IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Nuttall, of Walmersley, near Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Pattern Designer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS."
Sealed the 17th September 1858, and dated the 25th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Nuttall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1858.
I, JAMES NUTTALL, of Walmersley, near Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Pattern Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
I connect the drop box to a lever which is raised or lowered by a cone
pulley, round which a chain revolves with different lengths of links and pins.
The cone pulley is furnished with steps and recesses to admit of the different
lengths of pins in the chain. The lever is also raised or lowered by a cam
or tappet wheel or a chain, both of which are put in motion according to the
pattern desired by two separate intermittent wheels which are acted upon by
a wheel with flanges on both sides, and furnished with a moveable pin to the
end of which is attached a section of the flange. The said flanged wheel is
driven by a pinion and carrier wheels. The moveable pin is moved laterally
by a spring swell and lever to which is attached a finger, and is put in
motion by a third intermittent wheel, which is acted upon by the flanged
wheel and moveable pin. On the shaft of this third intermittent wheel is a
perforated cylinder with two rows of holes, round which revolves a straight
or twisted chain with lags or cards perforated according to the pattern

page_text: required, and which is acted upon by the finger and lever. This motion is
I also connect the
applicable to all kinds of index and jacquard machines.
drop box to a lever which is raised or lowered by a cam or tappet wheel, or
a chain put in motion either in one direction or the other by a moveable
intermittent wheel which is acted upon by pins projecting from two bevil
wheels with flanges driven in opposite directions. To one of these bevil
wheels I attach a spur wheel driven by the pinion wheel, the said bevil wheel
driving a small bevil wheel in the centre, which drives the other bevil wheel.
The moveable intermittent wheel is made to move laterally into gear with
one or the other of the bevil wheels or into the centre by a fork, swell, spring,
and lever, to which are attached two fingers of different lengths acting on a
straight or twisted chain, lags, or cards, with two, three, or any convenient
number of rows of holes perforated according to the required pattern, which
revolves round a moveable cylinder also perforated, and to which motion is
given by an intermittent wheel driven by a pin projecting from one of the
bevil wheels. The moveable cylinder is made to move laterally by means of
a fork, spring, and lever acting on a cam or tappet wheel, to which is attached
an intermittent wheel with a flange driven by two or more intermittent wheels
with flanges driving each other by pins projecting from each of the inter-
mittent wheels, the first being driven by a pin projecting from one of the
bevil wheels. This motion is also applicable to all sorts of index and
jacquard machines, and to rotary shuttle boxes with two, three, or more rows
of boxes, and two, three, or more boxes in each row, which are raised or
lowered, and a rotary motion given to them at the same time.
To obtain a jacquard or shedding motion I furnish the jacquard machine
with one or more rows of needles which are acted upon by springs, each
needle having two eyes or recesses to admit of two or more rows of hooks.
The said needles are acted upon by perforated cards revolving round a per-
forated cylinder, to the end of which I attach an intermittent wheel acted
upon by a pin projecting from an eccentric wheel to which is attached a
flange and spur wheel driven by a bevil wheel. There are two hooks to one
heald shaft, and one row of hooks draws the top side of the shed up at the same
time as the other row of hooks is drawing the bottom side of the shed down
by cams on the shafts of two wheels which are driven by the spur wheels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Nuttall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NUTTALL, of Walmersley, near Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Pattern
Designer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Nuttall, Her special licence that I, the said James Nuttall,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Nuttall, my executors, administrators, and assigus, should at any time agreo
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Looms," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Nuttall,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Nuttall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,.
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):
:-
My said Invention consists in various improved arrangements for shifting
the shuttle boxes employed in fancy looms, and also improved shedding and
jacquard motions, which improvements will be clearly understood by reference.
to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, with the figures and letters of
reference thereon.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is a front elevation of the framing of a loom baving one
of my improved drop-box motions, and also one of my improved shedding.
motions attached; Fig. 2 is a transverse view of the shedding motion;. Fig..3,
a transverse view of the drop-box motion; and Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, and 14 are detached views of some of the principal parts..
In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of another improved drop-

