Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Carpets and other like Fabrics and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Apr., 1891-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Carpets and other like
Fabrics and Apparatus therefor.
We, JOHN CROSSLEY AND SONS LIMITED, of Dean Clough Mills, Halifax, in
the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers, and ANTOINE SIRET, of 20 York
Terrace, Akroydon, Halifax aforesaid, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of carpets, rugs and other pile fabrics
such as are known as Oriental carpets or fabrics that is to say, of carpets or fabrics
in which the pile is tied in the body of the fabric by means of the true Persian or
Oriental knot which has hitherto been produced or formed by hand in the manu-
facture of Oriental carpets in the looms of the East.
According to our invention we arrange and interweave the ground warps or
binding threads with the pile threads by automatic or mechanical means in such a
manner as to cause ground warps or binding threads to produce the true Persian
or Oriental knot and we thereby produce a new manufacture of carpets and
fabrics.
For this purpose in arranging the ground warps or binding threads we separate
them into groups of two alternately in front and behind the point where the
knot is to be formed, by means of dividing combs adapted to be moved up and
down and to and fro. In order to form the knot we make use of what we term
thread turners or loopers. These thread turners or loopers are made somewhat in
the form of small crescents and are provided on their peripheries with grooves
adapted to receive the ground warp or binding threads. Backward and forward
and rotary motions are communicated to the loopers by suitable means and the
loopers acting in combination with the forked teeth of a comb adapted to take
hold of the ground warp threads form or twist the ground warp threads into
loops, the tension of these threads being slackened for this purpose. Through
the loops thus formed tubes or guides or carriers carrying the pile threads are
now passed in a slanting direction the pile threads being held by suitable nippers
or holders. The free ends of the pile threads where they have been passed
through the loops are laid hold of by suitable nippers and the tubes having been
withdrawn from the loops and the ground warp threads having been released by
the loopers and forked comb and the tension of or upon the ground warp threads
being renewed, the knot is formed and the pile thread is cut by a suitable knife
or cutting instrument the top of the batten having a groove to allow of this
being done.
Modifications of the mechanism above referred to may be employed for producing
true knots such as are above mentioned by substituting parts that will act similarly
to those we have indicated as being suitable.
T
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Carpets and other like
Fabrics and Apparatus therefor.
We, JOHN CROSSLEY & SONS LIMITED, of Dean Clough Mills, Halifax, in
the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers, and ANTOINE SIRET, of 20, York
Terrace, Akroydon, Halifax aforesaid, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to the manufacture of carpets, rugs, and other pile fabrics
such as are known as Oriental carpets or fabrics, that is to say, of carpets or
fabrics in which the pile is tied in the body of the fabric by means of the true
Persian or Oriental knot which has hitherto been produced or formed by hand in
the case of the manufacture of Oriental carpets in the looms of the East.
According to our invention. we arrange and interweave the ground warps or
binding threads with the pile threads by automatic or mechanical means in such a
manner as to cause ground warps or binding threads to produce the true Persian
or Oriental knot and we thereby produce a new manufacture of carpets and
fabrics.
For this purpose in arranging the ground warps or binding threads we separate
them into groups of two alternately in front and behind the point where the knot
is to be formed, by means of dividing combs adapted to be moved up and down and
to-and-fro. In order to form the knot we make use of what we term thread-turners
or loopers. These thread-turners or loopers are made somewhat in the form of
small crescents and are provided on their peripheries with grooves adapted to
receive the ground warp or binding threads. Backward and forward and rotary
motions are communicated to the loopers by suitable means and the loopers acting
in combination with the forked teeth of a comb adapted to take hold of the ground
warp threads, form or twist the ground warp threads into loops, the tension of these
threads being slackened for this purpose. Through the loops thus formed tubes
or guides or carriers carrying the pile threads are now passed in a slanting direction,
the pile threads being held by suitable nippers or holders. The free ends of the
pile threads when they have been passed through the loops are laid hold of by
suitable nippers and the tubes having been withdrawn from the loops and the
ground warp threads having been released by the loopers and forked comb and the
tension of or upon the ground warp threads being renewed, the knot is formed and
the pile thread is cut by a suitable knife or cutting instrument, the top of the batten
having a groove to allow of this being done.
Modifications of the mechanism above referred to may be employed for producing
truc knots, such as are above mentioned, by substituting parts that will act
similarly to those we have indicated as being suitable.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood we will describe how it
can be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings which
illustrate in detail the different parts of apparatus or mechanism suitable for the
manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics according to our invention.
Figure is a longitudinal section shewing more particularly the general con-
struction of the mechanism for operating the forked comb and one of the dividing
combs:
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the mechanism for giving the necessary
direction to the pile thread tubes or carriers :
Figure 24 is a plan of part of Figure 2:
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the mechanism for regulating_the_inclination
of the pile thread nippers and for imparting a lateral motion to the pile thread
tubes or carriers:
Figures 4, 44, 4 and 5 are plans of parts of Figure 3:

page_text: Figures 9 and 10 are side and edge views respectively of one of the thread-
turners or loopers :
Figures 11 and 12 are side and edge views respectively of one of the teeth of
the dividing combs:
Figures 13, 14 and 15 are side, edge and plan views respectively of one of the
teeth of the forked comb :
Figures 16, 164 and 16 are sectional side elevations; and,
Figure 17 is a plan of the pile thread tubes, guides or carriers with their nippers
or holders:
Figures 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34 and 35 are sectional elevations; and,
Figures 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 are plan views illustrating the various
stages of the manufacture:
Figures 36 and 37
obtained:
are diagrams illustrating the formation of the fabric
Figures 38 and 39 are side sectional elevations; and,
Figure 40 is a plan of the mechanism for nipping the pile threads:
Figure 41 is a side elevation partly in section shewing the whole of the mechanism
for operating the loopers:
Figure 42 is an elevation of the mechanism for imparting motion to the pile
thread nippers, and to one of the dividing combs and for producing tension on and
slackening the warp threads:
Figure 43 is a plan of part of Figure 42:
Similar letters in all the figures indicate similar parts.
A, A represent the ground warps or binding threads, and B, B the pile threads.
a, a, Figures 1, 6, 9, 10 and 41, are the thread-turners or loopers, b,
Figures 1, 13, 14 and 15, is the forked comb, and c, e', Figures 1, 11, 12 and 42,
are the dividing combs. The thread-turners or loopers are constructed somewhat
in the form of crescents, as shewn clearly in Figures 9 and 10. They are fixed
side by side upon a shaft d whereby they are all caused to rotate together; they
are each formed with a groove e which increases in width from the point to the
shaft d. The motion of the thread-turners or loopers causes two of the warp
threads to enter this groove before being turned or twisted to form loops.
The forked comb (Figures 13, 14 and 15) is made by providing the free end of each
of its teeth with two lugs g notched at hand having small bosses: the two warp
threads which are caused to enter the fork are kept separate and in their place by
a central pointed projection.
During the operation of the thread-turners or loopers a the warp threads A. are
caused to twine around the lugs y and are held in the notches h. The teeth of the
dividing combs c, e are, as shewn at Figures 11 and 12, advantageously formed of
flat strips terminating in a point k.
The pile threads B are wound upon rollers or bobbins, the colours of the pile
threads being arranged in accordance with the required design. These rollers or
bobbins are each accompanied by a tube carrier and nipper shewn in Figures 16, 16ª,
16 and 17. The rollers or bobbins are successively brought into position by any
suitable means, such for example, as by the use of a revolving drum similar to that
described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 12,543 of 1886, for carrying
the pile bobbins or rollers. The necessary tension may also be given to the pile
warp threads by means of the devices described in the above mentioned Specifi-
cation or by other suitable means.
The tubes n carrying the pile threads B are fixed to an angular carrying-bar
and are bent or curved as shewn in Figure 17. The nippers in of the tubes n for
nipping or holding the pile threads or tufts B are mounted on the bar and are
adapted to oscillate thereon.

page_text: Figure 16 shews one of the nippers m raised so as to allow the threads B to pass
freely through the tube n, and in Figure 16 the nipper m is shewn in section in the
position it occupies when closed and gripping the thread B.
The nipper m is held in position by the pegs m² and the bands m² and can be
opened and closed by means of the handle m³ which is not illustrated in Figures 16
and 16.
Towards each extremity of the carrying-bar is fixed a hammer ¹ which protects
the tubes and prevents their coming in contact with the upper portion of the
batten prior to and during the operation of cutting the pile.
The required tube carrier and nipper can be advantageously brought into the
jaws formed by latches and bars d, Figure 2, by means of levers similar to
those employed for operating the pile thread nipping bars in the Specification of
the said former Patent No. 12,543 of 1886 and suitable connections actuated by a
cam on the shaft 210, Figure 42, the said levers being provided towards one of their
extremities with links o¹, Figures 2 and 24. The link o' is pivoted on a stud o³, the
said link carrying towards its other extremity a pin o*, which pin o' slides upon the
bracket, the said bracket 2 communicating the required direction to the pin o*.
