matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS, WALLS, AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Van Praagh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1883.
WILLIAM VAN PRAAGH, of Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS, WALLS,
AND OTHER OBJECTS,
According to my Invention the apparatus is composed of a socket, upon which
is mounted, by means of a moveable joint, a frame or board, capable of being set
at any angle, and to which is attached on both sides of this frame or board, a
clip or clips, hinged to the edges of the frame or board.
A handle is inserted in the socket for the purpose of reaching with the apparatus
the parts of windows, walls or other objects to be cleaned or cleansed.
Between the clips, and over the top edge of the board or frame, is placed the
cloth, sponge or other appliance for cleaning or washing.
The apparatus may be used without the handle according to the requirements
of the case.
Springs fixed to the said frame or board act upon the clips and cause them to
retain the cloth, sponge or the like in place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REFINING PARAFFIN
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caesar Crellin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1883.
CAESAR CRELLIN of Leytonstone in the County of Essex, Wax refiner,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REFINING PARAFFIN."
I take paraffin and melt it in a suitable vessel supplied with one or more cocks
at or near the bottom and keep it at a temperature of about 170° F. I then
add 17 lbs of sulphuric acid and thoroughly agitate. I then allow about
15 minutes rest and draw off from the bottom of the mixture the precipitated
impurities-aftor which I treat the nearly clear residuum in exactly the same way
After these two
as above described and draw off the impurities as before.
cleansings I allow the temperature of the remaining melted paraffin to drop to
160° F and add thereto a mixture made of 17 lbs sulphuric acid and 34 lbs of
water, drawing off the precipitated impurities as before, I then run the clear
melted paraffin into a fresh vessel supplied with cocks where I add 170 lbs of
Fuller's earth thoroughly mix and gradually raise the temperature to about 180° F-
drawing off the precipitated impurities, this treatment with Fuller's earth I repeat,
raising the heat however in the second treatment to about 220° F, when after
drawing off the precipitated impurities I have a clear liquor which will when cold
be a highly refined wax-The temperatures given must be varied somewhat to
suit the density of the paraffin treated.
AN IMPROVED INSULATION AND MECHANICAL PROTECTION FOR ELECTRICAL WIRES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alfred Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1883.
WILLIAM ALFRED PHILLIPS of The "Lea" Telegraph Works Hackney Wick in
the County of Middlesex Electrical Engineer AN IMPROVED INSULATION AND
MECHANICAL PROTECTION FOR ELECTRICAL WIRES
This invention relates to an improved method of insulating and mechanically
protecting electrical wires.
According to my Invention the wire is first covered with one or more coats of
cotton or other fibrous material (or India rubber, Gutta percha or any other
insulating material). It is then boiled in a bath of melting Ozokerit or paraffin
wax or other suitable insulating material and then passed through a machine and
receives a longitudinal or spiral covering of strip Lead or other metal. The strip
Lead or other metal may be passed through a bath of melting ozokerit or other
insulating material leaving a thin film on the surface, the two surfaces lapping over
and receiving at the same time a covering of cotton, braiding, tape, or other
fibrous material forming protection and which presses the edges close together and
thus ensures a perfect watertight tube. It is then passed through a bath of
melting ozokerit or other suitable material and then for greater mechanical
protection covered with copper wires spirally longitudinally or braided which can
serve for the purpose of a return wire if required; it may also be covered with
any other wires.
My said invention may apply to two or more strips of Lead or other metal
forming one or more coverings.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND THE GUARDS AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rathbone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1883.
WILLIAM RATHBONE of Springfield Road New Southgate in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVED MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND
THE GUARDS AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
"
This invention consists of a means for communicating between the passengers
and guards and drivers of railway trains fitted with an atmospheric brake
According to this invention I connect to the atmospheric tube which actuates
the brake a pipe or pipes communicating with a whistle or other alarm or sight
signal placed on any convenient part or parts of the train actuated by valves in
one or more compartments of the carriages so that when such valves are opened
the air from the atmospheric tube may operate the aforesaid alarm or sight signal
or signals in order to communicate with the guard and driver of the train
PAINT OR PRESERVATIVE COMPOUND FOR WOOD OR IRON
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1883.
ROBERT JOHNSON of Boyton Woodbridge in the County of Suffolk
PAINT OR PRESERVATIVE COMPOUND FOR WOOD OR IRON
"
" A NEW
This invention has for its object a new paint or preservative compound for wood
or iron.
This paint or paint like material is a triple compound of which the essential
ingredients are Stockholm or wood tar, benzoline or like spirit (by which the tar is
thinned to a suitable degree) and ochre or other pigment by which body is given to
the compound as well as an agreeable color imparted to it.
