Year: 1888

page_text: communication from abroad by ELIJAH DAILEY
DENHAI, U
Rhode Island, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer,
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to multiple cylinder motors, and speed regulating devices
therefor, and pertains to that class thereof, having a series of cylinders arranged in a
fixed position in the same plane and radiating from a common centre, and to improved
devices connected with the valve thereof, together with an improved crank and pitman
connection, whereby said valve is caused to act by the irregular speed of the motor
and induce a variable stroke of the pistons thereof, and the invention consists in certain
improvements in the details of the construction of the above-mentioned class of motors,
and of said speed-governing devices, all as hereinafter fully described and pointed out
in the claims:
In the drawing forming part of this specification,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a multiple cylinder motor embodying the improve-
ments, the motor in said Figure being shown with the circular plate, which covers
the crank-chamber removed, and with portions of the feed pipes connected to its
base.
Figure 2 is
vertical section of the base of the motor and a front elevation of the
valve case thereof.
Figure 3 is a sectional view and a rear elevation, partly in section, of said valve-case
and the valve-adjusting nut.
Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of the valve-case part shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a rear elevation.

page_text: Figure 6 a side elevation, partly in section, and
Figure 7 a front end elevation of the valve of the motor as constructed when the
governor devices are not attached thereto.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the crank, as made when the motor is used
wi out the governing devices, a portion of the driving shaft, and one of the
pitmen.
Figures 9 and 10, are perspective views of detail parts hereinafter fully described.
Figure 11 is a vertical section of the head of the motor, of the valve-case and valve-
adjusting nut, and of the valve-case extension.
Figure 12 is a vertical section of the valve-case and a side. elevation of the valve
therein, said Figure showing a portion of the driving shaft in the valve and the
crank and crank-pin on the end, of said shaft, as arranged when the governing devices
are not applied thereto. The sectional portion of the rear elevation of the valve-case,
shown in Figure 3, is taken on the line, x, x, of the accompanying sectional view of
said case in that Figure.
Figure 13 is a perspective view of the driving shaft of the motor showing thereon
a driving pulley, the speed governing devices, and the pitman and crank connections
employed therewith, said Figure showing the valve on said shaft having a connection
with said speed-governing devices, said Figure having indicated thereon in dotted
lines two pitmen and the outline of the circular chamber of a motor in which the
crank-disk there shown rotates.
-
Figure 14 is a perspective view, partly in section, of detail parts of the governor
devices, and a portion of the shaft, hereinafter fully described.
Figures 15 and 16 are sectional views of the central part of the cylinder-group of
the motor, showing in end elevation, the crank-disk and shaft and the crank pin
connection, which co-acts with the governing devices, said Figures showing the said
connection, in two different positions, and indicating in dotted lines, the end of the
valve on the shaft back of said disk, one of the pistons, and the lines of the piston-
forces relative to the crank-pin, under different operative positions of the spoed-
governing mechanism.
Figure 17 is a side elevation of the motor with the speed-governing devices applied
thereto, the valve-case thereof being adapted to the application of said devices.
In the drawing, A is the base of the motor, of cast iron or other suitable metal,
having a suitable laterally extending foot thereon through which bolts, are passed, as
shown in Figure 1, whereby the motor is rigidly secured in an upright position. A
feed-pipe 2 conveying water to the motor, may be connected on either side of the
base, both of said pipes communicating with a receiving chamber 3, (see Figure 2)
in the base of the motor, from which chamber the water ascends through a passage 4,
to the valve chamber of the motor.
