CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND DYEING MACHINES, ALSO IN MACHINES USED IN FILTERING AND IN DRYING OR EXTRACTING LIQUIDS OR MOISTURE FROM DIF- FERENT SUBSTANCES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, JOHANN
GOTTLOB SETRIG, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, Mechanician, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Johann
Gottlob Seyrig, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Johann Gottlob Seyrig, my exors,
adiiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Johann Gottlob Seyrig,
my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND DYEING MACHINES, ALSO IN MACHINES
USED IN FILTERING AND IN DRYING OR EXTRACTING LIQUIDS OR MOISTURE FROM DIF-
FERENT SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said Johann Gottlob Seyrig, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Johann Gottlob Seyrig, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
My improvements in scouring, bleaching, and dyeing machines, have
relation more particularly to those machines for which Letters Patent were
granted to Alexander Alliott, of Lenton, dated the Twenty-fourth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-four, and consist in the
application thereto of two separate contrivances; by one of which, when it is
desired to pass considerable quantities of liquor through a machine in a given
time, great part of the power that would otherwise be wasted is saved; and by
the other the liquor can be circulated at a slower speed, and, consequently,
remain longer in contact with the goods, without at the same time reducing
the pressure of the liquor upon them.
Figure is a plan in section, and Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a
scouring, bleaching, and dyeing machine, embodying the first of these improve-
ments. A is a circular pan curved at the bottom in the manner shewn ; and
a is a raised socket screwed firmly to the centre of this pan; a² is a pipe
through which the liquor is introduced, and as a pipe with a valve on the
outside of the pan to carry it off; a', a', are ribs indicated by dotted lines on
the bottom of the pan A, which are curved from the outside towards the
centre in such directions as to guide the liquid towards the scoops d'. (The
framework for carrying the driving gearing is not shewn, the construction of it
being well known.) B is a vertical shaft which turus at the bottom in the
socket a', and at the top in a suitable bearing. C is a hollow drum which is
fastened to the shaft B, and consists of four compartments c', c, c³, c'. This drum
is made of sheet copper or other suitable metal connected together as follows:-
The bottom D is curved in manner shewn, and to it are fastened the peripheries
of the compartments and e. From the top of the peripheries of the compart-
ment es rise the upright bars es. The conical periphery c¹ is fastened at the top
to the periphery c², and at bottom to a conical pipe c, and is connected with the
bottom D by means of the curved plates d. The compartments c' is closed at the
top by a lid d', fastened to the peripheries of the compartments c' and c. The
compartment c is connected with the bottom D by means of a contrivance
resembling the well-known turbine, and is also fastened to the periphery of the
compartment by means of the stays c. E is the turbine contrivance, which
is made as follows:-The bottom D is prolonged beyond the compartment c

page_text: as shewn, and upon this prolonged part are fastened plates e', which are curved
from inside to outside in a direction opposite to the revolving of the drum (see
Figure 1); these plates are fastened at the top to the flat ring e, which is
rivetted to the outer compartment by means of angle irons 3. The
lid fis fitted to the drum C, and drops on to the boss flange on the shaft,
holes being made in it to receive the upright bars . The bolts d' on being
pushed forward pass through the heads of the bars c, and thereby fasten the
lid. The curved plates are fixed in the open space at the bottom of the
compartment c, and serve to connect the bottom D with the compartment c¹.
These plates are inclined screw-wise in relation to the axis in such a way that
when the drum is revolving they serve as scoops to draw up the liquid which
is then thrown forward by centrifugal action. The peripheries of the compart-
ments c² and c³ are perforated, but the other parts are left entire. The action of
the machine is as follows:-The liquor being introduced into the pan A, and the
drum C put in motion, the curved plates d' draw up the liquor, which is then
thrown forward by the centrifugal action against the sides of the compartment
, and through the perforations therein into the compartment c', where the
goods to be operated upon are placed, and next through the compartiment c
into the compartment c. The liquor being thus driven with a force propor-
tioned to the speed of the machine against the curved plates in the turbine E,
it serves considerably to reduce the power otherwise required to drive the
drum.
The second of the before-mentioned arrangements, or that which is adopted
when it is desired that the liquor should be circulated at a slower speed and
consequently longer retained in close contact with the goods without reducing
the pressure of the liquor, is shewn in the plan Figure 3 and sectional eleva-
tion Figure 4. In this case I cause the liquid to pass from the outside
towards the centre, and, therefore, dispense with the turbine contrivance
before described. The peripheries of tlie compartments c¹, c, and care
joined together at the bottom by means of the extra bottom G. The peri-
phery of the compartment c is fastened to the bottom D, which is connected
with the other parts of the drum by means of the curved plates d' before
described; it is also further fastened at the top by the stays c' fixed between
the peripheries of the compartments and c'. In the bottom of the compart-
ment pipes g' are placed against the periphery, which pipes pass through
the bottom D, the projecting parts being curved in a direction similar to the
curved plates of the turbine, and acting in a similar manner. The peripheries
of the compartments c² and are the only parts perforated.
of this machine are similar to that first before described.
The other parts
The action of it

