matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION OF CERTAIN METALS FROM. THEIR ORES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS, WHICH SULPHIDE IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH THAT. SALT IS REQUIRED
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May 1866.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATION OF CERTAIN METALS FROM.
THEIR ORES, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHIDE OF AMMONIUM TO BE USED IN THE
PROCESS, WHICH SULPHIDE IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH THAT.
SALT IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of solutions of ammonia or carbonate of
ammonia for dissolving such metals from their ores as are soluble in those
substances. Copper and other metals thus dissolved I precipitate by sulphide.
of ammonium, and the sulphide of copper or other metal having been. removed.
the ammoniacal solution is ready for extracting or dissolving metals from.
other quantities of ore. The said separation may however be effected by.
distilling off the ammonia. The proportion of ammonia used for dissolving
the metal should be such as is sufficient to effect a perfect solution, and this.
may be determined by observing when the said solution ceases to be coloured..
The quantity of sulphide of ammonium necessary for precipitating the metal.
may be determined as is usual in similar chemical operations by applying
test portions. The sulphide of ammonium to be used as above described I

page_text: produce by distillation from solutions of ammonia or a salt of ammonia mixed
with sulphide of calcium. For this purpose I propose to use the waste of
the soda manufacture, commonly called soda waste, and also the waste lime of
gasworks. The proportions I use are about one of the salt of ammonium
to two of the sulphide; for the ammonical solution to mix with the said waste
products I propose to use the weak ammoniacal solutions made in washing
the copper or other metal ores from which I have extracted the metal, and
also the ammoniacal water of gasworks; sulphide of ammonium produced as
above is applicable to other purposes where such salt is required..
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING BASSO-RELIEVO OR OTHER SUCH DESIGNS IN RELIEF AND ALSO IN DEPRESSION BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Winstanley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his: Petition, on the 3rd December
1866.
I, DAVID WINSTANLEY, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING BASSO-RELIEVO OR OTHER SUCH DESIGNS IN RELIEF AND ALSO IN
DEPRESSION BY THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
It is well known that surfaces in relief or depression may be obtained by
submitting a film or layer of gelatine or other organic matter mixed with a
salt of chromic acid to the action of light regulated by a photographic negative,
but the attempts to use these surfaces as moulds for obtaining representations
of solid objects in relief or depression in plaster, metal, or other opaque
material have failed (except in the case of microscopic objects photographed
by transmitted light), and because the varying amount of opacity in the
different portions of such negative have been due to the influence of colour and
shadow in the object to be copied.
By my Invention I in the first place obtain a photographic negative in
which the comparatively dense and transparent parts are regulated in their
gradations according to the respective distances from the lens of the several
parts which constitute the object to be copied.
In carrying out my Invention I, in the first place, and in order to avoid the
extreme effects by photographing various tints, cause the object to assume one
tint by the application to its surface of a suitable colour.

page_text: In order to illuminate it, I, in the second place, avail myself of the well-known
fact that the amount of light proceeding in divergent rays from a given point,
line, or plane which will fall upon a given space in front of that light depends
upon the distance of that space from the source of light; I therefore place
the object to be copied, say, a bust, in an apartment to which no light is
admitted excepting that which comes through an opening, before which the said
object is placed, and with such an aspect as will subject it to diffused light
only. If needful I use a reflector to distribute the light equally through the
aperture, which aperture I make adjustable for the purpose of regulating its
size to that of the object to be copied; under these circumstances the rays
reflected to the camera lens will be strongest for the nearest part of the object
and weakest for the furthest, and with due gradations; a photograph so
obtained I use for producing a mould in chromatized gelatine by methods
well known, and from this mould I obtain a cast or impression in plaster or
other material, which cast will be a basso-relievo or other such representation
of the bust. Surfaces obtained as above in relief or depression may be used
for embossing purposes; or the chromatized gelatine, which as is well known
becomes exceedingly hard, may itself be so used for some purposes.