The mixture is made without applying heat to the ingredients and it is used in a
cold state to coat the wood or other surface requiring to be painted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOATS OR LIFE SAVING APPARATUS FOR SEA USE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO LARGER VESSELS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Byrnes at the Office of the
. Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1883.
FRANCIS BYRNES of Liverpool in the county of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOATS OR LIFE SAVING APPARATUS FOR SEA USE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO LARGER
VESSELS"
This invention has for its object a boat or life saving apparatus which will be
unsinkable and stable in the water. It consists of an inverted pyramidal shaped
boat with one axis longer than the other, preferably made of wood and lined with
gutta percha, india rubber, or the like inside. Outside the sides are formed with
a series of inverted steps formed by sawing the planks diagonally. These are
designed to have a hold on the water and prevent the sides sinking in the water
when struck by a sea on the other side. The bottom is provided with a deck or
flooring with a pump well below, longitudinal and transverse stays are used to
strengthen the boat, and a cover similar to the sides with the steps pointing
outward is used formed in several parts capable of sliding over each other and
lined with rubber, canvas, or gutta percha, so that it can be thrown back on the
leeward and expanded on the windward side. Fore and aft I provide cupboards
forming bulkheads, also others in sides and steps placed along the sloping sides for
standing upon; the mast or masts can be placed in the centre of the vessel and
rowlocks can be placed in the gunwale. Being pyramidal with a keel nearly
coming to a point it can be simply dropped from the davits or thrown overboard
instead of carefully lowered as with the ships' boats at present in use.
While this invention is in the first instance intended for use with smaller boats
such as those referred to, I do not wish to confine myself thereto, as I consider it
is also applicable to boats or ships of larger dimensions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING COMBS FOR LADIES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Guillaume Antoine de
Bysterveld at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January
1883.
HENRI GUILLAUME ANTOINE DE BYSTERVELD, of Boulevard Saint Denis, N° 1, at
Paris, Hair-Dresser, IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING COMBS FOR LADIES,
For purposes of dressing the hair ladies make use of hair pins or prongs of shell,
horn, or other material, and the head of such pin or prong remains in sight, and
constitutes, in some manner, a decorative ornament to the toiletto. A certain skill
is necessary on the part of the operator, to attain with these pins the formation of
a head dress, which, as a whole shall present by the regularity of its elements, and
by the symmetry of its principal parts, a head dress of an elegant and even artistic
character.
My improved comb renders the services of a skilled hairdresser unnecessary, as
it carries its own hair pins or prongs, the heads of which are so arranged as to
receive the locks of hair, plaits, tresses, or the like, and which by their regular
and symmetrical arrangement always ensure a satisfactory dressing of the hair.
Now, according to one arrangement, my improved comb is composed of three
hair pins or prongs which are connected together by a cross piece, and the lower
juxtaposed portions of which form, by their combination, a continuous comb. The
heads of these pins or prongs are formed with eyes, loops, slots, or intervening
spaces, or openings into and out of which a lock; or locks, or plait or plaits, or
tresses of hair may be passed and arranged, as desired, their heads boing left bare
and visible.
In another arrangement the head of the comb is provided with three curved
headed pins or prongs, and the teeth of the comb proper are finer. But instead of
three pins or prongs, five may be arranged together.
In another arrangement the looped heads of the pins or prongs may be rectilineal,
and six in number.
In another arrangement the pins or prongs are arranged in a transverse direction,
or they may radiato towards a centro; in this latter case the comb may be hinged
so as to adapt itself to all styles of hair dressings.
By this combination of a comb with any number of pins or prongs, attached or
combined therewith, various suitable and decorative forins may be provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE FENCES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by James Brown Oliver, of Pittsburgh, Pennslyvania, United
States of America, Merchant.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, " IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF WIRE FENCES [a communication to him from abroad by James
Brown Oliver, of Pittsburgh, Pennslyvania, United States of America, Merchant]
"
This invention relates to wire fences, and consists in the combination with two
or more twisted strands of wire, of a tablet or warning plate interposed at intervals
between the strands.
The object of my invention is to make the wire fence visible to cattle in order
that they may be warned and avoid the barrier, and thus reduce the liability of
their coming against it and tearing the wires from the post, or, when the fence is
provided with barbs, from being lacerated by them.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide tablets or warning plates
which are intended to be made of sheet metal cut to the requisite size and shape
and are slit diagonally at the corners, and the metal bent outwardly in opposite
directions, thus forming eight points, four on each side. The tablets are inserted
between the strand wires at suitable distances apart, the strand wires fitting in the
slits at the corners and being twisted together on each side of the tablets.
