Improvements in Frames for Spectacles and Machinery for Making same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 5th June, 1899-Accepted, 12th Aug., 1899
Improvements in Frames for Spectacles and Machinery for
Making same.
We, JAMES WEST, Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Engineer,
and HENRY JOSEPH WILBERFORCE RAPHAEL, Gentleman, both of .39, Highbury
Grove, London, N., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in frames for spectacles and contem-
plates the making of such frames, or the "fronts" of such frames out of mild
or other steel or other metal in one piece, without the aid of brazed joints.
We are aware that frames of spectacles have been made in one piece with-
out the aid of brazed joints in such materials as tortoise-shell steel, and so forth,
and that they have been cast in one piece of soft metal, but we are not aware
that they have been wholly made of steel in the manner herein described.
According to this invention the reference to frames must be understood to
mean, the two eyes and the nose-piece sometimes called the "front."
According to this invention we use a strip of metal of a channel shape in trans-
verse section.
The channel may be formed by rolling drawing, or by any other means; some-
times we find it convenient to draw a tube of rectangular section and to split
same longitudinally on its two inferior sides. Thus, we produce two pieces of
channel, at one operation.
It is arranged to cut out the eye wires of the spectacle frames crosswise of the
channel. They are cut out quite parallel to each other but some distance apart
and are left connected at two parts to the metal lying between out of which the
nose-piece is formed. The two places where the eye wires are left connected are
the points where it is intended that the nose-piece shall join them.
For this purpose the channel coincides in width with the length of the eye
wires, the lugs at each end of the eye wires being formed out of the upturned
portions at each edge of the channel.
The channel with its edges uppermost is firmly held in a horizontal position in
a vice or clamp. One end of the channel is allowed to protrude conveniently
for being operated upon by milling cutters, gangs of which are arranged upon
a slide so as to move and to cut transversely across the channel.
The milling cutters mounted upon the slide are arranged to operate simul-
taneously upon the upper and lower faces of the protruding end of the channel.
The upper cutters form one half of the sectional profile of the wire whilst the
under ones complete it.
The lugs of the eye wires are formed out of the upturned portion at each side
of the channel.
They may be formed by stamping shaping or by other means as a successive
operation to the milling before described. The remaining operations of finishing

page_text: '
off the lugs to receive the sides or temples may also be done by stamping shaping
or by other means.
-
Instead, however, of rivetting a pin into the lugs of the eye wires for the sides
or temples to swivel upon, we prefer to use a hollow milling cutter, and thus
leave a short stud standing half the height of an ordinary pin, cut out of the
solid metal in each lug so that when the two lugs are brought together the two
short studs exactly coincide and stand one upon the other, and so form a pin for
the sides or temples out of the solid metal itself.
The nose-piece may be stamped out, or milled out of the metal lying between
the two eye wires when cut from the channel and the waste may be removed by
any convenient process.
It will thus be seen that we now have a figure cut out in metal resembling the
letter H. The milling cutters have cut the groove to accomodate the lenses and
the outside of the wire has been rounded. It remains only now to bend the wires
and the nose piece into shape. We now bend the two vertical members of
the Haway from the eye until they assume the elliptical form, when it will be
found that the lugs coincide and may be formed by a screw.
The two eyes of the frame front are now formed and lie parallel to each other.
We then bend them round into their correct position. We then bend or other-
wise shape the nose piece, and so complete a pair of spectacle fronts in one piece
without the aid of brazed joints.
According to this invention it is proposed to make only one pair of fronts at
a time but it will be seen that by allowing a longer length of the channel to
protrude from the vice we may form two or more pairs.
In case the channel should be too weak to stand up to the work, we roll the
channel into a tubular form in such a way that the sides of the channel are
brought together so as to form a radial split rib running lengthwise on the exterior
of the tube. The tube in this form is then placed in a hollow rotating mandril
having an intermittent feeding apparatus so as to feed the tube forward as it
is required. The mandril is supported in a headstock upon a bed which also
carries a milling apparatus conveniently arranged to operate upon the end of
the tube as it is fed forward from the rotating mandril.
