IMPROVEMENTS IN GIG MILLS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Gessner, of Aue, near Schneeberg, Saxony, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GIG MILLS."
Sealed the 12th December 1854, and dated the 18th October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Gessner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1854.
ERNST GESSNER, of Aue, near Schneeberg, Saxony, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GIG MILLS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects improvements in machinery, such as was
described in the Specification of a Patent formerly granted to me, and the
improved machines may be arranged to work with two raising cylinders or
with one raising cylinder. For these purposes the machines are combined and
constructed as follows:-
In one arrangement or combination, a machine is constructed with two
raising cylinders, the axis of one of which is driven by a strap, acting on a fixed
drum thereon, and from the axis of this drum motion is communicated by
suitable gearing to the axis of the other raising cylinder, and the relative
motions of the two may be varied by changing the wheels of the gearing.
The machinery is so arranged and combined, that the cloth which is joined up
into an endless web is placed on an incline, composed of bars or otherwise, and

page_text: it is conducted over a roller, to which friction is applied to resist its too free
rotation; it then passes under another roller, the bearings of the axis of which
are stationary; it then passes partly around a roller, the bearings of the axis of
which are carried by a lever frame, which at its lower end moves on an axis,
and at its upper end is drawn towards the machine by a weighted cord or strap,
so as to press its roller more or less on the passing fabric. The cloth passes
against two fixed bars, and also against another bar carried by the upper end
of the lever frame; hence the cloth in its passage is more or less resisted by the
bars, according as the one carried by the lever frame is pressed more or less
between the other two fixed bars. The cloth next passes partly around a roller,
which by weighted levers is pressed constantly against another roller, partly
around which the cloth then passes, and by which it is constantly moved
forward, in consequence of this roller receiving motion from an endless chain
put in motion by a chain wheel on the axis of a similar roller in the front of
the machine, which receives motion from other parts of the machine. The
cloth then passes over another roller, the surface of which is made with portions
of screws from the centre outward, by which the cloth is kept distended, and
this roller receives motion from the axis of the previous roller. The cloth
then passes under the back raising cylinder, but in doing so it passes partly
around and between three rollers carried by a frame-moving on an axis, such
frame being acted on by a cog wheel taking into a rack forming part of the
frame. The cloth then passes upwards and partly over the back raising
cylinder, and in doing so it passes partly around and between three rollers, two
of which are stationary as to position, the third being carried by a lever frame,
which is moved to and from the raising cylinder by rack and pinion; and
such frame carries at its outer end another roller, partly around which the
cloth passes, and it then passes over this and another similar lever; it is then
conducted around and from the front raising cylinder by like rollers and lever
apparatus, and it is delivered on to the incline, before mentioned, it being
acted on by the front raising cylinder as it moves in contact therewith, and in
passing away from this cylinder the cloth is distended and kept out by an axis
formed with screw surfaces, as before mentioned; or in both cases these. axes
may have inclined discs thereon for the like purpose, as was described in the
Specification of my former Patent.
When constructing a machine with only one raising cylinder, according
to my Invention, the cloth, as before, is made up into a continuous web,
which, as it passes through the machine, slides down an incline, and is
caused to be acted on by the raising cylinder under differing circumstances by
apparatus applied thereto for conducting the cloth in the presence of the

page_text: raising cylinder to be acted on thereby. The cloth is conducted as in the
former arrangement, but in place of the rollers below being on a frame, and
worked by rack and pinion, there are two pairs of rollers which are worked by
screws, and the cloth passes and is conducted to the upper part of the raising
cylinder, and pressed thereon by rollers and lever apparatus, such as before
explained, the parts being slightly modified to accommodate them to working
with a single raising cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ernst Gessner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
GESSNER, of Aue, near Schneeberg, Saxony, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Ernst Gessner, Her special licence that I, the said Ernst Gessner,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernst
Gessner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GIG MILLS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernst Gessner, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Gessner, do hereby declare that
the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to
be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 show the two end views, and Figure 3 a plan, of a machine
according to the Invention; Figures 4 and 5 show the two end views, and
Figure 6 a plan, of a machine arranged with only one raising cylinder,
according to the Invention.
This Invention has for its objects improvements in machinery, such as was
described in the Specification of a Patent formerly granted to me, and the
improved machines may be arranged to work with two raising cylinders or
with one raising cylinder. For these purposes the machines are combined and
constructed as follows:-In one arrangement or combination, Figures 1, 2, and 3,
a machine is constructed with two raising cylinders; the axis of one of which is
driven by a strap, acting on a fixed drum A thereon, and from the axis of this
drum motion is communicated by suitable gearing to the axis of the other
raising cylinder. B', B", are the two raising cylinders; one of which B' receives
motion by means of a strap, acting on the drum A, and by means of the cog
wheels C, D, motion is communicated to the cylinder B; and the relative
motions of the two may be varied by changing the wheels of the gearing. The
cylinders B, B", are of the ordinary kind used in gig mills. The machinery
is so arranged and combined, that the cloth which is joined up into an endless
web is placed on an incline T, composed of bars or otherwise, and it is con-
ducted over a roller L, to which friction is applied by a weighted band to
resist its too free rotation; it then passes under another roller L", the bearings
of the axis of which are stationary; it then passes partly around a roller Liv,
the bearings of the axes of which are carried by a lever frame, which at its
lower ends moves on an axis, and at its upper end is drawn towards the
machine by a weighted cord or strap, so as to press its roller more or less on
the passing fabric. The cloth passes against two fixed bars H, H, and also
against another bar H", carried by the upper end of the lever frame; hence
the cloth in its passage is more or less resisted by the bars H, H, H", according
as the one H", carried by the lever frame, is pressed more or less between the
other two fixed bars. The cloth next passes partly around a roller I, which
by weighted levers K is pressed constantly against another roller G, partly
around which the cloth then passes, and by which it is constantly moved
forward, in consequence of this roller receiving motion from an endless chain S,
put in motion by a chain wheel on the axis of a similar roller G', in the front
of the machine, which receives motion from other parts of the machine in the
following manner :-On the axis of the roller G is a cog wheel F, which takes
into and is driven by the pinion F' on the axis of the cog wheel F", which is

page_text: driven by the pinion E on the axis of the cylinder B¹. The cloth then passes
over another roller L', the surface of which is made with portions of screws
from the centre outward, by which the cloth is kept distended; and this roller
receives motion by a cross band in pulleys on the axes of these two rollers; and
by another cross band, actuated by a pulley thereon, motion is communicated
to the roller L", which, like that at L', is made with portions of screws from the
axis of the previous roller. The cloth then passes under the back raising
cylinder B", but in doing so it passes partly around and between three rollers
L, L, M, carried by a frame R, such frame being acted on by a cog wheel Q",
at each end of the axis, taking into racks forming parts of the frame R. The
back cog wheel Q takes into and gives motion to the front cog wheel Q", and
they are put in motion by means of a pinion P on the axis O", which gives
motion to cog wheel P on the axis of the back cog wheel Q". The cloth
then passes upwards and partly over the back raising cylinder, and in doing so
it passes partly around and between three rollers L, L, M, two of which are
stationary as to position; the third M, being carried by a lever frame N, which
is moved to and from the raising cylinder by rack R and pinion Q, put in
motion by the crank handle and axis O; and such frame N carries at its outer
end another roller L, partly around which the cloth passes, and it then passes
over this and another similar lever N; it is then conducted around and over
the front raising cylinder B', by like rollers and lever apparatus, which are
respectively marked with the same letters of reference as those described for
the cylinder B, and it is delivered on to the incline T, before mentioned, it
being acted on by the front raising cylinder as it moves in contact therewith;
and in passing away from this cylinder the cloth is distended and kept out by
an axis M, formed with screw surfaces, as before mentioned; or in both cases
these axes L', L, and M, may have inclined discs thereon for the like purpose,
as was described in the Specification of my former Patent.
When constructing a machine with only one raising cylinder according to
my Invention, the cloth, as before, is made up into a continuous web, which,
as it passes through the machine, slides down an incline T, and is caused to
be acted on by the raising cylinder under differing circumstances, according
as it is pressed more or less up to its surface, by apparatus applied thereto for
conducting the cloth in the presence of the raising cylinder to be acted on
thereby. The cloth is conducted as in the former arrangement, from the
incline T over a roller L, under a roller L", under a roller L, carried by
a lever frame. The cloth is acted on by H, H", H, as before explained. It
passes over a roller I, under a roller G", over a roller M, which is provided
with inclined discs, with points or with screws, as before explained, and then in

page_text: contact with the raising cylinder B, in a similar manner to what has been
described in the previous machine in respect to the back raising cylinder B";
but in place of the rollers L, L, below the raising cylinder B, being on a frame,
and worked by rack and pinion, as shown and explained in respect to the
previous machine, there are two pairs of rollers, which are worked by screws
Y; Y, each screw being a right and left handed screw, as shown; hence the
causing the two screws Y to turn, will move the two pairs of rollers to or from
each other, according to the direction in which they are turned, and thus cause
the cloth to be acted on by more or less of the raising cylinder B. Motion is
communicated to the screws Y, Y; by means of the crank handle O, and the
cog wheels Z, Z, on the axes of the screws Y, and the cloth passes and is con-
ducted to the upper part of the raising cylinder, and pressed thereon by rollers
and lever apparatus, such as before explained, the parts being slightly modified,
to accommodate them to working with a single raising cylinder, as will readily
be understood by reference to the Drawings, Figures 4, 5, and 6, where it
will be seen that the cloth from the lower front roller L passes up against the
front lower surface of the raising cylinder, thence partly round another roller L
over a roller M, arranged with pointed discs or screw surfaces, for keeping the
cloth distended; thence under a roller.L, which presses it against the upper
front surface of the raising cylinder. The cloth then passes partly around a
roller L, carried by a lever frame N, a rack R on which is acted on by a
pinion Q, and as in the machine above described; thence the cloth passes back
over the upper front roller L, then partly around the roller G', which receives
motion from the axis of the raising cylinder B, by means of the pinion E taking
into and driving the cog wheel F, on the axis of which is a pinion F¹, which
takes into and drives the cog wheel F", on the axis of the roller G', from which
axis motion is communicated to the axis of the roller G" by a chain S, acting
on chain wheels on the axes of G and G". The axis of the raising cylinder B
receives its motion from the axis U, by a driving band acting on the drum A,
and such motion is caused to be in one or other. direction, according as the
wheels W. and V are put in gear, or whether the wheel X on the axis U is in
gear with an intermediate wheel X, and that intermediate wheel in gear with
the wheel V on the axis B, as will readily be understood by reference to
Figure 6. The cloth in passing from the roller G¹ to the incline T, passes
partly around the two rollers I, I, carried by the weighted levers K.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not claim any of
the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the precise details
shown and described; so long as the peculiar character of my Invention.be.

page_text: retained; but what I claim is, the mode herein described of combining the
mechanical parts for conducting cloth to and from a gig mill.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Gessner, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
EDUARD M. CŎCKEL.
ERNST LIEBMANN.
ERNST GESSNER. (L.S.)