IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WEAVING OR MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE ASTRACHAN CLOTHS
Year: 1884

page_text: We WILLIAM IRELAND and John Edward ThurmanN Manufacturers and PETER
MORTIMER Manager all of the Sand Area and Low Mills Kendal in the County of
Westmorland do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE WEAVING OR MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE ASTRACHAN CLOTHS to be as
follows:-
:
These Improvements relate to Astrachan cloths and have for their object the
weaving or manufacture of such cloth with a similar curly surface on each side.
In carrying out our Invention we float under or over two or more warp ends
regularly or irregularly and make the floats succeed each other in the sanie
direction or alternately over and under and we may pass the weft under or over
one warp end or alternately under and over two or more warp ends between each
float.
:
"
'
The following example is a type of the simplest method of weaving according to
our Improvements.
First Pick under seven over one under one, over one, under one, over one.
Second Pick under one over one under one over one under one over one under
six.
Third Pick over six, under one, over one, under one, over one, under one, over
onc.
H
Fourth Pick under one, over one, under one over one under one over seven.
The four picks form a series which are repeated missing one end between each'
series until the round of forty eight picks is comploted.
..
The weft may float over any number of onds other than seven and the series of
picks may include more or less than four.
A cloth giving more uniform surfaces may be woven as follows :—
First Pick over three, under two, over one, under two, over three, under two,
over one, under two, over one, under one over one, under two, over one under two,
over three under two over one under two.
The third, fifth, seventh and ninth picks are the same as the first.
Second Pick under one, over one, under two, over three, under two, over one,
under two, over three, under five, over three, under two, over one, under two, over
three, under one.
The fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth picks are the same as the second.

page_text: Eleventh Pick: over two under one over two under three over three under two
over one under two over one under one over one under two over one under two
over three under two over one under two.
Twelfth Pick: over ono, under three, over two, under one, over one, under one,
over one, under two, over three, under five, over three, under two, over one, under
two, over three, under ono.
Thirteenth Pick: over two under one over two under three over two under one
over two under three over one under one over one under two over one under two
over three under two over one under two.
Fourteenth Pick: over one, under three, over two, under one, over two, under
three, over two, under one, over one, under four, over three, under two, over one,
under two, over three, under one.
Fifteenth Pick: over two, under one, over two, under three, over two, under one,
over two, under three, over two, under one, over two, under three, over three,
under two, over one, under two.
Sixteenth Pick: over one, under three, over two, under one, over two, under
threo, over two, under one, over two, under three, over two, under one, over one,
-under one, over one, under two, over-three,-under_one.
Seventeenth Pick: over two, under one, over-two, under three, over two,-under-
one, over two, under three, over two, under one, over two, under three, over two,
under one, over two, under three.
The nineteenth, twenty first, twenty third and twenty fifth picks are the same
as-the-seventeenth. ____
Eighteenth Pick: over one, under three, over-two,-under one, over two, under
three, over two, under one; -over two, under three, over two, under one, over two,
under three, over two, under one, over one.
The twentieth, twentysecond, twenty-fourth_and_twenty sixth picks aro the
same as the eighteenth.
Twenty seventh Pick: over threo, under two, over one, under two, over two,
under one, over two under three, over two, under one, over two under three, over
two, under one, over two, under three.
Twenty eighth Pick: under one, over one, under two, over three, under one,
over one, under three, over two, under one, over two, under three, over two, undor
one, over two, under three, over two, under one, over one.
Twenty ninth Pick: over three, under two, over one under two, over three, under
two, over one, under two, over two, under one, over two, under three, over two,
under one, over two, under three.
Thirtieth Pick: under one, over one, under two, over three, under two, over one,
under two, over threo, under ono, over ono, under three, over two, under one, over
two, under three, over two, under one, over ono.
Thirty first Pick: over three, under two, over one, under two, over three, under
two, over one, under two, over three, under two, over one, under two, over two,
under one, over two, under three.
Thirty second Pick: under one, over one, under two, over three, under two, over
one, under two over, three under, two, over, oue, under two, over three, under one,
over one, under three, over two, under one over onc

page_text: We, WILLIAM IRELAND and JOHN EDWARD THURMAN Manufacturers and PETER
MORTIMER Manager all of the Sand Area and Low Mille Kondal in the County
of Westmorland, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE WEAVING OR MANUFACTURE OF REVERSIBLE ASTRACHAN CLOTHS and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
:
These Improvements relate to Astrachan cloths and have for their object tho
weaving or inanufacture of such cloth with a similar curly surface on each side.
And in order that this our Invention may be more readily understood and
carried into effect we have hereunto appended two sheets of diagrams referenco
being hereinafter mado thereto.
In carrying out our Invention we float over or under two or more warp threads
in succession, regularly or irregularly in the same or alternately in different direc-
Lions and between each float we may pass the weft under or over one warp thread
or alternately under and over two or more warp ends that is to say we may
interpose between the floats, any desired number of picks of a plain cloth weave as
shown for example in the first and second picks of Fig 3.
The following example illustrated in the Diagram Fig 2 is a type of the simplest
method of weaving reversible Astrachans according to our Improvements. Fig 2b
is the Draft of Diagram Fig 2.
First Pick under seven over one under one over one under one, over one.
Second Pick under one, over one, under one, over one, under one, over one,
under six.
Third Pick over six, under one, over one under one, over one; under one, over
one.
:
.
Fourth Pick under one, over one, under one, over one, under one, over seven.
The four picks form a series which are repeated, missing one thread between
each series until the round of forty eight picks is completed.
The weft may float over any number of threads other than seven and each series
of picks may include more or less than four.
The Diagram Fig 1 of which Fig 1a is the Cheek and Fig 16 the Draft_illus-
trates the method of weaving a reversible Astrachan having more regular or
uniform surfaces.
First Pick over three, under two, over one, under two, over three, under two,
over one, under two, over one, under one, over one, under two, over one, under
two, over three under two, over one, under two.
The third, fifth, seventh and ninth picks are the same as the first.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is
Weaving reversible Astrachans or Astrachans having similar curly faces on each
surface substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and set forth and as
illustrated on the accompanying sheets of Diagrams,

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