IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRUMS, PULLEYS, 'GLAZERS' AND CONES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Rodgers, of Hunslet, near Leeds, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF DRUMS, PULLEYS, 'GLAZERS' AND CONES."
Sealed the 17th June 1867, and dated the 24th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Rodgers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1866.
1, JOSEPII RODGERS, of Hunslet, near Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DRUMS, PULLEYS, 'GLAZERS,' AND CONES," to be as follows:-
The objects of my Invention are so to construct the articles named in my
title that they may possess greater strength, lightness, and durability than
those in ordinary use.
The first point in my improved construction to be named is identical in all
the above-named articles, the cones excepted, and consists in making the
centre or that part which supports the periphery a disc of sheet iron, solid in
some cases and perforated in others, dependent upon circumstances; the
periphery is also formed of wrought iron, and has a groove chased upon its
inner circumference, and is then shrunk on to the disk. Prior to the process
of shrinking, however, a hole of the required diameter for the shaft which the
drum or pulley is required to fit, having been cut or stamped, I cut from the

page_text: entre of the disc to the outer edge a parallel piece of metal, or in some cases
a tapered or an angular piece of such width as may be expedient, and after-
wards form such cut edge, by preference, into a V-shape; I also weld upon
either side of the disc around that half of the disc which has not been affected
by the part cut out bosses of iron having lugs on either side of the centre
capable of being bored out for the reception of the shaft and bolts; the rim
is then shrunk on, and upon its cooling I cut out of it a portion over the cut
in the disc, such cut having by preference a dovetail form; I now take a
piece of metal of the same radius as the rim and cut its edges (lengthwise)
into a shape similar to the portion cut out of the rim, and so as exactly to fit
the same; to this piece of metal I weld a piece at right angles and of tho
same strength as the disc, adapting its width to the portion cut out of the
lisc, and grooving its edges, so that it may fit well the V before named
on the cut edges of the disc. I also weld or fix bosses having lugs to corre-
spond with those on the disc to that portion of the centro of the sectional part
of the disc which comes when in position towards the centre; lugs may
also be formed upon each side of the aperture in the rim, and corresponding
lugs upon the filling-in piece, so that when bored through, pins may be inserted
secured by split pins to prevent twist in the inserted portion of the disc. In
addition to the above-named means of rendering the drum pulley or "glazer"
secure at intervals in the periphery of the rim I cut slots through, which
corresponding portions of the disc pass and are rivetted or welded on the rim,
thus preventing the " spring" that would otherwise result from the portion
cut out of the rim. For large sizes I prefer to use spokes or arms in pre-
ference to a solid or a perforated disc, such spokes or arms being welded on to
a centre plate with a balf boss to receive the shaft, as well as to a ring which
receives the rim, the latter being grooved in the manner before named.
Flanged pulleys I construct in a similar manner, but I either turn tho
flanges out of the solid rim, or putting on a plane rim I turn its edges with
a dip, and shrink on washers or rings of such depth as may be required to
form the flanges. The sectional plan is adopted as before, so that it will be
evident that drums or pulleys so constructed can readily be applied to shafts in
position. It will be seen that with this construction of drum pulley or
"glazer," the rim in the first instance having been properly shrunk on, the
inserted portion having been properly fitted into the "dovetails" and V's, and
afterwards securely bolted through the bosses on either side of the disc, and
additionally secured by the pins on either side of the opening cut in the rim,
I attain great strength and lightness, as well as durability from the decreased
liability to breakage. For "glazers," as also for some description of pulleys,

