Improvements in or relating to Speed Gear or Differential Driving Gear.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 22nd Jan., 1898
Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 22nd Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Speed Gear or Differential Driving
Gear.
I, JULIUS KÜSTER, of Neon, l'haleron, near Athens, Greece, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in or relating to speed gear or
differential driving gear and for the sake of example I will proceed to describe
my invention as applied to a bicycle as follows:-
(1) Applied to the driving wheel hub:
The driven chain wheel is mounted independently of the hub and so as to be
free to revolve on or with the pin or axle on which the driving wheel revolves
such pin or axle being mounted in any suitable manner in the back forks of the
cycle.
The said driven chain wheel is provided with a ring of teeth advantageously
bevel teeth on the inside face thereof which gear with a series of bevel pinions
mounted between the former and the smaller bevel wheel the latter being formed
or fixed on a sleeve fitting around another sleeve or tube on the aforesaid pin or
axle.
A male coned clutch piece is adapted to slide longitudinally on said first-named
sleeve the latter having a flange at the end between which and the flange on said
cone a suitable spring is inserted by which the said coned clutch piece is normally
pressed in one direction i.e., a claw clutch on said cone piece is thereby normally
pressed into engagement with a corresponding claw clutch on the interior of the
hub and said male cone piece is moved in the opposite direction i.e., against the
action of said spring by any suitable means such as a slide piece adapted to move
longitudinally along the pin or axle one end of said slide piece engaging in said
cone piece while the other end of said slide piece has pivotted thereto one arm of
a bell crank or similar device the other arm of same extending through a slot
into the tube forming the back-stay or back fork and then a cord or wire or other
suitable connection therefrom passes up to the handle-bars or other convenient
point for the rider to operate the clutch and change the gear.
This is effected by moving the aforesaid cone piece out of engagement with the
claw clutch and into a female cone piece (keyed or fixed to the axle aforesaid and
forming the second part of the friction clutch and advantageously lined with
leather or other suitable substance to give a good grip) whereby the claw part of
the clutch is drawn out of engagement with the hub and the friction or cone part
of the clutch brought into engagement and consequently the gear is changed as
will be readily understood.
Instead of one cone and one claw part of the double clutch as aforesaid both the
parts of the clutch may be claws or cones if desired.
(2) Applied to the pedal crank shaft:
In this case the cranks are mounted on the axle in the usual manner the differ-
ential gearing being introduced between one of the cranke and the bottom h-a-1

page_text: while the clutch or reversing mechanism is arranged within the bottom bracket
one of the cranks being connected rigidly to an inwardly tooth-faced disc which
latter gears with a series of bevel pinions journalled in a drum or device on the
exterior of which latter the chain driving wheel is fixed said bevel pinions also
gearing with a second and smaller tooth-faced disc the arrangement being such
that when the clutch is operated in one direction thereby the said larger tooth-
faced disc is locked to the smaller tooth-faced disc and the chain driving wheel
consequently revolves equally with the cranks.
If now the clutch be reversed thereby the one tooth-faced disc is held stationary
while the other tooth-faced disc as it is revolved by the pedal cranks causes the
pinions between the two to revolve and thereby as said pinions are journalled in
the drum or mount on which the chain driving, wheel, is fixed consequently the
latter is revolved at a reduced speed.
In this case the clutch operating mechanism consists of a somewhat bell-crank
like device pivotted inside one of the tubes at or near the bottom bracket one arm
of said bell crank or device extending into the bottom bracket and forked or other-
wise so as to be adapted to engage with the sliding part of the clutch direct as is
well understood in such like clutches while the other end of said bell-crank 'has
pivotted or otherwise suitably connected thereto a rod wire or other suitable con-
nection leading to the handle bars or other convenient point as aforesaid for
operating this differential gear.
Or instead of the foregoing arrangement of differential gear and clutch I may
proceed as follows:-
To one of the pedal cranks or to the axle driven thereby I fix a flanged disc or
wheel such flange being at about right angles to the disc part thereof and on the
interior of this flange I arrange a ring of internally projecting teeth which gear
with intermediate wheel journalled or suitably mounted while a small toothed
wheel i.e., with radially projecting teeth on the periphery thereof is mounted
within said projecting Hange i.e., so that the aforesaid intermediate wheel gears
both with the internal teeth of the flange and the external teeth of said small
wheel after the manner of the " sun and planet." motion.
The double clutch of the aforesaid type advantageously a friction clutch on one
side and a claw clutch on the other (arranged within the bottom bracket) is operated
in any suitable manner as aforesaid to thus operate the differential gear viz: same
is so arranged and connected with respect to the sun and planet motion that when
the claw clutch is in gear the driving chain wheel (which is fixed to the mount in
which the aforesaid intermediate wheel is carried) is driven direct from the pedal
crank while when the said clutch is operated to disengage the claw part and
throw the friction part into gear, thereby the small toothed or sun wheel is
held while the large internally toothed or 'planet" wheel is revolved around
same and thus carries the aforesaid intermediate pinion round therewith and the
latter carries round with it. the chain driving wheel slower than the crank axle.
- Dated this 11th day of February 1897.
"
*
?
Improvements in or relating to Speed Gear or Differential Driving
Gear..
I, JULIUS KUSTER, formerly of Neon, Phaleron, near Athens, Greece, now residing
at 44, Mittelstrasse, Berlin, N.W., in the Empire of Germany, Engineer, do hereby

page_text: declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to an improved speed mechanism for differential or sun-
and-planet gear chiefly designed for use in cycles. Various devices have hereto-
fore been provided for such purposes, but. they present the defect. of being on the
one hand too heavy and liable to breakage and on the other hand too much exposed
to dust, dirt and to shocks.
1.
According to my said invention this defect is obviated by using for the change
of speed a very, simple claw or friction coupling which is arranged in the box or
casing connecting the two ball bearings.
In the accompanying drawings,
1..
Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, showing the arrangement of
my mechanism as applied to the crank shaft of the cycle.
Figure 2 is a side view of the sprocket wheel with the casing partly in section.
Figure 3 represents a section of the crank shaft showing the claws of the
coupling.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section showing the device for operating the coupling.
Figure 5 is a modification of Figure 1 hereinafter referred to.
Figure 6 is a front elevation, partly in section, showing my mechanism compris-
ing a combined friction and claw coupling and a planet motion.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of same, partly in section.
Figure 8 is a part sectional view illustrating the said coupling.
Figure 9 is a sectional view showing the device for operating the coupling.
Figures 10 and 11 represent a modification of my invention as shown in Figures 6
and 7:
Figure 12 shows a detail view of the claws of the coupling.
Figures 13, 14 and 15 represent the device for operating the coupling as attached
to the cycle frame.
Figure 16 illustrates a method of applying my invention to the driving wheel
hub of a cycle.
In carrying my invention into practice I employ differential gear having a
bevel and a straight side wheel of unequal diameters and bevel pinions. In this
case the differential gear dce (Figures 1 and 2) is arranged within the sprocket
wheel b in such a manner that one side wheel d is always firmly connected with the
shaft of the pedal crank, whilst the other wheel is provided with a sleeve g upon
whose end, which may be either polygonal in shape or round and furnished "with a
groove and feather, a coupling u is arranged to slide. When this coupling occupies
the position shown (Figure 1) the other side wheel e of the gear is firmly connected
with the shaft by means of the claws and k (Figure 3) and the wheels de of
the differential gear form together a rigid whole. When however the wire o
(Figures 1 and 6) is pulled or the tube o¹ (Figures 10, 13, 14 and 15) turned the
arms m, engaging with the annular groove in the coupling u, move the claws h
and (Figures 1 and 10) or the friction cone and lining (Figure 6) together,
thereby preventing the wheel e making a further movement. Now the intermediate
pinions of the gear, under the action of the side wheel d, revolve round the side
wheel e and cause the sprocket wheel b to turn more slowly than the shaft a with、
the wheel d. It will be seen that the greater the difference between the two side
wheels d and e the smaller will be reduction of the ratio of transmission in com-
parison to the normal ratio; that is to say the gear Figures 1 and 2 will reduce the
speed to three-fifths or nine-fifteenths of the normal ratio; the gear Figure 5 to ten-
fifteenths; the gear Figures 6 and 7 to eleven-fifteenths; and the gear Figures 10
and 11 to five-sevenths. In order that the fork m may not rub against the
annular groove in the coupling during the rotation of the latter, I provide
a spiral spring which keeps the claws and 7 in engagement; by small
screws m (Figure 15) the turning movement of the fork m may be limited.
The claws are preferably arranged so that they will engage with each other

page_text: "
obliquely, as shown in Figure 12. When reversing, the claw h strikes against
the stationary claw i and the coupling is turned so that the claw h may engage into
one of the gaps, and will be retained there by a spring g¹ (Figure 10) which at the
moment of the reversal strikes against a projection on the coupling.
With the object of reducing the weight as much as practicable the differential
wheel d (Figures 10, 11) may be made of vulcanized fibre, papier-mache or other
suitable material.
It will be evident that for obtaining a very great reduction of the ratio, say
to about one-third or one-fourth of the normal ratio (which however will hardly be
required in practice) it will only be necessary to fix the smaller wheel of the
differential gear upon the shaft a and to provide the larger wheel d with the
sleeve g and coupling.
If on the other hand it is desired to obtain a small ratio when the differential
wheels stop during normal riding, and in exceptional cases a high speed when
starting the movement of the gear, the intermediate pinions c of the differential
gear may be firmly connected with the shaft, whilst in proportion to the amount of
the desired reduction of ratio the larger or the smaller wheel of the differential
gear is coupled.
In case the whole mechanism should get out of order I may provide a spare
fastening device, such as for instance the screw b¹ (Figure 2) which in case of need
may connect the sprocket wheel directly with the shaft, so that even in the case
of breakage of all the teeth and claws it would be possible to continue the riding
at the normal speed.
In Figure 16 I have shown the application of my said invention to the driving
wheel hub. The sprocket wheel b is not connected directly with the hub, but
furnished with a toothed crown d. With this toothed crown engage the teeth
of the pinions c, the shafts of which are firmly connected with the wheel hub; more-
over the pinions engage with a wheel e which is provided with a sliding
coupling vk 1 (or which, when spur wheels are employed in lieu of bevel wheels,
may itself be adapted to slide). When the coupling occupies the position shown it:
is connected by claws. with the hub, and the wheels d, e, e of the differential
planet gear constitute a rigid hole. When however the bar m is pulled in the
direction of the arrow by the bell-crank lever m m, the cone will be forced into
the fixed lining w and the coupling and therefore also the wheel c is prevented from
continuing to turn, thereby causing the wheels d c e to roll against each other
and effecting a reduction of the ratio of transmission.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
In cycles the differential or sun-and-planet gear with toothed side wheels of
unequal diameters and a claw or friction coupling which is arranged in a casing
uniting the cups or races of the bearings and which in one position can be firmly
connected with the rotary part when the differential wheels do not turn relatively
to each other, and in the other position with the frame or parts firmly secured to
the frame by claws or a friction coupling, substantially as set forth with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
CHARLES JUNGE,
Agent for the Applicant.