Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Certain of the Component Parts in connection with Cycles of All Kinds, Autocars, and other Wheeled Vehicles, and which Improvements are also applicable for other suitable purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1996
Complete Specification Left, 18th May, 1897-Accepted. 26th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Certain of the
Component Parts in connection with Cycles of All Kinds,
Autocars, and other Wheeled Vehicles, and which Improvements
are also applicable for other suitable purposes.
We FRANZ WILLIAM POPP of 28, Ludgate Hill Birmingham Merchant,
WILFRED VAN WART of 582, Moseley Road Birminghain Metal Merchant and
JOSEPH JOHN BRADLEY of 16, Buckingham Street Birmingham Metal Caster,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
We will firstly describe our invention in connection with the pedal cranks or
levers suitable for every description of cycles, our object being to produce a
crank that shall be much lighter than the kind at present in use and equal in
durability and strength to any other crank of the same dimensions and will possess
great advantages over others in its lightness and in being non-corrosive. We attain
this result by making the body of the crank either of pure aluminium or of any alloy
of aluminium which may be found suitable for the purpose, the aperture or slot which
holds the pedal at the one end of the crank, and the aperture or apertures by
ineans of which the crank is attached to the axle of the chain wheel of the
cycle will be lined with steel, nickel, malleable or other iron or with any strong
or hard wearing alloy of aluminium or with any other metal that may be found
suitable.
Between the hard metal linings of these two or more apertures or slots will be
placed a rod or tube of any of the above mentioned hard wearing metals which
rod or tube may be screwed or otherwise fastened to the hard metal linings of the
apertures or slots in each end of the crank, but the rod or tube may in certain
cases be kept separate from the linings of the apertures that is to say the rod
or tube need not be attached to those linings at all.
The object of this arrangement or arrangements is to give greater strength
and wear-resisting power to such parts of the crank as have to bear the
greatest strain and wear. The strong metal rod or tube and the strong metal
linings for the apertures in the crank will be formed in their proper position
usually by the process of casting the aluminium or aluminium alloy round them,
but we may in certain cases fix them by any other suitable method.
Further when they have been cast into their proper position we propose some-
times to fix them more firmly by screwing or riveting them to the aluminium or
aluminium alloy but we may attain this object of more firmly fixing them to
the body of the crank by any other method we may find as suitable or more
suitable.
In certain cases we may use two or more rods or tubes to strengthen the crank.
We further propose to utilize the principle of this invention vizt. the method of
strengthening, to tubes or tubular sections in the production of the rims of the
wheels for cycles, autocars and other wheeled vehicles which shall or may be of
aluminium or aluminium and its alloys by means of rods tubes or tubular or other
sections or stays of stronger or harder metals such as previously mentioned in this
specification fixed or embedded in the aluminium or aluminium alloyed portions in

page_text: any suitable manner or as follows, we take a half tube or tube of thin steel or of
any other strong suitable metal, or a rod or strip of any shape and thrust or fix it
inside the tube or tubular section of aluminium or aluminium alloy and secure it in
place by means of screws, rivets, soldering or any other suitable method.
also adapt our invention for the strengthening of tubes, rods, or castings etc., made
of aluminium or aluminium and its alloys.
Also for strengthening solid or hollow articles other than those described above
when made of aluminium or aluminium alloys we propose to utilize the means set
forth whereby we can produce such articles when so made of this metal which
hitherto have not been successfully produced by reason of the absence of the
necessary strength.
Dated this 17th day of July 1896.
EDWD. J. PAYNE & SON,
Warwick Chambers, 104, Colmore Row, Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Certain of the
Component Parts in connection with Cycles of All Kinds,
Autocars and other Wheeled Vehicles, and which Improvements
are also applicable for other suitable purposes.
We, FRANZ WILLIAM POPP of 28 Ludgate Hill Birmingham, Merchant,
WILFRED VAN WART of 582 Moseley Road Birmingham Metal Merchant and
JOSEPH JOHN BRADLEY of 16 Buckingham Street Birmingham Metal Caster do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
We will firstly describe our invention in connection with the pedal cranks or
levers suitable for all descriptions of cycles our object being to produce a crank
that shall be much lighter than the kind at present in use and equal in durability
and strength to other cranks of the same dimensions and by the fact of the
lightness and non-corrosive properties of the metal employed, great advantages are
gained.
In carrying out this part of our invention the metal we preferably employ in the
manufacture of the cranks is a metal which we call "Vestadium "being composed
of aluminium and admixtures of certain alloys therewith such as described in our
previous Specification No. 12287 of 1896 though aluminium or other alloys of
aluminium may be used.
In the manufacture of cranks we attain our object by making the body of the
crank either of pure aluminium or any alloy or alloys of aluminium such as
vestadium above referred to, which may be found suitable for the purpose, the
aperture or slot which receives the pedal pin at the one end of the crank and the
aperture or apertures by means of which the crank is attached to the axle of
the chain wheel of the cycle will be lined or bushed with collars made of steel,
nickel, malleable or other iron, or strong bronze, or with any strong or hard
wearing alloy of aluminium or with any other metal which may be found suitable.
These hard metal linings or collars receive the spindles and key pins and are
secured to steel wires rods or tubes by means of screwing brazing or any other
suitable method, said metal wires rods or tubes which form strengthening bars

page_text: intersect the aluminium or alloyed aluminium cran': in its length and with the hard
metal collars or linings are formed in their proper position preferably by being
placed in impressions in sand moulds obtained from special casting patterns made
to provide for same, the aluminium or aluminium alloy forming the crank body
being cast round said wires or rods and collars. By these means we not only
obtain greatly increased strength and elasticity but very considerably reduce cost
of finishing during the process of manufacture also the cranks thus produced will
be less than, or about one half the weight of those composed of any metal at present
in use for this purpose whilst retaining maximum strength to ensure safety.
In some cases we may prefer to form the collars or linings for the crank bearings
separate from the strengthening wires or rols that is to say they need not
necessarily be attached thereto but the object of our improved construction as
stated is to give greater strength and wear resisting power to such parts of the
crank as have to bear the greatest strain and wear, which will be obvious. As a
further modification when the aforesaid linings or collars and strengthening bars
have been cast or fitted into their proper position we can fix the parts more
securely if found necessary by screwing or riveting them to the aluminium or
alloyed aluminium body of the crank but we may attain this object of more firmly
fixing said collars and rods to the body of the crank by any other suitable method.
In certain cases we can use two or more rods or tubes or wires to strengthen the
crank. Further to the above description we apply the main principle of our
invention namely the method of strengthening, to tubes or tubular sections in the
manufacture of the rims of the wheels of cycles autocars and other wheeled
vehicles which shall or may be of aluminium or aluminium alloys such as the afore-
said metal described as "vestadium." In making the rim of any of these metals or
alloys we strengthen the same by amalgamating or combining therewith stronger
metal such as steel or other suitable hard metal and one of the methods we employ
consists in forming the said rim of thin sheet aluminium or alloyed aluminium by
any of the usual or other suitable methods, within the concave recess of the rim we
fix a ribbon of steel or other hard metal to form a lining this may be affixed by
screwing riveting or otherwise connecting same to the aluminium or alloyed
aluminium rim, the objects of this hard metal ribbon or lining are firstly to
strengthen the rim, and secondly to afford a firm hold for the spokes, the heads of
which might have a tendency to pull through the aluminium if used alone, but
which is obviated by this combination.
In some cases the steel ribbon lining will not be fixed to the aluminium or alloyed
aluminium rim as the tension of the spokes when tightly screwed up into the hub of
the wheel will be sufficient to hold the steel ribbon in place in the concave rim
without the additional means of screwing or riveting.
In connection with this arrangement we may further increase the strength of the
rim by using circumferential wires or cores and folding or turning over the circum-
ferential edges of the aluminium or alloyed aluminium rim and enclosing the said
wires therein.
