matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Boyce Lecky and William Hugh Smyth, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of " NEW
OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES."
Seated the 8th December 1876, and dated the 8th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Boyce Lecky and
William Hugh Smyth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th
October 1878.
FRANCIS BOYCE LECKY and WILLIAM HUGH SMYTH, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain. "NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOLES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of soles for
boots, shoes, sandals, and similar articles, has for its object the manufacture by
machinery of soles from material such as jute, hemp, flax, and analogous fibrous
substances.
For the purpose of constructing soles of the materials aforesaid, the said materials
are put together into the form of a flat plait or band. A portion of such flat plait
or band sufficient to form a sole is wound upon a cylindrical, oval, or equivalently
shaped body, in which at points diametrically opposite to each other are carried the
sewing apparatus of a sewing machine. When the requisite quantity of such
material is wound upon the circular, oval, or equivalently shaped body, the sewing
mechanism thereon is put into action, and the coil of fibrous material is thereby sewn
together at two diametrically opposite points, these points when the sole is finished
being situate at the heel and toe portions of the sole respectively.
In order to convert the coil of fibrous material into the shape of a sole, it is
placed in a press formed with moulds, which when the power of the press is applied
T

page_text: thereto squeeze and retain the fibrous material in the shape of a sole. The moulds
with the fibrous material contained therein are then removed from the press and
placed in a hollow or equivalent receptacle formed in or on a sewing machine to
receive the said moulds. As it is essential that the compressed fibrous material be
sewn through transversely to their thickness, or, in other words, in the direction of
their width, the stroke of the sewing machine needle is necessarily a long one. The
longer sides of the moulds are formed with a slot or opening of the length of the
sole for the purpose of allowing the needle of the sewing machine to pass into and
out of the sole to be or being sewn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Whatley Tyler, of Wyvenhoe Hall, near Colchester,
in the County of Essex, Knight, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING."
aled the 10th January 1879, and dated the 12th November 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Whatley Tyler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1878.
HENRY WHATLEY TYLER, of Wyvenhoe Hall, near Colchester, in the County of
Essex, Knight.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC
LIGHTING."
According to my present Invention I employ for the purpose of electric lighting
a substance such as carbon, platinum, or other material or combination of materials,
which, in offering a certain resistance to the passage of the electric current, however
produced, becomes heated so as to give out heat or light, and these substances or
combination of substances I enclose within another substance or combination of
substances, constituting a casing of a refractory nature, such as German glass, rock
crystal, glaze, fireclay, or steatite, which shall either be sufficiently transparent to
allow of the light of the incandescent charcoal or other substance passing through
them, or shall themselves be rendered incandescent by the heat of the interior sub-
stance, and shall thus constitute the means of affording light. By such refractory
outer casing the carbon or other. material forming the conductor is prevented from
burning away or being destroyed, while it allows of the passage of a continuous
current and facilitates the employment of a greater number of lights on one circuit
than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CON- FECTIONERY.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Holloway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
CHARLES THOMAS HOLLOWAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturing Confectioner. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CON-
FECTIONERY.'
"
"
These improvements refer to articles of confectionery known as pan goods, and
consist in printing letters, figures, or devices upon the surfaces of these goods,
after they have been formed. in the ordinary way and have become hard, and is
effected by means of stamps carrying the colour, these stamps being made flexible
so as to give way to the form of the article that is being printed upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE EYES OF HOES, PICKS, PICKAXES, AND OTHER TOOLS OR IMPLEMENTS OF LIKE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Parkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1878. .
FRANK PARKES, of the Firm of Arthur and Frank Parkes and Company, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF THE EYES OF HOES, PICKS, PICKAXES, AND OTHER TOOLS OR
IMPLEMENTS OF LIKE MANUFACTURE."
My Invention has reference to the manufacture of the eyes of hoes, picks, pick-
axes, and other tools or implements, that is, the hollow or tubular parts in which
the wooden handles of the tools or implements are fixed, and my said Invention
consists in manufacturing the eyes of the said tools or implements by the process
or series of processes herein-after described.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a hoe. I take an
oblong "mould" or blank, by preference somewhat thinner and broader than an
ordinary blank, and after heating it subject it to the operation of a pair of tools
worked by a stamp. By the action of these tools depressions are made on one face
of the blank and on each side the middle line of the blank, as usual, so as to leave
a rib of the full thickness or nearly so of the blank.
The said tools also form a raised circular disc on the face of the blank opposite
that having the rib.
By the action of a second pair of stamping tools the circular disc is raised or cupped
into a nearly hemispherical figure.
