IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING ILLU- MINATING COAL GAS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hallsworth, of Armley, near Leeds, and
Richard Bailes, of Woodhouse Carr, near Leeds, both in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING ILLU-
MINATING COAL GAS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR."
".
Sealed the 6th October 1875, and dated the 11th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hallsworth
and Richard Bailes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th May 1875.
We, SAMUEL HALLSWORTH, of Armley, near Leeds, and RICHARD
BAILES, of Woodhouse Carr, near Leeds, both in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFYING ILLUMINATING COAL GAS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE MEANS.
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-

page_text: Firstly. We take the following materials, separate or combined, and
grind them to a powder in a mortar mill or other equivalent. Iron ores
in an oxidized state. The waste product or residue that remains after.
iron pyrites have been burnt or calcined for the production of sulphuric
acid, or the said waste product or residue that may have been placed
upon a heap and exposed to the weather and used in the manufacture of
copperas or other purposes, and the waste products or residue that remains
from burnt or. calcined alum shale after being used in the manufacture
of alum.
Secondly. We mix together about eighty-four pounds of slacked lime
and twenty-eight pounds of dry sawdust or other equivalent, then add
about eleven gallons of the liquid that runs from beds of iron pyrites at
copperas works or elsewhere, or the same quantity of a solution of
copperas about forty degrees by Twaddel's hydrometer, or the same
quantity of the mother liquor that remains after the crystallization of
copperas, or the same quantity of the liquid (about thirty degrees by
Twaddle's hydrometer) which may be obtained from burnt or calcined
alum shale at alum works or elsewhere, and well mix together.
Thirdly. We then add about five hundredweights of the herein-before
named ground iron ore, or the same weight of the said residue of burnt
iron pyrites, or the same weight of the said residue of calcined alum
shale, or the same weight of the residue of " spent oxide." The whole
is thoroughly mixed together and forms a compound, which we name
No. 1 gas purifying mixture.
We will explain what we mean by the residue of "spent oxide."
When preparations of oxide of iron or copperas, or dry copperas are
used for the purification of coal gas, and can be no longer used, the
materials are called "spent oxide."
"
"
The spent oxide" is deprived of its sulphate of ammonia and
sulphur in the ordinary way, and the residue that remains is what we
use. The residue from " spent oxide may be mixed with the ground
iron ores or with the ground residue of burnt iron pyrites, or with the
ground residue that remains of calcined alum shale after being used in
the manufacture of alum. The same weight of the mixed materials is
used as of the herein-before named materials when used separate.
Another compound, which we name No. 2 gas purifying mixture, is
prepared as follows:-We take the commercial article known as copperas,

page_text: or the copperas sediment known as "cooler bottoms," or the sediment
from the evaporating pans or boilers at copperas works, or the sediment
made in the manufacture of nitrate of iron, and dry it on a heated floor
or by other suitable means so as to bring it to a dry powder. The
copperas, or any of the above named sediments, may be dried and used
separately or combined.
We mix together about eighty-four pounds of slacked lime and
twenty-eight pounds of dry sawdust or other equivalents, we then add
cleven gallons of any of the herein-before mentioned liquids or solution
and well mix together.
About five hundredweights of the above named dried copperas or
dried sediments is now added and the whole well mixed together.
If required the above named gas purifying mixtures may be further.
moistened with any of the herein-before named liquids.
'
Another compound, which we name No. 3 gas purifying mixture, is
prepared as follows -We mix together the above named quantities of
slacked lime and dry sawdust, or other equivalents, and about five
hundredweights of the herein-before named ground iron ore, or the same
weight of the said residue of burnt iron pyrites, or the same weight of
the said residue of calcined alum shale, or the same weight of the said
residue of "spent oxide." The whole is moistened with water and
thoroughly mixed together. These compounds can be used in the
ordinary dry lime purifiers.
After using the No. 1 or No. 2 gas purifying mixtures once, it is
spread on the floor and moistened each time before being used again
with any of the herein-before mentioned liquids or solution.
When the liquid from beds of iron pyrites is used it is previously
further neutralized with iron turnings, waste iron ware, or other suitable
scrap iron.
The proportions of the hercin-before mentioned ingredients may be
modified as required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hallsworth and Richard Bailes in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
HALLSWORTH, of Armley, near Leeds, and RICHARD BAILES, of Wood-
house Carr, near Leeds, both in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred, and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Samuel Hallsworth and Richard
Bailes, Her special licence that we, the said Samuel Hallsworth
and Richard Bailes, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Samuel Hallsworth and Richard Bailes, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING. ILLUMINATING COAL GAS, AND IN THE PREPARATION
OF THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,' upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Samuel Hallsworth and Richard Bailes, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature, of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
""
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Hallsworth and Richard
Bailes, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
Our Invention consists in the preparation and use of a certain com-
pound for the purification of illuminating coal gas.
Firstly. We make use of the following materials separately or com-
Firstly. We make use of the following materials separately
or com-

page_text: bined They may be used in the state in which they are obtained, but
we prefer to pass them through a riddle or seive of about three-cighths,
or half an inch mesh, and grind or crush the lumps in a mortar mill
or other equivalent. Iron ores in an oxidized state. The waste product
or residue that remains after iron pyrites have been burnt or calcined for
the production of sulphuric acid, or the said waste product or residue of
iron pyrites that may have been placed upon a bed or heap and exposed
to the weather (rain falling upon them or water being thrown thereon
when requisite, the said residue yields a liquid or liquor that is used in
the manufacture of copperas or other purposes, which said liquid or
liquor we use, as will be herein stated) and the waste product or residue
that remains from burnt or calcined alum shale after being used in the
manufacture of alum.
Secondly. We mix together about one wheelbarrow of ordinary size
full of slacked lime, and two wheelbarrows of ordinary size of sawdust
or other equivalent, then add about seventeen gallons of any of the
following liquids or solutions and well mix them again. The liquid or
liquor that
may be obtained from the herein-before named beds or heaps of
burnt or calcined residue of iron pyrites, or the liquid or liquor that runs
from beds of iron pyrites at copperas works or elsewhere, or a solution of
copperas, or the mother liquid that remains after the crystalization of
copperas, or the liquid which may be obtained from burnt or calcined
alum shale, or a solution of sulphuric acid and iron, or a solution of
nitrate or muriate of iron. We prefer to use the liquids or liquors
obtained from the beds of the residue of burnt iron pyrites and from the
beds of iron pyrites at copperas works or elsewhere.
Thirdly. We then add about five wheelbarrows of ordinary size full
of any of the herein-before named seived or ground materials, videlicet,
iron ores in an oxidized state or of the residue of burnt or calcined iron
pyrites, or of burnt or calcined iron pyrites after being placed upon a
bed or heap and exposed to the weather and used in the manufacture of
copperas or other purposes, or of the residue that remains from burnt or
calcined alum shale, or of the residue of "spent oxide." The whole is
well mixed together, and forms a compound. which we name
"6 gas
purifying compound.'
"
We will explain what we mean by the residue of."spent oxide."
When preparations of oxide of iron or copperas, or the material known.

page_text: as "dry copperas," or our "gas purifying compound," are used for the
purification of gas, and can be no longer used, the materials are called
spent oxide."
*
The "spent oxide" is deprived of its sulphate of ammonia and
sulphur in the ordinary way, and the residue that remains is what we
use. The residue from "spent oxide" may be mixed with the herein-
before named sieved or ground iron ores or residue of burnt pyrites, or
residue from calcined alum shale after being used in the manufacture of
alum. About the same quantity of the mixed materials may be used.
as of the herein-before named materials when used separate.
σε
The said gas purifying compound" can be used in the ordinary dry
lime purifiers.
When the compound ceases to purify the gas it is emptied out of the
purifier and spread upon the floor and allowed to cool and revivify.
Previous to the compound being used over again it is found advan-
tageous to moisten it each time with any of the herein-before named
liquids or solutions, or it may be moistened with water. It should be so
moistened as to adhere together when pressed in the hand without
wetting it.
When the liquids from the beds of iron pyrites is used to moisten the
material it may be previously further neutralized with wrought iron
turnings, waste iron wire, or other scrap iron.
The proportions of the herein-before named ingredients may be
modified as required.
When the " gas purifying compound" becomes too dry for use we
moisten it before it is used either with the said liquids or solutions or
with water in the manner herein-before stated. :
By following the above instructions the " compound" can be used
over and over again, and without any injury to the purifiers.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and described
how the same may be performed, what we do claim and desire to be
secured to us by Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination of the various ingredients, with modifications
of the same, forming the "compound" for purifying illuminating coal
gas, substantially as herein set forth,

page_text: Second. The means or mode of preparing the "compound," sub-
stantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Hallsworth and Richard
Bailes, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day
of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.
SAMUEL HALLSWORTH. (L.S.)
RICHARD BAILES.
(L.S.)