Improvements in the Economical Generation. or Steam, together with the Means and Apparatus in Connection therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 4th May., 1887
Complete Left, 3rd Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 9th Mar., 1888
Improvements in the Economical Generation. or Steam, together
with the Means and Apparatus in Connection therewith.
I EMMA NAOMI BARNARD of Lima House Connaught Road, Harlesden in the
county of Middlesex, Gentlewoman do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL GENERATION OF STEAM TOGETHER WITH THE
MEANS AND APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH to be as follows:-
The subject of my invention is the evaporation of water and the generation of
steam for motive power, under economical, novel, and simple principles, by which a
saving of fuel, labour, and other contingent expenses are effected, to the extent of
over 50 per cent., without the material alteration of existing boilers or their
auxiliaries.
The following description of my method of procedure will clearly illustrate the
nature of my invention and the mode of carrying it into effect.
I cause to be placed in evaporating tanks or boilers used for the purposes of
evaporation or the generation of steam, any insoluble absorbent or heating substance,
which I find increases the evaporation of water to a very considerable extent over
anil above that produced without the aid of such absorbent or beating matters.
I do not restrict myself to the use of any one particular insoluble absorbent, or
heating substance, as any one fulfilling the purposes required, may be advantageously
employed.
Practical experiments prove that many prepared materials are productive of much
better results than others not so prepared. Amongst the materials best suited to
effect my object are metal, quartz, flint sandstone, or other similar substances, which
are not deleterious to the inside of a boiler, these should be prepared to about the
size of ordinary raw rice, or somewhat smaller, and placed at the bottom of the boiler,.
or preferably tied or sewn up in bags or pieces of calico, porous canvas or other
absorbent material, which hastens the boiling of water and the raising of steam,
with a less consumption of fuel than when water alone in the boiler is under the
influence of caloric from without. Silver sand mixed with grains of pebble, about.
the size of rice, and sewn up in bags of cushion form are highly advantageous used

page_text: A filter
in conjunction with larger pebbles or stones, placed loosely in the boiler.
being also added if required or deemed requisite, the whole can be made stationary
by any mechanical compressed means, so as to prevent the shifting of the matters by
the rolling of the vessel or otherwise.
Boilers are in no way injuriously affected by the application by my invention
thereto, but on the contrary whilst a greater quantity of steam is produced with a
considerable reduction in the consumption of fuel, the boilers are protected from the
corrosive influences resulting from the impurities of the water, which by my principle
become largely absorbed by the materials placed as described inside the boilers.
A reduction in the consumption of fuel implies a corresponding reduction in the
internal and external wear and tear of boilers. These latter are invariably put to the
test of their utmost powers of tension by all hitherto employed mechanical means for
assisting increased evaporation of water, by increased draught, and consequent increase
of fuel consumed.
The hitherto vital question of draught, is therefrom no longer the first desidoratum,
not taking into consideration the increase in expenditure necessary for producing
higher caloric powers. But by my principle local heat will be formed sufficient for
ordinary purposes to raise ample steam for the working capabilities or authorized
maximum pressure of any particular boiler or boilers. In addition to the advantages
derived from my invention of the introduction of insoluble absorbent materials as
above described, boilers are less liable to accidents caused by carlessness or otherwise,
such as allowing the feed water to go below the gauge or lower tap, because the
absorbent material holds considerable moisture, so causing the boilers to act as retorts
after the whole moisture contained in the absorbent material has been evaporated, the
result being greater security from explosions on the sudden admission of water, as
the latter comes in contact with the heat and moisture sustaining absorbent matter,
in lieu of direct contact with the boiler plates.
In order to still further assist the furnaces in the economical consumption of fuel,
1 introduce feed water to the boilers at boiling point, and so prevent delay in the
generation of steam, caused by introducing the feed water at a less heat, consequently
there is no further work for the furnaces, than the evaporation of the water already
and directly supplied at boiling point.
In order to effect this I employ a boiler of smaller dimensions, in which the steam
can be raised at a higher pressure than that of boilers used for direct motive
power.
It is a well known fact that every gallon of water converted into steam will bring
to boiling point a multiplied number of gallons of cold water contained in another
vessel, and connected therewith by a steam pipe. When one boiler only is in operation
it will be found beneficial to pass the higher pressure of steam into the water feed as
it reaches the boiler supplying the direct motive power, in order to counterbalance
the feed of water at less than hoiling point.
But for marine purposes, and in large manufacturing or other works, where several
boilers are employed, I pass the higher pressure steam from the smaller or auxiliary
boiler, into a strong metal tank, which is fitted with ordinary boiler fittings, such as
steam gauge, water gauge, and so forth, minus the furnace, and fed with cold or hot
water in the ordinary manner, and brought to boiling point by the direct aid of the
smaller and higher pressure boiler. This strong metal tank therefore is the means of
directly and automatically supplying the feed water at boiling point, from the smaller
and higher pressure boiler, by means of a steam pipe from this boiler, to the tank
and from the tank, by an outlet pipe to the series of larger boilers (under a lower
authorized pressure) for use as direct motive force. In the case of getting up steam
with cold water in the boilers, I pass the higher pressure steam direct into these
boilers. In still further carrying out my invention for the economical generation
of steam and for the more perfect combustion of the fuel consumed, I cause the ash
pit of the furnaces to be enclosed and made air tight by the employment of a metal
plate made to fit the ash pit, this can be used or removed at will by fixing it in any
convenient manner.

