IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND MATERIAL APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR EMERY
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernhard Hess, of Bayreuth in the Kingdom Bavaria and
German Empire for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND MATERIAL APPLICABLE AS
A SUBSTITUTE FOR EMERY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernhard Hess at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1883.
BERNHARD HESS of Bayreuth in the Kingdom Bavaria and German Empire
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES AND MATERIAL APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR EMERY
"
Artificial stone manufactured according to my invention consists of serpentine
(or kindred minerals) soap-stone, feldspar, mica, quartz and fire clay, or some of
these, variously combined according to the purpose for which the stone is intended.
These substances are pulverized, mixed and moistened and, after having been
pressed into the required forms are burned at a white heat.
Thus treated they acquire a hardness that will permit them to be used as fire
proof building materials, as pavement, as mill and grindstones, as floor plates,
as wall panellings, as crucibles, smelting pots, stone vessels, mill-rollers, and
the like.
My invention is carried out according to one method suitable for ordinary
purposes in the following manner;
The minerals are first ground more or less fine in the usual manner and then
40 portions of serpentine or soap-stone, 10 portions of feldspar and two portions
of mica are well mixed and moistened with so much water, that the mass remains
conglomerate if compressed by hand. The mass is then pressed or stamped in
moulds to the desired forms which are afterwards well but slowly dried, under the
influence of a gradually increasing temperature and are finally burned in a strong
white heat.
In manufacturing floor plates and similar objects, 6 portions of fire clay may be
added to the mixture of minerals specified above.

page_text: For grindstones I employ a mixture of 40 portions of serpentine ground fine and
burned beforehand, 10 portions of feldspar and 5 portions of quartz.
For crucibles smelting pots or other stone vessels, 40 portions of soapstone,
10 portions of feldspar and 6 portions of fireclay are ground fine, well mixed
white dry and then water is added until the mass can be manipulated on the
potters wheel.
The same mixture which is used for crucibles will also serve for manufacturing
mill-rollers, which after drying should be carefully finished on the wheel.
For manufacturing a substitute for emery the serpentine or a kindred mineral is
ground as fine as required then burned at a strong white heat and after cooling is
sifted or bolted and finally sorted.
This substitute for emery thus produced is in hardness sharpness and durability
eminently suited for grinding, polishing and cleaning metals.
The proportions stated above are well suited for the purposes for which they are
prescribed, but they may be modified without departure from the essential
characteristics of my invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Bernhard Hess in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th November 1883.
BERNARD HESS of the Town of Beyreuth in the Kingdom of Bavaria and
German Empire IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR
VARIOUS PURPOSES AND MATERIAL APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR EMERY
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of artificial stone for
various purposes and material applicable as a substitute for emery.
Artificial stone manufactured according to my invention consists of serpentine
(or kindred minerals) soapstone, feldspar, mica, quartz and fireclay, or some of
these variously combined according to the purpose for which the stone is intended.
These substances are pulverized, mixed and moistened and after having been
pressed into the required forms are burned at a white heat.
Thus treated they acquire a hardness that will permit them to be used as fire-
proof building materials, as pavement, as mill and grindstones as floor plates,
as wall panellings, as crucibles, smelting pots, stone vessels, mill rollers and
the like.
My invention is carried out according to one method suitable for ordinary
purposes in the following manner :-
The minerals, serpentine or soapstone as chief ingredient, feldspar as binding
material and also mica quartz and clay, are first ground more or less fine in the
usual manner. For building purposes, paving stones, pavement plates and mill-
stones I usually employ about 40 parts of serpentine or soap-stone, 10 parts of
feldspar and 2 parts of mica which are well mixed and moistened with so much
water, that the mass remains conglomerate if compressed by hand.
The mass is then pressed or stamped in moulds made of iron, wood or other
suitable material, to the desired forms in such manner that when the forms are
taken apart the mass will be so consistent that it will retain its form unchanged.
The so formed stones, plates, vessels or other objects are afterwards well but
slowly dried in an appropriate manner under the influence of a gradually increasing
temperature and are finally burned in a strong white heat.
In manufacturing plates for tables, floor plates, wainscoting, and similar objects,
6 parts of fire clay may be added to the mixture of minerals specified above.
For grindstones I preferably employ a mixture of 40 parts of serpentine ground
fine and burned beforehand, 10 parts of feldspar and 5 parts of quartz sand.
For, crucibles, smelting pots or other stone vessels, I prefer to employ about
40 parts of soapstone, 10 parts of feldspar and 6 parts of fireclay which are ground
fine, well mixed while dry and then water is added until the mass can be
manipulated on the potters wheel as is the case with porcelain.
The crucibles or smelting pots thus formed by aid of the potters wheel or in
other suitable manner are gradually but thoroughly dried and then burnt in a
very intense white heat, whereby an unusually fireproof, perfectly acid proof
vessel is obtained, in which, for instance for melting gum for varnish makers etc
no alteration in the color of the mass to be melted takes place.
The same mixture which is used for crucibles will also serve for manufacturing
mill-rollers, which after drying should be carefully turned and finished on the
wheel or a suitable lathe.
For manufacturing a substitute for emery the serpentine or a kindred mineral
is ground as fine as required then burned at a strong white heat and after cooling,
is sifted or bolted and finally sorted.

page_text: This substitute for emery thus produced is eminently superior in hardness,
sharpness and durability, to the best emery and is admirably suited for grinding
polishing and cleaning metals.
The proportions stated above are well suited for the purposes for which they are
prescribed, but they may be modified without departure from the essential
characteristics of my invention.
Having now described my said Invention and the manner in which the same
is to or may be carried into effect I wish it to be understood that what I claim as
my invention and desire to have secured by Letters Patent is :-
1. The process of manufacturing artificial stones such as fireproof stones for
building purposes, paving stones, pavement plates, grinding and mill stones, plates
for tables, floor plates and wall panelling or wainscoting and also of manufacturing
crucibles or smelting pots, stone vessels, mill rollers and a substitute for emery,
by pounding or pulverizing serpentine or other kindred mineral, soapstone,
feldspath, mica, quartz and fireproof clay in substantially the proportions of mixing
as given above and burning the articles formed from the said mixture at a suitable
heat substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification.
2. The application and employment of the process of manufacturing artificial
stone goods of various kinds, artificial emery etcetera substantially as described in
the foregoing specification.
In witness whereof I the said Bernard Hess have hereunto set my hand and
seal this first day of November in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.