CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, CEMENTS, ORNAMENTAL TILES, BRICKS, AND QUARRIES
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH.
ORSI, of Guildhall Chambers, in the City of London, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second
day of March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the eleventh.
year of Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Joseph Orsi, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial.
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph
Orsi, my exors, adiňors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Orsi, my exors, admňors, or assigns, should at any time àgree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands
of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's-*
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, CEMENTS, ORNAMENTAL TILES, BRICKS,
AND QUARRIES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Joseph Orsi, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in. Her said.
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Orsi, hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and in 5
what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained
in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Firstly, I employ for the manufacture of an artificial stone suitable for
building, paving, and other purposes the following composition of materials, to
which I give the name of Brown Metallic Lava.
Gravel or stone, broken into small pieces
Pounded chalk
Tar
-
3 parts.
-
2
"
1 part
Wax
Toth,,
The tar is first melted in a cauldron, and the wax, gravel, or broken stone,
chalk, and mineral color are successively added. The artificial stone.or
metallic lava thus formed is cast in moulds, either into solid blocks of any
It is also
required form, or into hollow vessels, as troughs and tanks.
made into pipes in manner following:-A circular core or rod. of wood, and
of the length and diameter of the proposed pipe, is enveloped in paper or other
suitable substance to prevent the "lava" adhering to the roller, and rolled
over a flat table covered with the lava in a warm and fluent state till it has
taken up a good coating of the lava. Three or more iron ribs are then
attached lengthways and at equal distances to the half formed pipe, by winding
wire round them, and when this has been done a second coating is added,
by rolling as before, and of thickness sufficient to cover the iron ribs and
wire. The pipe being now completed is set aside to cool, after which the
wooden core is withdrawn.
Secondly, I employ for the manufacture of ornamental tiles, bricks, and
quarries another combination of materials, to which I give the name of
"Ornamental Metallic Lava," and which is composed as follows:-
Ground flint
-
Marble broken into small pieces
Resin
.. Wax..
2 parts.
3
1 part
1'o "
· Some mineral substance to give the required colors to the lava, as, for
example, cobalt for bluc, yellow ochre for sandstone, red ochre for red granite,

page_text: The modes of preparing this lava, and of casting it of various forms, are
similar to those before directed to be followed in preparing and casting in the
brown lava. When it is desired to produce an ornamental tile, brick, or
quarry, according to any particular pattern or device, and in various colors,
I proceed as follows:-
Supposing (for example) the tile is to be made in four pieces enclosed
ono within the other, each of a circular, polygonal, or any other arbitrary
form and colors, respectively, of (1) blue, (2) yellow, (3) red, and (4) grey, F
first cast the blue piece (1) by itself in a suitable mould. Allow it to cool. I
then take it from the mould, and place it in the centre of the mould. from
which the yellow piece (2) is to be cast, and pour in the yellow lava of which
the latter is to be composed round the blue piece. I then transfer the blue
and yellow pieces (1 and 2) which have been thus united together to the
centre of the mould from which the red piece (3) is to be cast, and pour
the red lava of which the latter is to be composed round the blue and yellow.
And, finally, I place the triple pieces of the yellow and red in the centre of
the mould from which the outside piece of grey (4) is to be cast, and
complete the tile by the addition of the grey lava. I cast all these pieces on
a flat. iron, with their surfaces undermost which are intended to form. the
top surface of the tile when in use, and for the sake of economizing the
materials of which they are composed I. make each casting from about half
an inch to an inch only in thickness. I afterwards impart the requisite thick-
ness and strength to the tile by giving the whole a backing of the brown
lava first herein-before described, which is poured on in a warm fluent state:
When the tile has set and become cold it is ground and polished on its upper
surface in the ordinary manner practised by marble workers, that is to say, by
a flat stone, sand, and water. And,―
Thirdly, I manufacture an excellent cement from either of the combinations
of materials before described, observing only to reduce the materials to as
comminuted a state as can be conveniently done, and to apply the cement
in a warm state.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that the improvements which I
claim as constituting the said Invention are as follows:—
First, I claim the manufacture of artificial stone of the peculiar combina-
tion of materials herein-before. described to which I have given the name of
"brown lava."
Second, I claim tlie mode of manufacturing the said brown lava into pipes
herein-before described.

page_text: Third, I claim the employment in the manufacture of ornamental tiles,
bricks, and quarries of the peculiar combination of materials herein-before
described, and which I call ornamental lava.
Fourth, I claim the mode of manufacturing the said ornamental lava
into tiles, slates, and quarries of various colors and patterns as before described.
And
Fifth, I claim the manufacture of cements from the same combinations of
materials as the brown lava and ornamental lava are respectively composed of
as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Orsi, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight