matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Knight Pearce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1870.
JOSEPH KNIGHT PEARCE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAINS."
This Invention refers to the formation of the links of chains in such manner that
they can be put together without soldering, brazing, or welding, and when made in
metals which require lapping or polishing, such operations may be performed on
each link separately and before being put together into a chain. With this view I
make one link of the form shewn at A, and without any opening, another of the
form shewn at B, so that when put together the studs (a, a,) are engaged in the
slots (b, b,) and thus form a double hold, the link appearing as seen at C, and being
put together by the closing of the parts only. To do this effectually and to prevent
the springing back of the open link it is necessary whilst holding the parts together
to strike the open link sharply on the crown, when the expansion of the metal by
the blow causes it to retain its position. Other forms of link may be connected in
similar manner.
IMPROVED DOUBLE ACTION SASHES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Gibbon Law at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1876.
EDWARD GIBBON LAW, of 38, Boyson Road, in the County of Surrey, Joiner.
"IMPROVED DOUBLE ACTION SASHES."
They move up and down in the ordernary way, but at the same time they can
be opened and shut like a door. There is a peice of wood about 1/4 × 7 with a
plough groove on each side of it fixed in the middle of the whole lenght of the
pulley stiles; between this and the lining of the sash frame run up and down in the
said plough grooves four peices of wood (the lenght of the sashes), to which the sash
line is attached in the following manner:-The line is first passed down a plough
grove in the back to a large hole in the front where a knot is tied. By taking
out one screw in the pulley stiles the pocket peice falls out so that a new line can
be easily be put in.
The top sash is hung with hinges to the back peice of wood on the left-hand side,
and is fastened to the back peice of wood on the right-hand side with a flush bolt.
The bottom sash is hung with hinges to the front peice of wood (which is flush
with the linings of the sash frame) on the left hand side, and is fastened to the
front peice of wood on the right-hand side.
It will be seen that when both sashes are open like a door that the two peices of
wood on the right hand side would run up to the top of the sash frame, but for which
I have provided a suitable fastning which keep them in their proper places.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Mechanic Engineers. INDICATORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Karl Robert Schramm and George
Oxborough Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th
May 1876.
KARL ROBERT SCHRAMM and GEORGE OXBOROUGH WALKER, both of 67,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Strand, in the City of Westminster, Mechanical Engineers.
INDICATORS."
The improvements have reference to indicators, intended more particularly for
public cabs and conveyances where it is desired to register each mile when travelled,
and consist in the application to a convenient part of one of the wheels or the axle of
such vehicles of an impinging stud or striker, which, as the wheel or axle revolves,
strikes and actuates a lever and indicating apparatus next to be described.. The
indicating apparatus is composed of a main lever suitably hinged and jointed on
the lower end on which the striker impinges, and as it does so the upper end, which
is furnished with a pawl, inserts said pawl between the teeth of a toothed wheel
and causes it to make forward movements corresponding to the width of cach
tooth. This wheel works a star wheel in such manner that a certain number of
rovolutions of the first or driving wheel causes the latter to advance, and by means
of a lever move a dial plate furnished with pins. The dial plate is furnished also
with figures. According to the position of the striker on the wheel or axlo the
wheels and dial are proportioned, and the apparatus is so constructed as to register
forward travelling only. The improvements can be performed by making the
various parts of metal and conveniently enclosing them in a box or case, and so
arranged that on a mile being completed 1 is shewn on the dial, and on the
completion of the second milo 2, and so on, or other indicators may be used. The
improvements further embrace any convenient mechanism for placing the dial at
zero, and the wheels in position to register from zero, so that on a new hiring
of the vehicle the occupant can set the dial and the indicator read from such now
hiring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1876. A communication from
abroad by Charles Juron, of Lyons, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS." A communication from abroad by Charles
Juron, of Lyons, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
This Invention consists in constructing cocks with a stop arranged in such a
manner that when the cock is shut the plug is secured and maintained in the
position which closes the passage, so that the cock cannot become opened again
accidentally or otherwise than at the will of the operator.
In carrying out this Invention in order to obtain this result a bolt is provided
either on the side of the body or socket of the cock, or at the top or at the bottom
of the same, the extremity of which bolt enters the plug automatically when the
cock is shut, and prevents any accidental rotation of the said plug.
