IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAME SAWS.
Year: 1876

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LETTERS PATENT to Edward Newton, of 16, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FRAME SAWS.
Sealed the 17th November 1876, and dated the 19th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1876.
EDWARD NEWTON, of 16, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAME SAWS."
This Invention relates to improvements in frame saws.
Or
According to my Invention, I use a light rigid frame, either angular or curved,
and strain or tighten up the saw blade by a direct screw action, as herein-after
explained, applied in the direct line of the length of the saw blade, which is
strained between two handles inserted in the opposite extremities of the frame.
The frame should be as light as possible and yet quite rigid or nearly so.
This I construct in various ways. One method is to have the two sides joined by
a stretcher and strut at the opposite ends to that of the saw, the stretcher being
attached outside, and the saw strained over the strut, which is placed as near the
stretcher as possible, the one serving to lock in the other. The stretcher may bo
of wire with a nut or burred head at each end, and the strut of shaped wood.
the stretcher and strut may be formed in combination. When a stretcher and strut
or the two combined in one piece are thus used the sides may be formed of any
suitable material, but I prefer to turn them out of suitable wood, thus giving the
shape to the sides entirely in the lathe, except what may afterwards be shaped for
bearings. If one piece of bent wood bo used for the frame I prefer to let in or add
to the top part a thin plate or bar of steel or other material, thus adding greatly
to the rigidity of the frame with but a very slight addition to the weight. I find
in practice a tubular metal frame both light and strong, and this may be formed either
of ordinary sheet metal or metal tubing, or by stamping out two half tubes longi-
tudinally without or with a flange on one or both sides, and uniting them by riveting,
soldering, or by other suitable means, or very light T or Liron may be used to form
the frames. The two extremities of the frame are adapted to receive each a handle,
Price Gd]

page_text: between which handles the saw blade is stretched. The bearings for the handles
may be formed in various ways. If the sides of the frame are of wood, a circular
hole may be bored through each in the direction of the saw to receive the handles
which should be turned to a tight fit so as to well support the weight of the frame
from turning when the saw is in use. Or a band formed of sheet metal may be
attached to the end of each side to receive and clasp the handle. Or instead, two
blade springs may be attached, one on either side of each handle to clasp and hold
the handles between them, the springs being formed to fit round the handle. If
the frame is made of stamped metal as described, the proper form to receive and
grasp the handles may be imparted to the extremities in the process of stamping or
otherwise forming.
The two handles between which the eaw blade is stretched are made different to
one another, one being intended merely to hold the saw whilst the other is con-
structed to stretch or strain the saw blade for work. The former is very simple; in
form it is similar to handles usually employed for bow saws, but the part to form the
bearing in the frame is turned of larger diameter than usual for the purpose of
getting a greater surface to be gripped in the bearing in the frame. A hole is
bored through lengthwise, and through this a piece of ordinary round or square
bar metal is driven from the back so as to project for a short distance through at the
front. If round iron is used an angular head is burred on the back end so as to
prevent it from turning round in the handle. The part that projects through has
a saw cut in it, and a pin is also fixed through at right angles to the cut. This
pin is to hold the end of the saw blade, in which a notch is formed to drop over
the pin, and in order that the saw may not be slipped off when stretched the notch
is formed in a slanting or angular direction, or the end of the saw is bevelled off
and takes under a corresponding bevel in the end of the saw cut in the handle.
The handle used to tighten up the saw is similar in outward formation to the one
already described, and has likewise a piece of metal rod passing through it which,
however, has a screw thread cut on it that when the saw blade is attached to its
inner end it may be drawn through the handle and thus tighten or slacken the saw
as desired, the handle being in two pieces and the back or outer part being provided
interiorly with a nut for that purpose. The metal bar is either round or square,
and is prevented from turning round in the handle by a cap on the inner face of
the handle having a square opening in the centre when the bar is square, and a
projection corresponding with a like recess cut in the bar when it is round. The
saw is attached at this end by a notch dropping on to a pin through a saw cut as
with the other handle, and in the process of stretching the saw is drawn within the
handle and so prevented from being slipped off the pin. To increase the hold of
the handles in their bearings in the frame an india-rubber ring may be fixed in a
groove formned around the bearing part of the handle, or other spring arrangement
may be employed. The handles are prevented from passing too far through the
frame by a shoulder made to bear against the side of the frame, and the required
flexibility of the saw is provided for by a washer of india-rubber or other spring
action between the said shoulder and frame side of one or both handles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the 4
said Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th November
1876.
EDWARD NEWTON, of 10, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAME SAWS."
This Invention relates to improvements in frame saws, and in order that the 5
same may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to
describe it with the aid of the accompanying Drawings, reference being had to the

