matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE LIQUORS USED IN SCOURING OR CLEANING WOOL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1873.- A communication from abroad by Louis
Gustave Ghilain Daudenart and Edmond Verbert, of 34, Rue du
Progrès, Schaerbeek, Brussels.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF THE LIQUORS USED IN SCOURING OR CLEANING WOOL," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Louis Gustave Ghilain Daudenart and
Edmond Verbert, of 34, Rue du Progrès, Schaerbeek, Brussels, to be as
follows:-
-

page_text: The process consists in the employment either of caustic baryta or
strontia, the essential characters of which are, first, to effect the entire
separation of the greasy matter; secondly, to extract the carbonate of
potash contained in the washing liquors; and thirdly, to effect the
continuous revivification of the baryta and strontia employed.
The process comprises the following operations :-First, the treatment
of the washing liquors with baryta or strontia. The water for washing
wool at a temperature of about 80 degrees centigrade is mixed with a
solution of baryta or strontia at a temperature of about 60 degrees cen-
tigrade, dissolved in water, previously treated, and the possibility of
dissolving the oxide of the alkaline earth in water, in which a previous
operation has been performed, has the advantage of not augmenting the
cost of the evaporation of the liquids employed, and avoids the great
inconvenience which on account of the slight solubility of these oxides
would occur if at each time they were dissolved in fresh water.
The quantity of the water of baryta or strontia to be employed it is
evident must vary according to the density of the washing liquor, but in
any case it is easy to be determined by experiment.
After the temperature has been maintained for about an hour, and
stirred from time to time the mixture is allowed to settle and the
separation of the precipitate is rapid and complete, and if the liquid is a
clear yellow colour it is certain that if not an excess at least enough of
the solution of the baryta or stronția has been employed, for if a
sufficient quantity had not been used the liquid would remain unsettled
and greasy, and thus it is easy to regulate by these appearances and also
by a few essays the required quantity of baryta or strontia that ought to
be used for each operation.
•
By representing the greasy matter by the symbol G and supposing
that strontia is used, the reaction can be traced or followed out by the
AN IMPROVED DRESS AND ATTACHMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kennett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1873.
I, JOHN KENNETT, Hydropathist, of Eastbourne, in the County of
Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DRESS AND ATTACHMENTS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The primary object being to save persons of either sex the fatigue
and trouble of putting on, and taking off, and putting on again, their
ordinary clothing in order to go from their beds and take a bath and
return therefrom.
This dress covers the whole of the person except the face and hands
in two garments only and it is made in the following way:-I take a
blanket of any colour or any other warm material, and have a pair of
trousers cut therefrom, and made very long in the legs and full in the
waist for the person for whom they are intended, these trousers are
lined with twilled calico or some other warm material, and an inter-
mediate lining of flannel or very thin waterproof sheeting, then I take
a pair of the ordinary canvass and india-rubber bathing shoes, or shoes

page_text: made of any other soft material, and sew them on to the bottoms of the
legs of the trousers; attached to the legs are elastic bands, which can
be drawn up above the calf of the leg or the knee, so as to keep the
trouser legs tight from the ancle, the trousers are sewn up to the
waistband, but they are made large enough to be easily drawn over the
hips, around the waist I attach an elastic band similar to a cricketting
belt, but without the clasp, by the elasticity of which the garment
is securely fixed or fastened around the person.
For the other part of the dress I take a blanket or other warm
material to form a cloak, with the same kind of linings as the trousers, I
the blanket or outer covering extends to below the knees the calico
and flannel or the water-proof sheeting to below the hips; sleeves are
formed of the same materials, drawn in at the wrists by an elastic band,
also a hood by means of elastic bands. The cloak is sewn up in front
from below the knees to the neck, to the nape of the neck thereof is
attached a cord, the two ends of which are brought over the shoulders
to bind the dress about the body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLERICAL COSTUME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Middlemass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1873.
I, JAMES MIDDLEMASS, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLERICAL COSTUME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the arrangement or
construction of that class of clothing worn by members of the clerical
profession on occasions of exercising their clerical duties, and generally
known as pulpit gowns, has for its object to more securely keep the
gown on the body of the wearer (so that it shall not slip off or out of
place) than obtains with the existing construction. This object is
effected under one arrangement by combining the pulpit gown with a
coat or cassock, the two being connected together at the shoulders and
back or upper part. Thus the pulpit gown becomes attached to the
wearer by the sleeves of the coat or cassock. A girdle is also provided
by which the waist of the wearer is encircled.

page_text: Under another mode of constructing pulpit gowns the coat or
cassock and gown are made separate, and cach is provided with sleeves,
the gown having a double sleeve, namely, the inner one to fit the wearer
and by which the gown is kept in place on the wearer, and an outer
sleeve of the required form corresponding to the design of the gown.
Under this arrangement the cassock and gown may or may not be con-
nected or united by a button or its equivalent at the time of being worn,
or the
gown having the double sleeve may be worn independently of the
cassock or coat.
ROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING OR BORING IRON AND · STEEL
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Charles Stiff, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Merchant and Manufacturer, for the Inven-
.
tion of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING OR BORING IRON AND
· STEEL."
Sealed the 23rd January 1874; and dated the 25th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Charles Stuff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th November 1873.
I, WILLIAM CHARLES STIFF, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING OR
BORING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
56
:-

page_text: other hollow cylindrical bodies of iron or steel made by drilling or
boring solid cylindrical or other shaped bodies of iron or steel, and the
object of my Invention is more effectually to secure the concentricity of
the hole drilled or bored than can be effected by drilling or boring
machinery of the ordinary construction.
In the ordinary drilling or boring machinery the iron or steel cylinder
or body to be drilled or bored rotates, the drill being stationary, or the
drill rotates and the body operated upon is stationary, the body operated
upon in either case having a motion only in the line of the axis of the
drill.
According to my Invention I support the cylindrical or other body of
iron or steel to be drilled at its ends respectively, by hollow supports
capable of rotatory motion, the said supports being carried by and
working in the ends of 'the box containing the solution of soap or other
lubricant in which the drilling is carried on. On one of the said
supports is a worm wheel and a worm driven by a strap, or band or other
gear engages with the said worm wheel, and during the drilling process
communicates a slow rotatory motion, by preference, in a direction
opposite to that of the drill to the said cylindrical or other body being
drilled: By the rotatory motion in question, the concentricity of the
hole drilled or bored is much more effectually secured than 'is possible
with machinery of the ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR COMBING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Bayley and John
Cheetham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th February 1873.
We, CHARLES HENRY BAYLEY, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, and JOHN CHEETHAM, of the same Place, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR COMBING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
:-
It relates to means for stopping combing machines when one or more
of the slivers from any of the combing heads of the machine breaks, and
consists in an arrangement and combination of mechanism with the
ordinary mechanism of the combing machine. There is a lever spoon
for each sliver and the spoon levers are all placed in a row with the
spoons" close to the back fluted roller of the drawing head, and there is
a vibrating bar placed parallel to the row of spoons so that when one or
more of the slivers fails, the spoon belonging to such sliver will fall back
from the drawing roller (being weighted to do so), and this will bring a
projection on the end of the spoon lever in the way of the vibrating bar

page_text: and thus arrest its motion. The vibrating bar is worked by a crank on
the end of the lower calender roller of the drawing head by a jointed
connecting rod, which can bend one way only, so that the joint of the
connecting rod rises when the bar is arrested, and this lifts one end of a
latch weight lever that releases the stop rod of the machine, a spring
acting upon the stop rod to traverse the driving belt on to the loose
pulley. The stop rod is in two parts so that it can be moved by hand
to stop the machine without lifting the weight latch lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE CUTTING OF SCREW THREADS UPON OR IN TUBES, BOLTS, STEMS, RODS, PINS, AND NUTS,
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Theodore Griffin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1873. A communication from abroad by Patrick Hickey,
of Auburn, Cayuga, State of New York, United States of America.
I, JAMES THEODORE GRIFFIN, of 77, Upper Thames Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE CUTTING OF
SCREW THREADS UPON OR IN TUBES, BOLTS, STEMS, RODS, PINS, AND NUTS, to bo
as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus or machinery for facilitating the
cutting threads upon or in tubes, bolts, stems, rods, pins, and nuts.
The apparatus being specially applicable for use in engineers' and other
shops.
A hollow mandril or shaft is mounted upon bearings in a suitable
framing, and this mandril or shaft carries a step drum, over which a
a band from a prime mover can be passed for giving rotatory motion to
the cutting dies arranged in a face plate; these dies are adjustable
in supports, the backs or ends of which have tail pieces set at an angle
for moving the dies in and out for fixing them to the diameter of bolt,
and to release them when the cutting is completed.

page_text: The tail pieces are embraced by clips or studs in a sleeve, and this is
free to be moved end on in either direction by a clutch fork in con-
nection with a rack and pinion actuated by a hand lever.
The step drum has in connection with it a toothed wheel, and this can
be disconnected by removing a screw, so that when large bolts are to
be cut requiring great power the drum runs freely, and the motion is
communicated to the wheel by gearing and an extra shaft arranged
at the side, which shaft can be thrown out of and into gear by an
eccentric.
The bolt, pin, or other article to be cut is held between two jaws,
which have a sliding motion sideways by a screw and hand wheel, the
bottom of the jaw frame being capable of a to-and-fro movement by a
rack and pinion, the rack being upon the machine frame.
For tapping purposes the cutting dies are removed and a tapped
chuck is fitted in the face plate, the chuch having a socket with a shaped
hole for receiving the plug or tap by which the thread is cut, the nut
being held firmly by the jaws in end frame.
The main feature in this Invention is the method of action of the
cutting dies in the face plate, together with the sleeve by which they
are actuated.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TABLE CLOTHS OR COVERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hanauer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1873.
I, JOSEPH HANAUER, of St. Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF TABLE CLOTHS OR COVERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of table covers from paper,
which is specially prepared to imitate damask and diaper table cloths,
and which may be printed with designs in colors if desired.
The paper I prefer to employ is that known as white wove, made from
fine wood pulp, esparto, cotton rags, and chemical size.
The paper having been manufactured by the usual process is passed
through metal cylinders, one of which is engraved with the damask or
other pattern it is desired to imitate, and kept heated by gas or steam.
Thus by the aid of heat and pressure I am enabled to impart to the
paper the appearance of the finest damask cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR Roving and SpinnING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whiteley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1873.
I, WILLIAM WHITELEY, of the Firm of William Whiteley & Sons, of
Lockwood, Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR Roving and SpinnING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:―
The object of this Invention is to economize space or room, and to
produce more work in a given time. To effect this object I adopt and
combine the principle of the spinning mule to the spinning frame, that
is, I construct a framework something similar to the ordinary worsted
spinning frame, having a series of spindles and flyers, guide eyes, back
or delivery rollers, and a creel board or provision for cops or condenser
bobbins. I also construct and apply to this frame travelling carriages or
frames to carry rotary tubes provided with nippers or holding instruments.
These carriages are in pairs and travel forward and backward betwixt
the guide eyes and delivery rollers alternately, that is, while one is
advancing the other is retiring. The rotary tubes have vertical slots cut

page_text: opposite directions during the travel backward and forward between
delivery rollers and guide eyes so that they both draw and twist during
the forward motion toward the guide eyes but open and retire clear of
the rovings and advancing bars during the backward motion of the
delivery rollers, and so on.
AN IMPROVED TAP FOR DRAWING CHAMPAGNE, LEMONADE, AND OTHER LIQUIDS FROM THEIR BOTTLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Schlesinger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1873. A communication from abroad by W. L. Grout,
of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM JAMES SCHLESINGER, of Finsbury Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED TAP FOR DRAWING CHAMPAGNE, LEMONADE, AND
OTHER LIQUIDS FROM THEIR BOTTLES," a communication, to be as follows:-
°
The said Invention relates to a tap which is so constructed that when
screwed into and through the cork of a champagne or other bottle
if it should be clogged or choked by sediment or other matters it
can be freed therefrom without removing it from the bottle or other
inconvenience. The said tap is made with a straight tube formed with
a screw thread or worm, whereby it is screwed through the cork; the
thread or worm extends to the extremity of the tube so that immediately
the tap is pressed upon the cork and turned in the proper direction the
said tube commences to enter the cork. The said tap is provided with a
suitable plug for closing it, and this plug is extended on each side of

page_text: the tap to form a handle whereby the tap is turned like an ordinary
corkscrew to effect its insertion and removal.
When the said tap has been properly inserted in the cork a small rod
or piece of wire is passed through the tube to clear it of any pieces of
cork or other matter with which it may have been clogged. The tap is
then ready for use, and if it should again become closed or clogged it
can be again cleared in the same manner.
By constructing my improved tap as above described with a straight
passage through the tap so that any obstruction of the same can be
readily removed I obtain a result which cannot be obtained with other
taps heretofore devised for the same purpose. Such former taps as
commonly constructed have either had the tube or spigot provided with
a fixed point and with holes in its sides which were not accessible from
the outside of the tap, or they have had a detachable or loose point
which falls to the bottom of the bottle when the tap is inserted and
cannot be recovered without drawing the cork.
I prefer to make a small rod or pin to accompany my improved tap
for the purpose above described, the said pin having a head at the outer
end and being pointed at its inner end. It may be passed through the
tap before passing the same through the cork, or passed through the same
after the tap has been inserted; but if no special implement is provided
a simple piece of wire or similar article will serve the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN and Applicable to Tubular Steam Boilers
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir Gerald Dalton Fitz Gerald
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th May 1873.
I, Sir GERALD DALTON FITZ GERALD, Baronet, of 42, Grosvenor Place,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN and Applicable to Tubular Steam Boilers,”
to be as follows :-
My Invention has for its object the application to the fire tubes and
tubular flues of steam boilers of oxygen gas, for the purpose of increasing
the heat therein, and thereby increasing the evaporating power of the
boiler.
The oxygen gas (manufactured according to the process adopted in
Paris, and known as the system of Tessié du Motay, or otherwise as
preferred) is supplied by means of a pipe or pipes with branches, and
is introduced into the interior of the said tubes by means of a central
tube with perforations, or by means of sockets or short tubes with
perforations in them inserted at the mouths of the said tubes.

page_text: Oxygen gas may be thus applied to the fire tubes of steam boilers,
whether the boilers be heated by gas or by an ordinary furnace, and the
oxygen gas may be heated if required before it enters the boiler by
causing it to pass through a pipe surrounded by the hot water of the
boiler, or by other suitable means.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINATION OF A CALL BELL WITH HOLDERS OR RECEPTACLES FOR VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Conradi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1873.
I, HENRI CONRADI, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, but at
present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMBINATION OF A CALL BELL WITH HOLDERS OR RECEPTACLES FOR VARIOUS
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in articles for the
table, office, or for other public or private places, and consists in the
combination of a call bell with holders or receptacles for various articles,
whereby greater stability and compactness are obtained than when such
articles are used separately from each other. For this purpose I place
the call bell at or near the bottom of the combined article, and I bring
the spindle up through the centre thereof, the operating knob being
raised a suitable height above the top to enable it to be readily operated.
Above and around the call bell I fix or form a frame or case, and
around this I fix a number of tubes, holders, or receptacles which

page_text: according to their form may be used as holders for cigars, matches,
pens, flowers, perfumery, confectionary, or other articles.
If the combined article is to be used as a jar for tobacco or other
articles or materials I form the upper part or cover removable in two
halves or it may be in one piece, and the knob or spindle of the bell 5
may be operated from below, and the receptacle is formed by the said
frame or case above the call bell.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR FORMING BARS OF IRON FOR PILING, AND IN THE MODE OF PILING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1873.
I, THOMAS BENNETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Iron
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR FORMING BARS OF IRON FOR PILING, AND IN THE
MODE OF PILING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:-
.
This Invention consists in so forming the bars to be piled or faggotted
and afterwards rolled into bars, plates, rods, or other forms, that each
bar is separated from its neighbour, so that the fire is free to play all
round each bar separately, though the whole mass may be bound
together.
In operating upon puddled bars of iron, this is effected by passing the
bars through rollers, one of which is sunk with grooves or indentations
which will produce raised ribs or studs upon one face of the bar, forming,
when the bars are laid together, a hollow pile. When placed upon each
other these ribs or studs act as distance pieces between each bar
allowing the fire to exert its power on both sides of each bar alike.
A NOVEL PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING COLORED PANES OF GLASS AND OF PRODUCING COLORED DESIGNS UPON CRYSTAL AND OTHER TRANSPARENT SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1873.-A communication from abroad by Pierre
Isaac Laujorrois, of the Chateau de la Mothe, Commune d'Anrosay
(Haute Marne), France, Doctor of Medicine.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NOVEL PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING COLORED
PANES OF GLASS AND OF PRODUCING COLORED DESIGNS UPON CRYSTAL AND OTHER
TRANSPARENT SUBSTANCES." -A communication to me from abroad by
Pierre Isaac Laujorrois, of the Chateau de la Mothe, Commune d'Anrosay
(Haute Marne), France, Doctor of Medicine, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the methodical application upon glass,
crystal, and other transparent substances of a solution colored of any
shade and producing the most varied and unexpected results.

page_text: The baths or plastic coatings are composed as follows:-
1°. Bath. Water about 3½ ozs. (100 grammes); gelatine, sufficient
to form a jelly. Dissolve the gelatine in the water at a gentle heat,
then add the colour that it is desired to incorporate in proportions
varying with the shade of colour required to be produced.
2°. Application of the Coating.-Take a very clean sheet of glass
upon which draw any desired design by the aid of a bath of gelatinized
lampblack. The design being dried in the open air spread in the
spaces by means of brushes solutions of colored gelatine. It should be
observed that the glass and the solution of gelatine should both be at a
temperature of from 59 to 68 degrees "Fahrenheit" at the moment of
application.
3°. Drying. Leave the gelatine to adhere by cooling and dry in the
open air but not in the sun.
4°. Application of the Varnish.-To preserve the designs for an
indefinite period a coat of good varnish should be applied upon them
when perfectly dry. All varnishes are good which do not crack, scale,
or permit the penetration of moisture. The varnish which has given the
best result in experiment is the oil varnish used by coach and house
painters. Collodion or other varnish may be used.
5°. Application of a Second Glass.-For greater security there may be
applied upon the painted glass a second glass, the edges of which will be
glued to the first by means of gum lac or otherwise.
6°. Conclusion. By the aid of this process every kind of drawing or
design may be reproduced in colored panes of glass, arabesk architecture,
music, church windows, shop signs, animals, plants, cards, any kind of
figures, reproductions of drawings of any age and country; in short all
that has hitherto been done by the graver, the pencil, the brush, and
other ordinary means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING PEAT, MANUFACTURED OR OTHERWISE, AND ARTIFICIAL FUEL, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE DRYING OF 'KAOLIN' OR CHINA CLAY, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Engledue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1878.
I, WILLIAM JOHN ENGLEDUE, of Tavistock, in the County of Devon,
Captain Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING PEAT, MANUFACTURED OR OTHERWISE,
AND ARTIFICIAL FUEL, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE DRYING OF 'KAOLIN' OR CHINA
CLAY, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved method of drying peat
(manufactured or otherwise) and artificial fuel, applicable also to the
drying of "kaolin" or China clay and other like substances, and
consists in effecting such drying by the aid of hot water or steam pipes.
I construct a drying shed, the floor of which is composed of iron or
other metal pipes placed close together or otherwise, through which I
cause hot water or steam to circulate. On to this floor the substances
to be dried are either run or deposited in a liquid state, or placed thereon
after being partially dried by atmospheric influence. The said metal
pipes may also be arranged in any other manner in the drying sheds,

page_text: as may be found most convenient for the expeditious drying of the
substances, the essential feature of my Invention being the process of
drying the class of substances before mentioned by hot water or steam
pipes without reference to the particular form or arrangement of the
apparatus employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Isaïc Pierre
Dillé, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," a communication to
me from abroad by Isaïe Pierre Dillé, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
reaping machines, and consists essentially in the employment of a
horizontal disc fitted with oblique knives having internal and external
cutting edges for cutting the corn, the said disc and knives being caused
to revolve at a high velocity by the aid of gearing worked from the
driving wheel of the machine, and carried on a species of metal sheath
capable of sliding along the axle, for the purpose of throwing gearing of
the cutters into or out of gear with an actuating bevel wheel formed
inside the driving wheel of the machine. A series of horizontal

page_text: separating teeth serve to guide the stems of the growing crop to the
cutters, and to sustain them during the cutting action.
Revolving wings are employed as in ordinary machines for lightly
pressing upon the middle of the stems and inclining the same so that
they may fall as soon as cut upon a grated curved platform, which is
inclined so as to allow the cut grain to slide gently on to the ground.
Each side of the machine is provided with a curved tooth which gather
the standing stems and guide them towards the centre of the machine.
The shafts are hinged in such a manner as to be readily reversed, so as
to enable the machine to work in either direction required, the machine
being constructed alike on both front and back edges.
The entire machine is supported on a single axle, which is of a flat
section, to receive the before-mentioned sliding sheath, and carries at an
extremity the driving wheel, and at the other a cross bar carrying two
smaller running wheels. Beneath this axle is fitted a metal plate curved
symetrically inwards on both edges, so as to draw the stems towards the
centre.
The revolving wings are of a peculiar construction, being provided
with a greater number of arms than usual, which is necessitated by
reason of the rapid cutting action of the cutters; the intervals moreover
between the arms or wings are occupied by blades or bands slightly
curved, so as to obviate the angular spaces between the wings, and
imparting to the whole the form of four large gorges or openings.
The inclined curved grated platform is capable of being reversed, so as
to enable the machine to work in both directions.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TILTING BARRELS, CASKS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1873.
I, JOHN HENRY WILSON, of Armley, near Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TILTING BARRELS, CASKS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES," to
be as follows :-
:-
The Invention consists in an improved self-acting machine or appa-
ratus for tilting barrels, casks, and other receptacles containing liquid
as the liquid decreases in quantity, without disturbing or shaking the
liquid, owing to the movement of the machine being so gradual and
steady. The casks or barrels may be placed either on "gantrees,” on
the floor, or one above the other.
The apparatus is constructed as follows:-Between suitable standards
or framework I fit so as to slide freely in suitable bearings a rod or bar.
On this rod is provided a cross head which carries one end of the rod and
slides on the framework. The upper portion of the framework and the
outer end of the cross head are coupled together by suitable elastic bands
or spiral springs which have a tendency to draw the cross head towards

page_text: the upper part of the framework. At the lower end of the slide bar is
provided a hook which is hooked on to the end of the cask or barrel for
the purpose of tilting it. Before bringing the apparatus into operation
the cross head carrying the hooked end of the slide bar with it is forced
by the operator to a suitable distance from the upper end of the frame,
stretching thereby the spring or elastic band. It is retained in this
position by suitable set screws or their equivalents. The hook is then
attached to the end of the cask or barrel, after which the set screws or
their equivalents are released. As the liquid decreases in quantity the
stretched elastic band or spring draws the cross head towards the upper
end of the framework, carrying with it the hooked bar raising or tilting
thereby the end of the cask or barrel to which it is attached. One or
more elastic bands or springs may be employed when required. The
foot of the framework may be placed against the wall or supported on
any suitable convenient surface.
When preferred I employ a machine of the following construction :-
I provide a bracket mounted on a suitable beam. In suitable bearings
on the bracket I provide an arm fitted so as to work freely. At the end
of the arm is attached a hinged hook which is made to hook in a similar
manner on the end of the barrel or cask to that described to the herein-
before mentioned machine. The arm is acted upon by springs or weights
or their equivalents whereby it is raised. Before bringing the arm into
operation it is forced down as low as may be required by the operator,
and retained in that position by suitable stops or set screws until hooked
on to the barrel; this being done the arm is released and as the liquid
decreases in quantity it raises or tilts the end of the barrel to which the
hook is attached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BALING COTTON AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lumisden Strange at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1878. Partly a communication from abroad by John
Alexander Cameron and John Frior, both of Madras, India.
I, LUMISDEN STRANGE, of 3, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BALING COTTON AND OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for baling
cotton and other materials.
In baling cotton it is now usual to press the fibre between two
grooved surfaces attached respectively to the bed and to the follower of
the press. When the compression is complete hoop iron is passed
through the grooves and bound around the bale, and it is not until the
hoop iron has been securely fastened that the pressure is released.
In place of hoop iron ropes were formerly and still are occasionally
used. Attempts have been made to substitute wire for hoop iron, but all
such attempts have failed and have been abandoned.

page_text: Now I have overcome the difficulties which have hitherto prevented
the use of wire for binding bales, and by its use in lieu of hoop iron or
rope I effect a considerable economy in cost, and what is of even more
importance I retain more effectually the dimensions to which the bale
is reduced by the press, and prevent it expanding when the pressure is t
relieved.
1
In place of using pressing surfaces, having grooves sufficiently wide
to receive hoop iron or ropes, I form these grooves of a width at the
mouth only sufficient to pass the binding wire freely, but the grooves
become wider in receding from the mouth in order that there may be no 1
difficulty in passing the wire through them. This arrangement admits
of the grooves being more numerous than heretofore, and the grooves
being numerous a comparatively fine and easily worked wire may be used,
and further the strain on any one wire will not be such as to cause it to
cut the wrapping cloth. The grooves are brought as close up to the ends
of the bale as possible so that the ends of the bale may be kept to their
proper measurement, and in respect to these grooves, in order to avoid
unduo weakening of the pressing surfaces, the enlargements for facili-
tating the insertion of the wire are made on the inner side only of the
groove. In binding a bale two lengths of lashing wire are used, and the
lashing is commenced at the middle of each length of wire; around one
half of the bale the lashing is wound to the right and around the other
half to the left hand. The two lashings cross each other at the middle
of the bale and the end of one lashing is made fast to the other lashing
at a point at some distance from the centre of the bale, so that the g
fastening is not exposed to any great strain. By lashing bales in this
manner the loss from the swelling of the bale when the pressure is
released is very materially lessened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE APPLICATION OF GUNPOWDER AND OTHER SIMILAR EXPLOSIVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1873.
I, CHARLES HENRY WOOD, Auctioneer and Valuer, residing in Charles
Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE
APPLICATION OF GUNPOWDER AND OTHER SIMILAR EXPLOSIVES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in the application or use of gunpowder and
other similar explosives for the purpose of driving, turning, or actuating
the machinery of grinding wheels, forges, mills, and other similar
works, and for the propelling of ships.
In the first place I make a cylinder round or other shape of iron, steel,
or other metal similar to those now in use in steam engines. A piston is
made to fit inside the cylinder, one end projecting so as to be connected
with the crank or cam of a fly wheel in the side of the cylinder near the
end furthermost from the fly wheel. An aperture or opening is made large
enough to admit readily a proper charge of powder being introduced for

page_text: this purpose. An apparatus similar to a powder flask is placed directly
over the opening and by means of a rod or oscillating movement
actuated by the movement of the piston rod presses upon a spring lever,
which opens a valve and allows only a certain charge of powder to flow
into the opening of the cylinder.
In order to confine the powder and avoid the forcing itself back again
through the opening in the cylinder, a strong band or ring of metal is
fitted around the outside of the cylinder so arranged as to slide over the
opening in the cylinder at each backward movement of the piston,
leaving the same open at each forward motion so as to receive successive
charges in the band or ring directly over and communicating with the
charge. In the opening of the cylinder is a small hole in or upon which a
cap cartridge or small portion of powder is deposited, supplied and
regulated by suitable kind of machinery through the side of the said
ring or band. One end of an electric wire is introduced into the small
hole, the other end communicating with a battery so arranged as to be
attached and become detached at each successive charge. Immediately
the wire touches the battery sufficient heat is conducted along the wire
to the touch-hole in the band or ring to ignite the powder, and so dis-
charge the contents of the cylinder against the piston, and so force
forward the piston which gives motion to the fly wheel, an opening is
made in the under side of the cylinder through which the contents of the
cylinder is discharged after forcing forward the piston.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred William Mason at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1873.
I, ALFRED WILLIAM MASON, of Broad Street, Bloomsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention relates to an apparatus which affords amusement
by the effect it produces of the apparent movements of figures or
objects drawn, printed, or otherwise represented upon a revolving plane
surface.
The said apparatus consists of a disc whereon is carried the picture
or design, and which revolves in one direction upon a vertical shaft
or spindle, and another disc formed with radial slots or apertures-
-placed-centrally upon the top of the spindle above the first disc, and
caused to revolve in the opposite direction; when viewed through-the-
slots or apertures of the upper revolving disc the figures or objects
depicted upon the lower disc will prosent a very remarkable and

page_text: "
amusing appearance, some parts of the design being stationary, while
others rotate on their own axes in different directions, and others
have a radial or oblique motion across the face of the disc, or are
otherwise in motion. This illusive appearance of rest or of motion
depends upon the manner in which the figures or objects are arranged
upon the disc; for example, if a part of the design is a star revolving
on its axis a circle of stars must be represented around the disc, and
in each successive star the points or rays must be shown turned a little
farther round on its axis than in the precceding star.
When the two discs are revolving in opposite directions as above
described the said circle of stars will appear as one star rotating on its
axis.
Other illusive effects will be obtained, such for instance, as the motion
of figures from the contro to the outside of the disc, or vice versa, by
varying the position of successive representations of the said figures upon
the face of the disc.
I prefer that the pictures or designs should be printed or otherwise
produced upon detachable cards or discs which can readily be placed
upon the lower revolving disc, or romoved therefrom, and thereby a
great variety of amusing and interesting effects may be produced.
When the said apparatus is in uso the vertical spindle is mounted
on a neat stand or foot of wood or other suitable material properly
formed to rest firmly upon a table or other flat surface. And the
said apparatus may be taken to pieces and packed in very little space.
Iж- PROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS AND IN CARTRIDGES TO BE EMPLOYED THERE- WITH
Year: 1873