According to one modification a cylindrical projection or bearing is cast or
otherwise affixed to the side of the body of the cock, through which is passed a bolt
terminating in a button, and acted on by a spiral spring. When the cock is closed
and the hole in the plug is perpendicular to the axis of the cock the bolt impelled
by the spring enters the said hole, and thus prevents any rotation of the plug. In
order to move the latter it is necessary to liberate voluntarily the bolt with one hand
by pulling the button, and to cause the plug to make a quarter of a revolution with
the other hand. The cock is then open, and the plug maintains the bolt drawn
back until the moment when in closing the cock the said bolt under the action of
the spring again enters the orifice in the plug.
According to another modification in lieu of arranging the small bolt in the body
or plug socket itself it is placed in a small lug cast with or otherwise affixed, either
to the upper or lower part of the body, and upon any side, as may be found most
convenient.
According to a further modification the bolt is carried by a nut or union attached
to the cock, and is worked by drawing back projecting balls, with which it is
provided in substitution for the button herein-before referred to.
The bolt may be placed vertically in lieu of horizontally, as in the arrangements
heroin-before described, its extremity then catches or engages in a hole or notch
formed in a flat collar fixed upon the plug.

page_text: In lieu of the small bolt herein-before referred to a plain flat steel spring may be
employed, which when the plug is turned so as to close the cock catches in a notch
formed in a ring surrounding the plug either above or below the socket.
When it is desired to open the cock it is simply necessary to release the spring
from the notch, in which it re-engages itself automatically when the cock is closed.
It is obvious that the apparatus admits of other modifications whilst still
retaining the principle upon which the Invention is based.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wülfing at the Office of the
A communication from
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1876.
abroad by the Firm of Albert Anschel and Gustav Herberts, of Barinen,
Germany.
ROBERT WOLFING, of Barmen, Germany, at present of King Street, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS."
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of buttons used for trimming
articles of dress, whereby they may be more securely attached to the fabric, are
much stronger, and they are at the same time considerably enhanced in appearance.
The foundation of the button is made in two halves, of hemispherical form, from
sheet metal or other material, and covered with silk, mohair, or other fabric
ordinarily used for the purpose. This covering is turned in around the edges of
cach half of the button, and the two halves are then firmly clamped together by a
metal ring covered to correspond with the button itself. This ring, besides forming
a raised rib around the button, which enhances its appearance, is made to form a
substitute for the shank by which dress buttons are usually attached, for which
purpose a slight depression or channel is made in the two halves of the body or
foundation, which leaves sufficient space between the ring and the button at that
point for passing the needle to and fro in sewing on the button. The buttons inay
be made of other form than that described.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELLING HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Colby Mackrow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1876.
GEORGE COLBY MACKROW, of Essex Lodge, Plaistow, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELLING HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
My improvements consist in the means usually adopted to distinguish homoeo-
pathic medicines or other similar fluids from each other when mixed for use by
the sick.
Whereas it has been customary to use porcelain medicine cups which are costly
and fragile, and having prepared spaces either on the cup or lid in order to write
the name of the medicine in use, my Invention consists in preparing metal labels
having the name of a medicine engraved or stamped thereon, which being bent in
the form of a clip or hook I hang over the edge of a glass, jelly pot, or other
vessel containing the medicine named on the label, and thus obviate the necessity
of the above costly cups.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alexander and David Tyne
Lansley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1876.
EDWARD ALEXANDER and DAVID TYNE LANSLEY, both of Corinium Iron Works,
Cirencester, in the County of Gloucester, Engineers and Boiler Makers. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOILERS."
$$
The improvements have reference to the construction of vertical steam boilers,
and consist in the application of an internal inverted fire box or pot, together with
circulating tubes connecting the outside water space with the inside pot, also in
taking the smoke or fire tubes from the lowest point of the internal pot and termi-
nating them in the smoke chamber. The Invention may be performed by making a
vertical metal boiler and smoke tube in the usual way with the internal inverted fire
pot of metal of a tapering form projecting downwards within the said boiler, sufficient
space being left between its bottom and the fire-bars for fuel and its proper com-
bustion; and the circulating tubes of metal may be arranged in any convenient
manner between the outside water space and the inside pot. The smoke or fire
tubes of metal may be any convenient number but fixed in the bottom of internal
pot at one end and suitably fixed at their termination in the smoke box at the
other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAT AND CLOTHES PEGS, OR HOOKS AND OTHER SUPPORTS FOR VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Neville Sawkins, of no fixed residence, but at present
of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAT AND CLOTHES PEGS, OR HOOKS AND OTHER SUPPORTS
FOR VARIOUS ARTICLES."
