matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING ADJOINING HOUSES BY MEANS OF AIR CHAMBERS ATTACHED TO GRATES IN THE PARTY WALLS DIVIDING SUCH HOUSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Furcy Tourrier, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1862.
I, JEAN FURCY TOURRIER, of 41, Manchester Street, Manchester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING ADJOINING HOUSES
BY MEANS OF AIR CHAMBERS ATTACHED TO GRATES IN THE PARTY WALLS DIVIDING
SUCH HOUSES," to be as follows:-
A grate, such as is generally in use, provided with an air chamber or tank
of iron, screwed at the back or sides of the grate, which chamber or chambers
will from their position derive great heat from the fire, and the heated air
contained in the above chambers will be communicated by means of pipes.
The expense for the tanks and pipes is the only one, and will be trifling. The
grate of the parlor is at the back about one and a half feet wide, by two and
a half feet high; this may be the dimension of the tank or hot-air chamber,
a smaller one would do. To this tank are fixed two or more pipes for con-
veying heat. The intention of the Inventor is to give the benefit of the heat
to the next house. Therefore the parlor fire, or rather the heat economised.
from it, will benefit the neighbour's passage. The front kitchen fire will
warm and dry the passage down stairs and the staircase, and so on, just as the
fire-place corresponds. So that house No. 1 will warm No. 2; No. 2 will.
warm No. 3, and so on for the whole row. Nothing can possibly commu-
nicate from one house to another except heat.
No danger of fire..

page_text: By this simple and costless mutual accommodation, it is obvious that
passages and houses will be dry and warm. It is a plan easily adapted to
English houses as they are regularly built.
FURTHER EXPLANATIONS.
The apparatus for this Invention is a hot air chamber or tank of iron applied
or screwed close behind the fire-grate, deriving from the proximity a large
amount of caloric, which is discharged through pipes into the next house.
Taking, therefore, for example, a parlor grate, having a tank placed and
screwed as described above, we communicate (according to the English con-
struction of houses) the hot air with pipes through the wall into the passage of
the next house; each house by this plan deriving benefit from the neighbour's
fire. Tanks may also (but this is a branch from the original intent) be placed
at the sides of the fire-grate, and thus give additional heat by pipes commu-
nicating to the sides of the chimney piece in the same room in which the fire
itself is.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING GLAZE,' 'SLIP,' OR OTHER POTTERS' MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Robotham and
Edward Oswald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd October 1862.
We, THOMAS JOHN ROBOTHAM, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford,
Chemist, and EDWARD OSWALD, of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the same County,
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING GLAZE,' 'SLIP,' OR OTHER POTTERS' MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an apparatus for the purpose of extracting every
particle of iron or other magnetic substance from "glaze," "slip," or other
potters' materials by the agency of magnetic attraction.
The apparatus consists principally of a vertical shaft with four or more
horizontal or inclined arms projecting therefrom, and provided with any
convenient number of permanent or electro-magnets, which shaft is caused
to revolve (by means of any suitable gearing) in a vat or circular vessel
containing the "glazo" or other material, so as to come into contact with and
take up every particle of iron or other magnetic substance that may be incor-
porated therewith. When electro-magnets are used attached to the horizontal
arms the positive ends of the wires are collected together into one bundle
and the negative ends into another, so as to form two separate bundles of
wires, and to each of these bundles a thick copper wire is soldered and

page_text: conducted up the shaft. Each of these wires is made to dip into a separate
cup of mercury of which there are two attached to the shaft and revolving
with it, and these mercury cups are respectively connected with the positive
and negative poles of a galvanic battery so as to complete the electric
circuit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA OR ITS SALTS AND CYANOGEN OR ITS COMPOUNDS, FROM REFUSE GLUTEN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson Hutchinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1862.
I, WILLIAM HODGSON HUTCHINSON, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Starch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA OR ITS SALTS AND CYANOGEN
OR ITS COMPOUNDS, FROM REFUSE GLUTEN," to be as follows:-
The refuse gluten from starch or other manufactories is subjected to
destructive distillation in iron, clay, or other suitable retorts, and the gaseous
products are condensed or collected in any suitable manner. From these
products the pure ammonia is obtained by filtering and redistillation, or is
crystallized by the addition of acids. I obtain the compounds of cyanogen
either by fusing the refuse gluten in a retort with potash, soda, lime, or other
salts, or by passing the gaseous products from the first retort over red-hot
charcoal soaked beforehand in a solution of the required salt or salts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, MANUFACTURING, AND WASHING THE PAPER PULP DERIVED FROM THE ESPARTO PLANT, AND IN APPARATUS CON- NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Carbonell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1862.
I, JOSEPH CARBONELL, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, in the City
of Paris, in France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, MANUFACTURING, AND WASHING
THE PAPER PULP DERIVED FROM THE ESPARTO PLANT, AND IN APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
I take say, 200 pounds weight of the Esparto plant or spartium in stalk, in
the raw state, and place it in a wooden or other vat or trough, mixing with it
20 pounds weight of alkali or salt of soda, and 30 pounds weight of quick-
lime, and immediately filling the vat with cold water until the spartium is
completely covered. This operation ended, I boil the spartium for 4 hours by
means of steam conducted through copper tubes, winding in a sepentine
manner through the vat. These tubes or pipes are pierced with small holes
in their entire length, and do not extend beyond the middle of the vat, so that
the steam is gradually distributed, issuing at the same time from the small
holes and the orifice of the pipes. The second operation ended, the spartium
is in a soft state, and I then draw off the liquid by a cock at the bottom of the
vat, I then carry the spartium to a hydraulic press, and after pressing out the
dirty matters and the liquid it contains, I place it mixed with 50 per cent.
of clear cold water in a cylinder similar to those used in paper-making for
triturating the rags. After 15 minutes of trituration in this cylinder the

page_text: spartium becomes reduced to a fibrous matter, and I then throw in 24 pounds
weight of chloride of lime thoroughly dissolved in clear water, and turn the
cylinder until the chloride is well mixed with the spartium. I prepare in a
small wooden trough lined with lead 1 pounds of sulphuric acid (marking 66%)
with three pounds weight of cold clear water. I pour this liquid by degrees
upon the pulp, which immediately assumes a reddish colour, but at the
expiration of about 45 minutes it becomes again and remains perfectly white.
There remains but to warehouse the pulp for 24 hours, and it is fit for paper-
making.
IMPROVED ALIMENTARY PREPARATIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baker, at the Office' of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1862.
I, JOHN BAKER, of Devonshire Grove, Old Kent Road, in the County of
5 Surrey, Manufacturing Cook and Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ALIMENTARY PREPARATIONS," to be as
follows:-
My improved alimentary preparations consist first of a concentrated prepara-
tion of beef tea. I reduce the beef by stewing in a sufficient quantity of water
in the ordinary way of making beef tea, but adding to each 112 pounds of
beef, about 2 pounds of the best Jamaica sarsaparilla. The whole being
reduced sufficiently to extract the nutriment from the beef, I then strain the
beef tea from the fibre and reduce it again by boiling or stewing, until the
quantity remaining is only about one-sixth part or one-seventh part of the
original weight of the meat; it is then to be put in jars or close cases, in which
it sets and becomes a firm hard jelly or substance. It should be covered so
as to exclude the air, if intended to be kept for any length of time.
.
The second part refers to the preparation of vegetable extract which I
prepare from Carrageen moss. I boil or stew the moss in water to a thin jelly,
and then strain off the fibre. I now reduce it to such consistence that it will
set hard when cold, during which reduction I add about 7 or 8 ounces of sugar

page_text: and one ounce of brandy to every pound of the extract. I add the sugar some
little time before the boiling is complete, and the brandy just previously. I
also add hay, saffron, or crocus to give it an agreeable color, and then pot and
cover it to exclude the air, or enclose it in air-tight cases.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ellerbeck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1862.
I, JOSEPH ELLERBECK, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
In order to vary the force of the blow given to the picking motion according
to the width of the loom or other purpose required, I employ the under picking
stick, and place upon its cap a wide picking cam with a slot in it, and connect
the cam to one arm of an L-lever working on a stud fixed to the loom side,
having a nib on its other arm acted upon by a tappet on the tappet shaft.
The slot in the cam on the picking stick cap is for the purpose of changing
the position of its connection with the arm of the L-lever, bringing the position
nearer or farther from the centre of motion, thereby lessening or increasing
its traverse, and consequently lessening or increasing the force of the pick.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sutcliffe Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1862. .
I, JAMES SUTCLIFFE SMITH, of Britannia, near Bacup, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that portion of the power loom known as the
stopping or "knocking-off" motion employed to stop the further action of
looms when the shuttle does not complete its "race" from box to box.
This
The improvement consists in an arrangement of mechanism which is
designed to release the "knocking-off handle," and thereby transfer the strap
from the fast to the loose pulley, and simultaneously to put a break upon the
fly wheel, which machinery may be thus described :-At a convenient place
on the framing of the loom beneath the "stop-rod finger" a rod is secured,
upon which is a sliding piece carrying a rod to act upon the "handle."
sliding piece is also connected by means of a wire or rod to a peculiarly
formed lever, one end of which may be brought into contact with the fly
wheel (as a break), upon the other end being acted upon or struck by a
tappet secured on a catch box on the end of the tappet shaft which
extends beyond the framing; thus, if the shuttle does not enter the box, the
'stop rod" finger strikes the sliding piece, and releases the "knocking-off

page_text: handle." The sliding piece also draws the wire, which places the lever in a
position to be struck and pressed by the extra tappet on the end of the tappet
shaft, by which means a break is put on the fly wheel, and the stoppage of
the loom is readily effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON, AND THE MACHINERY USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patent, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1862.
I, HENRY FLETCHER, Engraver and Mechanician, of Market Street,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON,
AND THE MACHINERY USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The Indian churka is used for separating the seed from the cotton; I
furnish it with a hopper or feeder, and a diaphragm to keep the seed from the
cotton; I cover the rollers with metal cylinders, and make one larger than
the other; I apply metal spindles to work into metal bearings, which may
be attached to the wood frame; I substitute weighted levers for the wooden
wedges to gain pressure, or a light metal frame and springs may be used
instead of wood; I improve the American roller gin by using rollers covered
with metal cylinders, and gain pressure by springs, heavy fly wheels, or
weighted levers. In one form I make the top roller the largest, and feed by
an aperture at the top that regulates the quantity of cotton presented to the
roller, which draws it to the small roller; a cover and grating being used to
protect the cotton, and part with the seeds. When it passes twice through
rollers I add a third rol
faster; or it may have
which may help to straighten the fibres by going
i pins on its surface to draw out the fibres after.
the seed has been separated, and pass the fibres over a grid, where a blower

page_text: removes sand and other impurities. A series of rollers may be used to clean
and straighten the fibres, so that they may not be injured in the packing.
The three rollers may be made double acting by having a double feed, the
smaller roller acting on each of the larger ones. I improve the American
Macarty gin by having the roller covered with metal instead of leather, by
making it larger, by having two or more moveable blades instead of one.
Their motion is varied to suit any purpose by working them with cams or
cam slots, which may be easily changed. The blades may be smooth or
serrated as required. Spreaders may be worked by the machine to present
the cotton uniformly to the roller. When pulleys are attached, steam, wind,
water, horses, or bullocks may be used as motive power. After the seed has
been separated the cotton is further cleaned and prepared by passing over a
series of rollers to straighten its fibres and to expose it to a strong eurrent of
air, as in ordinary blowers. These various motions gear into each other, and
elastic pressure is gained the usual way. The friction is reduced by making
the spindles fit slackly into their bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND FLOATING BATTERIES, IN MOUNTING THEIR GUNS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO LAND BATTERIES AND FORTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Leigh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1862.
I, EVAN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND FLOATING BATTERIES, IN
MOUNTING THEIR GUNS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO LAND BATTERIES AND FORTS," to be as
follows:-
I make the paddle-wheel propellers work between pontoons astern, the said
propellers, being made with shrouds and buckets similar to a water wheel;
the buckets being air-tight or partially so, the edge of each float being set a
little zig-zag. When they enter the water the air within them is compressed,
and serves to keep the water towards the periphery of the floats. As the
floats leave the water the air rushes out and pushes the water away from
them, the recoil acting in the direction of propulsion. In other respects the
paddles are detached and acted upon for steering purposes if required.
In floating batteries for destroying other ships I employ a steam cylinder of
about 60 inches diameter, with 10 feet stroke, having a strong piston rod about
20 inches diameter working through a stuffing box below the water line. The
said piston rod, which passes through both ends of the cylinder, is pointed at.
the end with hardened steel, and weighs, with its piston, about 20 tons. The
action and arrangement of the cylinder is precisely similar to the well-known

