CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTING OF STEAM VESSELS AND STEAM CARRIAGES, A PORTION OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Luke
HEBERT, of Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
and JAMES DON, of Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the City of
Westminster, send greeting.
of
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-first day of February, in the third year
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Luke Hebert and James Don, His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Luke Hebert and James
Don, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Luke
Hebert and James Don, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY
EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTING OF STEAM VESSELS AND STEAM CARRIAGES, A
PORTION OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Luke Hebert
and James Don, or one of us, 'shall cause a particular description of the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear,

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Don, on behalf of myself and the said Luke Herbert, do hereby
declare the nature of our Invention to consist,-
First, in Improvements applicable to rotary steam engines, whereby the
same are rendered capable of working with less friction, and at the same time
more steam-tight than those heretofore constructed;
Secondly, our Invention consists of various arrangements of tubular boilers
applicable to generating steam for working our improved rotary engines of
other constructions, or for generating steam for other purposes;
And, thirdly, in a means of more quickly withdrawing steam from behind
the piston.
In order that our Invention may be fully described, I will now describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed. First, of our Improvements on rotary steam
engines consisting of two cylinders, one revolving concentrically within the
other see Figures 1 and 2. A, the outer cylinder, which is fixed and
stationary, having passages 1, 2, which may be the full length of the
cylinder, to allow the entry and exit of the steam; the inner cylinder B
revolves, and is placed concentric with the outer or fixed cylinder A. There
are two grooves or recesses in this cylinder B, in which slide inwards and
onwards two rectangular pistons, which are pushed or forced outwards by
springs contained in these recesses, which are further assisted by permitting
the steam to pass down the face of the pistons (by passages made for the
purpose), which, pressing against the lower part of the recess and the under
sides of the pistons, assists the springs in tightening or making a closer junction
of the upper edge of the piston against the inside of the outer cylinder A,
which is bored truly parallel for that purpose. Inside the outer or fixed
cylinder A are placed guides or fillings d, to conduct and press the pistons
inwards, to allow them to pass a stop f; other guides or fillings e cause
them to come gently outwards, and prevent the springs pressing the pistons
out too suddenly against the inside of the outer cylinder. There is a stop
or abutment f, for preventing the steam passing in that direction, and thus
causing the steam to act upon the pistons C in the opposite direction, and the
cylinder B to revolve, the steam entering at passage 1, and escaping at
passage 2, so that as soon as one piston has passed the exit passage 2 the
other one is receiving the direct impulse or pressure of steam entering at 3
the passage 1. In order to prevent the escape of the steam at the ends of the
cylinder there are fixed to the ends of the inner cylinder circular plates M, M,
called end plates, see Figures 2 and 3, each of which are grooved at the
outer edge or periphery, to admit an expanding metallic circle 4, which fits and

page_text: works into a corresponding groove made in the inside of the outer or fixed
cylinder, see Figure 2; and to keep the said expanding metallic circle in the
groove in the end plates, two other circular plates, called end rings, N, are
bolted one to each end plate, which revolve together upon the same axis B'.
On the opposite or inside of the end plates are two grooves 8, 8, placed
diametrically, and forming a continuation of the grooves or recesses of the
inner cylinder B, see Figure 2, this inner cylinder being keyed to the main
shaft or axis B. Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section, and Figure 2 is a
vertical longitudinal section of the engine, the same letters representing
the same parts. Figure 3 shews an outside end view of the end plates, with
the expanding metallic rings 4, 4, placed in the groove, pressed outwards
by the springs 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, and against the inside of the groove
in the inside of the fixed cylinder A. 6, 6, 6, 6, are pieces to cross the joint
of the segment, to prevent the steam getting into the groove; the end ring N
is supposed to be taken off. The stop f, here represented, see Figures 1 and 2,
consists of an upper plate g, fitted or ground to the inside of the outer or fixed
cylinder, and an under plate h, ground to the surface of the inner or revolving
cylinder, having a wedge i, between them, and back and front angle pieces j, k,
which pieces are fixed to the inside of the fixed cylinder to keep all in their
places. The wedge is pressed inwards by springs fixed on the inside surface
of the fixed cylinder, or to the front angle piece acting upon the head of the
wedge, and is further pressed forwards by allowing the steam also to press
upon the large end of the wedge, which of course presses the upper plate
upwards and the under plate downwards, thus closing longitudinally the
space between the inside of the outer cylinder and the surface of the inner
cylinder. To close the ends of the stop, these pieces, that is, the upper and
lower plates and the wedge, are divided in two, as represented in Figure 4,
and pressed endwise by the springs L against the inside surface of the end
plates, as seen in Figure 2. Steam is also admitted in the space where the
springs are, further to assist them pressing endwise, and thus, by a longi-
tudinal and lateral junction, to prevent the steam escaping in that direction,
to act as a stop, and to form an abutment to cause the steam to exert its
force upon the surface of the piston, which is projected out, and drive
the cylinder round until the piston has passed the exit passage where the
steam escapes, and the opposite piston is receiving the impulse of the steam.
