Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 28th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1897
Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
I, JOHN GILMOUR AYTON, of 138 Duke Street, in the County of the City of
Glasgow; Pastry Baker, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows::
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction
of bakers' ovens of the class heated by gas and principally used for the manu-
facture of fancy bread and pastry, and. has for its object the more equal
application of the heat to the top as well as the bottom and so obviate the
common defect of the heat being greater at the lower part of the oven than at
the top.
In carrying into practice the improvements of this invention the oven would
preferably be made principally of cast iron and of a rectangular form having a
foot at each corner to raise it to the desired height, and be provided with double
walls except in front where the door would be hinged, preferably to swivel down-
wards, so as to rest on brackets formed in or secured to the oven front for the
purpose.
The oven proper to receive the articles to be baked and the heating appliances
would be formed as a rectangular box within the outer casing walls, between
which and the internal oven, a space would be left at the sides, back, and top
which would be packed with asbestos, or other non-conducting material. The
walls of the internal oven would rest on the bottom of the external casing and
would support horizontal plates or partitions resting on ledges and dividing the,
space into four divisions, having a top cover over all. The lower gas heating
tubes would be led into the lowest division, above which a division would serve.
as an air space to prevent the heat striking the bottom plate of the oven too
strongly, while above the top plate of the oven upper gas heating tubes would be,
fitted. Above these upper gas heating tubes a fire clay cover would be placed,
resting on ledges, to absorb and reflect or give out the heat in a downward
direction on the top of the oven. The gas heating tubes may be perforated tubes,
or equivalent burners supplied with air through openings in the front plate of the
oven or they may be formed on the "Bunsen" principle drawing their air supply
in with the gas, and doors or other openings may be fitted or formed in the front
plate of oven for the purpose of lighting the gas, admitting air or allowing of an
examination of the tubes. Vertical pipes or ducts would be fitted in the space
between the walls to lead off the products of combustion from both the lower
and upper beating divisions to the top of oven where they may be allowed to
escape or whence they may be conducted to any flue or chimney. The space
around these escape pipes would be packed with asbestos as mentioned.
Doors, gratings or other openings may be formed around the sides and back
through the double walls to admit air to the burners, or for other purposes, aud
a small plate or plates may rest on projections on the double walls around the
lower part of the oven to support the asbestos packing and preserve an open space
between the walls at the bottom.
Dated 18th der of Ebru 1000

page_text: Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
I, JOHN GILMOUR-AYTON, of 138 Duke Street, in the County of the City of
Glasgow, Pastry Baker, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and
in what manner the same, is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction
of bakers' ovens of the class heated by gas and principally used for the manu-
facture of fancy bread and pastry, and has for its object the more equal
application of the heat to the top as well as the bottom and so obviate the
common defect of the heat being greater at the lower part of the oven than
at the top.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended a sheet of explanatory drawings in which Figure 1 is a front elevation
of a gas heated bakers' oven, Figure 2 a transverse sectional elevation and Figure 3
a longitudinal sectional elevation on the line 1-1 in Figure 2.
In carrying into practice the improvements of this invention the oven is
preferably made principally of cast iron and of a rectangular form having a foot
at each corner to raise it to the desired height, and is provided with double
walls A A' except in front at the part where the door B is hinged, preferably to
swivel downwards on the hinges B¹ so as to rest when open on brackets C formed
on or secured to the oven front for the purpose.
The oven proper to receive the articles to be baked and the heating appliances
is formed as a rectangular box with walls A' within the outer casing walls A
between which and the internal oven a space is left at the sides, front back, and
top which is packed with asbestos or other non-conducting material D. The
walls A of the internal oven rest on the bottom of the external casing and support
horizontal plates or partitions a a¹ a² a resting on ledges and dividing the space
into four or as shown it may be five divisions, having a top cover at over all. The
lower gas heating tubes E El resting on supports are led from the supply pipe E
into the lowest division, above which a division between the plates a and a' serves
as an air space to prevent the heat striking the bottom plate of the oven too
strongly, while above the top plate of the oven upper gas heating tubes E' are
fitted. Above these upper gas heating tubes a fire clay cover may be placed,
resting on ledges, to absorb and reflect or give out the heat in a downward direction
on the top of the oven.
Instead of a fire clay cover a plate a preferably corrugated may be used, as
shown in the drawings, supporting a mass of asbestos or other non-conducting
material packed between it and the top cover a, and another plate a also
preferably corrugated, may be suspended below the plate as above the gas heating
tubes to assist in reflecting the heat downwards. The gas heating tubes may be
as shown perforated tubes or equivalent burners supplied with air through grated
openings A in the front plate of the oven or they may be formed on the "Bunsen "
principle drawing their air supply in with the gas, in which case doors or other
openings may be fitted or formed in the front plate of oven for the purpose of
lighting the gas, admitting air or permitting examination of the tubes. Vertical
pipes or ducts F, F', F' are fitted in the space between the walls to lead off the
products of combustion from both the lower and upper heating divisions to the top.
of oven where they are allowed to escape or whence they may be conducted to
any flue or chimney. The vertical pipes F are carried up on each side of the
oven, are bent and carried transversely across the upper part close beneath the
plate a through holes formed in the walls A' and their bent up ends discharge

page_text: the products of combustion into the duct F¹ formed by the hood G suspended from
the top plate A' over the upper part of oven. Ducts Fare formed by the plates H
rivetted or secured to the side walls A' for the escape of the products of com-
bustion from the upper gas heating tubes E' which passing through holes in the
side walls A' find their way to the chimney I.
The space around these escape pipes and ducts is packed with asbestos as
mentioned.
Doors, gratings, or other openings may be formed around the sides and back
through the double walls to admit air to the burners, or for other purposes, and a
small plate or plates may be fitted to rest on projections on the double walls around
the lower part of the oven to support the asbestos packing and preserve an open
space between the walls at the bottom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The construction of gas heated bakers' ovens all substantially as herein
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Second. In gas heated bakers' ovens the fitting of upper and lower gas heating
tubes in combination with heat circulating tubes and ducts and non heat conducting
packing material all substantially as herein described and illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 27th day of October 1896.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.