IMPROVED MEANS FOR MANU- FACTURING HOLLOW WARE AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR MANU-
FACTURING HOLLOW WARE AND OTHER ARTICLES."-A communication
from abroad by Nathan Thompson, of Brooklyn, in the County of
Kings, and State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 8th August 1871, and dated the 20th May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th May 1871.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery.
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR
MANUFACTURING HOLLOW WARE AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the manufacture of hollow ware and
other articles usually made of sheet metal, hard rubber, leather, or other

page_text: material, with volute, embossed, or relieve ornamentations or formations
and of varying configurations. It may be advantageously adopted in
the manufacture of tea services and similar articles of silver ware, or
other articles of hollow ware having closed bottoms, of hollow knobs
for drawers, walking sticks or canes, and analogous uses, of window
sash pulleys made from sheet metal, and of numerous other articles,
both plain and ornamental, which admit of being pressed or expanded
into shape by interior pressure as applied to a blank. Sheet metal will
here be selected by way of illustration as the material to be operated
upon.
The Invention consists, firstly, on the combination of a plunger, with
or without a sliding plug in it, a matrix and a yielding material,
as contradistinguished from a fluid, and whereby, on pressure being
applied to the plunger the yielding material is caused to act upon the
previously partially formed or struck-up article inserted in the matrix,
and to expand it into the form of the matrix. Although sand, granu-
lated cork, and various other granular and fibrous substances may be
used as the yielding material through which the pressure is conveyed
to the interior of the blank, it is preferred to use a rubber packing or
solid piece of rubber or other elastic material or compound.
The Invention also includes a peculiar construction of divided matrix
for making articles which require a divided mould in order to permit of
their removal from the mould when pressed or expanded into shape.
The matrix is divided in different directions or planes at its sides and
bottom, the lines of division of the sides being, say, at right angles to
the division of the bottom. Thus the two halves or portions of the
matrix will guide the one or the other to their proper relative positions
and will support each other when closed and bound or held in place
by a close outer case or clamp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence that
I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW WARE AND OTHER ARTICLES," being a com-
munication to me from abroad by Nathan Thompson, of Brooklyn, in
the State of New York, in the United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say) :-
This Invention has reference to the manufacture of hollow ware and
other articles usually made of sheet metal, hard rubber, leather, or other
material with volute embossed or relievo ornamentations or formations
and of varying configurations. It may be advantageously adopted in
the manufacture of tea services and similar articles of silver ware, or
other articles of hollow ware having closed bottoms, of hollow knobs
for drawers, walking sticks or canes, and analogous uses, of window
sash pulleys made from sheet metal, and of numerous other articles,
both plain and ornamental, which admit of being pressed or expanded
into shape by interior pressure as applied to a blank. Sheet metal

page_text: view of the same, and Fig. 9 a view in perspective of one of the divisions
or halves of said matrix.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a matrix of similar construction for
preparing a sheet metal blank of cup or cylindrical form to be pressed
into a sash pulley, said matrix being clamped or encased by a close
cylinder or box, which latter device may be combined with or applied
to the other divided matrices shewn in the Drawing. Fig. 11 is a like
sectional view of the finishing matrix to produce a sash pulley, and
Fig. 12 a face view of the same.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the
Drawing, A represents a metallic matrix, on the interior surface or
periphery of which is intended or otherwise formed the converse of
the surface desired to be produced on the article to be manufactured,
which may be a simple swell, a convolute, a representation of fruit,
statuary, or other object in basso-relievo, or any other configuration
either for ornament or utility; B represents a plunger, the diameter of
which is sufficiently small to admit the metal which is to be operated
upon between it and the matrix A; and C is an india-rubber packing
of elastic character inserted in the cup or blank D or other article to
be formed beneath the plunger B.
In Figures 1 and 2, which shew the devices in the positions they
assume at the commencement and conclusion of their operation, the
plunger B is represented as applied to a rubber ring or piece of elastic
tubing O in which a plug E which corresponds in diameter with the
interior of the rubber tubing and slides freely in the cavity b in the
plunger is inserted.
In Figures 4 and 5 a solid piece of rubber C and a solid plunger B
are represented, and which would be applicable to the formation of
embossed buttons, such as are used for army or navy uniforms, or to
the formation or ornamentation of the covers of hollow ware, but for
operation on cylindrical or similar articles the elastic tube with a
central plug as in Figures 1 and 2 is believed to be preferable.
To put into practice the devices for instance, represented in Figures 1
and 2, it is only necessary to take a piece of sheet metal and strike it up
into a cup or rough blank form somewhat conforming to the shape of
the finished article desired, to place the same in the matrix, then to
insert the elastic material C and the plug E within it. The plunger B
being now brought to bear on the rubber packing by any suitable power,

page_text: as through the action of a drop press or otherwise, will effect the com-
pression of the packing, and thereby the unsupported portions of the
sheet metal will be forced into the cavities of the matrix until a solid
bearing is obtained.
The plunger may then be withdrawn and the
rubber and matrix removed from the finished article. A like mode of
operation is pursued when working with a solid plunger as represented
in Figures 4 and 5.
In some conformations such as a series of swells one above another
on a cylindrical article, it may be necessary to divide the rubber into a
corresponding number of layers with interposed metallic plates or
washers or preferably to form such series of swells by a succession of
operations in a series of matrices of increasing number of volutes. This
last-mentioned mode of proceeding is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5
of the Drawing; Fig. 4 shewing the primary matrix, and Fig. 5 the
secondary or finishing one. When it is necessary to make the matrix
with a bottom and to divide it, then it is preferred to divide the matrix
in different directions or planes at its sides and bottom, and so that the
two halves or portions of the matrix are guided to their proper relative
positions by the sliding of the inner edges of the half bottoms along
each other, and the two halves of the matrix are caused to support each
other in position. This construction is illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and 9,
of the Drawing wherein the inner edges c of the divided bottom of the
matrix A are arranged in planes at right angles to the edges d of the
divisions in the sides of the matrix. This forms a simple, strong, and
advantageous construction, applicable to matrices generally whether for
producing articles by compression of a yielding material, as herein-before
described or otherwise, or by a casting process. The two halves of the
matrix when adjusted into position may be clamped together by slipping
over them a close or undivided cylinder case or box.
Figures 10, 11, and 12, represent a similar construction of matrix or
matrices, rather to that described in Figures 7, 8, and 9, so far as the
divisions in the sides and bottoms thereof are concerned, but of an
internal configuration suitable for making a window sash pulley from a
cylinder of sheet metal entered first within a preparatory matrix A in
Fig. 10, to produce the one swell by compression of a yielding material
as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or 5, and afterwards
entered within a secondary or finishing matrix A in Figures 11 and 12,
to give the additional swell to complete the pulley, both matrices A in

page_text: Fig. 10, and A in Figures 11 and 12 are clamped or held in position
when closed by a surrounding outside or close cylinder H.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improved
Means for Manufacturing Hollow Ware and other Articles," as com-
municated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,—
First. The combination of a plunger B with or without a plug E, a
matrix A and a yielding material C, substantially as and for the purposes
herein set forth.
Second. The matrix A of any suitable configuration on its interior,
divided at its sides and bottom or closed end in different directions or
planes, essentially as described with reference to Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
and 12 of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.