matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1874.
"
I, JOHN SMITH, Mechanical Engineer, of Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to employing a self-acting apparatus for the
purpose of delivering the warps at any required tension or pressure,
facilitating, the pulling back and dispensing with the setting up,
producing an even fabric, preventing the warps from twisting or
stretching, and doing away with the chains, ropes, levers, and weights
heretofore in use. For this purpose I employ a break made of iron,
steel, or other suitable metal, or I may use a break made of leather or of
composition. The break is fitted in a bracket fastened to the side frame
of the loom; in the top part of this bracket is formed a slot hole in
which enters a slanting metal wedge piece fitted to the bottom part of
the break; or I may employ a bracket having the top part forked, in
which I fit two studs or pins; the bottom end of the break is made

page_text: with a hook which is hooked on one of the studs or pins. The break
is made to pass under the bottom part of the ring of the warp beam
passing over the top and partly round the ring. At the end of the break
is fitted a lug in which is fitted a rod having two nuts to fix tho rod
in its proper position; near the bottom part of the rod is formed a
projecting piece on which rests a lever having a sliding weight to give
any required tension or pressure to the warps; on the top part of the
lever notches are formed to prevent the weight moving when placed in
the required position; this lever is fitted on a bracket fixed to the loom
frame.
On the top part of the rod is fitted a movable catch which keeps the
lever fixed to the rod when the catch is down and enables the lifting of
the lever when the catch is up. The bottom part of the rod under the
projecting piece is made to pass through a guide bracket, the hole
through which passes the rod is made in a slot to allow of any vibration
of the rod; this bracket is fixed to the loom frame.
I may use a strong stud fitted to the loom frame on which passes the
wedge picce fitted to the bottom end of the break instead of using a
bracket. The break when pressed down by the weight on the lever
presses on the greatest part of the circumference of the iron ring fitted
to the warp beam, and according to the position of the weight on the
lever causes more or less tension or pressure on the warps:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucien Fromage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1874.
I, LUCIEN FROMAGE, of Rouen, in the Republic of France, do hereby
declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES,”
to be as follows:-
.
All braces hitherto made have several disadvantages. Braces usually
have a tendency to descend from their proper position at the upper part
of the shoulder near the neck down to the edge of the shoulder over the
arm, where they rub and cause great annoyance
movement.
at every
Again at the back they press on several important muscles, thereby
incommoding the wearer and preventing any freedom of action. The
joints also where the different portions of the brace are joined together
very often give way and cause great inconvenience.
The object of this Invention is to remove these objections.
The front portion of the braces are of any ordinary construction. The
tavo portions which pass over the shoulders meet each other rather

