Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1897-Accepted, '17th July, 1897
I ALBERT LOHMANN, Engineer, of 111 Köpenicker Strasse, Berlin, German Empirǝ,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the means or devices for producing
colour-effects in illumination.
It is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1, shows in elevation a single shade and lamp embodying this invention a part
of the shade being represented as broken away.
Fig. 2 shows a number of shades and, lamps combined to form a letter..
Fig. 3, illustrates the application of my invention to ornamental devices.
Like letters represent like parts in all the figures.
In Fig. 1A is a shade, here shown as being hexagonal, and a is an incandescent
electric lamp mounted within the shade 'A. The incandescent lamp is partly coloured,
as indicated at 1 partly clear as represented at 2. The interior of the shade A is also
coloured, and all its sides may be of the same colour, or the colour of the several
sides may be different.
Now when the lamp is made as shown in Fig. 1 and lit (i.e. when current ispassing
through the filament) and the lamp is viewed" end on "the colour of the lamp and
that of the shade will be clearly perceived by the eye, as the shade then reflects light
principally from the uncoloured part of the lamp and the light that reaches the eye
from the latter is that emitted from the coloured part. In viewing the arrangement
from either side, the eye receives mingled rays from the lamp and from the shade so
that the colours appear modified and this modificatitn varies according to the position
of the eye relatively to the lamp a and shade A. If the spectator passes in front of
the lamp he will first perceive the colours in their extreme modification these will
seem gradually to alter until the pure colours of the screen and lamp are seen, and
as he proceeds onward the colours will again appear gradually to vary.
The effect upon the eye is not unlike that produced by the play of colours in what
are known as "shot" silk fabrics.
In Fig. 2, a number of such devices is shown combined to form a letter, a V in this
instance. Such an arrangement may be used for decorations, for advertisements and
for similar purposes.
In this figure some of the shades A A, are shown as being
hexagonal, some A' A' as circular, and others A" and A" A as quadrangular and
heptagonal respectively.
In all these cases the arrangement and effect are substantially the same and the
lamps in every case may be coloured as shown in Fig. 1, where the lamp is, as it were,
divided into top and bottom portions, or it may be divided lengthwise, so that the
sides (right and left) are of different colours.
In Fig. 3 I have shown a variety of lamps and shades combined to form the device

page_text: of a crown and in this figure also A', A¹, are circular shades, and A", A", quadrangular,
whilst at A, triangular shades are shown.
By a choice of suitable colours and by varying the nature of the inner surface of
the shades a great variety of effects may be obtained, thus some of the inner surfaces
of the shades may be polished, others dull, and so on.
It will be readily understood from the foregoing that I do not confine myself to the
particular shapes of the shades that I have shown on the drawings, and that the
improved devices hereinabove described (each consisting of a lamp and shade,
coloured to produce effects such as specified) may be used singly, or grouped in any
suitable manner so as to form letters, words, designs, or ornaments and the like. It
will also be understood that I am well aware that incandescent lamps have heretofore
been surrounded by, or enclosed in, shades and combined to form letters, devices, and
the like, and I do not claim such known arrangements..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of an incandescent electric lamp, the several parts whereof are
of different colours, with a coloured shade, the two being so arranged as to appear of
different colours according to the point from which they are viewed as herein above
set forth and specified.
2. The combination of a number of incandescent lamps whose several parts are of
different colours, each lamp being enclosed by a suitable coloured shade the whole
forming a letter, device, or ornament appearing of different colour or colours
according to the point of view from which it is seen as hereinabove specified and for
the purpose set forth.
Dated this 25th dr 1000
BERNHARD DUKES,
226 High Holborn, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.