Improvements in Electric Arrangements and Apparatus for Locking Railway Signal and Point Levers, also applicable for other purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 21st Mar., 1892-Accepted, 21st May, 1392
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Arrangements and Apparatus for Locking
Railway Signal and Point Levers, also applicable for other
purposes.
We, JOHN AUDLEY FREDERICK ASPINALL, of Horwich, in the County of
Lancaster, Chief Mechanical Engineer, of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway,
and HENRY ALBERT HOY, of the same place, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is more especially the locking of railway signal and
point levers in the "danger" position, while an engine or train is within any
given section on a line of railway, that is to say, the signal or point lever is locked
or the locking apparatus is placed in the locking position, when the train enters
the section and is kept locked while the engine or train remains in the section,
but is unlocked when the engine or train leaves the section; but though our
invention is more particularly intended for this purpose it is applicable, and may
be applied for other and various purposes where a movement is to be produced by
an electric current which is to be cut out when the movement is effected.
In carrying out our present invention we employ and prefer to employ electrical
arrangements in combination with the apparatus to be hereinafter described, that
is to say, when the apparatus is to be actuated by a passing engine or train, we
prefer to employ an arrangement for making contact consisting of an insulated
electric contact piece carried by and secured to the lower flange of the. rail by
clamps which makes contact when a locomotive or train passes over the rail, with
another electro contact piece which is adjustable and is carried on the middle of
the lengthway of a bar say about seven feet in length, the ends of which bar are
clamped to and carried by the lower flange of the rail deflected by the passing
locomotive or train, such electric contact arrangement (hereinafter referred to as
"the rail deflecting electric contact") forming the subject of an application for
Letters Patent by ourselves numbered 8102 of 1891, and we also combine with our
present invention electrical arrangements forming an electric prolonged contact
relay which is the subject of an application for Letters Patent by ourselves
numbered 8225 of 1891, and which may be described as follows.
Supposing the first operating cause to be a momentary electric current from a
battery, which we will term the line battery, produced by the rail deflecting
electric contact by a passing locomotive or train, as above explained, then in such
arrangement the conducting wire from the copper end of the line battery passes to
the said rail deflecting electric contact above described and when contact is made,
the current passes by the earth, and a wire to the coil of an electro magnet which
we will term magnet A and from thence to the zinc end of the line battery.
There is an armature commutator at each end of the A magnet (hereinafter
termed the A and A² armatures) and when one armature A² is drawn to the
magnet A the circuit of a local battery is completed and its current operates to
ring a bell or do other mechanical acts, and stops such mechanical acts when the
current ceases.
There is a branch or local shunt wire from the copper end of the line battery
that short circuits the current through the instrument.
In this shunt or loop an electro magnet hereinafter termed the B magnet, the
armature of which is termed the B' armature is held from contact with its magnet
by a spring and piston fitting but working freely in a small cylinder having
glycerine or other suitable liquid in it, which allows the piston to move only at the
speed at which the liquid can pass through a small hole or passage regulated by a

page_text: screw plug or cock, by this means, the time during which the local battery shal
operate is controlled.
When the armature B' is drawn against its magnet B it at the same time (acting
as a commutator) makes contact and the current of the line battery is then short
circuited past the A. magnet-which then ceases to be excited sufficiently, and its
two armatures A' and A' are liberated and the circuits of both the "line"
local" batteries are then broken.
and
The relay arrangement last described which may be termed single acting, is or
may be made double acting for producing reciprocating movements (such as
working a sliding bolt) by a duplicate arrangement of the parts which will cause
the automatic "cut out to operate at both ends of the stroke of the piston or
its equivalent.
This latter arrangement (hereinafter termed "the double acting relay arrange-
ment") works by the reversal of currents and would necessitate two batteries on
the line, and one local battery same as for the first arrangement described:
Our present invention is more particularly combined with the last modification
termed the double acting relay arrangement which is operated by our present
invention by two line batteries, and one local battery, which act by the reversal
of the currents, the local and line batteries being both cut out the instant the
intended movement has been effected.
By these arrangements the batteries are only called upon for a moment when an
operation is to be effected, and thus there is no waste of battery power owing to
their remaining closed for long periods of time and therefore no liability of the
battery power being deficient when required.
The electric locking mechanism or apparatus to be more particularly described
consists of the combination and arrangement of two electro magnets to operate in
opposite directions in a compact form with a sliding bolt or other reciprocating
part for locking signal and point levers, which apparatus is applied to and combined
with the signal or point lever to be locked.
The ordinary signal or point lever has a block sliding up and down it which
block is connected to one end of a rod, the other end of which is jointed with the
trigger lever near the handle of the signal or point lever.
When the signal or point lever is at the danger position the block is down and
then catches upon a notch in the segment on the framing and thus holds the lever
in that position.
Our electric locking bolt is combined together in a cylindrical form and the
frame of the segment for the signal or point lever is made with or has applied to
it a socket into which the electric bolt apparatus can be inserted and readily
secured so that it is entirely enclosed and protected except as to the terminal
screws for the conducting wires, and the end of the locking bolt can pass through
a hole in the casting of the segment of the signal or point lever, and enter a hole
made for it in the said sliding block in which position of the electrically slided
bolt, the sliding block on the point or signal lever cannot be moved by the trigger
handle and consequently the signal or point lever thus locked remains held in the
danger position.
On the upper part of the socket in the segment for the signal or point lever, a
pin is arranged to slide, acted upon by a helical spring that constantly pushes one
of its ends outwards towards the sliding block on the signal or point lever, with
which the end of the sliding pin is always in contact when the signal or point lever
is in, or is brought into the danger position.
This sliding pin is within a metal tubular part between the exterior of which and
the socket for it, in the segment, there is insulating material, and this tubular part
is connected up by a binding screw with an electric conducting wire and forms
part of the cut out" circuit above described as the double acting relay arrange-
ment, but no current can pass until the point of the sliding pin is compressed by
the said sliding block on the point or signal lever, hence the
take place until the lever is placed in the danger or normal position.
2.
ני
cut out cannot

page_text: The electro magnets (actuated by connection with the local battery) act directly
upon the locking bolt which electro magnets are arranged between two circular
ring dises which are united together by stays. The poles of one electro magnet
are at one end and those of the other electro magnet at the other end, and a plane
passing through the axis of the core of one electro magnet is at a right angle to
that of the other electro magnet.
The armature for one electro magnet is at one end and that for the other at
the other end, and both armatures are connected and move with the locking bolt
or reciprocating part.
The stays between the disc rings are insulated, and are connected up with the
electric conducting wires, and each armature has two arms which come against the
ends of the conducting stay and thus the magnet which operates the relay
armatures is cut out causing them to fall away and rendering both batteries
inoperative after the bolt has been locked or unlocked.
There is or may be a permanent magnet at one end to keep the locking bolt in
its position when moved to lock, which permanent magnet has attraction sufficient
to keep the locking bolt from moving by accident or vibration when left unacted
upon by the electro magnets.
Dated this Twenty-third day of June 1891.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Arrangements and Apparatus for Locking
Railway Signal and Point Levers, also applicable for other
purposes.
We, JOHN AUDLEY FREDERICK ASPINALL, of Horwich, in the County of
Lancaster, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway,
and HENRY ALBERT HOY, of the same place, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of our invention is more especially the locking of railway signal and
point levers in the " danger" position, while an engine or train is within any given
section on a line of railway, that is to say, the signal or point lever is locked, or
the locking apparatus is placed in the locking position, when the train enters the
section, and is kept locked while the engine or train remains in the section, but is
unlocked when the engine or train leaves the section; but though our invention is
more particularly intended for this purpose it is applicable, and may be applied for
other and various purposes where a movement is to be produced by an electric
current which is to be cut out when the movement is effected.
In carrying out our present invention, we employ and prefer to employ electrical
arrangements in combination with the apparatus to be hereinafter described, that is
to say, when the apparatus is to be actuated by a passing engine or train, we prefer
to employ an arrangement for making contact similar to that described, in the
Complete Specification filed in an application for Letters Patent by ourselves
numbered 8102 of 1891, and we also combine with our present invention electrical
arrangements forming an electric prolonged contact relay which is fully described
in the Complete Specification filed by ourselves in application for Letters Patent
numbered 8225 of 1891.
Our present invention is more particularly combined with the double acting relay
arrangement described in our last named Complete Specification which is operated
by our present invention by two line batteries, and one local battery, which act by
2: the
the reversal of the currents, the local and line batteries being both "cut out
instant the intended movement has been effected..

page_text: By these arrangements the batteries are only called upon for a moment, when an
operation is to be effected, and thus there is no waste of battery power owing to
their remaining closed for long periods of time, and therefore less or no liability to
the battery power being deficient when required.
The electro locking mechanism or apparatus in which our present invention more
particularly consists will be more readily described and understood by reference
hereinafter made to the accompanying drawings.
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and Fig. 5 (in part) Sheet 1, are diagramatic views illustrating the
mode of connecting the electric conducting wires between the treadle or line contact
arrangements, the split battery, relay instrument, local battery and the mechanismi
for locking the point or signal levers.
Figs. 1 and 2 are plan views showing a part of the contact mechanism which is
fully described and shown in our said Complete Specification No. 8102 of 1891.
The engine or train is supposed to run in the direction pointed by the arrows on
Figs. 1.and 2.
Fig. 3 (Sheet 1) is a plan view of an instrument similar to that described; and
shown by Fig. 8, Sheet 2, of our aforesaid Complete Specification. No: 8225 of 1891.
A is the split line battery, and B the local battery.
Fig. 4 (Sheet 1) is a side elevation of, segment or "quadrant" frame for signal
and point levers, modified as we prefer to receive the electric locking bolt
mechanism."
, is a part of the signal or point lever with the sliding catch block b, upon it,
and part of the rod 62, which actuates the catch block which drops by gravity,
shown in full line in one position, where the signal lever is at
points are in their normal state closed against a branch line.
danger or the
These parts are also shown in dotted line at the other end of the segment when
the signal or point lever is in the position in which the danger signal is lowered or
the points are open to the branch line.
The front end of the segment is formed to receive in a cavity in it the electrical
locking bolt mechanism, the end view of which is partly shown in Fig. 5 (Sheet 1).
This electrical locking mechanism can be readily inserted in and removed from
the cavity or hole for it in the end of the segment or "quadrant" and can be
secured when in position by screws and is then protected against injury.
Fig. 6 (Sheet 2) is a full sized longitudinal section of the lever locking apparatus.
Fig. 7 is a similar view (full size) to Fig. 5 with some of the internal parts shown
in dotted lines.
Fig. 8 is a plan view of the outer end of the locking apparatus when removed
from its external case.
Fig. 9 is a view at that end nearest the signal or point lever and from which the
locking bolt
9, protrudes.
a, Fig. 6 (Sheet 2) is the outer case which encloses and protects the locking
apparatus..
, is the catch block, which slides vertically upon the signal or point lever as
before stated, and which moving over the surface of the quadrant drops by gravity
into the notches provided for it at each end in the ordinary manner.
c, Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, (Sheet 2) are the two poles of one electro magnet, yoked
together by an annular yoke e', Figs. 6 and 9, Sheet 2.
d, Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, are the poles of the other electro-magnet yoked together
by an annular yoke d', Figs. 6, 7 and S.
Through the annular space in these yokes, the locking bolt g, passes without
touching, but being supported and guided in the centre of the brass discs h. Upon
the locking bolt, the armatures e, and, are attached, and at such a distance from
the poles of the magnets c, and d, sufficient for the traverse necessary to perform the
locking movement.
