Improvements in Sizes and Methods for Fixing Colours in Printing and Staining Paper, Cloth, and other Surfaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 19th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sizes and Methods for Fixing Colours in Printing
and Staining Paper, Cloth, and other Surfaces.
RICHARD LEIGH Director, Bolton Road Farnworth Bolton do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The first part of my invention consists in a size for fixing colours for paper-
hangings, calicos, and other surfaces which is soluble in water before it is dried but is
insoluble after drying, and consists of a solution of rosin in alkali (preferably
ammonia) mixed or combined with a solution of casein in alkali, or with a solution
of glue, nixed with a chrome salt. The next part of my invention consists of a size
made with any gum glue starch or other substance commonly used as a binding
material which is soluble in water or capable of making an emulsion with water, to
which ordinary material or silicate of soda, Irish moss gluten or size, I add powdered
rosin, gum or other substance not soluble in water, but which powder will melt on the
application of heat. The powdered rosin or other easily fusible and insoluble
substance may either be ground in the watery mixture into a smooth gummy size and
printed with the colour or it may be blown as dust on to the still wet watery colour
as it leaves the machine; in either case as the printed material is passed over the
drying cylinders or other hot surfaces, the fusible powder combines with the colour
and fastens it to the fabric. If necessary the goods may further stoved to ensure
the complete fusion of the powder through the body of the colour which is then
no longer soluble in water, or spirituous vapour may be used to soften rosin.
Dated this 25th day of July 1889.
RICHARD LEIGH.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sizes and Methods for Fixing Colours in Printing
and Staining Paper, Cloth, and other Surfaces.
RICHARD LEIGH 3 Bolton Road, Fainworth Bolton Director do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In carrying out the first part of my invention which refers to a size or vehicle for
fixing colours to paper cloth and other surfaces I take rosin or its equivalent and
dissolve it in water by heating it with ammonia borax potash soda or other alkali or
substance which will dissolve or emulsify it in water: to this solution add another
compound of casein also dissolved in alkali: or instead of casein, I add a solution
of gum glue or starch, for mixing with the colours and a chrome salt.
The colour so prepared is printed on the fabric.
In carrying out the next part of my invention I make a size or vehicle for
binding colour by taking any gum glue starch or other substance commonly used as
a binding material, soluble in water or capable of making an emulsion with water to
which ordinary materials combined with a chrome salt or to silicate of soda, gluten
or size, I add powdered gum rosin sulphur or other gumy resinous or oily sub-
stance not soluble in water, but which substance will melt on the application of
heat.
The resinous or oily substance may either be powdered and ground into the watery
colour or such substance may be dissolved in any suitable spirituous or oily liquid
as turpentine petroleum or spirit and then added to the watery colour when
the gum osin parafin sulphur or other such material will be precipitated in a fine
state of division through the colour. In either case the fine powder ground into or
Paine M

page_text: precipitated into the colour becomes attached to the fabric along with the colour
when the fabric is dry after printing and passing over the drying plates or other hot
surfaces. When desire to use very little heat I add more of the precipitated
resinous powder, by means of the spirituous or oily solution.
Instead of adding the gamy or resinous material to the colour before printing
I sometimes print with the watery solution of gum glue or starch to which I add
a chrome salt after printing whilst the colours are still wet, the fusible powder is
dusted on or padded on to the fabric and the whole is passed over the drying
surfaces. I sometimes expose the fabric after printing with the above compound
to the vapour of the spirituous or oily solvents of the gumy or resinous substances
to cause such substances to unite with and fasten the colours to the fabric.
The chrome salt either in powder or solution instead of being mixed with the colour
and size before printing as already described may be applied to the fabric after
printing, either before or after drying.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A size for fixing colours on fabrics consisting of rosin and casein in alkali
mixed with chromated gum starch or glue as described.
2. The use of powdered gum rosin sulphur paraffin or other substance capable of
being ground or precipitated to an easily fusible powder insoluble in water, but
capable of being mixed with a watery solution of chromated gum starch or glue,
and printed with the colours so as to fasten them to the fabric as described.
3. The dusting or spreading of the fusible oily or rosinous substance on to the wet
colour after printing, as described.
4. The use of a chrome salt in combination with a watery solution of gum, glue or
starchy substances and an oily or resinous substance for fixing colours on fabrics as
described.
5. The use of a chrome salt applied to the fabric after printing with size as
described.
6. The use of a chrome salt mixed with size applied to the fabric after printing
with gum or size, as described.
Dated this 24th day of April 1890.
RICHARD LEIGH.