IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING IN ROCK AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.”
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ker Gulland, of 6ª, Victoria Street, in the City of
Westminster, Engineer to the Diamond Drill Company (Thomas Docwra and
Son), for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING IN ROCK AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ker Gulland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1879.
JAMES KER GULLAND, of 6ª, Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer to the Diamond Drill Company (Thomas Docwra and Son). " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING IN ROCK
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
One part of my Invention consists in an improved construction of boring or
drilling machine (worked by manual or other power), in which the boring rod or
drill bar is supported in bearings, one of which is moveable on a bed or frame, and
is operated from the boring rod or drill bar by spur gear, a worm and worm wheel,
and a pinion taking into a rack so as to feed the drill forward as the boring or
drilling proceeds. The worm wheel and the pinion that gears with the rack are
arranged on the same axis or shaft, which has a conical or tapered part on which
the worm wheel (correspondingly bored) fits, and may be tightened by a nut or
equivalent means, or released so as to allow the axis or shaft to rotate inde-
pendently of the worm wheel. Thus by turning in a reverse direction the axis or
shaft by a handle or otherwise, the pinion gearing in the rack will cause the drill
to be drawn back, and it may afterwards be readily returned into the hole.
Between a part or enlargement of the boring rod or drill bar and the end of the
bearing which takes the thrust friction, washers or rings are or may be interposed.
The boring rod or drill bar is hollow or tubular, and is furnished with a water
supply pipe to cool the drill and wash away detritus or debris. The water is
supplied by a suitable pump which in one arrangement is a pipe or tube of pliable
material, communicating at one end with the water supply pipe of the drill, and at
the other with some source of water supply. This pliable pipe or tube is suitably

page_text: arranged in relation to a revolving frame carrying wheels or rollers, and to a
concentric arc or path between which and the wheels or rollers the pliable pipe or
tube is squeezed so as to act as a pump. The hand or driving wheel, revolving
frame, and a suitable pulley designed to drive the boring rod or drill bar through a
band or chain; another pulley, a counter shaft, and spur gear may be arranged on
a common axis carried by a frame or bar, adjustable radially on a concentric boss
surrounding the counter shaft, so that the said frame or arm may be swivelled into
any convenient radial direction, and there fixed by suitable bolts; or the counter
shaft may be driven in a direct manner.
For undercutting, widening, or enlarging wells, holes, or borings for lining or
blasting purposes, I use a hollow or tubular apparatus provided with a suitable
water supply, perforated to allow some of the water to escape (to cool the cutters
and wash away detritus or debris), and having slots or openings furnished with
parts resembling latches. These latch like parts or devices are armed or furnished
with diamonds; or other cutters are hinged, pivotted, or hung on hinges, pivots, or
pins, and arranged so that by pressure of the water in the hollow or tubular
apparatus they may be forced outward in such manner as that those parts
furnished with diamonds or cutters shall protrude through the slots, and the
apparatus being rotated or revolved, shall cut the rock or other substance forming
the wall of the hole containing the apparatus; but when the water pressure is
removed the said latch like cutting devices will be drawn inward, and retained
within the tubular apparatus by suitable springs or equivalent means provided for
the purpose.
It will be evident this part of my Invention may be carried out in various forms
without departure from its characteristic features.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Ker Gulland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
November 1879.
JAMES KER GULLAND, of 6ª, Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer to the Diamond Drill Company (Thomas Docwra and Son). “IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING IN ROCK
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
One part of my Invention consists in an improved construction of boring or
drilling machine (worked by manual or other power), in which the boring rod or
drill bar is supported in bearings, one of which is moveable on a bed or frame, and
is operated from the boring rod or drill bar by spur gear, a worm and worm wheel,
and a pinion taking into a rack so as to feed the drill forward as the boring or
drilling proceeds. The worm wheel and the pinion that gears with the rack are
arranged on the same axis or shaft, which has a conical or tapered part on which
the worm wheel (correspondingly bored) fits, and may be tightened by a nut or
equivalent means, or released so as to allow the axis or shaft to rotate inde-
pendently of the worm wheel. Thus by turning in a reverse direction the axis or
shaft by a handle, or otherwise, the pinion gearing in the rack will cause the drill
to be drawn back, and it may afterwards be readily returned into the hole.
Between a part or enlargement of the boring rod or drill bar and the end of the
bearing which takes the thrust, friction washers or rings are or may be interposed.
The boring rod or drill bar is hollow or tubular, and is furnished with a water
supply pipe to cool the drill and wash away detritus or debris. The water is
supplied by a suitable pump, which in one arrangement is a pipe or tube of pliable
material, communicating at one end with the water supply pipe of the drill, and
at the other with some source of water supply. This pliable pipe or tube is
suitably arranged in relation to a revolving frame carrying wheels or rollers, and
to a concentric arc or path between which and the wheels or rollers the pliable
pipe or tube is squeezed so as to act as a pump. The hand or driving wheel,
revolving frame, and a suitable pulley designed to drive the boring rod or drill
bar through a band or chain; another pulley, a countershaft, and spur gear may
be arranged on a common axis carried by a frame or bar adjustable radially on a
concentric boss surrounding the countershaft, so that the said frame or arm may
be swivelled into any convenient radial direction, and there fixed by suitable bolts,
or the counter shaft may be driven in a direct manner.
For undercutting, widening, or enlarging wells, holes, or borings for lining or
blasting purposes I use a hollow or tubular apparatus provided with a suitable
water supply, perforated to allow some of the water to escape (to cool the cutters
and wash away detritus or debris), and having slots or openings furnished with
parts resembling latches. These latch like parts or devices are armed or furnished
with diamonds, or other cutters are hinged, pivoted, or hung on hinges, pivots, or
pins, and arranged so that by pressure of the water in the hollow or tubular
apparatus they may be forced outward in such manner as that those parts furnished
with diamonds or cutters shall protrude through the slots, and the apparatus being
rotated or revolved shall cut the rock or other substance forming the wall of the
hole containing the apparatus; but when the water pressure is removed the said
latch like cutting devices will be drawn inward and retained within the tubular
apparatus by suitable springs or equivalent means provided for the purpose. It

page_text: will be evident this part of my Invention may be carried out in various forms
without departure from its characteristic features.
Referring to the Drawings,-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in section of a boring or drilling machine
according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is an end view of the bearing and frame for
supporting the boring rod or drill bar; Fig. 3 is an end view of the machine
shewing, inter alia, the counter shaft radially adjustable frame or arm revolving
frame carrying wheels or rollers, concentric arc or path, and pliable pipe or tube
forming the pump; Fig. 4 is a sectional side view to a larger scale of a portion of
the machine shewing, inter alia, the sliding or moveable bearing or support for the
boring rod or drill bar and its pinion, and for the water supply pipe; Fig. 5' is an
end view of the water supply pipe gland; Fig. 6 is a sectional side view shewing,
inter alia, the bearing and bracket carrying the fore end of the boring rod or drill
bar; and Fig. 1* shews a modified arrangement of the radially adjustable frame
and means for operating the counter shaft by hand or cord and pulley.
Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a cross sectional view shewing the carrying frame, moveable
bearing, rack and pinion, worm wheel, and tightening nut.
rack
1 is the bed or frame of the machine having attached to it an adjustable ring or
clutch piece 2 for supporting the bed or frame in any required position; 3 is
fixed to the frame 1 4 is a moveable bearing or bracket which slides along the
bed or frame 1. This bearing carries a hollow shaft or piece 5 which revolves
therein, and to which is screwed the enlarged end 6× of the hollow boring rod or
drill bar 6, as shewn in Fig..4; 5* are friction washers or rings placed between the
enlarged end of the rod or bar 6 and the end of the bearing which takes the thrust.
To the rod or bar 6 is secured a pinion 7 gearing into a spur wheel 8 fastened to
the worm shaft 9 carried by the moveable bearing 4, as shown; 10 is the worin ;
11 is the worm wheel gearing into the worm 10; 12 is the worm wheel axis or
shaft supported by the moveable bearing 4 at right angles to the rod or bar 6. The
axis or shaft 12 is formed with a conical or tapered part 13 upon which the worm
wheel 11 (correspondingly bored) fits, and may be tightened by a nut 14 or equi-
valent means, or released so as to allow the axis or shaft to rotate independently of
the worm wheel. 15 is a pinion fixed to the axis or shaft 12 and gearing into the
rack 3, so that when operated from the rod or bar 6 through the pinion 7, spur
wheel 8, worm 10, and worm wheel 11, the said pinion 15 in rotating carries
forward the moveable frame 4 and rod or bar 6. By turning the pinion 15 in a
reverse direction by means of a handle fitted on a square ended prolongation of the
axis or shaft 12 the rod or bar û may be drawn back, and it may afterwards be
readily returned into the hole that is being bored. When greater power is required
to move the rod or drill bar out of or into the hole bored I inay use a spur wheel 11a
and pinion 12, as indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 4, the wheel 11ª being
fixed on the spindle 12 and in gear with the pinion 12", which may be turned by a
handle or otherwise. 16 is a water supply pipe supported by brasses or glands in
the hollow shaft or piece 5, and running through the hollow rod or bar 6 to cool
the drill and wash away detritus or debris. The water is supplied to this pipe by
a pliable tube 17 communicating with a source of water supply. This pliable tube
is supported on rollers 18 carried by a revolving frame 19, as shewn in Fig. 3, and
as the frame revolves by turning the hand wheel 20 the pliable tube is squeezed
between said rollers 18 and a fixed concentric arc or path 21, thereby drawing and
forcing the water; or water may be supplied to the drill by a pump of ordinary or
other construction, or a head of water may be used.
The hand wheel 20 and revolving frame 19 are fixed to a common axis 22 carried
by a frame or bar 23 adjustable radially on a boss 24, which surrounds and supports
a countershaft 25, so that the said frame or bar may be swivelled into any con-
venient radial direction, and there fixed by suitable bolts. Or the counter shaft
may be driven in a direct manner either by means of a hand wheel 29 or by a

page_text: pulley and cord 30, as shewn in Fig. 1*, and the speed of the countershaft may be
increased by additional gear on separate frames, or a flexible or other shaft may be
used to drive the said counter shaft. On the counter shaft 25 is fixed a pulley 26
driven by means of another pulley 27 on the axis 22, thereby actuating the
countershaft 25, and from it driving the boring rod or drill bar 6 through the
spur wheels 28.
Fig. 8 shows an apparatus according to my Invention for undercutting, widening,
or enlarging wells, holes, or borings; 29 is a hollow tubular vessel or chamber pro-
vided with perforations to allow water supplied to the said chamber by the pipe 30
to escape to the cutters to cool them, and wash away detritus or debris. The
lower part of the chamber 29 is formed with slots or openings 31 furnished with
latch like parts or devices 32 pivoted or hung on hinges, pivots, or pins at 33 to
the chamber 29. These latch like parts or devices are furnished at 34 with
diamonds or other cutters, which are forced out of or beyond the slots or openings
31 by the pressure of water or liquid supplied to the chamber 29 by the pipe 30,
which pressure acts upon the inner surfaces of the devices 32, so that on the vessel
or chamber 29 being rotated or revolved the cutters being forced outward will cut
the rock or other substance forming the wall of the hole containing the apparatus,.
but when the water or liquid pressure is removed the said latch like cutting devices
32 with their cutters 34 will be drawn inwards and retain within the tubular
chamber 29 by means of suitable springs 35 or equivalent incans, as shewn in
dotted lines, Fig. 8. 36 is a tube surrounding the vessel or chamber 29, which may
be supported at any height within the hole that has been cut.
Fig. 9 shews a modification of the arrangement just above described. In this
modification two latch like parts or devices 37, 38, are hinged or pivotted to each
of the slots or openings 31 formed in the chamber 29, the lower latch like piece 38
being provided with teeth on its upper edge gearing with teeth on the lower edge
of the latch like piece 37, so that the latch like pieces with their cutters 34 may be
forced out of the slots 31 with a greater amount of force than in the arrangement
shewn in Fig. 8, upon a water or liquid pressure being supplied within the vessel
or chamber 29. Springs 35 are connected to the upper latch like piece 37, as in
Fig. 8, to bring the cutters back within the slots 31 upon the pressure of water
being removed from within the tubular chamber 29. The latch like pieces to the
right of the Figure are shewn in their working or cutting positions, and those to
the left as they are when drawn back by the spring 35 within the slot 31 of the
vessel or chamber 29.
Fig. 10 shews a modification in which hinge pins or pivots are dispensed with.
The latch like parts 32 (which may conveniently be of the circular form shewn)
work in recesses or circular guides 32*, and are pressed out by the pressure of
liquid behind them, and returned by springs 35 (or equivalent means), as already
described with reference to the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9
respectively.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained in what
manner the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would have it understood that what I consider to be novel and original, and there-
fore claim as secured to me under the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited
is,-
1. Constructing and arranging machinery or apparatus for drilling, boring, or
cutting a rock and other substances, substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figs. 1 to 7 of the accompanying Drawings, or modified as described
with reference to Fig. 1*.
2. The method, substantially as hereinbefore described, of forcing to their work
by direct pressure of liquid against the latch like parts or devices the cutters used
in machines for undercutting, widening, or enlarging wells, holes, or borings.
3. The improved undercutting, widening, or enlarging machines, constructed,

page_text: arranged, and operating as respectively shewn in and described with reference to
Fig. 8, to Fig. 9, and to Fig. 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Ker Gulland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
JAMES KER GULLAND. (L.S.)