Improvements in Evaporating Apparatus.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Evaporating Apparatus.
We THOMAS GAUNT of Brooklyn in the State of New York, one of the United
States of America, Engineer, and EUGENE HOWARD CLAPP of Boston in the State of
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to evaporating apparatus and has for one of its obje
simplify, cheapen, and improve the construction of evaporators, whereby an apparatus
of maximum capacity may be made so as to occupy but a substantially small amount
of space and whereby the component parts of the evaporator may be readily accessible
for inspection, repairs and other purposes.
Another feature of our invention consists in providing the hollow evaporating
surface with a helical or spiral conveyer located in the hollow evaporating surface,
whereby the liquid to be evaporated on its passage through the hollow evaporating
surface is caused to come in contact with substantially the whole of the interior
of the evaporating surface, the said liquor being given a rotary or rifle motion
whereby incrustation on the interior of the evaporating surface is prevented or
largely obviated.
The particular features in which our invention consists will be pointed out in the
claim at the end of this specification.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of one form of evaporating apparatus embodying our
invention.
Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 on line - the
evaporating tubes being shown in elevation, and one of the said tubes being partially
broken out to show the spiral or helical conveyer.
Fig. 3 a top or plan view partially broken out of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 a transverse section on line y-y Fig. 3 looking toward the right, and
Fig. 5 a detail of one of the evaporating tubes broken out to more clearly show the
spiral conveyer.
The improved apparatus consists of an enclosing case A, herein shown as cylindrical
in shape and provided with heads A', A2, after the manner of an ordinary tubular
boiler, the said case containing within it a hollow evaporating surface, preferably tubes
or pipes a.
The tubes or pipes a are preferably arranged in vertical rows, as shown in
Fig. 1, when it is desired to obtain a surface evaporation, and each row of tubes
or pipes is extended through the heads A', A*, and is supported within the shell
or case A substantially near the longitudinal centre of the same by plates or bars a¹,
herein shown as secured by bolts a² to angle-irons a³ riveted or otherwise secured to
the shell A.
Each row of tubes a is extended beyond the heads A¹, A³, and the tubes or pipes of
each row are preferably expanded or otherwise secured vacuum tight in the said heads,
and each row of tubes has fitted upon its extended ends, at each end or side of the
case or shell, one or more independent castings or boxes 6 which may be divided by
partitions to form chambers 6*.
The box or casting 6' is fitted upon the projecting ends of the said tubes, and the
said tubes are preferably expanded steam tight within the said box or casting, and
preferably opposite each tube or pipe the outer wall or side of each casting is provided
with an opening of substantially the same size as the tube or pipe, which opening is
normally closed by a cover 63, herein shown as secured steam tight over its opening
by means of a bolt 6* and crow-foot or bar b*.

page_text: As herein represented each vertical row of tubes a has co-operating with it a liquid
feeder or supply, herein shown as a pipe 66, provided at its upper end with a
longitudinal slot 67, see Fig. 3, the said tubes being extended beyond the heads A¹, A²,
of the case or shell and preferably expanded into the box or casting 68 at each end of
the apparatus, the said boxes being preferably also provided opposite each feed tube 66
with an opening having a removable cover 63 secured thereto by a bolt 61 and crow-
foot b³.
The liquid feed box 68 at each end of the apparatus is herein shown as provided
with vertical cylinders 60 near its opposite ends into which may be extended vertical
legs 6 of a branch pipe 613, the said branch pipos at opposite ends of the shell or case
heing connected by a pipe 614, which communicates with the liquor supply, not herein
shown
exical legs of the branch pipe 613 are extended down, as herein shown, into
the ical cylinders 610 substantially to near the bottom of the same, so as to form a
liqui seal, whereby the different degrees of vacuum between two or more evaporators
may be maintained, when two or more of the said evaporators are arranged in
gradation and connected together for multiple effect, that is, when the vapors arising
from the first effect or apparatus, constitute the heating medium for the second effect
or apparatus.
As herein shown the two uppermost tubes or pipes of each vertical row of pipes at
one end of the apparatus are expanded into a common or single casting or box 63, as
clearly shown Figs. 1 and 2, and the castings or boxes co-operating with the remaining
tubes of the different vertical rows of tubes, are shown as sub-divided by the walls b₁
into the chambers b².
