CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF EXTRACT- ING GLUTEN FROM WHEAT, AND FOR PREPARING AND DRYING THE SAME BY MIXING TO SEVERAL DEGREES OF CONCENTRATION."
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emile Martin, of Paris, in the Republic of
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Chemist, for
the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF EXTRACT-
ING GLUTEN FROM WHEAT, AND FOR PREPARING AND DRYING THE SAME
BY MIXING TO SEVERAL DEGREES OF CONCENTRATION."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emile Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th November 1852.
I, EMILE MARTIN, of Paris, in the Republic of France, and. of
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
EXTRACTING GLUTEN PROM WHEAT, AND FOR PREPARING AND DRYING THE SAME
BY MIXING TO SEVERAL DEGREES OF CONCENTRATION," to be as follows:
My Invention consists in constructing improved apparatus for
obtaining gluten in a state of paste, and in the mode of preparing
the same.
-

page_text: To obtain the gluten, I employ wheat flour reduced to a state of
paste as heretofore, but the washing of the paste is effected in an
improved apparatus, represented in the Drawing.
My mode of drying the gluten consists in mixing it with other
substances, and at different degrees of concentration. The mode of
drying and concentrating gluten is as follows: After being mixed
with flour, it is well bruised and put into the hopper of the machine.
The gluten incorporated with flour egresses very shortly at the
other extremity in a state of minute division. The motion of the
machine must be rapid. The gluten is then dried and powdered.
A second mixture of powder from the first operation is made with
a proportion of fresh dried or decomposed gluten, and this com-
pound is again introduced into the dividing machine, dried and
reduced to powder as before. A third and fourth addition of gluten
with the powder prepared as before described may be made. The
gluten prepared by the fourth operation is peculiarly adapted for
improving flour poor in gluten for making bread, pastry, &c.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Einile Martin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EMILE
MARTIN, of Paris, in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Emile Martin, Her special licence that I, the said
Emile Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Emile Martin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,

page_text: trough escapes; this educt pipe is provided with a curved elbow,
which allows the surplus liquid contained in the apparatus to egress,
when the curved part is turned upwards, and discharges it com-
pletely when turned sideways; c, reservoir for the starch water; f,fif,
contrivance for putting the apparatus in motion; it consists of a shaft
set on supports, and having two fixed arms descending into the
interior at each extremity of the apparatus, and also provided with
a crank arm to put it in motion; g, g, g, masonry work, which might
be if preferred, replaced by a solitary wooden frame.
Figure 2, a section of the said apparatus, through the dotted line
h, h, of Figure 1; i, i, i, i, bottom and sides of the apparatus, made
of wood and united together at the point j; K, K, K, section of the
shaft, showing a front view of its fixed arms and articulated cross-
piece, transmitting motion to the other parts; l, l, two iron oscil-
lating arms, the upper part of which is set on a cylindrical support,
which enables it to receive an alternate motion from right to left;
the middle part is directed by the cross-piece K, and the lower
part, having the shape of a spindle, is set in the ring of a moveable
ear, which is set at each end of the channelled cylinders m, m, Figures
2, and 3.
Figure 3, a front elevation of a solid wooden cylinder, with chan-
nellings about six inches in diameter, and of the same length as the
troughs (b, b, Figure 1); they are two in number, and are put in
motion by the oscillating arms 1, 1, which pass through their ears;
one of the cars is represented by q; n, n, spaces covered with
metallic cloth framework, the cloth having about sixty wires to the
inch; T, T, the metallic cloth. Figure 1, shews the inetallic cloth
frames in dotted lines; they are four in number, two on each side;
o, o, strong wide wooden troughs, supported on the framework, and
protected by zinc or lead covering; p, p, water pipes for supplying
water to the starch apparatus; they are provided with a perforated
spout to make the water-fall in showers. Any other kind of oscil-
lating apparatus working by hand or machinery, capable of giving
a to and fro motion to the channelled cylinders, can be employed.
The mode of operating is as follows:- The paste being prepared as

