Improvements in Machines for Type Distributing, Type Setting, and Type Justifying.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 12th June, 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Type Distributing, Type Setting, and
Type Justifying.
I JOSEPH FIELDING HIGGINS of Malvern, near the City of Melbourne in the Colony
of Victoria, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
The object of my invention is to facilitate the operations of type-distributing,
type setting, and type-justifying, and it is performed by means of a new and improved
machine in connection with which I employ specially made type as hereinafter
described. The machine is divided into three distinct parts.
The first part is the mechanism which distributes the type. This part is placed
over but is attached to the next part which consists of the mechanism for the purpose
of setting or composing the type.
Lastly there
a simple mechanism hereafter described, which justifies or spaces
the composed type, after it leaves the type setter before passing into a case attached
thereto.
On taking for example half a column of composed newspaper type, and placing
it in that part of my machine which may be termed the "distributor," the latter
will automatically separate the whole of the types from one another, and distribute
them into proper grooves in a cabinet of grooves prepared for the respective types
such as letters, spaces, numbers, and marks of various kinds used in printing.
•
When the compositor or person using the machine requires to compose the type,
he plays upon the keys of a key board, and this operation causes the types to pass
from the bottom of the grooves aforesaid into a race or horizontal. groove and
pass to the justifying mechanism (which I herein term, shortly, the "justifier")
which is on the right of the compositor. The compositor is enabled to "justify
his line of type by referring to a scale or indicator, which I arrange so as to show
how many spaces (if any) require to be withdrawn in order to make the line of
the proper length.
"
The spaces are all withdrawn by the compositor by a simple contrivance for which
only one operation is required.
Thereupon the line is made to close up, and at once drops into a "case" and
as line after line is composed it drops into the case until the column is filled with
type set-up ready for the printer.
In explaining now the nature of the machine or apparatus by which all these
operations are accomplished I will first suppose that some type is to be distributed,
say half a newspaper column. This half column I would slide onto the inside of a
distributing waggon taking care to have the letters or other printing faces uppermost
and I then insert between each line of type a brass "rule," which is just the width of
the depth of the type. At one end of the "rules" are square projections or shoulders
which serve the purpose of preventing what is technically known as "pie," and also
keep the lines of the type separate so that if the letters of one line are all distributed,
sooner than the letters of the other lines, there will be no occurrence of "pie" by the
confusion of types together.
When the brass "rules" are placed as stated, "the column of types is to be clamped
up and the waggon closed. I then place the distributing waggon upon a hopper
shaped type-canter. By an intermittent motion, produced by any suitable means (as
a cam acting upon a lever to which is attached a spring catch or hook which moves a
ratchet wheel) the waggon is then brought into such a position that each line of type
will stand over a different groove on the type-canter every time it the waggon moves.

page_text: Each of these grooves has distinguishing projections which correspond with respective
distinguishing nicks in the type so that each type or letter can pass into its proper
groove only, intended to receive that denomination of letter or type. When the type
has passed into its proper groove it is at first in a position lying on its side in each
case but the grooves are so constructed that the types make a quarter turn by which
the faces of the types are brought to stand vertical as they slide, in which position they
come to rest in the grooves in the type cabinet, and are then ready to be used by the
compositor.
The compositor seating himself before the type cabinet, has merely to operate the
key-board in order to set the type in any required order. The key board has the
various type characters in such number and order that the compositor may compose
whole words up to words of ten letters by a simultaneous depression of the proper
keys. These keys act upon levers which push forward respective ejectors from behind
the cabinet, and these ejectors on being projected, push against the lowest types in the
respective grooves corresponding to the keys struck. The types thus projected enter
a horizontal race having a planed bed of metal and a suitable top, which may be in
some cases of polished glass. As the words are composed and the letters &c. enter
the race or slot in proper order, the letters &c. are pushed together and carried to the
right hand end of the slot by a sliding bar, after which the bar automatically returns
to its starting point. Normally the bar remains at rest secured by a catch, but a key
is provided, at the left of the compositor when at work, and by pressing the key the
catch is disengaged and the sliding bar is set in motion as before described, the
operation being repeated as often as necessary.
"
Having composed the line the "justifier" is actuated, for the purpose of reducing
the matter in the race to the proper measure of the line of type, as there would be
generally more matter in the race than would fill a line. The exact number of types
or rather " spaces to be withdrawn is shown by an indicator or scale. It is a feature
of my invention to adopt types and characters for printing so that they shall all have
fixed widths relatively to one another or to some unit of width adopted for the purpose.
Each character or space will then take up a width which is some fixed multiple of the
common unit. An m quad will equal five units and on the same principle there would
In order to
in composition be a space of three units set between any two words.
"justify" these spaces may be reduced as desired to one or two units. At the end of
the line is a spring which gives way when the sliding bar pushes the types together in
the line, and returns to its normal position when the sliding bar withdraws.
When the compositor ascertains what number of spaces to withdraw he actuates a
small carriage which is composed of a number of keys, so arranged that each key has
on its end a hook corresponding in width to the unit adopted in the spacing and the
keys are grooved so as to make them slide when required in order to withdraw the
types desired.
When the said carriage is moved up to the line of type the key hooks fall into nicks
made in the space-types between the words, and then the keys corresponding to the
spaces which it is desired to withdraw have only to be struck, to cause such withdrawal
whereupon the types are closed together again and the justifying is effected, completing
the line.
A key on the right of the key board is used in conjunction with a thin plate which
forms the bed of the line of type, so that pressing the key causes the bed to withdraw
and allows the line of type as set up to lower into a case which also lowers gradually
as each line of type is added above it until the "case" is filled. The filled case may
be drawn out being now ready for printing from and an empty case inserted.
Dated this Sixth day of August 1889.
56

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Type Distributing, Type Setting, and
Type Justifying.
I, JOSEPH FIELDING HIGGINS of Malvern near the City of Melbourne in the
Colony of Victoria Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention consists of a machine that will distribute or break up columns of
type after being used in the press, and place them (the types) in separate grooves or
compartiments ready to be composed, and will compose or set said type in lines, and
will justify or space same, and place them in a column galley ready for the press, and
in connection with which I employ specially made type as hereinafter described :—
The machine may be divided for the purpose of this description into three parts.
The first part is the mechanism which distributes the type. This part is placed over,
but is attached to the next part, which consists of the mechanism for the purpose of
setting or composing the type. Lastly, there is the mechanism hereafter described,
which justifies cr spaces the composed type after it leaves the typesetter before
passing into a column galley attached thereto. On taking for example half a column
of composed type, and placing it in that part of my machine which may be termed
the "distributor," the latter will automatically separate the whole of the type from
one another and distribute them into grooves (in a cabinet of grooves) assigned for
each respective type, such as letters, spaces, numbers, and marks of various kinds used
in printing.
When the compositor or person using the machine requires to compose the type he
operates upon the keys of a keyboard, by which means any combination, up to ten, can
be struck or projected from the cabinet at one stroke into a race or horizontal groove,
and carried by an automatic carrier into the justifying dock, the operation being
repeated until a line is composed when the "justifier" is brought into operation.
The compositor is enabled to justify his line of type by referring to a scale or
indicator which I arrange so as to show how many spaces, if any, require to be with-
drawn or added to make the line of the proper length; the spaces required to be
added, for instance at the end of a paragraph are added by operating the key board,
and those to be withdrawn are removed by the "justifier" at one operation. Thereupon
the line is made to close up and at once descends into a galley" and as line after
line is composed follows until the column is completed, or the galley filled, when a
bell will ring warning the operator to remove the "galley" containing the composed
type and replace it with an empty one. The column is then complete, ready for the
galley press.
"
In explaining now the nature of the machine or apparatus by which all these
operations are accomplished I will refer to the following drawings:-
Fig. 1. Is a vertical section of the machine along a line through the centre of
same shewing distributing apparatus, that is, distributing waggon, distributing plate,
type cantor, type cabinet, bed plate for type cabinet, slotted bed plate for type carrier,
type carrier, key board, and keys and levers actuating ejectors.
Fig 2-Front elevation (broken) of distributing waggon, type case, composed
type as seen in said waggon, illustrating the manner in which type is placed in
waggon for distribution, also bar working or actuating type cantors; and cabinet of
grooves.
Fig. 3. Plan of type distributing plate, shewing the system adopted to prevent
any type but the one corresponding to the form and shape of perforation passing into
type cantor.
Fig. 4. Enlarged sectional view of distributing plate in connection with type
cantors, shewing the different sectional forms of type cantors required for the five sizes
of type bodies used in this machine.

page_text: Fig. 5. Wooden printers' galley shewing mode of laying and preparing the matter
for distribution.
Fig. 6. Plan looking down on distributing waggon, and the mechanism by which
the waggon is actuated intermittently, and made to travel from right to left, and
reverse its motion automatically, and travel from left to right and vice versa until the
whole of the matter is distributed.
Fig. 7 End elevation of mechanism shewing the device for automatic changing
of motion of screw that causes the distributing waggon to travel over type distributing
plate.
Figs. 8 and 9.-Elevations shewing devices for automatic stopping of type carrier,
also key and lever for actuating same when required.
Fig. 10. Elevation of right hand portion of machine illustrating distributing
mechanism, type cabinet, type race, end view of type carrier, finger board, and
mechanism for driving type carrier and distributor.
Fig. 11. Elevation of frame of machine shewing the right hand end of the
machine below the cabinet, illustrating the driving apparatus of the type carrier, and
-the connection with the distributing mechanism.
Fig. 12.—Plan looking down on machine below "distributor," illustrating and
shewing position of finger board, keys, type cabinet, type carrier bed plate, type
carrier, device for automatic stoppage of carrier and actuating same; also, device for
automatic projecting and fixing of sliding bar in type carrier, also keys and levers
for actuating ejectors, also, position of ejectors, with regard to said keys.
Fig. 13. Elevation illustrating left hand portion of machine, shewing the justifying
dock, justifying scale, the mechanism for withdrawing the bed-plate under the line of
type in justifying dock, and thereby allowing composed line of type to descend on to
the line below; also, framework containing galley and mechanism for lowering the
lines of type in said galley line by line as composed and justified; also, warning bell
indicating the filling of galley, also device for fixing and taking out galley, also
pulley, on which runs endless band driving type carrier.
Fig. 14. End elevation of same illustrating the manner of fixing the galley, also
the lift which carries the column of type, also key which actuates crank that withdraws
the thin bed-plate from under the line of type in dock, also side elevation of "justifier,"
illustrating and shewing the form of keys and how they engage with the type
spaces.
Fig. 15 Plan looking down on key board left hand, illustrating mode of
justifying, shewing justifier, type carrier, justifying dock, and spring buffer at end of
type line.
A represents the buttons (whose shanks pass through the key-board B), upon which
are engraved the letters and other characters used in printing, and connected with the
levers a¹ by a joint a² which levers are centred on the rockshafts a³ which extend from
end to end of machine, and are secured to end frames F Fig. 11; each lever has a
broad bearing (vide Fig. 12) and separated on rockshafts a³ by a washer, a¹5 and
blocked on end of rockshafts a³ by means of broad washers a secured to rockshafts as
by a screw a. The levers a' (vide Fig. 1.) are connected with crank levers a by
means of slot joints a³, and are held up to their normal position by means of spiral
springs a³, secured to plate a¹3 which is secured to bed 63. Crank levers a centre upon
rockshaft a10 which is secured to end frames F. One end of the crank lever passes into
an eye, a¹¹ in the ejector a¹² which slides upon the bed b¹ being kept in position by
bar secured to bed-plate 6' and into the back of type cabinet.
C is the type cabinet or case, in which is arranged a number of columns separate
from each other, equal to the number of distinct characters used by the printer.
The bottom of each column is open at the back to allow the ejector to force
out the lowest type, when actuated by the keys, into the horizontal slot, cl, the
bed of which is composed of a strip of india-rubber let into bed-plate 62, and
having for its upper or working surface a number of wires laid close, secured
permanently at one end, and stretched and kept tight by means of tension screws

page_text: at the other. The top, c², of the slot or race c¹ is composed of a bar of glass,
corrugated on its under side, resting at each end on vulcanised indiarubber, c³
and secured and regulated at each end by means of screws, c¹.
The type carrier D in which the sliding bar d' is located is secured to a dovetailed
sliding plate d² and actuated by an endless band e passing over pulleys which
receive their backward and forward motion from the action of the quadrant, e²,
acted upon by eccentric e¹ secured to" shaft E, upon the end of which is a pulley e³,
and fly-wheel e. This carrier has attached to it a lever d³ with a friction roller
at one end d4, upon its coming in contact with the inclined bar d5, the lever
depresses the spiral spring, do until the lug d', against which it presses, reaches
the catch or lever, ds, which is immediately pressed forward by spring do and
holds the sliding bar d', to which the lug d is attached, in a position to carry
the type along the race to the justifying dock c³. At the other end of the race,
and attached to hed-plate 63 is a spring pawl do which the projecting end of
lever d³ passes over on its downward journey, but is engaged by it on its return,
pressing the lever until it disengages the lug d' and releases the spring de, which
forces the sliding bar d¹ to withdraw from the race so as not to interfere with
any types projected into it. Upon its return to the starting point it passes over
a piston d, which is held in position by a spring d¹, and to which is attached
crank lever d¹³ which disengages the eccentric motion e¹ from the driving shaft E,
and therefore stops the action of the carrier. 14 is a button or key, upon pressing
which the shank №15 operates upon a lever 16, which presses upon a bell crank
lever d, which coming in contact with carrier plate d² presses it back and
thereby relieves the piston d¹¹, which returning to its normal position engages the
eccentric e with the driving shaft E, which giving motion to eccentric arm el
operates on quadrant e³, which engages spur wheel e, which being affixed to
pulley e causes alternate revolutions of same, which has the effect of causing
the endless band to carry the carrier to the justifying dock c5 and bringing it
back to starting point. e represents the corresponding pulley over which passes
the endless wire rope e7. e10 is the bracket attached to bed 62 for the purpose of
supporting or carrying pulley e⁹.
F represents the framework of which there are a pair, one for the right hand
end of machine, and one on left hand end, immediately to the right of column
galley case ; to these said frames are secured bed-plates 61 62 6³, also finger-
key board B, rockshafts a³ and a10, and to the right hand frame bracket f¹, in
which driving shaft E runs and bracket f2 to support pulley et driving endless
band e. c represents the dock or space into which the types, as composed into
words, are carried to constitute a line preparatory to being justified or spaced
(vide Figs. 13 and 15). c is the scale which indicates the number of spaces
required to be withdrawn, and c is the scale indicating the number and kind of: spaces
required to be added to fill up a line that has not a sufficient number of words to do so,
as at the end of a paragraph. c represents the device or buffer against which the line of
type is pressed by the carrier, upon the withdrawal of which, the line if too long is
pressed back into the dock, the letters more than are required to fill the line appearing
under scale e indicating the number of spaces to be withdrawn to make the line of the
required length to pass into galley 14 underneath.
H represents the button whose stem acts upon lever 2 which raises the crank h³,
which draws out spring hand withdraws thin bed-plate 5, also strikes pawl arm h
with knife-blade projection h7, which lifts pawl from notch of wheel 8 and allows
wheel to move one tooth only by means of spring 9, which movement permits lift h¹0
by means of endless chain " passing over pair of chain pulleys 12 and 13 to lower
the depth of the line of type. is the galley, having three sides and a loose
bottom, 15, which rests on the floor of the lift h10 until the galley is full, when it is
deposited upon the two projections ho formed by the bottom edge of two sides being
turned up. Upon the galley ¹ being near full, the lift h10, by a pin h attached to
the endless chain, catches upon the crank arm 18 of hammer, the bell 19 is struck by

page_text: the steel spring 20 pressing on hammer arm 18. The galley 4 is kept in position by
'two lever cams h21 attached to sides of column galley case h22. The handle h23 attached
to the chain pulley 13, is for the purpose of reversing the motion of endless chain and
raising the lift 10, after the filled galley 4 has been removed, and an empty one put
in its place, to the top of the galley. The ratchet wheel 24 is attached to chain
pulley 2 and runs loose in the upward direction, and is. engaged in the downward
direction by spring catch h2, which is attached to tooth-wheel hs. The bracket 20
which carries the crank h³ is attached to sidelof galley case h22; also attached to front
of case are pulleys h12 and 13, bell ¹ pawl arm he, springs h9 and 20, and cog-
wheel h8, h key whose pitman 28 acts upon lever 20 which raises the lever or pawl
arm and thereby removes pawl from notch of wheel ³, thus allowing lift carrying
column of type to run down.
4.
I represents the justifier (vide Figs. 14 and 15); ¹, the sides or case in which the
justifier slides and is kept in proper position opposite the justifying dock. These
sides are secured to keyboard B by screws from underside, also by crossbars and 3
'which serve the purpose of butts, and for returning the keys to their normal position
after being used. The sides of the justifier is represented by 4, the bottom 1³, the
end 6, the top, the handle 8; at the two ends are lugs which reduce friction and
allows the justifier to be easily moved up; one of these lugs 2, (when justifier is
brought up for action) fails into a slot which secures the justifier and prevents its
moving during the process of withdrawing the spaces. 210 and 11 represent the two
different lengths of keys. The object of having two different lengths is to have every
alternate one longer than the other, so that the operator may without trouble pick out
the single spaces or double spaces whichever he may require to withdraw; by this
: means every single space will be represented by one projection 12 over the finger
har 2 or finger-plate i, and every other two spaces by two projections 12 on one or
other of the finger-plates; by thus separating the two spaces 'from the single spaces
the operator is enabled at a glance to see which to strike, and can do so at one stroke,
thus completing his spacing. Each key of the justifier is of the exact thickness of the
spaces used in the machine, (which spaces must be the unit upon which all the
characters or letters are based, and of which each one is a fixed multiple), with a
hook at one end which engages the type by being pressed into the nick in the space
type by means of the spring 15 on the under and lower end, pressing on the bottom
of the justifier 5, and thereby forming a lever having for its centre rockshaft 16
secured to sides of justifier, which also serves as a guide for slót or groove 17 to run
on. 18 and 18 are two bars secured to top sides of justifier to keep the keys from
rising higher than required.
