matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO BOATS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crowley and Solomon
Blaiberg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th March 1874.
We, JOHN CROWLEY, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, and
SOLOMON BLAIBERG, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO
BOATS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in providing ships or other boats with an
inner freely suspended cradle in which the men having charge of or
using the boat sit. This cradle is formed somewhat after the manner or
form of the boat, and has free movement round centres fixed in its ends,
and is formed and weighted so that in the event of the boat capsizing or
being overturned it will always retain its normal position. For the
safety and protection of the men the said cradle is provided with a cover
formed in two parts, and pierced at its centre with an air hole (or holes).
The under sides of the boat are pierced with holes, and at its upper
edges covers of india-rubber are suitably secured; these covers are also
formed with holes. During a storm the said covers are securely fastened
'

page_text: over the cradle, but at other times they are removed, the india-rubber
covers being turned over the boat's sides.
In the event of the boat being capsized or overturned, the inner
covered cradle carrying the men always keeping its one position, the
men inside can easily return it to its proper position through the above
mentioned holes.
Among the numerous advantages derived from adapting ships or other
boats to this Invention the following may be mentioned :—
The cradle carrying the men cannot be capsized as the water has not
hold thereupon, and in the event of the boat being capsized it turns
completely round the covered cradle, and generally returns without any
further action to its proper position, the india-rubber covering aiding in
causing this. The water has but a very slight chance of gaining access
to the interior of the cradle whilst the holes give a continual supply of
air. The india-rubber will save the boat from much injury. And the
boat thus adapted can be used as an ordinary boat, in every way being
altogether safe,
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE WINDOWS OF HANSOM CABS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1874.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE WINDOWS OF HANSOM CABS," to be as
follows:
The object of this Invention is to simplify and facilitate the opening
and shutting by passengers of the windows of the cabs usually called or
known as "Hansom Cabs," and which have sloping doors.
The present method of adjusting the window by a string fastened to
the window and running through the top of the cab, not only places the
adjustment of the window under the control of the cabman, but offers no
ready means for partially opening the window. This difficulty is obviated
by the present Invention as follows:-In lieu of a cord or string passing
through the top and communicating with the outside of the vehicle as
hitherto, the string or cord passes immediately over a common pulley or
roller placed inside the cab under the position occupied by the present
hole or orifice, which is absolutely closed; the said cord runs or extends

page_text: from this first pulley or roller across the surface of the top of the cab
to another pulley or roller, preferably at the right-hand side of the
occupant of the cab, and from this second pulley the string hangs or is
conducted to a position just below the window; and by means of loops
and a button or nut, or other simple contrivance, the said cord can be
fixed and adjusted by the occupant of the cab at any point that may be
wished.
When desirous of letting down the window the occupant unhooks or
unbuttons the cord, and allows the window to fall abruptly or gradually,
entirely or partially down, as may be desired, and by means of the same
cord the window is raised and fastened, as before mentioned.
In some instances I employ three or more pulleys or rollers, as may be
found most convenient, and I may use any suitable form of pulley, and
vary the position of the cord according to the size or construction of the
cab or vehicle to which this Invention is applied.
THE IMPROVEMENT IN COOKING STOVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Savill Tomkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1874.
I, ALFRED SAVILL TOMKINS, of No. 29, Ladbroke Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE IMPROVEMENT IN COOKING STOVES," to be as follows:-
:-
My apparatus consists of several ovens and boilers so constructed that
when they are placed with their backs inwards a space is left in the
centre for the furnace. One of the boilers is used for a hot water supply
circulating with a reservoir. These boilers may be combined so as to
form only one boiler, or an oven may be substituted for one of the
boilers. Covering the ovens and boilers is a hot plate, and the draught
is admitted under such one or more of the ovens as may be necessary.
The smoke is carried away by a flue if a stove is used for domestic
purposes or in any enclosed space, but if used in the open no chimney is
necessary.
The advantages of this stove are that the consumption of fuel is com-

