Decomposing the Fumes therefrom.
Year: 1885

page_text: Decomposing the Fumes therefrom.
I, BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY, of 37 Victoria Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES FOR BURNING TOWNS REFUSE AND DECOMPOSING THE FUMES
THEREFROM to be as follows:-
:-
The main furnace has a combustion chamber provided with a firegrate and
ashpit with doors at the front end. The outlet flue to Chimney is formed at the
back end of the furnace a few feet from the firegrate. Between the firegrate and
the outlet flue is a space which I termed the "Secondary Zone" which may be level
or sloping upwards from firegrate to outlet flue. The firegrate may also be slightly
inclined towards the drawing doors or it may be level and it may have rocking
bars or ordinary screen bars. Another arrangement of firegrate consists of alternate
rolled screen bars supported and kept at the proper distance apart by intermediate
cast bars which have fins on both sides about twelve inches apart. The alternate
screen bars of the last named arrangement may be moved by means of a rocking
bearer fitted with toggles to suit the notches in lower edge of each bar.
Over the main furnace I build a drying chamber which is provided with a
charging opening at the front end, an inlet near the back end into main furnace
through which inlet the dried material is passed, and doors at front or back or at
front and back ends.
The inlet for dried material is provided with a cut off slide or valve.
The floor
of drying chamber forms the roof of combustion chamber and may be of cast iron
plates or of fireclay blocks and may be level or it may slope from the front
charging opening to the dried material inlet. Small flues are formed in the side
walls of the furnace which connect the drying chamber with the ashpit of furnace
through which flues the fumes from drying furnace are drawn to the firegrate
either by the draught of the chimney or by means of any well known steam jet
apparatus. The fumes are by this arrangement passed through the fire on the grate
together with the necessary air which may enter through the ashpit doors or partly
there and partly through openings in the drying Chamber.
In starting a furnace a fire is lighted on the grate and the drying chamber
receives its first charge of refuse. When the charge is dried it is passed into the

page_text: secondary zone the main fire is still kept up and the second charge is spread for
drying. When the latter is dried the first charge is drawn on to the grate the
second charge is dropped to the secondary zone and the third charge is spread.
As soon as the first charge is reduced to clinker it is withdrawn the other charges
are each moved a stage forward and a new charge is spread. The process of
charging refuse and drawing clinkers follows regularly afterwards by repetition of
the operations now described.
When the refuse is too low in carbonaceous matter to maintain sufficient heat
for the drying chamber and to decompose the fumes I add a small proportion of
light coke or other cheap fuel to the fired refuse on the grate or if the refuse is
very inferior and contains and excessive amount of moisture I pass the fumes from
drying chamber through a special coke fire built with closed firegrate and with or
without the steam jet apparatus. One such coke fire may take the fumes from one
or more furnaces and may be in the same range as the main furnaces or may be
built as one of them in all respects or it may be built at a different level and in a
separate place as the nature of the application may require. Where two or more
furnaces are built at once bypass valves are arranged so that the fumes from a
newly made fire may be passed to the adjoining fire on the right or left which may
be at full heat.
T
100K

page_text: Improvements in Furnaces for Burning Towns' Refuse and
Decomposing the Fumes therefrom.
BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY of 37 Victoria Street, Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR BURNING TOWNS REFUSE AND DECOMPOSING
THE FUMES THEREFROM and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The main furnace has, a combustion chamber provided with a firegrate and
ashpit with doors at the front end.. The outlet flue to chimney is formed at the
back end of the furnace a few feet from the firegrate. Between the firegrate and
the outlet flue is a space which I term the "secondary zone" which may be level
or sloping upwards from firegrate to outlet flue. The firegrate may also be slightly
inclined towards the drawing doors or it may be level and it may have rocking
bars or ordinary screen bars. Another arrangement of firegrate consists of alternate
rolled screen bars supported and kept at the proper distance apart by intermediate
cast bars which have fins on both sides about 12 inches apart. The alternate screen
bars of the last named arrangement may be moved by means of a rocking bearer
fitted with toggles to suit the notches in lower edge of each bar.
Over the main furnace I build a drying chamber which is provided with a
charging opening at the front end, an inlet over the back end of main furnace
through which inlet the dried material is passed, and cleaning doors at front or
back or at front and back ends of Blues.
The inlet for dried material is provided with a cut off slide or valve.
The floor of drying chamber forms the roof of combustion chamber and may be
of cast iron plates or of fireclay blocks and may be level or it may slope from the
front charging opening to the dried material inlet.
Small flues are formed in the side walls of the furnace, which connect the drying
chamber with the ashpit of furnace through which flues the fumes from drying
chamber are drawn to the firegrate either by the draught of the chimney or by
means of any well known, steam jet apparatus. The fumes are by this arrange-
ment passed through the fire on the grate together with the necessary air which
may enter through the ashpit doors or partly there and partly through openings in
the drying chamber.
Where two or more furnaces are built at once by-pass valves are arranged so
that the fumes from a newly made fire may be passed to the adjoining fire which
may be at full beat.
In starting a furnace a fire is lighted on the grate and the drying chamber
receives its first charge of refuse. When the charge is dried it is passed into the
secondary zone, the main fire is still kept up and the second charge is spread for
drying. When the latter is dried the first charge is drawn on to the grate, the
second charge is dropped to the secondary zone and the third charge is spread.

