IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES FOR EXTRACTING JUICE OF PLANTS, OR DRYING UP SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS OF VARIOUS KINDS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frédéric Pierre Langenard, of Rue des Trois
Couronnes, Paris, in the Empire of France, Lead Wire Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES FOR
EXTRACTING JUICE OF PLANTS, OR DRYING UP SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS OF
VARIOUS KINDS."
Scaled the 30th August 1864, and dated the 2nd March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frédéric Pierre Langenard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, un
the 2nd March 1864.
I, FRÉDÉRIC PIERRE LANGENARD, of Rue des Trois Couronnes, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Lead Wire Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES FOR
EXTRACTING JUICE OF PLANTS, OR DRYING UP SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS OF VARIOUS
KINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the particular arrangement of the cylindrical
revolving box receiving the material or substance to be dried. This box,
composed either of a perforated metallic sheet or wire cloth, is carried by a
ring placed on the ends of suitably disposed arms fitted in a nave or boss,
which nave or boss is keyed on a vertical shaft, this shaft may be actuated
from one end or the other, as may be found convenient. The revolving box
or cylinder is surrounded with a cast-iron casing, with suitable channels for

page_text: receiving the drainings or liquid expelled from the substances or materials
under treatment. The cast-iron casing has an opening fitted with a cover,
through which the substances or materials may be removed. The wire cloth
cylinder or revolving box is open both at the top and bottom, the substances or
materials to be dried are let in from a hopper whilst the machine is working,
and fall upon a moveable bottom attached.to a hollow shaft, which is carried
along by the central shaft, on which it can slide freely up and down by means
of a fork lever or other contrivance when required. The moveable bottom
being lowered when the material is deprived of its juice, this dried material is
then put in motion by the centrifugal action of the revolving bottom, and is
expelled from the lower part of the casing by brushes fixod at the under part
of the moveable bottom, which is kept rotating whilst a brush fixed vertically
rubs out the adhering dried material from the vertical part of the wire cloth
or revolving perforated box. When the dried material has been expelled the
moveable bottom is raised up by the forked lever, and a fresh quantity of
material is let down from the hopper without stopping the machine.
By another modification I can dispose a similar apparatus for drying either
washed linen or dried stuff's or yarns and other such articles, the moveable
bottom of the revolving cylinder being in such applications composed of a
cloth or any other sheet stretched upon arms hinged on a nave or boss, and
capable of movement, so that when lowered the bottom folds up, allowing the
dried material to fall out, then another set of upper arms carried by the inner
sliding shaft is brought down to expel the articles under treatment, and
so on.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frédéric Pierre Langenard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRÉDÉRIC
PIERRE LANGENARD, of Rue des Trois Couronnes, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Lead Wire Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Frédéric Pierre Langenard, Her special licence that I, the
said Frédéric Pierre Langenard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as 1, the said Frédéric Pierre Langenard, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES FOR EXTRACTING
JUICE OF PLANTS, OR DRYING UP SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS OF VARIOUS KINDS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frédéric Pierre
Langenard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frédéric Pierre Langenard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-
The centrifugal apparatus which have been made up to this day have never
been made to work without stopping each time the substance operated upon
bas to be taken away. The substance or material to be dried up is put into
the apparatus before setting it running, and the said apparatus is stopped to
take off the dried material, thus each time causing a loss of time, and as this
stopping takes place about every ten minutes it follows that each day much
time and labour are lost, and also great detriment to the machinery onsues.
The contrivance which I have invented avoids all these difficulties. The
centrifugal machines constructed according to my Invention work without
intermission, no time being required either to fill or charge and discharge
them.
My Invention is illustrated in the annexed Sheet of Drawings, in the several
Figures of which the same letters of reference are employed to denote like or
corresponding parts.
