AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND DISTILLING FATTY APPARATUSPLOYED
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Felix Lieven Bauwens, of Ranelagh Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Manager of Bauwens' Patent Candle Company, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND DISTILLING FATTY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Felix Lieven Bauwens
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1857.
I, FELIX LIEVEN BAUWENS, of Ranelagh Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Manager of Bauwens' Patent Candle Company, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND DISTILLING
FATTY MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in treating and distilling fatty matters in a still con
structed and arranged in the manner hereafter described, by means of heat
conveyed from a furnace through a flue leading under the bottom and around
the sides of the still, and by means of steam introduced into the fatty matters
from a coil or series of heated pipes, all as herein-after explained.
My Invention further consists in forming the bottom of the still concave on
the inside and convex on the outside, or of a cup shape, and with sloping, or
conical sides; in fitting inside the still a gallery or trough, through which
the fatty matters descend to the bottom of the still and whereby they become
gradually heated, and in fitting to the still two gauge cocks whereby to regu
late the height of the fatty matters in the still.
My Invention also consists in the employment of a concave disc,. with the
concavity placed downwards at or near the body of the pipe for introducing
steam into the still.. The space between the concave surfaces of the disc and

page_text: bottom of the still forms a mixing chamber fort the mixing of the steam and
fatty matters, and the action of the steam causes a mechanical agitation, and
prevents the burning or charring of any of the fatty matters at or upon the
bottom of the still. I also fix two gauge cocks in the feeding pipes, one to be
kept constantly at the same point of opening for continuous supply of fatty
matters, and the other to be shut off occasionally if need be..
And, lastly, my Invention consists in the construction and arrangement of
furnace and flues for conveying flame and heat from the furnace under the
bottom and round the sides of the still, and for heating the coil or series of
pipes in which the steam is heated before entering into the still. My furnace is
so, arranged as that the main draught proceeds from a flue or flues at the
further end or side of a chamber in which the still is fixed; dampers are
provided, 'whereby this draught may be 'entirely or partially shut off, consc-
quently preventing the whole or any portion of flame and lieat from reaching.
the bottom of the still. Over the furnace I provide a flue, the only access to
which is through an aperture near to the mouth of the furnace; at the back
of this flue there is also a damper to regulate and shut off as required the
draught through this pipe flue and the heat admitted or brought therein..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Felix Lieven Bauwens. in the Great Seal, Patent. Office on
the 7th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FELIX
LIEVEN BAUWENS, of Ranelagh Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manager
of Bauwens Patent Candle' Company, send' greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of ller
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Felix Lieven Bauwens, Her special licence that I, the said Felix
Lieven Bauwens, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
the said Felix Lieven Bauwens, my executors, administrators, and
ässigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, sliould and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN. IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING AND DISTILLING FATTY MATTERS

page_text: AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Felix Lieven Bauwens, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands, and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
aud in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
له
.NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Felix Lieven. Bauwens, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being. had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention,consists in treating and distilling fatty matters in a still con-
structed and arranged in the manner hereafter, described, by means of heat
conveyed from a furnace through.a flue leading under the bottom and around
the sides of the still, and by means of steam introduced into the fatty matters.
from a coil or series of heated pipes, all as herein-after explained.
My Invention further consists in forming the bottom of the still concave.on
the inside and convex on the outside, or of a cup shape, and with sloping or
conical sides; in fitting inside the still a gallery or trough, through which the fatty
matters descend to the bottom of the still, and whereby they become gradually
heated, and in fitting to the still two gauge cocks whereby to. regulate the
height of the fatty: matters in the still. I also fix two gauge,cocks in the
feeding pipes, one to be kept constantly at the same point of opening for
continuous supply of fatty matters, and the other to be shut off occasionally
if need be.
.
And my Invention also consists in the construction and arrangement of
furnace. and flues for conveying flame and heat from the furnace under the
bottom and round the sides of the still, and for heating the coil or series of
pipes in which the steam is heated before entering into the still. My furnace
is so arranged as that the main draught proceeds from sa flue or flues at the
further end or side of a chamber. in which the still is fixed; dampers are
provided, whereby this draught may be entirely or partially shut off, .conse-
quently, preventing, the whole or any portion of flame and heat from reaching
the bottom of the still.. Over the furnace. I provide, a fluc, the only access.to
which is through an aperture near to the mouth of the furnace; at the
back of this fluc there is also a damper-to-regulate and shut off as required
the draught through this pipe. flue and the heat admitted or brought therein.
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed is a plan of my improved still

page_text: with part of the brickwork removed so that the interior of the flue and the
coil of steam pipes may be seen; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same
through the lines a, b, c, d, of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a vertical section through
the line e, f, in Figure 1, and through g, h, in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a vertical
section of the still vessel A through the lines i, j, in Figures 1 and 2. Bist
the brickwork in which the still vessel A is set; 'the bottom part C of this
véssel is hopper-shaped, and the lower or narrow end of it is closed by the
cup or concave portion C. Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the
Figures: The vessel A is heated by means of a flue D, which communicates
between the furnace D' and the bottom of the vessel A. This furnace is
placed at some distance from the. vessel; the flame and gases which beat the
vessel A are regulated by a damper D. The flame and gases traverse round:
the bottom of the vessel in the direction of the arrows nearly round the
hopper-shaped portion C of the vessel A; they are then conveyed in a winding
flue formed in the brickwork, thus causing them to impinge against one of the
sides of the vessel, after which they are conducted along the flue D³, and
finally up the chimney D. The dotted lines a' in Figures 1 and 2, and in-
full lines a¹ in Figure 3, shew the flue which leads to the bottom of the vessel
from the furnace D'. E is a flue, formed above the flue D, from which it is
separated by the fire-brick partition E. The flue E communicates with the
furnace D through an aperture E2 nearly above it; the flame and gases which
are allowed to pass along the flue E after heating the coil of steam pipes F
passes up the chimney D; the arrows shew the direction of the current.
A damper F is placed in the chimney to regulate or shut off the draught "if
necessary. The damper F is placed in the chimney between the points where
the flues E and D enter the chimney. This arrangement allows either of the
dampers D² or F to be worked independently of the other. A pipe G, fur-
nished with two cocks II and I, forms a communication between the reservoir
(not seen in the Drawings) in which the fatty matters are placed and the still
vessel. A; the cock H is set at the required position for passing the necessary
quantity of fatty matter, while the cock I can be used to shut off or let-
them in without interfering with the properly set position of the other. After
the fat has been brought to a sufficiently liquid state by means of a coil of
steam pipes in the fat reservoir, it is then conveyed down the pipe G into the
still vessel A, where it falls on to the end m of a trough, gutter, or channel J,
formed on the inside of the vessel, when it runs along to the end m' and falls
from thence into the end n of a similar trough, channel, or gutter J', and runs
to the other end n'; after this it falls into the next trough, channel, or gutter
and continues its winding or zig-zag course along the troughs, gutters, or

page_text: channels J and J. The troughs, gutters, or channels J. are inclined to, the
right, and those marked J' to the left. In passing along these winding troughs,
gutters, or channels, the fatty matters get gradually heated and at last fall to
the bottom of the vessel A. K is a steam pipe, leading from a steam boiler
or generator into the coil of pipes F, where the steam is heated to the necessary
degree; it then passes through the pipe K¹ this pipe enters through one of
the sides of the vessel A, and is turned downward until its end terminates a
short distance above the bottom of the vessel, where the steam is allowed to
blow through the fatty matters; the vapour arising from the heated fatty
matters (by means of the exterior and interior heat employed) passes upwards
to the bent pipe L, where it is directed downward through a still, worm, or
other cooling and condensing apparatus. N and O are two gauge cocks for
regulating the height of the fatty matters in the still, and P is a cock for
draining the vat.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that I claim,-
First, treating and distilling fatty matters in a still constructed and arranged
in the manner herein-before described, by means of heat conveyed from, a
furnace through a flue leading under the bottom and around the sides of the
still, and by means of steam introduced into the fatty matters from a coil or
series of heated pipes, as herein-before described.
Secondly, the construction of stills and the fitting of the same with galleries
or channels for the passage of the fatty matters, and with gauge cocks and
pipes, as herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Thirdly, the construction and arrangement of furnaces and flues for heating
the stills, as herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings here-
unto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Felix Lieven Bauwens, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
F. L. BAUWENS. (L.s.)