AND MEMORANDUM OF
Year: 1881

page_text: City of New York, United States of America. Dated 29 November
1881, No 5223.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said George Pitt pursuant to the Statutes in that case made
and provided.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Majesty's
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland bearing, date
the twenty ninth day of November one thousand eight hundred and eighty one
in the forty fifth year of Her Reign did for Herself Her heirs and successors
give and grant unto George Pitt Her special license, that he the said George
Pitt his executors administrators and assigns or such others as he the said George
Pitt his executors administrators or assigns and no others from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and lawfully might
make use exercise and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man. An Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTED FABRICS, AND IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME. A communication to me from abroad by
the Fabric Ornamenting and Manufacturing Company, of 19 Nassau Street, in the
City of New York, United States of America.
And whereas in pursuance and performance of a proviso in the said Letters
Patent contained I the said George Pitt did within six calendar months next and
after the date of the said Letters Patent cause a Specification in writing under my
hand and seal particularly describing the nature of the said invention and in what
imanner the same was to be performed to be duly filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office

page_text: And whereas I have been recently advised that certain inaccuracies exist in the
body of the Specification, and that various alterations in the language of the
Specification are desirable, in order to render the meaning of the description
perfectly clear and intelligible, and to properly define the invention claimed in
the Specification. I am desirous therefore to amend the Specification as herein-
after mentioned.
And whereas I am further advised that certain of the claims are too wide or
imperfectly expressed, I am therefore desirous of amending the same in the manner
as herein-after described.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said George Pitt by and with the leave of Her
Majesty's Attorney General do hereby for the reasons aforesaid strike out the
words "certain improvements in," in page 2 line 8 of the Queen's Printers' copy of
the said Specification, and I substitute the words "and it" for the word "which"
in line 9 of the said copy.
I strike out the semi-colon after the word "powder," on line 12, page 2, and
substitute a period therefor.
I strike out the words "and fourth in subjecting to pressure," lines 12 and 13
page 2, and commence the sentence with a capital "T."
I introduce the words "is subjected to pressure" after the word "prepared," on
the 13th line page 2 of said copy.
I strike out the words "The first," on line 15 page 2 and substitute the word
" one."
I strike out the word "two," on line 17 page 2, and substitute the word "
one."
I insert the words "detached masses of" between the words "deposition", and
"of" in line 18 of page 2.
I strike out the words "the second" on line 19 page 2, and substitute the word
"Another."
I strike out the word "which" on line 20, page 2, and substitute the word
"and."
I strike out the words "The Third," on line 25 page 2, and substitute the word
"another."
I strike out the words "The fourth," on line 38 page 2, and substitute the word
"another."
I strike out the words "The Fifth," on line 41 page 2, and substitute the word
" another."
I strike out the word "ultramine on line 45 page 3, and substitute the word
"ultramarine."
I strike out the word "one" on line 1 page 4 and substitute the word "are."
I strike out the word "heretofore," on line 30 page 6 and substitute the word
"herein before."
I strike out the words "which consists". &c on line 45 on page 6 to the end of
the first claim in line 48 of same page.
I introduce the words " substantially as described " after the word "combination"
on line 54 page 6.
I introduce the words "substantially as described " after the word "combination "
on line 3 page 7.
And in order that it may be clearly understood what is the invention which I
now consider to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent I
shall proceed to repeat the said Specification as proposed to be amended by this
present disclaimer and memorandum of alteration as follows:-
<T
"This Invention relates to a process of ornamenting fabrics, and it consists,
first, in coating the surface of the fabric to be ornamented wholly or in part
"with an adhesive medium; second, in depositing detached masses. of powdered
coloring material in different places upon said surface; third, in distributing and
more or less intermingling said masses of colored powder. The entire surface,
་་

page_text: "
g
unus prepared is subjected to pressure for the purpose of
smoothing, polishing, and fixing the same.
"One part of the Invention relates to an improvement in the aforesaid process
"of ornamenting fabrics, which consists in the application of an adhesive ground
" of one or more different colors upon the same or different parts of such fabric, in
" connection with the subsequent deposition of detached masses of powdered colors
or bronzes thereupon.
ss
"Another part of the Invention relates to the process of preparing suitable colors
" for ornamenting fabrics in the above mentioned manner, and consists in forming
a pasty mixture of pulverized starch and talc, with suitable acid combined in
"certain proportions, adding thereto suitable commercial colors to produce the
particular tint required, drying the same, and finally sifting and pulverizing the
compound.
"
"
"
ct
"
"
"
"Another part of the Invention relates to the process of feeding and distri-
buting dry pulverulent material in variable but regulated quantities, but it is
especially designed for depositing and distributing dry coloring materials or
pigments in regulated quantities, and in a prescribed relation upon fibrous or
"textile fabrics, or other surfaces traversing beneath it for purposes of ornamen-
tation. These objects are attained by constructing the feeding hopper with an
upper and lower section, the upper section constituting the main supply chamber
or reservoir hopper, and having a discharge opening, while the lower section or
"reservoir hopper is provided with feed openings in or near its bottom, and with
" suitable stirrers for agitating its contents in order to prevent clogging, and to
"insure uniform discharge or distribution of the contents. The reservoir hopper
" is preferably divided into compartments, wherein different colored substances
may be placed without becoming intermingled.
