Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 25th Aug., 1887
Complete Accepted, 4th Nov., 1887
ROBERT COOKE SAYER 3 Summer Hill Villas, Maindee Newport Monmouthshire
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
The Cart is arranged for the purposes of
1st. To brush up the mud from the Roads.
2nd. To take up snow from the Roads and melt it.
3rd. To brush up dust from the Roads, and subsequently dispose of the contents in
each case.
4th. For the purposes of a watering Cart.
5th. For the double purposes of a Steam Roller and watering Cart when forming
or renewing Macadam Roadways.
6th. For the purposes of a Fire Engine.
See drawing where Figs. 1. 2 and 3 show the Cart in Plan, Sectional Elevation,
and Transverse Section respectively. A is the body of the Cart which forms a
rectangular box having sluices A', A and A' in the bottom for emptying it.
When required Auxiliaries (see Fig. 5) are provided formed with a wing behind to
take under either sluice: its body is suspended from the spindle B, it is provided
with a series of cogs C down its centre in which the pinion D is worked by the single
or pair of handles E by which it is either emptied or raised close to the sluices.
B (Fig. 1) is a well for buckets of which there are two B' shown top and bottom
they revolve on spindles B' and B³. C is a long circular brush for sweeping mud
dust &c. into the buckets B' which raises and tips it into A through the opening A".
The buckets obtain their motion from the train of geared wheels that drive the
main wheels D, they are adjustable to any height by first slackening out their driving
straps or chain B' by means of the handle B and raising the buckets and brush
Γ

page_text: together by rotating the lever handles B: should the buckets be required to work
without the brush it is screwed up out of the way at C: should it be required to
work the Cart without using the buckets their driving wheel B' is put out of gear
after slackening B*.
The main wheels D are driven by means of cog wheels D* fixed at their side into
which the pinion D³ upon the second shaft takes: this shaft is driven by the cog
wheels D' into which the pinion D upon the primary shaft takes: this shaft is driven
by a crank worked by an ordinary steam cylinder D®.
One (or both if desired) of the drivers D has brake straps E which are suspended
from a prolongation of the secondary shaft and are connected together by the rods E
and EE and E: the latter carries a double coupling loop, the re verse threaded
screw-bolt of which has a pinion E in the centre worked by a second and is connected
with and worked by the handle E on top: at the bottom E are formed into scrapers
the full width for clearing the mud from the wheels: where brake straps are not
provided on the other wheel smaller straps are similarly fixed as shown at DD and
adjust scrapers only: for the smaller wheels F scrapers are suspended from the
squared axle ends as shown: F are made to work on a centre pin F for guiding
having intermediate bearings as shown and is worked by means of a chain F³
passing round the cog wheel F that is worked by the handle F on top through a
pinion.
The main wheels D and F are formed hollow that their weight may be increased
(if desired) by filling thom with water.
G is a tubular boiler having additional plates G³ into which large bolt stumps are
screwed so as to be readily taken out for flushing out and cleaning purposes: H is
the furnace having the bars placed transversely, and two doors, one in front and one
at the side: it also has a tuyere H' entering it: J is the ash-pit having two doors
front and bottom with a larger tuyere J': the steam chamber K is raised above the
boiler proper leaving room for the cylinder between, thus when the whole is properly
enclosed keeping it warm: the smoke stack L passes through K and is turned down
in the form shown at the side (see Fig. 3) it has side wings L³ (Figs 3 and 4)
admitting atmospheric air through perforations and leads down to the tuyers H'
and J: the exhaust pipe K³ enters Las soon as practicable and after passing down
some distance to a point near the water tank M leaves it and entering M passes to the
bottom where a condensed steam sump well is formed to which is attached a small
pipe M which with proper inclination conducts the water to the second tank N: K'is
taken to the top of M and is conducted as shown to N, at the end of which a smaller
pipe is attached leading to the top of A: at N a similar sump well and pipe N' to the
above is attached to K connecting with N at the top: the two tanks N and M are
connected by means of a pipe as shown that passes through K to near the bottom of
the syphon at M where it leaves it, and reenters it, having a tap or valve between the
two points connecting with the water at M so that by working the valve (Figs. 1
and 3) by handle M (the pipe being in connection with the pump Z as shown) water
from either tank may be forced into the boiler, and thus the exhaust is condensed and
the feed water warmed.
