Improvements in Apparatus for Separating Iron from Bones or other Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Separating Iron from Bones or
other Substances.
FRANK CHRISTY Broomfield Road Chelmsford Electrical Engineer & JAMES
HARRISON CARTER 82 Mark Lane London Milling Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is the separation of pieces of iron such as nuts, bolts,
horse-shoes &c. from bones or other substances the said pieces of iron being very
destructive to disintegrators or other grinding machines.
For the purpose aforesaid, we employ a cylinder of iron studded with a large
number of electro-magnets set radially, the outer ends being of alternate polarity.
The magnets are so wound & commutated that during one half of a revolution they
are active & the other half passive.
The material to be treated is fed on to the top of this cylinder & carried forward as
the cylinder revolves, the non-magnetic material falling off at the side & the iron
carried half way round & dropped into a box or other receptacle beneath the
cylinder.
The feeder for feeding the material on to the cylinder is kept continually shaken or
vibrated, the object being to cause the iron by gravity to work itself under the other
material & so come more directly on to the magnets.
It is found when dealing with large substances that the iron might ride over the
magnets unless thus shaken.
When dealing with material having about the same weight & density as iron, we
assist this mechanical separation by placing powerful electro-magnets on the underneath
side of the feeder.
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Separating. Iron from Bones or
other Substances.
We, FRANK CHRISTY, Broomfield Road, Chelmsford, Electrical Engineer, & JAMES
HARRISON CARTER, 82 Mark Lane, London, Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is the separation of pieces of iron from other substances.
and particularly for picking out comparatively large pieces of iron from large pieces of
other material.
The principal difficulty encountered previous to this invention being that the iron
was often hidden by the other material and so passed the magnets.
For the purpose aforesaid we employ a cylinder with a number of electro magnets
around its circumference which are so wound and commutated that one portion of
the circumference is active whilst the other portion is neutral.
The cylinder is made to revolve and the material to be treated is fed on to the top
of the cylinder by means of a shaking or vibrating shoot or trough which is inclined
downwards towards the cylinder.
The vibration causes the material placed at the upper end of the shoot to travel
down and then fall on to the cylinder and the iron being usually the heavier gravitates
to the underside and is therefore easily secured by the magnets...

page_text: As the cylinder revolves it carries the material away from the end of the shoot and
the non-magnetic material falls off at the side whilst the iron being retained for a
time by the magnets is carried round further and then dropped into a box or other
receptacle beneath the cylinder.
When dealing with material having about the same weight and density as iron we
assist the preliminary mechanical separation by placing powerful electro magnets on
the underside of the feeder shoot.
The magnet cylinder we form by preference with magnet poles ranged in lines
parallel with the cylinders axis-two or more poles in each line. The magnet poles
in each line we make of alternate polarity and the poles in succeeding lines also
of alternate polarity so that strong magnetic fields are obtained between the poles.
When the aforesaid apparatus is combined with a disintegrator grinding or crushing
machine so that the non-magnetic material delivered from it passes into the feed
hole of such disintegrator it possesses the valuable advantage of serving as an
automatic feed and thereby saves the labour of feeding by hand the disintegrator
grinding or crushing machine.
The material being merely put on the top of the inclined shoot or trough and being
fed forward by the vibration in an approximately steady stream.
In the drawings annexed we have shewn apparatus constructed as above described
feeding material to a disintegrator.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the separator and end elevation of a
disintegrator.
Figure 2 shews a plan view of both separator and disintegrator.
The same letters refer to like parts in the 2 figures.
A is the cylinder revolving in the direction of the arrow it is constructed with a
central yoke B of either cast or wrought iron studded with iron studs C. Each stud
being surrounded with a magnetising coil D of insulated copper wire.
N is a cylindrical casing of brass or other non magnetic metal enclosing the coils
and protecting them from injury. The studs C project through the casing and
have pole pieces usually in the form of nuts secured to their ends outside the
casing.
The magnetizing coils around the several studs are so wound that the pole pieces
in each line and in succeeding lines are of alternate polarity as indicated in
Figure 2. In this figure there are three pole pieces shewn in each line but the
number of pole pieces in each line may be varied according to the size of the
machine.
At the ends of the cylinder A are iron flanges F the edges of which are either
notched, toothed or ratchet shaped. H is the feed shoot or trough it is hinged at its
upper end at J and at its lower end is provided with little rollers G.
These rollers run on the flanges F and thereby keep the hopper H shaking or
vibrating when the cylinder is revolved.
The magnets are active from X to Y and neutral from Y to X. The non-magnetic
material after passing over the cylinder falls into the feed hole K of the disintegrator
or other machine or receptacle M and the iron is carried further round to Y and then
dropped into the box, sack or other receptacle L.
The current may be supplied to the exciting coils of such of the electro magnets as
are for the time in action either in series or in parallel according to the requirements
of the case.
When the coils are to be fed with current in series we preferably supply current to
them through a commutator O fixed on the cylinders axis.
Around the circumference of this commutator there are ranged as many insulated
metallic plates as there are rows of electro magnets on the cylinder.
Current is led by a brush to one insulated plate, then through one row of magnet
coils and back to the next plate through a moveable contact breaker and through the
next row of coils and so on for somewhat more than half the circumference of the
cylinder and then passes off by a brush bearing on the plate to which current has
been last brought. At the same time all passage of current through the plates

page_text: connected to the remainder of the coils is arrested by the moveable contact arms
which bear upon them being turned back by rollers upon the arms being brought by
the revolution of the cylinder against a fixed stop surface.
As the cylinder revolves the several plates are in succession moved past the brushes
and as one plate passes away from each brush another comes up to it and so the
rows of electro magnets of the cylinder come and go successively into and out of
action.
It is obvious that if bones or any material lighter than iron be placed on the upper
end of the shoot H the vibration will cause them to steadily slide down and if any
pieces of iron are present they will gravitate to the underside of the material and so
fall directly on to the magnets.
If material such as metallic ore which has a weight and density about equal to iron
is being treated this preliminary mechanical separation can be effected by placing
powerful magnets P under the shoot-the shoot should in this case be of non magnetic
material or the magnets be carried by the shoot.
We would state that we do not restrict ourselves to the use of the precise con-
struction of magnetic cylinder above described as other constructions of magnetic
cylinder might similarly be used in conjunction with a shaking feeding shoot or trough,
and also that other means than those described may be adopted for giving a shaking
motion to this shoot or trough.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a revolving electro magnetic
cylinder and shaking or vibrating feed shoot or trough substantially as described.
2 In a magnetic separator the combination of a magnetic cylinder a shaking or
vibrating feed shoot or trough and powerful magnets beneath the shoot substantially
as described.
3. The combination of a disintegrator, grinding or crushing machine and magnetic
cylinder substantially as described the magnetic cylinder serving the double purpose
of a magnetic separator and an automatic feeder to the grinding and crushing
machine.
4. The magnetic cylinder with studs standing out radially from a central iron core
in lines parallel with its axis and with two or more studs in each line each carrying a
magnetizing coil and with the coils so wound that the pole pieces in each line and in
alternate lines are of alternate polarity substantially as described.
5. The construction of the magnetic cylinder substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the drawing annexed.
Dated this 11th day of October 1890.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents.