IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOL HOLDERS AND CUTTERS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTERS AND TOOLS USED IN LATHES IN PLANING AND OTHER MACHINES FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Ford Smith and Arthur Coventry, of
"Gresley Iron Works," Ordsal Lane, Salford, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineers and Tool Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOL HOLDERS AND CUTTERS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR
GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTERS AND TOOLS USED IN LATHES IN PLANING
AND OTHER MACHINES FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS AND OTHER
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 7th June 1867, and dated the 10th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ford Smith
and Arthur Coventry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th December 1866
We WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY, of "Gresley Iron
Works," Ordsal Lane, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and
Tool Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOL HOLDERS AND CUTTERS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR
GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTERS AND TOOLS USED IN LATHES IN PLANING AND
OTHER MACHINES FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to tool holders arranged for cutters which can be
replaced and readily secured and adjusted therein, which said cutters are
[Price 8d.1

page_text: formed from bar steel of uniform section, and are cut from the bar in lengths,
and do not require forging but simply tempering, when they can be used till
worn out, their edges being kept sharp by grinding.
Our improvements are applicable to the right and left handled tool holders,
where the cutting tool is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the length way
of the holder, and the object of our improvement is to secure the cutter more
firmly in the holder, which we accomplish by two set screws, the points of
which are slightly convex, and have a series of concentrix grooves flat upon
the face, but sharp upon the edges.
Another improvement consists in making the tool holders with a line upon
them to facilitate the placing of the cutter at the proper angle for cutting, and
in the use of a guage or gauge mark, by which the cutting edge can be fixed
at the proper level for lathe work.
Another improvement relates to holders for cutters suitable for screw
cutting and other work, and consists in making the holder round, so that it
can be turned and secured in the carriage at any required angle, but for a
certain class of work it may be made rectangular in section. In the end
of the holder and at a right angle to its length a hole is formed in which a
bolt is fitted with a screw nut at the upper side. In this bolt a slot is
cut through its axis at a suitable angle, in which the cutter is placed, so
that when the bolt is screwed tight the cutter is drawn against a loose
collar apon the bolt and is thus held firm, and by this arrangement the bolt
can be turned round, and with it the cutter to any required angle and then
secured. With this holder we use entters cut from the bar which in section
is thicker at one edge than the other.
Our improvements in the manufacture of tool holders consists in giving
their accurate shape when forging by driving them into a die of the form
required.
Our improvements also consist in arrangements for drilling the hole for the
cutter. We employ for this purpose a chuck or clamp, against two sides of
which the holder to be operated upon is secured by a clamp, the surfaces
against which the holder rests being of such inclination that the hole can be
bored by a drill vertical to the plane of the table upon which the chuck is
secured.
In countersinking and drilling the holes for the set screws which hold the
cutters our improvements consist in using a chuck or clamping apparatus
which will suit various sizes of holders. In the first or base part a vertical
hole is formed, in which bushes can be fitted to suit various sizes of holders;

page_text: this bush serves to guide the cutter which is used to countersink the hole for
the set screw this cutter is of peculiar form. it is like a square ended drill,
having a notch in it a little out of centre, so that the entire surface is cleared
away. In the hase part of the chuck at one side of the vertical hole, and
exactly opposite to its axis, a horizontal hole is formed equal in size (at least)
to the largest cutter hole, and in it a pin is fitted with an end or point exactly
of the same diameter as the hole in the holder for the cutter. When the
holder is to be secured this pin is pushed into the hole for the cutter, and
consequently retains it in a position opposite the cutter or drill for the set
screws. Upon the base part of the chuck there is a second part, which is
adjustable in a line perpendicular to the axis of the pin hole, and upon this
part there is another part adjustable in a line parallel to the axis of the pin
hole, and upon the latter part the holder is clamped against surfaces upon it
at the inclination required.
Another improvement consists in the chuck or clamp for adjusting the
holders upon the slotting machine table. A clamp is employed similar to
that used when drilling the hole for the cutter, and in combination with this
a jointed arm is used which carries a pin with a cone point; this arm is turned
over when setting the holder upon the table, and the pin carried by it will
then be vertical and exactly in the centre of the table; by forcing down the
pin into the hole for the cutter the holder is adjusted, when it is clamped, and
then the arm is turned back out of the way.
Another improvement consists in the manner of forming the concentric
grooves in the ends of the set screws; this is done by a chaser or rose drill or
cutter, all the grooves being made at the same time.
.
Another improvement relates to the manufacture of cutters, and consists in
a chuck for holding the pieces of steel which are severed at a particular
This chuck has
angle to form the cutters and to prevent waste of metal.
two fixed sides at the required inclination, so that a number of short lengths
of bar steel are placed in it side by side, the ends of the bars coming against
one end, then two clamps are brought down upon the upper surface of the ⚫
bars, and one clamp is caused to act at one side to press them against each
other, when they are secured ready to be operated upon.
Another part of our, Invention relates to machinery for grinding or
sharpening the cutters herein-before mentioned and other cutters, and consists
in an improved arrangement and combination of the grinding stone with the
other parts employed. The iron trough for the stone has its cavity extended
as low down below the stone as possible to form a receptacle for sediment,

page_text: which is removed at intervals from a mud hole in the side of the trough.
Grooves are formed in the trough in which a board can be fitted, and so as to
be slided close to the edge of the stone to prevent the splash of the water
upon the slide machinery, which is dished and inclined so that the water
which may fall upon it in grinding will run back to the trough. The traverse
movement of the second slide across the face of the stone is obtained from a
worm wheel upon a shaft working in a screw rack secured to the base slide.
The rest carried by the upper slide is mounted and made to pivot upon a
single bolt, which can be readily secured when the required angle is obtained.
The water nozzle carried by a jointed arm is fixed upon the upper slide and
not upon the swivel piece as hitherto. Knife cutters and other similar cutting
tools are held to be sharpened by an holder formed by open jaws and secured
by a set screw.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Ford Smith and Arthur Coventry in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY, of "Gresley Iron Works." Ordsal Lane,
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Ford Smith and Arthur Coventry, Her special licence that we,
the said William Ford Smith and Arthur Coventry, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Ford Smith and
Arthur Coventry, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOL HOLDERS AND CUTTERS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING
OR SHARPENING CUTTERS AND TOOLS USED IN LATHES IN PLANING AND OTHER

page_text: MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said William Ford Smith and Arthur
Coventry, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and scal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Ford Smith and Arthur
Coventry, to hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings
(that is to say)-
Our Invention relates to tool holders arranged for cutters which can
be replaced and readily adjusted therein, which said cutters are formed from
bar steel of uniform section, and are cut from the bar in lengths, and do not
require forging but simply tempering." when they can be used until worn
out, their edges being sharpened by grinding.
Our improvements are applicable to the right and left handed tool holders
where the cutting tool is placed at an angle of 45° to the length way of the
holder, and the object of our improvement is to secure the cutter more
firmly in the holder, which, we accomplish by two steel set screws (a) the
points of which are slightly convex and have a series of concentric grooves (a)
flat upon the face, but sharp upon the edges, as shown by Fig. 1. a section
showing one set screw in part of a holder, and Fig. 2 a view of the point end
of the set screw (a). Fig. 3 is a side, and Fig. 4 a plan view of our improved
holder in which c is the holder, b the cutter, and a the set screws. Fig. 5 is
a side view of another of our improved holders with two screws. one (²) at
the bottom and the other (a) at the side.
Another improvement consists in making the holders with a line (d) upon
them to facilitate the placing of the cutter (b) at the proper angle for cutting,
as shown in Fig. 4. A guage may also be used for adjusting the cutters (b)
to the proper height for lathe work.
Another improvement relates to holders for cutters suitable for screw
cutting and other work; Fig. 6 is a side view, Fig. 7a plan view, and
Fig. 8 an end view of this holder. The stem part (c') may be made rectangular
in section, but for screw cutting it is made round in section, so that it can be
turned and secured in the slide carriage at any required angle. In the end

