matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS USED FOR UPHOLSTERY, TRUNKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Herbert, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS
USED FOR UPHOLSTERY, TRUNKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Herbert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1880.
GEORGE WILLIAM HERBERT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS USED FOR UPHOLSTERY, TRUNKS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in forming a shoulder upon the shank, revet, or spike to
receive the plain or ornamental head of the nail, such shoulder being so placed as
to allow of the shank or revet projecting above the head. The nail being then
placed in a press this projecting portion is closed down upon the head, and secures
it from becoming loose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George William Herbert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
October 1880.
GEORGE WILLIAM HERBERT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS USED FOR UPHOLSTERY, TRUNKS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in constructing nails used for upholstery, trunks, and
other similar purposes, by forming a shoulder or flange upon the shank, rivet, or
spike intended to receive the plain or ornamental head of the nail, the shoulder or
flange being so situated as to allow of the shank or rivet projecting above the
head.
The head and shank in this position being then placed in a press this projecting
portion is closed down so as to form a rivet head, and the plain or ornamental head
of the nail is securely held, and will not readily become loose.
Referring to the Drawings.-Figure 1 is a shank, rivet, or spike with the
shoulder or flange (a); Figure 2 is a view of a stamped head or top pierced with a
hole (b), through which the upper portion (c) of the shank, rivet, or spike protrudes,
as shewn in Figure 3; Figure 4 represents a finished nail with the protruding
portion (c) pressed down into the form of a rivet head upon the head of the nail
holding the nail head between it and the shoulder or flange.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, I claim, without limiting myself to
these precise details, the improvements in nails used for upholstery, trunks, and
other similar purposes,1by securing the head thereof in manuer substantially
herein set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Herbert, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION OF GAS IN ITS PASSAGE TO THE BURNERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Barlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1880.
HENRY BARLOW, of New York, in the United States of America, and now
temporarily of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION
OF GAS IN ITS PASSAGE TO THE BURNERS."
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus for regulating the pressure and
economizing the flow and consumption of gas passing to the burners.
My improved apparatus consists of two sockets, chambers, or receptacles, which
are screwed together as hereinafter described, the inlet end of the lower socket,
chamber, or receptacle being attached to the outlet pipe of the meter, and the
outlet end of the upper socket, chamber, or receptacle being attached to the service-
pipe. The upper portion of the lower socket or chamber is provided with a neck
which forms a seat for the valve hereinafter referred to, and the lower portion of
this neck carries a screw threaded flange or collar which engages in the lower
socket or chamber which is tapped to receive it, and by means of which the two
sockets, chambers, or receptacles are screwed together, and over this neck I place a
conical metal cap or valve, which works up and down in the upper socket or
chamber. The lower portion of the lower socket or chamber is provided with a
hollow screw-plug, which forms a seat for another conical metal cap or valve, thus
this lower socket or chamber carries the two caps or valves and their seats.
Projections in both the sockets or chambers guide the conical metal caps or valves
in their rise and fall, and against these projections the said caps or valves are
forced when all the burners are opened.
.
Orifices provided in the seats of the conical caps or valves permit the return to
the meter of any solid matters which might find their way into the apparatus.
The gas after leaving the meter enters the apparatus at its inlet end and passes
into and around the valves, thus causing them. to ascend or descend according as the
burners are increased or decreased in number, and thereby regulates the flow of
gas in such a manner as to prevent heavy pressure upon the burners. By these
n •

page_text: means the burners are not supplied with any more gas than they can consume,
consequently a steady and more brilliant light is obtained, and a great economy in
the consumption of gas is the result..
This apparatus is composed entirely of metal, and being of simple construction,
it is not liable to get out of order, as do the majority of gas regulating apparatus
at present in use.
A NEW OR IMPROVED KNEELER AND BUCKET STAND FOR THE USE OF DOMESTIC SERVANTS AND OTHERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Northwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
JOSEPH NORTHWOOD, of Wordsley, in the County of Stafford, Glass Ornamentor.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED KNEELER AND BUCKET STAND FOR THE USE OF
DOMESTIC SERVANTS AND OTHERS."
The first part of my Invention relates to the kneeler. This I construct of any
desired material by planing a frame or board of suitable size upon small wheels or
rollers, and on its upper side I provide a padding upon which the person using my
Invention kneels. By preference I fit sides around this frame or board, so that the
front only is open; and on the top of one or more of these sides (when desired) I
attach a tray or trays for holding the soap and brush. The second part of my
Invention relates to the bucket stand; this is a frame of wood or iron having any
desired number of rollers on the under side for the purpose of carrying the bucket
and allowing it to be readily moved in any direction.
