IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING PIPES AND TUBES, OR IN FORMING OR SECURING THE JOINTS THEREOF
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Oscar Octave Lesourd, of Paris, in the French
Empire, but temporarily residing in Panton Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Barrister, for the Inveution of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING
PIPES AND TUBES, OR IN FORMING OR SECURING THE JOINTS THEREOF."
A communication from abroad by Jules Lemoine, of 34, Rue Saint
Paul Paris France.
Sealed the 25th March 1862, and dated the 1st October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Oscar Octave Lesourd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st October 1861.
I, OSCAR OCTAVE LESOURD, of Paris, in the French Empire, but tem-
porarily residing in Panton Street, in the County of Middlesex, Barrister, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOINING PIPES AND TUBES. OR IN FORMING OR SECURING THE JOINTS THEREOF."'
communicated to me from abroad by Jules Lemoine, of 34, Rue Saint
Paul, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a joint formed with a view to
prevent or resist leakage or waste of the gas or other matter conveyed through
the pipes or tubes. For this purpose a box is placed or fitted over the joint
junction or nearest ends of the pipes or tubes, into which box is introduced a
cement or other substance, herein-after called the "scaling" agent; after
which the box is sometimes removed, but sometimes left on. It is preferred
CRS/1

page_text: to form the box in two or more pieces, connected by hinge joint, binding
ring, or otherwise, and to keep it in place on the pipes or tubes by collars,
and to furnish it with a screw or other instrument for closing or tightening
it; and to construct it with an opening for admitting the "sealing" agent.
It is mostly desirable to form the box with ends or necks fitting closely
round the tubes. The sealing agent may sometimes be applied to plaster or
coat the outside of the box, or to close it where its necks or ends surround the
pipes, either instead of or in addition to the introducing of the sealing agent
within it. The mechanical joint or pipe end that I prefer to use is a socket
fitting, that is, the end of one pipe, which is formed with a collar, entering a
mouth or socket formed at the end of the other of larger diameter than tho
body of the pipe, and terminating in a flange. I use as a sealing agent a
material proper for closing, securing, completing, or forming the joint, with
a view to render it as tight, sound, or secure as may be.
The sealing agent that may be adopted in many cases is sulphur in a state
of fusion, alone or mixed with peroxyde of iron, or with red or yellow ochre,
or other ingredient, and at a temperature of at least 170° ceutigrade; but
other substances may be used for "sealing," such as lead, tin, alloys, and
metallic amalgams, resins, gums, pitch, gelatine, alumina soap, gum lac,
copal, melted metallic salts, caoutchouc, gutta percha, vegetable and marine
glue, and other matters alone or combined with other ingredients. To
facilitate the adhesion of the scaling agent to metal surfaces, I sometimes
oxydise and roughen the latter file fashion or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Oscar Octave Lesourd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st April 1862
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, OSCAR:
OCTAVE LESOURD, of Paris, in the French Empire, but recently residing
temporarily in Panton Street, in the City of Middlesex, Barrister, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Oscar Octave Lesourd, Her special licence that I, the said Oscar Octave
Lesourd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the

page_text: said Oscar Octave Lesourd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINING PIPES AND TUBES, OR IN FORMING OR SECURING THE
JOINTS THEREOF," cominunicated to me from abroad by Jules Lemoine, of
34, Rue Saint Paul, Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Oscar Octave Lesourd, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Oscar Octave Lesourd, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what inauner the same
is to bo performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to obtain an improved joint for pipes and
tubes, with a view of preventing or resisting the leakage or waste of the gas
or other matter conveyed through the pipes or tubes. For this purpose a box
is placed or fitted over the joint, junction, or nearest ends of the pipes or
tubes to be joined or secured, into which box is introduced a cement or other
substance herein-after called the "sealing agent," after which the box is
sometimes removed, but sometimes left on. It is preferred to form the box of
two pieces connected by hinge joint, binding ring, or otherwise, and it is pre-
ferred to keep it in place on the pipes or tubes by collars, and to furnish it with
It is constructed
a screw or other instrument for closing or tightening it.
with an opening for admitting the "scaling agent."
It is mostly desirable to form the box with ends or necks fitting closely
round the tubes. The sealing agent may sometimes be applied to plaster or
coat the outside of the box, or to close it where its necks or ends surround
the pipes, either instead of or in addition to the introducing of the sealing
agent within it. The mechanical joint, fitting, or pipe end that I prefer to
use when the box is applied, is a form of the socket fitting, that is, the
fitting in which the end of one pipe is formed with a collar, and enters a
mouth or socket formed at the end of the other pipe, the socket being of
larger diameter than the body of the pipe, and terminating in a flange.

