IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TURNING SCREWING AND SHAPING SCREWS BOLTS AND NUTS
Year: 1885

page_text: We EDMOND PIERRE BAVILLE Mechanician and HENRI JOSEPH PETIT Gentleman
both of Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR TURNING SCREWING AND SHAPING
SCREWS BOLTS AND NUTS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to the threading of screws generally and especially screw
bolts, turning the stems of bolts, tapping or screwing nuts, and shaping the faces
of the same, and also of bolt heads, the object being to produce a machine whereby
in the manufacture of screws of all kinds and especially of bolts greater rapidity
considerable economy and above all greater accuracy than heretofore and absolute
finish in the work will be obtained.
The machine is termed a universal machine, for all the operations to which the
bolts and nuts are submitted, such as turning down, screwing, tapping and shaping,
are worked out on the same machine The mechanism or apparatus for turning
the stems of the bolts and the mechanism or apparatus for shaping the upper and
under faces of the nuts and the bends of the bolts which are respectively arranged
on the right and the left hand side of the threading and tapping machinery, are
operated by means of a single driving shaft and form thus in fact one machine.
In the accompanying drawings Fig: 1 (Sheet I) is a side elevation of the whole
of the machine,
Fig: 2 (Sheet II) is a plan view.
Fig 3 (Sheet III) is a front elevation partly in section, and
Fig: 4 (Sheet IV) is a side elevation seen from the opposite side.
Figures 5 and 6 (Sheet V) are respectively a longitudinal and cross section of
the sliding bolt holders on an enlarged scale.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, (Sheet V) are respectively a longitudinal section, a sido
view, and an end view of the sliding nut holder.
Figures 10 and 11 (Sheet VI) are side and front elevations on an enlarged scale
of the screw plates or stocks.
Figures 12 and 13 (Sheet VII) are sections of the same showing their interior
arrangement.

page_text: Figures 14 and 15 (Sheet VIII) are front and side views of a fixed standard
screw plate.
Figures 16, 17, and 18 (Sheet VIII) show in plan and end views the adjustable
universal cutting tool.
In Sheet IX Figures 19 and 21 are side and front elevations and Fig: 20
a plan view of the mechanism or appliance for turning the stems of the bolts
or screws.
In Sheet X Figures 22 and 25 are vertical sections, Figures 23 and 26 are plan
views and Fig: 24 is a side elevation of the tool holders of the machine.
In Sheet XI Figures 27 and 29 are elevations and Fig: 28 a plan view of the
mechanism or appliance for shaping the nuts and the bolt heads.
In Sheet XII Figures 30, 31, 32, and 33 are respectively a plan view, a side view,
an end view, and a cross section of the mechanism for cutting lengths of rod or tube
and for threading the same.
Figures 34 and 35 are respectively a plan view and a cross section of a
universal screw plate applicable to this machine; Fig: 36 being a detail in
section.
Figures 37 show a universal tapping tool carrier.
In the present instance the machine is arranged to thread four bolts and eight
nuts at once, two nuts being tapped simultaneously.
The threading and tapping devices are situated in the middle or centre of the
machine.
A is a foundation plate which contains a reservoir or tank A* for the water
or other lubricant, to be distributed to each tool. On the plate A are securely
mounted, the side frames or standards B B Fig 3 connected together by the cross
frames B-On the side frames B are fastened in any convenient manner the
brackets B and B (Figures 1, 2, and 3) supporting respectively the bolt turning
and head and nut shaping devices Two cast iron tanks or receptacles B³ project
laterally on each side of the frames B B. The tanks are provided with false
bottoms which are pierced with holes and covered with coarse canvas so as to
filter the water used for cooling the tools and which is continually returning
to the reservoir, whilst the finished articles and the turnings remain in the
receptacles B³.
C is the driving shaft mounted longitudinally in the centre of the machine in
bearings secured upon brackets 6 cast on the frame B (see the plan view Fig 2).
This driving shaft C receives its rotary motion from a differential pulley D on the
side of which is secured a fly wheel Di for regulating its movement.
On the shaft C is mounted a pair of bevil wheels FF which engage with
corresponding wheels F thereby operating two transverse shafts C¹, the bearings
of which shafts are provided in bosses 61 61 in the standards of the frame B.