The said points may be bent out to such an extent that they will form barbs,
and the tablets will in this case, when used with plain wire, answer the double
purpose of rendering the fence visible and providing it with barbs. When used
with wire provided with barbs, the points need not be spread out so far, but only
far enough for the wire strands to enter the slits
Instead of being slit diagonally at the corners, dovetailed sections may be cut in
the body of the tablet or warning plate, and the sections thus formed turned
outwardly, thus forming a longitudinal slot near each end of the tablet, and the
portions projecting outwardly from the face of the tablet forming barbs. In this
case the strand wires will be inserted in the slots and thus the tablet will be held
in place when the strand wires are twisted together. In addition to this, if desired,
D...911

page_text: the corners of the tablet may also be slit and the points turned in opposite
directions to form barbs and increase the efficiency of the fence as a barbed fence.
The advantages of my invention consist in the security with which the tablets
are fastened in the wires, the lightness and durability of the tablets, and the fact
that they make a wire fence to which they are applied, so prominent that it is
quickly seen by cattle.
Moreover when the barbs are formed as stated they are strong and cheap as they
are formed on, and constitute a part of, the tablet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POSTS FOR SUPPORTING WIRES FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER ELECTRICAL PURPOSES AND ELECTRIC LAMPS "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Ernst Julius May of Charlton in the County of
Kent for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POSTS FOR SUPPORTING WIRES
FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER ELECTRICAL PURPOSES AND ELECTRIC LAMPS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Ernst Julius May at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1883.
"IMPROVEMENTS
CARL ERNST JULIUS MAY of Charlton in the County of Kent
IN POSTS FOR SUPPORTING WIRES FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER ELECTRICAL
PURPOSES AND ELECTRIC LAMPS"
Posts for supporting telegraph or other wires for electrical purposes or electric
lamps have often been made of iron tubes put together in convenient lengths,
and various means have been adopted for jointing those lengths together. My
invention consists in a method of jointing them, which is simple and economical,
and ensures great stability in the united lengths. For this purpose I make the
upper end of each lower length of tube to which an upper length is to jointed,
tapered to a reduced diameter at the top, and I make the lower end of the next
higher length to fit or nearly fit over the tapered end of the length below, and
in order that the lower end of the upper length may accommodate itself to the
upper end of the lower length without necessitating accurate workmanship, I cut
one or more longitudinal slits at the lower end of the upper length, which I
then place on to so as to embrace the upper end of the lower length. I secure
the joint by driving on to the split tapered part of the upper length a ring. This
ring may, if desired, be previously heated so that it will shrink and thus retain its
position with additional firmness., Or, according to another modification the upper
end of the lower tube may be slit, and be made to embrace the tapered lower end
of the upper tube, the two parts being secured by a ring as before.
and Money Checking Apparatus Manufacturer AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND CHECKING RECEIPTS OF MONEY.
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lyon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1883.
HENRY LYON of Hart Street Bloomsbury in the county of Middlesex Patent
Till and Money Checking Apparatus Manufacturer AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
INDICATING AND CHECKING RECEIPTS OF MONEY.
The object of this invention is the construction and arrangement of apparatus
of a simple character to be affixed in or to a counter or other receptacle for
indicating or exposing the money or coin taken and thus checking the receipt and
also for producing a sound at each movement when money is inserted into the
apparatus.
The invention is based upon a provious patent granted to me on the thirtieth
day of July in the year 1880 and numbered 3134.
In the specification of that patent I described certain means or appliances for
actuating a wheel in an intermittent manner and also a jumper roller to arrest the
motion of the wheel after each movement by a thumb button these appliances
being within the chamber between the two plates by which the wheel is supported.
The arrangement and operation of the moving mechanism as there described
has not been found satisfactory and the purport of the present invention is to
protect appliances which completely overcome the difficulties heretofore experienced.
According to my present invention I fit a lift wheel, (not a ratchet wheel,) at
the outside of one of the side plates and I cause the tooth of a "dog paul" to
engage with it under the action of a spring and to be disengaged under tho action
of another spring which also returns the thumb button and its lever to their
normal position. I fit a stop paul provided with a dog-tooth to engage into the
lift wheel to arrest the motion of the money-receiving wheel until the thumb
button is again depressed.
