wheel 23, is
pivotally mounted upon the pin 15 and has a slightly oscillating movement thereon,
while being connected to the flanged hub 9, by said pin (which hub is itself
fastened to the shaft), said wheel 23 normally turns with the shaft and pulley, but
is capable also of said independent oscillating movement on said pin. The
wheel 23, through an aperture, not shown, receives the bossed portion 19 of the
sleeve 18, of the lever 17 and so is moved upon the pin 15, by the action of said
lever 17.
Upon the periphery of the wheel 23, between the flange 24, thereof and the
circular plate 25, is loosely mounted the ring 28 of a piston rod 29, and at the end
of the piston rod 29, is a piston 30, within a cylinder 31.
The cylinder 31, is pivotally mounted by trunnions upon a bifurcated support 32,
80 as to have a slightly oscillating movement therein. Said support 32, is fastened
to the bed 33, of the machine. Air holes 34, are provided at the inner end of the
cylinder 31.
A flexible tube 35, extends from the cylinder 31 at its front end and is
continuous with the opening 36 thereof. The tube 35, enters into the pipe 37,
which has two branches, each having a check valve 38, one of said branches
being open at its end and constituting an inlet pipe for the entrance of air,
and the other branch entering a meter 39, which has a dial 40, and index 41.
On each side of the pulley 4, is a face plate 42, to cover and protect the interior
mechanism. Said face plate is secured by screws 43, which enter the lugs 12,
of the flanged bubs 9.
An index or pointer 44, extends from the flange 24, of the wheel 23 and an
index plate 45, is placed on the face plate 42, on that side.
The dotted line 46, indicates the belt passing around the pulley.
Instead of using a meter to measure and record the power by the flow or current

page_text: of air through the same, I may use a registering device, consisting of a train of
gearing, operated by means of a vibrating arm, which is connected to the piston
rod 29, which registering device is shown in connection with the dynamometer
in Figures 11, 12 and 13.
In order to use the geared registering device, it is, however, necessary to make
the pulley in two parts and to use two shafts, which abut each other. These shafts
are designated as 47, and 48, in Figures 11 to 20, inclusive, the driving pulley
as 49 and the resistance pulley as 50. The driving pulley 49, is fastened by a
spline or key fitting into a longitudinal groove of the shaft 47, and in a longitudinal
groove in the bore of the hub 51 of the driving pulley 49. The driving pulley 49
besides said hub 51, has a cireular rim provided with radial arms 52, integral
therewith and extending therefrom inwardly until they unite in a central
web 53, as fully illustrated in Figure 18. From the radial arms extend
lugs 54, 55, inwardly and outwardly, as shown in Figure 19.
a shallow socket 56. A face plate 57, constitutes the outer side of the pulley 49,
being attached thereto by screws 58, which enter holes 59, in the lugs 54,
respectively. The pin 21, is shown in Figure 19, in elevation and in Figures 18
and 20, in top plan and in Figure 17, in dotted lines.
In each lug there is
The pulley 50, is the resistance pulley and is fastened on the shaft 48, by
a spline 60. This resistance pulley 50, has a hub 61, a circular rim and radial
arins 62, integral therewith and extending inwardly therefrom until they unite in
a central web 63, as illustrated in Figure 15. From the radial arms 62, extend
lugs 64, 65, outwardly and inwardly, as shown in Figure 16. In each lug there is
a socket 66. A face plate 67, constitutes the outer side of the pulley 50, being
attached thereto by screws 68, which enter holes in the lugs 64, respectively.
The tubular barrel or sleeve 18, has at one end a lever arm 17, with a head or
enlargement at its outer end, where there is provided a slot 20 and at the other
end is the wheel 23, having the circumferential groove and the curved radial
elot 27, as already described. The face plate has a hole sufficient to allow the
passage of the sleeve 18 through it. The pin 15 passes through the wheel 23 and
the sleeve 18 and by means of a screw thread at its end, is fastened to the web 63,
of the pulley.
A box or case 69, contains the geared registering mechanism. This consists of
a shaft 70, mounted in the case 69, and having a worm gear 71, thereon. At the
end of the shaft 70, is a ratchet wheel 72. There are three cross shafts 73, 74, 75,
shown in Figure 13. On the cross shaft 73, is the pinion 77 and also the cogged
wheel 76, engaging with the worm gear 71. The pinion 77, engages with a cog
wheel 78, upon the shaft 74, on which shaft is also a pinion 79. The pinion 79,
engages with the cog wheel 80, upon the shaft 75. At the end of the shaft 74, is
the index 81, and on the end of the shaft 75, is the index 82. Dials 83 and 84,.
properly marked, enable the reading of the position of the indexes 81 and 82,
thereon, respectively.
A spring 85, fastened to the case 69, has its free end bearing against the face of
the ratchet wheel 72. A vibrating arm 86, having a transverse enlargement
(shown in Figure 12), is pivoted loosely in the shaft 70, and carries two pawls 87
and 88 pivotally mounted on said enlarged portion of the vibrating arm 86, and
engageable with the ratchet teeth of the wheel 72. The upper end of the arın 86,.
is screw-threaded to adinit of the proper adjustment thereon of a collar or
sleeve 89. The vibrating arm 86, is bifurcated, as seen in Figure 13, to lie on
both sides of the ratchet wheel.
The rod 29, of the ring 28, is connected with the top of the vibrating
arm 86.
The pulleys 49 and 50 are placed together, as illustrated in Figure 20, with
spiral springs 90 between the lugs 54, 64, 55, 65, respectively, seated in the
sockets 56, 66, of said lugs, as shown. The slotted end 20 of the lever arın 17, in
the pulley 50, is engaged with the fixed pin 15, of the pulley 49. The inner ends
of the shafts 47 and 48 abut each other.

page_text: Having thus described the several parts of my device, I will proceed to explain
its operation.
The normal position of the parts is shown in Figures 2 and 4, in which it is
seen that the wheel 23, is in a position concentric with the pulley 4, and the spiral
springs 22 are extended. In this position the machine indicates no power and is
doing no work.
But when work is done and power is expended, which it is desired to measure
and record, the shaft 1, is turning with a certain power and the belt 46, has a
frictional contact with the pulley 4, and causes a strain, drag, or resistance, which
is equivalent to the power to be measured and registered. As the pulley, so
dragged by the belt is loose upon the shaft 1, while the flanged hubs 9, 9, are
fastened to the shaft and turn therewith, the lugs 12, of the flanged hubs 9, which
have been in juxtaposition with the lugs 7, of the pulley 4, as seen in Figure 4,
separate therefrom, because the rotation of the shaft 1, is in one direction and the
movement of the belt 46, drags the pulley 4, in the opposite direction. This
diverging movement of the adjacent lugs 7, 12, compresses the springs 22, as seen
in Figure 5.
The stud pin 21, of the pulley 4, travelling with said pulley in a direction
opposite to that of the rotation of the shaft 1, until the resistance of the springs 22,
is balanced, causes the lever 17, which turns with its sleeve 18, upon the pin 15,
extending from the flanged hub 9, to move to a greater or less degree, and this
movement is communicated to the wheel 23, which by said sleeve 18, is also
pivotally mounted on the pin 15, and connected by its aperture to the angular
boss 19, of the sleeve 18, of the lever 17. The wheel 23, is thus thrown out of its
former position, concentric with the pulley 4, and so the angular separation or
divergence of the lugs 7, 12, of the pulley 4, and the flanged hubs 9, respectively,
results in a more or less eccentricity of the position of the wheel 23, illustrated in
its fullest extent in Figure 3.
Whenever the wheel 23, is to any extent eccentric in its position upon the
pulley 4, the revolution of the pulley and the wheel thereon, so eccentrically
positioned, results in a reciprocating movement of the piston rod 29, by reason of
the ring connection 28, thereof with the wheel 23.