Each of these shafts C¹ operates simultaneously (by means of pinions G G' pro-
vided with coupling clutches) two screw plates or die stocks H situated on one
side of the machine and two tap holders or taps K on the other side of the same.
The two spur pinions G G are loose on their shafts and gear with the toothed
wheels G G for the purpose of operating the screw plates or die stocks H the shafts
C' C² of which, are mounted in a similar manner and parallel to the_shafts C¹ C¹
The clutches on the shafts C¹ are operated by means of the rod g (see Fig: 3).
The two pinions G¹ G¹ which give motion to the tap holders K are also loose on
their shafts C¹ C₁ and may be operated by means of the forked lever g¹. The
pinions GG gear with intermediate pinions G³ G³ mounted loosely on studs
projecting from the standards b¹ and engage with the wheels G G which are
keyed fast to the shafts C3 C3 situate underneath the shafts C2 C2 of the screw
plates. The shafts C3 C3 do not extend through the whole width of the machine
but are fitted in bosses b³ ³ of the frame on one side of the machine.
The driving shaft C besides the bevil wheels F is provided with another bevil
wheel F which engages with a corresponding wheel F3 keyed on the top of a
vertical shaft C* which has its upper bearing in a cross piece b* of the frame and
i

page_text: :
its lower one in a collar carried by a bracket s projecting from the frame
(see Fig 3). A bevil wheel F at the lower end of this shaft gears with a
wheel F on the inner end of a horizontal shaft C which has its bearings be on
the under part of the frame.-A bevil wheel F on the outer end of this shaft
gears into a corresponding bevil wheel on a longitudinal shaft C and imparts
rotary motion thereto.-Tho bearings of the shaft C are mounted in brackets b
bolted to the frame B.-A pulley I on one end of this shaft gives motion to the
stem turning mechanism by means of a belt and à pulley 1' on the main shaft of
this apparatus aud a pulley 12 on the other end of the shaft operates in a similar
manner the pulley Is on the driving shaft of the mechanism for shaping nuts and
bolt heads.
Having now given a general description of the operating parts of the various
arrangements we will now proceed to describe the several parts and their modes
of operating, separately and in order to proceed regularly we will first describe in
detail the sliding bolt and nut holders.
The sliding bolt holder L is represented on an enlarged scale in Figures 5 and 6
and the nut holder in Figures 7, 8, and 9 of Sheet V.-That which is, properly
speaking, the bolt holder, consists of a cylindrical box a formed with a globular
head In this head which is bored out taper, slide, four gripping jaws a¹ the
dovetail shaped ends of which slide in radial slots in a ring a secured to the
nut b. By turning this nut the gripping jaws a¹ (by sliding on the inner inclined
face of the conical hollow head a) are brought together or thrust apart without
leaving the ring a³-The stems or heads of the bolts intended to be operated upon
are thus clamped between the jaws a¹ and are perfectly centred and firmly secured
in the sliding bolt holder L.-The globular head of the box à may be secured to
the bolt holder L by means of a nut b' in such a manner as to follow all the
movements caused by irregularities in the bólts or rods to be threaded except
the rotary motion imparted to it by the screw stock which motion is prevented by
the two projections c c The slides L may be of any convenient length and they
slide longitudinally in bosses 68 under the pull of the bolt in course of threading
and to prevent their turning the feather d on the underside of the slide runs
in a groove cut in the boss 68 which boss is cast with the tank B³.
In the middle of the feather d and fixed to the slide L is a lug e in which is
secured by means of set screws e³ the rod f provided at the end with a button or
tappet the purpose of which will be explained hereafter.
The sliding nut holders L' on the opposite side of the machine aro similarly
provided with a feather d'.-The holder consists of a box g (see Figures 7, 8, and 9)
which is screwed upon the slide.-The interior of this box accords with the shape
of the nut to be tapped.-A ring his inserted behind the box ý to prevent the
tapped nut entering the slide.-An opening is made through the box g to admit
water to the interior of the box for cooling the tap and nut and through these
openings the turnings will also be discharged.-The twisting movement of the tap
jams the nut against the walls of the box g so that the box will be drawn forward
with the slide. In the slide is secured a plug i which is provided with a piston m
surrounded by a strong spiral spring. During the operation the screw tap
compresses this spring which when the tap has entirely passed through the nut
pulls back the slide.-The tap is provided with an ordinary square liead by ineans
of which it is fastened in the tap holder K in order to secure its rotation with the
latter.
