Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 26th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 8th May, 1899-Accepted, 8th July, 1899
I, ALBERT DORMOY, Director of Forges et Fonderies of Sougland, at Sougland,
in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
-
The enamelling of cast metal with enamels having as base pulverised lead
which is sprayed upon parts previously raised to a red heat is the method most
usually adopted owing to the facility of its application and the excellent results
which it affords.
This process, however, presents the very grave defect of poisoning all work-
people in carrying it out; doctors in the neighbourhood of enamelling shops.
report strongly upon the terrible ravages caused by the present method of
spraying, the least that can be said of it is that it is inhumane.
It is in vain that recently respirators, which for the most part are very
ingenious, have been employed for the purpose of preventing tenuous dust from
being carried into the respiratory organs; these respirators or masks are suited
for some industries as a protection against non-poisonous dust, as in silex mills
or iron polishing shops for example, but they are ineffectual in enamelling
works 1st. Because they impede the respiration of the workmen who are already
half suffocated owing to the heat of the ovens and of the articles which they
introduce into them, and 2ndly. Owing to the fact that poisoning takes place
not only by means of the respiratory organs, but also, and more especially,
through the pores of the skin. I say more especially because dust introduced
by way of the respiratory organs may be fairly easily eliminated by the daily
absorption of neutralisers such as milk, honey, sulphur iodide or potassium and
the like, whilst dust which has penetrated the pores defies expulsion.
The problem thus consists in preventing this dust from spreading in the
surrounding air during the whole of the enamelling operations.
My method of mechanical enamelling without any liberation of dust supplies
the solution, and this method which forms the subject of this invention I will
now describe.
The apparatus which I employ consists essentially:
1. Of an enamelling cage capable of being hermetically closed during the
spraying operation.
2. Of a rotating support arranged within this cage and intended for the recep-

page_text: tion of the parts to be enamelled; this support is operated by means of external
parts combined in such a manner that the parts or objects to be enamelled, being
retained upon the support by the force of an electro magnet, are presented
beneath the sieve in any position and at any angle.
3. Of a distributing sieve actuated from without and arranged at a suitable
height above the rotating support.
The enamelling cage consists of two parts separated one from the other by
the rotating support.
The upper portion is provided upon one of its upper faces with a sliding door
balanced by a counter-weight; the joints of this door are planed and rendered
tight by means of covering pieces which are likewise planed. It will of course
be understood, however, that any form of hermetically closing door will fulfil
the same purpose. It is by way of this opening that the objects to be enamelled
are introduced upon leaving the oven being placed upon a rotating support
hereinafter described. The three other vertical faces are glazed or provided with
apertures covered with panes of mica enabling the whole of the enamelling
operations to be followed from the outside. At the upper portion of the cage
is provided a hopper closed by means of an hermetically fitting cover, and it is
arranged immediately above the distributing sieve into which it fits exactly.
It is by means of this hopper that the enamel is supplied and distributed as
hereinafter described.
The lower portion of the cage consists of an hermetically closed box of metal
or other suitable material into which falls the enamel not retained upon the
object to be enamelled. Inclined planes forming a hopper collect all this enamel
in a lower drawer whence it may be removed and again placed in the hopper.
According to the nature of the installation adopted, an arrangement may be
devised enabling this latter operation to be effected automatically by means of
an endless sheet conveyor and of a bucket elevator or in any other suitable
manner. A blast chimney arranged in continuation of a box containing baffle
plates and communicating with the lower portion of the cage, produced in this
latter a reduction of pressure sufficient to carry off all the enamel and to oppose
any tendency to a leakage of a poisonous nature when the door is opened. Two
conduits leading from the outside or from any point within the workshop and
terminating within the cage ensure a renewal of the air sufficient to cause the
enamel dust to fall in proportion to the extent of spraying which is taking place.
The oscillating and rotating support consists of a circular plate formed of
crossed bars enabling the objects to be enamelled to be readily deposited upon and
removed from it by means of a fork. This plate rests, by means of a central
pivot, in a socket fixed to a beam, the journals of which pass through the
enamelling cage. The assemblage formed by the beam, the rotating plate and
the object to be enamelled is balanced by a counterweight to which may be
added an additional weight when any very large object is being enamelled.
one of its extremities the beam is terminated by an excentric dise to which is
fixed a lever jointed to a pedal by acting upon which the plate may be given
any desired degree of inclination.
