CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY BY WHICH THE SAME ARE MANUFACTURED
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN LAW,
of York Place, Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of
January, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her Heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Law, my exors, admors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full por er, sole privilege and authority, tinat
I, the said John Law, my exers, admiors, and assigns, or such others as I.
the said John Law, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend.within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey.
Alderney, Surk, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plan-
tations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN YARNS, AND IN
THE MACHINERY BY WHICH THE SAME ARE MANUFACTURED;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Juhn Law, shall cause a parti-
cular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six enlender months next aud immediately after the date of the said

page_text: in part rerited Letters Patent, as in and by the same. reference being there-
unto bad, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Law hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, are fully described in and by the present
Specification thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed.
that is to say :-
The nature of my said improvements in yarns consists in manufacturing
them of two or more different fibrous materials, such, for example, as flax and
wool, or flax and cotton, or flax and silk, or cotton and wool, or cotton and
silk, or flax, cotton, and wool, or of two or more different layers of fibrous
materials. one, or both, or all of which may consist of a single material, or a
mixture of materials, as, for example, a roving of flax may be combined with
a mixture of sheep's wool and cotton wool, and in so combining them, that
each of materials or layers of materials shall envelop, or be enveloped by,
another of the said materials or layers of materials, (instead of being inter-
mixed one with another in the manner of ordinary mixed yarns,) and so also
that the material which is of the greatest tenacity, or cheapest, shall form the
innermost core of the yarn, and the material or materials which is or are of
the most fleecy and downy, or costly quality, shall form an exterior coating or
covering, and be the only part of the yarn visible. And the manner in which
the said compound yarnsare manufactured is as follows:-Supposing the yarn
is to be a compound of cotton and wool,I take the cotton which has been already
span into yarn or roving, and envelope it with the wool by means of a machine,
such as represented in the Drawings annexed, which consists of an adaptation
of the ordinary carding machine.called a finisher or condenser, to the purposes
of the present Invention, with some few additions.
Figure is a front view of this machine; Figure 2 a right-hand end elevation
of it: Figure 3 a left-hand elevation; and Figure 4 an end elevation of the
fore part of the machine on an enlarged scale. S, S, is the framework of
the machine: H is the main cylinder, which is fourteen inches in diameter,
exclusive of the filleting, which is about three-eighths of an inch deep;
D.D.are the feed rolls, having gear wheels of three and and a quarter inches in
diameter: E, stud gear, which may be dispensed with when only one pair of
feed rolls is used; A. A, are the stripping cylinders, the pulleys of which are
six inches in diameter. B, B, the working or cleaning cylinders, having
pulleys also six inches in diameter; C is the fancy cylinder, with pulley of two
and three quarter inches in diameter; l' is the doffer, which is eight and three
quarter inches in diameter, and has rows of filleting corresponding with the

page_text: number of spindles employed in connection therewith. N, 1, 2, 3, 4, repre-
sent two pairs of delivery rolls, which are formed of iron covered with
leather; the roll 1 is two inches in diameter, and the others of one and a
quarter inches in diameter, and the rolls 2 and 4 are fluted. L is a twelve
inch pulley with a pinion on its axis of one and a half inches diameter, and
twenty-two teeth, which takes into and drives an eight inch wheel V of one
hundred and twenty-eight teeth, which gives motion to the feed rolls D, D;
P is a twelve inch pulley on the main shaft, by which the stripping and fancy
cylinders and cylinder G are driven. The working or cleaning cylinders are
driven from a wheel y of three inches diameter on the doffer shaft, which
again derives its motion from an eight inch wheel S³, of one hundred and
twenty-eight teeth, which is worked by a pinion », oftwenty-two teeth, on the
axis of an eight inch pulley I, which is worked from a pulley R, of two
inches; on the end of the main shaft G is a wooden cylinder through which
motion is given, by cords as usual, to the spindles d, d, d; M is a twelve inch
pulley which regulates the ordinary heart motion T, for raising and lowering
the spindles; K is a wheel of eleven and a quarter inches diameter, and two
hundred and twenty-five teeth, which drives the delivering roll 2, through the
medium of a pinion of one and a quarter inches diameter, and twenty-three
teeth. The delivering roll 1 is made to revolve in an opposite direction to the
doffer by the friction against it of the under roll 2, so that after the wool
from the doffer has been once introduced between the rolls 1 and 2, these rolls
perform the office of a comb in regard to the doffer stripping off the wool
from it in a thin and very loose filament, which, after passing between the two
rolls 1 and 2, goes between the rolls 3 and 4, to which last pair motion is
given from the roll 2 by the intervening pinion m³. As the filament of wool
enters between the rolls 1 and 2 it comes into contact with the cotton yarn or
roving g carried from a bobbin e, which is mounted on bearings immediately
overhead, and the two materials are carried forward together between the
rolls 3 and 4, which may be made to revolve at a greater speed than at 1 and
2, in order that they may draw and press together the two materials. From
between the rollers 3 and 4 the materials, thus partially united, descend into
the nose of a dead spindle d of the ordinary and well-known construction, by
the action of which the filament of wool is twisted round the cotton yarn of
roving, and made to envelope it closely and firmly, and an additional twist is
given at the same time to the cotton yaru or roving, so that the product is a
yarn having all the appearance of woollen yarn, but of much greater strength
than any yarn made wholly of wool. V is the pulley for receiving motion
from the prime mover.

page_text: In the Drawing. Figure 1, the spindles d, d, are represented as being placed
directly under the delivering rolls, but since the construction of the machine
from which the Drawing was made it has been found in practice that if the
materials are passed to the spindles in an oblique direction, say, at an angle of
thirty degrees, as indicated by the dotted lines in the Figure, yarn of a much
better quality is produced; in order to effect this improvement, therefore, the
spindles should be | Inced sufficiently to the left of the delivering rolls to pro-
duce the said angle of inclination. Should the preponderance of weight of
the upper roll over the roll 2 beneath not produce a sufficient degree of
friction between them to enable the former to strip the wool from the doffer, a
weight may be suspended from the former to effect the desired end.
The cotton yarn or roving instead of being brought from the bobbin e
between both the setts of rolls 1 and 2 and 3 and 4, may be carried directly
between the rolls 3 and 4, as indicated by the dotted line min Figure 4, and
there first brought into contact with the filament of wool ; or the cotton
yarn or roving may be passed along with the wool between the first set of
rollers (1, 2,) only, and the others (3 and 4) be dispensed with; but I prefer
that the cotton yarn or loving, as well as the wool which is to envelope it,
should be passed through both sets of rolls, and subjected to the Drawing and
pressing process before mentioned as being eflected by the greater speed of the
one set of rolls as compared with the other. The top roll 3 may have a lateral
sliding motion as well as a rotary motion given to it, when it will act in the
same way as the ordinary list condenser, and deliver the materials to the dead
spindle in a much more compact state than when all the rolls have merely a
rotary morion given them. The upper rolls 1 and 3 are made in pairs, as
shewn in Figure 5, (which is an elevation of the rolls 1 & 2,) in order that
they may be raised more readily out of their bearings when required.
In the machine represented in the Drawings, a single doffer only is used,
with separate rows of filleting on all the cylinders, but it will be obvious that
two doffers may be employed if deemed expedient; in which case, however,
all the other iron cylinders (exclusive of the doffer cylinders) must have con-
tinuons sheets of card clothing.
From the description which has been thus given of the manner of mann-
facturing compound yarns of cotton and wool, the mode ofinanufacturing such
yarns of any other materials, two or more, and the modification (if any)
necessary for the purpose will be readily deduced by any workman of ordinary
skill and intelligence.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that I make no claim to any

page_text: of the parts of the machinery before described as being in and by itself new
and original, but that the improvements which I claim asconstituting my said
Invention are as follows:-
First, I claim the manufacturing of compound yarns made of two or more
different fibrous materials, or of two or more different layers of fibrous mate-
rials, one, or both, or all of which layers may consist of a single material or
of a mixture of materials, and each of which materials or layers of materials
envelopes or is enveloped by another of the said materials or layers of
materials; the materials of greatest tenacity or cheapness being innermost,and
the material or materials of the most fleecy or downy or costly quality on the
outside, as before exemplified and described. And.
Second, I claim the machinery by which the compound yarns before
described are manufactured, in the general arrangement and combination of
parts of which the same consists, as being a new arrangementand combination
of machinery for the purposes of the present Invention.
In witness whereof, I, tho said John Law have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.