IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 11 PROALATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT, to Thomas Coates of the City of Carlisle in the County of
Cumberland and Noel Chandler of Hednesford in the County of Stafford for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
11
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Coates and Noel
Chandler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September
1882.
THOMAS COATES of the City of Carlisle in the County of Cumberland and
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
NOEL CHANDLER of Hednesford in the County of Stafford
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS HAVING SIDE AND BOTTOM
SEAMS
"
This Invention relates to a combination and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for making and pasting paper bags with side and bottom seams from
sheets of paper which after being cut in the usual way are placed by hand upon a
feeding table whence it is forced through a slot into the lute of suitable rollers or
other guides folded and conducted by tapes or other suitable conductors round
another roller having at one end a wheel which revolves in a receptacle for paste
or other adhesive compound and against which the projecting flap or edge of the
partly formed bag comes in contact on its journey round the roller receiving its
first line of paste which afterwards makes the bottom of the bag secure the partly
made bag still remaining between the tapes or conductors (which are continually
running in the same direction while the machine is in motion) is carried forward
until it reaches a suitably formed bar or stop which is made adjustable for different
size bags and through which the tapes or conductors pass and which brings the
partly formed bag to rest on a pair of circumferentially and diagonally recessed
rollers (whose axes are at right angles to the roller on which the before mentioned
paste wheel is secured) in such a position as to be thrust into the lute thereof by
the descending of a thin metal plate recessed and toothed similar to a saw, and
shaped in such a manner as to correspond with the recessed rollers, the teeth of the

page_text: plate entering the recesses in the rollers this plate which we shall hereinafter terin
a "plunger" does not come in direct contact with the recessed rollers but serves
to make the pasted seams to adhere without squeezing out the paste. These
recessed rollers and toothed plunger are also applicable to other bag making
machines
The recessed rollers also have suitable grooves turned in them to receive scrapers
or guides which prevent the paper from adhering to the rollers as they revolve
and which conduct the paper on partly formed bag in the desired direction and
into and between another pair of plain rollers, the upper one of which at one end
has a paste wheel which revolves in a paste box and round which tapes or
conductors run to carry the partially formed bag into position and against another
bar or stop (similar to the last described) with its edge on another pair of recessed
rollers similar to the before mentioned. At this moment the recessed plunger
depresses the pasted edge between the rollers and the bag is taken through and
completed, this last operation secures the side of the bag, it is then conducted by
tapes or strings into a suitable dryer or heater and passes backwards and forwards
round suitable pressing rollers until the bag has been sufficiently pressed and
dried when it is delivered at the other end of the dryer or heater onto a table
when it is ready for use, or for packing into parcels. This dryer in appearance
resembles a counter or table, with its sides and ends enclosed by metal plates, the
conductors and rollers and other mechanisms being entirely enclosed within and by
the plates the dryer or heater may be heated by gas or steam.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Coates and Noël Chandler in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd March 1883.
THOMAS COATES of the City of Carlisle in the County of Cumberland and
NOËL CHANDLER of Hednesford in the County of Stafford " IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS HAVING SIDE AND BOTTOM
SEAMS
"
This Invention relates to a combination and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for making and pasting paper bags with side and bottom seams from
sheets of paper which after being cut in the usual way are placed by hand upon
a feeding table whence they are forced through a slot into the bite of suitable
rollers or other guides folded and conducted by tapes or other suitable conductors
round another roller having at one end a wheel which revolves in a receptacle for
paste or other adhesive compound and against which the projecting flap or edge
which is to close the bottom of the partly formed bag comes in contact, on its
journey round the rollers, receiving its first line of paste which afterwards makes
the bottom of the bag secure, the partly made bag still remaining between the
tapes or conductors (which are continually running in the same direction while the
machine is in motion) is carried forward until it reaches a suitably formed bar or
stop, which is made adjustable for different sized bags, and through which the tapes
or conductors pass, and which brings the pasted edge of the partly formed bag to
rest over or on a pair of circumferentially and diagonally recessed rollers (whose
axes are at right angles to the roller on which the before mentioned paste wheel is
secured) in such a position as to be thrust into the bite thereof by the descending
of a thin metal plate recessed and toothed similar to a saw and shaped in such a
manner as to correspond with the recessed rollers, the teeth of the plate entering
the recesses in the rollers; this plate which we shall hereinafter term a "plunger
does not come in direct contact with the recessed rollers but serves to make the
pasted seams to adhere without squeezing out the paste.
