IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE HOT BLAST STOVES FOR HEATING AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER GASES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Alfred Cowper, of 6, Great George Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE HOT BLAST STOVES FOR HEATING AIR,
STEAM, AND OTHER GASES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Alfred Cowper
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd March 1872.
I, EDWARD ALFred Cowper, of 6, Great George Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE HOT BLAST STOVES FOR HEATING
AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER GASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that description of hot blast stoves for heating
blast for blast furnace known as "Cowpers' stoves," and in which fire-
brick surfaces are arranged to act as "regenerators" for absorbing and

page_text: giving off heat on the principle described in a Patent granted to
Frederic Siemens on 2nd December 1856, No. 2861.
Now my present Invention consists in a new arrangement or com-
bination of parts whereby a large volume of flame or products of
combustion are passed through portions of the regenerators, and such
flame or products of combustion are then passed through other portions
of the regenerators having smaller passages so arranged with very
extended surfaces as more thoroughly to absorb the remainder of their
heat.
For this purpose I construct the casings of the stoves in a similar
or equivalent manner to that described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me on the 19th May 1857, No. 1404, namely, with cast or
wrought iron casings, by preference cylindrical, lined with brickwork.
Within these casings I form, in the first place, a number of flues or
passages, so arranged that the flame or products of combustion shall pass
alternately up and down therein, the first of these passages being of such
size as to permit of free combustion of the gases so as to produce a large
body of flame. Beyond these flues or passages I form a chamber
divided into a number of small passages, presenting a large absorbent
surface by means of filling in, similar to that described in the Specifi-
cation of a Patent granted to Charles William Siemens, Edward Alfred
Cowper, and Charles Cochrane on 5th January 1870, No. 34.
The stoves are used alternately for receiving heat from the combustion
of the gasses supplied to them from the blast or other furnace or gene-
rator and for imparting heat to the blast, as described in the Specification
of the said Patent.
By means of the arrangement described above, the heat remaining in
the products of combustion after passing through the larger passages
where the flame is active, is more thoroughly absorbed when the stoves
are being heated, and the heat is more thoroughly imparted to the blast
when it is being heated by the stove.
These stoves are applicable for heating steam or other gases, as may be

page_text: med by the Sand Muward Aired Cowper in the Great Seal Fatent
Office on the 23rd September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
ALFRED COWPER, of 6, Great George Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
>
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Alfred Cowper, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Alfred Cowper, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Alfred Cowper,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during:
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE HOT BLAST STOVES FOR HEATING AIR, STEAM, and
OTHER GASES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said.
Edward Alfred Cowper, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and'
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Alfred Cowper, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and'
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:
:

page_text: brick surfaces are arranged to act as "regenerators" for absorbing and
giving off heat on the principle described in a Patent granted to
Frederic Siemens on 2nd December 1856, No. 2861.
Now my present Invention consists in a new arrangement or com-
bination of parts whereby a large volume of flame or products of
combustion is passed through portions of the regenerators, and such
flame or products of combustion is or are then passed through other
portions of the regenerators having smaller passages so arranged with
very extended surfaces as more thoroughly to absorb the remainder of
the heat.
For this purpose I construct the casings of the stoves in a similar
or equivalent manner to that described in the Specification to a Patent
granted to me on the 19th May 1857, No. 1404, namely, with cast or
wrought iron casings, by preference cylindrical, lined with brickwork.
Within these casings I form, in the first place, a number of flues or
passages, so arranged that the flame or products of combustion shall pass
alternately up and down therein, the first of these passages being of such
size as to admit of free combustion of the gases so as to produce a large
body of flame. Beyond these flues or passages I form a chamber
divided into a number of small passages, presenting a large absorbent
surface by means of filling in, similar to that described in the Specifi-
cation of a Patent granted to Charles William Siemens, Edward Alfred
Cowper, and Charles Cochrane on 5th January 1870, No. 34.
The stoves are used alternately for receiving heat from the combustion
of the gases supplied to them from the blast or other furnace or gene-
rator and for imparting heat to the blast, as described in the Specification
of the said Patent.
By means of the arrangement described above the heat remaining in
the products of combustion after passing through the larger passages
where the flame is active is more thoroughly absorbed when the stoves
are being heated, and the heat is more thoroughly imparted to blast
when it is being heated by the stove.
The stoves are applicable for heating steam or other gases, as may be
readily understood.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings show respectively a
vertical section and a sectional plan of an arrangement of a regenerative

