IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND CLEANING RICE, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY, SUCH AS QUARTZ-CRUSHERS, TRIP-HAMMERS, FULLING MILLS, AND LIKE APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND
CLEANING RICE, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
MACHINERY, SUCH AS QUARTZ-CRUSHERS, TRIP-HAMMERS, FULLING MILLS, AND
LIKE APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Fred Brotherhood, of
the City of Charlestown, in the State of South Carolina, United States of
America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1881.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND CLEANING RICE, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY, SUCH AS QUARTZ-CRUSHERS, TRIP-
HAMMERS, FULLING MILLS, AND LIKE APPARATUS." A communication from abroad
by Fred Brotherhood, of the City of Charlestown, in the State of South Carolina,
United States of America.
This Invention relates chiefly to improvements in mills for pounding and
cleaning rice of the class having pestles which are lifted and released in rapid.
succession that they may fall by gravity repeatedly and at short intervals into the
rice to be treated in mortars, the Invention especially pertaining to that particular
type of this class of mills in which the pestles are actuated by intermittingly
operating griping rolls or revolving nippers acting on lifters or lifting-boards to
which the postles are attached.
The objects are to provide improved gripping rolls or revolving nippers, and
mechanism by which to adjust them and control their action upon the lifter of a
pestle (or it may be of a hammer, stamp, or other body), whilst admitting of the
desirable amount of yield or self-adjustment of the rolls in the pressure or gripe
upon the lifter; to avoid breaking or injuriously straining either the griping rolls
or their supports or attachments; to so contruct a lifter and adapt griping rolls to
act thereon that the lifter shall be tightly griped by or compressed between the

page_text: rolls at the commencement of their action upon it, and afterwards be acted upon
with gradually decreasing pressure, so avoiding slip of the rolls upon the lifter in
starting it, whilst avoiding unnecessary strain and undue wear of parts after
inertin has been overcome; to provide simple means for arresting the action of a
lifter when it may be desired to hold it out of operation; to facilitate the operation
of the pestle upon the mass of rice in a mortar by presenting different grains or
portions of the mass to the action of a pestle upon its successive descents; to
provide for rapidly discharging the contents of a mortar, and admit of the mortar
being readily cleaned.
The accomplishment of the above referred to desiderata is provided for by a
novel organization of mechanism and certain combinations of devices which will
hereinafter fully be described preparatory to designation of the subject-matter
claimed.
The accompanying Drawings show all those parts of a complete machine which
are needed for illustration of a suitable adaptation of the improvements to power
driven and hand operated rico-pounding-tills. Some of the improvements,
essential and cooperating parts of the Invention, may be used in other machines
differing in construction in various respects from those shown and hereinafter
specifically described.
Figuro is a view in side clevation, showing in dotted lines some of the parts
obscured by the frame-work, &c. Figure 2 is at front elevation. Figure 3 is a view
partly in sido elevation and partly in section, showing the griping-rolls, lifter,
pestle-arresting lever, etc. Figure 4 is a view showing some of the features
illustrated by Figure 3, but with the parts in different positions. Figure 5 is a
view partly in plan and partly in section on the line 5, 5, of Figure 1. Figure 6 is
a view partly in plan and partly in section on the lines 6, 6, of Figures 1 and 2,
showing details of the lifter cross-head, its guide-ways, the frame, the pestle-
arresting lever, and its eccentric for acting on the cross-head. Figure 7 is a view
partly in elevation and partly in section on the line 7, 7, of Figure 8, showing
portions of a mortar, its supporting-frame, the mortar slide, and the pestle and a
portion of its shank. Figure 8 is a view partly in plan and partly in section on
the line 8, 8, of Figure 7. Figure 9 is a view partly in elevation and partly in
section, showing a modification of the griping-rolls or nippers for acting on the
lifter. Figure 10 is a side elevation of a hand-driven mill. Figure 11 is a front
elevation of the mill represented by Figure 10. Figure 12 is a view partly in
elevation and partly in section, showing only such features of a mill as are deemed
necessary for illustration of the application of the improvements to a lifter which is
drawn or pulled upon instead of being pushed by griping rollers, so as to act in
connection with a mortar or its equivalent beneath instead of above the griping
rollers. Figure 13 is a plan view showing a mortar as provided with a loosely-
supported self-adjusting band or rice-turning ring, the pestle being represented in
section. Figure 14 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section on the
line 14, 14, of Figure 13.
A suitable supporting-frame A is constructed in skeleton form, or so as to
provide an unobstructed central space or vertical passage between the frame
uprights for a lifter B to work endwise in, as guided in its movements by its cross
head B. Guideways a, a, on the frame fit the guide grooves b, b, of the cross-
head.
The mortar C is supported upon the top or plate A' of the frame, and is provided
with a central opening in its bottom through which projects the rod or shank C' of
the pestle 1)³.
The pestle-shank and lifter are connected with the cross-bend B' in such manner
that they may be detached therefrom when separation of the parts is desirable.
The connection of the cross-head, pestle-shank, and lifting-board B is made, as
clearly shown in Figure 3, in the following way-The pestle-shank is forined of
a rod having a head or enlargement 6' at its lower end, and the cross-head is
formed with an opening extending through it vertically or from end to end. The

page_text: lower part of this opening for, say, half or two thirds the length of the cross-head
is of larger area than the opening through the top or upper end of the cross-head.
The diameter of the opening is suddenly contracted where the smaller portion
merges in the larger portion, thus forming a shoulder c. The lower part of the
larger opening is flaring to form a tapering socket into which the correspondingly
shaped end of the lifter is wedged and secured by a cross pin or bolt and nut after
the shank C has been slipped into the cross-head opening from below, so as to
bring the shank-head 61 between the shoulder c and the end c' of the lifter when
the latter is inserted. Endwise movement of the pestle-shank independently of the
movements of the lifter and cross-head is thus provided for. An expansive or
thrust-spring D rests at its lower end in an annular socket & in the top of the
cross-head around its central opening, and at its upper end the spring bears against
a collar D' on the pestle-shank. For the purpose of securing a very strong con-
nection between the collar D' and shank C, the former is made with a thread to
match a screw upon the latter, and a pin d prevents the turning of this collar
nut D' upon the shank.
The spring D prevents injury arising from violent concussion or too sudden and
unyielding action upon the pestle through the lifter by the griping-rolls presently
to be described. It will readily be understood that the resistance to motion of
the pestle when the lifting-board is suddenly and quickly moved upward will
cause the spring to yield, and the pestle-shank to move downward in its support
in the cross-head. Motion is thus gradually imparted to the pestle to overcome
inertia when the lifting-board B is first acted upon by mechanism such as next
referred to, and in turn described.
It is preferable to employ symmetrical or truly cylindrical griping-rolls instead
of lifting cams or eccentric griping-rolls, such as heretofore commonly used, and
to have one an idle roll, and the other a positively driven roll instend of two rolls
geared together or positively actuated. The idle roll is caused, by suitable cam-
actuated mechanism connecting it with the driven-roll, to approach and bear
against or to recede from and occupy a position clear of the lifter, according to
whether the lifter is to be griped or pressed upon on opposite sides by the
griping-rolls or is to be released and allowed to drop. The intermittingly acting
griping-rolls, their connecting mechanism, supports, etc., will now be described in
their order.
A driving or main shaft E provided with a band wheel, or its equivalent, is
suitably mounted in bearings c, e, of the main frame A. A positively actuated
roll E' is fastened to the driving shaft, and at the opposite sides or faces of this
roll, cams G, G, are also fastened to this shaft. These cams may be made quite
small, say, of half or even less than half the size of the roll E', and are exactly
aliko and correspondingly arranged upon the shaft at the sides of the roll.
A vibrating bifurcated frame is jointed at the extremities or lower ends of its
arms H, H, to the supporting frame A by suitable pivots h, h, so that it may rock
vertically. The arms of this frame are shown as curved away from the roll E³, or
bent outward from or near their centres. Rollers g, g, are mounted one upon each
arm at the angles or midway the curves of the arms, and these rollers respectively
bear upon the peripheries of the respective cains G, G. The forked frame is shown
as made in three parts or sections consisting of the two arms H, H, and a pivoted
cross bar or connecting top portion H₁ trunnioned at its ends in the tops of the
arms, so as to be free to rock independently of the frame arms.
The bridge-piece or cross-bar H' of the rocking frame has an opening through it
in which a sleeve I is supported, so as to be free to turn and move endwise in
the bearing opening. A hand wheel I' is fastened at one end to the sleeve I, and
a removably secured collar i is fastened to the other or inner end of the sleeve.
That the sleeve I may be moved endwise along a rod 1, which constitutes the
shank or controlling arm of a yoke J to be described further on, the hub of the
hand wheel is either provided with a screw-thread to match a thread upon the
yoke shank, or with a nut i¹ (see Figure 9), which is firmly secured in a recess in

page_text: the hand wheel hub. The sleeve I may be moved inward or outward by turning
the hand wheel in the proper direction, and the frame H, H, H₁, rocked so as to
cause its rollers g, g, to move toward or away from the cams G, G. Two thrust
springs G', g', upon the sleeve I bear at their inner or adjacent ends upon the
opposito sides of the cross bar H¹ of the rocking frame, whilst the other ends of
these springs bear respectively against the hub of the hand wheel and the collar i
on the sleeve, for a purpose to be made apparent further on. The spring G is
longer or of greater resiliency than the spring g', which acts as a buffer or yielding
washer, and the two opposo each other in pressure exerted by them upon the
rocking frame.
The idle roll F of the pair of griping rolls, as before stated, is not geared with
the roll E', but is caused to rotate only by contact with the lifter when the latter
is in motion, and the intermitting contact of the idle roll with the lifter results
from the movements given this roll through or by way of the controller or yoke J
from the cams G, G, vibrating frame H, H, H', etc., above described. Tho remaining
features of suitable cam-actuated mechanism connecting the driven and the idle
roll, and the manner of supporting the idle roll, are by preference as follows:-Tho
shank or rod extension 12 of the controller or yoke proper J connects with the
centre of the bow or at the junction of the forks of the yoke, and these forks are
pivoted at their outer ends respectively with an eccentric-rocking frame, which,
like the before-described rocking frame acted upon by the driven roll cams, is made
in sections consisting of two arms J¹, J¹, and a removable cross-bar or rod J³ con-
necting the outer ends of tho arms. A weight or counterpoise acting constantly
with a tendency either to rock this eccentric actuating frame downwards or away
from the driven roll E', or to hold it in the position it occupies when the roll F is
inoperative, is shown as formed by a heavy roller F¹ mounted on the cross rod J².
Nuts j,j, upon the threaded ends of the cross rod J', and the hub of the counter
balance roller F', serve to brace the outer ends of the frame arms J, J. The inner
ends of these frame-arms are respectively fastened to or rigid with their respective
eccentrics or rollers K, K, which are supported in suitable divided bearings or
boxes k, k, in the supporting frame A. The idle roller F is fastoned upon its shaft f,
which at its ends is mounted eccentrically and so as to turn loosely in the rollers
or eccentrics K, K. The yoke arms J, J, are pivoted at their ends to the arms of
the eccentric-rocking frame. Pivot bolts f¹, f¹, and their nuts connect the yoke
with tho eccentric frame arms J', J', about midway between the eccentrics and the
counterbalance F'.
The lifter B is by preference considerably reduced in thickness next the cross
head by recesses 62, 63, and also tapered or made gradually thinner from this cut-
away part to its opposite end. One object of so forming the board is to make
it self-adjusting, or give to it a degree of flexibility sufficient to reduce to a
minimum the frictional contact of the lifter against the driven griper-roll in the
descent of the pestlo. Were the lifter made quite stiff or unyielding, as by con-
structing it throughout of the same thickness which it is necessary to give it for
its main portion to secure proper strength, the liftor would chafe and wear
injuriously by its hard pressure against the driving roll E' in its fall. A very
tight gripe upon the board by tho rolls in starting is secured by tapering the lifter,
as will be more fully set forth further on, and thus possibility of slip is avoided at
the time when the greatest power is required.
From the above description the following reference to the operation of parts of
the mechanism so far alluded to will readily be comprehended, assuming the following
named parts to occupy positions and to be adjusted as now to be mentioned
whether the mill be at work or merely ready to be started.
The lifter and pestle are in their inoperative or lowermost positions, as shewn in
Figures 1 and 2, and about as shewn in Figure 3. The cams on the driving shaft,
or at the sides of the positively actuated griping roll, at this time occupy positions
such as to present their cut away or cam-surfaces to the rollers of the rocking
frame, say, as shewn in Figure 4, or as if viewed at a period in the revolution of

page_text: the cams, slightly before the time at which they would be brought to positions in
which one of them is represented in Figure 3. The spring G', if not already
adjusted, is compressed by turning the hand wheel I', and the rocking frame
H, H, H', thus caused to occupy a position such as will present the rollers g, g, to
the cams, and hold them up to the cams with sufficient pressure whilst admitting
of the proper amount of play to accommodate for inequalities of surface or
variations in the thickness of the lifter by the yield of the idle roll, as will presently
be understood. The roll E', being revolved in the direction indicated by the
arrows thereon in various Figures of the Drawings, the cams will be brought to
positions which will cause their regular or concentric surfaces to act upon the
rollers of the rocking frame. By or slightly before the time the cams and the cam
actuated rollers occupy the relative positions in which they are represented in
Figure 3, the rocking frame will have been vibrated on its pivots, and rocked
outward at top against the hand wheel and the yoke-shank by way of the spring G¹.
This movement of the rocking frame is duo, as will readily be perceived, to the
action upon its rollers of portions of the cams of greater radii than those portions
to which the rollers had previously been presented. The rocking of the frame
imparts a similar movement to the idle roll F through or by way of the controller,
its shank, and the remainder of the connecting mechanism between this roll and
the cams G, G. The two rolls are thus caused to firmly, though yieldingly, gripe
or press upon the opposite sides of the lifter, which is raised and then dropped by
being released from the rolls upon the presentation of the recessos in the cams to
the rollers of the rocking frame, the rocking frame swinging inward and the idle-
roll away from the lifter. As the lever is thickest where it is first acted upon by
the rolls the pressure exerted upon it at such point is obviously greater than that
exerted upon it elsewhere, as the spring G' has to yield and be compressed, and
therefore exert its greatest force to draw the idle roll against the lifter at the time
that this roll is forced in adjusting itself to the lifter, to occupy a position farther
away from the roll El than at other times. The proper degree of pressure upon
the lifter by the griping rolls is thus exerted at a time when the greatest power
is required, and slip or yield prevented. Proper action of the gripping rolls upon
the lifter in starting is greatly aided by decreasing the effect of inertia, or aiding
the rolls to overcome it by the employment of the spring D. Another advantage
arising from the arrangement of this spring, in the manner before explained, is
that in event of overspeeding the rolls, so that they catch the lifter on its descont,
the concussion is greatly lessened, and liability of breakage of parts reduced to the
minimum, for when the lifter is suddenly arrested in its drop the unyielding weight
only of the lifter and cross head has to be sustained, the movement of the pestle
and its rod being gradually arrested as the spring D yields and allows of the
endwise movement of the pestle rod independently of the cross head and lifter.
The weight of the pestle and lifter being considerable results in frequent breakage
of parts, particularly when cams are employed to operate the lifter, when the cams
are brought to act upon the board too quickly or before it has fully dropped.
In order to arrest the movement of the lifting board and pestle or to stop any
one of a series of pestles driven from a common shaft without stopping the driving
shaft or interfering with the operations of other pestles of a series, a segmental
cam or eccentric L operated by a lever L' is pivoted in a suitable way as by a
tie rod or cross shaft 2 of the frame A, and in such relation to the cross head when
clevated that it may be caused to bear thereon and force or jam it tightly against
its guide-ways so as to create sufficient frictional contact between the cross head
and guide-ways to prevent movement of the lifter. In Figures 1 and 2 this lifter
arresting and supporting eccentric L is shewn in its inoperative position, and in
Figures 4 and 6 it is shown in operation.
Any suitable means may be employed for supporting the operating lever L' in
position to hold the eccentric against accidental operation. In this instance a
rest or bracket M is employed. The lever rests inside the lug m of the bracket.
When it is desired to stop and hold up a lifter the lifter is seized, and by raising

page_text: and then forcing or springing it sidowise is cleared of the rest.
The cross
head, if already elevated, will catch upon the eccentric at the commencement of
its descent, and if ascending will first act upon and rock the eccentric out of the
way and then engage it.
A projection N on the side of the cross head affords a hold for a lever by which
to raise the lifter to a position higher than that at which it may be supported by
the eccentric L, and thus, if desirable, elevate the lifter clear of or above the
gripping rolls at its lower end. Any suitable bar or lever may be rested or
fulcrumed upon the tie rod of the frame with its end under the projection N,
and the lever may be made heavy enough or of length sufficient to hold up the
lifter.
It is obvious that the gripping rolls or nippers may be thrown out of action upon
the lifter by adjusting the hand wheel 1' in a suitable way so as to relieve the rocking
frame or free it from pressure by the spring G¹, and thus prevent the adjustment
of the idle nipper roll which is necessary to cause it to act.
The mortar C is provided with a discharge opening or chute O at one side of
the centre of its bottom. See Figures 1, 7, and 8. A slide O is fitted between
guide flanges or brackets o, o, on the mortar and works in an opening terminating
in the mortar above the chute O. A wedge P passing through holes in the guide
way-lugs o, o, and bearing against a shoulder p of the slide serves to hold the slido
in place. By forining the discharge opening low down or close to the centre of the
bottom of the mortar the grain can readily be run out. It should be noticed that
the inner end of the slide is shaped to correspond with the shape of the mortar
bottom, and that the slide is supported at its extreme inner end by a seat o¹. It
is thus firmly supported against the blows of the pestle and pressure of the grain.
The mortar is provided with a "turning ring" or device by which the portion
of grain directly beneath the pestle when it strikes a blow is directed toward the
sides of the mortar and upward, forcing other portions of the mass from the sides
of the mortar into position to be acted upon by the next blow of the pestle.
Instead of employing as heretofore either a rice turning ring or annular band
resting loosely or without any support upon the mass of grain, or a ring rigidly
secured in place in the mortar, I provide, as shewn in Figures 13 and 14, a series
of arms Q, say three, which are curved and secured at top to the mortar, and are
provided with stops g at bottom to prevent the ring Q from falling off the skeleton
supporting and guiding frame thus formed. The ring is attached to this frame by
means of suitable bearing clips or eyes q'. The arrows indicate the circuit of
movement imparted to the rice by the ring and pestle.
As advantages arising from the use of a ring supported as just described, instead
of a loose ring or one merely resting on and supported by the rice, or a rigidly
supported ring, it may be mentioned that it does not get out of centre or under
the pestle, nor become tilted as a ring laid on the rice without guide or support
is liable to, nor does the ring always occupy a fixed relation to the mortar
regardless of the amount of rice or its shrinkage as operated upon, but, on the
contrary, follows the rice as it shrinks, always operating uniformly, which is not
the case with fixed rings.
In Figure 9 is illustrated a modification by which a cam roll or eccentric is
employed instead of a cylindrical roll. In this way the advantages arising from
the employment of this system of nipping rolls, and the use of the tapered or
flexible lifting board are retained, whilst giving a greater pressure upon the lifter
after starting them by the preferred construction herein before in detail explained.
It is obvious that any desired number of pestles may be operated from the
single driving shaft merely by duplicating the parts, that hand power apparatus
may be adapted, as shewn by Figures 10 and 11, to work small mills constructed
in accordance with this invention, and that instead of elevated or over head
mortars and thrusting pestles low down mortars with the driving mechanism
above to lift the pestles by pulling instead of thrusting action of the gripping
•

page_text: rollers, may be used (as shewn by Figure 12) in connection with essential features
of these improvements.
I am aware that it is old, broadly considered, to support one of a pair of gripping
rolls or revolving nippers in a cam actuated vibrating frame, and to intermittingly
actuate such roll or nipper so as to cause it to approach and recede from the other
roll of the pair, as well as to hold the adjustable roll up to its work with yielding
pressure, and therefore I do not unqualifiedly claim gripping rolls so supported and
actuated. Neither do I broadly claim the employment of a spring in connection
with a lifter to relieve shocks, etc, nor the employment of a lever to arrest and hold
up a lifter, nor a mortar provided with a discharge opening and means for closing
it, as such features and constructions unqualifiedly considered are older than the
Invention herein described; but I claim,-
First. The combination with a gripping roll actuated rising and falling lifter, of
an idle or intermittingly operated griping roll, a controlling-frame, rollers rigidly
attached to said frame, the shaft of the idle roll eccentrically mounted in said
rollers, and means by which to rock the rollers and thereby cause the idle roll
automatically to bear against or vibrate away from the lifter, substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
Second. The combination of the positively actuated roll, the idle or intermittingly
actuated roll, its controlling frame, rollers rigidly secured to said frame, the shaft
of the idle roll mounted eccentrically in said rollers, a counterbalance acting with
a tendency to rock said rollers in a direction such as to move the idle roll away
from the positively driven roll, and a controller by which to cause the idle roll to
approach the positively driven roll automatically and at intervals, substantially as
and for the purpose herein before set forth.
Third. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a pair of
gripping rolls, one of which is positively driven, cams by the sides of and rotating
with said positively actuated roll, an eccentric actuating rocking frame adjustably
supporting the other roll of the pair, and cam actuated connecting mechanism by
which said adjustable roll is moved toward and away from the positively driven
roll, and thus intermittingly brought into position to cooperate with the driven
roll, for the purpose described.
Fourth. The combination of the driving shaft, the gripping roll fast thereon, the
cams at the sides of said roll revolving with the driving shaft, the vibrating frame
actuated by said cams, the eccentrically mounted adjustable gripping roll, and the
controller or yoke connected with the adjustable support of said roll, and yieldingly
connected with the cam actuated vibrating frame, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore set forth.
Fifth. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of the driving
shaft, the roll thereon, the cams, the vibrating frame, its rollers acted upon by the
cams, the trunnioned cross bar of the vibrating-frame, the adjustable sleeve passing
through said bar, the adjustable roll, the rod or yoke shank by which the adjust-
ment of said roll is controlled, and the spring acting upon the vibrating-frumne to
press the rollers thereof against the cams on the driving shaft, for the purpose
described.
Sixth. The combination of the positively actuated gripping-roll, the adjustable
idle roll, the cams at the sides of the positively driven roll, the vibrating frame
actuated by said cams, the yoke by which to adjust the idle roll, its rod or shank,
the sleeve thereon, the hand-wheel, and the spring bearing at its opposite ends
against the band wheel and against the pivoted cross-bar of the cain-actuatod
vibrating-frame, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before set forth.
Seventh. The combination of the frame, the cross head, the lifter tapered to
reduce its thickness gradually from a point near the cross head to its opposite or
free end, and the gripping rolls, substantially as set forth.
-
Eighth. The lifter cut-away next the cross-head and tapered to gradually
increase its thickness from its free end to said cut away part, substantially as
described.

page_text: Ninth. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the lifter,
the pestle, the positively actuated gripping roll, the intermittingly acting gripping
roll, and cam actuated connecting mechanism between said rolls to move the idlo
roll up to the lifter at intervals, as described.
Tonth. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the liftor,
griping-rolls by which it is actuated, the liftor cross head, the pestle, its rod
supported by and movable endwise independently of the cross head, and the spring
for relieving concussion upon the rolls and aiding in overcoming inertia in starting
the lifter and its attachments.
Eleventh. The combination of the lifter cross head provided with an end wise
and shouldered opening, the headed rod fitted therein, the collar on said rod, and
the spring interposed between the collar and cross head, substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
Twelfth. The combination of the cross head provided with an endwise and
shouldered opening, the lifter fitted in the enlarged Baring end of said opening,
the headed rod or shank fitted and movable endwise in the smaller end of said
opening, and having its head confined between the lifter end and shoulder of the
opening, and the spring acting at one end against the shank and bearing at its
opposito end upon the cross head, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before
set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of the
supporting frame, the lifter, the cross head, the eccentric acting on the cross-head,
and its controlling lever.
Fourteenth. The combination of the supporting frame, the lifter, the cross bend,
the eccentric mounted upon a cross-shaft or tie rod of the frame, the lever, and
the rest for the lever, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination of the griping-rolls, the supporting frame, the pestle,
the lifter, and the cross head provided with the projection by which the lifter may
be raised clear of the griping rolls, as described.
Sixteenth. The combination of the mortar having the discharge opening in its
bottom close to its contre, the slido, tho guide way flanges therefor, and the wedge
passing through said flanges and acting upon the shoulder of the slide, as and for
the purpose described.
Seventeenth. The combination of the mortar, the rice turning ring, and the
skeleton supporting and guiding frame therefor, substantially as and for the purpose
herein before set forth.
Eighteenth. The improvements in rice pounding mills and analogous machinery,
substantially as shown by the Drawings and herein before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sydney Pitt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.