matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PLATE WARMER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Liddicott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1874.
I; PHILIP LIDDICOTT, of Muswell Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PLATE WARMER," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to apparatus whereby plates; dishes, and such.
like articles may be warmed, or if already warmed they can be cooled
in an expeditious manner; and it consists in a box or case which may
have any desired number of compartments, the sides of said compart-
ments being constructed of double sheets of metal, thus forming a hollow
casing.
When used for cooling plates, dishes, or other articles the hollow
casing or sides of the compartment is filled with ice, ice and felt, or
other refrigerating compound.
As means for heating a slide or drawer is arranged below the appa-
ratus for holding a spirit lamp, or an arrangement of atmospheric burners
or gas jets to which gas is supplied through a flexible or other tube, and

page_text: an escape for hot air is provided through a perforated plate or plates
surrounding the space in which the lamp or burners is or are disposed,
and the sheets of metal forming the sides of the main compartments
are fluted or groved for holding the articles in an upright position.
A lid or hinged cover is provided and formed as a rack for holding
or draining plates or other like articles, the interior being "welled," and
an outlet provided to which a tube is attached for conducting the drainings
away, and at the rear of main compartments taps are provided for a like
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING METALS AND IN COATINGS FOR SUCH MOULDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Toussaint at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1874.
I, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT, of No. 64, Larches Street, Sparkbrook, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING METALS AND IN
COATINGS FOR SUCH MOULDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in moulds for casting metals,
also to coatings for such moulds, and consists in fitting a series of
segments in metal as an exterior to the core, these having curved faces
which bear against each other under the action of one or more springs,
which press against the inner faces. There is a central rod or "butt"
employed. in some cases for the opposite end of the springs to bear
against, and this with the sectional pieces form an entire core for the
metal to be cast round, the core being within a box in the usual manner.
The central rod may have flat sides for the springs to press upon, or
apertures may be formed to receive the inner ends of the springs. The
arrangement of the sectional pieces permits of the shrinkage taking

page_text: place, and facilitates their removal when desired after the withdrawal of
the central rod, which is of tapered or of parallel form in its length.
In lieu of employing springs a central wedge shaped rod only can be
employed to act direct upon the segmental pieces.
The moulds, cores, and the boxes into which the fluid metal is run are 5
coated with plumbago or other fire resisting medium in a pasty form,
spread to a suitable layer or thickness, and with ribs or strips between to
hold the fire resisting medium in place.
In some cases I form my fire resisting medium of plumbago, talc
in powder, clay, and an oxide of metal, or a chemical salt mixed with 1
water.
A NEW OR IMPROVED KIND OF CLOCK
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Henri
Robert, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED KIND OF CLOCK," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved kind of clock which I call
a magic clock, inasmuch as the hands appear to move automatically,
that is to say, without being actuated by any mechanism.
According to this Invention the going mechanism is mounted on the
hands themselves or on one only of them away from their centre of
rotation, the said mechanism being contained in a box or case forming
part of the hands which are counterbalanced on their axis. This
arrangement enables me to use a transparent dial consisting of a plain
glass plate suspended by a wire or otherwise without being fitted in
any frame whatever, so that the clock will appear to work without being
actuated by any mechanism.

