Improvements in the Manufacture of Compounds suitable for the Production of Ginger Beer, Herb or Botanic Beers, or other Fermented Beverages.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left. 9th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
TRUVIDIUNAU
Improvements in the Manufacture of Compounds suitable for the
Production of Ginger Beer, Herb or Botanic Beers, or other
Fermented Beverages.
I, JOHN HERON F.I.C., F.C.S., of Southampton Wharf, Battersea in the
County of Surrey, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows
The object of this invention is the manufacture or preparation of compounds
containing all the necessary ingredients except the actual water for the production
of ginger beer of the "home brewed" character or herb or botanic beers or other
fermented beverages.
With this object I take in proper proportions the special salts, flavourings or
essences necessary for producing the particular beer or beverage required and I
mix them with solid or liquid glucose, in the form of either dextro-glucose, lævo-
saccharum, glucose syrup, or cane sugar syrup or a mixture of two or more of
these. I then incorporate with the mixture the requisite quantity of pressed
yeast. I thus obtain a compound containing all the necessary ingredients for the
production of the beer or beverage except the actual water, and in this compound
the yeast is preserved by the fact of its incorporation with the glucose. When
the compound is to be used the whole mass is dissolved in water, the yeast is thus
set free and fermentation takes place.
Supposing for example it is required to make a compound suitable for the
production of ginger beer 1 proceed as follows:-1 concentrate a solution of say
dextro-glucose until it contains only about 10 to 12 per cent. of water.
While it is
still hot I add to it the ingredients usually employed in the preparation of ginger
beer. The mixture is then allowed to cool and when it is at a temperature of
about 70° Fahrenheit I thoroughly incorporate with it about one tenth of its weight
of pressed yeast. I then run the mixture into moulds where I allow it to remain
until it has set into a hard compact mass. This compound is suitable for the
production of ginger beer with the addition of water only.
When it is desired to produce beer with this compound the solid mass is broken
up into small pieces and dissolved in the requisite amount of water, preferably at
about 70° to 80° Fahrenheit, in a warm situation. Fermentation usually commences
in from 12 to 24 hours according to the surrounding temperature. After fermenta-
tion has gone on for about 48 hours the liquid can be run out, filtered and bottled
in the usual manner.
Dated this 9th day of November 1893.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Compounds suitable for the
Production of Ginger Beer, Herb or Botanic Beers, or other
Fermented Beverages.
I, JOHN HERON F.I.C., F.C.S., of Southampton Wharf, Battersea in the
County of Surrey, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
•
The object of this invention is the manufacture or preparation of compounds
containing all the necessary ingredients except the actual water for the production
of ginger beer of the "home brewed "character or herb or botanic beers or other
fermented beverages.
With this object I take in proper proportions the special salts, flavorings or
essences necessary for producing the particular beer or beverage required and I
mix them with solid or liquid glucose in the form of either dextro-glucose, loevo
saccharum, glucose syrup or cane sugar syrup or a mixture of two or more of
these. I find in practice that solid dextro glucose answers best as it sets better
and quicker than the other substances named after being mixed with yeast as
hereinafter described. I then incorporate with the mixture the requisite quantity
of pressed yeast. I thus obtain a compound containing all the necessary ingredients
for the production of the beer or beverage except the actual water, and in this
compound the yeast is preserved by the fact of its incorporation with the glucose.
When the compound is to be used the whole mass is dissolved in water, the yeast
is thus set free and fermentation takes place.
While it
Supposing for example it is required to make a compound suitable for the
production of ginger beer, I proceed as follows:-1 concentrate a solution of solid
dextro-glucose until it contains only about 10 to 12 per cent. of water.
is still hot I add to it the ingredients usually employed in the preparation of
ginger beer. The mixture is then allowed to cool and when it is at a temperature
of about 70° Fahrenheit I thoroughly incorporate with it sufficient pressed yeast
to ensure the desired fermentation when the compound is subsequently mixed with
water. The proportion will vary according to the activity of the particular yeast
used, the time of year and other circumstances but about 2 parts by weight to
100 parts of glucose may be given as an average proportion when a pure freshly
pressed yeast is employed. I then run the mixture into moulds where I allow it to
remain until it has set into a hard compact mass. This compound is suitable for
the production of ginger beer with the addition of water only.
