matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lamb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July 1854.-
A communication.
I, JOHN LAMB, of Newcastle-under-Lyne, in the County of Stafford, Paper
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER" to be as
follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in producing a uniform partial vacuum
in a chamber placed across the paper-making machine, whereby the paper
pulp is deprived of a portion of its moisture before it is taken off the wire cloth
web to be pressed between the couching and tension rollers.
In order to produce this partial vacuum, the wire cloth web is taken over a
chamber, open at top, full or partly full of water. A pipe furnished with a tap
is let into the under side of this chamber, the ends of which are made up with
sliding lids, actuated by regulating screws, to suit the width of paper pulp on
the web. When the machine is at work the tap is opened, to allow a portion
of the water in the vacuum chamber to flow off. The water thus flowing off
causes a partial vacuum in the chamber, and as the web with the paper pulp

page_text: on it is passing over the chamber, the pressure of the atmosphere on the pulp
squeezes a portion of the moisture from the pulp into the vacuum chamber,
thereby supplying the place of the water that flows off, and effecting the object
required without the aid of pumps or other artificial means.
AN IMPROVED VOLTAIC BATTERY FOR MEDICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: ACC.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hess at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1854.
I, RICHARD HESS, of Chapel Cottage, Holloway Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED VOLTAIC BATTERY FOR MEDICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PURPOSES'
to be as follows:-
This improved battery is composed of a number of compound plates, each
plate composed of two plates of different metals, soldered or otherwise brought
into close contact with each other, one metal being negative and the other
positive, as copper and zinc, or silver and zinc. Between each pair of com-
pound plates is interposed a plate of fibrous or absorbent substance, as paper,
wood, felt, &c., and the whole is kept together by a rod composed of some
non-absorbing and non-conducting substance passing through the mass. The
mode which I prefer for this purpose consists in drawing a tube of india-
rubber through a hole in each metallic and absorbent plate, and forcing a
metallic wire through the tube, in order to effect a complete isolation between
each pair of compound plates.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ORNAMENTAL PARTS OF GAS FITTINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Parkes, of Aston-juxta-Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ORNAMENTAL
PARTS OF GAS FITTINGS."
Sealed the 1st August 1854, and dated the 6th June 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Parkes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th June 1854.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS PARKES, of Aston-juxta-Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ORNAMENTAL
PARTS OF GAS FITTINGS" to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in making the ornaments used in gas branches,
chandeliers, and lamps of iron instead of brass, as is usual. I make the said
ornaments either by stamping the same from sheet iron or casting the same
with cast iron. The said ornaments may be colored, or gilded, or decorated
in any desired manner. Instead of sheet iron, tin plate, or tinned iron, or
galvanized or zinced iron plate may be used.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Turner, Benjamin Holdsworth,
and Robert Hartley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th October 1854.
We, JOHN TURNER, Overlooker, and BENJAMIN HOLDSWORTH, Overlooker,
and ROBERT HARTLEY, Beamer, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING " to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to those power looms wherein small "check" straps
are employed at each end of the slay or lathe, such "check" straps acting
upon spindles, and having at their centre a small button, working in a grooved
bracket fastened to the side of the lathe or slay, which allows it to move
about an inch each way before confining its action. In our improvements we
employ a bracket, secured to the side of the slay, as well as a "check" strap,
furnished in the middle with a button or stop, and working between the cheeks
of the bracket on a small spindle; but the peculiar novelty of our Invention
consists in the application of a friction plate beneath the button of the check
strap, and acting upwards and against it by means of springs.
AN IMPROVED TAP FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1854.
I, WILLIAM EVANS, of Saint Leonard's Terrace, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
TAP FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing taps or cocks, as that, when they
are driven into a cask or barrel, in the act of "tapping" the same, the liquid
shall be prevented from escaping and becoming lost during such operation, as
is commonly the case in using taps as hitherto constructed and employed.
The nature of this Invention will, however, be better understood by the
following description thereof:-Into the tap-hole of an ordinary barrel I
securely fix by a flanch a short hollow piece of metal, in which a screw is
formed for the reception of a screw plug, which fits therein air-tight. The
outer end of this plug is formed with a square projecting piece, upon which is
to be placed the end of the tap when it is required to "tap" the barrel or cask.
The mode hitherto generally practised of making taps or cocks has been to
make that part which enters the tap-hole plain on the outside, and taper, so
that when driven into the tap-hole of a barrel or cask it may become tightly
wedged therein; but for the purposes of this Invention I make such part cylin-
drical, and I form a screw around the same, and of corresponding diameter

