Improvements in or connected with “Lift” Valves or Valvular Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application; so
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with “Lift” Valves or Valvular
Apparatus.
I, STRETHILL HARRY WRIGHT, of Ganarew Manor House, near Monmouth,
in the County of Hereford, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the operation, that is closing and opening, and
controlling the action of, valves consisting of a disc or plate fixed at or about its
edge, and resting upon a seat in the valve casing, the pressure of water, (or other
liquid) acting upon the upper. side of the valve tending to close it, and keep it
closed, i.e. valves of the lift or mushroom type; but it has special reference to the
operation and control of valves of this type of the larger sizes; and the chief object
of the invention is to provide a simple means for or mode of operating lift valves
of large sizes, in some cases automatically, and in other cases non-automatically, by
hand, by which the valve may be shut and opened without concussion, practically,
and be under control at all times; and, in the case of a hand actuated valve, with
the expenditure of a very small power and energy.
A valve or valvular apparatus according to this invention comprises in
combination, the employment, in connection with the valve proper, of a piston,
of larger area than the valve, working in a cylinder, the water on the pressure
side of the valve acting also upon the underside of the piston; a communication
passage to the upper side of the piston for the admission of water at the cylinder
above it; and a passage of greater area, controlled by a controlling valve, for
carrying away said water so admitted, when desired; and in connection with said
controlling valve an actuating means or mechanism is provided, by which the
operation of the main valve is rendered steady, and its settlement on its seat, and
In an automatically operated
complete opening, are effected, without concussion.
valve, or one that can be operated, practically, wholly by the pressure of water
which the valve has to pass, a pressure above the piston is created, and this is caused
by proportioning the area of inlet to its cylinder, to that of the outlet, which is
governed by the controlling valve, so as to cause the pressure in said cylinder to be
greater than that of the exhaust side of the valve, and less than that of the inlet or
supply side of the main valve. This pressure is utilized to act upon a piston
working in a cylinder, directly connected with, or having on it, the controlling
valve, the said cylinder being in communication with the upper side of the main
valve cylinder by a passage of small area; and it is so adapted to operate, that when
the full pressure is relieved from above the piston, the pressure acting on the
underside will lift the controlling valve off its seat, and open the exit passage from
the main cylinder, whereupon, the pressure beneath the piston thereof lifts the
valve quietly off its seat; and the flow of water to the annular piston being small,
the rise of said piston is comparatively slow and steady. Then, this apparatus is
so arranged that when said relief passage is closed, the pressure on the piston ant
valve tending to close it is greater than that tending to move it in the opposite
direction, to the extent of the pressure acting on the area of the release passage
covered by the controlling valve, and thus the valve is gradually moved towards its
seat and gently closed without concussion; and this valve also in other cases, where

page_text: it is actuated by hand operated mechanism direct, is so arranged that the pressure
of water tends to keep it upon its seat; and is so mounted as to be free to do so.
The relief of the small piston is effected by a valve controlling a passage from its
cylinder, which is either actuated by a lever by hand, or opens itself when the
pressure of water upon it reaches a certain point. The area of this relief passage
is larger than that through which the water passes in to the top of the cylinder.
In one form of apparatus, where the controlling valve is operated or controlled
by the release or holding of pressure on both, or one, side of a supplementary piston
working a cylinder, the piston may have a trunk or hollow rod, which passes through
the end of such cylinder (disposed in the main piston cylinder), on the lower end of
which piston the controlling valve is suitably and adjustably mounted. By this, an
annular space beneath the supplementary piston is formed into which the pressure
from the main cylinder passes, and this entrance may be effected by making the
trunk a loose fit in the cylinder neck, or by providing a small aperture for it, or both.
The cylinder on the other side of the piston is covered, and communication between
this space (which is open to the trunk in some cases), and the annular space, is
made, either by a small aperture, or by making the piston a free fit, that is, not
quite water tight, or both. On or connected with the upper side of the cylinder,
the relief valve controlling a small passage therefrom is provided.
In addition to this mechanism, in some cases I provide a screw spindle, operated
by a handle or suitable means from outside, and working in connection with a nut
or equivalent device, which operates upon the upper part of the controlling valve
piston. By this means, by turning the handle up or down, the piston will be moved,
and the controlling valve moved towards and onto its seat on the main piston, and
removed from off same, at will, and so close and keep closed, or open, the valve.
The screw spindle may have a stop device of a suitable kind in connection with
it, by which, when it is rotated to a given point, it is stopped, and limit of the lift
or rise of the piston and valve, thereby provided.
Under this invention therefore, a valve is adapted to act either automatically, or
non-automatically by hand, in the manner herein described; or, it can be set to
open to any desired degree; it can be checked at any part of its opening or
closing; and it opens or closes without jar.
In action, the valve for relieving or closing the upper side of the secondary piston.
cylinder, is opened, whereupon the controlling valve piston rises in the cylinder
thereof, and water escapes past the large piston and from or past the annular piston
or space, and discharges through the said relief valve.
To close the main valve, the relief valve is shut, when the controlling valve piston,
and its valve, gradually descends, and the large piston retreats before it gradually,
until the valve comes upon its seat, the closing being made with a hardly perceptible
concussion.
When the hand operating gear is used to open the valve, the pressure above the
piston being relieved, by turning the actuating handle or wheel in one direction, the
nut is lifted off the annular piston, and the pressure of water beneath the piston
lifts it, and so removes the controlling valve from off its seat on the main piston ;
whereby the space above the piston is relieved, the water passing by the passage
through the piston and valve into the discharge side of such valve, whereupon the
pressure under the main piston being greater than that above it, raises it, and the.
main valve off its seat, as stated. So soon as the annular piston rises to the under
surface of the nut, so that the space between the nut and the piston is less than the
area by which water passes through the piston or its trunk, pressure is exerted in
all directions so as to prevent a further rise, and the whole valvular apparatus is
practically in a state of equilibrium, but with a slight opening tendency, so that the
large valve does not drop. If it be desired to open the valve further, if the nut
be raised, the piston will follow it, if it be depressed, it will depress the whole
apparatus, and finally close the large valve.
It is to be stated that the improvements herein described may be applied in part
or in whole in connection with valves or valvular apparatus, and the forms,.

page_text: arrangements, and constructions of parts may be modified and combined in different
ways without departing from the main or essential characteristics thereof.
Dated this 24th day of April 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
Improvements in or connected with "Lift" Valves or Valvular
Apparatus.
I, STRETHILL HARRY WRIGHT, of Ganarew Manor House, near Monmouth,
in the County of Hereford, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the operation, that is closing or opening, and
controlling the action of, valves consisting of a disc or plate fixed at or about its
edge, and resting upon a seat in the valve casing, the pressure of water, (or other
liquid) acting upon the upper side of the valve tending to close it, and keep it
closed, i.e. valves of the lift or mushroom type; but it has special reference to the
operation and control of valves of this type of the larger sizes; and the chief
object of the invention is to provide a simple means for or mode of operating lift
valves of large sizes, in some cases automatically, and in other cases non-automatically,
by hand, by which the valve may be shut and opened without concussion, practically,
and be under control at all times; and, in the case of a hand actuated valve, with
the expenditure of a very small power and energy.