By these improvements the action is positive for each cash payment and no
tampering with the mechanism can take place thus giving greater security to the
employer and removing temptation from the employeé
IMPROVEMENTS THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PREVENTING THE FREEZING OF WATER TO BE USED IN WATER CLOSETS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Blakey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1883.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JAMES WILLIAM BLAKEY of Leeds in the County of York
THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PREVENTING THE FREEZING OF WATER TO BE USED
IN WATER CLOSETS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
"
According to my invention I apply a receptacle or box at any suitable or
convenient position between the water main and the point where such water is
discharged and I fill the said receptacle or box with rock or other salt. The water
pipe is coupled or attached to each end of this receptacle or box, so that any water
that comes from the main to the discharging point has to pass through the box.
The pipe connections are moreover so arranged that a portion only of the salt is
exposed to the rush of the water and so that only a suitable portion of the salt is
taken up each time, The water passing through the box takes up the required
quantity of salt which has the effect of preventing it. freezing.
A salt supply receptacle is arranged in connection with the aforesaid box and a
valve for re-charging the latter therefrom as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES WHEREBY A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF AIR MAY BE ADMITTED INTO, CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS, TO FACILITATE THE DRAWING OFF OF ANY PORTION OF THE SAID LIQUIDS, AND ALSO ID &C
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Branford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1883.
WILLIAM BRANFORD of Dennington in the County of Suffolk Farmer
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES WHEREBY A CERTAIN AMOUNT
OF AIR MAY BE ADMITTED INTO, CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING
LIQUIDS, TO FACILITATE THE DRAWING OFF OF ANY PORTION OF THE SAID LIQUIDS,
AND ALSO AVOID ANY DETERIORATION OF THE LIQUID REMAINING IN THE CASKS &C
WHEN THE REQUIRED AMOUNT IS DRAWN OFF;
This invention relates to an improved self closing air valve, the outer casing of
which may be constructed of wood, Metal, Vulcanite or any other substance. The
outer casing consists of a hollow Ball Tee or Knob having a hollow taper peg on
the under side which is screwed or driven into the shell of the Cask or Barrel.
The upper portion of the Valve casing is bored out and fitted with a piston or
or plunger valve which is kept up to its seat or face by means of a spiral or other,
spring. The upper stalk of this valve is arranged to project through the top of
the casing, and the lower stalk projects downwards towards the hollow peg before
described.
The valve can only be removed or forced from its seat by means of external
pressure applied to the portion of the valve stalk that projects through the upper
casing, which pressure may be exerted by a direct action or by means of a lever, or
levers.
The casing above referred to is perforated above the valve seat, and the valve is
so arranged that when it is forced from its seat, air is admitted into an annular
recess or chamber on the underside of the valve, the lower stalk of the valve
having by its downward movement scaled the opening that communicates the
annular recess with the hollow peg, when the pressure is removed from the
upper valve stalk the valve returns to its seat, the lower stalk rises, and the air
passes from the annular recess or chamber into the Cask or Vessel,
By this arrangement an exact amount of air can be passed by each action of the
Valve.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TETHERING Southampton Buildings, London, HORSES OR FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1883.. Communicated
to him from abroad by Gustaf Lettström, of Stockholm in the Kingdom of
Sweden, Bank director
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co, Patent Agents,
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TETHERING
Southampton Buildings, London,
HORSES OR FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES "-[a communication to him from abroad by
Gustaf Lettström, of Stockholm in the Kingdom of Sweden, Bank director]
The object of this invention is to provide a tether (for horses or other animals)
easy of transport, occupying a small space, and capable of being readily attached to
a tree or the like.
According to the said invention the tether is constructed as follows, that is to
say, I provide a cylinder for holding the chain, the ends of which are fixed to two
covers. The dimensions of the cylinder are such that the chain can be properly
placed therein. The said covers are provided with rings or catches, one of which
should be attached to the horse's bridle and the other to a staple. If there is no
staple, a screw fixed to one of the covers can be inserted in a tree, or post or the
like to hold the horse.
When the tether is not in use, the chain is placed in the, cylinder and the covers
are inserted in their places, and the apparatus is either carried upon the horse or
kept in the pocket.
The apparatus above described can also be used for holding dogs; one of the
rings is then attached to the collar of the dog and the other ring to a staple or the
like. If it is desired to lead the dog, one ring is attached to its collar and the
cylinder, with one cover in place, is held in the hand.
I may modify the construction of the said tether to permit its use as a coupling
for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the
Office the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1883. Communicated
to him from abroad by Sylla Auguste Giraudon of Paris, in the Republic of
France, Merchant
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN of the General Patent Office, N° 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING
communicated to him from abroad by Sylla Auguste
HEATING PURPOSES
Giraudon of Paris, in the Republic of France, Merchant
The invention communicated to me relates to improvements in apparatus for
producing or manufacturing gas for lighting and heating purposes by carburetting
air by passing it through volatile oils or hydrocarbons.
