IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges, of the Firm of Brydges & Co.,
Engineers & Patent Agents, Belle Alliance Str., 32, Berlin, Germany, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER
MATERIALS." A communication by Carl Gmelin, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers & Patent
Agents, Belle Alliance Str., 32, Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS." (A communication by Carl Gmelin,
of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.)
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cutting paper or other
material, such as sample books for paperhangers, upholsterers, and decorators, book
edges, linen, and other similar materials.
The sample books for paperhangers, decorators, and others are difficult to cut, as
they do not consist of simple paper, but are covered with thick layers of bronze,'
sand, and color of all kinds, so that the expensive guillotine knives or cutters
become jagged and notched after a few cuts, and besides this guillotines are
expensive, occupy a considerable space, and cost considerable sums to keep them
in order, whereas the ordinary bookbinders' plough admits only of a very limited
application.
This Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for cutting paper or other
materials, which improved apparatus is in the following Specification for shortness
sake denominated a plane.
The plane or apparatus for cutting paper or other materials consists of a knife or
mitter which is attached to a rack by means of a screw.

page_text: The rack is slotted, and the end of the knife or cutter also forklike slotted, so
that the two prongs are firmly pressed against the surface of the rack by means
of a winged or other nut; or the rack can be bored at various parts, and these
borings provided with screw threads to permit of the knife or cutter being adjusted
according to requirements, but the application of the slotted rack and cutter and
pressure screw is preferred.
If the knife is worn, or if it is desired to cut paper or other material of more
than usual thickness, it is only necessary to loosen the nut, when the knife or
cutter can be adjusted to the required depth.
A pinion gears into the rack, and is either of one piece with the spindle of the
handles or keyed to the same. The handles are pushed over the four cornered
(square), triangular, or other form of spindle, and are firmly attached to the same
by means of nuts.
A guide plate is provided for the knife or cutter attached to the side of the
plane.
The plane is made of wood or other suitable material, and is either provided
with a groove, which fits on a rib of a rail, or the rail can be perfectly flat, and
the plane be provided with a second guide plate on the side opposite to the
knife.
The rail is at each end provided with a screw spindle, which projects downwards
to the side of the table, or if the apparatus remains stationary can run through a
boring in the table.
This said spindle goes through a lower rail, so that when the nuts are screwed
tight the paper or other material. is so firmly compressed as to form one compact
mass.
Instead of the winged nuts a crank shaft and wheels can be so arranged that by
turning the crank both nuts or spindles are moved simultaneously, and the paper
or other material compressed or released.
If the plane is to be put in operation the paper or other material is laid on
the table beneath the rail, the nuts screwed up, and the paper firmly compressed.
The handles of the plane are now turned until the knife or cutter comes in
contact with the paper. After each cut the handles are moved a sufficient distance
to attain the required depth of cut.
According to a modification of this Invention a screw spindle is employed instead
of the rack.
The wheel is operated by means of the pinion attached to the handles.
A bevilled wheel is firmly attached to the before mentioned wheel, and gears
into another bevelled wheel, so that by turning the handles the wheels are operated
and the screw spindle moved.
A further bevilled wheel is for this purpose bored out and threaded, so that the
same acts as a nut. In this case the guide plate reaches to the upper surface of
the paper or other material, and is also formed with a dovetail groove to serve as
guide for the knife.
An arm is made of one piece with the spindle or firmly attached to the same.
The knife is attached to this arm by means of screws, or the arm can be slotted as
described in reference to the rack aforementioned. There is a groove in the front
or rear surface of the rail to receive a pin or projection attached to the guide plate,
so as to prevent the plane from leaving the paper during the cutting of the
same.
According to another modification of the Invention a circular knife or cutter is
employed, which is attached to the arm by means of a screw and nut.
The arm is attached to the spindle of a wheel, which latter gears into an
endless screw. The endless screw turns in journals, and carries at the opposite
end a bevil wheel, which gears into another bevil wheel attached to the spindle of
the handles.

page_text: To permit of the adjustment of the knife the arm is provided with a slot, in
which a screw can be moved up and down.
