Improvements in Igniting Composition for Matches.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Igniting Composition for Matches.
We, Joux LANDIN and AUGUST JERNANDER, both of No. 40, Drottninggatan,
Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to produce an igniting composition for
matches which is capable of being ignited by friction on non-prepared surfaces.
The composition is free from yellow phosphorous, and the inflammability can
be regulated to any extent, without however rendering it liable to spontaneous
ignition.
Our improved igniting composition is especially based upon the use of
such materials, or compounds only which will burn slowly and without ex-
plosion like decomposition, in combination with materials yielding oxygen and
readily inflammable substances, such compounds being thus specially suitable
for use in the manufacture of matches.
Paris-blue (ferric ferro-cyanide) and Turnbull's blue (ferrous ferri-cyanide)
are examples of such compounds, though obviously the same result may be pro-
duced by employing other slowly combustible compounds resisting sudden de-
composition, such as other ferro- or ferri-cyanide compounds, or in fact any
similar compound which, in the form of its double combination, possesses
greater structural strength, and which is only slowly decomposed by combustion.
For instance, the materials used in gas-manufacture for purifying the gas
can with advantage, be employed for the above purpose. These materials as
is well known, contain ferro-cyanide combinations, in addition to which, they
have also taken up the sulphur from the illuminating gas, which forms an
inflammable adjunct to the composition. It will therefore be clear that a com-
position containing this material provides an excellent igniting compound for
matches.
If however it is found that the sulphur is objectional, the pure ferro- or ferri-
cyanide combinations may be employed with the addition of other readily in-
flammable substances. A suitable material for this latter purpose consists ad-
vantageously of coal dust by preference that of charcoal, prepared with nitro-
cellulose, and the object of this treatment is to effect the coating of the coal-
dust with a protective covering, thus preventing the binding-medium employed
for fixing the igniting composition to the match stem, entering the bores of
the coal, and so reducing the inflammability of the composition. In lieu of
nitrocellulose any other material may be employed which, while readily ignited
is insoluble in water.
The preparation of the coal dust may be effected by dissolving the nitro-

page_text: cellulose in a suitable solvent, for instance highly nitrated cellulose in acetic
ether, or lower nitrated cellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, mixing
the coal-dust therewith, and finally evaporating the solvent by heating and
agitating the mixture. In order to condense the solvent for re-use, the entire
operation is carried out in a closed vessel provided with a condensing apparatus,
so that all danger is thereby excluded.
In lieu of the coal-dust, or in addition thereto, other finely divided materials
containing carbon may be employed, as for example saw-dust, tinder, lycopodium
and the like, and the solutions of nitro-cellulose may be replaced by solutions
of resins, hydrocarbons or the like, which are readily ignited and are insoluble
in water, but none of the latter has been found to ignite more readily. Generally
the ignition can be rendered easier by an addition of amorphous phosphorous
or other substances which will readily ignite with oxygen yielding substances,
such as sulphur.
Suitable oxygen yielding substances are for example, chlorates, perchlorates
chromates, peroxides and others, which are, as usual, added to the compound
in a finely divided condition.
The binding-agents may be of the usual kind, such as glue, gum or the like,
and other additional substances commonly used in connection with match-
making, for providing friction, or for protecting the composition from damp,
may be employed.
By way of example, the mixtures given below will be found to form excellent
igniting compositions. viz : –
_
cellulose in a suitable solvent, for instance highly nitrated cellulose in acetic
ether, or lower nitrated cellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, mixing
the coal-dust therewith, and finally evaporating the solvent by heating and
agitating the mixture. In order to condense the solvent for re-use, the entire
operation is carried out in a closed vessel provided with a condensing apparatus,
so that all danger is thereby excluded.
In lieu of the coal-dust, or in addition thereto, other finely divided materials
containing carbon may be employed, as for example saw-dust, tinder, lycopodium
and the like, and the solutions of nitro-cellulose may be replaced by solutions
of resins, hydrocarbons or the like, which are readily ignited and are insoluble
in water, but none of the latter has been found to ignite more readily. Generally
the ignition can be rendered easier by an addition of amorphous phosphorous
or other substances which will readily ignite with oxygen yielding substances,
such as sulphur.
Suitable oxygen yielding substances are for example, chlorates, perchlorates
chromates, peroxides and others, which are, as usual, added to the compound
in a finely divided condition.
The binding-agents may be of the usual kind, such as glue, gum or the like,
and other additional substances commonly used in connection with match-
making, for providing friction, or for protecting the composition from damp,
may be employed.
By way of example, the mixtures given below will be found to form excellent
igniting compositions. viz:-
_
5 parts in weight of charcoal treated with collodion
دو
وو
دو
وو
15
"
"
7
"
33
100
29
"
"
"
20
"
33
or
دو
وو
Paris-blue
amorphous phosphorous
chlorate of potassium
powdered glass
12 parts in weight of waste gas-purifying material
وو
دو
24
"
23
"
10
"
"
33
85
"
"
"
"
25
"
27
37
وو
Paris-blue
amorphous phosphorous
chlorate of potassium
powdered glass
To these mixtures is then added glue in a suitable quantity to serve as a binding
medium for the composition, and also as a means for securing the composition
on the match stems.
.
In the preparation of the composition, the materials for the same are mixed
together in a pulverized condition, and then worked into the liquid glue and
used for manufacturing the matches in the ordinary manner.
Dated this 23rd day of November 1899.

