IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Abbott and Alexander Dymock, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Tobacco-pipe Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN MAKING CLAY
TOBACCO PIPES."
Sealed the 27th February 1880, and dated the 2nd September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Abbott and
Alexander Dymock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
2nd September 1879.
WILLIAM ABBOTT and ALEXANDER DYMOCK, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Tobacco-pipe Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS TO BE USED IN MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES.""
This Invention relates to apparatus for making clay tobacco pipes, which
apparatus is partly of the kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to John Liston, and dated 17 March 1876 (No. 1153).
The first part of the present Invention comprises improved apparatus for forming
the rolls which have to be subsequently moulded into complete pipes. In this
improved apparatus the clay in a well worked and suitable stiff condition is forced
out of a lateral opening in the side of the barrel of a pug mill or other vessel into a
box or port having an open bottom, and fitted with a plunger working vertically
in it. Beneath the port there slides horizontally backwards and forwards a mould
plate having two mould cavities cut completely through it, and which the move-
ment of the plate brings alternately under the port. There is beneath the sliding
plate a fixed plate at the part under the port, and the plunger forces down from
the port a quantity of clay to fill each mould cavity whenever it comes under the
port. The mould cavity is shaped to give a four-sided obelisk form to the clay, the
length of which is across the plate, the plate being tapered in thickness to make
the top and bottom inclined to each other, whilst the sides are also shaped with an
inclination to each other. As the mould plate moves one cavity under the port it
carries the other cavity to a position in which a plunger forces the obelisk of clay
down out of the cavity, and it is then separated from the plunger by a wire, and

page_text: falls on a plate, board, or endless apron, and is placed in the position for being
rolled. The rolling operation is effected on a flat board or plate by a palm piece
or rolling board shaped and moved so as to imitate the action of the hand. The
palm piece is shaped to correspond to the particular form of pipe roll required, and
it has a movement round a vertical axis or centre to make it follow the partly-
circular horizontal movement of the roll in rolling over a flat surface. The acting
surface of the palm piece is by preference convex, and as the piece is moved round
the vertical axis a rocking motion is at the same time imparted to it about a
horizontal or inclined axis. This rocking motion which may be imparted by the
action of a pinion on the palm piece rolling over a number of stationary teeth, or
in any other convenient way, makes each part of the acting surface bear on the roll
in succession. The palm piece is made to move forwards and backwards two, three,
or more times as may be found desirable, and at the last forward movement it is
carried further than before, and made to thereby discharge the roll over the end of
the fixed board or plate upon an endless apron. It may be found possible to
dispense with the rocking motion of the palm piece, and to make it with a flat
acting surface Scrapers are provided for cleaning the palm piece and board or
plate, and oil may be applied to them if found desirable.
The parts hereinbefore described for moulding and rolling the rolls may be
repeated on diametrically opposite sides of the pug mill or other vessel out of which
the clay is primarily forced.
The second part of the Invention comprises improvements designed to render
more efficient and durable the machine for moulding the rolls into pipes described
in the Specification, hereinbefore referred to. By the present Invention each
machine is made to work with a single pair of half moulds, which is however
carried and moved as formerly. A clutch is applied to a part of the gearing to
stop its motion, and unnecessary wear and tear during the periods when the mould
is moved to the side. The rotation of the wire is obtained by means of a small
counter shaft, so as to conveniently get a greater speed than was formerly obtained
by a cord from the fly wheel, and so as to admit of the motion being stopped when
it not required. To make sure of the knife not causing inconvenience by
carrying back the clay it removes, a moving cleaner worked by a cain is applied
to act on it. In order to allow of the stapper being adapted to bowls at different
angles to the pipe stems, the guide of the stapper slide or bar is made adjustable
to the required angle. Instead of a grooved-face cam for moving the stapper an
edge cam is provided for lowering it, and it is raised by a spring or counter-
weight or by a separate cam.. In a similar way an edge cam is applied for raising
the wedge box, a spring or weight or a separate cam or cam groove being provided
for lowering it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Abbott and Alexander Dymock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st March 1880.
WILLIAM ABBOTT and ALEXANDER DYMOCK, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Tobacco-pipe Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS TO BE USED IN MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES."
Our said Invention relates to apparatus for making clay tobacco pipes, which
apparatus is partly of the kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to John Liston, and dated 17 March, 1876 (No. 1153).
The first part of our present Invention comprises improved apparatus for forming
the rolls which have to be subsequently moulded into complete pipes. In this
improved apparatus the clay, in a well worked and suitable stiff condition, is shaped
by means of a mould plate having two mould cavities cut completely through it,
and each of which is shaped to give a four-sided obelisk form to the clay. The
length of the obelisk is across the plate, the plate being tapered in thickness to
make the top and bottom inclined to each other, whilst the sides are also shaped
with an inclination to each other. The rolling operation is effected on a flat board
or plate by a palm piece or rolling board shaped and moved so as to imitate the
action of the hand. The palm piece is shaped to correspond to the particular form
of pipe roll required, and it may have a slight movement round a vertical axis or
centre to make it follow the partly-circular horizontal movement of the roll in
rolling over a flat surface. The acting surface of the palm piece is by preference
convex, and as the piece is moved round the vertical axis or in a rectilinear direction,
a rocking motion is at the same time imparted to it about a horizontal or inclined
axis. This rocking motion which may be imparted by the action of a pinion on
the palm piece rolling over a number of stationary teeth, or in any other conve-
nient way, makes each part of the acting surface bear on the roll in succession.
