Improvements in or connected with Kilns for Burning Earthenware Pipes and other Articles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 26th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Kilns for Burning Earthenware
Pipes and other Articles.
I, JOHN HALL of Swadlincote Collieries (near Burton-on-Trent) in the County
of Derby, Colliery Owner do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable drain pipes and other articles to be
readily burnt or fired without the necessity of packing the kiln with articles of
various sizes.
For example it has hitherto been necessary when burning three and four inch
drain pipes to place a quantity of nine inch or twelve inch pipes in each kiln to
bold the smaller ones in position owing to the impossibility of stacking a kiln
with small pipes only as the small pipes collapse if not supported by the larger
ones but kilns constructed according to this invention may be stacked with three
inch or four inch pipes only and no more wasters be produced than with kilns
of the ordinary construction.
$6
Now according to this invention I subdivide the kiln into a series of compart-
ments by means of walls of firebrick with interstices between the bricks in each
course or the walls may be solid if preferred.
In applying my invention to an ordinary domed or beehive kiln for burning drain
pipes I build therein a number of radial walls preferably of firebrick and with
interstices between the bricks in each course.
These walls are continued up to the commencement of the dome and are bonded
into the inside wall of the kiln which inside wall is commonly called the "bag.'
Sufficient space is left between the inner ends of the walls to allow of the pipes
being stacked in the kiln ready for firing and removed therefrom when burnt.
Each compartment may be filled with small pipes stacked four or five high in
fact any height that the size of kiln and nature of clay will allow same to stand as
usual no large pipes being required to support the small ones.
By this arrangement of walls more small articles may be placed in a kiln
than is the case when the small articles have to be held in position by large
ones and a saving of fuel and time is effected as the small goods are more easily
and rapidly burnt than the large ones.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1895.
T. E. HALFord,
11 Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
5 Improvements in or connected with Kilns for Burning Earthenware
Pipes and other Articles.
I JOHN HALL of Swadlincote Collieries (near Burton-on-Trent) in the County
of Derby, Colliery Owner do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to enable drain pipes and other articles to be

page_text: readily burnt or fired without the necessity of packing the kiln with articles of
various sizes.
For example it has hitherto been necessary when burning three and four inch
drain pipes to place a quantity of nine inch or twelve inch pipes in each kiln to
hold the smaller ones in position owing to the impossibility of stacking a kiln with
small pipes only as the small pipes collapse if not supported by the larger ones but
kilns constructed according to this invention may be stacked with three inch or
four inch pipes only, and no more wasters will be produced than with kilns of
the ordinary construction.
66
"
Now according to this invention I subdivide the kiln into a series of compart-
ments by means of walls of firebrick or other suitable material having interstices
between the bricks in each course. Or the walls may be solid (without interstices)
if preferred. In applying my invention to an ordinary domed or "beehive "kilns
for burning drain pipes, I build therein a number of radial walls preferably of
firebrick and with insterstices between the bricks in each course.
These walls are continued up to the commencement of the dome and are
bonded into the inside wall of the kiln, which inside wall is in common use called
the "bag."
"
Sufficient space is left between the inner ends of the walls to allow of the pipes
being stacked in the kiln ready for firing and removed therefrom when burnt.
Each compartment may be filled with small pipes stacked four or five high (or
to any other height that the size of kiln and nature of clay will allow to stand) as
usual no large pipes being required to support the small ones.
By this arrangement of walls more small articles may be placed in a kiln than is
the case when the small articles have to be held in position by large ones, and a
saving of fuel and time is effected, as the small goods are more easily and rapidly
burnt than the large ones. And in order that my said invention may be fully
understood I will proceed to explain the same with reference to the accompanying
sheet of drawings in which :-
Fig. 1 represents vertical section of a circular domed or "beehive" kiln con-
structed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is horizontal section of same.
Fig. 3 is cross section of a rectangular kiln also constructed according to this
invention.
Fig. 4 is horizontal section of same.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figs.
a is the outer wall of the kiln 6 the inner wall the door giving access to the
interior of the kiln. d the domed top of the kiln ffffff are walls of firebrick or
other suitable material radiating from the centre of the kiln to the wall b.
The walls are preferably constructed with instertices between the bricks
forming each course as shewn at Fig. 1 so as to allow the hot air from the furnaces
or firegrates to circulate freely through the various compartments.
The walls are preferably tied into the wall b and do not meet at the centre of
the kiln but are left as shewn at Fig. 2 with a space g between each pair of walls
sufficient to allow the workmen to stack the unburnt pipes or other articles in the
kiln ready for firing and to remove them when burnt. The usual furnaces and
flues are arranged round the kiln in the usual way.
The number of walls fused will vary with the size of the kiln the larger the kiln
the more walls will be required and vice-versú.
The un-burnt pipes are stacked one above the other in the usual way, as high
as the construction of the kiln and nature of the clay of which the pipes are made
will allow, the walls f being continued up to the commencement of the dome to
allow of as many pipes as possible being stacked in the kiln.
In kilns constructed as herein before described three inch or four inch drain pipes
and other small articles may be burnt without having to be supported by nine and
twelve inch pipes or other large articles.
By burning only small pipes or other articles at one firing a saving of fuel is

page_text: effected as the smaller articles require less fuel to burn them than the larger ones
previously fired with them.
In adapting my invention to kilns other than circular, care must be taken that
the compartments formed between each pair of walls are of sufficient size to stack
a predetermined number of pipes or other articles without leaving vacant spaces
between the pipes and the walls and in all cases I prefer to make the compartments
narrower towards the centre of the kiln than at the outside thereof where this can
be done.
In the case of rectangular kilns such as are represented in Figs. 3 & 4 the
walls would be arranged as shewn in plan Fig. 4 forming a series of triangular
chambers in which the pipes are stacked.
It may be necessary to place short walls f¹¹ in the front of the alternate
chambers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In kilns for burning pottery, earthenware, pipes, and other goods the walls f
of firebrick or other suitable material extending to nearly the top of the kiln
substantially as hereinbefore specified and for the purpose stated.
2. In kilns for burning pottery earthenware pipes and other articles, the use of
walls of firebrick or other suitable material with insterstices between the bricks
or some of them in each course for the purpose stated.
3. The improved construction of kilns for burning pottery, earthenware, pipes
and other articles substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 26th day of October 1895.
T. E. HALFord,
11 Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.