Portable Dynamic instruments for ще ConverSION ΟΙ шациал Force into Electric Force and the Utilization thereof.
Year: 1884

page_text: Portable Dynamic instruments for ще
ConverSION ΟΙ шациал
Force into Electric Force and the Utilization thereof.
I, JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton New Jersey United States of America
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "PORTABLE DYNAMIC
INSTRUMENTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF MANUAL FORCE INTO ELECTRIC FORCE
AND THE UTILIZATION THEREOF to be as follows:-
This invention relates to portable electric apparatus having devices or means
integral with or forming part thereof for the conversion of manual force into
electric force and for the conduction of such force through an electric circuit
thereof such circuit being arranged for interposing resistance to the passage of the
current and thereby to develop heat or an electric arc of sufficient intensity in that
portion of the circuit which is adapted to provide for causing the transformation of
the electric force into heat so as to ignite inflamable gas or for the transmission of
the current through an electric circuit connected therewith in which a resistance is
placed or arranged for the transformation or utilization of such force for the
developement of signals audible or visual as for telegraphic or telephonic purposes
or for the firing of explosives or mines for industrial military or naval purposes.
In the construction of such portable instruments especially for hand devices for
electrically igniting gas I in some cases employ a metal casing or tube with one or
more screwed portions which provide for being screwed together and having some-
what the shape of watch when joined the case is so arranged as to provide for
receiving a small dynamic instrument mounted upon an axis supported in such case
at right angles to the plane or side of the case having a rotary or oscillating or
preferably a dise armature or one or more disc or segmental shaped permanent
magnets mounted upon the axis or upon the base or support carried by same the
arinature can consist of a thin sheet or sheets of magnetic or non magnetic. material
or an insulating base for instance vulcanite vulcanized fibre glass or other suitable
material When permanent magnet or magnets are not employed I mount support
or form electrically mechanically or by chemical means or by a combination of
such means a simple or compound helix helixes coil spiral or element adapted to
operate as conducting and induction or accumulating elements in combination with
permanent annular segmental or other suitably formed magnets of about the same
thickness as the body of the armature and arranged on both sides of the same and

page_text: preferably but not necessarily having a pole or poles of opposite denomination on
each side or such stationary elements forming a structure similar to the armature
when such armature is not a permanent magnet or such stationery elements on one
or each side of the armature may be held in proper position between stationery or
movable permanent or electro magnets so as to provide for the conversion of manual
force into electric force In some cases I employ an armature carrying a helix of
flat strips or ribbons for instance as in a Gramme ring connected in the circuit at
the axis with compound contact plates and connections one set being adapted to be
connected with the conductors of the stationery element elements helix helixes
coils or spirals and the other set of connections extend to the working circuit in
which a resistance is interposed for the developement of heat by the formation of
an electric arc caused by the current passing there through. In mounting the
conductors or elements the arrangement and working of them can be such as
described in my application for Patent of this date under title "Improvements in
dynamic apparatus for machines for the developement and utilization of electric
force and in the construction of such machines or parts thereof but as the
instruments are not designed for the same class of work it is my object to reduce
the cost of manufacture and construct such small apparatus with greater facility
I employ inetallic foil ribbons or sheets for instance copper silvered or otherwise
coated or not and I cause the same to adhere or be secured with the base through
the medium of a glue varnish gum tissue or other cementing holding and insulating
ngent the coil or inductors being first of the desired form or subsequently cut by
suitable tools as will be understood from the description given in the application
referred to-for instance I can employ glass discs or plates or discs of paper
vulcanite vulcanised fibre or wood or such like material varnished or not and
secure upon the same the metallic foil or ribbon in the form of a helix or single or
compound spiral or concentric rings or radial strips fau shaped or otherwise having
the form of a single or compound cut disc with single or compound terminals
extending to such contact plates or rings on the axis of the armature the stationary
elements being formed in a similar manner with suitable connections for the current
to flow in reverse directions as set forth in the application referred to.
