IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JAMES CAMPBELL BAKER at the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street Liverpool in
the County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said
" to be
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING PURPOSES
as follows:-
I have found in the course of the practical application of the apparatus described
in the specifications of my former patents Nos 2175 of 1880 and 5920 of 1882
it expedient to still further extend and improve my apparatus for ventilating
purposes.
This my present invention has for its object decrease in size and weight of the
To this end
said exhauster as well as increased efficiency and reduced first cost.
I prefer to construct the said exhauster with the base or any other convenient part
an air chamber similar to those described in the specifications of Letters Patent
aforesaid. In this chamber and arranged in any suitable manner are in one
modification retaining valves or I may by a modification dispense with such valves.
Connected with the air chamber aforesaid is the exhauster, and this consists of two
flat plates, preferably of cast iron placed such a distance apart as the volume of
air to be dealt with or exhaustod requires-On the inner side of each of these flat
side plates I form a groove struck to a given radius-and extending between the
said side plates is a plate of metal preferably of wrought iron the ends of which
being inserted in the said groove form a semi cylindrical chamber. Across the said
side plates and carried in any suitable manner is a shaft capable of oscillating to
and fro. Depending from said shaft are one or more vanes or pistons which by the
oscillations of the said shaft is carried to and fro. The top or upper side of such
curved chamber is closed in and fitted with a valve or valves of any suitable form
or kind and so arranged that as the said vane or piston swings to and fro the
contained air is duly expelled past said valve or valves and the return thereof
thereby prevented-said vane or piston may be a single sheet or plate of wrought
iron stiffened or stayed if necessary and with a rim or flange extending round the
two sides and bottom thereof such rims or flanges being made to fit nicely to the
sides and bottom of the said seni cylindrical chamber-and if necessary a simple form
of packing may be employed. But usually I prefer to produce a packing by means
of shallow grooves or depressions running longitudinally on the said flanges.
Provision also is made to compensate for the weight of the vane and its shafts

page_text: wearing the bearing downwards in such manner that the centre of the shaft is
always the centre of the radius of the said curved chamber. In a modification of
this invention I use two vanes depending from the same main shaft and in another
form still I employ two distinct shafts each shaft having one or more vanes
depending therefroin. To one or both ends of the horizontal shaft or shafts
I attach any suitable arrangement by means of which it or they are caused to
oscillate to and fro thus giving an oscillating or vibrating motion to the vane or
piston Where the exhaust is of large size or it is convenient so to do, I cause the
necessary oscillating motion to be derived from the piston rod of a steam water or
gas engine said engine being preferred without a fly wheel-but having its inlet
and exhaust valves controlled by the said. horizontal shafts or by any special
arrangement the exhauster also may be operated or driven by manuel or any other
power that may be conveniently attached.
The operation of the exhauster is as follows: The horizontal main shaft being
made to oscillate the vane or vanes would have a similar motion. The vane or
vanes supporting them to start from a vertical position would expel the air
contained in the portion of the curved chamber through the outlet valve or valves.
At the same time air would be indrawn from the collecting chamber in connexion
with the pipes or flues it would in turn be expelled by the return oscillation of
said vane or vanes.
I may also invert the whole of the said apparatus so that the said vane or vanes
are carried by a shaft running across the bottom (as it would then be) of the said
curved chamber. I may also use two distinct air inlet or retaining valves or
otherwise. And I may so modify said inlet that the inlet at any valve and the
Baid outlet valves are both at the upper part of the said curved chamber.
WP. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, JAMES CAMPBELL BAKER, Office for Patents, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool,
Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING PURPOSES" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to further improvements in that class of apparatus for
ventilating buildings and other structures or places by means of which the air is
drawn or exhausted by the action of a piston or vane or its equivalent moving in
an enclosed space, and such as have already been described in the specifications of
my former patents N° 2175 of 1880 and 5920 of 1882.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is an elevation half in section.
Figure 2 a side elevation partly in section.
Figure 3 side elevation of part of the framing showing cam O and position of
rod connecting therewith.
A is an air chamber similar to that described in the specifications of the afore
mentioned patents into which open the pipes from the various parts of the
structure from which the foul or vitiated air is to be drawn. Above the air
chamber A is constructed the exhaust chamber B, in which a vane C moves to and
fro. The vane C is supported by and depends from shafts D, which are carried in
bearings d, one at each side of the apparatus, the vane C being moved by the
oscillation of the shafts. The shafts D are shown in the drawings of short length
fitting into a casting E, to which plates or boards c forming the vane C are attached,
though a single shaft running across may be employed. c as shewn in the drawing
are plates of sheet iron riveted at the top to the casting E and held rigid in the
centre and at the bottom by being riveted or bolted together by means of the
distance pieces e placed between the plates which form each face of the vane. It is
better to make it with two faces so that at each stroke, one face is brought in close
proximity to the outlet ports, and all the air expelled. Instead of sheet iron
riveted together, the vane may be made of a light wrought iron framing covered
with boards of wood on one or both sides, and in some cases this construction is
preferable as the vane can be made of less weight than when made entirely of
inetal. The sides B¹ B" of the apparatus are of triangular shape, and stand vertical
and parallel the one to the other. At or near the top is bolted (one to each side)
the journal d for the shaft of the vane, a cap d' being placed on top of the journal
to keep it from rising. The curved plate F forms the bottom of the chamber B.
