Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Utilizing Electrical Energy in Operating Hammering, Rock-boring, and other Reciprocating Mechanism.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 7th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Utilizing Electrical Energy
in Operating Hammering, Rock-boring, and other Reciprocating
Mechanism.
I REGINALD BOLTON of 110 Leadenhall Street in the City of London,
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The improvement relates to means or apparatus for utilizing electrical energy in
operating various kinds of reciprocating machinery and is especially applicable to
electrical rockboring, hammering, caulking and such like percussive machinery or
apparatus and to other reciprocating mechanisms operable by electricity.
In my invention I have attained the duplication of the propelling force of
magnets by the addition of the repellant force of oppositely opposed and inversely
excited magnets to the same and I am further enabled to attain this result by a
simple arrangement of parts and same may be operated by any ordinary or suitable
direct current with a "nake and break attachment of which I describe one, as a
guide, or by special alternating or pulsating arrangements on the generating dynamo.
I prefer however to utilize the direct current for the purpose inasmuch as the
same current may operate my mechanisms and at the same time may serve for any
lighting or ordinary power systems.
In my improvement arrange the reciprocating tool, piston rod or other
mechanism desired to be reciprocated by power with a connection of suitable form
to a vibratory or reciprocatory magnetic coil excited by the electric current and
which may be wound with a coil of wire preferably laminated in the direction of
the magnet's length, and the winding led in a certain given circular direction either
from right to left or left to right, with a view to obtaining a given corresponding
resulting pole at the respective ends when the coil is excited by the passage there-
through of the current.
One end of the said reciprocatory coil will therefore be denominated a south, and
the other a north pole.
Oppositely situated facing each end of the reciprocatory magnet described are
two or more fixed coil magnets of similar construction, and which are secured to
the framing of the machine at such a given distance, apart as will determine the
proper stroke or limit of travel of the central reciprocatory magnet.
These fixed magnets are wound in reverse directions, one being formed with a
right handed helix and the other with a left hand helix, but the end of the coil of
one is connected to the commencement of the coil of the other and the remaining
ends to the electric leads. That is to say the coils are in series with the dynamo
operating same.
The passage of the direct current through the two, therefore, excites them in an
opposite manner, so that those 2 internal poles which face inwards upon the recipro-
catory magnet, arc of similar denominations, whereas the reciprocatory magnet
being wound continuously as described has its two ends of opposite denominations.
There will thus be set up a repellant action between one fixed magnet and 'the
réciprocatory magnets pole of siinilar denomination and vice versa, a tractive action
between the other fixed magnet and the reverse end of the reciprocatory magnet.
The latter is therefore both pulled in frout and pushed behind at the same time-
or substantially so.
By now reversing the current through either the fixed or reciprocatory magnets,
exactly opposite effects are set up and where propulsion existed, repulsion is caused,
and nice nerea

page_text: It is obvious that the same effect may be produced through either the fixed or
reciprocatory magnets, and that the windings thereof may be varied in direction
to produce a similar effect. Further the number of magnets may be increased and
may be arranged axially or otherwise-while there may be cases in which it may
be more convenient to inake the central magnet a fixture, and the two outer and
opposite magnets reciprocatory.
"
I will now describe an arrangement of make and break attachment which may be
conveniently utilized for the actuation or control of the above apparatus, but I am
well aware that many other forms of reversible electric "switches
may be
arranged to perform the desired operation under given circumstances. I do not
however regard any particular form as essential to my invention of reciprocating
apparatus as above described, but while the said reversal of current might be
effected at a very moderate speed by any ordinary reversing switch the extreme
speed of certain vibrating machinery, and at which it would be possible my
invention would be operated, renders necessary special arrangements for the
avoidance of sparking, and for the proper duration of the full supply of current and
of the proper period of reversal and variation of same.
In my arrangement, I form the reciprocating parts with a projection on one side
whereto I bolt or otherwise secure a hollow casing of non conducting material or
metal inserting in it at suitable intervals in its length, contact pieces of metal so
arranged as to convey the current from binding screws forming part thereof and to
which the leads from the dynamo and reciprocatory magnet are to be attached.
