IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING FRICTION. ON. THE BOBBINS OF MACHINES USED. FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's
Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING FRICTION. ON. THE BOBBINS OF
MACHINES USED. FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."-A
communication from abroad by Charles Catel, of Lille, in the
Empire of France, Spinner.
Sealed the 3rd August 1869, and dated the 24th February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bristow Hunt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1869.
.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING FRICTION ON THE
ROBBINS OF MACHINES USED FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,'
"

page_text: (a communication to me from abroad by Charles Catel, of Lille, in the
Empire of France, Spinner,) to be as follows:-
In throttle frames the rotary movement is imparted to the bobbins by
the traction of the yarn, and the tension of the latter results from the
friction of the wooden bobbin on the bobbin rail. The movement of the
flyer is uniform and also that of the delivering rollers, but as the diameter
of the bobbin increases in proportion as the thread is wound thereon the
yarn draws or drags the bobbin on a larger diameter, that is to say, at a
longer leverage, consequently the speed or number of revolutions per
minute of the bobbin diminishes in proportion as its diameter increases.
The bobbin (as before mentioned) drags by friction on the bobbin rail or
lifter, but this friction is always the same, or nearly so, but it will be
evident that it ought to increase proportionally with the increased
diameter of the bobbin; it is therefore indispensable to give a supple-
mentary and variable friction.
D
In the machines ordinarily employed this supplementary friction is
obtained by means of a small cord attached to a fixed point of the bobbin
rail or lifter. This cord having at its other end a small weight bears
with friction against a groove cut around the lower flange of the bobbin,
and acts as a break; the cord then passes over a notched plate cast with
the bobbin rail in front thereof and extending the whole width of the
machine. As the bobbin increases in diameter the workman attending
the machine should move the friction cords so as to increase their contact
with the bobbins, and when the latter are finished he should place the
cords back in their original position so as to offer the least amount
possible, of friction to the bobbins. This work, which is purely manual, is
never performed with regularity, and it follows that bobbins are made
more or less hard and that more or less of the yarns are broken in con-
sequence of the difference of tension in the threads.
The object of this Invention is to remedy this defect by rendering
automatic the displacement of the small friction cords above mentioned,
which may be effected in the following manner :-There are two ways of
attaining the same end, namely, firstly, to make the notched bar (over
which the cords pass) advance longitudinally, and thus increase the
contact of the cords with the bobbins; in this case the points of attach-
ment of the friction cords to the bobbin rail remain fixed. Secondly, to

page_text: leave the notched bar a fixture, and to cause a bar which carries all the
points of attachment of the friction cords to travel longitudinally.
I will here describe the first of these two means, merely remarking that
the same arrangement of mechanism might also serve to actuate the
second method. The communication of the movement is very simple..
An endless screw or worm placed on the shaft of one of the grooved
rollers of the machine actuates a vertical shaft by means of a worm
wheel; which shaft carries a worm gearing into a toothed rack. The latter
slides vertically in grooves and has attached to it a straight or curved bar.
At the opposite end of this bar is jointed a graduated sector passing.
through a grooved guide, and a thumbscrew holds this sector in the
position required according to the "number" of the yarn which is being
spun. It will be evident that by altering the position of this sector the
angle of inclination of the hinged bar can be varied as dosired, and it is
the inclined plane thus formed which (in gradually rising) actuates a.
sliding bar in connection with the notched bar over which the friction
cord's pass, and thus gradually increases the amount of friction of the.
said cords upon the bobbins. When the bobbins are completed and
before beginning a fresh set the worm on the vertical shaft is moved out
of gear with the toothed rack, and the latter (with the inclined bar
hinged thereto) is lowered to its normal position, and the worm again
placed into gear with the rack.
It will be understood that the same movement may be readily produced.
lethon mechanical moons
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Bristow Hunt at the Great Seal Patent Office oir.
the 4th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRISTOW..
HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of. Middlesex;
0 Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the

page_text: thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Bristow Hunt, Her special
licence that I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "INPROVED
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING FRICTION ON THE BOBBINS OF MACHINES USED FOR
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," (being a communication
to me from abroad by Charles Catel, of Lille, in the Empire of France,
Spinner,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Bristow
Hunt, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that. I, the said Bristow Hunt, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:―
In throttle frames the rotary movement is imparted to the bobbins by
the traction of the yarn, and the tension of the latter results from the
friction of the wooden bobbin on the bobbin rail. The movement of the
flyer is uniform and also that of the delivering rollers, but as the diameter
of the bobbin increases in proportion as the thread is wound thereon the
yarn draws or drags the bobbin on a larger diameter, that is to say, at a
longer leverage, consequently the speed or number of revolutions per
minute of the bobbin diminish in proportion as its diameter increases.
The bobbin (as before mentioned) drags by friction on the bobbin rail or
lifter, but this friction is always the same, or nearly so, but it will be
'evident that it ought to increase proportionally with the increased diameter
of the bobbin; it is therefore indispensable to give a supplementary and
variable friction.

page_text: In the machine. ordinarily employed this supplementary friction is
obtained by means of a small cord attached to a fixed point of the bobbin
rail or lifter. This cord having at its other end a small weight bears with
friction against a groove cut around the lower flange of the bobbin, and
acts as a break; the cord then passes over a notched plate cast with the
bobbin rail in front thereof and extending the whole width of the
machine. As the bobbin increases in diameter the workman attending
the machine should move the friction cords so as to increase their contact
with the bobbins, and when the latter are finished he should place the
cords back in their original position so as to offer the least amount possible
of friction to the bobbins. This work, which is purely manual, is never
performed with regularity, and it follows that bobbins are made more or
less hard and that more or less of the yarns are broken in consequence
of the difference of tension in the threads.
The object of this Invention is to remedy this defect by 'rendering
automatic the displacement of the small friction cords above mentioned,
which may be effected in the following manner:-There are different
ways of obtaining the same end, namely, firstly, to make the notched bar
(over which the cords pass) advance longitudinally, and thus increase
the contact of the cords with the bobbins; in this case the points of
attachment of the friction cords to the bobbin rail remain fixed.
Secondly, to leave the notched bar a fixture, and to cause a bar which
carries all the points of attachment of the friction cords to travel
longitudinally.
It is also possible as a modification to allow the notched bar and the
points of attachment of the cords to remain fixed, and to gradually
increase the friction of the cords on the bobbins by the movement of an
intermediate bar..
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention for " Improved
Apparatus for Regulating Friction on the Bobbins of Machines used for
Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous Materials," I will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may
be performed or carried into practical effect; and in order that the same
may be distinctly understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of
Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof, that is to say :-

page_text: On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 represents a front
élevation, Figure 2 a plan view of the improved apparatus, and
Figure 3 a section through a, b, (Figure 1).
.
These Figures illustrate the improved apparatus arranged according to
the first method, the points of attachment of the friction cords being fixed
whilst the notched bar over which the cords pass is caused to advance
longitudinally as the diameter of the bobbin increases; and I may here
repeat that this same arrangement of mechanism is also equally applicable
to the second method, wherein the notched bar is a fixture and the ends
of the cords are attached to a bar which is caused to travel longitudinally,
or to move an intermediate bar for increasing the friction, as above alluded
to. The communication of the movement is very simple. An endless
worm or screw V placed on the shaft of one of the grooved rollers of the
machine actuates a vertical shaft T by means of a worm wheel E, which
shaft T carries a worm V₁ gearing into a toothed rack C; the latter
slides vertically in grooves, and has jointed to it at O a straight or curved
bar R. At the opposite extremity O¹ of this bar is jointed a graduated
sector S passing through a grooved guide G, and a thumbscrew v holds
this sector in the position required according to the "number" of the
yarn which is being spun. It will be evident that when the endless
screw V turns in one direction the rack rises and carries with it the
bar R. This bar in its ascent pushes the slide D¹ horizontally, which by
means of the pin f causes the notched bar A to advance from right to
left and consequently increases the contact of the friction cords against
the bobbins. Brackets 8, 81, provided with friction rollers carry the bar A
and act as guides. When the bobbins are completed, that is to say, when
the rack has arrived at the end of its traverse, it must be brought back to
its original position before commencing a new series of bobbins. All that
is requisite is to withdraw the ping from the hole t and to draw the
slide D in the direction of the arrow D (Figure 2), which moves the
worm V' out of gear with the rack C, which latter falls by its own weight
as soon as it is liberated and takes with it the bar R, the surface of which
retires before the slide D¹. There is attached to the notched bar A a cord
or chain i drawn by a weight or spring constantly from left to right, that is,
in a contrary direction to the bar R. The same effect may be produced
by other equivalent mechanical means; such as a double toothed rack, a
mangle wheel, an inclined plane moved by a screw working in a screwed

page_text: nut, or by an eccentric or crank acting on a connecting rod, or in fact by
any other well-known mechanical movement capable of automatically
moving either the notched bar or a bar to which the ends of the friction
cords are attached. I may also remark that although the above described
arrangement is shown as driven from one of the grooved rollers, yet it
may be driven direct from the tin roller shaft or by any of the moving
parts at the end of the machine, but the great inconvenience of this way
of driving would be the necessity for a number of worms and wheels to
diminish the speed to a sufficient degree.
A modification in which the movement is obtained simply from the
rise and fall of the bobbin rail is shown on the Drawings (see Figures 4
to 7). To the end of the notched bar a screwed nut E (Figures 9
and 10) is fixed, traversed by a screw V mounted in bearings S fixed
to the bobbin rail. This screw has keyed at its outer end a ratchet
wheel R, and to a point T on the bobbin rail a lever L is jointed at o,
so that it can oscillate round the latter point. This lever carries at
its upper end a click C acting on the ratchet wheel. The lever L
is prolonged below its fulcrum and carries a bracket D having an
inclined plane d mounted on a hinge pin n so that it can move in
one direction whilst it is rigid in the other, at the same time that it
is capable of being regulated or set in both horizontal and vertical
directions. On the framework F is mounted a tappet G, which is also
capable of being set either higher or lower according to the amount of
movement to be given to click C.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Suppose that the
bobbin rail is rising and carrying vertically with it all the apparatus
in the direction indicated by the arrow 1 (Figure 4), at the moment
that the incline plane d meets the tappet G the lever L oscillates
in the direction of the arrow 3 (Figure 5), and the click C.pushes
the ratchet wheel in the direction of the arrow 4. When the bobbin
rail has arrived at the highest point of its movement the lever L
falls back into the vertical position by the effect of the counterpoise.p
at the end of the bracket D. Then the bobbin rail begins to
descend, and when the inclined plane d again meets the tappet G
the former turns on its hinge pin n, as shown at Figure 6. When
the bobbin rail arrives at the lowest point of its motion the inclined
plane d falls back again into its normal position in the direction

page_text: of the arrow 5 (Figure 6), when the bobbin rail commences to re-ascend
and the operation proceeds as before. It will be seen that by the
intermittent rotation of the ratchet wheel R the rotation of the
screw Vis effected, which, being prevented from moving longitudinally
by the bearings S, pushes the nut E and consequently the notched
bar in the direction of the arrow 8, Figures 9 and 10. When the
bobbins are completed the click C must be raised, as shown by the
dotted lines in Figure 4, and the ratchet wheel turned back by means of
the handle M (Figure 9) in the direction of the arrow 9 (Figure 4).
It will be readily perceived that for the different "numbers" which
have to be spun the movement of the notched bar may be varied
by giving more or less motion to the click C, which may be effected
by raising the bracket D towards the point h or lowering it towards i,
and altering the position of the tappet G on the frame. Instead of
a notched bar acting upon the friction cords a bar may be used
carrying as many springs as there are bobbins, as shown at Figure 8.
The apparatus carrying the screw V instead of being mounted on
the bobbin rail may be attached to the frame F, as shown at Figures
11, 12, and 13, and the same result obtained by attaching to the bobbin
rail a finger G which actuates the ratched wheel on the end of the
screw V. On the frame F is fixed a rectangular box D traversed by the
screw V, and on one end of the screw is mounted the ratchet
wheel R with its handle M. The screw V works through a nut E
surmounted by a rod T passing through an eye screwed to the
end of the notched bar. On the bobbin rail P is mounted the finger G,
which at each rise of the rail acts against the click lever L, and thus
turns the ratchet wheel one, two, or more teeth. In descending
the bobbin rail allows the lever to fall on to the stop A fixed to the
frame, and by these means the movement of the notched bar is
effected.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention
for "Improved Apparatus for Regulating Friction on the Bobbins
of Machines used for Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous Materials,"
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim

page_text: automatically as their diameter increases by means of the .improved
apparatus herein-before particularly described and shown in the annexed
Drawings, or by any other equivalent or analogous mechanism acting in
substantially the same or a similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Third day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
BRISTOW HUNT. (L.S.).