"
"
"
"Another part of the Invention relates to certain mechanism for adjusting the
area of the opening, whereby the reservoir hopper discharges its contents into the
distributing hopper.
"Another part of the Invention relates to an improved distributing apron upon
"which the contents of the lower or distributing hopper are discharged, which
"consists of a reciprocating inclined shelf placed beneath said hopper, from which
"shelf the material falls upon the surface which is made to pass beneath it.
"Sheet 1, Figure 1, is a longitudinal vertical section of a machine which may
"be employed in carrying out this invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of the
same, and Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the hoppers.
"The Invention may be carried into effect as follows:---
«
<<
"
<<
"If the fabric to be ornamented is, for example, a sheet of paper, the upper
surface, or a portion thereof, is first coated with an adhesive substance or compo-
sition, technically terined a size, which forms a ground for the subsequent
application of the dry pigments. The size which is preferred for this purpose is
"that ordinarily employed in the art of printing, as a medium for causing bronze
powder to adhere to paper, consisting of a mixture of varnish and white lead, in
equal proportions by weight. This adhesive size or ground may be of any desired
"tint, or color, and it is preferred to make use of sizes or grounds of two or more
"different colors, each color occupying a different portion of the surface to be
"decorated, or the different colors may even overlap each other. In this manner
"the ornamental appearance of the completed fabric may be materially enhanced.
"The adhesive medium or size may be varied without departing from the
"invention, its particular composition not being material.
"
"The sheet of paper having been thus prepared, and the dry powdered pigments
"selected, the latter are deposited upon the sized surface in small masses or heaps
"at such points and in such quantities as the operator may deem proper, being
guided by the particular character of the ornamentation which he may intend to
produce, and by the experience which he has acquired in practising the Invention.
"Small masses of pigments of different colors may, for example, be deposited upon
"the surface at short distances apart, may be even more or less in contact with
"

page_text: " each other, or they may be partly intermingled; or these masses may be placed
" at a greater distance from each other, or there may be a larger mass of one color
"than another. The disposal of the colors must necessarily be left almost entirely
"to the judgment and artistic taste of the operator, and such must also be the
case in conducting the succeeding step of the process, which consists in distributing
" and intermingling upon the sized surface the deposited masses of dry pigments.
"This distribution may be effected by means of a fine brush, which when properly
manipulated by the operator, will produce a surface mottled, marbled, or blended,
"or of any desired character or appearance. The operator will become more and
more expert with experience in blending, intermingling, and arranging the
"different colors to produce the particular effect desired.
"
"
"
«
"After the powdered pigments have been thus distributed over the parti-colored
prepared or adhesive surface, the fabric is subjected to a pressure sufficient to
cause a thorough adhesion of the powder to the surface, the powder being to a
" certain extent, incorporated with the adhesive medium. After this operation the
" colors will not only retain all their original brilliancy but thus will even be
"enhanced by the application of pressure, for the reason that the latter produces a
"smooth polished or hard surface. The necessary pressure may be imparted by
causing the paper to pass between calenders or rollers, the roller which comes in
"contact with the powdered surface of the fabric having a polished surface; or a
" block of wood, or flat plate of metal may be placed with the smooth side in
" contact with the powdered surface, and the whole then subjected to the action
"of a suitable press. By merely placing smooth paper upon the surface and
rubbing the same with the hand, a sufficient pressure may be effected to produce
tr an excellent result.
<
"
"
"
«
"In carrying out the above described process it is found that the ordinary
powdered pigments which are commercially sold, cannot in all cases be used with
"advantage except after special preparation and treatment. Finely pulverized
"Persian red, chrome yellow, green, ultramarine, and ivory black, may be cited
ns examples of colors which may be used in their ordinary commercial condition;
" but there are many other desirable colors, such for instance as aniline colours,
green, red, orange, etc., which produce imperfect effects when used in their
"crude state. It is necessary therefore to prepare such pigments in a special
manner, in order to adapt them to use in this improved process. The best
" method of preparing these colors is to form a pasty mixture consisting of
commercial powdered starch, powdered talc, and water, to which mixture is then
"added a small proportion of acid, preferably sulphuric or picric acid. It is
preferred to combine these materials substantially in the following proportion;
20 pounds of starch to 4 pounds of talc, with sufficient water to mix thoroughly
"and form a thick paste, to which is added 2 ounces of the acid.
"
"
<<
65
"To the paste thus prepared, which is of a white or neutral color, any required
"color or colors are to be added according to the tint or shade which is desired.
