IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUBES OR BLOCKS OF SUGAR, SALT, OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Jager, the younger, of Liverpool, in the County
15
of Lancaster, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CUBES OR BLOCKS OF SUGAR, SALT, OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND IN
APPARATUS APPLICABLE THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Jager, jr., at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1880.
GEORGE JAGER, the younger, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUBES OR BLOCKS OF SUGAR, SALT,
OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE THEREFOR."
In carrying out my process of manufacture I take the boiled mass, as taken from
the vacuum pan, and while still hot press it into moulds formed in a plate. The
usual size and shape of these are 13/16 inch cubes. This plate, preferably planed
on both sides and pierced throughout with these holes, can either rest on a smooth
table with a piece of calico or other cloth between to serve as a joint, and prevent
the cubes running into each other or forming webs,-or-it can be arranged with a
series of loose plungers forming the bottoms of the holes. The former plan I prefer
as simplest.
The plate filled with sugar, the calico, and table are then taken bodily to one
side to harden, and then to a stamping mill with stamps so spaced and shaped that
every hole in the plate shall receive a stamp fitting its contour.
After stamping the cubes are taken out of the inoulds and passed in by belts to
the next operation. One way of taking them out of the moulds is as follows:-The
plate containing them is rigidly suspended in position by clamps or supports from
the press holding into lugs in the plate, the table is then slid from under and the
stamps lowered still further, the cakes then fall out on to the belt or other support
that carried the table.
The belt upon which the cubes fall, or the hopper in lieu thereof, as the case
may be, carries the cakes to where they undergo the next operation, namely, filling

page_text: into small wire baskets. These wire baskets are shaped so as when united in a
circle to form a solid annulus that will just fit the interior of a centrifugal machine.
Placed in position in the centrifugal the latter is set in motion. When the liquor
ceases to fly out the centrifugal is stopped, the baskets taken out and dipped into
a trough of saccharine liquor of the required degree Twaddel, then again
centrifugaled.
If necessary this dipping and drying process is repeated till sufficiently
whitened.
Although I have only mentioned cubes, it is obvious that cylinders, polygons,
and other shapes can be made in this manner by merely substituting another
mould, plate, and stamps, and the latter can be so shaped as to imprint in relief
name and trademark of the maker or other design on the surface of the block.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Jager, jr., in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th June
1881.
GEORGE JAGER, the younger, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUBES OR BLOCKS OF SUGAR, SALT,
OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE THEREFOR.'
"
This Invention is best described by aid of the accompanying Drawings of
mechanism for carrying out my process, in which Fig. 1 is a plan of a mould, and
Fig. 2 an elevation of mould and plate E underneath, described in details further on;
Fig. 3 and 4, elevations of apparatus for filling moulds; Figs. 5 and 6, elevations
of press for pushing the blocks of sugar from the moulds,; Fig. 7, plan showing
baskets fitted into centrifugal machine; Figs. 8 and 9, views of a wire basket.
The process is as follows:-The "boiled mass
" or semi fluid mass as it is taken
from the vacuum pans while still hot is passed into the heater or receiver A. This
is provided with a hose or spout B and cock C for transferring the sugar onto the
mould plates D; D, mould plates; these plates are constructed so as to exactly fit
the press hereafter described, and are pierced with numerous square parallel sided
holes, as shown. Instead of square holes however round, hexagonal, or other
shaped holes may be used, but the punches of the press hereafter described must be
made to correspond. These mould plates are cast or planed true on each side, and
laid on a second plate E, with a piece of calico, canvas, or other cloth F between to
make a joint and to absorb a portion of the syrup, thus making the block of sugar
hard enough to be pushed out after standing an hour or so; G is a travelling belt
supporting the plates E, running on smooth flanged pulleys; it can be supported at
intervals by carrying rollers H, as shown; I is a spreader or scraper turned at a
right angle at each side as broad as the mould plates, and so placed that as the
plates are drawn or slid under it, this scraper scrapes all the superfluous sugar
forward over the moulds, thus further tending to fill them. Although only a
carrying belt is shown, a railway and series of carriages or a slide or gantree and
sliding carriages can be substituted, and the lower plates E can be fitted so as to
act as sliding or running carriages. The plates filled with sugar, the calico, and
lower plate are now piled on carriages and taken to one side for the sugar to
harden, they are then ready for emptying. For this part of the process the plates E
and cloth F are removed, and the moulds are moved along the gantree or slide .J
under the press, being stopped at exactly the right point by a stop or spring catch.
The press armed with a series of punches K then descends, being actuated by the
handle L, and eccentric M, or by hydraulic or machine power, as the case may be
(in large works either of the two latter will be employed), and the blocks of
sugar are driven out, descending on the spout or board N into a basket or other
receptacle or onto a band or carrier, so as to be carried to a hopper, from which
they are filled into wire baskets or perforated boxes, as shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, and
these are placed in the centrifugal machine in the manner shewn in Fig. 7, the
baskets being so dimensioned as to exactly fill the periphery of the centrifugal
machine. The centrifugal machine is then set in motion, and all the moisture
forced out that can be expelled. It is then stopped, the baskets taken out, dipped
in a trough or receptacle of saccharine liquor, and reinserted in the centrifugal
machine. The process is then repeated, and if necessary a second or third dipping
and centrifugaling is effected till the sugar is sufficiently white, when a blast of hot
air is turned on, and thus the sugar is stoved before leaving the centrifugal.
Having now described my Invention, and the best mode known to me of carrying

page_text: it into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new, and desire
to protect under Letters Patent, is,―
First. The process of manufacturing cubes or blocks of sugar, salt, or other like
substance by taking the boiled mass or semi fluid material direct from the vacuum
or other evaporating pan, and pouring it into a frame of moulds, such as D,
scraping the surplus matter off and allowing it to cool in the moulds, substantially
as described.
Second. The process of manufacturing cubes or blocks of sugar, salt, or other
like material by running it into moulds formed of a plate full of holes open at top
and bottom, and resting on another plate with a layer of softer absorbing material
between as a joint, pressing the material out of these molds (after it has set and
the lower plate has been removed) by means of a press armed with a series of
plungers corresponding to the molds or its mechanical equivalent, substantially as
above set forth.
Third. The process of manufacturing cubes or blocks of sugar by casting the
material in moulds or otherwise shaping it, and then placing the shapes so formed
into baskets fitted into a centrifugal machine, rotating the machine, then stopping
it, again damping the lumps with syrup, again centrifugaling, and if necessary
continuing the alternate damping and centrifugaling until the lumps are sufficiently
pure or white, when they can be dried by a blast of hot air let into the centrifugal
inachine.
Fourth. The apparatus for manufacturing cubes or blocks of sugar, salt, or the
like material, consisting of the spirit valve, scraper, and mould plate, substantially
as described.
Fifth. The combination of the mould plate (D) with parallel faces, the calico or
other cloth (F), and the lower plate E, for the purposes described.
Sixth. The combination of the slide or gantry (J), the mould plates (D) sliding
thereon, the press piston with a series of plungers (K) fitting the moulds (D), a
stop or stops to arrest the mould plate exactly as it reaches the right point on the
gantry, and a spout (N) or a travelling band or other carrier for guiding the cubes
into a basket or other receptacle, substantially as described.
Seventh. The wire baskets shaped so that when placed in a centrifugal machine
they form a complete annulus, substantially as and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Jager, the younger, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
CODOR TACED
TTTATR
GEORGE JACER, JUN". (L.S.)