The dividing walls in each casting or box 6 are preferably arranged, so as to form
a continuous passage from the uppermost box 6 through the tubes to the lowermost or
last chamber, whereby the heating medium may be continuously circulated through
each vertical row of tubes when the evaporation takes place on the outside of the tube,
as represented by the apparatus herein shown.
The beating medium may be supplied to the uppermost box bat one end of the case
or shell by the supply pipes c, there being two such pipes therein shown, which may
be connected with the steam boiler or other source of heat, or which may be connected
with the case or shell A of another evaporator, when two or more evaporators are
connected together to form a multiple effect.
The case or shell A is provided, as herein shown, with two man-holes c¹, by means
of which access may be had to the interior of the case or shell to clean or otherwise
repair the interior of the evaporator.
The case or shell A is also provided, as herein shown, with a vapor outlet c³ by
which the steam or vapors may pass off to constitute the heating agent of a second
evaporator, or may pass off to a condenser, if desired.
By means of the removable covers &³ for the openings in the castings or boxes b,
access may be readily had to the interior of the evaporating tubes for inspection or for
purpose of repairs, or to enable the same to be cleaned, for it will readily be seen that
the said cover opposite the ends of a tube or pipe may be removed, and a swab,
scraper or other instrument may be run through the tube from one end to the other,
thereby enabling the evaporating tubes to be quickly cleaned on their inner side
without disturbing the remaining parts of the apparatus.
By providing the removable covers, preferably opposite each individual tube or pipe,
any defect or fault in the apparatus may be readily noted and located.
We have herein described the evaporator as consisting of tubes or pipes arranged
in vertical rows and having co-operating with them a liquid supply constructed to
deliver the liquid to be evaporated over and upon the outside surface of the said tubes.
While we prefer this construction of apparatus, we do not desire to limit the
invention in this respect as the castings or boxes provided with the removable cover or
covers may be used equally well with an evaporating apparatus in which the liquor is
supplied to the interior of the tubes and the heating agent is supplied to the outside

page_text: of the same for in this case it will be seen that by means of the removable covers each
tube may be readily cleaned on its inner side and inspected at any time without any
considerable trouble.
When the evaporation takes place on the interior of the hollow evaporating surface,
that is on the interior of the tubes, preferably each tube will have placed within it an
independent removable spiral or helical conveyor, or screw h, see Fig. 5, which is
fitted into the said tube substantially liquid tight.
The liquid supplied to the evaporating tubes is caused by the screw h to come in
contact with substantially the entire interior surface of the said tube, and by reason
of its rifle or rotary motion the said liquid has a flushing action upon the interior of
the tube to prevent incrustation of the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1: An evaporating apparatus consisting of an enclosing case provided with head,
an evaporating surface composed of tubes or pipes extended through the said heads,
one or more independent castings or boxes supported by the extended ends of the said
tubes or pipes and made steam and vacuum tight, and provided with one or more
removable covers, substantially as described.
2: An evaporating apparatus consisting of an onclosing case provided with heads,
an evaporating surface composed of tubes or pipes extended through the said heads
and secured therein steam and vacuum tight, one or more independent castings or
boxes fitted upon the projecting ends of the said tubes or pipes, and provided with one
or more removable covers substantially as described.
3: An evaporating apparatus consisting of an enclosing case provided with heads,
an evaporating surface composed of tubes or pipes extended through the said heads
and secured therein steam and vacuum tight, one or more independent castings or
boxes fitted steam and vacuum tight upon the projecting ends of the said tubes or
pipes and provided with one or more removable covers substantially as described.
4: An evaporating apparatus consisting of an enclosing case provided with heads,
a hollow evaporating surface extended through and beyond said heads and secured
therein steam and vacuum tight, one or more castings or boxes fitted upon the
projecting ends of the hollow evaporating surface and provided with an opening
substantially in line with the hollow evaporating surface, and a removable cover for
said opening, substantially as described.
Dated the 7th dow of Irly 1900
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.