Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 6th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 12th July, 1887.
I ALEXANDER SCHANSCHIEFF of Gipsy Hill in the County of Surrey Electrician do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in electro motors.
My electro motor consists of a cylindrical armature rotating about its axis and with
a series of field magnets arranged around it. These field magnets are connected
through a commutator with a battery or other source from which the electric current
to actuate the motor is derived. The commutator brings the field magnets into circuit
successively as each is in a position relatively to the armature to act upon it
efficiently. Each field magnet present a north pole to the armature on one side of
the axis and a south pole on the other side diametrically opposite. I construct the
armature with a series of soft iron wires separated magnetically the one from the
other and each parallel to the axis. More in detail the structure of the armature may
be described as follows:-
I take very soft iron wires say 24 gauge or finer and place them in a cylinder so
that the section at right angles to the axis represents the magnetic lines of iron filings
freely falling upon a sheet of paper placed over a magnet. I then fill the cylinder
with a diamagnetic substance, metallic or non-metallic, the armature so prepared being
in the presence of the field magnets is polarized on rotating around its axis. The field
magnets are called into activity successively and maintain the rotary motion of the
armature.
In the same manner I prepare the electro magnets; I substitute steel for iron and
so make a very strong permanent magnet, much lighter than any now made of equal
power. An alternate current dynamo can be constructed without wires.
Sometimes I construct an electro motor as follows:-
I mount upon the wheel which is to be driven a series of soft iron plates to serve as
armatures. These plates are so arranged as to be equi-distant from the centre of the
wheel and all in the same plane which is a plane rotation. There are radial intervals
which separate one plate or armature from another. Parallel with the wheel I arrange
a frame which does not rotate but is provided with radial arms. These arms are one

page_text: less or more in number than the armatures, and each of them carries an electro
magnet so that its poles are in close proximity to the path of the armatures.
There is a commutator on the axis of the wheel and this brings the electro magnets
successively into circuit. When a magnet is active it tends to bring the adjacent
armature to a symmetrical position in respect to its poles during the rotation of the
wheel the circuit of each magnet is completed by the commutator before this sym-
metrical position is arrived at, and the circuit is broken again as the armature comes
up to the symmetrical position, so the rotation of the wheel is maintained, each magnet
acting in succession to propel it.
The magnets are adjustable on the radial arms and are set to and from the centre
to suit the load upon the wheel. If the load be light, the magnets are set in near to
the axis and rapid motion is obtained. On the contrary, if the load be heavy, the
magnets are set out to the outer ends of the radial arms, and the motion imparted to
the wheel is then slower and more powerful.
Dated this 4th day of August 1886

page_text: Improvements in Electro Motors.
I, ALEXANDER SCHANSCHIEFF of Gipsy Hill in the County of Surrey, Electrician,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This invention has for its object improvements in electro motors.
My electro motor is represented by Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 is an end elevation and Figure 2 is a side elevation with some of the parts
removed. This electro motor consists of a cylindrical armature a rotating about its
axis and with a series of field magnets b¹² 63 64 65 68 arranged around it. These field
magnets are connected through a commutator e with a battery or other source from
which the electric current to actuate the motor is derived. The commutator brings
the field magnets into circuit successively as each is in a position relatively to the
armature to act upon it efficiently. Each field magnet presents a north pole to the
arinature on one side and a south pole on the other side. I construct the armature
with a series of soft iron wires separated magnetically the one from the other and
each parallel to the axis. More in detail the structure of the armature may be described
as follows:-
I take very soft iron wires a¹ a¹ a¹ say 24 gauge or finer and place them in a
cylinder so that the section at right angles to the axis represents the magnetic lines of
iron filings freely falling upon a sheet of paper placed over a magnet. I then fill the
cylinder with a diamagnetic substance, metallic, as for example, lead, or non-metallic,
as for example, sealing wax, marine glue or others. The armature so prepared being
in the presence of the field magnets is polarized on rotating around its axis. The field
magnets are called into activity successively and maintain the rotary motion of the
armature.
Figures 3 and 4 show the electro motor in another form; the armature is shorter
and the electro magnets are applied at its sides in place of around the periphery.
In the same manner 1 prepare the electro magnets much lighter than any now
made of equal power. I sometimes substitute steel for iron and so make a very
strong permanent magnet. Thus an alternate current dynamo could be constructed
without wires.
Sometimes I construct an electro motor as follows:-
I mount upon the wheel which is to be driven a series of soft iron plates to serve as
armatures. These plates are so arranged as to be equidistant and all in the same
plane which is a plane of rotation. There are radial intervals which separate one
plate or armature from another. Parallel with the wheel I arrange a frame which
does not rotate but is provided with radial arms.
These arms are one less or more in number than the armatures, and each of them
carries an electro magnet so that its poles are in close proximity to the path of the
armatures. There is a commutator on the axis of the wheel and this brings the

page_text: electro magnets successively into circuit. When a magnet is active it tends to
bring the adjacent armature to a symmetrical position in respect to its poles. During
the rotation of the wheel the circuit of each magnet is completed by the commutator
before this symmetrical position is arrived at, and the circuit is broken again as the
armature comes up to the symmetrical position, so the rotation of the wheel is
maintained, each magnet acting in succession to propel it.
The magnets are adjustable on the radial arms and are set to and from the centre
to suit the load upon the wheel. If the load be light, the magnets are set in near to
the axis and rapid motion is obtained. On the contrary, if the load be heavy, the
magnets are set out to the outer ends of the radial arms, and the motion imparted to
the wheel is then slower and more powerful.
Figure 5 is a front elevation of a wheel motor constructed according to this part of
my invention. Figure 6 is a side elevation of the same with parts removed.
A
d is the road wheel of a carriage or other wheel requiring to be driven and ee are
armature plates fixed radially upon it. ff is a frame so held that it does not
revolve, it carries electro magnets g,g. In the motor represented by the drawing
the electro magnets 99 are seven in number and there are eight armatures.
commutator not shown but of ordinary construction distributes the current from a
battery or other source, to the electro magnets bringing each in succession into
circuit. If the wheel be revolving in the direction of the arrow in Figure 6 the
commutator having just cut out of circuit the electro magnet shown at the bottom
of the figure applies the current to the next magnet to the right hand and when
the armature of this magnet has been drawn to the symmetrical position similar to
that in which the lowest armature is represented then the commutator applies the
current to the next magnet and so on. The electro magnets are moveable radially
upon the frame by means of screws h h one of these screws passes through a nut on
each magnet and the magnet moves in or out when the screw is turned.
h¹h are pinions on the screws and these all engage with a crown wheel i which can
be rotated by means of a handle k and suitable gear.
This motor is very suitable for driving a tricycle; when it is so applied the only
manual labor required is that necessary for moving the electro magnets on the frame f
to regulate the power and the speed and for moving a switch or contact maker by
means of which the current can be applied to all the electro magnets simultaneously
when it is desired to apply the electric force to stop the vehicle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
1. Electro motors with armatures having soft iron wires laid parallel to the axes
and arranged substantially as described.
2. Electro motors consisting of a wheel with armature plates fixed upon it and
electro magnets moveable to and from the centre of the wheel and arranged
substantially as described.
3. Electro motors in which the driving wheel forms substantially as described an
essential part of the motor without which it cannot work.
4. Electro motors in which the motive power is applied substantially as described
nearer to or farther from the centre of rotation according as the speed or the power
is required to be increased.
Dated this 6th day of June 1887.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.