IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of SALT-CAKE AND MURLATIC ACID, AND FURNACES THEREFOR, SUCH FURNACES BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATED ALKALIES, THE GENERATION OF COAL GAS, BURNING OF BONES, THE SEPARATION OF PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Steward Hazlehurst, of Runcorn, in the County
of Chester, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
SALT-CAKE AND MURLATIC ACID, AND FURNACES THEREFOR, SUCH FURNACES
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATED ALKALIES,
THE GENERATION OF COAL GAS, BURNING OF BONES, THE SEPARATION OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Steward Hazlehurst
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1882.
GEORGE STEWARD HAZLEHURST, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE AND MURIATIC ACID
AND FURNACES THEREFOR, SUCH FURNACES BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATED ALKALIES, THE GENERATION OF COAL GAS,
BURNING OF BONES, THE SEPARATION OF BRINE FROM SALT AND VARIOUS OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in a new system of manufacturing salt cake, evolving
muriatic gas and producing muriatic acid, and in furnaces and apparatus employed
in such manufacture, the furnaces being also applicable for the manufacture of
carbonated alkalies, the generation of coal gas, the burning of bones, the manu-
facture of common salt and various other useful purposes.
According to my Invention I manufacture salt cake, evolve muriatic gas, and
produce muriatic acid, by the use of hermetically scaled revolving retorts, or
furnaces. By this system I am enabled by excluding the atmospheric air, to
evolve a distillable gas. The retort furnace according to my Invention may
consist of a cylindrical cast, or wrought iron vessel, or vessel of other material
rotating on trunnions, or friction discs or wheels. The vessel is closed at both
ends, one end being provided with a suitable air tight manhole or charging door.
The vessel is heated and is revolved by suitable shafting and gearing by means of
the rotation of one, or more of the friction discs, which support it or through the

page_text: medium of its trunnions. Passing in at each end of the central axis of the vessel
is a hollow shaft which carries a crank inside the vessel. The crank supports a
series of loose scrapers, which are held against the length of the upper portion of
the vessel by their balance on the crank bar. In the manufacture, the heated
cylindrical vessel is charged with common salt. Vitriol (sulphuric acid) is then
injected through a nozzle, which passes through one of the hollow shafts. The
vessel, revolving meanwhile causes the salt to roll over and to be thoroughly
operated upon by the vitriol. The scrapers at the top of the vessel prevent
permanent caking and adhesion to the sides. The gas evolved is by the exclusion
of atmospheric air, of a distillable nature and passes through the other hollow
shaft at the further end of the vessel and is carried through pipes and treated by
water, which condenses the' gas and produces muriatic acid. This water, finely
divided, or otherwise may pass down the pipe and enter a cistern with the gas
by falling on a splasher, or as may be desired. The cistern for holding the vitriol
(sulphuric acid) is placed in any convenient position above the furnace and the
supply pipe is furnished with a notched plug, or equivalent device, by the
movement of which the flow of the liquid is regulated from one end of the vessel
to the other.
In applying my Invention to the manufacture of carbonated alkalies, the
alkalies are placed in the rotating furnace above described, and are roasted therein.
The rotation of the retort causes the perfect roasting thereof without the necessity
of the opening of the door and manual labour. The ammoniacal, or other gases
that may arise therefrom may be treated as usual.
In applying my Invention to the generation of coal gas, an internal pipe is
provided, which passes to the upper part of the retort and through the central
axis to a hydraulic main, the pipe being provided with suitable convenience for
cleaning. The rotation of the retort causes the heat to be more uniformly applied
to the coal, and gas is generated in much less time than by stationary retorts.
When used as a coal gas generator the internal scrapers may be dispensed with.
Bones may be burnt under somewhat similar conditions.
In evaporating brine and in all the above named purposes, the internal pipe
may be used in conjunction with the scrapers, or the scrapers and pipe may be
used separately.
In applying my Invention to purposes other than those particularly specified,
the materials to be treated are placed inside the retort, which is then rotated over
the fire as described.
The connection between the stationary and rotating axes of the furnace may be
effected by a suitable stuffing box, or gland, or by two perfectly flat surfaces
pressed together and surrounded by a box filled with material to prevent escape,
or otherwise.
The regenerativo system of firing, as used in gas works and elsewhere is suitable
for the arrangements herein described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Steward Hazlehurst in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st August 1882.
GEORGE STEWARD HAZLEHURST, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE AND MURIATIC ACID,
AND FURNACES THEREFOR, SUCH FURNACES BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATED ALKALIES, THE GENERATION OF COAL GAS,
BURNING OF BONES, THE SEPARATION OF BRINE FROM SALT AND VARIOUS OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in a new system of manufacturing salt cake, evolving
muriatic gas and producing muriatic acid; and in furnaces and apparatus employed
in such manufacture, the furnaces being also applicable for the manufacturo of
carbonated alkalis, the manufacture of common salt and various other useful
purposes.
According to my Invention, I manufacture salt cake, evolve muriatic gas and
produce muriatic acid by the use of hermetically sealed revolving retorts, or
furnaces. By this system I am enabled by excluding the atmospheric air to evolve
a distillable gas. The retort furnace according to my Invention may consist of a
cylindrical cast, or wrought iron vessel, or vessel of other material, rotating on
trunnions, or friction discs, or wheels. The vessel is closed at both ends, one end
being provided with a suitable air tight manhole, or charging door. The vessel is
heated and is revolved by suitable shafting and gearing by means of the rotation of
one, or more of the friction discs, which support it, or through the medium of its
trunnions. Passing in at each end of the central axis of the vessel is a hollow
shaft, which carries a crank inside the vessel. The crank supports a series of loose
scrapers, which are held against the length of the upper portion of the vessel by
their balance on the crank bar. The bar on which the scrapers are placed may
rest at each end in slits at the upper end of the cranks and may be connected with
bolts passed through the end plates of the furnace so that by reversing the direction
of the retort, the bar and scrapers leave the slits and may be unshipped and fresh
ones inserted, in a very short space of time and without cooling the furnace. In
the manufacture, the heated cylindrical vessel is charged with common salt.
Vitriol (sulphuric acid) is then injected through a nozzle, which passes through one
of the hollow shafts. The vessel revolving meanwhile, causes the salt to roll over
and to be thoroughly operated upon by the vitriol. The scrapers at the top of the
vessel prevent permanent caking and adhesion to the sides. The gas evolved is by
the exclusion of atmospheric air of a distillable nature and passes through the
other hollow shaft at the further end of the vessel and is carried through pipes and
treated by water, which condenses the gas and produces muriatic acid. This water,
finely divided, or otherwise may pass down the pipe and enter a cistern with the
gas by falling on a splasher, or as may be desired. The cistern for holding the
vitriol (sulphuric acid) is placed in any convenient position above the furnace and
the supply pipe is furnished with a notched plug, or equivalent device, by the
movement of which the flow of the liquid is regulated from one end of the vessel to
the other.
In applying my Invention to the manufacture of carbonated alkalies, the alkalies
are placed in the rotating furnace above described and are roasted therein. The
rotation of the retort causes the perfect roasting thereof without the necessity of
the opening of the door and manual labour. The ammoniacal, or other gases that
may arise therefrom may be treated as usual.

page_text: heated over the furnace D. Vitriol, (sulphuric acid) is then injected through the
nozzle P. The vessel A revolving meanwhile causes the salt therein contained to
be rolled over and to be thoroughly operated upon by the vitriol jet from the
nozzle P. The scrapers K prevent permanent cakeing and adhesion of the material
to the side of the vessel. The gas evolved passes from the vessel A through the
pipe N and is by reason of the exclusion of atmospheric air from the vessel A of a
distillable nature. From the pipe N the gas is carried through pipes leading from
the four way branch N' and treated by water, which condenses the gas and
produces muriatic acid. This water finely divided, or otherwise may pass down a
pipe and enter a cistern with the gas by falling on a splasher, or in other
desired way.
In the manufacture of carbonated alkalies, tho alkalies are placed in the
rotating vessel A which is heated by the furnace D and the alkalies are roasted
therein, the rotation of the vessel A causing perfect roasting of the alkalies
without the necessity of opening the charging door and manual labour. The
ammoniacal, or other gases that may be given off from the roasted alkalies are led
off by the pipes N and treated as usual.
In evaporating brine an internal pipe N such as shown at Figure 3 may be
used in conjunction with the scrapers K, or the scrapers and pipe may be used
separately.
In treating materials other than those particularly specified, such materials are
placed inside the vessel A which is then rotated over the fire D as described.
Having now described my Invention and shown how the same may be put into
practical operation what I claim as my Invention and secured to mo by Letters
Patent as aforesaid is:
First The improved system of manufacturing salt cake, evolving muriatic gas,
and producing muriatic acid by means of a heated, closed revolving retort furnace
and vitriol jet, substantially as herein described.
Second The construction and arrangement of the revolving retort furnace and
accessory appliances as herein described and shown at Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Third The improved system of manufacturing carbonated alkalies by roasting
alkalies in a heated revolving retort furnace, substantially as herein described.
Fourth The construction and arrangement of heated revolving retort furnace as
herein described and shown at Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Steward Hazlehurst, have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Twenty-ninth day of July in the year of
our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
GEORGE STEWARDS HAZLEHURST