IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SALOONS
Year: 1882

page_text: .3
LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Leather of Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Merchant and John Knowles Leather of the same place Manu-
facturer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SALOONS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Leather and John
Knowles Leather at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd September 1882.
JOSEPH LEATHER of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, and
JOHN KNOWLES LEATHER of the same place, Manufacturer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING SALOONS, STATE ROOMS AND CABINS OF STEAM AND OTHER SHIPS
"
This relates to the ventilation of the dwelling apartments on board ship by an
efficient adaptation of the system of upwards ventilation covered to Joseph
Leather by British Patent N° 3486 of the current year and also to the said
upwards ventilation in combination with our parts and means for securing
advantageous results.
For thoroughly ventilating the above mentioned spaces in a ship or vessel air is
forced by means of a fan or other suitable appliance or through a cowl in passages
or ways to the desired places and is then discharged in an upward direction by
means of adjustable or regulating deflectors or guides substantially in the
manner setforth in the British Letters Patent above referred to. The air is
either heated or cooled so as to bring it to the required temperature before
admission into the spaces to be ventilated. The heating is advantageously
effected by allowing air to pass in contact with copper pipes through which hot
water, steam or products of combustion are caused to pass. The vitiated air is
allowed to escape direct to the atmosphere; or in steam ships is conducted to the
boiler furnaces.
The air is advantageously directed upwards in state rooms, cabins or the like by
means of a rectangular or suitably shaped box secured to or forming part of the

page_text: door or casing of the state room or cabin the said air being admitted to the said
box through an aperture leading to the ways or passages along which the air is
being forced. The said ways or passages may be the corridors leading to the said
state rooms or cabins.
When the corridors are used as air passages, swinging or self closing doors are
provided to prevent escape of air.
In some cases, for more effective action, we employ one fan or appliance for
forcing in air and another fan or appliance for sucking out the vitiated air; in
all cases the fresh entering air being directed or delivered in an upwards
direction.
The cowls or entrance ways or passages for air are provided with a valve so
arranged as to be closed in case any volume of water should pass down the said
cowl, way or passage, Grids or equivalent devices are employed to carry off any
water which may pass the said valves.
In practice a valve with a flooding cup is found to answer well. In case of
inflow of water the cup is filled and the valve closed by the weight of water in
the cup. Small apertures are provided to allow water in the cup to flow away
gradually.
Side lights are provided with a rectangular box or deflector through which the
entering air is caused to pass in an upwards direction. The said box is fitted with
closing and regulating valves and with a grid or equivalent through which any
entering water may pass to the ships well. A door is also provided through which
"direct communication can be had to the side light."
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Leather and John Knowles Leather in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd-March 1883.
JOSEPH LEATHER of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Merchant and
JOHN KNOWLES LEATHER of the same place Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING SALOONS STATE ROOMS AND CABINS OF STEAM AND OTHER SHIPS"
This invention relates to the ventilation of the dwelling apartments on board
ship by an efficient adaptation of the system of upwards ventilation covered to
Joseph Leather by British Patent N° 3486 of the year 1882 and also to the said
upwards ventilation in combination with our parts and means for securing
advantageous results.
For thoroughly ventilating the above mentioned spaces in a ship or vessel air is.
forced by means of a fan or other suitable appliance or through a cowl in passages
or ways to the desired places and is then discharged in an upward direction by
means of adjustable or regulating deflectors or guides substantially in the manner
setforth in the British Letters Patent above referred to. The air is either heated
or cooled so as to bring it to the required temperature before admission into the
spaces to be ventilated. The heating is advantageously effected by allowing air to
pass in contact with copper pipes through which hot water steam or products of
combustion are caused to pass. The vitiated air is allowed to escape direct to the
atmosphere or in steam ships is conducted to the boiler furnaces.
The air is advantageously directed upwards in state rooms cabins or the like by
means of a rectangular or suitably shaped box secured to or forming part of the
door or casing of the state room or cabin the said air being admitted to the said
box through an aperture leading to the ways or passages along which the air is
being forced. The said ways or passages may be the corridors leading to the said:
state rooms or cabins.
When the corridors are used as air passages swinging or self closing doors are
provided to prevent escape of air.
In some cases for more effective action we employ one fan or appliance for
forcing in air and another fan or appliance for sucking out, the vitiated air, in
all cases the fresh entering air being directed or delivered in an upwards
direction.
The cowls or entrance ways or passages for air are provided with a valve so
arranged as to be closed in case any volume of water should pass down the said
cowl way or passage. Grids or equivalent devices are employed to carry off any
water which may pass the said valves.
In practice a valve with a flooding cup is found to answer well. In case of
inflow of water the cup is filled and the valve closed by the weight of water in
the cup. Small apertures are provided to allow water in the cup to flow away
gradually.
4
Side lights are provided with a rectangular box or deflector through which the
entering air is caused to pass in an upwards direction. The said box is fitted with
closing and regulating valves and with a grid or equivalent through which any
entering water may pass to the ships well. A door is also provided through which
direct communication can be had to the side light.