Although my Invention may appear simple the advantages are many, inasmuch
as a person using it may scour the whole of a room without rising, so saving much
time; and with much greater ease and comfort, and further than this it effectually
prevents the possibility of the what is commonly known as the housemaid's knee.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND BRICKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1880.
FREDERICK PARKER, of the Town of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge,
Estate Agent and Brick Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
AND BRICKS."
My Invention relates to the utilisation of a calcareous marl containing over 60
per cent. and under 75 per cent. of carbonate of lime, as found in a plastic state in
Cambridge and its vicinity, and consists in the conversion of the same without the
admixture of any other substance into Portland cement, and into unburnt dried
bricks, and has for its object to reduce considerably the cost of manufacture of the
same.
In order to convert the marl into Portland cement the marl is dug from the
strata of the required analysis, and after being dried, is finely ground; the powder
is then made into bricks of a suitable size by a pressing machine under great
pressure; they are afterwards burnt in a kiln to the degree to which it is now
usual to carry the burning of Portland cement, and afterwards ground.
In order to convert the marl into building bricks the marl is dug from the strata,
and after being dried, is finely ground. The powder is then made into bricks
8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 24 inches deep, by a pressing machine under
great pressure; they are then dried, either by natural or artificial heat, and are
ready for use, either for internal walls of buildings, or to line the external walls if
cased with ordinary burnt bricks, with which they are of a suitable size to work
in bond.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING BOTTLES CONTAINING EFFERVESCENT LIQUIDS (SUCH, FOR EXAMPLE, AS CHAMPAGNE) AND ALLOWING THE CONTENTS TO BE DRAWN OFF AS WANTED WITHOUT UNDUE ESCAPE OF THE GAS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rettie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1880.
JAMES RETTIE, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING BOTTLES CONTAINING
EFFERVESCENT LIQUIDS (SUCH, FOR EXAMPLE, AS CHAMPAGNE) AND ALLOWING
THE CONTENTS TO BE DRAWN OFF AS WANTED WITHOUT UNDUE ESCAPE OF THE
GAS."
This Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus for holding bottles
containing effervescent liquids (such, for example, as champagne) and allowing the
contents to be drawn off as wanted without undue escape of the gas.
According to my Invention the bottle after being uncorked is quickly placed in
a swing frame, neck upwards, the bottom of the bottle resting on a seating
adjustable by screw or spring. A plug is then at once forced into the mouth of
the bottle sufficiently tightly to prevent the escape of gas, and is there fixed. The
swing frame with the bottle still fixed therein as described is now turned over,
bringing the bottle neck downwards, the gases of the liquid of course ascending
to the bottom of the bottle. A suitable spring catch holds the bottle and swing
frame in position when in the vertical line. The plug forced into the mouth of the
bottle, as described, I prefer to make of cork, and this has screwed into it or
otherwise attached a cock with a small aperture communicating with the contents
of the bottle, the cock being so formed as to deliver the issuing liquid as desired.
By turning on this cock any part of the contents of the bottle may be drawn off,
and the gas remaining always above the liquid cannot escape, the liquid being
thus kept fresh to the last drop. A valve may be used in place of a cock.
A NEW OR IMPROVED REGISTERING TAP FOR CHECKING THE SALE OF SPIRITS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jan Anthony Muller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1880.
JAN ANTHONY MULLER, of 30, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Amsterdam, Holland, Civil Engineer, "A NEW OR IMPROVED
REGISTERING TAP FOR CHECKING THE SALE OF SPIRITS AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to new or improved construction of apparatus for
checking the sale of spirits and other liquids, by registering and measuring
mechanism as follows:-
A cylinder, piston, and slide is employed, which cylinder is of the capacity, say,
of one quarter of a gill or other unit, according to the purpose to which the apparatus
is to be applied.
The motion is communicated to the piston by means of two excentrics (carried
upon a rod or spindle) and joints, and the motion of the excentric spindle is
shown on two separate dials by ordinary counting mechanism, and ratchet wheel
and catch is provided to ensure that the spindle be only turned in a forward
direction.
A pointer is fixed to the spindle to indicate the quantities drawn, and the
movement of the same spindle is made available through gearing to show on
a separate dial the quantities sold, either in a measure of capacity or in money
value.
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Joseph Bramwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1880.
FREDERICK JOSEPH BRAMWELL, of Great George Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING
THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRES."
