IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MACHINES OR MECHANISM FOR SURFACE GLAZING OR GLOSSING LACE, CALICO, AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles James Cox and John Pearson Cox, trading as
Charles Cox and Sons, of the Queen's Road Works, in the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Bleachers and Lace Finishers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MACHINES OR MECHANISM FOR
SURFACE GLAZING OR GLOSSING LACE, CALICO, AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS."
Sealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 6th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charlos James Cox and
John Pearson Cox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the oth
April 1877.
CHARLES JAMES Cox and JOHN PEARSON Cox, trading as Charles Cox and Sons,
of the Queen's Road Works, in the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Bleachers and Lace Finishers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MACHINES
OR MECHANISM FOR SURFACE GLAZING OR GLOSSING LACE, CALICO, AND OTHER
LIKE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with machines or
mechanism for surface glazing or glossing lace, calico, and other like fabrics, and
consists, firstly, in a general arrangement or combination of table and spreading
frame, tension and feed rollers, polishing drum, adjustable pressure rollers, bearing
or glazing plate, lead off roller and guard board, whereby fabrics in lengths can be
passed into and through for obtaining a surface polish or gloss on one or on both
sides, as desired, but of a higher degree than has up to the present been obtained.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the combination of a glossing cylinder with
two rollers arranged above at about an angle of 45° from the horizontal axial line,
said rollers serving respectively to draw the fabric on to the cylinder and to guide
the fabric off. By this combination the fabric is kept in contact with the cylinder
for about one-third of its diameter, and a superior glossing is the result.
The Invention consists, thirdly and specially, in the employment of a segmental
pressing and glazing plate (hollow or solid) in lace and other like glossing or
calendering machines.
Fourthly. In adjustable rollers under and at about the middle only of the main
surfacing drum or cylinder of a lace or like fabric glossing and calendering machine,
to support centre of cylinder and to prevent vibration of same.

page_text: And, Fifthly. In loose-fitting feeding and delivery rollers in combination with
top, cap, and pressure rollers, for adjusting the pressure or nip of said feeding and
delivery rollers upon the fabric passing through a surface glossing machine.
The following is a description of a machine adapted for the purposes of our
Invention:-Fitted above what is termed a spread table is a roller, adjustable as to
pressure by weights upon projecting arms. This roller has double spiral wires or
ribs upon it leading in the reverse direction from the centre, to flatten and to spread
out the fabric as it is leaving the table over which it is drawn. Directly beneath
this ribbed roller is a plain roller covered with woollen fabric or a felt hose, over
which the lace, calico, or other fabric passes on its way to a rod or bar carried by
projecting brackets at the front of the table; the fabric then passes under and over
a series of tension bars or rods up to and over a board leading to the polishing
cylinder of the glossing machine, this cylinder being carried by end bearings and
supported in the middle by two adjustable rollers, which also prevent vibration of
the cylinder while running, and form a special feature in our Invention.
Above the main cylinder or drum, which is hollow and supplyed with steam by
a pipe at one end, is a loose-fitting felt or hose-covered roller, between which and
the cylinder the fabric is nipped and drawn from the spreading table. This roller
is borne upon at its central part by another roller which is kept in contact with
tho desired amount of pressure by weighted arms or levers, as is also a similar
roller which presses upon a second loose fitted roller by which the fabric is led from
the glossing cylinder.
The pressure rollers with the weighted arms are carried and guided vertically
by pins passing through a girder, as is also a kind of cap, within the lower pan of
which, at each of the sides is a roller to bear upon the covered rollers at the central
part, to prevent them springing up under the action of the passing fabric and to
maintain their steadiness while running. The machine thus constructed causes the
fabric to be glossed by the steam heated cylinder on one side only, the cylinder
being supplied with steam at one end by a pipe through its axle or trunnion and
the water of condensation drawn off when desired by a similarly fitted pipe at the
other, the inner end of the latter pipe being bent to act as one leg of a siphon, the
longer leg being outside and provided with a tap to facilitate the water being
drawn off at pleasure.
When the fabric has to be glossed or glazed on both of its sides we fit a segmental
plate (also supplied with steam in a similar manner to the cylinder) above and
upon the cylinder, and cause it to press upon the fabric passing under it by
weighted levers through the intermediation of pinions and racks. The segmental
plate is also an important feature in our Invention and we purpose using it hollow
or solid, as desired, as its fit upon the cylinder maintains the close contact of the
fabric upon and to the cylinder while passing over it, said plate adding con-
siderably to the degree of gloss when glossing by the cylinder only is being effected.
The cylinder is driven by a belt or other agency at one end of the machine, and
tho woollen, paper, or felt covered rollers from the other by a separate belt, pre-
ferably from an overhead shaft, the speed of the rollers being proportioned to the
speed of the cylinder by a step pulley, or as found convenient.
At the lead off side of the cylinder the cap is provided with a guard plate to
prevent the fabric wrapping upon the clothed roller, a curved guard plate being
fixed below to direct the glossed or glazed fabric from the machine, as desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles James Cox and John Pearson Cox in the Great Seal Patent 5
Office on the 5th October 1877.
CHARLES JAMES Cox and JOHN PEARSON Cox, trading as Charles Cox and Sons,
of the Queen's Road Works, in the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,

page_text: Bleachers and Lace Finishers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MACHINES
OR MECHANISM FOR SURFACE GLAZING OR GLOSSING LACE, CALICO, AND OTHER
LIKE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with machines or
mechanism for surface glazing or glossing lace, calico, and other like fabrics, and
consists, firstly, in a goneral arrangement or combination of table and spreading
frame, tension and feed rollers, polishing drum, adjustable pressure rollers, bearing
or glazing plate, lead off roller and guard board, whereby fabrics in. length can be
passed into and through for obtaining a surface 'polish or gloss on one or on both
sides, as desired, but of a higher degree than has up to the present been obtained.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the combination of a glossing cylinder with
two rollers, arranged above at about an angle of 45° from the horizontal axial line,
said rollers serving respectively to draw the fabric on to the cylinder and to guide
the fabric off. By this combination the fabric is kept in contact with the cylinder
for about one-third of its diameter, and a superior glossing is the result.
The Invention consists, thirdly and specially, in the employinent of a segmontal
pressing and glazing plate (hollow or solid) in lace and other like glossing or
calendering machines.
Fourthly. In adjustable rollers under and at about the middle only of the main
surfacing drum or cylinder of a lace or like fabric glossing and calendering machine,
to support centre of cylinder and to prevent vibration of same.
And, Fifthly. In loose-fitting foeding and delivery roller in combination with top
cap or skeleton frame and pressure rollers, for adjusting the pressure or nip of said
feeding and delivery rollers upon the fabric passing through a surface glossing
machine.
The following is a description of a machine adapted for the purposes of our
Invention, and taken with the accompanying Drawings will render it well under-
stood; similar letters of referenco denoting similar parts in all the Figures, as
shown.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I., represent a vertical section of our glossing and glazing
machine; Figures 3 and 4, on the same Sheet, show a side elevation of the same;
Figure 5 on Sheet 2 is a front elevation of the machine, partly in section; Figure 6
on Sheet 3, a front elevation of the feeding and spreading apparatus; and Figure 7,
a plan view of the pressure and glazing plate; whilst Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12,
on Sheet 4, show a modification of the apparatus for feeding and glazing. Fitted
above what is termed a spread table A, in Figures 1, 3, and 6, is a roller B,
adjustable as to pressure by weights C upon projecting arms D. This roller has
double spiral wires or ribs a upon it, leading in the reverse direction from the centre
to flatten and spread out the fabric as it is leaving the table A over which it is
drawn. Directly beneath this ribbed roller B is a plain roller E covered with
woollen fabric or a felt hose, over which the lace, calico, or other fabric F passes on
its way to a rod or bar G, carried by projecting brackets H at the front of the table;
the fabric then passes under and over a series of tension bars or rods I, up to and
over a board J, leading to the polishing cylinder K of the glossing machine, this
cylinder being carried by end bearings L, L, and supported in the middle by two
adjustable rollers M, which also prevent vibration of the cylinder K, while running,
and forms a special feature in our Invention.
Above the main cylinder or drum K, which is hollow, and supplied with steam
through the tap b by a pipe N, at one end is a loose-fitting felt, paper, or hose
covered roller P, between which and the cylinder K the fabric is nipped and
drawn from the spreading table A. This roller is borne upon at its central part
by another roller Q, which is kept in contact with the desired amount of pressure
by weighted arms or levers R, as is also a similar roller S, which presses upon a
second loose fitted roller T, by which the fabric is led from the glossing cylinder.
The pressure rollers U, U, with the weighted arm V, are carried and guided
vertically by pins W, passing through a girder X, as is also a kind of cap or skeleton
frame Y, within the lower part of which at each of the sides is the roller U to bear

page_text: upon the covered rollers P and T at the central part, to prevent them springing
up under the action of the passing fabric and to maintain their steadiness while
running. The machine thus constructed causes the fabrics A to be glossed by the
steam heated cylinder K on one side only, the cylinder being supplied with steam
at one end by the pipe N through its axle or trunnion, and the water of conden-
sation drawn off when desired by a similarly fitted pipe N¹ at the other. The
inner end of this pipe is bent to act as one leg of a siphon, the longer leg Z being
outside and provided with a tap c to facilitate the water being drawn off at
pleasure.
When the fabric has to be glossed or glazed on both of its sides we fit a segmental 1
plate & (also supplied with steam in a similar manner to the cylinder K, though in
the Drawing it is shown as being solid) above and upon the cylinder, and cause it
to press upon the fabric passing under it by weighted levers c through the inter-
mediation of pinions fand racks g. The segmental plate d is also an important
feature in our Invention, and we use it hollow or solid, as desired, as it fits upon 1
the cylinder K, maintains the close contact of the tabric upon and to the cylinder
while passing over it, said plate adding considerably to the degree of gloss when
glossing by the cylinder only is being effected.
The cylinder is driven by a belt h and pulley i or other agency at one end of
the machine, and the woollen, paper, or felt covered rollers P and T from the other 2
by a separate belt j, preferably from an overhead shaft 7, the speed of the rollers
being proportioned to the speed of the cylinder by step pullics 1, 1, or as found
convenient. The shaft k is driven by a strap from a prime mover taking on to the
fast and loose pullies m, m.
At the lead off side of the cylinder the cap Y is provided with a guard plate m 2
to prevent the fabric wrapping upon the clothed roller T, a curved guard plate n
being fixed below to direct the glossed or glazed fabric from the machine, as
desired.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 represent an end view, side elevation, and plan respectively
of a modification of the glazing portion of our machine; in this instance the
bearings of the feed delivery and glossing rollers are carried in end frames L as
before, and similarly driven by gearing and strap pullies as distinctly shown, but
the segmental glazing plate is here dispensed with and a hollow steam heated
glazing roller is fitted in its place; all the rollers bearing upon the fabric to be
treated are in this case heated by steam (through the pipes N, similar pipes being g
fitted at the opposite ends of the rollers for carrying off the water of condensation,
the pressure upon the fabric when passing between the glossing rollers & and K
being regulated by the weighted arms R, R¹, and the weights R, R".
On reference to Figure 10 it will be seen that the connection n between the
weighted lever R' and the glossing roller d is beyond or outside the fulcrum p at
one end of the machine, and between the fulcrum P and the weight R at the other
end; this allows the pressure of the upper roller d on the lower one K to be regu-
lated with the greatest nicety, as it is only necessary to shift the weight R slightly
further from its fulcrum to increase the pressure whilst the weight R" similarly
treated would reduce it, the influence of one weighted lever over the other, that is,
to increase or reduce the pressure being conveyed through the fulcrum shaft p by
one of them being firmly keyed to and turning with it at either end, as clearly
shown in the Drawing.
The roller d is capable of being run in either direction at will, depending upon
the strength of the fabric to be operated upon and the amount of glazing required,
and we accomplish this in the manner shown in Figures 11 and 12.
On the shaft of the roller & runs the wheel s loose, this wheels drives the two
feeding rollers P and T with slower speed than the two glazing rollers K and d.
The wheels receives its motion by the pulley t, which pulley is fast on a sleeve
forming part of the wheel a; u is a ring fastened on the shaft to keep the
wheel and s in place; the pulley vis fast on the roller d. By this arrangement
the wheels and s (in connection with one of the glazing rollers) can be driven in

page_text: one direction, while the roller d can be driven in the opposite direction by
reversing the driving belt on the pulley v at the will of the operator.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,
Firstly. The general arrangement and combination of mechanism shown in the
annexed Drawings (substantially) as and for the purpose described.
Secondly. We claim in fabric glossing machines a glossing cylinder and two rollers
working on upper sides thereof as drawn on and guide off rollers, as set forth and
as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Thirdly. We claim the employment of a segmental pressing plate (hollow or
solid) above and upon a fabric glossing cylinder, said plato serving to gloss or glaze
the opposite side of a fabric to that acted upon by the cylinder, as set forth and
substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Fourthly. We claim as a modification, and in lieu of the segmental pressing and
glossing plate, a roller, as a pressing and glossing roller, driven independently and
weighted to suit the fabric being glossed, said roller being fitted and acting in the
manner described.
Fifthly. We claim the fitting of short rollers as supporters to the central portion
of the main glossing or glazing roller of callendering machines, as set forth and
substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Sixthly. We claim as application to cylinder glossing or calendering machines
an adjustable weighted cap or skeleton frame, provided with prossure rollers acting
upon the feed and draw off rollers for regulating the nip of said rollers upon the
fabric passing through the machine, as set forth and substantially as shown in the
annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles James Cox and John Pearson Cox,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
CHARLES JAB. COX. (L.S.)
JOHN PEARSON COX. (L.S.)