A GAS STOVE FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wyman, of Southgate Street, in the City of
Gloucester, Gas Engineer, for an Invention of "A GAS STOVE FOR HEATING
AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wyman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
WILLIAM WYMAN, of Southgate Street, in the City of Gloucester, Gas Engineer.
"A GAS STOVE FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
For the purpose of this Invention I make two metallic shells of iron, copper, or
other suitable metal, and, preferably of a cylindrical shape, the one of somewhat
less diameter than the other, and each of them open at both ends, and I make in
each shell, as near as possible to one of the margins thereof, two or more apertures
of similar size. Then placing the one shell within the other in such a way that
the apertures in each may be exactly opposite those in the other, I connect the
shells to one another by inserting into the apertures metallic tubes of the same size,
and securing their edges to the margins of the apertures by lapping, rivetting, or
in any other convenient way, so that the joints shall be as nearly as may be
gas-tight; then placing the two shells so connected to one another in a vertical
position, so that the margins which are thus connected together shall be uppermost.
I make two other metallic shells, the one a little smaller than the smallest of the
two so connected, and the other a little larger than the largest. I then place the
smallest shell inside, and the largest shell outside the combined pair, so that
the four shells shall be concentrically arranged, and I unite the uppermost margins.
of the two innermost shells together, and also the upper and lower margins.
respectively of the two outermost shells. The union in each case may be effected
by means of metallic castings of appropriate shape, to which the margins of the
shells may be attached, or by pieces of sheet metal cut to shape, and lapped over.
the margins of the shells, the plates or castings being fastened to the shells in each
case by seams, or rivets, or by any other convenient mode of junction which will
allow of the joints being made as nearly as may be gas-tight. I then make two
apertures of equal size in the outermost shell in the same vertical line with one
another, one as near the top, and the other as near the bottom of the shell as
possible, and I insert into these apertures two metal tubes of the same size as the

page_text: .
apertures, and of equal length with one another, and I fix them in the apertures in
a gas-tight manner, so that they shall be at right angles to the shell. I then
connect the free ends of these tubes with one another by an intermediate tube of
the same size open at the top above its point of connection with the uppermost
horizontal tube, but closed at the bottom below its point of connection with the
lowermost tube, and in the uppermost of the two horizontal tubes I fix a throttle
valve with a handle on the outside of the tube, so that the way through it can be
partially or entirely closed when required.
To the bottom of the series of shells thus concentrically united I attach three or
more supports to serve as feet, so as to raise it a few inches from the ground, and
I then place beneath it a gas burner for the purpose of supplying heat. This burner
I prefer to construct in the shape of a tubular ring, of a somewhat less diameter
than that of the second shell, counting from within outwards, the upper surface of
the ring being perforated with holes for the emission of the gas, or of a mixture of
gas and air, which is supplied to the ring through an aperture in the side, such
tubular ring burner being an appliance commonly known in the trade, and used
largely for heating purposes. This burner may be attached beneath the bottom of
the series of combined shells, so as to form a substantial part of the apparatus, or it
may be applied separately when heat is required.
