Improvements connected with Typewriters.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with Typewriters.
A communication from abroad by THE TYPEWRITER ATTACHMENTS COMPANY
(Incorporated), of 106, Fulton Street, in the City, County, and State of New
York, United States of America.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention is embodied in attachments to typewriting machines whereby the
printed characters are made visible to the operator as soon as they have been
produced or printed upon the paper or other receiving substance, and whereby the
position of the impression receiving device in relation to the printing device is
shown to the operator in connection with the image of the printed characters, and
these advantageous features are attained at all times during the operation of the
machine, and the operator may inspect the work as fast as the letters are formed
and without stopping and turning up the carriage for this purpose or relying upon
memory as to the location on the impression receiving surface of any particular
point or character.
The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of this invention.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the upper portion of a typewriting machine with a
portion of the impression roller and carriage broken away to more clearly show a
refracting prism and indicator or pointer embodying this invention. Figure 2 is
a transverse vertical section of the same.
Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of the upper part of a typewriting
machine showing another construction of the indicator.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the same showing portions of the carriage and frame-
work broken away.
Figure 5 is a detached underneath plan view of the prism and pointer attachment
shown in Figure 1.
Figure is a diagrammatical vertical elevation showing a prism, the impression
surface, and a portion of the position indicator shown in Figures 3 and 4, and
indicating by dotted lines the refraction and reflection of the rays of light.
The typewriting machine or typewriter partly shown in the drawings is of the
well known Remington pattern, and the attachments embodying this invention are
shown in the drawings as adapted for such a machine. It is of course evident
that in attaching them to machines of other patterns the construction of minor
details may be altered. The upper plate a of the typewriter is provided with a
rail at the front of the machine which supports the roller 61 of the moving carriage b,
and this carriage is supported at the rear of the machine by rollers bearing on the
rod a', which rod a¹ is pivoted in lugs extending upward from the upper plate a.
The impression roller c and guide roller c¹ and tape pulley rod d are carried by the
movable carriage b. A paper guard e is shown attached to the shaft or rod d and
to this rod d are also attached the lugs f, f, which clasp the shifting bar 9. Two
type arms h are shown in Figure 2 and each type arm is provided with two types,
the front type i being usually a small letter and the rear type ia capital. The
operation of the shifting bar is to move the carriage so that either one or the other
of the two types on any arm will come in contact with an inking ribbon or with
the paper so as to produce an impression upon the paper. This is the usual
operation in the Remington and other typewriters, but is utilized in connection
C

page_text: with the prism embodying this invention to exhibit to the operator either the line
that is in position to be printed or the line previously printed at the will of the
operator as will be hereinafter explained.
Of the several parts of a typewriter above described the only one that requires
the slightest alteration from the usual construction in order to adapt it for use in
connection with the attachments embodying this invention, is the paper guard e
which in the construction shown does not extend as close to the impression roller
as usual. Except in this particular, the parts above described are all of the
ordinary construction and operate in the ordinary and well-known manner, and
their construction and operation are well understood by those skilled in the art.
The means for exhibiting the printed characters to the operator consist of a
refracting prism of glass or other suitable transparent material. This prism j is
shown as provided with two flat sides and one convex side, and the two flat sides
are at such an angle to each other as to refract and reflect the light from the line
of impression, and the convex side operates to invert the image so that it will be
presented right side up to the image and may also be adjusted or shaped so as to
present an enlarged image to the eye of the operator. In some cases it may not
be necessary to re-invert the image, in which case all the surfaces or sides of the
prism may be made flat. Figure 6 illustrates the directions in which the rays of
light are refracted and reflected and as will be seen from this diagram the image as
presented to the eye of the operator will be in upright position and will be visible
to the operator as he sits in his usual position in front of the machine.
by
The prism is shown as held by a supporting frame j', and this frame j¹ is
provided with arms at each end and these arms have an adjustable connection with
the clamping blocks which are clamped to the front bar of the carriage
means of clamping screws k¹. The adjustable connection between the arms of the
frame and the clamping blocks is shown as obtained by slotting the ends of
the arms and clamping these ends to the blocks by means of screws passing
through said slots in the arms. This adjustable connection permits the position of
the prism to be delicately and accurately adjusted in relation to the impression line
of the typewriter. It will be noted that the impression roller is mounted upon
that portion of the carriage which is moved backward and forward by the shifting
rod g, while the prism is clamped upon that portion of the carriage which is
immovable in a backward or forward direction.
As a consequence of this
construction the operation of the shifting rod in moving the impression roller
backward brings one or more previously printed lines in position to be exhibited
by the prism to the operator and thus it is possible for the operator to read
previously printed lines while holding the shifting key down, as well as to read the
line then in position for impression when the shifting key is not depressed. All
other lines may be readily deciphered without lifting the carriage, or without
lifting it to any great extent.
