matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George West at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1862.
I, GEORGE WEST, of No. 1 Chapel Place, Long Lane, Borough, in the-
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
The machine constructed according to these improvements consists of a box
or vessel lined on each side about half way up, with vertical ribs of wood
rounded at the front. A short distance above the bottom of the box is a
grating composed of similar ribs of wood, forming a false bottom, through which
the dirt passes and settles in the space beneath, whence it can be easily washed.
out, the water is drawn off by means of a tap placed in one end of the vessel.
A frame is made to fit inside the box and rests on ribs placed inside the same;
this frame carries a fly wheel shaft, turned by a handle, and is furnished with
a crank or excentric, and a connecting rod attached to a rubbing apparatus.
beneath the frame. This rubbing apparatus consists of a frame of the same.
width as the inside of the box, but shorter, so that the connecting rod can
move it backwards and forwards in the box so as to give the requisite rubbing
motion for washing the clothes or other articles, which are placed between the
rubbing apparatus and the ribbed false bottom of the vessel. This frame or
rubbing apparatus has an open bottom and ends formed of transverse ribs of

page_text: wood similar to those above; described. The whole of the frame, rubbing
apparatus, and gearing, can be raised up entirely clear of the box or vessel,
and lowered again therein when required by means of a rack and pinion, the
frame being furnished with guides sliding in grooves in the cast-iron standards
of the machine.
AN IMPROVED ROTATIVE TRAVELLING CRANE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1862. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Couvreux and Combe,
of 333, Rue St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, City of London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ROTATIVE TRAVELLING CRANE," "a communication," to be as follows:-
On a stand or framing of suitable weight and strength I place an engine
and boiler, which through a pinion on the main shaft gives motion to a large
cog wheel fastened on the spindle of the drum, on which is coiled the chain
passing from it to the extremity of the jib, and terminating in a hook or its
equivalent in the usual manner. A tie rod passes from the extremity of the
jib to the extreme rear of the machine, by which means the weight of the
boiler, engine, and the machinery counterbalances the weight of the sub-
stances or materials to be lifted. The whole apparatus turns on a circular
rail round a pivot supported on a frame. The operation is as follows:-The
chain is made fast to the substance or weight to be lifted, the engine being
put in motion coils the chain round the barrel or drum, thereby hoisting the
weight; when it has been raised high enough the crane is turned round on the
circular rail before mentioned by means of a steam cylinder mounted on

page_text: the framing, and connected by means of toothed gearing with the axles of the
wheels. When not in use the crane can be transported from place to place
by means of wheels, which can be raised or lowered by the action of a screw,
and when not in use they may be drawn up out of the way of the circular
rail.
WATCH PROTECTOR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Parfitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1862.
I, EDWARD PARFITT, of Drury Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Wine
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A WATCH
PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
To the inside of the pocket in which the watch is usually carried is fixed
permanently or connected at pleasure, a loop or ring, through which the
end of the Albert chain is passed and then attached to the watch. When
it is required to look at the watch the hand must be put into the pocket and
the watch lifted out. Any attempt to draw out the watch surreptitiously by
the chain will be prevented by the ring or loop.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS: IN SHIPS' PROPELLERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Truscott Campbell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th March 1862.
I, JOHN GEORGE TRUSCOTT CAMPBELL, of No. 1, Hatcham Terrace, Old
Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS: IN SHIPS' PROPELLERS," to-
be as follows:-
This Invention I name "Campbell's propeller;" it is to be- worked rotary.
in a hole or otherwise at the stern of a ship, and consists of a boss with two-
or more blades. The roots of the blades are fixed in a line with the length
of the boss, and if equal distances be taken along the edges of the blades from
the boss, and a straightedge be placed from distance to distance, it would
show straight lines across the faces of the blades d, d, e, e, f, f,.Fig. 1, and
likewise from the boss to the periphery are straight lines, as shown in Figs. 4,
8, and 10, but only the centre line is perpendicular to the centre of the boss-
b, t, Figs. 4, 8, and 10%; the others are inclined to the boss, and reversely on
either side of the centre line b, o, o, o, and b, a, a, a, Fig. 10, and likewise the-
edges of the after driving faces of the blades are bevelled off p, p, p, Figs.
1, 2, 3, and so are the edges of the forward faces of the blades bevelled off,
p, q, Figs. 2 and 3, so that the faces of the blades of the propeller are equal,.
and have the same power to drive astern as in driving ahead. Figs. 5, 6,

