Improvements in and relating to Windows and Doors.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Windows and Doors.
I, DANIEL KEITH, of Bourock, Barrhead, Renfrowshire, Joiner, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in and relating to windows and
doors and essentially comprises developments of the former improvements for which
Letters Patent were granted to me No. 18459 of 1893 and 20,331 of 1895.
As applied to a casement window in which the lower and upper casement
frames or sashes swivel out from one side, I fit on their opposite side hinges of the
construction described in the specification of my patent 20,331 of 1895,
so that these sash frames can slide up and down and also swivel within
the apartment on these hinges, while to dispense with batten rods the free or
opening out side would fit within a recessed or grooved edge formed at back of
fixed framo, or a piece might be fitted within a cheeked or recessed part of pulley
style to project out beyond style, and a projecting piece be fitted on edge of cas
ment to abut up against it.
When casement windows are used with four leaves or frames, these would be
mounted on the aforesaid hinges at each side, and have their free or opening out
sides meeting at the centre, where in their closed position they may be also
secured together by a locking bolt operated by eccentric swivelling, sliding, screw
or like action.
A fixed vertical bar or bars would be fitted opposite the free edges of these case-
ment frames, and be formed with projecting knobs or teeth, and kneed or shaped
grooves would be formed on part of the fire edges of the casement frames to slide
over these projections. The frames would thus be locked so long as the projec-
tions remained in the vertical grooves, but when they came to the horizontal
grooves, the frames would be in position for being freely swivelled on their hinges
within the apartment. The locking bars instead of being placed vertically may
be placed horizontally or both sets may be used, and when applied to windows
with the sements all in one piece the locking arrangements would be at fixed
frame and free edges. Electric or mechanical action may be used for raising the
frames up to this opening out position, and automatically swivelling them within
the apartment. The bottom end of the lower sash frame would be formed of a
deep bevelled shape to fit down on to a correspondingly recessed surface on lower
part of fixed frame, and form a wind and watertight joint, and sufficient space
would be left above top casement to permit of the lifting up action of both case-
ments. Curved or quadrant plates formed with a series of holes at spaced distances
apart may be screwed on fixed frames opposite the top of upper casement, and
bottom of lower casement, and spring bolts in the latter take into these holes to
lock the casement. frames at any angle in the swivelled out or open position of the
windows. The meeting edges of the lower and upper ensements would preferably
be formed of an L or kneed shape, and both of them be operated by one counter-
balance weight and cord. The end of cord would be attached to a catch plate

page_text: or lever which would engage with the bottom of upper casement frame and upper
part of lower casequent frame so that both frames can be raised and lowered
together, while said catch can also be made to engage with fixed frame, and lock
these to same. This catch can be disengaged from fixed frame and from lower
casement and be only attached to upper casement to operate it only and stops be
provided for supporting lower casement. Instead of suspending the casements
from inner side this may be done from their outor edges or centre meeting part.
Instead of weights, these casements may be operated by lever springs, cords and
pulleys or the like.
In applying these improvements to doors a recess would be formed in top lintel
to give space for the sliding up and down action of door on hinges and counter-
balance chain, and a corresponding recess would be fitted below floor level for door
to slide down and enable ventilation to take place through an open space at top of
door when so desired. A plate, board or like device would be screwed to bottom of
door to act as a dust or draught excluder, and a hinged or sliding cover may be
fitted over boxed recess below door. Antifriction rollers may be fitted on free
edge of door, and a metal plate on edge of fixed frame opposite these to minimise
friction, or rice versa the rollers may be on fixed frame, and the plate on edge of
door. And in double or easement shaped doors their meeting edges may be fitted
with indiarubber or pneumatic cushions.
In these windows and doors, they may be made to portably slide with recesses
to remove them out of the way when so desired.
Dated the 2nd day of February 1897.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
Improvements in and relating to Windows and Doors.
I, DANIEL KEITH, of Bourock, Barrhead, Renfrewshire, Joiner, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that
is to say:
This invention has reference to improvements in and relating to windows and
doors and essentially comprises developments of the former improvements for
which Letters Patent were. granted to me No. 18459 of 1893 and 20331 of 1895.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of carrying same into
practice may be properly understood, I hereunto append three sheets of explanatory
drawings in which the same reference letters are used to indicate corresponding
parts in all the figures where shown. Figure is a front elevation and Figure 2
àsretion of combined sliding sash and casement window as fitted in accordance
with my improvements. Figures 3 and 4 are similar views of a double casement
window with locking bar arrangement Figures 5 and 6 are sectional detail views
of a window stile when hatten rods are dispensed with. Figure 7 is a diagram
view showing how the window may be operated electrically. Figure 8 shows
detached perspective views of hinge and catch plate used in the windows of the
foregoing figures. Figure 9 shows a modified form of hinge and catch plate for
upper sash frames of ordinary sliding sash windows. Figure 10 shows views of
locking bar and slotted kneed recess, while Figure 10 shows view of locking
plate. Figure 11 shows views of locking catch plate. Figures 12 and 13 are
views of doors as constructed in accordance with my improvements. Figure 14
is detail view of hinge for upper part of door and Figure 15 a similar view for

page_text: lower part of door. Figure 16 is a view of slotted keeper plate for both upper
and lower hinges. Figure 17 shows sectional modifications of the keeper plate.
Figure 18 shows a front view and section of the keeper plate for the lock, while
Figures 19, 20 and 21 are views showing various methods of covering the recess
at bottom of door.
Referring to these drawings:-
As applied to a casement window in which the lower and upper casement frames
or sashes AA swivel out from opposite sides of the stationary frames I sit
hinges As of the construction described in the specification of my Patent No.
20331 of 1895 so that these sash frames can slide up and down and also swivel
within the apartinent on these hinges.
In Figures 1 and 2 batten rods a are also hinged as indicated at each side of
stationary frame corresponding to the sashes A A' and these keep the sashes secure
within the frame and allow of ventilation when required also rendering the sashes
capable of being swivelled inwards within the apartment when necessary for
cleaning. When it is required to swivel the sashes A A' inwards within the
apartment they are raised until the knob or head a' comes in line with a check
or slot a in the batten rod a, said batten rod is then unlocked by unscrewing the
securing screw a and afterwards turned inwards when the sashies A A¹ are free
to be actuated as above described.
When it is desirable to dispense with batten rods a the free or opening out side
of sashes A A' as shown in plan view Figure 6 would fit within a recessed or ground
edge B formed at back of fixed frame, or as shown a piece B is fitted within the
checked or recessed part of pulley stile to project out beyond stile and a piece B¹
be formed or fitted on edge of casement sashes A A¹ to abut up against it to form
a weather joint. This piece B has a groove 6 cut in it so that when the window
sashes are raised to come in line with projections b' similar to those a' shown in
Figures 1 and 2 fixed to side of the stationary frame either the upper or lower
sash can be swivelled inwards within the apartment.
As shown in Figure 6 a projecting piece b would be fitted on edge of casement
or sash and abut up against the fixed frame and take into a groove in same to form
a weather tight joint.
When casement windows are used with four leaves or frame A A' as shown in
Figures 3 and 4 these would be mounted on the aforesaid hinges and keepers A'
at each side, and have their free or opening out sides meeting at the centre, where
in their closed position they may be also secured together by a locking bolt as
at A
A fixed vertical bar or hara C would be fitted opposite the free edges of these
casement frames, and be formed with projecting knobs C or teeth, and kneed
or L shaped grooves C would be formed on part of the free edges of the casement
frames to slide over these projections C. The frames A A' would thus be locked
as long as the projections C remained in the vertical part of the grooves C³, but
when they were raised and came to the horizontal part of the grooves, the frames
would he in position for being freely swivelled on their hinges AA within the
apartment. The locking bar CC' and part of sash A, with plate and groove C
are shown particularly in the detail view Figure 10. The locking bars CC' instead
of being placed vertically may be placed horizontally with a slight modification
of securing plate Cat the parting stile or sole of fixed frame of window or both
sets may be used.
