IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARAFFIN AND OTHER LIKE OILS FROM SHALE, CANNEL, AND OTHER MINERALS."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Parkin, of Tryddyn, in the County of
Flint, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARAFFIN AND OTHER LIKE OILS FROM
SHALE, CANNEL, AND OTHER MINERALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Parkin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1863.
I, GEORGE PARKIN, of Tryddyn, in the County of Flint, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARAFFIN AND OTHER LIKE OILS FROM SHALE,
CANNEL, AND OTHER MINERALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of the apparatus employed as above
mentioned, wherein the minerals to be subjected to heat to distil over or drive
off the volatile or oily portions are placed, and such apparatus is usually known
as the "retort."
My improvements consist in constructing, casting, or otherwise forming the
said apparatus or retort with one or more flues, pipes, or passages therein to
carry thereinto and therethrough the flames or heated gases from a furnace
arranged in relation to the "retort" in any usual or convenient manner.
apparatus or retort on this principle of construction, however, which at present
The

page_text: I prefer, is of the horizontal class, larger than those now in use, and provided
with four flues carried from the back forward near to the mouth, where by
bends they are carried outwards through the sides into the furnace flues to a
convenient position to receive the flame or heated gases, as above mentioned,
supply hoppers, openings for carrying off the products, and doors for with-
drawing the exhausted materials being provided.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Parkin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
PARKIN, of Tryddyn, in the County of Flint, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Parkin, Her special license that I, the said George
Parkin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Parkin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARAFFIN AND OTHER LIKE OILS
FROM SHALE, CANNEL, AND OTHER MINERALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Parkin, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Parkin, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say :-
My Invention relates to that part of the apparatus employed as above
mentioned, wherein the minerals to be subjected to heat to distil over or drive

page_text: off the volatile or oily portions are placed, and such apparatus is usually
known as the "retort."
My improvements consist in constructing, casting, or otherwise forming the
said apparatus or retort with one or more flues, pipes, or passages therein to
carry thereunto and therethrough the flames or heated gases from a furnace
arranged in relation to the retort, in any usual or convenient way. The
apparatus or retort on this principle of construction, however, which at present
I prefer, is of the horizontal class, larger than than those now in use, and
provided with four flues carried from the back forward near to the mouth,
where by bends they are carried outwards through the sides into the furnace
flues to a convenient position to receive the flame or heated gases, as above
mentioned, supply hoppers, openings for carrying off the products, and doors
for withdrawing the exhausted materials being provided.
That the details of an apparatus or retort constructed according to my
Invention may be clearly seen and understood, I have hereunto attached a
Sheet of illustrative Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a
front end elevation, Fig. 3 a back end elevation, Fig. 4 a transverse section
at A, B, Fig. 5 a transverse section at C, D, Fig. 6 a longitudinal and vertical
section at E, F, and Fig. 7 a longitudinal and horizontal section G, H, all of
a cast-iron horizontal apparatus or retort with four pipes or flues therein. In
all the views like letters denote the same parts.
a denotes the body of the retort; b, the hoppers, through which the coal,
shale, or other mineral is supplied; c, hopper covers, which fit close and
prevent escape, and cause the volatile products to pass outwards by the exit
pipe d, which may be connected to refrigerating pipes or other condensing
apparatus; e, the door piece, shewn cast with the body of the retort, through
which the coke, ashes, or other waste or useful material is removed after the
oily products have been distilled over; or, if desired, through which the shale,
coal, or other mineral may be fed by hand tools or otherwise; f, the door
or cover, with lifting handles g; other fastening arrangements than the bolts
and nuts shewn can be employed; h, the pipes or flues through which the
flame or heated gases pass; they are shewn fastened to the body of the
apparatus or retort by rust joints i, and are supported by the metal pieces j.
Various details may be advantageously introduced in the manufacture of
my apparatus or retorts to suit the character of the substance from which the
oil is to be obtained. The apparatus or retort might be cast in two lengths,
and then joined together, so that the junction would strengthen the whole, and
prevent "sagging." The top of the apparatus might be cast separately, and
then joined to the other part of the body. Strengthening ribs might be added

page_text: at different parts. A larger or smaller number than four pipes or flues could
be employed of diameter or area to suit the size of the apparatus.or retort
and the nature of the heating fuel used, and such pipes or flues could be made
of any suitable material or form, and carried in and through the apparatus or
retort in vertical, angular, or other convenient manner. The mouth-piece can
be cast separately. In setting the apparatus or retort shewn in the Drawings,
the usual horizontal course would be followed, with such modifications for
support and protection as may be considered necessary to maintain the whole
in position.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn practical
details of the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details shewn on the Drawings, nor to the material or materials of
which the apparatus or retort may be made; what I claim is, constructing,
casting, or otherwise forming apparatus or retorts employed in the manufacture
of paraffin and other like oils from shale, cannel, and other minerals with one
or more flues, pipes, or passages therein to carry thereunto and therethrough
the flames or heated gases from the furnace or heating means in connection
with the said apparatus or retorts, and so to divide them internally that heat
shall be more uniformly communicated to the shale, cannel, or other mineral
than has hitherto been the case.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Parkin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
In the presence of,
JOHN THOMSON KING, Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square, Liverpool.
GEORGE PARKIN. (LS.)