IMPROVEMENTS IN. APPLYING HEAT TO BAKERS' OVENS AND THEIR APPENDAGES
Year: 1850

page_text: of Ashford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twelfth day of November, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Ball, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John Ball, my exors, adfiiors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said John Ball, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN. APPLYING HEAT TO BAKERS' OVENS AND THEIR
APPENDAGES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said John Ball, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Ball, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is, to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in a new arrangement of the flues of bakers' ovens,
whereby a greater amount of available heat for heating the oven may be
obtained from a given quantity of fuel than heretofore, and after being so
applied it may be further profitably employed before escaping to the chimney.
The improved arrangement of flues does not relate to any one particular
shape or form of oven, but whatever the shape (among the ordinary variety)
any baker may require. I cause my fire (emanating from a furnace placed
in much the usual position) to enter the oven at about nine inches above
the floor, instead of, as now, on a level with the floor of the oven, and then
(instead of, as heretofore, suffering the flame and heated gases to pass off
directly to the chimney nearer the upper part of the oven.) I cause the heat,
after circulating within the oven; to pass out through two or more flues, made
at the back, and on a level with the floor of the oven. These flues, should-be
only about three inches high, but as wide as may be necessary to give the fire
sufficient draught. From these flues the flame and heated gases are made to
descend and pass underneath the floor of the oven towards the front end
thereof, where they are made again to descend into another flue, which con-
ducts them away to act upon a "proving oven," (a well-known appendage to
bakers' ovens ;) or the heat thus passed off from the oven may be applied to
the heating of water, or for other like uses, previously to the final escape
of the smoke and heated gases up the chimney. The floor of my improved
oven I construct of large flat tiles, or any other suitable materials, and I
sustain this floor by means of iron or other convenient supporters, so as to
form a heating chamber underneath, the whole width of the oven, and about
six inches high, through which the smoke and heated gases pass in returning
to the front of the oven, to be carried off and applied as before stated. In the
accompanying Drawing, forming part of this my Specification, I have shewn
my Invention as applied to an ordinary form of bakers' oven.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the oyen with the furnace attached to the side
thereof; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan, taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3.is a
cross section, taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal
section, taken in the line 5, 6, of Fig. 2. a, a, is the floor; and b, b, the
crown of the oven; c is the oven door; d is the furnace, which may be applied
to either side of the oven, and it is connected therewith, by a flue e. The flame
in passing from the furnace is guided into the oven by a screen of brickwork

page_text: ff, which, together with the flue e, being raised above the floor, causes the
flame to traverse across the oven, and play round the walls and heat the crown
thereof. The heated gases generated in the furnace then pass down the
flues g, g, made in the back wall of the oven, into the chamber h, h, below the
floor a, a, and, after traversing along this chamber and heating the floor, they
enter the flue i, i, at the front part of the oven, and may thence be conducted
off to act upon a proving oven, as before stated, or to heat water prior to
escaping into the chimney. k, k, are doors for cleaning out the chamber h, h.
The furnace is provided with sliding fire doors l, and with similar doors m, for
the ash-pit.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that, under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, I claim, the so arranging the flues of bakers' ovens that the
flame and heated gases generated in the furnace will be caused to play upon
the crown and sides of the oven, and then pass under the floor thereof to heat
the same, and after having heated the oven will be available for heating a
proving oven, or any other appendage to the bakehouse requiring the applica-
tion of heat.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ball, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand