IMPROVE- MENTS IN COATING, Surfacing, OR ORNAMENTING WOOD
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles August Bluemel, of Globe Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COATING, Surfacing, OR ORNAMENTING WOOD."
Sealed the 16th October 1874, and dated the 22nd April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles August Bluemel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd April 1874.
I, CHARLES AUGUST BLUEMEL, of Globe Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING, SURFACING, OR ORNAMENTING WOOD,"
to be as follows :-
The main object of this Invention is to coat, surface, or ornament.
wood in such manner as to adapt it for various industrial and
marketable purposes, as for instance the production of ornamental and.
effective handles for umbrella and parasols, also walking sticks, fancy
boxes, and other objects, in which white and green ivory may be.
imitated.

page_text: For the purposes of my Invention I use oil varnish, which I combine
with whitelead, chrome (yellow, royal green, and a small portion of red
colouring matter. I usually find half a pound by weight of the oil
varnish with proportionate quantities of the colouring matters.
Without confining myself to these proportions, nor to the herein-after
described modes of carrying the Invention into effect, I wish to state
that I usually proceed as follows:-I grind the oil varnish with the
colours on a stone, mixing them well, and grinding the colours finely.
I sift the compound so as to separate it from impure or extraneous
matters. I think it advisable to apply three coats of the colouring or
surfacing material or varnishing compound, and to subject the coated or
surfaced article after each coating or surfacing to the action of a hot
varnish stove, in which I dry it to blood heat.
After the coatings are dry I apply polishing, whitening, or pumice
powder to smooth the surface, which may be then coated with clear or
unmixed oil varnish, and then dry it by the stove or otherwise.
The colours should be ground fine on a stone or in any other industrial
manner, and they should be sifted to exclude dirt, dust, and other
extraneous substances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles August Bluemel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
AUGUST BLUEMEL, of Globe Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles August Bluemel, Her 'special
licence that I, the said Charles August Bluemel, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles August
Bluemel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,. should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter:

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING, SURFACING, OR ORNAMENTING WOOD," upon the
: condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles August Bluemel, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles August Bluemel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The main object of this Invention is to coat, surface, or ornament
wood in such manner as to adapt it for various industrial and marketable
purposes, as for instance the production of ornamental and effective
handles for umbrellas and parasols, also walking sticks, fancy boxes, and
other objects, in which white ivory and green ivory are to be imitated.
For the purposes of my Invention I use oil varnish, which I combine
with whitelead, chrome yellow, royal green, and a small portion of red
colouring matter.
I proceed to describe the manner in which I carry the Invention into
the best practical effect. I use the best copal oil varnish. I sometimes
mix flake white with the whitelead, or I can substitute flake white as it
is called in commerce for what is called in commerce whitelead. I take,
say, 1 lb. of the whitelead by weight and 1lb. of the oil varnish by
weight, and I grind these ingredients well together on a stone so as to
obtain them in an intimately mixed and very fine condition. I grind
the other ingredients (the colours) on a stone finely, and add a very small
proportion thereof, say, a quantity equal in volume to about half a small,
pea, and mix the same intimately with the combined oil varnish and
lead. For the red colouring matter I recommend the use of carmine.
:
I sift the compound so as to separate it from impurities and other
extraneous matters. I then apply several coatings of the material thus
produced to the umbrella handle or parasol handle, or walking stick, or

page_text: box, or other article which I desire to coat, surface, or ornament. I
usually apply five coatings of the material or compound, and after each
coating I subject the wood, article, or surface to the action of heat in an
ordinary hot varnish stove, in which I raise the temperature above blood'
heat, say, to from 140° to 150° Fahrenheit.
After the coatings are dry I apply polishing, whitening, or pumice
powder to smoothe the surface, which may be then coated with clear
unmixed oil varnish, and I then dry it by the stove or otherwise.
Of course the proportion of colouring matters varies according to the
precise tint or shade which it may be desired to give to the coating or
surface, and I sometimes even dispense with the chrome yellow or the
royal green, or both of these ingredients.
I wish it to be understood that although I have described the propor-
tions which I recommend, and the detailed mode of carrying out my
Invention which I prefer, I do not restrict myself thereto, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention as
above set forth.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim, the coating,
surfacing, or ornamenting of wood, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles August Bluemel, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
four.
Witness,
M. HENRY,
68, Fleet Street,
CHARLES AUGUST BLUEMEL. (L.S.)
London.