page_text: steam hammer, which admits steam alternately at each side of the piston, so.
that the ram or tap can be'made to strike an enemy's ship a prodigious blow
on coming alongside, and repeat the same in rapid succession if necessary.
The force of the blow may amount to 100 or 1000 tons, being limited only
by the size of the cylinder pressure of steam and will of the operator.
In mounting ships' guns I balance two guns at the end of a lever, which
works on a pivot. The said guns, when at rest, are below the port holes or
parapets, and lie in a horizontal position out of reach of the enemy's fire.
When one is required to be discharged the lever is tilted like a weigh-beam,
which lifts the gun above the parapet or port hole, when it is easily adjusted
or sighted by a screw. After being discharged it is lowered to the horizontal
or safe position again, and swung round to a convenient position for
re-loading. By these means the heaviest guns can be easily moved about in
any direction, and shotted with safety and rapidity, the recoil being taken up by
india-rubber or other elastic springs placed behind the steps of the trunnions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Gerish at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1862.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM GERISH, of East Road, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For these pur-
poses in order to obtain a reciprocating right line motion to the pump rod a
fixed toothed wheel is employed, and the shaft which gives motion to the
pump rod passes through and rotates within the centre of the fixed cog
wheel. On this shaft is a crank, on the crank pin of which is mounted a pinion,
the teeth of which gear into the teeth of the fixed cog wheel. To the pinion
the end of the pump rod is attached at a distance from its centro corresponding
with the radius of the crank, hence by the rotation of the shaft the crank will
carry the pinion round with it, and as the teeth of the pinion at all times gear
with the teeth of the fixed wheel, the pinion is caused to rotate on the crank
pin, so that supposing the pump barrel to be vertical, the pump rod will at
all times be vertical, and will when at its highest point cross the centre of the
fixed wheel, which by preference is formed with internal teeth. The barrel
of a pump may when desired be in a horizontal or other position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING OR OTHERWISE PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1862.-A communication from abroad by Sixte Pierro Villain,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING OR OTHERWISE PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND
IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication to me from abroad by
Sixte Pierre Villain, of Paris, in the Empiro of France, Engineer, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the use of the carding
engines now employed, and it is particularly suitable for preparing cotton or
other fibrous materials for the combing machines. In performing this
Invention, a lap is prepared by a blower and lap machine of the usual con-
struction, or in any convenient manner, and the lap so formed is placed at the
back of the machine, and the fleece of fibrous materials passes between fluted
rollers to a roller covered with card teeth working in a trough. This roller
delivers the fibres to a large drum, also covered with card teeth; the fibres
are forced between the teeth of the large drum by a current of air passing
under the trough above referred to. The card fillet of the large drum is put on
in annular rings or in spirals with a space between them, and the fibres are
collected by the teeth of the cards until a certain thickness has accumulated;
the large drum is then turned round in the reverse direction, and the narrow

page_text: fleece or fleeces of fibres are drawn off by a pair of fluted rollers or otherwise.
These fleeces are then passed through drawing rollers, and are then ready for
the combing machine. The machine above described will do the work of
twelve to fifteen carding engines, thus saving space, labour, and cost. It is
evident that the details may be varied, and that the current of air may be
produced by a fan, or otherwise; currents of air to force fibres between the
teeth of cards are also applicable to carding engines and other machines for
cleaning and preparing fibrous materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Greenwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1862.
I, THOMAS GREENWOOD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to an improved form of driver for propelling
the shuttle in platform sewing machines, whereby the shuttle is more securely
held, and the liability to miss the loop is reduced. In the extremity of the
vibrating arm which communicates motion to the shuttle a socket is made to
receive a pin, which is jointed to and projects laterally from the shuttle driver;
by this means, therefore, the vibrating arm and shuttle driver are connected
together by a kind of loose universal joint. The driver is formed with two
projections, which serve to embrace the shuttle. One of these projections is
forked, and embraces the nose of the shuttle, and the other bears against the
rear end thereof, and the shuttle, although effectually secured by the driver,
will move freely backward and forward in its race.
The Invention also relates to an improved arrangement for regulating the
pressure of the presser foot over the feed wheel to suit the work under opera-
tion. Instead of attaching to a fixed point the tension spring which gives the
downward pressure to the presser foot on the face of the guide box in which
the vertical needle stem and presser foot stem works, a lever arm is mounted

page_text: for holding one end of the tension spring. Bearing upon the outer end of this
arm is a regulating screw, which is tapped into a lug attached to the guide
box. By turning, therefore, this regulating screw, the lever arm may be readily
caused to increase or diminish the tension of the spring, and thereby put any
required pressure upon the presser foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING KNOTS FROM PULP
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Fourdrinier, of Grove Terrace, Peckham, in
the County of Surry, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REMOVING KNOTS FROM PULP."
Sealed the 23rd January 1868, and dated the 28th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Fourdrinier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1862.
I, JOSEPH FOURDRINIER, of Grove Terrace, Peckham, in the County of
Surry, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING KNOTS PROM PULP," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for removing
knots from pulp. For these purposes an upright cylinder is used, the peri-
phery or circumference of which is formed with numerous upright slits of the
form and character of those used in other knotting apparatus. This cylinder
is placed within another cylinder or vat, from which the pulp is conveyed to a
paper-making machine. Within the first-mentioned or inner cylinder a
rotating apparatus is applied, in order that the pulp, which is continually fed

page_text: into the interior of the cylinder through an opening in the centre of the cover
may be continually dashed, thrown, or projected against the inner surface of
the cylinder, and thus caused to pass through the slits or openings formed
thereon into the outer cylinder or vat, whilst the knots are retained within the
inner cylinder. The form of the dash wheel or rotating apparatus may be
varied so long as the pulp on the interior of the cylinder is continually dashed,
thrown, or projected thereby against the interior of the inner cylinder. The
dash wheel which is preferred consists of blades or floats attached by arms or
otherwise to a vertical axis, which works in the centre of the inner cylinder
of the apparatus; these blades or floats are not radial, but are curved or bent
backwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burnie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1862.
I, JOHN BURNIE, of Castle Douglas, in the County of Kirkcudbright, North
Britain, Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement and construction of
tobacco pipes in such manner that the oily inatters evolved from the tobacco
are caused to condense in the stem of the pipe, and can neither be drawn into
the mouth of the smoker or flow back into the bowl of the pipe.
Under one modification the stem of the pipe, which may be formed
of metal, wood, glass, or other suitable material, forms a moderately
wide tube or cylindrical chamber. The lower part of this tube has fitted
to it or is formed with an internal tube, which extends a short distanco
up the pipe stem. The diameter of this internal tube corresponds to and
is intended to receive the tube of the bowl, which is preferred to be made
short. An ordinary mouth-piece is fitted into the upper end of the stem, and
this is preferred to be made so that its tubular extremity extends a short
distance down the stem. The bowl of the pipe is fitted with an internal
moveable disc; this consists of a small perforated metal plate fitting the lower
part of the bowl, and extending over the aperture through which the smoke is
drawn. The disc is formed with a thin slip of metal, which is bent upwards
and bent over the edge of the bowl to admit of its being lifted out, bringing

page_text: with it the contents of the pipe. With these arrangements the tube of the
bowl cannot get stopped by the ashes of the tobacco, whilst the oily matters
drawn out of the tobacco in smoking condense on the inner surface of the
stem and flow down into the space round the inner tube, which effectually
prevents the return of the fluid to the bowl. The prolongation of the tube of
the mouth-piece also prevents this acrid fluid from being drawn up into the
mouth of the smoker, and the smoking is rendered far more agreeable than
with pipes of the ordinary kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES OF CAST STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Rowan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1862.
I, JOHN MARTIN ROWAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ARTICLES OF CAST STEEL," to be as follows,
that is to say:
This Invention relates to means of obviating, preventing, or removing the
"honeycomb " or porous condition to which articles of cast steel, as hitherto
manufactured, are found subject. And the Invention consists in applying
pressure by means of hydraulic apparatus, for example, to the cast steel in the-
moulds when in a fluid or nearly fluid condition, such pressure consolidating
and greatly improving the cast steel, and also rendering it better suited for
subsequent treatment by hammering or rolling. The term "cast steel" is.
intended to include metal converted by the pneumatic process..
The construction of the details by which this improvement may be carried.
out in practice will depend on the form and other peculiarities of each article.
In the case of a railway wheel tyre, for example, the pressure may be applied
by means of a conical centre piece formed with a flange, which shapes and
compresses the flange edge of the tyre, the conical part at the same time
forcing out segmental pieces against the inside surface of the tyre; or, the
pressure may be applied solely to the flange edge, or solely to the inside surface.

