matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barnes and Joseph Willis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1879.
JOHN BARNES and JOSEPH WILLIS, both of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KITCHEN RANGES."
This Invention relates to a novel construction of kitchen ranges whereby we are
enabled to utilize the ordinary or open fire place or grate for the purposes of cooking
in a more efficient manner than hitherto.
The Invention consists principally in the use of a movable oven, with a double
casing having open spaces between the inner and outer one, around and through
which the flames and heat pass.
Instead of making the oven a fixture in one side of the kitchen range as hereto-
fore, we mount it upon a sliding rack which is capable of being moved to and fro by
means of a pinion gearing into the rack, and a winch handle..
When the fire place is not required for cooking purposes it has the appearance of
an ordinary cottage kitchen range with the oven on one side, but when it is required
for cooking, the oven is drawn sideways (say from right to left) by means of the
rack and pinion until it is over the fuel in the grate, the flames and heat then pass
through an opening in the under side of the outer casing of the oven, and around
the inner casing so that the oven is thoroughly heated, and thence to the flue or
chimney.
There is an additional flue which leads from the fire place under one side of the
range (say from whence the oven had been moved) to the main flue or chimney.
This flue is for heating kettles, pans, or other vessels, and is provided with
movable plates above.
There is also a damper provided at the top of this flue which may be opened or
closed as required, and another above the oven for the same purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF TRUNKS OR COVERED WOOD BOXES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kay and James McCulloch at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1879.
JOHN KAY and JAMES MCCULLOCH, both of the Firm of Thomas Kay, Son, and
Company, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Packing Box
Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF TRUNKS OR
COVERED WOOD BOXES."
This said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of
covering the outsides of the wood cases of trunks, and such like wood chests or
boxes of or for making these into trunks, which will be more durable, and have a
more pleasing or ornamental appearance than such trunks have been as heretofore
constructed. And the nature and novelty of the Invention consists in covering the
said cases or boxes as trunks with sheet tin, not hitherto used for this purpose,
known as crystallized tin with various crystallized or frosted appearance on the
outer surface, and coated either with pure or coloured varnish to give various
coloured crystallized effects; or the sheet tin might have the surface painted,
printed, or coated in imitation of various fancy woods, or have other fancy or
ornamental designs formed on them, all as such sheet tins have been and are made
for other purposes.
But the improvements of this Invention consist in the use and adaptation of
these fancy sheet tins to the covering of such trunks or cases, and in making the
sheets of convenient sizes for so doing with the least possible waste, the plates
being jointed preferably by turned-in edges shipped into each other, and either beat
down close on the inside next the wood, or soldered when preferred along the joint
to keep out wet. These trunks so made can also be ornamented with bands of thin
metal, like hoop-iron or angle iron (black varnished or otherwise japanned or
coated) nailed over the sheet tin at the edges or corners, or round, across, or along
the middle portions, preferably secured by broad or other ornamental brass stud
headed nails clenched on the inside of the case, which would strengthen the whole
and thoroughly secure the sheet tin to the outside of the trunk without special
nails for the purpose; or if these are used they might be inserted below where the
bands are placed, and so would not be seen disfiguring the pattern tin whero
exposed to view, which iron bands and stud headed nails would make such trunks

page_text: when rounded at the edges look like portmanteaus or portmanteau boxes. And
when desired longitudinal thin straps, bands, or bars of wood may be nailed over the
sheet metal to prevent the ornamented surfaco from getting worn by rubbing on
other boxes or luggage in transit, as in some other kinds of portmanteau form of
boxes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REDUCING TO A FINE POWDER THE MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHINA AND EARTHENWARE, AND FOR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hales Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1879.
WILLIAM HALES TURNER, of Tunstall, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REDUCING TO A FINE POWDER THE MATERIALS
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHINA AND EARTHENWARE, AND FOR
PURPOSES."
OTHER
This Invention has for its object improved means of reducing to a fine powder
the materials used in the manufacture of china and earthenware and for other
purposes.
For this purpose I employ a machine constructed by preference with a cylindrical
centre part tapering towards each end, and having one or two hollow trunnions or axles
of large diameter, the same being supported or carried by friction rollers and driven
by belt, spur, or other as may be most convenient. The material to be ground
or reduced is fed into the machine through 'one axle and drawn off through the
opposite axle when sufficiently fine by means of a draught of air or other gas
produced by fan blower or other means, and conveyed through suitable chambers
where the material of its own gravity may fall to the bottom to be conveyed by
creeper, worm, or other suitable means into casks, or into an agitator to be mixed
with water as may be required
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH CANDLES FOR GIVING SIGNALS OR INDICATIONS WHEN THESE HAVE BURNT A CERTAIN LENGTH OF TIME."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Leopold Field at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1879.
