Machine for Cutting Mitre and Bevil Gear Wheels
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Apr 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr,
1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
A Machine for Cutting Mitre and Bevil Gear Wheels
I, JOHN BUCK, 47, Boultham Avenue, Lincoln, Engineer's Foreman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
A machine for cutting mitre and bevil wheels in such a way that each tooth of
such wheels shall be of true form throughout its whole length
Instead of using a revolving cutter or milling tool as in other machines I use
two planing tools, one on each side of the tooth These tools are fixed to slides
which wort in inclined grooves, the continuation of which grooves points to the
theoretical point of intersection of the centre lines of the teeth of one bevil
wheel with the centre line of the teeth of the wheel gearing with it Suitable
means are provided for making the reed of the cutting tools and the rotation of
the wheel being cut quite automatic
Dated this 26th day of April 1895
JOHN BUCK,
47 Boultham Avenue, Lincoln
I, JOHN BUCK, of 47 Boultham Avenue, Lincoln, Engineer's Foreman, do
bereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
-
This invention relates to a machine for cutting mitre and bevil wheels in such a
way that each tooth of such wheels shall be of true form throughout its whole
length
Instead of using a revolving cutter or milling tool as in other machines, I use
two planing tools, one each side of the tooth These tools are fixed to slides
which work in inclined grooves, the continuation of which grooves points to the
theoretical point of intersection of the centre lines of the teeth of one bevil wheel
with the centre line of the teeth of the wheel gearing with it
Suitable means are provided for making the feed of the cutting tools and the
rotation of the wheel being cut quite automatic
My invention will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed drawings
Figure 1 elevation of a machine in which the teeth of mitre and bevil wheels
can be cut
Figure 2 plan of same
Figure 3 front end elevation of the radial feeding frame and appliances
Figure 3 sectional plan of feeding lever
Figure 4 back end of fixed frame with gear for imparting intermittent motion
for opening and closing grooved plates carrying the cutters
Figure 5 elevation of inclined grooved plates showing toggle appliances for
opening and closing them.
Fure 6 detached elevation of one of the grooved plates

page_text: Figures 7 and 8 transverse sectional views of the cutter carrier with sliding
blocks
1 main bed of machine with column bearer 2 for carrying axle or pivot pin 3
of the grooved plates 4, 4, both of which are supported therefrom
The opposite
euds of these plates 4, 4, are slotted at 5 5, for affixing links 6, 6, to suit the
angle at which the two plates 4, 4, shall be set in relation to each other, the two
links 6, 6, being connected at their opposite ends to a sliaing plate 7 movable
within a pillar 8 mounted upon the bed 1 and by which the open ends of the
plates 4, 4, are supported The pins 9, 9, of the plates 4, 4, and the links 6, 6,
project outwardly and are received in curved slots 10, 10, of a disc 11 mounted on
a quadiant carrying shaft 12, said quadrant 13 being in gear with the worin 14
of an intermittently moving shaft 15 operated by the pawl 16 of an oscillating
lever 17 as hereafter explained
The main driving shaft 18 has a pinion 19 and the usual speed cone pulley 20,
said pinion 19 being in gear with the wheel 21, the shaft 22 of which has an
eccentric 23 key ed to it for giving motion to a rod 24
The plates 4, 4, ale slotted and grooved at 25, 25 and serve to guide the cutting
tool slides 26, 26, to which the holders 27, 27, are affixed and adjustable in the
slots 28, 28, of the slides 26, 26, for giving the to and fro travel which they
perform under control of a couple of studs 29, 29, and connecting rods 30, 30,
from a sliding plate 31 to which motion is imparted from a disc 33 by a crank
pin 34 adjustable as to throw in the V slot 32 for ensuring the required travel to
the slides 26, 26, and tool holders 27, 27
35, is a frame swivelled on the più 36 for radial motion on the bed 1, the centre
of said pin 36 being in the same plane but at right angles to the pin 3, so that if
an imaginary line be struck through the centres of pins 3 36, and of the line of
travel of the cutters 27* it would cut a centre line drawn through the shaft 37 at
the point a
The shaft 37 is carried by supports 38, 38*, within which latter is a
bearing block 39 capable of being screwed up tight by the nuts 40, 40, to fix the
shaft 37 locally and according to the distance said shaft 37 is pushed in or drawn
out determined by the size and angle of the wheel to be cut For large wheels
the shaft 37 is drawn outwardly along with its hearing 38* which is slidable on
the frame 35, and for small wheels it is pushed inwardly, the wheel blank 41 being
secured to the shaft 37 by the pinch nut 42
The shaft 37 has a key way along it, so that when rotated by the dividing
wheel 43 it moves a similar distance This dividing wheel 43 is operable by the
pawl 44 of the lever 45, this being slotted for adjustment of the pawl 44 to suit
the throw of the dividing wheel 43 and shaft 37 according to the number of teeth
required to be cut in the blank 41
An eccentric 46 by the link 47 gives motion to a slotted lever 48 in which said
