Year: 1896

page_text: I, FRITZ BRUTSCHKE, of 142 Kantstrasse, Charlottenburg, in the German
Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improved means of fixing or securing ploughs driven
by means of wire ropes.
By the introduction into agriculture of electrical transmission of power attention
has again been turned to those mechanical ploughs in which electricity is the
motive force. A simple imitation of the two machine steam plough, which is
more portable and more easily set up than other types, does not produce the same
results with electrically driven ploughs because the two motor carriages or cars
give rise to difficulties in transport and require two conductors or cables, so that a
single type of motor which is very portable is easily set up and which is driven by
simple means would offer several advantages in agriculture
The chief difficulty lies in fixing or securing the implement at the end of the
field opposite the motor carriage. Hitherto this has been effected by means of
carriages the wheels of which penetrate into the ground. The uncertainty of this
method, however, caused disturbances in the transmission to avoid which recourse
was had to the inconvenient method of running a wire rope round the field
although there is no doubt that the only convenient transmission and the one
that yields uninterrupted work is the wire rope passed back parallel over the field.
The fixing or anchoring carriages have a tendency, when the plough rope is
strongly pulled, to tip and their resistance to lateral movement is diminished.
They also shift their direction as the work goes on as they gradually approach the
motor. It, therefore requires expenditure of time and work to constantly keep
them in the proper position.
According to this invention the fixing of the plough is effected by means of
strong ground anchors which automatically enter the ground according to the
tension in the rope and which provide against the anchors entering the ground on
the ineline by means of three or more flukes or arms arranged on a broad base.
This anchor provides a perfectly secure hold as hereinafter described.
When the rope is passed parallel from one side of the field to the other and
back the fixing device has to withstand the double pull of the same. Assuming
the resistance of the ground to the plough and to the fixing device per unit of
surface of the vertical plane to be the same it follows that this surface must bo
twice as large for the fixing device as for the plough. The wheels of the old
fixing carriages grip the ground for about 20 centimetres for wheels of about
70 centimetres diameter. Each segment, therefore, gives a surface of about
900 square centimetres and, as four wheels are used, the total resistance surface is
about 3600 square centimetres.
Suitably constructed anchors properly handled can easily he caused to penetrate

page_text: to from 70 to 80 centimetres into the ground. The breadth can be made of any
suitable extent according to the number of flukes or arms. Assuming this breadth
to be 200 m. the surface of the vertical plane is 16000 square centimetres. Such
an anchor would offer sufficient resistance for a four share deep plough of 1-6 m.
breadth and 60 centimetres depth of cut and it must be remembered that the
resistance of the ground increases with the increase in the depth of the cut so
that the resistance is greater per unit of surface for the anchor which penetrate
80 centimetres than for the aforesaid wheels which only penetrate 20 centimetres.
When the anchor enters the ground it makes a slight movement in the direction
of the plough rope which must be compensated for at every to and fro movement
of the plough if the distance between the anchor and motor is not to become
gradually less. Furthermore the anchor must be moved laterally for every furrow
and tho cable guide pulley or roller must also be similarly moved.
In the case of smaller ploughs the adjustment of the position of the anchor is
effected by the attendant and the movement of the guide roller by the movement
of the plough rope. In the case of larger ploughs the anchor is too heavy to be
so manipulated and the plough rope is therefore utilised for this purpose.
In carrying out my invention the anchor is connected with the pulley or roller
by means of a chain of constant length so that the horizontal movements of the two
must be similar.
The movement of the plough rope is transmitted to a shaft by means of the roller
through the medium of bevel and spur gearing whereby the said shaft winds two
chains and thereby raises the anchor, which is suspended to a crane like device
from the ground.
