Improvements relating to Apparatus for Extinguishing Fires.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 2nd Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Apparatus for Extinguishing Fires.
I MOZART VINNING, of 33, Alexandra Road, Hornsey, in the County of
Middlesex, Retired Assistant Pay-master Royal Navy, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for extinguishing fires and comprises improve-
ments in the fire-extinguishing apparatus of the kind or class described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me and dated 26th November
1886, No. 15479.
The invention described in the said Specification comprises suitable devices by
which a supply of compressed air is arranged either to maintain a constant pressure
upon a store of water contained in one or more closed vessels or reservoirs or to
exert a pressure thereon only on the opening of a valve or stop-cock at the moment
when such pressure is required. The latter arrangement is preferable for many
reasons and presents numerous advantages but is open to the objection that the
device for turning on the air-pressure is usually situated at some point along the
air-pipe or main leading from the air-reservoir to the closed water tank, which
might be distant from the point or points at which it was desirable to turn on the
pressure, so that an appreciable loss of time might occur in proceeding to the point
Moreover the situation of the apparatus
where the pressure could be turned on.
might be unknown to the person desiring to turn on the water supply in a moment
of emergency.
For this
My present invention is chiefly designed to obviate this objection by providing
convenient devices by which the said pressure may be brought into action from
several points situated in the circuit of the water pipes or fire mains and comprises
moreover, apparatus for indicating at the central reservoir or elsewhere if requisite,
when such pressure has been turned on from any point in the system.
purpose, utilize the water actually lying in the system of fire-mains as the medium
for operating suitable mechanism provided in connection with and controlling the
main-cock or device employed for turning on the compressed air, and I provide suit-
able means for exerting a temporary pressure on the water in the pipes, the afore-
said mechanism being adapted to operate under the influence of this pressure and to
effect the opening of the aforesaid main cock.
In carrying my said invention into practice 1 provide in combination with the
fire-main at suitable points along the same preferably near or in conjunction with
each fire-cock hydrant or fire-plug, an auxiliary or subsidiary apparatus separate
from the compressed air reservoir for the purpose of exerting a suitable pressure
temporary or otherwise on the water in such main. This pressure is preferably
less than that of the air pressure derived from the main reservoirs, but is of such a
degree and maintained for such a period as will suffice to operate the aforesaid
mechanical device for opening the main air valve.
To obtain this temporary pressure I employ either a small subsidiary air vessel
charged with compressed air and provided with a suitable cock or other means by
which such compressed air can be caused to act on the water in the main either
with its full pressure or through a reducing valve preferably of the kind set forth
in my said former Specification. I may however employ a pump or ram operated
by a hand lever or other suitable means for the purpose of obtaining the required
degree of pressure. Any convenient method of obtaining this temporary pressure
may be employed however, without departing from the nature of my invention.
In some cases I employ a diaphragm or piston to transmit the said pressure to
the water instead of allowing the water to be acted on directly.

page_text: To effect the opening of the main air pressure cock or valve as previously stated
on the water in the mains being subjected to a temporary increase of pressure
provide in connection with the water main in proximity to the said main air-cock or
valve a small motor either driven by the water itself or by springs or otherwise, or
I provide a hydraulic ram or other suitable device geared to the mechanism for
opening the said air-cock or valve, this motor or ram being weighted or suitably held
in restraint by a pawl or otherwise so as to operate only on the pressure in the water
main reaching a certain point. On the temporary pressure being turned on at any
one of the points in the system the aforesaid weight or resistance is overcome or
the pawl is disengaged and the motor or ram is caused to operate to open the main
air pressure valve and so permit the full air pressure from the high pressure
reservoir to act on the water in the water reservoir.
In some cases
arrange by suitable interlocking apparatus that the act of
opening the fire-cock, hydrant or fire-plug shall first operate the device for turning
the aforesaid temporary pressure on to the water in the main.
For the purpose of giving notice at the main water reservoir (or elsewhere if
desired) of the pressure being turned on from some distant point, I arrange in
connection with the water main a suitable device, which on the water pressure
rising to a certain point completes an electric circuit and so causes the ringing of
an alarm bell or operates a suitable indicator and in some cases where it might
not be convenient to arrange for the application of pressure at a distant point to
actually effect the opening of the main air valve, I may arrange that the ringing
of the alarm or notice bell or the operation of the indicator shall serve as a signal
to the attendant to turn on the main air-valve at the central apparatus.
