matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW GAME TO BE PLAYED WITH BALLS AND CUES OR OTHER MEDIA FOR PROPELLING THE SAID BALLS, AND ALSO FOR THE PECULIAR CONSTRUCTION OF THE TABLE ON WHICH THE SAME IS PLAYED, TOGETHER WITH THE SEVERAL MECHANICAL APPLIANCES AND FIGURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harcourt Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1867.
I, JOHN HARCOURT BROWN, of Exeter Hotel, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW GAME TO BE PLAYED WITH BALLS AND CUES OR OTHER MEDIA FOR
PROPELLING THE SAID BALLS, AND ALSO FOR THE PECULIAR CONSTRUCTION OF THE
TABLE ON WHICH THE SAME IS PLAYED, TOGETHER WITH THE SEVERAL MECHANICAL
APPLIANCES AND FIGURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new game denominated the queen and her
court, which game is played with balls and cues or other propelling media on
a table formed with any required number of holes, somewhat after the con-
struction of a bagatelle board, only that the balls fall completely through into
a chamber underneath upon an inclined plane. In front or behind each of
these holes are second holes or openings closed by a metal or other lid, trap,
or door flush with the playing surface of the board. When the balls played
with fall through the holes they act upon levers attached to the covering lids
or trap doors just described and raise the same, which turn on hinges and
allow figures placed under each cover and acted upon by springs to be raised
through the opening. The balls themselves run along the inclined plane to
the front of the board, where they are taken out to be used again. Pins are
fixed in front of each hole and in any other desired position so as to make the

page_text: game more or less difficult, and a channel or guide a little wider than the
diameter of the ball used is formed all round the board, except a short distance
at the top, which is open to allow the balls to pass round the channel or to be
dropped through holes therein and so run down the inclined plane before
described. The top corners of the board are partitioned off and money or
counter boxes placed therein, small figures of soldiers being placed round the
same to represent a guard. The arrangement of the figures of the queen and
court which rise when the covering lid or trap door is raised may be varied
as desired, but I prefer to place the queen at the front. For each of the
several figures of personages raised any arranged amount of money or number
of counters is or are payed to the player from the money box or treasury, but
when the queen is raised the player receives the whole sum in the box,
and when no figure is raised a fine or forfeit is imposed which is payed into the
money box or treasury.
AN IMPROVED SHOE FOR PILES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hollingsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May 1867.
I, HENRY HOLLINGSWORTH, of Strood, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHOE FOR PILES,"
to be as follows:-
The objects of this improvement are, firstly, to get a more certain foundation
where piles are used for that purpose; secondly, a great saving of time, labour,
and power in driving. These objects are attained in the following manner,
that is to say-The shoe is made longer than the ordinary shoe, and upon
the upper part thereof is a projection or swelling larger than the body of the
pile, which projection or swelling clears the way for the pile as it is driven,
thereby greatly reducing the friction on the sides of the same and allowing it
to be driven home with greater ease than hitherto, and more certainty of its
resting on a solid foundation. The shape and size of the swelling or pro-
jection depends to great extent upon the nature of the ground it may be
used upon.
It is estimated that the use of piles with these shoes will effect a
saving of more than fifty per cent. in time, power, and labour required to
drive the ordinary pile. The foot of the pile is fitted into the shoe and secured
with one or more bolts or pins passing through the pile and rivetted to the
shoe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Buhrer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1867.
I, JACOB BUHRER, of Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, but now of
Keppel Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in generating steam by bringing continually a very
thin layer of water in jets, streams, or spray upon a very hot metallic surface,
whereby the water is continually and immediately converted into steam by
the heat of the metallic surface. The steam thus generated may be employed
in steam engines, in steam washing and dyeing apparatus, and otherwise.
In carrying out this Invention I take a tube, by preference, cylindro-
conical, and suspend it in a proportionately intense fire; this tube is steam-
tight at the top, but a steam eduction pipe leads from it. A narrow pipe
provided with a cock leads the water to be evaporated from a convenient
reservoir into the upper part of the conical tube, a pump being used for this
purpose if required; this narrow pipe terminates in a number of sinall
openings, preferably in a ring, into which the end of the pipe leads, so that
the feed water is spread over the surface of the conical tube in a highly
divided state. A second pipe leading up from near the bottom of the conical

page_text: tube serves to lead off any water which may accumulate in the bottom of the
conical steam tube into a convenient reservoir, the steam pressure being
sufficient to force it through the pipe; all danger of explosion is thus prevented.
Any number of steam-generating tubes acting as just explained may be
combined according to the power or amount of steam required.
THE USE OF OF ALL KIND OF INDUSTRY, CALLED THE PERPETUAL MOVEMENT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Joseph Bastin and Louis
Anatole Baum at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th May 1867.
We, JACQUES JOSEPH BASTIN and LOUIS ANATOLE BAUM, of No. 5, Rue
Marty, at Charenton le Pont, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE USE OF OF ALL KIND OF INDUSTRY, CALLED THE
PERPETUAL MOVEMENT," to be as follows:-
This machine or apparatus is of triangular form, and has for motrical power
the pression and force of a weight which keep continually raizing a smaller
one, which is what constitue and produce its perpetual movement. Its march
cannot be empeach by anny shoocks of anny kind whatever. Any system of
escapement known can be applied and regulate its march and direct it at will.
All kinds of connections can be applied to it according to the wants required.
It can also be adapted to clocks.
AIRED FEED WATER ARRANGEMENT FOR THE TENDERS OR WATER TANKS OF LOCOMOTE ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1867. A communication from abroad by Charles Schau; of
Neustadt, in the Empire of Austria.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents; 66; Chancery Lane;
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AIRED FEED WATER ARRANGEMENT
FOR THE TENDERS OR WATER TANKS OF LOCOMOTE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
By the arrangements hitherto employed for heating the water in tenders the
steam from the locomotive boiler has been admitted at the same place from
which water for the feed apparatus of the locomotive is taken; this is,
however, attended with inconvenience.
Now the present Invention refers to a mode of heating the water at a part
which lies at some distance from the place at which the feed water is taken
from the tender. The pipe which connects the engine and tender before
entering into the tender branches into two pipes with the same inner
transverse section. Each branch is provided with a suitable cock or valve,
or a two-way cock may serve to unite the branches with or cut them off from
the main pipe, of which they are parts. The branch pipes enter the tender at
opposite sides, or at a convenient distance apart, and most preferably con-
siderably below the water line. Thus steam may be admitted through one of
the branch pipes into the tender on one side and feed water discharged
through the second branch pipe into the boiler. By arranging the pipes so

page_text: that one extends through the water space to near the hinder end of the tender,
and providing suitable cocks, the feed water may be drawn from the hinder
end of the tender and steam let in at the front end, or steam may be admitted
at the hinder end and water drawn from the front end, thus ensuring a
thorough distribution of heat through the water in the tender. The ends of
the water tubes in the tender retaining the present cock and valve arrange-
ment for regulating and shutting off the water may each be furnished with a
valve (inside the tender); one of these will open outwards at a pressure of
6 inches water height, admitting water from the water space into the tender
tube, but will shut off communication when exposed to a greater counteracting
pressure than the pressure of the water at the bottom of the filled tender.
This valve may be termed the water valve. Between the water valve and
the tender tube or pipe leading to the boiler is a pipe of the same inside
diameter as the latter, which pipe is led to the far end of the water space,
having at its free end within the tender a valve that is usually closed by the
downward pressure of the water in the tank. This valve, termed the steam
valve, will open when steam is admitted to the under side of the valve, and
allow the steam to enter the tank and warm the feed water contained
therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dunbar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th Aprit
1867.
I, JAMES DUNBAR, of Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, in the City
of Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS," to be as
follows:-
For this purpose I erect a framework in which is a number of panels, each
arranged on a pivot or hinge and provided with a weight, which by descending
tends to cause the panel to turn on its pivots or hinges, but it is restrained by
a suitable bolt or stop; other motive power may be used for the same object.
The panels have advertisements upon them on both sides, and at the top of
the framework or in other convenient position is a clock, which every quarter
of an hour or at other convenient interval withdraws from each panel the bolt
or stop which restrained it, and allows it to make a half turn on its pivots or
hinges, and then the panel exposes its other side and exhibits the adver-
tisements which were previously hidden; other means may be adopted for
turning the panels. All the panels in the advertisement frame may be
arranged to turn simultaneously, or the panels may be arranged to turn, say
one by one, or one after the other, as may be preferred. The actuating
weights are wound up from time to time in the same way as clock weights.
In this way a great economy of advertising space is effected.

