THE EMPLOY OF NEW VEGETAL SUBSTANCES FOR DYEING, AND ESPECIALLY TO REPLACE COCHINEAL DYE
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arnauld Kellermann, at Courbevoie, Département
de la Seine, French Empire, for the Invention of "THE EMPLOY OF NEW
VEGETAL SUBSTANCES FOR DYEING, AND ESPECIALLY TO REPLACE COCHINEAL
DYE."
Sealed the 21st January 1859, and dated the 28th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnauld Kellerman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1858.
I, ARNAULD KELLERMANN, at Courbevoie, Département de la Seine, French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE EMPLOY
OF NEW VEGETAL SUBSTANCES FOR DYING, AND ESPECIALLY TO REPLACE COCHENEAL
DYE," to be as follows:-
The substances which I employ are the flowers and leaves of the elm tree.
(ulmus). The flowers produce a red and ȧ green dye, which may replace or
be used as a substitute for the dyes of those colours obtained with cocheneal;
the leaves produce a..yellow dye.. These colours may be applied to all textile
substances, and to all tissues. The extraction of the colouring. matter and its
use is practised and effected in the usual way well known to dyers; and by
mixing the flowers and the leaves, or using them separately, I obtain a great
variety of either simple or compound colours; and what I consider principally
as my, Invention is the use of the flowers and leaves of the elm tree for the
production of colouring matter for dying purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arnauld Kellermann in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARNAULD
KELLERMANN, of Courbevoie, Department de la Seine, French Empire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Arnauld Kellermann, Her special licence that I, the said Arnauld
Kellermann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Arnauld Kellermann, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for THE EMPLOY OF NEW VEGETAL SUBSTANCES FOR DYEING, AND ESPECIALLY TO
REPLACE COCHINEAL DYE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Arnauld Kellermann, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arnauld Kellermann, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
The vegetable substances which I use for the production of colors in dyeing
and printing are the flowers and leaves of the elm (ulmus). The flowers of
the élm produce a red and green color, and may be used to replace cochineal;
the leaves of the same tree produce a yellow color. These colors may be
applied to textile substances, to thread, and to woven goods, either for dyeing
or for printing, or to other suitable applications for which vegetable colors
may be used.
The greater part of the 'simple and compound colors may be
obtained by means of mixtures. The coloring matter is extracted from the
flowers and leaves of the elm by processes known and practised for the

page_text: extraction of vegetable colors. The gathering of the flowers of the elm should
take place as soon as the buds turn red, and before they are entirely open.
The leaves may be gathered when full grown, that is to say, during the whole
of the summer. As the elms do not all bloom at the same time, there are
about thirty or forty days during which the gathering of the flowers may
take place. As soon as the flowers have been gathered, the color may be
extracted from them, or they may be placed in the shade to dry. I have
observed, that by picking the flowers no harm is done to the foliation, because
the former produce a seed which soon falls, and the leaves only shoot after the
fall of this seed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arnauld Kellermann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered in the
presence of
ARNAULD KELLERMANN. (L.S.)