Cutters in gangs or otherwise are arranged in the milling apparatus to intrude
themselves into the interior whilst similar cutters operate simultaneously on the
outside. These two sets of milling cutters operate upon the tube as it is slowly
rotated, and are arranged to cut out two rings which are separated from each
other by a distance piece. The external cutters form the outside half of the ring,
whilst the internal cutters form the inside half of the ring. The two rings are
not cut completely out, but are left united at two or more places to each other
through the medium of the distance piece. The places at which they are left
united are preferably at the points where the nose piece joins the eye pieces.
By allowing this portion of the metal to remain instead of completely separating
it, we are enabled to form the nose-piece out of it; and thus by bending and
forming we are able to produce a pair of spectacle frames wholly of one piece of
metal, without the aid of brazed joints.
Instead, however, of allowing the distance pieces to be left united to the two
ring pieces, we may cut the latter completely out, and in this case they could
be used for the eye piece of "pince-nezs."
It will be observed in either case, that, as the eye pieces are cut out in ring
form, they will require to be subsequently hent or shaped, in case it is desired to
have them of elliptical, pantascopic or other shapes.
The edges of the channel, which when bent into tubular form are made to form
a radial rib, which runs lengthwise of the tube are used as the lugs for the
screws, which secure the joint in the eye piece, where it is split to admit of the
lenses being put into position.
Again, instead of rolling the metal into channel form, or rolling it with a
rib at each extremity we may roll it with several intermediate ribs which we

page_text: propose to employ for attaching springs in the case of cutting out eye pieces
for pince-nezs from metal formed of that section.
Improvements in Frames for Spectacles and Machinery for
Making same.
"
WE, JAMES WEST, a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Engineer,
and HENRY JOSEPII WILBERFORCE RAPHAEL, Gentleman, both of, 39, Highbury
Grove, London, N., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings, that is to say:-
This invention relates to improvements in frames for spectacles and contem-
of such frames out of mild
plates the making of such frames, or the "fronts
or other steel or other metal in one piece, without the aid of brazed joints.
We are aware that frames of spectacles have been made in one piece with-
out the aid of brazed joints in such materials as tortoise-shell, steel, and so forth,
and that they have been cast in one piece of soft metal, but we are not aware
that they have been wholly made of steel in the manner herein described.
According to this invention, the reference to frames must be understood to
mean, the two eyes and the nose-piece sometimes called the "front."
Our present invention relates to improvements in the frames of spectacles
and eyeglasses in which magnifying or other lenses are held in light metal frames
of suitable shape and having grooves in which the edges of the lenses fit, the
frames of the two lenses being connected in the case of spectacles by a properly-
shaped connecting bridge or nose-piece, and the outer parts of the lens frames
having hinged to them the sides or temples" by which the spectacles are held
when in use, and in the case of eyeglasses only a single frame for one lens is
required, to one side of which a loop or hook for a string or wire is attached ;
the improvements also relating to machinery for making such frames. The
objects of our improvements are, first, to make the frames of spectacles and eye-
glasses of a single piece of metal without the aid of brazed joints, and to cut and
shape such single piece of metal automatically from a bar rolled to a suitable
section, of steel or other metal.