page_text: I simply use wrought-iron discs having bosses forged upon them and the rims
shrunk on in the manner before named, dispensing with the sectional portions,
and in the case of the "glazers" I cover the iron rims with gutta percha, or
if preferred with wood, in the manner named in the Specification of my Patent,
No. 287, dated 28th January 1864, and afterwards with leather in the usual
manner.
For the construction of cones I adopt two methods. Cones are usually
made of cast iron; my object is to form them of wrought iron, as being
lighter; and by a first method, taking the smallest pulley of the cone, I form
a loop of wrought iron and turn one edge of it with an angular "dip," and
then turn the inner edge of the washer or ring which will form the connection
between this pulley and the next upon the cone with a reverse dip, so that
when expanded and shrunk on it shall fit the first dip. The outer edge of the
washer or ring is turned in similar manner to receive the next pulley, and so
on until the whole series is formed.
My second method consists in forming a solid wrought-iron cone by forming
a piece of iron in a plane cone, and pressing each pulley of the series
successively by means of dies actuated by a press.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Rodgers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
RODGERS, of Ilunslet, near Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Rodgers, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Rodgers,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Rodgers, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF DRUMS, PULLEYS, 'GLAZERS,' AND CONES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Rodgers, my executors or adminis-

page_text: trators, by an instrument in writing under under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Rodgers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement thereof, that is to say :-
The objects of my Invention are so to construct the articles named in my
title that they may possess greater strength, lightness, and durability, and also
(being made of wrought iron) greater "biting" power than those in ordinary
Lise.
The first part in my improved mode of construction to be named is identical
in drums, pulleys, or glazers, the cones only being excepted, and consists in
making the centre or that part which supports the periphery a disc of plato
iron, solid in some cases and perforated in others, dependant upon circum-
stances; the periphery is also formed of wrought iron, and has a groove
chased upon its inner circumference, and is then shrunk on to the disc.
Prior to the process of shrinking, however, a hole of the required diameter for
the shaft which the drum or pulley is required to fit having been cut or
stamped, I cut from the centre of the disc to the outer edge a parallel piece
of metal, or in some cases a tapered or an angular piece of such width as may
be expedient, and afterwards form such cut edge by preference into a
V-shape; I also weld upon either side of the disc around that portion of the
disc which has not been effected by the part cut out, bosses of iron having lugs
on either side of the centre capable of being bored out for the reception of the
shaft and bolts. The rim is then shrunk on, and upon its cooling I cut out
of it a portion over the cut in the disc, such cut having by preference a
"dovetail" form; I now take a piece of metal of the same radius as the rim
and cut its edges (lengthwise) into a shape similar to the portion cut out of
the rim and so as exactly to fit the same; to this piece of metal I weld a
piece at right angles and of the same strength as the disc, adapting its width
to the portion cut out of the disc, and grooving its edges so that it may fit
well the V before named on the cut edges of the disc; I also weld or fix
bosses having lugs to correspond with those on the disc to that portion of the
centre of the sectional part of the disc which comes when in position towards
the centre; lugs may also be formed upon each side of the aperture in the
rim, and corresponding lugs upon the filling in piece, so that when bored

page_text: through pins or countersunk screws may be inserted secured by split pins to
prevent twist in the inserted portion of the disc. In addition to the above-
named means of rendering the drum, pulley, or "glazer" secure at intervals
in the periphery of the rim I cut slots, through which corresponding portions
of the disc pass, and are welded or rivetted on the rim, thus preventing the
"spring" that would otherwise result from the portion cut out of the rim.
For large sizes of drums or pulleys I prefer to use spokes or arms in pre-
ference to a solid or a perforated disc, such spokes or arms being welded into
the boss by the methods afterwards explained; but in the case of very broad
drums, pulleys, or "glaziers," I sometimes use two or more discs, the bosses
of which, if required, may be welded together.
Flanged pulleys (when made with spokes) I construct in a similar manner,
but I either turn or "block" up the flanges out of the solid rim, or putting
on a plain rim I turn its edges with a "dip," and shrink on washers or rings
of such depth as may be required to form the flanges. The sectional plan is
adopted as before, so that it will be evident that drums or pulleys so con-
structed can readily be applied to shafts in position. It will be seen that with
this construction of drum, pulley, or "glazer," the rim in the first instance
having been properly shrunk on the inserted portion being properly fitted
into the "dovetails" and V's, and afterwards securely bolted through the
bosses on either side of the disc, and additionally secured by the pins on either
side of the opening cut in the rim, I attain great strength and lightness, as
well as durability from the decreased liability to breakage. In some cases I
prefer to make my drums or pulleys split, that is, in halves, bolting them
together by means of lugs on the boss, and forming a "jump" joint on the
periphery, one end of each half of the rim being "set" down to receive the
end of the other half, and the two being secured by means of countersunk
screws fastened with split pins, whilst twist on the shaft is prevented by pro-
jections forged on the boss midway between the two lugs, such projections
bearing on the shaft. In some cases I dispense with lugs on the boss (in
drums or pulleys where a portion of the boss is cut out) and in such cases I
secure the slot piece or moveable portion of the boss by means of two bolts
which I pass internally up the joints, part of such bolts being in the slot or
moveable portion of the boss, and the remaindor in the boss itself, the nuts
being outside; these bolts answer a double purpose, viz., in securely fixing
the drum or pulley to the shaft, and also in keeping the moveable piece in its
proper place. The spokes I make round and of various sections, as elliptical,
oval, or parabolical, and I make them solid or hollow (the ends being made solid
in the latter case) as circumstances require. I form shoulders or collars upon

