IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Leeming, of North Holme Mills, Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 2nd October 1868, and dated the 9th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Leeming at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on
the 9th April 1868.
I, JOHN LEEMING, of North Holme Mills, Bradford, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Firstly. The Invention has reference to what are termed pick-and-pick
looms, and to the so arranging and controlling the action of the picking
department as to be enabled to give any required number of picks from
either side of the loom, either consecutively or alternately without
imparting, simultaneous action to both picking arms, or to be able to
suppress or withhold the passage of the shuttle altogether for any required

page_text: number of picks. This latter method is essential when weaving some
designs in what are termed swivel or broché figures.
In order to enable me to accomplish the first part of my Invention I
raise and lower the picking rod vertically in its bearings out of and into
contact with the picking tappet, as desired and indicated by the 'card
or other pattern surface. This may be done by several means, one of
which is by extending a lever from the foot of one picking rod to the
foot of the other picking rod, the said lever being mounted on a stud
in its centre, and having two hooked catches mounted on studs and
placed one on each side of the fulcrum of the said lever; these catches
I cause to be lifted alternately, as desired and indicated by the card or
other pattern surface by means of levers operated by cams, so that when
'one packing rod is raised the other one is lowered, and so the required
number of picks may be given from either side of the loom either con-
secutively or alternately. Then again when I desire to withhold the
passage of the shuttle altogether without stopping the loom, I apply 2
levers instead of one for raising and lowering the picking rods, each lever
having a separate fulcrum and an independent action, the foot of each
picking rod will rest upon the extreme ends of each of the two levers;
and in order to operate them I affix above and parallel with them a
small shaft, on which are keyed fast tappets so constructed and arranged
that by a partial revolution of the shaft the ends of the two levers may
be depressed either alternately or simultaneously, in which latter case it
will be evident both picking rods will be raised out of contact with the
picking tappets, so that no shuttle can be thrown unless the small shaft
'shall be again operated; this shaft I turn by means of a pegged wheel
and catches, or by other suitable combinations, or by extending a, shaft
from one side of the loom to the other immediately under the picking
rods, and affixing thereon the tappets, which I have before described,
for pressing upon the ends of the two levers a direct action may be
imparted to the rise of all of the picking rods; this shaft may be driven
by gearing, if preferred.
Secondly. The Invention has reference to the peculiar formation of
the hook employed in turning over the peg wheel of circular boxes, and
consists in forming the hooked catch for turning over the peg wheel in
circular boxes, in the manner indicated in the annexed sketch, so as to
prevent the box being turned further than one compartment at once.

page_text: by this means I obtain a simple, durable, and enеctive stop without
spring or other complication..
Thirdly. The Invention has reference to the application of a fork
motion to a pick-and-pick loom of any number of shuttles for so
operating upon the weft threads as to permit the ordinary well-known
fork motion to cause the stoppage of the loom when the weft is either
broken or expended, and from whichever side of the loom the shuttle
may be thrown. My weft fork I affix (by preference) to the sword at
the back of the slay board, and it consists of a curved fork mounted on
a stud on a sliding bar, and so operated by a lever and connecting rod
as to impart at the precise moment required a forward movement of the
fork, which will take up all the weft threads which may be extending
across its line of action and raise them above the ordinary weft fork, so
that the last shoot of weft (which will have passed under my fork) will
be the only one acted upon by the ordinary weft fork which will act
as heretofore. When my fork shall return on its backward journey I
cause the sliding bar on which its centre is mounted to be raised by
means of an incline or other equivalent coming in contact with the foot
thereof on the backward motion of the lay, so that my fork will pass
over without touching or dragging the shoot of weft which will now be
under it; when the fork shall be again acted upon it will first descend
vertically so as to ensure the point being below the shoots of weft which
may be on the lay, and then the forward motion before described will
take place. In order to effect the whole of these actions I employ a
novel combination of two looms, one the ordinary weft hammer lever,
which is operated (in the case of pick-and-pick looms) by a double cam
on the tappet shaft, and the other a lever mounted on a stud affixed to
a bracket from the back rail of loom, so that this lever is parallel with
the weft hammer lever to which it is connected by a stud, and from
which it receives its motion when the fork is required to act; this lever
imparts to it its motion. I also connect a link from this lever to the
lever which operates the picking rod, so that the weft hammer lever
through it will be raised out of contact with its tappett, and no action
will be given to the fork (until the picking rod shall be raised), this will
occur each time the shuttles are being propelled from the opposite side
of the loom, in which case the fork motion at the opposite side will
perform what I have described this one as doing.

