Year: 1874

page_text: moving table carrying a series of cutting wires, and with a stationary
abutment board. The clay which has been expressed through tho
expressing die or orifice is received on to the transversely moving table,
and by the lateral motion of such table is brought against the abutment
board which holds the clay stationary during the time the table is
sliding from under it, and the wires attached to such table are cutting
the clay into bricks. As the table slides from under the cut bricks
the endless web which also moves laterally with the table is brought
under the bricks which are separated from the cutting wires sufficiently
to admit the hand of tho attendant by imparting a slight movement
to the web by means of a winch handle on one of the carrying rollers.
The bricks are then pushed along by the hand of the attendant on
to the usual lifter board to be carried away to barrows or otherwise.
According to another modification the cut bricks may be pushed
by the hand of the attendant from off the endless web last referred
to direct on to the barrow, which should be of a height exactly to
correspond to that of the endless web, the receiving surface of the
said barrow being either a smooth lubricated surface, or composed of
two or more sets of rollers and endless webs, so that as cach row of
cut bricks is pushed by hand from the endless web first referred to
on to the first set of rollers and web on the barrow, they will move
forward the row previously placed thereon on to the second set of
rollers and web, and so on till the barrow is full, when it is wheeled
away to any desired locality, and the bricks lifted off by hand in the
usual manner, or lifted off by means of a peculiar lifter which I shall
now proceed to describe. This lifter consists of a number of tongs
or grippers corresponding to the bricks in each row, and suspended
from one common suspension bar along which the grippers are free to
slide or travel laterally so as to separate the bricks so soon as they have
been lifted from the barrow to the proper distances asunder for stacking.
The several grippers are connected together by links or sliding pins'
which will ensure the separation of the series on pulling the two outer
grippers along the bar. The row of bricks is then lifted by hand and:
deposited on the wall or stack.
In lieu of making the grippers separate the bricks, as above, the
bricks may be separated on the barrow itself by employing a series of
narrow metal strips or wooden boards corresponding in width to the
thickness of each brick. These strips or boards are all connected
2

page_text: together by loose links, so that on pulling the outer ones the rest will
be separated to the extent allowed by the connecting links.
According to another modification of cutting machine I dispense
with the endless web first referred to, and I deliver the bricks dircot
on to the barrow itself by pushing them from off the table by a
traversing pusher board past fixed cutting wires, the barrow being
arranged in the manner already described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 28th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
DUMBLETON PINFOLD, of Rugby, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold,
Her special license that I, the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
USED IN BRICKMAKING AND STACKING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say :—
My said Invention relates to what is known as the "cutting machine
or table," wherein the clay is cut into bricks by wires, and also to an
apparatus for lifting and stacking newly made bricks.
According to one arrangement of "cutting machine or table "I pro-
pose to combine a set of rollers or an endless web mounted on rollers with
a transversely moving table carrying a series of cutting wires, and with a
stationary abutment board. The clay which has been expressed through
thic expressing die or orifice of any suitable or well known brick machine
is received on to the transversely moving table, and by the lateral motion
of such table is brought against the abutment board which holds the
clay stationary during the time the table is sliding from under it, and
the wires attached to such table are cutting the clay into bricks. As
the table slides from under the cut bricks the endless web which is
carried on the same framing as the table and also moves laterally there-
with, is brought under the bricks which are separated from the cutting
wires sufficiently to admit the hand of the attendant behind them by
imparting a slight movement to the web either by means of a winch
handle on one of the carrying rollers, or by a self-acting ratchet motion.
The bricks thus separated from the cutting wires are then pushed along
by the aid of a board carried in the hand of the attendant, either on to
the usual lifter board or on to a grating or open work tray, having
rollers in the spaces between its carrying or supporting bars to be
carried away to barrows or otherwise.
According to another modification the cut bricks may be pushed by
the hand of the attendant from off the endless web last referred to direct
on to the barrow, which should be of a height exactly to correspond to
that of the endless web, the receiving surface of the said barrow being
either a smooth lubricated surface or composed of two or more sets of
rollers and endless webs, so that as cach row of cut bricks is pushed by
hand from the set of rollers or endless web herein-before referred to on
to the barrow, the said row of bricks will push forward the row

