IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND CURTAINS
Year: 1884

page_text: We WILLIAM LONGBOTTOM, of Nelson Street Barnsley Engineer and WILLIAM
STOCKWELL LAWSON, of Burley New Mills Leeds Manufacturer both in the County
of York do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND CURTAINS" and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the
following statement :-
Our Invention relates to the weaving of broad carpets by the power loom, such
carpets having been hitherto generally woven by the hand loom requiring two men
to each loom. Our Improvements embrace a combination of movements or
mechanical arrangements and their adaptation for the production of carpets up to
say four yards wide or even wider if required.
In our arrangement we apply rising boxes at each end of the loom and an
arrangement is provided whereby the picking motion can be changed to work pick
and pick, two picks and two picks, or four picks and four picks; that is to say
alternately one pick from each end, or alternately two picks from each end or
alternately four picks from each end. This last named suits patterns, where four
rising boxes are used at each end of of the loom. The changing of picks is effected
by change wheels which actuate the tappet, motion being derived from the crank
or main driving shaft. The driving shaft is fitted with fast and loose pullies at
each end, and the belt guides for each are connected together by a rod. Such rod
is operated by a lever for stopping and starting the loom. This lever is moved by
means of a rod under the breast beam, running the full length of the loom frames
and provided with an eccentric at the end thereof, and its movement is obtained
through a lever connected with the weft motion. The eccentric at the end of the
above mentioned rod presses the knocking off lever out of a recess and stops the
loom by means of a strong spiral spring which actuates the belt forks.
The weft motion which is double is actuated by the picking motion, that is to
say when the picking motion comes into operation say for the left hand side, the
weft motion is lifted out of gear, and the right hand side brought into operation,
and vice-versa. The weft motion is connected up to the damask machine which
forms the upper or overhead working part of the loom, by means of a bell crank
lever and rod-lifting catch on the damask machine and relieving shaft on the back

page_text: of the machine. From this shaft by means of levers-connected by two rods to
two V levers and strong spiral springs the picking motion is thrown out of gear so
that the loom may be actuated and open shead formed on the machine without
deranging the shuttle or the machine.
The brake motion for stopping the loom when the straps are thrown on to the
loose pulley is effected by means of a clip round the balance wheel, such wheel
being keyed on the crank shaft. To this clip is connected a strong open spring
which by means of a set screw can be regulated to the pressure required. This
brake arrangement is connected to the starting lever by means of a shaft across
the outer framing of the loom; and when the handle of the starting lever is moved
to throw the straps on to the fast or driving pulleys, a lever on the shaft moves a
bell crank lever raises the brake from the balance wheel, and allows it to move
freely. Also when the belts are thrown on to the loose pulley the clip or brake is
drawn down on to the balance wheel stopping the loom before the crank passes the
bottom centre.
Our Invention further relates to the damask machine or overhead motion of the
loom (being that part of the loom which forms the figure or pattern); and consists
in working the twilling by means of four levers mounted on brackets on the upper
framework and connected by four rods to four treadles on the low shaft; a tappet
motion thereon moving the treadles alternately. The tappet is fixed on shaft at
one end of the loom and within its inner framing, and on the opposite side is a
tappet to work two treadles actuating two lifters. The above tappets are so
arranged that they may be worked in unison; that is to say, the tappet that lifts
the twilling motion, and the tappets that lifts the figure are so arranged that each
treadle must lift and fall before the next treadle commences to rise.
We arrange the revolving cylinder so that it can be set to the needles with one
operation by means of a loose collar provided in a grooved or recessed bearing.
This loose collar is held in any required position by a set screw, so that by releasing
this the cylinder may be adjusted and afterwards held in such position by
tightening the screw in the loose collar.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood reference is
given to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and marks thereon.
Fig 1 is a front elevation of the loom, Fig 2 an end elevation shewing the
arrangements for working the twill motion, Fig 3 an end elevation shewing
the arrangements for working the lifters used in forming the pattern or figure,
Fig 4 is a part end elevation shewing the picking motion and Fig 5 a part end
elevation shewing the brake motion, Fig 6 is a part front elevation also shewing
the brake motion Fig 7 a part longitudinal section shewing the weft motion and
Fig 8 a sectional elevation shewing its connection with the damask machine, or
overhead motion.
The picking motion is shewn in Fig 4 in which 1 is a diagonal shaft carrying the
lever 2 with stud and runner for receiving the blow from the tappet on the balance
wheel 3; this movement being for picking the shuttle. On the bottom end of
shaft 1 is mounted a lever 4 connected to the picking stick 5 (as shewn at
Figs 12 and 3) by a leather strap in the ordinary way. The shaft is placed as
shewn in the drawing its centre being above that of the crank and the lever 2
hangs in a diagonal position. The pulley or runner on the lever 2 tuns against the
rim of a flat surface 6 (which is adjustable) on the balance wheel 3. On the rim
of this flat surface is a tappet or projection 7 which comes round as the balance
wheel 3 revolves producing a very powerful pick, whenever the shaft 1 is in
position for picking The tappet 7 is made adjustable and held by bolts or screws
passing through slot holes. By this arrangement the pick may be timed. The
lever 8 is for lifting the picking shaft out of position for picking and for lowering
the same into position for picking. For this purpose the lever 8 is actuated by a
tappet or cam 9 driven by a wheel and pinion from the shaft 10. The size of the
wheel and piniou may be varied according to the number of picks required; for
example For working four shuttles carrying four colours of weft we drive the low

page_text: shaft with wheels in the proportion of 4 to 1 and the picking tappet as 2 to 1
from the low shaft, that is in the proportion of 8 to 1 from the driving shaft.
In Figs 7 and 8 are more particularly shewn the weft motion and its connections
with the picking motion and damask machine. We employ two weft forks 11 as
at present used in narrow carpet looms, these are connected to levers 12 on the
sword fly by wire rods, and so long as the forks 11 are held up by the.weft the
loom continues to work, but should there be no weft the fork 11 falls and lets down
the small lever 12 into the catch in lever 13 (See Fig 8) such lever 13 being
connected to lever 14 mounted on a shaft. 15 running the full length of the loom.
On the end of this shaft 15 is a short crank which presses against the knocking off
lever 16 of the loom, the lever draws the driving strap on to the loose pullies and
thus stops the loom. On the end of shaft 15 is provided a lever 17 coupled to
the bell crank lever 18 by a wire connector. From this bell crank lever 18 is a
wire connection which is carried up to lever 19 which operates the lever 20 of the
damask machine and liberates the same; when such lever 19 is at once acted by a
strong spiral spring 21 which also acts on levers 22 on shaft 23. The levers 22 are
connected as shewn at Figs 2, 3, and 4 by small rods to bell crank levers 24, these
levers having on one end a fork which strides the picking shaft 1. At the top end
of each shaft 1 is a collar. The forks lift up both picking shafts at the same time
both ends being connected, the picking motion on both sides of the loom being
thrown out of gear, thus preventing the shuttles being thrown out of the boxes
and spoiling work.
The rising boxes and general framework are much similar to those used in narrow
carpet looms.
Above the balance
Figs 5 and 6 shew the arrangement of the brake motion.
wheel 3 and to the framework is hinged a wrought iron strap 25 lined with leather.
To the lower end of the curved strap or piece 25 is attached a rod 26 at the bottom
end of which is formed a screw having a nut thereon, and above the nut an open
spring. On this rod also are two adjustable collars one of which is acted upon by
a small lever 28 mounted on a stud carried on a bracket from the loom end. The
end of the lever is fork shaped to stride the rod 26 and presses against the
collar 27. The end of the lever 28 is connected to a lever 29 carried on shaft 30.
This shaft 30 is the fulcrum of the knocking off lever 16. To such lever is attached
a strong spiral spring 31. The knocking off lever when released at the top moves
the shaft 30 and relieves the open spring on rod 26 allowing it to operate on
brake 25, which presses on the periphery of the balance wheel 3 and brings the
loom to a stand before the crank passes over the bottom centre.
In connection with this brake motion is provided an arrangement for relieving
the brake from the balance wheel when it is required to work or turn the loom by
hand, and consists in a lever 32 having its forked end underneath the collar 33.
For the purpose of relieving the brake I employ in connection with lever 32 a
vertical lever 34 coupled to the lever 32 as shewn. The top part of lever 34 passes
through the shuttle box and by pressing or pushing down the lever 34 the brake is
removed from the balance wheel 3 and held in position by catch 34¹.
At Figs 7 and 4 is shewn the method of throwing the weft motion out of operation.
This is effected by lever 8 in connection with lever 35. At the other end of lever 35
a wire connection is formed to lever 36 mounted on fly sword, the opposite end of
lever 36 is connected by wire to lever 12. By this arrangement when the picking
shaft 1 is at the bottom of footstep, the weft fork at that side is lifted out of way
for the shuttle to pass through the sheard clear, and on the opposite side the picking
shaft rises out of gear by means of lever 8 acted upon by tappet or cam 9. By
the above described arrangement the loon picks four times from one side, and then
the picking shaft rises out of gear letting down the weft motion which immediately
begins to operate, at the same time the picking shaft 1 on the opposite side of the
loom is let down by its lever 8 and tappet 9.
The above arrangement of picking may be varied by changing the wheels and
tappets according to the number of picks required. The damask or overhead motion

page_text: of the machine may be mounted on beams as shewn in the drawings or when
preferred mounted on framework connected with the lower part of the machine.
The machine is what is known as a double lift band-machine, the cylinder
turning every two picks. We work the lifter by means of two treadles. 37 from
the bottom shaft by means of two connecting rods 38 up to levers 39 on the
machine. On the opposite end of the loom is a tappet on the low shaft which gives
motion to four treadles 40 for working the twilling or bottom boards of the machine
by means of four connectors 41 and four levers 42 applied at the top of tlie machine
.as shewn at Figs 1 2 and 3.
Other parts of the machine not described may be of ordinary construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained, the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
"
1° The picking motion with arrangements for throwing the same in or out of
action substantially as herein set forth and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
2° The arrangement and application of weft motion on both sides of machine,
working in conjunction with picking motion, whereby the same is thrown in or
out of action also the mode of connecting it with the damask machine substantially
as herein set forth and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
3° The arrangement of damask machine or overhead motion in connection with
the picking motion, whereby the picking motions are thrown in or out of action
substantially as aud for purposes herein set forth and as shewn in the accompanying
drawings.
4 The arrangement of balance wheel brake motion and means employed for
throwing the same in or out of action substantially as and for purposes herein set
forth and as shewn in the accompanying drawings.
5° The arrangement and application of damask machine or overhead motion in
its adaptation to power looms and in the method of working the same by power
for broad carpet or curtain looms substantially as herein set forth and shewn in the
accompanying drawings.
6° The combination of picking motions, weft motions, damask machine or
overhead motion and balance wheel brake motion in power looms for broad carpets
or curtains arranged and actuated substantially as and for purposes herein set forth
and as shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Savanteenth day of October 1884
J. W. HARDING,
Agent for the Applicants.