IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANU FACTURE OF IRON KNEES, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF FOR SHIPS FASTENINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Betteley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1854.
I, JOSEPH BETTELEY, of Liverpool, Anchor Manufacturer, do hereby declare.
the nature of the Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANU
FACTURE OF IRON KNEES, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF FOR SHIPS FASTENINGS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of knees of rolled iron of
peculiar forms, in place of forging the knees solid, as heretofore, and the
Invention consists of using rolled iron of the following sections:-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Betteley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME,. I, JOSEPH
BETTELEY, of Liverpool, Anchor Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day. of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Betteley, Her special licence that I; the said Joseph Betteley,
my executors, administrators, and "assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Betteley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF IRON KNEES, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF
FOR SHIPS' FASTENINGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that≤I, the said
Joseph Betteley, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Betteley, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in--and by the following
statement thereof (that is' to say):
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of knees of rolled iron of
peculiar forms, in place of forging the kneesi solid,-as-heretofore, and the
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and such bars are to be bent and forged into the shapes suitable for the knees
of ships and vessels..
Having thus stated the nature of my said "Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
My Invention is applicable to the descriptions of knees used in fastening
wood-built ships, where it is well known that iron knees have heretofore been

page_text: applied for connecting the deck and other beams with the sides of a ship, and
for internally strengthening ships' sides and bottoms. My Invention consists
of constructing such knees of the sections of iron herein described in place of
the sections of bars heretofore employed, whereby greater strength or stiffness
may be obtained in their application as fastenings of ships.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a knee for a ship's fastening constructed according to my
Invention, suitable for the lower hold of a ship. Figure 2 shows another knee
for between-decks, differing from that at Figure 1, inasmuch as one limb and
the bend of the knee are made of solid and not of trough iron. Figure 3 is a
section, showing how the bolt. passes through a knee. In these constructions
it will be seen that the holes are perforated through the central line of the
trough-like iron, the sides giving stiffness and strength to the knee. In like
manner I make knees of the sections of iron shown respectively at Figures 4, 5,
and 6. In these cases, however, the holes will be formed through the sides,
the hollow rib in. Figures 4 and 5, and the solid rib in Figure 6, giving
strength and stability to knees so formed. In making such sections of iron
into knees for ships' fastenings, I prefer to heat the iron from end to end in
an air furnace, and then to punch the holes therein as quickly as possible,
and then to cause the bar to be bent to a suitable mould to the form of the
interior of the ship, and after cooling I again heat the iron at the part
intended to form the neck or throat of the knee, and bend the knee to the form
desired. In applying such knees to ships, the heads of the bolts lie within the
grooves of the knees when of the form Figures 1 and 2, and at the sides of
the ribs of knees made of sections of iron, such as Figures 4, 5, and 6.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
manufacture and application of the knees herein described for ships' fastenings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Betteley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOSEPH BETTELEY. (L.S.)