IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING IRREGULAR FORMS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CON-NECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Kinder, of the City of Worcester, Coach
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING IRREGULAR
FORMS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CON-
NECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 23rd October 1857, and dated the 6th May 1857.
3
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Kinder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1857.
I, ARTHUR KINDER, of the City of Worcester, Coach Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING
IRREGULAR FORMS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
mechanism for cutting warped or other similar irregular surfaces in wood,
This
or other material capable of being cut by rotatory cutters or saws.
improved cutting mechanism consists, first, of a peculiar arrangement of
cutter head, and mode of fixing the cutters therein, such cutters being
either applicable for plain or moulded surfaces, the cutter being made to
correspond to the form of moulding to be produced. The cutter head consists
of a solid cylinder slotted down the centre, and the cutters are fixed inside

page_text: the slot by screws, such screws passing through the cutters into back plates
which direct the shavings away, or a conical plug may be used, forced down
the cutter head between the back plates. The mouth of the cutter may be
formed by fitting a pillar in front of each cutter at a suitable distance there-
from. This cutter head is carried by a vertical spindle having a vertical
adjustment in any convenient manner.
For working on surfaces which have been previously rounded, I use an
adjustable flexible curved table top; this table, with the flexible top removed
for plain work, is made to turn on centres, so as to be adjustable at any
desired angle for the purpose of cutting bevilled work. A longitudinal
traversing motion is imparted to the cutting table in conjunction with a
transverse traversing motion imparted to the wood to be cut, such motions
being effected either by hand or by mechanical means. A simple arrangement
of slots is employed for guiding the wood and its pattern or template across
the table.
In applying a portion of these improvements to vertical saw frames, the
wood to be cut is fitted in slots or on slides in a circular table, which is free to
be tilted or adjusted angularly, whilst at the same time it revolves round the
saw.
If found desirable, in place of using two cutter heads in different parts of the
table, working in opposite directions, for cutting on each side of the grain, the
two cutter heads may be placed in a vertical axial line, and the upper or
under one brought into action as required, the two revolving in opposite
directions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Kinder in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
KINDER, of the City of Worcester, Coach Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Arthur Kinder, Her special license that I, the said Arthur Kinder, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur
Kinder, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree

page_text: with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and.
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING IRREGULAR.
FORMS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED.
THEREWITH;" upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur
Kinder, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Kinder, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
mechanism for cutting warped or other similar irregular surfaces in wood or
other material capable of being cut by rotatory cutters or saws. This improved
cutting mechanism consists, first, of a peculiar arrangement of cutter head and
mode of fixing the cutters therein, such cutters being either applicable for
plain or moulded surfaces, the cutter being made to correspond to the form of
moulding to be produced. The cutter head consists of a solid cylinder
slotted down the centre, and the cutters are fixed inside the slot by screws or
pins, such screws or pins passing through the cutters into back plates which
direct the shavings away, or a conical plug may be used forced between the
back plates. The mouth of the cutter when one is used may be formed by
fitting a pillar in front of each cutter at a suitable distance therefrom.
This cutter head is carried by a vertical spindle having a vertical adjustment in
any convenient manner.
For working on surfaces which have been previously rounded, I use an
adjustable flexible curved table top; this table, with the flexible top removed
for plain work, is made to turn on centres so as to be adjustable at any
desired angle for the purpose of cutting bevilled work. A longitudinal
traversing motion is imparted to the cutting table in conjunction with a
transverse traversing motion imparted to the wood to be cut, such motion
being effected either by hand or by mechanical means.
A simple arrange-
ment of slots is employed for guiding the wood and its pattern or template
across the table.

