IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL."-A communication
from abroad by Thomas Brooks, of Minerva, in the County of Stark,
and State of Ohio, in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1872.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
5 Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "*IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Thomas Brooks, of "Minerva, in the
County of Stark, and State of Ohio, in the United States of America) to
be as follows:→
"
This Invention relates firstly to the production of a "high steel
adapted to the manufacture of cutlery and other edge tools where clear
sharp edges are required together with toughness and malleability, and
which at the same time shall weld perfectly and solidly without the use
of welding fluxes or other chemical compounds.

page_text: The Invention relates secondly to the employment of certain chemical
compounds in the manufacture of steel.
In carrying out this Invention according to one arrangement I by
preference take the various ingredients in the following proportions,
viz., seventy-four pounds of bar iron, fourteen ounces of tungsten, eight 5
ounces of charcoal, three ounces of manganese, eight ounces of fluor spar
or chlorophane, and subject the same to the usual treatment employed
in converting processes in a smelting pot.
Where it is required to produce a finer quality of tool welding steel,
two and a half ounces of calcium tungstate are substituted for the 1
tungsten, using the charcoal, manganese, and fluor spar or chlorophane as
above recited.
To produce a "file steel," by preference, take about seventy-four pounds
of Bessemer scrap or rail bar, one and a half pounds of cast iron, or two.
pounds of fluor spar or chlorophane, one half ounce of manganese, one 1
and a half ounces of charcoal, one ounce of bismuth are employed and
treated in a smelting furnace.
According to another arrangement seventy-four pounds of wrought
bar iron, fourteen ounces of tungsten, fourteen ounces of spiegelisen,
eight ounces of charcoal, one half ounce of black oxide of manganese are 2
used and subjected to the usual treatment employed in converting pro-
cesses in a crucible.
In the above-described processes it is preferred to use "Swedish roll
bar" of the KB brand, as it is found to be very free from impurities and of
very uniform quality, for which reason one can obtain satisfactory results 2
with more certainty than by the employment of any other well-known
brand of iron. When using this particular grade of iron it is preferred to
use the ingredients in the proportions named, but not so as to be confined
to the same, as they will vary according to the kind of iron to be operated
upon.
The steel produced from these ingredients and by these processes will
weld without the usual chemicals employed for that purpose, will make
tools capable of receiving clean sharp edges, and be perfectly malleable
and tough

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer
and Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special license,
that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," a communication to me from abroad by
Thomas Brooks, of Minerva, in the County of Stark, and State of Ohio, in
the United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Peter Jensen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
The Invention relates, firstly, to the production of a "high steel"
adapted to the manufacture of cutlery and other edge tools where clean
sharp edges are required, together with toughness and malleability, and
which at the same time shall weld perfectly and solidly without the use
of welding fluxes or other chemical compounds.

page_text: The Invention relates, secondly, to the employment of certain chemical
compounds in the manufacture of steel.
In carrying out the Invention according to one arrangement, I, by
preference, take the various ingredients in the following proportions,
viz., seventy-four pounds of bar iron, fourteen ounces of tungsten, eight &
ounces of charcoal, three ounces of manganese, eight: ounces of fluor
spar or chlorophane, and subject the same to the usual treatment
employed in converting processes in a smelting pot.
When it is required to produce a finer quality of tool welding steel I
substitute two and a half ounces of calcium tungstate for the tungsten, :
using the charcoal, manganese, and fluor spar or chlorophane as above
recited.
To produce a "file steel" I, by preference, take about seventy-four
pounds of Bessemor scrap or rail bar, one and a half pounds of cast iron,
or two pounds of fluor spar or chlorophane, one half ounce of manganese,
one and a half ounces of charcoal, one ounce of bismuth, and treat the
same in a smelting furnace.
According to another arrangement I take seventy-four pounds of
wrought bar iron, fourteen ounces of tungsten, fourteen ounces of
spiegel eisen, eight ounces of charcoal, one half ounce of black oxide of
manganese, and subject the same to the usual treatment employed in
converting processes in a crucible.
In the above-described processes I prefer to use "Swedish roll bar" of
the K B brand, as I find it to be very free from impurities and of very
uniform quality, for which reason I can obtain satisfactory results with
more certainty than I can by the employment of any other brand of iron
with which I am acquainted. When using this particular grade of iron
I prefer to use the ingredients in the proportions named, but I do not
confine myself to the same, as they will vary according to the kind of
iron to be operated upon.
The steel produced from these ingredients and by these processes will
weld without the usual chemicals employed for that purpose, will make
tools capable of receiving clean sharp edges, and be perfectly malleable
and tough.
I am aware that a low steel, usually called a homogeneous steel, will
weld without the use of fluxes, but this is but one step removed from

page_text: wrought iron, has in fact the fibrous texture of wrought iron, and is made
of wrought iron just as it is coming "to nature" by adding a very small
proportion of carbon. It cannot be properly called a steel, and although
it may be profitably employed for tires, axles, and similar heavy work,
will take neither an edge nor temper in such manner that it can be
employed for tools or cutlery.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the means by which the same may
be carried into effect, I would have it understood that I do not claim a
low homogeneous steely wrought-iron, nor do I confine myself to the
exact proportions of the ingredients stated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what
I do claim is,-
Firstly. A high welding tool steel which will weld without the use of
chemicals, compounds, or fluxes, produced substantially as described.
Secondly. The use of tungsten, charcoal, manganese, and fluor spar
or chlorophane, in the manufacture of steel, substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. In the process of converting iron into steel, calcium, tungstate,
in combination with the ingredients stated, substantially as set forth.
Fourthly. In the process of converting iron into steel, bismuth in com-
bination with the ingredients used to produce a finer quality of file steel,
as described.
Fifthly. In the process of converting iron into steel fluor spar or
chlorophane in combination with the ingredients used to produce file
steel, as described.
Sixthly. The use of tungsten, spiegel aisan, charcoal, and black oxide of
manganese in the manufacture of steel, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year
One Lord One thousand sight lundred and soventer then