matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MANUFACTURING OXYCHLORIDE OF LEAD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jane Ann Herbert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 5th October
1859. A communication from abroad by Ludwig Brumleu, of New
York, in the United States of America.
I, JANE ANN HERBERT, of Guildford, in the County of Surry, Widow,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING
OXYCHLORIDE OF LEAD," (being a communication to me from abroad by
Ludwig Brumleu, of New York, in the United States of America,) to be as
follows:-
In order to make the oxychloride of lead, I make a solution of acetate of
lead in saturating acetic acid with lead, and precipitate therefrom the lead by
muriatic acid, forming thereby chloride of lead, the acetic acid becoming free
to be used again for dissolving lead in excess, so that sub-acetate of lead is
formed, which being brought in contact with the chloride of lead, will be
reduced to acetate of lead, giving the excess of lead to the chloride of lead,
and forming thereby sub or oxychloride of lead and acitate of lead. This
process is continually carried on with the same acetic acid which is used only
as a medium to dissolve the lead, and form sub-acetate of lead to be used for
turning always the chloride of lead obtained by a former precipitation into
oxychloride.
I claim, as my Invention, the principle that sub-acetate of lead and chloride
of lead, by being brought in close contact with each other, will exchange their

page_text: respective proportions, and the one losing a part of its contents of lead will
give it to the other, so that the sub-acetate of lead is reduced to acetate of
lead, and the chloride of lead becomes oxychloride of lead.
I further claim the whole continuous process as my Invention by which the
same acetic acid is used over and over again as a medium to make the sub- 5
acetate of lead to turn the chloride into oxychloride, and being thereby reduced
to acetate of lead to be precipitated by muriatic acid to chloride of lead, and
so on continuously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND PROJECTILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Spurgin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1859.
I, JOHN SPURGIN, of Great Cumberland Street, in the County of Middlesex,
M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORDNANCE AND PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ordnance and projectiles,
For this purpose I apply to cannon of the ordinary construction (viz., muzzle-
loading and of a cylindrical or smooth bore) a tube of steel having rifle grooves
formed within it. The tube is made to fit the bore of the cannon or other
piece of ordnance, and so that it may be placed and locked therein, and un-
locked and withdrawn at pleasure. The tube is chambered or made somewhat.
larger in the bore at the breech end for a sufficient length to receive a ball.
and cartridge. The ball should be furnished with a leaden ring of a slightly.
larger diameter than the bore of the tube beyond the chamber. The gun is
loaded by placing the ball and cartridge into the tube when it is out of the
gun; the tube is then put into its place and there locked, the gun is discharged
in the ordinary manner. It is preferred to make the bore of the cannon or
other piece of ordnance and the exterior of the. tube slightly conical, so that
a more accurate fit may be obtained, with facility of movement. By the use
of a tubé as above described, smooth bored guns, which are not sufficiently
strong to be rifled in the ordinary manner, may be converted into rifled guns,

page_text: and the ball may be made to fit the bore as accurately as in breech-loading
guns.
I also, according to my Invention, employ a projectile consisting of an
elongated head, the smaller diameter of which is somewhat less than the
internal diameter of the piece from which it is to be fired; this head has a ring
of lead placed around it, which, when the charge is fired behind the projectile,
is driven into the rifle grooves of the piece. From one end of the head there
springs a long stem or rigid tail, having at its further end an enlargement or
shot of smaller size than the head, and which does not touch the interior of
the bore when the projectile is introduced into the piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whiteley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1859.
I, WILLIAM WHITELEY, of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the shuttle box and picking motion of looms, and
consists in working two or more shuttle boxes by means of a wheel placed on
one or both sides of the loom, and having projections or tappets screwed or
otherwise secured to its periphery, and worked by a ratchet or sneck wheel,
or any other suitable mechanical contrivance, from the crank shaft, so as to
raise or lower the shuttle box at any required time. This same arrangement
also serves to regulate the picking motion, when desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cowper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1859. A communication from abroad by Robert Jefferson Bingham, of
Rue de la Rochefoucauld, Paris, in France.
I, CHARLES COWPER, of 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC CABLES," to be as follows:-
The copper wire, somewhat thicker than those usually employed for
telegraphic cables, is first covered with a coating of gutta percha or other
insulating substance, and then with a mixture composed of caoutchouc, gum
lac, tar, and cork reduced to powder or sawdust in such proportions that the
cable shall remain sufficiently flexible and but slightly heavier than the
water in which it is immersed; gutta percha may be mixed with or substituted
for the caoutchouc. This outer composition is intended both to protect the
conductor, and by its low specific gravity to facilitate the laying of the cable
by doing away with the tension caused by the weight of the ordinary cables
upon the paying out machinery. The mixture may, if necessary, be put
around the conductor on board ship immediately before the paying out of
the cable, and in case of a storm or of any accident to the vessel, a greater
thickness of the composition may then be used, thus rendering the cable
capable of floating independant of the ship until the bad weather is passed or
the accident remedied; the composition being afterwards reduced to its

page_text: former thickness, the thickened part of the cable will be gradually drawn down
by the rest of the cable.
In the case of the cable being provided with any metallic or other pro-
tecting or strengthening material or covering, the above-named composition is
equally applicable, but must of course be applied in larger proportion
according to the increased gravity of the cable, the principle of the Invention
being the application of a composition of low specific gravity to counteract
the weight of the other materials of the cable. For those parts of the cable
which approach the shore, or in any part where a wearing action is to be
feared, the same mixture is made use of, with this exception, that the cork or
sawdust is in such cases replaced gradually by emery, corundum, silex, or some
other similar hard substance.. In order to prevent the cable being injured
by any substances, such as rocks or stones, with which it may come in contact,
the proportions of the various materials of the composition must necessarily
vary with the temperature required, buoyancy, and other incidental circum-
stances.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GLASS FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darlington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1859.
I, JOHN DARLINGTON, of No. 36, Cannon Street, City of London, Mining
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GLASS FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in supplying fuel and air to glass furnaces in such
manner as that the fuel may be caked or partially coked as it is being fed to
or enters the furnace, and the air may be supplied by artificial means below
the bars upon which the fire is placed for heating the pots, so as to secure the
incandescence of the fuel, in lieu of feeding the furnace in the ordinary
manner, and adopting the ordinary wind draft; and for this purpose I place
below the fire-bars a chamber adapted for the supply of the air by suitable
openings to the fuel, which is not allowed to fall down immediately upon the
fire, but is retained so as to become caked or partially coked as it is being
supplied into the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bradshaw, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1859.
I, RICHARD BRADSHAW, of Camden Town, Dentist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
AND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel contrivance of rotary steam engine and
pump for lifting or forcing water, or pumping or exhausting air, &c. It
consists in mounting within a cylinder a hollow axis or a solid axis having a
suitably cored or chambered cylindrical boss fitted thereonto; from this axis or
the central chambered boss a radial piston projects, carrying an adjustable
packing for working in contact with the interior of the cylinder, within which
it is made to revolve air and steam tight. The steam (in the case of a rotary
steam engine which I will now proceed to describe) is admitted through the
axis or through the cored or chambered boss, and finds admission into the
cylinder on one side of the radial piston, whilst on the opposite side of
the piston a similar passage is provided for the escape or exhaust, which passes
through the same axis or axial shaft, or through the same cored or chambered
boss as admits the steam. Each of these passages, however, are distinct, and
by means of a rotating or sliding valve may be reversed externally for the-
purpose of reversing the direction of motion or rotation of the piston within the
cylinder. The cylinder is divided across its diameter into two equal parts by
two sliding pieces of the same width as the cylinder, capable of sliding back.

page_text: and forward, or approaching and receding from the axis. The inner end of
one or the other of these sliding pieces is constantly in contact with the surface
of the central boss or hollow axle; thus when the radial piston is revolving,
these sliding pieces are alternately projected inward and withdrawn. The
projection and withdrawal of the sliding pieces is effected by means of a cam
or cams, keyed fast upon the axis or central shaft, having lever arms working
in contact therewith or operated upon thereby, so that the exact time of
projecting forward or withdrawing the sliding pieces respectively is capable of
regulation and adjustment, as is also the extent of movement.
