Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Paper.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Paper.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM KIMMINS, of The Bermondsey Settlement, Farncombe
Street, London, S.E., M.A. & D.Sc., do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows;-
The principal object of this invention is to improve the qualities of paper by
increasing its opacity, so that it may be written or printed upon both sides
without difficulty; an increase in the quantity is also obtained.
The increased opacity is obtained by the interaction of soluble substances to
produce insoluble chemical compounds within the substance of the fibre. I find
by this method of depositing solid matter within the fibres that it is possible to
obtain a greater quantity of paper from a given quantity of pulp, and that such
paper is more opaque than without such treatment. The following substances,
among others, are suitable for the purpose indicated:-the silicates, carbonates,
and sulphates of calcium, barium and lead. These bodies are in all cases pro-
duced by means of soluble salts; c.g., in the case of calcium silicate I find it
convenient to use calcium chloride and silicate of soda. I produce insoluble
colouring matters in the same way, by depositing solid substances by the inter-
action of soluble substances. For colouring matters, among others, the double
cyanides of iron, the chromates of iron and lead and many others are very suit-
able. In some cases it is of advantage to produce these colouring matters alone,
in other cases in conjunction with uncoloured substances.
A convenient manner of applying the invention is by introducing the soluble
substances separately in proper proportions into the beating engines, time being
given for one solution to thoroughly permeate the mass before the second is
applied which shall produce the solid matter. The proportions in which these
substances are applied are those proportions by weight by which they interact.
These proportions must naturally vary with the purity of the substances in use,
and the amount added must depend upon the degree of opacity required. It
is also possible to apply à material by allowing the paper already made to pass
through baths of the soluble substances in order.
Dated this 6th day of April 1898
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Paper.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM KIMMINS, of The Bermondsey Settlement, Farncombe.
Street, London, S.E., M.A. & D.Sc., do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of paper, its prin-"
Price R71

page_text: cipal object being to improve the qualities of paper by increasing its opacity,
so that it may be written or printed upon both sides without difficulty; an in-
crease in the quantity is also obtained.
The increased opacity is obtained by the inter-action of soluble substances to
produce insoluble chemical compounds within and about the substance of the
fibre. I find by this method of depositing solid matter within and about the
fibres, that, it is possible to obtain a greater quantity of paper from a given
quantity of pulp, and that such paper is more opaque than without such treat-
ment.
:-
The following substances among others are suitable for the purpose indicated:-
The silicates, carbonates and sulphates of calcium, barium and lead. These
bodies are in all cases produced by means of soluble salts; for example, in the
case of calcium silicate, I find it convenient to use calcium chloride and silicate
of soda.
One method of applying this invention is to introduce the soluble substances
separately in proper proportions into the beating engine, time being given for
one solution to thoroughly permeate the mass before the second solution is
applied. It is found in practice that good results are obtained if about half an
hour elapses between the addition of the first and second solutions.
Another method which is found in practice to be very economical is to partially
dry the newly-made paper and then to pass it through baths containing saturated
solutions of the necessary soluble substances; this application of the process is
found to be of value for rendering the paper opaque, and for the purpose of
loading" it. If desired the material may be treated with the solutions prior
to the beating" stage, for instance, it is in some cases preferred to add the
solutions to the material just before bleaching it, as at this stage less water is
present.
bank
The proportions in which the soluble substances are applied are those propor-
tions by weight by which they inter-act, and the amount added naturally depends
upon the kind of paper under treatment and the degree of opacity or amount of
"loading" required. In manufacturing ordinary
paper a great degree
of opacity may be obtained by adding about 100 pounds of commercial sodium
Bilicate to about 3 cwt. of pulp in the beating engine, about two hours before the
pulp leaves the engine, and after this has thoroughly permeated the mass, adding
sufficient calcium chloride--about 57 pounds-to interact with the sodium
silicate. The other substances usually introduced into the beating engine may
be added as under ordinary conditions. Before the pulp leaves the engine it
should give a slightly acid re-action, in order that it may take the size well, and
this re-action may be conveniently produced by adding sulphate of alumina. It
is found that if the exact proportions of the soluble substances necessary for
interaction be added, a few-say six--pounds of sulphate of alumina per 3 cwt.
of pulp is sufficient. The proportions of all the re-agents used will necessarily
vary to some extent on account of the commercial impurities generally present.
Good results have also been obtained by the inter-action of lead acetate and
sulphate of alumina, sulphate of lead being in this case formed.
For the successful working of this process it is important that the size should
be, as far as possible, free from greasy matter, and the paper should be allowed
to remain for as long a time as possible in the size, especially if large quantities
of the soluble substances have been used in its manufacture.
It is found that paper made according to this invention, in addition to being
more opaque, has, where no colouring substances are used, a greater degree of
whiteness than paper made from similar quality pulp by any other process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In the manufacture of paper depositing insoluble compounds within and
about the fibre by the interaction of soluble- substances for the purpose described.

page_text: 2. Rendering paper opaque by treating it during manufacture with soluble
substances which by their interaction cause an insoluble compound to be deposited
within and about the fibre.
3. In the manufacture of paper passing it when newly made through suc-
cessive baths containing solutions of soluble substances which interact to form
insoluble compounds within and about the fibre.
4. In the manufacture of paper treating the material prior to the operation of
"beating" with solutions of soluble substances which interact to form insoluble
compounds within and about the fibre.
5. In the manufacture of paper depositing silicates, carbonates or sulphates of
calcium, barium or lead within and about the fibre by the employment of soluble
salts which in combination produce these compounds.
6. In the manufacture of paper depositing calcium silicate within and about
the fibre by treating the pulp with sodium silicate and adding calcium chloride.
7. In the manufacture of paper the employment of sodium silicate and calcium
chloride, substantially as and approximately in the proportions specified.
Dated this 6th day of February 1800
C. W. KIMMINS.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.
C. W. KIMMINS.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.