IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARMATURES DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: We, THOMAS PARKER and PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL, both of Commercial Road
Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, electrical engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of our said invention for, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARMATURES
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES, to be as follows:-
OF
This invention refers to the type of armature described in a provisional
spceification lodged by us with an application for Letters Patent for an invention
entitled " Improvements in dynamo-electric machines, and in the method of
constructing the armatures thereof" such application being dated the fifth day of
January A.1). 1884 and numbered 770, such description being as follows:-
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<<
"An armature frame constructed according to this invention is made of a series
"of vanes or flat arms formed with or fixed to a central boss mounted upon a
spindle. These vanes radiate from the centre like those of a fan and their outer
"edges are straight, and parallel with the spindle. In order to give the desired
length of armature frame, without the inconvenience of forming vanes the whole
"length of the frame, two or more sets of vanes may be fixed upon the spindle
" with the vanes of one set butting respectively against those of another set so
"that the outer edges of the corresponding vanes of each set may form continuous
edges parallel with the spindle. An iron core is formed upon these vanes by
winding iron wire around them as around a cylinder, or by slipping over the
"frame a series of sheet iron rings. When iron wire is wound on, as aforesaid,
"then, in order to prevent the flatness of the coils between the edges of the vanes
"which would arise from attempting to coil the wire upon the skeleton frame, and
"in order to give the coil a true cylindrical shape, blocks of wood (or other suitable
"material) having their surfaces turned up to complete the cylindrical surface, are
"inserted between the vanes and held in position by discs of wood (or other
"suitable material) screwed to their ends. After the wire has been coiled upon
"the cylinder formed by the exterior surface of the wood and the edges of the
vanes, the wood is removed. This construction of armature frame and core, and
"whether the core is formed of wire or of sheet iron rings, admits of perfect
"mechanical truth and throughly substantial fixing, and allows of running within
the pole pieces with the least possible clearance, thus increasing the intensty of the
magnetic field. The armature also has the great advantage of allowing a draught
of air to pass through between the arms or vaues and thus keep itself from heating.
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ค.

page_text: "
"
«
"The radiating parts of the commutator bars may be constructed to assist in
producing this draught. The insulated copper wire is wound longitudinally inside
" and outside the iron core, such winding being effected in an even number of coils
"connected together as follows:-The first coil wound is connected at the
"commutator end to a second coil of from 90 to 120 degrees in advance thereof
"and these coils are also connected to a commutator bar. The second of these
"coils is connected at its back end to the back end of a third coil at the opposite
point in the circumference of the armature. This last-mentioned coil is connected
at the commutator end to a fourth coil opposite to the first mentioned coil, and these
"third and fourth coils are connected also to a commutator bar. The back end of
"this fourth coil is connected to the back end of a fifth coil immediately in
"advance of the first coil, thus forming the commencement of another series of
"coils which are connected as in the case of the series of four coils first described.
"This method of winding is continued throughout any number of series, and the
" end of the wire is finally connected to the wire commencing the first coil, thus
forming the whole of the coils into a continuous conductor. By this method of
winding the armature, the polarization experienced in the ordinary "Gramme
ring and which is due to the current flowing in the armature and generating
poles in the ring at right angles to the poles of the magnetic field, is got rid of;
"and the current flowing in our improved armature tends to produce poles to
"assist the field, thereby greatly reducing the tendency to heat and raising
considerably the duty of the machine. In large diameter armatures the length
" of useless wire is also materially reduced."
"
"
"
"
This invention has for its object to reduce the cost of constructing the armature
and increase its efficiency.
