A NEW PIECE MACHINARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOWING THE SEED OF EVERY SPECIES OF VEGETABLES, IN A MANNER ENTIRELY NEW, AND MORE EXPEDITIOUS AND REGULAR THAN ANY HERE- TOFORE KNOWN, AND WHICH REQUIRES A LESS QUANTITY OF SEED TO PRODUCE A LARGE ་ THAN IS EXPENDED BY THE COMMON MODE, WHEREBY A CONSIDERABLE SAVING WILL BE EFFECTED; AND IT ALSO POSSESSES THE PECULIAR PROPERTY OF SOWING IN THE BROAD-CAST WAY, AS WELL AS DROPPING THE SEED INTO FURROWS, AND MAY BE REGU- LATED WITH EASE, SO AS TO SOW ANY QUANTITY AT THE DISCRETION OF THE SEEDSMAN
Year: 1784

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HORN, of Dover, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
the Thirteenth day of March, in the twenty-fourth year of His reign, give
and grant unto me, the said John Horn, His especial licence, that I, the
said John Horn, during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW PIECE
MACHINARY FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOWING THE SEED OF EVERY SPECIES OF VEGETABLES,
IN A MANNER ENTIRELY NEW, AND MORE EXPEDITIOUS AND REGULAR THAN ANY HERE-
TOFORE KNOWN, AND WHICH REQUIRES A LESS QUANTITY OF SEED TO PRODUCE A LARGE
་
THAN IS EXPENDED BY THE COMMON MODE, WHEREBY A CONSIDERABLE SAVING
WILL BE EFFECTED; AND IT ALSO POSSESSES THE PECULIAR PROPERTY OF SOWING IN THE
BROAD-CAST WAY, AS WELL AS DROPPING THE SEED INTO FURROWS, AND MAY BE REGU-
LATED WITH EASE, SO AS TO SOW ANY QUANTITY AT THE DISCRETION OF THE SEEDSMAN;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
John Horn, by writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
four calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large
Capnear

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Horn, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in the
manner following:-
The machine may be made of different lengths. The number of hoppers and
spouts depend on whatever length it is made, the spouts being placed about
sixteen or eighteen inches asunder. The upper part contains the hoppers
A, A, A, Figure the first, from which the grain or seed descends into the
spouts C, C, C. The several spouts all rest upon a bar D, D, Figure the first or
Figure the second, hung upon two diagonal supporters of equal length, N, N,
Figure the first, or E, E, Figure the second, from a cross bar B, B; the bar
by its gravity bears by a trigger F, Figure the second, against a catch wheel I.
This being fixed on the axle G, G, occasions a regular motion, quicker or
slower in proportion to the pace the person or horse sowing with in walks; if it
is driven fast, the bar receiving a greater number of from the catch wheel,
occasions the spouts to feed fast; if driven slow, the contrary. The axle with
the catch wheel is carried round by two triggers A, A, Figure the fifteenth, on
the box in the nave of the wheel ✗, which fit into an iron neck K, Figure the
second, on the axle; the other wheel turns on the axle at liberty. When the
machine is made to be used by a man only, it is driven by the handles E, E,
Figure the first, having two iron shanks F, F, with an eye at the end of each, A,
Figure the fifth, and which play round the axle, though kept free from it, to
prevent friction, by a cylindrical box B, Figure the fifth, fixed on each of the
upright pieces B, B, Figure the thirteenth. These are mortoised into the two
braces A, A, and H, H, Figure the thirteenth, which extends from one end of
the machine to the other. In going on the side of a hill, the strength of the
stroke received by the bar is corrected by the spring E, Figure the second,
fixed to a lever F, with a proper weight H at the other end, and hung upon
the pivot G; this spring bears against the bar D, D, with more or less force,
in proportion as the machine is more or less from a horizontal situation. At
the bottom of the machine is placed an apron, or shelf A, A, Figure the third
in a sloping position, supported by the rod B, and the corn or seed by falling
thereon from the spouts C, C, C, Figure the first, is distributed about under-
neath the machine with the utmost regularity by the rebound. To sow corr
or seed in drills or furrows, a second moveable spout, Figure the sixth, expressed
by the dotted lines G, G, G, directs the seed with great exactness into the
center of each furrow; the lower ends of the spouts rest upon the lower brace
H, H, Figure the thirteenth, each between two cleats G, G, G, Figure the
thirteenth, upon the same brace. The corn or seed is prevented from feeding
by a leaver H, Figure the first, which, being moved from one channel I