Under another arrangement I form the inductors or conducting elements by the
use of a metallic paint or I employ a varnish or other material of such like
character or the equivalent thereof and I apply such material with a brush or
mechanically upon the base or support so as to define the form of the conducting
elements to be formed which I do by sprinkling thereon metallic dust for instance
bronze copper silver or a combination of such or other metals until the desired
thickness is obtained and in some cases I define the form of such element to be
formed by creating blanks through the medium of thin paper or other insulating
material which is applied upon the varnished surface or glaze the conducting
element and the form thereof will consequently be limited and defined thereby-
I preferably secure the terminals in position on the base first so that good or fairly
good contact will be established at such parts-When I employ glass or such
insulating base I mould the disc or a plate of the desired form and support them
upon the axle and the stationary elements extend beyond the movable elements
and are mounted upon or in an insulating or insulated case or box having the
connections to the external circuit extending through the same at the axis of the
machine or through the casing-The conductors of the stationary elements (prefer-
ably formed of ribbons or discs or sheets or metal foil or metal in a finely divided
state with terminals) being carried along the back of the disc or discs with the
connection to the contact piece or plates of the armature the elements on both discs
or stationary elements can be connected in series and provided with compound
connections which are intermittently made and broken any number of times each
revolution so as to make and break connection with the external electric circuit or
I may compound the elements so as to provide for one set being in connection with
the external circuit while the other set is becoming charged this rule will hold good
in any of the modifications in continuous current machines as described in my

page_text: ICTION CO Or us neren 80 Forth the disc or forms or
conducting elements themselves are preferably glued or fastened to an insulating or
insulated case inside of the main holder with the axle of the machine supported in
journals fixed or formed in the main case or in some cases in supports for the
stationary elements independent of or detachable from the main case or holder by
such means; the dynamic instrument with its connection can be completed with
all the connections made so as to be ready for placing within the main casing and
therein secured with the axle of the machine extending therefrom and preferably so
formed as to fit into a journal in the other portion of the casing which is adapted to
be screwed or bolted or otherwise secured with the casing containing the machine
I preferably arrange a lip or rim upon the last applied portion of the casing so as
to jam and hold the machine in proper position when the parts of the casing aro
put together-In this last applied case I arrange devices and means connected with
a push hand device or handle (extending through the case) which is combined or
adapted to be combined or operate upon or with the axle of the machine preferably
through the medium of multiplying frictional or spur and pinion gearing with or
without such mechanism being combined with and adapted to be operated by
a recoiling or unwinding spring or manual force accumulator which can be wound
up and released by a friction brake through the medium of a detent extending
outside the case; the spring can be arranged so as to act with or recoil from the
push and set the mechanism in motion through the medium of a ratchet or friction
clutch or I can work in a reverse manner and employ the recoil for restoring the
push to its normal position. I so arrange these clutches or ratchets simple or
compounded and the mechanism in conjunction therewith as to release the driving
mechanism directly combined with the machine such as a ratchet wheel or friction
clutch or the multiplying gear previously or subsequently (or both) to applying the
manual force after some definite or completed movement of the push or pull and
during its return to its normal position or previously to and during any interruption
of the pressure. I prefer to place the push upon the rim or edge which push is
maintained in its normal position by a spring.
I can employ screw nuts or the equivalents thereof for instance a nut adapted to
be operated upon or with an Archimedian screw which is formed upon the axis of
the machine or the reverse arrangement may be employed or the nut can have a
pin or projection working in a spiral groove like a screw the nut being forced back
through the medium of a spring when the pressure of the finger or hand is released
the finger or hand offering all the resistance necessary to drive a small armature or
I can employ a clutch which is operated by the hand device so as to grip the nut
or screw as the case may be so long as there is any pressure exerted; these
arrangements can be employed with cylindrical casings armature and inductors
as well as with this disc construction and when in the cylindrical form the push
nut screw and spring are preferably in a casing which acts as a guide for
the push and the recoil of the spring and this casing or part is provided with
a screw thread which is adapted to be screwed into position upon the end
of the cylinder (or side of disc shaped casing) and engage with the axle or
multiplying gear combined therewith. When I employ the cylindrical form
of machine the conditions are practically the same as with the disc and the
elements can be constructed in a similar manner the form of the elements
of the stationary and movable parts may be somewhat modified to meet the
difference of construction and through the medium of the compound connections
contacts the circuit is intermittently made and broken with the working
circuit which can be a lighter circuit extending therefrom to pointed pieces
secured upon a tube or rod having the conductors leading thereto insulated from
each other this tube or rod is in some cases adapted in the cylindrical form
of machine to form the axis of the armature and to slide into the case or to be
hinged and folded backwards upon the case and be held in such position by a
spring or a similar arrangement can be adapted with the case containing the disc
armature and element the tube or connection being adapted to slide into the portion

page_text: of the case containing the mechanism for operating or to fold back upon such case
provision being made to hold the same in both positions in a similar manner as a
knife blade or otherwise the circuit of such part with the dynamic instrument
being completed through the medium of a contact piece or part at the one end of
such arm or extension the other or free end being provided with a resistance in
the form of pointed terminals or otherwise so as to provide for forming an electric
arc in such portion of the circuit.