page_text: Also according to my Invention I fix upon the wheels of vehicles discs or
plates, on which are mounted letters or figures to form an advertisement in
such manner that each letter or figure can turn independently on a pivot fixed
to the disc or plate, and the letters or figures are weighted so as to remain
always upright although the wheel rotates; or in place of arranging the
letters or figures to revolve independently the disc itself bearing a printed,
painted, or other advertisement may be mounted so as to remain perpendicular
while the wheel revolves; or such a disc may be arranged to revolve together
with the wheel. Wheels carrying advertisements arranged according to my
Invention may be fitted with handles and moved about in public places by men
who will thus be relieved from carrying the advertising boards now commonly
used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS FOR BUILDINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Moreland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1867.
I, RICHARD MORELAND, junior, of Old Street, St. Luke's, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
FLOORS FOR BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of floors
for buildings. For this purpose a number of curved or bow and string
wrought-iron lattice girder joists are laid at distances apart upon wrought iron
girders supported upon the walls of the building or otherwise. A number
of laths of wood or other material are then laid on the upper or curved surface
of the lattice joists passing from joist to joist. These laths are not laid close
together but with spaces between them of about one-half the thickness of the
laths; concrete or brickwork or other material is then laid on these laths and
brought to a flat surface, and the floor joists are then laid on or embedded in
the concrete and then boarded in the usual way. The ceiling joists are secured
to the lower or horizontal bars of the lattice joists, and the laths secured and
plastered in the usual way.
The lattice joists are conveniently constructed as follows:-A bar of angle
iron of the required length is bent to the curve of the top of the joist, and is
rivetted at its ends to two straight angle irons; vertical bars are rivetted at
intervals to connect the curved and the straight angle irons; a bar or bars
of flat iron are employed to connect diagonally the several vertical bars.
The formation of the girders may be varied by rivetting a curved piece of

page_text: angle iron on either side of an ordinary joist or girder. The advantages
secured by this construction are the air space between the ceiling and the
under side of the concrete, whereby the floor is rendered more impervious
to sound, and the retention of air in the space hinders fire from rapidly
penetrating the construction. The lattice joists form a permanent centreing
to the arches above them, and the arches have no thrust while they are
supported.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TOBACCO POUCHES, PURSES, CIGAR CASES, AND BAGS OF VARIOUS KINDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raoul Paul Faucheux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1867.
I, RAOUL PAUL FAUCHEUX, of Paris, in the Empire of France, but at
present residing at Caversham Road, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TOBACCO POUCHES, PURSES, CIGAR CASES, AND BAGS OF VARIOUS KINDS,'
to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in tobacco pouches, purses,
cigar cases, and bags of various kinds, and relates to means whereby such
articles are readily opened and closed. For this purpose I fix on each side of
the opening of such articles a flat steel or other suitable spring, such springs
being connected together at their ends in any suitable manner, so that by
pressing upon the ends thereof the tobacco pouch or other article is opened,
and by relieving the springs from pressure the mouth of such article is
closed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REFINING CAMPHов
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1867. A communication from abroad by Charles Emile Perret, Chemist,
of No. 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR
REFINING CAMPHов," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in refining camphor by a process of distillation and
by running the same while in a fluid state into moulds, instead of by the process
of sublimation beretofore employed, whereby the cost of manufacture is greatly
reduced. For this purpose the crude camphor is placed in an alembic provided
at its upper open extremity with a dome shaped cover fitting into a trough
shaped rim on the alembic. This vessel with its cover is enclosed in a
chamber filled with sand and is heated by a fire; when the temperature has
been raised to the melting point of the camphor, the vapour thereof in rising
solidifies upon the cover so long as the temperature thereof is not raised above
347° Fabrenheit. The temperature of the alembic is however quickly raised
to from 400° to 412°, and the vapour of camphor at this temperature in
rising to the cover melts the solid camphor previously deposited, and in
condensing with it the resulting liquid camphor flows down into the trough
shaped rim, whence it passes through a spout maintained at a temperature
of 385° into moulds also enclosed in a compartment of the beated chamber