page_text: to that of the aforesaid plug; & in order to insert such said tap into a
barrel or cask, I place the open end of the tap (which is formed square) upon
the square part of the before-mentioned hollow piece of metal which is in the
tap-hole, and I connect these two parts together by a pin or screw, so that,
upon turning the tap or cock round, the plug will be unscrewed, and at the
same time the screwed part of the tap will enter the hollow piece, and upon
continuing to turn the tap round the plug will be entirely displaced; and as
the end of the tap projects into the barrel, the liquid therein will enter the tap
through the holes which are formed around the same; and in this manner
and by these means barrels or casks may be tapped," and the liquid contents
thereof drawn off by the most inexperienced persons without loss from
leakage and it is this peculiar mode of constructing taps which constitutes
this Invention.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING FRINGES AND OTHER PLATTED FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Julien Loiseau at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1854.
I, ALPHONSE JULIEN LOISEAU, Mechanist, of Paris, in the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MANUFACTURING FRINGES AND OTHER PLATTED FABRICS" to be as follows:-
I employ a braiding machine, constructed with bobbins carried round by
revolving discs or heads, so as to plat or interlace the threads, as is well under-
stood. At the upper part of the machine above the bobbins is fixed a rod,
with a fork or hook at its end, at which point the work is formed and passes
away over rollers revolving at the required speed. The revolving discs or
heads are arranged in a circular form, but do not form a complete circle.
The bobbins pass from one head to another until they arrive at one end of the
series, and they then return until they arrive at the other end, when they
again return, and so on. As cach bobbin arrives at one or both ends of the
series of heads, its thread is caught by a hook, moved by an excentric or cam,
which lifts the thread on to an inclined bar, so as to form a loop. The bobbin
still proceeds on its course, and is followed by another, and so on; a series
of loops are thus formed at one or both edges of the braid or fabric. As the
work proceeds, these loops slide up the inclined bar and meet with a cutting
edge or shears, which cut the loops, and thus produce a fringe. The shears

page_text: are moved by means of rods and levers, worked by a cam wheel or excentric.
Another rod, worked by cams on the same wheel, serves to press the work into
the fork above mentioned, while at the same time it receives a sufficient up
and down motion to disengage it from the threads. Other horizontal rods
press the threads together, so as to consolidate the work as it forms at the
aforesaid fork. If any one of the threads should accidently escape in forming
the loops, it comes in contact with a small lever or finger, by moving which it
disengages a catch and lets go a spring, which-throws the machine out of gear
and stops it. The same effect takes place on the breaking of either of the
bobbin threads, which allows a rod in the bobbin carriage to descend and
come in contact with one of a series of levers which are all in communication
with the catch of the apparatus for throwing the machine out of gear. The
bobbin carriages are furnished with springs, which enter grooves in the bobbins.
and restrain their motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH; PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO VALVES AND STEAM INDICATORS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Higgins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1854.
I, JOHN HIGGINS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH; PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO VALVES AND STEAM INDICATORS," to be as follows:-
I propose to fix a number of tubes in the boiler in a transverse direction
instead of horizontal, as heretofore, and to make the furnace or fire-place and
bridge in one compact framework of sheet iron, tin, or similar material, and
connect the said framework to the door frame, the whole of which I make
hollow, and pass the water through it on its way to the boiler. I also propose
to place two of these fire-places, when convenient, one at each end of the
boiler, or both of them at the side, and cause the heat to traverse the whole of
the under surface. That part of the said framework which forms the bottom
of the furnace or fire-place is intersected with vertical tubes, to allow the
necessary draught and the ashes to fall through. It is evident that the fire
resting upon the said frame will heat the water contained therein, as well as
the water in the door frame, which is furnished with an inlet and outlet pipe,

