IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND HOT-AIR STOVES, FIRE-PLACES IN DWELLINGS, AND HOT-AIR APPARATUSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of 20, Maze Pond, Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
COOKING AND HOT-AIR STOVES, FIRE-PLACES IN DWELLINGS, AND HOT-AIR
APPARATUSES."
Sealed the 23rd December 1878, and dated the 1st November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1873.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of 20, Maze Pond, Southwark, in the County of
5 Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
NENTS IN COOKING AND HOT-AIR STOVES, FIRE-PLACES IN DWELLINGS, AND HOT-AIR
APPARATUSES," to be as follows:--
This Invention of improvements possesses improvements in cooking

page_text: tion, but I describe the same to shew the different parts and how they
may be applied to complete one apparatus for cooking or warming.
First I elevate the cooking oven or ovens so that the first oven
bottom stands on a level with the hot plate either at its end or side, the
hot plate being fixed over the fire containing any required number of
openings at the top fitted with movable lids so that the cooking utensils
are fixed into the openings or stands over the same, and I place a
movable or a stationary boiler for boiling water either at the side or at
the end of the oven; if the boiler be a stationary one for boiling water it
forms one side or end of the oven. The fire-plate is an open one for
burning coal, coke, turf, or the same may be closed up with a movable
plate or with doors attached to the front so that gas, mineral, or
vegetable oils may be burnt for cooking or warming purposes, small air
openings being fixed in the door or doors to admit air to complete com-
bustion; or the gas light or mineral oil light may be open to view at
the front end of the hot plate. When used as an open fire a small
portion of the hot plate in front is made to lift up when required to
reflect the heat from the fire on to the hearth.
The heated products of combustion acts first on the under side of the
hot plate, passing under the hot water boiler, then under the bottom of
the oven rising up its side or end, then into the flue of the chimney, or
it may pass over the top of the oven and then into the chimney flue;
the oven being elevated allows one or more hot-air chambers to be fixed
underneath betwixt the floor and the under side of the hot-air tube
formed under the oven, the stove standing on feet.
I utilize the heated products of combustion after heating the oven by
conducting them into a pipe, and I place thereon a number of sectional
hot-air chambers containing an opening in the centre on the under side
and one on the top side of the sectional hot-air chamber; fixed in its
centre is a horizontal metal plate which divides the sectional hot-air
chamber, having openings at each end of the metal plate to the top side
of the sectional hot-air chamber. Any required number of these
sectional hot-air chambers may be fitted one into another, and in the
centre of each horizontal metal plate fixed in the sectional hot-air
chamber is an opening, and the central opening in the plate is fitted
with a movable lid, the opening being large enough for a man to get

page_text: through, so that when they are fixed within the chimney breast, or a
place where it is not convenient to take them down to clean, or to clean
them out through small doors fixed on the side of each sectional hot-air
chamber, such as being fixed within the chimney breast of a drawing
room, then a man may ascend straight up the chimney by moving one
lid after the other from each opening on to one side of the horizontal
plate, so that a sweeping machine may be employed to sweep the upper
part of the chimney; the sectional hot-air chambers are then cleared out
and the centre lids are again put into their place by the sweep so that
the heated products of combustion enter the centre opening at the under
side of the sectional hot-air chamber and become divided, passing over
the under side of the horizontal metal plate through the openings at
each end and over and betwixt the metal plate and the outer casing of
the sectional hot-air chamber so that the products of combustion
which becomes divided on the under side of the metal plate again
meet and unite in leaving and entering the next sectional hot-air
chamber, and in this manner the products of combustion pass through
any required number of sectional hot-air chambers; or the products of
combustion may travel in a serpentine form; but it is preferable in
large sectional hot-air chambers to have them so that a man can ascend
them. The sectional hot-air chambers are stayed one to another with
iron to keep them firm. In this manner the heated products of com-
bustion are spread over a large area of heating surface, and such may be
affixed to all stoves or ordinary chimney flues.
In drawing rooms the sectional hot-air chamber may be open to view
in the room by being ornamented, but if enclosed within the chimney
breast sweet pure cold air may be admitted from without, and in passing
upwards within the chimney breast becomes heated and enters the room
as warm and near the top of the room. Or I fix on the top of the stove
pipe or stove a chamber of any required area which is supported by
resting on the top of the stove or upon feet, or pillars, according to
requirements. The top side of the chamber contains any required number
of holes from one inch to several inches in diameter, and into or on to
the top of these holes are fixed any required number of metal pipes or
tubes of equal length, and a chamber containing the same number of
holes is fixed on the top side of the chamber as on the under side, so that
the tubes or pipes and chambers are firmly bolted together by iron bars
tubed round, showing pillars to support the top chamber; the joints are