My Invention relates to a method and apparatus for purifying the products of
combustion from domestic and other fires by separating from the products matters
suspended in them. For this purpose I connect the chimney or flue of a fire place,
or a number of such chimnies or flues, to a descending channel preferably constructed
of material such as metal, so that the products are readily cooled in their passage
through it. I charge this channel or portions thereof with fragments of coke or
other suitable porous material, arranged so as to permit free passage of the products
of combustion. In the passage of these products through the channel solid matters
suspended in them are intercepted and deposited, and this separation is rendered
much more effectual by moistening the porous material in the channel, as in a
gas scrubber. In applying my Invention to an ordinary chimney, I arrange suitable
valves, so that on first lighting the fire the products of combustion can escape
into the atmosphere, and after the draught is started they can be directed through
the purifying channel. In order to start the current through the channel, a jet may
be applied as in an ejector, which jet if of water will serve to moisten the porous
material in the channel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THE SWITCHES ON RAIL OR TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernard Robinson and Sims Robinson, both of Beeston
near Leeds, in the County of York, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THE SWITCHES ON RAIL OR TRAMWAYS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernard Robinson and Sims
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July
1880.
"E
BERNARD ROBINSON and SIMS ROBINSON, both of Beeston, near Leeds, in the
County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING THE SWITCHES
ON RAIL OR TRAMWAYS."
The object of our improvements is to provide apparatus by which the switches
on rail or tramways can be moved right or left by the driver or other appointed
person whilst on the car or vehicle.
The apparatus consists of a box or framework within which is provided in
suitable bearings a shaft; on it is a lever which is coupled to the switch. There are
also other levers fitted horizontally right and left on the shaft. At the top of the
box or framework two longitudinal. slots are provided and fitted with bars, which
are coupled or connected to the horizontal levers right and left respectively.
These bars can be moved down at pleasure by means of a right and left hand
treadle on the vehicle, and by so doing the switch may be moved right and left as
required, motion being conveyed thereto through the hereinbefore mentioned levers
and shaft.

page_text: may be moved down by treadles constructed as described for Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and
marked with corresponding letters at Figs. 4 and 7.
Although the above arrangement are shewn as applied to tramways, it will be
obvious to all practical persons that the same, with slight modifications, may be
applied to other railways; and also that instead of the treadles, levers and weights,
or their equivalents, may be employed through which to operate the switches.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and described with the
aid of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details or configuration of
the parts we have described and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified
without departing from the nature of our said Invention, but what we claim and
desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent is,―
The arrangement, construction, and combination of the various parts forming the
apparatus whereby the switches on railways and tramways may be moved right
or left by the driver or other appointed person whilst on the car or vehicle,
substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Bernard Robinson and Sims Robinson, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one,
A COMBINED SEAT A communication AND LIFE SAVING APPARATUS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1880. A communication from
abroad by Benjamin King, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JASPER WETTER, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "A COMBINED SEAT
A communication
AND LIFE SAVING APPARATUS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIPS."
from abroad by Benjamin King, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
The Invention has for its object to construct seats on board ships in such a
manner that they can be used to prevent drowning in case of collisions or other
accidents, and consists in making the ends or stands of the seat in the shape of light
rollers, preferably made hollow for containing provisions and water, and having
sufficient buoyancy to keep several persons afloat; the two rollers being connected
by a rod or axle passing through the axis of the rollers, and capable of fixing each
roller between two screw nuts. Also in the construction and mode of supporting
the boards which form the seat, properly speaking, and the back, the latter being
pivoted in the centre line of the seat, so that it can be turned up and down a certain
angle for allowing passengers to sit on either side of the board, the board being
supported at each end in a recess provided at the upper side of the inner face of the
rollers, so that the seat, properly speaking, can be lifted out from the top. Also in
suspending the foot board from the said axle by ropes or rods, so that the footboard
is free to swing on the axis of the rollers, said suspension ropes or rods being
connected near the axle by a rope or ropes, which when the seat (board and back)
is removed and the apparatus floats in the water, may be held by the hands, while
the footboard serves as a seat. Also in fixing the seat in position by means of a
chain or rope attached at one end to the seat, properly speaking, and at the other
end to a hook or short arm mounted on a horizontal shaft running on the floor along
the seat, and provided at one end with a hand lever, the turning of which serves to
release the said chain from the hook, in order to allow of the seat boards being lifted
out, or draws the chain down so far as to fix the seat in its position.
For use on ocean ships the two rollers are preferably made hollow, one of them
containing provisions, while the other contains a water receptacle. The rollers may
be provided with shoes, to prevent their unintended rolling on the deck, while for
river steamers the two rollers may be replaced by discs having a flat underside to
rest upon.
