IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1882.
CHRISTOPHER TURNER of Colne, in the County of Lancaster.
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"1
IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has reference firstly to the letting off mechanism and the object
thereof is to arrange and combine certain parts so that the warp will be let off the
beam uniformly, and kept at the same tension notwithstanding the varying
diameter of the beam. For this purpose I place an antifriction bowl or roller on
the warp of the beam, the bowl being connected to the top of a vertical bar having
rack teeth formed thereon. In gear with this rack is a segment, which is also in gear
with another rack, placed horizontally so that as the warp on the beam gets less in
diameter the vertical rack lowers and moves the segment in such manner that the
horizontal rack is slided endwise. In connection with the horizontal rack is a
cone or tapering boss the angle of which is made to correspond with the varying
diameter of the warp on the beam, this cone is placed on a rocking shaft and by
means of a key in a groove is capable of sliding end wise thereon when operated
by the horizontal rack, the rocking shaft receiving its motion from the tappit shaft
by crank or cam, so that at each rocking movement of the cone, a catch in gear
with a ratchet wheel is operated, communicating motion to a pair of bevil wheels
and to a worm shaft in gear with a wheel on the warp beam by which means the
warp is let off in a regular and uniform rate the tension thereof being the same.
throughout its length. The worm shaft is extended to the front of the loom on
which is placed a hand wheel so that the weaver can reverse the parts for broken
picks.
Secondly The Invention has reference to the taking up mechanism employed in
winding the cloth onto the beam, the object of the improvements being to wind on

page_text: the cloth with equal pressure from end to end and for this purpose I employ in
combination with the letting off mechanism previously described a cam on the
tappet shaft which at each revolution operates a lever and catch in gear with the
taking up wheels. On this lever is a boss capable of sliding thereon so that the
length of the lever may be lengthened for the purpose of decreasing the extent of
movement given to the taking up lever.
The boss is caused to slide on the lever by means of a rod or roller bearing
against the cloth beam so that as the beam gets larger in diameter, the bar or
roller is pushed further from the axis of the beam thereby sliding the boss on the
lever so as to increase its length and consequently decrease the extent of movement
given to the taking up catcher by this means the cloth is received at the same
ratio at which it is let off, and is wound upon the beam with equal pressure
throughout.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Christopher Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th July 1882.
CHRISTOPHER TURNER of Colne in the County of Lancaster.
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
" « IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has reference firstly to the letting-off mechanism and the object
thereof is to arrange and combine certain parts, so that the warp will be let off the
beam uniformly, and kept at the same tension notwithstanding the varying diameter
of the beam. For this purpose I place an antifriction bowl or roller on the warp of
the beam, the bowl being connected to the top of a vertical rod having a chain
attached to the lower end thereof, the other end of which is connected to a cone or
tapering boss, the angle or incline tapering to correspond with the varying
diameter of the warp on the beam. This cone is placed on a rocking shaft and by
means of a key in a groove is capable of sliding end wise thereon when operated
by the vertical rod and chain, the rocking shaft receiving its motion from the
tappit shaft by crank or cam, so that at each rocking movement of the cone, a
catch in gear with a ratchet wheel is operated communicating motion to a worm in
gear with a wheel on the warp beam by which means the warp is let off in a
regular and uniform rate, the tension thereof being the same throughout its length.
The worm shaft is extended to the front of the loom on which is placed a hand
wheel so that the weaver can reverse the parts for broken picks.
In order that my Invention may be more fully understood I herein give reference
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings wherein Fig 1 is elevation of back part of
a loom Fig 2 plan thereof, Fig 3 end view of a portion and Fig 4 end view in
section. 1 is the loom framing 2 the warp beam and 3 the tappit shaft. 4 is an
antifriction roller connected to the vertical rod 5 and capable of sliding up and
down in a bracket 6 fixed to the loom frame. To the bottom of the rod 5 is con-
nected one end of a chain 7 the other end thereof being connected to a cone or
angular boss 8 which is attached to a rocking shaft 9 by means of a peg or stud 10.
