IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JUNCTION OF SHEET METAL PIPES, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edme Augustin Chameroy, of Paris, in France,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JUNCTION OF
SHEET METAL PIPES, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH."
"
Sealed the 9th January 1855, and dated the 8th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edme Augustin Chameroy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1854.
I, EDME AUGUSTIN CHAMEROY, of Paris, in France, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
JUNCTION OF SHEET METAL PIPES, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREWITH," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of making sheet metal pipes and
constructing or forming the joints of the same, and consists in the covering of
such pipes with a coil or lapping of paper, soaked in bitumen or other similar
material. The junctions of such pipes are formed by frictional contact alone,
without screws or screwing of any kind. It is proposed to employ soft metal,
such as lead, zinc, or tin, either alone or combined with each other, for the
junction surfaces, such metal being fused on to the ends of the pipes in the
form of rings, placed externally and internally, so as to fit into each other;

page_text: they are made slightly conical for that purpose, and may be grooved to receive
a packing of any suitable material., The grooving may be effected by the aid
of a suitable instrument, fitted with a scraper of the size and form of groove
required. A cast iron or other hard-metal mould of a suitable form, according
to the form and size of ring to be attached, is employed for fusing such rings
on to the ends of the pipes, the soft metal being poured round the pipe, which
is placed with one end in the moulds. In some cases cardboard, or gutta percha
and caoutchouc of a proper consistency, may be employed in place of soft metal.
The form of the joints may be varied so as to lock into each other; thus, a
groove or annular recess may be formed on one junction piece and a corre-
sponding projection on the other to fit into such groove; or one surface may be
corrugated and the outer junction piece closed into it, by the aid of an instru-
ment fitted with rollers, with peripheries of a corresponding form to the
corrugations. A layer of gutta percha or leather may be interposed between
the junction surface in some cases.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edme Augustin Chameroy in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDME
AUGUSTIN CHAMEROY, of Paris, in France, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edme Augustin Chameroy, Her special license that I, the said Edme
Augustin_Chameroy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy,-my-executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JUNCTION OF SHEET METAL PIPES, AND APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edme Augustin Chameroy, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-

page_text: tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar mode of making sheet metal pipes,
and constructing or forming the joints of the same, and consists in the covering
of such pipes with a coil or lapping. of paper, soaked in, bitumen or other
similar material. The junctions of such pipes are formed by frictional contact
alone, without screws or screwing of any kind. It is proposed to employ soft
metal, such as lead, zinc, or tin,. either alone or combined with each other, for
the junction surfaces, such metal being fused on to the ends of the pipes in
the form of rings, placed externally and internally, so as to fit into each other.
They are made slightly conical for that purpose, and may be grooved to receive
a packing of any suitable material. This grooving may be effected by the aid
of a suitable instrument, fitted with a scraper of the size and form of groove
required. A cast iron or other hard metal mould of a suitable form, according
to the form and size of junction ring to be attached, is employed for;fusing
such rings on to the ends of the pipes, the soft metal being poured round the
pipe, which is placed with one end in the moulds. In some cases cardboard,
or gutta percha and caoutchouc of a proper consistency, may be employed in
place of soft metal. The form of the joints may be varied, so that the parts
to be joined may lock into each other. For this purpose a groove or annular
recess may be formed on one junction piece, and a corresponding projection
on the other, to fit into such groove; on one surface may be corrugated, and
the outer friction piece closed into it, by the aid of an instrument fitted with
rollers with peripheries of a corresponding form to the corrugations. A layer
of gutta percha or leather may be interposed between the junction surfaces in
some cases, for the purpose of rendering them still more impervious to vapours
or fluids.
And in order that my said Invention may be more properly understood, I
shall now proceed to describe and refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of
Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings represents a longitudinal vertical section of a
sheet metal pipe covered or coated with bitumen; and Fig. 2 is a transverse
section of the same. A is the sheet metal pipe, which may be manufactured

