IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Shaw and John Clayton, of Higher
Walton, near Preston, in the County of Lancaster, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING"
Sealed the 22nd December 1868, and dated the 29th June 1868,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Shaw and
John Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th June 1868.
We, RICHARD SHAW and JOHN CLAYTON, of Higher Walton, near
Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the yarn beam and weighting motion of the
loom, and consists in suspending the beam by the yarn for the purpose
of causing the beam and yarn upon it to act as a weight for weighting
the yarn.
In one arrangement we place the yarn beam on levers working on
studs fixed to the end frames of the loom. The yarn from the beam
passes over the rest bar and breast beam to the taking-up roller in the

page_text: usual manner, and at each movement of the taking-up motion the yarn
beam is raised, and when the reed is beating up an eccentric or tappet
on the crank shaft acts on a cross bar connected to the levers and forces
down the yarn beam, the effect of which is to cause the beam to turn
and let off the required quantity of yarn; or the levers can be acted
upon for lowering the yarn beam by eccentrics or tappets on the tappet
shaft, or acted upon by any other working part of the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Shaw and John Clayton in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 26th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
SHAW and JOHN CLAYTON, of Higher Walton, near Preston, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in. the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Richard Shaw and John Clayton,
Her special license that we, the said Richard Shaw and John Clayton,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Richard Shaw and John Clayton, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Richard Shaw
and John Clayton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Shaw and John Clayton,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to the yarn beam and weighting motion of the
loom, and consists in improved modes of suspending the beam by the
yarn for the purpose of causing the beam and yarn upon it to act as
a weight for weighting the yarn and keeping it at its proper tension.
In one arrangement we place the pivots of the yarn beam on short
arms of bent levers working on studs fixed to the side frames of the
loom, the levers being connected together by a cross bar with which
the yarn is in contact as it passes from the yarn beam and over the rest
bar and breast beam to the taking-up roller and cloth beam. When the
healds are forming the shed, and the reed beating up, the yarn beam is
raised, and as the taking-up roller revolves the yarn beam lets off the
required quantity of yarn.
We modify this arrangement by substituting for the short arms of the
bent levers bosses working in brackets fixed to the side frames, and form
bearings in the bosses for the pivots of the yarn beam, the said bearings
being as much eccentric as those in the short arms of the bent levers.
When weaving heavy fabrics it may be found desirable to assist the
yarn beam to let off the yarn by causing one or more eccentrics or
tappets on the crank shaft to act on a rod or rods connected to the cross
bar or levers and force down the yarn beam, the effect of which is to
cause the increased tension to slightly turn the beam to let off the
required quantity of yarn.
The manner in which our Invention is to to be performed will be
clearly understood by the following particular description thereof,
reference being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2 are end and back elevations drawn
to a reduced scale of the framework and other parts of a loom provided
with one arrangement of our improved weighting motions; Figs. 3 and 4
are similar views of a modification of the same; Figs. 5. and 6 are
detached views of some of the parts, and Fig. 7 an end view representing
one mode of assisting the yarn beam to let off the yarn.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, a represents in whole or in part the end
frames of the loom; b, the yarn beam; c, the rest bar; d, the emery or
taking-up roller; e, the cloth beam; and f, the yarn.

page_text: In Figs. 1, 2, and 5 the pivots h of the yarn beam are placed in the
short arms of the bent levers i, k, which work in studs m bolted to
brackets n fixed to the side frames a. The levers are connected together
by fixing to the tops of the long arms k the cross bar o, to the ends of
which are connected ropes or chains p, which are passed round the
'ruffles or friction bosses q, and fastened to springs r. The yarn from
the yarn beam passes under the cross bar over the rest bar, and over the
breast beam to the taking-up roller and cloth beam, the weight of the
yarn beam forcing the short arms downwards and the long arms and
cross bar inwards, and keeping the yarn tight. When the shed opens
and closes, and at the time of the beating up and its recoil, the yarn
beam rises and falls and maintains the yarn at a uniform tension, the
springs and ropes or chains keeping the cross bar against the yarn during
the movements.
of the yarn beam are placed in
lower parts of the levers t, to the
The bosses work in the brackets u,
In Figs. 3, 4, 6, and the pivots
bearings in the bosses 8, forming the
tops of which is fixed the cross bar o.
and the bearings for the pivots bear the same relation to the centre of
the bosses as the bearings in the short arms, Figs. 1, 2, and 5, do to the
centres of their fulcra. The yarn beam rises and falls and lets off the
yarn in the same manner as before described for the bent levers, but as
the bosses have much greater bearing surface than the studs there is
greater steadiness and uniformity of action. For assisting the yarn
beam to let off the yarn we connect to the middle of the cross bar o,
Fig. 7, a rod v, having at its front end a lateral projection w, and to the
crank shaft x we fix an eccentric y, which when the crank z is arriving
.at the front centre acts upon the projection to and pulls the cross bar
tightly against the yarn, which causes the beam slightly to turn and let
off the yarn. When desired the cross bar may be acted upon at both
ends instead of in the middle, and motion may be given to it by means
of double tappets on the tappet shaft, or by the movement of the slay or
other working part of the loom.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to
be understood that we claim, the improved modes of suspending the
yarn beam on levers carrying a cross bar in contact with the yarn for
the purpose of weighting the yarn and keeping it at a proper tension,
and also the modes of assisting the yarn beam to let off the yarn, as all

page_text: such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Shaw and John Clayton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Richard
Shaw and John Clayton, in
the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
RICHARD SHAW. (L.S.)
JOHN CLAYTON. (L.S.)