IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR USE IN BREWERIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of
Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR
USE IN BREWERIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Ferdinand Fanta, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sealed the 18th November 1879, and dated the 24th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1879.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR USE IN BREWERIES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES." (A. communication from abroad by Ferdinand Fanta, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.)
This Invention relates to improvements in refrigerating apparatus suitable for
refrigerating beer and other liquids. In a suitable casing or chest are arranged a
number of parallel passages of annular ellipsoidal cross section, through which the
liquid to be refrigerated is caused to flow in one direction, whilst the refrigerating
liquid passes in a directly opposite direction on both the interior and exterior
surfaces of the annular ellipsoidal passages containing the liquid that is being
cooled, the casing or chest being so shaped or formed in the direction of the length
of such passages, as that narrow spaces are formed between the casing or chest
and the exteriors of the tubes or casings containing the liquid to be refrigerated or
cooled. The passages for the liquid to be refrigerated communicate one with
another at the respective ends alternately, so as to form separate continuous
channels for the flow of the liquid from its inlet into its exit from the apparatus,
and the passages for the refrigerating liquid also communicate one with another at
or near the respective ends alternately. At the bottom of the apparatus are draw
off cocks connected with the lower ends of the various passages constituting the
series, by which means either or both of the liquids may be drawn off from any
particular section of the apparatus, or other liquid may be supplied through the
said cocks, as for instance, well water when it is desired to lower to a greater
extent the liquid in process of refrigeration. The apparatus is provided with
trunnions and rests on bearings in which it may be turned bodily, thus facilitating
the taking to pieces and access for repairs and cleaning.

page_text: The apparatus may be fed with the liquid to be refrigerated and the refrigerating
liquid or one of them, through the said trunnions or any other convenient part of
the apparatus.
The chief features of the Invention may be stated as follows :-
'
1. The arrangement of thin flattened pipes concentrically and in the centre of a
passage of similar section, so as to produce three distinct passages which are
traversed by the liquids in shallow bodies; the one liquid travelling in one direction
in the central and exterior passages, and the other liquid in a contrary direction in
the intermediate passage, so as to be completely enveloped.
2. The combination of arrangements whereby oscillatory movement may be
imparted to the apparatus, and arrangements for the end joints allowing of
expansion, ensuring tightness, and presenting facilities for the rapid and easy
taking apart for cleaning.
3. The application of various draw off cocks for the liquids, each of which cocks
may be isolated from the others, and by each of which well or iced water can be
introduced at the bottom of any part for the purpose of lowering with certainty the
degree of the liquid to be refrigerated. Likewise, the application of clearing out
cocks arranged at the upper part for the easy and complete evacuation of the
confined air.
4. The application of trunnions by which when required the liquids may be
caused to enter and flow out, and which allows of the apparatus oscillating, and
thus renders the taking apart and cleaning more easy.
Apparatus as described may be constructed of any suitable material and shape or
form, and may be applied in various cases where an exchange of temperature is
wanted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
November 1879.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7. Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR USE IN BREWERIES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES." (A communication from abroad by Ferdinand Fanta, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.)
This Invention relates to improvements in refrigerating apparatus suitable for
refrigerating beer and other liquids. In a suitable casing or chest are arranged a
number of parallel passages of annular ellipsoidal cross section, through which the
liquid to be refrigerated is caused to flow in one direction, whilst the refrigerating
liquid passes in a directly opposite direction on both the interior and exterior
surfaces of the annular ellipsoidal passages containing the liquid that is being
cooled, the casing or chest being so shaped or formed in the direction of the length
of such passages, as that narrow spaces are formed between the casing or chest and
the exteriors of the tubes or casings containing the liquid to be refrigerated or
cooled. The passages for the liquid to be refrigerated communicate one with
another at the respective ends alternately, so as to form separate continuous
channels for the flow of the liquid from its inlet to its exit from the apparatus; and
the passages for the refrigerating liquid also communicate one with another at or
near the respective ends alternately. At the bottom of the apparatus are draw-off
cocks connected with the lower ends of the various passages constituting the series,
by which means either or both of the liquids may be drawn off from any particular
section of the apparatus; or other liquid may be supplied through the said cocks,
as for instance, well water when it is desired to lower to a greater extent the liquid
in process of refrigeration. The apparatus is provided with trunnions and rests on
bearings in which it may be turned bodily, thus facilitating the taking to pieces
and access for repairs and cleaning.
