An Improved System and Apparatus for Tabulating and Registering Statistics and the like,
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1900-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1900
An Improved System and Apparatus for Tabulating and Registering
Statistics and the like,
I, LUCIEN REMI MARCH, of 6, Rue de Castellane, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
-
When a number of given statistics have been collected, whatever the subjects
to which they relate, it becomes necessary to consider the relations which may
exist between them, in order to determine how best they can be distributed in
suitably chosen categories.
In my improved system the use of special cards, operating upon what is well
known as the jacquard system is not required. To classify and count or register
each particular faot or statement, it is only necessary to press upon a particular
key corresponding with a counter or register, the connection between the key
and the counter boing effected either mechanically or electrically.
The apparatus consists of a horizontal frame, provided with a series of number-
ing devices (or numerators), and a keyboard resembling that of a typewriter.
With each key of the keyboard one of the numerators corresponds, the con-
nection between the two being effected mechanically by means of rods and
levers.
The wheel-work actuating the numerators is intermittent in its action. The
use of the numerators described would not be practicable if they were operated
by a current of electricity, as they offer a certain amount of resistance which is
itself variable; whilst a mechanical method of operation allows them to be
utilized for printing directly the results.
In the apparatus which I will now describe the frame is horizontal, and can
be turned up vertically upon an axis at its back edge. In the vertical plane
of this axis a series of horizontal rollers, one above the other, guide the sheets
of paper upon which the figures of the numerators or numbering devices are
printed when the frame is raised, there being one sheet for each row of
numerators, the sheet coming from a supply roller, then passing round a guide
roller, and being finally wound round a receiving roller.
Each receiving roller carries a ratchet wheel, and a vertical bar, which can
rise and fall between rollers or guides, is provided with as many pawls as there
are ratchet wheels, so that each time it is raised and lowered the whole of the
receiving rollers are moved round through a sufficient distance, as soon as n
series of figures has been printed upon them. This rotary movement shifts the
whole of the sheets of paper, in order that a new series of figures may be printed
upon them.
The inking is effected by means of inking ribbons, wound upon another and
lower roller, one of which supplies the ribbon, and the other winds it up, as
required, the ribbon itself passing vertically down in front of the rows of guiding

page_text: rollers already described. The axles which carry the ribbon rollers are capable
of a cortain amount of lateral movement. Before raising the frame varying
the numerators for the purpose of printing the figures upon their surface upon
the papers, the rollers carrying the inking bands are shifted so as to place the
Inter in front of the place where the figures are to be printed. When the print-
ing has been done, and the frame lowered, a Interal movement in the opposite
direction brings back the rollers of the inking bands into their first position.
At the same time, one of them is turned through a short distance so as to move
the inking bands vertically, and keep the inking perfect.
It may be easily arranged that the movement of the numerator frame round
its axle shall automatically effect the movements of the vertical rod carrying
the pawls, and of the rollers of the inking band, without any difficulty.
For instance, if it is required to control the action of the numerators relating
to a certain kind of indications of the separate data, the latter must be counted.
The whole of the corresponding keys will come in contact at their inner ends.
with a horizontal bar (which may be brought back to its position by a spring
after being raised by one or more of the keya) and this bar carries an electrical
contact piece which is brought into contact with another corresponding one when
any key of the series is depressed. In this way an electrical circuit will be
completed, which actuates an electro-magnet by which a clock-work counting
device for recording the whole of the data is worked.
The combination of the counters actuated electrically, with those actuated
mechanically, may be utilized for other purposes. Supposing, for example,
that it is required to make an abstract of census papers. It is required to know
the number in each profession of unmarried, married, widowed, and divorced,
persons, and moreover, it is required that this analysis shall be known respect-
ing fhe condition of the whole of the population.
This object can be attained very simply by such apparatus as that already
mentioned. One series of the numerators is reserved for making this analysis or
abstract of the indications of such condition of life; one of them, for example,
for unmarried persons, the second for married ones, and so on, the fifth being
for persons whose condition is not known. When the separate data or memoranda
of a certain profession are exhausted, the numbers exposed by the numerators
are printed by the processes already described, and another profession is then
taken in the same way.
