IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Max Sombart, of the Firm of Buss, Sombart, and
Company, Engineers and Patent Agents, of Magdeburg, in the Empire of
Germany, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS." A communication
from Paul Leclerc, of Aix-la-Chapelle, in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Max. Sombart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1881.
CHARLES MAX SOMBART, of the Firm of Buss, Sombart, and Company, Engineers,
and Patent Agents, of Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany.
*IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDS." A communication from Paul Leclerc, of Aix-la-Chapelle, in the
Empire of Germany.
The present improvements relate to the use of a peculiarly shaped wire for
manufacturing cards.
All cards shaped in form of sectors heretofore employed are constructed in such
a manner that the sides of the wire employed are not flat or concave but convex
from the base or back to the sharp edge.
A covering of a carding machine made of similar wire has the disadvantage of
leaving too little clearance between the card teeth to prevent the conveyance of
the thistles from one roller to the other, and of performing a relatively small
amount of useful work.
In order to avoid these inconveniences the sides of the card teeth are made
concave, and form a sharp edge, the cross section of the wire resembling an isosceles
triangle, in which the two equal sides have been replaced by two concave curves.
By using wire of this cross section the clearance between the teeth of the card
clothing is considerably increased, thereby causing the large thistles which are in
the long wool for weft spinning mills, etc., to be seized, so that they come on the
ground or base of the cards, that is to say, quite below the points of the teeth, and
thus preventing them from being conveyed from one cylinder to another.
The edge of the teeth formed by the strongly concave sides enables the card
clothing to increase the useful effect or to perform finer work than before. This
edge serves further for immediately opening the wool and drawing out its fibres.
It also opens the short knitted or woven rags for the manufacture of shoddy, so
that the short threads within these rags are entirely preserved at their separation
and not injured. These threads being but loosely twisted open almost by
themselves, and permit of their being obtained as a long useful shoddy.
Each wire ends in a very sharp point, formed by making the sides converge
ongitudinally at their ends, and so as to form sharp corners at the base of the
concave) longitudinally converging sides.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Max Sombart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th July 1881.
CHARLES MAX SOMBART, of the Firm of Buss, Sombart, and Company, Engineers
"IMPROVEMENTS
and Patent Agents, of Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany.
IN. CARDS." A communication from Paul Leclerc, of Aix-la-Chapelle, in the
Empire of Germany.
The present improvements relate to the use of a peculiarly shaped wire for
manufacturing cards.
All cards shaped in form of sectors heretofore employed are constructed in such
a manner that the sides of the wire employed are not flat or concave but convex
from the base or back to the sharp edge.
A covering of a carding machine made of similar wire has the disadvantage of
leaving too little clearance between the card teeth to prevent the conveyance of
the thistles from one roller to the other, and of performing a relatively small
amount of useful work.
In order to avoid these inconveniences the sides of the card teeth are made
concave, and form a sharp edge, the cross section of the wire resembling an isosceles
triangle, in which the two equal sides have been replaced by two concave curves.
By using wire of this cross section the clearance between the teeth of the card
clothing is considerably increased, thereby causing the large thistles which are in
the long wool for weft spinning mills, etc., to be seized, so that they come on the
ground or base of the cards, that is to say, quite below the points of the teeth, and
thus preventing them from being conveyed from one cylinder to another. The
edge of the teeth formed by the strongly concave sides enables the card clothing to
increase the useful effect or to perform finer work than before. This edge serves
further for immediately opening the wool and drawing out its fibres. It also opens
the short knitted or woven rags for the manufacture of shoddy, so that the short
threads within these rags are entirely preserved at their separation and not injured.
These threads being but loosely twisted open almost by themselves, and permit of
their being obtained as a long useful shoddy.
Each wire ends in a very sharp point formed by making the sides converge
longitudinally at their ends, and so as to form sharp corners at the base of the
(concave) longitudinally converging sides.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates the Invention, in which Figure 1 and 2
show a card tooth in elevation on an enlarged scale, and Figure 3 represents the
cross-section of the wire used thereto. In this case the lateral faces a, a, of the
wire extend from the posterior part very concave to the sharp edge b, as will be
clearly seen by the Figure 3 of the Drawing.
By using wire of the represented cross section the clearance between the separate
teeth of the card clothing is considerably increased.
In consequence of this
increase of clearance the large thistles which are in the long wool for weft spinning
mills, etc., are seized so that they come on the ground or base of the cards, that is
to say, quite below the points d of the teeth, preventing them thus from being
conveyed from one cylinder to the other.
The edge 6 of the teeth formed by the strongly concaved lateral faces a enables
the card clothing to increase the useful effect or to perform finer carding than
before. This edge serves further for immediately opening the wool and drawing
out its fibres. Also it opens easily the short knitted or woven rags for the manu-
facture of shoddy, so that the short threads within these rags are entirely preserved
at their separation and not injured. These threads being but loosely twisted

page_text: open almost by themselves, and permit of their being obtained as a long useful
shoddy.
The sharp edged corners e, e, of the back c of the teeth are of a great importance.
These corners serve when the long wool passes to clean the threads from viscous
substances, by skimming over and touching on these corners d, e, and to cut at the
same time the wool fibres. Thereby the worked wool becomes supple, fine, and is
drawn out very long.
CLAIM.
Cards, the lateral faces of which run out in a concave line from the large back c
into the edge b, and terminating in a very long point d.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Max Sombart, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, A.D. 1881.
MAY COMPART