When the apparatus such as I have just described is employed as a pump
or exhauster, rotary motion must be communicated to the axis, and by the
rotation of the radial piston, the fluid to be pumped is caused to rise within
the cylinder, and gains admission thereto through the opening and passage by
which the steam in a rotary steam engine constructed according to this
Invention would be admitted, whilst the fluid would be discharged through
what would be the exhaust passage in a rotary steam engine.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DIAMOND SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Parry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1859.
I, CHARLES JAMES PARRY, of the Firm of Parry and Briddon, of the City
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Shirt Front and Collar Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DIAMOND SHIRT FRONTS," to be as follows:-
To the bottom of diamond shirt fronts I apply a tab for the button hole
consisting of two pieces, one larger than the other, which pieces are at first
turned backwards upon the body of the front, and all stitched together by the
sewing machine; the said pieces are then turned down, and the larger piece
turned over the smaller in the process of hemming either by hand or machine.
I also stitch a tab to each side of the front, cut of the same shape, but some-
what smaller than the part of the front corresponding with it, which tab is
then turned back, and the side of the front turned over the tab in the process
of hemming. I also attach a tab to each shoulder strap in the same manner
as to the sides; and to enable the front to be hemmed by machine past the
joining of the shoulder strap, a small piece of about the depth of the seam is
cut out of the front and the strap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1859.
I, JAMES SHAW, of Teignmouth, in the County of Devon, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render the dust or small coal available for
fire-places of the ordinary kind by an admixture which will have even a better
effect than the best kind of lump coal, and is effected in the following
manner: To a given quantity of small coal or coal dust I add about one-
fourth its bulk of lime, and thoroughly incorporate them together, after which
I slightly moisten the whole, sufficient only to bind them, when the mixture
may be formed into suitable blocks by any of the known means, the result
being that a more intense heat is obtained with less cost, and at the same time
will last considerably longer than ordinary coal. This fuel is also well
adapted to the generating of steam and other such like useful purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1859.
J, WILLIAM ELLIOTT, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in raising liquids by means of an upright tube,
which opens at top into one, two, or more open horizontal tubes, to which
rotary motion is imparted; valves may be fitted to the tubes if required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF WRITING PAPER, AND INK TO BE USED THEREON.
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Auguste Hilarion Ballande, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE PREPARATION OF WRITING PAPER, AND INK TO BE USED THEREON.
Sealed the 29th September 1859, and dated the 6th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Auguste Hilarion
Ballande at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th April 1859.
I, JEAN AUGUSTE HILARION BALLANDE, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF WRITING PAPER, AND INK TO BE USED
THEREON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in introducing into paper, either during or after its
manufacture, oxides or metallic salts, the proportions of which may vary
according to the intensity of effect to be produced. The agent I prefer to
use is protochloride of mercury, but any salt of iron, of copper, or indeed any
other metallic salt or salts, will answer for the purposes of my Invention.
The ink, prepared as hereafter described, is without color or smell; it pro-
duces upon paper, prepared as above, dark grey characters at the moment of
writing, and which in a few days become dark green.

page_text: I prepare the ink as follows
Gum water
Prussiate of soda or potass
Hyposulphite of soda
say 1,000 parts,
about 25 parts, more or less,
about 25 parts, more or less
;
Or I use in the composition of the ink, soluble alkaline iodides and iodates, 5
very diluted sulphurous acid, sulphurs, hydrosulphates, sulphites, carbonates of
soda, of potass, and of ammonia, alone or mixed, and sometimes sulpho-
cyanides of potassium, pure or diluted with water slightly acidulated, or mixed
with the prussiate of soda or potass, or the hyposulphite of soda.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING OR SAWING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cottam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his .Petition, on the 21st April
1859.