WALKING STICKS AND THE STICKS AND RIBS OF SUNSHADES, PARASOLS, AND UMBRELLAS WITH GLASS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jackson Wheeler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1866.
I, JOHN JACKSON WHEELER, 189, Fulham Road, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "TIPPING WALKING STICKS AND THE
STICKS AND RIBS OF SUNSHADES, PARASOLS, AND UMBRELLAS WITH GLASS," to be
as follows:-
Glass, either plain or coloured, is formed into tubes, which may be silvered
or gilded and cemented to the sticks and ribs of sunshades, parasols, or
umbrellas, also to the tops of walking sticks, by which means a pleasing and
brilliant effect is produced and the expense diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEAMLESS METALLIC TUBES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1866.-A communication from abroad by William Forman
Brooks, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SEAMLESS METALLIC TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of metallic tubes having no
longitudinal seam or joint to be brazed or welded, and the nature of the
Invention consists in first forming a hollow casting of any ductile metal or
alloy, or hollow figure or cylinder of laminated metal of which it is desired to
form the tube, and then fitting within the same, either by casting or otherwise,
a core composed of any suitable ductile metal, alloy, or compound of sufficient
rigidity to form a mandril, but capable of being more readily fused or liquefied
by chemical agents than the material which is used for forming the tube,
and afterwards rolling the combined mass to the required length and diameter,
or either, and finally melting or otherwise liquefying and running off the core
to form the tube, which may be subsequently finished or dressed.
When sufficiently drawn out or extended the cylinder with its core forms a
rod made up of an outer coating or shell, say, of copper reduced to the desired
thickness, or internal and external diameters of the tube to be made, and a
reduced core or mandril of an easily fusible alloy. This compound rod is now

page_text: to be heated by any suitable means, say, by placing it slightly inclining from
a horizontal position in a reverberatory furnace with its lower end situated
over a vessel or receiver, and so that on heating the furnace to a given tem-
perature the more fusible metal of the core will be melted and run off into
the vessel or receiver to be used over again in making a fresh core, leaving
the shell in form of the required tube, which may then be taken from the
furnace, and if requisite be afterwards finished or dressed in any of the well-
known ways.
In certain cases, as, for instance, where the tubes to be made are small, it
may be desirable to make the core to the cylinder of any suitable metallic
oxide or material that calcines in the process of manufacture. Thus the core
may be made of red oxide of copper, and the compound rod as it comes from
the rolling mill instead of being put into a reverberatory furnace may be
placed in a sulphuric acid batb, which will remove the core from the shell and
leave the latter a comparatively clean tube,
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOP FLOORS FOR BUILDINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Moreland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1866.
I, RICHARD MORELAND, junior, of 3, Old Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOP FLOORS FOR BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
fireproof floors for buildings. For these purposes in constructing floors
framed iron girders are employed, which are formed and applied in the
following manner:-It is preferred to employ angle iron for the upper part
of each girder, but flat or other sections of iron may be used, and the upper
part is horizontal for a considerable length at the centre of the girder, whilst
the two ends should be inclined. Usually the length of these inclined
ends will be equal to the central horizontal portion, but this may be varied.
The two ends of the upper bar or girder are tied or connected together by
a lower bar, generally of flat iron. At the centre of the length of the
girder is an upright or prop fixed between the upper and the lower
horizontal bars; there are also other uprights or props, varying in number
according to the length of the girder, one at each of the angles where the
upper har inclines from the horizontal; inclined ties are passed from the

page_text: bottom of the central upright or prop to the top of the upright prop next
to it. The parts are put together with rivets. In forming a floor and
ceiling when using these girders wood fillets are placed continuously on
the upper surfaces of the under bars of the girders in as long lengths as
possible, and concrete is filled into the level of the upper parts of the
girders, so that the girders will be wholly imbedded in concrete, the con-
crete on one side of a girder binding with the concrete on the other side.
A ceiling is then made in the ordinary manner on the under side of the
fillets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathew Hutton Atkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1866.