Inside the said casing is a free plunger or block of vulcanite or other material
formed with corresponding contact pieces of conductible metal at intervals of such
a length that when the block is at one end of the casing it will effect a connection
between certain contact pieces and when at the other end, it will connect the
reverse contact pieces. Thus the current may be switched alternately from one
end of the alternating coil to the other.
The said block, preferably of a square form would be free to fall out end wise
from the casing but that I form upon the end of the machine spring stop-pieces
against which it is brought by the reciprocation of the casing.
These stop-pieces may be adjustable by screws thereby affording a means of
adjusting the exact stroke of the reciprocatory parts. The effect is, that the block
being carried against the end stop is thereby arrested and the casing going on for
a short distance the reversal is effected and the casing retires carrying with it the
block in its new position which it is further assisted to do by the release of the
spring behind the stop.
Dated the 2nd day of July 1891.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Utilizing Electrical Energy
in Operating Hammering, Rock-boring, and other Reciprocating
Mechanism.
I REGINALD BOLTON of 110 Leadenhall Street in the City of London,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The improvement relates to means or apparatus for better utilizing electrical
energy in operating various descriptions of reciprocating machinery and is especially
applicable to electrical rock boring, hammering, caulking and such like percussive
machinery or apparatus and to other reciprocating mechanisms operable by
electricity.

page_text: In my invention I supplement the propelling force of an electro magnet or electro
magnets by the repellant force of an oppositely opposed and simultaneously but
inversely excited electro magnet or electro magnets and I am further enabled to
attain this by a simple arrangement of parts and same may be operated by any
ordinary or suitable direct current with a make and break attachment of which I
describe one, as an example only but do not confirm myself thereto or to the
particular character of current employed.
I prefer however to utilize the direct current for the purpose inasmuch as the
same current may operate the mechanism and serve for lighting or ordinary
power uses.
I arrange the reciprocating tool, piston rod or other mechanism desired to be
reciprocated by power with a connection of suitable form to a vibratory or recipro-
catory magnetic coil excited by the electric current and which may be wound with
a coil of wire preferably fake laid or laminated and bound around the bobbin in
the direction of the length of the magnet and the winding finally led in a suitable
helical direction either from right to left or left to right with a view to obtaining a
given corresponding resulting pole at the respective ends when the coil is excited
by the passage therethrough of the current.
One end of the said reciprocatory coil will therefore be denominated a south and
the other a north pole.
Oppositely situated facing each end of the reciprocatory magnet described are
two or more fixed coil magnets of similar construction, and which are secured to the
framing of the machine at such a given distance apart as will determine the proper
stroke or limit of travel of the central reciprocatory magnet.
These fixed magnets are helices wound in reverse directions, i.e. one in a right-
handed direction and the other in a left-handed direction but the end of the coil of
the one is connected to the commencement of the coil of the other and the remaining
ends to the electric leads-that is to say the coils are in series with the dynamo
operating same.
The passage of the direct current through the two, therefore, excites them in an
opposite manner, so that those 2 internal poles which face inwards upon the recipro-
catory magnet are of similar denominations, whereas the reciprocatory magnet
being wound continuously as described has its two ends of opposite denominations.
There will thus be set up a repellant action between one fixed magnet and the
pole of the reciprocatory magnet of similar denomination, and vice versa, a tractive
action between the other fixed magnet and the reverse end of the reciprocatory
magnet-the latter is therefore both pulled and pushed at the same time.
By now reversing the current through either the fixed or reciprocatory magnets,
exactly opposite effects are set up and where propulsion existed repulsion is caused,
and vice versa.
It is obvious that the same effect may be produced through either the fixed or
reciprocating magnets and that the windings thereof may be varied in direction to
produce a similar effect. Further the number of magnets may be increased and
may be arranged axially or otherwise while there may be cases in which it may
be more convenient to make the central magnet a fixture, and the two outer and
opposite magnets reciprocatory.
An arrangement of make and break attachment which may be conveniently
utilized for the actuation or control of the above apparatus is as follows-but I am
well aware that many other forms of reversible electric "switches" may be arranged
to perform the desired operation under given circumstances-I do not however,
regard any particular form as essential to my invention of reciprocating apparatus
as above described, but while the said reversal of current might be effected at a very
moderate speed by any ordinary reversing switch, the extreme speed of certain
vibrating machinery, and at which it would be possible my invention would be
operated, renders necessary special arrangements for the avoidance of sparking, and
for the proper duration of the full supply of current and of the proper period of
reversal and variation of same.