The apparatus is constructed of an air pump driven by any suitablo motor and
serving to force atmospheric air into carburetters or closed vessels filled with
volatile oil or hydrocarbon. Two or more independent carburetters are employed,
in the bottom of which open the pipes or tubes conveying the air forced therein,
the mouths of the said pipes being provided with nozzles or plates perforated with
a number of holes for the purpose of dividing the air and thus produce a more
thorough contact with the volatile oil or hydrocarbon. An air regulator or bell is
provided placed between the air pump and the carburetter and serving to regulate
the forcing in of the air. This regulator is provided with a valve which allows the
non-carburetted air to escape as soon as the production of carburetted air exceeds
the consumption thereof. A gas regulator or gasometer is placed between the
carburetters and the burners and serves to regulate the pressure of the gas.
The oils or bydrocarbons employed may be of all kinds produced from the
distillation of naphtha, petroleum, mineral tar oil, resin and the like.
A hot air motor is employed having two cylinders the outer one of which also
serves as the air pump. The inner cylinder which is in contact with the furnace
heating the air is placed in a vessel filled with water for cooling the heated air
after each stroke of the piston; the said water then passes through a conduit
provided for the purpose, to serve to reheat the exterior walls of the carburetters.
After having given up its heat to the carburetters which the evaporation of the
volatile oil has cooled this water returns around the hot air cylinder and so on
continuously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS WITH MOVABLE LEADS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Francon Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1883.
JOHN FRANCON WILLIAMS of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Editor,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS WITH MOVABLE LEADS
"
And the
The invention relates to pencils in which free leads or markers (which leads or
markers I call for convenience gravity leads) are contained in a case.
object of my invention is to secure a proper passing outwards of the gravity lead
from the case only the proper distance and when so passed outwards gripping and
holding in position for use.
The essential feature of the invention is allowing the gravity lead to advance
after applying pressure at or near the point.
I construct a case or holder with a gripper or grippers arranged and actuated in
such manner that pressure applied to the point of the gravity lead or to, the point
of the case will open the gripper or grippers of the case and allow the said gravity
lead to move or be fed forward only the required distance by its own weight or by
its own weight with the assistance of a spring.
Under one modification I construct a pencil as follows:-A cylindrical case or
stem is made at one end with a conical extension having a central opening and is
at the other end provided with a cap or cover.
Within the said case at the lower
end is a gripper fitting within the conical extension above mentioned and projecting
through the opening thereof. A spring within the cylindrical case or stem presses
on the rear of the said gripper. A tube or carrier is fitted centrally within the
case or stem and is retained in position by a disc at one end and a disc forming
the upper end of the gripper at the other. The gravity lead lies within the said
tube or carrier and is held in position for use by the gripper.
When the gravity lead is worn and it is desired that a further portion should
project beyond the gripper pressure is brought to bear on the point of the said
gravity lead so as to move it back within the tube or carrier and at the same timo
cause the gripper to move inwards and lose its hold on the said gravity lead. The
pencil is then raised and the lead or marker by the action of gravity, or otherwise
moves forward more rapidly than the gripper so that the required length projects
beyond the gripper

page_text: The central tube or carrier may be secured within the case or stem in any
suitable way. The central tube may also contain more than one lead. Other
constructions of grippers than the one herein before described may be used. The
required relative speeds of motion of the lead or marker and gripper or grippers
may, as will be obvious be obtained and regulated by frictional surfaces and
springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Partz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1883.
AUGUST PARTZ, of N° 6 Christchurch Road, Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex, IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS"
"
This invention relates to that class of electric lamps, called semi-incandescent,
in which a stick of carbon, forming the positive pole, is made to but against a piece
of carbon of a much larger section and consequently superior conductivity, forming
the negative pole, the effect being that the end of the stick becomes incandescent
and burns to a point where a light is produced which resembles that of an
electric arc.
The object of my invention is to provide a lamp of the said kind which is
self-adjusting without having any articulate mechanism and procurable at a
low cost.
The invention consists, first, in the combination, in an electric lamp, of a copper
plated or otherwise metalized stick of carbon, an upright metallic tube holding the
saine and being just wide enough to allow it freely to slide therein, and a piece of
carbon in the shape of a cone, or presenting a plain or curved incline of about
45 degrees, on which the stick of carbon stands, so that through its tendency to
slip down the incline it is always kept sufficiently braced in the tube to preserve
the necessary contact for the passage of the electric Current, the positive Conductor
of which is made to communicate with the said tube and the negative with the
said cone; second, in an electric twin-lamp in which two copper plated or otherwise
metalized sticks of Carbon, movable in upright metallic tubes, stand at opposito
sides, or nearly so, upon the incline of the carbon cone, so that, electric conductors
being attached as aforesaid, two lights are produced on the face of the same
negative pole, and thus the lateral shadow caused by a single light is avoided.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRAYS FOR BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Morton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1883.