page_text: As soon as the first charge is reduced to clinker it is withdrawn the other charges
are each moved a stage forward and a new charge is spread.
When two furnaces are worked together they are charged alternately, the second
furnace being charged about one hour after the first, so that each furnace is charged
once in two hours or thereabouts. Before starting to withdraw the clinkers the
valves should all be reversed so that the heat from the grate which is being
clinkered passes through the secondary zone to the other grate on which the refuse
will then be fairly on fire. The process of charging refuse and drawing clinkers
follows regularly afterwards by repetition of the operations now described.
When the refuse is too low in carbonaceous matter to maintain sufficient heat
for the drying chamber and to decompose the fumes I add a small proportion of
light coke or other cheap fuel to the fired refuse on the grate or if the refuse is
very inferior and contains an excessive amount of moisture 1 pass the fumes from
drying chamber through a special coke fire built with closed firegrate and with or
without the steam jet apparatus. One such coke fire may take the fumes from
two or four furnaces and may be in the same range as the main furnaces and may
be built as one of them in all respects or it may be built at a different level and
in a separate place as the nature of the application may require.
Referring to the two sheets of drawings, the letters of reference where repeated
on the several figures refer to the same or similar parts.
Figures 1 and 2 shew two furnaces side by side built with by-pass valves so that
the fumes from one may be passed to the grate of the other whilst at the same
time the said valves allow the products of combustion to pass to the chimney flue.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section and Figure 2 is a horizontal section on line A B.
Figures 3 & 4 shew two furnaces erected back to back the details of construction
being precisely the same in principle as shewn on figures 1 and 2. Figure 3 is a
longitudinal section and Figure 4 is a transverse section on line C. D.
The combustion chambers A have firegrates B and ashpits C with doors D. The
main outlet flues E are at the back end.
The secondary zones F may be level or sloping, starting nearly level with the
back end of firegrates or from 9 to 12 inches above.
Over the main furnaces A are the drying chambers G with charging openings H
for raw refuse, and inlets J for dried refuse.
Flues K are formed in the walls, connecting the drying chambers G with the
ashpits C in which flues are cleaning doors Q. The valves of inlets J work on
pivots and are actuated by screwed spindles connected thereto by links as shewn.
By pass valves L are formed as threeway valves with a flap and suitable frame
and lever each and are arranged so as to communicate with the ashpits at Mor
furnaces at N. Other valves O are formed as fourway valves with a flap and a
frame with side openings P each and suitable levers for same.
When the furnaces are built in pairs the ashpits are connected by flues R so
that each grate may be supplied with fumes and air from the inlets M whichever
of these inlets may be in connection with flues K.
When the flaps of valves L of right-hand furnace are set vertically the flaps of
corresponding valves in left-hand furnace are set horizontally, and thus the fumes
and air are passed from the drying chamber to the ashpit of the right hand furnace
whilst the heat passes to the chimney from the left hand furnace as indicated on
the drawings herewith.
Another modification of the principal features of this invention is secured by
building the main furnaces with direct down flue connection at the upper end of
the secondary zone each furnace being thus completely severed from the other as
regards passing the heated currents from the secondary zone of one to that of the
next. The drying chambers are however still connected in pairs and the fumes
and vapours therefrom are lead to the ashpits as already described, but in this
modification only one threeway flap valve is required for two ashpits.
The fires are still charged alternately and the threeway valve is set so as to put
the ashpit of the hottest fire in communication with the drying chambers. The

page_text: flap valve in bottom of drying chamber may under this arrangement be placed
farther from the front of the furnace and the fourway valves are dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1st Erecting and using furnaces for the purpose herein-before named, built and
worked in the manner herein shewn and described or any mere modification
thereof.
2nd Applying the whole or any part of the details herein-before described for
the repairing or alteration of existing furnaces used for the same purpose.
B. D. HEALEY,