Improvements in Electric Lamp Shades as a Medium for Advertising.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Lamp Shades as a Medium for
Advertising.
I, THOMAS FROGGATT, of 55, Thomas Street, Kennington Park, London, S.E.,
File Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of the shades and
holders of incandescent electric lamps, the object of said improvements being that,
the same may be utilized as a system of advertising, and applies more particularly
to such lamps when employed for illuminating tramcars, omnibuses, and like
vehicles, when the current is derived from secondary batteries or accumulators
carried within the vehicle, or for railway trains when the current is derived from a
generator operated by the movements thereof, or otherwise.
In carrying my invention into effect I prefer to arrange the shade or lamp
holder in such a manner that, the base or such part thereof as is fixed against the
roof or other part of the vehicle, and to or upon which the incandescent lamp is
attached, shall be flat or concave upon the side facing the lamp, and may be plain
or faceted, and painted or glazed, or both, in some light tint, so as to form a
reflector, upon which I purpose to emboss, paint, write or otherwise display, an
advertisement or advertisements, so as to be seen and read at all times, but more
particularly when the lamp is alight or incandescent. A domed or other shaped
glass cover may be hinged or otherwise attached to said base so as to enclose the
Lamp, if desired.
The said shade and holder would preferably be larger in diameter than the
shades and holders in general use for such purposes, in order that a larger
advertising surface may be provided thereby, and the same may be employed for a
like purpose in connection with incandescent lamps when these occupy a position
upon stationery places, such as the walls or ceilings of public rooms, theatres or
other buildings, when the position thereof is such that, the advertisement may
be read.
Date LL
11000
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Little Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
:
Improvements in Electric Lamp Shades as a Medium for
Advertising.
I, THOMAS FRoggatt of 55 Thomas Street, Kennington Park, London S.E.,
File Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to improvements in holders and shades for incandescent
electric lamps, which I construct in such a manner that the base or back thereof,
(in the centre or thereabouts of which the lamp is fixed or placed) is sufficiently
large to permit an advertisement, or advertisements to be printed, written,
embossed or otherwise placed thereon surrounding said lamp, and to this I hinge or
otherwise connect a glass dome or shade enclosing the lamp and advertisement.

page_text: The wires connected to the terminals of the lamp are led through suitable apertures
in said base, so that when the whole is fixed to and upon the interior of the roof or
other part of an omnibus, tramcar or other like vehicle, the said wires may be led
to and connected with the terminals of a primary or secondary battery or batteries,
carried under the seat of the driver, or in some other convenient place upon the
vehicle. Or when the said and holder is employed for illuminating the carriages
of railway trains provided with an electric generator, this may be employed in lieu
of the said primary or secondary batteries, in which case suitable resistance coils
may be interposed within the circuit if needed, according to the voltage of the
lamps employed.
I do not confine myself to vehicles, nor to the roofs or any other particular part
of the said vehicles, whereon to fix the said lamps and holders, but may employ them
for the purposes stated, fixed upon the walls, ceilings or other stationery parts of
public rooms, theatres or other buildings or places, or to any convenient part of the
aforesaid vehicles where the position is such, that the said advertisement or
advertisements thereon may be read with equal facility whether the lamp be
incandescent or not. In all cases suitable switches would be provided in the
circuit of each lamp within easy reach of the driver, conductor or other attendant.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I have appended hereunto
a sheet of drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a front view of one method of arranging the said lamp and holder
according to my invention while Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same.
Fig. 3 is a like section illustrating an alternative position for the lamp.
Figs. 4 and 5 is a front and back view respectively of a further modification of
said lamp and holder as I prefer to make them when employed upon omnibuses
and similar vehicles for the dual purpose of illuminating the interior thereof and
giving light to the signal lamps of same.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of Figs. 4 and 5 taken upon the line A B.
In carrying my invention into effect when the lamp is intended to be used for
illuminating the whole of the interior of a vehicle, or other place, where the light
is required to be diffused or spread in all directions, I construct the same substan-
tially as shewn by Figs. 1 and 2 or Fig. 3, that is to say, I provide of wood or
other material a base or back A, the front or face of which would be more or less
convex, and this I paint or otherwise coat with a light color or colors and after-
wards glaze so as to form a reflector. In the centre of A I bore or otherwise
provide a hole, through which the base or holder of the lamp B is placed, as at
Figs. 1 and 2. To the back A is connected a, preferably, domed glass shade C,
the centre of which may be thickened as at C¹, in such a manner as to be capable
of concentrating the light coming directly from B, and diffusing the light reflected
from the glazed face of A. The said dome C may be framed and hinged to A, or
formed with an annular flange a as shewn, in which case a circular bead or
moulding D would be provided screwed or otherwise connected to A, so that
the flange a of C would be seated and held in the rabbet of D, as shewn in
Figs. 2. 3 and 6.
Upon the face of A, either before or after glazing, would be painted, embossed
or otherwise provided the desired advertisement, in the manner shown by Fig.
or any number of such advertisements as at Figs. 4, in the latter of which cases
may arrange that the ground of each advertisement is of a color differing from that
of its neighbours.
Or I may arrange the lamp B to occupy a position as at Fig. 3, in which case
the spike of the lamp and its terminal end would be held connected to A by the
means of looped wires b 6', or any other convenient means, or if lamps are
employed shaped otherwise than that shewn, by such means as may be most
suitable therefor.
The insulated leads being connected in any suitable manner with the terminals
of the lamp, would, in either case, be passed through holes in A to the back

page_text: thereof, so that when the lamp and holder is fixed in the desired position, these
may be connected to the + and terminals of the primary or secondary batteries
if these be employed, or the terminals of a dynamo where such be used for generating
the current.
In Figs. 4. 5 and 6 I illustrate the manner in which prefer to construct and
arrange the said lamp, holder and shade when employed upon the end or ends of
omnibuses and like vehicles for the dual purpose of illuminating the interior thereof,
and the signal lamps of same. In this method I may construct A of metal, and I
prefer that the advertisement face thereof should be more or less concave as at
Fig. 6, in order that the light may be concentrated upon the seat or seats upon
either or both sides of the vehicle. The lamp B in this type of holder is fixed into
an elongated holder E, through which the terminal wires are passed, suitable means
being employed for insulating these from each other and the holder E. A hole c
is formed in A in such a position, and at such an angle, that the holder E, when
fitted thereinto, permits the bulb of B to occupy the position shewn by Fig. 6, or
thereabouts. In this case a large hole e is provided in the centre of A, and
surrounding this upon the outer side of A, I fix a bullseye F, provided with a
lens G, and vertical guides d and d' for the reception of a colored glass H.
The holders and lamps thus arranged would be fixed upon the end or ends of
the vehicle, with the dome C inside, while the bulls-eye F would be presented
externally to form a signal light, and by means of the guides d d' any colored
glass H may be used, and changed when, and as often as required. The before
described location of the primary or secondary batteries, and the manner of con-
necting the lamp or lamps electrically therewith applies equally with this method.
By this means one lamp B serves the double purpose of internal and external
illumination, while the advertisements upon A would be always in view of the
passengers whether the lamp be incandescent or not. The advertising face of A
may be faceted if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. In an improved shade or holder for electric incandescent lamps, the herein
described combination of parts, and the alternative methods of constructing and
arranging the same, for the double purpose of illumination and the display of
advertisements, within and upon omnibuses and other vehicles, and other places,
connected and operating substantially as set forth and shewn by the accompanying
drawings.
2nd. In an improved shade and holder for electric incandescent lamps, for
illuminating and advertising purposes, the construction and use of a base or back A,
having a colored and glazed convex face for the reception of advertisements, and
provided with an incandescent lamp B fixed thereto as at Fig. 2, or as at Fig. 3,
or by any suitable equivalent means, and fitted with a glass dome C, thickened
at C¹, and hinged to A, or connected thereto by the means of flange a or C
embedded in the rabbet of a moulding D, screwed upon A, in combination with an
electric current derived from primary or secondary batteries carried upon the
vehicle to which the said lamp is fixed, or from a dynamo or other electric generator
when the lamp is used upon railway trains or other places, the whole connected
and operating substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn by
Figs. 1. 2 and 3 of the appended drawings.
3rd. In an improved shade and holder for incandescent electric lamps, and the
employment of same upon omnibuses and similar vehicles for advertising purposes,
and for illuminating the said vehicle internally and externally, consisting of a
base A, having a colored and glazed concave face for the reception of advertise-
ments, a dome C, thickened at C¹, moulding D, and lamp B, with holder E, fitting
into a hole c in A, with bullseye F, lens G and grooves d d for reception of a

page_text: -colored glass H, in combination with an electric current derived from primary or
secondary batteries carried upon the vehicles, substantially as described and shewn
by Figs. 4. 5 and 6 of the drawings annexed hereunto.
Dated this 24th day of February 1893.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.