A valve or valvular apparatus according to this invention comprises in
combination, the employment, in connection with the valve proper, of a piston, of
larger area than the valve, working in a cylinder, the water on the
side of
pressure
the valve acting also upon the underside of the piston; a communication passage
to the upper side of the piston for the admission of water at the cylinder above it;
and a passage controlled by a controlling valve, for carrying away said water so
admitted, when desired; and in connection with the said controlling valve an
actuating means or mechanism is provided, by which the operation of the main
valve is rendered steady, and its settlement on its seat and complete opening, are
effected, without concussion. In an automatically operated valve, or one that can
be operated, practically, wholly by the pressure of water which the valve has to
pass, a pressure above the piston is created, and this is caused by proportioning the
area of inlet to its cylinder, to that of the outlet, which is governed by the
controlling valve, so as to cause the pressure in said cylinder to be greater than
that of the exhaust side of the valve, and less than that of the inlet or
supply side
of the main valve. This pressure is utilized to act upon the piston working in a
cylinder, directly connected with, or having on it, the controlling valve, the said
cylinder being in communication with the upper side of the main valve cylinder by
a passage of small area; and it is so adapted to operate that when the full pressure
is relieved from above the piston, the pressure acting on the underside will lift the
controlling valve off its seat, and open the exit passage from the main cylinder,
whereupon, the pressure beneath the piston thereof lifts the valve quietly off its
seat; and the flow of water to the abnular piston being small, the rise of said
piston is comparatively slow and steady. Then this apparatus so arranged that
when said relief passage is closed, the pressure on the piston and valve tending to
close it is greater than that tending to move it in the opposite direction, to the
extent of the pressure acting on the area of the release passage covered by the
controlling valve, and thus the valve is gradually moved towards its seat and

page_text: gently closed without concussion; and this valve also in other cases, where it is
actuated by hand operated mechanism direct, is so arranged that the pressure of
water tends to keep it upon its seat; and is so mounted as to be free to do so.
The relief of the small piston is effected by a valve controlling a passage from its
cylinder, which is either actuated by a lever by hand, or opens itself when the
pressure of water upon it reaches a certain point. The area of this relief.
passage is larger than that through which the water passes in to the top of the
cylinder.
In one form of apparatus, where the controlling valve is operated or controlled
by the release or holding of pressure on both, or one, side of a supplementary
piston working a cylinder, the piston may have a trunk or hollow rod, which passes
through the end of such cylinder (disposed in the main piston cylinder), on the
lower end of which piston the controlling valve is suitably and adjustably mounted.
By this, an annular space beneath the supplementary piston is formed into which
the pressure from the main cylinder passes, and this entrance may be effected by
making the trunk a loose fit in the cylinder neck, or by providing a small aperture
for it, or both. The cylinder on the other side of the piston is covered, and
communication between this space (which is open to the trunk in some cases), and
the annular space, is made, either by a small aperture, or by making the piston a
free fit, that is, not quite water tight, or both. On or connected with the upper
side of the cylinder, the relief valve controlling a small passage therefrom is
provided.
In addition to this mechanism, in some cases I provide a screw spindle, operated
by a handle or suitable means from outside, and working in connection with a nut
or equivalent device, which operates upon the upper part of the controlling valve
piston. By this means, by turning the handle up or down, the piston will be
moved, and the controlling valve moved towards and onto its seat on the main
piston, and removed from off same, at will, and so close and keep closed, or open,
the valve.
The screw spindle may have a stop device of a suitable kind in connection with
it, by which, when it is rotated to a given point, it is stopped, and limit of the lift
or rise of the piston and valve, thereby provided.
Under this invention therefore, a valve is adapted to act either automatically, or
non-automatically by band, in the manner herein described; or, it can be set to
open to any desired degree; it can be checked at any part of its opening or closing;
and it opens or closes without jar.
In action, the valve for relieving or closing the upper side of the secondary
piston cylinder, is opened, whereupon the controlling valve piston rises in the
cylinder thereof, and water escapes past the large piston and from or past the
annular piston or space, and discharges through the said relief valve.
To close the main valve, the relief valve is shut, when the controlling valve
piston, and its valve, gradually desceud, and the large piston retreats before it
gradually until the valve comes upon its scat, the closing being made with a hardly
perceptible concussion.
When the hand operating gear is used to open the valve, the pressure above the
piston being relieved by turning the actuating handle or wheel in one direction, the
nut is lifted off the annular piston, and the pressure of water beneath the piston
lifts it, and so removes the controlling valve from off its seat on the main piston;
whereby, the space above the piston is relieved, the water passing by the passage
through the piston and valve into the discharge side of such valve, whereupon the
pressure under the main piston being greater than that above it, raises it, and the
inain valve off its seat, as stated. So soon as the annular piston rises to the under
surface of the nut, so that the space between the nut and the piston is less than the
area by which water passes through the piston or its trunk, pressure is exerted in
all directions so as to prevent a further rise, and the whole valvular apparatus is
practically in a state of equilibrium, but with a slight opening tendency, so that
the large valve does not drop. If it be desired to open the valve further, if the
t

page_text: nut be raised, the piston will follow it; if it be depressed, it will depress the whole
apparatus, and finally close the large valve.
