Improvements in Process and Apparatus for Generating and Burning Gas from Hydro-carbon Oils.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date o
Application, 2nd Aug., 1898-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Process and Apparatus for Generating and Burning
Gas from Hydro-carbon Oils.
A communication from JASPER HENRY Moss, of Topeka, Kansas, United States
of America, Lawyer.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-
The primary object of my invention is to provide efficient means for vaporiz-
ing kerosene and other hydro-carbon oils and for burning the same so as to produce
an incandescent light; further objects are to provide simple and efficient means
for regulating the flame and increasing the efficiency of lamps of this character.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved means in the burner
for governing the draught, or the feeding of air to the flame, whereby an
intensified effect in combustion is produced, and at the same time provision is
made for carrying off all products of combustion, so that no deposit of the same
can take place in or around the burner, or upon the inner walls of a chimney
associated therewith.
Another object of the invention is to provide for so sustaining the chimney
laterally as to prevent its being shifted, either when in place on the burner
or when being put on or taken off, this branch of the invention having in
view the protection of a mantle such as employed in incandescent lights of the
Welsbach type, while at the same time providing for a distribution of heat
around the chimney by the contact of connected metal parts therewith at
various points, whereby danger of breakage due to unequal cooling is in great
measure decreased.
The invention also has in view certain details of construction contributing
to a strength and durability of the completed structure, and ensuring entire
practicability of the same. Besides producing a superior light, the invention
as to some of its features may be embodied in a heating apparatus to great ad-
vantage.
The invention will first be described with reference to the accompanying draw-
ings, which form a part of this specification, and then pointed out in the claims
at the end of the description.
In the drawings,
Figure represents a vertical sectional elevation of an apparatus embodying
my invention as applied to an ordinary student-lamp.
Figure 2 is a similar vertical sectional elevation of an apparatus embodying
my invention as applied to an ordinary lamp having a metal or glass bowl or
reservoir for the oil.
Bi 2 ia a transuance saation on the linn TIL TTT e A

page_text: Figure 4 is a detail sectional view through the upper part of the post of
the lamp and the lower part of the vapor generating chamber; the section being
taken on the line IV-IV of Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a top or plan view of one of the flanged metal wheels or fan-wheels
for mixing and producing a whirling motion of the vapor and air;
Figure 6 is a plan of the gas spreader and mixer shown in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 7 is a detail top or plan view of the air spreader and guide fitted in
the air tube of the lamp; and
Figure 8 is a top plan view of the upper part of the lamp.
Referring to the drawings, in which similar letters of reference are used to
denote similar parts in different views, A denotes the outside casing of the post
of a receptacle used for holding oil; B, the inside casing; C, the annular wick
chamber, through which the oil passes to the point of ignition; D, the inside
air conduit, by which the air passes through the post; E, a rod passing through
such conduit and carrying a generating chamber, an air-spreader and com-
mingling means in the mixing and purifying chamber and guided by a spider K;
F designates the gas generating chamber in the form of a perforated cylindrical
shell, surrounding the upper end of the post of the lamp and normally ex-
tending above and below the top of the same; on the top of this generating
chamber and attached to it in any convenient manner as by a flange is an air-
spreader G, shown more clearly in Figure 3, the said generator and such
spreader being both affixed to the rod E, and said spreader having a central
portion g projecting over the top of the generating chamber as a flange. The
letter H designates a metal gas spreader, (or it may be asbestos, mica or any
other material that will withstand the heat), resting immediately above the air
spreader G, the distance between these two spreaders regulating to a large
extent the volume of gas generated. If this opening is made too large, the
flame at the wick burns with an angry yellow blaze producing much soot and
is liable to ignite the gas escaping into the mixing and purifying chamber. If
made too small, the flame at the wick is extinguished.
A flanged disc I of metal or other suitable material (which is shown detached
in Figure 5) is held on the rod E at a suitable distance above the spreader H,
and is formed with three or more wings, beaters or flanges i, i, by slitting the
circular disc or plate as shown, and bending or twisting the parts so as to
form the desired number of wings, by means of which the gas and air passing
at this point, when such wings or flanges are properly adjusted, is pulled
through such flanges with a strong whirling motion, effecting a thorough ad-
mixture of the gas and air and creating a strong suction of both air and gas
on the outside edges of the spreaders G and H, and causing the flame inside
the gas generating chamber F to burn firmly and steadily. This whirler or
fan-disc is held on the rod E by a nut e which clamps it against the top of a
cup shaped collar e¹, the amount of opening between the wings or flanges of
such disc being thereby regulated.
A spreader J is located at the top of the post A, and is secured firmly to the
rod E by means of a screw-thread or in some other convenient manner, said
spreader resting upon a skeleton cap L on the post. This spreader J is prefer-
ably of the conical form shown, so as to deflect the air toward or against the
inner walls of the vapor generating chamber F to ensure the vapor being held
back somewhat by the flange gl at the top of said chamber.
The two upper spreaders G and H, and the flanged disc I, are held in place
by collars or sleeves f, g, h, surrounding the rod E, the lowermost sleeve f
having a bearing on the top of the spreader J, and therefore, when the nut e,
on the top of the flanged disc I is set in place, the spreaders G, H and J and the
gas generating chamber F are firmly fastened together, and the whole may be
readily raised or lowered on the post of the lamp by means of the rod E, when
said rod is extended through the bottom of the post, as indicated in dotted lines
in Figure 1, permitting the ready lighting of the wick at the top of the post A

page_text: after a false bottom R has been raised by the means hereinafter described. How-
ever, in case the spreaders and generating chamber are not first raised by manipu-
lating the rod E, they may be raised when the false bottom is raised, by contact of
the inner portion thereof with the lower end of the generating chamber.
The mixing and purifying chamber herein before referred to, is designated by
the letter N, and is composed of a cylindrical shell into whose lower end the
false bottom R enters, and which is supported on posts s fastened to a solid
bottom plate S, secured to the lamp post A. Toggle levers T, connected with
the plate S and the false bottom, afford means for raising and lowering the
latter, push rods T being coupled to said toggles and protruding for con-
venient manipulation. This toggle arrangement can be dispensed with and the
false bottom supported in any suitable manner as for instance by a spiral
spring Z such as shown in Figure 2, said false bottom in this case extending
beyond the sides of the chamber for convenient manipulation, and being de-
pressed to give access for lighting. The false bottom loosely embraces the
posts s which confine and guide it, while permitting it to tilt on any side. In
this form of lamp, the rod E carries near its lower end a flanged guiding disc ¹,
having a number of slots in its flange; and there is an opening 2, in the
post through which a rod 3 projects, the inner end of said rod entering one of
the slots in the said flange. This rod extends loosely through an opening in
the perforated shell which surrounds the post, in which opening said rod finds
a fulcrum so that it may rock and constitute a lever for raising the mixing
chamber to give access for lighting. The rod also slides in the said opening
and a spiral spring 23, surrounds a portion of it, pressing at one end against
the surrounding shell and at the other end against a shoulder on the rod,
whereby said spring holds the latter in its innermost position engaging the
flanged disc of the lifting rod E, while at the same time permitting the engage-
ment of the rod by sliding it outwardly which is important in assembling
the parts of the lamp or dismembering the same.
Openings Win the sides of the chamber N may be filled by glass or mica
to afford a view of the generating chamber in lighting the lamp. This cham-
ber N may, however, be formed of glass or mica sides and a metal top piece
appropriately screwed together.
The top of the mixing chamber is closed by a dome-shaped cap P having
a central opening with a cylindrical flange P¹ thereabout through which the gas
passes to the burner presently to be described. In the dome-shaped cap P,
and resting upon the upper edge of the mixing chamber is a whirler plate or
disc Q, of substantially the same construction as the disc I, and designed to
supplement the latter and augment the whirling of the gas.