page_text: of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is to produce an igniting composition for
matches which is capable of being ignited by friction on non-prepared surfaces.
The composition is free from yellow phosphorous, and the inflammability can
be regulated to any extent, without however rendering it liable to spontaneous
ignition.
Our improved igniting composition is especially based upon the use of
such materials or compounds only which will burn slowly and without ex-
plosion like decomposition, in combination with materials yielding oxygen and
readily inflammable substances, such compounds being thus specially suitable
for use in the manufacture of matches.
Paris-blue (ferric ferro-cyanide) and Turnbull's blue (ferrous ferri-cyanide)
are examples of such compounds, though obviously the same result may be pro-
duced by employing other slowly combustible compounds resisting sudden de-
composition, such as other ferro- or ferri-cyanide compounds, or in fact any
similar compound which, in the form of its double combination, possesses
greater structural strength, and which is only slowly decomposed by combustion.
For instance, the materials used in gas-manufacture for purifying the gas
can with advantage, be employed for the above purpose. These materials as
is well known, contain ferro cyanide combinations, in addition to which, they
have also taken up the sulphur from the illuminating gas, which forms an
inflammable adjunct to the composition. It will therefore be clear that a com-
position containing this material provides an excellent igniting compound for
matches.
If however it is found that the sulphur is objectional, the pure ferro- or ferri-
cyanide combinations may be employed with the addition of other readily in-
flammable substances. A suitable material for this latter purpose consists ad-
vantageously of coal dust by preference that of charcoal, prepared with nitro-
cellulose, and the object of this treatment is to effect the coating of the coal-
dust with a protective covering, thus preventing the binding-medium employed
for fixing the igniting composition to the match stem, entering the pores of
the coal, and so reducing the inflammability of the composition. In lieu of
nitrocellulose any other material may be employed which, while readily ignited,
is insoluble in water.
The preparation of the coal dust may be effected by dissolving the nitro-
cellulose in a suitable solvent, for instance highly nitrated cellulose in acetic
ether, or lower nitrated cellulose in a mixture of alcohol and ether, mixing
the coal-dust therewith, and finally evaporating the solvent by heating and
agitating the mixture. In order to condense the solvent for re-use, the entire
operation is carried out in a closed vessel provided with a condensing apparatus
so that all danger is thereby excluded.
In lieu of the coal-dust, or in addition thereto, other finely divided materials
containing carbon may be employed, as for example saw-dust, tinder, lycopodium
and the like and the solutions of nitro-cellulose may be replaced by solutions
of resins, hydrocarbons or the like, which are readily ignited and are insoluble
in water, but none of the latter has been found to ignite more readily. Generally
the ignition can be rendered easier by an addition of amorphous phosphorous
or other substances which will readily ignite with oxygen yielding substances,
such as sulphur.
Suitable oxygen yielding substances are for example, chlorates, perchlorates
chromates, peroxides and others, which are, as usual, added to the compound
in a finely divided condition.
The binding-agents may be of the usual kind, such as glue, gum or the like
and other additional substances commonly used in connection with match-
making, for providing friction, or for protecting the composition from damp,
may be employed.

page_text: igniting compositions, viz:—
5 parts in weight of charcoal treated with collodion,
Paris-blue
15
23
7
23
.
ور
دو
22
"
22
"
100
20
"
"
"
"
39
دو
or
ور
amorphous phosphorous
chlorate of potassium
powdered glass
12 parts in weight of waste gas-purifying material
دو
وو
دو
Paris-blue
24
29
10
"
39
"
85
27
"
"
3
amorphous phosphorous
chlorate of potassium
25
23 +
25
دو
دو
powdered
glass
To these mixtures is then added glue in suitable quantity to serve as a binding
medium for the composition, and also as a means for securing the composition
on the match stems.
In the preparation of the composition, the materials for the same are mixed
together in a pulverized condition, and then worked into the liquid glue and
used for manufacturing the matches in the ordinary manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A composition for matches capable of being ignited on any unprepared
surface and characterized by the mixing together of oxygen yielding materials
and readily ignitable substances not containing yellow phosphorous, together
with binding agents and other ingredients usually employed in the manufacture
of matches, with Paris blue Turnbull's blue or other material, which in the
form of its double combinations possess greater structural strength and which
burns slowly without explosion like decomposition, or substances containing them
such as for example waste gas purifying material.
2. In an igniting composition of the kind claimed in Claim 1 the use or em-
ployment of carbon or carbonaceous materials as readily igniting substances
treated with solutions of readily igniting materials insoluble in water such as
for example, nitro cellulose resins, hydrocarbons or the like so as to prevent the
binding medium penetrating it.
D
41: EL JT....
1000
HASELTINE LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants."