RESERVE Railway Trains.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 4th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted 19th Apr., 1887.
RESERVE
Railway Trains.
I ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS of No. 2 Great George Street, Westminster S.W. in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The objects of my Invention are to provide means for the economical and safe
distribution and controlling of the Electric current so that.
(1) Each vehicle that is electrically lighted carries with it sufficient Battery power
to light the Lamps necessary for its own lighting (These lamps may be of any
description and make).
(2) When a vehicle carrying its own Battery power and fitted up for Electric
lighting hereinafter described as "electrically fitted" is coupled up to a Train and is
ready for running, the normal condition of the electric lighting arrangements in that
vehicle is that the Lamps are all lighted.
In other words the circuit is closed.
(3) The Guard or other appointed Official or officials hereinafter called "the Guard"
shall have full control over the Electric lighting arrangements and shall be able to
open or close the electric lighting circuits and thus turn out or turn on the lights in
the train.
(4) If a vehicle or vehicles electrically fitted are detached from a train, either by
accident or otherwise, the act of detaching or separation shall close the electric lighting
circuits in those vehicles, if they are not already closed, and shall leave them closed
if they are already so.
(5) Vehicles, electrically fitted, which are not in use, can at any time have their
electric lighting circuits opened or closed by properly appointed officials.
It is evident that if these objects are effected a train can be made up of "electrically
fitted" vehicles and can be despatched from any place, and the Guard is able to light
up the trains if it is dark (i.e. night,) or if the train enters a Tunnel but on coming
into daylight he is able to break all the electric lighting circuits and extinguish the
[D..... 1177

page_text: Lamps. At the same time it is perfectly easy to arrange that any one or more
vehicles in a train (for instance a post office carriage) shall be lit up as required and
not under the controlling power of the guard.
This controlling of the electric currents by the guard when a train is in running
order economises the cost of the electric current; while the special provision I make
for automatically closing the electric circuits in vehicles, which are detached whilst
running by arranging so that their normal condition is that they are closed; and the
further provision that the electric lighting circuits of vehicles not in use are opened
and remain open makes this system economical safe and convenient.
With these objects in view I place a separate Battery, of any convenient sort or
description in, or on, or underneath each vehicle that I fit up for Electric lighting.
This battery, by preference, I put in a box underneath the body of the vehicle so that
it can be easily got at and any part or all of it taken out and replaced, and I make a
complete wire electric circuit from that Battery through the vehicle and place all the
Lamps in the vehicle in the circuit and they are lit when the Battery is in order and
the circuit closed. This I call the Lighting circuit. Special arrangements can be
made for switching on any one or any number of the Lamps in a vehicle at any time
by properly authorized officials. If the Battery in any vehicle becomes damaged from
any cause I arrange so that the circuit in that vehicle can be switched on to the
circuit of another vehicle and so the vehicle can continue its journey.
The Battery and lighting circuit and Lamps and fittings being arranged I fix a
switch, at any convenient part of the vehicle, which on being actuated, breaks or
makes the electric lighting circuit in that vehicle.
This switch hereinafter called the "local switch" is actuated by suitable keys in the
possession of the Railway officials, and when an electrically fitted vehicle is coupled
up to a train the official coupling it up actuates the switch and closes the circuit thus
lighting the Lamps-the guard of the train examines every carriage before starting to
see that the Lamps are lit and then as hereinafter described if the train is starting in
daylight he opens all the Lighting circuits from his van and extinguishes the Lamps
by means of his controlling circuit as explained hereinafter.
To enable the guard to have control over the Lamps of a train electrically fitted
I fix what I call a "breaking contact" in each electric lighting circuit (i.c. in each
vehicle) apart from the local switch above named. To effect this and to work it I put
a Battery in the guard's van and to one of its poles I attach a wire which runs from
the Battery to one end of the Guard's van and from the same end a return wire runs
to the other pole of the Battery. The two ends of wire are fixed into a case or holder
hereinafter called the "holder" made of hard non-conductible material.
The holder is constructed so that one side or part of it is "Male" and the other
"Female" each containing contact pieces of copper or other good conductible material
firmly joined to, or in contact with, the wires, and these contact pieces are in contact
with each other when the holder is not joined to the holder of another vehicle. Thus
the wires through a vehicle, at the far end of the vehicle, at the end of a train (or
section of train) electrically fitted complete, the controlling circuit from the Battery
in the Guard's van (as above described) so that vehicles may be fitted and joined up
electrically to both ends of the van. In case of slip coaches this is convenient.
When two electrically fitted vehicles are coupled up and electrically joined the
holders are joined by the Male part of each one fitting into the Female part of the
other, and the contact pieces makes proper contact so that the controlling current of
electricity running from the Battery in the Guards van makes a complete circuit
through all the vehicles fitted as described and coupled up together.
The holders are held together by sliding contact pressure and if necessary by one
or more catch springs and in such a way that the wires of one vehicle make proper
contact with the wires of the next and the holders do not come apart in ordinary
working but in case the vehicles are separated (by accident or otherwise) they also
separate, without being broken or damaged, and the wire ends in each holder make
electrical contact and complete their own circuit.
In the Guard's van and in connection with each wire circuit from the Battery (i.e.

page_text: the controlling circuits) I put a switch so that the guard can open or close the con-
trolling circuit or circuits either or all.
In each of the electric lighting circuits in each of the vehicles electrically fitted,
I put a contact sliding or otherwise and this contact is broken by a lever or by direct
action. The breaking is effected by the action of a magnet either through a lever or
directly. The magnet is put into the controlling circuit and there is one contact and
one magnet in this circuit in each vehicle. When the guard switches on the con-
trolling current (i.e. closes the circuit) from the Battery through all the vehicles of
the train that are electrically fitted and coupled up, it passes through the magnets in
each of the vehicles and draws the armatures of those imagnets towards their bobbins
and breaks the contacts (either directly or through the action of levers or other
mechanical means) in the lighting circuits of all the vehicles thus opening the lighting
circuits and extinguishing the Lamps.
It is evident that if the guard breaks the circuit running to the magnets (i.e. the
controlling circuit) the magnet-armatures are released and the lighting circuits are
again closed and the lamps lit-there is a spring fitted to the armature of each magnet,
and, or, to the lever it works (if it works one) or, and, to the contact in each lighting
circuit, to enable the contact to close again as soon as the magnet ceases to act.
(1) It is thus evident that when vehicles are all coupled up and electrically fitted the
local switches closed and the controlling circuit open, the lighting circuits are all
closed and the Lamps lit.
(2) When the controlling circuit is open or destroyed through the separation of
any vehicle or vehicles from the guard's van the lighting circuits in those vehicles are
closed and the Lamps lit.
(3) When the vehicles are not in use i.e. not coupled up for running-but are in a
siding or elsewhere the lighting circuits are opened by proper officials, with keys, as
herein before described, actuating the local switches.
(4) When the controlling circuit is closed and the magnets on the circuit are
actuated the lighting circuits are broken and the Lamps extinguished.
It is evident however that the lamps of a train thus electrically fitted up are only
extinguished or out as long as the magnets in the breaking contact circuit holds the
contacts open. It is necessary to minimise the expenditure of electricity caused by
the magnets having to hold the contacts thus open. Therefore as soon as the magnets
have extinguished the lamps by breaking the contacts the guard switches a resistance
into the controlling circuit, or, he switches out part of the Battery or he switches in
a smaller battery and switches out the large one, or in some convenient way he reduces
the current, which is used to work the magnets, to a much smaller current which is
quite sufficient to hold the armatures of the magnets to, or in contact with, their
bobbins. The small continuous current thus employed acts beneficially on the
Battery. When convenient I use a high resistance magnet in which case there is no
necessity to reduce the current.
By these means the expenditure of Electricity in keeping the Lamps extinguished
is exceedingly small and such that practically offers no objection to this system.
The lamp or lamps in the guards van are lit and extinguished by the same methods
as are used and described above for other vehicles, thus the Guard has occular demon-
stration of what is going on in other vehicles and is reminded in case the train enters
a Tunnel without the Lamp being lit that such is the case.
In case it is deemed advisable I arrange that both guards have control over the
lighting arrangements through all or any part of a train.
The contacts I use, whether making or breaking are made of copper or phosphor
Bronze or other conductible material and are sliding or otherwise or they may be
mercury contacts and the wires are copper or other conductible metal and are of one
or more strands and of such diameter as is most suitable for conveying the electric
current, and they are coated with silk or cotton or other suitable insulating material
of any convenient thickness. The magnets I use are of any convenient size
and power. In short the mechanical details have to be suited to the electrical
requirements.

