CERTAIN MACHINE FOR MOVING ALL KINDS OF HEAVY ARTICLES, EITHER BY RAISING OR LOWERING THEM PERPENDICU- LARLY, OR BY REMOVING THEM IN AN HORIZONTAL, OBLIQUE, OR CURVILINEAR DIRECTION, OR ON AN INCLINING OR DECLINING PLANE, OR BY CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF THE SAID ARTICLES FROM THAT ON WHICH THEY ARE MOVING INTO OTHER DIRECTIONS, AS OCCASION MAY REQUIRE, AND IN ALL PERPENDICULAR, OBLIQUE, OB CURVILINEAR DIREC- TIONS, IP REQUIRED, TO KEEP THE ACTION OF THE WEIGHT OF THE ROPE OR CHAIN BY WHICH ANY ARTICLES ARE SUSPENDED EQUAL OR NEARLY SO UPON THE POWER WORKING THE MACHINE AT ALL DEPTHS WHATEVER, NOTWITHSTANDING THE VARIABLE LENGTH AND CONSEQUENT WEIGHT OF SUCH ROPE OR CHAIN; AND WHERE ARE IN ANY BUCKET OR OTHER VESSEL BY THE MACHINE
Year: 1794

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
MOLLARD, of the Parish of Maddern, in the County of Cornwall, Tinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-third day of October, in the thirty-fourth year of His said
Majesty's reign, did give and grant unto me, the said David Mollard, His
special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said David
Mollard, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the
term of years therein expressed, use, exercise, and vend, throughout that part
of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, a "CERTAIN MACHINE FOR MOVING
ALL KINDS OF HEAVY ARTICLES, EITHER BY RAISING OR LOWERING THEM PERPENDICU-
LARLY, OR BY REMOVING THEM IN AN HORIZONTAL, OBLIQUE, OR CURVILINEAR DIRECTION,
OR ON AN INCLINING OR DECLINING PLANE, OR BY CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF THE
SAID ARTICLES FROM THAT ON WHICH THEY ARE MOVING INTO OTHER DIRECTIONS, AS
OCCASION MAY REQUIRE, AND IN ALL PERPENDICULAR, OBLIQUE, OB CURVILINEAR DIREC-
TIONS, IP REQUIRED, TO KEEP THE ACTION OF THE WEIGHT OF THE ROPE OR CHAIN BY
WHICH ANY ARTICLES ARE SUSPENDED EQUAL OR NEARLY SO UPON THE POWER WORKING
THE MACHINE AT ALL DEPTHS WHATEVER, NOTWITHSTANDING THE VARIABLE LENGTH
AND CONSEQUENT WEIGHT OF SUCH ROPE OR CHAIN; AND WHERE THE ARTICLES ARE
MOVED IN ANY BUCKET OR OTHER VESSEL BY THE MACHINE IN AN HORIZONTAL,

page_text: OBLIQUE, OR CURVILINEAR DIRECTION, OR ON AN INCLINING OR DECLINING PLANE, THE
SAME MAY BE EMPTIED OR THROWN OUT OF SUCH BUCKET OR OTHER VESSEL BY THE
MOTION OF THE MACHINE ONLY;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso, obliging me, the said David Mollard, by an instrument in writing under
my band and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
David Mollard, do hereby declare that the following is a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and of the manner in which the same is to
bo performed, (that is to say):-
My method of removing weights perpendicularly to any given height, and
afterwards removing them to any assigned distance and in any direction, is as
follows: First, by a frame or frames (which I call a moveable catch frame),
running on beams rectilinear, when the weight is to go in a straight direction;
and curvilinear, when it is to be conveyed in a curve. In this frame are fixed
wheels, as in Figure 1 of the Plan herein-after described, to which, by means of
a rope or chain running round the axle or axles of such wheels, must be fixed
the weight to be moved. This weight will be raised or lowered perpendicularly
till it arrive at the height or depth wanted, when, by means of a catch let down
on the smaller of the two wheels, the action of the larger is stopped; and if it
be wanted to convey the weight lifted up to a given distance, the article so
lifted striking a pin at the bottom of the frame at once lets down the catch and
disengages the frame, as described in Figure 4, which moves along the beams
till the weight be carried to the distance required.
'
And my method of preventing the weight of the rope or chain which suspends
the articles from having any considerable effect on the power which works the
machine is hereafter particularly described in my explanation of Figure the 7th.
Figure 1 is a plan of the moveable catch frame. A, A, A, A, represent the
frame; B, B, a wheel with a groove in it, with bars or ribs across the groove
to keep the rope that works in it from slipping. This wheel is firmly fixed
on its axle C, as is also the wheel D, D, which has cogs in it, into which falls
the tooth or cog of the catch or stopper G, when wanted to stop its motion, ns
inay be seen in Figure 2. The catch G is firmly fixed on an axle which
turns on pivots in the above frame and is carried along with it, as is also the
nxle C with its wheels, from which axle is suspended the rope or chain from
which the articles to be moved are suspended.

page_text: The moveable frame may be made to turn on. hinges at the four corners,
and the four rollers or wheels E, E, E, E, on which the same is carried,
are placed in the sides of the frame near the corners, as in Figure 1. On
the inside of the frame near the corners are fastened four pieces of wood or
metal, which I call guides, and which project below the sides of the frame so
far as to be within the beams on which the rollers move, to prevent the rollers
from slipping over. The end of the stem of the catch G projects above or
beyond the cog which falls into the wheel, and there is also a bar or stem
projecting downwards from its axle, as in Figure 2, the use of which will be
shewn in the description of the machine given in Figure 4, herein-after
explained. I, K, are two cleets which are fastened to one of the sides of the
frame, and the use of which will be also explained in the said description of
the machine given in Figure 4. It may be useful, but not absolutely necessary,
that there should also be a piece of wood or metal, L, M, fastened to one of the
sides of the frame, as at L, and turning freely on its centre at M, which will
serve to suspend the pulley from which the articles to be moved are
suspended. It must be bent upwards so as not to touch the wheels, and
if the moveable frame has no hinges it may be firmly fastened on both sides of
the frame.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of Figure 1, in order to shew the different
movements more plainly. The letters in Figure 1 point to the same objects
as those in this Figure, and the stem which projects downwards from the axle
of the catch G is shewn at H.
Figure 3 is a view of the catch which stops the moveable frame; A, B, is
the stem of the catch, which catch is suspended by one of the beams on which
the moveable frame is carried on the pivots C, C, and which must lean
against the said beam. At H is a pin, which as the moveable frame comes
forward strikes the part of the catch G which is above or bejond the cog or
tooth which falls into the wheel, sce Figure 2, and lifting it up out of the
wheel sets the wheel at liberty to move on its centre, and at the same time the
cleet I, near the end of the frame, pushes back the catch A, B, and forces its
way till it be past the stem of the catch, which then again instantly falls in
against the beam and prevents the frame from returning back; D is a pin, on
which as on a center is hung the lever G, F, and at a convenient distance is
also the pin E, which pin is a little above the lever G, F, as in the Figure,
and consequently if a sufficient force be applied to the lever at F, so as to lift
it up to the pin E, the pin E will then act as a fulcrum, and the stem or part
of the catch A, B, which leaned against the beam, will be forced back from it,:
and thereby the moveable frame will be again disengaged.

page_text: Figure 4 is a perspective view of the machine which I call a double machine,
and intended for loading and unloading of ships and other vessels, and for more
conveniently removing all kinds of heavy articles, which will be done with great
speed, if two of these machines, which I call moveable catch frames, be placed
with their apparatus, as described in Figures 1 and 2, by the side of each other,
in such a manner that the application of one and the same power may work
them both. E, E, F, F, G, G, are three beams, or rows of beams, extending in
length to at least the whole distance to which the articles are to be removed.
The middle beam of these three should be at least as wide as the other two, so
that the moveable catch frames, when placed upon them, as in this Figure, or
in Figure 9, may pass by each other without touching one another. Those ends
of the beams which are next to the place where the power is applied are sup-
ported by a beam across the posts K, K, and the other ends are supported
by a beam across the posts D, D, and they are suspended in the middle
by certain pieces of wood or metal, which I call supporters, and which hang by
ropes or chains from the intermediate posts A, A, B, B, C, C, as in this Figure,
and by which they may be drawn up, or let down, at pleasuro. Each of theso
rows of beams will, when the machine is of a great length' consist of several
shorter pieces made to fit one another by a kind of joints, with pins or bolts
passing thro' them, as may be seen at L, L, L. There is one of these joints
are every post where the supporters are placed, and the pins or bolts which
pass thro' these joints pass also thro' the supporters, but so as that both beams
and supporters may turn freely on the pins, as on a center.
Figure 8 is a view of one of the supporters in which the hooks at A and C
are fitted to receive the two outer beams, and the middle bar B goes thro' the
middle beam. The pins or bolts are represented in their places, and on the
upper end D of the supporter are three holes for the ropes or chains. It
must be remembered to make thom both wide enough and high enough for the
moveable frames to pass between their stems or legs a, b, c.
I now return to Figure 1. The axle of the wheel I, which I call the winch
wheel, is supported by the posts K, K, and this has two handles, as in
Figure 4, to which handles the power to work the machine must be applied.
This wheel works the wheel FI, which is also supported by the posts K, K.
The wheel has another wheel fastoned to it so as to turn round with it.
This wheel cannot be seen in the view of this Figure, because it is less than
the former wheel II, and supposed to be on the other side of it, but it may be
seen in Figure 9, close to the wheel denoted by the letter II. The wheel
fastened to the whoel II has a groove in it which receives the endless rope
which works the machine. Near the wheel H is the block V, which slides in

page_text: two grooves made in two beams, of which one only can be seen in the Plan.
This block has a pin in it projecting upwards, on which is placed the pulley or
wheel T, which has a groove for the endless rope, and to the same block V is
fastened a rope or chain, which coming over the beam which crosses the posts
X, Y, hangs down between the said posts, to which rope or chain a weight W
is affixed, and serves to keep the endless rope always tight upon the wheels.
There must be also a pulley or wheel placed at the other end of the machine,
with a groove to receive the endless rope, and it may have a slide like the
other if required, which as it cannot be seen in this Plan may be seen in
Figure 9. Near the posts D, D, which are at the end of the machine, are.
placed on opposite sides the catches O, P, and R, S, of which catches I have
given a fuller view in Figure 3; and towards the other end of the frame on
opposite sides are placed the catches M and N, which are similar to those in
Figure 3, except that the pin, which in the latter is nearly on the top of the
stem of the catch, must in the former be lower down, so as to strike the stem
or bar which projects downwards from the axle G in the moveable frame, see
Figure 2. a and bare the moveable catch frames with their apparatus, as in
Figure 1 and Figure 2; and from the axle of the wheel in the frame a the
cask & is suspended by a rope or chain.
I shall now proceed to shew how the endless ropo (which is the rope that
works the machine) is reeved round the several wheels; but as this is best
done by viewing Figure 9, as the endless rope is supposed to be hid by the
beams in Figure 4, I shall proceed to explain that Figure. Figure 9 is a plan
of Figure 4; F, G, and I, K, are the two moveable catch frames, with their
apparatus mentioned in Figure 1 and Figure 2, which move on the beams
M, N, O, P, P, P, P, P, P, are the beams which cross the posts which
support the machine, the posts themselves not being able to bo seen in this
Figure; D, D, D, D, are the catches which stop the moveable frame; H is
the wheel which is worked by the winch wheel, which is hid by being under it;
C, the roller or wheel, which runs in a slide; and A is the opposite wheel or
roller. The dotted lines a, b, d, E, represent the rope which I call the endless
rope, which has its ends fastened to each other at E. The method of receiving
the endless rope is thus: from E the rope is reeved through the groove in the
wheel or roller C, and from thence it goes round the groove in the wheel at H,
from whence it is continued to the wheel B, in the moveable catch frame F, G,
and passing round the groove in the said wheel it is then reeved through the
groove in the wheel or roller A, and from thence to the wheel B, in the
moveable catch frame I, K, and passing quite round the groove in the wheel
B, it is continued to E, where its both ends are fastened together.

page_text: I now return again to Figure 4. To work this machine, turn round the
handles on the axle of the wheel I, which wheel will then work the wheel II,
together with the wheel on which the endless rope goes round; and the wheels
in the moveable catch frames being prevented from turning on their centres
by the catches or stoppers explained by Figure 2, the moveable frames them-
selves will in consequence be moved along the beams in opposite directions,
and consequently whatever articles are suspended from the axles of their wheels
(as the cask at P), will be removed likewise. When the moveable catch
frame comes to the catch O, P, it forces it back from the beam by means
of the clect I, see Figure 1, and at the same time the catch c of the wheel
in the moveable frame strikes against the pin O, which raising it up disengages
the wheel, see Figure 2, and the momentum or velocity of the frame
carrying it still forward the cleet I passes the catch O, P, which then instantly
comes close to the beam and prevents the frame from going back, while a
piece of wood across the end of the beams prevents it from going forward,
and so the velocity of the moveable frame is transferred to the wheel,
which then moves on its center and lowers down the rope or chain
which winds round its axis. When the moveable frame a comes to the catchi
N, the stem or bar in the catch of the wheel, see Figure 2, strikes against the
pin in the said catch and disengages the wheel, and the clect on the moveable
frame pushing back the catch N till it has passed it, the moveable frame
will be kept from returning back, and then by moving the winch in the
contrary direction the articles may be lowered to the place were wanted.
When the articles to be moved aro raised to the lever Qin the catch O, P,
which is best seen in viewing Figure 3, where the lever Q is represented by tho
lever F, G, they will by their pressure against that lever force back the catch
O, P, from the beam against which it leans, and the pin I will be pulled back
from the catch in the moveable frame, which catch instantly falls down and
stops the wheel, and the velocity with which the wheel moved on its center will
be transferred to the moveable frame. It may be necessary to remark, that
what has been said servos alike for engaging and disengaging both the
moveable frames with their wheels. In removing weights or articles from the
place where the power is applied toward the other end of the machine, the
levers Q, Q, may be taken off their pins and placed on the like pins in
the catches near the other end of the machine; and at any time the catch or
catches which stop the moveable frames may be drawn back from the beam
against which they lean by a string fastened to the stem of the said catch or
catches, and running thro' a staple or cleet fastened to the beam, as may be
seen by viewing the catches N and R in Figure 4. In moving the moveable

page_text: catch frames, and consequently the articles suspended by them, in a curvilinear
direction, the beams on which the moveable frames run must be further from
cach other than would be required if they moved in a straight line, see Figure
6, where A, A, and B, B, represent the beams on which the moveable frame
runs. C, C, C, are rollers which move freely round pins fastened in the lower
part of the beam B, B, and serve to keep the endless rope in its proper
station; and for an inclining or declining plane the post which support the
machine may be made longer or shorter as required. .
When the articles are removed in a bucket or other vessel, the manner of empty-
ing them out of such bucket or other vessel is as follows:-B, B, and D, D, Figure
5, are the wheels belonging to the moveable catch frame, and the axle E extends
bejond the wheel D, D, so that a rope may wind on that side of the axle. Below
this axle is a pully F, which is suspended by a rope or chain reeved through
its groove, as in the Figure 5, both parts of which rope or chain must hang on
the same side of the axle, and so hanging be wound up, and their corresponding
<listance both above and below will keep the pulley and rope in their proper posi-
tion, as in Figure 5. To this pulley is suspended the bar G, G, with the bucket
HI, which bucket has a hook in its side near the bottom; and therefore if a rope
or chain, or a piece of wood, be fastened across two of the posts which support
the beams on which the moveable frame runs, the bucket, by means of the
hook catching the rope, &c., will be stopped in its passage and the contents of
the bucket will be emptied, which will be best done when the pins to which
the bar G, G, joins are placed but a little above the center of the gravity of
the bucket. Figure 7 is a plan of the method of preventing the weight of the
rope by which the articles are suspended from having any considerable effect
on the power which works the machine. B, B, and D, D, are the wheels in
the moveable catch frame on their axle E, and on the same axle are the wheels
A, A, C, C; these wheels are so close to each other, that the rope or chain
which suspends the articles, by its often doubling or winding on itself, increases
the diameter of its axle nearly in proportion as the weight of the suspending
rope or chain lessens, which is best done when there is a rope with a bucket
descending while another is ascending; and in all machines which are only
wanted to raise or lower the articles perpendicularly, the moveable catch frame
may be omitted, and the pivots of the axle E, in Figure 7, may be placed in
immoveable posts or frames. I think it necessary to remark, that when the
machine, Figure 4, is worked by means of a capstan instead of a winch, that
then the wheel or roller on the other end should move in a slide, and the wheels
I and I may be omitted; and althro' the machine, Figure 4, is best at great
distances, yet for a short distance, a machine with only one moveable catch

page_text: ſrame may be' found equally useful; and all the wheels described as having
grooves in them may be made wider, so as to admit of the endless ropes being
wound several times round them, and then the slide may be omitted.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
second day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand a
seven hundred and ninety-four.
W SPEAR, Grays Inn.
JOSEPH EDWARDS, of Greys Inn.
⚫ AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1794, the aforesaid David Mollard came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.