AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING ATMOSPHERIC
AIR." A communication from abroad by Antoine Ernest Dupas
and Arthur Barbarin, both of New Orleans, Louisiana, United
States of America.
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 21st February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st February 1871.
55
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the International Patent Office," South-
ampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING
ATMOSPHERIC AIR," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates partly to a mechanical arrangement for
indicating with absolute certainty the rise and fall of the hydrocarbon
employed to carburet air with the view of its use for illuminating purposes;

page_text: as for the time being may be required for use; and to adapt the minchine
for varying seasons, to all conditions of temperature in the surrounding
air; and for supplying air continuously or by a continuous current or
currents through the carburetter. My objects are,-
1st. To produce uniformity of quality in the gas or carburetted air.
2nd. To obviate the inconvenience resulting from the condensation,
inseparably incident to an accumulation of carburetted air in a recipient
prior to its use.
3rd. To preserve a uniform temperature in the carburetter under all
conditions of the air outside the same.
And, 4th. To provide a regular and sufficient supply of carburetted
air to the burners, whatever may be their number, notwithstanding the
same is produced only at the time it is needed for use.
I use a recipient and holder placed within a water tank sustained by
guide rods that pass through the projecting rim of the recipient. The said
rods are secured on the outside of the tank in any proper way by any suit-
,able meaus, and held in parallel relation to each other by braces. An
ordinary pump is connected with the tank in such a manner that the end
of its eduction pipe which has a horizontal and a vertical section will be
elevated to about the height of the pump in the interior of the tank,
so that the air forced through the same will ascend into the recipient,
wherein it is retained by the water and in the tank. In the centre of
the water tank a vertical section of another pipe is sustained by a
connecting horizontal section which passes through the wall of the tank.
The upper extremity of this section, which is open, extends high enough
to be always above the water in the tank, but yet not up to the top
thereof. A few inches outside the tank the section of this pipe connects
with another vertical section, which in its turn connects by a short
horizontal elbow with a pipe, in which there is a stop-cock that extends
nearly down to the bottom of the carburetter where it enters into the
same, extends to the centre thereof, turns abruptly down, passes through
a perforated diaphragm, and terminates just below the same. The said
diaphragm is attached to the carburetter near its lower end, and
subscrves the purpose of a distributor of the air. The carburetter is
perfectly air-tight everywhere, but is provided with two eduction pipes
and a short pipo capped by a funnel through which the hydrocarbon

page_text: '
is poured into it, which pipes are provided with stop-cocks. One of
these pipes forms a conduit for the escape of the air when the hydro-
carbon is poured into the carburetter. The other pipe leads to the
burners. A carburetter should be constructed with a large instead of
a small diameter relatively to the number of burners, so as always to
present a large horizontal surface of hydrocarbon, while the vertical
column of the same may vary in height from one half inch to ten inches,
and when placed as hereafter described the effect is the same, whatever
may be the temperature of the weather or atmosphere. On the top of the
carburetter on a hollow standard I fix a recipient with a glass top for
a dial indicator. Through this hollow standard passes a vertical rod
which rests in a socket on the bottom of the carburetter. This rod has
an indictor or hand, and the float resting thereon will by the action on
the rod cause the hand to point to the figure or number corresponding
with the depth of the hydrocarbon. The rod moves the hand through
the agency of one or more projecting spiral threads or grooves in lieu
thereof that fit corresponding grooves or threads cut in an aperture in
the centro of the float through which said rod passes. The float is
prevented from turning while rising and falling with the hydrocarbon.
by means of guide rods properly placed within the carburetter.
The carburetter is enclosed in an open vessel, to which I may apply a
cover, space being left between the walls of the two to receive sufficient
water or other suitable packing to maintain a uniform temperature in
the hydrocarbon.
As the equivalents of the water packing the following substances
may be enumerated, viz., sand, ashes, saw or cork dust, metallic filings,
wood shavings, charcoal, or coke in form of powder or in lumps. Instead
of surrounding with any of the above named substances I secure the
desired ends by sinking the carburetter within the tank in a well of
water or its equivalent, or by placing it directly underground so as only
to expose the dial with its hand, the pipes, and the funnel to view, or to
the influences of the external atmosphere, or I may place the carburetter
when the machine is intended to supply a head light for a locomotive,
or to light a train of carriages without the tank in the water contained
in the tank of the tender of the locomotive, or in a separate compartment
anywhere on the locomotive or in the train.
When the agent for maintaining a uniform temperature is water or
an equivalent liquid, and the tank and carburetter are exposed, a proper

page_text: temperature can be maintained in the hydrocarbon by means of a
section of small divisional pipes, in which air is heated by a burner.
The air can also be heated by placing a pipe inside a steam boiler, or in
a furnace, or in contact with any other sources of heat. The water or
other liquid may be drawn from the tank by a suitable pipe provided
with a stop-cock. A similar arrangement may be employed to draw off
the hydrocarbon from the carburetter.
When designed to be portable the machine may be secured to a
platform or board. If designed to occupy a stationary position it may
be placed anywhere that convenience may suggest.
My Invention may also, in general terms, be said to relate to an
improved mechanical arrangement for feeding continuously the car-
buretter with air; to a means for regulating a supply of air and the
pressure thereof, according as a greater or less number of burners is
lighted; to a ineans for modifying the quality of the gas or carburetted
air; and, finally, to a means for maintaining the exact temperature in
the hydrocarbon employed to carburet the air that will produce the best
results under all conditions of latitude and of temperature of the
external air resulting from changes of season or weather at any given
time of the year.
The objects accomplished are, the securing of a continuous supply of
air; a waste of all the air not required to be carburetted for the
exigencies of the moment; an unvarying equilibrium of water or other
suitable liquid packing employed in the apparatus in connection with
the means for supplying the air; a uniform admixture of carbon with
the air that is burned; a never varying temperature of the hydrocarbon ;
the combustion of all the carbon infused into the air; and, finally, an
illuminating power in the light or lights produced by the combustion
of the carburetted air that has never been equalled, except by the
calcium or the electric light, commonly so called.
In a box recipient is a revolving wheel, and water or other suitable
liquid packing is used in connection therewith; the said box, wheel,
and liquid packing constituting my means for continuously feeding the
carburetted with atmospheric air to be used for illuminating purposes.
after it has been enriched by a proper infusion of carbon. The wheel
is composed in part of scroll formed partitions c, three in number, that
terminate before reaching the axis of the whocl, so as to establish a
cylindrical central open space, and which are so placed as to leave the

page_text: curved spaces between them entirely open for the free passage of the
air and water or other liquid packing, which occupies the box up to
the axis of the said wheel, and in part of a closed section or chamber
of somewhat larger diameter that communicates with the part in which
the scroll partitions are formed by an opening coincident with and of
the same diameter as the open central space in the latter. This wheel is
mounted on an axis composed of a solid shaft, to which it is permanently
secured, and a pipe around which it revolves by means of a journal box,
the shaft being connected with the pipe by means of a socket or sleeve
joint, so that when the said shaft is rotated through the agency of a
crank the wheel as a whole may revolve with it. An opening so
arranged as to exclude rain provides for the admission of air into the box.'
To prevent the entrance of any considerable volume of water, along with
the air I provide the pipe with a vertical elbow, which rises very nearly
to the interior surface of the perimeter of the concentrating chamber,
and is covered by a cap. Any desired measure of density and consequent
pressure can always be secured by an adjustment of the diameter of the
said pipe to the capacity of the scroll section.
If a very high pressure is required, the diameter of the whole wheel
must be increased, but if, on the contrary, only a slight pressure or
density of the air is necessary in any given case, and at the same time a
large supply of air, the diameter of said wheel must be diminished,
while the length of the scroll section along its axis must be increased.
It is clearly necessary to the efficient working of my apparatus that
there shall be some agency by which any excess of air that is driven
through said pipe shall be wasted before it is carburetted, and that all
the water carried out of said box shall be carried back therein in an
automatic manner. The mechanical instrumentality I have devised for
the purpose consists of a circular receiver, which is placed in a larger
ressel, in such manner that an annular open space is established around
the former and an interval provided between the respective bottoms of
the vessels. A small pipe connects with the outer vessel, and thero
being an opening in the bottom of the receiver there will always be the
same level in said box and in the other vessels. There is a discharge
orifice or pipe in the receiver through which an excess of air thrown into
the same will be forced into the circumferential space, and thence through
the water into the open air. A vertical pipe ascends from the centre
of the receiver into and nearly to the top of a vessel that is partially

page_text: filled with water or other suitable liquid and provided with a glass
gauge or pressure measurer. The air coming from the regulator below
and impinging on the upper surface of the water in the said vessel forces
the same into the gauge, and thus indicates the precise pressure to
which it is subjected, and to some extent also aids to regulate the flow
of the air. From the above-mentioned pipe another pipe leads into
the carburetter, entering the same near the top, and then descending
until it reaches very nearly to the bottom thereof; there being a
perforated diaphragm attached to its lower end, beneath which the air
'escapes. The carburetter is provided with a recipient chamber for the
hydrocarbon to make the gas, -the latter being placed in an outside
enclosing vessel, which leaves a surrounding space. The carburetter is
supplied with hydrocarbon from a reservoir or holder through a pipe
which entors the former just below the gas chamber. The reservoir
should be air-tight when the stop-cock is closed, and the aperture in the
pipe exceedingly small, for my method of feeding the carburetfer with
hydrocarbon is by pressure from the carburetted air, which will find its
way through said pipe from the carburetter into the reservoir whenever
the volume of the liquid is reduced to a certain point.
A guage of glass fixed on the outside of the carburetter and com-
municating with both the hydrocarbon or gas chambers, properly
marked, indicates the height of the hydrocarbon.
Through a pipe provided with a stop-cock water is poured in the open
space around the hydrocarbon chamber until it is nearly full. This
water constitutes my means for maintaining a uniform temperature in
the hydrocarbon, for connected therewith is a thermo-siphon with a
glass section, in which when the temperature is too low the water is
kept from being affected thereby by the application of the heat of a gas
jet flowing through a small pipe connected with the pipe that leads
from the carburettor to the burners.
In carburetting atmospheric air it is very often found that the
infusion of carbon is so great that it is impossible to effect its complete
combustion, and that hence there is great waste of the same, and more
or less smoko at the points of combustion. I remedy this evil by
connecting with the pipe that leads to the carburetter a branch pipe
and leading the same into the gas chamber, so that when a stop-cock is
opened uncarburetted air will be thrown into the gas chamber. Iu

page_text: some cases it may be requisite to reduce the volume of air passing
through the said pipe into the carburetter by means of another stop-
cock.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said George Haseltine in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 16th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton Buildings,
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Haseltine, Her special licence
that I, the said George Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Haseltine, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING ATMOSPHERIC AIR," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Antoine Ernest Dupas and Arthur
Barbarin, both of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Haseltine,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately.
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do: hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to thic accompanying
Drawing, forming a part of this Specification.

page_text: My Invention relates partly to a mechanical arrangement for indicating
with absolute certainty the rise and fall of a hydrocarbon employed to
carburet air for illuminating purposes; to a method of carburetting
air as it is used and in just such quantities as for the time being may
be required; and to adapting the apparatus for all seasons and to all
conditions of temperature in the surrounding air; and for supplying
air continuously or by a continuous current or currents through the
carburetter.
1st. 1.0 produce uniformity or quality in the gas or carmuretted air.
2nd. To obviate the inconvenience resulting from the condensation
inseparably incident to an accumulation of carburetted air in a recipient
prior to its use.
3rd. To preserve a uniform temperature in the carburetter under all
conditions of the air outside the same.
And, 4th. To provide a regular and sufficient supply of carburetted air
to the burners, whatever may be their number, notwithstanding the
same is produced only at the time it is needed for use.
But my Invention when in this form will be better understood by
reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing. Figure 1 is a side elevation
with parts of the apparatus broken away to show the interior arrange-
ments, and Figure 2 a plan or top view of the said apparatus.
A is a recipient and holder which is placed within a water tank B
sustained by guide rods a, b, c, that pass through the projecting rim of
the recipient, as shown. The rods a, b, c, are secured on the outside of
the tank B by any proper means, and are held in parallel relation to
cach other by braces d, e, f. An ordinary pump D is connected with
the tank B in such a manner that the end of its eduction pipe E, which
has a horizontal section 1 and a vertical section 2 will be elevated to
about the height of the pump in the interior of the tank, so that the air
forced through the same will ascend into the recipient A, in which it is
retained by the water therein and in the tank, which should always be
maintained at or about the elevation shown in Figure 1 by the dotted
line through the part that is broken away. I lay no claim to this
part of the apparatus, since the sanic is substantially similar to
ordinary gasometers, and I have described it only in order to indicate its
relation to those parts which are of my Invention, and the more.
'

page_text: clearly to demonstrate their merit. In the centre of the water tank Ba
vertical section F of another pipe is sustained by a connecting horizontal
section G which passes through the wall of the tank, as shown. The
upper extremity of the section F which is open extends high enough to
be always above the water in the tank, but not up to the top thereof, as
seen at Figure 1. A few inches outside the tank the section G of this
pipe connects with another vertical section H, which in its turn connects
by a short horizontal elbow I with a pipe J (in which there is a stop-
cock g) that extends nearly down to the bottom of the carburetter K, as
shown by dotted lines, where it enters into the same, extends to the
centre thereof, turns abruptly down, passes through a perforated
diaphragm, and terminates just below the same. The said diaphragm
is attached to the carburetter near its lower end, and serves the purpose
of a distributor of the air, which passes through the pipe just described
into the carburetter below it throughout every part of the hydrocarbon.
The carburetter K is perfectly air-tight everywhere, but is provided with
two eduction pipes M, N, and a short pipe capped by a funnel L through
which the hydrocarbon is poured into it, which pipes are provided
respectively with stop-cocks h, i, j. The pipe M affords a conduit for
the escape of the air when the hydrocarbon is poured into the carburetter.
The pipe N leads to the burners. A carburetter should be constructed
with a large instead of a small diameter relatively to the number of
burners to be supplied, so as always to present a large horizontal surface
of hydrocarbon, while the vertical column of the same may vary in
height from one half-inch to ten inches without appreciable difference
of result, and when placed as hereafter described the effect is the same
whatever may be the temperature of the weather or atmosphere. On
the top of the carburetter K on a hollow standard I fix a recipient with
a glass top for a dial indicator O which is numbered near its margin
precisely like a clock or watch. Through this hollow standard passes a
vertical rod R which rests in a socket that is so fixed on the bottom of
the carburetter as to be rotated in the easiest manner. This rod has a
needle termination that passes through the dial O above a shoulder on
which the dial rests, to which an indicator or hand is secured in such
wise that when the hydrocarbon is an inch deep the float P resting
thereon will by its action on the rod R cause the hand to point to the
figure or number 1, when it is two deep to the figure 2, and so on up to
the highest point to which it is ever desirable to fill the carburetter.
The rod R is turned, and by turning moves the hand through the agency

page_text: of one or more projecting spiral threads or grooves in lieu thereof that fit
corresponding grooves or threads cut in an aperture in the centre of the
float P through which the said rod passes, and which are so calculated as
to cause the said rod to be rotated just enough to move the hand & from
one mark to another on the dial whenever the float-P is raised or lowered
one inch in the carburetter by the rising or falling of the hydrocarbon
therein contained to that extent. The turning of the float while rising
and falling with the hydrocarbon is prevented by means of a suflicicnt
number of guide rods properly placed within the carburetter. The float
may be of any suitable size or shape, and it may or may not be pro-
vided with perforations for the escape of the gas, accordingly as it may
overspread the hydrocarbon to a greater or less extent.
The carburetter as will be seen by the Drawing is enclosed in an open
vessel S to which, if necessary, I may apply a cover, which latter is
larger than the former to afford space between the walls of the two to
receive sufficient water or other suitable packing to maintain a uniform
temperature in the hydrocarbon, whatever may be the temperature of
the external air, no matter what may be the volume of the continuous
current or currents of air forced through it to be carburetted in any
given case or to supply any number of burners in actual use.
As the equivalents of the water packing under varying circumstances
the following substances may be enumerated, viz., sand, ashes, saw or
cork dust, metallic filings, wood shavings, charcoal, or coke in form
of powder or in lumps, and indeed all other substances or materials
producing the same effect. It is proper also to state that instead of
surrounding it with any of the above-named substances I secure the
desired ends by sinking the carburetter within the tank S in a well of
water or its equivalent or by placing it directly under ground so as only
to expose the dial with its hand, the pipes M, N, and the funnel L to
view, or to the influences of the external atmosphere, or I may place the
carburetter when the machine is intended to supply a head light for a
locomotive or to light a train of carriages without the tank S in the water
contained in the tank of the tender of the locomotive, or in a separate
compartment made therein, or in the tank S any where on the loco-
motive or in the train of carriages where it may be put with convenience
and safety.
When the agent for maintaining a uniform temperature is water or

