CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS ADD CHOLAR CAVEMPHATION OF THE PERICARDIEM WAFAD RATY WADO "
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ashworth, of Turton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
ADD CHOLAR CAVEMPHATION OF THE PERICARDIEM WAFAD RATY WADO
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ashworth at. the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1854.
I, JOHN ASHWORTH, of Turton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates particularly to that portion of the apparatus used in
the construction of the permanent way of railways commonly known as
"chairs." My improvement consists in the application, employment, or use
of a plate, or portion of a plate, or bar of iron, or any other suitable material,
the sides of which shall correspond with the respective surfaces of the chair
and rail between which it may be placed, such plate, or portion of a plate, or
bar being adjusted or "tightened up" by means of a screw passing through
one side of the chair, and against the plate, or portion of plate, or bar, in which

page_text: is drilled or otherwise sunk a hole or perforation, thereby (when the rail is
tightened up), and by the use of a lock nut, permanently securing the plate and
preventing any lateral or other shifting. I likewise employ a stop nut, for the
better securing the screw when tightened up. In lieu of tapping or screwing
through the entire side of the chair, I would prefer to cast the chair with a
recess on the interior or the side for the screw, wherein a block or nut may be
dropped, and considerable saving in the screwing or tapping of the chairs be
eflected, as the nut only will require to be cut. At the junction of rails I
adapt a larger chair and four screws; two employed in conjunction with a plate
or bar between the rail and chair, as before described, and the other two screws
passing through the opposite side of the chair into countersunk holes, one sunk
in each rail, thereby permanently securing the rail (when tightened up) from
shifting longitudinally. The casting of these junction chairs with recesses for
the reception of blocks or nuts would also effect a considerable economy.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ashworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
January 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ASHWORTH, of Turton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
'did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Ashworth, Her especial licence, that I, the said John Ashworth, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John
Ashworth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Ash-
worth, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ashworth, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My Invention relates particularly to that portion of the apparatus used in
the construction of the "permanent way" of railways commonly known as
"chairs." My improvement consists in the application, employment, or use of
a plate, or portion of a plate, or bar of iron. or any other suitable material,
the sides of which shall correspond with the respective surfaces of the chair
and rail or rails between which it may be placed, such plate, or portion of a
plate, or bar being adjusted or "tightened up" by means of a screw or screws
passing through one side of the chair, and bearing against the plate, or portion
of plate, or bar, in which is drilled or otherwise sunk a hole or holes or
perforation, thereby (when the rail is tightened up), and by the use of a lock
nut, permanently securing the plate or bar, and preventing any lateral or other
shifting. I likewise employ a stop nut or nuts for the better securing the
screw or screws when tightened up. In lieu of tapping or screwing through
the entire side of the chair, it may be desirable to cast the chair with a recess
on the interior on the side for the screw, wherein a block or nut may be
dropped, and considerable saving in the screwing or tapping of the chair be
effected, as the nut only will require to be cut. But in order that my Inven-
tion may be better understood and explained in detail, I have hereunto
attached a Sheet of Drawing made about full size. The chair shewn and
referred to is of the kind I employ at the juncture of the rails, the chair being
tapped or screwed, in lieu of nuts, as herein-before described; (but in those
chairs employed as "single chairs," one side screw will suffice, and half the
width of chair). Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of my Invention;
Fig. 2, an end view; Fig. 3, a plan view; and Fig. 4, a back elevation of the
Similar letters of reference are placed upon corresponding parts of the
apparatus. In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, a is a plate or bar of iron, or other suitable
material, fitting between the outer side of the rail 6 and the inner side of the
chair c; d, d, are set screws, screwed through the chair c, and pressing or
bearing against the bar or plate a, for the purpose of securing the rail between
it and the other side of the chair; e, e, are lock nuts, for keeping the said set
screws fixed, after having been tightened up against the bar or plate, and
thereby preventing any lateral or other shifting of the rail.
same.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim as of my Invention,-
First, the use or application of the bar or plate a, a.
Secondly, the mode of fixing or securing the same against the rail, namely, .
by means of set screws and lock nuts.
And, thirdly, the general construction and arrangement of the whole herein-
before described Invention, as constituting my improved apparatus to be
employed in the construction of the permanent way of railways.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ashworth, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN ASHWORTH. (L.S.)