IMPROVEMENTS IN DECK FITTINGS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS ADAPTED FOR CARRYING CATTLE AND LIVE STOCK
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Godfrey Josiah Rudolf, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the
County of Lancaster, Master Mariner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DECK FITTINGS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS ADAPTED FOR CARRYING CATTLE
AND LIVE STOCK."
Sealed the 13th September 1878, and dated the 14th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Godfrey Josiah Rudolf at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1878.
GODFREY JOSIAH RUDOLF, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster,
Master Mariner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DECK FITTINGS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
ADAPTED FOR CARRYING CATTLE AND LIVE STOCK."
The object of this Invention is to so construct 'tween deck fittings of ships and
vessels that cattle and live quadrupeds may be carried safely; that the space shall
be fully utilized; the animals shall not be liable to be injured or damaged by being
thrown about or bumped by the motion of the ship or vessel; and that when the
cattle or live stock are removed the space may be easily and quickly cleared for
receiving cargo.
In carrying my Invention into practice I place the said cattle or live stock close
together side by side, in rows, with their sterns or buttocks resting against or near
to the side of the ship or vessel, or against or near to a bulkhead or partition, and I
maintain them in position by securing stanchions, standards, or their equivalents
(hereafter referred to), which pass down each side of the neck or front shoulders of each
beast, and also down each side near the sterns or buttocks of each beast. The said
securing stanchions, standards, or their equivalents, made of wood, metal, or other
material, usually made of wood with metal fittings, are secured to the upper and
lower decks in such manner that they may be easily and quickly applied and
removed.
I prefer that one end of each of the securing stanchions, standards, or their
equivalents should be secured to the upper deck by a hook and eye, hinge, or other

page_text: suitable attachment, and that the other end of each such stanchion, standard, or
equivalent should be secured to the lower deck by like moans, or preferably by
being fitted into a groove or channel and being secured therein by a chock or wedge
piece.
The stanchions, standards, or their equivalents which pass down at each side of the
necks of the animals are preferably secured at their lower ends by means of
rings and pins to a rail or bar which is placed or secured in front of the cattle
or live stock, and against which a feeding trough or feeding troughs rest.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings illustrates one method of carrying my im-
provements into effect.
Fig. 1 is a longitudiual section; Fig. 2, a transverse section; and Fig. 3, a
sectional plan of so much of a ship or vessel as is necessary to show my improve-
ments.
1 is the upper deck; 2 is the lower deck; 3, sides of ship or vessel; 4, 5, 6,
stanchions or standards made of wood, and all secured to the upper deck by hooks 7
which take into eyes 8 screwed into or otherwise attached to the said upper deck.
If preferred hinges might be used instead of the hooks and eyes, or the ends of the
stanchions or standards might fit into or around holes or projections in or on the said
upper deck. The lower ends of the front stanchions or standards which pass down
at each side of the necks of the animals are secured to the rail 9 by the rings 10
which pass over the eye bolts 11. The stanchions or standards 5 which pass down
at or near the sterns or buttocks of the animals, as well as the intermediate posts 6,
which may be used if desired, are secured by their lower ends sliding into the
channels or grooves 12, and are held there in position by the chocks or wedge
pieces 13; 14, feeding trough divided into compartments and provided with lid 15;
16, passage between the rows of cattle or live stock.
The essential feature of novelty in this Invention consists in employing the
movable stanchions, standards, or their equivalents which pass down each side of the
neck of the animals in combination with the movable standards, stanchions, or their
equivalents which pass down each side of the animals near their sterns or buttocks,
so that the said animals are free to stand up and lie down, no ropes or like appliances
being used for tying up the animals, and no space being wasted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Godfrey Josiah Rudolf in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th September 1878.
GODFREY JOSIAH RUDOLF, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster,
Master Mariner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DECK FITTINGS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
ADAPTED FOR CARRYING CATTLE AND LIVE STOCK,"
The object of this Invention is to so construct 'tween deck fittings of ships and
vessels that cattle and live quadrupeds may be carried safely; that the space shall
be fully utilized; the animals shall not be liable to be injured or damaged by being
thrown about or bumped by the motion of the ship or vessel; and that when the
cattle or live stock are removed the space may be easily and quickly cleared for
receiving cargo.
In carrying my Invention into practice I place the said cattle or live stock
close together side by side, in rows, with their sterns or buttocks resting against
or near to the side of the ship or vessel, or against or near to a bulkhead or
partition, and I maintain them in position by securing stanchions, standards,
or their equivalents, which pass down each side of the neck or front shoulders
of each beast, and also down each side near the sterns or buttocks of each.
beast.
The said securing stanchions, standards, or their equivalents, made of
wood, metal, or other material, usually made of wood with metal fittings; are
secured to the upper and lower decks in such manner that they may be easily
and quickly applied and removed.
I prefer that one end of each of the securing stanchions, standards, or their
equivalents should be secured to the upper deck by a hook and eye, hinge, or other
suitable attachment, and that the other end of each such stanchion, standard, or
equivalent should be secured to the lower deck by like means, or preferably by
being fitted into a groove or channel, and by being secured therein by a chock or
wedge piece.
The stanchions, standards, or their equivalents, which pass down at each side of
the necks of the animals, are preferably secured at their lower ends by means of
rings and pins to a rail or bar which is placed or secured in front of the cattle or
live stock, and against which a feeding trough or feeding troughs rest.

page_text: animals cannot move about so as to injure each other; the animals are free to stand
up or lie down, and can be easily fed and attended to.
The space used in conveying cattle and live stock can be utilized for carrying
cargo by removal of the stanchions or securing agents. The animals can be easily
removed and placed in position one by one without unnecessary labour. The decks
are left free for the circulation of air for ventilation.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I claim,-
First. Securing cattle and live stock on ship board by means of adjustable neck
posts, standards, or their equivalents, in combination with adjustable side and inter-
mediate posts, standards, or their equivalents, substantially as set forth.
Second. The construction and arrangement of posts, standards, or their equivalents,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of deck fittings,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Godfrey Josiah Rudolf, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
4, Clayton Sq.,
Liverpool.
GODFREY JOSIAH RUDOLF. (L.S.)