ROBERT MORTON, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, Tinsmith, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRAYS FOR BAKERS' OVENS;"
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of trays or pans of
the kind used by bakers for carrying biscuits while in the oven.
The improved trays or pans are formed of thin sheet metal which is corrugated
longitudinally or transversely, or in both directions, and is strengthened round the
edges by a metal rod or wire, or by turning over, and beading or dishing the edge
of the sheet metal. The objects attained by so forming the trays, are the imparting
of strength and stiffness to them, while admitting of the use of extremely thin
sheet metal which is readily heated up in the oven and cooled when taken out,
and that escape of moisture may freely take place along the hollows, while the
biscuits or other articles rest on the ridges of the corrugations. To make further
provision for escape of moisture and access of air, the corrugated trays may be
perforated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INDEXING OF Books
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1883. Communicated
to him from Herbert A. de Silvera a person residing in the City and County
of New York United States of America
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INDEXING OF Books" a communication to
me from Herbert A de Silvera a person residing in the City and County of New
York United States of America
Heretofore Books have been indexed by applying to the leaves themselves at
particular intervals the characters used in guiding the search of the reader.
According to this invention concave niches are cut into the body of the leaves
of the book the said niches forming two walls on the surface of either of which
walls index characters may be impressed and be seen from two points of view
when the volume lies open to the reader.
The advantage obtained by placing the index characters upon both walls of the
concave niches is from the fact that when the reader holds a heavy volume before
him provided with this system of indexing, he can refer backward as well as
forward without first altering the position of his book.
Under the old system of indexing all the index characters were visible only
when the volume lay closed with the title page up.
This improved form of indexing is calculated to be of especial service to those
who have occasion to consult dictionaries, directories, heavy counting house
volumes, official digests, records and the like.
A striking advantage of this Invention is that the index characters impressed
upon the concave walls of these index niches may be made to appear either narrow
or broad according as the volume is pressed to one side or the other by the hand
applied to the back of the volume.
In case of a volume of moderate size, this advantage becomes especially
prominent.
In consequence of this feature incident to placing characters upon such concave
wall the said concave space may be utilized for the purpose of placing upon its
DOJI

page_text: surface a larger number of characters than could be conveniently placed upon the
exposed surface opposite.
In order to take advantage of this peculiarity in the action of segmented pages,
the index characters are impressed when the concave wall is expanded so as to
exhibit an unusually large exposed concave surface.
Being impressed under such conditions, the index characters will appear
unusually narrow when the volume is closed; but of ordinary size when the
volume lies open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC METERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Vernon Boys and Henry
Hardinge Cunynghame at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
7th February 1883.
CHARLES VERNON BOYS of Wing near Oakham in the County of Rutland and
HENRY HARDINGE CUNYNGHAME of Paper Buildings Temple in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC METERS"
Our invention relates to a construction and arrangement of electric meter or
instrument for measuring the electric current passing through a circuit, and to
modifications in the construction of electric meters of the kinds described in the
Specifications to Letters Patent granted to C. V. Boys on the 13th October 1881
No 4472 and on the 19th July 1882 N° 3434.
According to our present invention we cause the current or a known fraction of
it to work a small dynamo-electric machine which by means of a recoil escapement
drives a heavy balance. The number of revolutions of the machine measures the
amount of current passed through it in a given time. The balance, instead of
merely presenting mass, of which the inertia and momentum have to be overcome
by the power which drives the escapement, may be a magnet armature or may
carry an armature subject to the attraction of an electro-magnet excited by the
current or a fraction thereof. And in order to avoid complexity the field magnets
of the dynamo-electric machine that works the escapement may also serve to act
on the balance armature.
In the Specification N° 4472 of 1881 above referred to the oscillating balance
was or carried an iron bar subject to the action of an electro-magnet. In some
cases we modify this construction by making the oscillating balance itself an
electro-magnet subject to the action of either an electro-magnet or of two pieces of
iron constituting stationary armatures.
