Improvements in the Mixture and Treatment of Materials for Enriching Coal Gas and in Removing or Preventing Stoppages in Ascension Pipes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left. 8th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Sept., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Mixture and Treatment of Materials for
Enriching Coal Gas and in Removing or Preventing Stoppages
in Ascension Pipes.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BENNETT of 22, Great George Street, in the City of
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention which has been communicated to me from abroad by Jules
Lamy of 42 Rue des Jeûneurs, Paris, to be as follows:-
:―
This invention has for its object the manufacture of a compound for the enrichment
of coal gas and for the prevention and removal of stoppages in the ascension pipes
leading from the retort mouthpieces to the hydraulic main.
For the purpose of carrying out this invention I use any variety of shale, or lignite,
or brown coal, or cannel together with shale oil, or any other suitable oil, and grind
them together under very heavy pressure by edge runners in a revolving pan, or
mortar mill, or by any other suitable arrangement for thoroughly grinding, pulverizing,
and intimately mixing or amalgamating together the shale and oil.
A shale, brown coal, lignite or cannel is preferred that is capable of yielding the
largest quantity of gas, and the oil preferred is that which contains the greatest
amount of paraffin or paraffin scale. A good oil to use is one having a specific
gravity of 0.930 to 0.950, a flashing point of 120°, and a setting point of 65°
Fahrenheit, but others may be employed such as those known as intermediate oil, gas
oil, still bottoms, blue oil, green oil, or any waste mineral oil or oleaginous matters,
irrespective of their specific gravity, or flashing or setting points.
The proportions in which the oil and shale are mixed depends upon the use for
which the compound is employed. If for enriching coal gas about 30 to 40 gallons
of oil per ton of shale is used, but if for preventing or removing the stoppages in
ascension pipes about 70 to 80 gallons to the ton of shale is more suitable.
It cannot be too strongly enforced that the most necessary thing to be observed is
the thorough grinding and intimate mixing of the shale and oil, so that their
amalgamation may approach to a combination as nearly as possible.

page_text: When the compound is used for enriching coal gas the quantity of the mixture to
be added to the ordinary coal with which the retorts are charged must be pro-
portionate to the quality of the gas it is desired to make, and the effect is, that the
rich gases eliminated from the compound unite with the poor gas from the coal so
intimately that no undue condensation ensues. If however it is used for preventing
or removing the stoppages in the ascension pipes, a hole is made through the
carbonaceous substance in the pipes and the retorts are then charged with the
compound alone, and without any admixture of common coal. The result is that
the rich gases given off, soften, melt, and liquify such carbonaceous matter so that it
falls down the pipe into the mouthpiece from which it may easily be removed.
Dated this 21st day of December 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Mixture and Treatment of Materials for
Enriching Coal Gas and in Removing or Preventing Stoppages
in Ascension Pipes.
1, WILLIAM HENRY BENNETT of 22 Great George Street, in the City of
Westminster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention has for its object the manufacture of a compound for the enrichment
of coal gas and for the prevention and removal of stoppages in the ascension pipes
leading from the retort mouthpieces to the hydraulic main.
For the purpose of carrying out this invention I use any variety of shale or lignite,
or brown coal, or cannel, together with shale oil, or any other suitable oil and grind
them together under very heavy pressure by edge runners in a revolving pan, or
mortar mill, or by any other suitable arrangement for thoroughly grinding pulverizing
and intimately mixing or amalgamating together the shale and oil.
A shale, brown coal, lignite or cannel is preferred that is capable of yielding the
largest quantity of gas, and the oil preferred is that which contains the greatest
amount of paraffin or paraffin scale. A good oil to use is one having a specific
gravity of 0.930 to 0.950, a flashing point of 120° and a setting point of 65°
Fahrenheit, but others may be employed such as those known as intermediate oil, gas
oil, still bottoms, blue oil, green oil, or any waste mineral oil, or oleaginous matters,
irrespective of their specific gravity, or flashing or setting points.
In some cases it may be preferred to grind and amalgamate together with the shale
and oil a proportion of bituminous coals to improve and strengthen the quality of the
coke left after distillation in the retorts.
The proportion in which the oil and shale are mixed depends upon the use for
which the composition is employed. If for enriching coal gas about 30 to 40 gallons
of oil per ton of shale is used, but if for preventing or removing the stoppages in
ascension pipes, about 50 to 60 gallons to the ton of shale is more suitable.
It cannot be too strongly enforced that the most necessary thing to be observed is
the thorough grinding and intimate mixing of the shale and oil, so that their
amalgamation may approach to a combination as nearly as possible.
When the compound is used for enriching coal gas the quantity of the mixture to
be added to the ordinary coal with which the retorts are charged must be pro-
portionate to the quality of the gas it is desired to make, and the effect is that the
rich gases eliminated from the compound unite with the poor gas from the coal so
intimately that no undue condensation ensues. If however it is used for preventing
or removing the stoppages in the ascension pipes, a hole is made through the carbon-
aceous substance in the pipes, and the retorts are then charged with the compound
alone, and without any admixture of common coal. The result is that the rich
gases given off soften, melt, and liquify such carbonaceous matter so that it falls down
the pipe into the mouthpiece from which it may easily be removed.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.-
1. Mixing shale oil, mineral oil or any oleaginous refuse or waste oily substance
with ground shale, cannel or brown coal, and crushing grinding, pulverizing and
amalgamating the compound intimately, as herein described.
2. The use of such compound of oil and coal in the manufacture of illuminating
gas whereby a very rich gas of good quality and high illuminating power is produced
and a good coke is made for fuel, as herein described.
3. Mixing a certain proportion of such material with the common coals used in
gas manufacture, so as to increase the illuminating power of the gas to be supplied,
as herein described, and
4. Using such composition in gas retorts for the purpose of preventing and
clearing stopped or choked ascension pipes between the mouthpiece and hydraulic
main, as herein before described.