page_text: Figure the first, to another on the right hand of it, K, carries back the bar.
D; D, froin the catch wheel by the line L, L, which is fastned to the cross
piece B, reeved round the wheel M in the bar D, and fastned to the leaver H.
This occasions the motions of the spouts to cease; and at the same time brings
them upon a level by the action of the diagonal supporters N, N, Figure the.
first, 'or E, E; Figure the second, so that no corn. or seed can fall from. The
machine is kept in a perpendicular situation by the person who drives it, (and,
who holds it by the handles behind E, E, Figure the first,, or D, D, Figure the
third; these are kept at a convenient hight by an iron plate with teeth,:
Figure the eighth, fixed. in a perpendicular piece of wood.V, Figure the first;.
which is mortoised into the cross piece at the bottom of it; O, the shank of the
handles, passing through an aperture at each end P, P, which ends slide up.
and down in a grove in the pieces, Y, Y: A flat bolt C; Figure the ninth,.
passes through the teeth in the plate, Figure the eighth; and keeps the machine
steady. To raise it higher. or let it lower, the bolt is pushed in with the thumb
till the notch in the side of the bolt admits the teeth of the plate through it,
and when the machine is properly placed, the spring, B, Figure the seventh or
ninth, returns the bolt into its place again. The quantity sown is regulated.
in the following manner In each of the spouts C; C, C; Figure the first, is.
a bridge B, Figure the tenth; made. of brass; with an aperture in it C, for the
grain or seed to pass through; this is enlarged or contracted by a brass.slider,
Figure the eleventh, which, when properly fixed by the regulator, Figure the,
eighteenth, for the quantity of seed designed to be sown on an acre; is fastned:
by two strong screws D, D, Figure the tenth, which pass through the apertures.
in the slider firmly against the bridge B. Figure the tenth. This is made use of
in sowing all kinds of seed where from one bushell upwards. is thrown upon an.
acre. To sow one; two; or three gallons; or any of the intermediate quantities;.
as is required for clover, cole seed, &c.; a second brass. plate; Figure the
twelfth, having two apertures of different dimensions, A and B, is placed.
between the bridge and the slider, Figure the eleventh; with the largest.
apperture B downwards; and to sow any still. smaller quantity on an
acré, as is required for turnips, the same plate is placed between the bridge
and the slider, with the smallest aperture A downwards:
The regulater
used to vary the height of the apertures; and to set the different spouts.
exactly alike, so that each shall deliver the same quantity of seed, is thus con-
trived A, B, C, Figure the eighteenth, is made from. a plate of brass. The
extreme height of the aperture the bridge C, Figure the tenth, is equal to'
the breadth A, B, Figure the eighteenth, and the breadth at C is equal to the.
height of the smallest aperture used, viz, that for turnips. The side B, C, is
divided into sixty equal parts, and on it moves the slider or horse D, which

