IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND OTHER PRESSES, AND IN STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS FOR WORKING THE SAME. AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Nathan Dack, of Patricroft, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND OTHER PRESSES, AND IN STEAM
ENGINES AND PUMPS FOR WORKING THE SAME. AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”
"
Sealed the 12th January 1875, and dated the 13th November.1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Nathan Dack
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th November 1874.
I, WILLIAM NATHAN DACK, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND OTHER PRESSES, AND IN
STEAM ENGINES and PUMPS FOR WORKING THE SAME, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows :-
:-
The first part of my Invention is applicable to hydraulic and other
presses generally, and it consists in making the top and bottom or end
pieces or tables of steel or wrought iron instead of cast iron as now cus-
tomary. I prefer to cast or forge these parts of a tubular, box, or

page_text: H section, but do not limit myself thereto; also, in casting rings on
hydraulic cylinders at short intervals, to increase the strength and to
ensure a solid casting.
The second, part of my Invention is applicable to double hydraulic
baling presses for consolidating cotton and other bales that have been
pressed in ordinary presses. In these double presses it has been cus-
tomary to make the centre cross piece in two parts, united transversely
by bolts, each part forming a cylinder with snugs fitting on the pillars.
This mode of construction is objectionable owing to the difficulty in
repairs and casting. Now my improvements consist in making the
centre piece in two or more parts, united longitudinally by bolts or
otherwise to allow the cylinders to be made of separate pieces of steel,
iron, or brass. By this means repairs are easy and the original cost is
reduced.. In these double hydraulic baling presses it is customary to
bring back the rams and followers by counterweights; now my improve-
ments consist in applying hydraulic cylinders with rams connected by
chains passing over guide pulleys to the rams and followers to bring
them back after the bale is pressed.
My improvements in pumps for working hydraulic presses consist in
connecting any convenient number of pump rams to one cross head, a
corresponding number being placed on each side of the cross head to_
equalize the pressure on the cylinder of the steam engine; also in
making the rams hollow, and connecting the pump barrels to the piston.
rod, cross head, or slide; in this case the rams are stationary and the
valves are placed in a fixed block, to which the rams are attached.
My improvements in steam engines for working hydraulic presses and
for other purposes consist in an improved combination of machinery for
varying the position of the expansion valves, thereby rendering the
engines more under the control of the governor. To accomplish this I
use an elbow lever, one arm of which is connected to the expansion gear
and the other to a link jointed to a fixed centre; also a lever worked by
an eccentric and connected to the expansion valves, by a link, which is
made to rise and fall by the governor, in combination with the expansion
gear; also a lever connected by links to the slide valves; one end of this
lever is jointed to a fixed fulcrum and the other to the rod of the piston,
working in a cylinder, thereby taking the pressure off the valves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the. Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Nathan Dack in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NATHAN DACK, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
¿
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Nathan Dack, Her
special licence, that I, tho said William Nathan Dack, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Nathan
Dack, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND OTHER PRESSES, AND IN
STEAM ENGINES and Pumps for WORKING THE SAME, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Nathan
Dack, my executors or administrators, by an instrument, in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Nathan Dack, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The first part of my Invention is applicable to hydraulic and other
presses generally, and it consists in making the top and bottom or end
pieces or tables of steel or wrought iron instead of cast iron as now cus-
tomary. I prefer to cast or forge these parts of a tubular, box, or
H section, but do not limit myself thereto.

page_text: In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is an clevation partly
in section of a double hydraulic baling press, in which the two end
plates or tables A, A, are cast of steel in the form of a tube, and then
forged on a mandril to the shape required; Fig. 2 is a side view, and
Fig. 3 a section of the end plate or table.
Steel and wrought iron being much stronger than cast iron enables
me to make these parts much lighter than heretofore, thus affording
facility in manipulating and in transporting; this is of great importance
in presses that are intended to be used up country in India or other
cotton-growing places.
Another part of my Invention which is applicable to hydraulic presses
generally consists in casting rings on the cylinders at short intervals to
increase the strength and to ensure a solid casting, as shewn in Fig. 4.
It is evident that the number of the rings can be varied.
•
The second part of my Invention is applicable to double hydraulic
baling presses for consolidating cotton and other bales that have been.
pressed in ordinary presses. In these double presses it has been cus-
tomary to make the centre cross piece a in two parts, united transversely
by bolts b, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 5, each part forming a cylinder for
the rams d, d, which are connected to the followers e, e, the snugs on
the cross pieces fitting on the pillars or tie bars c, c. This mode of con-
struction is objectionable owing to the difficulty in casting and in
repairs. Now my improvements, which are illustrated in Figs. 6, 7,
and 8, consist in making the centre piece a in two parts, united longi-
tudinally by bolts b, b. The snugs on the pieces a fit on the pillars or
The cylinders, instead of being formed in the
cross pieces a, a, as before, I now make of separate pieces of steel, iron,
or brass, with a flange or collar at each end, as shewn at g, g. These
cylinders are provided with rams connected to followers, as shewn in
Fig. 1. By thus constructing the parts repairs are facilitated and the
original cost is reduced. In some cases the cross piece a may be cast
in one piece, and the cylinders 9 would then be held by caps; or the
cross piece may be put together in three parts, with transverse joints at
the centres of the cylinders; or the cylinders may be made with a loose.
flange at one end and plain holes in the cross piece, through which the
cylinders are passed, the object being to allow the cylinders to be made
detached from the cross pièce.
tie bars c, c, as before.

page_text: My improvements in pumps for working hydraulic presses and steam
engines for working hydraulic presses and for other purposes are repre-
sented in Figs. 9 and 10. In Fig. 9, is the cylinder; i, the crank
shaft; and j, the governor. The valves of the cylinder / are shewn as
being arranged in the manner described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to myself in conjunction with George Holcroft on the
3rd day of December 1870, Number 3176, but they may be arranged in
any other convenient manner. The pumps k are worked by the lever m,
which is connected to the cross head of the piston rod by the linkin,
and by the links m³ connected to the cross heads 7, in which the pump.
rams are fixed. I have shewn six pump rams for working the
but any other convenient number may be used, and an equal number
should be placed on each side of the lever m to equalize the pressure on
the cylinder of the steam engine. The pumps k may be worked direct
from the piston rod cross head, thereby dispensing with the lever m and
causing the pump rams to work the full length of the stroke of the
piston.
pumps,

page_text: And, Lastly. The improved apparatus for reducing the pressure on
slide valves, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 12.
In witness. whereof, I, the said William Nathan Dack, have hereto
•
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, One thousand
cight hundred and seventy-five.