IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS OR ARTIFICIAL GRIND-STONES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltino, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS OR ARTIFICIAL GRIND-STONES." A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Heaton, of the Heaton Emery Works,
Ballston Spa, New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS OR
ARTIFICIAL GRIND-STONES." [A communication from abroad by Charles Heaton,
of the Heaton Emery Works, Ballston Spa, New York, United States of
America.]
The object of this Invention is the production of emery wheels or artificial stones
for grinding, polishing, and similar operations.
For this purpose I incorporate with and insert throughout the whole body of the
wheel or other like object or article fibrous material, preferably steel, iron, or brass
woven wire-cloth in one or more layers, so that the emery or like material after
being compressed in moulds shall have extending through it interlocking fibrous
material, which is designed to wear away with the body of the wheel while
binding or holding the mass together. prefer to use iron wiro cloth in some
grades or kinds and steel wire cloth in other grades or kinds of wheels, and to so
arrange the same that the wire radiates from the centre to the periphery, tho said
wire being so wovon together as to give great strength to the wheel, and will wear
away evenly with the substance of the said wheel.
I insert woven wire in the form of discs or sheets into the wheel or other object
while the same is in a plastic condition.
I may use any suitable fibrous material for the purpose of this Invention, that is
to say, for adding strength to the body of a non fibrous solid emery wheel, or
artificial grindstone, or other like article which has to revolve with great velocity.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
December 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEELS OR
ARTIFICIAL GRIND-STONES." A communication from abroad by Charles Heaton,
of the Heaton Emery Works, Ballston Spa, New York, United States of
America.
The object of this Invention is the production of emery wheels or artificial stones
for grinding, polishing, and similar operations, which wheels will be more reliable
and less likely when in use to explode or burst by reason of excessive speed or
hidden flaws than those heretofore constructed.
To elucidate more clearly the object which this Invention is designed to attain
I would remark that solid emery wheels or artificial grindstones as at present
constructed may be divided into two classes, namely, crystalline and non-crystalline
wheels.
The non-crystalline wheels are composed of grains of emery united by a
cementing material, which is more or less tough and softer than any metal whereon
tho said wheels are to operate. These wheels have to run or be driven at a high
speed to gencrate sufficient frictional heat to burn away such cementing material!
and uncover the emery to enable it to cut the metal presented to it. Such wheels
are not liable to burst when running at high speeds, provided no flaws exist in the
mass of which they are composed.
The crystalline solid emery wheels also consist of grains of emery united by a
cementing material, but the latter is comparatively not tough, but is hard enough
to cut metal and binds the grain of emery into a solid mass more or less strong,
and reliable in use when running at a high speed. Tho efficiency of these wheels
however is dependent upon the nature of the material used, as well as upon the
skill and care employed in their manufacture; such wheels should not run at a
high speed, but are frequently so run by reason of want of knowledge on the part
of the users.
Any of such solid emery wheels, whether of the crystalline or non-crystallino
class, are liable to explode or burst at any moment either by the action of
centrifugal force or from other causes when they are in use, notwithstanding they
may have been subjected to tests at a speed much greater than that at which they
are running at the inoment of bursting.
This Invention is designed, as above stated, to obviate such bursting, and is
carried into practice as follows, that is to say -I incorporate with or insert
throughout the whole body of the wheel or grindstone formed of emery or the like,
and whilst the same is in a plastic condition, fibrous material, preferably consisting
of woven steel, iron, or brass wire, or wire cloth in one or more layers, dises, or
sheets, so that the mass of emery or like cutting or grinding material after being
compressed in moulds shall have extending through it an interlocking or binding
fibrous material. This material holds or binds and strongthens the cutting or
grinding mass or body without preventing or impairing its cutting, as the said
wire wears away evenly with or slightly in advance of the emnery or other cutting
material. 1 prefer to use iron wire cloth in soine grades or kinds and steel wire
cloth in other grades or kinds of wheels, and to so arrange such cloth that the wire
extends radially from the centre to the periphery, the said wire being so wovon
and arranged as to give great strength to the wheel.
In the accompanying Drawing,-
Figure 1 ia n. perspective view of an emery wheel provided with one disc or

page_text: sheet of woven wire or metal cloth, according to this Invention, a portion of the
emery composition being broken away to shew more clearly such cloth within the
same, and
Figure 2 is a central section of the said wheel.
Figure 3 is a central section of a wheel in which I employ two discs or layers of
woven wire or metal cloth.
In these Figures a represents the wheel formed of emery powder or similar
substance; and b represents the disc or discs of wire embedded within the said
wheel. I arrange such disc or discs to extend in all directions from the centre hole
of the wheel to the outer periphery or grinding surface of the latter.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I do not limit myself to the use of fibrous material constructed of iron, steel,
or brass, as above described, as I may use any other suitable fibrous material for
the purpose of this Invention, that is to say, for adding strength to the body of a
solid emery wheel, or artificial grindstone, or other like articlo which has to revolvo
with great velocity; I also wish it understood that I do not claim the introduction
of a disc or plate into the central portion of a solid emery-wheel, so as to leave a
portion of its periphery unbound and disconnected, as I am aware that such is not
new, neither do I claim the introduction of perforated sheet metal or even woven
wire cloth into the centre of an emery wheel to hold or sustain the central part,
whilst leaving the periphery unsustained and liable to fracture and fly from the
body of such wheel; but I claim,-
An emery-wheel or artificial grindstone, which at the time of its formation or
while in a plastic condition has woven wire or other fibrous material incorporated
with and uniformly throughout the body or mass of emery or other cutting or
grinding material in such a manner as to increase the strength of the said wheel
or grindstone and wear away with the grinding or cutting surface of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.