IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND WORKING STONE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CUTTING, DRESSING, AND WORKING STONE."-A communication from
abroad by Thomas W. Baxter, of Chicago, in the State of Illinois,
United States of America.
Sealed the 15th August 1871, and dated the 1st June 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st June 1871.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND WORKING STONE," to be as follows:—

page_text: face of a rotating stock for the purpose of cutting, dressing, or otherwise
working stone to reduce it to any given surface.
For this purpose the Invention consists, first, in machinery for dressing
or facing stone by a diamond or equivalent cutter, one or more, mounted
on a rotating stock so combined with mechanism for imparting a longi-
tudinal feeding motion given either to the carriage which carries the
stone to be dressed, or as the equivalent thereof, to the rotating stock,
so that the stone by the combined operation of the feeding motion and
the rotation of the stock, so armed, shall have the whole or a con-
siderable portion of its width acted upon and along its length.
Second. In the arrangement of the diamonds or equivalent cutters
upon a rotating stock in such a manner that the cut or track of each of
the said cutters shall be immediately adjacent to or slightly lapping the
cut of another of said cutters in order that a smooth cut of considerable
width and of any given profile may be produced by the successive cuts
of the said cutter as described.
Third. In making the said cutters individually adjustable so that the
depth that each shall cut as well as the lateral position of each in the
aggregate cut made may be regulated at will.
Fourth. In a chuck or holder for gripping and firmly bolding the
diamond or equivalent cutter as a means of combining it with a rotating
stock.
Fifth. In a combination with a holder or chuck and the rotating
stock means by which the adjustment of the cutting edge or diamonds
or equivalents may be readily effected.
Sixth. In the combination in a series of two or more of such rotating
stocks, each armed with a series of such cutters as described, whereby
the width of the aggregate cut or the depth thereof, or both, may be
increased at pleasure.
Seventh. In so mounting each of said stocks that each may be
individually adjustable to regulate the form and extent of the aggregate
cut at will.
Eighth. And in the combination of such stock or series of stocks
armed with diamond or equivalent cutter or cutters, slides, and adjusting
devices to hold and move the said stocks laterally and towards or from
the stone to be operated upon.

page_text: The stocks may be formed of rings or of discs with hollow or solid
conical faces, and to facilitate the mounting on these stocks of the
adjustable cutters there may be formed upon their face or periphery ribs
arranged helically or conoidally to receive the tool holders. The ring
stocks or the ribs on the stocks are slotted to receive the tool holders or
chucks which are held in place by clamping nuts and are capable of
lateral adjustment by a transverse screw passing through the stock
or rib and through the tool holder, and fitted with clamping nuts at its
opposite ends. The socket end of the tool holder is split that it may
grip the diamond or other cutter, and it is made conical and threaded
to receive a tightening nut. The mechanism used for adjusting the
stocks to their work and for traversing the stocks over the work, or for
traversing the work under or past the rotating stocks is similar to that
employed in planing, grooving, and shaping machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence
that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent: Newton, .
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND WORKING. STONE,!"

page_text: being a communication to me from abroad by Thomas W. Baxter,
of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :-
This Invention relates to the use of a series of cutting points or tools
of diamond or equivalent hard natural substance set in the periphery or
face of a rotating stock for the purpose of cutting, dressing, or otherwise
working stone to reduce it to any given surface.
For dressing or facing stone the diamond or equivalent cutters are
mounted on a rotating stock so combined with mechanism for imparting
a longitudinal feeding motion given either to the carriage which carries
the stone to be dressed or as the equivalent therefor to the rotating stock,
that the stone by the combined operation of the feeding motion and the
rotation of the stock so armed shall have the whole or a considerable
portion of its width acted upon and along its length.
The diamonds or equivalent cutters are arranged upon a rotating stock
in such a manner that the cut or truck of each of the said cutters shall
be immediately adjacent to or slightly lapping the cut of another of said
cutters, in order that a smooth cut of considerable width and of any
given profile may be produced by the successive cuts of the said cutter
as described.
The cutters are made individually adjustable, so that the depth that
each shall cut as well as the lateral position of each in the aggregate cut
13

page_text: A peculiar construction of chuck or holder is employed for gripping
and firmly holding the diamond or equivalent cutter, and permitting of
the facile and exact adjustment of the same in the rotating stock.
A series of two or more of such rotating stocks, each armed with a
series of such cutters as described, whereby the width of the aggregate
cut or the depth thereof, or both may be increased at pleasure.
In so mounting each of said stocks that each may be individually
adjustable to regulate the form and extent of the aggregate cut at will.
And in the combination of such stock or series of stocks armed with
diamond or equivalent cutter or cutters, slides, and adjusting devices to
hold and move the said stocks laterally and towards or from the stone to
be operated upon.
The accompanying Drawings represent a machine which embodies
the Invention, and in which it is preferred to use cutters of the material
variously known as diamond," “black diamond,"
65 carbon," "car-
bonate," and "boart" (bort).
In Sheet I. of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a planer or
machine for cutting and dressing stone, the stocks being mounted on
horizontal spindles and the chucks or tool holders and cutters being
omitted as the Drawing is on too small a scale to show them distinctly;
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is a side elevation on a
larger scale of the stocks shown in Figures 1 and 2, and their individual
adjusting slides; Fig. 4 is an edge view on the same scale as Fig. 3 of
one of the stocks, showing the relative positions of the holes or slots for
receiving the tool holders or chucks, and indicating by the small crosses
therein the positions of the cutters with relation to each other, the dotted
crosses indicating their position on the opposite side of the circum-
ference; Figures 5 and 6 are side views in detail shewing the cutter
holder or chuck full size; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the rod by which
the said chuck is adjusted laterally across the face of the stock; Fig. 8
is a side elevation in detail of the screw by which the rod (Fig. 7) is
fastened in the chuck (Figures 5 and 6).
In Sheet II., Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, shew different ways of
setting the stocks with reference to each other when more than one
stock is used; Fig. 13 is a front or edge view of the stock, showing the
diamonds or cutters set in three diagonal or helical lines across its face;

page_text: Fig. 14 is a face view of a disc having four radial lines of diamonds or
equivalent cutters set in its face or side; Fig. 15 is an edge view of the
same shewing the relative projection of the cutters.
In the three last-mentioned Figures, and also in Figures 18 and 19,
the diamonds are represented as set in the solid metal of the stock, but
adjustable holders or chucks are preferred; Fig. 16 is a face view of a
stock so constructed that it may be mounted in the lower end of a
vertical spindle, and rotated in a plane parallel to the surface to be cut;
Fig. 17 is an edge view of the same; Fig. 18 is a plan of the machine
for cutting stone, to which the stocks (Figures 16 and 17) are adapted
and attached, also shewing the stone and the manner in which the
cutters operate upon it; Fig. 19 is a side elevation of the same;
Fig. 20 is an elevation of a stock so constructed that a greater number
of overlapping series of diamond or other equivalent cutters can be
mounted on one stock than with the arrangement represented in Fig. 4,
and at the same time admit of each cutter having an independent
lateral as well as radial adjustment whereby a cut may be made of
any desired width with a single stock; Fig. 21 is an end view of the

page_text: and through a hole f in the flat part of the chuck and secured by
means of a screw C¹ which is tapped in a central hole g in the
body of the chuck, and bears against a notch h in the rod C. A
nut i fitted to the inner end of the stem is now screwed up against
the inner periphery of the stock so that the chuck is firmly held in
the stock by the two nuts and which embrace it. By means of
the nuts and k on the rod C the lateral position of each cutter in
the aggregrate cut made by each stock is regulated while the distance
each diamond projects outward from the stock is regulated by the
nuts and l. The stems A of the chucks are arranged in the stock B
in a helical or stepped line as indicated by the crosses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, &c.,
Figures 4, 16, and 20. By this arrangement each cutter cuts its track
in the stone immediately adjoining the track cut by the preceding
cutter, whereby the whole cut is made of considerable width and very
smooth and true, the cuttings and dust from the stone may be washed
off by a jet of water. When it is desired to set more than one complete
series of adjustable chucks armed with diamonds in the periphery of
a cylindrical stock I form ribs or raised portions B¹ (Figures 20 and 21)
on the said periphery through which the stems of the chucks are
inserted, the rod C for obtaining lateral adjustment in this case pro-
jecting out through the sides of the ribs. By this construction I am
enabled to make a much wider cut with a stock of any given diameter
than when the chucks are set as shewn in Figures 3 and 4. The stock
shewn in Figures 20 and 21 consists of a cylindrical ring B having
the projecting helical ribs B¹ raised on its periphery and the ends or
heads P, P, with inward projecting hubs shown by dotted lines at 6¹.
A portion of these heads extends into the ring, holding it central with
the spindle on which they are mounted, while a nut on the spindle at
each end of the stock serves to hold the whole firmly together, and in
place as well as to adjust the position of the head on the spindle, thus
providing a means of lateral adjustment of the stock as a whole without
moving the spindle lengthwise. The same mode of forming the stock
with projecting ribs and setting the chucks therein may be also applied
to the stock when made of the wheel or disc form as shewn in Figures 16
and 17 at B. In Figures 18 and 19 the stone to be operated upon is
shewn at O, and the form of the cut when the wheel or disc shaped
stocks are used at y. In using two or more stocks set or mounted on
vertical spindles as here shewn each following stock should be set

page_text: lower than the preceding one a distance equal to the depth of its cut.
The cut may be made wider by each succeeding stock of the series by
setting the stocks as indicated in Fig. 12. Or they may be set as in
Fig. 11, making each succeeding track or cut deeper. Or the cut may
be made both wider and deeper by setting them as indicated in Figures 9
and 10. In these four last-mentioned Figures a series of three stocks
is indicated by the rectangles I, II., III. In Fig. 3 each stock is
designed to have twelve cutters attached to it, although but four are
shewn, and all of these in one stock, the number may however both in
this form of stock and also in the forms shewn in Figures 16 and 20 be
varied at the will of the constructor. The stock B, Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4, is mounted upon a spindle D, which is hung or mounted on the
adjustable pivots E, E, and driven by a belt which runs on the pulley F.
The pivots E, E, being adjustable provide a means for the individual
lateral adjustment of each stock as a whole; G is a flat plate having
brackets m, m, projecting downwards from it, in which brackets the
screw pivots E, E, are tapped. In Figures 18 and 19 the plate G has
instead of the brackets m, m, brackets or bearings E' projecting from
it in which the vertical spindle D is mounted. This spindle is driven
by a belt running on the pulley F. The plate G is pivotted on the
bolt n, and is secured at any desired angle by the bolt o, whereby angular
adjustment of the stock is obtained. These bolts fasten the plate G
to the vertical slide H which is mounted on the dovetailed guide p, and
is adjusted vertically by the screw q. A horizontal dovetailed groove
in the frame I fits it to slide on the horizontal guide bar or cross head J,
Figures 1 and 2; K is the bed of the machine. A table L for carrying
the stone to be dressed is mounted on ways or guides 8, and has a re-
ciprocating rectilinear motion imparted to it by any suitable mechanism
to give the required feed motion. Two posts or side pieces M are bolted
to the bed K and are tied together at the top by a beam or cap N. The
frame I, which carries the rotating stocks B, is moved laterally across
the machine, on the guide bar or cross head J by the screw t. The
guide bar J is moved up and down by the right and left hand screws u
and 0, which are connected together and caused to turn equally by the
shaft w, and bevilled gears x, x. By the arrangement of the diamond
on each stroke in such a manner that the cut of each one in the series
shall be immediately adjacent to or shall slightly overlap the cut of
another of the said cutters an aggregate cut of considerable width may

page_text: be obtained while by the individual adjustment of each as herein above
described, the desired surface can be obtained. Without this adjustability
a cutter which is somewhat shorter or longer, or which is set a little
nearer the centre of the stock, or a little farther from it than those
which precede and follow it will either not cut at all or will leave a
ridge on the surface of the stone, or it will cut too deep and in either
case the work produced will be less in quantity, and poorer in quality
than that done by a machine capable of such adjustment.
In using the form of stock shown in Figures 1 and 20, the first cutter
of each series may be set down a short distance nearer the centre of the
stock than the rest, the next a little further out, and so on, until the
third or fourth is brought out on a line with the remainder. By this
means the "shoulder," which would otherwise be formed on the stone
by the cut, will be converted into a curve or slope, and all danger of the
holder or chuck striking the stone will be thus avoided. It is evident
that the cutters may be so set as to form a curved surface, or so as to
form mouldings, grooves, ribs, or bevelled surfaces, as may be desired.
When diamond or "boart" is used the cutters may be "shaped" to
suit the work, or pieces may be selected of suitable form and size and
used without grinding or cutting them.
It is evident that the mechanism herein-above described may be varied
by the substitution of equivalents without departing from the character
of the Invention. Instead of making the rotating stocks in the forms
shewn they may be of any other suitable form according to the work
required to be produced, the cross section being of the form or approxi-
mating to the cross section of the surface of the stone when dressed,
such, for instance, as mouldings, columns, or such other figures which
are very different from flat surfaces, and even for producing flat surfaces
the cutters may be arranged on the surface of a conical stock or on
the face of a flat disc; but in the latter plan the cutters which are
farthest from the axis of rotation should be the nearest to the surface
of the disc, and gradually further from the face as they are placed nearer
the centre, as represented in Figures 14 and 15 of the accompanying
Drawings, or the diamonds may be set on the periphery of a wheel stock,
as represented in Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19, in which case the block
of stone must be moved to give the feed motion in the direction of the
arrow, that is, in a plane parallel with the under face of the wheel, and

page_text: means substantially as described for adjusting the diamonds relatively.
to each other, substantially as described.
Third. The arrangement in a series of two or more of stocks, each
armed with a series of cutters, substantially as described, each stock
being independently adjustable in the manner described, so as to regulate
the form and extent of the aggregate cut of all the stocks, substantially
as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.