IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECEIVING INSTRUMENTS OF A. B. C. TELEGRAPHS (MAGNETIC) AND BELLS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Sax, of 108, Great Russell Street,
Bloomsbury, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECEIVING
INSTRUMENTS OF A. B. C. TELEGRAPHS (MAGNETIC) AND BELLS."
Sealed the 7th September 1869, and dated the 10th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Sax at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1869.
I, JULIUS SAX, of 108, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RECEIVING INSTRUMENTS OF A. B. C. TELEGRAPHS (MAGNETIC) AND BELLS," to be
as follows:-
Two metal plates are framed together by pillars so as to be one over
the other about 1 inch in distance apart, the bottom or larger plate being
about 4 inches square and the top 3 inches. The inner side of the top.
plate carries a small ratchet wheel in the centre about one-eighth of an
inch in diameter; this small wheel has 14 or 15 teeth, according to
requirement, while the bottom plate about one inch from the top edge.

page_text: and in a direct line with the axis of the small wheel on the top plate is
suspended perpendicularly (by an axis passing through the centre of the
same) a light bar magnet, which has affixed to either side of it top and
bottom two light steel springs; these springs pass about the eighth of an
inch beyond the extreme end of this light bar magnet; they are parallel
to each other, but so fixed that the inside edge of each arc in the same
plane; as the ends of these springs would have a tendency to press
downwards towards each other the bar magnet has therefore a small
piece of brass fixed on the extreme end of it with two set screws, cach
screw facing one of the springs from the inside, so that by setting the
screw cach spring may be adjusted to its proper position. The extreme
ends of these two springs press on the opposite sides of the periphery of
the small ratchet wheel at right angles with its plane, and so set that the
inside edges of each of the springs are a little below the teeth of the
wheel and hold it fast in their grip. When the bar magnet is moved
either to the right or left these springs will give a rotary motion to the
small ratchet wheel; for instance, when the top end of the magnet
moves to the right the bottom spring will be a little below a tooth of
the wheel, and press it forward a 28th or 30th part of its circumference.
The top spring would then be lifted up a little by the slanting position
of the tooth opposing it, and drop down after passing the highest point
of that tooth; on the contrary, when the top end of the magnet has a
movement to the left, the top spring being below a tooth gives the same
movement to the wheel as the bottom spring does when the magnet
moves to the right; the bottom spring then slides over the highest point
of the opposing tooth in the same manner that the top spring did, thus
giving the ratchet wheel a regular rotary motion in one direction. In
order to circumscribe the movement of the magnet to a limited distance
two angle pieces carrying two set screws are so fixed on either side of
the magnet that the distance of its travel may be accurately adjusted.
Inside the top of the plate, and facing the outside ends of the two
springs, are also two adjusting screws, which are so set that they only
allow the springs sufficient space to slide over the highest point of the
teeth, and thus prevent the springs vibrating through the quick move-
ment of the magnet. The tail of the slight bar magnet projects about
one-third of its length through the bottom plate, having on either side of
it the top ends, or cheeks of an electro-magnet, which is affixed to the
back part or outside of the bottom plate; when + or
currents are
alternately, sent through the electro-magnet it causes the bar magnet

page_text: between to vibrate by attraction and repulsion, and so propels the
ratchet wheel in one direction. The axis of this ratchet carries a small
hand on the face or outer side of the top plate, which will in 28 or 30
movements (depending upon the number of the teeth in the wheel) point
movements (depending upon the number of the teeth in the wheel) point
to as many letters or signs.
DESCRIPTION OF MAGNETIC BELL.
Two plates of brass or other metal of about 4 by 3½ inches square aro
framed together by 4 pillars placed at the extreme ends of the same, the
distance of the plates to be about one inch apart; pinioned in the said
frame is a spring barrel, which is geared in a pinion carrying a wheel a
little smaller in diameter than itself, which is also geared in another
pinion carrying a ratchet wheel. The rotary motion of this ratchet
wheel gives in turn an oscillating movement to a pallet having a hammer
for striking a bell affixed to it. In order to set this train in motion and
stop it after a given revolution the following simple arrangement is
employed-A light permanent bar magnet about an inch and a half
long is fixed horizontally to the inner face of the back plate, and nearly
reaching to the back of the front plate; the tail end of it being some-
what thicker is left projecting out about a third of its length, and
through the back part of the back plate, going between the poles of an
electro-magnet fixed to the back plate at right angles with it. The bar
magnet moves easily right or left, but is prevented from moving too
much to the left by an angle piece carrying an adjusting screw, while
to the right is suspended vertically by an axis passing through its centre
a light piece of steel having a stop at the bottom. The top end of this
piece of steel is resting against the end of the bar magnet, and so, keeps
this bar magnet pressed against the adjusting screw placed on the left-
hand side of it. When the bar magnet is moved by a current to the
right it would cause this suspended piece of steel to move to the left and
so let drop a lever, the top end of which being made in the shape of a
hook has been resting upon this step; the other end of this hook-shaped
lever has an upright piece, which is carried through the face of the front
plate, having a pin horizontally fixed in it. Upon the axis which carries
the ratchet wheel prolonged to the face of the front plate is fixed an arm
nearly the width of the front plate; the left-hand end of this arm has
also a pin in tlie inner side and immediately facing the pin fixed in the
piece of brass at the left-hand end of this hooked-shaped lever, which
piece of brass with pin projects out of the face of the front plate, and so

page_text: forms a rest or stop for the arm which is fixed upon the axis of the
ratchet wheel; thus, when the tail end of the magnet projecting through
the back plate is moved to the right it turns the horizontal piece of steel
having a step at the bottom to the left, and so allows the hook-shaped
lever to drop down by its own weight. The pin therefore on the outer
end of it slips out of the way of the arm and allows the train to go
round. The wheel acting with the barrel has six pins facing the inside
face of the front plate; the three inner pins of this wheel reach under
the hook-shaped lever, therefore when the lever drops and the train is
in motion the wheel (after having performed a third of the revolution)
by means of the pins placed in it lifts up the lever and places it upon
the step of the vertically suspended piece of steel, resuming its former
position. The pin in the piece of brass which is attached to the hook-
shaped lever going through the front plate gets in the way of the pin,
sticking out of the long arm, and thus stops its progress.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julius Sax in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
SAX, of 108, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Julius Sax, Her special licence that I, the said
Julius Sax, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Julius Sax, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECEIVING INSTRUMENTS OF A. B. C.
TELEGRAPHS (MAGNETIC) AND BELLS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Julius Sax, executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed;
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julius Sax, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
.
Two metal plates D' are framed together by pillars so as to be one
over the other about 1 inch in distance apart, the bottom or larger
plate being about 4 inches square, and the top 3 inches. The inner side
of the top plate carries a small ratchet wheel C' in the centre about one-
eighth of an inch in diameter; this small wheel has 14 or 15 teeth according
to requirement, while the bottom plate about one inch from the top
edge in a direct line with the axis of the small wheel on the top
plate is suspended perpendicularly (by an axis passing through the
centre of the same) a light bar magnet B', which has affixed to either
side of it, top and bottom two light steel springs b, 6; these springs pass
about the eighth of an inch beyond the extreme end of this light bar
magnet. They are parallel to each other, but so fixed that the inside
edge of each are in the same place. As the ends of these springs would
have a tendency to press downwards towards each other the bar magnet
has therefore a small piece of brass E fixed on the extreme end of it
with two set screws, each screw facing one of the springs from the
inside, so that by setting the screw each spring may adjusted to its
proper position. The extreme ends of these two springs press on the
opposite sides of the periphery of the small ratchet wheel at right
angles with its plane, and so set that the inside edges of each of the
springs are a little below the teeth of the wheel and hold it fast in
their grip. When the bar magnet is moved either to the right or left
these springs will give a rotary motion to the small ratchet wheel; for
instance, when the top end of the magnet moves to the right the bottom
spring will be a little below a tooth of the wheel, and press it forward
a 28th or 30th part of its circumference. The top spring would then be
lifted up a little by the slanting position of the tooth opposing it, and
drop down after passing the highest point of the tooth;
on the
contrary, when the top end of the magnet has a movement to the left,

page_text: the top opening being below a tooth gives the same movement to the
wheel as the bottom spring does when the magnet moves to the right,
the bottom spring then slides over the highest point of the opposing
tooth in the same manner that the top spring did, thus giving the ratchet
wheel a regular rotary motion in one direction. In order to circum-
scribe the movement of the magnet to a limited distance two angle
pieces F, F, carrying two set screws are so fixed on either side of the
magnet that the distance of its travel may be accurately adjusted inside
the top of the plate, and facing the outside ends of the two springs are
also two adjusting screws G, G, which are so set that they only allow
the springs sufficient space to slide over the highest point of the teeth,
and thus prevent the springs vibrating through the quick movement of
the magnet. The tail of the slight bar magnet projects about one-third
of its length through the bottom plate, having on either side of it the
top ends or checks of an electro-magnet A', which is affixed to the
back part or outside of the bottom plate; when + or - currents are
alternately sent through the electro-magnet it causes the bar magnet
between to vibrate by attraction and repulsion, and so propels the
ratchet wheel in one direction. The axis of this ratchet carries a small
hand on the face or outer side of the top plate which will in 28 or 30
movements (depending upon the number of the teeth in the wheel) point
to as many letters or signs. As by moving the handle k which carries
the notched iron plate either to the right or left currents are always
produced which send the hand of the receiving instrument forward, and
might thus by an involuntary motion on the part of the operator cause
the hand on the receiving instrument to point to a letter or sign not
intended; in order to prevent this a cheque is placed so that the iron
plate can only be turned in one direction.
The cheque is constructed in the following manner:-A block of
wood is fixed in one corner of the case in the form of a pillar p, upon
the top of which a brass plate is screwed, upon the brass plate a flat picce
of iron N about an inch and a quarter long and one inch wide, is fixed
in such a manner that one side of it forms a slight angle with the
periphery of the notched iron wheel, upon which a stout brass ring R
has been fixed. In this angle a steel roller y is placed so as to form a
wedge, and kept in its place by a steel spring and pin pressing against
it at the right-hand side, and a small piece of brass fixed upon the iron
picce so as to lap over its top. The steel spring keeping the roller

page_text: pressed against the outer edge of the brass ring upon the periphery of the
notched notched iron plate, and the side of the flat iron piece fixed at the
top of the pillar. Of the iron wheel be turned round (by means of the
handle to the right it would press the roller out of the angle and so
allow the progress of the wheel, but if the operator should try to turn
the handle to the left which carries this notched iron plate with brass
ring, the roller would instantaneously form a wedge and so prevent the
movement which wroduces the false aurrants
Two plates
rass or other metal of about 4 by 5½ inches square.
are framed together by 4 pillars placed at the extreme ends of the.
same, the distance of the plates to be about one inch apart; pinioned
in the said frame is a spring barrel, which is geared in a pinion
carrying a wheel a little smaller in diameter than itself, which is
also geared in another pinion carrying a ratchet wheel gives in
turn an oscillating movement to a pallet having a hammer for
striking a bell affixed to it. In order to set this train in motion
and stop it after a given revolution the following simple arrange-
ment is employed:-A light permanent bar magnet about an inch and
a half long is fixed horizontally to the inner face of the back plate, and
nearly reaching to the back of the front plate; the tail end of it being
somewhat thicker is left projecting out about a third of its length and
through the back part of the back plate, going between the poles of an
electro-magnet fixed to the back plate at right angles with it. The
bar magnet moves casily right or left, but is prevented from moving
too much to the left by an angle piece carrying an adjusting screw,
while to the right is suspended vertically by an axis passing through its
centre a light piece of steel having a step at the bottom. The top end
of this piece of steel is resting against the end of the bar magnet, and
so kepts this bar magnet pressed against the adjusting screw placed on
the left-hand side of it. When the bar magnet is moved by a current
to the right it would cause this suspended piece of steel to move to the
left and so let drop a lever, the top end of which being made in the
shape of a hook has been resting upon this step; the other end of this
hook-shaped lever has an upright piece, which is carried through the
face of the front plate, having a pin horizontally fixed in it. Upon the
axis which carries the ratchet wheel prolonged to the face of the front

page_text: plate is fixed an arm nearly the width of the front plate; the left-hand
end of this arm has also a pin in the inner side, and immediately facing
the pin fixed in the piece of brass at the left-hand end of the hook-
shaped lever, which piece of brass with pin projects out of the face of
the front plate, and so forms a rest or stop for the arm which is fixed
upon the axis of the ratchet wheel; thus, when the tail end of the
magnet projecting through the back plate is moved to the right it turns
the horizontal piece of steel having a step at the bottom to the left and
so allows the hook-shaped lever to drop down by its own weight. The
pin therefore on the outer end of it slips out of the way of the arm and
allows the train to go round. The wheel acting with the barrel has 6
pins facing the inside face of the front plate; the 3 inner pins of this
wheel reach under the long hook-shaped lever, therefore when the lever
drops and the train is in motion the wheel after having performed
a third of the revolution) by means of the pins placed in it lifts up the
lever and places it upon the step of the vertically suspended piece of
steel, resuming its former position. The pin in the piece of brass which
is attached to the hook-shaped lever going through the front plate gets
in the way of the pin sticking out of the long arm and thus stops
and progress.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Sax, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 10th day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
JULIUS SAX. (L.S.)