I, EDWARD COTTAM, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING OR SAWING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a novel and economical arrangement of a saw or
knife, or any number of them combined, in connection with the apparatus for
actuating the same, by which great facility is obtained in cutting or forming
patterns or designs in plates of metal or other material, and this I effect by
attaching to the two ends of the saw or knife suitable guides, and connecting
them by a band or rope of metal or other suitable material so as with the said
saw or knife to form one continuous and endless band, having due adjustment
in some part of its length for giving to it any required degree of tension, and
from which band the saw or knife recieves a reciprocating movement. The
band or rope of metal or other suitable material may be caused either to pass
over pullies or segmental portions of pullies, or may be formed of suitable
lengths and connected by levers or bell cranks mounted on a suitable frame,
and may be actuated by a foot treadle, hand fly wheel, or by mechanical
power as may be found desirable, the lightness of the moveable parts of the
apparatus admitting of a rapid motion so desirable for clean and perfect
cutting. The attaching and detaching of the saw or knife from its connection

page_text: with the guides at its two extremities, either for the substitution of another
saw or knife, or for the purpose of entering or removing the saw or knife at
any part of the desired pattern, may be effected with facility by a simple pin
and claw fastening or by any of the means ordinarily used for such purpose.
A PORTABLE TEA TESTING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ritson Rowntree, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1859.
I, ROBERT RITSON ROWNTREE, of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A PORTABLE
TEA TESTING APPARATUS," to be as follows (that is to say):
My Invention, which has for its object the employment of an apparatus for
testing the commercial properties of tea, which is rendered portable for the
convenience of being carried about with samples of tea, and readily made use
of when required, consists in enclosing within an outer case a vessel for con-
taining a suitable quantity of water for boiling, a gas burner and stand, on
which the same is mounted when in use, and a series of cups and pots, with
tops and lids, for drawing and holding the tea, fitting one within another, as
also a spoon for tasting the same, together with a length of elastic tubing,
coiled and contained within a cylindrical or tubular case, for the purpose of
communicating from an ordinary gas burner to the apparatus, and retaining
the several parts of the same in their position when stowed away in the outer
case.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRESSING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Jullion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1859.
I, JOHN LOUIS JULLION, Paper Maker, of Stoneywood Works, Aberdeen,
N. B., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRESSING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows (that is
to say):―
I employ, in place of the pulverized earthy substances at present in use,
precipitated salts of lime with the ordinary starchy substances as a body for
dressing or finishing textile fabrics by the usual manner, preferring, however,
such salts of lime as are sparingly soluble in water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Burden at the Oilice of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 11th July
1859.
1, FRANCIS BURDEN, of John Street, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:--
My Invention consists, first, in constructing a continuous longitudinal
metal sleeper, by bending together the sides of trough iron, and by
rivetting or securing the rail in the jaws made by the two sides when united.
The broad base of the trough iron will in most cases be sufficient to support
the way without the employment of transverse sleepers or blocks under the
longitudinal sleepers, but in loose or sandy foundations the upright pile here-
after mentioned may be driven at intervals under, and form a bearing for the
base of the trough iron.
The second part of my Invention consists in the construction of a way
intended to be laid on loose and sandy foundations. I use a hollow or solid
cast or wrought iron pile or bar, and provide it at bottom with a broad
screw or not. This pile may be used by itself as a support for the trough
iron sleepers before named, as well as for other descriptions of sleepers. I
form my permanent way by fixing the rail in the pile head, which I strengthen
and otherwise adapt for its reception.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' NIGHT SIGNALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Robert Clover at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1859.
I, GEORGE ROBERT CLOVER, of the Firm of Clover and Royle, of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Shipbuilders, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' NIGHT SIGNALS," to be as follows
(that is to say):
This Invention has for its object an improved means of displaying the signal
light used by sea-going vessels to prevent collision, and consists in mounting
on the bowsprit end, or other convenient situation, a lantern, having a vertical,
semicircular, or other suitably shaped face, one side of which face is glazed
with red and the other with green glass, and between which projects forward
a vertical screen, to prevent the red light being seen from the starboard side of
the vessel, or the green light being seen from the port side of the vessel.
In some cases it may be found of advantage to construct the vertical front
of the projecting screen with small vertical wings placed at an angle to the
sides of the main body of the screen, to prevent the colours blending.
In place of the lantern herein-before described, a suitable case glazed with
green and red glass may be used to contain a lantern glazed with white glass.
Any good lamp and reflectors of any convenient kind may be used in com-
bination therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING THE COMBUSTION OF SMOKE & GASES ARISING FROM FUEL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Louis Earle' at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1859.
I, WILLIAM LOUIS EARLE, of Alfred Place, Bedford Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said 'Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING THE COMBUSTION OF SMOKE
& GASES ARISING FROM FUEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for promoting the combustion
of smoke and gases arising from fuel in ignition, consists of a fire clay or
other body perforated in a particular manner, so that the smoke, gases, and
air are severally divided into minute jets or streams, and meet and become
intimately mixed at the moment of their escape from the perforated body into
a combustion chamber or flue, no mixture of the air and gases admitted
through such perforations taking place until emerging therefrom and into
ample space to permit of and insure the combustion. I dispose this perforated
body or apparatus behind the fire, or in other position according to the
arrangement or kind of furnace to which it is applied, so as to intercept the
smoke and other gases arising from combustion in their passage from the fire
to the chimney or other escape. In its form I prefer this perforated body to
be of a wedge-shape, that is to say, in its end view or section parallel to the
same it is of the form of a right-angled triangle, and having one series of per-
forations entering and passing through the bodies at right angles to the other
series of perforations, therefore each series of perforations enter at separate

page_text: sides of the triangle, and both series open to the incline or hypothenuse which
forms the point of mixture and ignition of the air, gas, and smoke in the
combustion chamber or flues of the furnace in which the apparatus is placed.
I have adopted the triangle or wedge form as being the best suited for the
purpose, as the air is readily conveyed to the entrance of the perforations in a
body of that form to the one surface or side of the triangle, while smoke is
conveyed to the other side, and such side may form the surface immediately
adjoining the furnace. This triangle or wedge form may, however, be varied,
so long as the emission and mixture of the air, smoke, and gases takes as
described. Moreover, by varying the form of the triangle, and consequently
the area of its sides, they may bear some relative proportion to the quantities
of air and smoke and gases to enter thereat. I sometimes enclose the com-
bustion chamber or space immediately behind the perforated body by a surface
of fire clay, adding a perforated partition through which the heat and flame,
or it may be the still unconsumed gases and air pass in their course to the
flues; this addition insures the heat of the combustion chamber being always
sufficient to insure the combustion of the gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Rider at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
with his Petition, on the 4th March
1859.
I, MARK RIDER, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in certain combinations of machinery
particularly applicable to the machines for spinning, called throstles, the object
being to facilitate the operations of doffing the full bobbins, and replacing
empty bobbins on the spindles. The machinery consists principally of a
moveable rail furnished with hooks, and of a shaft furnished with bevel
wheels working in pinions fixed to the spindles, or of a friction apparatus;
when the bobbins are ready to be doffed the machine is stopped, and care
should be taken that the legs of the flyers are all in a line with the drawing
rollers, the moveable rail is then brought up to the flyers, and the attendant
by turning the shaft causes the bevel wheels and pinions or friction apparatus
to turn the spindles in the proper direction for unscrewing the flyers, which
are then supported by the hooks on the rail; this rail is then moved backwards to
allow the full bobbins to be deffed, either by hand or by an instrument having
forks to catch hold of the hobbins; the full bobbins are then placed on pegs

page_text: on a cross rail, or otherwise disposed of, after which the spindles are lubricated
as usual, and the empty bobbins are put on the spindles. The attendant then
brings the 'flyers again over the ends of the spindles, and by turning the shaft
again round, the flyers are screwed on to the spindles ready for starting the
machine, the shaft having been previously moved sideways to disconnect the
wheels and pinions or friction apparatus.
The above machinery or parts thereof are also applicable to roving frames
and to mules, or other machines used in preparing, spinning, and doubling.
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jamieson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1859. A communication from Oliver Gunnell, resident at Moline,
Illinois, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM JAMIESON, of Stoney Middleton, in the County of Derby, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN,"
(a communication from Oliver Gunnell, resident at Moline, Illinois, in the
United States of America,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a square wooden box having a wooden pillar in the
centre thereof, resting on a pivot, and moving in a recess in the bottom of the
box; the lower part of this pillar has four or more projecting arms attached, at
the end of each of which is secured a flat piece of wood at an angle of about 45°.
Upon the upper end of the said pillar, which passes through the lid of the
box, is affixed a bevelled toothed wheel, the teeth of which work into another
similar wheel affixed to a suitable bearing; these wheels are set in motion by
means of a winch handle, which also sets in motion the cross arms and pillar
inside the box. The flat pieces being set to the required angle, are somewhat
similar in their action to the archimedian screw, having the effect of beating
the cream against the sides and corners of the box without causing the slightest
splashing, and will make butter in a more speedy and efficient manner than
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING HORSE NAILS AND OTHER WROUGHT NAILS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Norris and Thomas Till at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
8th December 1859.
We, JOHN NORRIS, junior, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and THOMAS TILL, of Birmingham Heath, in the same County,
Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING HORSE NAILS
AND OTHER WROUGHT NAILS," to be as follows (that is to say):
Referring to the annexed Diagrams the more clearly to elucidate the chief
points of the Invention (a) (Fig. 1) is the fly wheel; (B) the driving shaft ;
(c, c, c,) cranks, cams, or eccentrics working the upright rods d, d¹, d¹¹, to
which by universal or other suitable joint gear are connected the points (e, e,)
of the lazy tongs apparatus, the action of which is seen by the dotted lines.
From the angles of this apparatus work vertical and horizontal arms (f, f,f,f,)
moving in slide boxes, and each furnished at the extremity at which they
approach their common centre with the requisite hammer dies suitably formed
for shaping the nail. The description of nail we propose to make is manu-
factured of nail rod iron in a highly heated state, and the proper length having
been shaped, as already described, the rod is removed to a cutter by which the
desired length of metal is cut off, leaving at the head end a sufficiency of
the rod to form the head. Fig. 2, representing merely a modification of
the arrangement shewn in Diagram, Fig. 1, will be understood without further
description. Fig. 3 shews the four hammer dies (g) actuated by a cam (h).

page_text: upon the driving shaft. The bars forming the lazy tongs in Fig. 1, and also the
carriers of the hammer dies in Fig. 2, may be made of round iron with a right
and left-handed screw cut upon a portion of their length, so that when, by
reason of the refacing of the dies, a portion of their metal is cut away, the
screwed carriers will admit of their proper re-adjustment. The four hammer
dies in (g, Fig. 3, may for the same object be provided with adjusting screws at
their rear ends. The details of these machines may be worked out in various
ways, the Diagrams representing only the action of the hammer dies and the
parts in immediate connection therewith.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADIES' HOOPED SKIRTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Williani Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1859.-A communication from abroad by George Mallory, of
Watertown, Newhaven, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADIES' HOOPED SKIRTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended to remedy a great defect which exists in all the
skirts heretofore manufactured with hoops or springs of metal. Owing to the
inflexibility of such hoops or springs in an upward and downward direction, the
fronts of those hoops or springs, the back parts of which are sat upon when the
wearer sits down, are thrown upwards and caused to raise the front of the dress
in an objectionable manner. The present Invention consists in constructing one
or more of the hoops or springs of a skirt in such a manner as to preserve, as far
as necessary, its inflexibility in an upward and downward direction in all parts
except at a convenient point or part on each side, where they are made flexible,
in order that they may bend and allow the front portion to hang down over the
front of the seat when the wearer is sitting down. The hoops or springs of the
skirt are connected by suspending tapes in the ordinary manner. The lowermost
hoops or springs, and also the uppermost ones, are or may be of the ordinary
construction, that is to say, of thin strips of steel, which, when bent into form,
and in place in the skirt, have their width in a vertical direction, and are

page_text: elastic in a horizontal direction. Those
Those hoops which are likely to be sat
upon are made in the same way, except that at each side a short piece is cut.
out or omitted, and the space is filled by two pieces of the same or substan-
tially similar material, preferably pieces of well tempered thin flat steel spring,
set with its edges transversely to the edges of the other parts, or with its width
in a horizontal direction. These pieces are to be hinged, jointed, or united
with the other parts of the hoops in any convenient manner, which will enable
the hoop or springs to retain their circular form, and leave them as inflexible
in upward and downward directions as ordinary hoops at all parts, but where
they are provided with the transverse pieces, which are capable in a full sized
skirt of being bent by the weight of the front part, to allow the latter to fall
down over the edge of the seat when the back part is sat upon, or if the weight
of the skirt alone should not be sufficient, the weight of the dress outside of it
could not fail thus to bend them. When the wearer stands up again the hoop
resumes its proper shape and horizontal condition.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Raymond Piednue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1859.-A communication from Alphonse Cheron, Engineer,
and Desiré Honoré Sole, Professor, persons resident at Paris, France.
I, JOHN RAYMOND PIEDNUE, of Royal Mint Refinery, Royal Mint Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Assayer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of levers for the con-
struction of an apparatus for transmitting motive power, by which arrange-
ment the power transmitted is considerably increased.
The apparatus is formed as follows:-Upon a suitable frame or standard is
supported the axis of a fly wheel; one arm of the wheel is made with a slot,
which allows the play of a rod in connection with a lever, which actuates
another lever. These levers by short connecting rods give motion to a hori-
zontal rod, and which by another connecting rod transmits the motive power,
increased by the leverage, to the crank of a fly wheel.
The apparatus may be put in motion by steam or other motive power, and
may be applied to any motive engine.
A NEW SYSTEM AND IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wingfield Bonnin (British
subject) and Francis Pons (Sardinian subject) at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1859.
We, WILLIAM WINGFIELD BONNIN (British subject) and FRANCIS PONS
(Sardian subject), both of Genoa, Italy, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM AND IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
The particular objects of this Invention are, firstly, to greatly economize the
consumption of fuel; secondly, that with the same pressure used by other
locomotives of the same power and weight a much greater speed is obtained;
thirdly, that all the caloric or atmospheric heat lost by the locomotives now in
use is practically utilized; and, lastly, that by means of a blower (styled
"Bonnin's blower ") the engine driver has the entire control over and keeping
up of an animated incandescence of any kind of fuel.
These objects being effected in the following manner :-In the front of the
engine immediately under the smoke box is placed a blower of rectangular
form, having a Venetian front with a graduated dentated semicircle, and a
trap drop at the back, enabling the driver by a connecting key to regulate the
ingress and egress of air from under the grate to the pipes running the entire
length of the boiler, the ends of which terminate under the fire-bars; the
whole of these pipes are encased in a strong box of iron the width of the boiler,
thereby forming a hot air chamber, the bottom of the boiler being the roof

page_text: thereof; the waste steam from the cylinders is passed into this chamber and
combines with the gases from the several kinds of fuel, which together form a
gratuitous element of heat. We propose coupling other tubes to those now in
use termed the "pons" tubes, which, after passing horizontally through the
boiler ascend in the steam generator, thus drying the steam before it enters
the cylinders, whereby greater strength and power of stroke is obtained; the
boiler has a greater heating surface than most others used in locomotive
engines, as we propose placing about 170 metal tubes of the same diameter
as in general use, also the larger tubes before mentioned above and below
within the boiler. We propose keeping the ash-pit closed to prevent the
escape of caloric, above which is another flap to the blower before mentioned,
of rectangular form the same as the front blower, said back flap or trap door
being made to open or shut at pleasure as may be practically suggested, it is
however mostly kept closed whilst the engine is in motion. By this arrange-
ment of blower, chamber, and tubes, any description of fuel may be consumed
with equal advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lindley John Higham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1859.
I, LINDLEY JOHN HIGHAM, of New York, in the United States of America,
Gentleman, now residing at Edmund Place, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD
TABLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in billiard tables relates to a novel mode of
constructing the cushions so that the ball when close against the cushion may
be more easily struck by the player than on tables with the ordinary cushions.
To effect this object the cushion is made much lower than heretofore, so that
at least one-third of the ball will be above the level of the cushion rail, and it
may therefore be more easily struck than if the rail were higher.
Another improvement consists in making the angles of the cushion at the
pockets more acute than heretofore, so that when a ball strikes the angle it
may more certainly enter the pocket than if the angle were more obtuse, and
there is also less liability of the ball rebounding from the angle of the pockets
on to the board than on tables of the ordinary kind. By making the angle of
the pockets more acute than heretofore the opening is narrowed, but the
facility of pocketing the ball is not diminished, while at the same time the
playing cushion surface is increased by several inches.
Another improvement consists in inserting flat steel, whalebone, or other

page_text: springs in the body of the cushion, for the purpose of increasing the resistance
of the cushion without damaging its elasticity.
