Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 8th Jan., 1889
I THOMAS RICHARD WHITE of 33 Wellington Street Boston in the County of Suffolk
and State of Massachusetts United States of America, Builder do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for heating railway
carriages, and has for its object to utilize the waste products of combustion by
conveying the same from the smoke box of the engine, beneath the several carriages
to an exhit at the rear end of the train and causing them on their way to heat air
which is supplied to the interior of the carriages, in close proximity to each seat.
Concentric pipes lead from the smoke box beneath the engine and are coupled to
corresponding concentric pipes running beneath the carriages to the tail end of the
train. The inner pipe is in communication with the smoke box under the control of
a damper operated from the engine foot plate, a second damper being provided for
closing the outlet through the smoke stack, these two dampers being connected so as
to be operated by the same lever, the one being opened when the other is closed.
A blower is mounted on the foot plate of the engine, operated by a small engine,
or similar means, whereby air is supplied and equally distributed to the fire, through
pipes connected with said blower and arranged within the fire box beneath the
grate.
A second blower is driven by the same shaft as the first and blows air into the
annular space between the concentric pipes, the supply of fresh air being thus kept
constantly heated by the products of combustion passing through the inner pipe.
Branch pipes lead from the aunular space up through the floors of the carriages and
are provided with registers to control the supply of warm air, and the outer longitudinal
pipe and branch pipes may be clothed or jacketed to prevent chilling of the air.
Upon the end of the concentric pipes at the rear of the last carriage of the train
is coupled a baffle tube which is provided at its outer end with an enclosing screen,
and the underside of said tube near its end is provided with an aperture.
"

page_text: The concentric pipes may be coupled in any secure and well known manner; the
preferred form of coupling being a flaring mouth on the end of the one inner tube
and a slightly flaring attached flexible packing on the opposing pipe, which when
the two are brought together becomes firmly wedged in the flaring mouth.
The inner pipes are held in contact by a coupling upon the outer pipes, this
coupling is usually effected by causing an interrially threaded ring to revolve freely
upon a collar fixed on the outer end of one outer pipe, a corresponding externally
threaded collar being provided on the opposing pipe. When the two pipes come
together the loose ring is made to engage and screw upon the threaded collars, whereby
a tight joint is effected.
The hot products of combustion pass the length of the train, and upon reaching the
baffle tube the smoke and gases pass off through the screen, the ashes and sparks
falling upon
the track through the aperture in said baffle tube. The inner pipe being
heated by the products of combustion passing through it, heats in turn the air in the
annular space, which air is delivered into the carriages through registers in the floor.
It will be observed that by the method above described a train is not only plentifully
and economically heated, without danger of fire, but that fresh air is constantly
supplied to each carriage, and the smoke, gases, and cinders from the engine so
disposed of as not to annoy the passengers.
Dated this 17th day of January 1888.
T. R. WHITE.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.

page_text: COMTLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method and Apparatus for Heating Railway
Carriages.
I, THOMAS RICHARD WHITE, of 33, Wellington Street, Boston, in the County of
Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for heating railway
carriages; and has for its object to utilize the waste products of combustion by
conveying the same from the smoke box of the engine beneath the several carriages to
an exit at the rear end of the train and causing them on their way to heat air which
is supplied to the interior of the carriages in close proximity to each seat.
The Invention consists in the method of heating a train of carriages from the
engine, utilizing as a prime factor the waste products of combustion, and in the
apparatus employed for carrying out the aforesaid method, as will be hereinafter fully
set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which figure 1 is a side elevation of the engine and the last carriage
of a train, partly broken away and in section. Figure 2 is a partial transverse
vertical section through a carriage heated by my method, and figure 3 is a longitudinal
section through a coupling employed in carrying out the method. Similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
In carrying the invention into effect, a vertical lever a is pivoted in the smoke
box A of an engine jointed at its upper end with a damper a adapted to close the
passage into the smoke stack and having a similar attachment at its lower end with a
damper a adapted to close over a collared aperture in the bottom of the smoke box
which dampers are operated the one to automatically close and the other to oper
through the medium of a hand lever b connected with the lever a in the smoke box
above or below its fulcrum by a rod b¹, as shewn in figure 1. A blower B is mounted
on the foot plate of the engine operated by a small engine B¹ or similar means whereby.
air is supplied and equally distributed to the fire through pipes connected with said
blower and arranged within the fire box beneath the grate. Within the apertures in
the bottom of the smoke box A a pipe or flue D is introduced which pipe, surrounded
by an outer and much larger pipe D', extends backwards beneath the engine the rear
ends being provided with a section of coupling C; hereinafter described. Upon the
shaft of the blower B, a second blower E is mounted, connected with the space d
between the inner pipe D and outer pipe D¹, the purpose of which is to supply fresh
air which is kept constantly heated by the products of combustion passing through
the interior pipe D.
Similar concentric pipes D D₁ are suspended centrally and longitudinally beneath
each carriage of a train, which pipes are adapted to be coupled to each other and to
the pipes of the engine in any suitable manner. At regular intervals, smaller branch

page_text: pipes F are connected to opposite sides of the outer longitudinal pipes D¹ and pass
up through the floor of the carriage, preferably in front of each seat therein, a suitable
register e being provided over the aperture in the floor, as shewn in figure 2. Each
branch pipe F may, if found desirable, be wrapped in a jacket of non-heat-conducting
material or encased within another pipe whereby the said pipes will be prevented from
becoming chilled and the temperature of the air in the pipes lowered. The outer
longitudinal pipes D¹ may also be encased in like manner for the same purpose, if
found advantageous in practice. Upon the end of the pipes D and D³, at the rear of
the last carriage of the train, is coupled a baffle tube H which is provided at its outer
end with an enclosing screen h and the under side of said tube near its end is provided
with an aperture h¹.
The pipes may be coupled in any secure and well known manner, in the drawings
however, a preferred form of coupling illustrated in figure 3, in which it will be
seen that one inner pipe D is provided with a flaring mouth M and the opposing
pipe D with a slightly flaring attached flexible packing M', thus when the two pipes
are brought together the one is firmly wedged in the other. The inner pipes are held
in contact by the coupling C upon the outer pipes; this coupling is usually effected
by causing an internally threaded ring m provided with exterior knobs m', to revolve.
freely upon a collar m² fixed on the outer end of one pipe D'a corresponding externally
threaded collar m³ being provided on the opposing pipe D¹. When the two pipes
come together, the loose ring m is made to engage and screw upon the threaded,
collars m³ m² whereby a tight joint is effected.
The operation of the invention is as follows:-In firing up, the lower damper a² is
closed and the upper damper a' opened to afford the normal draught to the fire. When
sufficient steam has been generated to run the small engine B¹ and thereby the
blowers B and E, the positions of the dampers are reversed by means of the lever b
and all the products of combustion thereupon pass into the pipe D, draught being
supplied to the fire box by means of the blower B while the blower E constantly
supplies fresh air to the space d between the inner and outer pipes D D¹. The hot
products of combustion pass the length of the train and upon reaching the baffle
tube H, the smoke and gases pass off through the screen the ashes and sparks falling
upon the track through the aperture in said baffle tube. The inner pipe D being
heated by the products of combustion passing through it, heats in turn the air in the
annular space d which air is delivered into the carriages through registers in
the floor.
It will be observed that, by the method above described, a train is not only plentifully
and economically heated without danger of fire but that fresh air is constantly supplied
to each carriage and the smoke, gases, and cinders from the engine so disposed of as
not to annoy the passengers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described method of heating railway carriages which consists in
conveying the products of combustion from the smoke box of a locomotive, beneath
said locomotive and carriages in contact with an air chamber or passage, introducing
the heated air into the several carriages of a train and in freeing the waste products
of combustion at the end of the train beneath the rear carriage, substantially as shewn
and described, and for the purposes herein set forth.
2. In a device for heating railway carriages the combination with the smoke box,
the smoke stack, and a flue extending from said smoke box, of dampers arranged in
connection with said stack and flue and means for operating said dampers, substantially
as herein set forth.
3. In a device for heating railway carriages from the engine, the combination with
the smoke box of a locomotive, a flue leading from thence beneath said locomotive and
carriages, and a lever pivoted in said smoke box carrying dampers whereby com-
munication may be opened or closed between said flue and the smoke box or said box

page_text: and the stack, of concentric tubes also extending beneath the locomotive and carriages,
means for introducing air between said flue and tubes, and means for conveying the
heated air from the tubes to the carriages, substantially as herein specified.
4. In a device for heating railway carriages from the locomotive, the combination
with the smoke box of a locomotive and a flue leading from thence beneath the
locomotive and carriages said flue being provided at its extreme end with a baffle tube,
of concentric tubes also extending beneath the locomotive and carriages, a blower
adapted to introduce air between the flue and concentric tube or tubes and a series of
transverse smaller tubes connected with said concentric tubes adapted to convey
heated air at intervals into the carriages, substantially as shewn and described, and
for the purposes herein set forth.
5. In a device for heating railway carriages from the locomotive the combination
with the smoke box A provided with dampers a¹ a² and means for operating the same,
and a flue D leading from said smoke box longitudinally beneath a train, of the
concentric tube D', air space d between said flue and tube, a blower connected with
said air space, a series of curved transverse tubes F uniting said air space with the
carriages, and registers e arranged above said tubes F in front of the seats of
a carriage, substantially as shewn and described, and for the purposes herein
set forth.
Doted thin 16th days of Datohar 1888