IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY PASSENGER CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Egmont Feldtmann, of No. 16, Mark Lane, in
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY PASSENGER
CARRIAGES." A communication from abroad by Baron Nicolaus de
Derschan, of the City of St. Petersburg, Empire of Russia, Engineer,
11
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Egmont Feldtmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patent, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1872.
I, EGMONT FELDTMANN, of No. 16, Mark Lane, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY PASSENGER
CARRIAGES," a communication to him from abroad by Baron Nicolaus de
Derschan, of the City of St. Petersburg, Empire of Russia, Engineer,
Councillor of Court in the Russian Service, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a peculiarly constructed apparatus intended
for the heating and ventilating of railway passenger carriages.

page_text: By the principle which I adopt the outside or atmospheric air enters
a funnel underneath the carriage, and is then heated by the assistance
of steam pipes, and after the air which is so heated has passed into the
different compartments of the carriage in such manner that passengers
do not perceive the slightest current of air but experience an even
temperature inside the carriage, the heated air will escape again by a
ventilator constructed in the roof of the carriage. I gain thereby my
object of having a continual supply of fresh heated air inside the
carriage.
To arrive now at the aforesaid object I place underneath the railway
carriage in its full length a heating box made of wood or other material
covered with non-conducting substances, such as felt or other non-
conducting material, so as to prevent the loss of heat by sudden cooling.
This heating box carries in its centre à small case of sheet iron divided
by a horizontal partition into two compartments of different sizes. The
upper compartment, which is the smallest of the two, receives the steam
through a pipe which communicates with a heater attached to the train,
and the steam is so passed into a number of pipes which run throughout
the interior of the heating box to produce the heated air in the heated
box. The steam then passes into the lower compartment of the case to
allow the water formed by condensation to run out. The lower part
of the heating box communicates with every compartment of the
carriage through other pipes, which end in horizontal pipes pierced with
holes and which run along under the seats of the carriage. In this
manner the air in the heating box is heated by coming in contact with
the steam pipes and will penetrate into the compartments of the carriage.
The air will then escape again through the upper part or ceiling by
means of any known ventilators. By this plan I effect at the same
time the heating and ventilating of the passengers' carriages.
What I consider as my Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,-
Firstly. The heating of the carriages as produced by aid of a circuit of
steam tubes for heightening the temperature of the air contained in a
heating box, in which the air is continually renewed for the purpose
of penetrating into the spaces to be heated above until its temperature
is sufficient, it will then escape, making room for fresh air which is
sucked up by tlie aid of funnels.

page_text: Secondly. The ventilation as produced by a ventilating apparatus
placed in the upper part or roof of the carriage, which allows the heated
air to escape from the compartments.
I wish further to point out that when the heating is no longer
required the apparatus is still very useful to produce ventilation, as it
continually admits the fresh air by a funnel attached to the heating box.
After circulating in the compartments the air escapes through the top
or other ventilators constructed in the roofs of the carriages.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Egmont Feldtmann in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EGMONT
FELDTMANN, of No. 16, Mark Lanc, in the City of London, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Egmont Feldtmann, Her special licence
that I, the said Egmont Feldtmann, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Egmont Feldtmann, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY PASSENGER CARRIAGES," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Baron Nicolaus de Derchan, of the City of
St. Petersburg, Empire of Russia, Engineer, Councillor of Court in the
Russian Service, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Egmont Feldtmann, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Egmont Feldtmann, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :---
My Invention consists of a peculiarly constructed apparatus intended
for the heating and ventilating of railway passenger carriages.
By the principle which I adopt the outside or atmospheric air enters
a funnel underneath the carriage, and is then heated by the assistance
of steam pipes, and after the air which is so heated has passed into the
different compartments of the carriage in such manner that passengers.
do not perceive the slightest current of air, but experience an even
temperature inside the carriage, the heated air will escape again by a
ventilator constructed in the roof of the carriage. I gain thereby my
object of having a continued supply of fresh heated air inside the
carriage.
To arrive now at the aforesaid object I place underneath the railway
carriage in its full length a heating box made of wood or other material
covered with non-conducting substances, such as felt or other non-con-
ducting materials, so as to prevent the loss of heat by sudden cooling.
This heating box carries in its centre a smaller case of sheet iron
divided by a horizontal partition into two compartments of different
sizes. The upper compartment, which is the smaller of the two, receives
the steam through a pipe which communicates with a heater attached
to the train, and the steam is so passed into a number of pipes which
run throughout the interior of the heating box to produce the heated
air in the heating box. The steam then passes into the lower com-
partment of the case to allow the water formed by condensation to run
out. The lower part of the heating box communicates with the atmo-
spheric air by a tubular knee pipe in the shape of a funnel placed into
the lower partition wall of the heating box, the upper part of which
heating box communicates with every compartment of the carriage
through other pipes, which end in horizontal pipes pierced with holes
and which run along under the seats of the carriage. In this manner
the air in the heating box is heated by coming in contact with the
steam pipes and will penetrate into the compartments of the carriage.

page_text: The air will then escape again through the upper part or ceiling by
means of ventilators. By this plan I effect at the same time the heating
and ventilating of the passengers' carriages.
In order that the nature of my said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed may be particularly described and
ascertained, I append to this Specification a Sheet of Drawings having
figures and letters of reference marked thereupon, the like letter being
used to denote a similar or corresponding part in each Figure, and I now
proceed to describe my Invention with reference to these Drawings.
The heating apparatus consists of a wooden box a fixed underneath
the carriage, its dimensions being dependent on the number of compart-
ments to be heated and on the number of steam pipes. The size and
number of heating pipes is calculated according to the maximum
quantity of heat to be produced within one hour. To prevent the heat
from being lost the box a is covered outside with a thick coating of
felt. The said box is also covered inside and outside with thin sheet
iron. The iron heating pipes b open into the concentrating box c, c¹,
which is of cast iron and divided by a horizontal partition into two
parts of unequal size; the upper part c where the steam is to be con-
centrated is the smaller one of the two. On each side of the concen-
trating box are four heating pipes b, which come out of the upper part c
and run right and left through the whole heating box a. They bend
afterwards and come back into the under part c¹ of the concentrating
box. The steam is brought from a separate boiler placed in the train,
say, for example, between ten carriages in a guard's carriage. The
steam conducting pipe d of the boiler is provided on each side of the
boiler with a cock. This steam pipe d is fixed beneath all the carriages,
and the junction between every carriage is made by means of a vul-
canized india-rubber pipe o provided with a tubular screw. Each such
junction is so made as not to form a bag where water might gather,
and at the extremity of every carriage the pipe is provided with a
valve through which the condensed water can flow out. The steam is
admitted from the conducting pipe into the heating apparatus of every
carriage through a cock f, which can be easily handled and is opened
more or less according to the distance between the carriage and the
boiler. The admittance of steam into the heating apparatus has to be
regulated but once when the train starts. This regulation is effected
by means of an articulated rod. After having been admitted to the

page_text: heating pipes the steam begins condensing, and the condensed water is
then gathered into the under part c¹ of the concentrating box, from
which it falls off freely by means of a cock which is opened more or less
according to circumstances.
The necessary draft in the heating apparatus is produced by means
of a pipe fixed in the middle of every carriage to the air heating box,
such pipe is provided with a funnel g¹-capable of being shifted -so as-to-
be always in the same direction in which the train is running. The
said funnel is provided with a sieve so as to prevent sand or any similar
materials from entering into the pipe. The cold air from outside enters
into the heating box a through the above-mentioned funnel, it is then
heated by means of the steam heating pipes & up to the temperature
desired, such temperature being dependent on the circumstances which
may cool the inside of the carriages and on the volume of the ventilation
air. The heated air enters into the carriages by means of the pipe h
and the conducting pipe i placed under every seat in the carriage. In
order that the stream of heated air shall be quite imperceptible to the
passengers, boxes of sheet iron can be adapted beneath every seat.
Such boxes are provided with holes, the size of which increases from
the middle towards the edges. The number and size of such holes arc
so calculated that the heated air does only stream out at a very slow
rate. The air heating box a is separately closed up for every carriage.
On the roof of every carriage is fixed à syphon ventilator k, the .diameter
of which is equal to that of the two conducting pipes i. The draft is
produced by means of a pipe which stands above the roof and is pro-
vided with a cap, a horizontal partition 7 placed inside of the carriage
forms a means of regulating the action of the ventilator, and another
`partition m fixed into each of the conducting pipes regulates also the
streaming of heated air into the carriages. Every carriage is provided
with a thermometer.
The above pneumatic steam heating apparatus which I have invented
is the most perfect of all which have been proposed for passengers'
carriages, and there is not one apparatus which has been employed up
to the present day for the same purpose which can compete with it.
My apparatus answers all the necessities of the service, and is com-
paratively cheaper than any other steam apparatus with direct heating

page_text: --
The principal advantages of my Invention are the following:-
1. The steam never meets with the condensed water and the latter
can flow away quite easily. Moreover, the apparatus does not from
its construction admit of the formation of any water bags, so that the
water cannot be frozen in the pipes even by the most severe cold.
Lastly, all shocks and noises produced by steam when it comes into
contact with cold condensed water are removed by means of my
apparatus.
2. When the apparatus begins to work the air existing inside the
pipes is easily driven off without employing air valves, thus preventing
the pressure of air inside the steam pipes which would be very pre-
judicial to the production of heat.
3. The whole steam apparatus is outside the carriages, so that if by
chance the steam pipes were to break no steam could flow inside the
carriages when the air box has been closed.
4. The ventilation of the carriage by means of my apparatus is so
effected that the total volume of air inside the carriage is renewed about
eight times within one hour, and the draft by the windows is reduced
to a minimum on account of the great quantity of heated air which
streams into the carriage.
5. With my apparatus the temperature is regulated much easier than
with any ordinary apparatus with direct steam heating surface, it being
well known that in such apparatuses the valves, if kept closed by
negligence, can easily be frozen by severe cold.
6. In summer when it is not necessary to heat the carriages, my
apparatus can also be employed as a ventilating apparatus without
opening the windows, which is especially comfortable when the weather
is damp.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is effected, I wish it
to be understood that what I claim as being new and patentable is,—
Firstly. The heating and ventilating of railway passengers' carriages
by means of a draft of heated air entering from a heating box into the
carriages beneath the seats and streaming out by a ventilator fixed in
the roof of the same carriages, the said draft being imperceptible to the
passengers.

page_text: Secondly. The heating of the draft of air in the heating box by means
of steam pipes 6 bended in the form of knees and opening in a con-
centrating box divided by a partition into two parts c, c', the upper one
of which c, gathers the steam and the lower one c¹ the water condensed
inside the heating pipes.
Thirdly. The combination of apparatus for bringing in and forcing
out the air in order to heat and ventilate railway carriages, the said
apparatuses consisting of the funnel g, the pipe h, the heating box a,
the conducting pipes i, the ventilator k, and the partitions and m, with
the steam heating apparatus, consisting of the steam conducting pipes d,
the india-rubber pipe o, the concentrating box-c, c', the knee bended
pipes b, the cocks e and f, all as they are described and for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Egmont Feldtmann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
EGMONT FELDTMANN. (L.S.)