A Machine for the Purpose of Promoting and Facilitating the Circulation of Air in Main Drains, Conduits, or Sewage Pipes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1887
Complete Left, 14th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
A Machine for the Purpose of Promoting and Facilitating the
Circulation of Air in Main Drains, Conduits, or Sewage Pipes.
I FRANCIS FRYER ABBEY of Salendine Nook Huddersfield Merchant do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I propose to erect a water-wheel or water-wheels at the entrance of the main outlet
or outlets of the main Drain or Drains, which wheel or wheels shall be turned or
driven by the running of the sewage itself. To each wheel or wheels shall be attached,
a wind wheel, or fan, or suction pump, which wheel or fan, or suction pump, shall
work in the drain immediately above or over the level of the water or sewage, and
which will suck or draw the Gas or Air down the pipes, thereby promoting and
facilitating a healthful circulation of fresh air throughout the whole system of drainage
in connection therewith.

page_text: A Machine for the Purpose of Promoting and Facilitating the
Circulation of Air in Main Drains, Conduits, or Sewage Pipes.
I, FRANCIS FRYER ABBEY Merchant, of Salendine Nook Huddersfield, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
I, propose to erect a Propellor, or Fan, or Suction pump, or any machine or
aparatus, which will best produce the effect of drawing the Air or Gas through or
from the Main drains conduits or Sewage pipes. Such Propellor, fan, or Suction
pump, &c. to be fixed at each terminus or outlet of the main drains, and at such other
junctions of the main drains, as shall be deemed necessary to induce, or compel, the
circulation of Air or Gas in the direction of the rush of the stream, throughout the
whole drainage area. This invention is specially devised to work in connection with,
and auxiliary to, Patent Number 3889-87 in which it is required, that there shall be
no openings whatever, from the upper sides of the Main drains, Conduits, or Sewage
pipes, except Manholes, or other holes, which are to be used solely for the purposes of
inspection or repairs; and which said holes are closed with lids, or doors, at all times,
other than when required for such aforesaid purposes; so that all fresh air, which is
drawn into the main-drains, conduits, or sewage pipes, must necessarily come by way
of the Ventilators, opening to the base of the drain, or at the level of the stream, or
coming with the sewage, direct from the point of entry of such Sewage, or a point in
connection therewith. That each propellor, Fan, or Suction pump, or such machine
as may be used for that purpose, shall, wherever possible, be worked automatically,
by Wheel, or Turbine; or by such other machine as is necessary for the purpose, by
means of the fall, or force, of the Sewage running in the Sewers; or by wind, or
steam, or other power, or by a combination of such or similar forces, in such manner
as shall procure, or compel, in the direction of the rush of the stream, a draught of
air, from the extremity of the source of each drain, or its connections. That the outlet,
or terminus of each main-drain, or such other position in the drainage area, in which
it is deemed desirable to place such Propellor, Fan, or Suction pump &c., shall be so
widened, or enlarged, as to permit of the erection of the necessary machine, either
over, or at the side or sides, or beneath the stream of sewage, and that for the purpose
of keeping the enlarged or widened aperture, or chamber, closed from the outer air,
except by or through the Propellor, Fan, or Suction pump, or such other machine as
shall be in use for that purpose, a moveable float, (Fig. 1) made from wood, or
other suitable material, shall be constructed (in such a manner as to be able to with-
stand a sudden rush of water,) within the said aperture of the main drain, conduit, or
sewage pipe, across which float, a bar of wood or other material, shall be fitted,

page_text: stretching over or occupying the whole of the space, from the lowest level of the
stream, up to the full height to which a full drain of sewage would rise; and which
moveable Float, shall rise, or fall, with the rise or fall of the stream, so as to secure
that at whatever height or depth the stream may happen to be, the whole space above
it shall be entirely closed, except at the aperture through which the Air, or Gas, is
intended to circulate, or be expelled by means of a Propellor, Fan, or Suction
pump, or such other machine or aparatus. That such aforesaid wheel, Turbine &c.
may be fixed within, and attached to, the moveable Float, providing that, at whatever
level the stream may be; the Float following that level shall not compel the Wheel,
or Turbine, to touch the bottom of the drain, which. Wheel, in such case would, (were
it a wheel) be what is termed an undershoot-wheel. The axle of the aforesaid
Wheel as shewn in Fig. 1. would be stayed, or held by stilts, or supports, fixed at
each end of the said axle, thereby hindering the further progress of the Wheel,
towards the base of the Sewage pipe, and in such case, enabling the said Wheel, to
act independent of the float, at such times as when the stream runs at a lesser depth,
than is consistent with the safety, or freedom of action, of the said wheel.
providing that the stream of Sewage were too weak or low, to give the necessary
impetus to the Wheel or Turbine &c., the shaft in connection with the Propeller, Fan,
or Suction Pump might then be run or worked by a Steam, Air, Gas, or Electrical
machine, of such strength and proportions, as shall be deemed suitable to each
particular, or local necessity, or requirement.
And
That part of the Moveable Float, which penetrates behind the wheel, down to the
level of the stream of Sewage, besides serving to balance the said wheel, hinders; by
blocking the entire space above the level of the stream, at the entrance to the
outlet, the possibility of any Air or Gas finding its way out of the chamber in that
direction.
That this system shall further apply to all Main Drains, Conduits, or Sewage pipes,
which have the joints, for connecting branches, entering the larger drain or drains
below the middle or centre of the said main or larger drains, that is to say, below a
line which should represent half the distance vertically, from the highest point of
space, within the circle of the main drain, conduit, or sewage pipe, and that wherever
possible, it shall apply to all other systems, which will admit of a continuous draught
of Air, uninterruptedly, from point of entry, to outlet or Propelling Chamber. That
attached to each outlet or Propelling Chamber, should it be deemed necessary, a
chimney, taking the whole of the Gas or Air, from the Propellor, Fan, or Suction
pump, or such other machine as may be used for that purpose; shall be built, at such
necessary height as to carry away to the upper atmosphere, the propelled Air or Gas,
as it is withdrawn from the drains.
A. The points, inside which is, the Air tight chamber, (straight, and dotted
lines).
B. The circular space, inside which is fixed the Propellor, Fan, or Suction Pump
(line and two dots.)
C. The pulley attached to the aforesaid propellor, Fan, or Suction Pump, and
turned by wheel D.
E. The Shaft upon which is fixed wheel D, and also, cogwheel F. (line and three
dots.)
F. The cogwheel, which is attached to shaft E. and which wheel is cogged to fit the
cogs in wheel H.
G. Bar affixed to float K, and holding the wheel in position.
H. Sewage wheel, which is cogged to fit wheel F., at its outer circumference; and
of proportionate weight to the strength of the Float.
I. Stilt supports for axle of Sewage Wheel, "H. to prevent it from settling lower,
when the line of Sewage which regulates the height of Float K," and upon which
the Float rests; recedes to below the line O."
K. Float, of suitable material and of such form and proportion, as will hold the
Sewage Wheel H," to its rise or fall within the air-tight chamber, from the Stilt
supports upwards (dot and line).

page_text: L. Cavity, in the float which will enable wheel F." to work freely should the line
of Sewage recede below O."
M. Present line of Float K."
M. 1. Highest point to which Float K," can rise.
M. 2. Lowest point to which Float K," can recede or settle.
N. The Main Drain, Conduit, or Sewage pipe, to which propelling chamber is
fixed.
O. Supposed average level of Sewage (waved line).
Arrows
The direction of Sewage Air or Gas from Sewage pipe to outlet at
Propellor, Fan, or Suction Pump.
This plan is not drawn to any scale, but is intended merely to give prominence to
the most important features of the Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is,
That by my Invention, I provide for and secure at all times, and in all weathers;
whatever may be the state of the outer atmosphere, or the rapidity of the stream, or
its comparative stagnation, or the unevenness of the drainage area, all of which are
amongst the conditions; which affect the formation and accumulation of obnoxious
Gases; a healthy circulation of fresh air, in all the Main drains, Conduits, or Sewage
pipes.
That as opposed, and in contradistinction to, other Inventions for the removal of
obnoxious Gases, from the drains, which must primarily depend upon the comparative
density of the outer atmosphere, and which if in work are constantly drawing the
worst and most dangerous Gases nearest to the neighbourhood of the breathing
population and their habitations, 1, on the contrary by my Invention compel a
constant circulation of Gas and fresh Air in the direction of the rush of the stream,
thus drawing the freshest Air and the Gas as it arises, from the least populated
districts to the outlets of the larger drains, and thereby securing a healthy tone to
the atmosphere of the whole drainage area.
Dated this Thirteenth day of February 1888