Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Drying Spent Grain and the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 30th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 4th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Drying Spent Grain
and the like.
I, FRIEDRICH ERNST OTTO, of Dortmund, in the Empire of Germany,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to drying apparatus or appliances in which the steam, hot
air or the like used for the purpose of drying is caused to pass, consecutively or
simultaneously, through a number of double sides or double walled troughs or trays,
such troughs or trays being consecutively traversed by the material to be dried.
The adhesion of the material to the inner casing of the trough is prevented by a
stirring apparatus, agitator or paddle, fixed in the said troughs, and on account of the
speed of revolution or rotation imparted to the said paddle, such speed being in each
case in accordance with or corresponding to the degree of dampness or amount of
moisture of the material, the heating surfaces are thus utilized to the greatest
extent possible.
In order to increase the heating or drying effect, the steam can also be
conducted though a bunch or series of tubes, which are constructed to revolve in
the material to be dried, these tubes or pipes being so arranged that the spaces
between the same are greatest at the point where the material falls into the
trough, the said spaces gradually decreasing towards the outlet for the material
under treatment.
In consequence of this arrangement a stoppage or obstruction of the spaces
between the pipes or tubes is prevented as the material introduced into the trough
is always in a condition of greater dryness when passing the narrowest spaces.
In order to utilize the steam and heat issuing from the material to be dried it
is preferable to arrange the troughs in such a manner that the steam is always
compelled to pass along the base of the next succeeding trough, thus imparting its
warmth to the latter.
The chief advantage of my improved drying apparatus, is that the same permits
material or substances, containing a great amount of moisture and slime, to be
dried by a continuous treatment in the apparatus, without first removing a part of
the moisture therefrom by mechanical means, as for instance by squeezing or
pressing and thereby preventing the removal at the same time of valuable or
useful elements or parts of the material or substance under treatment.
Heretofore no drying apparatus or appliance has existed which heated alone
with steam of low pressure, would for instance permit the drying of spent grain or
malt residuum without first removing or carrying off some of the moisture contained
therein.
In my improved drying apparatus the double walled troughs or trays are
arranged one above the other. The steam or hot air which is introduced into the
top trough flows between the two walls of the trough through the whole length
of the same and passes through an outlet in the said trough and through a pipe
into the next succeeding trough or tray and so on.
The steam which passes from the lowest trough, flows through the hollow
bearing into the heating pipes and escapes eventually through the opposite bearing
pivot. The condensation water formed in the trough is let off by a suitable cock
or valve.
The stirring apparatus or paddles, inside the troughs, having their bearing in the
frames, are set in motion from a driving belt pulley, by means of other suitable
pulleys in such a manner that to each stirring apparatus or paddle of the several

page_text: troughs a different speed of rotation is imparted, which diminishes with the decrease
of the amount of moisture, that is to say with the increased dryness of the
material. For the reason that the highest speed is imparted to the stirring
apparatus or paddle in the first trough, no time is given to the drying and perhaps
sticky material or substance to adhere to the sides of the trough, besides this the
material is more often brought into contact with the heated surface, thereby
accelerating the evaporation. This arrangement therefore enables the greatest
possible use to be made of the heating or drying surfaces.
The material to be dried is poured through a funnel into the top trough and
after traversing this trough by the action of the stirring apparatus or paddle,
flows out at the opposite end through the connecting pipes into the next succeeding
trough, and so on until it eventually passes out of the apparatus through the
channel.
In the stirring apparatus or paddle, the blades or vanes are constructed of flat
iron, in order that the material by the revolving action of the said blades, may be
driven or cut asunder to the greatest possible extent, thereby ensuring a better
evaporation.
Behind the blades or vanes are fixed brushes which revolve with the former and
touch or scrape the inner surface of the trough and keep the same free from every
adhesion or deposit of the material, the agitating movement and the carrying
forward or removal of the material being however almost entirely accomplished by
the action of the aforesaid blades.
For the reason that the brushes are subjected to but a small amount of wear, an
accurate working is achieved so that even very moist and slimy substances or
material, can be dried in my improved apparatus by continuous treatment without
previously removing or expelling a part of the moisture contained in the
material.
In the stirring apparatus or paddle brushes are not employed, the blades or
vanes being bent in an upward direction at the sides, in such a manner that by the
action of the aforesaid blades, the material, which during the working of the
blades has reached a higher temperature may be thrown or caused to pass from one
side of the trough to the other.