N (vide Fig. 5) is the wooden galley usually employed by printers. 'n' is the lining
of the distributing waggon, which is in two pieces, each composed of one side and one
end in one piece. n² is a piece of brass rule longer than the distributing waggon and
width of bottom, used for the purpose of preventing the types from slipping out of the
case or lining while being put into the distributing waggon. 3 is the separators, being
of such width as to leave the type free to move, having at the upper ends shoulders
which rest on sides of lining n¹. Between the separators are the lines of type;
n, and n³ are the weights or spaces, being two-thirds the length of the line of type;
these weights are for the purpose of preventing pye as well as pushing down the type
as they disappear through the distributor plate nº onto the cantors n (vide Figs. 2, 3,
and 4) which makes a quarter revolution by means of the eccentric e (vide Fig. 10)
drawing through the medium of the eccentric arm n³-which is connected with cantors
by means of pin n° working in slot n10, which arm moving forward delivers the type n11
on its edge into the cabinet grooves c, and then backwards to receive another type.
In order to prevent the types falling out of the grooves a small steel spring clois
inserted in each groove, which is pushed along by each succeeding type until the
column is filled. n is casing covering cantors and sliding bar 18 14 is retarding
spring or slug to prevent types canting.
The distributing waggon O is composed of three fixed sides with a slot door ol for

page_text: the fourth side, and slides on a V track or bed or, and has on one side a pair of fixed
brackets o through which the worm of (de Fig. 10) revolves intermittently, thereby
moving the waggon 0 so that each alternate row or line of type comes over the key
slots n in distributing plate nº, and remains stationary whilst wheel e¹³ completes its
revolution, when it again engages and another revolution of worin takes place, and so
on till the waggon arrives at the end of the worm. Here a stud os (vide Fig. 6)
attached to bracket on waggon o contacts with bell crank o, pressing against which
impels the other end o' to press against the lever 0%, which acting upon the clutch
box o disengages the bevel wheel 010 and engages the bevel wheel ol, which causes
the bevel o to revolve in the opposite direction. Thereby the distributing waggon O
is moved backwards intermittently, until it arrives at the other end of the worm, or
screw o, when the stud 05 contacts with connecting rod o13, which acts upon elbow
crank o (vide Figs. 6 and 7), which presses against lever os until it passes the centre,
when, by the action of spring o15 the clutch box engages the bevel wheel oo, and a
reverse inotion sets in, and this is continued backward and forward until the whole of
the type is distributed, when the case or lining n¹ can be taken out and another one
put in.
Motion is imparted to this machine by hand or other power by applying it to
balance-wheele (vide Figs. 10 and 11) which, as before said, imparts motion to
shaft E, which imparts motion to eccentric e when engaged, which imparts motion
to quadrante, which acts upon pinion 3, and being attached to grooved driving
wheel et running loose on stud spindle gives the backward and forward motion to
endless band e" (vide Fig. 10), which carries the type carrier D to and from the type
justifying dock c'. Again by means of grooved driving wheel e³ attached to balance-
wheel e notion is imparted by means of endless band to grooved wheel e¹² keyed to
shaft el, which shaft imparts motion to grooved wheel e¹ (at end of shaft) which
imparts motion by means of endless band to pulley e15, which being attached to
eccentric (vide Fig. 10) produces the oscillating motion imparted to the eccentric
arin n which engages, by means of pin n³ working in slot n10, the type cantors,
thereby causing them to make a quarter turn forward, which enables them to place
the types in the cabinet in the order to be acted upon by the ejectors and return to
their normal position. Again, the shaft el imparts motion to wheel e¹³, which gives
an intermittent rotary motion to intermediate loose wheel ele, which transmits the
sane motion through wheel e17 to shaft e18, to which it is keyed, and onward to loose
bevil wheel oo, if engaged by clutch box o, thence to bevil wheel o¹, which imparts
same to screw, ot (vide Figs. 6 and 10), and thence to distributing waggon 0,
imparting the necessary intermittent motion required for the distribution of the types.
10 represents the frame attached and secured to back of cabinet that assists to carry
the above described mechanism. 20 is the bracket or arm attached to end of
distributing waggon track for the purpose of supporting or carrying lever 08, and
spring piston box ol, the purpose of which is to obviate the use of a balance-weight
by the piston head old acting upon the sharp point o¹7 of the vertical lever os the
moment it passes the centre, and forcing it onwards to propel the clutch box o' to
engage the opposite wheel. el represents brackets attached to back of the cabinet C,
to support connecting rod o¹³. The friction wheels attached to last named brackets are
represented by the letter e22.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The galley N (vide Fig. 5) is taken, and
having placed upon it the half of the type case n¹, which constitutes the lining of the
distributing waggon, the column of type, or composed matter to be distributed, is
placed thereon, and the separators n³ are placed between each line of type, and on the
left hand end of each line between the separators the weights or spaces n5 are placed.
If the matter is not sufficient to fill the case, block up and put on other half of case,
set up on right hand edge, take out sliding door of of waggon, and slide case into
waggon withdraw plate n² (vide Fig. 2), replace sliding door and start the motor, when
the waggon will proceed step by step over the distributing track no (vide Figs. 1, 3,

page_text: and 6), the types whose nicks correspond to projections on the side of the perforations
of the distributing plate or track will by gravitation pass through on to the
type cantors n (vide Figs. 1, 2, and 4), and by them be placed in an upright position
and forced down the grooves of the type cabinet c (vide Figs. 2 and 4), so as to form
columns of type of each denomination required in printing.
