matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF VARNISHED OR PATENT LEATHER, OIL OR VARNISHED CLOTH, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anne Amélie Fousset, of No. 25, Rue des Acacias,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Spinster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF VARNISHED OR PATENT
LEATHER, OIL OR VARNISHED CLOTH, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 16th August 1867, and dated the 19th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anne Amélie Fousset at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 19th
February 1866.
I, ANNE AMÉLIE FOUSSET, of No. 25, Rue des Acacias, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Spinster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF VARNISHED OR
PATENT LEATHER, OIL OR VARNISHED CLOTH, AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in removing either from varnished or patent leather,
oil or varnished cloth, and other like materials either the varnish alone or
the varnish and dressing by spreading over it crude coal oil, by which the

page_text: varnish and dressing are mollified and allowed to be removed as required by
means of a cutting tool or scraper. The crude coal oil which I employ is
obtained from the distillation of coal tar, the portion of the products which
passes over at the close of the distillation only being employed; I can however
use one or more of its constituents, such as paraffine, naphthaline, and creosote.
To manufacture varnished leather or oil or varnished cloth by my process I
employ the means, tools, and materials now in use, except that I simplify or
entirely replace the pumicing of the successive layers of the dressing applied
on the leather or cloth before varnishing them. For this purpose after the
application of each layer of dressing 1 pass over it a brush or hair pencil
dipped in crude coal coal, and I afterwards wipe it over by any suitable
means. When varnished leather or cloth, or other analogous material is to
be repaired, the manufacture of which has miscarried, or which has suffered
any damage, I pass over the surface a hair pencil or brush dipped in crude coal
oil, and I remove the varnish thus dissolved or mollified by means of a cutting
instrument or scraper; it may then be re-varnished at once.
I can by
continuing this process remove the various layers of dressing partly or entirely,
and even lay the varnish and render it available for all purposes for which
the pumiced leather can be employed, and only blackened such as the
application of my process leaves it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1867.-A communication from abroad by Adolphe
Philippe and Gustave Fortier, both of Lyons, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of soap by means of ammonia,
and of oleic acid, or olein of commerce, the residue from the manufacture of
stearic candles. There is no need for special apparatus or of heating. It
suffices to add the ammonia to the oleic acid, working it up quickly for some
minutes. The combination is made instantaneously with disengagement of
heat, and when the operation is terminated the product is in a pasty form.
Different proportions of resin and other fatty matters, such as palm oil and
others, may be added to the oleic acid. The following are proportions which
will answer well:-100 parts of oleic acid and from 10 to 30 parts of
ammonia.
When it is desired to incorporate with the soap one of the other matters
above named, I commence by dissolving by a slight elevation of temperature
the fatty or resinous matter in the oleic acid, I then allow the mixture to
cool and then add the ammonia.
A NEW METHOD OF REVERSING THE MOTION OF STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bruckshaw and Cornelius
Cornes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th March 1867.
We, JOHN BRUCKSHAW, Engineer, of Oakley Mills, Staffordshire, and
CORNELIUS CORNES, Engineer, of 8, Emerson Street, Southwark, Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF
REVERSING THE MOTION OF STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to reversing the direction of motion and altering
the grade of expansion of steam and other motive-power engines. For
this purpose we employ three mitre or bevil wheels with an eccentric
or eccentrics attached; the first bevil or mitre wheel is fixed to the crank
shaft (or other shaft in communication); a second bevil or mitre wheel with
eccentric or eccentrics attached is fitted to run loose on and in a contrary
direction to the aforesaid crank or other shaft, and is connected to and driven
by the first-mentioned wheel through a third bevil or mitre wheel carried
by a shaft or lever at right angles to and having a fulcrum coinciding with the
centre lines of the crank or other shaft, so that the third wheel by the move-
ment of its shaft or lever on its fulcrum through an arc of a circle being in
gear with the fixed and loose wheels before described causes the loose wheel

page_text: with its eccentric or eccentrics to assume a backward or forward position
relative to the crank or cranks; or by moving the aforesaid lever or shaft
into an intermediate position the valve or valves attached to the eccentric or
eccentrics are caused to cut off at an earlier part of the stroke, and when the
lever or shaft is in a central position the engines are stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR TAKING COPIES OF LITHOGRAPHS, ZINCOGRAPHS, AND OTHER PRINTED MATTERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Paul Metchim at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1867.