page_text: the water entering at the former, and after traversing the door frame and
fire frame makes its exit, and passes to the boiler by means of suitable pipes.
Another part of my said improvements consists of a peculiar construction of
counterbalance and indicating safety valve, which I place on the top of the
boiler or other convenient position, and pass the steam into it by an inlet pipe,
which on its passage to the exit pipe acts upon the valve, which is provided
with a graduated lever and weight to adjust the required pressure. To this
valve I fix two indicators; one to indicate the pressure of steam in the boiler,
and the other the pressure to the cylinder of the engine. Another part of
my said improvements consists of an equilibrium valve, and is formed by
making two angular spaces in the valve box and lid, the latter of which turns
backwards and forwards, and thus opens and shuts the port holes alternately,
instead of the usual sliding motion; by this contrivance I gain an equal
pressure on the outside and inside, or in other words, a constant equilibrium on
the lever.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR FIXING LITHOGRAPHS AND ENGRAVINGS ON CANVASS AFTER BEING TRANSPOSED OR REPRODUCED BY A PRINTING PRESS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fon-
taine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th August 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION
FOR FIXING LITHOGRAPHS AND ENGRAVINGS ON CANVASS AFTER BEING TRANSPOSED
OR REPRODUCED BY A PRINTING PRESS" to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in combining substances in
the manner herein-after described for the production of a composition appli-
cable to fixing the impressions of lithographs and engravings produced by
the press.
I place in a fire-proof vessel about a quart of soft water and a table
spoonful of linseed, and heat them to ebullition, maintaining them in that
condition during several minutes. I pass the liquid through a sieve, and pour
the clear part into another vessel. I introduce about one ounce of saccharine
matter into a tumbler of the said clear linseed water, and when its solution
is effected I pass the liquid through a fine cloth sieve. I pour the filtered
part into about a quart of the said linseed water.
I take about a quart of soft water and heat it in a sand bath to ebullition,
keeping it in that state about three minutes, during which time I pour into

page_text: it about two ounces of pure gelatine. I agitate the whole, withdraw it from
the fire, and pass it through a sieve.
When this last preparation is effected, I introduce it into a vessel contain-
ing the solution of linseed water and saccharine matter; I heat the whole,
and when arrived at ebullition I move it with a brush. The application of
the said solution fixes the impression on the canvass, and after it is dry the
ordinary picture varnish may be applied preparatory to painting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFFINS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Butler Clough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1854.
I, CHARLES BUTLER CLOUGH, of Tyddyn Mold, in the County of Flint, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COFFINS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of cutting out the
bottoms and lids of coffins, whereby a great economy of material is effected,
and consists in the cutting of the planks, metal, or other material for coffin
Olids and bottoms, after the manner adopted in cutting envelope blanks, which
will be readily understood on referring to the Sketch marked A, which repro-
sents a two foot plank cut into half lids and bottoms. By this means it is
obvious that a great saving will be effected in material, and consequently the
price of the coffin reduced accordingly.
AN IM- PROVED MODE OF PROTECTING OR PRESERVING AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE FROM DISEASE OR BLIGHT
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Morison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July 1854.
I, ANDREW MORISON, of Inchmichael, in the County of Perth, Scotland,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF PROTECTING OR PRESERVING AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL
PRODUCE FROM DISEASE OR BLIGHT" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing metal bars, rods, or wires in the ground
in such situations as may be suitable for attracting the electricity of the
atmosphere and carrying it into the earth, and thereby preventing the ordinary
effects produced by it upon plants and crops exposed to its influence in fields
and gardens, more especially in open situations. These bars, rods, or wires
may be composed of copper, iron, steel, brass, or other metal, and they may be
placed in the ground vertically, horizontally, or obliquely, according to the
disposal of the plants or crops requiring to be protected by them.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING UP TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kealy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November 1854.
I, JOHN KEALY, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING UP TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce turnips and other roots to small
particles, suitable for forming a mash for cattle. For this purpose, I mount on
a rotating shaft a disc wheel, which carries a set of knives of any suitable con-
struction for slicing turnips. This disc wheel cutter I set in front of the orifice
of the shute or receptacle for containing the roots, and by imparting rotary
motion thereto, the roots as they are protruded through the orifice will be cut
up into slices. These pieces as they fall are conducted into what I term the
masher, which consists of a conical case, open at both ends, and fitted with a
conical core, the periphery of which is formed of steel plates, the cutting edges
of which are produced by knocking up from the back rows of pointed teeth,
the spaces of one row being opposite the teeth of the next adjoining.
The conical core is mounted on an axle, which receives its motion through
bevil gearing from the shaft of the disc-wheel cutter, and thus the relative
speeds of the slicer and masher cutters, when once properly determined, will
remain the same. As the slices of turnip fall into the masher, they will-be

