AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WILLIAMS, of Bangor, in the County of Caernarvon, Smith, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventeenth day of May, in the fifth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Williams, my exors, admñňors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Williams, my
exors, admňors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Thomas Williams,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called Her Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "AN IMPROVED CHURN;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Thomas Williams, shall cause a par-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, under my hand and seal to be inrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Williams, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following Specification thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, Figures 1 to 10 inclusive, that is to say:-
My improved churn may be made of the form respented in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, of the said Drawings, Figure 1 being a perspective view of the same;
Figure 2, a sectional view, and Figure 3 a plan. A is the barrel of the churn;
B, a vertical spindle, which turns in a socket in the bottom of the churn, and
passes through the lid at top, where there is a bevil wheel C fixed upon it;
D, D, D, D, are four arms or vanes soldered to the spindle B; E is a shaft
which is fixed horizontally across the top of the churn, and carries a pinion F,
which works into the bevil wheel C; G is a fly wheel, attached to the end of
the shaft E, in order to regulate the action of the parts B, C, D, E, and F;
II is the handle by which the shaft is turned round, and I, I, I, I, four abut-
ments fixed to the inside of the barrel A, against which the contents of the
churn are beaten as the vertical spindle B is made to revolve by the rotary
action of the shaft E.
In Figures 4 and 5 I have shewn a modification of the preceeding form of
construction. Instead of four arms or vanes all working in the same place, as
D, D, D, D, I attach to the spindle B two pairs of vanes K, K, fixed one
above the other, and instead of the fixed abutments (I, I, I, I,) I make use of
a moveable breaker frame L, L, which fits into the grooves:7, 1, on the inside
of the barrel.
A third form of my improved churn is represented in Figures 6 and 7,
Figure 6 being a ground plan, and Fig. 7 an elevation. In the two forms
first before described the churning is effected by a rotary action, but in this
third form of construction I employ a pendulum movement for the purpose.
M is the body of the churn, which is of a narrow quadrangular shape; N is a
shaft fixed across the top of the churn, so as to turn freely in its bearings; O is
a square beater (shewn separately in Fig. 8) suspended from the shaft N;
P, P, are stationery breaks, fixed one at each end of the churn (one of which
is shewn separately at Figure 9,) which slide into grooves made for the
purpose, and are moveable at pleasure; Q is the pendulum handle, attached
to the end of the shaft N, having a cord R by which it is swung by hand to-
and-fro.
A fourth form of my improved churn is represented in Figure.10.. Here
the churning is effected through the agency of an archimedian screw S, which
drawing up the milk from the bottom of the churn pours it out at top upon
the perforated breaker T, where the butter is retained, and the residue of the
milk is allowed to pass through.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as of my
Invention is the improved churn of any of the peculiar forms aforesaid.
And such my said Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief
entirely new, and never before used within that part of IIer Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be
my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Speci-
fication doth comply fully, and in all respects, without reserve or disguise, with
the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained,
wherefore, I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
Invention.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid Thomas Williams came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.