Said valve-chamber 8, is formed in the valve-case 6, and is divided by the ring-nut 9,
into two sections or parts c and b, section c being the receiving, and section b the
discharge or exhaust section. Said ring-nut is screwed to the inner wall of the valve
chamber, and has one end engaging with the rear side of the enlarged front end e,
of the valve (see Figure 12) the valve passing through and having a rotary motion in
said nut. By means of said ring-nut the bearing surface d, (see Figure 7) of the
said front end of the valve is held against, and adjusted to a proper pressure on that
part of the rear side of the head 12 of the motor where the open ends or ports of the
water prssages 13 are formed, said passages 13 radiating from the front end of the
valve-chamber and leading to and through the side of each cylinder 14, near the outer
end of the latter as shown in Figure 11. By means of said nut 9, the contact of said
bearing-end d, of valve 10, is so regulated that any waste of water is avoided, and no
undue friction of the bearing-parts or surfaces can exist, and furthermore, by means
of said nut, any wear of the valve is easily taken up.
The passage
5 in the stand part of the motor-base (which is of semi-circular form in
cross-section and partly surrounds the said passage 4), communicates with an outlet-
opening in the latter in the rear side of the base, as shown by dotted lines in
Figure 2.

page_text: The lower end of the valve-case 6 is provided with a suitable flange f, and the upper
end of the base A is provided with a similar flange h, and the valve-case is secured to
the top of said standard by suitable bolts passing through said flanges and h.
The valve-case 6 has therein the water-passage 7, which communicates with said
passage 4, in the standard of the base A, and with the portion c, of the valve-chamber:
A discharge passage, leading from the rear portion b, of the valve-chamber,
communicates with the said passage 5, in the upper end of the base standard. The
cross-section form of said passage z, is shown in the bottom of the valve-case 6, in
Figure 4.
The said valve-case has an opening v, through its upper side to afford access to the
notched border of the nut 9, so that the latter may, by any suitable instrument, be
turned to screw it towards and from said head e, on the valve, for the purposes of.
adjusting the valve, as above described. Said opening », is closed by any suitable cap,
which may be secured thercover by screws or other proper means.
The valve 10 constructed preferably from brass or composition metal, is illustrated
in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 12, and is of cylindrical form, excepting its enlarged front
end e, above referred to. In said front end is formed an annular chamber w, which is
adapted to receive a tubular projection y, on the inner side of the motor-head, 12,
(see Figure 11) surrounding the shaft-hole n, through said head. The said projection ý,
serves independently of the shaft 15 of the motor, to steady the said bearing end of
the valve, keeping it in line, and conducing to retain its front end in such position that
its bearing part is held invariably in the same plane with the adjoining side of the
motor-head against which the end of the valve rotates, thereby avoiding a certain
displacement of the bearing end of the valve relative to said side of the motor-head,
which has heretofore occurred more or less, when the valve has been held in line solely
by the said shaft. By said engagement of the end of the valve with the head of the
motor, the position of the valve is not changed by any wear of the shaft or of its
bearing where it passes through the head 12.
The valve, when not used in connection with the governing devices, is keyed by its
rear end at K, Figure 5, to the shaft 15, whereby it is made to revolve with the latter.
The valve has a bearing near its front end, just back of said chamber w, on the shaft 15,
(sce dotted lines in Figure 6) and also back of the perforated enlarged cylindrical
part thereof. The inner walls of said part g of the valve are sufficiently removed
from the sides of the shaft within it, to form an annular chamber surrounding said
shaft which communicates with the open front end of the valve by a passages, shown
by dotted lines in said Figure 6, and the exhaust-water which leaves the cylinders 14,
through the passages 13, enters said open end of the valve and escapes through said
passages, into said annular chamber, and from the latter through openings in the
walls of said chamber into said water-passage z, and thence into the passage 5, in
the base standard, whence it runs free from the motor through said opening in the rear
of the base.
:
I
!. The rear end of the valve, when keyed to shaft 15, as aforesaid, has a packing-sleeve
or thimble 16, secured therein (see Figures 5 and 6) by screws, as shown,, to hold
packing 17, around the shaft and prevent the escape of any water through the rear end
of the valve. A key-seat 18 is made on the rear end of the valve to provide for keying
thereon an eccentric-ring 19, (Figures 10 and 12) with which any suitable connection
may be made, whereby the rotary speed of the shaft and valve is registered, thereby
enabling one to determine the exact amount of water used to run the motor, it being
first determined how much water the cylinders receive and discharge at each revolution
of the shaft, and thus the motor becomes a water-meter to measure the quantity of
water it uses.
That part of the valve extending rearwardly beyond its enlarged chambered portion g,
is enclosed within an extension 20 of the valve-case, having Hanges thereon through
which suitable bolts are placed to secure the extension to the case. The extension 20
has. a packing-sleeve or thimble 21 in its end, secured by suitable screws to hold
packing 22 against that. part of the valve which passes through said. extension, and
prevent the leakage of water. therethrough..

page_text: The said extension 20 of the valve-case is made separate from the case, as described,
to facilitate finishing the valve-chamber in the latter, in which the nut 9 is fitted, as
described.
The valve-case is secured to the rear side of the motor-head 12, by suitable bolts
passing through a flange thereon.
The shaft 15 extends through valve 10 as described, and on its rear end (which is
shown broken off in Figure 12) is secured the driving pulley 31, or a gear with which
is connected any machinery that the motor is to drive. The opposite end of said shaft
passes through the passage 20, of the motor-head and terminates within the crank-
chamber J, in the outer side of the head (see Figure 1) and has fixed thereon, the
crank 23, having the crank-pin 24, thereon, or the disk 34, and crank-pin connection
shown in Figure 13. The said. crank-chamber J is covered by a suitable cover of
disk-form (not shown in the drawing) secured to the head 12, by screws entering the
holes t, shown around the border of said chamber.
The outer ends of the cylinders, which radiate from the centre of the head 12, as
shown in Figure 1, are closed by the screw-plugs 25. The pistons 26 are shown
partly in full, and partly in dotted lines in Figure 1, and in said Figure the pitmen, 30,
are shown with their converging ends against the crank-pin 24, and without the
.below-described bearing, and securing devices.
Referring to Figures 8 and 9, the latter-named Figure illustrates a hardened steel
flanged thimble 27, which is adapted to be placed on the crank-pin, 24, in the position
shown in Figure 8, to provide a hard, durable surface on said pin against which the
ends of the pitmen bear, and which may be renewed when worn, the flange on said
.thimble covering the ends of the arms 28, on the ends of the pitmen, which extend in
a line with the sides of the crank-pin. When the said plate which constitutes the
cover of the crank-chamber J, is secured over said chamber as aforesaid, it approaches
so near the flanged end of the thimble 27, as to retain the latter on the crank-pin in
the position shown in Figure 8.
A split strap 29, having its ends secured together by a suitable screw, is placed
around said pitmen arms, and the ends of the pitmen aro thereby connected to the
.crank-pin. In practice, said strap is so fitted around the pitmen-arms, as to leave its
ends through which said screw is put to unite them, a little way apart, to the end that
the strap may be contracted to take up for any wear between the pitmen and
crank-pin.
The object of the construction and application of the within-described improved
mechanism to motors, is to provide means for causing the rotary motion of the driving
'shaft thereof to be regulated and kept at substantially a uniform speed, by providing
a crank-pin connection for said shaft which permits of a change automatically, of the
position of the crank-pin relative to the axis of said shaft, and by so arranging certain
devices connected with the valve which governs the supply of water to drive the
pistons, that, by the increasing or diminishing speed of the motor, said valve is moved
from its normal position relative to the ports of the cylinders, thereby inducing such
a change in the direction of the action of the piston force as results in a reduction or
Jan increase of the length of the stroke of said pistons, (the same being permitted by
said crank-pin connection) and thereby the speed of the driving shaft is reduced or
increased.
To the driving shaft 15, is fixed a disk 32, whereby the latter is made to rotate with
tlie shaft:
The valve 10 has a position on said shaft 15, but not directly connected with it.
The general form of said valve is shown in Figure 13, in perspective view, and in
dotted lines in Figures 15 and 16, the bearing portion of its end being semi-circular.
The valve 10 has a sleeve-like extension a, on the end of which is keyed a disk 33,
opposite to said disk 32 on the shaft 15, the relative positions of said two disks and
the valve 10 being shown in Figure 13. The semi-circular end of said valve, which
rotates in contact with the central portion of the machine from which the several
cylinders of the latter radiate, alternately covers and uncovers the ports through which
water is admitted to and discharged from said cylinders.

page_text: The semi-circular portion of the end of said valve is indicated by d, and has an
opening D, which cominunicates with a chamber in the valve, and through the sides
of the latter are several openings, or escape ports i, which communicate with said
chamber. One side of the end of the valve 10 is beveled, as shown, so that no part
of said end of the valve oxcept said portion d, thereof, shall interfero with the direct
action of the water against said central portion of the head of the motor.
The end of said valve adjoining the crank-disk 34, Figure 13, rotates in a chamber c
at the rear of said head, into which water is admitted under pressure, and from which
chamber the water flows into such of the cylinder ports 13, (see Figures 11 and 12)
as are uncovered by the said portion d, of the valve, and the exhaust water from said
cylinders is received by the opening D, in said portion d, of the end of the valve,
and from thence flows through the valve and escapes through the said openings i,
Figures 12 and 13, in the sides of the valve, as shown by the arrow, said openings i,
being in communication with an exhaust chamber b, Figures 11 and 12, back of, and
separated from the said chamber from which water flows directly into said ports 13.
Two levers 35 are pivoted at 36, Figure 14, to the inner side of the disk 32, and
occupy, normally, positions parallel to each other. The inner end of each of said
levers 35, is connected by a link 37, with the disk 33, which is fixed on the exten-
sion a, of the valve 10. Said links 37 are pivotally connected to the levers 35, and to
disk 33, and engage with the latter at opposite points thereon as shown.
On the outer end of each of the levers 35, is secured a weight 38, by a set-screw
as shown, whereby said weights may be adjusted on said levers at different distances
from the ends thereof.
Suitable retracting springs 39, connect the levers 35 with the disk 32, or other
object which revolves fixedly with the shaft 15.
Thus it is seen that while the levers 35, maintain a certain relative position, as for
instance, that shown in Figure 13, the position of valve 10 on shaft 15 remains the
same, but when the weighted ends of the levers 35 are, by centrifugal force, as below
described, caused to swing in the directions indicated by the arrows in Figure 13,
opposite the weights 38, the disk 33, and the valve 10, connected thereto are caused
to be turned more or less on shaft 15, proportionate to the said swinging movement of
the levers 35, thereby changing the position of the semi-circular open ended part D,
of the valve. 10, relative to the aforesaid ports 13, through which water passes to
and from the cylinders 14, of the motor. One of springs, 39, of suitable strength,
attached to one of levers 35, may provide sufficient retracting power for both
levers since both must swing equally, and the use of two springs be thus obviated..
The crank-disk 34, is fixed on the end of tho shaft 15. A crank-pin plate 40, is
pivoted by one end to said crank-disk at 41, and in its opposite end is fixed the crank-
pin 42. A curved slot o, is formed through said crank-pin plate, and a check-pin 43,
fixed by one fend in the crank-disk, has its projecting end entering said slot. An
adjusting screw 44 is placed in the crank-pin plate, whose end engages with the side
of the pin, 43, whereby said plate is so adjusted on its pivot 41, that the crank-pin 42,
is brought to such a position relative to the axis of shaft 15, as the normal length of
the piston-stroke may demand.
On Figure 13 are indicated in dotted lines, two of the pitmen 30, of the motor
having one end engaging with the crank-pin 42.
The dotted line circle 45, in Figure 13, indicates the border of the circular
chamber J, in the front side of the aforesaid head of the machine at the converging
point of the cylinders thereof, in which the crank-disk 34 rotates.
The line 46, in Figures 15 and 16, indicates the border of the same circular
chamber above named.
The sectional views, Figures 15 and 16, of the central part of the head, or cylinder
group of the motor are introduced for the purpose of aiding in more clearly illustra-
ting the change, in the direction of the piston-force of the motor under the action of
the governing devices, which takes place when the position of the valve 10, becomes
changed, as aforesaid.

page_text: +
.
In Figure 15, the semi-circular end of the valve is indicated in dotted lines in the
position which it occupies when the end of the crank-pin plate 40, to which the
crank-pin 42 is attached, is swung to its greatest extent towards the periphery of the
crank-disk 34, said plate being checked in its outward movement by the pin 43, as
there shown. The dotted lines, o¹, 02, 03, 04, 08, 06, 07, and o8, all indicate the direction
of the piston-force of each cylinder relative to the crank-pin 42, when the valve
occupies the position relative to the ports 13, of the cylinders, shown in Figure 15.
In Figure 16, the position of the crank-pin plate is shown to be changed from that
shown in Figure 15, and the position of the end of the valve, as there indicated by
dotted lines, is shown also to be different from that indicated by Figure 15, the said
change of position of the crank-pin plate and crank-pin in Figure 16, being induced
by the said change of position of the valve, by the action of levers 35, and a conse-
quent different direction of the piston-force of the motor, as indicated by the change
of direction of said lines, o¹, 02, 03, 0, 0, 0, 07, and 08, in said last named Figure, as
compared with said direction of force in Figure 15. Said lines each consist of
several arrows, whereby the direction of the force of the piston of each cylinder is
indicated.
By reference to Figure 15, it is seen by the position of the valve that the ports of
the cylinders to which the lines 07, 0°, and o, lead, are fully open for the reception
of water, and that the port of the cylinder to which the line o*, leads, is partially
open. In Figures 15 and 16 the arrows of the lines o, 07, 0, and of, indicate that
the movements of the pistons, and the piston-force on those lines are in a direction
towards the crank-pin 42, and the arrows of the lines, 03, 02, 0¹, and os, indicate, that
the piston movements are in the opposite direction from that indicated by the
lines o, o, os, and o, and thereby the crank-disk and the shaft 15, are caused to
rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow on said disk in Figure 13, since the
water is free to escape from the cylinders indicated by the lines, 03, 03, 0¹, and 0%, and
the pistons thereof are free to move in the directions indicated by said lines.
When, however, the valve is moved from its position as shown in Figure 15, to
that shown in Figure 16, it causes the port leading to the cylinder from which line of,
leads, to be fully open, and the full force of the water acting upon the piston of said
cylinder in nearly a direct line, causes the crank-pin plate to suddenly swing and
bring the crank-pin nearer the axis of the driving shaft, and at the same time
.compelling all of the pistons of the motor to take a position in their cylinders
corresponding to the shortened stroke occasioned by said change of position of the
crank-pin, and so long as the force hereinafter described, which moved the valve from
the above referred to position remains constant, said crank-pin will be maintained in
.its changed position.
The operation of the within-described improved speed-governing mechanism, which
is illustrated in Figures 13 and 14, is further described as follows:
°
t
The machinery to be driven by the inotor is connected with the latter by a belt
.running on the pulley 31. The motor being started, the weighted levers 35, by the
requisite prior adjustment of the weights 38, maintain, under the required speed of
the driving shaft 15, such a position tangential to said. shaft as holds the said semi-
circular end of the valve 10, in proper relation to certain ports, 13, of the motor,
whereby a full stroke of the pistons is secured while said required speed is main-
tained, and the crank-pin is maintained in its normal position as aforesaid. But,
should the speed of the motor, from any cause increase, the free ends of said
levers 35, by centrifugal force, swing outwardly to a greater degree, and, acting on
the disk 33, and the valve 10, connected to the latter, the valve is given such a rotary
motion on shaft 15, as changes its relation to said ports, and induces a change in
the position of the crank-pin, as above described, whereby the stroke of the pistons
is shortened and the shaft resumes its normal speed. And thus the said valve is
operated by the movements of said levers under increasing and diminished centri-
fugal force, to keep its relation to the ports of the motor such, that the stroke of.
the pistons is so regulated that substantially a uniform speed of the driving shaft is
maintained.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
1: The motor-head constructed with a series of cylinders radiating from a common
centre, having a shaft-passage therethrough, substantially as described, a series of
water-passages therein extending from one side of said head to said cylinders, and the
tubular projection y, surrounding said shaft-passage, combined with the hollow
valve 10, through which said shaft passes, having an annular recess in its end to.
receive said tubular extension, substantially as set forth:-
2. In. combination, the pitmen 30, having the arms 28, thereon, extending in a
line with the crank-pin, and the split-ring 29, surrounding said arms and crank-pin,
and adjustable thereon to be enlarged or contracted, substantially as set forth.
