AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTER TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF SAW HANDLES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Brandreth, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanic, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTER TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SAW HANDLES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION."
Sealed the 7th January 1870, and dated the 7th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Brandreth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th August 1869..
I, HENRY BRANDRETH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTER TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SAW HANDLES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION,'
to be as follows:-
"
The Invention is designed for completing in one operation by the
novel form of cutter herein-after described the various processes to

page_text: which saw handles or other similar curved edges after being roughed
out by saws from the board are submitted, and which are known in
the trade as "harrassing," "rasping," "floating," and "fine filing,"
which they undergo in order to reduce their roughness to a smooth
and uniform surface.
In order to expedite and accomplish these processes in one operation,
I employ a novel form of circular cutter or cutters, which may be
described as follows:-The circular cutter or cutters to be employed
upon the curved edges for which they are designed are composed of
a number of rings or discs, each of which is constructed with a curved
or bevelled edge, upon which are cutting teeth or sharpened projections,
these rings when collectively arranged upon a maundrel or spindle
assume the form or profile of the rounded or curved edge for which
they are designed to cut, and in order that the revolving cutters when
in action may cut what is required and at the same time maintain
the uniformity of the curve they are operating upon the central ring
or disc is formed without a cutting edge, which when the cutters are
in operation bears upon the top surface of the curve, thereby preventing
any distortion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Brandreth in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BRANDRETH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Brandreth, Her special license that
I, the said Henry Brandreth, my executors, administrators, and assigns;
or such others as I, the said Henry Brandreth, my executors, admi-
nistrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no. others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT
AND CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTER TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAW
HANDLES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Brandreth, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Brandreth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the completing in one operation
by the novel combination of cutters and smooth discs herein-after-
described the various processes to which saw handles or other similar
articles having curved edges after being roughed out by saws from the
board are submitted, and which are known in the trade as "harrassing,"
"rasping," "floating," and "fine filing," which they undergo in order
to reduce their roughness to a smooth and uniform surface.
In order to expedite and accomplish these processes in one operation
I employ a novel combination or arrangement of circular cutter or
cutters, which may be described as follows:-The circular cutter or.
cutters to be employed upon the curved edges for which they are
designed are composed of a number of rings or discs, each of which.
is constructed with a curved or bevelled edge, upon which are cutting:
teeth or sharpened projections; these rings when collectively arranged.
upon a mandrill or spindle assume the form or profile of the rounded
or curved edge which they are designed to cut, and in order that the-
revolving cutters when in action may cut what is required, and at the
same time maintain the uniformity of the curve they are operating
upon, I propose to combine with the cutting discs one or more rings
or discs formed without a cutting edge, which when the cutters are in.

page_text: operation bear upon the top surface of the curve, thereby preventing
any distortion or overcutting by acting as a fence.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the corresponding Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively an elevation and plan of a
machine provided with one form of my improved cutter for shaping
from the rough block the outline of a saw handle. The horizontal
cutter represented in this machine is for shaping the back of the handle,
say from a to b, as shewn in Figure 3, which represents an ordinary
saw handle shaped out and finished by my cutters.
Figure 4 is a separate representation of another cutter for shaping
the flat side of the handle, as from c to d (Figure 3).
Figure 5 is a front view of one of the cutting rings or discs shewing
the teeth thereon.
Figure 6 is a front view of a blank washer or smooth disc which is
made smooth on the periphery, one or more of such smooth discs being
placed in one, two, or more parts of the cutter as required either at
the extremity, as at A in Figures 1 and 2 (the tube or bush B at the
opposite end supplying the same place as a smooth disc or blank), or
these smooth discs may be placed amongst the cutting discs, as shewn
at A, A, in Figure 4.
Figure 7 represents one of the circular grooved cutters for forming
the bevels or curves on different parts of the handle, as from c to a or
from f to g (Figure 3).
Figure 8 is a section of the same cutter, and Figure 9 is a repro-
sentation of a half cutter which is employed in forming the bevel or
curve in the hand hole C of those handles which will not admit of
the whole cutter being passed through, but when practicable the whole
cutter will of course be preferred.
Figures 10 and 11 represent full sized details of one of the large
cutting discs D, D, of these last-mentioned cutters (Figure 11 shewing
points of the teeth thrown forward); Figure 12 is a perspective view
of the cutter, Figure 10.

page_text: Figure 13 is a detached view of the small cutting disc E of Figures 7,
8, and 9, and Figure 14 is a similar view of the smooth disc or fence A
in those Figures.
Figures 15, 16, and 17 represent three views of a machine in which I
use the combined cutters and smooth discs last referred to for forming
the different bevels or curves on the saw handle. Each cutter is fastened
on a shank F (Figures 7, 8, and 9), which drops into a recess or hollow
at the top of the spindle G. This shank has a slot H through it, which
allows the bar I in the spindle G to fit into the same, and so carry
the cutter round with it. This is a convenient arrangement, but other
methods may be adopted. The spindle G is made to revolve by means
of a pair of mitres or bevel wheels or gearing or by india-rubber friction
wheels K, as shown in the front elevation Figure 15, the driver being
on the shaft or spindle L, which is provided with fast and loose
pullies M, M', for stopping or working the machine as occasion may
require. N is a lever for assisting the operator to press the handle
against the cutter, and so expedite the manipulation, the centre or
fulcrum of such lever being adjustable, as shewn in the plan Figure 17.
The india-rubber friction wheels K are kept in constant friction or
contact by means of a weight and lever as represented or by any other
convenient mechanical contrivance.
Figures 18 and 19 represent a vertical and horizontal section of a
slightly modified machine for working the said cutters, the cast-iron
column O being used instead of the standards P in Figures 15, 16,
and 17.
I will now proceed to describe the process of making a saw handle
by the aid of my improved combined cutters and fences or smooth discs.
The saw handle may be either sawn out from the board in the usual
manner by means of a jigger or band saw, or the block may be sawn
out by a circular saw, which of course would leave the outline of the
handle straight and angular. I should in this case employ horizontal
cutters, such, for example, as those shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 4, which
form or shape at once a portion or whole of a side or part of the outline
of the saw handle, as from e to 6 or from a to b or from fto g or c to d,
or even from i to d if desired, and by moving the handle with an
oscillating motion I give to these portions the required transverse
curve or bevel at one operation. The handle is now to be planed on

page_text: both sides cither by hand or by the machinery usually employed, or by
means of a horizontal cutter of equal diameter in its entire length built
up from a number of serrated or toothed rings or discs, the said handle
whilst being planed being fastened on a traversing bed working under-
neath the plane. The bevels or transverse curves on the back of the saw
handle, as from a to b, or on the part of the saw handle termed the "hand
hold," as from to g, or any other curved or bevelled part of the handle,
as, for example, from i to c or from e to a, may be partially or wholly
formed by means of the aforesaid horizontal cutters by placing the saw
handle on the rest Q (Figures 1 and 2) and oscillating or rocking the
saw handle, so that the bevel or curve shall be formed as described.
All these horizontal cutters are provided with one or more blank washers,
discs, or rings, as shewn at A, A, Figures 1, 2, and 4, either at the
extremity, as in Figures 1 and 2, or in other parts of the cutter, as in
Figure 4. Sometimes I prefer to have an elongated ring or tube B,
Figures 1 and 2, to rest, the straight part of the back of the handle
from e to a against. These blank rings or smooth discs A, A, act as
guages or fences, against which I place the handle, causing uniformity
of shape in all the handles operated upon, and preventing any damage
or injury by cutting too far or too deeply into the block or handle
and requiring little skill in the manipulation or mode of operation.
The transverse bevels or curves may be formed where practicable by
means of cutters on vertical axes similar to that shewn in Figures 7
and 8, and shaped according to the curve or bevel required, but in the
'case of some parts of the handle, as from a to b, I should form them
entirely by means of the horizontal cutter, Figures 1 and 2, by oscil-
lating or rocking the saw handle at the time the said cutters are in
action. In Figure 9. is a ring or tube B, which is placed over the
screwed top F" of the spindle or shank F to compensate for the other
half of the cutter, thereby admitting of a uniform length of all the
spindles or shanks F.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the com-
bination of one or more smooth edged discs which act as guides or

page_text: fences with a series of serrated or toothed cutting discs, the whole being
arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Brandreth, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of February
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
HENRY BRANDRETH. (L.S.)