The blades of the stirring apparatus which are also provided at the sides with
turned up edges or borders, are of such a shape or form that upon the falling of
the material they spread out the same to the greatest possible extent, to accomplish
this the said blades are made wider at their delivery edges than at the edges
where the material is received.
The heating pipes fixed in the inside of the stirring apparatus or paddle and
revolving with the same are so arranged and connected to the walls or partitions,
that the spaces between the different pipes are largest at the point where the
material enters the trough. For this reason, even very moist material cannot
block or fall too slowly through the spaces.
In accordance with the advance of the material and the consequent greater
amount of dryness, the heating pipes are made of larger diameter at one end as
shown so that the greatest possible heating surface is obtained in a given space.
To the stirring apparatus is imparted such a speed of rotation that the material
lifted by the blades of the same is caused to fall or descend at an angle of 40-50°,
between the heating pipes.
In order to utilize the steam that is to say, the heat, issuing from the drying
material, the former is caused to pass through an opening into the part or space
situated under the trough, from which it passes through a pipe into the space
below the next succeeding trough, and eventually escapes through a pipe into the
ventilator chimney attached to the latter trough.
The steam issuing from the lower trough passes through a pipe or passage
directly into the space below the upper trough.
This suction of the evaporation gases can be increased by artificial ventilation.

page_text: Openings provided in the supply pipe or funnel allow the direct supply of air
from the outside to the material to be dried.
Dated this 6th day of August 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Drying Spent Grain
and the like.
1, FRIEDRICH ERNST OTTO, of Dortmund in the Empire of Germany
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to drying apparatus or appliances, in which the steam, hot
air or the like, used for the purpose of drying is caused to pass, consecutively or
simultaneously, through a number of double sided or double walled troughs or
trays, such troughs or trays being consecutively traversed by the material to be
dried. The adhesion of the material to the inner casing of the trough is prevented
by a stirring apparatus, agitator or paddle, fixed in the said troughs, and on
account of the speed of revolution or rotation imparted to the said paddle, such
speed being in each case in accordance with or corresponding to the degree of
dampness or amount of moisture of the material, the heating surfaces are thus
utilized to the greatest extent possible.
In order to increase the heating or drying effect, the steam can also be conducted
through a bunch of tubes, which are constructed to revolve in the material to be
dried, these tubes or pipes being conical or tapering and so arranged that the
spaces between the same are greatest at the point where the material falls into
the trough, the said spaces gradually decreasing towards the outlet for the material
under treatment.
In consequence of this arrangement a stopping or obstruction of the spaces
between the pipes or tubes is prevented as the material introduced into the trough
is always in a condition of greater dryness when passing the narrowest spaces.
In order to utilize the steam and heat issuing from the material to be dried it is
preferable to arrange the troughs in such a manner that the steam is always
compelled to pass along the base of the next succeeding trough, thus imparting its
warmth to the latter.
The chief advantage of my improved drying apparatus, is that the same permits
material or substances, containing a great amount of moisture and slime, to be
dried by a continued treatment in the apparatus, without first removing a part of
the moisture therefrom by mechanical means, as for instance by squeezing or
pressing and thereby preventing the removal at the same time of valuable or useful
elements or parts of the material or substance under treatment.
Heretofore no drying apparatus or appliance has existed which heated alone
with steam of low pressure, would, for instance permit the drying of spent grain or
malt residuum without first removing or carrying off some of the moisture contained
therein.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown how my invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Fig. 1 is a cross section of my improved drying apparatus, and
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same.
In my improved drying apparatus the double walled troughs or trays A, are
arranged one above the other. The steam or hot air which is introduced into the
top trough at a, flows between the two walls of the trough through the whole
length of the same and passes through an outlet at 6, and through the pipe cinto
the next succeeding trough or tray and so on.