It is to be stated that the improvements herein described may be applied in part
or in whole in connection witli valves or valvular apparatus, and the forms,
arrangements, and constructions of parts may be modified and combined in
different ways without departing from the main or essential characteristics
thereof.
Valvular apparatus illustrative of this invention are given in the accompanying
drawings.
In these drawings,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation shewing a large valve fitted with automatic or
hand actuated controlling apparatus, and
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation and Figure 3 a plan, shewing the controlling
apparatus in detail to a larger scale.
Figure 4 shews a similar valve to that shewn in Figure 1, but with a hand
actuated controlling or operating means only.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1, 2 and 3, it will be seen that the
valve shewn is of the lift type, the valve being designated a. It is raised and
lowered off and on to an annular seat b, and is disposed in the casing e, of which dis
the inlet branch and ethe outlet branch. The upper part of the casing c marked c',
constitutes a true cylinder, and is bored; and in it works the piston f, which is
connected with and moves the valve a by the hollow connecting stem 9, in
which is the passage for the escape of water from the cylinder c. When the
valve a is upon its seat, and equal pressures exist on the opposite sides of the
piston, the pressure of water on the valve a will keep it upon its seat; and when
the valve is open, the pressure of water, due to its velocity past it, tends also to
move it towards its seat. As regards the parts of the apparatus for effecting the
opening and closing of the valve a, these are fastened in the cover h of the body of
the valve, which forms a roof to the cylinder c. This apparatus, in this case,
comprises a secondary piston i, working in a cylinder j mounted upon the cover h;
and has a trunk, which is closed at its lower eud. This trunk fits and works
through the neck of the cylinder j. On the lower end of this trunk the
controlling valve k is carried. Upon the cover of the cylinder j, a relief valve m
is provided, by which the action of the piston i and controlling apparatus is
governed; and the chamber m', in which this relief valve is placed, is in
communication with the cylinder by the passage n.
This valve m has a stem m²
which passes through the cover of the chamber m', and upon it a lever o,
fulcrummed at o!, rests; and the weight of this lever (or a weight placed upon it)
normally keeps the passage n closed. This constitutes the means by which the
valvular apparatus is adapted to act automatically, that is, the valve a to open or
close automatically according to the pressure of water; however, if this valve m be
operated by hand, that is opened and closed by hand; the opening and closing of
the valve a is non-automatic as regards this part of the apparatus. The means by
which the piston i and valve k can be worked by hand, consists of the screwed
spindle supported and working in the cover of the cylinder j, and a nut g
working on p, this nut being prevented from turning by, and works up and down
on, the rods r fixed or held by the cover . The nut q is of such a size as to bear
upon the upper edges of the annular piston i. This screwed spindle q is actuated
by a handle s, and the number of turns which it receives to effect the complete
opening of the valve, is governed by a worm t on it, and a toothed wheel t¹
supported upon the cover 7, in which wheel a solid part 3 (see Figure 3) exists, in
contact with which part the screw comes, when the limit of upward movement
of the piston is reached, and so prevents further rotation of the spindle p.
The valve k is connected to the trunk by a screwed spindle k', which screws
through the end of the trunk, and is adjustable in same by screwing it up or down
therein.

page_text: The valve works in connection with the upper orifice of the passage g', and 'is
supported more or less loosely by or on the end of the spindle as shewn,
so as to allow of a small amount of movement or adjustment of the valve on the
spindle.
