Improvements in and connected with Burning Gas-tar or other -Liquid Fuel in Steam-boiler and other Furnaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left; 20th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Burning Gas-tar or other
-Liquid Fuel in Steam-boiler and other Furnaces.
We, WILLIAM BLISS, Wollen Manufacturer and ENOCH BRADBURY, Mechanic, both
of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, and ARTHUR HENRY GIBSON, of 39, Bennetts Hill,
Birmingham, Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The first part of this.invention has reference to improved means for burning gas
tar or other liquid fuel in steam boiler and other furnaces which as applied for instance
to a Lancashire boiler is carried out as follows
We cover the surface of the fire bars which may be of ordinary form with coke
asbestos or other slowly combustible or incombustible material as a medium for
igniting or burning the liquid fuel thrown upon it the said material being by
preference banked up rather higher towards the back of the furnace and in sufficiently
large lumps to allow of a free passage of air therethrough. The gas tar or other
liquid fuel is injected on to the surface of the said material in a very fine stream
which is automatically moved to and fro up and down and across the furnace so as to
be evenly distributed over the whole area.
When the liquid fuel which is injected into the furnace is lighted and has been
burning for a short time the coke asbestos or other slowly combustible or incombustible
material becomes thoroughly hot and forms a mass of incandescent fuel which heats
and burns up the liquid fuel descending upon it.
The second part of this invention has reference to improved mean's for automatically
injecting and distributing the liquid fuel in the furnace and this is carried out as
follows:- -At the front of the furnace we provide an injector pipe by preference of
metal the front end of which projects into the furnace and is provided with a nozzle
or burner having a small orifice through which the liquid fuel passes the area of
this orifice being arranged to be increased or diminished as required so as to regulate
the amount of liquid fuel injected into the furnace, but the means for regulating the
area of this nozzle form no part of this invention. The outer end of this injector
pipe is connected to a supply pipe which supplies liquid fuel under pressure thereto
the injector pipe heing jointed at its outer end so that it can be moved either to or
fro or up or down in any direction around the back end as a centre. We provide
suitable mechanism to operate upon the injection pipe and cause it to oscillate around
its back end and inject the stream of liquid fuel from side to side of the furnace and
at the same time to raise or lower the injection pipe so that the whole of the furnace
bottom will be covered.
This mechanism may be constructed and arranged in various ways such for instance
as the following:-The injector pipe has an inclined piece fixed underneath which
rests upon a roller carried by the lower end of a vertical fork embracing the injector
pipe. This fork is carried by a slide which is moved to and from the front of the
furnace by a bell cranked lever operated by a slowly revolving eccentric. As the
said fork is slowly moved to and fro the said roller acting upon the said inclined part
alternately depresses and elevates the injector pipe so that the liquid fuel is injected
farther into the furnace or nearer to the front. At the same time the injector pipe is
rapidly moved to and fro laterally by the said fork which receives motion along a
slot in the said slide by means of a slotted lever which is caused to vibrate by a

page_text: connecting rod and crank on a revolving shaft on which latter is a worm gearing
with a worm wheel giving motion to the said eccentric. This shaft is provided with
a cone pulley so that the speed at which the injector pipe moves can be regulated.
Dated this 16th low of Annil 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Burning Gas-tar or other
Liquid Fuel in Steam-boiler and other Furnaces.
We, WILLIAM BLISS, Woollen Manufacturer, and ENOCH BRADBURY, Mechanic,
both of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, and ARTHUR HENRY GIBSON, of 39, Bennetts
Hill, Birmingham, Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of the herein described improvements in and connected with
burning gas tar or other liquid fuel in steam boiler and other furnaces and the said
invention as applied for instance to a Lancashire boiler, is carried out as follows:-
We cover the surface of the fire bars which may be of ordinary form with anthracite
coal, coke, asbestos or other slowly combustible or incombustible material as a medium
for igniting or burning the liquid fuel thrown upon it the said material being by
preference banked up rather higher towards the back of the furnace and in sufficiently
large lumps to allow of a free passage of air therethrough. The gas tar or other
liquid fuel is injected on to the surface of the said material in a very fine stream
which is automatically moved to and fro up and down and across the furnace so as to
be evenly distributed over the whole area.