The letter a, designates the base ring of the burner which is provided with a
series of perforations a', for the admission of air, said ring resting with its
lower edge upon a perforated plate al surrounding the flange P₁ and bearing
upon the cap P. A plate a², is applied over the top edge of the said ring and
securely fastened thereto, or formed integral therewith, said plate being centrally
apertured and flanged as at a to fit the flange P¹, and a perforated cap or
screen a being applied for the issuance of the vapor or gas which is ignited
at and burns around and over the perforations.
The base plate a³ is formed with a circular series of curved slots or open-
ings a, and correspondingly curved deflectors aº, springing from the sides of
the openings, and preferably formed by striking up portions of the material
of the plate in the manner illustrated in the drawings. It will be seen that
the area of the openings can be varied by bending the deflectors toward or
away from the plane of the plate. The object of these openings and deflectors
is to produce a whirling motion of the induced current or draught, as it is
found that such a whirling motion is productive of very great advantages in
a burner, both by reason of its causing a more general commingling of the air

page_text: with the gas or vapor, and hence a more complete combustion, and by reason
of its preventing any deposit of the products of combustion.
In order to intensify the draught immediately around the cap at, I provide an
imperforate ring, b, which surrounds the upper portion of the flange a³, being
elevated somewhat above the base plate, a, and supported from the same by
a suitable number of legs b₁ appropriately fastened in the plate. It will be
noted that the lower edge of the ring, b, comes directly over the middle line
of the deflectors, a, and openings as, with the object of causing said ring to
divide the inflowing current of air so that while the draught is intensified within
the ring, the air is also caused to, whirl on the exterior of said ring between the
same and the chimney, X, which rests upon the baseplate, a², suitably spaced
from the ring and burner to prevent its being impaired by the heat.
No chimney of the diameter of the said ring could withstand the intense
heat resulting from the contraction of the area around the flame.
The chimney-holder comprises a number of metallic standards, d, (three being
here shown) rising from the base plate a², and each securely fastened to the
ring, a, and having a depending and outstanding hooked portion d for. sup-
porting a globe. Each standard has fastened with it at its lower end a curved
spring-arm, d, adapted to bear against the chimney with a yielding pressure;
and at its upper end, the standard is curved inwardly forming an arm, d³, also
adapted to press against the chimney. A metal ring or band is adapted to
embrace all three of the standards acting to draw the standards together against
the chimney, and said ring rests upon shoulders, d, formed on the standards,
which preferably pass through openings in a flange of the ring.
It will be seen that by the above described means the chimney is supported
on all sides so that it cannot be shifted laterally and endanger an incandescent
mantle which may be suspended within it. Moreover, the points of contact
between the chimney and the standards being distributed around the chimney,
and the standards being connected by the metallic ring, provision is made for a
distribution of heat with the effect of lessening the danger of the chimney
breaking from unequal contraction or expansion at different parts.
A shade or reflector, U may be conveniently supported on rests, , detachably
engaged with and sustained by the band, which is provided with slots in its
flange to accommodate said rests.
The operation is as follows, with reference more particularly to Figure 1.
When the toggle-links T, which are pivotally connected with the bottom
plate S and movable bottom R, and also with the push rods T, are straightened,
this lifts said bottom on the post A until it strikes the bottom of the gas
generating chamber F, when all rise together until the top of the post A is
exposed. The wick is then lighted through the openings between the posts
of the bottom S and the chamber N. The rods are then shoved in and thereby
the bottom R, and the generating chamber F with attached appliances aro
settled in place. Unconsumed gas or vapor is immediately formed that passes
through the opening of such generating chamber into the mixing and purifying
chamber N. It is there caught by the flanged disc I and a whirling motion
induced in the gas and air throughout the chamber N. The mixed gas and air
is now caught up by the second flanged disc Q and its motion intensified. As the
mixed gas and air passes up the chimney, it is lighted at the top thereof, when the
flame immediately strikes on the screen of the cap a, and the whirling of the mixed
gas and air in the chamber N is still further intensified; This creates a partial
vacuum in said chamber N and a strong suction at the bottom thereof and on the
edges of the spreaders, producing inside such chamber N a miniature whirlwind or
cyclone, inducing an intense steady though low or small flame inside said gas
generating chamber F and a perfect combustion of mixed gas and air at said
cap, whereby a dazzling brilliancy is secured by the use of an incandescent
mantle. The intensity and power of such flame at this point is increased or
diminished by the size of the post A, the diameter and height of the chamber N,

page_text: the number of flanged discs and spreaders, the distance between the same, the
number of openings in such flanged discs and the amount of opening therein.
