Improvements in Scaffolding.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1850-Accepted, 13th Jan. 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Scaffolding.
JOSEPH BECKER, of 42 Alma Square, St. John's Wood, N.W., in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is to construct scaffolding apparatus to be used for all
sorts of purposes, especially in the building trade, whereby in their quick erection,
movable action and safety, work will be greatly facilitated.
My invention consists of a stands resting on a bottom frame..
A part of the top plate of the stand has an opening to admit of the reception of a
vertical screw or male screwed sleeve which I shall call further upright.
This opening will be replaced by a small sleeve projecting at bottom with an
opening at each side; fitted to a sleeve, which is fitted to the upright and fastened to
the top plate of the stand.
The bottom frame is to be fitted with cogged wheels and a driving wheel with
handle, for turning the upright.
Screws with square tops and female screws are provided which will be turned with
a key so as to partly lift or lower the stand and to give the upright the direction
required.
Wheels and endless chains will be used for turning several screws together, and an
extra plate will be used for the reposal of stand.
This extra plate or stand may be fitted with wheels or rollers for shifting.
To the upright I shall fit two or more sleeves upon which male screws are formed.
In fitting two sleeves there will be a short and a long one.
The short will be used for tightening upright on ceiling or other places having
fittings of various kinds as nut, collar, the latter fitting to the inside at top of sleeve
to which a plate is fixed with a pin.
This plate can be stuffed or lined so as not to damage the place where it is
screwed on.
It also may have projection inside fitted with rollers which fit in grooves provided
on upright, so as to push or turn them straight up; and in case of pushing sleeve up
a nut will be placed between the two sleeves.
In some cases a special small sleeve is used to which bars are fixed to the top nut
or collar running out horizontally and sloping inward to a collar or nut.
This top nut or lower collar is connected by a sleeve, or rods.
These bars may also run horizontally from the lower collar, and slope diagonally up
to the top nut.
To the greater part of the long sleeve male screws are formed to which nuts,
cogged-wheels and chain-wheels are fitted, the nuts travelling on the screws and
having forms of various kinds, as square or oblong.
To these square or oblong nuts bars are fitted running horizontally outward and
are connected at ends with bars running diagonally to a collar or nut.
This collar or nut is connected with the top nut by rods passing through holes
provided on nut and collar, and connecting and fitting, nut, collar and bars together.
To this nut screws and sleeves are fitted running horizontally out.
Two wheels are fitted to the sleeves, one end of the sleeve is fitted with a nut the
other is closed and a plate is affixed to it with a pin.
When the nut has travelled the height required the sleeves are fastened to the wall
to steady the scaffolding.
The lower part of the long sleeve may be ribbed or fitted with a ribbed sleeve, and

page_text: the long sleeve when fitted on upright will repose on a cogged nut which can be
attached and detached on upright and sleeve.
When this nut is fastened on sleeve, a cogged wheel will turn the ribbed part and
send the sleeve up.
The sleeve catching the upper nut will turn or push up the short sleeve to the
ceilings or other places and tighten it on.
When this is done the long sleeve is turned down to its first position, the nut is
detached from the sleeve and fastened to the upright.
Then the sleeve will be turned by a cogged wheel and will send up and down the
travelling nut or nuts...
Rods of various lengths will be used to connect one stand with another and will
be fixed to the small sleeves which are attached to the top plate of the stands.
These rods are fitted with sleeves having cogged wheels at both ends and are to be
used for turning the connected uprights.
The upright from which the other uprights are turned has wheels fitted in various
ways.
A mitre wheel is fitted and fastened to the upper end of the small sleeve which is
fixed to the top plate of the stand.
Another mitre wheel is fitted and fastened to the long sleeve.
Between these two wheels two other mitre wheels are placed which may be fitted to
a collar having cylinder projection the collar being fitted to the long sleeve.
These two mitre wheels may also be attached to a cover which has the form of
a cogged wheel.
This form is turned by a driving wheel with a handle which also turns the sleeves
which are fitted to the connecting rods.
Special cogged wheels are provided for turning the ribbed part of the long sleeve.
The travelling nuts are connected from one upright to another by various forms on
which the workmen will stand and perform their work, and which will be sent up and
down as required.
In using the uprights outside on houses I shall in some cases fit on long sleeves
instead of short ones, and shall also provide various fittings to windows to receive and
fasten upright on same, and shall use pulleys for hoisting them up.
In adopting screwed sleeves as uprights I shall fit the same for strengthening
purposes with a cylinder form having projection and the upright, cylinder and sleeves
can be lengthened and shortened at will.
Endless chains will be provided for turning uprights and sleeves.
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2000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Scaffolding.