By another pair of tools the bottom of the cup is pierced, and the piercing formed
is expanded by a conical tool, and the hemispherical cup is thus made into an eye
of the required form.
The finishing of the hoe is effected in the ordinary manner.
I prefer to work the tools by which the eye is made by means of a stamp, but
they may be worked by means of a press with nearly the same effect.
I prefer to perform the series of operations described at one heating of the blank,
but where necessary the blank may be reheated.
The application of my Invention to the manufacture of the eyes of picks, pick-
axes, and other tools or implements of like manufacture differs in no essential
77

page_text: respect from its application to the manufacture of the eyes of hoes herein-before
described, such modifications only being made as the particular tool or implement to
be manufactured requires.
The stamp or press and the stamping or pressing tools I employ are similar to
those ordinarily employed for like purposes, the tools having the shape suitable for
the particular article to be manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING HOP BINES, STRAW, REEDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE STALKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arthur Drake and Richard
Muirhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October
1878.
JAMES ARTHUR DRAKE and RICHARD MUIRHEAD, both of Maidstone, in the
County of Kent, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING HOP BINES, STRAW, REEDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE STALKS."
This Invention has for object improvements in machinery or apparatus for
cutting hop bines, straw, reeds, and other similar vegetable stalks. Our improve-
ments are designed to give an intermittent feed so that the feed may take place
between and not during the cuts. For this purpose we provide feed rollers suitably
geared and having parts of their circumferences furnished with grooves or projecting
teeth, and the remainder plain or of smaller diameter than the other parts, so that
whilst the plain surfaces or smaller diameters of the feed rollers are travelling in
juxtaposition or opposite each other the feed will be arrested.
In carrying out our Invention the upper feed roller may be furnished with
longitudinal ribs (triangular in section) projecting beyond the circle for about one-
third of the circumference of the roller, and the lower roller may have grooves or
flutes corresponding to the projections of the upper one, both rollers being geared
together and making two revolutions to one of the knife wheel.
The axis of the one roller is arranged so that it will somewhat recede from the
other roller when requisite to allow of the passage between the rollers of the sub-
stance to be cut. In conjunction with our improved feed rollers, as described, we
provide other rollers for guiding the substance to be cut as it is being drawn in by
the feed rollers.
Our Invention also relates to an improved arrangement of cutting mechanism.
We mount a knife blade of any suitable shape upon a bar or connecting rod, one
end of which embraces or is coupled to the pin of a rotating crank, the other end
T7077

page_text: being carried by a vibrating link, or by a slide block sliding between suitable guides.
Our intermittent feed rollers above described are connected to the crank shaft by
bevil gearing. On the crank being rotated motion is communicated to the knife
and feed rollers, the substance to be cut being fed forward during the upward motion
of the knife, and cut through by its downward motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUNGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phineas Lawrence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1878.
PHINEAS LAWRENCE, of Viaduct Works, Farringdon Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUNGS."
This Invention relates to the filling bungs of casks, barrels, kegs, and the like, or
combined bungs and vents; and consists in a bung and bung-socket made principally
of metal, and baving combined with them a pivoted bung locking bar, which also
serves to open and close the vent through the bung without removing the latter.
According to my Invention the bung-socket is so contrived as to screw into the
cask or other like receptacle, and to form the opening through which the cask is
filled. This socket is formed with an internally projecting seat, which may be
faced with india rubber or other soft and elastic packing, against which the bung
or valve bears, and closely fits when closed. This valve or bung is a metal disc,
and may be removable from its socket when required to open the latter, or it may
be attached thereto by a hinge-joint to prevent its being lost when opening the
socket and to facilitate the closing of the same.
On the face of the socket or on other part thereof outside the seat are internally
arranged flange-sections, through which the bung is free to pass when being closed
or opened. These flange sections have on their inner faces reverse incline planes
for a portion of their length, and are separated from one another by openings in the
socket, through which the ends of a locking bar attached to the bung are free to
pass when opening and closing the bung. This locking-bar is pivoted by a rivet or
screw to the outside of the bung so that it may be turned by a key so as to bring
its ends either in a line with the openings or to pass such ends under the locking
flange sections of the bung-socket accordingly as it is required to open or close and
to lock or to unlock the bung. The locking bar is also made to to form a vent opener
and closer for admitting or shutting off air to the interior of the cask without
opening or closing the bung. The bung has also a vent hole through it, so arranged
that when the bung is closed and the bar turned to fully lock the bung the vent is
closed by the bar, but when the bar is partially turned back, not sufficiently so
however to admit of the opening of the bung, then the vent is open to the air.

