Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 6th May, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Paper Making Machines.
We, JOHN WARREN MOORE, of 2405, N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
in the United States of America, and JOSEPH ATWOOD WHITE, of Oaklane and
Lawnton Avenue, Philadelphia, aforesaid, Machinists, and, CHARLES LACEY
HAMILTON, of 264, West Walnut Lane, Germantown, Philadelphia, aforesaid,
Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in paper making machines known
as the Fourdrinier" machines, in which a making wire is traversed over a frame
which is agitated, causing the fibres of the pulp to knit together and form on the
wire a sheet of paper. This machine is known as a continuous machine.
The main object of this invention is to so construct the' machine that the shake
frame can be freely vibrated, the frame being suspended at its free end instead of
being supported as heretofore; the suspension members being simply plates of
spring metal, dispensing entirely with loose joints.
Further objects of the invention are: to provide means for vertically adjusting
the shake frame; to support the upper and lower guide rolls; so that they will
move laterally in unison; to provide adjustable means for shaking the frame; to
provide means for removing the breast roll; to provide means whereby the couch
roll can be adjusted; and for placing more or less tension on the making wire.
These objects are attained in the following manner, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a "Fourdrinier” paper making machine provided
with these improvements:
Figure is a transverse section on the line 2-2, Figure 1, showing the shaking
mechanism in elevation;
Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3, Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an enlarged face view of the end suspension plate;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is an enlarged face view of the supplementary suspension plate;
Figure 7 is a sectional view of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a side view of one end of the machine illustrating the method of
removing the breast roll;
Figure 9 is a plan view of the shaking mechanism illustrated in Figure 2;
Figure 10 is an enlarged sectional view of the adjustable guide of the shaking
mechanism;
Figure 11 is an end view of a modification of the shaking mechanism;
Figures 12 and 13, are views of another form of shaking mechanism;
Figure 14 and 15, are views illustrating the yielding connection between the
shaking mechanism and the shake frame;
Figure 16, is a view showing a modified arrangement of the suspension plates of
the shake frame; and

page_text: Figure 17, is a side view showing the hinging of the side bars of the shake frame
to the fixed frame and to the end frame and also the mechanism for taking up
the slack of the making wire.
It will be understood that the invention relates particularly to the "Four-
drinier" end of the paper making machine, that is, the portion on which the paper
pulp settles to form a continuous sheet of paper.
'!!
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, A is the
fixed frame of a paper making machine, A¹ is a fixed standard which, in the
present instance, is independently mounted on the foundation, but in some
instances, may form part of the fixed frame, as shown in Figure 17.
1) is the shake frame having lower supporting rails d and upper rails at each
side, the upper rails form' a continuation of the rails a on the fixed frame A and
are, in the present instance as shown in Figure 1, secured at d to the fixed
frame A by bolts d³. The lower rails & are made up of two channel beams placed
back to back with sufficient space between them to allow for the passage of bolts
and for the free movement of an intermediate suspension plate hereafter described.
The members of the rails d are fitted to sockets a' in the present instance on
the fixed standard A¹ and are rigidly secured to the said standard by bolts a².
The rails and d¹ are connected together at intervals by hollow columns and
tie bolts passing through the said columns and through the space between the
two members of the rail d, as shown clearly in Figure 3.
An end frame D¹ is rigidly secured to both the upper and lower rails d' of the
shake frame, as shown in Figure 1, the upper rails being secured to the said end
frame by bolts do and the members of the lower rails being fitted in sockets in the
said end frame and secured thereto by bolts . Thus the entire shake frame con-
sists of the upper and lower rails , d and the end frames A¹ and D¹ the whole
being rigidly connected together.
The rails will readily bond when the end D¹ of the shake frame is vibrated, but
it will be understood that in some instances the shake frame may be made as shown
in Figure 17, in which arrangement the rails are pivotted to the fixed frame A of
the machine and to the end frame D', although it has been found in practice that
this is not essential and that pivot joints are objectionable in paper making
machines and should be avoided where possible.
