IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR AND SMOKE CONSUMING STOVES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules César Timothée Mousseron, Civil Engineer, of the
City of Paris, in the Republic of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HOT AIR AND SMOKE CONSUMING STOVES."
Sealed the 5th April 1878, and dated the 15th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules César Timothée
Mousseron at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October
1877.
JULES CÉSAR TIMOTHÉE MOUSSERON, Civil Engineer, of the City of Paris, in the
Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR AND SMOKE CONSUMING
STOVES."
The main feature of this Invention is to render stoves without chimnies perfectly
healthy for heating purposes, and to effect this it is necessary to destroy the carbonic
oxyd, carbonic acid, and the sulphurous products emanating from combustion. This
result is attained by the special construction of the stove which is capable of burning
coal, coke, peat, charcoal, or any other combustible.
The stove referred to consists of an outer case, lined with refractory bricks, and
rising from the hearth is a vertical tube or pipe (round which the fire is placed);
this pipe reaches upwards towards the top of the stove and takes in the external air
from below, and conducting it, gradually heated as it ascends, spreads it through a
series of openings in the tube to the surface of the fire, where it escapes heated and
divided. In this manner the primary object is attained, namely, burning and
complete destruction of the carbonic oxyd, an essentially mephitic and deleterious
gas.
The heated air and the gases emitted by combustion having reached this position
plunge into a water reservoir placed above the stove, and, passing through the water,
there is simply delivered from the stove a flood of hot air perfectly free from carbonic
oxyd, so that the apartment or other local is heated with hot air saturated with dry
vapour.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jules César Timothée Mousseron in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th April 1878.
JULES CÉSAR TIMOTHÉE MOUSSERON, Civil Engineer, of the City of Paris, in the
Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR AND SMOKE CONSUMING
STOVES."
The Invention forming the subject of the present application for Letters Patent is
a heating stove, effectually consuming its smoke, forming a hot air stove, burning
either with or without a chimney, and burning all kinds of fuel in a thorough and
regular manner, and is applicable to stoves employed for domestic or industrial
purposes, especially for heating churches, museums, exhibitions, railway waiting
rooms, hotels, dining and other rooms, greenhouses, winter gardens, and public or
private apartments, the object of the Invention being to obviate the many draw-
backs and inconveniences to be met with by the use of stoves without chimnies,
in which latter no precaution is taken to prevent the danger arising from the
want of proper combustion of the fuel used in their heating.
My object has also been to render the use of my stove more general and suitable to
the daily wants, first, on account of its cheapness and healthiness; secondly, because
it can be placed anywhere without trouble; thirdly and lastly, because it can be
moved from place to place; consequently it is of the greatest service where. other
mode of heating is expensive and difficult to establish and supply.
any
To obviate the dangers to the use of stoves without chimnies, and to realize the
advantages enumerated, it is necessary to destroy the carbonic oxyd, carbonic acid,
and the sulphurous products emanating from combustion. This is effected by
specially constructing the stove for the purpose, its characteristic feature being the
employment of two novel organs in its construction rendered indispensable to
efficiently solve this difficult problem.
First. To burn the carbonic oxyd, air heated to a suitable temperature must bo
conducted to its source of origin, and there it must be infinitely divided, so as to
bring it in contact with the upper part of the fire; at the same time the sides of the
stove must reflect the heat back, so that the air and gas are highly heated, so that
in combination these form an eminently combustible whole, producing a maximum
heat.
On reference to the accompanying Drawings, it will be seen that my stoves.
comprise an internal refractory envelope, and in the centre a tube rising from the
hearth to just towards the summit of the stove; this tube takes in the external air
below it, and conducts it by a series of holes to the upper part of the fire, whence it
escapes heated and divided or spread. By this means I fully effect the first object,
that is to say, the complete combustion of the carbonic oxyd, and, consequently, the
effectual prevention of its circulation in the place heated; secondly, with this first
organ, or rather this first combination, a water bath is used, which placed above the
stove and arranged so that the gas of combustion plunges in the water, passes above
the water before reaching to the heat exits or exit, and spreads in the centre to be
heated in the shape of hot air saturated with about half per cent. of dry vapour
infused, so to speak, with hot air.