3. In combination, the motor-head 12, the valve-case 6, secured to said head and
having the valve-chamber therein, the valve 10, having the enlargement e, the ring-
nut 9, surrounding said valve having a screw-connection with the interior of said.
chamber, and engaging with said enlargement e, whereby said valve is held adjustably
against said head and said chamber is divided into the receiving and exhaust sections c
and respectively, and inlet and discharge passages in said case communicating with
said valve-chamber sections, substantially as set forth.
4. The valve-case 6, containing the valve-chamber and having the inlet and dis-
charge passages 7 and, respectively, leading to and from opposite ends of said
chamber, combined with the ring-nut 9, screwed into said chamber and dividing it
into a receiving and an exhaust section, and the hollow valve 10, extending through
said nut and having openings through its walls communicating with the exhaust
section of said valve-chamber, substantially as set forth.
5. The motor-head 12, the valve-case 6, secured to the rear end of said head, com-
bined with the valve-case extension 20, having the packing-thimble 21 therein, and
secured to the valve-case, and the valve 10, substantially as set forth.
6. The valve-case 6, containing the valve-chamber having the opening v; through
its upper side into said chamber, combined with the ring nut 9, screwed into said
chamber, and having a notched border opposite said opening, substantially as set
forth.
7. A driving shaft of a motor having a crank-disk, substantially as described, fixed
thereon, a crank-pin having a pivotal connection on the face of said crank-disk,
whereby said pin may assume different positions relative to the axis of said driving
shaft, a valve, substantially as described, capable of reciprocating rotary motion on
said shaft having a disk 33, fixed on one end thereof, a disk 32 fixed on said shaft
opposite the disk 33, combined with two weight-bearing levers pivoted to the face of
disk 32, and having a link-connection substantially as described, with the opposite
disk 33, and retracting springs connected to said arms substantially as set forth.
8. Means for regulating the speed of motors by varying the stroke of the pistons
thereof, consisting of a driving shaft having a disk 32, fixed thereon, and a crank-disk
fixed on its end, two weighted levers pivoted near one end thereof, on the face of
said disk 32, extending tangential to the periphery of said disk, two retracting springs
connected to said arms, a valve substantially as described, capable of a reciprocating
rotary movement on said shaft having a disk 33, fixed on one end thereof opposite said
disk 32, combined with two links having a pivotal connection with the ends of
said levers and with the disk 32, a crank-pin plate having a curved slot therein
and having the crank-pin fixed thereto, pivoted to said crank-disk, and a pin
fixed in said last named disk, and entering said slot, substantially as set forth.
9. The driving shaft 15, having a crank-disk, substantially as described, fixed
thereon, a crank-pin having a pivotal connection on the face of said crank-disk,
whereby said pin is free to assume positions more or less removed from the axis of
said shaft, a valve substantially as described, capable of reciprocating rotary motion
on said shaft, having a disk 33 fixed on one end thereof, a disk 32 fixed on said
shaft opposite the disk 33, combined with two levers pivoted between said disks to the

page_text: face of disk 32, and having a link-connection substantially as described, with disk 33,
a weight 38, adjustably attached to each of said levers and a retracting spring sub-
stantially as described, connected with one or both of said levers, substantially as set
forth.
10. The combination with the crank-disk 34, having the projecting fixed pin 43,
of the crank-pin plate 40, having a slot in which said fixed pin engages, and an
adjusting screw 44, in its border capable of engaging with said pin, substantially as
set forth..