AN APPARATUS OF MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF SLITTING, FASHIONING, POINTING, SINKING DOWN, BOTTOMING, AND FOUNDING OF IVORY, BONE, HORN, TORTOISHELL AND Box COMBS, AND FOR CUTTING ALL KINDS OF FUSTIANS
Year: 1799

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WOODS, of Parr, near Saint Helen's, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS "His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did,
by His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of August, in the thirty-ninth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Woods, His especial
licence that I, the said Edward Woods, during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "AN APPARATUS OF MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF SLITTING, FASHIONING,
POINTING, SINKING DOWN, BOTTOMING, AND FOUNDING OF IVORY, BONE, HORN,
TORTOISHELL AND Box COMBS, AND FOR CUTTING ALL KINDS OF FUSTIANS;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the
said Edward Woods, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Woods, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in the
annexed Drawings and the following description thereof:-
An Apparatus for Slitting Ivory, &c., &c., for Making various Kinds of
Combs. Figure I. A, the wood frame that supports the machine; B, four

page_text: iron plates fixed on the frame A, with bolst and nuts, two of the plates on
the side where the letter A stands groved, for the iron carriage rollers M to
move in; C, four iron stands, fixed with bolts and nuts on the frame A,
through each a steel center screw to support the two arbors D; at the end of
each is cast a crank; through each crank is a steel center screw, on which
acts the two bearers E, with crank'd ends; through each one steel center
screw, on which acts the frame F, in which is cast four cross barrs, and on
each barr eight stops, and on each end of the frame are cast four stands,
through each one steel center screw, on which the four barrs G act, for the
purpose of holding the ivory fast on the cross barrs by the stops on the
frame F, with weights. H, sixteen iron side plates, four on each of the cross
barrs in the frame F, fixed by two screws each; I, two iron rack wheels, one
on each the arbors D; K, two iron catches, fixed on the frame A, to act on
the two wheels I; L, one iron carriage frame, through each end one steel
center screw into the ends of the rollers. M; N, sixteen steel saws, stretched
in the sixteen steel frames O, fixed by screws in the frame L. Saws and
frames similar to these are used in the comb business for this purpose; no
pretentions to their invention is here made, but only borrow the use of them.
P, two iron catches, one fixed on each end of the frame L, with screws to
actuate the rack wheels I, for the purpose of raising and falling the frame F.
This machine may be worked either by hand or a crank motion.
An Apparatus for Fashioning various Kinds of Combs.-Figure II. A,
the wood frame that supports the machine; B, two iron stands, fastened by
bolts and nuts on the frame A; C, iron arbor, turns on two steel center screws
through the stands B; D, eight iron plates, cast on the arbor C; E, four iron
slide plates, fastened on four plates D by one screw each, the other four plates
on arbor C only for ballance weights at the bottom of the four slides E, each
one regulating screw to raise the slides from the arbor C; F, four steel cutters
or fashioners, fixed by two screws each on the slides E; G two iron circles,
fastened on the frame A, with two bolts and nuts each side; H, twelve iron
barrs, acting on two steel center screws, one at each end of each barr, through
the two iron circles G, with a regulating screw in one end of each barr; 'I,
forty-eight iron levers, fastened on the barrs H by one screw each, with a
wedge to each at the small ends to fasten the combs; K, iron gage, with a pin
at each end to go through the barrs H to fix the combs by; L, two iron
pinnions, one on the arbor C, and the other and handle on a short shaft
supported-by a stand-fastened -on-the frame.A._
An Apparatus for Pointing, Sinking, Founding, and Bottoming various
Kinds of Combs. Figure III. A, the wood frame supporting the machine;

page_text: B, four iron plates on the frame A, two of which, on the side where the letter A
stands, groved for the two iron rollers A, C, to move in, and fastened on with
bolts and nuts. C, two iron stands on the frame A, fastened with bolts and
nuts, through which two steel center screws on which the arbor D turns, on
which four plates are cast marked F, on which are fixed four iron slide
plates G by one screw each, with an adjusting screw to raise the slides from
the arbor D; H, four iron slide caps, fixed by two screws each on the slide.
plates G; I, four steel sinking cutters fixed upon the plates F, projecting at
the keel according to the depth the comb wanted; K, four iron pointer plates,
acting on eight steel center screws fixed on the arbor D, opposite to the four
plates F; L, four iron slide plates, fixed by one screw each to the plates K;
at the bottom of each are an adjusting screw to raise the slides L. M, four
iron slide caps, fixed by two screws each on the plates L; N, four steel pointing,
cutters fixed on the four plates K, beviled and toothed to suit the point of
the comb wanted; O, iron frame, fixed on the four plates K by eight stcel
center screws through the frame each side into the four plates K in a cross-
wise posission to adjust the pointers N; P, two stands cast on the arbor D;
Q, steel screw acting upon two center screws through the stands P; R, nut
upon the screw Q to connect the frame O and nut R together; S, lever on one
end of the screw Q, crank'd over one of the stands upon the arbor D; T, iron
catch, fixed upon the frame A, in which is a screw that the lever S is moved.
by, to prepare the pointers for the next point in the comb; U is another catch,
the same as T, fixed on the opposite side of the frame A, to throw the pointers
back again; V, iron bearer, fixed by bolts and nuts to the frame A, to support
the cast-iron regulating screw W, acting upon two steel center screws through
the bearers V; X, piñnion wheel fastened upon the screw W; both the screw.
and pinnion may be calculated according as may be wanted for the fineness of.
the comb; Y, iron half circle, fixed by screws upon the arbor D; Z, two iron
pinnions, one on the arbor D, and the other and handle on a short shaft fixed
on the frame A; A, B, iron carriage frame, supported by four steel center
screws into the ends of the two rollers A, C; A, D, two iron circles, fixed
upon the frame A, B, by two screws at each side; A, E, twelve iron baris, in
which are fixed the combs acting upon two steel center screws, one at each
end of each barr, through the circles A, D, with two regulating screws in
each barr; A, F, forty-eight iron levers, through each a screw, to fix the
combs by a wedge at the end of each lever; A, G, iron gage, a pin at each
end to go through the barrs A, E, to fix the combs by; A, H, iron axel, acting.
on two steel center screws through the circles A, D; A, I, half an iron nut

page_text: fixed by two bolts and nuts on the projecting part, the middle of the axel A, H,
acting upon screw W in one of the plates; F, a pin with a screw in it for
catching the pinnion X to move the carriage A, B. The before-described
apparatus will at once point and sink down the combs, then turn the combs
the other side up, and take out the pointers N, and put in another cutter of
the same length as N and description of I, and then the machine will found
and bottom the combs.
An Apparatus for Pointing and Sinking various Kinds of Combs.-Figure IV.
A, the wood frame that supports the machine; B, eight iron plates fixed with
bolts and nuts on the frame A, four of each on the side where letter A stands,
groved for the carriage roller to move in; C, iron carriage frame, through
which four steel center screws into each end of the two iron rollers I, and four
other steel center screws through the sides of the frame for the two barrs D
to act in. E, four iron levers fixed by one screw each on the two barrs D to
fasten the combs by a wedge at the small ends of the levers. F, iron stand,
fastened by one bolt and nut at each end of the frame A, through which the
iron center screw G, to stop the frame C. K, iron carriage frame through
each end, one steel center screw into each four ends of the two iron rollers L.
M, iron stand fixed in the frame A by a bolt and nut each end, through which
the iron center screw N to stop the frame K. O, iron connecting plate fixed
on the frame C by two screws; at the smaller end of the plate O square hole
goes on the fast square pin on the frame K; the out end of the hole P steel
center screw to regulate the size of the tooth in the comb wanted. O, four
iron plates fixed by bolts and nuts on the frame A, two of the plates groved
for the two iron rollers R to move in. S, iron carriage frame, through the
ends, four steel center screws into the ends of the rollers R. T, two iron
plates fastened in the frame S with two screws each, against which fix two
steel pointing saws W, which must be bevil'd and toothed, as may be wanted for
the combs. U, two iron slide plates fixed on the plates T with one screw each,
and on each plate U a regulating screw. V, two iron slide caps fixed on
the plates U by two screws each. ✗, two steel saws to sink down the
tooth of the comb, and fix'd after the sanie manner as the pointing saws W.
Y, two iron cranked catches fixed on the frame C, acted by one iron catch fixed
on the frame S, to raise the combs perpendicular for pointing. Z, two iron
acting levers fixed on the frame, A, acted by one catch A, A, fixed on the
frame S to raise the combs a proper height when sinking down. The two frames
G and N must have each-of-them a pully, cord, and weight, to move them in
due time. This machine may be worked either by hand or a crank motion.

page_text: An Apparatus for Cutting Combs and Fustians.-Figure V. A, the wood
frame which supports the machine. B, four iron plates fixed on the frame A by
bolts and nuts, and at the side where the letter A stands two of the plates are
groved for the two iron carriage rollers C to move in. D, two iron stands fixed
on the frame A, with bolts and nuts, through each one steel center screw on which
the arbor E turns. F, one iron circle cast or screwed on the arbor E, on which
is fixed G, circular iron cap with screws. H, steel circular cutter plates fixed on
the circle F. I, iron circle rising gradually three fourths of the circle raiso
the comb in cutting, the face of the circle eight inches broad, fixed by screws
on the arbor E. K, two iron pinions, one on the arbor E and the other and
handle on a shaft supported by an iron frame fastened on the frame A.
L, iron bearer fixed by bolts and nuts on the frame A to support the iron
regulating screw M by two steel center screws through the bearers L. N
regulating pinnion on the screw M. O, two iron bearers fastened on the frame
A, with bolts and nuts to support the barr P, whereon is fixed a guide some-
thing similar to what is used in fustian cutting by hand; also on the barr. P
projecting part is half a nut fixed with bolts and nuts, acting on the screw M
to move the iron carriage frame Q; and on the frame Q are cast two bearers
on the side where the letter A stands, to support the roller R, acting on two
steel center screws in the bearers, over which the fustain piece passes, turned
by a strap on the pullys. On the arbor E and roller R, on the opposite side of
the frame to the fustian, is fixed, in the same manner as the fustain roller R,
one iron barr S, on which an iron lever T is fastened with one screw, fastening
comb by a wedge at the end of the lever. A larger quantity of fustians or
combs may be cut at once, when circles are fixed round the arbor E. The
fustian should be opened out and pass round a roller at half length the piece;
stitch the ends of the piece together with about one yard thin linnen cloth,
thinner than the fustian, turn the regulating screw to suit the next race in the
fustian. Stones, &c., may be fixed in convenient situations for the purpose of
always keeping the cutters sharp. The roller R, out of mistake, is longer than
wanted, the two wheels and stand U are not necessary. One part of Figure V
is upon the large parchment, and the other part on a small piece of parch-
ment. V, iron lever to fix on the bar S, for the purpose of raising the comb
by the circle I when cutting.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Woods, have hereunto set my
hand, and seal, the Tenth day of January, One thousand eight
EDWARD WOODS. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Tenth day of January, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Edwards Woods came before our Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
hat case made and provided.
Inrolled the Fifth day of February, in the year above written.