NEW MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MECHANICAL GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I EDWARD LAKER VOICE of No 1 Francis Street Torrington Square in the
county of Middlesex, Electrician do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
NEW MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MECHANICAL GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL PURPOSES, to be as follows:—
Experience teaches that Magnetism, whatever it is, is totally independent of the
iron in which it may reside inasmuch as it may be moved or rotated whilst the iron
is at rest; or the iron may be moved or rotated whilst the magnetism is at rest.
It is well known that electro-magnets consist of iron cores surrounded by
convolutions of wire commonly called solenoids. Electricity circulating in the
solenoids magnetises the iron cores, and according to the "line of force "hypothesis
parellel lines of magnetic force arrange themselves longitudinally through the cores.
If, now, the core of an electro-magnet be pivotted at its axis, and be made to
rotate freely in a fixed solenoid, currents of electricity will be generated in the core
having a radial direction from the centre to the circumference of the latter because
every molecule of which the core is composed. will cut, the magnetism at right
angles to the internal magnetic polarity.
I utilise this principle by constructing machines consisting of one, or any
practicable number, of, electro-magnets whose cores are made to be capable of
rotating axially in fixed solenoids; or the solenoids may be rotated and the cores
fixed. Each core is composed of tranverse discs or flanges of soft iron insulated
from each other but in electrical contact with, and supported by, a spindle passing
through the centre of the said discs or flanges.
At, or near, the outer periphery of the discs a number of conducting rods are
fixed to the edge of each disc in a direction parellel to the length of the core.
These conducting rods convey the current to the ends of the cores where it is taken
off by collectors, the other collectors being, in electrical communication with the
spindle.
"
It is convenient to cut radial slots in the said discs to prevent 'whirling
currents, and there is no reason why the core should not consist of alternate non-
magnetic and iron discs, either one or the other, or both sets being joined to the
said conducting rods.

page_text: It will be seen that it is only the internal magnetism of the electro-magnets
that is acted upon by the rotating core, and in this it differs from magneto-electric
machines hitherto constructed which really depend on cutting external magnetism
or "lines of force."
Although it is not absolutely essential, I prefer to keep to this internal magnetism
and to construct my machines so that there shall ɓe, practically, no external
polarity at all.
The solenoids with their cores are arranged parellel with, but a certain distance
from, each other, and their ends magnetically closed by, and fixed to, an iron
frame. This iron frame also supports the bearings for the rotating parts, while it
also allows the stationery parts to be fixed to it.
I do not confine myself to the precise arrangement of electro-magnets or form of
machine, as it is evident that my invention is applicable in a variety of forms
without departing from its nature.
The rotating cores may be connected up in "series" or in "parrellel” when
more than one is used, and each may be rotated separately, or they may all be
connected and rotated by suitable gearing or its equivalent.
3004

page_text: I EDWARD LAKER VOICE, of 1 Francis Street Torrington Square in the County
of Middlesex Electrician do hereby declare the nature of my invention for " NEW
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MECHANICAL GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR ELECTRO MECHANICAL PURPOSES " and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
Experience teaches that magnetism whatever it is is totally independent of iron
in which it may reside inasmuch as it may be moved or rotated whilst the iron is
at rest and conversely the iron may be moved or rotated whilst the magnetism is
at rest.
It is well known that electro magnets consist of iron cores surrounded by
convolutions of wire commonly called solenoids. Electricity circulating in the
solenoids magnetises the iron cores and according to the line of force theory
parallel lines of magnetic force arrange themselves longitudinally through the
cores.
If now the core of an electro magnet be pivotted at its axis and be made to
rotate freely in a fixed solenoid currents of electricity will be generated in the core
having a radial direction from the centre to the circumference of the latter or vice
versa according to the direction of rotation because every molecule of "which the
iron core is composed will cut or intersect the magnetism induced by the solenoid
at right angles to the magnetic polarity..
I make use of this principle by constructing machines consisting of one or any
practicable number of electro magnets whose cores are made to be capable of
rotating axially in fixed solenoids or the solenoids and cores may be either one or
both rotated Each core is composed of transverse discs or flanges of soft iron
preferably insulated from each other but in electrical contact with and supported
by a metallic spindle or shaft passing through the centre of the said discs or
flanges At or near the outer periphery of the discs a number of conducting rods
are fixed to the edge of each disc in a direction parallel with the length of the
core These conducting rods convey the current to the ends of the cores or cores
where it is taken off by collectors the collectors of opposite sign being in electrical
communication with the shaft.
1
"
It is convenient to cut radial slots in the said discs to prevent "whirling
currents and the core may consist of alternate non magnetic and iron discs either
one or the other or both sets being joined to the said conducting rods.
Although it is absolutely essential I prefer to keep to this internal magnetism
and to construct my machines so that there shall be practically no external polarity
The solenoids with their cores are arranged parallel with but a certain distance
from each other and their ends magnetically closed by and fixed to an iron frame
This iron frame also supports the bearings for the rotating parts whilst it also
allows the stationery parts to be fixed to it.
I do not confine myself to the precise arrangements of electro-magnets or form
of machine as it is evident that my invention is applicable in a variety of forms
without departing from its nature.
The rotating parts may be connected up in electrical series or in parallel series
or each core or solenoid or both may be rotated seperately and they may all be
mechanically connected and rotated by suitable gearing or its equivalent.
The stationery and movable elements can be connected in series or parallel
circuit.
•

page_text: I can employ solenoids having altemate iron and copper discs and in some cases
I provide slots or other means in or upon the periphery for receiving and securing
the longitudinal conducting rods Instead of these rods a copper cylinder may be
used for making the connection to rings or flanges mounted upon and suitably
insulated from the axle rings or contact plates can be arranged to operate in
conjunction with contact brushes or otherwise so as to provide a completed
circuit.
I can employ two magnets arranged in a closed magnetic circuit mounted or
secured to a frame of suitable dimensions and of such a character as to form a
continuation of the magnetic cores In some cases I provide upon such frame a
magnetising coil so as to cause such part to act inductively on the rotating
cores or magnets This frame receives suitable bearings for the shaft actuated
by pulleys.
Instead of the collectors consisting of brushes or metallic contacts I can use
mercury in suitably enclosed chambers in which a flange or flanges may be
immerged and adopted to operate.
The cores of the magnets may be formed in sections and the current taken from
the periphery of one section to the axis of another section and so on to increase the
E. M. F When used for electro mechanical purposes as an electric meter or electric
motor I can dispense with iron altogether and construct the cores entirely of copper
or non magnetic metals.
When large mechanical power is required a number of the magnets may be
placed on the periphery of and actuated by a rotating drum or toothed wheel
similar to an arrangement shewn in my Patent Nº 4567–1882.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
=
First In dynamo-electric or electro dynamic machines the employment of one
or more solenoids or magnets having one or more cores arranged & adapted to
operate in conjunction with each other for the conversion of mechanical force into
electric force or vice versa-substantially as set forth.
Second-In dynamo-electric or electro dynamic machines, he employment of
one or more solenoids or magnets stationary or moveable and one or more cores of
such solenoids or magnets adapted to be rotated or moved and to be operated in
conjunction with the same substantially as set forth.
Third-In dynamo-electric or electro-dynamic machines of the class herein
described the employment of disc or flange conductors or elements in combination
with conducting rods strips or cylinders for connecting the elements in an electric
circuit substantially as set forth.
Dated this 14th day of November 1884.