IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PILED FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Shiers (the younger) and James Tetlow, both of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING PILED FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Shiers (the younger)
and James Tetlow at the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
September 1880.
RICHARD SHIERS (the younger), and JAMES TETLOW, both of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PILED FABRICS."
Our Invention is designed principally for weaving a plush with a fast and erect
pile, but the same principle may also be adapted to weaving other piled fabrics.
The Invention consists principally in arranging the draught in such a way that
the pile is cut at every fourth thread only (instead of at every second thread, as
heretofore), so that one half of the cutting is saved, and thus time and labor are
greatly economized, at the same time that the pile is fast and stands. more erect
than that of plushes as ordinarily woven.
In weaving a deep plush with the pile floating over seventeen ends, for example,
we weave with twenty ends and twelve picks to the round.
The first pick is a binder pick passing under one, over one, under one, over one,
and so on. The seventh pick is also a binder pick passing over one, under one,
over one, under one, and so on alternately. There are thus five face or pile picks
between every two binders or back picks.
The second pick passes over one, then binds under one, over one, under one, and
floats over sixteen.
The third pick floats over five, then binds under one, over one, under one, and
floats over twelve.
The fourth pick floats over nine, then binds under one, over one, under one, and
floats over eight.
The fifth pick floats over thirteen, then binds under one, over one, under one,
and floats over four.
The sixth pick floats over seventeen, and then binds under one, over one, under
one.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Alfred Shiers, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Executor of the late Richard Shiers (the younger), of the samo Place, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st March 1881.
GEORGE ALFRED SHIERS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Executor of
the late Richard Shiers, the younger, of the samo Place. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING PILED FABRICS."
The Invention is designed principally for weaving a plush with a fast and crect
pile, but the same principle may also be adapted to weaving other piled fabrics.
The Invention consists principally in arranging tho draught in such a way that
the pile is cut at every fourth thread only (instead of at every second thread, as
heretofore), so that one half of the cutting is saved, and thus time and labor are
greatly economized, at the same time that the pile is fast and stands more erect
than that of the plushes as ordinarily woven.
In weaving a deep plush with the pile floating over seventeen ends, for example,
we weave with 20 ends and 12 picks to the round, as shown in the annexed
diagram Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 the same condensed.
The first pick is a binder pick passing under one, over one, under one, over one,
and so on.
The seventh pick is also a binder pick passing over one, under one,
over one, under one, and so on alternately. There are thus five face or pile picks
between every two binders or back picks.
The second pick passes over one, then binds under one, over one, under one, and
floats over sixteen.
The third pick floats over five, then binds under one, over one, under one, and
floats over twelve.
The fourth pick floats over nine, then binds under one, over one, under one, and
floats over eight.
The fifth pick floats over thirteen, then binds under one, over one, under one,
and floats over four.
Tho sixth pick floats over severteen, and then binds under one, over one, under
one.
The eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth picks are the same as the second,
third, fourth, fifth, and sixth picks respectively.
This can be woven with seven shafts, drawing in the first, fifth, ninth, thirteenth,
and seventeenth together; the third, seventh, eleventh, fifth, and nineteenth
together; the second and fourth, the sixth and eighth, tenth and twelfth, fourteenth
and sixteenth, and the eighteenth and twentieth.
The races for cutting this plush occur over the first, fifth, ninth, thirteenth, and
seventeenth ends, that is, on every fourth thread only, and when the pile is cut it
will be found to be perfectly fast and erect.
A variation of this plush may be made by arranging the five face picks as
follows, see Diagram 3 (and 4 the same condensed):
The second pick passes over one, then binds with three, and floats sixteen, as
before.
The third pick floats thirteen, then binds with three, and floats the rest.
The fourth pick floats five, then binds with three, and floats the rest.
The fifth pick floats seventeen, and then binds with three, and the sixth pick
floats nine, binds with three, and floats the rest.
The eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth picks being a repetition of the
above.
This can be drawn-in and woven by seven shafts, as in the previous case.

page_text: Other variations may also be made in the arrangement of the pile or face-picks,
provided always that the-eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth are a repetition
of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth picks.
A shorter pile may be produced on the same principle by weaving with sixteen
ends and ten picks to the round, sec Diagram 5 (and 6 the same condensed) putting
in four pile or face picks only between each two binders or back picks.
The first and sixth are the binders, and correspond with the first and seventh of
the previously described draft.
The pile or face picks are arranged in the same manner, excepting that the float
is over thirteen ends only.
This fabric can be woven with six shafts, and is cut on every fourth thread.
This cloth may also be varied, as shown by Diagram 7 (and 8, the same
condensed).
A still shorter pilo may be woven on the same principle by weaving with
twelve ends and eight picks to the round, as shewn at Diagrams 9 and 10.
The first and fifth picks are binders, and there are only three pile or face picks
between each two binders or back picks.
The faco picks are arranged as before, but the float is only over nine ends.
This can be woven on five shafts, drawing in one, five, and nine ends together;
three, seven, and eleven'; two and four, six and eight, and ten and twelve. It is
cut on the first, fifth, and ninth ends.
A very short pile might be made by working with eight ends and six picks,
see Diagrams 11 and 12.
The first and fourth being binders, and the second, third, fifth, and sixth being
face picks, and floating over five ends only.
In fact this fabric can be woven with any convenient number of ends divisible-
by four.
The same remark-as to the variation in the position of-the-face-picks_mentioned
when describing the first draft, with twenty ends-and-twelve picks, will also apply
to the shorter piled fabrics above described.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention, together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as the Invention of the late
Richard Shiers, the younger, and James Tetlow, the improvements in weaving
piled fabrics, as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the diagrams annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Alfred Shiers, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
GEORGE A. SHIERS. (L.S.)