Improvements in Buffer and other Springs Constructed with India..
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Buffer and other Springs Constructed with India.
Rubber.
I, FRANK SPENCER, of 77 Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
In the Specifications of Letters Patent Nos. 3906 of 1886 and 11921 of 1889,
granted respectively to Alfred George Spencer and Alexander Spencer there are
described constructions of buffer and other springs in which india rubber and cup
or confining rings or perforated plates, with and without nozzles, are combined and
arranged in such a manner as to relieve or lessen the severity of shocks communi-
cated to the body of the vehicle or other object to which the springs are applied.
In such springs the cup rings or perforated plates have been made of malleable
cast iron, but this material when subjected to considerable shock is liable to become
fractured and detached from the india rubber, with the result that the spring is
rendered comparatively useless.
Furthermore considerable difficulty is experienced in the manufacture of the
springs with cup rings or perforated plates made of malleable cast iron because
owing to these rings or plates not being of uniform size and shape, due to distortion
produced in the process of rendering them malleable they cause damage to the
moulds in which the springs are made.
Now my present invention has for object to construct springs of the kind referred
to in such a manner that the disadvantages above referred to are obviated and so
that they are rendered more durable and better able than heretofore, to withstand
the wear and tear to which they are subjected when in use, for which purpose I
construct them with cupped rings or perforated plates, (with or without nozzles)
of metal such as wrought iron or steel formed to the required shape by stamping or
pressing.
11
كيم
1
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Buffer and other Springs Constructed with India
Rubber.
I, FRANK SPENCER, of 77 Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
In the Specifications of Letters Patent Nos. 3906 of 1886, and 11921 of 1889,
granted respectively to Alfred George Spencer and Alexander Spencer, there are
described constructions of buffer and other springs in which india rubber and cup
or confining rings or perforated plates, with and without nozzles, are combined and
arranged in various ways and in such a manner as to relieve or lessen the severity
of shocks communicated to the body of the vehicle or other object to which the
springs are applied. In such springs the cupped rings or perforated plates have
been made of malleable cast iron, but this material when subjected to considerable
shock is liable to become fractured and detached from the india rubber, with the
result that the spring is rendered comparatively useless.

page_text: Furthermore considerable difficulty is experienced in the manufacture of the
springs with cup rings or perforated plates made of malleable cast iron because,
owing to these rings or plates not being of uniform size and shape, due to distortion
produced in the process of rendering them malleable, they cause damage to the
moulds in which the springs are made.
Now my present invention has for object to construct springs of the kind referred
to in such a manner that the disadvantages above referred to are obviated and so
that they are rendered more durable and better able than heretofore, to withstand
the wear and tear to which they are subjected when in use, for which purpose
I
. construct them with cupped rings or perforated plates, (with or without nozzles) of
metal such as wrought iron or steel formed to the required shape by stamping or
pressing.
The accompanying drawings illustrate various forms of springs of the kind
referred to in the above mentioned prior Specifications but constructed with stamped
or pressed cupped rings and perforated plates formed of metal such as wrought iron
or mild steel according to this invention.
In Fig. 1, which is a longitudinal section of a spring of the kind referred to,
A A are two perforated metal cupped plates with nozzles B B formed of wrought
iron or mild steel stamped or pressed to shape. These plates are embedded in the
parts CC of the india rubber spring, and are separated by a supplementary
portion D thereof that serves to relieve shocks as aforesaid, should the outer rims
of the cupped plates A A and the nozzles B B meet the end or dividing plates E E
which are, or may be, also formed of wrought iron or mild steel.
Fig. 2 shows a modification in which the nozzles B B are dispensed with the
outer rims of the cupped plates A. A being alone employed to limit the stroke of
the spring. The arrangement here illustrated may in some cases be modified by
making the india rubber to fit the rod instead of leaving a clear space G G
around it as shown.
Fig. 3 illustrates another construction in which A'A' are stamped or pressed
perforated plates formed with central nozzles B B that are alone employed to
limit the stroke of the spring. CC is the india rubber; D the portion thereof
that serves to relieve shocks as aforesaid; and E E are the end plates as before.
Fig. 4 shows another modification according to which the stroke is limited by
stamped or pressed metal cupped dividing or end plates such as Eor E³, the
portion D of india rubber between the perforated embedded plates A'A' serving
to relieve shocks as aforesaid. Instead of a single cupped dividing plate E', two
such plates as E' placed back to back may be used, according to requirements.
Also these plates may be provided with nozzles as indicated in dotted lines
at E*.
Fig. 5 shows another construction of spring in which the stroke is limited by
stamped or pressed metal cupped end or dividing plates E* E', shocks on the said
plates being relieved by washers of india rubber D D placed between such plates
and plates H H that are or may be also of wrought iron or mild steel. Where.
a series of such springs are used, one of the plates H can be replaced by a
cupped plate similar to E' (Fig. 4), the rim being turned towards the next spring
of the series.
Instead of using embedded perforated plates such as shown in the previously
described examples, and one form of which is partly represented in face view
in Fig. 6, separated embedded plates can be used, one example of which is partly
shown in face view in Fig. 7, where I K are two separate stamped or pressed metal
plates, whereof I surrounds the rod F after the manner of a nozzle, and the plate K
is embedded in the outer circumference of the india rubber C. Springs with
embedded plates such as described in reference to Fig. 7, but in other respects the
same as described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, are correctly illustrated in
longitudinal section by Figs. 1, 2 3 and 4. In some cases it may be convenient.
to use cup plates K without nozzle plates 1. The supplementary springs D may

page_text: be separate from the springs C in other arrangements than those in which they are
80 shown.
Figs. 8 and 9 show respectively in central longitudinal section and in half end
view respectively, a construction of spring in which in lieu of stamped or pressed
perforated metal cupped plates with nozzles embedded by moulding in the india
rubber, as in the constructions shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, there is employed a
compound ring consisting of two stamped or pressed cup rings A A made without
nozzles and arranged back to back with the supplementary india rubber spring D¹
moulded in between them. A groove is moulded at C' in the periphery of the india
rubber body C, which may have the form of a cylinder, or that of a double cone
and the compound cup ring is forced into the said groove, as it is shown in Fig. 8.
At a groove (or it might be a projecting bead as at C in Fig. 10)-is moulded
in the hole of the india rubber body C into (or on to) which, after the spring is
vulcanized, there is forced a compound nozzle formed of two stamped or pressed
metal rings B B with an india rubber ring D¹ to serve as a supplementary spring
moulded in between them, after the same manner as that moulded in between the
cup rings A A. This compound nozzle is shown as of the same width as the
compound cup ring, because it is considered advantageous to make it so, but
the nozzle may in some cases be made in one piece of wrought iron or mild
steel and of less width than the cup ring, as shown in Fig. 10 and in Figs. 11
and 12.
In Figs. 13 and 14 a spring shown in which the metal ring A is a simple one,
not a compound one, but in this case the nozzle is a compound one such as that
already described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
In the spring shewn in Figs. 15 and 16 the nozzle is dispensed with and the cup
ring is a compound one like that described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
With springs having compound rings (whether made as cup rings or as nozzles)
according to Figs. 8 to 16 inclusive, in the event of full compression occurring and
consequent contact of other plates with the cup rings, there will be a reserve of
elasticity to counteract or take up the consequent shock or shocks after the manner
set forth with reference to the constructions of buffer and other springs herein-
before described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive of the
accompanying drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Springs of the kind hereinbefore described with reference to the several examples
shown in the drawings annexed, constructed with cupped rings or perforated plates,
(with or without nozzles) of metal such as wrought iron or mild steel stamped or
pressed to shape substantially as and for the purposes specified.
This 10th dor of October 1803
FRANK
ENCER.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.