If each ker lever is provided with a contact piece which closes an electric
circuit when the corresponding key is depressed, and if an adding device is
inserted in this circuit, in a way well understood, this latter will register con-
tinually the number of unmarried persons, (for instance)
whatever their
profession.
When all the data or memoranda have been used, there will remain upon the
sheets the analysis of the numbers of the population in each profession, and the
electric adding devices will give this analysis for the entire number of professions.
Instead of the numerators described, dial counters may be used, but the advan-
tage of printing will be lost, whilst the apparatus is less expensive.
The apparatus consists of a board or frame of such counters, and a keyboard
similar to that of a typewriter, an adding up device or counter corresponds with
each key of the keyboard, but with a distinct connection; the connection of the
two organs is effected mechanically by means of rods and levers; or it may be
done electrically, each key of the keyboard, when it is depressed, making a
contact, or causing a wire to dip into a mercury cup so as to effect the closing
of an electric circuit acting by means of an electro-magnet upon a particular
counter. The mechanical connection is, however, more certain.
The correctness of the operations which have been described can only be
ensured if the operator reads correctly the data or inemoranda of which he has
to make abstracts, and if he makes no mistake in touching the keys. It is,
therefore, indispensable to add to the apparatus described a controlling device.

page_text: By this device the indications transmitted by the keys are transmitted to
paper. A typewriting machine is nothing more than a transmitter of this kind,
so that it is sufficient to cause the keys of the keyboard to operate at the same
time as the counters the hammers or other printing device, such as a drum, of
a typewriter.
In the following arrangement, all the vertical rods which actuate the counters
are provided at the same height with projections or tappets which rest upon a
horizontal bar, which bar is provided at its centre with a horizontal spindle
projecting at right angles from it, upon which is fixed a toothed sector gearing
with a toothed pinion attached to, or forming part of, a revolving printing
drum.
By this arrangement, the depression of any key, and the vertical rod connected
with it, causes the drum to turn through an angle proportioned to the distance
of such vertical rod from the axis of rotation of the horizontal one.
The drum is provided at its circumference with signs corresponding with the
different keys. The printing upon an endless strip of paper of a different sign
for each different key is effected in this manner, and by means which will bo
easily understood.
The arrangement may also be readily applied to Remington or other type-
writers.
It is not, however, indispensable to use printing devices which, whilst they
have the advantage of great clearness, are always somewhat complicated.
A simpler arrangement consists in causing each key to actuate a vertical
needle which pierces a hole in a sheet or strip of paper which is fed forward
from rollers by pressing a pawl against a ratchet wheel. At the same time that
this pawl is pressed, a numerator is operated, which marks upon the sheet of
paper a number. If it is arranged that this number shall be identical with a
number upon the datum or memorandum used in the abstract or analysis, the
control of the transfer of the indications or numbers upon the data or memoranda,
is very easy, by means of the endless band of paper pierced with holes as
described, as each key pierces a hole in a different place. It is advisable to use
ruled paper.
The systems which have been described enable an operator to classify and
count simultaneously the particulars given upon memoranda, tubulated state-
ments, or the like.
Such information is habitually divided into different kinds; for example, the
receipts from railways include the particulars of the dispatching station, the
destination, and the weight of merchandise sent or carried;--or three kinds of
information. In each kind the indications may be more or less numerous, and
to put together and abstract the report which it is wished to study, the possible
indications are divided into groups. For instance, the stations are grouped by
lines, the weights by series of 0 to 20 kil., from 20 to 100 kil., and so on.
The system which has been described enables answers to be readily obtained to
questions of this kind;-how many consignments of from 20 to 100 kil. have
been made, in the course of the year, from the line X to the line Y?
It may also be useful to determine what has been the total weight of theso
consignments. To ascertain this, it is necessary to add to the system already
described a series of counting elements, each of which can be operated by a
toothed sector provided with a projection at its lower end, as many of these
being provided as the total to be obtained contains figures. One element con-
sists substantially of a drum, the circumference of which carries the figures
to 9. On the left face of this drum is fixed a ratchet wheel, and upon the right
face a similar ratchet wheel. The first ratchet wheel is driven by a pawl upon
a small toothed wheel which gears with the sector. The second ratchet wheel
is driven by a pawl which is kept by a spring contact with a cam fixed upon
the preceding drum to the right, in such manner that this second ratchet wheel
moves forward one tooth when the preceding drum has made a complete turn.

page_text: The two ratchet wheels have each ten teeth and a suitable pawl is arranged to
prevent the movement backwards of the drum.
The addition of any number whatever to that marked by the counter-325,
for instance is effected in the following manner:-Projecting pieces at the
bottom of the sectors are moved so as to cause the first sector to pass through %,
of its course, the adjoining drum through %, and the third sector through /, of
its course. The extent of movement of each sector is limited by stops, and a
spring always brings it back to its initial position when it is left to itself. In
the arrangement described, the movement is given by keys, which are always
struck in the same manner. These keys rest upon a horizontal rod which can
move round one of its ends, its other end resting upon a bent lever the vertical
arm of which acts upon a roller fitted at the lower end of the projection of the
first sector. By these means the bent lever is turned through an angle depen-
dent upon the distance between the key attached and the centre upon which the
rod turns. The axis of the counters, and that of the sectors, slides freely hori-
zontally, on rollers, and the last-named axis carries a rack gearing with a toothed
sector provided with a counter-weight which always brings it back to its original
position. A special key operates the pawl by which the toothed sector last
described is turned through an angle sufficient to move the rack, and with it
the counters, through an interval equal to two drums or two figures.
To add 325 to the number indicated by the counter, the key corresponding
to 5 is pressed down, and the separate key last mentioned is then depressed.
The key corresponding to 2 is then pressed down, and the separate key again
depressed, and finally the key corresponding to 3 is depressed. By raising the
pawl which holds back the toothed sector described, the counting devices return
to their first position. A spring always brings back the bent lever to its original
position, determined by a stop which allows a certain movement between the
lever and the roller already described. For controlling or testing the accuracy,
it is sufficient, by means of wires connected to the case as already described, to
actuate the hammers of a typewriter, which print the corresponding figures on
a sheet of paper in the usual way. If the downward projections upon the several
sectors described above were operated directly, a roller carrying 10 figures could
be arranged for each element of the counter, fixed to a toothed wheel which
would gear with the sector. A sheet of paper would rest upon these rollers for
each sum of figures.
The adder-up which has been described could be added to either of the
apparatus described. In the case of the first described apparatus the drums of
the adding-up counter would carry, instead of figures intended to be read directly,
engraved figures to be printed upon the sheets of abstracts.
VAICH
QIM
uay
1033
EDWARDS AND CO.
Chartered Patent Agents,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System and Apparatus for Tabulating and Registering
Statistics and the like.
I, LUCIEN REMI MARCH, of C, Rue de Castellane, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, and accompanying drawings, that is
:―
to say:-
When number of given statistics have been collected, whatever the subjects

page_text: to which they relate, it becomes necessary to consider the relations which may
exist between them, in order to determine how best they can be distributed in
suitably chosen categories.
In my improved system the use of special cards, operating upon what is well
known as the Jacquard system is not required. To classify and count or register
each particular fact or statement, it is only necessary to press upon a particular
key corresponding with a counter or register, the connection between the key
and the counter being effected either mechanically or electrically.
In the accompanying drawings, which are in illustration of my invention,
Figure 1, is a side view of the apparatus, Figure 2 is a plan of the same,
Figure 3 is a front view of a somewhat modified form of construction, Figure 4
is a transverse section of the same, Figure 5 is a detailed view (on a larger
scale) of part of the apparatus, l'igure 6 is an elevation of an adding-up device.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the apparatus consists of a horizontal
frame oscillating on the centre A and provided with a series of numbering
devices (or numerators), and a keyboard resembling that of a typewriter.
With each key of the keyboard one of the numerators corresponds, and with
each numerator a surface R to receive the impression upon a series of vertical
sheets of paper upon which the numerators press and print an impression, when
the frame P is raised.