The general action of the whole apparatus and parts are as follows:-
When the valve a is upon its seat, the pressure of water on the upper side of the
piston (ie. in the cylinder e') is equal to that on the under side, viz., the pressure
in the casing e; water being admitted to the cylinder e¹ from e by making the
piston a slack fit in the cylinder c', or by providing one or more apertures of
regulated area through the piston itself. The piston f, and with it the valve a,
raised when the pressure in the cylinder e above it is less than that in the case o
under the piston, the lifting being due to the area of the piston being larger than
that of the valve a, and to the superior pressure specified acting on this underside;
and the diminution of pressure within the cylinder c is caused by the opening of
the passage g¹ by the removal of the valve from its upper end. This action or
movement of the valve k is effected by the pressure of water in the cylinder c, which
acts upon the piston of the cylinder ; and the movement or action of this
secondary piston is caused by the relief and retention of pressure of water above
it, the relief causing the valve k to be lifted, and the retention of the pressure above
it causing the valve to close onto its seat round the opening g, the pressure
thereon tending to close it being greater than that in the opposite direction; and
this relief and closure of pressure in the cylinder is effected by the opening and
closing of the passage n by the lifting or shutting of the valve m. To produce
these effects, and the proper action of the controlling valve & through the piston i,
the pressure in the cylinder c¹ should be such as to be higher, when the valve k is
opened, than the pressure of water on the outlet side of the valve a, and lower than
the pressure on the underside of the piston fin the case e; and this is produced by
suitably proportioning the area of the outlet gl to the area of supply from c to the
cylinder (which is afforded by making the piston fa loose fit, or by way of
apertures of regulated area through it), i.e. by making the outlet capacity or
area g' greater than the supply from c to c. By this, when the valve k is lifted off
its seat, there will always exist a substantial pressure in c', which pressure can be
and is utilized as a motive power for lifting the piston . Assuming then that the
valve a is closed and k is upon its seat, and the valve m is also closed: (the piston i
in this state of things being at the outer end of its stroke, that is the lower end of
the cylinder); under these conditions, the pressure in c¹ will be that of the
pressure in the casing e under the piston, that is, the pressure of the water which
is being held back by the valve a; and this pressure having access to the
underside of the piston by way of leakage, between the trunk and the neck j
and to the space in the cylinder above the piston by the small hole 2 in the end of
the trunk, a pressure will exist ou the valve k which tends to keep, and does keep
upon its seat, and so the passage g' is closed. This normal tendency of the valve
to close the passage g' is the necessary state and action to produce the gentle
settling of the valve a upon its seat, and the upward movement and stopping of
the piston and valve without material concussion. Then to open the valve a, the
valve m is first lifted so as to uncover the passage n, the effect of which is that the
discharge from the upper side of the piston i and cylinder is free to take place,
and the pressure therein is relieved; and so long as this valve m is open, the
pressure above i will be less than that under it. The pressure, therefore, of the
cylinder acting upwards upon piston i, lifts it, and with it, the valve k off its seat,
and so uncovers the opening g', whereupon the pressure in the cylinder c¹ above the
piston f is reduced (but it remains at a pressure greater than the pressure on the
discharge branch e, due to the passage g being of less area than the area or passage
supplying the cylinder from the casing c), and the superior pressure on its under
side lifts the piston f, and with it, the valve a off its seat; and this lifting and
opening action will go on until the upward movement of the piston i is arrested, the
it

page_text: piston following the valve as it moves upward. The arrest of this upward
movement of i is effected by the piston arriving at the upper end of its stroke, or by
means hereafter described."
As the piston follows the valve k, the seat around the mouth of the passage g'
will be in close proximity to the underside of k, and it will, therefore, directly upon
the stopping of the rise of the piston i and valve k, stop the rise of the piston f.
and without concussion. The piston f will remain with the valve a in this position,
so long as this condition of the parts remains.
To close the valve a, that is to lower it on to its seat, the exit of water past the
valve m from the cylinder is stopped by closing the passage n by the valve m.
