Improvements in Grinding Machines and in Apparatus for Trueing, Shaping and Polishing.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 27th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 4th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grinding Machines and in Apparatus for Trueing,
Shaping and Polishing.
I, HENRY SLACK of 12, Sheaf Gardens Terrace, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS FOR TRUEING,
SHAPING, AND POLISHING to be as follows :-
"
My present invention is an improvement or extension of my previous Patent for
apparatus for grinding, trucing and surfacing &c. No. 4370, A.D. 1882, which
comprised a side grinding machine having a hollow disc or chuck fitted with
adjustable segmental blocks of real or artificial stone, mounted and rotating on a
sliding, swivelling headstock or frame fixed at right angles to a front bed, but made
so as to be adjustable at any desired angle to it. This front bed being fitted with
one or more sliding tables with pairs of vice, clamps, rests or equivalent appliances
for supporting and securing the articles to be operated upon. The rest and bed
partake of the form of a compound slide rest and bed of an ordinary lathe or the
bed, table and vices being similar to those of an ordinary shaping or planing
machine, so that the articles secured thereto can be moved backwards and forwards,
upwards and downwards in front of, and against the faces of the stones fixed in the
rotating chuck or hollow disc..
The machine described in the foregoing Specification is adapted for grinding,
trueing, surfacing and polishing and is specially applicable to the trucing and
facing of flat inetallic bars.
The objects of my present invention are to increase the usefulness of such a
machine by adapting it to a greater variety of work, likewise to construct similar
machines specially adapted for other classes of work.
I effect these objects by improvements and additions in the apparatus and
appliances employed, the first of which relates to the mode of fixing and securing
the segments or blocks of natural or artificial stone, emery or other suitable
material into the hollow disc or chuck.
My former Patent only provided for fixing these segments or blocks so that they
could be used for grinding on the face of the disc.
My present improvement provides for such an arrangement of fixing the segments
or blocks that they may be used for grinding on the periphery as well as
the front or back faces of the disc.
on
I likewise place these segments so as to fit the disc at an angle to the axis in
order that they may have what may be called a shearing action. My further
improvements may either form an appendage or appendages to such a machine and
in some cases being interchangeable with other parts or appendages of the same
machine, or in other cases embodying my improvements in a similar machine
specially designed for certain classes of work.
My improved grinding machines may thus be constructed to do a great variety of
work as for example, a machine as described in my former Patent, an outline
Specification of which has been already given, can easily be adapted by means
of one of my improved appendages or attachments (hereinafter referred to as
attachment No. 1) for grinding circular saws, swage circular saws, circular knives,
coulters and all kinds of dishes and in like manner by means of another of my
improved appendages or attachments (hereinafter referred to as attachment No. 2)
such a machine can easily be adapted for grinding table cutlery, joiners chisels,
joiners plane irons and all kinds of edge tools that are similar in shape, i.e. flat,

page_text: taper, bevelled, square edges, or swage on edges, sheep shears, scythes, sword
bayonets all kinds of files, keys for fastening wheels on shafts, and a variety of
other articles which may be ground to copy, or separate machines may be specially
constructed to perform the work described with either of these attachments
separately or interchangeably.
Attachment No. 1 consists of a headstock carrying a disc or face plate, mandrel
or spindle in such a manner that the spindle or the headstock or both are made so
as to swivel or oscillate horizontally or vertically and slide longitudinally or
transversely on the front bed of the machine, in front of the grinding disc which
bed I likewise make to rise and fall vertically, the face plate or disc which carries
the circular object to be manipulated, is made to revolve either by worm or wheel
gearing or by a pulley, or chain wheel, or other suitable means and the sliding,
oscillating or swivelling movements of the same are effected by any suitable
mechanical appliances, either by hand or by power and may where necessary be
provided with mechanism by which any of these movements may be performed
automatically.
Attachment No. 2, consists of a rectangular face plate mounted on a frame or
headstock and provided with a vertical swivelling motion, worked from the trunnion
ends of the face plate, similar to that described and illustrated in my previous Patent
also herein referred to, but in addition I provide it with mechanism by means of
which it may be worked as on a slide rest, longitudinally or transversely and
likewise be provided with the means of moving the saddle or slide radially from oue
end to enable taper objects to be manipulated, I likewise provide in the slide and
saddle of this new attachment or in the slide, saddle and bed suitable mechanism
similar to that employed in copying lathes, by means of which various shapes and
contours may be repeated from a template or copying bar provided for the
purpose.
I should likewise in some cases provide a rising and falling front bed for
carrying this attachment similar to that described for attachment No. 1.
A further addition which I sometimes find it convenient to make when grinding
light parallel or taper articles consists in fitting one or more friction rolls in the
rectangular face plate, previously referred to, and likewise one or more horizontal
carrying rolls fitted below the same, the object of which being that the horizontal
rolls support the article or frame carrying the same as it passes in front of the disc
and the vertical rolls reduce the friction between the object being ground and the
face plate, in this way light articles may be passed by hand to and fro along the front
of the disc between it and the face plate more expediteously than by the mechanical
traverse employed for larger work.
The improved apparatus and appliances herein described as attachments No. 1
and No. 2, may be adapted not only to the grinding machine described in my former
Patent but likewise to any modifications in that machine as described in my former
Patent which it may be desirable to employ.
My improved machine in addition to the class of work herein described may be
adapted for grinding the flanges of pipes, pulley rims and in fact any class of
engineering work which is now submitted to a grinding process, it may likewise be
adapted for grinding stone, marble, slate and the like substances.
Dated this 26th day of February 1892.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grinding Machines and in Apparatus for Trueing,
Shaping, and Polishing.
I, HENRY SLACK of 12, Sheaf Gardens Terrace, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS FOR
TRUEING, SHAPING AND POLISHING" and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My present invention is an improvement or extension of my previous Patent for
apparatus for grinding trueing and surfacing &c. No. 4370 A.D. 1882, which
comprised a side grinding machine having a hollow disc or chuck fitted with
adjustable segmental blocks of real or artificial stone, mounted and rotating on
a sliding, swivelling headstock or frame fixed at right angles to a front bed,
but made so as to be adjustable at any desired angle to it. This front bed being
fitted with one or more sliding tables with pairs of vice, clamps, rests or equivalent
appliances for supporting and securing the articles to be operated upon. The rest
and bed partake of the form of a compound slide rest and bed of an ordinary
lathe or the bed, table and vices being similar to those of an ordinary shaping or
planing machine, so that the articles secured thereto can be moved backwards and
forwards, upwards and downwards in front of, and against the faces of the stones
fixed in the rotating chuck or hollow disc.
The machine described in the foregoing Specification is adapted for grinding,
trueing, surfacing and polishing and is specially applicable to the trueing and facing
of flat metallic bars
The objects of my present invention are to increase the usefulness of such a
machine by adapting it to a greater variety of work, likewise to construct similar
machines specially adapted for other classes of work.
I effect these objects by improvements and additions in the apparatus and
appliances employed, the first of which relates to the mode of fixing and securing
the segments or blocks of natural or artificial stone, emery or other suitable material
into the hollow disc or chuck.
My former Patent only provided for fixing these segments or blocks so that
they could be used for grinding on the face of the disc.
My present improvement provides for such an arrangement of fixing the
segments or blocks that they may be used for grinding on the periphery as
well as on the front or back faces of the disc.
I likewise place these segments so as to fit the disc at an angle to the axis
in order that they may have what may be called a shearing action. My further
improvements may either form an appendage or appendages to such a machine
and in some cases being interchangeable with other parts or appendages of the
same machine, or in other cases embodying my improvements in a similar machine,
specially designed for certain classes of work.
My improved grinding machines may thus be constructed to do a great
variety of work as for example, a machine as described in my former Patent, an
out-line specification of which has been already given, can easily be adapted by
means of one of my improved appendages or attachments (hereinafter referred to
as attachment No. 1) for grinding circular saws, swage circular saws, circular
knives, coulters and all kinds of dishes and in like manner by means of another
of my improved appendages or attachments (hereinafter referred to as attach-
ment No. 2) such a machine can easily be adapted for grinding table cutlery,
joiners chisels, joiners plane irons and all kinds of edge tools that are similar in
shape, .e. flat, taper, bevelled, square edges, or swage on edges, sheep-shears,
scythes, sword bayonets all kinds of files, keys for fastening wheels on shafts,

page_text: and a variety of other articles which may be ground to copy, or separate
machines may be specially constructed to perform the work described with
either of these attachments separately or interchangeably.
Attachment No. 1 consists of a headstock, carrying a face-plate, mandril or
spindle in such a manner that the spindle or the headstock or both are made so as
to swivel or oscillate horizontally or vertically and slide longitudinally or trans-
versely on the front bed of the machine, in front of the grinding disc which
bed or headstock or frame carrying the face plate I likewise make to rise and fall
vertically, the face-plate which carries the circular object to be manipulated, is
made to revolve either by worin or wheel gearing or by a pulley, or chain wheel,
or other suitable means and the sliding, oscillating or swivelling movements of the
same are effected by any suitable mechanical appliances either by hand or by power
and may where necessary be provided with inechanism by which any of these
movements may be performed automatically.
Attachment No. 2, consists of a rectangular face-plate mounted on a frame or
headstock and provided with a vertical swivelling motion, worked from the
trunnion ends of the rectangular face plate, similar to that described and illustrated
in my previous Patent also herein referred to, but in addition I provide it with
mechanism by means of which it may be worked as on a slide rest, longitudinally
or transversely and likewise be provided with the means of moving the saddle or
slide radially from one end to enable taper objects to be manipulated, I likewise
provide in the slide and saddle of this new attachment No. 2, or in the slide, saddle
and bed suitable mechanism similar to that employed in copying lathes, by means
of which various shapes and contours may be repeated from a template or copying
bar provided for the purpose.
I should likewise in some cases provide a rising and falling front bed or head-
stock or frame for carrying the face plate of this attachment similar to that
described for attachment No. 1.
A further addition which I sometimes find it convenient to make when grinding
light parallel or taper articles consists in fitting one or more friction rolls in
the rectangular face plate previously referred to and likewise one or more
horizontal carrying rolls fitted below the same, the object of which being that the
horizontal rolls support the article or frame carrying the same as it passes in front
of the grinding disc and the vertical rolls reduce the friction between the object
being ground and the face-plate, in this way light articles may be passed by hand
to and fro along the front of the grinding disc between it and the face-plate more
expediteously than by the mechanical traverse employed for larger work.
The improved apparatus and appliances herein described as attachments No. 1,
and No. 2, may be adapted not only to the grinding machine described in my former
Patent but likewise to any modifications in that machine as described in my former
Patent which it may be desirable to employ.
My improved machine in addition to the class of work herein described may be
adapted for grinding the flanges of pipes, pulley rims and in fact any class of
engineering work which is now submitted to a grinding process, it may likewise be
adapted for grinding, stone, marble, slate and the like substances.
The nature of my invention will be better understood on reference to the
accompanying three sheets of drawings in which
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a side elevation of one of my improved grinding machines
shewing the improved arrangement of fixing the segments or blocks in such a
manner that they may be used for grinding on the periphery as well as on the front
and back faces of the disc. This view shews the segments fitted at an angle to the
disc so that they may have what is called a shearing action when grinding on the
periphery.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a front elevation and
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, a plan of the same machine these views also illustrate the
improved attachment No. 2, for holding and manipulating the objects to be ground
in addition to the appliances described in my former Patent.