page_text: immediately in advance and previously placed on the barrow on to the
second set of rollers and web, and so on till the barrow is full, or cach
separate row of cut bricks may be pushed by hand at once into the final
position it is to take on the barrow. So soon as the barrow is full it is
wheeled away to any desired locality, and the bricks lifted off by hand in
the usual manner or by means of my peculiar lifter which I shall now
proceed to describe. This lifter consists of a number of tongs or grippers
corresponding to the bricks in each row, and suspended from one
common suspension bar along which the grippers are free to slide or
travel laterally, so as to separate the bricks so soon as they have been
lifted from off the barrow to the proper distances asunder for stacking.
The several grippers are connected together by links or sliding pins,
which will ensure the separation of the series on pulling the two outer
grippers along the bar. The row of bricks is then lifted by hand and
deposited on the wall or stack.
In lieu of making the grippers separate the bricks as above the bricks
may be separated on the barrow itself by employing a series of narrow
metal strips or wooden boards, corresponding in width to the thickness
of each brick. These strips or boards are all connected together by loose
links so that on pulling the outer ones, the rest will be separated to the
extent allowed by the connecting links.
According to another modification of cutting machine or table I
dispense with the set of rollers or endless web first referred to as being
carried on the framing of the traversing table, and I deliver the bricks
direct on to the barrow itself by pushing them from off the cutting table
by a traversing pusher board past fixed cutting wires, the top of the
barrow being arranged in the manner already described for the reception
of the successive rows of bricks. By this means it is obvious that tho
use of a moveable board for receiving the cut bricks, and for carrying
them to the drying stacks is entirely dispensed with, the machine itself
being made to load its own barrows.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the explanatory Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding
parts in all the corresponding Figures.
Fig. 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of my improved
cutting table: Tie 2 is a corresponding end elevation of the
sama

page_text: showing also the receiving barrow in position for receiving the cut
bricks which are pushed on to it by the hand of the attendant.
Fig. 2 shows in section a modified arrangement of the top of the
barrow; Fig. 3 represents a side elevation of the same barrow which
is shewn in end view in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section taken through the cutting
table and endless receiving web in connection therewith along the cut
lino 1-2, in Fig. 1, the said Figure also showing the application of a
portable grating or open work tray on to which the bricks are pushed by
hand, and by which they are carried to the stacks for drying, the said
bricks remaining upon the tray during such process.
Fig. 5 is a plan of a portion of the tray and endless receiving web.
Figs. 6 and 7 represent respectively a side and edge view of my
lifters for lifting a row of cut bricks from off a barrow and separating
the several bricks in the said row sufficiently for stacking.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, are diagrams showing different forms or
arrangements of receiving surfaces in conjunction with the cutting table.
to suit different qualities of clay, the surface most suitable for any
particular clay being readily ascertained by practice.
A, A, are two fixed standards carrying each an axle and pair of
flanged wheels B, B. Upon these wheels rest the longitudinal frames C, C,
and to these are screwed or bolted the two transverse frames D, D,
flanged or of an L section. Inside these frames and along the bottom
projecting flanges slide the two transverse frames E, E, which form
overhanging brackets at F, F, for carrying the strain bar G of the
cutting wires a. The frames C are free to travel longitudinally to the
extent of about nineteen inches along the wheels B, whilst at the
same time the frames E are also free to slide transversely to the motion
of the frames C. The frames E carry the cutting table II with its
cutting wires secured at their lower ends to the front edge thereof,
and these frames also carry the receiving rollers b, b, and endless web c,
the upper surface of which is on a level with that of the table II. The
abutment board I is stationary as regards transverse movement being
fixed to bracket arms K on the transverse frames D. A rack L is
formed on the inner side of each of the sliding frames E, E, and into
these racks gear the toothed segments M, two of which are mounted
on the longitudinal shaft N which works in bearings in the fixed

page_text: frames D, D, and is actuated by a winch handle O. By imparting a
rotatory motion to the winch handle the sliding frames E, E, with the
cutting table, wires, and endless web c will be traversed laterally under
the lower edge of the abutment board and by pushing or pulling the
handle longitudinally, the entire apparatus is made to travel longitudinally
on its wheels B towards or from the expressing die. I have not shown
this die in my Drawings but it is situate near to the set of rollers d, d,
which first receive the clay as it issues from the die of the section
required, as indicated by red lines in Fig. 1; P is a stop roller for the
purpose of setting in motion longitudinally the entire apparatus as soon
as the advancing end of the clay begins to press against it. The said
roller is mounted upon the vertical arme of a bell-crank lever working
on a centre at e¹ in the fixed cross frame D, whilst to the other
arm of the lever there is jointed a catch lever g the lower end of
which rests upon the protruding end of a rod sliding through the
fixed frames D, D. When in this position the roller P is maintained
upright, as shown in my Drawings, but when the machine has travelled
so far as to bring the collar i on the sliding rod & in contact with a fixed
forked bracket arm k, then the further outward movement of the
machine withdraws the end of the rod / from under the catch lever g.
and instantly allows the roller P to fall over into a horizontal position,
the stream of clay (supposing the machine to be temporarily left
unattended) passing freely over the end of the cutting table H on to the
floor in lieu of clogging up the machine.
On moving the machine back towards the die again the end of the
sliding rod is again protruded by the action of the helical spring &
and the stop roller is set as before. A ratchet wheel m is mounted'
on the axle of one of the rollers & carrying the endless receiving web c,
and is turned one or more teeth by a pall n carried in the ratchet lever o,
the tail of which strikes a pin p cach time the cutting table is moved
outwards and thus a sufficient travelling motion is imparted to the
endless web c to insure the separation of the cut bricks far enough from
the cutting wires a to introduce a hand board Q behind them, as shown
clearly in Fig. 2, by which board the bricks are pushed on to the
barrow R. This barrow should correspond in height to the cutting
table H so as to admit of the bricks being pushed directly thereon
without being lifted (see Fig. 2). The surface of the barrow is
composed of two or more series of endless webs q, q, mounted on series

