IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, FORCING, OR CONVEYING LIQUIDS, IN VESSELS FOR HOLDING LIQUIDS, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
STOCKER, of Canonbury Terrace, Islington, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great. Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of April, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unt me, the said
Samuel Stocker, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Stocker, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Samuel Stocker, my exors, adfoors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick.
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
LIFTING, FORCING, OR CONVEYING LIQUIDS, IN VESSELS FOR HOLDING LIQUIDS, AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, that I, the said Samuel Stocker, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Stocker, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and

page_text: ще шаплет n wuien the same is to be performed, are runy described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawingshereunto annexed, and to the figures aud letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My Invention relates,-
First, to improvements in arranging pumps for lifting, forcing, and convey-
ing beer and other liquids.
Secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in the construction of
certain descriptions of drinking and other vessels, and also to the construction
of bottles for aerated and other liquids.
And thirdly, my Invention relates to improvements in constructing water-
closet basins, and apparatus connected therewith. And in order that my
Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will
proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
The object of the first part of my Invention is, to arrange a series of pumps
into one frame for the convenience of fixing them on a counter or other place.
Figure 1 shows part of a front view, with the front and top covering removed;
and Figure 2 is a transverse section of a series of pumps placed in the same
frame, the nature of which frame is clearly shewn in the Drawing; and the
same may be varied so long as the use of a rail for receiving the connecting
rods or links carrying the axes of the handles of the several pumps be
retained, and also so long as such rail be retained as a means of guiding the
piston rods of several pumps, as hereafter explained. The pumps are covered
at the upper part by a moveable curved cover, having slits through for the
working of the handles of the pumps, and in front the pumps are covered by
fixed woodwork, as shown, but these parts may be varied according to the
judgment and taste of the manufacturer, they forming no part of the Inven-
tion claimed under the present Letters Patent. a, a, are the pump barrels,
any desired number of which may be combined, according to this part of my
Invention. b, b, are the spouts, through which the beer or other liquid is
conveyed by the force of the buckets or pistons into suitable sinking vessels.
c, c, are the piston rods, which are guided by guides d, d, in the top rail e, by
which arrangement the top rail e has as many guides for ensuring the correct
working of the piston rods as there are piston rods and
pumps combined in
the same frame, and it is the using of a of a top rail with suitable guides for
the piston rods of several pump barrels which constitutes the peculiar cha
racter of one of my improvements in this description of machinery. f, f,are

page_text: a series of links or connecting rods, which move on pin joints f' carried by
the top rail e, and such links or connecting rods f carry the axes of the lever
handles h of the pumps a, a, the lower end of each lever handle being affixed
to a piston rod, as is shown, and the dotted lines in Figure 2 show the position
of the parts when the handle is pulled down to draw beer or other liquid.
And it is the using of a rail e, combined with links or rods f as a means of
supporting or carrying the requisite axes of several pump handles combined
into a series or set, which constitutes another of my improvements in this
description of machinery. Figure 3 shows part of a front view, and Figure 4
a transverse section of another frame of pumps, differing in some respects
from that already described, but such differences will be at once perceived by
a workman on examining the Drawing, the principal difference being that
there is no casing up of the barrels, but the framing is made of an ornamental
character, suitable for standing on a counter or other place, but the combina-
tions of the parts constituting the improvements before pointed out are
mechanically the same, e being the top rail, carrying guides d, d, for the
piston rods of several pumps,such top rail also carrying the axes of the several
pump handles, as before explained. The nature of the framing is clearly
shown in the Drawing, and will readily be understood by a workman, and
the same may be varied according to the judgment and taste of the maker.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 5 shews the
section of a drinking pot for publicans, the object being to form them chiefly
of iron or zinc, so as to render them stronger and at the same time offer less
inducement to persons stealing them, the pewter or other soft white metal
therein being of less value to melt down than pots commonly used by
publicaus. The pot shewn is composed of an iron vessel covered with a thin
coating of pewter (or it may be other similar white metal capable of being
drawn down by dies on to the body) on the interior and exterior; a being the
iron vessel; b,c, the internal and external coverings of pewter; dis the rim
or edge of pewter, which is soldered on; f, the foot; and g,the handle, which
are soldered on. And in order to make drinking cups with handles and feet
suitable for publicans and others requiring such descriptions of drinking
vessels, I first form a vessel a in any convenient manner, but I prefer such as
is shewn in section at Figure 6, out of sheet iron, the edges of the cylindrical
part being brazed together, and the bottom is also brazed to the cylindrical
portion of the vessel a; or I make the vessel a of zinc when it will be in a
condition to be coated internally and externally with pewter; and for this
purpose I prepare suitably raised vessels of pewter, such as will fit the interior
and exterior of this vessel a with tolerable accuracy; and in order to make the

