Improvements in and relating to Closets, Urinals, or like Sanitary Arrangements.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 14th Jan., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Closets, Urinals, or like Sanitary
Arrangements.
I, CLARA HEDWIG MARTINI, of 83, Bayerischestrasse, Leipzic, Kingdom of
Saxony, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object an improved construction of closets or urinals,
or urinals alone, in which the liquid and solid excrement are trapped in such a
manner that they can be discharged without the usual water flushing. The
invention consists generally in arranging a conduit or pipe with a movable syphon,
or horse shoe, bent at its termination so that the said syphon in its topmost position
traps the excrement until it reaches the level of the bend while the lowering of
this movable syphon will cause the discharge as it falls below the level of the
trapped sewage. The discharge of the syphon effected by lowering it is such that
the heavy sewage stored at the bottom end flows away without syphoning effect but
when the syphon is in the topmost position again any liquid fluid will always
without interruption syphon over providing it reaches the proper level. It can
therefore be seen that any solid matter is bound to be carried over by lowering
the movable syphon a sufficient distance underneath the level of the pipe or
conduit in which the whole sewage is trapped.
The accompanying sheet of drawings illustrate several modes of carrying the
invention into effect.
Figure 1 is an elevation and plan illustrating the movable syphon applied to
water closets and urinals and where the said syphon is lowered by hand.
Figure 2 illustrates a similar construction to Figure 1 but where the syphon
is lowered automatically by the filling up of a vessel attached to it.
Figure 3 is a similar elevation to Figure 2 showing the syphon in its bottom
position.
Figures 4 and 5 show another arrangement of automatic control of the position
of the syphon in which the trapped sewage acts upon a float within a cylinder.
These two views illustrate different positions of the syphon and float.
The general construction of these modifications is as follows:-A conduit or
pipe 6 is arranged into which all the closets or urinals, such as a and p, discharge
respectively by means of their waste pipes h h¹. Between these waste pipes h.h¹
and the conduit b it is preferred to insert collecting vessels or reservoirs such as i,
the object being to increase the amount of sewage trapped or dammed up by the
movable syphon. The discharge pipe d is fixed and between it and the end of
the conduit 6 the movable syphon c is placed, its limbs being connected respec-
tively to the conduits band d. This movable joint can be made in various ways
such as by constructing the joint itself of pliable material, as rubber, leather or
the like, or by arranging a mechanically constructed metal joint with a swivelling
barrel or spherical end. The syphon c could also, if need be, be made throughout
of pliable or elastic material. To keep the syphon normally in its topmost

page_text: position a chain e is attached at the bend and passes round overhead pulleys f,
being finally attached to a balance weight g, as clearly shown in the drawings.
This balance weight g is of such dimensions that even when the syphon is filled
with the heavy portion of the sewage it will be normally raised to the topmost
position by the said weight. It is evident that instead of a weight with chain and
pulleys a spring or lever could be employed to produce the same effect.
Attached to the top bend of the syphone is a flexible tube, such as o, and this
tube at the end away from the syphon dips into chambers or reservoirs k or i and
projects downwards into these reservoirs such a distance that when the syphon
is in action after the liquid has fallen below this end of the tube air passes into the
syphon and destroys its action..
יך
The general method of operation of these devices but with reference more
particularly to Figure 1 is as follows:-When the syphon is in its topmost
position and the urinals or closets are in use the conduit b and the chambers i
are trapped and gradually fill up until the level of the sewage in the reservoirs
is about the same height as the topmost portion of the syphon. When it is
desired to clear the trapped up pipes and chambers the cord or chain e is pulled
and the syphon lowered. As the syphon will then be considerably below the
level of the trapped sewage it is evident that this sewage will start to flow off.
As soon as this discharge takes place the weight g is released and its fall again
lifts the syphon c into the topmost position. The syphon being now completely
filled with fluid operates and syphons off the remaining sewage trapped within
the conduit and vessels i until that end of the admission pipe o in the chamber i
is uncovered, air entering into the syphon at the top or bend and interrupting
the discharge. It is, of course, evident that the same effect would be produced
if the syphon was not lowered to the horizontal but only a sufficient distance to
bring the top or bend underneath the level of the trapped sewage in the reservoirs.
The sewage or excrement trapped in the conduit and reservoirs by acting upon
the longer limb of the syphon thus clears out by its own weight all the waste
materials, and further this syphoning action will proceed until air is admitted to
the bend or top thereof by such a device as the flexible tube o, the action then
being interrupted and the weight falling back and keeping the syphon at its
topmost position.
It is evident that the arrangement of operating or moving the syphon by hand
could be automatically performed by the movement of a Hoat displaced by the
sewage trapped or dammed up.
し
At Figures 2 and 3 a modification is shown of a closet and urinal in which a
small vessel m is attached to the syphone and therefore takes part in its motion.
This vessel m is connected by a flexible pipe with the reservoir or chamber k,
this reservoir communicating with the conduit band being trapped along with
the conduit, though the pipe could be connected with a collecting vessel, such
as i, or even the waste pipes h h¹. The pipe opens at one end directly into the
reservoir k. The level of the sewave when trapped will gradually rise until it over-
flows into the pipe running from there down into the small vessel m and there-
fore increasing that vessel in weight. The vessel m is provided with a discharge
pipe n movably connected with the main discharge conduit d so that the connec
tion will remain intact when movement of the syphon c takes place. The syphon c
is connected with the weight 9 running over the pulleys f by a chain e and this
balance weight is of such dimensions that it is just equal to the weight of the
syphon c filled up together with the small box m when empty and the flexible
connecting pipes 7 and m.
As soon as the trapped sewage has risen to the level of the orifice of the pipe
in the chamber all further increase of sewage flows, towards the vessel m and
increases it in weight. By this means the syphon becomes heavier that this
balance weight and the summit or topmost portion of the syphon moves downwards
below the level of the trapped sewage, thus causing the syphon to act. At
the same time this downward movement causes the sewage in the small vessel m

page_text: to be emptied or flow through the pipe n so that the weight of both the syphon
and the vessel is decreased until such point where it is overcome by the balance
weight g, the syphon then, of course, moving upwards into its original position.
As the syphon has started it will operate until it has completely drained the
conduit and the reservoirs or pipes attached thereto and so until the syphoning
action is interrupted by the pipe o.
In Figures 4 and of the drawings a method of automatically lowering the
syphon (to start its action) by means of a float, such as s, is there shown. This
float s is arranged in a cylindrical vessel and connected by means of a chain e¹
with the topmost portion of the syphon and further connected in the manner
shown to a balance weight 9 by the chain e. The weight g is about equal to the
weight of the syphon when one trapped limb is three-fourths full, while the weight
of the float s is as great or somewhat greater than that of the other limb of the
syphon when full and the remaining portion of the trapped in limb of the same.
When the sewage is trapped the float s is of course displaced gradually by it as
the level rises and therefore loosens the chain e¹ removing the tension from the
syphon c. As soon as the sewage in the syphon c has risen nearly to the top of
the bend the weight of the same is so augmented that it falls, lifting the weight g,
and therefore permits the sewage or waste materials to start flowing away. As
the material flows away the chain el again has the floats acting upon it and
therefore the syphon is lifted a corresponding amount to the descent of the float
and with the help of the weight y gradually retains its original topmost position.
During this gradual ascent of the syphon c to the first position the syphoning
operation is taking place and is finally effected, the apparatus being automatically
re-set to receive any further sewage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In closets, urinals or like apparatus, providing, without additional flushing
water, an arrangement of a rotary syphon, such as c, which in the topmost position
traps the sewage within a conduit, such as b, and is then rotarily displaced to a
lower level, so that the trapped sewage starts to discharge by a pipe, such as d,
and the said discharge is continued by the syphon action when the syphon has
been lifted to its first position though it may naturally siphon over without
lowering, the syphon serving the double purpose of trapping the sewage and
discharging it.
2. In closets, urinals or like apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, attaching to
the movable syphon can additional chamber or vessel, such as m, and so con-
necting this chamber by a pipe, such as 1, to reservoirs or pipes, such as k, i, h, h',
that the trapped up mass after reaching a certain level overflows into the vessel m
and moves downwards the syphon c, and further providing this vessel m with an
overflow, such as n, connected to the main overflow so that when the syphon has
reached a lower position the box m is emptied and the syphon c is returned to its
original position by balance weights and suitable connections, such as e, f, g.
3. In closets, urinals or like apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, providing a float,
such as s, within a cylindrical vessel, such as k, communicating with the trapped
conduit and arranging the relative weights of this float s, syphon c and its con-
tents, and a balance weight g, which are all connected together by chains or the
like, e, e', that the sewage displaces the float allowing the syphon to fall and thus
start the syphoning over of the same, while the syphoning over altering the balance
arrangement allows the syphon to rise as the fall of the sewage brings the weight
of the floats into action.
4. In closets, urinals or like apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, providing a
flexible air pipe, such as o, opening into the bend of the syphon c at one end
and into the collecting vessels or reservoirs, such as i, k, h, h¹, at the other end and

page_text: at a certain depth therein so that after the trapped sewage has sunk down a certain
distance when the syphoning is taking place air may enter and destroy this syphon
action as required.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.