Improvements in Jointing Stoneware or Earthenware Sewerage Pipes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 26th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 5th Oct., 18953
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Jointing Stoneware or Earthenware Sewerage
Pipes.
I, FREDERICK HENRY BROOK of 171 Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London, Brick and Tile Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
My invention relates to improvements in jointing stoneware or earthenware
sewerage pipes and its object is to facilitate the making of watertight joints. The
pipes are made in the usual manner with a socket of about 4 inch greater diameter
internally than the external diameter of the spigot end.
In carrying out my invention I mould or cast on to the spigot end of each pipe a
ring of suitable composition material; that generally used in the trade being a
mixture of pitch sulphur & sand. At the inner end of the socket of the pipe to
which it is to be joined I form a ring of the same composition into which that on
the spigot end closely fits.
When the pipes are in position these rings ensure the desirable true alignment of
bore; and they fill up about inch of the depth of the socket leaving an annular
space. This space which may also be formed by other convenient means or
appliances I then proceed to fill up with cement in the following manner.
1 employ flexible or elastic band or cord or a jointed ring, or segments
comprising a ring or equivalent device (in one or more pieces or parts) provided
with suitable resilient packing when and where necessary, which embraces the pipe
and also embraces, or fits against, the end of the socket of the adjoining pipe
sufficiently tight to retain such cement as may be poured, in the state of grout,
through a gap or orifice or aperture in the band, cord, or ring or other device, into
the aforesaid annular space.
Or if the ring in segments (jointed or loose) be employed, one segment embracing
the lower portion of the pipes can be first put in position and the lower part of the
anuular space thereby enclosed can then have the cement grouting poured into it,
thereby ensuring a sound and complete filling of cement as free as possible of
imprisoned air, before the other segments of the ring are put in place for the
completion of the grouting around the whole of the annular space.
The band, cord, ring, or other device can be held firmly in the angle formed by
the pipe and socket, by means of a cord or binding or clip or other device bearing
against the further side of the socket.
One form of the device for closing the annular space for the purpose specified
consists of a stout ring of wood or metal or both combined, or other inelastic
material or combination of such materials, having its inner angle chamfered or
bevelled and on the face of this chamfer or bevel is fixed a conical india rubber
band, somewhat wider than the chamfer, the two edges of the india rubber
projecting beyond, and forining flanges, one on either side of the chamfer. These
Hanges respectively press against the pipe and socket end and form a self-adjusting
& resilient packing.
In this way a sound joint may be made; and it will be firm, and the length of
sewer comprising the pipes so jointed will be inflexible, but liable to fracture should
settlement of the ground take place.
But under some conditions, as where subsidence of the ground may happen, it is
desirable to provide a watertight joint which will be to some extent flexible and

page_text: admit of the pipes drawing out slightly without cracking the joints. Such
telescopic drawing-out being the result of subsidence, since the length of piping is
thereby increased.
To meet this requirement, when called for, I form around the spigot end, against
the ring of composition as first described, another ring or coating of yielding
viscous or compressible or elastic material to the full width of the socket or rather
more, which may be cylindrical or preferably tapered away to little or nothing as
it emerges beyond the socket. It may be smooth or rough or may be of corrugated
surface with one or more rolls, ribs or grooves.
The jointing is completed by means of cement grouting same as at first
described.
When any subsidence takes place the elastic or viscous coating will allow a
certain amount of telescopic motion at the joints without unsealing.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of October 1894.
Improvements in Jointing Stoneware or Earthenware Sewerage
Pipes.
I, FREDERICK HENRY BROOK of 171 Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London, Brick and Tile Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in jointing stoneware or earthenware
sewerage pipes, particularly as to the method of sealing the joints with cement in
a liquid or semi liquid state known as "grouting" with or without combination with
a flexible or compressible cement or material.
In the existing methods where the enclosed annular spaces formed in the sockets
are filled with cement grout, there can be no means of ensuring that the grout shall
run round perfectly free from entangled air while a careless workman may conceal
any bungling by filling both of the usual grouting holes, leaving the joint
un-cemented at its most important portion, the bottom segment.
Moreover in the existing systems the grouting holes have to be made in the
sockets before the pipes are burnt; and no matter how desirable it might be to turn
the pipes in laying, the side which has the holes must be laid uppermost.
The object of this invention is to facilitate the formation of a watertight joint by
ensuring the completeness of filling, with cement or other material, the annular
space or spaces between socket & spigot of the pipes which are made in the usual
manner with sockets about finch greater diameter internally than the external
diameter of the spigot ends.
In carrying out my invention I employ any suitable means of plugging the inner
portion of the annular space above named and at the same time securing the
desirable true alignment of bore. For example, I may mould or cast on to the
spigot end of each pipe a ring of suitable composition material, that generally used
in the trade being a mixture of pitch, sulphur and sand. And at the inner end of
the socket of the pipe to which it is to be joined I form a ring of the same com-
position into which that on the spigot end closely fits. When the pipes are in
position these rings fill up about inch of the depth of the socket and ensure true
alignment of bore.
1 then proceed to enclose temporarily the remaining aunular space so that cement
or other suitable fluid material may be run into it. For this purpose I employ a
Hexible or elastic band or cord or a jointed ring, or segments composing a ring,

page_text: jointed or loose, or an equivalent device in one or more pieces or parts provided
with or in itself constituting a suitable resilient packing.
The packing so formed embraces the pipe and also embraces or fits against the
end of the socket of the adjoining pipe by its own resiliency or by means of the
aforesaid resilient packing sufficiently tight to retain such cement, as may be poured,
in a fluid or semi fluid state, or grouting, into the aforesaid annular space, through
a gap or orifice or aperture in the band, cord or ring, or equivalent device.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and
ascertained reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figures 1 to 4 are views of one form of device for making a joint constructed
according to my present invention, and Figures 5 and 6 a modification thereof.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Fig. 1 is a section of one form of ring constructed according to my invention with
resilient packing.
Fig. 2 shews the section of socket and spigot of a sewerage pipe with the packing
ring in position enclosing the annular space and the two rings GG¹, of composition
plugging the inner end as herein before described.
Fig. 3 is a view of socket and spigot in position with the lower portion embraced
by one segment of the ring and packing, enclosing the lower part of the annular
space, in readiness for the cement grouting to be poured therein.
Fig. 4 is a view of the upper half or segment of a ring omitting the resilieut
packing, but shewing the gap, orifice, or aperture through which the final grouting
is poured.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew a flexible joint, being sections of socket, spigot, and ring, all
in position, and shewing a coating of yielding compressible or viscous material for
the purpose hereinafter described.
Referring firstly to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 the device for closing the annular,
space for the purpose specified consists of a stout ring of wood A with a metal
backing A', the inner angle is chamfered or bevelled as shewn and on the face of
this chamfer or bevel is fixed a conical india rubber band B, wider than the
chanifer, the two edges of the india rubber projecting beyond and forming flanges
one on either side of the chamfer. These flanges respectively press against the
pipe and socket end as shewn in Figure 2 and form a self-adjusting and resilient
packing when placed in position.
The ring as shewn is in two segments, one embracing the lower portion of the
pipes D, E, Fig. 3 which have previously been fitted with rings G G¹, Fig. 2 of
composition to plug the inner end of the annular space F.
I then pour the cement grout into the annular space F at one side until it
appears at the opposite side, thus ensuring a sound and complete filling, as free as
possible from imprisoned air.
The second segment Fig. 4 is then placed in position and the cement grouting
poured through an aperture C. to fill the upper portion of the annular space.
The ring A, A, B, or equivalent appliance can be held firmly in the angle
formed by the pipe and socket by means of a cord or binding or clip or other
device bearing against the further side of the socket.
As the cement becomes set the appliance is taken off and used again and again
in a similar manner.
In this way a sound joint may be made, and it will be firm, and the length of
sewer comprising the pipes will be inflexible, but liable to fracture should
settlement of the ground take place.
But under some conditions, as where subsidence of the ground may happen, it
is desirable to provide a watertight joint which will be to some extent flexible and
admit of the pipes drawing out slightly without cracking the joints, such telescopic
drawing out being the result of subsidence since the length of piping is thereby
increased.
Referring now to Figs. 5 & 6 which illustrate a modification of my invention
devised to meet this requirement, I form the rings of hard composition G, G¹, of

page_text: cup and ball shape, as shewn, to admit of laternal play, and form around the spigot
end D, against the ring of composition G', as above described, another ring or
coating H, of yielding, viscous, compressible, or elastic material, such as marine
glue, to the full depth of the socket or rather more, which coating may be
cylindrical, or preferably tapered away to little or nothing as it emerges beyond
the socket. It may be smooth or rough or may be of corrugated surface with one
or more rolls, ribs or grooves.
Or I may affix the ring or coating of yielding material to the inner surface of
the socket as a lining.
The jointing is completed by means of cement grouting in the manner already
described.
When any subsidence takes place the elastic or viscous coating will allow a
certain amount of bending or telescopic motion at the joints without unsealing.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein before described and shewn in the drawings, which may be modified without
departing from the principle of my invention. For example the compound
ring A, A, B, enclosing the annular space F, may be replaced by any equivalent
appliance of suitable material, provided with, or in itself being or constituting a
resilient packing. And it may, instead of being in two separate segments as
shewn, be in one piece if flexible, or in two or more parts, jointed or separate
whether flexible or otherwise.
Moreover although I have described my invention as applied to sewerage pipes
I may apply the hereindescribed methods in the construction of joints in pipes for
other purposes where it is desired to make a water or gas-tight joint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The method of making the joints of stoneware or earthenware sewerage pipes
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described whereby the
grouting of the annular space between the socket and spigot is carried out in
segments.
2. In jointing sewerage pipes the employment of a flexible or elastic or jointed
band cord or ring or segments jointed or loose provided with, or constituting in
itself, a suitable packing, or equivalent device to temporarily enclose the annular
space for grouting with fluid or semi-fluid cement.
3. In stoneware or earthenware sewerage pipes the methods of rendering the joints
capable of a certain amount of telescopic or bending motion by forming the hard
composition rings with cup and ball surfaces, and providing an elastic or viscous or
compressible coating or lining occupying part of the annular space between socket
and spigot.
4. The pipe joints substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this o6th 1
2008
F. H. BROOK.