A is the outer or fixed cylinder, supported upon pillars; B is the inner
or revolving cylinder, working upon or with the shaft or axis B¹ in plummer
blocks B, supported upon the cornice on top of pillars, as seen in Figure 2.
C, C, are the pistons in their recesses; one full out, and receiving the impulse

page_text: of the steam; the other in, and passing the stop. d, d, are the guides to press
the pistons inwards; e, e, are the guides to let the pistons outwards gently,
to prevent them coming with a blow against the cylinder A; f is the stop;
g is the upper plate of the stop; h is the under plate of the stop; i is the
wedge of the stop; jis the back angle piece of the stop; k is the front angle
piece of the stop; 1, 1, are the springs pressing the pieces forming the stop
endwise against the inside surface of the end plates; 1 is the entry passage
of the steam into the cylinder; 2 is the exit passage; 3, 3, are the springs
below the pistons c, c, which may be either spiral or as drawn. M, M, are
the end plates containing the expanding rings, as seen in Figure 3, and having
grooves 8, 8, 8, 8, on the opposite side, forming a continuation of the recesses
of the cylinder B for the piston C, C, to work in and out of, and against the
side of which the stopf works; see Figure 2. N are the end rings to keep
the metallic segments forming the expanding circles in their places. 7, 7, 7, 7,
are guide bolts to keep the springs of the pistons 3, 3, in their proper places,
so as to prevent them getting in the way of each other, and are fixed in the
bottoms of the recesses.
it
Figures 5, 6, represent a piston adapted to work in the recesses of the
inner cylinder, shewing, when the steam acts upon the face of the piston C,
presses inwards the front piece d', the top part of which being made wedge-
form, and fitted to back piece e', then the steam and springs acting together
tends to make a closer contact of the piston to the inside of the outer
cylinder A when the cylinder B is being driven round by the action of
the steam upon the piston.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, shew different means of closing the
junction of the end plates or ends of cylinder B where it works against
the inside of the outer cylinder A, so as to render the junctions steam tight.
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a portion of the end of the inner and
outer cylinder A, B. The inner cylinder has its ends turned truly, A, the
outer one, having the ring O fixed on the inside. P is another ring formed,
as seen, to receive fibrous or vegetable packing, which is tightened against
the inside of the cylinder A by another ring P and bolts q. This ring is
pressed against the end of revolving cylinder B by the spiral springs r, r, r, r,
abutting against the ring O, and thus preventing the escape of steam. This
ring is prevented running round by the pins s, s, passing through them into
the cylinder A.
Figure 8 is an end view of Figure 7, supposing the ring O taken away, to
shew the rings P and p, with the bolts q, screwing up the vegetable packing
as above described.

page_text: Figure 9 shews an adaptation of the same plan as Figures 7, 8, to allow
the steam as well as the springs to press the ring P forward. The ring O
is fixed also to the inside of the outer cylinder A, and has a continuation to the
end of cylinder B, as seen in the Drawing, which forms a sort of box or
hollow space t, to receive the ring P, the packing of which is pressed outwards
against the inside of cylinder A, and inwards against the surface of the
ring O by the screw bolts q, q, q, q; the whole is pressed forward against the end
of cylinder B by admitting the steam by the passage u into the steam-tight
cavity thus formed between the rings O and the outer cylinder A. -
Figure 10 represents the same arrangement without the vegetable or other
equally suitable packing, the ring P being ground or correctly fitted into
the space between the inside of outer cylinder A and the outer surface of
ring O, and pressed forward by steam or the springs r, r, against the end
of the cylinder B so as to be steam-tight.
Figure 11 shews a method of closing the ends entirely by vegetable or other
suitable packing; a ring O is screwed to the flanges of the cylinder A, which
presses the packing upon the periphery of the end plate or upon the end of
cylinder B as drawn. Figures 12, 13, 14, shew a plan of closing the ends
by the use of contracting metallic circles.
Figure 12 is a portion of a longitudinal section. O is a ring fixed to the
end of cylinder by bolts 2, 2, completing a groove made to contain the
contracting metallic ring 4, 4, 4, 4, which in contracting presses upon the
periphery of the end plates, or upon the outer ends of surface of cylinder B,
making a steam-tight juncture.
Figure 13 shews the end view representing the ring O taken off to shew
two metallic rings, which may be supposed to be steel tempered so as to press
inwards, or Perkins's piston reversed, as explained in Figure 12.
Figure 14 shews, also, an adaption of Barton's metallic stuffing box. The
ring O is also supposed to be taken off, to shew the segments 4, 4, 4, 4;
and the wedges 6, 6, 6, 6, are pressed inwards by the springs 5, 5, 5, 5, and
thus the segments forming the metallic circle press upon the end plates as
explained Figure 12.
Figures 15, 16, 17, are other plans of stops or abutments, the purposes of
which are explained in Figures 1, 2, and 4.
Figure 15 is a longitudinal section of stops; the pressure endwise and down-
wards on the cylinder B is effected by steam alone. h, the under plate, is made
in two pieces joined in the middle similarly to Figure 4, and which is fitted cor-
rectly in a box (as seen in the section of stop f, Figure 18), or between back and
front angle pieces as described in Figure 1, either of which, i. e. the box or angle

page_text: pieces, must be fixed on inside of outer cylinder A. q is the top plate covering
the surface of under plate to assist in equalizing the pressure upon the surface
of the inner cylinder B, and prevent the escape of steam through the openings
on the sides of the tongue p, which openings will be caused at r, r, by the wear
of the ends of the under plates against the inside of the end plates as before
described. The steam is made to enter into the stop box by the passage u
through cylinder A. The ends of under plate are raised upwards so as to
work against the inside of end plates, to prevent the egress of the steam at
those parts. The under plate is thus pressed downwards upon the surface
of the interior cylinder, and endwise against the inside of the end plates for
the purpose as before mentioned.
Figure 16 is also a vertical section of a stop, and 16 a plan view of same slightly
differing from Figure 15, and may either be pressed forward by the entry of steam
through the cylinder A, or only by the springs r,r, downwards, and by springs 4,4,
endwise, as seen in Plan 16. The tongue p is more clearly seen here than in
the other plan of the stop. The use of it is to prevent the steam escaping
past the stop when the ends are worn, when they consequently leave a passage
at their junction in the middle, as before described. .q is the top plate; p is
the tongue; g is the under plate.
Figure 17 is a hinge stop; the one part of the hinge is upon the back-angle
picce; the other part upon the pressing or under plate g. The steam and the
spring act upon the back, as shewn, which, pressing the pressing plate down-
wards, makes a tight junction upon the surface of the inner cylinder. The
pressing plate has ends the same as Figure 16, and is pressed endwise
similarly against the inside of end plate.
Figures 18, 19, shew the means of reversing the motion of the engine to render
it applicable for steam boats and locomotive carriages. The engine is, as before
explained, the same letters denoting the same parts. S is the induction; T, the
eduction or escape pipe. The motion is shewn as reversed where the inlet has
become the outlet, u, u, pistons working in cylinders V, V, connected to eylin-
der A, and which are drawn downwards or upwards, so as to change their posi-
tion, and to become either above or below the passages 1, 2, which is effected by
the application of levers or other suitable means attached to piston rods moving
them. To prevent the steam escaping otherwise than at the eduction T, in the
place of stuffing boxes, the piston X, X, are also fixed on the piston rods W.