The horizontal shaft may be made of sufficient length to fix several seats,
whereby the latter can be set free or attached by one movement of a lever.
A NEW PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SUBSTITUTE, FOR COFFEE FROM ARABIAN OR TURKISH WHEAT, AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF MAIZE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
A com-
munication from abroad by Peter Schwing, of Barmen, in the German Empire.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer, and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, and 20, Forhaabningsholms Allee, Copenhagen.
"A NEW
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A SUBSTITUTE, FOR COFFEE FROM ARABIAN
OR TURKISH WHEAT, AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF MAIZE." A communication
from abroad by Peter Schwing, of Barmen, in the German Empire.
The Invention relates to the malting and then roasting of Arabian or Turkish
wheat and other kinds of maize, and consists of the following process: When the
Arabian or Turkish wheat or maize has been cleansed from foreign matters, it is
exposed for four or five days to warm steam of about 60° centigrade, whereby the
greater part of the starch is converted into sugar (malt). The corn now begins to
germinate, special care being taken as to the regularity of that effect; it is then
dried and roasted in a roasting machine, turned slowly and continuously, and
maintained at a moderate heat, and then cooled in slowly revolving wooden
vessels.
The grains are ground as required in a coffee mill, and used in the same
quantity as coffee, and when prepared in the same way, drinks very much like
genuine coffee, and may be employed with advantage as a substitute therefor.
The material thus prepared is a real substitute for coffee, the principle of which
is produced without mixture and contains nothing dangerous to health.
IN PAPER MAKING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1880.
DAVID SMITH, of Little Eaton, in the County of Derby, Engineer.
MENTS IN PAPER MAKING APPARATUS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of that
part of the apparatus employed for making paper by means of which the water is
removed or drained from the pulp whilst the pulp is being carried forward by the
wire" or endless wire cloth of the machine.
"
Hitherto what are known as vacuum boxes have been used for the purpose in
view, a powerful sucking action being continuously maintained in such boxes, in
consequence of which the wire has been subjected to much pressure and friction
in passing over the boxes, and has thereby been rapidly worn, causing great expence
for renewals.
By the present Invention an intermittent or pulsating action is applied instead
of the continuous draught of the vacuum boxes, and with such pulsating action the
wire is subjected to much less wear, whilst the effect on the pulp is much improved,
the fibres becoming better felted together, and the substance rendered more uniform,
whilst, if coloring matters are present, these are equalised throughout the thickness
of the pulp, and not drawn to the under side as with the ordinary vacuum boxes.
In carrying out the Invention, what may be termed pulsating draining boxes
are employed instead of the ordinary vacuum boxes, the wire passing over the
draining boxes just as formerly over the vacuum boxes. Each pulsating draining
box is formed with a shallow space to receive the water from the wire, and with one
or more outlet pipes for the water, such pipes having one or more discharge orifices
which can be adjusted in height relatively to the wire to admit of the water having
a greater or less downward tendency as may be required in each case. The bottom
of the shallow draining space is formed by one or more sheets of impermeable cloth
of rubber and canvas combined, or other suitable material, and the space or spaces
beneath such sheet or sheets is or are closed, excepting that it or they communicate
by a pipe or pipes with an air pump or bellows, which last may be situated at any
convenient distance. By the pump or bellows air (or it may be any other suitable
fluid) is alternately forced into and withdrawn from the spaces under the sheets in
the draining boxes, whereby these sheets are made to palpitate, and the effect of
this palpitation on the pulp which is moving forward on the wire is to withdraw

page_text: the water from the pulp in a very satisfactory manner. It will generally be
convenient to have the pumps or bellows working at a maximum rate, and to
adjust or temper the action close to each draining box, for which purpose each
communicating pipe is fitted with a branch stopcock opening to the atmosphere,
and which can be adjusted to give more or less relief, as may be required. The
pulsating draining boxes may be made of larger dimensions lengthways of the wire
than the ordinary vacuum boxes, so that some of the ordinary intermediate rollers
may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COIL SPRINGS, AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING SAME FOR SPRING MATTRESSES AND OTHER SUITABLE PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880.
HENRY SMITH, of Capel Street, Dublin, Ireland, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
COIL SPRINGS, AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING SAME FOR SPRING MATTRESSES AND
OTHER SUITABLE PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is the arrangement and fixing of coil springs for
mattresses and other suitable purposes in a more simple, secure, and effective
manner than by any method hitherto known as far as I am aware; also the
construction of a new form of coil spring for such purposes.