I can employ elements simple or compounded arranged to operate as right and
left hand screws or with strips extending lengthwise of the armature having a
magnetic or insulating base-for instance glass-supporting the elements con-
structed and operating with the stationary elements which can be constructed and
mounted upon a glass cylinder which will be the equivalent of a pair of glass discs
carrying the inductors or conducting or accumulating elements adapted to operate
in the circular disc like case-the glass cylinder can be provided with the radial
conductors or other suitably formed elements secured or joined as described connec-
tions being made at the end or ends of the cylinder with the stationary elements
so as to obtain as great a length of surface as possible.
In some cases I employ a series of disc armatures adapted to operate in combina-
tion with a series of disc or annular shaped inductors or with a series of stationary
elements adapted to operate in conjunction therewith between and on opposite sides
of each disc or upon opposite sides of a compound dise or a single armature in com-
bination, with compound annular magnets or stationary elements as described herein
or in my application for a Patent of this date and enclose the same in an insulated
or insulating case and I employ clockwork mechanism for operating the same or a
handle which extends outside of the casing; the clockwork mechanism may be pro-
vided with a detent or clutch lock for some uses for instance for telephoneic or electric
signalling purposes and as the weight of the machine is light it is especially applicable
for military signalling telephonic and telegraphic purposes; the handle when such is
employed is preferably adapted to operate upon the axis by frictional or other form
of multiplying gear all but the handle and connection being entirely encased with
wood or other insulating material with or without a metallic casing or box covering
the same with two insulated terminals extending therefrom.
The various forms of machines with disc or annular shaped elements simple or
compounded as described in my application for a Patent of this date are applicable
in the construction of such portable instruments.
○ In some cases in order to impart motion to the axle of the machine I attach
thereto a ratchet wheel with which a pawl hinged or pivoted to the push is
adapted to engage. This pawl when the push is forced inward engages with the
ratchet wheel and imparts motion to the same and in the return movement of
the push to its normal position (which return movement is caused by a suitably
arranged spring that is compressed when the push is forced inward) such pawl by
reason of its being pivoted is free to travel over the ratchet teeth so as not to
materially impede the momentum imported to the axle of the machine when the
push is forced inwards.
The aforesaid ratchet wheel instead of being fixed directly to the axle or spindle
of the machine may be combined with multiplying spur and pinion gearing
combined with such spindle so as to increase the speed of the machine as desired.
I prefer however to provide means whereby the pawl or other device for
imparting motion to the spindle of the machine is prevented from coming in
contact with the ratchet wheel thereon or combined therewith through suitable
gearing during the return movement of the push so that the impetus given to the
machine when the push is forced inwards will in no way be affected. For this
purpose I in some cases form on the pawl hinged to the push as before mentioned
an extension or arm which is provided with a pin that travels in a cain slot so
shaped that on the commencement of the inward movement of the push the pawl
will be caused to engage with the ratchet wheel and on the continuation of such
movement will impart motion to the same but in the commencement of the return

page_text: movement of such push such pawl will be lifted or carried free of such ratchet
wheel so as not to come in contact therewith during its return to its normal
position. Such cam slot may be formed upon or attached to a spring so as to
yield in the return movement of the pawl or push to effect the above named object.
The above described mechanism is equally applicable when frictional gearing is
employed the cam in such case serving to force the friction surfaces together during
the inward movement of the push and to separate them during the return movement
of the push to its normal position.
Instead of using a cam slot I in some cases use a cam having an inclined surface
over which a projection on the pawl rides in the inward movement of the push so
as to complete the contact of the pawl with the ratchet wheel or the contact of the.
frictional surfaces such projection on the completion of the inward movement of
the push passing over another inclined surface so that in the return movement
of the push the projection on the pawl or on the friction producing portion will
travel in another line so that there is no contact between the pawl and ratchet-
teeth or between the friction surfaces during the return of the push.
The friction wheel to which motion is imparted on the inward movement of the
push may be arranged directly on the spindle or axis of the machine or may be
combined therewith through multiplying frictional or spur gearing and the friction
devices or surface or surfaces may be made of india rubber paper or any other
suitable material.
In order to force the projection on the pawl or friction device over the inclined
surface of the cam on the completion of the inward movement of the push and
thus break the contact between the friction surfaces on the disengagement of the
pawl from the ratchet wheel during the retrograde movement of the push I in
some cases employ a spring or the projection on the pawl may be arranged to
travel in a cam slot so shaped as to produce this result.
In some cases I provide for imparting revolution to the axis or spindle of the
machine by attaching to or forming on one end of such spindle a screw such as an
Archimadian screw-With this screw a nut secured to the push is adapted to
engage so that when such push is forced inward by pressure thereon the nut will
cause the said spindle to revolve and when such push is released will be forced
back by a spring to its normal position In some cases I provide a clutch which
when the push is forced inward engages with the screw and becomes disconnected
therefrom when the push is released so as to enable the spring to return to its
normal position.
In some cases instead of revolving one part of the machine in front of the other
I combine the push through suitable gearing with the moveable part of the machine
in such a manner as to impart a rapid reciprocating motion to such part instead of
a rotary movement.
This may be effected by a rotating cam secured upon the spindle and operated
either directly or through intermediate multiplying gearing by the inward move-
ment of the push or in any other desirable manner.

page_text: Portable Dynamic Instruments for the Conversion of Manual
Force into Electric Force and the Utilization thereof.
I JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "PORTABLE DYNAMIC
INSTRUMENTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF MANUAL FORCE INTO ELECTRIC FORCE AND
THE UTILIZATION THEREOF and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to portable electric apparatus having devices or means
integral with or forming part thereof for the conversion of manual force into
electric force and for the conduction of such force through an electric circuit
.thereof such circuit being arranged for interposing resistance to the passage of the
current and thereby to develop heat or an electric arc of sufficient intensity in that
portion of the circuit which is adapted to provide for causing the transformation of
the electric force into heat so as to light inflammable gas or for the transmission of
the current through an electric circuit connected therewith in which a resistance is
placed or arranged for the transformation or utilization of such force for the
development of signals audible or visual as for telegraphic or telephonic purposes or
for the heating of resistances or otherwise for the firing of explosives or mines for
industrial military or naval purposes.
(a) In the construction of such portable instruments especially for hand devices
for electrically igniting gas I in some cases employ a metal casing or tube with one
or more screwed portions which provide for being screwed together and present
somewhat the shape of a watch when joined-In combination with such a small
dynamic or magneto electric instrument mounted upon an axis all of which are
properly secured within and supported by the casing with the axis extending at
right angles to the plane or side of the case. Such axis and the armature it
carries can have a rotary or oscillating movement which is imparted to it by
speed multiplying gear and manually operative or hand devices combined
therewith.
(b) In the construction of such portable instruments I can employ one or more
disc or segmental shaped permanent magnets mounted upon the axis or such
element or elements can be a fixture and secured to the casing base or support, the
armature can consist of a thin sheet or sheets of magnetic or non magnetic
material or an insulating base for instance vulcanite vulcanized fibre glass or other
suitable material that is to say such armature can be provided with a helix
or helixes mounted upon such bases or cores or I can employ a permanent magnet
adapted to operate in conjunction with conducting elements or helices fixed or
secured to the casing or supports therein. The conducting elements of such instru-
ments can be formed electrically mechanically or by chemical means or by a
combination of such means the axis of the armature is journalled and supported
within the casing and connected or combined with hand devices and speed multi-
'plying gear as herein set forth.
(c) In the construction of such instruments provided with one or more magnetic
elements I can employ compound helices, coils spirals or elements adapted to

page_text: operate as conducting and inducing elements and in some cases I employ accumu-
lating elements in combination with permanent annular segmental or other suitably
formed magnets either as movable or stationary elements the magnets or fixed
elements can be of about the same thickness as the body of the armature and
arranged on both sides of the same and preferably but not necessarily having a
pole or poles of opposite denomination on each side or such stationary elements can
act as conducting or accumulating elements in combination with an armature
provided with a permanent magnet or an electro magnet or the stationary elements
on one or each side of the armature may be held in proper position between
stationary or movable permanent or electro magnets so as to provide for the con-
version of manual force into electric force when the force is communicated to. the
armature either by direct action or the reaction through the medium of speed
multiplying gear as herein set forth.
(d) In some cases I employ an armature, carrying a helix of flat strips or
ribbons for instance connected as a Gramme ring the circuit being provided with
compound contact plates and connections one set being adapted to be connected
with the conductors of the stationary element or elements as inducing or accumu-
lating elements one set of which are adapted to be in connection with the working
circuit in which a resistance is interposed for the development of heat caused by
the current passing therethrough while the other set is becoming charged by the
movement of the armature operated as herein set forth.
(e) In the construction of portable instruments as herein described I in some
cases employ metallic foil ribbons or sheets for instance copper silvered or other-
wise coated or not and I cause the same to adhere or be secured with the base
through the medium of a glue varnish gum tissue or other cementing holding and
insulating agent as a base or support for which I can employ glass discs or plates
or discs of paper vulcanite vulcanized fibre or wood or such like material varnished
upon which the metallic foil or ribbon or helix single or compounded is or are
secured and I provide compound terminals extending to contact plates or rings on
the axis of the armature the stationary elements being formed in a similar manner
with suitable connections for induction of an electric current through the medium
of the hand devices and multiplying gear combined with armatures as herein
described.
(f) In some cases the inductors or conducting elements are formed by the use
of a metallic paint or I employ a varnish or other material of such like character
or the equivalent thereof and I apply such material with a brush or mechanically
upon the base or support so as to define the form of the conducting elements to be
formed which I do by sprinkling thereon metallic dust for instance bronze copper
silver or a combination of such or other metals until the desired thickness is
obtained and in some cases I define the form of such element by creating blanks
through the medium of thin paper or other insulating material which is applied
upon the varnished surface or glaze the conducting element and the form thereof
will consequently be limited and defined thereby I preferably secure the terminals
in position on the base first so that good or fairly good contact will be established
at such parts. When I employ glass or such insulating base I mould the disc or a
plate of the desired form and support them upon the axle and the stationary
elements extend beyond the movable elements and are mounted upon or in an
insulating or insulated case or box having the connections to the external circuit
extending through the same at the axis of the machine or through the casing. The
conductors of the stationary elements (formed of ribbons or discs or sheets or
metal foil or metal in a finely divided state) have terminals carried along the back
of the disc or discs with the connection to the contact piece or plates of the
armature the elements on both discs or stationary elements can be connected in
series and provided with compound connections which are intermittently made and
broken any number of times each revolution so as to make and break connection
with the electric circuit which may be provided with simple or compound accumu-
lating devices adapted to operate in translating circuit,

page_text: (g) In the construction of portable magnetic or electro magnetic instruments
provided with multiplying gear and hand mechanical devices as herein described
I can compound the elements so as to provide for one set being in connection with
the external circuit while the other set is becoming charged by such means the
force of the current can be intensified in the working circuit.
"
(h) In the construction of such portable instruments having one or more magnetic
elements the fixed clements can be glued or fastened to an insulating or insulated
case inside of the main holder with the axle of the machine supported in journals
fixed or formed in the main case or in some cases in supports for the stationary
elements independent of or detachable from the main case or holder by such means
the electric dynamic instrument with its connections can be completed with all the
connections made so as to be ready for placing within the main casing and therein
secured with the axle of the machine extending so as to fit into journals formed in
or secured to the portion of the casing which is adapted to be screwed or bolted or
otherwise secured with the casing containing the machine In some cases in such
construction I arrange a lip or rim upon the last applied portion of the casing so as
to jam and hold the machine in proper position when the parts of the casing are
put together.
(k) In the construction of the portable instruments in which I employ one or
more magnetic elements fixed or movable I arrange devices and means connected
with a push band device or handle (extending through the case) which is combined
or adapted to be combined or operate upon or with the axle of the machine
through the medium of multiplying frictional or spur and pinion gearing with or
without such mechanism being combined with and adapted to be operated by a
recoiling or unwinding spring or manual force accumulator which can be wound up
and released by a friction brake through the medium of a detent extending outside
the case, the spring can be arranged so as to act with a recoil from the push and
set the mechanism in motion through the medium of a ratchet or friction clutch
or I can work in a reverse manner and employ the recoil for restoring the push to
its normal position I so arrange these clutches or ratchets simple or compounded
and the mechanism in conjunction therewith as to relieve the driving mechanism
directly combined with the machine such as a ratchet wheel or friction clutch or
the multiplying gear previously or subsequently (or both) to applying the manual
force after some definite or completed movement of the push or pull and during its
return to its normal position or previously to and during any interruption of the
pressure I prefer to place the push upon the rim or edge which push is maintained
in its normal position by a spring.
(7) In the construction of portable electro dynamic or magneto machines I can
employ screw nuts or the equivalents thereof for imparting motion for instance a
nut adapted to be operated upon or with an Archimedean screw which is formed
upon the axis of the machine or the reverse arrangement may be employed or the
nut can have a pin or projection working in a spiral groove like a screw the nut
being forced back through the medium of a spring when the pressure of the finger
or hand is released the finger or hand offering all the resistance necessary to drive
a small armature.
(m) I in some cases employ a clutch which is operated by the hand device so as
to grip the nut or screw as the case may be so long as there is any pressure
exerted these arrangements can be employed with cylindrical casings armature and
inductors as well as with this disc construction.
(n) In the construction of portable dynamic instruments in some cases I employ
cylindrical forms with the push nut screw and spring in a casing which acts as a
guide for the push and the recoil of the spring and this casing or part is provided
with a screw thread which is adapted to be screwed into position upon the end of
the cylinder (or side of disc shaped casing) and engage with the axle or multiplying
gear combined therewith. When I employ the cylindrical form of machine the
conditions are practically the same as with the disc and the elements can be
constructed in a similar manner the form of the elements of the stationary and
<

page_text: movable parts may be somewhat modified to meet the difference of construction
through the medium of the compound connections suitable contacts and circuits.
The circuit can be intermittently open and closed and the accumulator portion
brought into operation with the working circuit which can be a lighter circuit
extending therefrom to pointed pieces or heating resistance secured upon a tube or
support the conductors leading thereto being insulated from each other.
(o) In some cases the tube or rod is arranged in the cylindrical form of machine
to form the axis of the armature to slide into the case or to be hinged and folded
backwards upon the case and be held in such position by a spring or a similar
arrangement can be adapted with the disc containing the generative machine of
the disc construction the tube or connection being adapted to slide into the portion
of the case containing the mechanism for operating or to fold back upon such case
provision being made to hold the same in both positions in a similar manner as a
knife blade or otherwise the circuit of the part nearest the dynamic instrument
being completed through the medium of a contact piece or part at the one end of
such arm or extension the other or free end being provided with a resistance in the
form of pointed terminals or conducting resistances adapted to be heated by the
passage of the current.
(p) In the construction of portable dynamic or magnetic electric instruments in
some cases I employ a series of disc armatures adapted to operate in combination
with a series of disc or annular shaped inductors or with a series of stationary
elements adapted to operate in conjunction therewith the circuits movable parts
and operating mechanism supported and operated as herein described or the
equivalent thereof.
(9) In some cases in the construction and working of portable dynamic or
magnetic electric instruments as herein described I employ clock work mechanism
for operating the same or a handle which extends outside of the casing the
clockwork mechanism may be provided with a detent or clutch lock for instance
for telephonic or electric signalling purposes and as the weight of the machine
is light it is especially applicable for military signalling telephonic and telegraphic
purposes the handle when such is employed is preferably adapted to operate upon
the axis by frictional or other form of multiplying gear all but the handle and
connections being entirely encased with wood or other insulating material with or
without a metallic casing or box covering the same with two insulated terininals
extending therefrom.
(r) In the construction of portable instruments dynamo electric or magneto
electric in some cases in order to impart motion to the axle of the machine
I attach thereto a ratchet wheel with which a pawl hinged or pivoted to the push
is adapted to engage This pawl when the push is forced inward engages with the
ratchet wheel and imparts motion to the same and in the return movement of the
push to its normal position (which return movement is caused by a suitable
arranged spring that is compressed when the push is forced inward) the manually
operative device is brought into operation such pawl by reason of its being
pivoted is free to travel over the ratchet teeth so as not to materially impede the
momentum imported to the axle of the machine when the push is forced inwards.
(s) The aforesaid ratchet wheel instead of being fixed directly to the axle or
spindle of the machine may be combined with multiplying spur and pinion gearing
combined with such spindle so as to increase the speed of the machine as desired.
(t) In some cases in the construction of such portable dynamic or magneto
electric instruments I provide means whereby the pawl or other device for
imparting motion to the spindle of the machine is prevented from coming in
contact with the ratchet wheel thereon or combined therewith through suitable
gearing during the return movement of the push so that the impetus given to
the machine when the push is forced inwards will in no way be affected For
this purpose I in some cases form on the pawl hinged to the push as before
mentioned an extension or aim which is provided with a pin that travels in a cani
slot so shaped that on the commencement of the inward movement of the push the

page_text: pawl will be caused to engage with the ratchet wheel and on the continuation
of such movement will impart motion to the same but in the commencement of the
return movement of such push such pawl will be lifted or carried free of such
ratchet wheel so as not to come in contact therewith during its return to its normal
position. Such cam slot may be formed upon or attached to a spring so as to yield
in the return movement of the pawl or push to effect the above named object.
(u) In some cases I combine with such operating mechanism frictional gearing
and employ the cam arrangement to force the friction surfaces together during
the inward movement of the push and to separate them during the return
movement of the push to its normal position.
.
(v) Instead of using a cam slot I in some cases use a cam having an inclined
surface over which a projection on the pawl rides in the inward movement of the
push so as to complete the contact of the pawl with the ratchet wheel or the
contact of the frictional surfaces such projection on the completion of the inward
movement of the push passing over another inclined surface so that in the return
movement of the push the projection of the pawl or on the friction producing
portion will travel in another line so that there is no contact between the pawl and
ratchet teeth or between the friction surfaces during the return of the push.
(w.) In such combination the friction wheel to which motion is imparted on the
inward movement of the push can be arranged directly on the spindle or axis of
the machine or may be combined therewith through multiplying frictional or spur
gearing and the friction devices or surface or surfaces may be made of india rubber
paper or any other suitable material.
(x) In such portable instrument in order to force the projection on the pawl or
frictional device over the inclined surface of the cam on the completion of the
inward movement of the push and thus break the contact between the friction
- surfaces on the disengagement of the pawl from the ratchet wheel during the
retrograde movement of the push I in some cases employ a spring or the projection
on the pawl may be arranged to travel in a cam slot so shaped as to produce this
result.
(y) In some cases in the construction of such instrument I provide for imparting
revolution to the axis or spindle of the machine by attaching to or forming.on one
end of such spindle a screw such as an Archimedian screw With this screw a nut
secured to the push is adapted to engage so that when such push is forced inward
by pressure thereon the nut will cause the side spindle to revolve and when such
push is released will be forced back by a spring to its normal position In some
cases I provide a clutch which when the push is forced inwards engages with the
screw and becomes disconnected therefrom when the push is released so as to
enable the spring to return to its normal position.
(2) In some cases in the construction of portable dynamic or magneto electric
instruments for the purpose herein set forth instead of revolving one part of the
machine in front of the other I combine the push through suitable gearing with the
moveable part of the machine in such a manner as to impart a rapid reciprocating
motion to such part instead of a rotary movement.
(a) This may be effected by a rotating cam secured upon the spindle and
operated either directly or through intermediate multiplying gearing by the inward
movement of the push or in any other desirable manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) A portable electrical apparatus for telegraphic telephonic or signal purposes
or for the firing of explosives or mines for industrial military or naval purposes or
for the lighting of gas electrically in which is employed a dynamo or magneto
electric machine adapted to be operated by manual force through the medium of a
manually operative propelling or winding mechanism with or without the medium
of a manual force accumulator combined with or adapted to operate upon speed

page_text: increasing or multiplying gear in such a manner as to free or disconnect the
rotating or working parts of the electric force generator from the manually
operative propelling or controlling device during its return to or movement from
its normal position substantially as set forth.
(2.) A portable electrical apparatus for the purposes herein set forth in which is
employed an electric dynamic or magneto electric machine having simple or com-
pound condensing or accumulating elements adapted to operate as regulators or
intensifiers of tension in the circuit from the machine or between the generative
portion thereof and the resistance in the external or working circuit for the
utilization of the force developed thereby substantially as set forth.
(3.) In combination with the subject matter of the preceding claim the employ-
ment of speed increasing or multiplying gear adapted to be operated through the
medium of inechanism manually operative or controllable substantially as set forth.
(4.) The construction or use of portable electrical apparatus having the parts
constructed arranged and adapted to operate for the purposes herein specified
substantially as set forth in the respective paragraphs hereof indicated by letters
of reference.