The pump
Z is worked by an excentric on the primary shaft and is arranged for
the fourfold purpose of 1st. boiler supply: 2nd. tank supply (or in case of fire to the
hose): 3rd. air supply (to be explained): 4th. to work idle (when required): and for
these purposes there are two groupes of small stop valves, one of two (coupled) and
worked by the handle O, and the other of three (coupled) and worked by the handle P
(Fig. 1).
The exhaust K before leaving L is carried below its exit and contracted into a
smaller pipe K which is continued down L terminating at J' by a small tap, it also
has a second tap to carry off the condensed steam: K is a steam pipe leading to J
with a tap, and Q is a pipe conducting compressed air to J' from the air tank Q:
K is required for an artificial blast when the Engines are at work: K' when
'stationary: Q when getting up steam and to save it: the three taps are coupled and
worked by means of the handle S on top: Y is a steam pipe connecting with A for

page_text: melting the snow as it is tipped in: X' and X are valves and pipe for watering the
roads, to be fixed when required: X is in two halves with a stop end to use half at
a time when required: the valves singly or together are worked by the lever X³.
The Engine end is carried on main and subsidiary springs as shown at W, Y
and U.
The framing of A and that carrying the Engine &c. forms two continuous girders.
For the purpose of a Fire Engine, powerful pumps in addition to that provided are
to be attached behind the cylinder, worked by the same piston rod being continued
through acting directly upon the pumps and utilising the water she carries herself
until the available supply is obtained, and for this purpose the pinions upon the
primary shaft are to be thrown out of gear.
T and T are coal bunkers and it is intended to assist the coal by burning gas tar
some oileaginous matter with it keeping it liquified by having its reservoir
attached near the furnace that it may gravitate in different streams upon the fuel.
or
Dated this 23rd day of November 1886.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Scavenger's Cart, Watering Cart, Fire-engine, and Road
Roller Propelled by Steam, and an Auxiliary Cart for Emptying
the same.
ROBERT COOKE SAYER 11 Clyde Road, Redland, Bristol, late of 3 Summer Hill
Villas, Maindee Newport Monmouthshire do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The Cart is arranged for the purpose of
1st. To brush up the mud from the Roads.
2nd. To take up snow from the Roads and melt it.
3rd. To brush up dust from the roads and subsequently dispose of the contents in
each case.
4th. For the purposes of a watering Cart.
5th. For the double purposes of a steam roller and watering Cart when forming or
renewing macadam roadways.
6th. For the purposes of a Fire Engine.
See the Drawings where Sheets No. 1, 2 & 3 Fig. 1 show the Cart in Plan, Sectional
Elevation and Transverse Section respectively.
a is the body of the Cart which forms a rectangular box having sluices a² a³
and a in the bottom for emptying it when at a distance from the spoil tip and thus
enabling the Cart to work continuously with little stoppage, and for this purpose one
or more auxiliary carts shown in Elevation on Sheet No. 4 Fig. 5 are provided for
the purpose, they are formed with a wing behind to take under either sluice: its body
is suspended from the spindle b, it is provided with a series of cogs C down its centre
in which the pinion d is worked by the single or pair of handles E by which it is
either emptied or raised close to the sluice. The sluices a a³ and a are shown in
detail in longitudinal section on Sheet 3 Fig. 5 where a is the sluice plate that is
made to travel by means of the screw bolt that takes into a thread formed in a
a has inclined
projection in the centre of the plate and is worked by the handle c.