By this, the pressure of the water at the opposite sides of the piston i becomes
equal; and as the area of the valve acted upon by the water, tending to press
it
down, is greater than that acted upon in the opposite direction, the valve kis
pressed towards its seat on g¹; the effect of which is that the pressure on the
opposite sides of the piston f becomes such that it, and the valve a, descends, and,
as the valve k keeps falling, so the piston with the valve a retreats steadily before
it; this retreating action being attained by the pressure on k tending to close the
orifice g', and the construction described. The descent, therefore, of the piston f
and valve a by this means is rendered steady and regular, and the valve a comes on
to and is placed upon its seat without concussion; this action also being most
satisfactorily attained by mounting the valve k in its spindle, with a small amount
of movement the construction shewn in Figure 2 provides this. As regards the
nett pressure acting upon the valve k tending to close the passage g', in some cases.
this pressure will be that equal to the pressure of water acting upon an area equal
to that of the escape tube 9; or, where a spindle acts in connection with the valve,
the spindle is made smaller than said tube, and the nett pressure acting upon the
back of the valve tending to close it, is that due to the pressure acting upon
the nett area between that of the spindle and that of the escape tube.
When the hand operating gear is used to open the valve a, the pressure above the
piston being relieved, and the nut y resting upon the piston i, by turning the
actuating handles in one direction, the nut q is lifted off the annular pistoni, and
the pressure of water beneath the piston lifts it, and so removes the controlling
valve from off its seat round the passage. g. The space above the piston /
is thereby relieved, the water passing by the passages g' into the outlet e; and the
pressure under the piston f being greater than that above it, raises it, and lifts the
valve a off its seat, as stated. So soon as the piston i rises to the under surface of
the nut q, so that the space between the nut and the piston is less than the area by
which water passes through the piston or its trunk, pressure is exerted in all
directions so as to prevent a further rise, and the whole valvular apparatus is
practically in a state of equilibrium, but with a slight opening tendency, so that
the valve a does not drop. If it is desired to open the valve further, if the nut q
be raised, the piston will follow it; if it be depressed, the piston fand valve a will.
retreat before the valve k, and finally place the valve a upon its seat without
concussion. The descent by means of the rotation of the screw spindlet and nut q
being necessarily a comparatively slow movement, a very rapid closing of the
valve a on its seat cannot be made. Also, by this device of the spindle and the
nut 9 the amount of opening of the valve a can be varied at will and fixed as
required.
Referring now to the valve shewn in Figure 4, this valve shews a simple hand.
actuated valve, wherein the screwed spindle p is directly connected with the
valve k, the connection of the valve k with the part which carries it, being more or
less free or loose. The means by which the movement, up and down, of the valvek
is effected, consists of a sleeve closed at its lower end, and to which the spindle
of the valve k is attached, as shewn; the sleeve being worked up and down by the
thread of the spindle p. In this case, the piston is shewn provided with
apertures, which form communication between its under and upper sides; and
these apertures have a combined area less than the area of the relief or discharge:

page_text: passage o of the spindle g. By so proportioning these areas, when the valve k is
raised off its seat, the pressure in the cylinder el is diminished, and affords the
necessary difference of pressure for action upon the under side of the piston to
raise it. The relative proportions of these areas should be such, that when the
valve is moved from its seat, the pressure acting upwards on the piston is
sufficient to raise the piston and follow the valve k. In this case, as in the other
above described, the valve k is so constructed and arranged that a nett effective
pressure acting upon its back tends to close it, that is, to move it towards and onto
its seat at the orifice of the passage g¹.
In action, in this case, the upward movement of the valve k is effected by turning
the hand wheels and screw p in one direction, a gradual lifting of the valve k off
its seat being thereby effected. By this action, the pressure in c is relieved, and
the pist nf, and with it the valve a, rises from off its seat, the piston following
closely to the valve k. As soon as the rotation of the wheels ceases, the piston f
stops, and without concussion. In the reverse operation, when the wheel s is turned
in the opposite direction, and the valve k moved towards its seat, the pressure in c
rises, and the valve and piston fall; and if this motion is continued, the piston
with the valve a, gradually retreats before the valve k, and when it reaches the
Beat & becomes placed gently thereon with little or no concussion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvement connected with valvular apparatus,
consisting of a valve disposed within a casing, and wherein the pressure of the
water controlled thereby tends to close it, and having connected with it a piston
working in a cylinder, to and from which the water in the valve casing can pass in
regulated quantity; a passage in said piston cominunicating between the said
cylinder and a suitable outlet; and a valve working in connection with said
passage, the tendency or movement of which is to close said passage, the said valve
being, by means substantially as described, gradually raised and lowered, whereby
the settling or placing of the valve upon its seat, and the stopping of same in its
opening action, is effected without concussion; for the purposes set forth.