We will now proceed to describe the construction of the screw stop or die holder H
but will first describe the cutting tool S.-This cutting tool is illustrated on an
enlarged scale in Figures 16, 17, and 18 (Sheet VIII) and consists of a piece of flat
steel bar on one side-of which triangular or rectangular grooves according to tho
thread to be made are cut by the aid of a planing machine or otherwise.-By
thus grooving the tool, ribs will be formed on it, at convenient distances apart and
of any required depth. The degree of obliquity given to the lower edge of the
cutting tool, will provide, within certain limits, for the requisite pitch of thread'

page_text: for the screws, any desired obliquity or bevil may be given to the tool by
submitting it to the action of a grindstone.-If it is desired to make a right handed
screw the obliquity given to the cutting tool is left-handed and if the thread is to
the left the obliquity given to the cutting tool is to the right-To make screws of
two threads the obliquity is doubled and for three threads tripled.-All these
operations can be provided for with the aid of a grindstone, after the tool has been
hardened, and the tool may be used up to the end of the bar by submitting it to
the action of the grindstone without the necessity of reheating or the employment
of smith's labour.
It will be readily seen' that perfectly true screws can be made with this kind of
cutting tool, because the pitch of the thread of the screw may be varied at will,
which has never been possible with the dies, screw plates or chasing tools previously
in use. It will further be seen that by means of its peculiar adjustment in the
screw stock, this tool will cut the thread in its whole section on the cylindrical
surface of the rod or stem without compressing the latter between the tools, for
such compression would elongate and thin the rod or bolt and cause sometimes the
wringing of the thread. In a word our universal cutting tool does not rub, but
cuts as well at the heel as at the top of the thread and therefore cuts the thread in
the most exact manner on the surface without otherwise affecting the rod or bolt
which has never before been possible by any existing chasing tools. Even when
cutting screw threads in a lathe, the thread is not strictly true because the screw
while being threaded becomes heated during the operation and elongates and when
it is finished and cools down it shrinks again.-With our improved tool all these
difficulties are obviated.
The tools thus prepared for cutting any desired thread are now adjusted in the
tool holders in the die stock H.-This die stock with its fittings is represented in
Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Sheets VI and VII on an enlarged scale.
The tool holders Q are shown in section in Figures 12 and 13 in position in the
die holder H. They are preferably three in number in die stocks for threading
rods, the diameter of which does not exceed 45/-For larger screws their
number may be increased to four five or more according to the diameters of the
bars to be cut. It will of course be understood that as the number of the tools in
the die stocks H are increased the proportions of the die stocks and of the whole
machine will require to be increased proportionately.-The tool holders Q are
provided at their inner ends with projecting noses upon which will rest the
tools S which are placed flatly against the tool holders and are firmly secured to
them by set screws which pass through L-shaped projections q' on the outer ends
of the holders.-When the tools are so fastened to their holders they will be in a
tangential position in the die stock with respect to the rod to be threaded and it
will be clearly seen that notwithstanding their powerful cutting action on the rod, by
the revolution of the die stock, the rod will not be compressed.-On the back of
the tool holders at their inner ends and at right angles thereto are screw sockets q³
which are fitted so as to slide freely within sockets r projecting radially inwards
from a ring R. This ring is secured to the plate P cast with a hub P¹.-The whole
is solidly clamped in a hoop R¹ formed with a projecting rim 8.-This rim will
prevent the turnings and other dirt from falling behind the die holder.-The
sockets q² are fitted with screws ? provided with pinions p' which turn freely in
the sockets and are kept in place by the nuts and washers 8 s.-The pinions p
are actuated by means of cylindrical racks n which slide in horizontal holes in the
die holder and are screwed fast to the pulley N which slides on the hub P¹ of the
die holder. It will thus be seen that when the pulley N is slidden backwards or
forwards on the hub the racks n will follow these sliding motions and will impart
rotary motion to the pinion p¹ and will cause the screws p to turn in the sockets q²
and thus bring the tools nearer to or further from the rod to be threaded The
ring R and the hoop R' are provided with slots which will form guides for the
outer ends q' of the tool holders.-The back of these tool holders will further rest
and slide against an inner straight portion of the ring R (Fig 13). It will thus,
-.0

page_text: be seen that in order to withdraw the tools from the stem it will be sufficient to
give a slight retrograde motion to the pulley N so as to free the rod or bolt; the
rod may then be easily removed from the die holder.
In order to change the position of the tools to suit a smaller or larger diameter
of rod to be threaded a similar sliding of the pulley N is all that is required
without change in their tangential position with respect to the rod or stem.―A
guide plate S (Fig: 11) is screwed upon the inner ring R after the tools have been
adjusted which will prevent the bolt from falling between the tools when
disengaged The turnings will fall upon the sloping edge 83 of the hoop R¹ and 80
into the tank B³.
The guide or face plate S¹ is so formed that water can pass through freely thus
washing out the die and carrying away the turnings.
Figures 14 and 15 Sheet VIII represent a fixed standard screw plate provided
with our improved cutting tools. It consists of a circular plate X perforated at the
centre with an aperture which is surrounded by three projecting rests or stops xx
and pierced by three slots arranged tangentially to the central aperture.-In these
slots are inserted the tools S the lower ends of which are grooved and rest on the
rests or stops x against which thoy are firmly secured by the set screws 8. 8.—By
this arrangement the tools will be absolutely motionless and it will be seen that
a die stock so constructed can be advantageously substituted for the ordinary
standard plates.
The opening and closing movements of the tools in the die stock shown in
Sheets VI and VII as well as the movements for adjusting the tools to suit the
diameter of the rods or stems to be screwed will be effected automatically in the
following manner.
A lever M (Figures 3, 10, 11, 12 and 13) is pivotted to a bracket cast on the
tank B³-The upper end of this lever is forked and the fork has on its ends studs
which engage in the circular groove of the pulley N.-The lower arm of the lever
ends in a short rod which slides in a hollow arm M¹ which is pivotted upon a nut
M and the nut M is tapped to receive a screw M' fitted with a band wheel M³.-
The screw M turns freely within a shaft o and it is kept in place in the shaft by a
circular groove in its end and a transverse pin in the shaft o The shaft o is carried
by a laterally projecting socket and a corresponding boss 66 66 so as to slido
longitudinally in them On the end opposite to the screw M² the shaft is provided
with a bowle e and about its middle it is slotted to receive the upper end of a rock
lever o pivotted to the bracket 6º of the frame and the lower end of this lever
passes in a similar manner through a shaft o. This shaft carries two spiral
springs oo and slides longitudinally in the sockets 610 610. 05 are india rubber
washers serving to break the shock or recoil of the shaft o-The shaft o is
provided with a notch or recess p in which drops (when the tools or dies S
are engaged) the bolt P thus keeping the shaft o in place and the dies ready for
cutting.
A spiral spring P' in a tube P' encircles the rod p' and serves to actuate the
bolt P and this rod p' is jointed by the connecting rod p² to one end of a lever P³-
This lever rocks on a bearing p³ connected to the frame B' in any convenient
manner and its opposite end P₁ bears against a roller Ps carried on the end of a
rod or arm P. This rod slides transversely in the frame and is kept in its normal
position by means of a spiral spring which encircles the rod P6.-On the end of the
rod P is mounted a finger p-All these arrangements are shown in Fig: 3 and
each die stock H. is provided with such a disengaging mechanism conveniently
fitted to the frame. There are thus in the present instance four of these disen-
gaging or die actuating arrangements and consequently four disengaging shafts o
with their bowles e.
In front of each of the bowles e is mounted loosely on the shaft C, a cam Q
(Figures 1, 2, and 3). Two clutches Q'Q' are also mounted on the axle C and
each of these clutches is placed between two of the cams Q and is so arranged that
it may engage with a counterpart on each cam as required; thus by shifting the

page_text: clutches to the right or to the left hand the corresponding cams will be engaged.
This travel of the clutches Q¹ will be effected by means of two levers QQ (see
Figures 2 and 3) pivotted on projections q of the frame and extending through the
whole machine in such a manner that they can be acted upon by the knee of the
workman on the opposite side of the machine.
When the tools or dies S in the die holders H are closed up, that is to say, when
they are in a position for cutting the thread on the rods or bolts the bolt P shown
in the drawings is dropped into the notch p of the disengaging shaft o by the
pressure of the spring Pl and the rock lever o' stands vertically between the two
shafts o and o the springs o³ and o' of the latter bearing heavily against the collars
on the shaft o².
Supposing there is now a rod or stem which is to be threaded for a certain
definite portion of its length the rod is secured in the sliding bolt holder L as
described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 and the rod f with its tappet k is
adjusted in its bearing e according to this length.-The slide L will be drawn
forward by the revolutions of the die stock as the rod is threaded until the tappet k
meets the finger p' of the rod P the bowle of which will now press back the
lever P, and raise the bolt P.-By this means the disengaging shaft o is freed and
the springs o³ o on the shaft o' thrust this latter to the right hand and this move-
ment is transmitted by the intermediary rock lever o¹ in the opposite direction to
the disengaging shaft o which is shifted to the left hand.-This movement will
rock the lever M and cause the pulley N to slide on the hub of the die stock and
thereby by means of the racks n actuate the pinions p¹ and the screws p (Fig: 13)
and thus shift the tool holders Q and disengage the dies S.
In order to restore the dies to a position for screwing a fresh rod or bolt the
workman presses his knee against the levers Q3 right or left according to the die
holder or plate to be put in work and thereby causes a clutch Q¹ on the axle C° to
gear with a cam Q which cam as it rotates will bear against the bowle e on one of
the shafts o and thrust the latter back, the bolt P will be again forced into the
notch P and the shaft o secured.-A single revolution of the cam Q by acting
against the bowle e will be sufficient to thrust the disengaging shaft o back into its
normal position, and the clutch Q¹ will be brought to its central position when the
workman releases the lever Q2 by means of flat springs q' arranged on each side of
the lever as shewn in Fig: 4.-These springs bear against the levers when they are
under pressure of the workman's knee and will therefore bring them back to the
central position as soon as they are released.
In order to separate or to close up the dies or cutting tools to suit the various
diameters of the rods or stems to be threaded, the hand wheel M³ is turned, thereby
enlarging or diminishing the distance apart, of the dies to the extent of one or
more degrees marked on the ring R of the die holder It will be understood that
these movements take place by the shifting of the pulley N through the lever M
and the adjustable nut M*.
All the movements are intended to act with rapidity and with a machine of this
kind with four die stocks and four taps (which is the type of machine that is
preferred) 8000 to 9000 bolts can be made in one day of 10 hours.
It will be readily understood that by modifying the proportions of the mechanism
rods of any desired length and diameter may be threaded, but when thick bars are
required to be threaded, another type of the machine is desirable arranged with
two die stocks only and a fly wheel on each side and for working very small bolts
or screws machines with a single small screw plate may be used.
We will now describe the stem turning and bolt and nut shaping machinery.
The stem turning devices are represented in position in Figures 1 and 2, and Fig: 19
Sheet IX is a side elevation Fig: 20 a plan view and Fig: 21 a front view of the
mechanism drawn on an enlarged scale
secured to the bracket B¹ of the frame B
axle c. having on one of its ends a loose
clutch is controlled by means of the forked
The machine consists of a standard A¹
Between the projections a. a. is fitted an
pulley 1' and a gearing clutch g. The
lever i. and the pulley is kept in gear

page_text: by the tractive power exerted on the forked lever i by a coiled spring K. The
clutch is disengaged from the pulley by the weighted lever V which has its fulcrum
on the top of the standard A¹ and the weighted arm of this lever will impinge on
the adjustable screw K2 and will thereby depress the end of the lever i so soon as
the weighted lever V is released.-The opposite arm of the lever V is connected to
the top of a vertical shaft c¹ by means of a connecting link m. in such a way
as to permit this latter to turn freely whilst the connecting link remains stationary.
