AN IMPROVED STEAM BOILER
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marc Antoine François Mennons, of the British and
Foreigu Patent Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED STEAM BOILER."-A com-
munication from Adolph Keiffer, residing at Copenhagen, in the Kingdom
of Denmark
Sealed the 28th December 1860, and dated the 10th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marc Antoine François
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Peti-
tion, on the 10th July 1860.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM BOILER,"
to be as follows:-
In this boiler the furnace bars, with the exception of the first and last of
the range, are hollowed throughout their length, and give passage to the water
which is carried by them into two flat pipes situated before and behind the
grating. From thence the water passes into four reservoirs, placed onein each
corner of the boiler, and communicating laterally with a series of pipes, and
with the general water tank above. The steam formed in the flat pipes passes
thus iuto the corner reservoirs, and from thence by the water tauk into the
P. S/1

page_text: steam chamber at the top. The casing of the apparatus may be opened at
will by means of pivot hinges fitted to the corners. The arrangement is
completed by entry and exit water and steam pipes, stop cocks, safety valves,
and other accessories of ordinary steam boilers.
SPECIFICATION-in-pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARC
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of Frauce, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Lotters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reigu,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Marc Autoine François Mennons, Her special licence that I, the said
Marc Antoine François Mennons, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, my execu-
tors, administrators and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "AN IMPROVED STEAM BOILER,"
(a communication from Adolph Keifler, a person resident at Copenhagen, iu
the Kingdom of Denmark,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Marc Antoine François Mennons, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention.
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manuer the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the figures of the accompanying
Drawing, and to the letters marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Figure 1 is an elevation of the complete boiler with the auxiliary apparatus

page_text: X; Figure 2 is a transversal section of the same through A, B; Figure 3 is
a horizontal section through C, D; Figure 4 is a horizontal section through
E, F; Figure 5 is a transversal section of the apparatus X through G, H,
J is the general water space or tank; K, steam chamber; L, L, L, L', are
four reservoirs situated one in each corner of the boiler.
a, a, a, are the bars of the grate; a', a', supports of the grate; b, b, iron
plates which prevent the cold air from passing between the grate and the
mantle ; b, b, iron plates preventing the flame from escaping into the
chimney before it has passed by the heating surfaces; c, c, flat water pipes,
the sides of which varying from one-fifth to one-eighth of an inch in thickness,
form the principal heating surfaces. The steam produced in these pipes
passes to the corner reservoirs with which they communicate, and from thence
to the steam chamber above. c', c', are small bars of iron rivetted to the flat
pipes, and offering resistance to the internal pressure of the steam against the
sides of the reservoirs d, d. Instead of such bars a simple band may be
reserved on each side of the pipes at the point of junction with the reservoirs,
thus forming a raised edge; or, again, the pipes may be traversed by screw
bolts, the heads of which serve as points of resistance; c¹¹, c¹, are screws
connecting the flat sides of the pipes, and enabling them to withstand the
pressure from within; d, d', represent the flanges of the sides d, d; e, e, are
four iron plates closing the external openings of the four reservoirs L',L³, L³, L',
and two adapted to L' and L³ being removed when the boiler has to be cleaned
within;ff, represent the bottom of the water tank, which communicates
with the four corner reservoirs; g. 9, 9, g, represent the four bottoms of these
reservoirs; g', g', are brackets rivetted to the reservoirs, and serving as
supports to the boiler; 4, i, are the sides of the steam chamber, in which are
fitted the safety valve, discharge pipe, &c., &c., as in ordinary boilers;
k, chimney; 7, dome; m, lower part of the chimney with double sides, filled
with cinders or powdered coke; n, n, moveable sections of m, which are taken
off when required to clear the cinders and soot from the heating surfaces;
n', n', are small apertures by which the cold air enters and mingles with the
smoke produced in the apparatus X. These apertures should be so arranged
as to regulate the introduction of air according to the amount of smoke
produced. 0, 0, are bolts, which, traversing the boiler, strengthen it, and
enable it to resist the internal pressure; p, p, port or door of the boiler;
9, port of the auxiliary apparatus X ; r, grate of the latter; r, support of this
grate; s, fire bridge surrounding the grate, and forming the sides and bottom
of the ash-box; n', n', are apertures for the adinission of cold air, as above;
t, opening in the mautle or double-sided part of the chimney, by which the

page_text: น
j
coke, or coal reduced to coke in the apparatus X is thrown on the grate a of
the boiler; u is the moveuble side of this space turning on a hinge piece
v, pipe by which the cold water is admitted to the apparatus X; x,, are the
sides of the apparatus charged with water; y, pipe by which the heated water
passes to the feeding pump. (It will be understood that there is no pressure
of steam in the auxiliary apparatus). z, chamber in which the disengaged
smoke mingles intimately with the cold air introduced by the orifices n', n¹,
before passing by the apertures of the grate a. This mixture of air and smoke
is completely consumed in passing through the bed of coke on the grate.
Instead of constructing the auxiliary apparatus in iron plate with double sides
it
may be formed of brickwork. The arrangement of the air orifices may also
be modified if desired, by placing them, for instance, under the fire bridge, the
amount of introduction being regulated by any convenient mechanism.
To get up steam in the boiler constructed as above the fire is lighted on the
main grate a and on the grater of the auxiliary apparatus X. The fire once
lighted no more fresh fuel isplaced ona, thesubsequent feeding being confined
to the grater.
The coke produced from the coal supplied to the latter grate
(r) is pushed from time to time by the opening against the door u, which,
turning over, throws the charge on the grate a. A portion of the coke is,
however, always left on the grater to ignite the fresh coal with which it is
fed. If so required, a plate or door may be mounted near the pipe y to
facilitate the removal of the soot from the smoke chamber z.
-
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details of form, dimensions, and general arrangement
above laid down and represented in the Drawing, as these must necessarily
vary with the different applications of the apparatus; but what 1 claim is,-
1stly, the peculiar construction of steam boilers in three or more cases,
arranged in any suitable direction to cach other, and forming water spaces in
communication with boiler tubes placed at any desired angle around the fire
place, substantially as above described and represented in Figures 2, 3, 4, of
the accompanying Drawing.
2dly, the combination of these boiler tubes placed in continuous range or
ranges, with intermediate cases or reservoirs to facilitate the communication
and circulation of the water, in manner above described and represented in
Figures 2, 3, of the accompanying Drawing.
3dly, the combination of such cases or reservoirs with water and steam
chambers above, communicating with the different water spaces, in such a
manner that the water ascends and descends while the ascending steam fills

page_text: the upper part of its chamber, as above described and represented in Figures
2, 3, of the accompanying Drawing.
4thly, the peculiaradjustment of the boiler tubes to thecorrespondingcases
by means of shoulder pieces or projections, secured as above described and
represented in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawing.
5thly, the simultaneous supply of water to two or more of the separate
reservoirs or cases contained in the boiler, or to the entire number, as
desired.
6thly, the application to boilers constructed as above, of an auxiliary
apparatus, which may serve at the same time as extra furnace, and as supply
chest for pre-heating the feed water, substantially as above described and
represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
M. F. MENNONS. (L.s.)