page_text: the surface heat are utilized. There is in fact every facility for cooking
either for a small or large number of people with the smallest possible
amount of fuel.
The apparatus is simple in construction; it is light and portable, and
can be easily adapted to any house or other inclosed space, or it can be
used as a portable camp cooking stove. It can also be easily repaired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Beecroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1874.
I, THOMAS BEECROFT, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable to chain stitch machines, and
consists in an arrangement of parts whereby the machine is rendered
very simple in construction, reducing the number of working parts,
rendering the machine less liable to get out of order, and reducing the
cost of constructing the same.
I dispense entirely with the needle bar and employ a reciprocating
arm, which I call the needle arm, this I mount by preference in centres
carried on the table of the machine. In combination with this radiating
arm I by preference employ a straight needle (though not necessarily so)
instead of a curved one. The needle arm being constructed in such a
manner, and the centres upon which it works mounted in such a
position, that a straight needle at the end of the arm can pass through

page_text: the work or material without any perceptible lateral movement. At
the opposite side of the centres on which the needle arm is carried I
provide a projection, in which is fixed a stud, through which motion is
given to the needle arm from an eccentric fixed on a shaft which passes
underneath the table, being transmitted thereto by a suitable connecting
rod. Other equivalent means may be employed for imparting the
required motion. On the end of the rotary shaft is attached a rotary
hook of the ordinary construction employed for chain stitch machines.
In order to tighten the thread as the needle is being withdrawn from the
work or material I fix an eye on the herein-before mentioned projection
on the needle arm, by which means the thread is tightened every stitch,
dispensing thereby with the tightening springs ordinarily used.
The required tension to the thread is given by preference on the
spindle or pin carrying the reel by ordinary means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES FOR LETTERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Jacobsohn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1874.
I, NOAH JACOBSOHN, of No. 15, Aldridge Road Villas, Westbourne
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES FOR LETTERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in envelopes for letters,
whereby, firstly, greater security is afforded against any fraudulent
opening of the letter, and secondly, whereby the act of stamping upon
the envelope the date of posting at the post office, causes such date to be
impressed upon the letter inside the envelope.
For the first-named purpose I construct the two side flaps of the
envelope with tongues at their extremities, which tongues when the
flaps are folded and gummed down on to the lower flap, project
downwards on the latter, covering each other; on the top flap I also
make a projecting tongue with a narrow neck, which tongue when the
flap is folded and gummed down covers the tongues on the side flaps,

page_text: and also overlaps these so as to adhere to the bottom flap.
By these
means if it be attempted to open the envelope by inserting a knife or
other instrument between the joints of the side flaps and the bottom
flap, the tongues on the former would be torn through, and thus an
indication would be given that the envelope had been opened. Also if it
be attempted to open the top flap in a like manner this could not be
readily done without tearing through the thin neck of its tongue. As a
further security I also in some cases form perforations on the tongue of
the top flap, so as to render it more fragile, such perforations being made
ornamental with any desired devices thereon in the manner of lace
paper. Furthermore I paint or impress the outer surfaces of the
tongues of the side flaps, or of the gummed edges thereof, or of the
tongue of the top flap, or of all or any of these parts with a colouring
matter, by preference a solution of milk or water with gum and any
soluble pigment that will readily dissolve on the application of moisture,
so that should it be attempted to open the envelope by moistening the
flaps, such colouring matter in becoming dissolved will be blotted on
handling the envelope, and would thus indicate the fact of the letter
having been tampered with.
For causing the date stamp of the post office to be impressed upon the
letter inside the envelope as before-mentioned I fix inside the letter at
the place where the date stamp is impressed a piece of carbon paper or
other transfer paper, so that when the date is impressed the carbon
paper will cause the impression to be transferred to the letter. By this
means positive evidence will be afforded on the letter itself of the date on
which it was posted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRONZING OR POWDERING PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND THE MECHANISM USED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crosland at the
. Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
23rd May 1874.
I, WILLIAM CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRONZING OR POWDERING PRINTED PAPERS
OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND THE MECHANISM USED THEREIN," to be as
follows:
"
,
In carrying out my improvements I use a cylinder working in a
horizontal position. Attached to this cylinder is a small gripper, similar
to the gripper of a printing machine, which takes hold of the paper and
carries the sheet round with the cylinder. On the top part of this
cylinder I place a quantity of bronze or other powder, which is kept in
its place by a circular brush revolving in an opposite direction to the
cylinder, so sweeping the powder round the periphery of the cylinder
and entirely over the paper, which is carried round by the gripper. Any
required number of rubbers or polishers can at the same timē be applied
to the cylinder.

