A NEW PLOUGH CONSTRUCTED UPON PECULIAR PRINCIPLES, AND CAPABLE OF BEING WROUGHT OR PUT IN MOTION WITH LESS FORCE OR POWER THAN USUAL
Year: 1770

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
MOORE, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Linendraper and Warehouseman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
First day of June, in the tenth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Francis Moore, His especial licence that I, the said Francis Moore,
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also within all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
my Invention of "A NEW PLOUGH CONSTRUCTED UPON PECULIAR PRINCIPLES, AND
CAPABLE OF BEING WROUGHT OR PUT IN MOTION WITH LESS FORCE OR POWER THAN
USUAL;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe obliging
me, the said Francis Moore, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
four calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, I, the said
Francis Moore, do hereby declare that my said Invention of A New Plough
constructed upon Peculiar Principles, and capable of being Wrought or put

page_text: in Motion with Less Force or Power than usual, is described in the Plan
thereof, hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Moore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of September, One thousand
seven hundred and seventy.
A, a perpendicular wheel fixed in the body of the plough, turning round
in the furrow to take off the usual friction of the plough behind, and prevent
her from dragging as a sledge.
B, the axis of the said wheel, one end running in a box or collar next the
mould board or mould iron, and the other end under the barr or frame No. 1,
which is fixed to the breast or front of the plough at one end with a screw
bolt, and to the back frame by another, which also helps to stiffen the plough.
C, a horizontal wheel which turns round against the land side at the heel
or back frame of the plough in the furrow, and takes off the friction against
the land which would otherwise be caused by the pressure or resistance of
the furrow or piece of earth that is turning over as the plough proceeds.
D, the spindle or axis of the last-mentioned wheel, which is rivitted into
it at the bottom, and goes through two boxes or collars, as at 2, with two
rows of holes thro' it to admit the screw 3, which also goes through the barr
or frame of iron 4, which fits in between the boxes or collars at bottom and
top, and prevents the spindle and wheel from rising or falling, but may be
taken up or let down at pleasure by means of the screw 3; and, as the
spindle frame and wheel all turn round together, the wheel is prevented from
clogging or choaking.-See a representation thereof in Figure 2.
E, a paddle or scraper with the handle or shaft 5 to clean the mould of
the plough, and, if need require when the earth is clammy, it may be drop'd
through a broad staple on the back frame to keep it tight, and stand about a
quarter of an inch from off the periphery or outside of the horizontal wheel
to clear off the clay or earth.
F, the frame of the plough behind to which the beam and mould board or
mould iron is fastened to behind with the screw bolt and nut 6.
G, the breast and main handle, on the point of which is fixed the share
and the mould board or mould iron, and the other handle with the beam, by
the screw bolt and nut 7.
.
H, the wilds or copps fixed to the beam by the bolt or pin 8, on which they
turn or swing, and so more or less land may be taken at pleasure, and with

page_text: more advantage than can be done in the usual way in what are called wheel
ploughs.
I, the mould board or mould iron cut or sloped up from the breast, as is
represented in the Drawing, to admit the weight or pressure of the plough to
fall heavier on the perpendicular wheel; the rest is chiefly the same as is
commonly made use of in what are called wheel ploughs, but are fuller
explained as follows:-K, the share; L, the coulter; M, the tow chain;
N, the bridle chain fixed to O the stake, the bottom end going through a link
of the tow chain, and the top confined by a pin going through the holes in
the gallows P to keep the beam in a proper situation; Q, Q, the crow staves
morticed into the box, through which goes the iron pin or axis of the
wheels R., R.; S, the pillow; T, the fore wilds or copps link and whipper.
This plough may be made of any size, if required, to suit particular lands,
and also, with a little variation, to cut drains. It likewise goes well, in some
lands, when the fore part of the beam is lowered a little, and the wilds or
copps are fixed to the end of it, as a foot or swing plough, with or without
a wheel underneath the beam. In all these cases the advantage gained will
be in proportion as the friction is reduced.
FRANCIS MOORE.