When the mixing chamber is made larger without correspondingly increasing
the size of the outlet therefrom or of the wick-tube, as these parts appear in
Figure 1, then but one whirler-disc need by employed.
The strength of the flame at the cap is increased by the heat of the metal
ring b surrounding the burner on the outside of the incandescent mantle, and
by the whirling motion of the air induced by the deflectors aº.
When, however, the invention is embodied in a heating apparatus and the
mixing chamber is considerably elongated, the number of whirler-discs is in-
creased. In this case the mixing chamber is made sufficiently long to act both
as a chimney for the gas generating chamber F and as a mixing chamber, and
the opening to which the cap is applied is made large enough to produce a
steady combustion at both points.
In the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings air is admitted
to the inside of the generating chamber F, by means of the central air conduit D
in the post of the lamp or receptacle used for holding the oil, but other forms
of construction may be employed such as will readily suggest themselves to
those skilled in the art, and wicks of various kinds may be used, without de-
parting from the spirit of my invention. Air used in mixing and purifying
the gas may be admitted on the outside of the post of the lamp or receptacle,
both for the generating and the mixing and purifying chambers.
The perforated gas generating chamber is preferable, but a chamber having
solid sides and a flanged perforated bottom portion, may be used and gas readily
generated, but not with as small a degree of heat as with a perforated chamber:
with such perforated chamber the post is maintained at a cooler temperature.
In the process of generating gas by the construction illustrated, the gas is
produced by forcing the wick after it is ignited, up into the generating cham-
ber F, until the flame is made to burn with a deep violet or blue color on the
inside of the wick only, and is entirely extinguished for lack of air on the outside
of the wick. The flame then consumes all soot and produces a large quantity
of gas or vapor that is unconsuined for lack of air, which vapor passes unignited
through the opening in the top of the generating chamber into the mixing and
purifying chamber and from thence through the opening in the top of said
last mentioned chamber to the burner where it is utilized.
In the mechanism illustrated the lower portion of the gas generating cham-
ber F is perforated to allow a small quantity of air to be admitted on the outside
of the post of the lamp, enough only to perinit a flame to burn on the outside of
the wick with a blue color when the wick is only partially raised for generating
vapor. This is done for the purpose of burning up any products that may
have accumulated on the side of the generating chamber before the wick has
been turned high enough to burn with a blue flame on the inside thereof.
The perforated movable bottom for admitting air to the mixing and purifying
chamber is used as most convenient for the class and size of lamp illustrated,
but when said chamber is made smaller in diameter, or shorter, air may be
admitted with better results by means of a flanged disc or slitted plate having
a series of wings similar to the disc shown in Figure 5 surrounding the post
of the lamp at such point, or air may be admitted to such chamber by an air
shutter at such point.
The post A may be connected with the oil reservoir and the wick raised or
lowered by any convenient method as is manifest.
The amount of air supplied to the air conduit D may be regulated by any
suitable device at the bottom of such conduit or in the side thereof, arranged ac-
cording to the construction of the oil reservoir, as is manifest.
