matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL RESISTING MEDIUMS, MORE PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN VACUUM AND OTHER ELECTRIC LAMPS AND TUBES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert. Henelade Courtenay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1881.
"
ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY, of 5, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL RESISTING MEDIUMS, MORE
PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN VACUUM AND OTHER ELECTRIC LAMPS
AND TUBES."
This Invention relates, firstly, to the preparation of carbon and mediums with
carbonaceous surfaces, some of which mediums become wholly carbonized by the
action of the electric current.
Secondly, in forming carbon into threads. In order to effect the above I
prepare the mediums and carbon substantially as follows. I prepare a fibrous
substance (by preference silk twist or sewing silk composed of one or more threads)
by rubbing into the fibre a saccharine matter (by preference the fruit of the date),
after which I rub the silk or other fibre with a compound composed of plumbago,
saccharine matter, and asbestos, which renders the fibre hard and smooth; the ends
of the prepared silk or fibre are cemented to the platina wires, and the insulating
compounds, or to the glass tubes containing the compound through which the wires
pass. The insulating compound which I prefer to employ is composed of asbestos
and fire clay. The resisting medium before mentioned is placed in a tube and
gently heated in order to harden the compound, after which a circuit of the
current can be obtained by means of the silk or other fibrous medium prepared as
above. It is now ready for mounting in glass of any suitable form sealed and
exhausted of air. In order to make solid carbon resistances in the form of thread
or wire I take the stone of the date fruit or other fruit stones of a similar nature
and a portion of the date fruit itself, or any substance of a saccharine nature, and
carefully carbonize the same, also cotton, wool, or cloth; I reduce the stones and
saccharine substance so carbonized to powder and mix the same with a small
proportion of asbestos and cotton carbon powder which is then made into a stiff
paste with the raw fruit of date or other saccharine matter; after which it is
rolled out into threads of carbon on cotton powder carbon into attenuated threads
of the required thickness (which may be as thin as No. 36 wire), and mounted in a
similar way to that above described.
The before mentioned electrical resisting medium is also applicable for micro-
phonic and other electrical purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS OR HOISTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Thomas Medway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1881.
MATTHEW THOMAS MEDWAY, of No. 11, Brindley Street, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS OR HOISTS."
My Invention relates to means of working lifts or hoists in cases where a moderato
power, such as that of the hand, or of a small steain or water engine, or of a gas
motor engine, is available. I work from the prime-moving shaft by suitable
gearing a screw which turns in a nut attached to a set of moveable pullies. A
chain or rope passing round these pullies and round another sot of fixed pullies is
connected over a top guide pulley to the platform or cage that is to be raised and
lowered. I so far balance this as to relieve the screw gear of part of the load when
the weight is ascending, and it is convenient for this purpose to mount the nut in
a heavy weight which slides in vertical guides, the screw then, when it is turned
in the one direction, lowering this weight and raising the cage, and when it is
turned in the other direction raising the weight and lowering the cage.
number of fixed and moveable pullies is so determined as to multiply a moderate
stroke of the nut sufficiently to give the full stroke to the cage.
The
According to a modified arrangement of the apparatus I attach the nut to an
endless chain passing over a guide pulley and a chain wheel, and on the axis of this
chain wheel I fix a wheel or barrel of larger diameter, to which is attached the
chain or rope that works the lift, the stroke of the nut being thus multiplied by
the use of the larger wheel or barrel, and this may be farther multiplied by
introducing gear between the chain wheel worked by the nut and the wheel or
barrel that works the lift.
IMPROVED PENCIL CASE OR HOLDER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigmund Guiterman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by L. L. Tower, of the City of New York, in the County and
State of New York, United States of America.
« AN
SIGMUND GUITERMAN, of Lawrence Lane, in the City of London.
IMPROVED PENCIL CASE OR HOLDER." [A communication from abroad by L. L.
Tower, of the City of New York, in the County and State of New York, United
States of America.]
This Invention relates to an improved pocket pencil case or holder of the kind
in which the lead is gripped by a split tube whose jaws are compressed together
upon the lead by the conical end of an outer sheath, the lead when the pencil is
carried in the pocket being released and dropped back into the interior of the stem
or handle.
The object of the Invention is to enable the lead to be very readily fixed in or
released from the jaws, and this end is accomplished by making the sheath slide in
or upon a tubular extension of the stem of the handle. The Invention also has for
its object to impart to the contracted or conical end of the sheath a certain amount
of elasticity to accomodate the pencil to receive leads of different sizes.
