IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: :
LETTERS PATENT to George Moss, of London, William Robert Stirling and
Frederick Whitley Thomson, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND IN
APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Sealed the 20th October 1877, and dated the 7th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Moss, William Robert
Stirling, and Frederick Whitley Thomson at the Office of the Cominissioners
of Patents on the 7th August 1877.
GEORGE MOSS, of London, WILLIAM ROBERT STIRLING and FREDERICK WHITLEY
THOMSON, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH.'
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in sewing machines, has
for its object the simplification of the mechanism thereof.
The said improvements are especially applicable to that class of such machines
known as "lock stitch" sewing machines."
According to our first improvement the ordinary shuttle is dispensed with, and
we employ in lieu thereof a thread case or the equivalent thereof, or constructed and
arranged in the manner, herein-after described, for containing the bottom or under
thread. This thread case or its equivalent is placed between a number or series of
conical or other conveniently-shaped rollers carried in bearings underneath the
cloth plate, one roller being at right angles to the rest and acting elastically after
the manner of a buffer, and by this means the thread case or its equivalent is held
in such a position that when, by the motion of the needle bar in the manner herein-
after described, the eye of the needle is brought near to the point of the thread case
or its equivalent; the loop formed by the thread from the needle is passed over
such thread case or its equivalent. The point of such thread case or its equivalent
is placed downwards, and the needle while descending, ascending, and oscillating, as
herein-after described, causes each loop formed by it to pass over the thread case or
"

page_text: its equivalent as each successive stitch is made. The thread case or its equivalent
is flat or equivalently constructed, either upon one or more of its sides or upon a
portion of its surface, so that the conical or equivalent rollers, herein-before mentioned,
bear or press against its sides or surface, and thus retain it in its proper position.
The thread case also tapers to a point ats its lower end for the purpose of receiving
the thread from the needle, which form also prevents it from falling vertically down
from the rollers; or the thread case may be of cylindrical or circular form. The
thread case is also, preferably, provided with a tension spring to put the requisite
drag upon the thread, and which also acts as a kink-removing spring. The angle
at which the thread case is placed coincides with the angle which the needle bar
assumes (as herein-after described)-when at the centre of its upward or ascending
stroke.
Another improvement consists of a peculiar arrangement of oscillating needle bar
for the purpose of producing the lock stitch. Under this improvement the presser
foot is caused to feed the work along whilst the needle is in the work, and by this
arrangement the difficulties hitherto experienced when using an oscillating needle
bar for feeding slowly with the needle are obviated, as by this means the needle is
not depended upon for the feeding, but chiefly the presser foot, the needle being
driven by a positive motion travelling simultaneously with the presser foot.
The needle bar, which is made in one piece, is arranged to slide in a socket
pivotted at its lower end, its oscillating motion is obtained by means of a crank,
crank disc, or other equivalent mechanical device, and the presser foot, which is
pivotted to a connection with the needle bar socket, is driven by means of a cam,
which, when a crank disc is employed, may be formed in the face of the disc, the
bar of the presser being maintained in contact with the cam by means of a spring.
The position of the pivots of the needle-bar socket and presser foot are adjustable
simultaneously, so as to admit of the length of stitch being regulated at will.
In lieu of pivotting the needle-bar socket, the same may be caused to oscillate
upon a segment of a circle provided with a dovetail or other equivalently-shaped
orifice for allowing a metal slide to ride therein, which slide is or may be fixed to
the socket of the needle bar.
Another improvement consists in the combination with the thread case or its
equivalent of a cop wound spirally with the successive layers or series of coils
alternately right and left handed, and also of a pitch greater than the thickness or
diameter of the thread, that is to say, with an appreciable space or interval between
each two consecutive coils of a series. By this means the cop is enabled to hold
itself together without any auxiliary contrivance, a considerably greater length of
bottom or under thread is got into the thread case or its equivalent than when such
bottom thread is carried upon a spool or bobbin, or tube.
The cop is, preferably, unwound from the inside as a hollow cop, but it may be
put on a spring spindle in the thread case and wound off from the outside.
We fasten the outside end of the cop by winding it one or more times round the
circumference of the cop, so as to form a loop, and then passing its extreme end
through such loop so formed in the opposite direction to that in which the cop
would naturally unwind, and drawing it through until the slack is all taken up,
then removing all superfluous thread by cutting. This may be done by hand or by
self-acting machinery. When the cop thus fastened is unwound the tying of the
outside end unfastens and the thread runs out clear without any knot being left
upon it. This mode of fastening is applicable to sewing machine cops generally and
obviates the necessity for cop covers.
Another feature of the Invention consists in suspending a clip or other equivalent
spring in the thread case or its equivalent which contains the cop spool, bobbin, or tube
of thread, so that immediately the needle thread has passed over the front of such
case or its equivalent the spring will have sufficient play to permit such needle
thread to pass easily over the body of the case. This we do not only for the purpose
of shortening the needle as much as possible, thus imparting strength thereto and
reducing to a minimum its liability to breakage, but also with the object of making

page_text: the bobbin cop or its equivalent as large as possible so as to allow of its holding a
greater quantity of thread.
Another feature of our Invention consists in the application of the motion
generally known as the sun and planet motion" for the purpose of driving sewing
machines.
According to another part of our Invention, in lieu of arranging the complete
mechanism of the machine upon a single casting, we, when necessary, separate the
needle portion and its gear from the under thread portion, and support them inde-
pendently of each other by any convenient means. We are thus enabled to secure
ample space for manipulating the materials to be sewn, there being no arm or
obstruction to prevent turning the work when in large pieces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Moss, William Robert Stirling, and Frederick Whitley Thomson
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th February 1878.
GEORGE MOSS, of London, WILLIAM ROBERT STIRLING and FREDERICK WHITLEY
THOMSON, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND. IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Our Invention relates to improvements in sewing machines and appliances
connected therewith.
The said improvements are applicable to that class of sewing machines known as
"lock stitch" sewing machines.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we now proceed to
describe the system, mode, or manner in which the same is or may be used or
practically carried into effect, and for that purpose we refer to the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, in which
similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
According to our first improvement the ordinary shuttle is dispensed with, and
we employ in lieu thereof a thread case or the equivalent therefor, constructed and
arranged in the manner herein-after described for containing the bottom or under
thread. This thread case or its equivalent is placed between a number or series
of conical or other conveniently shaped rollers carried in bearings underneath the
cloth plate, one roller acting elastically; and by this means the thread case or its
equivalent is held in such a position that when by the motion of the needle bar,
in the manner herein-after described, the eye of the needle is brought near to the
point of the thread case or its equivalent, the loop of thread formed by the needle
is, whilst it is descending, ascending, and oscillating, passed over such thread case.
or its equivalent; as each successive stitch is made, the point of such thread case or
its equivalent being placed downwards. The thread case is made flat or equi-:
valently constructed either upon one or more of its sides or upon a portion of its:
surface, so that the conical or equivalent rollers, herein-before mentioned, bear or
press against its sides or surface, and thus retain it in its proper position. Tho̟.

page_text: thread case also tapers at its lower end for the purpose of receiving the thread from
the needle, which form also prevents it from falling vertically down from the
rollers; or the thread case may be of cylindrical or circular form, and it may be
provided with a tension-giving and kink-removing spring. The angle at which
the thread case is placed coincides, or nearly so, with the angle which the needle
bar assumes (as herein-after described) when at or about the centre of its upward
or ascending stroke. The thread case or its equivalent may under a modified
arrangement have in it a clip or other equivalent spring, which retains the cop, spool,
bobbin, or tube of the under thread, so that immediately the needle thread has
passèd over the point of such case, the spring will have sufficient play to yield by
the passage of the said needle thread over it, which causes the said spring to carry
the cop, spool, bobbin, or tube clear of the needle thread, and allow such thread to
pass easily over the body of the case. By this means we can use in the thread case
a greater quantity of thread, and the thread case being shortened a shorter needle
can be used therewith, which needle is thereby rendered stronger, and its liability
to breakage reduced to a minimum.
Another improvement consists in the arrangement of the oscillating needle bar
for the purpose of producing the lock stitch. Under this improvement the needle
bar and the presser foot are conjointly caused to feed the, work; thus the difficulties
hitherto experienced when using an oscillating needle bar for feeding solely with
the needle or solely with the presser foot are obviated, as by this means neither
the needle nor the presser foot is depended upon entirely for feeding the work.
The needle bar, which is made in one piece, is arranged to slide in a socket
pivoted at its lower end, or moving in a quadrantal groove, as herein-after
described, and its oscillating motion is obtained by a crank or equivalent device
from the driving or equivalent shaft of the machine, and the presser foot which is
pivoted to a connection with the needle-bar socket, is driven by means of a cam
from the shaft of the machine.
In Figures 1. to 13 of the appended Sheets of Drawings, both inclusive, we have
illustrated these several improvements, Figure 1 being a side elevation of a machine
constructed in accordance with our Invention; and Figure 2, a front elevation of
the same.
Figures 3 and 4 are illustrative of some of the motions of the machine, in
which Figures we have only shewn those parts which are necessary for the purpose
of clearly indicating such motions.
Figures 5 and 6 are views (drawn to an enlarged scale) of the thread case;
Figure 5 being a front elevation, and Figure 6 a vertical section.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, are modifications of the thread case.
Figures 11, 12, and 13 illustrate the modification herein-before referred to, in
which the needle-bar socket slides in a quadrantal groove.
Referring to Figure 1, the frame of the machine or casting carrying the working
parts is marked A, the driving shaft B, the driving wheels C, and the cloth plate D.
Under the cloth plate D is held the thread case E, containing the under or bottom
thread marked e in Figures 5 and 6. This thread case is held between rollers
F, F, F¹, the rollers F being conical and carried in bearings f in brackets fl on
the frame or swing bar f*, which is capable of being turned outwards on the
centre clear of the cloth plate for the purpose of the insertion of the thread case
between the rollers, and of being fixed in its position for work under the cloth plate
by the thumbscrew f³. The roller F¹ is placed at right angles to the rollers F, and
its stem or rod f4 is gently pressed outwards towards the said rollers F by a
spring f contained in the box f with such a force as to hold the thread case E
securely between the rollers, but not sufficient to obstruct the free passage of the
needle thread over the exterior of the thread case. The body of the thread case is
so formed, with a flat face on one or more of its sides, and the rollers F and F¹ are
so disposed that the said thread case is held between them in such a position that
when the motion of the needle bar, in the manner herein-after described, brings the

page_text: point of the needle near to the point e¹ of the thread case, as shewn in Figure 3,
the loop formed by the needle thread will pass easily over the point of the thread
case and over the body of the said case, as seen in Figure 4, where the second loop
is marked g.
The tapering of the thread case and slight curvature of its point facilitating the
passage of the loop over the point, and at the same time preventing the thread case
from falling vertically from the rollers; or one or more indentations may be made
in the thread case, in which one or more of the rollers will fit. The needle bar H
slides in the needle-bar socket I, centred at i to the adjusting slide J, and the said
needle bar is centred at its upper end by the crank pink to the crank disc K,
which crank disc is fast on the shaft B, and on the revolution of the said shaft
imparts to the needle bar a descending, ascending, and oscillating motion, as will be
clearly understood on reference to Figures 3 and 4. The presser foot L is pivoted
by the screw to the adjusting slide J through a slot in the presser bar, which
slot allows of the raising or lowering of the adjusting slide J in its grooves in the
casting A without disturbing the said presser foot. The slide J is made adjustable
in order that by raising or lowering it in its grooves in the framing A. the centre i
of the needle-bar socket I carried by it, and the centre of the presser foot may
both be simultaneously raised or lowered to a greater or less distance from the cloth
plate, whereby the throws of the needle bar and the presser foot are simultaneously
adjusted, a greater or less quantity of cloth is fed at each stroke by the needle and
presser foot, and the length of stitch is thereby regulated. The slide J is held in
any position to which it may be brought by the screw j passing through a slot in
the projection a of the casting A.
The motion of the presser foot is obtained by means of a double cam k¹, k², formed
on the back of the disc K, the part of the presser bar bearing upon the cam face k,
and receiving from it a lifting movement, and the part 2 of the presser bar bearing
upon the cam face k³, and receiving from it the side thrust or feeding movement.
The presser bar is maintained in contact with this cam by the spring 13. The needle
thread is marked G and is led through tension discs and eyes a¹, a², and m, and
through the eye i¹ on the needle bar socket to the needle.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The centres i and 7 being adjusted by
the screw to a greater or less distance from the cloth plate, according to the length
of stitch desired, on driving the shaft B by the handle C₁ or by a treadle, or by
any suitable means, the crank disc causes the needle bar H to descend, and the
needle enters the cloth, passing down through it until it reaches the point of the e¹
of the thread case, as seen in Figure 3.
The oscillation of the needle, caused by the continued motion of the crank disc,.
passes the loop formed by the thread from the needle over the point of the thread
case, the presser foot at this time (that is to say, whilst the needle is in the cloth and
receiving its oscillating motion from the crank disc) having its feeding motion
imparted to it from the cam k¹, by which combined feeding action of both the needle
in the cloth and that of the presser foot upon it, both laps or layers of cloth, where
there are two laps, and all laps where there are more than two, are both or all
equally and evenly fed, and the upper layer of cloth is not apt to ruck or pucker up
as is the case where the feed motion is obtained from a presser foot alone. In
Figure 3 the needle has reached its lowest position, and is about by its continued
motion (which now becomes one of oscillation) to pass its loop over the point of the
thread case. By the continued revolution of the crank dise the needle will ascend
passing its loop over the body of the thread case to the position shewn at Figure 4,
at which point the take-up lever M commences to drag the loop over the body of
the thread case, the spring buffer-like roller E¹ (Figure 1) permitting the thread case
to yield sufficiently to allow the loop to pass easily between the rollers F, F¹, and
the said thread case, the passage of the said loop over the said thread case being
assisted or facilitated by the action of the rollers. At the termination of the
revolution of the crank disc the needle will be withdrawn from the cloth, the loop
from the needle will have passed over the body of the thread case, taking with it

page_text: the under thread case which issues from the thread case, and the stitch will thus be
completed.
In Figures 17, 18, and 19, we have represented a modified arrangement for
supporting the thread case in such a manner that the top of the thread case is
prevented from striking the under side of the cloth plate, and thus the loop of thread
from the needle passes more freely from off the said thread case; Figure 17 is a plan
partly in section of the said arrangement; Figure 18 is an elevation shewing the
thread case in position between the rollers, and Figure 19 is an elevation of the
main bracket in which the rollers are held. In this arrangement the thread case E
is supported between two conical rollers F, F, on the one side, and a roller T on the
other side, the axis of this latter roller being by preference at an inclination parallel
with that of the thread case. The rollers are free to turn easily upon pivots in
brackets U, U, adjustable in the main bracket V. The roller T is shewn clearly in
Figure 18, its sides preferably not being continuously parallel with its axis, by which
form the said roller bears upon or rolls over the thread case with but little contact
and little friction. The said roller has at its upper end a flange t against which the
top of the thread case strikes when pulled upwards by the thread, and by which it
is prevented from coming into contact with the cloth plate.
-
A "buffer like roller" F¹, mounted in the main bracket, and similar to that
described with reference to the first arrangement, is employed to bear against the
thread case in order to keep it in position. The main bracket is mounted so as to
be capable of being turned upon a stud W from the casting or framing of the
machine (or it may be a stud projecting downwards from the cloth plate) in such a
position that the said bracket, and with it the rollers and thread case, may be
turned outwards clear of the cloth plate, after the manner and for the purpose
described with reference to the first arrangement (shewn on Sheet 1 of the appended
Drawings), the said bracket being fixed with the thread case in position for work
by a catch being turned behind a stop w projecting from the casting or framing of
the machine, or from the cloth plate.
"
The thread case is shewn in detail in Figures 5, 6, and 6ª, drawn to an enlarged
scale. It is formed with a box-like receptacle e² at its upper part for receiving the
cop, spool, or bobbin e, and is furnished with a lid or cover e³ carried by a door or
flap e turning on a hinge at es, for the purpose of inserting the cop, and for facili-
tating the threading of the thread between the guide bars and through the tension
eyes e which are formed in the said door or flap. The said door is held in its closed
position by a snap fastening e engaging with the edge of the thread case, as shewn
in Figure 5ª
Figures 7 and 8 shew a modification of the thread case. The body of the thread
case is marked E. To its lower end is attached a spring N carrying the cop tube O,
and the lid of the tube is hinged at o to a projection on the said spring, thus
allowing the lid being opened for the insertion of the cop. The lid is kept in its
closed position by the lip spring o'. On the loop of thread from the needle passing
over the body of this thread case the spring N is pressed inwards by the passage of
the loop, the said spring then forming virtually a portion of the back of the thread
case. The thread case is forined with a clear passage through it to allow of this
movement of the spring carrying the cop tube. The eye o² on the cop tube is to
carry back clear of the descending needle the thread which it carried forward when
urged inwards by the loop from the needle.
Figures 9 and 10 represent a further modification of the arrangement of the
thread case. The body of the thread case is marked E. The action of the spring N
caused by the loop from the needle is precisely as in the last herein-before described
arrangement; but in this modification the axis of the bobbin, spool, or cop O is
placed at right angles to that of the cop tube shewn in Figures 7 and 8, by which
arrangement we are enabled to use larger bobbins, spools, or cops, and a shortér
thread case. With this short thread case we are also enabled to use a shorter
needle, which will reduce the liability of the needle to breakage to a mininium.
In the illustrations of both the foregoing arrangements e indicates a tension
"

page_text: spring on the body of the thread case for receiving the thread, and G the needle
thread. All these thread cases are provided with a flat face on one or more of their
sides for one or more of the rollers F to bear against. One flat face is shewn at es
in the plan of the thread case, Figure 6A. It is evident that a cop, bobbin, reel, or
ball of thread may be used in any of these thread cases.
Figures 11, 12, and 13 shew in front elevations and side sectional elevation an
arrangement which we sometimes use in place of centering the needle bar socket I
to the adjusting slide J, as in Figures 1 to 4. In this modification the needle bar.
socket I has formed on its back a quadrantal dovetailed projection 2, which
projection works in a corresponding quadrantal dovetailed recess j¹ in the adjusting
slide J. The working of the needle bar socket under this modification, as shewn at
Figure 13, is essentially the same as in the first arrangement, illustrated in Figures
1 and 2, the oscillations of the needle bar socket taking place upon the centre from
which the quadrant J' is struck.
We prefer to use in the thread case a cop wound spirally with the successive
layers or series of coils alternately right and left handed, and also if a pitch greater
than the thickness or diameter of the thread, that is to say, with an appreciable
space or interval between each two consecutive coils of a series, as a cop so wound
will hold itself together without any auxiliary contrivance, and consequently a
greater amount of thread can be contained in the thread case.
The cop is preferably unwound from the inside as a hollow cop, but it may be
put on a spring spindle in the thread case and wound off from the outside.
In cops which are to be unwound from the inside we fasten the outside end of the
thread of the cop, as shewn in Figure 14, by winding the outside end of the thread
one or more times round the circumference of the cop so as to form a loop 2, and
then passing its extreme end 1 through such loop in the opposite direction to that
in which the cop would naturally unwind (in Figure 14 the outside end of the cop
is supposed to unwind in the direction of the arrow), and drawing the end through
until the slack is all taken up, and then removing all superfluous thread by cutting
it. This may be done by hand or by self-acting machinery. When the cop thus
fastened is unwound from the inside the fastening of the outside end unfastens, and
the thread runs out clear without any knot being left upon it.
This mode of fastening is applicable to sewing machine cops generally, and
obviates the necessity for cop covers, besides holding the cop securely together,
preventing any waste of thread, and leaving the space usually occupied by cop
covers available for an extra amount of thread..
"
Another feature of our Invention consists in driving sewing machines by the
application thereto of the motion generally known as the sun and planet" motion.
It is illustrated in Figure 15. The driving wheel C carries a toothed bevil wheel c
turning on an axis at c¹, and the casting, or framing A of the sewing machine
carries a toothed bevil wheel a fixed to the said casting, so that it shall not rotate.
The shaft B has fixed upon it a toothed bevil wheel b. By the revolution of the
driving wheel C the wheel c running round the wheel a will impart an accelerated
motion to the shaft B, as is well understood. This accelerated motion enables us
to dispense with one of the two driving wheels hitherto used, and consequently we
obviate the necessity for a driving band, which driving band is liable on change of
temperature to contract or lengthen, and thus interfere with the working of the
machine.
According to another part of our Invention, in lieu of arranging the complete
machine upon a single casting, we, when necessary, separate the needle portion and
its gear from the cloth plate and the under thread portion, and support them
independently of each other by any convenient means. Figure 16 illustrates this
part of our Invention. The needle portion is carried by the bar or support P, and
is driven by the pulley Q, or by other convenient means. Immediately under the
needle portion is mounted on any convenient table or support R the cloth plate D
and under thread portion.. In this Figure the thread case and rollers under the

page_text: cloth plate are enclosed in the box S. It will be evident that any convenient
number of needle portions of machines may be thus carried on the bar or support P,
which may extend from end to end of a room above a table carrying immediately
under each needle portion a cloth plate and under thread portion.
The machine or machines.is or are driven from overhead or from the side, so that
the driving band or bands will not interfere with the manipulation of the work
By this arrangement we are enabled to secure ample space for manipulating the
materials to be sewn, there being no arm or obstruction to prevent turning the work
when in large pieces.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what
we consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The general construction, combination, and arrangement of parts consti-
uting the improved sewing machine, substantially as herein-before described, and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. Carrying or mounting the thread case between a number of conical or
other conveniently shaped rollers arranged in bearings underneath the cloth plate,
one or more rollers, or their equivalent, acting elastically, so as to allow of the slight
yielding of the thread case on the passage of the needle or upper thread over the
said case, and for the purpose of returning the said thread case to the position
proper for its point to receive the next loop of thread from the needle, substantially
as herein-before described and shewn in Figures 1, 2, 17, and 18 of the accompanying.
Drawings.
;
Third. Carrying or mounting the thread case at or about an angle coinciding
with the line which the needle bar assumes at or about the centre of its upward.
stroke, as herein-before described, and shewn upon the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction of the thread cases represented at and described with
reference to Figures 5, 5ª, 6, 6ª, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The arrangement of oscillating needle, bar driven by a positive motion.
from the shaft of the machine, as shewn in and described with reference to Figures.
1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Drawings, in combination with a thread case
carried between rollers, as herein-before described, and illustrated in Figures 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, and 10 of the accompanying. Drawings, for the purpose of producing the
lock-stitch.
•
.
Sixth. The arrangement for diminishing the length of the slide J, consisting in
forming in the slide J a quadrantal recess or groove, in which a corresponding.
projection on the needle-bar socket I slides, as herein-before described, and
illustrated in Figures 11, 12, and 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh: The arrangement of presser foot and oscillating needle bar, herein-
before, described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying
Drawings, in which both the needle and the presser foot are caused by positive
motions imparted to each individually and separately from the driving shaft to feed
the cloth simultaneously and conjointly.
Eighth. The method of fastening the outer end of cops, which are to be unwound
from their interior by winding the outside end of the thread of such cops one or
more times round the circumference of the cop so as to form a loop, through which
the extreme end of the thread is passed in a direction opposite to that in which the
cop would naturally unwind, as herein-before described, and illustrated in Figure
14 of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninth. Driving a sewing machine by means of the gearing commonly called the
"sun and planet motion," thereby dispensing with the use of driving bands,
as herein-before described, and illustrated in Figure 15 of the accompanying
Drawings.
...
Tenth. Constructing sewing machines in two separate parts, one being a framing.

page_text: carrying the needle portion and its gear; the other being the cloth plate and the
under thread portion, as herein-before described, and illustrated in Figure 16 of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Whitley Thomson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
DIAס
WITITI DV THOMSON