In the form shown in the drawings the size or capacity of the mixing chamber
is considerably greater than the generating chamber, but the distance between
the primary burner and the main burner, as compared with vapor generators

page_text: and burners such as have heretofore been proposed is short, as the means located
therein in the path of the vapor for mixing the vapor and air during its passage
to the main burner, renders a mixing chamber of any considerable length un-
necessary and undesirable. In the form shown the length and capacity of the
mixing chamber is adapted to properly mix the vapor and air under the con-
ditions of the generation of the gas or vapor from an ordinary wick, as now
used in a central draft lamp, by a small flame confined to the inner circumference
of the wick and of great intensity and purity; but when the wick is made
thinner than usual, as contemplated in practising my invention, the flame in
the generating chamber is further decreased in size and of increased intensity
and purity and the mixing chamber is decreased in height and capacity, whereby
a much more purified gas issues into the mixing chamber.
Distinguishing features of my invention are, a distinct or independent
generating chamber enclosing a primary burner in cooperative relation to or
combined with a distinct or independent mixing chamber into which the gas
or vapor issues from the generating chamber, and a main burner located at a
distance from the primary burner and in communication (with said mixing
chamber provision being made for introducing air at the point of ignition in
the generating chamber, so as to maintain a low or partial combustion of the oil
and generate a vapor by a small flame of great intensity and also provision for
introducing additional air above and around the point of ignition, to lighten
and purify the vapor before its issuance into the mixing chamber proper; the
main body of the gas or vapor generated being thus caused to issue from the
generating chamber into the mixing chamber sufficiently cooled to prevent
the too sudden cooling and consequent condensation thereof and settling upon
the sides of the mixing chamber, and in suitable condition to be further mixed
with atmospheric air, readily, rapidly and perfectly, and without requiring a
mixing chamber of large capacity or of great length or size.
66
It has heretofore been proposed to provide a heating or lighting apparatus
with means for generating a vapor by using a wick or stifling generator"
adapted to partially smother or stifle the flame at the wick. But such devices
are objectionable and unsatisfactory in use, for the reason that no provision is
made in such smothering or stifling devices, or can be made, for properly
admitting air and regulating the generation of the gas and its issuance into
the mixing chamber in condition to be mixed or purified with air without
condensation, the oil being only partially vaporized and allowed to pass to the
so-called mixing chamber in such condition as to at once condense upon the
sides of such chamber, to a marked extent, requiring a large and impracticable
mixing chamber, of great capacity, or a great length of chimney above the
point of final combustion to adapt such devices to be used at all; the condensa-
tion of the imperfectly vaporized oil being also facilitated by a superabundance
of air and the too sudden cooling of the vapor as it issues in a highly heated
state directly from the stifling generator into the mixing chamber, and as a
result much of the gas generated is not consumed by the main burner, which
gives rise to unpleasant odors. Furthermore, a greater quantity of oil is con-
sumed by such devices than is necessary to produce the amount of vapor required
for commingling with the air for supporting combustion at the main burner,
resulting in a waste of fuel as well as the production of unpleasant odors.
In such prior devices there is usually too much heat or too large a flame at
the wick or point of generation of the gases, consuming too much oil and im-
perfectly vaporizing the oil that is not consumed, or sucking up more oil than
the flame under the conditions of use, is capable of perfectly vaporizing or that
can be used at the point of final combustion, resulting in the deleterious effects
stated whereas, in my improvement, without stifling means, I provide for a
small flame with intense heat so as to consume but a small quantity of oil,
induce a good draft and completely vaporize the unconsumed oil, causing the
vapor to issue into the mixing chamber in such condition that the commingling

page_text: thereof with atmospheric air to the desired extent for combustion is effected
without liability to ignition or condensation in the mixing chamber, and leaving
the wick tube and oil reservoir cool, as in the ordinary coal oil lamp.
In my improvement the generating chamber may communicate either directly
or indirectly with the mixing chamber, which latter is preferably provided
with devices for mechanically mixing the vapor and air and producing a
whirling or rotary motion thereof, so as to facilitate the feeding of the burner
and the drawing off of the vapor from the generating chamber. The devices
for producing the whirling motion of the mixed gas and air may be varied in
shape and size to correspond with the size of the wick, and the generating and
mixing chambers. While some good results might be obtained by using plain
discs, yet for the best results devices that will produce a whirling motion are
preferred.
By employing a mixing chamber of greater length or increased capacity,
the means for mechanically mixing the vapor and air might be dispensed with,
if desired, or other means for mixing the vapor and air might be substituted for
the devices shown; hence I do not wish to confine my invention to 'the specific
form or construction of devices shown for accomplishing the results stated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:--
1. The improved process of generating gas from liquid hydro-carbon and
burning the same, which consists in maintaining a low or imperfect combus-
tion at the end of a wick which supplies the liquid, thus evolving vapor,
copiously commingling air with such vapor at a location distinct from that where
the latter is evolved, imparting a whirling motion to the resultant gas, and con-
ducting the same to a suitable burner, substantially as described.
2. An apparatus for burning hydro-carbon oils, comprising a distinct
generating chamber, a distinct mixing chamber, a burner in the generating
chamber for partially consuming the oil and generating a vapor, and a burner
communicating with the mixing chamber for finally burning the mixed vapor
and air.
3. An apparatus for burning hydro-carbon oils, comprising a distinct genera-
ting chamber, and a distinct mixing chamber, a burnor in the generating
chamber for partially consuming the oil and generating a vapor, means located
in the mixing chamber in the path of the vapor for mixing the vapor and air,
and a burner communicating with the mixing chamber for finally burning
the mixed vapor and air.
4. An apparatus for generating vapor from hydro-carbon oils, comprising a
wick tube, a vapor generating chamber enclosing said tube at the burner, means
for admitting air to said chamber so as to sustain a low or partial combustion
only of the oil and generate vapor, a mixing or commingling chamber distinct
from said generating chamber arranged to receive the main body of vapor
therefrom, means located within the commingling chamber in the path of the
vapor for automatically effecting a thorough commingling of the vapor and
air during the passage thereof through said commingling chamber, à vapor
burner communicating with said mixing chamber, and means for preventing
ignition of the vapor in the commingling chamber, whereby a principal flame
is maintained remote from the vapor generating flame for consuming said main
body of vapor, substantially as described.
5. In a heating or lighting apparatus, a primary burner for generating gas
from a hydro-carbon, a distinct generating chamber enclosing said burner, means
for introducing air to maintain a low or partial combustion of the oil at the point
of ignition and generate a vapor, and means for introducing additional air in
such generating chamber to lighten and purify such vapor before its issuance
into the mixing chamber proper, in combination with a mixing chamber for

page_text: receiving the vapor issuing from said generating chamber, and a main burner
located at a distance from said primary burner and communicating with the
mixing chamber for burning the mixed vapor and air.
6. A gas or vapor generator and burner comprising a wick tube, a preliminary
combustion and gas generating chamber enclosing said wick tube at the burner
end thereof, means for admitting air to said generating chamber so as to sustain
a low or partial combustion only of the gas generated therein by the flame
at the wick, a mixing or commingling chamber arranged to receive the main
body of gas generated in said preliminary chamber, devices arranged within said
commingling chamber constructed to set up a rotary or whirling motion of
the gases in passing through the commingling chamber, a burner for consuming
the gases passing from the latter chamber, and means for preventing ignition
of the gases within the commingling chamber; whereby the gases generated
quickly pass from the generating chamber and rush through the commingling
chamber with a rotary or whirling motion to supply the main flame of the
burner and maintain a brilliant light or intense heat at that point, substantially
as described.