page_text: reduced to small particles by the cutting edges of the rotating core, and
passing through the openings in its periphery will fall into a receptacle below.
For slicing the turnips I prefer to use the construction of knife well known
in the trade in connection with my patent.turnip cutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIURNAL AND NOCTURNAL INDICATING APPARATUS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Heinhold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1854.
I, EDOUARD HEINHOLD, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn (City), London, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIURNAL AND NOCTURNAL INDICATING APPARATUS
to be as follows; and consists in indicating or making visible at day or night
more distinctly the names of streets, numbers and signs of houses, dials of
clocks, numbers of cabs, and other devices which it is desireable to sec at
night; also, in convenient method of communicating in buildings, apparatus
for marking, and various other purposes.
The improvements relating to the names of streets consist in adding to
the name of the street on each plate the numbers of the houses contained
between that plate & the next, right and left; also, in distinguishing the
different quarters or divisions of the town by marks or numerals; in lighting
up the names at night, by affixing them on transparent glass or porcelain
plates, forming portions of a transparent or semi-transparent box or cage.
The application to signs consists in fastening letters by means of tubular glass
fixed at both ends to the sign plate, and embracing the letter, or so as to
allow it to slide vertically or horizontally. This is also applicable to street plates.
As well as a mode of fastening the letters by screws from inside the box or plate,
the letters may also have annular parts, through which the fastenings may pass.

page_text: The improvements in clock dials consist in mounting two dials concentrically
on two shafts or drums turning one within the other, set in motion by suitable
clock-work. The dials are covered with an opaque plate, having a hole for
cach dial; one to indicate the hours & the other the minutes: the figures are
fixed on transparent plates. For illuminations dull ground glass cylinders
are used to moderate the light, also double concentric glass cylinders, the
space between the two being closed at the bottom, & filled with a suitable
coloring liquid, and the internal space being lighted up.. The improvements
in communicating in buildings consists in an apparatus with suitable keys &
pulleys to raise or depress marks or signals corresponding to the key which is
touched. The marking apparatus consists of a set of small cylinders, having
on their circumferences figures 1 to 9, mounted on small spindles, which can
be turned so as to present any given number under holes above cach of the
cylinders in the plate covering them.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF BEDSTEADS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright and John Walmsley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd November 1854..
We, JAMES WRIGHT and JOHN WALMSLEY, of Newington Causeway,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF BEDSTEADS" to be as follows (see
accompanying Drawings):
.
Fig. 1, "elevation of bedstead, open." A, side of bedstead and head frame
of same; B, centre fame of bedstead; C, end frame of same; D, wash-stand
drawer containing the necessary utensils; E, head of bedstead; f, framing
for drapery; s, sliding frame for wash basin. Fig. 2, "elevation, with arrange-
ment for desk." A, head & side frame of bed; B, centre frame of same;
C, end frame of same; E, E, head & foot of same; P, sliding rest; Q, angle
folding flap; remaining letters same as in Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are
plans of Figs. 1 and 2; 1, 1, 1, laths; r, r, r, in Fig. 4, slides for P.
Fig. 5, "elevation of Fig. 1, as a table, the letters corresponding with those of
Figure 1. Fig. 6, elevation of Fig. 1, as a desk, the letters as before. Fig. 7,
elevation of Fig. 2, as a table or desk, the dotted lines shewing form of
desk. Fig. 8, plan of table top E; s, the wash-stand, drawn out from under
the top of table E. Fig. 9, elevation of bedstead, being another arrange-
ment of same, the letters in this corresponding with those of the others;