A, A, Figures 1 and 5, is the revolving cylinder or box, made either of a
perforated sheet of copper or wire cloth, in the same way as in the apparatuses
already known and used for the purposes to which the apparatus according to
my Invention is applied. The substances to be dried are introduced into the
revolving box or cylinder by means of the hopper B, into which they have
been previously brought by opening the slide valve or door C. The revolving
box or cylinder A is connected to the central shaft a, a, by means of the arms

page_text: a, a, a, a, and nave b, b, the latter being fastened by the key b¹; the
four arms are connected with each other by a ring c, c, Figures 1 and 8,
which is flanged at its lowest part; this ring carries also the flanged end of
the box or cylinder A; another ring d, d, Figures 1, 5, and 8, is laid over this
flange to unite together by means of screw bolts the rings c, c, and d, d, with
the wire cloth or other revolving box or cylinder A. The shaft a is fitted,
towards its lower part, with a cylindrical sleeve or socket piece e. e, Figures 1,
6, and 7, keyed on the former at e', e", (Figures 6 and 7, which are to an
enlarged scale); the sleeve or socket piece is fitted or formed, towards the
middle of its length, with two flanges f, f¹, and a forked lever i, i, (shewn
detached in Figures 9 and 10,) works between the said flanges; the arms of
the fork f, f, are fitted with rollers d', du, working between the flanges f,f,
The sleeve or socket piece e, e, is fitted at its lower end with another flango
which rests on a helical spring d", d, the said spring resting itself on a
collar fembodied with the shaft a, a. The sleeve or socket piece 6, 6, carries
another small flange 7 towards its upper part upon which rests the circular
plate g, g, Figures 1, 5, 6, and 8, (the two latter Figures being to an enlarged
scale); the plate g³ is held fast by the screwed nut 9", so that plate, sleeve,
and cylinder rotate with the shaft a, a, since they are all attached together.
The circular plate 9¹, 9', carries brushes 9, 9, at its under side, and its outer
edge is hollowed to receive the edge of the ring c, c, Figures 1 and 8. The
revolving box or cylinder A, A, is surrounded, as in the apparatus ordinarily
used for the purposes of this Invention, by a cast-iron casing or jacket C, C,
the object of which is to stop the liquid which is flowing off by the centrifugal
force and to gather it to the lowest part in a circular channel h, h, cut around
the periphery. The casing or jacket reaches down lower than the circular
plate g¹, and is closed underneath by an inclined bottom h¹, h; the lower part
of the casing or jacket is cut through by an aperture " shaped as a kind of
funnel intended to deliver the dried substances into a suitable receptacle or
reservoir. At its upper part the cast-iron casing or jacket carries a framing
c", c, upon which to fit the driving gear of the apparatus, which is similar to
those used in the apparatuses of the kind hitherto used, and consists, as shewn
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, of a fast and loose pulley h, h
which are actuated by any convenient or suitable motor; a bevel wheel Cu
is carried by the shaft C of the pulleys; no teeth are cut on the wheel C
which actuates the bevel pinion D by mere friction; the adhesion of the said
bevel wheel and pinion are ensured by the blade spring D', which pushes
constantly to the right the collar D" of the shaft C
I will now proceed to describe the mode of working the apparatus:-The

page_text: substance to be dried being thrown into the hopper B, is let in the revolving
cylinder or box A by the sliding door or valve C', which, when open, allows
the substance to be dried to descend to the lower part of the revolving box or
cylinder over the circular plate 9'. The apparatus, being charged, is put in
motion, and by the action of centrifugal force the substance to be dried is
flung against the periphery of the revolving box or cylinder A, A. When the
substance under treatment is supposed to be dried up enough the end of the
lever i, i', is raised up; this lever moves around its centre i", and the forked
end being engaged betwixt the flanges f,f', of the sleeve e, e, moves down,
carrying along with it the sleeve, and of course the circular plate g', g', con-
nected with it. During this motion the shaft a, a, continues running, as also
the sleeve e, e, as it is connected to the former by the keys e¹, e"; the sleeve
can move down independently because of the narrow vertical slit cut through
it above each of the said keys; the length of the slits being equal to the travel
of the circular plate, and they must be wide enough to allow of the keys
running freely therein; the said keys are driven first in the shaft a, a, so they
remain constantly at the same height. When the circular plate moves down
it carries along with it but a small quantity of the substance operated upon,
because the said substance is kept by centrifugal force against the periphery
of the revolving box or cylinder A, A; I get it loose by means of an apparatus
or contrivance (shewn detached in Figure 12) fitted to the upper part of the
casing or jacket C¹, C'; it consists of a screwed shaft placed horizontally with
a journal or collar betwixt two shoulders; the collar j¹ works in a suitable
bearing formed in the boss or projection j" of the casing or jacket C¹; the
shaft j turns freely in the bearing, but the flanges or shoulders of the journal
prevent it moving to the right or left. The screwed part of the shaft j is
engaged in a correspondingly screw-tapped hole bored through a square sliding