I, WILLIAM PAUL METCHIM, of No. 20, Parliament Street, in the City of
Westminster, Lithographer and General Printer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR TAKING COPIES OF LITHOGRAPHS,
ZINCOGRAPHS, AND OTHER PRINTED MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a pecular mode of producing copies from litho-
graphs, zincographs, and other printed matters. To this end I propose to
employ a powder composed of nutgalls, logwood, or any other woody substance
containing tannin, with sulphate of iron and gum mixed in certain proportions.
I then distribute this powder over the surface of the printed matter which
remains on the surface without mixing with the oily substance of the printing
ink. Having done this a correct copy may be taken by applying a damp
sheet of copying paper over the printed matter and pressing it in the ordinary
way in a copying press.
The novelty of this Invention consist in applying the powder as herein
described in a dry state to the lithographs, zincographs, or other printed
matters as they are taken from the press. The proportions above referred to
and those which I generally prefer and which give a good result are, 2 ounces
of nutgalls, or logwood, or other woody substance, one ounce of sulphate of
iron, and one quarter of an ounce of gum, but I do not confine myself to them
absolutely.
AN ELASTIC COUPLING FOR THE PREVENTION OF SUDDEN OR UNDUE STRAINS UPON ROPES OR CHAINS WHEN USED IN TOWING, HAULING, OR LIFTING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dixon and William Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd December 1867.
We, WILLIAM DIXON, of 30, Maple Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Engineer,
and WILLIAM BROWN, of 8, De Gray Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN ELASTIC COUPLING
FOR THE PREVENTION OF SUDDEN OR UNDUE STRAINS UPON ROPES OR CHAINS
WHEN USED IN TOWING, HAULING, OR LIFTING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent any sudden or undue strain to
which ropes or chains are frequently subject when used for hoisting, hauling,
towing, or similar purposes. It is also particularly adapted for use in mines
and collieries where the ropes or chains used in winding up the cages or
tubs are subject to a sudden strain at the commencement of the lift.
The apparatus consists of a wrought-iron frame of a suitable shape, in which
is placed one or more drums keyed fast on to a shaft or spindle so as to revolve
with it. To this spindle or shaft are attached spiral springs in such a manner
that when the drums are made to revolve the springs are thereby compressed.
A smaller frame is fitted loosely within the main frame and has attached
to it the hook by which the rope or chain to be used for drawing or lifting
can be fastened. This smaller frame carries one or more smaller drums or
sheaves. Ropes or chains of a suitable length are fastened to the large drum
or drums and wound three or more times round them; then led over the

page_text: smaller drums or sheaves, and then secured to the top shackle of the main
frame. If any sudden strain comes upon the hook on the smaller frame it
will cause the large drum or drums to unwind and thus act on the spiral
springs; by this means the ropes or chains used will be relieved of the sudden
shock to which they would be otherwise subject.
AN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF GIVING SUFFICIENT DRAUGHT TO ANY KIND OF CHIMNEY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Floribert Joseph Demanet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1867.
I, FLORIBERT JOSEPH DEMANET, of Ixelles, by Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Lock Smith and Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF GIVING SUFFICIENT
DRAUGHT TO ANY KIND OF CHIMNEY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a square or other shaped chimney or body made
of metal or other material, and surmounted by a cap formed of two vertical
sides joined by an arched top, the cap being open at the ends; the said two
sides are longer than the diameter of the chimney and thus project beyond
its exterior surface. One of the said vertical sides is curved concentric with
the chimney, while the other vertical side is half straight and half curved
eccentric to the chimney. The cap may have an opening in the top covered
by an inclined plate to keep out the rain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OB APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR TREATING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hanham Collyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1867.
I, ROBERT HANHAM COLLYER, of Seafield Works, Dundee, North Britain,
M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OB APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR TREATING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, CHINA GRASS,
OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus and means employed
for treating flax, hemp, jute, China grass, or other similar fibrous materials
when subjecting such materials to processes where it is necessary to submerge
or immerse the fibres in chemical or other solutions, or to wash them in hot or
cold water in order to discharge the chemicals or to remove the gummy or
resinous matters adhering thereto.
For this purpose according to my improvements I suspend the fibrous
materials to be treated at one end by clamping the same between books, clamps,
holders, or otherwise, a number of which holders are then arranged side by
side, the ends of the holders being supported on a frame furnished with chains
or other means by which it can be connected with and suspended by a chain
from the barrel of a crab or winch mounted upon a traveller arranged to
move to-and-fro upon a tramway raised above the series of tanks containing
water, chemical or other solutions in which the fibrous materials are placed or
submerged from time to time as required. By this means the fibrous matérial
suspended in the frame can be readily raised or lowered in order to introduce

page_text: and withdraw the fibrous materials from the tanks, and transfer the same to
the adjoining tanks as required by the process a treatment to which they are
being subjected.
An important feature of these improvements consists in imparting a "jigging"
or short vibratory movement to the fibrous materials when required whilst
they are beld suspended in the fluids contained in the tanks. This movement
may be imparted to the frame in which the holders are supported by different
mechanical means but may be readily accomplished as follows:-Above the
series of tanks a little out of the centre an axis is mounted, on which excentrics
are fixed over each tank; each eccentric works in a slotted strap or frame
to which a chain is attached, and when the lower end of the chain is connected
to the frame containing the fibrous materials the revolution of the axis and
eccentric will raise and lower the frame with the fibrous materials suspended
thereon whilst immersed in the fluid contained in the tank so as to agitate
and thus subject each individual fibre to the action of the fluid. The tanks or
receptacles may be heated by steam or otherwise if required.
A REVOLVING APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING FIGURES AND OTHER OBJECTS IN APPARENT MOTION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jewitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
. 1867. A communication from abroad by William W. Rose, of New
York, United States of America.
I, HENRY JEWITT, of 141, Leighton Road, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
REVOLVING APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING FIGURES AND OTHER OBJECTS IN APPARENT
MOTION," a communication to me from abroad by William W. Rose, of New
York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a stand with a hollow central column in which
revolves a spindle of iron or other metal. This spindle is screwed or otherwise
fastened into a hollow cylinder of cardboard, tin, or other suitable material.
Inside the said cylinder are placed sheets of paper having figures or other
designs printed, drawn, or painted thereon. The said cylinder has slits or
perforations around its circumference, and on rotary motion being imparted
thereto the figures or other objects on the inside appear in apparent
motion.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAGGONS AND OTHER CARRIAGES EMPLOYED ON RAILWAYS OR TRAMWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Law Brierley, Walter Brierley, and
John Bonnell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th November 1867.
We, LAW BRIERLEY, WALTER BRIERLEY, and JOHN BONNELL, of the Firm of
"Brierley and Co." Waggon Builders, of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAGGONS AND OTHER CARRIAGES EMPLOYED
ON RAILWAYS OR TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that portion of railway waggons or carriages called
the "draw bar" to which hooks are connected, and is employed for the purpose
of coupling one waggon with another. The "draw bars" now generally in
use extend from their coupling or connecting hook along the longitudinak
centre of the waggon through the "headstock" to the "cross bearers" of the
waggon frame, to which they are bolted one to each end of the waggon, a space
existing between the two "cross bearers." whereby the strain of traction is
exerted upon the framework and body of the waggon, our Invention being
designed that the strain may be exerted on the draw bars, hooks, and links.
only. Our improvements consist in attaching or connecting the ends of the
draw bars together by a link or connection at about the middle of the length of
each waggon, and this link or coupling is so arranged that-the two screwed.

page_text: extremities of the "draw bars" project sufficiently far through holes provided
in the link (one from each end) as to admit of india-rubber rings or other
elastic or yielding surfaces being inserted, against which a metal washer is
placed, the whole being secured and screwed up by means of nuts; a collar or
shoulder is formed on the opposite end of the draw bars just behind the hook,
which when the bars are being screwed up presses against the outside surfaces
of the waggon headstock.
