IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark of the firm of A M and W. Clark of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents for an Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS Communicated to him from abroad
by Michel Hervier, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1882.
"
WILLIAM CLARK of the firm of A. M. and W. Clark of 53 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agents, IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
[Communicated to him from abroad by Michel Hervier, of Paris, France]
The improved steam generator of this Invention is chiefly distinguished by its
simplicity of construction, freedom of expansion of the parts, large heating surface
in a comparatively small space, perfect utilisation of the gases of combustion owing
to the peculiar arrangement of the tubes, whereby also the formation of incrustation
is reduced to a minimum if not entirely prevented as the greater part of the
matters are carried into the body of the boiler, and the facility afforded for cleaning
or effecting repairs.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I have represented
several arrangements of the improved steam generator in the accompanying drawings
by way of example.
Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the apparatus, and Figure 2 a horizontal
section of the same on line 1-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical section of a
small boiler on this system; Figure 4 a vertical section at right angles to Figure 3,
and Figure 5 a horizontal section taken through the combustion chamber. Figure 6.
shows a vertical section of a modified form for boilers of large size, and Figure 7 a
horizontal section of same.
The boiler shell A which is generally disposed vertically, is of cylindrical or other
Yorm and is sufficiently large to enable a person to pass into it, and of a height to
contain the necessary amount of water, as well as a steam space sufficient for all
requirements. The thickness of the plate of which the upper part is made, may
less than that of the other portions. The shell is made of boiler plate of sufficient
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page_text: .
thickness disposed to receive the series of tubes B which are set in holes in the shell
and radiate therefrom, and are placed either horizontally or at a slight inclination
as shown. In Figure 2 a few only of these tubes B are shown, the remainder being
indicated by the axes B¹. The tubes in one row are arranged opposite the spaces
between the tubes of the adjacent rows in order to intercept the flame and so utilise
as much of the heat of the furnace as possible. The tubes which may be made of
iron, copper, or brass, are fixed in the shell A in any suitable manner, and to this
end the end of the tube may be of cylindrical or of a truncated conical form screw-
threaded or not, the hole in the boiler shell for its reception being of corresponding
form, or the tubes may be secured by means of thimbles like ordinary boiler tubes,
or simply flared at the ends, or they may be fixed by any kind of joint, and either
project slightly within the boiler or be flush with the sides thereof.
In Figures 1 and 2, C is the man hole for giving access to the boiler. D is an
adjutage for a float valve, steam take, &c; E blow off and feed pipe. The generator
is surrounded by a metal casing or brickwork so as to completely enclose the tubes B.
The generator Figures 1 and 2, is shown as set on a brick foundation and enclosed
in brickwork K, the top being closed by a cover L of bricks supported upon tie
rods M by which all the parts are firmly held together. The furnace F is in two
parts, the one extending beyond the boiler and surmounted by arch N while the
other part is beneath the tubes B. This arrangement is designed to ensure more
perfect combustion and utilise as much of the heat as possible. During the working
of the furnace the crown N becomes heated and when fresh fuel is fed to the grate
and a portion in ignition pushed forward, the gases in contact with the already
heated arch N are. more quickly transformed into carbonic acid. The fuel in ignition
in the interior part of the furnace will, in addition to the heat afforded by the gases,
also radiate a very considerable amount of heat. The gases escape by the flue O to
the chimney and an exhaust may be employed to create a draft. P is a central
brickwork partition which divides the heating chamber into two parts, and a space
being left at top, the gases pass up on the one side of the partition heating one half
of the tubes, and then descend on the other side and heat the other half. It is
evident that this arrangement may be varied according to circumstances. Thus in
the case of generators used in connection with metallurgical furnaces, it would be
preferable to dispense with the partition P and to introduce the gases direct through
one or more pipes in the upper part L. In this case also as in other instances, the
whole or a portion of the tubes on one side of the boiler might be dispensed with.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 3. 4 and 5, a is a diaphragm of cylindrical
or other form at the lower part of the water space 6 from which radiate a series of
tubes & open at both ends and projecting slightly into the interior of a, said tubes
being introduced within the tubes c before described. This arrangement will serve
to increase the circulation of the water. Or the tubes may be double and of U form
or divided by a transverse partition. The water contained in the tubes c on being
heated, passes out between the diaphragm and the shell of the boiler, and thus
causes the cooler water to pass in at the lower part, entering the tubes c through
the tubes d. In this manner a continuous circulation of water from the boiler to
the tubes is maintained owing to the upward movement of the heated water in
said tubes... The heated gases from furnace e circulate around the whole of the
tubes c, and thence pass away to the chimney f. g is a safety valve, h manhole,
and i tubulure for blow off.
The arrangement shown in Figures 6 and 7 is similar, but in this case two furnaces
e and e' are employed. The diaphragm a, water tubes c, and circulation pipes d'are
the same as in the arrangement last described. The two furnaces are disposed so
that one may be used alone in certain cases and at certain times. There is a smoke
box at the upper part of the tubes whose bottom plate is perforated in such.
manner as to create a draught for the gases and ensure the uniform heating of
the boiler tubes.
'

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
March 1883.
WILLIAM CLARK of the firm of A. M. and W. Clark of 53 Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents, "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
A communication to me from abroad by Michel Hervier of Paris, France.
