Improvements in Machinery for Scouring, Dyeing, and Drying · Hanks of Yarn.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 29th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 9th July,
1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Scouring, Dyeing, and Drying ·
Hanks of Yarn.
I, GEORGE MAUle Marchant, of Chapel Hill, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Brass Founder and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention consists in a new construction and arrangement of machine for
scouring, dyeing and drying hanks of yarn. For this purpose I employ any suitable
form of vessel or cistern for containing the scouring or dyeing liquor. Within the
said cistern is a horizontal shaft, at each end of which is fixed a disc suitably
driven. The hanks to be operated upon are placed parallel with the axis of
the disc and slung upon pairs of bobbins or rolls attached to adjustable pedestals or
brackets carried by the discs, and as the discs revolve the hanks are carried around
in the scouring or dyeing liquor. The pedestals are capable of being brought
nearer together or further apart to suit hanks of different lengths by means of nuts
and adjusting screws or cams and springs, and in order that the hanks may be more
freely subjected to the action of the scouring or dyeing liquor, I cause the said
hanks to be slack or in a loose condition when passing through the liquor, but
I cause the said hanks to be drawn more tightly when out of the liquor, and this I
effect by means of cams acting on the hank carrying pedestals which are made to
approach each other when in the liquor, but to be drawn further apart when out of
the liquor. In order to cause the hanks to travel over the bobbins so that the
liquor may act upon every part of the hank, I employ a pair of forks or hinged
jaws to each set of hanks, which forks or jaws are, by means of cams and springs,
caused to seize hold of the hanks and then to move forward horizontally, dragging
the hanks with them some little distance; afterwards the forks release their hold
and recede for the purpose of closing again upon the hanks when by another
advancing movement the hanks are carried forward again; and this goes on so long
as the machine is at work, whereby the position of the hanks upon their bobbins is
being continuously changed during the time they are being whirled around in the
liquor.
Instead of employing movable pedestals and hank carrying bobbins in com-
bination with rotating discs, they may be employed in connection with and placed
within the side of a stationary cistern, and each pair of pedestals and bobbins may
be withdrawn separately when required to change the hanks or the whole series or
set of pedestals and bobbins together with the hanks may be withdrawn from the
cistern and dropped or lowered into another cistern, as is sometimes required when
washing off, croming, and dyeing.
Another construction of machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks consists
in the employment of discs revolving in a cistern as in the previous case, but
instead of the hanks being placed parallel with the axes of the discs, I arrange them
radially to the disc's axes, carried by two sets of bobbins or rolls attached to the
said discs, such bobbins being capable of adjustment by means of screws, cams, or
springs nearer to or further from each other to suit the various lengths of banks,
and the hanks are slackened and tightened when in and out of the liquor respectively
by cams or springs in the manner as already described above; but in order to cause
the hanks to have an independent traversing motion around the bobbins which
carry them, the discs carry two parallel rollers, one of which may be centred
eccentrically or loaded. These pairs of rollers are placed about midway between
the bobbins which carry the hanks, such hanks lying between the said pair of
rollers, and at a given time during the disc's revolution the end of one of the said

page_text: rollers rides over a cam and is made to revolve, in doing which it binds the hanks
against the eccentrically centred roller or bar, dragging the hanks a few inches
around the bobbins, whereby they are made to change their relative positions whilst
being, whirled around. in the liquor.
The machine herein described is equally applicable for the drying of hanks,
in which case the cistern must be free from liquor and hot air blown or drawn
through.
Dated this 20th day of July 1801
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Scouring, Dyeing, and Drying
Hanks of Yarn.
I, GEORGE MAULE MARCHANT, of Chapel Hill, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Brass Founder and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in a new construction and arrangement of machine for
scouring, dyeing, and drying hanks of yarn.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood, reference is made to
the accompanying sheets of drawings wherein
Fig. 1, is sectional elevation of a machine for the above named purposes,
constructed and arranged according to my invention, and Fig. 2 is an end elevation
of same.
A represents a vessel or cistern for containing the scouring or dyeing liquor, the
bottom of which, is provided with steam pipes B for heating the liquor. C is the
main driving shaft driven by worm D and wheel E, but other mechanical arrange-
ments may be employed for driving same, and any known reversing motion may be
added for alternately reversing the motion of the machine. Near each end of the
main driving shaft C, is mounted a disc F made with sockets G into which
are inserted the ends of spokes or shafts H, made secure therein by any suitable
means. Near each end of these spokes are bosses I, made secure thereon by set
Screws a. These bosses are chambered out or formed with recesses, into which are
inserted the ends of the arms J, forming a frame which can be lifted bodily out of
the machine, and the hanks removed, or said frame may be inserted into another
dyeing or drying machine without removing the hanks, in addition to which, the
removal of the frame containing the hanks will be of great advantage when a series
of vessels are arranged side by side for dyeing, mordanting and washing off, as the
frame and hanks may be transferred from one vessel to another. The frame is
'secured to the spokes H by pins or studs m. Each end of these arms are made to
receive a pedestal K and K for the purpose of holding and supporting bobbins or
hank-carrying rollers L, around which the hank M is passed, and in order to adapt
the distance between the hank-carrying rollers to the size of the hanks which are
of varying lengths, the pedestal K' carrying the innermost bobbin or roller is.
adjustable by screw N, so that the said bobbin may be brought nearer to the centre
of the machine or placed further from it. After the bobbins or rollers are filled
with hanks rotary motion is imparted to the apparatus for the purpose of carrying
the hanks around in the liquor, whereby the operation of scouring or dyeing is
effected, but in order to cause the hauks to travel over their rollers so as to change
the position of the said hanks upon the rollers whilst they are being whirled around,
the outer hank-carrying roller is provided with a friction roller O, which ruller,
as the apparatus revolves, rides underneath the segment surface P', whereby the hank-
carrying roller is rotated, in doing which, the hank is made to travel, and this
happens when the hanks are in an elevated position and out of the liquor. The

page_text: segment surface P need not be rigid, but may be a yielding surface so as to adapt
itself to the roller O, and compensate for any of the parts wearing, to do which, the
surface P may be provided with springs or dead weights. This segment surface. P
may however be placed within the vessel, instead of outside as shewn in the
drawings, in this case the hanks would be rotated or made to traverse in the liquor.
In order that the tension of the hanks may be slackened when in the liquor, by
which I consider that the yarn will take the liquor better, .I cause the said hanks to
be in a slack condition when in the liquor, and for this purpose I place a semi-
circular surface Q within the bottom of the cistern or vessel, so that as the smali
roller R carried by the bracket S projecting from the outer pedestal K, rides over
the surface Q, the pedestali together with the hank-carrying roller is pushed
towards the centre of the apparatus according to requirements, whereby the hanks
are slackened, but as soon as the roller R arrives at the end of the semicircular
surface, the spiral spring T. forces the pedestal back again and so tightens the
hanks; by this means a perfectly, self acting and reliable machine for scouring,
dyeing, and drying, hanks is constructed. As the rollers which carry the hanks
have from time to time to be removed for, changing the banks, I provide a ready
means to permit this to be done, and to be put back again, and for this purpose the
end of each roller (see Fig. 3) is made with a small hole as shewn at 6 for taking
on to a peg or stud c.. This stud has a flange d against which a spiral spring e
is acting. This spring allows the stud to be forced inward when the, roller is
pulled off but the said spring, forces the stud c into the hole when the rollers are
put back. Another method of supporting the hank-carrying rollers is shewn in
Fig. 4 where is a loose stud; which is free to slide endwise, when the frame J is
removed from the bosses I, and clear of the flange of the roller.
