in Brewing and similar Processes.
Year: 1885

page_text: Obtained in Brewing and similar Processes.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"MODES OF TREATING AND UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN
BREWING AND SIMILAR PROCESSES," to be as follows:-
This invention consists mainly of a process or processes for recovering or
obtaining in a simple manner the bitter matters and the resinous matters of hops
contained to a large extent in the "rocks" of the fermenting casks or tuns or
working squares as well as in the deposits or sediments in cooling vessels and store
casks and in the deposits or sediments of yeast and also in the used or boiled hops.
The invention also comprises a process or processes for producing these bitter
matters and resinous matters of hops in such forms as will allow of the direct use
of these products in brewing or similar processes.
For the purpose of recovering or obtaining the above mentioned matters, the
foam or froth of "rocks" or of boiled hops obtained by collecting it in a filter bag
or such like device, and also the deposits or sediments of yeast obtained in a
similar manner, and the deposits or sediments in the cooling vessels and in the
store casks collected in a filter bag, and the hops boiled or used in the process of
brewing, after having allowed all liquor to drain or drop off from them are dried
by the influence of the atmosphere or by artificial beat; the dry substance thus
obtained, after having been reduced in size by a grinding or reducing process
is subjected to extraction by alcohol of high standard. It is recommended to
accelerate or support this extraction by the employment of heat and to use for this
process of extraction any of the well known apparatus, which are employed for the
extraction of vegetable substances by alcohol at a raised degree of temperature
and with as little loss of alcohol as possible. The alcoholic extract of the said
substances thus obtained is allowed to cool and to settle and is filtered if necessary
and the alcohol is then distilled off in a distilling vessel or still which is strongly

page_text: tinned inside. Next a solution of carbonate of soda and water of a suitable degree
of concentration or strength is poured on the residuum in the distilling vessel and
the mixture is allowed to boil for a certain period. By this operation the greater
part of the residuum is dissolved, and appears as a brownish liquor, and another
part remains undissolved.
This latter part, after cooling of the liquor, is separated from the solution by
filtration and is immediately subjected to a second boiling for a certain period;
the decoction or product thus obtained, which is also of a brownish tint, is again
separated from its residuum by filtration and this residuum, if necessary or desirous,
may for a third time and even oftener be boiled with a solution of carbonate of
soda and then with pure water and finally separated by filtration or by decanting
from the boiled liquor, and is dried in a drying apparatus or kiln at a temperature
of 212° to 230° Fahrenheit or by the influence of the atmosphere. This final
residuum contains or forms the mixture of the hop resins.
Of the brownish solutions obtained in the repeated process of boiling the
residuum from the distilling process, the more concentrated ones of a darker shade
are used for obtaining the hop bitter substance, while the more diluted solutions
obtained by the later or consecutive boilings may be employed for the boiling of
fresh quantities. The said concentrated solutions, after having perfectly cooled
down, are filtered to retain the small quantity of hop resin contained therein and
the solution is then carefully neutralized by pure muriatic acid.
By this neutralizing process a precipitate of a slight yellowish brown tint is
obtained, which for its greater part consists of hop bitter. This precipitate is
filtered and washed with clean water. The precipitate may be subjected to different
processes for converting it into the proper form for use; it may be dissolved in
pure alcohol of high standard, in order to obtain an alcoholic solution of hop bitter;
or it may be boiled with a 3 per cent solution of pure phosphate of soda and
distilled water and thereby converted into an aqueous alkaline solution of the hop
bitter matter; or it may be converted into syrup of sugar or into solid sugar, by
. mixing a hot saturated alcoholic solution of the precipitate with hot syrup of grape
sugar or hot syrup of invert sugar or with hot extract of malt and by concentrating
the mixture until the alcoholic vapors escape. This mixture in the form of a syrup
or of solid sugar, if dissolved in water, will give a sugar solution in which the hop
bitter matter is divided in a fine emulsion.
The solution or emulsion of hop bitter matters obtained in one of the forms
above specified, may be used to partly replace the hops for the preparation of the
boiled wort and also to increase the power of the beer in foaming. The solution or
emulsion may for these purposes either be added to the boiling wort with the hops
or as a part of the hops and be boiled with the wort or may be added to the wort
after the boiling process of the latter, before the wort is transferred to the cooling
vessels. The proportion in which this hop bitter matter is added to the wort, will
depend upon the quantity of hops which it is to replace and upon the amount of
hop bitter in the solution or emulsion employed, which solution or emulsion may
for the different purposes be produced in different degrees of concentration and
'may generally be of such form that 10 grammes of the hop bitter solution
or 50 grammes of the hop bitter sugar in the solid form, will correspond to
1000 grammes of hops.
The employment of these preparations will effect a considerable saving in hops,
while preserving the same degree and quality of bitterness in the beer and does not
in any way injuriously affect the quality of the beer.
The mixture of hop resin obtained or resulting from the process above specified,
may be used (besides its use in boiling beer) for preparing a beer varnish for
varnishing the cooling vessels and also the casks for storing and transporting beer.
The mixture of hop resin for this purpose is dissolved in pure alcohol with an
addition of about 5 per cent of ether and a varnish may thus be obtained of the
consistency.or density required.