page_text: Fourthly. The Invention has reference to the introducing into the same
swivel figure more than one color of weft, although employing only one
series of swivel shuttles, each shuttle containing but one color of weft.
In order to insert more than one color of material into the same figure
in what is termed swivel weaving, although employing but one series of
shuttle, and each shuttle containing but one color of weft, I affix the
colors I wish to insert into the design at the back of the loom on bobbins
or rollers and draw the ends through mails in the harness, so that they
may be raised or lowered at pleasure. When the shed for the swivel figure
is formed I raise or lower the particular color desired, so that the swivel
shuttle may pass over or under it in order to pass its thread around the
said color, and so draw it back with it into the design double. I can
thus arrange any reasonable number of colors, so that any one may be
drawn into the figure at pleasure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Leeming in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LEEMING, of North Holme Mills, Bradford, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Leeming, Her special licence,
that I, the said John Leeming, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others, as I, the said John Leeming, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others). that I, the
said John Leeming, my executors or administrators, by an instru-

page_text: ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Leeming, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
Firstly. This Invention refers to what are termed pick-and-pick looms,
and to the so arranging and controlling the action of the picking
department as to be enabled to give any required number of picks from
either side of the loom, either consecutively or alternately without
imparting simultaneous action to both picking arms, or to be able to
suppress, or withhold the passage of the shuttle altogether for any
required number of picks. This latter method is essential when weaving
some designs in. what are termed swivel or broche figures.
In Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings I have shown the picking
arrangement as fitted up for withholding the throw of the shuttle
altogether if desired at any pick, or of giving any required number of
picks from either side as desired.
A, A, end frame of loom; B, B, picking, rods, with their cones B' and
B; C, C, C, C, necks or sockets in which they slide; D, tappet shaft ;
E, E, picking tappets having two noses each, and keyed fast on D;
F, F, two levers mounted on studs at F' and F, on one end of which
the picking rods B, B, rest, and on the opposite ends are adjustable
pieces G, G; a small shaft H is fixed in bearings I, I, and turned by
means 'of hooked catches J and a pegged wheel K, or other suitable:
means, as represented in the Drawing; the peg wheel K has six. pegs:
upon it, and the hooked catches J, J, stand one at the front, and the other.
at the back, they are jointed to a lever actuated by a. cam:D. on the:
tappet shaft D. in such manner that the lever and hooks rise after each.
pick or twice for each rotation of the shaft D The hooked catches J are.
controlled by the jacquard or a pattern surface which holds both of them.
out. of contact with the peg wheel, when no change is required, or allows
one or other of them. to catch upon the pegs according as it is desired to.

