IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CRUSHING AND GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Patterson, of Beverley, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING VARIOUS
KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CRUSHING
AND GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1863.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING
VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CRUSHING
AND GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of mills known as eccentric mills,
wherein the grinding or other operation is effected between the faces of two
circular toothed plates or discs, which revolve together by contact with each
other in the same direction, but are placed eccentrically to each other, so as to
produce a wrenching action upon the substance operated upon. As heretofore
constructed the mills have been liable to become choked and useless by
having their grooves or teeth filled up when reducing soft, oily, and gummy
substances; and one part of this Invention consists in arranging the plates or

page_text: grinding surfaces in such a manner that one or more scrapers may be applied
to keep the surfaces clean. With this object, in lieu of using two perfectly
flat plates or grinding surfaces, and placing them opposite to each other as
usual in parallel planes, so that the two surfaces cover each other, or there-
abouts, it is proposed to make the grinding surfaces somewhat conical or
bevelled, and to place them in such a position that they can only be brought
into contact with each other on one side of their respective centres in a line
at right angles to a plane passing through the centres of both plates; a space
is thus left between the two surfaces on the opposite side of their centres
wherein one or more scrapers can be fixed. The substances to be operated
upon in place of being fed in through an eye in the centre of one of the plates
are fed direct into the angular space formed between the grinding surfaces,
where they are nearest in contact, and are thus subjected to a crushing action
in addition to the wrenching action of ordinary eccentric mills.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Patterson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Patterson, Her special license that I, the said John Patterson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Patterson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND HULLING OR SHELLING
VARIOUS KINDS OF FARM OR VEGETABLE PRODUCE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CRUSHING
AND GRINDING OF MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Patterson, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Patterson, do hereby declare:
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to that class of mills known as eccentric mills..
wherein the grinding or other operation is effected between the faces of two
circular toothed plates or discs, which revolve together by contact with each
other in the same direction, but are placed eccentrically to each other, so as
to produce a wrenching action upon the substance operated upon. As here-
tofore constructed these mills have been liable to become choked and useless
by having their grooves or teeth filled up when reducing soft, oily, and gummy.
substances; and one part of this Invention consists in arranging the plates or
grinding surfaces in such a manner that one or more scrapers may be applied
to keep the surfaces clean. With this object, in lieu of using two perfectly
flat plates or grinding surfaces, and placing them opposite to each other, as
usual, in parallel planes, so that the two surfaces cover each other, or there-
abouts, it is proposed to make the grinding surfaces somewhat conical or
bevelled, and to place them in such a position that they can only be brought
into contact with each other on one side of their respective centres in a line at
right angles to a plane, passing through the centres of both plates; a space
is thus left between the two surfaces on the opposite side of their centres
wherein one or more scrapers can be fixed. The substances to be operated
upon in place of being fed in through an eye in the centre of one of the plates
are fed directly into the angular space formed between the grinding surfaces,
where they are nearest in contact, and are thus subjected to a crushing action
in addition to the wrenching action of ordinary eccentric mills.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both the
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents an end elevation of my improved.
eccentric grinding machine, the driving pulley being removed; and Fig. 2 is a;
corresponding sectional plan of the same.

page_text: A is the support or main framing of the mill, and B and C represent
respectively the two conical grinding or reducing surfaces, the one B being
fast on the inner end of the driving shaft D, and the other fast on the end of
a second shaft E, which is at an angle with the shaft D, and has its inner end
slightly eccentric to that of the shaft D, as is clearly shown in the Drawings.
These grinding surfaces are slightly conical, and are in contact with each
other at one part only of their surfaces. F is a driving pulley fast on the
outer end of the shaft D, which shaft works in a long bearing G, bolted to the
bed plate of the mill, and consequently the grinding surface B receives a
positive rotatory motion with the driving shaft, whilst the grinding surface C
derives its rotatory motion solely by frictional contact with the surface B. The
shaft E of the grinding surface C is carried by and revolves in a long
bearing H, similar to the bearing G, and also bolted down to the bed plate.
By placing the two conical or bevelled grinding surfaces at an angle with each
other, and bringing them in contact at one point only, sufficient space is
obtained between them on the side of the centre opposite to that on which
they are in contact to insert a pair of scrapers I, I', which are secured to the
bed plate or other convenient support, and keep the two grinding surfaces
perfectly clean, K, K', are rollers, which bear respectively against the backs
of the grinding surfaces B and C respectively at the part where the actual
grinding takes place. The spindle of the roller K may work in stationery
bearings L, but the spindle of the roller K' is, by preference, fitted into
adjustable bearings M, which bearings are acted upon by the screws N, N,
working through nuts or tapped holes in the cross head O. P is a fixed
bracket, in which the ends of the screws rotate; and Q, Q, are spur wheels
for transmitting motion to both the screws simultaneously by turning the hand
wheel R. By regulating the position of the roller K' behind the grinder C
in the manner shown, the distance between the grinding surfaces may be
varied, so as to grind finer or coarser as required, S is the feeding hopper,
supported by the uprights T, T, and discharging its contents into the angular
space immediately above the point of contact of the two grinding surfaces.
The ground or reduced substances are discharged through the shute or spout U.
In practice it is found advisable to enclose the two grinding surfaces and the
rollers K, K', in wooden or metal cases, so as to prevent the entrance or exit
of dust. The grinding surfaces may be composed of stone or any other
suitable material, but when iron or steel plates are employed for this purpose,
as shewn in the Drawings, the grinding surfaces may be furnished with
circular teeth or ridges varying in pitch according to the work to be done.
From the peculiar relative positions of the grinding surfaces it follows that the

page_text: teeth or ridges on the opposite grinding plates will cross each other when they
are nearest in contact, and thus produce a wrenching or twisting action upon
the substances under treatment in addition to the pressure between the
plates.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the application and use of two conical or bevelled revolving grinding
surfaces, placed at an angle to each other, so that they are in contact with
each other on one side only of their respective centres, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of two conical or bevelled grinding surfaces
combined together in the manner herein-before referred to, and having their
respective centres eccentric to each other, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar arrangement and combination of grinding surfaces and
scrapers, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Patterson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN PATTERSON. (L.S.)