I JOSEPH BECKER of No. 42 Alma Square, Saint John's Wood, London N.W. in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to construct scaffolding apparatus to be used for all
sorts of purposes, especially in the building trade whereby in their quick erection,
movable action and safety work will be greatly facilitated.
My invention is illustrated by Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings and consists of
stands a resting on a bottom frame a¹. The top plate a² of the stand has an opening
to admit of the reception of a vertical screw 6 or male-screwed sleeve which I shall
call further " upright."
This opening will be replaced and fastened to the top plate a² of the stand.
Bars a³ a are fitted one opposite the other at the bottom of the frame pointing to
the top plate a² of the stand and are fitted to the plates a' a³. In these bars holes are

page_text: drilled, one hole in the bar a is to receive the spindle c of the driving wheel c¹ having
a handle c² and their fittings which are attached to the bar or stand.
Near the top of the bar at a sleeve d¹ is fitted, male screws are formed upon the
sleeve and near the end of the said sleeve a screwed hole is made provided with a.
screw d² which is used to fasten the sleeve to the bar when required.
To this sleeve a bevel wheel d is fitted having a continuation of a perpendicularly
cogged cylinder d*, a screwed hole is made in the centre of the bevel wheel used to
fit it to the screwed sleeve d' on the bar. Transverse holes are made in the wheel
which are fitted with pins d³ to fasten the wheel to its sleeve when required.
The opposite hole in the other bar a³ is to receive the connecting sleeve ƒ, which is
fitted on ends with bevel wheels f¹ for turning the other uprights. These sleeves may
if preferred be telescopic.
Screws a* with square tops and female screws, are provided which will be turned
with a key so as to partly lift or lower the stand and give the upright the direction
required.
Wheels and endless chains may be used for turning several screws together and an
extra plate g will be used for the reposal of the stand. This extra plate or stand g
may be fitted with wheels or rollers g for shifting.
To the upright b I shall fit two or more sleeves, there will be a short one h, and a
long one . The short one will be used for tightening upright on ceilings or other
places, having fittings of various kinds, as nuts, collars and flange wheels as shewn by
Fig. 2, which is a vertical section of the short sleeve h with its fittings. The collar
or cylindrical piece j fitting to the inside at top of the sleeve h is also affixed to the
sleeve and a plate is affixed to the collar or cylindrical piece ; with a pin j² so that
the said plate
free to turn independently of the sleeve. This plate can be stuffed
or lined so as not to damage the place where it is screwed on. In some cases a
special small sleeve is used to which bars are fixed to the top nut or collar, the bars
running out horizontally and sloping inward to a collar or nut. This top nut or lower
collar is connected by a sleeve or rods.
These bars may also run horizontally from the lower collar and slope diagonally up
to the top nut.
To the greater part of the long sleeve i male screws are formed to which nuts, bevel
wheels, flange and chain wheels are fitted (see Figs. 6 and 7 which are respectively a
vertical section and plan of the nuts with their fittings). The nuts k. k¹, travelling on
the screws, having forms of various kinds as square or oblong.
From the square or oblong nuts k bars k*k* run or are fitted horizontally outward.
Holes are made in the ends of these horizontal bars, and their ends are connected by
other bars running diagonally to the collar or nut, k¹ in which also holes are drilled
in ends and the ends are bolted and screwed together with nuts. This collar or nut k¹
is connected with the top nut k by rods, k³; upon the ends of these rods male screws
are formed, the rods pass through the holes made in nut, k and collar k¹ and are
screwed together with nuts.
To the nut k screws (Figs. 6 & 7) or male screwed sleeves are fitted, sleeves / are
fitted to the screws 1, one end of the sleeve l, is fitted with a nut 12, the other end is
closed and a plate 13 is affixed to it with a pin 14. Two flange or composite wheels m, n
are fitted to the sleeve and are formed as follows (see Figs. 3, 4 & 5):—
In the neck m¹ of the flange wheel a hole m² is made from one end to the other to
be used to fit the wheel to the sleeve.
To the neck of the wheel three flanges m³, m³, m³ are fitted, two close to the ends,
and one in the middle. A hole m* is made between each flange but the holes are on
opposite sides of the neck. In these holes the winding up cords are fastened. This
wheel I shall call the "composite flange wheel." The Hanges are preferably fitted
with ball bearings or rollers. In these three flanges two collars m are fitted so as to
move freely between the flanges, m³, m³, m³.
