IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF PRESERVING THE FRESHNESS OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1884

page_text: ДЦПШат аци ¥ԵՍԵ ԱՍՏՆԱՆԵԻ.
BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE F.C.S Civil Engineer and Consulting Chemist
Dartmouth Villa Fountain St Tranmere Birkenhead, Cheshire do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF
PRESERVING THE FRESHNESS OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, to be as
follows:-
My invention consists in the use of a special assemblage of parts constituting
the whole apparatus or apparatuses, by which I succeed in preventing the action of
oxidation of animal and vegetable substances and thus preserve their freshness,
and also prevent the contact of the atmosphere with alcoholic and effervescent
liquors.
To carry out my invention for the preservation of animal and vegetable substances
I construct a special apparatus constituted as follows; I construct a vessel or
chamber air tight at a pressure equivalent to one atmosphere. This vessel or
chainber I fill with water through an orifice provided with a back pressure valve
or with a water scal-Connected and attached to this water vessel is one or several
preserving chambers, also airtight at a pressure of one atmosphere, the connection
to the water vessel is made by means of a small pipe provided with a tight fitting
valve or cock the pipe enters the side of the water vessel near to the upper edge of
its sides, each of the preserving chambers is provided with a door inade tight
fitting either by the use of a lining of india rubber or by providing a hinged frame
to cover the joints or edges of the door, Immediately under or near the water
vessel I provide any ordinary chemical apparatus for generating any gas other than
oxygen I desire to use, but the following are the principal gases I make use of
Steam or vapour of water, and vapour of hydrocarbons such as oils carbonic
acid (CO2) carbonic oxide (CO), Hydrogen and nitrogen, Generally I prefer to
use any ordinary pure hydrocarbon oil which I burn by the use of an ordinary
wick lamp, the products of combustion I conduct into the upper part of the water
vessel already described, by means of a connecting tube in which I provide a tight
fitting valve, and I also in a similar manner connect the lamp with the other
preserving chambers, In order to withdraw the water from the water vessel
I provide an outlet also provided with a tight fitting valve, When I desire to .

page_text: preserve any animal or vegetable substance by the apparatus just described
I proceed in the following manner. After having filled the water vessel with water,
and placed the substance to be preserved in any of the chambers other than the
water vessel described--and seen that the door was properly closed and to ensure
this I use specially devised springs, I then open the cock in the pipe connecting the
preserving chamber with the water vessel, taking care that all the other valves or
cocks in the connections with any other chambers are properly closed, I then open
the water outlet cock in the water vessel at the same time igniting the lamp and
opening the valve in the pipe connecting the lamp with the preserving chamber,
the resulting action is as follows-the products of combustion and hydrocarbon
vapours are withdrawn from the lamp into the preserving chamber, the air it
displaces being drawn into the water vessel, the duration of this action depends
upon the size of the preserving chamber and the description of the material to be
preserved, the valve in the gas connection of the lamp with the preserving chamber
should now be closed, as well as the valve connecting the preserving chamber with
the water vessel,-additional water should now be poured into the water vessel
which will have the effect of driving out the air from it, the lamp should now be
relighted, and the connection opened between it and the water vessel, on with-
drawing the water from the latter the products of combustion from the lamp are
withdrawn into the water vessel until it is entirely filled, The valve in the gas
connection to water vessel should now be closed and that in the connection of the.
water vessel with the preserving chamber should be opened, water should now be
poured into the water vessel either through the non-return valve or by means of a
funnel and water seal the gas enclosed in the water vessel will then be forced into
the preserving chamber and be considerably compressed, the valve in the connection
of preserving chamber with the water vessel should now be closed and the
substance can be allowed to remain in the preserving chamber for a very con-
siderable period without losing its freshness, another method of using the apparatus
is as follows, The substance to be preserved is placed in the preserving chamber
and the door is closed, the valve in gas connection to preserving chamber is also
closed, after the water vessel is filled with water, the lamp should then be lighted,
at the same time opening the valve in the gas connection to water vessel, the water
should now be drawn from the water vessel and the gases or products of com-
bustion from the lamp are drawn into the water vessel and fill up the displacement
caused by the withdrawal of the water, after sufficient gas is drawn into the water
vessel the lamp should be extinguished, and the valve in the gas connection closed,
the valve in the connecting pipe between the water vessel and the preserving
chamber should now be opened, and on water being again poured into the water
vessel the gas is forced into the preserving chainber until a considerable pressure is
established. By simply closing the valve in the connecting main the pressure of
the gas in the preserving chamber can be maintained as long as desired. It is
understood that instead of the products of the combustion of hydrocarbons whether
gaseous solid or liquid, I use the other gases enumerated, which I force into the
preserving chamber by either.of the methods described.
Dated this fifteenth day of December 1884

page_text: Improved Apparatus for and Method of Preserving the Freshness
of Animal and Vegetable Substances.
I BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE Civil Engineer and Consulting Chemist
Dartmouth Villa 23 Fountain St Tranmere, Cheshire do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for IMPROVED APPARATUS AND METHOD OF PRESERVING THE
FRESHNESS OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention consists in the use of a special assemblage of parts constituting
the whole apparatus or apparatuses by which I succeed in neutralising the action
of oxidation by (the oxygen in) the air or entirely prevent the contact of the
atmosphere with the animal or vegetable food substances or liquors.
To carry out my invention I construct a special apparatus constituted as follows,
I construct a vessel or chamber a arranged so as to resist the passage in or out of
it of water or air when subjected to a pressure of one atmosphere-This vessel or
chamber a I almost fill with water by means of a valvular orifice b arranged so as
to resist any desired outward pressure Connected and attached to this water
chamber are one or several preserving chambers f, also constructed to withstand a
pressure of water or air below that of one atmosphere, the connection to the water
vessel is made by means of a small pipe d provided with a tight fitting valve or
cock c the pipe enters the side of the vessel near to its upper edge, each of the
chambers is provided with a tight fitting door g made air tight by lining the
edges of the door with india rubber or by any other well known manner-Imme-
diately under or near the water vessel I provide an ordinary chemical apparatus
for generating or storing any gas I desire other than oxygen, but preferably
carbon-dioxide carbon monoxide hydrogen and nitrogen, vapour of water or vapour
from liquid hydrocarbons.
Generally I prefer to use any ordinary liquid hydrocarbon, which I burn by the
use of an ordinary wick lamp -the products of combustion I conduct into the
upper part of the already described water vessel a by means of a connecting pipe
in which I provide a valve or cock.
In order to withdraw the water from the water vessel a I provide an outlet cat
its lower portion and with a tight fitting cock.
When I desire to preserve any animal or vegetable substance by the apparatus
above described I proceed in the following manner. After having filled the vessel
with water which in hot and insanitary districts may be mixed with any well known-
disinfecting liquid-and then placed the animal or vegetable substance or liquid to
be preserved in any of the chambers other than the water vessel described, and
ascertained that the door was properly tight, and to aid this latter or tight closing
action I use springs, k, I then open the cock connecting this chamber with the water
vessel and having seen that all the other cocks or valves connected with any other
chamber are also quite closed, I then open the outlet cock c at the same time igniting
the lamp and opening the valve j in the pipe i connecting the lamp h with the

page_text: preserving chamber the resulting action is, that the hydrocarbon-vapours or
products of partial or of complete combustion are withdrawn from the lamp h into
the preserving chamber f the air from the preserving chamber being withdrawn
into the water vessel, the duration of this action depends of course upon the size of
the preserving chamber f-the valve or cock j in the connection from the lamp
and the preserving chamber should now be closed and also the valve e connecting
the preserving chamber with the water vessel a, additional water should now be
poured into the water vessel a which will have the effect of driving out the air in
the water vessel-the lamp should now be again lighted and the connection opened
between it and the water vessel, until it is entirely filled, The valve e in the gas
connection should now be closed and that e in the connection to preserving
chamber opened and the water should be poured into the water vessel-with a
funnel and water seal-the gas enclosed in the water vessel a will then be forced
into the preserving chamber and become considerably compressed the cock or valve
in connection should now be closed and the substance to be preserved can be
allowed to remain in the chamber for a very considerable time in a fresh condition
-and without becoming oxidised or decomposed-I do not confine myself to the
use of the water vessel a described for the purpose of extracting air from the
preserving chambers fas I may use ordinary mechanical means of abstraction.
The accompanying drawings which are intended to form part of this specification
shew the application of any invention for ordinary domestic requirements.
But I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
arrangement shewn.
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the top of preserving apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a plan in section of lamp chamber.
The following letters of reference refer to all the figures.
a water vessel.
b water inlet. c water outlet.
a
gas inlet connections between water vessel and preserving chambers, with tight
fitting valve e. f preserving chambers.
g tight fitting doors. hydro-carbon lamp.
i connection between lamp chamber and preserving chamber j tight fitting
valves.
springs for keeping doors tight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is.
The method and apparatus substantially as herein shewn and described for
preserving the freshness of animal and vegetable substances & liquors.
Dated this tenth day of September 1885...
B. H. THWAITE.