page_text: Or instead of the foregoing arrangement I may find it convenient to fit up each
vehicle with its own electric lighting Battery and wire circuit and Lamps as abovo
described and a contact maker and breaker to be actuated by keys carried by the
Railway Officials, in or on each vehicle and a Battery and wires and switches in the
Guards van as above described; and wires and connections through each vehicle with
a magnet to work a contact maker and breaker in each lighting circuit, partly as
above described but instead of the contacts in the lighting circuits being pulled off or
broken by the magnets and then making themselves again by means of springs or
weights when the magnet circuit is broken as above described; I fix each magnet to
work a ratchet and pawl so that when the armature of the magnet is drawn to its
bobbin it turns the ratchet wheel through a given distance as may be previously
arranged. This ratchet wheel turns a cylinder which is made, or is covered, so that
part of its outside is a conductor and part a non-conductor of electricity. The outside
of this cylinder rubs against or makes contact with two contact pieces not in con-
junction in the lighting circuit. Thus if the conducting part of the cylinder is
against the two contact pieces the lighting circuit is closed and vice versa. Thus the
lighting circuits are opened or closed by the magnets which are worked from the
guard's van.
When the Guard has moved the switch which closes the controlling circuit which
runs through the train to the various magnets and they have broken (or closed as the
case may be) the lighting circuits the guard lets go his switch lever and it flies back by
means of a spring or weight and breaks the controlling circuit again so that there is
no current running in the controlling circuit except when the magnets are actuating
the ratchets and pawls.
'
Instead of a ratchet and pawl I may use several well known mechanical arrangements
to break or make, as is requisite, the lighting circuits.
'
If however a vehicle (or more than one) electrically fitted, is separated, by
accident or otherwise, from the controlling circuit then the lighting circuits remain
closed if closed and open if open. But if it is required that the action of separation
shall at all times, close the lighting circuits in those vehicles which are separated from
the controlling circuit, I put connections, a wire, or cord, or chain hereinafter called
"cords" at each end of each vehicle which are coupled together when the vehicles
are coupled up. Each of these cords actuates on being pulled, a lever or other
contrivance which closes the lighting circuit, if opened; thus the act of separation, by
accident or otherwise, lights the Lamps, if not already lit.
L
111 1
1
1000

page_text: Railway Trains.
I ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS of No.. 2 Great George Street, Westminster S.W.
in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRICALLY LIGHTING
RAILWAY TRAINS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The objects of my Invention are to providé means for the economical and safe
distribution and controlling of the electric current so that.
(1) Each vehicle that is electrically lighted carries with it sufficient Battery power
to light the Lamps necessary for its own lighting (These Lamps may be of any
description and make).
(2) When a vehicle carrying its own Battery power and fitted up for Electric
lighting hereinafter described as "electrically fitted" is coupled up to a Train
and is ready for running the normal condition of the electric lighting arrangements
in that vehicle is that the Lamps are all lighted.
In other words the circuit is closed & complete.
"
(3) The Guard or other appointed official or officials hereinafter called "the Guard'
shall have full control over the Electric lighting arrangements and shall be able
to open or close the electric lighting circuit and thus turn out or turn on the lights
in the Train.
(4) If a vehicle or vehicles electrically fitted are detached from a train either
by accident or otherwise, the act of detaching or separation shall close the electric
lighting circuits in those vehicles if they are not already closed and shall leave them
closed if they are already so.
(5) Vehicles electrically fitted which are not in use can at any time have their
electric lighting circuits opened or closed by properly appointed officials.
It is evident that if these objects are effected a train can be made up of "electrically
fitted" vehicles and can be despatched from any place and the guard is able to light
up the trains if it is dark (i.e. night) or if the train enters a Tunnel but on coming
into daylight he is able to break all the Electric lighting circuits and extinguish
the Lamps. At the same time it is perfectly easy to arrange that any one or more
vehicles in a train (for instance a post office carriage) shall be lit up as required
and not under the controlling power of the Guard.

page_text: This controlling of the electric currents by the Guard when a Train is in running
order economises the cost of the electric current while the special provision I make
for automatically closing the electric circuit in vehicles which are detached whilst
running by arranging so that their normal condition is that they are closed; and the
further provision that the electric lighting circuits of vehicles not in use are opened
and remain open makes this system economical, safe and convenient.
With these objects in view I place a separate Battery of any convenient sort or
description in, or on, or underneath each vehicle that I fit up for Electric lighting.
This battery by preference I put in a box underneath the body of the vehicle so that
it can be easily got at and any part or all of it taken out and replaced and I make
a complete wire electric circuit from that Battery through the vehicle and place
all the Lamps in the vehicle in the circuit and they are lit when the Battery is in
order and the circuit closed. This I call the lighting circuit. Special arrangements
can be made for switching out any one or any number of the Lamps in a vehicle
at any time by properly authorized Officials. If the Battery in any vehicle becomes
damaged from any cause I arrange so that the circuit in that vehicle can be switched
on to the circuit of another vehicle and so the vehicle can continue its journey.
The Battery and lighting circuit and lamps and fittings being arranged I fix
a switch at any convenient part of the vehicle which on being actuated breaks
or makes the electric lighting circuit in that vehicle. This switch hereinafter called
the "Local switch" is actuated by suitable keys in the possession of the Railway
Officials and when an electrically fitted vehicle is coupled up to a train the official
coupling it up actuates the switch and closes the circuit thus lighting the lamps.
The Guard of the train examines every carriage before starting to see that the Lamps
are lit and then as hereinafter described if the train is starting in daylight he opens
all the lighting circuits from his van and extinguishes the lamps by means of his
controlling circuit as explained hereinafter.
To enable the Guard to have full control over the Lamps of a train clectrically
fitted I fix what I call a breaking contact in each electric lighting circuit
(i.e. in each vehicle apart from the local switch above named). To effect this and
to work it I put a Battery in the Guard's van and to one of its poles I attach a wire
which runs from the Battery to one end of the Guard's van and from the same
end a return wire runs to the other pole of the Battery. The two ends of wire
are fixed into a case or holder hereinafter called the "holder" made of hard
non-conductible material to hold the wire and cased in brass or other hard metal
or material.
The holder is constructed so that one side or part of it is "male" and the other
"female" each containing contact pieces of copper or other good conductible
material firmly joined to or in contact with the wires and these contact pieces are
in contact with each other when the holder is not joined to the holder of another
vehicle. Thus the wires through a vehicle at the far end of the vehicle at the end
of a train (or section of train) clectrically fitted complete the controlling circuit from
the Battery in the Guard's van (as above described) so that vehicles may be fitted
and joined up electrically to both ends of the van. In cases of slip coaches this
is convenient.
.
When two electrically fitted vehicles are coupled up and electrically joined the
holders are joined by the male part of each one fitting into the female part of the
other and the contact pieces make proper contact so that the controlling current
of electricity running from the Battery in the Guard's van makes a complete circuit
through all the vehicles fitted as described and coupled up together.
The holders are held together by sliding contact pressure and if necessary by
one or more catch springs and in such a way that the wires of one vehicle make
proper contact with the wires of the next and the holders do not come apart in
ordinary working but in case the vehicles are separated (by accident or otherwise)
they also separate without being broken or damaged and the wire ends in each
holder make electrical contact and complete their own circuit.

page_text: In the Guard's van and in connection with each wire circuit from the Battery
(i.e. the controlling circuits) I put a switch so that the Guard can open or close
the controlling circuit or circuits either or all.
In each of the electric lighting circuits in each of the vehicles electrically fitted
I put a contact sliding or otherwise and this contact is broken by a lever or by
direct action. The breaking is effected by the action of a magnet either through
a lever or directly. The magnet is put into the controlling circuit and there
is one magnet in this circuit in each vehicle. When the guard switches on the
controlling current (i.e. closes the circuit) from the Battery through all the vehicles
of the train that are electrically fitted and coupled up it passes through the magnet
in each of the vehicles and draws the armatures of those magnets towards their
bobbins and breaks the contacts (either directly or through the action of levers
or other mechanical means) in the lighting circuits of all the vehicles thus opening
the lighting circuits and extinguishing the Lamps.
It is evident that if the Guard breaks the circuit running to the magnets (i.e. the
controlling circuit) the magnet armatures are released and the lighting circuits
are again closed and the lamps lit-there is a spring fitted to the armature of
each magnet and or to the lever it works (if it works one) or and to the contact
in each lighting circuit to enable the contacts to close again as soon as the
magnets cease to act.
(i) It is thus evident that when vehicles are all coupled up the local switches
closed and electrically fitted and the controlling circuit open the lighting circuits
are all closed and the lamps lit.
(2) When the controlling circuit is open or destroyed through the separation
of any vehicle or vehicles from the Guard's van the lighting circuits in those vehicles
are closed and the lamps lit.
(3) When the vehicles are not in use i.e. not coupled up for running but are
in a siding or elsewhere the lighting circuits are opened or closed by proper officials
with keys as herein before described actuating the local switches.
(4). When the controlling circuit is closed and the magnets on the circuit are
actuated the lighting circuits are broken and the lamps extinguished.
It is evident however the lamps of a train thus electrically fitted up are only
extinguished or out as long as the magnet in the breaking contact circuit hold
the contacts open.
It is necessary to minimise the expenditure of electricity caused
by the magnets having to hold the contacts thus open. Therefore as soon as the
magnets have extinguished the lamps by breaking the contacts the Guard switches
a resistance into the controlling circuit, or he switches out part of the Battery
or he switches in a smaller Battery and switches out the large one or in some
convenient way he reduces the current which is used to work the magnet to a
much smaller current which is quite sufficient to hold the armatures of the magnets
to or in contact with their bobbins. When convenient I use a high resistance
magnet in which case there is no necessity to reduce the current.
By these means the expenditure of electricity in keeping the lamps extinguished
is exceedingly small and such that practically offers no objection to this system.
The lamp or lamps in the Guard's van are lit and extinguished if considered
advisable by the sanie methods as are used and described above for other vehicles
thus the Guard has ocular demonstration of what is going on in other vehicles and
is reminded in case the train enters a Tunnel without the Lamps being lit that
such is the case.
In case it is deemed advisable I arrange that both Guards have control over
the lighting arrangements through all or any part of a Train.
The contacts I use whether making or breaking are made of copper or phosphor
bronze or other conductible material and are sliding or otherwise or they may
be mercury contacts and the wires are copper or other conductible metal and
are of one or more strands and of such diameter as is most suitable for conveying
the electric current. And they are coated with silk or cotton or other suitable

page_text: insulating material of any convenient thickness. The magnets I use are of any
convenient size and power. In short the mechanical details have to be suited to the
electrical requirements.
Or instead of the foregoing arrangement I may find it convenient to fit up each
vehicle with its own electric lighting battery and wire circuit and lamps as above
described and a contact maker and breaker to be actuated by keys carried by the
Railway Officials in or on each vehicle and a battery and wires and switches in
the Guard's van as above described; and wires and connections through each vehicle
with a magnet to work a contact maker and breaker in each lighting circuit partly
as above described but instead of the contacts in the lighting circuits being. pulled
off or broken by the magnets and then making themselves again by means of springs
or weights when the magnet circuit is broken as above described I fix each magnet
to work a ratchet and pawl so that when the armature of the magnet is drawn to its
bobbin it turns the ratchet wheel through a given distance as may be previously
arranged. This ratchet wheel turns a cylinder which is made or is covered so that
part of its outside is a conductor and part a non-conductor of electricity. The out-
side of this cylinder rubs against or makes contact with two contact pieces not in
conjunction in the lighting circuit. Thus if the conducting part of the cylinder is
against the two contact pieces the lighting circuit is closed and vice versa. Thus the
lighting circuits are opened or closed by the magnets which are worked from the
Guard's van.
When the Guard has moved the switch which closes the controlling circuit which
runs through the train to the various magnets and they have broken (or closed as the
case may be) the lighting circuits the Guard lets go his switch lever and it flies
back by means of a spring or weight and breaks the controlling circuit again so that
there is no current running in the controlling circuit except when the magnets are
actuating the ratchets and pawls.
Instead of a ratchet and pawl I may use several well known mechanical arrange-
ments to break or make as is requisite the lighting circuits.
If however a vehicle (or more than one) electrically fitted is separated by accident
or otherwise from the controlling circuit then the lighting circuits remain closed if
closed and open if open. But if it is required that the action of separation shall at
all times close the lighting circuits in those vehicles which are separated from the
controlling circuit I put connections a wire or cord, or chain, hereinafter called "cords"
at each end of each vehicle which are coupled up together when the vehicles are
coupled up. Each of these cords actuates on being pulled a lever or other
contrivance which closes the lighting circuit if opened, thus the act of separation by
accident or otherwise lights the lamps if not already lit.
Instead of arranging the controlling circuit as above described I may find it advisable
to place the magnets in the circuit in the different vehicles that are coupled together
in parallel so that the current requisite to work one or any number of magnets in their
relative vehicles regulates itself. In this case the "holders" need not be made to
complete the controlling circuit at the end of the end vehicle because the circuit
completes itself through the magnet in that vehicle. I make the holders in this case
with simple sliding contacts by preference as all that is required is to provide for a
proper junction of the positive and negative wires in the controlling circuit between
vehicles electrically fitted which are coupled up-and also to provide that the holders
shall separate without damage if vehicles are uncoupled and come apart.
The following description of the accompanying Drawings will explain the above
mentioned mechanical details.
Fig. 1 represents a plan of a Guards van A and a passenger carriage B. b is the
Battery which is placed generally underneath the Guard's van in a suitable box fixed
to the underframe and either supported with springs or otherwise. ' is the battery
belonging to the passenger carriage and fixed in a similar way.
If convenient a battery may be placed inside the vehicle. The lines marked-.-.-
represent the lighting circuits when beneath vehicle. The lines marked-
repre-

page_text: sent the lighting circuit when in or on the vehicle. The lines marked
represent the controlling circuits. C. C represent the "local switches" and I, 1 the.
lamps in the lighting circuits. d, d represent the couplers in the controlling circuit.
m represents the magnet in the controlling circuits in the carriage which actuates the
5 lever or which actuates the breaking contact c¹ which is in the lighting circuit.
There may or may not be a magnet lever and breaking contact in the Guard's van
or in a Post Office van, the controlling circuit may be run right through them or
horse boxes or other vehicles where a breaking contact is not required and where a
lighting circuit and battery may or may not be.
Each vehicle may or may not have a controlling regulator x in it.
Figs. 2 and 3 represent one form of coupler with male and female or right and left
parts. r is the sliding rod fitting into the hole h in other coupler. w and w¹ represent
the controlling circuit wires, fastened to the conducting pieces p and pl when the
coupler from the next vehicle is joined to this coupler the rods r,r fit into the holes h, h
and the couplers are held together by the springs s, s fitting into the notches n, n all
the parts of one being duplicated by corresponding parts in the other. At the same
time the conducting spring pieces p, p force each other away from the conducting
pieces p¹ p¹ and then the pieces p, p of each vehicle make contact with the pieces p¹pl
respectively and thus a continuous + and circuit is made but if a coupler is at the
end of the controlling circuit the pieces p and p¹ make contact automatically as shown
in Fig. 2 and thus complete the controlling circuit. The springs 8, s are sufficiently
strong to hold the couplers together and weak enough to enable them to be easily put
together and also to come apart without damaging anything if the vehicles they are
attached to are uncoupled intentionally or come apart. d represents a link or chain
which fastens the coupler to a vehicle.
-
Figs. 4 5 and 6 represent another form of coupler. These couplers hook together
by means of the hooks h, h¹ passing into the holes or eyes e, e¹ and the weight of the
couplers and their connections keep them together as shown in Fig. 4 the controlling
circuit wires are contained in the tubes t, t¹.
The wires of the controlling circuit are shown at ww Figs. 4 and 5 the spring strip v
as shown touching the spring strip completing the circuit. When however the
couplers are brought together the spring strip of the opposite coupler separates v
and v making contact between itself and and through the insulating material y
destroying the contacts v and v¹ the current is thus carried from vehicle to vehicle as
before described in Fig. 2.
It
Fig. 7 represents a making and breaking contact switch in the Guard's van.
be two or three way if required and any convenient form of switch may be used
here, or in the lighting circuit in any vehicle.
may
Fig. 8 represents the breaking and making contact in the controlling circuit above
described. m represents a magnet which actuates the lever which makes or breaks
contacts c¹ by the end of the lever r¹. When a current of electricity is sent from the
Battery in the Guard's van through the controlling circuit c c the magnet
armature a is attracted to its bobbin m and is held there by a small reduced current as
long as the circuit is closed. The lever r is drawn down by the armature a and the
piece is withdrawn as shown in Fig. 8 from the contact pieces c¹ thus the lighting.
circuit 1, is broken and the lamps put out. When the controlling circuit is broken
the magnet m ceases to act and the spring s actuating the lever r forces the
piece between the contacts c¹ and completes the lighting circuit 1, 1 and the lamps
are lit.
A weight may be used instead of the spring s. c represents the local switch in
the lighting circuit.
Fig. 9 represents a ratchet r and pawl p. When the magnet m is actuated in
the controlling circuit c, c the armature a is attracted to its bobbin m and the
pawl p is drawn with it and rotates the ratchet wheel r which is attached to
and rotates the disc w. The pawl p is pressed against the ratchet wheel by the
spring &

page_text: The disc or cylinder w has pieces of conducting material g g which alternate with
pieces of non-conductible material round its surface-the body of the disc may be of
non-conductible material or the conductible pieces may be insulated and in any case
the opposite pieces are electrically connected. As the disc w is rotated each action of
the magnet m rotates the disc sufficiently to bring two opposite pieces of conducting
or non-conducting material opposite to and in contact with the two contact spring
pieces t t which are connected with the lighting circuit l, cl, c. Thus if an electric
current is sent through the controlling circuit c. c the magnet m actuates the disc w
as described and makes or breaks the lighting circuit as described.
When the guard (or official) has actuated the magnets and made or broken the
lighting circuits he breaks his controlling circuit and the magnet armature leaves its
bobbin by means of a spring or lever and weight and takes the position shown in Fig. 9
ready for the next operation.
By this means the Guard has full control over the lighting circuits to open or close
them in every vehicle electrically fitted and coupled up and no current of electricity
is running in the controlling circuit except during the actuating of the magnets.
In vehicles electrically fitted with a ratchet and pawl control arrangement the
Guard's key switch Fig. 1 is omitted the disc w Fig. 9 being actuated by the
Guard's key instead thus ensuring that discs win each of the vehicles electrically fitted
are all standing in the same position that is either making or breaking contact so that
when the Guard actuates all the magnets m by means of his controlling circuit the
whole of the lighting circuits in all of the vehicles will be either made or broken
together.
Fig. 10 shows a simple sliding wire contact in cross section the two wires w,
W¹
in the controlling circuit of one vehicle making contact with the two wires. in the
controlling circuit of the vehicle that it is coupled up to by means of the contact piece p.
in each coupler making contact with the corresponding and opposite spring contacts v.
and . Fig. 11. shows the two wires of a controlling circuit in a vehicle with the
magnet m. placed in parallel between them.
I do not bind myself to use these identical forms of couplers but claim the principle
'involved whereby the controlling circuit is carried continuously through them when
two couplers are coupled together but if a coupler is at the end of the controlling
circuit the circuit is automatically completed either through the holder or coupler or
through the magnet.
The mechanical means which I have described may be varied in very many different
ways without interfering with the objects of my Invention.
For instance any kind of Battery may be used which will give the necessary
power.
Magnets of any suitable size and shape may be used and the parts they actuate may
be varied.
The Local switches, and regulators and the Guard's switches may be varied also and
the wires may be of any type.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First: The arrangement of a complete lighting circuit in each vehicle that
has to be lighted with its Battery and Local switch with regulator or without
in conjunction with a controlling circuit as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
Secondly -The arrangement of a controlling circuit through a train or section of
a train enabling the Guard (or official) to break or close the lighting circuits in the
vehicles electrically fitted which are in the controlling circuit as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
:-
Thirdly The automatic closing of the Lighting circuits (that have their Local
switches closed) in all vehicles electrically fitted. When the controlling circuit

page_text: is broken either by the guard or by the action of separation from the Guard's
controlling circuit by slipping or breaking away as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
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Fourthly The ratchet and pawl or other arrangement whereby the Guard
can open or close all the lighting circuits in the vehicles so electrically fitted
which are in the controlling circuit as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Fifthly A coupler arrangement whereby when vehicles electrically fitted are
coupled up to a Guard's van the controlling circuit is carried continuously throughout
but the end coupler automatically closes and completes the controlling circuit as and
for the purposes herein before described.
Sixthly-The automatic closing of the controlling circuit through the magnet of the
end vehicle from the Guard's van and the placing of the magnets to work "in parallel"
as and for the purposes herein before described.
28th February 1887.
I. A. TIMMIS,
2, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.,
Applicant.