IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS MADE OF PAPER OR OTHER PULP AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH BARRELS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine Lake
& Co. Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS MADE OF PAPER OR OTHER PULP AND IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH BARRELS AND
SIMILAR ARTICLES" A communication from abroad by George Washington
Laraway, of Hartford, Connecticut United States of America Mechanic,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1882.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine Lake and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS MADE OF PAPER
OR OTHER PULP AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH
BARRELS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES [A communication from abroad by George
Washington Laraway, of Hartford, Connecticut United States of America Mechanic,]
This Invention relates to barrels made of paper or other pulp and to machinery
for making the heads of such barrels and other articles.
A machine constructed according to my Invention is chiefly intended for forming
a barrel-head from paper pulp. It forms the material into shape and
expresses the water at one and the same operation. This barrel-head, is in shape, a
disc with a turned up peripheral rim or in other and general terms, a round
box with very low walls or sides; and the principles of the mechanism are
applicable to the production of boxes and other packages and articles.
In constructing this machine, I provide standards which form the main part of
the frame of the machine; they have a suitable base at the foot and are united at
the top by a cross-plate which is firmly bolted to the standards. The upper part
of the frame is formed into a circular piston-chamber or plunger-chamber wherein
the piston or plunger has short and powerful vertical reciprocation; the barrel-
head is formed by the upward movement of the plunger between the top of the
plunger and the bottom of the cross-plate. The vertical reciprocation of the

page_text: piston or plunger is given by means as follows; there are two toggle-arms jointed
at the centre of their length on a shaft; the lower arm is jointed at its lower end
to a portion of the general frame; the upper arm at its upper end is jointed to the
piston or plunger; the shaft has its requisite vobratory motion given from a
rotating excentric the strap of which reaches to the shaft; suitable means are
employed to start and stop the rotation of the excentric; it will be readily seen
that this combination of excentric and toggle-joint is a means for moving the
piston, of great power.
The pulp, preferably contained in an overhead tank so that it may descend and
flow into the machine by gravity, comes to the machine through a feed-pipe which
has a suitable gate, and thence by distributing conduits more or less in number,
finds access to the piston-chamber at different points; at the time that the pulp
flows into this chamber the piston is below the delivery-mouths of the conduits.
The barrel-head is formed with the annular peripheral rim on the lower side of
the disc part of the head. The upper end or face of the piston is formed to give
shape to the underside of the barrel-head, or considered as a box, to the inside of the
box. The face of the piston is covered with a finely perforated mould-face, usually
a thin sheet of brass having extremely tine perforations, a sort of wire gauze
fastened to the body behind it by fine screws or in any other suitable manner;
soldering has been found to work well; the face of the plunger under the finely
perforated mould-face is corrugated and perforated through and through for the
escape of the expressed water.
The interior or wall of the piston-chamber is lined with a similar finely
perforated mould-face and the wall is similarly perforated for the escape of
expressed water.
The removable matrix-case consists, speaking generally, of a band or ring which
forms the periphery, exterior or circumference of the barrel-head which is within,
or forms a part of the piston-chamber while a barrel-head is being formed, has the
barrel-head formed within it, and after the head is forined, is removed from the
piston-chamber carrying the barrel-head and the barrel-head is then taken from it.
This hoop, ring, or band is made in sections pivoted or hinged together; in order
that the hoop may be opened to remove a barrel-head; all are held together when
that adjustment is desired by a catch. The inner side of this hoop is covered with
a finely perforated mould-face and the wall behind it is grooved or corrugated and
perforated for the escape of the expressed water. This hoop slides laterally into
and out of the piston-chamber forming practically a part of the wall of that
chamber, while a barrel-head is being formed; when drawn out from the chamber it
rests on a table; the matrix-case has at the sides, ways, flanges, sliding on and
against the guides of the table. The hoop just referred to has a cover consisting
of a ring or annular flange, a finely perforated mould-face, and an upper and outer
corrugated and perforated plate; this cover lies on the hoop while the hoop is in
the machine and the barrel-head is being formed, but is drawn out of the machine
preparatory to removing a barrel-head.
A barrel made from pulp according to my Invention is constructed as follows
that is to say
On the interior of the barrel, near each end, there is formed an annular shoulder
or ledge, for the head to sit flatly upon, such a shoulder is a practical necessity to
enable the package to sustain endwise pressure, such as it is subjected to in
common use. In the making of wooden barrels the edge of the head is bevelled
and rests in a corresponding annular groove, with converging sides made in the
barrel-body; obviously the paper pulp material does not admit of such treatment;
one conclusive objection is that such a head must be sprung into its seat, a thing
impossible with a barrel-body made from compressed pulp. The shoulder is formed
integral with the barrel-body; if it were a separate piece it would need to be
fastened in place either by something in the nature of cement or something in the
nature of rivets; no one kind of cement would be likely to answer under all the
uses to which the barrel would be put, and rivets are almost fatally objectionable

page_text: because of their liability to cause leakage. I keep the interior of the barrel in
common barrel shape that is smooth surfaced; this exteriorly smooth or regular
surface is one which long experience has shown to be best adapted for use in or
upon barrels.
An exterior shoulder is very apt, in transportation, to receive blows
and pressure that destroy the integrity of the package.
So far as the barrel-body formed as herein before described, is concerned, it may
be practically used in connection or combination with a head which is a common
round disc of the same thickness throughout, but the head now described has
important advantages over such a disc.
The main part of the head is furnished at the periphery or edge with an annular
rim formed integral with the disc from compressed pulp. By giving the head this
disc shape a large extent of contact surface is obtained between the periphery of
the head and the interior of the barrel, in order to aid in getting a tight joint,
without the necessity of having the head of the same thickness throughout, thus
saving weight and cost; also the inside of the annular rim forms a finger-hold for
the person who handles the barrels; also this annular rim helps to strengthen the
barrel at this point where it most needs strengthening; so this annular rim gives
an opportunity for the use of rivets in fastening the head into the barrel when it
is desirable to use rivets or the like for this purpose; making the disc and rim all in
one piece of pulp compressed to shape, causes the head with its rim to be much
stronger than if the head has first been made of a flat disc of paper and afterward
had a rim turned up thereon; it dispenses with the creases in the annular rim
incident to such a turned up rim and it allows of forming the inside of the rim in
the shape of a reinforce.
An improved mode of attaching the barrel-body and head together is to make
the exterior or periphery of the head conical, smallest on the side nearest the end
of the barrel, set it down on the interior shoulder of the barrel, and then draw or
force the end of the barrel in, to tightly embrace the head by means of an exterior
hoop.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th July 1882.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS MADE OF PAPER
OR OTHER PULP, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH
BARRELS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES." A communication from abroad by George
Washington Laraway, of Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America, Mechanic,
This Invention relates to barrels made of paper or other pulp and to machinery
for making the heads of such barrels and other articles.
A machine constructed according to the said Invention is chiefly intended for
forming a barrel-head from paper or other pulp. It forms the material into shape
and expresses the water at one and the same operation. This barrel-head is in
shape a disc with a turned up peripheral rim, or, in other and general terins, a round
box with very low walls or sides; and the principles of the mechanism are applicable
to the production of boxes and other packages and articles.
Figure 1 is a side view of a machine for moulding a barrel-head direct from pulp.
Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the head-moulding machine.
Figure 3 is a plan or top view of the head-moulding machine, with the removable
matrix-case (herein-after more fully described) drawn out laterally from the place
it occupies in the machine as represented in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a detail view showing the said removable matrix-case in central
vertical section.
Figure 5 is a detail view showing the removable cover of the said removable
matrix-case; the upper layer of corrugated and perforated metal is represented as
partially broken away to expose the finely perforated mould-face below, which in
is also represented as partially broken away.
turn,
Figure 6 is a detail view, showing a rear elevation of the said removable matrix-
case.
Figure 7 is a detail view, representing the upper portion and face of the plunger
in the head-moulding machine; the upper layer of metal, a finely perforated mould-
face, is represented as partially broken away to expose the corrugated and perforated
body beneath.
Figure 8 is a view of a barrel-head, the product of the head-moulding machine.
Figure 9 is a central vertical longitudinal section of a compressed pulp barrel of
improved shape and construction.
The standards a' a' form the main part of the frame of the machine, they have
a suitable base and are united at the top by the cross-plate which is firmly bolted
to them. The upper part of the frame is in the form of a cylindrical chamber
wherein the piston or plunger c has a short and powerful vertical reciprocating
motion; the barrel-head is formed between the top of the plunger and the bottom
of the cross-plate b' by the upward movement of the plunger. The vertical recipro-
cation of the piston or plunger is produced by the following means, that is to say,
the two toggle arms d' are jointed at the centre of their length on the shaft el, the
lower arm is jointed at its lower end to a portion of the frame, the upper arm at its
upper end is jointed to the piston or plunger c', the shaft e' has its requisite vibratory
motion given from the rotating eccentric by means of the strap and rod g" which
reaches to the shaft e¹; suitable means are employed to start and stop the rotation
of the said excentric; it will be readily seen that this combination of excentric and
toggle-joint is a means of great power for moving the piston.

page_text: The pulp, preferably contained in an overhead tank so that it may descend and
flow by gravity, comes to the machine through a feed-pipe h' which has a suitable
valve, and thence by distributing conduits jj, more or less in number, it finds
access to the piston chamber at different points. At the time that the pulp flows
into the chainber, the piston is below the delivery-mouths of the conduits jj, these
delivery-mouths are seen in Figure 2. The barrel-head is formed with the annular
peripheral rim on its lower side. The upper face of the piston is formed to give
shape to the under side of the barrel-head, or in the case of a box, to the inside of
the box. The face of the piston is covered with a finely perforated mould-face k¹
usually a thin sheet of brass having extremely fine perforations, or of wire gauze
fastened to the body behind it by fine screws, or in some other suitable manner;
soldering has been found to answer well; the face of the plunger under the finely
perforated mould-face (see Figure 7) is corrugated and perforated for the escape of
the expressed water.
The interior or wall of the piston-chamber is lined with a similar finely
perforated mould-face (see Figure 2) and is also perforated for the escape of
expressed water.
The removable matrix-case consists essentially of a band or ring for forming the
periphery or circumference of the barrel-head, this band or ring acts as a part of
the piston-chamber while a barrel-head is being formed, as soon as this is done, the
matrix-case can be removed from the piston-chamber and the barrel-head taken
from it. This ring or band is made in sections" pivoted or hinged together
in order that it may be opened to remove a barrel-head; tho sections are
pivoted together at and the sections at 1, all are held together when required
by the catch m. The inner side of this ring is covered with a finely perforated
mould-face, and the wall behind it (see Figure 6) is grooved or corrugated and
perforated for the escape of the expressed water. This ring or hoop slides laterally
into, and out of the piston-chamber, when withdrawn, it rests on the table n' the
matrix-case has at its sides flanges o¹ sliding against the guides n" of the table n³.
The ring or hoop has a cover, shewn separately in Figure 5, consisting of a ring or
annular flange a finely perforated mould-face pl and an upper and outer corrugated
and perforated plate r; this cover lies on the hoop whilst the latter is in the
machine and the barrel-head is being formed, but is drawn out preparatory to
removing a barrel-head.
The letter a denotes the barrel-body made from pulp compressed into the
desired shape. On the interior of the barrel, near each end (see Figure 9) there is
formed an annular shoulder or ledge al for the head to rest evenly upon; such a
shoulder is a practical necessity to enable the package to sustain longitudinal
pressure, such as it would be subjected to in common use. In the making of
wooden barrels the edge of the head is bevelled and rests in a corresponding
annular groove made in the barrel-body; obviously the paper pulp material does
not admit of such treatment; one conclusive objection being that such a head must
be sprung into its seat, a thing impossible with a barrel-body made from compressed
pulp. The shoulder al is formed integral with the barrel-body a"; if it were a
separate piece it would need to be fastened in place either by cement or similar
material, or by rivets; no cement would be likely to answer under all the uses to
which the barrel would be put, and rivets are objectionable because of their liability
to cause leakage. I keep the exterior surface of the barrel smooth as in ordinary
barrels; this exteriorly smooth or regular surface is one which long experience has
shown to be best adapted for barrels. An exterior shoulder would be very liable
in transportation to receive blows and pressure that would destroy the integrity of
the package.
The barrel-body, formed as hereinbefore described, may be practically used in
connection or combination with a head which is a disc of the same thickness
throughout, but the head herein described has important advantages over such a
disc.
The main part of the head is furnished at the periphery or edge with an

page_text: annular rim ¿¹¹¹ formed integral with the disc b¹¹ from compressed pulp. By giving
the head this disc-shape a large extent of contact surface is obtained between the
periphery of the head and the interior of the barrel, materially aiding in ensuring
a tight joint, without the necessity for having the head of the same thickness
throughout, thus saving weight and cost, and the inside of the annular rim forms
a finger hold for the person who handles the barrels; the rim also helps to
strengthen the barrel at the point where it most needs strength; and permits the
use of rivets or the like in fastening the head into the barrel; making the disc bu
and rim all in one piece of pulp compressed to shape, causes the head to be
much stronger than if it had first been made of a flat dise of pulp and afterwards
had a rim turned up thereon, it dispenses with the creases in the annular rim
incident to such a turning up, and allows of forming the inside of the rim in the
shape of a reinforcement, as shewn in the Drawing.
An improved mode of attaching the barrel-body and head together is, to make
the periphery of the head conical, placing the smaller end towards the exterior of
the barrel and the larger end towards the interior so that it will rest on the
shoulder a of the barrel, and then to draw or force the end of the barrel in by
means of the hoop c" to tightly embrace the head.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the samo I wish it under-
stood that 1 claim :-
First: The combination, in the head-moulding machine, of the piston, the
resisting surface opposed to the piston, and the laterally removable matrix-case, all
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
Second As a part of a pulp-moulding machine, the removable sectional
matrix-case provided with a movable cover, substantially as described and for the
purpose specified.
Third The combination, in the head-moulding machine, of the excentric, the
toggle-arins and the piston, all substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
Fourth: The barrel-body having a regular or smooth surface on the exterior
and provided internally with a shoulder, the whole moulded and compressed to
shape in one piece from pulp, substantially as shown and described.
Fifth The barrel-head provided with a peripheral rim, the whole moulded
and compressed to shape in one piece from pulp, substantially as shown and
described.
:-
Sixth The compressed pulp barrel-body provided with the shoulder made
integral therewith, in combination with the compressed pulp barrel-head, having
the peripheral rim integral therewith, all substantially as shown and described.
Seventh- -The combination of the paper barrel-head having a conical
periphery, the paper barrel-body all having its end drawn to meet the periphery of
the head, and the ring or hoop, all substantially as shown and described.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Seventh day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two:
W. ROB. LAKE. (L.S.)