IMPROVE MENTS IN PORTFOLIOS FOR HOLDING PAPERS.
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Reynolds Fayerman, of 79, Pall Mall, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN PORTFOLIOS FOR HOLDING PAPERS.".
Sealed the 11th May 1855, and dated the 19th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Reynolds Fayer-
man at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th March 1855.
I, EDMUND REYNOLDS FAYERMAN, of No. 79, Pall Mall, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTFOLIOS FOR HOLDING PAPERS " to be as follows:-
Various methods have been adopted for holding papers in a portfolio, namely,
by strings fastened to the back of the case, by cords or pins run through the
papers, by screws, and otherwise. By access to the back of the portfolio, and
adjusting of the strings, improvements may be effected affording facility for
inserting papers, holding them without making holes, removing them without
disturbing those already inserted, and inserting them in any parts of the
portfolio or within other papers therein.
.The Invention consists of a portfolio case with a double leather back, having
therein a flat metal plate and holes made through the back at the corners and
sides. Within the case is placed a wire frame, and over the ends thereof

page_text: ::..
holding strings are tied which are free-to be moved along those ends. At the
corners of the frame cords are fastened which are carried through the corner
holes in the back, and then through the side holes to the inside, and tied to the
respective sides of the frame.. To insert. inrthe, case a folded sheet of paper,
the cords are untied and loosened, the frame turned upwards, the leaves of the
paper passed through the frame at the back, the holding string placed between
the bend of the paper, the cords drawn tight and tied as, before, and the sheet
of paper is held in the case. Many variations may be made without departing
from the principles of the Invention:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Reynolds Fayerman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS: SHALL COME; I; EDMUND
REYNOLDS FAYERMAN, of No. 79, Pall Mall, in the County of: Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edmund Reynolds Fayerman, Her special licence that I, the said
Edmund Reynolds Fayerman, my exécutors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Edmund Reynolds Fayerman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, shouldrat. any time cagree with, and no others; from
time to time, and. at all.times..thereafter during the term..therein.expressed,
should and lawfully, might, make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTFOLIOS, FOR HOLDING: PAPERS,"
upon the condition. (amongst others).that I, the said Edmund Reynolds
Fayerman, by an instrument in writing under. my hand. and seal,. should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar: months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the, said... Edmund Reynolds Fayerman, do.
hereby declare the nature of my. said. Invention, and in what manner the same.

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly. described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, and the Drawings therein referred to:-
.
3
Various methods have been adopted for holding papers; in a portfolio;
namely, by, strings fastened to the back of the case, by cords .or: pins run
through the papers; by screws, and otherwise. By giving access to the back
of the portfolio, and adjusting of the strings and holders, improvements may be
effected affording facility for, inserting papers, holding them without making
holes, removing them without disturbing those already inserted, and inserting
them in any parts of the portfolio, or within other papers therein.
Fig. 1 and 2 are portfolios in which the improvements are carried out, and
many variations may be made.
Fig. 1 is a portfolio; A 1, A 2, being the two sides, and B, a double leather
back, within which is fixed a flat zinc plate, of sufficient width to allow the
sides to bend freely, holes being made through the back at the corners! a, b, c, d,
and at the sides e, f.. C, D, E, F, is a hard brass wire holding frame; over
the two ends C, E, a holding string a, a, of thread, silk, wire, or other suitable
material, is placed, and the ends of the string tied together, which string is
free to be moved along the ends of the frame, other strings being added in like
manner. At each corner of the frame a cord is fastened, and carried through
the corner hole in the back of the portfolio. The two cords at the corners on
the right-hand side are then passed through the side hole to the inside, and
tied to that side of the frame, and the cords on the left-hand side are tied in a
similar manner.
:
'
To insert a folded sheet of paper, the cords on one side are to be untied and
loosened, the frame turned upwards, and the leaves of the paper passed through
the frame at the back. The holding string a, a, or one portion of it, coming
within the bend of the paper, the cords are then to be drawn tight and
fastened as before, and the sheet of paper is held in the portfolio. As the
holding strings are distinct and movable on the ends of the frame, they can
be separated, and additional holding strings put on wherever necessary. The
access and adjustment will allow papers to be easily inserted, removed or
transposed from one part to another, without disturbing those already inserted;
and the opening of the frame on both sides facilitates the insertion of papers
near the respective sides, and allows the frame and papers to be put. into
another case. To give more firmness to the holding of papers, a groove cut
may be made at any part in the bend of the papers, and a cord fixed to one
side of the frame, then carried through the groove between the papers and the
olding strings, and fastened to the other side of the frame, which may be
epeated at other parts. To insert a folded paper within a section consisting

page_text: of several folded papers at any given opening (other than the central one,
within which any folded paper can be placed), the introduced paper is to be
placed in that opening, a holding string put within the bend of the introduced
paper, passed over the ends of the frame, and tied together at the back.
Instead of the holding string being in the above form, it may be single, and
tied to each end of the frame; or the string may have a loop at one end, and
the other end tied to it in a bow for being removed at pleasure; or the string
may be in consecutive rounds, with occasional ties on one end of the frame,
the strings being free to be moved along the ends of the frame.
Variations may be made in the frame, and in the mode of fixing the sides
of the frame to the back, or combining the frame therewith. The frame may
have double ends, the inner one for the holding strings, and the outer end for
the cords, or the ends or sides may be tubes, or the ends indented in the centre
for the better holding of the strings. The frame on one side may be made
with a hinge, a holding portion of the frame being inserted in one side of the
portfolio, or it may be hinged to the back, thus making that side fixed and the
other side only to be opened. Instead of the frame being movable, it may be
fixed in the portfolio, the two sides of the frame forming parts of the sides of
the portfolio, with adjoining bendable sides; and one edge of the back B is to
be fixed to one side of the case, the side of the frame coming between, so as to
bend freely, and the other edge of B is unfixed, but is fastened to the other
side by a cord. On loosening the cord, and opening the back, papers can be
inserted and removed. A flexible back may be formed by omitting the metal
back plate, and instead thereof placing a slip of metal within the back near
each side of the case, and some wires in the intermediate space, and making
the sides of the frame with wire, and the ends of the frame with suitablo
flexible material, the holes, strings, and cords being made and attached as
before.
any
Fig. 2 is a portfolio in two parts, of which a section is given in Fig. 3.
A1, A2, are the two bendable sides; B1, B2, are one entire metal plate,
and B3, B4, another. When put together B3 slides over B2. In B1
holes are made and tubes or holders fixed at different parts, extending across
B2; and in B 4 pins or holders are fixed, extending across B 3, of sufficient
size to be placed within the opposite tubes. The two parts are joined by cords
tied through holes made in B2, B3. The cords may be tied loosely, so as
to allow of one part of the portfolio being so far separated from the other as to
leave an opening between the two parts.
To insert a paper, the inner holders are to be drawn out, and the outer
holders passed through holes made in the paper, the inner holders replaced

page_text: and the two parts joined, and the paper is held in the portfolio; or the paper
being first put on the pins, they may be inserted in the tubes and the paper
transferred to the tubes. To insert a paper between others in any part of the
portfolio, or remove a paper therefrom, the inner holders are to be partially
drawn out, the required portion of papers removed from the outer holders to
the inner holders, and those holders then entirely drawn out, and the paper
can be inserted or removed. The inner holders are to be reinserted, and the
papers which had been removed from the outer holders replaced, and the parts
joined as before.
Any number of holders may be employed. If, for example, there be four
holders, as in Fig. 2, one at each end, and two central, the two end holders
may be used with holding strings for bended papers, and the two central
holders for unbended papers. Groove cuts may be made in the bend of the
papers, as in the preceding illustration, and the central holders will act as
binders, the holding string being round the bend of the paper. A sufficient
space being left between the holders and the back, the portfolio is applicable
to both bended and unbended papers.
Variations may be made thus:-A 2 on the left-hand edge to bend on the
right-hand edge of B2, and then B3, B4, may be made by itself to slide over
B2, and this part will be retained in the portfolio by the bending up of the
side A 2. If there be only one or more central holders, then B 3, B4, may be
reduced in length; this may be varied by removing A 2, and joining B3, B4,
by a cord to the other part. Instead of tubes and pins, pins only may be used,
the first and third being on one side, and the second and fourth on the other.
When closed, the papers are held on all the pins, and when opened for
admitting papers between others, portions are beld on the two pins on each
side. The ends of one part are turned up and form grooves, so that the other
part may slide in. When required for holding only, without intermediate
insertion, the construction may be as in Fig. 2, omitting on one part the tubes,
but having the holes, and the opposite part having the pins on which the
papers are to be held, the pins at the ends serving for the holding strings for
intermediate insertion of bended papers; the two parts to be joined together
by a cord, so as to allow, when loosened, sufficient width between the points of
the pins and the opposite part for inserting papers. The pins may be of a
length to admit of their being placed in the opposite holes when the parts are
combined. This may be varied by omitting B1, B2, and letting A 1 bend on
the left-hand side of B 3. Taking one part with a single holding for another'
illustration, that part may be one entire metal plate in the form B 1, B2, and
on B2 a tube may be fixed at any part, into which a screw pin of equal

page_text: length may work,, and a holding for papers is obtained, affording access for
inserting, or removing them, as before, B.1 acting as the back, and B 2. as an
unbendable side. The pin may be headed of sufficient size for retaining, the
papers on the holder, and be joined to the back with a cord. In this
Invention it, is not intended, to limit it to the precise arrangements in the
illustrations and the variations which have been given, as many variations may
be made without departing from the principles of the Invention.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim as my Invention, a portfolio having a movable
holding frame, or a movable. back, or movable. holding, strings, or movable
holders, or holders in combination with the back or case.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said. Edmund Reynolds Fayerman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the First day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
E. K. FAYERMAN. (L.S.)