Scaled the 19th May 1876, and dated the 3rd March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Neville Sawkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1876.
JAMES NEVILLE SAWKINS, of no fixed residence, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAT AND CLOTHES
PEGS, OR HOOKS AND OTHER SUPPORTS FOR VARIOUS ARTICLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in hat and clothes pegs, or hooks
and other supports for various articles for use, either in the home, shop, store, or
other place. For this purpose I form the socket for the peg, hook, or other support
of cast metal. It is made with an ear or projection having one or more screw
holes formed therein to enable it to be fixed in any required position. I form it
preferably curved, so that when used for a horizontal support the lower end
thoreof shall stand out some little distance from the wall or other support to which
the bracket is fixed, whilst the upper end bears against such wall or support and
forms a fulcrum to aid the scrow or screws in supporting the weight. The bracket or
socket is formed with cheeks connected together at the upper and lower parts,
so that the peg, hook, or other support may, when pushed therein, bear against
the upper part and rest upon the lower part thereof, thereby obtaining a secure
support in the bracket or socket; and, according to my Invention, I split or divide
the ends of the pegs, hooks, or other supports, so that when pushed into the
brackets or sockets they shall be sprung therein and thereby become securely fixed
in position. The brackets or sockets may be fixed to a vertical, horizontal, or
inclined support, and the peg, hook, or support may be inserted into the bracket
or socket in a direction parallel or at right angles to its back. Instead of forming
the bracket or socket as above described of a curved form to enable it to receive the
pegs, hooks, or other supports in positions parallel or at right angles to the back
thereof, I sometimes form it in other shapes with openings or sockets at right or
other angles to each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND SCOURING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Kilburn, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND SCOURING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 9th March 1877, and dated the 13th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Kilburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1876.
RICHARD KILBURN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
IN WASHING AND SCOURING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention consists in the employment of three rollers working together, that
is to say, one roller supporting other two rollers at different parts of its circum-
ference; or the two rollers may occupy the lower position and support a single top
roller. Cloth or other material passing between such rollers is subjected to twice
the amount of pressure and squeezing that it would be if passed through a pair of
rollers only, and it is found also that rollers arranged as above described do not
tear or drag the material, which frequently occurs when two pairs of rollers are
used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Kilburn in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 13th March
1877.
RICHARD KILBURN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING AND SCOURING MACHINES."
This Invention consists in the employment of three rollers working together, that
is to say, one roller supporting other two rollers at different parts of its circum-
ference; or the two rollers may occupy the lower position and support a single top
roller. Cloth or other material passing between such rollers is subjected to twice
the amount of pressure and squeezing that it would do if passed through a pair of
rollers only, and it is found also that rollers arranged as above described do not
tear or drag the material, which frequently occurs when two pairs of rollers are
used.

page_text: In order that my invention may be fully understood I herein give reference to
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof.
Fig. 1 shews the bottom roller A supporting the two top ones B, B, which are
mounted in guides in the framework, and the pressure regulated by springs C, C.
The shaft of the roller A carries the driving pulley, the upper rollers being caused to
revolve by frictional contact.
Fig. 2 shews the reverse of the above arrangement, by which I can dispense with
one set of springs.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and shown by Drawings how
the same is performed or carried into practice, I would have it understood that I
claim, the arrangement of rollers herein described, with or without the use of springs,
and irrespective of the manner of driving the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Kilburn, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
RTANT INO
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CERTAIN AIR-PROOF ARTICLES FROM A SINGLE CLOTH COATED WITH INDIA-RUBBER.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh Macintosh and
William Boggett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd
March 1876.
JOHN MACINTOSH MACINTOSH, of Wilson Street, Finsbury, India-rubber Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Chelsea, Gentleman, both in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING CERTAIN AIR-PROOF ARTICLES FROM A
SINGLE CLOTH COATED WITH INDIA-RUBBER.'
"
Our Invention consists in constructing gas bags, the interior lining of foot balls,
cushions, and beds of india-rubber, coated single cloth in the following manner :-
We first bring the edges of these articles together (with the india-rubber outermost
and previous to being vulcanized) upon a smooth iron anvil, when by tapping them
with a small hammer they become strongly united. We then cover the parts so
joined with a narrow strip of cloth coated india-rubber which makes them very
strong and air-tight; when vulcanized the articles are ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING CONTINUOUS BRAKES BY COM- PRESSED AIR, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO CONTINUOUS BRAKES OTHERWISE OPERATED."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Me Innes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876.