According to this invention the conductor of the armature is laid in a single
layer only upon the iron core, thus occupying as little space as possible between
the iron core and the magnets, and leaving consequently at least one half of the
entire service of the conductor exposed to the cooling effect of the air. The type
of armature referred to admits, as stated in the aforesaid provisional specification,
of perfect mechanical truth and thoroughly substantial fixing and allows of running
between the pole pieces (or magnets) with the least possible clearance. The true
cylindrical form in which the iron core is constructed and maintained enables this
single layer of conductor to be employed, and thus the magnets may be fixed
within a very small distance of the iron core and great intensity of magnetic field
be secured. The length of the conductor, and consequently its resistance, is thus
very much reduced, and such conductor is found in operation to yield as high an
electro-motive force as if laid in two or more layers which involve a greater
distance between the iron core and the magnets. The efficiency of the armature is
also very greatly increased on account of the lesser polarizing effect produced in the
iron core at right angles to the main field by the current generated in the single layer
conductor, as of course fewer turns of the wire are required in this case than in the
case of conductors of two or more layers.
The conductor may be connected to the commutator strips according to the
method described in the aforesaid provisional specification, or it may be connected
according to the well known method introduced by Pacinotti.
T
1004

page_text: We, THOMAS PARKER, and PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL, both of Commercial Road,
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, electrical engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of our invention for, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARMATURES OF DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked
thereon (that is to say):-
This invention refers to the type of armatures described in a provisional
specification lodged by us with an application for letters patent for an invention
entitled, "Improvements in dynamo-electric machines, and in the method of
constructing the armatures thereof," such application being dated the 5th day of
January A D 1884 and numbered 770.
The type of armatures referred to is that in which the cores or barrels around
which the conductors are wound are formed as cylindrical rings; and in order to
make our present invention quite clear, we will proceed to describe part of our
said former invention, and in doing so will refer to the accompanying drawings,
of which figure 1 is a longitudinal section through an armature, magnets, and part
of the commutator cylinder, of a dynamo-electric machine constructed according to
our said former invention. Figure 2 is a section taken on line xx of figure 1.
The same letters of reference occurring upon both these views indicate corresponding
parts. A A is the armature frame, and consists of a series of vanes or flat
arms a a etc. formed with or fixed to a central boss B B which is itself formed
with or fixed to the spindle C. These vanes a a etc. have their outer edges
straight and parallel with the spindle, as shewn. In the armature illustrated, it
will be seen, by figure 1, that the whole length of armature frame is formed of two
sets of vanes, with the vanes of one set butting respectively against those of the
other set so that the outer edges of the corresponding vanes of each set form
continuous edges parallel with the spindle. The vanes are electrically insulated
between their butting ends. An iron core is formed upon these vanes by winding
iron wire around them as around a cylinder, or by slipping over the frame a series
of sheet iron rings. The iron wire core is shewn in section figure 1, and for
part of the distance only along the armature, for convenience of drawing. When
the iron wire is wound on, as aforesaid, then, in order to prevent the flatness of the
coils between the edges of the vanes which would arise from attempting to coil
the wire upon the skeleton frame, and in order to give the coil a true cylindrical
shape, blocks of wood (or other suitable material), having their surfaces turned up
to complete the cylindrical surface, are inserted between the vanes and held in
position by discs of wood (or other suitable material) screwed to their ends.
Strips of insulating material are laid along the edges of the vanes upon which the
wire is to be wound. After the wire is coiled upon the edges of the vanes, for the
desired thickness and for the whole length between the insulating washers d d,
the wooden blocks are removed and the armature is ready to receive the conductor
coils. This method of winding the iron wire core is very convenient, but any
convenient method may be adopted.
In the dynamo-electric machine illustrated, P and P¹ are the pole-pieces attached
to slabs K and K³, respectively, forming top and bottom magnets.
The construction of armature frame and core above described, and whether the
core is formed of wire or of sheet iron rings, admits of perfect mechanical truth and
thoroughly substantial fixing, and allows of running within the pole-pieces with
the least possible clearance, thus increasing the intensity of the magnetic field.

page_text: Now this present invention has for its object to reduce the cost of constructing
armatures of the type referred to and increase their efficiency.
We have discovered that any desired electro-motive force may be produced in a
dynamo machine of the type referred to, by means of a single layer only of
conductor wire upon the exterior cylindrical face of the armature, and the novelty
of this invention consists in winding such wire conductor in a single layer only
upon the exterior surface of the armature, so as to secure the advantages in
efficiency incidental thereto together with the greater cheapness thereof over
employing two or more layers.
