IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR ELEVATING OR OTHERWISE IMPELLING MATTERS OR MATERIALS FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, and of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR ELEVATING OR OTHERWISE IMPELLING MATTERS OR MATERIALS FOR VARIOUS
USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 2nd April 1875, and dated the 12th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1874.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said 'Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR ELEVATING OR OTHERWISE IMPELLING MATTERS OR MATERIALS FOR
VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
::
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The object of this Invention is the construction of apparatus in such
manner that liquids and other matters or materials, especially such as

page_text: are in a granular, attenuated, or reduced or finely divided state, shall
be raised or impelled in the required direction, and if necessary in the
case of liquids in the form of spray.
According to my Invention I construct apparatus for compressing air
or other permanent gas by a steam jet, and I combine the same with
passages, chambers, or vessels for receiving the matters to be elevated
or otherwise impelled, and for their discharge to the required part.
To avoid useless repetition I use the word "air" whether air or other
permanent gas is employed for the purposes of my Invention.
A steam jet is caused to issue through a nozzle in an air-compressing
apparatus in which are two or more mixing nozzles of differential
or graduated diameters or sectional areas. The steam thus causes an
influx of air into and through the mixing nozzles, and the air mixing
with the steam receives increased velocity, and is carried through a
passage in which it comes in contact with the liquid, solid, or other 1
material to be elevated or impelled, and which is thus driven (in the
form of spray or otherwise) in an upward or other required direction.
A feeding funnel or a chamber for receiving the material to be operated
upon is placed in a suitable position.
Instead of combining the air compressing or forcing apparatus with
the discharging portion of the apparatus, so that they form one con-
tinuous instrument or apparatus, they may be distinct or independent,
so that each may be placed in the most convenient position, and they:
are connected together by means of a pipe, passage, or conduit.
A cooling or drying chamber or jacket may be provided in a suitable
position so as to reduce or expel the moisture and heat of the air or
gaseous mixture issuing from the compressor.
ด
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 9th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: the air jet issuing from the last mixing nozzle of the series. The
employment of this tube however is not essential. k is a connecting
pipe forming at the same time the foot of the apparatus, through
which the compressed air is led to the actuating nozzle d of the lifting
apparatus proper; e is the feeding funnel or hopper of this apparatus
into which the material to be lifted is introduced, and which combines
in the mixing nozzle f with the air jet issuing from the nozzle d.
Out of the mixing nozzle f it is blown into the delivery nozzle g and

page_text: main admission pipe k of the actuating pressure air, gas, or steam by
means of a pipe m. All these apertures or nozzles n which may be
spread over the surface of the hopper as convenient, or may form con-
tinuous slits, are directed to the passage o-leading from the hopper to
the mixing nozzle and they serve to disintegrate, separate, and divide
in small particles or molecules the sticky and wet body of the matter as
soon as it is introduced into the hopper, and to blow them at once into
the nozzle f, where they are caught and carried up by the main jet
issuing from the nozzle d.
Figure 4 is a section showing a modified arrangement of apparatus
for raising finely divided matter in cases where the material must not
be damped or wetted by the condensed steam, the desired result is
obtained not by a blowing action but by a drawing action. The steam
jet apparatus is used as an exhauster to produce a partial vacuum in a
receiver 7. By means of this vacuum a strong current of air is caused
to rush through the pipe k and the nozzle d into the mixing nozzle f
and pipe h, carrying along with it into the receiver all the matters
drawn in at the same time through the hopper e. Herein, when the
air ceases to be disturbed and becomes quiescent. or tranquil, the matters
separate from the air and fall down to the bottom of the receiver, the
air being continuously exhausted by the steam jet apparatus. The
receiver may be emptied at intervals by opening the port s, or it may be
emptied continuously by a vertical discharge pipe of suitable length, or
by other ordinary mechanical contrivance. Small holes n may be pro-
vided at the bottom of the hopper, affording passage for small air jets
to rush up and to keep the passage o clear. The hopper and the
receiver, as well as the jet exhauster, may obviously and without
departing from the nature of my Invention, be considerably modified
in detail as circumstances may suggest, and as the nature of the matters
to be lifted may require.
Figure 5 shows in section a modification of the elevating apparatus
proper represented in Figure 4. In this modification the hopper is
dispensed with, and the pipe h is inserted at its foot directly into the
matters to be lifted, which matters enter the passage e by the effect of
the vacuum in the pipe h, and are carried up by the jet issuing out
of the nozzle d. In case the matters are of a very loose or divided
character so that ample space is left for the air to pass through and
between the body or particles thereof, then the nozzle & and pipe k may

page_text: be dispensed with, and the end of the pipe h is simply inserted into the
heap of the matters.
Figure 6 shows in section another modification of the elevator proper
represented in Figure 4. The end of the pipe h is inserted direct into
the matters to be lifted, but instead of using a central air nozzle d, as
in Figure 5, the air opening, i.e., the nozzle, or its substitute or equi-
valent, consists of a number of apertures d formed in the metal or
thickness of the pipe itself; these air openings, which may be of any
convenient shape, are shut and opened or regulated by means of a slide t
or other ordinary means. To keep these air openings clear a screen q
is placed round them closely fitting the pipe at the bottom, and being
wide open at the top, thus allowing the air free entrance to the
openings d. The above arrangement of apparatus may be used and
arranged for raising and moving solid, liquid, semi-fluid, viscous, or
pulpy matters.
Figure 7 shows in section an apparatus intended for acting on a
liquid matter so as to impel or eject it in the form of a spray. The
liquid enters the apparatus.by an opening a, and leaves it through a
small annular passage r forming a hollow conical jet, the taper or
conicality of which is regulated in construction according to the purpose
for which the apparatus has to be used. This passage is formed by
introducing and fixing in the main body 6 of the apparatus a bell-
mouthed casing or shell c in which a spindle d is fitted and kept central
by a ring 9 (formed in one piece with the spindle), and by lugs or
wings f. The spindle has a swelling or enlargement at one end, and thus.
forms with the discharge mouth of the pipe ca second annular passage s
of the same or nearly the same conicality or taper as the passage r.
From this passages a jet of pressure or compressed air or permanent
gas is blown, and it is compressed by any ordinary or convenient steam
jet apparatus, the discharge end of which is brought into communication
with the pipe c by means of the pipe e. This jet of air or permanent
gas blowing or rushing forcibly or violently out of the passage s.
separates the body of liquid issuing from the passage into streams.
or spray. The liquid is thus reduced or brought into the form of spray
of which the grain or calibre of course depends on the description of
liquid under treatment, and on the amount of pressure of the actuating
air or gas jet.

page_text: Fourth. The combination of a steam, air, or fluid jet compressing
apparatus with a spray apparatus, substantially as herein-before explained
and illustrated in Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
DONAT RUBEN.
E. KÖRTING. (L.S.)