page_text: and 7 are sections of the blade, Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is the end view of Figs. 8
and 10. The letters in the Figs. of the Drawings represent the same
places. Drawings with detailed explanations will be given in the Complete
Specification.
AN IMPROVED RUNNER FASTENING FOR UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, SUN SHADES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Matanle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1862.
I, THOMAS MATANLE, of No. 5 Wilmot Square, Bethnal Green Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Brass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RUNNER FASTENING FOR UMBRELLAS,
PARASOLS, SUN SHADES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This improved runner fastening is intended to dispense with the spring catch
ordinarily employed (for fastening the runner so as to ke: the umbrella or other
similar article either open or shut), and thus prevent the weakening of the
stick occasioned by the slot in which the spring catch works.
The Invention consists in attaching to the stick a pin, staple, or other pro-
jection, and in forming in each end of a tubular runner a curved or suitably
formed slot, into which the pin or projection passes, and locks itself as the
umbrella or other article is either opened or closed, being forcibly held
therein by the natural spring of the umbrella frame. A moderate pressure,
and a very slight turn of the runner by hand, serves to release the latter from
the projection when it is desired either to open or close the umbrella or other
similar article, but the locking motion is self-acting, and is due to the peculiar
form of the slot or opening in the runner, and the natural spring of the frame
of the umbrella or other similar article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR SIZING, DRESSING, OR FINISHING WARPS, YARNS, TEXTILE FABRICS, OR PAPER, AND ALSO FOR THICKENING COLOURS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Blacklidge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1862.
1, ROBERT BLACKLIDGE, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR SIZING, DRESSING, OR FINISHING WARPS, YARNS,
TEXTILE FABRICS, OR PAPER, AND ALSO FOR THICKENING COLOURS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in treating flour of wheat or other cereal grain,
rice, sago, or other amylaceous substance or substances with diastase for the
purpose of procuring a gummy matter, with which I incorporate lapis cali-
minaris, terra alba, and alumina to any required extent for the purpose of
obtaining a compound suitable for sizing or dressing warps, yarns, textile
fabrics, or paper, and also for thickening colours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OPEN METAL WORK APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Long at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1862.
I, THOMAS LONG, of 2, Clarendon Place, Notting Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, House Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OPEN METAL WORK
APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of open metal work, or
metal trellis or lattice work intended to be used as an economical substitute
for ordinary wire netting or perforated metal, and applicable also to the
manufacture of bird cages, basket stands, and supports for flowers, fire-guards,
and other purposes where wire work has hitherto been employed.
According to this Invention, it is proposed to make open metal work, or
trellis or latticework by making a number of slits in a flat sheet of metal,
such slits being made in straight or curved lines or row, the slits in each line
or row being made to break joint with the adjoining lines or rows, a small
portion of the metal being left intact or uncut between the ends of the several
slits. The sheet having been thus slit, is now stretched out so as to open the
slits, whereupon a perfectly-formed trellis having hexagonal openings will be
produced. In order to form a finish to, and strengthen the edges of this open
metal work, it is proposed to turn up the edges of the plate before it is

page_text: stretched, and to insert therein a length of wire, which, when the metal is
stretched, will remain threaded through each of the end tongues of the metal
work. The slitting of the metal sheets may be effected either by suitable
slitting rolls, stamping apparatus, or by hand cutters or tools, as preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1862.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps and in apparatus
used therewith.
These improvements are applicable in constructing lamps wherein the
burning fluid is forced up to the wick, and wherein the excess of fluid thus
raised is allowed to flow away from the wick through openings near the upper
part of the outer wick tubes. In these descriptions of lamps it has been
found that when hydrocarbons are used as burning fluid, they are liable to be
driven out in conjunction with streams of atmospheric air, and to become
ignited. Now, my improvements in such descriptions of lamps consist in
applying to such holes and passages finely woven wire or other fabric or
material, so as to cause the fluid and air to be, as it were, filtered or prevented
spurting out in a manner to become ignited. In order to fill such lamps a
valve is used, on the upper part of which is formed a neck with a hole or
opening between it and the vessel, so that the fluid may flow into the neck
when the vessel is tilted; and at or near the lower part of the neck is an outlet
with a rising spout, in order to admit of the fluid being poured from the lower

