matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRESSING, GRAINING, AND PURIFYING MIDDLINGS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas David Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1878.
"
THOMAS DAVID JONES, of Syracuse, New York, United States of America, but at
present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRESSING, GRAINING, AND PURIFYING MIDDLINGS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
My Invention relates to an improved method and means of treating that portion
of ground grain called middlings, and separating the lighter matters or impurities
from the granules of flour.
In treating middlings according to my Invention they are first caused to pass
into a separating reel covered with silk cloth or its equivalent, with various grades
of mesh, which assorts the middlings. They are then led into vertical shafts cor-
responding with the grades of the separating reel; these vertical shafts are provided
at intervals with inclined plates, shelves, or deflectors, projecting from either side,
so that the middlings or grains can be caused to descend by their own gravity from
shelf to shelf. The vertical shafts are each provided with a hopper, into which the
middlings are fed, and each hopper is provided with a distributing roller capable of
adjustment, so that the feed can be regulated. The middlings are passed broadcast
from shelf to shelf down the inclined shelves of the shafts. On one side of each
shaft the shelves are provided with valves which open into an upcast, and thence
to the trunk pipe or exhaust pipe of a dust room or box. The bottom of each shaft
is provided with a worm, which takes the purified middlings from the shaft to the
crushing rolls or stones, and the upcast is provided with a valve, by which the
current of air passing through the shafts may be regulated.
In operation the sorted middlings descend by their own gravity down the inclined
plates or shelves from shelf to shelf, and as the stream of particles passes from one
shelf to the one beneath it a current of air passes through the stream of descending
[Driss 71

page_text: particles, and removes the lighter matters or impurities, and draws them into the
upcast and trunk pipe through the valves before referred to, the granules of flour
passing down into the conveyer.
The shafts may be provided with elevators, so that the middlings can be repassed
through the shafts, if required.
AN IMPROVED BOX OR RECEPTACLE FOR HOLDING LUCIFER AND OTHER MATCHES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ray wood and George Tennant
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1878.
A communication from abroad by William Pickersgill, of Bleeker Street,
New York, U.S.A.
HENRY RAYWOOD and GEORGE TENNANT, of London Wall, London, EC. "AN
IMPROVED BOX OR RECEPTACLE FOR HOLDING LUCIFER AND OTHER MATCHES." [A
communication from abroad by William Pickersgill, of Bleeker Street, New York,
U.S.A.]
The object of our Invention is to prevent the wasteful use of matches commonly
prevalent, and it consists of a box constructed in such a manner that one match
only is presented to the person who requires a match. This is effected by a
telescopic arrangement in the interior of the box which lifts the match out of a
reservoir, and through a slot offers it to the person who actuates the mechanism.
IMPROVED METHOD OF PROPELLING SHIPS BY WIND."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dundas Grant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1878.
JAMES DUNDAS GRANT, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian.
IMPROVED METHOD OF PROPELLING SHIPS BY WIND."
"AN
It consists of sails attached to a rotary axle or mast perpendicular to the deck of
the ship, said axle or mast being connected with a screw propeller at the stern of
the ship, which is made to revolve in the water by the force of the wind applied to
it through the said sails, as after described, and thus to impel the ship through the
water.
The axle or mast is made of wood or metal; its upper end is inade to rotate in a
socket placed at the point where two rods of iron or wood cross each other, and which
connect at the top four rods of iron or wood, raised perpendicularly, or as nearly so
as suitable, from the deck or bulwarks, the feet of said four rods being equidistant
from the point at which the said axle emerges from the deck, and sufficiently wide
to permit the sails attached to the axle to revolve (through the force of the wind
impinging upon them) within the space intervening between the axle and the said
four rods. Said four rods at their upper extremity are connected by four lighter
rods in order to strengthen them.
The sails, which are made of canvas or other suitable material, may be two or
more in number, and each connected with said axle by arms or yards in the form
of a meniscus or segment of a circle, so that the wind will act with much greater
force upon the concave side than the convex, and thus set & keep the sails in motion.
The convex side may be protected from the action of the wind by a peice of canvas
or other suitable material, fixed at the top & bottom, and so placed as to intercept
the wind. Said sails may be divided into two or more portions if found con-
venient.
Beneath the deck & in the hold of the ship a large cog wheel or other apparatus
is fixed to the said axle or mast so as to rotate along with it & turn a small cog
wheel or other apparatus fixed to or forming part of a shaft, running at, or nearly
at, right angles with the said axle or mast, one end of which is attached to and
moves in a socket, cradle, or other suitable apparatus, and the other projects beyond

page_text: the stern & has the screw propeller fastened upon it. When the said axle & large
wheel are turned by the action of the wind upon the sails the large wheel turns
the small wheel fixed to the shaft, the shaft turns the propeller, and the ship is
propelled.