"The coloring material may be either in a liquid or in a pulverulent form, and
"should be thoroughly incorporated with the soft paste by stirring or other
suitable means, so that the whole mass will present a uniform appearance to
" the eye.
«
"The colored paste thus formed is next dried by means of continuous and
"moderate heat. The drying may be effected by exposing the paste to the sun,
or by placing it in a suitable kiln, care being taken that the temperature to
"which the material is exposed shall not in any case exceed 150 degrees of
"Fahrenheit's scale.
66
"After the material has become thoroughly dry it is reduced to a fine powder
" by the aid of suitable mechanical means, such for example as the apparatus
* ordinarily used for sifting wheat flour for domestic purposes. The powders of
different colors thus produced will be found to be suitable in every respect for
the purpose of ornamenting paper or other material according to the process

page_text: ·
"than the ordinary commercial colors.
"In drying the above described mixture care must be taken not to expose it to
'a degree of heat in excess of that herein before mentioned, for the reason that at
a higher temperature a portion of the starch will be converted into dextrine,
"which will prevent the subsequent pulverization from being conveniently
"effected.
"The object of employing a small proportion of acid is to intensify and set the
"colors.
"The proportions of the different materials of which the mixture is composed
" may be varied considerably from that hereinbefore given, if desired, while the
"powdered tale may be dispensed with altogether, although the ornamental
appearance of the fabric treated by the process is materially enhanced by
"its use.
"
"
"
Although the successive operations hereinbefore described may be conducted
by manual process, it will, in most cases, be found advantageous to employ
machinery for the purpose, especially when a continuous sheet of paper or other
"fabric of great length is to be treated. A machine well adapted for this purpose
"is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
"In Sheet 1, Figures 1, 2, and 3, A, is a table, to which is connected a series of
"hoppers B, each of the latter being provided in the present instance with an
"inclined chute a, hinged to the hopper at b, and a spring a¹, tending to maintain
"the chute in contact with the bottom of the hopper, and thereby closing the
"outlet of the same. Near the series of hoppers there is a roller D, journaled to
"standards on the table, and this roller is provided with a system of pins, one or
more for acting on the arm e, of the chute of each hopper as the roller revolves.
"
"
Different pulverized pigments are placed in the hoppers, or there may be
"similar colors in two or more of the hoppers, or similar colors but differing in
"shade. As the roller D revolves the chutes will be suddenly lowered from the
"bottoms of the hoppers, from which a small quantity of the pigment will pass
"into the chutes, and when the latter are released there will be a sudden closing
"of the chutes with a jerk which results in the depositing of the pigments on the
prepared paper. It will be understood that the chutes of all the hoppers are not
operated simultaneously, the pins being arranged on the roller at such intervals
"and in such relation to each other as the desired disposal of the colors on the
"surface of the paper may suggest.
"
"
"
"
(f
$6
"Valves and other devices may be employed in place of the chutes for
discharging small quantities of pigment from the hoppers at intervals, and the
valves, or their equivalents, may be operated by hand, instead of automatically.
At the rear of the system of hoppers is a bar E, to which are clamped a series
"of inclined brushes, the bar being adapted to guides on the table, and being
arranged to reciprocate in the said guides, so that the brushes will distribute the
"heaps of pigments laterally as the paper traverses over the table. A rotary
brush G, is adapted to bearings secured to the table, and thus serves to blend
"the colors distributed laterally by the reciprocating brushes. The paper finally
passes between the rollers H, H', by which the desired pressure is imparted to
the powdered surface. The necessary adhesive medium may be applied to the
paper as it passes over the roller I, by a rotary brush or roller K, which takes
"the material from a roller J, the latter revolving in the composition contained in
a trough M.
"
"
26
"
«
"
"It has not been deemed necessary to show the mechanism by which the
traversing of the paper, the reciprocation of the brushes, and the turning of the
"rollers D, H, H³, and rotary brush K, are rendered automatic, for the character
"of the reciprocating movement of the brushes may be varied as the desired orna-
"mentation may suggest. A uniform reciprocating movement may, for instance,
"be imparted to the rod E, and its brushes to produce a particular effect on the

page_text: <<
" ornamentation, and another effect may be produced by imparting a differential
movement to the brushes; and when a thorough blending of the colors is not
required the rotary brush may be dispensed with.
"
"
"
"
"
In Sheet II. Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, certain modifications in the construction of
"the hoppers and distributing apparatus are shown, which are in some respects
preferable to the arrangement herein before described. Figure 4 is a perspective
view, partly in section, illustrating the construction of one form of the hoppers;
Figure 5 is a vertical transverse section through the reservoir and distributing
hoppers; Figure 6 is a perspective view shewing another and preferable con-
struction of the hoppers, together with the inclined distributing shelf and
rotating stirrers, and Figure 7 is a vertical transverse section of the apparatus
"shown in Figure 6.