The outer end of the shake frame is suspended from a fixed standard A2 by
suspension plates b, shown clearly in Figure 2, and in the enlarged views Figures 4
and 5. The suspension plates are mounted on each side of the machine as shown
and are secured in any suitable manner. In the present instance they are made
of spring metal and it has been found that the best results are obtained when a
series of thin plates are used instead of one thick plate.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5 cach suspension plate 6 is made up of two spring
plates suspended from a bolt a³ having an eccentric portion a fitting an opening
in the suspension plate and an opening in the clamp block a; the bolt has a
head at one end and a nut as at the opposite end, so that the plate b is rigidly
clamped to the standard A2 when the nut a is tightened on its bolt, but by
slacking off the nut as the bolt can be turned so that the eccentric will raise or
lower the plate and thus raise or lower the shake frame.
The lower end of each suspension plate b is rigidly secured by a bolt de to a
bracket forming part of the end frame D₁ the free end of the shake frame
being thus suspended from a standard by flexible plates, dispensing with all loose
joints and bearings in this part of the machine.
Intermediate suspension plates b¹ are preferably provided, as shown in
Figures 1, 6, and 7, especially on large machines.
In order to allow for the vertical adjustment of the frame, the bolts a', from
which the suspension plates 61 are hung, are vertically adjustable, the clamp
block as in the present instance extends over the top of the bearing A3 and has a
set screw so that when it is necessary to adjust the shake frame the bolt a is
loosened and as the shake frame is adjusted by turning the eccentric bolts a³ the

page_text: plate b with its bolt will be raised and after the adjustment is made the set
screw a is turned so as to bear upon the standard As and thus the middle of the
shake frame is supported by the suspension plates 61, taking a certain amount of
strain off the plates b. In the present instance each plate b¹ passes through the
space between the members of the lower rail d, as shown clearly in Figure 7, and
is secured to a bracket on the rail d by a bolt do.
The vertical adjustment of the shake frame is provided for, as it is found that,
in making certain classes of paper, when the machine is running at a certain speed,
the shake frame should be in certain positions to accomplish the best results.
In some instances the eccentric bolts a³ may be mounted in bearings in the
shake frame, and the plates fixed rigidly to the standard, or where an extended
adjustment is required, the bolts may be eccentric bolts as well as the bolts a³,
but it is found that the construction shown in the drawings, is preferable and
sufficient for ordinary purposes. Different lengths of plates 66' may be provided
where an extended adjustment is required.
The shake frame carries the breast roll E, the wire carrying rolls e and the
supporting rolls e¹ for the return run of the wire and also the deckle frame R
and the deckle straps S. The bearings for the carrying rolls e are secured to the
upper rails d' of the shake frame; the breast roll E is adapted to bearings e on
the end frame D¹, and the supporting rolls el are adapted to bearings carried by
the lower rails d of the shake frame.
The making wire i passes around the breast roll over the carrying rolls e, over
the suction boxes C around the lower couch roll B and on its return passes over
the supporting rolls e¹ and under a stretching roll e and other supporting rolls
carried by the shake frame to the breast roll. Thus it will be seen that the
making wire is carried partly by the fixed frame of the machine and partly by
the shake frame, but as the vibrating movement is so limited the wire will readily
accommodate itself to this movement.
Heretofore in machines where the shake frame was supported on pivotted stan-
dards, the lower supporting rolls were, in many instances, carried by these
standards, consequently the lower rolls were given less lateral movement than the
upper rolls, but by this invention the lower rolls are given the same throw as the
upper rolls directly above them, consequently there is no twisting of the making
wire.
The breast roll E is heavy and cumbersome, and difficult to remove from the
machine when an old making wire is to be removed and a new one substituted
therefor. In order to readily facilitate the removal of the said breast roll two
levers are mounted one on each side of the machine; these levers are pivotted
at f to a standard F. The long arm of each lever F is so shaped at its end that
when it is moved upwards it will engage the trunnion of the breast roll and lift
it out of its bearings, the short arm of the lever is acted upon by a swivelled
nut f3 which is mounted on a screw threaded shaft F2 journalled in the bearings F3
pivotted at f to the standard F. There is one of these screw shafts at each side
of the machine and on each screw shaft is a bevel wheel f which meshes with a
bevel wheel f5 on the cross shaft F*. On one end of the shaft is fitted a lever
by which the said shaft can be turned.
A ratchet lever is preferably used so that as it is reciprocated the two screw
shafts will turn in unison and gradually elevate or depress the arms of the
levers F. Other means for raising the levers may however be employed without
departing from this invention.
The long arm of each lever F has a lug f' at its outer end so that the lever will
support the breast roll when it raises it out of its box.
