Improvements in or connected with Steam-engines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1895-Accepted, 26th Oct.,
1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Steam-engines.
We, OTTO ABRAHAM, Miller of Platkow, near Gusow, Germany and.
HERMANN MEISEL Miller of Platkow near Gusow, Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention refers to improvements in steam-engines and its object is
to attain a high development of power, by a minimum consumption of steam.
On the annexed drawings the principle of the invention is shown: Fig. 1 is a
complete view of a steam engine fitted with the improvements referred to. Fig. 2,
is a plan of Fig. 1 and the Figures 3-6 shew details.
As shown in Fig. 1, the piston A' is situated in close proximity to the cylinder
lid of the cylinder A; the inlet valve n' is open, but the outlet valve o' is shut.
The inlet valve n, situated on the opposite side of the cylinder A, is also shut and
the outlet valve o, open. The piston rod a projects beyond either end of the
cylinder. A driving chain or rope cis attached to the ends of the piston rod which
passes over two chain- or rope-pulleys d and d². The chain- or rope pulleys d
and d run loose on the shafts and and are each situated between a pair of
ratchet wheels e and et on said shafts & and k¹. The pulleys d and d' are provided.
with several pawls actuated by the springs . The ratchet wheels are
arranged in such a manner that the ratchet-wheel can only revolve in the
direction of the arrow 5, and the ratchet wheel e only in the direction of the
arrow 6, that is, in opposite directions. There are also two belt pulleys fon
the shafts kk', which are connected to each other by a crossed belt g.
in
As.
The result of this arrangement is that when the piston A' moves and with it the
piston-rod a, the pawls which are attached to the loose pulley d'engage in the
teeth of the ratchet wheel e'. The latter being firmly keyed on to the shaft k
turns the former in the direction of the arrow 7, and consequently also the belt
pulley and with it the belt y, in the direction of the arrow 1. During this
motion the loose pulley d, revolves retrogressively on the shaft k, whereas the latter
consequence of the crossed belt, receives a rotary impulse in the direction of the
arrow 8, form the belt pulley which is running in the direction of the arrow 2.
soon now, as the piston has arrived at the opposite cylinder lid and is about to
return, the shaft k, receives an impulse contrary in direction to the shaft . Thus
the belt g, receives an impulse in the direction of the arrow 3 and continues this
motion in the direction of the arrow 4. By thus means a continuous motion of the
belt g and with it of the shafts kk' is attained. A flywheel S, is attached to the
shaft, aids the starting and the equal motion of the machine. The power thus
gained can be taken from each single shaft or from both, by means of a friction
clutch or the like and the sum of the two forces then be taken from one shaft.
The distributing gear is a valve-motion and consists mainly of the following.
parts The piston-rod a, is provided with two cross-heads B B₁ sliding in the
guides C C¹.
The cross-heads are connected to the slide valve rod b, by means of suitable
stays,, so that the former (6) follows the motion of the piston A¹. A largo
pin R is fixed opposite to the piston to the slide valve rod b. Two smaller
pins uu are fixed on both sides of the large pin and a third pin u is fixcä
underneath R, and between the pins R and u² a lever w, is connected to the

page_text: interior of the rod by means of a bolt. The lever w, slides in a horizontal guide V,
consisting of the guide surfaces k.
The latter are connected by rods H the ends of which are formed to racks.
Toothed wheels which are keyed to a shaft F journalled in the bearings I, gear in
the racks. A lever E clasps round the shaft F, which is in connection with a
sleeve D, the latter sliding on the governor rod R2 of the governor R¹ and moving
under the influence of the balls of the latter. The governor receives its motion
from the shaft k¹ by means of the pulley 1. On either side of the cylinder A are
situated the inlet valves n and n', as also the outlet valves o and o¹. The inlet-
valves provided with discs n' n³ which are under the influence of the levers p p¹,
and serve to open or close the valves. The motion of the discs is limited by
stops gl and the lever p p¹ can only move on the discs between the stop pins P³.
The levers p' are formed of two parts; the lower parts of same are under the
influence of the springs t t. The inlet valve n' is open as represented in Figures 1
and 2 when valve n is closed. When the piston and with it the rod b, moves, the
pin u, strikes against the lever p₁ and pushes the same into the position shown in
Fig. 3. In this position the lever tips over by means of the counter-weight s' which
is on the disc, till it reaches the pin and also moves the disc between the stop-
pins g', thus suddenly closing the valve n¹.
Actuated by the spring t¹ the lower part of the lever pl is forced onto a wedge T¹
which is attached to the cylinder and the pin u can thus slide under the lever pl
without impediment. During the further motion of the slide-valve rod, the pin u
of the valve n passes the lever p. The lower part of the lever p, being also under
the pressure of a spring t, has slid up onto the wedge T and allows the pin u¹ to
pass freely. Now the larger pin R, strikes against the lever catches the same and
opens the inlet valve n, by means of the counter-weight which is attached to the
lever p. The opening of this valve is just as sudden as the closing of the valve n'
as the valve n is provided with the same kind of stop pins as the valve n'. Through
the opening of the valve n, the piston is moved back again, and causes the pin u to
strike against the lever p, thus forcing the latter onto the wedge T. The pin u
now passes under the lever p¹, whilst the piu R catches the latter, thus again
opening the valve n'. These movements continue in thus manner. The supply of
steam is supplied from the boiler by means of the main steam valve m.
The two outlet valves o and o' which are coupled together by the rod are
worked by the pin 2 which is situated under the large pin R. Both outlet valves
are fitted with the same appliances as the inlet valves, but with the difference that
the levers g g are not forked. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the outlet valve o, is open
when the valve ol is closed. Consequently, as soon as the pin R arrives at the
position in which it opens the inlet valve n then the piu 2 closes the outlet valve o,
and the latter in its turn opens the outlet valve o' by means of the rod r. The
levers 9 g are provided with counter-weights & s³, which cause a sudden opening
and shutting of the outlet valves in the same manner as with the inlet valves.
The governing of the machine is also effected by the slide-valve rod that is
to say by the following parts. The pins u and u¹ which serve to actuate the inlet-
valves are fitted moveably in the grooves L¹, N'. The pin u, is fixed together
with the rack L, which is situated in the interior of the slide valve rod b. A cog
wheel O, which is journalled, on the shaft O gears in this rack. O, gears in a
second cog-wheel P, which, in its turn gears in another rack N. To thus rack,
the pin u is fixed. The whole arrangement bears on the cog-wheels which
gear in the racks L and N. In addition to the above, the lever W is attached
to the shaft O' and slides in the guide K. Consequently the pins u and u¹ are
under the influence of the motion of the lever W. Now if the governor receives.
its rotary motion from the main shaft or as illustrated, from the shaft k', it
transfers its motion to the sleeve D and thus to the lever E. The latter sets
the shaft Fin motion and consequently the cog-wheels G. The result is, that
the racks are shifted either upwards or downwards and with them the guide
plates, which guide the lever W. By the shifting of the lever W the pins
u ul

page_text: re either forced asunder or brought near each other thus regulating the opening
nd shutting of the inlet valves.
By this self acting regulation, the consumption of steam is reduced to a minimum,
and by the peculiar valve gear and transmission of the power generated, the whole
of the energy developed by the machine, becomes available.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare, that what
we claim, is :-
:-
1. Attached to steam engines the combination of a chain or rope gear and piston
rods projecting through both lids of the cylinder lids in such manner that the rope
or chain (c) passes over pulleys d d' which run loose on the shafts k k where as
ratchet wheels eel which are keyed or fixed onto said shafts cause the latter to
revolve, this revolution being made continuous by means of a crossed belt (9) which
runs over pulleys which are on said shafts for the purpose of utilizing the whole
energy of said steam engine and of taking the power thus gained off two shafts as
herein set forth and fully explained.
2. In machines as described in Claim 1 the combination of a slide valve rod
which actuates the steam distributing steam gear with the piston rod in such a
manner that a the pins (u R and u¹) which are on the slide valve rod b strike against
the levers (p, p¹) which work the inlet valves, and b a pin (u) which is attached
to the slide valve rod actuates the levers (g g¹) which are coupled by the rod (r)
and thus open and shut the outlet or blow-out valves.
3. In steam engines as described in Claims 1 and 2 the adjustable arrangement
of pins (u u) on the slide valve rod in such a manner that the said pins are fixed to
racks (L. N.) which are placed inside the rod (b) said racks gearing in cog wheels
(OP) for the purpose of regulating the action of the inlet valves.
4. In steam engines, in combination with the regulating arrangement as described
under 3 the employment of the lever W which is connected to the cog wheel (o)
and which slides between guides (k) the latter being under the influence of the
motion of the governor for the purpose of causing an automatic regulation of the
inlet valves by the motion of the machine itself.
5. In steam engines the arrangement as described under 4 constructed in such a
manner, that the governor sleeve (D) transfers the motion to the guides (k) by
means of a lever (E) which claps a shaft (F) the latter actuating the racks as
5 herein duly described and fully set forth.
Dated this 21st day of September 1895.
ROBERT KRAIN,
Agent for Applicants.