page_text: As a modification of the foregoing process or processes for treating the waste
products in order to recover the resinous and bitter matters of hops the following
process may be employed:
The said waste products are extracted with a 5 per cent solution of carbonate of
soda in water first without heating and then with the employment of heat and the
solution thus obtained, after being filtered, is precipitated with muriatic acid; then
the washed and dried precipitate is heated with alcohol or with chloroform or
benzol whereby the bitter matters are freed from any admixtures so that after such
purification the precipitate may be brought into one of the forms above specified.
That residuum or part obtained or remaining after the treatment of the waste
products with carbonate of soda, may after washing with water and drying be
boiled with alcohol and thus a solution of hop resin be directly obtained, which
after an appropriate concentration may either be employed in boiling the wort or
may be used for preparing a beer varnish.
Instead of carbonate of soda, I may also employ carbonate of potassa or carbonate
of ammonia or the bi-carbonates of these alkalies or diluted solutions of caustic
potassa or caustic soda. Again basic phosphates of soda as well as alkaline liquors'
in general are suitable for the purpose. I can also use these alkalies viz: carbonate
of soda, carbonate of potassa, carbonate of ammonia, the double acidous salts of
these alkalies or caustic alkalies, instead of the phosphate of soda for the prepara-
tion of the solution of the purified hop bitter matters.

page_text: Obtained in Brewing and similar Processes.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(a communication from abroad by Gustav Noback Engineer and Doctor Wilhelm
Gintl, both of Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire) and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention consists mainly of a process or processes for recovering or
obtaining in a simple manner the bitter matters and the resinous matters of hops
contained to a large extent in the "rocks" of the fermenting casks or tuns or
working squares, as well as in the deposits or sediments in cooling vessels and
storage casks and in the deposits or sediments of yeast; also in used or boiled
hops and in the residuum from the process of extracting hops. The invention
also comprises a process or processes for producing these bitter matters and resinous
matters of hops in such forms as will allow of their direct use in brewing or similar
processes.
"
For the purpose of recovering or obtaining the above mentioned matters, the
foam or froth of "rocks or of boiled hops obtained by collecting it in a filter bag
or such like device and also the deposits or sediments of yeast obtained in a similar
manner, and the deposits or sediments in the cooling vessels and in the storage
casks, collected in a filter bag and the hops boiled or used in the process of brewing,
or the residuum from the process of extracting hops after having allowed all liquor
to drain or drop off from them, are dried by the influence of the atmosphere or by
artificial heat; the dry substance thus obtained, after having been reduced in size
by a grinding or reducing process, is subjected to extraction by alcohol of high
standard. It is recommended to accelerate or support this extraction by the
employment of heat and to use for this process of extraction any of the well
known apparatus which are employed for the extraction of vegetable substances
by alcohol at a raised degree of temperature and with as little loss of alcohol as
possible. The alcoholic extract of the said substances thus obtained is allowed to
cool and to settle and is filtered if necessary and the alcohol is then distilled off in
a distilling vessel or still, which is strongly tinned inside. Next, a solution of
carbonate of soda and water of a suitable degree of concentration or strength is
poured on the residuum in the distilling vessel and the mixture is allowed to boil for
a certain period. By this operation the greater part of the residuum is dissolved
and appears as a brownish liquor, and another part remains undissolved.
This latter part, after cooling of the liquor, is separated from the solution by
filtration and is immediately subjected to a second boiling for a certain period; the
decoction or product thus obtained, which is also of a brownish tint, is again
separated from its residuum by filtration and this residuum if necessary or desirable
may for a third time and even oftener be boiled with a solution of carbonate of
soda and then with pure water and is finally separated by filtration or by decanting