page_text: and heated to 212° before being introduced therein. The moulds may be of
any suitable form, and are by preference made in halves so as to open out for
the facility of removing the camphor when solidified. The interior of the
mould is first provided with a coating composed of potter's earth and glue in
order to close the crevices at the joints, and this is then covered with a
coating composed of lime water and glue which allows the camphor to
separate readily from the mould. In some cases the process of distillation
may be employed in any suitable ordinary form of retort heated as described
without the particular arrangement described for running the liquid camphor
into moulds. In either case a great saving in time and cost of apparatus as
also a great simplification of the process is effected as compared with the old
process of sublimation.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN ORNAMENTING COLLARS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND WRISTBANDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1867.
I, JOHN EDWARD SMITH, of 158, High Street, Southwark, trading under
the style of J. E. Smith and Company, Wholesale Shirt and Collar Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN ORNAMENTING COLLARS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND WRISTBANDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in ornamenting collars, shirt fronts, and wristbands
with ornamental designs or figures in the following manner :-The designs or
figures are printed on material and cut out therefrom; I then stick the figures
or designs by adhesive material, such as gum, to the parts to be ornamented;
thus in the case of linen finished paper collars I stick to the front of the
collar a design on each side of the button holes, or designs may extend all
round. I stick designs to shirt fronts and wristbands in a similar manner,
and in this way collars, shirt fronts, and wristbands are highly ornamented
and improved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Crawshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1867.
I, ROBERT CRAWSHAW, of Colne, in the County of Lancaster, Shuttle Peg
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of forming and securing the
"Jump" or enlarged part of the tongue or peg of shuttles thereon. When cast
iron is to be used in the formation of such lump or enlarged part the practice
now is to secure such to the tongue or peg by means of brazing, a tedious and
expensive process.
My improvements consist in casting such lumps on the tongues or pegs,
whereby I effect a great saving in time and cost of production, and also the
important advantage of being enabled to apply any degree of heat to the
tongue or peg in the "tempering" thereof, without danger of loosening the
lump as in brazed work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND OXIDISING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF PRODUCING CHLORINE
Year: 1867

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham, Baggs at, the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 6th, November
1867.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
AND OXIDISING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF PRODUCING CHLORINE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in converting the suboxides of manganese,
whether natural or artificial, and from whatever source they may be obtained,
into peroxide, or in imparting a higher state of oxidation thereto than they
have previously possessed.
In the case of artificial suboxide of manganese this conversion is effected
by causing it to absorb as much oxygen as possible from atmospheric air, the
oxidation being then completed by either exposing the material under treat-
ment to the action of waste bleach liquor, or to the waste gases of a vitriol
chamber with a proper supply of atmospheric air.
Another method is to expose the partially oxidised manganese to the
vapours of nitric acid and other suitable compounds of oxygen and nitrogen
with a proper supply of atmospheric air, as commonly done in a vitriol
chamber, in such manner that the composition and decomposition of the com-
binations of oxygen and nitrogen are consecutively repeated, the superoxidation
of the manganese being thereby effected by means of a comparatively small
quantity of nitrous or nitric acid vapours.

