Improvements in Apparatus for Indicating the Levelness or Extent of Inclination of Surfaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Indicating the Levelness or Extent
of Inclination of Surfaces.
1, ERNST HOHNBAUM, of Rodach Koburg, Germany, Machine-maker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Apparatus according to this invention comprises a circular disc in front of which
any desired pointer plays, by means of which it is possible to measure inclinations
of any desired magnitude. Two constructions of apparatus according to this
invention are shown in the accompanying drawings in which
Figs. 1 to 3 show in front elevation, plan, and longitudinal section respectively
one arrangement in which a pointer is employed which is weighted below its point
of rotation.
In a circular box a is provided a graduated scale 6 and in the middle of the box
there is arranged a pin c or points on or between which is mounted the pointer d,
which is capable of turning easily about its pivot. The pointer is provided below
its pivot with a loading-weight e, the effect of which is that the pointer d is always
in a vertical position. The box a is attached to a straight-edge fin such a manner
that in the horizontal position of the straight-edge the pointer d stands at zero. If,
now, the straight-edge be placed on a surface which is not horizontal, the pointer
will move round in front of the graduated scale b to an extent corresponding to the
inclination of the surface. Prominent subdivisions of the graduated scale, for
example 90°, 45°, and 30°, are marked in such a manner as to be specially visible or
are distinguished by special pins inserted in the inner periphery of the box. The
box a is closed at the front by a transparent disc h.
The pointer d may be made to project through the box a, the periphery of
which will then be slotted, and the graduated scale & be arranged on the external
periphery of the box.
In the construction represented in Figs. 4 and 5, of which Fig. 4 shows a front
elevation and Fig. 5 a longitudinal section, there is provided in place of the
pointer (Fig. 1) a water-level i, which is pivoted at the centre et so as to be
capable of turning.
The ends of the water-level are tapered to points k, which serve as pointers
and move over the graduated scale. In the horizontal position of the straight-
edgef, these points point to zero on the scale b. The water-level i is supported
in place by means of one or two centre-screws and can be fixed in position by the
game. If it be desired to transfer a certain angle, for example 5° to the horizontal,
the water-level will be placed at 5° on the scale b and the straight-edge will be
adjusted to such a degree that the air-bubble m of the water-level will be in.the
centre of the latter.
This procedure is reversed when it is required to measure the inclination; the
water-level itself is placed in a horizontal position and consequently so that the
air-bubble m is in the centre of the water-level; and the inclination that the straight-
edge has with regard to the horizontal is then read off by means of the position of
the point on the scale b.
k

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Indicating the Levelness or Extent:
of Inclination of Surfaces.
I, ERNST HOHNBAUM, of Rodach Koburg, Germany, Machine-maker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Apparatus for indicating the levelness or extent of inclination of surfaces,
according to this invention, comprises a circular disc in front of which works a
pointer by means of which it is possible to measure inclinations of any desired
magnitude. Two constructions of apparatus according to this invention are shown
in the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification.
In these drawings,
Figs. 1 to 3 show in front elevation, plan, and longitudinal section respectively,
one arrangement in which the pointer is weighted below its point of rotation.
In a circular box a there is provided a graduated scale b and in the middle of the
..box there is arranged a pin c or points on or between which is mounted the pointer d,
which is capable of turning easily about its pivot. This pointer is provided below
its pivot with a loading-weight e the effect of which is that the pointer d is always
maintained in a vertical position. The box a is attached to a straight-edge fin
such a manner that in the horizontal position of the straight-edge the upper end of
the pointer d stands opposite the zero-mark on the scale b. If now, the straight-
edge be placed on a surface which is not horizontal, the pointer will move round
relatively to and in front of the graduated scale to an extent corresponding to the
inclination of the said surface. Prominent sub-divisions of the graduated scale, for
example 90°, 45°, and 30°, are marked in such a manner as to be specially visible
or are distinguished by special pins g inserted in the inner periphery of the box.
The box a is closed at the front by a transparent disc h.
The pointer d may be made to project through the rim or periphery of the box a,
which will then be slotted, the graduated scale being then arranged on the
external periphery of the box.
In the construction represented in Figs. 4 and 5, of which Fig. 4 shows a front
clevation, and Fig. 5 a longitudinal section, there is provided in place of the
pointer d (Fig. 1) a water-level which is pivoted at the centre e so as to be
capable of turning.
The ends of the water-level are tapered to points k, k which serve as pointers and
move over the graduated scale b. In the horizontal position of the straight-edge f,
these points point to zero on the scale b. The water-level is supported in place
by means of one or two centre-screws and can be fixed in position by the same.
If it be desired to transfer a certain angle, for example 5° to the horizontal, the
water-level will be placed at 5° on the scale band the straight-edge will be
adjusted to such a degree that the air-bubble m of the water-level will be in the
centre of the latter.
.This procedure is reversed when it is required to measure the inclination; the
water-level itself is then placed in a horizontal position and consequently so that
the air-bubble m is in the centre of the water-level; and the inclination that the
straight-edge has with regard to the horizontal is then read off by means of the
position of the point & on the scale b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for indicating the levelness or extent of inclination of surfaces,

page_text: comprising a straight-edge ƒ and a box a firmly connected therewith, the said box
being provided with a scale b and containing a pointer d that is capable of turning
about a centre and carries a weight e below its point of rotation so that in a
horizontal position of the straight-edge, the pointer will be situate at the zero-point
of the scale, and in an inclined position of the straight-edge will indicate the
extent of inclination of the said straight-edge to the horizontal substantially as
described.
2. The modified construction of apparatus for indicating the levelness or extent
of inclination of surfaces, in which a water-level i is mounted in the centre of a
graduated scale b, so as to be capable of turning and of being fixed in position,
and so that the points k of the said water-level will move over the scale 6 in such a
manner that in a horizontal position of the water-level i the points k of the said
water-level will be at or opposite the zero-points of the scale, substantially as
described
Dated this 5th day of March 1894.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.