1
Instead of tightening and slackening the hanks as above set forth, I may dispense
with the spiral spring T and employ instead thereof, wedge-shaped or inclined
surfaces U, one placed on each inner side and at opposite ends of the vessel, (see
Fig. 5) but in which only one cam surface is shewn. In this case the outer bosses 1,
are each made to receive opposing wedges V, V', the latter of which, as the
apparatus revolves, ride against the cam surfaces U, on both entering and emerging
from the liquor, so as to release the wedges V and slacken the hanks whilst passing.
through the liquor, and again tighten the banks on passing out of the liquor. The
wedges V are caused to move together by a connecting sliding rod V2. When the
wedges V are forced to the left by engagement with the cam surface U and
release the wedges V, the latter are forced nearer the centre of the machine, and in
contact with the wedges V1 by the small rollers R engaging with the surface Q
which causes the spindles carrying said rollers to abut against the shaft of the
hank-carrying roller L and ensures the movement of the latter and the wedges V
towards the centre of the machine thereby slackening the hanks. The cam.
surface at the opposite end and side of the vessel re-instates the parts in the
positions shewn on the drawings and tightens, the hanks. Fig. 6. is sectional plan
of this method of tightening the hanks and Fig. 7 end view thereof...
•
Another method of slackening the hank when in the liquor and of tightening the
hank when out of the liquor. is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, the former of which, is
side elevation, and the latter end elevation of the parts. In this case the pedestal K
which carries the hank-carrying roller L is adapted to slide end wise in a slot in the
frame J which also receives an eccentric. W., the stud of which, carries a roller X.
Within the inner sides of the vessel cam surfaces are arranged for the roller X to
ride over, the effect of which, is to turn the said roller and the eccentric, causing
the latter to force the pedestal K and hank-carrying roller outwards and tighten
the hanks which have been slackened by the action of the rollers R upon the
surface Qas previously set forth, such said eccentric being an equivalent device to
the springs T herein before described for forcing back the hank-carrying roller to
its original position after the small rollers R leave the semicircular surface Q.
In another method, the outer hank-carrying roller L is mounted eccentrically on
a disc Y (see Fig. 10) which comes into contact (when the machine-is-revolving)

page_text: against inclined surfaces which will slacken and tighten the hanks, in this case
the periphery of the roller Y is indented to receive the flat spring Z which
prevents the said roller turning round when not required.
Instead of causing the inner roller to be removed nearer to or further from the
centre of the machines for adapting the rollers to hanks of different lengths,
by means of the screw N as set forth in the earlier part of this Specification, the
face plate F (see Figs. 11 and 12) may be made with radial projecting arms h
which are grooved to receive the ends of the arms or spokes H which can be
adjusted in their length outwardly or inwardly and secured by set screws k. The
spokes H are provided with one, two or more holes g into any of which the
hank-carrying roller may be inserted according as the banks are long or short.
In Fig. 13 (Sheet 4) I have shewn another method of how the distance apart of
the hank-carrying rollers may be adjusted to suit hanks of different lengths.
J represents the frame as before, and L one of the rollers. In this case I employ a
number of bobbins L' carried by the yokes L' provided with a screwed stud L³
passing through cross rail L such yokes being adjustable by winged nut L' by
which it will be seen that the bobbins L' can be brought nearer to or further from
the roller L.
The machine herein described is equally applicable for the drying of hanks,
in which case the cistern must be free from liquor and hot air blown or drawn
through.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:-
Firstly. In a machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks, the method sub-
stantially as herein shewn and described for causing the hank-carrying rollers to
revolve by frictional contact.
Secondly. In a machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks, the several
methods herein shewn and described for slackening and tightening the hanks during"
the dyeing operation.
Thirdly. In a machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks of yarn, the use of
friction driving rollers for changing position of hanks, in combination with the
several methods of slackening and tightening hanks of yarn.
Fourthly. In a machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks of yarn, the use
of the removeable frame J for holding the rollers or bobbins, as described and
shewn herein.
Fifthly. In a machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks of yarn, the
methods herein shewn and described for adjusting the bobbins for adapting them to
hanks of different lengths.
Sixthly. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming my improved
machine for scouring, dyeing and drying hanks of yarn, in the manner substantially
as herein shewn and described.
Dated this 28th day of April 1892.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.