By similar means I arrange that an alarm bell shall ring or a signal or indicator
device be operated in case of the air pressure falling from any other cause than
the turning on of the main air-valve, as for instance, in the case of any leakage
occurring through defects in the air reservoir pipes or fittings; but for this purpose
the device is arranged in connection with the air-reservoir or its air-mains.
To give notice either of an increase of the water pressure or of a decrease of the air
pressure I employ a suitable device brought into operation by such increase or
decrease for the purpose of completing an electric circuit for ringing the alarm bell
or operating the indicator. I find it advantageous for this purpose to employ the
following device that is to say:-
I employ an ordinary pressure gauge or dial pressure indicator modified so as to
admit of the wire from one pole of an electric battery being attached to the
central pivot on which the pointer oscillates; whilst the wire from the other pule is
attached to an insulated metallic stop or pin, which can be inserted at will at
different points of the graduated dial face of the indicator. On the falling or
rising (as the case may be) of the pressure, the circuit is completed by the pointer
coming in contact with the insulated metallic stop and a suitable alarm or signal
included therein is put in operation.
I may however employ an elastic diaphragm or a piston or plunger acted upon on
one side by the compressed air stored in the main air reservoir or by the water in
the fire mains, as the case may be, whilst an opposing pressure obtained by the use
of compressed air, springs or weights or other suitable means, is arranged to act on
the other side of the diaphragm or the like, so that on the falling or rising of the
water or air pressure-as the case may be, the said diaphragm, piston or ram
operates a suitable circuit closing device, and completes an electric circuit in which
a suitable alarm is included. In some cases the said alarm, indicator or signal-bell
may be operated by clockwork or other suitable mechanism held or restrained
from operation by means of a pawl, catch or the like, the pawl catch or the like
being adapted to be released by an increase of water pressure, or by a decrease of
stored air pressure as the case may be, by the use of a diaphragmn piston or ram
in the manner hereinbefore described.
In connection with my improvements hereinbefore described I provide one or
more suitable safety-valves for the purpose of preventing undue rising of the

page_text: pressure in the apparatus. The safety-valve which I prefer to employ for this
purpose is constructed in such a manner that the escape valve when opening to
allow of the escape of the air or other fluid moves in a direction opposite to that
in which the escaping air moves, or in other words the pressure acts upon the back
of the escape valve and tends to press it upon its seat and when the valve is raised
by the automatic device hereinafter described it moves upward against the pressure
of the air, to permit of the escape of the same. The valve is fitted in a hollow
chamber or casing of spherical or nearly spherical form, which is divided into two
compartments by a pair of elastic diaphragms the edges of which are securely held
or clamped between the edges or flanges of the upper and lower parts of the valve
casing. A metal plate or dise is situated between the two diaphragmns and moves
up and down therewith. The upper compartment is filled with compressed air and
is hermetically closed or sealed so that the said compressed air acts as a spring
against the upper surface of the aforesaid diaphragm, a pressure gauge being provided
to indicate the pressure of the air in the said upper compartment.
The air for
supplying the system of pipes communicates with the lower chamber and acts upon
the lower surface of the diaphragm tending to force the same upward against the
pressure of the compressed air acting on the upper surface thereof.
The metal plate or disc between the two diaphragms is connected with the escape
valve (in the lower compartment) which as before mentioned is held upon its
seat by the pressure of the air so that when the pressure in the said compartment
rises above that, which the compressed air above the diaphragm exerts thereon, the
said diaphragm will be raised and will lift or open the escape valve thereby
permitting the escape of the air and diminishing the pressure in the lower
chamber.
It will thus be seen that by regulating the pressure in the upper compartment
the escape-valve in the lower compartment can be caused to open automatically at
any desired pressure of the air in the lower compartment.
The rod by which the metal plate between the diaphragms in connected with the
escape-valve is preferably formed in two parts connected telescopically or otherwise
with one another in such a manner that one part and the plate or valve connected
therewith can move relatively to the other to a certain extent.
A valve which governs or controls the entrance to the system of pipes or the
like for utilizing the compressed air, is connected with the aforesaid escape valve
in such a manner that when the escape valve is opened the said control valve is
simultaneously closed more or less thereby preventing the entrance of the air into
the system of pipes until the undue pressure thereof has been reduced to its normal
amount, a pressure-gange being provided to show the pressure of the air in the said
pipes.