page_text: '
therein. In these and the following views the arrows show the direction of the
air currents. a cowl through which air passes down the way b into the chamber c
where it is heated by contact with the pipes d through which steam hot water or
products of combustion is or are caused to pass. The air leaves the chamber c
through suitable openings or ways enters the corridor e and passes thence through the
openings in the doors g and is directed upwards into the state room or apartment
by means of the deflectors or guides h. i regulating valve. The vitiated air escapes
directly through suitable openings into the atmosphere or is led through pipes to
steam boiler furnaces. The doors j of the corridors e are fitted with spring hinges k
which prevent their being left open so as to allow the fresh air to escape instead of
passing through the state rooms or apartments to be ventilated. The guides or
deflectors may be secured to the doors g in any convenient manner or they may
be fitted in any other suitable position where an inlet may be made.
Fig 2 also illustrates our improved means of preventing any excessive quantity
of water from passing down the ventilating ways or passages into the ship or
vessel, valve and flooding cup, m seating, n float. o float chamber, p regulating
chamber. q passage connecting the cup valve land regulating chamber p. r stem
joining the regulating chamber p to the float n.. 88 openings. The action of the
apparatus is as follows:-The cup valve is kept open as shown by means of the
float n in the chamber o which latter is filled with water, the air has then a free
passage down the cowl into the apartments to be ventilated.. Should however any
body of water enter the cowl a it fills the cup and causes it to seat on m and
prevent the passage of water downwards except through the passage q into the
regulating chamber p and thence through the openings 8 & into the way b whence
it is carried off through a grid and waste pipe.
When the water above the cup has all flowed down ά into the regulating
chamber and thence through the openings 8 8¹ into b the float raises the cup
valve and allows air to again descend into the ship or vessel.
Fig 3 is a transverse section of a side light ventilator under our invention
t side light, h hinged deflectors. i regulating valve, u grid, v waste pipè. The
ventilator above described and illustrated is suitable for use in fine weather, and
any small quantity of water entering through the port holes is carried away by the
grid and waste pipe. In stormy weather the deflectors are turned back on their
hinges and the side light port hole is closed in the usual manner.
Figs 4 and 5 are transverse sections at the lines A. A. B B, and fig 6 a longitudinal
section of an automatic side light ventilator constructed under our invention, t side
light, h deflectors, i regulating valves, u grids w stop valves, vv waste pipes.
The air enters through the port hole and passes into the ship or vessel through the
grids u in the direction shown by the arrows. If water enters through the port
hole the stop valves ware raised and the grids u closed; for the above purpose the
valves ware made hollow or of less specific gravity than water. Any water that
passes the grids u flows away by the waste pipes v the rest of the water entering
through the port hole flows aways by the waste pipe v¹. It will be obvious that
no water can directly enter the cabin or other part of the ship being ventilated and
that the ventilator need not be closed during rough weather.
The valves are conveniently made of wood or like material coated with india
rubber sponge.
Having now described and illustrated the said invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry our improvements into effect we would have it
understood that we do not confine our invention to the apparatus illustrated and
described, but what we do claim is :-
First. Ventilating the dwelling apartments on board ship by means of air
currents directed upwards substantially in the manner setforth.
Second. The combination of cowls, fans or equivalent devices with passages,
deflectors and regulating valves for the purposes setforth.
Third: The combination of cowls fans or equivalent devices with passages
deflectors regulating valves and heating apparatus for the purposes setforth.
T

page_text: Fourth. Constructing cowls or air passages under our invention with self acting
valves operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose setforth.
Fifth. Fitting side lights of ships or vessels with deflectors regulating valves
and waste pipes substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
In Witness Whereof I the said John Knowles Leather have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twentieth day of March in the year of Our Lord, one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JAMES JOHNSON
Patent Office
Witness.
4 Clayton Square
Liverpool
JNO. KNOWLES LEATHER (L.S.)