AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINED STEAM BOILER AND RADIATOR FOR WARMING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINED STEAM BOILER
AND RADIATOR FOR WARMING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS."-A commu-
nication.
Sealed the 1st January 1858, and dated the 18th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th July 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINED
STEAM BOILER AND RADIATOR FOR WARMING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to obtain a portable steam boiler
and radiator to warm a single room or suite of rooms by steam generated by
the heat from one or more gas burners. The same construction in which the
Invention consists may, however, be adopted for a boiler and radiator of a
sufficiently large size to heat an entire building, and for the use of any other
fuel instead of gas. The radiator is composed of two plates of metal of any

page_text: desirable size, arranged parallel with each other, or nearly so, from one
quarter of an inch to one inch apart, and united at their edges. The boiler
may be of any convenient form, but the form of an oblate spheroid is best,
as it can be made of two plates of metal united at their edges.
The boiler should be so proportioned to the radiator that it may, when
about from one-third to one-half full, contain about one gallon of water for
every thirty square feet of radiator. At a few inches from the bottom of
the radiator a strip of metal, of a length sufficient to extend to within a few
inches of the ends of the radiator, is rivetted securely between the plates, to
serve as a deflector to the steam which is generated in the boiler, and compel
it to pass into and heat the lower corners of the radiator before rising into
the upper part and centre thereof. In the centre of the radiator there is an
upright pipe, which passes completely through the radiator down into the
boiler, and is provided with a funnel top, into which water is poured to supply
the boiler. At each upper corner of the radiator there is an air-cock or air-
valve to allow the air to be expelled by the steam from the radiator. The radi-
ator may be furnished with a safety valve, set to open with a pressure of half
a pound to the square inch. The safety valve is, however, hardly necessary, as,
by a proper proportion of the radiating surface and fire or heating surface, a
dangerous pressure may be effectually prevented. The radiator is supported
upon fect, with the bottom at such a height from the floor of the apartment
or building where it is used, as to leave room for a gas burner under the
boiler; and the feet should be provided with casters to enable the radiator
and boiler to be moved from one part of the apartment or building to another.
Handles attached to the ends of the radiator enable it to be moved about with
facility
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 18th January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAMS
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, dearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINED STEAM BOILER AND RADIATOR FOR
WARMING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS," being a communication from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
==
The principal object of this Invention, which has been communicated to me
as aforesaid, is to obtain a portable steam boiler and radiator to warm a single
room or suite of rooms, by steam generated by the heat from one or more gas
burners. The same mode of construction which constitutes the Invention, as
applied for heating rooms as aforesaid, may, however, be adopted for a boiler
and radiator, of a sufficiently large size, to beat an entire building, and, for, the
use of any other fuel instead of gas.
.In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of
a combined boiler and radiator, constructed according to this Invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same; and Fig. 3. a transverse vertical
section of the same. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts
in the several Figures.
The radiator A is composed of two plates a, a, of metal, of any desirable
size, arranged parallel with each other, or nearly so, at a distance apart, say,
from one quarter of an inch to one inch apart, and united at their edges, by
bending thom towards each other and soldering them together with a lap
joint, or by other convenient means. b, b, are stays, composed of washers,
between the plates a, a, and rivets passing through the said washers. B is
the boiler, which may be of any convenient form, but I prefer to wake it of

page_text: the form of an oblate spheroid, as shewn in the Drawing, as that form can
be made of the plates of metal, united at their edges by soldering. To unite
the boiler with the radiator, the upper half of the former has a cut made in
it, of a width equal to the full thickness of the radiator, and the plates a, a,
of the radiator are cut out at the middle of their length to correspond with
the roundness of the top of the boiler, and the edges of the cuts in the boiler
and radiator are soldered together.
The boiler should be so proportioned to the radiator that it may, when
about from one-third to one-half full, contain about one gallon of water for
every thirty square feet of the radiator. At a few inches from the bottom of
the radiator a strip of metal c, of a thickness sufficient to fill the space
between the plates a, a, of about half an inch deep, and of a length sufficient
to extend to within a few inches of the ends of the radiator, is riveted securely
between the plates, to serve as a deflector to the steam which is generated in
the boiler B, and to compel it to pass into and heat the lower corners of the
radiator before rising into the upper part and centre thereof, instead of rising
directly into the upper part of the radiator, and escaping at the corners, as it
would do if the deflector were not employed. In the centre of the radiator
there is an upright pipe which passes completely through the radiator down
into the boiler, and is provided with a funnel top e, into which water is poured
to supply the boiler. This pipe descends to the bottom of the boiler, or nearly
so, but is provided below the proper water line with slits r, or small holes,
so that, when the water is too low, steam may escape up the pipe d, and out
at the funnel top c. At cach upper corner of the radiator there is an air-cock
or air-valve, f, which should be opened by hand, if not constructed so as to be
self-acting, to allow the air to be expelled by the steam from the radiator when
the steam gets up, but closed to prevent the escape of steam after the air bas
all been driven out. Air is admitted to the radiator, to prevent collapse when
the steam is condensed by the cooling of the radiator after the gas has been
turned off, or the fire allowed to go out. The air is admitted through the
pipe d, down which it passes, and through the holes or slits r, at the bottom
thereof, and up through the water in the boiler into the internal space of the
radiator, which may, moreover, be furnished with a safety valve g, set to open
with a pressure of half a pound to the square inch, as it is not intended to
have at any time in the boiler and radiator a pressure very perceptibly
exceeding that of the atmosphere. The safety valve is, however, hardly
necessary, as, by a proper proportion of the radiating surface and fire or
heating surface, a dangerous pressure may be effectually prevented.
The radiator is supported upon feet h, h, with the bottom at such a height

page_text: from the floor of the apartment or building where it is used as to leave room
for a gas burner under the boiler, as shewn in Figures 1 and 3, where j repre-
sents a gas burner applied below the boiler, and the feet h, h, should be
provide.l with casters, to enable the radiator and boiler to be moved from ono
part of the apartment or building to another. Handles i, i, attached to the
ends of the radiator, enable it to be moved about with facility.
Having now described the Invention of "An Improved Construction of
Combined Steam Boiler and Radiator for Warming Apartments or Buildings,"
and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim
the construction, arrangement, or combination of parts herein shewn and
described, or any mere modification thereof, whereby a portable combined
boiler and radiator is produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)