page_text: should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF EXTRACTING GLUTEN FROM WHEAT, AND FOR PREPARING AND DRYING THE
SAME BY MIXING TO SEVERAL DEGREES OF CONCENTRATION," upon the condi.
tion (amongst others) that I, the said Emile Martin, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Emile Martin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say):.
.
My improvements consist in constructing improved apparatus
for extracting and drying gluten from wheat flour, and in the
method of preparing the same for the food of men and animals, by.
which it is produced and prepared more economically in a shorter
time, and more usefully employed than hitherto.
Mode of Producing Gluten.
I mix one hundred and fifty pounds of wheat flour, with about
one hundred pounds of cold water, and knead the whole together,
until I obtain an homogenous firm paste, of the consistence employed
for the manufacture of bread; and after about an hour the paste to
be employed is fit for the extraction of the gluten; for which purpose
it is divided and put into the improved apparatus shewn at Figures
1, and 2, of the Drawings.
Figure 1, represents a side elevation of the apparatus; a, a, a, a,
side of the apparatus; it is six feet in length, and made of wood
strengthened with iron hoops; b, b, a trough in which is set a
metallic cloth T, T, to allow the passage of liquids from the interior;
c, c, 'conduct pipe and tap for supplying the trough with water at
discretion; d, educt pipe, through which the starch water in the

page_text: herein-before stated, is introduced into the two divisions of the ap-
paratus; the water enters the troughs by the pipe c¹, and also falls
at the same time in showers from the pipes p, p. The to and fro
motion is given to the channelled rollers m, m, by the shaft f, f.
The rollers work the paste and force the starch to pass through the
metallic wires, the gluten remaining under the rollers, from whence
it is afterwards removed. It is necessary, during this process, that
a workman should apply a brush to the metallic cloth, to prevent
the 'paste or gluten from stopping up the meshes. The supply of
water on the paste and in the troughs is to be regulated accord-
ing to the requirements of the operation. When the gluten is
removed, the trough is emptied by turning the bent part of the pipe.
on its side. The flour of yellow wheat dried or half-dried and of a
good quality, is the best adapted for the process (the flour of white
wheat is not suitable). One hundred and fifty pounds of flour
treated as before described produces about one hundred pounds of
starch, and about fifty pounds of fresh gluten. The above described
process may also be applied to extracting gluten and separating
starch from wheat coarsely ground, that is to say with the bran; in
that case the gluten is only fit for feeding animals.
Drying Gluten by Mixing it with Gluten treated by the same Process,
and brought to different Degrees of Concentration.
As gluten cannot be dried by direct heat on a large scale without
its being changed or deteriorated, I have contrived an apparatus
for superseding heat, and by means of which it is obtained in a con-
centrated state in a very simple manner. The apparatus consists of a
hollow wooden or metal cylinder provided with teeth, having an
internal cylinder, also provided with teeth. The motion of the
apparatus is continuous. The outer cylinder is fixed, and the
internal cylinder is moveable. Figure 4, of the Drawing represents
a vertical section of this apparatus, and Figure 5, a modification of
the same. A, A, A, the cylinder surrounded with iron hoops, about
nine feet in length by two in diameter; B, B, octagonal wooden

