Improvements in Velocipedes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1899-Accepted, 5th Aug., 1899
Improvements in Velocipedes.
We, DANIEL JONES, of 27, Frederick Street, Cardiff, County of Glamorgan,
Engineer, and CHARLES RADCLIFFE, of 23, Dunfries Place, Cardiff, County of
Glamorgan, Master Shipwright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows, that is to say:-
-
The objects of this invention are to give equal central strains on the driving
wheel roller bearings; to obviate the greater strain upon the roller bearing of one
side of the treadle spindle and of the nave of driving wheel and the side strain,
caused by the chain wheel and chain pinion being near one end of the said trea.lle
spindle and nave respectively to convey motion from the treadle spindle to the
periphery of the driving wheel; and to afford protection to the pneumatic tyre of
the said driving wheel.
:
Upon the treadle spindle one or more arms or cranks, or a disc carrying a
crank pin or crank pins upon which a toothed carrier pinion can revolve, is or
are fixed.
A circular rack with internal teeth is fitted to the machine frame,
concentrically with the bearing boxes which carry the said treadle spindle. The
aforesaid carrier pinion or pinions gear with the said circular rack and are caused
to revolve as they are carried round the rack by the revolution of the treadle
spindle. Another arm, crank, or disc, carrying a similar carrier pinion or pinions
is formed in one with or fixed to a boss carried upon ball or roller bearings con-
centric with the said treadle spindle in such way that it can revolve freely around
the said spindle. The last named carrier pinion or pinions either gears with the
aforesaid circular rack, the teeth of which would be made wide enough to take
both pinions, or there may be two circular racks which may be of different
diameters. Upon the boss of the last named arm or disc is fixed a wheel also
concentric with the said treadle spindle and with which the first named carrier
pinion or carrier pinions gear. If the diameter of the pitch circle of this wheel
is one half the diameter of the pitch circle of the said circular rack the said wheel
will make three revolutions to one revolution of the said treadle spindle; because
the carrier pinion which transmits the motion completes a revolution about the
axis of the said spindle and so carries the wheel with it one revolution besides
subjecting the said wheel to two revolutions owing to the difference in diameter
between the said wheel and the first named circular rack.
The second carrier pinion being attached to the crank or disc upon the boss or
intermediate hollow shaft on which the said wheel is fixed, thus revolves three
times round the treadle spindle whilst the latter revolves once. This second
pinion is made to gear with a wheel on the boss of the wheel from the periphery
of which motion is conveyed as hereinafter described to the periphery of the
driving wheel of the machine. If the wheel with which this second pinion gears
is half the diameter of the circular rack the said pinion gears with, it will similarly
make three revolutions to one of the aforesaid boss or intermediate hollow shaft
or nine revolutions to one of the treadle spindle. Other ratios of diameter for
the racks and wheels would give different increases of speed.

page_text: The casting or castings to carry the circular rack or racks may be formed to enclose
the gearing. The circular rack may be fixed to a casting which forms at the same
time a protection for one side of the gear and a bearing box for one end of the
treadle spindle; the wheel from the periphery of which motion is conveyed to.
the driving wheel will in this case be formed so as to protect the other side of
the gear,
Preferably two circular racks are used, one on each side of the
wheel from the periphery of which motion is conveyed to the driving
wheel. The said two racks are fitted each into a circular casting of
shallow box shape, having a boss at its centre into which a bearing of the treadle
spindle is fitted. The edge of the rim of each such box is contiguous to a side
of the wheel from the periphery of which motion is conveyed to the driving-wheel.
The treadle crank spindle bearings or the castings carrying them may be
attached to the machine in any suitable way.
"
The wheel on the boss of which is the toothed wheel to which the second
named carrier pinion conveys motion may be a chain wheel, or it may be the
front wheel of the machine in which latter case the machine would be of the
kind known as a front-driver. For the safety" bicycle however, the sectional
outline of the outer surface of the rim of the wheel on the boss of which is the
wheel to which the second named carrier pinion conveys motion is made to
correspond with the sectional outline of the tyre on the driving wheel of the
machine; or a loose tyre of that section is fitted upon the said rim. Then instead
of a chain with chain wheel and pinion, a flexible cord or band of suitable section
is used. The driving wheel is made to travel upon this cord or band instead of
directly upon the road, and the said cord or band becomes a sort of endless flexible
rail.
