IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Kershaw, of Allerton, near Bradford, in the.
County of York, Overlooker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 31st May 1859, and dated the 2nd March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Kershaw at the
Office of the .Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1859.
I, JOSEPH KERSHAW, of Allerton, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to means for regulating the delivery of the
warp as drawn from the warp beam or roller. An eccentric upon the crank
or other suitable shaft rotates in the open end of a lever arm to give vibratory.
motion thereto. This lever arm carries a driver or clawker, which acts upon
to give motion to a ratchet wheel, in connection with a pinion and other inter-
mediate wheels; for giving rotary motion to one of three rollers or beams,
partly around and between which the warp is caused to pass to be drawn from
the warp roller or beam. These three rollers or beams may be covered with
cloth or other elastic or holding material to facilitate the holding and con-
sequent draft of the yarn, and they. are pressed together so as to effect a

page_text: nipping of their surfaces by spring pressure applied to the axes of the two
There is also a vibratory rod carried by arms, and operated upon
by spring pressure to act upon and give elastic tension to the yarn after it has
left these feed rollers or beams, and thereby compensate for variations in
length of yarn at the opening and closing of the shed.
The improvements also relate to means for effecting a uniform winding on
of the work on to the work roller or beam. The clawkers or drivers which act
upon the ratchet wheel for giving motion to the work roller or beam are
carried by arms from bosses formed. to receive sliding arms whose outer ends
are by connecting rods operated from cranks or eccentrics. These sliding arms
are formed to receive a stud or studs carried by a rod resting on the cloth
upon the work beam, by which, as the diameter of the work beam increases
with the increase of cloth thereon, the sliding arms will be moved outwards,
increasing their leverage, and consequently lessening the amount of motion
given to the work beam: The cranks or eccentrics have motion given to
them from the cam or tappet, or other suitable shaft, by preference by change
wheels, so as to give facility for varying speed and timing with the delivery
motion. The ratchet wheel giving motion to the work beam is capable of
sliding on its axis, and it is connected to the toothed wheels, operating the
work beam by studs or other suitable clutch connection. The sliding of the
ratchet wheel on its axis is effected by levers and connecting rods in con-
nection with the weft fork or feeler, so that the ratchet wheel may cease to.
give motion to the work. beam when weft fails. I also form the click or
catch to the ratchet wheel in parts with spring connection and screw adjust-
ment adapted to the recoil required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Kershaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH'
KERSHAW, of Allerton, near Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker, 3
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most 'Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, béaring date the "Second day of March, in the year' of 'our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, 'for Herself; Her heirs 'and successors; give and grant' unto me, 8
the said Joseph' Kershaw, Her special licence that I; the-said Joseph Kershaw,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Kershaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully, might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Kershaw, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Kershaw, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate, first, to means for regulating the delivery of the
warp as drawn from the warp beam or roller. An eccentric upon the crank
or other suitable shaft rotates in the open end of a lever arm to give vibratory
motion thereto. This lever arm carries a driver or clawker, which acts upon
to give motion to a ratchet wheel in connection with a pinion and other
intermediate, wheels for giving rotary motion to one of three rollers or beams,
partly around and between which the warp is caused to pass to be drawn from
the warp. roller or beam. These three rollers or beams may be. covered with
cloth or other elastic or holding material to facilitate the holding and con
sequent draft of the yarn, and they are pressed together so as to effect a
nipping of their surfaces by spring pressure applied to the axes of the outer
ones. There is also a vibratory rod carried by arms, and operated upon by
spring pressure to act upon and give elastic tension to the yarn after it has
left these feed rollers or beams, and thereby compensate for variations in
length of yarn at the opening and closing of the shed.
The improvements also relate to means for effecting a uniform winding on.
of the work on to the work roller or beam. The clawkers or drivers which
act. upon the ratchet wheel for giving, motion to the work roller or beam are
carried by arms from bosses formed to receive sliding arms whose outer ends.
are by connecting rods, operated from cranks. or eccentrics. These sliding
arms are formed to receive a stud or studs carried by a rod resting on-the cloth
upon the work beam, by, which, as the diameter of the work beam increases

page_text: with the increase of cloth thereon, the sliding arms will be moved outwards,
increasing their leverage, and consequently lessening the amount of motion
given to the work beam. The cranks or eccentrics have motion given to
them from the cam or tappet or other suitable shaft by preference by change
wheels, so as to give facility for varying speed and timing with the delivery
motion.
In order that the work beam may at once cease to wind on work when
weft fails, the ratchet wheel giving motion to the work beam is capable of
sliding with its axis, and it is connected to the toothed wheels operating the
work beam by studs or other suitable clutch connection. The sliding of the
ratchet wheel on its axis is effected by levers and connecting rods in connection
with the weft fork or feeler, by which the ratchet wheel will cease to give
motion to the work beam when weft fails. I also form the click or catch to
the ratchet wheel in parts with spring connection and screw adjustment
adapted to the recoil required.
But that the nature of my improvements, and the means which I have found
to answer well in carrying the same into effect, may be more fully understood,
I will proceed to describe the Drawing annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows an end view, and Figures 2 aud 8 front and back views of
part of a loom framing and some of the working parts of a loom with apparatus
applied thereto according to my Invention. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and
11, show some of the parts which I employ separately. In each of the views
the same letters are used to indicate like parts wherever they occur.
the main framing; b, the crank axis; and c, the tappet or cam shaft. And I
would here state, that the motions to them being well understood by persons
acquainted with this class of machinery, I have.not thought it necessary to
represent the same here, or to enter into a description of them.
a, a, is
Upon the crank axis 6 is affixed the eccentric d, which works within the
open end of the, lever arm e to give vibratory motion thereto. This lever arm e
is capable of turning on the stud or pin e', carried by the main framing a,
and by means of the pin e' it carries the driver or clawker, the outer end
of which acts upon the teeth of the ratchet wheelf to give step by step
motion thereto. This ratchet wheel f turns upon the fixed stud f', and has
affixed to it the pinion f, so that whatever motion is given to the ratchet
wheel will also be given to the pinion f³, the teeth of which take into the
teeth of the intermediate change wheel g, upon which is also affixed or formed
the pinion g', the teeth of which take into the, teeth of the wheel,h¹,

page_text: affixed upon the axis of one of the rollers or beams h, i, j, partly around and
between which the warp is caused to pass to be drawn from the warp roller
or beam l, as indicated by the colored line. These rollers or beams, h, i, j, or
any of them, may be covered with cloth or other elastic or holding material,
or may be otherwise formed, as is well understood, to aid in effecting holding
to the material passing between and partly around them, and they are pressed
together so as to effect a nipping of their surfaces by means of the springs k
acting between the parts ¹, 4, and these springs are capable of being adjusted
to the pressure required by means of the nuts k² on the screw stems k³, around
which the springs k act.
According to the arrangement shown, one of each of the parts k¹ acts on
the surface of the warp roller or beam 7 (which I prefer to be formed of iron),
whilst the other of each of them presses on the surface of the roller or beamj,
but this may be varied. The rollers or beams h, i, j, have each pinions h³, ³,³,
on their axes, by which they are geared together, and the warp yarn after it
has passed. these rollers h, i, j, and in its passage to the roller or beam m, is
acted upon by the vibrating rod n, carried by arms n', acted upon by springs n²,
by which elastic tension is obtained to the yarn to compensate for variations in
length of yarn occasioned by the opening and closing of the shed; o is the
work or piece roller or beam, upon the axis of which is affixed the toothed
wheel o¹, which is taken into to give motion thereto by the teeth of the
wheel o, which is affixed as-shown by Figure 11, upon the hollow boss o³,
through which passes the shaft of, upon which is affixed the ratchet wheel o*,
and the boss 03 of the wheel o is formed to take into teeth or clutch con-
nections on the boss of the wheel o* when pressed thereto by the spring oⓇ acting
between the boss o³ and the collar o7 on the axis o*; 08 is a stop to the boss o³
the teeth of the wheel o' are acted upon in the working of the loom by the
clawkers or drivers p, p', which are arranged in pairs, supported from bosses p³,
there being one driver or clawker p to an arm på³ from each of such bosses, and'a
driver or clawker p¹ to an arm p', on the opposite side of. each of such
bosses p, and these bosses turn on a stud or pin po, through which, as well as
through each boss p³, passes the end g¹ of an arm or lever 9, with capability of
its sliding therein, whilst the other end of each arm or lever q is by a link q* con-
nected to an eccentric q³, by which motion is imparted to the lever q and
arms p, p, and consequently to the clawkers or drivers p, p, to impart motion
to the ratchet wheel o, and thence to the work roller or beam o, to wind on
the cloth. In these sliding arms or levers 2 are formed slots q', to receive a
stud r carried by a projection from the rod 12, which rests upon the cloth
upon the work beam or roller o, and is held thereto by lying between the work
;

page_text: being wound on and that on such roller or beam as indicated by the colored
line.
By these means it will be seen that as the diameter of the roller or beam o
increases by the winding of work thereon, the stud r will be forced in a direction
from the axis of the roller or beam o, and by acting in the slots of the
levers 9 it will cause them to slide out from the bosses p³, so as to increase the
:length of leverage exerted by those levers on the bosses q, and thereby diminish
the extent of, motion effected on the drivers or clawkers p, p, by the
eccentrics 9³.
.
The eccentrics q³, as shewn, have motion given to them from the cam or
tappet shaft c by means of the change wheels s, s¹, but this may be varied,
and it will readily be understood that the means shewn and described for giving
motion to the work or piece roller or beam may be employed to effect the
unwinding of yarn from warp rollers or beams. In order to stop the motion
of the work beam by the action of the weft stopping motion, as already
stated when weft fails, as also to prevent derangement of the parts arising
from accidental circumstances, the ratchet wheel giving motion to the work
beam is capable of sliding on its axis, and is connected to the pinion o² by
clutch or such like means as explained, and this sliding of the ratchet wheel
with its axis is effected by the lever t, acted upon by the weft stopping appa-
ratus, so as to stop the motion of those parts when weft fails. Or a like effect
will be produced by simply raising the clicks or drivers p, p¹, by means of
studs or projections 2, z, from the rod 2, suspended by the arm & from the
axis, upon which is also affixed the arm, in position to be acted upon by
the stop rod motion.
There is also affixed upon the axis an arm, with a stud 2 projecting
. into the slotted end of the lever 27, which turns upon an axis of motion
and at its other end acts upon one end of the lever y, turning upon the axis y,
and by its slot embracing the stud in the driver e³ to cause the lever y
, simultaneously to lift the driver e³, so as to prevent its acting on the teeth of
the wheel f. In this case the wheels o" and o² are affixed together and move
simultaneously on the same stud. The teeth of the ratchet wheel o' are taken
_ into by the click or catch w to regulate the recoil of the work beam when the
movements to the work beam are thrown out of gear as explained. This click
or catch is formed in two parts, with a screw i¹ to adjust the length of the
click or catch."
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as these may be

page_text: varied without departing from the peculiar character of the improvements';
but what I do claim is, the adaptation and combination of means for regulating
the delivery of the warp yarn, and the taking up of the woven fabric in
manner substantially as explained.
Also, I claim the application of springs for giving pressure to the warp beams
or rollers, in manner substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Kershaw, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM BROOKES,
78, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agent.
JOSEPH KERSHAW. (L.S.)