IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND REGULATION OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT, AND POWER; VIZ. DYNAMO-MACHINES AND REGULATOR ARC- LAMPS.
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodor Wiesendanger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1883.
THEODOR WIESENDANGER, of 31 Hornsey Park Road, Hornsey, Middlesex,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND REGULATION OF THE
ELECTRIC LIGHT, AND POWER; VIZ. DYNAMO-MACHINES AND REGULATOR ARC-
LAMPS.
This invention relates, firstly to Dynamo-machines or generators of electric
energy and electro-motors, and secondly to electric regulator Arc lamps.
The Dynamo-machine consists of a system of two or more field-magnets, an
armature, a commutator and the usual accessories.
The field-magnets are made of cores of cast or wrought iron or steel, or a com-
bination of these metals. They may bear coils of insulated copper. Either the
field-magnets are stationary and the armature is made to revolve, or the magnets
may be made to revolve and the armature is fixed stationary. The armature and
commutators are the principal parts of this invention.
In many of the existing machines it is necessary to divide the armature into a
great many sections and to make the commutator very complicated and costly.
According to my invention the armature can be made in fewer sections and the
commutator is less complicated and expensive.
The armature consists of a coil or a series of coils of insulated copper-conductor,
wire, rod, band or bar,-a core of cast or wrought iron, or other suitable material,
fixed on to a shaft or on supports, and a commutator or collector of currents.
The core may be made up of discs of cast or wrought iron, or both, or it may be
tubular, or in sections, or it may be made of wire or rod with the necessary
supports. The core may be stationary or altogether dispensed with, or it may
consist of a non-magnetic or a non metallic substance.
The core may have projections to divide the space round its circumference into
sections to receive the Sections of the armature.
There may be eight or any other number of sections.
The terminals of each section of the armature are connected to the conductors
forming the commutator or collector. These conductors, made of strips or pieces

page_text: of copper or brass are fixed either in the plane of the axis of the collecting brushes
or at right angles or any angle to that plane. These conductors are insulated from
cach other and from the spindle or supports upon which they are fixed. They
may be of a section of somewhat less than half a circle, so that there is a gap
between each pair. The current is taken from these conductors by means of 5
brushes" or metallic contact-pieces and these may be connected with each other,
and with the sections of the armature through the "brasses" of the commutator
or collector and with the field-magnets, so that the currents of either, any or all,
pass through "in series" or in multiple arc or in any combination of these, or on
the shunt system or combined.
"
The commutator or collector may be all on one side of the armature, or the parts
of it may be in different places separated from each other. The spindle carrying
the armature, or field-magnets, as the case may be, revolves in plummer-blocks or
metal bearings or standards, and all is fixed on a base of metal wood or other
Suitable material.
The same machine, when working as a continuous current machine can be used
as a motor-engine, so as to convert electrical energy into motive power; or it may
be used for clectro-chemical or other work.
The field-magucts may have coils on the ordinary straight through system of
winding, or connecting, or on a shunt system. The field-magnets may be excited
by the currents produced by the machine itself or by the currents obtained from
any other source of electricity suitable to the purpose. Each inagnet may consist
of a core of one piece, or several pieces, one or more bars, wound either collectively,
or cach separately with one or more coils.
Here follows a description of one type of machine of this invention:
There are two stationary field-magnets. The core of each is made up of several,
(4) wrought iron-bars, bent to a curve near the central portion, so as to form a
part of a circle or tube, inside of which the armature revolves. The magnets are
fixed to two cast-iron uprights and these and another pair of uprights, which
contain the bearings for the spindle, are fixed on to an iron frame.
The whole is fixed on to a wooden base board. There are four coils on the
field-magnets, two on each magnet; they are wound and connected so as to induce
North polarity in the curved part of the one, and South polarity in the curved
part of the other, when the machine is at work.
The core is
The armature consists of a coil of 4 sections wound over a core.
made up of disk-like castings, with square holes in the centre, whereby they are
threaded on a square spindle. The disks are thicker near the centre than near the
outside and pierced with holes for ventilation. The four sections of the armature-
coil fill up eight divisions, made by projections round the disks, on the castings.
The terminals of each sectional coil of the armature are fixed to a pair of copper-
or brass conductors fixed on a wooden roller on the spindle. The section of each
of these conductors is somewhat less than half a circle. A pair of brushes press
against each pair of "brasses" or conductors.
Where the coil of the armature is made of rods or bars, the end connecting pieces
may be made of disks or bars. The core may be made of wire. The brushes may
be fixed on a carrier for rotation. I use brush holders, each consisting of two
castings, the actual holder, a box and lever pivoted on a bolt, which holds the
latter on to the support, on to which are fixed set screw to regulate the position
and the pressure of the brush.
According to this invention the armature may be made of the shape of a cylinder,
tube, disk or ring; or of sections arranged otherwise.
The field-magnets may bear coils or consist Simply of iron or steel, magnetised.
They may be of various shapes, to suit the kind of armature employed.
The electric regulator arc lamp consists of a clockwork-movement or clutch-
arrangement with electro-magnets, armatures, solenoids, some or all to effect the
distancing of the carbons,-of carbon-holders, slides and supports, connections and
a frame-work. Either one carbon is fixed and the other is made movable or both

page_text: carbons are made movable. In that case one is made to move twice as fast as the
other by means of different sized cog-wheels. There is a deviation apparatus for
sending the current another way in case the light should go out.
There is an
apparatus to strike the arc, consisting of an electro-magnet and armature or
armatures and a counter action by weights or springs, and a grip-tool. The lamp
may be suspended or fixed by brackets or otherwise. The carbon-holders are fixed
to metal-sliders, and guides keep them in their direction. One form of lamp is as
follows: There is a frame-work of iron uprights and horizontal bars of iron and
wood combined; the upper and lower bars are insulated electrically from each
other. The clock work is fixed on the upper frame-bar. The racks of the carbon
holders are worked by two cog-wheels on the same spindle. The two carbons are
insulated from each other and from the frame by wood or ebonite or other suitable
material.
The lower carbon-holder works in a slide, it is pressed up by a spring and pulled
down to strike the arc by an armature and electro-magnet or core and solenoid;
worked by shunt or main-current. There is a globe holder and globe and a pan to
receive fallen pieces of carbon, or mechanisin or other substances. The clock-work
is moved by the weight of the carbon-holders, or by a spring, or by both.
The clock-work has a fly or wheel, which is stopped or released by an armature
or core of solenoid. A magnet or solenoid works the deviation of current by
establishing contact when the light fails. The apparatus to strike the arc may be
fixed to either carbon holder. The lamps, parts of lamps, machine and its parts
are connected electrically for main or shunt currents through any part, "in series
or parallel circuits or combined.
"