page_text: being placed at any particular degree (according to the quantity intended to be
sown) is fixed upon it by the screw E. When this is done, the end C of the
regulater is put through the apperture in the bridge of the spout C, Figure the
tenth, or the plate, Figure the twelfth, whichever is intended to be used, and
the slider in the spout raised till it stops against the slider D on the regulater,
then the slider in the spout is fastened to the bridge firmly by the two screws
D, D, Figure the tenth. By setting each spout in this manner they are made
to feed equally when the machine is made large, or for rough heavy land, and
intended to be drawn by a horse; two additional upright pieces B, B, Figure
the fourth, similar to those B, B, Figure the thirteenth, that the shanks of the
handles work in, are placed without side of them. The shafts E, E, Figure the
fourth, are made to take off in the following manner:-A, A, Figure the
fourteenth, represents the iron rods D, D, fixed at the end of the shafts E, E,
Figure the fourth. D, in Figure the fourteenth, is an iron ring, (made to fix
over the cylindrical iron B, Figure the fifth,) which is let into the upright
pieces at the mortoise, and fastned by the ears C, C, with a bar E, E, forged
upon it, and two screws C, C, firmly rivitted to it. Two holes are made in the
rod A, A, to receive the screws C, C, and when the rod A, A, at the end of the
shaft is brought close to the bar E, E, they are fastned together by the nuts.
B, B. The person who holds the machine guides the horse by reins which
pass through two staples, Q, Q, Figure the first, in the handles he directs it by.
And as a further explanation of Figure the first, R, R, are the hinges by which
a lid hangs to cover the hoppers and keep the dirt or rain from falling into them.
S, S, are knobs with a pin through each, to which a line T is fastned from
each of the spouts C, C, C. By turning the knobs, the line T is wound round
them, and the spouts taken up from the bar D, D, which prevents them from
feeding. This is necessary to be done when the machine covers a greater space
than is required to be sown. U, U, is a leg to rest the machine upon when
made to sow by hand, while the hoppers are filling, and takes up or lets down
at pleasure. In Figure the second, L, K, are iron necks upon the axle. In
Figure the third, when the machine is made to be worked by a horse, the
braces C, C, at each end are made of cast iron, and of sufficient weight (which
is regulated by the size of the machine) to keep it always in a perpendicular situa-
tion, and the person who guides it keeps it steady by the handles D, D. In Figure
the fourth, D, D, represents the end of the rods upon the shafts fixed by the
contrivance, Figure the fourteenth; F, F, is the axletree of the machine;
K, K, is a board fixed against the upright pieces to prevent the seed from
falling on and resting on the lower brace. In Figure the sixth, A, A, are the
ears by which the spout hangs upon the front of the machine, Figure the
eleventh and twelfth, are made of brass about the thickness of a half-

page_text: crown piece. In Figure the sixteenth, H, H, and A, A, are a perspective
view of the braces H, H, and A, A, Figure the thirteenth or fourth,
C, C, are the upright pieces B, B, Figure the thirteenth; E, E, the
upright pieces, Figure the fourth, when made to be drawn by a horse;
D, D, D, D, are the mortoises in the upright pieces for the ends of the shanks
of the handles and the bars at the ends of the shafts to work in; Figure the
seventeenth is the brass bridge in the spouts C, C, C, Figure the first, made
about the thickness of a halfcrown piece, but thicker by a bar across the back
of it, where the screws pass through to admit of a good thread. In Figure the
nineteenth is a view of the machine from above it when the hoppers and middle
spout C, Figure the first, are taken out; H, Figure the nineteenth, is the
leaver which carries back the bar from the catch wheel K, the right hand
channel, to receive the leaver when the bar is carried back B the bar B in
Figure the first; W the brace W in Figure the first; D, D, a bar on the back
of the machine to which the covering on the back is nailed, and on which the
ends of the spouts C, C, C, and, leaver rests; E, E, the shanks of the handles;
G, one of the moveable spouts, Figure the sixth; F, F, the apron at the
bottom of the machine. The wheels of the machine X, Y, Figure the first, are
made with spokes, and a slight trent round them in the manner of a plough
wheel. The different views, where the perspective does not interfere, are
drawn from a scale of two inches to a foot; the regulator only, Figure the
eighteenth, is drawn its proper size. The manner of using it is to place
the machine about three feet from that part where it is intended to begin to
sow at, and fill the hoppers with grain or seed, then drive it forwards, letting
the outside wheel run in the furrow, and when, at the distance of three feet
from the end of the length, the leaver H, Figure the first, is to be put into the
right-hand channel, and it will immediately cease sowing, but must still be
driven forward till it has passed over the space of three feet just mentioned,
that the seed which has left the spout may have time to fall. In sowing every
succeeding length the wheel must be driven about nine or ten inches, or the
breadth of a furrow, within the last track.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Horn, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-four.
No text detected.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the Eighteenth day of June, in
the twenty-fourth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third,
the said John Horn came before the said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the several Statutes made
in the sixth year of the reign of the late King and Queen William and Mary
of England, and in the seventeenth and twenty-third years of the reign of His
said Majesty King George the Third, and so forth.