page_text: I also apply a doffing comb to the circular brush to strip such brush
of any powder adhering thereto, and prevent it being carried round and
deposited on the finished work, the whole being cased in to prevent the
escape of the powder.
My improvements further relate to the construction of a stopping
and starting motion for controlling the before-mentioned'apparatus.
On the shaft of the cylinder I place a ratchet or toothed whiccl
running loose on the shaft and driven continuously. Near to this
ratchet wheel I place a disk or part of a disk keyed or otherwise made
fast to the spindle. . On this disk I mount a paul or catch working loose
on a pivot projecting from the disk or part disk before mentioned; so
that when the paul or catch before mentioned takes into the ratchet
wheel the disk or part disk is carried round and with it the cylinder.
In a convenient position a tappet is placed,, which strikes the catch as
it revolves, and so raising it out from the ratchet wheel allows such
ratchet wheel to continue its revolutions, whilst the disk and the cylinder
instantly stop..
To start the cylinder again I move the tappet, which may be actuated.
by the foot of the operator, which at once allows the catch to drop into
the ratchet wheel, and the disk and the cylinder are again put into
motion, and make one revolution when the catch again comes in contact
with the tappet, and the cylinder stops at exactly the same place.
An IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Smethurst at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1874.
I, ARTHUR SMETHURST, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTISING, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,”
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in advertising by means of samples and
models, so that the public can see and feel the nature and quality of the
materials or articles advertised.
The apparatus for exhibiting the samples consists of a tablet made of
wood or other material, and surrounded by an ornamental frame of
metal or other material.
The tablet contains ten or other convenient number of recesses in
which the samples of cloth or other material are placed, and one
sample in each recess is secured by glue or otherwise, and the other
samples are loose, so that they can be taken out, and they are provided

page_text: with labels containing the name and address of the advertizer, and any
other information.
The tablets when supplied with patterns, or the models, are placed in
any convenient position in hotels, railway stations, and carriages, or the
patterns may be attached to railway guides or other books; and the
tablets with the patterns can be also placed in omnibuses or in any
place of public resort, and any person can take a pattern and examino
the nature and quality of the material advertised before he gives an
order.
.
The tablets are replenished with fresh patterns when required, but in
the case of book advertising the samples are fixed.
AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE OR APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE IN CASE OF FIRES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR FACILITATING DESCENT OVER SHIPS' SIDES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Levy Leon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1874.
I, LEVY LEON, of Thornhill Road, Barnsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Curiosity Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE OR APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE IN
CASE OF FIRES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR FACILITATING DESCENT OVER SHIPS' SIDES, AND
FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the construction and application of an
apparatus which can be readily fitted to a window sill or ships' bulwark
or elsewhere, in order to enable a person to descend easily and safely.
It consists of one or more arms or brackets suitably supported or sustained,
and formed or fitted with grapnels, grips, forks, clutches, or similar
appliances for taking a firm hold of the window sill, bulwark, or other
supporting place.
The arms of brackets carry one or more properly protected pulleys,

page_text: These may carry seats or stands for the persons descending, and a person
can readily fit the article in place and descend.
The brackets or arms may be hinged or pivoted, so as to slew or swing
in the required direction, and they should project sufficiently to enable a
person using the article to clear the wall or bulwark as he descends.
The rope should be guided by a friction break to prevent too rapid a
descent, and to control or steady the motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SAME UPON A SHIP OR OTHER VESSEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1874.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of No. 8, Eastchcap, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF
THE SAME UPON A SHIP OR OTHER VESSEL," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to the steering of ships and other vessels and
consists chiefly in the placing of the rudder at the stem or fore end of
The wheel or other
the vessel instead of at the stern of the same.
controlling or adjusting medium is enclosed in a strongly built house or
erection over the bows of the vessel.
By this Invention a more perfect control of the vessel may be had,
the vessel's course may be changed much more rapidly and with less
effort than with the ordinary steering apparatus, and the vessel can be
turned round in a very short time and within a comparatively limited
space. The man at the wheel will have an uninterrupted view ahead,
and can therefore act more promptly in any emergency, and the employ.
ment of a look-out man in addition to the man at the wheel will be

