AN IMPROVED CONDENSED MILк."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED CONDENSED MILк."-A communication from abroad
by Gail Borden, of White Plains, County of Westchester, and
John Gail Borden, of South East, County of Putnam, both in the
State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 1st January 1874, and dated the 11th November 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 11th November 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED

page_text: executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Gail Borden, of White Plains, County
of Westchester, and John Gail Borden, of South East, County of
Putnam, both in the State of New York, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my
hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by
the following statement, that is to say:-
:-
This Invention consists of a new and useful manufacture or product,
namely, condensed milk that will keep sound and continue in a state of
preservation without the use of sugar or any antiseptic or other foreign
substance, the following being a full, clear, and exact descripton of the
same, and of the process or operation by which it is produced.
I am aware that concentrated sweet milk has been produced by
evaporation in vacuo, the same having no sugar or other foreign matter
mixed with it; but the milk thus concentrated was not thereby rendered
preservative, and would not remain in a sound condition any considerable
time.
Heretofore milk to be condensed and preserved has only been brought
to a boiling heat which has been found amply sufficient to fit the fluid
milk for evaporation in vacuo, and it has been found necessary heretofore
in order to preserve the milk when condensed to combine sugar with it
during the process of condensation. But for the purpose herein referred
to according to this Invention the milk is placed in any suitable closed
vessel, the same being heated under a pressure to such a degree of
temperature, above two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit as will
destroy the germs of putrescence or any element or property in milk
promoting or tending to fermentation, putrefaction, or decomposition.
The milk thus treated is then let into a vacuum pan and. condensed in
the ordinary way, and then put into cans and hermetically sealed by the
usual and well known methods.
The article produced as herein described is pure milk so acted upon by
heat as to be freed from the elements or property leading to fermen-
tation, putrescence, or decomposition, and condensed in the usual way.

page_text: Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as new,
and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the manufacture or product
of condensed milk rendered preservative by heating the milk under
pressure to a degree above the boiling point, or above two hundred and
twelve degrees Fahrenheit by the process and operation, and substantially
as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
HENRY W. DEWEY,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)