I, MATHEW HUTTON ATKINSON, of Wylam, in the County of Northumberland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of circular reciprocating
distributing valves suitable for steam, water, air, gas, and other like motive-
power engines, whether of the oscillating or fixed cylinder type.
As applied to an oscillating cylinder engine the ports are made on the face.
of the cylinder concentric with the axis of oscillation, and the valve, which
may consist of a disc or portion of a disc made hollow, is caused to fit tight
against the valve face on the cylinder, and is provided with an inlet port or
opening passing through it from front to back, and is further provided with
exhaust ports opening from the front or face only to the hollow chamber or
internal cavity of the valve. This hollow chamber opens either direct into a
central exhaust pipe or hollow spindle or stem, which also serves as the axis
on which the valve turns when adjusted for reversing the engine, such adjust-
ment being effected by a reversing lever attached to the said hollow or tubular
stem, or into an opening communicating with a belt cast in the cylinder, in

page_text: which case the spindle for reversing the valve will be solid, or if hollow will
be so only for the convenience of manufacture.
If the valve be applied to a fixed cylinder then the lever above referred to
may be employed for imparting the necessary reciprocating motion to the valve
through the intervention of eccentrics or otherwise, as is well understood, but 5
in the case of oscillating cylinders the valve is fixed in its position by the
reversing lever, and the requisite change of ports is effected by the oscillation
of the cylinder itself. Surrounding the valve and its stem there is a steam
chest, upon which is formed a tubular collar which is concentric with the
stem, a steam space being left between the hollow or other stem and the
tubular collar. This collar forms the trunnion, and is supported in the usual
trunnion bearings. The inlet pipe is connected with a casting, which is
fitted steam-tight by packing glands upon the tubular collar or trunnion,
lateral openings being made in the hollow trunnion to admit the steam therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE SWITCHES OR POINTS UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th April 1866.-A communication from abroad by Auguste Louis
Risbourg, of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING THE SWITCHES OR POINTS
UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in working the switches or
points upon railways for the purpose of affording greater security against
accidents, which sometimes arise from the negligence of the pointsman, or
from other causes. To this end the switches are provided with a self-acting
apparatus for shifting them laterally, which apparatus is acted upon by the
train itself in passing over the rails.
The apparatus consists of a transverse bar or rod bolted at each end to the
switches. Upon this bar or rod are collars attached to chains situate at
opposite sides of the rod, and passing over a series of pullies, which cause
these chains to pull the collars, and consequently the rod attached to the
points in opposite directions. These chains are connected by traction rods
with rocking levers, which on being depressed by a shoe or pad or a bowle
on the extremity of a rod projecting downwards from the locomotive or any
of the carriages of the train will put tension upon the chains, and by that
means shift the points in the required direction. It will now be understood

page_text: that upon a train approaching the points it will act upon the first rocking
lever in order to shift the points as required, and when the train has pro-
ceeded some little distance it will come in contact with and act upon a rocking
lever similar to the first, by which the points will be caused to resume their
former position. The rocking levers which actuate the points are connected
together by means of a cord for the purpose of giving notice when two trains
are close upon one another; in this case the trains by acting upon both the
rocking levers will put more tension upon and draw down the cord, which
will pull or release a catch, and thus bring into action any well-known audible
or visible signal apparatus which has been retained in a quiescent position by
the catch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPHIC AND SIGNAL PILLARS OR PosTs
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baines at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1866.
