Improvements in or relating to Cartridge-extractors for Breech- loading Fire-arms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Cartridge-extractors for Breech-
loading Fire-arms.
A communication from Captain ULDARIQUE MARGA, of No. 57, Rue St. Georges,
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I. Mech. E., and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
-
Experiments lately made in all countries with repeating-rifles and other breech-
loading fire-arms have shown that the device for extracting or expelling the empty
cartridge-cases after firing constitutes one of the most important parts of the
breech-mechanism. This part therefore has been the main object of the applicant's
attention in his endeavours to improve fire-arms of the description just mentioned.
In all fire-arms hitherto known the part termed cartridge-case extractor. is the
most delicate and fragile one. It has been found very frequently to fail to operate
in such cases as those where the cartridge-case is fitted too tightly into the breech-
block; the extractor in most cases consisting of a small spring of insignificant
power, the hooked end of which, which is to grasp the shoulder or head of the
cartridge-case, readily deviates or is deflected, so that it passes the shoulder or
flange of the head without catching.
The improved extractor herein described is different from the devices heretofore
used in that it consists of a substantial and rigid steel ring passed over the slightly
reduced forward end of the bolt, as though it formed an integral part thereof.
The front edge of this ring is so shaped as to form a hook occupying in width
about one third of the circumference of the ring. This bent or hook-shaped and
rigid portion of the ring is adapted to grasp the shoulder or flange of the cartridge
case to the extent of one third of its circumference, with the result that it is quite
impossible for the hook to miss drawing the cartridge out when once the hook has
grasped its shoulder or head; and in order to make it perfectly certain that the
hook shall thus catch the cartridge, before it is jammed in the breech-block, there
is provided a small plunger operated by a spiral spring and covered by a hollow
stud or cap projecting from the breech immediately in front of the block into
which the plunger extends while the rifle is not loaded. The hook occupying a
raised position when the bolt is pushed forward, the flanged head of the cartridge-
case takes up its position underneath the hook and so long as the cartridge extends
into the breech-block it is retained in this situation by the plunger. When it
completely joins or enters the breech-block, the bottom-piece rises and thereby
causes the cartridge-case flange to engage in the hook. This is a never failing
result of the operation of the mechanism owing to the fact that the cartridge in
moving forward under the action of the plunger meets with a slight frictional
resistance and can in no case spring forward abruptly, even should the bolt be
pushed in with a certain amount of force, so that the cartridge-case must in all
cases come within reach of the hook.
When the cartridge is pulled back, it is retained within the extractor by a small
spring inserted between the end of the bolt and the ring until it comes into contact
with the ejector which advances and in so doing strikes the guide-pin and expels
the cartridge-case.
The ejector is simply a small bar sliding loosely upon the ring in a mortise or
groove formed in the bolt and the turned down bracket-shaped ends of which serve
as stops on both sides to limit its forward and backward movements. It enters

page_text: the bolt as it pushes the cartridge-case and leaves it again by a swift forward
movement which results in the ejection of the said cartridge case when in moving
backwards it meets the guide-pin. To protect the extracting ring from the effects
of the shock due to the backward movement of the bolt, the slot or groove of the
ejector is so narrowed that the part engaging the pin-which is wider,-forms two
shoulders of the same metal of which the bolt is made, so that the bolt sustains the
shock directly, while the ejector is freely driven forward without exercising any
action upon the ring of the extractor. It will be seen that all the movements are
effected freely, reliably and promptly.
Dated this 8th day of December 1892.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Cartridge-extractors for Breech-
loading Fire-arms.
A communication from Captain ULDARIQUE MARGA, of No. 57, Rue St. Georges,
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Experiments lately made in all countries with repeating-rifles and other breech-
loading fire-arms have shown that the device for extracting or expelling the empty
cartridge-cases after firing constitutes one of the most important parts of the
breech-mechanism. This part therefore has been the main object of the applicant's
attention in his endeavours to improve fire-arms of the description just mentioned,
and the improved cartridge-case extractor is illustrated by Figures 1, 9, 10 and 11
of the accompanying drawings, which show the various positions a cartridge
assumes in relation to the extractor, as it is operated by the bolt.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are detail views of portions of what is known as
Marga's rifle and has been described in previous applications, these views being
intended merely to assist in clearly understanding the present invention.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal axial section of part of the gun.
Figure 2 is a cross section through the magazine.
Figure 3 is a cross-section through the bolt and
Figure 4 a side-view of the latter.
Figure 5 is a plan of the detent-spring carrying the stop-pins of the bolt.
Figure 6 is a side elevation and Figure 7 a cross-section of the loader.
Figure 8 is an underside view of part of the bolt showing a plan of the ejector.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of part of the gun showing the extractor and
the ejector in section and in elevation respectively, the cartridge being on the
point of entering the barrel.
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9 but showing the cartridge moved farther
into the barrel and
Figure 11 also shows the same parts, the cartridge being under the action of the
ejector.
In all fire-arms hitherto known the part termed cartridge-case extractor is the
most delicate and fragile one. It has been found very frequently to fail to operate
in such cases as those where the cartridge-case is fitted too tightly into the barrel:
the extractor in most cases consisting of a small spring of insignificant power, the
hooked end of which, which is to grasp the shoulder or head of the cartridge-case,
readily deviates or is deflected, so that it passes the shoulder or flange of the head
without catching.

page_text: The improved extractor herein described is different from the devices heretofore
used in that it consists of a substantial and rigid steel ring B passed over the
slightly reduced forward end of the bolt, as though it formed an integral part
thereof. The front edge of this ring is so shaped as to form a hook occupying in
width about one third of the circumference of the ring. This bent or hook-shaped
and rigid portion of the ring is adapted to grasp the shoulder or flange of the
cartridge-case to the extent of one third of its circumference, with the result that
it is quite impossible for the hook to miss drawing the cartridge out when once the
hook has grasped its shoulder or head; and in order to make it perfectly certain
that the hook shall thus catch the cartridge, before it is jammed in the barrel,
there is provided a small plunger p operated by a spiral spring and covered by a
hollow stud or cap b projecting from the breech immediately in front of the
receiver or magazine into which the plunger extends while the rifle is not loaded,
as will be understood from Figures 9, 10 and 11. The hook occupying a raised
position when the bolt is pushed forward, the flanged head of the cartridge-case
takes up its position underneath the hook and so long as the cartridge extends into
the barrel it is retained in this situation by the plunger p. When it completely
joins or enters the barrel the cartridge rises and thereby causes its flange to engage
in the hook. This is a never failing result of the operation of the mechanism
owing to the fact that the cartridge in moving forward under the action of the
plunger meets with a slight frictional resistance and can in no case spring forward
abruptly, even should the bolt be pushed in with a certain amount of force, so that
the cartridge-case must in all cases come within reach of the hook.
When the cartridge is pulled back, it is retained within the extractor by a small
spring inserted between the end of the bolt and the ring B until it comes into
contact with the ejector which advances and in so doing strikes the guide-pin G
and expels the cartridge-case in the manner illustrated by Figure 11.
The ejector E' is simply a small bar sliding loosely upon the ring B in a mortise
or groove formed in the bolt and the turned down bracket-shaped ends of which
serve as stops on both sides to limit its forward and backward movements. It
enters the bolt as it pushes the cartridge-case and leaves it again by a swift
forward movement which results in the ejection of the said cartridge case when in
moving backwards it meets the guide-pin G. To protect the extracting ring B
from the effects of the shock due to the backward movement of the bolt, the slot
or groove of the ejector is so narrowed that the part engaging the pin G,-which
is wider, forms two shoulders of the same metal of which the bolt is made, so that
the bolt sustains the shock directly, while the ejector is freely driven forward
without exercising any action upon the ring B of the extractor.
It will be seen
that all the movements are effected freely reliably and promptly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
p2
In repeating rifles and other breech-loading fire-arms a rigid cartridge-extractor
characterized by the large size of the hook on the ring B in combination with the
plunger p, effectually securing the engagement of the hook with the rim of the
cartridge-case and with the small spring 2 holding the cartridge-case in position
until it comes in contact with the cartridge-extractor E' which is bracket-shaped
sliding freely between the ring B and the bolt and so contrived that it does not
transmit to the said bolt the shock caused by its backward motion substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of September 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.