Improvements in Typewriters, and Means of Producing Cipher Communications and Deciphering them.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1892-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriters, and Means of Producing Cipher
Communications and Deciphering them.
EDGAR ALFRED GODDIN 7 & 8, Lilypot Lane, London, E.C., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in typewriting machines and
ineans of producing cipher communications and deciphering them, has for its object
the simplifying of the construction aud the reduction of the cost of Euch
apparatus.
Upon a base of wood or other suitable material, I mount a bridge-piece which
consists of a flat strip of suitable metal standing in a vertical plane, its longest
dimension being parallel with the base, and provided with feet whereby it may be
secured to said base.
Said bridge-piece has a ratchet-toothed rack formed on its upper edge, which
with a double spring pawl, to be described afterwards, constitutes the letter spacing
device, it is also provided with a slot just below and parallel with the before
mentioned rack, which extends a ross the greater part of its length, in which a
pin, rivetted to the type wheel carriage and about which it is capable of recipro-
cating, slides.
The typewheel carriage consists of a flat plate of metal provided with a pin
which is rivetted, at right angles, to it near its left hand end, which goes through
the slot in the bridge-piece, before referred to, from the opposite side to that
occupied by the operator, until the said carriage abuts against said bridge-piece
and thereafter through the typewheel centring and locking device, inking roll and
a washer afterwards to be described; there is also a stud rivetted to the plate of
the typewheel carriage, and on the same side of it at or about the centre of its
length and near the upper edge of its transverse dimension and at its right hand
extremity is a finger plate, formed by bending it round, whereby the carriage with
the type-wheel may be depressed when it is desired to print a letter.
The plate of said carriage, when in position, fits closely to the bridge-piece.
On the stud referred to, the centre line of which also assumes a right angle
with the plate of the type-wheel carriage, is a washer which is the same thickness
as the bridge-piece, and forms a distance piece between the plate and the type-
wheel which is journaled on the same stul and secured thereto by placing another
washer on the reduced end of the stud, directly next to the typewheel, which is
then rivetted over.
The stud referred to, as may be assumed, is turned down at each end so as
to form two shoulders, one of which abutts against the plate of the type-wheel
carriage, to which said stud is rivetted, and the distance to the other is such
that the "distance-piece washer and the type-wheel, when the securing
washer is rivetted up to the second shoulder, may turn freely but without lateral
play.
"
The pin first referred to, which works in the slot in the bridge-piece, has also
wo shoulder formed in like manner, the one abutting against the plate of the
yp-wheel carriage and the distance to the other is equal to the thickness of said
bridge-piece, the type-wheel centring and locking device, and the inking roll,
which also must be capable of movement about said pin, without lateral play, after
securing washer has been rivetted up to the second shoulder.
The type-wheel centring and locking device consists of a flat piece of metal
rovided with a hole to receive the above referred to pin, from which it hangs,

page_text: resting upon the base at the right of it, it is then heut away from and at right
angles to the bridge-piere, against which the portion just described fits closely,
the width of the bent piece is equal to the width of the face of the type-wheel
and is continued in the direction of it until it reaches the point where the centre
line of aid typewheel meet the base when it is in its printing position, when it
is turned up and here terminates.
This up-turned portion performs the functions of pointer and cantring and
locking device, the edge of it nearest to the operator is vertical, whereas the more
remote edge slants down from the top of the front edge towards the bridge-piece
for a distance equal to the depth of the letter centring serrations on the type-
wheel, when it is continued a short distance in the same direction, but in a line
parallel with the base, to form a stop limiting the downward movement of the
type-wheel, it then assumes the vertical until it meets that portion which rests
upon the base, where there is a piece cat away to allow the type, which is situated
on the type-wheel a short distance behind its centring serration, to print when the
type-weeel carriage is depressed.
There is a small ear formed on the back of the depending portion of the centring
and locking device, which projects just under the bridge-piece with the object of
preventing said centring and locking device from rising with the type-wheel, which
engagement would hinder said type-wheel from being rotated when it is desired to
find the next letter.
The inking roll, which comes next to and is on the same pin as the device
just described, consists of a felt disc, a little wider than the depth of the type it
bas to ink, which is mounted on a sleeve, whose length is equal to the width of the
inking roll, the object of this sleeve is to prevent lateral movement of the centring
and locking device, against which one end of it abutts, and so preserve the inking
roll from consequent distortion.
On the plate of the type-wheel carriage are two ears, one on each side of the
type-wheel carrying stud which project forward across the bridge-piece for a
distance equal to the thickness of that part, over one of these ears, under the
"distance-piece" washer, which is on the stud next to the plate of the type-wheel
carriage, and over the other car is placed a flat spring which is extended both
ways to the left it is curved downwards until that end reaches the rack,
one of whose teeth it engages, and to the right it is also curved downwards
until this end, which is hook-shaped also engages a tooth of the rack, this
constitutes the letter spacing mechanism whose operation I will describe later.
The type-wheel is stamped out of dise of suitable metal and is provided with
a flange whose clge ba V-shaped serrations which are capable of being engaged
by the centring and locking device when the type-wheel carriage is depressed,
said flange forming the face of wheel upon which are adjusted the type in such
a manner, afterwards to be explained, that the position of each character has a
fixed relation with its corresponding serration, there being the same number of
characters as serration
When using my typewriter the type-wheel presents its side to the operator
the serrations all pointing towards him, the type being situated on its periphery
just behind said serrations and the indicating letters are placed in the hollow
side of the type-wheel, which, it will be understood, faces the operator each
letter being opposite the same letter in the type, and as near the edge as.
possible.
My type are formed, preferably of rubber, and on a continuous band of the same
material.
On the inside of said he, and therefore the emite il to that ur which
the type ary, I fury of riven to exactly
under each letter, the centre lines of a letter and its corresponding point or knob
being coincident.
Each of these points or knols fit into little holes punchrd in the face of the
type-wheel the position of each bearing the same relation to its corresponding

page_text: serration, it will now be seen that the operation of fixing the type on the
wheel is accomplished by expanding the band upon the wheel and allowing
all the points or knobs to enter their respective holes, it will then be found that
each letter is not only accurately spaced but in accurate alignment.
My ciphering device consists of an indicator card which has two holes, one of
which is slipped over the handle of type-wheel, which is provided to enable said
type-wheel to be rotated, and is situated at its centre, and the other hole, which is
smaller, fits over a corresponding projection on the front of the wheel and so
establishes a fixed relation between the type and indicator card.
The characters on these cards are all arranged in different order, paying no
regard to the order of the type, so that, when being used, the result of spelling
a word in the ordinary way is just a combination of letters which bears no relation
to the letters of the word they represent either in the order of the alphabet, that
employed on the type-wheel or that employed on the indicator card.
In order to decipher a communication, an indicator card must be used on
which each individual character bears the same relation to the type to which
it is opposite, as the individual type bears to the character to which it is opposite
on the indicator card by which said cipher communication was produced.
To illustrate this more clearly I will take four letters, and, for clearness of
illustration, these letters shall be contained in both indicator cards and type,
although, in actual practice, the same letters would not be so near each other, let
"ODGI" be the order of the characters on one indicator card; "DIOG" the
order of the type; and "IGDO" the order of the characters on the other
indicator card, letting it be supposed that when either card is in position on the
type-wheel, the first letter is over the first letter in the type, ie. in the one
case "O" is over "D" and in the other "I" is over "D," it will now be seen
that when you effect to print "D()," using the first indicator card, you get
"ID" the "I" being under the "D," the "D" under the "O,' and the "O
under the "G," when by effecting to reproduce this with the other indicator card
we get "DOG" again becau-e, with that on, the "D" is under the "I," the
"O" is under the "D," and the "G" nnder the "O."
"
In the same way, by using the second card, by effecting to write "DOG" we
get "OGI," the "U" being under the "D," the "G" under the O" and
the "I" under the "G," this is brought back again by effecting to reproduce it
with the first indicator card, and we get "DOG," because "D" is under the “
"O" is under the " G," and G is under the "I."
0,"
So it will be seen that the card which is used to decipher a communication
with, may be used to write cipher which can be deriphered with the card with
which the first was written, hence, these cards are interchangeable, notwithstanding
the fact that the characters on them are in entirely different order, and that the
cipher of a given word is different when rendered by the one from that produced
with the otlier.
