Improvement in Water-tube Steam-boilers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1898-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvement in Water-tube Steam-boilers.
I, LOUIS TURGAN, Mechanical Engineer, of 20, Rue de Saint Petersbourg, Paris,
France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement..
-
The present invention relates to that class of steam generators known as multi-
tubular or water-tube generators, that is to say to generators in which a large
portion of the water within the tubes is acted upon by the hot gases
The invention has for its object to provide a generator of that class, which shall
be simple in construction, in which the series of tubes shall be readily capable
of expanding, which shall be easy to take apart for cleaning or other purposes
and in which the cuculation of the water shall be accurately guided and con-
trolled and shall take place iapidly Furthermore, a special arrangement of
tubes provides means, in accordance with this invention, for effecting a circuitous
circulation of the gases so as to cause a perfect utilization of the same
In the annexed diawings, I have shown, by way of examples, my improvement
as applied to a generator comprising a horizontal cylindrical shell and to a genera-
tor comprising a vertical cylindrical shell
Fig 118 a vertical cross section showing the general arrangement of the
system as applied to a generator having a horizontal cylindrical shell
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, on a larger scale, showing one of the water-
tubes of a series
Fig 3 18 a detail showing in plan above the line, of Fig 2, one of the
means for mounting a tube upon the concentric collector hereinafter referred
to.
Fig 4 18 a cross section showing a special arrangement of tube as means for
providing screens in return-flame generators
Fig 5 shows another anlangement of tube capable of answering the same
purpose
Fig 6 18 a similar view to Fig 1, showing the application of the system to a
generator comprising a vertical cylindrical shell
Referring to Fig 1 to 5, the boiler comprises a cylindrical horizontal shell a,
into which open tubes bananged in two series on either side of a vertical plane
through the longitudinal axis of the shell a The two said series are at an
angle to each other and terminate near each side of the grating c of the furnace d
The general arrangement, as clearly shown in the drawing, therefore assumes
in cross section the shape of a triangle, the apex of which is formed by the
shell a, the base by the giating and the sides by the two senes or groups of
tubes
The tubes are open at their upper end and issue into the shell a But in
contradistinction to what has hitherto been the case in generators of a similar
construction, they do not communicate at the lower end with lower collectors
which are themselves connected to the shell by large tubes at the outside of the

page_text: whole arrangement The herein described tubes, on the contrary, are closed
at their lower end by a screw-plug e which also acts, if required, as a receptacle
for sediment which may deposit in the tube
The tubes baie, preferably, permanently fastened (while being capable of
being taken apart), at the upper end in the shell a For this purpose, I have
shown, by way of an example, one of the various means which can be employed
to that end. In the arrangement illustrated, a short length of tube f is perma-
nently fixed, in any suitable manner, by being screwed or brazed, for instance,
into the shell a At the end thereof, which is exterior to the shell a, the said
tube is internally screw-threaded for the reception of the upper end of the tube b,
which is thus connected to the shell a It is obvious that other anangements
than the one shown might be employed and that I do not limit my invention
to the one shown and described for fixing the tubes b to the shell a
Within the shell a 18 concentrically arranged a collector 9 into which open
the upper ends of tubes h placed inside the tubes b and concentrically therewith,
into which they extend downwardly and terminate at a short distance from the
screw-plugs e
The tubes are open at both ends and may, just like the collector 9, be made
of very thin metal since they do not have to resist any pressure
J
The collector g is fastened into the shell by any suitable means, such as bolts
and ties and 18 provided with one or more openings by which it communicates
with the said shell a As the joint between the tubes h and the collector
need not be water-tight, it may be obtained by a bayonet joint shown in Fig 2
and, in plan in Fig. 3; the tubes h may be guided within the tubes by any
suitable support which may, with advantage, be merely formed of a small
tongue 1, Fig 2, punched out of the metal of which the tube h is made, and
bent so as to bear against the inner wall of the tube 6 of screw-plug e
The generator operates as follows The feed takes place solely into the col-
lector g; the cold water flows down the inner tubes h, 1ises up between the latter
and the tubes b and reaches, being mixed with steam, the shell a, which is pro-
vided with a usual dome 1.
It will be seen that my system of generator, as compared with Fields genera-
tor, offers the advantage that the water 19 accurately guided or controlled without
any possibility of its mixing with the steam while circulating through the
internal collector and the tubes, a result which it would not be possible to obtain
with tubes opening directly into the shell Furthermore, the ends of the
tubes are out of reach of the furnace-fe, from which they are moreover pio-
tected, as well as the joints of the tubes in the shell a, by shields m, respec-
tively
By unscrewing the plugs e, access can be had to the interior of the tubes The
plugs might be provided with small cocks or valves through which, when open,
the sediment could be blown off
By modifying the exterior shape of the tubes b, a shield or baffle-plate can be
formed for causing the flames to follow a return course in return-flame generator-
Each tube can be provided, for instance, with two longitudinal external ribs o,
either arranged on a plane passing through the centre of the tubes or otherwise;
by arranging the tubes as shown in Fig 4, it will be seen that a shield will
readily be formed
It is also possible to employ tubes 61, Fig 5, of a larger diameter than that
of the tubes and reduce them, at 63, at each end, at the point wherein they
engage the shell a and pass through the shield n
I do not limit my invention strictly to the arrangement shown, for it would be
possible to cause it to undergo modifications without departing from the principle
of the said invention For instance, the shell a might be duplicated so as to
provide a distinct shell for each series of tubes, all the other arrangements other-
wise remaining the same So-called "double-front" generators might also be
constructed by arranging, in the extension of each other, two generators similar

