IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TWISTING OR DOUBLING OF YARN OR OTHER FIBROUS THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John King, junior, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TWISTING OR DOUBLING
OF YARN OR OTHER FIBROUS THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1880.
JOHN KING, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TWISTING OR DOUBLING OF YARN OR OTHER FIBROUS THREADS, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
In the ordinary twisting apparatus the bobbin revolves with the flyer, and onc
twist is given to the thread for every revolution; if, however, the bobbin could be
held stationary and the thread brought round beneath it, the revolution of the flyer
round the bottom would give a second twist, and it is to get this double twist for a
single revolution of the flyer that this my Invention is designed; it consists, in
fact, in holding the bobbin stationary while the thread passes wholely round both
ends of the bobbin instead of round one end of it as heretofore. The difficulty
which has prevented this being done in practice heretofore was to find a fulcrum
to hold the bobbin stationary, as it requires a support, and that support would be
in the way of the thread passing it. I get over this by placing my spindle
horizontally, or nearly so, support my bobbin preferably at right angles to the
spindle, and instead of winding on to the bobbin I wind off it. It could probably
be arranged by clock work on the bobbin to wind on to the bobbin by my arrange-
ment, but there would be no advantage in it, and owing to the expense of the
clock work such mechanism would be nothing more than a toy. My present
arrangement is as follows:-I place my spindle, or more properly spindle and flyer
combined, horizontally, or nearly so, and preferably driving from below.
spindle is looped in the form of a ring, oval or polygon, between two bearings, so
as to form a flyer, and suspended from tubular continuations of the axis of the
spindle inside the ring or flyer. I hang the bobbin carriage, hereafter described,
with its centre line preferably crossing at right angles the axis of the spindle in
the centre of the ring. The thread from the bobbin passes into one tubular
continuation of the spindle, round the ring in a grooved channel, between lugs or
[Price 6d1
The

page_text: through rings on the same, and passes out through the tubular end of the spindle
through rollers to regulate the speed to a winding bobbin or other regulating
mechanism.
In its passage from bobbin to bobbin it receives two twists for each revolution,
one on first entering the axis of the spindle, the other on returning to it from the
ring.
The bobbin carriage is suspended from the spindle continuations inside the ring
or flyer in such manner as to give the least practicable amount of friction, and
preferably carries the bobbin on a hinged centre spindle crossing the line of the
main spindle preferably at right angles, and held at the end opposite the hinge by
a catch. The bobbin revolves on this spindle, being restrained in the usual manner
by a friction pad or otherwise, and the whole of the carriage except the bearings
and spindle being below the centre line of the main spindle acts as a balance weight
to prevent the bobbin from rotating with the main spindle. When one bobbin is
used up the spring catch is released, the hinge opened, and a fresh bobbin placed in
position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John King in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th December
1880.
JOHN KING, jun., of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TWISTING OR DOUBLING OF YARN OR OTHER FIBROUS THREADS, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 a sectional elevation on the
line x, x, the bobbin H being shown in dotted lines.
In the ordinary twisting apparatus the bobbin revolves with the flyer, and one
twist is given to the thread for every revolution. If, however, the bobbin could
be held stationary, and the thread be brought round beneath it, the revolution of
the flyer round the bobbin would give a second twist, and it is to get this double
twist for a single revolution of the flyer that this my Invention is designed.
It consists, in fact, in holding the bobbin nearly stationary while the thread
passes wholly round both ends of the bobbin instead of round one end of it as
heretofore. The difficulty which has prevented this being done in practice
heretofore was to find a fulcrum to hold the bobbin stationary, as it requires a
support, and that support would be in the way of the thread passing it. I get over
this by suspending the bobbin from the hollow spindle ends, through which the
thread passes, the bobbin being kept from revolving by the force of gravity alone.
I prefer also to wind off the bobbin instead of onto it.
In the Drawings, A. is the spindle; a, hole in spindle for thread to pass to the
arm B; B, B¹, arms connecting spindle with tubular continuation C; D, yoke lightly
hung on A and C so as to cause little friction at the joint; E, E', arms of said
yoke carrying spindle F and bobbin H, and jointed to arm E by a hinged joint.
It is held in position at E' by a spring catch of any suitable construction G. This
joint and spring catch is a convenient arrangement, so that when one bobbin is
emptied another can be inserted and made fast so as to prevent the bobbin flying
out by centrifugal or other force if by any chance the yoke got revolving. Other
forms, however, of mechanism for holding the spindle could be adopted.
I is a
drag or friction pad of the usual construction applied against the end of the bobbin;
J, rollers revolving synchronously with the spindle, but at a much less speed, so as
to regulate the feed of the yarn that it may receive the right amount of twist.
The mode of action is as follows:-The threads to be doubled or twisted are
wound on the bobbin, and the latter placed on spindle F; the threads are then
passed through hole a, round arm B, through tubular spindle C, and between
rollers J. It is prevented from falling off arm B by double lugs b, b, (rings will do
as well).
The machine is now set in motion. The rollers draw off the thread at a speed
exactly proportional to the number of revolutions of the spindle, the two being
driven from the same gearing. The friction pad or drag I prevents any slackness.
The thread as it enters a takes one twist, as it leaves C it takes another. The
bobbin is prevented from moving, except slowly, on its axis by its own weight and
that of the yoke, the weight of the yoke being almost entirely below the centre
line of the spindle. The thread leaving the rollers J proceeds to a bobbin, upon
which it is wound by suitable mechanism.
In ordinary doubling, where the bobbin revolves with the flyer, only one twist
is given, but by my arrangement, where the bobbin is stationary, two are given for
each revolution of the flyer.
Having now described my Invention, and the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect, I wish it to be understood that I am well aware that this idea of
getting two twists by passing the thread entirely round the bobbin is old, several

page_text: attempts having been made to do this by complicated machinery, but that what I
believe to be new and desire to protect under the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
1st. The arrangement herein described of obtaining a double twist with one
revolution of the flyer, which consists in a bobbin suspended in the flyer upon a
yoke or carriage held stationary by the force of gravity alone, the thread proceeding
from the bobbin through the axis of the spindle round on the flyer to the other
side of the bobbin, and passing out through the centre of the spindle beyond the
bobbin, being drawn by drawing rollers or other mechanism outside the flyer.
2nd. The general arrangement or combination of the yoke D, arms E, E¹, or their
equivalent, spindle F jointed to arm E, and held to arm E' by a spring catch or
other convenient mechanism, and bobbin H provided with a friction pad I or other
suitable drag, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John King, jun., have hereunto set_my_ hand
and seal, this Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witnessed,
JNO. HARDING, J.P., D.L.,
Leamington.
JOHN KING, JR. (L.S.)