IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACES AND FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Simpson, of Calais, in the Empire of France,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACES AND
FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES."
Sealed the 4th November 1864, and dated the 5th May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1864.
I, WILLIAM SIMPSON, of Calais, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF LACES AND FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of laces
and fabrics in twist lace machines. When manufacturing lace in twist lace
machines, in imitation of Maltese and other pillow laces and fabrics, I produce
purled bands of weavings either at the heads or selvages, or in the grounds of
such laces or both. For this purpose extra warp threads are used which are
to constitute the warps of the woven bands of the laces, and such woven bands
are wefted by other extra warp threads, which in wefting the first extra warp
threads are also caused to be made into purls at one or both edges of the
woven fabric, and I call such wefting threads warp weft purling threads.
In working to produce laces according to this Invention in a twist
.

page_text: lace machine the extra warp threads and extra warp weft purling threads
in the act of working are held by lacing bobbin threads and also by extra or
other warp threads.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Simpson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SIMPSON, of Calais, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Simpson. Her special licence that I, the said William
Simpson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Simpson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LACES AND FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Simpson, my executors
or admistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Simpson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
laces and fabrics in twist lace machines. For these purposes when manu-
facturing lace in twist lace machines in imitation of Maltese and other
pillow laces and fabrics, in order to produce purled bands of weavings either
at the heads or selvages, or in the grounds of such laces, or both, extra warp

page_text: threads are used which are to constitute the warps of the woven bands of
the laces; and such woven bands are wefted by other extra warp threads
which in wefting the other extra warp threads are also caused to be made
into purls at one or both edges of the woven fabric, and I call such wefting
threads warp weft purling threads.
In working to produce laces according to this Invention in a twist lace
machine, the extra warp threads and extra warp weft purling threads in the
act of working are held by lacing bobbin threads and also by extra or other
warp threads.
:
In order that this Invention may be fully understood, and that a competent
workmen may be enabled to produce breadths of lace in connection with these
purled bands of weaving, I will commence by describing, first, a straight
purled band of weaving connected with or attached to a breadth of lace; and,
secondly, to describe the manner of producing breadths of lace with scolloped
edges composed of these woven purled bands.
First, suppose we commence by making a purled band of weaving, and such
purled band of weaving shall be on the left hand side of the breadth of lace to
which the band of weaving is to be connected or permanently attached. This
band of weaving, we will suppose, we wish to be one-quarter of an inch wide,
which distance will be equal to the width of five carriages of a ten-point
machine. Now suppose the three centre carriages of the five are withdrawn,
although it may not be necessary in some instances to remove carriages at all
for the purposes of producing purled weavings according to this Invention,
there will be a space the width of three carriages to weave over, allowing the
first carriage on the left hand side of the space to be the breadth lacing car-
riage, and the fifth carriage on the right hand of the space to be the first
carriage of the lace or ground fabric when not acting as a draw thread, as
herein-after referred to. These carriages (first and fifth) for distinction we
will call selected "carriages," the first being on the left hand side of the space
from which the three centre carriages have been withdrawn, and the fifth
carriage being on the right hand side of the space from which the three centre
carriages have been withdrawn. The purled band of weaving, in the case above
proposed may consist of fourteen extra warp threads on fourteen separate bars
to constitute the warp or longitudinal threads of such band, also two warp-
weft purling or weaving threads on two separate bars to be used as the weft-
ing threads of such purled band of weaving, also one lacing warp thread on a
separate bar to act with the first carriage thread of one breadth and the last
carriage thread of the next or neighboring breadth, also a warp
thread on
separate bar to work with the fifth carriage, as the first bar of the ground