2. In a valvular apparatus wherein the valve proper is opened and closed by a
piston connected with it by the variation of pressure on the opposite sides thereof,
as described, and having a passage connecting said piston cylinder with the
discharge pipe or other outlet, a controlling valve working in connection with said
passage and operated or controlled substantially as described, that is moved up or
down, by means of the pressure of water in the apparatus and a relief device or
valve, by which the controlling valve is caused to be lifted off its seat by relieving
the pressure therefrom, and pressed towards its seat by the closing of such relief
device or valve; for the purposes described.
3. In a valvular apparatus wherein the valve is closed and opened by the
pressure of water acting upon the opposite sides of a piston working in a cylinder
and connected with said valve, a controlling valve working in connection with a
passage in said piston-and communicating with the discharge or outlet,-and
adapted to be moved up and down through a secondary piston, the inlet to the
main piston cylinder, and the passage (ie. the outlet therefrom) governed by the
controlling valve, being proportioned so as to cause such a pressure to exist in
the main piston cylinder (though less than the full pressure in the valve outside it)
as will actuate the said secondary piston, said piston being adapted to rise by
relieving the pressure from one side thereof, and to fall by withholding such relief;
substantially as described.
4. In a valvular apparatus wherein the valve is closed and opened by the pressure
of water acting on the opposite sides of a piston working in a cylinder, and
connected with said valve, a controlling valve working in connection with a passage
in said piston-and communicating with the discharge or outlet, a secondary

page_text: piston connected with said valve and working in a cylinder; and a valve connected
with the said secondary piston cylinder, and adapted, when the pressure of water
reaches a given point, to be opened and relieve the pressure on one side of the
piston, whereby said secondary piston and the controlling valve are caused to be
raised and said passage to be opened, and when the pressure falls, to close said
relief, and cause the pressure on said valve to press it towards said passage, and
close the valve; operating substantially as described.
5. In a valvular apparatus wherein the valve is closed and opened by the
pressure
of water acting on the opposite sides of a piston working in a cylinder, and
connected with said valve, a controlling valve working in connection with a passage
in said piston-and communicating between said piston cylinder and a discharge or
outlet, and having connected with it a secondary piston and eylinder, and a relief
valve connected therewith, by which, by the relieving and closing of said relief
valve cylinder, the controlling valve is raised or lowered, and causes said main
piston and valve to be raised and lowered; operating substantially as herein set
forth.
6. In a valvular apparatus having a valve opened and closed by the pressure of
water acting on the opposite sides of a piston working in a cylinder, and connected
with said valve, and through the opening or closing of a passage through said
piston and communicating with a discharge or outlet, a valve for opening and
closing or controlling said passage, and moved by means such as described towards
and away from its seat thereon, and constructed substantially as described, as to
create a nett effective pressure on the back thereof, thereby causing a normal
tendency to press said valve onto its seat and close the said passage, whereby when
said valve is moved up or dowo, the piston follows it and retreats before it,
alternately, and concussion is obviated when the valve is stopped, or placed upon
its seat.
7. The valvular apparatus having parts arranged, constructed, and adapted to
operate, as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the
drawings.
8. The valvular apparatus or device for use in connection with the operation of
valves of the kind herein referred to, set forth with reference to and shewn in
Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings.
9. The valvular apparatus constructed and operating as set forth with reference
to and shewn in Figure 4 of the drawings.
Dated this 24th 1- ST1902
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.