In the Specification N° 3434 of 1882 above referred to the means described of
bringing the impulse magnet into action consisted of an arm fixed on the oscillating
axis and presenting towards a finger mounted on one of the contact springs two
notches one on each side of a central projection. We modify the form of this arm
by giving its front edge a hollow curvature with a number of teeth or notches cut
in it so that the finger may be caught in one or other of these notches, and contact
for impulse may be made even when the extent of oscillation of the arm is very
much reduced.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UNTEASELING " WOOLLEN FIBRES, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Alfred Barlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1883. A commu-
nication to me from abroad by Thomas Overend of Paris in the Republic of
France
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW Patent Agent and Engineer of 6 St Paul's Churchyard
in the city of London, "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR UNTEASELING
"
WOOLLEN FIBRES, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR &
communication to me from abroad by Thomas Overend of Paris in the Republic of
France
This invention relates to a new or improved process for unteaseling woollen fibres
and in means or apparatus to be used therefor.
This invention is based upon the fact that wool is a very elastic material whilst
the teasel in its whole or natural state is readily broken at a relatively slight
pressure.
In carrying the invention into effect the teaseled wool is passed between rollers
held slightly apart by convenient means.
This space between the rolls is calculated so that the teasel in its whole state
cannot pass between them without being subjected to a pressure by them, but on
the other hand the wool on account of its elasticity will pass through the space
between the rolls without being retarded in its course.
The mode of proceedure adopted in carrying out the invention is to pass the
teaseled wool into a receiver or preparer to open the wool, and on its passage out
of this receiver it is passed between one or more pairs of crushing rollers.
The crushing rolls are held apart, the one from the other, either by a carrier or
bearings at the extremities, or otherwise as conveniently may be.
The wool opened by the preparer passes in a thin sheet between the rolls, but the
space between said rolls is regulated so that the teasels in their natural entire state
must be crushed before they will pass. Under these conditions the broken teasels
will fall from the machine, and those parts remaining in the wool are divided, and
deprived of the spines, furthermore the carding process which follows will almost
entirely separate out all remaining fragments.
It is found that if the teasels be dry, and in their natural state they will be
easily broken, but if they be wet or oiled they open and are rolled without being
crushed

page_text: It is therefor important to break the teasel in its natural state. As the washing
changes its hygrometric state and the warm soapy water used, dissolves a certain
quantity of the resins and gums which agglutinate the fibres of the teasel under
which said conditions the teasel becomes of a singularly supple character somewhat
resembling a textile, and to unteasel the wool mechanically under these conditions
is impossible.
The rollers described in the foregoing description in conjunction with the means
for opening the fibres may be replaced by crushing means of the character of
stamps crushers or reciprocating crushing jaws in this process of mechanically
treating the teasels in their natural or entire state for the purpose of separating 1
them out from the wool fibres
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE-DISCS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Georg Gottlieb Elias
Bischoff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April
1883.
JOHANN GEORG GOTTLIEB ELIAS BISCHOFF of Hamburg, Germany, Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE-DISCS
"
This Invention relates to improvements in discs for pump valves and the objects
of the improvements are to increase the durability of such discs and to decrease
their cost of manufacturing in comparison with rubber-valves by making them of
a very strong, but cheap material.
I therefore manufacture valve disces by uniting two or more layers of a web,
tress-work or felt made of cotton, linen, wool, jute or similar material by stitching
in such a manner as to produce concentrical pads thereon. Or the discs may be
woven with concentrical prominences (protuberances). Differences in the diameter
of the circular pieces of tissue, which are sewn together, will produce valve-discs,
the thickness of which decreases from the centre towards the border; annular
layers of the tissue may be used for manufacturing valve-discs with concentrical
pads at any desired distance from the centre.
To protect the discs thus produced against corrosion and to make them
impermeable they may be impregnated with linseed-oil, varnish or other suitable
material.
IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GAS TO BURNERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1883.
THOMAS THORP of Whitefield in the County, of Lancaster Architect.
IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GAS TO BURNERS."
"AN
The object of my Invention is to regulate the supply of gas to burners so as
to maintain an equable flow of gas under varying degrees of pressure.
I attain this by using a small metal cylinder open at the lower end and partially
closed by a flange at the upper end: from the centre of this flange rises another
and smaller cylinder, having lateral perforations or holes near the bottom end and
closed at the top. A disc is fitted loosely into the interior of the larger cylinder
so as to move freely without friction. From the centre of this disc rises a short
tube of such diameter as to allow it to slide freely in the smaller cylinder also
without friction. This short tube is partially closed by a flange near the upper
end and from the centre of this flange a smaller tube rises. The upper end of
the smaller tube has a rim on the outer side of the same diameter as the short
tube.