According to this Invention the sliding sheath is in the form of a cylindrical
tube for a part of its length, which is fitted to slide with slight friction within the
tubular extension of the handle, and is retained therein by an enlargement or
flange on the inner end of the tube being received within an enlarged part of the
tubular extension and abutting against a shoulder formed thereon. The end of
the sheath which confines the jaws of the split tube or lead holder is made conical
or contracted so as to compress the jaws firmly upon the lead, and is formed with
a knurled or milled shoulder to enable it to be readily moved in or out, and the
conical part has a longitudinal slit at one side to impart the desired elasticity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Pfannkuche at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1881.
GUSTAV PRANNKUCHE, of Delahay Street, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC LAMPS."
The principal object of this Invention is to protect and preserve the burner
against deterioration or gradual destruction by oxydation or otherwise. For this
purpose and instead of enclosing a so called incandescent burner in a vacuous
globe as heretofore, I envelope it in a transparent mass or body, such as glass.
When using a burner of platinum wire, say, coated with iridium, I preferably first
enclose it or coat it with china clay or equivalent substance, and then envelope it
in a lump of liquid glass of a tough and light refracting and heat radiating
quality, this lump or piece is then exposed to pressure so as to squeeze out any air,
gas, or vapours, and so as to give it any desired or suitable form. I treat carbon
and other burners by similar means. The object of the china clay coating is to
prevent the too sudden heat action on the glass when the current is suddenly
passed through the burner. The platinum or other burner has stout connecting
terminals which serve to handle it by driving the aforesaid treatment. The glass
lump may be formed or ground and polished like a precious stone, and made of
any desired colour. The construction and material of the terminals and the
adjacent parts of the burner insulating material are adapted relatively so as to
avoid deleterious effects of unequal expansion by heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO SPINDLES FOR LOOMS, MORE ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO THEIR ADJUSTMENT AND FASTENING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Boyd Thompson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1881.
ROBERT HENRY BOYD THOMPSON, of Hollinwood, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO SPINDLES FOR LOOMS, MORE
ESPECIALLY IN RELATION TO THEIR ADJUSTMENT AND FASTENING."
In the ordinary mode of fixing loom spindles, they are held between the spindle
stud and the box end spring, and are inadjustable as regards height at the box end;
while not being held tight they wear away the spring and the stud, requiring
continual repairs.
Now my Invention consists in clipping the ends of the spindle firmly as in a
vice so that it cannot shake, and in arranging the clipping apparatus so that it
shall be adjustable vertically. One plan of doing this is as follows:-Bolted in a
slide or in a slot on the box end I fix a shackle or hollow stud projecting upward,
and in this hollow stud I place an eye bolt adjusted with a nut. To fasten the
spindle I insert the end in the eye bolt and tighten up the nut of the eye bolt, till
the spindle is wedged tight between the eye bolt and the grooved projection or
base of the shackle or hollow stud. I then adjust the spindle to its normal
position and tighten the bolt fastening the shackle or hollow stud to the box end,
so as to make it immovable. The other end can be fixed in a similar manner if
desirable, but as a rule will be held so tight at the spindle stud end, that a mere
tight fit in a hole is sufficient.
In altering an old loom, I sometimes take away the spring and put in its place
a cast-iron piece with a socket to fit the spindle. This piece is fixed tightly to the
box end by screws or otherwise; my new spindle stud or its equivalent to firmly
grasp the other end of the spindle then replaces the usual spindle stud. One
advantage of my Invention is that even if the fastening were to become loose, as
the present springs sometimes do, the spindle cannot fly out, as the end would come
against the shackle or its bolt, which are stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRILLINGS AND TRIMMINGS, AND IN MACHINES THEREFORr.
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Alfred Cowper, of 6, Great George Street, in
the City of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FRILLINGS AND TRIMMINGS, AND IN MACHINES THEREFORr.'
"
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Alfred Cowper at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1881.
EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of 6, Great George Street, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRILLINGS AND TRIMMINGS, AND IN
MACHINES THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to the production of new frillings or trimmings
composed of narrow fabric, either plain, crimped, goffered, or lace fabric, and a band
fabric. The frill fabric is laid in pleats on the band in a curved form, known
as a "curtate trochoid," and is attached to the band by its inner edge.