At
The beam is provided with two electro-magnets through which passes a current
which is produced only when the plate commences to incline (an interruptor of
any suitable kind acted upon by the beam or by the pedal fulfilling this purpose).
The excitation thus produced maintains the object to be enamelled against the
plate, but it is no longer attracted when the operation is terminated as the plate
is caused to resume a horizontal position.
Through one of the journals and the eccentric disc passes a shaft terminating
externally in a handle and internally in a pinion provided with pins gearing
with a toothed crown which is fixed to the plate or formed with it. By acting
upon the handle there may thus be communicated to the plate a movement of
rotation around its axis, and this whatever may be the position which it has been
caused to assume by acting upon the pedal.

page_text: It is thus apparent that the arrangement of the oscillating and rotating sup-
port enables all the parts of the object to be enamelled to be presented succes-
sively beneath the distributing sieve, and at the most suitable angle.
The distributing sieve consists of a circular brush driven by means of an axis.
terminating outside the cage in a handle; this brush rotates in a double box
the internal portion of which is formed by a metallic gauze of suitable number
which is maintained constantly applied against the brush by means of an arrange-
ment of counterweights which is fixed upon the external casing. The enamel
which is in the box is caused to rotate by the brush and sprayed through the
metallic gauze; it falls in the form of a fine and uniform spray upon the object
to be enamelled which is fixed upon the rotating support.
يمم
1
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Process for Mechanically Enamelling Metal.
I, ALBERT DORMOY, Director of Forges et Fonderies of Sougland, at Sougland,
in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The enamelling of cast metal with enamels having as base pulverised lead
which is sprayed upon parts previously raised to a red heat is the method most
usually adopted owing to the facility of its application and the excellent results
which it affords.
This process, however, presents the very grave defect of poisoning the work-
people employed in carrying it out; doctors in the neighbourhood of enamelling
shops report strongly upon the terrible ravages caused by the present method of
spraying, the least that can be said of it is that it is inhumane.
It is in vain that recently respirators, which for the most part are very
ingenious, have been employed for the purpose of preventing tenuous dust from
being carried into the respiratory organs; these respirators or masks are suited
for some industries as a protection against non-poisonous dust, as in silex mills
or iron polishing shops for example, but they are ineffectual in enamelling
works 1st. Because they impede the respiration of the workmen who are already
half suffocated owing to the heat of the ovens and of the articles which they
introduce into them, and 2ndly. Owing to the fact that poisoning takes place
not only by means of the respiratory organs, but also, and more especially,
through the pores of the skin. I say more especially because dust introduced
by way of the respiratory organs may be fairly easily eliminated by the daily
absorption of neutralisers such as milk, honey, sulphur iodide of potassium and
the like, whilst dust which has penetrated the pores defies expulsion.
The problem thus consists in preventing this dust from spreading in the
surrounding air during the whole of the enamelling operations.
My method of mechanical enamelling without any liberation of dust supplies
the solution and this method which forms the subject of this invention, I will
now describe.
The apparatus which I employ consists essentially:

page_text: 1. Of an enamelling cage capable of being hermetically closed during the
spraying operation.
2. Of a rotating support arranged within this cage and intended for the recep-
tion of the parts to be enamelled; this support is operated by means of external
parts combined in such a manner that the parts or objects to be enamelled, being
retained upon the support by the force of an electro-magnet, are presented
beneath the sieve in any position and at any angle.
3. Of a distributing sieve actuated from without and arranged at a suitable
height above the rotating support.
My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the enamelling cage.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the oscillating and rotating support, and
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the distributing sieve.
The enamelling cage represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying draw-
ing consists of two parts separated one from the other by the rotating support.