The means for indicating the printing point or the position of the impression
receiving device in relation to the printing device consists of one or more pointers
or an indicator of any suitable form so arranged that it will appear to the eye of
the operator in proximity to the image of the printed characters. This indicator
has no movement laterally in relation to the printing point of the typewriter, and
will therefore show to the operator the position of the impression receiving surface
in relation to the printing point or printing device.
In
The position indicator in the construction shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6 consists of
a pointer arranged in front of the prism j and projecting from the frame of the
typewriter and extending in proximity to said prism. In the usual operation of the
machine and with the usual adjustment this pointer is arranged so as to point
toward the place where a character would be impressed if a key were struck.
the ordinary Remington typewriter there is an annular space between the recess in
the upper plate a and the pivot blocks or hangers a² for the type bars, and this
space is utilized according to this invention by fitting therein an arc shaped plate m
which is attached to or forms part of the pointer 1, and this arc shaped plate is so

page_text: shaped that it may be sprung into this annular recess and will be tightly held
therein.
It is of course evident that other means may be employed for attaching this.
pointer to the frame of the machine and the pointer may be otherwise arranged to-
indicate the printing point. In the construction shown in Figures 3, 4, and 6 the
indicator consists of a bifurcated or forked pointer which is arranged back or in the
rear of the prism and in such position that its ends will be exhibited to the operator-
as a part of the image reflected or refracted to the eye of the operator. This.
bifurcated pointer is shown as clamped by a screw to the upper plate a of the
typewriter, said screw extending through a slot in the end of said pointer which,
permits a longitudinal adjustment of the pointer.
From the above description it will be evident that in the use of a typewriter
having these improvements attached thereto or embodied therein, the operator is.
informed as to every character impressed upon the paper or other receiving
substance at the instant when it is formed or impressed thereon as well as all the
preceding characters on that line, and by manipulating the shifting key is enabled
to see one or more preceding lines, and is informed as to the position of the-
impression surface in relation to the printing point, and thus the operator is enabled
without lifting the carriage or depending upon his memory to quickly and accurately-
do all kinds of work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by.
my foreign correspondents I declare that what I claim is
1. The combination with a typewriter of a refracting prism arranged with:
relation to the impression receiving device so that the printed characters are
refracted and presented to the eye of the operator, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination with a typewriter of a refracting prism having a convex side.
arranged so as to refract the printed characters and present the same to the eye of
the operator in upright position and enlarged, substantially as set forth.
3. A refracting prism in combination with means for attaching the same to a.
typewriter in such position that the prism will refract the printed characters and
present the same to the eye of the operator, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with a typewriter of a prism arranged to refract the printed
characters and present the same to the eye of the operator, and an indicating device.
so arranged that it will appear to the eye of the operator in proximity to the printed
characters and will indicate the printing point, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with a typewriter of a refracting prism and means for
indicating the position of the impression receiving device in relation to the printing
device, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with a typewriter of a prism arranged to refract the printed
characters and to present the same to the eye of the operator and a pointer for
indicating the printing point to the operator, substantially as set forth.
7. A refracting prism adapted to be attached to a typewriter so as to refract the
printed characters and present the same to the eye of the operator, in combination
with an indicator adapted to be attached to the typewriter so as to indicate the
printing point to the operator in connection with the refracted image of the printed
characters, substantially as set forth.
°
8. The combination of a typewriter carriage and a refracting prism supported.
thereon in position to present the printed characters to the eye of the operator, and
an indicator projecting from the frame of the typewriter so that it will appear to
the eye of the operator in proximity to the printed characters, substantially as set.
forth.
9. The combination of a typewriter carriage and a refracting prism supported
thereon in position to present the printed characters to the eye of the operator, and
a pointer projecting from the frame of the typewriter and extending in proximity-
to said prism and in front of the same, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 10. The combination of a typewriter carriage and an impression receiving device
fitted to move backward and forward thereon, and a refracting prism supported
upon said carriage and immovable in said directions, and means for actuating the
impression receiving device, whereby one or more previously printed lines may be
exhibited to the operator, substantially as set forth.
11. The combination with a typewriter carriage of the refracting prism j, the
frame j¹, and the clamping blocks & adjustably connected to said frame and clamped
to the carriage, substantially as set forth.
12. The combination with the printing device and the impression receiving
device of a typewriter, of a refracting prism arranged to exhibit the printed
characters to the eye of the operator and the pointer 1, and arc shaped plate m,
substantially as set forth.
13. The combination with means for exhibiting the printed characters to the eye
of the operator, of an indicating device so arranged that it will appear to the eye of
the operator in proximity to the printed characters and will indicate the printing
point and the printing and impression receiving devices of a typewriter substantially
as set forth.
Dated the 28th day of Mo 1801
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.