Improvements in Rollers suitable for Sugar-cane Crushing-mills.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rollers suitable for Sugar-cane Crushing-mills.
I, JAMES MYLNE, of Shahabad, Bengal, India, Zemindar, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention has for object inter alia to provide the rollers of sugar-cane
crushing-mills with grooves and feeding edges which shall be more permanently
effectual than those that have as far as I am aware beea heretofore proposed.
According thereto a sugar-cane crushing-mill roller has formed in it a number of
peripheral channels, which may either be parallel to the axis of rotation of the
roller or be inclined thereto so as to be somewhat helically arranged in the roller;
and there is then inserted into these channels filling, the hardness of which is
different from that of the adjacent peripheral portions of the roller. The channels
may be made of dovetail or other suitable shape in cross section for the purpose of
retaining the filling in place.
The filling may consist of two materials riz., a material harder and more enduring
than the adjacent peripheral portions of the roller, and another material softer
than the first-mentioned material and preferably also softer than the adjacent
peripheral portions of the roller. The harder and more enduring material will
then be arranged to present an edge for taking hold of and feeding the canes, and
for this purpose will be preferably placed at one side of each channel, the softer
material filling up the remaining space therein with the exception of a groove,
which will be formed in the peripheral surface of the softer material in such a way
as to leave clear a feeding-edge of the harder material. The harder and more
enduring material will preferably consist of steel strips; and the softer material
may be lead, any suitable amalgam for example that of zinc, antimony, lead,
mercury, and tin, or of mercury and one or other of the metals just mentioned, any
suitable metal or alloy, or a suitable cement.
The filling may, however, consist entirely of the harder and more enduring
material, which in this case will have a suitable peripheral groove made in it.
In some cases, especially where the canes to be operated upon are soft or where
cheapness and ease of production as regards the rollers are chief requisites, the
filling may consist entirely of material softer than the adjacent peripheral portions
of the roller, the feeding edge then consisting of the material forming the walls of the
channel.
To keep the filling in the channels in the event of its becoming slack, a ring over-
lapping the channels may be attached to the lower end of a vertical roller, or to
both ends of a horizontal roller.
In order to adapt the peripheral surfaces of the rollers used in sugar-cane crushing
mills to better withstand the wear and tear to which they are subjected when in
use, and thus to increase the durability of such rollers, there are or may be secured
in such surfaces, so as to be flush therewith, and between the peripheral grooves therein
when these are provided, a number of studs, blades or the like of metal for example
steel, that is capable of withstanding wear better than the material, usually cast
iron, of which the rollers are made. The studs, blades or the like, can be of round,
square, triangular or other suitable form in cross section and be secured in place in

page_text: various ways as by screwing, wedging, keying with cement or other material, or
simply by being driven into the holes prepared to receive them.
Dated this 24th day of July 1895.
I, JAMES MYLNE, of Shahabad, Bengal, India, Zemindar, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for object inter alia to provide the rollers of sugar-cane
crushing-mills with grooves and feeding edges which shall be more permanently
effectual than those that have, so far as I am aware, been heretofore proposed.
According thereto a sugar-cane crushing-mil! roller has formed in it a number of
peripheral channels, which may either be parallel to the axis of rotation of the
roller, or be inclined thereto so as to be somewhat helically arranged in the roller;
and there is then inserted into these channels, filling, the hardness of which is
different from that of adjacent peripheral portions of the roller. The channels may
be made of dovetail or other suitable shape in cross section for the purpose of
retaining the filling in place.
These channels may assume various forms and dimensions as to width, depth,
contour, and spacing or distance apart. The forms best adapted for use will vary
according to the kind of cane generally grown in the district or districts where the
mill having rollers according to this invention is intended to be worked; and may
further vary in each mill according to the position of the roller therein. Thus,
it may be found that for large soft canes, grooves of greater width and pitch can
be used to better advantage than where the cane to be dealt with is thinner and
harder. Again, the grooves in the feed roller or rollers in graduated squeeze
mills, i.e., the roller or rollers in such mills which first receives or receive the whole
canes and passes or pass them on for a further or final squeeze, can be with
advantage of wider or greater pitch or distance apart than those in the main
rollers, or those rollers which effect the further or final squeeze of the cane in such
mills.
"
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a cross section, Fig. 2 a part longitudinal
section, and Fig. 3 a part elevation, showing an ordinary "Beheea sugar-cane
mill roller, such as has come into general use throughout India, having my improve-
ments applied thereto. Figure 1 shows several varieties of grooving, varying in
depth, width, spacing, and contour, and in the manner and material of the filling.
As stated above, the form these grooves may assume is capable of almost endless
variety, the essential feature being that they form receptacles for the filling
material which they are the means of effectually holding in place. The arrow on
Fig. 1 shows the direction in which the roller is intended to revolve.
The filling of the channels marked 1 consists of two materials viz., a material 2
harder and more enduring than the adjacent peripheral portions 3 of the roller,
which is usually made of cast iron, and another material 4 that is softer than the
first-mentioned material and is preferably also softer than the said adjacent
peripheral portions of the roller. The harder and more enduring material 2 is
arranged to present an edge 5 for taking hold of and feeding the canes, and for this
purpose is preferably placed at the rear side of each channel, the softer material 4
filling up the remaining space therein with the exception of a groove 6, which is

page_text: formed in the peripheral surface of the softer material in such a way as to leave
clear the feeding edge 5 of the harder material. The harder and more enduring
material 2 preferably consists of steel strips; the softer material 4 may be lead,
any suitable amalgam-for example, one composed of zinc, antimony, lead, mercury,
and tin, or of mercury and one or other of the other metals just mentioned; any
suitable material such as gutta percha or an alloy; or a suitable cement such as
vulcanized caoutchouc; or an amalgam consisting of 14 parts of zinc and 2 parts -
of solder.
The filling in the channels marked 1ª consists entirely of the harder and more*
enduring material 2; which in this case has a suitable peripheral groove or recess 6
made in it to form a feeding edge 5.
In some cases, especially where the canes to be operated upon are soft, or where'
cheapness and ease of production as regards the rollers are chief requisites, the
filling may consist, as shown in the case of the channels marked 1, entirely of
material 4 softer than the adjacent peripheral portions of the roller, each feeding
edge 5 then consisting of the material of which the walls of the channel are formed. *
To keep the filling in the channels in the event of its becoming slack, a ring 8
(Fig. 2) overlapping the channels and with or without the cylindrical portion 8ª,
may be attached to the lower end of a vertical roller, or to each end of a horizontal
roller. Or for a like purpose the grooving may not extend quite across the
periphery of the roller, so as to leave a plain annular portion 8 at one or at each
end of the roller as shown in Fig. 3.
Three different relative arrangements of the strips 2 and adjacent grooves of a
pair of sugar-cane crushing mill rollers according to this invention are represented
in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 which are diagrammatic elevations of portions of the rollers at
and near their line of contact. In these figures the strips 2 of one of the rollers
are indicated by full lines and those of the other roller by dotted lines. It will be
seen that in the arrangements shown in Figs. 4 and 5 in both rollers of each pair,
the strips 2 are inclined or helically arranged relatively to the axis of the roller
and that whilst in the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 the strips of the two rollers
cross each other at the line of contact of the rollers, they do not so cross each
other in that shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 shows one of the rollers as having its strips 2
inclined or helically arranged to its axis and the other as having them parallel to
its axis.
In order to adapt the peripheral surfaces of the rollers used in sugar-cane
crushing-mills to better withstand the wear and tear to which they are subjected
when in use, and thus to increase the durability of such rollers, there are secured
in such surfaces, so as to be flush therewith, and between the peripheral grooves 6
therein, when these are provided, a number of studs, blades, or the like of metal-
for example steel that is capable of withstanding wear better than the material,
usually cast iron, of which the rollers are made. Examples of such studs and
blades located in the peripheral surfaces 3 between consecutive grooves 6, are
shown in Figs. 4 and 5 and marked 9 and 10 respectively. Such studs and blades are
inserted into holes or spaces prepared for them in the rollers and may be secured
in place therein in various ways as by screwing, keying with cement, amalgam, or
other suitable material, or simply by being driven into the holes or spaces prepared
for them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A sugar-cane crushing mill roller having peripheral channels provided with
filling the hardness of which is different from that of the adjacent peripheral
portions of the roller and which is so formed and arranged as to present effective
feeding edges, substantially as herein before described.
2. A sugar-cane crushing-mill roller having peripheral channels containing
filling which is harder and more enduring than adjacent peripheral portions of the
:

page_text: roller and is arranged to form prominent feeding edges, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. A sugar-cane crushing-mill roller having peripheral channels containing
filling that is softer than adjacent peripheral portions of the roller which are
arranged to form prominent feeding edges, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. A sugar-cane crushing-mill roller having peripheral channels containing
filling consisting of a combination of two materials, of which one is harder and
more enduring than, and the other softer than, adjacent peripheral portions of the
roller, the softer material being arranged to leave the forward feeding edges of the
harder material exposed, substantially as herein before described.
5. A sugar-cane crushing-mill roller, having permanent grooves and feeding
edges constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to and shown in connexion with the channels 1, 1° and 1° respectively of
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
6. Providing the peripheral surfaces of sugar-cane crushing-mill rollers with
studs, blades, or the like adapted to increase the durability of such surfaces
substantially as herein described.
7. Sugar-cane crushing-mill rollers having their peripheral surfaces provided
with wear-resisting studs or blades 9 or 10 as hereinbefore described with reference
respectively to and shown in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of March 1896
W. Lloyd Wise,
JAMES MYLNE.
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.