page_text: unnecessary. And moreover the cost of fitting a vessel with a steering
apparatus according to my Invention will be considerably less than that
of fitting the same in the ordinary manner, and the wear and tear of the
apparatus will be diminished.
The rudder may be made of iron or wood and attached to a rudder
post at the stem, to which it may be secured in the usual manner. But
when constructing a vessel to be fitted with my improved steering
apparatus I make the stem at the lower part with a protuberance or
projection, behind or within which I place the rudder. Or the rudder
may be arranged outside or in front of the stem. In some instances I
construct the bows of the vessel with a recess, into which the rudder
may be withdrawn. The rudder is connected with a wheel by chains
or with other apparatus for adjusting the rudder. Or the rudder may
be operated by an ordinary bar. I provide the wheel or other apparatus
with pawls or stops, whereby the rudder may be locked in any
position.
The wheel house is fitted with glazed apertures or look-outs, through
which the man at the wheel can see clearly.
.
In some instances I provide both the stern and stem of the vessel
with rudders connected by chains with a wheel in the steering cabin at a
the centre of the said vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, DRESSING, AND WATERPROOFING WOOLLEN FABRICS COMMONLY KNOWN AS SANITARY CLOTH, AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Nicoll at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1874.
I, DONALD NICOLL, of 11, Oriental Place, Brighton, Esquire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING,
DRESSING, AND WATERPROOFING WOOLLEN FABRICS COMMONLY KNOWN AS SANITARY
CLOTH, AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in preparing, dressing, and water-
proofing woollen fabrics, commonly known as sanitary cloth and other
similar fabrics, relates to the use of certain compounds which I have
found to answer better for the purpose than those for which Letters
Patent were granted to me in the year 1872, dated respectively 16th
March, and 31st May, and Numbered 836 and 1657.
In the Specification of my Patent, No. 836, I described a process of
waterproofing woollen fabrics by mixing with alum and borax the
substance known as dextrine, but I have found in practice that the use
of this material has a tendency to stop up the interstices of the cloth,

page_text: and that it is difficult to remove the crystals which have become
deposited on the surface of the cloth.
My present Invention consists of using glycerine in combination with
soap or saponaceous substances as a compound for waterproofing woven
fabrics, and which I find answers better than the compounds named in |
my former Patents. I use glycerine in combination with soap or
saponaceous matters only or in combination with some substance which
will not only render the cloth waterproof but fireproof, and I apply the
compound to the back of the cloth, whereby the face of the cloth is
preserved in its original lustre and finish, and a better effect results than
when it is applied to the outer or finished side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry de Garrs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1874.
I, HENRY DE GARRS, Brass and Wood Turner, of No. 253, Victoria
Parade, Ecclesall Road, in the Township of Ecclesall Bierlow, in the
Borough of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES," to be as
follows:-
I divide this Invention into three parts to describe it :-
The first is an improvement in the skate blade, which may be applied
to all kinds of ordinary skates. I make a tooth or sharp projection at
the heel end of the skate blade. The object of this tooth is to prevent
the skater from being thrown upon his back. If the skater gets over-
balanced backwards, the tooth will cut into the ice and retard the
forward motion of the skate until the skater regains his forward balance.
The second part of my Invention consists in making a solid skate, that
is the skate blade and the clog (the part upon which the foot rests) out

page_text: of one piece of steel or other suitable material, such as steel and iron
combined. I take a piece of steel of suitable length and thickness for
the size of skate intended to be made, but about twice as broad as the
skate blade is required to be; thus, suppose the skate blade is to be 1**
inches broad I have the steel about 2 or three inches broad, I punch this
steel into the shape of a skate blade, cutting away all the surplus steel
excepting two portions; one portion is left the full breadth of the steel at
the heel end of the blade, and the other portion towards the toe end of it.
I slit these projecting portions in two and bend one half of each in
opposite directions; and these form the clog of the skate or rather answer
the same purpose as the wooden clog of an ordinary skate for the foot to
rest upon.
The third part of my Invention consists in making an adjustable skate
with clamps or clips to clasp the sides of the heel and sole of a boot. I
make a rim of steel in two halves nearly corresponding in shape with the 1
outline of a boot heel, each half of this rim has a raised part upon it to
form the clamp to clasp on each side of the boot heel. I secure one half
of this rim on each side of an ordinary skate blade with small screws at
the heel end. To adjust this rim so that the clamps shall fit tight to a
boot heel one or more thin washers or plates are inserted betwixt each
half of the rim and the skate blade before the screws are tightened. A
similar rim is made for the sole of the boot and adjusted and secured to
the skate blade in a similar manner. These rims also answer the
of the clog for the foot to rest upon.
purpose
The clamps herein described are not intended to fasten the skate to
the boot, their primary object is to prevent the skate frem slipping or
working sideways when in use; straps are still required for securing the
skate to the foot as in ordinary skates.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE COPYING PRESS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO AUTOGRAPHIC PRINTING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Lefevre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1874.
I, EDMOND LEFEVRE, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE COPYING PRESS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO AUTOGRAPHIC PRINTING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the construction of an improved portable
press for copying letters as follows:-This press is constructed of a plate
with four uprights connected together by a rigid frame, two of these
uprights are hinged, and allow of opening the apparatus for introducing
the letter copying book.
To produce the required pressure I employ an axis and handle con-
nected to two endless chains, so as to give a to-and-fro motion to a roller,
and cause it to press on the upper part of the upper frame, and press
down the letter copying book, thus producing the required impression.