link 47 can be adjusted for operating a ratchet wheel 49 by the pawl 50, and this
through the spindle 51 gives rotation by bevil gear 52 to a worm 53 in gear with
a quadrant rack 54 fixed just under the table of the bed 1
The eccentric 46 is also connected by rod 55 to level 56 attached to one end of
the rod 57, the other end of which has a similar lever 58 affixed and engaging
with a spool 59 mounted loosely on the pin 36 to slide up and down thereon to
transfer the motion by lever 60 and shaft 61 and slotted bar 62 to the rod 17
(which is adjustable in lever 17*) for operating the pawl 16 and ratchet wheel 63
into which the pawl 16 takes in order that the plates 4, 4, may through the
curved slots 10, 10, in the disc 11 close in gradually as the cutters proceed in their
cutting action, the curvature of the slots 10, 10, determining the shape of the
teeth to be formed
The spindle 51 has a square end for the reception of a winch handle for first
adjusting the radially movable frame 35 to suit the angle of the face of the wheel
blank 41 placed on the shatt 37
When this adjustment is being performed, the pawl 50 is temporarily lifted out
of contact with the ratchet wheel 49

page_text: The lower end of the rod 24, which gives motion to all the other operative parts
except the sliders 26, is connected to a link 64 depending from a shaft 65 which
by a lever 66 and a block 67 retained within the rims of a sliding collar 68
imparts a lift motion to the collar which motion is transferred to lever 69 and
thence through the shaft 70 and lever 71 to the rod 72 for operating the push
pawl 44 and its lever 45
By the
The lever 45 is in a piece with a lever 73 at nearly right angles to it, to which
an arm 74 is adjustably attached for it on the down stroke of lever 45 to strike
against and push a locking pawl 70 out of the tooth of the dividing wheel 43 in
which it had been engaged On the return stroke of the lever 45 the paul 44
moves the wheel 43 forward and the lever 73 recedes from the locking paul 75
and allows it to rest upon the next blank space between the notche
continued movement of the lever 40 the wheel 43 will turn until the locking
paul 75 engages in the next notch but the lever 45 will travel still further and the
paul 44 will slide in the slot gunst the compression of its spr ng 77 which will
give out at the beginning of the down stroke of the lever 45, the wheel 43 being
still held by the two pauls 44, 75, the object of the slding movement being to
ensure the wheel 43 being carried fir enough
Ihe locking paul 75 is returnable by spring 76
The action and method of operating the machine is as follows - The blank +1
to be cut is clamped upon the end of the spindle 37 by the nut 42, and the pawl 50
is thrown out of gear so that the swivelled table by means of a handle applied to
the squate end of may be moved to the position required to bring he face of the
blank parallel with the longitudinal centre of the machine, the shaft 37 and
standard 38* is then moved forwards or backwards until the face of the blank
nearest the cutters 27* is in a line with the contie a
A dividing wheel 43 is then put in position upon the shaft 37 and said wheel
may have the exact number of teeth or divisions it is proposed to cut in the
blank 41 in which case the stroke of the pawl 44 is arranged to engage every
tooth or division in succession, or the dividei 43 may have any greater number of
teeth so long as it is divisible without remainder by the number of teeth proposed
to be cut on the blank, for instance suppose that the wheel 43 has 50 teeth and
the number proposed to be cut in the blank 41 is 20, then 50 divided by 20 gives
2 teeth ovci which the pawl 44 must move at every troke
The length of this stioke can be accurately adjusted by clamping the lower end
of the arm 72 in the slot of the lever 71 either ncare to or further from its
10ching centre 70
The width of the tooth to be cut is determined by the distance the
cutters 27*, 27* are set aput from each other, said distance being variable by
clamping the pins 9, 9, in varying positions in the slots 5, 5, of the plates 4 4,
and the shape or curvature of the teeth is determined by the cycloidal slots 10, 10,
in the di-c 11 which before the machine is started is set to the position for the
pins 9, 9, to be at the ends of the slots 10 10, furthest from the centie
The stroke of the cutters 27* having been adjusted by menus of the crank
pin 34, the machine is started, and the power applied to the stepped speed
pulley 20 is transferred by the spindle 18 and pinion 19 (see Figure 1) to the spui
wheel 21 which by means of the spindle 22 rotates the disc 33 for the pin 34 to
reciprocate the sliding plate 31 and sliders 26 to which it is connected by the
rods 30
The points of the tools 27* during every forward movement converge upon the
point a so that the true conical form of wheel is maintained
The forward and backward travel of the cutters 27*, 27*, is completed during every
revolution of the shaft 22 but before each succeeding forward movement commences
the blank is turned to bring the uncut part of the blank in line with the cutters 27*
by the operation of the eccentric 23 which is fixed on the shaft 22 in such position
relatively to the crank pin 34 that the rod 24 is moving at the time the sliding
plate is practically stationary, this movement pulls the levers 64 and 66 fixed on

page_text: opposite ends of the spindle 65 upwards, and by lifting the collar 68 the motion is
transferred by the lever 69 and shaft 70 to the lever 71, thence by the rod 72 to
the arm 45 for the pawl 44 to turn the dividing wheel 43 the pitch distance of the
teeth to be cut in the blank 41 in the manner herein before particularly described
this being continued until the whole of the teeth in the blank are cut
The action of the pawl 44 on the wheel 43 turns the shaft 37 to rotate the
blank as stated and the eccentric 46 fixed on said shaft at every revolution by the
link 47, lever 48, and pawl 50 moves the ratchet wheel 49 one or more teeth
according to the position of the link in the slot of the lever 48
This movement of the ratchet wheel is conveyed to the worm 53 carried in
bearings on the table 35 gearing into the quadrant 54 formed in the fixed bed 1
by the wheels 52, 52, and moves the table 35 on its pivot 36 for the blank 41 to
approach the cutters 27* until they have cut sufficiently into the blank to form the
depth of the teeth
The same shaft 37 and eccentric 46 transmits an intermittent motion by the
rod 55, lever 56, shaft 57, lever 58, collar 59, levers 60, 62, and rod 17 to
the pawl 16 for it at every revolution of said shaft 37 to move the wheel 63 one
or more teeth, said movement being transmitted by the shaft 15 and worm 14 to
the quadrant 13 for it to move the disc 11 say one degree for every revolution of
the blank 41 which by means of the slots 10 will cause the tools 27* to approach
and recede from each other for them to impart a correspondingly shaped curve to
the teeth in the blank as they are being cut
It will be seen therefore that all the respective operations are automatic and
follow one another in their proper and consecutive order and can be moreover
separately adjusted to produce any desired snape pitch, depth, and degree of cut
For instance, the amount of movement imparted to the od 24 is constant but
the stroke of the lever 64 is vaiable by its adjustment in the slot of the lever 24
which together with the adjustment of the lever 72 in the slot of the lever 71
determines the pitch of the teeth to be cut in the blank
The degree of feed movement of the blank into the cutters is regulated by the
adjustment of the link 47 in the slot of the lever 48
The degree of movement of the disc 11 and consequent shape of the teeth in
relation to their depth is regulated by the adjustment of the rod 17 in the
lever 17*
The degree of travel of the cutters 27* is regulated by the position of the crank
pin 34, and the position of travel of the said cutters by moving and clamping
them in the slides 26
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same Is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
-
1 In a machine for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil wheels, the guides 4, 4,
pivoted at 3 at one end and moveable nearer together and further apart auto-
matically by the disc 11 at the other end as specified and substantially as shown
on the diawings
2 In a machine for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil wheels, airanging two
tools 27, 27, in guides 4, 4, so that the cutting points of the tools shall always
point to the common centre a of the machine as specified and substantially as
shown in the drawings
3 In a machine of the kind herein described for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil
wheels, the appliance for giving a partial rotation of the wheel operated upon for
each cut taken down the tooth, and the means adopted for holding the wheel in
position while being cut, as set forth
4 In a machine for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil wheels, the combination of
the two adjustments e of the slides 26, 26, carrying two cutting tools 27*, 27*,
radially in one plane and the work to be operated upon in a plane at right angle to
the preceding all these radiating from a common point a, and the methods as

page_text: described for adjusting or feeding each substantially as represented on
drawings
the
5 In a machine for cutting teeth of mitre and bevil wheels, the slotted
plates 4, 4, hinged at 3, links 6, 6, of bar 7, slots 5, 5, in tail ends of plates 4, 4,
slotted disc 11 arranged for the purposes specified and substantially as shown in
the drawings
6 In a machine for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil wheels, the sliding cutter
blocks 26, 26, slots 25, 25, of plates 4, 4, and connected by rods 30, 30, to plate 31
for reciprocation by slotted disc 33 and crank 34 arranged as specified and
substantially as shown in the drawings
7 In a machine of the kind herein set forth for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil
wheels, pivoted bed 35 on pin 36 for radial motion around table of bed 1, shaft 37
for carrying wheel 41 to be cut, dividing wheel 43 thereon, thrust pawl 44, as
specified and substantially as shown on the drawings
8 In a machine of the kind herein described for cutting teeth in mitie and bevil
wheels, the segmental rack 54, worm 53, gear 52 opeiable by hand oi ratchet
gear 49 and pawl 50, as specified and substantially as shown in the drawings
9 In a machine of the kind referied to for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil
wheels, the pin 36 loose collars 59, 68, rod 24, levers 60, shaft 70, and push
pawl 44, as specified and substantially as shown on the diawings
10 In a machine of the construction shown for cutting teeth in mitre and bevil
wheel the shaft 37, eccentric 46, rod 55, lever 56, lever 58, loose collar 59
H GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said John Buck