matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON OR CHARCOAL POWDER FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1856.
I, JAMES EGLINTON ANDERSON GWYNNE, of Essex Wharf, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON OR CHARCOAL
POWDER FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture from raw peat, boghead coal,
and lignite, of a new and improved carbon or charcoal powder, to be used as
a substitute for ivory black, vegetable black, charcoal for gunpowder, &c., &c.
The Invention will have to be carried out by different processes, according to
the uses to which the produce is to be applied, and I shall now only describe
one mode. When treating peat, I take of the raw peat as found in the bog or
moor, and if it contains any earthy or foreign matter I carefully separate, by
washing, such earthy or foreign matter; I then take of the purified peat and
place it in a retort or other suitable vessel, and submit it to a gradual heat
sufficient to char it. I find that my purpose is effected better, and a superior
material produced, when a comparatively low temperature is used for car-
bonizing the peat; I also find an excellent produce is obtained when it is
carbonized under pressure, which may be effected by keeping all the gases

page_text: confined, and allowing them to become condensed in the retort, and become
absorbed by the charcoal.. The time required for carbonizing may be con-
siderably shortened by the addition to the peat (before treatment in the retort)
of a small quantity of sulphuric acid. The residue found in the retort is a soft
black mass, which, when ground or pulverized, forms the substitute for ivory,
vegetable, or other blacks, or the charcoal for the manufacture of gunpowder.
In the treatment of the substance known as boghead coal, I find that the
gas may be extracted in the ordinary way, and the residue forms a black,
though inferior to the foregoing, but will do when a superior black is not
required. It is soft and will grind easily, and when it contains earthy or
foreign matter, I wash it free from them. I can effect my object in many ways,
and apply the produce to many useful purposes, as I shall hereafter more fully
describe, but the foregoing explains my object and intention.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CASES OR CANISTERS FOR DRY GOODS, EDIBLES, AND SUCH LIKE COMMODITIES
Year: 1856

page_text: 2100.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Robertson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1856.
I, ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, of Upper Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MANUFACTURE OF CASES OR CANISTERS FOR DRY GOODS, EDIBLES, AND SUCH LIKE
COMMODITIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming a cylinder of tinned iron, or other suitable
metallic plate, as the body of the canister, and fitting to it a head or top and
bottom of wood, which I do as follows:-
The cylinder is formed by bending a piece of sheet metal, and soldering or
securing.the joint in the ordinary way; a small inside flange is then turned
over on the intended bottom end of the canister or case. I then introduce a
disc of wood, and to secure which I make an indentation or groove all round
above the said disc of wood, thus thoroughly closing in the wooden bottom.
The lid or cover of the canister is a short cylinder of tin plate or other metal,
fitting on the other cylinder, and has for the head a disc of wood fastened in a
similar manner. The case or canister may be cylindrical, as described, or of
any other shape. The application of wood ends and the process of fixing can
be performed with square, oblong, oval, or other shapes, but I prefer the
cylindrical form as being the simplest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES SUITABLE FOR FOOD
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptisto Heu at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1856.-A commmunication from Charles Louis Marle.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE HEU, Liquidator of the Society General of Conservation,
of 15, Rue St. Lazare, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare.
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES SUITABLE FOR FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preserving, in a fresh state, animal and
vegetable substances which are suitable for food. For this purpose the
substance to be preserved is cut up into suitable pieces, and these pieces are
hung up in a heated chamber containing an atmosphere consisting of carbonic
acid gas, or the substances are otherwise partially dried in an atmosphere of
carbonic acid gas. When this process is complete the pieces are removed
and dipped into a bath of gelatine, and when they have remained a short
time in this bath they are removed, and the film of gelatine allowed to dry;
and, lastly, they are plunged into a bath containing tannin. When removed
from this bath, and dried, the meat or other substance is ready for packing,
and in packing each piece should be covered with coarsely powdered bark.
Meat and vegetables thus preserved and packed will remain fresh for a long
time. Sometimes, in place of preserving animal and vegetable substances in
a raw state, I first cook them, and then preserve them in the manner above
described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN RENDERING COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS AND PAPER UNINFLAMMABLE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maugham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1856.
I, WILLIAM MAUGHAM, of Ifield Terrace, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN RENDERING COTTON
AND OTHER FABRICS AND PAPER UNINFLAMMABLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in rendering cotton and
other fabrics and paper uninflammable, and consists in impregnating them with
phosphate of ammonia; and it is preferred that that salt should be simply
dissolved in water, and the fabrics impregnated therewith; but the phosphate
of ammonia may be produced in solution by combining phosphate of soda with
a salt of ammonia.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 6th June 1856.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND Le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 39, Rue de
Echiquier, Paris, in the French Empire, and No. 4, South Street, Finsbury
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as:
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of heating water for steam
engine boilers by means of waste steam.
I make use of a cask, tub, boiler, or other suitable vessel, closed air-tight,
and provided with a float, to keep the water at a uniform level. Cold water
is introduced into this vessel by a pipe, provided with a tap, till it contains
about one-fifth of the contents of the boiler to be supplied. Waste steam is
next introduced by a pipe, the end of which is at about four inches above the
level of the water, and a tube at the lower part of the vessel conducts the
licated water to the feed pump. A tube, about twice the diameter of the steam
pipe, and having its end about four inches above the level of the water; serves
to carry off the steam produced by the heated water, and also to introduce air
into the vessel. A door should be suitably made at the side near the cock
to enable the interior to be examined in case of accident.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CORN MILLS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Liphar Mathurin Chalange at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1856.
I, LIPHAR MATHURIN CHALANGE, Miller, of Nogent-sur-Seine, Town in the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CORN MILLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in casing in the millstones in such manner that air
can only enter through the eye of the upper stone, and in connecting therewith
a fan or ventilator, whereby the air is drawn through the centre or eye, between
the two stones, and out from the periphery thereof, thereby constantly drawing
in a fresh supply of air, keeping the stones cool, and not only improving their
efficiency, but also the yield from a given quantity of corn, as compared with
mills in which the air is otherwise introduced or admitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAME AND SIGN PLATES, BOARDS AND SLABS, DOOB AND HOUSE NUMBERS, STREET NAMES, TOMBSTONES, AND MONUMENTAL SLABS AND INSCRIPTIONS, BY SUBSTITUTING EARTHENWARE OR PORCELAIN INSTEAD OF THE MATERIALS NOW IN USE FOR THE ABOVE-NAMED ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bannehr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August
1856.
I, JAMES BANNEHR, of 11, Bedford Circus, in the City of Exeter, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
NAME AND SIGN PLATES, BOARDS AND SLABS, DOOB AND HOUSE NUMBERS, STREET
NAMES, TOMBSTONES, AND MONUMENTAL SLABS AND INSCRIPTIONS, BY SUBSTITUTING
EARTHENWARE OR PORCELAIN INSTEAD OF THE MATERIALS NOW IN USE FOR THE
ABOVE-NAMED ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of name
and sign plates, boards and slabs, door and house numbers, street names, tomb-
stones, and monumental slabs and inscriptions, and consists in moulding or
forming of earthenware or porcelain, and then properly burning or firing the
articles above mentioned.
A NEW FABRIC OR NEW FABRICS, SUITABLE FOR WEARING APPAREL, AND OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH TEXTILE FABRICS ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Luntley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1856.
I, JOHN LUNTLEY, of Broad Street, in the City of London, Printer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW FABRIC OR NEW
FABRICS, SUITABLE FOR WEARING APPAREL, AND OTHER PURPOSES TO WHICH TEXTILE
FABRICS ARE APPLICABLE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a fabric or fabrics from the
fibres of the sunflower plant, and others of the helianthus tribe, alone, or by
combining with silk, cotton, linen, and woollen fibres, all or any of them, the
fibres obtained from the sunflower plant, and others of the helianthus tribe.
The warp may be composed of the helianthus fibres or the weft, or these fibres
may be mixed both in the warp and weft; or a fabric may be composed by
"plaiting" a cotton core with helianthus fibres on both sides, or the helianthus
fibres may be used for the face and fibres of less comparative value for the
back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Sabatier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1856.
I, ETIENNE SABATIER, of Paris (France), Priest, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:―
These improvements in the permanent way of railways relate to the
switches, by means of which the cars or trains on a railroad may be passed
from one line of rail to another by the driver himself, and dispensing con-
sequently with the switch attendants required till now. The same consist
in having before and behind the switches on both sides of the track two
rocker arms, acting on the switches by a suitable combination of levers, and
in such manner, that whenever the locomotive in passing over the line lowers
the rocker arms of the side towards which the train is directed, the move-
able part of the switches is carried towards the opposite side of the track,
and at the same time rises the rocker arms of this opposite side in such
manner, that, another locomotive going towards or coming from this opposite
side will find the rocker arms ready to act in the opposite direction. The
two rocker arms of each side of the track rise or descend simultaneously. A
portion of each of the switches is moveable. The locomotive or the cars are
provided at each side with a moveable piece for lowering the rocker arms.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE BOTTLES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING COLORS AND OTHER FLUIDS AND SEMI-FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Inglis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1856.
I, ALEXANDER INGLIS, of the New River Head, Clerkenwell, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF FLEXIBLE BOTTLES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING COLORS AND OTHER FLUIDS AND
SEMI-FLUIDS, to be as follows:-
At one end
This Invention has for its object the application of gutta percha in the
manufacture of flexible bottles or cases for containing colors and other fluids
and semi-fluids. For this purpose each bottle or case is made tubular, of
gutta percha, and thin, so as to admit of its being pressed flat.
the bottle or case is made with a neck or smaller tube, which is closed by a
capsule of gutta percha. The other end or bottom is left open in order to
admit of the bottle or case being filled with color or other fluid or semi-fluid,
and one side of such filling end is made somewhat longer than the other side
in order that it may be folded and cemented over on the other side. In place
of using all gutta percha, a mixture of gutta percha and india-rubber may be
employed. These bottles or cases are to be used in like manner to those
heretofore made of metal tin.
AN IMPROVED STEAM AND FIRE REGULATOR
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1856. A communication from Joseph Woodruff, of New Jersey, U.S.A.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER, of 22, Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM
AND FIRE REGULATOR," (a communication,) to be as follows; and consists in pro-
viding a metallic flexible support to the diaphragms of steam and fire regu-
lators, to prevent them from bursting, and at the same time being a guiding
support to the plunger and piston of said regulator.
In constructing the apparatus, I employ a piston rod with a slot and a lever,
on which is hung a yoke with a bed plate, through which is an aperture to
admit the pressure of the steam, and a suitable curb for the application of a
diaphragm of any suitable material. At the bottom part of the plunger is a
metallic plate, by which an extended surface is obtained, and also a greater
flexibility to the diaphragm. To this plate chains are attached at the outer
edge, the other ends of said chains being attached to the inner edge of another
plate, so as to form a metallic network support to the diaphragm. The lower
end of the plunger or piston head is made convex.
The fire (and consequently the amount of steam produced) is regulated by
a damper in the chimney, operated upon by cranks or other suitable gear in
connection with the lever of the piston or plunger. The pressure of steam is
regulated by weights on the lever.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CAOUTCHOUC, OR ANY OTHER WATERPROOF GARMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Eugène Dannequin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
1st February 1856.
I, AUGUSTE EUGENE DANNEQUIN, of Rue de l'Echiquier, in Paris, Tailor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
CAOUTCHOUC, OR ANY OTHER WATERPROOF GARMENTS, to be as follows:-
My improvements in caoutchouc, or other waterproof garments, consists in
making them in such manner that the perspiration of the body may readily
escape; the confining of the perspiration in the ordinary waterproof garments
is found objectionable. In my improved garments I make a series of holes in
the fabric, to allow of the free passage of the heated air or perspiration from
the under garment; these rows of holes may be covered by flaps of the water-
proof material, or concealed by rows of buttons, or other similar means, by
which the holes may be covered, without impeding the ventilation of the
garment.
AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE BOX AND POUCH
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1856.
I, WILLIAM DRAY, of the Firm of Deane, Dray, and Deane, of King
William Street, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE BOX AND POUCH,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new arrangement of box for carrying cartridges,
together with a pocket for carrying various small articles, and a case for per-
cussion caps. The sides, back, and bottom of the box, are formed of leather,
or of any other substance covered with leather. In the upper part of the box.
I fix a tray or case with divisions, each of which is intended to contain a
cartridge, and over this case is a metal or gutta percha lid, hinged to the back
of the box; between the bottom of the cartridge case, and the bottom of the
box, there is a space for stowing any small articles it may be desired to carry,
and to the front of this space I fit a flap, and again to the front of the flap a
pocket for containing caps. I keep the flap closed by passing a turn-screw
through an eye affixed to the front of the cartridge case, and through another
on the inside of the flap; the head or handle of the turn-screw is formed into
a nipple wrench, and carries also a pin or pricker. A leather flap folds from
the back over the top, and encloses the front of the box.
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING FOOD FOR ANIMALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Robert Freeman and
William Drake Key at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th October 1856.
We, CHARLES ROBERT FREEMAN, of Eaton, Norwich, and WILLIAM DRAKE
KEY, of Norwich, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING FOOD FOR ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in manufacturing food for
animals, and consists of combining the ground product, or an extract of the
algarobus (or the locusts of Palestine), with the ground products of rice, sago,
barley, rye, indian corn, linseed, beans, and peas, or some of them, with or
without other vegetable matters suitable for the food of animals. When the
algarobus is simply to be prepared as a meal with some one or more of the
other grain or seed above named, it is preferred to grind or crush by edge
stones or otherwise the algarobus together with such other vegetable matter or
matters, though they may be ground or crushed separately and then combined.
It is, however, preferred to obtain an extract from the meal or crushed
algarobus by means of hot water, and to boil such extract when mixed with
the crushed or ground product of one or more of the vegetable matters
above mentioned, and to further combine with such boiled vegetable matters
the meal of some one or more of the vegetable matters above mentioned, by
grinding or crushing them under edge stones or suitable mills, and then to
form cakes or moulded masses from such compounds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF GLASS AND PLASTIC MATERIALS BY MEANS OF PRESSURE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1856.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of the Firm of Wright, Brothers, Forth Street,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of the same, Glass Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF GLASS AND PLASTIC MATERIALS BY MEANS OF
PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture, by the aid of pressure, of bottles,
or other vessels or articles, composed of glass or plastic materials, having necks
narrower than their bodies; such, for example, as decanters, cruets, water
jugs, and cream jugs, whereby their manufacture is rendered more simple, and
the shaping of the necks effected with greater exactitude than can be accom-
plished by the ordinary process. The improvements consist in making such
vessels in two pieces or parts, in place of one. In the ordinary mode of
making a pressed or moulded vessel of the description herein-before referred
to, that is, having a neck narrower than the body, the vessel is first made by
moulding the lower part between two irons, the one to impress the pattern or
shape on the outside, and the other to form a resistance thereto inside the

page_text: vessel. The inner or resisting piece is obliged to be withdrawn to enable the
neck to be formed, which neck is "tooled "into shape with great art and care
whilst the glass or plastic material is pliable or soft, at great risk of spoiling
the shape of the vessel, there being no resisting or supporting piece within.
According to this Invention, the plunger, or inner or resisting piece, is used
to form both the body and the neck of the vessel, the same being open at the
bottom, from whence the plunger is withdrawn. The bottom of the vessel is
moulded in a separate piece, which piece, while both are soft or pliable, is
united to the body of the vessel after the plunger has been withdrawn, the
vessel being now completed.
..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES, OR IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1856

page_text: rotectio
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Barker and
William Toogood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th March 1856.
We, WILLIAM ROBERT BARKER, of Chapel Street, in the County of
Middlesex. Gentleman, and WILLIAM TOOGOOD, of Mount Strect, in the same
County, Glass Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES, OR IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER
RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in closing the top of the neck of bottles, jars, cans,
and other receptacles, in making one, two, or more apertures in the side
of the neck, and in fitting thereon a stopper, open or partially open at top,
with lips and channels so formed that unless. they are turned to correspond
with the aperture or apertures in the side of the neck, the bottle or jar is
hermetically closed; or we form the neck of bottles, jars, and other receptacles
with a channel or channels which extend a short distance down the neck, and
insert therein a stopper formed with a passage or passages, which are only
opened when it or they are turned to lead into the channels in the neck of
the vessel.
Our Invention, as above briefly described, is susceptible of several modifica-
tions, some of which we intend to shew and describe in our final Specification.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF REEPING AND REDUCING TOPSAILS
Year: 1856

page_text: rotection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1856.-A communication from Isaac Boss, of New York,
U. S. of America.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and
39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
REEPING AND REDUCING TOPSAILS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention, communicated to me, consists in the following arrangement:―
I make four eyelet holes in the reef, the first two being about two feet from
the centre of the sail on either side, the outer holes being about four feet from
the centre. The lines reef from aft forward, having knots in the ends of the
lines, bringing the knots close to the holes; the lines then run up between the
head of the sail on a straight line and the fore part of the yard, thence to the
mast head direct, with a block at the mast head, reefing from forward aft, and
thence leading on deck, or in the top, so continue with as many lines as may
be deemed necessary, according to the size of the topsail. These lines should
be made fast according to the lifts of the yard, that is, when the yard is down
the close reef will be in its place. For reefing the second and first reef, slack
the lines of the close reef, giving the second and first reef an opportunity to
come to the yard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF WOODS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASKS AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Lewsey and George
Nasmyth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th December 1856.
We, CHARLES JOHN LEWSEY and GEORGE NASMYTH, of Bucklersbury, in the
City of London, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the naturo of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF WOODS
USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASKS AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the use of woods compressed on the edges
and other parts intended to be brought into contact, or by placing between
the edges or other parts (whether compressed or not) pieces of compressed
wood.
We do not confine ourselves to the mode of effecting the compression, but
we may use any of the well-known appliances for that purpose; nor to the
kind or condition of the wood for rendering the various descriptions of vessels.
water-tight or otherwise close jointed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAUCEPAN,. KETTLES, AND OTHER LIKE CULINARY UTENSILS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hedgecomb Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1856.
I, GEORGE HEDGCOMBE SMITH, of North Perrott, near Crewkerne, in the
County of Somerset, Twine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAUCEPAN,.
KETTLES, AND OTHER LIKE CULINARY UTENSILS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means of access to the interior
of pots and kettles, and also to facilitate the egress of steam without removing
the lid or cover therefrom. For this purpose I make an opening in the lid of
sufficient size to admit of the insertion of a spoon in order to take up a portion
of the contents of the pot and ascertain the progress of the cooking operation;
and this opening I cover with a sliding plate, attached, by preference, to the
knob of the lid, and capable of moving round with it, to cover or uncover the
opening as required. This opening will permit of water or other liquid being.
added to the contents of the pot without the lid being removed; and when the
contents are boiling rapidly the partial uncovering of the opening will allow
the steam to escape, and prevent the contents from boiling over. Another
advantage of this arrangement is, that the edible matters contained in a sauce-
pan or pot are not liable to become smoked while under the operation of
cooking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jobson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1856.
I, JOHN JOBSON, of Litchurch, in the County of Derby, Ironfounder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows:-"
The Invention relates to improvements in or modifications of apparatus or
machinery for producing moulds for casting railway chairs, for which certain
Letters Patent were granted to me, bearing date the 23rd November 1855.
