Improvements in the Method of and Means for Making Joints.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th May, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1898.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Making Joints.
I, JOHN BIRTWISLE, of 4, York Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention. has reference to the method of and means for securing pipes,
tubes, rods, spigots, and similar articles in couplings, sockets, faucets, and the like.
Inasmuch as these improvements will be more generally applicable for connecting
tubes in sockets, I will hereinafter, for the sake of brevity,. describe them as so
applied, it being understood that the words "tubes" and "sockets" are not
intended to be read in their limited sense.
According to my improvements. I first prepare the parts of the tubes and the
sockets which are to be connected by making them a fairly accurate fit one within
the other. I also produce in the contiguous surfaces of the tubes and sockets,
cavities, recesses, grooves, channels, scorings, threads and the like to form key-
holds. A hole is bored through the wall of the socket and through this hole
there is injected molten metal or alloy, or other fluid or semi-fluid substance which
will, on cooling, by lapse of time, or otherwise, set-or become hard. The injected
substance passes between the tube and the socket and enters and fills the channels
and the like formed in their contiguous surfaces so that when the substance has
set or cooled, the two parts are locked together thereby.
Y
In the case of securing tubes in sockets in the manufacture of velocipede frames
and in other analogous cases, I may, before making the joint, heat the sockets
sufficiently, to slightly expand them and to prevent the two speedy chilling of
the injected metal or alloy, and. to prevent the alloy spreading where it is not
wanted, I may insert a stopper of tow, asbestos, or other material into the socket
and, if required, into the end of the tube also. In this case also. I prefer to use
an alloy which expands on cooling, although this is not essential, particularly
if the sockets are heated before the tube ends are inserted and the metal is in-
jected.
"
If desired the contiguous surfaces of the tube and socket may be tinned or
similarly prepared so as to promote union with the injected metal.
:
In some cases the cross groovings or the like within the joint may be dispensed
with and sufficient space be left between the two surfaces for the reception of
the metallic alloy or the like. .
0

page_text: C
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Making Joints.
--
I, JOHN BIRTWISLE, of 4, York Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the method of and means for securing pipes,
tubes, rods, spigots and similar articles in couplings, sockets, faucets and the like.
Inasmuch as these improvements are more generally applicable for connecting
tubes in sockets I will hereinafter, for the sake of brevity, describe them as so
applied, it being understood that hereinafter and in the claiming clauses, the
words tubes" and "sockets" are not intended to be construed in their limited
senses..
..
b
According to my present improvements, I first construct or prepare the parts
of the tubes and of the sockets which are to be connected, by making them a
fairly accurate fit one within the other. I also produce in the contiguous surfaces
of the tubes and sockets. cavities, recesses, grooves, channels, scorings or the like
to form key-holds, and I will hereinafter so call them in order to avoid repeti-
tions. A hole is bored through the wall of the socket so as to cut into one or
more of the socket key-holds, and through this hole there is injected molten metal
or alloy, or other fluid or semi-fluid substance which will, on cooling, by lapse of
time, or otherwise, set or become hard. The injected substance passes between
the tube and the socket and enters and fills the keyholds formed in their con-
tiguous surfaces so- that when the substance is cooled or set, the two parts are
thereby locked together. When there is more than one keyhold in a socket it
will be necessary, as will be obvious, that either separate injection holes shall
be made for each key-hold or that the key-holds shall be in communication with
each other directly or by the key-holds in the tubes, so that the injected substance
can freely flow into and fill all the key-holds.
When securing tubes in sockets during the manufacture of velocipede frames;
and in other analogous cases,. I may, before making the joint, heat the sockets
sufficiently to slightly expand them, but principally to prevent the too speedy
chilling of the injected metal or alloy. To prevent the injected sub-
stance from spreading where it is not wanted, I. may, when necessary.
insert a stopper of asbestos,, tow, wood, clay. or other suitable 'material
into the end of the tube and into any part of the socket which is not. to be
occupied by the tube. In this case also, I prefer to employ an alloy which ex-
pands on cooling although this is not essential particularly if the sockets are
heated hefore the tube ends.are inserted and the metal is injected whilst the socket
is still hot. If desired, the contiguous surfaces of the metallic tube and of the
socket may be tinned or be similarly. prepared to promote union between the tube
and socket and the injected metal.
In some cases the key-holds on either the socket or the tube or upon both of
them may be omitted. In the latter case, that is to say when there are no
separately constituted key-holds upon the tube or socket, a key-hold may he pro-
vided by forming a space between them for the reception of the injected substance.
The ends of this space may, be filled or stopped during injection by the temporary
application of clay or other suitable plastic material, by a packing of asbestos,
or by like means. Or, the ends of the space may be permanently closed if the
space be produced by enlarging the bore of the socket except at the outer end
where it fits the tube.

page_text: I will further describe in what manner my said invention may be carried into
effect with reference to the accompanying drawing, which represents, in vertical
section, a joint in a bicycle frame.
S, is a T-socket on the tube T, provided with the branch T₁. In each of the
three ends of the socket there is formed a shallow screw thread U which should not
run out or which should be temporarily stopped at the end. In the end of the
tube T, as well as on those parts of the tube T which will be next the screw
threads SS, annular grooves GG are formed. Alternatively, the annular grooves
may be formed in the socket and the helical grooves on the tubes, or, the helical
grooves in either case may be substituted by longitudinal channels, or again, any
other form may be given to the grooves or channels but preferably so that those
in the socket do not coincide in direction with those on the tube and so that they
communicate with each other. Obviously also as herein before indicated, various
other modifications of the key-holds may be adopted but for velocipede frames I
prefer the arrangement indicated by the drawing or an arrangement analogo is
thereto as, with this construction, no relative movement between the tube and
socket is possible.
The metal or alloy, in a molten condition, is injected through the injection
holes II, and the injections may be made by means of a ram as in type casting.
or by analogous known means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
―:
1. The hereinbefore described method for making joints which consists in pro-
ducing a key-hold or key-holds between the tube and socket and in injecting
thereinto a substance or material which becomes hard on cooling or by lapse of
time, substantially as set forth.
2. Joints having a key-hold or key-holds between the tube and socket, filled
with an injected substance which is fluid or semi-fluid at the time of injection
and which subsequently sets or becomes hard, substantially as set forth.
3. The herein before described method of and means for making joints between
tubes and sockets, substantially as set forth with reference to the accompanying
drawing.
Doted this Fourth dow of Tohmia D 1909