Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production of Butter.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 31st Aug., 1892-Accepted, 1st Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production
of Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the manufacture or
production of butter by subjecting cream to the action of revolving or reciprocating
discs, plates or parts partially immersed therein, according to the process forming
the subject of my former application for Patent dated 24th July 1891 No. 12549.
An apparatus according to my present invention is constructed with a suitable
vessel for containing the cream; a disc plate or part (or there may be more than
one) revolving vertically in the said vessel and means for imparting rapid rotary
or reciprocating motion thereto and with a guard (or guards) concentric with the
rotary or reciprocating disc or part (or each concentric with one such part) such
guard being of a concavo-convex form in cross section (it may be for examples
semicircular or semi-hexagonal) and being arranged with its concave side towards
the disc or other rotary part of the apparatus to which it is applied so as to ensure
return to the vessel in which the disc or other rotary or reciprocating part works
of all cream thrown outward by the centrifugal action.
To facilitate the regulation of the temperature of the cream the receptacle
in which the same is contained is or may be formed with a double bottom, or
jacket.
The speed of rotation or reciprocation of the disc or equivalent may be at
commencement such as to throw the cream into the concentric guard by centrifugal
action with more or less force according to the state of ripeness the said cream has
attained but may be diminished as the butter begins to form; in some cases butter
may be produced with such an apparatus even from 'fresh cream, and at ordinary
churning temperatures but I do not confine myself to these ordinary limits. It
may in some cases be found useful to raise the temperature of the cream either
before the churning commences or by means of the double bottom during the
operation of churning to a temperature of 75° or thereabout as described in my
former application. It will usually be preferable to ripen the cream to be
used as this improves the flavour of the butter and lessens the time necessary for
churning.
In one form of the churn I combine with the above described vessel and disc a
clockwork motor which gives either a rotary or reciprocating motion to the disc
and renders the churn an automatic device, as the feed of the motor is so adjusted
by an arrangement of brake that while it throws off the cream into the guard during
the greater part of the operation, it is automatically checked by the thickening of
the cream which precedes the "coming" of the butter.
Dated this 1st day of December 1891.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production
of Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the manufacture or
production of butter by subjecting cream to the action of revolving or recipro-
cating discs, plates or parts partially immersed therein, according to the process
forming the subject of my former application for Patent dated 24th July 1891
No. 12549.
An apparatus according to my present invention is constructed with a suitable
vessel for containing the cream; a disc plate or part (or there may be more than
one) revolving vertically in the said vessel with means for imparting rapid rotary
or reciprocating motion thereto, and with a guard (or guards) concentric with
the rotary or reciprocating disc or part (or each concentric with one such part),
such guard being of a concavo-convex form in cross section (it may be for examples
semicircular or semi-hexagonal) and being arranged with its concave side towards
the disc or other rotary part of the apparatus to which it is applied so as to ensure
return to the vessel in which the disc or other rotary or reciprocating part works
of all cream thrown outward by the centrifugal action.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a vertical section partly in elevation; and
Fig. 2 a plan, of one form of apparatus constructed according to my invention.
Figs. 3 and 4 are detail sectional views.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively vertical and transverse sections illustrating a
modified construction.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive ;
It may
1 is a vessel to receive the cream to be converted into butter.
advantageously be of oval or elliptical shape in plan with a curved bottom 2 that
inclines towards one end as shewn, or from the sides towards the centre and is
provided with an outlet 3 normally closed by a plug 4 or valve, whereby the liquid
contents of the vessel can be drawn off when desired.
5 is a disc of suitable material such as metal, china or wood, fixed vertically on
a shaft 6 mounted in bearings 7 so that the disc can rotate partly within the
cream 8 in the vessel 1. The shaft may be provided with any suitable means for
imparting rotary or oscillatory motion thereto. Thus it may be provided with a
crank handle so that it may be driven by hand; I prefer however to employ a
spring or clock-work motor of any suitable construction whereby the shaft may be
driven automatically. These parts are constructed and arranged like the corre-
sponding parts of the apparatus shown in and described with reference to Figs. 1
and 2 of my said former Specification.
10 is a guard arranged according to this invention concentrically with the disc 5
and carried by the vessel 1. This guard, which may be of sheet metal, is of a
concavo-convex form in cross section, it may be for example approximately semi-
circular as shewn in Fig. 3, or semi-hexagonal as shewn in Fig. 4. It is arranged
with its concave side towards the disc 9 so as to ensure return to the vessel 1 in which
the disc works of all cream thrown outward by centrifugal action.
To facilitate the regulation of the temperature of the cream, the vessel 1 in
which the same is contained, may as in my former arrangement of apparatus be
formed with a double bottom or jacket 11, into which hot water or other fluid can
be admitted when necessary by an inlet 12 and withdrawn by an outlet 13 controlled
by a valve.

page_text: By putting warm or cold water into this jacket and revolving the disc, the
temperature of the cream in the vessel 1 can be raised or lowered very rapidly and
may be regulated to any degree desired. We have found a high degree of
temperature, say from 70° to 75°, very convenient for churning, provided cold
water be poured upon the butter as soon as it is formed. In churning at the
ordinary temperature the cream thickens to a stiff consistency and it is then necessary
either to increase the speed, or to pour in a little water at about the same
temperature as the cream itself, when the butter will be formed in a fine granular
condition.
The speed of rotation or reciprocation of the disc 1 or equivalent may at
commencement of the churning process, be such that the cream picked up by the
disc will be thrown into the concentric guard by centrifugal action with more or
less force according to the state of ripeness the said cream has attained, and so
that the butter globules will be violently separated by concussion, but the speed
may be diminished as the butter begins to form. In some cases butter may be
produced with such an apparatus even from fresh cream, and at ordinary churning
temperatures, but I do not confine myself to these ordinary limits. It may in some
cases be found useful to raise the temperature of the cream either before the
churning commences, or by means of the double bottom during the operation of
churning, to a temperature of 75° or thereabout as described in my former applica-
tion. It will usually be preferable to ripen the cream to be used as this improves
the flavour of the butter and lessens the time necessary for churning.
1 have found in practice that it is advantageous to provide the guard 10 near
that end towards which the disc moves, with transverse ribs or projections 10"
that serve as baffle plates to more or less break up the cream thrown off from
the disc by centrifugal action, and to thereby facilitate its conversion into
butter. As the butter begins to form however, the speed of the disc should be
reduced so that cream will no longer be thrown against the said baffle plate or
plates.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively vertical and transverse sections illustrating a
construction of apparatus similar to that described with reference to and shown in
Figs. 5 and 6 of my said former Specification, and in which several rotary discs 5
are used each provided according to this invention, with a guard 10 constructed
and arranged as hereinbefore described for the purpose mentioned.
In this case
the guards 10 are fixed to the cover 1" of the closed cylindrical vessel 1, which is
hinged at one side, as at 1°, so that it can be turned back to admit of the butter
when formed, being readily washed and removed. To enable the progress of the
operation to be watched, the cover may advantageously be provided with glazed
sight holes 1. The vessel is as before provided with hollow trunnions 14 by
which it is supported in standards 15 and which serve as bearings for the driving
shaft 6. It is also provided with a double bottom or jacket 11 as shewn to contain
liquid for heating the cream when necessary. 16 is an arm on one of the trunnions 14.
It is provided with a spring catch 17 adapted to engage with one of the standards 1.5
for the purpose of locking the vessel 1 in position during the rotation of the discs 5.
18 is a hand wheel by which the vessel I may be rotated when necessary, as for
example when it is desired to wash the butter by rotating it in water. At this time
the spring catch 17 is held back by any suitable means, such as a catch 19 mounted
to slide on the arm 16 and adapted to enter a groove in or pass behind a collar on
the spring catch 17.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
In apparatus for the manufacture or production of butter of the kind in which
one or more discs or its or their equivalent is arranged to be rotated or recipro-
cated in a vertical plane within a vessel containing the cream to be converted into
butter, the combination with the disc, or with each disc where more than one

page_text: is used, of a guard of plano-convex form in cross section arranged to partly
surround the disc or its equivalent substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the examples illustrated in the drawings annexed for the purposes
specified.
Dated this 15th day of August 1892.
JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.