The palm piece is made to move forwards and backwards two, three, or more times
as may be found desirable, and at the last forward movement it is carried further
than before, and made to thereby discharge the roll over the end of the fixed board
or plate upon an endless apron. It may be found possible to dispense with the
rocking motion of the palm piece and to make it with a flat acting surface. Scrapers
are provided for cleaning the palm,piece and board or plate, and oil may be applied
to them if found desirable..
.
The parts herein before described for moulding and rolling the rolls may be
repeated on diametrically opposite sides of the pug mill or other vessel out of which
the clay is primarily forced.
The second part of our Invention comprises improvements designed to render
more efficient and durable the machine for moulding the rolls into pipes described
in the Specification herein before referred to. By our present Invention each
machine is made to work with a single pair of half moulds, which is however carried
and moved as formerly. A clutch is applied to a part of the gearing to stop its
motion and unnecessary wear and tear during the periods when the mould is
moved to the side; and other minor improvements are also adopted.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood we hereunto append three Sheets of explanatory
Drawings to be hereinafter referred to, and representing roll-making and pipe-
making machines embodying our improvements. In these Drawings the same
reference numerals are employed to mark the same or like parts wherever they are
repeated.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are respectively
a sectional plan and a sectional side elevation of the roll-making machine; and
Figures 3 and 4 are sections of details.

page_text: A pug mill 1 of an ordinary construction. occupies the centre of the machine,
its blades being upon a central vertical shaft 2, driven by means of a bevil wheel 3
on it beneath the pug mill. The pug mill 1 is made with discharge ports 4 on
opposite sides, and similar actions take place on both sides, but for convenience
those of one side only will be particularly described. The clay in a well worked
and suitable stiff condition is forced out of the port 4 of the pug mill 1 into a box 5
having an open bottom and fitted with a plunger 6 working vertically in it, this
plunger 6 being moved through a lever 7 on a rocking shaft having on it a lever 8
worked from a rotating cam 9. Beneath the box 5 there slides horizontally
backwards and forwards a mould plate .10, having two mould cavities 11, 12,
cut completely through it, and which the movement of the plate brings alternately
under the box 5. The plate 10 is moved by means of a connecting rod 13 from a
crank 14 on a transverse horizontal shaft 15 driven by bevil wheels from the.
shaft 16 carrying the cam 9, which latter shaft 16 is itself driven by means of
spurwheels 17 from a lower shaft 18, having on it a bevil pinion in gear with the
bevil wheel 3 on the puginill shaft 2. There is beneath the sliding plate 10 a fixed
plate 19 at the part under the box 5, and the plunger 6 forces down from the box
a quantity of clay to fill each mould cavity 11 or 12 whenever it comes under the
box. Each mould cavity 11, 12, is shaped to give a four-sided obelisk form to the
clay, the length of which is across the plate 10, the plate being tapered in
thickness, as shown in Figure 3, which is a cross-section, to make the top and
bottom inclined to each other, whilst the sides of the cavity are also shaped with
an inclination to each other. The top and bottom of the plate 10 and the sides of
the mould cavities 11, 12, whilst wider apart at the inner part of the plate may be
straight or more or less curved as may be found best in practice.
As the mould plate 10 moves one cavity 11 under the box 5 it carries the other
12 to a position in which a plunger 20 descending by its own weight forces the
obelisk of clay down out of the cavity, and it is then separated from the plunger by
a wire and falls on a plate or board 21-(or it might be on an endless apron), and is
placed in a position for being rolled. The acting part of the plunger 20 is by
preference shaped to push down the small end of the obelisk slightly in advance.
The two plungers 20 on opposite sides of the machine are fixed to a crosshead 22,
and raised at the proper times by means of a bar 23, which is acted on by a cam
24 on the top of the bevil wheel 3. The wires for detaching the obelisks from the
plungers 20 are on each side of the machine held by a frame 25 sliding horizontally
in guides and moved in one direction by a spring, and in the other by a rod 26
connected to a lever, 27, which is acted on by a cam 28. This can 28 is on a shaft
29, which by a bevil pinion gearing with the bevil wheel 3 drives the pugmill
shaft 2, being itself driven by means of spur gearing 30 from a first-motion shaft
31, having on it fast and loose pulleys 32 for a driving belt. At each side of the
machine there are two sets of parts connected with the rolling operation, or four
sets in all; but as they are all alike it will be sufficient to describe one set.
The rolling operation is effected on the flat board or plate 21 by a palm piece
or rolling board 33, shaped and moved so as to imitate the action of the hand.