The link o' carries the jaw o, the said jaw o engaging the tube carrier 1; the
jaw o is provided with a spring o" which serves to maintain the tube carrier
in its required position.
We have not illustrated the method of inserting the weft which may be accom-
plished in any well known manner such as by means of shuttles or carriers,
and the healds may be operated in any well known manner such as by an
arrangement of levers deriving their motions from cams on the shaft po
d, Figure 2, is a shaft supported by brackets d² attached to the framing of the
loom and receiving its motion from a cam on the shaft. p, Figure 42, by means of
suitable connections not shewn in the drawings. Toward each end of the shaft d'
is attached a lever d³ and at the upper end of the lever one end of a con-
necting rod 17 is attached by means of a stud d. The other end of the
connecting rod 7 is attached by means of a stud d to the double slotted bent
bar d. The slot dat one end of the bar slides freely upon a stud d secured
to a guide . The slot do at the other end of the bar de slides freely upon a
stud attached to the guide 2 by means of a bracket.
On the outer part
of the bar dis pivoted the latch 2 which, as it approaches the back of the
loom, is raised by means of an adjustable stud 13 and is prevented from being
raised too far by means of a stud d, the studs 3 and 4 being supported by
a bracket attached to the guide ³. As the latch dadvances towards
the front of the loom it is closed by means of a guide rod 16, one end of which
is secured to the latch d¹² by means of a stud and the other end to the
bar d by means of a stud d18 When the latch is lowered it embraces the
tube carrier and the required direction is imparted to the latch d¹² and tube
carrier by means of the slots d8 and d¹ in the bar do.
The necessary movements of the tube carrier from right to left and from left to
right are effected by means of guides f', Figures 3 and 4, attached to the brackets v²,
the said guides" coming into contact with the extremities of the tube carrier / and
giving the required lateral movement as the tube carrier advances to or retires from
the front of the loom. The tube carrier is advanced and retired by means of the
latch actuated by a cam on the shaft p10 and suitable connections.
To-and-fro and rotary movements are imparted to the shaft d of the thread-
turners or loopers. For this purpose we advantageously employ the following
means, videlicet:-On each side of the loom a plate or disc o is provided (Figures 1,
6. 7 and 41) the said plate being secured to a shaft 2, which shaft is carried by
brackets suitably attached to the framing of the loom. Motion is communicated to
the shaft o by means of a rack rod p carrying the rack pl engaging a pinion 7 fixed
to the disc o. On the disc o is pivoted one end of a jointed connecting rod; the
opposite end of which carries the shaft d of the thread-turners or loopers a, so that,
as the disc o partially revolves, the loopers are caused to advance and retire, the

page_text: required direction being imparted to the shaft d by means of the guide-slot n'
formed in the bracket u, as shewn in Figures 2, 3 and 41, attached to the framing
of the loom by means of the bracket u³. At each end of the shaft d is attached a
pinion, the teeth of the said pinion gearing into the teeth of the rack s¹, the said
rack being attached to the connecting rod s. The pinion is kept in gear with the
racks by means of a plate, the said plate being provided with a slot 3 in which
the shaft is free to move as required.
The necessary rotary motion is communicated to the shaft d by means of the
connecting rods operating through the medium of the rack and pinion t.
Towards the other extremity of the connecting rod s is fixed an adjusting block st
Figure 41, the said adjusting block being fixed to a bell-crank lever by means of
a studs. The bell-crank lever is pivoted on a stud attached to the framing
of the loom. To the other arm of the hell-crank lever s is attached a stud; the
said stud carries a rollers. This roller works freely in a slot s formed in a swing
levers. The swing lever" is pivoted on a stud 12 suitably attached by means
of a supporting bracket 13 to the framing of the loom. Towards the other
extremity of the swing lever is attached, by means of a studs a jointed
connecting rods. The other extremity of the jointed connecting rod s is attached
to the disc o by means of a stud and receives motion from the movement of the
-disc o.
78
is attached
works on a cam
The toothed
To the lower end of the rod pis hinged a connecting rod p² operating a toothed
sector (Figure 8), the said sector being pivoted on the stud u' attached to the
framing of the loom by means of a bracket it. The necessary up and down motion
is communicated to the rack rod by means of a link attached thereto by a
stud . The other extremity of the link is attached to a lever by means of a
stud p.
