Improvements in or Connected with Apparatus or Lamps for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1886
Complete Left, 5th Apr., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th May, 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with Apparatus or Lamps for
Lighting and Heating Purposes.
1 JOHN HENRY WILLIAM STRINGFELLOW, of Eden Road, Walthamstow, in the
county of Essex, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention relates to improvements in lighting and heating and to the construc-
tion of apparatus or lamps therefor the said lamps forming combined automatic
generators and burners of gas from either oils or spirits; the burners can be situated
either close to or at a distance from the point of generation and the gaseous products
may be conveyed through a pipe to one or more burners. The said products can be
burnt in a smokeless manner without employing a glass lamp chimney or its equivalent.
The size of the flame controlled by a suitable regulator which admits the requisite
quantity of air for supporting combustion in the generator the heat from which
combustion evolves and heats the gases from the liquid employed.
A suitable means of carrying out my invention is as follows:-
I employ a reservoir or pipe supply for containing the oil or spirit to be used and
in the said liquid I place (in such manner that no flame can pass down to the liquid)
one or more tubes or cottons or both combined, leading to where tho gas is to bo
generated. At this latter point the oil or spirit is ignited and a suitable chamber is
formed around it into which air is admitted by a proper regulator so that the quantity
of air is only sufficient to support a state of partial combustion which gives heat
enough to liberate the gases contained in the liquid. These gases are given off above
and around the point of generation in the general form of a greyish vapour which
may be ignited either just above that point or they may be conveyed by means of an
elongation of the generator or by a pipe to a distance from the generator and then
lighted. Sometimes I employ auxiliary regulators for controlling the supply of oil or
spirit to the generator and for admitting a supply of air to the burner.
When required to provide a simple and inexpensive generator and burner I employ
a piece of tube having one end perforated or otherwise formed with openings to admit

page_text: air so that when this tube is placed on or around the wick coming from a reservoir of
oil or spirit the apparatus can be used either for heating or lighting as required as
when the perforated end is placed downwards a white flame is produced and when the
reverse end is placed downwards a blue or nearly blue flame is produced.
In order to adapt an apparatus of this construction to be lit by means of an ordinary
street-lamp, lighting device or stick when my improvements are applied to such lamps,
I employ a slide or door, covering an opening in the gas generator, which slide or
door can be opened by the lamp lighter from the ground or instead of the said slide or
door I hinge the generator to the other part of the lamp so that the former can be
raised when required to be lighted and then closed when the gas can be lit at the
burner in the usual way.
When necessary the regulation of the light can be effected by a lever-arm such as is
used in ordinary street lamps for actuating the regulating device.
Dated the 5th day of June 1886.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: CUM DEIE TECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with Apparatus or Lamps for
Lighting and Heating Purposes.
JOHN HENRY WILLIAMS STRINGFELLOW, of Eden Road, Walthamstow, in the
county of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in lighting and heating and to the con-
struction of apparatus or lamps therefor, the said lamps forming combined automatic
generators and burners of gas from either oils or spirits; the burners can be situated
either close to or at a distance from the point of generation, and the gaseous products
may be conveyed through a pipe to one or more burners. The said products can be
burnt in a smokless manner without employing a glass lamp chimney or its equivalent.
The size of the flame may be controlled by a suitable regulator which admits the
requisite quantity of air for supporting combustion of the hydrogen of the oil in the
generator (or the supply of air may be a fixed quantity), the heat from which
combustion evolves and heats the gases from the liquid employed.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
how the same can bo carried into practical effect by reference to the accompanying
drawings in which figure 1 represents an elevation of an apparatus or lamp for
lighting purposes constructed according to my invention for automatically generating
gas from either oils or spirits and for burning the said gas, a part of the burner
(which produces a flat flame) being shewn in section. Figure 2 represents a vertical
section taken on the line A B of figure 1. Figure 3 represents a sectional elevation
of a modified form of gas generator and flat flame burner adapted for use with the
lamp shewn in figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 represents a vertical section on the
line C D of figure 3. Figure 5 represents a vertical section of a gas generator and
burner for producing a circular or Argand flame to be used in connection with the
lamp shown in figures 1 and 2, part of the lamp being also shown. Figure 6
represents a vertical section of a modified form of my gas generator and burner for
producing either light or heat as hereinafter described and shewn applied to a portion
of a lamp. Figure 7 represents a vertical section of another form of my gas
generator and burner shewn applied to part of an existing lamp for burning oils or
spirits for which purpose it is more especially adapted. Figure S is an elevation
partly in section representing an arrangement whereby the gas produced by my gas
generator can be burned at a distance from the same. Figure 9 represents a plan of
lamp constructed according to my invention and adapted for heating ovens and the
like. Figures 10 and 11 are longitudinal and vertical sections respectively of the
Similar lotters of reference indicate similar or corresponding parts throughout.
the several figures of the drawings.
same.

