Improvements in High-pressure Clarifying Apparatus for Saccharine Solutions.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1900-Accepted, 26th May, 1900
Improvements in High-pressure Clarifying Apparatus for Saccharine
Solutions.
I, DUNCAN STEWART, of the London Road Iron Works, in the County of
Glasgow, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said invention has for its object to improve the construction of apparatus
for clarifying saccharine solutions and thereby obtain increased efficiency and
economy.
The improved apparatus comprises an outer cylindrical metal shell divided
internally by two concentric shells into three spaces, a central cylindrical space
and two annular cylindrical spaces. Tubing preferably of copper, is arranged
in the three spaces with suitable connections such that the saccharine solution,
propelled by pumps, passes first through the tubing in the outer space, secondly
through the tubing in the intermediate space, and thirdly through that in the
central space.
Steam or vapor obtained as hereinafter described or otherwise
operates on the tubing in the outer space and imparts a primary heating to the
solution passing through the tubing. In the intermediate space the solution is
further heated by means of exhaust, steam; and in the central space it is heated
by means of steam of about 45 lb. per square inch, to a temperature of from 240
to 260 degrees, Fahrenheit. The solution passes out of the central space through
a valve loaded to maintain a pressure of about 20 lb. per square inch in the
tubing. The solution being relieved of pressure on passing through the loaded
valve, has its temperature reduced to about 212 degrees Fahrenheit yielding steam
or vapor which collecting in a chamber is led to the outer space of the main shell
to supply heat to the tubing therein.
The saccharine solution having previously been subjected, to sulphorous acid
is treated with milk of lime either pure or mixed with alum or other saline matter
before entering the apparatus. The high temperature in the central space causes
the albuminous matters in the solution to coagulate with the lime and other
impurities. The solution being under a pressure of 20 lb. per square inch, does
not boil, and its colour is not injured in the process, whilst the albuminous matters
are thoroughly hardened and left in the form of flakes which are easily separated
by settling or filtering. The solution is forced through the apparatus at a suffi-
cient speed to prevent incrustation inside the tubing.
Dated this lilovonth day of July 1899
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in High-pressure Clarifying Apparatus for Saccharine
Solutions.
I, DUNCAN STEWART, of the London Road Iron Works, in the County of
Glasgow, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
My said invention has for its object to improve the construction of apparatus
for clarifying saccharine solutions and thereby obtain increased efficiency and
economy.
According to my invention the improved apparatus comprises an outer
cylindrical shell divided internally by two concentric shells into three spaces, a
central cylindrical space and two annular cylindrical spaces. Tubing provided
with suitable connections is arranged in the three spaces and the saccharine
solution is propelled by pumps through the tubing the outlet of which is con-
nected to a holding valve connected preferably direct to the outer annular space.
The solution after passing in succession through the outer, intermediate, and
central sets of tubes is discharged through the holding valve into the outer
annular space from which it is drawn off by an outlet. In the central space the
solution as it passes through the tubes is heated by comparatively high pressure
steam, in the intermediate annular space it is heated by exhaust steam, and in
the outer annular space it is heated by the steam or vapor arising from the
solution collecting in the outer annular space. The solution before entering the
apparatus is subjected to sulphurous acid and then treated with milk of lime
either pure or mixed with alum or other saline matters.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append two sheets of explanatory draw-
ings to be hereinafter referred to in describing the improvements.
Figure, 1, on Sheet, 1, of the drawings is a longitudinal section Figure, 2, on
Sheet, 2, is a front elevation, and Figure 3, a transverse section of the improved
apparatus. In these drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used
to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
In carrying out the invention there is provided an outer cylindrical metal
shell, A, which is divided internally by two concentric shells, B, C, into three
spaces, a central cylindrical space, C1, an intermediate annular cylindrical
space, B1, and an outer annular cylindrical space, A1, the spaces being closed
at their front ends by covers, A2, B2, C2, and at their back ends by covers A 3,
B3, C3, the cover, C3, being formed with a handhole, C4, the door of which is
not shown. In each of the spaces, A1 B1, C1, tubes D1, D2, D3, extending
longitudinally, are arranged being supported at their ends by brackets, E, fixed
to struts, El, within the spaces. The three sets of tubes, D1, D2, D3, are
connected together by outside pipes, G1, G2, and the tubes forming a set by
curved end portions, H1, H2, the front curved end portions, H 1, which project
outside of the tube spaces being covered or enclosed by cap pieces, J, fixed to the
front covers, A2, B2, C2. By this arrangement a continuous line of tubing
is formed from the inlet to the outlet ends of the tubes. The saccharine solution,
propelled by suitable pumps, enters the apparatus through the inlet, K, and
passes first through the tubes, D1, in the outer space, A 1, then through the
tubing in the intermediate space, B 1, and lastly through the tubing in the central
space, Cl.
Steam or vapor, obtained as hereinafter described or otherwise,
operates on the outer surface of the tubing in the outer space, A 1, and imparts

page_text: a primary heating to the solution passing through the tubing. In the inter-
mediate space, B1, the solution is further heated by means of exhaust steam
admitted through an inlet, L, in the front cover, B2, and in the central space, C1,
it is heated by means of steam having a pressure of about 45 lbs. per square inch,
the steam entering the space through an inlet, L1, formed in the cover, C2,
and heating the solution to a temperature of from 240 to 260 degrees Fahrenheit.
The solution passes out of the tubing in the central space, C1, by a pipe, M,
and through a valve, N, fitted to the pipe, the valve being connected, preferably
direct as shown, to the outer space A 1, and loaded to maintain a pressure of
about 20 lbs. per square inch in the tubing. The solution being relieved of
pressure on passing through the spring loaded valve, N, has its temperature
reduced to about 212 degrees Fahrenheit, yielding steam or vapor which, collect-
ing in the outer space, A 1, supplys heat to the tubing therein. The solution
discharged into the outer space, A 1, is drawn off through an outlet, P', formed
in the bottom of the main shell, A, and outlets, P1 P2, formed in the front
covers, B2, C2, are provided for draining the intermediate and central
spaces, B1, C1.
The saccharine solution, having previously been subjected to sulphurous acid,
is treated with milk of lime, either pure or mixed with alum or other saline
matters, before entering the apparatus. The high temperature in the central
space, C1, causes the albuminous matters in the solution to coagulate with the
lime and other impurities. The solution being under a pressure of 20 lbs. per
square inch, does not boil and its color is not injured in the process, whilst the
albuminous matters are thoroughly hardened and left in the form of flakes which
are easily separated by settling or filtering. The solution is forced through the
apparatus at a sufficient speed to prevent incrustation inside the tubing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
Improvements in high pressure clarifying apparatus for saccharine solutions
comprising an outer cylindrical metal shell, divided by two concentric shells
into three spaces, connected tubing being arranged in the three spaces, pumps
arranged to propel the solution through the outer, intermediate, and central sets
of tubes in the spaces and discharge it through a loaded valve into the outer
annular space provided with a discharge outlet, the solution in passing through
the tubing being heated by comparatively high pressure steam in the central
space, by exhaust steam in the intermediate space, and in the outer space by the
steam or vapor arising from the solution discharged into the outer space, the
parts being constructed arranged and operating substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Tonth dor of A 1000
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.