Figure 19. S is the induction passage; T, the eluction; V, cylinder. The
pistons are fixed upon a cylinder Y, which serves when the motion is
reversed to allow the steam to escape through its interior, which is effected by
the pistons being pushed past the passages 1, 2, when the steam passes round

page_text: the outside of the cylinder V, enters the cylinder A by passage 2, and escapes
by passage 1 through the interior of the cylinder V. The piston X serves the
same purpose as the pistons X, X, Figure 18.
Figure 20 is a vertical section of the engine, shewing the application of a fluid.
pressed by steam or other external pressure or force effecting an equal pressure
upon those parts intended to be steam-tight, such as the periphery and sides of
end plates and surfaces of stop and revolving cylinder B; also the same principle
adaptable to all parts of the engine intended to work in close contact, to prevent
the escape of an actuating forces, such as steam, water, or gas, at the same time
serving to lubricate those parts. P, P, are the metallic contracting circles con-
tained in recesses made in the flanges at the ends of the outer cylinder A; o, o,
are the end rings to keep the metallic circles in their places or recesses. It will be
seen that there is a space left round the metallic circles. f is the stop. g is
the under plate, at the ends of which will be perceived the wedges d, which
are kept in their places by the springs h, h, abutting against the ends of the
top plate q. is a vessel containing the medium fluid, say oil, which com-
municates from the vessel by the passages or pipes q, q, q, q, to the space
round the metallic circles, and above the stop. This fluid is then pressed by
allowing steam to enter the vessel by the aperture a, and acts upon the top of
piston 8, and presses equally to the stop and metallic circles, thus keeping
the working surfaces in close contact. A pipe is conveyed from the aperture a
to that part of the cylinder A, so that the steam acts upon the stop and circles,
through the medium of the intervening fluid, in the same ratio of pressure as
it actuates the face of the pistons, or as is the strength of steam in the cylin-
der, as it causes the engine to revolve; or the pipe from the aperture may be
conveyed to any other vessel, so as to produce external pressure upon the
piston 8; or the piston may be acted upon directly by weight or other means
to cause it to press the medium fluid for the purpose desired.
Figure 39 is a longitudinal and Figure 40 is a transverse section of another
plan for a stop or abutment on a larger scale, shewing portions of outer and inner
cylinder A, B. The ends of the inner cylinder B are frustrums of cones; the
mid.lle is cylindrical; or the inner cylinder B may be concave at its outer surface.
f is the metallic stop adapted to such surface of cylinder B, placed in a groove
in the inside of outer cylinder A, and kept in its place by two angle pieces
J, K. The stopf may be made in one entire piece, as represented, or in two
or more pieces pressed endwise by wedges to any of the methods before
described. The stop f is represented as pressed upon the surface of cylinder B
by springs a, a, or it may be pressed by the intervention of the fluid medium
or steam, as explained in the foregoing Figure. is the pressing plate; j is

page_text: the back angle; k, the front angle pieces; 4, 4, are the contracting rings
placed in groves in the inside at the ends of outer cylinder; 0, 0, are the
outer rings keeping the contracting rings 4, 4, in their places.
I will now proceed to describe our improvements on boilers. The following
Figures represent different constructions of tubular boilers. The objects aimed
at are to generate steam safely, quickly, and economically, which it is proposed
to effect by heating the water more particularly at the surface, by dividing the
water into small compartments, beating the steam part of boiler, and drawing the
heated air downwards, so as to absorb all the heat possible from the heated air,
and conduct it into the water, keeping the lowest part of the boiler the coolest.
Figure 21 is a transverse and Figure 22 is a longitudinal section of a
plan of a boiler, where A, A, A, are the tubes or vessels placed horizontally,
containing rather more than half their capacity of water. B, B, are pipes
which lead in the supply of water to the tubes or pipes A. C, C, are reci-
pients for the steam generated in the tubes or pipes A connected at C. D, D,
are float cases which regulate the supply, and keep the water to the level
desired in the pipes A, A, which may be effected by various means. Those
here shown consist of one hollow cylinder or float E within the case D. The
steam is let in above the float, and water below. An axis or spindle is attached
to one side of the float E, which, passing through stuffing boxes at the end of
cylinder D, is attached to the handle or lever of a cock F, which opens or shuts
a communication to water vessel G, where the water is forced into at T, and
kept under pressure by the pressure valve H, the overplus escaping at J.
Heated air from a fire may enter and pass through the tubes K, K, and directly
off up a chimney, or return through a lower tier; or heated metals or fluids
may be made to circulate through them, letting the hottest enter at top,
descend through the lower one, and thus keep up a constant circulation.
Figure 23, 24, represent a boiler formed by a series of tubes, which may
be cast all in one row, as shewn, Figure 23, or in portions of rows, or made
of wrought iron or copper, and put together separately, placed perpendicularly
in a vessel containing metal or fluid, which may be heated by heated air or
fire passing through the pipes L, L, as shewn. C, C, are the steam recipients.
M, M, are the upper, N, N, the lower horizontal pipes; the upper to receive
the steam generated in each upright pipe O, O, the lower to convey the water
to each upright pipe. P is the fire place.
Figures 25, 26, are also vertical sections, 26 longitudinal and 25 trans-
verse sections, of boilers heated by the medium of heated fluid or metal
or other medium surrounding tubes similar to Figures 23, 24, with this
difference, that in these tubes Q, Q, pass downwards through the centre of

page_text: each upright tube O, O, so that the heating medium passes down the centre of
each tube O, O, the heating medium being so arranged that the upper part
of the medium being heated rises, the cooler part taking its place creates a
current downwards, which is kept in action by the fire, and thus heating from
top to bottom the water contained in pipe O, O; or otherwise, it will be evident,
that heat, air, or flame may be passed through the tubes Q, Q, and produce
a like effect.
Figures 27, 28, shew a front and end view of part of a boiler made on the
same principal by means of flat tubes, without letting the steam pass through
the interior of each upright tube O, O. Upright flat tubes are either rivetted or
bolted to horizontal tubes M, M, and N,N, having corresponding passages at '
each junction to let the steam and water pass freely.
Thirdly, of our improvements in condensing or withdrawing the steam from
behind the piston, or from boilers or generaters, to produce quick evaporation.
Figure 29 shews a plan of condensation or withdrawing the steam by a
current of air. A is a pipe supposed to be connected to the eduction pipe of a
steam engine or other vessel; B, the air pipe. These may be placed horizontally,
perpendicularly, spirally, or zigzag, or a series of inclined planes. C is a fan
wheel in a case, which is open at one side only. That side is connected either
to the steam and air pipe, as shown. The fan wheel being set in motion draws
the air or air and steam through the pipes A and B, or air only; but I prefer
drawing both. This plan may be reversed; the steam may be drawn through
B and air through A, or these may be small tubes one within the other, or one
case containing tubes through which either the steam or air may be drawn.
This fan wheel would draw the steam through tubes conveyed round the out-
side of a ship or vessel, which tubes might be below water, and thus condense
the steam to be worked over again; and to assist the condensation of the
steam small openings may be made in the steam pipes where it may be most
convenient, to allow the entry of air, to combine with the steam, and assist its
condensation.
M, are the
Figures 30, 31, are end and front views of the arrangement of tubes for
a boiler. The tubes, both horizontal and vertical, are supposed to be cast in
one, or for convenience may be cast in this form in short lengths, and con-
nected together, or may be made as stated at Figures 23, 24.
horizontal steam pipes. N, N, the lower horizontal water pipes.
recipient. P, the connections from vertical pipes to recipient O.
conveying water to each series of upright tubes. R, the fire place.
O, the steam
Q, the pipe
Figures 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, shew an arrangement to adapt flattened tubes to
answer for steam carriage or boat boilers.

