IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Palmer, of Bell House, Southweȧld, in the
County of Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CANDLES."
Sealed the 5th September 1862, and dated the 8th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1862.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of Bell House, Southweald, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
candles, and consists in combining tallow, cocoa-nut oil, or palm oil, or
products obtained from these substances with those fluid mineral oils which
filter or run, or are obtained by pressure from American or rock oil, or
Rangoon tar or earth, or similar natural mineral oils which retain their
fluidity at the ordinary temperatures of this country. It is preferred that
these fluid mineral oils should be in a purified state when used to carry out
my Invention.
In the combinations of the materials above mentioned, the fluid mineral oils
will by reason of their fluidity form a comparatively small proportion of the
whole composition, but such small proportion will materially improve the

page_text: quality of the light afforded by the candles, and yet not materially reduce the
hardness of the candle-making material with which it is combined. The fluid
mineral oils may be combined with tallow, with cocoa-nut oil, or with palm
oil, or with mixtures of these substances, or with products obtained from them,
whether than be wood with
ithout other candle making materiale
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Palmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PALMER, of Bell House, Southweald, in the County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Palmer, Her special licence that I, the said William
Palmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Palmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Palmer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
- NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Palmer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
candles, and consists in combining tallow, cocoa-nut oil, or palm oil; or
products obtained from these substances with those fluid mineral oils which
filter or run, or are obtained by pressure from American or rock oil, or

page_text: Rangoon tar, or earth, or similar natural mineral oils which retain their
fluidity at the ordinary temperatures of this country. It is preferred that
these fluid mineral oils should be in a purified state when used to carry out
my Invention.
In the combinations of the materials above mentioned, the fluid mineral oils
by will reason of their fluidity form a comparatively small proportion of the
whole composition, but such small proportion will materially improve the
quality of the light afforded by the candles, and yet not materially reduce
the hardness of the candle-making material with which it is combined. The
fluid mineral oils may be combined with tallow, with cocoa-nut oil, or with
palm oil, or with mixtures of these substances, or with products obtained from
them, whether they be used with or without other candle-making materials.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
In combining the fluid mineral oils above mentioned with tallow, palm oil,
or cocoa-nut oil, or with mixtures thereof, or with products obtained from
tallow, palm oil, or cocoa-nut oil, or with mixtures thereof, it is important that
the quantity of the fluid mineral oil used should not be such as materially to
reduce the melting points of the tallow, palm oil, or cocoa-nut oil, or of
mixtures thereof, or of their products. When using palm oil or cocoa-nut oil,
if uncombined with harder materials, I prefer that the more fluid parts of
those oils should be first separated by pressure.
When using tallow in com-
bination with a fluid mineral oil, such as above mentioned, I prefer to employ
pressed tallow, the melting temperature of which is between 115° to 120° of
Fahrenheit, in which case I combine at the rate of about 5 lbs. of one of the
above fluid mineral oils to 1 cwt. of the tallow, though more than 5 lbs. may
be used. I combine these matters by introducing the fluid mineral oil into
melted tallow, and I intimately mix them by stirring them well together,
when the compound will be in a condition to be used in the manufacture of
candles in the ordinary manner as when tallow alone is employed. If palm
oil or cocoa-nut oil, or both be combined with tallow, I prefer to have the
melting point as high as or higher than that above mentioned for tallow, in
which case I combine fluid mineral oils in like proportions to what has been
above described. If the melting point of the tallow, or compound thereof
with other candle-making substances be less than 115° of Fahrenheit, then I
prefer to employ a less proportion than 5 lbs. of the fluid mineral oil to each
112 lbs. of the tallow, or of the compound containing tallow. When using
palm oil or cocoa-nut oil, I use the fluid mineral oils in like proportions in
respect thereto as those mentioned in regard to tallow. Supposing the
c

page_text: temperatures of their melting points are as high as or higher than 115°
Fahrenheit, and I add less if the melting points are less. The fluid mineral
oils I prefer to use are those which have been purified by distillation.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Palmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
WILLIAM PALMER. (L.S.)