page_text: I will first describe my invention by reference to the lamp shewn in figures 1
and 2.
eq
I employ a reservoir a, (or a pipe supply may be used) for containing the oil or
spirit to be used in which reservoir a tube b, and cotton c, are arranged leading up
through an air chamber d, to the lower part of the gas generator and burner e, which
may advantageously be of the shape shewn in the drawing, or several tubes or cottons,
or both combined, may be used; c', is the regulator for controlling the supply of oil
or spirit to the generator e, by raising or lowering the cotton c, as will be obvious.
The said regulator is of similar construction to the regulators in use in ordinary
paraffin lamps. The air chamber d, is provided with air inlets f, f, a hit and miss
regulator g, or its equivalent being used to regulate the admission of air to the said
chamber d, as shown in figures 1 and 2. The gas generator and burner is provided
with a slit e, at the top and is hinged to the lamp at , so as to allow the said
chamber to be turned back into the position shewn in dotted lines in figure 2 when it
is required to light the cotton c. By this arrangement the cotton c, being ignited as
just described and the gas generator being in the position shewn by the full lines in
figuro 2, the regulator g, must be operated so that the quantity of air admitted
through the air chamber d, is only sufficient to support the state of partial combustion
which gives heat enough to liberate the gases contained in the oil or spirit. These
gases are given off above and around the point of generation in the general form of a
greyish vapour which may be ignited at the slite. Or they may be conveyed by
means of an elongation of the generator or by a pipe to a distance from the generator
and then lighted as shewn clearly in figure 8. To enable the cotton c, to be lighted
in this arrangement a slide or door, is provided as shewn. By arranging the
cotton c, so as to give the required size of flame from the slit e', I can dispense entirely
with the regulator c¹.
In figures 3 and 4 I have shewn the gas generator and burner e, provided with an
outer chamber e, for supplying an extra quantity of air to the gas as it is burned at
the slit e', a suitable regulator i, being used to regulate the said supply of air.
In the gas generator and burner for producing a circular or Argand flame illus-
trated in figure 5 the body of the generator is tubular and provided with openings el,
through which the generated gas escapes and is burned. An outer casing e, is
provided for supplying a current of air to the outside of the flame and pipes es, e³, are
provided which join one another and pass through the interior of the generator e,
the top of the same so as to supply an air current to the inside of the flame as shewn
by the arrows, a baffle plate j, being used to direct the air current as shewn.
to
When it is required to provide a simple and inexpensive generator and burner
I employ that shewn in figure 6 which consists of a piece of tube having one end
perforated or otherwise formed with openings f, f, to admit air so that when this tube
is placed on or around the wick or cotton coming from a reservoir of oil or spirit the
apparatus can be used either for heating or lighting as required as when the perforated
end is placed downwards a white or light giving flame is produced and when the
reverse end is placed downwards as shewn in the figure a blue or nearly blue or heat
giving flame is produced. The combined gas generator and burner shewn in figure 7
is constructed similarly to that shewn in figures 1 and 2 except that it is provided
with and hinged to a perforated plate f, at its base which has an opening to allow of it
being fixed to the wick tubes of existing lamps. Or instead of employing a perforated
plate, openings may be made in the lower parts of the wall of the generator in which
case the plate f, would be made solid. A great advantage attending the use of my gas
generators or burners hereinbefore described and shewn in figures 1 to 8 results from
the fact that any lamp to which they may be applied is by such application rendered
self extinguishing in the event of the lamp being overturned, that is to say, that if the
lamp be caused to assume such a position that there will be a greater flow of oil or
spirit to the wick than is normally required, the extra quantity of such oil or spirit
being transformed into gas will choke the flame in the generator, there not being
sufficient air to support the partial combustion of the quantity of oil or spirit which
would in such a case flow through the cotton or wick.

page_text: The lamp for heating purposes shewn in figures 9, 10 and 11 is formed of a
rectangular shape as shewn and provided with air inlets f, f, a suitable regulator g,
being provided to control the admission of air to the interior of the lamp. b, is a tube
for conveying the oil or spirit to the lamp from any suitable supply-vessel. The said
tube is provided with a stop cock k, and passes into the interior of the lamp where it
extends along the bottom of the same and is provided with a series of holes ', to allow
of the escape of the oil or spirit. On each side of the tube b, in the lamp placed a
small quantity of asbestos fibre c, which is saturated by the oil or spirit as it egresses
from the holes 6', in the pipe b. e', e, are the burners consisting of holes formed at
the top of the lamp from which holes the gas generated inside the lamp escapes and is
burned to produce the heat required; a door 4, is provided to allow of the saturated
asbestos being lighted. The action of the lamp which is similar to that shewn in
figures 1 and 2 will be understood without further description.
In order to adapt an apparatus of this construction to be lit by means of an
ordinary street lamp-lighting device or stick, when my improvements are applied to
such lamps, I employ a slide or door, covering an opening in the gas generator
similarly to that shewn in Figure 8, which slide or door can be opened by the lamp
lighter from the ground; or instead of the said slide or drawer I hinge the generator
to the other part of the lamp as in figures 1 and 2 so that the former can be raised
when required to be lighted and then closed, when the gas can be lit at the burner in
the usual way. When necessary the regulation of the light can be effected by a
lever-arm such as is used in ordinary street lamps for actuating the regulating device.
In a lighting or heating apparatus or lamp of my improved construction it will be
seen that the products of combustion from the generator flame reach the burners and
there become heated to the point of dissociation and the hydrogen united with the
oxygen is then set free to be reburnt with the other gases and the oxygen to support
combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. An apparatus or lamp for lighting and heating purposes in which a tube or
chamber is employed forming a generator of gas from liquid hydro-carbon coming
from a suitable source, the said tube or chamber being provided with perforations
which will admit only sufficient air to support combustion of part or all of the
hydrogen of the liquid hydrocarbon; the gases ovolved being burned near to or at a
distance from the said chamber or generator, substantially as described.
2. The improved apparatus or lamp for lighting purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The burners adapted for use with lamps of ordinary construction substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 6 and 7 of the
accompanying drawings.
4. The improved apparatus or lamp for heating purposes substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in figures 9, 10, and 11, of the accompanying
drawings.