In one form of my invention the connection between the roller and anchor
serves to equilibrate the horizontal components of the force by means of a small
carriage of suitable shape so that only a vertical force acts on the same. This
carriage is arranged to slide in the direction of the plough rope between two
[-iron guides. A third chain is attached to the shaft, the said chain being de-
signed when wound on the shaft to pull the small carriage and the anchor and
pulley or roller backwards. This movement is effected simultaneously with the
raising of the anchor. The whole is supported on a carriage with four wheels
mounted on ordinary axles, the front one of which is pivoted. The said carriage
is then laterally moved for the next furrow, the movement being effected by the
movements of the plough rope in one of two ways firstly by winding a rope which
is attached to a second anchor on a small drum or secondly by actuating the rear
wheels the rotation of which moves the carriage forward as in the case of the well
known road locomotives.
The operation of this type of implement is as follows:---
When the plough is pulled towards the anchoring device by the motor carriage;
the anchor enters the ground to such a depth that it resists the total pull on the
rope roller or pulley. The supporting carriage is not subjected to any fateral pull.
When the plough is pulled backwards towards the motor carriage the anchor
has only to resist the pull of the loose rope so that it is raised from the ground
by the rotation of the shaft and is simultaneously moved backwards with the rope
pulley, and the carriage is moved laterally for the next furrow. The pull of the
loose rope must be taken up by the said carriage. When the carriage has been
moved far enough the anchor again enters the ground. The movement of the
different parts of the machine is effected by means of couplings and pawls operated
by an attendant.
In a second form or example of my invention the movement of the anchor is
effected in a different manner. The anchor and rope pulley rest on a carriage
frame the four wheels of which are supported in fork or other bearings which can
automatically adjust themselves on vertical axles for every direction of motion.
A second smaller anchor, adapted to be operated by hand, is connected by means
of a chain to a second shaft which is operated from the rope pulley by means of
bevel gear.

page_text: The operation is as follows:-
When the plough is pulled towards the anchoring device, the anchor grips in the
ground and securely holds the pulley and the carriage frame. The smaller anchor
is, for the next furrow, shifted laterally and somewhat backwards.
When the plough returns towards the motor carriage and anchor is first lifted
out of the ground by the rotation of the pulley or roller. When the anchor is
raised the carriage frame makes a lateral movement on the chain connected to
the smaller anchor in the arc of a circle until it is in a line with the said smaller
anchor and the rope. Then, by winding the chain on the second shaft, the whole
carriage with the anchor and rope pulley is pulled towards the smaller anchor until
the anchor again enters the ground when the smaller anchor is moved for the next
furrow. The latter anchor has only to support the pull of the loose rope so that
it may be small to allow of it being moved by hand without difficulty.
The first type or example above described can be modified by arranging a second
shaft near the first shaft, the said second shaft being adapted to wind a chain
which holds the anchor. By winding up the said chain the anchor is caused to
enter the ground and is rigidly connected with the carriage frame. In this case
the pulley or roller is connected to the carriage and its resistance utilised to support
the lateral pull of the rope.
The motor carriage must be provided with two druns for winding the rope and
the driving power may be a steam, petroleum, benzine or electromotor or the like.
Dated this 29th day of August 1896.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
I, FRITZ BRUTSCHKE, of 142 Kantstrasse, Charlottenburg, in the German
Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improved means of fixing or securing ploughs driven
by means of wire ropes.
By the introduction into agriculture of electrical transmission of power attention
has again been turned to those mechanical ploughs in which electricity is the
motive force. A simple imitation of the two machine steam plough, which is
more portable and more easily set up than other types, does not produce the same
results with electrically driven ploughs because the two motor carriages or cars
give rise to difficulties in transport and require two conductors or cables, so that a
single type of motor which is very portable, is easily set up and which is driven by
simple means would offer several advantages in agriculture.
The chief difficulty lies in fixing or secuting the implement at the end of the
field opposite the motor carriage. Hitherto this has been effected by means of
carriages the wheels of which grip the ground. The uncertainty of this
method, however, caused disturbances in the transmission to avoid which recourse
was had to the inconvenient method of running a wire rope round the field
although there is no doubt that the only convenient transmission and the one
whereby uninterrupted work can be obtained is the wire rope passed back parallel
over the field.
The fixing or anchoring carriages have a tendency, when a considerable force is
exerted by the hauling-rope, to tip and their resistance to lateral movement is

page_text: diminished. They also shift their direction as the work goes on and as they
gradually approach the motor. It therefore requires expenditure of time and
labour to constantly keep them in the proper position.
According to this invention the fixing of the plough is effected by means of
strong ground anchors which automatically enter the ground to a depth depending
on the tension in the rope and which are prevented from entering the ground
on the incline by means of three or more flukes or arms arranged on a broad base.
This anchor provides a perfectly secure hold as hereinafter described.
When the hauling-rope is passed parallel from one side of the field to the other
and back the fixing device has to withstand the double pull of the same. Assum-
ing the resistance of the ground to the passage of the share and to the anchoring
device per unit of surface of the vertical plane to be the same it follows that this
surface must be twice as large for the anchoring device as for the share. The
wheels of the old fixing carriages grip the ground for about 20 centimetres for
wheels of about 70 centimetres diameter. Each segment, therefore, gives a surface
of about 900 square centimetres and, as four wheels are used, the total resistant
surface is about 3600 square centimetres.
Suitably constructed anchors properly handled can easily be caused to penetrato
to from 70 to 80 centimetres into the ground. The breadth can be made of any
suitable extent according to the number of flukes or arms. Assuming this breadth
to be 2.00 m the surface of the vertical plane is 16000 square centimetres. Such
an anchor would offer sufficient resistance for a four share deep plough of 1-6 m.
breadth and 50 centimetres depth of cut and it must be remembered that the
resistance of the ground increases with the increase in the depth of the cut so
that the resistance is greater per unit of surface for the anchor which penetrates
80 centimetres than for the aforesaid wheels which only penetrate 20 centimetres.
When the anchor enters the ground it makes a slight movement in the direction
of the plough rope which must be compensated for at every to-and-fro movement
of the plough if the distance between the anchor and motor is not to become
gradually less. Furthermore the anchor must be moved laterally for every furrow
and the cable guide pulley or roller must also be similarly moved.
In the case of smaller ploughs the adjustment of the position of the anchor in
effected by the attendant and the movement of the guide roller by the movement
of the hauling-rope. In the case of larger ploughs the anchor is too heavy to be
so manipulated and the hauling-mpe is therefore utilised for this purpose.
To enable my invention to he fully understood I will describe it by reference, to
the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section in the direction of the plough rope of a plough
having my improvements applied thereto :
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the method in which a field is
ploughed by means of my improved implement.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are views similar to Figures 1, 2 and 3 respectively
illustrating a slight modification.
The anchor a is connected with the pulley or roller b by means of a chain of
constant length so that the horizontal movements of the two must be similar.
The movement of the hauling-rope is transmitted to a shaft by means of the
pulley through the medium of bevel and spur gearing wherely the said shaft
winds two chains d and d and thereby raises the anchor a, which is suspended to
a crane like device from the ground."
In the form of my invention illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 the connection
between the pulley and anchor a serves to equilibrate the horizontal components
of the force applied to the plough by means of a small carriage f of suitable shape
so that only a vertical force acts on the same. This carriage f is arranged to slide
in the direction of the plough rope between two [-iron guides and g. A
third chninis attached to the shaft c. the said chain being designed when wound
on the shaft to pull the carriage and the anchor a and pulley or roller & back-
ત્

page_text: wards. This movement is effected simultaneously with the raising of the anchor a.
The whole is supported on a carriage with four wheels i, 2, 3, 23 mounted on
ordinary axles, the front one of which is pivoted. The said carriage is then
laterally moved for the next furrow, the movement being effected by the movement
of the hauling-rope in one of two ways; firstly by winding a rope k which is
attached to a second auchor, on a small drum m or secondly by actuating the
rear wheels the rotation of which moves the carriage forward as in the case of the
well known road locomotives.
The operation of this type of implement is as follows:-
When the plough Figure 3 is drawn towards the anchoring device by the motor
carriage the anchor a enters the ground to such a depth that it resists the total
pull on the rope roller or pulloy. The supporting carriage is not subjected to any
lateral pull.
When the plough is pulled backwards towards the motor carriage the anchor
has only to resist the pull of the loose rope so that it is raised from the ground by
the rotation of the shaft c aud is simultaneously moved backwards with the rope
pulley, and the carriage is moved laterally for the next furrow. The pull of the
loose rope must be taken up by the said carriago. When the carriage has been
moved far enough the auchor again. enters the ground. The movements of the
different parts of the machine are effected by means of couplings and pawls operated
by an attendant.
In the form of my invention illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 the movement of
the anchor a is effected in a different manner. The anchor a and rope pulley b
rest on a carriage frame the four wheels of which are supported in fork or other
bearings which can automatically adjust themselves on vertical axles for every,
direction of motion. A second smaller anchor n, adapted to be operated by hand,
is connected by means of a chain o to a second shaft which is operated from
the rope pulley by means of bevel gear.
The operation is as follows:-
When the plough is pulled towards the anchoring device, the anchor a grips in
the ground and securely holds the pulley b and the carriage frame. The smaller
anchor n is, for the next furrow, shifted laterally and somewhat backwards.
When the plough returns towards the motor carriage the anchor a is first lifted
out of the ground by the rotation of the pulley or roller band after it is raised
the carriage frame makes a lateral movement on the chain o in the arc of a circle
until it is in a line with the anchor and the rope. Then, by winding the chain
on the shaft p, the whole carriage, with the anchor a and rope pulley b is drawn
towards the smaller anchor » until the anchor a again enters the ground when
the anchor is moved for the next furrow. The latter anchor has only to support
the pull of the loose rope so that it may be small to allow of it being moved by hand
without difliculty.
The first type or example above described can be modified by arranging a second
shaft near the shafte the said second shaft being adapted to wind a chain which
holds the anchor a. By winding up the said chain the anchor is caused to enter
the ground and is rigidly connected to the carriage frame. In this case the pulley b
is connected to the carriage and its resistance utilised to support the lateral pull
of the rope.
The motor carriage must be provided with two drums for winding the rope and
the driving power may be a steam, petroleum, benzine, or electromotor or the like.
The advantages of my anchoring device are as follows:-
1. It enables the rope to be arranged parallel whereby a surface of any extent.
can be ploughed uninterruptedly
2. The length of rope used is the minimum possible.
3. With steam and petroleum motora transport and erection are effected in the
shortest possible time and in the ease of erection without the employment of
stretching or tension devices as with the two-machine steam plough.
4. With electric ploughs only one conducting cable is necessary.

page_text: 5. The cost of maintenance is considerably reduced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. An anchoring device for ploughs driven by a wire rope, such device consisting
of a ground anchor having several strong flukes or arms and of a rope pulley or
roller which are both connected to a carriage frame in such a manner that the rope
operates a device for raising the anchor out of the ground and for moving it in the
direction of the furrow away from the machine to enable the anchor to be shifted
and also to compensate for the movement of the same towards the machine caused
by its entering the ground and so prevent the gradual shortening of the furrows
substantially as described.
2. In a device of the kind described in Clain I arranging the pulley or roller,
and anchor to slide in the carriage in the direction of the movement of the plough
as described.
3. In a device of the kind described in Claim 1 providing the carriage with
wheels mounted on vertical axles and causing it to move backwards and forwards
by gearing in connection with the pulley or roller, as described.
4. The improvements in and connected with ploughs hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 21st day of V 1007
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: wards. This movement is effected simultaneously with the raising of the anchor a.
The whole is supported on a carriage with four wheels i,,, mounted on
ordinary axles, the front one of which is pivoted. The said carriage is then
laterally moved for the next furrow, the movement being effected by the movement
of the hauling-rope in one of two ways; firstly by winding a rope k which is
attached to a second anchor (, on a small drum m or secondly by actuating the
rear wheels the rotation of which moves the carriage forward as in the case of the
well known road locomotives.
The operation of this type of implement is as follows:-
When the plough Figure 3 is drawn towards the anchoring device by the motor
carriage the anchor a enters the ground to such a depth that it resists the total
pull on the rope roller or pulley. The supporting carriage is not subjected to any
lateral pull.
When the plough is pulled backwards towards the motor carringe the anchor
has only to resist the pull of the loose rope so that it is raised from the ground by
the rotation of the shuft c and is simultaneously moved backwards with the rope
pulley, and the earringe is moved laterally for the next furrow. The pull of the
loose rope must be taken up by the said carriage. When the carriage has heen
moved far enough the anchor again enters the ground. The movements of the
different parts of the machine are effected by means of couplings and pawls operated
by an attendant.
In the form of my invention illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 the movement of
the anchor a is effected in a different manner. The anchor a and rope pulley b
rest on a carriage frame the four wheels of which are supported in fork or other
bearings which can automatically adjust themselves on vertical axles for every,
direction of motion. A second smaller anchor n, adapted to be operated by hand,
is connected by means of a chain o to a second shaft p which is operated from
the rope pulley by means of bevel gear.
The operation is as follows:-
When the plough is pulled towards the anchoring device, the anchor a grips in
the ground and securely holds the pulley b and the carriage frame. The smaller
anchor n is, for the next furrow, shifted faterally and somewhat backwards.
When the plough returns towards the motor carriage the anchor a is first lifted
out of the ground by the rotation of the pulley or roller 6 and after it is raised
the carriage frame makes a lateral movement on the chain o in the arc of a circle
until it is in a line with the anchor a and the rope. Then, by winding the chain
on the shaft p, the whole carriage, with the anchor a and rope pulley 6 is drawn
towards the smaller anchor until the anchor a again enters the ground when
the anchor n is moved for the next furrow. The latter anchor has only to support
the pull of the loose rope so that it may be small to allow of it being moved by hand
without difficulty.
The first type or example above described can be modified by arranging a second
shaft near the shafte the said second shaft being adapted to wind a chain which
holds the anchor a. By winding up the said chain the anchor is caused to enter
the ground and is rigidly connected to the carriage frame. In this case the pulley b
is connected to the carriage and its resistance utilised to support the lateral pull
of the rope.
The motor carriage must be provided with two drums for winding the rope and
the driving power may he a steam, petroleum, benxine, or electromotor or the like.
The advantages of my anchoring device are as follows:-
1. It enables the rope to be arranged parallel whereby a surface of any extent
can be ploughed uninterruptedly.
2. The length of rope used is the minimum possible.
3. With steam and petroleum motors transport and erection are effected in the
shortest possible time and in the case of erection without the employment of
stretching or tension devices as with the two-machine steam plough.
4. With electric ploughs only one conducting cable is necessary.

page_text: 6. The cost of maintenance is considerably reduced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An anchoring device for ploughs driven by a wire rope, such device consisting
of a ground anchor having several strong flukes or arms and of a rope pulley or
roller which are both connected to a carriage frame in such a manner that the rope
operates a device for raising the anchor out of the ground and for moving it in the
direction of the furrow away from the machine to enable the anchor to be shifted
and also to compensate for the movement of the same towards the machine caused
by its entering the ground and so prevent the gradual shortening of the furrows
substantially as described.
2. In a device of the kind described in Claim 1 arranging the pulley or roller,
and anchor to slide in the carriage in the direction of the movement of the plough
as described.
3. In a device of the kind described in Claim 1 providing the carriage with
wheels mounted on vertical axles and causing it to move backwards and forwards
by gearing in connection with the pulley or roller, as described.
4. The improvements in and connected with ploughs hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
pay 1001
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.