IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC, MAGNETO-ELECTRIC, AND ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Godfrey Gümpel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1880.
CHARLES GODFREY GÜMPEL, of No. 49, Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC, MAGNETO-ELECTRIC, AND
ELECTRO-DYNAMIC MACHINES."
My Invention relates to the construction of dynamo-electric and magneto-
electric machines for producing electric currents, or of electro-dynamic machines
for conversion of electricity into motive power, and consists cheifly in a special form
of rotating armature and a special manner of winding upon it the insulated wire.
In the well known Paccinotti ring armature, as applied in the Gramme machine,
a considerable portion of the wire occupying the interior of the ring is useless, and
there is a difficulty in firmly securing the coiled ring to the rotating axis, whilst
the coiling of the wire also presents considerable difficulty. In the cylinder
armature, as used in the Siemens machine, the wire on the surface of the cylinder
has a tendency to fly off, owing to the centrifugal force when the armature is
rotating at great speed, and when the cylinder is large a great quantity of
the wire which has to cross the ends becomes ineffective. In order to avoid these
objections I make the rotating armature in the form of a hollow open ended shell
of magnetic material, either in one solid piece or built up of sheet, wire, hoop, or
other convenient form of iron, and of a shape approaching that of an ellipsoid, the
middle of the armature being larger in diameter than the two ends. I notch the
ends of the shell or divide them by projecting fins, which may be continued as ribs
along the outer surface of the shell, thus forming a number of sections or divisions
for the reception of the insulated wire, which I wind thereon in the following
manner In a Provisional Specification dated 24th July 1880, No. 3041, I have
described the arrangement of an even number exceeding two of short magnetic
fields around a rotating armature. Assuming that there are four such fields, then
I arrange the wire on the shell in a number of divisions or sections, which is a
multiple of four by any odd number. If, for example, the odd number selected
be 5, so that the number of sections is 20, then I wind the wire in these sections in
one of three ways as follows:-
First. I wind forwards along No. 1 division, backwards along No. 6, forwards
again along No. 11, backwards along No. 16, and thence again to No. 1, leaving
free both ends of the wire so wound. I wind another wire in a similar manner

page_text: along Nos. 3, 8, 13, and 18; a third wire similarly along Nos. 5, 10, 15, and 20;
a fourth wire similarly along Nos. 7, 12, 17, and 2; and a fifth wire similarly along
Nos. 9. 14, 19, and 4; thus filling all the 20 divisions by five wires presenting
10 free ends, which I connect to the plates of a commutator provided with brushes
or collectors in the usual manner. Secondly. I may wind the wire as follows:-
One wire I lead forwards along division No. 1, backwards along No. 6, forwards
along No. 11, backwards along No. 6, and again to No. 1, thus half filling Nos. 1
and 11, and entirely filling No. 6. A second wire is led forwards along No. 11,
backwards along No. 16, forwards along No. 1, and backwards along No. 16, and
again to No. 11, thus filling up Nos. 1, 11, and 16. In a similar manner I deal
with Nos. 2, 7, and 12; 12, 17, and 2; 3, 8, and 13; 13, 8, and 3, ; 4, 9, and 14; 14,
19, and 4; 5, 10, and 15; 15, 20, and 5. The armature is thus covered by 10 wires,
the ends of which are connected to the commutator, which in this case is provided
with 4 brushes or collectors.
Thirdly. I wind a wire along Nos. 1 and 6 till they are half filled, so with
Nos. 2 and 7, Nos. 3 and 8, Nos. 4 and 9, Nos. 5 and 10, Nos. 6 and 11, Nos. 7 and
12, Nos. 8 and 13, Nos. 9 and 14, Nos. 10 and 15, Nos. 11 and 16, Nos. 12 and 17,
Nos. 13 and 18, Nos. 14 and 19, Nos. 15 and 20, Nos. 16 and 1, Nos. 17 and 2, and
so on till all are filled. I thus employ 20 wires presenting 40 ends, which may be
separately connected to 40 plates of a commutator having 4 brushes or collectors,
or the pairs of ends of the wires entering each division may be connected to
20 plates of a commutator having 4 brushes or collectors.
When the number of polar fields is 6, 8, or any other even number, and when
the number of divisions of the armature is a multiple of the number of fields by an
odd number other than 5, the methods of winding and connecting the wire are
similar to those of which I have given examples above, the commutator baving
in each case a number of brushes or collectors suited to the number of separate
currents to be collected.
Although I have above described my Invention as applied to a machine for the
production of electricity, a similar construction and arrangement are applicable
when the machine is employed as an electro-dynamic machine for the conversion of
electricity into motive power, the electricity in this case being conveyed to and
from the cominutator brushes or collectors. When alternating electric currents are
required, as, for example, for electric lighting, the wires arranged as above described,
or some of them, may be connected to insulated rings provided with brushes or
collectors.