Improvements in and relating to Machinery Driving Belts and Bands.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machinery Driving Belts
and Bands.
1, JAMES DICK of the firm of R. and J. Dick, Manufacturers, Greenhead,
Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in machinery driving
belts and bands, and in the method or mode and means of manufacturing the same,
being a modification or development of the invention for which Letters Patent
No. 12254 of 1885 were granted.
The improvements essentially consist in composite machinery driving belts or
bands, and in the method of forming these out of a layer or layers of cotton or linen
canvas or other strong woven or textile fabric saturated and prepared on its
surfaces with one or more coatings of gutta-percha or balata solutions or their
compounds, in accordance with the Specification of the said former Patent
No. 12254 of 1885, in combination with a layer or layers of leather attached or
cemented by heat and pressure to each other, the surface of the leather for being
attached to the woven fabric being similarly prepared with a coating or coatings of
gutta-percha or balata solutions before being cemented thereto, the solvents being
all evaporated and the surfaces re-heated before attachment.
Under one arrangement, one ply or thickness of the canvas saturated and
prepared on both its surfaces with the gutta-percha solution as described, would be
attached to a single ply or layer of leather similarly coated and prepared on one of
its surfaces preferably the inner or hard surface of the leather and hide, this surface
having been previously well cleaned or shaved to a uniform thickness in an ordinary
leather shaving machine before receiving the coating. The leather and canvas so
prepared would be both exposed in a drying house to evaporate the naphtha or
other solvent used for the cementing solutions, before the surfaces of the two
materials were attached together by passing through rollers under pressure while
both prepared surfaces were heated before a fire or by currents of hot air.
this belt either the canvas or the leather may be made the driving surface working
next the pulleys,
With
By another arrangement a layer of leather would be similarly prepared and
attached at the same time between the pressing rollers to the opposite side of the
canvas which would be thus embedded between the two layers of leather one of
which would form the driving surface and yield inwards while passing round small
pulleys, while the other outer layer of leather would slightly stretch and leave the
canvas or central layer unstretched. For stronger belts, two or more layers of the
prepared canvas may be first cemented to each other and passed between the rollers
to attach same to one or two layers of leather as described. And for very strong
belts layers of prepared canvas and leather may be superimposed over each other
and cemented and attached as described alternately to any desired number and
thickness; that is there may be two layers of canvas to two of leather, or two layers
of canvas to three of leather, and so on in this way.
In the making of these belts, the leather would be first stretched before being
attached to the prepared canvas, and the whole would be preferably stretched after
being attached in the complete belt form, by ordinary powerful stretching appliances
before the belts and solutions became cold. In some cases for narrow belts, these
may be cut to the width desired out of broad layers of combined canvas and leather
prepared as described.

page_text: Rope machinery driving bands would be also made in this way by making the
combined layers of prepared canvas and leather equal in thickness to the diameter
of the rope and in cutting these up into narrow strips equal to the diameter
or width of the rope desired. These strips are then drawn or passed through
between cutting knives to form them approximately to the diameter or shape
desired, and then passed through between rollers with grooves to roll them to the
shape desired, either as round, or elliptical ropes or with V shaped gripping
surfaces on their inner side to work in V shaped grooves on the pulleys; and they
may be coated with a layer of gutta-percha solution or gutta-percha round their
outer surface before or while passing through the recessed shaping rollers.
In making these belts or bands, the canvas would be solutionized in webs of any
required length, which would be then cut up into the widths of belt desired for
the single or doubled-up thickness of canvas. But the layers of leather which can
only be cut from each hide in short lengths of the width desired, would require to
be treated and solutionized individually on one or both sides as required; and the
ends of each piece would be jointed by a long tapered "scarf" or wedge shaped
joint brought to a thin edge at the ends, so that the scarfed ends of each piece as
they were attached in succession to each other would be solutionized and jointed
the same as to the prepared canvas in passing through the rollers; and these scarf
jointed ends of the leather on opposite sides of the canvas would break bond, that
is no two joints of the leather on opposite sides of the canvas would be made at the
same cross section of the belt. The lengths of leather inay be all previously jointed
together at their ends previous to being passed through the rollers and joined to
the length of belt, and rivets or other equivalent fastenings may be used at the
joints.
