A NEWMETHOD FOR REMOVING THE INCRUSTATION FROM BOILERS OF STEAM ENGINES, FOR PREVENTION OF SUC-
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Vittoria Felice, of Rome, in the Kingdom of
Italy, for the Invention of "A NEW METHOD FOR REMOVING THE
INCRUSTATION FROM BOILERS OF STEAM ENGINES, FOR PREVENTION OF SUC-

page_text: quently occurs.
The damage caused by incrustation is as follows:-
1stly. The interior surface of a boiler when incrusted is a bad con-
ductor of heat, and more difficult to heat and to cool.
2ndly. Being a bad conductor of heat it is not acted upon by the fire
in such manner as to heat the water with the desired rapidity, which
causes the use of a larger quantity of fuel than would otherwise be
necessary in order to maintain the liquid at the necessary temperature.
3rdly. In causing it to be indispensable to maintain an excessive heat :
on the exterior surface, it contributes to vary the nature of the metal
more directly acted upon by the fire and to the weakening of the joints
of the plates.
4thly. When incrustation has reached a certain point and the con-
ductibility of the same has become weaker it is necessary to increase
the fire, which causes an increase of expansion in the metal, and all the
parts of the boiler not expanding in the same proportion, the incrusta-
tion cracks here and there, and the water passing through the cracks on
to the red-hot metal, thus becoming suddenly heated to too high a
temperature it is instantly converted into steam of great power or
pressure, which causes the boiler to burst, in spite of the safety apparatus
or fittings.
In order to get rid of the before-mentioned disadvantages, which are
both dangerous to life, and costly, it becomes necessary to stop the
working of the boiler and to remove the incrustation by means of steel
tools, an operation which causes much work and loss of time, and also
damage to the boiler, because in removing the incrustation the metal is
more or less affected. After undergoing such an operation it is
impossible for the boiler not to have deteriorated more or less, and
therefore a considerable expense is incurred by reason of having to
purchase new boilers.
Thus induced to seek a sure remedy for the prevention of incrustation
in boilers I have discovered the following specific. At the time steam
is to be got up the following specific is to be introduced into the boiler
through an aperture in its upper part.-One kilo. of Japan earth (that is
to say, catechu), 50 grammes of salammoniac, 75 grammes of

page_text: sumach, the whole forming the quantity for each ten horse-power
engine. These materials act very efficaciously in disintegrating in eight
days of continuous work all the incrustation in a boiler, causing it to
become in a perfectly clean state; and in using this specific twice a
5 month the formation of scale is prevented, and the boiler kept free
from salt. Further, as there is not any acid in the specific the plates
are preserved by the greasy nature of the specific.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Vittoria Felice in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 14th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, VITTORIA
FELICE, of Rome, in the Kingdom of Italy, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Vittoria Felice, Her special
license, that I, the said Vittoria Felice, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Vittoria Felice,
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "A NEW METHOD FOR REMOVING THE INCRUSTATION FROM BOILERS OF STEAM
ENGINES, FOR PREVENTION OF SUCCESSIVE INCRUSTATIONS, AND FOR THE PRE-
SERVATION OF THE METAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Vittoria Felice, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: "
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Vittoria Felice, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
Now I, being desirous of remedying the inconvenience owing to the
incrustation of the interior of steam boilers, have discovered after
studious and experimental research a genuine and efficacious method for
the avoidance of such inconvenience, which unhappily but too frequently
occurs.
The damage caused by incrustation is as follows
-1stly. The interior surface of a boiler when incrusted is a bad con-
ductor of heat, and more difficult to heat and to cool.
2ndly. Being a bad conductor of heat it is not acted upon by the
fire in such manner as to heat the water with the desired rapidity,
which causes the use of a larger quantity of fuel than would other-
wise be necessary in order to maintain the liquid at the necessary
temperaturo.
3rdly. In causing it to be indespensable to maintain an excessive heat
on the exterior surface, it contributes to vary the nature of the metal
more directly acted upon by the fire and to the weakening of the joints 1
of the plates.
4thly. When incrustation has reached a certain point and the con-
ductibility of the same has become weaker it is necessary to increase the
fire, which causes an increase of expansion in the metal, and all the parts
of the boiler not expanding in the same proportion the incrustation
cracks here and there, and the water passing through the cracks on to
the red-hot metal, thus becoming suddenly heated to too high a tem-
perature it is instantly converted into steam of great power or pressure,
which causes the boiler to burst in spite of the safety apparatus or
fittings.
In order to get rid of the before-mentioned disadvantages, which aro
both dangerous to life and costly, it becomes necessary to stop the
working of the boiler and to remove the incrustation by means of steel
tools, an operation which causes much work and loss of time, and also
damage to the boiler, because in removing the incrustation the metal is a
more or less affected After undergoing such an operation it is

page_text: impossible for the boiler not to have deteriorated more or less, and
therefore a considerable expense is incurred by reason of having to
purchase new boilers.
Thus induced to seck a sure remedy for the prevention of incrustation
in boilers I have discovered the following specific. At the time steam
is to be got up the following specific is to be introduced into the boiler
through an aperture in its upper part.-One kilogramme of Japan
carth (that is to say, catechu), 50 grammes of salammoniac, 75
grammes of sumach, the whole forming the quantity for each ten
horse-power engine. These materials act very efficaciously in disinte-
grating in eight days of continuous work all the incrustation in a boiler,
causing it to become in a perfectly clean state, and in using this specific
twice a month the formation of scale is prevented, and the boiler kept
free from scales Further, as there is not any acid in the specific the
plates are preserved by the greasy nature of the specific.
In the hope of being useful to science I have made public the before-
mentioned specific (of which experiments have already been made) in
order to obtain a privilege for the use and sale of the same for the term
of fourteen years.
In witness whercof, I, the said Vittoria Felice, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.