Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps and Ventilators.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 1st Sept., 1890-Accepted, 8th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps and Ventilators.
I, FRIEDRICH PELZER,. of the Town of Dortmund, in the German Empire, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in centrifugal pumps and ventilators.
The diffusor in centrifugal pumps and ventilators serves to utilize the energy of the
water or air passing out of, the fly wheel, so that the velocity is transformed into
pressure.
Theoretical calculations are known and have existed for a long time, according to
which the proportions of these diffusors can be accurately ascertained but are of very
little practical value, for the reason that in most cases the requisite details cannot be
ascertained with even approximate exactitude, and on the other hand these details
vary considerably at times for certain apparatus.
If, for instance, the proportions of the diffusor in a ventilator are arranged for a
larger quantity or volume of air than can be delivered by the ventilator when driven
at a given speed, the speed of the air flowing from the fly wheel will not be so
reduced as to cause same to correspond with the larger section of the diffusor, the
consequence being that whirls are produced and a loss of power ensues.
The devices constituting my said invention consist of the funnel-shaped mouth-
piece and an annular wall, the fly wheel of the ventilator being partially surrounded hy
the said funnel. When a funnel-shaped mouthpiece is not used, the air, which
issues from the fly wheel with somewhat greater speed than the peripheral speed of
the fly wheel itself, will expand in the same proportion as the space increases in
size.
When the free space around the fly wheel is of such size that all the outstreaming
particles of air can flow out of this space without hindrance and rectangularly to the
driving shaft, the size of the space increases more rapidly than the speed of the
outstreaming air can be converted into power, so that reductions in speed are
produced by the formation of whirls in which the energy is not utilized. If, however,
the funnel is used the air issues from the ventilator as a uniform gyrating mass of
air on the walls of the funnel. This gyrating mass of air is driven, on the one hand
through the mass of air continuously issuing from the fly wheel towards the wall
and must escape between the latter and the second wall.
It is of importance that the distance between the two walls be of correct proportions,
and in order that this can be attained, and especially for mines where the equivalent
width cannot be determined before the ventilator is set in operation, one of the
walls is made adjustable, but need not necessarily be vertical, and can be slightly
tapered, the axis of the funnel being however made to coincide with the axis of
the ventilator. The funnel and one of the walls are also employed in the ventilator,
whereby this said wall also forms the wall opposite to the suction mouthpiece. The
necessary air issues between the funnel opening and the wall in gyrating movement.
The casing is not, as customary, eccentrical to the axis.
The air driven out has time and space for transferring its active power into
pressure as the same, during its gyrating movement in the casing, passes gradually
from the wall to the suction mouthpiece.
In accordance with the above the said mouthpiece does not occupy the entire
breadth of the casing but only a corresponding portion commencing with one of the
walls. What has been said in reference to centrifugal ventilators refers also to
centrifugal pumps.
Dated this 6th day of December 1889.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps and Ventilators.
I, FRIEDRICH PELZER, of the Town of Dortmund, in the German Empire, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in centrifugal pumps and ventilators. The
diffusor in centrifugal pumps and ventilators serves to utilize the energy of the water
or air passing the turbine or fan, so that the velocity is transformed into pressure.
Theoretical calculations are known and have existed for a long time, according to
which the proportions of these diffusors can be accurately ascertained, but are of very
little practical value for the reason that in most cases the requisite details cannot be
ascertained with even approximate exactitude, and on the other hand these details
vary considerably at times for certain apparatus. If, for instance, the proportions of
the diffusor in a ventilator are arranged for a larger quantity or volume of air than
can be delivered by the ventilator when driven at a given speed, the speed of the air
flowing from the wheel or fan will not be so quickly reduced that it corresponds
with the larger section of the diffusor, the consequence being that whirls are produced
and a loss of power ensues.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 an
elevation of the inner surface of the ventilator when looking in the direction given by
the arrows and the section line in Figure 1, said ventilator being arranged for
ventilating mines with devices for preventing the formation of whirls, even when the
proportions of the width of the shaft of the mine vary.
These devices consist of the funnel-shaped mouthpiece T, Figures 1 and 2, and
the annular wall W, the fly wheel of the ventilator being partially surrounded by the
funnel T. When a funnel-shaped mouthpiece T is not used, the air, which issues
from the fly wheel with somewhat greater speed than the speed of the periphery of
the fan itself, will expand in the same proportion as the space increases in size.
When the free space around the fly wheel is of such size that all the outstreaming
particles of air can flow out of this space without hindrance and rectangularly to the
driving shaft, the size of the space increases more rapidly than the speed of the
outstreaming air can be converted into power, so that reductions in speed are
produced by the formation of whirls in which the energy is not utilized.
If, however, the funnel T is used, the air issues from the ventilator as a uniform
gyrating mass of air on the walls of the funnel. This gyrating mass of air is driven,
on the one hand through the inclination of the funnel wall, on the other hand
through the mass of air continuously issuing from the fan towards the wall W and
must escape between the latter and the wall W¹.
It is of importance that the distance between the wall W and the wall W¹ be of
correct proportions, and in order that this can be attained, and especially for mines
where the equivalent width cannot be determined before the ventilator is set in
operation, the wall W, Figures 1 and 2, is made adjustable in the direction of the
axis. The wall W need not be vertical as given in the drawing, Figs. 1 and 2, but
can be slightly tapered; the axis of the funnel must, however, coincide with the
axis of the ventilator.
Instead of the annular wall W, which in combination with the cylinder C prevents
the admission of the exterior air or liquid to the fly wheel, two screwed
cylinders C¹, C² can be applied to the wall W", Figure 6, with equal advantage, of
which the inner cylinder C is attached to the wall W", whilst the exterior O can
be moved in the direction of the axis of the ventilator. If the exterior cylinder
is pushed towards the wall W¹, so that the space remaining between the exterior
cylinder and the wall W" is supplied with the outflowing air from the ventilator
without a stoppage within the cylinder ensuing, the desired suctional action is
attained, which in the space between the cylinder and the periphery of the ventilator

page_text: fly wheel produces a corresponding depression to the rapidity of the outflowing air.
It will be evident that the exterior cylinder can be attached to the wall and the other
made movable.
The funnel T and wall W are also employed in the ventilators, Figures 3, 4 and 5,
whereby the wall W also forms the wall or casing opposite to the suction mouth-
piece. The air issues between the funnel opening m, n, and the wall W in gyrating
movement. The casing H is not, as customary, eccentrical but centrical to the axis.
The air driven out has time and space for transferring its energy into pressure as
the same, during its gyrating movement in the casing H, passes gradually from the
wall W to the suction mouthpiece.
In accordance with the above the mouthpiece O does not occupy the entire breadth
of the casing H but only a corresponding portion commencing with the wall at S.
What has been said in reference to centrifugal ventilators refers also to centrifugal
pumps.
A like result can be attained by placing a similar movable cylinder C, as
represented in Figure 7, around the exterior wall of the funnel-shaped mouthpiece T.
By this arrangement, as well as with the foregoing, the wall W must be fitted air-
tight around the spindle of the ventilator up to the cylinder C¹, Cu, Fig. 6, and C,
Figure 7.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1-A centrifugal pump or ventilator, by means of which the conducting of the
liquid or the gases out of the suction into the pressure space is effected, by varying
quantities or volumes, without loss of power, thereby that the fly wheel is arranged
completely or partly in the funnel-shaped mouthpiece of the pressure space, whilst,
a: A movable wall W parallel to the wings is arranged opposite to the funnel-
shaped mouthpiece ;
b: Two cylinders C and C¹¹, one sliding on the other, Figure 6, are arranged
opposite to the funnel-shaped mouthpiece, of which the one Ci rests against
the wall W, whilst the other C" is movable in the direction of the axis ;
c: The funnel-shaped mouthpiece, Figure 7, is surrounded by a screw cylinder,
which is made movable in the direction of the axis, all substantially as specified
and shown.
2: The construction and application of my improved ventilator, substantially as
set forth in the foregoing specification, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of September 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.