CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS, AND OF FURNACES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, AND FOR THE CLEANSING OF SUCH BOILERS."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to John Horrocks, of Ainsworth House, Ainsworth, in the
IMPROVING
County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, for the Invention of
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS, AND OF FURNACES IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH, AND FOR THE CLEANSING OF SUCH BOILERS."
Sealed the 15th November 1878, and dated the 31st May 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Horrocks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1878.
JOHN HORROCKS, of Ainsworth House, Ainsworth, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Manufacturer. "IMPROVING THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS, AND
OF FURNACES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, AND FOR THE CLEANSING OF SUCH
BOILERS."
As respects the boilers and the furnaces and flues in connection therewith, the
Invention consists in the mode in which the cylinders are ranged in relation to each
other and to the position of the furnace; and also consists in the increased utili-
zation of heat, and the consequent economy of fuel, effected by producing a slow
combustion combined with the exposure of the greatest possible amount of boiler
surface to the effect of the heat.
In boilers to be constructed in accordance with this Invention I place two or
more boilers parallel to each other, and at a short distance above them, at right
angles thereto, and connected therewith, I place an upper series of boilers, two or
more of such upper series being coupled together, and the number of boilers placed
in the upper series being determined by the length of the boiler in the lower series,
and the length of the boilers in such upper series being determined more or less by
the number of boilers in the lower series.
As regards the furnace, that is, so constructed in connection with the boilers that

page_text: the fire is made to play directly upon the lower half of the under series of cylinders.
It is then conducted by return side flues to the space between the upper and lower
series of cylinders, where it plays upon the upper surface of the lower range of
cylinders, and upon the lower surface of the upper range of cylinders.
As respects the cleansing of boilers by the Patent No. 1218 granted to me, dated
22nd March 1876, I have applied fixed scrapers to the interior and exterior of
revolving cylinders, and revolving scrapers to fixed cylinders. I desire to enlarge
upon that Patent in the following particulars:-
In the case of revolving cylinders the cleansing of the inner surface may be
effected either by scrapers or by the introduction of a wheel flanged, or in the
nature of a paddle wheel, revolving in an opposite direction to that in which the
cylinder rotates.
In the case of fixed cylinders the cleansing of the boiler may be effected by the
use of scrapers caused to move against the inner surface of the cylinder either
horizontally or by a rotary movement, or by the introduction of agitators without
scrapers, caused to move either horizontally or in a rotary direction within a short
space of the inner surface of the cylinder.
Boilers to be connected under the present Specification will all be fixed, conse-
quently the cleansing thereof, both internally and externally, will be effected by
scrapers made to move mechanically either horizontally or in a rotary direction,
those on the exterior being made to describe in each revolution a segment of a
circle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Horrocks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th November
1878.
JOHN HORROCKS, of Ainsworth House, Ainsworth, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Manufacturer. "IMPROVING THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS, AND
OF FURNACES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, AND FOR THE CLEANSING OF SUCH
BOILERS."
"> <
" "
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawings is a vertical sectional elevation, shewing the
construction of the furnace "
c," and flues " d," "d," so far as respects the
lower series of cylinders "a," a," showing how the fire plays directly in the first
instance on the lower surface of the cylinders, and on its return upon the upper
surface of the same cylinders.
"
Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional Drawing, shewing the arrangement of the upper "b,"
'b," and lower "a," "a," series of cylinders to be constructed in accordance with
this my Patent, and shewing also how the fire by means of the return flue is made
to play upon the upper surface of the lower cylinders "a," "a," and upon the lower
surface of the upper cylinders "b," "b," and the connections between the two, thus
exposing to the direct influence of the fire and heat the utmost possible amount of
boiler surface. The said Fig. 2 also shews the application of gearing "e," "e," for
moving, as after described, the internal and external scrapers, as well as the position
of external scrapers "f" "f" applied to the under surface of the upper series of
cylinders "b," "b."
Fig. 3 is an elevation partly in section, shewing the external scrapers "f," "f"
intended to work horizontally against the external surface of the upper portion of
cylinders where the upper series of cylinders contemplated by this my Patent are
not adopted.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of an improved boiler, shewing however only the
lower series of cylinders "a," "a," but shewing the application of the internal
scrapers "g," "g," or agitators, in the one case working "g1" by rotary motion,
and in the other "g 2" by horizontal motion along the length of the cylinder.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation (transverse to Figure 2), shewing the relative
"
ai 'a," series of
positions and connections between the upper "b," "b," and lower "
cylinders in the construction of improved boilers according to this Patent, and
shewing the adoption of internal "g," "g," scrapers or agitators working by rotary
movement, and of external scrapers "f," "f" working in a horizontal direction.
" "
The Invention consists of two or more upper and lower cylinders "b," "b," "a,"
"a," placed side by side, the upper series of cylinders "b," "b," running in right
angles to and at a slight distance above the lower series "a," "a," and being con-
nected therewith, and any two or more of them being also connected together, the
lower series " a," coming in contact with a furnace "c," "c," and the said lower
series "a,"
""a," and the upper series "b," "b," being connected with a flue "d," "d."
The number of cylinders placed in the upper series is determined, more or less, by
the length of the cylinders in the lower series, and the length of the cylinders in
such upper series is determined, more or less, by the number of cylinders in the
lower series. The cylinders "a," "a," are kept full of water, and the cylinders "b,"
"b," half full of water.
The cylinders "a," 'a," and "b," "b," are kept constantly cleansed by means
of internal "g," "g," scrapers or agitators, and of external "f" "f" scrapers.
The internal cleansing is performed either by means of scrapers affixed to a wheel
with flanges, like a paddle wheel, made to perform either complete or partial revo-
lutions "g1," or arranged as in Fig. 4, "g 2," and made to work horizontally in a
direction from end to end of the cylinder, or by rotation, the scrapers in the latter
caso being arranged spirally along the axis; or the internal cleansing is effected by:

page_text: means of agitators moving either by complete or partial revolutions "g 1," and con-
structed either with straight, or curved, or spiral flanges, or moving horizontally
"g2" in the direction of the length of the cylinder. A number of these cylinders
being placed side by side, the cleansing apparatus, whether agitator or scraper, can
be set in motion by means of one longitudinal shaft (Fig. 2, "e," "e") for each series
of cylinders, each agitator or scraper being driven therefrom by means of a pair of
bevil wheels or moved by an eccentric.
In the case of revolving cylinders constructed under my said Patent, No. 1218,
the cleansing of the inner surface is to be effected by means of scrapers fixed as
described in that Patent, or made to move horizontally backwards and forwards in
the direction of the length of the cylinder; or by the introduction into the cylinder
of a flanged wheel with scrapers affixed thereto, made to revolve in a direction
contrary to that in which the cylinder rotates, or in the same direction but at a
different speed; or of a flanged wheel without scrapers, so constructed that the
flanges shall revolve or move within a very short space, or otherwise, of the inner
surface of the cylinders, they being made in cases in which they describe an entire
revolution to move in a direction opposite to that in which the cylinder rotates, or
in the same direction but at a different speed.
The cleansing is thus effected either by actual scraping, or, as respects the inner
surface of the cylinders, by the water being agitated in such manner as to be
driven against, and so caused to create a friction against, the said inner surface of
the cylinder, or by its being otherwise agitated to such degree as to produce suf-
ficient movement to prevent sediment and impurities which would otherwise coat
the said inner surface being thus retained in suspension, and so drawn off with the
water.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,―
1st. The construction of boilers and the furnaces and flues in connection there-
with, consisting of an upper and lower series of cylinders, ranged as shewn in
Drawing No. 2, and connected as before explained, by which means the greatest
possible amount of boiler surface is exposed to the effect of the heat from the
furnace and flues, whereby an increased utilization of heat is effected, resulting in
the consequent economy of fuel.
2ndly. The novel construction of the furnace and flues in connection with the
boilers, whereby the fire is made to play directly upon the lower half of the under
series of cylinders shown in the said Drawing No. 2, it being then connected by
return side flues to the space between the upper and lower series of cylinders,
whereby it plays upon the upper surface of the lower range of cylinders, and upon
the lower surface of the upper range of cylinders.
3rdly. The application to boilers to be constructed under my Patent, No. 1218,
granted to me on 21st September 1876, of cleansing apparatus as follows:-
A. In the case of revolving cylinders, the cleansing of the inner surface either by
means of scrapers fixed, as described in my said former Patent, or by scrapers made
to move horizontally backwards and forwards along the length of the cylinder.
Or, B. By introducing into the cylinder a flanged wheel with scrapers affixed,
made to revolve in a direction contrary to that in which the cylinder rotates, or in
the same direction but at a different speed.
Or, C. By the introduction into the cylinder of a flanged wheel without scrapers,
so constructed that the flanges shall revolve or move within a very short space, or
otherwise, of the inner surface of the cylinders, and in cases in which they perform
an entire revolution, they being made to revolve either in a direction opposite to
that in which the cylinder rotates, or in the same direction but at a different
speed.
4thly. By the application to cylinders which are fixed, of internal and external
scrapers, made to rotate in complete or partial revolutions, or made to play in a

page_text: horizontal direction backwards and forwards against the inner and outer surfaces of
the said cylinders; or, as respects the inner surface of the cylinders, of agitators
without scrapers, made to rotate in complete or partial revolution, or to play hori-
zontally within a short space of the inner surface of the cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Horrocks, have hereunto set my hand and
peal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the above-named John Horrocks
in the presence of
THO. PARKER,
Solr.,
40, Bedford Row,
Agent for
Wm. Parker,
London.
5, Norfolk Street,
Manchester.
JOHN HORROCKS.
(L.S.)