I produce such frilling or trimming by means of a new frilling or trimming
machine, which consists of the stitching parts of a sewing machine (omitting the
feed motion), and combined with other mechanism as follows:-
First. There is a carrier or table which rotates, and in rotating carries the work
round with it.
Secondly. There are provided on the carrier rollers to supply and move forward
the band fabric on which the lace or frill fabric is to be fastened, and to take away
the work as finished; such rollers turn in bearings attached to the carrier, and move
round with it.
Thirdly. There is a pleating blade to produce pleats in the frill fabric as it is fed
into the machine.
Fourthly. There are one or more pressers to press down the fabric as soon as
pleated at the place where the needle of the machine sews it down on to the
band.

page_text: Fifthly. There is provided a trough or receptacle which rotates, in order that it
may conveniently receive the finished frilling or trimming.
Sixthly. There is in the centre of the carrier a surface in which is a hole to
receive the point of the needle in its downward motion. The needle works at
some little distance from the centre, about which the carrier moves, that is to say,
such a distance as it is wished that the stitching should extend on either side of
the centre of the band.
The speed of the band through the machine, and the speed of rotation of the
carrier, are so proportioned that the line of stitching forms a "curtate trochoid," or
a curve looping over itself at every revolution of the carrier.
Such loops may be made larger or smaller at pleasure by simply altering the
speeds.
The lace or frill fabric is fed down through a trough or guide from a roller onto
the band in the machine, and the pleating blade then pleats a portion, which is
pressed down by the pressers onto the band, and passes on until the edge is stitched
down to the band by the needle of the machine, the effect being to sew the lace or
frill fabric onto the band in the form of a "curtate trochoid," or loops constantly
overlying each other.
Year: 1881

page_text: 1000 parts.
The nitrobenzole, which smells like oil of bitter almonds, is prepared by
introducing concentrated nitric acid together with sulphuric acid into benzine.
The linseed oil is first inixed with the olive oil under continual stirring or shaking
in a suitable glass or wooden vessel. The picked gum mastic is then added and
the stirring continued until the whole is dissolved, after which the sulphuric ether
is added and then the gum benzoe solution, the stirring or shaking being continued.

page_text: The spirits of turpentine, tinctura curcumae, and nitrobenzole are then added in
like manner, that is to say, each substance separately in the order mentioned, after
the previously added substance has been thoroughly incorporated. The compound
thus prepared is then covered over and allowed to stand for some hours. The
temperature at which the above admixture is effected should not be below about
72° Fahrenheit.
In employing this compound it is first applied lightly to the polished surface
with a brush, and the surface is then rubbed with a soft woollen cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF LAND
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cram Coulson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1881.
ROBERT CRAM COULSON, of Stamford, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR THE CULTIVATION OF LAND."
The object of my said improvements is to simplify and facilitate the operations
known as ploughing and harrowing in the cultivation of land.
The means whereby I effect this object is as follows:-To an ordinary wheel
plough I fit a longitudinal shaft with bevel or other suitable gear attached to such
shaft, and also to one or more of the wheels of such plough in such a manner that
the rotation of the wheel or wheels causes the rotation of such shaft. This shaft
therefor rotates in a transverse direction, or at right angles to the line of travel of
the plough. To this shaft I attach a conical or cylindrical or other rotating
harrow, consisting of suitable spikes, points, or cutters radiating from the centre,
which act upon the soil immediately after it is turned over by the plough, and
before it has time to harden or set. This harrowing tears up and partially levels
the ridges of the furrows made by the plough by operating at right angles to such
furrows.
I also fit swing ploughs with a similar apparatus by fitting a wheel or wheels in
a suitable position for giving motion to and actuating the shaft of the harrow.
I also attach to the after end of the plough vertical or nearly vertical fixed
barrows for the purpose of harrowing the furrow immediately behind the plough.
I also fix a drum of a conical or any other suitable form in the after part or
middle of the breast of the plough, such drum being fixed on a vertical or diagonal
shaft. By this method the breast of the plough is reduced, allowing the furrow to
press on the drum and thereby cause its rotation. The drum at the same time
turns the furrow over in lieu of the breast of the plough. On the top of the drum
I fix bevel gear for driving the shaft of the rotary harrow which is fitted close to
the drum.
In some cases I fit rotary harrows without ploughs being attached thereto, and
actuate the same or cause them to rotate by means analogous to those before
mentioned.