At one end of the locking bolt g, there is a small projection forming a button;
which is protected by the brass cap nut j. The object of this is to enable the bolt
to be moved by hand when necessary.

page_text: Attached to the armature, at its upper end is a spring of brass k, (shewn
clearly in Fig. 7) which spring k, is electrically insulated from armature f
One end of the aforesaid spring k, bears upon the terminal 7, when the bolt is
performing the locking operation, and upon l', when it is performing the unlocking
operation.
These terminals and l', are electrically insulated from the apparatus.
At the other end of the armature, a brass spring m, similar to k, is attached
(which spring m, is also electrically insulated from armature, but electrically con-
nected to spring k, by an insulated wire) but projecting only one way, and bears
upon the ends of the terminal n, which is made forked in such a manner that the
brass spring m, makes electrical connection at the end of its movement both in
locking and unlocking; terminal à, being also electrically insulated from the
apparatus.
On the upper part of the outer case a, shewn in Fig. 6, is placed a pin or
plunger t, insulated at the end, and working in a socket u, which is entirely insulated
from the casing a.
The pin, slides through a hole in one end of the socket u, and is guided at its
front in a hole in a disc screwed into the open end of the tube or socket . On the
exterior of the sliding pin t, there is a collar against which one end of a helical
spring t, comes, the other end of which abuts against the inner end of the socket.
This spring, acts to force the sliding pin t, outwards.
The inner end of the pin t, is tubular and has a helical spring 2, in it that acts
to force from it a pin 13, but its movement outwards is prevented by a cross pin.
which passes through a hole in it and slots in the sides of the tubular part.
This allows electric contact to be made perfectly when in the position shown in
Fig. 6, with the contact screw e, which is connected with the screw w.
When the catch block b, is removed, the pin t, will be forced outwards by its
spring, leaving the screw e, and therefore breaking all metallic connections between
terminal w, and terminal .
Electrical connection is only established, between terminal, and terminal,
when pin t, is pushed back by catch block, being placed in its normal position, as,
shewn in the drawing.
y and y¹, Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are double elliptical springs with which the armatures
come in contact when attracted by their magnets. The object of the springs is to
cause the armatures to rébound slightly at the end of their movement and to break
the contact of the brass springs with the terminals 1, l, and n.
and ¹, Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are bridles which are adjustable upon the poles of
the magnets having tongues at one end bearing upon the central portions of the
elliptical springs y and y', the object of which is to limit their range.
When an engine or train passes over the locking treadle, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, the
circuit of the line will be closed.
The current will then flow from the copper end C of the line battery A. in the
direction of the arrows, through the points of contact in the treadie, Fig. 1, and
back through the common earth line D (which is attached to the permanent way
rail, at any point) to terminal N. It will then take a course round the cores of
the electro-magnet E Fig. 3, to the terminal P, thence back to the zinc end of
line battery. This circuit being temporarily closed, will excite electro-magnet. E,
causing armature needles F, and G to deflect upon the banking screws H and J
respectively.
Needle F being now in contact with H, the current instead of passing through
the line towards treadle, will make a short cut direct to terminal R thence to
banking screw H through needle F which is in contact with it to terminal N round
the cores of the electro-magnet E as before, to terminal P and thence to the zinc
end of line battery. Although the current flowed only for a moment through the
contact portion of treadle Fig. 1 Sheet 1, it was of sufficient duration to deflect the
needle against banking screw H with the result that the current from the line

page_text: battery A is permanently closed through the relay, Fig. 3 Sheet 1, and the
armature needles F and G will remain in contact with the banking screws H. and J.
Electro-magnet E being excited and armature needle G being in contact with
banking screw J causes the current to flow from the copper end C of the local
battery B to terminal M thence through needle G to banking screw J which is
connected to terminal L; L being connected with terminal S, Fig. 5 Sheet 1, and
Figs. 6 and 7 Sheet 2, and S forming one terminal of the cores of electro-magnet c
p, forming the other terminal, Fig. 5 Sheet 1 and Figs. 6 and 7 Sheet 2, the current
will flow from the terminal L on relay Fig. 3, round the cores of the locking
electro-magnet e, Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 Sheet 2, back to the zinc end Z of local
battery. The result will be that the current of the local battery, will be permanently
closed, so long as the electro-magnet E remains excited.