It is obvious that instead of using compressed air in the upper compartment of
the valve chamber I might in some instances employ a spiral or other spring or a
weight or the like adapted to exert a pressure upon the diaphragms in a direction
opposite to that exerted thercon by the air pressure in the lower chamber.
Dated this 94th day of February 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Apparatus for Extinguishing Fires.
1, MOZART VINNING, of 33 Alexandra Road, Hornsey, in the County of
Middlesex, Retired Assistant Paymaster, Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus for extinguishing fires and comprises improve-
ments in fire-extinguishing apparatus of the kind or class described in the

page_text: Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me and dated 26th November
1886 No. 15479.
The invention described in the said Specification comprises suitable devices by
which a supply of compressed air is arranged either to maintain a constant pressure
upon a store of water contained in one or more closed vessels or reservoirs with
which a system of water pipes or fire mains for the purposes of fire-extinction
communicates, or to exert a pressure thereon only on the opening of a valve or
stop cock at the moment when such pressure is required. The latter arrangement
is preferable for many reasons and presents numerous advantages, but is open to
the objection that the main air-valve or device for turning on the air pressure is
usually situated at some point along the air pipe or main leading from the air-
reservoir or reservoirs to the closed water-tank, which point might be distant from
the point or points at which for example the first intimation of fire might be
obtained and from whence it would be desirable to be able to turn on the pressure ;
thus an appreciable loss of time might occur in proceeding to the point where the
pressure may be turned on. Moreover, the situation of the apparatus might
be unknown to the person desiring to turn on the water supply in a moment of
emergency, or the main valve may be situated in a part of the building which cannot
be approached on account of the fire.
According to my present invention I provide convenient devices whereby the
said pressure may be brought into action from several points, situated in the circuit
of the water pipes or fire-mains, and my invention comprises, moreover, apparatus
for indicating at the central reservoir or elsewhere if requisite, when such pressure
has been turned on from any point in the system.
I employ the water actually lying in the said water pipes or fire mains as the
medium for operating suitable mechanism provided in connection with and con-
trolling the main valve or equivalent device employed for releasing compressed air
from an air reservoir to act upon the said water in the water pipes or fire mains.
The said water pipes or fire mains are preferably connected with the ordinary
service-mains, a non-return valve being provided in such cases at the junction so
when pressure is applied to the water in the former it may not be communicated
to the contents of the service-mains, which on the other hand will always be
able on the occurrence of any reduction of pressure in the said fire-mains to supply
water thereto.
In carrying my said invention into practice I provide at any suitable points or
stations preferably near to or in conjunction with each fire-cock, hydrant or fire
plug inserted in the said water pipes or fire mains, an auxiliary or subsidiary
apparatus separate from the main compressed air reservoir for the purpose of
exerting by means of compressed air a suitable pressure on the water in the said
pipes.
The temporary pressure thus exerted upon the water in the said pipes for the
purpose of operating the said main valve or equivalent device is preferably less
than that of the air derived from the main reservoir or reservoirs but is of such a
degree and is maintained for such a period as will suffice to operate the aforesaid
mechanical device for opening the main air valve.
Any convenient method of obtaining this temporary pressure may be employed
however, without departing from the nature of my invention.
In some cases I employ a diaphragm or piston to transmit the pressure to the
water instead of allowing the water to be acted on directly by the air.
Instead of employing a hydraulic ram geared directly to the main air-valve as
hereinafter described, any other suitable motor mechanism may be employed, the
said mechanism being suitably held in restraint by a pawl or otherwise so as to be
operated by the water in the water pipes or fire mains only on the pressure in the
said pipes exceeding a certain limit. On the temporary pressure being turned on
at any one of the points in the system, the aforesaid weight or resistance is over-
come or the pawl is disengaged and the motor mechanism is caused to operate to
open the main air pressure valve and so permit the air pressure from the main or

page_text: gn pressure air reservoir to act on the water in the water reservoir or reservoirs
and in the water pipes or fire mains.
In some cases I arrange by suitable interlocking or coupling apparatus that the
operation of the said subsidiary apparatus shall first operate the device for turning
the aforesaid temporary pressure on to the water in the water pipes or fire mains
and shall afterwards operate the fire-cock hydrant or fire-plug. Such an arrange-
ment ensures that the water in the water pipes or fire mains shall not be released
before the air pressure from the subsidiary apparatus has had time to cause it to
operate the main air valve.
For example, the spindle of the valve of the said subsidiary apparatus and the
spindle of the said fire-cock hydrant or fire plug are connected by a chain which
hangs slack between the two spindles, so that the spindle of the said valve must
first be rotated sufficiently to open the valve and to wind up the slack of the chain
and must afterwards be further rotated to effect by means of the said chain the
operation of the fire cock hydrant or fire plug.
In connection with my improvements hereinbefore described provide one or
more suitable valves in each of which a safety valve and a regulating valve are
combined for the purpose of preventing undue rising of the air pressure or water
pressure in the apparatus.
For the purpose of giving notice at the main water reservoir or elsewhere if
desired of the air pressure being turned on from some distant point, I arrange in
connection with the water main a suitable device which on the water pressure rising
to a certain point completes an electric circuit and so causes the ringing of an alarm
bell or operates a suitable indicator. In some cases where it might not be convenient
to arrange for the application of pressure at a distant point to actually effect the
opening of the main air valve, I may arrange that the ringing of the alarm or
notice bell or the operation of the indicator shall serve as a signal to the attendant
to turn on the main air-valve at the central apparatus.
By similar means arrange that an alarm bell shall ring or a signal or
indicator device be operated in case of the air pressure falling, as for instance,
in the case of any leakage occurring through défects in the air reservoir or in
the pipes or fittings.
To give notice either of an increase of the water pressure or of a decrease of the
air pressure I find it advantageous to employ the following device that is to say, I
employ an ordinary pressure gauge or dial pressure indicator modified so as to
admit of the wire from one pole of an electric battery making electrical contact
with the central pivot on which the pointer oscillates; whilst the wire from the
other pole is attached to an insulated metallic stop or pin, which can be inserted at
will at different points on the graduated dial face of the indicator. On the falling
or rising (as the case may be) of the pressure, circuit is completed through the
pointer when it comes into contact with the insulated metallic stop and a suitable
alarm or signal included in the said circuit is put in operation.
I may however employ an elastic diaphragm or a piston or plunger acted upon
on one side by the compressed air stored in the main air reservoir or by the water
in the water pipes or fire mains, as the case may be whilst an opposing pressure
obtained by the use of springs weights or compressed air or other suitable means is
arranged to act on the other side of the diaphragm or the like so that on the falling
or rising of the water or air pressure as the case may be the said diaphragm,
piston or ram operates a suitable circuit closing device, and completes an electric
circuit in which a suitable alarm is included.
In some cases the said alarm, indicator or signal bell may be operated by clock-
work or other suitable mechanism held or restrained from operating by means of a
pawl catch or the like, the said pawl catch or the like being adapted to be
released by an increase of water pressure, or by a decrease of stored air pressure
as the case may be by the use of a diaphragm, piston or ram in the manner
hereinbefore described."
In order that the nature of my invention may be clearly understood I will

page_text: now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which,
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the said auxiliary or subsidiary apparatus provided
at each said station.
Figure 2 is a plan view of one form, for example, of the apparatus employed for
controlling the main air valve or equivalent device and
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the combined safety valve and regulating
valve hereinbefore referred to.
With reference first to Figure 1A is a pedestal or foot plate upon which is
placed a small air vessel B which may be charged with compressed air from any
suitable source, such for example as a bottle of compressed air, through an
opening at C, a regulating valve not shown in the drawing being fitted to the said
opening to regulate the admission of air to the said vessel B.
B' is a pressure
gauge for the purpose of indicating the pressure existing in the vessel B. D is a
pipe in which a stop valve E is provided and which connects the vessel B with a
similar vessel which is in communication by an opening at G with the water
pipes or fire mains hereinbefore referred to. F is a pressure gauge which indicates
the pressure of the contents of the vessel F. Within the vessel F at its upper
end F2 is a valve of any suitable type free to rise and fall in suitable guides or in a
valve chamber and arranged so that when the water within the said vessel reaches
a certain level it will raise the said valve to prevent water from the vessel Frising
into the pipe D but the said valve may be readily forced down by pressure acting
in the pipe D in the direction of the vessel F, so that it will offer no obstacle to
the passage of air from the pipe D into the said vessel. At the lower end F³ of
the said vessel a floating valve is provided. which is kept away from the outlet
orifice at the said lower end as long as a certain minimum quantity of water remains
in the vessel, but which will be immediately forced down upon its seat to close the
outlet orifice at G as soon as the liquid contents of the vessel have been forced out
therethrough. This valve is for the purpose of preventing any air from the
vessel F passing into the water-pipes or fire-mains with which the said vessel is in
communication. It offers no obstacle to the passage of water from the mains into
the said vessel.
In Figure 2, H is the cylinder of a hydraulic ram which also is in communication
with the said water pipes or fire mains by the pipe connection I. A spring-loaded
or other suitable valve is provided at in the pipe connection I, so that water
cannot pass into the cylinder H until the resistance of the said loaded valve is
overcome, the said resistance being regulated to exceed the maximum amount of
pressure, likely to arise from fluctuations in the water service with which the water
pipes or fire mains are connected. Jis the ram, and K is a toothed rack carried
by the same and gearing with a toothed wheel L, the shaft M of which rotates in
bearings N and is screw-threaded as at O for engagement with the spindle of the
main air valve or like device.
A reducing valve, if desired, may be placed in the pipe D, to reduce the pressure
of the air which Hows from the vessel B to the vessel F.
The combined safety-valve and regulating-valve hereinbefore referred to and
illustrated in Figure 3 is constructed in such a manner that an escape valve when
opening to allow of the escape of fluid moves in a direction opposite to that in
which the escaping fluid moves, or in other words the pressure acts upon the back
of the escape valve and tends to press it upon its seat and when the said escape
valve is raised by the automatic device hereinafter described it moves upward
against the pressure of the fluid to permit of the escape of the same.
With
reference to the said Figure 3 which illustrates for example one form of the said
combined valve, P is a hollow chamber or casing which is divided into two com-
partments P P by a pair of elastic diaphragms Q the edges of which are securely
held or clamped between the edges of the upper and lower parts of the casing. A
metal plate or disc R is situated between the two diaphragms Q and moves up and
down therewith. P³ is a perforated plate for the purpose of preventing the

page_text: diaphragms from moving too far upward. The upper compartment P¹ is filled
with compressed air through an opening S which is controlled by a suitable valve S¹
and the said compressed air acts as a spring or cushion against the upper surface
of the upper diaphragm, a pressure gauge being provided in communication with
the orifice T to indicate the pressure of the air in the said upper compartment.
The fluid which is to be controlled by the combined valve communicates with the
lower chamber P by the inlet P, and acts upon the lower surface of the lower
diaphragm, tending to force the same upward against the pressure of the compressed
air acting on the upper surface of the upper diaphragm.
The metal plate or
dise R between the two diaphragms Q is connected with the escape valve Ū in the
lower compartment by rods R' R and the said valve U is held upon the seat. V by
the pressure of fluid in the compartment 1.
It will thus be seen that by regulating the pressure in the upper compartment P
the escape-valve U in the lower compartment can be caused to open automatically
at any desired pressure of the fluid, in the lower compartment.
The rods R R by which the metal plate R is connected with the escape-valve
are connected telescopically or otherwise with one another in such a manner that
one rod and the plate or valve connected therewith can move relatively to the other
to a certain extent, for the purpose of preventing slight fluctuations in the pressure
in chamber P² from opening the escape valve. In the example illustrated a pin R³
is provided upon the rod R2 and the rod R2 is provided with slots R with the
upper ends of which the said pin will come into contact when the valve U rises
sufficiently.
A valve W which governs or controls the entrance of fluid to the system of pipes
or the like is connected with the aforesaid escape valve U by the rods W₁ and R'
which are connected to the opposite ends of a lever X. pivotted at X. It is obvious
that instead of using compressed air in the upper compartment Pi, of the valve
chamber I might in some instances employ a spiral or other spring or a weight or
the like adapted to exert a pressure upon the upper diaphragm in a direction
opposite to that of the pressure exerted thereon by the fluid in the lower chamber.
The operation of the apparatus will now be described.
Let it be desired to operate the main air valve by means of the apparatus shown
in Figure 2 from a station fitted with the appliances illustrated in Figure 1.
By opening the valve E the compressed air in B flows into the vessel F forcing
down the valve at the upper end of the same and exerts its pressure upon the
water contained therein and in the water-pipes or fire-mains which as herein before
described communicate therewith. The valve at the lower end of the vessel F³
will close as hereinbefore described when the liquid contents of the vessel F have
been forced out therefrom.