To this end I secure the usual coil spring to iron, steel, or wooden laths in the
following manner :-Instead of attaching the lower rings of the coil to cross pieces
of wood, and the upper rings of the coil to strips of tape, as in the present method,
I form clips or staple clips on the iron, steel, or wooden laths in such a manner that
the rings at both extremities of the coil will catch in same, and will be held secure
in position except when required to be taken asunder for purposes of transit,
readjustment, or otherwise. These clips may be formed by punching through the
lath, or they may be inserted loose, so that the loop of same will catch the coil
rings, as above described.
The new form of coil spring which I propose to adopt for the above purposes
consists of a spiral spring having its central rings of greater diameter than those at
each end; in other words, the ends of the spiral or coil taper towards the extremities
to a point. When this form of spring is used I secure the ends of same to the
cross laths above described at the intersections of said laths by means of loose clips
or bolts and nuts.
The advantages I claim under the above Invention are, the facility afforded for
taking the mattress (or other articles-to-which-my-Invention-is-applied)-asunder,-
and packing the various parts of same for transit; also the ease with which said
parts may be again put together in a secure and permanent manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MOULDS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER KINDRED ARTICLES OF GLASS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arthur at the Office of the
· Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1880.
.
WILLIAM ARTHUR, of Ringsend Glass Works, Dublin, in the County of Dublin.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO MOULDS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER
KINDRED ARTICLES OF GLASS.”
In the moulding of glass bottles, jars, and the like, I find that the hotter the
mould up to a given point the smoother, finer, and better is the appearance of the
bottle.
I therefore make the mould of comparatively thin metal, and of nearly a uniform
thickness (at times one mould may be required thinner than another), and encase
it with a closed air jacket, or fill in asbestos fibre or the like very loosely into a
chamber surrounding the mould, or in other ways surround the said mould
with a good non-conductor of heat (preferably confined air), so that when once
the mould is heated for work it will remain as hot as required so long as in use,
and the heat will be more uniform all over instead of variable in places, as it
would be if made on the old system, and heated by extraneous means. This kind
of mould is even of more use in making oval, flat, and such like bottles than
round.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING PIPES TO WATER AND GAS METERS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brett and Joe Burman
Abbey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December
1880.
WILLIAM BRETT and JOE BURMAN ABBEY, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COUPLING
AND UNCOUPLING PIPES TO WATER AND GAS METERS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the method of coupling and uncoupling pipes to water
and gas meters, but is equally applicable to coupling and uncoupling steam, water,
and gas pipes. Hitherto pipes have been connected at each side of a water meter
by means of flanged or socket pipes, bolted or otherwise fastened to a flange or
pipe attached to and forming part of the meter, and when the meter had to be
removed for repairs or other purposes, the pipe immediately connected to the meter
had to be cut or broken before the said meter could be removed. Now our
Invention is intended to obviate this difficulty, and we employ apparatus simple in
its construction and capable of being readily attached and detached from the meter
and pipes. The improvements consist in the employment of a pipe, nipple, or tube,
chased or screwed with a thread, and having two flanges or nuts thereon, one being
cast or otherwise fastened, and the other placed loose thereon. In order to connect
the meter and pipes together, one end of the nipple is screwed into a pipe or flange
of the meter, and the other end of the said nipple is screwed into the pipe employed
to convey the water or gas to the meter or convey it therefrom, the loose nut being
afterwards screwed up against the end of the pipe as a lock-nut to tighten and
secure same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR ENGINES DRIVEN BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Middleton Pratt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1880.
MIDDLETON PRATT, of the Atlas Works, Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTOR ENGINES DRIVEN BY STEAM
OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE."
My Invention relates to single acting engines in which the steam or other
fluid pressure is exerted on one side of the piston only, or, in other words, in that
end of the cylinder only which is further from the crank, and it has for its object
the shortening of the port with the use of an ordinary reciprocating slide valve.
In carrying out my Invention I construct the port at or near that end of the
cylinder which is further from the crank where the inlet and egress of the steam
or other fluid is regulated by means of a slide valve. The steam chest is made of
such a length as to contain the eccentric, or its equivalent, from which the
reciprocating motion of the slide valve is obtained, the slide valve and connecting
rod.
The eccentric shaft passes through a bush let into the side of the steam chest,
and a suitable collar on the eccentric, or its equivalent, runs against this bush,
with which it is kept in contact inside the valve chest by means of a suitable
spring and the steam or fluid pressure. The opening through which the eccentric
shaft passes is thus kept fluid tight. The projecting end of the eccentric shaft
is connected in any convenient manner with the main crank so as to be rotated
synchronously therewith.
The engine constructed with my improvements may consist of one cylinder
only, or it may have more than one cylinder arranged in any convenient manner,
as, for example, radially from the centre of the crank shaft in as many directions
as there are cylinders, or in a line coupled to crank pins on the same shaft, in
which cases the engine may be compounded.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLID DISINFECTING OR DEODORIZING TABLETS, LOZENGES, CAKES, GLOBULES, OR THE LIKE."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hickisson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1880.
JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Marking Ink Manufacturer. THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLID DISINFECTING OR
DEODORIZING TABLETS, LOZENGES, CAKES, GLOBULES, OR THE LIKE."
My Invention has for object the manufacture of solid disinfecting or deodorizing
tablets, lozenges, cakes, globules, or the like, which can be carried in the pocket or
other receptacle, and as occasion requires thrown into water or other liquid, to
disinfect or deodorize the atmosphere, and thereby remove and purify any foul or
noxious gases or vapours which may prevail or exist in rooms and other places.
In carrying my Invention into effect I combine any of the chemical compounds
or substances, or combinations of chemical compounds or substances, employed for
disinfecting or deodorizing purposes, such for instance as permanganate of potassa,
chloride of lime, or carbolic acid, with a suitable base or body, such as chalk,
gelatine, dextrine, or other suitable porous medium or material easily dissolvable in
water or capable of absorbing moisture by which the disinfecting gas can be
evolved. I then reduce the combined substances to a solid mass, which I then cut
into tablets, cakes, lozenges, or form into globules. These tablets, lozenges, cakes,
or globules I prefer should be capable of readily dissolving on being thrown into
water or other liquid, and while dissolving evolve and liberate the gases contained
in the disinfecting or deodorizing chemical compound or compounds of which they
are composed, and which liberated gases by mixing with and absorbing the foul or
noxious gases or vapours pervading the room or place, remove such noxious or
mephitic gases or vapours and purify or deodorize the room or place.
Or I charge paper or other fabric unsized with the disinfecting or deodorizing
compounds by placing the same into a strong solution composed of the disinfecting
or deodorizing chemical compound or compounds, and after charging I dry the
paper or fabric by natural or artificial heat and cut it into various sized sheets or
strips. The paper or fabric so charged will on immersion into water or other liquid
evolve the gas or gases contained in the disinfecting or deodorizing compound or
compounds, and will then purify the atmosphere, and at the same time destroy any
impurities contained in the liquid into which it is thrown.
IMPROVED ENVELOPE FOR POSTAL PURPOSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Mauger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 188().
"AN
EMILE MAUGER, of Boulevard, Saint Denis, 1, at Paris, Manufacturer.
IMPROVED ENVELOPE FOR POSTAL PURPOSES, AND IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED
WITH APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to an improved envelope for postal purposes, and
improvements connected with apparatus employed in manufacturing the same;
and has for its object to permit in a permanent manner the official authentication
of the date of posting of letters enclosed in removable envelopes by means of
adhesive postage stamps affixed to such letters.
Before the use of envelopes, now so common, the letters themselves received the
postage stamp, and then the obliterating stamp was the official guarantee of
the date of posting such letters.
Now by means of my Invention I have endeavoured to re-establish this
guarantee by rendering the postage stamp adherent to the letter contained in the
envelope by means of an opening cut in such envelope.
My Invention therefore consists in cutting an opening in the envelope (before
the folding of the same), at the upper right hand corner thereof such opening
being of the form of the postage stamp, and a little smaller than said stamp.
This opening indicates clearly the place of the stamp, which is affixed to the
letter through the said opening cut in the envelope.
To avoid tearing the stamp on withdrawing the letter from the envelope,
the opening is surrounded with perforations, cut more or less close together,
and assuming the form either of a rectangular or a circular frame or border.
This frame or border is larger than the stamp so as to facilitate the placing
of the stamp on to the letter.
On tearing open the envelope, the frame or border becomes detached, and
remains fixed together with the postage stamp upon the letter. Thus the
valuable guarantee destroyed by the employment of the envelopes now in use
is re-established by means of my Invention.