page_text: box and shedding motions; Fig. 2, a transverse elevation of the shedding
motion; Fig. 3, a transverse elevation of the drop-box motion; and Figs. 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are detached views of some of
the parts.
In Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 1, I represent the framing of a loom having one
of my improved drop-box motions attached, and in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
18, and 14 some of the parts in detail. The drop box is shewn at a, con-
nected by means of intermediate rods and levers to the main working lever b,
which is raised or lowered as required by means of a chain c with different
lengths of links and pins, which chain is carried round by a double. cone
pulley d, furnished with steps and recesses in order to admit of the different
lengths of pins in the chain, and raise or lower the top of the chain according
to the depths of the recesses and lengths of the pins, thereby raising or
lowering the lever b and also the boxes. On the shaft or stud of the double
cone pulley I place a cam or tappet e adapted for working two boxes, which
cam may either be employed separately or conjointly with the cone pulley,
an intermittent wheelf being employed to turn the cam, and another
intermittent wheel 9 to turn the cone pulley. The curved parts of the afore-
said intermittent wheels fit flanges on both sides of a toothed wheel h fur-
nished with a moveable pin i, to the end of which is attached a section of the
flange k, the pin having a spring to give the return movement. The said
flanged wheel is driven by a pinion on the crank shaft and carrier wheel m,
all being in motion when the loom is working. The moveable pin is so
formed as to give at each revolution motion to the intermittent wheel f, and
also to a third intermittent wheel n, to which the perforated boss o is attached
for carrying the pattern chain p, and the said moveable pin is moved laterally
by coming in contact as it revolves with a swell on the lever q, when the pin r
on the same lever is held up by the pattern chain p, the moveable pin coming
out so as to turn the intermittent wheel g and cone pulley d; but when the
pin r falls into a hole in the pattern chain and boss, the swell of the lever
rises and prevents any lateral action on the moveable pin, thereby maintaining
the intermittent wheel g and cone pulley d in a stationary position, so that
any number of picks may be thrown according to the pattern on the chain p.
The pin r is relieved from the chain at each revolution of the wheel h by the
boss s of the moveable pin coming in contact with the arm t so as to allow
the chain to move onwards, which chain is either plain or twisted. It will be
perceived that at each revolution of the spur wheel h the moveable pin turns.
the intermittent wheels f and n and also the tappet wheel e, and the per-
forated cylinder o one-sixth of a revolution, the pin being raised to allow

page_text: the movement to go on, the intermittent wheel 9 and cone pulley being
stationary when the pin falls into a hole in the pattern chain p, and allowed
to turn when the pin rests upon a blank u in the said chain. It will
be understood that the pattern chain p can move any number of times
round to one or more revolutions of the chain c, and also that when the cam
or tappet e is employed singly small patterns can be woven with great facility,
and when in combination with the cone pulley a great variety and length of
pattern can be made.
In Figs. 1 and 2 (Sheet 1), representing one of my improved shedding
motions, and in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 some of the details, I employ double
tappet chains a' which revolve round cylinders 61 made of the shape of
the links of the chains. To each of these cylinders is attached a wheel c¹,
one of which is driven by the pinion d' on the crank shaft, and the other by
the carrier wheel e' which works on a stud connected to the framing. These
chains are furnished with links or risers f¹, and when there is a riser in one
chain there is invariably no riser in the other. One chain draws the top side
of the shed up at the same time as the other chain draws the bottom side of
the shed down by treddles g¹ working on a stud h¹ projecting from the
framing half way from each chain. These treddles are furnished with two
bowls or pulleys k³, each of which is acted upon by the risers of the chains.
In Figures 1 and 3 (Sheet 2) I represent another improved drop-box
motion; and in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, various details of the
same. The drop box a is connected by means of intermediate rods and levers
to the working lever b, which is raised or lowered by a chain or cam or
tappet c put in motion either in one direction or the other by the moveable
intermittent wheel d, which is acted upon by pins projecting from two flanged
bevil wheels e and f driven in opposite directions. To the bevil wheel e is
attached a spur wheel g which is driven by the pinion on the crank shaft
of the loom. The bevil wheel e drives the small bevil wheel i in the centre,
which drives the other bevil wheel f. The moveable intermittent wheel dis
moved laterally into gear with one or other of the bevil wheels e and f, or.
into the centre by the fork k, spring 1, and lever m, to which are attached two
fingers n of different lengths, the positions of which are governed by the
pattern chain o with two, three, or any convenient number of rows of holes
perforated according to the required pattern; the said chain is carried round
by the revolving cylinder p, which is also perforated, the motion being given
by the intermittent wheel 7 driven by a pin projecting from the bevil wheel é.
The fingers n are lifted from the moveable cylinder p, which is shewn in the
Drawing in the act of turning by the cam or swell 7 behind the spur wheel Y;

page_text: Fig. 10, and when there are two perforations in the chain o for the fingers to
fall into, the bevil wheel e turns the intermittent wheel d and the cam c
forward one-sixth of a revolution. When there is no perforation in the
chain o the bevil wheel f turns the intermittent wheel d and the cam e
backwards one-sixth of a revolution, and when there is one perforation in the
chain for the long finger only the intermittent wheel d, the cam c, and con-
sequently the shuttle boxes, remain stationary. The moveable cylinder p is
moved laterally by means of a projection or swells on a small intermittent
wheelt driven by another intermittent wheel u, acted on by a pin on the
large intermittent wheel q, driven by the bevil wheel e, each revolution of
which drives the intermittent wheel 2 one-eighth of a revolution, and each
revolution of the latter drives the intermittent wheel u one-tenth of a revo-
lution, and the latter drives the intermittent wheel t one-twelfth of a
revolution. The moveable cylinder p can be either moved laterally, and the
fingers n act on another row in the chain, or left in the same position at each
shift of the intermittent wheel t and swell s. By a combination of the cam c,
the chain o, the moveable cylinder p, and the small intermittent wheels u
and t, great variety and length of pattern may be effected. For patterns of
six or eight inches there is no necessity for giving a lateral motion to the
cylinder, and also the small intermittent wheels u and t may be dispensed
with.
In Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 2, I represent another of my improved shedding
motions, Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 being some of the parts in detail. To any
suitable loom I apply a jacquard cylinder, shewn detached at a', Fig. 4, which
revolves, but does not move to and fro, the said cylinder being driven by the
intermittent wheel 6. I also apply one or more rows of needles which are
acted upon by springs, each needle having two projections c¹, Fig. 6 & 7, to
admit of two rows of hooks between them. The said needles are governed
by perforated cards or lags carried round by the aforesaid perforated cylinder
a. The intermittent wheel is acted upon by pins projecting from a wheel
d to which is attached a flange. The wheel d¹ is driven by another wheel e¹
geared into the pinion f¹ on the crank shaft of the loom. There is a tappet
g' on each of the wheels e¹ and d', having two bowls h', which give motion to
the lifter k', which raises the hooks, and at the same time gives a downward
motion to the faller on which the bottom of the hooks rest. The needles
are drawn back from the cylinder before it begins to turn by swells on the
shaft m acting ou prongs n¹ attached to each needle in that row.
of hooks is connected to the other row of hooks by cords o' passing round the
pulley p, each treddle q being fast to only one side of each cord. There are.
One row

page_text: two hooks to one heald, and one row of hooks draws the top side of the
shed up at the same time as the other row of hooks draws the bottom side of
the shed down.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth,
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge
and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm,-
Firstly, the double cone pulley, having steps or recesses of different depths,
adapted to a chain of different lengths of links and pins, so that as the
pulley revolves the top of the chain will be raised or lowered.
Secondly, the moveable pin and the mode of working it, so as to operate
upon two or more intermittent wheels.
Thirdly, giving a lateral motion to the pattern cylinder by means of a swell
and intermittent wheels.
Fourthly, the employment of two tappet chains for raising and falling the
treadles and healds for the purpose of making the shed, and also the employ-
ment of a pattern jacquard cylinder which only revolves on its axis, not
moving to and fro, for the purpose of governing the motion of the needles
and books, which latter raise and fall the treddles and healds for making the
shed.
And, fifthly, the general arrangement and combination of my improvements
as all such are herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying two
Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Nuttall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named James Nuttall, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES NUTTALL. (L.S.)