The lever po is attached to a shaft p. To the shaft
a lever carrying a stud and a roller p. The said roller p
(part of which is shewn in dotted lines) mounted on the shaft
sector u rotates a cam-shaft v, Figures 1 and 8, through the medium of a pinion,
the cam-shaft being supported by brackets attached to the framing of the loom.
The cams mounted on the cam-shaft v actuate the forked comb b and the dividing
combs and c¹. The forked comb has an oscillating movement as well as a rising
and falling movement communicated to it. The forked comb is attached to a
shaft which works freely in bearings towards the upper extremity of the
connecting rods, one of which is situated towards each extremity of the shaft
At the lower extremity of the connecting rod y is a slotted bar 2, the slot working
freely over the shaft c. To the said slotted bar is secured a stud carrying a
roller actuated by means of a cam on the shaft v, whereby a rising and falling
motion is imparted to the connecting rod y. In order to communicate the necessary
oscillating motion to the comb we attach a lever 3 towards each extremity of the
shaft, the other extremity of the said lever carrying a stud on which is pivoted
the upper extremity of the connecting rod a. The lower extremity of the connecting
rod a is connected, by means of a stud 65, to one end of a lever 66, the other end of
the lever being pivoted on a stud mounted on a bracket attached to the framing
of the loom. The lever comes into contact with a cam on the shaft » and, by
this means, transmits the necessary oscillating motion to the comb b. Towards
one extremity of the shaft is attached a cranked lever, actuated by means of a
spiral spring and a cord 14 passing over a pulley 15 which serve to bring back
the comb to its position of rest.
Towards each end of the batten" are attached guides ² upon which the comb e
is free to slide up and down. The dividing comb el is supported by projections on
the upper extremities of each of the comb-holders w. The comb-holders to work
freely in guides attached to the lathe swords
The comb-holders we carry a pin which, as the batten "advances and retires,
rides over an inclined plane j, thereby preventing the comb c¹ from striking the
comb, the inclined plane being attached to the framing of the loom by means of

page_text: the bracket. A rod is provided having at its upper end a projection / which
comes in contact with the dividing comb c when the rod is moved upwards. A
forked guide is attached to the lower end of the rod ¹ and slides over the shaft v.
To the forked guide is attached a stud ³ carrying.a roller * which is operated
by a cam 5, thus giving an up and down motion to the rod ' and thereby imparting
the necessary upward movement of the dividing comb c¹ for effecting the separation
of the ground warp threads A.
...
, Figures 41, 42 and 43, is the warp beam carrying the ground warp threads,
the said beam being mounted in brackets =¹ carried by supports 2 secured to the
framing of the loom. Towards one extremity of the beam-shaft is attached a
pulley round which is passed a rope, the said rope passing over pulleys and
and carrying weights and 10, Towards the other extremity of the beam-shaft a
collar (Figure 43) is fixed by means of a set-screw 12. The collar has two
recesses opposite each other and is provided with a circular recess is a
portion of a clutch-box carrying a boss and two pins, the said boss sliding freely
in the circular recess .14 , the two pins entering the recesses. The other portion
of the clutch-box carries a pulley to which is secured a strap or band
(Figure 42) attached to a lever pivoted on a stud supported by a bracket 19,
the said lever z receiving its motion from a cam (shewn in dotted lines) on the
shaft through a roller carried by a stud "on the lever . The necessary
amount of slack for the action of the loopers is let off the beam by the action of
the lever and belt and is temporarily taken up by the tension-rod t¹. When the
beam is released by the belt, the warp threads are instantly drawn tight by
the action of the weight. The required tension is communicated to the tension-
rod t by means of weights at each side of the loom. The tension is relieved by
means of the bar u attached to the studs (Figures 1 and 8) mounted on the
sectors, which bar in its upward motion comes in contact with blocks 3 secured
to rods, and lifts the weights thereby releasing the tension-rod t'.
The dividing combe is mounted upon a shaft c" (Figures 1 and 42) the said shaft
being supported at each end by a horizontal guide-bar 3 secured to the framing of
the loom by a bracket To the horizontal guide-bar c³ is attached a stud upon
which is pivoted a curved guide-bar e in such a position that the shaft is free to
slide backwards from the front of the loom and to pass under the pivoted end of
the curved guide-bare. As the shaft c approaches the other end of the horizontal
guide-bar it raises the free end of the curved guide-bar el and passes under it,
the curved guide-bar e then resuming its former position so that its end again rests
upon the horizontal guide-bar.
When the shaft, in its motion towards the front of the loom, comes in contact
with the extremity of the curved end of the guide-bar e which rests upon the
horizontal guide-bar ³, it rides up and passes over it until it again reaches the
opposite end of the curved guide-bar when it falls onto the horizontal guide-bar
and is again in position to move backwards from the front of the loom.
To each end of the shaft 5 is attached one end of a connecting rod c. The
other end of the connecting rod c is attached to one arm of a bell-crank lever c
by means of a stud, the said bell-crank lever working on a shaft. On the
other arm of the bell-crank lever is pivoted a liuk e by means of a stud c.
The other end of the link is pivoted on a stud c attached to one end of a
lever working freely on the shaft p". At the other end of the lever 2
is attached a roller c actuated by a cam (shewn in dotted lines) on the shaft 1.
At each side of the loom the guide is suitably secured to a cross-rail 0, the
said cross-rail being attached to the framing of the loom. The ends of a shaft
mova backwards and forwards in the guide when actuated by a lever situated
at each side of the loom.
The shaft carries the nippers (as shewn in Figures 38, 39 and 40) which lay
bold of the free ends of the pile threads-B-when they have. passed through the
loops formed by the loopers a. In Figure 38 the jaws of the nippers are shewn

page_text: open and in Figure 39 they are shewn closed. The said jaws of the nippers &¹ are
mounted on a spring secured to the shaft 3 by means of set-screws the two
jaws are brought together by means of an angle bar k pivoted at in a staple A³.
To the angle bar are secured handles to facilitate the opening and closing of
the jaws by hand or, as will be obvious, the jaws may be opened and closed by
mechanical means. The nippers are moved backwards and forwards towards the
back and front of the loom by means of the levers 1, Figures 1 and 42, which
embraces the shaft 3 in slots at their upper ends. At their lower ends the levers l'
are attached to a cross-shaft 2 supported by brackets attached to the framing of
the loom. To the shaft 2 is secured a lever 1, Figure 42, the upper end of which
carries a stud upon which is pivoted one end of a connecting rod 1. The other
end of the connecting rod 10 is pivoted on a stud carried by the end of one arm of
a bell-crank lever pivoted on the shaft p". To the end of the other arm of the
said bell-crank lever is attached a stud carrying a roller 10 actuated by a cam
(shewn in dotted lines) on the shaft,.".
3
On one end of the shaft (Figures 1, 3, 44 38, 39, 40 and 42) is a lever 12,
Figures 3 and 44, which is provided, on its free end, with a pin parallel to the
said shaft. To one of the guides is attached what we term a switch guide
which is provided with a spring and a pivoted guide the said spring and
guide being also shewn in detached plan views at Figures 4 and 5 respectively.
When the nippers are at the front of the loom the pin is underneath both the
spring and guide and, as the nippers pass towards the back of the loom, the
pin passes along the inclined guide and lifts the pivoted guide as it passes
under it. After the passage of the pin f the pivoted guide / resumes its position
and, when the nippers return towards the front of the loom, the pin 3 passes over
the pivoted guide fa and under the spring f, until it reaches the point at which
the spring and guide are partially cut away and cross one another, when it
lifts the spring and passes through the space where the pivoted guide f is cut
out and falls upon the fixed guide f
The above described movements of the pin f³ and lever f³ regulate the inclination
of the nippers.
The operation of the mechanism is as follows:—
When the machine is at rest, the warp threads A are parallel, and the parts are
in the position shewn in Figure 1.
1st position (Figures 18 and 19). The links o¹, Figures 2 and 2^, in their
jaws of draw along the bar 1, with the tubes n containing the woollen or pile
threads B, the comb c advances and rises and divides the warp threads A. into
groups of two.
The beam w, Figure 42, on which the warp threads A. are wound
is slackened and a certain length of the warp threads is unwound by the action of
the bent lever and strap or band 3, the tension-rod taking up the slack and
assuming the position shewn in Figure 18.
2nd position. First stage. (Figures 20 and 21). The thread turner or looper a
advances and commences to turn. The comb rises and oscillates, and each tooth
thereof takes hold of a group of two of the threads which have been prepared
as above stated by the dividing comb c. A little before the thread-turner or
looper reaches the warps A, the dividing comb crises and separates the threads
into groups of two but in an opposite manner to the first comb e, as shewn in
Figure 21.
2nd position. Second stage. (Figures 22 and 23). The warp threads A are
completely looped or turned by the thread-turners or loopers a, the tension on
the warp threads A being reduced by the lifting of the weights by means of
the bar and sector u, and the threads pass into and are held in the notches h
of the comb b. The combs c, c¹ and remain in the position which they previously
occupied.
Figure 23 clearly shews how the warp threads are looped around the thread-
turners or loopers and the comb with the forked teeth.
3rd position. First stage. (Figures 24 and 25). The tubes n advance and

page_text: enter the loops formed by the thread-turners or loopers and comb with forked teeth,
both of which remain stationary. The dividing comb c is lowered beneath the
fabric and the comb e¹ remains stationary.
3rd position. Second stage. (Figures 26 and 27). The tubes n completely
pass through the loops formed by the thread turners or loopers and are moved
towards the right hand a distance proportionate to the quality of fabric which is to
be produced, the wool or pile thread B entering at one side of the thread-turners or
loopers and leaving at the other side thus traversing in a slanting direction the loops
formed by the warp threads. The ends of the woollen or pile threads which project
from the tubes are nipped in the jaws of the nipper . The combs b, c, c¹ as well
as the thread-turners or loopers remain stationary as before, that is to say,
the warp
threads A do not move.
3rd position. Third stage. (Figures 28 and 29). The nipper or holder m is
opened and the tubes n move back thus presenting a length of wool.
4th position. First stage. (Figures 30 and 31). The nipper advances over.
the front of the fabric, the tubes also advance and the wool or pile thread is
thereby slackened. The comb¹ descends, the warp threads A are again tightened
by means of the weight, the lever having slackened the belt ³ to enable this to
take place, and the thread-turner or looper a and comb return to their first
position. As shewn in Figure 31, the result of the tension of the warp threads A is
to form the knot in the woollen or pile threads B around the said warp threads.
4th position. Second stage. (Figure 32). The tubes are drawn back while the
nipper m is still open the batten fis moved forward against the fabric and, during
this time, the nipper is inclined in order to regulate the height of the woollen
threads or pile.
4th position. Third stage. (Figure 33). The nipper m of the tubes n is again
closed, the knife or cutting instrument (not shewn in the drawing) is passed, by
hand or by mechanical means, over the part of the pile threads which is immediately
over the groove on the top of the batten f" so as to sever the said threads, and the
nipper is then opened.
5th position. First stage. (Figure 34).
passes back over the front of the fabric, the
and the weft thread is passed in.
The tubes n move back, the nipper k¹
healde riscs, whilst the heald
C
falls
5th position. Second stage. (Figure 35). The heald a falls while the heald a²
rises and another weft thread is passed in; the comb c then comes back near to
the batten and the hereinbefore described operations are repeated and so on, the
kind of weaving produced being illustrated on an enlarged scale in Figures 36
and 37.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. A new manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind known as
Oriental carpets or fabrics, consisting in arranging and interweaving the ground
warps or binding threads with the pile threads by automatic or mechanical means
such as those herein described in such a manner as to cause ground warps or
binding threads to produce the true Persian or Oriental knot, substantially as
described.
2. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified interweaving the pile or woollen threads with the ground warps by dividing
the warp into groups of two threads and arranging them so as to form loops suitable
for receiving the pile threads, substantially as herein before described.
3. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified separating the ground warps-by-means-of- dividing_combs, which_have_a
horizontal and vertical movement, the said combs being so placed that the teeth
of one comb alternate with those of the other comb so as to divide the threads
alternately into groups of two, substantially as herein before described.

page_text: 4. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified the formation of loops by means of crescent-shaped thread-turners or loopers
provided on their peripheries with grooves for receiving the ground warp threads to
be formed or twisted into loops, the said loopers having backward and forward
and rotary movements imparted to them, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein-
before described.
5. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified the use of a comb having teeth provided with forked ends adapted to
hold the ground warp threads while they are being twisted or formed into loops,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified releasing the ground warps in order to allow of slackening the threads to
the required extent for the formation of loops, and placing them in tension
after the passage of the tubes carrying the pile threads, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
7. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified the herein described mechanism for imparting to-and-fro and rotary
movements to the thread-turners or loopers.
8. In the manufacture of pile carpets and other like fabrics of the kind herein
specified the herein described mechanism for actuating the pile thread tubes or
carriers and causing them to pass in a slanting direction through the loops of the
warp threads.
9. The improved apparatus for the manufacture of pile carpets and other
like fabrics hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 2nd day of April 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.