Improvements in Pneumatic Tires.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th July, 1893-Accepted, 20th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tires.
We, WILLIAM ROCKLIFFE Engineer of 3 Side Cliff, Roker, and EMANUEL
GOLDMAN, Manager, of 16 Norfolk Street both in Sunderland in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic tires and has for its object
the construction of such tires so as to render same reversible, thereby presenting a
great advantage over those now in use since should the outer or travelling surface
become damaged and so let the air out, the tire can be quickly reversed and
inflated.
According to our invention to the upper and lower parts of the usual air tube
we attach protecting travelling surfaces or covers of rubber or other usual
material and we arrange the non-return air valve or valves inside the tire instead
of outside as is now always the case and the external orifice or connection thereto
for the inflator nozzle may be arranged in the sides so as to leave the two travelling
surfaces clear.
In all other types of tires there is only one travelling surface but by our
invention two are provided so that if the one in use is damaged the tire can be at
once reversed so that the damaged part or parts lies or lie next the wheel rim
whereby all openings are effectually closed.
These reversible tires may vary in form some being circular and some oval in
cross section as required and the tire may be secured to the rim either by lacing
together overlapping flaps arranged at or about its centre on each side or by air
pressure or by other suitable means.
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A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
3, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tires.
We, WILLIAM ROCKLIFFE Engineer of 3 Side Cliff, Roker and EMANUEL
GOLDMAN Manager of 16 Norfolk Street both in Sunderland in the County of
Durham do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic tires and has for its object
the construction of such tires so as to render the same reversible thereby presenting
a great advantage over those now in use since should the outer or travelling surface
become damaged the tire can be quickly detached reversed and inflated.
To accomplish this result we form the tire with double or oppositely-arranged
travelling trod-surfaces or covers of rubber or other usual material and we prefer
to place the inflation nozzles or valves at the sides of the tire so as to leave the
working or travelling surfaces clear. Further where desirable the inflation or
non-return air valves may be placed inside the tire instead of outside as is now
generally the case and at the sides to correspond with the nozzles aforesaid.
In all other types of tires there is only one travelling surface but by our
invention two are provided so that if the one in use is damaged the tire can be

page_text: at once reversed so that the damaged part or parts lies or lie next the wheel rim
whereby all openings are effectually closed.
These reversible tires may vary in form some being circular and some oval in
cross section as required and the tire may be secured to the rim either by lacing
together overlapping flaps arranged at or about its centre on each side or by air
pressure or by other suitable means.
We will fully describe our invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which Figures 1 and 2 show two cross sections and part elevational views of
putumatio tires constructed in accordanco with our invention and in the following
description like marks of reference designate like parts.
Referring to the drawings it will be seen that to the upper and lower parts. of
the usual air tube a we attach in a permanent manner so as to form part of or ap
addition to the air tube protecting travelling surfaces or covers of rubber or other
usual material at and we arrange the non-return air valve or valves a³ by preference
inside the tire instead of outside as is now generally the case and the external
orifice a³ or connection thereto for the inflator nozzle may be arranged in the sides
so as to leave the two travelling surfaces a¹ clear. By inserting the inflator
nozzle into the small hole at as the act of inflation lifts the valve off its seat &
allows air to pass into the tire; the pressure inside the tire keeps the valve on
its seat.
The valve a' may however be connected to a short tube t secured or let into the
inflation tube in the usual way. In this case the valve may remain and be secured
underneath the rim as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Thus if one travelling surface becomes damaged or is worn out the opposite
travelling surface can by reversing the tire the trods of which are secured to the
air tube as above described be substituted in which case the damaged side of the
tire rests in the rim groove or should a puncture occur in that portion of the tire
being used corresponding to the width of the rim whereby the air can escape from
the inflation tube then by the application of a little cement to the punctured surface
and by reversing the tire the puncture will be brought against the rim and on
inflation the pressure will squeeze the punctured part against the rim so as to
effectually seal it against further escape of air.
We thus obtain a double-trodded pneumatic tire with lateral inflation valves or
nozzles which permits of the tire being readily used in a reversed position should
occasion therefor occur.
The tire so constructed may be secured to the rim by means of canvas or other
flaps a which may be extensions of a canvas lining a interposed between the
inflation tube and the working or external tires. These flaps will be arranged
centrally and on exactly opposite sides of the tires and the fastenings may be made
secure to the rim by lacing together the flaps underneath the rim or by providing
in the flap edges at suitable distances apart eyelet holes which can be hooked onto
hooks or projections formed on the external surface of the rim. In the latter case
the air pressure inside the inflation tube after inflation will keep the eyelets fast on
the hooks or projections aforesaid or the flap edges may be thickened by the
provision of a thin wire hoop woven or otherwise secured in the flap edges (as shown
in Figure 1) and in this case the thickened edges of the flaps may rest and be
secured in a recess formed on or in the inner surface of the rim as is now already a
common custom. In reversing a tire with flaps as just described the flaps them-
selves will be simply turned over in a radial manner so that what formed before the
inner surface will now become the outer surface of the flap.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular method of fastening the tire to the
rim as any convenient method may be employed.
Thus in Figure 2 a double trodded tire is shown with circular ridges r of
diamond section formed on the tire and adapted to fit into similar formations on the
rim. Such a rim may form nearly a semi-circle in section and the reversing of
such a tire can be effected (by releasing the air from the inflation tube) in a very
few minutes.

page_text: Similarly a reversible tire may be constructed by making a double trodded rubber
or compound tube with a central division of rubber or rubber and canvas thus
forming the double trodded tube into two distinct semicircular tubes each of which
will be provided with means for inflation at the sides and in the usual way. One
of such sides can be placed in the rim in a collapsed state, the opposite side
being inflated (over or upon the collapsed side) for use as a tire and when required,
such a tire can be reversed by releasing the air in the tire, by reversing the sides
and by using the previously collapsed side as the tire; in such a case the tire would
be provided with central lateral flaps (such as are shown in Figure 1) for securing
by lacing or otherwise the tire in or on the rim.
By another modification, a reversible tire may be constructed by using reversing
flaps (such as are shown in Figure 1) and by forming on the edges of such flaps
diamond-shaped enlargements (such as are shown in Figure 2 at r) adapted to fit
into similar formations in the rim edges.
It is obvious that there are many ways and modifications of ways for constructing
a pneumatic reversible tire and we wish it to be understood that it is the rendering
of a pneumatic tire capable of being reversed which forms the substance of this
invention and therefore
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
A reversible pneumatic tire consisting in the provision of double or opposite
trods or travelling surfaces on the tire with means for inflating the tire at the sides
the tire being secured to the rim by means of reversible lateral flaps as shown in
Figure 1 or by lateral ribs as shown in Figure 2 or by stitching or lacing the flaps
under the rim or when flaps are not employed by any of the methods now in use
and applicable for that purpose substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 14th day of July 1893.
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.