IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES, ROOMS, HOSPITALS, STABLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jasper Capper, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
DWELLING HOUSES, ROOMS, HOSPITALS, STABLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
STRUCTURES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
I, JASPER CAPPER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES, ROOMS, HOSPITALS, STABLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
STRUCTURES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-

page_text: and consisting of a tube taken as straight and vertically as possible from
the highest point of the room into the outer air. Round this tube, and
connected to it by three or more (preferably five) vertical partitions I
place another tube, the top of which is about level with the top of the
inner tube. The partitions extend down a few inches below the outer
tube, and end in a broad flange extending entirely round the inner
vertical tube. The wind striking the pipe is prevented from deflecting
sidewise by the partition, or downwards by the flange, so rushes upwards
between the two pipes, causing a current that induces a similar current
from the inner pipe. The partitions need not extend to the top of the
tubes.
2nd. As this apparatus simply exhausts the air from the room it would
be liable to cause indrafts from the doors and windows unless arrange-
The plan I
ments are made for the introduction of fresh air.
prefer for this is to insert a tube or tubes about three inches in length
vertically through the bottom of the upper frame of the window sash,
such tube extending at least half an inch above the sash. It can be
made round or oval or parallel in horizontal section, and from half an
inch to an inch wide (or in diameter) to suit the circumstances of the
case. The bottom of the tube I expand out into a tun dish or trumpet
of
shape, or more strictly into the shape of the “contracted vein
hydraulic engineers. This enables the wind to enter it without eddy or
friction, and increases the efficiency of the apparatus immensely. I
prefer to extend the tube above the upper surface of the window bar
from half to three quarters of an inch, so that it may not so easily get
covered by accident or design.
وو
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jasper Capper in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JASPER 3
CAPPER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in

page_text: the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Jasper Capper, Her
special licence, that I, the said Jasper Capper, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as the said Jasper Capper,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES, ROOMS, HOSPITALS, STABLES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR,'
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jasper Capper, my exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jasper Capper, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon,
that to no
1st. In adopting the principle of the chimney top described in a
Patent granted to me, and dated March 31st 1870, No. 937, to ven-
tilating purposes, more especially in connection with my ingress ventilator
hereafter described. For this purpose I bring a tube from the top of
the room where there is no regular chimney, up through the roof in as
straight a line as possible to one of my chimney pots aforesaid, joining
the two with an air-tight joint. The chimney pot consists of a vertical
smoke tube, round which near the top and connected to it by vertical
partitions is a second tube, the tops of the two tubes being about the
same level. The partitions extend down a few inches below the outer
tube, and end in a broad horizontal flange extending entirely round the
inner tube, and the same diameter as the outer tube. The force of any

page_text: wind that is blowing being deflected up the outside tube of the chimney
pot by the partitions and flange induces a current from the room. Any
other form of apparatus in which the wind is deflected upwards, and
induces a current or turns a wind turbine or vane that in its turn induces
a current will do.
2nd. As if air is drawn out of à room currents of other air must enter
it (unless hermetically sealed) the principal part of my Invention is
designed to inject these currents so as to prevent draughts. The plan I
prefer for this is to insert a tube or tubes A, about five inches in length,
vertically through the bottom of the upper frame of the window, such
tube extending from 1 to 4 inches above the sash. It can be made
round or oval or parallel in horizontal section, and from half an inch to
an inch wide or in diameter to suit the circumstances of the case. The
bottom of the tube A. I expand out into a trumpet shape, or more strictly
into the shape of the "contracted vein" of hydraulic engineers. This
enables the wind to enter without eddy or friction, and increases the
efficiency of the apparatus immensely. I prefer to extend the tube
above the upper surface of the window bar about three inches, so that it
may not so easily get covered by accident or design. I also find that if
brought up several inches above the sash the air leaves the tube more
freely. To keep it in place I screw a thread on, as shown, and place a
nut B, and prefer to put a thread all the way down, as it is more
troublesome to unscrew, and therefore less likely to be tampered with.
Fig. 1 is a window sash, with a ventilating tube; Fig. 2, full sized
tube for ordinary chambers; Fig. 3, variation adopted for French
windows.
Having now described my Invention, and the best mode known to me
of carrying it into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
the introduction of air through holes in the window sash, nor yet taking
air from the top of the room into the chimney, or otherwise by itself,
but what I believe to be new and desire to secure under the herein-above
in part recited Letters Patent is,—
1st. The use of a tube through the sash of a window, with its outer
end pointing downwards, and its inner end vertically upwards for the
purposes described.
2nd. Making the outer tube terminate in a trumpet mouth or expanded
diameter.

page_text: 3rd. The mode of ventilating a room by means of a special tube
opening into a chimney pot or other terminal apparatus (usually on the
roof) for inducing a current, in combination with a ventilator working
on the principle of injecting air into the room in an upward vertical
column.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said Jasper Capper, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord 1876.
Witness,
EDWARD G. Colton,
Clerk to W. P. Thompson,
Patent Agent,
6, Lord Street,
Liverpool.
JASPER CAPPER. (L.s.)