Iм- PROVED MACHINERY POR SEPARATING THE WOODY PART FROM THE FIBRE OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF THE SAME NATURE
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Wilhelm Kaselowsky, of Bielefeld, in
the Kingdom of Prussia, Flax Spinner, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVED MACHINERY POR SEPARATING THE WOODY PART FROM THE FIBRE OF
FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF THE SAME NATURE."
Sealed the 27th July 1869, and dated the 3rd May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Wilhelm
Kaselowsky at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 3rd May 1869.
I, FERDINAND WILHELM KASELOWSKY, of Bielefeld, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, Flax Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING THE WOODY PART FROM
THE FIBRE OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF THE SAME
NATURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on the scutching machinery
for which I obtained Letters Patent dated October 4th 1866, No. 2564,
and consists in improvements whereby the "boon" may be broken up

page_text: and more effectually separated than heretofore from the "lint" without
breaking or wasting the flax or other fibre under treatment.
This object I attain by the use of a novel arrangement of blades
(made of steel, iron, or other suitable substance) between which the
fibres are passed in order that they may undergo a breaking and scraping
operation. The lower blades are arranged in groups round a revolving
axle and receive therefrom an intermittent axial motion; these I call
carrying blades. Above these blades another group of knives or blades
is arranged, which by reason of their connection with a crank shaft
receives a rapid reciprocating vertical motion by which the knives are
caused to enter and withdraw from the spaces between the carrying
blades; these I call the working blades. Within the spaces of some
of the working blades strippers made of wood, leather, or other suitable
material are applied which by means of springs rest with a slight
pressure on the edges of the upturned carrying blades whilst the
working blades enter between their spaces and press down into the
spaces the flax or other fibres fed to the machine. By these means a
very effectual scraping motion for the separation of the woody substance
from the fibre is obtained. The material is delivered into the machine
by a series of fluted rollers, and after it has been operated upon by the
different sets of blades, the cleaned fibre is discharged by a revolving
sheet, and the refuse made during the operation falls to the ground.
In order to avoid any danger to the machine which might be caused
by an excess of feed the following arrangement is adopted :-The feed
rollers are driven from the carrying blade's axle, a pinion on that axle
gearing into a spur wheel carried by a swing radius arm.
This spur
wheel carries a pinion on its boss, which gears into a spur wheel on the
axle of the lowest feed roller. The parts are held in gear by the radius
arm having jointed to it a lever with ratchet teeth on its under side;
these teeth drop over a stud on the frame, and thus the gearing is
locked in position. The fluted rollers are pressed down by means of
pendent rods connected together at their lower ends by a cross beam,
and connected therewith are levers pivoted to the framing and carrying
a board on which the attendant who feeds the machine stands. A link
rod attached to one of the pendent rods and furnished with an elongated
hole receives a pin from the locking lever, and thus these parts are
loosely connected together. As the thickness of the material passing
the nips of the rollers varies, the footboard will rise and fall, thereby

page_text: giving to the attendant a guide for regulating his work. Should how-
ever the spreading attain a thickness which might injure the blades,
or the material worked upon, the locking lever will be lifted off. its
locking pin and the gearing carried by the radius arm will drop out
of gear, and thus the feeding motion will be stopped.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ferdinand Wilhelm Kasclowsky in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND
WILHELM KASELOWSKY, of Bielefeld, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Flax
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Ferdinand Wilhelm Kaselowsky, Her special
licence that I, the said Ferdinand Wilhelm Kaselowsky, my executors,.
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ferdinand.
Wilhelm Kaselowsky, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term thercin expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING THE WOODY PART FROM
THE FIBRE OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OF THE SAME
NATURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ferdinand
Wilhelm Kaselowsky, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Wilhelm Kaselowsky,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed; and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements on the scutching machinery for
which I obtained Letters Patent, dated October Fourth, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six, No. 2564, the object being to break up
and more effectually separate than heretofore the "boon" or woody
part of flax and other like fibres from the "lint" or useful part of the
fibres without breaking or wasting the useful fibres..
This object I attain by the use of a novel arrangement of blades made
of steel, iron, or other suitable substance, between which the fibres are
passed in order that they may undergo a breaking and scraping
operation.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a front elevation
of the improved scutching machine; Fig. 2 is a left hand, and Fig. 3 a
right hand elevation of the same.
In Sheet II., Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the machine taken at
the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section taken at
about the line 3, 4, of Fig. 4.
The blades between which the flax or other fibre to be scutched is
passed are arranged in two sets, the one set having an axial motion by
which the fibre is traversed through the machine, and the other set an
up-and-down motion for breaking up the boon and loosening its hold on
the lint. The lower blades, which may be called the carrying blades, are
arranged in groups round a revolving axle and receive their axial motion
therefrom. Above these is mounted a group of knives or blades which
may be termed the working blades; these blades are suspended from a
crank shaft, and by reason of their connection with that shaft receive a
rapid reciprocating motion which causes them to enter and withdraw
from the spaces between the carrying blades. Within one or more of
the spaces between the working blades a stripper made of wood, leather,
or other suitable material is applied, which by means of springs will
bear with a slight pressure on the edges of the upturned carrying blades
whilst the working blades enter between their spaces and press down
into the spaces the flax or other fibres fed to the machine. By these
means a very effective scraping action (for the separation of the woody
substance from the fibre) is obtained. The material is delivered into the
machine by a series of fluted rollers, and as it passes from under the

page_text: operation of the unmer S
on to a revolving sheet which discharges it from the machine, the
refuse made during the operation falling at the same time to the
ground.
The main framing of the machine consists of two end standards A, A,
connected together in the usual manner by tic bars B, B; C is the
feeding table inclined towards a set of five fluted rollers D, D¹, D, D³, D',
and so placed as to lead the fibre into the bite of the top and second
rollers; E is a horizontal shaft mounted longitudinally in the framing.
It is rounded at its ends to fit the bearings in which it turns, but
squared throughout the remainder of its length that it may the better
carry four sets of scutching blades a, b, c, d. Keyed to one end of this
shaft is a spur wheel which gears into a pinion keyed on a crank
shaft F, which is mounted immediately above the shaft E, and is
supported in bearings in the upper ends of the framing; upon this shaft
the fast and loose driving pulleys are mounted for giving motion to the
machine, the crank shaft F serves both to carry and operate the group
of working blades ffffs. These blades fare connected together at
their ends by cross pins (see Fig. 5), and they are made fast by means of
plates g, g, and screwed rods h, h, to blocks i, i. The screw rods serve
also to connect to the blocks i, i, brasses k which embrace the crank
shaft F, and thereby secure the blades to the crank shaft. The rods h, h,
are formed with collars to carry the plates g, g, and their upper and
screwed ends réceive nuts, by turning which all the parts may be
tightened up and secured in place. The lower ends of the rods aro
extended to form guides for controlling the up-and-down movement of
the blades, and these rods work in rocking guide pieces e carried by the
shaft E; G, G, is the delivering sheet composed of laths set transversely
on endless bands which traverse over tension rollers k mounted in
bearings in bracket arms A'. The material as it is spread on the feeding
table C slides down towards the nip or bite of the slowly revolving fluted
rollers D, D, and by means of the curved guide plates H, H, H, it
is caused to pass into the bite of all the fluted, rollers in succession,
after which it is presented to the action of the blades. The crank
shaft F making four revolutions to one revolution of the shaft E causes
the group of working blades to enter successively the spaces of all the
carrying blades. These carrying blades are so arranged that the groups a
and c enter the spaces between the working blades f, f, f, whilst

page_text: the groups band d enter the spaces of the working blades f¹, ƒ³, ƒ³.
In the space between the blades f and f³ a stripper m is placed which
is pressed down by a spring n. It will be understood that the action of
the groups a and c is preparatory or a commencement of the scraping
process, whilst the action of the groups b and d in connection with the
stripper m finishes the operation.
In order to avoid injury to the machine which might arise from an
excess of feed, the following arrangement is adopted :-The feed rollers
are driven (see Fig. 3) from the shaft E, a pinion 1 on that shaft gears
into a spur wheel 2 carried by a swing radius arm I. This spur wheel 2
carries on its boss a pinion 3 which gears into a spur wheel 4 on the
axle of the lowest feed roller D'. The wheels are held in gear by the
radius arm I, having jointed to it a hand lever J with ratchet teeth
on its under edge. These teeth drop over a stud j projecting from the
framing, and thus the gearing is locked in position.
.
The fluted rollers D, D', D', D', D', are pressed down by means of
pendent rods K, K, connected together at their lower ends by a cross
beam L, and connected therewith are arms M, M, pivotted to the side
frames A, A. These arms M, M, carry a board N on which the
attendant stands to feed the machine. Attached to one of the pendent
rods K is a link rod or arm O which is furnished with an elongated hole
for receiving a pin that projects from the locking lever J, and thus the
arrangements for weighting and driving the feed rolls are connected
together. It will now be understood that as the thickness of the
material passing between the rollers varies, the foot board N will rise
and fall, thereby serving as a gauge to the attendant whereby to
regulate his work; should, however, the spreading attain a thickness
which, if increased, might injure the blades or the material worked upon
the rods K will rise and lift the locking lever off its locking pin (or
the attendant may lift the lever), and the gearing carried by the radius
arm will drop out of action, and thus the feeding motion will be
stopped.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved
Machinery for Separating the Woody Part from the Fibre of Flax,
Hemp, Jute, and other Fibrous Substances of the same Nature, and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be
understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I
claim,-

page_text: First. Arranging and operating the working and carrying blades in
the manner above described.
Secondly. The arrangement above described for driving and stopping
the action of the feed rollers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Wilhelm Kaselowsky,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fifth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.
F. W. KASELOWSKY. (L.S.)