IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING, COOLING, AND MELTING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Garton, of the City and County of Bristol,
Brewer, and Thomas Hill, of the Town and County of the Town of
Southampton, Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Garton and
Thomas Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th October 1863.
We, CHARLES GARTON, of the City and County of Bristol, Brewer, and
THOMAS HILL, of the Town and County of the Town of Southampton, Sugar
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN EVAPORATING, COOLING, AND MELTING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of water and apparatus as here.
after described. We regulate the temperature of the water, and maintain at
any degree required, and cause it to circulate in pipes or chambers in a trough,
the top of which forms the bottom of the vessel containing the matter to be
acted on. Sometimes we carry air pipes opening above the substance to be
evaporated through the water contained in the said chambers or elsewhere for
the purpose of heating the air in the pipes, and spreading it heated over the
matter under treatment. For some purposes we drive a frigorific mixture

page_text: through the pipes. In such case circulation through the pipes is continuous,
and there is no outlet above the matter operated on.
Our Invention further consists in the construction and employment in the
vessel containing the matter to be acted on of agitators, consisting of archi-
medean screw vanes carried upon suitable spindles and wheels; we mount
these agitators in sets of two or more, and we so set them that in their
revolution the vanes on one agitator shall clear those of the other, and we drive
them in opposite directions. We cover the vessel, and draw off through one or
more apertures in the cover the vapours and gases evaporated from the matter
under treatment by fans, steam jets, pumps, or otherwise. In some cases we
aid the evaporation by the introduction of hot air above the surface of the
matter to be evaporated, or we introduce pipes for containing a heating medium
above such surface.
For cooling we substitute for the heating medium a cooling or freezing
mixture. For melting such substances, for instance, as sugar, we place in the
vessel a set of drums with vanes, which instead of being set spirally, as in the
agitators before described, are fixed parallel with the axis. Each set consists
of two drums driven in opposite directions; each drum carries one or more
full or solid projections, which meeting during the revolution of the wheels act
to crush and break up the sugar. We remove portions from the surface of
the drums to allow of the better agitation of the substance acted on.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
GARTON, of the City and County of Bristol, Brewer, and THOMAS HILL, of
the Town and County of the Town of Southampton, Sugar Refiner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,

page_text: and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING,
COOLING, AND MELTING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill,
or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of water and apparatus as here-
after described. We regulate the temperature of the water, and maintain at
any degree required, and cause it to circulate through chambers or troughs,
the top of which forms the bottom of the vessel containing the matter to be
acted on.
Sometimes we carry air pipes opening above the substance to be
evaporated through the water contained in the said chambers or elsewhere for.
the purpose of heating the air in the pipes, and spreading it heated over the
matter under treatment. For some purposes we drive a frigorific mixture
through the pipes. In such case circulation through the pipes is continuous,
and there is no outlet above the matter operated on.
Our Invention further consists in the construction and employment in the.
vessel containing the matter to be acted on of agitators, consisting of archi-
medean screw vanes carried upon suitable spindles and wheels; we mount
these agitators in sets of two or more, and we so set them that in their.
revolution the vanes on one agitator shall clear those of the other, and we drive,
them in opposite directions. We cover the vessel, and draw off through one
or more apertures in the cover the vapors and gases evaporated from the.
matter under treatment by fans, steam jets, pumps, or otherwise.
In some,
cases we aid the evaporation by the introduction of hot air above the surface
of the matter to be evaporated, or we introduce pipes for containing a heating
medium above such surface; or we form the cover or roof hollow, and
air or other heating medium through it.
pass hot

page_text: For cooling the substitute for the heating medium a cooling or freezing
mixture. For melting such substances, for instance, as sugar we place in the
vessel a set of drums with vanes, which instead of being set spirally, as in the
agitators before described, are fixed parallel with the axis. Each set consists
of two drums driven in opposite directions; each drum carries one or more
full or solid projections, which meeting during the revolution of the wheels act
to crush and break up the sugar. We remove portions from the surface of
the drums to allow of the better agitation of the substance acted on.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal vertical section,
Figure 2 a transverse vertical section, Figure 3 an end elevation, and Figure 4
a perspective external view of the apparatus for carrying our Invention into
effect. Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the Figures.
A, A, is a wooden frame; B, B, a pan for the reception of the material to
be acted on; C, C, are metal shafts fitted with a wood casing D, D;
surrounding these shafts and their wood casings are metal bands E, E, to
which are affixed metal arms F, carrying the archimedean screw vanes G
formed of metal, which extend the whole length of the shaft, and are curved
so as to make a spiral thereon; H is the main flow or feed pipe, with branches
or conducting pipes a, a, a, through which the water circulates (in the direction
shewn by the arrows) and passes thence through the copper or other metal
chambers I, which chambers are rivetted or otherwise connected to the under
side of the copper pan, and, as before stated, the bottom of the pan forms the
top of these chambers. The water, after passing from the main flow or feed
pipe H through the branch pipes a, a, a, and chambers I, passes to the boiler
through the pipes c, c, c, to be reheated, or it is allowed to run off; J, J, are
pipes or chambers for the passage of hot air, steam, or other heating medium
at or in the cover or roof of the pan; b, b, are pipes fitted with cocks, through
which the heated air or other heating medium may be admitted either into
the chambers J, J, or into the upper part of the pan B, B, over the matter
under treatment; d, d, are air pipes for the escape of air; K is an outlet,
through which the vapors and gases evaporated are drawn off by the fan L, as
shewn in Figure 1; M is the man-hole; and N is a pipe, thro' which the
substance to be acted on is supplied to the pan; O, P, Q, are respectively the
driving wheel and fixed and slack pulleys for giving motion to the shafts C, C,
carrying the archimedean screw vanes. Sight holes, fitted with glass, are
formed in the sides and ends of the pan, as shewn in Figure 4.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of a pan, shewing a pair of drums arranged
for melting such substances as sugar, but they are also applicable to all the
purposes of our Invention.

page_text: A, A, are the drums on spindles B, B; C, D, are hollow metal projections
on the drums, which nearly meet at one point of their revolution. Instead of
one projection on each drum, there may be two or more. The pan is heated
and otherwise arranged as described with reference to the former Figures.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our improve-
ments in evaporating, cooling, and melting, and in apparatus employed therein,
the construction and employment of covered pans carrying at bottom chambers
through which liquid is caused to circulate, and fitted with screw vanes or
drums, as herein-before described, made to revolve, together with the intro-
duction over the surface of the materials under treatment in such pans, or
through pipes or chambers in the cover thereof, of heating or cooling medium,
and the employment in combination with such pans of a fan or other exhausting
apparatus for drawing off the vapors or gases evaporated, all substantially in
manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Garton and Thomas Hill,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of April,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
A. H. WESTON,
Southampton.
CHAS. GARTON. (L.S.)
THOMAS HILL. (L.S.)