Year: 1885

page_text: I CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT F.I.C., F.C.S., Vice President of the Society
of Public Analysts, of Trevena, Amhurst Park, Stamford Hill in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
'
This Invention bas for its object improvements in the treatment and utilization
of sewage.
.
J.
I employ for this purpose coke in the form of fine powder for I find that coke
in this state absorbs ammonia, sulphuretted hydrogen and other gases freely, whilst
it also acts as an efficient decolorising and deodorising agent.
I use the coke powder either alone or in conjunction with other substances as a
filtering medium and precipitant.
The liquid which passes through such a filter or after such precipitation is
effectually purified and the coke powder together with the material which it
separates from the sewage is a product which speedily undergoes oxidation in
contact with the atmosphere and is a good and useful manure. The product may
be drained more or less dry and, if necessary, pressed; then it may advantageously
be moulded into bricks and the bricks after drying are burnt.
The coke deposit after use may also be dried and employed as fuel or it may be
usefully applied in burning ballast.

page_text: I, CHARLES THOMAS KINGZETT F.I.C. F.C.S., Vice President of the Society of
Public Analysts, of Trevena, Amhurst Park, Stamford Hill in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment and utilization
of sewage.
I employ for this purpose coke in the form of fine powder for I find that coke
in this state absorbs ammonia, sulphuretted hydrogen and other gases freely, whilst
it also acts as an efficient decolorising and deodorising agent.
I use the coke powder either alone or in conjunction with other substances as a
filtering medium and precipitant..
The liquid which passes through such a filter or after such precipitation is
effectually purified and the coke powder together with the material which it
separates from the sewage is a product which speedily undergoes oxidation in
contact with the atmosphere and is a good and useful mauure. The product may
be drained more or less dry and, if necessary, pressed; then it may advantageously
be moulded into bricks and the bricks after drying are burnt.
The coke deposit after use may also be dried and employed as fuel or it may be
usefully applied in burning ballast.
In carrying out my invention I employ more or less finely powdered coke with
the view of assisting the precipitation or subsidence of the solid matters contained
in sewage and its clarification and purification and at the same time of producing
a deposit more or less particulate in character which admits of being more readily
pressed than ordinary sewage sludge and is more valuable in itself.
Where land is readily available for filtration of or irrigation with the effluent I do
not attach importance to the use of other chemicals such as salts of iron or aluminium
in conjunction with the coke for use as precipitating agents, because the sewage
effluent resulting after precipitation with coke (alone or with clay or with clay and
lime,) will contain more organic matter in solution than is the case where such salts
of iron or aluminium are also employed and this is an advantage since the dissolved
organic substances can be and are readily assimilated by the land and become
available as food for plant life at the same time that the purification of the effluent
is thereby completed.
After this filtration through land employed in the proportion of one or two acres
to the sewage effluent of say each 10,000 persons the purified effluent may be
allowed to pass or drain away into the nearest water course or river.
Where however land is not readily available I prefer to employ in conjunction with
the coke or coke and clay a proportion of lime for the purpose of making the sewage
alkaline in character and then to add a compound of iron or aluminium. In this
case the deposit or sludge is made richer in organic matters and the effluent is
sufficiently purified to be allowed to flow direct into a watercourse or river of good
volume, but even then it is preferable if possible to first filter the effluent through
land.

page_text: In the practical application of my invention the quantity of coke to be employed
for addition to the sewage varies with the composition of the sewage, from 5 grains
to 20 grains and upwards per gallon: I prefer to use it in admixture with clay
made into a sort of emulsion by grinding or otherwise mixing the two substances
with water: in this way from 1 grain to 10 grains of clay per gallon of sewage
may be employed together with the powdered coke.
In illustration of the quantity of coke and other materials to be used for the
precipitation of sewage where filtration of the effluent through land is not available
I give the following,—
In such a case the mixture or emulsion of coke with clay and lime is first added
and after some short interval the sulphate or other salt of aluminium or iron is
added, taking care to effect a thorough mixture with the sewage.
The use of powdered coke in either modification of my process may be
supplemented by filtration of the clarified and purified effluent resulting after
precipitation, through a bed or layer of powdered coke.
The deposit or precipitate obtained by my process can be readily pressed and it
constitutes a fairly good manure which may be usefully employed for making up
low lying lands or for admixture with clayey, sandy, or chalky lands thereby
improving them for agricultural production. It is particularly useful for these
purposes because of its physical character being rendered porous and particulated
by the coke, so that on the one hand it does not choke up the land like ordinary
sewage sludge and on the other hand air finds easy access to all parts of it and
plants more readily make use of it as food.
The material may be, after pressure, air-dried and employed as ordinary fuel for
use in boiler and other furnaces, or it may be suitably admixed with more clay and
converted into bricks, or it may be admixed with other materials such as are
ordinarily employed in the preparation of ballast or it may be roasted alone in a
suitable apparatus and reconverted into a carbonised material for use over again in
precipitating and purifying sewage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The use of powdered coke as described either alone or in conjunction with other
materials for the precipitation and filtration of sewage and the production of a
deposit or precipitate which may be usefully employed in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described.