page_text: The steam which passes from the lowest trough, flows through the hollow
journal d into the heating pipes e and escapes eventually through the opposite
journal pivot d. The condensation water formed in the trough is let off by a
suitable cock or valve at f
The stirring apparatus or paddles, e inside the troughs, having their
bearings in the frames B, are set in motion from a driving belt pulley, by means
of other suitable pulleys in such a manner that to each stirring apparatus or
paddle of the several troughs a different speed of rotation is imparted, which
diminishes with the decrease of the amount of moisture, that is to say with the
increased dryness of the material. For the reason that the highest speed is
imparted to the stirring apparatus or paddle in the first trough, no time is given
to the drying and perhaps sticky material or substance to adhere to the sides of
the trough, besides this the material is more often brought into contact with the
heated surface, thereby accelerating the evaporation. This arrangement therefore
enables the greatest possible use to be made of the heating or drying surfaces.
The material to be dried is poured through the funnel D into the top trough and
after traversing this trough by the action of the stirring apparatus or paddle, flows
out at the opposite end through the connecting pipes E, into the next succeeding.
trough, and so on until it eventually passes out of the apparatus through the
channel F.
In the stirring apparatus or paddle C, the blades or vanes are constructed of
flat iron, in order that the material, by the revolving action of the said blades,
may be driven or cut asunder to the greatest possible extent, thereby ensuring a
better evaporation.
Behind the blades or vanes are fixed brushes which revolve with the former
and touch or scrape the inner surface of the trough and keep the same free from
every adhesion or deposit of the material, the agitating movement and the carrying
forward or removal of the material being however almost entirely accomplished by
the action of the aforesaid blades.
For the reason that the brushes are subjected to but a small amount of wear,
an accurate working is achieved so that even very moist and slimy substances or
material, can be dried in my improved apparatus, by continued treatment
without previously removing or expelling a part of the moisture contained in
the material.
In the stirring apparatus or paddle C, brushes are not employed, the blades or
vanes being bent in an upward direction at the sides as in ordinary shovels both
ends however being open so that by the action of the aforesaid blades, the material,
which during the working of the blades has reached a higher temperature, may be
thrown or caused to pass from one side of the trough to the other.
9
The blades of the stirring apparatus C which are also provided at the sides
with turned up edges or borders, are of such a shape or form that upon the falling
of the material they spread out the same to the greatest possible extent, to
accomplish this the said blades are made wider at their delivery edges than at the
edges where the material is received. Under the term "delivery" edges is under-
stood the inside edge of the blades g, since on following the motion of said blades
it will be found that the outward edges pick up the material whilst the inner edges
deliver the same.
The heating pipes e fixed in the inside of the stirring apparatus or paddle and
revolving with the same are so arranged and connected to the walls or partition i,
that the spaces between the different pipes e, are largest at the point where the
material enters the trough. For this reason, even very moist material cannot block
or fall too slowly through the spaces.
In accordance with the advance of the material and the consequent greater
amount of dryness, the heating pipes e, are made of larger diameter, at one
end as shown so that the greatest possible heating surface is obtained in a
given space.
To the stirring apparatus C", is imparted such a speed of rotation that the

page_text: material lifted by the blades of the same is caused to fall or descend at an angle of
40-50°, between the heating pipes c.
In order to utilize the steam, that is to say, the heat, issuing from the drying
material, the former is caused to pass through the opening into the part G
situated under the trough C', from which it passes into the space G₁ through the
pipe, situated under the trough C, and eventually escapes through the pipe l
into the ventilator chimney H, attached to the trough C.
The steam issuing from C₁, passes through ', directly into the space G'.
This suction of the evaporation gases can be increased by artificial ventilation.
Openings provided at m, in the supply pipe or funnel E allow the direct supply
of air from the outside to the material to be dried.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination with a drying apparatus, consisting of a number of double
walled troughs A, of steain or hot air supplies a b c, a funnel D, connecting pipes F
for conducting the material to be dried into the next succeeding troughs, and means
for stirring or agitating the material passing through the said troughs substantially
as described.
2. The combination, with a drying apparatus consisting of a number of double
walled troughs A, of steam or hot air supplies a b c, a funnel D, connecting pipes E
for conducting the material to be dried into the next succeeding troughs and an
agitator C provided with blades g behind which are arranged revolving brushes h
to prevent the adhesion of the material substantially as described.
3. The combination, in a drying apparatus consisting of a number of double
walled troughs A, of steam or hot air supplies a bc, a funnel D, connecting pipes E
for conducting the material to be dried into the next succeeding trough, and an
agitator C provided with blades y and with central heating pipes e of a conical or
tapering forin substantially as described.
Dated this 30th day of April 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.