Dated the 22nd March 1892.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machinery Driving Belts
and Bands.
I, JAMES DICK, of the firm of R. and J. Dick, Manufacturers, Greenhead,
Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement in writing, that is to say:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in machinery
driving belts and bands, and in the method or mode and means of manufacturing
the same, being a modification or development of the invention for which Letters
Patent No. 12,254 of 1885 were granted.
The improvements essentially consist in composite machinery driving belts, or
bands, and in the method of forming these out of a layer or layers of cotton or
linen canvas or other strong woven or textile fabric saturated and prepared on its
surfaces with one or more coatings of gutta-percha or balata solutions or their
compounds, in accordance with the Specification of the said former Patent
No. 12,254 of 1885 in combination with a layer or layers of leather attached or
cemented by heat and pressure to cach other, the surface of the leather which is
attached to the woven fabric being similarly prepared with a coating or coatings
of gutta-percha or balata solutions before being cemented thereto, the solvents
being all evaporated and the surfaces re-heated before attachment.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure 1 shows au edge view and Figure 2 a plan or face view of a piece of belt

page_text: in which one layer of canvas a and one layer or thickness of leather A, are
cemented together to form a driving belt in accordance with my improvements.
Figures 3 and 4 are corresponding edge and face views of a belt in which two
layers of canvas a, a, are cemented to each other and to one layer or thickness of
leather A.
Figure 5 is an edge view of a belt corresponding to Figure 1 showing the
cemented spliced lap joint A', of the lengths of leather A at the ends on the
continuous canvas layer a.
Figures 6 and 7 show edge and face views of a belt in which a layer of canvas a
is cemented to each opposite surface of a layer of leather A.
Figures 8 and 9 show edge and face views of a belt in which two layers of
canvas a, a, are cemented together between two outer layers of leather A, A.
Figure 10 is an edge view of a belt corresponding to Figures 8 and 9, showing
the spliced lap cemented joint A', of one of the leather layers A.
Figures 11 and 12 show edge and face views of a belt in which three layers of
leather A, are cemented with two layers of canvas u, between them. And
Figures 13 to 21 show sectional and side views of various forms of driving belts
or ropes made in accordance with my improvements in an analogous mauner to
that shown for the flat belts Figures 1 to 12.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 12 of these drawings:-Under one arrangement
as shown in Figures 1 and 2, one ply or thickness of the canvas a saturated and
prepared on both its surfaces with the gutta-percha solution, as hereinbefore
described, would be attached to a single ply or layer of leather A, similarly coated
and prepared on one of its surfaces preferably the inner or hard surface of the
leather and hide, this surface having been previously well cleaned or shaved and
roughened and it may be made to a uniform thickness in an ordinary leather
shaving machine before receiving the coating. The leather A, and canvas a so
prepared would in all cases be both exposed in a drying house to evaporate the
naptha or other solvent used for the cementing solutions, before the surfaces of the
two materials were attached together by passing through rollers under pressure
while both prepared surfaces were heated in front of a fire or by currents of hot.
air so as to melt or soften the solution on their surfaces to be attached together.
With this belt either the canvas a or the leather A, may be made the driving
surface working next the pulleys.
