IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT TO FLUIDS APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CONDENSING OR COOLING
Year: 1882

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Duffy of 6 Prospect Street, Liverpool
IMPROVEMENTS
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for an Invention of
IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT TO FLUIDS APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
CONDENSING OR COOLING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas William Duffy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January 1882.
THOMAS WILLIAM DUFFY, of 6 Prospect Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT
TO FLUIDS APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CONDENSING OR COOLING"
This Invention has for object improvements in apparatus for transmitting heat
to fluids applicable also for condensing or cooling and has reference to an apparatus
so arranged that the two fluids viz., the one to be heated or condensed or cooled
and the one employed as the heating, condensing or cooling medium do not come
in contact with each other, but are retained in annular chambers formed by
corrugated tubes placed one inside another and abutting against ring flanges
connected by bolts which extend from flange to flange passing through the annular
chamber. The chambers are provided with all necessary fittings for inlet and
outlet of the fluid for the relief of excessive pressure, and for the admission of air
when required.
According to this Invention a cylindrical outer casing or shell flanged at each
end is provided with all necessary branches for inlet and outlet and also with a
safety valve. Each end is closed by a tube plate the same diameter as the flanges
of the shell. The upper tube plate is covered by a dished lid provided with a
steam inlet branch, safety valve and other fittings. The said plate is the same
diameter as the tube plate, so that one set of bolts secure the three parts together.
The lower tube plate is held between the outer casing and a suitable base which
has all necessary branches for conducting the condensed fluid away, also an
Within the outer shell or
air pipe branch used for aerating the condensed water.
casing corrugated tubes are arranged in such wise that between each pair an annular

page_text: space exists available for the passage or circulation of one of the two above mentioned
fluids. The relative diameters of the inner & outer tubes of a pair depend on the
space required for the fluid. The corrugated tubes are shorter than the distance
between the tube plates to allow the fluids to pass upwards or downwards between
the annular spaces. The tubes are corrugated in the form of a screw with a rounded
thread, the ends of the tubes are slightly flanged or turned over to fit into the ring
flanges which close the annular opening between the ends of each pair of corrugated
tubes. Small pipes afford communication between the outer sides of the tube
plates and the annular spaces between the corrugated tubes. The number of such
pipes is determined by the different capacities of the annular spaces. When the
apparatus is used in the distillation of salt water the steam passes through the
above mentioned small pipes into the closed annular spaces where it becomes
condensed by the action of the circulating water and falls through the lower small
pipes into the base where it is met and mixed with air. When desirable I electro
plate the corrugated tubes or other parts of the apparatus with a suitable metal so
that no injurious chemical action shall take place. Any number of pairs of tubes
may be placed inside each other, the outside shell being sufficiently large to allow
the cold water to circulate freely round. By making the tubes in the corrugated
form a greater heating or cooling surface is obtained in a given space and also
sufficient strength with thin tubes. By the before described arrangement any set
of tubes may be easily withdrawn for cleaning or repairs.
For procuring a blast of fresh air a small motor of suitable construction is fixed
on the steam pipe or other convenient place and is driven by steam which after-
wards enters the apparatus. This motor is arranged to actuate a suitable fan by
which the air is transmitted to the base or lower chamber or other suitable part
and is there mixed with the distilled water. A filter may be added to the apparatus
when required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas William Duffy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1882.
THOMAS WILLIAM DUFFY of 6 Prospect Street Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT
TO FLUIDS APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CONDENSING OR COOLING
This Invention has for object improvements in apparatus for transmitting heat
to fluids applicable also for condensing or cooling, and has reference to an
apparatus so arranged that the two fluids, viz., the one to be heated or condensed
or cooled, and the one employed as the heating, condensing or cooling medium do
not come in contact with each other, but are retained in annular chambers formed
by corrugated tubes placed one inside another and abutting against ring flanges
connected by bolts which extend from flange to flange passing through the
annular chambers. The chambers are provided with all necessary fittings for inlet
and outlet of these fluids for the relief of excessive pressure, and for the admission
of air when required.
