IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARNS AFTER BEING SIZED OR STIFFENED, AND THE USE OR APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR SUB- STANCES IN THE SIZING, STIFFENING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS. AND. WOVEN FABRICS, OR EITHER OF THEM
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Alfred Mawdsley, of Seacombe, in the County
of Chester, Smalt Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARNS AFTER BEING SIZED OR
STIFFENED, AND THE USE OR APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR SUB-
STANCES IN THE SIZING, STIFFENING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS. AND.
WOVEN FABRICS, OR EITHER OF THEM."
Sealed the 11th March 1859, and dated the 3rd November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd November 1858.
I, PETER ALFRED MAWDSLEY, of Seacombe, in the County of Chester, Smalt
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARNS AFTER BEING SIZED OR
STIFFENED, AND THE USE OR APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES
IN THE SIZING, STIFFENING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS AND WOVEN FABRICS,
OR EITHER OF THEM," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in furnishing all, some, or one of the
drying cylinders, over which yarn passes after having been sized or stiffened
with rods, bars, or blades of wood, iron, or other suitable substance placed

page_text: longitudinally and at convenient distances from each other on the circum-
ference of such cylinder or cylinders, in order to prevent the yarn from coming
in direct contact with such cylinder or cylinders.
The second part of my Invention consists in substituting for the substances
hitherto used in sizing, stiffening, or otherwise preparing yarns or woven
fabrics, alkaline aluminates, such as the aluminate of potash or the aluminate
of soda, either alone or separately, or mixed with substances which are cal-
culated to impart body and whiteness to. the aluminate or aluminates, or with
flour, starch, or other substances now used in the sizing or stiffening of yarns
or fabrics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ALFRED MAWDSLEY, of Seacombe, in the County of Chester, Smalt Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,' give and grant
unto me, the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley, Her special licence that I,
the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
DRYING YARNS AFTER BEING SIZED OR STIFFENED, AND THE USE OR APPLICATION OF
A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES IN THE SIZING, STIFFENING, OR OTHERWISE
PREPARING YARNS AND WOVEN FABRICS, OR EITHER OF THEM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The first part of my Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus
for drying yarns after having been sizened or stiffened, and consists in fur-
nishing one or more of the drying cylinders, over which the yarn passes, after
having been sized or stiffened, with projections, rods, bars, or blades of wood,
iron, or other suitable substance placed longitudinally and at convenient
distances from each other on the circumference of the cylinder or cylinders, in
order to prevent the yarn from coming in contact with such cylinder or
cylinders; but this improvement I do not claim.
The second part of my Invention consists in the use or application of
alkaline aluminates, such as the aluminate of soda and the aluminate of
potash, for the purpose of sizing, stiffening, or otherwise preparing yarns or
woven fabrics. The aluminates of soda and of potash may be used either
seperately or mixed, alone, or in combination with a substance or substances
calculated to impart body and whiteness to the aluminate, such as flour, starch,
or other substances used in the sizing or stiffening of yarns and fabrics.
The aluminates of soda and of potash may be prepared in a variety of ways,
the aluminate of soda, for instance, in the following manner:-Take equal
parts of alumina and any of the carbonates of soda, and fuse them together in a
reverberatory furnace until the materials are thoroughly incorporated by fusion.
The alumina during the process of fusion expels the carbonic acid from the
carbonate of soda, and the product left will be a white hard substance readily
soluble in water. The aluminate of potash is prepared in a similar manner,
potash being substituted for soda. The aluminates are then dissolved in either
hot or cold water (I prefer to dissolve them in hot water,) and afterwards
concentrated by evaporation to the requisite consistency, which will vary
according to the purpose for which they may be required.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that
what I claim as the Invention to be secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,―
The use and application, as herein-before described, of alkaline aluminates

page_text: such as the aluminates of potash and of soda, for the sizing, stiffening, or other-
wise preparing yarns and woven fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Alfred Mawdsley, bave hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
P. A. MAWDSLEY. (L.S.)