A ship may have two or more axles or masts, & relative sails & machinery con-
nected with one or more screw propellers attached to them. Sails & machinery
may be attached to a rotary shaft across the ship, with a paddle at each end.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Brassinne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1878.
HENRI BRASSINNE, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PICTURES."
According to this my Invention I produce photographic and other pictures with
hair or equivalent material worked up in such manner as to represent the hair of
the head, or head dress or coiffure, or beard, precisely as the one or other of them
appears in nature.
For this purpose I proceed as follows:-Supposing I wish to produce a portrait
according to my Invention, I take hair, artificial or otherwise, or equivalent material
of the color and shade, or dyed to such color or shade as the hair of the person
whose portrait is taken by photography or otherwise in the ordinary way, and I
work up the said material to any desired design, shape, or pattern required to be
imitated, and the material thus prepared is connected by sewing, glue, or otherwise
to the required position in the portrait. In this way portraits of people are pro-
duced with much greater truthfulness than heretofore, as the hair of the head, eye
lash, or eyebrow, or beard, one or all, can be reproduced in a picture as it appears
and is to all intents and purposes in nature.
Pictures produced according to my Invention should be protected by suitable
frames or medallions, as fancy or taste may dictate.
In some cases the material upon which the portrait is taken may be incised or
perforated to allow of the hair or equivalent material being more easily inserted, as
for forming plaits and the like.
The photograph may be mounted upon a fabric, the hair in this case being worked
upon it as silk or wool in embroidery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878. A communication
from Nicolaus Dautzenberg and Albert Holverscheid, of Bonn, in the Empire
of Germany.
FOR
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
APPARATUS
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor.
MEASURING TEXTILE FABRICS." A communication from Nicolaus Dautzenberg
and Albert Holverscheid, of Bonn, in the Empire of Germany.
Pieces of cloth or textile fabrics are usually wound upon small boards or cores,
thereby taking the shape of rollers of elliptical section. Between the innermost
layer of cloth and the board a half-round bar is inserted, provided at one end with
a centre point and at the other end with a roller. To this bar there is also attached
a head piece provided with cross bars, while a similar head piece can be shifted on
it. These head pieces serve to limit the breadth of the cloth to be measurued, and
each is provided with two pointed pins, which can be pressed into the front ends
of the winding boards or cores. After the bar has been inserted into the piece of
cloth, and the moveable cross bar firmly pressed against the core and fixed on the
bar by a set screw, thereby establishing a solid connection between the bar and the
core, a similar bar, with the same appliance for limiting the breadth and carrying
on one end a crank, is fixed on a board or core, which is to carry the measured
cloth. The bar with the cloth is now placed into the frame of the apparatus,
where the centre point on it enters into a corresponding recess and the opposite
end into a slot. By moving a ring over the aforesaid roller the bar, now acting as
a shaft and under the influence of a spiral spring, is kept in position. It also acts
as a brake on the roller, thus preventing the piece of cloth, which is not accurately
balanced, from being upset. The same takes place with the bar on the opposite
side of the apparatus, which is kept in its bearing by means of a hook. The frame

page_text: carries also two rollers, an upper one in fixed bearings, and a lower one, which may
be raised or lowered a little in order to keep it constantly pressed against the upper
roller by means of springs or their equivalents. The revolutions of these rollers are
transmitted by well known means on counting apparatus of known construction,
whereby the purpose of the whole apparatus is reached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Lancaster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1878.
CHARLES WILLIAM LANCASTER, of 151, New Bond Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES."
This Invention relates to improvements in projectiles, the object being to secure
the "centreing" of the projectile during its passage through the bore of the gun,
and to prevent the "wobbling" action (with muzzle-loading guns) which is imparted
to the projectile in its present form at the moment of firing.
In carrying my Invention into effect, say, in the case of an oval-headed shot, I
reduce the diameter of the parallel portion of the body of the projectile, and so
form an undercut shoulder at the point, or thereabouts, at which the oval head
springs, and beneath and abutting against this shoulder I place a ring of copper,
brass, or other soft metal. Behind this copper ring I place a tube or sleeve of steel,
cast or wrought iron, or other hard metal, this sleeve occupying nearly the whole of
the remainder of the body portion of the shot or projectile.