JOHN MCINNES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING CONTINUOUS BRAKES BY COM-
PRESSED AIR, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO CONTINUOUS BRAKES OTHERWISE
OPERATED."
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in that class of brakes
operated by compressed air and known as the steel Mc Innes reaction brake, and it
lias for its objects to release the air rapidly from the cylinders, by escaping directly
and at once from them into the atmosphere in place of travelling back through the
pipe, and escaping either through the three-way cock on the tender, or through a
valve or cock in the guard's van or in a carriage, according to the place in the train
from which the compressed air which keeps the brakes off has been allowed to
escape accordingly as the brakes have been applied by the engineman, guards, or
by a passenger. This object is effected by means of a compound valve of peculiar
construction placed in the upper part of each cylinder. The valve consists of two
parts, an inner and outer part, the inner part having one seat, the other a double
seat. When the air is admitted throughout the train to take off and keep off the
brakes, the inner valve is blown down off its seat in the outer valve, so that the air
at once descends into the cylinders, forces down the pistons, and keeping them down
withdraws the brakes. When on the other hand the air is released the reaction of
that in the cylinders by which the pistons have been kept down at once blows up
the inner valve to its seat in the outer valve, and there being no other escape for
the air this outer valve is at once lifted, and thereby an opening direct into the
atmosphere is exposed through which the air escapes, thus enabling the brakes to be
applied with greater rapidity than at present.
The second part of the Invention relates to a lever and link arrangement for
drawing the brake blocks on to or against the wheels. The blocks themselves are
suspended at the proper level from the framing of the carriage or other vehicle by
links, springs, or the equivalent thereof, and a lever is also applied whose fulcrum
[Price 21

page_text: is preferably about the centre of one of the blocks. The lower arm of this lever is
connected by a tie to a point somewhere near the 'middle of another block. The
upper arm of the lever is connected by a link or tie to the lever by which the brakes
are operated, and accordingly as that lever is raised or lowered so both blocks, if
two are applied to each wheel are put on or off, or one block at opposite sides of 5
two pairs of wheels.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LIFE PRESERVING TRAVELLING SATCHEL OR PURSE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1876. A communication from
abroad by Benvenuto Benedetto d'Alessandro, of Rome, in Italy.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "A NEW OR IMPROVED LIFE PRESERVING TRAVELLING SATCHEL OR
PURSE." A communication from abroad by Benvenuto Benedetto d'Alessandro, of
Rome, in Italy.
This Invention consists of a satchel or travelling purse composed of two parts.
On one side it is an ordinary travelling satchel for containing money, valuables,
spirit flask, and so forth, and on the other it forms a life buoy. On pulling up a
brass ring (which is at the upper part of the satchel, and is attached to a strap)
it escapes and sets free a spring which opens out around the said strap (to which
the satchel is attached), a cylinder of waterproof cloth or india-rubber, which being
forced out by the spring, fills itself with air, which immediately enters by a tube of
brass or india-rubber, and thus the cylinder is filled with air.
The tube is then closed by a stopper, and the life buoy is ready to be attached to
the person who carries it, and who on falling into the water would remain floating
on the surface with the head and shoulders out of the water in a vertical position,
or in any other position, if he possesses a knowledge of swimming.
The bulk and weight of this new life buoy is only that of an ordinary travelling
purse or satchel, made more or less large according to the corpulence of the person by
whom it is used, who will not experience any inconvenience, as it is carried the
same as an ordinary satchel, and it is evident that in the case of the most unforseen
shipwreck, or of any other accidental immersion, he will always have upon his
person, and within easy reach, a certain means of saving life; all that is necessary
being to release the ring, and when the spring has expanded to close the air tube.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehead and Louis Rollier
Whitehead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September
1876.
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Accountant,
and LOUIS ROLLIER WHITEHEAD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Agent.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS.'
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to ornament
the surface of glass by attaching thereto other glass of different color or colors to
that of which the surface is composed. This has hitherto been done by fusion, and
it has been in this manner that the much admired jewelled glass has been produced,
but the process of fusion is an expensive and troublesome one, although up to the
present time, so far as we are aware, no other process which has been tried has
proved successful in producing the desire result.
We have however now ascertained after much experiment that if a perfectly
transparent cement could be procured which had at the same time the necessary
cohesive property, the same result might be attained, and our Invention consists
substantially in first providing certain ornaments of glass which are technically
known as "paste," we then heat the surface upon which the ornament is desired to
be attached to the required degree, and we then provide as a cement the substance
known as gum mastic," and a sufficient quantity of this being pressed upon and
dissolved on the heated surface of the glass, the paste is now placed upon the cement
so dissolved and remains secure upon the surface of the glass.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1876. A commnni-
cation from abroad by Jean Louis Honoré Vincent, of St. Etienne (Loire),
France, Avoué.
°
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS FOR VEHICLES."
A com-
munication from abroad by Jean Louis Honoré Vincent, of St. Etienne (Loire),
France, Avoué.
This Invention relates to moveable or swing seats for either two or four wheeled
vehicles.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Figure 1 shows in cross section a seat
embodying this Invention and intended for four persons placed back to back;
Figure 2 shows in longitudinal section an English cart with improved seat for
two; Figure 3, cross section through cart showing seat in elevation; and Figure 4,
a vertical section through axis of suspension pin or spindle.
The apparatus is composed of an ordinary seat on each side of which is fixed a
frame of metal (iron, steel, copper, or bronze) or even of wood A, B, C. At A is a
pin or spindle also of metal which rests in a recess on the edge of the side or body
of the vehicle, or upon an independent support if the sides of the vehicle should not
be of sufficient height. Thus placed the seat is suspended like a swing and its
oscillating movements backward and forward are completely independent of those
of the vehicle itself.
The persons seated always remain placed in the normal or perpendicular position,
whether in ascending or in descending an incline.
Supposing a sudden stoppage of the vehicle from the fall of the horse or other
cause, the body is instinctively thrown backward, the seat moves forward, following
an arc of a circle, because it always moves around a fixed point, and so places itself
that any fall forward is impossible, as is also any backward fall, as the traverse of
the pieces A, B, C, is limited by a stop notch.
If it is desired to make the seat with two places into one for four back to back,
the point of suspension and the point attachment remain the same, the seat is
simply made broader and the back rest placed in the middle so as to divide it
longitudinally into two equal parts. One, two, three, or more of these moveable or

page_text: swing seats may be applied, according to the length of the carriage, car, cart,
waggon, waggonette or other vehicle.
At Figure 4 of the Drawing the pivot pin or spindle is shown resting on a spiral
spring sunk in the thickness of the wood, but this arrangement has no other object
but to lessen any slight jolts and does not form part of this Invention; the pivot
pin or spindle may rest in a simple notch or recess made in the lateral sides of the
vehicle, a strap or band of metal passing across it to keep it from coming out of the
recess.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hillman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1876.
WILLIAM HILLMAN, of the Firm of Hillman & Herbert, Machinists, Coventry,
in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES."
My Invention relates to improvements whereby the driving or propelling of
bicycles is greatly facilitated.
According to the said Invention I provide a bicycle with mechanism whereby the
For this
power of the hands is made available in addition to that of the feet.
purpose I combine with the ordinary pedals or treadles hand levers which are con-
nected to the said pedals by suitable rods. The said levers are fitted to rock or
oscillate upon the ordinary guiding bar of the bicycle, and extend forward from the
same, their outer extremities being pivoted or pin-jointed to the said connecting
rods. About midway between the said guiding bar, which forms their fulcrum
and their outer ends, the said levers are provided with handles which are similar
to the ordinary guiding handles of these vehicles, and project outward parallel with
the same.
In using the bicycle the rider can either work entirely with his feet or with his
hands, or with both together, and can guide the vehicle either by the ordinary
handles or the said lever handles.
The attachment of the connecting rods to the pedals prevents their being turned
over or upside down while permitting the pedal pins to turn freely in them, as
usual.
I may adapt this Invention to bicycles of the ordinary construction, or may
combine the same with the improvements in bicycles described in the Specification
of my former Letters Patent dated August 12, 1876, No. 3197.
It has been an object with bicycle manufacturers to render these vehicles capable
of great speed, without excessively large wheels, and for this purpose it has been
attempted to utilize the arrangement of gearing known as the sun and planet wheel.
This attempt has not hitherto proved successful, but I now combine the sun and
planet wheel with the improvements above described, that is to say, I attach the
lower end of the connecting rod to the planet wheel in such a manner as to keep
the said wheel always in the proper position relatively to the sun wheel, so that no
effort on the part of the rider is necessary for this purpose..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR DISINFECTING AND DEODORIZING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alexander Keyworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1876.
GEORGE ALEXANDER KEYWORTH, F.C.S., of Hadleigh House, Hastings, in the
County of Sussex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER AND SUCH
LIKE MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR DISINFECTING AND DEODORIZING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the preparation of paper and paper pulp and substances
composed of combined layers of paper or of paper pulp in such a nanner as to render
the same useful as vehicles for the carriage and dissemination of certain chemical
agents which are capable of being usefully employed for disinfecting and deodorizing
purposes (and in some cases exercising an antiseptic influence) in connection with
waterclosets, drains, sewers, or any other places or under any circumstances in which
the same can be advantageously applied.
The paper or other material or combination of materials of the like nature is
saturated with a solution or solutions possessing disinfecting or deodorizing
properties, or both, and then dried. The substance possessing those properties
which, by preference, is employed for the purposes of this Invention, is a saturated
solution of ferric sulphate, but other materials and agents may be used which are
capable of producing the same effects, such as potassic, permanganate salts, or
preparations of chlorine, or of carbolic acid, or of sulphuric or nitric acids, or
substances of any kind, such as carbon (or charcoal) or gypsum, or calcic sulphate,
iron, and its salts or compounds which can be employed for disinfecting or
deodorizing purposes, the same being combined with paper or paper pulp, and
afterwards dried and so rendered portable for the purpose of being applied in a
dried or in a moistened state, as may be desired.
In practically applying this Invention to disinfecting and deodorizing water-
closets, and also in some other cases when desirable, very thin paper is used, and
preferably that kind which is ordinarily known as " whitey brown" paper, the
entire surface or a part only of the same being saturated with the chemical agent
employed.
In the case of waterclosets the prepared paper is placed in and about the pans of
the waterclosets, so as to neutralize and deodorize the effluvia arising therefrom.
In some cases in which a greater amount of saturated material is requisite, as for

page_text: example, at the outlet of drains or sewers a mass of pulp or cardboard or pasteboard
is employed, and the same may be advantageously prepared by combining the
disinfecting or deodorizing material or materials. therewith in the process of
manufacture.
The paper or such like material is in some cases by preference employed in an
unsized or bibulous state, so that it will more readily absorb and take up and retain
the chemical agent or agents which is or are applied thereto or combined therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF CINDERS FROM IRON PUDDLING, HEATING, AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Nevill, of Llanelly, in the County of
Caermarthen, South Wales, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF CINDERS FROM IRON PUDDLING, HEATING, AND OTHER FURNACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Nevill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY NEVILL, of Llanelly, in the County of Caermarthen, South
Wales. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CINDERS FROM IRON PUDDLING,
HEATING, AND OTHER FURNACES."
And
The Invention relates to the treatment of the oxides technically known in the
manufacture of wrought iron and steel as cinders, and which are obtained from
puddling, heating, and other furnaces employed in the said manufacture.
my Invention consists in applying a current or currents of air or steam, or a
combination of air and steam, or other gaseous substances, to the said cinders
whilst they are in a melted state. This may be done by passing the said current
or currents through the cinders while they are in a melted state in a reverberatory
or other furnace, or by tapping them out into a receptacle, and then passing by
means of a pipe or pipes properly arranged the current or currents of air, or steam,
or gaseous matter through them until they become thickened. Whilst in this
state the cinders may be turned out of the receptacle and at once divided into
smaller masses, or they may be allowed to set, and when cooled, broken up to any
required size. If required for repairing puddling furnaces they may be at once
used for the purpose, but I prefer to burn them in an ordinary bulldog kiln or
other convenient furnace, when they will be found to have a beneficial effect on the
quality and yield of the malleable iron, or they may be sent to the blast furnace
either burnt or unburnt (the former preferably) for reduction. A similar result,
or though not so complete, may be obtained by the mechanical agitation of the
melted cinders and subsequent treatment as above described, and which also forms
a part of my said Invention.
AN.IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876. A communication from
abroad by Anna Catherina Schmidt, of London, but at present residing in
Paris, France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN.IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS."
A communication from abroad by Anna Catherina Schmidt, of London, but at
present residing in Paris, France.
Many kinds of envelopes have been proposed for securing the inviolability of
letters, but none have been able to resist the application of heat, and especially
of steam, for softening the gum so that the envelope might be opened and regummed
instantly.
The object of this Invention is to overcome this defect by making the envelope
so that the part upon which the address is inscribed may be used to fasten it. The
flap of this envelope (see A of the Drawings), may be opened like that of others by
the influence of steam, but the envelope cannot be opened so as to permit the
withdrawal of its contents without partly effacing or defacing the address.
The main feature of this improved safety envelope is therefore the adhesion of
that part of the envelope upon which the address is written.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, Figure 1 shows a form of envelope to
which this Invention may be applied as cut and ready for folding. Figure 2 same
folded ready to receive a letter or other enclosure; and Figure 3 the same closed
and fastened.
In making this envelope the parts C, C, are folded on to D and the part E
brought upon them, these parts being gummed together in the ordinary way,
or the part E may be folded on to D, and C, C1, be gummed over it as may be
preferred.
The envelope then presents the appearance, Fig. 2. The parts E, C, C, are then
gummed over their entire outer surface, or the entire inner surface of the part B
may be gummed over, preference being, however, given to the first plan as being
most convenient and economical in manufacture.
The letter or enclosure being placed in the pocket, the gummed surface of E, C, C¹,
Paving A71

page_text: or of B, as the case may be, is moistened and the part B brought over on to the
pocket, the envelope being then closed as at Fig. 3.
It will be evident that the address being written upon the part B now gummed
to E, C, C, the envelope cannot be opened by the application of steam without
defacing the address.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL SHOOTS AND WEIGHING MACHINES, THE TWO BEING IN COMBINATION
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Wildes and William
Charles Arthur Roettger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th July 1876.
GEORGE HENRY WILDES, of 25, Lowndes Square, and WILLIAM CHARLES ARTHUR
ROETTGER, of Torrington Park, Finchley, Middlesex, Gentlemen. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COAL SHOOTS AND WEIGHING MACHINES, THE TWO BEING IN COMBINATION."
This Invention relates to the construction of a weighing machine to be attached
either to the frame of a coal hole, already in existence, let in the pavement in front
of dwellings and elsewhere, or in the establishment of such a coal hole and shoot,
in combination with such weighing machine for domestic or trade purposes.
The object of the improvement is to facilitate the weighing of coal arriving in
either sacks or bulk, and thereby controlling the actual weight received. This
machine is constructed as follows:-A moveable bottom plate reposing on two axles
is inserted by means of the two axles in two eyes or holes made in an iron frame,
on which reposes the plate or grating of the coal hole. On the one side of this
bottom plate the metal is much heavier than on the other to act as a lever for
112 lbs. of weight (or any other weight, which may be fitted on the opposite side
of the axle; as soon as the weight on the opposite side of the lever equalizes that of
the lever the lever side rises, and thereby delivers the goods placed to be weighed
in the space beneath.
In order to protect the lever side from merchandise falling upon it, and in order
to deliver directly the weight on the opposite side a moveable sliding plate is fitted
in a slanting position on the upper part of the frame or opening of which the plate
and the lever form the bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WEDDING AND OTHER RINGS, AND IN TOOLS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN 'HALL' MARKING AND OTHER- WISE MARKING THE SAID RINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thornton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1876.
JAMES THORNTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Goldsmith and
Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WEDDING AND OTHER RINGS,
AND IN TOOLS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN 'HALL' MARKING AND OTHER-
WISE MARKING THE SAID RINGS."
My Invention has for its object principally to facilitate the impressing of the
assay mark, commonly called the "Hallmark, on the inner surface of wedding
and other rings. My said Invention is however applicable to the impressing of
other marks on the inner surface of the said rings.
In manufacturing wedding and other rings according to my Invention I first
make them of a nearly elliptical figure, the said figure being that of two segments
of a circle of the same radius, and in making rings of different sizes I make them of
larger segments, but without change in the radius of the circle.
By this method of manufacture rings of different sizes may be supported in
similarly curved concave beds, of the kind herein-after described, while being
impressed with the "Hall" or other mark.
My improvements in tools and apparatus to be employed in "Hall" marking,
and otherwise marking wedding and other rings, are as follows:-I make the punch
by which the mark is impressed with a recess in one side of it. The said recess in
the side of the punch forms as it were a crank or bend which passes round the
upper part of the ring during the marking process, and thus permits the punch to
be held and struck vertically. The acting or impressing surface of the punch is of
a curvature similar to that of the inside of the ring.
My improvements in tools and apparatus to be employed in "Hall" marking and
otherwise marking wedding and other rings consist further of a bed or support in
which the rings are supported during the marking process. This bed consists of
an oblong die having a semi-cylindrical recess running along the middle of its upper
side. This recess is of a radius somewhat less than the radius of the outside of the
rings to be marked, and in the said recess a series of grooves are made at a short
distance apart having the same radius as the outside of the rings, so that the rings
when placed in the said grooves are supported in an upright position while being

page_text: marked. The recesses are of different widths, so as to fit them to receive rings of
different widths or strength of metal.
After the rings have been marked a circular figure is given to them by the use of
a mandril.
By my Invention the "Hall" or other marking of rings on their inside is affected
without materially distorting or otherwise injuring them.
AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION OF INSTRUMENT FOR TAKING LINEAR DIMENSIONS AND MEASURING DISTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Strick at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 6th May 1876.
JAMES STRICK, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan.
"AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION OF INSTRUMENT FOR TAKING LINEAR DIMENSIONS AND MEASURING
DISTANCES."
The Invention is designed for the purpose of constructing a portable pocket
instrument to be employed by tourists and others for measuring distances upon
charts, maps, or surveys, or for taking the linear measurement of timber and other
articles or materials to which the tape or rule measure is now applied.
Before entering upon the description of my Invention I would remark that I am
well acquainted with the instrument now employed for measuring distances upon
charts, which is composed of a wheel and screw axis, to use which it is first necessary
to advance the wheel from a given point or stop over the surface to be measured
and then retraverse the said wheel back again over a scale to the point from which
it started in order to ascertain the measurement, in contradistinction to such an
arrangement I employ in combination with the travelling wheel and screw axis a
series of revolving or adjustable scales so arranged that the distance travelled by the
revolving wheel as it advances upon its screw axis will at once be told off and
ascertained.
I will now describe, as an example, the manner in which I carry the Invention
into practice.
A framing is constructed supporting a screw axis provided with a wheel which
revolves and travels thereon a distance determined by the length of the screw.
Immediately above the line of traverse of this wheel, and parallel with the screw
axis, a polygonal bar of cylindric form is also supported in the said frame, the
angular surfaces of which have inscribed thereon scales or measurements of various
dimensions which as necessity requires and as according to the measurements to be
taken can be presented so as to agree with the scale of the chart upon which the
instrument is being used.
It will now be seen that when using the instrument the scale agreeing with the
cht to be measured is first turned so as to present a surface nearly in contact with
the periphery of the travelling wheel and parallel with the screw axis, so that as the said
wheel advances its traverse upon the screw axis indicates upon the scale the distance
travelled. In some cases the travelling wheel is provided with a projecting pointer
Prine 911

page_text: or finger which indicates the distance travelled, or such an arrangement of finger
or fingers may be employed for giving the linear measurement of any length or
lengths of wood or other material, for example, supposing the circumference of the
travelling wheel to measure two inches a scale would be presented agreeing therewith
indicating in linear measurement the peripherial traverse of such wheel, thus enabling
accurate measurements to be taken of any object or article required whether straight
or undulating over which the wheel could advance.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS OR OTHER SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kyffin Freeman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1876.
THOMAS KYFFIN FREEMAN, of Pinner Wood, in the County of Middlesex.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS OR OTHER SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD."
This Invention is designed for the purpose of adapting to the interior of hats or
other similar coverings for the head a light hat brush, so constructed that it can be
readily attached to, or detached from the hat; the presence of this brush will
enable the wearer of the hat to brush up and cleanse the nap or exterior surface
thereof from dust in any place or locality during the time the hat is in use. This
brush, or the means employed for attaching the same to the interior of the
hat, may be utilized so as to contain or retain a "feather weight.” skull cap.
As an example of how I carry my Invention into practice, I construct a brush,
the body of which is made of light material, provided with button fasteners, which,
when pressed against elastic discs in which slots are formed (the holders for which
are secured by preference to the crown of the hat), pass through the same so as to
close on the buttons and retain the brush; by this means the brush is retained or
released by a simple push or pull, or if desired the said brush may be attached to
the interior of the hat by other equivalent means.
"
feather
The stock or body of the brush may be constructed so as to contain a
weight" skull cap, or when the brush is in position in the hat the said cap may be
retained between the brush stock and the bat crown.