When a sufficient quantity of type has been distributed into the cabinet slots or
columns c, the compositor seating himself in front of the machine operates upon a
key board B by pressing with his fingers such buttons or keys A (vide Figs. 1 10,
and 12) as correspond to the letters or characters he requires to form his words, &c.,
such pressing of the keys cause the arms or levers a¹ to hear upon the cranks a', which
force the ejectors a¹² forward against the lowest type in the columns of the cabinet and
pressing them forward into the horizontal type race c¹: when the keys are released the
springs a return them (the keys and the ejectors) to their normal position; having
composed his word, the operator presses the button or key d¹ (vide Figs. 10 and 12)
at his right hand, which gives motion to the carrier D, which, with its sliding bar in
position (that is projecting under the bar c² and on the right of the ejected types)
carries the composed types along the race to the justifying dock c³, in doing so the
lever 8 of the carrier, just before reaching the dock, passes over a spring catch dio
(vide Fig. 15), but the moment it starts on its return journey the spring catch d¹ con-
tacts with aforesaid lever, and thereby releases spiral spring do, which withdraws
sliding bar from the type race, thereby preventing any contact with the types ejected
in the meantime, and returns to the starting point (vide Figs. 10 and 12), where the
friction roller of lever d³ comes in contact with inclined plane d³, along which it
passes, which has the effect of raising the lever d³, thereby depressing the spiral
spring do until lug d' is caught by lever d³, which has the effect of putting the sliding
bar in position for again carrying the composed type forward. As the carrier arrives
at the starting point, it passes over, or rather rests upon, a spring piston d, which
has the effect of putting it out of gear, and will remain stationary until again being
put into gear by pressing the button d¹ before-mentioned.
Having ascertained by reference to scale or indicator standing over justifying dock
that his line is completed, and that he has probably one or two letters too many to
make the line of the right length, the indicator informs him of how many spaces be
will require to take out in order to reduce his line to the required length (vide
Fig. 13). Having ascertained that, he proceeds to manipulate the justifier I, by
taking hold of the handle is (vide Figs. 14 and 15) with his left hand, and drawing
the justifier up to the line of type in the dock c5, when the keys or books of the
justifier will engage the whole of the spaces, and will indicate where the spaces are
by projecting their tails 12 above the finger plates 7 and 12, so that with the left hand
the operator may draw out the number of spaces required at one operation. The
keys are placed alternately long and short, and have two lines of finger-plates 7 and i²,
to enable the operator the better to distinguish the single spaces from the double ones,
and thereby facilitate the withdrawal. The withdrawn space types are returned to
the distributor by hand. When a line or sentence is complete before it fills the line,
the indicator points out the number and sizes of spaces to be inserted in line to make
it complete, which operation would be performed by manipulating the buttons of the
key-board. Having withdrawn, the spaces required, the justifier is lifted into its
normal position by the handle 28 (vide Figs: 14 and 15), and the button H pressed
down, when the plate forming the bed of the line of type in the justifying dock is
withdrawn, and the line of type justified drops on to a loose bottom 15 of galley or
column-case 14, and descends the distance of one line of type to await for the next
line which goes through the same process until the galley or column-case is near full,
when a stud h7 (vide Figs. 13 and 14), upon the descending platform / contacts
with hammer of bell warning operator that the galley is nearly full, must be taken
out and replaced by empty one; and the lift run down by pressing key h" and
elevated to its normal position by means of handle h23 ready to receive another
column.

page_text: Having now particularly described and explained the nature of my said inven-
tion; and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a type-distributing apparatus, the combination with a printer's galley, N, of
a distributing case in two pieces, n', a series of separators, n³, a number of spaces or
weights, , and a bottom plate, n², substantially as set forth.
2. In a type distributing apparatus, a type case in two pieces, each having two
sides set at right angles, and adapted to encase a column or page of type to be
distributed, substantially as set forth.
3. In a type distributing apparatus, a type case in two pieces, each having two
sides set at right angles, the longer sides indented or grooved at equal distances, and
adapted to receive the separators, substantially as set forth.
4. In a type distributing apparatus, a series of separators, having one or more
shoulders at one end, and adapted to separate the lines of type, substantially as set
forth.
5. In a type distributing apparatus, a series of separators, having one or more
shoulders at one end, and adapted to separate the lines of type, and slide in grooves
in type case, substantially as set forth.
6. In a type distributing apparatus. the combination with a type case and a series
of separators, of a number of long spaces or weights, adapted to press down the lines
of type, substantially as set forth.
7. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a type case, a series of
separators and a number of spaces or weights, of a bottom plate longer than said type
case, and adapted to enable the matter, to be distributed, to be slid into a distributing
waggon, substantially as set forth.
8. In a type distributing apparatus, a waggon having three rigid sides, a movable
side and no bottom, said waggon adapted to contain type case, substantially as set
forth.
9. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a distributing. waggon
having three rigid sides, a movable side working in slots. in opposite rigid sides, and
no bottom, of a track adapted to carry said waggon, substantially as set forth.
!
10. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a waggon having three
rigid sides, and one short side movable in slots in ends of the longer rigid sides, and
a track for waggon to slide on, of a pair of lugs attached to one side of waggon, and
tapped to form female to a driving screw, substantially as set forth.
11. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a distributing waggon,
a track for same, a pair of lugs tapped to form female to driving screw, of a driving
screw, whereby the distributing waggon is worked, substantially as set forth.
12. In a type distributing apparatus the combination with a driving screw, of
means to revolve same intermittently, consisting of a grooved pulley, mutilated spur
gear, spur gear, and bevel wheels, substantially as set forth.
13. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a distributing waggon
having lugs, and working on a track, of a driving screw, and means to rotate same,
and a stud attached under one of said lugs, said stud adapted to contact with arm of
a bell crank lever when the waggon is at the right hand end of track, and to contact
with connecting rod, 013, when at left hand end, substantially as set forth.
14. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a distributing waggon,
a track, a driving screw, and means to rotate same, of means to automatically reverse
same, consisting of stud, o, crank levers, 06, 014, connecting, rod, o¹³, lever, 07, lever, 08,
having point, o, double clutch box, 0º, bevels, 010, oll, spring, o, and piston, 16,
substantially as set forth.
15.. A device for automatically reversing motion, consisting of the combination of
lever, 08, having point, o, double clutch box, 0º, spring, 015, and piston, .016, sub-
stantially as set forth.
16. In a device for automatically reversing motion, the combination with a lever
pivoted to a bracket, and having one end running in the groove of a double clutch
B

page_text: box and the other end pointed and hardened, of a cylinder attached to said bracket,
and adapted to permit of a piston operating therein, substantially as set forth.
17. In a device for automatically reversing motion, the combination with a lever
having one end running in the groove of a double clutch box, and the other end a
hardened point, of a piston with a hardened head, having a central ridge, said piston
having a pitman surrounded by a spiral spring, adapted to expand and contract in the
cylinder aforesaid substantially as set forth.
18. In a device for automatically reversing motion, the combination with a cylinder
surrounding a spiral spring, a pitman attached to a piston with hardened ridge head,
operating therein, of a lever with hardened point, adapted to contact with piston-head,
whereby, when lever is moved past the perpendicular, the piston accelerates its motion
until the reversing bevels are brought into gear, substantially as set forth.
19. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a shaft, impelled at a
given rate by a continuously operating motor, a grooved pulley attached to said shaft
and an endless band, working in said pulley, of a shaft carrying mutilated spur gear
for operating screw, substantially as set forth.
20. In a type-distributing apparatus, a type cantor having a slot along its upper
surface adapted to receive but one type at a time and deliver it into the type channel,
substantially as set forth.
21. In a type-distributing apparatus, a type cantor having a pin fixed in one
end near its periphery, adapted to engage with connecting bar, substantially as set
forth.
22. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a type cantor having a
slot to receive type, and a pin fixed in one end, of an axle adapted to allow of the
oscillation of said cantor, substantially as set forth.
23. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a type cantor having
a slot to receive type, a pin fixed in one end, and an axle fixed therein, of a con-
necting bar having a slot to allow the pin to work therein, substantially as set
forth.
24. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a type cantor pivotally
oscillating on fixed centres, having a slot to receive type, and a pin or stud con-
tacting with connecting bar having a to and fro motion imparted thereto, of an
eccentric and endless band, transmitting motion from the shaft which drives screw,
substantially as set forth.
25. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a series of type cantors
having slots of different depths to take the different thicknesses of type bodies, and
studs attached to ends, of a connecting bar having a series of slots along its length
adapted to contact with the series of studs in ends of the series of type cantors,
substantially as set forth.
26. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination with a series of type cantors,
a series of studs, a series of slots, and a connecting bar, of means as shewn whereby a
to and fro motion is imparted to said bar and transmitted to said cantors, substantially
as set forth.
27. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination of a series of type cantors
with a type distributing plate or gauge, substantially as set forth.
28. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination of a series of type cantors,
with a series of type channels adapted to receive and hold the different type characters
as delivered by type cantors, substantially as set forth.
29. In a type distributing apparatus, the combination of a series of type channels
forming a type cabinet, with a series of spring retarders or slugs, c¹º, substantially as
set forth.
30. In a type distributing plate, the series of apertures or type passages having a
series of distinctive projections or wards therein, as set forth in the, drawings.
31. In a type distributing plate, the combination with a series of apertures or type
passages having a series of distinctive projections or wards therein, of a series of
retarders or slugs, n14, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 32. In a type distributing apparatus, in combination with a type distributing plate,
having a series of apertures with a series of distinctive projections therein, of a series
of type, the bodies of which are nicked to correspond with the projections in said
apertures, substantially as set forth.
33. In a type setting mechanism, the combination of several series of keys, several
series of levers connected with and operated by said keys, each series of levers provided
with a rock shaft upon which said levers are mounted, a series of bell cranks, a rock
shaft common to said cranks, and a series of ejectors connected with said cranks,
substantially as set forth.
34. In a type setting machine, the combination with a series of keys, of a series of
bent levers connected with said keys, and mounted upon rock.shalts, having broad
bearings upon said shafts, and friction washers between the said bearings, as and for
the purpose specified.
35. In a type setting machine, the combination with a series of keys, of a series of
levers connected with said keys, and mounted upon rock shafts having binding washers
at each end of said rock shafts, adapted to keep the levers from shifting laterally,
substantially as set forth.
36. In a type setting machine, the combination with a series of keys; of a series of
levers pivotally connected with said keys,mounted upon common rock shafts, and having
attached to their longer arms spiral springs, adapted to keep said keys in their normal
position, substantially as set forth.
37. In a type setting machine, the combination with a series of keys, and a series
of levers connected with said keys, of a series of bell crank levers mounted on a
common rock shaft, and having one arm pivotally connected with aforesaid levers and
the other connected with and working in a slot of an ejector, whereby the type is
forced forward into a type race, substantially as set forth.
38. In a type setting machine, the combination with a series of keys, a series of
levers connected with said keys, and a series of bell cranks, of a series of ejectors,
working on a fixed bed and kept in position by a retaining bar, and having a stop or
projection underneath with a slot therein in which the one end of crauk lever works
loosely, said stop being adapted to prevent ejectors from causing irregularity in the
line of types projected into type race, substantially as set forth.
39. In a type race in connection with a type setting apparatus, the combination
with a bed, composed of a strip of indiarubber or other similar material, upon which
are stretched-thin wires laid close, of a bar of glass forming the upper surface of said
race, resting at each end upon vulcanised indiarubber and regulated by set screws,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
40. In the type race, of a type setting machine, a retaining bar of glass or other
suitable material longitudinally corrugated, adapted to form the upper surface of same,
as and for the purpose set forth.
41. In the type race, of a type setting machine, a retaining bar of glass, or other
suitable material, in combination with vulcanised indiarubber cushions and set screws,
as and for the purpose set forth.
42. In a type race bed, of a type setting machine, the combination of a strip of
indiarubber, or other similar material, and a row of small gauge wires secured fixedly.
at one end and stretched over the upper surface of said bed of indiarubber, and tension
screws adapted to tighten said wires, as and for the purpose set forth.
43. In a type setting apparatus, a type carrier composed of a case, a sliding bar, a
spiral spring; a detaining lug, a spring releasing lever, and an engaging lever with
friction roller, substantially as specified.
•
44. In a type setting apparatus, the combination of a type carrier case, with a base
plate or bar, adapted to slide along a groove and secured to said case, as and for the
purpose specified.
45. In a type carrier, the combination of a base plate, with a case having a bracket
attached thereon or thereto upon which a lever is pivotally secured having at one end
a friction roller and at the other a bent arm calculated to contact with a detaining lug,
as and for the purpose set forth..
I

page_text: 46. In a type carrier, the combination with a base plate, working in a groove,
and a type carrier case, as before described, of a sliding bar, adapted to pass along
the type race and carry the projected types, along the race, to the justifying dock, as
set forth.
47. In a type carrier, the combination with a base plate working in a groove, a type
carrier case having a lever attached thereto with friction roller, and a sliding bar, of
a detaining lug having a socket calculated to slide along a bar pivotally fixed to opposite
ends of said case, as and for the purpose specified.
48. In a type carrier, the combination with a base plate working in a groove, a type
carrier case having a lever attached thereto with friction roller, a sliding bar having
a detaining lug pivotally attached to its underside, and a har along which said lug is
adapted to slide, of a spiral spring encircling said bar and adapted to exert pressure
against said lug, as and for the purpose specified.
49. In a type carrier, the combination with a base plate working in a groove, a type
carrier case having a lever attached thereto with end friction roller, a sliding bar
having a detaining lug attached thereto, a fixed bar and a spiral spring encircling said
bar, of a spring releasing lever, adapted to hold the lug in the position the engaging
lever placed it, thereby retaining the sliding bar in the type race until released by
said spring releasing lever contacting with spring pawl, №1, Fig. 15, substantially as
set forth.
.
50. A type carrier substantially as described, in combination with a spring
pawl, 10, adapted to contact with spring releasing lever of said type carrier,
whereby the sliding bar is withdrawn from the type race, as and for the purpose
specified.
51. In a type setting apparatus, the combination with a type carrier, of means,
comprising endless band, grooved pulleys, pinion, quadrant-rack, and eccentric arm,
whereby said carrier may be caused to travel to and fro along a suitable groove,
substantially as set forth.
52. The combination of a shaft impelled at a given rate by a continuously operating
motor, an eccentric, loose on said shaft, having a clutch attached thereto, and a clutch
box sliding upon a key fixed on said shaft, operated by lever whereby the eccentric
is engaged and motion imparted to gear operating type carrier, substantially as
set forth.
53. The combination of a shaft impelled at a given rate, an eccentric loose on
said shaft, a clutch box feathered on said shaft, and a crank lever operated by
a reciprocating piston calculated to throw the clutch in and out of gear, substan-
tially as specified.
54. The combination of a shaft impelled at a given rate, an eccentric loose on said
shaft, a clutch feathered on said shaft, a crank lever working with its vertical arm in
said clutch, and reciprocating piston having a projecting arm attached to horizontal
arm of said crank lever, a pitman encircled by a spiral spring, said piston adapted
when pressed to throw said clutch out of gear, and upon the pressure being removed
return to its normal position by aid of the said spring and thereby compelling the
clutch box to again gear with the mechanism for driving type carrier, substantially as
set forth.
55. The combination of a key, 14, a pitman, d15, a lever bar, 16, and a crank
lever, d¹, substantially as described.
56. The combination with a type carrier bed or gantry having a slot at one end,
of a bell crank lever, its vertical arm working in said slot and adapted to push
back type carrier and thus withdraw pressure from piston, d", substantially as set
forth.
57. The combination with a type carrier bed having a slot at one end, a bell crank
rocking on bracket attached to end frame, said crank having its vertical arm moving
in said slot and projecting above bed in the track of the carrier, of a lever bar hinged
at one end to the front frame of machine and at the other having a hook adapted to
contact with horizontal arm of bell crank, substantially as set forth.
58. The combination with a type carrier bed having a slot at one end, a bell crank

page_text: having its vertical arın moving in said slot and projecting above bed in the track of
the carrier, and a lever bar hinged at one end to frame, and at the other end
contacting with horizontal arm of bell crank, of a pitman surmounted by a key, 14,
and pivotally attached to middle of said lever bar, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
59. The device for justifying type, consisting of a case capable of being moved
backwards and forwards, having means for fixing its forward position whilst operating,
and containing keys of different lengths having hooks at one end adapted to engage
in nick in type spaces, having projections on the other end for withdrawing spaces,
and having bar fixed to said frame working in a slot in said keys, and having also
attached to said frame stop bars, substantially as described.
60. In a device for justifying type, the frame having handle on top and two
projections or tors on the bottom plate, substantially as specified.
61. In a device for justifying type, keys having hooks on one end adapted to
engage nicks in space types, said keys furnished underneath with springs, substan-
tially as specified.
62. In a device for justifying type, keys of different lengths, having hooks on one
end adapted to engage nicks in space-types, and furnished underneath with springs,
and above with projecting piece, substantially as specified.
63. In a device for justifying type, keys having hooks adapted to engage nicks in
space-type, and having a perforated longitudinal slot, substantially as specified.
64. In a device for justifying type, keys having hooks at one end, adapted to
engage nicks in space type, and projections on the other, adapted to enable the space-
types to be withdrawn, substantially as set forth.
65. In a device for justifying type, the outward case in which the justifier
operates having slot in bed at upper end, and cross bars over top, substantially as
specified.
66. In a device for justifying type, a dock or indent adapted to retain the type
during the process of justifying, substantially as specified.