The upper portion is provided upon one of its upper faces with a sliding door L
balanced by a counter weight; the joints of this door are planed and rendered
tight by means of covering pieces which are likewise planed. It will of course
be understood, however, that any form of hermetically closing door will fulfil the
same purpose. It is by way of this opening that the objects to be enamelled are
introduced upon leaving the o
oven being placed upon the rotating support P
hereinafter described. The three other vertical faces are glazed or provided with
apertures covered with panes of mica enabling the whole of the enamelling
operations to be followed from the outside. At the upper portion of the cage
is provided a hopper closed by means of an hermetically fitting cover, and it is
arranged immediately above the distributing sieve A into which it fits exactly.
It is by means of this hopper that the enamel is supplied and distributed as
hereinafter described.
The lower portion of the cage consists of an hermetically closed box of metal
or other suitable material into which falls the enamel not retained upon the
object to be enamelled. Inclined planes a a forming a hopper (see Figure 2)
collect all this enamel in a lower drawer whence it may be removed and again placed
in the hopper., According to the nature of the installation adopted, an arrangement
may be devised enabling this latter operation to be effected automatically by
means of an endless sheet conveyor and of a bucket elevator or in any other
suitable manner. A blast chimney I arranged in continuation of a box H con-
taining baffle plates and communicating with the lower portion of the cage,
produces in this latter a reduction of pressure sufficient to carry off all the enamel
and to oppose any tendency to a leakage of a poisonous nature when the door L
is opened. Two conduits leading from the outside or from any point within the
workshop and terminating within the cage ensure a renewal of the air sufficient
to cause the enamel dust to fall in proportion to the extent of spraying which is
taking place.
The oscillating and rotating support (Figures and 4) consists of a circular
plate P formed of crossed bars enabling the objects to be enamelled to be readily
deposited upon and removed from it by means of a fork. This plate rests, by
means of a central pivot p in a socket fixed to the beam B, the journals T and T
of which pass through the enamelling cage. The assemblage formed by the
beam B, the rotating plate P and the object to be enamelled is balanced by a
counterweight Z Figures 1 and 2 to which may be added an additional weight
when any very large object is being enamelled. At one of its extremities the
beam is terminated by a disc E to which is fixed a lever K jointed to a pedal R
by acting upon which the plate P may be given any desired degree of inclination.
The beam is provided at X X with two electromagnets through which passes
a current which is produced only when the plate commences to incline (an
interruptor of any suitable kind acted upon by the beam or by the pedal ful-

page_text: filling this purpose). The excitation thus produced maintains the object to be
enamelled against the plate, but it is no longer attracted when the operation is
terminated as the plate is caused to resume a horizontal position.
Through the journal T and the disc E passes a shaft a terminating externally
in a handle M and internally in a pinion O provided with pins gearing with a
toothed crown 1) which is fixed to the plate P or formed with it. By acting
upon the handle M there may thus be communicated to the plate P a movement
of rotation around its axis, and this whatever may be the position which it has
been caused to assume by acting upon the pedal.
It is thus apparent that the arrangement of the oscillating and rotating sup-
port enables all the parts of the object to be enamelled to be presented succes-
sively beneath the distributing sieve, and at the most suitable angle.
gauze
The distributing sieve (Figures 5 and 6) consists of a circular brush A driven
by means of an axis terminating outside the cage in a handle N Figure 1; this
brush rotates in a double box the internal portion of which is formed by a
metallic
of suitable number which is maintained constantly applied
against the brush by means of an arrangement of counterweights D which are
fixed upon the external casing. The enamel which is in the box is caused to
rotate by the brush and sprayed through the metallic gauze; it falls in the
form of a fine and uniform spray, upon the object to be enamelled which is fixed
upon the rotating support.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
The cage for enamelling without the liberation of dust or spray above described
both as a whole and in its details, that is to say:
1. An hermetically closed cage having partially transparent walls and within
which exists a reduced pressure rendering it impossible for any external libera-
tion of poisonous dust or spray to take place, in which cage the enamelling
operation takes place.
2. The oscillating and rotating plate actuated from the outside of the cage and
retaining upon its surface owing to magnetic force, the object to be enamelled,
such magnetic attraction emanating either from two electro-magnetic coils as
above described, from any desired number of coils connected by means of a pole
piece forming a crown beneath the plate, or being produced in any other suitable
manner.
3. The distributing sieve above described.