A Process for the Manufacture of Artificial Human Milk and other Easily Digestible Foods.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Process for the Manufacture of Artificial Human Milk and other
Easily Digestible Foods.
We, REINER RIETH of 1, Neue Winterfeldstrasse Doctor of Philosophy and
OTTO DAHM of 10 Schaperstrasse, Gentleman, both in Berlin Germany do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The so called protein bodies form as is well known the chief constituent parts of
human nourishment. They are rightly called blood formers because from their
final outcome through digestion and assimilation the chief parts of the blood and
muscle flesh are formed. It would thus seem that especially children and sick and
convalescent persons ought to partake of food rich in protein.
But if the food for children and invalids were strengthened by the addition of
animal or vegetable albumen, the principal ingredient that practically could come
into question, the following evils are met with :-the albumen as such does not
assimilate, but has in the digestion process to be transformed into other substances,
thus involving an amount of digestion work which cannot be rendered by sucking
children, convalescents and patients especially with weakened or diseased digestive
organs. The preparation so called "peptone" latterly brought into the market was
intended to overcome this evil, but recent investigations by Ewald (Deutsche
Medicinische Wochenschrift 1890, No. 45) have proved that the conversion of the
albuminous substances during digestion never goes so far as to form "peptone" but
stops at the formation of albumose, from which it must be deducted that a further
considerable activity of the digestive organs is necessary for the re-formation of the
said preparation into the resorbative form.
A further property which is very deleterious to their application for the said
purposes appertains to the albuminous substances viz. that of easily coagulating by
heat, and this prevents them from being used as addition to other articles of food
and makes the sterilizing process difficult or impossible.
The aforesaid defects are avoided by a body the chemical nature of which has not
yet been fully ascertained and which is obtained by heating in solution above the
boiling point of water albumen or albuminous substances such as the white of hens
eggs, blood, albumen, fibrine, caseine, legumine, starch and the like, whereupon
after the said bodies are coagulated their re-dissolution follows. These bodies will
not then coagulate. In this way (and this is a great advantage) no real peptone is
formed, as such, because of its bitter taste renders the application of peptone
preparations difficult.
But this albumen which will not coagulate is doubtless according to its chemical
reactions and its physiological action if not actually albumose at least a body
closely approaching it. This circumstance is from the reasons given of special
importance for its application to the production of easily digestible foods, which is
a chief object of my invention.
By means of this albuminous body as proved by a long series of experiments it
has become possible to obliterate the principal difference between animal milk and
human milk. The proteine bodies in animal milk consist as is well known chiefly
of caseine with little albumen, whereas human milk chiefly contains albumen with
little caseine. Upon this depends the comparative indigestibility of the animal milk
and the digestibility of the human milk. Cows milk or other animal milk, wherein
this difference has been obliterated by the addition of the said albumose like
albumen, is suitable as substitute for human milk and may be boiled, sterilized or
dessicated without suffering the detrimental change which coagulable albuminous
bodies would produce therein.

page_text: This albumose like non-coagulable albumen may with like advantage be applied
in conjunction with any other liquid or dry food or stimulant for the purpose of
either to increase the blood forming percentage to any desired extent and in an
easily digestible form, or in order to give to such food or stimulants which contain
little or no nourishing substances the properties of very valuable and for certain
invalids very useful nourishments. By this process beef-tea, cocoa, coffee or tea
may for instance be made nourishing to any desired extent without in the least
altering the taste or smell of these substances or affecting their appetizing
appearance.
In this way a great want is supplied especially as regards the nourishment
physiology of children, invalids and convalescents, by the possibility of increasing
the percentage of proteine in food as desired and in an easily digestible form, or the
possibility of giving to poor food or to stimulants any desired degree of nourishing
properties. The medical man especially thus obtains for ready use a means for
giving such persons a nourishing food of pleasant taste of any desired nourishing
capacity and yet easily digestible so that they may be strengthened thereby to an
extent heretofore unattainable.
D
001 1
1100
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Process for the Manufacture of Artificial Human Milk and other
Easily Digestible Foods.
We, REINER RIETH of 1 Neue Winterfeldstrasse Doctor of Philosophy and
OTTO DAHM of 10 Schaperstrasse Berlin Germany Gentleman do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The so called protein bodies form as is well known the chief constituent parts of
human nourishment. They are rightly called blood formers because from their
final outcome through digestion and assimilation the chief parts of the blood and
muscle flesh are formed. It would thus seem that especially children, and sick and
convalescent persons ought to partake of food rich in protein.
But if the food for children and invalids were strengthened by the addition of
animal or vegetable albumen, the principal ingredient that practically could come
into question, the following evils are met with the albumen as such does not
assimilate, but has in the digestion process to be transformed into other substances,
thus involving an amount of digestion work which cannot be rendered by sucking
children convalescents and patients especially with weakened or diseased digestive
organs. The preparation so called "peptone" latterly brought into the market was
intended to overcome this evil, but recent investigations by Ewald (Deutsche
Medicinische Wochenschrift 1890 No. 45) have proved that the conversion of the
albuminous substances during digestion never goes so far as to form "peptone" but
stops at the formation of albumose, from which it must be deducted that a further
considerable activity of the digestive organs is necessary for the re-formation of the
said preparation into the assimilative form.
A further property which is very deleterious to their application for the said
purposes appertains to the albuminous substances viz. that of easily coagulating by
heat, and this prevents them from being used as addition to other articles of food
and makes the sterilizing process difficult or impossible.
The aforesaid defects are avoided by a body the chemical nature of which has
not yet been fully ascertained and which is obtained by heating in solution above
the boiling point of water (say to about 120 to 150° C. in a closed jacketed vessel
by means of superheated steam or high pressure steam in the jacket or in a closed

page_text: unjacketed vessel by direct steam) albumen or albuminous substances such as the
white of hens' eggs, blood albumen, fibrine, casëine, legumine, gluten and the like,
whereupon after the said bodies are coagulated their re-dissolution follows. These
bodies will not then coagulate. In this way (and this is a great advantage) no real
peptone is formed as the same because of its bitter taste, renders the application of
peptone preparations difficult.
But this albumen which will not coagulate is doubtless according to its chemical
reactions and its physiological action if not actually albumose at least a body
closely approaching it. This circumstance is from the reasons given of special
importance for its application to the production of easily digestible foods, which is a
chief object of our invention.
By means of this albuminous body as proved by a long series of experiments it
has become possible to obliterate the principal difference between animal milk and
hnman milk. The proteine bodies in animal milk consist as is well known chiefly
of caseine with little albumen whereas human milk chiefly contains albumen with
little caseine. Upon this depends the comparative indigestibility of the animal
milk and the digestibility of the human milk. Cow's milk or other animal milk
wherein this difference has been obliterated by the addition of the said albumose-
like albumen is suitable as substitute for human milk and may be boiled sterilized
or dessicated without suffering the detrimental change which coagulable albuminous
bodies would produce therein.
The following examples will serve to illustrate the manner in which this part of
our invention may suitably be carried into effect but the proportions of the
substances to be mixed with the albuminous matter (that has been rendered soluble
in the manner described) may be varied, and so also the substances to be mixed
therewith if desired without departing from our invention.
An artificial human milk or a milk resembling human milk in its qualities is
obtained by adding 1 part by weight of our albuminous substance to 100 parts of
cows milk.
Another suitable example is 2 parts by weight of our albuminous substance to
100 parts of cows milk.
Our non-coagulable albuminous substance acts as a corrective for the albumen in
the cows milk or other animal milk.
This albumose like non-coagulable albumen may with like advantage be applied
in conjunction with any other liquid or dry food or stimulant for the purpose of
either to increase the blood forming percentage to any desired extent and in an
easily digestible form, or in order to give to such food or stimulants which contain
little or no nourishing substances the properties of very valuable and for certain
invalids very useful nourishments. By this process beef tea cocoa coffee or tea
may for instance be made nourishing to any desired extent without in the least
altering the taste or smell of these substances or affecting their appetizing
appearance.
As a suitable example but without binding ourselves thereto we will name 1 parts
by weight of our albuminous substance to 100 parts of beef tea, cocoa, coffee or tea
to be mixed therewith.
Another suitable example is 3 parts of our albuminous substance to 100 parts of
beef tea cocoa coffee or tea.
For invalids or weakly constitutions the proportion of our albuminous substance
may suitably be diminished.
In this way a great want is supplied, especially as regards the physiology of
nourishing children, invalids and convalescents, by the possibility of increasing the
percentage of proteine in food as desired and in an easily digestible form, or the
possibility of giving to poor food or to stimulants any desired degree of nourishing
properties. The medical man especially thus obtains for ready use a means for
giving such persons a nourishing food of pleasant taste of any desired nourishing
capacity and yet easily digestible so that they may be strengthened thereby to an
extent heretofore unobtainable.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
First. A process for the manufacture of artificial human milk from animal milk
consisting in that animal or vegetable albumen by the application of heat, or steam
under pressure, is rendered into the noncoagulable form and this changed albumose-
like albumen is applied as a corrective for the albumen in the animal milk
substantially as set forth.
Second. A process for the production of specially valuable and easily digestible
food consisting in that the food value and assimilability of food articles is increased
or non-nourishing food or stimulants are rendered nourishing to any desired extent
and while easily assimilated, by the admixture therewith of the described albumose-
like non coagulable albuminous substances substantially as set forth.
Third. As a new product the artificial human milk named in the first claim
consisting of animal milk combined with albumen rendered soluble by high heat, or
steam under pressure.
Fourth. The new product named in the second claim consisting of food containing
albumen rendered soluble by high heat, or steam under pressure.
Dated this 15th day of January 1892.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.