In the method of Displaying Advertisements therein.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1887
Complete Left, 10th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 8th June, 1888
In the method of Displaying Advertisements therein.
We JOHN HUBERT DAVIES, of 14 Augustus Road, Hammersmith, in the county of
Middlesex, and ALFRED THOMPSON, of 50 Old Broad Street, in the city of London,
Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
--
This invention relates to improvements in "automatic" coin freed electrical
machines, and to improvements in the method of displaying advertisements in
"automatic" machines generally; the object being to provide means whereby the
electric current may be caused to start, on the machine being brought into
operation, from zero and gradually increased in strength, with a time limit to its
duration; to protect the machine against fraudulent use; and to automatically display
advertisements when the machine is brought into operation.
With an induction machine arranged to give an electric shock on the passage of au
intermittent current of electricity through a coil of wire a very appreciable shock is
given even when the conditions are such that the weakest effects for which the coil is
arranged are produced, and when working with a battery power sufficient to give a
strong enough shock under the most favourable conditions. The suddenness of even
this comparatively weak shock when the current is "turned on is very unpleasant
and may be avoided by starting the intermittent battery current while the coil of wire
in which are induced the high tension currents is in such a position as to be
uninfluenced by the magnetic field produced by the battery current.
The first part of our invention provides methods for effecting this improvement.
Instead of winding, as is usual, both the primary and secondary wires on a hollow
cored bobbin in which is placed a movable iron core, or a fixed iron core with a
movable metallic tube sliding over it, to vary the strength of the induced currents we may
wind only the secondary wire on the hollow cored bobbin, and on the movable iron

page_text: core wind the primary wire so that the iron core and primary may be caused to slide
in or out of the hollow core of the bobbin ; when this system is entirely outside the
bobbin its magnetic effects on the secondary wire are so slight that no appreciable
current is induced therein, but by sliding it into the hollow core of the bobbin
gradually increasing currents are induced in the secondary wire.
With the same secondary wire bobbin as above described we may use an iron core
of double the length required in the above described arrangement, and on this wind
two primary coils in opposite directions, each coil being wound to about the same
length as the secondary bobbin, when the space between these two primary coils is in
the centre of the length of the secondary bobbin they produce opposite and equal
magnetic effects on the secondary wire, and their sum being nil, no current is induced
when, however, the primary system is moved from this central position in either
direction along the axis of the bobbin increasingly strong currents are induced in the
secondary wire. Similarly two secondary and two primary coils may be employed
wound in opposite directions so that when the primary coils are quite inside the
secondary coils the strongest currents are induced, but by relatively moving the
primary and secondary systems gradually decreasing currents are induced until a zero
is reached. The magnetic effect of the primary on the secondary coil may also be
varied between a zero and a maximum by constructing the coils as annuli and
mounting them, pivotally, in the same plane so as to allow of angular adjustment one
to the other. Or again a primary and secondary coil may be wound on one core and
a second primary or secondary coil be moved relatively to it so as to neutralise or
increase the effect.
33
We prefer to arrange the mechanism for "turning on the current so that the coin
on being dropped into the machine falls on one arm of a lever thus depressing it and
causing it to complete the battery circuit and free the mechanism.
This lever and a catch with which a hook on the lever may engage when the lever
is depressed by the coin are attached respectively one of them to the induction
apparatus hereinbefore described and one to a handle which may be moved from the
outside of the machine. On moving this handle the lever and catch engage,
immediately before the coin is "tripped," and the further motion of the handle causes
the strength of the induced current to increase by bringing into action one or other
of the methods as hereinbefore described. The hook on the lever is so arranged that
it is released from the caich and the primary circuit broken by the lever flying up
when the handle is moved backwards to a predetermined amount and no further
current can be obtained until another coin is inserted in the machine. The coins may
actuate the lever for making electrical contact and freeing the mechanism by their
weight or impact as above described, or by their size; in the latter case the coin, or
coins, would be received in a suitable receptacle on the lever and would act as a
distance piece between it and an inclined plane so arranged that the motion of the
handle placed outside the machine causes the depression of the lever.
In cases where it may be desirable to limit the time during which an electric shock
can be obtained from the machine for one prepayment, we cause the first part of the
motion of the outside handle to wind up clock work which will only run for a
determined time and then stop the current, the further motion of the handle causing
the increase in the strength of the current by one or other of the methods as hercin-
before described. The motion of the handle may be longitudinal or angular, or it
may be partly longitudinal and partly angular.
