Ax IMPROVED METHOD OR IMPROVED METHODS OF ABSTRACTING HEAT PRON STEAM AND OTHER VAPOURS AND FLUIDS, APPLICABLE TO STILLS, BREWERIES, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JoHN
CHANTER, of Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, and WIL-
LIAM WITTY, late of Basford Cottage, near Newcastle, in the County of
Stafford, but now of No. 55, Commercial Road, Lambeth, in the said County
of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of July, in the fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Chanter and William Witty, His especial licence, that we, the said
John Chanter and William Witty, our exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Chanter and William Witty, our exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time,
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "Ax IMPROVED METHOD OR IMPROVED
METHODS OF ABSTRACTING HEAT PRON STEAM AND OTHER VAPOURS AND FLUIDS,
APPLICABLE TO STILLS, BREWERIES, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging us, or one of us, tho said John
Chanter and William Witty, by an instrument in writing under our or one
of our hands and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Chanter and William Witty, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention to consist in an improved arrangement of extended surfaces for
condensing vapours and cooling fluids, such surfaces being acted upon by a
cooling medium passing in a contrary direction to the matter from which the
heat is to be abstracted, and by which arrangement we are enabled to complete
repairs without loss of time and with great facility, to cleanse the apparatus
with very little difficulty, to occupy but a small comparative space with a
facility of enlarging the apparatus to any extent, to use comparatively a very
small quantity of water, and to obtain very large results in a very short space
of time; and in further compliance with the said proviso, we, the said John
Chanter and William Witty, do hereby describe the manner in which our said
Invention is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked

page_text: pipe R is then to be firmly soldered or affixed to the vessel A all the way up
the side. The vessel when completed is shewn at Fig. 3. The cistern H at
the top of the cold water pipe R is not soldered, but is fitted to the pipe R by
means of a short pipe; an enlarged view of this cistern H is shewn at
Fig. 5, exhibiting a vertical cross section of tho pipes R, r, r, &c., of Fig. 1.
The short descending pipes of tho cistern II are shewn at a, a, a, Fig. 5.
N is the cold water pipe; H, the cistern; R, r, r, r, &c., the descending pipes
of the vessels A, Fig. 1. This cistern receives the cold water from an engine
or any other convenient source, and the arrow shows how this water is made
to circulate through the vessel A; where several of those vessels, Fig. 3, havo
been constructed, all of the same dimensions, they are to be placed side by
side, one quarter of an inch apart, and are kept at equal distances by projecting
pieces of copper, k, k, k. A cistern with a perforated false bottom is then to be
prepared to receive the above-mentioned vessels. A section of this cistern, when
completed, and the vessels within it, is shewn at Fig. 4, where H is the cistern
which receives the supply of cold water; R, the cold water pipe which conveys
the water to the bottom of the vessel A. The water then gradually ascends
through the vessel A, and falls through the hot water pipe C, into the trough T,
at ✗, from whence it is conveyed where wanted by a pipe X, Fig. 1, of three
inches or other sufficient diameter. The wort required to be cooled by this
apparatus should be introduced into the cooler at the upper end, and the heat
will be most effectually abstracted when it passes through the cooler in an
opposite direction to the water and to its own exit. It may be brought, as in
Fig. 1, by a pipe W, of three inches or other sufficient diameter, into the
trough W, Fig. 4, where it gradually descends between the narrow spaces by
the sides of the vessels A, Fig. 1, and A, Fig. 4, and passes through the
perforated false bottom K, and is then drawn off when cooled to the required
temperature by the pipe P. The complete apparatus is shewn at Fig. 1,
where N is the pipe which supplies the cold water; H, the cistern or trough
which distributes that supply to all the cold water pipes R, r, r, r, which
descends to the bottom of the vessels A, through which the water ascends and
flows off at the top through the hot water pipes C. A section of this trough
is seen at W, Fig. 4. The hot wort so conveyed descends between the vessels
A and transfers the greater portion of its heat to the water ascending in those
vessels. It is afterwards drawn off by the pipe P and conveyed to the working
tuns or barrels, or other convenient reservoir. From the above instruc-
tions it will be seen that the water producing the cooling effect and the wort
to be cooled will have a considerable velocity, which is essential to the rapid
transfer of heat.
The above-described apparatus, consisting of twenty-four distinct, vessels, as

page_text: described in the above explanations and the Drawings hereto annexed, with
cistern &c., we consider to be capable of cooling from twenty to thirty barrels of
wort per hour.
In the Drawing marked B, Figure 6 represents our said Invention as
applied to a complete apparatus, shown in section, for a still, with some of its
parts drawn separately to shew its construction. D is a pipe which we call the
cold supply pipe; we prefer it when formed of copper, one sixteenth of an inch
thick. The top of this pipe is connected with an elevated reservoir of cold
water; the lower part is bent at a right angle as at d. H is a vessel of
iron or other suitable material, one inch thick and thirty inches square
inside by six inches deep or high. It has a flange at the top projecting two
and a half inches, except at the part h, where it projects seven inches, and it
is also furnished with an oblong opening on one side, shewn at A. This
opening is covered with a plate of iron or other suitable material, screwed up
tight, and which can be removed at pleasure to clear out any sediment
deposited on the bottom of H. G is a vessel thirty inches square inside, and
forty-eight inches in height; it has projecting flanges at x, x, x, x. The sides
at a, a, project so that the vessel is wider in this part, and has two covers E, E;
these covers, which we prefer formed of tinned copper, one eighth of an inch
thick, are each of them perforated with two hundred and fifty-six corresponding
apertures, one and a quarter inches diameter, and half an inch apart. A bird's-
eye view of the top cover is shewn at B; the under cover is similar; these
covers are screwed fast down on the flanges x, xx, x, and the edges soldered
together. i, i, are two tubes, of tin, pewter, tinned copper, or other suitable
material, the outer and larger, as herein-after described, one fiftieth of an inch
thick, and the inner or smaller one sixteenth of an inch thick. Each tube has
two apertures, k, k, and k, k, half an inch diameter; the distance from the
.centre of these apertures to the ends of the tubes is one inch and a half, but
the lower end of the inner tube is to be filled up with solder or other suitable
stuffing to the edge of the aperture, as marked in black in Fig. 6, to prevent
the lodgment of any of the condensed 'vapour therein. The smaller tubes 1, 1,
half an inch diameter and three sixteenths of an inch long, are to be placed in
the apertures above mentioned of the smaller tube i, and firmly soldered in their
places; the smaller tube i, with the projecting small tubes, is then to be placed
within the larger tube i, and so adjusted that the small tubes shall be made to
enter the apertures k, k, of the large tube and firmly soldered. The sectional
appearance of the tubes when thus placed is shown at M, and also an enlarged
view, exhibiting the ends of the double tubes, is shewn at X, X, where n, n, are
the circular disks, k, k, the short pipes for the entrance of the steam or vapour
into the inner tube i. The arrows mark the space between the tubes for the

page_text: flow of water. From these sections it will be seen that the outer surface of
the inner tube is at an equal distance from the inner surface of the outer tube;
this distance is one eighth of an inch. In the section M, the two ends of
the small and inner tube are closed by circular disks of copper, one inch
diameter, firmly soldered at n, n. This double tube is then complete, and
when two hundred and fifty-six of these double tubes have been constructed as
above directed, they are to be soldered at each end into the apertures already
described in the covers E, E, of the vessels G, as shewn. The cover K, with
its outlet pipe L, is then to be screwed by its flange to the top of G. The vapour
pipe N, which is enclosed in the pipe O, is screwed by its flange, C to the
opening of the vessel G; its upper flange is connected with the pipe C from
the still head. The pipe O has a flange at r, and also at 6; the flange r is
screwed to the small cistern R, which is furnished with a waste pipe P. The
flange bis screwed down on the projecting part a of the vessel G. The short
pipe L is screwed by a flange to the pipe O at m.
The following is a description of this apparatus when in action:-The
vapour pipe N being connected with the pipe C from the still head, the vapour
descends this pipe and enters the vessel G; the air contained in this vessel
will escape through the cock F, which is to be left open for that purpose;
the vessel G will then be filled with vapour, which will be in contact with the
outer surfaces of the outer or largest tubes, and also entering the small tubes
atk will be in contact with the inner surface of the inner tubes. The cold
supply pipe D being filled from an elevated reservoir will soon fill the vessel H,
and entering the spaces left between the tubes will produce an immediate and
powerful condensation of the vapour in contact with their surfaces in the
vessel G. The water continuing to rise, flows into the vessel K, and from
thence through the pipe L, where, coming in contact with the outer surface of
the vapour pipe N, it will, though very hot from the previous condensation,
produce a considerable condensation of the vapour in the vapour pipe N, and
will then flow into the cistern R, passing off by the waste pipe P within a
few degrees of that of the vapour from the still. As the condensation of
the vapour proceeds it will accumulate in the vessel G, and when it rises to the
dotted lines will begin to flow through the cock S, which is to be opened for
that purpose. As this portion of the spirit on the thin bottom or cover of the
vessel G is in contact with the surfaces of the pipes which first receive the
cold water, it will be most effectually cooled, and will flow from the cock S
nearly as cold as the water in the supply pipe D. The cock S is constructed
with a descending pipe inside the vessel G, which goes nearly to the bottom,
so as to draw off the coldest portion of the spirit; the lower cock T is intended
to draw off all the spirit after the operation. As the water ascends rapidly

page_text: in a thin stratum between the double pipes, there is a quick and continual
change of particles receiving the heat of the vapour. The above sized
apparatus is calculated for a still holding three thousand gallons.
In the Drawing marked C, Figure 7 represents our said Invention applied to
a condenser large enough to condense the steam of an engine of twenty horse
power; the pipes connecting the steam cylinder with the condenser and the
condenser with the air pump are shown for the purpose of more clearly
explaining. E, Fig. 7, is the eduction steam pipe, leading from the working
cylinder of the engine; A, the condensing vessel, containing 256 double tubes
similar to those we have above described for stills of the same size and
thickness of metal, but only half the length; one of these tubes singly is shewn
at N, where a is the entrance for the steam to the interior, and the arrow
shews the entrance for the water between the tubes. D is a pipe receiving
cold water from the cold water pump of the engine or other convenient source
of supply, and conveying it into the cistern C, which has a descending pipe,
shewn by the dotted lines, and which pipe opens into K at x; the water from
this cavity or cistern K then flows upwards through the narrow spaces left
between the tubes into the hot well H, from whence it passes through a pipe P
to a pool or waste. V is a short pipe leading to the air pump of the engine.
The vessel A has a blow valve similar to those generally used in the con-
densers of steam engines. When the engine is at work the following is the
operation of the apparatus described:-The eduction pipe E receives the
steam from the cylinder of the engine and conveys it into A among the tubes,
while at the same time the pipe D receives cold water from the cold water
pump of the engine, which, from the cistern C being elevated above the
hot well H, is caused to flow through and upwards through the narrow
spaces between the tubes into the hot well H. From the surface of the tubes
being thus kept at a low temperature, a very quick condensation of the steam
will take place in the vessel A, and a vacuum sufficient to work the engine
to its required effect will be maintained in the said vessel; the water resulting
from the condensation of the steam, together with any uncondensed elastic
vapour, will be drawn through the pipe V by the operation of the air pump,
and this water, which will be pure condensed steam, can then be returned
to the boiler by the operation of a small force pump as at present used, or by
any other suitable contrivance. Now, by the use of our double tubes, as
described, we are enabled to expose a great extent of cooling surfaco in a
small space, and from the rapid flow of water and the thinness of the metal wo
produce a very effective condensation. It is evident that the principle of the
apparatus herein-before described as applicable to the cooling brewers' wort,
might be made equally applicable to the condensation of steam from steam

page_text: engines, provided only that proper means of support were placed within the
chambers to counteract the outward pressure when the vacuum is formed
within, and provided also that suitable means were provided for the introduc-
tion of the steam from the engine into the chambers.
But whereas wo claim as our Invention,-
First, the apparatus for cooling or abstracting heat from fluids, herein-before
described as applied to cooling brewers' wort, but which it is evident is equally
applicable to the cooling of other fluids.
Secondly, the apparatus herein-before described for cooling or abstracting heat
from, and thus condensing the vapours from, stills and other the like machines.
And, lastly, the application of the apparatus herein-before last described
to the cooling or abstracting heat from and thus condensing the steam
which has been used in steam engines; and such our Invention being, to the
best of our knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never before used within
that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, His said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, we do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same, and
that we do verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all respects,
fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore, we do hereby claim to
maintain exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention; we do not,
however, confine ourselves to the exact size or thickness of materials or number
of vessels used to form the above apparatus.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Chanter and William Witty, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Nineteenth day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
JOHN (L.S.) CHANTER.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named John Chanter, in the
presence of
WILLIAM (LS.) WITTY.
GEO. CORYNDON,
Sol', Plymouth.
And also a Master Extra. in Chancery.