Improvements in Filters for Hydrants and other Pipes.
Year: 1894

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters for Hydrants and other Pipes.
I, HENRY SPENCER BLACKMORE of Mount Vernon, in the County of West-
chester, State of New York, United States of America, Chemist and Metallurgist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to an apparatus adapted to connect with hydrants or other
pipes, through which water or other liquid is conveyed under pressure, so that the
said liquid during its outward course shall be thoroughly strained and filtered
thereby.
My filtering device is simple in construction, compact in form, and of low cost of
manufacture, while at same time it is thoroughly effective in its operation, as well
as self cleansing.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the filter.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a filter-tube which is adapted to fit between the
perforated strainers of the device, and
Figure 3 is a detail view, in perspective, of a deflector forming a part of the
apparatus.
The liquid-reservoir A is preferably made of spherical form with screw-threaded
openings b c at opposite sides thereof for the reception of the threaded parts d, e, of
metallic couplings E, G, under the collars of which are fitted, one or more rubber
or other suitable washers h h for insuring perfectly tight joints at said points.
The inner ends of the couplings F, G, are somewhat reduced in diameter and one
of the said couplings, say F, has the outer diameter of its reduced end, screw-
threaded, while a screw-thread is cut within the said portion of the opposite
coupling G, so that the perforated pipe-strainers i i¹ may be securely fitted to the
said threaded portions, as shown at k, k¹, the opposite ends of the said pipes ii,
fitting respectively, over or within the smooth parts of the coupling-ends, as shown
in Figure 1.
Within the enlarged recess of the coupling F is also fitted a deflector 1, which
consists of a conical center piece 2, supporting-arms 3, and an annular ring 4; the
latter adapted to rest on the end of the inner-pipe i', and thus support the deflector
with its conical point upward, or in the direction of the induction opening, for the
purpose hereinafter described."
The lower part of the casing A is provided with one or more outlets m m', having
suitable stop-cocks, and pipes leading therefrom for the distribution of the filtered
liquid as desired; and the coupling G is furnished with a stop-cock o through
which the accumulations of dirt, or foreign matter is discharged when cleaning the
apparatus.
The reservoir A is provided at a short distance above its center, with a pet-cock p
for regulating the escape of air therefrom.
In putting the apparatus together the coupling F is held in an inverted position,
and the deffector dropped, point downward into the bottom thereof, the perforated
pipes are next screwed to their respective couplings, the filter-tube, which is
composed of asbestos and fibrous material is then slipped on the smaller perforated
pipe. The perforated pipes are then inserted from opposite sides, into the reservoir
and the couplings screwed into positions thereby causing the smooth ends of the
pipes to slide into the smooth parts of the couplings and be held therein as shown.

page_text: The upper coupling may be connected by any suitable joint with a hydrant, or
other pipe, so that the water, or other liquid passing through same shall be forced
through the strainers and filtering-tube, leaving the sediment or foreign matter
adhering thereto, or causing same to be precipitated to the lower coupling from
whence it is withdrawn through the stop-cock thereof.
During the flow of the liquid into the reservoir, the pet-cock p is kept open until
the said liquid shall have reached the height of same, when it is closed so that the
rising liquid shall in time be checked by the pressure of air above same; when
further filtration ceases. The withdrawal of clear liquid reduces the pressure of
air in the reservoir and thus causes the filtration to begin anew.
To appreciate the value of this invention it should be borne in mind that as the
pressure from the main reservoir of city water-works is constantly varying,
according to the height of water in same, so also the liquid in reservoir A varies in
height, according to the pressure thus exerted. For instance, suppose the water to
be under its greatest pressure thus causing the air in reservoir A, above the liquid
to be compressed to a given point, then as the pressure is reduced by the falling of
the water in the city reservoir, the air in reservoir A expands and forces a portion
of the filtered water back into the supply tube, thus liberating, or loosening any
dirt or foreign matter which may have been held against the filtering material, by
the pressure from the inside causing same to fall to the lower part of the inner pipe
trom whence it is discharged through the stop-cock v.
Upon opening the stop-cock o the same operation takes place, pressure through
the strainers being thus reduced the compressed air in reservoir A expands and
likewise loosens the adhering matter from the inside of the filter-tube leaving same
to be washed out by the flow of water through the inner pipe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination in a filter, of a pair of pipe-couplings and perforated straining-
pipes of different diameters connecting said pipe-couplings, a filtering tube arranged
between the straining-pipes and a stop-cock fitted in the lower pipe-coupling so that
the interior of the device may be thoroughly cleaned, by allowing the water to flow
directly through the same, as described.
2. In a filter, a liquid reservoir having screw-threaded openings in the upper and
.lower extremities thereof, and pipe-couplings fitted in said openings, with perforated
pipes of different diameters, connected with the inner ends of the pipe couplings, and
a tube of asbestos and fibrous material arranged between the perforated pipes,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. In a filtering apparatus, the combination of a spherical liquid reservoir having
pipe-couplings fitted in the upper and lower extremities thereof and straining
pipes connected with the inner ends of the pipe-couplings, as described, a tube of
filtering material arranged between the straining-pipes, the lower pipe-coupling
provided with a stop-cock, the liquid reservoir provided near its top with a pet cock
and at its bottom with outlet pipes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination in a filtering device, of a liquid reservoir provided with inlet
and outlet pipe-couplings straining pipes connected with the pipe-couplings, a
filtering-tube located between the straining-pipes, and a conical deflector arranged
within the inlet pipe-coupling as described, so as to direct the inflowing liquid against
the inner surface of the inner straining-pipe, substantially as and for the purpose
**pecified.
00
HUGHES, SON & Co.,
38, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.