IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAID ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS."
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fell Jones, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS, AND IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAID ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fell Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1856.
I, JOHN FELL JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS, AND IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAID ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS," to
be as follows:
My improvements in manufacturing rollers or cylinders for printing
as follows: I cast the iron hollow cylinder, (which in some
rollers is placed between the axis and the copper,) of malleable iron, cast
in a metal mould instead of a sand mould. I fix a mandril or core in the
said mould, the said core having such a figure that it leaves the requisite
Dib "
upon the iron cylinder cast in it. I form a pattern upon the hollow
copper cylinder by pressure applied in the interior of the hollow copper,

page_text: the said pressure forcing the copper into dies or moulds of metal engraved
with the requisite pattern. I attach the copper cylinder to the iron cylinder
by forming a thread or screw in the interior of the former, and a corre-
sponding thread or screw on the exterior of the latter, and screwing the
copper upon the iron; or I affix the copper cylinder upon the iron cylinder
by soldering. In making the nib in the interior of the before-mentioned
iron cylinder, I sometimes take a thick hollow iron cylinder, and cut away
the interior so as to leave a nib. In such case I employ a machine in
which a cutter is made to travel longitudinally in the interior of the iron
tube or cylinder, the said iron cylinder having a slow rotatory motion; or
the cutter may be fixed, and the iron cylinder may perform both a recipro-
cating longitudinal motion and a rotatory motion.
By this machine the interior of the iron cylinder is cut away, so as to leave
a portion which constitutes the nib. Although I have described copper and
iron as the materials employed in carrying my Invention into effect, yet
I employ any metal or alloy which can be used for making printing surfaces
in place of copper and in place of iron; for the inner cylinder I sometimes
use steel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Fell Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th May 1857..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN FELL
JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing dato the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Fell Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, tho
said John Fell Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS, AND IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING THE SAID ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Fell Jones, should,

page_text: by any instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fell Jones, do declare the nature.
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statements,
that is to say:-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Rollers or Cy-
linders for Printing Fabrics, and in Machinery to be Used in Manufacturing
the said Rollers or Cylinders," consists, firstly, in the making or constructing
of the liner or hollow cylinder, which is placed between the mandril or axis
on which the roller, when completed, is intended to work, and the copper shell
or tube forming the exterior portion of such roller, and in the machinery, as
Lerein-after described, for that purpose; secondly, in the means I employ for
securing or fixing the copper shell or tube upon the liner or hollow cylinder;
thirdly, in forming the required pattern on the exterior of the copper shell or
tube.
And for the better understanding of the following explanations of my
Invention, I will first describe the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 is a longitudinal section, of a
roller or cylinder; Figures 3 and 4 are enlarged sections, shewing the
mandril A, liner B, with the nib D, herein-after more particularly alluded to,
and the copper shell or tube C. Figure 5 is an elevation, and Figure 6 a cross
section of the moulds for casting the liners when cast liners are required.
Figure 7 is an elevation of the liner B, and Figure 8 is a cross section of
such liner B, shewing its nib at D. Figure 9 is a side elevation; Figure 10,
a plan; Figure 11, an end elevation; and Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16,
sections of my machine for shaping the interior, and forming the nib D of the
liner B. Figure 17 is a section of a thick liner without the nib D, and
which may be, as herein-after mentioned, either of wrought or cast-iron or
steel.
I will now describe in what consists the first portion of my Invention,
which has for its object, firstly, the making or constructing the above-
mentioned liners or hollow cylinders; and, secondly, the machinery whereby
such liners or cylinders may be formed or shaped on their interior surfaces.
If I require the liner to be of cast metal, I take cast-iron or other suitable
metal, and when at a sufficient heat, which is well understood, run it into.

page_text: a inould, as shewn by Figures 5 and 6, which mould has a mandril E
(Figure 6) supported in its centre for giving the requisite size and taper to
the interior of the liner B, which nib D is for preventing the liner B from
turning upon the mandril or axis A when it is in work as a printing cylinder,
or the liner B may be cast in a sand mould, and the mandril E be inserted
for giving the form to the interior of the liner, as herein-before described.
Another method which I employ to produce the interior form of the liner B
is as follows:-I take a thick hollow cylinder of iron, whether wrought or
cast, or steel, or such other cheap suitable metal as I may find desirable, and
by means of the machine shewn upon the Drawings at Figures 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, and 16, and herein-after more particularly described, shape the
interior to the form required, as shewn at Figure 8. And I will describe
the construction and working of the machine by which I so shape the interior
of the liner.
Figure 9 is, as I have before mentioned, a side elevation, and Figure 10,
a plan of such machine; and Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are sections, and
Figure 16 is an end elevation of such machine. F, F, Figure 9, is the bed,
supported upon standards G, G; II is a table, which slides in grooves on the
bed F, and which supports and carries one end of the sliding cutter bar I, I,
the other end of the bar being carried in the bearing K; L is a screw, which
works in a box M secured on the under side of the sliding table II. This
screw is driven by the pulley O, and propels the cuffer bar I through the
liner B, which is secured in bearings R, R'. The cutter bar I, I, is provided
with a cutting tool. After cach stroke the bar I, I, has made through the
liner B the screw reverses, and takes the bar I back again, and the liner B
is made to turn slightly in its bearings by the worm and whcel N, N, and the
cuts are repeated until the interior of the liner is cut to the required form and
taper, as shewn by Figures 7 and 8. The taper in the interior of the liner B
is given by placing the bearing R' out of the centre line of the sliding cutter
bar, and by not planing or cutting away the whole of the interior surface of s
the liner the nib D is formed. Although in this description I have mentioned
the cutter bar I as being propelled by the screw L, it is obvious that such
propulsion may be procured by other motions, such as the ordinary rack or
chain motions. The machine may be double acting, and made to 1erform
upon two liners in the place of one by extending the bed F and making one 3
end of the machine a duplicate of the other; or a machine may be con-
structed having the cutters bar I, I, fixed, and a reciprocating longitudinal
motion, and a slow rotatory motion being given to the liners; or the machine
may be single acting upon the same principle. What I claim as new in.

page_text: this part of my Invention is the combination with the machinery for working
the planing or cutting tool of the worm wheel and worm N, N, whereby the
liner B is made to revolve partially, or turn in its bearings to the distance
required, as described, and also the mode of getting a taper on the inside of
the liner by raising or depressing the liner at one of its bearings by means
of the screw and slide frame shewn in Figure 14, and herein-before described,
and it will therefore be obvious that the novelty of this part of my Invention
consists in the combination of either the ordinary screw, rack, or chain motion
with the rotatory and reciprocating motion produced by the worm wheel and
worm N, N, and the raising and depressing motion obtained by the screw
and slide box, Figure 14, as applied to the construction of a machine, whereby
the interior of a liner, such as described, can or may be made taper, and yet
leave therein the nib D, which is requisite as a key or fastening to fix it
firmly on to the mandril or axis on which the roller is intended to work when
in use for printing fabrics.
I will now describe the means which I employ for effecting the second
portion of my Invention, which has relation to securing the liner B to the
outer cylinder or copper shell C, and which I perform either by soldering,
tinning, or zincing them together, or by depositing zinc or any other suitable
metal between the liner B and the said copper shell or outer cylinder C by
means of the ordinary processes of depositing metals now in use, which
soldering, tinning, zincing, or depositing firmly unites the copper shell or
outer cylinder C to the liner B. I also secure the copper shell or tube or
outer cylinder C to the liner B by forming a thread or screw on the interior
of the copper shell or outer cylinder C, which fits and corresponds with a
screw or thread formed on the exterior of the liner B, and by which means
the copper shell or outer cylinder C is screwed firmly and securely upon the
liner B.
The last part of my improvements consists in forming a pattern or design
upon the copper shell or outer cylinder C, and which I perform in the fol-
lowing manner: I prepare dies or moulds which fit the outside of the copper
shell or outer cylinder C, and in which dies the required pattern is engraved;
the copper shell or outer cylinder C is then inserted into the dies or moulds;
and a pressure is applied to the interior of the shell or outer cylinder C, which
forces the copper into the dies, and gives the required pattern or design upon
the copper shell or outer cylinder C. Although I have described copper as
the material employed in making the shell or outer cylinder C, yet I employ
any metal or alloy for such purpose, which can be used for making printing
surfaces in place thereof, and it is also obvious that either wrought or cast

page_text: iron, or steel, or other cheap metals may be employed as the materials for
making the liner B.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise methods herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my said Invention; but what I claim as
my Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Rollers or Cylinders
for Printing Fabrics, and in Machinery to be used for Manufacturing the said
Rollers or Cylinders," is,―
First, the making or constructing the liners or hollow cylinders, which are
placed between the mandril or axis on which the roller, when complete, is
intended to work, and the copper shell or tube forming the exterior portion
of such roller, firstly, by casting such liners in metal moulds with mandrils
inserted of such a form that the liners are produced of the required size,
taper, and with a nib formed longitudinally in the interior, as herein-before
described; and, secondly, by cutting or shaping the interior of the liner to the
required form by means of the machinery herein-before described.
Second, the securing of the copper shells or tubes to the liners by soldering,
tinning, zincing, or by depositing zinc or any other suitable metal, and also
the securing of such copper shells or tubes to the liners by screwing the one
upon the other.
Third, for embossing a pattern or design upon copper or other metal shells
or tubes by pressure in dies or moulds, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fell Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Fell Jones, in the presence
of
JOHN GOSTLING SHELMERDINE,
JOHN FELL JONES. (L.S.)
Clerk to Mr. John W. Cutler, Attorney,
Birmingham.