A System of Heating and Ventilation for Buildings, Vessels, and Railway Cars.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A System of Heating and Ventilation for Buildings, Vessels, and
Railway Cars.
I, JOSEPH MCCREERY, of Toledo, in the County of Lucas, and State of Ohio,
United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a system of heating and ventilation for buildings,
vessels, and railway cars, and has for its object to provide an effective and inex-
pensive means for this purpose by the introduction of a current of atmospheric air
at a point to displace the heated air within a compartment and supply either a
current of pure air heated to the desired temperature or a current of pure air for
cooling the atmosphere.
A further object is to provide means for deflecting the current of air in any
desired direction within the apartment.
A further object is to provide means for withdrawing cold air from the floor and
utilizing the same to support combustion.
The invention consists in the parts and combination of parts hereinafter described,
and pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings:-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a building showing my
improved system arranged therein for introducing pure air at the top of the rooms
and for forcing a current of air into a heater when it is desired to ventilate or
beat.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of a form of furnace particularly
adapted for the use in carrying out my system of heating and ventilation.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on lines x-x Figure 2, showing the course the
air traverses from the point of introduction to final heating and discharge to the
pipes.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a building supplied with my
system and the means employed for utilizing the furnace for heating the air prior to
delivering the same to the several apartments and also for deflecting the air from
the furnace when it is desired to introduce cold air into the rooms.
Figure 5 is a detail view of the pipe and connection for introducing air to the
furnace or cutting off the same therefrom.
Figure 6 is an elevation of a portion of a tender of a locomotive and a car coupled
thereto, part of the latter being broken away to disclose the means employed for
forcing air into the cars of the train.
Figure 7 is an elevation of portion of two cars showing the air pipes coupled
and means for leading the current of air to the car, the dotted lines showing the
pipes extending to a point contiguous with each seat.
Figure 8 is a detail view showing the main and branch pipes employed in piping
the car.
Figure 9 is an elevation of a series of water closet bowls showing my system
as applied to the ventilation of the room and withdrawal of the fetid atmosphere
therefrom.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the adjustable air pipe
employed for deflecting the volume of air in any direction desired.
1, designates a fan blower driven by any suitable power preferably by an electric
motor 2, the fan taking air from a pipe 3, which extends sufficiently above the

page_text: building to derive a supply of pure air from the atmosphere uncontaminated with
dust or smoke, the air being forced through a pipe 4, connected with branch pipes 5,
each of which extends from the ceiling downwardly a short distance and is
provided with an adjustable section of pipe and nozzle 6, adapted to be adjusted
and deflect a current of air downwardly as shown more fully in Figure 7 in full
lines, or upwardly as shown in dotted lines, or as may be apparent the nozzle may
be adjusted to deflect the air laterally, this feature of adjustability of the nozzle
is of great value in my system as I depend, upon the displacement of the vitiated
air in the upper portion of the room vessel or car for thorough and correct ventila-
tion of the same, and by its use the volume of air may be deflected upwardly in
one series or cach alternate pipe may be so arranged as to deflect downwardly
thereby causing a complete revolution of the air in the apartment.
In order to moisten the air prior to its delivery into the room 1 arrange a tank 7
for containing water, and by means of a pipe 8, inject a fine spray into the current
of air.
In order to maintain a proper degree of warmth in cold weather, I connect a
pipe 9, with a jacketed stove 10, and allow the air to become heated and radiated
therefrom, the heat rising to the top of the room and being revolved therein by
the current of air deflected to the top of the room through pipes 5 and upturned
nozzles 6, thereby maintaining an even temperature of pure air.
an
When heat is to be conveyed to compartiments in a building I have provided
especial form of furnace 11, in which there are two walls 12, thereby forming two
parallel vertical communicating passages 13, through which the air as it is received
from pipe 4 passes and entering the inner passage through an opening 14 passes in
contact with the inner wall 12, and is heated after which it passes through pipe 16,
through the main pipe 4, and delivered through the adjustable nozzles 6, the
amount being regulated or entirely cut off by means of valves 18.
On the right hand side of Figure 1 another stove 25 is shown where 5 designates
the discharge pipe for the heated or cool air, or both combined, as has been
described, 6 being the adjustable nozzle.
22 designates a short pipe the outer end of which is crooked downwardly to a
point near the floor, the opposite end of the pipe being inserted into the stove or
range within the combustion chamber, where it will become sufficiently heated to
cause a draught of air through the same (by the rarefaction of air at the inner
end) thereby removing the cold air or stench from the floor. There is also a pipe
extending from pipe 22 to discharge pipe 5 which if desired may be opened by the
valve in said pipe, throwing a heated current from the stove (by suction) to the
floor thereby revolving the air in the room as has been described.
This stove is preferably used in heating house kitchens where the grease is in
quantities around the stove on the floor to remove the stench.
By referring to Figure 5, it will be seen that pipe 4, has connected therewith
two downwardly extending pipes 21 and 22 respectively, the pipe 22 being supplied
with a valve 23, which when thrown up as shown in full lines causes the cool air
to pass to the furnace and become warmed proceeding thence to the compartment
as desired.
It will be seen that I may employ a volume of air by my system to warm the
room and at the same time to force the warm and vitiated air in the upper portion
thereof downwardly thereby maintaining at all times a pure atmosphere within
the room.
In applying my system to cars I take atmospheric air preferably in front of the
locomotive and convey the same by means of a pipe which I will designate 3, in
Figure 6, and deliver air to the fan blower 1, forcing the air through pipe 4, to
branch pipes 5, having nozzles 6, and valves 18, the pipes 4, and 3, being connected
by flexible coupling 19.
As shown in Figure 7, the pipes 5 may either extend hut a short distance
downward from the top of the car or as low as the head of the occupant of the

page_text: seat whereby when the valve 18 is opened or partially opened, the window of the
car may be tightly closed even in the most sultry weather keeping out all dust,
cinders, smoke, &c., and the passengers enjoy a cool refreshing breeze of any
desired volume, this feature being of great value in sleeping cars where there may
be arranged pipes for each berth or the short vertical pipes to deliver a volume of
cool air into the car.
20 designates a small engine which may be set in the baggage car and used to
run fan 1, or any other motive power may be employed so that the air is forced to
the entire length of the train.
It will be seen that by my system I may supply a volume of air to a dwelling,
vessel, or railway car, and as in the case of kitchens, laundries, or rooms of great
artificial heat or stench prevails the apartment is supplied with cool fresh air.
Figure 9 illustrates my system as applied to the ventilation of a water closet,
wherein it is desired not only to supply a volume of fresh air to the room, but to
remove the fetid air through the soil pipe, and from thence by a pipe to above the
building, where it is discharged into the atmosphere. In this instance I employ a
fan 21, supplemental to fan 1, and place the same into a portion of the soil pipe in
such a manner that the air is drawn through the bowl and forced through the
pipes, thereby drawing in the foul air and tending to urge the excrement in the
pipe to the main sewer, the foul air escaping through pipe 21' into the atmosphere
above the building.
In order to draw the cold air from the floor, and in the case of kitchen ranges,
where there is a deposit of grease &c. upon the floor, I employ in addition to the
ventilation heretofore described, a short pipe 24, (see Fig. 1) the outer end of
which is crooked downwardly to a point very near the floor, the opposite end of the
pipe being inserted into the stove or range, within the combustion chamber, where
it will become sufficiently heated (by the rarefaction of air at the inner end) to
cause a draught of air through the same thereby removing the cold air or stench
from the floor.
It will be seen that by my system I ensure a perfect ventilation, or heat and
ventilation, with absolutely pure air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a system of heating and ventilation, a main air supply pipe, a blower
connected therewith and a delivery pipe, branch pipes connected with the delivery
pipe, provided with adjustable nozzles adapted to be turned to deliver a current of
air in any desired direction.
2nd. In a system of heating and ventilation, a main air supply pipe, a blower
connected therewith and with a delivery pipe, branch pipes projecting from the
delivery pipe into the apartment, and a pipe projecting from the delivery pipe into
a heater, whereby there is delivered into the apartment a current of cool air and
a heated current at the same time, and means of deflecting the current of cool
air towards the ceiling.
3rd. In a system of heating and ventilation a main air delivery pipe, branch
pipes connected therewith, each provided with a valved adjustable nozzle.
4th. In a system of heating and ventilating a furnace formed with a combustion
chamber and a tortuous passage partly surrounding the same, in combination with
a main air supply pipe, a blower connected therewith and with an air delivery
pipe, said air delivery pipe being connected with the furnace by means of a valved
pipe, and a series of air delivery pipes connected with the main air delivery pipe
whereby a current of cold or hot air may be delivered into the apartment at will.
5th. In a system of heating and ventilation, a main air receiving and
delivery pipe, a blower intermediate the two pipes, in combination with a sup-
plemental blower, a pipe leading from the main delivery pipe and discharging into

page_text: the apartment and pipes from the apartment connected with the supplemental
blower.
6th. In a system of heating and ventilation a furnace, a pipe leading from the
combustion chamber and extending outside to near the floor of the apartment.
Dated this 11th day of July 1891.
JOSEPH MCCREERY.