IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George England, of Hatcham Iron Works, New
Cross, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George England at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1861.
.
I, GEORGE ENGLAND, of Hatcham Iron Works, New Cross, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for planing curved surfaces in iron or other metals or
hard substances, which arrangement may be easily adapted to ordinary planing
machines. According to this Invention it is proposed to secure the planing
tool to an arm or holder which is suspended from a stud centre at its upper
end, and is consequently capable of being moved or adjusted laterally thereon,
so that the tool will describe the arc of a circle the radius of which depends
on the length of the arm, whilst facility is. at the same time afforded for
adjusting the height of the working centre, by means of a screw spindle, for

page_text: the purpose of regulating the depth of cut. The length of the arm, from the
working centre to the point of the tool, corresponds to the radius of the concave
curved surface to be cut, which length may be increased or shortened according
to the radius of the curve required. The lateral adjustment of the tool for
each succeeding cut is effected by a horizontal screw spindle, whilst the height
of the cross slide, which carries the working or stud centre of the cutter arm,
is regulated by vertical screws in each standard. By slight modifications
convex curved surfaces may be planed by this apparatus. The metal to be
operated upon may be curved on the ordinary planing machine bed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George England in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ENGLAND, of Hatcham Iron Works, New Cross, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George England, Her special license that I, the said George England,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
England, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING
MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
England, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George England, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for planing curved surfaces in iron or other metals or hard sub-
stances, which arrangement may be easily adapted to ordinary planing
machines. According to this Invention it is proposed to secure the planing
tool to an arm or holder which is suspended from a stud centre at its upper
end, and is consequently capable of being moved or adjusted laterally thereon,
so that the tool will describe the arc of a circle the radius of which depends
on the length of the area, whilst facility is at the same time afforded for
adjusting the height of the working centre, by means of a screw spindle, for
the purpose of regulating the depth of cut. The length of the arm from the
working centre to the point of the tool corresponds to the radius of the concave
curved surface to be cut, which length may be increased or shortened according
to the radius of the curve required. The actual adjustment of the tool for
each succeeding cut is effected by a horizontal screw spindle, whilst the height
of the cross slide, which carries the working or stud centre of the cutter arm,
is regulated by vertical screws in each standard. The metal to be operated
upon may be carried on the ordinary planing machine bed.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood. I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a front elevation of a portion of planing
machine, with my present improvements attached, for planing concave surfaces;
and Figure 2 is a corresponding side elevation of the same.
A is the cutter, which is properly secured in its tool box B, such box or
holder being attached to the lower end of an arm C, which is free to move
laterally upon a stud centre D in the fixed cross bar E. This centre D is
capable of vertical adjustment for the purpose of regulating the depth of cut
by the screw spindle F and hand wheel G, whilst the lateral adjustment of the
arm C, after each cut, is effected by the horizontal screw spindle H in the
cross slide I, such spindle working through a nut in the back of the traversing
plate K. A stud or pin L (shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1) on the front
of the plate K, takes into a slot a, a, made in the arm C, and consequently, as
the plate is traversed laterally, the arm C will move with it and describe the
arc of a circle the centre of which is at D. The slot a, a, allows of the free
vertical adjustment of the arm and cutter of the screw F and enables the
pin L to work freely therein during the actual adjustment of the plate K and

page_text: arm C. It is proposed to have in connection with each machine a set or series
of arms C of different lengths, so as to plane concave surfaces 6 of different
radii.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of mechanism
for planing concave curved surfaces, as herein-before described.
2nd, the application and use to and in planing machines of an adjustable
arm working on a centre at one end and carrying the cutting tool at the
opposite end, for the purpose of planing concave curved surfaces, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George England, have hereunto set my 1
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEORGE ENGLAND.
(L.S.)