page_text: v, a folding joint to support E; and w,, a hinge joint upon which E turns.
In Fig. 1, the part A folds on the centre part B; and C, the end frame, form-
ing side inclosure, when closed, against A, and under rim of E; E, being a
mahogany or other suitable slab, forming, when thus closed, the table top, as
shewn in Fig. 5. When the parts B and C fold against and upon A, the
bedstead forms a desk, as shewn in Fig. 6; f, the framing for drapery, folding
upon itself, and sliding within the part A, when not in use. Fig. 2, A and C,
the head and foot of bedstead, when each folding upon B, form a table, as
shewn in Figure 7; E, E, the table top in two parts; when the parts A and C
are depressed, as shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 7, the form is that of a
double desk; the angle folding flap Q, filling the intermediate space; the
part P having an inclined projection on each side from the acute angle to
the vertex, suports the ends A and C, according as it is moved along the
slides r, r.
Figs. 3 and 4 are plans of the above-described elevations.
Fig. 8 shews different forms of table top. Fig. 9 is another mode of
arranging the table top, the letters in this corresponding with the other
elevations. In this Figure the part A is fixed, the parts B and C folding
against it.
is
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Club Chambers, Regent Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS."
Sealed the 13th February 1855, and dated the 31st August 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1854.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of Club Chambers, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
"for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBя" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of combs in vulcanized or
hardened caoutchouc and gutta percha by means of moulding pressure under
exhaustion or in vaccuo.
The hardened gum or material to be used is placed in a heated pressure
chamber connected with the piston or presser movement of a double-acting
hydraulic press, or a press actuated by steam or air or other medium. When
the pressure movement is set in action, the material, softened by heat, is

page_text: forced out of its containing chamber & made to enter the comb mould, which
is also heated. The mould and the material are both held in vaccuo, & the
pressure produces a finished or nearly finished comb with its teeth complete.
Thus the entire operation of comb-making is performed without necessitating
the cutting out of the teeth. The pressure chamber communicates by its
discharge orifice with the shaping mould by an adjustable thoroughfare, the
mould & the pressure chamber being firmly connected together during the
actual moulding operation. The moulding may be performed either with or
without the aid of exhaustion, but with the use of exhaustion a much sharper
form & more perfect result is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS AND VAPOURS OR GAS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Chadwick and George
Hanson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th January 1854.
We, DAVID CHADWICK, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
and GEORGE HANSON, formerly of Huddersfield, in the County of York, but
now of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING
WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS AND VAPOURS OR GAS" to be as follows:-
These improvements, which are in connection with a former Patent granted
to us, dated 31st March 1853, consist in the adaptation of a rotary governor
with arms or vanes acting upon the vertical central shaft with which the
conical roller or rollers is or are connected in the Drawings of our former
Specification. And to this central rotary shaft is connected a new construction
of counting machine for registering the quantity of fluid passed. The peculiarity
of this counting machine consists in the use of a convolute curved groove or
similar projecting surface, upon which as the central shaft revolves, a travelling
indicator passes gradually from the circumference to the centre of the curve,
and again from the centre to the circumference, which travelling indicator is
designed to operate in place of an ordinary train of counting wheels.
The speed of the rotary conical rollers is regulated by the rising and falling
of the arms or vanes of the governor effected by their centrifugal force, the
governor revolving in an opposite direction to the course of the conical
rollers.
IMPROVED MEANS OF DETECTING FORGED OR COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, CHEQUES, OR OTHER DOCUMENTS, LABELS, OR TRADE MARKS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given
by the Act.)
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cyril Jeddere Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1854.
I, CYRIL JEDDERE FISHER, of the Temple, in the City of London, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
DETECTING FORGED OR COUNTERFEIT BANK NOTES, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, CHEQUES, OR
OTHER DOCUMENTS, LABELS, OR TRADE MARKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists simply in printing on the notes, bills, or other docu-
ments, labels, or trade marks impressions taken on metal plates from feathers,
insects, the leaves of plants, or other natural objects, or artificial or manu-
factured articles. The means whereby impressions of natural objects are
obtained on metal plates are well known; but any plan whereby such impres-
sions may be obtained may be employed for the purpose.
The object of the Invention, and of the application to the above purposes
of such impressions obtained in any convenient and suitable manner, is to
obtain a design which cannot by any known means be copied with sufficient
accuracy to defy detection, and which cannot be reproduced even by adopting
similar or analogous means to those originally employed for the purpose.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John. Coghlan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1854.
I, JOHN COGHLAN, of Craven Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
to be as follows:-
I propose that a wire, strand of wires, or wire rope, properly insulated at the
points of support, be suspended over or at the side of each line of rails, and
that to the tender or to a carriage in the immediate proximity of the engine of
each train be fixed a bar of metal or a drum, turning on its axis, which shall
be in contact with the wire, strand of wires, or wire rope, the friction of such
drum against the same being diminished, if necessary, by a movement of
rotation imparted to it by any suitable means; this bar or drum to be pro-
perly insulated, and to communicate with a telegraph instrument in the tender
or carriage, which instrument will also communicate with the earth through
the tender or carriage. At each station along the line of railway a telegraph
instrument will communicate with the wire, strand of wires, or wire rope,
above described, and also with the earth. By these means signals may be
conveyed between the trains and stations, and also between trains on the same