page_text: To ensure a perfect closing action of the vent by the locking-bar such bar may
be provided with a suitable elastic packing arranged within a cavity in its inner
side or face, and so as to cover or close the vent when brought in line with it by
the turning of the bar.
In a modified arrangement the locking bar may have a hole in it to provide a 5
vent by bringing the said hole opposite to the vent hole in the bung without
removing the bar entirely off the said vent; and the vent hole in the locking bar
might be made to communicate by a pipe with a faucet, so constructed as to provide
a vent whenever the faucet is opened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES KNOWN AS BICYCLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Lafargue at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1878.
_ALPHONSE LAFARGUE, of 5, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES KNOWN AS BICYCLES."
The object of the first part of this Invention is to construct bicycles so that when
they are stationary they may stand of themselves; this I propose to effect by
making the back wheel in two parts or halves, so that when they are separated they
form two distinct wheels.
The axle is formed in such a way that when the bicycle is standing still the two
parts or halves of the wheel shall be separate, one half being at or near each end of
the axle, at sufficient distance apart to make the bicycle stand alone, thus forming a
tricycle, but when the bicycle is running the two halves of the aforesaid divided
wheel shall come together and form one wheel. This may be effected by cutting a
right-handed screw on one half of the axle, and a left-handed screw on the other
half, so that the fact of the two half wheels turning will bring them together and
thus form one wheel, when the velocipede will run on two points and be an ordinary
bicycle.
.
In order to separate the wheel into two halves a spring or other contrivance is
fitted so as to force the saine asunder when the bicycle is not running or the weight
is taken off the back wheel, or if the bicycle is backed the wheel will separate of
itself.
Bicycles constructed as above may if desired be run on tricycles by having a
suitable contrivance for keeping the two halves of the back wheel asunder when
running instead of allowing them to come together as before described.
The object of the second part of this Invention is to form the treadle so as to
give a better foothold than heretofore, and at the same time to be less fatiguing to
the rider. This I propose to effect by fitting the treadle with hollow india-rubber
of a spherical form by preference, so as to give elasticity and a firm hold for the
foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BURRS FROM AND OTHERWISE TREATING SKINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1878.
JOHN BAIRD, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING BURRS FROM AND OTHERWISE
TREATING SKINS."
This Invention has for its object the removal of burrs from skins in an expe-
ditious manner, and so as to avoid as much as possible the injuring of the skins, or
the wool or other. fibre or hair on them. The improved apparatus may also be
advantageously used for treating skins so as to straighten or comb out the wool or
hair thereon.
In the improved apparatus there is mounted at one end of a horizontal rectangular
framing a transverse horizontal shaft, which is driven at a considerable velocity, and
which has fast on it a roller or cylinder armed with four or other suitable number
of rows of teeth of a peculiar short thick form, with slightly hooked or bended
points to throw out the burrs. In the spaces between the rows of teeth referred to
there are fixed on the roller a number of broad comparatively thin teeth, having
rounded ends in shape like the external form of a wire staple. These thin teeth are
fixed with their flat sides parallel to the ends of the roller or cylinder. The skin is
presented to the roller or cylinder by means of apparatus herein-after described, and
the thin teeth open or divide the wool or fibres, and the other teeth strike out the
burrs. The skin is carried by a movable slide or frame mounted in guides or other-
wise, so that it can be moved towards or from the rotating toothed roller by means
of levers, or cranks, or eccentrics. At the upper part of the movable frame there is
carried a roller or perch, to which one end of the skin is fixed by a rod and catches,
and on which the skin is rolled by means of a hand wheel. There is by preference
a hand wheel at each end of the roller to admit of its being turned from either side
of the machine. At a part of the movable frame facing the rotating toothed roller
there are fixed a number of curved blade springs, which when the frame is moved
forward press the skin against the toothed roller, but each spring can yield inde-
pendently of the others, so that the skin will not be injured in consequence of its
inequalities. The movable frame is also fitted with one or two mainsprings, which
CD 017

page_text: allow it to yield backwards as a whole when necessary. When the machine is in
operation the workman allows the skin to unwind from the upper roller or perch, or
winds it up as he finds it necessary.
When the apparatus is to be used for simply combing out the wool or hair on a
skin, there is substituted for the toothed roller, hereinbefore described, a roller
with teeth of one kind, namely, the comparatively thin rounded teeth set edge-
ways
A NOVEL APPARATUS FOR UNITING DRIVING REINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878. A communication
from abroad by Auguste Masson, of Maromme (Seine Inférieure), France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NOVEL APPARATUS FOR UNITING DRIVING REINS."
