IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP UPON CLOTHS AND FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kempe and Arthur Kempe, both of
Holbeck Mills, Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention
66
of IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP UPON CLOTHS AND FABRICS, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
"
Sealed the 21st March 1876, and dated the 22nd December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kempe and
.1
Arthur Kempe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd December 1875.
We, WILLIAM KEMPE and ARTHUR KEMPE, both of Holbeck Mills,
Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP UPON CLOTHS AND FABRICS,
AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,'
"to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in raising the nap
upon woollen and other cloths and fabrics.
:
:
For the purpose of raising the nap on woollen cloths nothing has
hitherto been found equal to the natural teazel but cylinders clothed

page_text: with wire cards, such as are used for the carding of wool, cotton, and
other fibres have been used.
We employ needle points formed of steel wire sharpened and brought
to a conical point of a similar form to the points of needles. These
points can either be made by grinding or sharpening one end of a
piece of steel wire, and cutting it off to the required length; or pieces
of wire of the required length can be cut off and both ends pointed,
and then bent into the form of a staple similar to the form given to the
wire in the cards used in the carding of wool. We prefer using the
single points, and setting them side by side close together in slips of
wood formed for the purpose, or by soldering or otherwise fixing them
to slips of metal and then inserting the strips so set, and fixing them
rigidly in grooves formed longitudinally in a metal or other cylinder
arranged for bringing them conveniently in contact with the fabric; or
the needle points can be affixed to metal or other bars fixed to parallel
endless chains and drawn over the surface of the cloth; or the needle
points can be affixed to fixed bars and the cloth or fabric drawn over
them.
For some kinds of cloth in place of the needle points conical points
may be used that approximate to the needle points, and these can be
made by taking a narrow strip of steel and grinding it taper, so that a
"knife edge" is formed; this knife edge is then serrated, so that a row
of angular conical points are formed.

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said William Kempe and Arthur
Kempe, Her special license that we, the said William Kempe and Arthur
Kempe, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said William Kempe and Arthur Kempe, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP
UPON CLOTHS AND FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,' upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Kempe and
Arthur Kempe, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Kempe, on behalf of myself
and the said Arthur Kempe, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in raising the nap
upon woollen and other cloths and fabrics.
For the purpose of raising the nap on woollen cloths nothing has
.hitherto been found equal to the natural teazel but cylinders clothed
with wire cards, such as are used for the carding of wool, cotton, and
other fibres have been used.
We employ needle points formed of steel wire sharpened and brought
to a conical point of a similar. form to the points of needles. These
points can either be made by grinding or sharpening one end of a piece
of steel wire, and cutting it off to the required length; or pieces of wire
of the required length can be cut off and both ends pointed, and then
bent into the form of a staple similar to the form given to the wire in

page_text: the cards used in the carding of wool. We prefer using the single
points, and setting them side by side close together in slips of wood
formed for the purpose, or by soldering or otherwise fixing them to
slips of metal, and then inserting the slips so set and fixing them rigidly
in grooves formed longitudinally in a metal or other cylinder arranged
for bringing them conveniently in contact with the fabric; or the needle
points can be affixed to metal or other bars fixed to parallel endless
chains, and drawn over the surface of the cloth; or the needle points
can be affixed to fixed bars and the cloth or fabric drawn over them.
For some kinds of cloth, in place of the needle points, conical points 1
may be used that approximate to the needle points, and these can be
made by taking a narrow.strip of steel and grinding it taper, so that a
"knife edge" is formed; this knife edge is then serrated, so that a row
of angular conical points are formed.
The sharp corners of the cones may be taken off, so as to bring them
nearer to the "needle points."
The manner in which we prefer to carry out our Invention is shown
in the Drawings annexed.
Figure 1 of the Drawings shows a transverse section of a raising
cylinder of machinery for raising the nap upon cloths and fabrics, such a
cylinder having numerous needle points secured to its circumference as
herein-before described.
The circumference of the cylinder has grooves a formed in it at equal
distances apart from one another; a few only of these grooves are shown
in the Drawing. The grooves are to receive slips of wood b; each slip :
has formed along it a groove, into which are inserted the stems of steel
needle points c; the stems of the needle points abut against one another
in the groove. When the slip of wood carrying the needle points has
been inserted into the groove it is secured in its place by driving in a
thin wedge d. The fabric to be acted upon is led over rollers e, e, as
shown by the line f; it is caused to travel slowly past the cylinder at
the same time that the cylinder is caused to revolve, as is usual in
machinery for raising the nap upon cloths and fabrics.
In place of the stems of the needle points being inserted into a groove
in a wooden slip 6 a thin slip of wood may be inserted between the
needles and one side of the grooves a in the cylinder, and the needle

page_text: points may be retained by a wedge driven in between them and the
opposite side of the grooves.
Figures 2 show needle points secured to a slip of metal 6 by soldering.
The slips of metal are to be placed in grooves in the cylinder, and are
retained therein by wedges d, as previously described with regard to
Figure 1.
Figures 3 show part of a steel blade with numerous conical points
approximating in form to needle points formed along its edge; such
steel blades may be similarly retained by wedges in grooves in the
cylinder. The blade is first ground to a knife edge, and serrations are
then cut into it, as shown.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim,―
First. The employment of steel needle points, substantially as herein
described for raising the nap upon cloths or fabrics.
Second. The construction of the raising cylinders of machinery for
raising the nap upon cloths or fabrics with numerous needle points
projecting from the circumference, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Kempe, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
TTTTM
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