"
These recessed rollers and toothed plunger are also applicable to other bag
making machines.
The recessed rollers also have suitable grooves turned in them to receive scrapers
or guides which prevent the paper from adhering to the rollers as they revolve
and which conduct the paper or partly formed bag in the desired direction and
into and between another pair of plain rollers, the upper one of which at one end
has a paste wheel which revolves in a paste box and round which tapes or
conductors run to carry the partly-formed bag into position and against another
bar or stop (similar to the last described) bringing the remaining edge of the bag
to be folded on another pair of recessed rollers similar to the before mentioned.
At this moment the recessed plunger depresses the pasted edge between the rollers
and the bag is taken through and completed. This last operation secures the side o
the bag, when it may be conducted by tapes or strings into a suitable dryer or
heater passes backwards and forwards round suitable pressing rollers until the
bag has been sufficiently pressed and dried after which it is delivered at the other
end of the dryer or heater onto a table when it is ready for use or for packing into
parcels. This dryer in appearance resembles a counter or table with its sides and
enda enclosed by metal plates, the conductors and rollers and other mechanism
being entirely enclosed within and by the plates, the dryer or heater may be heated
either by gas or steam.
We will now proceed to describe our invention with reference to the

page_text: accompanying drawings in which the same letters of reference refer to like parts
in all the Figures
Figure 1 shews an end elevation, Figure 2 front elevation and Figure 3 a plan
(with the feeding table in position) of our improved machinery or mechanism for
the complete manufacture of paper bags commonly known as plain" or
"Flat
bottomed" having side and bottom seams.
"
Figure 6 is an elevation of a portion of one of the recessed rollers drawn on a
larger scale than the previous Figures hereafter fully described Figure 7 is a cross
section of same on line A. A of Figure 6 and Figure 8 is a perspective view of a
portion of the roller F1 and metal guides or scrapers N
Figure 4 shows a plan of a sheet of paper before being passed into the machine;
this piece of paper is to be first creased and folded on the dotted line ab the
side a will thus be brought in contact with the side b¹ the projecting flap or edge d
is to be pasted and turned or folded onto the outer side of a¹ to form the bottom
of the bag, the projecting flap e is then pasted and also turned or folded over
the side a to form the side of the bag after which it is pressed and delivered in a
finished form as shewn at Figure 5.
The machine for making bags according to our invention as will be more fully
hereafter described obtains its motion by the following arrangement of mechanism,
O is the frame work of the machine onto which the various moving parts are
connected K2 is the main driving shaft to which motion is communicated in any
convenient manner, for example by a driving pulley K³ onto this shaft is keyed
the wheel M which by means of the band L2 drives the pulleys a¹ and a² the
wheel a¹ being fixed to the roller A² to which the roller A2x is connected by gear
wheels a³ and a³, the pressure between the rollers A2 and A³× (necessary for
creasing the paper as it passes through them) being regulated by suitable sliding
bearings and springs as as shewn. The bands D₁ and D¹× between which the
folded paper is carried pass through slots in the plate or stop E2 attached to the
frame work of the machine.
The plunger C which drives the paper between these first pair of folding rollers
is attached to the levers C2 C2 on the shaft G₁ receiving its motion through the
lever C¹ actuated by the cam D on the driving shaft K³, the end of the lever C¹
being kept to the face of the cam D by spring C³.
The shaft G¹ also by a lever G gives motion to the plunger F2 mounted on a
shaft by levers f³ ³ which are by the moving of the shaft G₁ depressed by the
end of the lever G fixed thereto the plunger F2 being brought to its normal
position by the spiral spring fo.
•
The rollers F F¹ J2 and J* are suitably geared together and receive motion by
means of bevel wheels from the shaft carrying the pulley a² driven from the driving
wheel M. The plunger J attached to the lever L receives its motion from the
cam L' mounted on the main driving shaft K².
The folding rollers H' and H2 are driven from the shaft K³ by a band M¹ from
the band wheel M² giving motion to the shaft M³ to which the rollers H¹ and H*
are geared by pinions m² m² and m³ the bags pass away between the bands K
which drive the pressing rollers K' K¹. The pressure between the various pairs of
folding and pressing rollers is adjusted by suitable sliding bearings and springs
similar to that shewn at a³
The metal shields or thin slotted plates above the rollers F F and H¹ H² are
conveniently secured to the frame work O.
A is the feeding table of machine where the sheet of paper shewn at Figure 4 is
placed in position against adjustable gauges B, B₁, a thin metal plunger C (actuated
by levers C and C2 which receive motion from the revolving cam D) then descends
and plunges the sheet of paper through the slot A' into the bite of a pair of
rollers A2, A2 this first operation folds the sheet of paper nearly in the middle as
shown by the dotted line a, b, Figure 4. Round the pair of rollers A², A²+, pass
endless tapes or conducting bands D' and D₁+ which have motion imparted to them
by the rollers A³, and A2+ round which they pass, these tapes convey the folded

page_text: sheet round another roller D³, which carries at one end a narrow wheel E. Figure 2,
this wheel E revolves in a slot in the bottom of a paste box. E¹ which contains
paste or other adhesive material the periphery of the wheel E is not in contact
with the bottom of the box therefore a thin deposit of paste adheres to the wheel E
and as the folded sheet passes round it and the roller D° it receives a line of paste
on one projecting flap or edge as at d, (Figure 4) The tapes D' between which the
folded and pasted sheet is now conducted have a constant motion, but the folded
sheet is brought to rest as soon as it reaches the stop E2, (Figure 1) which has
small slots cut therein through which the tapes D¹, travel, the folded sheet is
brought to rest with its pasted edge d, (Figure 4) which will afterwards form the
bottom of the bag overhanging the middle of another pair of rollers F and F¹. The
edge & Figure 4 of the partly formed bag while passing along the top of these
rollers being supported by a metal shield or a thin slotted plate N¹. Figure 3
through the slot in this plate N¹ the bag is carried (by the depression of the
plunger F2) between the folding rollers F F¹
This folding mechanism (the construction of which effectually prevents the paste
or other adhesive from being squeezed out on to the outside face of the bag) is
composed of a pair of rollers F F and folding blade or plunger F2. One of the
pair of folding rollers F¹ is a smooth cylinder and the other a ridged cylinder F
shewn in detail at Figures 6 and 7 these ridges or collars F2+ fixed or formed on
the cylinder F are arranged round the circumference at any desired distance apart
and may be of less width than the spaces F³ between them. The folding blade or
plunger F2. Figure 1 is formed with comb shaped teeth of a gauge to correspond
with the spaces F³ between the collars or ridges F**. This blade is caused to
descend so that the lower edge of the teeth shall reach below the axial line of the
rollers F and F¹ and thus enable the blade to hold the paper down until the rollers
have obtained a secure bite thereon without the blade being itself gripped by the
rollers, preventing the posibility of the bag adhering to the plunger F2 when
it rises.