The arm moves in a semicircular dovetail groove in the guide plate.
The knife can also be so arranged that the same revolves in cutting paper or
other material.
According to another arrangement of the circular knife or cutter, in which the
position of the knife to the paper is regulated direct by means of the handles
or wheels, a ratchet wheel and pawl are used to prevent the cutter turning
back.
Another modification consists in forming an endless screw on the spindle, or
attaching an endless screw to the said spindle, which gears into a screw wheel.
This wheel gears into an endless screw on the spindle, to which the cutter or
knife is attached.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th September 1880.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and Patent
Agents, Belle Alliance Str., 32, Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS." (A communication by Carl Gmelin,
of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.)
The Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cutting paper or other
material, such as sample books for paperhangers, upholsterers, decorators, and
others, book edges, linen, and other similar materials.
The sample books for paper hangers, decorators, and others are difficult to cut, as
they do not consist of simple paper, but are covered with thick layers of bronze,
sand, and colour of all kinds, so that the expensive guillotine knives or cutters
become jagged and notched after a few cuts, and besides this guillotines are
expensive, occupy a considerable space, and cost considerable sums to keep them
in order, whereas the ordinary bookbinders' plough admits only of a very limited
application.
The Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for cutting paper or other
materials, which in the following Specification is for shortness sake denominated a
plane.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is an elevation of the plane or apparatus
for cutting paper or other material; Figure 2 is a top view or plan; Figure 3 is a
section of Figure 1. A is the knife or cutter, which is attached to the rack B by
means of the screw D. The rack B is slotted, and the end of the knife or cutter
also forklike slotted, so that the two prongs are firmly pressed against the surface
of the rack by means of a winged or other suitable. nut; or the rack can be bored
at various parts, and these borings provided with screw threads to permit of the
knife or cutter being adjusted according to requirements, but the slotted rack and
knife or cutter and the winged or other nut is preferred.
If the knife is worn, or if it is desired to cut paper or other material of more
than usual thickness, it is only necessary to loosen the nut, when the knife or
cutter can be adjusted to the required depth.
C is a pinion, which gears into the rack B, and is attached to the same spindle E
with the wheel G, which gears into the pinion H. The spindle E revolves in the
journals F. The pinion H, which gears into the wheel G, is either of one piece
with the spindle K of the handles U or keyed to the same. The handles are
pushed over the square, triangular, or other form of spindle K, and are firmly
attached to the same by means of the nuts V.
L is a guide plate for the knife or cutter A. attached to the side of the plane M.
M is the plane made of wood, cast iron, or other suitable material, which is either
provided with a groove, which fits on the rib or tongue N of the rail O, or the rail
can be perfectly flat, and the plane be provided with a second guide plate on the
opposite side to the knife A. The rail O is at each end provided with a screw
spindle P, which projects downwards to the side of the table, or if the apparatus
remains stationary can run through a boring in the table T.
This said spindle goes through the lower rail R, so that when the nuts Q are
screwed tight the paper or other material is so firmly compressed as to form one
compact mass. Instead of the winged nuts Q a crank shaft and wheels can be so
arranged that by turning the crank both nuts or spindles are moved simultaneously,
and the paper or other material compressed or released, as shown in Figures 23
to 30, and described further on.
If the plane is to be put in operation the paper or other material S is laid on the
table T beneath the rail O, the nuts Q screwed up or the crank turned in the
necessary direction, and the paper firmly compressed.

page_text: The handles of the plane are now turned until the knife or cutter comes in
contact with the paper.
After each cut the handles are moved a sufficient distance to attain the required
depth of cut.
It is evident that when the handles are turned in the direction shown by the
arrow in Figure 1 the knife or cutter will be moved downwards, and by a back-
ward turn the knife or cutter raised.
After the paper or other material S has been cut the nuts are released or the
crank turned in the opposite direction, i.e., to the left or right according to the
kind of thread used, and a fresh quantity of paper inserted; or the plane and rails
can be moved a suitable distance forwards or rearwards to cut the paper at another.
point as may be desired.