page_text: higher up than is usual; fixed to their junction by preference in the
manner herein-after described is a single central elastic band which
passes vertically downwards along the spine of the wearer. At the
lower part of this central band there is a buckle or slide carrying a
double ended strap similar to those used at the front of the brace; the 5
ends of this strap have button holes to receive the two buttons at the
back of the trousers. By shifting the buckle or slide upwards or down-
wards along the central strap the length of the back part of the braces
can be suited to different wearers. Thus the weight of the trousers at
the back is entirely taken by this central vertical strap which is situated 1
at that part of the body, viz., the spine, at which thero is least
movement, and the friction and pressure on the body is thereby reduced
to a minimum.
The way in which it is prefered to join the central strap to the
portions of the braces which pass to the front is as follows:-The threads 1
of india-rubber which may bo woven into the central strap to give it
elasticity are made to stop short just before the junction in order to
diminish the thickness of the joint. The end of the central strap which
does not contain india-rubber is wound once around the ends of the front
portions of the braces at the point at which they are sewn together, and 2
the end is turned in; the joint is then stitched all round the four sides of
the square thus formed. By making the junction in this manner it
renders it almost impossiblo for either the side or back straps to become
loose or disconnected.
The h
355
2
A NEW OR IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PREVENTING THE SLIPPING OF WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dawber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1874.
I, JOHN DAWBER, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PREVENTING THE SLIPPING OF WHEELS OF LOCOMOTIVES AND
CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," to be
as follows:
-
This Invention consists in the employment of various arrangements
and contrivances for superseding the use of sand when the rails are in a
slippery condition from the effects of dirt, frost, or other cause.
One arrangement consists in the employment of wet or dry steam
blown or run on the rails from the boiler, the exhaust pipe,.the cylinders,
and also from hollow bars in the furnace. Or instead of steam I employ
hot or cold air, or hot or cold water from the boiler and tender-forced on
the rails by fans, pumps, or other means for obtaining pressure; and in
all cases there are roses or jets for directing the the steam, air, or water
on to the metals and valves and cocks to close and open the passages.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENING FOR SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, STUDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Carter and John Ashwin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th June 1874.
We, ROBERT CARTER and JOHN ASHWIN, trading under the Firm of
"Carter and Ashwin," at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturing Jewellers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENING FOR SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS,
STUDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in providing the upper disc with a double
spring, placed thereon vertically, the said double spring consisting sub-
stantially of two single snap springs (such as are used for necklets)
placed together in such manner that they are both pressed inwards at
the same time by the side arms with which they are connected and of
which they form part. The lower or under side disc is provided with a
tubular shank, into which the double spring before mentioned takes,
and by which it is secured, and the two discs are thus held together in
their proper position.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND COINAGE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peak at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1874.
I, JOHN PEAK, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED
SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND COINAGE," to be as follows :-
The principal novel feature of this Invention consists in the manu-
facture of coins of such a given diameter and weight that the diameter
shall be an exact decimal fraction of a given unit of measurement,
whilst the weight of the coin is at the same time an exact decimal
fraction of a given unit or standard of weight (say the pound
avoirdupois), and the value of the coin itself is also an exact decimal
fraction of a given unit or standard of value (say the pound sterling or
sovereign). By these means a perfect uniform and combined system of
decimal coinage, weight, and measurement is obtained whereby all
commercial transactions would be greatly facilitated.
I propose to manufacture a new coin (to be called a cent or by any
other suitable name), such coin to be in value one-hundreth part of a
florin or one-hundreth part of a pound sterling, and to make them of

page_text: such a diameter and such a weight that a certain decimal number of
them placed edge to edge would measure one foot or one yard, or any
other standard measurement fixed upon, whilst a certain decimal number
of the said coins would also weigh (say) one pound avoirdupois, then
any given weight or measurement might be at any time ascertained by
means of the coins whilst they themselves in unison with the sovereign,
half sovereign, florin, shilling, sixpence, and threepenny bit, now in use
form a perfect decimal system of coinage.
"
I propose also to pierce these improved coins (cents) with two holes,
so that they can be strung or tied together conveniently in tens or:
hundreds. In addition to this the decimal coins and weights would give
decimal measures corresponding with our present gallon, and would
introduce a new measure of capacity to be called "a cube (corre-
sponding with the present gallon), that would be a test both for the
pound avoirdupois and for the gallon, the gallon of water at the
temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit being equal to ten pounds in
weight. By these same means also specific gravities of all kinds can be
correctly ascertained. .
IMPROVEMENTS 8.9 follows:- IN THE STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURE OF BARRED FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by William Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1874.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS, of No. 128, Cheapside, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
8.9 follows:-
IN THE STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURE OF BARRED FABRICS," to be
--
This Invention relates to improvements in the structure and manu-
facture of fabriós having bars or transverse band's thickened, strengthened,
or varied in pattern by additional warp occurring at intervals in the
length of web (such as are sometimes employed in the manufacture of
umbrellas). In manufacturing such barred fabrics it is usual to
strengthen or vary only the weft at the barred portions, the warp
remaining the same as in the plain portions of the web.
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of such barred fabrics
with their warps increased or strengthened, or with warp threads of
different kind or colour introduced in the barred portions, the wefts
remaining the same as in the plain portions, or being also varied if
desired, and to effect this without waste of the additional warp extending

page_text: between the barred portions. For this purpose I provide in the loom
besides the ordinary warp the additional warp required for the bars on a
beam separate from the ordinary beam, and I arrange the harness of the
loom so that in the plain parts of the fabric it causes only the ordinary
warp to be worked into the fabric, but when a portion is desired to be
barred or thickened the additional warp is worked in, thus giving an
additional number of warp threads in the barred portion. When one
portion has thus been woven, barred, and a succeeding portion of plain
web has also been woven, the fabric is folded up in a plait so as to bring
the last weft thread or shoot of the plain portion into coincidence with
the last weft thread of the preceding barred portion, whereupon another
barred portion is woven, and so on successively. The threads of the
additional warp which connect the edges of the plaits formed as above
described are then cut and the web is spread out presenting the barred
portions alternating with the plain portions, no more of the additional
warp being thus required than is necessary for the barred portions of the
web. It is obvious that the additional warp threads thus woven into the
bars may either be of the same colour and substance as the other warp
threads, or they may be of different colour or substance so as to produce
bar patterns, or they may be looped up in weaving, and cut to form a
raised pile; also that instead of working in the additional warp over the
whole width of web, it may be worked in at intervals in the width so as
to present interrupted bars or rectangular patterns, the harness of the
loom being suitably arranged for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EXHAUSTING AND PROPELLING AIR, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1874.
I, ROBERT JOHNSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engincer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR EXHAUSTING AND PROPELLING AIR, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS AND
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable for ventilating mines, for pumping or
forcing water, for producing the currents of air in blast and other
furnaces, and generally for exhausting and forcing air, gas, and other
fluids and liquids.
My improved machinery consists of a right and left-handed screw
fixed on the same axle and revolving in a cylinder, the ends of which
are open or partly open, and with another opening in the centre of the
cylinder corresponding to the line where the two screws meet. When
the double screw is turned round it either draws the air, gas, or other
fluid or liquid in at each end and forces it out at the centre, or vice
versa.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OILS AND OTHER LIQUID OR SOLID COMPOUNDS OF CARBON
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Steedman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1874.
I, JOHN STEEDMAN, of the Firm of Steedman and McAlister, of
Glasgow; in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING OILS AND OTHER LIQUID OR SOLID COMPOUNDS OF
CARBON," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the purifying of oils and other liquid or
solid compounds of carbon in an improved, simple, and economical
manner, and it consists in passing the vapor of the carbonaceous com-
pound through animal or vegetable charcoal, coke, or an earth, or
through any compound or combination thereof.
The purifying medium may be placed in the still or other vessel in
which the carbonaceous compound is vaporised, or in a separate vessel,
but it must be kept at such a temperature that the vapor will not
condense until after it has passed through it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY to be OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING HAY AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES INTO "CHAFF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Summerscales, Samuel
Summerscales, and Joseph Summerscales at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th November
1874.
We, WILLIAM SUMMERSCALES, the younger, SAMUEL SUMMERSCALES,
and JOSEPH SUMMERSCALES, of the Firm of William Summerscales and
Sons, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
"" to be
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING HAY AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES INTO "CHAFF,
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the class of "chaff cutting" machines where
chaff or other matters to be cut are held stationary during the operation
of cutting by the knives, and our improvement consists in constructing
the worm which drives the driving wheel of the drawing or feeding
rollers of the machine in such manner that it will enter into one
"space" of the driving wheel twice in its one revolution, whereby we
are enabled to have a less number of teeth in the said driving wheel,

page_text: and consequently enabled to make the teeth of greater strength than has
heretofore been accomplished in such machines, and also to obtain
a cut or operation of the knives at each half of a tooth of the driving
wheel.
AN IMPROVED SASH FASTENER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio William Cracknell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th February 1874.
I, HORATIO WILLIAM CRACKNELL, of 36, Spring Street, Paddington,
in the County of Middlesex, House Decorator, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SASH FASTENER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the sash fastener from being
undone from the outside, and present the public with an article as strong
as any existing sash fastner, is more simple, and can be sold considerably
cheaper. It works on the hinge principle; one plate is screwed on to the
bottom of the top sash; the adjoining plate works on it like a hinge with
an incision in it and comes down on another plate screwed on to the top
of the bottom sash which has a moveable thumb piece riveted underneath
it, which thumb piece turns round and clinche the said plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO SCRIBBLER CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Batty and Joshua
Blackburn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th July 1874.
We, JONAS BATTY, of Honley, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Smith, and JOSHUA BLACKBURN, of Colne Road, Huddersfield,
aforesaid, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO SCRIBBLER CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for carding wool or other fibres,
and the object of this Invention is to obtain a continuous supply of
material to the feed apron instead of an intermittant one as heretofore,
and this we accomplish by dispensing with the usual weighing scale and
communicating to the spiked roller a continuous, rotary motion by
suitable driving power, so that the spiked roller will deliver from the
hopper to the feed apron a continuous and regular supply of fibre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEATHER DUSTING BRUSHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
15th December 1874,-A communication from abroad by Alfred
Dunham Griswold, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEATHER DUSTING
BRUSHES," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in feather dusting brushes,
and consists in a feather dusting brush constructed with the feathers
thereof arranged in a series of small bunches, each of the said bunches
being secured to an elastic stem, and the elastic stems of the several
bunches being secured directly to the head of the handle. Or instead of
securing the elastic stems to bunches of feathers, as above stated, each
separate feather may have an elastic stem secured to it and be fastened
to the head of the handle.
And the said Invention further consists in a feather dusting brush
constructed substantially as above, in combination with a crown or
shield, all as herein-after described.

page_text: The increased demand and consequent growing scarcity of feathers
suitable for making dusting brushes has rendered it desirable that the
shorter and less expensive feathers should be made available for the
purpose of constructing them. To accomplish this result I construct my
brush by making up the feathers in small bunches, securing each of
these bunches to one end of any suitable elastic stem, and inserting the
other ends of the elastic stems into holes formed in the head of the
handle where they may be retained in any desirable manner.
A feather dusting brush constructed substantially in the manner
described will be found stronger and more elastic than the ordinary
feather dusting brushes, while at the same time the shorter feathers have
been utilized and a brush produced equally good as or better than the
ordinary duster and at a less cost.
If it is desired to conceal the elastic stems it may be done by placing
a crown of small feathers around them. This crown is constructed of
short feathers firmly secured by any suitable cement, or otherwise
between two strips of canvas or other suitable material, and then placed
around the head of the handle so that the feathers will hide the clastic
stems, as above stated. Or these elastic stems may be hidden in any
suitable manner that will give a finish to the construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sutcliffe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1874.
I, THOMAS SUTCLIFFE, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Glass
Bottle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:
:-
This Invention relates to the construction and manufacture of that
class of bottle for containing aerated liquids, in which the outlet or
orifice is closed by an internal stopper forced against the rim or con-
tracted portion of the neck by the pressure of the escaping gas.
The difficulty hitherto experienced in such bottles is the tendency the
internal stopper has to retard and prevent the free flow of the liquid at
the time of pouring the same from the bottle by reason of the stopper
entering and resting in the orifice.
To obviate this difficulty is the object of the present Invention, which
consists in providing the bottle, at a short distance from its base, with an
indented annular ring or recess, which annular indentation contracts the

page_text: internal capacity of the bottle where such ring is made, and so forms an
internal swell or ledge producing a chamber, which receives the stopper
when the bottle is opened, and prevents it entering the orifice of the
bottle during the time the liquor is being poured therefrom, thus
enabling the bottle to be emptied without impediment or stoppage as
hitherto.
IMPROVED POINTS FOR MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ford Stanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1874.
I, WILLIAM FORD STANLEY, of Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED POINTS
FOR MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This improvement is applied to every description of drawing compasses,
as dividers, bows, tube compasses, and others, and consists of forming
the points of steel wire, which is inserted in a groove made up the
inside of the lower part of the leg, a short piece of wire only being
allowed to project beyond the metal of the leg, that is, just enough to
form the point.
The steel wire of which the point is made will by preference be of
D section, but may be of other appropriate form; it will be soldered in its
prepared prepared groove, either the entire length that is inserted, or at
the upper extremity only. It will be soldered its entire length of insertion

page_text: for all points that are of a fixed kind. It will be soldered at the upper
end only for spring points. In this latter case the screw which draws
the spring towards the leg for adjus ment in the ordinary hairspring
compasses will be tapped in the compass leg, and press the point for
adjustment instead of drawing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING TIMES AND AMOUNTS AT BILLIARDS AND OTHER SIMILAR GAMES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Beck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1874.
I, CHARLES BECK, of the "White Hart," No. 296, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING
TIMES AND AMOUNTS AT BILLIARDS AND OTHER SIMILAR GAMES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus by which the times engaged and the
amounts due or paid at billiard and other similar games can be registered
and indicated.
The apparatus according to one construction is composed of a back
plate to which is affixed a spindle and ratchet mechanism, also a signal
bell by which each movement of the spindle by the marker or other
person can be sounded. In front of the mechanism is a disc upon or
through the face of which counting mechanism can be seen, in which
each movement of the spindle and mechanism can be registered. Upon

page_text: or against the front of the disc is arranged a sheet divided and sub-
divided into spaces with say the words "time" and "amount" printed
upon them, which spaces are in succession by a turn of the spindle
brought to appear through a space of the front plate to enable the
marker or other person writing or otherwise marking the hour at which
the game commenced or the length of time occupied by the game; also
the amount of money to be paid or that which has been paid for the
play, the marker or person then in charge then turning the spindle by
means of a key to bring one or more fresh spaces of the sheet to appear
at the opening of the front plate.
By this Invention not only can the time of each game and the amount
paid upon each be registered, but the number of games played during
a given time be indicated, but by hanging the front plate and affixing a
lock, the key of which is in charge of a third party, a change of sheets
can take place daily, and those used be kept as a register.
Instead of using a disc sheet I arrange the sheet which has to be
written on or marked to move vertically or sideways.
A NEW PROPELLOR, AND AN IMPROVED BREAK FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by Daniel Prichard and William
Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th December 1874.
وت
We,. DANIEL PRICHARD, of Gloucester Road, South Kensington, and
WILLIAM JACKSON, of Vauxhall Bridge Road, Pimlico, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PROPELLOR, AND AN
IMPROVED BREAK FOR VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a portion of a wheel
attached to a cog upon an axle resting upon springs attached to the
vehicle, which when caused to revolve by the aid of a star wheel with
cogs becomes a propeller or break, thus in the course of the revolution
of the said portion of a wheel upon it first touching the base and being
checked by a lever, becomes a break, and upon its being released and
the star wheel being set in motion with the aid of springs upon a crank
attached to the said portion of a wheel, it becomes a propellor or
impetus.
IMPROVED FASTENINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Sutton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1874.
I, SAMUEL HENRY SUTTON, of Edgbaston, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED FASTENINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows :–
My improved fastening is adapted for use for solitaires, sleeve links,
studs, scarf rings, lockets, and such like, and consists first, in having a
button back with spring action all in one piece complete; second, in
fastening and unfastening it with a sliding catch pin with a groove
attached to the pusher, which is secured by springing in the hole in back,
and which is released by pushing the turned up bit with the nail of the
finger. The back is perfectly free with the exception of the joint arm or
connection by which it is secured to the front part, so that the back can
be passed parallel through the button hole without any obstruction. The
button back may be round, or oval, or any required shape. The ends of
the joint may be covered by flanges turned over to prevent the pin from
coming out.
AN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING RUST OR CORROSION OF IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Stead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1874.
I, SAMUEL STEAD, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING
RUST OR CORROSION OF IRON AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to prevent rust or corrosion of iron
and other metals and may be employed as a covering or coating over
polished metal surfaces of machinery to be sent abroad, also machinery
or other polished metal surfaces exposed to moisture.
The composition consists of the following ingredients:-Calcined
caustic lime, prepared chalk, resin, stearine, and fixed oil, and in about
the following proportions,—
Calcined caustic lime
Prepared chalk
Resin
-
8 lbs.
7 lbs.
2 lbs.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OXYGEN IN ROOMS AND OTHER CLOSED PLACES WHEREIN THE AIR IS VITIATED BY THE BURNING OF GAS OR OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
April 1874.
I, MATTHEW WILSON, of Loughboro' Road, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OXYGEN IN ROOMS
AND OTHER CLOSED PLACES WHEREIN THE AIR IS VITIATED BY THE BURNING OF GAS
OR OTHER LIGHTS," to be as follows:―
My said Invention relates to a method of and apparatus for preventing
the vitiaton of the atmosphere in rooms, or apartments, or other close
places lighted by gas or oil burners, by producing oxygen artificially to
supply the deficiency caused by the combustion at the said burners.
The said Invention consists chiefly in placing in a small chamber,
vessel, or receptacle over the gas or other burner a substance which when
heated will give off oxygen; it also consists in the construction of a con- .
venient apparatus for carrying the said Invention into practise.
I prefer to use a mixture of oxide of manganese and chlorate of
potassa in the form of powder, but I may use the oxide of manganese or

