IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARPETS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stewart Templeton, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARPETS."
Sealed the 22nd May 1869, and dated the 27th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stewart Templeton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th November 1868.
I, JOHN STEWART TEMPLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARPETS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the production of a superior fabric
for carpets, which will be softer and pleasanter to the tread than the
ordinary Brussels or Wilton carpet, whilst it will be more durable in

page_text: consequence of presenting on its under side a padding of soft elastic
material instead of the ordinary hard body fabrio.
And whereas in such carpet fabrics as hitherto produced those
portions of the differently colored warps which are not brought to the
surface by the jacquard apparatus are confined in the body of the
fabric between the wefts, they are by the present Invention thrown
entirely or to any desired extent to the under side of the fabric so as to
form a comparatively soft coating on that side. The practical weaver
will have no difficulty in producing the improved fabric by well-known
weaving expedients or their equivalents, and various modes of pro-
ceeding will readily occur to him. Thus the usual jacquard apparatus
of the carpet loom may with suitable interpolated cards be used for
controlling the action of the colored warps on the under side in addition
to producing the usual figuring effect, and may if wished even form a
pattern on the under side. Or separate jacquard apparatus may be used
for the under side action. In either case the comber board or hole board
will not be used in the ordinary way to raise the whole of the colored
warps for the passage underneath of each ground shoot; at the same
time a modified effect may be obtained by raising the whole of the
colored warps at regulated intervals. Heddles or healds or their equi-
valents may be used instead of the jacquard apparatus for controlling
the under side action and for twilling, and so binding in the colored
warps that are thrown to the under side sufficiently to form a regular
compact surface. For example, such heddle action may be obtained by
making the comber board or hole board in sections, and by working such
sections like ordinary heddles. It may be necessary or desirable to
compensate more or less for the withdrawal of the colored warps from
the interior of the fabric, and for this purpose "stuffer" warps of jute
or other suitable economical material may be used and be woven into
the body of the fabric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Stewart Templeton in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 26th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
STEWART TEMPLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Stewart Templeton, Her
special licence that I, the said John Stewart Templeton, my cxe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Stewart Templeton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thercafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARPETS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Stewart Templeton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Stewart Templeton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom
panying Drawings, that is to say:-
My said Invention has for its object the production of a superior fabric
for carpets, which will be softer and pleasanter to the tread than the
ordinary Brussels or Wilton carpet, whilst it will be more durable in
consequence of presenting on its under side a surface padding of
comparatively soft and elastic material.
And whereas in such carpet fabrics, as hitherto produced, those
portions of the differently colored warps which are not brought to tho
upper surface by the jacquard apparatus are confined in the body of
the fabric between the wefts, they are by my present Invention thrown
entirely or to any desired extent to the under side of the fabric so as to
form a comparatively soft coating on that side. The practical weaver
will have no difficulty in producing the improved fabric by well-known
weaving expedients or their equivalents, and various modes of pro-

page_text: ceeding will readily occur to him. Thus the usual jacquard apparatus
of the carpet loom may with suitable interpolated cards be used for
controlling the action of the colored warps on the under side in addition
to producing the usual figuring effect, and may if wished even form a
pattern on the under side; or separate jacquard apparatus may be used
for the under side action. In either case the comber board or hole board
will not be used in the ordinary way to raise the whole of the colored
warps for the passage underneath of cach ground shoot; at the same
time a modified effect may be obtained by using the ordinary single
comber board to raise the whole of the colored warps at intervals so
regulated that only every second or other more distant ground shoot
passes under them, and this constitutes the simplest mode of carrying
out my Invention. Heddles or healds or their equivalent may be used
instead of the jacquard apparatus for controlling the under side action,
and for twilling and so binding in the colored warps that are thrown to
the under side sufficiently to form a regular compact surface. For
example, such heddle action may be obtained by making the comber
board or hole board in sections, and by working such sections in rotation
like ordinary heddles.
By way of example, arrangements for practising my Invention,
according to the mode last referred to, are shown upon the accom-
panying Sheet of explanatory Drawings, Figure 1 being a front view,
partly in transverse vertical section, and Figure 2 a vertical section as
at right angles to Figure 1. In this example the comber board is in five
sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, which are dealt with as together, forming a single
ordinary board so far as regards passing the harness threads through
them, this being done as also the knotting of the threads above the
board in the ordinary way. The sectional boards are each strenghtened
by plates at the front and back, and have cast-iron picces 6 fixed on
their ends, these pieces being formed with tongues to work in vertical
guide grooves in guide plates 7 fixed to the insides of the main frame
pieces 8, which extend up to support the jacquard apparatus above.
Rods 9 are jointed to the end pieces 6 of the sectional boards to lift them
by, and have their upper ends hooked to engage with lifting apparatus
fitted above on each side of the loom. This lifting apparatus is con-
trived like jacquard apparatus and comprises a set of horizontal rods or
needles 10 extending across the loom, and each formed with two eyes or
notches encircling or holding the corresponding vertical hooked rods 9.

