Improvements in Enamel Paints for Resisting Damp, Fire, and Atmospheric Influences, and in Imitation Mosaio and other articles made therewith.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1892-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1892 -
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Enamel Paints for Resisting Damp, Fire, and
Atmospheric Influences, and in Imitation Mosaio and other
articles made therewith.
I OLAF TERP of Parkfield House Perry Vale Forest Hill, London, Engineer; do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This enamel paint is intended to supersede the use of ordinary paints or lacquers
and impart to wood, brickwork plaster of Paris, Portland cement, natural and
artificial sandstone, zinc, iron and other metals and materials, an adhesive hard,
durable, smooth face or coating in any desired colour or colours and one which
shall resist the influences of the atmosphere, water, fire and many noxious or
deleterious gases and acids while capable of being kept clean by merely washing
with cold water. The surface may further be made to have a polished, lustrous or
dead or dull appearance. The composition forming my enamel paint is suitable for
being employed when combined with other materials for producing artificial stones,
marble and the like and for other purposes as described in the Specification of my
Patent application dated 30th June 1892 No. 12174.
The enamel paint is produced by mixing chloride of calcium solution and
chloride of magnesium solution with small proportions of hydrochloric acid and
chlorated water, being a saturated solution of chlorine all in the following manner.
I make two solutions indicated by I and II and use about the proportions
hereinafter mentioned.
To this are added 2% of pure hydrochloric acid of full-strength and 1% of
chlorated water being a saturated solution of chlorine while constantly stirred.
To this mixture or solution any desired pigment may be added and then at the
time when required for use I add to the mixture about an equal quantity of what is
known in Germany as "Bittererde "(bitter -earth) and which can be procured
when required from Frankenstein in German Silesia. The surface to be coated
with the enamel paint should however be cleaned first and if of a porous nature be
brushed over with a salt solution containing about 20% of salt or other chlorides
may be used. This will prevent the undue absorption of the solution employed.
It should be noted that the substance above termed bitter earth may ha
purchased as a marketable article as stated and I prefer to use this, but as it is a
form of oxide of magnesium it may be specially manufactured for the purposes of
my invention.

page_text: The surfaces coated with the enamel paint acquire a smooth face, but if it is
desired that the surface should have a bright or lustrous appearance I rub the dry
enamelled surface over with.a hard brush. In order to give the coloured enamelled
surface a brighter colour I coat it when dry with linseed oil. The hardness of the
enamel can be made more or less by the use of more or less hydrochloric acid in
the mixture or solution.
As applied to wood it is for instance applicable to boards boarded walls floors,
skirtings, doors, door frames, win low frames and sashes partitions, staircases and
ceilings and to louvre boards and Venetian blinds. A kind of mosaic may also be
manufactured by enamelling suitably formed polygonal pieces of wood, straw board
or other material in two or more different colours and piecing them together mosaic-
like. The wood or other material thus coated obtains a smooth, bright, lustrous or
dead, fireproof, damp proof and durable surface which can be washed and resists
the entry of vermin of various kinds.
Brick walls coated with this enamel paint in the manner above indicated acquire
a smooth, lustrous or dead, surface which resists the influence of sun, wind, frost
and rain, and can be kept clean by washing. Damp underground and other new
or old damp brickwork will by means of my enamel coating be made dry in less
than a day, but the damp plaster or other coating or surface must first be removed
and then a solution of salt should be applied as above indicated before my enamel
paint is put on.
Zinc, iron, and other metals may be preserved against oxydation by means of this
enamel paint and at the same time embellished as to colour. The surfaces should
first be cleaned with suitable acid or water acidulated for instance with hydrochloric
acid.
Plaster figures, ornaments and the like acquire by means of this enamel a stone
hard surface so that they withstand atmospheric influences and can be kept clean.
Two or more coats should be applied.
Castings in Portland or other cement and other compositions may, by one or
more coatings with this enamel paint, be made to acquire a hard smooth, lustrous
or dead surface the fine cracks often occuring in them being filled.
Sandstone and other soft stones may, by one. or more coatings with the enamel
paint, be given a hard durable surface, the pores being thoroughly filled with the
enamel and the surface rendered impervious to water and frost.
The enamel paint is of special importance for rendering wood, paper, cardboard.
and other easily ignitable materials absolutely fire-proof. It is thus of great value
in many factories, such as cabinet makers' shops, saw mills, oil mills, ships, theatres
and other buildings.
For hospitals and sick-wards the enamel paint offers security against infection as
all the interior surfaces, walls, ceilings and floor, as well as the furniture, coated
therewith can be kept perfectly clean by squirting water thereon with a garden
engine and then wiped dry. So also for schools, prisons and workhouses where the
greatest cleanliness is of importance.
--
My enamel paint may, like ordinary paints, be used for ornamenting and
decorative purposes in general.
It is also applicable as a protecting coating for metallic surfaces when submerged
in fresh or salt water and for protecting materials and compositions used as non-
conductors of heat on boilers, steam pipes and for other surfaces.
As compared with ordinary paints, the enamel paint has the advantage of much
smaller cost per pound and of one coating being generally sufficient as against
three or four.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what. I
claim is :-
First. The manufacture of what I term enamel paint solution consisting of

page_text: chloride of calcium solution and chloride of magnesium solution and small pro-
portions of hydrochloric acid and chlorated water to which solution or mixture
just before use is added "bitter earth" substantially as set forth.
Second. The use of what I call an enamel paint made as herein described for
5 coating surfaces and giving them an enamel character in the manner specified.
Dated this 30th day of June 1892.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.