Improvements in Hollow Rivets, and in Tools or Appliances for Setting, Driving, and Clinching the said Hollow Rivets.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hollow Rivets, and in Tools or Appliances for
Setting, Driving, and Clinching the said Hollow Rivets.
I HENRY DOWLER, of the Firm of Frederick Dowler and Sons, of Wainwright
Street Works, Aston, near Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to hollow metallic rivets such as are generally used for
joining the parts of articles made of leather, canvas or other non-metallic materials,
such for example as straps saddles, shoes, bags and the like. My said invention
consists of the improved construction and manufacture of the said rivets herein-
after described and in the tools and appliances to be used in setting and clinching
the said rivets.
Rivets of the kind to which my invention relates are usually made by raising
from a blank of sheet metal or by boring or slotting solid rivets made of wire.
The object of the first part of my invention is to stiffen and strengthen rivets
raised from flat metallic blanks. Hollow rivets as ordinarily manufactured
frequently bend or break in the clinching operation at the angle formed between
the head and stem. To remedy this defect, I perforate the head of the rivet, the
metal at the edge of the perforation being forced inwards so as to form a lining or
double thickness of metal at the weak angular part of the rivet referred to, the
said Lurned in part also assisting by its elasticity in retaining the rivet on the end
of the slider hereinafter referred to.
My invention consists secondly in piercing oblong elliptical or angular holes in
the heads of tubular rivets having split stems, for the purpose of securing the
symmetrical positions of the divided parts of the rivet stems when the rivets are
clinched; that is, for determing the required relative positions of the divisions in
the stems in line or otherwise symmetrically disposed.
Rivets with perforated heads may have their heads covered with caps either
perforated or unperforated.
My invention consists in improving in the manner hereinafter described the tools
by which the driving and clinching of rivets made according to my invention is
effected, whereby the use of spring jaws around the pressing tool for the purpose
of holding the rivet in a pendent vertical inclined position are dispensed with.
I modify the ordinary pressing tools in the following manner. I make an axiul
bole in the punch slightly larger than the perforation in the head of the rivet.
Tlie rear end of the punch bas a cross slot extending through about one third its
length. I make a slider the lower end of which works freely in the hole in the
punch and the upper flattened enlarged end engages and slides in the slot described.
The shoulder at the junction of the smaller and the flattened portions of the slider
limits its descent in the punch. The said slider cannot twist or rotate and with
respect to the punch has only a limited rising and falling notion. When the head
of the rivet to be set and clinched is placed upon the lower end of the slider it is
retained in a vertical position by the elasticity of the turned in edges of the
perforation assisted by friction against the interior of the rivet stem. The hold of
the rivet head on the slider may be increased by slitting the lower end of the
slider.

page_text: The plunger of the press, which plunger carries the pressing punch described,
has an axial hole in which a bar slides. This bar is of a length equal to the
distance between the top of the hole in which it slides.and the top or rear end of
the slider when the lower end of the slider is flush with the bottom of the punch.
The said bar has a cross pin fixed in it near its top. The ends of this cross pin
protrude through a slot in the plunger, and on the rising of the plunger strike
against the frame of the press through which the plunger works. The plunger
rising and the rising motion of the slider being arrested the said slider is made to
protrude from the lower end of the punch into its normal position ready to receive
a rivet. During the punching and clinching operation the slider coming in contact
with the material being riveted remains stationary while the plunger descends and
forces the rivet through the snid material being rivetted against the die fixed in
the base of the press which die effects the spreading or clinching operation.
The position of the tools in the press may be inverted, that is to say, the slidor
or rivet supporting tool may be on the base of the press and the spreading die be
carried by the plunger of the press. In this case the slider is kept in its normal
or projected position for receiving the rivet by the action of a flat or a coiled
spring.
Where the symmetrical arrangement of the spread out portion of the rivets
with respect to the rivetted article is immaterial the perforation in the beads of
the rivets may be circular the slider having a corresponding figure in cross section
for fitting within the circular holes.
Dated the Second.day of October 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hollow Rivets, and in Tools or Appliances for
Setting, Driving, and Clinching the said Hollow Rivets.
1, HENRY DOWLER, of the Firm of Frederick Dowler and Sons, of
Wainwright Street Works, Aston near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to hollow metallic rivets such as are generally used for
joining the parts of articles made of leather, canvas or other non-metallic
materials, such for example as straps, saddles, shoes, bags and the like. My said
invention consists of the improved construction and manufacture of the said rivels
hereinafter described and in the tools and appliances to be used in setting driving
and clinching the said rivets.
Rivets of the kind to which my invention relates are usually made by raising
from a blank of sheet metal or by boring or slotting solid rivets made of wire.
The object of the first part of my invention is to stiffen and strengthen rivets
raised from flat metallic blanks. Hollow rivets as ordinarily manufactured
frequently bend or break in the driving or clinching operation at the angle formed
between the head and steni. To remedy this defect, I perforate the head of the
rivet, the metal at the edge of the perforation being forced inwards so as to form
a lining or double thickness of metal at the weak angular part of the rivet referred
to, the said turned in part also assisting by its elasticity in retaining the rivet on
the end of the slider hereinafter referred to.
My invention consists secondly in piercing oblong, elliptical or angular holes in
the heads of tubular rivets having split stems, for the purpose of securing the
symmetrical positions of the divided parts of the rivet stems when the rivets are
:

page_text: clinched; that is, for determining the required relative positions of the divisions in
the stems in line or otherwise symmetrically disposed.
Rivets with perforated heads may have their heads covered with caps either
perforated or unperforated.
My invention consists in improving in the manner hereinafter described the tools
by which the setting driving and clinching of rivets made according to my
invention is effected, whereby the use of spring jaws around the pressing tool for
the purpose of holding the rivet in a pendent vertical or inclined position is
dispensed with.
I modify the ordinary pressing tools in the following manner. 1 make an axial
hole in the punch slightly larger than the perforation in the head of the rivet.
The rear end of the punch has a cross slot extending through about one third its
length. I make a slider the lower end of which works freely in the hole in the
punch and the upper flattened enlarged end engages and slides in the slot
described. The shoulder at the junction of the smaller and the flattened portions
of the slider limits its descent in the punch. The said slider cannot twist or rotate
Wheu
and with respect to the punch has only a limited rising and falling motion.
the head of the rivet to be set and clinched is placed upon the lower end of the
slider it is retained in a vertical position by the elasticity of the turned in edges
of the perforation assisted by friction against the interior of the rivet stem.
hold of the rivet head on the slider may be increased by slitting the lower end of
the slider.
The
The plunger of the press, which plunger carries the pressing punch described,
has an axial hole in which a bar slides. This bar is of a length equal to the
distance between the top of the hole in which it slides and the top or rear end of
the slider when the lower end of the slider is flush with the bottom of the punch.
The said bar has a cross pin fixed in it near its top. The ends of this cross pin
protrude through a slot in the plunger, and on the rising of the plunger strike
against the frame of the press through which the plunger works. The plungor
rising and the rising motion of the slider being arrested, the said slider is made to
protrude from the lower end of the punch into its normal position ready to receive
a rivet. During the punching and clinching operation the slider coming in contact
with the material being riveted remains stationary while the plunger descends and
forces the rivet through the said material being rivetted against the die fixed
in the base of the press, which die effects the spreading or clinching operation.
The position of the tools in the press may be inverted, that is to say, the slider
or rivet supporting tool may be on the base of the press and the spreading die be
carried by the plunger of the press. In this case the slider is kept in its normal
or projected position for receiving the rivet by the action of a flat or a coiled
spring.
Where the symmetrical arrangement of the spread out portion of the rivets with
respect to the rivetted article is immaterial the perforation in the heads of the
rivets may be circular, the slider having a corresponding figure in cross section for
fitting within the circular holes.
Figure 1 represents in elevation and plan of upperside a split tubular or hollow
rivet, containing one of the improvements constituting part of my invention and
Figure 2 represents the same in vertical section and plan of underside ;
Figure 3 represents in plau and edge view a blank of thin sheet metal which
is used for the production of a split tubular rivet by the well known raising
processes;
Figure 4 represents in side elevation, plan and vertical section a tubular or hollow
rivet of the kind represented in Figures 1 and 2 provided with a covering cap.
Figure 5 represents in plan of upperside and vertical section a split hollow rivet
containing another improvement constituting part of my invention and Figure 6
represents a vertical section of the same taken in a plane at right angles to that
in which the section Figure 6 is taken ;
Figure 7 represents vertical sections taken in planes at right angles to oue

page_text: covering cap;
Figures 8 and 9 represent in plan of upperside and plan of underside respectively
a piece of belting the ends of which are secured by rivets of the kind represented
in Figure 7.
.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13 are drawn to a large scale.
Figures 10 to 14 both inclusive represent various views of the tools and appliances
used in setting and driving hollow rivets having perforated heads; Figure 15
represents in side elevation a press with the tools in position and Figures 16 and 17
represent partly in elevation and partly in section portions of the said press drawn
to a larger scale.
Figures 17 and 18 represent in section, modifications of the tools drawn to the
same scale as Figures 15 and 16.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
drawings.
I will first describe the improvements represented in Figures 1 and 2.
I take a hollow rivet made in the ordinary way from the blank Figure 3 without
a perforation in the head: I pierce the said head by means of a piercing tool
forced downwards in the line of the axis of the hollow rivet, the said piercing tool
forcing the middle portion of the said head inwards against or nearly against the
angular part of the river; that is, the part where the head of the rivet passes
into the stem, the said displaced metal constituting a lining or double thickness
of metal marked a at the angle part of the rivet b, b', 2. By the construction
described and represented the hollow rivet is strengthened at the part where
the head passes into the body or stem of the rivet and the bending or
breaking of the said rivet at the part b' in the driving or clinching operation
is prevented. Rivets of the kind represented in Figures 1 and 2 may have a
covering cap, marked in Figure 4, attached after the perforating of the head
of the rivet.
Although lave described and represented the lining or doubling of the metal
of hollow rivets at the part where the head passes into the stem only in connection
with a split hollow rivet yet I wish it to be understood that the said improvement
is equally applicable to unsplit rivets made by the ordinary raising operations from
circular blanks of thin sheet metal.
Where it is desired that the spread out parts of clinched split hollow rivets shall
be symmetrically disposed with respect to each other as represented in Figure 9,
I prefer to make the perforation in the head of the rivet of an elongated form as
represented in Figures 5 and 6 the said elongated perforation always having a
like position with regard to the divisions or slits of the rivet stem and to mako
the setting tool or rivet holder or slider of the press hereinafter described of a
similar shape in cross section but the perforation may be of an elliptical figure or
angular figure or an irregular figure in plan the setting tool or rivet holder or
slider having a figure in cross-section the counter-part of the perforation in the
hend of the rivet.
The split hollow rivet Figures 5. and 6 may be provided with a covering cap c
as represented in Figure 7 but the said cap must have a perforation c to permit
the setting tool or rivet holder or slider to pass through and bear against the
parallel sides of the perforation in the head 6 of the rivet.
The heads of hollow split rivets of the ordinary kind; that is to say, rivets
without a lining or double thickness of metal at the angular part may have
elongated, elliptical, angular or irregular shaped perforations made in them for the
purpose described.
Hollow rivets of the kind hereinbefore described and represented may be set,
driven and clinched by the ordinary tools and appliances for that purpose but
I prefer to use in setting, driving and clinching hollow rivets having perforated
heads or perforated caps and heads, the tools and appliances bereinafter described
which tools and appliances constitute a further part of my invention.

page_text: Figures 10 and 11 represent elevations at right angles to one another of the
modified punch I employ and Figure 12 represents the same in plan; Figure 13-
represents in side aud edge view the.setting tool or rivet holder or slider which.
I use with the said punch, the opposite sides of the lower end of the said slider being-
flattened to fit it for use in setting rivets of the kind represented in Figures 5, 6
and 7. Figure 14 represents the punch in vertical section with the slider in.
position, a rivet of the kind represented in Figure 7 having been placed on the end
of the slider.
The punch has an axial holed through which in the normal position of the parts.
the lower end of the slider e, projects. The upper or screwed end of the
punch has a cross slot d² in which the doubled end or Auttened head e of the slider-
is situated, the shoulder e' at the lower end of the head e resting, in the normal
position of the parts, on the bottom of the said slot (see Figure 14). I have-
represented a slider made of hardened and tempered steel wire the head being
formed by doubling the upper end of the said wire but it must be understood that
I do not limit myself to this construction as the said slider may be made from sheet.
metal or otherwise formed.
The providing of a stop and guide for the slider may be effected by other-
means than that described and represented, namely an enlarged Hattened' head
fitting a slot in the punch; for example the rear of the slider may be square and
fit corresponding groove or recess at the rear of the punch; or the inverted
arrangement hereinafter described and represented in Figure 19 may be applied to-
the plunger, but I prefer the arrangement already described.
::
The tools Figures 10 to 14 are used in the press Figures 15, 16 and 17.in the
following manner.
The plunger of the press, into which plunger the combined punch and slider
Figure 14 is tightly screwed, passes through the press frame aud is prevented from
turning by the screw n³ in the part n of the frame bearing on a flat on the side of
the plunger. The lower part of the said plunger f is hollow as will be best scen
by reference to Figures 16 and 17 and in the said hollow part of the plunger a rod
or bar
is situated and slides, the bottom of the said rod g resting on the bead e
of the slider. The said rod or bar g has a cross pin h fixed in it at top for the
purpose hereinafter described the said pin h projecting through slots fin
opposite sides of the hollow plunger f. The press being in the normal or out of
action position Figures 15 and 16 a perforated hollow rivet is placed on. -the-
protruding end e of the slider.
e,
When the plunger of the press is forced downwards by means of its lever i the
rod g and slider e, e descend with it until the lower end of the slider comes in.
contact with the material & being rivetted when the further motion of the rod g and
slider e is arrested. The further motion of the plunger and punch & forces.
the rivet from off the slider e, e2 through the material as represented in Figure 17
when the end of the rivet coming in contact with the spreading die the clinching
operation is effected. The flattened head of the slider prevents it from twisting in
the punch during the driving and clinching operation and as the elongated holes in
the rivets are alike in position with regard to the slits or divisions in the stems and
fit the end of the slider the clinched ends on the underside of the rivetted material
are necessarily all in the same direction with regard to the press. On the lever
resuming its normal position the plunger is raised by the coiled spring m and the
rod g and slider e, e take the positions with respect to the punch a represented in.
Figures 15 and 16 ready to receive another hollow rivet. Should the rod from:
any cause stick in the hollow plunger for the slider e, e stick in the punch the
parts will be forced into their normal position by the crossing pin h coming in
contact with the part n of the press.
When using unsplit rivets or where symmetrical clinching of split rivets is not
required I use a slider circular in cross section as represented in Figure 18 the
lower end of the said slider fitting the circular holes made in the heads of the
rivets. The head or enlarged portion e of the slider e, e works in the recess d³ or

page_text: enlarged part of the hole in the punch. A tubular socket p carrying a pin with
a foot or enlarged base is screwed in the rear end of the punch for limiting the
motion of the slider, the foot r of the pin r resting on the head of the slider.
The end of the pin projecting through the rear end of the tubular socket. p is
pressed upon by the rod g in the hollow plunger fof the press: The said plunger f
and rod are omitted in Figure 18. The arrangement of parts last described is
that which I prefer to use in a press in which the spreading die is carried by the
plunger and the setting tool or slider arranged in the base of the press as repre-
sented in Figure 19. In this case slots are made in opposite sides of the screwed
part of the tool in which the slider works in which slots the T shaped head e of the
slider works when the slider is for use with split rivets to be symmetrically clinched.
The said slider is kept in its projected position for receiving the rivet by the action
of a flat spring fixed to the underside of the bases of the press, the free end of
which spring presses upon the rear end of the pin r.
The end of the slider may be slit so as to form an elastic or slightly yielding endl
to assist in holding the rivets placed thereon.
By the construction and arrangement of the parts herein before described the
spring jaws around the pressing tool or punch which are ordinarily employed for
holding the rivet in a vertical pendent or inclined position are dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "improvements in hollow rivets and in tools or appliances for setting,
driving and clinching, the saidt hollow rivets
"
First. Strengthening hollow or tubular rivets at the part where the head' passes
into the stem or body by perforating the. head and forcing inwards the edge of
the perforation substantially in the manner herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings, whereby a lining for, or double thickness of metal
at the said part is produced.
Secondly. Forming in the heads of split hollow rivets, elongated, elliptical,
angular or irregularly shaped. perforations the said perforations always having the
same relative positions with regard to the divisions or slits in the rivet stems and
the use in the press for setting, driving and clinching the said rivets of a setting
tool or slider having a figure in cross section the counterpart of the perforation in
the head of the rivet which slider is guided to move in a longitudinal direction
without twisting through an axial hole in the driving punch substantially as and
for the purpose bereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement or combination of parts herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings for setting, driving
and clinching hollow or tubular rivets having perforated heads or perforated heads
and caps, the said construction and arrangement of parts consisting of a plunger,
the lower end of which is hollow, a rod or bar capable of a sliding motion in the
Baid hollow plunger, a punch, secured in the hollow plunger, slotted or grooved at
top and having an axial hole in it and a setting tool or rivet holder or slider
working in the axial hole in the punch, the head of the said slider working in a
slot or groove in the upper end of the punch the slider being pressed and supported
by a rod in the hollow plunger the several parts being arranged and working in
combination with a spreading die in the base of the press substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated; also the modification herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which the position
of the tools is inverted the slider being returned to its normal position by the action
of a spring in the base of the press.
Dated the Nineteenth day of June 1805