In the former Invention the patterns wore described with sliding pieces, by
withdrawing which recesses were left, into which other moveable pieces were
caused to withdraw, so as to admit of the mould being removed from the
pattern. These last-mentioned moveable pieces were shewn in the Drawings
accompanying the Specification of the aforesaid Letters Patent as being con-
trolled or guided in two different ways, that is to say, by turning upon pins or
by being mounted upon levers, like a parallel ruler. By the present Invention
I cause these parts to be controlled by slides or by slotted plates or other
guides, which guides may be of rectilinear, or angular, or curved, or mixed
form, or so constructed and arranged that the moveable pieces may be made to
withdraw in various directions, as may be required. When an overhanging
part or lip is required on the jaw of the chair, I cause such part to be with-
drawn into a recess in one of the moveable parts of the pattern, and then they
are withdrawn together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time- prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Cradock Monckton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1856.
I, EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of the Bengal Civil Service, and of
77, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows
(that is to say)
My Invention, which has for its object to improve the action of pianofortes,
so as to render the instrument more perfect in construction and uniform in
tone, and less subject to be acted upon by atmospherical changes, than those of
the ordinary construction, consists in employing, in lieu of the present buffing
leather or otherwise, vulcanized india-rubber, preparations thereof, or india-
rubber webbing, or similar fabrics, to be used separately or conjointly. with the
ordinary buffing materials at present employed in the various mechanical
portions of the action, such as the hammer heads, under levers, hoppers,, and
hopper springs, and in place of the balance weights in the key-boards; such
materials being also applicable for placing upon the hammer rests and rails,
and in all portions of the instrument where the ordinary, padding or baize is
now made use of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING OR PURCHASE APPARATUS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kennedy Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1856.
I, JAMES KENNEDY MARTIN, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING OR PURCHASE APPARATUS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the combination and working connection of the
capstans and windlasses of ships, so as to afford a much more efficient and
convenient hoisting power than is at present available for use. According to
one modification of this apparatus, the main vertical spindle of the capstan
has upon it a double crank, and a connecting rod from each of these cranks
passes to the paul apparatus of the windlass, so that as the capstan spindle
revolves a continuous movement is imparted to the windlass barrel. The
connection between the capstan and the windlass may be formed in many ways;
the essence of the present Invention being the so connecting the two that the
revolution of the capstan may work the windlass.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR HOLDING POSTAGE OR RECEIPT STAMPS, AND APPLICABLE WHOLLY OR IN PART TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hall Brock Thwaites at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1856.
I, JOHN HALL BROCK TUWAITES, of Bristol, Dentist, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS
FOR HOLDING POSTAGE OR RECEIPT STAMPS, AND APPLICABLE WHOLLY OR IN PART
TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a box or reservoir for containing the stamps,
which may either be wound round an axis contained within the reservoir, or
may be folded, for which purpose they form a continuous ribband, and may
be easily replenished when required. In the face or on the top of this reser-
voir is a slit, through which projects one end of the ribbon of stamps, and
level with the slit is a small table, against the edge of which the stamps drawn
out from the reservoir may be torn off as required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1856.
I, JOSEPH PARKER, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Grocer and
Tea Dealer, do hereby declare my Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements relate first to a novel arrangement of apparatus for
placing the cylinder used for roasting in and removing it from the fire; and,
secondly, in the method of carrying away the steam, moisture, and other
deleterious matter from the coffee, chicory, or other like substance whilst
submitted to operation of roasting. The cylinder so employed has bearings in
two arms or supports, which are fixed to one or more upright rods or beams,
so as to present the form of a quadrant; the upright beam moves upon a pivot
at its lower extremity, so as to take the cylinder to or from the fire, moving
in the circle described by the quadrant, having the pivot for its centre. The
cylinder may be turned either by hand, or by means of a chain or band passing
round a pulley upon its axle, and a second pulley secured upon a shaft running
through the pivot of the beam. Upon the interior surface of the cylinder is
fixed a series of scoops, in divisions, which as the cylinder revolves will cause

page_text: the coffee, &c. to fall in such a manner that the portion which laid upon the
hot cylinder in one compartment shall be uppermost in the next, thus pre-
venting the over-roasting or burning of the berry, &c.