page_text: 9, 11, 13, as the acting bars. With this explanation I will now proceed,
previous to starting, to arrange the bars needful to produce a straight woven
purled band in their relative positions to the right and left hand selected car-
riages. The extra warp bars Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, are the stationary
bars and range one behind the other three gates from the left hand side of the
left hand selected carriage.
No. 1, Motion. Carriages in the front combs.-First bar ground fabric is at
this motion on the right side of No. 6 carriage to link with the ground of the
lace of the breadth. The back warp weft purling bar is on the left hand side of
the right hand selected carriage. The extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,
13 ranging one behind the other are upon the left hand side of the left hand
selected carriage, and remain there during the first four motions the machine
makes. The front warp weft purling bar is on the left hand side of the left
hand selected carriage, and also remains there during the first four motions
the machine inakes. The front warp lacing bar is on the left hand side of the
left hand selected carriage. It will be observed that the whole of the bars,
have been taken in their order, that is, from back to front and placed in
their several positions.
And we now proceed to No. 2 Motion. Carriages in the back combs.-
First bar of ground fabric is upon the left hand side of the right hand selected:
carriage having at this motion been moved towards the left hand two gates in
order to commence twisting with the fifth carriage.. The back warp weft
purling bar is at this motion moved towards the left hand four gates, and so
as to place it on the left hand side of the left hand selected carriage, the extra
warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 remain on the left hand side of the left
hand selected carriage. The front warp weft purling bar is on the left hand
side of the left hand selected carriage, and the front lacing warp bar is also on
the left hand side of the left hand selected carriage. At this motion first bar
of ground fabric has been moved two gates towards the left hand, and the
back warp weft purling bar has been moved towards the left hand four
gates.
Motion No. 3. Carriages in front combs.-First bar of ground fabric.is at
this motion moved one gate towards the right hand, thus placing it on the
right hand side of the fifth or right hand selected carriage. The back, warp
weft purling bar is on the left hand side of the left hand selected carriage. The
extra warps Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 are on the left hand side of the left hand
selected carriage. The front warp weft purling bar is on the left hand side.
of the left hand selected carriage. At this motion the front lacing. bar is
moved towards the right hand one gate, and so as to link with the thread

page_text: of the left hand selected carriage, and secure the purl which is being made
by the back warp weft purling bar. The bars moved at this motion are
the first bar of ground fabric and the front lacing bar. :
Motion No. 4. Carriages in back combs.-First bar of ground fabric is
at this motion moved one gate towards the left hand; the back warp, weft
purling bar is at this motion moved towards the right hand four gates, thus
placing it on the left hand side of the right band selected carriage.. The
extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are for the fourth motion on the
left hand side of the left hand selected carriage. The front warp weft purling
bar is also for the fourth motion on the left hand side of the left hand selected
carriage. At this motion the front lacing bar is moved towards the left hand
one gate, having now linked with No. 1, or left hand selected carriage, and
thereby secured the purl made by the back warp weft purling bar. The bars
moved at this motion are the first bar of ground fabric, and the back warp
weft purling bar and the front lacing bar.
Motion No. 5. Carriages in the front combs.-At this motion the first
bar of ground fabric is moved one gate towards the right hand. The back
warp weft purling bar is on the left hand side of the right hand selected
carriage. The extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are at this motion
moved towards the right hand four gates, thus placing them on the left hand
side of the right hand selected carriage. The front warp weft weaving or
purling bar, is at this motion moved one gate towards the right hand. The
front lacing bar is on the left hand side of the left hand selected carriage.
Thus by the combined movements of the bars we have described, in the five
preceding motions the first pass of weaving is made with its accompanying
purl on the left hand side of the purled band. The next description will be
to produce a pass of weaving with the front warp weft purling thread attached
to the ground fabric or selected carriage No. 5.
Motion No. 6. Carriages in back combs.-First bar of ground fabric is
moved one gate towards the left hand. The back warp weft purling bar is
on the left hand side of the right hand selected carriage. The extra warp.
bars, Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are at this motion shogged one gate towards
the right hand, thus placing them on the right hand side of the right hand
selected carriage, where they will remain during the next four motions. The
front warp weft weaving bar is upon the right hand side of the left hand
selected carriage, and the front lacing bar No. 2 is upon the left hand side of
the left hand selected carriage. The bars moved at this motion are the first
bar of ground fabric, and the extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.
Motion No. 7. Carriages in front combs.-First bar of ground fabric is

page_text: moved one gate towards the right hand. The back warp weft purling bar is.
on the left hand side of the right hand selected carriage. The extra warp
bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are on the right hand side of the right hand.
selected carriage. At this motion the front warp weft weaving or purling.
bar is moved towards the right four gates, and so as to place it on the right.
hand side of the right hand selected carriage. The front lacing bar is on the
left hand side of the left hand selected carriage. Two bars are moved at this.
motion, viz., first bar of ground fabric, and the front warp weft weaving or
purling bar, which bar makes the purled attachment with the ground fabric.
Motion No. 8.-Carriages in the back combs. First bar of ground fabric,
is at this motion moved towards the left hand one gate. The back warp.
weft purling bar is on the left hand side of the right hand selected carriage.
The extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are on the right hand side of
the right hand selected carriage. The front warp weft purling or weaving
bar is on the right hand side of right hand selected carriage. The front.
lacing bar is at this motion. moved one gate towards the left hand, thereby
linking with the last carriage in the neighboring breadth, and lacing the
breadths together. Two bars are moved at this motion, viz., No. 1, first bar,
of ground fabric, and the front lacing bar.
1.
Motion No. 9. Carriages in front combs.-First bar of ground fabric is.
at this motion moved towards the right hand one gate. The back warp weft
purling bar is on the left hand side of the right hand selected carriage; the
extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are on the right hand side of the.
right hand selected carriage. At this motion the front warp weft purling or
weaving bar is moved towards the left hand four gates, and so as to place it:
on the right hand side of the left hand selected carriage. The front lacing,
bar is at this motion moved towards the right hand one gate, thus placing it.
on the left hand side of the left hand selected carriage. Three bars have
been moved at this motion, viz., first bar of ground fabric, the front warp.
weft purling bar, and the front lacing bar.
!
Motion No. 10. Carriages in back combs.-First bar of ground fabric is
at this motion moved towards the left band one gate. The back warp weft:
purling bar is on the left hand side of the right hand selected carriage. The
extra warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, are at this motion moved towards.
the left hand four gates, and so as to place them on the right hand side of the.
left hand selected carriage. The front warp weft purling or weaving bar is.
on the right hand side of the left hand selected carriage, and the front lacing
bar is on the left hand side of the left hand selected carriage. The motions.
thus described supposes the straight purled band of weaving to be attached to