page_text: The uprights are made screw-wise to permit of regulating the height of
the frame and also the pressure.
Instead of a letter copying book a lithographic stone or zinc plate
prepared for reproducing characters or drawings may be placed in the
press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS OR STRAPS USED FOR DRIVING MACHINERY OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George Ingram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1874.
I, JAMES GEORGE INGRAM, of Wilmer Gardens, Hoxton, in the County
of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS
OR STRAPS USED FOR DRIVING MACHINERY OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The novelty in the mode of manufacture consists in encasing in the
interior of any band or strap, made of india-rubber, gutta percha, leather,
or other materials continuous longitudinal flat strips of hoop iron or
other metal, or rods or wires of the same, such strips, rods, or wires
being parallel to one another, and of such width and thickness, of such a
number, and fixed at such distances apart as may be suitable to the
width or thickness of the band or strap required.

page_text: The utility of the Invention consists in preventing stretching, which
has hitherto been a defect inseparable from all bands or straps subjected
to strain, especially when new.
The article invented by me will be more durable, strong, and effective,
and at the same time thinner and lighter than heretofore produced, and
loss of time, bad work, and expense will be prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER TUBE SCRAPERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS · PATENT to John Collicott, of Boston, in the County of
Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, one of the United States
of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER TUBE
SCRAPERS."
Sealed the 11th September 1874, and dated the 15th July 1874.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Collicott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 15th July 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
COLLICOTT, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State of Massa-
chusetts, one of the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOLLER TUBE SCRAPERS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto,
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent

page_text: when the scraper enters a tube and the arms contract the left corner of
each scraping edge lies under the right corner of its neighbor. By
reference to Figure Five it will be scen that the line of the scraping-edge
from to vinclines downward so as to accomplish this result, and thus
protect the lower corner v. The upper corner is protected when
entering the tube by the general shape of the scraper from u to 8,
Figure Five, so both corners are prevented from breaking off. is the
chamber in the hub 6 attached at its upper end by means of rivets or
their equivalents. To each arm a is a spring c; this spring c extends
down into the chamber 6"; and bending back slightly into the shape
shown in Figures Two and Six presses against the side of the said
chamber: A very small portion only touches the hub in order that
the spring may not become heated.. These four springs c serve to
spread the arms a and keep them firmly apart. In order to more
perfectly protect the spring c in their chamber 6" a partition e is cast at
the mouth of the chamber, thus making it nearly tight. The arms a
are kept from flying apart by the ring which encircles them lying in
notches & cut for the purpose in the arms a.
If desired the ring / may
be done away with and a projection or ledge a" (see Figure Six) may be
cast in the arm lying over the hub. This would accomplish the purpose
h

page_text: Fourth. In combination with the arms a having notches / the ring h
encircling the said arms, substantially 'as and for the purpose herein-
before specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Collicott, liave hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF TREATING AND CLARIFYING IMPURE OR WASTE WATER FROM FULLING MILLS, SCOURING MILLS, OR SCOURING PROCESSES, DYE HOUSES, SEWAGE, OR OTHER IMPURE WATERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hallsworth and Richard
Bailes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th July 1874.
We, SAMUEL HALLSWORTH, of Armley, near Leeds, and RICHARD
BAILES, of Woodhouse Carr, Leeds, both in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR METHOD OF TREATING AND CLARIFYING IMPURE OR WASTE WATER FROM FULLING
MILLS, SCOURING MILLS, OR SCOURING PROCESSES, DYE HOUSES, SEWAGE, OR OTHER
IMPURE WATERS," to be as follows:-
The modes of treating impure waters for clarifying purposes are as
hereafter described.
We pass the impure or discoloured water into a tank or receiver of
any required size. We then add in accordance with the amount of
impurity or discolouration of the water a quantity of either bi-sulphate
of iron manufactured from iron pyrites or a mixed solution of sulphuric
acid and iron obtained from the beds of coal and iron pyrites in various
parts of Great Britain and elsewhere, or sulphuric acid mixed with the
"mother liquor" left after crystallization of copperas, or a mixture of

page_text: sulphuric acid with other equivalent or suitable solution of iron, or of a
solution of copperas and sulphuric acid.
After the ingredients have been placed in the water the whole must
be stirred up or agitated by this means, the impurities become separated
The t
from the water and are precipitated to the bottom of the tank.
clear water is then allowed to pass off, leaving the sediment or dis-
colouring matter behind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN- FIRE-BARS USED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephenson and James
Pickup at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th April 1874.
We, JOHN STEPHENSON and JAMES PICKUP, both of Tong, near
Bradford, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN-
FIRE-BARS USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object,—
Firstly. An improved form of fire-bar and improved bearings or
supports for such bars, and the construction of furnaces in such manner
as to secure the consumption of smoke.
Secondly. An improved construction of rocking bars for furnaces.
The bars I construct on cross section somewhat in the form of a
triangle, or they may be rectangular or square on section; portions
thereof are cut away forming recesses at cach side and underneath the
bar, so that these portions will rest on pipes, tubes, or waterway bearings
which form the supports of the bar; the pipes, or tubes; or waterway
bearings extend longitudinally the length of the furnace, and are con-

page_text: nected at each end with closed boxes; and the said pipes or tubes or water-
way casings are likewise connected with the lower and upper water spaces
of the boiler, so as to secure a circulation of water through the whole of
these pipes or casings. The water in the lower water space of the boiler
being lowest in temperature will on entering the pipes or tubes become
heated and circulate through to the upper water space, so furnishing
increased heating surface and providing a comparatively cool bearing for
the furnace bars. The flue or flues of the boiler at the bridge will be
closed at the top, so that the draught will be downwards, drawing the
smoke through the fire.
The rocking bars we construct, having a longitudinal central piece and
projecting short bars or fingers, at or about right angles thereto, leaving
sufficient space between the several projecting bars, so as to admit of
like projections on the next bar entering the several spaces of the
adjoining bar and air space as well. On the bars being rocked or moved
by any of the ordinary appliances for such purposes, the projecting or
side bars will break up the fire resting thercon and on the intervening
bars and space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE VIBRATION OR RATTLING OF SLIDING WINDOWS AND FOR RETAINING THEM IN VARIOUS POSITIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
July 1874.
J, HENRY MORGAN, of No. 74, Aubin Street, Waterloo Road, in
the County of Surrey, Coach Trimmer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE
VIBRATION OR RATTLING OF SLIDING WINDOWS AND FOR RETAINING THEM IN
VARIOUS POSITIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
preventing the vibration or rattling of sliding windows and for retaining
them in various positions. For this purpose I adapt to the window
frame a bar provided with holding projections having ledges, and with
antifriction wheels or rollers.
By the action of suitable springs the holding projections are caused
to press against the window sash at one side, thus pressing it against
the opposite sides of the recess in the window frame, so that the sash is
squeezed and held as in a vice between the holding projections of the
bar and the sides of the recess.

page_text: When the window is in its closed position parts of the holding
projections pass under the sash and form supporting ledges, whilst other
portions of the holding projections press against the side of the sash and
hold it against the opposite sides of the recesses in the frame, as above
described, to prevent rattling. The peripheries of the antifriction wheels
or rollers are made to project slightly beyond the pressing surfaces of
the holding projections, and the vertical portions of the sash are formed
or provided at intervals with recesses to receive these projecting portions
of the antifriction wheels or rollers, so as to permit the pressing surfaces
of the holding projections to bear against the sash for holding it partly
open.
When raising or lowering the window the bar with its holding
projections and antifriction wheels or rollers is held back by one hand
of the operator on a suitable knob or handle, whilst the sash is raised or
lowered with the other hand, and the antifriction wheels or rollers will
prevent the holding projections from bearing against and scratching or
injuring the sash whilst it is being so moved.
I sometimes provide springs in the frame to prevent vibration of the
unner portion of the window when closed.
Im- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Oppenheimer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1874.
I, JOSEPH OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to those electric telegraph instruments in which
the message is recorded upon a strip of paper or other material which is
caused to travel.
According to the usual arrangement each instrument is provided with
clockwork, by which the said travelling motion is effected.
By my Invention I give motion to the paper or other material by
means which are independent to the instrument. Thus when several
instruments are required I arrange them in a line parallel to a rotating

