IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE LUBRICATION OF MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Rea, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO THE LUBRICATION OF MACHINERY."
Sealed the 22nd June 1566, and dated the 27th December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Rea at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1865.
I, JOSHUA REA, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS APPLICABLE TO THE LUBRICATION OF MACHINERY," to be as follows (that is
to say):―
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the mechanical
apparatus for lubricating machinery and preserving the oil, and consists of
a small chamber for containing the supply of oil or other lubricating
material, which it is preferred to form with a funnel or other suitably
shaped top, which is perforated or formed with a wire gauze, hair.cloth, or
some porous material immediately above the chamber containing the lubri-
cating material, and upon which grating or porous top, at the bottom of
the funnel or other suitably shaped receiver, is laid one or more folds of
"swanskin" or moleskin cloth, charcoal, or any other suitable filtring
material. The bottom of the supply chamber is fitted with an horizontal
cylinder open at the inner end, and which cylinder is fitted with an
archimedean screw having the shaft projecting through a gland on the
cover of the cylinder, and on the eud of which shaft is fitted a small
Price Rd 1

page_text: V-grooved pulley and actuated by means of a small band, by preference of
india-rubber, which passes over a revolving shaft. One side of the outer
end of the cylinder is provided with a small metal or other pipe or tube,
the extreme end of which is fitted with a jet or nose piece, which is carried
to the journal or other bearing to be lubricated. The supply chamber with
its horizontal piston and funnel or other suitably shaped head is suspended
immediately below the bearing, so that any excess of oil will fall into the
enlarged head of the receiver on to the filtring material or materials through
which it descends into the supply chamber, or it may be placed in any
other convenient situation provided the oil or other lubricating material
falling from the journal or other bearing is received and conveyed by a
suitable channel to be reconveyed to the supply chamber, passing through
the filtring material or materials on its passage thereto.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-On the shaft over which the
driving band passes being set in motion the archimedean screw is caused to
rotate by motion communicated from the driving shaft through the driving
band, also to the small V pulley and axles of the archimedean screw within
the horizontal cylinder, which draws the oil or other lubricating material
from the supply chamber and forces the same up through the pipe and
out through the nozzle or jet on the end thereof on to the bearing to be
lubricated, thus causing a continual circulation of the oil or other lubri-
cating material. In lieu of the small horizontal archimedean screw pump
a small ordinary lift or force pump may be used, but it is preferred to use
the archimedean screw and horizontal cylinder as herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joshua Rea in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
REA, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joshua Rea, Her special licence that I, the
said Joshua Rea, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others

page_text: as I, the said Joshua Rea, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE LUBRICATION OF MACHINERY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joshua Rea, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua Rea, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This my said Invention has for its object certain improvements in the
mechanical apparatus for lubricating machinery and preserving the oil,
and consists of a small chamber for containing the supply of oil or other
lubricating material, which it is preferred to form with a funnel or other
suitably shaped top, which is perforated or formed with a wire gauze, hair
cloth, or some porous material immediately above the chamber containing
the lubricating material, and upon which grating or porous top at the
bottom of the funnel or other suitably shaped receiver is laid one or more
folds of "swanskin" or "moleskin" cloth, charcoal, or any other suitable
filtring material. The bottom of the supply chamber I fit with an horizontal
cylinder fitted at. the inner end with a cylinder cover, and which cylinder
contains a screw or cylindrical piston having a spiral groove cut round its
surface, and the shaft of which screw or or screwed cylinder projects
through a gland on the cover of the cylinder, and on the end of which
shaft is fitted a small pulley which is actuated by means of a small driving
band which passes over a revolving shaft. One side of the outer end of
the cylinder is provided with a small metal or other pipe or tube, the
extreme end of which is fitted with a jet or nose piece, which is carried to
the journal or other bearing to be lubricated. The supply chamber with
its horizontal piston and funnel or other suitably shaped head is suspended
immediately below the bearing, so that any excess of oil will fall into the
enlarged head of the receiver on to the filtring material or materials
through which it descends into the supply chamber, or it may be placed

page_text: in any other convenient situation provided the oil or other lubricating
material falling from the journal or other bearing is received and conveyed
by a suitable channel to be reconveyed to the supply chamber passing
through the filtring material or materials on its passage thereto.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-On the shaft over which the
driving band passes being set in motion the screw or screwed revolving
piston is caused to rotate by motion communicated from the driving shaft
through the driving band, small pulley and axles of the screw or
revolving screwed cylindrical piston within the horizontal cylinder, which
draws the oil or other lubricating material from the supply chamber, and
forces the same up through the pipe and out through the nozzle or jet on
the end thereof on to the bearing to be lubricated, thus causing a con-
tinual circulation of the oil or other lubricating material. In lieu of the
small horizontal screw or revolving screwed cylindrical piston a small
ordinary lift or force pump may be used, but I have found from practise
that the ordinary lift or force pump does not act near so well as the
revolving screwed cylindrical piston, and therefore I wish it to be under-
stood that I make no claim for the use of the lift or force pump as herein-
before described.
That this my said Invention may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, I have hereunto annexed Drawings of one of my improved lubricating
apparatus applied to a hanger. Like letters of reference marked thereon
are used to denote similar parts.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one of my improved journal lubricating
instruments as applied to a hanger, showing a portion of the shaft and
journal, and Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the same.
A, revolving shaft; B, the hanger; C, the brasses; D, the cap of
bearing; E, the cup into which the supply of oil or other lubricating material
is placed, and into which falls from the bearing any excess of the lubricating
matter, and the bottom of which I prefer to cover with one or more folds
of the cotton cloth known as "swanskin" or "moleskin." This receiver is
fitted on the head of F, a small vertical cylindrical chamber containing
charcoal or other filtering media, which rests on G a perforated or grated
bottom through which the oil or other lubricator descends into H an
horizontal cylinder, which is fitted with J, a cylindrical revolving piston
which has a spiral groove or screw cut round it, as shown by the dotted
lines; K, axle of revolving cylinder; L, pipe screwed into M a collar on
the top of the horizontal cylinder, which passes through N a pin bracket
screwed into the side of the bottom of the hanger, and is fitted with Pa

page_text: set screw for holding and regulating the height of the apparatus. The
position of the nozzle or discharge pipe is shown in partial dotted lines;
Q, driving pulley on the end of the revolving piston axle, over which
travels R small driving band, which receives motion from the revolving
shaft A.
It will be readily seen by those acquainted with the art that this my
said Invention can be readily adapted to the lubrication of all descriptions
of machinery bearings where oil or other fluid lubricator is used, and that
the cylinder containing the revolving piston may be placed vertically or
obliquely in place of horizontally.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the best means I am acquainted with to practically carry
the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the relative proportions or external form of the apparatus, as it
will be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention, but what I claim as new and my Invention
is,-
First, the open mouth receiver in connexion with the filtring chamber
in combination with the cylinder fitted with the vertical delivery pipe,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
Secondly, the revolving cylindrical piston having a screwed channel
formed round its cylindrical surface, substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
Thirdly, the use of a spiral or screw revolving within the cylinder.
And, lastly, the general arrangement and combination of the several parts
of the apparatus, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Rea, have hereunto set my
hand and affixed my seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1866.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JOSHUA (L.s.) REA.