By this arrangement it will be seen that the framework of the waggon is
relieved from the strain of traction, which is transferred direct to all the "draw
bars" throughout the train.
In- PROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR CLOCKS AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Marlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1867.
I, CHARLES MARLOW, of Salford, in the County of Lancas Clock Case
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR CLOCKS AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to circular clock cases, but certain portions
of the improvements can be applied to cases of other forms. The circular
shell of the case I make of two or more thin boards, cemented together on
a circular mould in manner as follows:-I take a strip of scaleboard, cut
thicker than is usual, which I bave found to be very suitable, and wrap it
around a drum or mould and temporarily fix the ends of the strip; after
coating the surface of this strip with glue or other cement I apply one or
more additional strips, and if required a strip of veneer, each strip being bent
round on the former and suitably cemented. I then apply a metal strap of
about the width of the strips on the outside and tighter with bolts or wedges,
so as to exert a considerable pressure to attach the different layers firmly.to.
one another; or other suitable means may be employed to give this pressure.
The wooden cylinders thus formed can be finished in the ordinary manner to

page_text: make one or more cases according to the width of the strips of wood employed,
or it may be finished in the following manner, viz. :-I affix a back to the
case as usual, and fit a wooden rim to the front with hinges; the said rim
having a groove or rebate slightly undercut formed on its front surface for the
reception of the glass, the glass. being held in its place by means of a strip of
metal or wire which is bent into a ring and "sprung" into the groove. This
arrangement can also be used in other cases where a circular or oval glass bas
to be fixed in a frame. I sometimes hinge this "glazed door_from_the_upper
part of the case, the fastening being. at the lower part and inside the small
door or hand hole made to obtain access to the pendulum, so that a lock or
fastening on the small door secures both doors. To check the admission of
dust to the dial I sometimes use a strip of woollen fabric or other suitable
material between the glazed door and the body of the case.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PREVENTING VESSELS FROM FOUNDERING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Marshall Frost at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1867.
I, JOSEPH MARSHALL FROST, of St. Leonard's-on-Sea, in the County of
Sussex, Railway Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, WHICH
INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PREVENTING VESSELS FROM FOUNDERING," to be
as follows:-
The Invention consists principally in the use of air-tight bags, buoys, or
vessels made of canvas or other suitable material, provided with a nozzle and
stop-cock so that they can be inflated or exhausted at pleasure. To raise a
sunken vessel the collapsed or uninflated bags or buoys having elastic tubes
connected to them are taken down by divers and placed in the cabin or hold,
or secured by ropes or chains to the outside of the vessel. The bags or buoys
are then to be inflated by means of air pumps connected to the tubes, and as
they become inflated they will by their buoyancy caused the vessel to ascend
to the surface. To prevent the foundering of vessels the bags or air vessels
in a collapsed state are stowed away in the cabin or hold or other con-
venient place, and the vessel being provided with air pumps connected to the
bags by tubes, whenever from leakage or other cause there is a danger of the
vessel's foundering the said bags or air vesseis may be inflated by means of
the air pumps and will keep the vessel afloat. In case of fire these air-tight
bags or air vessels will be found very useful, as the ship might be scuttled and
the fire swamped out without fear of the vessel's foundering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING HEATED AIR TO FURNACES AND FIRES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BURNING SMOKE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hamer and Joseph Davies
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th March 1867.
We, WILLIAM HAMER, of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, and JOSEPH DAVIES,
of Bowdon, in the County of Chester, Salt Proprietor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING HEATED AIR TO
FURNACES AND FIRES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH APPARATUS
IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BURNING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in arranging pipes of fire-clay or other suitable
material and of suitable form in the flue or flues which conduct the heated
gases and other products of the combustion of the fuel from the fires to the
chimney and open air, or these pipes may form a part of the flues, or they
may be formed in the chimney or in the side walls of the fire-places, so that
they are heated by the passing products of the combustion. These pipes
communicate by one end with the open air, and by the other end with the fire,
and they form the only inlet by which air is admitted. The air becomes heated
in passing through these pipes and impinges on the fuel in a heated state,
and not as a cold body as heretofore. This apparatus is also applicable to the
consumption of smoke, for which purpose we arrange it as follows:-In con-
nection with the pipes above described we arrange perforated pipes at the

page_text: sides or back of the grate or over the fire, which becoming heated by the fire
impart a high degree of heat to the evolved gases, and by supplying heated
air through the perforations at the same time materially assist the con-
sumption of these gases and the other unconsumed particles of combustion
commonly called smoke.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Woods at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1867.
