Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd June, 1893-Accented. 2nd Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles.
I, CHARLES HIDE of No. 2 Highton Terrace St. Elizabeth Road Worthing in:
the County of Sussex Architect & Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
A new and improved pneumatic tyre for cycles, unequalled for resiliency
flexibility, ease & comfort in riding, duribility has an improved appearance is
perfectly puncture & rupture proof has large air space can be fixed or removed
from machine with great facility is easily repaired in case of accident can be
adapted to fit all rims suited for pneumatic tyres both for racers and roadsters.
In order to explain my invention I have prepared a drawing which is now
forwarded with this Specification and consists of 3 figures.
Fig. 1 shews a transverse section of tyre fixed in the steel rim.
Fig. 2 shews a longitudinal section of a portion of the tyre with parts removed
so as to shew the construction and fitting together of the thin steel armour plating
which lines the bottom of the outside casing of tyre.
Fig. No. 3 shews longitudinal section of portion of tyre in its complete.
condition.
In a comparison of the merits of solid with hollow tyres. The latter are
acknowledged to be vastly superior to the former, nevertheless they have great
drawbacks which arise chiefly from vulnerability of tissue thus causing a complete
colapse of the air tube. To overcome this defect I have been led to design my
pneumatic tyre for cycles."
In making my choice of the material from which to make the outside casing
of my tyre I want one that is pliable which shall possess considerable power
of wear and tear in use, if possible, greater than india rubber, now in use; also
whose strength to resist perforation would be greater. All this I find in the material
I have chosen viz. best oil dressed ox hide.
The next consideration is to prevent the puncturing of the internal air tube:
even though the outer casing may have been pierced by contact with any thing
during transit now to meet this need I must adopt some artiface which must possess
the following qualifications, invulnerability, elasticity, lightness, & cheapness, all
these are secured in the device I have chosen which is, to construct out of very
thin sheet steel an armour lining which consists of narrow strips of sheet steel as
shewn on drawing and marked thereon by the letter C see Figs. 1 & 2. These will
be placed side by side and fixed securely to a leather strap on the inside after
which it is laid in the inner part of the outer casing. The sharp ends of each of
the armour plates are bent over so as to prevent any rupturing of the lining
within this is placed a strip of best india rubber sheeting thick in the centre
of which is a layer of brass wire gauze which is shewn in the drawing and,
marked by the letter E the whole of these are made to enclose a best india
rubber air tube fitted with proper air valve for extending the same when fixed in
the steel rim of cycle wheel.
The process of fixing the pneumatic tyre to steel rim is as follows
Having procured a suitable tyre rim simular to one shewn in section to that
shewn on drawing see Fig. 1 and marked by the letter A (or any other appropriate
section).
I then take a leather band of best oil dressed ox hide which has been previously
prepared to fit same. Then take the strip of leather to which has been fitted &
ixed the steel armour plating place it in position shewn on drawing see Fig. 1
ver which place the layer of india rubber sheeting with brass wire gauze in it
:

page_text: leaving the ends open as shewn on drawing. Then take a best india rubber air
tube place it in position in the centre of same carefully draw the sides together
after having fitted the valve apparatus for inflating the air vessel or tube. The
heading joints will be stitched together and the closing joint can either be
stiched together or laced as desired. This having been done the work is put
in the steel rim with the seam upwards. The tyre can be fixed to the rim by
means of small bolts & nuts or by laces or by stiching to same in the usual way.
This being done and the air valve seen that it works properly the air vessel or
tube is inflated with air pressed in by means of an air pump and all is complete
and ready for use.
For further explanation of the drawings I give description of what is intended
leaving the ends open as shewn on drawing. Then take a best india rubber air
tube place it in position in the centre of same carefully draw the sides together
after having fitted the valve apparatus for inflating the air vessel or tube. The
heading joints will be stitched together and the closing joint can either be
stiched together or laced as desired. This having been done the work is put
in the steel rim with the seam upwards. The tyre can be fixed to the rim by
means of small bolts & nuts or by laces or by stiching to same in the usual way.
This being done and the air valve seen that it works properly the air vessel or
tube is inflated with air pressed in by means of an air pump and all is complete
and ready for use.
For further explanation of the drawings I give description of what is intended
by the letters marked thereon.
.
A shews the steel rim of wheel.
B
C
"
"
D
"
E
FOHL
دو
the outer casing of tyre made of oil dressed ox hide.
the steel armour plating.
the strip of leather binding together the armour plating.
the india rubber lining of tyre strengthened with brass wire gauze in
middle.
the india rubber air tube in centre.
the air space in the tyre.
"
G
"
Н
"
the spoke tightener.
I
"
the bolt & nuts fixing the tyre to the steel rim.
By this combination I claim to be in possession of an invention for making an
improved pneumatic tyre for cycles.
Dated this 26th day of September 1892.
CHARLES HIDE,
2, Highton Terrace, Worthing, Sussex, Applicant.
C
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles.
I CHARLES HIDE of 2 Highton Terrace St. Elizabeth Road Worthing in the
County of Sussex Architect and Surveyor do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in and connected with pneumatic
tyres to wheels for cycles and other vehicles.
These will be found to possess great superiority to others at present in use on
account of increased ease and comfort in riding; they have an improved appearance
and are both puncture & rupture proof. And if not actually so the possibility
of such damage.to the air tube is almost reduced to nil because of the effective-
ness of such protection thus afforded even in case of accident by perforation they
can be easily repaired.
They can be attached or detached to or from the rim with great ease &
dispatch.
They have ample air space thus giving them great flexibility & resiliency.
They also compare very favourably with others in respect to duribility & cost.
In order to more fully explain my invention I have prepared a drawing
which gives several sections shewing the mode of application to different kinds
of rims.
It will be seen on reference to the drawing that the rims to Figs 1. 2. 3. & 4 are
similar to each other and that the tyre is attached to the rim by means of a lace
looped round hook attachments fixed in both and that the others viz. Figs. No. 5. 6. 7.
are of the class known as wired to rim.
I will now proceed to describe the several parts as shewn on the drawing.

page_text: hews seven sections or figures thus exhibiting alternative ways, of
invention.
rts in each figure are indicated by letters thus A. B. C &c.
A B C &c. refer to figures descriptive of the laced tyrė series.
A B C² refer to the figures descriptive of the wired tyre series.
without any superfix (thus A' or A²) belong in common to either
steel rim to laced tyre series see Figs. 1. 2. 3 & 4.
do. do. to wired do. see Figs. 5. 6. 7.
leather outside covering to laced tyres Figs. 1. 2. 3 & 4.
do. wired do. Figs. 5. 6. 7.
do. do.
central air space of pneumatic tyre.
eyeletted attachments to rim see Figs. 1. 2. 3. & 4.
do.
do. to outside cover of tyre Figs. 1 2 3 & 4.
steel wire bands attached to the outside leather cover of tyre
(series No. 2) see Figs. 5. 6. 7.
layer of armour plating secured to leather band marked H after-
ward described see Figs. 1. 3. 7.
do.
do.
described.
do. do.
do.
do.
secured as above see Figs. 2-6 afterward
secured to leather band marked H see
Figs. 4 & 5 afterwards described.
leather band placed at back of the armour plating and to which it
it is fixed.
small piece of leather fixed to the underside of rim marked A³ Fig. 5
to prevent the air tube marked N from being ruptured by being
pressed against any roughnesses either of rim or rivet heads of
spokes.
a narrow strip of thin soft leather canvas or other soft pliable
material to prevent rupture of air tube by back sides of rivets.
a strip of felt or other light material or cork filling so as to make a
good bedding for the armour sheeting see Figs. Nos. 4 & 5.
a strap of india rubber sheeting enclosing layer of canvas so as to
envelope the inner air tube.
best india rubber air tube fitted with best improved air valve
apparatus complete.

page_text: The size of the wheel being ascertained the butt joint will be made in the usual
way of closing up.
The sides of same will be folded over one another as shewn on drawing see
Figs. 1. 2. 3. & 4 in case of a laced tyre and fastened together by laces as certain
points on the inferior circumference and between these parts the same made as flaps,
so that when the tyre is not fixed in the rim they can be opened so as to allow the
internal work to be inserted or removed or inspected if required.
With respect to the wired ones they will be looped over the wires in places and
sewn over so as to secure them in their places when placed within the rim.

page_text: This likewise is constructed in a similar way as described in Series No. 3. The
armour plating is of thin sheet steel and is formed of strips the length as shewn
and marked by the letter G2 on drawings & about 1 in. wide the ends of each
leaf are rolled over these are laid side by side on a leather band and secured
to same as above described.
Each of these when completed are laid in position in the middle of the outside
covering of tyre and tacked to same at intervals so as to prevent it from shifting.
Prior to the insertion of those as shewn on Figs. 4 & 5 the felt cork or rubber
filling marked K must be fixed.
In Figs. Nos. 4 & 5 I have inserted a thin piece of soft leather between the
leather backing of the armour plating and against the inner surface of the outside
lining to prevent any chafing of the same with the india rubber air tube.
The remaining ones viz. Nos. 1. 2. 3. 6. 7. have each a layer or wrapper of thin
india rubber enclosing a layer or so of canvas to prevent chafing of armour plating
with the rubber air tube. Each description is supplied with a best pure rubber air
tube with air valve complete marked M on the drawings.
Having prepared all the several parts required for the construction of either or
both of the before mentioned kinds of tyre they can each be put together in the
way shewn on the drawings.
Then to tyres as Fige. Nos. 4 & 5 the part marked K should be put in the middle
inside and secured in position. Then take the armour plating properly secured to
its leather backing and place it in position also securing it to the outside leather
tyre. Next insert within the same the india rubber wrapping marked L or the
thin layer of softening marked J within which place the india rubber air tube fitted
with its air valve, then to the "laced tyres" let the wrapper and sides of outside
leather cover be properly folded over lacing them together in the parts prepared
for that purpose.
The same thing is to be done to the "wired tyres" as last above mentioned but
in this case there is no lacing of parts together required.
Then put both kinds thus far prepared in their respective rims adjust the air
valve in position.
The laced tyre being placed in position is now attached to rim by means of the
laces looped round the hook attachments marked D¹ & E'.
Both kinds now are ready for inflation. To do this attach the air pump to the
air valve and distend the air tube to the extent as may be required the work is now
complete and ready for use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. An improved means for the encasement of; and method of protection from
accident of the air tube used for the inflation of a pneumatic tyre applicable to
wheels of cycles and other vehicles and also for an improved expeditious method of
attaching same to rims of such wheels that are of a suitable pattern or kind. An
outside leather cover or case of two kinds viz. either one with hook attachments
'
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page_text: made to same so as to enable it to be fastened by means of a lace, to hook
attachments fixed in rim of wheel.
Or outside leather cover or case to which is attached (one on either side) a wire
band or hoop of such diameter (as regards the rim used) so that when it is placed
in position within the rim and the air tube within inflated, the sides of the said
cover are held firmly against the rim by the pressure operating from within, in
combination with a sheathing or armour protection made of leaves or small sheets
of horn or thin steel attached to a leather band as also from such further protection
derived from the india rubber, thin leather or felt internal wrappering which is
provided for this purpose as the case may be substantially as described.
2nd. The combination of outside leather casing with hook attachments fixed to
same so as to be laced to simular hook attachments fixed in rim as shewn on Figs. No. 1.
The armour plating made of small sheets of horn or thin steel fastened to a leather
strap and an india rubber air tube for inflating the same as shewn on Fig. 1 of the
accompanying drawing and operating as and for the purpose specified.
3rd. The combination of the outside leather casing similar to the last above
mentioned (see Claim No. 2). The armour plating made of small leaves or strips
of thin sheet steel of the discription shewn on Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings
fixed on its leather backing, the india rubber inside wrappering and air tube for
inflating the same as shewn qn Fig. No. 2 of the accompanying drawing and
operating as and for the purpose specified.
4th. The combination of the outside leather casing similar to that mentioned in
Claim No. 2 above. The armour plating made of small sheets of horn or thin
sheet steel fixed on leather straps. The india rubber inside wrappering and the
india rubber air tube as shewn on Fig. No. of the accompanying drawing for
inflating the same operating as & for the purpose specified.
5th. The combination of the outside leather casing similar to that mentioned in
Claim No. 2 above. The armour plating made of sheets of thin horn or steel fixed
on leather strap. The foundation strip or packing of felt or cork as shewn and
marked by the letter K see Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawing. The thin layer
of soft leather or india rubber wrappering and the india rubber air tube for
inflating as shewn see Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawing and operating as and
for the purpose specified.
6th. The combination of outside leather casing the edges of the same overlapping
and attached to wire bands or hoops (one on either side) of a suitable diameter to
the rim used so that when it is placed in position within the rim and the air tube
within inflated the sides of the said cover are held firmly against the rim by the
pressure operating from within and in all other respects similar to the discription
given in Claim No. 5 of the accompanying drawing and operating as and for the
purpose specified.
7th. The combination of an outside leather casing of precisely the same construc-
tion and character as that described in Claim No. 6 above with remaining parts in
all other respects exactly similar to those as described in Claim No. 3 above and
shewn on Fig. No. 6 of the accompanying drawing operating as and for the purpose
specified.
8th. The combination of an outside leather casing precisely the same in construc-
tion and character as that described in Claim No. 6 above with the remaining parts
in all other respects exactly similar to those as described in Claim No. 4 above and
shewn on Fig. No. 7 of the accompanying drawing operating as and for the purpose
specified.
DJ
LT1000
CHARLES HIDE,
2, Highton Terrace, St. Elizabeth Road, Worthing, Applicant.