page_text: the chlorate of potassa alone, or any material which in a powdered or
solid form will emit oxygen when subjected to the heat of a gas or oil
burner.
The apparatus which I construct especially for application to a gas.
burner is formed by the combination of a chamber or receptacle for the
powdered substance with a cover for arresting the smoke. These covers
commonly consist of a central top piece of metal or other material which
is placed above the globe of the gas burner, and is surrounded by a rim
or "coronet" which supports the said top piece, and gives an ornamental
appearance to the cover. I form in the central portion of the said top
piece a chamber or receptacle of suitable capacity to contain a sufficient
quantity of the chlorate of potassa, or other powdered substance from
which the oxygen is to be produced. This chamber in existing covers
may be formed by fitting a disc of copper or other metal in the cover, so
as to form the chamber or enclosed space between the said disc and the
upper portion of the cover. At or near the top of the latter I make a
number of small holes or perforations through which the oxygen may
escape freely into the space surrounding the burner. The top of the said
chamber also has an aperture for filling it with the powdered chlorate of
potassa or other substance. This aperture is closed with a screw plug or
other stopper which may be readily removed and replaced, and which
may be the ordinary pinnacle of such covers, or a plug or stopper made
especially for the above purpose.
Instead of having the chambers or receptacle for the chlorate of
potassa or other powdered substance attached to the globe or burner, I
may suspend a cup or vessel containing such powdered substance from
the ceiling or other support above the burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Osborn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1874.
I, SAMUEL OSBORN, of the Clyde Steel and Iron Works, Sheffield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES FOR REAPING AND
MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to simple but practically important improve-
ments in the manufacture of knives for reaping and mowing machines.
Heretofore such knives have generally been left "black," that is, with
the surfaces not " finished," or they have had one or both surfaces ground
for the purpose of reducing the friction of their reciprocation and of
improving the cutting action. The grinding process is however not
only comparatively expensive, but it also removes the "skin" of the
steel, which skin when left on yields a better and more durable cutting
edge than can be formed without it.
By the present Invention the surfaces of the knives are made semi-
bright and sufficiently smooth to avoid all the objections to the "black",