page_text: line of rails, whether the trains be at rest or in motion. The guards' van or
any other carriage in a train being provided also with a telegraph instrument
and a bar of metal or a drum, as described above, signals may be conveyed
from such guards' van or other carriage to the engine driver, by bringing the
telegraph instrument in such guards' van or other carriage into the electric
circuit, such telegraph instrument when not in use being taken out of circuit
either by removing the bar of metal or drum from contact with the wire, strand
of wires, or wire rope, or by interrupting the communication between the bar of
metal or drum and the instrument, or by interrupting that between the instru-
ment and the earth. The apparatus may be worked by voltaic batteries or
magneto-electrical apparatus, or other source of electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LOCK FURNITURE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bush at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1854.
I, JOHN BUSH, of Derby, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND LOCK FURNITURE" to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in constructing the spindles and handles
of locks for doors in such manner that they shall require no screw through the
neck of the handle; this I accomplish by making the socket to receive the
spindle with a projecting collar which passes through the rose, and has a flange
on the end turned up all round to keep it in position; the rose has two or more
screw pins which pass almost through the door, and are met on the other side
by a corresponding number of female screws into which they are secured; the
spindle then passes through into the socket in the handle, and requires no
screw to fix it.
Secondly, I make a socket, having a flange on one end, and into the opposite
end I place a male screw; the spindle has a female screw on the end, into
which this fits, and the handle is screwed on in the ordinary way.

page_text: Thirdly, I construct a socket having a solid tongue piece, which is inserted
into the handle; and under the rose I secure, by means of wood screws, a
metal plate, for the purpose of keeping the whole steady; the socket in this
instance projecting from the handle.
4
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS TO RUN ON RAILWAYS AND ORDINARY ROADS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Crosskill, of Beverley, in the County of York,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS TO RUN ON RAILWAYS AND ORDINARY ROADS."
Sealed the 15th March 1854, and dated the 17th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Crosskill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1854.
I, WILLIAM CROSSKILL, of Beverley, in the County of York, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS TO RUN ON RAILWAYS AND ORDINARY ROADS "
to be as follows:-
My improvement for the construction of wheels consists in making the
wrought iron rim or tire of two different diameters, so that the same wheels
may be worked on railways and on common roads without altering the
wheels.
When one of my wheels is running on a common road, it rests on
the part
or parts of the tire or rim which is or are of the larger diameter; but when
such wheel is running on a railway, one of the parts of the tire or rim which
is of the lesser diameter rests on the upper surface of the rail, and the part
or parts of the tire or rim which is or are of the larger diameter form the
flanch or flanches, and prevent the wheel from running off the rail.