page_text: cylinder with iron trunnions bearing at each extremity on the frame
of the apparatus, and supported in the middle by an iron support
provided with bearings; c, c, c, c, thin angular bars, curved at their
extremities, and made of wood or galvanized iron; they are set on
the eight faces of the cylinder B, B, and nearly reach the internal
sides of the cylinders; they are about seventy-five in number, and
are disposed in the form of a spiral, so as to bring the matters to
and fro, being placed closer to each other towards the back part of the
apparatus; D, D, pulley set at the extremity of the shaft for receiving
the strap which sets the apparatus in motion; e, hopper for receiving
the matters; F, F, doors for enabling the interior of the cylinder to
be cleaned; 9, 9, g, solid wooden supports for the apparatus; H, egress
pipe; J, reservoir for the products; i, i, i, wooden or iron teeth fixed
in the cylinder, A, A, and a little under in the middle parts.
First process for drying and concentrating gluten:- I take the
gluten a short time after its preparation, in the manner herein-before
described, and add to every pound one pound and a half of well-
dried wheat flour. The gluten should be pulled to pieces by the
hand between the flour, or it can be cut and mixed with the flour in
any suitable manner. After it has been submitted to this prelimi-
nary operation, it is poured into the hopper of the machine, which is
set in motion at a speed of about one hundred and fifty revolutions
per minute. By this means the gluten is completely incorporated
with the flour, and it egresses at the opposite extremity of the
machine in a state of great division. The gluten treated by the
said apparatus is in a state of a damp powder, and is spread on
cloths set on wooden frames, placed in a stove, when it is exposed
to currents of air raised to a temperature of about one hundred and
thirteen degrees Fahrenheit, during about twenty-four hours, when
it is reduced to powder by any suitable means.
Second process: -I add one pound and a half of powder prepared
by the first process to one pound of fresh gluten, prepared as herein-
before described, and I introduce the mixture into the dividing
machine, and afterwards dry and reduce it to powder as in the first
process.

page_text: Third process: I add to the powder No. 2, a similar proportion of
fresh gluten, and submit it to the drying oven, and afterwards to
the crushing mill.
Fourth process:-The gluten concentrated by the third process
may receive a fourth addition of fresh gluten in the same proportion,
and, after being treated as before, it is peculiarly adapted for improv-
ing flour
poor in gluten, for the manufacture of bread with potatoes,
rice, or Indian corn, and also for making pastry, biscuits, &c.
When the product of the fourth process is reduced to semolina,
by being passed through a sieve, to separate the flour from the
larger parts, the product is a very nutritious and wholesome food. If
exposed for a few hours in an oven heated to about two hundred and
three degrees Fahrenheit, and afterwards ground, I obtain gluten
flour fit for the manufacture of gluten bread. If the gluten concen-
trated by the fourth operation be dried at a low temperature in a
stove submitted to currents of air, and afterwards reduced to powder,
it forms concentrated gluten powder, and is applicable for printing
and stuffs with mineral colors.
on paper
Figure 5, shows a modification of the apparatus described at
Figure 4, and serves to obtain granulated gluten; B, B, moveable
cylinder, with four sides provided on each side with seven iron teeth,
c, c, c, c, set in opposite directions, and alternating with those in the
cylinder A. This apparatus being in other respects similar to that
described in Figure 4, it is superfluous to describe the other details
of the Drawing. The division and granulating of the gluten is per-
formed as follows:-The gluten being prepared, I mix, as before
described, divided gluten with powder prepared by the processes 1,
2, or 3, in the proportion of sixty to sixty-six ponnds of gluten pow-
der with thirty to thirty-four pounds of fresh gluten. Half the above
quantities are then introduced in the granulating apparatus, which
is set in motion at a medium speed of sixty to seventy revolutions
per minute. When the first portion has been operated upon for five
or six minutes, the door is opened, and the other half is intro-
duced, which completes the charge. The apparatus is then again
set in motion in one direction, which is reversed from time to time

page_text: by reversing the handle of the shaft. The granulating operation
occupies about a quarter of an hour. A box, or receiver, being placed
under the apparatus, I open the door of the cylinder, and the gluten
egresses with facility. The drying operation is conducted as before
stated. The granulated parts can be divided in three or more sizes
of various degrees of fineness, by ordinary known means, and be
employed for the different purposes to which it is useful to apply
granulated gluten.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise dimensions or mode of operating
herein-before described; but what I claim as my Invention, and
intended to be protected by the said Letters Patent, is,
Firstly, the drying gluten by concentrating it as herein-before
described.
Secondly, the construction of apparatus for extracting gluten
from wheat flour, as hereinbefore described and referred to in
Figures 1, 2, & 3, of the Drawings.
Thirdly, the construction of apparatus for drying," concentrating,
and granulating gluten so extracted as herein-before described and
referred to in Figures 4 & 5.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this
Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
VIDOEN
E. MARTIN.
RTIN. (..)
표.