The above described parts are then fitted into a metal case made so as to project
slightly into the interior of the larger cylinder and thus forming a seating upon
which the disc rests, when no gas is passing to the burner. When this governor
is applied to ordinary burners, which are not intended to be taken to pieces, an
annular ring is fitted into the bottom of the interior of the cylinder, thus forming
a seating upon which the disc rests. When gas is passing to the burner a portion
passes round the edge of the disc over the flange at the top of the short tube,
through the lateral holes in the smaller cylinder and so to the burner. Another
portion of the gas passes up the tube rising from the disc, into the chamber
formed between the rim and the top of the smaller cylinder, and thus balances the
pressure on the flange on the upper end of the short tube.
The disc and tube being in equilibrium are free to move up and down in the
larger cylinder and when the pressure on the lower surface of the disc exceeds by
a certain amount the pressure on the upper surface, the disc rises and partially
closes the smaller cylinder and thus maintains an equable flow of gas to the
burner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING CONTINUOUS FEED DELIVERY OF GRANULAR OR PULVERULENT MATERIAL
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Haughton Gill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1883.
CHARLES HAUGHTON GILL of Christian Street in the County of Middlesex
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING CONTINUOUS FEED
DELIVERY OF GRANULAR OR PULVERULENT MATERIAL"
OR
My invention relates to apparatus for effecting continuous feed or delivery of
granular or pulverulent materials such as grain, pulverised charcoal or the like, this
apparatus being adjustable so as to vary the rate of feed or delivery as desired.
For this purpose, I make the channel or spout through which the material has to
pass with an elongated narrow mouth in the form of a slit, of width suitable to
the quantity and character of the material treated. Vertically under this mouth
and at a little distance below it, I mount a cylinder having its axis parallel to the
slit, and I cause this cylinder to revolve more or less slowly, so that the material
which issues from the slit, tending to heap itself on the upper face of the cylinder,
is continuously carried away by the revolution of the cylinder, from which it drops
as the periphery of the cylinder turns round.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLES FOR ROAD TRACTION OR LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edgar Newman of Burnham in the County of Essex
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLES FOR ROAD TRACTION OR
LIKE PURPOSES
"
(Void by reason of the Patentes having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Newman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1883.
EDGAR NEWMAN of Burnham in the County of Essex
VEHICLES FOR ROAD TRACTION OR LIKE PURPOSES
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to improvements in Vehicles for road traction or like
purposes and has for its object to render them more easy of draught and better
calculated to run over heavy or rough roads than are Vehicles as at present
constructed
According to my said Invention I provide the Vehicle with a number of platforms
or rests carrying wheels and I provide the body of the Vehicle with rails so that
as the platforms or rests are brought onto the road during traction the rails on the
Vehicle run over the wheels of the said platforms or rests. The said platforms or
rests may be carried by chain wheels which during traction run over pulleys on
opposite sides of the Vehicle so as to cause the platforms or rests in front to take
up their position for supporting the Vehicle as those at the rear are raised from
the ground to be thereafter carried forward by the chains over guide rails to take
up their position for in turn supporting the Vehicle-It will be seen that by this
arrangement the platforms or rests give a firm and broad bearing on the road
whilst the rails on the Vehicle run easily over the wheels continuously laid in front
of the said rails as the platforms or rests are brought (by action of the chains and
chain wheels) one after the other to the front of the Vehicle
In order to enable the Vehicle to be turned one or more of the platforms or rests
may be provided with a turntable forming the bearing upon the road-Upon this
turntable the Vehicle can readily be turned in either direction. By this mode of
traction the wagon part of the vehicle may be made low and of considerable width
and the traction is much lighter than is the case with ordinary wheeled Vehicles
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXES AND ADZES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Myers and George Neill at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1883.
THOMAS MYERS of Tinsley and GEORGE NEILL of Rotherham both places being
in the County of York "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXES AND
ADZES "
Our invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of Axes and Adzes,
the object being to very greatly reduce the cost of manufacture of such articles.
It is well understood that in the manufacture of Axes, and more especially
Adzes, great skill is required to forge the "eyes" of such tools so that they shall
be sound, and without any unnecessary waste of material-the bulk of the cost is
therefore incurred in the forging of such articles.
Now according to our invention we propose to dispense with the forging of the
eye of such tools altogether, for example in the manufacture of an Adze, we preparo
a suitable model or pattern of the eye and head of the adze, in combination with a
portion of the blade, which we term the butt, and we cast therefrom, “ moods or
moulds in cast steel or iron by the usual process.
"
The end of the butt is conveniently shaped, and upon it we weld the blade proper,
which may be of steel, or preferably of steel faced iron—and it may then be hardened
and finished in the usual manner.