page_text: The superoxidising processes previously described are also applicable to the
natural ores of manganese (when the same are sufficiently disintegrated, com-
minuted, or mechanically reduced) as, for example, braunite, manganite, and
hausmanite, and even when found native, as in manganese blende, such ores
being first reduced to the state of oxide by methods of chemical treatment
well understood,
In subjecting any artificial oxide to the higher oxidising influence of
atmospheric air, as first above mentioned, it should be so arranged as to cover
an extended surface, or a moving wheel or other analogous contrivance is
caused to dip a certain depth in the mass to be oxidised, so as by its move.
ments continually to expose a fresh surface to the air, whilst a strong draught
or blast plays upon it. Any oxide of manganese may also be acted upon
directly by nitric or nitrous acids, or any mixture thereof.
In preparing the oxide of manganese from still liquors after the manufacture
of chlorine, air is first blown through the liquors, or a portion of sulphite or
byposulphite of soda or other deoxidising substance is added thereto in order
to get rid of the superfluous chlorine,
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDGES, PIERS, AND LANDING STAGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Nathan Maynard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1867.
I, HENRY NATHAN MAYNARD, of the Viaduct Works, Crumlin, in the
County of Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRIDGES, PIERS, AND LANDING STAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention bas reference to bridges, piers, and landing stages in which
a portion or the whole of the roadway and the supports therefor have to be
removed at times to allow of the free navigation of the river or other water
which they span or into which they project.
My Invention consists in so connecting the piers or supports to hydraulic
rams fixed in the bed of the river that on working these by means of pipes
from the shore the piers or supports are either raised to the requisite height
for supporting the roadway of the bridge or other structure, or they are
lowered down level or nearly so with the bed of the river when it is desired
to make a free roadway for the navigation. When the pier or support has been
raised to its full height it is supported either by suitable locking bolts made to.
project therefrom into recesses in the foundation, or it may be supported in
any other suitable manner. I prefer to form such piers or supports of hollow
metallic cylinders which are made to sink into and rise out of the foundations
by a telescopic arrangement, another metallic cylinder being by preference

page_text: sunk into the foundation of a depth equal to the height of the pier, in which
cylinder is fixed the hydraulic ram. The roadway may be supported by a
number of these telescopic supports placed in a row, and the several parts
thereof may also be made to slide back into each other by a telescopic
arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING OR ATTACHING THE SAME TO HORSES' Hoors
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Philcox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1867.
I, GEORGE PHILCOX, of 87, Cleveland Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORSE-SHOES AND IN THE METHOD OF FIXING OR ATTACHING THE SAME TO HORSES'
Hoors," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a permanent shoe and wearing shoe to be fixed
on the horse's hoof without nails or screws entering the hoof.
The permanent shoe is fixed on the hoof with two bands coming from the
hind part of the shoe to the front of the hoof, screwed together with a screw;
the shoe is made in two pieces, to the shape of the hoof, with a joint to open and
close to the shape of the hoof, fixed or held together with an iron plate across
the shoe, and two frogs or clips to hold on the front of the hoof. The wearing
shoe is screwed on the permanent shoe, and when worn thin can be taken off,
the permanent shoe released to pare the hoof if required, and a new one replaced.
The horse would not be required to go to the forge to be shod, but the shoer
can go to the stable and measure the hoof and make the permanent shoe. The
wearing shoe may be put on or taken off by the horsekeeper, groom, or other
person. The wearing shoe screws on to the permanent shoe with six screws,
the heads of the screws being countersunk into the wearing shoe.
This Invention will be of great advantage, both for comfort and ease to the
animal, also of great advantage to the owners of horses.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SHIPS' COMPASSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Franklin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1867.
I, GEORGE FRANKLIN, of 18, Cannon Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO SHIPS' COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements applicable to ships' com-
passes. In constructing steering compasses I employ an inverted card, that
is to say, a compass card with the points marked upon it on the under side;
below the card and in front of it I mount an inclined mirror so as to reflect
the light from the card to the eye of the steersman, who looking in the
direction of the mirror sees an image of the card in a vertical or nearly
vertical position with the point which marks the direction of the ships' head
uppermost. The card is lighted by means of side glasses which at night
have lamps set in front of them. The inclination of the mirror is made
adjustable so that the instrument may be set to suit any distance from the
wheel at which it may be placed. For the standard compass I also employ
an inverted card so that it may be read from the under side, and I furnish
the box of the compass with guides, and these guides are arranged to slide
on guide rods which are conveniently fixed at the front of the mizzen mast,

page_text: but they may be otherwise placed. By means of a halliard the compass box
can be raised and lowered on its guide rods; in this way the compass can be
brought down to the deck to be cleaned and to have the lamps trimmed when
required, and then it can be hauled up to the height at which it is found by
experiment that the compass works most accurately.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY BRIDLE FOR HORSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Gaius Hills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1867.
I, ALBERT GAIUS HILLS, of Craven Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SAFETY BRIDLE FOR HORSES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to means for facilitating the training and manage-
ment of horses and other draught animals, and is more especially adapted for
checking and controlling vicious or refractory horses.
The said Invention consists in the employment in combination with the head
stall and other parts of an ordinary bridle of an additional check rein or auxi-
liary safety line, which is attached to the head stall and is passed through the bit
ring to a guide in the throat band, whence it extends through a hollow driving
rein into the proper position to allow the driver or rider with the exertion of
very little power to check the horse and throw him completely on his haunches.
The head stall may be formed and attached to the horse's head in any ordinary
and convenient manner, and the bit may be of any kind in ordinary use.
additional or safety rein or line when used for driving is attached to the head
stall just under the horse's ear, and being first passed through a ring on the
bit is led therefrom through an eye or hole formed in the throat band of the
head stall. The said rein extends from the throat band to a ring in the saddle,
The

page_text: and at that point joins the hollow driving rein, through which it extends into
the proper position to be conveniently grasped by the driver. The said hollow
driving rein is formed of leather or other suitable material, and is made
hollow or tubular from the driver's end to the point of junction with the safety
rein, from which point to the bit it may be made solid.
By a slightly modified arrangement of the auxilliary check rein or line to
bring the same conveniently within the grasp of the hand the said rein or line
may be employed in riding.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING WIND, DRAUGHTS, AND WATER FROM PASSING UNDER DOORS, CASEMENTS, AND SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hoadly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1867.
I, JOHN HOADLY, of Dover, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING
WIND, DRAUGHTS, AND WATER FROM PASSING UNDER DOORS, CASEMENTS, AND SIMILAR
PLACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the following apparatus:-In the under edge of
the door or casement I have a groove, in which is a metal rod of the length
required; it is caused to project a little from the hinder edge of the door,
so that when the door is shut the door frame pushes the rod forwards in the
groove. I prefer that the rod should project and press against a screw in the
door frame or jamb, so that by withdrawing the screw or screwing it in
farther compensation may be made for a sinking of the door, or in summer
time when the apparatus may not be required. By means of a bent lever
attached to the aforesaid metal rod motion is given to a lath or board in such
a way that when the rod is pushed forward when the door is shut the board
or lath is pressed down upon the floor or carpet and prevents wind, dust, or
water from coming underneath. In the same manner when the door is

page_text: opened and the end of the rod released from pressure it is pushed out by a
spring on the under side of the lever, which causes the lath to rise so as to
pass over the inequalities of the floor or other obstacle. It is preferable to
insert two or more levers so as to raise the lath or board at different points,
but if the door be narrow one only need be used.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jeremiah Murphy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1867.
I, WILLIAM JEREMIAH MURPHY, of Cork, in the County of the City of
Cork, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of hydrostatic pressure and also of
atmospheric pressure as a motive power.
I propose as a mode of propelling ships or vessels (by means of the hydro-
static pressure produced by their own displacement) that in the hold or bottom,
part of every such ship or vessel there shall be fitted a large tube or cylindrical
vessel curved into a semicircle, so that the two ends both project forwards, the
curved tube or vessel being filled with water, and the said ends being elongated
and forming straight cylinders in which two solid pistons are inserted, the outer
ends of the rods of such pistons being furnished with heads which bear against
strong transverse beams suitably fixed in the hold or bottom of the vessel. In
the centre of the semicircular part of the cylindrical vessel or
injection pipe is to be fitted having a plunger working therein.
larger end of the plunger is to be fitted into a shorter cylinder open at both
ends and surrounded by the water at the stern. By this means the pressure
produced by the displacement of the water by the vessel acts upon the piston end
of the plunger, throwing the force of the pressure upon the smaller end of the
tube a small
The other or

page_text: plunger working in the injector, and consequently the hydrostatic pressure thus
created forces the two piston heads against the transverse beams; thus causing
the ship or vessel in effect to act as a piston in a cylinder of water, and propelling
it by an external pressure in the same manner as the wind acts upon sails. I
am enabled to effect this result by means of the semicircular form of the tube
or cylindrical vessel which acts as a duplex or double hydraulic ram or press,
both arms or ends projecting or extending in the same direction, that is,
towards the bow of the vessel. The pistons might be so arranged (if preferred)
as to drag or draw the vessel. I also propose another mode of acting either
separately or in combination with the water on the duplex or double hydraulic
ram or press by atmospheric pressure. For this purpose instead of having
the short cylinder open at both ends I propose to close the end near the
injection pipe so as to enable the air in the fore part of that cylinder to be
exhausted. This being done and a vacuum created the atmospheric pressure
is thrown upon the back of the piston, which will then act on the injector,
producing an effect similar to that previously described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Galloway and Thomas
Settle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th April 1867.
We, JAMES GALLOWAY, Brass Founder, and THOMAS SETTLE, Spindle and
Flyer Manufacturer, both of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements are applicable to the machines used in preparing cotton
and other fibrous substances known as slubbing and roving frames.
The first part of our Invention consists in an improved method of manu-
facturing the spindles of such machines; these spindles have generally been
made solid, but we make them hollow to reduce the weight and the power
required for driving them. In performing this part of our Invention we take
plates of steel of the required length and width, and bend them into the form
of a tube; the edges of the bent plate are then welded together and turned
up to the required diameter; a pivot is fixed into the lower end of the tube,
and the boss of the flyer is connected to the upper end.
The second part of our Invention relates to the flyers of the machines above
referred to, and consists in dispensing with one side of the tubular leg down
which the roving passes from the boss of the flyer to the presser. When the
flyer is rapidly revolving in the roving or other frame it is evident that the

page_text: centrifugal force holds the roving against one side only of the tubular leg of
the flyer, consequently the other side may be dispensed with, thereby reducing
the cost of production and the weight.
Our improvements in flyers are particularly beneficial when the flyers are
made of malleable cast iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING HANKS OR SKRINS OF SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1867. A communication from abroad by Louis Charles Aubry, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING HANKS OR SKRINS OF SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND
OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS," a communication to me from abroad by Louis
Charles Aubry, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of preparing hanks or skeins of silk,
cotton, wool, and other like fibrous materials for the purpose of printing the
same, whereby such hanks after the operation of printing will remain in a
perfect condition without the necessity for the usual process of rewinding.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to make up the banks or
skeins to be printed into a species of web or fabric by interlacing the several
hanks or skeins with warp threads by a weaving operation, the warp threads
being disposed in pairs and the "shed" formed in any convenient or well-
known manner, into which "sheds" the hanks or skeins are introduced
bodily so as to form in fact the weft of the web or fabric. When the desired
number of hands or skeins have been thus made up and held together the

page_text: fabric is printed either by hand or by machinery in the well-known manner.
After having been printed the warp threads are cut and withdrawn, leaving
the printed hanks or skeins side by side on the outer or selvage threads of
the warp, which threads should be sufficiently wide apart to admit of the
introduction between them and inside the hanks or skeins of wooden rods upon 5
which they may be dried.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF FIRE-LIGHTING MATERIAL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Green Harcourt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1867.
I, RICHARD GREEN HARCOURT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION OF FIRE-LIGHTING
MATERIAL," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in preparing a composition to be used as a material
for the lighting of fires, the ingredients of which are sawdust, pounded coal,
pitch, resin, gas tar, and parafin, petroleum, naptha, or any other volatile
mineral or vegetable oil or spirit.
The relative proportions of these substances which I propose to use are six
parts of deal or pine sawdust to one part of pounded coal, these materials con-
stituting the body of the composition; one and a quarter parts of pitch to one
part of resin, and the remaining ingredients in smaller quantities as
required. I first melt and mix the pitch, resin, and gas tar together, then
the other materials; after which I mix all together into a plastic state, in
which condition the composition is moulded into suitable shapes and sizes
which are allowed to harden and are then ready for use. I prefer to employ a
conical shape for the moulded forms provided with one or more apertures or
holes; these provisions I find materially to assist combustion.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Waide at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1867.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM WAIDE, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Iron
Founder and Stove Grate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of generating high-pressure
steam combined with air under pressure, which steam and air are employed
together for obtaining motive power. In performing my Invention I make
use of a fire-grate or stove enclosed in an air-tight chamber in which the
coal or other fuel, or petroleum, or other hydrocarbons are consumed, the
compressed air for supporting combustion being supplied from a blast engine
or otherwise through a pipe furnished with a stop valve. The products of
combustion from the fire-grate or stove are conveyed into a coil or series of
pipes or flues placed within the boiler or chamber containing water, which is
thereby heated and converted into steam. The upper end of the coil of pipes
or flues is open into the steam space at the top of the boiler, consequently
the products of combustion or heated air under pressure is discharged into
and becomes mixed with the steam, and the mixed air and steam are taken
from the top of the boiler and utilized for obtaining motive power in an