page_text: turn the shaft H a step (one-sixth of a rotation) one way or the other.
The tappets L, L, which are made fast upon the shaft H, are formed
and arranged as is represented at Figure 2; they operate upon the
pieces G, G, and so depress them, raising the picking rods out of the
way of their actuating tappets. In two positions of the tappets both the
picking rods are raised and then no pick will be given, but a step of
the peg wheel one way will bring one picking rod into work, and a
step the other way the other picking rod, and so again when one
picking rod is at work and the other out a step of the peg wheel onc way
will change from one picking rod to the other, whilst a step the other
way will throw them both out of operation to allow brocading shuttles
or instruments to lay in their threads. M, M, are connecting links for
the weft motion, which will be explained hereafter.
Figure 3 is an end view of a loom showing a picking arrangement,
which is different in detail to the one before explained in Figure 1,
although the principle of raising and lowering the picking rods and their
cones out of and into contact with their respective tappets is the same.
A is the end frame of the loom; B, the picking rod; C, C, necks in
which it slides; D, the tappet shaft; E, a shaft extending across the
loom from side to side and placed immediately under the picking rod B,
and on which is made fast a star wheel F, and geared, as shown in
Figure 6, into a stud wheel G, and capable of sliding when operated by
a draw cord and lever H, Figure 5, (or other suitable means,) so as to
bring the pin projection I into one of the slots in the wheel F, and so
turn it partly round; G receives its motion from another wheel J keyed
fast on the tappet shaft D.. On the shaft E, Figure 3, directly under the
foot K of the picking' rod I affix 2 triangular tappets L, L, shewn
detached, and as arranged on the shaft in Figure 4. It will thus be
seen that by turning the wheel F (Figure 6) one division at once I
obtain an alternate rise and fall of the picking shafts, which may be
intermitted at any time by causing the pattern surface to shift the
wheel G so as to admit of two or more shuttles being thrown in
succession from the same side of the loom. Figures 5 and 6 are two
views of the same parts.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the so arranging
the picking rods that they may be raised and lowered away from and
towards their driving mechanism by apparatus under the control of

page_text: jacquard or a pattern surface, so that for each pick the picker at
either end of the loom may be caused or allowed to act whilst the
other remains inactive, or when so required that the action of both
pickers may be arrested for a time.
Secondly. The Invention has reference to the peculiar formation of the
hook employed in turning over the peg wheel of circular shuttle boxes.
Figure 7 illustrates the formation of my hook for preventing the box being
turned more than one compartment at once, and that without any
addition or complication. A is the pegged wheel attached to the
spindle of the box; B, a hook in the act of turning the box, from which
it will be easily seen the box could not be turned further than shown; C
is a catch ready to operate in the reverse direction to B.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the formation of the
hooks employed in turning over the peg wheels of circular shuttle
boxes, as herein described.
Thirdly. The Invention has reference to the application of a fork
motion to a pick-and-pick loom of any number of shuttles for so
operating upon the weft threads as to permit the ordinary well-known
fork motion to cause the stoppage of the loom when the weft is either
broken or expended, and from whichever side of the loom the shuttle
may be thrown. This part of my Invention is also shown at Figure 3.
The weft motion is shown as applied to one side, similar parts being
requisite for the opposite side of the loom. M is the hammer; N, the
fork and holder; O, the lever; P, the tappet fixed on the picking
shaft D for operating them; these parts are similar to those required
in ordinary looms; Q, another lever mounted on a stud R attached to
any convenient part of the loom, and taking on to another stud S in
the lever O; T is a bracket made fast on the sword U, on which by a
pin joint a lever V may oscillate; the lever V shown separately at
Figure 3* also carries a sliding bar and fork W, W, on foot of which
is a running bowl X working on the incline X'. On the lever Q on
the fork holder Y is a guard to prevent the fork catching hold of
the weft when the slay board recedes. On the weft hammer lever O
I affix an incline O¹, over which a tumbler V₁ hinged on V may slide;
Z and Z¹ is a lever and slotted connecting rod worked by a tappet Z³ on
the shaft E, for preventing any action of the fork when the weft is
being thrown from that side of the loom. The action of the various

