Improvements in the Process of and Apparatus for Heating and Concentrating Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of and Apparatus for Heating and
Concentrating Liquids.
I FRITZ KLEEMANN of Luisenplatz 9 Berlin N.W. in the German Empire,
Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The heating or concentrating of juices or liquids by evaporation, especially of
those which contain mucilagenous or gummy substances or which precipitate such
substances during the heating process such as albumen etc., or wherein such sub-
stances are formed, is difficult because said substances settle upon the heating
surfaces and render the same useless or burn fast upon the same, or because they
are decomposed so that they injure the quality of the liquid by changing either
its color, its taste or its composition.
The object of my invention
to remedy these defects which I effect by heating
the liquid first by means of hot water and then by means of steam while the liquid
itself is kept in constant motion by a stirring apparatus.
The apparatus used for that purpose is illustrated by the annexed drawings of
which
Figure 1, shows a sectional elevation on the line x x of Figure 2.
Figure 2, a horizontal section on the line y-y of Figure 1.
Figure 3, a sectional elevation of a modification on line x-x of Figure 2.
The said apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel A for the reception of the
liquid provided with a fixed bottom B and closed by means of a removable
cover C.
A cap or bell D with a spherical or conical top is arranged in said vessel A and
tightly united with the bottom B, and a stirring apparatus is introduced in such
a manner that its arms N. N do not touch the walls of the vessel A. nor those of
the cap D.
The said stirring apparatus is actuated by the shaft O and the pulley P or by
some other suitable mechanism.
The cylindrical part of the vessel A is surrounded by a heating jacket which is
divided into two parts E. and F by a partition G and the bottom B is also provided
with a heating jacket H which forms a common heating chamber with the lower
part F of the heating jacket of the cylindrical part of the vessel A.
In the centre of the bottom B there is an opening with an open cylindrical pipe J
attached thereto the top edge of which is level with the partition G, and the
heating jacket E is connected with the interior of the cap or bell D by the
pipe K.
The liquid to be heated is introduced continuously into vessel A through
the tube at the bottom B, rises in the same while in constant motion caused by
the stirring apparatus N, and flows out through the tube M.
For heating, steam is let into the heating jacket E. through the tube Q which
steam after having circulated through the tube K passes into the interior of the
cap or bell D while the condensed water that was formed in the heating jacket E
flows into the double bottom H through the opening R in the partition G.
The water condensed in the cap or bell D gathers in the chamber S formed by
the latter and by the pipe J and after having filled the same flows off through said
pipe J into the double bottom H out of which it flows through the tube T located
at the highest point of the heating jacket F.

page_text: In order to start the apparatus it is preferable to fill the water heating
chambers F. S, and H with hot or warm water. According to the composition of
the liquid to be heated and according to the desired degree of heat it may be
necessary to introduce some hot or warm water other than the condensed water of
the apparatus into the water heating chambers F. S and H through a tube located
opposite the overflow tube T.
By this arrangement the double bottom H as well as the lower part of the cap
or bell D and the heating jacket F, are filled with hot or warm water and therefore
the liquid to be heated that is introduced into the bottom B through the tube L is
first made warm by the same before being heated further by the steam in the
heating jacket E and in the upper part of the cap or bell D. It is obvious that
the maximum temperature will be found at a certain elevation above the cap or
bell D which will depend upon the afflux of steam and is shown by the thermo-
meter V, and that the time during which the liquid to be heated will have to be
exposed to that maximum temperature will depend upon the size or the capacity
of the vessel A above that point of maximum temperature. This time will vary
for different liquids and for the different purposes for which the same has to be
used.
In order to be able to use the apparatus for the different purposes it will be
simply necessary to make the same higher by means of a ring U of a corresponding
height as shown by Figure 3 and to let the heated material flow off through the
pipe M' the lower pipe M being closed by a blind flange.
If instead of heating or boiling, the apparatus is to be used for concentrating
liquids, the modification shown by Figure 3 is employed but in that case the
concentrated liquid is let out through the pipe M. and the steam through the
pipe M¹.
The apparatus as shown by Figure 3 must be used also when the liquid is to be
freed from air and heated at the same time, in which case the heated liquid is let
out through the pipe M and the freed air through the pipe M' which in this case
is preferably located at the highest point of the cover.
The partition G may be omitted and the outflow pipe T connected to a suitable
steam trap which prevents the water condensed in the jacket F and lower part of
the bell D from rising above the level of the outflow pipe T.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described process for heating and concentrating liquids consisting
in introducing the liquid into the heating chamber continuously at the bottom
thereof, stirring the same as it rises and subjecting it as it moves upward first to
the heating action of hot water and then to the heating action of steam, sub-
stantially as described.
2. The arrangement or construction of apparatus for carrying out the process
specified in the preceding claim substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.
3. In apparatus for beating and concentrating liquids the arrangement of a
rasing jacketed at the sides and bottom and having a cap or bell fixed to the
bottom, in combination with pipes for admitting steam to the upper part of said
jacket and interior of said cap or bell and overflow pipes so arranged as to keep
the lower part of said jacket and cap or bell filled with water; an inlet pipe
for the liquid at the bottom of the casing and an outlet pipe at the top thereof,
and a stirrer within the casing substantially as herein before described and illustrated
by the drawings.
4. In apparatus for heating and concentrating liquids the combination of the
casing A, the cap or bell D therein, the water chamber around the lower part of
the casing A and at the bottom of said cap or bell D, the steam supply leading to
the upper part of said casing and the upper part of the cap D, the supply conduit

page_text: for the liquid at the lower part of the chamber A and the discharge leading from
the upper part thereof, for the purpose of subjecting the liquid first to the action of
the heat of hot water and then of steam substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1894.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.