IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING HEMP, FLAX, TOW, CHINA GRASS, WOOL, SILK, COTTON, AND ALL OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BOTH ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR CARDING THE WASTE OF FLAX, HEMP, AND Tow, WHETHER HARD OR SOFT WASTE, AS WELL AS COTTON WASTE, COP BOTTOMS, WASTE YARNS, OR ANY OTHER WASTE OR YARNS, THE PRODUCE OF ANY FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, EITHER MAL OR VEABLE; ALSO FOR PULLING ANDDING CARPETS, STOCKINGS, HOSIERY, BAGS, FS, OR REMNANTS OFANYILE OR ORTED
Year: 1870

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Jonas Brown, of Gildersome, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Flax Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING HEMP, FLAX, TOW, CHINA GRASS, WOOL,
SILK, COTTON, AND ALL OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BOTH ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR CARDING THE WASTE OF FLAX, HEMP, AND Tow,
WHETHER HARD OR SOFT WASTE, AS WELL AS COTTON WASTE, COP BOTTOMS,
WASTE YARNS, OR ANY OTHER WASTE OR YARNS, THE PRODUCE OF ANY
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR PULLING AND
CARDING CARPETS, STOCKINGS, HOSIERY, BAGS, FENTS, OR REMNANTS OF ANY
TEXTILE OR FELTED OR KNITTED FABRICS OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, CHINA
GRASS, WOOL, SILK, COTTON, OR OTHER FABRIC, THE PRODUCE OF ANY FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE."
1
1. 100A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonas Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1870.
I, JONAS BROWN, of Gildersome, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Flax Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING HEMP, FLAX, Tow, China

page_text: GRASS, WOOL, SILK, COTTON, AND ALL OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BOTH ANIMAL
AND VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR CARDING THE WASTE OF FLAX, HEMP, AND TOW,
WHETHER HARD OR SOFT WASTE, AS WELL AS COTTON WASTE, COP BOTTOMS, WASTE
YARNS, OR ANY OTHER WASTE OR YARNS, THE PRODUCE OF ANY FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR PULLING AND CARDING CARPETS, STOCK-
INGS, HOSIERY, RAGS, FENTS, OR REMNANTS OF ANY TEXTILE, OB FELTED, OR.
KNITTED FABRICS OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, China Grass, WOOL, SILK, Cotton, OR
OTHER FABRIC, THE PRODUCE OF ANY FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, EITHER ANIMAL OR
VEGETABLE," to be as follows:-
Carding engines are, as at present in use, provided with only one set
of feed rollers.
My improvements consists in the use of two, or, if required, of several
sets of feed rollers applied to the swift of the carding engine, and of
a worker to each set of feed rollers, which worker catches the material
being worked or operated upon by the swift, and is in its turn stripped
by the feed rollers, which again deliver the material to the swift, thus
subjecting it again to the action of the swift, and thereby more
effectually carding, hackling, or combing the material under process. If
the carding engine has more than one swift, I apply my improve-
ment to each, or any, or all of them according to the kind or quality
of the work required to be done. The feed rollers can either be plain
or fluted or covered with filleting or steel points, according to the
material being operated upon, and can be in sets either double, triple, or
quadruple; or either plain or fluted feed rollers can be used in con-
junction with rollers covered either with filleting or steel points. The
additional feed rollers and workers can either be used alone or in con-
junction with or in lieu of the ordinary sets of workers and strippers or,
as they are often called, rollers and clearers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonas Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on 30
the 12th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONAS
BROWN, of Gildersome, near Leeds, in the County of York, Flax
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Jonas Brown, Her special licence, that
I, the said Jonas Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Jonas Brown, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR
CARDING HEMP, FLAX, Tow, CHINA GRASS, WOOL, SILK, COTTON, AND ALL OTHER
FEROUS SUBSTANCES, BOTH ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR CARDING THE WASTE
OF FLAX, HEMP, AND TOW, WHETHER HARD OR SOFT WASTE, AS WELL AS COTTON
WASTE, COP BOTTOMS, WASTE YARNS, OR ANY OTHER WASTE OE YARNS, THE
5 PRODUCE OF ANY FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE; ALSO FOR
PULLING AND CARDING CARPETS, STOCKINGS, HOSIERY, RAGS, FENTS, OR REMNANTS
OF ANY TEXTILE, OR FELTED, OR KNITTED FABRICS OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, CHINA
GRASS, WOOL, SILK COTTON, OR OTHER FABRIC, THE PRODUCE OF ANY FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES, EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Jonas Brown, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonas Brown, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say :—
In carding engines as heretofore constructed, the workers which take
the fibres from the swift or main cylinder are severally stripped by a
single roller which delivers the fibres back to the swift, the same action
being repeated again and again by the several workers and strippers
until the fibres are ultimately cleared from the swift by the doffer

page_text: Now in order to render carding engines more efficient than heretofore,
especially when operating upon fibres which require a more or less
severe carding or combing action, I propose to apply two or more
rollers to each worker for the purpose of giving the fibre a nip (like that
given by the ordinary feed rollers) while presenting it again to the swift 5
or card cylinder. Thus the partially carded fibres, instead of being
stripped from the strippers by the swift as heretofore will be held up to
the swift and gradually fed thereto, thereby ensuring a very efficient
combing action.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn a carding engine with 1
one swift constructed according to my Invention, and I have also illus-
trated by diagram views several modifications which may be adopted to
suit different kinds of work.
Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a side elevation of my improved carding engine;
Fig. 2, Sheet II., is an elevation of the opposite side; Fig. 3, Sheet III., 15
is an elevation of the feeding end of the engine; and Fig. 4, Sheet IV.,
is a partial longitudinal section shewing the arrangement of the cylinder
and rollers.
It will be seen that in its main features the carding engine is similar
to the carding engines in general use, but it will be understood from 20
the foregoing remarks that in the arrangement shewn at Fig. 4, as well
as in the other arrangements which will be hereafter particularly referred
to, the groups of rollers which take the place of ordinary strippers will
do a double duty, viz., they will strip the fibre from the workers and
feed it again to the swift or card cylinder, but in doing so they will 25
hold or nip it firmly the while that the fibre may be subjected to the
action of the card teeth of the swift or cylinder after every transfer
of the fibre from the cylinder to the workers. The same letters of
reference are used for the corresponding parts in all the Figures of the
Drawings.
30
A, A, is the swift or card cylinder; B, B, B, are the workers, clothed
as usual with card cloth or filletting; and C, C, C*, C*, are the strippers.
These strippers instead of being arranged singly between the workers as
usual I now arrange in pairs, or it may be in groups of three, and that
either in front or rear of the several workers. In Figures 2 and 4 I 35
have shewn the strippers arranged in pairs in rear of the workers, but
when the action of the engine is desired to be less severe, the strippers
are placed in advance of the workers, as shewn at Fig. 5, Sheet IV.

page_text: When the strippers are arranged in pairs it will be found advantageous
to clothe them with card filletting, as shewn at Fig. 6, Sheet IV., or the
stripper nearest the worker may be covered with card filletting and
work in conjunction with the other stripper, which may be a fluted
roller as shewn at C*, Fig. 4, or it may be a plain roller.
Fig. 7, Sheet V., shews the strippers arranged in groups of three. In
these groups one of the rollers O in contact with the worker may be
covered with filletting, and the others C* may be fluted, as shewn, or
all may be plain, or all may be fluted, or plain rollers may work in con-
junction with fluted rollers.
The diagram Fig. 8 shews a group of three strippers placed in front
of the worker, all of which are fluted rollers.
The diagram Fig. 9 shews a group of three strippers also placed in
front of the worker; of these the two bottom rollers are fluted, and the
upper roller is a plain roller. Both of these modifications will be found
to work well.
The motion for driving these rollers is taken from the shaft of the
swift or card cylinder A, the same being communicated by a belt a and
pulley b, to a shaft c, which through spur gearing drives the shaft d to
which a chain wheel e is keyed. An endless chain ſ, f, driven by this
wheel e, passes over a series of chain wheels f* keyed on the respective
axles of the strippers C, C, and thus a rotary motion is given to those
strippers. The axles of the strippers C, C, are also severally provided
with a double spur pinion g, which takes into a pinion of corresponding
pitch on the axle of the roller C* and gives rotary motion thereto. The
pinion likewise drives the worker B by gearing with and driving a
spur wheel h, which is carried by a stud axle and gears with a spur
wheel i on the axle of the worker B; K, K, are the ordinary feed rollers
for transmitting the fibres from the apron to the swift or main
cylinder A; m is the fancy roller; n the doffer cylinder, and o, the
doffer comb.
The operation of my improvements in the carding engine will be best
understood by reference to Fig. 10, Sheet II. Here it will be seen that
the fibre as it is taken from the worker by the stripper C is carried
round and passed into the nip of the two stripper rollers C, C*, which
again feed it to the swift or card cylinder, retaining it within the nip a
sufficient time for the card pins to comb out the tangled fibres. This
action is repeated at each pair of strippers, and thus the tangled fibres

page_text: are straightened out and made fit for drawing and spinning or felting
purposes, as the case may be. The fibres are delivered from the doffer
cylinder n in the form of a sheet sliver, which is converted into a roping
sliver by being drawn in the usual manner through a trumpet-mouthed
conductor. These slivers can be advantageously formed into a lap or
card bobbin and recarded over a finishing carding engine which will
greatly improve the quality of the yarn. In case of need the doffer
of the carding engine can be made to deliver one or more than one
sheet sliver, which sheet slivers may each be converted into one or more
than one such ribbon or roping sliver, or the sheet sliver or slivers can 1
be rolled into card bobbins or doubled into laps and recarded, or the
doffer comb can be allowed to drop the carded fibres on the floor or into
boxes, baskets, or bags for the purpose of being respread upon a feed
sheet or stored away for use at another time.
If the carding engine has more than one swift, I apply my improve- 1
ment to each or any or all of them according to the kind or quality of
the work required to be done.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood
that under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim the 2
adaptation to the swift or main cylinder or cylinders and workers of
carding engines of groups of rollers for stripping the carded fibres from
the workers, and presenting the same again to the swift or main cylinder
or cylinders and nipping or holding the same, in the manner and for the
purpose above described.
2
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonas Brown, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the said Jonas Brown, in the
presence of .
Thomas TurneER,
Solr.,
Leeds.
JONAS BROWN.
(L.8.)