page_text: same to fit to the interior and exterior, I introduce a mandril into theinterior,
fitting the same closely, and I introduce the bottom of the combined vessels
a, b, c, into a concave die, and by a blow I force the interior and exterior
coverings into close contact with the bottom of the vessel a. I then force
the vessel (bottom first) through a die or whurtel, the mandril remaining in
the vessel, the die being only very slightly less than the exterior diameter of
the cylindrical part of the vessel, and in this manner I progressively reduce
the diameter of the vessels by a succession of three or four dies, each die
or whurtel being slightly less than the preceding one. I then remove the
mandril and solder on the rim, handle, and foot. In this manner may cylin-
drical vessels of iron for other purposes be coated with pewter or other white
metal, as before mentioned. I would remark, that in some cases I do not
line the outside and inside with pewter when the vessel a is of iron, but only
the interior, the exterior having been previously coated with tin or zine; and
in some cases I do not apply any pewter to an iron vessel when made by
brazing the joints, but simply coat the interior and exterior with tin or zinc by
any of the well-known processes, in which cases the handle and foot may be
also made of iron. By this last means of making drinking vessels of sheet
iron with handles and feet thereto, and tinned or zinced after the vessel has
been formed (by brazing the edges of the upper part, and by brazing the
bottom to the upper part), there will be no evidence of a seam or joint.
Another part of my Invention consists in a mode of constructing a drinking
vessel of glass, china,or earthenware,in combination with a metal frame, with
or without a cover. Figure 7 shews a section of a drinking vessel constructed
according to my Invention. a is a vessel of glass, china, or earthenware,
which is fixed by a male and female screw in a metal frame consisting of the
band b, the handle c, and the foot d, the shapes of which may be varied as to
pattern, so long as the mode of arrangement be retained. e is a metal cover
hinged to the handle, as shewn.
Another part of my Invention consists of a means of applying a cover or
stopper to a decanter or other bottle, combined with apparatus so arranged
that on grasping the neck of the decanter by the hand the cover will be
removed from the mouth of the decanter, and leaving hold of the decanter the
cover will be closed by the apparatus. Figure 8 shews the section of a
decanter, with apparatus arranged according to this part of my Invention.
a is the cover or stopper; b, the cover lined with any suitable soft elastic
surface for closing the mouth; c is a strap fixed round the neck of the
decanter, to which strap is affixed the bent bar d, on the upper end of
which is carried the axis e of the lever f of the cover. To the lever f is