page_text: is as follows:-The liquor being introduced into the pan A through the pipe
a², and the drum C being made to revolve, the liquid is drawn up by the
curved plates d', and thrown forward through the channel into the compart-
ment c', and then forced backwards through the compartment in which the
goods to be operated upon are placed, whence it is returned into the com-
partment c and through the curved pipes again into the pan A.
I will next proceed to describe that part of my Invention which relates to
improvements in machines used in filtering.
Figure 5 is a plan in section, and Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of a
machine shewing these improvements. From the pan A a pipe as is carried
through the curved bottom of it to an open box a on the outside, from which
the liquor to be operated upon is supplied; and, as the communication between
the pan and the box is always left open, the height of the liquor in the box
shows the level at which it is in the pan, whereby the attendant is enabled to
regulate the supply as required. a' is a tap for the purpose of carrying away
the filtered liquor when it is desired to filter from the inside to the outside,
and which also serves as a waste pipe when the water is driven through the
filter in order to cleanse it. a, a, are ribs indicated by dotted lines on the
bottom of the pan A, which are curved in the same way as in the first
machine before described. I is a hollow ring with a slot on the top to
receive the ends of the pipes g', and having on the bottom side of it pipes h¹
for carrying away the liquor when filtered. In the drum C there are, three
compartiments c², c³, and c; c² and c are fastened to the extra bottom G,
which bottom is connected with the shaft B by means of a circular plate G 2,
which is curved as shewn and fastened on the shaft B at the boss G 3. The
outer compartment c is fastened to the bottom D, and connected to the other
parts of the drum by means of curved plates d', similar to those employed in
the machine represented in Figures 3 and 4. The lid is fastened by a boss
g' on its centre to the shaft B, rests on the peripheries of the compartments
,, and is screwed firmly to the periphery c. It has a conical ring f¹
fastened upon it, and within this ring and near its periphery are openings for
the purpose hereafter to be described. In the bottom of the compartment c²
against the periphery are placed the pipes g', which have plug valves cat their
top ends, and pass through the bottom D, the projecting parts of these pipes
being curved in manner similar to those before described in Figures 3 and 4.
The peripheries of the compartments and are the only ones perforated.
Two valves 95 and 9 are fastened on the largest part of the diameter of the
periphery, on opposite sides. Before fastening on the lid F, the compartment
is filled with any suitable filtering material. The action of the machine

page_text: is as follows: The liquor to be filtered being let into the bottom of the pan
A, and motion being given to the drum C, the scoops d, d, will take up
the liquor, and the centrifugal power imparted to it will force it forward
through the channel into the compartment c'; when c' is filled the liquor is
gradually forced back through the filtering medium in the compartment c³,
and into the compartment, and thence through the pipes g¹ (the plug valve c
being open) into the hollow ring H, from whence it can be conveyed into any.
proper receiver. The impurer particles of liquids being for the most part
the heaviest, by this arrangement, such impurities are, by virtue of the centri-
fugal tendency imparted to them, thrown against the outer circle of the com
partment c', whereby the filtering medium is in a great measure kept clear,
and, consequently, enabled to perform more work with less trouble. Further,
when it is desired to wash and clear the filtering medium, water can be intro-
duced by means of a pipe, or otherwise (the valve in this case being closed),
into the conical ring, when the machine being put in motion, the water
will be carried through the openings made in the lid F, and be thrown with
force, in proportion to the speed of the machine, through the filtering medium,
and through the valves 95 and 9, and thus quickly cleansed from impurities.
When it is found desirable to filter from the centre to the outside, the liquor
is introduced in a similar mode to that last described, the filtering medium in
the compartment c³, filtering the liquor in its passage through.
My improvements in machines used in dyeing or extracting liquids or
moisture from different substances have relation especially to those which form.
the subject of the several Patents granted to me, the said Johann Gottlob
Seyrig, dated the 16th February, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
eight, and to said John Keeley, junior, and the aforesaid Alexander Alliott,
dated the Second March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-three. The
first of these improvements consists in the application of weights so applied as
to bring back the centre of gravity of the drum of the machine to the centre of
the diameter, when, by unequal loading, the centre of gravity has been dis-
turbed, and thus taking away from the drum and shaft their excentric.
tendency, and consequently considerably reducing the friction upon the
bearings of the shaft. The weights are placed upon the shaft, and are fitted
loosely so as to turn easily thereon. The action of these weights is as
follows:-The end of the shaft on which the drum is placed has liberty to
nove, and is allowed to strike upon a ring (having projections on the inside to
prevent the shaft from running round the ring at the same time as it rotates
with the drum). When the machine is put into motion, if there exists any
inequality in the weight of the machine, or in the loading of it, which would

page_text: .cause the machine if perfectly free to revolve round some point other than the
centre of diameter, this inequality immediately produces an excentring of the
drum and shaft, which excentring causes the shaft to strike on the projections
in the ring, which reduces for the moment the friction of the weights on the
shaft, and thereby causes them to move to that part of the circle described by
the drum which is farthest from the centre of rotation. In consequence of the
shaft along with the drum, and upon which the drum is placed, being free, the
centre of its rotation will be the centre of its gravity; therefore, when it is in
rotation the lightest side of the drum becomes the farthest from the centre of
diameter, when the weights, placing themselves on the lightest side, serve to
restore the equilibrium on the drum, and the revolving point to the centre of
its diameter.
.
Figure 7 of the Drawings annexed is a plan in section, and Figure 8 a
sectional elevation of a machine, shewing this first improvement. B is the
shaft; o, o', o', are cast-iron weights, which are bored to fit loose on the
hollow shaft T, and are kept separate from one another on the shaft by means
of the small collars 03 fastened to the shaft T. To cause these weights to act
properly I have found it necessary that the blow of the shaft should be
softened, and for this purpose I employ the contrivance P, of which a separate
view is given in Figure 9. p is a strong iron ring with projections, as shewn
in the Figure, to which are jointed the rods pe, which pass through pipes p³,
which have flanges p' abutting inwards at one end, and outwards p³ at the
other end. Round these rods are strong helical springs p, which are stopped
on the inner end of the pipe by the flange ps, and on the outer end on the rod
222, by means of the nuts p' screwed thereon. The rods p have also nuts pat
their extreme ends, on the inside of which are placed washers, made of coarse
woollen cloth or other soft material. R is an outside ring, with holes bored in
its periphery, through which pass the pipes ps. The action of this contrivance
is as follows:-Upon the shaft striking the ring p' on one side, the spring oppo-
site to where the blow is given is drawn in upon the rod p by means of the
nut p', the pipe p being held from following by the flange ps on the outward end
of it. When the spring has given way to the extent allowed the washers on the
end of the rod p come in contact with the flange p³, and are stopped by the
ring R, which thus serves further to soften the blow of the shaft upon the ring.
I have found it necessary, after the balance of the machine has been once
obtained by means of the weights before described, to prevent, by another
combination of springs, what I call a second motion from interfering with the
well-working of the machine. The springs in this case are arranged in a
similar manner to those before described in Figures 8 and 9. S is a brass

page_text: the same
ring, bored to fit loosely on the shaft. The rods are fastened to this ring in
manner as in the arrangement last before described, and the
remainder of the construction is similar, except that the nuts and washers p
are dispensed with, and also that the springs are made weaker. The brass
ring S is supported on the shaft by means of a collar fastened to the shaft.
The second part of this branch of my improvements consists in the
application of an unperforated drum fixed loosely on the shaft, and surround-
ing the perforated drum containing the goods to be operated upon. The
advantge derived from this contrivance is, that it considerably reduces the
power necessary to drive the machine at great speeds, because great part of
the power is then required to overcome the friction of the air, and the outside
and loose drum not being fast to the shaft, and therefore going at slower
speed, divides the friction of the air so much as considerably to reduce its
retarding effects. The arrangements for this purpose are indicated in
Figures 7 and 8. M is the unperforated drum of the shape shewn, which is
made of tinned sheet iron or other suitable metal. This drum has a boss m²
fastened in the centre of the bottom, and at the top a lid m² with a toe m³
in the centre; this lid is loose, so that it may be taken off for the
purpose of loading and unloading the machine; and it is fastened when tho
machine is in work to the drum M, as shown, by means of suitable bolts m.
The bottom boss m' rests on a corresponding flange b', fastened to the shaft.
The boss m fits loosely on the shaft, and the toe m³ drops into a cup b² on the
top of the shaft, and allows the drum to revolve easily on the shaft. N, N, are
holes for the escape of the water from the drum.
A third improvement consists in the following plan for allowing the drum to
slip round on the shaft upon the first starting of the machine. T is a pipe
fitting loosely on the shaft B, and fastened to the plate t' at the bottom, and
to the boss t² at the top, which plate and boss are made fast to the drum.
The shaft B has a turned plate to fastened to it. The plates and are
turned true to fit one another. The effect of their action, is to put the drum
gradually in motion when wheel gearing is used, as the plates slip over one
another at first starting, and thus prevent the straining of the driving geering.
When this contrivance is used without the weights the pipe T is dispensed
with, and the boss t² and the friction plate t are fastened to the drum, and
bored to turn round upon the shaft.
The fourth and last of the improvements under this head consists in saving
and transferring the power of the machines in manner exemplified, as follows:-
Figure 11 is a plan, and Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of the drums of
two machines with those improvements applied to them. A', A², are the two
drums, and B', B³, their axes; D', D2, are two cones, which are slipped