page_text: Fig. 1. is a horizontal section through the centre line of the apparatus designed
for use as for the motive part of an electrical rock drilling machine.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the centre line of the reversing apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2 with portions of the adjacent parts.
In the arrangement of my apparatus shewn in Fig. 1, 1 attach the vibrating or
reciprocating drill- or hammer-rod a to a double-ended electro-magnet formed of
a reel or bobbin wound with coils of wire which may be fake laid around the
periphery of the bobbin or in the direction of the length of the magnet, and may
he wound on either right or left handed the two ends being attached to con-
nections e, connected with the main electrical leads, which may be such as are
shewn in Fig. 2.
This magnet is free to vibrate longitudinally inside a tubular casing y,
preferably formed of wood or cast-iron with wooden ends to the opposite ends of
which are attached two coil magnets, h and j, of similar construction to b. These
imagnets are however, wound in reverse directions as regards each other that is to
say one is wound right handed and one left handed and the final end of the one
coil is attached to the commencing coil of the other, or vice-versa. The two
remaining ends are led to the electric leads at the connections m and n.
If now a continuous current be established through all the magnets they will
become strongly excited, and the one end of the magnet will become a north
pole and the other a south pole while the two fixed magnets and by the passage
of the current are also excited, but the ends facing the magnet are both similar
poles. Thus an attractive power will be exerted between the two poles of opposite
denomination while the similarly excited poles will be driven apart. If now the
current be reversed, either through e. f. or through m and n that is to say, through
the vibrating magnet 6 or through the fixed magnets, and j, a reverse effect is
obtained and thereby the vibrating magnet is at once pulled and pushed in the one
and the same direction, until another reversal of the current produces the original
effect.
Figs. 2 and 3 shew an arrangement adapted for producing the automatic reversal
of the said current.
A sliding-block o of non-conducting material is mounted in a slide
R secured
to the side of the vibrating magnet & and carried backwards and forwards by it.

page_text: On the face of the block o are inserted contact pieces of metal i at suitable
intervals. Corresponding contacts s, s, are provided in the slide p. to which are
attached the connections or ends of the wires e. f, in the magnet b.
Other contact pieces a. a are provided at suitable distances apart to which are
attached the two leads 3. 3. from the dynamo.
At the end of the cylinder casing g, are arranged adjustable screw stops t, t, see
Fig. 3, provided with small buffer springs v, v, which arrest the motion of the
block on its reaching them, while the momentum of the magnet 6 carries the
slide p past the point, thus sliding the contact pieces i, i, to a new position, in
which they reverse the direction of the currents that flow round the magnet b, or
by connecting the wires m and n to the block and slide, the block may be arranged
to reverse the direction of the flow of current through the fixed magnets and
maintain a continuous current through the vibrating magnet.
The reciprocating mechanism thus described may be attached by a bracket,
saddle, slide, bolts or equivalent attachments to any framing or support, for the
purpose of hammering or such like operations, or may be attached to the framing
of an engine and when connected to the reciprocating connecting rod or piston rod
will cause it to vibrate by electric energy.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In reciprocating apparatus operated by electricity, the relative winding of
the reciprocating and fixed parts as and for the purpose substantially as herein
before shewn and described.
2. In electrical reciprocating mechanism the arrangement or combination and
use of oppositely excited magnets so as to supplement the attractive force of other
oppositely situated and simultaneously excited magnets substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
3. In rock boring or analogous reciprocating mechanism the combination or
arrangement and use of magnets disposed with their (two) poles of like polarity
facing each other whilst the two poles of opposite polarity of the magnet con-
stituting the body moved (or vice versa) are disposed between said facing poles
and by reversal of direction of current are caused to alternately set up attractive
and repulsive force substantially as described.
4. In electrically operated rock boring hammering and like mechanism the com-
bination or arrangement of parts of sliding contact devices as described and shewn
with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
5. The arrangement or combination of the relatively moving and stationary
electro magnets and their windings in electrically actuated hammering, rock boring
and other reciprocating mechanism substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated the 2nd day of April 1892.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.