IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM TEXTILE MATERIALS, YARNS, AND FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Shaw, of Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk,
North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS
FOR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM TEXTILE MATERIALS, YARNS, AND FABRICS."
Sealed the 20th March 1877, and dated the 25th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Shaw at the Office of
the Cominissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1876.
JAMES SHAW, of Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk, North Britain, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM TEXTILE MATERIALS,
YARNS, AND FABRICS."
This Invention relates to rollers for expressing liquids and used in connection
with apparatus for scouring, bleaching, washing, dyeing, and otherwise treating
textile materials, yarns, and fabrics with liquids.
The Invention consists in applying covers of vulcanised rubber to the rollers, but
in a better manner than as heretofore attempted to be done. The cast-iron roller
is rougb-turned on the part that is to be covered, and the rubber cover is moulded
and cured on a cylindrical surface made as true as possible and slightly larger than
the roller to be covered. The cover is not cemented to the roller or in any way
made to adhere to it, but is loose and free to creep round it, whilst accommodating
itself to the pressing or squeezing action. It is this looseness which constitutes the
improvement and which renders the rollers much more efficient and durable, and so
that they can be worked with less force.
In some cases a compressible or elastic packing of yarn or other suitable material
may be advantageously introduced between the surface of the metal roller and the
rubber cover.
In cases in which the feed or progress of the goods between the rollers is irregular
or unequal the rubber covers may be applied in rings or sections which can move
independently of each other, and thereby avoid the twisting that would occur with
a long cover in one piece. Also, if one ring should get damaged it could be replaced
without renewing the entire cover.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Shaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd March
1877.
JAMES SHAW, of Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk, North Britain, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR EXPRESSING LIQUID FROM TEXTILE MATERIALS,
YARNS, AND FABRICS."
My said Invention relates to rollers for expressing liquids and used in connection
with apparatus for scouring, bleaching, washing, dyeing, and otherwise treating
textile materials, yarns, and fabrics with liquids.
My Invention consists in applying covers of vulcanised rubber to the rollers, but
in a better manner than as heretofore attempted to be done, the essential feature of
my improved mode of application consisting in the rubber cover not being cemented
to the roller or in any way made to adhere to it, but being loose and free to creep
round whilst accommodating itself to the pressing or squeezing action. This
looseness renders the rollers much more efficient and durable, and so that they can
be worked with less force.
In cases in which the feed or progress of the goods between the rollers is apt to
become irregular or unequal the rubber covers may be applied in rings or sections
which can move independently of each other, and thereby avoid the twisting that
would occur with a long cover in one piece. Also, if any ring should get damaged
it could be replaced without renewing the entire cover.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append a Sheet of explanatory Drawings,
to be herein-after referred to, and representing my improved arrangements. In
these Drawings the same reference letters are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one modification of my improved squeezing roller
and Figure 2 is a cross section of the roller. The outer cover C of vulcanised
rubber inay be placed immediately upon the iron body B of the roller, such body B
being rough-turned on its outer surface; but I prefer and find it advantageous in
practice to interpose between the iron body B and the rubber cover C a coating of
vulcanite or hard-cured rubber, which is shown in Figure 2 by a thick black circle
between the body B and cover C. This vulcanite coating is cured upon the roller
body B, or otherwise made adherent to it, but it is essential to my Invention to
have the outer cover C loose upon the surface which it covers, and such outer
cover C is cured in the ordinary way of vulcanising rubber upon a metal cylinder
of a suitable size. The arrangement works satisfactorily with a rubber cover C
about one inch thick upon a vulcanite coating three-eighths or one quarter of an
inch thick, but these thicknesses may be varied. The surface of the iron body B
of the roller may be grooved or fluted, as shown in cross section in Figures 3 and 4.
Instead of the vulcanite coating there may be interposed between the rubber
cover C and the iron body B a compressible or elastic packing of yarn or felt, or a
shell of wood or other suitable material or composition; and when such packing or
shell is used it should be about as thick as or thicker than what is in Figures 2
and 4 shown for the vulcanite and iron body B together, the body being made so
much smaller for the same external diameter of the complete roller. When the
rubber cover C is made in sections, as herein-before mentioned, such sections may
conveniently be of the sizes indicated by the vertical dotted lines in Figure 1. The
iron body B is by preference made with projecting ends E (Figure 1) which keep in
place the rubber cover C, whether it be in one piece or in several sections; and
these ends E work beyond and slightly overlap the ends of the lower or other
roller, which latter roller may be a plain iron one or one covered like that shown in
Figures 1 and 2, and herein-before described.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details

page_text: herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and original, and
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1. The fitting of rollers for expressing liquids from textile materials, yarns, and
fabrics, with loose covers of vulcanised rubber, as herein-before described.
2. The fitting of rollers for expressing liquids from textile materials, yarns, and
fabrics, with vulcanised-rubber covers which are in separate loose sections, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Shaw, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JAMES SHAW. (L.S.)