page_text: In applying a portion of these improvements to vertical saw frames, the
wood to be cut is fitted in slots or on slides in a circular table, which is free to
be tilted' or adjusted angularly whilst it revolves round the saw.
The saw
passes through the centre of the table, the table itself is capable of revolving
round the saw.
If found desirable, in place of using two cutter heads on different parts of
the table, working in opposite directions, for cutting on each side of the grain,
the two cutter heads may be placed in one vertical axial line, and the upper
or under one brought into action by means of levers as required, the 2 cutters
revolving in opposite directions.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of my
cutter head fitted with its cutters; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
top of the same; Figure 3 is a vertical section of the cutter head taken along
the line 1-2, in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a transverse section of the same
taken along the line 3-4, in Figure 3. The cutter head consists of a metal
cylinder A having a large central slot or opening made transversely through it,
the width of such slot being about equal to the semi-diameter of the cylinder.
This cutter head is screwed into the cutter spindle at B, and is fitted with a
pair of cutters C, C, which are secured in the central opening by the conjoint
action of the screws or pins D, D, and the back pieces E, E, the latter being
forced against the cutters so as to hold them firmly against the inner sides of
the slot by means of the conical or tapered plug F, which is inserted between
the back pieces E. This plug is forced down by means of the nut or gland G,
which bears against a shoulder f on the plug, and is tapped into the cutter
head, as shewn in the Drawing; hence it is obvious that by turning the nut or
gland G in the proper direction (it being loose on the upper end of the plug F),
the conical plug will be forced down between the back pieces E, and will
tighten up the cutters, the screws or pins D effectually preventing all chance
of the cutters flying out should they become accidentally loosened in the head.
One of these cutters, with the slot c for receiving the holding screw or pin, is
shewn in detail side elevation and plan at Figure 5.
Figure 6 represents a modified cutter head, wherein the conical plug F is
reversed, and is tightened by being drawn up by the aid of an ordinary nut G
fitted on to the screwed end II of the plug, as will be clearly understood on

page_text: referring to the Drawing. In cases where the cutter head is too small to
receive the conical tightening plug F, I propose to secure and hold the cutters
in the cutter head in the manner shewn at Figures 7 and 8, which represent
respectively a side elevation and transverse section of a small cutter head.
I, I, are screws which pass through the sides of the cutter head A and through
the cutters, and are firmly screwed into the back pieces E, E, which are
tightened up against the cutters by turning the screws I; K, K, are pillar
mouth pieces which are fitted into the cutter head, and are useful when cutting
bevils or working hard woods. On the lower end of the cutter heads in all
cases I attach a loose ring or washer L, against which the template or pattern
employed in giving the required shape to the article to be cut is pressed. This
loose ring or washer L has a projecting flange / formed upon it at a convenient
distance from its upper edge. This ring or washer should be made sufficiently
narrow to admit of its having about three-eighths of an inch play to slide
freely up and down the lower and smaller cylindrical portion of the cutter
head. Figure 9, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of a
machine for cutting irregular forms. Figure 10, on Sheet 2 of my Drawings,
is a front elevation of the same machine, and Figure 11 is a corresponding
plan of the top of the same. A, A, are the main end standards of the
machine, which are connected by the longitudinal frame B. On the face of
this frame are cast 8 blocks C, C, to which are bolted the vertical V-guide
rails D, D¹, the outer ones D' being adjustable by means of the adjusting
screws E, E. Between each pair of guide rails is fitted to slide freely up and
down a frame F, which carries the cutter spindle G, each spindle being
mounted in steel collars at H, and supported at the lower extremity by the
adjustable screws I, I, passed through a cross rail in each frame; K, K, are
the driving pullies for working the cutter spindles, and L represents one of
the cutter heads (herein-before described) screwed on to the upper end of its.
spindle. The two spindles are rotated in opposite directions in order that the
cutters may cut on opposite sides of the grain of wood, and their cutter heads.
are brought up above the table, or dropped below it according as one or the
other is required to be in or out of action. In the Drawing one cutter head
is shewn above the table ready for action, whilst the other one is supposed to
be removed from its spindle, which with the frame F is lowered beneath the
table so as to be out of the way of the timber to be operated upon. Attached
to the upper edge of each of the frames F are two blade springs 1, 1, shewn
in the half sized detail Figure 8* on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, which represents
the top portion of one of the frames, with the springs 1, 1, attached and
bearing at their free ends against the under side of the ring or washer L,