I, WILLIAM BAINES, of London Works, Soho, Smethwick, in the
County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPHIC AND SIGNAL PILLARS OR
PosTs," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
telegraphic and signal pillars or posts. In constructing pillars or posts
for telegraphic purposes and for signalling on railways each pillar or post
is formed of a cross-like section, but tapering from the lower to the upper
end on one side, whilst on the other side the edges are parallel, by which
construction a post or pillar will consist of a tapering plate having on each
side of it a projecting rib of equal width from top to bottom. In some
cases in place of a post or pillar having only one rib on each side, I form
the tapering plate with two parallel ribs on each side. In making these
pillars or posts I prefer to roll sheets of iron or plates of a width sufficient
for two or more posts or pillars with projecting ribs on each side of such
sheets, and then to cut out the posts from such rolled sheets or plates, or
a single post or pillar may be produced by rolling, and then the central
plate reduced by cutting the parallel plate into a tapering plate. In order
to form a foot to such a post I split the lower end for a short distance

page_text: and turn out the fore parts at an angle to the vertical line of the post or
pillar; this foot together with part of the lower end of the post is to be
buried in the earth, by which the requisite fixing of the post or pillar will
be obtained. In applying such pillars or posts for supporting telegraphic
wires the widest part of the post or pillar is fixed in a position at right
angles with the line of the wires. In fixing posts or pillars for signalling
on railways the posts or pillars will be fixed at right angles to the line of
railway, so that the semaphore arms will be at right angles to the widest
plane of the pillar or post.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEDDLES OR HEALDS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James McLintock and John Jagger
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd May 1866.
We, JAMES MCLINTOCK, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and JOHN JAGGER, of the same Place, Linen Yarn Dresser, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEDDLES OR HEALDS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of heddles or healds
employed in weaving textile fabrics, and consists essentially in knitting
heddles or healds from copper, brass, or other metal wire in lieu of from
twine or other spun fibrous material. The wire composing the heald is also
knitted or twisted over stout heading wires, which are fixed into the wooden
bars or shafts of the healds, the object being to keep the eyes in their relativo
positions, and strong supports or struts should be introduced between tho
wooden bars or shafts near their opposite extremities in order to maintain the
knitted wires composing the healds in a proper state of tension.
By this Invention the durability of the heddles is increased, and being
composed of smooth wire they are less liable to injure the warp by friction
than the ordinary heddles composed of fibrous materials. The copper wire
moreover will always fetch a market price when the healds are worn out,
whereas the ordinary healds are utterly valueless when in that condition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING COAL, CANNEL, SHALE, OR THEIR COMPOUNDS, OR THE RESIDUUM THEREOP PROM CALCINATION OR DISTILLATION, AND IN MANUFAC- TURING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES AND FORMS, CEMENTS, PIGMENTS, COLOURING MATTER, AND MANURE THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carrington Sellars at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the
7th June 1866.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING COAL, CANNEL, SHALE, OR THEIR COMPOUNDS, OR
THE RESIDUUM THEREOP PROM CALCINATION OR DISTILLATION, AND IN MANUFAC-
TURING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES AND FORMS, CEMENTS, PIGMENTS, COLOURING MATTER,
AND MANURE THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in treating the residuum from distillation of coal,
cannel, shale, or their compounds, when the material employed is used as a
source of oil or gas, or from combustion when used as fuel, for the production
of a red brown substance or powder by further heating or burning the said
coke or residuum in the open air alone, or assisted by water, steam, or vapour
to quicken the oxidation of the iron therein contained, particularly refuse coke
made in revolving retorts by calcining in suitable iron or baked earthenware
vessels. The substance or powder thus produced is a source of iron or metallic
oxide, paint, pigment or colouring matter, and may be used as a material for
making tiles, or bricks, or other plastic forms; as a cement for steam or oil
joints; as a body for reducing expensive chemicals; as a substitute for any
substance now in use which is required in a fine state of division or moistened
condition, such as whitening medium for moulding or for polishing metals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1866. A communication from abroad by Antoine Guérin, of
Lyons, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent,
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES,"
a communication to me from abroad by Antoine Guérin, of Lyons, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
Half boots or shoes having elastic webs at the sides have hitherto been
made with seams before and behind, the front of the upper being stitched to
the front strap, and the back of the upper to the back strap.
These improvements consist in forming the uppers of half boots and shoes
without seams before and behind, and having a seam below each elastic at
the bend of the boot or shoe. I am thus enabled to bend or shape the
material for the front part of the upper, and also to bend or shape the leather
or material for the back part of the upper; or instead of forming the upper
of two main parts I make it of one piece with one seam only at the back,
and I also when required attach an ornamental strengthening piece at the
back of the boot or shoe.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCE TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CORKS FOR CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Joseph Baranowski at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1866.
I, JEAN JOSEPH BARANOWSKI, of Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCE TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CORKS FOR
CLOSING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
My apparatus or appliance consists of a plate or cap fitted on its under
side with a screw not long enough to pass entirely through the cork, and of
a washer of india-rubber, cork, or other elastic material placed below the
plate or cap and fitted over the screw. The washer and the plate or cap
must be of sufficient diameter to cover the upper edge or circumference of the
neck of the bottle or other receptacle as well as the cork. To employ this
apparatus the cork must first be cut off flush with the neck of the bottle or
other receptacle, the screw on the under side of the plate or cap is then
screwed into the cork by turning the plate or cap until the elastic washer is
forced down upon the top of the cork and upon the neck of the bottle or
other receptacle, the elastic washer thus hermetically closes the bottle or other
receptacle so that escape of liquid or air therefrom or entrance of air thereto
is prevented. Sometimes I form the screw independent of the plate or cap
and fit it to a button or upper plate, the lower plate or cap being formed with

page_text: a hole for the passage of the screw. The plate or cap, or the upper plate
where such is used, may be formed with one or more apertures to expose a
disc placed below it, and bearing the name of the vendor or other desired
designation, or such designation may be stamped or formed on the cap or
plate itself.
AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE BREAK APPLICABLE TO COMMON ROADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George James Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1866.
I, GEORGE JAMES WALKER, of White Lion Street, Norton Folgate, in the
County of Middlesex, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE BREAK APPLICABLE TO COMMON
ROADS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improved break (applicable to private
carriages on common roads) with the view to simplify the arrangement and
mode of construction thereof, and enable break power to be applied direct to
the naves of wheels in lieu of the peripheries thereof as at present, and
consists in employing in combination with the metal hoop or stock of the
wheel projections or indentations in the form of teeth or otherwise, into which
clutch links (supported from fixed bearings secured to the axle through the
medium of a crank arm and clip) are caused to take when required for the
purpose of stopping the revolutions of the wheel upon the road, the said clutch
link being actuated by a system of intermediate scroll levers and coupling
chains connected with cords, tassels, or otherwise attached to the carriage
in any convenient manner, by which means the break is put in action by
throwing the said clutch link in or out of gear with the projecting teeth or

page_text: indentations aforesaid, whereby the said break power may be readily applied
or withdrawn without necessitating any other movement than that of simply
pulling the cords whilst seated on the box, or otherwise, the above principle
admitting of the same being applied to one or more of the wheels either
simultaneously or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jones and John Upton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th January 1866.
We, DAVID JONES, Engineer, and JOHN UPTON, both of Commercial Road,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of window
fastenings, by which windows cannot be opened from the outside by burglars
by the insertion of a knife or other instrument between the frames of the
windows. It is well known that the ordinary spring fastenings of windows
may easily be opened from the outside by means of a knife or slip of metal,
there being no hindrance to the withdrawal of the hinged horizontal bolt from
the hasp or catch. Now we propose to form a slot or grooved space in the
bolt of sufficient length not only to pass on to the catch, but also to gear with
a tooth fixed to the end of a flat spring; the front of the tooth is curved
like a door bolt and allows the bolt to pass over it, when it springs back and
thus secures the bolt from being drawn back, except from the inside of the
window; this is easily effected by compressing the spring against the fixed
hasp, when the bolt may be released.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah East at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1866.
I, JOSIAH EAST, of Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex, Timber
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SAWING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the employment of what are known as jigger
saws.
My improvements consist, first, in carrying a band or strip of leather or
other suitable material over the upper of two wheels or riggers similar to the
riggers used with band saws, and a similar band or strip under the lower of
the two wheels or riggers. The ends of the upper band have each connected
to them the upper ends of one or more jigger saws, the lower ends of which
are connected to the corresponding ends of the lower band, so that the bands and
saws form as it were an endless belt, the leather portions of which pass round the
wheels, while the saw portions are between the wheels and free to act upon the
timber brought into contact therewith.
