improvements in Sleepers and als TOT Hallways.
Year: 1885

page_text: improvements in Sleepers and als TOT
Hallways.
I, JAMES RILEY, General Manager to The Steel Company of Scotland, Limited,
of 150 Hope Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS AND
CHAIRS FOR RAILWAYS to be as follows, that is to say :-
"
My said Invention bas for its object the manufacture of sleepers and chairs in an
improved and simplified manner; and in carrying it out I form the sleepers and
chairs by rolling and stamping or pressing processes out of steel or wrought iron,
the sleepers being of the transverse "inverted-trough" kind, and having the chairs
formed upon them.
A plate is first rolled of a suitable length and width, of a flat or nearly flat form,
and of a uniform cross section, or of a cross section having a convex form or which
is otherwise varied. At each part where a chair is to be formed two deep
corrugations are made across the plate either when rolling the plate or sub-
sequently, and afterwards the plate is subjected to end pressure whilst suitable dies
or formers are applied on opposite sides of the plate at the corrugations so as to
throw up and fold the corrugated parts in a manner to form the chair jaws. The
desired shaping may be effected in this way at two or more stages. The sizes of
the chair jaws in the direction of the rails are determined by slits formed parallel
to the sides of the sleeper before the corrugations are folded, and the parts of the
corrugations at the outer sides of these slits are folded down upon the sleeper plate
and serve to strengthen it near the chair part. The plate is next subjected to a
pressing or stamping operation whereby the inverted-trough like form is given to
it, the sides being bended downwards, whilst the ends are by preference made
to assume a splayed form to give more bearing surface on the ballast. The bottom
of the chair part between the jaws may, if necessary be strengthened by the metal
being originally rolled of extra thickness of that part, and the jaws may be
strengthened by corrugations or ribs formed on them by suitable dies used in
converting the corrugations into the jaw form.

page_text: Instead of commencing the shaping processes for the formation of the chairs with
the transverse corrugations as herein before described, the plate may be rolled
with increased thicknesses of metal at the chair parts, the jaws being subsequently
formed out of these thickened parts by suitable dies worked preferably by means
of hydraulic cylinders.
The steel or iron used in forming the combined sleepers and chairs is heated if
necessary preparatory to undergoing any of the shaping processes.
The chair jaws may be shaped to suit the double-headed or I-rail or to suit the
flat-bottomed or Vignoles rail.
Dated this thirty-first day of December 1884

page_text: Improvements in Sleepers and Chairs for Railways.
I, JAMES RILEY General Manager to The Steel Company of Scotland, Limited
of 150 Hope Street Glasgow in the County of Lanark, North Britain do hereby
declare the nature of this invention for and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention has for its object the manufacture of sleepers and chairs in
an improved and simplified manner; and in carrying it out I form the sleepers
and chairs by rolling and stamping or pressing processes out of steel or wrought
iron, the sleepers being of the transverse "inverted-trough" kind, and having the
chairs formed upon them.
A plate is first rolled of a suitable length and width, of a flat or nearly flat form,
and of a uniform cross section, or of a cross section having a convex form or which
is otherwise varied. At each part where a chair is to be formed two deep
corrugations are made across the plate either when rolling the plate or subsequently,
and afterwards the plate is subjected to end pressure whilst suitable dies or formers
are applied on opposite sides of the plate at the corrugations so as to throw up and
fold the corrugated parts in a manner to form the chair jaws. The desired shaping
may be effected in this way at two or more stages.
The sizes of the chair jaws in the direction of the rails are determined in some
cases by slits formed parallel to the sides of the sleeper before the corrugations are
folded, and the parts of the corrugations at the outer sides of these slits are folded
down upon the sleeper plate and serve to strengthen it near the chair part. The
plate is next subjected to a pressing or stamping operation whereby the inverted-
trough like form is given to it, the sides being bended downwards, whilst the ends
are by preference made to assume a splayed form to give more bearing surface on
the ballast. The bottom of the chair part between the jaws may, if necessary be
strengthened by the metal being originally rolled of extra thickness at that part,
and the jaws may be strengthened by corrugations or ribs formed on them by
suitable dies used in converting the corrugations into the jaw form.
Instead of commencing the shaping processes for the formation of the chairs
with the transverse corrugations as herein before described, the plate may be rolled
with increased thicknesses of metal at the chair parts, the jaws being subsequently
formed out of these thickened parts by suitable dies worked preferably by means
of hydraulic cylinders.
The steel or iron used in forming the combined sleepers and chairs is heated if
necessary preparatory to undergoing any of the shaping processes.
The chair jaws may be shaped to suit the double-headed or I-rail or to suit the
flat-bottomed or Vignoles rail.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append two sheets of explanatory drawings
to be hereinafter referred to and representing examples of my improved combined
railway sleepers and chairs in different stages of their manufacture,

page_text: Figures 1, to 5, on sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings show the formation
of the chair out of the metal of the sleeper without cutting the sleeper at any
part whilst figures, 6, to 10, on sheet, 2, show a modification in which the
formation of the chair is facilitated by cutting slits in the sleeper.
Figure, 1, is a longitudinal vertical section of the part of a sleeper on which one
of the chairs is to be formed, and figure, 2, is a transverse vertical section, the left-
hand half as at A-A, and the right-hand half as at B-B in figure, 1. The sleeper
is made of the form and varying thicknesses shown, by suitably shaped rolls.
Figure, 3, is a longitudinal vertical section and figure, 4, is a transverse vertical
section showing the shapes of the parts after the sleeper has passed through the
second stage of the process, in which shaping and compressing dies are made to
operate, and in which hydraulic machinery is by preference used. Figure, 5, is a
longitudinal vertical section showing the finished shapes of the parts as adapted
for a rail of I-section. The shapes may be easily modified to suit Vignoles or other
forms of rails. The extra thickness originally given to the sides, S, of the sleeper
as shown in figures, 1, and 2, is found in practice to facilitate the proper distribution
of the metal in the subsequent shaping processes.
In the modified process illustrated by figures, 6, to 10, a plate of a suitable size
and which may be of uniform thickness has four slits, C, made through it at each
part at which a chair is to be formed, as shown in plan in figure, 6; and then the
parts, D, between the slits are by suitable dies and compressing apparatus, bended
and doubled to form the jaws, J, of the chair, as shown in plan in figure, 7, and in
sectional side elevation in figure, 8, the rail and key being shown in position
in the latter figure. The parts, E, F, at the outer and inner sides of the parts, D,
are brought closer together in the shaping processes, and the lateral parts, G, are
folded or doubled in the manner indicated in figures, 7, and 8. Or the parts, G,
may be cut across as indicated by the dotted lines H, in figure, 6, and then the
parts between the lines, H, may be placed over and riveted upon the parts which
are originally outside of those lines but brought together during the shaping
processes. This modification is shown in figure, 9. Figure, 10, is a sectional side
elevation similar to figure, 8, but as modified to suit a Vignoles rail.
| Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The forming of combined sleepers and. chairs for railways by rolling and
stamping or pressing processes out of steel or wrought iron plates in the improved
manner substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The improved mode of forming combined sleepers and chairs for railways
substantially in the manner herein before described with reference to figures 1 to 5,
of the accompanying drawings.
3. The improved mode of forming combined sleepers and chairs for railways
substantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described with reference to
figures 6 to 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this twenty-ninth day of September 1885.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.