Improvements in Ventilators for Railway Carriages, Broughams, Cabs, and such like Vehicles.
Year: 1888

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Date of Application, 12th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left. 11th May, 1889-Accepted, 12th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators for Railway Carriages, Broughams,
Cabs, and such like Vehicles.
JOHN ALDERMAN of 16 Soho Square Middlesex Invalid Carriage Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the better ventilation of Railway Carriages
Broughams, Cabs and such like vehicles, and consists of an orifice or orifices fitted
with a fan or screw working on an axle in the shape of a screw propellor the orifice
or orifices being of such a size as best suited to the Railway carriage or other vehicle,
these fans are fitted in the front of the vehicle at the top and the draught caused by
its progress acting upon a similar fan or fans situated at the back causes a circulation
of pure air throughout the vehicle. The fans or screws are made of any light sub-
stance or material most suitable for the purpose. It can also be regulated closed or
opened as may be desired by a screw collar or collars.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators for Railway Carriages, Broughams,
Cabs, and such like Vehicles.
I, JOHN ALDERMAN, of 16 Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex, Scientific
invalid carriage couch and chair maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for object to more effectually ventilate the interior of wheeled
vehicles and other movable structures, by causing currents of air to traverse the
vehicle or chamber to be ventilated as and by the means I will proceed to describe as
applied to a carriage, it being understood that other structures such as for example the
cabins of vessels may have my invention applied thereto.
Tubes are provided for the entrance of fresh air, and opposite these other tubes are
provided for the exit of air. Each tube has mounted within it a spindle with vanes
or blades forming what I will call a screw fan and which resembles some forms of
screw propellers. The blades of this screw fan are made as portions of a true screw;
the screw fan is mounted to run in bearings (which may advantageously be jewelled)
in brackets or cross bars fitted to the tube.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of ventilating apparatus according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a section of Fig. 1 shewing how the screw fan is fitted to the interior of
the tube.
.
Fig. 3 is an end view of Figs. 1 & 2 shewing the four blades of the screw fan and
one of the straight cross bars which carry the spindle bearings.
Fig. 4 shews in side elevation ventilating apparatus according to this invention
intended to be applied to the back of a carriage and having the inside orifice fitted
with a metal cup for the purpose of readily taking up and allowing of the free exit of
the spiral current of air forced across the carriage by a ventilator applied to the front
of the carriage.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of the inner end of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 shews in side elevation a ventilating apparatus according to this invention
suitable for a railway carriage: this has a cup at each end as a partial protection to
the screw air propeller from rain &c. & to direct air through the apparatus.
Fig. 7 is an end view of fig. 6

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A is the tube forming the air passage; it is screwed from end to end, and has an
annular cap or nut B screwed to each end, as well as a screwed collar C on the inter-
mediate portion. When the tube is inserted in an opening in the wall of the vehicle
or structure to be ventilated it is pushed through until one of the annular caps or
nuts BB comes against the wall; the collar C is then screwed against the opposite
side of the wall and the tube is thus secured in place. The annular caps or nuts BB
have sometimes cup shaped ends B¹ applied thereto (Figs. 4 & 6) as already explained.
D is the screw fan; it is mounted on a spindle E running in jewel centres F fixed in
metal nipples G carried by the cross bars H.
When ventilating apparatus according to this invention is applied to a carriage the
air in the interior (though the carriage be closed) is constantly and continuously
renewed, without perceptible draught, and at the same time the deposit of moisture
on the windows, doors and panels of the carriage is prevented. It is desirable in a
carriage to employ four such ventilating apparatus two placed near the top in the
front of the vehicle, and two at the back, the latter being fixed one in a direct straight
line with each of the two fixed in the front.
The pressure of air caused by the onward motion of the vehicle, causes the screw
fans to rotate and so give a spiral motion to the entering air so that it may pass direct
over the head of an occupant of the vehicle.
When the two front ventilating apparatus are set in motion, by the onward motion
of the vehicle, the two at the back will immediately start so that the spiral current
produced by the two front ventilators will make its exit through the back ones carry-
ing with it the moisture caused by the breath of the occupant. Smoke is also carried
off in the same way, leaving the windows always clear and dry and the lining of the
carriage is kept free from the stuffy odour that results from the want of proper.
ventilation.
Railway and other carriages fitted with apparatus according to this invention can
be kept ventilated even with the windows closed and without causing a draught upon
the occupants.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-,
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
'claim is :-
1. The construction arrangement and use in the manner herein set forth of the
means described with reference to and illustrated in the drawings annexed for ven-..
tilating railway carriages, broughams, cabs, and other vehicles.
2. My improved ventilating apparatus as shewn and described for the purpose
specified.
Da
1
. A
1000
JOHN ALDERMAN.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.