page_text: It is obvious that such combined ploughs and harrows, or rotating harrows
uncombined with ploughs, may be drawn by horses or by steam power.
By the means herein before described the operations of ploughing and harrowing
may be united in one operation, and one team of horses will suffice for carrying
out the same; and the rotary harrows, whether combined or uncombined with
ploughs, perform their functions in a superior manner to those now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES FOR MARINE AND STATIONARY PURPOSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Skeffington Boyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
ROBERT SKEFFINGTON BOYER, of Bute Docks, Cardiff, Consulting Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES FOR MARINE AND STATIONARY
PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in so constructing marine and stationary compound
steam engines (high and low pressure) in such a manner that the cylinders (two
or more) are all worked from and by one crank, the high pressure cylinder being
placed within the low pressure cylinder, when the latter would be fitted with an
annular piston with double packing rings; or the high pressure cylinder may be
placed side by side with the low pressure cylinder, as is usually done. Under all
or any circumstances however the pistons of both cylinders would be worked from
and by one crank only, and the distribution of steam to the two or more cylinders
(both high and low pressure) would be regulated by means of one slide valve only
instead of employing one slide valve to each cylinder with its accompanying valve
gears, accessories, &c., as is now usual.
The advantages obtainable under and by using my Invention are that the
number of working parts in an engine built or designed on this principle are
greatly reduced, and that far less space is occupied, an object of great importance,
especially for marine engines, where the space is always limited, as in the engine
room of sea-going steamers, as well as steam vessels of a smaller kind, viz., tugs,
yachts, and coasting steamers. The risks of breakdowns at sea are also minimized
owing to the reduction of the number of working parts.
IN APPARATUS FOR SINGEING FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Walton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1881.
JAMES WALTON, of Collyhurst, in the County of Lancaster.
IN APPARATUS FOR SINGEING FABRICS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of this Invention is to singe the fabric on both sides at one operation,
instead of having to pass the fabric over heated plates twice, singeing first one side
of the fabric and then the other as heretofore.
The Invention consists in the employment and use of two revolving cylinders,
which are heated by gas or other suitable means.
These cylinders are mounted in bearings upon a framework, and set about (say)
a yard apart, and are driven in opposite directions by spur gearing.
The cylinders are closed at each end, and are heated by any suitable arrangement
of apparatus, but I prefer to heat them by means of an apparatus for which Letters
Patent were applied for by Joseph Howarth, No. 1845, A.D. 1876, by means of
which the cylinders are heated to a red or white heat.
The fabric is fed at one end of the machine through guide rollers and passes
under one cylinder and over the other, which revolve in the opposite direction to
that in which the cloth is passing, thus singeing both sides of the fabric at one
operation. The cloth is then taken through draw rollers at the other end of the
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Sparshott Wastfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1881.
EDWARD SPARSHOTT WASTFIELD, of Bath, in the County of Somerset, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
In constructing this engine I prefer to employ an inverted cylinder; the piston
is a long one, something like that of an ordinary trunk engine, but it is also
prolonged upon its inner side in a similar way, or the inner prolongation alone may
be used if preferred, the recess thus formed giving room for the charge without the
necessity of using a very long cylinder, as is now commonly done. I also form in
or beside the cylinder, for instance, in the bed plate when convenient, a cavity
which acts in a somewhat similar manner to that of the air vessel of a pump, my
object in employing it being to allow the air which it contains to be compressed by
the explosion, thus mitigating its violence and storing up the power for more
gradual developement. I prefer to use a single slide valve upon the cylinder for
admitting the charge, though I may use an additional valve if desired, & a
separate valve for the exhaust. The valve is driven from an eccentric loose upon
the main shaft and driven at an equal or different speed by the following means:--
Upon or attached to the eccentric is a wheel or pinion, and there is another upon
the engine shaft. A small counter shaft which is parallel with the engine shaft
carries two other wheels or pinions which respectively gear with those of the
eccentric. and shaft. By this arrangement the eccentric can be driven at any
required speed relatively to the shaft. Suitable framework or equivalent carries
the countershaft.
I prefer as stated above to use an inverted cylinder because that arrangement
forms a very compact engine, but I can of course employ a vertical, horizontal, or
inclined cylinder according to circumstances. The framework is as simple as it can
be conveniently made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF SHAWLS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Millar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
ROBERT MILLAR, of the Firm of J. and R. Millar, of Paisley, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Shawl Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF SHAWLS."
THE
This Invention has reference to improvements in and connected with the weaving
and manufacture of reversible Paisley or harness shawls of the cheaper class,
usually made wholly of cotton, variously coloured yarns with wholly cotton or
wholly stained silk warps, but by these improvements having advantages in
beauty, quality of durability, and economy of production over such reversible
shawls as heretofore manufactured.
The nature and novelty of this Invention or improvements consist in weaving
the shawl, fabric, or web in a loom with two distinct warps, one of cotton as usual,
and the other of silk, each warped and mounted on different beams, and respectively
drawn or passed through alternate splits of the reed, so as to bind and show with
the pattern weft only on opposite sides of the fabric, while the cotton warp might
as usual be dyed of an uniform colour throughout to harmonize or agree with the
prevailing colour of the ground and pattern of the shawl. But by a further
improvement the silk warp would only have those parts or lengths which were to
be woven into the body of the shawl of such uniform colour corresponding to the
cotton warp and harmonizing with the colours of the shawl, while the short parts
between each shawl of the web (which are woven into the borders of the shawls,
and are left unwoven between these to form the fringes) would be printed or
stained in the "chain" " before being beamed in various colours and stripes of any
desired width; and the cotton and silk warps would be woven into a narrow
binding stripe of plain cloth at the end and beginning of each shawl or border
close to the fringe part, where the two warps would be kept separate by a shot of
strong cord or other weft thread passed through between them at this end, binding
part of each shawl and its border at the fringes, and thus enable the cotton warp
of these loose unwoven parts to be cut away after the web was woven, and thus
leave the unwoven striped silk warp to be cut in the centre when finishing and
cutting off the shawls to form the loose ornamental silk striped fringe out of the
body warp of a reversible and otherwise nearly wholly cotton shawl, so saving the
sewing on or needling in of silk fringes as heretofore practised in these cotton
shawls having silk borders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL WATERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whaley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1881.
WILLIAM WHALEY, of No. 2, East Mount Street, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
MINERAL WATERS."
This Invention consists of a circulating converter for charging water with
carbonic acid or other gas. It may be made of iron enamelled inside, or of copper
well tinned inside, or of any other suitable material. It is by preference of a
cylindrical form, the length being much greater than the diameter, and placed
vertically on one end in order to facilitate the mixing of the gas with the water.
The feed of gas and water enters a little above the middle of the length from an
ordinary pump. The circulating gas is taken from a point about or 8 inches
from the top so as to form a reservoir for any air which may be driven out of the
water, or which may accumulate from any other source, from whence it can be let
off from time to time either through the safety valve or by a suitable cock
fitted for the purpose. The gas then passes from this point to the circulating
pump, which may be either reciprocating or rotary; it is then delivered at a point
about 2 or 3 inches from the bottom into a rose of cast block tin which almost
fills the converter, and has a centre hole for the circulation of the water in addition
to the space at the periphery. The top side of the rose is perforated with a large
number of very small holes for the purpose of splitting up or dividing the gas; it
then passes through the water by its own specific gravity, and is continuously
absorbed by the water. The gas which is not taken up by the water is then ready
to be sent through again and again, so that there is a constant ebullition going
on, and the water is impregnated with gas to any extent required in proportion
to the demand from the cylinder and the velocity at which the circulating pump
is worked. The circulating pump which I prefer to use is double acting with the
usual valves and passages. The power required to work this pump is very small
as the pressure is very nearly equalised therein. This pump draws its supply of
gas from the top end of the converter and causes it to enter at the lower end, and
the pressure upon the piston is therefore that due to the height of the column of
water and the friction of the gas through the passages. The gas when injected
rises by its own gravity. The water is drawn off from the bottom plate in the
space below the rose and thence conveyed to the bottling machines.
A NEW Show Card Manufacturer, trading as the Glass Show Card Company.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Mousley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1881.
FREDERICK MOUSLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Glass
"A NEW
Show Card Manufacturer, trading as the Glass Show Card Company.
OR IMPROVED MODE OR MEANS OF EXHIBITING OR GIVING PUBLICITY TO
TRADE MARKS OR OTHER TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS; ALSO MEANS OF PROTECTING
SAME."
My Invention consists in applying to the base of drinking glasses (such as are
used for wine, spirits, ales, and other like drinks), or mugs or cups made of metal
having glass bottoms, trade marks, devices, or other trade advertisements, in order
to bring the same into general notice, thereby giving great publicity to the names
of firms, articles, or the many various productions requiring to be brought
prominently under public notice.