We attain these objects in the manner and by the mechanism illustrated in
the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bar of steel out of which the spectacle
frames are made;
Figure 2 is a plan of the same showing transverse cuts by which a piece of the
metal is fashioned and eut off from the bar to form the spectacle frame;
Figure 3 is an end view of the same;
Figure 4 is a side view of the cut-off piece;"
Figure 5 is a plan showing the surplus part of the metal removed;
Figure 6 shows the same with the central bridge or nose-piece extended;
Figure 7 shows a front view of the same bent to form the nose-piece and the
frames for the lenses;
Figure 8 is an edge view of Figure 7;
Figure 9 shows on a larger scale in plan the junction of the ends of the lens
frame, and the pins for the side or "temple";
Figure 10 shows a front view of the same;
Figure 11 shows an end view (from the inside) of Figure 10;

page_text: Figure 12 shows a single frame for the lens of an eyeglass;
Figure 13 shows the result of the operations effected by the different milling
cutters ;
Figure 14 shows a front view of the machine by which the part to form the
spectacle frame is automatically cut and shaped from a steel bar;
Figure 15 is, a plan of the same machine; and
Figure 16 is a plan showing all the working parts in dotted lines;
Figure 17 is an end view of the same machine;
Figure 18 is a side view of the upper cam spindle;
Figure 19 is a side view of the lower cam spindle;
Figure 20 is an end view, on a larger scale, of the two cam spindles in their
operative positions ;
Figure 21 is a similar view of the two cam spindles in their inoperative
positions;
Figure 22 is a side view of the screw actuating the milling cutter carriage;
Figure 23 is an end view of the same;
Figure 24 is a plan of the lower grooving milling cutter;
Figure 25 is a plan of the upper and lower shaping milling cutters;
Figure 26 is a plan on a smaller scale of the pivotted arm carrying the upper
shaping milling cutter;
Figure 27 is a similar side view of the same;
Figure 28 is a similar plan of the pivotted arm carrying the lower shaping
milling cutter;
Figure 29 is a similar side view of the same;
Figure 30 is a similar side view showing the pivotted arms carrying the upper
and lower shaping milling cutters, and the cam spindles, in their position when
the cutters are in action;
Figure 31 is a similar side view, in the position when the cutters are out of
action;
Figure 32 shows in diagram form the relative positions of the milling cutters
and the toothed wheels which drive them, when the cutters are in action;
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
In Figures 1 to 13, a is a bar of steel or other metal, from which the spectacle
frames are to be made. It is of channel shape in cross section, as shown in
Figure 1, the turned-up flanges b, b serving to produce ultimately the lugs at each
end of the eyes or lens frames.
The channelled bar may be formed by rolling, drawing, or by any other means;
sometimes we find it convenient to draw a tube of rectangular section and to
split the same longitudinally on its two inferior sides. Thus we produce two
pieces of channelled bar at one operation.
From the end of the bar is cut off transversely a piece of the proper width
shown in Figure 5, and the whole of the centre part is cut away, with the excep-
tion of a partc which ultimately forms the bridge or nose-piece of the spectacles,
and connects at their centres the two narrow side strips d, d, which are of the
same width as the thickness of the lens.frame.
The end flanges forming the lugs are cut through diagonally, as shown at
Figure 3, so as to leave a triangular lug at each end, of each of the sides d, d.
The lower side of the side strips d, d has a V-shaped groove made in it from end
to end, as shown on a larger scale in Figure 10, to receive the edges of the lenses
(which are bevelled to a less acute angle, so that they are firmly held in the
grooves), and the upper side of the side stripa d, d, as well as the edges of the
angular grooves, are rounded off, so as to lighten and improve the appearance
of the spectacles.
The frame being in the condition shown in Figure 5, its central part is warmned
sufficiently to enable the two sides d, d to be separated from each other, the
part being stretched out, as shown in Figure 6. The two side strips d, d,
are then turned down at right angles, and bent round into an elliptical shape to

page_text: fit the lenses as shown in Figure 7, and the part c is bent and shaped to form
the nose-piece, as shown in Figures 7 and 8.
When the sides have been bent round as shown, the lugs at their ends come
face to face and are screwed together as shown on a larger scale in Figure 9.
Before the sides are bent round, however, the lugs are cut to the shape shown in
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, holes being made to receive the screw at e, and the
outer ends of the lugs being reduced to about half their thickness, leaving, how-
ever, a central pin standing up for the full thickness of the metal, 'as shown at f,
so that when the two lugs are brought face to face and screwed together, the
ends of the pins f meet, as shown in Figure 9, and they form together a pivot
upon which the sides or "temples" of the spectacles turn. The reduction of
thickness of the lugs leaving the pin standing, is easily effected by the flat cut-
ting end or face of a cylindrical rosebit having a central opening of the same
diameter as the pin.
Where a single eyeglass is to be used, as shown in Figure 12, instead of a pair
of spectacles, a single strip d is cut from the bar a, having a lug at each end,
and an inner angular groove for the lens.
Spectacle frames made in a single piece from a bar of channelled metal are
very strong, simple, and quickly and cheaply made; but in order that very large
quantities of such frames may be turned out, I cut the frames from the channelled
bar a by means of the machine shown in Figures 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the
drawings, in which is a strong base which can be bolted to a foundation, his
a standard at one side of the base 9, having its upper surface recessed and
levelled to receive the channelled bar of metal a which rests upon it, and out of
which spectacle frames are to be cut, as already described.
