IMPROVE. MENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, AND IN MEANS OF ACTUATING THE SAME. PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Davey, of 20, John Street, Adelphi, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, AND IN MEANS OF ACTUATING THE SAME.
PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 25th September 1869, and dated the 31st March 1869.
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Davey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1869.
1, HENRY DAVEY, of 20, John Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, AND IN MEANS OF ACTUATING
THE SAME, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in an improved form of slide valve,
which is so constructed that it moves with little friction under .con-
"equilibrium
siderable pressure, or is what is commonly termed an

page_text: slide valve," and is applicable to water pressure, steam, and other
engines.
Secondly. In improved means by which a waste of water is prevented
in hydraulic engines, cranes, hoists, when actuated without doing work,
or when lowering weights. In the case of lowering weights the
descending weight is made to store up or accumulate power instead
of (as is now commonly done) wasting power.
Thirdly. In improved means by which the power and water expended
in working hydraulic machines is made to vary with the work done, and
is applicable to machines worked by means of a natural head of water,
or an artificial one.
Fourthly. In improved means by which the pressure exerted in the
supply pipes of hydraulic machines is made to vary with the work to be
done when that pressure is produced by means of a steam (or other
elastic fluid) inotive-power engine.
Fifth. In improved means of admitting steam to and exhausting
steam from the cylinders, and condensing the steam in steam engines
which actuate hydraulic machines.
In carrying out the first part of this Invention I construct slide
valves of two or more parts in a similar manner to that shown in
Figures 2, 3, and 4, on the Drawing hereinto annexed. Figures 2
and 4 are sections, and Figure 3 a plan of the valve. The part K. slides
on one face and the part L on another, the junction of the two parts K
and L being covered at m by means of a band, colar, or cup of leather,
or any other suitable material. When the valve is to be used for steam
I employ a cup or band of metal, such as copper, or any other suitable
metal, as shown in Figure 4 at n. I do not confine myself to the exact
configuration of the valve shown on the Drawing, but the band or cup
I so place as to cover the junction of the two parts of the valve, so that
the pressure from without shall keep it tight, and still allow the valve
to suit itself to the wear of its faces. If the greatest pressure is from
the inside of the valve then I place the band or cup on the inside of
the valve.
In carrying out the second part of this Invention I employ means
similar to that indicated or shown on the Drawing Figure 1. e is the
piston of a hydraulic crane, lift, or other hydraulic engine; f is the rod
of the piston, and is made of sufficient area so that the working pressure

page_text: of the water exerted on that area shall be sufficient to cause it to go out
of the cylinder when the said engine has no load on it; C is a passage
to the top of the cylinder, and d a passage to the bottom of the said
cylinder; b is the exhaust pipe, and a the slide valve, which is shown in
the position for lowering or coming in of the rod f; the water passing
into the exhaust b is then represented in quantity by the displacement of
the rod f
A lever for actuating the valve a is represented by the
line g, which being placed in position, would cause the valve to
uncover the port b, which is the position for lifting the weight or load.
If the lever g be placed in the position then the valve a will uncover
the ports c and d, and the pressure of the water will be exerted on both
sides of the piston e, which is the position for forcing the rod f out
without a load on it. If when the said rod f is out a load is placed on
it and the valve be placed in the last-named position, then the load in
falling will cause the rod to force back water equal to its displacement
into the pressure pipes. If it is desired to get a higher power, to be
made available when required, an auxiliary piston or pistons, ram or
rams may be connected with the rod f with a communication to the
port d and the exhaust b, so that by means of a suitable valve the said
pistons or rams may be placed in communication with the ports d or b.
In
In carrying out the third part of this Invention I make use of the
surplus power (exerted by hydraulic lifts, cranes, or other hydraulic
engines) over that required for lifting the load by employing it to
force water to the supply tank, if the said engine is working from a
natural head of water, or into the pressure pipes if working from a
pumping engine or an accumulator. carrying out this object I
employ a jet pump, water ram, or turbine; and that my Invention may
be understood I have shown modifications of the jet pump for the
said object on the Drawing. Figure 5 shows the said pump applied to
a natural head, and Figure 6 to an artificial head of water. In Figure 5,
is a pipe leading to the supply cistern; O, a cistern for water; and
the jet pump. S is the piston of a suitable pump which is attached
to the hydraulic engine, the surplus power of which engine it is required
to make use of. As the surplus power varys so will the the energy of
the jet vary and the quantity of water pumped by means of the jet up
the pipe p will in like manner vary. In Figure 6, Z is the pistou of a
hydraulic engine, is the supply pipe, X the waste pipe, and
the int