or wedge pieces d formed near each end for the whole width and also short projections E
at the sides in the centre, and the continuous ones at the ends have short horns
attached and work in the long slots f and G formed in the side guide plates, these
guides have inclined or wedge pieces formed upon and connecting them and are so
arranged that those on the plate a as the sluice is closed shall come against them and the
wedges acting one upon another, and the horns in the inclined part of the slots shall
force a downwards when the sluice aperture is closed and compress the band of
rubber G (or other elastic substance) and make the whole water tight: that the
rubber may not be curled up by friction, when the sluice commences to open the
horns in and G travelling in the inclined part of thein raises the plate a and G*
with it, while the continuous springs H push away the material in the Cart from

page_text: getting under G³ that may prevent a tight joint, and when A is tightened down they
give; should it he found desirable b is to work within a tube. When the Cart is it
work near the spoil tip it may be emptied readily by the end door shown on Sheets 1
and 2 this is opened and closed by means of cords or chains passing over the drums 20
and 21, that are worked by the pinion wheel and handle (latter loose for removal) on
the top at 22: the bearing face of the Cart against which the door takes is provided
with leather or rubber and the door is additionally tightoned up by means of handles
fixed at suitable distances apart similar to those shown at L Fig. 4 Sheet 4 to make a
water tight joint.
>> Sheets 1 and 2 is a well for buckets of which there are two shown top and
bottom they are fixed alternately with a metal plate, or screen of fine gauze wire or
canvas so that the dust or mud that does not fall directly into them takes against the
plate and is shaken into them as they travel up they revolve on spindles and ³:
c. c and c are three long circular brushes for sweeping up mud dust &c., c and e
sweeps it angularly toward one another and as the Cart advances it is picked
up by the buckets, and any that passes under them is brushed into them by c and is
then raised and tipped into a through the opening a*.
The buckets, obtain their motion from the train of wheels that drive the main
wheels d, and the brushes obtain theirs from the spindle both buckets and brushes
are all simultaneously adjusted to any height by first slackening out their driving strip
or chain by means of the handle and then revolving the lever handles (see
Sheet 3 Figs. 2 & 3) which gives motion to the bevel pinion that works the wheel d,
and causes the spindles and and its fellow opposite (not shown) to revolve, upon
these spindles other pinions E are fixed and as they revolve they raise the ratchets E
that work into them, and lower that at Es which acting upon the lever E raises the
opposite end, which has the effect of raising the bearings F, F2, F3, F4 and F and
also their fellows opposite and with them the buckets that revolve upon the spindles
that work in F and F2 and the three brushes that work in the others.
Should it be desired to work the buckets without the brushes (to take up snow or
other) they are first of all raised with the brushes, and then after the bevel wheels G
and its fellow opposite are put out of gear, they are lowered by means of the screw
collars H.
Should it be desired to work the Cart without using the buckets or brushes their
driving wheel 6 Sheets 1 and 2 is put out of gear after slackening b.
The main wheels d are driven by means of cog wheels fixed at their side into
which the pinion upon the second shaft takes this shaft is driven by the cog
wheels d'into which the pinion d' upon the primary shaft takes this shaft is driven
by a crank worked by an ordinary steam cylinder d³.
G see Sheets 1. 2 and 3, Fig. 1 is a tubular boiler having additional plates G* into
which large bolt stumps are secured so as to be readily taken out for flushing out and
cleansing purposes: H is the furnace, having the bars placed transversely, the dead
plate at the side, and two doors, one in front and one at the side: it also has a tuyere H*
entering it is the ash pit having two doors, front, and at the bottom a large one
through which fire-bars and tubes may be readily removed, with also a larger tuyero J*:
the steam chamber K is raised above the boiler proper being connected by the two
pipes K and K and leaves room for the cylinder between, thus when the whole is
properly enclosed keeping it warm: the smoke stack L is turned down in the form
shown at the side, it has side wings I admitting atmospheric air through perforations
and leads down to the tuyeres Hand J' thus as required an artificial blast is caused
at J to draw the unconsumed fuel and products of combustion down L, mixing it
with the air from L' (the amount being regulated by the dampers L³) which is thus
heated, and again passed through the furnace at H2, and under and up between
the fire bars from J³: at the opposite end of J to J an opening is formed to
carry over into H any unconsumed products that may have passed H and its
gauze screen H³ and found its way into J: should more air be required it is obtained
from the L' portion of the smoke stack provided for special use.