To prevent fraud we insert a pivotted and balanced inclined slide onto which the
coin passes when inserted in the machine, if the coin is too small it passes straight
through this slide and into a receptacle without affecting the mechanism, but if it is
of the proper size and weight it is stopped by two pins on the slide, its weight causing
the slide to tilt and thereby allowing the coin to drop into a shoot which carries it
into the mechanism below. The height of this "coin balance" above the mechanism
may be increased so as to give any desired impact when the coin falls.
When it is desired to automatically display an advertisement each time the machine
is brought into operation, a number of cards, carrying the advertisements, are placed

page_text: in light frames attached to an endless chain or band passing over rollers. These
cards, or their equivalent, may be placed close together, face to face, and are so
arranged that at a certain point where they pass over a roller they are separated
angularly so as to display the advertisement at any convenient aperture, the outside
handle hereinbefore referred to serving to impart motion to the endless chain or band
and so to the system of advertisements connected thereto.
Dated thio 7th day of Datohu 1007
F. SEATON SNOWDON,
Agent for the Applicants.
in the Method of Displaying Advertisements therein.
We, JOHN HUBERT DAVIES, of 14 Augustus Road, Hammersmith, in the County
of Middlesex and ALFRED THOMPSON, of 50 Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
Our Invention relates chiefly to electrical machines, which are so constructed that
they can be operated when, but not until, a coin is inserted therein. Our said inven-
tion, however, also comprises improved means for displaying advertisements.
One object of our said Invention is to provide means whereby an electric current
will be generated on the machine being brought into operation, and may be caused to
commence imperceptibly or very feebly and to gradually increase in strength, with a
time limit to its duration. Another object of our said invention is to protect the machine
against fraudulent use, and a further object of our said invention is to provide for the.
automatic display or changing of advertisements when the machine is brought into
operation.
With induction machines as heretofore constructed arranged to give an electric
shock on the passage of an intermittent current of electricity through a coil of wire,
a very appreciable shock is given even when the conditions are such that the weakest
effect for which the coil is adapted is produced, and when working with a battery power
sufficient to give a strong enough shock under the most favourable conditions. The
suddenness of even this comparatively weak shock, when the current is "turned on,"
is very unpleasant.

page_text: This objection is obviated in our improved machine by starting the intermittent
battery current while the coil of wire, in which are induced the high tension currents,
is in such a position as to be uninfluenced by the magnetic field produced by the battery
current. We accomplish this result as follows, that is to say, instead of winding, as
is usual, both the primary and secondary wires on a hollow bobbin in which is placed
a movable iron corn or a fixed iron core with a movable metallic tube fitted to slide
upon it to vary the strength of the induced currents, we wind only the secondary wire
on the hollow bobbin, and on the movable iron core we wind the primary wire so that
the iron core and primary may be caused to slide in or out of the hollow bobbin and
the secondary. When the said core and primary wire are entirely outside the bobbin
and secondary, the magnetic effects on the secondary wire are so slight that no appre-
ciable current is induced therein, but by sliding the said core and primary into the
bobbin and the secondary, gradually increasing currents are induced in the latter.
With the secondary wire bobbin as above described, we sometimes use an iron core
of double the length required in the above described arrangement, and on this we wind
two primary coils in opposite directions, each coil being wound to about the same
length as the secondary bobbin, when the space between these two primary coils is
midway, or about midway between the ends of the secondary bobbin, they produce
equal and opposite magnetic effects on the secondary wire, and the sum of these effects
being nil, no current is induced; when, however, the primary system is moved from
this central position in either direction along the axis of the bobbin, currents increasing
in strength are induced in the secondary wire.
Similarly two secondary and two primary coils are, in some instances, employed
wound in opposite directions so that when the primary coils are completely within the
secondary coils, the strongest currents are induced, but by moving the primary and
secondary systems relatively to each other from this position gradually decreasing
currents are induced until the zero point is reached. It is obvious therefore that by
moving the said coils in the reverse direction from the zero-point the current will be
started feebly and gradually increased in strength. The magnetic effect of the primary
on the secondary coil is, in other instances, varied between a zero and a maximum by
constructing the coils as annuli and mounting them pivotally in the same plane so as to
allow of the angular adjustment of one relatively to the other. Or a primary and
secondary coil are wound on one core and a second primary or secondary coil arranged
to be moved relatively to it so as to neutralize or increase the effect.
In the accompanying drawings we have shown how our said Invention may he con-
veniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the box or casing showing the mechanism in
rear elevation some of the parts being removed.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a rear elevation showing a modification of our said Invention.
Figure 4 is a transverse section showing another modification thereof.
Figure 5 is a side elevation showing a device hereinafter described for automatically
displaying advertisements.
Figures 6 to 10 are various views showing further modifications hereinafter
described.
A is the box or casing of the apparatus. B is a bracket carrying parts of the
mechanism. C, C are chambers constructed within the said box or casing for
containing the electric battery. D is the induction coil, the core D' of which is attached
to a rack 12 fitted to slide longitudinally in a guide D³ attached to the inside of the
front of the casing A. The rack D2 is geared with a pinion D fixed on an arbor or
shaft D which extends through the front of the casing A and which has fixed upon its
outer end a hand or pointer for indicating upon a dial De the strength of the
current. The said rack D2 is, moreover, provided with a stop D* adapted to bear
against the guide D³ and thus limit the motion of the said rack as hereinafter
described.
E is a handle for operating the apparatus as hereinafter described. A bell-crank
lever E is fixed on the rod or stem E2 of this handle and a lever F is pivoted at F¹ to

page_text: the long arm E3 of the said lever E. The other arm E of the said lever E is
provided with a projection E to which may be attached a chain, cord or other suitable
means for working a device hereinafter described for the automatic display of adver-
tisements. A stop E° fixed to the casing A is moreover provided to limit the motion
of the lever E when turned to actuate the apparatus. A spring E* is connected at
one end to the long arm E3 of the lever El and at the other end to the bracket, B, for
effecting the return movement of the said lever and other parts. A projection E is
provided on the long arm E³ of the said lever E which bears against a
Hange D attached to the rack D². The lever F is provided with a pin or stud F3
which projects beneath a coin-chute G, and with a hook F³ adapted to engage
with a catch or stud H on the rack D³. A piece of nonconducting material I
is let into the lever F immediately above the catch or stud H, so that when the said
lever is moved into contact with the catch or stud H by the coin or coins falling
down the chute G upon the pin or stud F2, the circuit will not be completed until the
mechanism is operated by the handle E in the manner hereinafter described. A stop J
is attached to the casing A in such a manner that, if the handle E is turned without
first inserting a coin in the chute G, the projection F* upon the extremity of the arm F
will come in contact with the said stop J and thus prevent the operation of the
machine.
K is an electro-magnet for reversing the current this magnet is provided with an
armature L carried by a spring L' which is adjustable by means of a screw L³. M is
an adjusting screw which serves as a contact. The spring L when vibrated by the
magnet L will make and break contact with the said screw M.
The catch or stud H passes through the rack D² from which it is suitably insulated,
and is provided with a projecting part or portion H which, when the rack D² has
been moved a sufficient distance to bring the pointer upon the dial De by means of the
pinion D1 to 80 or any other desired limit, forms electrical connection with the contact
piece H and thus completes the circuit of and rings an electric bell H³.
N is another handle fixed in the casing A and insulated therefrom.
C', C are the cells forming the battery, which are placed in the chambers C. The
wires lead from one pole of the battery to the switch O' from this switch the
wire I continues the circuit to the primary wire of the induction coil D. The said
connection is then continued through the wire Q to the electro-magnet K from which
it passes through the bracket B to the rack 12 and catch or stud H, which is connected
to the other pole of the battery through the wire T. The secondary coil is connected
by the wire R to the bracket B and when the lever F is in contact with the stud H,
the current can pass through the said bracket and stud to the lever F and thence to
one of the handles. The said secondary coil is connected with the other handle by the
wire S.
The bell H³ is placed in the branch circuit U, and is provided with an electro-magnet
preferably wound with wire of very high resistance, so as not to take up too much of
the current, when the bell is rung as hereinafter described.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, that is to say :-When a coin is
dropped into the chute G, it falls upon the pin or stud in the lever F, thus
depressing this lever and bringing it into contact with the stud or catch H and at the
same time permitting the mechanism to be operated by turning the handle E. On
moving this handle, the hook F3 of the lever engages with the stud H immediately
before the coin is "tripped by the withdrawal of the pin or stud F2 from beneath it,
and the insulating block or piece I in the lever F is removed from the stud or catch H
and the battery circuit completed through the metal of the lever F. The further
motion of the handle E causes the strength of the induced current to increase by
moving the core D¹ into the secondary of the induction coil D.
When the pointer on the dial De shows 80, the branch circuit U is completed by
the projecting portion H' of the studor catch H impinging against the contact piece H³,
and the bell Hrings. The said bell continues to ring until the pointer is returned
below 80. When the handle E is released, the return-movement of the parts is effected
by the spring E*.

page_text: The hook F3 on the lever F is so arranged that it will be released from the catch or
stud and the primary circuit thus broken by the said lever F flying upward on the
release of the handle E, and the backward movement of the lever E¹ to a predetermined
extent, and no further current can be obtained until another coin is inserted in the
apparatus.
We sometimes morcover employ a time limit to regulate the duration of the shock.
For this purpose, we employ any well known clockwork mechanism which can be put
in motion by the operation of the apparatus. The said clockwork is provided with
a disc having on its periphery a piece of insulating material against which bears under
normal conditions an electrical connection with one pole of the battery. When the
said clock work is operated the said disc revolves and the said connection to the battery
bears against the noninsulated portions of the periphery of the said disc during one
complete revolution of the same. The said disc is arranged by means of a suitable
train of wheels to complete its revolution in a given time, preferably in half a minute
thus limiting the duration of the shock.
In some instances the apparatus is so constructed that the coins actuate the lever F
for the purpose of making electrical contact and freeing the mechanism by their
size.
In the apparatus shown in Figure 3, the lever F is provided with a box or
receptacle a into which the coin or coins falling through the chute G will be received.
is a fixed inclined plane with which the coin in the box or receptacle a will come in
contact when the handle E is turned. The lever F is provided with a shoulder or
projection F adapted to come in contact with a pin or stud J when the handle E has
been turned through a predetermined distance. The projection F upon the lever F
will be released from the pin or stud J by the depression of the said lever as the coin
moves along the inclined plane b. The bottom a of the box a is attached to or forms
part of the side a² which is hinged or, pivoted at a³. A pin or stop e is moreover
provided so that, when the handle E has been turned through a predetermined angle,
the side a² which extends below the bottom a' will come in contact with the pin or
stop e and the said bottom and side will be moved by the said pin or stop to permit
the coin to fall from the said box.
To prevent fraud we sometimes employ a coin chute G provided with a pivoted
inclined balance lever slide d Figure 4, on to which the coin will pass when inserted
in the apparatus. If the coin is of the proper size and weight it is stopped by two
pins or projections e on the slide d, and its weight causes the said slide to tilt,
thereby allowing the coin to pass down the, vertical part of the chute G to the
mechanism below. If, however, the coin is not of the proper size it passes straight
through the slide d between the pins e and falls into a receptacle, without effecting
the mechanism. Morcover if the coin, though of the proper size is not of the
proper weight it will not tilt the said slide. The height of this coin balanco
above the mechanism may be increased so as to give any desired impact when the
coin falls.
When it is desired to display an advertisement and to automatically change
the advertisement each time the mechanism is brought into operation, we prefer
to employ the apparatus shown in Figure 5 in which a number of cards or the
like, having the advertisements thereon, are placed in light frames attached to
an endless chain or band g passing over rollers h. These cards or their equivalents,
are so arranged that, at a certain point, viz. :—where they pass over the upper roller,
they are separated angularly so as to display the advertisement through a glass top i,
or through a convenient aperture. The projection E on the arm E of the lever E¹,
herein before referred to, is connected with one of the rollers h by means of a ratchet-
wheel, pawl and lever and a chain or other suitable device so that motion will be
imparted to the endless chain or band and to the series of advertisements connected
therewith, each time the handle E of the apparatus is operated.
Figure 6 shows a further modification wherein the rack D2 is dispensed with, and
an arm E* is fixed on the stem E2 of the handle E and is provided with a slot j in
which fits a pin or stud k upon a rod or bar 1, to the extremity of which the core D'

page_text: of the induction coil D is attached. A detent m pivoted to the case A or other
stationary part engages at one extremity with a stud or catch upon the bar or rod l.
The other extremity of the said detent m extends underneath the coin-chute G, so that
a coin or coins dropping through the said chute, will disengage the said detent m
from the stud or catch and thus release the rod or bar so that it can be operated
by turning the handle E.
and the coin
is withdrawn
The detent m will then be supported by the pin or stud in the bar
will remain upon the detent until the bar is operated and the stud
from beneath the said detent, when the coin will fall from the latter.
Instead of arranging the handle E to turn as above described, the said handle E can
be attached to the rod or bar in such a manner that it can be operated by pulling
the same outward or pushing it inward. In this case a portion of the said rod or bar
is graduated so as to indicate the amount of electricity that is being taken. This
modification of our Invention is illustrated in Figure 7.
The handle E is
Figure 8 is a modification wherein the coil D is pivoted at o.
connected to the core I by means of the connecting rod p and the joint pl.
Figure 9 is a modification showing an arrangement in which the dial Dis
dispensed with. In this case a pointer is fixed to the handle E. The said pointer q
is adapted to indicate the strength of the current upon a quadrant q¹.
Figure 10 is a further modification illustrating a device for imparting a stronger
shock upon the insertion of a second coin into the apparatus. Upon a coin of the
proper size and weight falling down the chute G upon the lever m the said lever m
which is pivoted at m¹ is depressed sufficiently to allow the projection to pass the
hook m² upon the said lever m, when the rod or bar is drawn outward. The contact
piece pivoted at is then actuated by the spring and completes the ciruit through
a portion of the battery C by means of the pins and the lever t. Upon a second
coin of a predetermined weight and size falling down the chute G, the lever mis
further tilted and bearing against the lever t which is pivoted at t raises the same and
by means of the contact pieces u, u completes the circuit through the whole of the
battery C.
Sometimes instead of arranging the mechanism so that the coin will remain in
the chute and rest on the pin or stud on the weighted lever hereinbefore described
until the apparatus is operated, we employ a catch which engages with the said
lever when the latter is depressed by the coin falling upon the same. In this
instance the coin does not remain in position until the apparatus is operated but
falls into the bottom of the box or case or into a suitable receptacle.
It is obvious moreover that we can if desired employ other well known mechanism
in combination with the hereinbefore described apparatus, for automatically displaying.
or changing advertisements each time the mechanism is brought into operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it understood
that we are aware that an apparatus for permitting an electric shock to be
administered on the insertion of a coin or coins has been described in the Specifi-
cation of former Letters Patent No. 1963 of 1886, we therefore do not claim such
apparatus broadly or irrespectively of our present improvements, but we claim :-
First. A machine whereby, on the insertion of a coin or coins into the same, an
electric shock may be administered and wherein provision is made for causing the
current to commence feebly or imperceptibly and to gradually increase in strength,
substantially as, and for the purposes above specified.
Second. In the said machine, the employment of an induction apparatus wherein
one or more secondary coils are wound on a hollow bobbin and one or more primary
coils are wound on an iron core arranged to slide in and out of the said bobbin as, and
for the purpose, above specified.
Third. In the said machine the employment of an induction apparatus wherein a
primary coil and a secondary coil are wound on the hollow bobbin and a primary coil

page_text: and a secondary coil are wound on the core, as, and for the purpose, above
specified..
Fourth. The modification of our Invention wherein the primary and secondary of
the induction apparatus are fitted to turn on pivots as, and for the purpose above set
forth.
Fifth. The combination of parts comprising the pivoted lever having. at one
extremity a counterweight and at the other extremity a book adapted to engage with
a stud or catch electrically connected to the battery, and a pin or projection upon
which the coins introduced into the apparatus will drop, substantially as, and for the
purposes set forth.
Sixth. The arrangement of the weighted lever in such a manner that after it has
been operated and released it will turn upon its pivot and when it has moved back to
a predetermined distance will break or interrupt the electric circuit, substantially as
described.
Seventh. The combination with the weighted lever, of the rack and pinion for
operating the induction apparatus and the index or pointer, substantially as set
forth.
Eighth. An apparatus for the purpose above specified wherein the coin or coins act
upon the lever until the current attains a certain intensity and are then disengaged
therefrom substantially as described.
"
Ninth. The improved means substantially as herein before described with reference
to Figure 5 whereby we provide for the automatic changing of the advertisements in
cach operation of the machine.
Tenth. The improved apparatus consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings for the purpose specified.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.