page_text: of the tyre. In the case of an ingot or block designed for a gun and cast on
end, the pressure may be applied by means of a plunger or false bottom forced
upwards from below. If the casting is to be a short thick tube to be subse-
quently drawn into a long thin pipe, for example, the pressure may be applied
by using a conical mandril and by forcing it further inwards. In other cases
similar means will readily suggest themselves to the practical engineer. It will
be obvious that in order to obtain an efficient pressure the egress of the molten
metal at the gate must be prevented by means of stopping details secured in
connection with the hydraulic or other pressing apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KNOBS OR HANDLES OF DOOR LOCKS, AND IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING SAME WITH THE SLIDING BOLTS THEREOF, FOR ADVANCING AND DRAWING BACK SAID BOLTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Poisot, Locksmith,, of Gray Haute, Saône, in the French Empire.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 49, King William Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KNOBS OR
HANDLES OF DOOR LOCKS, AND IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING SAME WITH THE
SLIDING BOLTS THEREOF, FOR ADVANCING AND DRAWING BACK SAID BOLTS," (a
communication to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste Poisot, (Locksmith) of
Gray Haute Saône, in the French Empire,) to be as follows:―
•
This Invention consists in substituting in place of the ordinary reciprocating
mechanism and springs hitherto applied to the knobs or handles of the bolts
of door locks used for opening or closing doors, a piece of mechanism of the
following construction:-I employ a knob working on a fixed axis, and fix
thereon a short crank or arm formed with a small pin which fits in a vertical
groove made in the bolt, so that by turning the knob in a semicircle in said
groove the bolt will be moved by said pin in a straight line either backwards
or forwards, either for drawing back or pushing forward the bolt, and will
retain same firmly in either position, thereby dispensing with the use of a
spring for pushing the bolt out, as heretofore practised, and by these means
keeping the bolt within the lock when the door is opened, instead of the bolt
projecting beyond the edge of the door as is now the case, and which in
practice is found very objectionable. I employ a spring to press on the edge of
the crank or arm aforesaid for keeping same steady.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Kite at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1862.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS KITE, of Mongewell Mill, Wallingford, in the County
of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
starch, and in apparatus employed therein. In the manufacture of starch I
take flour and make it into dough by kneading it with a suitable quantity of
water; the dough when made is placed in a trough or vessel, in which are
surfaces having points or spikes upon them, and these surfaces having a
vibratory or other convenient movement communicated to them continually
perforate the dough; streams of water run over the dough during this opera-
tion, and wash away the starch from it; the spikes penetrating the mass of
dough ensure the access of the water to every portion of it. The water with
the starch escapes from the trough or vessel through holes covered with wire
gauze, or finely perforated metal, it runs into a vat where the starch is
deposited, the supernatant water is run off, and the starch is again mixed up
with a small quantity of water, to which acetic acid is added; this mixture is
allowed to stand, by which the impurities from the starch rise to the surface,
and are skimmed off. When the purification is complete, the starch is made
up for sale in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING KNIVES, FORKS AND BOOTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harper Twelvetrees at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1862.
I, HARPER TWELVETREES, of Bromley, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING KNIVES, FORKS AND BOOTS," to be as follows:-
For cleaning boots I employ a small wood or metal frame in form something
like a table, and immediately under the top at one or both sides I mount a
shaft containing one or more circular brushes. These brushes may be separate
and fixed upon the shaft by wedges or other means or by preference they are
part of the wood shaft, and the bristles put therein to form the brushes. In
the centre of the table underneath the top I dispose a flat piece of wood
perpendicularly terminating at the bottom with a small shelf, and by this
means the dust from the boots is prevented being scattered about. Within the
frame of the table underneath the brushes, I dispose a fly wheel and treadle
communicating by means of a strap or cord with a small pulley upon the brush
shaft, for giving rapid motion thereto.
For cleaning knives instead of brushes I employ two circular india-rubber
buffers having the surface coated with canvas. These buffers are secured to
two plates of wood or iron and mounted upon a shaft inside a case or box,
motion being given thereto by a winch handle. One of the buffers is made
fast to the shaft, the other one being loose is acted upon by a bush and nut

page_text: by which means its bearing or pressure upon the other buffer can be adjusted
at pleasure. At the top of the case or box is a cup to receive the knife
cleaning powder, the bottom being so disposed as to carry the powder between
the cleaning buffers, and underneath the buffers is a drawer to receive the
powder. Two suitable holes are cut in the ends of the case or box to admit
of the knives being thrust between the buffers in an oblique direction, the
back of the knife passing immediately under the bearing upon the revolving
shaft.
For cleaning forks I provide pieces of leather or a preparation of india-rubber
and other material known as kamptulicon, upon the bottom of the case, at the
front, one piece being raised upon two short pedestals so as to clean between
the prongs of the fork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY IN CASES OF FIRE OR BURGLARY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pauline Brassert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1862.
I, PAULINE BRASSERT, of St. Anne's Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AND PROPERTY IN CASES OF FIRE OR BURGLARY," to be
as follows:-
The apparatus of my Invention consists of a wickerwork basket, which
I make of a convenient size to contain the other requisites and parts of my
improved apparatus, as also to be suitable for an ottoman or seat, for which
purpose, and to render this basket more or less ornamental, I cover it in any
suitable material, according to the position or to the room in which it is to be
placed. I prefer to place it up close to the window. I place in the basket,
which has a lid to lift up easily, a rope ladder, by preference of light wire
cord, and with wood or metal rounds or steps. I also attach to the top edge
of the basket a double cord of a length according to the height of the house,
and in the bottom of the basket I fix an upright iron standard with a strong
hook at the top nearly level with the top of the basket; and near the same
side as that at which the double cord before mentioned is attached I fix a
strong hook inside the window sill or in the wall, to which the rope ladder may
be readily hooked, it having a suitable eye for the purpose. In case of fire
and persons desire to escape from the house, they have simply to lift the lid

page_text: of the basket, hook on the ladder, throw it out of the window, and descend by
it. In the case of children or timid persons I put the basket out of the
window and take a turn of the double rope before mentioned on the wall
hook, place the children or others in the basket, and lower it. In case it is
necessary that the person operating should lower himself or herself at same
time, after passing the rope round the wall hook it is then passed under the
hook in the basket and otherwise round the standard or suitable cleat thereon,
whereby to veer away steadily on the rope or ropes. Instead of an ottoman,
the basket may form any other article of furniture, or it may simply present
its basket form. The same apparatus is available for escape from burglars in
like manner.
THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN TICKETS OF SILK, COTTON, OR WOOL, OR MIXTURE OF THOSE MATERIALS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF MARKING OR ADVERTISING GOODS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1862.
I, WILLIAM OWEN, of the City of Coventry, Designer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN TICKETS
OF SILK, COTTON, OR WOOL, OR MIXTURE OF THOSE MATERIALS, FOR THE PURPOSE
OF MARKING OR ADVERTISING GOODS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in producing in the ribbon loom illuminated tickets,
labels, and show cards for denoting the price of, and otherwise marking or
advertising goods in shop windows. Hitherto similar articles have been pro-
duced by printing or writing, whereas I indicate the necessary words, figures,
and devices, by weaving them into the fabric composing the label, ticket, or
show card.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Denby Lee and James
Crabtree at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th May 1862.
We, JAMES DENBY LEE and JAMES CRABTREE, of Shipley, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to looms for weaving fancy woollens, and the
improvements consist,-
Firstly, in working the "shafts" or heddles by the ordinary jack rods in
combination with hooked catches and grife levers or knives operated by tappets
fixed on the low shaft, the said catches being brought into contact with the
said levers by means of peg lags or other suitable indicating apparatus, aided
by springs, by which we obtain a double lift.
Secondly, in working or operating the picking levers by pinions and racks
in combination with double-nosed tappets and moveable friction pullies, which
are brought into or out of contact with the said noses, as required, by levers
and rods actuated by a changeable chain of tappets, whereby any number of
picks can be made from one end of the loom in succession up to the number
of change shuttle boxes employed.
Thirdly, a means of stopping the loom instantly when a shuttle remains in
the shed, which is effected by having fingers so placed as to be operated by
the loose reed, and brought into contact with a lever, which acts upon the
strap guide, and also against stops which prevent the crank shaft from passing
the centres.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, CUTTING, OR PRESSING METAL OR OTHER PLATES OR SUBSTANCES, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO TENSION RODS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Williams
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th September 1862.
I, WILLIAM JAMES WILLIAMS, of Arundel Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR PUNCHING, CUTTING, OR PRESSING
METAL OR OTHER PLATES OR SUBSTANCES, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO TENSION RODS," to be as follows:—
My Invention consists in forming or constructing a machine for punching
or piercing metal or other substances by manual power, that is to say:-First,
I form the frame of my machine of weight and thickness adapted to the
purpose for which it is to be employed. On one end of this is the ordinary
die or punching bolster to receive the punch tool or die, and above this
at a suitable distance is a hollow neck shank or boss having a thread cut
in it, within this works a hollow spindle or shaft with an external and
similar thread cut on its extremity. This shaft is actuated by a lever of any
convenient length, and is prolonged so as to allow of its being screwed to the
bottom of the boss shank or neck before mentioned; within this spindle or
shaft is another, also with a thread cut upon its exterior, and working in a corre-
sponding thread in the inside of the first-mentioned one, and extending through
the boss, one extremity carrying the punch and the other end being carried
up through the hollow spindle which serves as a guide for it. The thread on

page_text: this last-mentioned spindle is formed with a slight difference in the "pitch,"
though the course of the thread runs in the same direction. Thus when the
spindle or shaft first-mentioned has arrived at the bottom of the screwed boss,
say, a distance of several inches, the inner spindle will be advanced a very
small distance in practice, this distance would be about a quarter of an inch.
By this means I gain an enormous power, and can easily punch any sized holes
in ordinary boiler and other plates by very little exertion, though the action
is necessarily very slow. Having broken the hole almost through I turn tho
handle connected with the inner screwed spindle or shaft which forces the
punch or tool through the metal, cutting a clean and distinct hole. The samo
power can be obtained by making the differentpitches of screw on the same
spindle by simply making the machine longer, thus dispensing with the hollow
spindle or screw, and by cutting the screws in the same direction with slightly
different pitches I gain a power to draw together tension rods which is lost
with the ordinary right and left hand screw now employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND EMERY PAPER OR CLOTH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James Chapman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1862.
I, ROBERT JAMES CHAPMAN, of South Street, Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS AND EMERY PAPER OR CLOTH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the manufacture of glass
and emery paper or cloth whereby a more efficient article is produced capable
of being used with greater facility for the various purposes to which it is
applicable than the ordinary glass or emery paper. Hitherto the powdered
glass and emery dust have been sprinkled or sifted on to the adhesive solution
spread on the paper or cloth on one side only, but I propose by this Invention
to apply the adhesive solution to both sides or surfaces of the paper or cloth,
and to sprinkle thereon the powdered glass, or the corn emery or flour emery,
according to the fineness or coarseness of the article required, so that I produce
a double surface each suitable for rubbing wooden or metallic bodies, and
imparting smoothness or lustre thereto. I also propose in some cases to apply
a fine surface of emery or glass to one side of the paper or cloth and a coarse
powder to the opposite surface, in order that.a workman may use the two
qualities successively with one paper or cloth.
According to this Invention glass paper and emery cloth may be manu-
factured at a cheaper rate than by the present method, and they may be used

page_text: without the necessity of doubling them, as is now the practice, to prevent them
slipping from the fingers. They cannot be wasted or misapplied by workmen by
their making out accounts, calculations, or sketches on the paper surface, as is
at present the custom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Louis Joseph
Frédéric Margueritte, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Chemist.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
Argand gas burners as ordinarily constructed have the great disadvantage
of allowing a great excess of air to pass into the interior, and around the
flame, a portion of this air causes all the carbonaceous particles contained in
the flame to burn too rapidly, thereby reducing its size and diminishing its
brilliancy, the portion of air not serving for the combustion also reduces the
lighting power of the gas, at same time that it cools the flame. This incon-
venience has only been partially remedied in the various improvements in
gas burners which consist in regulating the quantity of air necessary for the
combustion by the application of wires or metal gauze caps or coverings.
In these burners a much smaller amount of air is supplied as the caps or other
coverings present an obstacle to its passage in excess, however it is still.
much greater than necessary, and consequently it is impossible to obtain a
maximum of lighting power from the gas.
According to this Invention the desired result is ensured by regulating the

page_text: amount of air supplied to the burner exactly to that which is necessary for
proper combustion. This I effect by means of taps, valves, or other similar
apparatus, self-acting or otherwise, the burner being enclosed in a chamber to
which the admission of air is regulated as described.