page_text: which depresses the springs by pressing on the projecting flange l with the
bottom edge of the pattern or template 2. The object of this arrangement is
that when the table is. at an angle, as shewn by the diagonal red line, the
.pattern or template 2 may pass round the washer. from its present position to
the point marked 3; the springs 2 by keeping the flange against the bottom
of the pattern, a given portion of the washer will always be in contact with
the edge of the pattern. If this arrangement were not adopted, and the ring
or washer without the projecting flange upon it were fixed in its present
position, the pattern 2 when brought round to the point 3 would be below the
top of the washer L, and as the material in the process of cutting rests upon
this pattern, it would come in contact with the washer and prevent the cutters
acting upon it.
The bottom of each frame F is connected by links or shackles M with one
of the two levers N, N, which work on fixed centres at O, and are furnished
with counterweights attached to the rods, for the purpose of balancing the
weight of the frame and spindle. The operator can thus readily bring either
cutter head above the table Q by simply depressing the corresponding pedal
lever N with his foot. R is a detent acted upon by a spring, which will
sustain the frame elevated until drawn back, .when the released frame and
cutter head will descend below the table again. As the cutters are not
always required at the same elevation, the detent may be fitted with an
adjustable catch and set screw, so as to be capable of being set at any desired
elevation. In cases where both the cutter heads are required above the table
at one time and at a uniform height, they may both be elevated simultaneously
by depressing the cross head S, which is long enough to project over both of
the pedal levers N. This cross head is actuated by the vertical screw shaft T
and hand wheel V. V, V, are guide rods for keeping the crosshead parallel
with the frames F, F, in its up and down motions; W is a rectangular frame
mounted on centres X on the top of the main standards A, and consequently
free to be adjusted at any required lateral angle; it is secured when so
adjusted by means of a binding screw Y, which acts upon the segments Z.
The parallel bars forming this rectangular frame W are planed to a surface,
and the two centre ones S, S, are undercut to form a dovetail, as shewn in
Figure 9. Two long cast-iron angular bars A, B, are fitted to slide freely
along these, dovetails, and are coupled at each extremity by the bridge pieces
C, C. A rack d is made on the under side of the bar A, which is actuated by
the pinion e on the horizontal shaft f, the front end of which is squared to
receive a key or winch handle. Both ends of this shaft are carried by the
oscillating frame W. 9, 9, are a number of transverse parallel bars, composed

page_text: of wood or metal, and secured at their inner ends to the longitudinal bars
a and 6; whilst their outer ends are connected to pieces of metal h, h, sliding
on the outer parallel longitudinal bars of the frame W. A space i, i, is left
between each transverse bar, for the purpose of receiving the cross slide,
which is attached either to the wood itself or to the pattern when one is used.
I prefer that these spaces be made in the form of dovetails, so as to prevent
the slide from accidentally rising out of its groove. The wood to be shaped
or bevelled is laid upon the surface of the table Q, which must be set at the
desired angle if the piece is to be bevelled. A bar or slide is secured to the
wood or pattern, which bar slides transversely on the table along any one of
the transverse grooves i, i; whilst the table itself is free to traverse longitudinally,
or at right angles to the line of motion of the wood along the grooves, by
means of the rack and pinion arrangement herein-before described. It will
thus be obvious that any desired motion, whether simple or compound, can be
given to the wood whilst under the action of the cutters, which always remain
vertical, and thereby any desired curve or form may be cut, the form being
determined, where a great number of pieces of the same kind are required, by
patterns or templates bearing against the loose washer on the bottom of the
cutter head herein-before referred to; or the contour may be simply marked
in pencil on the wood itself without the aid of a pattern.
For working on surfaces which have been previously rounded, I use an
adjustable flexible curved table, shewn at k, k, Figure 9, such table being
removed for plain work. It consists of a number of steel blades 1, 1, perforated
with a line of equidistant holes, and secured to a number of parallel wooden
or metal strips or bars m, answering precisely the same purpose as the bars or
strips 9, 9, in the plane table W herein-before described. At each corner of
this flexible table are attached the long slotted plates or links n, n, by which
the ends of the table are raised or lowered and fixed by binding screws 0, 0,
the centre of the table being fixed to the machine; hence it follows that by
raising the outside edges or ends and securing the slotted links n, the surface
of the table will assume the desired curvature. This flexible table top may
be applied to the machine either transversely, as shewn, or at right angles to
that position, as circumstances may require.
Figure 1, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation, and
Figure 2 a vertical section, and Figure 3 a plan, of my improved adjustable
cutting table applied to a vertical saw frame. The ribbon or other saw A
passes through a cylindrical aperture in the centre of the fixed bracket
B the sides. This aperture stand up in the form of a boss above the surface
of the fixed bracket B, and forms the pivot or centre of motion of the

page_text: revolving table or plate C, which is held down on to the surface of the bracket
by the ring and set screw D. E, E, are two standards, each on the revolving
table C, which standards carry the pivotting points or centres F of the
oscillating circular table G, which may be adjusted to any desired angle, and
secured therein by means of the segment H and binding screw I. The upper
surface of the oscillating rotatory table G carries a series of parallel strips K
of metal or wood, for the purpose herein-before described, these strips being
laid upon rails L, L, which slide longitudinally in dovetail grooves made in
the surface of the table G, so that they may be free to traverse in a line
parallel with the axis of oscillation.
The table having been adjusted to the proper angle, if a bevilled end is
required, the piece of timber to be operated upon, with its guide bar or slide,
herein-before referred to, attached, is laid thereon, the guide bar being placed
between the strips K, K, for the purpose of moving the timber crosswise,
whilst a longitudinal motion or traverse is derived from the sliding table top,
and then two motions may be simultaneously combined, if requisite, with the
oscillating motion and rotatory movement of the table round the central boss
in the bracket B; or any one or more of these several movements may be
used either separately or combined. The timber is advanced towards the saw,
either mechanically or by hand, by means of the longitudinal and transverse
slides, together or separately, the horizontal circular or rotatory motion of the
table serving to guide the saw in the cut, whilst the oscillating or angular
adjustment of the table gives the desired bevel of cut. It will thus be obvious
that a great variety of irregular forms may be sawn by this machine.
Although the traverse of the longitudinal slide is necessarily limited, yet this
does not limit the length of the timber to be cut, for by shifting the guide bar
or transverse slide, and bringing the longitudinal slide back again, pieces of any
length may be operated upon.
Figure 4, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of a
modification of the rotatory cutting machine herein-before described. The
cutter heads A, A', however, in place of being side by side are placed in one
vertical axial line with the adjustable cutting table B placed between them.
These two cutter heads are attached to their respective spindles C, C', and
driven in opposite directions by bands passed round the sheaves D, D', on the
cutter spindles. These spindles are carried in the brackets E, E', which
slide vertically on the front of the main standard F of the machine. The
requisite traverse motion is imparted to the brackets simultaneously, so as to
bring one or the other cutter head into action by means of the lever handle G
working on a fixed centre at H, and connected by means of the end I to the

page_text: vibrating lever K working on a fixed centre L. The levers G and K are
connected by links M, M¹, to the sliding brackets. The standard is hollowed
out or recessed at N, so as not to interfere with the work; and the table B is
of the same construction as that herein-before last described and illustrated by
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings. The position of the table
when canted or angled is indicated by the red lines in all the Figures on
Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my said Invention; nor do I claim
any of the mechanical elements of which the said apparatus or parts of
apparatus are respectively composed, as being separately or apart from the use
or application of such elements to form the combinations constituting such
apparatus respectively, as being any part of my said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general constructions, arrangements, and combinations of
mechanism for cutting irregular forms, as herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of rotatory cutter
heads and the methods of securing the cutters therein, as herein-before
described.
Third, the application and use of a vibrating or oscillating table top, in
conjunction with vertical rotatory cutters, for the purpose herein-before
described.
Fourth, the combination of a longitudinal slide with a vibrating or oscillating
table top, for the purpose herein-before described.
Fifth, the application and use of transverse slots or grooves in the table top,
for the purpose of enabling the material to be cut to be traversed laterally or
across the table, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the the application and use of a guide rib bar or slide attached to the
material to be cut or to the pattern or template, such guide rib, bar, or slide
working in transverse grooves or slots in the table top, in the manner and for
the purpose herein-before described.
Seventh, the application to vertical saws of a vibratory or oscillating table
top in combination with a longitudinal slide, transverse grooves or slots, and
horizontal circular motion, as herein-before described.

page_text: Eighth, the application and use of a flexible table top for the purpose of
facilitating the working of previously rounded articles, as herein-before
described.
Ninth, the placing of two cutter heads and spindles revolving in opposite
directions in the same axial line, and the mode of connecting the same, as
herein-before described; also the combination of such cutters so arranged
with an adjustable table, in the manner and for the purpose herein-before.
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Kinder, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
ARTHUR KINDER.
L.S.)

page_text: Filed 8th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
KINDER, of the City of Worcester, Coach Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Arthur Kinder, Her special
license that I, the said Arthur Kinder, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Kinder, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING IRREGULAR FORMS AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN OR CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Kinder, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: And whereas I, the said Arthur Kinder, in pursuance of the said condition
in the said Letters Patent contained, did by a Specification, being an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and did cause the same instrument to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
And whereas, since the filing of the said Specification, I have been advised
that the use of a vibrating or oscillating table top in conjunction with vertical
rotatory cutters, as claimed in the third claim of the said Specification, is not
new for the purpose described, and I am therefore desirous to disclaim the
third claim of the said Specification, and otherwise to alter the said Speci-
fication in manner herein-after shewn.
NOW KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that I, the said Arthur Kinder, by and
with the leave of Her said Majesty's Attorney-General, do hereby disclaim the
third claim of my said Specification, as herein-before mentioned; and by and
with the leave aforesaid, and for the reason aforesaid, and for the purpose of
expunging the said claim from the said Specification, I do hereby alter the
said Specification in the manner herein-before mentioned, in and by the words,
letters, and figures following.
Now know ye, that I, the said Arthur Kinder, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
mechanism for cutting warped or other similar irregular surfaces in wood or
other material capable of being cut by rotatory cutters or saws. This
improved cutting mechanism consists, first, of a peculiar arrangement of
cutter head and mode of fixing the cutters therein, such cutters being either
applicable for plain or moulded surfaces, the cutter being made to correspond
to the form of moulding to be produced. The cutter head consists of a solid
cylinder slotted down the centre, and the cutters are fixed inside the slot by
screws or pins, such screws or pins passing through the cutters into back
plates, which direct the shavings away, or a conical plug may be used, forced
between the back plates. The mouth of the cutter, when one is used, may be
formed by fitting a pillar in front of each cutter at a suitable distance there-
from. This cutter-head is carried by a vertical spindle, having a vertical
adjustment in any convenient manner.

page_text: For working on surfaces which have been previously rounded, I use an
adjustable flexible curved table top; this table, with the flexible top removed
for plain work, is made to turn on centres, so as to be adjustable at any
desired angle for the purpose of cutting bevilled work. A longitudinal
traversing motion is imparted to the cutting table in conjunction with a
transverse traversing motion imparted to the wood to be cut, such motion
being effected either by hand or by mechanical means. A simple arrangement
of slots is employed for guiding the wood and its pattern or template across
the table.
In applying a portion of these improvements to vertical saw frames, the
wood to be cut is fitted in slots or on slides in a circular table, which is free to
be tilted or adjusted angularly whilst it revolves round the saw; the saw
passes through the centre of the table; the table itself is capable of revolving
round the saw.
If found desirable, in place of using two cutter heads on different parts of
the table, working in opposite directions, for cutting on each side of the grain,
the two cutter beads may be placed in one vertical axial line, and the upper
or under one brought into action by means of levers as required, the two
cutters revolving in opposite directions.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of my cutter
head fitted with its cutters. Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the top of the
same. Figure 3 is a vertical section of the cutter head taken along the line
1-2, in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a transverse section of the same, taken
along the line 3-4, in Figure 3. The cutter head consists of a metal cylinder
A, having a large central slot or opening made transversely through it; the
width of such slot being about equal to the semi-diameter of the cylinder.
This cutter head is screwed into the cutter spindle at B, and is fitted with a
pair of cutters C, C, which are screwed in the central opening by the conjoint
action of the screws or pins D, D, and the back pieces E, E, the latter being
forced against the cutters, so as to hold them firmly against the inner sides of
the slot by means of the conical or tapered plug F, which is inserted between
the back pieces E. This plug is forced down by means of the nut or gland G,
which bears against a shoulder f on the plug, and is tapped into the cutter
head, as shewn in the Drawing; hence it is obvious that by turning the nut

page_text: or gland G in the proper direction (it being loose on the upper end of the plug
F), the conical plug will be forced down between the back pieces E and will
tighten up the cutters, the screws or pins D effectually preventing all chance
of the cutters flying out should they become accidentally loosened in the head.
One of these cutters, with the slot c for receiving the holding screw or pin, is
shewn in detail, side elevation, and plan at Figure 5.
Figure 6 represents a modified cutter head, wherein the conical plug F is
reversed, and is tightened by being drawn up by the aid of an ordinary nut G,
fitted on to the screwed end H of the plug, as will be clearly understood on
referring to the Drawing. In cases where the cutter head is too small to
receive the conical tightening plug F, I propose to secure and hold the
cutters in the cutter head in the manner shewn at Figures 7 and 8, which
represent respectively a side elevation and transverse section of a small cutter
head; I, I, are screws which pass through the sides of the cutter head A and
through the cutters, and are firmly screwed into the back pieces E, E, which
are tightened up against the cutters by turning the screws I; K, K, are
pillar mouthpieces, which are fitted into the cutter head, and are useful when
cutting bevels or working hard woods. On the lower end of the cutter heads
in all cases I attach a loose ring or washer L, against which the template or
pattern employed in giving the required shape to the article to be cut is
pressed. This loose ring or washer L has a projecting flange 1 formed upon
it at a convenient distance from its upper edge. This ring or washer should
be made sufficiently narrow to admit of its having about three-eighths of an
inch play, to slide freely up and down the lower and smaller cylindrical portion
of the cutter head. Figure 9, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represents a side
elevation of a machine for cutting irregular forms; Figure 10, on Sheet 2 of
my Drawings, is a front elevation of the same machine; and Figure 11 is a
corresponding plan of the top of the same. A, A, are the main end standards
of the machine, which are connected by the longitudinal frame B. On the
face of this frame are cast 8 blocks C, C, to which are bolted the vertical V
guide rails D, D¹, the outer ones D¹ being adjustable by means of the
adjusting screws E, E. Between each pair of guide rails is fitted to slide freely
up and down a frame F, which carries the cutter spindle G, each spindle being
mounted in steel collars at H, and supported at the lower extremity by
the adjustible screws I, I, passed through a cross rail in each frame; K, K,
are the driving pullies for working the cutter spindles, and L represents one of
the cutter heads (herein-before described), screwed on to the upper end of its
spindle. The two spindles are rotated in opposite directions, in order that the
cutters may cut on opposite sides of the grain of wood, and their cutter heads

page_text: are brought up above the table or dropped below it, according as one or the
other is required to be in or out of action. In the Drawing one cutter head
is shewn above the table ready for action, whilst the other one is supposed to
be removed from its spindle, which with the frame F is lowered beneath the
table, so as to be out of the way of the timber to be operated upon. Attached
to the upper edge of each of the frames F are two blade springs 1, 1, shewn
in the half-sized detail, Figure 8ª, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, which repre-
sents the top portion of one of the frames, with the springs 1, 1, attached, and
bearing at their free ends against the underside of the ring or washer L,
which depresses the springs by pressing on the projecting flange l with the
bottom edge of the pattern or template 2. The object of this arrangement is
that when the table is at an angle, as shewn by the diagonal red line; the
pattern or template 2 may pass round the washer from its present position to
the point marked 3 the springs 2 by keeping the flange against the bottom.
of the pattern, a given portion of the washer will always be in contact with
the edge of the pattern. If this arrangement were not adopted, and the ring
or washer without the projecting flange upon it, were fixed in its present
position, the pattern 2 when brought round to the point 3 would be below the
top of the washer L; and as the material in the process of cutting rests upon
this pattern, it would come in contact with the washer and prevent the cutters
acting upon it.
The bottom of each frame F is connected by links or shackles M with
one of the two levers N, N, which work on fixed centres at O, and are fur-
nished with counterweights attached to the rods for the purpose of balancing
the weight of the frame and spindle. The operator can thus readily bring
either cutter head above the table Q, by simply depressing the corresponding
pedal lever N with his foot. R is a detent, acted upon by a spring, which will
sustain the frame elevated until drawn back, when the released frame and
cutter head will descend below the table again. As the cutters are not
always required at the same elevation, the detent may be fitted with an
adjustable catch and set screw, so as to be capable of being set at any desired
elevation. In cases where both the cutter heads are required above the table
at one time and at a uniform height, they may both be elevated simul-
taneously by depressing the cross-head S, which is long enough to project over
both of the pedal levers N. This cross-head is actuated by the vertical screw
shaft T, and hand wheel V. V, V, are guide rods for keeping the cross-head
W is a rec-
paralel with the frames F, F, in its up and down motions.
tangular frame mounted on centres X on the top of the main standards A, and
consequently free to be adjusted at any required lateral angle; it is secured

page_text: when so adjusted by means of a binding screw Y, which acts upon the seg-
ments Z. The parralel bars forming this rectangular frame W are planed to
a' surface, and the two centre ones S, S, are undercut to form a dovetail as
shewn in Figure 9. Two long cast-iron angular bars A, B, are fitted to slide
freely along these dovetails, and are coupled at each extremity by the bridge
pieces C, C. A rack d is made on the under side of the bar A, which is
actuated by the pinion E on the horizontal shaft f the front end of which is
square, to receive a key or winch handle. Both ends of this shaft are carried
by the oscillating frame W. 9, 9, are a number of transverse parallel bars,
composed of wood or metal, and secured at their inner ends to the longitudinal
bars a and b, whilst their outer ends are connected to pieces of metal h, h,
sliding on the outer parallel longitudinal bars of the frame W. A space i, i,
is left between cach transverse bar for the purpose of receiving the cross slide,
which is attached either to the wood itself or to the pattern, when one is used.
I prefer that these spaces be made in the form of dovetails, so as to prevent
the slide from accidentally rising out of its groove. The wood to be shaped or
bevelled is laid upon the surface of the table Q, which must be set at the
desired angle if the piece is to be bevelled. A bar or slide is secured to the
wood or pattern, which bar slides transversely on the table along any one of
the transverse grooves i, i, whilst the table itself is free to traverse longitudi-
nally or at right angles to the line of motion of the wood along the grooves
by means of the rack and pinion arrangement herein-before described. It will
thus be obvious that any desired motion, whether simple or compound, can be
given to the wood whilst under the action of the cutters, which always remain
vertical, and thereby any desired curve or form may be cut, the form being
determined, where a great number of pieces of the same kind are required,
by patterns or templates bearing against the loose washer on the bottom of
the cutter head herein-before referred to, or the contour may be simply marked
in pencil on the wood itself without the aid of a pattern.
For working on surfaces which have been previously rounded, I use an
adjustable flexible curved table shewn at k, k, Figure 9, such table being
removed for plain work. It consists of a number of steel blades. 1, 1, per-
forated with a line of equidistant holes, and secured to a number of parallel
wooden or metal strips or bars m, answering precisely the same purpose as
the bars or strips g. 9, in the plane table W, herein-before described. At each
corner of this flexible table are attached the long slotted plates or links n, n,
by which the ends of the table are raised or lowered, and fixed by binding
screws o, o, the centre of the table being fixed to the machine; hence it fol-
lows that by raising the outside edges or ends, and securing the slotted links

page_text: This flexible
n, the surface of the table will assume the desired curvature.
table top may be applied to the machine either transversely as shewn, or at
right angles to that position, as circumstances may require.
Figure 1, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation; and
Figure 2 a vertical section, and Figure 3 a plan of my improved adjustable
cutting table applied to a vertical saw frame. The ribbon or other saw A
passes through a cylindrical aperture in the centre of the fixed bracket B the
sides. This aperture stands up in the form of a boss above the surface of
the fixed bracket B, and forms the pivot or centre of motion of the revolving
table or plate C, which is held down on to the surface of the bracket by the
ring and set screw D. E, E, are two standards, each on the revolving table C,
which standards carry the pivotting points or centres F of the oscillating
circular table G, which may be adjusted to any desired angle, and secured
therein by means of the segment H and binding screw I. The upper surface
of the oscillating rotatory table G carries a series of parallel strips K, of metal
or wood, for the purpose herein-before described, these strips being laid upon
rails L, L, which slide longitudinally in dovetail grooves made in the surface
of the table G, so that they may be free to traverse in a line parallel with the
axis of oscillation.
The table having been adjusted to the proper angle, if a bevelled end is
required, the piece of timber to be operated upon, with its guide bar or slide
herein-before referred to attached, is laid thereon, the guide bar being placed
between the strips K, K, for the purpose of moving the timber crosswise,
whilst a longitudinal motion or traverse is derived from the sliding table top,
and then two motions may be simultaneously combined if requisite with the
oscillating motion and rotatory movement of the table round the central boss
in the bracket B, or any one or more of these several movements may be used
either separately or combined. The timber is advanced towards the saw
either mechanically or by hand by means of the longitudinal and transverse
slides, together or separately, the horizontal, circular, or rotatory motion of
the table serving to guide the saw in the cut, whilst the oscillating or angular
adjustment of the table gives the desired bevel of cut. It will thus be
obvious that a great variety of irregular forms may be sawn by this machine.
Although the traverse of the longitudinal slide is necessarily limited, yet this
does not limit the length of the timber to be cut, for by shifting the guide
bar or transverse slide, and bringing the longitudinal slide back again, pieces
of any length may be operated upon.
Figure 4 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of a
modification of the rotatory cutting machine herein-before described.
The

page_text: cutter heads A, A¹, however, in place of being side by side, are placed in one
vertical axial line, with the adjustable cutting table B placed between them.
These two cutter heads are attached to their respective spindles C, C, and
driven in opposite directions by bands passed round the sheaves D, D', on the
cutter spindles. These spindles are carried in the brackets E, E', which slide
vertically on the front of the main standard F of the machine. The requisite
traverse motion is imparted to the brackets simultaneously, so as to bring one
or the other cutter head into action by means of the lever handle G working
on a fixed centre at H, and connected by means of the end I to the vibrating
léver K working on a fixed centre L. The levers G and K are connected by
links M, M¹, to the sliding brackets. The standard is hollowed out or
recessed at N, so as not to interfere with the work, and the table B is of the
same construction as that herein-before last described and illustrated by
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 3 of my Drawings. The position of the table
when canted or angled is indicated by the red lines in all the Figures on
Sheet 3 of my Drawings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of my said Invention; nor do I claim any of the
mechanical elements of which the said apparatus or parts of apparatus
are respectively composed, as being separately or apart from the use or appli-
cation of such elements to form the combinations constituting such apparatus
respectively, as being any part of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general constructions, arrangements, and combinations of me-
chanism for cutting irregular forms, as herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of rotatory cutter
heads, and the methods of securing the cutters therein, as herein-before
described.
Third, the combination of a longitudinal slide, with a vibrating or oscillating
table top, for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth, the application and use of transverse slots or grooves in the table
top, for the purpose of enabling the material to be cut to be traversed laterally
or across the table, as herein-before described.
:
Fifth, the application and use of a guide rib, bar, or slide, attached to the

page_text: material to be cut, or to the pattern or template, such guide rib, bar, or slide
working in transverse grooves or slots in the table top, in the manner and for
the purpose herein-before described.
Sixth, the application to vertical saws of a vibratory or oscillating table top,
in combination with a longitudinal slide, transverse grooves or slots and
horizontal circular motion, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the application and use of a flexible table top for the purpose of
facilitating the working of previously rounded articles, as herein-before
described.
Eighth, the placing of two cutter heads and spindles revolving in opposite
directions in the same axial line, and the mode of connecting the same, as
herein-before described; also the combination of such cutters so arranged with
an adjustable table, in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Kinder, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
ARTHUR KINDER. (L.B.)
I
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-mentioned Arthur Kinder
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the
same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
FITZROY KELLY.