This arrangement of the stoves, and their combination with the reservoir of water,
produces the following effects, which chemical analysis confirms :-
In a theoretical point of view, the new disposition of the stove effectually prevents,
the formation of carbonic oxyd, which alone possesses a poisonous action. More-
over, it should be mentioned that the transformation of the carbon into carbonic
oxyd arises from an incomplete combustion, and consequently, occasions a loss of
heat, which is here avoided.
In the second place, the water reservoir has a multiple object, it moderates the
draught of the stove, it induces eddying in the gaseous layers, intimately mixes

page_text: them; in causing the last traces of carbonic oxyd to disappear, it furnishes to the
air of the chamber a sufficient humidity, so that the hygrometrical state rests in
suitable limits, each elevation in the temperature corresponding to an increase of
dissolved steam, and a purification of the gases is produced by the absorption of the
sulphurous elements and a little carbonic acid, which latter may be more com-
pletely absorbed by adding a small proportion of whiting, the cost of which is in-
significant.
The internal tube of the stove constitutes a natural bellows in the middle
of the fire, and admits of burning all kinds of fuel without smell or smoke. These
combustibles are lighted from above the charge, the lighting is prompt, and the
burning regular, as it occurs in uniform layers in the same manner that a candle
would burn. The air and gas are heated from top to bottom, and coming in
regular quantities burn on the burning surface of the stove, where they dilate and
ascend rapidly to escape by the heat vents after having passed and plunged in the
water basin.
All the parts of the stove may be of metal or refractory substance.
The internal tube may be replaced by perforated tubes forming like it part of the
internal envelope of the stove, the number of these tubes would be in proportion to
the size of the stove and the nature of the combustible.
The blowing tubes (air conduits) would have different forms, according to the
applications and form of the stove. The same remarks apply to the air entries and
exits, which forms one of the bases of my Invention, which have never before
been employed to produce the chemical and economical effects specified.
The water basin may be any form and dimensions, and constructed of any
metal or any kind of earthenware in accordance with the role assigned to the water,
that is to say, absorption, washing the gas, saturation of the air to render it
salubrious, reoxygeniscing it, in a word reconstituting it before leaving the ap-
paratus.
Without the water bath, without the drawing or blowing tubes, the deleterious
gases would not be burned and absorbed, and my stove thus deprived of its essential
features would become dangerous and impracticable.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shown, as example, four specimens of my
improved heating stoves.
Fig. 1 is a large sized stove; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of it; Figs. 3 and 4 are
horizontal sections of it, following the lines 1-2, and 3-4.
Fig. 5 is a special disposition of the case.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a smaller stove; and Figs. 7 and 8 are still
smaller stoves.
Description of the Stove, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.-The circular stove is formed of an
external envelope a of sheet iron or other suitable material, and an internal lining b
of refractory substance, brick, sand, or iron. The circular grate g has a support c,
also circular; the whole rests on a foot d, in which is the cinder box with air
holes e.
The grate g has circular openings, and in the centre is the tube h, to which
it acts as support, and which rises vertically in the stove towards the upper part of
the stove; this tube is pierced with holes, which distribute the hot air necessary
to combustion and to facilitate lighting. Above, the stove is limited to the metal
plate k, pierced in the centre with a hole, which the cylindrical conduit continues
in'a hollow sphere m, in which the products of combustion arrive, gyrating, and end
by burning. The hollow globe m continues right and left by the elbows n, n,
which direct the gas above the water contained in the reservoir or basin 7. This
basin is a crown resting on three supports of brick v, v, placed above the plate k;
it is fed with pure water, or lime is added through an external funnel 9, constantly
supplying the water by the tube t (in quantity equal to the evaporation); this
funnel q is connected to the reservoir by the tube q. On this latter a water level
is mounted, s, which constantly shows the level of the basin, Figs. 1 and 3.
In the reservoir ? sand may be placed to maintain the level and to diminish
evaporation.

page_text: I may here repeat that all these parts may be in metal or in earthenware. Above
the rim x, or above the plate k, air entries i are made in the external envelope;
this air is heated in the annular space j, made in the basin r and the conduit l,
which space actually forms a heater. The air thus heated mixes with the products
delivered by the globe or dome m, burns the gas if any still remains, and, finally,
escapes at the heat exit y in a highly breathable condition, and of a more or less
high temperature. The stove is fed by the door p, and the grate is cleaned by the
lower door p¹.
The action of the stove is very simple. Supposing it charged and lighted above, the
air delivered through the openings of the ash box rises gently through the openings
of the grate through the burning mass, but rises quickly through the blowing tubes
or tube. This air gradually heats as it mounts, and arrives above the zone of com-
bustion, mixes, unites with the gaseous products, prevents the formation of carbonic
oxyd by burning it, and hence conduces to a regular and complete combustion.
The final result of this combustion (which is completed by rising in whirls as far
as the dome m) is that the gas is purified, is washed by contact with the water in
the basin r, is saturated with a small proportion of dry vapour, and then mixes with
the hot air formed by the heater. Thus the whole, freed from the deleterious matters,
passes through the heat exits or exit, and spreads itself in the space to be heated.
Description of the Stove, Fig. 6.-In this example the stove is fed by the conduit ;
it is not terminated by a sphere but by a lid with a spherical dome m, which directs
the gas above the surface of the water in the reservoir r; p is the lower door for
cleaning the stove. In this case the heater is diminished, and is mounted on four
rollers to facilitate its movement.
Description of the Stoves, 7 and 8.-In the stove, Fig. 7, it is directly covered by
the false bottom of the reservoir r, which is merely cylindrical with a handle r¹ to
remove it in charging the stove with fuel.
The heat exit y is continued to the level of the water in the reservoir, so that
the products of combustion are continually washed and purified by contact with
the water.
In the example, Fig. 8, the reservoir r, instead of resting on the arch of the
stove forms a crown to the heater, and a rest to the lid y, through which the hot air
escapes. This lid is furnished with a spherical dome m, the concave interior of
which forces the gases to plunge into the water reservoir r.
After the description of these four smoke consuming stoves which differ only to
suit requirements and the place to be heated, the several parts forming them,
namely, the absolute stove portion, embraces the part constituting the grate or fire-
place, namely, the refractory envelope, the perforated tube, or even the perforated case
as indicated and shown, Fig. 5. The holes of this envelope distribute from the upper
part of the apparatus the fresh air introduced by the air inlets. This same part
with its smoke tube forms an excellent smoke consuming stove producing a heat
like a Dutch tile stove.
The calorifier includes the heating surface, the entries and exits, and in conjunction
with the stove consequently embraces the advantages of both. The apparatus is
also a calorifier in that the grate may be placed beneath the conduits, thus con-
ducting the products of combustion to the exits; by this means the hot air heating
apparatus is superseded with an economy of 50 per cent.
I give the apparatus the title of brasers, to distinguish it from others, in that
it can burn carbonized or artificial fuel, charcoal, coke, or prepared charcoal.
I claim the improved smoke consuming stove, burning any kind of fuel, and
heating by hot air by aid of two special organs, viz.,-
1st. The blowing or drawing tube placed in the middle of the grate, supplying
it with hot air, and preventing the formation of carbonic oxyd, and consequently
conducing to a regular and complete combustion with a maximum heat.
2nd. The water reservoir in and above which the products of combustion plunge
and pass before escaping through the heat exits or exit.
I claim also the stove, Figs. 1 to 4, with its grate and blowing tube, or draught

page_text: tube, its combustion dome, its evaporating reservoir, its air inlets, the stoves, 6, 7, and
8, with their dispositions described and represented, as well as the construction of
the envelope shown, Fig. 5, which is perforated with distributing holes spreading
the air in a manner to insure complete combustion.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules César Timothée Mousseron, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
J. C. T. MOUSSERON. (L.S.)