The single layer of conductor wire of the armature is wound inside and outside
the iron core, as shewn at c c etc., as is common with this type of armature. In
figure 2 the wire is shewn wound only around a short part of the circumference of
the ring, for convenience of illustration. It will be seen that the single layer
occupies as little space as possible between the iron core and the magnets, and
leaves at least one half of the entire surface of the conductor (that is the outer
semi-circumference of the wire) exposed to the cooling effect of the air The
conductor may be wound, and connected with the commutator strips, according to
any convenient arrangement and manner, or it may be connected according to the
well known method introduced by Pacinotti.
By the use of a single layer the electrical resistance is reduced to a minimum,
and the opposing magnetism of the iron core at right angles to the main field, due
to the current flowing in the coils of the armature, and consequently also the heat
thus generated, is reduced to a minimum.
This invention applies to any armature of the type referred to and described, as
for instance the well known Gramme ring armature, but we prefer for the purpose
an armature constructed as described with reference to the illustrations, as the
true cylindrical form in which the iron core thereof is constructed and maintained
enables the single layer of conductor to be very readily employed with the pole-
pieces fixed within a very small distance of the iron core, and great intensity of
magnetic field to be thus obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Winding the wire conductor of a dynamo-electric machine armature of the
type herein described and illustrated by the drawings (that is of an armature
having the core or part around which the conductor is wound formed as a cylindrical
ring) inside and outside the iron core thereof, but in a single layer of wire only
upon the exterior cylindrical surface of such iron core, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described and shewn by the drawings.
2. Winding, in the manner referred to in claim 1, the wire conductor of a
dynamo-electric machine armature constructed with a framing formed of a number
of metal vanes or flat arms upon which a cylindrical iron wire core is wound in
any convenient manner, or upon which a core is formed by means of sheet iron
rings, substantially in the manner described, that is to say, winding such armature
inside and outside its iron core, but in a single layer of wire only upon the exterior
cylindrical surface of such iron core, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described and shewn by the drawings.
D
1
1007

page_text: We, THOMAS PARKER and PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL, both of Commercial Road
Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, electrical engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of our said invention for, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARMATURES OF
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES, to be as follows:—
This invention refers to the type of armature described in a provisional
spceification lodged by us with an application for Letters Patent for an invention
entitled Improvements in dynamo-electric machines, and in the method of
constructing the armatures thereof" such application being dated the fifth day of
January A.1). 1884 and numbered 770, such description being as follows:-
«
«
"
"An armature frame constructed according to this invention is made of a series
"of vanes or flat arms formed with or fixed to a central boss mounted upon a
spindle. These vanes radiate from the centre like those of a fan and their outer
edges are straight, and parallel with the spindle. In order to give the desired
length of armature frame, without the inconvenience of forming vanes the whole
length of the frame, two or more sets of vanes may be fixed upon the spindle
"with the vanes of one set butting respectively against those of another set so
"that the outer edges of the corresponding vanes of each set may form continuous
edges parallel with the spindle. An iron core is forined upon these vanes by
winding iron wire around them as around a cylinder, or by slipping over the
"frame a series of sheet iron rings. When iron wire is wound on, as aforesaid,
then, in order to prevent the flatness of the coils between the edges of the vanes
"which would arise from attempting to coil the wire upon the skeleton frame, and
" in order to give the coil a true cylindrical shape, blocks of wood (or other suitable
material) having their surfaces turned up to complete the cylindrical surface, are
"inserted between the vanes and held in position by discs of wood (or other
"suitable material) screwed to their ends. After the wire has been coiled upon
"the cylinder formed by the exterior surface of the wood and the edges of the
vanes, the wood is removed. This construction of armature frame and core, and
"whether the core is formed of wire or of sheet iron rings, admits of perfect
"mechanical truth and throughly substantial fixing, and allows of running within
"the pole pieces with the least possible clearance, thus increasing the intensty of the
magnetic field. The armature also has the great advantage of allowing a draught
of air to pass through between the arms or vanes and thus keep itself from heating.