The apparatus may be fed with the liquid to be refrigerated, and the refrigerating
liquid or one of them through the said trunnions, or any other convenient part of
the apparatus.
The chief features of the Invention may be stated as follows:-
1. The arrangement of thin flattened pipes concentrically and in the centre of a
passage of similar section, so as to produce three distinct passages which are
traversed by the liquids in shallow bodies; the one liquid travelling in one direction
in the central and exterior passages, and the other liquid in a contrary direction in
the intermediate passage, so as to be completely enveloped.
2. The combination of arrangements whereby oscillatory movement may be
imparted to the apparatus, and arrangements for the end joints allowing of
expansion, ensuring tightness, and presenting facilities for the rapid and easy
taking apart for cleaning.
3. The application of various draw off cocks for the liquids, each of which cocks
may be isolated from the others, and by each of which well or iced water can be
introduced at the bottom of any part, for the purpose of lowering with certainty
the degree of the liquid to be refrigerated. Likewise, the application of clearing-
out cocks arranged at the upper part for the easy and complete evacuation of the
confined air.
4. The application of trunnions by which when required the liquids may be
caused to enter and flow out, and which allows of the apparatus oscillating, and
thus renders the taking apart and cleaning more easy.
Apparatus as described may be constructed of any suitable material and shape
or form, and may be applied in various cases where an exchange of temperature is
wanted.

page_text: Fig. 1 shews a refrigerator partly in elevation and partly in section; Fig. 2 is a
vertical cross section of the upper part through the centre of one of the sets of
passages; and Fig. 2bis is a similar section of the lower part; Fig. 3 is a horizontal
cross section through several sets of passages; Fig. 4 is an outside view shewing
the construction of the upper and lower covers, which form chests, which should be
of metal and covered with a coating which will not affect beer; Fig. 5 is a plan
view from above of the inlet chest on the left hand upper part of the apparatus;
Fig. 6 is an arrangement for allowing the passage of air, not that of the liquid,
which facilitates the feeding, or filling and emptying; A, A', are the two main
portions of the apparatus, which however may be made in three lengths or main
parts for facility of construction; B, B, are inner central fiat tubes of thin
copper; C, C, tubes surrounding the tubes B, and of similar section; D, the lower
tube plate of brass in which are set, soldered, or brazed, the lower ends of the
tubes C; G, the upper tube plate similar to the lower one, and which receives in a
similar manner the upper ends of the tubes C after the parts A, A', which con-
stitute the outer casing have been put together. The oval tubular construction of
this case is shewn clearly in Fig. 3; E, E, are flanges bolted together with the tube
plate D interposed; F is the lower casing (of brass); F¹, the upper casing; H, H, are
fastening bars; I, I', are covers closed by the fastening bars and their screws
against sheet rubber seats or packing, thus making joints; K is the inlet pipe for
beer; K¹, the outlet pipe for the refrigerated beer; L, the inlet pipe for the
refrigerating liquid; L¹, the outlet tube for the said liquid; d, another inlet for
refrigerating liquid; and d¹, second outlet for such liquid; a, a, are the central
conduits formed by the tubes B in which the refrigerating liquid moves in the
direction of the arrows; these conduits receive at their ends small thin blades k, k',
serving as stays to prevent collapse of the tube under the pressure of the joint; b, b,
are cast iron partitions in the casing forming with the other walls of this casing
passages in which the flattened tubes are arranged; c, c, are spaces or conduits
between the interior surface of the casing and the tube C, aud in which spaces the
refrigerating liquid entering by the tube L circulates, and follows the course
indicated by the arrows m, n; e, space between the two tubes B and C through
which the beer or liquor to be cooled (entering by the tube K) flows, that is,
travels in a contrary direction to the surrounding two currents of refrigerating
liquid; c, c, alternate end apertures establishing communication between the
exterior conduits c at the respective ends alternately; c", c¹¹, similar openings
establishing communication beteen the intermediate conduits e, e, at the respective
ends alternately. The two tubes L, d, may be connected at a common point, and
both fed by a two-way cock arranged to admit steam in place of water, so as to
give an uniform temperature to the whole apparatus for dilatation, whilst another
injection of steam entering by the tube K or K' cleans or rinces out the passages
designed for the beer to flow through; M, M¹, are two trunnions formed with or
attached to the apparatus on which it can be equipoised and made to oscillate when
the flanges of the end tubes are set free or disconnected. I may cast these
trunnions on to the upper part A¹ which carries the inlet and outlet tubes, in which
case these trunnions are each furnished with two passages and provided with
stuffing boxes, each passage being fed separately. One of these conduits serves as
a passage for the beer going from one trunnion to the other in passing through
K and K. The other which conveys the water or refrigerating liquid branches
into two passages L, d, and d¹, L', at the inlet and outlet. In this manner the
refrigerator may oscillate without the necessity of unfastening any flanges. Or
I may cause the liquids to arrive by a single hollow trunnion, preferably vertical, in

page_text: the form of a pivot, in which case the apparatus turns round like a weathercock.
