IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chadwick, of the City of Manchester, Silk
Manufacturer, and Arthur Elliott, of West Houghton, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of the said John Chadwick, for
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chadwick and
Arthur Elliott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th December 1857.
We, JOHN CHADWICK, of the City of Manchester, Silk Manufacturer, and
ARTHUR ELLIOTT, of West Houghton, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
in the employ of the said John Chadwick, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND
THROWING SILK," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to machinery used in spinning, doubling, and throw-
ing the filaments of silk direct from the cocoons, and winding the same on to
bobbins or spools. Our Invention consists in communicating motion from a
spindle driven by a band in the ordinary manner to the bobbin by means of a
spur pinion fixed on the spindle gearing into a carrier pinion working on a
stud, which carrier pinion is sufficiently broad to drive a second pinion con-
nected to the bobbin plate, in which is a pin taking into a bole in the flange
of the bobbin as usual, the pinions being so calculated as to produce the
amount of twist required.
Another part of our Invention consists in dispensing with the tin drum
usually employed, and in employing in its place a revolving line shaft with
bevilled wheels fitted thereon gearing into pinions, by means of which pinions
the spindles and flyers are driven; one wheel on the line shaft may gear into

page_text: both pinions, having the teeth so calculated as to give the exact amount of
twist required, or there may be two wheels, one to drive each flyer and
another the spindle. The flyers may be of the usual construction or inverted,
and a ring or other connection may be applied to, prevent the expanding of
the legs by centrifugal action. The bobbin plate or the flyer is furnished with
a tube sliding in the boss of the pinion by which it is driven, the tube and
the boss being connected by a stud or pin fitting in a groove. The wheels
are made to revolve with the shaft by friction, vulcanized indin-rubber springs
or other suitable means being applied to press the wheels against a boss on
the shaft, and thus secure sufficient friction to carry the wheels round with it,
but still admitting of each wheel being stopped independently of the others by
the pressure of a cord or other agent. The wheels may be fitted on bushes
formed with a shoulder to prevent the wearing of the shaft.
Our improved mode of driving spindles and bobbins by means of bevil
wheels and pinions is also applicable where each spindle is driven by a band
from a tin drum passing over a wharve forming part of the bevel wheel above
referred to. In this arrangement the longitudinal shaft may be dispensed
with, and the bovel wheels revolvo on fixed studs. We also propose to drive
the spindles by a band and wharve, which communicates motion to the spindlo
and flyer, the bobbin being turned round by the drag on the bobbin plate.
Our improvements in delivering the filaments of silk from the cocoons to
the bobbins consist in applying to each spindle a worm working in a worm
wheel, on the boss of which a pulley may be placed with a roller pressing on
it, so that as the wheel revolves the silk is drawn between the pulley and
roller from the cocoons, and delivered to the bobbin. By this arrangement,
when a spindle is stopped the delivery also stops.
Our Invention also consists in making the guide rail over which the fila-
ments of silk pass to the bobbius hollow and perforated, and allowing water
or other fluid to escape at the places where the filaments pass.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed 3
by the said John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL, COME, wc, JOHN
CHADWICK, of the City of Manchester, Silk Manufacturer, and ARTHUR ELLIOTT,
of West Houghton, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of g
tho said John Chadwick, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott, Her special licence that we, the said
John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, tho said John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK," upon the condition (amongst others) that
wc, the said John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The object of our Invention is to spin or throw filaments of silk direct from
cocoons, and to wind the same on bobbins or other implements, also to double
and throw threads of silk from bobbins. This Invention consists in improve-
ments in machinery for carrying into operation the process described for that
purpose in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to the within-named
John Chadwick jointly with Thomas Dickins, on the Fourteenth of April,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
The first part of our Invention consists in certain improved modes of giving
the requisite relative velocity to the spindles, bobbins, and flyers, to impart
the proper amount of twist to the thread and to wind it on the bobbin.
Secondly, our Invention consists in the application of a friction break or
other suitable agent to the wheel driving the spindle, bobbin, and flyer, by
means whereof each spindle, bobbin, and flyer can be stopped independently
of the others.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, and readily

page_text: carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the accompanying two Shoots
of Drawings, reference being to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of a machine for spinning the filaments of silk
direct from the cocoon and winding them on bobbins, to which some of our
improvements are applied; Figure 2 is a front elevation of part of the same
machine. a is the driving shaft, furnished with the fast and loose pulleys a' and
a², with the fast pulley a³; b is a line shaft, through which motion is imparted
to the spindles c, bobbius d, and flyers g in the following manner:-To the shaft
bis fixed a series of bushes b', each of which is furnished with a boss, on
which is mounted a bevel wheel , by which means the bevels are prevented
from wearing the shaft, as they would have a tendency to do if they were
mounted upon it. Between the ends of the bosses of the bovels and the
fixed collars are placed the washers 6, made of leather, india-rubber, or
other suitable material, constituting an adjustable frictional apparatus, sus-
ceptible of considerable modification, and by the action of which the bevel
wheels are caused to rotato with the shaft b within the limits of the
frictional power thus obtained, and which is adjusted to turn the spindles
and bobbins so as to admit of any wheel being suspended at will by the
operative as occasion requires, and by the following means:-The boss
of each bevel wheel is furnished with a groove, in which, when the
wheels are in motion, the cord hangs loosely, but when it is desired to
stop any wheel its cord is drawn tightly around it. One end of the cord is
fastened to the front board or rail r', while the other, after passing over the
groove in the boss of the wheel 6, passes through the front board or rail, 1 and
is fastened to the lever, capable of moving on the stud, and held by the
rack The lever is shewn in the position it occupies when the wheels
are in motion at the spindle next the frame side in Figure 2, and in its
position when they are stopped at the second spindle in Figure 2. If this
frictional apparatus be dispensed with, the wheels may be fastened to the
shaft b. A similar shaft b and another row of spindles may be applied to the
other side of the frame. The wheels are geered with the pinions c¹ fastened
to the spindles, and also to the pinions 9", fastened to the part of the
telescopic tubes g', g². The bobbin plates care fastened to the spindles c,
and have a pin fastened in them, which projects from their upper surface and
takes into a hole in the flange of the bobbin d, which rests upon them; by
which means the notion received by the spindles from the shaft b is imparted
to the bobbins d. The flyers are fastened to the plate g' of the telescopic
tube g', which has a longitudinal slot in it, into which a pin fastened in the
part passes freely, and by which means both parts rotate together and

page_text: communicate to the flyers the motion which the tubes 9, 9, receive from the
shaft b. The teeth in the pinions c' and g³ are proportioned to communicate
to the spindles and flyers respectively the amount of motion required to twist
the thread and wind it on the bobbins. The copping rail f, through which
the parts g of the telescopic tubes pass, is moved up and down in the usual
manner, and raises and lowers the flyers, so as to distribute the thread upon
the bobbins.
In the above description we have shewn the flyers inverted, but this order
may be inverted, as seen at Figures 6, 7, and 8, where the flyer is attached to
the spindle, and the bobbin to the plate fastened to the telescopic tube g¹.
The troughs in which the cocoons are placed, and the manner in which the
filaments of silk from the cocoons are guided from the troughs to the flyers,
are shewn in the Drawing.
On Sheet 2, Figure 3 represents another part of our Invention; in this
arrangement the rotating line shaft is dispensed with, and a 'stationary shaft
is used in its stead; this stationary shaft supports the bevel wheels b³.
The first spindle in the Drawing represents the wheel with a wharve,
which is turned round by a band passing round a tin drum extending the
whole length of the machine, each wheel being driven by a band in the same
manner as the spindles of throstles. The bevel wheels & gear, as before
described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, in the pinions c¹ and g³, thereby
imparting motion to the bobbins and flyers, as before described. The
second spindle in Figure 3 represents a wharve attached to the pinion c¹.
This wharve is driven by a band from the tin drum, and the motion is trans-
mitted from the wharve and pinion c¹ to the
which in this case only acts as a carrier.
represents the wharve cast to the pinion
wheel
pinion g by the bevel wheel b*,
The third spindle in Figure 3
and tube ; in this case the
also acts as a carrier and transmits the motion to the pinion c¹,
which is fixed to the spindle.
The arrangement shewn in Figure 4 is similar to that shewn in Figure 3,
except that in this case, each bevel wheel is supported on a separate stud
fixed to a cross rail.
In Figure 5, the bevel wheel 65 is made with two rims of teeth, the larger
rim gearing into the pinion g', and the smaller one into the pinion c¹; both
the rims are secured together and revolve on the boss of the bush b*, as in
Figures 1 and 2.
The bobbins and flyers are not shown in Figures 4 and 5, as they may be
seen in other Figures.

page_text: In Figure 6, motion is imparted to the spindles c, bobbins d, and flyers g
through the tin drum z, by means of bands passed over wharves on the
spindles.
The pinions e' are fastened to the spindles, and transmit motion to the
carriers, with which they are geared. These carriers revolve on studs fixed
in the rail y, and being geared with the pinious g fastened to the bobbin
tubes, transmit motion to them also. The number of teeth in the pinions c'
and is proportioned to produce the amount of twist to be imparted to the
thread and wind it on the bobbins.
In Figure 7, the first spindle is represented with a wharve fastened to the
bobbin tube and pinion ; the band passing round the wharve imparts
motion directly to them, while the pinion being geared with the carrier
wheel b³, which is also geared with the pinion c, fastened to the spindles c,
motion is thereby simultaneously and proportionally communicated to both.
The second spindle in Figure 7 is represented with the wharve fastened to
the pinion c and to the spindle c, the pinion c gearing into the carrier
wheel, imparts motion to the pinion and to the bobbin, as above
described. The third and fourth spindles in Figure 7 are represented as being
driven by one carrier wheel 6, to which the wharve is fastened, and the carrier
being geared with the pinions c¹ and 3 of both the adjoining spindles, thereby
imparts motion simultaneously and proportionably to both. The carriers b³
may also be made to impart motion to three spindles, as shewn in plan in
Figure 8; when this mode is adopted the spindles must be placed in two rows.
The improvements above described have only reference to machinery for
spinning direct from the cocoon, but they may be applied to the ordinary
operation of throwing where great exactness in the amount of twist is
required.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as of our
Invention the modes set forth and above described, and any modifications of
the same, by which the difference of motion between the spindle and bobbin
required for twisting and winding silk thread upon bobbins, when spun direct
from cocoons or in the process of throwing, may be obtained.
We also claim the use of a line shaft with a series of bevels thereon,
moved by an niljustable frictional apparatus (in whatever way or from what-
ever materials constructed), by means of which motion may be directly
imparted to the spindles and bobbins without the intervention of a tin drum.
We also claim the use of the cord r or any equivalent thereof, controlled as

page_text: described, or otherwise, by which the frictional power giving motion to any
spindle may be overcome at will.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
JNO. CHADWICK.
(L.S.)
ARTHUR ELLIOTT. (L.S.)