A strong bridge-piece is bolted upon the standard h and carries a screw & and
hand wheel actuating a presser foot m, the ends of which carry blocks which
fit into the channel on the inner side of the bar a, forming a vice or clamp, and
holding the latter firmly whilst it is being worked.
In order to accurately adjust the height and position of the channelled bar aş
the latter rests upon slightly cranked transverse supports a, n under the pres-
sure blocks at the end of the presser foot m. The supports n, n are carried upon
strong pivots o, o, upon the standard h, and they have downward prolongations, p
(Figure 17), through which pass screws r, r, which press against the standard h,
and by turning which the exact adjustment of the supports n, n, and the exact
position of the channelled bar a can be fixed.
The free end of the channelled bar a overhangs the support or vice and is
operated upon by transversely moving circular milling cutters, mounted upon a
sliding carriage t. s is a hollow transverse slide bed, resembling the bed of an
ordinary lathe, ou which slides the carriage having guides readily adjustable
upon the bed. The carriage t is made to traverse upon the slides on the bed s.
by means of a strong screw u, the ends of which turn in bearings at e and w
in the ends of the beds upon which the carriage & slides.
and
The outer end of the screw shaft projects through its boaring », and has fixed
upon it a tangent toothed wheel, gearing with and driven by a screw y which
turns in bearings in a bracket bolted to the end of the bed s. One end of the
axis of the screw y is fitted with a pulley 1, which is made to revolvo slowly by
an endless cord 2 passing round it and also shown passing round one end of a
cylinder or drum 3 of small diameter arranged across the end of the base
turning freely on adjustable bearings 4 and 5 in a bracket 6 bolted to the bed s.
The other end of the cylinder or drum 3 is of larger diameter and is shown set in
revolution by an endless cord 7 passing round it and round a corresponding
driving pulley 8 upon the end of the principal driving shaft or spindle 9 of the
machine, which turns in bearings 10 upon the carriage, at right angles to the
direction of movement of the carriage on its bed. The driving shaft 9 is driven
by a pulley 11 and an endless cord 12 from a driving pulley at a sufficient distance
above the machine, not shown in the drawings, but set in revolution by any con-

page_text: venient power, the length of the larger part of the cylinder or drum 3 allowing
the endless cord 7 to pass along it as the carriage & moves along upon its slide.
At the back end of the carriage t is a bracket 13 having a horizontal cylindrical
hole or bearing through it in which turns a spindle 14, upon the outer end of
which is fixed a handle 15, whilst at its other end is fixed a crankpin 16, which
actuates, by means of a slot 17 in which the pin fits, a tooth 18 upon the lower end
of a bar 19 fitting and working in a guide 20, so that the tooth 18 can be intro-
duced between or withdrawn from the threads of the screw u, by turning the
handle 15, the carriage t being fed forward by the screw ", or instantly stopped,
as desired. The driving shaft 9, turning in the bearings 10 upon the carriage t,
and set in revolution by the pulley 11 and endless cord 12, as already described,
carries near the middle of its length between the bearings 10 a toothed wheel 21,
and at its inner end a smaller toothed wheel 22, which gears with and drives a
corresponding toothed wheel 23 fixed upon a spindle 24 turning in bearings 25
upon the carriage t.
The outer end of the spindle 24 has fixed upon it a double milling cutter 20,
shown on a larger scale in Figure 24, having two parallel sets of V-shaped cut-
ting teeth.
The position of the spindle 24 and cutters 26 is such that, when they are in
revolution and the carriage t is fed forward upon its slide by the screw w, the
cutters cut two parallel transverse grooves across the lower side of the projecting
end of the channelled bar a, as described above, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11, and on a larger scale in transverse section at A in Figure 13.
27 and 28 are arms or frames (shown on a larger scale in Figures 26 and 28),
pivotted at one of their ends upon accurately adjustable centres upon the carriaget.
