Improvements in and Connected with the Rolling and Forging of Metals.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with the Rolling and Forging
of Metals.
I HENRY WILLIAM HOLLIS of The Butterley Company, Butterley Iron Works
Alfreton in the County of Derby Manager do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE ROLLING AND FORGING
OF METALS to be as follows:-
In rolling an iron or steel plate or sheet, the oxide or scale which forms upon
the surface of the metal is usually removed by sweeping the plate or sheet with a
wet besom at each passage through the rolls, while for forgings, a pail of water is
frequently dashed on the heated metal, and any scale or oxide not removed thereby,
is swept or scraped off. Instead of such sweeping I remove the scale by directing
a jet or blast of steam obliquely upon the plate, sheet or bar, as it passes from or
returns into the rolls, or while under the hammer by which jet or blast, the scale
is instantly blown away, and is thereby prevented from being rolled into the plate
or sheet to the great injury of its surface. The same method of removing scale by
a jet or blast of steam may be adopted in rolling or forging iron or steel of any
section.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Rolling and Forging
of Métals.
I HENRY WILLIAM HOLLIS of The Butterley Company Butterley Iron Works
Alfreton in the County of Derby Manager do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
In rolling an iron or steel plate or sheet, the oxide or scale which forms upon
the surface of the metal is usually removed by sweeping the plate or sheet with a

page_text: wet besom at each passage through the rolls; while in bar mills a stream of water
is usually constantly directed upon the rolls; by which to some extent, the scale
formed upon a bar of iron or steel is detached; and for forgings, water is frequently
thrown on the heated metal, and, at the subsequent blow of the hammer, explodes
in steam between the face of the hammer and the surface being operated upon,
thereby throwing off the scale. Instead of, or in addition to such sweeping or
throwing on of water, I remove the scale by directing a jet or blast of steam
obliquely upon the plate, sheet or bar as it passes from or returns into the rolls, or
upon the forging while under the hammer, by which jet or blast the scale is
instantly blown away, and is thereby prevented froin being rolled into the plate
sheet or bar, or hammered into the forging to the great injury of the finished
surface of such plate, sheet, bar or forging. The same method of removing scale
by a jet or blast of steam may be adopted in rolling or forging iron or steel of any
section or shape. I find that for the steam jet a nozzle of about five eighths of an
inch in diameter, at the end of a pipe leading from a steam boiler will give good
results, said pipe should have a diameter of not less than an inch and a half, in
order that the steam may not be "wire drawn," but maintain its full pressure at
the orifice of the jet. To obtain the best effect of the jet or blast, the steam should
be at a pressure of not less than about seventy pounds per square inch; and in
adapting the jet to mills for rolling plates, sheets or bars there should be a nozzle
on each side of the rolls, the two nozzles being preferably supplied with steam
from one pipe, and so arranged that the blast or jet may be turned on and off as
required by cocks or valves in the steam pipes near the nozzles, such cocks or
valves being furnished if necessary with bandles of wood to protect the hand of
the person working the jet from being burnt, through the heating of the pipe cock
or valve by the passage of the steam. If the pressure of steam in the boiler or
boilers working the engines of the rolling mill, or driving the forging hammer, be
not sufficient to work the jets to advantage, I employ a small boiler for the jets
alone, and work them with steam at a pressure of from seventy to one hundred and
twenty pounds per square inch.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In the rolling or forging of metals the application and use of a jet or jets of
steam for the purpose of removing the scale substantially as specified.
Dated this 16th day of April 1886.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Applicant's Agent.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Rolling and Forging
of Metals.
.
I HENRY WILLIAM HOLLIS of The Butterley Company, Butterley Iron Works
Alfreton in the County of Derby Manager do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE ROLLING AND FORGING
OF METALS to be as follows:-
1
In rolling an iron or steel plate or sheet, the oxide or scale which forms upon
the surface of the metal is usually removed by sweeping the plate or sheet with a
wet besom at each passage through the rolls, while for forgings, a pail of water is
frequently dashed on the heated metal, and any scale or oxide not removed thereby,
is swept or scraped off. Instead of such sweeping I remove the scale by directing
a jet or blast of steam obliquely upon the plate, sheet or bar, as it passes from or
returns into the rolls, or while under the hammer by which jet or blast, the scale
is instantly blown away, and is thereby prevented from being rolled into the plate
or sheet to the great injury of its surface. The same method of removing scale by
a jet or blast of steam may be adopted in rolling or forging iron or steel of any
section.
i
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Applicant's Agent.
I
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
0 Improvements in and Connected with the Rolling and Forging
of Metals.
I HENRY WILLIAM HOLLIS of The Butterley Company Butterley Iron Works
Alfreton in the County of Derby Manager do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In calling no inna stool ulnia
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page_text: wet besom at each passage through the rolls; while in bar mills a stream of water
is usually constantly directed upon the rolls; by which to some extent, the scale
formed upon a bar of iron or steel is detached; and for forgings, water frequently
thrown on the heated metal, and, at the subsequent blow of the hammer, explodes
in steam between the face of the hammer and the surface being operated upon,
thereby throwing off the scale. Instead of, or in addition to such sweeping or
throwing on of water, I remove the scale by directing a jet or blast of steam
obliquely upon the plate, sheet or bar as it passes from or returns into the rolls, or
upon the forging while under the hammer, by which jet or blast the scale is
instantly blown away, and is thereby prevented from being rolled into the plate
sheet or bar, or hammered into the forging to the great injury of the finished
surface of such plate, sheet, bar or forging. The same method of removing scale
by a jet or blast of steam may be adopted in rolling or forging iron or steel of any
section or shape. I find that for the steam jet a nozzle of about five eighths of an
inch in diameter, at the end of a pipe leading from a steam boiler will give good
results, said pipe should have a diameter of not less than an inch and a half, in
order that the steam may not be "wire drawn," but maintain its full pressure at
the orifice of the jet. To obtain the best effect of the jet or blast, the steam should
be at a pressure of not less than about seventy pounds per square inch; and in
adapting the jet to mills for rolling plates, sheets or bars there should be a nozzle
on each side of the rolls, the two nozzles being preferably supplied with steam
from one pipe, and so arranged that the blast or jet may be turned on and off as
required by cocks or valves in the steam pipes near the nozzles, such cocks or
valves being furnished if necessary with handles of wood to protect the hand of
the person working the jet from being burnt, through the heating of the pipe cock
or valve by the passage of the steam. If the pressure of steam in the boiler or
boilers working the engines of the rolling mill, or driving the forging hammer, be
not sufficient to work the jets to advantage, I employ a small boiler for the jets
alone, and work then with steam at a pressure of from seventy to one hundred and
twenty pounds per square inch.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In the rolling or forging of metals the application and use of a jet or jets of
steam for the purpose of removing the scale substantially as specified.
Dated this 18th da.. of Amil 1000
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENT IN
DRIVING BELTS AND ROPES, a communication to me from abroad by Friedrich
Wegmann, Engineer, of Zürich, Switzerland, to be as follows:-
This improvement has for its object to prevent or to reduce the sliding of the
straps on the pulleys, without using artificial means, such as adhesive paste.
For the said purpose I use a strap, having twice the length of the hitherto used
straps, such a strap being laid in a spiral line so as to form a double layer, and the
two ends are joined either by means of a buckle, passing round the middle part, or
by perforating the middle part of the strap between the two ends and connecting
the latter through the perforations, so as to form at this part a crossing of the two
strap layers.
The strap forms, by this arrangement and manner of joining, a double loop, the
inner layer of which can contract, when the outer layer is stretched, but not
inversely.
The two ends may be formed into tongues, passing through the perforation of
the middle part and stitched together, or they may be connected by one or more
parallel strings passing through one or more perforations of the strap or by other
suitable means,
The same type or shape and method of connection may be adapted for metallic
bands and endless ropes or strings.

page_text: Improvement in Driving Belts and Ropes.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Friedrich Wegmann, of Zürich, Switzerland, and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This improvement has for its object to prevent or to reduce the sliding of the
straps on the pulleys, without using artificial means, such as adhesive paste.
For the said purpose I use a strap, having twice the length of those hitherto
used, such a strap being laid in a spiral line so as to form a double layer, and the
two ends a and b (see Fig. 1 of the annexed drawings) are joined either by means
of a buckle or shackle passing round the middle part, or by perforating that part
of the strap which is situated in the middle between the two ends and connecting
the latter through the perforations so as to form at this part a crossing of the two
strap layers.
The compound strap forms, by this arrangement and manner of joining, a double
loop, the inner layer of which can contract, when the outer layer is stretched, but
not inversely.
In using this double loop as a strap, the shortenings and lengthenings take place
because the outer layer of the strap has a larger diameter, and therefore makes a
longer travel within a given time, than the inner layer. In consequence, an
alternate pulling and pushing of the two strap layers lying over each other takes
place, whereby the inner layer of the strap tends continuously to shorten, while
the outer layer, which covers the inner layer-as far as the pulleys are in contact
with the strap, retains this contraction, owing to the considerable adhesion between
the two layers. A continuous and automatic tonsion is thus produced, which
imparts to the strap the highest amount of tractive power, even when the strap is
loose or loosens itself on the pulley.
The ends of the straps may be joined by any metallic pieces, but preferably by
strings or strips of leather or guts. Broad straps may be provided with several
perforations side by side, or the opening is to be made about half the width of
the strap, and the ends of the strap are proportionally narrowed, laid over each
other and sewn and riveted or otherwise joined together. The perforations in the
middle part of the strap must be long enough, for allowing the strap to produce
the necessary compensating slip or motion.
In the annexed drawing, Fig. 2 shows an arrangement of compound straps,
where the ends are joined by a sort of buckle across the middle part. The joining
buckle may be made of metal, leather, guts or any other suitable material.
Fig. 3 shows the joining of a broad strap with a large perforation and with the
ends laid over each other and joined together. Figs. 4, 5 and 7 show the joining of
the ends of a narrow strap by means of a perforation and strings, guts or other
ties passing through the same.
Fig. 6 shows the joining of the ends of a wide strap by means of several
perforations and strings.

page_text: This arrangement is also applicable to cord-or rope driving and to driving
bands of metal or other material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
A driving belt, coiled spirally so as to form a double layer, and made endless by
drawing one layer through the other, either by means of a shackle, or by means of
perforations and narrowed ends or connecting strings, so that the two layers cross
each other, the same arrangement being repeated, if desired.