page_text: .
or unfinished kind without removing the skin by a scouring process
which may be conveniently applied by placing the knife blanks in a
barrel with ashes or other suitable detergent materials, and imparting
rotation to the barrel. The desired semi-bright finish will be more
perfectly produced if the scale is removed by pickling during the
processes of rolling the sheets of steel, and it will be still better if cold
rolling is applied to the sheets before cutting them into knife blanks.
Instead of leaving both sides of the knife semi-bright, as herein-before
described, the under side may in addition be polished as is sometimes
done when the upper side is left blank.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PUDDLING IRON
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th September 1874.
I, THOMAS HENRY HENDERSON, of Langley Mill, in the County of
Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PUDDLING IRON," to be
as follows:
The interior bottom of the furnace I prefer to make of a circular form,
and in the crown of the furnace over the centre of the bottom I provide
a slotted brick, the slot in which I make of such shape that it can be
readily closed. Through the open slot I insert a right angled rabble, the
upper end of which is secured in the lower end of a vertical shaft which
is carried by and revolves in bearings secured to a bracketed framing,
bolted or otherwise secured on the top of the furnace. The vertical shaft
carries a toothed bevel wheel which gears into a similar wheel secured
on one end of an horizontal shaft which revolves in bearings carried by
the framing. The horizontal shaft is provided with speed pulleys driven
by a belt from any prime mover.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TIP CAPS FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Deleenaer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1874.
I, JOHN DELEENAER, of Hatton Garden, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
TIP CAPS FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved tip cap for retaining the ribs of
umbrellas and parasols when in the closed position.
The tip caps hitherto applied to umbrellas have consisted of a metal
tube or ferule fitting tightly on the umbrella or parasol stick, upon
which a collar or cap to encircle the tips of the ribs is fitted to slide.
As sticks vary considerably in diameter it has been necessary to make
the tip caps in a number of slightly different sizes, and to apply
the caps to a manufactured umbrella it was necessary to remove the
frame and covering, thus involving a considerable expenditure of time
and trouble both in the selection of a cap of the proper size for the stick
in fitting the same, and in putting the parts of the umbrella together
again.

page_text: My Invention consists in a tip cap so constructed as to have a certain.
amount of clasticity and flexibility, whereby it is capable of adapting
itself within certain limits to sticks of different sizes, so that a much
smaller stock of caps to select from is requisite, in addition to which it
may be so made that it can readily be applied to the stick of a manu-
factured umbrella or parasol without removing any part of the
furniture.
The improved tip cap of my Invention is made of a narrow strip of
metal rolled, drawn, or otherwise brought to a __ form in cross section.
The strip is then wound spirally on a mandril with the flanges out-
wards, and is then covered by a similar strip wound upon the former
with the flanges inwards, and embracing the adjacent flanges of the
successive convolutions of the inner strip, means being taken to keep.
the coils in the proper position during the winding and the subsequent
process of pressing to ensure the desired elasticity. The bands thus
formed are pressed in dies to impart the desired form according to the
part it is intended for, thus the ferule is flat with raised or beaded edges
on the outside to limit the motion of the sliding collar or cap thereon,
whilst the latter is convex on the outside and concave on the inside.
Suitable lengths of the bands so made are then joined at the ends, either
permanently by soldering, or detachably by means of a pin passing
through knuckles provided on the ends of the bands, so that they can be
readily applied to a manufactured umbrella.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, TENTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isac Louis Pulvermacher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1874.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Windmill Hill House, Hampstead,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, TENTS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows :-
-
My Invention consists in forming the whole or a portion of the covers
of umbrellas of two skins of waterproof and airproof material, the two
being cemented together at parts so that other parts are left to act
as ribs to be extended by air, which can be put in under pressure from a
pump in the handle or stick or by other convenient apparatus. The
central portion of the inner skin or lining is left uncemented, so that the
larger volumn of compressed air can be retained in it, that part being
the tighest and having the greater buoyancy.
I arrange the double or lined cover so that it can be easily removed
from its stick or handle, and then be folded up to be carried, the stick
being used as an ordinary walking stick.

page_text: By my Invention the usual metal or other ribs stretched and sup-
ported are dispensed with.
The Invention is applicable for other articles of a similar character,
such as tents, garden seat covers, sunshades, and the like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND FIXING OF RAILWAY BUFFER SPRINGS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johan Anderson Lindblad and
John Edey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th July 1874.
We, JOHAN ANDERSON LINDBlad and John EDEY, both of Sheffield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND
FIXING OF RAILWAY BUFFER SPRINGS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object certain new and useful improvements
in the construction of india-rubber railway and other buffer springs, and
also an improved construction of the beds or means for fixing the springs
in railway buffers and other places where required.
In carrying this Invention into effect we construct and fit two circular-
plates or washers with fixed or loose projecting bosses to be placed on
each end of the india-rubber-springs-with the boss turned inside the
hole; they will be made of sufficient length to meet in the interior of
the hole in the india-rubber springs. If fitted with two or more springs
the bosses will be made to meet on each side of the plates, dividing the

