IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I THOMAS HARRISON of 106 Robert Street Infirmary Road Sheffield Yorkshire
Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a pair or set of cylinders with piston rods and first
motion crank shafts on a Z shaped and cranked frame, the said frame turning on
central hollow bearings or trunnions in side supports, On each first motion crank
shaft is a spur wheel and this is geared with a train of wheels to a spur wheel
rotating on each of the said central hollow bearings, the said wheels being of a
size to give the required speed and power.
'
Steam is admitted to the cylinders through the hollow bearings or trunnions,
the admission and exhaust being governed by suitable valves.
The piston rod has a crosshead which slides in guide bars on the frame, and the
first motion crank shaft is rotated by a connecting rod in the ordinary manner.
The train of spur wheels between the first motion crank shaft and the spor
wheel on the central hollow trunnion rotate on bearings on the Z shaped frame.
In using this engine steam is admitted to the cylinders and the piston rods and
cross heads are reciprocated, the connecting rods rotating the first motion crank
shafts and wheels, the said first-motion spur wheels giving motion to the spur
wheels on the central trunnions through the trains of wheels geared therewith, the
whole of the Z shaped frame with cylinders and gear wheels revolving on the
central trunnions.
Dated this corond dow of Tul… 1001

page_text: I THOMAS HARRISON of 106 Robert Street Infirmary Road, Sheffield, Yorkshire,
Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention consists of a pair or set of cylinders with piston rods and first
motion crank shafts on a Z shaped and cranked frame, the said frame turning on
central hollow bearings or trunnions in side supports On each first motion crank
shaft is a spur wheel and this is geared with a train of wheels to a spur wheel
rotating on each of the said central hollow bearings, the said wheels being of a
size to give the required speed and power.
Steam is admitted to the cylinders through the hollow bearings or trunnions, the
admission and exhaust being governed by suitable valves.
The piston rod has a crosshead which slides in guide bars on the frame, and the
first motion crank shaft is rotated by a connecting rod in the ordinary manner.
The train of spur wheels between the first motion crank shaft, and the spur
wheel on the central hollow trunnion rotate on bearings on the Z shaped frame.
In using this engine steam is admitted to the cylinders, and the piston rods and
cross heads are reciprocated, the connecting rods rotating the first motion crank
shafts and wheels, the said first motion spur wheels giving motion to the spur
wheels on the central trunnions through the trains of wheels geared therewith, the
whole of the Z shaped frame with cylinders and gear wheels revolving on the
central trunnions.
My invention may be better understood on reference to the accompanying
drawings on Sheet 1 of which is represented several diagrams illustrative of the
movements of the several parts of one of my improved motors. Sheet 2 being a
side and end elevation of such a motor.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, represents a front elevation of a motor comprising two engines
and gearing.
Fig. 2, is a front elevation of the same motor after it has made a quarter of a
revolution further than is shewn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the same.
"
Fig. 4, is an end view of the same.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
A is the centre of gyration.
The dotted line B represents the path of the centre of the first motion crank
shaft of each engine during each revolution of the motor and the arrows concentric
therewith indicate the direction of the same,

page_text: C is the cylinder of what may be termed the leading engine and C³ the cylinder
f the second engine.
Din the niston
Na fixed pinion.
The cylinder of each Engine is fixed to a framing which is carried on the
trunnion at A and which extends from the trunnion to a convenient distance
beyond the centres of the crank shafts J in a triangular form.
This triangular framing of each engine being connected as shewn in Fig. 4.
The motor here illustrated is geared two to one that is to say for every complete
revolution of the cranks of the engines or double stroke of the piston, two revolu-
tions of the motor would be made, but for the present purpose it will be more
convenient to state the ratio thus, for every single stroke of the piston or half
revolution of the crank, one complete revolution of the motor is made, and as the
advantages I claim for my invention are only fully obtained during the forward
stroke of the piston, I purpose only to use the steam on the back of the piston in
each cylinder, it therefore becomes expedient to employ two cylinders, or two
engines, with their cranks so adjusted that when the first piston has completed its
stroke, the second piston is ready to commence and for the convenience of balancing
my motor, I employ separate engines placed opposite and parallel to each other as
shewn in these diagrams.
The Engines so.arranged may work in pairs or singly as shewn and more than
two such engines may be employed in one motor. They may likewise be geared.
more or less than two to one.
I will now describe the movements of the several parts of my motor as herein
illustrated in making one complete revolution.
Fig. 1, represents the motor as having made one sixteenth of a revolution, that
is to say, the distance from the centre line P to the centre of the crank shaft J is
one sixteenth of the path of the crank as shewn by the dotted lines B B, this
portion of the stroke has been effected by the advance of the piston one sixteenth
of a full forward stroke.
Fig. 2, shows the position of the respective engines after the motor has made a
quarter of a revolution further than is shewn in Fig. 1, during which the piston
and other parts of the engine have advanced in a corresponding degree, and by the
time a complete revolution of the motor has been accomplished, that is to say,
when the centre of the crank shaft J has returned to the point P the piston D of
the cylinder C¹ will have completed one forward stroke and by the time the motor
had returned to the exact position in which it is depicted in Fig. 1, the positions of
the pistons in the two cylinders will be precisely the same as may be seen by
turning the diagram Fig. 1, upside down but the letters which mark the cylinders
would have to be reversed, The advantage which I claim for this construction of
motor is the disposition of the motive force thus.
Fig. 1, (the right way up) the steam behind the piston D is exercising its force
between the end of the cylinder and the piston, the end of the cylinder to recede
from the piston and the piston to move in the opposite direction, This force would
be divided between the lever formed by the framing of the engine (from the
cylinder to the trunnion) and the connecting rod, the force to which, is transmitted
through the piston rod to the cross head F and thence through the connecting rod G,
partly to the crank pin H and partly to the crosshead slide at F, the force thus
employed on the cylinder end and on the crosshead slide has the same direction as

page_text: that in which the motor and its several parts is moving. The crank which is
moving in the direction of the arrows transmits the force through the wheel K
moving in the same direction, through the wheel L, to the wheel M, which would.
of course move in an opposite direction to the crank, and being geared into the
fixed pinion N, the wheel M, would have a sun and planet like motion around the
fixed pinion N actuating the movement of the whole motor in the direction of
the arrows concentric with the path shewn by the dotted lines B. B. Having
completed one forward stroke within the cylinder the position of the pistons as
I have already explained would be reversed, the piston in the second cylinder C'
would have reached the bottom of the cylinder ready, to commence a forward
stroke whilst the piston of the cylinder C¹, would have reached the top of the
cylinder having finished its forward stroke. The relative positions of these pistons
may be seen as already stated by turning the diagram upside down, in which the
left hand cylinder is making the return stroke without steam, as the disposition of
the force during the return stroke is not so favourable as that described for the
forward stroke, and the right hand cylinder is just commencing a forward stroke
with the disposition of the force as first described. The cylinders would thus make
alternate strokes, each such stroke being a forward stroke of the piston which would
be the effective stroke, the return stroke being performed light without steam, both
cylinders may nevertheless be arranged to use steam on both sides of the piston so
as to make double strokes the same as an ordinary engine.
The power of the motor may be transmitted through a spur wheel or wheels
fixed upon either or both of the central trunnions, or the whole motor may be made
in the form of a large wheel or drum, the power being given off from the periphery
thereof or by any other convenient method, A motor thus constructed may be
made to revolve on either a vertical, horizontal or diagonal axis, and may be
applied to a variety of purposes for which steam and other motive power Engines.
are employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) An improved construction of motor comprising the arrangement and
disposition of the cylinders on a cranked frame having central hollow journals
or trunnions, revolving in bearings on side supports, through the centre of a pinion
or pinions, such pinion or pinions, being fixed to the side supports or framing, and
which is geared by a train of wheels from the crank shaft of the Engine or Engines,
the motive force from the crank shaft of such Engine or Engines being transmitted
to the said fixed pinions through the said train of wheels, thereby causing the
motor to revolve on the central trunnions or bearings round the said fixed pinion,
the trunnions serving as the inlets and outlets for the steam, gas, water or other
force employed.
(2.) The arrangement of the working parts of and in connection with the
cylinders in relation to the revolutions of the notor, by which arrangement the
motive power is distributed in the manner substantially as herein described and set
forth.