AN THAWED MARD OF PRADESZKA DLOM TX ARDAN 1370 Und
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Knowles, of Westwood Pendlebury, in the
County of Lancaster, Colliery Proprietor, for the Invention of "AN
THAWED MARD OF PRADESZKA
DLOM TX ARDAN 1370 Und "

page_text: air, thereby dispensing with the expensive blast engines and other
machinery heretofore employed. The heated air is forced into the lower
part of the furnace or cupola near to the tuyeres. The steam may be
superheated or dried by passing through pipes that are heated by the
waste heat of the furnace or cupola, and the air that is injected by the 5
steam is or may be heated in the same manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Knowles in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KNOWLES, of Westwood Pendlebury, in the County of Lancaster, Colliery
Proprietor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Knowles, Her special licence that
I, the said John Knowles, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Knowles, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PRODUCING THE
BLAST IN CUPOLAS AND FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Knowles, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Knowles, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.

page_text: following statement (that is to say) :-
In cupolas and furnaces of every description it is necessary to produce.
a strong current of air to increase combustion, and these currents of air
have heretofore been produced by fans or blast engines.
Now my Invention consists in using a jet or jets of steam or super-
heated steam to force into the cupola or furnace the desired quantity of
heated air, thereby dispensing with the expensive blast engines and other
machinery heretofore employed. The heated air is forced into the lower.
part of the furnace or cupola near to the tuycres, as now customary.
The steam may be superheated or dried by passing through pipes that
are heated by the waste heat of the furnace or cupola, and the air that
is injected by the steam is or may be heated in the same manner.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying.
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
The
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of the lower part of an ordinary cupola
for melting iron, to which my improvements are applied. In this view
a, a, are the pipes through which the compressed air has heretofore been
supplied to the furnace, but which are now open to the atmosphere, or
supplied with air that has been heated by passing through pipes heated
by the waste heat of the cupola or otherwise. The ends of the pipes a
are curved, and come opposite holes through the side of the cupola, as
usual. b, b, are pipes which are supplied with high-pressure steam, and
the ends of these pipes are taken into the centre of the air pipes a.
pipes are provided with a tap to regulate the supply of steam, and the
end of each pipe terminates in a nozzle c. When the steam is turned
on it expands and rushes through the ends of the pipes a, thereby forcing
or carrying with it the desired quantity of air into the cupola for melting
the iron or other metal. The distance from the end of the nozzle c to
the end of the pipe a can be varied. When superheated steam is used
the steam may be conveyed through pipes that are heated by the waste
heat from the cupola or otherwise.
b
Fig. 2 represents an elevation of the lower part of an ordinary blast
furnoon to which mu imumwomenbrava nu
L

page_text: in the manner above described or not, is supplied through the pipes a,
the ends of which are tapered, and pass through tuyeres, as usual, and
the steam, either superheated or not, is supplied through the pipes b,
which are provided with nozzles c, as before described.
When the steam is turned on the air is forced or conveyed into the
furnace, and the pressure of the blast can be regulated to any extent
required by varying the pressure of the steam and the size of the nozzles
through which it escapes into the air pipes. By means of these improve-
ments the requisite blast can be obtained without the use of fans or blast
engines or other machinery.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, as applied to ordinary cupolas and blast
furnaces, I wish to remark that my improvements are equally applicable
to various other furnaces for melting and treating metals and for other
purposes. It is also necessary to observe that I am aware that jets of
steam have been used for creating a draft in cupolas and blast furnaces
before the date of my Patent, but these jets were applied at the top of
the cupola or furnace, where they created a partial vacuum, instead of
being introduced below or at the tuyeres. I therefore do not claim the
use of jets of steam for producing currents of air in cupolas and furnaces,
excepting when the said jets are applied within the air pipes, and intro-
duced at the lower part of the cupola or furnace or at the tuyeṛes, as
shewn and described.
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Knowles, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October One thousand eight 2
hundred and seventy-three.
JOHN KNOWLES. (L.S.)