page_text: The following methods of carrying out the Invention in practice are
given by way of example only.
According to one arrangement the minute hand accurately balanced
on its axis is provided with a box containing a watch movement, by
which a weight contained in the box is caused to perform one revolution
therein per hour, which weight by its motion continually displaces the
centre of gravity of the hand, and causes it to make the circuit of the
dial every hour.
The hour hand which is of the ordinary kind receives motion direct
from the minute hand by a train of small wheels concealed in the axis.
This train is made as small as possible and is accurately regulated in
the proportion of 1 to 12, so that while the minute hand makes one com-
plete circuit of the dial the hour hand will make 12th of a revolution.
According to another arrangement the two hands are independent of
each other and are both mounted loose on the same axis, each being
provided with a box containing a watch movement similar to that above
described as applied to the minute hand, the watch movement on the
hour hand being however arranged to produce one revolution of the
weight in twelve hours, causing the said hour hand to move round one-
twelfth of the dial per hour, while the minute hand makes a complete
revolution every hour.
According to another arrangement a watch movement is placed in one
of the two boxes formed on the hands (preferably that of the minute
hand) which movement is geared with the axis of the hands and actuates
the same by any suitable means (a longitudinal arbor and pinions for
example), the arbor being concealed by the hand.
Other methods may be adopted for carrying out the Invention, which
it will be seen consists in mounting the going mechanism on the hands
themselves eccentrically to their axis of rotation.
AN IMPROVED METHOD of Signalling UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Needham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1874.
I, WILLIAM NEEDHAM, of Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD of Signalling UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
A railway accident originally slight frequently results in serious con-
sequences from the impossibility of at once warning the drivers of
advancing trains that the line is blocked.
I will assume for example that the weather is foggy, and that for
some cause or other a train is arrested midway between two stations; in
this case the guard, driver, or other person must run back a considerable
distance in order to signal to the following train in time to permit the
driver to pull up before reaching the scene of accident; but it may be
that a carriage has been overturned blocking both up and down line, and
in that case two persons must have sufficient presence of mind to start
instantly in opposite directions to signal to advancing trains at a distance
which will permit their being stopped in time.

page_text: The object of my Invention is to provide every train with a means of
enabling the guard or driver or both in case of accident to signal at once
to a considerable distance to the front and rear that the line is not clear
and that advancing trains on either line of rail must stop.
I propose to effect my object by the use of detonating signals,
employing rockets as their propellers and the rail itself as a guide to
place them.
I propose constructing a light frame or carrier to grip the rail in such
a manner that it will run casily thereon while unable to quit it; this
frame will carry a rocket placed thereupon in such position as I may in 1
practice find most convenient, and also a detonating signal carried so
that when the frame or carrier is at rest the signal shall be presented on
the rail in such a manner that it cannot fail to be crushed by the wheel
of a passing locomotive.
When it is desired to signal along one or other of the lines of rail in 1
either direction up or down, the carrier will be placed upon the rail, the
rocket fired, and the carrier thus propelled will convey the detonating
signal to such a distance along the line that upon its being exploded by
the advancing train, the driver of such train will be enabled to bring it to
a stand still before reaching the spot from whence the signal was started. 2
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF REGULATING THE TENSION OF SIGNAL OR OTHER WIRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davenport at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
November 1874.
I, WILLIAM DAVENPORT, of Harrogate, in the West Riding of the
County of York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF REGULATING THE TENSION
OF SIGNAL OR OTHER WIRES," to be as follows:—
My Invention consists of a pulley A grooved to fit the chain B, which
is connected with the wire O, the tension of which it is required to
regulate. Attached to the chain B is a weight D. On the edge of the
pulley there is a rim E. On this rim there is a mechanical contrivance
called the "silent feed clip," which consists of a lever F to which two
clips G and H are loosely attached, and are turned to fit the outer and
inner circumference of the rim. The action of the clip is regulated by
a lever and weight K.. When the clips G & H are opened the pulley A
is free to turn round, and the weight D will regulate the tension of the
wire O.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Eloi
Edouard Charruy, of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES," a com-
munication, to be as follows:
—
It is well known that wax and other matches or lights used by
smokers are consumed for only about a third of their length, the
remainder being entirely wasted. I take advantage of this unconsumed
portion of the match by replacing, the combustible material by a card or
other advertisement rolled or coiled up to occupy the smallest possible
space while the match is unused, and so that it may be readily unrolled
after the match has been lighted. I thus produce a new class of matches,
which I term "allumettes publicité" or advertizing matches, and I will
now describe one method of manufacturing the same. I take a fine wire
or a thin rod of wood or other material soaked in any substance which

page_text: Figure 3 illustrates the developement of the advertisement when the
match has been used.
In these Figures like letters indicate the same parts.
a is the core or body of the match; is the advertisement card rolled
upon the core a, and secured in its position by glueing at the corners c
of its outer edge; d is the stearine, wax, or other readily inflammable
matter, which occupies only a very slight portion of the length of the
core on which the advertizing card is wound; e is the drop of phos-
phorous. Thus made up it will be readily understood that the match 2
will not be casily combustible except at the end provided with the
inflammable matter d, or for about a third or a fourth of its length, that
is to say, it will burn for the time required to light a cigar or cigarette,
or a number thereof, or even for lighting a pipe, while the core of the
advertisement card will remain intact, and by simply unrolling the same a
the advertisement, inscription, or announcement may be seen.
The unrolling of the card may be effected by hand or by the combustion
of the match, and I may employ any suitable materials and any suitable
means for the manufacture of these matches. For example I may unite
by a socket or by gluc or other means a portion of an ordinary match 8
provided with its phosphorus to a small roll or band of paper bearing the

page_text: advertisement. An example of this form of my Invention is illustrated
in Figure 4.
I may also modify the said Invention by rolling upon itself a single
sheet of paper with an advertisement thereon. One portion of the said
sheet is rendered combustible and furnished with the phosphorous, while
another portion has on it the advertizement, and is if necessary rendered
incombustible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Reston Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1874.
I, GEORGE RESTON WOOD, of the Wishaw Iron Works, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
This Invention has for its objects to economise fuel and prevent
smoke in steam boiler and other furnaces, and it consists in constructing
or arranging the furnace and parts connected therewith, so that the air
for combustion is supplied by a fan pump or other forcing apparatus to
the lower part of a column of fuel whilst the fire gases or gaseous
products of combustion can pass off from the bottom or lower part of
such column.
In carrying out the Invention in the case of a vertical cylindrical
steam boiler, according to one modification the boiler is made with a
vertical cylindrical or, by preference, tapering tube, which is fitted with
grate bars near the bottom to support the fuel, and with a hopper at
the top for supplying the fuel; the hopper and ash-pit being both

page_text: closed when the furnace is working. The air for combustion is forced
in by one or more pipes placed a little above the grate bars, and the fire-
gases pass off, first downwards through the grate bars and then by one or
more flue tubes upwards, or otherwise, through the water space of the
boiler. The furnace tube, which may be several feet high, may be filled
with fuel to the top. The heat of the incandescent fuel at the bottom
of the column is partly radiated upwards into the fuel above, causing
combustible gases and vapours to be evolved therefrom; and these gases
and vapours having no other outlet descend through the incandescent
fuel beneath, and a suitable quantity of air being supplied become
thoroughly consumed. The air being forced in as described no chimney
draught is required, and the supply of air can be regulated so that the
fire gases may pass off slowly, and consequently impart more of their
heat to the boiler, or to any other object or material to heat which they
may be applied.
The improved arrangements are equally applicable to the furnaces of
horizontal, marine, or other steam boilers, and to puddling, heating, and
other furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mann, Charles Pollard,
and Philip Butler Watt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th May 1874.
We, GEORGE MANN, of No. 2, New Scarbro', Leeds, in the County
of York, CHARLES POLLARD, of No. 23, Algeria Place, Beeston Hill,
Leeds aforesaid, and. PHILIP. BUTLER WATT, of No. 8, Derby Terrace,
Glasgow, in Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING MACHINERY,"
to be as follows:-
These Inventions consist of several improvements relating to the
adjusting of the lithographic stone in printing machines, for ensuring
more perfect, register of sheets while printing, and for a more equal
distribution of ink, both on the inking table and when passing over the
stone; and these improvements are,-
1st. A mode of adjusting the lithographic stones in bed of machine,
and at a given point or points so as to facilitate or render them more
convenient for the process of making ready each successive stone in
printing in several colours. This object is effected by three or more