I, JOSEPII WOODS, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling passengers to
communicate or call the attention of the guard or engine driver of railway
trains.
The improvements consist in the use of a chain or cord passing through
guides placed and secured on the top of the carriage, the said chain being
connected at the end of the carriage near the engine to a spring; the opposite
end of the chain near the guard's van is attached to a spring that is employed
to keep the chain distended and bring it back into its original position after
it has been pulled for the purpose of giving an alarm. The chain after
passing the spring is attached to a chain passing longitudinally the whole
length of the train underneath the carriages, the end of which in the guard's
van is connected to clockwork apparatus actuating a hammer for striking a
repetition of alarms upon a bell. The chains which pass over each carriage
are connected to the length of chain underneath the carriages, and are provided
with short lengths of chains which depend into each compartment through
holes in the roof, the ends of the chain being provided with handles; these
said short lengths of chain are also connected by means of chains, cords, or

page_text: wires to pawls or levers which retain discs or plates contained in a box, each
disc being numbered corresponding to the compartment of the carriage on
which the box is secured; thus, when any one of the handles in the com-
partment are pulled it communicates an alarm in the guard's van through its
communication and connection with the longitudinal chain extending the
length of the train underneath the carriages, and the same pull that gives the
alarm also raises the segment or lever containing the number, thereby
indicating to the guard the compartment of the carriage from which the
alarm was transmitted; the pull of the handle having also compressed the
spring on the release of the handle the spring causes the chain to resume
its original position. In connection with this bell alarm I also apply a pedal
or projection on the rail which is elevated and depressed by the driving
wheel of the engine, so that a pendant catch on the train comes into contact
with the pedal and rings the alarm, which is useful in case of fog to protect a
train in advance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSULES OR COVERINGS FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whitehead at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December.
1867.
I, GEORGE WHITEHEAD, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of North-
umberland, Chemist and Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSULES OR COVERINGS FOR BOTTLES AND
OTHER LIKE VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in the employment of vulcanized or other india-
rubber for the manufacture of capsules or coverings for bottles of all kinds,
which capsules or coverings are made of the form of a short cylindrical or
conical shaped tube closed at one end, so that they will by the elasticity of
the material of which they are made adhere to the necks of the bottles to.
which they are applied, and thus capsule them.
APPARATUS FOR AND MODES OF REVIVIFYING MALT LIQUORS AND OTHER BEVERAGES, AND FOR WARMING THEM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Crompton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1867.
I, JAMES CROMPTON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "APPARATUS FOR AND
MODES OF REVIVIFYING MALT LIQUORS AND OTHER BEVERAGES, AND FOR WARMING
THEM," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to revivify or restore the briskness to malt
liquors and other beverages when from exposure to the atmosphere or other
causes they have become flat or stale.
My apparatus consists of a pump the piston of which is moved up and
down or to and fro by a lever or handle, and to the pump is connected a fine:
spout or nozzle. The liquor to be revivified is placed under the nozzle, and.
by moving the handle a portion of it is drawn into the pump; the vessel con-
taining the liquor is then held below, and at some distance from the nozzle, andi.
by again moving the handle the liquor so withdrawn and fresh air are forced
into the liquor in the vessel, thereby restoring the briskness to and putting a
head or froth on the liquor. An elastic ball or other equivalent may be used.
instead of the pump above referred to.
My Invention may be applied to beer engines of the ordinary construction
by applying a fine nozzle to the taps of such engines.