If the burner thus described be fixed in a position beneath and between the
lower free margins of the innermost and next shells, and be supplied with gas or
with a mixture of gas and air, and a light be applied to the holes in the upper
surface, a ring of burning jets will be produced, and the heated products of
combustion will find their way upward into the cylindrical chamber formed by the
union at their upper margins of the innermost and next shells, and thence through
the two or more horizontal tubes connecting the second and third shells into the
chamber formed by the connection of the third and outermost shells at their upper
and lower margins, as herein before described. The further course of the heated
products of combustion will then depend upon whether the throttle valve in the
uppermost of the two outlet tubes before described be open or not; if it be they
will escape through it direct, and may be conducted away into a chimney or other
convenient receptacle by a flue, which should be connected to the outlet for this
purpose; but if the throttle valve be closed the heated products must find their
way downwards to the lower outlet, and thence to the outlet flue by the vertical
tube connecting the upper and lower outlets together. The result will be in either
case that the heated products of combustion in passing upwards between the two
innermost concentric shells, and then downwards between the two outermost shells,
will give off a large amount of their heat to these shells. This heat will again be
discharged from the outermost shell by radiation and convection into the air of the
room in which it is placed, and by the same means from the two middle shells into
the space between them, which, being open both above and below, will allow a
current of air to pass through it from below upwards, which will thus become
heated, and so carry off into the room a further portion of the heat generated by
the burner. With reference to the innermost shell, the heat absorbed by it from
the current of heated gases will also be communicated by radiation and convection
to the air within it, and if the stove constructed in the way thus described be so
fixed that the bottom of the innermost shell be connected by an intermediate
pipe with the outer air, the air so brought into the innermost shell will become
heated, and will be delivered at the upper. outlet as a current of pure warm air.
When employed in this way the stove will be found very useful for promoting the
ventilation of rooms in which it is placed.
The effect of the contact of the products of combustion with the extended
metallic surface of the concentric shells between which they have to pass will be
such that when they arrive at the lower outlet their temperature will be materially
reduced to an extent proportionate to the relation which may be given to the
amount of gas burned and the size of the shell. The greater the size of the shell
in proportion to a given amount of gas consumed the larger will be the amount of

page_text: heat abstracted from the products of combustion. As nearly the whole of the heat
thus abstracted must pass into the room in which the stove may be placed, the
arrangement will be found to be one of a very economical character.
The uppermost of the two alternative outlets in the outer shell is provided in
order to allow of the products of combustion being passed direct into the outlet
flue by opening the throttle valve, which it will be found convenient sometimes to
do where the resistance to be overcome by the outgoing current is considerable, e.g.,
from the outlet flue being filled with a mass of cold dense air, or from wind
pressure at the outlet of the flue. When however the resistance is slight, as is
generally the case when the outlet is carried into a chimney, the throttle valve may
be partially or entirely closed, and the products of combustion compelled to find
their way to the lower outlet, thus giving off the maximum of their heat before
passing off.
It is not essential for the purposes of my Invention that the concentric metallic
shells herein before described should be cylindrical in shape; they may be rectangular,
but I prefer the cylindrical form as being the most economical of material, and the
best adapted for facility of heating and diffusion of heat.
Instead of connecting the two middle shells together by tubes adapted to the
apertures therein, and fixed thereto, so that the joints shall be gas-tight, by lapping
or rivetting, as hereinbefore described, such connection may be made by constructing
the connecting portion of these shells, including the tubes, out of a single metallic
casting, with two concentric flanges on the under surface thereof, to which the
upper margins of the two innermost shells may be attached.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Wyman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th May 1881.
WILLIAM WYMAN, of Southgate Street, in the City of Gloucester, Gas Engineer.
"A GAS STOVE FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
For the purposes of this Invention I make two metallic shells of iron, copper, or
other suitable metal, and preferably of a cylindrical shape, the one of somewhat
less diameter than the other, and each of them open at both ends; and I make in
each shell, as near as possible to the margin thereof, two or more apertures of
similar size. Then placing the one shell within the other in such a way that the
apertures in each may be exactly opposite those in the other, I connect the shells
with one another by inserting into the apertures metallic tubes of the same size,
and securing their edges to the margins of the apertures by lapping, riveting, or
in any other convenient way, so that the joints shall be as nearly as may be gas-
tight; then placing the shells so connected in one another in a vertical position,
and so that the margins which are thus connected together shall be uppermost.
I make two other metallic shells, the one a little smaller than the smallest of the
two so connected, and the other a little larger than the largest. I then place the
smallest shell inside and the largest shell outside the combined pair, so that the
four shells shall be concentrically arranged, and I unite the uppermost margins of
the two innermost shells together, and also the upper and lower margins respectively
of the two outermost shells. The union in each case may be effected by means of
metallic castings of appropriate shape, to which the margins of the shells may be
attached, or by pieces of sheet metal cut to shape and lapped over the margins
of the shells, the plates or castings being fastened to the shells in each case by
seams, or rivets, or by any other convenient mode of junction, which will allow
of the joints being made as nearly as may be gas-tight.
I then make two apertures of equal size in the outermost shell in the same
vertical line with one another, one as near the top and the other as near the bottom
of the shell as possible, and I insert into these apertures two metal tubes of the
same size as the apertures and of equal lengths, and I fix them in the apertures
in a gas tight manner, so that they shall be at right angles to the shell. I then
connect the free ends of these tubes with one another by an intermediate tube of
the same size, open at the top above its point of connection with the upper
horizontal tube, but closed at the bottom below its connection with the lower one;
and in the uppermost of the two horizontal tubes I fix a throttle valve with a
haudle on the outside of the tube, so that the way through it can be partially or
entirely closed when required. To the bottom of the series of shells thus con-
centrically united I attach three or more supports to serve as feet, so as to raise
it a few inches from the ground, and I then place beneath it a gas burner for the
purpose of supplying heat. This burner I prefer to construct in the shape of a
tubular ring of a somewhat less diameter than that of the second shell (counting
from within outwards), the upper surface of the ring being perforated with holes
for the emission of the gas, or of a mixture of gas, and air, which is supplied to the
ring through an aperture in the side, such tubular ring burner being an appliance
commonly known in the trade and used largely for heating purposes. This ring
burner may be attached beneath the bottom of the series of conjoined shells, so
as to form a substantial part of the apparatus; or it may be applied separately
when heat is required.
If the burner thus described be fixed in position beneath and between the lower

page_text: free margins of the innermost and next shells, and be supplied with gas or with a
mixture of gas and air, and a light be applied to the holes on its upper surface
a ring of burning jets will be produced, and the heated products of combustion will
find their way upwards into the cylindrical chamber formed by the union at their
upper margins of the innermost and next shells, and thence through the two or
more horizontal tubes connecting the second and third shells together into the
chamber formed by the connection of the third and outermost shells at their upper
and lower margins, as hereinbefore described. The further course of the heated
products of combustion will then depend upon whether the throttle valve in the
uppermost of the two outlet tubes before described be open or not; if it be they
will escape through it direct, and may be conducted away into a chimney or other
convenient receptacle by a flue, which should be connected to the outlet for this
purpose. But if the throttle valve be closed the beated products must then find
their way downwards to the lower outlet, and thence to the outlet flue by the
vertical tube connecting the upper and lower outlets together. The result will
be in either case that the heated products of combustion in passing upwards
between the two innermost concentric shells will give off a large amount of their
heat to these shells. This heat will again be discharged from the outermost shell
by radiation and convection into the air in which it is placed, and by the same
means from the two middle shells into the space between them, which being open
both above and below will allow a current of air to pass through it from below
upwards, which will thus become heated and so carry off into the room a further
portion of the heat generated by the burner. With reference to the innermost
shell, the heat absorbed by it from the current of heated gases, will also be com-
municated by radiation and convection to the air within it; and if the stove,
constructed in the way thus described, be so fixed that the bottom of the innermost
shell be connected by an intermediate pipe with the outer air, the air so brought
into the innermost shell will become heated and will be delivered at its upper
outlet as a current of pure warm air. When employed in this way the stove will
be found very useful for promoting the ventilation of rooms in which it is placed.
The effect of the contact of the products of combustion with the extended
metallic surface of the concentric metallic shells between which they have to pass
will be such that when they arrive at the lower outlet their temperature will be
materially reduced to an extent proportionate to the relation which may be given
to the amount of gas burned and the size of the shells. The greater the size of the
shells in proportion to a given amount of gas consumed, the larger will be the
amount of heat abstracted from the products of combustion. As nearly the whole
of the heat thus abstracted must pass into the room in which the stove may be
placed, the arrangement will be found to be one of a very economical character.
The uppermost of the two alternate outlets in the outer shell is provided, in
order to allow of the products of combustion being passed direct into the outlet
flue by opening the throttle valve, which it will be found convenient sometimes
to do when the resistance to be overcome by the outgoing current is considerable,
e.g., from the outlet flue being filled with a mass of cold dense air, or from wind
pressure at the outlet of the flue. When however the resistance is slight, as is
generally the case when the outlet flue is carried into a chimney, the throttle valve
may be partially or entirely closed, and the products of combustion compelled to
find their way to the lower outlet, thus giving off the maximum of their heat
before passing off.
It is not essential for the purposes of my Invention that the concentric metallic
shells hereinbefore described should be cylindrical in shape; they may be rect-
angular; but I prefer the cylindrical form as being the most economical of material,
and the best adapted for facility of heating and diffusion of beat.
Instead of connecting the two middle shells together by tubes adapted to the
apertures therein, and fixed thereto so that the joints shall be gas-tight by lapping
or riveting, as hereinbefore described, the said connection may be made by con-
structing the connecting portion of these shells including the tubes out of a single

page_text: metallic casting with two concentric flanges on the under surface thereof, to which
the upper margins of the two innermost shells may be attached.
I will now describe the Drawings appended hereto whereby the nature of this
my Invention will be more clearly understood. Fig. I. represents the stove in
elevation; Fig. II., the same in section; and Fig. III. is a plan of the top of the
stove as seen from above when the cover is removed. The same letters indicate
corresponding parts in the three Figures. A, B, C, and D are the four concentric
cylindrical shells, which are here shewn connected together at the top by the
metallic casting F (shewn entire in Fig. III.), and at their bottom by the casting E.
The space between A and B forms the outermost of the two chambers of the stove,
which is closed at the top and bottom by the two castings above mentioned; but
is connected with the outlet flue N by the upper horizontal tube H and the lower
horizontal tube M. In H is seen the movable throttle valve L. Between B and C
is the space a, and inside D is the space b, both of them open at the top and bottom
so that air can have free access to them and become heated by the surfaces of B
& C with which it comes into contact. The space between shells C & D forms
the innermost of the two chambers of the stove closed at the top by the casting F,
in which are constructed the passages k, k, &c., by which the two chambers com-
municate with one another, and open at the bottom so that the heated products of
combustion from the jets i, i, of the ring burner P will pass up into it when the
latter is placed in position under it. In Fig. I. this burner is represented as
attached by a ball & socket joint to one of the feet of the stove, so that it can
be moved in and out from beneath the stove for purposes of cleaning and
lighting.
Having now described the manner of constructing this my Invention, as well as
the mode in which and purposes for which it is to be used, I wish it to be
understood that what I claim as new and original about it is,―
(1.) The combination of four concentric metallic shells so arranged as to form
two chambers communicating with each other by means of one or more passages
at their top and with the outer air by means of two outlet tubes connected by an
intermediate flue.
(2.) The heating of these concentric shells so connected with one another by
means of a tubular ring or other appropriate gas burner placed beneath them, so
that the products of combustion shall be carried through the elongated metallic
passage thus formed, whilst the outer air is brought into contact with the outer
surface of such passage, and is thereby heated.
(3.) The provision of an alternative outlet for the heated products by means of
a throttle valve inserted in the upper outlet from the outer of the two chambers,
80 that the whole or a portion only of the products of combustion may be allowed
to pass into the outlet flue at a higher temperature than they would if they were
compelled to pass out through the lower of the two outlets, and thus to enable the
outgoing current to overcome resistance to wind pressure to which it may be
exposed.
(4.) The combination of the foregoing elements of the said stove, in the manner
and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty
1001
Witness to the signature of the
said William Wyman,
FRANCIS THOMAS BOND, M.D.,
Gloucester.
WILLIAM WYMAN. (L.S.)