My Invention consists, secondly, in an arrangement for imparting a
reciprocating up-and-down motion to the saws. For this purpose I carry a
connecting rod or link from the side of one of the wheels or riggers to the

page_text: side of a smaller wheel fixed at any convenient part of the frame of the
machine, and I give rotary motion to this smaller wheel, whereby the
connecting rod is caused to impart a reciprocating motion to the rigger
to which it is connected, and consequently to the saws and to the other
rigger.
Sometimes I dispense with the saw or saws connected to one of the ends of
the strips of leather and working at one side of the jigger, and substitute for it
or them a strip of iron or other suitable material to complete the endless belt;
in this caso the rod or link which imparts the reciprocating motion instead of
being connected to one of the riggers may be connected to this strip of iron or
other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTORS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd June 1866.-A communication from abroad by
William Marot Marshall, of the City of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, of 54, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTORS," a commu-
nication to mo from abroad by William Marot Marshall, of the City of
Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in using mica instead of glass for the construction
of reflectors suitable for gas and other lights, and for other purposes. The
mica is either coated with a metallic surface adhering thereto as glass is now
coated, or the mica is used as a covering for reflectors already made; in
the former case the liability to breakage by heat or otherwise, as with glass,
is avoided, whilst any desired shape may be produced, as the mica will readily
bend to such shapes; in the latter case by covering a metallic surface already
made with mica such surface is preserved from the action of the atmo-phere
and oxidation prevented, whilst at the same time all necessity for clearing the

page_text: metallic surface is avoided.
In the case of reflectors which are to be con-
structed of mica covered with a metallic coating, a mould is first prepared of
the desired shape, such mould being formed of wood, metal, paper, papièr
maché, or of any other suitable material. The mica is silvered or the desired
metallic coating applied thereto by any suitable method, and is then cut into
the necessary shapes to allow of its being pressed into the mould, when it may
be fastened by cement or by any other means adapted for the purpose.
When the mica is used as a covering to protect a reflector made of metal it is
merely cut to the desired shape necessary to make it lio flat on the under
surface of the metallic reflector, and to which it may be secured by any suitable
means.
AN IMPROVED SCREEN OR SIFTER FOR SCREENING CINDERS, CORN, TEA, SUGAR, GRAVEL, MALT, AND OTHER GRANULAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Slatter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th December
1866.
I, JOSEPH SLATTER, of Saint Ives, in the County of Huntingdon, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SCREEN OR SIFTER FOR SCREENING CINDERS, CORN, TEA, SUGAR, GRAVEL, MALT,
AND OTHER GRANULAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
I construct a long cylindrical, or rectangular, or polygonal casing of metal
or other suitable material, and fix it in an inclined position a suitable distance
from the floor in order that the receptacles for the substances after having
been screened may be placed beneath the lower end thereof. The upper
end of the casing is closed, and a diaphragm or screen of perforated metal or
wire gauze or grating arranged so as to leave a space between it, and the
lower surface of the casing extends from the closed upper end of the casing
to its lower end, which is also partially closed, but which has an aperture on
a level with the upper surface of the screen, so that the granular substances
passing down upon the latter will pass out through such aperture. On the
top of the upper end of the casing is formed a hopper through which
substances to be screened are introduced, the dust or smaller particles of
such substances being caused to pass through the holes or meshes of the
screen into the lower space in the casing as such particles travel downwards
by gravity. An aperture is formed in the under surface of the lower end of
the casing, and is provided with a spout through which the dust or smaller
particles passing through the screen fall into a receptacle, while the larger

page_text: particles remaining on the top of the screen pass through the end aperture,
as before described, into another receptacle.
The apparatus is by preference fixed simply by forming a projecting
flange with one or more holes on the upper end surface, whereby it is hung
upon one or more nails or hooks in the wall. The upper end surface of the 5
casing is in this case made at such an angle to the casing as to cause the
latter to assume the requisite inclined position when hung up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING' FUSTIANS OR OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Whalley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1866.