page_text: parts are as follows:-The fork W on the sliding bar W is shown as
it appears during the backward motion of the batten; it is raised and
ready to descend upon the shoot of weft last operated upon by the
ordinary fork to depress it into the race in the slay board, where it will
hold it until the next shoot shall have arrived (supposing it to be
present), which will be on the top of the fork W, the fork N can then
feel for this weft in the usual way without being impeded by the
previous shoot or shoots. The tappet P is so set to raise the lever O
as the bottom retires, and through it the lever Q, on which is the
incline X on which the running bowl X rests, and so the sliding bar
and fork W; W, is raised, and at the same time the tumbler V₁ will
be passing up the incline O' on the lever O, and so cause the lever V
to turn partly on its centre and withdraw the points of the fork W, so
as to pass the weft from its upper to its lower side. The moment the
tumbler V¹ shall have passed over the top of the incline O¹ the fork W
will be drawn forward by the action of the spring A', so as to insure
its getting on to the new weft, when it will descend in consequence
of the tappet P passing from under the lever O, as before described,
and it remains until the next pick shall have been put in and felt for
by the ordinary fork. This action will be repeated until the pick shall
be changed and the shuttle shall be thrown from the opposite side,
when the tappet Z³ and the lever and connecting rod.Z. and Z' will
operate and prevent the fork W from acting by holding up the lever O
and preventing its descent after the passage of the. tappet P. In this
way whilst the fork W is out of use at the picking side of the loom it
is held up out of the way, and the shuttles are thrown beneath it. The
same turn of the shaft E which reverses the pick from one side of the
loom to the other also reverses the fork motions at the same time.
The links M, Figure 1, act through suitable connections in a similar
manner.
Figure S is an end view of a loom with a weft motion attached
differently arranged on the same principle. Here the weft fork is
affixed to the sword at the back of the slayboard, and it consists of a
curved fork mounted on a stud on a sliding bar, and so operated by
a lever and connecting rod as to impart at the precise moment required
a forward movement of the fork, which will take up all the weft threads
which may be extending across its line of action and raise them above

page_text: the ordinary weft fork, so that the last shoot of weft (which will have
passed under my fork) will be the only one acted upon by the ordinary
weft fork, which will act as heretofore. When my fork returns on its
backward journey I cause the sliding bar on which its centre is mounted
to be raised by means of an incline or other equivalent coming in
contact with the foot thereof on the backward motion of the lay, so
that my fork will pass over without touching or dragging the shoot
of weft which will now be under it, when the fork shall be again acted
upon it will first descend vertically, so as to ensure the point being
below the shoots of weft which may be on the lay, and then the forward
motion before described will take place. In order to effect the whole
of these actions I employ a novel combination of two levers, as already
described in respect to Figure 3; one, the ordinary weft hammer lever,
which is operated in the case of pick-and-pick looms by a double cam
on the tappet shaft, and the other a lever mounted on a stud affixed
to a bracket from the back rail of loom, so that this lever is parallel
with the weft hammer lever, to which it is connected by a stud, and
from which it receives its motion. When the fork is required to act
this lever imparts to it its motion. I also as before connect a link
from this lever to the lever which operates the picking rod, so that
the weft hammer lever through it will be raised out of contact with
its tappet, and no action will be given to the fork until the picking rod
shall be raised; this will occur each time the shuttles are being propelled
from the opposite side of the loom, in which case the fork motion at the
opposite side will perform what I have described this one as doing.
On referring to the Figure it will be seen that the fork W will first
descend vertically when the levers O and Q are lowered by the tappet P
on the shaft D; this motion results from the rapid action of the spring,
which draws the fork down and ensures the point of the fork being
under the shoot of weft, then the upward action will take place in
consequence of the descent of the weighted stem connected with the
fork W, which being now unsupported commences to fall, but operates
more slowly than the spring. This motion will raise the shoot of weft
above the ordinary fork N, and allow it to feel for the shoot of weft last
thrown, which will be under the fork W, then the fork W will descend,
not in the line it ascended, but by reason of the running bowl X passing
over the incline O' the point of the fork will be raised above the shoot
of weft beneath it and pass over without dragging or touching it to the