picce, which is suitably adjusted in corresponding ribs on the top part of
the casing or jacket so as to slide to and fro when actuated by the screwj;
a piece k is tied with the sliding piece 7, as shewn in Figures 2, 3, 12, it is
shaped with a rib hanging down into the revolving box or cylinder; the
rib is flanged on both sides, as shewn at k"; each flange being about one
inch wide, is provided in its whole length with a brush made either of hair,
whalebone, or wire. The hand crank being turned either way, the shaft j
will cause the sliding piece, to move, which sliding piece carries along in its
motion the piece k with its brush. When it is necessary to detach the dried
substance which adheres to the periphery of the revolving box or cylinder A,
the hand crank k, l, is turned so as to bring the rib and its brush gradually
near the said periphery, the brush being motionless is caught by the stuff sticking

page_text: on the periphery of the revolving box or cylinder which is rotating at consider-
able speed. By this rubbing off the dried or partially dried substance is shaken
loose and caused to fall down on the circular plate g', g', which at this moment
is brought down to the position shewn in red lines, Figure 1. The action of
the brushes on the periphery of the revolving cylinder is very efficacious, not
only to detach the adhering dried stuff, but also when all the stuff is detached
to clean off this periphery by driving off all the particles which might stop its
perforations. Now the circular plate 9' runs with the same speed as the
central shaft a, a, and all the dried stuff which falls down on this plate is
flung off with force in all directions, but as it is surrounded by a circular
casing or jacket which stops the projected particles, they fall down then on
the bottom h¹, h, whence they are again brushed away by the brushes 9, 9,
carried by the under side of the circular plate, and they are finally discharged
through the funnel shaped aperture A", and fall down into a receiver or recep-
tacle. When there is no more dried stuff on the bottom h, the hand lever i, i¹,
is acted upon by bearing at i¹; the sleeve c, c, is then raised up back to its
former position, carrying along with it the circular plate g', g'; this ascending
motion of the plate 9', 9', is helped by the helical spring d, which had been
squeezed when the sleeve was brought down. The circular plate being in its
raised position, its upper edge bears strongly under against the ring c, fitted
with an india-rubber or leather ring so as to make a water-tight joint; the
ring c is cut slanting inwardly to prevent the juice or liquid mixed with the
substances to be dried up escaping through the joint. The upper ring d used to
hold the ring c with the flange of the perforated revolving cylinder and to tie
or connect the whole with the central shaft, projects out and serves to assist
in conducting the liquid escaping from the revolving cylinder to the circular
channel h, h, and to prevent it escaping between the edge of the said circular
channel and the ring c. The liquid or juice thus driven off from the substance
operated upon runs then out through the aperture 1, and is conveyed by a pipe
into any convenient receiver. The circular plate being thus brought back to its
place, the hand lever i, i, is fastened to maintain it in a steady position. The
brush carrying the rib k³ is moved back by turning the hand crank k¹¹¹, then
the apparatus is loaded or charged afresh by opening the sliding door or valve
C till the required quantity of the material to be operated upon has entered
the cylinder A. As soon as the box or cylinder has been charged it is allowed
to run till the whole liquid has been expelled, then the circular plate 'g, g', is
brought down as already described, and the brush piece " is moved slowly
towards the periphery of the cylinder A, A, to detach the dried stuff which
falls down on the plate, and is finally caused to fall in a receiver as before.

page_text: described, and the process goes on and is continued without intermission or
stoppage of the machine. From the foregoing description it may inferred that
a great advantage is to be obtained by applying my improved centrifugal
apparatus, for, no stopping being required, the work is performed quicker, the
brake used in other similar apparatuses being no longer needed, no power is
lost by its powerful friction, and the action of which is detrimental to the
machinery; the time which was required for stopping by means of the brake
is utilized for drying, as well as the time for discharging or emptying the
apparatus, and the operation of charging or filling is effected more rapidly
than heretofore by means of the hopper B.
When the substances which are to be submitted to the action of the centri-
fugal machine are finely divided, liable to escape through the perforations of
the revolving cylinder or box, and to be carried away together with the juice
or liquid to be extracted, I make a different combination, shewn in Figures 16
and 17, consisting of an intermediate wire or hair cloth jacket or casing E, E,
forming a sort of sieve placed between the perforated cylinder A, A, and the
cast-iron casing or jacket C', C'. When the liquid runs through the per-
forations of the cylinder A, A, carrying along with it some particles of the
divided substance, the said particles are arrested by the intermediate casing or
jacket E, E, whilst the liquid passes on through the said intermediate casing
to the cast-iron casing or jacket to run into the lower circular channel. The
intermediate casing or sieve is attached at the upper part to the top of the
cast-iron casing or jacket by means of bolts, as shewn in Figure 16.