When it is desired to produce beer with this compound the solid mass is broken
up into small pieces and dissolved in the requisite amount of water (about one
pound of the compound to one gallon of water) preferably at about 70° to 80°
Fahrenheit in a warm situation. It is very desirable to employ water that has
previously been well boiled so that any germs that it may contain shall be
destroyed. The mixture is kept well roused until the compound is completely
dissolved, then left to settle for about 12 hours and bottled off in the usual
manner.
I have found in practice that in some cases it is not advisable to add all the
necessary ingredients to the mixture of glucose and yeast but to boil some of
them up with the water because the full flavor of some of the ingredients cannot
be extracted except by boiling water. For example, if it is desired to employ
ginger root instead of essence of ginger, I introduce into the compound with the
glucose and yeast all the required ingredients such as tartaric acid, cream of tartar,
essence of lemon, &c. except the actual ginger root. Then when it is required to
make the ginger beer I boil up the ginger root with the water and allow the water
to cool down to about 70° to 80° Fahrenheit after which I add the compound.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:―
The new or improved compounds hereinbefore described suitable for the
production of ginger beer, herb or botanic beers or other fermented beverages, the
said compounds consisting of glucose, pressed yeast and all or some of the necessary
ingredients for the production of the particular beverage required, substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 9th day of August 1894.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 24th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 14th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Wooden Barrels.
I, JOSEF POLKE, of Kohlgasse Nos. 26 to 28 Vienna V, Austria, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture
of Wooden Barrels whereby such barrels are produced of a bulging form from either
a single cylindrical piece of wood or from two or more segments of a cylinder,
without requiring to remove any part or parts from such piece or pieces.
For this purpose I, according to one arrangement, either cut a hollow cylindrical
body of wood from the stem of a tree, or I bend into cylindrical form a flat plank
that has been previously steamed; or, according to another arrangement, I form
planks into cylindrical segments with parallel sides, that is, without being chamfered
at the ends like ordinary barrel staves, and I fit such segments together to form a
hollow cylindrical body. I then steam the hollow cylinder formed in either of the
above ways, so as to soften it, and if necessary impregnate it with substances for
increasing its resistance and durability, after which I subject the ends to circum-
ferential compression so as to reduce the diameter at those parts, and thus obtain
the usual bulging barrel form, which is retained by suitable hooping.
For effecting such compression of the ends I employ conical dies that are made
to advance simultaneously by hydraulic or other pressure over each end of the.
cylinder, and thereby to gradually compress them, while at the same time the
interior of the barrel is supported so as to retain the desired shape by means either
of an arrangement of levers, or by a segmental core having the required configuration
of the finished barrel, such levers or core being made to exert an outward pressure
while the ends are being compressed, so as to prevent the middle part of the barrel
from shrinking. After the barrel is removed from the compressing dies, the
supporting levers or core are removed.
The conical dies consist by preference of segmental parts that are secured to a
base plate by hinges and are held in the closed conical form by an external hoop.
On the inner surface of the segmental die is formed an annular groove in which is
placed a hoop, adapted to fit on to the compressed end of the barrel. When the
compression of the ends has been completed, the hoop retaining the segments of the
die is removed, and the segments are turned back on their hinges, leaving the barrel
free with the hoops upon their ends.
Instead of making such hoops of thin sheet metal, which is liable to become
jagged at the outer edge and thus to injure the hands of the workmen, I make the
hoops of rolled metal with a thickened or beaded edge or edges, which are not liable
to become jagged.
For fixing in the bottoms into the cask, this has circular grooves formed in its
ends as in ordinary casks, and while still soft, from the steaming, the before
mentioned hoop is temporarily removed, and the end of the cask having been
slightly sprung open, the bottom is inserted, after which the hoop is driven
on again.
The lever arrangement for supporting the interior of the barrel consists of two
outer heads connected together by adjustable tie rods so that they can be held
together at different distances apart. To each head are pivotted a set of levers
that project at a slight angle outwards and a second set that project to a slight
angle inwards, the ends of the outward directed. levers of the one head being con-
nected to the ends of the inward directed levers of the other head by pivotted

page_text: inclined links. Thus, the inner ends of the inward directed levers being made to
bear upon a fixed central support, any approach of the two heads towards each
other will cause the outward directed levers to be forced outward so as to press
upon the inner surface of the barrel, while the receding motion of the heads will
cause these levers to move inwards so that the apparatus can be withdrawn from
the barrel.