I propose to only treat the letters and figures on my typewriter thus-i.e. the
letters among themselves and the figures among themselves, or the two together,-
leaving the punctuation marks so as to print straight.e. as inlicated by the
painter, but I reserve to myself the right to involve these in the same way as the
other characters if I think tit.
It is obvious, that, by a simple modification of the indicator cards, they can be
adapted for u-e with a key typewriter, when, instead of being circular, they
might take the form of a rectangulur, or other shaped card, provided with a
hole situated over or about each key, distinguished by a character different from
that which designates the key over or about which it is situated.
Now in opening a private corresponleure with another, you decide upon
your set of (2) indicator cards, which are numbered, you will use, having decided,
you send one to your correspondent by a separate post, who, on receiving it, enters,
in a book kept for the purpose, the number of your cipher against your name, so
that when he receives a letter, he will know, either by the name being legibly

page_text: printed or by some other distinguishing mark, from whom it comes, when, on
reference to his book, he finds the number of the indicator card with which he
can decipher and answer it.
If a cipher communication be again rendered in cipher it will obviously be
more difficult to interpret the meaning thereof without the correct key numbers,
whereby the right indicator cards may be found.
In order to still widen the scope of the cipher I may change the type-band for
another on which the type are in different order.
On the base of the typewriter, just in front and behind the bridge-piece, is a
flat strip of suitable metal secured to said hase by a pin, which goes through a
hole in the left-hand end of each and about which they are capable of being
moved; at the right hand end of these strips and at right angles to them is
a shorter flat piece of metal, forming a catch, secured to the base a its centre
with its ends slightly raised to receive under them the right hand ends of
said strips.
These two strips, which constitute the paper holders, when moved from
under the catch curve upwards, the object being to effect a pressure on the
paper when they are straightened out retained in that condition by said catch.
As may be assumed these strips are parallel with each other and are a slight
distance apart, it is between these that the printing is done, and when a line is
finished and it is desired to begin another, the paper is drawn up, against the
friction of the paper holders, until a given part of the line just printed reaches the
upper strip, this insures parallel lines in printing.
By making the distance between said strips variable the pitch of the lines may
also be varied.
When using my typewriter, the operator, by lifting up the finger plate and
so disengaging the double spring pawl from the rack, is enabled to slide the
type-wheel carriage to the left hand edge of his paper, when with his left thumb
and finger he holds the handle of the type-wheel, whereby he can rotate the same
with ease; when he has brought the letter he wants to print opposite the pointer
he presses, with a finger of his right hand, on the finger plate which causes the
carriage with type-wheel to descend until the type touches the paper to print
thereon, in so doing the double spring pawl, which is attached to the earringe at
its centre and whose ends rest upon the rack, when said carriage is in its upper
position, is straightened out and its ends made to separate, the left hand end
abutting against the vertical side of a ratchet tooth of the rack and the other
hooked end sliding up the inclined side of a similar tooth until it passes over it,
by continuing the pro-sure a little longer the typ-wheel will be made to touch
the paper and print, the pressure on finger plate now being relinquished the
carriage rises to its original position owing to the spring re-uming its normal shape,
when its left hand end slides over its next tooth (the right hand hooked end
retaining its engagement with its new tooth) taking the type-wheul carriage forward
a distance equal to that travelled by itself.
In order to make a longer space for dividing words, the carriage is depressed
until the click, made by the double spring pawl, is heard, when it is allowed to rise
before a letter has been prirted.
Dated this 7th day of October 1801

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Typewriters, and Means of Producing Cipher
Communications and Deciphering them.
I, EDGAR ALFRED GODDIN of 7 and 8 Lilypot Lane, London, E.C. Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in typewriting machines and
means of producing cipher communications and deciphering them and has for
its object the simplifying of the construction and the reduction of the cost of such
apparatus.
Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken on the line 4-4,
Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of parts of Fig. 1 taken on the line 1-1, looking
towards the left hand.
Figure 5 shows separately a front view of the type wheel carriage.
Figure 6 shows separately a front view of the type wheel centring and locking
device, and
Figures 7 and 8 show respectively a side view and plan view of same.