page_text: shaft, which I connect by bands and pullies or other such apparatus
to a roller or rollers, over which the strip of paper or other material
passes.
Each of the instruments has a separate clutch, by means of which
the attendant can arrest the motion of the strip when it is not in use.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burch and Archibald
Thom at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th October 1874.
We, WILLIAM BURCH, Saddler, and ARCHIBALD THOM, Mechanical
Engineer, both of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDLES," to be as follows, that is to say:
66
1
This Invention which relates to improvements in the construction of
saddles, has for its object to render the trees or frames adjustable to the
withers and backs of horses of various sizes, and without appreciably
affecting the seat. The gullet plate or "fore arch" and the "castle"
or rear arch," are each composed of two curved arms made of steel or
other suitable metal, and at their lower ends are firmly secured to the
sides bars while their upper ends which are formed in the shape of jaws
partially embrace small rollers or cylinders lying longitudinally in oups
which are held in position by pins passing through the under side of the
jaws of the arms of the arches, and firmly secured at one end by screwing
them either into one side of the cup or into nuts. The rollers or
cylinders which are partly embraced by the jaws of the arms as

page_text: aforesaid, are vertically bored and tapped and screws passed there-
through. The lower ends of these screws fit into connical sockets
formed in the bottoms of the cups and are free to turn therein, and
towards their upper ends they are furnished with shoulders which fit into
corresponding recesses formed in the under sides of the covers, which are
secured over the upper sides of the cup through which the extreme upper
ends of the said screws project, and are shaped to fit a key of convenient
form. Hinges are thus formed, and according as the screw is operated
by the application of the key the rollers are worked up or down in the
cups, and are caused to exert a pressure on the upper or lower lips of the
jaws formed in the arms of the arches, and these latter pivotting in
the pins which pass through the cups as herein-before described draw
the side bars towards each other or force them further apart to the extent
requisite to securely fit the back and withers of the horse. The seat
is secured at the front to the arms of "the gullet plate" or
." fore
arch," and at the back to a curved plate placed immediately in
front of the "castle" or rear arch," so that in the expansion and con-
traction of the tree the degree to which the seat is effected is almost
inappreciable.
6
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING GASES FROM SEWERS, AND EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION THEREOF
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Matthews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1874.
I, HENRY MATTHEWS, of Rowallan Villa, Cotham Brow, Bristol, in
the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING
GASES FROM SEWERS, AND EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION THEREOF," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved arrangements and apparatus
for removing gases from sewers, and effecting the consumption thereof,
and is designed to prevent the introduction of deleterious gases into
dwellings and other buildings by reducing the pressure in the sewers,
and burning the gas removed therefrom so as to render the same
innocuous. To this end I establish communication between the interior
of the sewer and suitable orifices or outlets arranged in proximity to the
flames of gas lamps or to other flames, whereby the escape of the sewage
gas is promoted and its. consumption is effected as it issues from the
orifices or outlets.
.
IMPROVED MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dawber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1874.
.
I, THOMAS DAWBER, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MODES
OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to those modes of warming and heating in
which the exhaust steam from the engine, or water heated by the
exhaust steam, or by steam direct from the boiler passes through
horizontal pipes communicating with vertical pipes attached to basins,
receptacles, or warmers in the several carriages, and consists mainly in
an improved mode or arrangement for enabling the horizontal pipes of
the several carriages to communicate with each other in a very simple
and effective manner by self acting arrangements, without the necessity
of using couplings, unions, or valves, or the attention or manipulation of
the porters or workpeople.

page_text: In the centre of each carriage at the top or bottom there is a hori-
zontal pipe, having at each end a circular mouth or receptacle mounted
with a packing of india-rubber or other suitable packing, and each of
these pipes communicate with vertical pipes, which enter the several
compartments of the carriages, and are terminated by vessels, chambers,
or warmers of any required shape or description, and the proper positions
of the horizontal pipes are maintained longitudinally according to the
varying distances of the carriages apart by springs and their positions
with the vertical pipes by suspended arms and weights, and the steam
when the carriages are connected passes first into the horizontal pipes,
and from them through slots into the vertical pipes to the carriages.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN HORSE HAY FORKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1874. A communication from abroad by Jonathan G. Williams, of
Fellowship, Burlington County, State of New Jersey, in the United
States of America.
I, JAMES HUNT, of Brinsop Court, in the County of Hereford, Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN HORSE HAY FORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of horse hay fork consisting
of pointed vertical bars to which are hinged lateral prongs that are
brought into line with the vertical bars when these are thrust into the
hay and are then turned so as to project laterally and thus lay hold of a
quantity of hay in order to convey it from a cart to the stack, the fork
being suspended from a rope passing over a pulley and hauled by horse
or other power.
According to the present improvement the fork is constructed of a bar
bent into the form of an inverted U suspended with its limbs downwards,
which are pointed, or it may be formed of two pointed vertical bars
.

page_text: connected at their upper part by one or more transverse pieces, the
space between the two bars or limbs being of such width as to receive the
charge of hay to be lifted. Near the lower pointed end of each limb is
hinged a prong which can be turned so as either to lie in line with the
limb at the time the fork is inserted into the mass of hay, or to project
horizontally into the space between the limbs and so to retain above
them the charge of hay. In order that the prongs may be thus turned
they have arms extending beyond the pivots by which they are mounted
on the limbs, and these arms are connected by links to levers mounted
on the upper part of the fork, which levers are worked by cords
extending down to be within reach of the workman; who according as
he pulls or slacks the cords is thus enabled to turn the prongs to their
horizontal or vertical position, so as to hold or let go the charge of
hay.
It is preferred to make each limb of the fork of two bars parallel, with
a space between them, in which-is mounted the prong.
The fork constructed and operating as above described is applicable
also to straw or other produce of like kind as well as to hay for
transferring it from the field or from a cart to a stack or waggon.
AN INPROVED UNDER COUCH ROLLER TO BE USED IN THAT PAPER-MAKING MACHINES COMMONLY CALLED AMERICAN OR CLASS OF 'YANKEE.''
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Craig, of Newbattle Mills, in the County
of Mid Lothian, North. Britain, Paper Manufacturer, for the In-
vention of "AN INPROVED UNDER COUCH ROLLER TO BE USED IN THAT
PAPER-MAKING MACHINES COMMONLY CALLED AMERICAN OR
CLASS OF
'YANKEE.''
"
Sealed the 25th September 1874, and dated the 25th Julý 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Craig at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1874.
I, ROBERT CRAIG, of Newbattle Mills, in the County-of-Mid-Lothian,-
North Britain, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "AN IMPROVED UNDER COUCH ROLLER TO BE USED IN THAT
CLASS OF PAPER-MAKING MACHINES COMMONLY CALLED AMERICAN OR 'YANKEE.'”
to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to improvements in that class of nanar-

page_text: making machines commonly called "American" or "Yankee," consists
in constructing the under couch roller in the form of a hollow perforated
cylinder, which may be of cast or wrought metal, or of wood, or of
other material suitable therefor. A cylindrical surface is given to the
roller by turning it in a lathe, or by other convenient means. A true 5
and even surface is thus presented to the travelling wiro cloth web,
which passes over it and partly round it, bearing the paper pulp in its
passage from the vat to the press roller.
The construction of under couch rollers as at present in use precludes
the obtaining and maintaining of a true and even surface owing to the 1
Liability to derangement of the coils of wire of which they are composed,
and the consequent presentation of an uneven surface to the wire cloth
web, causing injury to both the latter and the pulp superposed thereon,
and necessitating frequent repairs. Under this Invention theso dis-
advantages are obviated, and simplicity, efficiency, and durability are 1
The perforations serve as air spaces in a more efficient manner than
the interstices between the coils of wire of the under couch rollers now
in usc.
The roller journals may be made in one piece with the roller, or
formed separately and attached thereto by any suitable means.