7. An apparatus for generating gas from hydro-carbon oils and burning the
same so as to produce a brilliant light or intense heat therefrom, comprising
a wick tube, a gas generating chamber, means for admitting air to said chamber
so as to sustain a low or partial combustion only of the gas generated therein
by the flame at the wick, a mixing or commingling chamber arranged to receive
the unconsumed gases and waste products of combustion issuing from said
preliminary combustion and gas generating chamber, and means for main-
taining a principal flame for consuming the gases passing from the commingling
chamber, together with means interposed between the preliminary and main
burners constructed to effect a rotary or whirling motion of the gases in their
passage through the commingling chamber; whereby the unconsumed gases
are drawn off from the generating chamber and rushed through the
mingling chamber with a rotary or whirling motion, and thoroughly commingled
and pass into the principal flame where the main body of the gas is consumed,
substantially as described.
com-
8. An apparatus for generating vapor from hydro-carbon oils and commingling
the samo for consumption by a burner adapted to produce a brilliant light,
comprising a vapor generating chamber, a wick tube having its burner end
enclosed in said chamber, means for feeding air to said chamber, a distinct
mixing chamber, a principal burner located over said mixing chamber, and
devices arranged in the path of the vapor between said generating chamber
and principal burner constructed to spread and thoroughly commingle the up-
ward current of vapor and air and to produce a rotary or whirling motion thereof,
so as to increase the draft and effect a more perfect combustion of the vapor
and gaseous products of combustion fed to the principal flame, substantially
as described.
9. In a vapor burner, a wick tube, a vapor generating chamber enclosing
said tube at the burner end thereof, means for admitting air to said chamber,
a perforated plate or diaphragm having a non-perforated portion partially
closing the upper part of said chamber and projecting inwardly to arrest and
deflect the current of air and vapor, and an air spreader adjacent to the burner
end of the wick tube, together with a mixing chamber over the generating
chamber, whereby the air entering said generating chamber is deflected against
the sides and top thereof so as to form an eddy therein to prevent the flame
from igniting the vapor in the mixing chamber, substantially as described.
10. In a vapor burner, the combination with a principal burner and a mixing
chamber for supplying commingled vapor and air thereto, of a vapor generating
chamber communicating with the mixing chamber and a wick tube constructed
to maintain a low or partial combustion only at the wick and generate vapor,
a plate or diaphragm arranged over said generating chamber for regulating the

page_text: flow of vapor and air and deflecting the same, and a fan disc above said
diaphragm, whereby the vapor and air are spread, commingled and given a
rotary or whirling motion in passing to the principal burner, so as to increase
the draft and insure a perfect combustion of the inflammable gases at the
principal burner, substantially as described.
11. In a vapor generator, and burner, the combination with the mixing
chamber, of devices located therein constructed to thoroughly mix and impart
a whirling motion to the vapor and air rising therethrough, a burner over said
mixing chamber, a distinct vapor generating chamber located within the mixing
chamber, and means for feeding air to the latter chamber in such quantity
as to sustain a low or partial combustion only, while permitting the main body
of vapor generated to pass into the mixing chamber to feed the principal flame,
substantially as described.
12. In a vapor generator and burner, the combination with a principal
burner, of a vapor and air receiving chamber and devices located therein for
mixing the vapor and air in its passage therethrough to the burner, a wick tube,
a distinct vapor generating chamber enclosing the burner end of said wick
tube, a partition or movable bottom for the latter chamber constructed to admit
air therethrough, and means for shifting said bottom and the walls of the
generating chamber to permit the wick to be lighted.
13. In combination with the mixing chamber having a vapor burner at its
top, a distinct generating chamber, devices interposed between said generating
chamber and burner constructed to spread and mix the vapor and air passing
through the mixing chamber and to produce a rotary or whirling motion thereof,
together with a wick tube and means for admitting sufficient air to the vapor
generating chamber to sustain a low flame or partial combustion therein and
to generate vapor the main body of which is commingled with air and fed to
the principal flame.
