IMPROVE- MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Goulding and Austin Hill, both of
Leicester, Agricultural Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Goulding and
Austin Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th August 1870.
-
We, WILLIAM · GOULDING and AUSTIN HILL, both of Leicester,
Agricultural Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the mode of com-
municating motion from the driving wheels of reaping and mowing
machines to the cutter bar. For this purpose we dispense with the
bevilled wheel and with the extra shaft carrying the crank wheel and

page_text: .
bevilled pinion, and we mount the crank wheel on the axis of the toothed
pinion, which receives motion from the internal toothed driving wheel,
such axis being prolonged for this purpose. The crank pin is by a
connecting rod connected to one end of a bell-crank lever carried by an
upright fixed pin or stud, the other end of which bell-crank lever is by
a connecting rod connected to the cutter bar. Each connection between
the crank wheel, connecting rods, bell-crank lever, and cutter bar is
provided with a universal joint consisting of two pin joints placed at
right angles to each other.
The Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in crank pins and in
the pins of connecting rods and other pins whereby they are rendered
self-lubricating. For this purpose we form such pins hollow and with
enlarged heads which are hermetically closed with screw or other plugs.
In the head of the pin or other, suitable part thereof is a hole, through
which the pin is filled with the lubricating material, and such hole is
closed by a screw plug; a small hole is formed at about the centre of
the length of the pin, to permit of the lubricating material passing from
the interior to the exterior thereof to lubricate the brasses or other
bearings as desired. Pins constructed as above described are applicable
to reaping machines and to other purposes.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to a mode of preventing the screw nuts
of reaping and mowing machines from becoming loose. For this purpose
we form the washer with a pin projecting from the under side thereof
and passing into a hole formed in the part through which the bolt is
passed, the washer has also a projection on the upper side thereof but at
a suitable distance from the bolt to permit of the nut being screwed up
or turned round without touching such projection; when the nut is
fully screwed up a locking piece having a hole therein to fit the nut and
another hole to fit the projection on the washer is passed over the nut,
so as to allow the projection on the washer to pass through the corre-
sponding hole in the locking piece, when a piece of wire is passed
through a hole in such projection and the ends of such wire twisted
together, thereby securely holding all the parts in position. In cases
where a washer is not used the projection passing through the locking
piece may be screwed into the part through which the bolt is passed,
and in some cases we use an extra washer of thin metal stamped into
shape, and provided with a hasp or tang, which whilst the nut is being
turned round lies flat; but when the nut is fully screwed up such tang

page_text: or hasp is turned up so as to pass through a corresponding hole or notch
in the locking piece, and a piece of wire is passed through such tang or
hasp as before described, the thick or ordinary washer being provided
with a stud or projection passing into a hole in the part through which
the bolt is passed. The modes herein described of locking nuts are also
applicable to other purposes.
The Invention relates, fourthly, to an improved mode of connecting
the connecting rod of reaping and mowing machines to the cutter bar.
For this purpose we dispense with the forked end of the connecting rod,
and we form the lug on the cutter bar to fit into a cylindrical joint
formed on the end of the connecting rod, such cylindrical joint being
formed with a side or end like a cylinder of an engine, but having an
opening in the cylindrical portion to permit of sufficient play between
the lug on the cutter bar and the connecting rod, a spin and plit key
being employed to hold the parts together. By these means we obtain
a larger wearing surface with less wear and tear than when employing
the ordinary form of connection. We prefer to form the connecting
rod of two flat springs bolted to the end pieces, which are of cast metal.
The Invention relates, fifthly, to an improved mode of mounting the
rake and beater arms of self-delivery reaping machines, whereby a
greater weight is thrown on to the rakes or beaters passing over the
platform than on the others, whilst the machine is somewhat more
compact than usual. This we effect by pivotting the frames carrying
the rake and beater arms at a considerable distance below the line of
such arms, so that as the arms rotate they are when passing over the
platform thrown considerably over to that side of the machine, thereby
enabling such arms to be made shorter than heretofore.
The Invention also relates to means for throwing the motion for the
rake arms and the motion for the cutter bar simultaneously out of
action. The pinion operating the cutting motion is acted upon by
means of a clutch carried by one end of a spring lever having its
fulcrum in a fixed loop, the other end of such spring lever being
passed through a hole in a suitable bearing carried by the frame of
the machine. This disc has two holes at right angles to the aforesaid
hole, through which two holes the forked end of a rod passes; this
rod is connected to a shaft or axis working in suitable bearings fixed
in a convenient position to be acted upon by the driver when on his
seat or otherwise, a lever being fixed to such shaft or axis for this

page_text: purpose. The motion for the rake or beater arms is acted upon by a
clutch lever, but such clutch lever according to the present Invention
is provided with a slot in the end, in which slot works a pin, carried by
an arm, fixed to a shaft or axis on which is fixed another arm at right
angles to the first mentioned arm, which. second arm is by a chain
passing round a guide roller connected to the lever before described for
operating the cutter motion, which lever is so connected to the chain
that when in either position it is held perfectly secure from slipping.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Goulding and Austin Hill in the Great 1
Seal Patent Office on the 24th February 1871.
TO-ALL-TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GOULDING and AUSTIN HILL, both of Leicester, Agricultural Engineers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Goulding and Austin Hill,
Her special licence that we, the said William Goulding and Austin 2
Hill, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as wc, the
said William Goulding and Austin Hill, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Goulding and
Austin Hill, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Goulding and Austin
Hill, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:
The Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the mode of com-
municating motion from the driving wheels of reaping and mowing
machines to the cutter bar. For this purpose we dispense with the
bevelled wheel and with the extra shaft carrying the crank wheel and
bevelled pinion, and we mount the crank wheel on the axis of the
toothed pinion which receives motion from the internal toothed driving
wheel, such axis being prolonged for this purpose. The crank pin is by*
a connecting rod connected to one end of a bell-crank lever carried by an
upright fixed pin or stud, the other end of which bell-crank lever is by a
connecting rod connected to the cutter bar. Each connection between
the crank wheel, connecting rods, bell-crank lever, and cutter bar is
provided with a universal joint consisting of two pin joints placed at
right angles to each other.
The Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in crank pins and
in the pins of connecting rods and other pins whereby they are rendered
self-lubricating. For this purpose we form such pins hollow and with
enlarged heads which are hermetically closed with screw or other plugs.
In the head of the pin or at other suitable part thereof is a hole, through
which the pin is filled with the lubricating material, and such hole is closed
5 by a screw plug; a small hole is formed at about the centre of the length.
of the pin to permit of the lubricating material passing from the interior
to the exterior thereof to lubricate the brasses or other bearings as
desired. Pins constructed as above described are applicable to reaping
and mowing machines and to other purposes.
) The Invention relates, thirdly, to a mode of preventing the screw nuts.
of reaping and mowing machines from becoming loose. For this purpose.
we form the washer with a pin projecting from the under side thereof.
and passing into a hole formed in the part through which the bolt is
passed; the washer has also a projection on the upper side thereof but.
5 at a suitable distance from the bolt to permit of the nut being, screwed
up or turned round without touching such projection. When the nut is
fully screwed up a locking piece having a hole therein to fit the nut
and another hole to fit the projection on the washer is passed over the

page_text: nut, so as to allow the projection on the washer to pass through the
corresponding hole in the locking piece, when a piece of wire is passed
through a hole in such projection and the ends of such wire twisted
together, thereby securely holding all the parts in position. In cases
where a washer is not used the projection passing through the locking
piece may be screwed into the part through which the bolt is passed,
and in some cases, we use an extra washer of thin metal stamped into
shape and provided with a hasp or tang, which whilst the nut is being
turned round lies flat, but when the nut is fully screwed up such tang or
hasp is turned up, so as to pass through a corresponding hole or notch in
the locking piece, and a piece of wire is passed through such tang or
hasp as before described, the thick or ordinary washer being provided
with a stud or projection passing into a hole in the part through which
the bolt is passed. The modes hercin described of locking nuts are also
applicable to nuts employed for other purposes.
The Invention relates, fourthly,-to-an-improved-mode_of_connecting
the connecting rod of reaping and mowing machines to the cutter bar.
For this purpose we dispense with the forked end of the connecting rod,
and we form the lug on the cutter bar to fit into a cylindrical joint
formed on the end of the connecting rod, such cylindrical joint being
formed with a side or end like a cylinder of an engine, but having an
opening in the cylindrical portion to permit of sufficient play between
the lug on the cutter bar and the connecting rod, a pin and split key
being employed to hold the parts together. By these means we obtain.
a larger wearing surface with less wear and tear than when employing
the ordinary form of connection. We prefer to form the connecting
rod of two flat springs bolted to the end pieces, which are of cast metal..
The Invention relates, fifthly, to an improved mode of mounting the
rake and beater arms of self-delivery reaping machines whereby a
greater weight is thrown on to the rakes or beaters passing over the plat-
form than on the others, whilst the machine is somewhat more compact
than usual. This we effect by pivotting the frames carrying the rake
and beater arms at a considerable distance below the line of such arms
so that as the arms rotate they are when passing over the platform
thrown considerably over to that side of the machine, thereby enabling
such arms to be made shorter than heretofore.
The Invention also relates to means for throwing the motion for the
rake arms and the motion for the cutter bar simultaneously out of action.

page_text: with the second shaft and bevilled wheel and pinion usually employed
to carry and give motion to the crank pin, whilst we avoid the thrust
ordinarily given by the connecting rod on the heel of the cutter bar.
means.
At Figures 2 and 3 we have shown an outside view and a section of a
connecting rod pin constructed according to the second part of our
Invention. a is the pin, which according to our Invention is formed
hollow and with an enlarged head a¹ formed or fixed thereon. This head
a' is hermetically closed by a screw plug as shown, or by other suitable
In this head we form a hole a² through which the pin is filled
with the lubricating material, and such hole is closed by a screw plug c
or in any suitable manner; a small hole a³ is formed at about the centre
of the pin to permit of the lubricating material passing out to lubri-
cate the brasses or other bearings in which the pin works as desired.
If desired the hole a² may be formed at other convenient part of the pin.
Crank pins or other pins may be according to our Invention constructed
in a similar manner to that above described.
Figures 4 and 5 show a bolt and nut in position with the third part of
our Invention applied thereto for preventing the screw nuts of reaping
and mowing machines from becoming loose. Figures 6 and 7 show
detail views of some of the parts separately.
a is a bolt; is a nut; and c is a washer, which according to this part
of our Invention is provided with a pin c¹ to pass into a suitable hole
formed for it in the part A on which the washer rests. This washer is
also provided with a projection or projections c² to pass through corre-
sponding holes d¹ formed in a locking piece d which is formed with a
hole therein to fit and yet to enable it to pass readily over the nut b.
After the nut has been fully screwed up the locking piece d is placed in
position over it, so that the projection c from the washer shall pass
through the holes of the locking piece d, when by passing pieces of
wire through holes formed in the projections c², as shown, and the ends of
such wires twisted together the parts are all held properly in position
and the nut prevented from unscrewing. In cases where a washer is
not used the projection or projections may be screwed into the part
A in suitable position to pass through the hole or holes d' of the locking
piece d, as will be readily understood.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, show a modification of this part of our
Invention in which we use an extra washer e of thin metal stamped into
shape, and provided with a hasp or tang e¹ which whilst the nut is

page_text: being turned round lies flat, but when the nut is fully screwed up such
tang or hasp e' is turned up and passes through a recess in the washer c,
and through a hole d' in the locking piece d, when a piece of wire is
passed through the hasp or tang e', and the ends thereof twisted together
as in the arrangement before described.
The modes herein described of locking nuts are also applicable to nuts
used for other machines and purposes.
Figures 12 and 13 show the mode in which we connect the cutter bars
of reaping and mowing machines with their connecting rods according
to the fourth part of our Invention. a is a lug fixed to the cutter bar b;
this lug is of a cylindrical form and fits into a cylindrical joint c¹ formed
on the end of the connecting rod c. It will be seen that this cylindrical
joint is provided with a side or end c² like a cylinder of an engine,
but has
an opening in the cylindrical portion to permit of sufficient play
between the lug a and the connecting rod c, a pin d and split key being
employed to hold the parts together. We prefer to form the connecting
rod as shown of two spring bars, which by bending facilitate connecting
and disconnecting it with the cutter bar as may be required. By this
form of joint we obtain a larger wearing surface with less wear and tear
than when employing the ordinary form of connection.
Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 show so much of a
self-delivery reaping machine as will enable us to describe the fifth and
last parts of our Invention, which are shown applied thereto. a, b, are
the rake and beater arms which instead of being connected to their axis
of motion at or near to the line of such arms are connected to frames
a', 6', which are pin jointed at a², 62, to the rotating boss c, so that as the
arms rotate they are when passing over the platform thrown considerably
over to that side of the machine, thereby throwing a greater weight on to
the rakes or beaters when on the platform side of the machine than on
the others, and enabling the beater arms to be made somewhat shorter
than would otherwise be necessary.
The following is the mode in which according to the last part of our
Invention we cause the motion for the rake arms and the motion for the
cutter bar to be simultaneously thrown into and out of action when
desired The pinion d operating the motion for the cutter bar and
receiving motion from the internal toothed wheel e as usual is connected
or disconnected with its shaft or axis by means of a clutch lever f, which
takes into a groove formed in the boss of the wheel d to move it as

page_text: required on its axis d either to connect or disconnect the pinion d with
its axis by means of a clutch d³ on the end of the axis d', and a corre-
sponding recess d* in the end of the toothed pinion d, as shewn more
clearly at Figures 22. The clutch lever is in the form of a flat spring,
as shewn more clearly at Figures 16 and 17, and has its fulcrum in a
fixed loop g. The other end of this clutch leverf is passed through a
hole in a disc h, which is capable of rotation in a frame or bearing i
carried by the frame of the machine. This disc, which is shown more
clearly at Figures 20 and 21, has two holes h², h², formed therein, through
which pass the two ends of a fork formed on the end of a rod j, which
is connected to a rod or axis j¹ working in suitable bearings as shewn
fixed to the seat B so as to be in a convenient position to be acted upon
by the driver when on his seat. A lever is fixed on the end of the rod
or axis for the above purpose, as shown more clearly at Figures 18 and
.19. Thus by causing the lever j to make a half rotation with its axis j'
the forked ends of the rod-y-cause-the-disc-h_also_to_perform a half rotation
and thereby to carry the end of the clutch lever f from the one side to
the other of the centre of motion of the disc h, and cause the pinion d to
be connected or disconnected with the axis & by the means already
described. The axis ¹ of the bevilled wheel k for communicating motion
from its driving pinion to the rake or beater arms a, b, is acted upon
by a clutch lever m to raise it out of or lower it into gear with the pinion
7, but such clutch lever m according to the present Invention is provided
with a slot in its outer end, in which slot works a pin carried by an arm
or lever n fixed to a shaft or axis n on which is fixed another arm or
lever n², which by a chain o passing partly round a guide roller pis
connected to the lever j". Thus by throwing the lever j² to the one side
or the other of its centre of motion j¹ the motion for the rake or beater
arms and that for the cutter bar are simultaneously thrown into or out
of gear, and the lever j is retained in either position against one or other
of the stops j³, j, as desired until again acted upon by the attendant,
whilst in case the clutch ds on the end of the axis dª should not be
opposite the recess d* in the pinion d when the lever j² has been acted
upon to throw the motion into gear, the spring clutch leverf will continue
its action on the pinion d until the clutch d³ and recess d* are opposite
cach other and the parts are connected together.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the mode
in which we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood
that what we claim is.
1

page_text: First. The mode of communicating motion to the cutter bars of reaping
and mowing machines substantially as shewn and described with reference
to Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. We claim the improvements in the construction of crank
and other pins whereby they are rendered self-lubricating, substantially
as shewn and described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
Thirdly. We claim the modes of preventing screw nuts to be used for
mowing and reaping machines and for other purposes from becoming
loose, substantially as shown and described with reference to Figures
4 to 11.
Fourthly. We claim the improved mode of connecting the connecting
rods of reaping and mowing machines with the cutter bars, substantially
as shown and described with respect to Figures 12 and 13.
Fifthly. We claim the mode of mounting the rake and beater arms by
pivotting their frames at a considerable distance below the line of such
arms in manner and for the purpose, substantially as shewn and described
with respect to Figures 14 and 15.
And lastly. We claim the mode of simultaneously acting upon the
motion for the rake and beater arms and the motion for the cutter bar,
substantially as shewn and described with respect to Figures 14 to 23 of
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Goulding and Austin Hill,
have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Twenty-third day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
Witness,
JOHN MYOTT.
WILLIAM GOULDING. (L.S.)
AUSTIN HILL.
(L.S.)