The pivot or trunnion may be in one with the apparatus, or may be fixed and
enveloped by a stuffing box cast on to the part A¹, which carries on its side
conduits communicating with K, L, d, with K¹, L³, d¹.
This latter arrangement has the advantage of causing the air to be removed as
the apparatus is filled.
When the apparatus oscillates on two trunnions, either solid or hollow, thus
allowing it to take a horizontal position, the feeding of each of its compartiments
or zones a, c, e, (when such feed is necessary) is effected by corresponding orifices
h, i, g, each being provided with a cock placed low down.
The casing of the apparatus A, A¹, having been put together, each of the tubes
C is fixed to the tube plates D, G, by setting, rivetting, soldering, or otherwise.
Each of the smaller or inner tubes B is on the contrary held in position at its ends
in such a manner as to allow of removal, and cleaning of the inside of the tube C.
For this purpose sheet caoutchouc, asbestos, or other elastic material is arranged
around the end of the tube C, and the edges of the covers I, I, are caused to press
against such material so as to make a tight joint, as clearly indicated in Figs. 2
and 2bis. The tops of the covers I, 11, are provided with small air holes under the
points of the tightening screws. Upon these screws being slightly slackened, air
can escape (whilst filling) or can enter the apparatus; whilst is being emptied, air
may be allowed to leave the apparatus in a similar manner as shewn, to effect the
evacuation of the air at the tops of each of these covers, as at p, p, q, q, by means
of the arrangement indicated in Fig. 6. This arrangement consists in providing a
small hole at the upper part of each of the three compartments which is suitably
countersunk and tapped, and in which are cut two or three small grooves or
channels somewhat deeper than the thread. In each such hole a screw is inserted,
the conical head of which beds on the countersunk part of the tapped hole like a
valve. The head of this screw is nicked, or may be polygonal, and is screwed down
by means of a screw driver or spanner, precisely to such a point that the air, but
not the liquid, may be allowed to pass.
It is to be remarked that these arrangements are useful only where the tubes
work vertically, not where the apparatus is worked horizontally. The apparatus
may be used for all kinds of liquids, for causing one to refrigerate or abstract
heat from another.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and explained the manner of
carrying it into practical effect as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have
it understood that I do not claim generally the use of flattened tubes, or causing
the refrigerating liquid to travel in a contrary direction to the liquid to be
refrigerated, but what I do claim is,-
1. Arranging thin flattened tubes in a casing substantially as herein before
described and illustrated, so as to cause the liquid to be refrigerated or cooled, to
circulate in a thin annular sheet or stream between and the reverse way of two
thin sheets or streams of refrigerating liquid, and to enable the central flattened
tubes to be readily removed for cleaning the apparatus, or other purpose.
2. Arranging the apparatus on trunnions so that it may be oscillated, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes specified.
3. Providing the apparatus with hollow trunnions, constructed and arranged
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
4. Arranging the apparatus to turn on a pivot, substantially in the manner and
for the purposes specified.
5. The arrangements described and shewn for admitting air to the several
compartments of the apparatus, and allowing air to escape therefrom as required.
6. Arranging and securing the end covers, as described and shewn.
7. The combination of parts constituting the improved refrigerating apparatus

page_text: constructed, arranged, and operating, as herein before described and shewn in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)