Figures 9 and 10 show two face views of two discs adapted to be used
alternatively as ciphering disc and deciphering disc, the one to co-operate with the
other, that is to say the disc No. 1 may be used to prepare the cipher communi-
cation and No. 1* may he used to decipher the same, the corresponding discs being
identified by, say, numbers to writer and correspondent.
Figure 11 shows a front view and Figure 12 a plan view of a modified con-
struction of the apparatus.
Figures 13 and 14 show opposite end views of the feed roll for the paper, and
showing in the former the centring wheel m and in the latter the feed ratchet / and
pawl operating it.
Figure 15 shows a perspective view of the foot for the rack and bearing for one
end of the feed roll .
Figure 16 is an enlarged partial sectional side view of a small part of the type
wheel showing the manner of attaching the types f*.
Figure 17 shows a modification in the construction of type wheel carriage shown
by Fig. 5 and the spring b constituting the letter spacing device, and Figure 17ª
shows an end view thereof.
Figures 18, 19 and 20 show modifications in the construction of the parts shown
by Fig. 6, 7 and 8 for centring and locking the type wheel.
"
Figure 21 shows to an enlarged cale a plan view of a piece of the wheel f, the
type band ƒ³, typu " and holes * and * as arranged according to Figure 11.
Upon a base of wood or other suitable material I mount a bridge-piece which
consists of a flat strip of suitable metal standing in a vertical plane, its longest
dimension being parallel with the base, and provided with feet whereby it
secured to said base.
may be
Said bridge-piece b has a ratchet toothed rack formed on its upper edge, which
with a double spring pawl to be described afterwards, constitutes the letter
pacing device, it is also provided with u slot, just helow and parallel with the

page_text: before mentioned rack which extends arross the greater part of its length, in
which a pin (e detail view Fig. 4) rivetted to the typewheel earringe (and
about which it is capable of reciprocating) <lide+.
The typewheel carriage consists of a flat plate of metal carrying said pin at
right angles to it, which pin goes through aid lot in the bridge pirce from
the opposite side to that occupied by the operator until the said carriage abuts
against said bridge piece and thereafter through the typewheel contring and
locking device dinking roll and a washer (best seen in Fig. 4 and 6)
afterwards to be described; there is also a stud rivetted to the plate of the
typewheel carriage and on the same side of it at or about the contre of its
length and near the upper edge of its transverse dimension and at its right hand
extremities is a finger plato, formed by bending it round, whereby the carriage
with the typewheel may be depressed when it is desired to print a lettor.
The plate of said carriage when in position fits closely to the bridge piece h.
On the stud referred to the centre line of which also assumes a right angle with
the plate c. of the type wheel carriage is a washer e which is the same thickness
as the bridge-piece band forms a distance piece between the plate and the type
wheel which is journalled on the same stud and secured thereto by placing another
washer on the reduced end of the stud directly next to the typewheel ƒ which
is then rivetted over.
The stud e' referred to, as may be assumed, is turned down at each end so as to
form two shoulders, one of which abutts against the plate e of the typewheel
carriage to which said stud is rivetted and the distance to the other is such that the
"distance-piece washer and the typewheel when the securing washer c¹ is
rivetted up to the second shoulder may turn freely but without lateral play.
The pin just referred to which works in the slot in the bridge-piece b
has also two shoulders formed in like manner; the one abutting against the
plate of the type wheel carriage and the distance to the other is equal to the
thickness of said bridge-piece b, the type wheel centring and locking device d
and the inking roll e which also must be capable of movement about said pin b
without lateral play, after a securing washere has been rivetted up to the second
shoulder.
The type wheel centring and locking device consists of a flat piece of metal d
provided with a hole d¹ to receive the pin, from which it hangs, resting upon the
base, a, at the right of it, it is then bent away from and at right angles to the
bridge piece against which the portion just described fits closely, the width of
the bent piece is equal to the width of the face of the type wheel ƒ and is
continued in the direction of it until it reaches, at the point d³, the place where the
centre line of said type wheel meets the base a, when it is in its printing position,
when it is turned up and here terminates.
This upturned portion d³ performs the functions of pointer and centring and
locking device, the edge of it nearest to the operator is vertical, whereas the more
remote edge d' slants down from the top of the front edge d towards the bridge-
piece 6 for a distance equal to the depth of the letter centring serration: ¹ on the
type wheelf, when it is continued a short distance in the same direction, but in a
line parallel with the base, a, to form a stop, limiting the downward movement
of the type wheel, it then punes the vertical until it meets that portion which
rests upon the base o, where there is a piece cut away to allow the type which
is situated on the type wheel 'n short di tance behind its contring serration
print when the typo wheel carriage is depressed.
to
To prevent distortion and eventually abrasion of the faces of the types by the
edges of this hole the hole is made by removing an oblong picca to for the hole
whilst at the longer edges or sides slits are continued into the metal anil these ras
are bent downwardly and part of the under face removed so as to leave an inclined
upper face to each lip.
There is a small ear d' formed on the back of the depending portion of the
centring and locking device d which projects just under the bridge-picco / with the

page_text: object of preventing said centring and locking device d from rising with the type-
wheel, which engagement would hinder said type wheel from being rotated when
it is dired to find the next letter.
it
The inking roll which comes next to and is on the same pin as the device
just described, consists of a felt lisc, a little wider thau the depth of the type
has to ink which disc is mounted on a sleeve & whose length is equal to the width
of the inking roll, the object of this sleeve is to prevent lateral movement of
the centring and locking device d, against which one end of it abutts, and so
preserve the inking roll e from consequent distortion.
On the plate of the type wheel carriage are two ears 67 one on each side of the
type-wheel carrying stud which project forward across the bridge-piece for a
distance equal to the thickness of that part, over one of these ears under the
"distance-piece" washer, which is on the stud c³ next to the plate e of the type-
wheel carriage, and over the other car is placed a flat spring which is extended
both ways; to the left hand (2) it is curved downwards until that end reaches
the rack one of whose teeth it engages and to the right hand (3) it is also
curved downward until this end which is hook-shaped also engages a tooth of
the rack, this constitutes the letter sparing mechanism whose operation I will
describe later.
The type-wheel is formed out of a disc of suitable metal and is provided with a
flange whose edge has V shaped serrations which are capable of being engaged
by the centring and locking device d when the type-wheel carriage c is depressed,
such flange forming the face of wheel upon which are adjusted the type in such
a manner, afterwards to be explained, that the position of each character has a
fixed relation with its corresponding serration "there being the same number of
characters as serrations f¹.
When using my type-writer the type-wheel presents its side to the operator
the serrations all pointing towards him, the type being situated on its
periphery just behind said serrations and the indicating letters are placed
in the hollow side of the type wheel which it will be understood faces the operator,
each letter being opposite the same letter in the type, and as near the edge as
possible.
The type are formed preferably of rubber and on a continuous band f³ of the
same material.
On the inside of said band ³, and therefore the opposite side to that on which
the type fare,
I form little points or knobs 4, (see Fig. 16) preferably of
circular transverse section, exactly under each letter, the centre lines of a letter
and its corresponding point or knob being coincident.
Each of these points or knobs fit into little holes punched in the face of the
type-wheel the position of each bearing the same relation to its corresponding
serration, it will now be scen that the operation of fixing the type f on the wheel
is accomplished by expanding the baud upon the wheel and allowing all the
points or knobs to enter their respective holes f, it will then be found that each
letter is not only accurately spaced but in accurate alignment.
My ciphering device consists of an indicator card 9 (say Fig. 9 or 10) which,
like the ordinary indicator for ordinary type writing indicated in place in the type
wheel in Figs. 1 and 3, has two holes, one of which is slipped over the handle/
of type wheel, which is provided to enable said type wheel to be rotated, and
is situated at it- centre, and the other hole ", which is smaller, fits over a corre-
sponding projection f on the front of the wheel and so establishes a fixed relation
between the type f and this indicator card.
The characters on these cipher cards are all arranged in different order, paying
no regard to the order of the type whilst ordinarily for simple printing the type
would be classed as usual, so that when being used, the result of "pelling a word
with reference to the letters on the card in the ordinary way would be just a com-
bination of letters which bears no relation to the letters of the word they represent

page_text: either in the order of the alphabet, that employed on the type-wheel or that
employed on the indicator card.
In order to decipher such a communication an indicator card must be used on
which each individual character bears the same relation to the type f to which it
is opposite, as the individual type bears to the character to which it is opposite on
the indicator card by which said cipher communication was produced.