The lower one 27 is pivotted at 29, 30, in a nearly horizontal position, below the
level of the bar a which is to be operated upon, whilst the upper one 28 is
pivotted at 31, 32, in a nearly horizontal position above the level of the bar a,
and the two arms or frames are pressed apart, the upper one 28 upward, and the
lower one 27 downward, by a spring 33. The free end of the upper arm 28
is not directly above that of the lower arm 27, but somewhat in advance of it
for a reason which will be explained presently.
The arms or frames 27 and 28 are made of the shape shown, in plan, so that,
whilst the pivots upon which they turn are conveniently situated upon the
carriage t, their outer ends are brought close to the position where the milling
cutters are to act upon the channelled bar a. These outer ends form bearings
to receive freely revolving spindles 34, 35, at one end of each of which are fixed
double milling cutters the cutting teeth of which are of the shape shown, on
an enlarged scale, in Figure 25, their cutting edge being concave or U-shaped
instead of being pointed or V-shaped as is the case with the teeth of the first
cutter already described and shown in Figure 24. The position of the concave
teetli of these two double cutters is carefully adjusted so that they are exactly in
alignment with the teeth of the cutters 26, At the outer end of the lower
spindle 34 is fixed a toothed wheel 36 corresponding and gearing with the toothed
wheel 21 upon the driving spindle 9, the teeth of the wheels being of sufficient
depth, and of such shape, as to allow the spindle 34 to be raised or lowered,
through a short distance without affecting their proper working.
Upon the same lower spindle 34 is also fixed a small toothed wheel 37 gearing
with a similar toothed wheel fixed upon the upper spindle 35.
If, when the machine is in action, the carriage t is fed forward the lower cutter
commences to cut two parallel transverse V-shaped grooves across the lower
flat side of the channelled bar a, of the shape shown on an enlarged scale at A,
Figure 13. The upper cutter then comes into operation, and cuts grooves from
above at each side of the lower V-shaped groove, on the upper face of the
channel a, at the same time rounding the upper edges of the metal lying
immediately over the V-shaped groove, as illustrated at B, Figure 13. "The
lower cutter finally comes into operation, cutting similar lateral grooves from

page_text: below coinciding with and meeting those from above, and at the same time round-
ing the sides and edges of the V-shaped groove, so that the strip of metal separated
has the form of a more or less circular wire having a longitudinal V-shaped
groove along its lower edge, as shown at C, Figure 13. The upper cutter being
somewhat in advance of the lower one, their cutting teeth do not interfere with
each other.
Referring to Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6, and to what has already been explained,
it is evident that whilst the lower V-shaped cutter can cut its grooves com-
pletely across the channelled bar a the other two cutters must be removed from
the bar a, at the part where the nose-piece e joins the parts d, and must also leave
the parts adjoining the flanges b, b.
In order to effect this, I cause the lower spindle 34 with its cutter, and the
upper spindle 35 with its cutter, to be normally kept separate by the spring 33,
sufficiently to prevent them from acting upon the bar a, and the upper cutter
being brought down and the lower cutter raised when necessary to bring them
into action by means of cams.
Two cylindrical cams, that is to say, cylinders the periphery of which is turned
down to the special contour necessary for the operations which they have to effect,
are shown separately in Figures 18 and 19, in which 38 represents the lower
spindle cam which influences the upper pivotted arm 28 and spindle 35 and
cutter; and 39 the upper spindle cam which influences the lower pivotted arm 27
and spindle 34 and cutter. The ends of these cam spindles can turn in bear-
ings 40 and 41 upon the transverse slide bed, on the side of which they are firmly
supported, one, above the other, and parallel to the central feeding screw w already
described. The lower pivotted arm 27 carrying the spindle 34 and cutter is
connected by a connecting rod 42 with a lever 43 which turns upon a centre 44
in the carriage t, the lever being extended beyond the connecting rod and its end
provided with a lateral stud 45 which rests upon the upper side of the upper
spindle cam 39 against which it is pressed by the action of the spring 33. The
upper pivotted arm 28 carrying the spindle 35 and cutter is similarly connected
by a connecting rod 46 with the second lever 47 which turns upon a centre 48
in the carriage t, this lever being also extended. beyond the connecting rod 46,
and its end being also provided with a lateral stud 49 which is kept pressed up
against the lower side of the lower spindle cam 38 by. the action of the spring 33.