By another arrangement a layer of leather A would be similarly prepared and
attached at the same time between the pressing rollers to the opposite side of the
canvas a, as shown dotted in Figure 1, which would be thus embedded between
the two layers of leather A, A, one of which would form the driving surface and
yield inwards while passing round small pulleys, while the other outer layer of
leather A, would slightly stretch and leave the canvas or central layer a
unstretched; or vice versa one layer of leather A, may be cemented between two
layers of prepared canvas, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, in which case both surfaces
of the leather would be cleaned and coated with solution. For stronger belts, two
or more layers of the prepared canvas a may be first cemented to each other and
passed between the rollers to attach same to one layer of leather A, as shown in
Figures 3 and 4 or similarly between two layers of leather A, A, as shown in
Figures 7 and 8. And for very strong belts, layers of prepared canvas a, in one,
two, or more thicknesses and leather A, may be superimposed over each other
and cemented and attached while being passed through the rollers, all as described,
alternately to any desired number and thickness; that is there may be two layers
of canvas a to two of leather A, or two layers of canvas a, to three of leather A,
and so on in this way.
In the making of these belts, the leather A, would be first stretched before
being attached to the prepared canvas a and the whole would be preferably
stretched after being attached in the complete belt form, by ordinary powerful
stretching appliances before the belts and solution became cold.
In making these belts, the canvas a would be solutionized in webs of any required

page_text: length, which would be then cut up into the widths of belt desired for the single
double, or triple thickness of canvas. But the layers of leather A which can only
be cut from each hide in short lengths of the width desired, would require to be
cleaned, treated and solutionized individually on one or both sides as required;
and the ends of each piece would be jointed by a long tapered "scarf" or wedge
shaped lap joint, as shown at A' in Figures 5 and 10 brought to a thin edge at the
ends, so that the scarfed ends of each piece as they were attached in succession to
each other would be solutionized and jointed the same as to the prepared canvas a
in passing through the rollers; and these scarf jointed ends A¹ of the leather A. on
opposite sides of the canvas a would break-bond, that is, no two joints A' of the
leather A on opposite sides of the canvas a would be made at the same cross section
of the belt. The lengths of leather A, may be all previously jointed together at
their ends previous to being passed through the rollers and joined to the length of
canvas, and rivets or other equivalent fastenings may be used at the thin scarfed
edges of the joints. In some cases for narrow belts, these may be cut to the width
desired out of broad layers of combined canvas and leather prepared as described.
Or be cut and built into narrow deep bands to form driving ropes, as shown in
Figures 13 to 21. That is, rope machinery driving bands may be also built,
cemented and made in this way by making the combined layers of prepared canvas a
and leather A, equal in thickness to the diameter of the rope and in cutting these
up into narrow strips equal to the diameter or width of the rope desired. These
strips are then drawn or passed through between cutting knives to form them
approximately to the diameter or shape desired, as shown in Figure 13 with the
corners cut off, and then passed through other cutters and between rollers with
grooves to roll them to the shape desired, either as round ropes as shown in end
and side view in Figures 14 and 15, or elliptical ropes, as shown in end and side
view in Figures 16 and 17 or as angled ropes with V shaped side gripping surfaces
on their sides, as shown in end and side view in Figures 18 and 19, either with the
layers of prepared canvas'a and leather A, laid sideways as in the belts, or edge-
ways as in the end and side views Figures 20 and 21, to work in V shaped grooves B¹
on the pulley B, as indicated in Figures 18 and 20; and these ropes or bands may
be coated with a layer of gutta-percha solution or gutta-percha round or on their
outer gripping surfaces before or while passing through the recessed shaping rollers.
When the belts or bands are very thick it is preferred to cement the outer layers
of leather A together, without a layer of canvas a between them, as shown at A²,
and thus obtain a greater yielding action on the outer surface.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. Machinery driving belts and bands manufactured from one or more layers
or thicknesses of canvas or other woven or textile fabric prepared with gutta
percha solution in combination with one or more layers or thicknesses of leather
cemented by gutta-percha solution to said canvas, substantially as herein described
in reference to and by way of illustration shown under several applications in the
accompanying drawings.
Second. The herein described method of manufacturing machinery driving belts
and bands, consisting in preparing one or more layers of canvas or other woven or
textile fabric with gutta percha solution, and after the solvents have been evaporated
cementing said canvas under heat and pressure to one or more layers or thicknesses
of prepared leather, substantially as and in the manner set forth.
Dated the 19th December 1892.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.