દર
16

page_text: "
"The radiating parts of the commutator bars may be constructed to assist in
producing this draught. The insulated copper wire is wound longitudinally inside
" and outside the iron core, such winding being effected in an even number of coils
"connected together as follows:-The first coil wound is connected at the
" commutator end to a second coil of from 90 to 120 degrees in advance thereof
"and these coils are also connected to a commutator bar. The second of these
" coils is connected at its back end to the back end of a third coil at the opposite
point in the circumference of the armature. This last-mentioned coil is connected
" at the commutator end to a fourth coil opposite to the first mentioned coil, and these
"third and fourth coils are connected also to a commutator bar. The back end of
" this fourth coil is connected to the back end of a fifth coil immediately in
"advance of the first coil, thus forming the commencement of another series of
"coils which are connected as in the case of the series of four coils first described.
"This method of winding is continued throughout any number of series, and the
" end of the wire is finally connected to the wire commencing the first coil, thus
forming the whole of the coils into a continuous conductor. By this method of
winding the armature, the polarization experienced in the ordinary "Gramme"
ring and which is due to the current flowing in the armature and generating
poles in the ring at right angles to the poles of the magnetic field, is got rid of ;
" and the current flowing in our improved armature tends to produce poles to
"assist the field, thereby greatly reducing the tendency to heat and raising
considerably the duty of the machine. In large diameter armatures the length
" of useless wire is also materially reduced."
<<
"
"
"
"
This invention has for its object to reduce the cost of constructing the armature
and increase its efficiency.
According to this invention the conductor of the armature is laid in a single
layer only upon the iron core, thus occupying as little space as possible between
the iron core and the magnets, and leaving consequently at least one half of the
entire service of the conductor exposed to the cooling effect of the air. The type
of armature referred to admits, as stated in the aforesaid provisional specification,
of perfect mechanical truth and thoroughly substantial fixing and allows of running
between the pole pieces (or magnets) with the least possible clearance. The true
cylindrical form in which the iron core is constructed and maintained enables this
single layer of conductor to be employed, and thus the magnets may be fixed
within a very small distance of the iron core and great intensity of magnetic field
be secured. The length of the conductor, and consequently its resistance, is thus
very much reduced, and such conductor is found in operation to yield as high an
electro-motive force as if laid in two or more layers which involve a greater
distance between the iron core and the magnets. The efficiency of the armature is
also very greatly increased on account of the lesser polarizing effect produced in the
iron core at right angles to the main field by the current generated in the single layer
conductor, as of course fewer turns of the wire are required in this case than in the
case of conductors of two or more layers.
The conductor may be connected to the commutator strips according to the
method described in the aforesaid provisional specification, or it may be connected
according to the well known method introduced by Pacinotti.

page_text: We, THOMAS PARKER, and PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL, both of Commercial Road,
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, electrical engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of our invention for, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARMATURES OF DYNAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked
thereon (that is to say):-
"
This invention refers to the type of armatures described in a provisional
specification lodged by us with an application for letters patent for an invention
entitled, Improvements in dynamo-electric machines, and in the method of
constructing the armatures thereof," such application being dated the 5th day of
January A D 1884 and numbered 770.
The type of armatures referred to is that in which the cores or barrels around
which the conductors are wound are formed as cylindrical rings; and in order to
make our present invention quite clear, we will proceed to describe part of our
said former invention, and in doing so will refer to the accompanying drawings,
of which figure 1 is a longitudinal section through an armature, magnets, and part
of the commutator cylinder, of a dynamo-electric machine constructed according to
our said former invention. Figure 2 is a section taken on line x x of figure 1.
The same letters of reference occurring upon both these views indicate corresponding
parts. AA is the armature frame, and consists of a series of vanes or flat
arms a a etc. formed with or fixed to a central boss B B which is itself formed
with or fixed to the spindle C. These vanes a a etc. have their outer edges
straight and parallel with the spindle, as shewn. In the armature illustrated, it
will be seen, by figure 1, that the whole length of armature frame is formed of two
sets of vanes, with the vanes of one set butting respectively against those of the
other set so that the outer edges of the corresponding vanes of each set form
continuous edges parallel with the spindle. The vanes are electrically insulated
between their butting ends. An iron core is formed upon these vanes by winding
iron wire around them as around a cylinder, or by slipping over the frame a series
of sheet iron rings. The iron wire core is shewn in section figure 1, and for a
part of the distance only along the armature, for convenience of drawing. When
the iron wire is wound on, as aforesaid, then, in order to prevent the flatness of the
coils between the edges of the vanes which would arise from attempting to coil
the wire upon the skeleton frame, and in order to give the coil a true cylindrical
shape, blocks of wood (or other suitable material), having their surfaces turned up
to complete the cylindrical surface, are inserted between the vanes and held in
position by discs of wood (or other suitable material) screwed to their ends.
Strips of insulating material are laid along the edges of the vanes upon which the
wire is to be wound. After the wire is coiled upon the edges of the vanes, for the
desired thickness and for the whole length between the insulating washers d d,
the wooden blocks are removed and the armature is ready to receive the conductor
coils. This method of winding the iron wire core is very convenient, but any
convenient method may be adopted.
In the dynamo-electric machine illustrated, P and P¹ are the pole-pieces attached
to slabs K and K³, respectively, forming top and bottom magnets.
The construction of armature frame and core above described, and whether the
core is formed of wire or of sheet iron rings, admits of perfect mechanical truth and
thoroughly substantial fixing, and allows of running within the pole-pieces with
the least possible clearance, thus increasing the intensity of the magnetic field.

page_text: Now this present invention has for its object to reduce the cost of constructing
armatures of the type referred to and increase their efficiency.
We have discovered that any desired electro-motive force may be produced in a
dynamo machine of the type referred to, by means of a single layer only of
conductor wire upon the exterior cylindrical face of the armature, and the novelty
of this invention consists in winding such wire conductor in a single layer only
upon the exterior surface of the armature, so as to secure the advantages in
efficiency incidental thereto together with the greater cheapness thereof over
employing two or more layers.
The single layer of conductor wire of the armature is wound inside and outside
the iron core, as shewn at cc etc., as is common with this type of armature. In
figure 2 the wire is shewn wound only around a short part of the circumference of
the ring, for convenience of illustration. It will be seen that the single layer
occupies as little space as possible between the iron core and the magnets, and
leaves at least one half of the entire surface of the conductor (that is the outer
semi-circumference of the wire) exposed to the cooling effect of the air The
conductor may be wound, and connected with the commutator strips, according to
any convenient arrangement and manner, or it may be connected according to the
well known method introduced by Pacinotti.
By the use of a single layer the electrical resistance is reduced to a minimum,
and the opposing magnetism of the iron core at right angles to the main field, due
to the current flowing in the coils of the armature, and consequently also the heat
thus generated, is reduced to a minimum.
This invention applies to any armature of the type referred to and described, as
for instance the well known Gramme ring armature, but we prefer for the purpose
an armature constructed as described with reference to the illustrations, as the
true cylindrical form in which the iron core thereof is constructed and maintained
enables the single layer of conductor to be very readily employed with the pole-
pieces fixed within a very small distance of the iron core, and great intensity of
magnetic field to be thus obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Winding the wire conductor of a dynamo-electric machine armature of the
type herein described and illustrated by the drawings (that is of an armature
having the core or part around which the conductor is wound formed as a cylindrical
ring) inside and outside the iron core thereof, but in a single layer of wire only
upon the exterior cylindrical surface of such iron core, substantially as and for the
purpose herein described and shewn by the drawings.
2. Winding, in the manner referred to in claim 1, the wire conductor of a
dynamo-electric machine armature constructed with a framing formed of a number
of metal vanes or flat arms upon which a cylindrical iron wire core is wound in
any convenient manner, or upon which a core is formed by means of sheet iron
rings, substantially in the manner described, that is to say, winding such armature
inside and outside its iron core, but in a single layer of wire only upon the exterior
cylindrical surface of such iron core, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described and shewn by the drawings.
Dated this thirty-first day of October 1884.