I:IPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BRICK WALLS, AND IN THE MODE OF FORMING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Basford, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford,
Brick and Tile Manufacturer, for the Invention of "I:IPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BRICK WALLS, AND IN THE MODE OF FORMING
Sealed the 9th November 1860, and dated the 12th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Basford, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1860.
1. WILLIAM BASFORD, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Brick and
Tile Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BRICK WALLS, AND IN THE
MODE OF FORMING AND ORNAMENTING THE MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THE SAME,"
to be as follows: -
The first part of my Invention consists in constructing walls so that their
interior or exterior or both faces shall be composed of materials more even
and permanent in color, and more suitable for resisting the action of the
weather. I effect this by using small slabs or bricks of a better material, and
prepared in a superior manner to ordinary bricks; these slabs are of two
kinds; the one has a sectional area equal to that of the ordinary header brick,
the other has a sectional area equal to the face of a stretcher brick; I call
these my improved header and stretcher faces or face bricks; their thickness
varies according to their application being from one inch to three inches, and
even more.

page_text: I make use of one or both of these bricks as may be wished, or according to
the kind of wall built. In applying them to (say) a nine-inch, or a one-brick
thick wall, which usually consists of headers and stretchers laid alternately,
I form my ordinary header shorter than usual, or what is the same, place it so
that its 'face reoedes from the face of the wall, a space equal to the thickness
of my improved face brick; in this space I place my improved header,
causing it to adhere to the other by means of lime or cement, the ordinary
stretcher brick is then placed in a line with the improved header; another
ordinary header having my improved header in front now follows, and then in
a similar way the ordinary stretcher, and on so in the succeeding course; the
stretchers are laid so as to break joint and thus form a bond to the improved
headers in the course beneath. By causing the improved headers to have a
greater thickness and project beyond the succeeding stretcher, and filling in
the recess on the face of the stretcher with my improved stretcher face the
whole front of the wall will be covered with my improved face bricks, so that
a more highly ornamental and a far more permanent front will be obtained at
a cost little beyond the ordinary. The same arrangement may be effected on
both sides of the wall, and this is applicable to all walls of whatever thickness
they may be from -brick up to 3, 4, or 5 bricks.
The next part of my Invention relates to another mude I adopt for attaching
and binding my improved header and stretcher faces, that is to say, I propose
to rabbet or recess either the two front corners, or all four corners of the
the stretcher bricks, according as I am about to line one or both faces of the
wall, so that when two bricks come together I am enabled to place one of my
face headers within the recess formed by the two rabbetted corners of the
bricks which not only produces the effect of an ornamental face but forms a
complete cover to the joints of the bricks. By causing the face to project
from the rabbetted recess, and placing another stretcher face along the ordinary
stretcher brick so as to come flush with the first face, the whole of the wall
may be faced with my improved slabs. The same arrangement may be
adopted with the other face. Another plan which I adopt in order to form a
perfect cover to the joints, and also to render the wall more ornamental is to
form the bricks of the usual length, but square in section, and rabbet two of
the adjacent edges of the front face, so that when they are set either side of
the brick can form the bed, and by placing a slab or strip along the recess
formed by the two rabbetted edges the joint is wholly covered and rendered
more ornamental by the slab which may be of any colour. In order that my
improved header and stretcher faces may be more easily and firmly attached
to the faces of the ordinary headers and stretchers forming the interior body

page_text: of the wall, and also so that they may be attached or joined to the latter even
before setting, I propose to form the outer faces of the ordinary header and
stretcher bricks so as to have tongues or filletts, and grooves along them, and in
like manner I form the backs of my improved slabs so as to have corresponding
tongues, filletts or grooves to fit the former; by means of this formation of the
surfaces a greater adhesion can be obtained between them, and they may 'even
be united together prior to being set in the walls. Furthermore by forming
a recess or indentation within the faces of the ordinary header and stretcher
bricks, I am enabled to insert within this a corresponding portion which may
be of any form or colour so as to produce a more highly ornamental effect.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Basford in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BASFORD, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manufac-
turer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
me, the said William Basford, Her special licence that I, the
said William Basford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as 1, the said William Basford, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from 'timo
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should.
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdoni
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BRICK WALLS,
AND IN THE MODE OF FORMING AND ORNAMENTING THE MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR
THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Basford, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Basford do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:
The first part of my Invention consists in constructing walls so that their
interior or exterior or both faces shall be composed of materials more even
and permanent in colour and more suitable for resisting the action of the
weather. I effect this by using small slabs or bricks of a better material, and
prepared in n superior manner to ordinary bricks; these slabs are of two kinds;
the one has a sectional area equal to that of the ordinary header brick, the
other has a sectional area equal to the face of a stretcher brick; I call
these my improved header and stretcher faces, or face bricks; their thickness
varies according to their application, being from one inch to three inches, or
even more. I make use of one, or of both of these bricks, as may be wished,
or according to the kind of wall built. In applying them to (say) a nine-
inch or a one-brick thick wall, which usually consists of headers and stretchers
laid alternately, I form my ordinary header shorter than usual, or what is
the same, place it so that its face recedes from the face of the wall a space
equal to the thickness of my improved face brick; in this space I place
my improved header causing it to adhere to the other by means of lime
or cement; the ordinary stretcher brick is then placed in a line with
the improved header. Another, ordinary beader having my improved header
in front, now follows, and then in a similar way the ordinary stretcher
and so on; in the succeeding course the stretchers are laid so as to break
joint, and thus form a bond to the improved headers in the course beneath.
By causing the improved headers to have a greater thickness and project
beyond the succeeding stretcher, and filling in the recess on the face of the
stretcher with my improved stretcher face the whole front of the wall will be
covered with my improved face bricks so that a more highly ornamental and
a far more permanent front will be obtained at a cost little beyond the ordinary.
The same arrangement may be effected on both sides of the wall, and this is
applicable to all walls of whatever thickness they may be, from brick thick,
up to 3 or 4 bricks thick.
The next part of my Invention relates to another mode I adopt for attaching
and binding my improved header and stretcher faces, that is to say, I propose
to rabbet or recess either the two front corners or all four corners of the
stretcher brick, according as I am about to line one or both faces of the wall,
so that when two bricks come together I am enabled to place one of my face
headers within the recess formed by the two rabbetted corners of the bricks

page_text: which not only produces the effect of an ornamental face, but forms a complete
cover to the joints of the bricks. By causing the face to project from the
rabbetted recess, and placing another stretcher face along the ordinary stretcher
brick, so as to come flush with the front face, the whole of the wall may be
faced with my improved slabs. The same arrangement may be adapted in
the other face. Another plan which I adopt in order to form a perfect cover
to the joints, and also to render the wall more ornamental, is to form the
bricks of the usual length, but square in section, and rabbet two of the adjacent
edges of the front face, so that when they are set either side of the brick can
form the bed, and by placing a slab or strip along the recess formed by the two
rabetted edges the joint is wholly covered and rendered more ornamental by
the slab, which may be of any colour. In order that my improved header and.
stretcher faces may be more easily and firmly attached to the faces of the
ordinary headers and stretchers forming the interior body of the wall, and also
so that they may be attached or joined to the latter, even before setting, I
propose to form the outer faces of the ordinary header, and stretcher bricks so
as to have tongues or fillets or grooves to fit the former; by means of this
formation of the surfaces a greater adhesion can be obtained between them,
and they may even be united together prior to being set on the walls. Further-
more by forming a recess or indentation within the faces of the ordinary
leader and stretcher bricks, I am enabled to insert within this a corresponding
portion, which may be of any form or colour, so as to produce a more highly
ornamental effect.
In order more clearly to illustrate my Invention and shew the method .by
which I carry out the same in practise, I have to this Specification appended the
accompanying Drawings, which are intended however only to exhibit the
general principles of my Invention which must of course be modified and
varied to suit particular applications to different classes of buildings.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 1 are an elevation and plan shewing the mode in which I
introduce my improved header face to one front of a nine-inch wall, built in
what is generally called Flemish bond, the headers and stretchers being laid
alternately; it will be seen that the ordinary header a, in Figure 1 is made
shorter than the ordinary header 6 a space equal to the thickness of the
improved header h.
Figure 1 shews the mode of introducing the same without shortening the
ordinary header brick, that is, by leaving a space between the stretchers equal
to the thickness of the improved header, which in the Drawing I have made

page_text: about one and a half inch; it will be seen from the elevation, Figure 1, that
in the succeeding course they break joint, so as to form a bond to the im-
proved header faces.
Figure 2 shews the mode of introducing the improved header faces h, h,
to both fronts of a nine-inch wall; in this case the short header is retained
and a space left between the stretchers. It will be easily seen that the same
can be done without shortening the ordinary headers.
Figures 3 and 3* are an elevation and section shewing the application of
both headers and stretchers; either a short ordinary header brick as before
described, or the ordinary length header brick may be used according as there
is a space left between the stretchers or not; the improved header face is
broader and deeper than that last described, being about three inches, while
the improved stretchers are only from one and a half to two inches; in the
succeeding course the improved header face (as shewn by the dotted line in
the Figure) comes over the centre of the stretcher face and forms a bond to it.
Figure 3 shews the same application to both sides of the wall. Although
the header face is shewn broader than the stretcher face it need not neces-
sarily he so, for by giving them both the same bed, and using some of them
with wider bed faces every third or fourth course a good bond is obtained
for the whole.
Figure 4 is a plan shewing the application to one front of a half brick wall
of my improved header and stretcher faces h and s; in this Figure the improved
header and stretcher faces are shown as having the same thickness, conse-
quently I use every second or third course improved faces having a greater
thickness, say about three inches instead of one inch and a half; the back
portion is bonded by the common brick covering the improved ends along the
courses up the wall.
Figure 5, is a plan shewing the same applied to both faces of a half brick
wall; in this system the improved hender faces are double the thickness of
the stretcher faces, and have spaces between them; the bond is formed in the
usual way. In all these sectional plans the improved header faces are shaded
with sectional lines drawn obliquely, and the improved stretcher faces crossed
with lines drawn vertically.
Figure 1, which is an elevation, illustrates that view for all the other
sections up to Figure 5.
Figures 6 and 6ª are plan and elevation shewing my improved faces applied to
that style of brick building called "Flemish bond;" in this system I make use
of ordinary bricks in thickness only three inches so as to allow me to use my
improved headers double the thickness of my improved stretcher faces.

page_text: Figures 6 and 6° are vertical sections of the same on the line x, y and y, = ;
the one shews the wall with spaces between the stretchers, the other without
any spaces; m, m, are the narrow bricks.
Figure 7 is a plan of a nine-inch wall composed of hollowed out bricks,
having the improved face headers and stretchers applied to one front. In
this method of construction the bricks used are of a new form invented by me,
the headers differing from the stretchers in having a space hollowed out on
two opposite sides, the other being only on one. The sizes which I prefer
these to be are seven inches long by six inches wide; the places marked o, o,
are hollow spaces in the wall.
Figure 6 a section of another mode of using my improved face, ends in
every other course of a wall composed of old English bond. Figures 8 and 8°
and 8b shewn an elevation, plan, and section of bricks rabbetted at the corners,
having a header face or slip inserted in the adjacent sunken portion so as to
cover the vertical joints of each pair of bricks; the faces in this system are
all stretcher faces attached to the ordinary bricks having the vertical slips f. f.
between them.
Figures 9, and 9, 9, are an elevation, plan, and section shewing the applica-
tion of the faces or slips to both the vertical and horizontal joints; f. f, the
vertical slips; g. 9, the horizontal ones; s, s, the stretcher faces attached to
the fronts of the ordinary bricks every second or third course; the stretchers:
markeds are not attached to the ordinary bricks, but have a larger bed, and
thus form a bond to the others, being made to break joint; these slips may be
formed either of brick or pottery, or glass, or marble or any such similar
materials.
Figures 10 and 10 shew a mode of attaching my improved faces to ordinary
bricks by means of grooves, fillets and bands on the faces to be joined; those
of the one fitting into those of the other, and being held together with good
cement. I am thus enabled to obtain a superior face brick, harder burned,
less porous, and more ornamental.
Figures 11 and 11" are a plan and section of a brick formed with a recess
in its face in order to receive a piece of sculpture or an ornamental slab of
any form, so that the same should be used for a facia or other ornamental
work.
It will be understood that although I have shewn the application of my
improved face headers and stretchers only to walls of half brick, and brick
thickness, they may in a somewhat similar manner be applied to walls of any
thickness; furthermore, although I have shewn my face headers and stretchers
having the thickness of the bed varying from one and a half to four inches, yet
:

page_text: they may be of any suitable thickness to suit particular kinds of walls or
buildings, and they may, according to the peculiar necessity of the case, have
either the same or different thickness.
'
Having now described my Invention, and the way in which it is carried
into effect, I wish it understood that I claim and want secured to me by the
before in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the mode of building walls so as to introduce upon one or both fronts.
of the same a superior and improved quality of face bricks to be applied or
built in the walls in the manner set forth and described in this Specification,
and more fully illustrated in the accompanying Drawings from Figure 1 to
Figure 6 inclusive.
Second, the mode of forming a nine-inch wall by means of the peculiar
formed bricks and improved header and stretcher faces shewn in Figures 7
and 7 of the accompanying Drawings, and substantially as here within
described.
Third, the method of covering the joints and faces of a brick wall as shewn
in Figures 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, and substantially as here within described.
Fourth, the mode of forming ordinary burnt clay bricks with grooves, fillets
and bands on the faces in order to cement more firmly an improved face brick
to them as shewn in Figures 10 and 10" and also I claim bricks so formed as
a new article of manufacture.
Fifth, the mode of forming ordinary bricks or my improved face brick with
a sunk recess in the face in order to receive and hold therein ornamental slabs
or sculpture, or such like articles substantially as here within described and set
forth in Figures 11 and 11ª.
Sixth, claim, in the construction of walls, the use of my improved end
bricks in combination with ordinary stretcher bricks whenever my improved
ends are narrower in the bed than the said ordinary stretcher bricks.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Basford, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM BASFORD. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Basford, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford,
Brick and Tile Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BRICK WALLS, AND IN THE MODE OF FORMING AND
ORNAMENTING THE MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THE SAME.
Sealed the 9th November 1860, and dated the 12th May 1860.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Basford in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BASFORD, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Brick and Tile Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Basford, Her special licence that I, the said William Basford,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Wil-
liam Basford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BRICK WALLS, AND IN THE MODE OF FORMING AND ORNA-
MENTING THE MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Basford, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Basford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention consists in constructing walls so that their
interior or exterior in both faces shall be composed of materials more even
and permanent in colour, and more suitable for resisting the action of the
weather. I effect this by using small slabs or bricks of a better material,
and prepared in a superior manner to ordinary bricks, these slabs are of two
kinds, the one has a sectional area equal to that of the ordinary header brick,
the other has a sectional area equal to the face of a stretcher brick, I call
these my improved header and stretcher faces, or face bricks, their thickness
varies according to their application being from one inch to three inches, or
even more. I make use of one or of both of these bricks as may be wished
or according to the kind of wall built. In applying these to (say) a nine-
inch or a one-brick thick wall, which usually consists of beaders and stretchers,
laid alternately, 1 form my ordinary header shorter than usual, or what is the
same, place it so that its face recedes from the face of the wall a space equal
to the thickness of my improved face brick; in this space I place my im-
proved header causing it to adhere to the other by means of line or cement, the
ordinary stretcher brick is then placed in a line with the improved header;
another ordinary header having my improved header in front, now follows, and
then in a similar way the ordinary stretcher and so on; in the succeeding
course, the stretchers are laid so as to break joint and thus form a bond to the
improved headers in the course beneath. By causing the improved headers
to have a greater thickness and project beyond the succeeding stretcher and
filling in the recess on the face of the stretcher with my improved stretcher
face, the whole front of the wall will be covered with my improved face bricks,

page_text: so that a more highly ornamental and a far more permanent front will be
obtained at a cost little beyond the ordinary. The same arrangement may
be effected on both sides of the wall; and this is applicable to all walls of
whatever thickness they may be, from a brick thick up to 3 or 4 bricks
thick.
The next part of my Invention relates to another mode I adopt for attaching
and binding my improved header and stretcher faces; that is to say, 1 propose
to rabbet or recess either the two front corners or all four corners of the
stretcher brick, according as I am about to line one or both faces of the wall,
so that, when two bricks come together, I am enabled to place one of my
face headers within the recess formed by the two rabbetted corners of the
bricks, which not only produces the effect of an ornamental face, but forms
a complete cover to the joints of the bricks. By causing the face to project
from the rabbetted recess and placing another stretcher face along the ordi-
nary stretcher brick, so as to come flush with the front face, the whole of
the wall may be faced with my improved slabs. The same arrange-
ment may be adopted with the other face. Another plan which I adopt, in
order to form a perfect cover to the joints, and also to render the wall more
ornamental, is to form the bricks of the usual length, but square in section,
and rabbet two of the adjacent edges of the front face; so that, when they are
set, either side of the brick can form the bed, and by placing a slab or strip
along the recess formed by the two rabbetted edges the joint is wholly covered
and rendered more ornamental by the slab which may be of any colour..
In order that my improved header and stretcher faces may be more easily.
and firmly attached to the faces of the ordinary headers and stretchers forming:
the interior body of the wall, and also so that they may be attached or. joined
to the latter, even before setting I propose to form the outer faces of the
ordinary header and stretcher bricks, so as to have tongues or fillets and
grooves along them; and, in like manner, I form the backs of my improved
slabs so as to have corresponding tongues, fillets, or grooves to fit the former;
by means of the formation of the surfaces a greater adhesion can be obtained
between them and they may even be united together prior to being set in the
walls. Furthermore, by forming a recess or indentation within the faces of
the ordinary header and stretcher bricks, I am enabled to insert within this a
corresponding portion which may be of any form or colour, so as to produce a
more highly ornamental effect...
In order more clearly to illustrate my Invention, and show the method by
which I carry out the same in practise, I have to this Specification appended
the accompanying Drawings which are intended however only to exhibit

page_text: Figures 1 and 1 are an elevation and plan, showing the mode in which I
introduce my improved header face to one front of a 9-inch wall built in what is
generally called Flemish bond, the headers and stretchers being laid alternately;
it will be seen that the ordinary header a in Figure 1°, is made shorter than
the ordinary stretcher b, a space equal to the thickness of the improved
header h.
Figure 1 shews the mode of introducing the same without shortening the
ordinary header brick, that is, by leaving a space between the stretchers, equal
to the thickness of the improved header, which in the Drawing I have made
about one and a half inch; it will be seen from the elevation, Figure 1, that in
the succeeding course they break joint so as to form a bond to the improved
header faces.
Figure 2 shews the mode of introducing the improved header faces h, h,
to both fronts of a nine-inch wall, in this case the short header is retained
and a space left between the stretchers; it will be easily seen that the same
can be done without shortening the ordinary headers.
Figures 3 and 3" are an clevation and section shewing the application of
both headers and stretchers, either a short ordinary header brick as beforo
described, or the ordinary length header brick may be used according as there
is a space left between the stretchers or not; the improved header face is
broader and deeper than that last described, being about three inches, while
the improved stretchers are only from one and a half to two inches; in the
succeeding course the improved header face, as shown by the dotted line in
the Figure, comes over the centre of the stretcher face and forms a bond to it.
Figure 3b shews the same application to both sides of the wall. Although
the header face is shewn broader than the stretcher face, it need not
necessarily be so, for by giving them both the same bed and using some of
them with under bed faces every third or fourth course, a good bond is obtained
for the whole.
Figure 4 is a plan shewing the application to one front of a half brick wall
of my improved header and stretcher faces h and s; in this Figure the
improved header and stretcher faces are shewn as having the same thickness,
consequently I use every second or third course, improved header faces
having a greater thickness, say about three inches instead of one inch and

page_text: a half. The back portion is bonded by the common brick covering, the
improved ends along the courses up the wall.
Figure 5 is a plan shewing the same applied to both faces of a half brick
wall; in this system the improved header faces are double the thickness of the.
stretcher faces and have spaces between them, the bond is formed in the
usual way. In all these sectional plans the improved header faces are shaded'
with sectional lines drawn obliquely, and the improved stretcher faces crossed
with lines drawn vertically. Figure 1, which is an elevation, illustrates that
view for all the other sections up to Figure 5.
Figures 6 and 6* are plan and elevation shewing my improved faces
applied to that style of brick building called "Flemish bond; "in this system
I make use of ordinary bricks, in thickness only three inches, so as to allow
me to use my improved headers double the thickness of my improved
stretcher faces.
Figures 6 and 6° are vertical sections of the same, on the line x, y and y, z,
the one shews the wall with spaces between the stretchers, the other without
any spaces; m, m, are the narrow bricks.
Figure 7 is a plan of a nine-inch wall composed of hollowed out bricks having
the improved face headers and stretchers applied to one front. In this method
of construction the bricks used are of a new form invented by ine, the
headers differing from the stretchers in having a space hollowed out on two
opposite sides the other being only on one. The sizes which I prefer these to
be are seven inches long by six inches wide; the places marked o, o, are hollow
spaces in the wall.
Figure 6d is a section of another mode of using my improved face ends in
every other course of a wall composed of old English bond.
Figures 8 and 8 and 8b, shew an elevation, plan, and section of bricks
rabbetted at the corners, having a header face or slip inserted in the adjacent
sunk portion so as to cover the vertical joints of each pair of bricks; the faces
in this system are all stretcher faces attached to the ordinary bricks, having the
vertical slips ff, between them.
Figures 9. 9 and 9b are an elevation, plan, and section, shewing the appli-
cation of the faces or slips to both the vertical and horizontal joints; f,f, the
vertical slips; g, g, the horizontal ones; 8, 8, the stretcher faces attached to the
fronts of the ordinary bricks. Every second or third course the stretchers
marked are not attached to the ordinary bricks but have a larger bed, and
thus form a bond to the others, being made to break joint; these slips may
formed either of brick, or pottery, or glass, or marble, or any similar materials.
Figures 10 and 10 shew a mode of attaching my improved faces to ordinary
be

page_text: bricks by means of grooves, fillets, and bands, on the faces to be joined, those
of the one filling into those of the other, and being held together with good
cement. I am thus enabled to obtain a superior face brick, harder burnt,
less porous, and more ornamental.
Figures 11 and 11° are a plan and section of a brick formed with a recess
in its face in order to receive a piece of sculpture, or an ornamental slab of
any form, so that the same should be used for a facia or other ornainental
work.
It is well to be understood that although I bave shewn the application of
my improved face headers and stretchers only to walls of balf brick and brick
thickness, they may, in a somewhat similar manner, be applied to walls of any
thickness; furthermore, although I have shewn my face headers and stretchers
having the thickness of the bed varying from 1 to 4 inches, yet they may be
of any suitable thickness to suit particular kinds of walls or buildings; and
they may, according to the peculiar necessity of the case, have either the same
or different thickness.
Having now described my Invention and the way in which it is carried into
effect, I wish it understood that I claim and want secured to me by the before
in part recited Letters Patent.
First, the mode of building walls so as to introduce upon one or both fronts
of the same a superior and improved quality of face bricks to be applied or
built in the walls, in the manner set forth and described in this Specification,
and more fully illustrated in the accompanying Drawings from Figure No. 1
to Figure 6, inclusive.
Second, the mode of forming a nine-inch wall by means of the peculiar
formed bricks and improved header and stretcher faces shewn in Figures 7
and 7 of the accompanying Drawings, and substantially as here-within
described.
Third, the method of covering the joints and faces of a brick wall, as shown
in Figures 8, 8, 8, 9, 9", and 9, and substantially as here-within described.
Fourth, the mode of forming ordinary burnt clay bricks with grooves,
fillets, and bands on the faces, in order to cement more firmly an improved
face brick to them, as shewn in Figures 10 and 10%, and also I claim bricks
so formed as a new article of manufacture.
Fifth, the mode of forming ordinary bricks, or my improved face bricks,
with a sunk recess in the face in order to receive and hold therein ornamental
slabs or sculpture or such like articles, substantially as here within described
and set forth in the Figures 11 and 11".

page_text: Sixth, I claim in the construction of walls the use of my improved end
bricks in combination with ordinary stretcher bricks, whenever my improved
ends are narrower in the bed than the said ordinary stretcher bricks..
In witness whereof, I, the said William Basford, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM BASFORD. (L.s.)