<<
"
"s
"
«
"
Referring to Figure 4, N represents the upper or reservoir hopper which is
provided with a row of holes or slots, or if preferred with a single longitudinal
"slot n, through which its contents escape. This opening or series of openings
may be varied in area by the usual slide; it may also be varied in the manner
shown in the drawing by pivotting one side O; of the hopper by means of a
"suitable hinge o, and controlling its angle of inclination and consequently the
"width of the discharge opening, by the aid of some well known form of adjusting
"device, such for instance as a screw o¹. The lower section or distributing
hopper P may be made trough-shaped as shown in the Figures. It is placed
"below the reservoir hopper and is provided with suitable adjustable openings p, p,
" at or near its bottom, which openings may also be made adjustable in area, if
desired, in well known ways.
<<
<
"
<<
<<
"The object of making use of an upper and lower hopper, as herein before
described, is to overcome the tendency of dry pulverulent material to become
clogged, and hence to feed irregularly when the ordinary single hopper is
employed. By making use of a reservoir and a distributing hopper combined in
"the manner above described, the distributing hopper contains at any one time a
comparatively small quantity of the substance passing through it, and this con-
sequently remains in a loose condition, instead of being compressed and packed,
as it otherwise would be by the superincumbent weight of the material above.
"The relation of the upper to the lower hopper, as will be observed, is such that
"the material which has already descended into the lower one acts in the manner
" of a seal or valve, and thus prevents the descent into it of more than the quantity
"desired at one time.
"
"In order to maintain the loose condition of the material, and thereby more
certainly insure the regularity and uniformity of the feed, a stirrer combined
"with the distributing hopper, which is shown in Figure 4 as a series of scrapers 8,
"made of bent metallic rods mounted on a bar S, capable of reciprocating end-wise
" in its bearings. It may also, if preferred, be made to oscillate or rock slightly on
"its supports. This movement may be effected by hand, but it is preferred to do
"it automatically by means of well known mechanical devices, not necessary to be
"shown in the Drawings.
$1
«
"The distribution of different colors for ornamenting, may obviously be varied
by arranging the hoppers in series, either one behind the other, or abreast of each
other, or diagonally. It is preferable however to effect this result by means of
partitions n¹, n², n¹, inserted in a single reservoir hopper N, as shown in Figure 6,
"thus dividing it into several compartments.
"
«
"These partitions are preferably constructed of cloth or flexible material of some
kind, so as to adinit of the movement of the side of the hopper O for the adjust-
"ment of the discharge opening n. In Figure 6, the discharge openings p, p, are
shown as being formed in the side of the distributing hopper near the bottom.
These openings may be separated by stationary partitions, as shown at p²,
(Figure 7) which enables separate colors to be placed in the several compartments
"

page_text: of the reservoir hopper, and these are permitted to descend and be fed out through
"the corresponding openings p, p, without becoming intermingled.
"
«
Directly beneath the discharge openings p, p, of the distributing hopper is
placed an inclined shelf 2, which is parallel with the bottom of the hopper and
"of the same length. This is so arranged as to be capable of a reciprocating
"motion in the direction of its length, and its inclination is also capable of
adjustment. These objects may be conveniently effected by the device shown in
Figure 6, in which q is a frame, within which the shelf 2, is mounted upon an
"axis q¹ attached to it in a longitudinal direction. The shelf 2 may be turned
upon its axis, and placed at any desired angle of inclination, and secured by
means of a set screw r, or other equivalent device. The frame q is mounted in
"standards t, t, in such a manner as to be capable of a longitudinal movement. to
and fro, which may be imparted to it by a reciprocating arm W, or in any other
"convenient manner.
"
"
"1
"
"
Figure 6 shows the form of a stirrer which it is preferable to use in practice,
consisting of a series of rods V, provided with blades opposite the openings p, p.
"These rods V, are mounted in suitable bearings, and are made to turn, upon their
axes by means of any suitable mechanism.
"
"
"The function of the inclined shelf 2, is to more perfectly regulate the distri-
"bution of colors upon the fabric passing beneath it, as shewn at Y, the object
being to deposit the material in detached heaps or masses at regular intervals
" from each other. This result is effected by the organization which has been
" herein before described, the pulverulent material falling from each one of the
"feed openings p, p, in a small but uniform stream is caught upon the inclined
"shelf 2, and accumulates until a heap of sufficient size is formed, when the whole
mass slides bodily down the inclined shelf and over its edge, and is thus deposited
upon the surface of the fabric Y beneath. The size of the heap thus formed will
depend upon the inclination of the shelf; the greater the inclination the smaller
"will be the deposit which is formed before sliding off, and vice versa.
$1
"
"
"
This
operation is of course much facilitated by the longitudinal reciprocating motion
"of the shelf, which tends to shake the particles and causes them to slide much
more readily than they would otherwise do. By this means a uniform discharge
"and distribution of the contents of the hopper at regular intervals upon the fabric
" is effected.
"
"
6
И
<
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, and having explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I declare that I claim as the
Invention,--
"
"
First, The herein-before described process of ornamenting fabrics.
Second, The herein before described process of preparing colors for ornamenting
fabrics, which consists in forming a pasty mixture of pulverized starch, powdered
talc, and acid, substantially in the proportions specified, adding suitable
"commercial colors thereto to produce the tint required, drying the same by
"moderate heat, and finally sifting or pulverizing the compound, as set forth.
"Third. The combination, substantially as described, of a reservoir hopper, a
stationary distributing hopper, and one or more stirrers acting upon the material
"in the distributing hopper.
4
"
Fourth. The combination of a reservoir hopper, a stationary distributing
hopper, a stirrer acting upon the material in the distributing hopper, and
"mechanism substantially such as described for adjusting the area of the opening
between the reservoir and the distributing hopper.
"
"
"Fifth. The combination substantially as described of a reservoir hopper
"divided into compartments, a distributing hopper into which all the said com-
partments discharge their contents, and means for adjusting the area of the
opening between the compartiments of the reservoir hopper and the common
distributing hopper.
44

page_text: <<
" Sixth. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth of the
distributing hopper and the inclined shelf."
In witness whereof I the said George Pitt have hereunto set my hand and
seal this 21st day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my Fiat, giving leave to the above named George Pitt to file in
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, with the Specification
to which the same relates the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTED FABRICS, AND IN PROCESSES
AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME." A communication
from abroad by the Fabric Ornamenting and Manufacturing Company, of
19, Nassau Street, in the City of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1881.
GEORGE PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTED FABRICS, AND IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF THE SAME." [A communication from abroad by the Fabric Ornamenting
and Manufacturing Company, of 19, Nassau Street, in the City of New York,
United States of America.]
The Invention relates to an improved manufacture of ornamented or decorated
fabrics, and it consists in the deposition upon a fabric having an adhesive surface
of dry powdered pigments in detached heaps or masses consisting of different
colors, in dispersing or intermingling or partly intermingling the said detached
masses of dry pigments, and in subsequently applying pressure to the powdered
surface. Also in the application of an adhesive ground, either of a single color or
of two or more separate colors upon the same, or upon different portions of a fabric
in connection with the deposition and intermingling of powdered colors thereupon.
Also in preparing dry pigments for use in the above named process by forming a
pasty mixture of pulverized starch, powered tale and acid, to which suitable com-
mercial pigments are added to produce the different tints required, afterwards
drying the same by moderate heat, and finally sifting or pulverizing the compound.
Also in improved mechanical appliances for distributing and intermingling the
powered colours upon the fabric during the process of manufacture, consisting of
a hopper constructed with an upper and lower section, and an interposed stirrer
acting upon the material in the lower section. Also in the combination with the
upper and lower section of said hopper of mechanism for adjusting the area of the
discharging opening of said upper section. Also in an improved distributing apron
for receiving the powdered colors from the hopper, and distributing it upon the
fabric

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Pitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th May 1882.
GEORGE PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTED FABRICS, AND IN PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF THE SAME." (A communication from abroad by the Fabric Ornamenting
and Manufacturing Company, of 19, Nassau Street, in the City of New York,
United States of America.)
This Invention relates to certain improvements in a process of ornamenting
fabrics, which consists, first, in coating the surface of the fabric to be ornamented
wholly or in part with an adhesive medium; second, in depositing detached masses
of powdered coloring material in different places upon said surface; third, in dis-
tributing and more or less intermingling said masses of colored powder; and, fourth,
in subjecting to pressure the entire surface, after having been thus prepared for the
purpose of smoothing, polishing, and fixing the same.
The first part of the Invention relates to an improvement in the aforesaid process
of ornamenting fabrics, which consists in the application of an adhesive ground of
two or more different colors upon the same or different parts of such fabric, in
connection with the subsequent deposition of powdered colors or bronzes thereupon.
The second part of the Invention relates to the process of preparing suitable
colors for ornamenting fabrics in the above mentioned manner, which consists in
forming a pasty mixture of pulverized starch and talc, with suitable acid combined
in certain proportions, adding thereto suitable commercial colors to produce the
particular tint required, drying the same, and finally sifting and pulverizing the
compound.
The third part of the Invention relates to the process of feeding and distributing
dry pulverulent material in variable but regulated quantities, but it is especially
designed for depositing and distributing dry coloring materials or pigments in
regulated quantities, and in a prescribed relation upon fibrous or textile fabrics, or
other surfaces traversing beneath it for purposes of ornamentation. These objects
are attained by constructing the feeding hopper with an upper and lower section,
the upper section constituting the main supply chamber or reservoir hopper, and
having a discharge opening, while the lower section or reservoir hopper is provided
with feed-openings in or near its bottom, and with suitable stirrers for agitating
its contents in order to prevent clogging, and to insure uniform discharge or
distribution of the contents. The reservoir hopper is preferably divided into
compartments, wherein different colored substances may be placed without becoming
intermingled.
"
The fourth part of the Invention relates to certain mechanism for adjusting the
area of the opening, whereby the reservoir hopper discharges its contents into the
distributing hopper.
The fifth part of the Invention relates to an improved distributing apron upon
which the contents of the lower or distributing hopper are discharged, which
consists of a reciprocating inclined shelf placed beneath said hopper, from which
shelf the material falls upon the surface which is made to pass beneath it.
Sheet 1, Figure 1, is a longitudinal vertical section of a machine which may be
employed in carrying out this Invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of the same,
and Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the hoppers.
The Invention may be carried into effect as follows :-
:-
. If the fabric to be ornamented is, for example, a sheet of paper, the upper surface
or a portion thereof is first coated with an adhesive substance or composition,
technically termed a size, which forms a ground for the subsequent application of

page_text: the dry pigments. The size which is preferred for this purpose is that ordinarily
employed in the art of printing, as a medium for causing bronze powder to adhere
to paper, consisting of a mixture of varnish and white lead in equal proportions by
weight. This adhesive size or ground may be of any desired tint or color, and it
is preferred to make use of sizes or grounds of two or more different colors, each
color occupying a different portion of the surface to be decorated, or the different
colors may even overlap each other. In this manner the ornamental appearance of
the completed fabric may be materially enhanced. The adhesive medium or size
may be varied without departing from the Invention, its particular composition
not being material.
The sheet of paper having been thus prepared, and the dry powdered pigments
selected, the latter are deposited upon the sized surface in small masses or heaps at
such points and in such quantities as the operator may deem proper, being guided
by the particular character of the ornamentation which he may intend to produce, and
by the experience which he has acquired in practising the Invention. Small masses
of pigments of different colors may, for example, be deposited upon the surface at
short distances apart, may be even more or less in contact with each other, or they
may be partly intermingled; or these masses may be placed at a greater distance
from each other, or there may be a larger mass of one color than another. The
disposal of the colors must necessarily be left almost entirely to the judgment and
artistic taste of the operator, and such must also be the case in conducting the
succeeding step of the process, which consists in distributing and intermingling
upon the sized surface the deposited masses of dry pigments. This distribution
may be effected by means of a fine brush, which when properly manipulated by
the operator will produce a surface mottled, marbled, or blended, or of any desired
character or appearance. The operator will become more and more expert with
experience in blending, intermingling, and arranging the different colors to produce
the particular effect desired.
After the powdered pigments have been thus distributed over the parti-colored
prepared or adhesive surface, the fabric is subjected to a pressure sufficient to cause
a thorough adhesion of the powder to the surface, the powder being to a certain
extent incorporated with the adhesive medium. After this operation the colors
will not only retain all their original brilliancy but thus will even be enhanced by
the application of pressure, for the reason that the latter produces a smooth polished
or hard surface. The necessary pressure may be imparted by causing the paper to
pass between calenders or rollers, the roller which comes in contact with the
powdered surface of the fabric having a polished surface; or a block of wood or flat
plate of metal may be placed with the smooth side in contact with the powdered
surface, and the whole then subjected to the action of a suitable press. By merely
placing smooth paper upon the surface and rubbing the same with the hand a
sufficient pressure may be effected to produce an excellent result.
In carrying out the above described process it is found that the ordinary
powdered pigments which are commercially sold, cannot in all cases be used
with advantage except after special preparation and treatment. Finely pulverized
Persian red, chrome yellow, green, ultramine, and ivory black, may be cited as
examples of colors which may be used in their ordinary commercial condition;
but there are many other desirable colors, such for instance as aniline colours,
green, red, orange, etc., which produce imperfect effects when used in their crude
state. It is necessary therefore to prepare such pigments in a special manner,
in order to adapt them to use in this improved process. The best method of
preparing these colors is to form a pasty mixture consisting of commercial powdered
starch, powdered talc, and water, to which mixture is then added a small proportion
of acid, preferably sulphuric or picric acid. It is preferred to combine these
materials substantially in the following proportion; 20 pounds of starch to 4
pounds of talc, with sufficient water to mix thoroughly and form a thick paste, to
which is added 2 ounces of the acid.
To the paste thus prepared, which is of a white or neutral color, any required

page_text: color or colors one to be added according to the tint or shade which is desired. The
coloring material may be either in a liquid or in a pulverulent form, and should be
thoroughly incorporated with the soft paste by stirring or other suitable means, so
that the whole mass will present a uniform appearance to the eye.
The colored paste thus formed is next dried by means of continuous and
moderate heat. The drying may be effected by exposing the paste to the sun, or
by placing it in a suitable kiln, care being taken that the temperature to which
the material is exposed shall not in any case exceed 150 degrees of Fahrenheit's
scale.
