IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH WINDOWS AND IN BLINDS THEREFOR
Year: 1885

page_text: I. VACLÁV KLÁN, Vodrekova, 12, Gentleman, and RUDOLPH SEITZ, Kralooské
Halkova 217 Joiner, both of Prague, Bohemia in the Empire of Austria do hereby
declare the nature of our Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH WINDOWS AND IN
BLINDS THEREFOR to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to effect improvements in sash windows, single
or double ones, so as not only to be able to push each sash up and down at liberty,
without danger of their dropping, but to enable to use such windows also in the way
of French sashes ie that all and each sliding sash may also be opened inwardly and
lifted in and out at liberty, such windows being provided with outside roll shutters,
the which can be fixed and regulated from inside in every way, so as to meet every
requirement.
In carrying out our invention we provide each sash with two pairs of hinges,
their pins being placed on the sliding sash and the knuckles on their respective
frames, on the same side of the window All sashes are so arranged, as to their
dimensions and position, that their countrepoises being clutched or locked in the
lowest position of each sash, the pins fall each into its knuckle, and each sash may
thus be swung and taken out just like a French one. The same handles serve for
the purposes of sliding up and down of the sashes as well as for the locking of the
countrepoises.
We provide such windows with outside rollshutters or 'blinds of a particular
construction-The flexible blind is wound on a roller placed in a casement above
the window-It is composed of slabs connected together by belts and by regulating
taps.
Each slab is provided with pins on each end which are guided by two grooved
rails, the which are pivoted on the window frame above.-The inclination of
these guiding rails is regulated by two bars linked with them or their lowest
extremity, whilst the other end slides vertically into a casement The position of
the bars is regulated by a handle.
The casement above the windows is provided with two sets of rollers. The one
serves for winding up the flexible blind and the second one for winding up the
tapes When the blind is completely let down the tapes are tangent on the first,
and slide each through an eye or ring attached to this roller so that they are
wound up from the second roller if the blind is wound up by the first one.

page_text: CUMI LEIE DILUIFICATION.
Improvements in Sash Windows and in Blinds therefor.
We VACLAV KLÁN, Vodrekova 12 Gentleman, and RUDOLF SEITZ, Kralovské
Halkova 217 Joiner, both of Prague, Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to sash windows with outside rolling shutters and the
object of the invention is to enable each sliding sash to be opened inwardly and to
be capable of ready removal when required. The outside shutters being capable
of being fixed and regulated from the inside in every way to meet every
requirement.
And in order that our said invention may be more particularly ascertained
and described reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which
similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a front interior view of the exterior sashes No 1 and 2 and section
through I-II of Fig. 4.
Fig. 2 is a front interior view of the interior sashes Nos 3 and 4.
Fig. 3 is a section through III-IV of Fig. 2 the blind being omitted.
Fig. 4 is a section through V-VI of Fig. 2 all sashes being shewn pulled down.
Fig. 5 is a section through VII-VIII of Fig. 1 the blind being omitted.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the fittings of the upper and outside sash window No 1.
Fig. 6a is a horizontal section of Fig. 6.
Fig. 6b is a view of the locking stud d¹ of the sash window No. 1.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the fittings of the upper and inside sash window No 4.
Figs. 7 7b and 7° represent details of the weight 24 in section and back view.
Figs. 8, 8, 8b and 8c shew the left locking apparatus of the lower sashes Nos 2
and 3, and
.
Figs. 9, 9a and 9b shew the hinge-locking apparatus of the same.
Figs. 9
9d and 9e shew the bolt for the right hand weights of the sashes
No³ 2 and 3.
Fig. 10 shews the spring lock and bracket h² and h³ of the lower sashes
Nos 2 and 3.
Fig. 11 shews the details of the spring lock and bracket h¹ of the upper outside
sash No 1.
Fig. 12 shews details of the lower hinge g² of the upper outside window No 1.
Fig. 13 shews the sliding hinge d¹ of the upper inner sash No 4.
Figs. 14 and 14a are views of the sash fasteners 2 to secure the lower sashes
No 2 and 3, for the outward sash No 2 in Fig. 1 and u³ for the inner sash No 3,
Fig. 2.
Fig. 15 shews the revolving shutter in section through the line XI XII, of
Fig. 16 from the right hand side, the blind being shewn wound up.
Fig. 16 shews the revolving shutter on the line XIII-XIV of Fig. 17, the blind
being shewn let down.

page_text: Fig. 17 shews the same in section through the line XI-XII as seen from the
left hand side, the blind being shewn let down, and either completely shut (full
lines), or strutted out (dotted lines.
Fig. 18 is a top view of the apparatus.
Fig. 19 is a horizontal section through the line IX-X of Fig. 16.
Fig. 20 shews the method of regulating the inclination of the laths of which the
blind is composed, and
Figs. 21, 21, 21b and 21°, are details of the knob b and other appliances by
which these laths are pulled up or let down. These and the remaining figures are
drawn to a scale about double that of most of the preceding figures.
Fig. 22 is a detail view of one of the laths with its fittings in horizontal section
through the line IX-X of Fig. 16.
Fig. 23 is a vertical section of the laths.
Fig. 23a is a detail view of the regulating bands of the laths pulled up and
Fig. 23b a similar view shewing the laths closed.
Each of the sashes is suspended by weights and cords passing over pulleys, and
each sash slides in its own frame. Each sash is also provided with two pairs of
hinges, on the left hand side of the window, the mouldings of the frames on the
other side being so shaped as to enable the sashes to swing open upon the hinges,
and to be lifted out. To effect this, the respective dimensions, and positions of the
sashes, are combined in such a way, that they swing clear of each other when
opened, in their lowest position, as shewn by the drawings.
The stiles of the sashes 1, 2, 3 and 4 are marked 81 82 83 84 t¹t t³ and t, the 8
with the corresponding indices denoting the stiles to which the hinges are attached,
and the in the same manner the opposite stiles, see Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Each of the two lower sashes is fitted with a sash weight on each side,
marked P and Q (Fig. 5) for the outward lower sash No. 2, and P³ and Q³ for the
inward lower sash.
The upper outward sash No. 1 is counterbalanced by a weight P', which slides in
the casing to the left. The upper inward sash No. 4 is counterbalanced by another
sash weight Q sliding in the casing to the right, or vice versa.
The sashes are pulled up and down by their respective handles. The handles a²
and a³ of the lower sashes are fitted, as shewn in the centres of their lower rails;
and the handles a¹ and a' (Fig. 2) for the upper sashes are attached to their
respective weights to the right and to the left. But it is understood that all these
weights may be otherwise fitted as preferred.
Each sash is fitted with two pairs of hinges, the brackets carrying the sockets
being placed beneath their pins. The pins attached to the upper parts of the
hinges, are placed on the stiles of the sashes, and the lower parts of the hinges are
placed on the adjacent frames. The pins of the four sashes 1 to 4 are marked with
the letters c, g₁; c², g²; c³, g³; and c, g'. The brackets or sockets are marked
d, h; d, h; d³, h³ d' and h. The lower pin g¹ of the outward upper sash No 1
is provided with projections (3 and in Fig. 12), and the provision at d¹ (Figs. 1
and 6b) forms a spring lock, and is pushed into its frame by the projection P, if
the sash 1 is pulled down d¹ springs out as soon as the pin gl has passed by. If
sash No 1 is pulled upwards, then d¹ will be pushed away through the rounded
corner 3 (Fig. 12), the position being so that in Fig. 12 comes in contact
with Pin Fig. 11, if the sash is pulled down; and that 3 comes against 31 if the
sash is pulled up; these details being seen from behind, while in Fig. 1 they are
seen from the other side.
The upper and outer sash No 4 is fitted with similar (but more simple) pins c*
and g. The upper part of the hinge d slides on the frame vertically, it being
guided by a square rod e e¹ (Figs. 2, 13 and 13a). The sash being let down, d' will
slide down also as far as e¹ (Figs. 2 and 13) d is secured in the slot as shewn in
the figures 13 and 13ª.
'
Each of the catches (h h² and h³) of the lower hinges of the lower sashes No³ 2
and 3 is connected with a double spring bolt shewn in figure 10, which is

page_text: •
continually pressed outwards by an interior spring. When the double bolt j and u
(forming one piece) has been pulled back into its recess in the frame, the lower pins
can fall into their receptacles otherwise the part j is in the way. The projecting
part can be removed in pushing back u. This is done by means of the horizontal
bolt 5, 5, which again is protruded by turning its handle a (figures 8, 8, 9, 9°
and 9b). These horizontal bolts are placed in the bottom rails of the lower sash
windows. For swinging open the window it is necessary to slightly raise the
handle and at the same time turn it from left to right. This movement will cause
the bolt 5, 5 to draw the recessed lever hook 6, 7, Fig. 88 so as to make it catch the
cordholder 8. The cords of the counterpoise weights of the lower sash windows
Nos 2 and 3, are not attached directly to the sash, but to these cordholders 8.
Each cord holder is kept in a recess of the stiles so formed that the cord holder
will take the sash along with it on being pulled up, but not on being let down, in
other respects the sash is free. Besides, the cord holder is shaped exactly to fit the
surface of the stile, so that no interruption is caused if the cord holder 8 is in its
place. A longitudinal slot is formed therein to receive a spring hook 7 (Figs. 8
and 8a) pivoting upon its axis y. The cord holder being caught by the hook 7
through the bolt 5, the sash weights cannot raise the sash and the latter can be
pulled up, till the projection j (Fig. 10) of the socket h is pushed out by the internal
spring q, and drops in between both parts g and h (that is to say g' and h³ for the
sash No 2; and g³ and ³ for the sash No 3). The pins of these lower hinges are
long enough to remain in their sockets. The inner guides of the lower sash frames
of Nos 2 and 3 are formed on the stiles t (t2 and 3) by the pivoted sash fasteners
(Figs. 1, 2, 14 and 14º). If these fasteners are raised the sashes are free to open
and swing upon their hinges, and they can then also be lifted from their hinges like
French windows.
The bolts 5, serve also to keep the lower sashes in their places in higher
positions, where recesses are formed in the frames. A bolt 10, in figures 9° 9d 9e
and 9 again secures the cord holder 8, which can be bolted even if the bolt 5 is
withdrawn. For that purpose, the cord holder 8 is prolonged downwards, as shown
in the said figures. This arrangement has the advantage that it can be seen
whether the cord holder is locked or not. The cord holder 8 being locked by the
bolt 10, but not by the sash bolt 5, the sash can be swung and taken out.
Figs. 6, 6, 7, 7, 75, and 7° shew the locking apparatus for the upper sashes.
Each of the handles a¹ and a' has two functions, corresponding with its two teeth.
The inner one shuts the pincers 11, while the outer one pulls the racked rod 12
thereby unlocking 26 and 27, which hold the upper sashes in their positions. The
pincers 11 are pivoted. on the counterpoise weight itself, and are fitted with springs
which cause their lower arms to extend and to fall in recesses formed for this
purpose in the frame, if the tooth on the handle stands in its vertical position, as
shewn in Figs. 6 and 7.
If the handle is turned to a right angle, the lower lever ends of the pincers will
be brought near together. The figures represent the upper sashes locked, and
their counterpoise weights with spread lever ends.
The counterpoise weight P¹ is shewn in its highest position (Figure 6) and the
counterpoise Q in its lowest position (Figure 7).
On turning the handle two and a half times, the bolt aº or a' as well as the
pincers 11 will be unlocked and the upper sashes let down.
The windows are provided with outside revolving shutters or blinds, which are
shewn in Figs. 15 to 23b..
The revolving shutters are constructed of a number of parallel laths 6, 6, fitted
to each other so as to form, when let down, a complete shutter to the window, each
lath being secured by three inside bolts ẞ and ẞ to which the laths are attached by
their upper edges, in the manner shewn in Figs. 22, 23, 23ª and 23º.
Each lath 6, 6, is provided on each end with a pin which pins are guided in two
iron vertical guide bars from top to bottom. These guides are channel shaped
iron rails jointed at w (Fig. 17) so that the lower ends can be strutted out by
'

page_text: means of two bars mn; the upper ends being fixed to the wall or to the window
frame. Each of the bars m n is at its inner end guided in a vertical direction, and
is hinged to a counterpoise q' on one side and q₁ on the other side, which slide up
and down, each in a vertical slot of the frame, as shewn in the drawing.
These bars being hinged at their outer ends. m to the guiding rail, the blind
will be spread out, if the counterpoises are low, and it will be shut, if they are
high. The counterpoises q¹ and q² are hung on cords over pulleys, and are balanced
with another counterpoise C, which is placed in the casement inside the window,
and moved by a knob, or otherwise.
The laths of the blind are attached to the two belts 3 ẞ by means of
pivoting screws or rivets, as shewn in figure 23, while on the middle belt a the
laths hang by small cords or bands ŏ (Fig. 23d), so that they are simultaneously
placed in a more or less horizontal position, by pulling the middle belt a, as shewn
in Figs. 23 and 23b.
A box or case fitted with two sets of parallel horizontal rollers, is placed above
the window. To the roller R the belts a and B are attached, but in opposite
directions to each other, that is to say, the former below, and the latter above, as
shewn in Fig. 17. Two tapes e e are also fitted and are wound on rollers W, W,
the axis of which is parallel to that of the roller R, and which is fitted at one end
with a roller K. A cord is wound on K, from right to left, while the tapes € € are
wound from left to right. The cord is kept taut by a counterpoise A.
The blind can be rolled upon the roller R, as shewn in Fig. 15, and is counter-
balanced partly by the counterpoise B', hanging upon a cord on the fusee T, which
string is wound up in an opposite direction to that in which the blind is rolled.
A pulley V is also fitted on the same axis with T and R.
A cord S is wound upon V in the same direction as that of T. This cord passes
over a pulley L (Figs. 15 and 18) and it is kept taut by a counterpoise B, hanging
on a movable pulley.
.
The counterpoises B and B counterbalance together the weight of the blind.
The end of the cord or rope S is fixed to the casing at o, Fig. 15. The counter-
poise B being moved by means of its knob up or down, the blind will fall or be
wound up upon the roller R. If the latter takes place, the tapes e e are unrolled
from the rollers W, W (Fig. 17), the counterpoise A goes up, and the counterpoise B
falls. If afterwards the blind is unwound, the counterpoise, A falls, and winds up
the tapes e, upon the rollers W W.
To change the inclination of the laths if the blind is down, it is necessary to
pull the belt a, in turning the roller R a little in the same direction, as if the blind
should fall still more. This is done in pulling a pin i upwards by a lever,
swinging on its spindle xx, Figs. 17, 18 and 20. The lever is moved by the
handle b, which is arranged so as to remain in any position as far as the swinging
of the said lever is required. For that purpose an attachment to the knob z is
fitted with side springs f¹ f, whereby friction is imparted by contact with the
metallic walls of the case r in which'z is confined. This arrangement is clearly
shewn by the figures 21, 21ª, 21 and 21°.
Having now particularly ascertained and described the nature of our said.
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. The method and means of hanging and mounting sash windows and the
special construction of hinges in connection therewith and the arrangements for
suspending and retaining the counterpoise weights while the hinges are in use
thereby enabling each sash to be used either as a sliding or as a French sash
substantially as herein before described and shewn in Figs. 1 to 14% of the
drawings.
2. The method means and appliances for fixing regulating winding and other-
wise actuating the outside revolving blinds or shutters from inside, with the
rollers R and W and the special arrangement of belts and tapes α, B, e, X and

page_text: the fixing, regulating and winding arrangements, substantially as herein before
described and shewn in Figs. 15 to 23b of the drawings:
3. The general arrangement, construction and combination of the several and
respective parts together forming our Improvements in sash windows and in blinds
therefor, substantially as herein before described and shewn on the drawings.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.