In carrying out this improvement the cushions are by preference made solid,
of vulcanized india-rubber or gutta percha, and the metal, whalebone, or other
spring is imbedded therein at an acute angle to the surface of the table.
The object of this improvement is to prevent the balls from bedding in the
cushion, and taking false angles, or bouncing or hopping off the table. As
the metal, whalebone, or other spring is covered by a portion of the india-
rubber or gutta percha which forms the body of the cushion the ball is in no
danger of being injured by striking against the naked or slightly covered
metal, and at the same time the spring will support the india-rubber or gutta
percha from behind, and thus present an elastic but solid surface, which will
prevent the ball from bedding and taking false angles when it rebounds, as is
now the case.
AN IMPROVED COMB CLEANER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1859.-A communication from Hippolyte Gaudibert, of Paris.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANCOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMB CLEANER," a
communication, to be as follows:―
This comb cleaner is composed of a number of metallic blades (pieces of
watch spring, for instance,) set upright in a barp-shaped hand piece of wood,
vulcanite, or other suitable material. A cluster of bristles is fixed at the
upper end of this hand piece in such a way that on passing the blades
between the teeth of the comb, by a downward movement, the greasy matters
dislodged are completely carried off by the brush arrangement which follows
the track.
TAKING THE PLACE OF SPRINGS IN MANY, IF NOT ALL, OF THE COMBINATIONS INTO WHICH THEY ENTER, AND ALSO EQUILIBRATING A VARYING FORCE OR WEIGHT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William A. Lyttle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1859.
I, WILLIAM A. LYTTLE, of the Secretary's Department, General Post Office,
Ireland, (address) Secretary's Office, General Post Office, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "TAKING THE PLACE OF SPRINGS IN
MANY, IF NOT ALL, OF THE COMBINATIONS INTO WHICH THEY ENTER, AND ALSO
EQUILIBRATING A VARYING FORCE OR WEIGHT," to be as follows:-
Two levers A, B, C, and a, b, c, (Fig. 1) move upon axles as at B and b,
these axles being arranged in such a position that the arm of one lever may
move in contact with an arm of the other. These arms should be made of
such a shape that in touching one should be either a tangent to the other, as
in Fig. 2, or both be curves as in Figs. 1 & 3, and of any required length,
etc. This arrangement of levers may, according to the circumstances in which
it is used, be one of any one or several of the orders into which levers are
divided with respect to "power and resistance" or "weight and counterpoise,"
the only condition necessary being that when the powers applied to the lever
exercises its greatest, the resistance belonging to the other exercises its least
force. Their manner of action consists in applying to some point of one lever
as A, B, C, (Fig. 1, 2,) any force or resistance, and fixing to a point of the
other, as a, b, c, Fig. 1-2, a definite weight or definite counterpoising force of
any kind, for instance, at c (Fig. 1) the lever is weighted; while at c (Fig. 2)
it is actuated by a spring X. Both levers may if necessary carry fixed weights,

page_text: as in Fig. 1, where o is a constant weight action as a counterpoise to the
constant pressure or weight of the wagon, etc.
The following examples will shew the action of these levers, in which
consists the novelty and great utility of this Invention. At any points V or L
in the lever A, B, C, Fig. 1, 2, is attached the buffer of a railway carriage or
body of a wagon, etc, etc. The lever a, b, c, is forced in contact with A, B, C,
by weighting that extremity of it which is furthest from its own axle and
nearest that of the lever A, B, C. By this means when the lever A, B, C, is
moved by any of the above-named forces it furnishes, in connection with the
lever a, b, c, a spring-like resistance to such motion. The reason of this will
be easily seen by considering that when the arrangement is in a state of rest
the resistance at c is at its minimum, but upon c being pushed downwards or
so that A, B, C, assumes the position of the dotted lines Fig. 3, the point of
contact of the levers recedes from the axle (or fulcrum) at B, and approaches
that at b, giving by this means a progressively increasing "purchase" to the
counterpoise at c. In my model I have made the curvature of the levers
(which may be of any class) epicycloidal so as to diminish as much as possible
their sliding when moving one against the other.