A communication from abroad by Auguste Masson, of Maromme (Seine
Inférieure), France.
This Invention relates to an instrument or apparatus, the object of which is to
unite the reins of a horse exactly in the middle, and to thus retain them so that if
the reins should escape from the hands of the driver he may seize them again
without danger of causing the horse to swerve, as often happens when the reins
are suddenly seized again, for in this case they are caught up sharply and forcibly,
and accordingly as they are seized, they are heavily pulled or jerked to the right
or to the left, and many accidents arise from the horse being thus involuntarily
made to swerve or diverge from the proper line; with the rein clip, catch, or
holder of this Invention this will not happen, because the hand will always
naturally come upon the clip, and the horse is not directed out of the desired
course. In addition to the above advantage this rein clip also gives the driver ease
and security.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, Figure 1 is a plan view of a rein clip or
catch embodying this Invention; Figure 2, a front view of same open; and Figure 3,
side view of same closed.
C, passage for the reins; D, screw pressing upon the reins in the clip; E, hinge
for opening clip; F, screw for keeping the clip closed and which may be replaced by
any suitable fastening.
The clip consists of the box C made of bronze or any suitable metal, the two
extreme ends being open for the passage of the reins, which slide in it until it is
desired to fix them, which is done by means of the screw D.
In order to render this rein clip more convenient and not to be obliged to pass
the reins through the ends, I may open the box by hinging one of its plates at E,
בד

page_text: so that the reins may be laid in the box instead of sliding them from one end to
the other, which takes time, and should always be done before the horse is put to
the vehicle. By this mode of constructing the rein clip, that is to say, opening the
box by means of a hinge, the operation is effected instantaneously, when, the
harnessing and putting to being completed, the driver mounts to his seat.
The screw F is added to the box for the purpose of closing this hinged piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Peter Cherry and Charles Edwin Cherry, both of
Porter Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Peter Cherry and
Charles Edwin Cherry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
18th December 1878.
WALTER PETER CHERRY and CHARLES EDWIN CHERRY, both of Porter Street,
"IMPROVEMENTS
Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of York.
BURNERS."
IN LAMP
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of burners having two wick
tubes and two sets of gripping racks and lifting gear.
It consists in so arranging the two sets of gripping racks and lifting gear in such
a manner that two wicks are raised and lowered simultaneously by one operation
instead of two as in the ordinary manner.
It also consists in forming a junction tube at the upper part of the two wick
tubes, so as to bring the two wicks into one tube to form one single flame, the two
wicks allowing a greater supply of oil to the flame than as if one wick were
employed.
For this purpose we so arrange the two sets of gripping racks with their teeth
working one within the other, one set being mounted with a spindle and handle
suffices to turn the two racks, and thus raise and lower the two wicks simul-
taneously at one operation, as if two sets of racks with their spindle and handle
were employed. When it is desired to bring the two wicks together so as to
produce one flame we form a junction tube at the upper part of the two wick tubes,
with easy curves to allow the wicks to work freely.

page_text: Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that what we claim as our
Invention is,
First. The construction and arrangement of mechanism for working the wicks,
substantially as herein-before described and represented at Figures 1, 2, and 3 on the
accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The construction and arrangement for producing one flame by the aid of
two wicks, substantially as hereinbefore described and represented at Figure 4 on
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Walter Peter Cherry and Charles Edwin
Cherry, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
TITTED
Dחנת
CITEDDY
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF WASHING FELTED CARPETS, CLOTHS, WOOL, WORSTED, SKIRTINGS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS FOR DYERS' OR BREWERS' VATS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Barraclough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1878.
ALRERT BARRACLOUGH, of Heckmondwike, in the County of York, Plumber and
Brazier. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER OR
OTHER LIQUIDS USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF WASHING FELTED CARPETS, CLOTHS,
WOOL, WORSTED, SKIRTINGS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR HEATING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS FOR DYERS' OR BREWERS' VATS AND
SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object the saving of the expense and construction of
separate cisterns for containing hot or heated water which have heretofore been
employed in the process of washing goods either in the piece or the fibre, which
process has not only been costly, but the required temperature has had to be
obtained by running cold water into a separate cistern, and then heating it by
steam and passing it from thence to the washer and hydro-extractor, which has
necessarily consumed a great quantity of water.