Figures 4 and 7 show a modification of the Invention. Figure 4 is an elevation;
Figure 5 is a section on the line x, x, in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a top view or plan;
Figure 7 is a section of Figure 4 in perspective. In this modification is shown a
screw spindle instead of the rack B².
The wheel G is operated by means of the pinion H attached to the spindle of the
handles U.
The bevilled wheel G is firmly attached to or of one piece with the wheel G,
and gears into the bevilled wheel C₁, so that by turning the bandles U the wheels
are operated and the screw spindle moved. The bevilled wheel C¹ is for this
purpose bored out and threaded, so that the same acts as nut. In this case the guide
plate L is shown as reaching to the upper surface of the paper or other material,
and is also formed with a dovetail groove to serve as guide for the knife A.
same.
B' is an arm made of one piece with the spindle B2, or firmly attached to the'
The knife A is attached to this arm by means of the screws D; or the arm
can be slotted, as above described in reference to the rack; or the same can be
attached to the screw spindle by means of a suitable bolt and fly nut, the spindle
being slotted to receive the head of the said bolt.
O is a groove in the front or rear surface of the rail O to receive a pin or pro-
jection attached to the guide plate L so as to prevent the plane from leaving the
paper S during the cutting of the same.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 illustrate another modification of the Invention by which a
circular knife or cutter A¹ is used, which is attached to the arm B¹ by means of the
screw and nut D. The arm B¹ is attached to the spindle of the wheel B³, which
latter gears into the endless screw C¹.
The endless screw revolves in the journals F, and carries at the opposite end a
bevil wheel G which gears into the bevil wheel H¹ attached to the spindle of the
handles U.
To permit of the adjustment of the knife A¹ the arm B¹ is provided with a slot.
in which the screw D can be moved up and down.
The arm B¹ moves in a semi-circular groove in the guide plate L. The knife
can also be so arranged that the same revolves in cutting the paper or other
material.
Figures 11 and 12 show another arrangement of the circular knife or cutter, in
which the position of the knife to the paper is regulated direct by means of the
handles U; or the wheels H, G, can be used. A ratchet wheel and pawl are used
to prevent the cutter turning back.
The
Figure 13 shows a further modification in which only one handle at the rear end
of the plane is used. The screw wheel is operated on by the endless screw.
handle can be attached direct to the spindle of the endless screw, or to a separate
spindle. On this spindle K sets a pinion H which gears into the pinion G on the
spindle of the endless screw.
Another modification consists in forming an endless screw on the spindle K, or
attaching an endless screw to the said spindle so that the screw gears into a screw
wheel. This wheel gears into an endless screw on the spindle to which the cutter

page_text: or knife is attached. The Figures 14 to 22 show various other modifications, in
which the handle is placed on the top of the plane.
In the modifications, Figures 14, 15, 16, the endless screw H³ is fixed to the
spindle of the handle. This screw gears into the screw wheel G2, to which the
pinion is attached, or the pinion is keyed to the same spindle as the screw wheel.
The pinion C gears into the rack B, so that the knife is raised or lowered by
turning the handle U.
Figures 17 and 18 show another modification in which the rack is raised or
lowered by means of the endless screw C₁; or the screw pinion G³ can be so arranged
as to gear direct with the rack B.
Figures 19, 19, 20, 20, show another modification, in which a screw pinion C³
is used, the threads of which are so cut through that the same acts simultaneously
as screw and screw wheel.
Figures 21 and 22 show a simple arrangement whereby a ratchet wheel and
pawl are used.
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a table T with arrangements for compressing
the paper or other material, whereby the upper rail or beam O is raised and lowered
by means of a crank Q¹, pinion Q, and rack P; R is the lower rail. This arrange-
ment is constructed to replace the winged nuts Q and the general arrangement, as
shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 24 is a side view; Figure 25, a section of Figure 23 on the line x, y;
Figure 26 is a modification whereby the screw spindle P is raised and lowered by
means of a chain wheel Q which acts as nut on the spindle P.
