IMPROVED BOLT FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ROBINSON KETTLE, of No. 1, Waterloo Street, in Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Accountant, BENJAMIN WAKEFIELD, of Ryland Street North, in
Birmingham aforesaid, and WILLIAM CROSHER, of Cumberland Street, in
Birmingham aforesaid, Screw Manufacturer.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Robinson Kettle, Benjamin Wakefield, and William Crosher, Her
especial licence that we, the said William Robinson Kettle, Benjamin Wake-
field, and William Crosher, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said William Robinson Kettle, Benjamin Wakefield, and William
Crosher, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her
said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our "IMPROVED BOLT FOR
BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, obliging us, or one of us, the said William Robinson Kettle, Benjamin
Wakefield, and William Crosher, by an instrument in writing under our, or
one of our hands and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately-after the date of the said

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso we, the said
William Robinson Kettle, Benjamin Wakefield, and Benjamin Crosher, do
hereby describe the nature of our said Invention to consist of a bolt, which
can be expanded by means of a small tool or instrument acting as a wedge,
which forces open a slit in the shank at the bottom or point of the bolt when
the said bolt has been driven, which said tool or opening instrument, acting as
& wedge, may be either driven down the bolt when the shank of the bolt is
made hollow, or be used by driving the bolt upon the said tool or the opening
instrument when the bolt is made solid. But when the bolt is made of small
diameter, the slit may be so formed as to open when the bolt is driven into
some materials (such as wood) without requiring any opening tool or wedge at
the lower end or point of the shank. The utility of our said improvement is,
that bolts so constructed will hold much faster than the bolts now in use, and
may be made of copper, iron, or any other suitable material. And in further
compliance with the said proviso, we, the said William Robinson Kettle,
Benjamin Wakefield, and William Crowsher, do hereby describe the manner
in which the said Invention is to be performed by, the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents an outer elevation of a round hollow bolt before it has
been expanded at the end or point, from A to B being a slit in the said bolt;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the same bolt, shewing the hollow, being
marked C; Figure 8 represents the front elevation of a small round instru-
ment used for expanding the bolt; Figure 4, a perspective view of the same
instrument; Figure 5 represents a drift, which has been found a convenient
tool to use in driving the small instrument represented in Figures 3 and 4;
Figure 6 represents the bolt after the before-mentioned small instrument has
been driven, and consequently, with the slit opened, and the end or point
expanded. The dotted lines point out the situation of the small instrument
represented in Figures 3 and 4, as it would be when driven inside the bolt.
The mode of using the bolt is to drive it into a suitable hole prepared for its
reception, in the state it is represented in Figures 1 and 2, and then to drive s
the small instrument, represented in Figures 3 and 4, down the inside of the
bolt; for this purpose, the drift or tool represented in Figure 5 may be used,
and when by this operation the end or point of the bolt is sufficiently expanded,

page_text: as it is represented in Figure 6, the drift may be withdrawn. When from any
circumstance solid bolts are required, the principle before described is some-
what modified, as in that case the split is made at the point, in the shape
represented in the solid round bolt represented in Figure 7; the small instru-
ment, which acts as a wedge in opening the slit, is represented by Figure 8.
This instrument is first placed at the bottom of a hole of suitable depth and
dimensions, prepared to receive the bolt; the bolt is then driven so that the
wedge-shaped point of the small instrument represented, Figure 8, shall enter
the slit of the bolt; the bolt being forced upon the small instrument, the slit
is thereby opened, and the end or point of the bolt expanded. Where bolts of
the shape lastly described, but of a small diameter, are used for the purpose
of being driven into a hole of suitable depth and dimensions, in a substance
such as hard wood, or the like, the slit will open, and the end or point will
expand upon the bolt being hard driven, without the use of the small instru-
ment represented in Figure 8.
Now, we claim as our Invention, first, the making of bolts for building and
other purposes hollow.
Second, the slitting of the shanks of bolts at the end or point, for the
purpose of the same being expanded.
Third, the use of small opening instruments or tools, for the purpose of
opening or expanding the ends or points of bolts, of the shapes represented in
Figures 8, 4, and 8, or of other convenient.shapes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robinson Kettle, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.