page_text: To this plate is attached or connected an atmospheric concentrator, somewhat
similar to an ordinary atmospheric gas burner.. But in lieu of gas I employ the air
concentrator for admitting steam which in combination with the strong draught
caused by the luting or entire closing of the ash pit, (with the exception of the small
aperture of the atmospheric compressor) causes hotter air to be generated in the ash
pit, which passing through the fire in connection with the hydrogen gas obtained
from the steam, results in the practical annihilation of smoke and the more perfect
combustion of fuel that has already been economized to the extent of over 50 per
cent., in the manner herein before described for the economical generation of steam
Dated this 4th day of May 1887.
A. C. HENDERSON & Co.,
46, Southampton Buildings, and
31, Lincoln Place, Leinster Street, Dublin.

page_text: Improvements in the Economical Generation of Steam, together
with the Means and Apparatus in Connection therewith.
I EMMA NAOMI BARNARD of Lima House, Connaught Road, Harlesden, in the
county of Middlesex Gentlewoman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL GENERATION OF STEAM, TOGETHER WITH THE
MEANS AND APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH" and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
The subject of my invention is the evaporation of water and the generation of
steam for motive power, under economical, novel, and simple principles, by which a
saving of fuel, labour, and other contingent expenses are effected, to the extent of
50 per cent., without the material alteration of existing boilers, or their auxiliaries.
The following description of my method of procedure will clearly illustrate the
nature of my invention, and the mode of carrying it into effect.
I cause to be placed in evaporating tanks or boilers used for the purposes of
evaporation, or the generation of steam any insoluble absorbent or heating substance,
which I find increases the evaporation of water, to a very considerable extent over
and above that produced without the aid of such absorbent or heating matters.
I do not restrict myself to the use of any one particular insoluble absorbent, or
heating substance, as any one fulfilling the purposes required may be advantageously
employed.
Practical experiments prove that many prepared materials are productive of much
better results than others not so prepared.
Amongst the materials best suited to effect my object, are metal, quartz, flint, sand-
stone, or other similar substances, which are not deleterious to the inside of a Boiler,
these should be prepared to about the size of ordinary raw rice, or somewhat smaller,
and placed all the bottom of the boiler, or preferably tied, or sewn up in bags or pieces
of calico, porous canvass or other absorbent material, which hastens the boiling of
water, and the raising of steam, with a less consumption of fuel than when water
alone in the boiler is under the influence of caloric from without.
Silver sand mixed with grains of pebble, about the size of rice, and sewn up in
bags of cushion form are highly advantageous, used in conjunction with larger
pebbles or stones placed loosely in the boiler, a filter being also added if required or
deemed requisite.
When used for marine purposes the whole can be made stationary by any mechanical
compressed means, so as to prevent the shifting of the matters by the rolling of
vessels, or otherwise.
Boilers are in no way injuriously affected by the application of my invention
thereto, but on the contrary, whilst a greater quantity of steam is produced with a
considerable reduction in the consumption of fuel, the boilers are protected from the

page_text: corrosive influences resulting from the impurities of the water, which by my
principle become largely absorbed, by the materials placed as described inside the
boilers.
A reduction in the consumption of fuel implies a corresponding reduction in the
internal, and external wear and tear of boilers: these latter are invariably put to the
test of their utmost powers of fension by all hitherto employed mechanical means for
assisting increased evaporation of water, by increased draught and consequent increase
of fuel consumed.
The hitherto vital question of draught is therefore no longer the first desideratum,
not taking into consideration the increase in expenditure necessary for producing
higher caloric powers.
But by my principle, local heat will be found sufficient for ordinary purposes to
raise ample steam for the working capabilities, or authorized maximum pressure of
any particular boiler or boilers.
In addition to the advantages derived from my invention, by the introduction of
insoluble absorbent materials as above described boilers are less liable to accidents
caused by carelessness or otherwiso, such as allowing the feed water to go below the
gauge or lower tap, because the absorbent material holds considerable moisture,
so causing the boilers to take more the form of retorts after the whole moisture
contained in the absorbent material has been evaporated; the result being greater
security from explosions on the sudden admission of water, as the latter comes in
contact with the moisture sustaining absorbent matter, in lieu of direct contact with
the boiler plates.
In order to still further assist the furnaces in the economical consumption of fuel,
I introduce feed water to the boilers at boiling point, and so prevent delay in the
generation of steam caused by introducing the feed water at a less heat; consequently
there is no further work for the furnaces, than the evaporation of the water already
and directly supplied at boiling point.
In order to effect this I employ a boiler of smaller dimensions in which the
steam can be raised at a higher pressure than that of boilers used for direct motive
power.
It is a well known fact that every gallon of water converted into steam will bring
to boiling point a multiplied number of gallons of cold water contained in another
vessel and connected therewith by a steam pipe.
When one boiler only is in operation it will be found beneficial to pass the
higher pressure of steam into the water feed, as it reaches the boiler supplying the
direct motive power, in order to counterbalance the feed of water at less than boiling
point.
But for marine purposes and in large manufacturing or other works where several
boilers are employed 1 pass the higher pressure steam from the smaller or auxiliary
boiler, into a strong metal tank, which is fitted with ordinary boiler fittings, such as
steam gauge, water gauge, and so forth, minus the furnace, and fed with cold or hot
water in the ordinary manner, and brought to boiling point by the direct aid of the
smaller and high pressure boiler.
This strong metal tank therefore is the means of directly and automatically supplying
the feed water at boiling point from the smaller and higher pressure boiler by means
of a steam pipe from this boiler to the tank, and from the tank by an outlet pipe to
the series of larger boilers (under a lower authorized pressure) for use as direct
motive force.
In the case of getting up steam with cold water in the boilers, I pass the higher
pressure steam direct into these boilers.
In still further carrying out my invention for the economical generation of steam,
and for the more perfect combustion of the fuel consumed, I cause the ash pit of the
furnaces to be enclosed and made air tight, by the employment of a metal plate made
to fit the ash pit, this can be used or removed at will by fixing it in any convenient
manner.
To this plate is attached or connected an atmospheric concentrator somewhat

page_text: similar to an ordinary atmospheric gas burner; but in lieu of gas I employ the air
concentrator for admitting steam, which in combination with the strong draught
caused by the luting or entire closing of the ash pit (with the exception of the small
aperture of the atmospheric compresser) causes hotter air to be generated in the ash
pit, which passing through the fire in connection with the hydrogen gas obtained
from the steam, results in the practical annihilation of smoke and the more perfect
combustion of fuel that has already been econonized to the extent of over 50 per
cent. in the manner hereinbefore described for the economical generation of steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The introduction of absorbent or other materials placed inside boilers,
preferably silvor, or clean sand, loose or sewn up in bags of cushion form, somewhat
similar to the boiling of puddings in cloths, for the more rapid and economical
evaporation of water.
2nd. The instantaneous or more prompt raising of the feed water to boiling point,
directly after it enters boilers, by the use of an injection of steam from a smaller and
higher pressure boiler, either with or without the intermediary aid of a strong metal
tank, acting as an intermediate boiler.
3rd. The use of metal plates for the entire luting of the ash-pits of boilers, with the
exception of a small orifice for creating a stronger draught, in connection with an
atmospheric compresser and a small jet of steam for the more perfect combustion of
fuel. In the manner by the means and for the purposes herein set forth.
Loted talo Ard dOY Af
המומחT
XXX
Doted the Ard doy of Hannar DXXX
A. C. HENDERSON & Co.,
46, Southampton Buildings, and Dublin,
Agents for the Applicant.