Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1895-Accepted, 17th Aug.,
1895
Figure 4 a ceiling.
The remaining figures will be hereinafter again referred to.
For manufacturing a vault (Figure 1) according to my method first a layer b of
the mixture of cinder mortar and glue is applied to the boarding a corresponding
in shape to the desired vault. Upon this layer b is arranged a layer c of alfa
fibres, which previously have been dipped into a mixture of gypsum and glue ;
the layer c may then be covered again with another layer d of cinder mortar
and glue.
For fastening the vault so manufactured to the wall, there are arranged in the
latter at certain intervals recesses e, into which is introduced likewise the mass
serving to constitute the vault, so that after the mass has hardened, the whole
construction is supported in the recesses e. The vault is suspended from the ceiling
by means of irons of arranged also at certain intervals and fixed in the ceiling, the
said irons being arranged in the lower layer in such a manner that the other
ayers are resting thereupon.

page_text: The vault may extend of course also beyond the centre of the ceiling to the opposite
vall, the attachment on the ceiling becoming then superfluous as in this case the
vault supports itself.
In a vault say of three metres span having a pitch of 0.40 metre the vault is
boarded in the usual manner, either entirely or only partially. The several layers
are then applied as above described.
The total thickness of the layers is in the above cited example of about 5 cm.
which is distributed among the three layers in such a manner, that the middle layer
is somewhat thicker than the two outer ones. The indicated thickness is sufficient
for manufacturing a very strong fire-proof vault.
Iron supports and the like are faced according to the above described method in
the manner illustrated in Figure 2.
☐ shaped bent irons g arranged at certain intervals enclose the support at a
determined distance from the latter. The several layers are then applied to the
support in the above described manner with the aid of a boarding which when
the work is finished, is removed. The irons are fixed at top by any suitable
means.
For constructing floors according to this method directly beside the place,
where the wall is to be erected a boarding h is set up to which the layers are
applied according to the present method.
If it be desired to make immediate use of the floor so that there is not sufficient
time for completely drying it, or for imparting to the floor a still greater resisting
force rods may be embedded therein for the purpose of strengthening it (see
Figure 3). If the parts shown as being horizontal in Figure 3 are put vertically
they constitute a wall according to my invention.
For manufacturing ceilings according to this method, ranges of hooks kare
driven into the several beams and into these hooks are placed rods or round
irons (see Figure 4). The scaffold or skeleton thus produced is then filled with
the materials likewise with the aid of a boarding (which also is afterwards
removed) so that the rods are embedded in the lower layer and carry the
whole ceiling.
Such a ceiling can be suspended on timber-work in such a manner that the
ceiling is not influenced by the warping of the beams on which it is suspended.
The Figures 5 and 6 of the drawing are two vertical sections, the one at right
angle with respect to the other of a self-supporting ceiling suspended in the above-
described manner, Fig. 6 being drawn to a larger scale than Figure 5. The ceiling
consisting of the three layers b c d carries in its middle layer at certain intervals
rods or round irons a' supported in hooks g'. These hooks hang with their upper
semi-circular bent ends on nails or pins e' driven into the beams f.
As the beams f' sag downwards and the upper bent ends of the hooks g' are
open in the downward direction (Figure 5) the nails e¹ descend without taking
along with the hooks g¹. The ceiling b c d is therefore in no way influenced by the
warping of the beams and the danger that the ceiling may be depressed is entirely
excluded. As the ceiling carries itself and the frame consisting of the rods a¹ and
the hooks are applied essentially only for the purpose of manufacturing the 4
ceiling and are useful only until the ceiling is completely dry, it is a matter of no
moment that, when the beams warp, in the present construction the hooks g¹ lose
their supports.
Figure 7 represents such a suspension on I-supports. The hooks g₁are not
suspended on nails, but they grasp the foot of the I-support.
The ceilings and walls may also consist of single plates prepared beforehand of
the three layers, as illustrated in the Figures and 9 by way of example on a
ceiling,
5
irons are suspended in the above described manner on movable hooks g' and
by these irons are supported the plates m. The irons are pasted over with a 5
layer of alfa-fibre and the whole ceiling is covered with a layer of gypsum or of
other plastering. The longitudinal commissures of the plates i.e. the commissures

page_text: or openings extending perpendicularly with respect to the 1 irons are filled
up during the laying of the ceilings etc. with the mixture of cinder mortar
and glue.
As soon as each separate piece has been finished in all these constructions the
boardings etc. may be removed at once and moved forward for being used in the
manufacture of the following piece.
The advantages of a wall, ceiling or the like manufactured according to the
described method are very important. A great advantage consists of the application
of the alfa-fibre which by its very considerable strength imparts to the constructions
a great capacity of bearing-strength and resisting force so that extra strengthenings
are necessary only in the case of extraordinay loads. As moreover the alfa fibre
in opposition to other vegetable fibres is not subject to putrefaction it gives also in
hygienic respects quite satisfactory results.
Owing to the mixture of cinder mortar and in particular owing to the cinder, the
walls, ceilings and the like are absolutely fire-proof. It results from the use of
fire-proofs the parts of which are made with the same materials according to my
invention and at short intervals of time, that a vault when it is exposed to a white-
heat remains completely uninjured.
Another important advantage of the walls or floors constructed according to the
described method consists in the property of such walls, that owing to their
composition they are bad conductors of the sound.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is;-
1. A method for manufacturing fire-proof vaults facings of supports_walls
ceilings and the like consisting in applying to a temporarily erected boarding a
layer of a pulpy mixture formed of cinder or finely ground coke, gypsum lime and
glue whereupon this layer is covered with another layer of alfa-fibre or of another
vegetable fibre of similar quality which previously is dipped into a mixture of
gypsum and glue for the purpose of obtaining a coherent quickly hardening mass
having a great resisting-force this latter layer being covered again with a third
layer of the above mentioned mixture of cinder mortar and glue and for the
purpose of manufacturing vaults walls ceilings facings for supports and the like
also by pieces substantially as set forth and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2. The suspension of a ceiling manufactured according to the method
characterized in Claim 1 in such a manner that rods round irons and the like
embedded in the ceiling are supported in hooks suspended on the timber-work
or on the supports so that when the beams warp the said books are disengaged
from the latter substantially .as set forth and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
3. The mode of manufacturing ceilings walls and the like according to the
method characterized in Claim 1 in such a manner that they are composed of
single plates (m) formed of the three layers (bc d) mentioned in the first claim
substantially as set forth and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 12th day of July 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.