page_text: :.
The sealing agent" is a material proper for closing, securing, completing,
or forming the joint with a view to render it as tight, sound, or secure as
may be, and the agent to be adopted for this purpose is, in many cases,
sulphur in a state of fusion alone, or mixed with peroxyde of iron, or with
red or yellow ochre, or other similar ingredient, and at a temperature of at
least one hundred and seventy degrees centigrade, or three hundred and
thirty-eight degrees Fahrenheit; but other substances may be used as the
scaling" agent, such as lead, tin, alloys, and metallic amalgams, resins,
gums, pitch, gelatine, alumina, soap, gum lac, copal, melted and marine gluc,
and other matters alone or combined with other ingredients. To facilitate
the adhesion of the sealing agent to metal surfaces, the metal may be
sometimes oxydized and roughened file fashion or otherwise.
I proceed to exemplify the best means known to me for performing the
Invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 a section, showing two pipes
secured together according to this Invention; Figure 3 is a view of the box
detached; and Figure 4 a plan of the box open; Figure 5 is a section showing
a modification; Figure 6 exemplifies the Invention applied to a branch pipe
junction; Figure 7, half of box for same detached. a, b, are the two pipes to
be secured; c is a box or case, preferably of metal, though other materials
may be used; it is formed hollow for the reception of the sealing agent, and is
open at the ends to fit round the pipes; dis an opening (of which there may
be two or more at the top of the box) for the admission of the sealing agent;
another opening & should be formed at the top of the box for the exit of nir
when the scaling agent is run in. In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the box c
consists of two parts or halves hinged together at e; f is a screw by which the
box is secured when closed over the pipes; the screw, entering threaded lugs
9, on the edges of the box, or instead of a screw a smooth pin (fitting in
smooth eyes) or other means of attachment may be used. In Figure 6 the
box consists of two separate or detached halves or pieces which, when on the
pipes, are held together by pins fand by metal or other straps h, h, secured in
place, when tightened up, by pins i, i, or springs or other fastening agents may
be used; j, j, Figure 5, are collars on the pipes a, b, for keeping the box c
steadily in place. They may be cast on or formed with the pipes, or attached
thereon after manufacture. In Figure I the pipes terminate in a socket
fitting of the form the Inventor prefers when applying bis process, but his
process may be applied to other pipe ends, such as flanged ends, as in Figure 5,
er ends soldered together, as in Figure 6, or to other ordinary pipe ends. The
box e may be of round. square, or oval section, or of other convenient shape;

page_text: the forms shown are suitable, but others may be used; the ends of the box
may sometimes be closed by plates or covers having orifices through them for
the pipes to pass through. The box may be manufactured in various ways;
for example, it may be cast or formed in one piece upon a wood or metal
core or mandril and then sawn or cut into halves, or each half may be cast
or otherwise produced separately. and the two halves hinged or jointed
together, or they may remain separate till connected upon the pipes. The
edges where the halves meet should be formed so as to lie closely together.
The inside surface of the box is sometimes roughened, like a grater, to cause
the agent to adhere.
The mode of using the box c is thus:-The pipe ends a, b, are brought
together, and one half of the box claid under them at their junction or place
of meeting,and the cther half closed down upon the first half,so that the pipe
ends are enclosed in the box. its ends fitting round the pipes. The box is then
fastened by screw straps or otherwise, and the "scaling agent" is run into it
by a funnel, spoon, or otherwise, and allowed to cool, dry, or set. If it be
sufficiently adhesive it will then admit of the removal of the strapsh, Figure 6.
And indeed if the sealing agent be sufficiently consistent, and the nature of
the soil allow, the box c itself may sometimes be removed after the sealing
agent has set, leaving the latter round the pipe ends as if moulded by the
box. In this case the inside of the box should be first greased or damped,
so that it may readily part from the sealing agent. The sealing agent may
sometimes be injected by an instrument or syringe, like those used by
sweetmeat manufacturers, or plungers working in a cylinder with ejection
orifice, the cement being thus forced in the box, and the air or water, if there
should be a leak, expelled from it. If there is no special air orifice k formed
in the box c, the feed opening should be sufficiently large to allow that when
the feed funnel spout is inserted room should be left round it for the air to
escape. The sealing agent may be used hot or cold, but must be in a suffi-
ciently fluid or semi-fluid state so that it may be run into the box. The
inaterial selected must be one on which the gas or other fluid conveyed shall
exert little or no action, such as metallic alloys or amalgams, and the other
substances before mentioned, to which may be added wax. melted salts of
metal, caoutchouc, or gutta percha, vegetable glue, aloes, sugar, treacle or
molasses, and syrups alone or combined with other matters; however, the
selection of the particular material, and the temperature at which it is to be
used, depends on the soil in which the pipes are laid or similar considerations,
so that no definite directions can be laid down on this head.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention,and in what manner

page_text: the same may be performed, I declare that I claim joining pipes and tubes or
forming or securing the joints therecf by means of a box to be used with a
scaling agent," as herein-before described.
In witness whereot, ], the said Oscar Octave Lesourd, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
DOLLON.
OSCAR OCTAVE LESOURD. (L.S.)