CHARLES LEOPOLD FIELD, of Upper Marsh, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH CANDLES FOR
GIVING SIGNALS OR INDICATIONS WHEN THESE HAVE BURNT A CERTAIN LENGTH OF
TIME."
According to my present Invention I cause the burning away of a candle to
effect, after a certain predetermined interval of time, the closing of an electrical
circuit, whereby an alarm or signal is actuated, adapted for waking a person asleep,
or otherwise drawing his attention to the fact that the said interval of time has
elapsed. For this purpose I provide, firstly, a cap which is placed on the upper
end of the candle so as to surround the wick, and to which is connected the one
terminal wire leading from a small electric battery, thermo electric pile or dynaino
magneto electric machine; secondly, I provide a clip to which the other terminal
wire of the battery is connected, and which can be fixed at any point on the candle
below the cap. Both the cap and the clip have metallic contact pieces in electric
connection with their terminal wires, and so arranged that when by the burning away
of the candle the cap has sunk down so as to approach the clip the said contacts
touch each other, and in thus closing the circuit cause an alarm or signal included
in the circuit to be actuated. For determining the exact position of the clip
on the candle so as to insure that the said contact shall be made at the end of a
certain interval of time after lighting the candle, either the candle may be marked.
with divisions indicating hours or other subdivisions of time, or a separate scale
may be provided marked with such divisions, so that by holding such scale against
the candle the clip can be set in position thereby. The electric battery and alarm
bell may conveniently be enclosed in the holder or candlestick, which may also
have a receptacle for containing the cap and clip when not in use. When a bell
is used as the sounding instrument, this may conveniently also constitute the
socket in which the candle is fixed. Instead of the lower contact being attached
by a clip to the candle itself, as described, it might be arranged as a slide on a
graduated vertical bar at the side of the candle, and in this case there might be two
or more such adjustable contacts on the bar connected by branch wires to one and

page_text: the same circuit, so that the cap with the other contact, piece, in consecutively
making electrical connection with such contacts, will cause several signals at
corresponding intervals of time to be given. There may in addition to the
signalling instrument attached to the candle stick, one or more other signals
included in the electrical circuit situated at different localities so as to give signals
to persons at such localities.
A NOVEL SAFETY STEP FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE ORDINARY FOOT BOARDS AT PRESENT EMPLOYED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1879.
FREDERICK CARTER, of Queen Street Foundry, Romford, in the County of Essex.
"A NOVEL SAFETY STEP FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE
ORDINARY FOOT BOARDS AT PRESENT EMPLOYED."
My Invention has for its object the prevention of those accidents which are of
such frequent occurrence arising chiefly from the accidental opening of railway
carriage doors. This I accomplish in a very simple and efficacious manner by
making the act of opening the carriage door to be the means of projecting a
quadrantal shaped step traversing a space equal to that taken by the door and the
extent to which it is opened.
In carrying out my Invention I arrange on each side of the outside of the
carriage door a pair of brackets or rods of ornamental design, and connected to the
before mentioned step at a convenient and safe depth from the level of the carriage
floor. The said step may either work through an opening formed in the side
bearer or beam of the under part of the carriage, with suitable guard plate attach-
ment; or where the depth will not be too great to allow of the chances of accident,
the step and guard plate attachment may be arranged below the said side bearer or
beam. The said step travels on the top of a grooved guide pulley, with by pre-
ference an india rubber ring let thereinto; and a lug or stop is provided to limit
the extent of the play or travel of the step, the maximum amount of which is equal
to the full extent to which the door is opened.
With a view to further ensure safety I form a ridge round the outside of the
step and secure fillet or ridge pieces to the treading surface and fill up the whole
with any suitable foothold material to form a gripping surface and prevent accidents
from slipping.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF GENERATING STEAM INSTANTANEOUSLY, AND THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Marie Bathias at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1879.
CLAUDE MARIE BATHIAS, of Paris, in the French Republic, Engineer Mechanic.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF GENERATING STEAM INSTANTANEOUSLY, AND THE
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
My Invention relates to obtaining instantaneously steam produced by a
tubular apparatus immerged into a metal in fusion, lead for instance, or into any
liquid, such as oil, which protect the metals against the heat of the fire-places,
though obtaining immediately variable pressures as required by approaching or
removing the combustible.