page_text: tank S and the carburetter are exposed and liable to be affected by the
varying conditions of the external air a proper temperature can be
maintained in the hydrocarbon by means of a section of small divisional
pipes, as shown at t, in which air brought from the main pipe through a
branch pipe T is heated by a burner at the end of a pipe U leading from
pipe N. The air can also be heated by placing the pipe T inside a steam
boiler or in a furnace or in contact with any other sources of heat, and
then conveyed through the continuation of said pipe T down into the said
liquid, which is thus heated or kept at a proper temperature and produces
a corresponding effect in the hydrocarbon. The water or other liquid
may be drawn from the tank S by a suitable pipe provided with a stop-
cock, as shown at y.
A similar arrangement may be employed to draw off the hydrocarbon
from the carburetter.
When designed to be portable the apparatus may be secured to a
platform or board W, substantially as shown in the Drawing. If
designed to occupy a stationary position it may be placed anywhere that
convenience may suggest.
The other part of my Invention relates to an improved mechanical
arrangement for feeding continuously the carburetter with air; to a means
for regulating a supply of air and the pressure thereof according as a
greater or less number of burners is lighted; to a means for modifying
the quality of the gas or carburetted air; and finally to a means for
maintaining the exact temperature in the hydrocarbon employed to
carburet the air that will produce the best results under all conditions of
latitude and varying temperature of the external air resulting from
changes in any given season of the year.
The objects accomplished are the securing of a continuous supply of
air; a waste of all the air not required to be carburetted for the exigencies
of the moment; an unvarying equilibrium of water or other suitable
liquid packing employed in the apparatus in connection with the means
for supplying the air; a uniform admixture of carbon with the air that
is burned; a never varying temperature of the hydrocarbon; the com-
bustion of all the carbon infused into the air; and finally an illuminating
power in the light or lights produced by the combustion of the car-
buretted air that has never been equalled except by the calcium or the
electric light, commonly so called.

page_text: But this part of my Invention will be better understood by referring
to Figures 3 and 4; Figure 3 being a side clevation thereof, partly in
section, and Figure 4 a section of one of the parts of the same.
A' represents a box recipient for the revolving wheel B', a water or
other suitable liquid packing being used in connection therewith, the
said box wheel and liquid packing constitute my means for continuously
feeding the carburettor with atmospheric air to be used for illuminating
purposes after it has been enriched by a proper infusion of carbon.
The box A' may be of any suitable form or size (according to the exigencies
of the occasion or supply of air needed) and constructed of any proper
material. The wheel B' is composed in part of the scroll formed par-
titions c¹, three in number, that terminate before reaching the axis of
the wheel, so as to establish a cylindrical, central open space O', and are
so placed as to leave the curved spaces between them entirely open for
the free passage of the air and water, or other liquid packing, which
occupies the box up to the axis of the said wheel, and in part of a
closed section or chamber D' of somewhat larger diameter, that con-
inunicates with the part in which the scroll partitions are formed by an
opening coincident with and of the same diameter as the open central.
space C' in the latter. This wheel B' is mounted on an axis composed
of a solid shaft to which it is permanently secured, and a pipe e',
around which it revolves by means of a journal box f', the shaft d
being connected with the pipe e¹ by means of a socket or sleeve joint
at g', substantially as shown in Figure 3, so that when the said shaft d'
is rotated through the agency of the crank E', by means of any motor
that may be connected therewith, the wheel as a whole may revolve
with it. Any proper opening 'so arranged as to prevent the accidental
intrusion of rain if the machine be placed in the open air in the upper
part of the box A' provides for the admission of air into the box. The
effect produced by the rotation of the wheel B', half of the same being
in water and half in the air, is obviously to force the air which finds its
way into the spaces between the partitions e' into the open space C', and
thence into the closed section D', when the outlet for its escape is through
the pipe e', but to prevent the entrance of any considerable volume of
water along with the air, I provide the pipe with a vertical elbow cª
which rises very nearly to the interior surface of the perimeter of tho
concentrating chamber D' and is covered by a cap as shown in
Kivure 3

page_text: Any desired measure of density and consequent pressure can always be
secured by an adjustment of the diameter of the pipe e¹ to the capacity
of the scroll section of the whole for throwing air into the section D¹.
If a very high pressure is required the diameter of the whole wheel
must be increased, but if on the contrary only a slight pressure or
density of the air is necessary in any given case, and at the same time
a large supply of air is required the diameter of said wheel must
be diminished, while the length of the scroll section along its axis must
be increased, but in so much as with any given apparatus to supply
carburetted air to more than one burner there must always be more or
less danger, that the supply of air will be too great, and as further-
more, despite every possible provision to prevent the same there will
always be a larger or smaller quantity of water thrown into the pipe e¹
and carried out of the box A', it is clearly necessary to the efficient
working of my apparatus that there shall be some agency by which
any excess of air that is driven through said pipe shall be wasted before'
it is carburetted, and that all the water carried out of said box A¹ shall
be carried back therein in an automatic manner. The mechanical
instrumentality I have devised for the purpose consists of a circular
receiver F which is placed in a larger vessel G' in such manner that an
annular open space j' is established around the former and an interval
equal to the distance between the walls of the two vessels provided
between the respective bottoms of the vessels, as clearly shown in
Figure 3. A small pipe K' connects with the outer vessel G' and box A'
substantially as shown, and there being an opening in the bottom of T'
it is clear that whatever the quantity of water carried out of the box
into F there will always be the same level in said box, and in G' and A'.
But there is always a discharge orifice or pipe m in the vessel F' through
which an excess of air thrown into the same will be forced into the
circumferential space j¹ and thence find its way by reason of its greater
levity through the water therein contained into the open air at the top
of said space which is left open for the purpose. The apertures and m
being very small no sudden expansion of the water from nor re-entering
of the same into the vessel F¹ can take place, nor any such violent
agitation of the water occur under any circumstances whatsoever as will
appreciably affect the regularity of the flow of gas from the same.
expulsion of the surplus air takes place the moment the pressure of the
superincumbent air forces the water in the lower sections of the vessel Fr
down to the vent m, and this always takes place, when the machine
The

page_text: is properly proportioned in its several parts before the density of the air
becomes so great as to force the air through the burner or burners with
such rapidity as to prevent the complete combustion of the carbon in the
gas. This part of the organism therefore prevents irregularity of
pressure at the point of ignition, whatever the number of lights
burning, and at the same time preserves the same level of water in the
box A', however great the quantity that in the rapid operation of the
machine may be thrown out of the same through the pipe e', and also
prevents any sufficiently violent agitation of the water to interfere with
the regular flow of the air, and may hence with great propriety be called
the regulator or governor of my machine. A vertical pipe H' ascends
from the centre of the vessel F' into and nearly to the top of the vessel L'
that is partially filled with water or other suitable liquid and provided
with a glass gauge or pressure measurer n properly marked and numbered.
The air coming from the regulator below and impinging on the upper
surface of the water in the vessel L' forces the same into the gauge or
indicator a, and thus by means of the marks and figures thereon indicates
the precise pressure to which it is subjected with unerring accuracy, and
to some extent also aids to regulate the flow of the air. From the
pipe H' a pipe M' leads into the carburetter N' entering the same near
the top and then descending as shewn by dotted lines until it reaches
very nearly to the bottom thereof, there being a perforated diaphragm O'
attached to its lower end, beneath which the air passing through said
pipo escapes in the operation of the machine, as shown by the arrows.
The carburetter N is provided with a chamber 3 and a recipient
chamber 4 for the hydrocarbon, the latter being considerably smaller
than the former, and enveloped by an annular chamber 5, and an
open space at its bottom, in consequence of its being placed in
an outsido enclosing vessel P¹. The carburetter is supplied with
hydrocarbon from a reservoir or holder R' through a pipe which enters
the former just below the gas chamber. The reservoir R should be
air-tight when the stop-cock is closed, and the aperture in the pipe p
exceedingly small, for my method of feeding the carburetter with
hydrocarbon is by-pressure from the carburetted air which will find its
way through said pipe from the carburetter into the reservoir whenever
the volume of the liquid is reduced to a certain point, and this makes it
necessary that the latter should be absolutely air-tight, or otherwise the
flow of the hydrocarbon will be too rapid into the carburetter and might
cause too much of the same to enter.

page_text: A gauge of glass fixed on the outside of the carburetter N' and
communicating with both the hydrocarbon and gas chambers properly
marked indicates the height of the hydrocarbon, so that if it be too low
or too high the difficulty may be remedied by a movement of a stop-cock
(not shewn in the Drawing) in pipe p.
·
Through a pipes which is also provided with a stop-cock, although
none is shown in the Drawing, water is poured in the open space
around the hydrocarbon chamber 4 until it is nearly full. This water
constitutes my means for maintaining a uniform temperature in the
hydrocarbon at all seasons of the year and under all conditions of the
temperature of the surrounding air, for connected therewith as shown
is a thermo-siphon S¹ with a glass section S* in which when the
temperature is too low for the efficient operation. of the apparatus the
water is kept from being affected thereby by the application of the heat
of a gas jet flowing through a small pipe u that is connected with the
pipe U¹ leading from the carburetter to the burner or burners fed by the
machine.
In carburetting atmospheric air it is very often found that the
infusion of carbon is so great that it is impossible to effect its complete
combustion and that hence there is great waste of the same, and more or
less smoke at the points of combustion. I remedy this evil by con-
necting with the pipe M', a branch pipe W', and leading the same into
the gas chamber, substantially as shown, so that when the stop-cock v
is opened uncarburetted air will be thrown into the gas chamber, where
mingling with that which has been carburetted it will reduce the richness
of the latter to any desired extent.
In some cases it may be requisite to reduce the volume of air passing
through the said pipe M into the carburetter by means of the stop-
cock y' when the above operation is going on, as well as when only a
limited quantity of carburetted air is required for the occasion.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I claim,-
First. Preserving uniformity of temperature in the hydrocarbon at
the point required to produce the best result under varying condition's
of the temperature of the external air, substantially in the manner and
by the means herein described for the purpose set forth.
Second. The revolving feeding wheel B' when constructed and
mounted as described in connection with the second part of my Inventior

page_text: in combination with a box recipient A' therefor, in which is employed
water or other suitable liquid packing, as specified, when all the parts
are arranged and operate substantially as described for the purpose set
forth.
Third. The receiver provided with two apertures and m and 5
surrounded by the outer vessel G which is connected with the box A' by
a pipe K', substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. The combination of the receiver and its adjuncts with the
subject of my first claim by means of a pipe e¹ and its elbow e³, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. The above combination of devices in combination with an
indicator O provided with a gauge substantially as and for the purpose
described.
1
Sixth. The carburetter N when the same is divided into the gas and
hydrocarbon chambers 3 and 4, and the latter are enveloped by the 1
water containing spaces 5, 6, by means of an outer vessel P' with a
thermo-syphon S', in which thero is a globe section S", when these
parts are arranged relatively to each other, as set forth, for the purpose
specified.
Seventh. The above combination of devices, in combination with the 2
subjects of my 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th claims and a pipe ML', substantially
as described for the purpose set forth.
Eighth. The carburetter N when provided with the adjuncts herein
specified, in combination with a reservoir R' when the hydrocarbon is
automatically fed from the latter by means of pressure from the gas 2
that passes therein from the former in the manner herein described.
Ninth. The rod R when constructed, arranged, and operating sub-
stantially as described for the purpose set forth.
Tenth. The pipe II with or without the pipe T in combination with
a recipient A, a tank B, and a carburetter K, with or without 3
an enveloping vessel S, when these several parts are constructed,
arranged, and operate substantially as herein described for the purpose
set forth.
Eleventh. The above combination of devices in combination with the
end and its indicating anuliances substantially as and for the nu

page_text: Twelfth. Carburetting atmospheric air by forcing through the car-
buretter a continuous current or currents of air so regulated that the
precise quantity of air only that is needed and at the time it is needed for
use is carburetted, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
W. J. LOWE.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)