Year: 1896

page_text: I JOHN THOMAS DAWES of Cefn Mawr, near Mold in the County of Flint, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an engine to be operated by the explosion
of a mixture of combustible gas or vapour and air and in which the working parts
shall be protected against the high temperature of explosion without the usual
arrangements of cooling appliances for keeping the cylinder and other parts
cool.
For this purpose I line the combustion chamber with refractory material such as a
mixture of Asbestos and Fire-clay and I elongate such combustion chamber together
with its casing so as to form a kind of plunger over which I fit a cylinder free to move
to and fro on the said casing. Packing rings are provided to make a tight joint
between the casing and cylinder. One end of the said cylinder is closed by a cover
and such cylinder is provided with a connecting rod for giving motion to a crank in
the usual manner. When the cylinder is at the inner end of its stroke the cover of
such cylinder is near to the end of the combustion chamber, and the cylinder itself is
not exposed to the heat generated by the explosion in the combustion chamber, but
only to the lowered temperature of the expanded gases as such cylinder moves away
on its outward stroke. I prefer to employ the usual four cycle method of operation,
but the engine may be arranged in any well known manner for any desired method
of operation and the usual arrangements of valves, gearing, and firing appliances are
employed.
I JOHN THOMAS DAWES of Cefn Mawr near Mold in the County of Flint, Civil
Engineer, de hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide an engine to be operated by the explosion
of a mixture of combustible gas or vapour and air, and in which the working parts
shall be protected against the high temperature of explosion without the usual
arrangements of cooling appliances for keeping the cylinder and other parts cool.
For this purpose I line the combustion chamber with refractory material such as a
mixture of asbestos and fire clay and I elongate such combustion chamber together
Dui Q71

page_text: with its casing so as to form a kind of plunger over which I fit a cylinder free to
move to and fro on the said casing. Packing rings are provided to make a tight
joint between the casing and cylinder. One end of the said cylinder is closed by a
cover and such cylinder is provided with a connecting rod for giving motion to a
crank in the usual manner. When the cylinder is at the inner end of its stroke the
cover of such cylinder is near to the end of the combustion chamber, and the cylinder
itself is not exposed to the heat generated by the explosion in the combustion
chamber, but only to the lowered temperature of the expanded gases as such cylinder
noves away on its outward stroke. I prefer to employ the usual four stroke cycle
method of operation but the engine may be arranged in any well known manner, for
any desired method of operation, and the usual arrangements of valves, gearing, and
firing appliances, are employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of an engine
constructed under my invention, and to operate with the usual four stroke cycle.
a is a casing forming the combustion chamber secured to the base plate b. c is a
refractory lining in the combustion chamber preferably formed of a mixture of
asbestos and fire clay. The casing a is elongated as shown so as to form a plunger
surrounding which is a cylinder d free to reciprocate thereon. The outer end of the
cylinder d is closed by a cover. e are packing rings to make a gas tight sliding joint
between the casing and cylinder. f is a connecting rod attached to the cylinder d
at g, and giving motion through the crank h to the shaft i in the usual manner. jare
slides running on guides on the bed plate for supporting the outer end of the
cylinder. When oil or spirit is to be used for producing the combustible gas I make
use of a pump k operated by the excentric and gearing for injecting oil or spirit
into the combustion chamber through a jet. m. The heat of the lining e vapourizes
the said oil or spirit which mixes with the air drawn in and forms the explosive
mixture in the usual manner. n is the valve for admitting air and allowing
exhaustion of the waste products. The valve is operated by any usual gearing. o is
a firing rod. The engine may also be used as a gas engine in the ordinary way in
which case any usual arrangements of valves and gearing for admitting air and gas
and exhausting waste products may be employed. It will be seen that when the
explosion takes place the cylinder d is at the inner end of its stroke and is protected
from the heat of the explosion by the lining c and casing a, and consequently does
not get heated to any great extent, the cylinder being always exposed to the
atmosphere is also thereby kept cool and the ordinary water cooling appliances used
in gas engines are dispensed with, thus much simplyfying the engine, and making it
specially useful where water is scarce.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
In an internal combustion engine the combination of a combustion chamber formed
as a plunger, and having a refractory lining, with a reciprocating cylinder and con-
nections for giving motion to a crank shaft substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.