I, JOSHUA WHALLEY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING' FUSTIANS OR
OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is by the aid of the apparatus herein-after
described to cut fustian and raise the "cord" thereon without the damage
occasioned by cutting through the "groundwork" or body of the piece, which
is of frequent occurrence in "hand work" or the method heretofore employed;
also to cut the entire width of a piece at one operation, with consequent reduction
in cost of such cutting.
In constructing apparatus for the above purpose I employ a horizontal
bar of metal or hard wood supported at each end by a frame to which it is
attached to the lower part of the said bar, and projecting at right angles to
the front thereof are a number of "needles," the ends or points of which
rest on a rail extending from frame to frame and affixed thereto. On the
upper part of the said bar are a number of knives or cutters (corresponding
in number to the needles) projecting from the said bar; the point of each

page_text: knife or cutter rests in an indentation or hole formed near the point of each
needle for the purpose of preventing the knife or cutter from moving.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-A piece to be cut is wound on a
roller supported by brackets cast to the front edge of the frames, the end of
the piece is then passed over the rail and under the needles and knives or
cutter and bar; from thence it passes to a second roller working on brackets
cast to the back edge of each frame; around this last-mentioned roller the
piece is wound when cut. As the piece is drawn over the rail and against
the needles and knives or cutters the point of each needle enters the loop or
pile of the fustian, which loop or pile is cut by the knife or cutter
resting on the said needle, thus each needle forms a furrow or trench
to the groundwork of the piece, raising or forming the cord between each
furrow.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLING BARS FOR MANU- FACTURING NUTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hammond Bentall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1866.
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, near Maldon, in the County of
Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ROLLING BARS FOR MANU-
FACTURING NUTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the manufacture of nuts. To
this end the bars from which the nut blanks are to be formed I roll of such
shapo that they will only require to be severed by transverse cuts to be con-
verted into nut blanks fit for drilling. Hitherto the bars have been rolled
of a section the figure of the plan of the nut, or with a uniform thickness
throughout, the severing cut therefore extends over the whole face of the nut;
thus not only is considerable power required to make the cut, but the blanks
are liable to be formed of varying thicknesses, and with their faces untrue,
and consequently they could not with certainty be set true in the drilling
machine. By my method of rolling the bars I get the faces perfectly parallel,
and supposing a six-sided nut to be required I roll four of the six sides
true, which ensures the proper central adjustment of the nut blanks in the
drilling machine, and the cut to sever the nuts is moreover made at the
narrowest part of the rolled bar. The cut may be produced either by a
shearing or a ploughing action, and thus little waste of metal will occur in
the operation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptisti Vuldy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1866.
I, JEAN BAPTISTI VULDY, of Mile End Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Silk Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in steam boiler and other
furnaces, and has for its object the obtainment of a better combustion of the
fuel and the prevention of smoke.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to divide the furnace or fire-
place into two compartments by means of a hanging bridge or depression of
the roof, placed or formed transversely across the furnace at a point between
the front dead plate and the ordinary bridge so as to subdivide the furnace
into a front and back compartment. This hanging bridge or chamber may
be either solid or made hollow so as to contain water in free circulation; when
applied to a steam generator it is preferred to make it hollow and cause it to
be in free communication with the interior of the water space of the boiler,
whereby not only is the burning of the bridge prevented but an increased
area of heating surface is obtained. The back compartment of the furnace
is to be provided with fire-bars arranged on the same level as those in the

page_text: front compartment, but having smaller spaces for the admission of air
than the front set of bars, which may be of the ordinary construction; or in
lieu of fire-bars a dead plate, perforated or not, may be used in the back
compartment. Provision is made for freeing the fuel supporting surface of
the back compartment from clinkers and ashes, either by causing it to tilt
over by the action of a lever worked from the front of the furnace or by
using a horizontal sliding door worked by a rod from the front, so that the
refuse fuel may be readily discharged into the ash-pit when required.
This improved furnace is used in the following manner :-The fire having
been lighted in the front compartment, and the fuel therein arrived at an
incandescent condition, it is thrust by means of a rake or poker underneath
the hanging bridge into the back compartment, where it still continues to
burn clearly in the form of coke. Fresh fuel is then supplied to the front
chamber, and the smoke and unconsumed gases emitted therefrom by being
compelled to pass through or over the incandescent coke in the back chamber
on their way to the flue, will be thoroughly consumed and all smoke con-
sequently prevented.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Gutteridge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1866.
I, RICHARD GUTTERIDGE, of London Road, Leicester, in the Borough of
Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a vibrating foot formed in one piece intended to
be applied more particularly to the ordinary "Singer" machine, but applicable
to any shuttle machine, to enable it to do readily and well all kinds of work,
and on leather to do flowering as efficiently as any other machine. This
I propose to effect by simply making the ordinary foot of the "Singer "
machine into a vibrating one. The upper free end of the common foot is
lengthened by a bent arm carrying a jam nut and headed vertical screw
parallel with the side of the foot; this screw, by being raised or lowered,
throws the foot in and out of gear with the ordinary cam that drives it, which
is always on the machine.
AN IMPROVED SUPERHEATER FOR A CERTAIN CLASS OF STEAM BOILERS KNOWN AS 'FLASH FIRERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stocks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1866.
I, JAMES STOCKS, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SUPERHEATER FOR A CERTAIN CLASS OF STEAM BOILERS KNOWN AS 'FLASH
FIRERS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to utilize the gases now generated within
the flues of the class of boilers named in my title, and which are more or less
wasted. I effect this by extending or continuing the side flue (which is usually
carried up to the water line) over the upper surface of the boiler. Along the
centre of the boiler at the top I place a line of brickwork to separate the side
flues, and at either end of this superheater or hot-air chamber I place a course
of brickwork, so that there shall be no through draft, but the flames confined
to their usual channels.
The upper parts of the flues therefore by this arrangement are chambers
filled with hot air, which acts upon the plates constituting the steam chamber
of the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCREASING THE EXPANSIVE POWER OF STEAM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April 1866.
I, JOSEPH TAYLOR (of the Firm of J. and T. Taylor), of Stamland, in the
County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INCREASING THE EXPANSIVE POWER OF
STEAM," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize fuel in obtaining steam for
the production of motive power by the application of atmospheric air to the
interior of steam boilers. Air is injected to the boiler by means of an air
pump placed near the engine, the piston of the said pump is actuated by a
lever and connecting rod attached to the beam of the engine, a pipe com-
municating with the boiler and the air pump serves to convey the air to the
boiler. The return of air by backward pressure is prevented by a clack
valve attached to the pump. The application of air to the interior of boilers
where water is the medium through which steam is obtained I find greatly
reduces the amount of fuel necessary to obtain the required power or pressure
of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIS- TILLING THE GREASE OF COTTON-SEED OIL AND OTHER FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Doughty at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1866.
I, CHARLES DOUGHTY, of the City of Lincoln, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIS-
TILLING THE GREASE OF COTTON-SEED OIL AND OTHER FATTY MATTERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for distilling
the grease of cotton-seed oil and other fatty matters. For this purpose I
employ superheated steam in the following manner :-In conjunction with a
perforated coil or coils at the bottom of the still by which superheated steam
is blown in amongst the grease I employ other coils within the still and near
the top thereof; these coils also contain superheated steam, but are unper-
forated, and the superheated steam first passes through the upper or unper-
forated coils, and then into the lower or perforated coil or coils, from which
it escapes as above described. By this method the upper part of the still
over the grease is highly heated, and the distillation is thus greatly facilitated.
The lower part of the still below the grease line may conveniently be jacketted
and heated by free or superheated steam, or a small fire may be used without
jacketting the still, although not so advantageously. These external appliances
of heat are merely intended to keep the grease at its melting point, but may
be entirely dispensed with, and the contents of the still distilled by means only
of the internal fittings before described.