Improvements in the Manufacture of Picks, Hammers, and similar Tools, and Securing the same to their Shafts.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Picks, Hammers, and
similar Tools, and Securing the same to their Shafts.
I, JOHN WILLIS of the Specialty Works Attercliffe Sheffield in the County of
York Steel Manufacturer trading under the style or firm of John Willis & Co do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PICKS HAMMERS AND SIMILAR TOOLS AND SECURING THE SAME TO
THEIR SHAFTS to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to secure Pick Blades, Hammer Heads, Quarrying,
Mining, Contractors and Blacksmiths Tools, Stamps, Hatchets, Adzes and similar
Tools more firmly to their shafts by means of a Shaft Head and to adapt such shaft
head and Tools so that a series or set of various kinds and sizes of Tools may be
worked by one Shaft; each Tool replaced in turn as desirable.
To effect this the Pick Blades, Haniner Heads and similar tools are made solid
and without an eye as now generally made. By preference these Tools are made
of round steel though other sections may be used.
Hatchets, Adzes and similar Tools at the Tang end may be forged or formed
hollow in strong tube or pipe shape instead of having an eye or solid tang.
The shaft head consists of what may be described as the Socket, the Clam or Clip
and the eye. By preference I suggest making this a malleable iron or steel casting
though it may be flyed out and bent or forged from rolled steel.
The wooden shaft is shaped for and driven into the socket of the Shaft head and
by Wedges and a Pin securely and permanently fastened therein.
The eye of the Shaft-head is the size and shape of the Tool it has to contain
and is at the extreme end from the wooden shaft.
The Clam or Clip is formed by a groove or slot in each edge of the Shaft head
in conjunction with the eye.
The Pick Blade Hammer-head or other Tool required is placed within the eye of
the Shaft head and is then secured by means of a bolt or screw through the clam
which contracts the eye around the Tool inserted.
The Tool may be further secured by turning or forging to a smaller diameter so
much of the same as shall be enclosed within the eye of the shaft head thus leaving
a shoulder or collar on each side of the eye. The eye is contracted by bolting
or screwing the clam; and the ends thereof have a bearing on the shoulders of
the tool.

page_text: The shaft head may also be made however with a solid eye that is without the
slot forming the Clam above referred to and the Tools may then be secured in their
position by any of the following means.
(a.) When it is intended to fix the Tool in the Shaft Head permanently, the eye
of the Shaft-head is heated and the Tool is inserted therein. The eye contracts
in cooling and shrinks on the Tool thereby holding the same securely.
(b.) By welding, contracting or otherwise forming a threaded shoulder or collar
round the middle of the Tool a little longer than the Shaft Head Eye which is
tapped in keeping therewith. The tool is then screwed into the eye and a nut may
then be screwed on to the ends of the shoulders which project beyond the eye.
(c.) By means of a wedge driven in a groove formed in the Tool side and the
Shaft Head adjacent thereto.
(d.) By means of a set-screw through any part of the shaft eye pressing against
the Tool inserted therein.
(e.) By splitting the eye of the Shaft head making it into a Split ring or Spring.
This method is more applicable to small Tools.

page_text: i
Improvements in the Manufacture of Picks, Hammers, and
similar Tools, and Securing the same to their Shafts.
I, JOHN WILLIS of the Specialty Works Attercliffe, Sheffield in the County of
York, Steel Manufacturer, trading under the style or firm of John Willis & Co do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PICKS, HAMMERS AND SIMILAR TOOLS AND SECURING THE SAME TO
THEIR SHAFTS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my Invention is to secure Pick blades Hammer Heads, Quarrying,
Mining, Contractors and Blacksmith's Tools, Stamps Hatchets, Adzes and similar
Tools inore firmly to their shafts by means of a shaft head and to adapt such shaft
head and Tools so that a series or set of various kinds and sizes of Tools may be.
worked at each or either end by one shaft without reversing the position of the
Tools in the Socket each Tool being replaced in turn as desirable.
To effect this the Pick blades, Hammer hea 3 & similar Tools are made solid and
without an eye as now generally made and so much of the same as are fitted
within the sockets of shaftheads are made of an even diameter without any
tapering as used in some Pick blades.
By preference these Tools are made of round steel though other sections may
be used.
Hatchets, Adzes and similar Tools at the Tang end may be forged or formed.
hollow in strong tube or pipe shape instead of having an eye or solid tang.
The shaft head consists of what may be described as the socket, the Clam or Clip
and the eye: By preference I suggest making this a malleable iron or steel casting.
though it may be flyed out and beat or forged from rolled steel.
The wooden shaft is shaped for and driven into the Socket of the shaft .head
and by Wedges and a Pin securely and permanently fastened therein.
The eye of the Shaft head is the size and shape of the Tools it has to contain
and is at the extreme end from the wooden shaft.
The Clam or Clip is formed by preference by a groove or slot in each edge of the
shaft head in conjunction with the eye.
The Pick Blade, Hammer head or other Tool required is placed within the eye
of the shaft head & is then secured by means of a bolt or screw through the Clam
which contracts the eye around the Tool inserted.
The tool may be further secured by turning or forging to a smaller diameter so
much of the same as shall be enclosed within the eye of the shaft head thus leaving
a shoulder or collar on each side of the eye. The eye is contracted by bolting
or screwing the Clam & the ends thereof have a bearing on the shoulders of the
Tool.
The Shafthead may also be made however with a solid eye that is without the
Slot forming the Clam above referred to and the Tools may then be secured in their
position by any of the following means.
(a.) When it is intended to fix the Tool in the shafthead permanently the eye
of the shafthead is heated and the Tool is inserted therein the eye contracts in.

page_text: cooling and shrinks on the Tool thereby holding the same securely a wedge may
then be driven in a groove formed across the Tool and in the shafthead adjacent
thereto.
(b.) By threading the eye of the shafthead and screwing therein the Tool. The
Tool is reduced in diameter at each end of the eye to admit of two nuts being
screwed thereon which nuts form shoulders and fit to each end of the eye.
(c.) By means of a wedge driven in a groove formed across the Tool & the
shaft head adjacent thereto.
The figures in the accompanying drawings shew the Pick and the inodes of
securing the Tools as above described. It will be observed that the drawings
illustrate the Invention with regard to Picks only but the mode of securing the
Pick blade is the same for any other Tool.
Figures I. III. V and VII are longitudinal sections and figures II. IV. VI
and VIII are side elevations of the Pick.
Figures I and II shew the blade (a) secured by a bolt or screw (b) through the
Clam (c).
Figures III and IV shew the blade secured by turning or forging to a smaller
diameter so much of the same as in enclosed within the eye of the Shaft and by
contracting the eye by bolting or screwing the clams.
Figure V. VI. VII and VIII shew the solid eye, without the slot forming the
clain above referred to.
In figures V and VI the eye after it is expanded by heat receives the Tool.
Upon becoming cold it contracts on the Tool which is then further secured by the
wedge (d) which is driven through a groove formed across the tool & the shafthead
adjacent thereto.
In Figures VII and VIII the Pickblade is screwed into the eye. The nuts (e)
are screwed on the blade close up to the ends of the eye of the shaft.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim are
(1.) The construction of an improved shafthead or socket and Pickblade by
which the latter may be secured to the former so that each or either end of the
blade may be used without reversing the position of the blades as now obtains in
some constructions.
(2.) The méthod of securing as substantially above described, the blade or other
Tool in the shaft.
(3.) The further application of the Invention to Hammers and other similar
Tools.
Tth th do. of N 1007