IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Hansemann, of Eupen, Prussia, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS."
Sealed the 4th October 1860, and dated the 17th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Hansemann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1860.
I, GUSTAV HANSEMANN, of Eupen, Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for spinning
yarns, and it is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of woollen
yarns. The machinery consists of a frame in which two rows of spindles are
mounted, the spindles in the upper row at the same time twist and draw their
respectivo rovings, and the spindles in the lower row further twist them into
yarns and wind them on to cop tubes or bobbins. The spindles in the upper
row consist each of a tubular axis, which is mounted vertically in suitable
bearings, and is caused to revolve by a driving band passing round a pulley
thereon. At the upper end of the spindle a cylindrical tray is mounted, and
at its lower end a pair of rollers are arranged in a horizontal position; both
the cylindrical tray and the rollers are carried round by the spindle as it
The fibre to be spun is stripped from a carding engine in narrow
bands or ribbons in the usual manner, which are wound separately into rolls.
and these rolls are placed in the cylindrical trays before mentioned; the roving

page_text: passes off from the roll down through the hollow spindle, and between the
rollers at the lower part thereof, these rollers are caused to revolve on their
axes, so as to draw the roving off the ball in the following manner :-On the
axis of one of the rollers two ratchet wheels are fixed, one at each end of the
roller, and by the sides of the ratchet wheels levers are mounted on the same
axis, so that they can turn freely thereon, and the levers carry clicks or pawls,
which, when the levers are moved, as herein-after explained, so as to cause
them partially to rotate to and fro on their axes, drive the ratchet wheels and
the roller which is fixed on the same axis with them. The levers are con-
nected by links with a block, which is capable of sliding longitudinally on the
vertical axis or spindle, and a V-groove is turned in the periphery of this
block. Into these grooves the prongs of a fork enter, one on each side of the
block, and the fork is worked up and down by an excentric fixed on an axis,
which, by means of suitable gearing can be driven at any desired speed. The
roving after passing between the rollers on the spindle also passes between
rollers on the frame of the machine, which are driven at a greater speed than
the first to any extent which may be considered desirable. The roving when
it has been twisted and drawn between the rollers of the spindle and those
mounted on the frame is further twisted and wound on to a cop tube or bobbin
by one of the spindles of the lower row. The spindles of this row are such as
have before been employed in spinning yarns, although not in combination
with drawing spindles, as above described. The spindles of the lower row each
consist of a stem fixed in a bar of the framing, and carrying at its top a metal
bell, underneath the bell a bobbin or tube is placed on the stem, and it is
caused to revolve thereon by means of a driving band. The roving passes
direct from the rollers on the frame to the bobbin or tube, coming in contact
as it passes with the surface of the bell; the rotation of the bobbin or tube
twists the roving, and it winds it up on to itself at such a speed as to prevent
it becoming slack, the friction of the yarn on the surface of the bell causing
it to lag behind the bobbin when it is sufficiently slack to be able to do so.
To distribute the yarn properly on the bobbin or tubo the bobbin or tube rests
on a board which rises and falls, so as to cause the bobbin or tube to slide
longitudinally on the stem which carries it. The board is actuated by a
suitable cam surface, and in order that as the bobbin or tube becomes more
and more nearly full, the yarn inay be laid on to it progressively nearer and
nearer to its upper end, the cam surface itself is caused to rise continually
from the time when an empty bobbin or tube is placed on it until the same is
taken off full.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Gustav Hansemann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV
HANSEMANN, of Eupen, Prussia, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Gustav Hansemann, Her special licence that I, the said Gustav Hansemann,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Gustav
Hansemann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Gustav Hansemann, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Hansemann, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to bo particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for spinning
yarns, and it is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of woollen
yarns. The machinery consists of a frame in which two rows of spindles are
mounted, the spindles in the upper row at the same time twist and draw their
respective rovings and the spindles in the lower row further twist them into
yarns and wind them on to cop tubes or bobbins. The spindles in the upper
row consist each of a tubular axis which is mounted vertically in suitable bear-
ings and is caused to revolve by a driving band passing round a pulley thereon.