page_text: When my Invention is applied to warming liquors the nozzle is dispensed
with, and the pump is connected to the top of the vessel by means of an air-
tight cover; by working the pump the air is exhausted from the liquor, thereby
allowing the latent heat in the liquor to be developed.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAFT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1867. A communication from abroad by Charles Wheeler Denison, of
Philadelphia, in the United States of America.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Clapham Common, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAFT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of portable raft which
combines lightness and buoyancy with an extended supporting surface. The
raft may be described as a disc of canvas forming the floor attached to and
extended over a number of conical-shaped air-tight floats set radially around
a vertical hollow cylinder and connected thereto by links. The interior of this
cylinder is divided up in any convenient manner to enable it to receive and
secure from injury fresh water and provisions. The lower part will conveniently
contain the fresh water, and the upper part biscuits and other articles of food.
To the outside of the cylinder are attached radial stay lines which extend to
near the periphery of the canvas floor, and serve for the shipwrecked navigators.
to hold on by or lash themselves to. The air-tight floats may conveniently be
made of sheet metal, and they are to be so secured together and to the canvas

page_text: floor by lacing cords that they will allow of the raft folding together. like an
umbrella, the floats lying parallel to the central cylinder, but outside the canvas,
and will when the raft is opened out retain their radial position and give the
requisite stability to the canvas floor. A telescopio mast may be fitted to the
central cylinder and used as a flag staff for mounting a signal of distress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF RAW SILK
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1867. A communication from abroad by Jean Jacques Müller and
Joseph Schetty, of Bâle, in the Swiss Confederation.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF RAW SILK," a com-
imunication to me from abroad by Jean Jacques Müller and Joseph Schetty,
of Bâle, in the Swiss Confederation, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of raw silk, or of those products
which contain silk mixed with albuminous and other azotized foreign materials,
and consists in submitting the raw silk, or the residual products of the cocoon
after the winding off of the exterior layer of silk, to the action of an acidulated
aqueous solution in conjunction with a solution of salts of the alkaline earths,
by preference those of magnesia, which solution is to be elevated to and
maintained at a temperature of about 180° Fab. It has been found that
when such raw materials are subjected to the action of a bath containing,
for example, sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid, and in addition thereto salts
of magnesia, by preference sulphate of magnesia, that the silk resulting from
such treatment will be of superior quality to that now obtained from similar
sources by fermentation or otherwise. The acids I employ are by preference
a sulphuric acid in conjunction with sulphurous acid, but other acids and acid
salts may be employed.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention I proceed as follows:-I place the cocoons
or the raw silk in a bath consisting of about 300 gallons of water, of about
4 lbs. of sulphuric acid, of about 20 lbs. of sulphate of magnesia, and such
quantity of sulphurous acid as will saturate the before-mentioned solution, and
which if necessary is to be added either in the form of a or in solution, as
required; the temperature is elevated to about 180° Fahrenheit, and main-
tained at or about that temperature; the silk is to be well handled, and when
the albuminous and other foreign azotized matters are removed the silk is to
be washed with water and dried. The proportions as also the time requisite
for this operation will vary according to the quality of the materials operated
upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES AND ORDNANCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF INSTRUCTING SOLDIERS TO FIRE WITH PRECISION OVER LONG RANGES, AND FOR OBTAINING A CORRECT REGISTER OF THE SHOOTING BY SHOWING THE RESULT OF EACH SHOT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robertson Aikman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1867.
I, FREDERICK ROBERTSON AIKMAN, Lieut-Colonel Commanding 2nd
City of London Rifle Volunteer Corps, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES AND ORDNANCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF
INSTRUCTING SOLDIERS TO FIRE WITH PRECISION OVER LONG RANGES, AND FOR
OBTAINING A CORRECT REGISTER OF THE SHOOTING BY SHOWING THE RESULT OF
EACH SHOT," to be as follows:
I bore out the barrel of an ordinary rifle in such wise that the thick-
ness of the metal at the breech remains no more than the thickness of the
metal at the muzzle, and I insert a smaller barrel therein and rest its
breech against the breech of the gun barrel curved out to the arc of a circle
of which the nipple of the small barrel in its true position is the centre, and I
cause a tenon on the breech of the smaller barrel to project and work in a
groove in the breech of the gun barrel in a true vertical movement to give
stability. I then cut away a sufficient portion of the breech and barrel of the
rifle, removing the nipple, to allow the hammer of the lock to strike fairly
upon the nipple of the inner barrel. I then remove the under part of the
outer barrel so far back from the muzzle to the breech as to permit such
movement as may be desired to the smaller barrel radiating on its breech

page_text: supported by the breech of the gun with the nipple of the smaller barrel as
imaginary pivot. I raise or lower it at pleasure in the aforesaid movement
by means of a screw or any other well known mechanical method, and affix
an index to estimate the motion.
The principle of my Invention is simply that by the depression of the inner
barrel a corresponding elevation of the outer one is acquired, and the former
by striking the target at point-blank aim becomes a correct indicator to the
latter. And the same principle is applicable to ordnance with view to teaching
soldiers to lay heavy guns with precision, and to shew the result of each shot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF A CERTAIN WASTE MATERIAL OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carrington Sellars at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1867.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF A CERTAIN WASTE MATERIAL
OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the utilization of pitchy or coke-like residue left
in stills or vessels from petroleum, paraffin, and other like liquids after the
commercial hydrocarbons have been distilled over, and consists in manufac-
turing therefrom a substitute for plumbago, which I denominate "artificial
plumbago." The said artificial plumbago can be used for lining moulds in
which Bessemer and other steel is to be cast for crucibles, and for other
purposes for which plumbago is at present used.
In carrying my improvements into effect I take the said residue and
subject it to heat in a retort or furnace, either with or without acess of air,
for a longer or shorter period so as to drive off all the volatizable portions;
after this treatment the material is ready for use. For some purposes I mix
the said residue with oxide of iron or other metal in the state of fine powder
and then heat them together.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
30th March 1867-A communication from abroad by Thaddeus Sobeski
Carlincourt Lowe, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING
ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in compressing carbonic acid or other gas into
a liquid state, then bringing such liquid into contact or vicinity with water or
other material to be refrigerated, and then relieving the pressure, so that the
liquid carbonic acid or other gas may return to its gaseous state.
The
material in its gaseous state is then collected and returned to the pump or com-
pressing apparatus, and again compressed and used as before. The operation
is continued in this manner, using the same gaseous matter successively. The
latent heat evolved during the process of mechanical compression should be
removed by a running stream of water, or by a blast of cool air or other
equivalent means applied to the compressing pump or tubes, reservoir or
chamber proceeding from or connected with a compressing pump. The water
to be frozen or the material to be cooled should be brought into intimate
contact with the tube or vessel containing the carbonic acid or equivalent
material while vaporizing or passing from the liquid to the gaseous state.

page_text: Among the refrigerating purposes to which the process is applicable,
besides the freezing of water for the manufacture of ice and the cooling of
air for disinfecting or ventilation, or purification of ships, hospitals, and other
apartments, is the preservation of meats, vegetables, and fruits, the manu-
facture of frozen beverages and creams, and for cooling, packing, and fruit
houses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' BELTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Stanley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1867..
I, JOHN MARTIN STANLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LADIES' BELTS," to be as follows:-
I use plates of steel reduced to about the thickness of ordinary stout paper,
and tempered so as to be elastic; these plates I cut into belt bands of suitable
width, and then turn up the two sides so as to form a bead with a slightly
rounded edge along the same to prevent the metal from cutting the dress of
the wearer. At a short distance from one end of the belt I form a number
of slots 1, 2, and 3, see Fig. 1 on the Drawing, leaving a length of about two
and a half inches (more or less) blank, see a, Fig. 2 and Fig. 1, to act as a
spring when the belt is formed into a zone and fastened. For fastening the
belt I reduce the end opposite to the slots above-mentioned, see b, Figs. 1
and 2, in width and turn it up, and thus form a hook or clip which is to be
inserted in one of the said slots, when the pressure of the blank portion of the
slotted end will press against the inside of the zone beyond the clip, and form
a spring fastening which can be released and secured with great facility, while
the slots allow the size of the zone to be adjusted, as required.
I ornament the outer surface of the belts or zones by enamelling or
cementing thereto flakes of pearl or other suitable matter, gilding, silvering,

page_text: painting, embossing, or otherwise; I also polish the surface, and ornament
it with gilt, silvered, or plain and cut steel studs.
Another mode of ornamentation which the folded edges enable me to adopt
consists in perforating the metal and underlaying it with velvet, cloth, or
other fabric or substance which appears through the perforations, the said
perforations being designed to represent flowers, devices, letters, and the like.
The underlaying material is held in position by simply placing it with its edges
under the top and bottom folds of the metal, see Figs. 3 and 4, no stitching or
other fastening being necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILK CANS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Napoleon Le Gras at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1867.
I, LOUIS NAPOLEON LE GRAS, of Wardour Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILK CANS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to preserve milk during transit by keeping
it at a uniform temperature and preventing it moving or shaking.
My Invention consists, firstly, in making milk cans of two or more thick-
nesses of tin or other suitable material, the space or spaces between the
thicknesses being filled with charcoal or other non-conductor of heat, so that
milk placed in the can is not affected by change of temperature.
Secondly, in compressing the milk when in the can so as to make it, as it
were, a solid body incapable of any movement. I effect this by any con-
venient appliance, which when the can is filled in the ordinary manner
forces in the lid or cover sufficiently to produce a pressure on the milk.
Thirdly, in fitting on the inside of the lid one or several pieces of charcoal,
preferably that which is known as first quality or yellow charcoal; this char-
coal absorbs the deleterious matter in the milk without affecting the fibrin or
essential qualities.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND UTILISING THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION OF LIQUID AND OTHER FUELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davey, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April 1867.
I, HENRY DAVEY, Engineer, of 163, Strand, County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER AND UTILISING THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION OF LIQUID AND OTHER
FUELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in passing the products of combustion of liquid or
other fuels which have been previously burned into a steam chest or other
vessel, to effect which induced currents are produced and the gases injected
from a gas chamber into the steam chest or other vessel with a difference of
pressure between it and the boiler from which the steam is procured. The
steam for injecting the products of combustion may be generated by the com-
bustion of the fuel, the products of which are afterwards to be injected by means
of the steam into the steam chest or other vessel; water may also be injected
along with the products of combustion. The injection of the water and gases
is effected by means of an apparatus such as Gifferd's injector, also the
application of an air pump to force the products of combustion into the steam
chest or other vessel, either in connection with the injector and induced
currents or without either.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRYING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lee Norton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May 1867.
I, JAMES LEE NORTON, of Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRYING MACHINES," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in drying machines. In
order to dry brewers' grains, spent hops, and many other materials, I employ
a casing, by preference, of a cylindrical form and placed horizontally. A.
current of heated air is caused, usually by means of a fan, to pass through the
casing from end to end, and the casing is caused to revolve. The material is.
fed in at one end of the casing and is discharged at the other, the material.
traversing the casing in the opposite direction to the current of heated air..
The continuous motion of the material through the casing is produced by
means of a number of shelves on the interior of the casing, which as the
casing revolves raise the material from the bottom of the casing, and when it
gets nearly to the top allow it to fall back, and in falling it comes against
inclined directing plates mounted on an axis passing through the casing. The
inclination of the directing plates is made adjustable to allow of the due regu-
lation of the time during which the material is subjected to the drying operation.
In place of employing a revolving casing the casing may be stationary, the
shelves or lifters being carried round within it. In place of employing
inclined directing plates to cause the material to travel onwards the casing
may, but less conveniently, be set in an inclined position. In some cases the

page_text: casing may conveniently be made of wire gauze or of perforated or other material.
When the machinery is required for the drying of fibrous materials spikes
fixed inside the casing may be substituted for shelves to take the material to
the top of the casing and allow it to fall back, the onward progress through
the casing being obtained by inclined directing plates, or by setting the casing
in an inclined position as before. The machinery may be modified in various
other ways so long as by the revolution of the casing or of lifting instruments
within it the material is taken up to the top or nearly to the top of the
casing and then allowed to fall down in a shower through it, whilst at the
same time the arrangements of the machinery are such as to cause the
-material--to-be-exposed_to air, and, by preference, also to travel gradually
onwards to the end of the casing at which it is discharged. In some cases
the drying may be effected by currents of atmospheric air in place of heated
air being driven or exhausted through the casing. In some cases it may also
be convenient to, have the outer casing made with doors, so that the interior
may be readily cleared out. when required.