It may be of cast or wrought metal and fitted in between the sides B1, B, and
bolted thereto, as shown which will be the simplest method of construction, or
where greater accuracy is required, a groove may be turned or cut in each side,
and the edge of the plate inserted therein. Or a slightly projecting piece or flange
may be cast along the face of each of the sides and this afterwards turned to give
it the exact curve required, and the bottom plate bolted or screwed thereto. The
back and front of the exhaust chamber Bare formed of two plates G and H of
similar construction. These plates at their lower edge abut against the curved.

page_text: bottom plate F and converge until they come in contact with each other at the top
where they are bolted together. The joints of these plates at the top, and also
with the sides B B and with the bottom plate, are made air tight. The plates G
and are perforated or preferably made with gratings as shown, and form the
seatings for the inlet and outlet valves, for the admission or expulsion of air from
the chamber B. Two descriptions of valves are shown in the drawings, flap valves
and slide valves either of which may be used as circumstances may require, but
for small and light machines the flap valves will be found preferable. The inlet
ports g and , and the outlet ports gland h formed of the gratings in the plates G
and H open out into chamber's covered in by a light covering of sheet metal, the
outlet chambers G₁ H' being divided by a partition I from the inlet chamber.
The chamber connecting with the inlet ports is the chamber A previously referred
to into which the pipes leading from the different parts of the structure open.
The chambers G¹ and H connecting with the outlet ports are connected together
at top, and the exhausted air passes off through a shaft J. In machines for use on
shipboard or those placed in the open air the shaft J may be dispensed with, the
chambers G and opening at the top and covered with a hood to form a
protection from the weather.
The arrangement of the parts of the apparatus as described I consider the best
and simplest, though it will be evident to the skilled engineer that they may be
otherwise disposed as may be required under varying circumstances. For instance
the main or driving shaft may be placed at the bottom of the exhaust chamber,
and the vane project therefrom in an upward direction, an oscillating motion being
transmitted to it through the shaft, in a manner similar to that described. In such
case the sides of the apparatus should be semi-circular in contour, and the valves be
placed in the bottom plate of the exhaust chamber. In other cases two vanes may
be attached to each shaft, constructed with valves through which the exhaust air
could be ejected, and an opening made in a part of the chamber over which neither
of the vanes would pass.
The apparatus may be driven either by manual, steam or other motive power.
In manual machines a beam or lever K receives motion through a connecting rod
from a crank carried by a shaft or fly wheel L. Motors of any suitable construction
may be employed and may be placed in any position that may be found most
convenient.
In the drawings is shown a steam engine applied to drive the apparatus. The
steam engine need not be particularly described, as it is not novel in construction.
The connecting rod M is pivoted at one end to the piston rod and at the other to
the beam K. On the oscillating shaft D a connecting rod k pivoted to the other
end of the beam K connects with a fly wheel L. The valves of the engine are
operated from an eccentric n on the shaft N through the valve rod 7. Where slide
valves are employed for the admission and expulsion of the air to the chamber B,
they are actuated from a cam O on the shaft N. A connecting rod o conveys
motion from the cam 0 to a crank or lever P mounted on a shaft p carried above
the apparatus. This shaft carries the bell crank levers which convey a recipro-
cating motion through the rod 7 to the valves. The inlet and outlet valves move
together, so that as one is opened the other is closed. The slide valves should be
moved as soon as the vane C commences its travel and remain stationary until the
travel of the vane is reversed and then in as short a space of time as possible, one
set of valves should be closed and the other opened. The cam O shown in Figure 3
is designed for the purpose. The inlet valves at one side of the apparatus, and the
outlet at the other side are open at the same time.
The operation of the apparatus is very simple, an oscillating motion having been
imparted to the shaft D the vane C is moved to and fro in the chamber B, and as
it moves, the air at one side of it is expelled through the outlet valves, whilst at
the same time, the chamber at the other side of the vane is being filled with air
drawn in from the chamber A through the inlet valves, on the return stroke that
air is expelled and more drawn in at the valves at the other side and so on.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is
1st. The manufacture and use of apparatus for ventilating purposes having an
exhaust chamber (B) with inlet and outlet valves in which a vane depending from
or supported by an oscillating shaft moves to and fro by means of which air is
drawn into the exhaust chamber through the inlet valves at one side of the vane
while other air is being expelled through the outlet valves at the other side thereof
at each stroke or movement, substantially as described and shown.
2nd. The construction of apparatus for ventilating purposes with an exhaust
chamber formed of vertical and inclined sides, which support an oscillating vane
each of the inclined sides being provided with inlet and outlet valves through
which the air is forced by the vane substantially as described and shown.
3rd. In an apparatus for ventilating purposes, the combination with an exhaust
chamber in which moves an oscillating vane or vanes of the collecting air chamber, A
and the outlet chambers H, G', enclosing the inlet and outlet valves, substantially
as described and shown.
4th. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for ventilating
purposes having an oscillating vane moving to and fro inside the exhaust chamber,
actuated by a steam motor attached to the framing of the apparatus, motion being
transmitted to the shaft of the vane through a beam or lever, connected by a rod
at one side to the piston rod of the engine, and at the other to a fly wheel or
crank shaft, substantially as described and shown.
Date Cil 100%
WP. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
and 323, High Holborn, London,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.