Improvements in Spinning, Doubling, Roving, Twisting, and Re-doubling Machinery.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 6th Jan., 1888
Improvements in Spinning, Doubling, Roving, Twisting, and
Re-doubling Machinery.
We ALEXANDER MCCULLOCH, 6 Panmuro Street, Civil Engineer, ALEXANDER
CARRIE, Ward Road, Spinning Overseer, and DAVID OGILVIE, Ward Road, Mechanic
all of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
;
It relates to machines used for Spinning, Doubling, Roving, Twisting, and
Re-doubling and is specially designed for twisting, and winding the yarn or thread,
as it leaves the drawing rollers, directly into cops, either on the bare spindle or on
spools, tubes or bobbins. For convenience of reference we will number the following
paragraphs in their order.
1. For coping on the bare spindle we make the upper part of blade of each spindle
slightly smaller than lower part the one size tapering into the other. This is to admit
of the cop being built on the spindle and to allow the former to move gradually up
on the latter as the cop is built, and remain in position, by the frictional contact
between the cop and the spindle as the former moves up. The portion of spindle on
which the lower end of cone, after described, works is made of such a shape in cross
section as to revolve the cone, while it allows the latter freedom to travel up & down.
The lower part of spindle from neck rail downwards may be of any of the usual
forms and fitted with wharve to revolve spindle.
2. On each spindle we place a hollow cone the lower end of which is attached to
lifter rail and traverses with it but it is left free to revolve with spindle.
3. Outside this cone we mount on the lifter rail what we call a follower. This
follower consists of a ring or collar, which contains a flange on lower edge suitable
for applying a light drag and an arm or arms, with hooks or eylets on upper edge to
guide thread to cop. The follower traverses with the lifter rail and is driven by the
thread of the material and consequently revolves at a slower rate than the spindle.
The thread from lower eyelet or book of follower passes over upper edge of cone on
its way to cop; but there may be a pad interposed between thread and upper edge of
cone, such pad being attached to follower.

page_text: 4. We effect the up and down traverse of lifter rail by placing a cam on the end of
frame with suitable attachments as in an ordinary Jute or Flax Spinning Frame. We
make this cam, preferably, of such a shape and revolve it at such a rate, as to form a
cop with a conical lower end and lay the thread on in a spiral form of about the same
pitch during both the upward & downward traverses, except at top and bottom of
traverse, where the thread will be wound on about level. The cam may however be
of any other suitable shape such as to wind on the thread in nearly level layers
during the upward traverse and in an open spiral layer during the downward traverse
or vice-versa. Instead of effecting the up and down traverso as already described it
may be effected by cams fixed on a shaft parallel to and under or alongside of lifter
rail, and made to revolve in connection with the gearing at either end of frame. The
traverse may also be effected by any other suitable means.
5. The frame otherwise may be of the ordinary construction of what are known as
"Throstle Frames." The action of the apparatus is as follows The machine having
been put in motion assuming the lifter rail at the bottom of its traverse the thread is
twisted by the revolutions of the follower and wound direct on the thicker part of the
spindle above lifter rail-being guided thereto by eyelet or hook on follower and
upper edge of cone, with or without pad. As the thread is wound on the spindle,
and a cop thereby formed, each upward traverse of the lifter rail, with cone attached
and revolving with spindle, lifts the cop up on the spindle by a certain amount till it
is completed.
6. For the follower a ring & traveller may be substituted as in ordinary ring
spinning.
7. In the case of tubes, spools or bobbins being used the exterior of these would be
of the same form as described for spindle, and the cop would move on these as
described for spindle.
8. Instead of revolving the spindle direct with wharve, we may use an inverted
flyer with wharve, mounted on lifter rail (which might also be used as neck rail) and
put on the twist by revolving the flyer & revolve the spindle by the thread of the
material the apparatus being otherwise as already described. Or we may mount
the inverted flyer on the neck rail, which would be stationary, and convert the step
rail or its equivalent into a lifter rail and we may add an additional rail under neck
rail either fixed or connected by standards to step rail and move with it. In such a
case the cop would be forced up by resting in the hollow cone at lower end of
Traverse the cone, though it may revolve with spindle, either remaining stationary
as to height along with flyer, or traversing with it as the caso may be. The follower,
& Ring & Traveller along with cone, described at pars. 2, 3, 5 & 6 might also be
mounted in same way and the traverse effected by the spindle moving up and down.
9. To vary the drag while the thread is being wound on at the point & base of the
cone respectively, we fix a pulley or boss on lower end of spindle in the case described
at Par. 8. A light bar or rod is made to move from right to left and vice versa, in
a suitable path in connection with the up and down traverse of the lifter rail.
On this bar or rod a suitable cord for each spindle is fixed and passed round the
nave of follower or pulley referred to, as the case may be, and across a nick in a
raised ledge on front edge of lifter rail and allowed to hang down in front with
a small weight on end. This cord at weighted end can be shifted to right or left
to regulate the drag for each spindle as required; and the movement of fixed end,
along with bar or rod from right to left can be increased or diminished to suit
the greater drag required when the thread is being wound round the outer part of
cop at base of cone.
10. Instead of the thread passing over upper edge of cone on its way to cop,
the hollow cone may be kept shorter than full length of conical end of cop and the
thread guided to cop by by hook or eyelet on follower only; or by the traveller in
the case of a ring being used. In such a case the arm or arms on upper edge of
follower might be attached rigidly, or might be attached in such a way as to swivel
and make a suitable pad rub against upper edge of cone when tension of thread
on its way to cop was too great, & so made the cone carry round follower and relieve