This position is shown in Figure 30, the upper and lower milling cutters both
being in operation upon the channelled plate a. When, as the carriage passes
along, the studs 45 and 49 arrive at parts of the cams 38 and 39 of reduced
diameter, they are pressed into these parts by the action of the spring 33, and each
milling cutter is brought into and out of action as required, the cams being so
formed that each cutter is automatically brought into and out of action exactly
for the time and the depth required.
t
The centres 44 and 48 upon which the levers 43, 47 are pivotted are carried by
a frame turning upon the centre 44, and which can be fixed in any position so
that the centre 48 can be adjusted in its position relative to the centre 44.
At the times when the milling cutters first come into action, after having been
raised out of contact with the bar a, it is advisable that the speed of feed forward
of the carriage & should be reduced, so that the cutters may come more gradually
into action. For this purpose, the pitch of the feeding screw is made somewhat
finer at the parts of its length where the speed of the carriage requires to be so
reduced. This alteration of pitch is illustrated in Figure 22.
In order that the carriage may be moved backward and forward by hand
when required (the tooth 18 having been first withdrawn from between the
threads of the feeding screw ), the spindle cams 38 and 39 are coupled together
at one end by toothed wheels of equal size 50, 51, one of the spindles being
provided with a handle 52, by which they can be simultaneously turned half
round.
The two adjoining sides of the spindle cams, when the machine is at work, are

page_text: flattened from end to end, (as shown, on an enlarged scale, in Figures 20 and 21)
and when they are turned half round, as shown in Figures 21 and 31,) their
flat sides are outward and the studs 45 and 49 can pass along them, the milling
cutters being drawn out of action, and not being affected by the cams.
In Figures 15, 16, and 17, 53 is a small fine-threaded stopscrew, which is
screwed through a bracket 54 pivotted strongly upon the carriage t.
When the bracket 54 is turned down upon its pivot, the point or end of the
screw 53 is exactly opposite to the end of the channelled plate a, and it can
be adjusted so that when the said plate is pushed forward against the sorew it is
exactly in the proper position to be operated upon by the different milling
cutters. When the bar a has been fixed, the bracket 54 and screw 53 can be
turned upon the pivot (as shown in Figure 17) so as to be out of the way.
In Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, 30, and 31, 55 is a transverse plate fixed to the
carriage between the arms 27 and 28, serving as a stop against which the arms
are forced by the cams 38 and 39, when the milling cutters are at work. For
this purpose an adjustment screw 56 is screwed through the upper arm 28, its
point pressing against the stop 55, and 57 is a similar screw screwed through
the stop 55 and limiting the movement of the lower arm 27. When the milling
cutters are at work, the arins which carry their spindles are in this way firmly
beld.
It is obvious that the method of causing the screw to revolve in order to
move the carriage t and the milling cutters carried by it forward, may be varied
without affecting the essential parts of our invention. For instance, it may be
turned by hand by an attendant.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The spectacle frame made from a bar of channel-shaped metal a, by making
two transverse V-shaped grooves across the bottom of the bar, and transverse
slots completely through the bottom of the bar at each side of and close to
the V-shaped grooves; removing the part of the metal between the grooved
ribs so formed, with the exception of a curved piece connecting the ribs at their
centre; cutting the flanges of the channelled bar so as to leave lugs at each end
of the grooved ribs; forcibly separating the two grooved ribs so as to straighten
out the curved connecting piece; bending down the grooved ribs so that the
grooves in them are directed away from each other; curving and bending the
straightened connecting piece to the shape of a nose-piece for the spectacles;
bending the grooved ribs outward into eyes to receive the lenses of the spectacles;
shaping the lugs at the ends of the grooved bars to receive screws by which they
are attached together, and the lenses are held; substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 1 to 13.
2. The fastenings for the sides or temples of spectacles, consisting of recesses
upon the adjoining faces of the lugs by which the grooved frames round the
lenses are attached together, pins being formed out of the solid metal and left
standing, at the centres of the recesses, the ends of which pins abut against each
other when the lugs are screwed together, the pins forming a pivot for the ends
of the sides or temples, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 7, 8,
9, 10, and 11.
3.-A frame for a single lens made from a bar of channel-shaped section, by
making a transverse V-shaped groove across the bottom of the bar, and cutting
transverse slots completely through the bar at each side of the V-shaped groove:
forming at each end of the grooved rib so formed a lug cut out of the flanges of
the bar; bending round the grooved rib to form an eye to receive a lens to be
used for the making of "pince-nez," substantially as described and illustrated.
4. A frame for a single lens, made from a bar of channel-shaped section,
by making a transverse V-shaped groove across the bottom of the bar, and

page_text: cutting transverse slots completely through the bar at each side of the V-shaped
groove; forming at each end of the grooved rib so formed a lug cut out of the
flanges of the bar; bending round the grooved rib to form an eye to receive a
lens and forming recesses in the faces of the lugs at the ends of the grooved rib,
pins being left standing at the centre of the recesses, the ends of which pina
abut against each other when the lugs are screwed together and form a pivot to
receive a side piece or temple for use in spectacle making, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figure 12.
5. The combination, in a machine for making spectacle frames, of a base g,
standard h, bridge-piece i, screw &, hand wheel 7, presser foot m, pivotted sup-
ports n, adjusted by screws r, transverse slide beds, sliding carriage t, feedscrew u
turning in bearings v, wo, tangent toothed wheel .r, endless screw y, turning in
brackets z, pulley 1, cord 2, drum 3, turning in bearings 4, 5, in bracket 6, cord 7,
pulley 8, driving spindle 9, turning in bearings 10, driving pulley 11, cord 12,
bracket 13, spindle 14, handle 15, crankpin 16, slot 17, tooth 18, bar 19, and
guide 20, toothed wheels 21, 22, 23, spindle 24, bearings 25, milling V-shaped
cutter 26, frame 27 pivotted to carriage at 29, 30, frame 28 pivotted to carriago t
at 31, 32, spring 33 separating the pivotted frames, spindles 34, 35, turning in
bearings in the pivotted frames, and carrying U-shaped milling cutters, toothed
wheel 36 gearing with wheel 21, toothed wheel 37 gearing with toothed wheel upon
spindle 35, spindle cama 38, 39, turning in lugs 40, 41 upon beds, connecting
rod 42, lever 43 turning on centre 44 in carriage t, and provided with stud 45,
connecting rod 46, lever 47 turning upon centre 48, and provided with stud 49,
toothed wheels 50, 51, coupling together the spindle cams 38, 39, handle 52,
flattened sides to the spindle cams 38, 39, stop-screw 53, pivotted bracket 54,
fixed plate 55, and adjustment screws 56, 57, all substantially as set forth.
G. The combination, in a machine for making spectacle frames, of the trans-
verse slide bed s, sliding carriage (, feedscrew u, turning in bearings, w, means
for revolving the screw ", driving spindle 9 turning in bearings 10, driving
pulley 11, cord 12, means for coupling and uncoupling the carriage t to the
screw 2, toothed wheels 21, 22, 23, spindle 24, bearings 25, milling V-shaped
cutter 26, frame 27 pivotted to carriage t at 29, 30, frame 28 pivotted to carriaget
at 31, 32, spring 33, spindles 34, 35, turning in bearings in the pivotted
frames 27, 28, and carrying U-shaped milling cutters, toothed wheel 36 gear-
ing with wheel 21, toothed wheel 37 gearing with toothed wheel upon spindle 35,
spindle cams 38, 39, turning in bearings 40, 41, upon bed s, connecting rod 42,
lover 43, turning on centre 44 on carriage t, stud 45, connecting rod 46, lever 47
turning on centre 48, stud 49, toothed wheels 50, 51, coupling together the
spindle cams 38, 39, handle 52, flattened sides to the spindle cams 38, 39, and
means for adjusting and firmly holding the channelled bar a whilst it is being
operated upon by the milling cutters, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination, in a machine for making spectacle frames, of the
standard h, bridge-piece i, screw k, hand wheel 7, presser foot m, pivotted sup-
port adjustable by screws r, substantially as and for the purposo set forth.
8. The screw u having threads of variable pitch, for feeding the carriage t
along the beds at a speed variable in different parts of its stroke, substantially
Possi
a
the
th
Dated this 1st day of June 1800.
EDWARDS AND Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.