At the upper end of the spindle a cylindrical tray is mounted and at its lower
end a pair of rollers are arranged in a horizontal position; both the cylindrical
tray and the rollers are carried round by the spindle as it rotates. The fibre

page_text: to be spun is stripped from a carding engine in narrow bands or ribbons in
the usual manner which are wound separately into rolls and these rolls are
placed in the cylindrical trays before mentioned; the roving passes off from
the roll down through the hollow spindle and between the rollers at the lower
part thereof; these rollers are caused to revolve on their axes so as to draw
the roving off the ball in the following manner. On the axis of one of the
rollers two ratchet wheels are fixed one at each end of the roller, and by the
sides of the ratchet wheels levers are mounted on the same axis so that
they can turn freely thereon; and the levers carry clicks or pawls, which
when the levers are moved as herein-after explained so as to cause them
partially to rotate to and fro on their axes, drive the ratchet wheels and
the roller which is fixed on the same axis with them. The levers are
connected by links with a block which is capable of sliding longitudinally on
the vertical axis or spindle and a V-groove is turned in the periphery of
this block; into these grooves the prongs of a fork enter one on each side
of the block and the fork is worked up and down by an excentric fixed on
an axis which by means of suitable gearing can be driven at any desired
speed. The roving after passing between the rollers on the spindle also
passes between rollers on the frame of the machine, which are driven at a
greater speed than the first to any extent which may be considered desirable.
The roving when it has been twisted and drawn between the rollers of the
spindle and those mounted on the frame is further twisted and wound on
to a cop tubo or bobbin by one of the spindles of the lower row. The spindles
of this row are such as have before been employed in spinning yarns although
not in combination with drawing spindles as above described, The spindles
of the lower row each consist of a stem fixed in a bar of the framing and
carrying at its top a metal bell, underneath the bell a bobbin or tube is
placed on the stem and it is caused to revolve thereon by means of a driving
band. The roving passes direct from the rollers on the frame to the bobbin
or tube coming in contact as it passes with the surface of the bell; the
rotation of, the bobbin or tube twists the roving and it winds it up on to
itself at such a speed as to prevent it becoming slack; the friction of the yarn
on the surface of the bell causing it to lag behind the bobbin when it
is sufficiently slack to be able to do so. To distribute the yarn pro-
perly on the bobbin or tube the bobbin or tube rests on a board, which
rises and falls so as to cause the bobbin or tube to slide longitudinally on
the stem which carries it. The board is actuated by a suitable cam surface.
And in order that as the bobbin or tube becomes more and more nearly full
the yarn may be laid on to it, progressively pearer and nearer to its upper

page_text: end; the cam surface itself is caused to rise continually from the time
when an empty bobbin or tube is placed on it until the same is taken off
full.
And in order that my Invention may be the better understood and ex-
plained in detail I have annexed to this description a Sheet of Drawings, on
which Figures a, b, 16, 17, and 25, are represented full size, and Figures C,
D, and E, are made to a scale of th of the full size.
I have marked upon
the several Figures similar letters or numbers of reference on the correspon
ding parts of the machinery or apparatus.
Figures C and D exhibit two side elevations, and Figure E a front elevation
of the machine. Figure a represents separately a spindle suitably arranged
according to the Invention for the purpose of drawing out the fibres
and partially twisting them. The draw spindle consists of a tubular axis 4,
which is mounted vertically in the bearings 2 and 3, and is caused to revolve
by a driving band passing round a pulley 5, fixed thereon. At the upper end
of the axis 4 a cylindrical tray 1 is screwed and at the lower end of the axis
4 are two longer arms 32, 33 which carry the axis 19 and two smaller arms
34; these smaller arms carry the pin 22, underneath the bearing 3 and
fastened to the tubular axis 4, of the draw spindle is a small square feather
6, and on this and on the axis 4, a strap or socket 7, is capable of sliding up
and down, but it revolves with the spindle. This strap or socket 7 has a
projection 11 which carries the pin 12. The round plate 8, which rests on
the strap or socket 7, revolves in grooves in the bars 9 and 10 which go up and
down. By this arrangement the strap 7 can be slid up and down on the
axis 4 of the draw spindle whilst it revolves. The pin 12 projects out of the
projection 11, on each side, and there are two links 13 and 14, one carried by
each end of the pin 12, of which the one 18 is connected at its lower end to a
pin 15, and the other 14 to a similar pin on the opposite side. These pins
15. are respectively fastened to the two plates 17 and 18, (shown in Figure
6,) they come close to the ends of a roller 16, so that this roller is between
them. This roller 16 turns on the axis 19 and is ribbed on its surface.
Figure 16 shows a section of the roller 16, and of its axis 19. The ring or
perephery of the roller is carried by a central web 30, on each side of which
a ring of steel 28, 29, is fixed by a screw 27, and each ring has on tho
upper part a square elevation 28 and 29. The square elevations of the
steel rings are held off from the web 30, by the elasticity of the rings.
Figure 17 represents one of the two round plates 17 and 18, and which aro
shown in their places in Figure C. On the plate 17, there are three cogs 26,
or inclined teeth like those of a ratchet. The other plate 18 has a similar

page_text: arrangement, and both plates cover the ends of the roller, so that the cogs or
ratchet teeth are inside. If the plates are turned to and fro round the axis 19
one of the three cogs or teeth of each plate always catches the square elevation
of the steel ring which lies on the corresponding side. This causes a partial
turning of the roller 16, and as by the opposite standing of the links 13 and 14,
one of the plates moves down whilst the other rises, the roller turns round on
the axis 19 by pushes, when the strap or socket 7 slides up and down on the
tubular axis of the spindle. The lift of the strap or socket 7 is regulated in
such a manner that the roller 16 turns once round on the axis 19, when the
block goes three times up and down.
The same movement of the roller 16 can be caused by other arrangements
if preferred.
The pin 22 bears two equal arms, of which (in Figure a) only one 23 can be
scen. Between the two lower ends of these arms rotates the axis 20 and with
it a small roller 21, the surface of which is covered with leather, and between
the two other ends of these arms is attached a weight 24. This weight presses
the roller 21 against the ribbed roller 16. The cylindrical tray 1 is opened at
the top, and communicates by a hole at the bottom with the inside of the
tubular axis 4 of the spindle. The fibre to be spun is stripped from a carding
engine, and condensed by a condenser in narrow bands in the usual manner,
which are wound separately into rolls or balls, and one of these rolls or balls is
placed in each of the cylindrical trays of the spindles, or the fibres may be
otherwise prepared into suitable rovings. The rovings in the trays pass off
from the centre of the rolls or balls down through the hollow spindle 4, and
between the rollers 16 and 21; these rollers revolve when the machine is
working, and the roving will be drawn from the balls or rolls in a regular
manner.
Figure C represents the right, and Figure D the left hand side of the
machine, of which Figure E shows parts of a front elevation. d is the driving
drum, which receives motion by a driving strap from a steam engine or other
power; c is the pulley or drum which carries the driving band when the
machine is not at work; this pulley or drum revolves freely on its axis; e is a
pulley on the axis o, which by a band or strap drives the pulley f fixed on the
axis p. On the axis p there are small pullies r, one to each spindle 4, Figure a,
which by driving bands give rotation to the spindles 4, Figure a. On the
axis o is the pulley g, which drives the axis q by a band acting on the pulley h,
fixed on the axis q. On this axis q there is a pulley i, over which passes an
endless driving band, which passes under the pulley n, and thence to and round
a pulley on the drum 1, then back round a pulley on a second drum k, and

page_text: บ
from there under the opposite guide pulley m back to the pulley i. By this
arrangement the spindless at the lower part of the machine (which may be
such as are shown in the Drawing or other spinning spindles may be used in
place thereof) may be driven by cords & passing round the drums k, l, as shown.
On the right hand end of the axis o is a cog wheel u, which by the intermediate
wheel drives the cog wheel w on the axis of which is a crank a, or it might
be an excentric, which by a connecting rod gives motion to two arms C' and c'
on the axis or pin a', fixed to the framing and the arm c' by links d', e', gives
motion to the axis f' on which are arms g', g', which by links give motion to
rods i, moving in guides . To each rod is fastened a traverse P, to which
traverse are fastened (behind each draw spindle) a pair of rods 9 and 10 which
move the strap or socket 7 up and down on the spindles 4, 4, Figure a, and
cause the cylinder 16 to rotate, as before explained. In each of the Figures
C and D, only one spindle 4, Figure a, and one spindle s, are shown, but it
will be understood by the Drawing that there are two rows of such spindles in
the machine. The working up and down of the arms C' and c' on the axis or
pin a' gives motion the axis m' in the following manner :-On the axis m²
is a ratchet wheel with four cogs or ratchet teeth, two levers are mounted at the
end of the arm c', and each lever carries a click or driver at its upper end, so as
to act on the ratchet teeth, so that as the arm c³ rises its driver acts, and in the
descent of the arm c' the click or driver of the other lever acts. There is a
like arrangement at the other end of the machine, but the same is not shown
in the Drawing. On the axis o' is a cog wheel p', which by the intermediate
wheel g' drives the cog wheel r¹ and its axis s', and there is a like arrangement
at the other end of the machine, but the same is not shown in the Drawing.
On the axis s' thero is under each spindle 4, 4, Figure a, a ribbed roller t', one
of which rollers is represented in Figure D. Another roller is caused to
press on the roller & by the weight v. A similar roller u' and weight is
employed for each spindle 4, Figure a, and all the rollers and their weights
are mounted on the same axis w'. In Figure E, one of two boards a' is
shown, which carries eyes to hold and guide the fibres to the spindles s, and z¹
is a bar which rises and falls, and causes the bobbins or tubes of the spindles s
to enter into and to come out from the bells, so that the yarn as spun is wound
in a good and regular manner. The bar has such a form that one spindle s
always stands a little higher than the other, so that the cords which drive them
and which rise and fall with them on the drums never can come together. The
motion of the bar is actuated by machinery which is used for the same
purpose in other spinning machines.
Having now explained the several parts of the machine, I will now describe

page_text: the manner of spinning in respect to one spindle 4, Figure a, and, as all the
spindles 4, Figure a, and apparatus connected in the working thereof are alike,
the description of the action of one will in fact be applicable to all. A band
of roving as it is formed in rolls by the condenser of a carding engine or other-
wise, is put into the cylindrical tray 1 of the spindle 4, Figure a. The end of
the roving is drawn through the tubular axis of the spindlo 4, Figure a, by a
hooked wire, and passed between the two rollers of it, then between the
rollers u' and t', then through an eye on the board a, and it is then fastened
to the spool or bobbin of a spindle s. The rollers 16 and 21 of the spindle 4
Figure a, revolve at the same speed. The speed of the roller t' (which has a
diameter double that of the roller 16 of the spindle 4 Figure a) can be
changed by changing the cog wheel p³, therefore the roving can be drawn
out as much as may be required between the upper spindle 4, Figure a,
and the roller t'. The twist which is given to the fibres as they are being
drawn out can be altered by putting other pullies in place of the pulley f.
Below the roller t' the yarn is twisted by the spindle s, and wound up on a
spool or bobbin carried thereon, as is well understood in other spinning
machines. It should be stated that the tubes of the spindles s revolve in the
opposite direction to the spindles 4, Figure a. The speed of the first can be
altered by putting on other pullies. By changing the cog wheel w, the speed
of the up-and-down motion of the different parts shown in Figure C, and the
speed of the rollers which draw out the roving can be altered whilst the
twisting of the spindle 4 Figure a, and the spindle s remains the same. By
crossing the driving band which gives motion to the pulley, d will cause the
.machine to twist the yarn in the opposite direction.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the mechanical parts separately; but what I claim is, the combined
apparatus shown and described with reference to Figure a of the Drawing, and
combined therewith a suitable spindle for spinning the fibres therefrom,
together with mechanism for giving motion thereto, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Hansemann, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
G. HANSEMANN. (L.B.)