When the liquid fuel which is injected into the furnace lighted and has been
burning for a short time the anthracite coal, coke, asbestos or other slowly com-
bustible or incombustible material becomes thoroughly hot and forms a mass of
incandescent fuel which heats and burns up the liquid fuel descending upon it.
On the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 illustrates in. front elevation a Lancashire
boiler with our invention applied; Fig. 2 is a side elevation and Fig. 3 is a
sectional plan of one of the furnaces of the same and the liquid fuel feeding
mechanism; Fig. 4 is a diagram to illustrate a modification of the same; Figs. 5,
6 and 7 shew the nozzle or burner of the said liquid fuel feeding apparatus and
parts immediately connected therewith on an enlarged scale; Figs. 8 and 9 illus-
trate a modified form of our invention and Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate a further
modification of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all
the Figures of the drawings.
a a are the furnace tubes of the boiler, bare the fire bars of any ordinary kind and
the lumps of anthracite coal, coke, asbestos, or other slowly combustible or incom-
bustible material are marked c. d is the fine stream of tar or other liquid fuel which
issues through the nozzle e under pressure into the furnace and in this example moves
rapidly to and fro across the furnace and at the same time moves slowly to and fro
along the same so that the liquid fuel is distributed over the surface of the furnace in
a zig-zag manner about as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 3. The speed at which
the stream of liquid fuel is moved about over the furnace is such that it reaches the
different parts of the furnace just before the fuel burning there has been consumed so
as to keep up a constant heat. In practice we find that when burning gas tar in a
furnace twenty-six inches wide by six feet long we obtain good results with a nozzle
orifice of about one-twentieth of an inch in diameter and a pressure due to a twenty
foot head, the speed of the stream across the furnace being about fifty double strokes

page_text: per minute during which time the stream noves from the front to the back of the
furnace and back again. From these data the proper speeds at which the stream of
liquid fuel should be moved in furraces of other sizes can readily be calculated.
The apparatus which we prefer to employ for automatically injecting and distributing
the tar or other liquid fuel in the furnace is illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7.
It consists of a main pipe f by which the tar or other liquid fuel descends from a tank
overhead (not shewn upon the drawings) having a flexible hose pipe g for each furnace,
leading respectively to the injector pipes h h which are carried by the horizontal ro
or tube free to slide in bearings k² fixed to the furnace front or otherwise supported.
Each injector pipe h contains a tubular filter form of finely perforated sheet metal
or wire gauze through which the liquid fuel passes and which prevents any solid
particles passing to the nozzle or burner e which as above stated has a very small
orifice e¹ at its front end through which the liquid fuel issues. The said front end is
preferably made as a removable nose m (which may be of hardened steel) so as to be
readily renewed. n is a needle similar to a darning needle passing through the back
end of the nozzle e and furnished at its outer end with a knob n' by which the needle
can be moved either to close the orifice e¹ or to regulate the opening of the same and
the amount of liquid fuel passing therethrough or to remove any obstruction there-
from.
g
The nozzle e projects through the horizontal slot o in the furnace front and has a
combined lateral and angular movement imparted to it by the mechanism represented
as fixed to the front wall of the boiler seating at the right hand side of the boiler. This
mechanism consists of the driving pulley p mounted upon the shaft p' on which is the
worm p² gearing with the worm wheel q below. Fixed to this worm wheel is an
eccentric q which by the eccentric rod 92 and lever q³, rocking shaft q, lever q³, con-
necting rod and lever q' imparts an angular movement to the tube or bar and to
the nozzle or nozzles e carried thereby so as to move the stream of liquid fuel from
front to back of the furnace and vice versa. The lateral movement of the rod or tube j
is obtained by the swinging rod which is suspended at to the slide 2 and is caused
to oscillate by the crank pin on the disc 24 fixed to the shaft pl. The lower part of
the rod r is slotted and embraces a roller at the forked end of the rod or tube j. The
part of this rod or tube is preferably made square in cross section and the hole in
the lever g' is of corresponding form so that whilst the rod or tubej is being turned
by the lever q it can also slide to and fro.
