IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS AND FILTERING AND PREVENTING LIQUIDS FREEZING
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MASTERS, late of Upper Charlotte Sticet, Fitzroy Square, and now of 294,
Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Confectioner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Ilei
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of
November, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heus and
successors, give and giant unto me, the said Thomas Masters, my exors,
adiñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Thomas Masters, my eñois, adiñors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Masters, my exors, adiñois, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND
MEANS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FILTERING AND PREVENTING LIQUIDS FREEZING,
in which Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Thomas
Masters, should cause a particular description of the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to bo performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months noxt and immediately after the
date of the said in pait recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, refcience
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Masters, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked therein,
that is to sav
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Masters, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked therein,
that is to say:
My Invention consists,-
First, of improvements in apparatus and means of cooling liquids and
matters.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for cooling
and making aerated liquids.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for filtering,
and for cooling and filtering, liquids.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of combining apparatus to cool liquids and
matters by the aid of freezing mixtures, with or without exhaustion.
Fifthly, my Invention consists of employing flexible caps and other shaped
vessels for applying cold to the human head or other parts of the person.
And, sixthly, my Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for
preventing water in filtering apparatus freezing.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of an apparatus suitable for cooling wine
when in bottles or decanters. Figure 2 is a horizontal section.
Figure 3 shows a side view and plan of the vessel called the agitator, into
which the bottle or decanter is placed. This apparatus is very similar to what
has before been used, but there are two particulars of improvement applied in
constructing the apparatus shewn in the Drawing. On the exterior of the vessel
called the agitator are fixed vanes or projections a, a, by which means the
freezing mixture contained in the vessel 6 will be much more effectually
agitated than heretofore, for by causing the agitating vessel to revolve the
surrounding cooling mixture will be propelled either upwards or downwards by
the vanes a, a, and thus will the effect of the cooling mixture be more effectual
then when it is not caused to circulate. The apparatus shewn is intended to
be used with cooling or freezing mixtures in preference to broken ice; and as
some of the freezing mixtures contain chemical matters which would preju-
dicially act on iron, I cause the interior of the vessel a, which is of iron, to
be coated with enamel, as is well understood for other purposes, but the same
is new for such description of vessel, and is an important improvement. The
agitating vessel is usually of pewter or of tin, and in order to form an air-

page_text: tight chamber of the vessel 6 the upper part of the agitating vessel is so formed
as to enter a circular channel to make a water joint, as is shewn. The object
of this is, that in various freezing or cooling mixtures it is well known that
chemical materials are used which would otherwise give off ammonia or gases.
I do not make any claim to mixtures for producing cold, which are to bo
placed in the vessel b, there being many well known which will answer the
purpose, and which form no part of
my Invention.
I apply a non-conductor
of heat to the outside of the vessel 6 at c, as is shewn, and I would state that
the shape of the apparatus may be varied.
Figure 4 shows an elevation in section, and Figure 5 a plan in section
thercof of a vessel for cooling liquids or matters in bottles or otherwise, and
consists of an external vase of glass or other material d, with a cover e as
shown, which may be constructed to any device according to taste, and
separately is not of my invention. f is a vessel, which in addition to being a
vessel of capacity to hold a bottle or other matter to be cooled, is also double,
so as contain a freezing or cooling mixture, and this apparatus may be of glass
or metal or other suitable material, but if of iron it should be enamelled as
before stated, in order that the freezing mixture used should not prejudically
act thereon. It will be evident that double vessels, such as f, suitable for
containing articles or matters to be cooled, may be made of various shapes, I do
not therefore confine myself to that shewn. And in order to retain the freezing
mixture within the double part of the vessel f, I close the opening or neck g
by any suitable means; that shewn consists of a screw cap h, having a piece
of cork or other elastic material i, as shewn.
Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 show sections of double vessels f, of a similar character,
though differently constructed, and suitable for different uses. Thus Figure 6
may be used for strawberries and cream or desert ices, and such is the case in
respect to Figures 7, 8, and 9, and they are also suitable for butter coolers, and in
fact for any such like purposes, the object of this part of the Invention being
to produce vessels of capacity hollow at the sides or bottom, or both, for
receiving, freezing, or cooling mixtures, the hollow or chamber for such
freezing mixture being capable of being closed air-tight. In Figure 6,
the vesself has handles and a cover and the article to be cooled is placed
in the vessel j, which is moveable. In Figure 7 the vessel f consists of two
parts of glass, the inner one ground into the outer one to make them air-tight
between. The apparatus shewn in Figure 8 is also of two parts, the space
between being made air-tight by a water joint, and the apparatus at Figure 9
consists of a vesself within an ordinary butter cooler, the vesself being hollow
only at bottom.

