IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR HAMMERING OR FORGING METALS, DRILLING AND CHANNELLING ROCKS, RIVETING, AND OTHER LIKE OPERATIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR HAMMERING OR
FORGING METALS, DRILLING AND CHANNELLING ROCKS, RIVETING, AND OTHER
LIKE OPERATIONS."-A communication from abroad by Robert Henry
Thurston, of Hobekon, New Jersey, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 7th August 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
3. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton
Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 7th August 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
5. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton
Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "Improveme
MACHINES-FOR-HAMMERING OR FORGING METALS, DRILLING AND CHANNELLING
O ROCKS, RIVETING, AND OTHER LIKE OPERATIONS," and have petitioned Her

page_text: Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Decla-
ration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Robert
Henry Thurston, of Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of tho said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following state-
ment, referénce being liad to the accompanying Drawing forming a part
of this Specification:-
The improvements herein described have reference to certain pecu-
liarities in the construction of the piston, the arrangement and operation
of the valves, the devices for feeding, the method of holding the tool,
and of imparting rotation to the tool when such rotation is desirable, and
certain other points which will be herein-after noted, all arranged and
combined to form an effective machine for use not only in the ordinary
operations of a steam hammer used in forging, but in special work
as in rock drilling, rock channelling, in riveting, and in work of like

page_text: A is the cylinder within which reciprocates an elongated piston B; C;
is the piston rod; D is the tool holder. The piston, piston rod, and tool
holder, being those parts which undergo the severest shock are here
made in one piece, a construction -which-ensures great strength and
freedom from the annoyances and accidents constantly occurring by the
loosening of these parts when bolted, screwed, pinned, or clamped
together. The angles formed by the junction of the piston rod with
adjacent parts are carefully rounded to prevent breakages at those
points. When the tool holder D exceeds in dimensions the diameter of
the piston rod O, it becomes necessary to construct the forward bearing J
and the follower L that confines the rod packing in segments. In the
case of the bearing J, the parts are kept in position by the cylinder
head M, which is shrunk about such bearing. The parts of the
follower L are held by the band 2, shrunk in like manner about them.
The cylinder heads M, O, may be held in the usual manner by being
bolted to the ends of the cylinder A, or they may have reinforcing rods P,
Figures 2, 4, connecting the heads, which as experience has proved
are less liable to yield. The device for holding the tool consists of a
conical recess formed in the end of the piston rod, into which are
inserted the conical wedges 3, 3, 3, whose outer surfaces conform to the
interior of the recess, and whose inner surfaces when the wedges are in
position form a cylindrical opening to receive the shank of the tool. It
will be apparent that any outward movement of the wedges will cause
them to draw toward the axis of the cone, and wedge the.tool.
When the tool strikes by its contact with the bottom of the conical
recess formed in the piston rod, the advance of the latter is suddenly
arrested, the wedges binding but lightly by their momentum wedge in
between the tool and the inner surface of the recess, and each successive
blow but tends to hold the tool more firmly. A valuable feature of this
device is the keeping of the shank of the tool in constant bearing upon
the bottom of the socket, which prevents the upsetting of the metal as
occurs in the case of other and less perfect methods, which allow of
movement of the tool in its holder.
Another important advantage of this construction is its self accommo-
dation to shanks of different sizes, whether made thus or become uneven
by wear, cach will be held firmly. By driving the wedges backward
with a hammer the tool can be readily drawn out. The character of the
blow given by the machine may be governed to a considerable degree by

