Manufacture of Asbestos Cement, and of Coverings or Moulded Objects Made therefrom.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 26th Jan., 1895
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Manufacture of Asbestos Cement, and of Coverings or Moulded
Objects Made therefrom.
I, ALBERT KUHLEWEIN, of 103 Urbanstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new manufacture of asbestos cement, which is fire-
proof, weather resisting material intended to protect every wood and iron structure
against the influence of the weather and to render them fire proof to such an extent:
that they will not be injured by long, intense, action of fire.
For this purpose asbestos is mixed with a number of pulverulent substances
such as gypsum, lime-powder, chalk, powdered fireclay, graphite, &c., in various
proportions, according to whether it is desired to have a specifically light or heavy:
material.
For the light cement, which is used where under surfaces and lower parts of
constructions can only be lightly loaded, and where it is principally the object to
protect them against the influence of the weather, the compound may advantageously
consist of the following:
:-
"
20
"
"
"
"
crucible or fire clay powder
graphite
"
coke ashes.
"
30
20
For a specifically heavier material, which is employed when in addition to
protection against weather it is desired to protect effectually against fire and the
formation of smoke, and where the isolating material has to withstand considerable
loads, the following compound is advantageously employed :—
30 to 35 parts of a mixture of pure asbestos with equal
دو
proportions of asbestine
cement
lime powder
chalk
60 to 70
"
"
25
"
"
25
99-
20.
"
35
25
"
"
"
"
coke ashes, pumice, or clay powder.
crucible or fire clay powder
graphite
The above mentioned' asbestine mixed with the asbestos is a known product
belonging to the same class as asbestos and resembling talc in appearance.
The asbestos cement, obtained by the above mentioned mixtures, is applied in
layers, varying in thickness (according to the nature of the object to be coated
and its destination) upon the surfaces of the wood or iron structures either as
ready-formed dry moulded pieces, or in the form of mortar.

page_text: In any case the coating or covering of asbestos cement has imbedded in it a
layer of galvanised wire netting.
The dry moulded covering pieces are produced by mixing the pulverulent
mixture with water to form a thick paste or mortar which is then moulded to form
slabs, plates, arch stones, or otherwise formed covering pieces, the above mentioned
galvanised netting being imbedded therein to increase its strength so as to be
situated in about the middle of the thickness of the moulded piece. The moulded
pieces are only dried in the air and can, when dry, be fixed in position by nails,
screws, &c., on iron or wood structures so as to form coverings for walls, floors,
columns, doors, girders, &c.
An advantage of these dry moulded pieces of asbestos cement is that they can
be built up dry in existing dried buildings or structures, so that such buildings or
structures can be at once used.
If the asbestos cement is applied as a soft plaster to structures of any kind, this
is effected simply by first fixing in the position which the coating or covering is to
occupy, a stretched wire netting, which, in the case of a covering to a wall or other
object, should be at a distance therefrom of about one half the thickness of the
isolating covering, to which netting is then applied the asbestos cement in the same
way as ordinary plastering, so as to coat the netting on both sides to the required
thickness, in the middle of which coating the wire netting will then be imbedded.
After superficial drying, the wall, &c., is smoothed down, and after complete
hardening it can be painted; papered, &c.
In order, with thick slabs, plates, &c., to further increase their strength, there
are employed in addition to the wire netting, nettings of jute fibre. to be imbedded
in the cement. In this case, in the manufacture of dry moulded slabs, there is for
example, stretched on either side of the wire netting a sheet of the jute netting
at a certain distance from the former so that the wire netting is situated between
two jute nettings, or, in case of thicker slabs, there may be two or more jute
nettings on either side and the asbestos cement mortar is then introduced into
the mould so as to penetrate through all the layers.
When applying the cement as mortar or plaster directly to the walls, &c., there
is first applied on both sides of the wire netting a layer of asbestos cement, and
over this is stretched the jute netting, and upon this is again spread a layer of
asbestos cement, and so on.
In most cases a single jute netting on each side of the wire netting will
suffice.
The use of this asbestos cement will allow of the most rapid construction of
entire buildings that can be put together and taken to pieces again, or of separate
parts of buildings, walls, ceilings, roofs, wood or iron coverings &c., which shall
be perfectly proof against every kind of atmospheric influences, and which may
be attacked by fire but cannot be destroyed thereby and which also prevent the
formation of smoke, and effectually prevent the extension of fire in a space that
is surrounded by a protecting covering of asbestos cement.
The application of the moulded pieces of asbestos cement, as also of the mortar
therefrom is unlimited, and in no way confined to building structures; the material
is suitable in the same way for the manufacture of fireproof heating flues, for
forming channels, for coating boilers &c. as a protection against loss of heat, as also
for the manufacture of safes, strong rooms and the like.
Dated this 5th day of March 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for Applicant.

page_text: Manufacture of Asbestos Cement, and of Coverings or moulded
Objects Made therefrom.
I, ALBERT KUHLEWEIN, of 103 Urbanstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This invention relates to a new manufacture of asbestos cement, which is a fire
proof, weather resisting material, intended to protect every wood and iron structure
against the influence of the weather and to render them fire proof to such an extent
that they will not be injured by long, intense, action of fire.
For this purpose asbestos is mixed with a number of pulverulent substances such
as gypsum, lime-powder, chalk, powdered fire-clay, graphite, &c., in various
proportions, according to whether it.is desired to have a specifically light or heavy
material.
-
For the light cement, which is used where under surfaces and lower parts of
constructions can only be lightly loaded, and where it is principally the object to
protect them against the influence of the weather, the compound may advantageously
consist of the following :-
:-
30 to 35 parts of a mixture of pure asbestos with equal
proportions of asbestine
cement
lime powder
60 to 70
"
"
25
"
"
25
chalk
"
""
20
"
"
35
25
33
"
"
وو
coke ashes, pumice, or clay powder.
crucible or fire clay powder
graphite
The above mentioned asbestine mixed with the asbestos is a known product
belonging to the same class as asbestos and resembling talc in appearance.
The asbestos cement, obtained by the above mentioned mixtures is applied in
layers, varying in thickness (according to the nature of the object to be coated
and its destination) upon the surfaces of the wood or iron structures either as ready
formed dry moulded pieces, or in the form of mortar.

page_text: In any case the coating or covering of asbestos cement has imbedded in it a
layer of galvanised wire netting.
The dry moulded covering pieces are produced by mixing the pulverulent
mixture with water to form a thick paste or mortar which is then moulded to
form slabs, plates, arch stones, or otherwise formed covering pieces, the above
mentioned galvanised netting being imbedded therein to increase its strength so
as to be situated in about the middle of the thickness of the moulded piece. The
moulded pieces are only dried in the air and can, when dry, be fixed in position
by nails, screws, &c., on iron or wood structures so as to form coverings for walls,
floors, columns, doors, girders, &c.
An advantage of these dry moulded pieces of asbestos cement is that they can
be built up dry in existing dried buildings or structures so that such buildings or
structures can be at once used.
...
"If the asbestos cement is applied as a soft plaster to structures of any kind,
this is effected simply by first fixing in the position which the coating or covering
is to occupy, a stretched wire netting, which, in the case of a covering to a wall
or other object, should be at a distance therefrom of about one half the thickness of
the isolating covering, to which netting is then applied the asbestos cement in the
same way as ordinary plastering so as to coat the netting on both sides to the
required thickness, in the middle of which coating the wire netting will then be
imbedded. After superficial drying, the wall, &c., is smoothed down, and after
complete hardening it can be painted, papered, &c.
In order, with thick slabs, plates, &c., to further increase their strength, there
are employed in addition to the wire netting, nettings of jute fibre to be imbedded
in the cement. In this case, in the manufacture of dry moulded slabs, there is for
example, stretched on either side of the wire netting a sheet of the jute netting at
a certain distance from the former so that the wire netting is situated between two
jute nettings, or, in case of thicker slabs, there may be two or more jute nettings
on either side and the asbestos cement mortar is then introduced into the mould so
as to penetrate through all the layers.
When applying the cement as mortar or plaster directly to the walls, &c., there
is first applied on both sides of the wire netting a layer of asbestos cement, and
over this is stretched the jute netting, and upon this is again spread a layer of
asbestos cement, and so on.
In most cases a single jute netting on each side of the wire netting will
suffice.
The use of this, asbestos cement will allow of the most rapid construction of
entire buildings that can be put together and taken to pieces again, or of separate
parts of buildings, walls, ceilings, roofs, wood or iron coverings &c., which shall
be perfectly proof against every kind of atmospheric influences, and which may be
attacked by fire but cannot be destroyed thereby and which also.-prevent the
formation of smoke and effectually prevent the extension of fire, in a space that is
surrounded by a protecting covering of asbestos cement.
The application of the moulded pieces of asbestos cement, as also of the mortar
therefrom is unlimited, and in no way confined to building structures; the material
is suitable in the same way for the manufacture of fire proof heating flues, for
forming channels, for coating boilers &c., as a protection against loss of heat, as
also for the manufacture of safes, strong rooms and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) A manufacture of fire proof and weather resisting material termed asbestos
cement, for coating or covering wood and iron structures, consisting of a mixture
of asbestos, gypsum, lime powder, chalk, fireclay powder, graphite and the like, in
varving proportions

page_text: e mixture:
a, for a specifically light material, of:
30 to 35 parts of a mixture of pure asbestos with an equal
proportion of asbestine
60 to 75
وو
» gypsum
lime powder
chalk
25
"
20
99.
"
20
"
30
"
"
and 20
"
دو
coke ashes.
crucible or fire clay
graphite
and b, for a specifically heavier material, of:
30 to 35 parts of a mixture of pure asbestos with an equal.
دو
proportion of asbestine
cement
lime powder
60 to 70
"
"
25
"
25
chalk
"
"
20
"
"
35
"
"
and 25
دو
- "
coke ashes, pumice stone, or burnt clay.
crucible or fire clay
graphite
(3.) In fire and weather proof isolating layers prepared of material such as is
eferred to in the first claim, the introduction of wire netting and of one or more
ate nettings into the mass of asbestos cement for the purpose of increasing the
trength of the insulating material against fracture.
Dated this 27th day of November 1894.
ABEL & IMRAT,
Agents for Applicant.