CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND SHOES FOR OTHER ANIMALS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE ADAPTED TO THE SAME, AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR WHAT IS TERMED ROUGHING TO PREVENT THEM FROM SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holt, Joseph Maude, and
Benjamin Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th
March 1880.
«
JAMES HOLT and JOSEPH MAUDE, Manufacturers, and BENJAMIN JONES, Finisher,
all of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORSE-SHOES AND SHOES FOR OTHER ANIMALS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE ADAPTED
TO THE SAME, AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR WHAT IS TERMED ROUGHING TO PREVENT THEM
FROM SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER."
This Invention relates to the mode of constructing horse-shoes and shoes for
other animals with moveable calkings or slip-cogs in order that shoes may be
roughed and unroughed with facility and in a more efficient manner than
heretofore, at the same time obviating the necessity of detaching the shoe from
the foot. Under the present system of sharpening or roughing horse-shoes in
frosty weather serious delay, loss, and injury arises from the frequent removal of
the shoes from the feet, and the re-nailing of them on, which tends to the speedy
destruction of the shoe.
The shoe is made in the ordinary way from mallable iron or other metallic
materials and secured to the foot or hoof in the ordinary way, but is made without
calks or slip-cogs, which are applied as follows:-The toe or front calk or slip-cog
fits into a groove or recess in the front edge of the shoe, and is provided with a base
or holding piece extending with a projection to the inside of the shoe, giving it
great stability and firmness to resist the pull and striking action of the animal.
The base or holding piece of the calk or slip-cog is provided with holes, through
which-set-screws or other equivalents-fasten-the-calk-or-slip-cog_to_the underside__
of the permanent shoe.
For the heel calks or slip-cogs the ends of the permanent shoe are made taper for
a little distance or the length of the calk, the widest part being at the bottom or
underside, so that when the calks are put on, which is endways, the tapering
assists to keep them in their place; the calks are provided with flanges on the
inner side, and is fastened to the permanent shoe by screws or other equivalents,
passing through the holes in the flanges to the shoe. Square headed calks or slip-
cogs are used in ordinary weather. In frosty weather they are removed by simply
lifting the foot of the animal, and unscrewing the screws underneath by which they
are fastened on, and replacing them with sharp calks or slip-cogs.

page_text: The sharp calks for the off side heels are made with blades lengthway with the
curve of the permanent shoe to prevent slipping side-wise, particularly when
turning a corner, or when travelling where the road inclines laterally. The calks
for the inner side heels are made cross-wise to the off-side heels, giving a contrary
action, thereby ensuring more grip and prevent slipping backwards.
The advantages of this arrangement of shoe will be appreciated by all who own
or have the care of horses or other animals, especially when making long journies
and removed from or deprived of the proper facilities for shoeing, and where they
may be prevented from moving from place to place by a sudden change of
temperature covering the roads with ice, by having the sharp calks or slip-cogs
with them, which can be applied as before described by a small spanner, if screwed
on, or other suitable instrument if equivalent means are employed for fastening
them.
The calks or slip-cogs can be made of mallable iron, steel, or other metallic
materials.
Another feature in this Invention is that the calks or slip-cogs for frosty weather
do not add any more encumberance to the permanent shoe than the ordinary calks
or slip-cogs for ordinary weather.