page_text: interposing between the tool and its holder a pad 34 of suitablo material,
see Figure 6. The blow from the tool being received by the disc 35,
which distributes such blow over the surface of the pad, for example, if it
be desired to give a blow such as is caused by a non-clastic body, the pad
might be of lead, a second class of work might require one of rubber.
The construction, arrangement, and operation of the valves which
govern the reciprocating action of the piston B are as follows:-Tho
piston has a conical slope b, b¹, c, by contact with which a reciprocating
movement is given to the cylindrical picce E, whose outer end is
constantly pressed by one end of a piston F. The main steam chest into
which the steam or other elastic motor is admitted is shewn at H, from
it a passage f leads into a smaller steam chest Q, and from the latter a
passage f' admits steam to act upon the outer end of the small piston F.
By such means the piston F is constantly pressed against the plug E,
and the latter kept in continual contact with the conical slope b, b², c, of 1
the main piston B. The piston F has a groove g, h, for receiving the
stem of a valve G, and such valve is thus made to partake of any
reciprocating motion given to the piston.
The movement of the valve G opens and closes the ports i, k, through
which the motor fluid is in the usual manner admitted to or exhausted 2
from the opposite ends of a piston I, to which is attached the main
valve K, which in the ordinary way governs the action of the motor in
working the main piston B. The movements of the valves G and K are
so timed that while the small valve is reversed before the main piston B
completes its forward stroke, the main valve K will not be moved 2
enough to open the port d until the blow has been struck, so that the
full effect is given that may be due to the momentum acquired by the
piston B and its attachments.
The governing of the length of stroke of the piston B and the
stoppage of the machine, are effected by rotating the piston F. The
groove g, h, is spiral, so that by turning the piston F in either direction,
the valvo G will be moved up or down, thus changing its position
relatively to its ports i and k, and causing them to be opened or closed at
any desired point in the stroke of the main piston B. By turning F
sufficiently in either direction the valve G may be moved up or down, so 3
far that its range of movement will be too small to uncover the port i or
the port as the case may be, so that the piston I and the main valve

page_text: cannot reverse, and the main piston will be stopped at the desired end of
its cylinder.
If from any cause, as the breakage of the tool, or neglect to feed the
piston should move forward more than was intended, the plug E will be
forced upward by the slope b', c, to reverse the valves and admit tho full
pressure of the motor behind the piston to stop its motion. By this.
device repeated blows upon the forward head are prevented, and the
cause in many machines of breakages thus avoided. The single shock
or blow upon the forward head is materially lessened by the clasticity of
the motor confined in front of the piston by its covering the port when
thus advanced. A false head such as is used at rear end of the cylinder
as herein-after described may be used; but experience has shewn it to
be uncalled for, as by the construction used but one blow can be given,
and that a cushioned blow, which the cylinder head and fastenings are
amply able to withstand. The piston remains pressed against the
forward head until the machine is fed forward, by which action the piston
is forced back to permit the plug F to move down the slope tie b¹, c,
when the valves being reversed motion commences and is continued as
before. The piece p is flattened to enter a slot at the upper end of the
piston F, but in such a manner as not to interfere with the reciprocating
movement of the latter, while it prevents its rotating when the former
piece p is held in position. The upper end of this piece p passes through
a stuffing box q, by which the leakage of steam or air is prevented,
and by which friction is induced to hold it in any required position. The
operator by turning the piece p necessarily turns the piston F, and thus
starts or stops the machine or regulates the stroke whatever may be the
speed at which it is running. The piston F may extend down to the
surface b, bª, c, and the plug E may be omitted. It might also be forced
downward by a spring instead of by the motor fluid. The valve G might
also be adjusted by a nut working on a thread or other equivalent device,
instead of the groove g, h; and the slope b, b, c, may be formed upon a
piece separate from the piston, but partaking of its movements. To
keep the piston I from striking the ends of its cylinder the passages i, k,
enter the cylinder a short distance from the ends, and are automatically
closed by the piston covering them and at the same time opening the
small ports or passages m, n, to admit the motor fluid into the ends of the
cylinder, and stop the piston I before it strikes the heads.
1
D
the i