page_text: Figs. 4, 5 and 6, Sheet, 2, illustrate the same machine with a modification of the
attachment No. 2.
(Fig. 5 being a front view of the face plate).
Fig. 7, Sheet, 3, is a front elevation of the improved attachment No. 1, which I
employ, either with the machine fitted with my improved grinding disc or with the
machine provided with a disc as described in my former Patent.
Fig. 8, Sheet, 3, being a side elevation of the same and
Fig. 9, Sheet, 3, a plan; these three views shew the disc in a horizontal position
as it would be employed for grinding the edges or peripheries of articles secured to
the face plate and,
Fig. 10, Sheet 3, is a side view of the attachment shewing the face plate in a
vertical position as it would be employed for grinding the surface of any object
secured to the face plate.
It will be easily seen from these views that the face plate in this attachment may
be employed at any angle between these two positions.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views, on each
separate sheet of drawings.
a, a, are the ribs on the grinding disc.
b,, are the segments or blocks of natural or artificial stone or other substance
fitted into the same.
c, c, are wedges which are driven in from the side of the disc between each pair
of segments.
d, is the inside rim of the disc.
e, e, are set screws screwed into the rim dopposite the head of each wedge by
means of which the wedges may be tightened and the several parts herein described
are secured in position, notwithstanding that the arrangement herein illustrated
shews the grinding segments placed at an angle, the same arrangement is applicable
where the segments are fitted into the disc parallel with its axis.
Sheet 3, is the headstock for the attachment No. 1.
9, is the face plate for holding the object to be ground.
, is a mandril or spindle of the same.
i, i. is a movable saddle or saddles which is made to rise and fall by the screws);j,
on the slides of the headstock, f
k, is a swivelling bearing which carries the mandril, h, of the face plate, y.
1, 1, are sleeves formed on the swivelling bearing, k, and which form trunnions for
the same to oscillate on.
711,
is a worm wheel fitted on one of the last named sleeves.
n, being a worm working in the same and by means of which the swivelling
bearing, k, with the mandril, h, and face plate, g, may be turned to any desired
angle.
o, is a bolt or set screw fitted into a radial slot, p, by means of which the
swivelling bearing k, may be secured in position.
g, is a worm wheel on the mandril, h.
r, is a worm on the shafts, (the bearings for which are formed in the sleeves 1, 1,)
which is driven by a pair of bevil wheels, t, t, from the vertical shaft, u, by a second
pair of bevil wheels, v, v, on a horizontal shaft, w, which is driven from the driving
shaft, by a worm and worm wheel. Note-the shafts u, w, and x, are provided
with feathers or grooves so that they and the wheels may accomodate themselves
to the vertical, longitudinal and transverse movements of the headstock and saddle.
y and z, are the screws by which the headstock may be moved longitudinally and
transversely on the bed.
F, Sheet 1, is the headstock of the attachment No. 2.
G, is the face plate for holding the object to be ground.
H, H, are the trunnion ends on which the face plate is swivelled.
1, is a worm wheel on one of the trunnions and
J, is the worm by which the same is actuated and the faceplate, G, thereby
swivelled.

page_text: K, and L, are the screws by means of which the headstock is moved longitudinally
or transversely.
M, is a pin in the centre of the saddle on which the saddle may be made to
swivel horizontally by loosening the bolt or stud, N.
O, O, are holes provided in the saddle into which the pin, M, may be fitted by
means of which the swivelling of the saddle may be varied.
P, is a copying plate fitted into the saddle and provided with a slot Q, of the form
or configuration of the object to be copied.
R, is a pin with or without a roller which is fixed in the lower part of the rest or
saddle so that when the saddle is traversed longitudinally across the face of the
grinding disc a reciprocal motion is obtained and the object on the face plate
is ground to a curve or form corresponding to the form in the copying plate.
The copying plate P, is so fitted to the saddle that it may be readily changed
for other plates of varying forms according to the requirements of the work.