The cutting apparatus which I employ in the manufacture of these envelopes
is a spring one, and consists of a punch and matrix suitably held and mounted on
table or platform and operated by a treadle; the punches and the matrix
[Price 271

page_text: can be arranged like those now in use in other punching apparatus employed in
other manufactures, but in my apparatus, on account of the large extent of
envelope displayed when punching out the opening, I dispense with the guide
pins or gudgeons which generally connect the punch with the matrix; I also
employ slide guides, and arrange the same on each side of the large flaps of the
open envelope in such manner as to ensure the proper position of the unfolded
envelope during the punching out operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTING, IGNITING, AND EXTINGUISHING GAS FOR STREET AND OTHER LIGHTING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Brougham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1880.
A com-
munication from abroad by Monsieur Cyprien Sabatou, of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
(A
FREDERICK JOHN BROUGHAM, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTING,
IGNITING, AND EXTINGUISHING GAS FOR STREET AND OTHER LIGHTING."
communication from abroad by Monsieur Cyprien Sabatou, of Paris, in the Republic
of France.)
This Invention has for object improvements in the method of or arrangements
It
for distributing, igniting, and extinguishing gas for street and other lighting.
consists as follows:-A number of stations are provided, from which the gas supply
and lighting is to be controlled; these stations receive the gas directly from the
gas-works. Each station has a sufficient number of meters and is connected, 1st,
with the main which conveys the gas for all the lamps, and which is provided with
a cock or valve close to the respective station; 2nd, with a much smaller pipe which
runs alongside or follows the same course as the main pipe throughout.
The gas from the gas-works is allowed to enter the main-pipe only during the
hours the lamps must remain lighted, the cock or valve at the station being shut
when it is required to put out the lights; but the smaller pipe is in constant and
free communication with the gas-works, and is provided with small branch pipes
connected to it, and one of which enters each lamp wherein at a point close to the
gas burner a very small hole or permanent leak is formed in the small branch pipe,
thus leaving a constant and free passage to a very small quantity of gas which
remains lighted always but giving an almost imperceptible light.
This small flame serves to light the lamp when the gas flows out of the burner
on the opening of the cock. A small cap or shield protects the small flame.
OR IMPROVED BUTTER PRINT BLOWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Harryman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1880..
"
CHARLES HARRYMAN, of Ross, in the County of Hereford. NEW OR IMPROVED
BUTTER PRINT BLOWER."
My Invention of butter print blower consists mainly of a ball, made of rubber or
other such like material, attached by metal work or other suitable arrangements to
a handle which, having an opening, allows the air when the ball is pressed to act as
hereinafter described.
The action is as follows:-The print blower being attached to an ordinary butter
print, on pressing the ball the air is caused to rush down the opening in the handle
and act upon the butter so as to blow same off the print. The ball and part of the
handle or metal work or arrangement is made so as to unscrew, for the purpose of
allowing the print to be washed.
The blower can be attached at will to any butter print, being made so as to
unscrew from one print, and be screwed to another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SUSPENDING LADIES' PETTICOATS OR SKIRTS ON THE PERSON, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAIST BANDS THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Rickard Crowle and
Walter Charles Beetles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th August 1880.
HENRY WILLIAM RICKARD CROWLE and WALTER CHARLES BEETLES, of 80,
Wood Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
SUSPENDING LADIES' PETTICOATS OR SKIRTS ON THE PERSON, AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF WAIST BANDS THEREFOR."
This is an improvement in the means and method of suspending ladies' petticoats
or skirts on the person, and such improvement consists in two or more petticoats or
skirts being attached to one and the same waist band, whereby the clumsiness and
discomfort arising from the shifting and puckering up of two or more bands
round the waist is entirely obviated.
The method of applying this Invention consists in a loose flap being formed by
the lining of the waist band, to which by means of loops, or hooks, or hooks
and eyes, or eyelets, or buttons, or by sewing, or any other means, the
additional petticoat or petticoats or skirts may be suspended, such petticoat or
petticoats to be separate garments, or by attaching in any manner an additional
petticoat or skirt to the one waist band.
The great advantage of this Invention is that any number of petticoats or skirts
can be worn with increased comfort, and without increasing in the least the bulk
of the close fitting waist band, and hence the following improvement :-A graceful
appearance to the figure caused by the absence of unnecessary thickness of clothing
around the waist and extending over the hips.
" IN THE MEANS OF PRODUCING POROUS ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND OTHER ANALOGUES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Max Sombart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1880.
A com-
munication from Gustav Kükenthal, of Brunswic, in the Empire of Germany.
CHARLES MAX SOMBART, of the Firm of Buss, Sombart, and Company, Engineers,
and Patent Agents, of Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany.
IMPROVEMENTS
"
IN THE MEANS OF PRODUCING POROUS ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND OTHER
ANALOGUES." A communication from Gustav Kükenthal, of Brunswic, in the
Empire of Germany.
The articles after being formed of uncalcined clay uniformly charged with and
penetrated by water, are brought into contact with highly heated metallic or other
plates, or surfaces by means of which a rapid evaporation of the water in the bodies
of clay is effected and numerous pores produced. The more water the clay contains
and the hotter the plates of contact are, the larger are the pores produced which
fill the bodies of clay like cells. The dry and porous bodies of clay produced
in such a manner, are then burnt in a kiln and allow a more extensive passage than
the generally known porous water-jugs and such like articles.
In order to produce a porous mass of clay for filtering purposes, a mixture of
uncalcined clay and water is extended in thin layers over highly heated plates,
whereby a quick evaporation of the water contained in the clay is effected, and
numerous pores are consequently produced, this porous mass of clay which gets dry
at once, after being broken into convenient pieces as required for filtering purposes
is then calcined in a kiln or stove.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAME APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mary Tyler Foote, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States
of America, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAME APPARATUS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Mary Tyler Foote at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1880.
MARY TYLER FOOTE, of Boston, Massachusetts, the United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAME APPARATUS."
'
This is an apparatus for playing an educational game, and has for its object to
familiarize the young with the multiplication table; and it consists in a series of
trays, preferably twelve in number, laid in order in a flat box or similar receptacle,
cach tray containing thirty six blocks in rows of three, each row being a sum in
multiplication. To play the game, remove the lowest right block in any tray, mix
the rest, and then move them into their original correct positions.
In the accompanying Drawing in which similar letters of reference indicate like
parts.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of my game apparatus with the first and last trays
filled, and the rest empty.
Figure 2 is a view of the fourth tray filled and removed.
a is a sballow box provided with a cover (not shown in the Drawing); b, b, are
twelve trays containing blocks as follows:-Tray first contains twelve rows of
blocks. The first row of these blocks reads "1, 1, 1," the first sum in multiplication,
the last row reads "1, 12, 12," the twelvth sum in the first table of multiplication.
The second tray begins "2, 1, 2," and thus up to the twelvth tray, which ends with
three blocks reading "12, 12, 144."
Each tray provides a complete game, and of course more than one person can
play at the same time. In Figure 2 the last numbered block "48" is removed, the
blocks are then to be mixed and restored by moving into their proper order, thus
inculcating arithmetical knowledge in a pleasing manner.
Handles c are usually attached to the trays to facilitate their removal. The
box a may be of any suitable shape for the reception of the trays, which may be
supplied with covers if desired. It is evident that sums in addition, subtraction
etc., may be substituted for suins in multiplication if desired.
n
...

page_text: Having thus fully described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is,―
A box or other suitable receptacle containing a series of trays b, having suitable
handles, each tray containing a number of longitudinal and transverse rows of blocks,
and such rows exhibiting sums in arithmetic, arranged substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mary Tyler Foote, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
MARY TYLER FOOTE. (L.S.)
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATORY KNIFE CLEANERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1880.
WALTER SCOTT, of No. 4, Ivy Villas, Shakespeare Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATORY KNIFE CLEANERS."
3>
This Invention relates to improved construction of rotatory knife cleaners, whereby
table and other like knives can be cleaned singly and with great facility, the supply
of emery or other polishing powder being furnished to the rubbing surfaces
automatically, and in proportion to the quantity required for the purpose.
The apparatus adjusts itself automatically to the thickness or thinness of the
knife blade which has to be cleaned, and operates upon the shoulders of the knife
with freedom without clogging the "haft" with powder as by the present rotatory
cleaners.
"J
The Invention consists in forming two discs with hollow centres, and covering
the inner faces with rubbing surfaces, such as "corticine or other like body, which
is fixed by cement or otherwise to the projecting inner portions of each disc, as to
rotate with them. The hollows of the discs serve to contain the desired quantity
of emery or other powder between the "corticino or like body and the dished back
of each disc, a hole being formed at the bulged edge of the dishing for the hollow to
be charged and closed by a plug or closer.
"
The corticine or like rubbing surfaces are perforated near the peripheries of the
dished portions, that the centrifugal action of the discs may cause the powder to
pass through to the cleansing surfaces.
The discs are mounted upon a square spindle or pin to rotate together, and are
kept in adjustable contact by india rubber washers and tightening nut, that the
dises may open out and close at any part of their diameters for operating upon all
parts of cach blade when inserted between them.
Tho spindle is supported by a suitable frame, oither to be fixed on a table or
stand, and a pulley or sheave may be fitted to enable the spindle and discs to be
rotated by treadle if desired.