The electro-magnet e, being excited, will attract armature f, Figs. 6, 7 and 8
Sheet 2, causing the locking bolt g, to enter the catch block b. When this move-
ment has taken place an arm of the brass spring k, Figs. 6, 7 and 8 Sheet 2 will
come in contact with the terminal 1, Fig. 5 Sheet 1 and Figs. 6, 7 and 8 Sheet 2.
This will cause the current to pass from terminal R on relay Fig. 3 Sheet 1 in
the direction of least resistance which will be direct to terminal 1, Fig. 5 Sheet 1
and Figs: 6, 7 and 8 Sheet 2, through the armature f, with which it is in contact,
to terminal n. Terminal n, and terminal 1, being now metallically and therefore
electrically connected by reason of the brass springs and m, attached to the
armature bearing upon them. The current will then pass out at terminal n,
through, with which it is connected to w from w, to terminal P in relay,
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, and thence back to zinc end Z of line battery.
This circuit cuts out electro-magnet E on relay, with the result that the
armature needles F and G swing back to their central and normal position
breaking contact with banking screws H and J. Both the line and local currents
will now be cut out.
'The relay in Fig. 3 and the locking apparatus Figs. 4 and 5 Sheet 1, and Figs. 6
and 7 Sheet 2, will be at rest and in their normal state, the locking bolt 9, will
be inserted in catch block b, and the current of the line battery broken by reason
of the slight expansion of the double elliptical spring y, breaking contact of
the ends of the brass springs and m, with the terminals and n, respectively.
When an engine or train arrives at the unlocking treadle Fig. 2 Sheet I,
and the line circuit is completed, the current will flow from the copper end C³
of the line battery A. to terminal P of the relay, Fig. 3, thence round the
cores of the electro-magnet E to terminal N thence by the earth wire back to
the unlocking treadle Fig. 2, then by the line to the zinc end Z' of the line
battery, completing the circuit, and exciting the electro-magnet E. The result
of this will be to deflect armature needles F and G in a contrary direction on to
banking screws H' and J. The current of the line battery after arriving at
terminal N, will take a short route through needle F, banking screw H¹ to
terminal Q, thence back to the zinc end Z of line battery. The current will then
be locally closed in the instrument, electro-magnet E remaining excited, and
armature needles F and G in contact with banking screws H¹ and J.
The armature needle G being in contact with banking screw J' the current of
the local battery B will flow from the copper end C to the terminal M of relay,
thence through armature needle G banking screw J to terminal K and on to
terminal n', round the cores of electro-magnet d, Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 Sheet 2, to the
terminal P, and back to the zinc end Z of local battery.
The result of this will be for the electro magnet d, to attract the armature e,
which is attached to locking bolt g, withdrawing it from the aperture in catch
block b.
The effect of this is to bring the brass spring k, attached to the armature f, in
contact with the insulated terminal 1,
armature, in contact with the insulated
to cut out the electro-magnet E on relay.
and brass spring m, also attached to
terminal n.. The effect of this will be
The current on arriving at terminal P

page_text: from Cline battery, will take a short course in the direction of the double arrow,
to terminal to, Figs. 4 and 5 Sheet 1, and Figs. 6 and 7 Sheet 2, out at terminal,
to terminal 12, with which terininal, is connected, thence to terminal, and on to
terminal from which it passes direct to the zinc end of line battery. Electro-
magnet E being now cut out of the circuit, ceases to be excited, and the armature
needles F and G will return to their normal position, and out of contact with
banking screws H' and J, thus breaking the circuit from the local battery B. The
elliptical springs y', against which the armature e, has come in contact, will expand
again slightly when the local current ceases to flow, causing the brass spring k,
to break contact with terminal 1, and the brass spring m, to break contact with
terminal n.
Both batteries will now be permanently cut out, and the apparatus shown on
Sheet 2 will be at rest in its unlocked position.
The function of the apparatus which contains the small pin t, shewn in Fig. 6
Sheet 2, is to break connections between terminal w, and terminal z, when the
catch block b, is removed from the position shewn in the drawings; that is to
say, that metallic connection between terminal we, and terminal, Figs. 4 and 5
Sheet 1 and Figs. 6 and 7 Sheet 2, is only established when b, is in the position
shown, and if it be a signal lever, the signal would be at "danger "and if it be
a point lever, the points would be closed against a branch road.
The object of the apparatus is to prevent the permanent cutting out of the
currents of the line and local batteries, taking place until the lever had been put
back in its normal position. If the apparatus alluded to, were not placed in the
circuit the current having been cut out by reason of the engine or train passing out
of the section, the lever being put back, catch block b, would push locking bolt g,
back before it dropped into the catch provided for it, in its quadrant. It would then
be unlocked, but the apparatus being placed between terminal P Fig. 3 and
terminal n, Fig. 5 Sheet 1, when the bolt y, is shot by reason of an engine or train
passing over the treadle Fig. 1 Sheet 1, the signal having been lowered for the
engine or train by the removal of catch block b, with its lever from the position
shewn in the drawing Figs. 4 and 6, the electrical connections between terminal P
Fig. 3, and terminal, Fig. 5 Sheet 1, will be broken and although the bolt
be shot yet both the line and local currents will continue to flow.
g, may
The engine or train being in the section, or somewhere between the treadles,
Figs. and 2 Sheet 1, the signalman will put his lever back to the position
shown in the drawing. Catch block b, will push the locking bolt, back
in opposition to the power of electro-magnet c, at the same time it will push back
pin t, bringing it in metallic contact with the terminal w.
Terminals It', and it', will now be metallically and therefore electrically connected.
Catch block b, will drop into the notch provided for it in the quadrant, until the
aperture shewn for the reception of bolt g, comes sufficiently low for bolt 9 which
by reason of the attraction of the electro-magnet c, has been bearing upon the face
of catch block, to enter the aperture. The brass springs k, and 777, will then
perform their office, and cut out the current as previously described.
A Sheet 3 represents the "in" section treadle at one end of the section.
B represents the "out of" section treadle at the other end of the section:
The engine or train is supposed to pass in the direction of the arrows.
A Fig. 1, is a split line battery which actuates the relay.
B Fig. 1, is the local battery.
Fig. I Sheet 3, is a plan at base of platform shewing electro-magnets of relay
and connections of same.
Fig. 2 Sheet 3, is a plan above platform shewing electro-magnets for bells with
connections and relay "cut-outs."
Fig. 3 Sheet 3, is an elevation of relay and bells complete with semaphore
indicator, part of which is shewn in section.
Fig. 4 is a cross section of above.
a, Figs. 3 and 4, shews the outer wood case of instrument.

page_text: Figs: 1, 2, 3 and 4 shews the wood stand on which the instrument is mounted.
, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 is the middle platform on which electro-magnets for local
bells are mounted.
->
.
, Fig. 2 is
the electro-magnets of the "in" section bell s.
d, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 is the electro-magnets of the "out of" section bell r.
E Figs. 1, 3 and 4 is the electro-magnets of the relay.
F and G Figs. 1, 3 and 4 are the armature needles of relay.
Hand H, and J', Figs. 1, 3 and 4 are banking screws of relay.
L, M, N, Q, P and R, Fig. 1, are terminals for local and line batteries and
earth.
5.
S and S, Figs. 1 and 4 are terminal binding conductors from relay to top
platform.
T, 'T',' T’'and T3, Figs. 1, 3 and 4 are pillars supporting top platform b', and also
acting as conductors from relay to top platform.