14. In a vapor generator and burner, a mixing chamber, an annular wick
tube, a concentric air tube, a spreader at the top of said air tube, and a vapor
generating chamber enclosing the upper end of the wick tube, and having an
inwardly projecting flange or cover at its upper part constructed to deflect
the air and vapor passing therefrom so as to form an eddy therein to prevent,
the flame at the wick from igniting the vapor in the mixing chamber.
15. In a vapor generator and burner, a vapor generating chamber, a mixing
chamber communicating therewith, a wick tube, an air tube and an air spreader
or deflector at the top of said air tube; said generating chamber having the
upper part thereof formed or provided with an inwardly projecting plate or
flange constructed to deflect the air and vapor passing therefrom so as to form
an eddy therein to prevent the flame at the wick from igniting the vapor in
the mixing chamber.
16. In combination with the mixing chamber and principal burner, a vapor
generating chamber, enclosed in said mixing chamber, having its upper end
partially closed and its sides perforated, a wick tube having its burner end
enclosed in said generating chamber, a guide-rod supporting said generating
chamber, and guiding means for said rod, a perforated plate encircling the
upper end of said wick tube and forming a movable bottom for said mixing
chamber, and means for shifting said movable bottom and therewith said
generating chamber, to permit the wick to be lighted, substantially as described.
17. In combination with the mixing chamber provided with a vapor exit
and burner, and with devices located therein for mixing the vapor and air
passing therethrough, a distinct vapor generating chamber below said burner
and mixing devices having a perforated outer wall and a partially closed top,
a perforated deflecting diaphragm having a solid part arranged directly over
said generating chamber so as to deflect the upward current of vapor and air
and aid in mixing the same, and a fan-disc arranged over said deflector for
imparting a rotary or whirling motion to the air; said generating chamber,

page_text: deflector and fan-disc being secured to a vertically movable rod working in
suitable guides to permit said devices to be raised and lowered, and means for
raising said chamber, deflector and fan-disc together.
18. In combination with the mixing chamber having a movable perforated
bottom, and a burner, the wick tube, the gas generating chamber, means for
sustaining the walls of said generating chamber in the plane of the wick tube,
and a push rod and toggle links arranged to raise said movable bottom and
thereby raise said generating chamber to permit the wick to be lighted, sub-
stantially as described.
19. In a gas or. vapor burner, a horizontal base-plate. having a circular series
of air-inlet openings and inclined deflectors above said openings to direct the
incoming currents of air obliquely and produce a whirling motion thereof,
substantially as described.
20. A gas or vapor burner comprising a centrally apertured horizontal base-
plate with a circular series of openings and inclined deflectors above said open-
ings, a dome rising from said plate around its central aperture and having a
perforated top or cap, and an imperforate ring surrounding the dome with a
space of limited area between it and the same, said ring being elevated from
the base-plate and standing directly over the deflectors, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
21. In a burner, a chimney holder comprising resilient standards rising from
the base of the burner, curved resilient arms on the inner edges of said standards
and adapted to bear against the lower part of the chimney, said standards
also adapted to bear at their upper ends against the latter, and a band encircling
the standards at their upper ends, substantially as and for the purpose described.
22. In a burner, a chimney holder comprising resilient standards rising from
the burner-base and adapted to bear at their upper ends against the chimney,
said standards being shouldered; and a ring having openings through which
the standards extend, said ring resting against the shoulders of the latter.
23. In a burner, a chimney and shade holder comprising resilient standards
rising from the base of the burner and shouldered near their upper ends, a
ring fitting over the upper ends of said standards and against the shoulders
thereof, and shade supports carried by said ring..
24. In a burner, a chimney and globe holder comprising resilient standards
rising from the base of the burner and having downwardly extending hook-
shaped globe supports at their lower ends.
25. In a burner, a chimney, shade and globe holder comprising resilient
standards rising from the base of the burner, shouldered near their upper ends
and formed with. hook-shaped extensions at their lower ends, a ring fitting
over the upper ends of said standards and against the shoulders thereof, and
shade supports carried by said ring.
W. LLOYD WISE,
.46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.