Improvements in Securing Metal Wheels to their Axles.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1889-Accepted 16th Nov., 1884
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Securing Metal Wheels to their Axles.
I, JOHN HEMMING, of Fallings Heath, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, Steel Works
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention consists of the improvements herein described in securing metal
wheels (and more particularly cast steel wheels) to those axles which have their
bearings situated between the wheels, the said invention being particularly applicable
to the wheels and axles of colliery and other wagons which are subject to continual
jar and rough usage.
In carrying out my invention 1 cast a bar across the front end of the axle hole in
the boss of the wheel. The said bar tapers towards the back end of the axle hole
which latter is by preference circular (or it may be square or of other form) for a
certain distance from the back end and then gradually tapers to an oblong form at
the front end. The end of the axle is split for a certain distance to match the
said bar.
When the wheel is forced on to the axle the said taper bar enters and opens the
slit in the end thereof and spreads out the divided axle into the oblong hole so that
on the wheel and axle end being heated and the latter rivetted over as usual the
wheel and axle will be firmly secured together, the combination of the oblong hole
and cross bar preventing any possibility of their jarring loose.
Instead of the said bar being cast in a piece with the boss of the wheel as above
described it may be made separate therefrom and driven into the slit axle end after
the axle has been forced into the wheel.
Dated this 9th day of January 1889.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Securing Metal Wheels to their Axles.
I, JOHN HEMMING, of Fallings Heath, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, Steel Works
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention consists of the improvements herein described in securing metal
wheels (and more particularly cast steel wheels) to those axles which have their
bearings situated between the wheels, the said invention being particularly applicable
to the wheels and axles of colliery and other wagons which are subject to continual
jar and rough usage.
In carrying out my invention I cast a bar across the front end of the axle hole
in the boss of the wheel. The said bar tapers towards the back end of the axle
hole which latter is by preference circular (or it may be square or of other form) for
a certain distance from the back end and then gradually tapers to an oblong form
at the front end. The end of the axle is split for a certain distance to match the
said bar.
When the wheel is forced on to the. axle the said taper bar enters and opens
the slit in the end thereof and spreads out the divided axle into the oblong bole
so that on the wheel and axle end being heated and the latter riveted over as usual
the wheel and axle will be firmly secured together, the combination of the oblong
hole and cross bar preventing any possibility of their jarring loose.
Instead of the said bar being cast in a piece with the boss of the wheel as

page_text: above described it may be made separate therefrom and driven into the slit axle
end after the axle has been forced into the wheel.
On the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 represents a pair of wheels secured to an
axle in accordance with this invention one of the wheels and part of the axle being
shewn in section Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same; Fig. 3 represents the
axle separately and Fig. 4 shews one of the wheels separately in cross sections and front
elevation Fig. 5 represents the axle inserted in the wheel ready for riveting over,
and Figs..6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 illustrate the modification of my invention in which the
crossbar is made separate from the wheel and driven into the split axle end after
the axle has been forced into the wheel as hereinafter described.
The same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the
Figures of the drawing.
Referring firstly more particularly to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, a a are the two wheels
and is the axle on the ends of which they are secured. c is the bar which I
cast across the front end of the axle hole d in a piece with the boss of the wheel.
This bar extends for a certain distance in the axle hole and tapers towards the back
as shewn. That part of the axle hole d which is crossed by the bar c tapers
outwardly to an oblong form at the front of the wheel. The ends of the axle are
slit for a certain distance by being slotted at e.
As the wheel a is forced on to the end of the axle b, which may be accomplished
by a hydraulic press in the usual manner, the crossbar'c enters the slot e in the end
of the axle and spreads out the parts 212 of the axle so as to fill the oblong hole d,
the wheel being forced up against the collar b' on the axle as is usual. The wheel
and axle are then heated and the end of the axle, which is left rather long for that
purpose, is riveted over so as to thoroughly fill up the oblong hole and spread out
round the end thereof as shewn.
In the modification illustrated by Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 the crossbar, which is
marked and shewn separately by Fig. 10, instead of being cast in a piece with
the boss of the wheel as in the example illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, is made
separate therefrom and is by preference rather longer than the diameter of the axle
end so as to fit into slots in the hub of the wheel (see Fig. 9). After the wheel a
has been forced on the axle in the ordinary manner, as shewn by Fig. 8, the loose
crossbar c¹, which is by preference wedge shaped, is then forced into the slot e so
as to spread out the parts b2b to fit in the oblong hole the ends of the crossbar c¹
taking into the slots f. On the wheel, axle, and crossbar c' being heated and the
end of the axle riveted over the whole will be firmly fixed together. The edges c
of the thicker side of the wedge shaped cross bar care by preference slightly
bevelled off so that the axle will be riveted over these bevelled parts c² as shown and
thus more securely prevent the crossbar c¹ becoming loose.
The axle in the examples illustrated on the drawing is circular but it will be
evident that the invention can be similarly applied where the end of the axle and
the axle hole in the wheel are square or of other form.
Although I prefer to make the front end of the axle hole oblong as shewn, as by
that means the axle will be more firmly secured to the wheel, still I do not limit
myself to this as the axle hole may if preferred be. made parallel right through.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. Securing a metal wheel on to a metal axle by means of a bar cast across the
axle hole integral with the wheel which said bar engages with the slotted or divided
end of the axle when the wheel is forced thereon in the manner substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawing.
2. The modification of the method denoted under Claim 1 of securing a metal
wheel on to a metal axle which consists in the employment of a separate cross bar
engaging with the slotted or divided end of the axle and with the wheel the end of

page_text: the axle being riveted over so as to secure the wheel the axle and the cross bar
together substantially in the manner herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 6,
7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawing.
3. A colliery or other wagon wheel of cast metal having a partly oblong axle
hole and the bar c cast across the same integral with the wheel substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawing.
Dated this 10th day of October 1880
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.