page_text: and regulate the tension; and the arm or arms on follower might also be made to
rub a pad on the rail on which follower was mounted, when thread was too slack,
and so retard the follower till thread again acquired a suitable amount of tension.
In the case of a ring being used instead of a follower the traveller might also be
provided with suitable pads, and arranged so as to effect the same purpose that is to
regulate the tension on the thread.
11. To prevent balooning, & also to aid in regulating the tension on the thread
on its way to cop, we may place a ring on spindle above cop. This ring has an arm
with eyelet through which the thread passes and it revolves with the thread.
12. The foregoing part of the Specification describes the modus operandi for
spinning but we desire it to be understood that the improvements are also applicable
to doubling, roving, twisting, & re-doubling machines, & the treatment of theso
respective machines, so far as our improvements are concernel, is the same as that
described for spinning. The machines may be made of any size and to suit any
number of spindles, although our description has been limited to one spindle.
1
1007

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spinning, Doubling, Roving, Twisting, and
Redoubling Machinery.
WC, ALEXANDER MCCULLOCп, of 6 Panmure Street, Dundee, Civil Engineer,
ALEXANDER CARRIE, lately of Ward Road, Dundee, but now of Baldragon, near
Dundee, Spinning Overseer, and DAVID OGILVIE, lately of Ward Ioad, Dundeo, but
now of West March, Monifieth, near Dundee, Mechanie, all in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
Our said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and operation of
machinery for spinning or twisting fibrous materials; and in carrying out our
Invention we wind the fibrous materials as they are spun or twisted in the form of
inverted cops on vertical spindles, such winding taking place at one part of each
spindle and the cop being pushed upwards along the spindle as it is gradually formed.
The spun or twisted material passes on to the spindle over the upper edge of a hollow
inverted cone which rotates with the spindle and is carried by a rail to which the up
and down traverse motion is imparted. The cone is shaped interiorly to fit the
conical surface of the cop, and it pushes the cop up a little along the spindle cach
time it rises with the traverse motion. In one modification there is outside of the
cone a follower or ring which rotates in the same direction as the spindle but does so
at a somewhat slower rate, a weighted drag cord or other suitable frictional appliance
being used if necessary; and this ring has fixed in it one or more wire or other
suitable guides. The fibrous material, or yarn, or strand, or pair or set of yarns or
strands descends from a point at a suitable height above and in the line of the spindle
and proceeds to the guide wire or wires of the ring and thence over the rounded edge
of the cone to the spindle, being spun or twisted by the rotation of the ring and being
wound on the spindle in consequence of the slightly quicker rotation of the spindle.
The rotation of the ring or follower is caused by the action of the spindle through
the thread or fibrous material this action being assisted by the cone when the thread
moves in contact therewith. In another modification a fixed ring with a traveller is
employed instead of the rotating ring.
Instead of the material being wound on the bare spindle it may be wound on a tube,
spool, or bobbin placed on the spindle to receive it.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same may
be properly understood we hereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings to be
hereinafter referred to and representing spinning or twisting machinery as made with
our improvements.
Figure, 1, of the drawings is a vertical section showing one spindle and some other
parts. Figure, 2, is a horizontal section. Figure, 3, is a sectional elevation partly
corresponding to figure, 1. Figure, 4, is a vertical section showing the fixed-ring-

page_text: and-traveller arrangement; figures, 5, and 6, show the application of tubes or bobbins
on the spindle. Figure, 1 A, is a vertical section showing a modification of certain
parts shown in figure, 1; and figure, 2 A, shows the form of cam which we prefer to
use for working the traverse. In these drawings the same reference numerals are
used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
For copping on the bare spindle as shown in figures, 1, to 4, we make the upper
part or blade, 7, of the spindle, 8, slightly smaller than the lower part, 9, on which
the material is wound. The desired formation is conveniently obtained by making
the lower part, 9, square (with by preference rounded corners) as shown in figure, 2,.
with the upper part, 7, round, the transition from the square to the round being
gradual. The square part, 9, is well adapted for winding on the material and also
serves for driving the cone, 10, whilst the smaller part, 7, allows the cop to be moved
up with sufficient facility without its becoming too loose upon it. The cone, 10, whilst
free to rotate with the spindle, 9, is attached to the traverse rail, 11, so as to be moved
up and down thereby. The lower end or nozzle of the cone, 10, is entered down
through a collar, 12, fixed to the rail, 11, and is secured by means of a ring and a
screw nut, 13, put on below the rail. The collar, 12, may be fixed to the rail, 11, in
the manner shown in figure, 1A, that is, with a neck passing down through a hole in
the rail, a nut being screwed on the neck below the rail. The collar, 12, has formed
on it a cylindrical part encircling the cone, 10, and having loose on its outside a ring
or follower, 14, in which there is fixed one or as we prefer two wire or other suitable
guides, 15, 16. When there are two guides, one, 15, projects above the cone, 10,
and the yarn or material is led first through its hook or curl and then to the other, 16,
which is below the top of the cone, 10, and proceeds thence over the edge of the cono
to the spindle, 9. One or both guides, 15, 16, may be arranged to lead the thread or
fibrous material in contact or not, with the cone, 10, as may be considered best in each
case. The follower or ring is made with a small cup, 17, at one side to receive a
lubricant.
The spindle, 8, may be driven in any suitable known way. To enable the worker to
stop the motion of the spindle, 8, when required, a foot lever, 18, is provided, this lever
being made with an arui provided with a brake block, 19, to bear on the spindle, and
being counterweighted to remove the brake block when the worker's foot is takon
away.
The traverse rail, 11, may he worked by any suitable known mechanism. In the
arrangement shown in figure, 3, the traverse rail, 11, is fixed to the upper ends of
pokers or vertical rods, 35, guided in the framing rails, 20, 21; and the pokers, 35, are
adjustably attached, each by means of an arm, 22, to a chain, 23, fixed to a pulley, 24,
on a shaft, 25. At one end this shaft, 25, has on it by an arm, an arc, 26, to which
is attached one end of a chain, 27, having its other end attached to an adjustable rod
or link, 28, connected to a lever, not shown, but which is acted on by a
"heart" cam,
of the form shown in figure, 2 A, or a cam shaped to give whatever particular traverso
motion is considered desirable.
In the modification shown in figure, 4, the well known ring-and-traveller arrange-
ment is used in combination with the conc, 10, which rotates with the spindle, 9.
The ring, 29, is fixed to the traverse rail, 11, and the split ring or traveller runs
round it, as is well understood, the yarn or material passing from the traveller over the
edge of the cone, 10, to the spindle, 9.
When starting to wind a cop on the bare spindle a conical base piece, 30, (figure 1)
is by preference placed on the spindle at the lower end of the part, 7, and rises with
the cop as the latter is gradually formed and pushed up. When thought desirable the
spindle, 7, may be made a little shorter to facilitate the removal of the cop.
When tubes, spools, or bobbins are used, as indicated in figures, 5, and 6, these, or
the parts of thein on which the material is wound are to be shaped like the spindlo
parts, 7, 9, figure, 1, that is with the lower part slightly larger externally than the
other part, so that the cop may move up upon them in the same way as on the barc
spindle. The spindle, figures, 5, 6, is of course shaped to fit the interiors of the
tubes, 31; and for a fastening the upper end of the spindle may be screwed like a

page_text: flyer spindle, the tube, spool, or hobbin, 31, being formed with an internally screwed
end or head, 82, to screw upon the spindle as shown in figure, 5, or in the case of a
plain tube of paper or other material it may be held on by a nut, 33, screwed on the
spindle as shown in figure, 6.
A short tube, 34, is placed on the spindle, 8, hetween the neck bearing and the
wharve or pulley fixed on the spindle for driving it, the purpose of the tube being to
prevent the spindle from being lifted when the cop is being pushed up. The
traverse motion may be imparted to the spindle, 8, instead of the rail, 11.
The foregoing part of the Specification describes the modus operandi for spinning
but we desire it to be understood that the improvements aro also applicable to
doubling, roving, twisting, and re-doubling machines, and the treatment of these
respective machines, so far as our improvements are concerned, is the same as
that described for spinning. The machines may be made of any size and to suit
any number of spindles, although our description has been limited to one spindle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1-For spinning or twisting fibrous materials, the combination of a rotating spindle,
with a rotating hollow inverted cone driven by the spindle, and having a traverse
motion, and a rotating follower or ring external to the cone and provided with one or
more wire or other suitable guides, the parts being arranged and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2-The combination claimed in the first claim but with a fixed ring and traveller
instead of the rotating follower or ring, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3-The combinations claimed in the first and second claims but with the traverse
motion imparted to the spindle instead of to the cone-carrying rail substantially as
herein before described.
4-The spindle made to extend through or nearly through the completed cop but
with the part on which the fibrous material is wound slightly larger than the part on
to which the cop is gradually moved substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described.
5 The combination of the hollow cone and spindle, the cone rotating with the
spindle, but having a relative traverse movement by which the cop is gradually moved
along the spindle substantially as hereinbefore described.
6-Forming a tube or the tubular part of a spool or bobbin to fit upon a suitably
shaped spindle and to be externally slightly larger at the part on which the fibrous
material is wound than at the remaining part substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-second day of November 1987
EDMUND HUNT, 40
Applicants' Agent.