page_text: Figure 32 is an upright end view, Figure 33 is an upright side view,
and Figure 34 is a plan view considered adapted for locomotive carriage
boilers, consisting of a series of flat tubes 0, 0, placed upright beside
each other, and connected to each other at top and bottom, having
openings corresponding with each other, so that there may be horizontal
communication through each series or rows forming chambers at the
upper and lower extremities. The tubes are represented as placed beside
cach other, and forced into close contact at top and bottom by means of
bolts or set screws T, T, screwed into and passing through the ends of the
cases s, s. The ends of the tubes being placed in these cases, and by the bolts
T, T, being screwed against them, and copper or other washers placed between
the junction of each tube, forming a perfectly steam-tight joint; or a bolt may
pass through the whole length of the horizontal upper and lower chambers,
being screwed at each end by tightening the nuts at each end of the bolt, and
having copper or other washers, and the joint being properly fitted at each
junction, will also make them perfectly steam-tight. B are the pipes leading
the water into each upright tube 0, 0. C, C, are recipients receiving the steam
from each upright tube O. P is the fire place; the heated air circulates down-
wards amongst the tubes acting on their sides, and passes off at p, against
which place a current of air may be allowed to enter, and thus in some
measure tend to consume the smoke. u, u, arc pipes placed beside the boiler,
connected to water and steam recipients, so that any water that may over-
flow from the tubes O, O, may be caused again to enter the lower or water
part of the boiler.
Figures 35, 36, are modifications of the same plan intended for steam
boat boilers, with this difference, that the joints are made as represented,
Figures 27, 28. P, P, are the fire places; p the escape flue. The same
letters denote the same parts.
Figures 37, 38, are plans for boilers on the same principle, that of heating
downwards. A, A, A, A, are several separate vessels arranged beside each
other. a, a, is the water line; B is a steam recipient receiving the steam
from each separate vessel; C water communication conveying water to each
separate vessel; D is the fire; E the flues formed by fire bricks or other
suitable material being laid upon the ledges E, the heated air escaping up
the chimney G, as shewn by arrows.
I also intend, when the engines are to be applied to locomotive car-
riages or steam navigation, to make the shafts or axes B' of rotary
engine hollow, through which the coach wheel, axletrec, or propeller shaft
is intended to be made to pass and revolve. The shaft or axis B of engine

page_text: is borne and revolves on its own plummer blocks, and has cones, clutch
boxes, or toothed wheels fixed on it, which are made to fit and work into
cones, clutch boxes, or toothed wheels fixed on axletree of coach wheels or
shaft of propeller of steam to drive them, so that the shafts and the axis of
engine may revolve with or independent of each other at pleasure.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of con-
structing the same, we would have it understood that we lay no claim to the
various parts separately, which are shown and described, our Invention con-
sisting,―
First, in improvements in rotary.steam engines; and we confine our claim
in respect of this first part of our Invention to the various means described
for rendering the inner or working cylinder B steam-tight within the outer
cylinder A, as shewn in the Drawings, whereby the friction heretofore conse-
quent on the ends of the pistons working against covers to the outer cylinder
is avoided, for it will be evident that, by the covers being attached to the inner
or working cylinder, and packed as above described, the working cylinder may
not only be rendered steam-tight, but will only produce friction at the parts
where the packing is applied. We also claim the forming of the stops f, as
shown and described, and particularly having angular ends, as shewn at
Figures 39 and 40, or for forming the stop f of a segment of a circle or curve,
whereby, the same being forced forwards by the springs and steam, the
surface of the stop and the surface of the inner cylinder B (formed accord-
ing to the stop f) will wear accurately together, and effect a steam-tight junc-
tion. And we claim the methods of reversing the direction of the cylinder B,
shown in Figures 18, 19. And we also claim the forming of the main shaft
or axis B' hollow, when the engine is intended for locomotive carriages or for
propelling vessels, for the purpose of allowing the passage of the shaft or axes of
the carriage, or the shaft or axes of the paddle wheels, to pass through the same,
and connected, by means of clutch boxes or otherwise, in such manner that the
engine may be connected or run loose on the shaft or axes of the wheels in car-
riages, or the shaft or axis of the paddle. wheels at pleasure, as above described:
Secondly, we claim the particular arrangements of tubular boilers, shown
and described: and
Thirdly, we claim the apparatus above described for withdrawing and
condensing the steam from the back of the piston.
my hand
In witness whereof, I, the said James Don, have hereunto set
and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.
JAMES (L.S.) DON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid James Don came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.