Improvements in Book Binding.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 4th Nov., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Book Binding.
I, WILLIAM CAREY LEECHMAN, Civil Engineer, of 20, St. Mary Abbott's Terrace,
Kensington, London, W., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of this invention is to simplify and cheapen the manufacture of
books and albums, in which what is termed linen guards are used, for the purpose
of enabling the leaves of paper or cardboard to turn over square from the binding,
and lie flat or nearly so, on the boards or cover of the book or album. At present
the linen guard holds together two or more separate pieces of paper or cardboard.
This invention consists in doing away with these separate pieces held together
by the linen guard, and using only one piece of paper or cardboard; and forming
what is now the space between the two or more pieces, (at the place or places
where it is desired that the leaf of the book or album shall bend), by substituting
perforations on only one sheet of paper or cardboard. These perforations are made
after the manner used on a sheet of postage stamps, to enable them to be separated
into individual stamps without being cut by scissors or otherwise.
These perforations need not necessarily be of the same shape as those used on
postage stamp sheets; they can be of any shape or form-round, oblong, cut
diagonally, wedge shaped, or any form, large or small; or they may be only
slits or cuts in the paper or cardboard; or the sheet of paper or cardboard may be
only crushed, so as almost to separate it into two or more pieces at the place or
places where it is desired the sheet should bend, but the removal of a considerable
portion of the leaf at this point greatly helps the bending of the leaf and is
generally preferable to crushing only.
These perforations or slits on, or the crushing of the leaf at, certain desired
places on the leaf of the book or album, can be made to the fancy of the book-
binder, or to meet special cases as desired.
The doing away with the necessity and inconvenience of using two or more
separate pieces of paper or cardboard to form the linen guarded leaf of the book
or album is a great advantage, it simplifies the work, and cheapens the cost of
manufacture.
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101
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1000
Improvements in Book Binding.
Í, WILLIAM CAREY LEECHMAN, Civil Engineer, of 47, Edwardes Square,
Kensington, London, W., formerly of 20, St. Mary Abbott's Terrace, Kensington,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The object of this invention is to simplify and cheapen the manufacture of
books, albums and the like in which what are known as linen guards are used
"

page_text: for the purpose of enabling the leaves of paper or cardboard to turn over square
from the binding and lie at or nearly fat on the boards or cover of the said
book, album or the like.
According to the method hitherto ordinarily adopted of binding with linen
guards, each linen guard holds together two or more separate pieces of paper or
cardboard one of which is subsequently stitched or attached to the back of the
book while the other constitutes a leaf of the book, and there is a space between
the two pieces extending from the upper to the lower edge which space is bridged
over by the linen guard and constitutes the line upon which the leaf bends when
the book is being opened or closed.
Now according to the present invention only one piece of paper or cardboard
is employed for each leaf this piece constituting not only the leaf proper but also
the part behind the bend which has hitherto been occupied by the piece which
is attached to the back. I suitably weaken the leaf and this I preferably effect
by a series of perforations, slits or cuts along the line or lines on which it is
intended that the leaf shall bend when the bound book is opened out, and I apply
a guard of linen or other like suitable material to the leaf, said guard extending
from at or near the back edge of the leaf to a position beyond the line or lines
of perforations. Instead of having perforations the leaf may be scored or grooved.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is an end view of a partly opened book embodying this invention; for
economy of space only so much of the page is shown as is necessary to illustrate
the invention.
Figure 2 is a face view of a part of a single leaf.
Figure 3 is a face view of part of each of two leaves situated at different
distances from the middle plane of the book.
Figures 4 and 5 are views respectively of the leaves C₁ and C3 shown in
Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a face view of part of a single leaf provided with three lines of
perforations as hereinafter described.
In all these figures, the parts are shown exaggerated for the sake of clearness
in illustrating the invention.
A is the back, and BB are the boards or covers of the book. CC are the leaves
of paper or cardboard constituting the book.
According to this invention each leaf C may be provided with a row or series of
perforations D as shown in Figure 2 along the line on which each leaf is intended
to bend when the book is opened out. The perforations may be of any desired
shape or they may be in the form of cuts or slits, or in lieu of perforations the
Jeaf may be scored or grooved. Each leaf formed with a series of perforations 1)
has then attached to it along the portion which is nearest to the back of the
book, by pasting or in any other suitable manner a strip E of linen or the like.
This strip E is of such a width as to extend from at or near the back edge to a
suitable distance beyond the line of perforations D.
As in the case of a book of any considerable number of leaves, the natural
fine of bending of each leaf will occur at a distance from the back edge of each
leaf increasing in inverse ratio to the proximity of the said leaf to the middle
plane (Figure 1) of the book, the positions of the respective lines of per-
forations D and the width of the strips E may also vary accordingly as indicated
in Figures 3, 4 and 5 in which C is a leaf situated nearer to the cover of the
book and C is a leaf situated nearer to the middle planer of the book.
D and D in Figure 3 indicate the respective rows of perforations made along the
natural lines of bending of the leaves C¹ and C³: E and E indicate the strips
or guards of correspondingly different widths.
The finished book will therefore have in end' view the appearance illustrated by
Figure 1.
The leaves are bound together in any suitable manner in order to form a book.
In Figure 1 the binding is indicated as being effected by wiros F

page_text: As a modification of the invention instead of providing each leaf with one row
of perforations in the natural line of its bending, the leaves may be provided with
two, three or more parallel rows of perforations as indicated in Figure 6, where
three rows of perforations D1, D2, 13 are shown by way of example.
In such a
case the leaves will bend at either one or other of the lines of perforations
according to the proximity of the respective leaves to the middle plane of the
book. Thus, the outermost leaves will bend on the line of the perforations D',
and the innermost leaves will bend on the line of the perforations D3, while the
intermediate leaves will bend on the line of the perforations D³.
The respective strips E of the several leaves may be of uniform width and cover
all the perforations.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
1. The herein before described method of book-binding which consists in pro-
viding each leaf of a book with perforations along the line on which the said
leaf bends when the book is opened, attaching a strip of textile fabric or other
strengthening material on said perforated leaf, from approximately the back
edge of the leaf to a point beyond the line of perforations, and connecting
said leaves together to form a book, substantially as set forth.
2. In the art of book-binding, the combination of a leaf having a line of per-
forations parallel to its back edge, and a strip of textile fabric or other strengthen-
ing material attached to said leaf and extending from approximately the back
edge of the leaf to a point beyond the line of perforations, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
3. In the art of book-binding a leaf having a multiplicity of lines of perfora-
tions parallel to its back edge in combination with a strip of textile fabric or
other strengthening material attached to said leaf and extending from approxi-
mately the back edge of the leaf to a point beyond the line of perforations, sub-
etantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. In a book or the like a series of leaves each having a line of perforations
parallel to the back edge of the leaf at a distance therefrom varying inversely
to the proximity of the leaf to the middle plane of the book, in combination
with strips of textile fabric or other strengthening material attached respectively
to said leaves and extending approximately from their back edge to a point beyond
the line of perforations and means for connecting the said leaves together to
form a book substantially as set forth.
5. In the art of book-binding, a series of leaves each having a multiplicity of
lines of perforations parallel to the back edge of the leaf in combination with
strips of textile fabric or other strengthening material each attached respectively
to said leaves and extending approximately from their back edge to a point
beyond the lines of perforations and means for connecting the said leaves
together to form a book, substantially as set forth.
6. In a book leaf, a single piece of paper, cardboard or the like extending from
the book back to the fore edge, said piece being weakened along the line on which
it bends when the book is opened and a guard secured to said piece over the
weakened line, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Total this out
1000
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.