Q, Q, are two bevil wheels for driving the chain wheel by means of the
crank Q. The chain wheel Q is of one piece with the bevilled wheel Q³ or firmly
attached to the same; Figure 27 shows a section of this modification. Instead
of using the bevilled wheels Q3, Q³, a hand wheel or crank can be so attached to
the chain wheel Q that the same is revolved.
Figures 28 and 29 represent a modification in which an endless screw Q' and
screw wheel Q are used, the screw wheel Q acts also as a nut; Figure 29 is a
bottom view of this modification.
Figure 30 represents another modification whereby two pairs of hyperbolical
wheels Q, Q2, are employed.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be carried out, it is to be understood that the inventor
does not confine himself to the precise details hereinbefore described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied without
departing from the tenor of the said Invention, but what I desire on behalf of
my correspondent to claim and secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. The knife or cutter A and rack B in combination with the pinions C 4
and H, wheel G, and guide plate L, substantially as shown in the Drawings and
described in the foregoing Specification.
Secondly. The knife or cutter A, rack B, pinions and wheel C, H, G, with or
without guide plate in combination with the body of the plane M, the rails O and
R, and spindles and nuts P, Q, substantially as shown in the accompanying 4
Drawings and described in the foregoing Specification.
Thirdly. The general construction of the plane or apparatus, as shown in Figures
1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, and the parts connected with the same,
substantially as described in the foregoing Specification.
Fourthly. The modification of the plane or apparatus, as shown in Figures 5
4 to 7 in which a screw spindle is used instead of the rack B, substantially as
described.
Fifthly. The combination of the adjustable knife or cutter A with the arm B¹ of
the spindle B (Figures 4 to 7) or the rack B (Figures 1 to 3), substantially as
described.
Sixthly. The general arrangement of the parts, as shown in Figures 8 to 10 in
5

page_text: combination with a circular knife or cutter A, substantially as shown and for the
purpose specified.
Seventhly. The knife or cutter A¹, arm B¹, and guide plate L in combination
with the screw wheel B³, endless screw C', and bevil wheels G', H', substantially
as shown in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing
Specification.
Eighthly. The modification shown in Figures 11 and 12, whereby the circular
cutter or knife is excentrically arranged, substantially as described in the foregoing
Specification.
Ninthly. The general construction, combination, and arrangement of the parts in
the various modifications, substantially as shown in the accompanying Drawings
and described in the foregoing Specification.
Tenthly. The combination of the handle U, endless screw or screw pinion H²
with the screw pinion G³, pinion C, and rack B (Figures 14 to 16), substantially
as shown and described.
Eleventhly. The endless screw H2 and screw pinion G³ alone or in combination
with the endless screw C¹ and rack B, which is provided with inclined teeth
(Figures 17 and 18), substantially as shown and described.
Twelfthly. The screw pinion C³ (Figures 19 to 20°), which acts simultaneously
as endless screw and screw pinion, substantially as shown and described.
Thirteenthly. The double acting screw pinion C³ in combination with the rack B
and endless screw, substantially as described.
Fourteenthly. The ratchet wheel, pawl, and spring in combination with the
spindle and guide bar, substantially as shown and described (Figures 21 and 22).
Fifteenthly. The general construction and arrangement of the apparatus for
compressing the paper or other material, substantially as described and as shown in
the accompanying Drawings, Figures 23 to 30, and for the purpose specified.
Sixteenthly. The combination of the crank Q, pinion Q, and rack P, in com-
bination with the upper and lower rails O and R, substantially as shown, above
described, and for the purpose specified.
Seventeenthly. The combination of the chain wheel Q, bevil wheels Q3, Q³, with
the upper rail O and lower rail R, substantially as shown in the accompanying
Drawings, as described in the foregoing Specification, and for the purpose specified.
Eighteenthly. The endless screw Q' and screw wheel Q, in combination with the
rails O and R and spindle P, substantially as shown, described, and for the purpose
specified.
Nineteenthly. The hyperbolical wheels Q, Q³, in combination with the rails O
and R, substantially as shown in the accompanying Drawings, as described in the
foregoing Specification, and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.