page_text: hot blast stove, having large vertical passages in which the combustion
of the flame takes place, and a regenerator formed of bricks placed one
above the other. The gas for combustion enters at the opening A, and
the air for combustion at the opening B, causing a flame and products
of combustion to pass through the large vertical passages C, D, and E,
in the direction shown by the arrows. After leaving them the heated
products of combustion pass downwards through the regenerator F,
which absorbs the greater part of the heat remaining in them, after
which they pass away to the chimney by the opening G. .
When the valves are reversed the cold blast passes up through the
regenerator F and through the passages E, D, and C, in the opposite
direction to that shown by the arrows, and leaves the stove through the
opening H to the hot blast valve.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew respectively a sectional elevation and a sectional
plan of an arrangement of regenerative hot blast stove, in which the
products of combustion are caused to pass alternately up through
large vertical passages and down through regenerators constructed in
accordance with my Invention, the regenerator through which the
products of combustion pass first being preferably formed of bricks,
having larger spaces between them than those in the regenerator
through which they pass last before leaving the stove through the
chimney valve. The gas for combustion enters through the opening A,
and the air for combustion through the opening B, causing a flame to
pass up through the large vertical passage C, down through the rege-
nerator F¹, having large open spaces, up through the large vertical
passage D, and down through the regenerator F³, and away to the
chimney by the opening G in the direction indicated by the arrows.
When the valves are reversed the cold blast passes through the rege-
nerators and vertical passages in the opposite direction to that shown by
the arrows, and escapes from the stove by the hot blast opening H.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew respectively a vertical section and a sectional plan
of a regenerative hot blast stove. The gas for combustion enters through
the opening A, and the air for combustion through the opening B,
causing a flame and products of combustion to pass up through the
large vertical passage C, down through the regenerator F (having larger
spaces between the bricks than the regenerator F'), up through the rege-

page_text: nerator F¹, down through the passage D, and away to the chimney by
the opening G in the direction indicated by the arrows.
When the valves are reversed, the cold blast passes through the rege-
nerators and vertical passages in the opposite direction to that shown
by the arrows, and escapes from the stove by the opening for hot blast
at H.
Figs. 7 and 8 show respectively a vertical section and a sectional plan
of a regenerative hot blast stove, in which the gas for combustion
enters through the opening A, and the air for combustion through the
opening B, causing á flame and products of combustion to pass up
through the central cylindrical passage C, down through the annular
passage D, up through the annular passage E, and down through the
annular regenerator F, and away to the chimney by the opening G, as
shown by the arrows.
When the valves are reversed the cold blast passes through the
vertical annular regenerator and passages in the contrary direction to
that indicated by the arrows, and escapes from the stove by the opening
for hot blast at H.
Figs. 9 and 10 shew respectively a vertical section and sectional plan
of a regenerative hot blast stove, in which the gas for combustion
enters through the opening A, and the air for combustion through the
opening B, causing a flame and products of combustion to ascend the
large vertical passage C, descend the vertical passage D, ascend the
vertical passage E, and after descending the vertical passage I to split
into two parts, one of which ascends the regenerator F, whilst the
other ascends the regenerator F"; both portions then unite and descend
through the regenerator F2, and pass away to the chimney by the
opening G.
When the valves are reversed the cold blast passes through the
regenerators and vertical passages in the opposite direction to that
indicated by the arrows, and escapes through the hot blast opening H.
Figs. 11 and 12 show respectively a sectional elevation and a
sectional plan of an arrangement of regenerative hot blast stove, in
which the gas for combustion enters at the opening A, and the air for
combustion through the opening B, causing a flame and products of
combustion to pass up through the large vertical passage C, down

page_text: through the regenerator F, up through the regenerator F¹, and down
through the regenerator F, and away to the chimney through the
opening G, as indicated by the arrows.
When the valves are reversed the cold blast passes through the
regenerators and vertical passage in the opposite direction to that shewn
by the arrows, and escapes through the hot blast opening at H.
Figs. 13 and 14 shew respectively a vertical section and a sectional
plan of an arrangement of regenerative hot blast stove, in which the gas
for combustion enters by the opening A, and the air for combustion
through the opening B, causing a flame and products of combustion to
pass up through the vertical passage C, down through the vertical
passage D, up through the vertical passage E, down through the vertical
passage I, up through the vertical passage K, down through the regene-
rator F, and away to the chimney by the opening G in the direction
indicated by the arrows.
When the valves are reversed the cold blast passes through
the regenerators and vertical passages in a contrary direction to that
shewn by the arrows, and passes out of the stove through the hot
blast opening H.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim, the arrangement or com-
bination of parts in regenerative hot blast stoves whereby a large volume
of flame or products of combustion is passed through portions of the
regenerators, and such flame or products of combustion is or are then
passed through other portions of the regenerators having smaller passages
so arranged with very extended surfaces as more thoroughly to absorb
the remainder of the heat, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Alfred Cowper, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
EDWARD ALFRED COWPER. (L.S.)