IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING AND TILLING LAND
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Jeanneret, of Great Titchfield Street,
in the County of Middlesex, M.D., for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING AND TILLING LAND."
Sealed the 15th March 1854, and dated the 15th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Jeanneret
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th September 1853.
I, HENRY JEANNERET, of Great Titchfield Street, in the County of
Middlesex, M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING AND TILLING LAND" to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of tines, spades, or cutting plates mounted
upon a horizontal axis, and of two rings or grooved discs attached to
the tines, spades, or cutters, or to arms towards each end of the axis.
It consists also of two pins or buttons traversing in the grooves of
the discs or on the inner circumference of the rings. The cylinder is
made to revolve by means of beams or other tractive media attached
at one end to the pins or buttons, and at the other either directly to
the animal or mechanical power employed, or mediately to a carriage

page_text: before. The cylinder is pressed downwards, either by weight applied
upon the ends of the axis, or by levers attached to the carriage in
front and passing over the ends of the axis. The cutting plates are
vertical or horizontal, or both; when horizontal, sufficient space is left
between the inner edges of them and the axis of the cylinder to admit
of the complete discharge and reversal of the clods or admixture of the
earth. Sometimes an entire disc is made to revolve the aforesaid rings.
The spades; tines, or cutters are usually fixed, but may be jointed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Jeanneret in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HENRY JEANNERET, of Great Titchfield Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, M.D., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Jeanneret, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Jeanneret, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Jeanneret, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DIGGING AND TILLING LAND," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Jeanneret, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Jeanneret, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of tines, spades, or cutting plates mounted
upon a horizontal axis, and of two rings or grooved discs attached to
the tines, spades, or cutters, or to arms towards each end of the axis.
It consists also of two pins or buttons traversing in the grooves of
the discs or on the inner circumference of the rings. The cylinder is
made to revolve by means of beams or other tractive media attached
at one end to the pins or buttons, and at the other either directly to the
animal or mechanical power employed, or mediately to a carriage before.
The cylinder is pressed downwards, either by weight applied upon the
ends of the axis, or by levers attached to the carriage in front and
passing over the ends of the axis. The cutting plates are vertical or
horizontal, or both; when horizontal, sufficient space is left between
the inner edges of them and the axis of the cylinder to admit of the
complete discharge and reversal of the clods or admixture of the earth:
Sometimes an entire disc is made to revolve the aforesaid rings. The
spades, tines, or cutters are usually fixed, but may be jointed.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
My Invention consists in the arrangement of apparatus for digging
by tractive means, and for this purpose I arrange a machine composed
of two discs A, A, of cast iron or other suitable material. These discs
have sharp wedge-like edges, which may be serrated, and are connected
together by an axle a, a, and by eight bars b, b', forming a square
around the axle. The discs have a groove c, on their outer sides behind
the cutting edge, of sufficient depth and width to receive a friction
roller d, around which they traverse freely. The axle projects outside
the discs and framing to carry rollers e, e, in order to determine the
depth to which the cutters may be allowed to penetrate; and the axle a,
acts as a fulcrum to receive the pressure of a lever f, applied to the

page_text: axle g, of a carriage B, in front, to be attached only when necessary,
and then by a hinge joint h, allowing the rise and fall of the cylinder,
independent of the carriage. The axle a, is keyed or fixed to the
discs A, A. The four bars or axes b, b, at the angular points of the
square they form round the axle, are made to play freely in the holes of
the discs A, A, and serve to carry the spades or arms for cutting blades
which are keyed on to them. The other four bars or axes b', b', serve
as stops to prevent the spades or arms from passing beyond the right
angle to the next side of the square. The spades may be made pointed,
or the blades fixed upon the arms may be serrated. The spades or
arms with blades are made of the length of the diagonal of the afore-
said square around the axle; the cutting part does not exceed the half
of the breadth between its extremity and the aperture in it, through
which the bar upon which it is fixed passes, and the spade or arm is
continued to the next bar forming the middle of the side of the square
around the axle A, where a semicircular notch forms its stop upon
the bar. The blades or spades are made with cutting points, and are
wedges of strength and thickness calculated for the work required to be
done. The friction rollers d, revolve upon a pin which passes through
the framing A', which may or may not be connected with the carriage
going before.
I prefer placing the wheels of the carriage B, (which precedes the
machine, and forms a seat for the driver and a tray for applying addi-
tional weights, if required,) on the inner sides of the framing, so as only
to pass over the ground to be tilled in order that they may not sink into
soft ground on one or both sides of the machine. The axle of this
carriage B, is made to project beyond the wheels and framing. Its
ends receive the ends of the levers i, i; the other ends of the levers i, i,
being connected by a bar j, upon which weights may be suspended, or
pressure may be applied thereto.
When the machine is drawn forwards the discs revolve, and carry
round the tines, spades, or cutting plates. One falls diagonally upon
the spot where it is to enter the ground, and is gradually forced down
until it becomes vertical. It is then turned up, and another succeeds,
the major part of the clod separated passing through the aperture

page_text: between the spade or blade and axle thus becoming reversed, the
remainder or lower part is brought uppermost and delivered nearly in
the same place, but reversed. The friction rollers acting in the grooves
of the discs admit of immediate application to steam power.
I claim, first, the arrangement of the machine generally and in
particular:
Second, the moveable axis formed by the friction roller running in a
ring or groove to press upon the spade or cutter:
Third, the moveable spade or arm marking the exact cut: And
Fourth, the cutter or spade with open space left above it for the
upper part of the clod to fall through and become reversed by the
removal of the lower portion by the cutting part of the spade, &c.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Jeanneret, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JAMES G. JONES.
HENRY JEANNERET. (L.S.)