The reciprocating movements of the piston rod are exactly proportionate to the
degree of the eccentricity of the position of the wheel 23, upon the pulley 4, and
the eccentricity of the position of the wheel 23, is exactly proportionate to the
angular divergence of the lugs 7, 12, of the pulley 4, and the flanged hub 9, and
this divergence is produced by the resistance of the pulley 4, under the action of
the springs 22, to the shaft 1.
The reciprocating movement of the rod 29, is adapted to operate any suitable
registering mechanism. In Figures 1, 2, and 3, I show a meter, adapted to
measure and record the flow of a current of air, while in Figures 11, 12 and 13,
I show a gearing adapted to move indexes around dials.
I will first describe the registering meter. The piston 30, and the cylinder 31,
are practically an air pump. The length of the stroke of the piston rod 29,
determined as above described, regulates the quantity of air pumped or passed
through the cylinder. This air enters the inlet branch of the pipe 37, the
valve 38, thereof, allowing the air to enter, but preventing it from being discharged
from that branch of the pipe. The air thus sucked into the cylinder by the piston
on the inward stroke of the piston-rod, is discharged by the piston on the return
or outward stroke of the rod, and passes through the other branch of the pipe and
the valve thereof into the meter 39, and out of the same through an outlet (not
shown) and the amount of air thus discharged from the cylinder by the piston
and passed through the meter is indicated by the index 41, upon the dial 40, and
thus registers the amount of the power of the resistance of the springs 22, in the
pulley 4, due to the rotation of said pulley and shaft. The air so entering the
meter flows therefrom by any suitable outlet. The movement of the index may
by gearing be communicated to other indexes as in the case of gas meters and

page_text: thus a record may be made of the total quantity of air passed through the meter
during an extended period and so will indicate the total amount of power
expended.
In case the registering means is the device shown in Figures 11, 12, and 13,
each stroke of the rod 29, vibrates the arm 86, pivotally connected by ear pieces
therewith, and said arm 86, by means of its pawls 87, 88 imparts a corresponding
movement of rotation to the ratchet wheel 72. The wheel 72, is advanced by the
forward movement of the vibrating arm 86, but is held firm against a return
movement by the friction or pressure of the spring 85, upon its face.
The rotation of the ratchet wheel 72, turns the main shaft 70, of the registering
device, to which it is fastened, and with it the worm gear 71. The rotation of the
worm gear 71, turns the cog wheel 76, and the pinion 77, on the cross-shaft 73,
and the said pinion 77, turns the cog wheel 78, aud pinion 79, on the cross
shaft 74, and the pinion 79, turns the cog wheel 80, on the shaft 75. The shaft 74,
carries the index 81, around the dial 83, and the shaft 75 carries the index 82
around the dial 84. Every rotation of the pulley 50 therefore, whenever the
wheel 23, is eccentrically positioned on said pulley, causes the rod 29 to move
reciprocally and thereby to vibrate the arm 86, which movement being communi-
cated by the train of gearing, causes the indexes to advance over the dials,
respectively.
In further explanation of the operation of my device, for the sake of simplicity,
I will suppose the pulleys 40, 50, to be twelve inches in circumference and that
the power or tension of the springs 90, is such as to resist a total amount
of 550 pounds on a leverage of 1 29/32 inches (which is the radius of a circle
whose circumference is twelve inches).
As one horse-power is a force which can raise 33,000 pounds 12 inches in one
minute, it would be equivalent to a force which can raise 550 pounds 12 inches
in one second, or, in one hour (-3600 seconds), it would raise 33,000 pounds
60 feet.
Therefore, when the parts are properly adjusted, 3600 revolutions of the
pulleys in one hour will indicate one-horse power if the springs constantly
resist 550 pounds, and if the wheel 23, is at its extreme of eccentricity, illustrated
in Figure 12, while any less degree of said eccentricity will require a proportion-
ately greater number of revolutions of said pulleys: that is to say, if the rod 29,
is reciprocated to its fullest extent, the vibrating arm 86, will be correspondingly
moved, so that 3600 reciprocations of the rod 29, will result in 3600 full
vibrations of the arm 86 and the index 81 will make oue circuit on the dial 83,
and will thereby indicate that one-horse power has been used: but any less
eccentricity of the wheel will correspondingly shorten the reciprocating movement
of the rod 29, and a correspondingly greater number of reciprocations of said rod
and of vibrations of the arm 66, will be required to move the index 81, around
the dial. When, however, said index has completed one circuit around the dial, at
whatever rate of speed, it shows the expenditure of one-horse power.
By the gearing shown, ten circuits of the index 81, on the dial 83, will cause
one circuit of the index 82, on its dial 84, and so other gearing, on the same
scale, will show on respective dials the hundreds and thousands of horse-power
used, and so on, as far as it may be desired to increase the number of dials and
indexes.
The pointer 44, and index plate 45, also serves to indicate at every instant the
present expenditure of power, as it shows the degree of the eccentricity of the
wheel on the pulley.
By passing one or more screws or bolts through the web 5, of the pulley 4, and
the flanged hubs 9, therein, the pulley is practically made a solid rigid pulley,
connected with and turning with the shaft and may thereupon be belted and used
like any ordinary pulley, but the device will not then register.
The present modes of ascertaining the amount of power at the very instant of
its use, are inadequate, inaccurate and are very largely dependent upon conjecture

page_text: while, so far as I know, there has never, hitherto, been any device adapted to
register the amount of power after it has been used. My device is capable not
only of indicating the amount of power used at any instant, but also of registering
the total amount of power which has been used during any period of time, and
hence is very useful in determining the rental of manufacturing apartments
furnished with power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a dynamometer, the combination of a shaft adapted to be rotated by
power, with a pulley loosely mounted on said shaft and movable by a belt, a flanged
hub or plate mounted and fastened on said shaft, springs mounted at their
opposite ends, respectively, on the pulley and flanged hub or plate and adapted
to resist pressure between said pulley and hub, and a registering device capable
of indicating the degree of the compression of said springs caused by the
resistance of the pulley and belt to the power of the shaft, substantially as
specified.
2. In a dynamometer, the combination of a shaft adapted to be rotated by
power, with a pulley loosely mounted on said shaft, movable by a belt and provided
with radially arranged lugs, a flanged hub mounted and secured upon said shaft
and provided with radial arms, each having a lug, spiral springs extending from
the pulley lugs to the lugs upon said arms of the flanged hub, respectively, and
adapted to resist pressure between said pulley lugs and the lugs on the flanged hub,
and a registering device adapted to indicate the amount of energy resisted by said
springs, substantially as described.
3. In a dynamometer, the combination of a shaft rotatable by power, with a
pulley loosely mounted on the shaft and driven by a belt and provided with a web
and with radially arranged lugs, a flanged hub secured to and rotatable with the
shaft and provided with radial arms, each having a lug, spiral springs extending
from the pulley lugs to the lugs upon the arms of said flanged hub, respectively,
a pin extending from the flanged hub, a lever having a sleeve furnished with an
angular boss and mounted by said sleeve on said pin, a wheel mounted eccentrically
upon said sleeve on the angular boss thereof, and having a curved slot to receive
said shaft, which slot extends from the centre of the wheel toward one side thereof,
a pin extending from the web of the pulley at a point near the rim of the pulley
and engageable with the outer end of the lever, all operating substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
4. The combination of a shaft rotatable by power, with a pulley loosely mounted
on the shaft and driven by a belt and provided with a web and with radially
arranged lugs, a flanged hub secured to and rotatable with said shaft and provided
with radial arms, each having a lug, spiral springs extending from the pulley lugs
to the lugs on the arms of said flanged hub, respectively, a pin extending from the
flanged hub, a lever having a sleeve furnished with an angular boss and mounted
by said sleeve on said pin, a wheel mounted eccentrically upon said sleeve on the
angular boss surface thereof, and having a curved slot to receive said shaft, which
slot extends to the centre of the wheel toward one side thereof, a pin extending
from the web of the pulley at a point near the rim of the pulley and engageable
with the outer end of the lever, a piston rod having a ring mounted movably
upon the rim of said wheel, and provided with a piston, a cylinder properly
supported in which said piston is reciprocally movable, a pipe to conduct the air
within said cylinder to a meter by the action of the piston and an index and
dial in said meter movable by the air current so produced, substantially as shown.
5. In a dynamometer, the combination of a pulley made in two parts, one having
a circumferential rim to receive a belt and being loosely mounted on a shaft, the
other fastened to the shaft, spiral springs connecting said two parts and com-
pressible by the opposite movement of said two parts, a pivotally mounted

page_text: eccentric on one of said parts capable of eccentric movement by its connection
with the other of said parts of the pulley, a cylinder and an air meter connected.
therewith and a piston in said cylinder provided with a piston rod adapted to be
reciprocated by the revolution of said eccentric, substantially as set forth.
6. In a dynamometer, the combination of a pulley made in two parts, one having
a circumferential rim to receive a belt and being loosely mounted on a shaft, the
other fastened to the shaft, spiral springs connecting said two parts and com-.
pressible by the opposite movement of said two parts, a pivotally mounted
eccentric on one of said parts capable of eccentric movement by its connection.
with the other part of the pulley and provided with an indicator, and an index
plate fixed in a position relative to said indicator such as to enable the indicator
to show thereon the degree of said eccentric movement, substantially as specified.
7. In a dynamometer, the combination of a registering device, having a vibrating
arm, a rod adapted to vibrate said arm and mounted at one end upon a resistance
pulley eccentrically thereto, a shaft to which said pulley is fastened, a second shaft
located with its end abutting the end of the shaft first mentioned and having
a driving pulley fastened thereon, a series of springs mounted upon said pulleys,
respectively, and means adapted to connect said pulleys and to vary the eccentricity
of the mounting of said rod in proportion to the degree of the compression of said
springs, substantially as described.
8. In a dynamometer, the combination of two shafts properly mounted and
having their ends abutting each other, means for rotating one of said shafts by
power, a spring or series of springs secured at one end to supports fixed upon the-
shaft last aforesaid and at the other end to supports fixed upon the other of said
shafts, which springs are adapted first to be compressed until their resistance is.
equal to the power applied to the driving shaft and then to communicate the power
from the first shaft to the second shaft to rotate the latter, a rod pivotally mounted
on the fixed supports for the second shaft, but eccentric thereto and adapted to.
have a variable reciprocating movement by means extending from the fixed
supports of the driving shaft to the fixed supports of the other shaft and movable-
in proportion to the angular divergence of said supports from each other and a
registering device having a vibrating arm adapted to be operated by said.
eccentrically mounted rod, substantially as shown.
9. In a dynamometer, the combination of two shafts properly mounted with
their ends abutting, the driving pulley 49 mounted on one of said shafts and
provided with the hub 51, the central web 53, the radial arms 52, and the lugs 54-
and 55, on said radial arms and having pin 15, the resistance pulley 50, mounted
on the other of said shafts and provided with the hub 61, the central web 63, the
radial arms 62, and the lugs 64, 65, on said arms and having the lever arm 17, with
a slotted end, the sleeve 18, and the circumferentially grooved wheel 23, made.
with the curved slot 27, therein, the pin 15, on which said lever arm 17, sleeve 18,
and wheel 23 are mounted, the springs 90 seated in the lugs 54, 64, 55, 65,
respectively, as shown, the ring 28 mounted on the wheel 23 and having a boss, the
rod 29, mounted in said boss, the vibrating arm 86 connected pivotally with the
rod 29 and the train of gearing adapted to be operated by said vibrating arm and
provided with indexes and dials, all arranged and operating substantially as and.
for the purposes specified.
Dated this 1st day of February 1896
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..