page_text: from the boiled liquor and is dried in a drying apparatus or kiln at a temperature
of about 212° to 230° Fahrenheit, or by the influence of the atmosphere. This
final residuum contains or constitutes the mixture of hop resin.
From the brownish solutions obtained in the repeated process of boiling the
residuum from the distilling process, the more concentrated ones of a darker shade
are used for obtaining the hop bitter substance while the more dilute solutions
obtained by the later or consecutive boilings may be employed for the boiling of
fresh quantities. The said concentrated solutions after having become quite cool
are filtered in order to separate the small quantity of hop resin contained therein
and the solution is then carefully neutralized by pure muriatic acid, or by other
dilute mineral acid, such for example as sulphuric acid or by stronger organic acids,
such as tartaric acid or acetic acid for example.
may
By this neutralizing process a precipitate of a slight yellowish brown tint is
obtained, which chiefly consists of hop bitter. This precipitate is filtered and
washed with clean water. The precipitate may be subjected to different processes
for converting it into the proper form for use; it may be dissolved in pure alcohol
of high standard in order to obtain an alcoholic solution of hop bitter; or
be boiled with a three per cent solution of pure phosphate of soda and distilled
water and thereby be converted into an aqueous alkaline solution of the hop bitter
matter; or it may be converted into sugar syrup or into solid sugar, by mixing a
hot saturated alcoholic solution of the precipitate with hot grape sugar syrup or
hot invert sugar syrup or with hot extract of malt and by concentrating the
mixture until the alcoholic vapors escape. This mixture in the form of a sugar
syrup or of solid sugar, if dissolved in water will give a saccharine or sugar
solution in which the hop bitter matter is held or contained in the form of a fine
emulsion.
The solution or emulsion of hop bitter matters obtained in one of the forms
above specified, may be used to partly replace the hops for the preparation of boiled
wort and also to increase the power of the beer in "foaming." The solution or
emulsion may for these purposes either be added to the boiling wort with the hops
or as a part of the hops and be boiled with the wort or may be added to the wort
after the boiling process of the latter and before the wort is transferred to the
cooling vessels. The proportion in which this hop bitter matter is added to the
wort will depend upon the quantity of hops which it is to replace and upon
the amount of hop bitter in the solution or emulsion employed, which solution or
emulsion may for the different purposes be produced in different degrees of con-
centration and may generally be of such form that ten grammes of the hop bitter
solution or fifty grammes of the hop bitter sugar in solid form will correspond to a
thousand grammes of hops.
The employment of these preparations will effect a considerable saving in hops
while preserving the same degree and quality of bitterness in the beer and does not
in any way injuriously affect the quality of the beer.
The mixture of hop resin obtained or resulting from the process above specified
may be used (besides its use in boiling beer) for preparing a beer varnish for
varnishing the cooling vessels and also the casks for storing and transporting beer.
The mixture of hop resin for this purpose is dissolved in pure alcohol with an
addition of about five per cent of ether and a varnish may thus be obtained of the
consistency or density required.
As a modification of the foregoing process or processes for treating the waste
products in order to recover or obtain the resinous and bitter matters of hops, the
following process may be employed.
The said waste products are extracted with a 5 per cent solution of carbonate of
soda in water, first without heating and then with the employment of heat and the
solution thus obtained after being filtered is precipitated by muriatic acid or other
dilute mineral acid, such as sulphuric or by stronger organic acids such as tartaric
and acetic; then the washed and dried precipitate is treated with alcohol or with
chloroform or wood spirit, sulphuret of carbon, petroleum-ether, or the volatile

page_text: matters obtained in the rectification of petroleum, or with benzol or the volatile
oils of the nature of turpentines whereby the bitter matters are freed from any
admixtures, so that after such purification the precipitate may be brought into one
of the forms above specified. That residuum or part obtained or remaining after
the treatment of the waste products with carbonate of soda, may after washing
with water and drying be boiled with alcohol or with the solvents above named
such as wood spirit, petroleum-ether, turpentine-oil &c and thus a solution of hop
resin be directly obtained, which after an appropriate concentration may either be
employed in boiling wort or be used for preparing a beer varnish.
Instead of carbonate of soda I may also employ carbonate of potassa or carbonate
of ammonia, or the bicarbonates of these alkalies or dilute solutions of caustic
potassa or caustic soda. Again basic phosphates of soda as well as alkaline liquors
in general are suitable for the purpose. I can also use these alkalies viz:-
carbonate of soda, carbonate of potassa, carbonate of ammonia, the double acidous
salts of these alkalies or caustic alkalies instead of the phosphate of soda for the
preparation of the solution of the purified hop bitter matters."
According to another modification of the process or processes herein before
described for treating the said waste products in order to recover or obtain the
resinous and bitter matters of hops, the waste products are as before freed from
liquor and dried by exposure to the atmosphere or by artificial heat; they are then
treated with wood spirit, sulphuret of carbon, petroleum-ether or the volatile
matters obtained in the rectification of petroleum and such like mineral oils or
with benzole or volatile oils of the nature of turpentine, whereby the resinous and
bitter matters are extracted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated
to me, I declare that what I claim is
1. The several processes herein before described of treating the waste products
referred to whereby the bitter matters and resinous matters contained therein are
recovered or obtained, substantially as set forth.
2. The treatment, substantially as set forth, of the precipitate obtained as
herein before described and consisting chiefly of hop bitter, so as to prepare it in
a suitable form for use as a substitute for hops.
3. The treatment, substantially as set forth, of the product obtained as herein-
before described and containing or constituting the mixture of hop resin, so as to
manufacture a varnish.
1
3000