Improvements in Incandescent Gas Burners.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1883
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1890 -Accepted, 7th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Gas Burners.
I, CHARLES CLAMOND of 15 Rue Picot Paris, France, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to incandescent gas burners in which a cage or hood of
magnesia filaments is raised to a state of incandescence by the combustion of gas and
air within it, in a similar manner to that described in the specifications to former
patents granted to me. My present improvements have for their object to simplify the
construction of the said burners while affording the same degree of efficiency,
thereby obtaining comparatively inexpensive burners, of moderate size and easily
manipulated.
The heating of the air supply which is necessary for producing the requisite
temperature of combustion, was heretofore effected by means of a special heating
apparatus, separate from the part of the burner where incandescence
produced.
was
This arrangement rendered the burner more or less complicated in construction,
resulting in a somewhat delicate mode of working.
According to my present invention I employ for heating the air supply a portion of
the heat given off by the combustion in the incandescent burner itself, for which
purpose I make use of a number of small tubes of good conducting metal, at the
upper end of which the incandescent combustion is effected, and which consequently
becomes highly heated, such heat being given off to the air supply which is made to
pass up among the said tubes.
The construction of the burner which I employ for this purpose is as follows.
The mixture of gas and air which is made to enter into combustion with a further
body of air as in a Bunsen burner, passes up a tube into a metal chamber or box which
is divided into two compartments by a diaphragm of fine wire gauze, and which
carries on its top surface a number of small tubes placed close together, through which
The
the mixture of gas and air consequently passes upito the place of combustion.
said lower tube through which the mixture of gas and air rises, has at its lower end a
screwed socket by which it is fixed to the gas supply pipe, and above this is a
perforated diaphragm through which the gas issues into the tube in a number of
small streams that meet and mix intimately with currents of air entering through
holes in the sides of the tube.
The said lower tube is screwed at its upper end into a small head preferably of
non-conducting material such as steatite, which carries firstly a perforated plate
forming the gallery for the lamp glass, and secondly the beforementioned metal
chamber carrying the cluster of small tubes. Surrounding these and the chamber
is a metal hood carried by the gallery plate and having an opening at top correspond-
ing to the opening of the magnesia cage which is fitted over it. The magnesia cage
held between external and internal spring arms of refractory metal wire, fixed upon a
metal base which fits upon the top of the above mentioned hood.
is
The mixture of gas and air rising through the small metal tubes enters into combus-
tion as it rises into the interior of the magnesia cage, receiving the necessary airsupply
from currents passing through holes in the gallery plate into the narrow space between
the metal chamber and the surrounding hood, from which it passes among the cluster
of small tubes, thereby becoming highly heated before impinging upon the jets of
gaseous mixture.
In order to prevent any flashing back of the flame to the small orifices through

page_text: which the gas issues in the lower pipe on lighting the burner, there is firstly provided
the beforementioned close wire gauze diaphragm in the upper chamber, and secondly
a hood surrounding the air holes in the said pipe and above this a glass cupped disc,
which deflects any external flame that may flash down from the burner on lighting.
Dotal 13 20h Tule 1000
Improvements in Incandescent Gas Burners.
I, CHARLES CLAMOND of 15 Rue Picot Paris, France, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to incandescent gas burners in which a cage or hood of magnesia
filaments is raised to a state of incandescence by the combustion of
gas and air within
it, in a similar manner to that described in the Specifications to former patents
granted to me. My present improvements have for their object to simplify the con-
struction of the said burners while affording the same degree of efficiency, thereby
obtaining comparatively inexpensive burners, of moderate size and easily manipulated.
The heating of the air supply which is necessary for producing the requisite
temperature of combustion, was heretofore effected by means of a special heating
apparatus separate from the part of the burner where incandescence was produced.
This arrangement rendered the burner more or less complicated in construction,
resulting in a somewhat delicate mode of working.
According to my present invention I employ for heating the air supply a portion of
the heat given off by the combustion in the incandescent burner itself, for which
purpose
I make use of a number of small tubes of good conducting metal, at the upper
end of which the incandescent combustion is effected, and which consequently become
highly heated, such heat being given off to the air supply which is made to pass up
among the said tubes.
I will describe the construction of my improved gas burner for this purpose
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 shews a vertical section
of the burner Fig. 2 a sectional plan and Fig. 3 a detached sectional view of the
magnesia cage.
The burner consists of a metal chamber A divided into two compartments by a wire
gauze partition tt, above which the chamber carries a series of metal tubes d d open
at both ends, so as to communicate at the lower end with the interior of A. This
chamber is fixed on the upped end of a tube B which constitutes the tube of a Bunsen's
burner.
For this purpose it is fixed at its lower end on a screwed cap K'which is screwed
on to the gas supply pipe, and from which the gas issues into tube B through small
holes. The tube Bhas also lateral holes mi through which air entors so as to mix
with the gas issuing through rr.
This mixture then rises into A, passes through the wire gauze partition tt and up
the tubes d, on issuing from which it burns with a corresponding number of separate
flames. These chambers A and tubes dare surrounded by a metal casing CC the base
of which is formed so as to be secured to the perforated base S of the gallery that
holds the glass chimney V. On to the open top of the casing C is fitted the base Z of
the magnesia cage, the opening of which is of the same size as the opening of the
casing C, and is situated slightly above the tops of the tubes & The magnesia cage is
held on the base Z in the manner to be described hereinafter. The tube B, chamber A.
and plate S are all secured together by a screwed piece R, which is by preference of a
bad conductor of heat, such as steatite.
The tube Bis screwthreaded at the middle part of its outer surface to receive two

page_text: Screw washers between which is held a glass or other saucer D, the lower washer also
supporting a cone P.
The burner operates as follows:
The mixture of gas and hair being supplied to the burner, it is ignited at the top of
the tubes ; a small explosion will ensue on lighting, which in extending downwards
might set fire to the gas issuing through the holes rr, thus doing away with the
proper action of the burner. Such downward extention of the explosion would take
place in two ways. Firstly through the interior of the tubes d chamber A and tube B;
the wire gauze in the chamber A will prevent any passage of flame in this direction.
Secondly through the annular space between A and C and down along the outside
of the tube Band through the holes m; this is prevented by the saucer D and cone P,
the former serving to break the vertically descending flash from the annular space, and
the latter to direct downwards the mixture of gas and air that is forced out through the
holes m by the internal force of the explosion, and which would otherwise tend to
come in contact with the external downward flash. By the above described means the
proper ignition of the burner is always insured.
The chamber A has for its object to distribute the supply of combustible mixture
coming from the tube Buniformly to the tubes d, and to allow of the interposition of
a wire gauze partition t having a sufficiently extended surface to afford the necessary
number of small openings through it for the free passage of the mixture.
The flames issuing from the tubes & heat to a white heat the magnesia cage. They
should be of a good conductor of heat, and for this purpose I prefer to make them of
copper or brass, of about one millimetre in thickness, and coated with nickel so as to
prevent oxidation. If a heat conducting metal, such as iron or nickel, is used, I
increase the thickness of the tubes. The heat radiated from the interior of the cage,
and that transmitted by the flame is communicated through the tubes to the
chamber A and is also transmitted to the casing C, but such heat is prevented from
being effectually transmitted to the tube B by the interposition of the non conduct-
ing piece R.
The air drawn in by the draught of the chimney V rises between the casing Cand
the chamber A and becomes heated by contact therewith; it is then distributed among
the tubes so that it becomes highly heated before coming in contact with the flames.
Part of this air passing up along the surface of the casing C is made to impinge
externally upon the flames, as indicated by the arrows, and thereby causes them to be
directed somewhat inwards, which is necessary for effecting a uniform incandescence
of the magnesia cage.
The base of the magnesia cage consists of a stamped piece of metal, having the
same configuration as the top of the casing C on which it is made to fit accurately.
Round the upper opening of the base are fixed several wires f of refractory metal
such as nickel, platinum &c. The one end of these wires extends up along the outside
of the cage and ends in a hook which takes into one of the meshes of the cage, while
the other end of the wire passes inside the lower edge of the cage, which it supports,
and holds in a central position by its turned-up extremity.
The magnesia cage is supplied to the consumer fixed in its base or holder so that
it can be more safely handled than heretofore.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In an incandescent gas burner, the combination of a chamber A and a series of
tubes d d arising therefrom, constructed of a good conductor of heat such as copper,
such chamber and tubes having the double object of heating the external air supply
by taking up a portion of the heat given off by the flames and incandescent cage,
and rendering the combustion more complete so as to produce a higher temperature,
substantially as described.
2. The combination of the casing C with the chamber A and tubes did, the upper
opening of the casing being somewhat higher than the tops of the tubes, whereby

page_text: the heating of the air supply is assisted and a convergent direction is imparted to the
flames, substantially as described.
3. In combination with the burner referred to in the preceding claims, the use of
the wire gauze partition tt, the saucer Dand the cone P', for arresting the downward
direction of the flash on lighting the burner, substantially as described.
4. The use in combination with the magnesia cage of a base or holder substantially
as described, for facilitating the handling thereof.
Dated this 25th day of April 1890
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.