page_text: engine furnished with a piston working in a cylinder, or in any other con-
venient manner. By this Invention the outer shell of the boiler may be of
great thickness and stayed internally to give the required strength, and the
whole of the force obtained by the expansion of the air and steam will be
available as motive power.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMP BURNERS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM SPIRIT AND OTHER HIGHLY VOLATILE LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Charles François Clerc at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1867.
I, LÉON CHARLES FRANÇOIS CLERC, of Saint Mary Axe, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMP BURNERS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM SPIRIT AND OTHER HIGHLY
VOLATILE LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in lamp burners for burning
petroleum spirit and other highly volatile liquids, and relates to means whereby
a larger flame is capable of being produced than has heretofore been obtained
when burning such liquids. For this purpose I employ a flat wick which
passes up a suitable tube, the upper part of which is elevated at such a distance
above the reservoir of the lamp as will prevent too great a degree of heat
being communicated to the liquid in the reservoir. At the upper part of the
wick tube is formed a chamber in which a quantity of the vapour is collected
to maintain the flame; the spindle of the pinion for regulating the height of the
wick is protected so as to prevent any escape of vapour at that part. For this
purpose I connect a tube to the top part of the wick tube, through which the
spindle of the pinion is passed, and in which such spindle closely fits. The

page_text: upper part of the wick tube is removeable so as to afford facility for inserting
the wick, and when in position fits closely so as to prevent any escape of
vapour at that part. A gallery is as usual provided for supporting a suitable
globe or chimney, and a cap is also provided to cover in the top of the wick
tube when the lamp is not in use, as is well understood.
A HAT PROTECTOR OR APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING HATS AND CAPS FROM RAIN, DUST, OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Charles Jetot and Emile
Hortensius Charles Cros and Marie Marguerite Aimée d'Eimar de Jabrun
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 26th December 1867.
We, ERNEST CHARLES JETOT and EMILE HORTENSIUS CHARLES CROS and
MARIE MARGUERITE AIMÉE D'EIMAR DE JABRUN, all of Paris, Rue Royale
St. Honoré, No. 14, in the French Empire, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A HAT PROTECTOR OR APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING
HATS AND CAPS FROM RAIN, DUST, OR OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
Our hat protector consists of a covering of impermeable material, light and
transparent, and lined or not with a fabric; this covering is adapted or fitted
by means of bands or attachments to the form of the hat or other head
covering, or it is placed loosely over the hat, and is kept in position by orna-
mental depending weights. In the former case the shape of the hat protector
is obtained by applying the impermeable material on a block or shaping appa-
ratus representing the configuration of the hat. In the latter case the protector
is an impermeable material cut of any desired contour, and having attached to
its edge tassels or small weights of wood or other suitable material; the protector
when placed over the hat is kept in place by these weights or tassels which
may be filled with lead. The most suitable materials for our hat protectors
are thin gutta percha or gutta percha mixed with caoutchouc, or fabrics coated
with vulcanized caoutchouc or gummed taffetas. The gutta percha or other
material may be lined with a light fabric, such as muslin, tulle, or tarletan,

page_text: which is pasted to the gutta percha, the whole being of any desired shade.
The hems and seams may be made instantaneously with varnish (a solution
of gutta percha in sulphuret of carbon) and with a hot iron.
For an ordinary man's hat the protector has an elastic band or ring to come
round the body of the hat above the brim, and a flat ring below the brim to
come round the central opening for the head, or instead of this flat ring a
metallic spring ring may be used, which will serve to retain the protector
inside the hat when not. required for use.
A convenient apparatus for making the protectors consists of an upright
with a head at the top; a plate composed of three superposed discs, of which
the middle one is the largest is adjustable on the upright. By moving this
plate up or down the apparatus is adapted for making protectors for hats of
various sizes.