For a racer" the wheel which revolves about the treadle spindle may have
its rim formed with two or more groves, a similar grove or groves being formed
on the tyre of the driving wheel, but the latter must liave one grove less in
number than are formed on the tyre of the wheel which revolves about the
treadle spindle. A guide pulley or guide pullies are fixed to the frame of the
machine in such position that the cord coming from one grove of the wheel
which revolves about the treadle spindle passes over a guide pulley to another
grove on the said wheel and thence to the driving wheel.
Instead of using a pneumatic tyre on the road wheel sometimes the band itself
is formed of a pneumatic tube serving both as a driving belt and as a cushioned
tread to the road wheel.
Dated this Ofth day of Santomhor 1900
THOS. WILKINS,
Agent for Applicant.
:
WC, DANIEL. JONES, of 27, Frederick Street, Cardiff, County of Glamorgan,
Engineer, and CHARLES RADCLIFFE, of 23, Dunfries Place, Cardiff, County of
Glamorgan, Master Shipwright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
In the following particulars reference is made to annexed drawings in which
Fig. 1 is partly end elevation and partly cross section of a velocipede treadle
gearing, with hollow intermediate spindle and a broad circular rack attached to
the frame and the latter having internal teeth with which a pinion carried by an

page_text: arm on the treadle spindle and a pinion carried by an arm on the intermediate
spindle both gear. Fig. 2, is a side view of the same. Fig. 3 is a cross section
of a velocipede treadle gearing in which there are two circular racks attached
to the frame and having internal teeth, with one of which racks a pinion carried
by an arm on the treadle spindle gears, while a pinion carried by an arm on a
hollow intermediate spindle gears with the other rack. Fig. 4, is a side view of
same. Figs. 5, 5, 5", show the application of the gearing shown in Figs 3 & 4,
to a racer bicycle driven by a cord passing twice round the wheel d. Fig. 6,
shows the application of gearing shown in Figs. 1 & 2, to a front driver with
small driving wheel. Fig. 7, shows the application of this gearing to a tricycle
driven by a chain, and Fig. 8, shows the application of this gearing to a bicycle,
an open strap or band passing over pulley and over the driving wheelf.
Upon treadle-spindle a, a disc, crank or arm a' is fixed having a crank pin a³
on which a toothed carrier pinion a³ can revolve. A circular rack awith internal
teeth is fitted to the machine frame b concentrically with the bearing :boxes b¹ 63
which carry the said treadle spindle.
Another disc, crank or arm c having a crank pin.c¹ on which a toothed carrier
pinion can revolve is formed.in one with or fixed to a hollow boss..carried
upon roller or ball bearings concentrically with the treadle spindle a so as
to revolve around it. Carrier pinion gears either with circular rack a Fig. 1
made wide enough to permit of this, or, it gears with a second rack c, Fig. 3.
Upon the boss is fixed a wheel also concentrically with the treadle spindle a
and in such position as to gear with the carrier pinion. If the diameter of
the pitch circle of wheel c is one half that of rack at the wheel c will make three
revolutions to one of the treadle spindle a because the pinion which transmits
the motion completes a revolution about the axis of spindle a and so carries the
wheel c with it one revolution besides subjecting it to two revolutions owing
to the difference of diameter between it and the rack a*. Hence the carrier
pinion being attached to disc c upon the boss c to which wheel.c is also
fixed revolves three times around spindle a whilst that spindle revolves once.
This pinion is made to gear with a wheel d fixed to the boss of a pulley d,
from the periphery of which motion is conveyed to the driving wheel f. If the
wheel is half the diameter of rack a Fig. 1 or c, Fig. 3 then similarly 'by
means of pinion is caused to make three revolutions to one of the boss or
nine revolutions to one of treadle spindle a. Other ratios of diameter for the
racks and wheels would give different increases of speed.
In that arrangement of this improved gearing shown in Figs. 1 & 2, the
circular rack a wide enough to take both sets of carrier pinions is secured to a
casing 63 fixed to frame by bolt 6 in the ring shaped head of which the boss
of casing b³ fits and is formed to receive bearing box 6 of treadle spindle a.
Bearing box 6 of the other end of the treadle spindle is. fitted directly into the
ring shaped head of bolt 6. By means of bolts 6 the whole of the gearing
together with the treadle spindle and treadles is readily detachable from machine
frame b. The boss of pulley d¹ has round it a cup shaped central portion d² in
place of arms, the outer edge of being in close contiguity to the outer edge of
casing b. Thus a box enclosing the gearing is formed by db³.
In that arrangement of this improved gearing shown in Figs. 3 & 4, there are
two circular racks at each of which is secured to a cup shaped casing 66 67
respectively which fit respectively into the rings. 68 69 fixed to the machine frame b.
The rings 6869 are each divided somewhat similarly to the way in which an
eccentric strap is divided, and thus the cup shaped casings 666 together with
pulley. gearing, treadle spindle and treadles are readily detached from the machine
frame. The outer edges of casing fit respectively in close contiguity to
opposite sides of the central disc-like portion of pulley d
The rim Fig. 1 of pulley d may be formed of india rubber, having the
section shown, or, it may have two or more grooves for a rope or ropes, or it..may
be formed to take a chain according to the machine in which it is used.

page_text: The rim Fig. 3 is shown with three grooves.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 8, this improved gearing is shown attached to parts of
the frame of a safety bicycle. In Fig. 6 it is shown attached to a machine
known as a
front driver-pulley being made of a diameter sufficient to be
itself the driving wheel. In Fig. 7, the gearing is shown attached to a tricycle
with small road wheels, driven by a chain; a chain wheel being substituted for
pulley d.
For the safety bicycle, however, we prefer to use a band as shown in Fig. 8, e
having a section conformable with the section of the rim of pulley d', and to make
the tyre of the driving wheel f of the machine of similar section to that of the
rim of pulley d. Hence the driving wheel travels upon this endless belt or
band e instead of directly upon the road.
"
For a safety racer
we use a cord, wire, or cat-gut band as shown in
Figs. 5, 5 and 5" and we form the tyre of driving wheelf with one or more
grooves and the rim or tyre of pulley d with one groove more than driving
wheelf has, and, the cord is made to go once or more times quite round pulley d₁,
a guide pulley g fixed to the frame of the machine being used in each turn of the
cord to guide the cord from one groove of the rim of pulley d¹ to a contiguous
groove thereof.
Sometimes instead of using a pneumatic tyre on driving wheel f, we make
the band e itself a pneumatic tube, to serve both as driving belt and as a cushioned
tread to the road wheel.
Sometimes we form or fix on one or both sides of driving wheel of a groove or
grooves of less diameter than the diameter of the rim of the said wheel in which
case no special tyre is used for that wheel, one or more driving bands or ropes
not used as a tread for wheel f are used to connect the wheel f and pulley d.
We are aware that the use of both single and double purchase concentric toothed
gearing with carrier pinions such as is used and described in this specification
is not novel, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
--
1. In a velocipede the combination of a treadle spindle, bearing supports for
same detachable from the frame of the machine, an arm on treadle spindle
carrying a pinion, a circular rack fixed to one of the bearing supports with which
rack the said pinion gears, a hollow spindle surrounding and revolving freely
about the treadle spindle and carrying a toothed wheel with which the pinion on
treadle spindle arm gears, an arm on the hollow spindle said arm carrying a
pinion which also gears with a circular rack fixed to one of the bearing supports,
a toothed wheel the boss of which surrounds and revolves freely about the hollow
spindle and gears with the pinion upon the arm on the hollow spindle, and, of a
wheel (either itself the driving wheel of a velocipede, or from the periphery of
which a driving belt, rope or chain receives and conveys motion to the driving
wheel of a velocipede), said wheel being fixed to the boss of the toothed wheel
which revolves freely about the hollow spindle all substantially as and for the
purposes herein described.
2. In a velocipede, the combination of the combination of parts claimed in
Claim One hereof with a band, rope or chain for the purpose of conveying motion
from the treadle spindle to the driving wheel or wheels, substantially as herein
set forth.
3. In a velocipede the combination of a pneumatic band with a pulley caused
to revolve by means of any known mechanism for giving a sufficient circum-
ferential speed to the said pulley, and with a driving wheel; the said band con-
necting the said pulley with the said driving wheel and forming an endless
tread for the said driving wheel; all substantially as herein set forth.
4. In a velocipede the combination of a driving wheel, having one or more

page_text: grooves to receive one or more bands or ropes not used as an endless tread for
the said driving wheel, with a pulley or pullies also formed to receive bands or
ropes and to which sufficient circumferential speed is given by any known
mechanism, and with suitable band or bands or rope or ropes for conveying motion
from the said pulley or pullies to the said driving wheel, substantially as described
herein.
5. In a velocipede the combination of a driving wheel, a pulley worked at a
high speed by treadle gear, a band or rope connecting the pulley and driving
wheel with a guide roller or rollers for the purpose of passing the said band or
rope more times round the said pulley than round the said wheel, substantially
as herein described.
6. A velocipede driven by high speed rope or belt gearing substantially as
herein set forth.
Dated this 21st day of Tue 1800