page_text: springs. These plates or beds and bosses may be made of metal or of
any material most suitable.
The springs we propose to make in a round globe shape and hollow,
with a hole right through in the centre to receive a boss or bolt, or boss
and bolt. The globe springs may be fixed in beds of india-rubber, or i
metal beds or washers, with a radius to fit the circumference of the
spring or globe. The hollow space in the globe spring is for the purposo
of admitting of air coming through the hole or space between the
india-rubber and the diameter of the bolt. When the spring is traversing
back to regain its natural position, or to be at rest, and when the spring 1
is compressed, the hole or space round the bolt will close round the bolt,
and by that means the air will be compressed and act as a resisting
power to help the spring.
AN IMPROVED ROTARY FAN TO BE USED IN CARRIAGES, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER CONVEYANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Molony at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1874.
I, JOHN FREDERICK MOLONY, of Omagh, Ireland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROTARY FAN TO BE USED
IN CARRIAGES, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER CONVEYANCES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
My Invention has for its object the construction of a self-acting fan
for supplying cool and refreshing currents of air to passengers whilst
travelling in close or ill ventilated omnibuses, railway carriages, cabins
of ships, or other conveyances, and consists of a shaft or spindle fitted
with two or more plain surface leaves or vanes working concentrically
upon suitable bearings attached to the roof or framing of the vehicle or
otherwise, in connection with which a grooved wheel in gear with a cor-
responding wheel on the carriage axile is employed for giving motion to
the fan direct through the medium of an endless cord or band, so that
on the slightest movement of the carriage the fan is caused to revolve
rapidly and agitate the air, as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
September 1874.
I, JOHN MOORE, of Clifton, Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BOILERS AND FURNACES,"
to be as follows:-
:-
These improvements have reference to a peculiar method of fastening
or connecting the plates or parts of boilers and connected furnaces. The
plates or pieces are to be fastened or secured by means of a piece of
boiler plate rivetted or secured (over cach joint) to cach part of the
boiler plates.
The doorway or covering of the furnace being also constructed in
The tubes will
accordance with the arrangements above mentioned.
be introduced into the construction in accordance with these arrange-
ments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kight and Gustav
Wilhelm Mohrstadt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th May 1874.
We, JOHN KIGHT, of Charlton Villa, Grange Road, Ealing, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and GUSTAV WILHELM MOHRSTADT,
of No. 36, Holloway Head, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
"
Our Invention relates to improvements in that form of machine known
as the Willcox and Gibbs' machine, but which are adaptable also to
machines with other descriptions of frames, and whereby both or all
kinds of such machines become lock stitch instead of single thread
machines as heretofore.
Our improvements consist, firstly, in so constructing these machines
that they have at the back part of the frame a peculiarly constructed
cam, eccentrically recessed in such manner that it works not only the
arm carrying and operating the needle, but also a shuttle now for the first
time introduced into this class of machines. This it does by means of a

page_text: horizontal shaft having at or near to its opposite end another small cam,
working a lever actuating another lever with a reciprocating motion, so
as to give the required motion to the shuttle. The cloth plate is so
constructed that a portion of it may be slid back or withdrawn, in order
to place the shuttle in position or remove it.
Our improvements consist, secondly, in a peculiar feed motion for
these machines. A small eccentric, shaped at the top somewhat like a
ball, operates by means of a double link piece a forked lever at the
under side of frame, which lever is connected with the feed link carrying
the foot for working forward the material to be sewn.
Our improvements consist, thirdly, in constructing the shuttles without
the internal spindle, so that a greater quantity of the sewing material
may be therein contained, and in a winder for winding the sewing
material into such a form that it will lie in the shuttle and yet deliver
equally or regularly.