67. In a device for justifying type, a dock or indent adapted to retain the line of
type during the process of justifying and having on its face a scale or indicator
substantially as specified.
68. In a device for justifying type, the combination with a dock for retaining
the line of type to be justified, of a spring buffer at one end, adapted to permit
the line of type to go beyond the boundary of the dock when pressed by type
carrier, and to resume its normal position when pressure is taken off, substantially as
specified.
69. In combination with a type-distributing, type-setting, and type justifying
inachine, the herein before described system of types representing all the various signs
and characters used in printing, whereby each type body will take up a width which is
a fixed multiple of a common unit, said unit being the fifth of the em quad, as and for
the purpose set forth.
70. In connection with a type justifying apparatus, a series of type having type
bodies, each in one of five fixed widths, namely, the largest being equal to the em quad,
the next equal to four-fifths of the em quad, the next equal to three-fifths of the em
quad, the next equal to two-fifths of the em quad, and the smallest width equal to one-
fifth of the em quad, which constitutes the unit of width and also the width of the
space types, all substantially as set forth.
71. In a type distributing apparatus, in combination with the series of type bodies
having a width equal to a fixed multiple of a common unit, of a series of nicks or slots
on one side of said bodies adapted to correspond to the series of projections or wards
on the apertures of the type distributing plate, substantially as specified.
72. The mechanism or device for setting up lines of type in column or page
consisting essentially of means for lowering into a galley case the lines of type line
by line, and removing the same when desirable, comprising movable bed actuated by
key on key-board, spring bar which releases gauge wheel, pulleys driving endless
chain, lift carrying the column of types, the warning bell indicating the completion of

page_text: column, galley, false bottom, clamps or tighteners for retaining galley in position,
loose pulley for returning lift to its normal position, and run down mechanism, actuated
by separate key on key-board, substantially as set forth.
73. In a device for setting up lines of type in column, a sliding bed having bevelled
or square edges, substantially as specified."
74. In a device for setting up lines of type in column, a sliding bed having bevelled
or square edges, in combination with a lug underneath, pivoted to crank arm, and
lever adapted to withdraw sliding bed at pleasure, substantially as set forth.
75. In a device for setting up lines of type in column, a sliding bed adapted to be
withdrawn at pleasure, in combination with a lug underneath, pivotted to centre arın
of a tee crank, one arm of which is connected with a lever, and the other with a
spiral spring adapted to return sliding bed to its normal position, substantially a
specified.
.as
76. In a device for setting up lines of type in column, the combination with a
sliding bed having lug underneath pivotted to centre arn of a tee crank one arm of
which is attached to a spiral spring and the other to a lever, of a key, substantially as
specified.
77. In a device for setting up lines of type in column, the combination with a
sliding bed having lug underneath pivotted to centre arm of a tee crank, one arm of
which is attached to a spiral spring and the other to a lever having a key pivotted on
its other end, of a knife blade projection pivotted to centre arm of said tee crank, and
adapted to set in motion mechanism for lowering lines of type into galley, sub-
stantially as set forth.
78. In a device for setting up lines of type in column, a sliding bed having a lug
underneath pivotted to centre arm of tee crank, one arin attached to a spiral spring
and the other to lever connected with key, centre arın of tee crank, having knife blade
projection pivotted thereon, in combination with mechanism for lowering lines of type
line by line, substantially as set forth.
79. The mechanism for lowering lines of type line by line, in connection with a
device for setting up lines of type in column, comprising a stop lever, actuated by
knife blade projection striking its bent arm, and thus releasing gauge wheel having
teeth on its periphery so spaced as to admit of the column lowering at each operation,
a distance equal to the depth of a line of type, said gauge wheel having attached on
its inner side a spring catch, adapted to engage ratchet wheel attached to serrated
loose pulley, said pulley being one of a pair pivotted to galley case and carrying
endless chain, substantially as set forth.
80. In a device for lowering lines of type line by line, a stop lever pivotted to
galley case and kept in position by a spring pressing on its stop end, a gauge wheel
having attached to its inner side a spring catch engaging ratchet wheel attached to
serrated loose pulley pivotted on to galley case, said 'galley being one of a pair
carrying endless chain, in combination with platform attached to endless chain, sub-
stantially as specified.
81. In a device for lowering lines of type line by line, a stop lever, a gauge wheel
with spring catch holding ratchet wheel attached to serrated loose pulley, being one
of a pair carrying endless chain, with platform, lift, or elevator attached thereto, in
combination with pin fixed to said attachment, and adapted to engage striking
apparatus, knife blade attachment, striking hammer and bell, all arranged and fixed
upon galley case, substantially as set forth.
82. In a device for lowering lines of type, a platform or lift attached to an endless
chain, said chain moving intermittently over a pair of serrated loose pulleys, one of
which is attached to a ratchet wheel connected by means of spring catch to a gauge
wheel, said wheel actuated by the raising of a stop lever, in combination with a lever
connected with the said stop lever, and a key on the keyboard, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
83. In a device for lowering lines of type, a platform or lift attached to an endless
chain, moving over a pair of serrated loose pulleys, in combination with a ratchet
wheel connected by a spring catch to gauged driving wheel, for the purpose of

page_text: allowing the pulleys to be reversed by hand power applied to a handle attached to the
lower pulley, thereby raising the lift when run down to its normal position, ready to
take in a fresh column of type line by line, substantially as set forth.
84. A galley adapted to receive lines of type line by line, in combination with
mechanism for setting up lines of type in column ready for the galley press, consisting
of a case composed of three sides and one loose end, the latter so composed as to move
freely from one end of the case to the other, or from top to bottom, and finally
resting on the turned up ends of the two narrow sides of the said case, substantially
as set forth.
85. In connection with mechanism for setting up lines of type in column, a galley
having three sides, the two narrow sides longer than the third side and turned up to
form a support for the loose end, and keep the galley in place, in combination with
two pivotted pawls, clamps or tighteners attached to sides of galley case, and adapted
to hold said column case in position, substantially as set forth.
Dabad thin 10th 1
T
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.