U, Figs. 1, 3 and 4, is the ebonite base on which relay is mounted..
e', e and e³, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are binding screws on top of supporting pillars T,
T, T, and T3.
fand, Figs. 2, 3 and 4, are double terminal binding conductors from relay to
top platform.
9, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 is the ebonite base on which electro-magnets c and d, are
mounted.
hand ', Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are bell armatures.
j, and, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are supporting stands on which the armatures are
pivoted, and also carry regulating screws 1, p and 7, and banking screws m, and n.
1, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 is a screw which regulates the distance of armature h, from
the electro magnet d.
m, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 is a banking screw with which armature h, comes in contact.
when bell r, is rung, and it is also in contact with terminal Q through supporting
stand T2.
n, Fig. 2 is a banking screw with which armature ', comes in contact, when
bells, is rung, and it is also in contact with terminal P through terminal St.
p, Fig. 2 is a screw which regulates the distance of armature ', from the electro
magnets e.
Fig. 2 is a screw for regulating tension of spiral spring on hammer of
Bell s.
r, Figs. 3 and 4 is the "out of" section bell.
s, Fig. 3, is the "in" section bell.
t and ', Figs. 2, 3 and 4, are small arms fixed to armatures h, and h¹.
u, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 is a sliding brass rod for working lever e, which is actuated by
small arms t and t¹.
v, Figs. 2 and 4 is a lever which is actuated by brass rod, and works the
miniature signal w.
When an engine or train passes over the "in" section treadle A Fig. 1, Sheet 3,
the line circuit will be closed.
The current will then flow from the copper end C of line battery A', in the
direction of the arrows, through the points of contact in the treadle A Fig. I and
back through the common earth line D which is attached to the permanent way rail
at any point, to terminal N.
It will then take a course round the cores of the electro-magnets E Fig. 1 to
terminal P, thence back to the zine end % of line battery A¹. This circuit being
temporarily closed, will excite electro-magnets E causing armature needles F and G
to deflect upon the banking screws H and J respectively.
Needle F being now in contact with H the current instead of passing through
the line towards treadle, will make a short cut direct to terminal R, thence through
supporting pillar T to the banking screw H through needle F, which is in contact
with it, to terminal N round the cores of the electro magnet E as before, to
terminal P and thence to the zine end Z of line battery.

page_text: Although the current flowed only for a moment through the contact portion of
readle A Fig. 1 Sheet 3, it was of sufficient duration to deflect needle F against
banking screw H, with the result that the current from the line battery A', is
permanently closed through the relay Fig. 1 Sheet 3, and the armature needles F
and G will remain in contact with banking screws Hand J.
Electro magnet E being excited and the armature needles G being in contact
with banking serew J causes the current to flow from the copper end C of the local
battery B' to terminal M then through the needle G to banking screw J which is
in contact with the cores of the electro-maguet c, of the "in" section bell s, Fig. 2
Sheet 3, through supporting pillar T Fig. 1, Sheet 3, and binding screw e, Fig. 2
Sheet 3, and then back to the zinc end of local battery B1 through double termina!
binding conductor, and terminal binding conductor S Figs. 1 and 4 Sheet 3, and
terminal L.
The current will then flow from the copper end C of the local battery B' through
terminal M on relay Fig. 1, round the cores of the "in" section bell electro-
magnet c, and back to the zine end Z of the local battery B. The result will be
that the current of the local battery will be permanently closed so long as electro-
magnet E remains excited.
The electro-magnet c, being excited will attract armature Fig. 2 Sheet 3
causing the hammer to strike bells, and also the small arm ', (fixed to armature /')
to strike the brass rod u, which will work the lever v, and miniature signal arm we.
putting the latter to "danger."
When this movement takes place, and the hammer strikes the bells, it comes in
contact with the banking screw n, Fig. 2. This will cause the line current to pass
through the least resistance from terminal R, to banking screw n, through supporting
pillar T and binding screw e', to terminal P and thence back to zinc end Z of line
battery A, through supporting stand k, and double terminal ", and terminal
binding conductor S1, Figs. 1 and 2, which circuit cuts out electro-magnet E on
relay with the result that the armature needles F and G swing back to their
central and normal position, and breaking contact with banking screws H. and J.
Both the line and local currents will now be cut out, and, the bell hammer will
fall back to its normal position.
When an engine or train passes over the "out of" section treadle B Fig. 1
Sheet 3, the line circuit will be closed.
The current will flow from the copper end C₁ of the line battery A' to the
terminal of relay Fig. 1, thence round the cores of electro-magnet E to
terminal N and thence by the earth wire back to the "out of" section treadle B
Fig. 1 to the zinc end 2 of the line battery A' Fig. 1 completing the circuit and
exciting electro-magnet E. The result of this will be to deflect armature needles F
and G in a contrary direction on to banking screws H' and J'. The current of the
line battery, after arriving at terminal N will take a short course through armature
needle F and banking screw H' to terminal Q thence back to the zine end Z' of
line battery A¹
The current will then be locally closed in the instrument, electro-magnet E
remaining excited and armature needles F and G in contact with banking
screws Hand J¹.
The armature needle G being in contact with banking screw J' the current of
the local battery B' will flow from the copper end C to terminal M of relay, thence
through armature needle G to banking screw J' which is in contact with the
electro-magnet, Fig. 2, of the "out of" section bell, through supporting
pillars T Figs. 1, 3 and 4 Sheet 3, and binding screw e³, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 and
thence back to zinc end of the local battery B' through double terminal binding
conductor and terminal binding conductor S and terminal L Fig. 1 Sheet 3.
and 4
The electro-magnet d, being excited will attract armature h, Figs. 2,
Sheet 3 causing the hammer to strike bell r, and also the small arm t, fixed to the
armature, to strike the brass rod u, which will work the lever r, and miniature
B

page_text: signal arm w, causing the latter to shew line clear" signal as shown in Fig. 3
Sheet 3.
When this movement takes place and the hammer strikes the bell "", it
comes in contact with banking screw m, Figs. 2, 3 and 4. This will cause
the line current to pass through the least resistance from the copper end
of battery C through terminal P terminal binding conductor S¹ double terminal
binding conductor f', supporting stand j. and thence to banking screw My
binding terminal e², supporting pillar T² to terminal Q and thence to zine end Zi
of line battery A. which circuit cuts out electro-magnet E on relay, with the result
that the armature needles F and G swing back to their central and normal position
breaking contact with banking screws H and J.
Both the line and local currents will now be cut out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is.
1. The combination of electrical locking mechanism with the "quadrant" of
signal or point levers substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Sheets 1 and 2 of the drawings.
2. The combination of electrical locking mechanism with the " quadrant" of
signal or point levers in such manner as to be readily applied and removed substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 Sheets 1 and 2
of the drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of two electro-magnets for moving a
bolt to lock and unlock signal or point levers substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figs. 4 to 9 inclusive of Sheets 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
4. The combination and arrangement of electrical locking mechanism, the
pin t, and connected parts operating substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described, and illustrated by Figs. 4 to 9 inclusive of Sheets 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
"3
5. The combination of the electrical locking mechanism, illustrated by Figs. 4
to 9 Sheets 1 and 2 of the drawings with contact or treadle mechanism on the line
of railway (Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 1) or equivalent mechanism, a "split line and a
"local" battery and a prolonged relay instrument (Fig. 3 Sheet 1) connected, com-
bined and operated substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the figures on Sheets 1 and 2 of the drawings.
6. The combination of bell and semaphore signal mechanism substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4 on Sheet 3 of the
drawings.
7. The combination of treadle or contact arrangements on the line of railway,
similar to Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet or their equivalents, with a "split line" and a
"local" battery and relay mechanism, Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 3, and with bell and
semaphore mechanism, Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 3, substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described and illustrated by reference to the figures on Sheet 3 of the
drawings.
Dated this Nineteenth day of March 1892.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.