page_text: Having thus described my improvement, I hereby declare that what I claim
to be new in my Invention is, the construction of wheels with wrought iron
tires or rims which have one part of the tire or rim larger in diameter than
another part, for the purpose of being used both on railways and common roads
without altering such wheels.
A IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISCOVERING THE LEAKAGE OR ESCAPE OF GAS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1854.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISCOVERING THE
LEAKAGE OR ESCAPE OF GAS," a communication from Etienne Abram Maccaud,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for dis-
covering any leakage or escape of gas in buildings lighted by that medium,
and consists in forcing a certain quantity of atmospheric air into the pipes and
apparatus connected therewith by means of a force pump, the cocks of the
burners and main cock being previously closed. A pressure guage or indicator
is attached to the pipes to indicate the exact pressure within, and when any
leakage is taking place it will at once be indicated by the pressure guage and
by the whistling of the out-rushing jet. A small safety valve is also fitted
to the pipes to regulate the amount of pressure within. The force pump
before mentioned is also applicable for cleaning the pipes by forcing a liquid
therein.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FENCE FOR RAILWAY STATIONS, DOCKS, AND SUCH OTHER PLACES AS THE SAME IS OR MAY BE APPLICABLE TO
Year: 1854

page_text: by the zice.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Spencer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October 1854.
I, JOSEPH SPENCER, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
FENCE FOR RAILWAY STATIONS, DOCKS, AND SUCH OTHER PLACES AS THE SAME IS OR
MAY BE APPLICABLE TO," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a fence,capable of being rapidly erected and
removed, and hence fitted for use at railway stations on the approach of a
train, for the purpose of preventing persons crossing the line; it is also appli-
cable to all places where it is desirable occasionally to raise a fence rapidly,
and for temporary purposes.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a railway station. On the edge of
the platform, or in any other convenient place, a series of uprights turning upon
joints are placed. The said joints are situated a little below the level of the
platform. These uprights are capable of motion in a vertical plane parallel to
the edge of the platform. A rail or bar connects all the upper ends of the said
uprights together. When the said uprights are vertical, they constitute with
the connecting rail a fence; when the top rail is pushed in the plane of motion
of the uprights, the said uprights turn upon their joints and fall down, or
assume a nearly horizontal position, and the fence is removed by sinking below
the platform. When the uprights are properly balanced at their lower ends,

page_text: they may be moved with little force, so that one man may immediately raise a
fence or remove the same of sufficient length for a railway platform. Where
necessary, mechanical appliances may be resorted to for the purpose of raising
and depressing the fence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Carr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April 1854.
I, THOMAS CARR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Share Broker,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEERING APPARATUS" to be as follows:-
I mount the steering wheel in the usual manner on a horizontal shaft,
and at the opposite end of the shaft I key fast a chain drum; below this I fix
another chain drum on a longitudinal screw, which carries also a travelling
nut, connected with the tiller by means of a connecting rod, the tiller
lying "athwart ship," or nearly so, when the rudder is in a line with the
keel. There are two chains connecting the drums with one another, and
each chain is coiled round each drum several turns, their extremities being
fixed. Thus, when the steering wheel is turned, one chain uncoils from one drum
and is wound on to the other, and vice versa. Motion is thus communicated
to the screw, and the nut is traversed in either direction, according to the
direction in which the steering wheel is turned. In order to relieve the screw
from any strain communicated by the action of the water, on the rudder, I cause
the nut to run in longitudinal guides, one on each side of the screw.
I do not always adhere to the foregoing arrangement, but I use such modi-
fications as circumstances may render expedient; for instance, instead of the
drums and chains, gearing may be used, or the upper horizontal shaft may be

page_text: dispensed with altogether, and the steering wheel attached directly to the
screw.
With respect also to the connecting rod for communicating motion from the
traversing nut to the rudder, any of the known conveniences for converting
rectilinear motion into circular may be substituted.
In all cases, however, I prefer to relieve the screw from any undue strain
by the mode described, namely, by the employment of additional longitudinal
guides.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th July 1854.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, and now of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES" to be as follows, viz. :-
My improvements consist in applying, for the purpose set forth in the title,
sulphurous acid dissolved in water. For this purpose, I take a concentrated
solution of sulphurous acid, and dilute it with about nine times its volumo of
water; also, in order to prevent the sulphurous acid from combining with the
bases of alkaline carbonates, which are found in meat, and thus giving to the
meat a disagreeable taste arising from the sulphite formed, I add to the above-
mentioned diluted solution about one hundredth part hydrochloric acid. Into
this solution then the meat or other animal matter is immersed, and kept in
any suitable vessel, which is sealed or confined hermetically.
The meat or other animal matter may also be preserved by keeping it
immersed during twenty-four hours, about, in a concentrated solution of sul-
phurous acid, and then keeping it for the remainder of the time in pure water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, PUMPING, OR FORCING WATER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Warren at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1854.
I, DANIEL WARREN, of Exmouth, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING,
PUMPING, OR FORCING WATER" to be as follows:—
My Invention of improvements in raising, pumping, or forcing water in an
arrangement or combination of syphon pipes, with a flexible bag containing a
volume of compressed air (enclosed in a rigid or metal case or chamber) which
is made to act on water supplied to the metal or rigid chamber (in which the
said bag containing compressed air is placed). The apparatus is composed
principally of two syphons, one end of the first of which syphons is conical,
bell, or funnel shaped, to increase the superficial area of the mouth of the tube;
the other leg of this syphon communicates with a chamber or vessel which is
provided with a flexible bag or vessel with a rigid wooden bottom, and supplied
with compressed air. To the lower part of the rigid or metal vessel (contain-
ing this flexible bag) is adapted the shorter leg or arm of another syphon, the
other leg of which is carried up to the required height for delivering the water.
In consequence of the pressure of the atmosphere on the large area of the
open mouth of the first syphon, water from the well, reservoir, or river will be

page_text: forced into the intermediate rigid vessel, and from thence by the pressure of the
compressed air up the second syphon to the discharge pipe, and ejected there-
from into a reservoir above.
I do not confine myself to the use of two syphon pipes (in their usual or
cominon form), for in some cases the effect may be better produced by the first-
named pipes being straight and vertical with the funnel or cone (inverted)
submerged a few inches, with the other end of the tube perpendicularly
extending down to the rigid case or chamber containing the flexible bag of
compressed air.
It will be seen and easily understood that this Invention is applicable to
raising or forcing water, either for domestic or manufacturing purposes, or for
fire engines either on land or at sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARA- TION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRINTING AND DYEING FIBROUS MATERIALS AND FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emmanuel Désiré Coëz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1854.
I, EMMANUEL DÉSIRÉ COEZ, Manufacturer, at St. Denis (France), do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARA-
TION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRINTING AND DYEING FIBROUS
MATERIALS AND FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming soluble lacs from dye woods, as Cuba or
Campeachy wood, or fustic, or from cochineal, by treating the extracts of the
coloring matter of these substances with a mixture of soda and alumine, which
is known by the name of jelly of alumine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR SUPPLYING PURIFIED AIR TO ROOMS OR BUILDINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October 1854.
I, JOHN STEPHENS, of the Temple, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR SUPPLYING PURIFIED AIR
TO ROOMS OR BUILDINGS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a peculiar combination of apparatus for
supplying purified air to rooms or buildings. For this purpose there is a close
chamber employed, which is divided by several shelves or partitions in such
manner that the air in passing through the chamber shall be forced to take a
tortuous or zig-zag direction, and in doing so it is brought in contact with
charcoal and other matters for purifying the air, and also for depriving it of
moisture; and there are partitions of woollen fabric to filter the air through, so
as to remove any dust or other substantive impurities. The air supply pipe
into this apparatus is made to communicate with the outer air, and when
desired, this pipe may pass through a chimney or flue, so that the pipe may be
externally heated. The outlet pipe or passage has applied to it a fan or
instrument for propelling air into the room or building, such fan or instrument
being put in motion by the falling of a weight and interposed train of wheels,

page_text: by which a high speed is given to the fan or air-propelling instrument for
several hours. The air thus introduced purified into a room or building may,
when desired, (by being caused to pass in contact with pure water,) be more
or less again charged with the degree of moisture considered to be requisite.