F, Sheet 2, is the headstock for the modified arrangement of attachment No. 2.
G, is the face plate for holding the object to be ground.
H, is a pin on which the face plate is swivelled.
I is a saddle carrying the face plate which saddle is made to rise and fall on the
headstock F by means of the screw J, the worm wheel K and worm L; the.move-
ment to such worm being communicated by an horizontal shaft M, driven by a
worm wheel N, and worm, O, from a longitudinal shaft, P, the last named being
provided with a groove or feather to allow of the worm accomodating itself to the
longitudinal position of the saddle, Q, which carries the headstock, F. The
shaft, P, being driven by hand or automatically as required.
R, is a screw by which the headstock saddle, Q, is inoved longitudinally in front
of the grinding disc.
.S, is a copying bar fixed to one side of the headstock by two pins, T, and, U,
which pins are adjustable horizontally in a top and bottom slot Vand, W.
The swivelling face plate is connected to the copying bar, S, by an arm or
lever X provided with a pin or roller, Y, running in the slot of the copying bar.
From Fig. 4, on the second sheet of drawings herein referred to it will be seen
that when the face plate, G, is made to rise and fall in front of the grinding disc
with the copying bar, S, placed at an angle as shewn in the drawing an object can
be ground convex, such degree of convexity being varied according to the angle at
which the copying bar is set. By placing and securing the copying bar, S, vertical
and parallel with the slides of the headstock, F, an object would then be ground
level and parallel to the face of the grinding disc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
1. In a grinding machine the arrangement and combination of parts and
appliances by means of which segments or blocks of natural or artificial stone,
emery or other suitable material are fixed and secured in the grinding disc either at
an angle to the axis of the disc or parallel thereto so that they may be used on the
periphery as well as on the front and back of the disc, in the manner and for the
purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated.
2. In a grinding machine the arrangement and combination of parts and
appliances herein described as attachment No. 1, consisting of a face plate for
holding the object to be ground so fitted and arranged on a mandril or spindle that
the said face plate can be made to revolve and to oscillate either horizontally,
angularly or vertically or to slide longitudinally, vertically or transversely in front
of the grinding disc, such motions being actuated either by hand or by power as
circumstances may require, in the manner and for the purposes substantially as
herein described and illustrated.
3. In a grinding machine the arrangement and combination of parts and
appliances herein described in connection with attachment No. 2, by means of which

page_text: such attachment may be moved on its saddle so as to slide radially and thereby
enable taper objects to be manipulated and likewise provided with mechanism
similar to that employed in copying lathes so that various shapes and contours may
be repeated on an object being ground from a template or copying bar in the manner
and for the purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated.
4. In a grinding machine the arrangement and combination of parts and
appliances herein described comprising the modified form and arrangement of
attachment No. 2, consisting of a rectangular face plate for holding the object to
be ground mounted on a frame or headstock and provided with a saddle so arranged
to rise and fall on the vertical slides of the headstock by means of a screw or
screws and likewise provided with the means by which the vertical oscillations of
the face plate may be regulated by an arm or lever connecting the same to a
copying bar placed in the rear of the headstock such copying bar being provided
with the means by which it may be employed either vertically or angularly in such
a manner that the face plate may be made to rise and fall in front of the grinding
disc either vertically and parallel therewith or angularly or radially so that taper
or convex objects may be ground or in some cases a copying bar similar to that
described for attachment No. 2, may be thus employed whereby various shapes and
contours may be repeated on the surface of the object being ground. The saddle
of such attachment being likewise provided with longitudinal and transverse
motions in front of the grinding disc in the manner and for the purposes sub-
stantially as herein described and illustrated.
5. In a grinding machine provided with a disc fitted with the means of grinding
on its periphery as well as on its faces the arrangement and combination of parts
and appliances described in Claim, 4, but employed at the side of the grinding disc
instead of at the front so that concave objects may be ground in the manner and
for the purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Dated this 24th day of December 1892.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicant.