matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Jefferies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1859.
I, HUMPHREY JEFFERIES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Button Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in castors for furniture.
For these purposes, in making a castor of that description where a sphere is
used as the roller, in place of simply using glass or china, or earthenware for
the interior of the castor where the sphere is received, not only is the interior
so formed but the exterior also, so that the frame or body of a castor suitable
to be fitted to a piece of furniture will be made in one piece of glass, china, or
earthenware, and the same will have a hollow or recess at its under side to
receive the spherical roller of any suitable material, and such sphere will be
retained in the hollow or recess of the frame or body of the castor by any
convenient means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN THE MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Valentine Eeach at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1859.
I, ROBERT VALENTINE LEACH, of Taibach, in the County of Glamorgan, and
of Devizes, in the County of Wilts, Tin Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON, AND IN THE MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
First, in so constructing and arranging, in connection with each other, two or
more pairs of the rolls used in the manufacture of iron, that the material when
it has been rolled by the first pair shall, by a suitable mechanical arrangement,
be caused to pass thence to a second pair, and it will be evident that it in like
manner may be caused to pass from this second pair to one, two, or more other
pairs. The number of pairs of rolls employed in each series must be varied to
suit the particular process in operation; but in general for all hot rolling I
prefer to employ in each series as many pairs of rolls as can conveniently
operate upon the material under one heat.
Secondly, in the application to that class of rolling mills which are employed
for the purpose of "cold rolling" the "black plates" used in the manufacture
of "tin or terne plates" of a suitable box or hopper, in which several plates
may be placed at one time, and whence, by suitable machinery acting in con-
nection with the cold rolling mill, the black plates are conveyed one by one to
the rolling mill.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Thomson Pattison, residing at Daldorch, in
the County of Ayr, in Scotlanul, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DYEING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS."
Sealed the 18th October 1860, and dated the 5th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Thomson Pattison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition. on.
the 5th August 1859.
I, ROBERT THOMSON PATTISON, residing at Daldorch, in the County of Ayr,
in Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DYEING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I produce a preparation from milk in the manner described in the enrolled
Specification to my Letters Patent, dated at Westminster, the Second day of
November, Eighteen hundred and forty-eight, & numbered 1,316, for "An
Improved Preparation or Material for Fixing Paint or Pigment Colors on
Cotton, Linen, Woollen, Silk, and other Fabrics." I pinrt on cotton cloth
this preparation from milk, dissolved by an alkali, and expose the cloth so.
printed to the action of steam in the usual manner. I then mix in water a
preparation of orchill and slack lime, in which I dye the cloth so rinted;

page_text: calcined magnesia or barytes may also be used, but I prefer the lime. The
coloring matter of the orchill, mixed as above, adheres to the preparation of
milk printed on the cloth, and thus fixes mechanically the coloring matter on
the fabric.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Drabble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1859.
I, JAMES DRABBLE, of Orchard Works, Orchard Lane, in the Parish of
Sheffield, County of York, Merchant and Manufacturer of Table Knives,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Juvention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a double-grooved cam roller,
by the rotation of which two lever arms are worked; the one imparts to the
machinery connected with the lower needle a horizontal motion. The cam is
so constructed that the machine is capable of being worked by a reverse
notion imparted to it, by the handle being turned the contrary way, so that
the stitching is continued with equal facility and despatch if the cam be made
to revolve either from right to left, or vice versa, without the slightest detriment
to the machine or the sewing.
Another part of my improvement consists in the machinery employed for
working the vertical needle, and improved construction and arrangement of
pressure foot and feed motion, and method of elevating and depressing same
for holding down the cloth. The upper lever arm is connected to an upright
bar, to the bottom of which is attached the needle. To the lower part and
on one side of the bar is fixed a round arm, by means of which the saw-like
part of the pressure foot is lowered at the same time that the upright bar is
being raised. The bar being bent at its lower part, when raised forces the

page_text: stitch bar horizontally backwards, which it again forces the bar connected
with the pressure foot, drawing at the same time the cloth along with it ready
for another stitch. Upon the bar being lowered, the saw-like part of the
presser foot is raised, and the bar and presser foot fall forward to their former
position.
Another part of my improvement consists in the machinery employed for
working the horizontal needle. The lower lever arm is connected to a bar,
to which is attached the needle. The bar, being uneven, gives to the needle
a slightly curved motion in passing round the hole through which the upper
needle passes. The stitching forms what is called the double-chain stitch,
which cannot be unravelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS FOR PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Fulton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1859.
I, DAVID FULTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engraver to Calico Printers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS FOR PRINTING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the construction of cylinders or rollers for printing
and other purposes, in such a way that a comparatively thin external shell of
copper or other metal may be satisfactorily used; and in carrying it into effect,
according to one modification, the mandril or spindle on which the cylinder or
roller is mounted is formed with a slight taper from end to end, and has placed
on it a metal shell or slip internally shaped to fit the taper of the mandril.
This shell or slip is divided or slit through at one side from end to end, and is
capable of being equally expanded by being forced towards the larger end of
the mandril. In this way the expanding shell or. slip is forced out to fit the
internal surface of the external shell, which surface may be formed with or
without a taper, provided that the outer surface of the expanding shell or slip
is shaped to correspond. The expanding shell or slip may be reduced to shape
by boring and turning, or it may be produced by casting in a mould having
metal surfaces either internally or externally, or both internally and externally,
such mould surfaces being proportioned or shaped so as more or less to dis-
pense with subsequent turning and boring. If metal mould surfaces are used

page_text: the slit may be formed by means of a thin metal blade placed in the mould,
with which arrangement the casting will be able to contract on cooling without
cracking. In the case of rollers of large size, cylindrical filling up slips may
be fixed on the mandril, being tapered externally to fit the expanding shell or
slip. The expanding slip or slit shell may be used in the construction of
cylinders or rollers for calico printing, calendering, embossing, and for various
other purposes. For the purpose of being engraved a thin copper roller may
be mounted on a mandril, in the manner herein-before described, or it may be
held by means of short conical end pieces, such as are ordinarily used; but to
prevent these from opening out the ends of the rollers, in consequence of
bearing on the extreme edges only, rings of a moderate depth are inserted at
each end, their external surfaces bearing against the internal surface of the
copper roller, whilst they are coned internally to fit the conical end pieces on
the mandril, where the mounting and centering-appliances on the engraving
machine consist of a number of radial screws tapped into rings or collars on the
mandril; rings are applied inside the copper roller for the radial screws to
bear against.
AN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING SIFTING, SORTING, AND CLEANSING MINERAL ORES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stickland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1859.
I, DAVID STICKLAND, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING
SIFTING, SORTING, AND CLEANSING MINERAL ORES," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to separate the mineral ores on being
received from the pit's mouth, and sifting, sorting, and cleansing the same,
either wet or dry, these objects being effected in the following manner:-The
material to be operated on is thrown on the top of the apparatus into a cradle,
the bottom of which is composed of bars of iron; above this cradle is a
reservoir of water for the constant supply thereof when necessary. The cradle
is hung near the centre and so contrived that it can be instantly upset by a
lever or other suitable means; the material having been thrown out falls on to
the rock bars beneath, the larger material being at once conveyed to the
spalling bed, the smaller passing through the rock bars sieves one under
another. The small matter that passes through them is dropped into a recess
or receiver, while the roughs not passing through are discharged on to the
picking table by means of the oscillating motion of the sieves. The mineral
clay is thrown into an inclined revolving cutting cylinder, there to be treated
with water as before mentioned and thrown in solution, any stoney matter
rolling down the inclined cylinder on to the rock bars, from thence to the
before named sieves; the same to be worked by suitable gearing, either by
hand, water, or steam power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAND BOXES FOR TRAVELLERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Raphael Isaac at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1859.
I, JOHN RAPHAEL ISAAC, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Draughts-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAND BOXES FOR TRAVELLERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in one small box or case, the
means of carrying a hat or bonnet, apparatus belonging to the toilet, writing
materials, and a small stock of linen. To this end I give the box or case
sufficient capacity to receive the brim of the hat, and within it I form a case
of sufficient diameter to receive the crown of the hat. The annular space
formed by the two cases, I divide up by partitions, and fit therein hair and clothes
brushes, note paper, and boxes to hold soap, razors, combs, or other matters
connected with the toilet; also jewellery, stationery, and other like requisites
for a traveller. This annular space I close with hinged lids, which form a
support for the hat brim. Over the hat, and fitting on to the outer case, I form
a shallow compartment, the bottom of which is cut away and fitted with a
cylindrical bag, which drops into the hollow of the hat, and is calculated to
carry collars or other light articles, the shallow compartment being itself
intended to carry a day and night shirt or other linen. The lid of the box or
case (which is detachable), I fit with a toilet glass, and I secure the lid to
the case by cross straps in the well-known manner.
When applying the Invention for the use of female travellers, the construction

page_text: of the box or case will be somewhat modified; the central compartment being
suitably shaped to receive a bonnet, the fittings being so arranged as to
afford space for sewing materials and needlework. The lid of the case may
also may be made to expand by the addition thereto of india-rubber webbing
or folded leather or other suitable material, and it may be secured to the case
by a hinge and lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPER- HEATING STEAM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Berthon Preston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1859.
I, HENRY BERTHON PRESTON, of the Firm of Messrs. Fawcett, Preston & Co.
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPER-
HEATING STEAM," to be as follows (that is to say):-
To apply this Invention to steam boilers in general, the superheating appa-
ratus consists of, say, two vertical steam chests placed within the take-up of the
funnel or flue, and which are connected together by a series of horizontal semi-
circular pipes or tubes which run round the flue parallel to, and a short
distance above each other, and from the side of the flue, and by pipes which
extend across the flue from one steam chest to the other. The steam is intro-
duced from the steam chest of the boiler by a pipe into one of the vertical
steam chests, which is divided into two chambers by a diaphragm about the
middle of its length, which causes the steam to circulate first through the
lower portion of the circular and transverse pipes, and thence through the
opposite steam chest into the upper portion of the system of heating pipes, and
the upper cavity of the double chambered steam chest from whence it is carried
through a pipe and valve to the ordinary steam pipe of the engine; this valve
is so arranged that when open to allow the superheated steam to pass from the

page_text: system of heating pipes, it closes the ordinary supply pipe of the boiler. And
the pipe connecting the superheating apparatus with the steam chest of the
boiler is also provided with a screw-down valve for cutting off the connection
between the boiler and apparatus when required. When applied to boilers
specially constructed for superheating, the flue is carried through the steam
chest of the boiler, and a chest for superheating the steam is constructed
within the take-up of the funnel, and attached to the crown of the boiler. The
communication between the take-up and funnel is provided by means of a
number of vertical tubes which pass through the superheating chest. Steam is
admitted from the steam chest to the superheating apparatus by a valve and
circulates around the vertical heating tubes through the superheating chest,
and issues through a pipe and valve to the steam pipe. When the inlet and
outlet valves are closed, the steam is shut off from the superheating apparatus
and the steam pipes which connects the boiler with the cylinder of the engine.
By opening a valve on the steain pipe, steam is admitted direct from the steam
chest of the boiler to the steam pipe in the ordinary manner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LUBRICATOR FOR LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING LUBRICATION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Phipson and
William Arthur Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd August 1859.
We, JOSEPH HENRY PHIPSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM ARTHUR WATSON, of Birmingham aforesaid,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED LUBRICATOR FOR LUBRICATING SHAFTS AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING
LUBRICATION," to be as follows:-
Our new or improved lubricator consists of a vessel or cistern containing
oil or other lubricating liquid, the said vessel or cistern being provided with
an apparatus constructed as follows, for permitting and regulating the flow of
the oil or liquid therefrom:-In the axis of the vessel or cistern a tube is
situated, the lower end of which passes through the bottom of the vessel; the
upper end of the tube rises above the level of the liquid in the reservoir. A
transverse slot or groove is made in the tube immediately above the bottom
of the cistern, the said slot passing about one-half round the tube, and
being of a wedge shape, that is tapering from one end to the other. In the
said tube a second smaller tube is situated, the said second tube fitting the
outer tube and turning readily therein. The bottom of the inner tube is slit
by a fine slit made longitudinally, so that the said slit and the slot or groove
in the outer tube cross one another. The oil passing through the openings
in the two tubes descends through the bottom of the cistern upon the shaft or
other article over which the lubricator may be fixed. By turning the inner

page_text: tube in the outer one, the slit in the former may be brought opposite to the
wide or narrow end of the slot in the latter, and the length of slit through
which the oil escapes, increased or diminished, so as to allow the oil to drop at
the rate of from one to fifty drops per minute. An index is fixed at the top
of the tubes, by setting which the flow of oil may be regulated at pleasure.
AN IMPROVED REGULATING BURNER FOR GAS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Davenport at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1859. A communication from Henry Woodward, residing at
New York, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED DAVENPORT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gas
Purifier Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED REGULATING BURNER FOR GAS," a communication from Henry
Woodward, residing at New York, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to regulate the flow of the gas through the
burner, as that the amount of gas passing through and being consumed shall
always be about equal, whatever may be the pressure in the pipes. It is
proposed to effect this object by constructing the gas burner or jet as shown in
the accompanying Drawing, and hereafter described.
Figure 1 is an exterior view of the burner, drawn full size; and Figure 2 is
a section, showing the interior construction of the same. In the interior of
the jet are two cones a and b. The lower cone a encloses the top of the pipe,
and is provided with a very small opening at its apex. The upper cone b is
closed at its apex, and is provided in the interior with a brush or tuft of
metallic wire c covering the opening in the apex of the lower cone a.
The
upper cone has a flange at its base fitting the interior of the burner, and

page_text: provided with three or more lateral openings, to allow of the passage of
the gas. As the apex of the upper cone 6 is a disc of wire gauze or perforated
plate d, also fitting the interior of the burner; e is the nipple screwed into the
upper part of the burner.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DYEING LEATHER BLACK
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gregg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1859.
I, GEORGE GREGG, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Currier, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DYEING
LEATHER BLACK," to be as follows:-
I dye the leather black in the dry tanned state in the grain before the
leather has been submitted to the action of water or steam, or made wet in any
way whatever. The mode hitherto adopted by the currying trade is to wet the
leather first, and then black it after the leather has gone through several
(eight or nine) processes. In consequence of this change, I am enabled to
curry my leather so blackened or dyed, at one half the usual price paid under
the old mode, at the same time producing an article equally good.
IMPROVE- HENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBINING AND CARDING COTTON OR SILK AND WOOL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Loftus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1859.
I, JOHN LOFTUS, of Elton Fold, near Bury, in the County of Lancaster,.
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
HENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBINING AND CARDING COTTON OR SILK AND WOOL,"
to be as follows:-
In combining and carding cotton or silk and wool together, it has hitherto
been customary to mix the fibres in a machine called a willow, and then to
card them together in a common carding engine, or in some cases the cotton
or silk and the wool are fed separately to the same carding engine. Both
these plans are objectionable, as the fibres of cotton, or silk and wool, being of."
different lengths, are liable to be injured when carded together. Now,. my
Invention consists in conveying the fleece of cotton or silk from the doffer of..
one carding engine by an endless band or other suitablo mechanism to one of
the clearing rollers of the carding engine for the wool; by this means the
fibres of cotton, or silk and wool are combined and deposited together on the
doffer or doffers of the wool carding engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR SHAPING IRON FOR RAILWAY SPIKES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Mac Lellan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1859.
I, WALTER MAC LELLAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR SHAPING IRON FOR RAILWAY SPIKES AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates principally to the rolling or shaping of bar iron for
the manufacture of railway spikes or the fastenings employed for holding down
the chairs of permanent way, but it is also applicable to the manufacture or
production of other articles. It consists essentially in the so shaping the rolls,
that the bar iron out of which the spikes are to be made, that the bars are
rolled in them with alternate round and square sections. For this purpose
the rolls are cut or grooved on their peripheries angularly and curvilinearly in
alternating sections, the relative lengths of the sections being proportioned to
the sizes of the articles to be produced. In this way, when the bars are cut
up into spike lengths, all that is further necessary is to form the spike heads.
In this way railway spikes with round or cylindrical necks, and square or angular
body portions, are made with great facility and accuracy, the rectangular
portion being subsequently twisted for giving it an effective hold. Rolls with
grooves of various forms may be used according to the transverse sections

page_text: which may be required. Pins for other purposes and articles of other and
different kinds may be made in the same way, the essential object of the
Invention being the rolling of iron in alternating lengths of different transverse
sections in the same or one pair of rolls.
A PEN FOR PRODUCING A COPY OR COPIES OF A LETTER OR OTHER WRITING SIMUL- TANEOUSLY WITH THE PRODUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hyde at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1859.
I, GEORGE HYDE, of 61, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Stationer and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PEN FOR PRODUCING A COPY OR COPIES OF A LETTER OR OTHER WRITING SIMUL-
TANEOUSLY WITH THE PRODUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a copy or copies of a letter or
other writing simultaneously with the production of the original. According
to my Invention I employ a pen so constructed that when writing therewith
with ordinary ink upon paper having beneath it carbonic or similar trans-
ferring medium, and under that paper intended for the copy, an exact copy
of the original writing will be produced on the under paper at the same time
as the original is being written. Alternate leaves of carbonic or transfer
medium and of paper may be placed beneath the paper for the original when
more than one copy is required. Ordinary paper is employed for both original
and copy.
The form of pen preferred for the purpose is constructed of
extreme hardness and rigidity, that is to say, of at least twice the thickness
of material of an ordinary metallic pen, and without any elasticity at the
shoulder, and is formed with a nib so constructed that, owing to the stiffness
of material of which the pen is composed, it will only separate or act just
sufficiently to conduct the ink, and allow of the writing being produced on the
paper. By applying such a pen with ordinary ink or writing fluid on paper

page_text: under which is placed a leaf of semi-carbonic or other suitable transferring
medium, and beneath that a leaf of paper for the reception of a duplicate or
copy, (or several such leaves of media and paper alternately,) an exact, legible,
and durable copy or copies of the original writing will be produced on the
paper or papers beneath, so that the original, of course presenting the ordinary
appearance of a letter or other writing, may be dispatched to its destination,
and the copy or copies retained.
A DOUBLE-BOTTOMED HORSE SHOE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1859.
I, GEORGE THOMAS, of No. 47, Hampton Street, Paddington, in the County of
Middlesex, Plasterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A DOUBLE-BOTTOMED HORSE SHOE," to be as follows:-
The
My Invention consists of shoeing horses with two shoes on each foot.
one shoe, or shoe proper, to be fastened to the hoof by nails in the usual way.
This shoe in the centre part is dovetailed, so as to admit of the second shoe
being placed thereon, and the second shoe is so constructed that it will slip
into the dovetail of the first shoe, and will take all the friction produced by the
horse's travelling, and prevent the first shoe coming in contact with the road.
The second shoe is so formed that it can be put on and taken off the first
shoe with the greatest ease, and consequently a horse can be roughed, if
required, every day, without in any way damaging the hoof.
AN IMPROVED MILITARY CAMP COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1859.
I, HENRY CHAPMAN, of Battlebarrow, Appleby, in the County of Westmore-
land, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MILITARY CAMP COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining a large amount of
heating surface with a very small quantity of fuel, and consists in constructing
an apparatus specially adapted for military purposes in the following manner :-
The apparatus is composed of three principal parts, which are intended to
contain water at the lower part thereof, except the bottom of the third or
middle compartment, which may be used for roasting coffee. At or near the
division of each of the aforesaid compartments a dome or other convenient
shaped opening is to be formed, from whence proceed tubes or pipes passing
respectively through the several before-mentioned compartments in a horizontal
direction. The ends of those tubes which come through the outer casing of
the apparatus are furnished with valves or dampers, for opening and closing
entirely or partially the ends of said tubes for regulating the intensity of the
heat in the apparatus. The before-mentioned compartments are intended to
be fitted with shelves, trays, hooks, strainers, and such like appliances
ecessary in performing the operations of boiling or steaming meat, vegetables,
d other articles of food. The apparatus should be furnished with suitable

page_text: lids, also cocks for drawing off warm water. To use this apparatus it is only
necessary to place it over two braziers containing fire, the heat from which,
traversing the several tubes of the apparatus, will be given off, and speedily
raise the temperature of the water therein, and thus effect the operations of
cooking in a simple, efficient, and inexpensive manner.
A NEW SYSTEM OF PADDLES FOR STEAM BOATS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1859.-A communication from abroad by Guillaume Cusset,
of Givors, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, No. 4,
Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF PADDLES
FOR STEAM BOATS OR OTHER VESSELS," communicated to me from abroad by
Guillaume Cusset, of Givors, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The wheels of steam boats in plunging into the water press the liquid
obliquely as the paddles enter and leave it, a few only producing a direct effect
upon the course of the vessel. Efforts have been made to give the paddles a
position constantly perpendicular to the surface of the water, but the frequent
derangements to which a number of moveable pieces are liable have rendered
them abortive; I propose constructing an apparatus to be called the "rower"
by placing a number of floats or paddles parallel to each other and at a suitable
distance apart, the whole being united together by metal rods at top and
bottom forming framing; this combination is fixed to three or more shafts which
projecting from the vessel terminate in cranks. One of these shafts is motived
by the steam engine and carries the others with it in its revolutions, thus at
each turn of the shaft the whole apparatus is plunged into the water, giving a
direct propulsion to the vessel similar to that given by a number of oars, pre-
senting this advantage that the apparatus is at times completely above water,
offering no hurtful resistance when the vessel is moving under the influence of
sails or otherwise.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1859.
I, THOMAS WILSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the following method or methods of con-
structing the breech end of breech-loading fire-arms and the parts connected
with the breech end, for the purpose of effecting the loading and discharge of
the said fire-arms. I attach to or form at the rear end of the barrel a breech,
open at top, and of sufficient size to permit of the ready introduction of the
charge. On the side of the opening in the breech a cover is hinged, which
said cover when shut down closes the said opening in the breech. To the
said cover a bolt or breech plug is attached, the said bolt or breech plug when
the cover is shut down entering and nearly filling the opening in the breech.
The said bolt or breech plug is so attached to the cover, that it is capable of a
sliding motion in a line coincident with or parallel to the axis of the fire-arın.
A screw bolt passes through the extreme end of the breech, and may be
turned by a handle or lever jointed to its end. In order to charge the fire-
arm, the charge is introduced at the open breech, and inserted in the barrel.
The cover with its sliding bolt or breech plug is shut down upon
the

page_text: opening. The screw is turned so as to press upon the said bolt or plug, and
cause it to close the end of the barrel, when the arm may be discharged. By
unscrewing the screw, the cover and sliding bolt or plug may be raised, and
another charge introduced into the barrel.
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1859.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the adaptation and use of steam power in working
mechanical hammers of the tilt or lever class, such as are technically known
in some parts of the country as "Olivers," so as to produce a very superior
effect in working as compared with manual or pedal labour applied in these
tools.
Under one form of parts by which this Invention may be carried out in
practice, a small vertical steam cylinder is fitted up alongside the anvil, and
beneath the hammer lever, which is over head. The connecting rod or piston
rod of the piston of this cylinder is attached to the pin of a crank upon the
shaft centre, on which the hammer lever works, or it may be connected to the
hammer lever either directly or through the intervention of a snug or crank
lever piece, and the steam valve is actuated either by hand, or by any mecha-
nical or self-acting means. A convenient automatic valvular action is obtained
by connecting the steam slide valve to the crank or shaft of the hammer lever.
The hammer lever is connected to an overhead spring of any suitable kind,
this spring being used for drawing the hammer lever up after each blow, whilst

page_text: the steam piston brings it down with great power. The effect of this hammer
is very great, as the hammer head can be made much heavier than those of
the ordinary hammers of this general class as fitted up for hand or foot labour,
and such a weight upon a lever moving through a considerable are gives a
most efficient blow, whilst the lifting spring brings up the hammer with great
rapidity, and very quick strokes may thus be given. Steam or compressed
air may also be used in addition to aid in the lift of the hammer.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1859. A communication from abroad by François Marchal, of
Clermond-Ferand, in the Empire of France, Engineer of the Paris
and Lyons Railway.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to engines worked by steam as
well as to engines worked by gases or fluids of an apparatus for stopping
entirely or partially the flow of steam, gas, or fluid to the engine when the
pressure becomes too high, and by this means to stop or retard the engine.
In applying this principle to engines worked by steam, I place in the pipe
which conducts the steam to the engine a valve, which is capable of being
raised into such a position as to close or partially close the passage through
the pipe; on the stem of this valve there is fixed another valve or a piston,
which closes a passage from the boiler into the atmosphere, and the valve or
piston is kept down in its lowest position when the pressure of the steam is
not excessive by the weight of the first valve, but when the pressure in the
boiler gets too high, the valve or piston closing the passage into the

page_text: atmosphere is raised by the steam, and lifts the valve which closes the passage
through the steam pipe of the engine, and thus stops or retards the engine, so
that the workman attending to the engine will be obliged to lower tho pressure
in the boiler before the steam will again pass to the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Ashwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1859.
I, JAMES CHARLES ASHWELL, of Dorchester Street, New North Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of antifriction or auxiliary wheels
to railway and other carriages instead of the ground wheel running loose upon
the axle as is usual, the wheel and axle may be firmly united, the antifriction
or auxilliary wheels may be affixed to the springs of the carriage, and the
whole attached to the frame thereof, when the antifriction wheels will rest on
the fixed axle, or they may rest on the box of the ground wheel where a loose
axle is used, the result being that a considerable increase in the leverage of
the wheels is obtained together with a great reduction of friction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beads at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1859.
I, JOHN BEADS, of Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These are improvements on an Invention for which Letters Patent were
granted to me, dated the 25th day of January 1856, No. 203, in which I
employ a star wheel and partial star wheel, or a wheel with the spaces of the
teeth, cogs, or rollers, at different distances to accomodate the different speeds
at which the wheels may be required to revolve or the changes required,
instead of the two friction pullies used in Sharp and Roberts' mules, to take
out the different changes, and put them in.
My present Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of an additional
catch or escape lever which holds the star wheel free of the teeth or rollers
on the partial star wheel until a change is required, which catch is raised
by a lifter having as many lifts as there are teeth or rollers in the star
wheel, and fixed either to the wheel or shaft in such a position that the catch
can only be raised, and the star wheel set free, when there is no possibility of
contact.

page_text: Secondly, in the employment of toothed wheels in which the boss and the
rim are in separate parts, the boss being formed with recesses containing
springs or any yielding material in contact with projections on the rim so that
when any undue shock is given to the teeth, the boss slightly yields and
prevents the breakage that might otherwise occur, which improved gearing
may be advantageously applied not only to spinning machinery but to other
purposes, such as looms, mill work, and machinery in general.
IMPROVING FALSE SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1859.
I, JAMES BROWN, of No. 8, Exeter Place, Walham Green, in the County
of Middlesex, Shirt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVING FALSE SHIRT FRONTS," to be as follows:-
The addition or adoption of arm-holes and a back or demi-back to false shirt
fronts, the same confined to the waist or shape by elastic or other band or bands,
rendering the use of strings or other fastenings unnecessary, except buttons or
other fastenings to the collar-band, thus preventing the false shirt front from
removing from its proper place, and giving to false shirt fronts all the
appearance of a real shirt front.
THE MANUFACTURE OF MILITARY SASH NET, AND MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Curtis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1859.
I, JAMES CURTIS, of Drury Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF MILITARY
SASH NET, AND MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to the manufacture of an improved net,
from which the various descriptions of regulation military sashes are made by
machinery, in place of by hand as hitherto, consists in causing the threads of
silk, bullion, or otherwise, to be arranged longitudinally side by side to the
required width for forming the sash, and separately attached through the inter-
vention of headles and looped harness to a vertical standard frame, a shifting
bar and tappet action being employed for giving an alternating movement to
the threads or warp during the elevation and depression of the headles, and
consequent opening of the shed, by which arrangement a continuous over-
lapping of the threads or warp is obtained, and the net or fabric produced, the
texture thereof being formed and regulated by the introduction of a wire of
the requisite thickness between each shed, and the striking up of the work
effected in like manner by means of hand laths or beaters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ALKALINE SILICATES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION THEREFROM OF LIQUOR SILICIS OR LIQUID FLINT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1859.
1, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ALKALINE SILICATES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION THEREFROM
OF LIQUOR SILICIS OR LIQUID FLINT," to be as follows:-
In tho ordinary manufacture of such alkaline silicates as are soluble in
water (which are known as soluble glass) it is customary to melt together
siliceous sand or flints with carbonate of potash or carbonate of soda, using
such alkaline carbonates as are commonly met with in commerce.
These alkaline carbonates always contain a portion of sulphate of potash or
sulphate of soda, which becoming decomposed in the operation produces sul-
phuret of potassium or sulphuret of sodium, and this being mixed with the
soluble glass produced, occasions the presence of alkaline sulphuret in the
solution or "liquid flint " obtained from such soluble glass.
My Invention consists, firstly, in using in the manufacture of such glass
carbonato of potash or carbonate of soda which has been previously deprived
or nearly deprived of sulphate of potash or sulphate of soda, and I thereby
obtain soluble glass of such quality that the solution or "liquid flint" pro-
duced from it is free or nearly free from alkaline sulphuret.
My Invention consists secondly, in purifying "liquid flint" made from
soluble glass so as to destroy or neutralize such alkaline sulphuret as may be

page_text: present therein, I effect such purification by means of oxidising agents, such
as chlorine or oxygen so applied as to oxidize the alkaline sulphuret which
may be present in "liquid flint," and thereby render it no longer hurtful in
the useful application of such liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES, ALSO APPLI- CABLE TO LADDERS, PORTABLE SCAFFOLDING, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Watson Savage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1859.
I, ROBERT WATSON SAVAGE, of 15, Saint James' Square, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Alarum Bedstead Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES, ALSO APPLI-
CABLE TO LADDERS, PORTABLE SCAFFOLDING, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
I construct tubes so that one end shall fit into a socket at the end of another
tube of wood, iron, or other material, and the other end shall have a socket
into which a similar end of another such tube may be pushed or placed; the
two tubes to be secured together by a pin, stud, screw, or other suitable
arrangement. These tubes may also be provided with cross pieces, some having
greater projection on the right and others on the left; and when a number of
these tubes are fitted together so as to form one long tube or pole, then one end
thereof is to have a long cross piece with wheels, which could be effected by
one of these tubes being so provided; and this cross piece will form a bearing
or rest against the building or place where this Invention is adopted.
Instead of the cross pieces projecting right and left, there might be two of
these series of connected poles placed side by side, with rounds or step pieces
fitted and secured between them, thus forming a ladder. To the series of tubes
thus put together, a rope and bag may be secured by a pulley, and thus a com-
plete fire escape obtained, or, with other adjuncts, the same will form a portable
scaffold or trussels for the use of builders and others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COAL GAS, AND IN UTILIZING COMPOUNDS OBTAINED IN PURIFYING COAL GAS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wrightson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1859.
I, FRANCIS WRIGHTSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Professor of Chemistry in Sydenham College, Birmingham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COAL GAS, AND
IN UTILIZING COMPOUNDS OBTAINED IN PURIFYING COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in purifying coal gas consist as follows:-I absorb the
ammonia and the sulphuretted hydrogen from the gas by means of persalt of
iron, made and prepared as herein-after explained, mixed with the solid
matter of such sewage as contains sulphuret of iron and carbonaceous matter,
in addition to other porous matter, such as sawdust.
The sewage of Birmingham, and other manufacturing towns, contains-
sulphuret of iron in sufficient quantity. I absorb ammonia from the gas by
the use of gypsum dissolved or partly dissolved in sulphuric acid. Also, by the
use of phosphate of lime, sulphuric acid, and sulphate of magnesia combined,
whereby the ammonia phosphate of magnesia, valuable as a manure, is obtained.
I also use for absorbing the ammonia gelatinous silicic acid, alone or in com-
bination. I obtain gelatinous silicic acid and hydrated sulphate of lime from
the slag of blast furnaces by the action of mineral acids, and I obtain hydrated
sulphate of lime by the action of sulphuric acid upon alkali waste.
In utilizing compounds obtained in purifying coal gas, I distil sulphur from
the residual product obtained in the said purification, called ochre waste;
I

page_text: afterwards treat the residuum with mineral acid, adding peroxide of manganese to
peroxidize the iron when necessary. I thereby obtain persalt of iron to be
used for gas purifying. After use, the ammoniacal salts are extracted by means
of water, and the residuum is boiled with milk of lime; peroxide of iron is
thereby obtained in the solid form, and the cyanogen compounds in solution.
The peroxide of iron is in a suitable state for purifying gas.