The improved steam generator of this Invention is chiefly distinguished by its
simplicity of construction, the freedom for expansion of the parts, its large heating
surface in a comparatively small space, the perfect utilisation of the gases of
combustion, its comparative freedom from incrustation, and the facility afforded for
cleaning or effecting repairs.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I have represented
several examples of the improved steam generator in the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the generator, and Figure 2 a horizontal
section on line 1-2 of Figure 1. Figures 3 and 4 are vertical sections (at right angles
to one another) of a smaller boiler, and Figure 5 is a horizontal section taken
through the combustion chamber. Figure 6 is a vertical section of a modified form
for boilers of larger size, and Figure 7 is a horizontal section of same.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the boiler shell A which is generally vertical, is of
cylindrical or other form and is of sufficient diameter to admit a man, and of a
height to afford the necessary water and steam spaces. Superposed rows of water
tubes B radiate from the shell A in which they are set in holes made in the shell,
these tubes being placed either horizontally or at a slight inclination as shown.
These tubes B are closed at their outer ends, and in Figure 2 a few only of them
are shown, the remainder being indicated by the centre lines B¹.. The tubes in
one row are opposite the spaces between the tubes of the adjacent rows in order to
intercept the flame and utilise as much of the heat of the furnace as possible... The
tubes which may be made of iron, copper, or brass, are fixed in the shell A in any
suitable manner, and to this end the open inner ends of the tubes may be of
cylindrical or of a truncated conical form screwthreaded or not, the holes in the
boiler shell being of corresponding form, or the tubes may be secured by means of:
ferrules or by being expanded into their holes like ordinary boiler tubes,. or. they.
may be fixed by any kind of joint and may either project slightly within the boiler,
or be flush with its inner surface.. C is the manhole. D is the connection for the
steam pipe or to receive a float, safety valves, &c. E blow off and feed pipe. The.
generator is surrounded by a metal casing or by brickwork forming a heating
chamber in which the tubes B are completely enveloped as shown. It is here shown:
as set in a brick-foundation and enclosed by brick work K closed in at top by brick-.
work L supported upon radial tie rods M. The furnace F partly extends beyond
the brick work K beneath an arch N and is partially beneath the tubes B, the object
being to ensure more perfect combustion and utilise as much of the heat as possible
by availing of the heat stored in the arch N to quickly transform the gases evolved
from the fresh fuel into carbonic acid. To this end, when fresh fuel is added the
live fuel is raked back and the fresh fuel placed at the front of the furnace. The
live fuel at the rear will, in addition to the heat afforded by the gases, also radiate
a very considerable amount of heat. The gases on their way to the flue O leading
to the chimney are made to pass over a central vertical brickwork partition P
which divides the heating chamber except at top, whereby the gases in ascending
are made to envelop and heat the tubes at one side of the partition, and in
descending to heat those at the other side. This arrangement may be varied

page_text: according to circumstances and in the case of generators used in connection with
metallurgical furnaces it might be preferable to dispense with the partition P and
to carry off the gases by one or more chimneys placed directly over the top L, in
which case some or all of the tubes at one side of the boiler might be dispensed
with.
In the generator shown in Figures 3. 4 and 5, a is a diaphragm of cylindrical or
other form within the lower part of the shell b, from which radiate tubes & open at
both ends and projecting slightly within the interior of a, said tubes being
introduced within the tubes c (which are like those B shown in Figure 1) for the
purpose of promoting the circulation of the water. Or the tubes c may be doubled
of Û form or divided diametrically by a longitudinal partition. The heated water
contained in the tubes c passes out between the diaphragm and the boiler shell, whilst
the cooler water within the diaphragm enters the tubes d, a continuous circulation
of water being thus maintained. In this case there is no partition in the heating
chamber, the gases from furnace e circulating around the tubes c at the two
opposite sides of the boiler and passing away direct to the chimney f. g is a safety
valve, h manhole, and i blow off connection..
The generator shown in Figures 6 and 7 is similar, but in this case two furnaces e
and e¹ are employed. The diaphragm a, water tubes c, and circulation tubes d are
the same as in the arrangement last described. The two furnaces e e¹ are disposed
so that one may be used alone in certain cases and at certain times. k is a smoke
chamber above the chamber enclosing the tubes c, the plate separating the two
chambers being perforated in such manner as to create a draught for the gases and
ensure the uniform heating of the boiler tubes.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is.
1st. A steam generator constructed of a shell A with radiating water tubes B
substantially as described and shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
2nd. The combination of the boiler shell A, the radial water tubes B, the
enveloping casing K, the cover L and furnace F, arranged as described and shown
in Figures 1 and 2.
3rd. The application in a steam generator having radial water tubes, of a
cylindrical diaphragm a within the boiler, as described and shown in Figures 3
to 7 of the drawings.
c
4th. The combination with a boiler shell having water tubes c radiating therefrom
of circulation pipes d open at both ends placed within the water tubes and protruding
slightly within the diaphragm a, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
5th. In a steam generator baving radiating water tubes, the combination of the
water tubes c, pipes d, and cylindrical diaphragm a as described with reference to
Figures 3 to 7 of the drawings.
6th. The construction of a radiating water tube boiler with two furnaces e e¹,
and a smoke box with perforated bottom, as described and shown for the purpose
specified.
In Witness whereof I the said William Clark have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty ninth day of March, A.D. 1883.