page_text: index fingers having adjusting points inserted in them, theso index
fingers being fixed to cach side of the bed or other parts of the machine
by means of clamps or screws. When printing in colours, the first
stone having + register marks or point hóles at each end of the stone,
the adjusting fingers with the points are sett and fixed to these register
marks or point holes. The making up or transferring the succeeding
colour stones having this register mark or point hole as they come to be
put into the machine for printing can immediately be put in perfect
register with the feed board, and the preceeding printings by the register
mark or points holes on the stone being placed directly under these
adjusting points in the index fingers which have been permanently
fixed and gauged for this purpose.
2nd. A mode of giving a diagonal action to some of the printing and
distributing rollers, so as to run with a regulated pressure diagonally
over printing surface of stone and inking table.
3rd. A novel mode of applying an occillating action to a distributing
roller under the duct cylinder, whilst working in contact with the inking
table.
4th. A method of covering inking rollers with cut strips of leather
instead of one whole skin as is usually done. By means of these said 2
strips the disadvantages connected with the sewing of the whole skins is
obviated. A finer surface and more durable can be got, and great
economy produced from the lasting properties of rollers and distributers
so covered.
The Inventors claim the novelty of the above improvements to the 2
application of lithographic printing machinery, and such of them as may
be applicable to letter-press printing machinery also.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Oldham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1874.
I, THOMAS OLDHAM, of Douglas, Isle of Man, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES," to
be as follows:-
On the neck of the bottle at or near the top I form a rim having at
its under side a flat surface, and in its periphery two or more slots or
recesses at suitable distances apart, and to cover or stop the bottle I
employ a loose hollow cap sufficiently large to encircle the rim, and
having in it lugs or projections corresponding with the slots or recesses in
the rim at the neck of the bottle, the lugs being of such a depth that
there shall be at least as much space between their tops and the inside of
the cap as the depth of the rim on the neck of the bottle; and at the top
of the inside of the cap is placed a piece of cork, india-rubber, or other
packing material. When the cap is placed on the top of the bottle, and
the lugs or projections passed through the slots or recesses in the rim,

page_text: and the cap afterwards turned to the right or left the lugs will catch on
the under side of the rim and the bottle be tightly stoppered, and it is
evident that if desired the arrangements may be reversed by having the
lugs or projections on the neck of the bottle and the slots or recesses in
the cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1874.
I, ALEXANDER WALKER, of No. 49, Campbell Road, Bow, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil, Mining and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKE
APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:
-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the ready and quick
stoppage of a train in motion when required. For this I arrange the
brake blocks in pairs to operate simultaneously on opposite sides or
surfaces of each of the bearing wheels, and they are each suspended at
their upper parts by pivots from the framing of the carriage in the rear
of the acting surface of the brake, so that they may have a tendency to
fall away from and thus free the wheels to which they are applied. Each
pair of these brakes is brought into operation by a chain attached to the
lower part of one of them being passed round a pulley on the
lower end of the other of such pair, and thence connected to a rod which
when drawn upon in one direction will have the effect of causing

page_text: such pair of blocks to clip the bearing wheel to prevent its further
rotation.
In order that the rod may produce a like effect if drawn upon in the
opposite direction, there is another chain similarly connected to the same
blocks, but to work in the opposite direction. This connecting rod is in
like manner connected to the blocks of each bearing wheel on that side
of the carriage. A like arrangement is applied to each side of each-
carriage, and the respective connecting rods are connected together by
chains and hooks, or such like means, and the last of the series is
connected by chain or such like means to a windlass in the guard's van,
or it may be operated by small oscillating or other engine on the driving
engine or otherwise. By these means facility is afforded for the ready
and simultaneous stoppage of the motion of all the wheels of a train of
carriages by a continuous brake system.
IMPROVEMENTS IN * ECONOMIZERS' FOR HEATING FEED WATER FOR BOILERS BY THE WASTE HEAT PASSING FROM THE FURNACE TO THE CHIMNEY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stead Crosland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1874.
I, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of tho
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN * ECONOMIZERS' FOR HEATING FEED
WATER FOR BOILERS BY THE WASTE HEAT PASSING FROM THE FURNACE TO THE
CHIMNEY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to "cconomizers" formed by a series of
vertical tubes connected with a chest or chamber at the upper and
|lower ends, and the water to be heated generally passes into the lower
chest or chamber and then simultaneously up all the tubes to the upper
chest from which the heated water is taken away.
The object of my Invention is to so arrange vertical tube economizers
that the coldest water will be exposed, first, to the coldest gases or
products of combustion, and, as the water is heated, to cause it to bo
acted upon by the hotter, and finally, the hottest water by the most
i

