AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY OR FLUE FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
WILLIAM HIORT, Chief Examiner in His Majesty's Office of Works and
Public Buildings, Whitehall, Architect and Surveyor, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of November, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John William Hiort, His especial licence, that I, the said John William
Hiort, my exors, admiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John'
William Hiort, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY OR FLUE FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John
William Hiort, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, parti-
cularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what'
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at-large appear.
' NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John William Hiort, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to

page_text: consist in building chimnies or flues internally of a circular form, and with
bricks so formed that any required inclination or turn, however sudden, may
be given to the said chimney or flue, without any corner or sharp angle being
left to gather soot or impede the draft, and also in air-chambers constructed
round the said chimney or flue to prevent condensation therein, in manner
herein-after set forth; and in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said John William Iliort, do hereby describe the manner in which I perform
my said Invention, by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing annexed, and the figures marked thercon (that is to say):
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents the section of a stack of chimnies or flues A being
shewn in its whole length. It will be seen by examing this Figure that the
flue is built with bricks of a peculiar form, being all segments of circles, and
in a manner wedge-shaped; they are in fact so formed that it takes four
bricks to complete the circle; and as the vertical joints and external angles
of these bricks inust be so formed as to break bond at every course, eight
bricks or two circles may be considered as a set, and each circle being
gradually thicker at one part than the other, any required curvature may be
given to the flue determined by the situation of the thick or thin part of the
circle. Thus, for instance, if the circles are placed over each other with the
thick parts reversed alternately, as shewn at B in this Figure, a perpendicular
fluc will be produced. Whereas if the thick parts of the circles are placed
together at any part of the chimney or flue, as at C and D, then the flue will
gather from that side of the flue regularly to the right or left, as the case
may be, and as shewn at C and D. It should be here observed, with regard
to the thickness of the circles, that a set or two placed one over the other,
with the thick ends reversed, are equal in heighth to two courses of ordinary
bricks. E is the chimney bar, which in this case is placed somewhat lower
than usual; and here the circle of the flue commences, this part being what is
termed the throat of the chimney, and is immediately over the fire. P is a
half circle continuing down to the hearth, and forming the centre of the back
of the fireplace, by which arrangement the usual filling-in brickwork becomes
unnecessary. F is the chimney top, consisting of a cast or wrought iron
cylinder of the same diameter as the fluc, and about two feet high, inclosed or
built round with brickwork or masonry, as shewn in this Figure, and as will
be more particularly described hereafter by other Figures.
Figure 2 is a plan of the flues shewn in Figure 1, taken in the line of V, W,
on Figure 1, and shews the manner in which the circle is formed by four of

page_text: my said bricks.. In this view, another important part of my said Invention is
shewn, namely, the air chambers or open spaces left round the flue for the
continuation of warm air round it. r, r, r, r, are the four bricks required to
form one circle; and the parts marked Sare the cavities or air chambers
aforesaid. As the intention is to retain warm air in these cavities, they should
be built as air-tight as the nature of the materials will allow. A general
communication should also be kept up between the various cavities, and they
should commence at the back of every fireplace.
Figue 3 is a plan of the chimney tops of Figure 1, intersected at the line
X, Y, on Figure 1, by which it will be seen that the air chambers are con-
tinued to the top of the chimney, and then closed by means of the stone
capping, as slicwn at Figure 4, which is an elevation of the said chimney
tops. It is the stone capping, so placed as aforesaid, that closes the top of the
air chambers, and thus confines the warm air within them, for the purpose of
preventing condensation in the flue.
Figure 5.is a plan of the fireplace.
Figure 6 is the section of a flue carried round the corner of a window,
shewing how the circles are placed to effect such a curve as would be required
for such a purpose. Figure 7. is the section of a flue variously curved, to
shew the manner of placing the circles to effect such curves as are hero
represented.
Figure 8 is the section of one set of bricks or two circles, shewing how the
vertical joints break bond; and Figure 9 is the section of one of the circles of
the set.
It should here be stated, that I cause the inner surface of the bricks form-
ing the aforesaid circles to be vitrified, as the soot will thereby be less liable
to lodge, though I do not claim exclusive privilege to this last suggestion.
But whereas I claim as my Invention a chimney or flue formed with bricks
shaped as is herein-before described, and with air chambers constructed round
them, as aforesaid, as also the iron tube for the chimney top, and air chambers
round the same, with the manner of constructing the fireplace as aforesaid.
And such an improved chimney or flue being, to the best of my knowledge,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of His said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion
of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be
my Specification of the same; and that I do verily believe this my said Speci-
fication doth comply in all respects fally and without reserve or disguise with
the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained;

page_text: wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John William Hiort, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-five.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of Decem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid John William Hiort came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.