page_text: part of the neck into the lamp; a valve is used to close the hole or passage
between the vessel and the neck, and this valve is carried by a cylinder having
a screw thread around it, which fits a corresponding female screw on the
interior of the neck, so that by turning the inner cylinder the valve is moved
away from its seat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE OR ELASTIC HOOPS FOR DRESSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hedgcombe Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1862.
I, GEORGE HEDGCOMBE SMITH, of North Perrott, in the County of Somerset,
Twine and Web Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE OR ELASTIC
HOOPS FOR DRESSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of crinoline or elastic
hoops for dresses, consists in a combination of steel, iron, or other wire with
stout threads or cords composed of cotton, flax, or other fibrous substance.
Two, three, or more of the wires are arranged longitudinally at convenient or
suitable distances apart, according to the intended width of the fabric to be
produced, and between these wire, warps are placed a sufficient number of firm
All
strong cords of cotton, flax, hemp, or other suitable fibrous substance.
these are arranged in the form of a warp, and are woven into a fabric in the
ordinary manner by means of a weft. If desired, the wires may be covered
with cotton or other fibrous substance, and when the combined fabric is com-
pleted it will be sufficiently elastic and much lighter than ordinary crinoline
steel hoops, and can moreover be sewn through and through like common tape.
It will also be evident that should one or even two of the wires be accidentally
broken, the hoop will still retain its elasticity so long as one wire remains
perfect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARGAND AND OTHER BURNERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert William Hart, of Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARGAND
AND OTHER BURNERS."
Sealed the 3rd March 1868, and dated the 5th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert William Hart at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1862.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ARGAND AND OTHER BURNERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention, which relates to Argand and other burners, consists, first, in
the application of a regulating top to the chimnies of those burners whereby
to regulate the escape of air at the top, and ensure better combustion. The
top is formed of two perforated discs, the one fixed, the other revolving
thereon, like an ordinary ventilator; the position of the movable plate is such
that when the holes in the one disc coincide with those of the other, the full
passage is open, and when moved from that position, more or less, the passage
is regulated accordingly; this may be readily done by a small handle or pro-

page_text: jection; a suitable perforated cover surmounts the whole to give it a more or
less ornamental finish. I also apply these regulating tops to globos and other
like glasses of gas burners for the better regulation of the passage and com-
bustion of the gas, as before explained.
The second part consists in the arrangement and disposition of the chimney
of Argand burners in position that the bottom or lower part shall be at an
clovation of about three-quarters of an inch above the issue of tho gas, I
sometimes use in combination with this arrangement of chimney a guard to
protect the issue and ignition of the gas; this is an annular piece of glass
which surrounds the burner, and rises up, say, about one-quarter of an inch
above the flame. This may be supported by the ordinary gallery, while the
chimney is supported by raised standards; or it may be suspended from above
from a globe, if a globe is used to enclose the light.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Biddle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1862.
I, GEORGE BIDDLE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brush
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS," to be as follows:-
In making brooms according to my Invention, I take a broom head of the
ordinary form, that is, of a semi-cylindrical form, I drill a series of longitudinal
holes in the said broom head in a plane parallel to the flat side, the number of
the said holes being equal to the number of rows of bristles, or tufts, or knots
of fibre to be placed in the broom. The said holes are drilled from one end
to nearly the other end of the broom head, I also drill holes in the flat side of
the broom head for the reception of the tufts or knots of fibre, the last-
mentioned holes opening into the before-mentioned longitudinal holes, I take
fibres double the length of the tufts or knots in the finished broom, and I double
the said fibres at their middle, so as to make tufts or knots of the required
size. By means of a large needle a piece of strong string is passed along one
of the longitudinal holes and being drawn out of one of the holes in which the
tufts or knots of fibres are inserted, the said string is passed over the doubled
part of the tuft or knot, and the said tuft or knot is drawn into the said hole
by the tightening of the string. The string is in succession passed over the
doubled part of all the tufts or knots to be inserted in one row of holes and

page_text: the said tufts or knots are drawn and fixed in the said row of holes. The
string is fixed by being wedged in the hole at the end of the broom head by
means of a plug of wood, tufts or knots of fibres are fixed in a similar manner
in the holes of each row; instead of string, wire may be employed to fasten the
tufts.
My Invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of brooms
having fibres of bass or cane or whalebone, but is also applicable to the manu-
facture of brooms of bristles and other fibres, when I employ bristles or fibres
not sufficiently long when doubled at their middle to form knots of the required
length, I double them near one end and draw them in the holes in the manner
already described.
A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF INSTRUMENT APPLICABLE TO THE CLEANING OF WINDOWS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jonas Farns-
worth, of Braintree, Massachusetts, and Edward Millar Farnsworth, of
Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF INSTRUMENT
APPLICABLE TO THE CLEANING OF WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the operation of cleaning
windows. This it is proposed to effect by means of an instrument, constructed
in the following manner:-On the extremity of a syringe, formed by a tube
and a long handle working therein as a piston, is fitted a rubber and a sponge
or other porous medium. The handle is made of any convenient length, to
enable the person using the instrument to reach his work, and it is packed at
its inner end like a piston. The tube terminates in an expanded and flattened
end, to receive on one side the sponge, and on the other the rubber. A vent
is made in this terminal to allow of water being ejected from the syringe in
a small stream. To use the instrument its end is inserted in a pail of water,
and the handle is drawn up until the tube is filled. The instrument thus
charged is raised to the window to be cleaned, and the water is ejected there-
from on to the glass by forcing the handle inwards. The sponge moistened

page_text: by insertion in the pail is then applied to the wet glass, and the dirt will be
readily wiped off. If however any dirt is still found to adhere the rubber
formed of vulcanized caoutchouc or other suitable material is brought to act
upon the moistened surface, and by friction of contact it will remove the dirt
from the glass.
The instrument may be also applied with advantage to the cleaning of
carriage panels and other painted surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FENCING POSTS OR STANDARDS, TO BE USED EITHER FOR STRAINING OR OTHERWISE SUSTAINING FENCES, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF GATE POSTS, TELEGRAPH POLES, SIGNAL POSTS, OR OTHER UPRIGHT STANDARDS OR PILLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rider at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1862.
I, JOSEPH RIDER, of Basinghall Street, Leeds, in the County of York, Iron
Merchant and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FENCING POSTS OR STANDARDS, TO
BE USED EITHER FOR STRAINING OR OTHERWISE SUSTAINING FENCES, THE SAID
IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO ALL KINDS OF GATE POSTS, TELEGRAPH
POLES, SIGNAL POSTS, OR OTHER UPRIGHT STANDARDS OR PILLARS," to be as
follows:-
In making such posts, poles, standards, or pillars I mostly use sheet iron or
other thin plate, and I construct them in section of a diamond, square, or other
straight-sided figure, whereby I obtain considerable strength. Also I some-
times construct such posts, poles, standards, or pillars of triangular section, or
of serrated or indented section as will be more particularly delineated in
the Drawings intended to accompanying my Final Specification. In making
the joints of these posts, standards, or pillars I prefer to use a lap joint, and
after hammering or rolling the sheet iron or other thin plate to the form
required to close the lap joint by soldering, galvanizing, or rivetting, or any two
or more of these means, but I do not restrict myself to the use of lap joints.
My improvements also consist in bushing the holes in such posts, pillars,
or standards through which strained fence wire passes, such bushing may be
carried into effect by using for the purpose sheet iron, thin plate, or other
piping or tubing secured in the said posts, pillars, or standards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE BODIES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Robotham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1862.
I, SAMUEL ROBOTHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Wire
5 Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARRIAGE BODIES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to carriage bodies, and has for its object an improved
manufacture of the back and arms part thereof, or the part forming the back
and arms of the body. For this purpose I construct a framework or outline
of the desired shape, and similar to the construction hitherto used for the
support of japanned leather and other materials, and this framework or outline
I fill in with ductile sheet metal. I take plain, perforated, or embossed sheet
metal. If plain, I cut a blank and shape it on a block, pressing it or beating
it into form; I then finish it by hammering or otherwise; heat may be applied
to anneal or facilitate the manipulation. If the perforated metal be used I do
not generally heat it; and I prefer to use zinc, which I hammer or press into
shape. If embossed metal be used I shape it by cutting out or letting in
parts where there is a bend; or the embossing may be performed upon
the plain shapes after they are formed as before described. I sometimes
construct the outline or framework of unsoldered tube or metal formed
into nearly a tube (the longitudinal edges not quite meeting), and insert
the margin of the metal through the slit or space between the edges and
solder it; or when this form be not used, the edge of the metal may be

