IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Holdway, of No. 12, Mount Street, Gros-,
venor Square, in the County of Middlesex, Coach Maker, for the In-
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Sealed the 4th April 1856, and dated the 24th December 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Holdway at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1855.
I; FREDERIC HOLDWAY, of No. 12, Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Coach Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME"
to be as follows:-
First, my improvements consist. in fixing springs of greater length than
usual, and extending them from the back of the carriage to the front part,
videlicit, I fix the springs in the usual way behind the carriage, my long spring
to the axle, and the short spring to the body of the carriage. I use a half
elliptic or any other suitable shape spring for the upper one. I fix one end of
the under spring to the upper spring in the usual manner, and instead of the
under spring being only of the usual length, I extend it under the whole of
the body of the carriage, and fasten it to the front to spring irons or any other
suitable way; or I place a cross spring in front instead of behind to fasten my
long springs to.
Secondly, my front springs consist in combining two double elliptic springs
together, so as to give greater ease to the fore part of the carriage, but they

page_text: can be used if required for the hind part of the carriage. First, I take two
elliptic springs and make joints to them in the usual way, and fasten one of
the upper and lower springs together with a bolt; I then take a similar spring
as the above, and about six inches from the ends that are not bolted together I
fix shackles or slots, or any other fastening; I then open both springs and
slip one in the other, and fix the ends of the springs not bolted to the shackles,
as before described, which forms two double elliptic springs.
Thirdly, my improvements consist of shutting up and letting down the steps
of carriages by the action of opening and shutting the door. I make a frame
with joints of iron or other suitable material, and within this frame I place
one or more flat pieces of metal or wood, and metal or other suitable material
to form steps; I then make a recess under the carriage to hold the frame
containing the steps; I then fix a lever or similar contrivance to the door of
the carriage and the other end to the frame containing the steps, so as to draw
the steps in and out by the action of opening and shutting the door of the
carriage.
Fourthly, my improvements consist of isolating the ends of the blinds of
carriages, and preventing the rattling noise caused by the pin at the end of the
blinds shaking in their sockets or bearings when the carriage is travelling. I
take a socket or bearing of a proper shape, and displace sufficient metal, and
I then insert india-rubber, gutta percha, felt, leather, or any other suitable
material, so as to take the bearings of the ends of the blinds; and the bearings
of the blinds being fixed in the above materials, instead of the usual metal ones,
will prevent the vibration and noise that takes place in the present method.
Fifthly, my improvements consist in using reflectors, in lieu of the silvered
ones, of enameled metal, with china, porcelain, or glass, with white material
between two glasses, or the porcelain or china without the combination of
metals, for carriage lamps, to reflect the rays of light.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederic Holdway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd June 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, FREDERIC
HOLDWAY, of No. 12, Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Coach Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo and grant unto I,
the said Frederic Holdway, Her special licence that I, the said Frederic
Holdway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Frederic Holdway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederic Holdway, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Holdway, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that
is to say:
First, my Invention consists in fixing springs of greater length than usual,
and extending them from the back of the carriage to the front.
Secondly, my Invention consists in combining two double elleptic springs
together, so as to form a single spring.
Thirdly, my improvements consist of shutting and letting down the steps of
carriages by the action of opening and shutting the door.
Fourthly, my improvements consist of isolating the ends of the blinds of
carriages, and preventing the rattling noise caused by the pin at the end of the
blind shaking in the metal sockets or bearings, by lining them with leather,
felt, gutta percha, or other soft material.
Fifthly, my improvements consist in using reflectors for carriage lamps, in
lieu of silvered ones, of enameled or vitrified metal, with china, porcelain, or
glass on the surface, so as to reflect the rays of light.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have shewn the method in which I
carry my Invention into effect.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of my long spring fixed to a carriage body.
a, the end of spring as fixed to the upper spring; b, as fixed to the axle;
c, the other end, as fixed to the front part of a carriage body.
Fig. 2 represents a side view of my two double elliptic springs combined

page_text: together, so as to be used as one spring only. a, a, the two extreme ends, fixed
together with bolts; b, b, b, b, flanges to fix the four ends of the springs to the
other plates.
Fig. 3 represents a side view of my steps for carriages, showing them as
with the door closed.
shut
up
Fig. 4 shows end view with steps out.
Dotted lines a, a, represent double
steps; b, crank; c, c, frame to contain the steps.
Fig. 5 shows a plan with steps up. a, the crank, one end fixed to frame of
steps, marked c, the other end fixed to carriage door b.
Fig. 6 shows a plan with. steps out. a, the crank, one end fixed to
door b, and the other end fixed to steps c; frame, marked d, d, to contain
the steps.
Fig. 7 represents a side view of a double socket for the ends of blinds for
carriages. a, a, shows a piece of leather inserted in the socket to take the end
of the blind. Fig. 8 shows a plan of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 shows a side view of a single socket. a, a, leather inserted to receive
the end of blind.
And I declare that I claim the said Invention of the nature and character
stated at the commencement of this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Holdway, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Signed and sealed in my presence,
U. SCOTT.
FREDERIC HOLDWAY. (L.S.)