page_text: Another arrangement for applying a lifting or shedding action
successively to separate sections of the harness threads is shown in
Figures 3 and 4, which are respectively a front view and a transverse
vertical section, and in this arrangement three complete comber boards
21, 22, 23, are used, being placed one over the other, and having all the
harness threads passed through every one of them. The harness threads
are however knotted at different heights, one third having their knots
low enough for the lowest comber board 21 to act upon them, and
another third having their knots as much higher as that the middle.
board 22 will act on them, whilst the remaining third have their knots.
high enough to be above the top board 23, and to be acted on by that
board. With this arrangement it will be obvious that the knotting for
each comber board 21, 22, or 23 may be distributed so far as regards
position over the board in any way that the weaver may think desirable.
The boards are lifted in succession by appliances very slightly modified
from what has hitherto been in use for lifting the single comber board.
The boards are guided by pairs of fixed vertical rods 24 at each end, and
when in their lowest positions rest on collars 25 on these rods, and they
are lifted by vertical rods 20 at each end. These lifting rods 26 are
on them
actuated as for a single comber board, but have fixed
collars 27 with projections in positions suitable for acting on the several
boards. Each board is provided with a sliding latch or bolt 28 at each
end, such latch having a pin projecting up through a slot in the board,
to which pin a rubber or other spring 29 is applied to draw the latch

page_text: inwards. A cord 30 is fixed to each latch, and passing round a pulley 31
on the board is carried up to the jacquard apparatus overhead (certain
harness threads and needles of such apparatus being appropriated to the
comber boards), whilst the jacquard cards have perforations made in
them so as to give whatever action of the boards is required; the lifting
of any pair of cords 30 by the jacquard apparatus causing the latches 28
of the corresponding board to be moved out so as to be encountered by
the collars 27 on the lifting rods 26, and thus cause the lifting of that
board. It is obvious that instead of one, three, or five comber boards or
sections any other convenient number may be used in carrying out
my Invention, the practical carpet manufacturer making his selection
according to the kind of under surface he prefers to produce.
The Invention is of course applicable to carpets woven with various
numbers of colored warps, but what is known as a "five frame" carpet
fabric may be referred to in mentioning some of the various effects that
may be produced on the under side. Thus if five colored warp threads
pass through each split of the reed, each of the five threads may be
lifted singly in succession when a twill will be produced, and the ground
shoot will be entirely concealed on the under side; or if the five threads
in cach split are dealt with as one thread, and the threads of the alternate
third, or other more distant splits are lifted for the ground shot, then the
ground shoot will appear more or less on the under side, and a broader
or coarser twill will be produced. Or again, the colored warps in two or
more adjacent splits may be lifted simultaneously; thus, for example, if
the entire series of splits is considered as subdivided into sets of six splits
cach, the alternate third or other more distant sets may be lifted at
once; different sets being of course lifted for each successive ground shot.
It is desirable to compensate more or less for the withdrawal of the
colored warps from the interior of the fabric, and for this purpose I usc
"stuffer" warps of jute or other suitable economical material, which is
woven into the body of the fabric. It may also be desirable in some
cases to throw more material to the under side to act as surface padding
than is furnished by the colored warps appearing on the upper surface;
as, for example, in carpets with only two colors. In such cases suitable
warps may be added to make up what is wanted for the under side, and
which will never be shown on the upper side.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed, I have to state that I

page_text: do not restrict myself to the precise details hercin described or deli-
neated; but that what I believe to bo novel and original and claim as
the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the production of improved Brussels and Wilton carpets with.
surface padding on the under side obtained by means substantially such
as are hercin-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Stewart Templeton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN S. TEMPLETON. (L.S.)