IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERY, LIME, AND OTHER KILNS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Young Darracott Scott, of Ealing, in the
County of Middlesex, Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERY, LIME, AND OTHER KILNS."
Sealed the 25th March 1870, and dated the 28th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Young Darracott
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th September 1869.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERY, LIME, AND
OTHER KILNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of "Improvemints in Pottery, Lime, and other Kilns
relates to certain improvements upon Inventions for improvements in
kilns for which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated respectively
August 15th, 1868, No. 2554, and March 30th, 1869, No. 960.

page_text: In carrying out my present Invention I make use of kilns resembling
in their general form such as are described in the Specifications of the
above referred to Letters Patent, in which partition walls or flues at
intervals are introduced so as to divide the kilns into compartments.
Where partition walls are used they are perforated to admit of the
passage of the gases of combustion to the chimney and are provided with
flues and inlets by which atmospheric air may be introduced into the
kiln in order to mingle with and consume the gaseous fuel resulting
from the imperfect combustion of the fuel in the fire-places.
My present improvements consist in the introduction of additional fire-
places or fuel receptacles intermediate between the end fire-places
described in the Specifications of the foregoing Patents and the chimney,
flues are also introduced at the upper part of the different chambers to
facilitate the smoking process and to get rid of superabundant unin-
flammable gases. I provide other flues, which may be formed either with
the mineral or material to be operated on, or as permanent flues on or in
the floor of the kiln and in such other parts of the kiln as are most
conducive to the equable distribution of temperature.
In lieu of the ordinary forms of fire-place I sometimes employ a fire-
place of novel construction adapted for the production of deoxydising
gases. I effect this by drawing atmospheric air and the volatile gases
of the fuel through the incandescent coke in the central regions of the
fire-places, and also by a further admission of air through openings lower
down. The joint gaseous product resulting from the upper and lower
air supply then passes into a chamber, where it is either brought into
contact with atmospheric air for its immediate consumption or is carried
some distance through the material to be calcined before its final ignition
is effected.
For the burning of bricks I sometimes employ kilns of the general
form as respects the smoking, calcining, and cooling chambers of their
compartments described under my Patent of March 30th, 1869, but I
place alongside of such series of compartments a second series of com-
partments of the same size and form, which are employed in order to dry

page_text: of the bricks into and out of the kiln, and from one chamber to the
other, I arrange them in moveable cages, which admit of being moved
both in a vertical and horizontal direction as may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Young Darracott Scott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of Middlesex,
Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, Her
special licence that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Young Darracott Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERY, LIME, AND OTHER
KILNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Young
Darracott Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings

page_text: hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) ==
This Invention of Improvements in Pottery, Lime, and other Kilns"
relates to certain improvements in the construction of kilns or ovens for
burning lime, cement, bricks, and other substances of analogous character
for which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated respectively August
Fifteenth One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, No. 2554, and
March Thirtieth One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 960 and
whereby a larger quantity of heat as compared with the fuel consumed is
made available than by the processes heretofore used.
In carrying out my present Invention I make use of kilns resembling
in their general form such as are described in the Specifications of the
above referred to Letters Patent in which any convenient number of
compartments are arranged in a series side by side, and combined to form
kilns. In these kilns partition walls or flues at intervals are introduced
so as to divide the kilns into compartments. In the following description
of
my Invention I use the terms "chamber" and "compartment" in
the same sense as they are used in the Specifications of the Patents just
referred to. These partition walls are arranged at intervals so as to
divide the kiln into compartments as just stated, and these walls are
perforated to admit of the passage of the gasses of combustion to the
chimney, and are provided with flues and inlets by which atmospheric
air
may be introduced into the kiln in order to mingle with and consume
the gaseous fuel resulting from the imperfect combustion of the fuel in
the fire-places.
My present improvements consists in the introduction of additional
fire places or fuel receptacles intermediate between the end fire-places
described in the Specifications of the foregoing Patents and the chimney.
The additional fire-places I form by preference in the walls which divide
the kilns into compartments, but they may also be constructed in the
walls of the kilns. Flues are also introduced at the upper part of the
different chambers and have exit openings at their summits to facilitate
the smoking process and to get rid of superabundant uninflammable gases
and such flues are provided with dampers or covers to regulate and con-
trol the escape of the gases. I provide other flues which may be formed
either with the mineral or material to be operated on, or permanent
flues on or in the floor of the kiln and in such other parts of the kiln as

page_text: are most conducive to the equable distribution of the heat from the fire-
places through the material to be calcined.
In the accompanying Drawings Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet I., repre-
sent one of the kilns for which I obtained Letters Patent dated. August
Fifteenth One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, No. 2554, but
constructed according to the present Invention. b, 6', are the additional
fire-places formed in the division walls of the compartments, and c, c', c³,
are flues formed in the material to be calcined; shews a brick flue
formed on the floor of the kiln; the object of these flues is to distribute
the heat equally from the fire-places through the materials in the kiln.
Fig. 4 represents the method of admitting heated atmospheric air by
means of flues formed above the fire-places in the perforated division
walls of the kilns. The air is warmed during its passage from m, m, in
Fig. 2 to the orifices o, o, shewn in the division wall, Fig. 4.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, Sheet II. represent the form of kiln for which
Letters Patent were granted to me March Thirtieth One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine, No. 960, but modified in accordance with my
present Invention.
The fire-places a, Fig. 5, are situated in the division walls of the
compartments in the lower portion of the calcining chambers. The
openings in the division walls above them shewn at 6 being perforated
for the emission of air. In some cases in order to extend the action of
the fires over a larger portion of the kiln I place the fire-places and
perforations alternately above and below the level of one another.
This arrangement is shewn at Fig. 6; a, a, being the fire-places,
and b, b, the openings in the division walls.
In lieu of the ordinary forms of fire-place I sometimes employ a fire-
place of novel construction but which is a modification of that described
in the Specification of my Patent dated 19th April One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine, No. 1200. This fire-place is adapted for the
production of deoxydizing gases.
My improvement consists in drawing atmospheric air and the volatile
gases of the fuel through the incandescent coke in the central regions of
the fire-places, and when it is necessary to regulate the temperature of
the flame passing into the calcining chamber I conduct the flame from
the furnace into an intermediate chamber, in which it can be mixed with
heated atmospheric air. This form of fire-place is shewn in Sheet III.

page_text: at Figures 9 and 10. a is the fire chamber; o, o, are the air inlets; d,
is the intermediate chamber for admixture with heated atmospheric air,
and b, b, b, the flame inlets into the kiln. This fire-place differs from
my previous Invention in having at the termination of the roof of the
hopper a shoulder 8, which forms a stop for the volatile gases given off t
from the fresh fuel in the hopper, and causes them to pass into the kiln
through the incandescent coke in the vertical chamber a. The fire-place
can thus be used for the generation of purely gaseous fuel, which may be
either consumed at once by admixture with air in the chamber d, or
carried to some distance through the material to be calcined before its
total ignition is effected.
For the burning of bricks I sometimes employ kilns of the general
form as respects the smoking, calcining, and cooling chambers of their
compartments, described in the Specification of my Patent of August
Fifteenth One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, No. 2554, but 1
modified and arranged in a series of compartments round a central
chimney. In adapting the kiln described in the Specification of my
Patent of March Thirtieth One thousand eight and hundred and sixty-
nine, No. 960, I place alongside of such series of compartments a second
series of compartments of the same size and form which are employed in
order to dry the bricks before they are introduced into the smoking
chamber. This object is effected by means of the warmth left in the
burned bricks when withdrawn from the cooling chamber. For facili-
tating the movement of the bricks into and out of the kiln, and from one
chamber to the other, I arrange them in moveable cages, which admit of
being moved both in the vertical and horizontal direction as may be
required.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Pottery,
Lime, and other Kilns," and having explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid,-
First. The employment of intermediate fire-places in combination
with the perforated division walls of kilns for calcining minerals (as
described in the Specifications of my former Patents herein referred to)
in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
Second. I claim the introduction of the shoulder or stop for the fuel in
continuation of the hopper (described in the Specification of my Patent

page_text: of 19th April One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 1200)
whereby the quantity of gaseous fuel produced in the fire-place is much
increased.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.