page_text: attached by a pin joint the link or connecting rod g, which at its lower end
is by another pin joint connected to the short link h, such short link being by
a pin joint attached to the lower end of the bar d; hence it will be seen that
the hand in grasping the neck of the decanter or bottle will cause the appa-
ratus to assume the position shewn by dotted lines, and the spring i will, when
released, close the cover.
Another part of my Invention has for its object improvements in the con-
struction of bottles for holding aërated liquids, and for facilitating the drawing
aërated liquids contained therein without removing the stoppers therefrom.
One mode of construction of bottles, according to this part of my Invention,
consists in making the necks of such bottles in such manner as to receive
suitable plugs, thus making the barrel parts of such cocks of one and the
same material as the bottle itself is made, whether of glass or earthenware.
Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, shew the sections of the necks of four bottles, so
formed that when suitable plugs and apparatus are applied cocks are produced
by which the aërated liquids contained in the bottles may be drawn off with
more convenience than when the cork or stopper has to be removed from the
neck of a bottle by the pressure from within, as by such construction of the
necks of bottles any part of the contents may be drawn without of necessity
drawing the other part, and at the same time the remaining portion may be
closed, so as to retain the liquid in an aërated state. In Figure 9, a is a
stopper of cork, which I believe to be the best material for the purpose, tho'
other material may be used. This stopper is retained in its place by a covering
b of pewter or other sufficiently strong metal, which I apply by the process of
what is called spinning, by placing the bottle in a lathe and holding a disc of
pewter to the mouth by the back centre of the lathe, and then by proper bur-
nishing or spinning tools I cause the disc of metal to assume the shapeshewn, by
which the stopper will be retained in the neck of the bottle. is the plug,
which prevents the liquid coming into the neck of the bottle, so as to pass out
at the opening d until the plug is drawn upwards by the stem; or the plug
may be made to open inwards, as shewn at Figure 10, and such plug may
be made of cork or other suitable material. Figure 11 shews another con-
struction of the neck of a bottle, in which case the plug is hollow, and has
a lateral opening through to correspond with the lateral opening in the neck
of the bottle when the plug is turned in that direction. The plug passes
through a cork or other suitable stopper, as shewn, and the stopper and plug
are retained from being driven out of the neck of the bottle by the pressure
from within by the means shewn in the Drawing. Figure 12 shews another
arrangement or construction of the neck of a bottle, in which the cork or

page_text: other suitable stopper is passed laterally through the neck of the bottle,
which is suitably formed for that purpose, as is shewn, and the plug for
forming a cock or tap passes into the stopper, there being an opening
through the plug and through the stopper, so that when the opening in the
plug is turned upwards it will allow the fluid to pass through. By these
three arrangements a similar character of construction is obtained, so far as
the making the barrel part of the cock, for it will be seen that, although they
differ in shape, the barrel of the cock in each instance is composed with and
forms part
of the bottle itself, which constitutes the peculiar character of this
part of my Invention.
Another part of my Invention is shewn at Figure 13, shews a section
of a bottle wherein the neck is formed suitably for receiving a stopper,
and having it fixed therein by means of a metal covering, and the liquid
is drawn from an opening at the other end, there being a suitable plug,
as shewn.
Another part of my Invention consists of certain modes of fixing metal cocks
to necks of ordinary bottles, so as to retain and to facilitate the drawing off of
aërated liquids therefrom. This part of my Invention consists of fastening
the stopper of cork or other suitable material in the mouth of a bottle by
means of a metal cover, and fixing the tube of a suitable cock or tap into the
stopper. Figure 14 shews a bottle with the neck and apparatus applied
thereto in section. a is the stopper of cork; b is the cover of metal; and c
is a cock or tap, the construction of which may be varied, this part of my
Invention consisting of fixing the stopper by means of a metal cover, fixed
as shewn and described when combined with the use of a cock or tap fixed
into the stopper of a bottle.
Another part of my Invention consists of certain modes of forming and
affixing cocks or taps to the necks of bottles. Figure 15 shews the neck of a
bottle, having a plate of metal a fixed on the upper surface or mouth by
turring the edge down, so as to securely fix the same, as shewn, there being a
hole through such plate a; and b is another plate fastened by a rivet to the
plate a, but so as to turn thereon. These surfaces are to be made accurate,
and they have a surface of cork or other suitable material fixed to one of
them. c is a short tube affixed over an opening in the plate 6; hence, when
the opening in the plate b is turned to coincide with that in the plate a the
liquid will flow out. Figure 16 shews a section, and Figure 17 a back view,
of another mode of fixing a cock to the neck of a bottle. The cock a is
held down by the screw b on to the neck or mouth of the bottle, the screw
passing through the upper part of the frame c, the legs of which descend down