From actual experiment we have found that the combined rapid lateral and slow
angular movement of the nozzle gives the best results, but we do not limit our
invention to this, as it will be evident that the stream of liquid fuel can be arranged to
move in other ways without departing from the spirit of our invention. For instance
if the nozzle has a combined slow lateral and rapid angular movement the liquid fuel
will be distributed in a zig-zag fashion up and down the furnace as shewn on the small
scale diagram Fig. 4, and this can be obtained by transposing the positions of the
worm p² and worm wheel q.
In the modification illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9 the injector tube h is arranged to
swing about its back end as a centre to which the flexible pipe g is fixed. In this
example the oscillating rod r which imparts the lateral movement to the nozzle e is
arranged horizontally and connected at one end to the crank pin 3 by the connecting
rod The slotted end of the rod embraces the upper part of the fork which
is fixed to the slide 7 free to move along the guides . The fork embraces the
injector tube so as to allow of the tube moving up or down. The injector tube h
is raised or lowered by the fork 7 moving to and fro along the same a roller 10 at the
bottom of the fork acting upon an incline ¹ fixed to the underside of the injector tube h.
The slide is moved to and fro along the guides by the eccentric rod q² which is
connected thereto by the bell-crank lever q8 turning on the pin q. This mechanism
is carried by a brackets fixed to the boiler front or otherwise.
In the modification illustrated by Figs. 10 and 11 the nozzle e has a rapid circular
movement in a vertical plane which causes the stream of liquid fuel to make
an oval path on the furnace bottom and by the back end of the injector tube being

page_text: slowly moved up and down a series of ovals are formed on the furnace bottom crossing
each other. The circular motion of the nozzle is obtained by the nozzle passing through
a hole which is eccentric in the revolving disc t¹ carried by the guides this disc
receiving rotary motion by the pulley 3 fixed to the disc t'. The back end of the
injector tube his supported on the cam u and guided vertically by the guides u¹. The
cam u mounted on the shaft u² is caused to revolve slowly by a pin t on the disc t¹
which at every revolution turns the cog wheel u³ on the shaft u² through the space
of one tooth.
In the arrangement illustrated by Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the tube or rod j can be continued
so as to carry any number of injector tubes and nozzles so as to feed a range of
furnaces provided they are in a parallel line and thus one set of mechanism will serve
for a range of boilers.
Our invention can be applied to other furnaces similarly as above described with
reference to a steam boiler furnace.
In conclusion we wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to the
precise details hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings
as the same can be varied without departing from the nature of our invention, nor do
we make any claim to the particular form of injector tube, filter and nozzle herein before
described and illustrated as these form no part of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is
1. The herein described improved method of burning gas tar or other liquid fuel in
steam boiler and other furnaces which consists in injecting the tar or other liquid fuel
into the furnace in a fine stream which is automatically moved about over the
incandescent surface so as to be evenly or nearly evenly distributed thereon sub-
stantially as set forth.
2. In apparatus for carrying out the method claimed by the preceeding claim the
employment of a nozzle through which the gas tar or other liquid fuel issues the said
nozzle having an automatic compound motion so as to deliver the liquid fuel over the
different parts of the incandescent surface at regularly recurring intervals for
the purpose and substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. Mechanism arranged to operate substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and by Figs. 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings
so as to impart a combined lateral and angular movement to the nozzle through which
the liquid fuel issues in a fine stream, for the purpose and substantially as herein before
set forth.
4. Mechanism arranged to operate substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Figs. 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings so as to impart a com-
bined circular and up and down movement to the nozzle through which the liquid
fuel issues in a fine stream, for the purpose and substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.
Dated this 17th day of January 1800
WILLIAM BLISS.
ENOCH BRADBURY.
ARTHUR HENRY GIBSON.