page_text: like or corresponding parts.
For the purposes of my Invention I use a light frame, rigid, or as nearly so as
possible, of either angular or curved form, and strain or tighten up the saw blade
by a direct screw action (as herein-after explained) applied in the direct line of the
length of the saw blade, which is strained between two handles inserted in the
opposite ends of the frame. The frame I construct in various ways.
One method (illustrated in elevation and section at Fig. 1 of the accompanying
Drawings) is to have two sides A, A, joined by a stretcher B and strut C, the
stretcher being attached at the outside and the saw strained over the strut, the
distance between the stretcher and strut being about a sixth of the length of the
sides A. The strut and stretcher thus serve to lock in each other. The stretcher
may be of wire with a nut or burrod head at each end, and the strut of shaped
wood. The sides A, A, are cut out of sound wood, and the shape when rounded
imparted to it by turning. Or other suitable material may be used for the sides.
Instead of the above form the stretcher and strut may be formed in combination as
shewn in elevation and section at Fig. 2. In this form the sides A are kept apart
by the strut C, and a cap D is then placed over each end embracing the sides A
and connected to both the strut and the sides, as shewn, thus forming a stretcher
and strut in combination.
Sometimes I form the frame of one piece of bent wood (see Fig. 3) and insert in
the under side of the bow a thin piece of steel R. or other metal, thus adding greatly
to the rigidity of the frame with but a slight addition to its weight.
Also I find in practice a tubular metal frame both light and strong, and this may
be formed either of ordinary metal tubing or by stamping out two half tubes longi-
tudinally without or with a flange on one or both sides, and uniting the two halves
by rivetting, soldering, or by other suitable means. Or very light L or T iron may
be used to form the frame. Fig. 4 illustrates a form of frame so constructed of
Tiron bent at right angles, the necessary cut being formed in the web for that
purpose, and the corners stiffened by gussets of plate metal riveted to the web of
the T iron.
Or a
The two extremitics of the frame are adapted to receive each a handle E, E¹,
between which handles the saw blade F is stretched. The bearings for the handles
may be formed in various ways. If the sides of the frame are formed of wood a
circular hole is bored through each in the direction of the saw to receive the handles
(see Fig. 1), which should be turned to a tight fit so as to well support and prevent
the weight of the frame causing it to turn thereon when the saw is in use.
band G formed of sheet metal may be attached to the end of each side to receive
and clasp the handle. This form is shewn at Fig. 2, and enlarged at Fig. 5, in side
and front view. Or instead of the band G two springs H (see Figs. 3 and 6) may
be attached one on either side of each end of the frame to clasp and hold the handles
between them, the springs being formed, as shewn, to fit round the handle.
If the frame is made of stamped metal as described the proper form to receive
and grasp the handles may be imparted to the extremities in the process of stamp-
ing or otherwise forming. The two handles between which the saw blade is
stretched are made different to one another, one being intended merely, to hold the
saw whilst the other is constructed to stretch or strain the saw blade for work.
The former is very simple, and is illustrated at Fig. 7 in side and front view.
The part thereof e to turn in the bearing in the frame is turned of as largo
diameter as possible for the purpose of getting a large surface to be gripped in the
said bearing. A holo is bored through lengthwise (as shewn by dotted lines), and
through this a piece of ordinary round or square bar iron I is driven from the
back so as to project for a short distance through at the front. If round iron be
used an angular head is burred on the back end so as to prevent it from turning
round in the hole. The part that projects through has a saw cut through it and
a pin J is fixed through so as to cross the cut at right angles. This pin J is to
hold the end of the saw blade F, in which a notch is formed to drop over the pin

page_text: and in order that the saw may not be'slipped off when stretched, the notch is formed
in a slanting or angular direction, or the end of the saw is bevilled off and takes
under a corresponding bevil in the end of the saw cut in the handle, as shewn.
The handle used to tighten up the saw is illustrated at Fig. S in section and end
view, and at Fig. 9, which is a face view of the back part of the handle detached.
This handle is similar in outward formation to the one described, and has likewise
a piece of iron rod L passing through it, which, however, has a screw thread cut on
it that when the saw blade is attached to its inner end the rod may be drawn
through the handle and thus tighten or slacken the saw as desired, the handle being
in two pieces, and the back or outer part being provided interiorly with a nut M
for that purpose.
The metal bar L is either round or square, and is prevented from
turning round in the handle by a cap N on the inner face of the handle, having
a square opening in the centre when the bar is square, and a projection correspond-
ing with a like recess cut in the bar when it is round. The saw is attached at this
end by a notch dropping on to a pin at right angles to a saw cut as with the other
handle, and in the process of stretching the saw is drawn within the handle and so
prevented from slipping off the pin. To increase the hold of the handles in their
bearings in the frame an india-rubber ring O may be fixed in a groove formed
around the bearing part of the handle, or other spring arrangement may be
employed. The handles are prevented from passing too far through the frame by
a shoulder made to bear against the side of the frame, and the required flexibility
of the saw is provided for by a washer of india-rubber P or other spring action
between the said shoulder and frame side of one or both handles.
Figs. 10 to 12 illustrato a modification of handle. In this case the part that
turns in the side of the frame is not turned wood, but is in one case the metal rod
I, and in the other case a tube Q surrounding the metal rod L, through which
tube the rod passes and is prevented from turning round by a small projection of
the tube taking into the groove in the rod, as shewn. Figs. 10 are side and face
views. Fig. 11 a longitudinal section and face view, and Fig. 12 a view at c d,
Fig. 11. Where this form of handle is used the ends of the frame are made to
grip the same by making a saw cut therein, as shown at Fig. 13, and so
imparting a spring action to the grip.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to or may be performed, I claim
as my Invention to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
the improvements in frame saws, substantially as herein-before set forth and
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Newton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
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