At or about the point where the sleeve terminates the body of the shot is still
further reduced in diameter, and formed with two or more grooves upon its
periphery to receive the soft metal of the lower ring which is driven into them by
the gases at the moment of firing, thus preventing either of the rings or the sleeve
leaving the shot upon its issue from the muzzle of the gun, and ensuring their
"travel" with it. Upon this reduced portion I place another copper or soft metal
ring of similar depth to the one under the head, the inner face of this ring abutting
against the hard metal sleeve before mentioned, and the outer face being formed
with an annular groove. The shoulder formed by the second reduced portion of the
body is also undercut similar to the one near the head of the shot, and the length
of the hard metal sleeve is such that it projects over or beyond the undercut
shoulder near the base to the extent of one-tenth of an inch or thereabouts.
The hard metal sleeve is provided with one or more slotted holes, into which
screw pins take, these latter being securely fixed into the body of the shot, the slots
allowing of the sliding motion of the sleeve when under the action of the explosive
gases at the time of firing.

page_text: The action is as follows:-At the moment of explosion the copper or soft metal
ring at the base of the shot is driven or impelled against the hard metal sleeve,
which in its turn conveys the pressure to the copper or soft metal ring at or near
the head, the result being that the two copper rings are forced or "swaged" out,
and caused to take into the plain portion of the bore as well as the rifling of the
gun, by which the full effects of the gases upon the projectile are secured, and the
true "spin of the latter effected throughout its entire length instead of only at
the base as heretofore, more perfect accuracy of flight being the result.
"
A NEW OR IMPROVED ELECTRODE OR ELECTRIC CANDLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING BY ELECTRICITY AND EFFECTING THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigismund Cohné at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1878.
SIGISMUND COHNÉ, of 65, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED ELECTRODE OR ELECTRIC CANDLE FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING BY
ELECTRICITY AND EFFECTING THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT."
The object of my Invention may be thus stated. Up to the present time all
electric candles in use have been made from pure carbon or carbon mixed with
other substances, such for example as kaolin or plaster of Paris, which all have the
great disadvantage of burning too quickly away, and producing more or less a
flickering light. They therefore require controlling mechanism to regulate the
distance of the candles.
My Invention consists in making or forming a candle of the article or substance
known by the name of ultramarine, of a green or blue colour, either in its pure
state or mixed with carbon, molasses, kaolin, plaster of Paris, or with silicate of
soda or silicate of potash, which last named mixture I prefer.
I proceed as follows:-I mix a quantity of ultramarine, blue or green, with so
much silicate of soda or of potash in solution as is sufficient to produce a paste,
which paste I form into any desired shape or form. I then press it by a mould
into the exact form required, either by hydraulic pressure or otherwise, and have
it dried and heated by the fire, whereby all the moisture evaporates, the sulphur
burns away, and all the organic matter which may be in it becomes carbonised.
When put into use the resistance and the current in the arc are to a very great
extent less varying, and controlling mechanism to regulate the distance of the
candle is nearly unnecessary, because the candle is consumed very slowly com-
paratively to others in existence. Further, less consumption of energy is required
for my candle, and therefore the divisibility of the electric light becomes easier.
For the purpose last named, the divisibility of the light, I draw a copper or
platinum wire through or within my candle, whereby the conductibility is greatly
increased; thus very little consumption of energy takes place, and the problem of
the divisibility of the electric light is solved.

page_text: What I claim is the use of ultramarine, blue or green, either alone or combined
with the above mentioned materials; or instead of using the ultramarine as manu-
factured, I use the different substances which together produce the article known as
ultramarine. I wish it to be understood that it is the ultramarine, blue or green,
or the materials which united produce the ultramarine, which I claim for the
preparation of the electric candle as described, either with or without a copper or
platinum wire.
IM- PROVED VENT APPARATUS FOR CASKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Austin Chambers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1878.
AUSTIN CHAMBERS, of Marylebone Road, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVED VENT APPARATUS FOR CASKS."
My Invention relates to apparatus to be used in lieu of vent pegs for excluding air
from the interiors of casks when liquid is not being withdrawn. According to my
Invention a suitable chamber, hereinafter called the lower chainber, communicates
by a pipe and passage through the vent with the interior of the cask, the pipe
terminating at its upper end in the said lower chamber, above which is an open
chamber from whose bottom depends a pipe or passage open at its upper end to the
open chamber, and consequently to the atmosphere, and open at its lower end to the
interior of the lower chamber at a point below the upper orifice of the pipe or
passage leading to the interior of the cask.
The lower chamber is charged with liquid to a level above the open lower end
of the depending pipe or passage, which is thus normally sealed and prevents access
of air from without the lower chamber to the pipe or passage communicating with
the cask unless an opening for escape of liquid from the cask be established (as by
opening a tap or cock), or liquid be withdrawn (as by a pump) from the cask,
whereupon the pressure of the external atmosphere upon the surface of the liquid
in the depending pipe or passage will force such liquid into the lower chamber,
and air entering that chamber by the depending pipe or passage will ascend through
the liquid to the upper part of the lower chamber, whence air will descend by the
other pipe or passage to the cask as liquid is withdrawn.
In the event of fermentation of the contents of the cask, the barın and gas
ascending the passage into the lower chamber of my apparatus will force liquid
therefrom into the open chamber above, until by the uncovering of the lower end
of the depending pipe or passage air and gas are allowed to escape from the lower
chamber; on reduction of the pressure liquid which has been forced into the upper
chamber will descend into the lower chamber and again seal the lower end of the
depending pipe or passage.

page_text: The accompanying Drawing shews a convenient form of apparatus according to
my Invention.
a is the lower chamber; a', the upper chamber; a*, the division
between them; b, the pipe or passage communicating with the interior of the cask
and d, the pipe or passage communicating with the upper chamber and external
atmosphere. This pipe or passage may be made adjustable. The part e of the
apparatus screws into the vent of the cask. It will be obvious the form may be
varied.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE VENTILATION Of STEAM SHIPS AND SAILING VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hancock, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1878.
GEORGE HANCOCK, of 87, Prospect Street, Hull, Plumber, Gas Fitter, and
Hydraulic Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE VENTILATION Of
STEAM SHIPS AND SAILING VESSELS."
The object of this Invention is to fix pipes in such a position as to cause a down-
ward draught to all parts of the vessel, and at the same time forcing the foul
air up.
One or more main pipes of any suitable diameter are placed above the deck of
the vessel to the masts, or any other convenient position, from which pipe or pipes
branches are spread to all parts of the vessel below, thus causing a free current of
air to descend, and by corresponding pipes the foul air is driven upwards and
carried away.
The mouth of the pipe or pipes may be provided with grates of perforated zinc
or other suitable material to prevent choking by accumulation of snow, frost, or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Gilston, William Riley, John
William Chadwick, and Jabez Gregg at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 18th April 1878.
PETER GILSTON, WILLIAM RILEY, JOHN WILLIAM CHADWICK, and JABEZ GREGG,
all of Hunslet, near Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS
FURNACES."
The object of our Invention is to economize fuel and labour, to effect greater heat,
and have more control over the furnaces, also prevents the rush of cool air to the
pots and thereby rendering the same less liable to unequal contraction, and conse-
quently cracking or breaking. The furnaces are usually constructed in a circular
group within the main shaft.
Hitherto the heat from the furnaces has been allowed to pass off without inter-
ruption up the flues into the main shaft, and thus a great amount thereof has been
wasted.
In order to obviate this we provide dampers at suitable positions in the flues, or
at the mouth thereof, leading into the main shaft; these are arranged so that each
damper may be adjusted separately, or the dampers of all the furnaces in one shaft
may be so connected that the whole of them can be adjusted at one time.
By this arrangement after the fuel has been supplied to the fire and become red
hot, the smoke having passed away, the dampers may be regulated or closed to
retain as much heat as required.
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ADHESIVE CEMENT."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1878.
JAMES HART, of Stratford-le-Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Joiner.
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ADHESIVE CEMENT."
<< AN
The object of this Invention is to provide an adhesive cement suitable for joiners'
and cabinet makers' work in place of the ordinary glue now used which chills
rapidly when applied to a joint and takes a long time to set. In preparing my
cement I take glue of any approved kind, say 1 lb., and dissolve it in an equal weight
of water, to this I add white lead, say lb., boiled oil in about the same proportion,
an ounce of alum, and a of ounce of borax. These materials I mix together and
produce therewith a soft compound which when heated in any ordinary glue pot
may be used as glue.
This adhesive compound admits of being used more sparingly than ordinary glue,
as it does not thicken so quickly by the action of cold, and it has little tendency to
discolor by reheating. It will thus admit of a joint being formed which when
planed is scarely visible. Joints made by this composition will harden so quickly
as to admit of being planed over in an hour after the joining of the wood. Another
advantage of this composition is that it will resist for a long time the action of
water or damp.
This cement I propose to supply to the market in tins so that heat may be
applied directly thereto to bring it to a state for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SACK LIFTERS & SHOOTERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO HOISTING & LOADING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wheat and Charles Cousins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November
1878.
SAMUEL WHEAT, of Thorpe Tilney Hall, in the County of Lincoln, Gentleman,
and CHARLES COUSINS, of 7, Broadgate, Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SACK LIFTERS & SHOOTERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO HOISTING &
LOADING PURPOSES."
According to this Invention we form or construct a vertical framework with cross
or stay bars. To the upper part of the frame we attach the upper part of, say, two
struts, up and down which the sack lifter can be caused to travel in the ordinary
manner by ropes or chains running over pullies down to a winch barrel which is
carried upon stretcher bars for the purpose. The stretcher bars, or one of them only,
also carry another winch barrel, or it may be a chain wheel whose chain is led over
a pulley mounted upon the upper part of the vertical frame, and its spindle carries
a spur wheel in gear with a quadrant or segmental wheel, this being upon the axis
of a kind of cradle into which the sack lifter finds itself when raised high enough, so
that when the chain barrel is turned by its handle in one direction the cradle and
the sack lifter can be tilted or tipped over sufficiently to shoot the contents of the
sack into a receptacle provided for that purpose. The upper pulley of the lifter is
fitted loosely upon the cradle axle. The cradle with the sack lifter can be brought
into its proper position again by a reverse motion of the chain barrel to permit of
the sack lifter being lowered again for the reception of another sack.
The Invention is applicable for lifting or hoisting goods generally, whether they
require to be tipped or shot from the apparatus or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING COTTON OR FLAX WOOL FOR SURGICAL OR MEDICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1878.
ALFRED FORD, of No. 6, St. John's Wood Place, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING COTTON
OR FLAX WOOL FOR SURGICAL OR MEDICAL PURPOSES."
I take cotton or flax wool as it is rendered after having undergone the process
of combing, and in order to render it more pure and increase its absorbing powers,
I subject it to the action of a solution of caustic alkali, either in a hot or cold state,
as I shall find most efficacious; I then wash it repeatedly in water until every trace
of alkali has been removed, and either subject it to pressure or to the action of a
centrifugal machine for the purpose of extracting the moisture which it has ab-
sorbed in the process, after which I dry it perfectly by some one of the best known
and approved methods, and recomb it.
The cotton and flax are thus freed from the greasy matter which they before
contained, and are rendered capable of readily absorbing fluid, a property they did
not possess before, and are thus better fitted for surgical and medical purposes.
I then apply this cotton or flax to the following uses :-
1st. I apply it to all the purposes for which lint is applicable.
2nd. I saturate it with a solution of lead, iron, alum, or some equally astringent
salt, or of a combination of such salts, and having extracted the fluid as herein-before
described, I dry it, and thus produce a styptic preperation for the purpose of arrest-
ing hoemorrhage.
3rdly. I employ the cotton or flax as a medium for conveying to wounds and
injured parts some of the best known and most approved antiseptics, but more
especially I manufacture from it a carbolized or thymolized cotton or flax wool, by
saturating it with a solution of carbolic acid and glycerine, or thymol and glycerine,
in such proportions as I shall find most convenient; I express from this also the
superfluous fluid it may have absorbed by saturation, but I do not dry it, as in the
case of the styptic cotton or flax, but envelop it in a moist state in a waterproof
covering, either of paper or some light textile fabric, so as to prevent evaporation
of the antiseptic employed and to keep it always ready for the surgeon's use.
Davies 971

page_text: Lastly. I prepare my improved cotton or flax by affixing to a layer of it, varying
in thickness, according to the purposes for which it is afterwards to be used, an
impermeable backing in the following manner :-I prepare tissue paper, or some light
textile fabric, by coating it with a waterproofing agent, such as india-rubber,
oxidized oil or varnish, and when dry I fix a layer of the prepared cotton or flax
on one surface of this waterproofed paper or textile fabric, by means of an adhesive
waterproof solution such as just indicated, and having allowed it to dry and become
firmly set, I thus produce a cotton or flax wadding, which can be used in place of
lint and oiled silk for surgical or medical purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF FLOORING, APPLICABLE ALSO AS COVERING FOR WALLS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1878. (A communication from
abroad by Ludwig Lublinski, of Warsaw, Poland.)
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF FLOORING, APPLICABLE ALSO AS COVERING FOR WALLS AND OTHER
SURFACES." (A communication from abroad by Ludwig Lublinski, of Warsaw,
Poland.)
Parquet flooring constructed according to this Invention consists in combined
parts or pieces, the outlines of which are formed by circular curves, and which on
their circumference are formed with grooves or tenons.
The parts or pieces can be made in the lathe, thus ensuring the accuracy of
workmanship, which is needed for parquet flooring.
According to one mode the pieces are all made alike, each piece being struck
with three circles, viz., a convex half circle and two concave quarter circles, or with
three equidistant convex circular parts struck from the centre of the piece, and each
such part forming a sixth of the whole circle, the intervening three spaces being
bordered by three concave circular parts struck with the same radius as the afore-
said convex parts; or with two opposite convex circle parts and two intervening
concave circle parts struck with the same radius as the convex parts.
According to another mode the pieces are of two kinds, say, some quite circular
and the other or intervening pieces having three concave sides struck with the
same radius as the aforesaid circular pieces; or one set of pieces quite circular and
the other or intervening pieces having four concave sides struck with the same
radius as the circular pieces.
The pieces may however be formed and arranged in many other ways, the out-
lines of the pieces consisting in all cases of circular parts combined, and the pieces
being tenoned together.
These forms and constructions may also be applied to tile and other flooring, and
for walls and other surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Aldren McNaught and Thomas
Lamb Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June
1878.
JAMES ALDREN MCNAUGHT and THOMAS LAMB SMITH, both of Worcester,
in the County of Worcester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES."
Our Invention relates to landaus of the class known as "side light landaus," and
to other like carriages, and consists in arranging the side windows and fitting
them to the front part of the head in such a manner as to admit of the latter being
opened without inconvenient displacement of the glasses.
In carrying out our Invention the side windows are hinged to the pillars of the
front part of the head, so as to admit of their being readily thrown back, turning
on their hinges when it is required to open the head. The latter operation is
performed by means of a parallel motion, assisted by automatic springs specially
adapted to this movement.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHING MACHINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Dickinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1878.
ELIJAH DICKINSON, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The improved machine consists, principally, of box or tub to contain the hot
water, &c., and a combination of corrugated rollers of a peculiar construction, herein-
after described.
First a main roller or cylinder made of wood and corrugated longitudinally by
nailing on to the plain surface with copper tacks pieces of hempen rope the length
of the roller, and over this is also nailed or tacked (with copper tacks) stout sail-
cloth, thus forming a corrugated roller with a partially elastic surface which will
not warp, split, or peel, and being of a similar substance or fibrous material will
rub the articles without wearing them. At each end of this main roller is attached
a metal disc with a short shank, forming as it were a shaft, upon which it revolves
in the end of the box or tub, one shank being squared for the reception of a winch
handle to turn the same. Bearing on this longitudinal corrugated roller are a series
of spirally corrugated rollers (say five), the journals of which fit in curved slots in
the end frames of the machine. These rollers are made of iron about an inch and a
half in diameter, first covered with lead or other suitable material to prevent
corrosion of the iron, and then lapped spirally with hemp, flax, or cotton rope, some
rollers having the rope coiled to the right and others to the left, so that they rub in
both directions. These rollers do not require any springs or weight, but bear upon
the main roller by their own dead weight only.
The clothes or other articles to be washed are passed in between the main roller
and the small rollers, whilst the former is either turned round or backwards and
forwards by means of a winch handle, the small rollers pressing and rubbing on the
articles, and revolving either round or to-and-fro by friction of contact. The small
rollers rise and fall in their slots according to the thickness of the material passing
through them.

page_text: The box or tub is made of galvanized iron to prevent corrosion, and is provided
with a plug at the bottom to let off the water. Under this is placed a warmer so
that the water. may be kept hot during the process by means of either gas or a
lamp; or, if preferred, a wooden tub or trough may be used (instead of the iron
vessel and heating apparatus), and the above arrangement of rollers fixed thereto.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO JUGS OR VESSELS, WHEREBY THEIR LIDS ARE RENDERED SELF-OPENING AND CLOSING."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Challen Beattie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1878.
JOHN CHALLEN BEATTIE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO JUGS OR VESSELS, WHEREBY THEIR LIDS
ARE RENDERED SELF-OPENING AND CLOSING."
The subject of this Invention has the merit of combining elegance and con-
venience with economy.
To effect my purpose I construct or connect to the lower part of the handle of
any jug or vessel (being that part nearest the base) a joint pin or pivot, while to
the upper portion of the said handle I arrange or connect a looped or other lever,
and this to the lid or cover, so that by raising the jug or vessel by the handle, as
usual, the said jug will immediately gravitate or fall a required distance, actuating
the lever and raising the lid or cover. Upon releasing the said handle it will then
regain its normal position.
By the economical and simple construction of this my said Invention it can be
applied either to works of art in metals or the cheap productions in earthenware.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIZING YARNS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Birtwistle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1878.
WILLIAM BIRTWISTLE, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIZING YARNS."
My Invention relates to a novel method of and apparatus for sizing yarns,
whereby I am enabled to size (in the same machine) the colored yarns (used for
the borders of piece goods) in a separate and different manner from the grey yarns,
the object being to preserve the brightness of the color which has hitherto been
dulled by the usual sizing process in consequence of being sized with the same
material as the grey yarns.
Conveniently situated on the ordinary sizing machine (say between the main
cylinder and the smaller cylinder) I mount an additional sizing box or trough,
which is provided with copper squeezing rollers, one of which dips into the size;
this box is supplied with a lighter and more transparent size (say farina) than that
in the other boxes of the machine, and instead of allowing the colored yarn to pass
through the same sizing troughs as the grey yarn I cause it to pass between the
rollers on the additional sizing box containing the lighter and more transparent
sizing material, thereby preserving the brightness of the color of the yarn, which
gives it a better appearance when woven, and considerably enhances its value in
the market.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPERATING WITH INDIGO IN THE DYEING OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix de Lalande at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1878. A communication from
Albert Dupuy, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
FELIX DE LALANDE, of No. 22, Rue d'Enfer, Paris, in the Republic of France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OPERATING WITH INDIGO IN THE DYEING OF COTTON AND OTHER
FIBRES." (A communication from Albert Dupuy, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.)
In submitting animal or vegetable matters dyed in indigo to the action of dry
stove heat and steam or superheated steam, a remarkable modification is produced
thereby in the shade and frequently even in the intensity of the color.
It is found that shades of colors obtained by means of different workings have a
brilliancy, which varies according to different conditions, particularly the kind of
bath, the more or less complete state of reduction of the indigo that happens to be
in it, the age and concentration of the bath, its alkaline character, the kind of
indigo it contains, and other conditions.
Some baths which have been able to be employed with advantage for dyeing
cotton and yarn or wool have been abandoned through their not giving other than
dull shades, for example, the baths of hydrosulphites employed in a concentrated
state for the dyeing of cotton yarn.
The process above indicated which I have designated by the name of the "process
Dupuy," admits of the very easy transformation without replenishment or addition
of coloring matter, the shades, the greenest and the dullest being obtained with any
kind of bath in brilliant and fresh shades possessing "bloom
or shades intended to reflect reddish or coppery.
ΟΙ "purple" richness
The operation is performed, say, in dry heat stoves where the materials to be
treated may be placed, say, in steam-heating chambers similar to those employed
when printing fabrics.
The best conditions cannot be precisely indicated, they will vary according to
circumstances.
The action of hot air appears to be preferable for wool and such like animal
fibres, that of steam or cotton and other vegetable yarn.
Drine 21

page_text: The temperature of the stoves may vary from 100° to 150° centigrade and
upwards, and the duration of the operation from half an hour to two hours, or even
five hours.
Steam may be employed at atmospheric pressure, say, one or two atmospheres of
real pressure, the temperature of the steam may be between 100° and 150° centi- 5
grade, and the duration of its action may vary from half an hour to one hour and
upwards. By these means facility is afforded for the systematic application of heat
to matters dyed with indigo in order to modify the shades thereof; the systematic
application of steam at variable pressures to such materials with the same object;
the employment simultaneously for the same object of steam and dry stove heat, I
or the application of superheated steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MACHINERY
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING THE SPEED OF MACHINERY." A communication from abroad by
Victor Paul Dufilhot and Emile Duprat, both of Bordeaux, in the Republic of
France.
Sealed the 3rd December 1878, and dated the 8th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1878.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MACHINERY." A com-
munication from abroad by Victor Paul Dufilhot and Emile Duprat, both of Bordeaux,
in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist of a spindle to which rotary motion is imparted by
any motive power; and on said spindle is fitted a fixed or sliding cone. Under
said cone is a cross head or bars, bearing bent arms pivoted therein. As the spindle
revolves the arms are thrown out at their lower extremities, but impinge on the
cone with their upper extremities, and so the speed of the spindle is varied by the
friction on the cone caused by the velocity of its motion.
The various parts are most conveniently to be made of metal, and are to be pro-
portional to the size and power of the machine, the speed of which they are intended
to regulate.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
December 1878.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MACHINERY." A com-
munication from abroad by Victor Paul Dufilhot and Emile Duprat, both of Bordeaux,
in the Republic of France.
The Invention consists of a spindle to which rotary motion is to be imparted by
any motive power or machine it may be affixed to; said spindle carrying a fixed or
sliding inverted cone, and under said cone one or more cross heads, bearing bent
and counterpoised arms, pivoted thereon, so that when the spindle is revolved the
arms are projected outwards at their lower extremities and inwards at their upper
extremities when they impinge on the cone, and so control the speed of the spindle
to which it is attached, and the machinery to which said spindle is geared.
The said Invention can be performed as illustrated in the accompanying Drawing,
in which,
Fig. 1 is a front view of the improved apparatus.
Fig. 2, side view of spindle, cone, cross head, and arm.
Fig. 3, elevation and plan of cone.
Fig. 4, details of moveable cross head.
Like letters represent like parts.