page_text: In carrying out the fourth part of this Invention I employ a means
of communication between the various points of location of the hydraulic
engines, so that the attendants can, when they put the machines at
work open the throttle valve of the steam or other engine which
actuates the hydraulic machines. I fix a pipe leading from the steam
engine room to all the points of location of the hydraulic engines,
and at each said point I place a ram or piston on the said pipe, which
ram or piston is under the control of the attendant. In the engine room
I place a ram or piston which is connected to the throttle valve of
the steam engine or other prime mover, the last-named ram or piston
being placed on the said pipe; the said pipe is kept filled with water by
means of being connected with the boiler or the water pipes. As the
attendants move the rams or pistons under their control so does it affect
the ram or piston which is attached to the said throttle valve, opening
or closing it as the case may be. That the steam engine may govern
itself I place in the steain pipe a valve such as that shown on the
Drawing Figure 7. f is the steam pipe from the boiler; e, the pipe to
the engine; a¹, the said valve; d¹, steam ports; c¹, a spring; and b', a
spindle. The valve a¹ slides on the spindle b¹ when the pressure on both
sides of the valve is equal, then the spring c¹ keeps down the valve a¹,
but when the engine races and reduces the pressure on the side e¹, then
the valve a¹ closes to correct that racing. Or in lieu of the said valve
I employ a tube such as that used in steam pressure gauges (Bourdon's)
shown on Drawing Figure 8. g¹ is the said tube, the inside of which is
exposed to the pressure of steam in the boiler, and the outside is exposed
to the pressure in the steam engine. As these pressures vary so will the
said tube expand and contract, and by being connected to the throttle
valve is made to govern the engine.
In carying out the fifth part of this Invention I employ in steam
engines which actuate hydraulic machines a piston valve such as is
shown in Figure 9 on the Drawing. g11 is the valve; L¹ and ¹ are
ports leading to the ends of the cylinder; it is the steam supply port;
and m¹, the exhaust port. The valve g11 is actuated by means of the
lever o¹ and the rod n¹, the lever o turning on the centre p¹. The
working of the steam engine carries the valve g¹¹ to a point a little
beyond mid-position, when the pressure of the steam which is about
to leave the cylinder carries the valve to the end of its stroke. I
condense the steam of steam engines which actuate hydraulic machines

page_text: in the following described way, viz-I provide a large exhaust pipe
with a valve on the end of it, and in the side of the said pipe I place a
small valve or cock for the admission of water; this small valve or cock
is actuated by means of a float placed in the pipe, so as to prevent the
water rising too high in it instantly the exhaust takes place. The
water in the said pipe is blown suddenly out through the said valve at
the end of the pipe, and the water entering through the said small valve
or cock condenses the remaining steam, and thus a vacuum is obtained
and made use of. Or I admit the water to the said pipe by means of a
cataract, so as to prevent an excessive supply. The wast water from
the condensor may be passed through the pipes to the various hydraulic
machines, and thus become cooled for use in the condensor again on its
return.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same may be carried into effect, I would state that which
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim,--
First. The construction of equilibrium slide valves as herein-before
described and illustrated.
Secondly. The means by which a loss of water is prevented and
power gained when lowering weights with hydraulic engines, as herein-
before described and illustrated.
Thirdly. In the means by which the surplus energy of hydraulic
engines is made use of, as herein-before described and illustrated.
Fourthly. The means by which the throttle valve of steam engines
for actuating hydraulic machinery is worked, as herein-before described
and illustrated.
Fifthly. The construction and means of working the steam valve
of steam engines which actuate hydraulic machinery, also the con-
struction and application of a condensor to such aforesaid engines as
herein-before described.
Sixthly. The combination of the various improvements above claimed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Davey in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
I, HENRY
DAVEY, of 2, John Street, Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
year
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of March, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and graut unto me, the said Henry Davey, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Davey, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Davey, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC MACHINERY, AND IN MEANS OF ACTUATING THE SAME, PART OF WHICH
IS APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Davey, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Davey, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved construction of slide valve
for hydraulic engines, and to certain improvements in the construction
and mode of actuating hydraulic cranes, lifts, hoists, and other water
pressure engines.

page_text: Aud in order that my Invention may be fully understood I shall
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the two Sheets of Drawings here-
unto annexed; the same letters of reference indicating corresponding
parts throughout corresponding Figures.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawing, represents a section, and Figure 2
a plan of a slide valve according to my Invention. a and b are two parts
of of the said valve; c is a collar of leather or other suitable material
covering the point of junction of the two parts a and b. The said valve
is designed for an ordinary simple hydraulic crane or engine. A valve
of a similar construction to the above-named valve, but adapted to
machines of my improved construction, and which will hereafter be
described, is shown in section at d, Sheet 2, Figure 3.
Figure 3, Sheet 2, shows a section, and Figure 4 a side elevation of a
hydraulic cylinder, slide valve, and gear for working the slide valve of a
hydraulic engine, crane, or hoist according to my Invention.
e is a
ram of the sectional area necessary for the maximum load to be put on
it; f is a ram of an area sufficient only for forcing out the ram e when
there is no load on the said engine, crane, or hoist; is a passage
leading from the slide valve case to the inside of the main cylinder; h
is a passage leading from the slide valve case to the inside of the
ram f; is a leather packing; 1, 1, 1, are sheaves over which the lifting
chain is wound in the ordinary way; m is a lever for actuating the
slide valve with, and which lever is continued beyond the fulcrum » and
attached to a rod represented at o, which rod is provided with tappets
which are struck by means of a projection on the cross head of the
ram e and caused thereby to actuate the slide valve.
according
is made
alone is
Figure 5, Sheet 2, represents a portion of a hydraulic lift
to my Invention. The combined areas of the two rams p and
sufficient for the full power required, but the area of the ram
only sufficient area to lift the platforms without a load on it.
slide valve used in connection with this lift is the same in construction
as the one shown in Figure 3 at d, and the self-acting gear is the same
in construction as that shown in the same Figure at o.
The
Another part of my Invention consists in causing the water expended
in working hydraulic cranes and hoists to vary in quantity with the
load lifted, by constructing the lifting or power part of the said crane
or hoist such as that represented in Figures 6, 7, Sheet 1. t is a turbine,

page_text: a drum ou which the chaiu for lifting is wound; is a cog wheel
gearing into the pinion w, and a wheel driven by means of a cord or
belt from the turbine. This crane may be worked from a natural head
of water or in connection with an accumulator. I prefer an air vessel
to a weighted ram as an accumulator for this last type of hydraulic
crane.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that which I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction of equilibrium slide valves, as herein-before
described and illustrated.
Secondly. The means and application of the said means by which
power and water are economised in hydraulic engines, as herein-before
described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The means and peculiar construction of hydraulic crane by
the use of which the power expended is made to vary with the work
done, as herein-before described and illustrated.
Fourthly. The peculiar combination of the parts of hydraulic cranes
as herein-before described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Davey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
HENRY DAVEY. (L.S.)