page_text: self-made or with a ring; the top side of the chamber answers as a
collecting flue to conduct the heated products of combustion into
chimney flue, or even other pipes or tubes might if desired fit into the
top side of the top chamber, and extend any required height in large
rooms or in the chimney flue, so that the heated products of combustion
from cooking, hot air stoves or furnaces of any kind which gives out heat
from coal, coke, turf, gas, mineral, or vegetable oils may be utilised, the
object being to cause the heated air to spread over a great area of heating
surface in passing up the pipes or tubes into the top chamber to be
carried off into the chimney, this causes a large quantity of heat to be
given off into the room, and as the pipe or tube ends are turned up to
The lid
make a joint, the smoke is prevented from entering the room.
or cover of the top chamber is easily removed, also a metal plate is fixed
under the top chamber cover which is better finished, so that the pipes
or tubes are easily cleaned out when required, and this may be fixed to
all stoves or stove grates in rooms or ships' cabins, such being made any
form to suit what it is fixed over.
In making a new stove with these improvements these small pipes or
tubes are fixed round a large metal pipe or tube that extends from just
over the fire to the top side of the chamber, and is fitted with a separate
lid or cover so that the fire is fed with coal from the top of the stove
down the centre pipe or tube which may be made any required diameter,
which answers as a store for the coal or fuel to self feed the fire as it
burns away, which may require to be fed once a day. In this case the
metal plate and cover for the hot-air tubes may be made in halves to fit
round the centre tube or pipe which feeds the fire, and the pipes or
tubes are made any required length. Or if much cooking is required I
fix two ovens at the end or side of the hot plate one over the other, and
on the top side of the top oven openings with lids for keeping anything
warm may be placed, and at the under side of the bottom oven extending
up to the top side of the second oven is a L boiler for heating water, so
that the L boiler forms part of the flue under the bottom oven and up
the side or end of the bottom oven, leaving flue room, but it forms the
side or end of the top oven, so that the products of combustion from an
open or closed fire passes under the top plate in front or at the top side of
the ovens, then under the bottom oven up the side or end of the bottom
oven and then passes betwixt the top side of the bottom oven, and the
under side of the top oven through a flue space to the front end where a

page_text: metal plate is fixed up the front end, and over the top side of the top
oven forming a flue space, so that the heated products of combustion
passes three parts round each oven, and on reaching the top is further
utilised by sectional hot air chambers as described, or the same is
passed direct into the chimney flue.
oven forming a flue space, so that the heated products of combustion
passes three parts round each oven, and on reaching the top is further
utilised by sectional hot air chambers as described, or the same is
passed direct into the chimney flue.
The ovens when not required for cooking may answer the purpose of
hot air chambers by air passing in on one side and out at the opposite
side.
In summer the L boiler for heating water can be felted in to keep the
room cool; hot air cupboards are fixed underneath the L boiler.
I also fix a boiler at the end of the hot plate, which may or may not
form the side or end of the oven or ovens, so as to allow the ovens to be
felted in to keep the room cool when cooking is going on; or instead of
the oven or ovens standing at the end of hot plate they may stand on
each side of the hot plate. I also have an open fire in fount with
L boiler at the back, forming one side or end of the oven, which is fixed
over the fire so that the oven and the fire range forms the front. The
front plate, which forms the flue at the end of the oven, carries a shelf
which answers as a heat conductor into the room, and a metal plate is
fixed to form a flue to the oven immediately over the fire, and extends
to near the back end of the oven, forming a flue, and protecting the oven
from the direct action of the fire; and a metal hot plate is fixed over the
top of the oven with openings so that the heated products of combustion
pass three parts round the oven. Or instead of fixing the oven imme-
diately over the fire I fix a metal plate in the form of the letter U, answering
the purpose of a hot plate, and forming the under side flue of the oven;
fixed over the same a L boiler is fixed at the under side of the hot plate
and up one side or end of the oven, so that the products of combustion
pass under the hot plate, up the end of the U, then under the oven to
the front, up the end, and over the top, so that the heat from the hot
plate is thrown into the room, and the front end of the oven may bo
levelled off, forming a reflecting plate for the heat on to the hearth.
Stoves for rooms or offices I also jacket, forming a water space round
the inner casing to answer the purpose of the L boiler, and I form hollow
shelves in the stove and up the side from one hollow shelf to the other,
so the office or room stove is either a cooking or a hot air and hot

page_text: water stove like the L boiler cooking stove, and is heated with fire, gas,
mineral, or vegetable oils, and the heated products of combustion rising
from the grate passes backwards and forwards betwixt the hollow shelves
extended to any height, and the stove may have doors fixed to for cooking,
or open, so that hot air is constantly thrown into the room and the heated
products on reaching the top of the stove may enter the sectional hot air
chambers and apparatus.
The stove heated with mineral or vegetable oil may stand on a counter,
the bottom part of the stove standing on a metal frame which may
contain glass, so that the stove lights the room, cooks and heats at the
same time, and may be made in any required form; my object is to
utilize the heat by a simple application, and cause the stove appearance
to be done away with, forming the stoves more like pieces of furniture,
even like a cottage piano.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 1st May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of 20, Maze Pond, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special licence that
I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING AND HOT-AIR

page_text: condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Rydill, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention of improvements possesses improvements in cooking
and hot air stoves, fire-places, and hot-air apparatuses, being one
Invention, but I describe the same to show the different parts and
how they may be applied to complete one apparatus for cooking or
warming.
First. I elevate the cooking oven or ovens so that the first oven
bottom stands on a level with the hot plate, either at its end or side, the
hot plate being fixed over the fire, containing any required number of
openings at the top fitted with moveable lids, so that the cooking utensils
are fixed into the openings or stands over the same, and I place a
moveable or a stationary boiler for boiling water either at the side or
at the end of the oven. If the boiler be a stationary one for boiling
water it forms one side or end of the oven flue. The fire-grate
is an open one for burning coal, coke, turf, or the same may be
closed up with a moveable plate or with doors attached to the front,
so that gas, mineral or vegetable oils may be burnt for cooking or
warming purposes, small air openings being fixed in the door or
doors to admit air to complete combustion; or the gas light or mineral
oil light may be open to view at the front end of the hot plate.
When used as an open fire a small portion of the hot plate in front
is made to lift up when required, to reflect the heat from the fire on to
the hearth.

page_text: ПОГА
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under side of the hot-air flue formed under the oven, the stove standing
on feet.
I utilize the heated products of combustion after heating the oven by
conducting them into a pipe, and I place thereon a number of sectional
hot-air chambers containing an opening in the centre on the under side,
and one on the top side of the sectional hot-air chamber. Fixed in its
centre is a horizontal metal plate, which divides the sectional hot-air
chamber, having openings at each end of the metal plate for the products
of combustion to pass from the under side to the top side of the
sectional hot-air chamber. Any required number of these sectional
hot-air chambers may be fitted one into another; and in the centre of
each horizontal metal plate fixed in the sectional hot-air chamber is an
opening, and the central opening in the plate is fitted with a moveable
lid, the opening being large enough for a man to get through, so that
when they are fixed within the chimney breast or a place where it is
not convenient to take them down to clean, or to clean them out
through small doors fixed on the side of each sectional hot-air chamber,
such as being fixed within the chimney breast of a drawing room, then
a man may ascend straight up the chimney by moving one lid after the
other from each opening on to one side of the horizontal plate, so that
a sweeping machine may be employed to sweep the upper part of the
chimney. The sectional hot-air chambers are then cleaned out and
the centre lids are again put into their place by the sweep, so that
the heated products of combustion enter the centre opening at the
under side of the sectional hot-air chamber and becomes divided, passing
over the under side of the horizontal metal plate through the openings
at each end and over and betwixt the metal plate and the outer casing
of the sectional hot-air chamber, so that the products of combustion
which becomes divided on the under side of the metal plate again meet
and unite in leaving and entering the next sectional hot-air chamber,
and in this manner the products of combustion pass through any required
number of sectional hot-air chambers; or the products of combustion
may travel in a serpentine form, but it is preferable in large sectional

page_text: sectional hot-air chambers are stayed one to another with iron to keep
them firm; in this manner the heated products of combustion are spread
over a large area of heating surface, and such may be affixed to all stoves
or ordinary chimney flues.
In drawing rooms the sectional hot-air chamber may be open to view
in the room by being ornamented, but if enclosed within the chimney
breast sweet pure cold air may be admitted from without, and in passing
upwards within the chimney breast becomes heated and enters the room
as warm air near the top of the room. Or I fix on the top of the stove
pipe or stove a chamber of any required area, which is supported by
resting on the top of the stove or upon feet or pillars according to
requirements. The top side of the chamber contains any required
number of holes from one inch to several inches in diameter, and into or
on to the top of these holes are fixed any required number of metal
pipes or tubes of equal length, and a chamber containing the same
number of holes is fixed on the top side as the chamber on the under
side, so that the tubes, pipes, and chambers are firmly bolted together
by iron bars tubed round, showing pillars to support the top chamber,
the joints are self-made or with a ring. The top side of the chamber
answers as a collecting flue to conduct the heated products of combustion
into chimney flue, or even other pipes or tubes might if desired fit into
the top side of the top chamber and extend any required height in large
rooms or in the chimney flue, so that the heated products.of combustion
from cooking, hot-air stoves or furnaces of any kind, which gives out heat
from coal, coke, turf, gas, mineral or vegetable oils, may be utilized, the
object being to cause the heated air to spread over a great area of
heating surface in passing up the pipes or tubes into the top chamber to
be carried off into the chimney. This causes a large quantity of heat to
be given off into the room, and as the pipe or tube ends are turned up to
make a joint the smoke is prevented from entering the room. The lid
or cover of the top chamber is easily removed; also a metal plate is
fixed under the top chamber cover which is better finished, so that the
pipes or tubes are easily cleaned out when required; and this may be
fixed to all stoves or stove grates in rooms or ships' cabins, such being
made any form to suit what it is fixed over.
In making a new store with these improvements these small nines or

page_text: tubes are fixed round a large metal pipe or tube that extends from just
over the fire to the top side of the chamber, and is fitted with a separate
lid or cover, so that the fire is fed with coal from the top of the stove
down the centre pipe or tube, which may be made, any required
diameter which answers as a store for the coal or fuel to self-feed the
fire as it burns away, which may require to be fed once a day; in this
case the metal plate and cover for the hot-air tubes may be made in
halves to fit round the the centre tube or pipe which feeds the fire, and
the pipes or tubes are made any required length; or if much cooking is
required I fix two ovens at the end or side of the hot plate, one over the
other, and on the top side of the top oven openings with lids for keeping
anything warm may be placed, and at the under side of the bottom oven,
extending up to the top side of the second oven, is a L boiler for heating
water, so that the L boiler forms part of the flue under the bottom oven
and up the side or end of the bottom oven, leaving flue room, but it
forms the side or end of the top oven, so that the products of
combustion from an open or closed fire passes under the hot plate
in front or at the side of the ovens, then under the bottom oven,
up the side or end of the bottom oven, and then passes betwixt
the top side of the bottom oven and the under side of the top oven
through a flue space to the front end, where a metal plate is fixed up
the front end and over the top side of the top oven, forming a flue
space, so that the heated products of combustion passes three parts
round each oven, and on reaching the top is further utilized by sectional
hot-air chambers, as described, or the same is passed direct into the
chimney flue.

page_text: I also have an open fire in front with L boiler at the back forming
one side or end of the oven which is fixed over the fire so that the oven
and the fire range forms the front. The front plate which forms the
flue at the end of the oven carries a shelf which answers as a heat con-
ductor into the room, and a metal plate is fixed to form a flue to the
oven immediately over the fire, and extends to near the back end of the
oven, forming a flue and protecting the oven from the direct action of the
fire, and a metal hot plate is fixed over the top of the oven with openings
so that the beated products of combustion pass three-parts round the

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS, WHICH SHOWS VARIOUS MODIFICATIONS OF
THE COOKING AND HOT-AIR STOVES CONSTRUCTED ACCORDING TO
MY INVENTION OF IMPROVEMENTS.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 Is a front elevation of Figure 2, showing the same
to be fixed in a recess with complete fittings, the hot hearth marked A
being turned up and resting against the side of the right hand oven; this
hot hearth A when turned down over the fire causes the whole of the
products of combustion to pass round the oven or ovens before entering
the chimney flue; the hot hearth also causes the damp gases in the coal
to be raised in temperature, so that they more readily ignite in the oven
flues, and by preventing the heated products of combustion from rising
dirict from the fire into the chimney flue a saving of 75 per cent. of coal
will be effected over the open fire cooking stove. When the hot hearth
is turned up against the oven side and the sliding door L is pulled down,
then the whole of the oven or ovens are surrounded by the heated
products of combustion; when a small door or metal plate is hung on to
the ribs, gas, mineral or vegetable oil may be burnt for cooking or
warming purposes; when the oven or ovens are not required for cooking
they answer as hot air stoves or chambers. The damper fixed in the flue
over the fire is raised by turning the handle marked F which allows the
products of combustion to rise direct from the fire into the chimney flue
when the hot hearth is turned up.
In case the hot hearth remains down the products of combustion pass
round the oven or ovens, causing the chamber over the hot hearth to
answer as a ventilator and check the draught of the fire, so that slow!
combustion takes place, causing the moveable hot hearth to be most
valuable for saving fuel and producing addition heating surface for
placing utensils upon for cooking purposes. B, is the fire; E, the
elevated metal casing for flues and dampers; G, G, hot hearths over
ovens; H, H, the ovens ; letter L is the sliding door which closes up
the front of the fire containing a small air sliding door tap to L boiler is
shown.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of Figure 1. Letter A, A, marks out
the hot hearth turned down over the fire, and over one of its openings is
fixed a kettle; the front portion of this hot hearth is made to lift up, and a 8
portion at the back is stationary; B, marks out the fire; C, C, C, O, flues
round the ovens for the products of combustion to pass; D, is the

page_text: damper; F, handle to open and close the large damper; E, E, elevated
metal casing forming flues to allow the large damper to work in, so that
the hot hearth is free from sut and dirt when the oven or ovens are used;
G, G, hot hearth over the top of ovens; H, H, the two ovens; I, I, is
the L boiler; K, chimney flue; 8, 8, hot-air ovens or chambers fixed
underneath the oven, and L boiler lids to feed the L boiler are on the
top of oven, small dampers are also shown fixed in the oven flue.
Figure 3 is a most complete economical cooking and warming stove, its
advantages are numerous. A thickness of felt or non-conducting material
is fixed betwixt the outer casing and the L boiler, so that the ends and
back of the cooking and warming stove are not over heated. Taps are
fixed to L boilers in front, also hot-air ovens or chambers are fixed on the
under side of L boilers for keeping anything warm, hot hearth is fixed
over the top of ovens and flue. Sectional hot-air chambers are fixed one
over the other at the back, so that the whole of the heat may be
utilized. This Figure 3 shows the loose moveable sheet iron door con-
taining a ventilator closing up the chamber over the fire, which shows
how the fire may be closed when the oven or ovens require to be entirely
surrounded with the heated products. This stove is constructed for
burning coal, coke, turf, or to be heated with mineral or vegetable oils
for cooking and warming purposes. Letter B represents the fire; D, D,
the damper handles; M, M, sectional hot-air chambers; L, moveable
sheet iron door which closes up the chamber over the fire.
Figure 4, letters A, A, hot hearth, which is shown turned down over
the fire; B, the fire; 0, 0, 0, marks out the flues round the ovens; D, D,
moveable dampers, so that the heated products may, when desired, rise
from the fire direct into the flue or pass round the oven or ovens; E, is
the elevated flue which allows room for the damper D, D, to work, so
that the hot hearth is free from sut; G, G, hot hearth over top of ovens;
H, H, the ovens; I, I, are the L boilers; K, chimney flue; M, sectional
hot-air chambers; N, N, division plate containing pierced holes, which
spreads or causes the heated air to heat all parts of hot-air chamber;
O, O, are the sides fixed round the hot hearth; P, P, the felt or non-
conducting material placed betwixt the outer casing and the L boilers;
S, S, hot-air ovens or chambers fixed under L boilers.
Figure 5, 6, and 7 represent one cooking and warming stove adapted
for families and other purposes.

page_text: Figure 5 is an elevator showing the complete cooking and warming
stove with hot hearth turned down over the fire marked A, A, by means
of handle R, when this hot hearth is turned up on one side or end, and
the damper marked D at the front end as well, then the heated
products of combustion rise direct from the fire into the flue under the
hot hearth G, which is fixed over the top side, and then into the chimney
flue, but when the oven is required the hot hearth may be placed over
the fire, causing the whole of the heated products of combustion to pass
under the hot hearth and round the oven. B, is the fire; D, D, the two
damper handles; G, the hot hearth; H, the oven; K, chimney flue;
S, S, are the hot-air ovens or chambers fixed underneath the L boiler;
T, metal casing over hot hearth.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of Figure 5, with kettle shown
standing on the top of hot hearth; A and B is the fire; C, O, C, the
flues round the oven; D, D, are the dampers; E, the elevated flue
over hot hearth; G, hot hearth over the top side of oven H; I, I, is
the L boiler; K, chimney flue; S, S, hot air ovens or chambers.
Q, division plate.
Figure 7 is an elevation of Figure 6, and is exactly like Figure 5,
the only difference being that the hot hearth A is turned up by the
handle marked R, so that the products of combustion rise direct into
the flue fixed over the fire; the tap to L boiler and other [fitting are
complete, the hobs U, U, are also shown.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 represent one, being the same class of cooking
and hot air stove as Figures 3 and 4, except that they are shown with
single ovens.
Figure 8 is an elevation of Figure 9, which shows that the hot
hearth A is turned up and the heated products of combustion pass
direct into the chimney flue; B is the fire; D, D, the damper handles;
G, hot hearth on the top of oven; H, the oven; 1, the L boiler;
K, chimney flue; O, O, are the sides fixed round hot hearth; 8, hot-
air oven or chamber.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of Figure 8; A, A, is the hot
hearth; B, the fire; C, C, the flues round the oven; D, D, dampers;
E, the elevated flue passing under one portion of the hot hearth;
G, hot hearth; H; the oven; I, I, the L boiler, which passes round the
back as well as the sides; K, chimney flue; 0, 0, are the sides round.

page_text: -
the hot heart; P, P, is the felt or conducting material, placed betwixt
the outer casing of the stove and the L boiler, so that the sides of
the stove are kept cool; S, the hot-air oven or chamber.
Figure 10 is an elevation of Figure 9, and is exactly like Figure 8,
5 except that the chamber over the fire is made up with a moveable
door containing an air ventilator, which slides or turns round lids to
feed the L boiler, are shewn, also flue doors.
Figure 11 and 12, on Sheet 2, shews the elevation and section of a
warming, cooking, and hot-air stove, constructed to be heated with
> coal, coke, turf, gas, mineral or vegetable oils, according to require-
ments; and the sides being formed by a water space in the form of an
L boiler, except the front. It is adapted for many useful purposes,
and the sides are felted in when desired.
Figure 11 is an elevation, shewing the stove with all its fittings;
the fire-place is closed with a door when heated by gas, or mineral or
vegetable oil; on the top is fixed a hot hearth; a tap is fixed at the
side for drawing off the water; air sliding doors are shewn fixed in
front of the hot air chambers, on each side of the fire, as well as sliding
air doors in the oven doors; the hot-air chambers placed at each side
of the fire may be fitted with doors if desired and used as ovens.
Figure 12 is a 'sectional elevation of Figure 11; A, A, is the outer
casing of the stove; B, B, the water space of L. boiler, and is supplied
with water through the openings in the top of hot hearth; C, C, O, the
flue spaces; D, D, the ovens. The heated products of combustion rise
from the fire-grate, strike against the metal division plate, passing round
its end, then under the bottom oven up its side, then betwixt the
two ovens up the side of the top oven, then over the top side of the
oven, and then passes betwixt the top division plate and under side of
hot hearth, then to the chimney flue, so that the ovens are entirely
surrounded by the heated products of combustion, so that the ovens.
are always ready for cooking or as hot-air chambers.
Figure 13 is an elevation of Figure 14, having a bevelled oven side
which reflects the heat on to the hearth, the oven when the fire is lighted
will always be hot, and when not required for cooking will answer as a
hot-air chamber by opening the oven door or fixing an air ventilator in
the oven door. G is the hot hearth, and K the chimney flue.

page_text: Figure 14 is a sectional elevation of Figure 13. A is the outer
casing; B, the fire-grate; 0, 0, 0, the flues round the oven; G, hot
hearth; H, the oven with bevelled side; I, the L boiler; K, the chimney
flue.
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation of Figure 16, and it is constructed
for burning coal, coke, and peat, or it may be heated with gas, mineral or
vegetable oils. This stove contains an ash-pit and furnace; over the
furnace is fixed a metal plate containing seven tubes; the centre one is
for the purpose of feeding the fire with fuel so that the stove may not
require such frequent attention; a section shewing the seven tube
openings is placed on the under side of the stove, but when stoves of
this kind are made larger any required number of metal tubes may be
erected round the feeding tube or chamber. A is the bottom part or
base of the stove. The fire is fed with fuel down the tube or chamber
B, or the fire may be fed with fuel in the usual way through the door,
in which case the centre tube or chamber B forms a hot air chamber for
the stove; 0, 0, 0, are the metal tubes up which the heated products of
combustion pass into chamber D from which it passes into the sectional
hot air chamber to be further utilized marked M, M; and G is the fire-
hole door; H, ash-pit door. In each door is fixed an air slide; I is the
moveable metal stove top; and K is the lid which covers the tube or
chamber B down which the fuel passes to feed the fire.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of Figure 15, with section of fire-
grate E fixed underneath; this sectional elevation shews the working of
the stove when the fire is supplied with coal, coke, or turf, but gas or
mineral or vegetable oils may be burnt to great advantage. Letter A
marks out the base of the stove; B, the feeding tube or chamber; C,
O, C, are the metal tubes up which the heated products pass; D is the
collecting chamber; E, the fire grate; F, ash-pit; G, fire-hole door; H,
ash-pit door; I, metal cover for stove, an inner one is also shewn under-
neath; K is the lid or cover to B, tube or chamber; M, M, are the
sectional hot-air chambers; and N, N, are the division plates.
Figure 17 shows an elevation and section of a fire-place with chimney
piece and chimney breast; an ordinary register stove grate is fixed in
the recess in the usual manner, the importance of fixing sectional hot air
chambers one over another in the chimney breast attain the advantages
of preventing smoky chimneys and warming the air admitted into the

page_text: room by the heated products of combustion rising up into No. 1, sec-
tional hot air chamber passing through openings in the sectional division
plate from the under side to the top side, then the heated products again
unite and pass through the centre opening on the top side into sectional
hot air chamber No. 2, striking its centeral division plate, passing through
its pierced openings and again unites on the top side of the divisional plate
passing into No. 3, sectional hot air chamber in the same manner as in
No. 1 and 2, so that any required number of sectional hot air chambers
may be fixed one over another to utilize the heated products of com-
bustion for warming the air in rooms, or for drying purposes, by the
large area of heating surface of the sectional hot-air chambers, so that
pure fresh air may be admitted from without and into the hot-air
chamber amongst the sections fixed in the chimney breast entering near
the bottom and out into the room near the ceiling after being heated by
the heated products passing through the sectional hot-air chambers.
In the centre of each division plate in each section is a moveable
lid large enough for the sweep to pass through and ascend from one
section to another by removing the centre lids on one side, so that
the upper parts of the chimney may be swept with the machine, the
sweep cleaning out each section as he returns, placing the lids over
the centre openings one after another, so that the heated products
are again divided in their passage upward; the arrangement is such
that those sectional hot-air chambers may be fixed in any chimney
breast over any class of stove grate; or the sectional hot-air chambers
may be fixed within an ornamental chimney breast of metal; it is
shewn in this Figure in its simplest form. A, A, A, are the sectional
chambers; B is the hot-air chamber; O, the opening to admit air
rising part way up a hollow flue, then passing into the hot-air chamber
and out into the room near the ceiling through the air opening D, the
heated products ascend the chimney flue after passing through the
sectional hot air chambers.
Figure 18 is in every respect like Figure 17, except that the heated
products of combustion rise from the fire-grate and pass through a
number of straight metal tubes fixed betwixt and and into metal plates
on the bottom and top sides; an air space is left of several inches
betwixt each metal tube; in the centre of each metal plate is fixed a
large metal tube, so that a man may pass up to clean the chimney flue,
and the top side of the metal plate; a-lid covers this large centre. metal-
R

page_text: tube to cause the heated products of combustion to pass up the small
metal tubes; the small metal tubes may be cleaned from the under
side with a small sweeping tube machine; or a small shaft carrying
a longitudinal scraper might be fixed in each tube if desired to be
turned round; the arrows indicate the passage of the heated products, |
the air to be warmed enters through air grate marked C, passing part
way up a hollow flue, then amongst the tubes fixed betwixt the two
metal plates and chimney breast which forms a hot-air chamber, the
warm air again enters another short hollow flue near the top, rising up
the hollow flue, passing into the room near the ceiling through air grate 1
marked D.
Having particularly described my improvements in Drawings arranged
so as to accomplish certain definite purposes, though I show many
Figures they are but slight modifications one from the other throughout
as named in Provisional and now Final Specification, so that the In- 1
vention relates to the combination of cast-iron or other metal cooking
and hot-air stoves, and sectional hot-air chambers, fire-places, and ven-
tilating shafts, in such a manner that the same is adapted for warming
and ventilating houses; having shown how the same may be carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrange-
ment and combination of parts forming respectively the various modifi-
cations of my improved cooking and heating stoves, constructed sub-
stantially as herein described and shown in the Drawings of Figures 2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18,-

page_text: GEORGE RYDILL. (L.S.)