Now my Invention consists in fixing or attaching the pipe or pipes for supplying
cold water (and which have before been connected with the intermediate cistern or
cisterns) direct to cither the washer or hydro-extractor, and placing within the said
pipe or pipes another pipe through which steam is forced or made to pass,
and I perforate this latter pipe with a number of holes through which the steam
escapes, and thereby heats the water passing through the first mentioned pipe or
pipes to any required degree, and I make the said perforators on an incline pointing
to the same direction as the flow of water by which means the same is propelled or
forced along, and consequently greater dash or force is given on to the carpet, fabric,
or fibre, in the process of washing; should cold water only be required the attendant
has only to shut off the tap or cock connected with the inlet of the steam, and so
prevent its acting upon the water to heat the same.

page_text: It has also been customary for brewers and dyers to fill their vats or cisterns first
with cold water, and if such was required to be heated it was done by steam or
other agency after they have been filled, or the desired quantity placed in them;
now it will be seen that by the use of my Invention the water or liquid can be
heated at the same time that it is passing into either of the before-mentioned
-vessels;-and-also. that.a.continuous supply of hot water can be maintained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1878. A communication
from Messrs. Versell & Co., Machine Makers, residing in the Town of Chur, in
the Republic of Switzerland.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF
CUTTING MACHINES." [A communication from Messrs. Versell & Co., Machine
Makers, residing in the Town of Chur, in the Republic of Switzerland.]
These improvements relate to machines by which the length of the material cut
can be very easily regulated and several lengths cut on one machine, as may be
desired.
The worm has an intermittent thread divided into four equal parts; two of these
are inclined planes; the other two are at right angles to the axle and arranged in
such a manner that the corresponding parts on each side are alike. The shaft-
axle carries a wheel with two knives. With the said worm are geared three
tooth wheels, the smallest wheel being provided with a disengaging or regulating
lever. This wheel, which has clutch teeth, is held by a feather to the axle of the
lower straw roller, and can be caused to slide at will, in such a manner that its
clutch teeth will engage with either of the other of the said wheels.
If the said axle and the worm attached to the same are put in motion, the three
toothed wheels must follow the motion of the said worm; the two last-named
toothed wheels run loosely in the axle, which at the same time is the axle of the
lower straw roller. The said small wheel on the other hand is compelled by the
feather to transmit its motion to the said axle and to the straw roller; this move-
ment is communicated to the top straw roller by other tooth wheels. Thus the
material which is between these rollers is moved forward as they turn, this move-
ment being effected between each cut. The said knives cut when the level part of
the worm is gearing in the toothed wheels, and the rollers are therefore standing
still.
The said three wheels should bear the proportions of 7, 15, and 24 to each other,
and their being two knives the cuts will be 14, 30, 48, to one revolution of the
straw rollers.

page_text: The said regulating lever can be moved when the machine is at work, and held
fast in the desired positions.
This machine differs from all others in having only a rotary motion and in one
direction.
In a modified form of the aforesaid gearing the axle of the lower straw roller is
made hollow and receives a round iron bar provided with a ring at one end. The
said axle is slotted, and a pin fastened to the said bar runs in the same, this pin
being rivetted to the said small wheel.
The rod is held in gear with either of the three wheels by a pin passed into
either of three holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW OR OBLIQUE-BLADED PROPELLERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Blair at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1878.
ANDREW BLAIR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW OR OBLIQUE-BLADED PROPELLERS."
This Invention has for its object to render screw or oblique-bladed propellers
more efficient than as hitherto constructed.
In carrying out the Invention the blades are by preference made separately from
the boss, and are fixed by bolts or otherwise on two diametrically opposite arms of
a short strong form cast on the boss. There are two blade pieces, but they are
attached so as to present the appearance of four blades.
Each blade piece is of an oblong form, and is attached by its middle at right
angles to its arm, the radial part at the line of attachment being either at right
angles or slightly inclined to the shaft, whilst the longitudinal centre line of each
blade, which line is at right angles to the arm, is inclined to a plane at right angles
to the shaft.
Each blade piece is of a twisted form, and its outline may be rectilinear or
curved.
The two blade pieces are set in reverse positions on their arms, like the blades of
an ordinary two-bladed screw, but present four propelling surfaces, two of which
are a certain distance behind the other two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BY MEANS OF LAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Marcius Silber, of No. 49, Whitecross Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BY MEANS OF LAMPS."
Sealed the 16th April 1878, and dated the 16th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Marcius Silber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1878.
ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of No. 49, Whitecross Street, in the City of London,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BY MEANS OF
LAMPS."
My Invention relates to apparatus applicable to lamps for the purpose of rapidly
and readily hiding or displaying their light, so that durations, repetitions, or com-
binations of intervals of light and darkness may be employed to indicate signals
according to any preconcerted code.
In applying my Invention to a lantern lamp of the larger kind, such as is used on
shipboard, I employ apparatus of the following construction:-I provide an opaque
cylindrical casing enclosing the flame, and I divide this casing vertically into three
parts or sections, a back part which remains always stationary behind the flame,
and which serves as a reflector, and two parts, one hinged at each edge of the back
part, so that they can be folded back like doors, one on each side. When these
doors are closed, meeting together in front of the flame, they completely shroud it,
but when they are folded back they leave it exposed round the greater part of its
circumference. On the spindles which form the hinges of these doors I fix pinions
gearing with a pair of racks which are connected to a knob or handle projecting at
the back of the lantern. On working this knob or handle to and fro by hand the
Price 2d1

page_text: light is shrouded and displayed, and in order to facilitate this working I provide
the handle with a spring of sufficient force to move the doors in one direction, the
pull or push of the operator's hand effecting the movement in the opposite
direction.
For a lantern lamp of the smaller kind, such as is carried in the hand, I adopt the
following arrangement:-Behind the flame I fix a concave reflector, and in front of
the flame I fix a conoidal reflecting tube, terminating in an exterior glass or lens.
In the upper part of the lantern I mount a rocking spindle, from which an arm
extends downwards, carrying an opaque disc or screen. Another arm on the spindle
is presented as a knob or key at the upper part of the lantern handle, so that it can
be readily pressed on by the thumb or finger of the person carrying the lantern, a
spring being provided to effect its back stroke when it is relieved from the manual
pressure. The spindle being caused to rock in its bearings, the screen carried by
its front arm is moved so as to cover the aperture of the conoidal tube, thereby
entirely shrouding the light, or to uncover the said aperture, permitting the full
light to shine through the glass or lens.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LOCKETS, WATCHES, BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Tutcur at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1878.
MAX TUTEUR, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturing
Wholesale Jeweller. "A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LOCKETS, WATCHES,
BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to a new or improved fastening for lockets, watchies, bags,
and other articles.
The fastening consists of two projecting pins on the inner faces of the two legs
or prongs of a "bow," such as is fitted on one part of a locket frame, and by which
the locket is suspended. The two pins pass through apertures in the two side walls
of a square-shaped projection on the locket case, and meet at about midway in a
central opening in one face of the projection, said opening being formed for the
reception of a catch plate on the other part or frame of the locket as to be enclosed
therein. This catch plate has a hole in it, and when the "bow" is moved into a
vertical position the two pins spring into the hole in the catch, plate and hold it
firmly, thereby securing the two frames of the locket together. The two pins just
referred to form fulcrum pins on which the "bow" can be moved as a centre from
a vertical to a horizontal position, and vice versa, and they never entirely leave the
boles of the square-shaped piece, their play being limited by two studs also on the
bow, which studs ride in and out of recesses formed in the side of the square-shaped
projection just above the holes in which the pins move.
The length of the studs determine the distance the bow shall open as to free the
catch plate, and a rounded corner on one side of the bow legs enables the bow to be
moved into a horizontal position in one direction only.

page_text: When the bow is turned downwards to release the catch plate the studs ride out
of the recesses and upon the flat portion of the square-shaped piece.
I have described this Invention as applied to a locket, but it is applicable to
watches, bags, and other articles that require a temporary fastening, and the
'fastening may be effected by moving the bow into a horizontal position.
'
AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO HAND AND SELF-ACTING MULE SPINNING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hendry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1878. A communication from abroad
by Hugh Hendry, of Newark, in the State of New Jersey, in the United
States of America.
JAMES HENDRY, of Partick, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Writer.
"AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO HAND AND SELF-ACTING MULE SPINNING
MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Hugh Hendry, of Newark, in the
State of New Jersey, in the United States of America.
This Invention, which is an improvement applicable to hand and self-acting mule
spinning machines, is for the purpose of detecting and breaking out lumps, thick
pieces, and other irregularities on the yarn before it is wound on to the cops.
This purpose is accomplished by passing the yarn through slits or cuts, which
are only large enough to pass the yarn when it is of the proper thickness or
character.
The "detector plate" constituting the Invention is that wherein the slits or cuts
are situated, and it is caused to traverse, in order to suit the varying diameter of
the cops, at the point of winding, thereby preventing the yarn from rubbing hard
on either side of the slits or cuts.
The "detector plate" is kept at right angles to the line of the yarn whilst the
yarn is passing through it.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PLACARD OR ADVERTISING FRAME FOR INDICATING ADDRESSES AND OTHER INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Joseph Thirion and Henri
Augustin Le Vavasseur de Pontigny at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 18th March 1878.
AUGUSTE JOSEPH THIRION and HENRI AUGUSTIN LE VAVASSEUR DE PONTIGNY,
of Quai de la Megisserie, 10, Paris. "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PLACARD OR
ADVERTISING FRAME FOR INDICATING ADDRESSES AND OTHER INFORMATION TO
THE PUBLIC."
Our Invention relates to means of publicly indicating, by a mural dictionary or
indicative plate suspended on a wall in a popular or frequented quarter, addresses
of the warehouses, factories, shops, professional persons, houses or apartments to let,
exhibitions, offices, and the like in the neighbourhood, so that the public may by
inspection of the plate easily find such addresses as they may require. For this
purpose we construct a frame of light bars, two of them vertical side bars of flat
or angle iron, and a middle bar, preferably of T iron, these bars being tied together
by cross bars. The spaces between the side bars and the middle bar are divided
by thin partition laths into a number of compartments, one intended for each address
to be indicated. On each of the side bars is fixed a recessed fillet, and over the
middle bar is a removeable vertical bolt secured by a lock.
Each address is printed or painted on varnished cloth stretched on a light plate
or board so as to be easily removeable.
For inserting an address into its compartment on the frame the middle bolt is
unlocked and removed; the one end of the address board is then inserted under the
recess of the side fillet, and the other end of the board is secured by replacing the
bolt, which, being locked in its place, effectually prevents any of the address boards
from being removed except by the persons having charge. The bolt referred to
may be a simple bar shot into a staple at the top of the frame, or it may be hinged
to the top of the frame, being in either case secured by a lock at its lower end.
The apparatus, instead of being, as above described, divided by one middle bar
into two side spaces, may be divided by two or more such bars into a greater number
of side spaces.

page_text: We prefer to place the addresses in alphabetical order, so that the apparatus serves
as a local directory.
It is also convenient, where there are many designations of one class, as for
instance of houses or apartments to let, to indicate them on a separate apparatus of
the kind described, and to class them under particular heads, such as the terms or
periods at which houses can be tenanted, or the range of their rental.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM a
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scaife at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1878.
JOHN SCAIFE, of Leeds, in the County of York.
AND OTHER PACKING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
a
In my Invention I provide a number of pieces of canvas woven or cut into
strips, varying according to the required diameter of the packing. I then place
number of pieces of wire webbing the breadth required alternately between each
piece of canvas, and afterwards lay a strip of india-rubber (sheet) longitudinally
upon the canvas and wire webbing. I then fold the canvas and wire webbing
over the india-rubber one or more times as may be required; the whole is then
taken to a suitable machine in which it is twined and worked until it is round and
solid, and may be of any required length. Or I place any number of wires, and of
any length parallel to each other, and of any required breadth, and fasten them
together transversely with any kind of thread, spun yarn, flax, hemp, or other
suitable material. The whole is then operated upon in a suitable machine and
finished as described above.
By the word canvas, 1 mean any kind of vegetable or animal fibre made into
cloth or webbing.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hookway, of Nos. 10, 11, and 12, Monkwell Street,
in the City of London, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN SHIRT COLLARS."
Sealed the 24th December 1878, and dated the 6th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hookway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1878.
JOHN HOOKWAY, of Nos. 10, 11, and 12, Monkwell Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT COLLARS."
The object of this Invention, which is mainly though not exclusively applicable
to upright collars, and all others which do not turn down all round, is to so form or
construct the collar, that the necktie or band of the scarf shall be kept in its place,
and prevented from "riding up" without the necessity of employing pins or other-
wise attaching the necktie or scarf band to the collar.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I cut or form the lower edge of the upper
part of the collar for a suitable distance at the back, in such a manner as to form a
Hap or overlap portion which will lie over, and may come nearly down to the lower
edge of the band of the collar.
Under this flap or overlap portion (which may be semi-circular, semi-oval, semi-
rectangular, or of any other suitable shape), the necktie or band of the scarf is
riding up" the collar as
passed, and thus held in position and prevented from *
herein-before mentioned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hookway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st December
1878.
JOHN HOOKWAY, of Nos. 10, 11, and 12, Monkwell Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT COLLARS."
"
The object of this Invention, which is mainly though not exclusively applicable
to upright collars, and all others which do not turn down all round (whether
attached to "fronts or not), is to so form or construct the collar, that the necktie
or band of the scarf shall be kept in its place, and prevented from "riding up
without the necessity of employing pins or otherwise attaching the necktie or scarf
band to the collar.