In the cone 8 is a slot 11 which allows it to slide endwise upon the rocking shaft
according to the length of chain 7 which is determined by the varying diameter of
the warp beam. The rocking shaft receives its oscillatory motion from cranks 12
and 13 and connecting rod 14, the former crank being fixed on the tappit shaft
which at each revolution thereof gives the requisite oscilatory movement to the
said shaft, and to the cone thereon. Resting upon the cone is a bowl or stud 15
attached by adjustable bracket to a lever arm 16 secured to a short shaft 17 so
that as the rocking cone is drawn in the direction of the arrow upon its shaft
by the chain and rod 5 through the increased diameter of the warp beam the
forward movement of the catch 18 is greater, thereby increasing the revolutionary
motion of the catch wheel 19. On the same axis as the catch wheel is a pinion
wheel 20 which communicates rotary motion to other pinions 21 and 22 and to the
worm wheel 23 and worm 24 fixed on the shaft end of the warp beam, by which
it will be seen that the rotary motion of the warp beam is made positive, and its
varying speed is accurately regulated according to its varying diameter, conse
quently the warp is always at the same tension and is let off the beam uniformly.
To prevent breakages and to ease the parts between the warp beam and rocking
cone a taper clutch 25 fitting in the boss of the pinion 22 is employed, the wheel
being forced against the clutch by spiral spring 26.
When broken picks are made and it is necessary to turn the loom back and
slacken the warp the worm wheel shaft 27 is extended to the front of the loom
having a hand wheel 28 thereon so that the weaver can easily reverse the loom for
the purpose of finding the broken picks.
Secondly. The Invention bas reference to the taking up mechanism employed in
winding the cloth onto the beam, the object of the improvements being to wind on
the cloth with equal pressure from end to end, for this purpose 1 employ in

page_text: combination with the letting off mechanism previously described a cam on the
tappit shaft which at each revolution operates a lever and catch in gear with the
taking up wheels. On this lever is a boss capable of sliding thereon so that
the length of the lever may be lengthened for the purpose of decreasing the extent
of movement given to the taking up lever. The boss is caused to slide on the
lever by means of a rod or roller bearing against the cloth beam, so that as the
beam gets larger in diameter the bar or roller is pushed further from the axis of
the beam thereby sliding the boss on the lever so as to increase its length and con-
sequently decrease the extent of movement given to the taking up catch, by this
means the cloth is received at the same ratio at which it is let off, and is wound
upon the beam with equal pressure throughout.
This part of my Invention is shewn on Sheet 2 where Fig 5 is an end view and
Fig 6 part front view of so much of a loom as is necessary to illustrate the
improvements. 29 is the cloth beam or taking up roller on the shaft end of which
is a lever 30 having a slot 31 formed thereon so as to allow the said lever to move
endwise on the end of the taking up roller shaft which forms the fulcrum 32
of the said lever. On one end of lever 30 is a catch 33 in gear with a catch wheel
34 also on the taking up roller shaft, and is employed for winding cloth on the
beam as it is woven, and this is effected by a stud 35 projecting from the wheel 36
which at each revolution thereof operates the lever 30 and consequently the catch
wheel 34 and warp beam 29. In order to regulate the speed of the cloth beam
and to alter its speed according to its increasing diameter by the winding on of
the cloth, the lever 30 is caused to slide upon its fulcrum in the slot by means of a
rod 37 fixed to the said lever by bracket 38. At one of this rod is an anti-
friction roller 39 which bears against the cloth as shewn, so that as the beam
becomes larger in diameter it gradually pushes the rod 37 in the direction of the
arrow and as the rod is attached to the lever 30 it is also pushed in the same
direction thereby shortening the right hand end of the lever, and reducing the
length of stroke given to the catch in the same proportion as the cloth is
taken up.
By the combined use of the first and second part of this Invention, warp is
uniformly delivered and cloth uniformly taken up.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing the
same, I declare that what I claim as of my Invention, intended to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is as follows.
Firstly. The employment of the sliding cone 8 and apparatus in connection
therewith for unwinding the warp off the beam in manner substantially as herein
shewn and described.
Secondly. The employment of the rocking shaft 9 operated in the manner and
for the purpose substantially as herein shewn and described.
Thirdly. The employment of shaft 27 and apparatus in connection therewith for
reversing the loom substantially as herein shewn and described.
Fourthly. In combination with the warp letting off mechanism as described
in this Specification I claim the employment of the sliding 30 and rod 37
operated in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein shewn and
described.
.
In witness whereof, I the said Christopher Turner have hereunto set my
band and seal this Eighth day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
CHRISTOPHER TURNER. (L.S.)