Improvements in Apparatus for Illuminating and Heating by Means of Petroleum.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by JOHANNES LEEMANN, of 43, Leonhardt Strasse,
Saint Gallen, Switzerland, Merchant.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Illuminating and Heating by Means
of Petroleum.
I, ERNEST DE PASS, of 78, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for illuminating and heating
by means of petroleum, and has reference more particularly to that class of
apparatus described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 13681, dated
30th August 1890.
The object of the present invention is to obtain better combustion, and a clearer
and more intense flame, than has heretofore been possible in apparatus of this kind,
and an important feature thereof consists in providing such apparatus with a burner
having sinuous or zig-zag passages in which the vaporization of the petroleum is
rendered more rapid and perfect, owing to an increased and highly heated path
along which the vapour is caused to travel, as hereinafter described.
The invention further relates to improved means for impregnating the petroleum,
contained in the reservoir, with air, prior to its passage to the burner.
And in order that the invention may be readily understood, I will proceed to
describe the same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the improved burner, a part of the casing being broken
away to show the internal arrangement.
Fig. 2 is a section on the line a, a, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a section on the line y, y, of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 4 is an underside view of the burner.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation showing one arrangement of the apparatus, and the
means employed for impregnating the petroleum in the reservoir with air, a portion
of the casing or such reservoir being broken away.
•
The burner shown comprises two inclined sets of tubes A, A¹, the tubes of each
set being screwed into upper and lower bars B, B', and communicating with
channels C, C', formed in the said bars. These channels are provided with stops
or plugs D between the ends of alternate tubes, as shown, whereby the vapour is
caused to circulate along the tubes A A', the course thereof through one set of
tubes being indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3. In the other set of tubes the flow
of the vapour is in the opposite direction. These tubes A, A', and channels C, C',
thus constitute the sinuous or zig-zag passages before referred to.
By this
arrangement, and owing to the long path presented by the two sets of tubes,
vaporization is greatly expedited.
The flame issues from a narrow opening E formed in the upper part of the burner
between the adjacent bars B, B. The burner is cased in by plates F held in position
by screws G, and by end plates H having air apertures I, the plates F having
perforations through which pass the heads D* of the plugs D.
For heating the burner at starting, a dish or tray M is provided, in which spirit
is placed, and it is located below the burner in the manner well understood, the heat
of the flame issuing from the opening E serving alone to maintain the burner at the
proper temperature, once the apparatus is at work.
The petroleum is led to the burner through the tubes K, K', and on arriving at

page_text: the highly heated sinuous or zig-zag passages, is rapidly converted into vapour
which is discharged through the upwardly directed nozzles L, L', into the interior
of the burner, and becomes ignited on leaving the same through the opening E. It
will be seen that the tube K and nozzle L, serving for one set of tubes, are situated
respectively on opposite sides of the burner to the tube K¹ and nozzle L¹ for the
other set of tubes. If desired, and when the burner is to be used for illuminating
purposes, the opening E may be covered with a strip of wire gauze, thereby
increasing the luminosity of the flame.
N is the petroleum reservoir which resembles, in its general arrangements, the
reservoir described in the said former Specification, being provided with a charging
funnel N', an air inlet valve N³, and a pump, O, constructed and operating in the
same manner as the pump described and shown in the Specification and drawings of
the previously cited Patent.
The means for ensuring effective impregnation of the petroleum in the said
reservoir with air, comprises the upwardly directed perforated discharge tubes P,
through which the air, forced in by the pump, passes into the petroleum in the
reservoir and bubbles up through the same. The communication between the
tubes P and the pump O is formed by a casing Q which encloses the lower outlet
valve of the pump, and to which the said discharge tubes are connected.
The petroleum is discharged from the reservoir through a pipe R which extends
nearly to the bottom thereof, and communicates at its upper end with pipes R*, Rx,
by which said petroleum is conveyed to the burner. The flow through the
pipes R, R*, may be controlled by a valve R' operated by a hand wheel R'. And
in order to prevent accidental choking of the apparatus, by any solid materials
that may happen to be present in the petroleum, rolls of wire gauze are inserted in
the pipes R, R*, and K, K', near the bends thereof, or elsewhere if desired.
In starting the apparatus petroleum is introduced into the reservoir N through
the funnel N¹; the air inlet N and valve R' are then closed, and sufficient
spirit is poured into the tray M and is ignited so as to heat the burner to the
proper degree, which may be known, for instance, by its causing a hissing
sound when touched with the moist. finger. While the burner is being thus
heated, which only takes a few minutes, the pump O is worked till the pressure
in the reservoir is about one atmosphere. The valve R¹ is then carefully opened
and petroleum is allowed to flow to the burner, on reaching which, as before
stated, it becomes rapidly vaporized, and in which state it is discharged from
the nozzles L, L', and ignited above the burner. The speed of the pump O, and
the extent of opening of the valve R' must be so adjusted as to give a steady flame
of the required size.
Instead of the petroleum being discharged through the pipe R, it may be
discharged through the outlet S, and may be led to any suitable number of
burners, through corresponding pipes, in like manner to that described and shown
in the Specification and drawings previously referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
a
1. In apparatus for illuminating and heating by means of petroleum, a burner
having sinuous or zig-zag passages presenting large and highly heated path,
whereby the rapid vaporization of the petroleum is effected, the flow of the
vapour through one set of passages taking place in an opposite direction to that
in the other set, substantially as set forth.
2. In apparatus of the kind referred to, a burner comprising two inclined sets
of tubes A, A1, wherein vaporization is effected, and connected to bars B, B',
having channels C, C₁, tubes K, K', by which petroleum enters the burner,
nozzles L, L', from which the vapour is discharged into the body of the burner,
and an opening E through which the vapour issues and is ignited, substantially
as described.

page_text: 3. In apparatus of the kind referred to, the combination with the pump O, of
the perforated discharge pipes P for impregnating with air the petroleum in the
reservoir prior to its passage to the burner, substantially as described and shown,
and for the purpose set forth.
4. Apparatus for illuminating and heating by means of petroleum, constructed,
arranged, and operating substantially as hereinbefore described and shown with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
1000