IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTED AND DYED FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves, of Church,
near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTED AND DYED FABRICS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTED AND DYED FABRICS."
Sealed the 17th June 1864, and dated the 24th December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin
Hargraves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th December 1868.
We, NATHANIEL LLOYD and EDWIN HARGRAVES, of Church, near Accring-
ton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PRINTED AND DYED FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
These improvements are adapted to cotton goods printed in aluminous or
other mordants, and dyed with madder or garancine, or mixtures of these with
other dye stuffs. We print and dye the fabric in the usual manner well known
in the trade, and dry them or not as may be found most convenient, we then
pass them through an emulsion of oil and alkali, using those oils from which
soap is usually made, and preferring amongst these "gallipoli oil." The

page_text: alkali used along with it we prefer to be ammonia, or carbonate of soda or
potash dissolved in water, though other soluble alkalies may be used, sufficient
being added to the oil to make a milky liquid, usually termed an emulsion, the
quantity not being very material. We also can use for the purpose of this
Invention a solution of ordinary soap, or a solution of albumen, or an albu-
minous substance, such as serum of blood, gluten, casein, and such like nitro-
gluized matters, bringing the same into solution in water with a small quantity
of alkali in cases where they are not naturally soluble. After passing the
goods through one of the solutions, we squeeze them, and dry or not as may
be found convenient, and steam them in the usual manner well known to
calico printers for about half an hour, then soap them as usual, and finish.
The steaming is not essential, as drying them after the passage in the oily or
albuminous solution, previous to soaping, is found to produce a considerable
improvement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, NATHANIEL
LLOYD and EDWIN HARGRAVES, of Church, near Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said, Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves, Her special license that we,
the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin
Hargraves, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING PRINTED AND DYED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of

page_text: their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:
These improvements are adapted to cotton goods printed in aluminous or
other mordants, and dyed with madder or garancine, or mixtures of these with
other dye stuffs. We print and dye the fabric in the usual manner well
known in the trade, and dry them or not as may be found most convenient, we
then pass them through an emulsion of oil and alkali, generally using vegetable
oils, and preferring amonst these gallipoli oil. The alkali used along with it
we prefer to be ammonia, or carbonate of soda or potash dissolved in water,
though other soluble alkalies may be used, suflicient being added to the oil to
make a milky liquid usually termed an emulsion. The proportion of alkali to
the oil is not very material, but we have found the following to produce a
good result. To one gallon of water we add two ounces measure of oil, and
one ounce measure of liquid ammonia of specific gravity 0.880, or thereabouts,
We pass the dyed fabrics through this mixture, and squeeze out the excess
of liquid in the usual manner. We then generally dry them, though this is not
essential, and steam them in the usual manner well known to calico printers for
about half an hour, then soap and finish them as usual in the style of work
under treatment. The steaming though preferable is not essential, as drying them
only after the passage in the oily liquid, previous to soaping, is found to produce
a considerable improvement. We can also use for the purpose of the above
Invention a solution of soap, or a solution of albumen, or an albuminous sub-
stance, such as serum of blood, gluten, casein, and such like nitrogenous
substances, where such substances are insoluble in water, bringing them into
solution with a small quantity of alkali. The process of application being the
same as that described for oil. We have found also an emulsion of oil made
by mixing oil and albumen, or albuminous substance and water to form a
suitable mixture for our purpose.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that we claim, the use of an oily emulsion or solution of an albuminous

page_text: substance, or a mixture of these to be applied previous to soaping as above,
for the purpose of improving the dyed color.
In witness whereof, we, the said Nathaniel Lloyd and Edwin Hargraves,
have hereunto set our hands. and seals, this Twenty-second day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Nathaniel Lloyd
and Edwin Hargraves, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
(L.S.)
N. LLOYD.
E. HARGRAVES. (L.S.)