The shaft is capable of sliding vertically in the lugs a. a and receives rotary
motion from the shaft c. through mitre wheels w. and w' fitted 'between the
lugs a. a. the wheel w. having an interior groove in which slides a feather on the
shaft c¹.
v. is a chuck on the lower end of the shaft c¹, which serves to receive the heads
of the bolts and cause them to turn with the shaft while they are at the same
time forced under the pressure of the rock lever V into the cutter box U which is
fastened vertically in the table A2 of the apparatus This cutter box is represented
on a larger scale in sheet X of the drawings Fig: 22 being a longitudinal section
of the box Fig: 23 a plan view and Fig: 24 an elevation of the exterior casing.
The cylindrical cutting box consists of three concentric cylinders U U¹ U' fitting
closely together one within the other. In the top of the outer cylinder U are cut
a number of radially arranged grooves or slots designed to receive the cutters u.
these latter may be adjusted for any desired diameter of bolt by means of the set
screws a. a. which pass laterally through the collar b. and bear against the ends of
the cutters. Between every two cutters or tools are screwed fastening screws c.
which force upon the cutters suitably shaped transverse plates cl. each cutter is
thus securely fastened or clamped between the contiguous ends of two transverse
plates. This circlet of cutters or tools is intended to act on the neck of the bolt
or the unthreaded portion between the threaded part and the head, the head is at
the same time shaped horizontally on its under side by the cutting edges of
the tools.
When the bolt has passed down through this tool circlet to a certain depth, the
lower end reaches three cutters u¹ arranged radially and adjusted by means of
screws d d (for a certain diameter) in the upper end of the second cylinder U' (sco
Figures 25 and 26) By passing through these three cutters the bolt is turned
down to the requisite gauge for the thread to be cut upon it, the second cylinder U¹
is secured at the desired height in the first cylinder U by the flush screws f. On
the same level in which are situated the three tools u passes loosely through
apertures in the casings U U-another cutter u² fixed in a tool holder which is
connected by a link m¹ to a lever V₁ pivotted (so as to rock horizontally) to a
stud ma projecting from the plate A This lever is kept in its normal position by
the tension of the coiled spring m³ (see Fig: 20 Sheet IX). The cutter u² passes
freely through apertures in the cylinders U. U and serves to produce the throat on
the bolt at a suitable height for the escape of the thread when the bolt is threaded.
m is a stop which arrests the motion of the lever V according to the depth to be
given to the throat. The third cylinder U is also fixed at a definite height by
screws f in the box U¹ and it has cutters u³ fastened at its upper end in a similar
manner to the cutters in the box U₁ the edges of the cutters u³ are so shaped as to
round off the ends of the screws or bolts. It will be well understood that the twó
inner cylinders may be removed if desired in order to use only the outer one and
all the boxes are provided with openings to allow the water to run away. It will
be further seen that all the tools are simply small steel bars which may be suitably
ground on a grindstone. In order to turn the bolt it will be sufficient to press
down the counter-weight lever V so as to force the stem of the bolt into the cutter
boxes or casings; the lever i is drawn back by the spring K and locks the clutch g.
with the pulley I' and the apparatus commences to work. A regulating screw or
stop K³ serves to limit the extent of motion of the lever V according to the
required length of the stem of the bolt and at the same time the under face of the
head of the bolt is shaped the end of the bolt rounded off and the throat grooved.
E

page_text: between the shoulder and the thread portion of the bolt as above described. The
counter weighted lever is now raised and by depressing the lever i disengages the
clutch g. from the pulley I. At the same time that the lever V rises the workman
presses on a pedal P (Fig 1) thereby raising a vertical rod or plunger Pl which
slides in guides in the bracket B³, the upper end of this plunger pushes the bolt
out of the tool box U and the apparatus is ready for the insertion of a fresh bolt.
The shaping devices for the top of the bolt heads and the upper and under face
of the nuts are represented in situ in Figures 1 and 2 and in front elevation on
enlarged scale in Fig: 27 (Sheet XI). Fig: 28 being a plan view partly in section
and Fig: 29 a side elevation.
This apparatus has on each side similar arrangements one of which serves to
shape the top of the bolt heads and the other to shape the upper and under face of
the nuts It will be readily understood that by this shaping the heads and the
nuts may be made of any desired thickness.
A frame A3 formed with standards A' is mounted upon a bracket B on the
opposite end of the screw cutting machine to that which carries the machine just
described. The apparatus is driven by a belt from the pulley I on the shaft Co.
