Improvements in Kilns, more especially applicable to Cement Kilns.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 12th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 28th Feb., 1891
Improvements in Kilns, more especially applicable to Cement
Kilns.
I, GEORGE HENRY SKELSEY, of No. 121, High Street, Hull, in the County of
York, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in kilns, and is more especially applicable
to cement kilns, which term must be understood as including all kilns for burning
stuff such as cement-slurry, which is chiefly incombustible and requires a preliminary
drying or roasting.
The object of my invention, stated generally, is to make it possible to work a
kiln, of the class specified in the foregoing paragraph, continuously.
Cement kilns, as usually constructed, have been emptied, or dumped, through
openings made in their sides or bottoms, by manual labour; and, as a matter of
course, seeing that the workmen had to enter the hottest parts of the kilns-
dumping could only be done when the kiln was partially cool; and reloading could
not commence until such work was completed.
Now, according to my invention, I form the kiln-bottom of removable bars, at a
suitable level for providing a chamber or space underneath, of a proper capacity for
receiving the whole of the burnt contents of a kiln, by the action of gravity only.
Instead of constructing the kiln-bottom of continuous bars, I make each bar in
three, or other suitable number of, pieces or sections; the lines of section being
severally continuous, and, as a matter of convenience, parallel. The stationary
bands of sections are carried permanently upon girders, while the removable bands
of sections are supported, as to their inner ends, upon the said girders; and, as to
their outer ends, by any convenient device suitable for this part of my invention.
The special object of making the bars in three bands, or sets of sections, is to allow
of one or more of the bands being moved away, so as to produce openings through
which the kiln will dump itself. I do not confine myself to any particular
mechanism for effecting the moving away of the said bands, but may use any that
may be suitable. As one which I find suitable for the purpose, I instance a duplex
hand-wheel-and-worm gear adapted to move, in both directions, the support or
supports upon which the outer ends of the sections rest.
The bars, or aggregation of bars, i.e. gratings, may all be made in one piece, if
desired, and so as to drop; or they may be made in two pieces, without the fixed
section in the middle, as may be convenient.
Above this is a
floor made up of movable sections, preferably metal plates, carrying slurry, and
drying the same by reason of the heat derived from the gases penetrating the arch,
and which are subsequently led off to the chimney.
The top of the kiln is covered by a perforated fire-brick arch.
The main flues from the kiln-top are led away in a horizontal direction towards
the chimney shaft. The tops of the flues are made up of sections of metal plates to
form a drying floor. The parts of these horizontal flues which are next to the
kiln-top are protected by perforated arches of refractory material, thereby providing
for the communication of the flue-heat to the wet slurry on the floor, without
running the risk of buckling the plates which form it.
The flue under the remaining part of the floor may be of any well known
type.
Such a kiln as above described, after its contents are burned, can be discharged
automatically by merely turning the necessary hand wheels, and dropping the bars,
which fall with the charge, and be buried underneath it.
Duplicate bars may then be placed in position on the bearers, and the kiln may

page_text: be reloaded at once, thus rendering the working nearly continuous, and giving a much
more reasonable time than heretofore for the burnt products to cool before being
further handled or treated, while the actual number of charges drawn per annum is
materially increased.
Dated this 10th day of s 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns, more especially applicable to Cement
Kilns.
I, GEORGE HENRY SKELSEY, of No. 121, High Street, Hull, in the County of
York, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in kilns ; and is more especially applicable
to cement kilns, which term must be understood as including all kilns for burning
stuff such as cement-slurry, which is chiefly incombustible and requires a pre-
liminary drying or roasting.
The object of my invention, stated generally, is to make it possible to work
a kiln, of the class specified in the foregoing paragraph, continuously.
Cement kilns, as usually constructed, have been emptied, or dumped, by manual
labour, through openings made in their sides or bottoms; and, as a matter of
course, seeing that the workmen had to enter the hottest parts of the kilns-
dumping could only be done when the kiln was partially cool; and reloading
could not commence until such work had been completed.