When applied to windows with the casements all in one piece the locking
arrangements would be at fixed frame and free edges, that is, the plate with
groove would be fixed to stationary frame of window and a plate CC as shown
in Figure 10 secured to the free edge of sliding casement or sash or vice versa.
In Figure 8 the hinge and catch plate A'A' comprising developments of the
former patent hereinbefore referred to are shown in perspective in the form used
for the windows of the foregoing figures and are secured to the casement or sash A,
as shown in Figure 8, while Figure 9 shows similar views and are secured, when

page_text: ordinary sliding sashes are used, to the upper sash A in the manner shown in tho
above figure. The batten rod B³ Figuro & is grooved as shown and used in the
hinging side of all the casement sashes and when the ordinary sliding sash
window is fitted with the improvements the parting bead B is similarly grooved
as shown in said figure. Electric or mechanical action may be used for raising
the frames up to this opening out position, and automatically swivelling them
within the apartment.
on
One means of doing this electrically is shown in Figure 7 in which case the
counter-balance weight is made to move through two selenoids D' D³. Electric
contact is made by a switch d, to put on the current from the battery to either
lower or raise the weight D and with it the sash of window. A projection
weight D with an angled groove in it comes in contact with a lever having an
antifriction pulley on it, and automatically swivels the window sash within the
apartment, and vice versa to swivel it back again when the window is to be closed.
The bottom end of the lower sash frame A would be formed of a deep bevelled
shape at A to fit down on a correspondingly recessed surface on lower part of
fixed frame, and form a wind and watertight joint, and sufficient space would be
left at above top casement A to permit of the lifting up action of both case-
ments. The meeting edges of the lower and upper casements would preferably be
formed of an or kneed shape at E and both of them be operated by one counter-
balance weight and cord. As shown in Figure 11 the end of cord e would be
attached to a catch plate or lever el on the lower part of the upper casement frame A
which would engage with a plate at the upper part of lower casement frame A¹
so that when secured by the piu both frames can be raised and lowered together,
while a small spring catch can also be made to engage with a catch plate on
fixed frame, and lock these to same.
In applying these improvements to doors as shown in Figures 12 to 21 a
recess a would be formed in top lintel to give space for the sliding up and down
nction of door on hinges A A+ and counter-balance chain A and a corresponding
recess a would be fitted below floor level for door to slide down and enable venti-
lation to take place through an open space at top of door when so desired. A
plate, board, or like device A would be screwed to bottom of door to act as a dust
or draught excluder, and a hinged or sliding cover A7 may be fitted over boxed
recess below (loor.
In Figures 14 and 15 the hinge plates As A are shown as formed with a
Tshaped projection A to work within a slot A in the plate A Figure 16 when
the door is being raised or lowered. In Figure 18 the keeper plate All of lock is
shown as formed of a channel shape to allow of the free action of the lock bolt,
and the slots A" show two positions in which the bolt can be shot and the door
locked. In Figure 19 a sliding cover f is shown underneath a hard wood strip fl
so that same may slide out and in to cover the recess a³, while Figure 20 shows a
hinged plate and Figure 21 shows a spring cover ³ to automatically close the
recess.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;-
First. The constructing and operating of combined sliding and casement
windows in the improved manner herein described in reference to and shown in
Figures 1 and 2 and 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Second. The constructing and operating of combined sliding and casement
windows with locking bars substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in Figures 3, 4 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. In sliding windows and doors the operating of same by electric connec-
tions substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figure 7 of
the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In sliding windows the method of locking and releasing the two sash

page_text: frames together, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in
Figure 11 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In sliding windows the forming of a recess at top of fixed frame to allow
of sash frames being raised for ventilating purposes or for swivelling within the
apartment, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
Sixth. In doors, the method of mounting these so as to slide up and down for
ventilating purposes, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown
in Figures 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh. In sliding doors, the forming of a recess at top lintel or frame and a
recess below floor level, substantially as and for the purposes herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Eighth. In sliding windows and doors the improved constructions of hinge
fittings, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
Dated the 2nd day of December 1807