IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abol of N° 28 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT communicated
to him from abroad by Charles Clamond of Paris in the Republic of Franco
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1883.
Et
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE
WHITE LIGHT" [Communicated to him from abroad by Charles Clamond of Paris
in the Republic of France.]
In the Specifications to the Patents No 2035 of 1882, N° 2757 of 1882, N° 2110
of 1883 Nº 2290 of 1883 and in a Provisional Specification filed on the 20th June
1883 N° 3062 are described various constructions of apparatus for producing
intense white light by applying the combustion of inflammable gas or vapour
supplied with heated air to heat to incandescence a network cage of magnesia or
other suitable refractory material. The present invention relates to an improved
construction of apparatus for this purpose which is of the following kind. The
body of the apparatus is made in three main pieces of refractory material ; first, an
external piece of vase form pierced in its lower part with holes for admission of
air, and having at its top edge a gallery to carry a glass globe; secondly, a central
piece which is made tubular for ascent of the gas through it, and has formed in it
near its lower end an annular chamber supplied with gas by small holes through
its end, this chamber having numerous jet holes into an anuular space to which
air is also supplied by numerous holes; thirdly, a hollow aunular piece which fits
in between the external piece and the central piece, and which has the following
special features, In the lower part of its annular cavity, it receives air by
numerous holes from the space in the vase below; part of this air passes by a
number of small holes into the annular space above mentioned where it meets the
small jets of gas which burn, highly heating the material on each side, the products

page_text: of combustion escaping by lateral passages into the space within the glass globe;
the rest of the air passes up the annular hollow, becoming highly heated on its
way to an upper chamber whence it issues by a central opening in the burner.
The burner itself consists of an annular chamber which is supplied with heated gas
by several tubes branching from the central gas tube and which has a number of
small jet holes through its interior periphery directing jets nearly radially inwards,
and has, interspaced with these, jet holes through its upper inner angle directed
obliquely upwards and inwards. Above the annular chamber is placed the
network cage of refractory material which becomes intensely heated by the
combustion within it of the heated gas and air. The three pieces of which as
above stated the body of the apparatus consists, can be readily taken apart by
undoing a metal screw and nut which are fitted to the external vase piece and the
central tubular piece at the bottom, and a screw by which the intermediate
annular piece is secured to the top of the central tubular piece, accoss being thus
obtained to all parts of the apparatus.

page_text: {
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Patent Office on the 3rd May 1884.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the
county of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE
WHITE LIGHT A communication to me from abroad by Charles Clamond of Paris
in the republic of France
"
In the Specification to the Patents No 2035 of 1882, No 2757 of 1882, Nº 2110
of 1883, No 2290 of 1883, and N° 3062 of 1883 are described various constructions
of apparatus for producing intense white light by applying the combustion of
inflammable gas or vapor supplied with heated air to heat to incandescence a
net-work cage of magnesia or other suitable refractory material.
The present
invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for this purpose, which
is of the following kind. The body of the apparatus is made in three main pieces
of refractory material; first, an external piece of vase formn pierced in its lower
part with holes for admission of air, and having at its top edge a gallery to carry a
glass globe; secondly, a central piece which is made tubular for ascent of the gas
through it, and has formed in it near its lower end an annular chaniber supplied
with gas by small holes through its end, this chamber having numerous jet holes
into an annular space to which air is also supplied by numerous holes; thirdly, a
hollow annular piece which fits in between the external piece and the central piece,
and which has the following special features. In the lower part of its annular
cavity, it receives air by numerous holes from the space in the vase below; part of
this air passes by a number of small holes into the annular space above mentioned,
where it meets the small jets of gas, which burn, highly heating the material on
each side, the products of combustion escaping by lateral passages into the space
within the glass globe; the rest of the air passes up the annular hollow, becoming
highly heated on its way to an upper chamber, whence it issues by a central
opening in the burner. The burner itself consists of an annular chamber which is
supplied with heated gas by several tubes branching from the central gas tube and
which has a number of small jet holes through its interior periphery directing jets
nearly radially inwards, and has, interspaced with these, jets holes through its
upper inner angle directed obliquely upwards and inwards. Above the annular
chamber is placed the network cage of refractory material which becomes intensely
heated by the combustion within it of the heated air and gas.
The three pieces,
of which, as above stated, the body of the apparatus consists, can be readily taken
apart by undoing a metal screw and nut, which are fitted to the external vase-
piece and the central tubular central piece at the bottom, and a screw by which the
intermediate annular piece is secured to the top of the central tubular piece, access
being thus obtained to all parts of the apparatus.

page_text: incandescence. It will thus be seen that these jets replace the crown of small tubes
through which the gas issues into the refractory cage described in the Specification
to the before mentioned patent N° 3062 of 1883.
The holes of the one row must be so arranged relatively to those of the other
that they are not situated directly one above the other but in intermediate
positions, so that the flames are all kept perfectly separated. The burner consists
mainly of the central piece B the annular piece C and the external casing D. The
central piece has the before-mentioned central gas passage G and it has also two
small holes o o communicating with gas passages K K through which a small
portion of the gas issues into an annular chamber F from which it passos through
small orifices into the annular space E where it enters into combustion with the air
entering through holes d d so as to heat the sides P of the chamber E, the products
of combustion being made to escape through the tubular passages E' into the
lower part of the chimney glass V carried by the gallery L. The air required for
the combustion of the gas jets at m and n passes into the annular passage C
through holes p and in being brought into close contact with the heated surface P,
becomes heated to a considerable degree as it passes up into the space Q whence
it issues among the gas jets m n as above described.
The casing D serves to support the part C and the chimney glass. It is
provided with perforations through which the air gains access to the part O, and
it is secured to the parts R R' and S, of which R is screwed on to the gas supply
pipe, the part B being screwed into the ring R¹.
It will be seen that the parts B C and D are merely fitted into each other
without screwing, so that when the collar S, that supports the part D is unscrewed
D and C can be slid down from B and also separated from each other.
In the modified construction shewn at fig. 3, the gas issues through holes tin
the sides of the elongated chamber F, and the air supply for the same enters
through a perforated shield U at the lower end of the cylinder P instead of through
holes leading from the annular passage C as before.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as, communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim in respect of burners of the kind herein referred to :-
First: The use of the annular chamber A with perforations n m through which
the combustible gas issues, and in coming in contact with the heated air supply
from the passage Q, produces a series of small flames that rise up into the cage of
refractory material, substantially as herein described.
Second: The combined arrangement of the various passages and chambers, as
herein described, for heating the air supply to the gas jets at m n.
Third: Constructing the burner of the three main parts B, C and D fitted
together without screwing, as described so as to readily separable from each
other.
In Witness whereof, I the said Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this third day of May in the year of our Lord, one thousand,
eight hundred and eighty four
"
ATT&C
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