When woollen or silk yarns or fabrics, beetroots, or any other material of
the kind have to be dried up, and when this material is of considerable bulk,
the circular plate 9', g', in the first-described arrangement of the apparatus
according to my Invention, would not be well appropriated for drying up such
materials as those last mentioned, I therefore prefer to adopt for drying up
such materials the disposition shewn in Figures 11, 13, 14, and 15, in which
the perforated copper sheet or wire cloth cylinder A, A, is formed and fitted
generally as in the apparatus first described, but there is this difference between
the details of the two arrangements, and which consists in the position of the
arms connecting the revolving cylinder with the shaft, which arms instead of being
at the lower end, as before described, are placed at the upper part, as shewn
in the Figures last mentioned, but are fastened to the shaft in the same way;
the ring V, V, which unites the said arms together is above instead of being
under the flange of the revolving cylinder, and above the said ring is placed
the flange of a funnel F, F, covered by another ring V, V, the four pieces just
mentioned are then fastened together by means of bolts or screws suitably.

page_text: disposed alt around, the funnel of course rotating with the cylinder, as they are
attached together. The cylinder A is flanged outwardly at its lower part, this
flange is carried by a ring m, m, projecting out over the edge of the circular
channel h, h; a third ring is laid over the flange of the cylinder, and these
three pieces are tied together by means of screws or bolts. It is now evident
that the materials thrown into the cylinder A, A, should fall clear down
between the arms connecting it with the shaft. The cast-iron casing or
jacket C¹, C', is similar to the one of the first-described apparatus, only the
circular channel h, h, is wider, because the liquids expelled from the materials
mentioned, which are to be dried in this centrifugal apparatus, are more
abundant.
The bottom n, n, of this last-described modification of my apparatus is
made either of a cloth, tissue, skin, or any other elastic and pliable stuff; the
said cloth or stuff is attached at its outer edge to a ring n¹, n³, made either of
india-rubber, woollen, hempen, or any other textile material, either alone or a
combination of several of the said materials; the elastic bottom n, n, is carried
towards its centre by another similar ring; the elastic bottom and ring n', n',
are carried by several moveable radial rings X, X, hinged at n", n", on the
sleeve or nave o, o, keyed fast on the shaft p, p, and moving with it; the ribs
or arms X, X, are shaped with small projecting tongues o³, o¹, into which
rods o", o", are hinged at the opposite end at o, o, with projecting tongues
embodied with the moveable sleeve piece 9, 9, which is fitted with two
flanges q, q, (Figures 11 and 13), betwixt which is placed a piece H, shewn
alone in plan view at Figure 14; the said piece is fitted with rollers, as the
forked end of the lever i, i¹, of the first-described apparatus; the four rounded
angle pieces of the piece H are pierced through with small holes r, r¹, ll, lll;
two guiding vertical rods s, s', run through the opposite holes 7, r', and two
ropes s,, are led through the holes 11, 1; the ropes are wound up
around the pulleys t, t, whence they are led around the drum t¹. The two
rods s, s, stand on a piece u, u, fastened on the brickwork, the same piece
carries also the shaft of the pulleys t, t. The sleeve piece q is fitted at its
lower part with a projecting ring or flange u¹, which bears on the top of a
helical spring u, u, the lower part thereof rests on a shoulder u¹¹¹ embodied
with the shaft p, p'; the helical spring will of course move up and down with
the shaft, also the screw, because it is tied with the shaft by the key V, which
is intended to have the same effect as the keys of the first-described apparatus
(and the same result is produced); this sleeve for the same purpose is cut
with a narrow slit for the key to slide in up and down. At its lower part
the shaft p, p, rests on a socket bearing v. The shaft p, p, carrying the

page_text: centrifugal machine and its appendage is hollow in part of its length, and is
provided inwardly with a rod a, x, which is connected with the said shaft by
two keys a, a, driven fast into the rod a, a, which moves up and down
within the hollow shaft p, p. To allow of this up-and-down motion the hollow
shaft is cut through with two narrow slits under each key for the said keys to
slide freely in, each slit being as long as the required up-and-down motion of
the rod x, x. The key", which is at the lower end of the rod a, enters
mortices cut in a nave carrying as many arms as the upper nave, which ties
the cylinder and funnel with the shaft p, p; the arms of both naves must be
exactly above one another. The arms y, y, of the lower nave are united
together at their outer ends by a ring y', y, so that this ring moves up and
down with the rod x, x. The hollow shaft p, p, runs at the upper part in a
bearing fitted in the frame L, L; a bevel pinion is keyed on the shaft above the
upper bearing, the periphery of the pinion is smooth, and a strip of leather is
fixed upon it, so as to produce adhesion with the driving bevel wheel M; this
latter wheel is carried by the horizontal shaft N, which carries also the driving
pulleys S, S'; the shaft N runs in bearings carried in standards T, T', cast
together with the frame L. To slide up and down in the hollow shaft the
rod x, x, is actuated by the following contrivance:-Its upper end is fitted with
a bullet z held betwixt two jaws o, o, hollow shaped to fit the bullet without
coming close together; the jaws o, o', are tied together by screws.
At the top
part of the jaws, in the middle, there is an eye piece formed with a hole, in
which runs a rope T", which is knotted where passed through the eye, so that
when pulled upward the rope will draw the rod x, x. The jaws o, o¹, are
pierced through on each side with a small hole, through which runs a rope
Q, Q, Figure 15; the said ropes are wound around pulleys, ", the shafts
thereof are carried by standards or bearings P, P'; the ropes Q, Q, are
continued further on to allow of their being wound around a drum. When
the said ropes are pulled downwards they cause the rod x to move down; the
jaws o, o', are guided in their motion by the rods R, R', which are fastened at
their lowest end on the frame L, L.
I will now proceed to explain the working of the apparatus. The yarns or
fabrics of any kind, or any other materials of a similar description which are
to be dried in the apparatus, are thrown down into the funnel F, F, whence
they fall into the cylinder A, A; sometimes the said materials fall upon the
arms connecting the cylinder A, A, with the central shaft p, p, but after two
or three revolutions of the apparatus they fall in the space between the said
arms which are freed and the materials descend to the cylinder. The funnel
is formed narrower towards the middle for the purpose of arresting the

page_text: materials which possibly might be thrown up by the rotary motion of the
arms, causing them to fall back into the cylinder A, A, and preventing their
being thrown out.
The centrifugal apparatus being charged it is set in motion by throwing the
belt on the driving pulleys, keyed fast on the shaft N carrying the bevil
wheel M, which wheel actuates the bevel pinion fastened on the shaft p, p,
this shaft in its revolution carrying along the cylinder A, A, in its rotary
motion. As soon as the materials or substance contained in the said cylinder
is deprived of its liquid, or has arrived at the required state of dryness, the
drum t¹ is moved round the ropes s", ", winding up around this drum cause
the piece H to move down, and with it the sleeve 9, 9, by means of the flanges
or shoulders q', 9"; as it moves down the sleeve 7, 9, carries along in its
descending motion the rods o", o", binging at n", n", causing the removing of
the pliable bottom, which folds itself similarly to the covering of an umbrella,
so that the bottom of the apparatus is left free and open. When this move-
ment has been effected the ropes Q, Q', are wound up around their drum to
let down the jaws O, O', and with them the rod a, a, and ring y', y', which
rubs off as its descends the particles of dried stuff adhering to the periphery
of the cylinder A, and causes the said dried stuff to fall down on to the bottom
of the apparatus, where it is gathered or collected. All these movements
described take place while the apparatus is working, and without necessitating
any stoppage whatever. As soon as the dried material has been taken away
the drum t" is rotated in a reverse direction; the ropes s", s, by the action
of the helical spring u", u", which had been squeezed are brought back to
their former position. The elastic or pliable bottom and arms o", o", are also
brought back to their former position; the rod a, r, is pulled up by means of
the rope T, and by the same action the ring y', y', is also brought up back to
its former position. When all this is done the cylinder is filled or discharged
afresh by throwing into the funnel F, F, a fresh quantity of material to be
operated upon, and it is proceeded with in the same manner as just described,
and the operations are continued and repeated without ever stopping the
apparatus either for charging or filling in or for emptying or discharging it.
