IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZED PAPER
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough
Park, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZED PAPER." -A communi-
cation from abroad by Henry Carelton Hulbert and Zenas Crane
Warren, both of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United
States of America.
Sealed the 23rd November 1870, and dated the 27th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson
Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th September 1869.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZED PAPER," to be
as follows:-
The Invention which constitutes the subject matter of this Patent
has reference to the sizing of paper by means of starch material instead
of the animal sizing ordinarily used for the purpose. A compound
sizing material denominated powdered gelatine is used, the same being

page_text: a compound of starch material and nitrate of potash. The kind of
starch material that is preferred for the manufacture of the sizing
material is sago flour, and it and the nitrate of potash are by preference
compounded by grinding the two together in a dry state, so that the
compound when made is a fine dry powder that can be conveniently
packed and transported to paper mills, where it may be dissolved as
required. The proportions in which the ingredients may be compounded
with success are,-
Sago flour
Nitrate of potash
but the proportions may be varied.
- 100 Ibs..
5 "
When the powdered gelatine produced as above described is to be
used it is to be dissolved in water and boiled by blowing steam into it.
Alum is then added to the solution in the proportion of from 5 to 15 lbs. for
each 100 lbs. of the powdered gelatine used, and carbonate of soda may
sometimes be added to the solution. The dissolved sizing is applied to
the surfaces of paper in the same manner as tub sizing with animal
sizing, the solution being maintained at a temperature of from 100° to
150° Fahrenheit. The paper is subsequently dried and calendered.
Also according to this Invention sago flour is sometimes used for
sizing without the nitrate of potash. It should first be ground to a very
fine powder like fine wheaten flour, it may then be dissolved in water
and alum added to the solution; the paper can then be sized with the
solution in like manner as with the solution of powdered gelatine, but
the sizing with the preparation of the powdered gelatine can be
effected with greater facility by reason of its greater fluidity.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE 30
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the 35

page_text: thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her
special licence that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might, make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZED
PAPER," a communication to me from abroad by Henry Carelton Hulbert
and Zenas Crane Warren, both of Brooklyn, in the State of New York,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The Invention which constitutes the subject matter of this Patent has
reference to the sizing of paper by means of starch material instead
of the animal sizing ordinarily used for the purpose.
The first part of the Invention consists of a compound sizing material
denominated powdered gelatine, the same being a compound of starch
material and nitrate of potash.
The second part of the Invention consists of the manufacture of
sized paper by surface sizing the paper with a preparation of sago flour
and alum, with or without nitrate of potash.
The kind of starch material that is preferred for the manufacture of
the sizing material denominated powdered gelatine is sago flour, and it
and the nitrate of potash are by preference compounded by grinding
the two together in a dry state, so that the compound when made is a

page_text: fine dry powder that can be conveniently packed and transported to
paper mills, where it may be dissolved as required. The proportions in
which the ingredients may be compounded with success are,-
Sago flour -
Nitrate of potash
-
100 lbs.
5 "
but the proportions may be varied as found expedient, the action of the
nitrate of potash being to render the solution of the article more liquid
than that of sago alone, which action is believed to be due to the nitric
acid combined in the nitrate.
When the powdered gelatine produced as above described is to be
used it is to be dissolved in water. The mode in which this operation
may be advantageously performed is to stir the article into cold water in
the proportions of one pound of the article for each gallon of water.
The mixture is then boiled by blowing steam into it by means of an
open ended steam pipe, and the boiling is continued for an hour after
it commences. After the solution has boiled an hour alum is added to
the solution in the proportion of from 5 to 15 lbs. for each 100 lbs. of
the powdered gelatine used, and carbonate of soda may sometimes be
added to the solution with advantage in the proportion of half a pound
for each 100 lbs. of the powdered gelatine used. As the steam
condenses in the solution the product is about one and a half gallons of
dissolved sizing for every pound of the dry powdered gelatine employed.
The dissolved sizing is applied to the surfaces of paper in the same
manner at tub sizing with animal sizing, the solution being maintained
at a temperature of from 100° Fahrenheit to 150° Fahrenheit, the
temperature which has been found most suitable being about 130°
Fahrenheit. The paper is subsequently dried and calendered. Instead
of compounding the ingredients by grinding them together they may
be ground separately and then mixed together, or they may be
separately added to the water which is used to dissolve the compound,
if this course be deemed expedient.
Although sago flour has been found to be the kind of starch material best
adapted to the manufacture of the powdered gelatine, other starch material,
such, for example, as potato starch, may be used for the purpose, but
in this case it has been found expedient first to dissolve the potato starch
in the smallest quantity of hot water, and then to dry it at a temperature
of about 140° Fahrenheit, so as to produce a prepared starch material
resembling sago in its characteristics. When sago flour is used for sizing

page_text: without the nitrate of potash it should first be ground to a very fine powder
like fine wheaten flour; it may then be dissolved in water in the same
manner as has above been described in reference to the powdered gelatine.
Alum must be added to the solution, in the same proportions as when
the powdered gelatine is used, and the paper can then be sized with the
solution in like manner as with the solution of powdered gelatine, but
the sizing with the preparation of the powdered gelatine can be effected
with greater facility by reason of its greater fluidity. The said pre-
paration of powdered gelatine is much cheaper than the animal
sizing in common use, while it may be prepared in a dry state, and
therefore be as readily transported as animal sizing material. The said
preparation, as well as that of the sago and alum (without the nitrate
of potash) does not impart an offensive smell to the paper as animal
sizing does, neither does it affect the color of the paper. Paper sized
with it also is better adapted to being dried by hot rolls than when sized
with animal sizing, and it contracts less in drying.
The Invention that is claimed is, the compound sizing material before
described, consisting of starch material and nitrate of potash.
Also the manufacture of sized paper by surface sizing paper with
a preparation of sago flour and alum.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.