Thus the pressure applied to the folded and pasted part of the bag will be
alternately in spots or spaces across the pasted edge or folded part
In order to avoid the tendency of the paste being driven in a wave beyond the
fold on to the outside face of the bag by the action of the pressing part of the
rollers we cut gaps F in the ridges or collars F2+ either parallel with the axis of
the cylinder or at an angle thereto but preferably of a helical form so that the
pasted part of the paper in passing between the rollers will be pressed in portions
only, and the paste be (if at all) squeezed out laterally into the unpressed portions
only of the fold and not as heretofore on to the face of the bag. The plunger F2
(Figure 1) is caused to descend in the manner described by the action and motion
of cam D and levers C¹ and G both of which are secured on the same shaft G¹
thus as is shown at Figures 1 and 3 the same cams and levers which perform the
first folding of the bag impart motion through the medium of shaft G₁ to the
plunger F and also perform the second folding of the bag. The plain roller F¹ is
formed with circunferential grooves or channels Fix into which the points of
suitable metal guides or scrapers N project best seen at Figure 8 which guide or
conduct the partly formed bag passing from the underside of the rollers F F¹
thereby completing the second fold into the bite of another pair of rollers J* and J*
Figures 1 and 2 round which rollers the tapes G³ run the bag being carried
between these tapes until it reaches the stop or bar H through which the tapes G²
travel. While passing through the pair of rollers J J the partly formed bag
receives the second line of paste namely on the projecting flap e. Figure 4 which
when pasted and folded over is to form the side seam: this takes place as it
passes under the narrow paste wheel J, Figure 3 which is secured on the spindle
of the roller J³, this paste wheel revolves in a paste box J³ similar in construction
and action to that previously described The pasted flap e, is supported in passing
along the top of the said rollers by metal shields N2 as before described until in
position with its pasted edge overhanging the middle of another pair of folding

page_text: rollers H1, H2 (the roller H¹ being similar to that described with reference to F
Figures 6 and 7 into the bite of which the bag is now thrust by the plunger J
this third folding operation being in short a repetition of the second but performed
by another set of apparatus or mechanism as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
After the finished bag has passed through or between the rollers H¹ and H² it is
carried by narrow tapes or cords K driven by the revolving of the rollers H¹
and H² to a suitable pair of pressing rollers K¹ and thence to a slide receiving box
or into a drying chest as before described.
There are three bags in the course of manufacture by the machine at one time.
The mechanism communicating motion to the levers and various parts may be
considerably varied in construction without departing from the invention.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed we declare that We claim as our improvements in machinery
for the manufacture of paper bags having side and bottom seams.
Firstly-The use of sets or pairs of rollers in order that the part of the paper
which afterwards forms or closes the bottom of the bag shall be pasted and folded
after the sheet of paper is folded in half or nearly so by the first pair of rollers,
and so that the projecting part of the paper which forms or closes the side of the
bag shall be pasted and folded after it has travelled in a direction at right angles
to its width and after the bottom part of the bag has been pasted and folded all
substantially as herein before described and illustrated with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Secondly The paste wheels as used in connection with this class of bags made
from sheets and which wheels revolve in suitable boxes and paste the edges of the
bag as it travels, these paste wheels being at right angles to one another all
substantially as set forth.
Thirdly-The metal plungers or plates which depress the paper into the bite of
the folding rollers and which are shaped like a flat toothed saw having comb
shaped teeth as shewn which correspond with suitable recesses or circumferential
grooves in the folding rollers before described and which place the bag in the bite
of the rollers, these said plungers and recessed rollers being applicable for folding
paper in the manufacture of bags of any kind and both adaptable for use on many
classes of machines all substantially as set forth.
Fourthly: The rollers with diagonal cavities which receiving the bag with a firm
bite at the same time prevent the squeezing out of the paste or other adhesive
from the folds or seams while passing through the said rollers substantially as
set forth.
Fifthly The metal bars or stops through which the tapes pass and which arrest
the progress of the partly formed bag when it has travelled a sufficient distance in
the desired direction all substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Sixthly The metal scrapers or guides which act in conjunction with the grooves
formed in the roller F¹ Figure 8 preventing the paper adhering thereto and at the
same time guide or cause the partly formed bag to travel in the desired direction
all substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof we the said Thomas Coates and Noel Chandler have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Twentysixth day of February in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three