IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY OB APPARATUS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Wilson, of the Firm of Messieurs.
Nasmyth, Wilson, & Co., of Patricroft, near the City of Manchester,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS."
Sealed the 1st October 1872, and dated the 19th April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th-April 1872.
•
I, ROBERT WILSON, of the Firm of Messieurs Nasmyth, Wilson, &
Co., of Patricroft, near the Oity of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
MACHINERY OR Apparatus,” to be as follows :—
My Invention is applicable to machinery for working hydraulic
presses, hoists, cranes, or other hydraulic machinery; and it consists. in
the combination of a pair of vertical steam cylinders, the piston rods of
which are connected to plungers, and they are also connected together
by a cross beam, so that when one is ascending the other is descending

page_text: and vice versa, to produce a continous action on the fluid under
pressure which is connected with the presses, hoists, cranes, or other
hydraulic machinery. When the steam cylinder is placed horizontally
both plungers can be connected to the same piston rod, or separate ver-
tical steam cylinders with their plungers unconnected except by the
valve gear may be used for the same purpose.
My Invention consists also in certain combinations of hydraulic
machinery for stopping the steam engine or engines automatically when
one of a series of presses has been run up to the full pressure required,
and for starting the engine or engines again when another press is 1
brought into action. This hydraulic apparatus consists of a small
bottom plunger working through a packed gland in a cylinder to which
the liquid under pressure is admitted; the upper end of this plunger
forms a cup or cylinder for a piston through which passes a second
small plunger connected to a rod which is weighted above to the desired 1
pressure; this rod is connected to the throttle or stop valve. When a
press has been run up to the pressure required the fluid under pressure
raises the. small bottom plunger, and with it the cup or cylinder; this
action produces an increased upward motion in the second small plunger,
in proportion to the difference in area of the cup or cylinder to the
second small plunger, thereby shutting the throttle or stop valve, which
will remain closed until the fluid is relieved of its pressure by being
turned on to start another press, at which time the plungers descend
again, and open the throttle or stop valve to again start the engine.
This apparatus is applicable to the machinery above described for a
working hydraulic presses, and to other engines and machines. It may
also be used to regulate the position of the dampers of steam boilers
by connecting the second small plunger to the damper chain or
otherwise.
This apparatus may also be used as an indicator where great pressures a
are exerted; for this purpose the second small plunger may be con-
nected to a series of weights or springs, which are acted upon in
succession as the pressure increases.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th October 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WILSON, of the Firm of Messieurs Nasmyth, Wilson, and Company, of
Patricroft, near the Oity of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by: Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Wilson, Her special licence that
I, the said Robert Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Robert Wilson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Robert Wilson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Wilson do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
My Invention is applicable to machinery for working hydraulic presses,
hoists, cranes, or other hydraulic machinery, and it consists in an
improved arrangement of vertical or horizontal steam engines for
effecting the same; also in certain combinations of hydraulic machinery
for stopping the steam engine automatically when one of a series of
presses has been run up to the full pressure required, and for starting the

page_text: engine again when another press is brought into action. This part of
my Invention is applicable for regulating dampers and other purposes.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the two accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters {
marked thereon.
.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is an elevation, Fig. 2 an end view, and Fig. 3
a plan of a pair of vertical steam engines arranged according to my
improvements, which are particularly adapted for working hydraulic
presses, but which may be employed for working other hydraulic 1
machinery or apparatus. a is the foundation plate resting on the
beams 6 and supporting the columns c, c; d is the entablature on
which the steam cylinders e, e, are fixed; the piston rods of the pistons
working in these cylinders are connected to the plungers e', each of
which works in a cylinder f. To each piston rod is fixed a cross head g,
and these cross heads are connected by the side links g to the cross
beams or levers h; both these cross beams or levers are fixed on a
centre shaft, which vibrates in bearings in the beams b. By this
arrangement when one of the plungers e¹ is ascending the other is
descending, and vice versa, thereby keeping a continuous pressure on 2
and flow in the fluid that is being pumped, and which is connected with
the presses, hoists, cranes, or other hydraulic machinery.
The valve gears for admitting steam to both the cylinders are con-
nected, as shewn in Fig. 1, in such wise that when the steam is admitted
to the upper end of one cylinder it is shut off from the bottom of the 2
other, and vice versa; but as the valve gear may be of any suitablo
description it is not necessary to describe it.
When the steam cylinder is placed horizontally instead of vertically,
as shewn, both plungers can be connected to one or the same piston rod,
or separate vertical steam cylinders, with their plungers unconnected å
except by the valve gear, may be used in the same manner.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 4 is an end elevation and Fig. 5 a front elevation of
my improved combination of hydraulic machinery for stopping and
starting steam engines automatically; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of
the same drawn to an enlarged scale. This improved hydraulic apparatus 3
consists of the stand i in which the plug it is screwed; this plug serves
as guide to the small plunger ;, the lower end of which passes through

page_text: מ
the packed gland. The liquid under pressure is admitted through the
pipe k to the under side of the plunger j, and this pipe is connected to
the stand by the plate ¹, or in any other convenient manner; the
stand i supports the columns, which are united at the top by the cross
heads. The upper end of the plunger j is connected to or forms part
of the cup or cylinder ', in which is the piston 7, which is made water-
tight by a cupped leather and lid as shewn in Fig. 6. The upper end of
the boss of this piston is provided with a screwed plug and a packed
gland to guide the second small plunger in. The piston is stationary,
being held in position by the columns, which pass, through projections
from the piston, as shewn in Fig. 5. The passage in the boss of the
piston is closed by the plug P, and this plug is opened when oil or
other liquid has to be supplied to the cup or cylinder j³. The upper end
of the plunger m is connected to the rod m³, which is weighted to the
required extent by the adjustable weight m'. The rod m³ is connected
to the lever n, see Fig. 5, which communicates motion to the throttle or
stop valve by means of the short lever n', link n³, and double lever n³,
or in any other convenient manner. The rod m¹ is guided in the cross
head, and in the beam, and the coiled spring mis to prevent a
sudden shock when the plunger m is raised rapidly. The buffer m³ is to
reduce the shock when the plunger descends.
..
The mode of operation is as follows:-When a press has been run up
to the pressure required, the fluid under pressure raises the small bottom
plunger j, and with it the cup or cylinder j¹. This action produces an
increased upward motion in the second small plunger m, in proportion
to the difference in area of the cup or cylinder to the second small
plunger m. This upward motion of the plunger m shuts the throttle or
stop valve, which will remain closed until the fluid is relieved of its
pressure by being turned on to start another press, at which time the
plungers descend again and open the throttle or stop valve to again
start the engine.
This apparatus is applicable to the machinery above described for
working hydraulic presses, and to other engines and machines. It may
also be used to regulate the position of the dampers of steam boilers by
connecting the second small plunger to the damper chain or otherwise.
This apparatus may also be used as an indicator where great pressures
are exerted; for this purpose the second small plunger may be connected

page_text: to a series of weights or springs, which are acted upon in succession as
the pressure increases.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, I declare that I claim,―
First. The improved arrangements of steam engines for pumping or t
forcing water or other fluid as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and as
.described.
And secondly. The combination of parts shewn and described in
reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6, or any equivalent arrangement of parts,
whereby the slight motion of one plunger is made to act to a greater 1
extent on a second plunger, in the manner and for the purposes set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Wilson, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and soventy-two.
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