A New or Improved Manufacture of Brooms and Brushes, and Means to be Employed therein.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 26th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Manufacture of Brooms and Brushes, and Means
to be Employed therein.
We, CHARLES HAIGH of Bankfield Road Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Skep and
Basket Manufacturer and EVAN STOCK HILTON of Springdale Hall, Crosland
Moor, Huddersfield aforesaid, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new or improved manufacture of brooms and brushes
and means to be employed therein, the object of our improvements being to simplify
the construction of brooms and brushes, to enable cheaper fibres or materials, such
as cane, to be used in their composition to better advantage than is possible in the
present method of making brooms and brushes, and to reduce labour and economise
time in their production, whereby a much cheaper article can be obtained which'
will answer equally as well as those now used and will stand more wear and tear.
In carrying out our invention we cut or otherwise form grooves or recesses in the
underside of the head or stock, or we may attach or form bars or ribs thereon.
Each of said grooves is filled one at a time with bristles or fibres in the following
manner: The fibres or bristles are first laid across the groove to be filled the full
length thereof and a piece of cane or other suitable stick or rod is placed on the
fibres or bristles directly over the groove and is then forced into said groove thus
causing the bristles or fibres to be bent around the cane or rod and held tight in the
groove while the ends project beyond the head or stock to give the formation
desired, one length or section of bristles thus being inserted at one operation and
the same secured by nailing the cane or rod to the brush or broom head. Instead
of cane or rods a band or wire may be forced into the groove over the fibres and
bent around the back of the head or stock to secure same, a cover or shell being
attached over the head or stock to hide the wire and give a finish to the brush.
Each groove is filled in turn as described and very little time and labour is
required to finish the brush or broom.
In manufacturing brushes and brooms as above set forth, we take a length of
material equal to two, three, four or more heads or stocks and groove it the full
length thereof, each groove being filled at one operation and when all the grooves
are filled with fibre or bristles, the aforesaid length of material can be severed in
two or more equal parts whereby two or more brushes or brooms are produced in
the same time as a single brush and with the same or little more labour.
Bass, piasava, or other fibres or bristles or any combination thereof may be used,
and, in addition, the above construction enables us to use cane and to secure it
broadway in the head or stock which increases its effectiveness for brushing
purposes and does not render it liable to crack or break as is the case when secured
as at present. Where the fibres are to be brought up to the extreme ends of the
head or stock we preferably make recesses in the said ends to receive pins or studs
which are driven therein with the fibres bent round same, and covered or protected
by suitable end plates. The heads or stocks may be made to any design.
"
The brushes or brooms can be made by hand but in order to expedite their
production we employ mechanism for placing the canes or longitudinal rods on the
fibres or bristles, forcing same into the grooves and holding them while they are

page_text: nailed or secured in said grooves, such mechanism consisting of a base plate in
which is a recess to hold a length of cane equal to the length of material from
which the predetermined number of heads are to be made, said cane or rod being
placed by hand into the recess or fed thereto.
A blade, having teeth, pins, or spikes on its lower edge, is adapted to enter the
grooves formed in the brush or broom head or beads said blade being raised and
lowered by a screw operated by hand wheel or by other equivalent mechanical
devices. When the blade is lowered it enters the recess in the base plate and the
pins or spikes thereon' pierce the cane or longitudinal rod so that on the upward
movement of the blade said cane is withdrawn and held on the edge of the blade.
The length of wood or material to form the brush head or heads is then placed on
the base plate and the fibres, split cane or bristles are laid in position over the
whole length of the groove to be filled and the blade lowered again to place the
cane or rod upon the said fibres and force same into the groove where it holds them
until the cane has been secured by nails in the groove. The nails are introduced
through openings formed through the blade and they are driven through the cane
or rod into the head or stock by a hammer and punch or by punches secured to
a cross rail having a rising and falling motion. The machine may be actuated by
hand or by a foot treadle.
The same method of filling in the fibres or bristles and securing them applies also:
to rotary brushes.
By the means and method above set forth a whole row of bristles or fibres is
inserted and secured in the brush head or stock or in two or more heads or stocks
at one operation thus dispensing with the labour and time required to bore holes in
the head or stock and arrange the bristles in tufts and insert and secure them!
separately in said holes as is the case at present, whereby a much cheaper broom or
brush is obtained and can be produced in larger quantities.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1894.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Agents for the Applicants.
A New or Improved Manufacture of Brooms and Brushes, and Means
to be Employed therein.
We, CHARLES HAIGH, of Baukfield Road, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Skep and
Basket Manufacturer, and EVAN STOCK HILTON, of Springdale Hall, Crosland
Moor, Huddersfield, aforesaid, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be perforined, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a new or improved manufacture of brooms and brushes
and means to be employed therein, the object of our improvements being to simplify
the construction of brooms and brushes, to enable cheaper fibres or materials such
as cane--to be used in their construction to better advantage than is possible in the
present method of making brooms and brushes, and to reduce labour and economise
time in their production whereby a much cheaper article can be obtained which
will answer equally as well as those now used and will stand more wear and tear.
In order fully to describe and ascertain our said invention reference is hereinafter
had to the annexed sheet of drawings, wherein :-
Fig. 1 is transverse section and Fig. 2 longitudinal section of a broom or brush
constructed according to our invention, and
Fig. 3 is end elevation, and Fig. 4 plan of the underside, of same.
Fig. 5 is front elevation and Figs. 6 and 7 transverse sections of the means we
employ in the manufacture of our said improved brooms and brushes.