The second part of my improvements consists in the application of a per-
forated tube passing through the cylinder from end to end (as an axis), and
furnished with taps at each end. During the process of roasting, these taps aro
kept open to allow of the escape of the steam, moisture, or other vapour or
noxious matter arising from the coffee, &c.; but when the berry has been
sufficiently roasted, and it is required to impart to it a "gloss" and "swell,"
the taps are then closed, confining the steam within the cylinder, by which
the desired effect is obtained. One end of the tube may be so contrived as to
allow of its being drawn out or from the other end, and being made in the
form of a scoop or spoon, so that a samplo of the contents of the cylinder may
be taken to test the roasting without opening the cylinder, and is furnished
with a suitable stop piece or catch to prevent its being drawn out too far.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elliott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1856.
I, JOHN ELLIOTT, of Southampton, in the County of Hants, Architect and
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN TAPS AND COCKS," to be as follows:-
My improvement in taps and cocks consists in fitting in the fluid way an
india-rubber or other flexible case or pouch, having a flexible rim or rims at
top resting on the outer surface of the tap, and having on them a bridge,
which supports and forms the axis for a lever or handle carrying a leaf or
stiffening piece which enters into and fills the pouch or case. When the
pouch is in place it entirely closes the fluid way, which in front of the pouch is
formed with a lip, or provided with a collar, which serves as a seat for the
pouch to rest or abut against. To open the tap the handle is moved, so as to
bring the case up against the top or side of the tap (where a recess may be
formed to receive it), and so leave a clear passage for the fluid. To apply this
contrivance to a two-way cock, the tap must be so arranged that one of its
orifices may be at the part which receives the case when moved to open the
other orifice.
When this Invention is applied to taps for fluid under pressure, the handle
should shut against a spring, or be formed with a spur or stop, entering a
stuffing box or recess, to check or break the jar in closing the tap. I also use
caoutchouc or other like suitable material between the leaf and the axis on
which it moves.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF DOOR Lock
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1856. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF DOOR
Lock," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to the arranging of the arbor of the lock in
relation to the bolt, so that the bolt may be operated by drawing and pushing
the arbor in and out, or by moving and sliding the arbor without turning it in
a direction transversely with the bolt.
Secondly, to the use of a bolt which turns upon a centre, and is connected
with the arbor by means of a rock lever, or its equivalent, so as to be operated
by the thrust of the arbor.
Thirdly, to the employment of a series of sector tumblers, which are fitted
between sliding plates and arranged with a spring, whereby the moving or
adjusting of a single tumbler is prevented, and the lock rendered unpickable.
One of these tumblers is made elastic, and bears against an oblique ledge
within the tumbler box, and attached to the casing. The tumblers, therefore,
as the plates are forced inwards, will be pressed together, and they will thus be
prevented from being operated upon separately.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAINING, AND CHECQUERING SKINS AND WOVEN TISSUES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gabriel Marie Legrand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1856.
I, GABRIEL MARIE LEGRAND, of 57, Rue de Bretagne, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
GRAINING, AND CHECQUERING SKINS AND WOVEN TISSUES, to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the employment of wire gauze, in conjunction
with strong pressure, for obtaining an imitation of morocco leather from the
skins of goats and sheep, and from calf and other skins, so as to give them a
striped grain. This process is also applicable to striping caoutchouc fabrics,
and oil and other cloths.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING LETTERS AND OTHER DEVICES ON METALLIC SURPACES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine-
moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th November 1856.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of 39, Rue do
l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and of No. 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FORMING LETTERS AND OTHER DEVICES
ON METALLIC SURPACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
To obtain the desired engraving, a zinc or other metallic plate is employed,
on which are formed, by the usual means, the letters, figures, or designs which
it is desired to produce in relief. By this means the plate exhibits in blank
the parts cut out, into which is poured a metallic compound, consisting of tin,
two parts; bismuth, two parts; antimony, one part; which composition, in
contact with zinc and copper, resists the action of acids. If, instead of an
engraving in relief, it is wished to obtain an intaglio engraving, I commence
by cutting, by the usual means, from the metallic plate the letters or designs
required. These letters or designs are then fixed on a thin sheet of zinc and
the base filled with the same composition.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING WATER FOR THE USE OF BREWERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Evans Blackwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1856.