page_text: turned over or under the framework and soldered. The whole may be painted,
japanned, or coated with other metal, if desired, or the beading, tube, or rod
may be left bright by plating or otherwise.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF MARINE TELEGRAPH WIRES AND CABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darlington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1862.
Í, JOHN DARLINGTON, of 26, Gresham Street, in the City of London, Mining
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF MARINE TELEGRAPH WIRES AND CABLES,"
to be as follows:-
Instead of laying telegraphic wires or cables so as to rest on the bed of the
sea, I propose to arrange these in such a manner as to lie only a portion of
their length on the bottom, and in deep water to suspend them by means of
floating or partially submerged buoys, set at such distances as may be found
necessary; also at certain distances to stay or anchor such wires or cables by
means of suitable appliances. I further propose to connect with such wires
or cables wherever it may be found desirable, floating telegraphic stations for
the receipt and transmission of messages.
AN IMPROVED FLYER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Clayton and William
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th January 1862.
We, THOMAS CLAYTON, Mechanic, and WILLIAM SMITH, Overlooker, both
of Knowlwood, near Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FLYER," to be as
follows:-
Instead of the yarn being guided through the tube of the flyer direct on
to the bobbin, we guide it to the bottom of one arm of the flyer, so that it
will be wound on the bobbin more evenly, and prevent snarls so common on
the ordinary plan. We accomplish this object by fixing a washer on the
top of the flyer and a cross piece on the top of the tube with a guide or
guides in the interior thereof.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COLORING MATTER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1862.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Phoenix Chemical Works, in Cobden Street, Stewart's
Lane, Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Practical Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING COLORING MATTER," to be as follows:-
I mix suitable proportions of nitric acid and aniline, that is, any proportion
in which the latter exceeds the former, I then heat the mixture and add
thereto arsenious acid, until it becomes of a rich red or purple color. And
the coloring matter so produced, when dissolved, can be used for dying or
printing.
What I claim as my Invention is the treatment with arsenious acid of the
mixture produced by heating nitric acid and anilene together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bailly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1862. A communication from abroad by Ernest Autreux and Michel
and Joseph Cotton, Brothers, Merchants, of La Rochelle, Departement
(Lower Charente) in France.
I, HENRY BAILLY, of 5, Salter's Hall Court, Cannon Street, E.C., in the
City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS
USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The machine to reduce the wood into pulp fit for paper is composed of
a circular grater in tempered steel presenting on its circumference a punc-
ture or special cutting. This grater is mounted on a stand like that of a
grindstone, and receives a movement of rotation from five to six hundred
revolutions per minute; it is surrounded on all sides with a metallic envelope,
of which the lower part is teminated by an orifice serving as a tunnel (or
feeder) to the water and the pulp. In this envelope are bored, in the upper
part and perpendicularly to the axle, one or several openings serving as recep-
tacles to the blocks of wood cut to their measure, which determined weights
sliding on a vertical stem force against the asperities that are presented by the
points of the grater, so that being in contact with the wood, this grater, in its
rotation, bears on the ligneous fibres of the wood and thus reduces them to
filamentary pulp. On each side and near the middle of the circumference of
the grater are two taps, from which a jet of water flows and detaches the pulp
which might adhere to the points of the grater and forces it towards the lower

page_text: part of the envelope so that it may flow into a frame (or box) lined with fine
metal sheets, from which the water escaping leaves the pulp almost dry and
easy to be transported to the cylinders to finish its entire preparation to whiten
and fix itself by the ordinary methods employed for pulps of rag.
The pulp of wood obtained by this process may be employed with immense
advantage either by itself or mixed with rag pulp in any proportion, it can be
shaded any color, it can be turned into excellent cardboard, it is free from loss
in trituration, it can absorb a larger proportion of mineral matters, such as
plaster or white clay, requires less or no hard labour, and allows the manu-
facturer to employ this pulp of wood to augment his productions and to sell
them at the lowest price.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES USED ON RAILWAYS POR FACILITATING AND CONTROLLING THE ASCENT AND DESCENT OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TRAINS ON INCLINED PLANES OF LINES OF RAILWAY, AND FOR SIMPLIFYING THE CONSTRUCTION OP LOCOMOTIVES USED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincenzo Manzini at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1862.
I, VINCENZO MANZINI, of Modena, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES USED ON RAILWAYS POR FACILITATING
AND CONTROLLING THE ASCENT AND DESCENT OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TRAINS
ON INCLINED PLANES OF LINES OF RAILWAY, AND FOR SIMPLIFYING THE CONSTRUCTION
OP LOCOMOTIVES USED ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows :-
As regards the improvements in the construction of locomotive engines to
be used on railways they consist, first, in dispensing with nearly all of the
mechanism at present employed; and, further, in employing only one steam
cylinder instead of two, and in fixing said cylinder to the side framings of the
locomotive midway between the driving wheels of the engine. It is also
proposed by this Invention to employ a rotatory piston and to fix driving cranks
on opposite ends of a shaft, to which said piston is fixed, said cranks to be
connected each to a rod for coupling the wheels together and imparting
rotatory motion direct thereto as the piston rotates.
Another improvement in locomotive engines according to this Invention
relates to the wheels thereof, and consists in adapting thereto and across the
face thereof bars of metal capable of sliding so as to bring each end thereof
successively into contact with an auxiliary wooden or iron rail fixed outside of

page_text: the permanent iron rails, and at a short distance therefrom at all the inclined
parts of the line of railway, for the purpose of preventing the skidding of tho
driving wheels of the engine whilst ascending inclines, and to retard and regu-
late the motion of the engine whilst descending inclines, that is to say, as the
driving wheels rotate the upper end of each sliding bar aforesaid will be
brought into contact with a curved piece of metal adjusted to each side framing
of the locomotive, and by so doing the opposite end of each bar will be forced
outwards and held temporarily in that position until it comes into forced
contact with the supplemental wooden rails before-mentioned, and tightly
gripping the same, the wheels will advance with certainty up the inclined
parts of railway lines, and in descending will meet with the required resistance
to check the impetus of the engine. The curved piece of metal above-men-
tioned is so formed as to allow the sliding bars to rise as they are brought
under the centre of the axles of the driving wheels, and said bars are so
contrived as to operate when the engine is going either backward or forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES AND FUZEES, AND APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND IGNITING THE SAKE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Dove, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1862.
I, EDWIN DOVE, of Hunter Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MATCHES AND FUZEES, AND APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND IGNITING THE SAKE,"
to be as follows:→
The matches or fuzees are made in one continuous strip or band, which is
coiled up in a centre or small portion of wood or other material, and is inserted
in a box or case of any shape or size, either for the pocket or otherwise. The
outer end of this band is passed through an opening in the periphery of the
case or other part thereof, and when drawn out through the opening it there
comes in contact and passes under, over, or through one or more roughened
or pointed igniting surfaces, which may be either a spring or otherwise; and
in thus passing the composition with which each match is charged becomes
ignited, burning off and leaving in the hand a sufficient length of match or
fuzee, and a sufficient portion protruding from the box or case by which the
succeeding match may be likewise drawn out. The band is composed of either
paper, string, tape, linen, thin sheet of metal or foil, or other material, and at
intervals, according to the length of the match or fuzee required, is charged
with a patch or, spot of easily ignitable lucifer or match. composition. The
rest of the match or fuzee may be either treated with nitrate of potash or

page_text: other material to burn as ordinary fuzees do, or else coated with an inflam-
mable composition, and either covered or not with a protecting varnish, but
in order to prevent the fire burning back into the case after every patch of
ignitable composition, I interpose an interval rendered non-combustible by
being either coated with gum or other protecting substances, or else treated
so as to render inflammatory substances, such for instance, as paper, linen, or
string non-combustible. Thus this non-inflammable portion is left protruding
from the box or case after the preceding length of match or fuzee is burnt off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas King and John King at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th June 1862. .
We, THOMAS KING, of Grafton, in the County of Warwick, Farmer, and
JOHN KING, of Chadshunt, in the County of Warwick, Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, of an agricultural machine for loosening the
soil, it may be after it has been broken up by ploughing or by a scuffle, and
bringing to the top of the soil whatever rubbish, such as twitch or weeds,
which the soil may contain. The said machine is constructed essentially as
follows: Upon a frame mounted on travelling wheels a revolving barrel or
roller is supported, to which a horizontal revolving motion is given by the
travelling wheels, the said barrel or roller being geared to the travelling
wheels by toothed wheels or other gearing. On the cylindrical surface of the
said barrel or roller spikes or tangs are fixed in a radial direction. As the
machine is drawn over the land the barrel or roller revolves, and the spikes
or tangs enter the soil nearly to the depth to which it had been previously
broken up by the plough and scuffle. The said spikes or tangs in passing
through the soil loosen it, and on rising out of it bring out the twitch and
weeds and throw them on the surface of the soil, from which they may be
removed or where they may be left to perish. We prefer to attach the

