IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES AND NIGHT
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Paton Charles, of the Firm of Paton and
Charles, of High Street, Wapping, in the County of Middlesex, Soap
and Candle Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CANDLES AND NIGHT Laxma
ANDARAMA SAD DRAWN
Sealed the 27th May 1863, and dated the 2nd December 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Paton Charles
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1862.
I, ANDREW PATON CHARLES, of the Firm of Paton and Charles, of High
Street, Wapping, in the County of Middlesex, Soap and Candle Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CANDLES AND NIGHT LIGHTS, AND IN THE LAMPS OR APPARATUS FOR BURNING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in candles and night lights, and in the
lamps or apparatus for burning the same, relates, firstly, to that class of
candles and night lights in which a large illuminating power is not required
so much as a continuous light of feeble power for a small expenditure of

page_text: tallow or fatty matter. This part of the Invention consists in making candles
and night lights of considerable thickness and length, and with thin wicks, so
that they may burn for a great number of hours, and when extinguished, after
burning as long as may be required for the time, may be readily lighted again,
and so on until the whole of the candle or night light is consumed. Night
lights have heretofore been made of considerable diameter, and with thin
wicks, but of very short dimensions, each night light being calculated to burn
a given number of hours, such as 6, 8, or 10 hours, according to the estimated
requirements of consumers and the season of the year. This is not an
economical arrangement, inasmuch as there are times when a light is not
required for even 6 hours. Such night lights are, however, usually allowed
to burn out, as if blown out when not required they cannot be lighted again,
and therefore a part of them is wasted. To remedy this inconvenience
I make night lights and bed-room candles with very thin wicks, surrounded
by a very considerable body of tallow or fatty matter, and such a length that
they will last for from 30 to 40 or more hours.
Such candles or night lights will not, however, burn like ordinary candles,
and they require the assistance of some contrivance or apparatus to prevent
the melted tallow or fatty matter from spilling or guttering, and thereby
wasting the candle. This apparatus in its various forms constitutes the second
part of my Invention, and consists of a small cup adapted to a short tube,
which forms a nozzle or cap, and is placed on the candle. This nozzle, by its
own weight, descends on the candle as the tallow burns away, the cup acting
as a reservoir to hold the melted fatty substance. If desired, the nozzle with
its cup, may be fixed by a bayonet joint on a tube containing a coiled spring
for forcing up the candle into the nozzle, as in the ordinary coach lamp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Paton Charles in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW 3
PATON CHARLES, of the Firm of Paton and Charles, of High Street, Wapping,
in the County of Middlesex, Soap and Candle Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her 3

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs. and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Andrew Paton Charles, Her special license that I, the said Andrew Paton
Charles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Andrew Paton Charles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CANDLES AND NIGHT LIGHTS, AND IN THE LAMPS OR APPARATUS FOR BURNING
THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew
Paton Charles, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Paton Charles, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in Candles and Night Lights, and in the
Lamps or Apparatus for Burning the same," relates, firstly, to that class of
candles and night lights in which a large illuminating power is not required
so much as a continuous light of feeble power for a small expenditure of tallow
or fatty matter. This part of the Invention consists in making candles and
night lights of considerable thickness and length, and with thin wicks, so that
they may burn for a great number of hours, and when extinguished, after
burning as long as may be required for the time, may be readily lighted again,
and so on until, the whole of the candle or night light is consumed. Night
lights have heretofore been made of considerable diameter, and with thin
wicks, but of very short dimensions, each night light being calculated to burn
a given number of hours, such as six, eight, or ten hours, according to the
estimated requirements of consumers and the season of the year. This is not
an economical arrangement, inasmuch as there are times when a light is not
required for even six hours. Such night lights are, however, usually allowed to
burn out, as if they are blown out when not required they cannot be lighted
again, and therefore a part of them is wasted. To remedy this inconvenience
and
prevent waste, I make night lights and bed-room candles with very thin

page_text: wicks, surrounded by a very considerable body of tallow or fatty matter, and
of such a length that they will last from thirty to forty or more hours.
Such candles or night lights will not, however, burn like ordinary candles,
and they require the assistance of some contrivance or apparatus to prevent
the melted tallow or fatty matter from spilling or guttering, and thereby
wasting the candle. This apparatus in its various forms constitutes the
second part of my Invention, and consists of a small cup of any suitable shape
adapted to a tube, which forms a nozzle or cap, and is placed on the candle.
This nozzle by its own weight descends on the candle as the tallow burns
away, the cup acting as a reservoir to hold the melted fatty substance. If
desired, the nozzle with its cup may be fixed by a bayonet joint on a tube
containing a coiled spring for forcing up the candle into the nozzle, as in the
ordinary candle or coach lamp. It will be obvious that this part of my
Invention may be adapted to ordinary candle lamps for the purpose of
preventing the candle from guttering.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents in elevation a candle or
night light with my improved nozzle adapted thereto; Fig. 2 is a view
representing the nozzle in section. a is the candle or night light, which is
made with a thin wick, so that it shall burn but slowly; or a may represent
an ordinary candle for table or other use; b, b, is the nozzle, which rests on
the upper end of the candle, and descends thereon by its own weight as the
candle or night light burns away.
The nozzle is provided at its upper end
with a cup or dish c of sufficient depth to hold the melted tallow, and prevent
it from guttering or running over.
Fig. 3 represents the nozzle adapted to a tubular candlestick, in the tube of
which is a helical spring which will press the candle up against the nozzle, as
is well known in this class of candlesticks. The nozzle is secured on the
tubular candlestick by a bayonet joint d, as shewn in the Drawing.
I would observe that candle lamps or candlesticks in which candles for
table use or other domestic purposes are burned may be provided with nozzles
constructed according to my Invention, and by so doing the candles will be
effectually prevented from guttering.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Candles and
Night Lights, and in the Lamps or Apparatus for Burning the same," and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent, as aforesaid,―――
First, the mode herein set forth of making candles or night lights.
And, second, the improved form of nozzle herein shewn, or any mere

page_text: modification thereof, whether adapted to the candle detached from the candle-
stick, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2, or combined with the candlestick, as
shewn in Fig. 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Paton Charles, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
H. K. WHITE,
66, Chancery Lane.
ANDREW PATON CHARLES. (L.S.)