Improvements in the Construction of Mineral Oil Lamps, Night Lights, Candles, and Stovės.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 15th June, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Mineral Oil Lamps, Night
Lights, Candles, and Stovės.
I GEORGE HENRY LILLEY of No. 7 Williams Terrace Theydon Road Upper
Clapton London N.E. Draughtsman do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It is well known that many disastrous accidents and loss of life constantly occur
in consequence of the overturning of lamps burning mineral oils in the liquid state
and by other accidents causing the explosion of the oils; and bearing.this in mind,
I have invented a novel plan to prevent such accidents by using blocks or masses
of salt, prepared paper pulp, wood pulp or prepared clay first in a solution of
chloride of sodium (common salt) and then in vinegar as well as the indestructible
asbestos and slag wool wicks and then drying them.
or
To attain the desired object and with this end in view I use any one of four
descriptions of absorptive blocks they being the most suitable for my purpose:-
they are (1) salt (2) prepared paper pulp (3). prepared wood pulp (4) prepared
brickearth clay treated in the way above described.
1. I will describe first the absorptive block or mass such as ordinary salt either
powdered or solid I take and fashion the salt into cubical, conical, cylindrical, or
spherical or any other solid shapes. They must be then well dried in an oven and
freed from all moisture. They are then several times dipped in vinegar and finally
well dried. These blocks are then ready to receive the coverings of glass, metal
earthenware or other suitable material' hereinafter more particularly described.
2. Prepared paper pulp blocks or prepared wood pulp (such as the two sorts
paper makers use in their trade) will be found to be useful in the construction of
very light weight cycle lamps that being a desideratum in the cycle trade.
For this purpose I take a sufficient quantity of paper pulp say I' lb. which must
be in the damp state so as to be moulded easily, and add 2 ozs. of powdered chalk
or whitening to make the mass cohere, and fashion them into the blocks or shapes
required for the particular form of lights; cycle lamps, night lights, or candles or
for any other lighting or heating purpose.
These blocks are then dried thoroughly, and then dipped first into a solution
of salt and then again dried and then into vinegar and finally dried for use.
The prepared paper blocks are now ready to receive their coverings of either
glass, metal, earthenware or other suitable material for the particular description
of light required.
3. In preparing the wood pulp blocks such blocks are made and treated in a
similar manner to the paper pulp blocks.
4. I use an absorptive prepared clay by preference of brickearth by mixing
1 quart of clay in the moist state with 2 quarts of wood pulp moulding and drying
same for the needed shapes and then baking these blocks in a furnace; when
made in this way the clay becomes very absorptive and suitable for the required
purposes of absorbent blocks.

page_text: These prepared clay blocks are then treated identically in the same way as the
prepared paper blocks when they are fit to receive their coverings of metal glass
or earthenware.
5. I also prepare the asbestos or slag wool in the same way by dipping in vinegar
repeatedly and drying before using to improve the light.
Having now described the various methods of making the four descriptions of
absorptive blocks of salt, prepared paper pulp, wood pulp, and prepared brick-
earth clay for the purpose of securing safety in burning mineral oils in lamps such
as paraffin I will now describe how I cover such absorptive blocks so as to form a
lamp for light or a stove for heating purposes.
:
6. I take any of the prepared absorptive blocks a cube, a cone, or a cylinder,
for further description see drawings sheets numbered 1 2 and 3.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1-shews a night light with wickholder at top (d);-a small
quantity of prepared slag or asbestos wool (c) is placed on top of block (A) and
the whole is inserted in cover (B) and made secure, this form of light has
perforations at bottom of cover (e) for oil to be absorbed up into the absorptive
mass for charging and recharging. Any of the four sorts of absorptive blocks may
be used.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1-is made with a glass covering (D); metal top with wick
outlet and holder (b); asbestos or slag wool wick (c) and (A) is the absorptive
mass or block.
Fig. 3, Sheet, 1-is so fashioned at bottom that it fits any ordinary
candlestick-metal covering (B) absorptive mass (A) wick and holder (c and d);
apertures or perforations in cover to allow oil to be absorbed (e). These three
drawings represent night lights.
Fig. 4-Sheet 2-represents a table lamp: (A) absorptive mass :-(B) covering
of metal:(c) central draught :-(d, d, d,) asbestos wool wicks :-This form of
absorptive mass is cylindrical, and fits in upright tube of metal, glass, or other
suitable material, and forms also the pedestal of lamp (e, e).
Fig. 5, Sheet 2-represents a candle lamp; solid absorptive mass (A) fitting
in metal, earthenware, or glass;-case or covering (B) :-cup or oil retainer (c, c) :-
asbestos or slag wool wick and holder (d d) :-lamp glass (e, e).
Fig. 6-Sheet 2-resents a candle fixed to an ordinary candlestick :-
(A) absorptive mass :-(1) covering of metal or glass :-(c. c.) oil cup or retainer;
(e, e, e,) apertures in metal covering :-(d, d, d,) wick and wick holder :-(f, f) lamp
glass.
Fig. 7-Sheet 3-represents a stove with multiple burners :-Absorptive
block (A) metal or earthenware covering (B) :-oil retainer or cup (c c c) :-
wick burners (d, d, d, d,) shewing heating surface :-frying pan (e).
Fig. 8-Sheet 3-represents a circular form or block of absorptive material with
four large burners as a heating stove for cooking :-Absorptive block (A); metal
covering (B)-oil chamber or retainer to supply oil to stove (c) :-four flat wick
burners (d, d, d,):-frying pan (e).
Fig. 9-Sheet 3.-represents a heating stove for a greenhouse conservatory &c. :-
Absorptive block (A) metal cover for same (B):-removable top or heating
cover (c, c,) with arrows shewing the circulation of heated air :-multiple burners
(flat wicks) (d, d) :-central draught for cool air to enter in direction of
arrow (e. e.).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare what I
claim is :-
1. The use and adoption of absorptive masses or blocks of salt, prepared paper'
and wood pulp, and prepared brickearth and treating these blocks in the manner
described by which means security and safety from explosion and accidents is

page_text: 2. A purer light by preparing the asbestos or slag wool wicks by saturation in
vinegar and for the same reason the use of salt blocks.
3. The shapes of blocks as drawn with their respective coverings and numbered
1 to 9 inclusive.
Dated this Twenty-third day of March 1895.
GEORGE H. LILLEY,
Applicaut.