In summing up the several advantages of the apparatus herein-before
described over those used hitherto to perform the same work, it may be
observed that the centrifugal machines of my Invention work without ever
stopping, either for filling or emptying them, requiring but a single attendant,
who can also attend several apparatuses at the saune time, whilst the apparatus
hitherto used require several hands to attend to them, and whilst they may

page_text: work usefully they are actually working only about the third part of a
working day.
My Invention being now described, and also the way in which the same is
or may be carried into effect, I would observe that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which have been described and
illustrated in the annexed Sheet of Drawings, as several variations might be
made in the fitting of several parts one to the other without deviating from
the main feature or principles of the Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me, are,-
In the apparatus shewn, Figures 1, 2, and 3,-First, the ring c, c, carrying
the perforated or wire cloth cylinder or cylinder of the centrifugal machine,
which ring is tied to the central shaft a, a, by 2, 3, or 4, or more arms, leaving
the bottom of the machine quite free.
Second, the circular plate g', 9', which forms the bottom of the apparatus,
the said circular plate being furnished with brushes at its under periphery is
fastened with the sleeve e, e, shewn on a larger scale, Figures 6 and 7; its
upper side can be either smooth or grooved, as shewn, Figure 5.
Third, the sleeve e, e, in combination with the central shaft a, a, the said
sleeve being furnished with two flanges f,f', betwixt which works the forked
end of a lever carrying rollers for lessening the friction when the lever brings
the sleeve up or down, the sleeve revolving with the shaft a, a, being con-
nected with it by two keys e', e", driven first through said shaft, whilst the
sleeve can slide freely up and down, because of its being slitted each side for
the free passage of the keys, the said sleeve being besides furnished at its
lower part with a shoulder bearing on a helical spring, which spring stands on
a shoulder carried by the shaft, the effect of the helical spring being to bring
back the sleeve and circular plate g', g'.
Fourtb, utilizing the centrifugal force of the circular plate, which when
lowered throws off in all directions the dried material falling down upon it
from the cylinder A, A, to gather or collect the said material in the cast-iron
casing or jacket. The cast-iron casing or jacket extending below around the
circular plate, which casing or jacket stops the dried material flung away by
the latter.
Fifth, the wire or hair brushes fitted around the under side of the circular
plate, to rub or scrape off the material falling down on the bottom of the
apparatus, and to drive it away through the funnelled aperture".
Sixth, the vertical ribbed plate ", fitted with brushes, shewn at Figure 12,
which can move back and forth to rub off the dried material sticking to the
periphery of the cylinder A.

page_text: In the apparatus shewn at Figure 11,-First, a perforated or wire cloth
cylinder or box, formed as in similar apparatuses, but without bottom, and
attached to the shaft by means of an armed ring, which is tied to the flanged
upper end of the cylinder.
Second, a funnel-shaped upper cylinder fastened to the lower one with
which it revolves.
Third, a lower clastic or pliable bottom, made either of cloth, leather, india-
rubber, or any other similar material, the said elastic or pliable bottom being
attached at its outer and inner peripheries on rings, as described, and carried
by arms X hinged on a central uave, the said arms being carried near the
other end by rods o", o", hinged on one side with tongues of the arins, and
on the other side on a moveable sleeve, as shewn, Figures 11 and 18, so that
the bottom of the apparatus cau be made quite free.
Fourth, the lower moveable sleeve 9, 9, disposed as in the first-described
apparatus, but carrying a piece H betwixt its shoulders, guided in its up-and-
down motion by rods, and actuated by ropes winding up on pulleys, which
contrivance is intended to move the sleeve 9 up and down for unfolding and
folding up the pliable bottom, the upward motion of the sleeve being assisted
by a helical spring carried by a shoulder of the central shaft p.
Fifth, the particular disposition of the shaft p, p, partly hollow, and fitted
with a central rod x, x, capable of moving up and down into the shaft, which
shaft carries it along in its rotary motion by means of two keys a¹, 21, as
described.
Sixth, the combination of an armed ring y¹ connected by a keyed sleeve to
the rod a, which carries along in its up-and-down motion in the hollow shaft
to rub off the dried material adhering to the periphery of the cylinder A.
Seventh, the contrivance o, o³, shewn separately in Figure 15, fitted at the
top of the rod x, x, to pull it up or down, as substantially described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frédéric Pierre Langenard, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Signed and sealed in the presence of
D'AUBRÉVILLE, C.E.
F. P. LANGENARD. (L.S.)