page_text: according to any of the well-known methods. This pipe is covered externally
by a continuous coil or helix of paper b, which has been previously steeped in
bitumen, thus leaving a continuously rough and uneven surface all round the
pipe, which unevenness may be smoothed down according to the thickness of
material required. Tubes or pipes thus prepared or manufactured, according
to existing modes, are usually joined by being screwed together, but the various
modes of junction which I shall herein-after describe are more expeditious,
more effective, and less expensive than such a mode of forming the joints.
Figs. 3, 4, and 5 represent longitudinal vertical sections of one mode of
making pipe joints on my principle. A, A', are the sheet metal pipes, on the
ends of which are cast, both internally and externally, the metal or other
rings d, for effecting a tight joint. These rings are cast in the moulds,
Figs. 4 and 5, according as they are internal or external rings; in both cases
the chill consists of a plate of cast iron B, surmounted by a ring B' of the same
material, in two parts. In Fig. 4, which represents the internal ring, the pipe
end is placed between the two chills, the exterior of the pipe being coated or
covered with fatty or earthy matter, in order to permit the metal from adhering
thereto, so that in running in the metal from the outside, it will rise under the
pipe A', and become firmly fused thereto, whilst the metal round the exterior
of the pipe may be removed with facility, and remelted. The chill, Fig. 5,
for the external ring, is on the same principle, excepting that the pipe itself
forms one side of the chill, the metal being run in direct, and allowed to attach
itself thereto.. The two pipes thus prepared may be united or joined one over
the other, and the parts caulked or beaten together, if found desirable, to
render the joint perfectly tight. Fig. 3 shows a joint before and after the
process of caulking, and also the grooves e, which are made for that purpose.
Another form of cylindrical or conical joint, differing from the last-described
merely in having an annular packing piece of leather, or any other suitable
material, interposed in a groove between the junction surfaces,-is-represented
-at-Figs: 6 and 7; the former representing the junction of two pipes A, A',
with a cylindrical join,-and-the-latter (Fig. 7) the same joint in a conical
form. Near the centre of the joint. rings, and on either one or both of such
rings, is formed a groove, which is filled with leather, gaske, or other suitable
packing f, which renders the joint still more perfect; the operation of caulking
may also be added, if desirable, as shewn in Figure 3. In the preceding
junctions it is sometimes expedient to bore or turn smooth the internal or
external surfaces of the junction rings. For this purpose, I propose to employ
the circular scraper D, represented in vertical and horizontal section at Fig. 8.
This scraper is placed out the end of the pipe, and turned round by the

page_text: handles
g. The cutting edge of the blade or cutter h is formed so as to make
cither a groove in the ring, or simply to scrape and smooth its entire surface.
Another form of joint consists of a cylindrical or conical junction, with or
without grooves, for packing; it is represented by the Figures 9 and 10.
In Figure 9 a conical joint is represented, composed of soft metal, the
conical socket being formed by a metal ring i, which is rivetted on to the end
of the pipe A'; into which conical socket is fitted the conical soft metal ring
on the end of the pipe A, such ring being represented as formed with an
annular groove for packing f, although it may be used without such groove
and packing. A cylindrical junction of the same description, D, with the
same letters of reference, is shewn at Fig. 10. Fig. 11 represents a pecu-
liar junction, formed by a ring j of hard india or gutta percha, or both
combined, which may be very advantageously employed in many cases.
In making a junction of this description, the gutta percha or caoutchouc
ring j, shewn in detail at Fig. 12, will be first cast in an ordinary mould
of the requisite form, and afterwards heated- and applied to the end of the
pipe A (Fig. 11), which will fit into the end of the pipe A', such pipe.being
heated at that part, if found desirable, for the better adhesion thereto of the
ring of india-rubber j. Fig. 13 represents a mould employed for another
form of junction for covered pipes, by which the metal is poured round the
ends thereof; and Fig. 14 is a plan of the same. Figs. 15 to 22 represent a
series of undulated or corrugated junctions of various forms.
Fig. 23 represents a plan of the tool for nipping or squeezing in the
metal of one pipe into the grooves of the other end; Fig. 24 is a side
elevation of a portion of the same, shewing one of the grooved rollers; and
Figs. 25, 26, and 27 are various forms of rollers for different shaped junctions.
The chill is composed of the pieces Z, Z, which are joined by the disc Y.
The pipe X is placed vertically in the mould or chill, and leaves a space
between its external sides and the interior of the chill for the introduction of
the metal for the junction ring v. The mould for the socket ring u-will be
constructed on the same principle, but of course modified in shape accordingly.
The socket ring u is not moulded to correspond exactly to the ring v, as will be
seen on reference to Figs. 15, 17, 19, and 21; it is only after the operation
of closing, which is effected by the pincers v and roller S, that the junction
of the two rings is effectually accomplished, as shewn by the Figs. 16, 18, 20,
and 22. It will be found advantageous to introduce a packing i, of mastic or
any suitable material, for rendering the joint perfectly tight.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the-manner in which-the same is or may be used or carried into

page_text: effect, I would observe, in, conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-.
First, the covering or lapping of metal pipes with paper, steeped in bitumen,
or other material of a like nature, for the purpose of protecting the same from
the action of heat and cold...
Second, the application and use of rings of cardboard, caoutchouc, gutta
percha, or metal, soft, cast, or otherwise secured on to the ends of. metal pipes,
for the purpose of forming an effective junction, as herein-before described.
Third, the several forms of pipe junctions herein-before described, and
illustrated by the Drawings..
Fourth, the application and use of the grooving or scraping tool; herein-
before described, in the formation of pipe junctions..
Fifth, the system or mode of closing up pipe junctions by means of a pincer
or nipper containing one or more suitably shaped anti-friction rollers,+ as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
EDME AUGUSTIN CHAMEROY.. (L.S.)