page_text: head N is fitted into the cylinder so as to leave a space v between tho two
heads, into which the motor fluid is admitted through the passage t, its
cscape being prevented by the poppet valve s. An clastic buffer is
thus formed to stop the piston and ease the shock upon the rear
head.
Any shock due to the movement of the pistons I and B may be
tempered by an clastic material, such as rubber, but the arrangements
above described are preferable.
To admit of feeding the machine to its work it is supported by and
slides upon guides or ways S, S, and is moved forward or backward as
required by turning the screw T.
Special devices for feeding are adopted when the machine is used for
rock drilling or work of a like character. The scrow is prevented from
turning by the click or pawl o, Figures 1, 2, which being pressed by a
spring to is made to engage the ratchet V. The arm of the click is
chamfered at u, as is also the case with one end of the rod 4, Figure 4.
By contact of these inclined faci a backward movement of the rod 4
will push back the arm of the click and disengage it from its ratchet
to permit the screw to be turned. At the forward end of the cylinder A
and projecting into it is shewn one end of a short lever 5, the other
end of which presses the end of the rod 4. When the drilling has
progressed so far that the forward end of the piston B strikes the lever
arm the other arm of such lever pushes backward the rod 4 to disengage
the ratchet V as described, and to permit the feed screw to be turned
to move the machine forward until the next tooth of the ratchet
engages the click v, from which it is in turn freed as before.
If the operator does not turn the screw for a forward feed, or if the
machine is left, it will stop itself, as the deepening of the hole allows
the drill and piston to advance so far that the slope b, c, of the piston
presses the plug E upward to stop the machine in the manner previously
explained. The position of the lever 5, protected as shown, and
operated from within the cylinder, affords great security against
breakage. Tho nuts 36 and 37, Fig. 3, which hold the feed screw' to
its bearing in the strap 38 attached to the ways are prevented from
working loose by having their threads cut in opposite directions. When
the screw is turned by hand there are but fow teeth on the ratchet,
generally thero are but threc.

page_text: Various devices for automatic feeding are used. For feeding down-
ward the arrangement already described in some instances suffices. The
pitch of the feed screw is such as to permit the machine by its gravity,
aided by the jarring attendant upon its use; to turn the feed screw
until it is checked by the ratchet's contact with the click or pawl v, which
at the proper moment will be freed as stated. When this method of
feeding is used another pawl is generally-added to prevent the reaction
of the machine from turning the feed screw backward.
Another method employed is to turn the feed screw by means of a
weight suspended by a chain winding about the drum upon the feed
screw. The drum is not fixed immovably upon the screw but turns the
latter by means of a clutch, thus allowing the feed to be turned by
hand when the use of the weight is not desired. When working in
any but a horizontal direction the chain passes over a guide to lead in
right manner on or off the drum. Interposed between the weight and
chain is a spring to ease the jerking motion due to the action of the
machine.
As a substitute for the weight a coiled spring, operated as in clocks,
may be used to turn the feed screw.
Another arrangement is to work the ratchet wheel V when freed, as
before mentioned, by the reciprocating movement of the pawl 14, which
is pivotted at 15 within a plunger 16 worked by the motor fluid, which
alternately enters and exhausts by the passages 17, 18, leading from
the ports of the main cylinder. The ports 19, 20, opening into the
plunger cylinder are covered by the plunger when near the ends of its
stroke, the motor being confined to act as a cushion. By using the
poppet valves 21, 22, which open inward and connect with the ports
19, 20, the motor fluid is admitted Between the cylinder head and the
plunger to act upon the latter until the said ports are uncovered.
"
The reciprocating action of the plunger operates to turn the ratchet
and feed screw until a stop 23 upon the ratchet engages the click V,
when the motion ceases until the piston has worked its way forward
far enough to disengage the click, when the turning of the feed
screw again commences-and-continues-until-again checked. In
this and in the previous arrangements if the automatic devices should
fail or not be wanted, the screw, may be turned by hand, as if such other

page_text: devices were not attached, or a downward feed may be accomplished by
the weight of the machine turning the screw as above described.
Another construction at times preferred (when the machine is used
for rock drilling, or for similar work) because casily repaired or replaced
by any ordinary blacksmith, is shown in Fig. 8, the peculiar feature of 5
which is the use during the back stroko of the reaction of the motor
upon the forward head to advance the machine upon its ways. When the
motor is admitted to the forward end of the cylinder A its pressure upon
the forward bead is of course the same as upon the piston, and if the
latter were kept from moving backward tho cylinder itself, if not 1
held in position, would advance. It requires a consideroble force to
overcome the inertia of the mass of metal of which the piston B forms
a part, and the reaction of such force upon the end of the cylinder is
taken advantage of in feeding the machine in the following manner :-
The feed movement is regulated by two gripes X, Z, which bind
upon 1
a rib 10 attached to the ways S. When it is desired to hold the machine
in position the gripe X operates to prevent a backward movement, and
Z prevents a forward movement. The gripe X is notched at one end
so as to bear upon the rib 10, while the other end is pivotted to the
machine, the notched end being pressed forward by a spring 11 so as 2
not to bind with an advance movement. The gripo Z is similar, but is
held upon the ways by friction induced by a screw 12.
Partaking of the motion of the drill bar is a tappet; when the cutting
has advanced so far that a forward feed is necessary it is effected by the
tappet striking the lover 13, and thus driving forward the gripo Z, when 2
it is retained by friction as explained, and the machine is free to movo
forward upon the ways the same distance that the gripe Z has advanced.
The advance of the machine will then be effected by the reaction of
the motor upon the cylinder head as is above described. By freeing the
gripe X while the gripe Z is in bearing a back feed may be secured in 8
the same manner as the forward feed. The same arrangement of parts
allows of a momentum feed. If, for example, the drill should not strike
the rock, the momentum of the piston and connected parts acting upon
the motor, compressed between such piston and the cylinder head M in
the manner previously explained, will force the cylinder forward, the 8
latter being freed by the advance movement of the piston driving
forward the lever 18 and gripe Z as described. A rapid feed is thus

page_text: secured until the drill strikes the rock, when the reaction feed comes
into operation.
.
:
The rotation of the tool, when a rotation is required, is effected by the
long click R. pivotted at 6, 6', and which during the back stroke of the
piston is by a spring 7 made to engage the teeth of a ratchet U cut upon
said piston. The ratchet teeth and the spiral working edge of the click R
are inclined to the direction in which the piston moves to cause the
rotation. During the forward stroke of the piston, the click is raised by
the ratchet teeth, which pass freely beneath it.
The bearing 6', for one of the journals of the click R, is in a metal
block, which is made separato from the cylinder to enable the click to
be inserted or withdrawn; the click projects through an opening into.
the cylinder. Above the click and fitting to the shape of the recess 8 is
an elastic packing 9 of rubber or other suitable material, which serves
the double purpose of preventing the escape of the motor fluid from the
cylinder, and by its clasticity lessening the shock given to the click
when the piston is thrown backward.
The devices for rotation in use upon other machines are continually.
breaking under the strains to which they are subjected. In the machine
herein described the simplicity and strength of the parts are such that
they fail only by long use. By being placed within the cylinder and
between the bearings of the piston and rod they are secure from outlying
and destructive influences.
In mounting the machine when portability is desired the tripsod
form, Fig. 9, is most convenient.
The legs are made hollow or so constructed that 'the bars 24, 24, 24,
may slide within or through them, by which means they become
adjustable in length. When adjusted the bars are held firmly by clamps
constructed as at 25, 25, or 26. In the first mentioned construction the
hollow legs are slit upward as shown, and have upon them lugs 27,
through which screws pass, by turning these screws the slit ends are
made to bind upon the bar. In the second construction at 26 the bar is
fixed secured in position by the set screw 38 (the set screw may also be
used in the first construction), and then the clamp 39, which is a
separate piece from the leg or bar, is clamped to the bar, so that the
bottom of the leg may bear upon it.

page_text: To allow the machine to be adjusted to work in any required direction
the following construction is used:-In Figure 28 is a stud projecting
from the bed of the machine, about which the clamp 29 is made to bind
by the screw; and transversely to this clamp and forming one piece with
it is the similar clamp 30, through which passes a cylinder 41, made
fast to the tripod; a universal joint is thus formed. The cylinder is formed
of piping, the ends are capped by the sockets 31 of the tripod, which
sockets also form bearings, within which the cylinder or pipo may
revolve, and are kept in position by bolts 32, 33, connecting them and
passing through the pipe.
If the machine above described is to be used for rock channelling it
will only be necessary to mount the machine upon suitable carriages or
ways to enable it to be fed in any desired direction.
1
When in ordinary use as a hammer, and when used for special
purposes, for example, as a riveting machine, the same gencral 1
construction is retained, excepting the movements and devices used for
rotating and feeding the tool, which would not be adapted to the work
to be performed, and would require appropriate mountings and feed in
place of those described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
ycar
Witness,
HENRY J. NOONE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)