Improvements in Cooling and Freezing Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, '1st Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st July, 1895-Accepted; 3rd Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cooling and Freezing Machines.
1, THOMAS HEWETT, of 8 Ashbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of
Surrey, Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention has reference to improved constructions and arrangements of
cooling and freezing machines of the. kind in which the cooling or freezing is
effected in a vessel mounted to rotate within an outer fixed vessel containing the
cooling or freezing agent, and it has for objects to produce machines of the kind
referred to that shall be simple and-inexpensive in construction, that can be easily
operated, the various parts of which are readily accessible and which can be used
for cooling or freezing substances of various kinds.
In one construction of machine according to this invention, the inner rotary
vessel is provided at its lower end with a socket or other attachment adapted to be
readily secured in a detachable manner, as by screwing, to a driving spindle that
extends through the bottom of the outer vessel, and is driven through ratohet
gearing operated by an external hand lever. The ratchet gearing can be
constructed in various forms and be arranged in a chamber formed by suitably
shaping the bottom of the vessel.
In one arrangement, there is a ratchet wheel fixed on the spindle and with it
gear two spring racks the teeth of which point in opposite directions so that when
the racks are reciprocated, the spindle and rotary vessel will be rotated in a
practically continuous manner, tone rack being operative when the hand lever is
moved in one direction, and the other rack when the said lever is moved in the
opposite direction.
In some cases one rack only may be used. In this case, the rack, which may
have spur or ratchet teeth, may act directly on a spur or ratchet wheel on the
spindle; or the rack may act indirectly through a toothed wheel carrying one or
more pawls in gear with a ratchet wheel on the said spindle. A liquid tight joint
may in each case be provided between the spindle and the bottom of the outer
vessel by washers of suitable material, for example leather, arranged between the
said bottom of the outer vessel aud collars on the spindle and socket or equivalent
part at the bottom of the rotary vessel. With this arrangement, upon screwing
the socket or equivalent part upon the spindle, the washers will be compressed, and
a tight joint effected. Furthermore the support thus obtained for the rotary
vessel, enables an upper support therefor to be dispensed with.
The driving spindle is made bollow, so that liquid poured into the rotary vessel
and cooled by contact with the inner surface thereof, can be readily drawn off at
the bottom. At other times the hole through the spindle may be closed by a cap.
plug, cock or equivalent device.
'The inuer vessel may be made of sheet metal. The outer one may be of sheet
metal or other suitable material. It is provided at the top with a cover through
which the inner vessel projects and may be fitted at the bottom to a stand of
suitable material, for example wood.
In another construction of machine according to this invention, the vertical
driving spindle, is driven through a coiled spring from a horizontal spindle on

page_text: which is detachably fixed a pinion in gear with a large driving wheel jourualled to
the outer vessel, or to the base carrying the same. The spring has its ends
detachably secured to the vertical and borizontal spindles, and is confined within a
bent tube fixed in the base of the machine. In this construction the outer vessel
with its bottom and support may be cast in one piece, a leather or other suitable
washer being placed between the bottom of the vessel and a collar on the driving
spindle to ensure a liquid-tight joint at this part.
To enable the machine to be used for cooling liquids the two spindles are made
tubular, and the lower one is provided with a discharge pipe that extends through
and beyond the pinion. A tube of suitable material, for example india-rubber is
also placed between the spindles and inside the coiled spring for the purpose of
conducting the cooled liquid from one spindle to the other without its coming into
contact with the said spring.
The outer vessel in each case may be surrounded with material such as felt that
is a bad conductor of heat.
For the purpose of causing the liquid to be cooled, to flow down over the inner
surface of the rotary vessel, the cover of the vessel in each of the arrangements
herein before described may be provided on its under side with a baffle plate on to
which the liquid' will fall when poured througli a funnel or other opening in the
cover, and from which it will be thrown outward by centrifugal force and into
contact with the inner side of the vessel, if the vessel be at the same time set in
rapid rotation.
In another construction suitable for cooling liquids contained in bottles, the
inner rotary vessel is replaced by a spring bottle holder adapted at its upper and
lower ends to engage the top and bottom of the bottle and to be readily secured in
a detachable manner to the driving spindle, which may be operated in either of the
ways herein before described.
