An Improved Construction of Water Closet for Utilizing Waste Water.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th July, 1892-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Construction of Water Closet for Utilizing Waste
Water.
I, JOHN DAY, of 198 Newhampton Road, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
"
In dealing with excremental matter by what is known as the "water carriage'
system it is usual to employ closets flushed with clean water, which requires of
course a large volume of water for such purpose only, independently of the other
purposes for which water is required in a house, and correspondingly increases the
bulk of the liquid flowing through the sewers, and greatly increases the difficulty
and cost of dealing with sewage. It is therefore advisable to utilize waste water
for the closets.
Now, this invention has for its object the construction of a water closet in
which the excremental matter is received into water contained in a bowl which
is supplied by the waste water from the sink or bath, or from other source, and
the contents of which are automatically discharged into a container from which
they pass out through a trap into the drain.
A closet, constructed according to this invention, has a container communicating
at the bottom with a trap and having pivoted within it a tilting bowl shaped so
that when empty or only partially filled with water it is heavier on one side of
the pivot centre than on the other, the heavier side balancing up the opposite
side against a suitable stop, but when the bowl is full the opposite side is heavier
and tilts the bowl over to discharge the contents into the container, and from
thence through the trap. Immediately the contents have been discharged, the
bowl balances itself up again into its normal position for receiving a fresh charge.
This bowl is supplied with water from a pipe which enters through the side of
the container, and is preferably bent down somewhat in position to deliver near
to that side of the bowl which falls in tilting, and the overbalancing is effected
usually by the force of the rush of water through the downward curve of the
pipe somewhat before the bowl quite full enough to be overbalanced simply by
the weight but if the water should issue from the pipe in such quantity only
as is insufficient to tilt the bowl by the force of the rush, the bowl would be
overbalanced simply by the weight. In an ordinary way, after the bowl has dis-
charged itself, there will be sufficient water dribble in through the pipe, after
the return of the bowl to its normal position, to ensure that some water will be
contained within the bowl; and of course a considerable quantity of water will
subsequently be delivered to the bowl when any waste water is poured away or
issues from the waste pipe of a cistern or the rain water spouting. As the bowl
must be placed to allow of proper fall for the waste water thereto from the
place where it is poured away or issues, it will usually, or frequently, happen that
the closet chamber will be required to be at some height above, and, in such
case, a vertical pipe or shaft, tapering larger in diameter downwards to prevent
excremental matter adhering to the sides thereof, is carried down from the closet
seat into the top of the container.
It will be seen that, by employing the above invention, a considerable volume of
waste water may be discharged from time to time through the trap at the bottom of
the container, each discharge carrying with it any excremental matter which has
fallen into the bowl since the last discharge.
The waste water poured away in a house will usually be ample for the purpose
of keeping the closet thoroughly flushed, but if in any case it should be found

page_text: necessary, owing to a short supply of water, a proportion of clean water may be
supplied to the bowl.
ותנית
1
hom 1901
STEPHEN
WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Construction of Water Closet for Utilizing Waste
Water.
I, JOHN DAY, of 26 Canal Street (formerly of 198 Newhampton Road),
Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In dealing with excremental matter by what is known as the "water carriage"
system it is usual to employ closets flushed with clean water, which requires of
course a large volume of water for such purpose only, independently of the other
purposes for which water is required in a house, and correspondingly increases the
bulk of the liquid flowing through the sewers and greatly increases the difficulty
and cost of dealing with sewage. It is therefore advisable to utilize waste water
for the closets.
Self-tilting flushing tanks or bowls have been employed in closet apparatus for
utilising waste water, but in such cases the water has been used simply to flush out
a container or vessel into which the excremental matter has previously been
deposited, and generally or frequently such container has no, or but little, water
therein into which to receive the excremental matter, and consequently such matter
has tended to foul the container, and has not been softened and thus rendered more
fitted to pass easily through the drains as it would be if it were deposited into a
considerable volume of water and allowed to soak therein. If, however, the
container normally holds a considerable supply of water, the flushing will usually
not be so complete, as the volume of water in the container will to some extent
check the rush of the water from the self-tilter, especially as it will usually be
found inconvenient or even impossible to give any considerable head to the
discharge owing to the low level at which the self-tilter will usually need to be
placed.
Now, this invention has for its object the construction of a water closet in which
the excremental matter is received into water contained in a bowl which is supplied
by the waste water from the sink or bath (or it may be from other source), and the
contents of which are automatically discharged into a container from which they
pass out through a trap into the drain.
A closet, constructed according to this invention, has a container communicating
at the bottom with a trap and having pivoted within it a tilting bowl shaped so
that when empty, or only partially filled with water, it is heavier on one side of the
pivot centre than on the other, the heavier side balancing up the opposite side
against a suitable stop, but when the bowl is full the opposite side is heavier and
tilts the bowl over to discharge the contents into the container, and from thence
through the trap. Immediately the contents have been discharged, the bowl
balances itself up again into its normal position for receiving a fresh charge. This
bowl is supplied with water from a pipe which enters through the side (preferably
the front side) of the container, and is preferably bent or inclined downwards
somewhat in position to deliver near to that side of the bowl which falls in tilting,
and the overbalancing is effected usually by the force of the rush of water through
the downward curve or inclination of the pipe somewhat before the bowl is quite
full enough to be overbalanced simply by the weight; but if the water should issue
from the pipe in such quantity only as is insufficient to tilt the bowl by the force of
the rush, the bowl would be overbalanced simply by the weight. In an ordinary

page_text: way, after the bowl has discharged itself, there will usually be sufficient water flow
or dribble in through the pipe, immediately or soon after the return of the bowl to
its normal position, to ensure that some water will be contained within the bowl
before the closet is used; and of course a considerable quantity of water will be
delivered to the bowl when any waste water is poured away down the sink or
flows into the pipe aforesaid from the waste pipe of a cistern or the rain water
spouting. As the bowl must be placed to allow of proper fall for the waste water
thereto from the place where it is poured away, it will usually, or frequently,
happen that the closet seat will be required to be at some height above the
bowl, and, in such case, a vertical pipe or shaft formed of an enlarged diameter
from a point a short distance below the seat, to prevent excremental matter
coming in contact with the sides of the lower portion, is carried down from the
closet seat onto the top of the container. The closet should of course be trapped
from the place where the water enters the pipe or conduit thereto from the sink,
such as by the use of an ordinary gully trap.
In order that the invention may be readily and clearly understood, I have
appended hereto a sheet of drawings illustrating a practical application thereof,
and will now proceed to describe the same by the aid of letters of reference.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through a closet apparatus constructed according
to, and for the purpose of, this invention;
Figure 2 is a half plan of the container with the top on and a half plan of the
container with the top removed, the tilting bowl being shewn within the container;
Figure 3 is a vertical section, taken on line of Figure 1, through the lower
part or body of the container and the trap at the bottom thereof.
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the tilting bowl pivot pins, and
its bearing, and shews the connection of such pin and bearing with the bowl and
container, respectively;
Figure 5 is a plan of Figure 4; and
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the elastic stop against which the forward end of
the bowl strikes as it returns to its normal position after discharging.
Similar letters indicate like parts throughout the views.
A is the tilting bowl, pivoted at a within the container B. The container is
conveniently formed in two parts, of which the upper part B¹ is placed within a
rebate or socket at the top of the part B, after the bowl has been put in position,
and is jointed to such part by clay or soft-setting mortar. The bowl is shewn, by
full lines, in its balanced-up or normal position with its forward end against a
stop b; and is shewn by broken lines, Figure 1, in its tilted position, as when dis-
charging its contents into the bottom of the container, that is to say, immediately
over and into the outlet from the container into the syphon or trap C. The bowl
may be varied considerably in shape, but I consider the spoon shape shewn the
best for pouring out the contents into the container, as ensuring the best delivery
of the water into the opening to the syphon C, and as rendering the bowl self-
cleansing. The water which supplies the bowl issues from the pipe or branch D,
which is conveniently moulded up in one piece with the part B₁ of the container.
The outer end of this pipe is, of course, connected up with the piping F through
which the water is conducted to the apparatus; and the lower side of the inner end
is preferably downwardly inclined, as shewn, and the pipe delivers into the bowl
near the front end thereof.
The pipe or shaft E E, through which excremental matter falls from the seat e
into the bowl, is formed with an enlarged portion E' which is jointed within a
rebate or socket at the top of the part B of the container, and the portion E of less
diameter which is immediately above the portion E' has a downward rim which
projects, consequently, into the upper end of the part E'. The portion E' being
enlarged, as shewn, from the part E, excremental matter is prevented from falling
against and fouling its sides: and the downward rim f prevents urine or slops
Howing down the side of the part E from running down the side of the part E'.
The part
E can, of course,
be readily cleansed from time to time.

page_text: It is much preferred, for the sake of cleanliness, to make the bowl, container, and
sbaft E E in earthenware, but they, or any of them, may, of course, be made in
metal if desired.
Figures 4 and 5 shew the attachment of a pivot pin and its bearing to an
earthenware bowl and container, respectively, sufficient only of these parts being
shewn to make the illustrations clear. Each pin is formed with a round part g for
turning within the bearing h, with a collar i to fit against the outside of the bowl,
with a part for leading into a hole formed in the side of the bowl to receive it,
and with a screwed end! on which a washer-nut is screwed to hold it firmly in
place. To enable the pins to be adjusted in position to give the required degree of
overbalance to the hinder end of the bowl when empty, and to facilitate the leading
in, each pin hole in the bowl is formed slotted longitudinally. A flute mis
formed in the upper and lower sides of the part k of each pin to receive lead as it is
run in. Each bearing his formed with a flange or feather which drops into a
corresponding groove in the side of the container. The bearings are leaded in, and
the openings in the container sides are made of course large for this purpose.
The pins and bearings are formed, preferably, of gun metal, or other non-
corrosible or but slightly corrosible metal.
The stop, shewn to an enlarged scale by Figure 6, consists conveniently simply
of a headed pin o surrounded at its inner or head end by a rubber block p. The
pin is passed through a hole in the side of the part B' of the container, and screwed
up with the rubber block inside.
When the bowl is tilted full over in discharging, it is stopped against a rubber
stop r, which is conveniently formed of a plain headed shank, of which the shank is
pushed from the inside into a hole formed in the back of the container.
It will be seen that, by employing the above invention, a considerable volume of
waste water may be discharged from time to time through the trap at the bottom
of the container, each discharge carrying with it any excremental matter which has
fallen into the bowl since the last discharge, thus ensuring that such matter will
almost invariably pass away through the drain with the rush of water delivered
with it from the bowl.
The waste water poured away in a house, will usually be ample for the purpose
of keeping the closet thoroughly flushed, but if in any case it should be found
necessary a proportion of clean water may be supplied to the bowl.
It will be obvious that a container is not an essential feature of the invention,
as the tilting bowl may be pivoted in any position, whether within a container or
even exposed, so long as it is supplied with water, and is set to deliver into a
syphon, trap or drain, or into a channel or conduit leading thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Waste water closet apparatus provided with an automatic or self-tilting bowl
into which excremental matter is deposited direct by the user, substantially as
described.
2. Waste water closet apparatus provided with an automatic or self-tilting bowl
pivoted in position within a container to ensure that excremental matter will be
deposited direct therein by the user, substantially as described.
3. Waste water closet apparatus constructed and operating substantially as
described and shewn by the drawings herewith.
Dated 15th day of July 1892.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.