Improvements in Headed Bolts or Screws.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Headed Bolts or Screws.
I CHARLES DAKE ROGERS of 21 Stevens Street Providence in the State of
Rhode Island United States of America Works Superintendent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Tire-bolts as usually made, particularly those having cut screw-threads, have
been provided with a plain shank portion having a head at one end and a screw-
threaded portion at the other. Sometimes the periphery of the shank portion
intermediate of the head and threaded portions has been provided with a series of
longitudinally arranged grooves and ribs; an example of a tire-bolt of this type is
set forth in the Specification to British Patent No. 18,154 of November 11th,
1890; the bolts just referred to being produced by what is termed the " rolling
process." In that case the flutes or ribs terminated at the base of the bolt-head.
An objection may be urged against the use of a tire-bolt thus made, because its
strength is impaired at the junction of the head and shank by reason of such
prolongation of the grooves and ribs. Another objection is that the tire itself
when in use extends beyond or below the base of the bolt-head a short distance,
say one-eighth of an inch or so, and as the wearing surface of such portion of the
bolt is limited to the face of the ribs in contact with the tire, it follows that the
jarring action produced by the wheel in running will have a tendency to disturb
the fibres of the metal in a direction transversely of the bolt thereby reducing its
diameter, the bolt then no longer filling the hole in the tire.
In order to overcome the objections which may be made against fluted tire-bolts,
I have devised one wherein, the head and the adjacent portion of the shank are
rendered stronger and more durable. To that end my invention consists of a headed
rolled or swaged tire-bolt having a threaded and fluted shank portion and a plain
or unfluted part uniting the bead and fluted portions, the diameters of the said
plain, fluted and screw-threaded portions being substantially alike.
In the appended sheet of drawings,
Figure is a side elevation of a tire-bolt embodying my improvement;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the tire and felloe of the wheel, enlarged, showing
the bolt as in use;
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal central sectional view taken through the upper portion
of the bolt;
Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view taken through the plain or unfluted portion of the
shank, as on line of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 5 is a similar sectional view taken on line y y of Fig. 1.
I would state that the bolt herein shown and described is adapted to be
produced by swaging or what is known as the rolling process, that is the headed
blanks are introduced singly between a pair of suitably arranged reciprocating dies
provided with ribs and grooves which at one and the same time impress or form the
screw-threads and flutes into the blank's surface. The diameter of the entire shank
portion of the finished bolt exceeding that of the wire or blank from which it was
formed. This is due to the action of the dies, which in operation seize upon the
blank and forces the metal from its surface in a radial direction; the length of the
bolt being substantially the same as that of the blank from which it is made. A
corresponding enlargement of the unfluted portion of the shank may be effected
simultaneously with the upsetting of the metal in the die to form the bolt-head.
In the drawings A indicates a tire-bolt provided with my improvement. The
shank portion a of the bolt consists of essentially three parts, namely:-the

page_text: threaded part a', the grooved and fluted part a² communicating with the threaded
part, and the unfluted portion a³ communicating with the fluted portion a3 and
head. It will be seen, referring to Fig. 3, that the grooves do not terminate
abruptly, but gradually decrease in depth, as at m. It will also be seen that my
improved bolt is stronger at the junction of the shank and head than my patented
bolt before referred to, because it has an additional amount of metal, equal to the
sum of the cross-sectional areas of the several grooves.
My improved bolt is clearly represented as in use, see Fig. 2, wherein indicates,
sectionally, a portion of a wooden felloe of a carriage wheel, and, t the iron tiro
thereof. A. hole is drilled through the tire and wood to snugly receive the shank a
of the bolt, the tire itself being counterbored to receive the bolt's head. Now,
upon driving the bolt home, it will be found that the ungrooved portion a³ of the
shank will be in close contact with the hole formed in the tire, and at the same time
more or less of the fibres of the wood will expand into the grooves of the fluted
portion of the shank thereby checking any tendency of the bolt to turn on its
An exterior washer wo and nut n serve as common to hold the bolt in position.
The flutings may be made parallel with the axis of the bolt, or at a slight inclina-
tion therewith as desired. The form of the flutings cross-sectionally may also be
varied or modified without departing from the spirit of the invention. I would
state that practically I prefer to make the diameter of the screw-threaded portion
of the shank a a little less than the diameter of the fluted part, in order that the
end portion of the bolt may not disturb the fibres of the wood while it is being
inserted into the felloe.
axis.
Without departing from the spirit of the invention my improvement is equally
well adapted to other types of bolts and screws, that is to say the fluted portion a
of the screw-threaded shank may as hereinbefore described terminate in the plain
or unfluted portion a³, the latter uniting the fluted and headed portions of such bolts
and screws.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A rolled or swaged headed bolt or screw having a portion of its shank or stem
screw-threaded and fluted, and having that part of the shank contiguous to and
uniting the head and fluted portions plain or ungrooved substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. A headed bolt or screw having its shank. provided at its entering end with
screw-threads, the portion of the shank extending rearwardly from the screw-
threaded part provided with ribs and grooves to form flutings, and the portion
between and uniting the head and said fluted part being plain or unfluted, the
diameter of the shank being substantially uniform throughout its length.
Dated the 2nd day of October 1891.
CHARLES DAKE ROGERS,
Inventor.