Now, according to my invention, I form the kiln-bottom of removable bars, at
a suitable level for providing a chamber or space underneath, of a proper
capacity for receiving the whole of the burnt contents of a kiln, by the action
of gravity only. Instead of constructing the kiln-bottom of continuous bars,
I make each bar in three, or other suitable number of, pieces or sections;
the lines of section being severally continuous, and, as a matter of convenience
parallel. The stationary bands of sections are carried permanently upon girders,
while the removable bands of sections are supported, as to their inner ends, upon
the said girders; and, as to their outer ends, by any convenient device suitable
for this part of my invention. The special object of making the bars in three
bands or sets of sections, is to allow of one or more of the bands being moved away,
so as to produce openings through which the kiln will dump itself. I do not
confine myself to any particular mechanism for effecting the moving away of the
said bands, but may use any that may be suitable. As one which I find suitable
for the purpose, I instance a duplex hand-wheel-and-worm gear adapted to move,
in both directions, the support or supports upon which the outer ends of the
sections rest.
The bars, or aggregation of bars, i.e., gratings, may all be made in one piece, if
desired, and so as to drop; or they may be made in two pieces without the fixed
section in the middle, as may be convenient.
The top of the kiln is covered by a perforated fire-brick arch. Above this is
a floor made up of movable sections, preferably metal plates, upon which slurry
can be spread and dried by the heat derived from the gases which have passed the
arch, and are being led off to the chimney.
The main flues from the kiln-top are led away in a horizontal direction towards
the chimney shaft. The tops of the flues are made up of sections of metal plates
to form a drying floor. The parts of these horizontal flues which are next to the
kiln-top are protected by perforated arches of refractory material, thereby providing
for the communication of the flue-heat to the wet slurry on the floor, without
running the risk of buckling the plates which form it.

page_text: The flue under the remaining part of the floor may be of any well known type.
Such a kiln as above described, after its contents are burned, can be discharged
automatically by merely turning the necessary hand wheels, and dropping the bars,
which fall with the charge and lie buried underneath it.
Duplicate bars may then be placed in position on the bearers, and the kiln may
be reloaded at once thus rendering the working nearly continuous, and giving a much
more reasonable time than has been practicable heretofore for the burnt products to
cool before being further handled or treated, while the actual number of charges
drawn per annum is materially increased.
In order that my invention, and the means by which the same is to be carried
into practical effect, may be thoroughly understood, I will now describe them in
detail, referring in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are to be taken as
part of this Specification and read therewith.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation through the centre of a kiln and horizontal flue.
Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation through the centre of a kiln.
Fig. 3 is a plan of the improved kiln bottom.
A is the kiln; and B, the chamber under the bottom. The latter is shewn as
built пр of separate bars or sections e arranged in three bands, but, as far as my
invention is concerned, cach section may be made in one piece.
The central band D is fixed upon the bearers e which are built into the sides of
the kiln.
F, F are the outer bands. Their inner sides rest upon the bearers e, but are not
fixed thereto. Their outer sides rest upon bearers G, G.
The central band D may be dispensed with and the outer bands F F made to
meet upon a single central bearer if preferred.
The mechanism for producing openings in the kiln-bottom illustrated in the
figures is one which gives satisfactory results, but it may be modified to any extent,
provided that the production of the said openings is effectually provided for.
The bearers G, G are movable to and from the central bearer, or bearers,
upon fixed guides H, H. I, I are pairs of screws working in fixed nuts i, i.
The noses of the screws are connected to the respective bearers in any convenient
way provided that, as the screws are rotated by means of the hand wheels J, J,
the bearers will be pulled backwards, or moved forwards, according to the direction
in which the screws are turned. The hand wheels may be geared together if,
and as, preferred.
K is the perforated arch forming the roof of the kiln. L, L are the horizontal
main flues. Their arched roofs are perforated also. These roofs are of any
suitable refractory material.
M, M are the drying floors. They are of any suitable material, but are not
perforated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a kiln-bottom adapted to be moved away in toto or in
part from its normal position, with a chamber into which the cement will then
fall, as set forth.
2. The combination of perforated refractory roof of kiln and flues with unper-
forated drying floors, as and for the purpose set forth.
3. Working kilns continuously, as compared with the practice heretofore followed,
to the extent of dispensing with the period of rest heretofore necessary to allow of
the kiln cooling, as set forth.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.