This palm piece 33, which is in Figure 4 shown as sectioned at right angles to
Figures 1 and 2, is shaped to correspond to the particular form of pipe roll required,
and its acting surface or underside is by preference convex. The palm piece 33 is
adjustably set on a transverse rod 34, Figures 1, 4, fixed in a frame 35 capable of
movement in transverse guides; and it has jointed to it a rod 36, the other end of
which is jointed to a lever 37 receiving motion from a canı 38. The rod 36 moves
the palm piece 33 forwards and backwards two, three, or more times as may be
found desirable, the cam 38 being shaped accordingly, and at the last forward
movement it is carried further than before, and made to thereby discharge the roll
over the end of the fixed board 21, down upon an endless apron 39, which carries the
roll away from the machine.
Whilst the palm piece 33 is being moved as just
described a transverse movement is also imparted to it by means of a lever 40
connected to the frame 35, and having fixed in its other end a vertical rod 41,

page_text: which is acted on by a cam or eccentric 42, the object of the arrangement being.
to move the palm piece nearer the thicker or bowl end of the roll as the operation
progresses. The movements of the rods 36 at one side of the machine are commu-
nicated to the corresponding rods at the other side by pairs of horizontal levers
43, 44.
Our improved pipe-making machine is represented on Sheet 3, of the accom-
panying Drawings; Figure 5 being a plan and Figure 6 a sectional side elevation,
whilst Figure 7 is an end elevation, and Figure 8 a transverse vertical section.
Several details connected with the half moulds which remain as in the former
machine are not fully shown in these Drawings.
By our present Invention each machine is made to work with only a single pair
of half moulds, which is however carried and moved as formerly by a horizontal.
transversly sliding plate 50. The first-motion shaft 51 by a pinion 52 drives a
spurwheel 53, which engages with the second-motion shaft 55 by a clutch 54, and the
spurwheel 53 has fast to it a smaller spurwheel 56 gearing with a spurwheel 57
on a third-motion shaft 58. On the third-motion shaft 58 there is a cam 59
which acts on a lever 60 arranged for shifting the clutch 54, and this lever 60 is
also made with a projection 61, which when moving the clutch out of gear enters
a notch in a flange 62 and prevents the shaft 55 from turning or getting displaced.
The rotation of the wire 63 is obtained by means of a small countershaft or
equivalent so as to conveniently get a greater speed than was formerly obtained by
a cord direct from the flywheel. On a stud 64 there run two pulleys 65, 66, fixed
together, the smaller being driven by a belt 67 from the flywheel, and the larger
driving the wire spindle by means of a cord 68.
To make sure of the knife 69 not causing inconvenience by carrying back the
clay it removes, a moving cleaner 70 worked by a cam 71 is applied to act on it.
The cleaner 70 is in the form of a lever having a vertical rod 72 jointed to it with,
a spring applied to return it after the cam has made the cleaning part move down
into contact with the knife.
In order to allow of the stapper 73 being adapted to bowls at different angles to
the pipe stems the guide 74 of the stapper slide or bar 75 is made adjustable to the
required angle, being fixed to a bracket 76 by bolts passing through arc-shaped
slots.
Instead of a grooved-face cam for moving the stapper 73 an edge cam 77, on the
second-motion shaft 55, is provided for lowering it, and it may be raised by a
spring or counterweight, or as we prefer by a separate edge cam 78, which is on a
short shaft 79, driven from the shaft 55 by spurwheels. The cams 77, 78, act on
a lever 80, which is connected by a jointed and adjustable rod 81 to the stapper
slide 75. In a similar way an edge cam 82, fast on the shaft 55, and acting on a
lever 83, is applied for raising the wedge box 84, a separate grooved face cam 85,
or an edge cam, or a spring, or weight being provided for lowering it.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but that what we believe to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to us by and in terms of the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The combination of apparatus hereinbefore described for making rolls.
2. The adaptation of the mould plate (10) with its cavities and immediate acces-
sories so as to give an obelisk or similar form to the clay, as herein before
described.
3. The apparatus comprising the palm piece (33) and its immediate accessories
or equivalent parts for rolling the obelisks or forming the rolls, substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described.
4. The employment of the wires for insuring the separation of the obelisks from
the plungers (20), as hereinbefore described.
5. The arranging of the pipe-making apparatus to work with a single pair of

page_text: half-moulds and with a clutch to keep certain parts from working unnecessarily, as
herein before described.
6. The improved arrangement of parts whereby an increased speed of rotation is
conveniently given to the wire, as hereinbefore described.
7. The addition to the apparatus of a knife cleaner (70), arranged substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein before described.
8. The making of the stapper guide angularly adjustable, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
9. The employment of edge cams, in the manner and for the special purposes
herein before described.
10. The combination in apparatus for making clay tobacco pipes of parts which
roll the clay, substantially in the manner herein before described, to form rolls with
parts for subsequently shaping such rolls in moulds to form pipes.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Abbott and Alexander Dymock,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-eighth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM ABBOTT,
(L.S.)
ALEXANDER DYMOCK. (L.S.)