The keys are connected with the numerators, each by its respective lover and
by a horizontal bar jointed to the bent part of these levers, and to each of the
horizontal bars is jointed a lever G pivotting upon its lower end, and turning
the corresponding counter through 10 of a revolution, by means of a short lever
upon the counter every time that the corresponding key is pressed down. The
indices of these counters are moved forward through a fraction of a revolution
by means of ratchet wheels and pawls, showing one figure in advance each
time.
Parallel with the vertical plane of the axis A, a series of rollers R carry and
guide a set of sheets of paper on which the figures upon the numerators are
printed when the frame P is raised, a separate sheet or roll of paper being
provided for each row of numerators.
coming
and being finally
The sheet F, for example, is shown at the lower part of Figure
from a supply roller R, then passing round a guide roller
wound round a receiving roller R³.
Each receiving roller R carries a ratchet wheel, and a vertical bar, T, T,
which can rise and fall between rollers or guides (Figure 1) is provided with
as many pawls as there are ratchet wheels, so that each time it is raised and
lowered the whole of the receiving rollers R are moved round through a suffi-
cient distance, as soon as a series of figures has been printed upon them. This
rotary movement shifts the whole of the sheets of paper F in order that a new
series of figures may be printed upon them, (see Figure 1).
The inking is effected by means of inking ribbons, wound upon two rollers S, S',
one of which supplies the ribbon, and the other winds it up, as required, the
ribbon itself passing vertically down in front of the rows of guiding rollers
already described. The axles which carry these rollers are capable of a certain
amount of lateral movement, parallel with the vertical plane of the axis A.
Before raising the frame carrying the numerators, for the purpose of printing
the figures upon their surface upon the papers, the rollers S, S1, carrying the
inking bands are shifted so as to place the latter in front of the place where
the figures are to be printed. When the printing has been done, and the frame l'
lowered, a lateral movement in the opposite direction brings back the rollers S, St
of the inking bands into their first position. At the same time, one of them S,
is turned through a short distance so as to move the inking bands vertically,
and keep the inking surface perfect.
It may be easily arranged that the movement of the numerator frame round
its axle A shall automatically effect the movements of the vertical rod T, T,

page_text: carrying the pawls, and of the rollers S, S' of the inking band, without any
difficulty.
For instance, if it is required to control the action of the numerators relating
to a certain kind of indications of the separate data, the latter must be counted.
The whole of the corresponding keys will come in contact at their inner ends
with a horizontal bar m (which may be brought back to its position by a spring
after being raised by one or more of the keys) and this bar carries an electrical
contact piece c which is brought into contact with another corresponding one e
when any key of the series is depressed. In this way an electrical circuit is
completed, which actuates an electro-magnet by which a wheel-work counting
device, placed for example at K, for recording the whole of the data, is worked.
The combination of the counters actuated electrically, with those actuated
mechanically, may be utilized for other purposes. Supposing, for example, that
it is required to make an abstract of census papers. It is required to know the
number in each profession of unmarried, married, widowed, and divorced persons,
and moreover, it is required that this analysis shall be made with reference to
the condition of the whole of the population.
This object can be attained very simply by such apparatus as that already
mentioned, and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. One series of the numerators, P
for example, is reserved for making this analysis or abstract of the indications
of such condition of life, one of them, say, for unmarried persons, the second
for married ones, and so on, the fifth being for persons whose condition is not
known. When the separate data or memoranda of a certain profession or con-
dition are exhausted, the numbers exposed by the numerators are printed by
the processes already described, and another profession is then taken in the
same way.
If each key lever (such as G) is provided with a contact piece which closes
an electric circuit when the corresponding key is depressed, and if an adding
device is inserted in this circuit, in a way well understood, this latter will register
continually the number of unmarried persons (for instance), whatever their
profession.
When all the data or memoranda have been used, there will remain upon the
sheets the analysis of the numbers of the population in each profession, and the
electric adding devices will give this analysis for the entire number of professions.
Instead of the numerators described, dial counters may be used, but the advan-
tage of printing will be lost though the apparatus is less expensive.
The apparatus (illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5) includes a board or frame
of such counters (such as that shewn in the upper part of Figure 3), and a key-
board similar to that of a typewriter (Figures 3, 4, and 5). An adding-up
device or counter corresponds with each key of the keyboard, in one of two ways,
the connection of the two organs being either effected mechanically by means
of vertical rods operating a lever to which is jointed a connecting rod actuating
a pall which drives a ratchet wheel fixed upon the axis of the counter. Or,
the connection may be effected electrically, each key of the keyboard, when it
is depressed, making a contact, or causing a wire to dip into a mercury cup
so as to effect the closing of an electric circuit acting by means of an electro-
magnet upon a particular counter. The mechanical connection is, however,
more certain.
The correctness of the operations which have been described can only be ensured
if the operator reads correctly the data or memoranda of which he has to make
abstracts, and if he makes no mistake in touching the koye. It is, therefore,
indispensable to add to the apparatus described a controlling or checking device.
By this device the indications originated by the keys are recorded upon paper.
A typewriting machine is nothing more than a recorder of this kind, so that it
is suflicient to cause the keys of the keyboard to operate, at the same time as
the counters, the hammers or typelevers, or other printing device such as a
drum, of a typewriter.

page_text: In the arrangement illustrated in Figures
and 4, all the vertical rods which
actuate the counters are provided at the same height with projections or tappets,
(Figure 4) which rest upon a horizontal bar, which bar is provided at its
centre with a horizontal spindle projecting at right angles from it, upon which
is fixed a toothed sector y gearing with a toothed pinion y attached to, or form-
ing part of, a revolving printing drum z.
By this arrangement, the depression of any key, and the vertical rod and
tappet connected with it, causes the drum to turn through an angle pro-
portioned to the distance of such vertical rod from the axis of rotation of the
horizontal spindle.
The drum is provided at its circumference with signs corresponding with
the different keys. The printing upon an cudless strip of paper of a different
sign for each different key is effected in this manner, and by meuns which will
be easily understood.
The arrangement may be readily applied to Remington or other typewriters.
It is not, however, indispensable to use printing devices which, whilst they
have the advantage of great clearness, are always somewhat complicated.
A simpler arrangement (applicable to Figure 1) consists in causing each key
to actuate a vertical needle which pierces a hole in a sheet or strip of paper
which is fed forward round rollers by pressing a separate pawl by hand against
a ratchet wheel as shewn in Figure 5. At the same time that this pawl is
pressed, a separate numerator is operated, which marks upon the sheet of paper
a number, forming an index to this set of data. This number is arranged to be
identical with a number upon the datum or memorandum to be abstracted or
analysed. The checking of the transcription of the indications or numbers upon
the data or memoranda, is thus rendered very easy, by means of the endless
band of paper pierced with holes as described, as each key pierces a hole in a
different place. It is advisable to use ruled paper.
The system, two forms of which have been illustrated in Figures 1 and 5
respectively, enable an operator to classify and count simultaneously the par-
ticulars given upon memorunda, tabulated statements, or the like.
Such information is habitually divided into different kinds, for example, the
receipts from railways include the particulars of the despatching station, the
destination, and the weight of merchandise sent or carried, or three kinds of
information. In each kind the indications may be more or less numerous, and to
put together and abstract the report which it is wished to study, the possible
indications are divided into groups. For instance, the stations are grouped by
lines, the weights by series of 0 to 20 kil., from 20 to 100 kil, and so on.
The system which has been described enables answers to be readily obtained
to questions of this kind:--how many consignments of from 20 to 100 kil. have
been made, in the course of the year, from the line X to the line Y.
It may also be useful to determine what has been the total weight of these
consignments. To ascertain this, it is necessary to add to the system already
described a series of counting or adding-up elements, of a kind such as is illus-
trated in Figure 6, each of which can be operated by a toothed sector S, provided
with a projection J at its lower end, as many of these being provided as the total
to be obtained contains figures (though only three are shown). Euch element
consists substantially of a drum T, the circumference of which carries the ten
figures 0 to 9. On the left face of this drum is fixed a ratchet wheel R, and
upon the right face a similar ratchet wheel R. The first ratchet wheel R is
driven by a pawl upon a small toothed wheel which gears with the sector S.
The second ratchet wheel R', is driven by a pawl which is kept by a spring in
contact with a cam fixed upon the next preceding drum to the right, in such
manner that this second ratchet wheel R, moves forward one tooth when the
preceding drum has made a complete turn. The two ratchet wheels R and R.
have each ten teeth, and a suitable pawl fixed to the piece P is arranged to
prevent the movement backwards of the drum.

page_text: at
The addition of any number whatever to that marked by the counter-325,
for instance is effected in the following manner:-The projecting pieces
the bottom of the toothed sectors are moved so as to cause the first sector J¹ to
pass through of its course, J' through %, and J³ through % of its course.
The extent of movement of each sector is limited by stops, and a spring always
brings it back, to its initial position when it is left to itself. Graduated arcs
enable the extent of movement to be determined. In the arrangement described
and shown in Figure 6, the movement is given by keys, 11, 1ª, 13, 14, 13, 16, 17, 18,
and, which are always struck in the same manner. These keys rest upon a
horizontal rod which can move round one of its ends, its other end resting
upon a bent lever H, the vertical arm of which H, acts upon a roller fitted at
the lower end of the projection J of the first sector St. By these means the
bent lever is turned through an angle dependent upon the distance between the
particular key depressed, and the centre upon which the rod G turns. The
axis of the counters, and that O', of the sectors S, slides freely horizontally
on rollers, and the last-named axis O carries a toothed rack gearing with a
toothed sector R provided with a counter-weight which always brings it back
to its original position. A special key operates the pawl by which the toothed
sector R last described is turned through an angle sufficient to move the rack,
and with it the counters, through an interval equal to that between two drums
or two figures.
To add 325 to the number indicated by the counter, the key is pressed down,
and the separate key is then depressed, so as to bring the projection J* opposite
to the lever H. The key, is then pressed down, and the separate key then
again depressed so as to bring s opposite to H, and finally the key is depressed.
By raising the pawl X which holds back the toothed sector described, the count-
ing devices return to their first position. A spring always brings back the bent
lever H to its original position, determined by a stop which allows a certain
play between the lever I and the roller on J, already described. For controlling
or checking the accuracy of the work, it is sufficient, by means of wires i, i, con-
nected to the case as already described, to actuate the type levers of a type-
writer, which print the corresponding figures on a sheet of paper in the usual
way. If the downward projections J upon the several sectors S described
above, were operated directly, a roller carrying 10 figures could be arranged for
each element of the counter, fixed to a toothed wheel which would gear with the
sector. A sheet of paper would be pressed against these rollers for each added
Bum of figures.
The adder-up which has been described could be added to the apparatus shewn
in Figures 3, 4, and 5 or to that shewn in Figures 1 and 2. In the case of the
first described apparatus the drums of the adding-up counter would carry, instead
of figures intended to be read directly, reversed engraved figures to be printed
upon the sheets of abstracts.
I do not confine myself to the precise details of construction and arrange-
ment, which may be varied more or less, as desired. For instance, the keys
may be actuated by a pantograph of a kind similar to that used for the perfora-
tion of cards, so that for each set of data, a corresponding card will be perforated,
which can serve for a means of control or checking.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The system for tabulating statistics by means of the combination of a series
of numbering devices or numerators and a keyboard, without the use of per-
forated cards, the connection between the counting devices and the keys of the
keyboard being effected, mechanically, or electrically.
2. The combination with apparatus constructed according to Claim 1, of
controlling or checking apparatus, consisting either of the devices used in type-
writers, or of needles connected with the keys, and perforating a sheet of paper.

page_text: 3. The arrangemont, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, in which the figures of
the numerators are impressed upon the sheets of statistics.
4. The combination of mechanical means for operating some of the numerators,
with electrical means for operating other numerators.
5. The adder-up, substantially as described, and illustrated in Figure 6, by
which when different series of amounts have been registered, they can be added
together to obtain a total.
6. The combination of the adder-up claimed in Claim 5 with other forms of
tabulators or adding up devices.
ΔΕΝ ΠΙΤ είπι Βarner
חד
תבזבז
μουν.
EDWARDS AND Co.
Chartered Patent Agents,
65 & 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.