End Compound Engines.
Year: 1886

page_text: End Compound Engines.
I, JAMES BLACK of Auchentoshan, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain;
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in. the construction of
steam and other motive power-engines, is a development of the Invention described
in the Provisional Specification of the said James Black No. 14574 A.D. 1885.
The present improvements consist in the application or employment of the
essential features of the engine described in the aforesaid Provisional Specification
to engines of other classes than are therein referred to, for example, to what are
known as oscillating engines, and "end to end" compound engines.
In applying the said Invention to oscillating engines the piston rod or rods of
the oscillating cylinder or cylinders as the case may be is or are attached to the
lever at a point or at points above or below that, or concentrically with the point
or centre to which the connecting rod of the crank is attached.
In applying the said improvements to an "end to end" compound engine the
aforesaid swinging lever described in the aforesaid Provisional Specification is
situated by preference intermediately between the two cylinders being connected
thereto by a link or links and with or without a parallel motion. In this case, in
order to bring the connecting rods when necessary either on a line with the centre
of the piston rod or above or below it. The piston rod, in the case of two end to
end cylinders, has fixed upon it a crosshead of sufficient width to enable the
connecting rods to be attached at a sufficiently low level and in the case of single
cylinder engines as well as in the case of engines having several pistons on one or
both sides of the lever guides may be substituted for the parallel motions herein
referred to.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
Petitioner's Agents,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.

page_text: Power Engines, such as, Oscillating Engines, and
End "Compound Engines.
End to
I, JAMES BLACK of Auchentoshan, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, SUCH AS OSCIL-
LATING ENGINES, AND`" END TO END" COMPOUND ENGINES and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention, which relates to certain improvements in the construction of
steam and other motive power engines, is a development of the Invention described
in my Complete Specification No. 14574 A.D. 1885.
My present improvements consist in the application or employment of the
essential features of the engines described in the aforesaid Complete Specification
to engines of other classes than are therein referred to, for example, to what are
known as oscillating engines, and "end to end" compound engines.
In applying my said Invention to oscillating engines the piston rod of the
oscillating cylinder is attached to the swinging lever at a point or centre above or
below that, or concentrically with the point or centre in the swinging lever to
which the connecting rod of the crank is attached. It is here explained that in
oscillating engines constructed according to my Invention, in place of one oscillating
cylinder two or more oscillating cylinders may be employed, the piston rods of
which are or may be connected to the swinging lever, at one side thereof at
different levels, or such oscillating cylinders may be arranged on both sides of
the said lever. When the oscillating cylinders are at different levels, it is obvious
that the lengths of stroke of their pistons are proportional to the distance of the
centres of connection of those piston rods from the centre upon which the lever
swings or vibrates.
In applying my said improvements to an "end to end" compound engine the
aforesaid swinging lever described in the aforesaid Complete Specification is
situated by preference intermediately between the two cylinders being connected
thereto by a link or links and with or without a parallel motion. In engines of
this class, in order to bring the connecting rods when necessary either on a line
with the centre of the piston rod or above or below it, the swinging lever may
have fixed upon it a crosshead of sufficient width to enable a pair of connecting
rods to be attached at a level sufficiently low to work clear of contact with the
cylinders but the cylinders may also be placed at a lower level in which case a
single connecting rod without a crosshead is used.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: Figure 1, is an elevation of a single cylinder oscillating engine constructed
according to my present Invention.
Figure 2, is a plan of the same.
Figures 3 and 4 are respectively an elevation and plan of such parts of an "end to
end" compound engine as are necessary to illustrate such engines constructed
according to my present Invention.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively an elevation and plan of another "end to end".
compound 'engine somewhat differently arranged to that shewn at Figures 3 and 4.
In the single cylinder oscillating engine to which, at Figures 1 and 2, I have
represented my present improvements as applied, the outer end of the piston rod a,
is connected by the pin b, to the swinging lever c, which as shewn more parti-
cularly in plan at Figure 2, is for strength and lightness preferably constructed
of two parallel bars. This lever is pivoted at d, to the hollow in the bedplate e,
this part being preferably sunk below the general level of the bed-plate. To the
upper end of the lever c, the connecting rod g, is attached by the pin f, as shewn,
and the opposite end of the connecting rod is coupled to the crank pin h.
"
The valve in the valve chest i, (Figure 2) is worked by means of the eccentric ;, and
eccentric rod k, but it may be operated by any other convenient means and steam
is admitted in the manner ordinarily adopted in oscillating engines by the pipe l,
through the trunnion m. From the example shewn at Figures 1 and 2 of applying
a single oscillating cylinder to operate the swinging lever c, it will be obvious to a
practical engineer how to apply two or more such cylinders to one swinging lever,
which connects them collectively by one connecting rod to the crank of the engine.
The engine represented at Figures 3 and 4 of the annexed drawings (shewing
such parts thereof as are necessary to the proper understanding of my Invention,)
is what is sometimes known as an end to end" compound engine in which the
piston rod n, connects the piston in the low pressure cylinder o, with that in the
high pressure cylinder p, in such a manner as to dispense with the necessity of
guides or slides or a parallel motion for the piston rod, for the piston rod is guided
in its movements by the cylinders themselves with their glands and stuffing boxes.
The piston rod n, is connected to the swinging lever r, by means of the links 8,
more fully seen in plan at Figure 4: The swinging lever r, is pivoted at t, to the
bed plate u, in a manner similar to that described in connection with the Figures 1
and 2, of the annexed drawings and described in my former Specification. At the
upper end of the swinging lever r, the connecting rod w, is coupled in the ordinary
manner, the outer end thereof being connected to the crank x.
The slide valves are worked in the ordinary manner by two eccentrics a¹, and b¹,
respectively connected with the slide valves contained in the valve chest c¹, and d',
by the valve rods e¹, and f1, any other convenient means may be used for actuating
the slide valves as I do not restrict myself to the valve gear shewn in tho
accompanying drawings.
At Figures 5 and 6 is shewn another slightly modified arrangement of an "end
to end" compound engine in which the said parts are marked with reference
letters corresponding to Figures 3 and 4, aud in the engine so shewn a double
connecting rod consisting of a pair of rods w, is employed instead of the single
connecting rod shewn at Figures 3 and 4. The swinging lever r, is provided with
a crosshead v, to which the inner ends of the connecting rods are coupled.
It will be observed that in the engine illustrated at Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6,
I have not shewn the steam pipes connecting the exhaust of the high pressure
cylinder p, with the low pressure cylinder o, the same not being necessary to the
understanding of my Invention.
In the case of single cylinder engines as well as in the case of engines having
several pistons on one or both sides of the lever, guides may be substituted for the
parallel motions described in the aforesaid Complete Specification and hereinbefore
referred to.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. In motive power engines of the class known as oscillating engines,
connecting the piston rod or piston rods of the oscillating cylinder or cylinders
to a swinging lever, the said swinging lever being coupled to the crank as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the annexed drawings.
Second. In motive power engines of the class known as "end to end ".compound
engines connecting the piston rod (or piston rods when more than one pair of "end
to end" cylinders are employed) to a swinging lever, the said swinging lever, being
coupled to the crank as herein before described and illustrated by the annexed
drawings.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
Applicant's Agenta.