page_text: Figure 10 shows a section and plan of a funnel suitably arranged with an
external chamber for receiving a freezing mixture, according to this part of my
Invention, and I would state, in respect to this instrument, that although I
have shewn the channel or passage through the funnel as being direct, it will
be evident that it may be made in the character of a worm or other form, so as
to give an indiect passage to the passing liquid.
From the above description it will be evident that vessels of capacity
of a variety of shapes, applicable to cooling of a variety of matters,
may be made, having external air-tight chambers or hollow parts suitable
to receive freezing or cooling nuatures. I do not therefore confine myself
to the shape shewn, so long as the peculiar character of this part of my
Invention be retained, as herein described. In some cases I make the appa-
ratus in such a form as to fit a bottle externally. Figure 11 shows a
vertical and a horizontal section of an apparatus of this kind. The exterior h
is made of metal, and has an internal waterproof flexible material 7, which
I prefer to be of vulcanized india rubber, which is fixed by the turning
over of the edges of the metal, and by means of a screw cap m the opening
into the space or compartment containing the freezing mixture is made
air-tight. This apparatus, it will be seen, is made so as to lifted on and off
a bottle, or this apparatus may have a hinged hollow and fastening, so as
to retain the bottle whilst in use, as shown by dotted lines. In some cases
I make decanters, jugs, and other vessels either with internal arrangements
to receive separate apparatus containing freezing or cooling mixtures, or else
I construct the decanters, jugs, or other vessels with an internal air-tight
chamber to contain freezing mixtures.
Figure 12 shows the section of a decanter, or it might be of a jug or other
vessel on a stand, the stand being so arranged as to have fixed therein a cooling
apparatus, and the decanter, jug, or other vessel is to be made hollow fiom
below upwards, so as to receive the cooling apparatus.
Figure 18 shows a plan of the stand and cooling apparatus. n is the
decanter, having the interior from the under part upward hollow, as is shown.
o is a hollow vessel containing a ficezing or cooling mixture, closed by a screw
cap, or it might be by other means. This cooling apparatus fits into and
fastens in a hollow in the stand p, as is shewn, by there being two projec-
tions q, q, formed on the cap, so that when they have passed through the
notches r, r, and the vessel o turned partly round, the vessel will be retained
in its place, or the vessel o may form part of the stand, as shewn in section in
Figure 14. By such means I am enabled to cool wine or other liquids in
bottles, jugs, and other vessels, by introducing the cooling means in the midst