page_text: loosely on the upper ends of the axes 13', B², one with its apex uppermost, and
the other in the reverse position, and which are raised or lowered by means of
the forked-ended levers E¹, E% F is a band by which the cones are con-
nected and made to revolve together. W, W, are horizontal bevil wheels
fixed loosely on the tops of the axes B', B, immediately above the concs
which gear into two vertical bevil wheels X, X, attached to the ends of the
main driving shaft G. From the uppermost ends of each cone two pins or
clutches a, a, project upwards, which take into two corresponding recesses in
the under faces of the bevil wheels W, W, and serve to put the cones into or
out of gearing with the wheels, as required. From the sides of the axes
B', B, there are two pins or clutches y, y, which project horizontally and take
into corresponding recesses 7, 7, in the cones, making the cones fast to the
axes. The mode of operation is as follows:-Supposing the whole power of
the driving shaft to be applied to the drum A¹ as soon as the drying of the
goods in that drum is perfected, at which moment the drum A' must of course
have attained to its greatest degree of velocity, the cone D2 is lowered out of
gearing with the bevil wheel W², by means of the lever E, and made fast by
the clutchy to the axis B, whereby the whole of the driving power is
transferred to the drum A, without being allowed to run to waste as usual.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I make no claim to any of
the machines herein referred to, and in whole or in part described, except in
so far only as regards the improvements therein which have herein-before been
specifically set forth and described. And I declare, that what I claim is as
follows:-.
I claim, first, as regards the scouring, bleaching, and dyeing machines, and
those particularly of the description patented by Alexander Alliott, that part
which I have described as resembling the well-known turbine, and which is
distinguished by the letter E in Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and every modification thereof by which the peculiar action of the
turbine may be adapted to such machines, and the power thereof thereby
economised.
Secondly, I claim the application to the same machines as are last referred
to of the contrivance or contrivances represented in Figures 3 and 4 of the said
Drawings, whereby the liquor is thrown back from the outside to the inside,
and is kept longer in contact with the goods without any diminution taking
place at the same time in the pressure of the liquor.
Thirdly, I claim the application to machines used in filtering of the system
of action represented in Figures 5 and 6 of the said Drawings, and before
described.

page_text: Fourthly, I claim in respect of centrifugal drying machines, and those
particularly of the description patented by me, and by John Keeley and
Alexander Alliott, as aforesaid, the application of the system of adjusting. the
machines by weights when the centre of gravity is disturbed by unequal
loading, or otherwise, as exemplified in Figures 7 and 8 of the said Draw-
ings, and before described, and whether the weights employed are of the exact
sort and form of those I have described, or of any other suitable sort
and form, as long as they are made to act in the peculiar manner before
explained.
Fifthly, I claim, in respect also of the class of machines last herein-before
referred to, the surrounding the perforated drum containing the goods with
another drum, which is unperforated or entire, as represented in Figures 7 and
8 of the said Drawings, and before described.
Sixthly, I claim the application to the class of machines last herein-before
referred to of the means of allowing the drum to slip round on the shaft upon
first starting, which are represented in Figures 7 and 8 of the said Drawings,
and before described. And,
Seventhly, I claim the application to the class of machines last herein-
before referred to of the system of saving and transferring the power acquired,
exemplified in Figures 11 and 12 of the said Drawings, and before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Johan Gottlob Seyrig, have hercunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
Enrolled the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.