Another method of securing the steel or other hard metal ribbon or lining to the
concave rim is to employ the circumferential wires or cores above named within the
edges of the aluminium or alloyed aluminium rim and to make the steel ribbon of
sufficient width as to enable the edges to be folded or turned over the said circum-
ferential beads formed by the wires and rims and thus rigidly attaching the
parts.
Or the steel or other hard metal ribbon or lining may be first of all folded or
turned over the wires, and the edges of the aluminium or alloyed aluminium rim
then turned over the beads thus formed.
Sometimes we may prefer to entirely dispense with the steel ribbon or lining and
to employ the circumferential wires alone in the aluminium or alloyed aluminium
rins. In either of the methods described increased strength is obtained by the use
of said wires.

page_text: For strengthening tubes or tubular sections the principle of our invention will
equally apply as when said tubes or tubular sections are made of aluminium or
alloyed aluminium. We proceed thus:-We insert into said tubes or sections, rods
tubes or sections of tubes of hard strong metal as before described (usually steel)
these inner tubes or sections may be held in place by riveting screwing or by any
other suitable method or by being so made as to fit tightly and exactly within the
aluminium outer tubing, thus forming a complete junction of the parts. This
method is particularly applicable for cycle frames where lugs or other cast portions
are attached to the tubes, whereby lightness and strength are obtained added to the
durability and finish which can be produced by the non-corrosive properties
constituting the metal of which the frame is composed. For castings of aluminium
or alloyed aluminium we apply the method of strengthening saine by means of rods
tubes or skeleton pieces of the hard netres described, by laying the latter in
casting moulds and casting the aluminium or alloys of same round them.
For strengthening solid or hollow articles other than those described above we
proposed to utilize the means or similar means set forth whereby we are enabled to
preduce such articles when so made of the aluminium or alloy which hitherto
have not been successfully produced by reason of the absence of the necessary
strength.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the objects and nature of our
said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we wish it to be
understood that we do not necessarily confine ourselves to the more precise
arrangements and details of construction in carrying out the improvements
embodying the several heads of our invention as we may modify the same and
the method of procedure to attain the objects that we have in view without
materially departing from the essential elements of our said invention but what we
claim is :-
Firstly. In the manufacture of the cranks of cycles, forming the same of
aluminium or alloyed aluminium and applying steel or other hard metal collars or
linings to the bearing parts of same in combination with steel or other hard metal
strengthening wires rods or tubes inserted or cast in the body of said cranks said
wires or rods being integral with or separate from said collars or linings, as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described.
Secondly. In the manufacture of wheel rims for cycles autocars and other
vehicles, forming said rims of aluminium or aluminium alloyed, and the use and
application of a steel or other hard metal ribbon or lining or tubular section or
wires or rods in combination with said rims for strengthening same as set forth and
described.
Thirdly. Attaching a ribbon or lining of steel or other hard metal to an
aluminium or alloyed aluminium rim by the use of circumferential wires or cures
enclosed within the turned over edges of the rim or the inner hard metal ribbon or
lining for the purpose as described.
Fourthly. In the rims of wheels made of aluminium or alloyed aluminium the
means for strengthening same consisting of circumferential wires inserted in the
turned over edges of said rims alone or in combination with a ribbon or lining of
steel or other hard metal laid in the concave rims but independent of said wires as
described.
Fifthly. In the manufacture of tubes or tubular sections when made of aluminium
or aluminium alloys the means for strengthening same by inserting therein rods
tubes or tubular sections of steel or other hard metal in combination therewith as
described.
Sixthly. The method of strengthening castings composed of aluminium or
alloyed aluminium by means of tubes rods or skeleton pieces, composed of steel or
other hard metal in combination therewith as described.
Seventhly. The general arrangements and method of strengthening solid or

page_text: hollow articles made of aluminium or in its alloyed form by the amalgamation or
combination therewith of a harder metal as set forth and described.
Dated this 17th day of May 1897.
EDWD. J. PAYNE & SON,
Warwick Chambers, 104 Colmore Row, Birmingham,
Pateut Agents for the Applicants.