Improvements in and connected with Burners for the Production of Non-luminous Flames.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in and connected with Burners for the Production
of Non-luminous Flames.
I, MAX GRAETZ, of 31, Lausitzerstrasse, of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention refers to lamps of the kind, in which a ring or circular plate is
arranged in some height above the wick, and in which said ring or plate is secured to
a perforated cylinder held by the inner wick-tube. My improvements in lamps of said
kind relate to some combinations and arrangements of parts as are fully described
hereinafter, and the main-object of my improvements is to convert the luminous
flame into a non-luminous one, so as to make lamps of the kind in question able to
be used in connection with incandescence-mantles, or for incandescence-lighting
respectively.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing,
in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical section through my improved lamp, and
Figure 2 is a horizontal section in line 3-4 of Figure 1.
The inner wick-tube a carries the perforated cylinder e, and the latter is provided
with the spreading-disk i. The cylinder e is closed at its top, and the disk i is
located below said top. I prefer to arrange said disk in about double the height of
said cylinder. The air passing upwards through the wick-tube a, and entering the
cylinder e, leaves the latter partly below the spreading-disk, partly above the same,
and is in either case divided in a great number of fine currents that leave the said
cylinder in about a radial direction.
The outer wick-tube a¹ is surrounded by a cap o the upper end of which is divided
into two concentric parts o² 0².
Before proceeding with my specification I wish it to be understood that my
improved burner with its non-luminous flame need not indispensably be used for
lighting-purposes only, i.e. in connection with an incandescence-mantle, but may also
be employed for heating-purposes, in which case no such mantle need be made use of.
The main-purpose of the part o² of the cap o is to form a support or auxiliary hold
for the incandescence-mantle (shown in dotted lines only), and I may thus dispense
with said part o² if the heating purpose is the only purpose which the burner is
intended for.
The part o¹ of the cap is of prominent value. The configuration as well as the
height of the same form important and characteristic features of my invention.
The part of extends up to a plane located between the plane of the upper ends of the
wick-tubes and the plane of the spreading-disk i, preferably up to about half the
height between said two planes, and it is comparatively strongly contracted so that
its edge gets comparatively near to the edges of the wick-tube a¹ and the ring i.
By thus narrowing the annular way (between the edges of the spreading-ring i and
the part of of the cap o) the gases developed out of the petroleum within, and at the

page_text: head of, the wick cannot all pass through said way, but a part of the gases is
compelled to enter the cylinder e through those perforations that are located below
the ring i. This is also due to the air ascending between the wick-tube a¹ and the
cap o being directed towards the lower surface of the ring i and against and into the
cylinder e by the part of of the cap.
There arises thus a mixture of air and petroleum-gas in the annular space formed
by the upper surface of the wick, the adjacent part of the cylinder e, the ring i, and
the upper end of the part o¹ of the cap, and a part of said mixture escapes directly
through the annular way mentioned at the commencement of the preceding
paragraph, whereas the other part escapes on an indirect way, i.e. through the
cylinder e. This part mixes within said cylinder with the air ascending within
the wick-tube a; and owing to the cylinder e being exposed to the great heat of the
(non luminous) flame the mixture gets also strongly heated, expands so as to receive
a certain tension, and escapes under the pressure of the latter through those
perforations of the cylinder e that are located above the ring i.
At the edge of the latter the many fine currents of the heated mixture meet,
penetrate, and mix with, the other or first part of the mixture, and there is thereby
obtained a complete combustion of the gas, and produced a perfectly non-luminous
flame. Of course, this is partly dependant on the relative quantities of the gas and
air, but this may easily be regulated by screwing the wick upwards more or less, so as
to enlarge or diminish the surface producing the gas.
Dated this 6th day of April 1807
MAX
GRAETZ,
By Geo. H. Rayner,
Agent for the Applicant.
ади
connected with Burners for the Froduction
of Non-luminous Flames.
I, MAX GRAETZ, of 31, Lausitzer Strasse, of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to lamps of the kind, in which a ring or circular plate is
arranged above the wick and in which said ring or plate is secured to a perforated
cylinder, held by the inner wick tube. My improvements in lamps of said kind
relate to various combinations and arrangements of parts as are fully described
hereinafter, and the main-object of my improvements is to convert the luminous
flame into a non-luminous one, so as to make lamps of the kind in question able to
be used in connection with incandescent mantles, or for incandescent-lighting
respectively.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the drawing left with
Provisional Specification, in which :
Figure 1 is a vertical section through my improved lamp, and
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on line 3-4 of Figure 1.
The inner wick-tube a carries the perforated cylinder e, and the latter is provided
with the spreading disc i. The cylinder e is closed at its top, and the disc is located
below said top. I prefer to arrange said disc in about half the height of said cylinder.
The air passing upwards through the wick-tube a, and entering the cylinder e, leaves
the latter partly below the spreading-disc, partly above the same, and is in either case
separated into a great number of fine currents that leave the said cylinder in
approximately a radial direction.

page_text: The outer wick-tube a¹ is surrounded by a cap o the upper end of which is divided
into two concentric parts o¹ 02.
Before proceeding with my specification I wish it to be understood that my improved
burner with its non-luminous flame need not indispensably be used for lighting-
purposes only, i.e. in connection with an incandescent-mantle, but may also be
employed for heating-purposes, in which case no such mantle need be made use of.
The main purpose of the part o² of the cap o is to form a support or auxiliary rest
for the incandescent-mantle (shown in dotted lines only), and I may thus dispense
with said. part o² if the heating purpose is the only purpose which the burner is
intended for.
The part
of the cap is of especial importance. The shape as well as
the height of the same form important and characteristic features of my
invention.
The part of extends up to a plane located between the plane of the upper ends of
the wick-tubes and the plane of the spreading-disc i, preferably up to about half
the height between said two planes, and it is comparatively near to the edges of the
wick-tube a¹ and the ring i.
By thus narrowing the annular way (between the edges of the spreading-ring i
and the part of the cap o) the gases developed from the petroleum, and at the
top of the wick cannot all pass through said way, but a part of the gases
compelled to enter the cylinder e through those perforations that are located
below the ring i. This is also due to the air ascending between the wick-tube a¹
and the cap o being directed towards the lower surface of the ring i and against and
into the cylinder e by the part o¹ of the cap.
There arises thus a mixture of air and petroleum gas in the annular space formed
by the upper surface of the wick, the adjacent part of the cylinder e, the ring i, and
the upper end of the part o¹ of the cap, and a part of said mixture escapes directly
through the annular way mentioned at the commencement of the preceding paragraph
whereas the other part escapes in an indirect path, i.e. through the cylinder e.
This
part mixes within said cylinder with the air ascending within the wick-tube a; and.
owing to the cylinder e being exposed to the intense heat of the (non luminous) flame
the mixture gets strongly heated, expand: so as to receive a certain tension, and
escapes under the pressure of the latter through the perforations of the cylinder e
located above the ring i.
At the edge of the latter the many fine currents of the heated mixture meet,
penetrate, and mix with the other or first part of the mixture, and thus a complete
combustion of the gas is attained, and a perfectly non-luminous flame produced. Of
course, this is partly dependant on the relative quantities of the gas and air, these
quantities may, however, easily be regulated by screwing the wick upwards more or
less, so as to enlarge or diminish the surface by means of or upon which the gas is
produced.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a burner for the production of a non-luminous flame, the combination with
the inner and the outer wick-tube, of a perforated cylinder closed at its top, and
arranged upon the inner wick-tube, so as to project beyond the wick; a ring arranged
upon the outside of said cylinder below the top of the latter; and a cap surrounding
the outer wick-tube, and extending up to a plane located between the plane of the
upper ends of the wick-tubes and the plane of said ring; the upper end of said cap
being contracted, for the purpose as described.
2. In a burner for the production of a non-luminous flame, the combination with
the inner and the outer wick-tube, of a perforated cylinder closed at its top, and
arranged upon the inner wick-tube, so as to project beyond the wick; a ring arranged
upon the outside of said cylinder in about balf the height of the latter; a cap
surrounding the outer wick-tube, and extending up to a plane located in about half

page_text: the height between the plane of the upper ends of the wick-tubes and the plane of
said ring; the upper end of said cap being contracted, for the purpose as
described.
3. In a burner for the production of a non-luminous flame, the combination with
the inner and the outer wick-tube, of a perforated cylinder closed at its top, and
arranged upon the inner wick-tube, so as to project beyond the wick; a ring arranged
upon the outside of said cylinder below the top of the latter; and a cap consisting of
two concentric parts surrounding the inner wick-tube, the inner part being contracted
and extending up to a plane located between the plane of the upper ends of the
wick-tubes and the plane of said ring, the outer part extending up to above the
plane of the said ring, for the purpose as described.
4. In a burner for the production of a non-luminous flame, the combination with
the inner and the outer wick-tube, of a perforated cylinder closed at its top, and
arranged upon the inner wick-tube, so as to project beyond the wick; a ring arranged
upon the outside of said cylinder below the top of the latter; and a cap surrounding
the inner wick-tube, and having its upper end so divided into two concentric parts,
that the inner part is contracted, and extends up to a plane located between, the plane
of the upper ends of the wick-tubes and the plane of said ring, the outer part
extending up to above the plane of the said ring, for the purpose as described.
Dated this 90th day of December 1907
By Geo. H. Rayner,
MAX GRAETZ,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.