After the material has become thoroughly dry it is reduced to a fine powder by
the aid of suitable mechanical means, such for example as the apparatus ordinarily
used for sifting wheat flour for domestic purposes. The powders of different colors
thus produced will be found to be suitable in every respect for the purpose of
ornamenting paper or other material according to the process hereinbefore referred
to, while at the same time they are much less expensive than the ordinary
commercial colors.
In drying the above described mixture care must be taken not to expose it to a
degree of heat in excess of that herein before mentioned, for the reason that at a
higher temperature a portion of the starch will be converted into dextrine, which
will prevent the subsequent pulverization from being conveniently effected.
The object of employing a small proportion of acid is to intensify and set the
colors.
The proportions of the different materials of which the mixture is composed may
be varied considerably from that hereinbefore given if desired, while the powdered
talc may be dispensed with altogether, although the ornamental appearance of the
fabric treated by the process is materially enhanced by its use.
Although the successive operations hereinbefore described may be conducted by
manual process, it will in most cases be found advantageous to employ machinery
for the purpose, especially when a continuous sheet of paper or other fabric of great
length is to be treated. A machine well adapted for this purpose is illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
In Sheet 1, Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is a table to which is connected a series of
hoppers B, each of the latter being provided in the present instance with an inclined
chute a, hinged to the hopper at b, and a spring al tending to maintain the chute
in contact with the bottom of the hopper, and thereby closing the outlet of the
same. Near the series of hoppers there is a roller D journaled to standards on the
table, and this roller is provided with a system of pins one or more for acting on
the arm e of the chute of each hopper as the roller revolves.
As
Different pulverized pigments are placed in the hoppers, or there may be similar
colors in two or more of the hoppers, or similar colors but differing in shade.
the roller D revolves the chutes will be suddenly lowered from the bottoms of the
hoppers, from which a small quantity of the pigment will pass into the chutes, and
when the latter are released there will be a sudden closing of the chutes with a
jerk which results in the depositing of the pigments on the prepared paper. It
will be understood that the chutes of all the hoppers are not operated simul-
taneously, the pins being arranged on the roller at such intervals and in such
relation to each other as the desired disposal of the colors on the surface of the
paper may suggest.
Valves and other devices may be employed in place of the chutes for discharging
small quantities of pigment from the hoppers at intervals, and the valves or their
equivalents may be operated by hand instead of automatically.
At the rear of the system of hoppers is a bar E to which are clamped a series of
inclined brushes, the bar being adapted to guides on the table, and being arranged
to reciprocate in the said guides, so that the brushes will distribute the heaps of
pigments laterally as the paper traverses over the table. A rotary brush G is
adapted to bearings secured to the table, and thus serves to blend the colors
distributed laterally by the reciprocating brushes. The paper finally passes

page_text: between the rollers H, H¹, by which the desired pressure is imparted to the
powdered surface. The necessary adhesive medium may be applied to the paper
as it passes over the roller I by a rotary brush or roller K, which takes the
material from a roller J, the latter revolving in the composition contained in a
trough M.
It has not been deemed necessary to show the mechanism by which the
traversing of the paper, the reciprocation of the brushes, and the turning of the
rollers D, H, H', and rotary brush K are rendered automatic, for the character of
the reciprocating movement of the brushes may be varied as the desired ornamen-
tation may suggest. A uniform reciprocating movement may, for instance, be
imparted to the rod E and its brushes to produce a particular effect on the
ornamentation, and another effect may be produced by imparting a differential
movement to the brushes; and when a thorough blending of the colors is not
required the rotary brush may be dispensed with.
In Sheet II. Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, certain modifications in the construction of
the hoppers and distributing apparatus are shown, which are in some respects
preferable to the arrangement herein before described. Figure 4 is a perspective
view, partly in section, illustrating the construction of one form of the hoppers;
Figure 5 is a vertical transverse section through the reservoir and distributing
hoppers; Figure 6 is a perspective view shewing another and preferable
construction of the hoppers, together with the inclined distributing shelf and
rotating stirrers, and Figure 7 is a vertical transverse section of the apparatus
shown in Figure 6.
Referring to Figure 4 N represents the upper or reservoir hopper which is
provided with a row of holes or slots, or if preferred with a single longitudinal
slot n, through which its contents escape. This opening or series of openings may
be varied in area by the usual slide; it may also be varied in the manner shown
in the Drawing by pivotting one side O of the hopper by means of a suitable
hinge o, and controlling its angle of inclination and consequently the width of the
discharge opening, by the aid of some well known form of adjusting dev., such
for instance as a screw o'. The lower section or distributing hopper P 1
made troughshaped as shown in the Figures. It is placed below the reservoir
hopper and is provided with suitable adjustable openings p, p, at or near its
bottom, which openings may also be made adjustable in area, if desired, in well
known ways.
be
The object of making use of an upper and lower hopper, as herein before described,
is to overcome the tendency of dry pulverulent material to become clogged, and
bence to feed irregularly when the ordinary single hopper is employed. By
making use of a reservoir and a distributing hopper combined in the manner above
described, the distributing hopper contains at any one time a comparatively small
quantity of the substance passing through it, and this consequently remains in a
loose condition, instead of being compressed and packed, as it otherwise would be
by the superincumbent weight of the material above. The relation of the upper
to the lower bopper, as will be observed, is such that the material which has
already descended into the lower one acts in the manner of a seal or valve,
and thus prevents the descent into it of more than the quantity desired at
one time.