page_text: heated products which are those first leaving the furnace or boiler
flues.
My object is further to arrange the flues and chamber for the
economizer so that the hot gases or products of combustion first escaping
from the furnace or flues of the boiler will be kept separate to some
extent from mixing with or throwing off their radiating heat to the
products which have become cooler as the get more distant from the
furnace, and to cause the hottest products to act upon the hottest water,
and the products of less heat upon cooler water as above explained, and
my Invention consists in causing the water to enter, say, the lower
chest or chamber furthest from the furnace and pass up the first row,
or the first series of two or three rows of tubes, to the upper chest, and
then down the next row of tubes or series of two or three rows, to the
lower chest, and so on up and down, the water being
that end of the economizer nearest the furnace.
that the chest at the upper and lower end of the tubes do not form one
connected chamber as in ordinary economizers, but they are partitioned
into separate chambers there being a partition at every change in the
direction of the water.
taken away from
It will thus be seen
The flue or chamber in which the economizer is placed is also
partitioned or divided in its upper part into several chambers corre-
sponding with the series or sections of the tubes into which the
economizer is divided, so that the hottest products are delayed in their
passage in each successive chamber to give time for their heat to pass
to the water in the tubes; these partitions in the flues or chambers
for the economizer may be perforated or partly perforated, or made
in the form of louver boards to open or close to regulate the quantity
of the gaseous products which is to be allowed to pass from one
chamber directly to the succeeding chamber, and so on from chamber to
chamber.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMIZING FUEL, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Kirtley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1874.
I, John George KIRTLEY, of Monkwearmouth, Sunderland, in the
County of Durham, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMIZING FUEL, AND APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize fuel by consuming the
smoke and combustible gases that issue from the flue or flues of furnaces
and also utilizing the waste heat that would otherwise escape there.
from.
As an example of one mode of carrying out the Invention I will
explain its adaptation to a double furnace boiler, it being understood that
the Invention is equally applicable to other boilers or furnaces.
In order to render the following description more intelligible I will
call the two furnaces A and B. In this particular case one furnace A
being charged with fuel, the smoke, gases, and heat therefrom pass
along the fluc to the back of the boiler, thence taking a diagonal and

page_text: downward direction they enter into several smoke tubes placed in an air
chamber constructed alongside and beneath the boiler. Heat is by this
means imparted to the air which surrounds the smoke tubes. On
passing through the tubes in the air chamber the smoke and combustible
gases on issuing from the other ends of the tube mingle with the heated
air which is on its way to the furnace B, and the mixed gases are there
consumed.
The smoke, combustible gases, and heat from the furnace B act in a
somewhat similar manner, except that a cover plate prevents the
resultant gases from passing into the furnace A, but obliges them to
flow onward to the chimney.
The air to support combustion in these furnaces enters through
openings provided with dampers, and passes in a serpentine direction
among or around the smoke tubes, and as the air enters at the bottom of
the apparatus and ascends among the smoke tubes, and finally escapes at:
the top it must necessarily become heated before it arrives at the exit
aperture, where it mixes with the smoke and combustible gases, and in
the one case enters the ash-pit of the furnace B, and in the other is
carried forward to the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING HOSIERY GOODS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Weldon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1874.
I, REUBEN WELDON, of Wilford Grove, Meadows, Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING HOSIERY GOODS," to be as follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to enable horizontal stripes
to be printed upon stockings evenly and continuously all round them. To
this end I employ a machine, in which two stencil plates preferably of zinc
are tightly fixed each in or upon a separate frame, the two frames being
hinged together at one side in such wise as to form one folding frame, which
can be opened or closed like the leaves of a book. When the folding
frame is closed, the two stencil plates touch each other, or very nearly
so. This folding frame is attached by a hinge to the centre of a bed so
formed and arranged that when the frame is opened as widely as it can
be, each stencil plate, but not the frame supporting and enclosing it,
rests upon a convex surface, forming, as regards its shape, part of a
cylinder.

page_text: This machine is employed as follows:-Each stocking is stretched or
ઃઃ "boarded" upon a thin "shape" also preferably of zinc, and is then
placed between the two stencil plates in the folding frame. The frame
is then closed, and by means of it the two stencil plates, with the
stocking between them, are held down upon one of the convex surfaces
above described whereby the stocking is held in its position between the
two stencil plates very tightly and firmly. Colour or dye is then brushed
in upon one side of the stocking through the slits in the upper of the
two stencil plates. The folding frame, still closed, and still enclosing
the stocking, is now turned on the hinge, attaching it to the bed until
the stencil plate, through which colour has already been brushed,
becomes the under one, resting on the other of the two curved surfaces.
Through the slit in the other stencil plate, which has now become the
upper one of the two, the colour or dye is now brushed in on to the
other side of the stocking, and as the slits in the two stencil plates
register" exactly, the stripes thus printed or dyed on the stocking are
perfectly even and continuous.
This method of printing is applicable, not only to stockings, but to
all articles made of such clastic fabrics as are employed for hosiery
goods, and to the printing upon them, not only of horizontal stripes, but
of whatever other patterns may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard Louche at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1874.
I, JOHN HOWARD LOUCHE, of Benin, Africa, at present residing at
39, Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rotary engines.
I construct rotary engines in the following manner:-On a shaft
mounted in suitable bearings I mount two similar wheels or flys. The
steam is applied to one of the wheels or flys so as to drive it and the.
shaft upon which it is fixed. The other wheel or fly being fixed on
the shaft is driven, and it serves as a rotary air pump.
The steam can be admitted to either one or other of the wheels or flys,
and the engine is reversed by changing from one to the other. Each
wheel or fly consists of a boss with radial but somewhat curved blades
enclosed between two discs which are fitted into a cylindrical case. In

page_text: .
the periphery of the case are four tangential openings for the admission
of steam. These openings are equidistant the one from the other, and
are connected by passages in which valves are fitted with the steam pipe.
A cam on the shaft lifts each valve once in each revolution, and allows a
puff of high pressure steam to pass, and the steam so allowed to pass
impinges on the blades of the wheel or fly. After acting on these blades
the steam passes out by apertures in one of the discs which enclose the
blades on either side, and as the steam escapes from the first set of
blades, viz., those already referred to, it acts upon other turbine-like
blades fixed to the disc and with it forming part of the wheel or fly, so
the steam in passing away is caused to give a second impulse to the axis.
The steam having now done its work is received into a cylindrical casing
surrounding the shaft, from which it is drawn by the other wheel or fly
which serves as a rotary air pump, exhausting the chamber and forcing
the steam into a tubular condenser, from which by an ordinary pump the
water is drawn and returned to the boiler.
The steam valves of the driven fan being out of use may be prevented
from working by sliding the cam which actuates them along the shaft
out of the way, and by sliding the cam on the shaft. The time during
which the valves are allowed to be open can be made longer or shorter,
in order that the steam may be worked more or less expansively.
In addition to the tangential steam passages in the cylinders con-
taining the wheels or fans, there is in each case an exhaust passage with
a cock upon it, which is opened when the wheel or fan is required to
work as the rotary air pump or exhauster. There is also a starting pipe
on each cylinder, by which steam may be admitted during the whole
revolution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1874.-A communication from Monsieur Gustave
Lelievre, of Clermont, in the Republic of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidelite, Paris,
in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows, that is to say:
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved method
of obtaining motive power by means of weights.
To carry out the Invention I employ a cylinder, over which is wound
a cord, having attached to its extremity a weight, the tendency of which
is to turn the cylinder. The unwinding of the cord may be regulated
by an escapement, a fly wheel, or other regulating mechanism. On-the
axis of this cylinder is a crank arm working a connecting rod which sets

page_text: in action one of the extremities of an oscillating beam or lever, having
arms of unequal length. At the extremity of the shorter arm of the
lever is a segment of a circle, from which is suspended a cord and a
weight for equilibrating this lever, which can thus be employed to work
a pump or other tool or machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FORMING SPLINTS INTO BUNDLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Pace and James Henry
Howard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th April 1874.
We, EDMUND PACE and JAMES HENRY HOWARD, both of Bow
Common, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FORMING SPLINTS INTO
BUNDLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for forming
splints into bundles, whereby the operation is performed much more
quickly and the bundles are better compressed than heretofore. For
this purpose instead of passing a strong cord with a slip knot around the
splints, and manipulating them by hand until they are sufficiently
compressed as has heretofore been the case, wo place the splints in a
trough, the width of which is equal to the length of the splints, and the
length thereof sufficient to permit of the bundle of splints being rolled
therein a distance equal to the circumference of the desired bundle. In
this trough we first place one or more straps, or cords, or their
equivalents. On these straps or cords we then place the required

page_text: number of splints to form the bundle, the cords or straps are then passed
completely around the splints, and according to one arrangement these
straps or cords are connected to a weight or spring at one end, and at
the other they are connected to levers or other means by which a to-and-
fro motion is communicated to the straps or cords, and consequently to
the splints therein to roll them backwards and forwards in the trough
until they are sufficiently condensed to be tied up. They are then tied
up in any suitable manner as heretofore, but when using our Invention
a slighter cord will answer this purpose.
In carrying our Invention into effect we prefer to use two cords or :
straps or a double cord or strap, as being the most convenient and
effective, and other means of giving a to-and-fro motion to such straps or
cords may be employed without departing from the nature of our
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO STOPPERS TO FACILITATE THE DRAWING-OFF OF LIQUIDS FROM BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS,
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jacob Herbert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1874.-A communication from abroad by Edward Russell
Wilbur, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the United
States of America.
I, HENRY JACOB HERBERT, of Charterhouse Buildings, Goswell Road,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO
STOPPERS TO FACILITATE THE DRAWING-OFF OF LIQUIDS FROM BOTTLES AND OTHER
VESSELS, a communication to me from abroad by Edward Russell
Wilbur, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the United
States of America, to be as follows:-
"
For this purpose a tube is passed through the stopper to which it is
firmly secured by two discs fixed thereto, one of such discs bearing upon
the top of the stopper, and the other bearing against the under side
thercof. This tube projects downwards from the bottom of the stopper
and is closed at its lower end, but it has formed therein two holes (one
on each side thereof), one of such holes being situated immediately

page_text: underneath the lower end of the stopper, whilst the other is close to the
lower end of the tube. The upper end of the tube also projects above
the top of the stopper to enable it to receive a suitable cap or cover
closely fitting the same.
The tube is divided from its upper end to a short distance below the
upper side hole by a division plate or diaphragm, and from the upper
end of the diaphragm and on the side in which the lower hole is formed,
the tube is cut off at an angle so as to form a suitable entrance for the
air. Thus when the cap or cover is over the tube the contents of the
bottle or other receptacle are securely protected, but when such cap or
cover is removed the contents can be readily poured out through the
tube.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNAL BOXES FOR RAILROAD CARS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Septimus
Hughes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th February 1874.-A communication from abroad
by Joseph Nottingham Smith, of Jersey City, in the County of
Hudson, and State of New Jersey, United States of America.
I, GEORGE SEPTIMUS HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNAL BOXES FOR RAILROAD CARS," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Joseph Nottingham Smith, of Jersey
City, in the County of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, United States
of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates,-
―
-
First. To certain new and improved means whereby the box or
bearings is relieved from the strains which tend to twist or turn it on the
journal, said strains being occasioned principally by the turning of
curves and acting in planes parallel to the axis of the journal; they tend
to make the box bind and heat at the ends.
Second. In a lining or bearing plate having ribs or projections on its
upper side, which fit into corresponding grooves or depressions in its

page_text: seat, thus holding it so securely that it may be broken or worn almost
entirely away without danger of becoming displaced.
Third. In a new application of a "stopping bar" to take up the end
play of the axle in the box, which is principally due to the lateral
swaying of the car.
Fourth. In new and improved devices for applying oil to the journal,
and for making the supply of oil continuous for a considerable length
of time, whereby also the waste of oil is prevented and the oil is kept
clean and from from grit and dirt.
Fifth. In an improved form of hinge joint for attaching the oil tank
to the box frame, and also for joining the oiling devices to the stopping
bar.
APPARATUS AND MEANS OF PRESERVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Swale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1874.
I, SYDNEY SWALE, of Hull, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "APPARATUS AND MEANS OF PRESERVING LIFE AT SEA,” to be
as follows:-
I combine together tubes of india-rubber cloth or other perfectly
waterproof and resisting material, and fill them with cork to a greater
or lesser extent, leaving spaces for wells or pockets with water-tight
covers in each for securing or preserving therein ship's papers and
valuables.
These tubes form floats, and they are secured together at their ends
and around their length or sides, and elsewhere throughout their length,
with or by means of ropes, Manilla ropes by preference. To the rope
running along their outer edges or on each side of the combined float I
securely attach beckets thereto, so that persons may insert their legs
therein and be secured from being washed off by the heaviest sea; and
by means of additional floats of cork secured to short lengths of Manilla

page_text: rope, each being in turn secured to the rope surrounding the float tubes,
I obtain additional floatation and stability. Moreover the means of
raising, hauling in, and launching off the raft is provided by slings
attached to the surrounding rope in like or other convenient manner to
the beckets.
I prefer to attach an exterior top or bottom covering stretched over
the tubes or floats, so as to enclose them in a matrass-like case of water-
proof material, so as to enable this life-saving apparatus to be employed as
a bed or as cabin furniture, for which purpose I employ fibrous material
to form a stuffing or filling between the tubes and the top, bottom, and
side coverings, the whole then being made up matrass like.
AN IMPROVED CEMENT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1874.
I, THOMAS HOLDEN, of Preston, in the County of. Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to manufacturing a new cement by the
introduction of "shale" in certain proportions with limestone, being
grey and blue stone, such as is at present used in the manufacture of
cement known to the trade as Portland cement.
.
The present practice is to use clay in combination with the limestone,
and the clay requires a long process of drying and preparing, which
entails considerable cost both in fuel and labour.
Now in carrying out this Invention I entirely dispense with the clay,
and in lieu thereof use "shale." The "shale" is mixed in proportions
as herein-after stated with the limestone and passed through a stone
breaker, and pulverized and finished in the usual way for making
ordinary cement.

page_text: In practice I find the following proportions will give a good result :—
"Shale" 3, grey limestone 5, blue limestone 5; but in the manufacture
if it is found that the cement is inclined to crack the proportions
will vary, namely, more shale, must be added as the manufacturer in
practice finds requisite. Also if the cement is found to be yellow and
soft then more limestone is required. The proportions therefore vary
from 2 of "shale," .2 of greystone, 2 of bluestone to 3 of "shale," 7 of
greystone, and 7 of bluestone.
In combining the compound the stone and shale must be thoroughly
well mixed together before being passed through the stone breaker, and
then must be ground by the millstones as fine as possible.
The advantages of this mixture are less cost, by saving in labour and
fuel, and also greater tensile properties in the cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND DRESSING STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hindley, of Eccles, in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR CUTTING AND DRESSING STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL."
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 10th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hindley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1874.
I, GEORGE HINDLEY, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND DRESSING STONE OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIAL,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the cutting or dressing of flat surfaces or
circular mouldings in stone or other similar material, and consists
principally in the combination of a revolving table or face plate (on

page_text: which the stone or other similar material to be cut or dressed is secured)
with a headstock carrying a revolving tool or tools to which a slowly
advancing motion is given.
I prefer to mount the table horizontally on a vertical shaft, but the
same effect may be produced by a face plate mounted vertically on a hori-
zontal shaft.
The standards on each side of the table support a headstock, on which
is mounted a tool carrier (or two or more if preferred), in which is fixed
a revolving tool in the form of a disc, having a chisel cutting edge all
round. This disc is mounted on pivots to be placed at an angle in a shank
which is fixed in the tool carrier. The tool carrier is capable of moving
in the headstock, and has a slow regular motion given to it, either by
means of a screw or otherwise so as to advance the tool or tools
gradually as the work proceeds. The headstock which is mounted
between the standards is also provided with screws or other suitable
apparatus, by means of which it can be raised or lowered to suit the
nature of the work.
I prefer to use the revolving disc shaped tool as above described, but
for some purposes an ordinary chisel shaped tool (or tools), placed at an
angle in the tool carrier mounted in the headstock, may be used in com-
bination with the revolving table or face plate carrying the work.