IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING AND JOINING PIPES AND TUBES FOR TUNNELS, WATER, AND GAS PIPES, PNEUMATIC TUBES, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Williams, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING AND
JOINING PIPES AND TUBES FOR TUNNELS, WATER, AND GAS PIPES, PNEUMATIC
TUBES, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Sealed the 10th March 1876, and dated the 13th September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th September 1875.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAYING AND JOINING PIPES AND TUBES FOR TUNNELS, WATER, AND GAS PIPES,
PNEUMATIC TUBES, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-

page_text: The present Invention consists in joining together pipes and tubes for
the purposes above described, either by forming a vacuum in said pipes
and tubes, or by forcing water out of same by compressed air or other-
-wise. By preference I use the following arrangements :-I place in the
required position-a-double length pipe or tube consisting of two parts or
members, one fitting into the other, one of them being closed at one
end, the other end of which is fitted with a bulkhead, is_placed in the
end of the other part or member of the pipe or tube, which is also fitted-
with a bulkhead, but the end of this latter portion is open, so that by
adopting these arrangements in each length of tube or pipe a pressure
of, say, sixty feet of water at one end forces each in as against the
small quantity of two or three feet which will remain between the
bulkheads.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and-grant unto me, the said William Williams, Her special
licence that I, the said William Williams, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Williams, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time-and-at-all times thercafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAYING AND JOINING PIPES AND TUBES FOR TUNNELS, WATER, AND GAS PIPES,
PNEUMATIC TUBES, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Williams, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of

page_text: .
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Williams, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This Invention is in part further improvements upon the Invention
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me A.D. 1869,
No. 571.
The present Invention consists in joining together pipes and tubes for
the purposes above described, either by forming a vacuum in said pipes
and tubes when properly joined together, or by forcing or drawing the
water out of same when properly joined together by compressed air or
otherwise. Said pipes and tubes consist of a double length pipe or tube,
that is, of two parts or members, or of a series thereof, one part or
member fitting into the other, each length being closed, one end, as is
also the other end, being fitted with a bulkhead. In laying pipes
or tubes according to my Invention onc length or member is placed
in position; the next member is then so introduced that the end
of the second member comes opposite a socket of the first member, and
from the space between the bulkheads of the first and second members
the water in the same is forced or drawn out, so that by these arrange-
ments in each length of tube or pipe a pressure of, say, sixty fcet of
water at one end forces each in as against the small quantity of two or
three feet which will remain between the bulkheads. When all laid,
said bulkheads to be removed, or communication established through
them, as required.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and intimated generally in what manner the same is to be performed
or carried out in practice, I will now, with the aid of the accompanying
Drawings and the foregoing statements, proceed to further and particularly
describe and ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed or
carried out in practice, that is to say:☺
"

page_text: Figure 1 represents sectional elevation of my improvements. a, length of
pipe-or-tube,-into-which fits the second length of pipe or tube a'; b, b², b³,
are the bulkheads. The spigot end d of pipe or tube a¹ is introduced into-
the end or socket e of pipe or tube a, said pipes or tubes being con-
structed preferably of the form described in Letters Patent granted to
me, A.D. 1869, No. 571. To the end of pipe a a bulkhead 6 is fitted,
and near the opposite end of said pipe another bulkhead b¹ is fitted.
The bulkheads are fitted to the various lengths of pipe when being laid
in the same manner as that shown in the Figure. An opening c is left
in each length of pipe, so that it may be placed in connection with a
pump for drawing the water from the space between the two bulk-
heads 6, 62, or to a pipe connected to a force pump for forcing the
water out; or a tap or cock is placed in the bulkhead, for instance, at x
in Fig., whereby the water in the intermediate space can be drawn out
into the pipes or tubes already laid. The opening c in each length is
stopped or plugged up whilst the series is being laid.
In using this Invention for submarine purposes I sink one length
of tube or pipe, and then proceed to sink a second length with the spiget
end towards the socket end of the first laid tube or pipe, guides being
provided to facilitate the placement of each length of tube or pipe in its
proper-position. When that is effected the water between the bulkheads
is either drawn off by cock or tap, or forced out by pump, or otherwisc
from the intervening space. This action, by reason of the head of water
at the opposite end of the length of tube or pipe, forces same into its
proper position in the socket.
Having now particularly-described and ascertained the nature and
object of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed or carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the
Invention of "Improvements in Laying and Joining Pipes and Tubes
for Tunnels, Water, and Gas Pipes, Pneumatic Tubes, and similar
Purposes," substantially as the same is herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings, the main point in said Invention being the
construction of pipes or tubes of two members provided with bulkheads
so arranged that the said members or a serics thereof can be laid and fitted

page_text: together in such a manner that they can be forced or drawn in together,
substantially as herein-before set forth and described.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Williams, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS. (L.S.)
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
Charing Cross,
S.W.