IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS AND SUCH LIKE IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Campion, of Ramsey, in the County
of Huntingdon, Ironmonger and Manufacturer, for the Invention of
* IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS AND SUCH LIKE IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED
CULTIVATING LAND."
IN
Scaled the 17th July 1874, and dated the 7th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Campion at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th February 1874.
I, GEORGE CAMPION, of Ramsey, in the County of Huntingdon,
Ironmonger and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "INPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS AND SUCH LIKE IMPLEMENTS
EMPLOYED IN CULTIVATING LAND," to be as follows:―
In carrying out my improvements the frame of the instrument is
obtained by the bending of the separate bars in zig-zag directions, but
this form of the bars of the frame separately considered forms no part
of my Invention. These bars are bent into the desired forms in a cold
state, and parts of them are produced in planes parallel to the direction

page_text: of the length of the harrow to facilitate the connection of the several
bars together. Between these parts the upper portions of the tines are
applied, so that a screw bolt through two of such bars and the upper
portion of a tine unites the three parts together.
The upper parts of the tines are formed with a double flange to bear
on the upper surfaces of two adjacent bars; or such flanges may be
applied to bear on the under side of such bars, or both on the upper and
under surfaces; or the upper ends of the tines are formed to turn over
one or both adjacent bars on the same side, or by separate turned over
parts on each side of them, and these flanges on one side may pass to
the full depth of such bar, or only so far as to form an abutment to
and prevent the turning of the head of the connecting bolt or the nut
thereof.
The coupling chains are secured to the respective bars by hooks and
eyes and nuts, the stems of the hooks and of the eyes being passed -
through the outside bars, and being there held by nuts. The ends of the
respective bars at the front and back of each frame are held in correct
relative position by similar bars bent in short lengths, the bent parts of
which are turned to rest against the other bars, and be held by the same
screws and nuts that hold the end tines to their bars; or these end bars
may be simply continuous to the full width of cach frame with screws at
their intermediate parts from the ends of zig-zag bars.
The stems of draught hooks are held by having a slotted opening
formed in each of them to embrace the upper end of a tine, aided by
clips to embrace an end bar, each of such clips having screw stems to
pass through a hole in the respective draught hooks, and receive suitable
nuts.
In some harrows for heavy work, such as what are commonly called
drag harrows, I apply additional transverse bars having holes in them
corresponding with the form of the upper parts of the stems of the tines,
and they are applied by the tines passing through them, and are secured
by the bolts and nuts used in securing the parts of the frame and the
tines together.
I also to such or other harrows with lifting handles apply the stems
of such handles in a similar manner to that described in respect of the
draught hooks.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Campion in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
CAMPION, of Ramsey, in the County of Huntingdon, Ironmonger and
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Campion, Her
special license that I, the said George Campion, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Campion,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS AND SUCH LIKE IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN CUL-
TIVATING LAND," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Campion, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Campion, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In carrying out my improvements the frame of the instrument is
obtained by the bending of the separate bars in zig-zag directions, but
this form of the bars of the frame separately considered forms no part
of my Invention. These bars are bent into the desired forms in a cold
state, and parts of them are produced in planes parallel to the direction
of the length of the harrow to facilitate the connection of the several

page_text: But that the Invention may be better understood I will, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe means pursued by me
in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a plan view, and Figure 2, a side view, and Figure 3,
an end view of a harrow with parts arranged according to my Inven-
tion; Figures 4 and 5 shew separate side and edge views of one of
the front tines b, and Figures 6 and 7 show separate side and edge
views of one of the other tines c. The several parts a constituting
the framing of the harrow arc of a zig-zag form.
The upper part of each tine it will be seen is formed with a double
flanged head 6' and c' respectively, so that when the tine has been
placed between the parts a of the framing and those parts with the
tine have been drawn together by a screw bolt the head of the tine
serves by bearing on the upper part of the bars to give increased
strength and firmness to the action of the tines. d shows one of the
coupling hooks, and e a coupling eye for the coupling chain e¹. These
hooks and eyes are each connected to the framing a by the stems
thereof being passed through such frames, and their stems secured
by screw nuts. f, f, are the draught hooks, the stems f¹ of which
are held at one end by each of them having a slotted opening formed
through it at f' through which the tine at that part is passed, and
by clips fat the other end, each of which is formed to clip the edge
of the framing, and by its screwed neck to pass through a hole in
the stem f¹ of its hook f and be there held by a nut ft. One of
these draught hooks and its parts is shown separately at Figures 18
and 19.
In some harrows, such as what are commonly called drag harrows,
I apply one or more additional bars, such as shewn by blue dotted
lines at A, Figure 1, having holes in them corresponding with the
transverse form of the stems of the tines which are at those parts
passed through this additional bar or bars, and when lifting handles
are used I apply them to the body in a similar way to that described
in respect of the draught hooks, and as shown at B by the separate
view, Figure 8.
Figure 9 shows a slight modification of one of the end bars a¹ by the

page_text: In some cases I form the upper portions of the tines with double
flanges to act both on the under and the upper side of the bars a,
as shown by plan and edge views at c³, c², Figures 10 and 11, or only
on the under side, as at c² in plan and edge views Figures 12 and 13,
or so as to pass over and embrace one or two parts of such framing, as
indicated at c³, Figures 14 and 15, and Figures 16 and 17. In these
cases by the turned over portion only extending partly down the side of
the framing, as indicated by dotted line c', Figure 15, such part may
serve to prevent the turning round of the head of a connecting bolt
or nut.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise arrangements of parts as shewn and
described as the same may be varied, and for very large harrows or
steam cultivators as they are generally called wheels may be applied
as is well understood; but what I claim is, the arranging or combining
parts of harrows and such like implements employed in cultivating
land, whereby the parts thereof are connected and held together sub-
stantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Campion, have hereunto
1
1
TA
Stantiany as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Campion, have hereunto 20
set my hand and seal, this First day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
GEORGE CAMPION. (L.S.)