In each case the vertical driving spindle, or the rotary vessel or bottle holder
secured thereto, may be provided with a stirring device for agitating the cooling
or freezing agent in the outer vessel.
DL 1
100
+
I, THOMAS HEWETT, of 8 Ashbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of
Surrey, Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to improved constructions and arrangements of
portable cooling and freezing machines of the kind in which the cooling or freezing
is effected in a vessel mounted to rotate within an outer fixed vertical vessel
containing the cooling or freezing agent, and it has for objects to produce machines
of the kind referred to that shall be simple and inexpensive in construction, that
can be easily operated, the various parts of which are readily accessible, and which
cau be used not only for freezing solid or semi-solid substances of various kinds,
such-for example as are used for making ice cream, but also for cooling champagne
and other liquids intended for consumption:
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a central vertical section, and Fig. 2 a horizontal'section on the line'a.c

page_text: of Fig. 1, showing one construction of freezing and cooling machine according to`
this invention.
1 is the inner rotary freezing vessel the wall of which is formed of metal, for
example tin-plate, the bottom being of thicker metal and provided with an
attachment, such as assocket 2, adapted to be secured in a detachable manner, as
by screwing, to a vertical driving spindle 3. This spindle extends through a
bearing 4 in the bottom 5 of the large outer vessel 5 which serves to hold the
freezing agent and which, with its bottom 5, may conveniently be made of sheet
metal as shown, though it may be of other material, if desired. The said outer
vessel is provided at the top with a cover through which the inner vessel projects,
and is carried by a base or support 5; that may be of stamped or cast inotal, and
be suitably attached to the said vessel, as in the example shown, or be formed in
one therewith,.as may be desired. The spindle is driven by an external hand lever
through ratchet gearing that can be constructed in various forms and be arranged
in a chamber 5° formed by suitably shaping the bottom 5 of the vessel 5: in the
case of a sheet metal bottom, by stamping up a portion of it as shown.
In the arrangement shown, 6 is a ratcbet wheel fixed on the spindle 3 and with
which gear two racks 6 6° the teeth of which point in opposite directions so that
when the racks are reciprocated by an external hand lever 6º, through the
connecting link shown, the spindle 3 and rotáry vessel 1 will be rotated in a
practically continuous manner, one rack (6) being operative when the hand lever
is moved in one direction, and the other rack (6) when the said lever is moved in
the opposite direction: 6 are bearings carried by the bottom 5ª of the outer
vessel and in which the racks are mounted to slide. 6 are springs that serve to
keep the racks in gear with the ratchet wheel when they are moving in the
operative direction, and to permit them to slip over the said wheel when they are
moving in the inoperative direction.
In some cases one rack only may be used, say 6ª. In this case, the rack may
have spur or ratchet teeth, and act directly on a spur or ratchet wheel 6 fixed on
the spindle. Or the rack may act indirectly through a toothed' wheel 6f carrying
one or more pawls 68 in gear with a ratchet wheel 6 fixed on the said spindle as
shown in Fig. 2.
A liquid tight joint may in each case be provided between the spindle 3 and the
bottom 5 of the outer vessel by washers 4 of suitable material, for example
leather, arranged between the said bottom aud collars 3 and 2ª provided
respectively on the spindle 3 and socket 2. With this arrangement, upon screwing
the socket or equivalent part upon the spindle, the washers will be compressed, and
a tight joint effected.
The driving spindle 3 is made hollow, so that liquid poured into the rotary
vessel 1 and cooled by contact with the inner surface thereof, can be readily drawn
off at the bottom. At other times the hole through the spindle may be closed by
a cock 3b, or by a cap, plug or equivalent closing device.
Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively a vertical section and front elevation showing
another construction of freezing and cooling machine according to this invention.
In this case the vertical driving spindle 3 is driven through a coiled spring 7
from a horizontal spindle 8* on which is detachably fixed a pinion 8 in gear with a
large driving wheel 9, the said spring having its ends detachably fixed to the said
spindles 3 and 8°. The wheel 9 is journalled on a pin 10 fixed in a bearing 12 in
the support 5, and is driven by a crank handle 9, also jourualled on the piu 10,
and engaging the said wheel through a pin 9b secured thereto.
To adapt the freezing machine for cooling champagne and other liquids, the
driving spindles 3 and 8* are made tubular as shown, and are connected by a
stationary discharge tube 13 of suitable material, preferably metal, that extends
through both spindles and the coiled spring and is provided at its outer end with a
discharge cock 13". On the upper end of the tube 13 is screwed a ring 13* for
compressing a rubber or other yielding washer 14 so as to obtain a liquid tight
joint between the tube and spindle 3 and prevent liquid escaping from the outer.

page_text: vessel 5 into the tube. A tight joint may conveniently be made around, the lower
end of the spindle 3 by compressing packing within a stuffing box. 4 in. the,
bearing 4 by a gland. 4. Or a leather, or other, suitable, washen, may, for a like
purpose; be placed between the bottom of the vessel and a collar on the driving.
spindle. The coiled, spring 7 may be confined, within a bent metal. tube fixed in
the base of the machine, but I find' in practice, that this. is, not necessary when the
discharge tube 13 is of metall
In Fig. 5 the toothed wheels 8, 9 are arranged:inside the support. 5', the wheel 9
being in this case fixed upon a shaft 10 carried in bearings 11 and: 12 and driven
by, a crank handle 9*.
In Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the outer vessel is shown cast in one, piece with its bottom
and base or support, but it may be otherwise.constructed, if desired..
When a.machine.of the kind herein before described is to be used for making ice
cream or other solid-or semi-solid frozen substances, the top of the tubular spindle 3
is closed by suitable means such as a disc of india rubber, placed, between, the top
of the spindle and the upper end of the socket 2 as shown at 3 in Eigs.. 1. & 3,,the
frozen substance being withdrawn through the top of the inner-vessel.1.
"T
When the machine is used for cooling liquids, the, said disc.3d is replaced by a
ring or washer of corresponding size, and the cover 1 of the inner vessel replaced
by a cover provided, with a funnel 1 below which, is a baffle 1%, as, shown in Fig. 6,
or by a dished cover perforated. around its lower end, as shown in Fig. 7,, so that
liquid poured upon the baffle I through the funnel 1 (Fig. 6), or into the
perforated dished cover. (Fig. 7), will be discharged. laterally, against the inner
surface of the vessel 1 over which it will flow and, thereby become rapidly, cooled,
such liquid being drawn. off through the discharge tube 13. & cock, 13. The
portion of the inner, vessel. immediately below the baffle 1 (Fig. 6),, or dislied
cover (Fig. 7), may advantageously be made of a smaller diameter than, the upper
end of the: vessel,, as shown in Figs. 6 & 7, so as to ensure the, liquid. flowing over
the said. inner surface of the vessel 1, which may advantageously be made of
corrugated form as shown in Fig. 7..
In each case, the spindle 3, or the. vessel. 1 secured thereto, may be provided
with a stirring device for agitating the cooling or freezing agent in. the outer
vessel 5 and thereby obtaining the maximum cooling effect.
Fig. 4 shows a device for this purpose,, where 6" is a removable screw propeller
having its boss fitted over the driving spindle and clamped between,a, flange 3ª
thereon and, the socket. 2. on the vessel.
The outer vessel in each case may be surrounded with material, such as felt,, that
is a bad conductor of heat.
'
Having now particularly described' and ascertained' the nature of the said
invention and in what, manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is :-
1. A portable cooling and freezing machine. comprising in combination a
stationary vertical outor vessel (such as that marked in the accompanying.
illustrative drawings) adapted to contain a freezing, agent and within it. a. rotary
cooling and freezing vessel (such as that marked E) having a hollow driving spindle
that extends in a liquid tight manner through the bottom of the outer vessel and is
provided with means such as a cap, plug, cock or equivalent device to admit of
withdrawing liquid from the inner vessel, and suitable driving mechanism, whereby
the spindle and inner vessel can be rotated as set forth, the arrangement being
such that the machine can be used at will for freezing to solidity, or semi-solidity,
the frozen substance being then withdrawn at the top, or for cooling liquid, which.
can be run out through the hollow spindle on, removing the cap or opening, the
cock or equivalent:
2. An apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claim: constructed
arranged and operating as shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2
of the drawings, or modified according to Fig. 2ª.

page_text: 3. An apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 1, constructed arranged and
operating as shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4, or modified
according to Fig. 5, of the drawings.
Dated him in d.: 100
Dated this lot day
TA
T11005
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.