page_text: a hole of ten-motion lace. In the ten motions thus described two purls are
produced, the one on the left hand side to be detached when the breadths are
separated, the purl on the right hand side remaining attached to the lace or
fabric. I would here observe that I do not confine myself to the particular
manner I have described of lacing out the weaving warp threads to produce
purls, neither do I confine myself to producing the purl weavings in the ten
motions, as I have described, as this also may be varied, but I prefer doing it
in the manner described. I have not thought it necessary to describe the
action of the ground bars, as the same will be varied according to the nature
of the ground fabric it is desired to produce. These movements will be
repeated in order to produce a continued woven purled and attached band.
The selected carriage No. 1, with its corresponding front lacing thread; are to
be drawn or taken out after the lace is made. Althongh the fabric I have
just described consists entirely of longitudinal warp threads and warp weaving
threads, yet, where carriage threads intervene, they may also be used as
Jongitudinal threads, and form part of the tissue. In producing a straight
purled band of weaving, as above described, a front lacing bar is used because
the purls of the band are detached only upon the left hand side of the woven.
band. But in making scolloped edges composed of these woven purled bands,
and which are now about to be described, back warp lacing bars will be
necessary in order to produce detached purls on the right hand side of the
woven band also. Excepting the first ground fabric bar no change in the
movements of the bars above described are, necessary to produce purls on.
the right hand side of the woven band. All that is required to produce the
band purled upon both sides is to prevent the first ground bar from twisting
as above described, except upon motions Nos. 1 and 8. These two motions
only being required, and the band in place of being connected with the lace
permanently, will be a woven band purled upon both sides, and detached from
the lace, so that in making scolloped edges composed of these woven purled
bands, the outer rim of purls upon the woven bands will be laced by front
bars, and the inner rim to the right hand, the purls will be laced by back
bars or vice versa.
Having thus described the manner of making a straight purled band of
weaving connected with a breadth of lace, I will now proceed to describe the
manner of making breadths of lace with scolloped edges composed of these
purled woven bands.
:
By a reference to the preceding description of a straight woven purled band
it will be seen that it (the woven band I have described) is wholly composed
of warp threads, and therefore its longitudinal warp threads, with its warp-

page_text: weft purling threads, may be inoved by the action of the jacquard in the ordinary.
manner into any part of a breadth or piece of lace within the range of their guide
bars, and may be made to purl and weave together in any space where carriage
threads exist, such carriage threads being necessary as permanent or temporary
attachments for the warp weaving threads, and from the front edge of a piece of
lace to the back edge of the same, purled weavings may be produced at angles
varying more or less from the vertical, and two of such woven bands may in-
tersect with each other, and also with the ordinary meshes of the fabric; no:
exact rule can be stated how in the making of designs this should be done,"
as every separate design will necessitate differences in the modes of treatment,
but the principle of producing scolloped edges composed of these woven purled.
bands is that they (the purled weavings forming these bands) be produced in
spaces of one or more gates in width, and producing in these successive spaces
as they pass from left to right, and from right to left, a greater or lesser num-
ber of purls, in such space as the greater or lesser obliquity of the scollop
requires they should produce. Thus, in the straight woven purled band
already described I produce in a continuous line because the operations or
workings of the longitudinal warp threads and their warp weft purling threads
are confined to the space bounded or circumscribed by the first and fifth
carriage of the breadth of lace to which they are connected. Now, suppose
another space to the right hand of this first space, betwixt five and seven
carriage, and into this space I shog the longitudinal warp bars and their warp
weft purling bars and lacing bars, the power and condition of again producing
the same purled woven band are the same in this space as existed in the space.
wherein the continuous line of purled band was first made.. And it is in this
manner that scolloped edges are produced of these: woven purled bands. Space
after space. for a given time is occupied and weaving produced therein by the
bars of the purled band until the desired length of scollop is attained. This
accomplished the threads of the woven purled band will require to be con-
nected to the lace or to a pillar of the lace in connection with the fabric produced:
along with the woven purled band. This may be done by lapping the threads.
of the woven purled band, one after the other, through or in the lace itself:
which is being produced, along with the woven purled band, or the threads of.
the woven purled band may be in their turns from front to back or from back
to front taken or passed through betwixt the bobbin thread, and the warp.
thread of for the time being a disengaged pillar of lace, the bobbin and warp
of such pillar of lace to be at the same time caused to twist with each other in
order to secure the threads of the purled band preparatory to their commencing.
again to weave and purl in the successive spaces allotted to them as they:

page_text: move or are shogged towards the left hand or front edge of the breadth of lace
of which these purled bands form a part.
.
In the preceding description of a straight woven purled band the extra
warp bars, Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, are placed in a given position, and
there kept stationary not requiring. to be moved whilst a straight woven,band
is being made. But in producing scolloped edges the extra bars Nos. 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 12, 14, are required to be shogged into the several spaces along with
and at the same time as the extra warp weft purling bars, and the extra warp
bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13; and are again to remain stationary in the
centre of each space whilst the required amount of purling and weaving is
performed in the same space by the warp weft purling bars and the extra
warp bars Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13. In whatever space these purled bands
are made the relative positions of the extra warp bars and the warp weft pur-
ling bars and their combined movements with each other are precisely the
same as described in the straight woven purled band, with this understood
difference of working the bars composing the woven purled band on a higher
level of droppers under the control of the jacquard.
In the description given of a straight woven purled band one purl and one
purled attachment is made in the ten-motion hole of lace therein described.
But in making scolloped edges composed of woven purled bands the number
of holes of the lace cannot be determined by the number of purls made on
the woven band, because scolloped edges composed of purled woven bands
may be made or produced at nearly all kinds of angles, and consequently just
in proportion as the angles are more or less acute, so the purls upon the woven
band will require to be more or less numerous. Therefore, in this case as in
others in this description no rule can properly be given as regards the regula-
tion of holes of .lace. in connection with scolloped edges composed of woven
purled bands. When the holes of lace upon the.design are few, and the purls
numerous, the motions necessary to produce purls need not all be registered
in the holes of the lace since the bars producing the lace are supposed to be
under the control of the jacquard attached to the machine and can therefore be
made to register upon the lace the exact number of, twists or lappings which
the hole of lace requires, it should also be understood that the wheel for the
winding up of the lace or tissue should also be placed under the control of the
jacquard in order when necessary to stop the winding up of the lace or tissue
when weavings are being produced in an oblique direction. When the centres
of scollops are partly or wholly filled up with lace or fining, then the longitu-
dinal warp threads and the warp, wefting threads are passed in their order as
they lie in the longitudinal woven band. through betwixt the bobbin threads

page_text: and warp threads or such pillar, in order to fix these longitudinal warp threads
as they pass along.
In the foregoing description it is shown that from the constant varying
angles of each design of scolloped edges or intersecting weavings no fixed
number of purls can be allotted to each hole of lace made in connection with
the scolloped edges composed of woven purled bands; and that in the generality.
of designs of scolloped edges the purls of such scolloped edge, will outnumber
the holes of lace of the design to which these purled bands of weaving are
attached or connected. These conditions of purls being in excess of the holes
of lace necessitate special modes of working lacing threads, and suited to
scolloped edges composed of woven purled bands, and necessitate also special
modes of lacing together breadths of lace with scolloped. edges composed of
woven purled bands.
These special modes of lacing scolloped edges may be best explained by
referring to the manner of lacing a straight woven purled band. The manner.
of accomplishing.this is so simple and so well understood, that any explanation
concerning the manner in which it is done would be superfluous, were it not
that it were needful as an illustration of what is required of lacing threads,
and the part they take in directing the purls of even a straight woven purled
band. In the producing of a straight woven purled band, the warp lacing.
thread.after linking with the breadth lacing carriage in order to secure its
purl moves to find a point of resistance upon the back selvage of a neigh-
boring breadth, and this point of resistance is selected so that it shall be central
with the purl first made and that which is to follow, and so as to secure as
near as may be the purls being held at right angles to the edge of the woven
purled band. In this case the first condition of the warp lacing thread is to find.
a central point of resistance betwixt two purls in order that each purl. shouid
be at right angles with the edge of the purled band; but should this warp
lacing thread make its point of resistance away from the centre, then just in.
proportion as its point of resistance is not central so will the purls of the
straight woven purled band be deflected from the right angle in which they
are intended to be made. Thus the first condition of a warp lacing thread.
after securing its purl is to find a point of resistance to cause this purl to be:
held at right angles (or as near as may be) with the edge of the woven band
at whatever angle from the line of selvage the edge of the purled band may.
be made. In producing scolloped edges of woven purled bands this rule must
be adhered to as much as the nature of the design will permit, and if exact
points of resistance to the various warp lacing threads working. with the purls.
of the woven purled band cannot be found in the lace itself, then independent:

page_text: points of resistance may be obtained to which the whole of the warp lacing
threads converge, and which shall have no connection with the lace or scol-
loped edge when the warp lacing threads which find upon it their points of
resistance are withdrawn from the.lace. This is accomplished by having one
(or it may be two) carriage threads set apart from the ground fabric and situ-
ated in the breadth of lace in a position sufficiently distant from the front edge
of the breadth of lace and sufficiently distant from the back edge of the breadth
of lace, so as to secure the various lacing threads of the scolloped edge points
of 'resistance suited to the various angles which the several purls of the woven
purled band require. In order that the power of resistance should be equal
to the strain upon this carriage set apart as described above, a warp thread
properly weighted is caused to twist with this carriage at proper times, and
this warp thread has no connection with the ground fabric or lace with which
it is for a given time associated. By this arrangement the whole of the lacing
bars lacing the purls of the outer or left hand rim of the scolloped edge will
require moving towards the left hand from the front edge and over the back
selvage of the neighboring breadth as many gates as are necessary in order
to link upon the carriage set apart for points of resistance. In like manner
the whole of the lacing bars lacing the purls of the inner or right hand rim
of the scollop will be required to move from their several purling carriages
towards the right hand as many gates as are necessary in order to link, with
the carriage set apart for points of resistance.. Thus the two sets of lacing
bars (back and front) working on the separate sides or rims of the scolloped
edge are moved in contrary directions, and may be worked so as to meet each
other singly or in pairs in succession, and linking with the carriage set apart
at the same time resist each other, and thereby neutralize the strain upon
the carriage set apart, as the several lacing bars after making their points
of resistance are moved towards the right hand, and towards the left hand
again to link with their separate bobbin threads and secure their several
purls on the woven purled band. This mode of lacing scolloped edges,
composed of woven purled bands necessitates separate lacing bars to every
separate purl after the purled band of weaving commences to move in
an oblique direction, and as each successive purl is made the bars are moved
towards the right hand or towards the left hand to find their points of
resistance preparatory to their again moving in their several directions to secure
the purls upon the other half of the scolloped edge as they are being made.
This arrangement of a twisted pillar situated to the left Land of the back sel-
vage of the breadth, and to which all the lacing threads of the scolloped edge.
may converge, leaves the back selvage of the lace connected with these sco!-

page_text: loped edges unattached by lacing threads, and therefore unfinished. Tó secure
regularity and, straightness of the back selvage of a breadth of lace'made in
connection with scolloped edges I use a lacing bar, which lacing bar I place
behind (or it may be in front) of all other bars making scolloped edges or
ground fabric, and I cause this lacing bar during the time of producing one
hole of lace to traverse from the left hand side of a back selvage carriage in
one breadth of lace to the right hand side of a back selvage carriage in
another breadth of lace, and at each extremity of right hand and left hand I
cause this lacing bar to link with the bobbin thread of each back selvage
carriage and thus secure a straight back selvage upon a breadth of lace made in
connection with the scolloped edges composed of woven purled bands, it should
be understood I do not confine myself to the manner thus described as the
manner of lacing may be varied. In producing scolloped edges composed of
woven purled bands, it may occasionally occur that warp lacing threads to
sustain purls may link with the bobbin threads of the ground fabric, except in
such instances all bobbin threads upon which purls are sustained, and all warp
lacing threads used in producing scolloped edges, and all warp threads used to
lace or join together the breadth of such lace, are all and severally to be with-
drawn or taken out of the lace after the lace is made.
It may be stated that extra warp threads whether of the same or different
colors-in regard to the fabrics may be used when carrying out my Invention
in order to produce ornaments in the grounds or in the weavings of the fabrics
made in lace machines according to my Invention, but to the use of such
additional ornamenting threads I make no claim.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Simpson, have hereunto set. my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
WILLIAM SIMPSON. (L.S.)