page_text: them near either end, and weld them in the boss in the manner usual in
similar cases of welding; I also pass the other ends of the spokes through
the rims and weld or rivet them on the outside. In some cases I do not
carry the ends of all the spokes through the rim and there weld or rivet them,
but I form shoulders upon some of the ends and simply insert them when
cold (the rim being heated and shrunk on) into the holes prepared for them;
the rim being welded in one piece. In other cases I bore parallel holes, and
heating the boss drive in the spokes cold; the ends of the spokes being
parallel are made a little larger than the hole bored, or hydraulic power may
be used for forcing in the spokes when needful; and I also in some cases
make the holes in the boss (which may be hot or cold) a little larger in
diameter at the bottom than the top, and the ends of the spokes from the
lower shoulder being left a little longer than the depth of the holes, upon
insertion when welding hot they spread out and fill up the holes upon being
hammered, and so make a secure job. In other cases again 1 split the lower
end of the spoke and insert in the direction of the length of the spoke a small
iron wedge which projects a short distance beyond the end. I drive the
spoke in cold, and the hole being made a little larger in the bottom than in
the top, upon the wedge touching the bottom it opens the split and fills up the
bole, making the spoke secure. The material of which I make the spokes is
wrought iron or steel, and they are either straight, or if desired may be of
an S or other suitable and convenient formation; the bosses I also make by
preference of wrought iron, but in some cases of steel. In some cases again
I "tap" the holes in the boss and screw the ends of the spokes which have
to fit into them. For "glazers," as also for some descriptions of pulleys, I
simply use wrought-iron discs (though of course, if desired, the spoke arrange-
ment may be used) having bosses forged on or loose bosses fixed with bolts
and nuts upon them, and the rims shrunk on in the manner before named,
dispensing with the sectional portions; and in the case of "glazers" I cover
the iron rims with gutta percha (having previously drilled holes in the
periphery and countersunk the same inside in order that the gutta percha
may form a rivet), or if preferred I cover them with wood in the manner
named for covering drums in my Patent No. 237, dated 28th January 1864,
and afterwards with leather in the usual manner.
For the construction of cones I adopt two methods. Cones are usually
made of cast iron. My object is to form them of wrought iron, as being
lighter than cast iron, and by the first method taking the smallest pulley of
the cone I form a hoop of wrought iron and turn one edge of it with an angular
"dip" or a groove, and then turn the inner edge of the washer or ring which

page_text: Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a wrought-iron drum or pulley
having fast arms a and moveable slide arm b, grooved as before named. It
will readily be seen that the arm & is secured by its semi-boss b' to the semi-
boss a'. Figure 2 is a front elevation, and shows the "dovetail" portion of
the rim & fitting into the same (secured partially by split pins c), such portion
being connected with the moveable arm 6; Figure 3 is a section, showing the
boss forged on to the arms, as also the groove in the rim for the reception of
the arms, and also the bolt holes in the boss; Figures 4 and 5 are side
elevation and section of a rope pulley having a solid disc, the rim being
shrunk on, as in the previous case, the edges being "set up" to form flanges
and the bosses forged on; Figures 6, 7, and 8 show a drum with solid disc,
and having a section b cut out of it, and also of the rim 6". It is secured to
the shaft by bolts through the bosses as before, and the cut portion 6" of the
rim is additionally secured by split pins passed through lugs from underneath
the cut portion of the rim and on the disc; Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 show
portions of drums illustrating how the loose or moveable portions of the rims
fit into the ends of the rims which are "set" down and form "jump" joints,
and are secured by screws with countersunk heads, also "he" and "she'
dovetail joints 6; Figures 13 and 14 show the moveable portions, the former
for a disc drum or pulley, and the latter for a spoke drum or pulley; whilst
Figure 15 shows simply a front elevation of the moveable portion of the rim
and boss; Figures 16 and 17 show my split drum with round spokes, the two
halves being bolted together through the bosses, such bosses being provided
with lugs to prevent twist, the alternate ends of the halves of the rim being
and secured by screws, the spokes being also welded or rivetted

page_text: through the rim, and fixed in the boss by one of the before-mentioned
methods. I sometimes use what may be termed "butt" or hinge joints to
split drums; Figures 18, 19, and 20 show a drum or pulley without lugs for
fixing on the shaft, the bolts which secure the loose portion passing internally
up the joint partly in the solid boss and partly in the loose piece, the cut
portion of the rim being secured by four screws; Figures 21 and 22 show a
side and front elevation of a drum with hollow spokes made in halves with
jump joints (unless the "butt" or hinge joint be preferred), and secured by
bolts through the bosses, the rim being secured in the joint with countersunk
screws as before, the ends of the spokes made solid, and the upper ends of the
spokes welded or rivetted through the rim; Figures 23, 24, and 25 show a
drum with a solid rim shrunk on to spokes, or it may be put on in a cold
state, the latter being rivetted through the same; Figures 26 and 27 show
the "loose" piece secured to the boss, the bolts passing at an acute angle
through it and through the boss.
Figures 28, 29, 30, and 31 are illustrations of small pulleys with solid
discs, the two latter Figures showing one bushed for a loose pulley.
Figures 32 and 33 are illustrations of my improved "glazer "having solid
discs, the rims being fixed in the same manner as the rims of the drums and
pulleys. Of course, as before explained, spoke glazers may be used if desired.
Figures 34 and 35 show a section and elevation of my cone formed of
hoops and washers let into one another, the large or end washer being secured
by screws; Figures 36 and 37 show similar views of a cone formed out of
the solid by means of dies actuated by a suitable press.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood
that what I claim as and of my Invention is,-
Firstly, the construction of wrought-iron drums, pulleys, or "glazers" with
solid discs, or having a sectional portion cut out of the disc and the rim, or
with arms of a flat or other convenient section, and having a loose arm and
portion of rim for facility of fixing, the rim and bosses being constructed
essentially as shown and described.
Secondly, the construction of split drums with spokes instead of dises,
having either "dovetail," "jump," lap, or hinge joints to the rim, as shewn
and described.
Thirdly, the construction of drums, pulleys, or "glazers" with solid rini,
boss, and spokes, dispensing with the sectional portion used in those previously
described.
Fourthly, the construction of flanged or rope pulleys in the manner shown,
$

page_text: or in the same manner as the washers of the cones are constructed, viz., by
means of a "dip" in the rim and shrinking the flanges on.
Fifthly, the twofold method of constructing cones shown and described.
And I do not confine myself to the precise details shown or described, as
the articles enumerated in my title may be constructed upon similar principles
to those I have explained with slight modifications of detail.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Rodgers, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
PHILIP H. SHARP,
Patent Agent,
18, East Parade,
Leeds.
JOSEPII RODGERS. (L.S.)