A COG-WHEEL, CRAB, OR CAPSTAN, WITH GEERS TO WORK SHIPS PUMPS, ENGINES, AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES, AND IN THE ACT OF WORKING THE PUMPS, ENGINES, OR MACHINES, TO GIVE A SHIP WAY THROUGH THE WATER IN CALMS OR LIGHT WINDS
Year: 1797

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HARRIOTT, of Prescot Street, Goodman's Fields, in the County of Middlesex
Esquire, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Thirty-first day of October now last past, hath given and granted
unto me, the said John Harriott, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, to make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, during the term of years therein expressed, my Invention of
"A COG-WHEEL, CRAB, OR CAPSTAN, WITH GEERS TO WORK SHIPS PUMPS, ENGINES,
AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES, AND IN THE ACT OF WORKING THE PUMPS, ENGINES,
OR MACHINES, TO GIVE A SHIP WAY THROUGH THE WATER IN CALMS OR LIGHT
WINDS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe obliging
me, the said John Harriott, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being
thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Harriott, in compliance with
the said provisoe, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in the following plans and description thereof, vizt
A is the shaft or spindle of the capstan, to be made of wood, iron, or other
metal, or some or one of them, to be fixed for working in a metal step, the
upper end being secured to the deck above by brass couplings or other
fastenings. On this shaft is to be fixed a tooth cog-wheel B, (of wood and
iron, or other metal, or some or one.of. them,) adjusted. to such height as will
suit to work.a.pinion. wheel C. fitted-to-an-axle-D with-cranks E (of iron or
other metal), that will work one or inore pumps as wanted; the size of the tooth
and pinion wheels to be according to the number of strokes intended to be
given to the pumps by every revolution of the capstan. If the well where the
pumps are placed is six feet in diameter, eight pumps or more may be worked
together or separately by loosing such of the pump bucket rods from the
cranks as are not intended to be worked:--On the upper part of the capstan
or cog-wheel B are to be sockets (of iron or other metal) for shipping
and unshipping the capstan bars, F; (of wood, iron, or other material,) which
when shipped and manned requires no other attendance than is usual to work
the common capstan. Where the pumps are wanted to be worked on one
deck, and the capstan on the deck above, the shaft of the capstan, must be
continued through the deck, and a drum-head be fixed on the shaft. By
adding to this the other requisite parts of a common capstan, it may be used
as such, for the ordinary business of the vessel, as well as for working of the
pumps, either, separately or together. To complete the cog-wheel capstan,
besides the wheels already mentioned, there is, an, axle with a crank or
cranks E, on which axle the pinion wheels C are fastened. The axle has
supporters of a suitable height, working in bearings of brass or other metal.
When the pumps are intended to be worked by the geers hereafter mentioned,
independent of the capstan wheel, the capstan shaft and cog-wheel may be raised
and suspended from the pinion wheels. The cranks E are made of different
lengths, so as give a longer or shorter stroke as suits best. The pump
bucket rod is hung to and worked by the rotatory motion of the crank when
the capstan makes a complete revolution on its axis. Or the pumps may be
-worked at an equal-discharge, by an up and down motion of the cranks, when
the capstan bars are moved backwards and forwards, forming part of the arch
of a circle, which at eight. feet from the center. need not exceed three feet.
Where it is more convenient, for want of room, a segment or part of the cog-
wheel, crab, or capstan, may be used instead of the whole. To work pumps

page_text: "
with the cog-wheel, crab, or capstan, by the ship or vessel's motion through
the water, or when lying in a current, a long axle G, (of wood, iron, or other
material,) is to be prepared sufficient to reach from the capstan to the outside
of the slip; on to the inner end of this axle is to be fixed a pinion wheel. H to
catch and work the capstan cog-wheel, and on the other end on the outside
of the vessel is to be shipped a water-wheel I (of wood or other material), the
arms or paddles of which dipping in the water, it is put in motion by the
vessel's way through the water, which working the capstan wheel C, the
capstan then works the pumps without the assistance of men. The geers
are, first, a double-handled lever K, (of wood, iron, or other material,) which
fitting on to the axle over two of the pumps, when the cog-wheel B is
thrown out of work, one or more men at each end of the lever are capable
of working both pumps together, discharging from one while drawing water
with the other. These geers or double-handled levers may be made to work
two pumps, independent of any capstan, on the following simple construction:
Take any two pumps L, L, fit them in a cistern head (or not, at option,)
two feet from center to center, fix an axle M (of iron or other material)
across and right in the center between these pumps high enough to work
a double, lever N (of wood, iron, or other material,) fastened to this axle,
which lever (if for pumps not exceeding eight inch bores) need not be
other than a simple straight bar, extending from three to four feet from
the axle to each end. In this lever, twelve inches on each side of the
axle, is to be a hole, plumming perpendicular over the center of each
pump; to these holes the pump bucket rods 0, 0, are to be fixed by bolts ;
when the, men at each end of the lever working the same, the one
end up and the other down alternately, will give considerable, aid to each
other. Secondly, an iron or metal cap guide P. is made to fit over the head
of each pump, with a bar (of iron or other material) 'across, a hole in the
center of 'that bar for a guide rod to come through from 'the bucket, which
bucket being worked by slings suspended from the lever, the bucket is thus'
kept perpendicular; altho' it takes a stroke of sixteen inches. If a longer
or shorter stroke is intended, holes must be made in the lever farther
nearer to the axle; for very large pumps that require many men, a double
frame. must be extended froin the axle with cross handles at the ends instead
of the straight bar.. In ships where it is not convenient to have a pump
capstan, with pumps fixed far enough from the mast to allow the bars to
work round, the pumps with the capstan may be placed as near to the mast
as usual, and the pump capstan be worked by shoving or moving the bars
or
9

page_text: backwards and forwards, giving as copious a discharge as working the
capstan quite, round; and in small vessels that cannot spare the room to
fix a pump capstan, they may work the two pumps fitted with the double
lever handle N by the ship's common capstan as thus:-With a quadrant
of my cog-wheel B. (prepared purposely) secured by bolts to the under part
of the drum-head of the ship's capstan, there is to be a long axle with a
pinion wheel at one end (similar, to the pinion wheel C) adjusted to it, sup-
ported on a bearer fastened to the deck; the other end of the axle is to
be fitted to work in the bearers where the axle M with the double-handled
lever is removed from; at this end of the long axle between the bearers,
are to be two cranks fixed pointing horizontally over the two pumps, to which
the pump bucket rods being fastened, they may then be worked by the motion
of the ship's capstan.
To give the ship or vessel of any kind way through the water in calms or light
winds, the water must first be let in from the stern of the vessel, and then worked
up by pumps, engines, or hydraulic machines of any kind, to force the water out
again just under the surface from the stern of the vessel, thereby obtaining a double
impulse by its entrance and exit to move her through the water. For letting
the water in, metal or other pipes are to be laid as low down as convenient,
communicating with the, water on the outside with a stop cock on the inside,
which by turning lets the water in with great force against the inside of
the ship, and impels her forward.. The water thus let in is to be worked
by the pumps, &c., with the capstan or any other powers that may be applied
to work them. The water when raised by open-headed lift-pumps or others,
and conveyed to a cistern to form a head, will according to its weight force
the water with a velocity through the pipe that is to discharge it just below
the surface of the water on the outside, thereby accelerating the vessel's
way through the water. If the water is raised by forcing pumps or engines,
it will be drove out through those pipes that are to discharge it a little below
the water's edge; or the water raised by forcing pumps might be conducted
high enough to turn a wheel rigged out at the time for that purpose, the fans
of which taking the surface of the water, would operate as oars to give the
ship way through the water.
-In-witness-whereof,-1,-the-said-John-Harriott,_have_hereunto_set_my_
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight.
JOHN HARRIOTT. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-third day of
April, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Harriott came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twenty-third day of April, in the year above written.