IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Illius Augustus Timinis, of Stourbridge, in the County of
Worcester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SPRINGS."
Sealed the 20th May 1879, and dated the 1st March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Illius Augustus Timmis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1879.
ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS, of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS."
This Invention relates principally to the manufacture of bearing, buffer, and draw
springs for locomotive engines and railway and other carriages, but it is also
applicable to the manufacture of springs for other purposes, and consists in certain
novel arrangements and construction of springs and the parts and fittings thereof.
The objects of the Invention are, first, to dispense as far as possible with friction
in the working or action of the springs; secondly, to give a maximum of power and
sensitiveness, and a highly resilient action to the springs with a minimum of weight;
and, thirdly, to ensure as far as possible an immunity from breaking in working.
The first part of the said Invention relates to the construction of "long" springs to
be used instead of laminated and other long springs, and consists in taking bars of
steel and placing them side by side, or in any convenient manner, not touching
each other, so as to avoid friction.
By preference I use bars of unequal section so as to get an unequal temper in the
thick and thin parts, and by this means I get an enormous power with a reduced
weight. I also find that by having suitable grooves of a rounded form, by preference
rolled in the bars, the resiliency, as well as the strength of the springs, is increased
in the same way that a sword blade is strengthened, and its resiliency improved by
having its sides grooved. The bars are by this means made lighter, and the skin
surface is increased.
The two principles of unequal temper and grooves can be used separately or
tarathon

page_text: In using these springs as railway springs, I prevent any jar in travelling from
the axle box coming in contact with the guide bars, by fixing the ends of the
springs in proper supports from the sole plate.
Another part of the said Invention consists in rolling the bars so that they have
a larger sectional area at the middle than at the ends, to give additional sensitive-
ness if desired.
I prefer to make the bars so that when fixed under the initial pressure of the
load they have to carry, for whatever purpose thoy may be fitted, they shall be as
near as possible straight.
Springs made in accordance with the above description combine the advantages
of laminated springs with an absence of friction, superior sensitiveness and resiliency,
are not so liable to break, and in case of breakage of one part, several parts or the
whole are more easily replaced.
When the springs consist of several parts they can be kept in place, whether
used for bearing or other purposes by any suitable wood, metal, or other bearings
and fastenings at the centre and at the ends.
Another part of the said Invention consists in coiling unequal section bars with
or without grooves as herein before described in a volute or conical form, after the
manner of the well known "Brown's springs." For volute or conical springs I roll
the bars with parallel sides. These springs are stronger than the ordinary Brown's
conical springs, and not so liable to break.
"
Another part of the said Invention consists in fixing the above named volute, or
conical, or spiral, or "nest" springs, or any of them in conjunction with my "long
springs, or in conjunction with one or more bars of channel angle, teo, or other
suitable bars of iron or steel as bearing springs, or. the same arrangements may be
modified in detail, but the principle retained for using them as draw or buffer
springs. The supporting bars may be straight or bent, and the ends properly tied
or fixed to the sole plate if used as bearing springs to prevent jarring as herein-
before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Illius Augustus Timmis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
August 1879.
"
ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS, of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester. 'IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPRINGS."
This Invention relates principally to the manufacture of bearing, buffer, and draw
springs for locomotive engines and railway and other carriages, but it is also
applicable to the manufacture of springs for other purposes, and consists in certain
novel arrangements and construction of springs, and the parts and fittings thereof.
The objects of the Invention are first to dispense as far as possible with friction
in the working or action of the springs; secondly, to give a miximum of power
and sensitiveness and a highly resilient action to the springs with a minimum of
weight; and, thirdly, to insure as far as possible an immunity from breaking in
working.
The first of the said Invention relates to the construction of "long" springs
to be used instead of. laminated and other long springs, and consists in taking bars
of steel and placing them side by side, or in any convenient manner, not touching
each other, to avoid friction.
By preference I use bars of unequal section so as to get an unequal temper in the
thick and thin parts, and by this means I get an enormous power with a reduced
weight. I also find that by having suitable grooves of a rounded form by prefer-
ence rolled in the bars, the resiliency as well as the strength of the springs is
increased in the same way that a sword blade is strengthened, and its resiliency
improved by having its sides grooved. The bars are by this means made lighter,
and the skin surface increased. The two principles of unequal temper and grooves
can be used separately or together.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention, I will now proceed to
describe in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, and in order that the same may be clearly understood
I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked
the same with figures corresponding with those in the following explanation.
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing illustrates various forms of sections of bars which
I employ for this purpose, and Fig. 2 shows some of the methods of grouping the
same.
In using these springs as railway springs, I prevent any jar in travelling from
the axle box coming in contact with the guide bars by fixing the ends of the springs
in proper supports from the sole plate, as shown at Fig. 3.
Another part of the said Invention consists in rolling the bars so that they have
a larger sectional area at the middle than at the ends, to give additional sensitive-
ness if desired, as shown at Fig. 4.
I prefer to make the bars, so that when fixed under the initial pressure of the
load they have to carry, for whatever purpose they may be fitted, they shall be as
near as possible straight.
Springs made in accordance with the above description, combine the advantages
of laminated springs with an absence of friction, superior sensitiveness and resiliency,
are not so liable to break, and in case of breakage of one part, several parts, or the
whole, are more easily replaced.
When the springs consist of several parts, they can be kept in place, whether
used for bearing or other purposes, by any suitable wood, metal, or other bearings
and fastenings at the centre and at the ends.
Another part of the said Invention consists in coiling unequal section bars with
or without grooves as hereinbefore described in a volute or conical form, as shown
at Fig. 5, after the manner of the well known "Brown's" springs.
For volute or conical springs, I roll the bars with parallel sides. These springs

page_text: "
are stronger than the ordinary Brown's conical springs, and not so liable to break.
I also sometimes make "nested" springs, as shown at Fig. 6, and in some cases I
prefer to make these springs with the section vertical or on edge, as in the volute..
Another part of the said Invention consists in fixing the above named volute or
conical or spiral or "nest" springs, or any of them, in conjunction with my "long
springs, or in conjunction with one or more bars a, a, of iron or steel as bearing
springs, as shown at Fig. 7, or the same arrangements may be modified in detail,
but the principle retained for using them as draw or buffer springs. The supporting
bars a, a, may be straight or bent, and the ends properly tied or fixed to the sole
plate if used as bearing springs to prevent jarring, as herein before described.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together withi
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,―
First. The use of unequal section bars of steel (of which there may be an infinite
variety of shapes), so as to get an unequal temper, and also curved and other shaped
grooves in the bars for the purposes hereinbefore set forth for making "long
springs" to be used in place of laminated springs, as hereinbefore described in
principle.
Secondly. The use of unequal section bars of steel, with or without grooves, as
herein before set forth for making conical or volute springs, and also nest springs, as
herein before described in principle.
Thirdly. The use of unequal section, cylindrical, or conical spiral springs, or
conical volute springs or nest springs, in conjunction with one or more bars to be
used in place of laminated springs, as hereinbefore described in principle.
In witness whereof, I, the said Illius Augustus Timmis, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.