I, THOMAS EVANS BLACKWELL, of 1, Cornwallis Grove, Clifton, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING WATER
FOR THE USE OF BREWERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in treating water for the
use of brewers. For this purpose, water which is soft, or comparatively soft, is
caused to be filtered through beds or filters composed of carbonate and sulphate
of lime, the action being aided by the use of carbonic acid gas, such materials
being used in combination with other filtering media to separate mechanically
mixed impurities from the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULTITUBULAR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Whitmore at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1856.
I, WILLIAM RICHARD WHITMORE, of Cambridge Terrace, Clapham Road,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULTITUBULAR STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to the kind of boilers known by the name of
multitubular boilers, in which the heated current from the fire passes through
a series of tubes placed in the body of the boiler, and surrounded by water.
Instead of making the tubes of a circular section, which is the ordinary plan,
I make them triangular, by which a greater heating surface may be obtained
in a given space, and I prefer to place these triangular tubes in rows, leaving
continuous uninterrupted channels between the rows to facilitate the passage
of the heated water and steam; these channels may be parallel or tapering,
or of variable width..
The triangular tubes may be manufactured by similar processes to those
employed in the manufacture of cylindrical and other tubes. They may be of
a perfect triangular form, or more or less rounded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL PENS FOR REGULATING THE ELASTICITY THEREOF
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1856.-A communication.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square (Office for Patents),
Charing Cross, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL PENS FOR REGULATING THE ELASTICITY THEREOF," (a
communication,) to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in adapting a spring to the upper or outer
surface of metallic pens: firstly, for the purpose of keeping the nibs closed;
secondly, for regulating the elasticity of the said nibs; and, thirdly, for insuring
a supply of ink thereto.
The means by which these improvements are to be effected according to this
Invention are as follows:-I so shape a piece of steel as that the upper part
thereof when bent forms a barrel, which fits either over the pen or the pen-
holder, as in practice may be found most desirable; and the lower part of said
piece of steel is in the form of a long narrow curved strip, the extreme point of
which presses upon the slit in the pen, and the other part is curved or bowed
outwards, which causes a quantity of ink to be retained by capillary attraction
between the outer surface of the pen and the aforesaid spring, so that when the
pen is in use, as the nibs are opened, by pressing thereon in the act of writing,
the ink will flow between them from the outer surface as well as the inner
surface of the pen. The alteration in the elasticity of the pen is effected by
sliding the aforesaid spring over the pen or holder, so as to alter the distance
between the point of the spring and the points of the nibs of the pen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Henri Etienne Mareschal at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1856.
I, JULES HENRI ETIENNE MARESCHAL, Engineer, of Paris (France), do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in hydraulic presses consist in, 11, making the pressing
table serve at the same time as a piston, gliding up and down in a large
cylinder; this piston having only a small thickness, and being provided around
its periphery with an elastic packing or ring, arranged in such manner that
whenever the piston is forced upwards by the water pressing under the same,
this elastic packing is driven closely against the inner surface of the cylinder;
whereas when the pressure of the water under the piston ceases, the packing,
being no more pressed against the inner surface of the cylinder, permits the
piston to descend with great facility. The substances to be pressed are intro-
duced in the cylinder above the piston, which latter, by ascending, presses
them together or drives them out of the cylinder into suitable moulds, which
arrangement renders my improved press applicable to various industrial
purposes, such, for instance, as the moulding of articles of clay or other plastic
materials, the pressing of hay, cloth, or other substance, the separation of
liquid from solid materials, and other analogous purposes.
2, adapting, under the piston, a valve opening at a certain pressure, and

page_text: serving consequently as a safety valve, as well as for drawing off the water
from under the piston when this latter is to descend.
3, adapting a manometer communicating with the water under the piston,
for ascertaining the degree of pressure exerted.
4, reducing the press to a small compass by the above-described arrange-
ments, and by fixing the cylinder and force pump on the upper part of the
water tank, which latter being provided with suitable wheels renders the press
locomobile or removeable from one spot to another.