page_text: of three rollers ", ", or in lieu of three rollers two may be used in cach
series with a slat of wood 8, 8, between to carry the weight of the bricks,
as shown in Fig. 2ª.
The action of this apparatus is as follows--The clay of the proper
section as it issues from the expressing die of the kneading machine
travels over the rollers d, d, d, and along the surface of the table H till
it encounters the stop roller P and sets the table in motion longitudinally.
Immediately the table begins to move the cut is made by turning the
winch handle O so as to cause the table to pass underneath the bottom
edge of the stationary abutment board I. This movement brings tho
receiving web c underneath the cut bricks tas shown clearly in Fig. 4,
which are thus pushed past the cutting wires a and transferred from off
the table II on to the web c. In this position the rear ends of the bricks
will be in close contact with the wires a, but as the table and web move
back again to their original position the tail of the ratchet lever o strikes
the pin and by turning the ratchet m imparts a slight travelling
movement to the web c which separates the cut bricks clear of the
cutting wires, leaving sufficient space between them to insert the hand
board Q by which the bricks are pushed on to the barrow R or other
receiving surface. Imediately the cut has been made the attendant
draws the table H longitudinally so as to separate the cut bricks from
the mass or stream of clay & issueing from the die and thus affords space
for the said clay to travel forward during the time the table H is being
brought back into a line with the stream of clay again, on regaining
which position the entire apparatus is moved longitudinally on its
supporting wheels B, B, to meet the clay and resume its position ncar
the dic when the operations are repeated, each cut delivering (in the
example shown in my Drawings) cleven or any convenient number of
bricks on to the endless web or receiving surface c.
In this machine it will be seen that in lieu of the bricks being cut out
of a separate lump or section of clay which has been previously severed
by a special cutting wire from the mass or main stream of clay they are
cut direct from the mass itself while in motion, and hence no waste of
clay or loss of time occurs at the inner end cut, and the labour of onc
person is saved; and moreover by properly adjusting the position of the
stop roller P with reference to the last or outer cutting wire theoretically
no waste would occur at either end of the cut, but I prefer in practice to
cut off a thin slice from the outer brick, as shwn in Fig. 1.

page_text: In the sectional view and plan, Figs. 4 and 5, I have represented
the barrow as being replaced by an open tray or grating S which is
provided with bandles T at each end for lifting, and fits over a pair of
rollers v, v, mounted in brackets 0, 0, bolted to the inner sides of the
sliding frames E; the tray is of a length sufficient to receive an entire
row of cut bricks, and rests upon rods x, x, fixed to and extending
between the two brackets to so that the weight of the grating being
borne by the said rods the two rollers v, v, are free to rotate and
facilitate the pushing of the row of bricks thereon by the hand board Q,
as already described. As cach open work tray or grating S is filled it is
lifted off and stacked with the bricks upon it to dry ready for burning,
and when dry the bricks are carried upon the trays into the kilns and
thus avoid handling cach brick separately.
In Fig. 4 I have shown the apparatus as in the act of cutting, the
wires being half way through the clay, and the partly cut bricks nearly
half way over the receiving web c. The positions of the cut bricks are
shown in red lines in the plan.
In Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 I have shown sectional Diagrams of various
kinds of receiving surfaces as equivalents for the endless receiving web,
as different clays will be found to require different receiving surfaces.
In Fig. 8 the receiving surface is composed of a smooth plate c and
roller at the outer edge; Fig. 9 shows the roller at the inner edge
of the plate c; Fig. 10 shows the roller situate between two smooth
plates c, c; and Fig. 11 shows a hollow plate with perforated top c¹
intended to be supplied with lubricants, such as oil or water, where very
stiff clays are employed.
In some cases where the clay requires it I may use barrows having a
lubricated smooth plate as the receiving surface in lieu of endless webs
as previously described.
The lifter which I propose in some cases to employ for lifting the
bricks from off the barrows and spreading or separating them sufficiently
for stacking is represented in Figs. 6 and 7; it consists of as many
tongs U, U, as there are bricks in each row on the barrow, or any
portion of that number, the lower limb of each tong having a plate y
hinged thereto so as to fit and adjust themselves perfectly square and
flat against the opposite ends of each brick in the row, as shown clearly
in Fig. 7, where two bricks are shown close together, and one separated

