THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT FROM A BLACK POWDER OBTAINED BY THE UTILIZATION OF A CHEMICAL BY-PRODUCT OR REFUSE HITHERTO CONSIDERED USELESS, AND FOR IMPROVED APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Owen, of Bowdon, in the County of
Chester, for, the Invention of "THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT FROM A
BLACK POWDER OBTAINED BY THE UTILIZATION OF A CHEMICAL BY-PRODUCT OR
REFUSE HITHERTO CONSIDERED USELESS, AND FOR IMPROVED APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Owen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1874.
I, ROBERT OWEN, of Bowdon, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAINT FROM A BLACK POWDER OBTAINED BY THE UTILIZATION OF A CHEMICAL BY-
PRODUCT OR REFUSE HITHERTO CONSIDERED USELESS, AND FOR IMPROVED APPARatus
CONNECTED THEREWITH," (to be as follows):
:-

page_text: the manufacturers animal charcoal or carbon, contains fine particles in
sufficient quantities to enable a good and durable black or bluish paint
to be obtained with great economy.
And, Secondly. In improved apparatus for effecting the separation of
the particles.
The residue contains ashes or gritty matters and traces of potash
enveloping or mixed among the fine particles of carbon or charcoal, and
these coarse and fine matters have to be separated for the purpose of
enabling the fine particles to be used as a powder, which when worked
up with boiled linseed oil and other matters used by painters produces a
black paint, but bluish shades can be obtained by an admixture of any
of the drugs used by dyers for the purpose of having blue tints.
The aforesaid residue or by-product is received from the manufacturers
in a semi-dry state, and in one arrangement or scries of operations for
obtaining fine powder I place the residue in a tank, and thin it with
water to any required extent so that the coarser matters shall fall to the
bottom of the tank, and the finer particles flow off with the water to
another tank, and from thence, if required, to a third tank, from whence
it passes to a long trough having at intervals from one end to the other
a number of cross boards or plates with alternate upper and lower spaces
for the liquid mass to pass through, and the boards or plates act as
separators or dividers, and cause the coarser matters to fall to the bottom
of the trough, so that when the mixture has arrived at the end it contains
only the finer particles, there being sieves in the trough to prevent gritty
matters lighter than water from passing onwards.
From the trough the liquid passes into a vessel from whence it is
pumped into a vessel on a floor above, and then conveyed to one or more
vessels having false wire gauze bottoms covered with filtering cloth, and
to the true bottom is fixed a tube connected to another tube extending
to the ground or lower floor to enable the water to run off gradually
from the fine charcoal or carbon, which when dry forms the fine black
powder from which the paint is to be made.
The fine powder can also be obtained by grinding the residue in a dry
state, and afterwards sifting it in a bolting or other dressing machine,
or the residue may be ground or rolled in a moist state in a pug or other
mill, and the finer particles carried off by water to be afterwards collected
and dried in any suitable manner.

page_text: The powder, when obtained by any means whatever, is when desired
made into a pigment, and formed into square or other shaped blocks,
which are afterwards dried by natural or artificial means so that they
may be used as articles of commerce, but in this case when paint is
5 required to be made from them they have to be broken into small pieces,
and afterwards ground to a fine powder in any suitable mill.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor by the said Robert Owen
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
OWEN, of Bowdon, in the County of Chester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Owen, Her
special license that I, the said Robert Owen, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Owen, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAINT FROM A BLACK POWDER OBTAINED BY THE UTILIZATION OF
A CHEMICAL BY-PRODUCT, AND FOR IMPROVED APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Owen, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office on or before the Fifth day of November in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Owen, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: From the tanks the liquid mass passes to long troughs m, having at
intervals from one end to the other a number of cross boards or plates n,
with alternate upper and lower spaces for the liquid mass to pass through,
and the boards or plates act as separators, dividers, or refiners, and
cause the coarser particles to fall to the bottoms of the troughs, so that
when the mixture has arrived at the end it contains only the finer
particles, there being sieves in the boards or plates to prevent matters
lighter than water from passing onwards.
In order to separate the fine particles from the water, and enable
them to be collected in a dry state, the liquid passes from the troughs to
filters o, having below them air-tight compartments p, to which are
attached suction pipes q reaching to the ground floor r, the suction
pipes, which act in the same manner as syphons, being for the purpose
of exhausting the air from the compartments p in order to dry the
matter above the filtering beds to allow it to be formed into bricks or
blocks or to reduce it to a fine dry powder.
In another arrangement the liquid passes from the troughs into
vessels, from whence it is pumped into vessels on a floor above, and then
conveyed to one or more vessels having false wire gauze bottoms covered
with filtering cloth, and to the true bottom are fixed tubes connected to
other tubes extending to the ground or lower floor to enable the water to
run off gradually from the fine charcoal or carbon, which when dry forms
the fine black powder from which the paint is to be made.
The fine powder can also be obtained by grinding the residue in a dry
state, and afterwards sifting it in a bolting or other dressing machine, or
the residue may be ground or rolled in a moist state in a pug or other
mill, and the finer particles carried off by water to be afterwards collected
and dried in any suitable manner.
The powder, when obtained by any means whatever, is when desired
made into a pigment, and formed into square or other shaped blocks,
which are afterwards dried by natural or artificial means, so that they
may be used as articles of commerce, but in this case when paint is
required to be made from them they have to be broken into small pieces
and afterwards ground to a fine powder in any suitable mill.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention
I desire it to be understood that I claim the manufacture of paint from
a black powder obtained by the utilization of a chemical by-product or

page_text: refuse hitherto considered useless, and for the improved apparatus con-
nected therewith, as all such improvements are herein described and
illustrated on the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Owen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the before-named Robert
Owen, in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
ROBERT OWEN. (L.S.)