The exhaust pipe K' is carried directly into the top of the water tank Mand

page_text: conducted to the bottom where a condensed steam sump well is formed to which is
attached a pipe M (and stop cock) which with proper inclination conducts the
water to the second tank N: K³ is taken to the top of M and is conducted as shown
to N the tanks N and M are connected by means of a pipe as shown that passes
from N through and along K² to the pump Z worked by an excentric fixed on the
crank'd axle, it then returns to K2 as shown and leaves K³ at K³: it has a two-way
stop valve at K where it is divided into two, one branch going to M the other to the
Fire Engine pump delivery pipe outside the air chamber, thus the steam is condensed
by passing through the tank M, then to the tank N, the water from which is made to
traverse in a contrary direction to the steam in the pipe inside K and on to the Fire
Engine hose, which when not in use is carried on the top of the Cart so that the
atmosphere may play around it as it lies in the crate formed at O Sheet 2 for the
purpose, and thence into N after being thus cooled a pipe N² carries off any vapour
from N to a.
.
When the fire hose is in use it (the water from N) goes as an auxiliary to the main
pumps when desired and fresh cold water is pumped through the valve P into N by Q:
a short length of special hose having a centre screw coupling being used for connecting
the supplies, but when the main pumps Rare drawing water suitable for boiler purposes
the supply to N comes from the main pumps R, being regulated by the valve R².
Water for the boiler is drawn from the hot tank M through the pipe S to Z and direct
to the boiler. When M requires water it is drawn from N to Z and on through K³
and K¹.
The pump when required is arranged to supply compressed air to the reservoir T
and for these various offices the attached valves are divided into two groups one of
two (coupled) and worked by the handle U: and the other of three (coupled) and worked
by the handle V Sheet 1. A small pipe W is connected with the steam exhaust as it
leaves the cylinder and is carried down through L to J³ terminating with a small tap:
W is a steam pipe: and W³ is a compressed air supply from T both similarly
terminating at J to W: W is required for an artificial blast when the engines are
at work, W when stationary and W³ when getting up steam and to save it: the three
valves are coupled and worked by means of the handle W¼ on top. A pipe is connected
with the steam chamber and also by means of a valve with the exhaust and lead to the
Cart at two places to melt snow as it is tipped in.
X and X are valves and pipe for watering the roads to be fixed when required:
X is in two halves with a stop end to use half at a time when required: the valves
singly or together are worked by the lever X³.
The Engine end is carried on main and subsidiary springs as shown at 1 and 2
Sheet 2.
The upper part of the journals of the main axles a. b. c Sheet 3 Fig. 4 are
connected and kept equidistant to prevent locking (as shown in transverse section) by
means of the distance bars a and E.
For the purpose of turning the Cart more readily the axle c is formed in two with
end collars Fas shown, and connected by the pair of fish socket annular links G which
are bolted together, so that when the one main wheel is put out of gear by means of
the handle 3 Sheets 1 and 2 it would become stationary, and the other continuing to
work assists the turning and steering apparatus which is shown on Sheets and 2
connected with the front axle which squared at the ends, one end of which receives a
ratchet bar 4 formed radially so as to work with the axle which turns horizontally on
the centre pin 5. it has a series of cogs the whole length in which a pinion 6 works,
the shaft 7 of which rises vertically through a tube in the Cart and has a pinion at the
top end worked by a worm 8 that is actuated by means of the handle 9.
The framing of a and that carrying the Engine &c. forms two continuous girders
connected together at various places.
One (or both if desired) of the drivers d have brake straps Z³ Sheets 1 and 2 which
are suspended from a prolongation of the second shaft and are connected together by
the rods Z³ Z' and Z the latter carries a coupling loop the reverse threaded screw-bolt
of which has a pinion Z' in the centre worked by a second and is connected with and

page_text: worked by the handle Z' on top: at the bottom Z' are formed into scrapers the full
width for clearing the mud from the wheels. When brake straps are not provided on
the other wheel small straps are similarly fixed as shown at Y' and adjust scrapers
only for the smaller front wheels scrapers are suspended from the squared axle ends
as shown. The wheels d and those in front are formed hollow that their weight may
be increased if desired by filling them with water.
For the purpose of a Fire Engine powerful pumps R Sheets 1 and 2 are attached
behind the cylinder and shown on detail on Sheet 4 Fig. 4 where a is the steam
cylinder: b the pump cylinder: c the steam piston rod which is produced through
the glands d to band is threaded at the end, upon which the piston and rod E (in one)
belonging to 6 is screwed by means of a lever attached (when required) at the end
squared portion E³, so that when the pump is not in use its piston is detached from the
rod c and drawn clear of it, or is not detached but works idle: F are the rubber
valves with proper back circular face nuts G carried on the spindle bolt J that passes
through the covers K and secures them, they are additionally tightened up by the
handles L: H are the ports, and M receives the supply pipe: a similar arrangement
acts as the delivery N (except that it has two exits as shown Sheet 1) at the side and
which supports the air chamber 0°: P is a small chamber (as shown in connection
with b and the atmosphere by the openings P' and contains a small ball Q that floats
in water and works with the piston and thus keeps P from affecting the pumps, but
when they are idle P allows the retained water to escape by the weight of it forcing Q
down and as it becomes quiescent Q floats allowing the water to get below it and thence
away, and thus prevents frost &c. damaging the pumps: R R and S S are main
supports for the pumps also shown on Sheets 2 and 3 respectively, the bolt holes by
which it is secured down to them are slots, so that as the gland right and left handed
screws T are tightened up they allow the pump to travel to that extent, space being
allowed in the cylinder for the purpose.
That the pumps may be worked without the Cart being moved the pinions d³ Sheet 2
are put out of gear by means of the handle d d that works the double bell cranks E E
and simultaneously works both pinions.
The wheels of the Cart are arranged for its acting as a steam roller for forming or
repairing macadam roadways for which purpose the wheels are made as wide as
required and not to follow in the same track.
It is intended to assist the Coal by burning petroleum, gas tar, or some oileaginous
matter with it, keeping it liquified by having its reservoir attached near the furnace
that it may gravitate in streams upon the fuel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is.
1st. The general arrangements of the Scavengers Carts with their various adjuncts
as shown on the Drawing and explained by the foregoing Specification, substantially
as described.
2nd. The construction and arrangements of the sluice valves for emptying the
Cart together with the means adopted for making them watertight substantially as
described.
3rd. The means adopted for turning and steering the Cart substantially as
described.
4th. The form of and system of working the brakes substantially as described.
5th. The arrangement of the gearing for conveying the power from the primary
shaft driven by the Engine to the driving or main wheels, together with the application
of the springs and mode of keeping the axles apart substantially as described.
6th. The arrangements of the buckets, together with the system adopted of driving
the same when adjusted to any height substantially as described.
7th. The arrangements of the brushes together with the system adopted of driving
the same and also the means of adjusting them all simultaneously and also with the
buckets substantially as described.

page_text: 8th. The several arrangements adopted for producing a forced draught to
the furnace and using again the unconsumed products of combustion and thus
eliminating objectionable smoke &c. from the stack and economising fuel substantially
as described.
9th. The arrangement of the Cylinder between the boiler and steam chamber and
the means adopted for condensing the steam and warming the boiler feed substantially
as described.
10th. The arrangement of the Fire Engine pumps together with its attachment to
the Cylinder substantially as described.
11th. The means by which the pumps are automatically drained of the water left in
them substantially as described.
12th. The arrangement by which the Cart is adapted for watering the roads:
(b) for watering the roads when forming or renewing macadam roadways and rolling
down the fresh laid stones &c. simultaneously (c) for raising inud and dust into the
Cart substantially as described.