According to this Invention a cylindrical outer casing or shell flanged at each
end is provided with all necessary branches for inlet and outlet and also with a
safety valve. Each end is closed by a tube plate the same diameter as the flanges
of the shell. The upper tube plate is coverd by a dished lid provided with a steam
inlet branch, safety valve, and other fittings. The said plate is the same diameter
as the tube plate so that one set of bolts secures the three parts together. The
lower tube plate is held between the outer casing and a suitable base which has all
necessary branches for conducting the condensed fluid away, also an air pipe
branch used for aerating the condensed water. Within the outer shell or casing
corrugated tubes are arranged in such wise that between each pair an annular
space exists available for the passage or circulation of one of the two above
mentioned fluids. The relative diameters of the inner and outer tubes of a pair
depend on the space required for the fluid. The corrugated tubes are.shorter than
the distance between the tube plates to allow the fluids to pass upwards or
downwards between the annular spaces. The tubes are corrugated in the form of
a screw with a rounded thread the ends of the tubes are slightly flanged or
turned over to fit into the ring flanges which close the annular opening between
the ends of each pair of corrugated tubes. Small pipes afford cummunication
between the outer sides of the tube plates and the annular spaces between the
corrugated tubes. The number of such pipes is determined by the different
capacities of the annular spaces. When the apparatus is used in the distillation of
salt water the steam passes through the above mentioned small pipes into the
closed annular spaces where it becomes condensed by the action of the circulating
water and falls through the lower small pipes into the base where it is met and
mixed with air. When desirable I clectro plate the corrugated tubes or other
parts of the apparatus with a suitable metal so that no injurious chemical action
shall take place. Any number of pairs of tubes may be placed inside each other
the outside shell being sufficiently large to allow the cold water to circulate freely
round. By making the tubes in the corrugated form a greater heating or cooling
surface is obtained in a given space and also sufficient strength with thin tubes.
By the before described arrangement any set of tubes may be easily withdrawn for
cleaning or repairs.
For procuring a blast of fresh air a sinall motor of suitable construction is fixed
on the steam pipe or other convenient place and is driven by steam which
afterwards enters the apparatus. This motor is arranged to actuate a suitable fan

page_text: by which the air is transmitted to the base or lower chamber or other suitable part
and is there mixed with the distilled water. A filter may be added to the
apparatus when required.
Referring now to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings. Fig. 1, is a vertical
central section of a condensing or cooling apparatus which may be used for
obtaining fresh water from salt water for drinking and other purposes, Fig. 2.
is a sectional plan of the same the upper half being a section in line 3, 4,
and the lower half a section in 1, 2, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3. is a vertical section of an
apparatus for condensing steam suitable for the surface condenser of a stea:n
engine. Fig. 4. shews one method of strengthening the ends of the corrugated
tubes and of making a tight joint between them and the ring flanges, it also shews
a hollow tie rod by which the two ring flanges are drawn towards each other,
Fig. 5 is a similar section taken through one of the small pipes cast on the ring
flanges to afford communication between the outer side of the tube plate and one
of the annular spaces. Fig. 6. is a similar view to Fig. 4 shewing another method
of strengthening the ends of the tubes. Fig. 7. illustrates a modified arrangement
of pipes for affording communication between the outer side of the tube plate and
one of the annular spaces. Fig. S. is a similar view to Fig. 6, with a solid tie rod
in place of the hollow one. J. Fig. 1, is a cylindrical outer casing or shell flanged
at each end and serving to enclose the corrugated tubes. It stands upon a hollow
base G. and is provided with an inlet C. and outlet D. for the circulating water.
Upon the top of the casing and between it and the dished lid, is a tube plate F.
while a similar plate is fixed between the bottom of the casing and the base G.
The dished cover bears a safety valve and is provided with an inlet A for steam.
The safety valve may be connected to the opening R. if more convenient. The
base has outlets B. B. for water resulting from the condensation of the steam and
an inlet E. for air. Within the casing J. are a number of concentric corrugated
tubes arranged in pairs, each pair abutting at each of their ends against ring
flanges P. and enclosing an annular chamber H. Communication is afforded
between each of these annular chambers and the outer sides of the tube plates by
small pipes L. L. Figs, 5 and 7. illustrate two methods of forming these pipes.
In Fig. 5. they are cast on and form part of the ring flanges, and are of such a
length that when the tube plates are bolted into their places they bear strongly
against the ends of the tubes. To secure them a hollow set screw K. passes through
the tube plate and is screwed into each tube. In Fig. 7 the pipes are screwed
into the ring flanges and pass completely through the tube plate, the joints being
made with back nuts. To make water tight joints between the ring flanges and
the ends of the corrugated tubes the rings are drawn towards each other by hollow
tie rods O. as in Figs. 4 and 6. or solid tie rods S. as in Fig. 8. The ends of the
tubes enter grooves or channels in the ring flanges, and are strengthened by the hoops
of circular section such as M. M. Figs. 4 and 5 or of rectangular section Figs. 6, 7,
and 8. The grooves are lined with any suitable material such as soft metal, hemp,
india rubber, red lead etcetra. The action of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 1. when
it is applied to condensing steam produced from salt water is as follows. The
steam enters at A. and fills the space between the upper tube plate F. and the
dished cover. From thence it flows through the communicating pipes L. L. into
the closed annular chambers H H in which it is condensed, and escapes as water by
the lower communicating pipes L. L. into the hollow base G. where if desired it
may be aerated by a blast of air entering at E. From the chamber it may be led
through a filter to a reservoir. The circulating water is drawn or forced into
the casing at C and rising through the concentric annular spaces I. I. left between
the closed annular chambers H. H absorbs the heat imparted to the walls of the
chambers by the steam within them and leaves the apparatus at D. In Fig. 3.
which illustrates an apparatus according to this Invention for condensing the
steam from a steam engine the cooling medium circulates through the closed
annular chambers which in this view are marked 1. I. while the steam is condensed
A is the steam
in the intervening annular spaces H. H. between the chambers.

page_text: inlet B, the outlet to the air pump. C. inlet for circulating water, D. outlet for
same In other respects the apparatus is similar to that shewn in Fig. 1. except
that the communicating pipes K. K are of the same construction as those shewn
to a large scale in Fig. 7. In an apparatus for converting salt water into fresh
water I consider silver or tin the most suitable metals with which to electroplate
or otherwise coat the tubes or other parts of the apparatus.
Fig. 9 is a vertical central section of an apparatus for heating air or water by
means of a coal, coke, or charcoal fire.
Fig. 10 is a similar view of an apparatus for the same purpose heated by gas.
Fig. 11 is a half sectional plan of Fig. 9, the section being taken in line 5-6.
Fig. 12 shews a plan of the coil I (Figs. 9 and 10)
The principle difference between the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 and
those illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 is that in the former there is substituted for one
or both of the tube plates and the spaces or chambers adjoining, a coiled tube, or
coiled tubes I which is or are in communication with the annular spaces I I.
F (Fig. 9) is the fire grate, H² space traversed by products of combustion
proceeding to the chimney 16. The air or water to be warmed enters at C and
leaves at D.
A2 A2 Fig. 10 are Bunsen gas burners which may be situated if found desirable
under a mass or body of asbestos 17, from which they are separated by grate
bars F. 18 are inlet holes for air to support combustion.
It will be evident apparatus according to this Invention may be used with
advantage for heating greenhouses, mansions etc., etc., and as a cooler in
breweries etc.
Having described the nature of tho said Invention and the manner of performing
it, I desire it to be understood that I do not claim generally the use of one tube
within another in apparatus for transmitting heat to fluids or for condensing or
cooling but what I do claim is:-
1. The use in apparatus substantially as and for the purposes hereinabove
described of corrugated concentric tubes or casings united at their ends in pairs by
ring flanges substantially as specified.
2, In apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claim making the joints
between the ring flanges and the corrugated tubes or casings substantially as
hereinabove described and illustrated in the Drawings.
3, In apparatus of the kind referred to in the first claim forming the ring
flanges P with pipes L to afford communication between the closed annular
chambers and the outer sides of the tube plates, such pipes being secured by hollow
set screws substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5.
4, In apparatus for condensing or cooling, utilizing part of the energy of the
entering steam to drive a fan for aerating the condensed water substantially as
described.
5, The improved apparatus with corrugated concentric tubes or casings for
condensing and cooling, applicable also for transmitting heat to fluids constructed
arranged and operating as shewn in and described with reference respectively to
Figs. 1 and 2 and to Fig. 3 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas William Duffy have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty second day of April in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
THOMAS WILLIAM DUFFY. (L.S.)