"
In carrying my Invention into effect, I cut or form the lower edge of the upper
part of the collar for a suitable distance at the back in such a manner as to form a
flap or overlap portion which will lie over, and may come nearly down to the lower
edge of the band of the collar.
Under this flap or overlap portion (which may be semi-circular, semi-oval, semi-
rectangular, or of any other suitable shape), the necktie or band of the scarf is
passed, and thus held in position and prevented from "riding" up the collar as
herein-before mentioned.
The accompanying Drawings show the Invention as applied to a
"stand up"
collar. A is the upper portion of the collar; B, the overlap portion; and C, the
band.
"
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hookway, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-eight.
JOHN HOOKWAY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARF RINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Vaughton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1878.
.
OLIVER VAUGHTON, of the Firm of Philip Vaughton and Sons, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturing Jewellers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCARF
RINGS."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner herein-after
described the parts of scarf rings. By my Invention the spike or pointed pin which
is ordinarily fixed at the middle of the hinged back part of the scarf ring is
dispensed with, and the scarf ring is fixed very securely to the scarf without the
injury to the scarf which results from the use of the spike or pointed pin referred to.
I construct a scarf ring according to my Invention in the following manuer:-
I make the front part of the scarf ring of a semi-elliptical band of metal, resembling
the front part of an ordinary scarf ring. To one side of the said semi-elliptical band
or front part a back part is hinged. This back part consists of a bow-shaped band of
metal, the convex side being presented to the concave side of the front part of the
ring. The said hinged back part is of such a size that it can pass into and close
upon the front part, the summit of the bow pressing against the concave inner side
of the front part, or the said back part may be turned outwards so as to open the scarf
ring. The said bow-shaped back part constitutes a gripping plate, and is held in its
open position and pressed forward and held in its closed or gripping position by
means of a strong flat spring fixed on the inner or concave side of the front part, the
free end of the said spring bearing against a heel situated near the hinge of the
back part.
When the back part is opened from the front part, the spring presses on the top
of the heel described; but when the said back part is turned on its hinge for closing
the ring, the change of position of the said heel causes the spring to press upon its
side, and force the back part towards the front part and hold it forcibly in that
position.
In using my improved scarf ring it is opened by the turning outwards of the
hinged back part. The open scarf ring is then passed on to or made to embrace the
scarf, the said scarf passing into the semi-elliptical front part. By now closing the

page_text: back part upon the front part the former part enters the latter part and grips or
binds, by the pressure of the spring, the scarf very firmly between its convex surface
and the concave surface of the front part.
In order to remove the scarf ring from the scarf, the gripping back part is lifted
or opened from the front part, when the scarf ring is released from the scarf and may
be removed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BITUMINOUS COMPOUNDS FOR PAVING STREETS, FOOTPATHS, YARDS, AND SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Félix Sebille at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1878.
15
CHARLES FÉLIX SEBILLE, Civil Engineer, of 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.
IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BITUMINOUS COMPOUNDS FOR PAVING STREETS, FOOTPATHS, YARDS,
AND SIMILAR PLACES."
For the purpose of my improved bituminous compound for streets and ways,—
I take refined mineral bitumen about
Refuse slate raduced to nowden
-
10 kilograms.
50
Chalk or limestone do.
40
"
100 "
I mix these ingredients intimately, and heat them to about 212 degrees
Fahrenheit, and then apply them in layers on the road in the usual manner by
pressing or rolling.
AN IMPROVED SHAVING SOAP OR LATHER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Hampel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878.
AUGUST HAMPEL, of Dresden, in the Empire of Germany. "AN IMPROVED
SHAVING SOAP OR LATHER."
This Invention relates to an improved chemical shaving soap or lather, which is
composed of the following ingredients :-
6.6°
cleaned olëin
13° hot water
5.4% soda ley 25° (liquor natri caustici 25°)
12.5 best white soap
50% boiling water
12.5° spirit (90°),
°
and manufactured in the following manner:-6.6°/ cleaned olëin being first mixed
thoroughly with 13% hot water there is added 5.4%, soda ley 25° (liquor natri
caustici 25°), and the whole, which presents the compactness of soft butter, is
agitated until it has become cold and easily liquified, when 12.5° best white soap
and 50% of boiling water are added. All the ingredients are then mixed equally
together, and finally with 12.5% spirit. The composition thus produced is then
covered over and kept in a quiet place for removing any uncleanness therefrom,
and it is then filtered and ready for use.