page_text: to the one herein described, and by suitably modifying the furnace, it will be
possible to render the generator capable of being applied to locomotives
I have herein so far described a generator comprising a horizontal cylindrical
shell, but my invention is equally applicable to generators comprising a cylin-
drical vertical shell, as shown in Fig 6 In this instance, the interior collector, g
opens above the water level and communicates, on the other hand, at the bottom,
with the interior of the shell a by a bent nozzle p, the object being to collect
the sediment at the bottom of g, while at the same time supplying water at a low
temperature to the bottom of a in the region most exposed to the action of the
furnace The compound tubes b, h arranged as previously described, radiate
from the shell a They are preferably somewhat inclined with reference to
the horizon and are supported at their free end by the boiler-casing q which,
for this purpose, is provided with suitably arranged openings. A jacket sur-
rounds the ends of the tubes projecting from the casing g The shell a is
surmounted by a dome /
The details as to fitting and construction of this arrangement remain the
same as those previously described
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is -
1. In a steam-generator, an outer tube fastened to the shell, an inner tube
projecting from the outer tube into the shell, and a collector or baffle-plate g at
a distance from the inner wall of the shell, substantially as described and shown
and for the purpose set forth.
2. In a steam-generator, an outer tube fastened to the shell, an inner tube
projecting from the outer tube into the shell, a collector or baffle-plate 7 at a
distance from the inner wall of the shell. and means for supporting or suspending
the inner tube to the baffle-plate, substantially as described and shown and for
the purpose set forth
3 In a steam-generator, an outer tube fastened to the shell, a removable plug
at the outer end of the same, an inner tube projecting from the outer tube into
the shell and a collector or baffle-plate g at a distance from the inner wall of the
shell, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose set forth
4. In a steam-generator, an outer tube fastened to the shell, a removable plug
at the outer end of the same, an inner tube projecting from the outer tube into
the shell, a collector or baffle-plate g at a distance from the inner wall of the
shell, and means for supporting or suspending the inner tube to the baffle-plate,
substantially as described and shown, and for the purpose set forth
5. In a steam-generator, a shell, a series of outer tubes fastened thereto, a series
of inner tubes projecting from the series of outer tubes, a collector or baffle-
plate g at a distance from the inner wall of the shell and a shield n, substantially
as described and shown and for the purpose set forth
6 In a steam-generator, a shell, a series of outer tubes fastened thereto, a
series of inner tubes projecting from the series of outer tubes, a collector or
baffle-plate g at a distance from the inner wall of the shell, a shield n and a
shield m, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose set forth
7. In a steam-generator, a shell, a series of outer tubes fastened thereto, plugs
at the outer end of the same, a series of inner tubes, a collector on baffle-plate g
at a distance from the inner wall of the shell, and a shield n, substantially as
described and shown, and for the purpose set forth
8 In a steam-generator, a shell, a series of outer tubes fastened thereto, plugs
at the outer end of the same, a series of outer tubes, a collector or buffle-plate g
at a distance from the inner wall of the shell, a shield and a shield m, sub-
stantially as described and shown, and for the purpose set forth
9. In a steam-generator, a vertical shell, a cylindrical collector 9 therein, a
series of outer tubes connected to the shell, a series of inner tubes connected

page_text: to the collector, and a pipe p, for leading the water from the collector to the
shell while at the same time retaining the sediment, substantially as described
and shown, and for the purpose set forth
10. An outer Field tube having ribs o arranged longitudinally thereon, for
the purpose set forth