page_text: Referring to the drawings, a represents the brush head or stock in the underside
of which and extending from end to end are cut or formed grooves b adapted to
receive flat strips or bars c of wood, cane or other suitable material, or lengths of
wire. Any suitable number of longitudinal grooves b may be formed in the head
or stock according to the size of brush to be made, or the work for which it is
designed to be used.
Each of the said grooves is filled, one at a time, with bristles or fibres in the
following manner:-
C
The requisite quantity of fibres or bristles are first laid at right angles across the
whole length of the groove to be filled, and centrally on these and directly over
the groove is placed a strip or bar e which is subsequently forced down into the
groove b and carries with it the central portion of the bristles which are thus bent.
around the wood or cane strip within the groove and the ends thereof caused to
project beyond the brush head in two fan-like tufts full length of the longitudinal
groove b. The strip c is now made secure to the brush head by nails d driven
through same at short intervals apart as indicated on the drawings.
Each groove is filled in turn, as described, at one operation, and very little time
and labour, and that unskilled labour,-is required to finish the broom or brush.
For the purpose of lengthening the brush beyond each end of the head or stock
and give it the formation of ordinary brushes, we place a tuft of fibre or bristles
against each end of the brush head and secure them by means of plates e, e, nailed
to said head; over these tufts of fibre or bristles we place other tufts which are in
like manner secured by second plates f, f, which cover up the ends of the fibres and
give a neat finish. One tuft of fibre at each end may, in some cases, be sufficient.
By means of these tufts of fibres or bristles added to the ends of the brush head,
the brushes can be lengthened to any reasonable extent and are better adapted for
sweeping into corners. The two grooves nearest the sides of the head a are
preferably cut or formed at an angle as shewn, in order to throw the fibres further
out at the sides and give a better formation to the brush.
We are aware that efforts have been made to manufacture brushes by securing
the bristles in grooves with pieces of wire but by reason of such grooves not being
cut through from end to end of the brush head the brush has not been of the same
length as the head or stock and they bave therefore been a failure. In addition to
this, the method of securing the wires has been faulty and allowed of the bristles
being drawn out.
•
In manufacturing brooms and brushes according to our invention, we may take
a length of material equal to two, three, four or more heads or stocks and groove
it the full length thereof, each groove being filled with fibres at one operation, and
when all the grooves have been filled, the aforesaid length of material can be
severed in two or more equal parts whereby two or more brushes will be produced
in the same time as a single brush and with little extra labour.
Bass, piasava, or other fibres or bristles or any combination thereof may be used,
and, in addition, the above construction enables us to use cane and to secure
it broadway in the head or stock which increases its effectiveness for brushing
purposes and does not render it liable to crack or break as is the case when secured
as at present.
The brooms or brushes above described can be made by hand, but in order to
expedite their production, we employ mechanism for placing the strips or bars c on
the fibres and forcing them into the longitudinal grooves band for holding
same while they are nailed to the brush head. The said mechanism is shewn at
Figs. 5 to 7 and consists of a table g upon which is secured a bed plate h having
a longitudinal groove or recess i therein to receive the wood or cane strips c which
are placed by hand one at a time into said recess.
Extending across the machine and adapted to be slided vertically up and down in
slots or ways k in the framework by means of a screw m working through a nut l¹
and operated by hand wheel n, is a blade o having on its lower edge a number of
pins or blunt teeth p which, when the blade is lowered, enter the recess i and pierce

page_text: through the wood or cane strip c therein. On the screw being rotated in the
opposite direction, the blade o is raised out of the way and carries with it the strip c
impaled on the teeth p as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 6. The head or stock a
is now placed on the plate h with the groove to be filled with bristles arranged
opposite the blade o, and the bristles or fibres or split canes are laid over said
groove as previously described, gauges 9 being employed whereby the fibres may
be laid equally the full length of the groove. When the blade o is next screwed
down into the position shewn in Fig. 7 it forces the bar c and the central portion of
the fibres or bristles into the groove b and the projecting ends of the bent bristles
are caused to lie close to the sides of the blade o, as indicated by strong dotted
lines, in which position they are secured by arms, hinged to the blade o and made
fast by means of pins s or by a spring catch. The nails for nailing the strip c to
the brush head are introduced into vertical openings t formed through the blade o
and these are now driven through the bar c and into the brush head by means of
a punch and hammer or by means of punches secured to a cross rail capable of being
raised up and down on the screw m. After nailing the strip c to the brush head,
the arms are released and swung out of the way and the blade o raised to allow
the brush head to be removed and another strip c inserted into the recess i for
filling the next groove to be presented to the blade.
In filling the central groove or grooves of the head or stock, iron bars are:
introduced into the side grooves to prevent the dividing walls from being split, and
for like reasons we place the head or stock into a metal box when filling the side
grooves. The same method of filling in the fibres or bristles and securing them.
applies also to rotary brushes.
By the means and method above set forth a whole row of bristles or fibres is
inserted and secured in the brush head or stock, or in two or more heads or stocks at
one operation, thus saving the labour and time required to bore holes in the head or
stock, arrange the bristles in tufts and insert and secure them separately in said
holes as is necessary in the present method of manufacturing brushes, whereby a
much cheaper broom or brush is obtained and can be produced in larger quantities.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
Firstly. The manufacture of brooms and brushes in which the fibres or bristles
are secured by laths or strips, such as c in longitudinal grooves formed in the head
or stock and open to each end thereof, in manner substantially as herein shewn and
described.
Secondly. The manufacture of brooms and brushes in which the fibres or bristles
are secured in longitudinal grooves formed full length of the head or stock, and the
brush lengthened and, its formation completed by tufts of fibres or bristles secured
to the ends of the head or stock, substantially as shewn and described.
Thirdly. The means or mechanism, substantially as shewn in and described with
reference to, Figs. 5 to 7, to be employed in the manufacture of brooms and
brushes in which the bristles or fibres are secured in longitudinal grooves cut or
formed in the head or stock.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1894.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Patent Agents.