page_text: and arc fastened by the band d, as is shewn, or by other means.
The nature
of the cock, together with the washer, is clearly shewn, and its construction
may be varied so long as it can be fixed as described.
Another part of my Invention consists of a mode of making earthenware
bottles with tubes for containing and facilitating the drawing off aërated
liquids. Figure 18 is a section of a bottle made according to this Invention.
The bottle a, a, with a bottom is first made by the workman in a suitable
mould, and then he applies the tube b; be then fixes the bottom, by which
means, when the bottle is burned, it will consist of one material and be as
represented. This bottle is to be stopped at the mouth c by a cork or other
suitable means, and a cock or tap is to be introduced and fixed in the upper
end of the tube b.
Another mode of constructing bottles according to my Inventionis tomake
them with bent necks. Figure 19 shows the section of the neck of a bottle
according to this part of my Invention. By this arrangement the fastening of
the stopper is more readily accomplished, and the bottle more convenient to
pour from.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which relates to the
construction of the basins, and apparatus connected therewith, for water-
closets. Figure 20 shows a section of basin of a watercloset, with apparatus
connected therewith. These improvements consist of forming the basin of
china or earthenware, so that the basin and pan (or vessel forming a water
joint at the lower end of the basin) may be all in one piece; and another
improvement is, the use of the external vessel c to basins having fixed pans.
a, a, is the basin, which may be of any desired shape; at the lower end is
formed the pan b or vessel to form the water joint so as to be of one piece with
the basin, which can readily be made when in china or earthenware. At the
lower end of the basin is an opening d, so that the water and soil may be
washed out of the pan, such opening being lower than the depth of the pan,
so that the water remaining in the pan may close the opening. c is a vessel
of earthenware or other suitable material, which is fixed by a putty joint or
other convenient means to the soil pipe, and the basin is placed on this
vessel cand closed tight by a putty joint. The water I prefer to be supplied
by cne waterway e, forming forming part of the basin, but this may be varied.
This arrangement admits of the flow of water passing into the pan from the
same waterway simultaneously at the top at a, and at the bottom aty, so as
to wash the upper part of the pan or vessel forming the water joint as wellas
the lower part and carry off the soil, leaving a sufficient quantity of cleau
water in the pan. I would remark, that although I prefer the pan or vessel b

page_text: which holds water to make a water joint at the bottom of the basin to be
open, yet it may be closed, leaving only an outlet where the water and soil
passes away.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing, I would have it understood that I
do not confine myself to the details shewn, so long as the peculiar character of
either part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,-
First, the application of a rail e for receiving the axes of connecting
rods, which carry the axes of the handles of several pumps combined into a
series.
And I also claim the application of a top rail e for carrying the severa
guides of a series of pumps combined into a set, when the rail e is used for
carrying the rods for the axes of the handles, as herein described.
Secondly, I claim the coating of cylindrical iron or zinc vessels with pewter
or other white metal, as herein described, by passing them through dies or
whurtels.
And I also claim the making of iron drinking vessels with feet and handles,
so as to show no seam when the same are tinned or ziuced.
And I also claim the mode of mounting a glass, china, or earthenware
drinking vessel in a frame, as described in respect to Figure 7.
And I also claim the mode of applying a cover and apparatus to a decanter
or other bottle, as described in respect to Fig. 8.
I also claim the mode of constructing bottles of glass or earthenware by
forming the necks thereof in such manner as to receive plugs, so that the
barrels of the cocks are composed of the same material as the bottles,
and constitute parts of the bottles, as described in respect to Figures 9, 10,
11, and 12.
I also claim the mode of making bottles, as described in respect to
Figure 13.
I also claim the mode of fixing the stoppers of bottles, when combined
with the introduction of cocks or taps into the stoppers, as described in respect
to Figure 14.
I also claim the node of forming and fixing a cock or tap in combination
with the neck of a bottle, as described in respect to Figure 15.
I also claim the mode of forming and fixing cocks to the necks of bottles,
as described in respect to Figures 16 and 17.
I also claim the mode of forming bottles of earthenware, as described in
respect to Figure 18, by forming a tube proceeding from near the bottom
upwards, so as to draw off the aerated liquor through the tube.

page_text: And I also claim the mode of forming bottles, as described in respect to
Figure 19.
And thirdly, I claim the mode of constructing watercloset basins and pans
by making each basin and pan or vessel forming the water joint of one piece
of china or earthenware.
And I also claim the application of the vessel c, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Stocker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
SAM (L.S.) STOCKER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Samuel Stocker came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.