IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Vaughan, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and William James Vaughan, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
and Richard Vaughan, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturers and
Copartners, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF HOES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Vaughan, William
James Vaughan, and Richard Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th April 1860.
We, CHARLES VAUGHAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and
WILLIAM JAMES VAUGHAN, of Birmingham, aforesaid, and RICHARD VAUGHAN,
of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturers and Copartners, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HOES," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of the methods herein-after explained of making
the eyes of hoes, that is, the part in which the handle of the hoe is inserted,
and of connecting the eyes to the plates or bodies of hoes.
In making the said eyes wo form a blank, one edge of which is convex, and
the other edge either straight or concave. On the ends of the said blank are
bits, which, when the blank is turned so as to form the eye, constitute the neck
and breast of the eye.
In making hoes without necks, that is, hoes in which the plate or body is
welded direct to the eye, we form strengthening pieces near the ends of the
blank. When the blank is bent into an eye the said strengthening pieces
form supports, against which the plate or body is welded. We make the

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Vaughan, William James Vaughan, and Richard
Vaughan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th October
1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, CHARLES
VAUGHAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and WILLIAM JAMES
VAUGHAN, of Birmingham, aforesaid, and RICHARD VAUGHAN, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Manufacturers and Copartners, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Charles Vaughan, William James Vaughan, and Richard Vaughan, Her
special licence that we, the said Charles Vaughan, William James Vaughan,
and Richard Vaughan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Charles Vaughan, William James Vaughan, and
Richard Vaughan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Charles Vaughan, William James Vaughan, and Richard
Vaughan, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the dato of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Vaughan, on behalf of myself
and the said Charles Vaughan and William James Vaughan, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists of the methods herein-after explained, and illustrated

page_text: in the accompanying Drawing, of making the eyes of hoes, that is, the part in
which the handle of the hoe is inserted, and of connecting the eyes to the
plates or bodies of hoes.
In making the said eyes according to our Invention, when they are joined
to the body or plate of the hoe by the breast and neck of the eye, wo proceed
as follows: We form a blank of the shape represented in plan in Figure 1,
edge view in Figure 2, and transverse section in Figure 8 of the accompanying
Drawing; the said section, Figure 3, being taken through the dotted line x,
Figure 1. The said blank may be made by stamping, forging, or otherwise.
The said blank is slightly wedge-shaped crosswise, being thicker at one
side than at the other side, as best seen in Figure 3. The sides or edges of
the blank are not parallel, one of the said edges being convex, and the other
of the said edges being concave or straight, as seen in Figure 1, and also in
the blank herein-after described and represented in Figures 7 and 8 of the
Drawing. On the ends of the said blank, Figures 1, 2, and 3, are bits or
projections a, a, which said bits or projections, when the blank is turned or
bent so as to form the eye, constitute the neck and breast of the eye, as well as
the metal to be formed into the rib in the finished hoe.
Figure 4 represents a side elevation, and Figure 5 a plan, of a roughly
formed eye, turned or made from the blank, Figures 1, 2, and 3. In the said
eye, Figures 4 and 5, the eye proper, into which the handle of the hoe is
inserted, is marked b, the neck c, and the breast d. The portion d³ forms the
rib in the finished hoc. When the blank is made into an eye the thicker edge
of the blank forms the bottom edge in the eye. In order to connect the eye,
Figures 4 and 5, to the plate or body of the hoe, the breast d, neck c, and
part d² of the eye, and that part of the plate or body to which the eye is to be
attached, are raised to a welding heat, and by means of a stamp or other
machine, or by hand, the breast d, neck c, and part d³ of the eye are welded to:
the plate or body of the hoe, and the form of the eye perfected.
b
Figuro 6 represents a plan of a finished hoe, the eye 6 of which has been
connected to the plate or body e, in the manner before described.
In making hoes according to our Invention without necks, that is to say,
hoes in which the plate or body is welded direct to the eye, we form
strengthening pieces near the ends of the blank, in addition to the bits or
projections described with respect to the blank, Figures 1, 2, and 8; Figuro 7
represents a plan of one side of a blank of this kind; Figure 8 represents a
plan of the opposite side; Figure 9 represents an edge view of the same; and
Figure 10 represents a transverse section taken through the line a, Figure 7.
The additional strengthening pieces on the blank are marked f.f, which said

page_text: strengthening pieces when the blank is bent or made into the roughly-formed
eye represented in side elevation and plan in Figures 11 and 12, form supports
at 9, 9, against which the plate or body of the hoe is welded. In attaching
the roughly-formed eye to the plate or body, we cut out of the plate or body at
the part where the eye is to be attached a nearly semicircular opening h,
Figure 13. We raise those portions of the said plate and eye, which are to
be welded together to a welding beat, and place the eye into the opening in
the plate, as indicated by dotted lines, and by means of a stamp or otherwise
we weld the said eye to the plate, and at the same time perfect its form. The
edge of the opening in the said plate being welded to the strengthening
pieces g, g, on the eye, and the part k of the eye being welded to the face of
the body
or plate.
Figure 14 represents a plan, and Figure 15 a side elevation, of a finished
hoe; the eye, Figures 11 and 12, having been welded to the plate or body in
the manner last.described, we make the blanks, Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10,
of iron, and the plates or bodies of the hoes, Figures 6, 13, 14, and 15, are
made either of iron or steel, or of iron and steel.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not
limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from
the nature of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention, the improvements
in the manufacture of hoes herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the eyes of hoes from blanks
having projections, bits, or strengthening pieces at or near their ends, which
said projections, bits, or strengthening pieces when tho blank is bent or turned
into an eye, and welded to the plate or body, constitute either the neck, breast,
and rib of the hoe, or the breast and. rib of the hoe, the said eyes being con-
nected to the plates or bodies of the.hoes by welding.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Vaughan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
RICHARD VAUGHAN. (L.s.)