IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1838

page_text: CHANTER AND GRANTHAM'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CHANTER, of Earl Street, Blackfriars, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
and JOHN GRANTHAM, of Liverpool, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirteenth day of September, in the second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Chanter and John Grantham, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege, and authority, that we, the said John Chanter and John Grantham,
our exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Chanter
and John Grantham, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, our
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said John Chanter and
John Grantham, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: .
a sufficient portion of a locomotive fire box and boiler to explain our
Invention. a, a', are the grate bars, which it will be seen are separated
from each other by an inclined surface of fire lump or fire brick fixed in a
metal frame b.
The upper grate bars a are slightly inclined towards the door of the furnace,
the object of which is, that a sufficient quantity of ignited fuel may be always
retained on these bars. c is what we call a deflecting chamber, its object
being to deflect the smoke and other gases down upon and in this instance
through the hot parts of the fire, which necessarily occupies the lower part of
the furnace.
It will be seen on an examination of the Drawing, that the chamber c
descends to a distance of about six inches below the lowest flue tube d of the
boiler, and this descending of the chamber c, with the connected arrangements,
constitutes a very important difference (when applied to the furnaces of loco-
motive engines) from a corresponding part in a Patent granted to me, the
said John Chanter, and John Gray, of Liverpool, Engineer, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventeenth day of February, One thousand' eight hundred.
and thirty-seven.
e is a tube through which coke can be introduced to the back of the
chamber c, and thus insures the fire in the lower parts of the furnace being
above the bottom of the chamber c. f is the ordinary furnace door, through
which the fuel is introduced; and g is a small door, through which the fire:
upon the grate bars a¹ may be raked and stirred.
Figure 3 is a portion of a transverse section of a fire box and boiler -
similarly arranged, but in this case we make the grate bars a of a curved.

page_text: form, for the purpose of more effectually retaining a large portion of ignited
fuel.
A lower grate h is also introduced for the purpose of heating the air and
coals, as described in the before-mentioned Patent.
Figure 4 is another modification of our Invention, where it will be seen
that the grate bars a are divided from the grate bars a² by an upright water
partition, the fuel in this instance being supplied to each grate independent of
the other, but, as in the former instances, the combustion of the smoke
is insured by the deflextion of the descending chamber c. Figures 5, 6, and 7,
shew a fire box, in which the tube e for introducing coke to the back of the
chamber c is dispensed with. Figure 8 shews a water chamber 6 commu-
nicating with the boiler, and which may be employed in place of the fire
lumps or bricks. By increasing or decreasing the length of this surface the
area of the grate may be altered according to the quantity of heat required.
Figure 9 shews another mode of introducing coke to the back of the
chamber c. Part of the steam chamber immediately above the furnace is in
this case removed, which thus allows a more direct communication to the
back of the furnace through the opening ; the remaining portion of
the steam chamber is increased in height to allow of this modification.
Figures 10 and 11 shew a method of applying our improvements to an
ordinary waggon-shaped boiler. On to the front of the boiler we attach
a small supplementary boiler A, formed with an inclined surface next the
grate B, which is inclined to an angle of about forty-five degrees. The upper
part of the grate is formed of a plate of metal or other material, and perforated
with holes. The fuel is introduced through the opening C, and gradually falls
down upon the lower grate bars B'; which contain the strongly ignited fuel.
The inclined surface of the supplementary boiler serves to deflect the smoke
and other gases upon the fire contained on the bars B2 for the purpose of
insuring their combustion; fire lamps or bricks are placed at the bottom of the
inclined grate bars, as shewn, to prevent the coals falling too rapidly. The
combustion of the smoke and other gases is still further promoted by the
evaporation of water contained in the receptacle D; which receptacle can be
supplied with water by a pipe in any convenient manner. The opening
between the inclined grate and the grate bars B₁ is closed by a plate E,
which when necessary can be raised by the cord and weight, as shewn in the
.Drawing. Figures 12 and 13 shew a mode of. applying our improvements to
a cylindrical boiler, in which case the inclined part for, deflecting the smoke
and other gases on the hottest part of the fire is [formed in the boiler itself.

page_text: Figure 14 shews an arrangement for adapting the deflecting surface to boilers
used on board steam vessels, which deflecting surface, according to this plan;
is. formed in the bottom of the boiler. The grate in this instance extends in a
horizontal direction for a distance of from about twelve to about eighteen
inches, and then declines towards the lower bars B', in the manner represented
in the Drawing. The receptacle D and the plate E may in this instance be
dispensed with, and a dead plate substituted of sufficient width to prevent the
fuel falling from the grate.
And having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we lay no claim to any
of the parts of the different arrangements herein-before described and repre-
sented in the Drawings annexed as separately new in themselves, but only in
so far as the same are newly arranged and combined; and what we more
particularly claim as our Invention is,-First, the employment of the deflect-
ing chamber C on the furnaces of locomotive engines in combination with
the other improved arrangements before described. Secondly, the use of
water chambers interspersed between the fire bars of locomotive engines
according to the different methods before specified. Thirdly, the forming of
the part of the surfaces of boilers next to the fire box of a like deflective form
with the chamber C, in order to produce similar effects. Fourthly, the em-
ployment of a supplementary boiler with a surface so deflected and placed in
the manner before described, for the purpose of assisting the action of the
furnace, and whether the same is used or not used in combination with
the improved arrangements before claimed. And, fifthly, the adaptation to
the furnaces of marine and other boilers of deflecting surfaces, by the means
and in the manner herein-before particularised. And such our Invention
being to the best of our knowledge and belief entirely new and never before
used in that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, Her said Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick
upon Tweed, we do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same,
and that we do verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all
respects fully and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained. Wherefore we hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chanter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-nine.
JOHN
(L.S.) CHANTER,

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of March, in
the
year
of our Lord 1839, the aforesaid John Chanter came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.