page_text: said barrel or roller to the rear of a scuffle. In turning the machine it is
desirable to lift the barrel or roller so as to raise the spikes or tangs from
the soil. In order to effect this, the said barrel or roller is supported on a
frame capable of rising and falling on the frame carried by the travelling
wheels. By throwing the barrel or roller out of gear with the travelling
wheels, and throwing it into gear with a winding pulley on the axle of the
said travelling wheels, the said winding pulley may be made to wind up the
frame carrying the barrel or roller to the required height and fixed there
until it is required to lower it. This arrangement may be applied to other
agricultural machines which require to be temporarily raised from the soil.
Instead of the barrel or roller described, the spikes or tangs may be applied
to a spindle or shaft.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in applying a moveable collar or roller
to the prongs of scuffles or the coulters or other like parts of agricultural
machines. The said collar or roller is applied to or fixed on the prong or
coulter, and turns on a vertical axis. The said collar or roller prevents the
prong or coulter carrying with it soil or anything which impedes its proper
working, and is very useful on clay soils.
MAKING AND PACKING FRICTION MATCHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Precht and Victor Toepken
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th December 1862.
We, EDWARD PRECHT and VICTOR TOEPKEN, of the City of New York, in
the County and State of New York, United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING AND PACKING FRICTION
MATCHES," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists in making the match splints from
thin strips of wood having about the thickness of ordinary veneer, a breadth
a little greater than the required length of the splints, and any convenient
length transverse to the grain of the wood; each strip is then cut into two
sets of splints, those of each set adhering together a little distance at one end,
and the whole resembling a comb in appearance; the free tips of the splints
are then dipt into the igniting compound several "combs" at once.
The second part of our Invention consists in packing the tips of these
"combs" of matches alternately between the folds of a band of paper which
is provided at the upper edge with a substance that will cause the prepared
tips of the matches to ignite when brought into contact therewith. The paper
and matches are then rolled or otherwise packed closely together, and thus
secured. When thus packed, the matches are held closely enough to ignite
every one in succession, and only the one drawn out in the act of drawing
from the packing band. The igniting compound on the tips of the matches is
of such a composition that it will not ignite by any amount of friction alone,
.

page_text: and the substance on the edge of the packing band is of a similar nature; but
when the one is brought into contact with the other by only moderate friction
the compound on the matches ignites with certainty, while the other substance
does not produce ignition of itself at all. Any compositions of suitable
chemical qualities relative to each may be employed.
Any one skilled in the art of making friction matches will readily select
such compositions.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR RAISING, LOWERING, REMOVING, AND CARRYING BUILDINGS, MONUMENTS, AND SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1862. A communication from Jean Jerome Rancurel, Architect, residing
at No. 124, Boulevart Chave, Marseilles.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 17, Faubourg Montmartre, Paris, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR RAISING, LOWERING, REMOVING, AND CARRYING
BUILDINGS, MONUMENTS, AND SHIPS OR VESSELS," a communication from Jean
Jerome Rancurel, Architect, a person resident at No. 124, Boulevart Chave,
Marseilles, to be as follows:-
This machine consists of a skeleton frame or scaffolding built all round and
underneath the building, ship, or other heavy body to be moved. The part of
said frame that is underneath is made moveable and the other part is sta-
tionary. The moveable part is fitted with a number of nuts, into which work
screws that are driven by double or treble worm and wheel gear so as to
produce the power required for lifting the heavy body by means of the screws
aforesaid; said heavy body is then placed on rollers or casters to be removed
to its final place of destination.
-IM- PROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Connell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1862.
I, CHARLES CONNELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "-IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates more particularly to the class of ships or vessels
constructed with iron or steel frames and external wood planking, and is
designed to admit of such planking being fastened by means of copper, yellow
metal, or composition bolts or fastenings in such a way as not to be liable or
so liable as hitherto to the corrosive action which has been experienced where
copper, yellow metal, or composition bolts or fastenings have been used along
with iron frames. It is where the bottom planking of the ship is fastened to
the "floors" or floor frames that liability to corrosion has been principally
experienced on account of the presence internally at that part of the bilge water,
but by the present Invention such liability is avoided or considerably reduced
by fixing or fastening the copper, yellow metal, or composition bolts or
fastenings of the planking into beams or "floors" of wood, such wooden
"floors" being themselves fixed or fastened to the iron or steel "floors" by
iron or steel bolts or fastenings. If desired, this system of fastening may be
extended more or less above the "floors," and it may be applied to other con-
structive details of the same or other classes of ships or vessels, that is to say,

page_text: wherever external wood requires to be secured by a copper, yellow metal, or
composition fastening so as to be connected to an internal iron or steel frame
or other detail; an intermediate wooden piece may be secured internally to
the iron or steel piece, the external wood being fastened to such intermediate
pieces instead of being directly fixed to the iron or steel.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE WIND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Woodhouse Ashby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1862.-A communication from abroad by Ludwig Hauswald,
Friederich Hauswald, and Carl Gustav Dittmar, of Riga, in the Empire
of Russia.
], THOMAS WOODHOUSE ASHBY, of Stamford, Agricultural Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE WIND," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a novel construction of apparatus for obtaining
power from the force of the wind. To this end a shaft is mounted (at a
suitable elevation) vertically on a footstep, and secured at its upper end by
means of stay rods or ropes attached to a collar, in which the shaft is free to
turn. Mounted horizontally on this shaft is a series of cross arms, which are
intended to receive sails, that are to be spread on skeleton frames, attached to
the opposite extremities of the several arms. These arms are arranged in
pairs, and there may be one, two, or more pairs, set one above the other at
suitable distances apart to allow of the wind acting freely upon them. The
cross arms are so mounted, that they are free to receive an axial motion to the
extent of about forty-five degrees, in order to yield to the pressure of the
wind. The cross arms of each pair are mounted so as to cross each other at
right angles, and the skeleton frames of each cross arm are fixed so as to be
at an angle of about forty-five degrees. Thus the pressure of the wind upon
that sail which is presented to the wind will cause it to take a vertical

page_text: position, and present its broad surface to the breeze, and at the same moment
the position of its corresponding sail will be shifted, so as to present the least
possible resistance thereto. By this arrangement, therefore, the sails of the
windmill will be severally presented to the action of the wind after the manner
that the floats of feathering paddle wheels are presented to the water, and no
manual adjustment of the sails or costly mechanical contrivance to bring the
sails round to the wind will be required. The skeleton frames are fitted with
guides for the ropes, which furl and unfurl the sails, and also with a reel for
winding up the sails when required to be reefed, such reel being set in
action by means of a rope on the reel pulley.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1862.
I, NATHAN DAVIS, of 25, The Cedars, Putney, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROPELLER
FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of a horizontal propeller is to be worked at the sides of
ships, and consists of a series of oars or paddles united by a frame. To retain
its horizontal position this propeller requires double shafts to which it is
adjusted by cranks, and the whole is to be protected by a box of proportionate
size. The horizontal propeller, the paddles of which can be increased in
number according to the length of the ship and force of the engine, enters the
water nearly perpendicularly, and emerges from it in the same way. In
every revolution it is submerged and then rises above the water. In the
former position it gives the impetus to the vessel, and in the latter the
vessel is left partly to exhaust the speed imparted to it without meeting
with the peculiar obstructions which are known to exist in the rotary
paddle and in the screw now in use. From its adaptation to exhaust the
entire force imparted to it by the engines this propeller will surpass in speed
the rotary paddle and screw with engines of a similar force. Another

page_text: advantage the horizontal propeller possesses is that it can with perfect ease be
kept above the water to enable the ship to take advantage of a fair wind, by
sailing instead of unnecessarily consuming fuel..
The horizontal propeller may likewise be worked entirely submerged, but
in this case the paddles or floats are to act on hinges.