The producing of instantaneous steam would have an invaluable importance
from a triple point of view, viz., the quickness of obtaining pressure, the diminution
of the volume of the generating apparatus, the economy of fuel, and would admit
of many applyings which the now used boilers have not allowed to realize, amongst
others, utilizing steam to light vehicles on roads or in streets.
Essays formerly made consisted to put the generating tubes into direct contact
with the fire-places; thence, complete failure. The tubes nearest to the combustible
disintegrating rapidly, and those sometimes placed little far of, affording a calorific
power almost insignificant. In other terms the solution was twofold defective,
either from the point of view of generating steam or from the point of view of the
durability of the material.
By plunging a serpentine into a vessel containing any liquid, as for instance, oil
boiling at 230°, or any molten metal, as amongst others tin or lead, which melt at
220 to 335°, and by placing such vessel into direct contact with the fire-places, the
calorific transinission will be consequently. powerful. It will moreover be regular,
as the liquid or the molten metal in the vessel will transmit the calorific power to
the remotest tubes as well as to those nearest to the combustible.
The calorific power therefore will be distributed in very advantageous conditions
for obtaining from the combustible the greatest effect, and moreover the tubes
plunged continually into a bath will be protected indefinitely against any dete-
riorations being the immediate consequence of the contact of incandescent fire-
with the metala

page_text: To these advantanges, viz., better utilizing the calorific power and preserving of
the generating apparatus may be added by this arrangement the possibility of
increasing or diminishing instantly, as required, the pressures in the boiler.
And for this purpose the fire-box, which is of a conical shape, as also the sides
of the receptacle, in the interior of which it is placed, is made movable.
If therefore the fire-place is lowered instantly, the pressure is diminished, and
vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BEAMING YARN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smalley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1879.
JOSEPH SMALLEY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BEAMING YARN."
The object of this Invention is to beam yarn direct from the spinning bobbin or
spool without the usual winding and use of winding bobbins as heretofore
employed.
According to this my Invention the leading end of the yarn as spun and when
being wound upon the spool bobbin (or upon the spindle) is left loose or projecting;
the bobbin and yarn or spool tube and yarn are mounted upon supporting pins and
frames in rotation, so that the leading end of one yarn or end may be twisted or
secured to the finishing end of the yarn on the next spool or bobbin, and so on, the
yarn thence passes to the beaming machine, and when the yarn is wound from the
first spool or bobbin, its leading end being secured to the finishing end or the
portion of yarn last spun and wound upon the next spool, the yarn from spool or
bobbin number two will be beamed, and so on, the loose finishing end of one spool
being twisted or connected to the next yarn continues the supply to the beam
without stopping, and without the use of the ordinary creel bobbins, avoiding the
great loss of time heretofore necessary for replacement of empty bobbins.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE ACTUATED BY AN EXPLOSIVE FLUID OR GAS, PART OF WHICH ENGINE MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER GAS ENGINES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Graddon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1879.
66
JAMES GRADDON, of Stanstead Road, Forest Hill, in the County of Kent, Engineer.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE ACTUATED BY AN EXPLOSIVE FLUID OR
GAS, PART OF WHICH ENGINE MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER GAS ENGINES."
The object of my Invention is to produce a motive power by means of hot air or
gas produced from mineral oils, peat, coal, or any other substance or fluid of any
description. I propose allowing such gas to be mixed with air or separate,
or in combination with the above, and thus produce motive power when allowed
to pass into valves which I propose connecting with a cylinder or cylinders
which are fixed on a pedestal or a frame which contains bearings for the driving
shaft and fly wheel or wheels, and I propose placing the piston or pistons of such
cylinders so as they may work in opposite directions by connecting a piston rod to
the centre of one of them, and allowing it to pass through a trunk or box containing
packing, and the head of this rod is attached to a connecting rod, and thus
connected with a circular plate or plates employed to form a crank or cranks, and
the piston which contains the packing box is by means of connecting rods attached
to the same crank, so as the two pistons may work in opposite directions as the
pressure from oil, spirit, or any other explosive matter, or from steam from
boiler or boilers or otherwise produced may be allowed to act between the two
pistons. I also propose working the slide valves connected with the cylinder or
cylinders by means of eccentrics, the friction of which I propose reducing by means
of small wheels placed so as to work in contact with the outside ring thereof.
I also propose a wheel or wheels so as they may work in a cylinder or cylinders.
for the purpose of producing or mixing the gas from the spirits with the air, and I
propose giving motion to the wheel or wheels in the cylinder by a cylinder or
cylinders, the pistons of which is forced out by means of oil or spirit by a small
pump or otherwise. I also propose working the motive power pistons by gas or
fluid forced from a receiver containing explosive matter by pumps or otherwise
compressed. I also propose forcing in the explosive matter when in solution by
injectors or inspirators worked with gas or compressed air, and when I employ
those cylinders or cylinder for explosive engines, I propose igniting the gas or

page_text: explosive matter by means of flame produced by gas or electricity or other chemical
compounds. I also propose working the pumps by means of levers or otherwise
compressing air by means of a trunk connected with the motive power cylinder, and
the crank shaft I propose mounting in a bearing or bearings. The crank shaft or
shafts are in bearings containing rollers or small wheels, in packing boxes to
prevent friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton and
Peter William Willans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st January 1879.
ROOKES EVELYN BELL CROMPTON, of the Mansion House Buildings, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, and PETER WILLIAM WILLANS, of Bow, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineers. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN ELECTRIC LIGHTING."
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the controlment of the advance of
the clectrode as it wastes under the electric action.
The carbon or other electrode is of disc or cylindrical form, and it is caused
to rotate either by the electric current, or by clockwork, or other suitable
mechanism.
The rotation of the electrode is for the purpose of presenting fresh surfaces for
action.
The rotating electrode is supported in such a manner as to allow of its axis
being moved towards the light as the electrode diminishes in sizo.
A roller, pulley, or other contrivance is kept in contact with the periphery of the
rotating electrode by a spring, or weight, or otherwise.
This roller, pulley, or other contrivance is supported in such a manner that as
the electrode diminishes in size the roller, pulley, or other contrivance advances
towards the centre of the electrode under the influence of the spring or weight.
The roller, pulley, or other contrivance is connected by means of a combination
of levers, screws," wheels, or other mechanism with the axis of the rotating
electrode.
By this mechanism the axis of the rotating electrode is advanced towards the
light as the roller, pulley, or other contrivance approaches the centre of the
electrode.
Electrodes controlled as indicated may be arranged to operate with other electrodes
similarly or otherwise controlled, or with stationary electrodes.
IM- PROVED METHODS OF PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING THE ESCAPE FROM VESSELS OF FLUIDS CONTAINING GASES UNDER PRESSURE."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Benjamin Dancer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1879.
66
JOHN BENJAMIN DANCER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. IM-
PROVED METHODS OF PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING THE ESCAPE FROM VESSELS OF
FLUIDS CONTAINING GASES UNDER PRESSURE."
This Invention is applicable to vessels and bottles intended to contain aerated
fluids of various kinds.
During the process of making the bottles intended to contain aerated fluids, a
valve is introduced before the neck or mouth is contracted. This valve may be
made of any suitable substance not acted on by the fluids which the bottles are to
contain. In form this valve may be spherical, conical, or flat, and partially covered
with india rubber or some other yielding material. This valve has a screwed wire
attached to it. Just below the mouth of the bottle, inside the neck, a cavity is
formed as a seat for the valve.
When the bottle is filled with the aerated fluid, the pressure from within forces
the valve into its seat (the bottle being in an inverted position), and the screwed
wire is projected through the mouth of the bottle.
A metal cover perforated with holes or a metal cross piece or cap is screwed on to
this projecting wire, and by the act of screwing the cap down, the valve inside the
bottle is drawn up firmly into its seat, thus securing the fluid and gas from
escaping by accident.
When any of the aerated fluid is required to be withdrawn, the bottle is to be
inverted over a tumbler or other vessel, the cap slightly unscrewed, and the valve
pushed back, and when the required amount of fluid has escaped the cap is screwed
up again.
In order to draw off the aerated fluid with greater convenience, I attach to the
edge of the perforated cap two or more pieces of wire or thin slips of metal, the
ends of which are turned up into open loops.
When the perforated cap is screwed into its place, these metal slips or wires are
pressed close to the rim of the bottles, the loops being bent in just below the rim.
A wire is then passed once or more times through these open loops round the neck
of the bottle, the ends of the wire being twisted together, but not so tight as to

page_text: prevent the loops and the perforated cap from being turned easily round in the act
of screwing or unscrewing. The operation of letting fluid escape from the bottle is
in this case under more control than in the first named case. The perforated cap
is kept down on to the top of the bottle by the looped ends of the wire or metal
slips pressing against the edge of the rim of the bottle. The act of unscrewing 5
therefore forces the valve back, which can be effected very gradually if requisite.
