Improvements relating to Tyres for Wheels of Velocipedes and other Wheeled Vehicles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Tyres for Wheels of Velocipedes and
other Wheeled Vehicles.
I, JOHN BOYD DUNLOP, of 50 Gloucester Street, Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to tyres for wheels of velocipedes and other wheeled
vehicles, and more especially to tyres of that kind or class described in former
Letters Patent granted to me is., No. 10,607 dated the 23rd July A.D. 1888 and
No. 4116 dated the 8th March A.D: 1889.
One object of my present invention is to provide for further strengthening the
envelope or cover of canvas, linen, or other material, employed for resisting any
undue pressure that might otherwise be injuriously exerted by the air or other gas
under pressure in the internal india-rubber or other tube, upon certain parts
thereof, and to enable the tyre to be better and more firmly secured to the rim of
the wheel.
Another object of my said invention is the provision of an external or outer
protective covering that will give or yield readily in a longitudinal direction, but
which will be comparatively unyielding laterally, thus obviating or greatly
minimising the risk of damage to the tyre by excessive bulging or giving thereof
over the rim of the wheel, or from sharp points when passing over rough or uneven
surfaces. My improved external protective covering is much stronger and more
durable than that previously employed.
My said invention comprises morcover further improvements hereinafter set
forth.
In my said former Patent No. 4116 of 1889 I have described a strengthening
fold, or layer of cloth, linen, canvas or the like, cemented or otherwise secured to
the inner surface of the external or outer protective covering, and a second
strengthening fold, or layer of like material cemented or otherwise secured at both
sides to the inner surface of the first fold, or layer, and intended to be cemented or
otherwise secured to the canvas, linen or other covering which is also cemented or
otherwise secured to the rim of the wheel. According to the first part of my
present invention I secure the said folds or layers together by means of a row or
line of stitching at either side thereof, as well as by cement or the like as hereto-
fore. I thus render any giving of the said joints when the tyre is in position on
the wheel impossible or extremely difficult, and moreover admit of greater force
being exerted by the operative when placing the said tyre in position upon the rim
of the wheel, in which operation it is necessary to stretch the extremities of the
inner, or of one of the said folds or layers tightly over the said rim.
According to the second part of my said invention I provide an improved
external or outer protective covering hereinafter described, that is to say :—a layer
or fold of canvas cloth or other fabric cut or woven diagonally, or in such a manner
that it is elastic or giving in one direction and more or less inelastic or unyielding
in the other, is placed upon, or moulded on the internal surface of the said external
or outer protective covering and vulcanized therewith. The said layer of canvas,
cloth or other fabric is so placed relatively to the said external or outer protective
covering that it will permit the giving or yielding thereof in a longitudinal
direction, but will prevent or lessen the said giving or yielding thereof in a lateral
direction. I thus provide for the more efficient and advantageous working of the
tyre, and obviate or greatly reduce the liability to damage thereof when passing
over uneven or rough surfaces.

page_text: The said external or outer protective covering is formed thicker at that portion
thereof which is intended to come in contact with the ground or other surface when
in use, and is secured to the rim of the wheel in a manner substantially similar to
that described in the hereinbefore mentioned prior Patents.
The above mentioned layer or fold moreover forms a more advantageous surface
for the cement or the like employed for jointing, or securing the said external or
outer protective covering to the upper or outer of the hereinbefore mentioned folds
or layers, to take upon, and thus facilitates the obtaining of a good joint between
the said fold or layer and external or outer protective covering.
Although I have hereinbefore described a convenient and advantageous method
of carrying my said invention into practice it is obvious that I can somewhat modify
the hereinbefore described improvements. For instance the said folds or layers of
cloth, linen, canvas or the like may be secured together by means of several rows or
lines of stitches, and with or without cement or the like. I sometimes provide the
herein before mentioned external or outer protective covering with two or more
layers of canvas cloth or other fabric elastic or yielding in one direction and
practically inelastic or unyielding in the other, and molded and vulcanized there-
with as herein before mentioned. The said layer or fold or layers or folds moreover
may be secured to the external or outer protective covering by means of cement or
in any other suitable manner.
Dated this 31st day of October 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Tyres for Wheels of Velocipedes and.
other Wheeled Vehicles.
1, JOHN BOYD DUNLOP of 50 Gloucester Street, Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements relating to tyres for wheels of
velocipedes and other wheeled vehicles, and particularly to tyres of the kind or
class described in the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me, riz.,
No. 10607 of A.D. 1888 and No. 4116 of A.D. 1889.
One object of my present invention is to provide means for further strengthening
the envelope or cover of canvas, linen, or other suitable material, which is employed
for the purpose of strengthening the internal inflated hollow or tubular portion of
the tyre which is filled with air or gas, thus enabling the said envelope to
effectually resist any undue pressure that may be exerted by the contained air or
gas at any particular point, and thus preventing deformation of the tyre. This
portion of my said invention has for another object to enable the tyre to be better
secured to the rim of the wheel. The said envelope or cover as described in the
aforesaid Specification No. 4116 of 1889 consists of a fold or layer of cloth, linen,
or canvas, which is cemented or otherwise affixed to the inner surface of an external
protective rubber covering and encircles and is secured to the rim of the wheel.
The said envelope or cover is further described therein as provided with a
second strengthening fold or layer of like material attached to the inner surface of
the before-mentioned envelope or cover and cemented to a linen or canvas layer
which encircles the rim of the wheel.
According to the first part of my present invention I secure the said fold or layer
of the envelope or cover of cloth, linen, or canvas to the second or inner strength-
ening fold or layer by means of rows or lines of stitching. I preferably secure
them together also by cement or by other means in addition to the stitching. The

page_text: workman when placing the tyre thus strengthened in position upon the wheel may
safely and without risk of damage to the joint, exert greater force than hitherto
when stretching the extremities or flaps of the canvas or the like in the operation
of placing the tyre in position upon the rim of the wheel. Moreover the said joint
between the folds or layers is rendered additionally secure when the tyre is in
position upon the wheel.
In the aforesaid Specification No 4116 of 1889 there is described a wheel tyre
fitted with an external covering composed of a fold or layer of india rubber applied
to protect a hollow or tubular portion of the wheel tyre, the said hollow or tubular
portion being filled with air or gas.
woven
According to another part of my present invention ! provide an outer protective
covering that will yield or stretch circumferentially but will not yield laterally.
I thus prevent excessive bulging of the tyre at the sides. For this purpose I place
upon the internal surface of the protective covering of india rubber or the like a
single layer or fold, or two or more layers or folds cemented sewn or otherwise
joined together and composed of canvas cloth or other fabric cut or
diagonally or in such a manner as to be elastic in one direction and less clastic or
practically unyielding in a direction at right angles to that in which it readily
yields. I vulcanize the said layer or fold or layers or folds with the rubber
covering, with which it then becomes incorporated. Or I cement or otherwise
secure the said layer or fold or combined layers or folds to said covering. The
edges of this additional fold of canvas or the like are overlapped and cemented
together on the surface of the rim.
It is essential, according to my present invention that the said layer or layers or
folds be arranged in such a manner that when the covering is in place on the wheel,
the said layer or layers or folds will permit of yielding or stretching of the tyre in
the line of the circumference, but will prevent lateral yielding or stretching, except
to a small extent. For this purpose the canvas cloth or other fabric is cut or
woven diagonally, or in other words, when it is in position on the tyre the threads
must lie at an angle with the line of the circumference of the wheel. By this
means I provide for the more efficient and advantageous working of the tyre and
obviate or greatly reduce its liability to damage by excessive bulging thereof over
the rim of the wheel or from sharp points when passing over uneven or rough
surfaces.
The said external protective covering of india rubber or the like is formed
thicker at that portion thereof which is intended to come in contact with the
ground or other surface when in use and it is secured to the rim of the wheel in a
manner substantially similar to that described in the hereinbefore mentioned two
Specifications of prior Patents.
The surface of the above mentioned layer or combined layers or folds forms a
good surface to receive the cement or other material employed for securing the
external protective india rubber or like covering and its attachments to the outer
surface of the envelope or cover of canvas hereinbefore described and described
also in the Specification No. 4116 of 1889 hereinbefore referred to, and thus
facilitates the attainment of a good joint between the said envelope or cover and
the external protective covering or its attachments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In an inflated or pneumatic tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles the combination with an envelope of cloth linen canvas or other suitable
material enclosing the inflated hollow or tubular portion of the tyre of a strengthen-
ing fold or layer of cloth linen, canvas or the like secured to the said envelope
by stitching, employed alone or in combination with other means of attachment
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Second. An inflated or pneumatic tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other

page_text: vehicles wherein provision is made for extension or expansion circumferentially but
not laterally for the purpose specified.
Third. In an inflated or pneumatic tyre for the wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles the combination with an external protective covering of india rubber or
the like for the inflated hollow or tubular portion of the tyre of an internal coating
of canvas, cloth, or other fabric arranged substantially as set forth for the purpose
specified.
Dated this 28th day of August 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.