Gis a truck having sockets g for the reception of the trunnions of the roll;
this truck has wheels to run on rails removably secured in the present
instance to the lower rails d of the shake frame.
To remove the breast roll the upper half of the bearing 2 is detached, the
levers F are then raised by turning the screw shafts, the ends of the said levers

page_text: passing under the trunnions of the roll as they are raised and elevating the roll
out of the lower bearing and by reversing the screws the levers will descend and
deposit the roll upon the truck G, which is movable transversely and will travei
from the rails on the machine to temporary rails at the side of the machine.
It will be understood that before the breast roll is removed a number of the
carrier rolls e are also detached, and the save-al! T, which is of the ordinary con-
struction, is withdrawn so as to leave the space clear for the removal of the old
making wire, and the placing of the new making wire.
BB are the upper and lower couch rolls, around the lower one of which passes
the making wire i and the upper roll can be adjusted towards and from the surface
of the making wire. This upper roll is carried by levers B2 pivotted to the frame
of the machine at 62. 63 is a weighted lever pivotted at 6' and connected to the
short arm of this lever is a screw-threaded rod 65 having a block adjustable on
the rod by a nut 67 at the back of the block. The rod 6 is situated between the
prongs of the forked end of the lever Be and the block 66 rests in a socket in the
lever. By the weight on the long arm of the lever 3 the upper couch roll B is
pressed downwards. A similar arrangement is provided on both sides of the
machine.
On each side of the machine are plates C₁ having bearings for a screw c and
on this screw is a nut c' which can slide on the plate but cannot turn with the
screw, so that by turning the screw the nut can be moved forward in contact with
the lever B³ or away from the lever. Each screw C may have a square head to
receive a ratchet lever, or each may be provided with a toothed bevel wheel gearing
with a bevel wheel on a hand wheel, so that the screw can be turned by turning
the hand wheel at each side of the machine.
When it is wished to elevate the upper couch roll the weighted levers are
raised, thereby releasing the block from engagement with the levers B2, the
screw shafts care then turned moving the nut c forward in contact with the
levers B, forcing the lower arm of each lever forward, and elevating the upper
arm and the couch roll carried thereby. By turning the screw shafts c in the
opposite direction the nuts will be drawn back from the levers 12 and the upper
couch roll is lowered, and the weighted levers can be readily connected. By
this arrangement access to the couch rolls is not barred by weighted rods as in
machines made prior to this invention.
In Figure 1 the tension roller e³ is shewn as fixed in bearings, but in Figure 17
means are shewn for adjusting this roller to take up the slack in the making wire
when necessary.
The roll has journals mounted in bearings adjustable in the ends of two
arms H carried by a shaft H, provided with an arm at one end, on which arm
is a swivel nut 41, and through which passes an adjusting screw having its
end secured to a counterbalancing lever H2 pivotted at to the frame of the
machine, and having an adjustable weight h. By this arrangement the tension
roll e³ can be adjusted by the screw 2 without altering the position of the counter-
balancing lever H².
Referring now to Figures 2, 9 and 10 the following is a description of the
mechanism for imparting the lateral vibrating motion to the shake frame.
I is a standard mounted on a suitable foundation and in the upper portion of
this standard is a split bearing I¹ shaped to receive a circular guide block 12 in
which is a slideway fitted with a slide J.
The guide block I has in the present instance two lugs i¹ one on each side of,
and engaging a nut mounted on the threaded shaft I³; this shaft has on one
end a hand wheel or a head by which the shaft can be turned so as to move the
nut along on the shaft and by the engagement of the nut with the lugs i, turn
the guide block in its bearing I¹ so as to increase or diminish the throw of the
shake frame, as hereinafter described. On the opposite end of the screw shaft I³
are, in the present instance, two nuts which when turned will draw the two
parts of the split bearing towards each other and thus clamp the guide block Iª
5

page_text: sary.
rigidly in its set position; these nuts can be in the form of hand wheels if neces-
In the slide J is a plate which can be adjusted to take up the wear of the
slide J by means of set screws 26 which extend through slots in the bearing I'
into threaded openings in the guide block.
K is a driven shaft having an eccentric pin k engaging a link L, the said link
being made in sections, so that it can be readily coupled to the eccentric pin, and
to a pin on a connecting rod M, which rod, in the present instance, is made of
two members secured to a head M', and on this rod is the carrying pin of the
slide block J. The head M¹ is connected to the shake frame of the machine.
As the shaft K is turned, a reciprocating motion is given to the connecting
link L, and consequently vertical motion will be imperted to the rod M and its
block J, but as the block is fitted to the ways in the guide block I the longi-
tudinal movement of the connecting rod M will be governed by this guide block,
so that by turning the guide block in its bearing I more or less, the longitudinal
movement of the connecting rod M will be increased or reduced. By this arrange-
ment the lateral movement of the shake frame can be regulated to a fine degree
while the machine is in motion.
In order to take up any shock that may occur in vibrating the shake frame, a
cushion is provided between the connecting rod M and the shake frame D; this
cushion is illustrated clearly in Figures 2, 14 and 15, and consists of a box N
secured to the shake frame and provided with a cap n. The head of the con-
necting rod has a cross bar m which passes through the box and mounted between
the cross bar and the bottom of the box, and between the cross bar and the cap,
are cushion blocks of yielding material, preferably rubber. Each face of the
cross bar is preferably curved as shown so as to more readily accommodate the
movement of the connecting rod.
The box can be tightened up to the proper degree so that more or less tension
can be placed upon the cushions so that as the shaking mechanism is operated
the shake frame will be vibrated but the jar will be overcome by the cushions.
In Figure 11 is shown a modification of the shaking mechanism, in which the
connecting link or eccentric strap is elongated, and the driving shaft is mounted
on standards projecting from the base of the machine. The shaft K, in this case,
is driven from a shaft K' mounted in bearings on the base of the machine. Each
shaft has a cone pulley, one arranged opposite to the other, and passing around
the cone pulleys is a belt; this belt is shifted by any suitable shifting mech-
anism K³, so as to increase or diminish the speed of the shaft K.
In the construction shown in Figures 2 and 9, the cone pulley on the shaft K
is driven from a cone pulley on a driving shaft under the floor of the paper making
room: the belt is shifted by the belt shifting mechanism K.
Figures 12 and 13 are views of another form of shaking mechanism, in which all
the mechanism is mounted above the floor and the connecting rod has two arms,
one at right angles to the other, so that as the eccentric shaft K is turned, a
vertical reciprocating motion will be imparted to the connecting rod, and the
lateral movement of the rod will be governed by the inclination of the slotted
guide block.
In Figure 16 is shown two suspension plates side by side to suspend the end
of the shake frame. This construction is especially adapted for use in machines
where only a top rail is used, but it can be used in machines having the top and
bottom rails, if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. The combination in a paper making machine, of a fixed frame, a shake frame
consisting of lower supporting rails mounted on the fixed frame, upper rails, a
making wire having the unner run corried br tha
T

page_text: nections whereby the said upper rails are supported at points throughout their
length upon the lower rails, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination in a paper making machine, of a fixed frame, a lower couch
roll mounted thereon, a shake frame having upper and lower rails, a breast roll
and carrying rolls thereon, an endless making wire adapted to the breast roll and
couch roll, and supported by the carrying rolls, flexible plates by which the shake
frame is suspended, and means for laterally vibrating the said shake frame, sub-
stantially as herein before described.
3. The combination in a paper making machine, of a fixed frame, a shake frame,
the said shake frame consisting of upper and lower members rigidly connected
together, bearings for the wire carrying rolls on the upper members and on the
lower members, with means for reciprocating the said shake frame at one end,
substantially as herein before described.
4. The combination of a fixed frame, a shake frame connected thereto, a stan-
dard, suspension plates secured to the standard and shake frame, with eccentrie
bolts, by which the shake frame is vertically adjusted, substantially as described.
5. The combination of a fixed frame, a shake frame connected thereto, a stan-
dard, suspension plates secured to the shake frame, eccentric bolts mounted in the
standard and adapted to the upper portion of the suspension plates, so that on
turning the eccentric bolts the shake Irame can be raised or lowered, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
6. The combination of a fixed frame, a shake frame connected thereto, a stan-
dard, a suspension plate secured to the shake frame, a bolt securing the plate to
the standard, the said standard having a slot for the bolt, a clamp block through
which the bolt passes, a set screw adapted to the block and resting upon the
standard, substantially as described.