This Invention therefore supplies a cheap, effective, and permanent mode of
advertising. In carrying the same into effect I proceed in the following manner :-
I take (by preference) an ordinary ale glass and paint the name of the firm or
article, as may be required, on the under side of the base of such glass in any
suitable design, or colour, or colours, and secure it by varnishing or other equivalent
process; or it may be enamelled on the glass by being painted and afterwards
burnt in; or the advertisement may be printed on paper the requisite size and
shape, and then fixed to the glass by any suitable adhesive liquid; or the said
mark or device can be fixed upon the glass by the transferring or any other like
process, the different modes varying according to cost or design required. It will
be readily seen that any glass or any like receptacle for holding beverages, which
are too numerous to mention, standing upon the bar table, or the like, usually in a
public place, or room, brings the advertisement under the immediate notice of the
person using the same. To prevent the said advertisement being damaged by
being scratched or otherwise obliterated by the base of the glass coming in contact
with the table or other surface when in use, I fix a rim of metal around the edge
of the glass, projecting slightly below the base, which will not only protect the
advertisement from coming in contact with the table as before described, but will
also prevent the base of the glass being damaged by being chipped or partly broken
off, a very common occurrence with ale or other glasses in constant use.
required it can be further protected by covering the whole of the base with metal,
securing it by turning over the edges as before described.
If
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING-MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1881.
A communication from Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze, of Hamburg, in
the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in
the City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING-MACHINES."
A communication from Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze, of Hamburg, in the
German Empire.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in weighing machines, and relates
to that class of weighing-machines wherein the load-bridge or platform is supported
by levers used for transmitting the play of the bridge or platform to the weigh-
beam. The arrangement of the supporting levers is such that the bridge rests
upon two double-armed balanced levers by which it is supported at four points.
The inner ends of the two double-armed levers act upon one balance lever placed
likewise underneath the load-bridge and above the double-armed levers, and
arranged in the centre-line of the machine.
The inner end of this central lever is supported by the frame of the machine,
whilst the other end of this lever projects somewhat in front of the said load
platform; and this end is by one upright rod or balance lever connected to the
inner end of the weigh-beam, which latter is a double armed lever supported by
the frame or stand of the machine at its centre or middle part, and to the outer
arm of which the scale is suspended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING LENO, GAUZE, AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Ecroyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1881.
RICHARD ECROYD, of the Firm of William Ecroyd and Sons, of Lomeshaye,
near Burnley, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING LENO, GAUZE, AND SUCH LIKE FABRICS."
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the doup healds in weaving
lenos and gauze fabrics, which I accomplish in the following manner :-
I pass the warp threads through a reed constructed as a heald, such reed having
an eye, metal, or other dent reaching half way up the said reed heald, through
which the warp ends required to form the loop are passed. One of each of this
series of half dents is placed between two full dents. The other warp ends pass
between the half and the full dents, and has motion imparted to the same, which
passes the latter ends alternately to each side of the half dents when required to
cross the same for forming the pattern of leno or gauze fabric.
I can also accomplish my object by constructing a half reed mounted at the
back of the ordinary reed. This half reed is secured to a shaft, and when the
warp threads are required to cross, the shaft turns on its axis and moves the warp
threads to the right or left as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu- FACTURE OF APPARATUS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF ELECTRIC-LIGHT
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Crookes, F.R.S., of Boy Court, Ludgate Hill, in
the City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu-
FACTURE OF APPARATUS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF ELECTRIC-LIGHT."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION the left by said William Crookes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1881.
WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S., of Boy Court, Ludgate Hill, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPARATUS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF
ELECTRIC LIGHT."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of apparatus
for the exhibition of electric light.
In those forms of electric light apparatus in which a carbon filament is employed
which in conducting the electric current becomes intensely heated and emits light,-
great difficulty is experienced in connecting the filament efficiently with the wire
or conductor conveying the current to it; I overcome this difficulty by depositing
metal by the electro type process outo and into the pores of the filament, and on to
the conductors at and around the connections.
I prefer to proceed as follows:-I take paper or like material from which the
carbon filament is to be produced, and treat it with hydro-fluoric acid to remove
impurities. I then connect a strip of the paper with the conductors by binding it
with fine wire, then I carbonize the strip by heat in an atmosphere free from
oxygen, by preference a hydro carbon vapour. Finally, I immerse the connections
in a depositing cell charged with sulphate of copper solution, and produce a deposit
of metal thereon in the usual manner. The parts of the conductors which are not
required to be coated may be protected with wax or other like covering, and the
part of the carbon filament which should remain uncoated is supported so as to
prevent it entering the metallic solution in the cell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING THE FEED WATER TO STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881.
JOHN ADAMS, of No. 8, Queen's Road, Watford, in the County of Herts,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING THE
FEED WATER TO STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS."
In carrying out my improvements I employ two feed or supply cisterns, one,
which is by preference open and placed above, the other, which is closed and
adapted to bear the same pressure as that of the boiler to be fed.
There is a passage capable of being opened from the close vessel to the boiler,
and from the close vessel to the open vessel. When communication is closed
between the close vessel and the boiler, the close vessel may be readily filled as
required from the open vessel.
From the boiler to be fed I conduct a pipe with a three way valve or tap, one
of the passages of which is capable of opening from the boiler to be fed to the
closed feed chamber, and another from the close vessel to the open supply chamber
by another pipe.
Thus by this three way valve steam may be admitted from the boiler to be fed
to the closed vessel, when by the valve communication between the bottom of the
close vessel and the boiler to be fed being simultaneously opened, the water will be
supplied to the boiler from the close vessel.
Thus by the equilibrium established between the close chamber and the boiler
to be fed, the water from the close chamber will pass to the boiler to effect the
desired feed thereto.
Steam may also be admitted from the close chamber through the other pipe to
the water in the open chamber to heat the water therein.
In the case of feeding two boilers by the same supply chamber, a four way valve
in place of a three way valve will be employed, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LENO OR GAUZE CLOTHS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bottomley, of Buttershaw, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Spinner and Manufacturer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LENO OR GAUZE CLOTHS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bottomley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1881.
THOMAS BOTTOMLEY, of Buttershaw, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LENO
OR GAUZE CLOTHS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in that class of pieces known as
leno or gauze fabrics, and has for its object the production of a cloth which is soft
to the hand, light, firm, and can be produced at a little cost. Hitherto woollen
or angola wefts have never been used in the production of a leno or gauze
piece.
We accomplish the above object by weaving woollen or angola wefts into a leno
or gauze warp, thus producing a novel cloth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Bottomley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st March 1882.
THOMAS BOTTOMLEY, of Buttershaw, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner and Manufacturer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LENO
OR GAUZE CLOTHS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in that class of pieces known as
leno or gauze fabrics, and has for its object the production of a new make of
cloth which is soft to the hand, light, firm, and capable of being produced at little
cost.
I accomplish the above object by weaving woollen or angola wefts into a leno or
gauze warp, thus producing a cloth which has advantages as to cost of production,
appearance, and handling.
In the use of a leno twisted warp in combination with a woollen or angola weft
a piece is produced softer than ordinary woollen and much softer than the ordinary
cotton warp and worsted weft. Less warp is also used. The woollen or angola
weft, when finished, fills up the gauze spaces and gives to the cloth or piece all the
appearance of a cloth produced with an ordinary warp.
What I claim as my Invention is,―
The combination of a leno, twisted, or gauze warp with woollen or angola weft
for the purpose herein substantially set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bottomley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness,
JOHN WAUGH,
Engineering and Patent Offices,
Bradford,
Yorks.
THOMAS BOTTOMLEY. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES, PITS, OR OTHER PLACES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Onions at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881.
JOHN ONIONS, of 29, Cornbury Road, Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES, PITS, OR OTHER PLACES, AND IN
THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS THEREFOR."
