IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Addington, of Phipps Bridge, Merton, in the
County of Surrey, Varnish Maker, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Addington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
May 1863.
I, PAUL ADDINGTON, of Phipps Bridge, Merton, in the County of Surrey,
Varnish Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES," to be as follows:--
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of varnishes is applicable
to the uses of railway and other carriage builders, house decorators, paper
stainers, enamellers, oiled baize and loather or varnished cloth makers, and
all or any other purposes to which varnishes are usually or ordinarily applied.
propose to manufacture the said varnishes by the following method, viz., by
fusing gums, resins, or resinous gums, such as gum amber, gum copal, gum
animi, gum dammar, gum kowrie, gum asphaltum, or gum resin, in silver,
plated iron, or copper vessels in the following proportions, viz.,—
I
Gum, 56 lbs.
Clarified oil, 20 gallons.
Petroleum, 18
37
at a temperature varying from 400° to 700° Fahrenheit
The gums or resin being in a state of fusion, I introduce or mix clarified
vegetable oils, either linseed, nut, poppy, or sunflower oil, in the proportion
named. The gums or resin being mixed or combined with the oil, 1 then

page_text: employ as a vehicle the rock oil or petroleum of commerce (now obtained from
America, or to be obtained elsewhere), or the rectified petroleum of commerce,
or crude petroleum of commerce, or petroleum refined in the manner or by the
process as herein-after described, instead of spirits or oil of turpentine. By
combining these three products, viz., gums or resins, clarified vegetable oils,
and rock oil or petroleum, I manufacture the articles which I term "pure
clastic varnishes," that is to say, varnishes of a firm drying character, durable
in wear, and of brilliant finish, at the same time entirely free from the
injurious effects produced by the employment of metallic driers. I am
convinced, by experience, that the absence of metallic driers will obviate the
cracking and perishing usually found in the wearing or use of varnishes manu-
factured by the methods heretofore employed.
I also claim merit for the improvement I introduce by the employment of
petroleum in my manufacture of first-class pale varnishes for high and superior
decorations, viz., refined petroleum produced by macerating pine or yellow
deal sawdust in crude petroleum contained in a tight vessel, subjected to the
action of heat supplied by a steam jet at a temperature of 130° Farenheit for
a period of from six to eight days, the temperature is then raised until the
petroleum distils over in the ordinary manner. I do not confine my process
to the above proportions or temperatures, but propose to alter the proportions
or temperatures as occasion or the exigencies of the manufacture may require.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paul Addington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
ADDINGTON, of Phipps Bridge, Merton, in the County of Surrey, Varnish
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Paul Addington, Iler special licence that I, the said Paul Addington,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Paul
Addington, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,

page_text: and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Paul Addington, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Addington, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this Invention consists in the manufacture of varnishes appli-
cable to the uses of railway and other carriage builders, house decorators,
paper stainers, enamellers, oiled baizo and leather or varnished cloth_makers,
and all or any other purposes to which gum or resinous varnishes are usually
or ordinarily applied, to be as follows:-I propose to manufacture the said
varnishes by the following method, viz., by fusing gums, resins or resinous
gums, viz.

page_text: pale varnishes for first-class decorations consists in the maceration of pine or
yellow deal sawdust in petroleum or spirit contained in a tight vessel subject
to the action of heat supplied by a steam jet, at a temperature of 130° F. for
a period of from 2 to 3 days, the petroleum being then distilled in the ordinary
way. I do not confine myself to the above proportions or temperatures, but!
shall vary these as occassion may require.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Addington, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.