Improvements in Internal Combustion Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 28th July, 1900-Accepted, 15th Sept., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Motors.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw, Man-
chester, and JAMES ATKINSON, of The Woodlands, Marple, Cheshire, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to internal combustion motors operating on the four
stroke or "Otto" cycle and has for its object the regulation of the power developed
at each ignited charge by varying the volume of gas and air drawn in to make such
charge, these volumes being varied automatically by the governor, within certain
limits, so as to be suitable to the load the motor has to dive without cutting
out charges thus maintaining a more equable rate of speed
The means employed for carrying out this invention are mainly in connection
with the gas valve and the charge admission valve, with the gear employed to
operate them
In a suitable arrangement one lever is arranged to open the gas and charge ad-
mission valves by means of a cam and a substantial icller, whilst a second level,
cam and roller (or its equivalent) control the valves when once opened and decide
the variable timing of their closing The heavy work of opening the valves is
done by means of substantial gear suitable for the purpose and much lighter gear
employed for the purpose of keeping them open and allowing them to close, the
timing of the closing being decided by the governor, which thus requires to contiol
light parts which are easily moved instead of heavy parts which would be neces-
sary if the same gear was used for both opening and closing the valves At the
time of closing the heavy opening gear has been disengaged The vanable closings
may be obtained by using dies with variable depths of notches, into which knife
edges engage at each reciprocation of the levers, say as on the present "Crossley"
system, the dies being moved into any desired positions to suit any of the notches
by means of the governoi As these notches can be made very narrow the work-
ing range of the governor can thus be kept small
In an alternative anangement one lever may be used for opening both gas and
admission valves having at one end a broad roller always engaging with the open-
ing portion of the cam and on the same roller pin a narrow roller engaging with
one of several narrow cams giving a variable closing under control of the
governor In this case the gas valve may be opened through a die and knife edged
pusher, the governor being also so connected to the die as to move it out of lange
of contact with the knife edge when no working stroke at all is to be made
The varying closing of the admission takes place during the suction stroke of
the motor and thus varies the amount of charge drawn in If the cut off takes
place say when the piston has moved half way out, only half the piston volume
(more or less) is drawn in, the pressure in the cylinder then falls below atmospheric
pressure during the latter half of the suction stroke, if the exhaust valve opens
inwards, as 18 usual with this type of motor, it would require a very strong spring
on it to prevent its being opened and exhaust thus drawn back into the cylinder

page_text: To prevent this the exhaust valve may have an equilibrating arrangement Such
equilibrating arrangement may also be used on the air valve.
Doted this 20th dox of October 1800
W. J. CROSSLEY
JAMES ATKINSON
Improvements in internal Combustion motors.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw, Man-
chester, and JAMFS ATKINSON, of The Woodlands, Marple, Cheshire, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same 18 to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:--
++
This invention relates to internal combustion motors operating on the four
stroke or Otto" cycle and has for its object the regulation of the power developed
at each ignited chaige by varying the volume of gas and air drawn in to make such
charge; these volumes being valled automatically by the governor, within certain
limits, so as to be suitable for the load the motor has to dive without outting
out charges, thus maintaining a more equable rate of speed
The means employed for carrying out this invention are mainly in connection
with the gas valve and the charge admission valve, with the gear employed to
opeiate them
To more clearly explain the nature of this invention and the manner in which
it can be carried out we append two sheets of drawings in which Fig. 1 Sheet 1
is an elevation partly in section through the admission valve and Fig 2 Sheet 1
is a plan, of the same also partly in section through the admission valve and the
gas valve showing one arrangement. Fig 3 Sheet 2 18 an elevation partly in sec-
tion through the admission valve and the gas valve and Fig. 4 Sheet 3 is a plan
of the same showing an alternative arrangement.
In a suitable arrangement as shown in Figs 1 and 2 Sheet 1 one lever A 18
arranged to open the gas valve B and charge admission valve C by means of a
cam D and a substantial roller I, whilst a second lever F cam G and roller H (or
its equivalent) control the valves when once opened and decide the vanable timing
of their closing by means of the various steps in the cam G The heavy work of
opening the valves B and C 18 done by means of substantial gear suitable for the
purpose and much lighter gear employed for the purpose of keeping them open
and allowing them to close, the timing of the closing being decided by the gov-
ernor moving the light roller H so as to engage with any desired step in the cam G
which thus requires to contiol light parts which are easily moved instead of heavy
parts which would be necessary if the same gear was used for both opening and
closing the valves B and C. At the time of closing the heavy opening gear has
been disengaged by the roller I passing the short lifting portion of the cam D.
The variable closings may be obtained by using dies with variable depths of notches,
into which knife edges engage at each recipiocation of the levers or by means of
the use of vanable steps in the cam G as shown, the dies or the roller H being
moved into any desired positions to suit any of the notches or steps by means of
the governor through the track rod K As these notches can be made very narrow
the working range of the governor can thus be kept small
In an alternative arrangement one lever L may be used for opening both gas
and admission valves, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 2, having at one end a broad
roller M always engaging with the opening portion of the cam N and on the same

page_text: roller pin O a narrow roller P engaging with one of several narrow cams giving
a variable closing under control of the governor In this case the gas valve K
may be opened through a die S and knife edged pusher T, the governor being also
so connected to the die S as to move it out of range of contact with the knife
edge T when no working stroke at all is to be made
The varying closing of the admission takes place during the suction stroke of
the motor and thus varies the amount of charge drawn in If the cut off takes
place, say, when the piston has moved half way out, only half the piston volume
(more or less) 18 drawn in, the pressure in the cylinder then falls below atmospheric
pressure during the latter half of the suction stroke If the exhaust valve opens
inwards, as is usual with this type of motor, it would require a very strong sping
on it to prevent its being opened and exhaust thus drawn back into the cylinder
To prevent this the exhaust valve may have an equilibrating aangement
equilibrating arrangement may also be used on the admission valve.
Such
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim 18:-
1 In an internal combustion motor the use of a substantial lever, roller and
cam for opening the admission and gas valves and a second lighter lever with
roller and cam with variable steps for the purpose of holding the valves open and
allowing them to close at variable times as decided by the governor, substantially
as described in the specification and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 1 of the
accompanying drawings
2 In an internal combustion motor the use of one lever for opening and closing
the admission and gas valves having a substantial roller and cam for opening and
a lighter roller and cam with variable steps for holding open the valves and allow-
ing them to close at variable times as decided by the governor, substantially as
described in the specification and illustrated in Fig 3 and 4 Sheet 2 of the accom-
panying drawings
3 The use of a die and pushe knife edge for opening the gas valve of an
internal combustion engine in combination with valve operating gear, as described
in Claims 1 and 2, so controlled by the governor as to be moved out of contact
when no working stroke is required, substantially as described and illustrated
4 The general arrangement and construction of valve operating gear for in-
ternal combustion motors, substantially as described and illustrated
Dated this 25th day of July 1900