The collars are divided into two equal halves having a projection or lug m² on each
end, screwed holes are made in the projection or lug provided with screws m³ and are

page_text: fitted to the flanges and screwed together (see Fig. 3). An opening m³ (see Fig. 5)
is made in each collar and each opening is fitted with two spindles m10, m¹¹ the one
being perpendicular and the other horizontal. To each spindle a grooved wheel is
fitted and through the openings in each collar the winding-up cords pass. The cords
are made of a suitable material and fitted in the holes mx in the neck m¹ of the flange
wheels. Both cords are wound up in the same direction. In the composite flange
wheel in each end of the neck m¹ screwed holes 12 are made provided with screws to
be used to fasten the composite flange wheel to the sleeve. The composite wheels h1, h2
(similar in construction to those already described with reference to Figs. 3, 4, & 5)
are also fitted to the sleeves which are fitted on the uprights, and are used to send
the sleeves up and down.
When the cords are drawn on the composite wheel m the sleeve l, carried by the
nut k, revolves and fastens its plate 13 against the wall. When the cords are drawn
on the other composite wheel n the sleeve / revolves and unfastens the plate 1³ from
the wall. Screwed holes are made in the sleeves provided with screws to be used to
fasten the sleeves to the screws.
The upright from which the other uprights are turned has wheels fitted in various
ways (Fig. 8 shews one way). In a bevel or other wheel e holes are made from top to
bottom viz. A central hole for fitting the wheel to the upright and two holes, one
opposite the other, to receive each a mitre wheel p. At the bottom of the bevel
wheel e there are two projections, e¹ e¹ (see Fig. 8). Screwed holes are made in them
provided with screws ee which are used to fasten the bevel wheel e to a bottom mitre
wheel, r.
Holes are made across in the mitres p p and bevel wheel e, and the mitres are
attached to the bevel wheel by pins p₁ passing through the holes which are in the
bevel and mitre wheels..
The top and bottom parts of the bevel wheel are cut out so as to receive at top
and bottom a mitre wheel q and r, by these means the mitres are connected and fitted
to the bevel wheel e.
The bevel wheel e has also a continuation of a perpendicularly cogged cylinder, e³.
In the mitre wheel which is fitted in the bottom of the bevel wheel e a. central
hole is made and is used to fit the wheel to the upright. Female screws are
made in the hole, screwed holes are drilled in the neck provided with screws
which are used to fasten the wheel to the upright.
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At that part of the upright where the wheel r is fitted, male screws 6¹ are
formed (or a male-screwed collar may be fitted) fitting to the female screws
which are formed in the central hole of the bottom mitre wheel, r.
When the mitre wheel r is fastened to the upright the bevel wheel e is fitted to the
mitre wheel and upright and at the top of the bevel wheel the top mitre wheel
fitted.
is
The top part or neck q¹ of the top mitre wheel, q, is toothed or ribbed to receive and
attach the nut ¹ of the long sleeve or sleeves i to turn same. The bottom part of the
mitre wheel may have a neck q³ which is preferably fitted with bearings or rollers
descending the hole in the bevel wheel e and resting on the mitre wheel rat
bottom.
The driving wheel c¹ is cogged on both sides and fits between the bevel wheels e
and d which are on the upright b and bar a respectively.
When the upright is fastened at bottom by means of the bolt a to the bars as a
the driving wheel cl turns the bevel wheel e on the upright which causes the sleeve i
.to revolve and sends up the travelling nuts k.
When the upright is unfastened from the bars a³ a* the bevel wheel e is screwed
to the bottom mitre wheel r and this mitre wheel is unfastened from the upright.
The driving wheel c¹ turns the bevel wheel d on the bar a, sends up the bevel wheel e
on upright and brings the long sleeve i and nut i' up to the screw threads on the
upright.
When the bevel wheel e on the upright is brought down to its first position it is

page_text: unscrewed from the bottom mitre wheel and the latter is fastened to the upright.
Then the neck q' of the top mitre wheel g is fastened to the bar or stand, by the
screw a', the driving wheel c¹ is turned and sends up the long sleeve or sleeves i.
The travelling nuts k are connected from one upright to another with forms t, (one
of which is shewn in plan at Fig. 9 and section at Fig. 10) on which the workmen
will stand and perform their work. In some cases these forms are railed round for the
safety of the workmen.
The forms are of various kinds and are made of suitable material as boards, or
frames laced across with wires or cords.
In using boards slots t¹ are made in the centre of each end opposite one another so
that the boards fit on the uprights and sleeves. Holes t² are made in various places
which are used to fit and fasten the boards to the travelling nuts k. Half of the depth
of the boards at ends is cut away at t³ to fit one board over another, and for
strengthening purposes the ends may be fitted with iron or other metal plates. These
boards I shall call the forms. Boards u (see Figs. 11 & 12) are also used to lay across
from one form t to the other provided with fittings. The fittings are loops u¹ screwed
on the boards u underneath and pass through holes u² (Fig. 12) provided in the
forms being bolted and fastened underneath. The boards can also if preferred be
fitted with female screws provided with screws and be screwed on to the forms.
When sleeves, travelling nuts, composite wheels and driving wheels are fitted to
the upright and stands, the uprights are attached to the bars a³ at at bottom by the
bolt a (Fig. 1) the cords are drawn on the composite wheel 2 which is attached to
the small sleeve h and sends up the small sleeve. The uprights are unfastened and
the top mitre 9 is attached to the bars a³ on the stands by the pin a (Fig. 8). The
bevel wheel e is turned, turns the upright 6 and tightens the small sleeve to the
ceiling, after this the uprights are refastened at the bottom of the stands and the top
mitre unfastened. The forms are fitted to the travelling nuts k, the driving
wheel c with handle turns the bevel wheel e and causes the wheels f¹ to revolve
which are attached on the horizontal connecting sleeve which turns the connected
uprights and sends also the travelling nuts k and connected formis up and down as
required.
In using the upright outside on houses I shall in some cases fit on long sleeves
instead of short ones. The end of the upright may be without screws and the top
part is fitted in a socket with a square top or other formed cap to be used to rest on
the wall and the upright when turned revolves in the socket.
Various fittings are also provided on windows to receive or fasten the upright on
same, and pulleys are used to hoist them up. The fittings on windows are made up
of various frames (see Figs. 13, 14 & 15) made of different kinds of material as wood,
iron or other metal, or a combination of both.
The frames are divided into different parts as inside, outside, and upright fastening
frames. The in and outside frames A, A¹ and B, B' are alike and are as follows.
Two bars A A¹ one underneath the other standing out horizontally are connected
near each end with two bars A² A². In each bar holes are made at the top and near
bottom opposite one another.
Between the two bars A2 A2 a space A³ is left to be used to receive the upright
fastening frames C C and D D¹ and between these two bars screwed holes are made
in the top and bottom bar.
The upright fastening frames are alike and are composed of two bars C C and D D'
one underneath the other running out horizontally. Bars are fitted together by four
or more connecting bars C². Two of these bars run diagonally from the top to the
bottom bar and are crossed by the other bars running diagonally the opposite way.
Between the two crosses which the bars make screwed holes are made opposite one
another in the top and bottom of the bar.
When the outside frame is placed outside the window and the inside frame inside
the window the screws pass through the holes provided in the connecting bars and
screw the frames together.
Then the upright fastening frame placed in the space between the bars of the in

page_text: "
and outside frames. Parts of the upright fastening frame project outside the window
the screws passing through the holes fitted in the outside frame pass through the
upright fastening frame and screw the two frames together.
On the top or bottom of the projecting parts of the upright fastening frame
boards or plates with or without openings are fastened, to receive or fasten the
upright.
In adapting screwed sleeves as uprights I shall fit the same for strengthening
purposes with a cylinder form having projection, and the upright, cylinder form and
sleeve can be lengthened and shortened at will.
The sleeves are lengthened in various ways. In the inside of one sleeve I (Fig. 16)
at one end female screws are made and at the other end I' male screws are formed
upon the sleeve ; one sleeve is screwed into the other and both are fastened
together.
Another way is shewn by Fig. 17. One end of the sleeve I can be narrower than
the other, at end [2, so that it will fit into another sleeve I³ and when this is done the
sleeves are screwed or pinned together.
The sleeves may also have slits I* (see Figs. 18 & 19) cut out at ends and are fitted
together with a sleeve I which has ridges I fitting into the slits I of the sleeves.
When the short sleeve 15 is fitted in to the sleeve they are screwed or pinned
together.
The cylinder forms E are lengthened with short cylinders F (see Figs. 20, 21 & 22)
in which slits F¹ are cut out at both ends, the ends fit to the cylinder forms, and when
fitted to them a collar F2 is placed round the joining parts and collar, joining parts
and cylinder form are screwed together.
Some parts on the uprights and sleeves are without screws, these parts are of various
lengths and are used so that several travelling nuts can be put on the upright or sleeve
and travel together.
These travelling nuts are of different sizes.
The largest nut travels on the upright or sleeves, and stops only when it reaches the
unscrewed part at top of upright or sleeve which is larger than itself.
The other nuts can travel at the same time and each nut will only stop travelling
when it reaches an unscrewed part larger than itself.
Endless chains may be provided for turning upright and sleeves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
The general construction and arrangement of apparatus and appliances, and the
several and respective combinations thereof together forming my invention of improve-
ments in scaffolding, substantially as herein before described.
Dated this the Thirteenth day of October 1890.
TARDE DRAAD