Improvements in Kilns for Burning Earthenware and the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Earthenware and the like.
We, JOSEF LENGSHOLZ and CHRISTIAN LENGSHOLZ, Manufacturers, of Porz on the
Rhine, near Cologne, in the Province of Rhineland, and Kingdom of Prussia, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention in question refers to an improvement in the so-called blue-damp-
kilns for earthen goods manufactory (tiles, earthen-pipes, earthen ware etc.) for
cooling the same in an utmost short time and without admission of air in order
to attain an equal and fine colouring of the goods.
The new arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing in cross-
section through the kiln, in Fig. 2 in upper view.
A are the side walls of the kiln, B the vault, C the outer walls carried up
beyond the vault which enclose the layer of earth D layed above the vault B. !
In the vault B a number of openings 0 are made into which tube-pieces R are
arranged in such a manner, that they end below with the inner surface of the
vault B. Over each tube-piece R a cowl H, considerably higher and wider than
the opening, is placed with the open side downwards so that its lower rims are shut
off air-tight by the earth-layer D.
Into the tubes R valves or sliders K are arranged which by means of a rod S
and a handle G can be so turned from the outside that they either completely
shut off the tubes transversely, or open the same more or less. During the baking
these valves are kept shut, so that no heat from the oven should escape, but be
utilized to the utmost in the interior; at the same time the rods S and the
handles G are covered by the earth in order to prevent the smallest escape of
warmth. When the baking is over, the sliders or valves K are opened and now the
heat passes from the oven through the tubes R into the iron cowls H.
These latter are considerably layer than the tubes R, so that the heat-streaming
out is diffused over a large surface and mingles slowly with the outer air, thus
preventing a glowing of the cowls H.
The number and size of the openings O, of the tubes R and the cowls H corre-
spond of course to the size of the kilns. If for example the openings in the vault B
have a diameter of about 450 millimeter (equal to about 18 inches) the cowls H
may with advantage be about 900 millimeter (equal to about 30 inches) in diameter.
In order to increase the surface of the cowls H they may be made knobbed,
grooved, undulated or ribbed.
The advantages which this method of dry damping has over the formers,
especially over the most usual wet method are self-evident and consist especially
in the possibility to use the heat stream out from the kiln for drying purposes
further in the economy of coals, saving the kilns, the equal burning and colouring
of the earthen ware in the kiln, whereby the loss on damaged or to softly burnt

page_text: goods is almost entirely avoided, finally in the more rapid cooling and consequently
better exploitation of the kilns and in the very simplified attending to the same.
Dated this 1st day of July 1897.
For JOSEF LENGSHOLZ and
CHRISTIAN LENGSHOLZ,
Bernhard
Brockhues.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Earthenware and the like.
We, JOSEF LENGSHOLZ and CHRISTIAN LENGSHOLZ, Manufacturers, of Porz on the
Rhine, near Cologne, in the Province of Rhineland, and Kingdom of Prussia, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention in question refers to an improvement in the so-called blue-damp
kilns for burning earthen ware articles, for instance, tiles, pipes, vessels, and the
like, for cooling the same in the shortest time possible and without the admission
of air, thus attaining an equal and fine colouring of the goods.
The new arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing filed with the Pro-
visional Specification in cross-sections on two planes through the kiln, in Fig. 2
.in upper view.
A are the side walls of the kiln, B the vault, C the outer walls carried up beyond
the vault which enclose the layer of earth D laid on the vault B.
In the vault B a number of openings O are made into which tube-pieces R are
fitted in such a manner, that their ends below do not project beyond the inner sur-
face of the vault B.
Over each tube-piece R a cowl H, considerably higher and wider than the open-
ing, is placed with the open side downwards so that its lower rims are almost shut
off airtight by the layer of earth D.
In the tubes R valves or slides K are arranged which by means of a rod S and a
handle G can be so turned from the outside that they either completely shut off
the tubes transversely, or open them more or less.
During the baking these valves are kept shut, so that no heat escapes from the
kiln, but is utilized to the utmost in the interior; at the same time the rods S
and the handles G are covered by the earth in order to prevent the smallest escape
of heat.
When the baking is over, the slides or valves K are opened by means of the
handles G, access to which is obtained by taking off the earth covering the handles
and now the heat passes from the kiln through the tubes R into the iron cowls H.
The cowls H are considerably larger than the tubes R so that the heat streaming
out of the kiln into the cowls H is diffused over a great surface, where it comes in
contact with the outer air and is absorbed by heating the latter, thus preventing
the cowls H from glowing.
The number and size of the openings O, of the tubes R and the cowls H corres-
pond of course with the size of the kilns.
If for instance the openings in the vault B have a diameter of about 450 milli-
metres (equal to about 18 inches), the cowls H may with advantage be about
900 millimetres (equal to about 36 inches) in diameter.
In order to increase the surface of the cowls H they may be knobbed, grooved,
undulated, or ribbed.
The advantages which this method of dry damping has over those hitherto in
especially over the usual wet method, are self-evident and consist especially
use,

page_text: in the possibility of using the heat, issuing from the kiln, for drying purposes,
further in the economy of coals, saving of the kilns, the equal burning and colour-
ing of the earthen ware in the kiln, whereby any loss owing to damaged or too
softly burnt goods is almost entirely avoided, finally in the more rapid cooling
and consequently better exploitation of the kilns and in the greatly simplified
working of the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1.) The method or process of damping kilns for burning earthen-ware and the
like, which consists in opening valves set in openings made in the vaulted roof of
the kiln and thus admitting the heated air into closed iron cowls H only open
towards the layer of earth D and placed over the openings in the vaulted roof and
the valves therein, substantially as described.
2.) In the kilns for burning earthen-ware and the like the arrangement of the
openings O in the vault B, each opening O containing a valve R and provided with
a closed iron cowl H.
Dated this 20th day of March 1898.
For JOSEF LENGSHOLZ and
CHRISTIAN LENGSHOLZ,
Bernh. Brockhues.