page_text: '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Needham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
January 1873.
I, JOSEPH NEEDHAM, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gun
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Iж-
PROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS AND IN CARTRIDGES TO BE EMPLOYED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in repeating fire-arms
whereby greater simplicity of construction and rapidity of firing are
obtained.
According to my Invention I construct the fire-arm with a magazine
to contain a number of cartridges situate by preference immediately
beneath the barrel, the cartridges being forced from such magazine or
chamber into the breech piece by the action of a helical spring. The
breech chamber is supported on centres or on a pin in the cheeks or side
plates of the gun, and is caused to be opened and closed by means of a
lever, which lever also acts as a trigger to discharge the gun. The
breech chamber is provided with a sliding plug which expells the spent
cartridge cases after each time the piece is fired, this is effected by

page_text: attaching to the sliding plug a pin or pins which pass through a slot or
slots formed in the sides of the breech chamber, which pin or pins work
in curved slots formed in the cheeks of the gun in such a manner as
that when the breech piece is being opened after having discharged the
gun the plug will be caused to slide along the chamber and thereby
expel the spent cartridge case. The tail end of the breech piece is
provided with a hinged piece which engages with the breech opening
lever in such a manner as to cause the front end of the chamber to be
lowered, as the lever is drawn back in opening the breech, and thereby
allows the cartridge case to fall out assisted by the sliding block herein-
before referred to. The breech piece is forced into and held in position
for firing by a projection formed on the breech lever, which projection
working against an eccentric or curved surface formed on the under side
of the breech piece. The gun is cocked by means of a projection formed
on the rear end of the breech piece which projection acts against the
tumbler so as to cause the sear to engage with the bent formed thereon
in the act of opening the breech to discharge the spent cartridge. The
striker is hinged to the tumbler, and works through an opening formed
in the breech piece and in the cartridge case expeller.
The cartridges to be used with my improved fire-arms are constructed
with a projecting rim to fit the chamber of the breech piece in order to
prevent the escape of the gases the projecting rim forming a perfect
joint between the barrel and the breech picce at the time of firing.
The central portion of the metal forming the front end of the cartridge
is turned in to form a chamber to receive the bullet, the opposite and
smaller end being provided with a cap as in the ordinary central-fire
cartridges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NATURAL PHOSPHATES FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED ARTIFICIAL MANURES OR FERTILIZERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joachim Buguin Howard
Howarth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th July 1873.
I, JOACHIM BUGUIN HOWARD HOWARTH, of Caceres, in Spain, but
now residing at Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF NATURAL PHOSPHATES FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING WHAT ARE
COMMONLY CALLED ARTIFICIAL MANURES OR FERTILIZERS, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of treating natural phosphates,
whereby I convert the insoluble phosphoric salts into a soluble state,
which condition is that, as is well known, necessary to constitute
valuable fertilizers. For this purpose I take the natural phosphates
and place them in a vessel lined with lead by preference, and having
closed it by a water or other suitable lute admit thereto the fumes
arising from burning pyrites or other sulphurous ores. These fumes I
supply by suitable pipes, which cause them to mingle freely with the
phosphates, which I propose to moisten with water in order to assist the

page_text: operation of conversion. The process having continued for a time, to be
ascertained by experience, I find that the desired solubility is obtained.
I propose to employ a series of the vessels containing the phosphate
supplied with the sulphurous vapour by a pipe having branches leading
to each of the said vessels, with suitable valves for regulating the flow
and stopping it from one or more, by which means when the operation
is completed in one, the passage of the fumes may be arrested, and the
charge removed. I propose to connect the pipes to the vessels in which
the operation takes place by water lutes capable of sliding, and the said
vessels may then be turned over on trunnions to discharge the contents;
but they may be raked out through an open door. The pyrites may be
employed specially for the purpose of my Invention, or may arise as a
bye product, as in the ordinary burning of sulphurous ores of the copper
manufacture.
.
The above described process may be varied by the addition of water to
the phosphate above that merely necessary to moisten it, so as to wash
out the soluble fertilizer, and the liquor thus obtained may be mixed
with sawdust or other absorbing agent.