The belt passes around a pulley I³ keyed on a driving shaft c. mounted in bearings
in the arm A³ of the frame. On the opposite end of the shaft c. is fixed a mitro
wheel w. which gears with a corresponding wheel w of the shaft c¹ which has its
bearings in the standards A' at right angles to the shaft c. Running loosely on
the shaft c are two clutch wheels w³ ³ which engage with clutch sleeves operated
by levers e. c. pivotted to the standards A' The wheels wal-o gear into
corresponding wheels w and thus impart a rotary motion to the tool holders c. c
which are mounted upon short shafts having their bearings in the standards A* and
rotate over the receptacles b. b formed in the framing A³ and serving to receive the
water or other lubricant and the turnings. The tool holders are formed of circular
plates with radial grooves cut on their faces. In these grooves are inserted the
tools the cutting edges of which are conformable to the shape intended to be given
to the bolt heads or to the nuts and they are secured in the plate by means of
set screws.
The bolt or nut to be operated upon is placed in one of the slides g. which is
then slidden longitudinally in the poppet K. of the frame by means of a small
pinion m. which pinion gears with a rack n. on the underside of slide. A band
wheel on the axle of this pinion serves to press the bolt head or nut against the
rotating tools e. which give to the faces a rounded flat or any other desired shape.
A force pump, operated by a crank on the shaft C6, raises the water or other
lubricating liquid from the tank A* into a tube or tubes 1, extending longitudinally
over the machine, and having connected to it the transverse feeding tubes z, which
lead the water to the various tools or cutters in work.
The bolt is thus submitted to three distinct processes-thus, after having passed
through the bolt-turning apparatus, which also shapes or dresses the under side of
the bolt head, it is submitted to the action of the shaping apparatus, which gives
to the bolt heads, or to the nuts, the desired height and form, and it is then
threaded in the die or screw stock to the required length.
Figures 30, 31, 32 and 33 represent in plan, side, and end views and section,
respectively, an apparatus suitable for cutting and screwing rods or tubes to any
desired length. B is a frame in which are mounted, upon shafts, the fast and loose
pullies P P¹, spur wheels E E', and mitre wheels CC.
On the shaft of the mitre wheel C, is placed a universal plate U, the construction
of which will be hereafter described, the plate U serving to centre on the machine
the rods or tubes to be cut and threaded. In this machine the die F. is fixed and
it is adjusted by means of two set screws t. opposed diametrically to each other in
the bifurcated rod G which slides in a socket b. cast with the frame on the side
opposite to the plate U. This plate U is represented on a larger scale in figures 34,
35 and 36 and is so constructed that the three sliding jaws M may be caused to
approach or to recede simultaneously from the centre. To effect these purposes

page_text: there is fitted loosely at the back of the plate a mitre wheel C which gears into the
teeth of pinions D D fixed on the square headed screws V.-These screws serve to
shift the jaws M by turning in the threaded projections s.-Thus by turning one of
the screws V or the mitre wheel C by means of a suitable key the jaws will be
drawn together or separated and will accurately centre between their ends, or by
means of the dogs m (which are adjustable on the jaws) a rod or tube on the
plate U at one end, the other end of the rod or tube as it screws into the dio
holder F draws it forward.
In order to cut a rod or tube to a certain definite length a cutter d. is adjusted
in a socket d¹ cast with the frame and it is advanced or receded in this socket by
means of a small fly wheel k which is tapped to form a nut for the threaded socket
which holds the cutting tool d. During the cut the tube or rod is rotated in a
fork f. which serves as a rest for it and which is adjustable in a socket f1 cast on
the frame on the opposite side to the tool socket. It will now be seen that as the
cutting tool is advanced the tube or rod will be cut off to the required length.
Fig 37 is a tool carrier which consists of a piece of iron rod turned down at the
ends so as to form two journals which may be placed in the bearings in the
bifurcated slide rod G. The middle of this tool carrier pierced with square holes
of various sizes in which are introduced the ends of the tools it is intended to
employ.
Between the dogs m. of the plate U is fixed a chuck for receiving screws intended
to he cut thereby enabling the machine to serve with the same facility for the
cutting of screws as to the threading of rods or tubes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. In the manufacture of screw bolts and nuts the combination of the bolt
turning and the bolt-head or nut-shaping apparatus with the threading and tapping
machine so as to constitute a single machine controlled by one main driving shaft C
substantially as set forth and represented in the annexed drawings.
2. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as above
described the adjustable cutting tool consisting of a simple flat steel bar having
grooves in its flat sides corresponding to the thread it is desired to cut and which
in order to cut on the rod or bolt a right or left handed thread or two, three or
more threads will only require grinding upon a grindstone substantially as above
set forth and shewn in Figures 16 17. and 18 of the annexed drawings.
3. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the die stock H and in this latter the tool holders Q tangentially
arranged with respect to the rods or bolts to be threaded and operated by means of
screws and pinions p. p¹ acted upon by the racks n. fixed to the pulley N which
pulley slides on the hub P¹ of the die stock in combination with the ring R in the
sockets r. of which the tool holders are adjustable by means of the said screws p.
and the enclosing hoop R' provided with slots for guiding the projections q¹ of the
tool holders all substantially as set forth and shewn in Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 of
the drawings.
4. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as above
described in combination with the tool die stock H the mechanism for automatically
advancing or withdrawing the cutting tools with respect to the work and especially
the combination of the horizontal lever Q the clutch Q and the cam Q on the
shaft C with the sliding shaft o provided with the screw M2 and hand wheel M³
acting within the nut M of the pivotted arm M' and thereby controlling the
lever M and the pulley N so as to close the tools on the stem or to separate them
therefrom so as to suit various diameters of rods or bolts as set forth and shewn in
Figures 1, 2 and 3.
5. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as above
described in combination with the die stock H and the sliding bolt holder L the
automatically disengaging mechanism consisting in the combination of the tappet K

page_text: on the slide L with the finger p* on the end of the rod P' and arm P5 for causing
the lever P³ P₁ to rock and thereby to raise the bolt P thus liberating the sliding
shaft o which under the pressure of the spiral springs on the shaft o transmitted
to the shaft o by the rock lever o¹ slides forward and disengages the cutting tools
from the rod or bolt in course of threading all substantially as above described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the annexed drawings.
6. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as above
described the sliding bolt holder L with the rod f. having a tappet k and in the
nut b' a pivotted or articulated head on the casing a. in which slide the jaws a' as
set forth in order to fasten and centre the bolts or rods to be threaded substantially
as described and illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings.
7. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as above
described the combination of the tap K with the spring piston m in the sliding nut
holder L for withdrawing the slide when the tap has passed through the nut, all
as above set forth and illustrated in Figures 7 8 and 9 of the drawings.
8. The screw plate X having fixed therein the grooved universal cutting tools as
described and shewn in Figures 14 and 15 of the drawings.
>
9. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the combination of the lever V with the lever the vertical
shaft C sliding in the wheel W. and the regulating screw c³ as set forth and shewn
in Figures 19, 20 and 21.
10. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the combination of the horizontal lever V' link m¹ and spring m³
with the tool holder in which is fixed the cutter u for cutting the throat in the
bolt and the stop screw m* as set forth and shewn in Figures 19, 20 and 21 of the
drawings.
11. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the combined tool boxes U U₁ U with the tools u ul u³ radially
arranged and fixed in the several boxes in the required order substantially as
above set forth and illustrated in Figures 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 of the annexed
drawings.
12. The combination with the bolt sten turning mechanism of the pedal
arrangement P for thrusting the turned bolt out of the tool holder U as described.
13. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the combination of the tool holder e working on the faces of the
bolt heads or the nuts with the rack slide n acted upon by the pinion m which is
rotated by means of the hand wheel m¹ substantially as described and illustrated
in Figures 27, 28 and 29 of the annexed drawings.
14. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the tool plate or plates e with grooves in their faces arranged to
receive the shaping tools all substantially as set forth and shown in the drawings.
15. In machinery for turning screwing and shaping screws bolts and nuts as
above described the combination of the universal plate U the jaws of which are
operated simultaneously by the bevil gearing C operating the bevil pinions D of
the jaws, with the sliding die holders and the bifurcated rod G fitted as above
described, the cutting tool d and the forked rest f adjustably mounted in the
transverse sockets cast in one with the frame of the machine, all substantially as
described with reference to Figures 30 31 32 33 34 35 and 36.