A NEW OR IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of said invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR
STEAM AND OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention has for its object to utilize the varying resistance of the
engine for controlling the admission of steam or other fluid. It is based on the fact
that the rapidity of a streaming fluid is 'in inverse proportion to the resistance it'
encounters on its way.
In further describing the invention reference will be made to the annexed'
drawings of which Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 3 a horizontal section (along
line O-S of Fig. 1) of an improved governor.
The pipe a is connected with the steam supply pipe and the pipe b with the
valve-box of a steam engine. When an engine has to make a certain number of
strokes, for instance 60 per minute, two different velocities of the current of steam
may be discerned,
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The first exists when the slide valve of the engine begins to open, and is the.
most rapid of the two, because, in that first moment the steam has yet to fill up
the vacuum or air space of the steam port and of the cylinder, behind the piston
of the engine.
During the second period the steam can never attain a greater speed than the
engine itself, which speed is therefore constant for the same number of strokes.
The steam flows into the apparatus at a and passes between the inner and outer
cylinder to the engine.
When the slide valve of the engine is in such a position as to close both steam.
ports, there will.be equilibrium of pressure under and above the regulator
piston E.
As soon as the slide valve of the engine begins to open, the steam will flow away
first from under the regulator piston to the engine, causing in this way a
diminution of pressure under that piston, which will assume its lowest position,
owing to the excess of pressure on its upper part.
As soon as the steam, however, begins to press on the piston in the cylinder of
the steam-engine, the regulator-piston will be pushed up a little higher, in
accordance with the resistance of the piston of the engine.

page_text: The lifting of the regulator-piston 18 caused by an increase of pressure
the same.
The velocity at which the steam passes is in inverse proportion to the pressure
under the regulator-piston and therefore in inverse proportion to the resistance of
the steam-engine.
Consequently the small piston is kept at a height, proportionate to the resistance
of the engine.
As soon as this resistance lessens, the regulator-piston will come down, and when
it augments, this piston will rise accordingly.
It is therefore this resistance that rules the situation of the regulator-piston E.
If a valve P is connected with this piston E the valve would, without any
disturbing influence, exactly follow this movement and thus regulate the supply of
steam to the steam-engine, in accordance with the resistance; but as the pressure
under the valve diminishes when it comes nearer to its seat (which would impede
the regular working of the apparatus), I make use of a compensating spring H.
The valve sinks into the opening that has to be closed, which is made without
a seat.
Instead of employing this compensating spring H, I may also use two valves,
having together a superficial area as large as that of the valve above mentioned.
These valves are so placed in the apparatus as to annul each others disturbing
effects, see fig. 2, valve P¹ P¹; the steain pressure, that acts upon the underside of
the first, acting also upon the upperside of the second valve. Both valves are
placed in the same direction and mounted on the same rod.
It is evident, that in this case the form of the lower part of the apparatus will
have to be somewhat altered, but that these valves must be allowed to sink into
their openings in the same way as the above mentioned single valve.
The spring K serves to balance the weight of the valve, rod and piston of the
regulator.
The steam-passage between the inner cylinder C and outer cylinder must
only be large enough, to allow as much steam to pass, as is required to overcome
the greatest resistance of the engine, and smaller than the steam supply pipe, in
order to obtain, in this way, the above mentioned diminution of pressure under
the regulator-piston.
The screws L and the blocks M serve to regulate this steam passage.
Instead of the disc-valve, an annular slide-valve or any other direct or indirect
closing device may be employed, provided that the valve is controlled by the
regulator-piston in the manner described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is:
1. Controlling the supply of steam or other motive fluid to steam or other fluid
pressure engines by the resistance opposed to the current of fluid admitted to the
engine, in the manner substantially as described.
2. The combination of a steam supply pipe, with a balanced regulator-piston E,
balanced valve or valves P, P¹ controlled by the regulator-piston and adapted to
vary the admission of motive flaid, and a fluid passage made adjustable by
blocks M or equivalent means, substantially as described.
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