In order to maintain the loose condition of the material, and thereby more
certainly insure the regularity and uniformity of the feed, a stirrer is combined
with the distributing hopper, which is shown in Figure as a series of scrapers 8
made of bent metallic rods mounted on a bar S capable of reciprocating end-wise
in its bearings. It may also, if preferred, be made to oscillate or rock slightly on
its supports. This movement may be effected by hand, but it is preferred to do it
automatically by means of well known mechanical devices not necessary to be
shown in the Drawings.
The distribution of different colors for ornamenting may obviously be varied by
arranging the hoppers in series, either one behind the other, or abreast of each

page_text: other, or diagonally. It is preferable however to effect this result by means of
partitions n¹, n, n', inserted in a single reservoir hopper N, as shown in Figure 6,
thus dividing it into several compartments.
These partitions are preferably constructed of cloth or flexible material of some
kind, so as to admit of the movement of the side of the hopper O for the adjust-
ment of the discharge opening n. In Figure 6 the discharge openings p, p, are
shown as being formed in the side of the distributing hopper near the bottom.
These openings may be separated by stationary partitions, as shown at p¹ (Figure 7)
which enables separate colors to be placed in the several compartments of the
reservoir hopper, and these are permitted to descend and be fed out through the
corresponding openings p, p, without becoming intermingled.
Directly beneath the discharge openings p, p, of the distributing hopper is placed
an inclined shelf Q, which is parallel with the bottom of the hopper and of the
same length. This is so arranged as to be capable of a reciprocating motion in the
direction of its length, and its inclination is also capable of adjustment. These
objects may be conveniently effected by the device shown in Figure 6, in which q
is a frame, within which the shelf Q is mounted upon an axis q₁ attached to it in a
longitudinal direction. The shelf Q may be turned upon its axis, and placed at
any desired angle of inclination, and secured by means of a set screw r or other
equivalent device. The frame q is mounted in standards t, t, in such a manner as
to be capable of a longitudinal movement to and fro, which may be imparted to it
by a reciprocating arm W or in any other convenient manner.
Figure 6 shows the form of a stirrer which it is preferable to use in practice,
consisting of a series of rods V provided with blades opposite the openings p, p.
These rods V are mounted in suitable bearings, and are made to turn upon their
axes by means of any suitable mechanism.
The function of the inclined shelf Q is to more perfectly regulate the distribution
of colors upon the fabric passing beneath it, us shewn at Y, the object being to
deposit the material in detached heaps or masses at regular intervals from each
other. This result is effected by the organization which has been heretofore
described, the pulverulent material falling from each one of the feed openings p, p,
in a small but uniform stream is caught upon the inclined shelf Q, and accumulates
until a heap of sufficient size is formed, when the whole mass slides bodily down
the inclined shelf and over its edge, and is thus deposited upon the surface of the
fabric Y beneath. The size of the heap thus formed will depend upon the incli-
nation of the shelf; the greater the inclination the smaller will be the deposit
which is formed before sliding off, and vice versa. This operation is of course
much facilitated by the longitudinal reciprocating motion of the shelf, which tends
to shake the particles and causes them to slide much more readily than they would
otherwise do. By this means a uniform discharge and distribution of the contents
of the hopper at regular intervals upon the fabric is effected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I declare that I claim as the Invention,-
First. The herein before described process of ornamenting fabrics, which consists
in the application of an adhesive ground of two or more separate colors upon the
same or different parts of the fabric, and in the subsequent deposition of powdered
colors or bronzes thereupon.
Second. The hereinbefore described process of preparing colors for ornamenting
fabrics, which consists in forming a pasty mixture of pulverized starch, powdered
tale, and acid, substantially in the proportions specified, adding suitable commercial
colors thereto to produce the tint required, drying the same by moderate heat, and
finally sitting or pulverizing the compound, as set forth.
Third. The combination of a reservoir hopper, a stationary distributing hopper,
and one or more stirrers acting upon the material in the distributing hopper.
Fourth. The combination of a reservoir hopper, a stationary distributing hopper,
a stirrer acting upon the material in the distributing hopper, and mechanism

page_text: substantially such as described for adjusting the area of the opening between the
reservoir and the distributing hopper.
Fifth. The combination of a reservoir hopper divided into compartments, &
distributing hopper into which all the said compartments discharge their contents,
and means for adjusting the area of the opening between the compartments of the
reservoir hopper and the common distributing hopper.
Sixth. The combination substantially as hereinbefore set forth of the distributing
hopper and the inclined shelf.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Pitt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.
GEO. PITT. (L.S.)