When using a segmental core, there is introduced between two of the segments a
wedge, by driving which in, the segments are expanded, while by withdrawing it
the segments are collapsed so that they can be withdrawn.
Dated this 9th day of November 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Wooden Barrels.
I, JOSEF POLKE, of Kohlgasse Nos. 26 to 28 Vienna V, Austria, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to an Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture
of Wooden Barrels whereby such barrels are produced of a bulging form from
either a single cylindrical piece of wood or from two or more segments of a
cylinder, without requiring to remove any part or parts from such piece or pieces.
For this purpose I, according to one arrangement, either cut a hollow cylindrical
body of wood from the stem of a tree, or I bend into cylindrical form a flat plank
that has been previously steamed; or, according to another arrangement, I form
planks or staves into cylindrical segments with parallel sides, that is, without being
chamfered at the ends like ordinary barrel staves, and I fit such segments together
to form a hollow cylindrical body. I then steam the hollow cylinder formed in
either of the above ways, so as to soften it, and if necessary impregnate it with
substances for increasing its resistance and durability, after which I subject the
ends to circumferential compression so as to reduce the diameter at those parts,
and thus obtain the usual bulging barrel form, which is retained by suitable
hooping.
For effecting such compression of the ends, I employ conical dies that are made
to advance simultaneously by hydraulic or other pressure over each end of the
cylinder, and thereby to gradually compress them, while at the same time the
interior of the barrel is supported so as to retain the desired shape by means
either of an arrangement of levers, or by a segmental core having the required
configuration of the finished barrel, such levers or core being made to exert an
outward pressure while the ends are being compressed so as to prevent the middle
part of the barrel from shrinking. After the barrel is removed from the com-
pressing dies, the supporting levers or core are removed. The conical dies consist
by preference of segmental parts that are secured-to a base plate by hinges and
are held in the closed conical form by an external hoop. On the inner surface of
the segmental die is formed an annular groove in which is placed a hoop, adapted
to fit on to the compressed end of the barrel. When the compression of the ends
has been completed, the hoop retaining the segments of the die is removed, and
the segments are turned back on their hinges, leaving the barrel free with the
hoops upon their ends.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing represents a longitudinal section of the
improved apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same.

page_text: On both ends of the barrel are provided two annular cones a, b, which may be
pressed on the cylindrical body and compress the same at the ends, so that it is
brought from the cylindrical form represented by dotted lines into the bulging
form shown by full lines. The pressing on of the two cones may be effected in
various ways; preferably I employ screw or hydraulic presses or steam-piston
presses, the pressing plates of which carry the cones, or a central shaft passes
through the cones, which shaft is provided with a thread or two opposite threads,
and to which the cones form the nuts, so that by turning the shaft the one cone or
both cones are moved towards each other or removed from each other.
The cones are provided with annular grooves a¹ b¹ for receiving hoops or rings c,
which, after pressing, bear tightly against the extremities of the barrel and
maintain the same in their compressed state, after which the hinged segments of
the cones are turned upon their hinges d and the barrel is removed.
When the wood is dry, it maintains its pressed form, even when the hoops cc
are removed. The bottoms of the barrels are secured by grooving the bottom
seat, removing the end hoops, opening slightly the hollow barrel body, putting in
the bottoms and pressing the hoops c on again.
Besides the usual hoops on both ends, my improved barrel has one hoop f¹ at its
middle, this being mounted before pressing in order to keep the several staves
together. The lever mechanism Figs. 1 and 2, in the interior of the barrel, for
maintaining its form during the pressing motion of the cones, consists of a number
of longitudinal levers e e hinged to transverse bars g g (provided at the extremities
of the barrel) and extending about to the middle of the hollow body where they
are connected by means of intermediate articulated links hh to the longitudinal
levers kk which are also pivotted to the transverse parts gg. When the latter
are pressed towards each other the intermediate links are moved from a more
or less inclined position into a position more or less perpendicular to the axis,
bearing at about the middle of the barrel body against the inner surface of the
latter and resting with their inner ends upon the sleeve which can be displaced
upon the central shaft m in the longitudinal direction.
In order to maintain the lever mechanism in its strained position, as shown, I
provide book-bars n n (or screw bolts) which are attached to the one transverse
part g and are hooked (or screwed) in the other opposite transverse part.
After finishing the barrel the hooks (or screws) are disengaged, the lever
mechanism is stretched out and removed from the barrel, whereupon the bottoms
are mounted as explained above.
In Fig. 1 are illustrated 2 lever systems diametrically opposite to each other,
but I may also employ 3 under an angle of 120° as shown in Fig. 2, or even more,
according to the size of the barrel.
Instead of the lever mechanism Figs. 1 and 2 1 may also employ a core
represented in Figs. 3 and 4 in a longitudinal section and front view, consisting of
several sector-like parts t t corresponding to the inner form of the barrel, and of a
wedge-shaped part t. After the pressing and removal from the shaft m, the
wedge-shaped part t¹ is pushed radially into the central bore and may be removed
at the one extremity, whereupon the other parts of the core become loosened so
that they may also be removed from the barrel.
After the barrel has been formed the book shaped rods n n are released from the
slots of the transverse parts g, the levers e to are contracted, one of the cones,
for example a is removed from the central shaft, and the formed barrel is then
drawn off from that side, after which the insertion of the heads is effected in the
above described manner.
In the case where the arrangement at Figs. 3 and 4 is employed the barrel is
drawn off, together with the filling t t' after which the wedge t' is first withdrawn,
thereby permitting of the removal of the sector pieces t.
It often happens that when the barrel-ends fall upon hard objects, the edges of
the end hoops c c receive notches which cut the hands of the operatives.
In order to avoid or prevent this inconvenience I employ end hoops formed of

page_text: -rolled iron (see Fig. 5) provided with one or two beads c c at the edges which
cannot become jagged when damaged so that they are not liable to hurt the
workmen.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is: :-
1. The process of manufacturing bulged wooden barrels which consists in first
forming a wooden cylinder either cut directly from the stem of a tree or rolled up
into cylindrical form from one or more flat planks, which cylinder is then softened
by steaming or other means, after which its ends are simultaneously compressed to
a smaller diameter than the middle part by means of conical dies, substantially as
herein described.
2. The process of manufacturing bulged wooden barrels from straight staves
that are not chamfered, which consists in uniting such straight staves to a
cylindrical form in which position they are maintained by driving on a hoop at or
about the middle, then softening the staves by steam or hot water and then com-
pressing both ends to a smaller diameter than the middle part by means of conical
dies corresponding in form to the barrel, substantially as described.
3. Apparatus for manufacturing bulged wooden barrels in the manner referred
to in the preceding claims, consisting of two conical dies ab of a form corre-
sponding to that required for the ends of the barrel, and constructed of hinged
.segment which dies are provided with annular grooves a² 6 into which are put
hoops c, so that when the ends of the barrel have been compressed by the dies
into the tapering form required and the dies are removed, by opening out their
hinged segments, the hoops c will remain on the barrel and secure it in the
compressed form, substantially as described.
4. In combination with the apparatus referred to in the preceding claim, the use
of a supporting device in the interior of the barrel for preventing the shrinking of
its middle part during the compression of its ends, consisting of a system of
articulated levers e, k, h, operating in combination with a central support and
transverse end pieces,g in such manner that when these are forced towards each
other the lever system is expanded so as to press against the inner surface at the
middle of the barrel, substantially as described.
5. In combination with the apparatus referred to in the third claim, the use of a
supporting device in the interior of the barrel for preventing the shrinking of its
middle part during the compression of its ends, consisting of a core corresponding
to the form of the barrel, with a central bore and composed of several sector-like
parts t t and a wedge shaped part t¹, by the withdrawal of which the sector parts
are enabled to be removed after the completion of the operation, substantially as
described.
6. The use for wooden barrels of metal hoops c c having one or more beads c¹ c²
round their edges, for the purpose described.
Dated this 24th day of April 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for Applicant.