7. The combination of a standard, a shake frame having upper and lower rails,
the lower rails each having two members, a flexible suspension plate secured at its
upper end to the standard and passing through the space between the members
of the lower rails, and secured thereto, substantially as described.
8. The combination in a paper making machine, of a shake frame, a standard
at the free end of the machine, flexible suspension plates having their lower ends
secured to the shake frame, eccentric bolts adapted to the openings in the upper
portions of the said flexible plates, the said bolts being mounted in the plates,
intermediate suspension plates adapted to standards and means for adjusting the
intermediate plates in accordance with the end suspension plates, substantially as
herein before described.
9. The combination in a paper making machine, of a shake frame, with vibrating
mechanism having a connecting rod and a cushion connection between the con-
necting rod and the shake frame, substantially as herein before described.
10. The combination in a paper making machine, of a fixed frame, a shake
frame connected thereto, means for suspending the said shake frame, vibrating
mechanism having a connecting rod and a cushion connection, with means for
adjusting the tension of the cushions, substantially as herein before described.
11. The combination in a paper making machine, of a breast roll, its bearings,
a pivotted lever at each side of the machine, adapted to engage with the breast roll
and lift it off its bearings, with means for raising or lowering the said levers, sub-
stantially as herein before described.
12. The combination in a paper making machine, of a breast roll, its bearings,
a truck adapted to traverse transverse rails, two arms one at each side of the
machine adapted to engage the trunnions of the breast roll and so set, that they
will lift the trunnions out of the box and carry the breast roll when the arms are
lowered, and deposit the breast roll on the truck, with means for operating the
arms in unison, substantially as described.
13, The combination in a paper making machine, of a making wire, a roll for
tightening the said wire, pivotted arms supporting the said roll, pivotted weighted
levers hung to the frame of the machine, an extensible connection between the
arms and the levers, whereby the levers may be maintained, substantially hori-

page_text: zontal irrespective of the position of the tightening roll, substantially as herein.
before described.
14. The combination in a paper making machine, of two pivotted levers, an
upper couch roll or press roll mounted in bearings in one arm of each lever, weights
detachably secured to the other arm of each lever, and means for acting upon the
said levers to raise the rolls, substantially as hereinbefore describedk
15. The combination in a paper making machine, of the two couch or press rolls,
a lever on each side of the machine carrying the upper roll, a pivotted weighted
lever detachably connected to the long arm of the said carrying lever, a screw
with a travelling nut thereon, and means for turning the said screw so as to elevate
the roll when the weighted lever is detached, substantially as herein before
described.
16. In a shaking mechanism, a link or connecting rod attached to the device
to be vibrated, means for imparting motion to the connecting rod, a controlling
device attached to the connecting rod, with means for adjusting the said con-
trolling device so that the longitudinal reciprocating movement of the connecting
rod can be varied without varying the prime mover, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
1. In a shaking mechanism, the combination of a link, or connecting rod, means
for imparting a reciprocating motion to the connecting rod, a slide block pivotted
to the connecting rod, a guide for the slide block, means for adjusting the guide
so as to increase or diminish the longitudinal reciprocating movement of the con-
necting rod, substantially as herein before described.
18. In a shaking mechanism, a connecting rod, guide therefor, means for recipro-
cating the connecting rod in one direction, the guide controlling the movement
of the connecting rod in the opposite direction, substantially as hereinbefore.
described.
19. The combination in a shaking mechanism, of a bearing, a guide adjustable
circumferentially in the said bearings, the said guide having a slot, a connecting
rod having a block fitted to the slot in the guide, and means for reciprocating the
said connecting rod, substantially as herein before described.
20. The combination of a bearing, a circular guide adapted to the bearing, a
slot in the said guide, a screw or worm for moving the guide circumferentially in
the bearing, means for clamping the guide in the bearing, a connecting rod having
a block fitted to the guide, and means for imparting movement to the connecting
rod, substantially as hereinbefore described.
21. The combination of a driving shaft, a driven shaft, cone pulleys on each
shaft, a belt passing around the said pulleys, mechanism for shifting
the belt on the pulleys, an eccentric on the driven shaft, an eccentric
strap and link rod, a rod connecting the said link to the mechanism to be
vibrated, the said connecting rod having a block, a guide in which the block is
fitted to slide, and means for adjusting the guide, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
22. The Fourdrinier paper making machine, substantially as herein before
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.