page_text: of the holder and at a right angle to its length a hole is formed in which a
bolt (3) is fitted with a screw nut (a) at its upper side. A slot is cut through
the axis of this bolt (a) at a suitable angle (as shown in Fig. 6) in which
the cutter (b) is placed, and when the bolt is screwed tight the cutter (b) is
drawn firmly against a loose collar (a) upon the bolt, the collar having a
With this
slot in it at a suitable angle to suit the inclination of the cutter.
arrangement the bolt can be turned round and with it the cutter to any
required angle, and then secured by tightening the nut.
we use cutters severed from a bar of steel of uniform section, but thicker upon
one edge than the other, as shewn best in Fig. 8.
With this holder
Our improvements in the manufacture of tool holders consist in giving
them accurate shape when forging by driving them by percussion or pressure
into a die of the form required. The holder is forged roughly to the required
form and then driven when hot into a die similar to that illustrated by Fig. 9
a sectional view, and Fig. 10 a plan view.
Our improvements in the manufacture of tool holders also consist in
arrangements for drilling the hole for the cutter, which are illustrated by
Fig. 11 a side, and Fig 12 an end view of clamps or chucks for the purpose.
e is the base of the clamp which is provided with screws by which it can be
The upper surface
secured to and adjusted upon a drilling machine table.
of this clamp or chuck is inclined. as shewn, at such angles that when the
stem part (c) of the holder is secured upon it by the plate (e) and screws (e)
the end of the holder will be in such position that the hole can be drilled by
a drill (r) vertical to the table of the machine upon which the clamp or
chuck is secured.
In countersinking and drilling the holes for the set screws our improve-
ments consist in using a chuck or clamping apparatus which will suit varions
sizes of holders; this is represented by Fig. 13 a side elevation. partly in
section, and Fig. 14 a plan view.
be secured to and adjusted upon the table of the machine, and from the base
there is an upright part having a vertical hole in it to suit the largest size of
holders, and this hole has a bush in it, the bush (f) being changed to suit
each different size of hole: this bush fits and serves to guide the cutter (g)
which is used to countersink the hole or holes for the set screws (a).
cutter (g) is of pecular form shown by Fig. 15 an edge view, Fig. 16 a flat
view, and Fig. 17 an end view of the cutting end of the tool, it will be seen
that it is like a square ended drill having a notch in it a little out of centre,
In the upright of the
so that the entire surface of the hole is cleared away.
is the base part of the chuck which can
The

page_text: When the holder (c) is
base part () of the chuck (Fig. 13 and 14) there is another hole in a
horizontal position which is large enough to hold a pin equal (at least) to the
largest size of cutter required in a holder; this hole comes exactly opposite
this axis of the vertical hole, and in it a pin (b) is fitted with an end the
exact size of the hole in the holder for the cutter (b).
to be secured in the chuck the pin (6) is slided into the hole for the cutter (b),
and this consequently retains the holder in a position opposite the cutter (g)
or drill for the set screws. Upon the base part (f) of the chuck there is a
second part (h) which is adjustable in a line perpendicular to the axis of the
pin hole (b), and upon this part there is another part (k) adjustable in
a line parallel to the axis of the pin hole (6), and upon the latter part the
holder (c) is clamped by the plate (k) and screws (1) against surfaces at the
inclination required, as shown. When the chuck is adjusted for one size of holder
the same size of holder may be operated upon without further adjustment.
Another improvement consists in a chuck or clamp for adjusting the holders
upon the slotting machine table for the purpose of cutting away the super-
fluous metal round the front of the hole for the cutter (b): this is illustrated
by Fig. 18 a side, and Fig. 19 a plan view. e is a clamp fastened to the
table of the slotting machine, to which the holder (c) is secured, as shewn,
when adjusted; is a bracket which when fitted to the table will bring its
cone centre (F) to correspond exactly with the axis upon which the table
turns; this cone centre (F) can slide freely up and down in à socket formed in
a part (1) hinged to the bracket (1) at F. In using this apparatus the holder
(c) is placed loosely under the clamps, then the hinged part (1) is turned
from the position shewn in dotted line Fig. 18 (where it is out of the way)
to the position shewu in full line Figs. 18 and 19, then the cone point (F) is
pressed into the hole, and this adjusts the holder, which is, then clamped and
the hinged part (1) is then turned back. The same apparatus may be used
for adjusting the holder in the slotting machine for removing the metal
(as shewn at c, Fig. 1.) from that side of the cutter hole where the set
screws enter for the purpose of giving clearance for "burs" formed by the
ends of the set screws upon the cutters (b); the clamp then used for
securing the holder upon the slotting machine table while being operated
upon is that shewn by Fig. 11 and 12.
Another improvement consists in the manner of forming the concentric
grooves (a) in the ends of the set screws (see Figs. 1 and 2); this is done
by a chaser shewn by Fig. 20 a side view, and Fig. 21 an end view.
By this
tool or cutter all the grooves are made at the same time and at one operation.

page_text: Another improvement consists in a method and cutters for making round
holes into square holes or many-sided holes, such as are required for keys for
the set screws used in the holders, and also for square and other many-sided
holes in handles, and other articles used for various purposes. This is illustrated
by Fig 24 a side sectional view of the cutters employed, and Fig. 25 sections
of different cutters or of the hole at each stage of the process. This tool has
a successive series of cutting edges formed as shewn, the lowest cutting edge is
the smallest, and each cutting edge in succession is larger than the first. In
making a round hole into a square one we prefer to use three of these tools
cach tool having, say, five cutting edges, the first cutting edge (m) of the
second tool is larger than the last cutting edge (m) of the first tool and the
first cutting edge of the third tool is larger than the last cutting edge of
the second tool. The tools are forced through the holes in succession by au
hydraulic press.
n, Fig. 25, shows the result of the first, n' of the second,
and n of the third operation, care being taken in arranging the sizes of the
cutting edges so as not to take too much at one cut or by one cutting edge.
Another improvement relates to the manufacture of the cutters, and consists
in a chuck for holding the pieces of steel which are severed at a particular
angle to form the cutters and io prevent waste of metal. This chuck is
illustrated by Fig. 22 a section, and Fig. 23 a plan view. It has two sides
or ledges at the required inclination, so that a number of short lengths (b) of
bar steel are placed in it side by side, the ends of the bars coming against
one ledge (p) as shown; then two clamps (p) are brought down upon the
upper surface of the bars, and two screws (p*) are caused to act at one side
to press them against each other, and against the side ledge (p"), when they
are secured ready to be operated upon by the cutter of a shaping or other
suitable machine.
Another part of our Invention relates to machinery for grinding or
sharpening the cutters (b) herein-before mentioned and other cutters, and
consists in an improved arrangement and combination of grinding stone with
the other mechanism illustrated by Fig. 26 a side elevation, partly in section,
Fig. 27 a front elevation partly in section; and Fig. 28 a plan view of the
slides for holding the tools while being ground. a is the stone mounted upon
the axis (a) carried in bearings upon the cast-iron trough (b); a is the
driving pulley for the stone. The trough has its cavity as low down below
the stone as possible to form a receptacle for sediment which can be removed
at intervals from a mud hole (b) in the side of the trough. A slide (c) is
mounted upon a projection from the trough, which slide can move to and

page_text: from the face of the stone, and this slide is moved and adjusted by a handle (d)
upon the end of a screw shaft (d'), which works in a bearing in the projection
from the trough, and screws through a nut secured to the under side of the
slide (c). There is a collar on the shaft (d), and between this collar and
the bearing of the shaft in the projection from the trough a helical spring
is placed, so that the pushing action of the screw upon the slide (c) is made
elastic, consequently the cutter to be ground will not be pressed rigidly against
the face of the stone. Upon the slide (c) another slide (e) is mounted to slide
across the face of the stone, and this slide is actuated by a shaft () placed in
bearings in the slide (c), as shown, which shaft (f) has a worm (¹) upon it
which can slide upon the shaft endways, but is rotated by the shaft which has
a key groove made lengthway in it that fits a key in the worm (f), which
works between two projections (b') from the slide, and its thread gears with
a toothed rack (g) extending from end to end of the slide (c) to which it is
secured. The upper slide (e) has a vertical position (e) to which a rest (h)
is secured by a flange and bolt (h) which forms an axis upon which the rest
can turn, and when adjusted at any required angle it is secured by tightening
the bolt (¹). In the rest a clamp (2) is arranged which can turn upon its
axis which is vertical to the plane of the rest, and in this clamp the cutter or
tool is secured which is to be ground or sharpened, and this is done by
adjusting the cutter to the face of the stone by the screw (d) and traversing
it across the face of the stone by turning the shaft (f) forwards and backwards.
A piece of board (k) is fitted to slide in grooves in the projection from the
trough, so as to come against the face of the stone and prevent the "splash"
of the water upon the machinery of the slides, the slides being "dished" upon
their upper surfaces in such manner as to convey the water coming upon
them back to the trough, as shown. The water to be supplied to the cutter
or tools being ground is contained in a vessel (1) carried at the upper end of
a pillar (1) from the trough, and it is conveyed from this vessel through a
jointed pipe and by means of an india-rubber or other flexible tube (m) to a
short pipe carried by rods m' jointed upon the stand from the upper slide (e),
by means of which jointed rods the fluid can be caused to come exactly upon
the cutter. A rest (n) for hand grinding is placed at the back face of the
stone.
We have now particularly described the nature of our improvements and
the manner of carrying them into effect, and claim as our Invention,-
Firstly, the construction of tool holders as herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.

page_text: Secondly, the dies, chucks, clamps, and tools for the manufacture of tool
holders as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Thirdly, the system or method and tool or tools for making round holes
into square or many-sided holes, as herein-before described and illustrated by
the Drawings.
Fourthly, the combination and arrangement of machinery for grinding.
or sharpening cutters or tools, as herein-before described and illustrated by
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Coventry, on my own behalf and
on behalf of the said William Ford Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Queen's Chambers,
Market St.,
Manchester
ARTHUR COVENTRY. (..s.)