The wire which passes round the neck of the bottle through the loops need not be
untwisted until the bottle has to be refilled with a fresh solution, and thus the
perforated cap is secured from being lost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1879. [A communication
from abroad by Clement Ader, of Paris, France.]
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES." [A communication from abroad
by Clement Ader, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to the construction of telephones, so as to utilise in a novel
manner a peculiar principle which may be thus expressed. An electric current
undulating in a coil enclosing a bar of magnetic material produces molecular
vibrations in the coil itself, and also in the bar. But in order to render these
vibrations appreciable as pulses of sound, either the coils must be quite free among
themselves, or the bar must be very small, or subject to a constant strain of some
kind, whether tensile, compressive, torsive, or transverse. The last condition is of
chief importance for the transmission of sounds without the use of a vibrating
plate. The bar thus strained may be either of soft iron or of steel magnetised,
and may be connected to any sonorous body. It may be made and arranged in
combination with the coil in many different forms. For example, it may be a
straight bar which passes through the middle of the coil, and is loaded at the end
or pressed on by a weight or spring, or subjected to the torsive action of a weight
or spring, and has its end bearing against a sounding board or plate, or against a
lever which bears against such a board or plate. Otherwise, it may be bent to
various curvatures, its curved end or ends being put under strain by the pressure
of a board or plate. Moreover, several such bars with their coils may be com-
bined in one instrument, or one bar may be surrounded by several coils, and the
electric currents may be led in either direction through these coils.
SLIDING LID FOR MATCH-BOXES, CIGAR BOXES, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Brie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1879. A communication
from Hugo Gerike, Engineer, of Berlin.
"IMPROVED
MARTIN BRIE, Merchant, of Berlin, Commandanten Strasse, 26.
SLIDING LID FOR MATCH-BOXES, CIGAR BOXES, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES.'
communication from Hugo Gerike, Engineer, of Berlin.
A
The object of this Invention is to combine with the sliding lid of match- or
cigar-boxes or other receptacles a mechanism by which the lid may be opened with
facility and which causes it to close automatically.
The mechanism consists in the first place of two presser-bars projecting with their
ends through the opposite side-walls of the case, and pushed outward by suitable
springs. These bars act each by a stud on the short arm of a bell-crank lever
pivoted inside of a special compartment of the box. The long arms of the levers
when not acting lie parallel to each other, but when the presser-bars are pushed
inward by a pressure of the fingers the said long arms are projected outward from
the box, and open, as it were, like a pair of shears. The ends of the arms, which
are each provided with a stud moving in a guide attached to the lid, cause the
latter to slide in its grooves, i.e., to open. When the pressure is taken off the presser-
bars, the force of the springs closes the lid again.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TRANSMITTING MOTION FROM ONE CONE DRUM TO ANOTHER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Swallow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1879.
JOHN SWALLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF TRANSMITTING MOTION FROM ONE CONE DRUM TO ANOTHER."
My Invention consists in transmitting motion from one cone drum to another by
means of a friction disc or friction discs. I use by preference a pair of friction discs
running loose in suitable bearings in a movable bracket or on shafts extending the
full distance between the bearings of the cones; these friction discs run opposite
cach other one on each side of the cones, and between them, and with their
peripheries as near together as is practicable.
The conc drums may be placed in any position with their axes parallel. I apply
pressure to the bearings of the cone drums or to the bearings of the friction discs in
order to obtain the friction necessary for transmitting the power.
In order to move the discs to regulate the speed I attach a rod to the movable
bracket, but this may be done in any other convenient manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER INTENDED FOR STAMPS, CHEQUES, OR OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND IN INK FOR USE THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1879. A communication
from abroad by Henry Mellville Walker, Lawyer, and John Hendrichs, Litho-
grapher, both of New York City, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER INTENDED FOR STAMPS, CHEQUES, OR OTHER
DOCUMENTS, AND IN INK FOR USE THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from abroad by Henry Mellville Walker, Lawyer, and John Hendrichs,
Lithographer, both of New York City, United States of America.
The Invention consists in dipping ordinary paper in any aqueous solution of
sulphate of copper and carbonate of ammonia, and then drying the same, and finally
dipping it in an alkaline solution of cochineal or other equivalent coloring matter
mixed with alum and glycerine, the quantities of the various substances being
conveniently as follows:-For the aqueous solution one pound of sulphate of copper,
one pound of carbonate of ammonia, 8 gallons of water; the alkaline solution being
8 gallons of water, one pound of cochineal or equivalent, two ounces of carbonate of
potash or other alkali, half an ounce of alum, and two pounds of glycerine. Also
in making ink by mixing the following substances approximately in the proportions
hereinafter stated:-
Bichromate of potash
Copperas
Oxalic acid
-
Red prussiate of potash
Extract of logwood
Glycerine
3 oz.
3 oz.
40%.
-
1 oz.
•
3 oz.
-
2 oz.
and a suitable quantity of any convenient red, blue, or other pigment.
Should any acid be applied to the so prepared paper in order to remove the
improved ink the paper will change its color, and any attempt to restore the original
color will again change the color of the paper. The ink prepared as described is
intended to be used for producing cancelling marks on the paper above described.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR SECURING THE POLES OF FOUR WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oswald Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1879.
OSWALD JONES, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVED
MEANS FOR SECURING THE POLES OF FOUR WHEELED VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the poles of carriers' and other vans or
waggons, omnibuses, and other such like vehicles being surreptitiously abstracted
when the vehicle is out of use. It is customary to remove the pole from its socket
and place it beneath the vehicle out of the way when the horses are unharnessed,
and the van or other vehicle is left standing in the yard or other place; and when
the pole of a vehicle has been accidentally broken it has been a common practice
for the driver or carman to exchange the broken pole for a sound one belonging to
another vehicle standing in the same yard, so that it is difficult if not impossible
for the employer to fix the responsibility for the damage upon the proper person.
Now the purpose of my Invention is to permanently attach the pole to the
vehicle, and at same time allow of its being fixed in the socket in the ordinary
way, and removed therefrom and placed beneath the vehicle when not in use as
usual. The Invention therefore consists in a "pole fastener" constructed of a length
of chain secured at one end to a metal band or hoop encircling the pole, and fixed
to it just above the part which enters the pole socket on the fore carriage, and at
the other end to a weighted rod or bar pendant from the rear part of the fore
This bar is free to swing,
carriage or other fixed point in rear of the fore axle.
and is weighted at the lower extremity to which the chain is attached, the purpose
of the weight being to draw the chain back over the fore axle, so as to hang
behind the latter out of the way of the horses, as the chain being necessarily of
sufficient length to enable the pole to be drawn out of the socket and laid beneath
the van therefore hangs down loosely in a loop when the pole is fixed in the
socket.
Instead of a weighted bar or rod it may be a continuation of the same chain,
the weight being fixed on it at a short distance from the rear end. The band or
hoop round the pole also serves to strengthen it where extra strength is desirable.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bentley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1879.
THOMAS BENTLEY, of Margate, in the County of Kent. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention relates to an improvement in umbrellas and parasols with the
object of obviating the obstruction to the view and consequent to the inconveniences
(such as collisions with other wayfarers) attending their use when not upheld
vertically, but inclined to an angle or held nearly horizontally to protect the
bearer from a driving rain or the rays of a sun not in its zenith.
I propose to effect my object by providing the umbrella or parasol with one or
more outlets, which I propose to form either by cutting out a piece or pieces from
the silk or other covering of the umbrella or parasol, and covering the opening
thus made with a piece of gauze or any knitted, woven, or other pliable openworked
fabric or material, which may be of any shape, be of the same colour as that of the
covering, or form a design of any colour or colours thereupon, or the covering
might be woven with an openwork pattern forming an outlook or series of
outlooks.
The meshes of the outlooks will be sufficiently open to form but little obstruction
to the view, while giving protection against a beating rain, and I need scarcely
observe that the outlet must be formed of some soft pliable material which will
follow the folds of the umbrella or parasol when closed and tightly twisted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LEATHER CUTTING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Putland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1879.
PHILIP PUTLAND, of St. Janies Street, in the County of Middlesex, Machine
Boot-closer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEATHER CUTTING MACHINERY."
The object of my Invention is to effect the thinning or paring (commonly termed
skiving) and the bevilling of edges of leather by means of a mechanically or
manually driven rotating knife, in a more effectual and economical manner than is
at present effected by hand or machine.
My apparatus consists of a shaft or axle carried by two suitable pedestals or
upright bearings, in which the axle is capable of rapid rotation.
It may be driven either by hand, by foot, or by any suitable mechanical power.
If by hand, the axle should be supplied with a small heavy wheel and handle with
multiplying gear if necessary, similar to the arrangements in use with sewing
machines.
Again if the axle be driven by foot, the apparatus should be fixed on a table with
suitable treadle, crank wheel, and cat-gut band as in the usual sewing machine..
If driven by power, the axle need only be fitted with a suitably grooved or plain
pulley to be driven by the ordinary cat-gut or plain leather band.
The axle is fitted between the pedestals or bearings with a helical knife, of which
the blade has its inside broad face towards the axle, and the cutting edge in the
direction of motion. It is secured to the rotating axle by one, two, or more stems,
which pass into slots in the axle, and are held in position by thumbscrews and nuts,
or by any other convenient method of adjustment.
The blade of the knife is arranged helically or in the form of a steep pitched
screw thread relatively to the rotating axle so that when cutting, one extreine end
of the knife cuts first, and the remainder of the blade comes successively into
operation along the face of the leather. This gives a sliding cut to the knife, and
not a direct thrust, and is therefore very effective in thinning, paring, skiving,
or bevilling the leather.
Underneath the knife is a smooth feeding table on which the leather is fed to the
ID 571

page_text: knife to be thinned, pared, skived, or bevilled. The knife is either adjustable in
height from this table, or the table may be adjustable to the knife.
The feed of the leather may be effected either by the hands of an operator or by
means of a hand clamp to facilitate the handling of short pieces, or a mechanical
arrangement of feed rollers or step feed may be driven either from the axle by
suitable connections or by hand, to feed the leather forward under the knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND CYLINDER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1879. A communication from
Reinhold Holtz, of Oevelgonne, and Hermann Haedicke, of Kiel, both in the
Empire of Germany.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND CYLINDER
STEAM ENGINES." A communication from Reinhold Holtz, of Oevelgonne, and
Hermann Haedicke, of Kiel, both in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates more especially to three cylinder engines, and consists,
first, in the mode of expanding the steam, that is, in letting the steam work in a
small cylinder with full pressure or only little expansion, and in expanding it after-
wards successively in a second and third cylinder. Also in the arrangement of
steam ports and distribution of steam, by which during the forward motion the
steam works independently in all three cylinders, that is, like steam in an ordinary
single cylinder engine, while when the motion of the engine is reversed the steam
expands in the second and third cylinder as above described. Also in a compen-
sating valve which in case of too great expansion or too low pressure connects the
front with the back of the piston. The three cylinders are preferably placed
parallel and vertical, their pistons driving the same crankshaft, and the steam
acting only on the top of the pistons. The distribution of the steam takes place at
the inner surface of the cylinders, the latter being provided near the middle of
their height with three ports placed opposite two cavities in the surface of the
pistons, which cavities serve to establish communication between the said ports
when required, each piston serving as a slide valve for the adjoining cylinder in
such a manner that the steam coming from the steam chest is admitted by the
third piston to the canal leading to the top of the first cylinder, while the first
piston admits steam to the top of the second cylinder, and the second piston admits
steam to the third cylinder, from whence it is exhausted into a condenser or
the air.
PROVEMENTS IN INKPOTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION_left by Walter Cruttwell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1879.
WALTER CRUTTWELL, of Frome, in the County of Somerset, Gentleman.
PROVEMENTS IN INKPOTS."
"IM-
In order to prevent the pen being dipped too far into the inkpot I propose to
have a small substance floating on the surface of the ink, and kept by a simple
contrivance in the centre of the inkpot, free to rise or fall with the rise or fall of
the ink. The pen on reaching this float will easily push it far enough under the
surface to enable the pen to take up a sufficient supply of ink, and the surface of
the float being smooth and without edges will be always free from dirt or sediment.
The float may be made of cork or wood with a surface of zinc, or of wood or cork
alone, or of any other suitable materials. A simple contrivance for keeping the
float in the centre of the inkpot might be constructed as shown in the accom-
panying Drawing. a, a, a, a, is a stout piece of brass or other wire bent double in
the middle, so as to form two parallel uprights an eighth or a quarter of an inch or
other suitable distance apart, and fixed at the bottom into a fiat piece of lead c of
about the size of the float, so that the apparatus may stand of itself on the bottom
of the inkpot, the bent end reaching not further than the top of the inkpot (so that
the lid may be closed), and being pushed back against the hinge. These uprights
pass through two holes at the back of the float b, which is thus always kept in the
proper position, and is free to be pushed under the surface by the pen, and to riso
and fall with the level of the ink. The pen is guided by the upright on to the
float, which may thus be of very small dimensions if desired. This contrivance
might be used with existing inkpots of most patterns, the uprights being made of
different lengths to suit the height of different sized inkpots. The apparatus would
merely have to be placed bodily into the inkpot, and would require no fixing or
attention whatever. With newly manufactured inkpots the float might be applied
in many different ways, and the above is intended merely as a specimen of the way
in which it might be applied to existing inkpots.
The advantages of my Invention are obvious, and are, it is claimed, obtained in
a very much more simple and inexpensive form than by any method at present
in use.
AN IMPROVED INK OR COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED TO WRITING PENS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by Lèon Fargue, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED INK OR COMPOSITION TO BE APPLIED TO WRITING
PENS." [A communication from abroad by Leon Fargue, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improvement to be applied to pens of all kinds as
sold in commerce to enable them to write without ink. The Invention consists of
globules or beads of color, which are made to adhere by pressure to the cavity of
the pen, whereupon the pen acquires the property of writing without ink by being
merely dipped in water, and this for a great length of time.
The globules or beads may be of any form, and may either be put up for sale in
boxes, attached to cards, or otherwise, and the ink yielded when dipped in water
may be of any color.
The following is the mode of preparing the globules of color:-I use any
coloring matter capable of yielding a writing ink, but preferably those derived
from coal tar, as being more brilliant, and in general highly plastic. The coloring
matters are agglutinated, preferably by means of hot water, with such adhesive
matters as gum, glucose, honey, or bygrometric matters, such as glycerine, in pro-
portions varying according to the chemical or physical nature of the coloring matter
employed.
The following proportions give good results:-
Blue
Glycerine
1000 Violet
500 Honey
1000
250
From the paste thus produced the globules of color are obtained by heating the
preparation to bring it to a liquid state, and then dividing it in any suitable
manner, by means of a brush, for example, and afterwards allowing it to dry, the
globules in all cases remaining sufficiently plastic to be capable of being applied to
the pens by pressure. In very dry or cold weather the coloring matter may be
softened by breathing on it to aid in ensuring its adhesion to the pen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF A PLASTIC CEMENT, AND TO ITS APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PRACTICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Sauvée, of 22, Parliament Street, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF A PLASTIC CEMENT, AND TO ITS APPLICATION TO VARIOUS
PRACTICAL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Louis Emile Jannin,
of Paris Branca
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Albert Sauvée at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1879.
ALBERT SAUVÉE, of 22, Parliament Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF A PLASTIC CEMENT, AND TO
ITS APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PRACTICAL PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Louis Emile Jannin, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to the preparation of a plastic cement which is herein
denominated Jannin's cement, and to its application to various practical purposes.
This cement is simply a mixture in suitable proportions of yellow oxide of lead
(the quality known as massicot being preferable) with glycerine. Several other
metallic oxides or certain other inert or not inert matters may be mixed with the
cement, so as to suit the quality or the colour of the cement to the nature of the
work to be produced, but the two essential compounds of this cement are yellow
oxide of lend and glycerine. The proportion of oxide of lead and glycerine will
vary according to the consistency of the cement which you wish to obtain and
which will be regulated by the various applications. The proportion of glycerine
will of course be larger for a very soft cement than for a stiff cement; it is not
necessary therefore to specify the exact proportion of each of the two essential
compounds.
This cement is specially adapted for moulding those objects which require an
extreme delicacy in the lines of the cast, such as engraved blocks and plates, formes
of printing type, photoglyptic plates, &c., &c.
Under the influence of gentle heat it sets in a few minutes, and then resists
perfectly both pressure and heat. When set it is also a very good substitute
for natural lithographic stones, and it can replace them for many practical
purposes.

page_text: It can also be used for artistic reproductions, such as fac similes of terra cotta,
whose colour and sonorous quality it possesses.
Though setting to great hardness in a few minutes it does not shrink.
Having so described this cement I therefore claim under my Invention to be
henceforth known as Jannin's cement,-
1st. The mixture of yellow oxido of lead with glycerine, which when submitted
to a gentle heat sets and hardens in a few minutes.
2nd. The application of this cement to the moulding of any objects which require
great delicacy of lines, either using the cement to make the mould and to take a
cast from it.
3rd. The application of this cement for the manufacture of artficial litho
stones.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Sauvée, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
A. SAUVEE. (La)