Apartments Used for Turkish and Russian Baths.
Year: 1885

page_text: Apartments Used for Turkish and Russian Baths.
I, JAMES KEITH of 57 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London, Gas, Hydraulic,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention consists in applying steam heating apparatus of improved con-
struction and in a novel manner for heating apartments used for Turkish and
Russian Baths, in conjunction with arrangements for ventilating individual apart-
ments or the series of apartments in such a manner as to maintain the requisite
temperature of the air or the air and vapour in the several apartments.
To that end I fit within each of the several apartments to be heated and over or
around an orifice or orifices for the admission of air above the floor level a steam
heating and radiating apparatus of the construction hereinafter described or a
number of such apparatus for the purpose of suitably heating the air which is
admitted to the room, and I arrange a ventilating shaft or series of shafts having
connecting branches to the floors or other parts of each of the apartments in order
to draw off the heated and vitiated air.
The steam heating and radiating apparatus consists of a series of vertical tubes
which are screwed into a hollow base connected to a steam boiler, and which are
fitted by preference with central partitions, divisions or corrugations reaching
nearly to the closed upper ends of the tubes to provide for circulation of the steam
through the tubes. The tubes are by preference arranged in a series of concentric
circular rows and form an annular heating zone through which the air entering by
a central inlet in the floor must pass in its way into the apartment a suitable cover
being fitted on the top of the pipes to prevent the direct upward passage of the
inflowing air. In cases, however, where it may be more convenient to admit the
air through an orifice in a side wall or from a position in the floor adjoining a side
wall the steam heating radiator used may be of semi-circular form or of similar
form in plan and be placed against or over such orifice in such wise that the
inflowing air must pass through between the steam tubes of the radiator. The
temperature of the air in the series of apartments which form the Turkish or
Russian bath rooms is suitably graduated in the several apartments by fitting a
greater number of the radiators in the hot rooms than in those rooms in which the

page_text: air should be cooler and by fitting suitable air registers in the inlet orifices or in
the ventilating shafts so that the heated air may be drawn off at a higher rate from
the Tepidaria or cooler rooms, than from the Chaldaria or hot rooms. Air registers
or suitable valves may also be employed for temporarily preventing the outflow of
the heated air from any of the individual apartments.
The air may be drawn off by any suitable form of exhauster as for example a
fan or a ventilating shaft or chimney or the cold air may be forced into the inlets
through the radiators which serve to heat the air of the apartments in which they
are fitted by conduction and radiation.
The steam employed in heating the radiators may be returned to the steam
boiler by piping in the manner known as the gravity system, or the condensed.
steam may be passed up through suitable traps.

page_text: Improved System and Means for Heating and Ventilating
Apartments Used for Turkish and Russian Baths.
I, JAMES KEITH of 57 Holborn Viaduct, in the City of London, Gas, Hydraulic,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention consists in applying steam heating apparatus of improved con-
struction and in a novel manner for heating apartments used for Turkish and
Russian baths in conjunction with arrangements for ventilating individual apart-
ments or the series of apartments in such a manner as to maintain the requisito
temperature of the air, or the air and vapour in the several apartments.
To that end I fit within each of the several apartments to be heated and over or
around an orifice or orifices for the admission of air above the floor level a steam
heating and radiating apparatus of the construction hereinafter described or a
number of such apparatus for the purpose of suitably heating the air which is
admitted to the room, and I arrange a ventilating shaft or sories of shafts having
connecting branches to the floors or other parts of each of the apartments in order
to draw off the heated and vitiated air.
In the accompanying drawings figure 1 is a vertical section and figure 2 a
sectional plan of a series of chambers provided with the improved means for
heating and ventilating the same, and serving to illustrate an adaptation of my
system of heating and ventilating Turkish or Russian Bath Rooms; and figures 3
and 4, are respectively a vertical and a horizontal section, to a larger scale, of a
modification of improved steam heating and radiating apparatus employed in the
rooms and constituting part of my invention.
The heating and radiating apparatus consists as seen particularly in figures 3
and 4 of a series of vertical tubes A, A, which are screwed into a hollow base B,
connected to a steam boiler C, and which are fitted by preference with central
partitions or divisions a, reaching nearly to the closed upper ends of the tubes to
provide for circulation of the steam through the tubes, or for the like purpose the
tubes A may be formed with longitudinal ribs or corrugations whose ridges a¹
nearly meet in the centre of each tube as indicated at figure 5. The tubes A, are
by preference arranged in a series of concentric circular rows and form an annular
heating zone through which the air entering by a central inlet D, provided with
an air register E, in the floor of each chamber must pass in its way into the
apartment a suitable cover F being fitted on the top of the pipes to prevent the
direct upward passage of the inflowing air. In cases, however, where it may be
more convenient to admit the air through an orifice in a side wall or from a
position in the floor adjoining a side wall the steam heating radiator used may be
of semicircular form or of similar form in plan and placed against or over such
orifice in such wise that the inflowing air must pass through between the steam tubes
of the radiator. The temperature of the air in the series of apartments which form
the Turkish or Russian bath rooms is suitably graduated in the several apartments

page_text: by fitting a greater number of the radiators in the hot rooms than in those rooms
in which the air should be cooler.and by fitting suitable air registers in the inlet
orifices or in the ventilating shafts so that the heated air may be drawn off at a
higher rate from the Tepidaria or cooler rooms, than from the Chaldaria or hot
rooms. Thus, for example, in the apartment G, three radiators each provided with
an air register, are fitted for heating the inflowing air, while in the apartment H,
only one radiator is employed. A greater or less number of these improved
radiators or of similar radiating apparatus heated by steam may be used in the
several apartments. Air registers or suitable valves may also be employed for
temporarily preventing the outflow of the heated air from any of the individual
apartments..
The air may be drawn off by any suitable form of exhauster as for example a
fan or a ventilating shaft. In the example illustrated a chimney I, is shewn as
provided for drawing off the vitiated air from a tunnel J, communicating through
openings J, provided with air registers. in the floors of the apartments. Cold air
may however be forced into the inlets through the radiators which serve to heat
the air of the apartments in which they are fitted by conduction and radiation.
The steam employed in heating the radiators is led thereto from the boiler by
pipes K, provided with suitable branches and cocks or valves for each radiator and
it may be returned to the steam boiler by piping L, as shown, in the manner
known as the gravity system; or the condensed steam may be passed off through
suitable traps.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improved system of heating and ventilating apartments used as Russian
or Turkish Baths, substantially as herein described, with reference to the annexed
drawings.
2. In the heating and ventilating of apartments used as Russian or Turkish
Baths the employment of steam radiators for heating the inflowing air and the air
contained in the apartments in conjunction with means for regulating the inflow
of air and for drawing off the vitiated air from each of the several apartments,
substantially as herein described with reference to the drawings annexed.
3. As means for heating by conduction and radiation the air passing into and
that contained within the apartments of Russian or Turkish Baths, the improved
radiator herein described with reference to figures 3 and 4 of the annexed
drawings.
Dated this Thirteenth daw of At 1002