page_text: 2
from the rest about half-an-inch. These tongs are cach hung by a pair
of links from a rod or carrier V, which for lightness may consist of a
picce of one-inch gas tubing, the weight of the tongs and bricks tending
to keep the tongs closed sufficiently tight to maintain a firm hold upon
the bricks. A short length of chain or other equivalent device W
couples one tong to another throughout the series, and such coupling is
of sufficient length only, or is otherwise so arranged, as to allow of tho
several tongs being drawn asunder just so far as is required for admitting
a free circulation of air between the bricks.
I sometimes make the receiving surfaces of the barrows capable of
separating the bricks by using a number of slats or strips of wood or
metal, coupled together at both ends by sliding bolts, pins, links, or
short chains. When such a barrow first receives the bricks the plates
will be close up to one another, but when the barrow is full by simply
drawing the plates asunder as far as their connections will permit a
perfect and regular separation of the bricks is at once accomplished.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I am aware that
brick-making machines have been constructed and worked wherein a
lump of clay is first severed by a single cutting wire from the mass.
issuing from the die of a kneading. machine, and after being thus severed
is moved forward by hand and cut into the form of bricks by forcing
such severed portion of the clay by means of a lateral moving pushing.
board against a series of fixed wires so arranged that the clay is pushed
or forced by the action of the pusher board past the wires on to a
moveable carrying board provided with handles, whereby twelve or any
other convenient number of bricks may be removed at the same time,
and therefore I make no claim to such an arrangement; neither do I
claim the use of a fixed pusher or abutment board and laterally moving
cutting wires and table; neither do I claim the transferring of the bricks
in and by the act of cutting from one surface to another; neither do I
claim the delivery of the cut bricks from the cutting machine or table
direct on to the barrow when such bricks are delivered at the end of the
machine, all such methods having been already proposed or in use; but
what I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The use of the receiving rollers or the endless receiving web c

page_text: or their equivalent in combination with the cutting table, wires, and
abutment board when the row of cut bricks is pushed by hand from off
the said receiving rollers, or web, or their equivalent, on to the barrow
or on to the usual lifter board, or on to an open work tray or grating (on
which they are dried), substantially as herein-before described and illus.
trated by my Drawings.
Second. The imparting a slight positive rotatory or travelling motion
to the said receiving rollers or endless web e for the purpose of separating
the cut bricks sufficiently from the wires to admit of a hand board Q
being introduced between the bricks and the wires for pushing the bricks
on to the barrow or other carrying or transporting surface, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Third. The application and use in combination with the herein-before
described mode of cutting and delivering bricks, of a barrow having its
surface in the form of a series of endless webs mounted on rollers in con-
junction or not with intermediate slats for supporting the main weight
of the bricks, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by
my Drawings.
Fourth. The delivering of the cut bricks laterally and direct on to the
barrow itself by the action of the abutment or pusher board without the
intervention of any intermediate receiving surface, substantially as
herein-before described.
Fifth. The peculiar construction and arrangement of lifters for lifting,
and at the same time separating the bricks sufficiently for drying, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Sixth. The making the surface of the barrow of a series of loose sup-
porting plates so coupled together as to admit of their being drawn
asunder a given distance for the purpose of separating the bricks whilst
on the barrow, substantially as herein-before described.
Lastly. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of
machinery or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of bricks,
wherein the bricks are cut from the undivided stream of clay as it issues
from the die or moulding orifice by the aid of a longitudinally and trans-
versely moving table and row of cutting wires and a stationary abutment
board (or vice versa), and wherein also the row of bricks so cut is pushed
by hand from off the receiving portion of the cutting machine on to a

page_text: barrow. or other suitable surface, substantially in the manner herein-
before described and illustrated by the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Dumbleton Pinfold, have
- hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
big cat erai MLONDON:la aravaly" dessibogini
Printed by GEORGE, EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1874.
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