IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel of N° 28 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane in the county of Middlesex for an Invention of
"
IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT
"
Communicated to him from abroad by Charles Clamond of Paris in the
republic of France
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1883.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING INTENSE WHITE LIGHT Communicated to me from Abroad by
Charles Clamond of Paris in the Republic of France
"
These improvements have reference to the method of producing light by the
incandescence of a cage formed of threads of magnesia or other suitable refractory.
material heated by means of air and combustible gas, for which former Letters
Patent were granted to John Imray, as a communication from my foreign
correspondent, Nos 2110 of 1880, 2035 of 1882 and 2757 of 1882. The present
improvements have for their object to obviate the necessity of supplying the air
under pressure and to obtain the same results by simple air draught, the heating
of this air being effected by the heat produced by small jets of combustible gas in
the lower part of the lamp burner.
•
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing shews a vertical section of the improved
construction of burner and heating apparatus combined therewith.
It consists of two concentric casings C, D, formed by preference of ceramic
material connected together by hollow ties TT which establish a communication
between the interior of the casing D and the space outside the casing C.
Centrally within these casings are two concentric tubes M, N,. The tube N is
closed at top, and is pierced with holes t t on its sides; the tube M is also provided
with holes 88 in its sides, and is closed at top by a cap F F having a number of
small tubes R R usually formed of ceramic material, and by preference arranged as
shewn in sectional plan at Fig. 3.

page_text: At B and O is an ordinary "Bunsen" apparatus for producing a mixture of air
and gas.
The gas issues through the orifice O and draws in atmospheric air
through the openings A; this mixture ascends through the central tube N and in
issuing through the openings tin small jets, strikes against the internal surface of
the tube M. The greater part of the mixture rises up through the tubes R R and
Another portion of the
enters into combustion on issuing from the tops thereof.
mixture issues in jets through the openings 88, and, being ignited, heats the annular
space between the tubes M and D, from which the resulting products of combustion
escape through the openings T. The atmospheric air surrounding the burner rises
up through the annular space between C.and D, and after becoming heated therein,
enters into combustion with the mixture of gas and air issuing from the tubes R R
within the cage U formed of magnesia threads.
The combustion of the gaseous mixture issuing from the tubes R is effected
entirely within the interior of the cage; the hot air which rises up from the
annular space between C and D into the hood C¹, passes thence between the bundle
of tubes Ŕ, surrounding each of them as it passes up and thus effecting the perfect
combustion of the gaseous mixture issuing therefrom in a very small space, which
condition, together with that of heating the air and gas supply, is very essential
for obtaining a vivid incandescence of the magnesia. A glass chimney ▼ serves to
accelerate the draught and increase the air supply.
Fig. 2 shews to a smaller scale the complete burner with its chimney.
It will be readily understood that two or more sets of the heating chambers with
their tubular burners and magnesia cage may be combined in one apparatus, being
all enclosed in an outer casing through which the air supply to all the burners
passes.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim
in respect of burners or apparatus for producing light by incandescence of refractory
material:
First. The herein described construction of apparatus whereby the mixture of
air and gas passing to the burner, as also the separate air supply, are heated by
the combustion of a portion of the said mixture of air and gas issuing in small jets
from a perforated central tube or chamber of refractory material.
Second. The herein described arrangement of apparatus for heating the supply
of air and combustible mixture, consisting of an annular chamber into which the
supply of combustible mixture issues from a central tube or chamber, a portion of
such mixture being made to rise up through the annular chamber in order to enter
into combustion in the burner, while another portion passes through perforations
in the said annular chamber in order, by its combustion in a space surrounding such
chamber, to beat both the supply of combustible mixture passing to the burner, and
the separate air supply rising through an outer chamber.
Third. The combination of the bundle of small tubes through which the com-
bustible mixture issues from the heating chamber, with the outer chamber enclosing
the said tubes, through which the heated air supply passes, in order to effect the
complete combustion of the gas in a small space within a refractory cage heated to
incandescence, substantially as herein described.
In Witness whereof I the said Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fifth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three.