The pipe connection I is also in communication with the said water pipes or fire
mains consequently the ram J is forced out of the said cylinder when the pressure
of the compressed air from the vessel F is exerted upon the contents of the
vessel B and the rack K travels with the ram and rotates the wheel L and the
shaft whereupon the valve spindle which engages with the screwed portion O of
the said shaft is caused to operate the main air valve. By the operation of the
main air-valve, compressed air from the main reservoir or reservoirs is allowed to
pass through a suitable reducing valve, if necessary, and preferably through a non-
return valve, into the water reservoir or reservoirs and communicates its pressure
to the water contained in the water mains or fire pipes.
After the ram J has been operated the main air valve and the said ram may be
caused to resume their normal positions by rotation of the wheel L. by hand or
otherwise, which rotation will effect the closure of the valve and the return of the
ra u to its original position in the cylinder H. To permit of this retrograde
movement of the ram a drain cock not shown in the drawings is provided upon the
cylinder H and is operated so that the water displaced by the returning ram may
flow freely from the cylinder.
After the return of the ram J to its original position said cock and the valve

page_text: mains.
at E are closed, the vessel B is recharged with air and when the principal water
reservoir and the water pipes or fire mains are refilled, the vessel F will also refill
with water and the apparatus will be in readiness for further operation. Instead
of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1, I may employ a pump or ram operated by
a hand lever or by any other suitable means for the purpose of obtaining the
required degree of temporary pressure upon the contents of the water pipes or fire
Two or more installations of fire extinguishing apparatus such as is herein-
before described may be provided at different places in a city or district for
example and may have their water pipes or fire mains connected so that the
operation of the main valve of one installation and the consequent increase of
pressure in the pipes of that installation will cause the operation of the main valve
of the other installation or installations so that air pressure from the main air
reservoirs of both or all the said installations becomes available for the purposes of
any of them.
With reference now to the operation of the combined valve shown in Figure 3;
when the pressure in the compartment P" rises above that which the compressed
air above the upper diaphragm exerts thereon the diaphragms will be raised and
will lift or open the escape valve U thereby permitting the escape of the air or
other fluid and diminishing the pressure in the lower chamber.
When the escape valve U is opened the said control valve W is simultaneously
closed more or less thereby preventing the entrance of the fluid into the system of
pipes until the undue pressure thereof has been reduced to its normal amount.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
First. Apparatus for fire extinction in which air pressure may be applied at
several points in a system of water pipes or fire-mains to the water lying in that
system to cause it to operate the delivery valve or equivalent device of a main
reservoir of compressed air for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination with apparatus for fire extinction substantially as
herein before described of indicating apparatus for the purposes specified.
Third. The combination with a system of water pipes or fire mains of the
auxiliary or subsidiary apparatus comprising a pair of vessels, one for air and the
other for water substantially as hereinbefore described for the purposes specified.
Fourth. The combination with the said auxiliary or subsidiary apparatus, of
valves arranged at the upper and lower ends of the water vessel substantially as
and for the purposes specified.
Fifth. The mechanism for actuating the main air valve or equivalent device of a
reservoir of compressed air arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Sixth. In apparatus for fire extinction such as hereinbefore described, the
combination with motor mechanism for operating the main air valve, of suitable
appliances for the purpose of preventing the operation of the said main air valve
as long as the pressure in the water pipes or fire mains remains below a pre-
determined limit.
Seventh. In apparatus for fire extinction such as is hereinbefore described the
spring loaded valve or its equivalent in the pipe conveying water to the hydraulic
ram for operating the main air valve substantially as hereinbefore described and
for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The combined safety valve and regulating valve substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings for the
purpose specified.
Ninth. In apparatus for fire extinction substantially as hereinbefore described
interlocking or coupling the stop-valve of the subsidiary or auxiliary apparatus
with the operating mechanism of a fire-cock, hydrant or fire-plug for the purposes
specified.

page_text: Tenth. In apparatus for fire extinction substantially as hereinbefore described
connecting the spindle of the stop valve of the subsidiary or auxiliary apparatus
with the actuating mechanism of a fire-cock, hydrant or fire-plug by a slack chain
substantially as herein before described and for the purpose specified.
Eleventh. Combining two or more installations of fire extinguishing apparatus
such as are herein before described in the manner and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 24th day of November 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.