IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1889

page_text: I, MARK WESLEY DEWEY of the City of Syracuse, in the County of Onondaga and.
State of New York, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY," and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to a system of telegraphy wherein pulsations or waves of
different lengths are transmitted either separately or simultaneously through a single.
wire, and has for its object to increase the speed of telegraphic transmission of signals
without materially increasing the expense of supporting such system.
In the common transmission of signals through a telegraphic circuit, it is a well
known fact that both with the needle telegraph and the Morse instrument it is
necessary to depress a key several times at the transmitting station, sending currents
to line, differing in length of duration or changes in polarity, in order to indicate or
record a letter, or character representing a letter, at the receiving station. This
consumes a great deal of time and it takes but a small amount of business to keep a
wire occupied continually, and necessitates the employment of several wires or a duplex
or multiplex system, which requires the services of several operators.
By my improved system one operator is enabled to send a message in one-fourth or
one-fifth of the time that would be occupied in sending the same by the old method,
or one operator may transmit as fast as four or five using a multiplex system.
.
In the. Morse system the letters that are used most are made by a fewer number of
depressions of the key than others in order to get greater speed; the letter-E-
occurring oftener than any other is represented simply by a dot which is made by a
very short depression of the key; the other letters and marks are each made in the
time occupied in making from two to eight such simple signs. Now it may be readily
understood that, if every letter is made as quickly as the letter-E-represented by a
dot a great speed can be attained.
The object of my invention is to attain this speed of telegraphy by means of a single
line wire and a minimum number of tramsmitters and reeds, and to that end iny
invention consists in the combination with the electro harmonic system, of a series of

page_text: co-operating manipulative transmitting keys arranged to be operated by one operator,
and a corresponding number of recording levers operated by the respective keys, and
arranged with their markers in a row at right angles to the line of travel of the paper
to print simultaneously side by side and in rows at right angles to the line of travel of
the paper, each of said rows of marks representing a letter or character, all as herein-
after more fully described and specifically set forth in the claim.
Referring to the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing the arrangement of
circuits, Fig. 1 shows only one key "K" of the series located at the transmitting
station, and one recording lever of the series at the receiving station, Fig. 2 is a
similar arrangement adapted to transmit impulses of an undulatory character. In
this Figure at the station on the right, both a transmitting key and recording lever is
shown. It will be understood of course that a transmitting apparatus having several
_keys and a receiving instrument having a corresponding number of recording levers
may be located at all stations, Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2 showing five keys,
a corresponding number of transmitting reeds, receiving reeds, and recording levers,
and also illustrating the style of recording produced. The marks or dots on the
strip of paper-a-representing the word "telegraph" as shown. And Fig. 4 shows
a modification of the arrangement of the magnet and its armature in relation to the
marking lever actuated thereby.
In the figures, -T-represents the transmitting reeds, five of which may be
employed in a transmitting apparatus, each of said reeds possessing a different
degree of flexibility and consequently a different rate of vibration when actuated by
electro magnets. Said magnets being in a local circuit and controlled by a key in
a well known manner. The apparatus may be arranged to produce, by means of
the aforesaid reeds, either pulsatory or undulatory currents to flow to line which
operate reeds at the receiving station corresponding in number and possessing
corresponding degrees of flexibility with those at the transmitting station.
receiving reeds or analyzers-R-rest normally against circuit breakers-I-and
when a reed vibrates it breaks a local circuit of which--denotes the battery.
In this local circuit is a magnet-m-which, when the circuit is closed, attracts
its armature, which is fixed to a lever-L-holding a pen or pencil or other
-marker-P-in one end. While in this position the marker is held in proximity
to, but free from, a rotary cylinder over which passes a paper ribbon.
The
The cylinder may be rotated by clock work or other suitable means, and either
continuously or intermittently.
When the circuit is broken the magnet allows the lever-L-to bring the marker
-P-in contact with the paper and if the latter is at rest a dot is produced
thereon, and if in motion a dash is produced on the same.
1 employ four or more of such keys and recording levers, which latter I arrange
with their markers in a row at right angles to the line of travel of the paper, and
thus when two or more of the recording levers are operated simultaneously to print
the requisite number of marks to represent the desired letter or character, said marks
are distributed side by side in a row across the paper, the number of transmitting keys
and recording levers depends on the code of printing adopted.
In Fig. 1 each transmitting reed-T-is connected with the main line M.L.
and preferably with a separate battery connected with said line. The transmitting
reed T is arranged between two magnets-M-M-which are connected with
the local battery L.B. with which the key-K-is also connected, and a smooth
current passes continually to line when all the transmitters are quiet, but when one or
more of them are vibrated a portion or portions of the current are changed to what is
termed pulsatory currents. These pulsations pass through the receiving magnets
---M-placed close to reeds-R-which may be either bars or ribbons adapted to
vibrate to the same degree as the transmitting reed—T.
In Fig. 2 both the transmitting and receiving reeds are fixed to the uncovered leg
-d-of one of the electro magnets between which the reed-T-is located and through
which magnet a local current passes when the key-K-is depressed to close the
local circuit. This causes the reed to vibrate according to the degree of flexibility it

page_text: possesses, and in its vibration it comes intermittently in proximity to the pole of the
magnet-M-which is connected with the main line and is charged continually by
a battery M.B. The vibration of the reed-T-in this case produces pulsations or
waves of an undulatory character in the main line operating the reeds-Rat
the receiving station correspondingly. The same result may be obtained without the
employment of a battery for the main line by substituting a permanent magnet for
the core of the electro magnet-M'. The described transmitting and receiving
instruments may be arranged at both ends of the main line. By operating one or
more keys simultaneously a single mark or a combination of marks are produced, each
of said combinations representing a separate and distinct letter or character, and thus
with five keys thirty-one different letters or characters can be printed. In the diagram
Fig. 3, five keys-K-K-and five marking levers-L-L-are shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In an electro harmonic system, a plurality of manipulative transmitters arranged to
be operated either separately or two or more simultaneously by one person, and a
corresponding number of printers or markers actuated respectively by the aforesaid
transmitters and arranged at right angles to the line of travel of the paper, and to
produce by the simultaneous action of two or more of said printers or markers a corre-
sponding number of marks in a row at right angles to the travel of the paper, and the
rows of marks so disposed representing a letter or character, as set forth.
MARK WESLEY DEWEY.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
THIS 14 day of December 1
MARK WESLEY DEWEY.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.