To place a largo cistern or tank near the bottom of the upcast shaft, or any
other suitable place with branch pipes leading from the various workings or
any place in the pit where foul air, gases, or any noxious vapours exist or are likely
to accumulate, having a kind of hopper mouth at the end of each pipe for the more
easily receiving of the vitiated air, gas, &c., into the pipes, tubes, or troughs so
connected with the tank as stated above, to which I would attach a large air
pump (to be worked by a steam engine), with inlet and outlet valves of such
dimensions as to relieve the engine of a vast amount of pressure, and also produce
a vacuum in the tank sufficient to exhaust any amount of gas, air, or other noxious
vapours which is likely to engender and of course cause a fair flow of fresh air
through the pit, the exhausted air, gas, &c., to discharge itself through the outlot
valves of the pumps into or through a large tube into the bottom of the upcast
shaft. N.B.-By the means of the air pump with branches and pipes therefrom,
you cause the air, gas, &c., to rush into the said pipes immediate from the spot or
place where it exists or may be likely to exist, and so pass into the cistern or tank;
of course where a completo vacuum is formed by the air pump's exhaustive power,
which cannot fail to cause a current of air to exist throughout the workings of any
pit, of course where there is a downcast or (driving shaft) which will naturally
supply any vacancy so caused by mechanical agency, while on the other hand a
fan possesses no drawing or suction beyond its immediate vicinity, which is chiefly
supplied from the down or driving shaft, the distance between the two being short
and without obstruction, while the air in the interior of the works remains in a
quiescent state for want of extraction by means of an air pump (as described above),
with pipes leading direct from the very required spot where danger may exist into
the cistern, tank, or receiver from where it is drawn by the large pump and passed
into the bottom of the upcast shaft, which is of course adapted for that purpose.
AN IMPROVED FLUID TO BE USED IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theophilus Coad, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Electrician, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED FLUID
TO BE USED IN GALVANIC BATTERIES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theophilus Coad at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1881.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician. "AN IMPROVED FLUID TO BE USED IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to an improved fluid to be used with the carbon electrodes
of galvanic batteries, whereby much greater electro motive force is obtained from
such batteries than hitherto.
The fluid I employ may be manufactured as follows:-
To a hot saturated solution of nitric acid, bichromate of potash, and nitrate of
potash, I add about one fourth part by measure of sulphuric acid. The solution is
allowed to cool and is then fit for use.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Theophilus Coad in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th February 1882.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician. "AN IMPROVED FLUID TO BE USED IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to an improved fluid to be used with the carbon electrodes
of galvanic batteries, whereby much greater electro motive force and constancy are
obtained from such batteries than hitherto.
The fluid I employ is the following, videlicet:-
To a hot saturated solution of nitric acid, bichromate of potash, and nitrate of 1
potash, I add about one fourth part by measure of sulphuric acid. The solution is
allowed to cool and is then fit for use.
Having thus described my said Invention, and the best means with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that what
is claimed and intended to be protected by the herein in part recited Letters 1
Patent is,―
The manufacture and use of the herein described improved fluid for galvanic
batteries.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theophilus Coad, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord 2
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Ann
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE SMELTING OF ZINC
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Binon and Alphonse Grandfils, both of Membach,
near Dolhain, in the Kingdom of Belgium, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE SMELTING OF ZINC."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Binon and Alphonse
Grandfils at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January
1881.
JOSEPH BINON and ALPHONSE GRANDFILS, both of Membach, near Dolhain, in
the Kingdom of Belgium. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SMELTING OF ZINĊ."
According to our Invention we mix zinc ore and the coal or other carbonaceous
matter required for its reduction with sufficient lime, cement, clay, or other cheap
binding material to make the mixture cohere, and we press or mould the mixture
into bricks or blocks of suitable size for feeding the retort or muffle, in which the
reduction is effected by heat in the usual way. By this mode of operating we.
facilitate the feeding of the muffles and more completely utilise their capacity, and
by effecting close contact of the ore with the reducing agent we obtain more complete
reduction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Binon and Alphonse Grandfils in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th July 1881.
JOSEPH BINON and ALPHONSE GRANDFILS, both of Membach, near Dolhain, in
the Kingdom of Belgium. AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SMELTING OF ZINC."
According to our Invention we mix zinc ore and the coal or other carbonaceous
matter required for its reduction with sufficient lime, cement, clay, or other cheap
binding material to make the mixture cohere, or in cases when the ore or
carbonaceous reducing agent is itself of a binding nature we may dispense with
additional binding material. We press or mould the mixture into bricks or blocks,
which may be of any convenient size or shape, and may be hollow or perforated;
preferably we adopt such size and shape for the bricks or blocks as will render them
suitable for charging without loss of space the retort or muffle, in which the
reduction is effected by heat in the usual way. By this mode of operating we
facilitate the feeding of the retorts or muffles and more completely utilise their
capacity, and by effecting close contact of the air with the reducing agent, we obtain
more complete reduction.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed,,we claim,―
The herein described method of preparing zinc ore for smelting by mixing it
with reducing and cementing material and making the mixture into bricks or
blocks.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Binon, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.