IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BAT ARKER A DEL S AND DARIENWARE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Macintyre, of Burslem, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
BAT
ARKER
A DEL S
AND DARIENWARE
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Macintyre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1863.
I, JANES MACINTYRE, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
do horoby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN CHINA AND EARTHENWARE,"
to bo as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of knobs and
other articles in china and earthenware.
Heretofore when making knobs and other articles in china and carthen-
ware of an oval or other form diverging more or less from a circular form it
has been customary to cast or préss them in suitably formed moulds, which
processes I find objectionable on account of the seams and inequalities of
substance produced at the joints of the moulds used to produce such
articles.
Now my Invention consists in giving the desired form to such knobs or
other articles, by turning after they have been formed, by throwing or other-
wise, and for the purpose of turning such articles I have found it convenient

page_text: to employ a lathe provided with a chuck capable of producing ovals of various
proportions, and of readily changing from such chuck to the circular chuck
when producing circular stems or other parts to such description of knobs or
other articles.
And in order that the articles produced may be of uniform size and shape,
I prefer to employ tools, the cutting edges of which are suitably formed to
produce the shapes desired, such tools being supported by guides and working
up to a stop, as heretofore practised when turning certain descriptions of circular
articles.
My Invention also consists in producing knobs, balls, handles, grips, hat
pins, and other similar articles, suitable for door furniture and other like uses,
of a recded, fluted, or other ornamental form by turning; for this purpose I
have found it convenient to employ a template of the form desired, mounted
upon one end of the spindle of the lathe head. This spindle at the end upon
which the template is mounted is supported by an arm capable of movement
upon an axis of motion, and the template is borne up to a pulley or follower
fixed to the framing of the lathe by a spring or other suitable means; the
template can be thrown out of action when it is desired to employ the lathe
for producing ordinary circular work. I do not however confine myself to the
details described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Macintyre in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MACINTYRE, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Macintyre, Her special licence that I, the
said James Macintyre, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Macintyre, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein oxpressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-

page_text: dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS AND OTHER
ARTICLES IN CHINA AND EARTHENWARE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Macintyre, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Macintyre, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of knobs and
other articles in china and earthenware.
Heretofore when making knobs and other articles in china and earthen-
ware of an oval or other form diverging more or less from a circular form
it has been customary to cast or press them in suitably formed moulds, which
processes I find objectionable on account of the seams and inequalities
of substance produced at the joints of the moulds used to produce such
articles.
Now my Invention consists in giving the desired form to such knobs or
other articles, by turning after they have been formed, by throwing or other-
wise, and for the purpose of turning such articles I have found it convenient
to employ a latho provided with a chuck capable of producing ovals of various
proportions, and of readily changing from such chuck to the circular chuck
when producing circular stems or other parts to such description of knobs or
other articles.
And in order that the articles produced may be of uniform size and shape,
I prefer to employ tools the cutting edges of which are suitably formed to
produco the shapes desired, such tools being supported by guides and working
up to a stop, as heretofore practised when turning certain descriptions of cir-
cular articles.
My Invention also consists in producing knobs, balls, handles, grips, hat
pins, and other similar articles, suitable for door furniture and other like uses,
of a reeded, fluted, or other ornamental form by turning; for this purpose I
have found it convenient to employ a template of the form desired mounted
upon one end of the spindle of the lathe head. This spindle at the end upon
which the template is mounted is supported by an arm capable of movement

page_text: upon an axis of motion, and the template is borne up to a puney or rower
fixed to the framing of the lathe by a spring or other suitable means; the
template can be thrown out of action when it is desired to employ the lathe
for producing ordinary circular work.
I do not however confine myself to the details described; but in order that
the nature of my Invention may be more fully understood, I will proceed,
aided by the accompanying Drawings, to describe the means I have found to
answer in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front view, Figure 2 a sectional end view, and
Figure 3 a plan of a lathe head and parts connected therewith suitable for
carrying out the first part of my Invention.
a, a, is a spindle or mandril supported in bearings formed in the casting b,
and receiving motion from the crank shaft c by a strap or band passing partly
around the pulley a' and partly around the pulley c¹; motion is communicated
to the crank shaft c by the treadle d, or by other suitable means, or the pulley
a¹ may receive motion by a strap or band from steam engine or other
suitable power. On the spindle or mandril a is ed the chuck e, provided
with V guides, between which the slider f is moved to and fro by means of the
lugs or projections f thereon embracing the outer surface of the annular
ring g, which is fixed in a position more or less excentric to the spindle or
mandril a according to the excentricity of the oval or ellipse desired to be
given to the knob or other article. f is a chuck screwed to the slider f; upon
it is secured the piece of prepared "clay" or "body" to be turned. The
form of the chuck f will vary with the description of article desired to be
turned. The spindle or mandril a is capable of being slided in the direction
of its length when it is desired to change from circular to elliptical or oval
turning, or vice versa. For the purpose of securing the mandril a in the
position desired there are provided two clips h, h', which fall into grooves a², a³,
provided for them on the shaft or mandril a; i is a lever handle having slots i²,
into which the ends h², h³, of the clips h, h', pass, and thereby lock the shaft
or mandril in the position required for turning either circular or elliptical
articles as desired. When turning circular articles or circular stems to knobs
having oval or elliptical heads, the mandril a is slided forward until the lugs
or projections f,f¹, are clear of the annular ring 9, and the clip h¹ is caused
to fall into the groove a³, and the slider f is fixed in a central position, or with
its centre in a line with the centre of the mandril a, by the bolt j passing
into a hole formed in the projection; on the slider f. Previous to fixing a

page_text: piece of prepared earthenware or china clay on the chuck f², a rough approxi-
mation to the form and size desired is given thereto by throwing or other
suitable means. In order that the articles turned may be of uniform size and
shape, I prefer to employ a tool k, the cutting edge of which is suitably formed
to produce the shape desired; the cutting tool or "profile" k is secured in a
holder k, supported in a rest . k* is a stop on the holder k', for the
purpose
of ensuring the tool always working up to the same point, thereby obtaining
uniformity of size and shape to the articles turned. Figures 4 show two
views of a cutting tool or "profile" k formed as above described; it will be
seen by reference to the Drawings that this tool only gives form to the head
of the knob, whilst another tool or "profile," which is conveniently held in
the hand, gives form to the stem. Figures 5 and 6 show two views of a knob
turned as above described.
Figure 7 is a front view, Figure 8 a sectional end view, and Figure 9 a
plan of a lathe head and parts connected therewith suitable for turning articles
according to the second part of my Invention.
a, a, is the spindle or mandril of the lathe, which it will be seen is formed
at one end into a pivot; this pivot is supported in a socket formed in the rod b,
passing through the casting c; the other end of this mandril a is supported
in a bearing formed in one end of a lever d, which is capable of rocking upon
a centre of motion at d. When it is desired to turn plain circular work, the
lover catch e is brought down in the position shown in the Drawing by black
lines, and in that position it will be seen that the part e effectually locks the
upper end of the lever d to prevent motion thereto, but when an
ornamental form is to be given to the article then the lever catch o is
raised into the position shown in red lines, thereby setting free the lever d,
and permitting a vibratory motion being imparted to it and consequently
to the spindle or mandril a, by means of a rose plate or template f, which
is fixed on the mandril a, being borne up to the fixed roller or pulley g by
the spring acting upon the upper end of the lever d; the force exerted
by the spring his capable of adjustment by means of the screw h¹. The
cone pulley a' is employed for giving motion to the mandril a when circular
work is being produced, and receives motion by a gut or band passing
partly around it and partly around the grooved wheel i. The pulley a² is
employed to give motion to the mandril a when ornamental work is being
turned, and receives motion by a gut or band from the pulley . Figures 10
and 11 represent two views of a knob turned by means of the rose plate or
template f; other forms may however be turned by varying the shape of
the roso plate or template f. Figures 12 show two views of the cutting

page_text: tool to a larger scale; other forms may however be employed. In some
cases I find it convenient to support the mandril a at each end by a lever d,
these levers being cast in one, and rocking upon the same centre of motion,
so that the mandril a may have a vibratory motion given to it in a parallel
direction.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it
understood that I do not claim the mechanical parts separately considered,
nor do I confine myself to the precise details shown and described, but what I
do claim is,-
First, the manufacture of knobs and other articles in china and earthenware
of an oval or other form diverging more or less from a circular form by turning,
in manner substantially as described.
And, secondly, I claim the manufacture of knobs, balls, handles, grips,
hat pins, and other similar articles, suitable for door furniture and other
like uses, of a reeded, fluted, or other ornamental form by turning, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Macintyre, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JAMES MACINTYRE. (L.S.)