page_text: of the liquids or matters to be cooled, thus ensuring that the whole cooling
effect should be applied to the liquids or matters more effectually than by other
incans I would here state, that the form of the apparatus may be varied
without departing from this part of my Invention.
Figure 15 shows the section of a jug, or it might be any other shape of
vessel, so constructed as to have an internal air-tight vessel for receiving a
fieezing or cooling mixture. 01s the cooling vessel or chamber formed or
affixed in the interior of the jug or other vessel, and therefore forming part
thereof, the entrance of the vessel being closed by a screw cap or other
convenient means. I can also, according to this part of my Invention, form
a funnel or vessel through which liquids are caused to pass in going from one
vessel to another, with an internal apparatus or cooling vessel Figure 16
shows a section of such an apparatus, s being the funnel, or it might be
a vessel of other shape, within which is formed or fixed a vessel o, suitable
for containing a freezing mixture, as before described, and as is shewn in
the Drawing. By this arrangement wine or other fluid may be cooled in the
vessels, and then run into a decanter or other vessel t, the liquid being
detained in the vessels by the stopcock as long as desired.
I would state,
that the vessels for containing fluids, and have them cooled by internal
coolers o, may be made according to a great variety of devices, such for
instance, as that shewn at Figure 18, which is a vase having an internal
cooler o, the liquids being drawn off by a cock.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which has for its
object apparatus capable of making and cooling aerated liquids.
Figure 19 shews a section of an apparatus according to this part of my
Invention; the external shape, however, may be vaned. t is the vessel for
containing the aerated liquid. is an internal vessel, such as before described,
for contuning a freezing or cooling mixture. At the lower part of the vessel t
is constructed an apparatus for preparing the aerated liquid This apparatus
consists of the chamber u, which is covered by a screw cap. w is a plate on
plate w, which
the stem, there being a tube y on the upper part of the
passes over the inverted tube, descending from the bottom of the vessel t,
there being another chamber a, into which the tube y 1ses, the chamber a
and the chamber u opening into each other, as shewn. In using this appa-
latus the water is to be run through the tube b into the vessel t, the tube 6 is
then to be closed. This will readily be understood by examining Figure 20,
where the parts are shown inverted, as they would be when filling the vessel
Having put a proper quantity of water or other liquid to be aerated into the
vessel t, I remove the plate w, and then nearly fill the chamber a with

page_text: water, I return the plate into its place, and on the plate I place carbonate of
soda and tartaric or citric acid in powder, in proportion to the quantity of
water employed, as is well understood, or other materials for producing acrating
liquids may be employed, as is well understood, and therefore separately forms
no part of my Invention. The screw cap or other means of closing the
chamber is then to be fixed and the vessel set upright, when the water
coming on to the ingredients in the chamber u the same will be brought into
action, and the product rise into the vessel t, from which it may be drawn from
the outlet c through a stopcock d, and in some cases I apply a safety valve to
the vessel t, in order to prevent accident by its bursting.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which consists of
improvements in apparatus for filtering matters, such as Jellys, which are liable
to become set if a warm temperature be not kept up, and this part of my
Invention consist of the construction of and combining certain bag filters with
apparatus suitable to contain heated liquids.
warm.
In
Figure 21 shows a section of apparatus according to this part of my Inven-
tion. Figure 22 is a plan thereof, the filter consisting of a double bag filter
a, b, made of the ordinary materials, having between them well washed pulp.
c is a conical double vessel arranged suitably for having hot water, or it might
be other fluid, by which when required the matters to be filtered may be kept
This mode of constructing filters will be found particularly useful for
fluids in general, and the outer case c will only be required when the matters
to be filtered are liable to become set; and it will be found that bag filters
of this kind are capable of being washed clean and be fit for use many times.
Figures 23 and 24 show two sections of filtering apparatus in combination
with cooling apparatus, similar to what has been before described.
Figure 28 the cooling apparatus is introduced from above, and in Figuro 24
the cooling apparatus is applied below. The Drawing shows the nature of
each apparatus, and the same will readily bo understood on inspecting the two
Figures. z, z, in the two Figures are the vessels which contain the fluid to be
filtered and cooled. y is a bag filter consisting of two bags with well-washed
pulp between them, and x is a sponge, there being perforated plates w, w, as
shewn. The bag filters have each a wire hoop, which is supported at the
point in each filter and pressed close down, so that the unfiltered water
cannot pass underneath. By either of these arangements water or other
fluid will be filtered and cooled, and may be drawn off by the cock u
In Figure 23 t is an air passage for the flow of air into the vessel which
receives the filtered water, as is shown. It will be evident that the shape of
the apparatus may be varied and other filters may be combined if preferied.

page_text: I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention Figure 25 is a
vertical and Figure 26 a horizontal section of what I call an evaporating
cooler, and consists of an apparatus which acts by exhaustion and cooling by
freezing mixtures. The apparatus is shewn to be of a rectangular figure, but
that may be varied, and has a door at a, which opens on hinges b, and the
door is closed by a screw fastening, shown full size at Figure 27. There are
perforated shelves c, c, and spaces d, d, for placing the articles to be cooled.
The apparatus is made double so as to receive non-conducting materials between,
and the shelves and interior are of enamelled iron or of glazed china or earthen-
ware. e is a cooling apparatus of pewter or other suitable material suitable for
receiving freezing mixtures, as before explained, and is to be so arranged as
to be closed air-tight by a screw cap or other means. f is a syringe for with-
diawing air from the chamber, or other instruments for withdrawing the air
may be resorted to. The door does not shut so close as to exclude the
passage of the external air.
The fifth part of my Invention consists of apparatus for applying cold to the
human body in place of ice. This consists of making flexible waterproof surfaces
by preference of vulcanized india rubber, and introducing freezing mixtures.
Figure 28 shows a section of an apparatus for applying cold to the head,
and consists of a cap suitably formed for fitting, the head of a patient, the
surfaces a and b being of india rubber; and to prevent the cold passing away
from 6, the same is covered with felt or other open thick woollen fabric or
such like preparation, suitable for preventing the cold passing in that direction
In like manner other shaped flexible surfaces may be male to fit the part of
the body to which a cold application (obtained through the means of freezing
mixtures) may be desired to be applied.
The sixth part of my Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for
filtering so arranged as to prevent the freezing of the water contained in
the apparatus. Figure 29 shows the section of a cistein and filter appa-
atus arranged according to this part of my Invention. The cistein is made
double in such manner that not only the sides and bottom, but also the top
o cover may be filled with salt and water or brine, and in addition thereto
the cistern may be surrounded by non-conducting material, but I have not
found the same necessary. a is a filtor which may be of a similar construction
to those above described, or other arrangement of filter may be resorted to if
preferred. b is a pipe leading to a cock for diawing off the water, and such
cock may be at a distance from the cistern, but the pipe 6 from the cistern
(which may be at the outside of the house and place of drawing off may be
within the house) is to be clothed with another pipe and the same filled with

page_text: salt water, so as to exclude the frost, and in order that the cistein may be
supplied with air as the water is withdrawn, I apply a pipe c, which passes
to any place from which warm air may proceed through the pipe to the
cistern, for which purpose I also enclose such air pipe with the outlet pipe in
another pipe, as shewn; and the water supply pipe, where it would otherwise
be exposed to the outer air, is to be similarly clothed with a second pipe
containing salt and water.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details so long as the peculiar character of either part of
my Invention be retained
But what I claim 15,-
Fust, the application to the agitating vessel of vanes a, a, and also the
applying enamel to the inner surface of the vessel b, and the making of the
water joint, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
And I also claim the making of vessels or apparatus with external hollow
chambers suitable for receiving fiieezing or cooling mixtures, as herein
described in respect to Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
And I also claim the apparatus for cooling liquids, described in respect to
Figure 11.
And I also claim the mode of constructing apparatus for cooling liquids, ass
described in respect to Figures 12, 13, and 14.
And I also claim the construction of jugs, bottles, and other vessels made
with internal chambers for receiving, freezing, or cooling mixtures, as herein
described in respect to Figures 15, 16, and 18
Secondly, I claim the constructing of apparatus for making and cooling s
aerated liquids, by employing ficezing mixtures, as described in respect to
Figures 19 and 20.
Thundly, I claim the mode of constructing bag filters, and combining there-
with the use of a hollow case, as described in respect to Figures 21 and 22.
I also claim the combining of apparatus such as herein described for
cooling liquids, with apparatus for filtering, as explained in respect to Figures
23 and 24.
Fourthly, I claim the combined apparatus for cooling fluids and matters,
and the making of the parts mentioned of enamelled iron or of glazed china or
carthenware, described in respect to Figures 25 and 26.
Fifthly, I claim the combining flexible waterproof bags or surfaces with
cooling or freezing mixtures, in order to cool the head or other part of the
human body.

page_text: And, sixthly, I claim the mode of combining apparatus for preventing water
contained in a filtering cistein from becoming frozen, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Masters, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Thomas Masters came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
abovo witten And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.