Year: 1896

page_text: EMILY FUGEMAN 52 Capel Road Forest Gate London E. Private Spinster,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in centrifugal churns whereby a more
forcible concussion of the cream is obtained with a less expenditure of power the
cream being driven against a stationary object as herein discribed.
For this purpose, I employ a churning vessel of cylindrical or other suitable
shape of circular section in a plane traverse to its axis.
I provide for this vessel to be rotated on its axis at a necessary speed by means
of gear wheels.
Inside of the aforsaid vessel I place a fixed objection which may be in the form
of a splash board with or without sides. and flanges made in a suitable shape.or
form so as to provide a stationary recepticle and objection.
In conjunction. and combination with this stationary receiver I place a fixed
curved projection similar to a section of a circle, fixed vertically and of suitable
depth. The extreme outer edge of the aforsaid curved projection is adjusted as
near as possible to the internal periphery of the rotating churning, vessel. The
said curved projection can be fitted with a top covering or flange or flanges, and is
adjusted into a position suitable to allow it to work, its purpose in conjunction and
in combination with the fixed splash board or recepticle.
It will now be understood that by the action of the rotating vessel, the cream
placed therein is driven outwardly & rises up the internal periphery thereof. As
the cream is carried round, it reaches the fixed curved projection and the rapid
course of the cream is diverted at an angle that sends it directly against the inside
of the aforsaid fixed recepticle, where it receives its concussion, it, then drops
again into the rotating churning vessel, and the action above. described repeats
itself until the butter globules are formed. The aforsaid fixed divertor with
combined splash receiver or recepticle can be made of suitable shape, and one or
more of such combinations may be used.
Dated this 10th day of March 1896
EMILY FUGEMAN.
I, EMILY FUGEMAN, of 52, Capel Road, Forest Gate, E., Spinster, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to centrifugal churns and has for its object to construct an
improved churn in which a more forcible concussion is imparted to the cream

page_text: particles with a less expenditure of power than has, heretofore been the case with
churns of this description.
The chief feature of my invention relates to the provision of a fixed obstacle,
splash board or receiver within the churn against which the cream particles
are projected with considerable velocity from a skimmer or scoop disposel in
close proximity to the side of the churn in a manner well known to those skilled
in the art
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawing in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a churn constructed according to my
invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same, parts being broken away.
Figures 3 to 5 are plan views illustrating modifications hereinafter described.
Like letters of reference denote similar parts throughout the drawing.
A is a churning vessel of cylindrical form which is supported on a vertical
spindle B by which it is rotated in the direction shewn in the arrow in Figure 2
through any suitable description of gearing, C is the skimmer or scoop which is
supported by cross pieces D-D from a rod E which is adjusted vertically in the
fixed frame F. In the churn shewn in the drawing the skimmer consists of two
planes placed at an angle to each other, the outermost being provided with a sharp
edge which is in close proximity to the inner side of the churning vessel. G is the
fixed obstacle or splash board against which the particles of cream are projected
from the skimmer C following paths which are approximately indicated by the dotted
lines in Figure 2.
Instead of using a splash board placed perpendicular to the line joining the
skimmer with the centre of the churn as shewn in the drawing I may place the
same so as to make any desired angle with this line. I sometimes provide an
obstacle of a curved form such as shewn in horizontal section in Figure 3 which
may or may not be provided with flanges at the top and bottom. Or the splash
board may consist of planes arranged to form a box or receiver which is open on.
the side opposite the skimmer as shewn in Figure 4.
I sometimes provide that the stream of cream shall be directed on to two or
more splash boards from the same skimmer, or from one splash board to another
before the particles return into the churn again. Such a combination of splash
boards is shewn by way of example in Figure 5.
The stream of cream particles
from the skimmer C being divided by the first obstacle G into two portions
which are caught by the splash board or boards G G suitably placed to
receive them.
The operation of my improved churn is as follows, that is to say, when the
churning vessel A is rotated in the direction shewn by the arrow in Figure 2
the cream placed therein being driven outward by the action of centrifugal force
upon the particles rises up the internal periphery and is carried round with the
same. The skimmer or scoop C being fixed, skims the cream from the vessel and
directs a stream towards the fixed obstacle or splash board G against which the
particles are propelled with considerable force depending upon the speed of rotation
of the churning vessel. The particles drop from the splash board into the bottom
of the vessel and are carried up the side again or are returned from the splash
board direct to the side, the action being continually repeated until, the butter
globules are formed owing to the impact of the cream particles against the splash
board.
I have found that by means of my improved churn butter is obtained more
quickly and at a less expenditure of force than with the centrifugal churns
hitherto in use.
Although I have herein illustrated specific forms of skimmers and splash boards
I do not restrict myself to the precise shape described since various forins of
splash boards may be used with a skimmer or scoop of any suitable design. The
churning vessel may also be of any suitable form and any desired number of

page_text: skimmers and corresponding splash boards or obstacles be provided. The churning
vessel may be furnished with a lid of suitable form if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A centrifugal churn having a skimmer or scoop for directing the cream from
the internal periphery of the churning vessel, and a fixed obstacle, splash board or
receiver against which the cream particles are directed from the said skimmer,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. A centrifugal churn provided with co-operating splash boards and skimmers
of the form shewn in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 4th dor of Iul 1896
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.