"
To illustrate this more clearly I will imagine that the cipher disc shown in
Fig. 9 (left hand one) is placed in position on the type wheel, when the type f
which is opposite each letter will be the same as the letter which is represented by
the dotted lines around the periphery of the disc, it will now be seen that if I effect
to write the word "Man" the result obtained is "Bчz now if this disc be
exchanged for that shown in Fig. 10 (right hand one) and I effect to write "Bsz"
it will be seen, by reference to dotted letters on the fig. that the result will be
"Man" and inversely if "Man" be spelt on the second disc " & ze" is printed,
which on being spelt when the first disc is on the machine, gives "Man."
So it will be seen that the disc which is used to decipher a communication with,
may be used to write cipher which can be deciphered with the card with which the
first was written, hence these discs are interchangeable, notwithstanding the fact
that the characters on them are in entirely different order, and that the cipher of
a given word is different when rendered by the one from that produced with the
other.
I propose to only treat the letters and figures on my type-writer thus:- the
letters among themselves and the figures among themselves, or the two together,
leaving the punctuation marks so as to print straight i.e. as indicated by the pointer,
but I reserve to myself the right to involve these in the same way as the other
characters, if I think fit.
It is obvious that, by a simple modification of the indicator discs, they can be
adapted for use with a key type-writer, when, instead of being circular, they might
take the form of a rectangular, or other shaped card, provided with a hole situated
over or about each key, distinguished by a character different from that which
designates the key over or about which it is situated.
Now in opening a private correspondence with another, you decide upon your set
of (2) indicator cards, which are numbered, you will use, having decided, you send
one to your correspondent by a separate post, who on receiving it, enters in a book
kept for the purpose the number of your cipher against your name, so that when
he receives a letter, he will know, either by the name being legibly printed or by
some other distinguishing mark, from whom it comes, when, on reference to his
book, he finds the number of the indicator card with which he can decipher and
answer it.
If a cipher communication be again rendered in cipher it will obviously be more
difficult to interpret the meaning thereof without the correct key numbers whereby
the right indicator cards may be found.
In order to still widen the scope of the cipher I may change the type-band for
another on which the type are in different order.
On the base of the type-writer a are two flat strips h h of suitable metal each
secured to said base, one at each side of the bridge piece, by a screw h³, which
goes through a hole in the left hand end of each strip and about which they are
capable of being moved; at the right hand end of these strips h, h³, and at right
angles to them is a shorter flat piece of metal i, forming a catch, secured to the
base a at its centre by screws with its ends slightly raised to receive under them
the right hand ends ³ of said strips.
These two strip h, h, which contitate the paper holders when moved from
undor the catch curve upwards, the object being to affect a pressure on the
paper when they are straightened out and retained in that condition by said
catch.
As may be assumed these strips are parallel with each other and aro a slight

page_text: distance apart, it is between these that the printing is done and when a line is
finished and it is desired to begin another, the paper is drawn up, against the
friction of the paper holders, until a given part of the line just printed reaches the
upper strip, this insures parallel lines in printing.
By making the distance between said strips variable the pitch of the lines may
also be varied.
1
Or, (as shown in Figs. 12, 13 and 14) instead of using two strips h, h³, may
employ a roll of suitable material and construction in the place of the back
strip, said roll being provided at one end with a ratchet wheel / and a pawl
carrying lever to operate it and the other end having a centring wheel mi the
periphery of which has a given number of V shaped teeth, between two of which a
spring m¹ normally presses, with the object of regulating the pitch of lines; in
order to vary said pitch two or more such wheels, having different numbers of
teeth, may be placed side by side, so that the spring may be made to engage the
one required.
In Figure 17 is shown a device for operating the ratchet / by means of the pawl
carrying lever when the spring dependent arm n, n affixed to the rear of
carriage e comes to the end of its traverse bringing that arm in over and in contact
with the lever to depress it, but if the ratchet is to be operated before the line is
reached the ratchet may be tilted by hand.
When using my typewriter, the operator, by lifting up the finger plate of and so
disengaging the double spring pawl & from the rack 6' is enabled to slide the type
wheel carriage e to the left hand edge of his paper when with his left thumb and
finger he holds the handle f³ of the type wheel, whereby he can rotate the same
with ease; when he has brought the letter, ³, he wants to print opposite the
pointer, d², he presses, with a finger of his right hand, on the finger plate c², which
causes the carriage with type wheel to descend until the type touches the paper to
print thereon, in so doing the double spring pawl, &, which is attached to the
carriage at its centre and whose ends rest upon the rack ', when said carriage is
in its upper position, is straightened out and its ends made to separate, the left
hand end (2) abutting against the vertical side of a ratchet tooth of the rack 6',
and the other hooked end (3) sliding up the inclined side of a similar tooth until it
passes over it, by continuing the pressure a little longer the type wheel will be
made to touch the paper and print, the pressure on finger plate now being
relinquished the carriage rises to its original position owing to the spring resuming
its normal shape, when its left hand end (2) slides over its next tooth (the
right hand hooked end (3) retaining its engagement with its new tooth) taking
the type-wheel carriage e forward a distance equal to that travelled by itself.
In order to make a longer space for dividing words, the carriage is depressed
until the click, made by the double spring pawl, is heard, when it is allowed to rise
before a letter has been printed.
The parts of the modification shewn in Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 are in substance
the same as the parts in the preceding arrangement and are lettered and operate
the same, the only variations being such as are designed to secure greater simplicity
and certainty of action and they are a modified carriage (see Fig. 17) so as to
provide a second inking roll supported in like manner to the roll e but upon an
arm c * which may be formed of a piece stamped out from the substance of
plate c.
This arm serves by enclosing the rack between itself and the plate e to
prevent any lateral movement thereof, or of the spring arm 6, which spring
is here shewn secured between the washer with flat lower side on the type
wheel carriage centre and the lip turned up out of the substance of the
plate c. The arm already described is also affixed in this plate c.
In place of the teeth fI have here shewn the type wheel fas provided with
slots (Fig. 21) and the centering device (Figs. 18, 19 and 20) is modified
accordingly by being provided with an upwardly projecting tooth which in
succession enters each slot presented und by the operation of its angular tide

page_text: terminating in an upward point it quares or center the type wheel correctly over
the opening in that the selected try my print therethrough.
The additional pointer d' is designed to indicate the corresponding letter to that
being printed from. The toe F in this gare serve, the like purpose to the ear
in Fig. 7.
The foot or support o for the feed roll shown by Fig. 15 is designed to enable
the bridge piece and its rack to be cheaply constructed from say rolled brass.
strip and this strip, shewn partly by dotted lines, to be mounted on this foot o
by rivetting which may be effectel as shown by cutting a saw slit in the strip at
its end and inserting the flange and pinning both parts together, whilst the
hole in the turned up ear ourves as the support for the end of the roll the
base o being screwed to the base a.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
In type-writing apparatus and means of producing cipher communications and
deciphering them.
1. The herein described constructions of type wheels and type bands so as to
facilitate attachment of the typo bands to the type wheels by means of series of
accurately spaced projections on the rear faces of the type bands engaging corre-
spondingly spacul series of openings in the type wheels so as to secure coincidence
between the types and the slots, or projections or their equivalents employed
to secure accurate adjustment or centering of the type at the printing point.
2. The herein before described arrangement or combination of parts for operating
the type wheel carriage for effecting the feed by means of a double armed spring
taking into the teeth of the rack bar and actuated by the movements of the type
wheel support.
3. The constructions and use of the centering devices for accurately placing the
type wheel and securing the correct impression of the type as and for the purpose
described with reference to Fig. 6, 7 and 8, and 18, 19 and 20.
4. The construction or arrangement and use of the type wheel carriage and parts
co-operating therewith to effect feel substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before set forth with reference to Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 17.
3. The means and apparatus for producing printed cipher communications and
for effecting the deciphering of the same substantially as set forth.
6. The arrangement or combination and use of parts of type writers having
indicator surface or dire in pairs or series of pairs and having the types and
characters thereon relatively o arranged in dissimilar orders as to enable secret
cipher printed communication and deciphering operations to be effected substan-
tially as herein before described and illustrated by the aid of Figs. 9 and 10.
7. The general arrangement or combination of mechanisms substantially as and
for the purpose set forth and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated the 8th day of July 1902.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
35 & 50, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.