A, the spindle; B, arms; C, cross head; D, frictional inverted cone; E, balance
lever, pivoted to sliding cone; F, keyed part of spindle; G, regulating screw
bearing; H, gear wheel.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Butterfield and Joseph Wood
Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1878.
JAMES BUTTERFIELD and JOSEPH WOOD MASON, both of Farringdon Road, in the
County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PRINTING
MACHINES."
Our Invention relates to the inking apparatus of lithographic printing machines,
and has for its object to obtain a perfect distribution of the ink or color on the slab,
and dispense with the use of the "riders on the "wavers."
"
It is found in practice that in consequence of the jerky or uneven motion of the
rollers when riders are used the ink is badly distributed, and accumulates at the
ends of the rollers and the edges of the slab or inking table, from which it must be
frequently scraped up, necessitating the stoppage of the machine at short intervals.
It is also found that when the machine is running at a high speed the riders are
liable to jump out of their carriages, and damage the slab by falling on it, or other-
wise injure the machine.
By the improvement of our Invention we are enabled to dispense with the riders
for the wavers altogether, and therefore avoid these and other disadvantages
which attend their use, and to impart to the machine a steady and even
motion.
Instead of depending on the weight of the riders to keep the wavers pressed
down, on the slab or stone, the journals of the wavers are pressed upon by spring
pressing or bearing blocks fitted to slide up and down in the forks of the carriage,
in which they are locked by suitable means. The rollers are thus pressed down
firmly, and cannot possibly jump out of their bearings, whilst they, are at liberty to
wave freely to effect a perfect distribution of the ink.

page_text: A convenient means of locking the pressing blocks and their springs in the forks
of the carriage is an arm or a pair of arms hinged to the carriage at one end, and
secured at the other by a thumbscrew.
The improvement is also applicable to the inking apparatus of letter-press type
and plate-printing machines.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DISTRIBUTING SEED OR MANURE AND FOR ROLLING LAND
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Henwood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1878.
"
NICHOLAS HENWOOD, of Saint Germans, in the County of Cornwall.
'AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DISTRIBUTING SEED OR MANURE AND FOR ROLLING
LAND."
My Invention relates to an improved machine for distributing seed and manure
and for rolling hund, and it consists in the employment in lieu of the ordinary
travelling wheels in an implement of this description of a roller of wrought or cast
iron which is mounted on a horizontal axis behind the seed distributor, and carries
a gear wheel by which motion is transmitted through a train of intermediate wheels
to the seed and manure delivery apparatus.
The manure box is supported on the framework of the machine above the roller,
and the manure is delivered through an opening at the bottom of the box by a
delivery cylinder which is driven from the roller axle by means of the gearing
which also effects the deposit of the seed as above mentioned. The manure as it
comes from its box falls over the forward side of the roller on to the ground, which
is then levelled by the roller.
The implement is applicable either for sowing in drill or broadcast, and is
provided with levers and connections for regulating the delivery of the seed or
manure, and for throwing the same into or out of operation.
By my Invention I furnish a convenient machine which may be used for
manuring, sowing, and rolling, these operations being performed either in com-
bination or separately.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF SEWERAGE EFFLUVIA FROM RIVERS INTO WHICH SEWERS ARE DISCHARGED, AND FOR UTILIZING THE FLOW OF TIDES FOR THE PURPOSE OF FLUSHING SUCH SEWERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cahill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1878.
JAMES CAHILL, of Great Brunswick Street, Dublin, in the County of Dublin,
Ireland, Sculptor. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF SEWERAGE
EFFLUVIA FROM RIVERS INTO WHICH SEWERS ARE DISCHARGED, AND FOR UTILIZING
THE FLOW OF TIDES FOR THE PURPOSE OF FLUSHING SUCH SEWERS."
My Invention relates to sewers designed to discharge sewage into rivers. Along
the side of the river into which sewage is to be discharged I arrange at a suitable
height from the bed of the river and below high-water mark a metal pipe, which I
connect with the pipes whereby sewage is conducted to the riverside, so that the
sewage, instead of being discharged freely into the river is received into and con-
veyed along the said metal pipe, which may extend from the highest point up the
river at which a sower terminates or discharges to any desired point lower down
or towards the mouth of the river.
The inetal pipe is formed with apertures in its upper part provided with seg-
mental trap blocks hinged at one side, and fitting water-tight the said apertures ;
to these blocks are connected suitable floats.
When the tide rises above the upper surface of the metal pipe the floats will rise
and with them the trap blocks, thus uncovering the apertures and allowing water
to enter the metal pipe and flush it whilst the tide remains above it. On the tide
falling below such level, the floats ceasing to be sustained by the water will, with
the trap blocks, be in such positions that the blocks will hermetically seal the
apertures, preventing the escape of sewage effluvia.