Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Filtering, Precipitating, Deodorizing, and Purifying Material.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Filtering,
Precipitating, Deodorizing, and Purifying Material.
I, ALFRED LUTSCHAUNIG, of 59, South John Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Assayer and Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the production of a precipitating, deodorizing,
filtering, or purifying, pulverulent or granular, or pulverulent and granular,
material or substance from refuse matters, mainly ashpit or town and other like
refuse, with the object, mainly, of providing a sanitary powder or granular material
which shall possess properties by which the matters operated upon, or in
connection with which it is used, are both chemically and mechanically affected,
and the impurities precipitated, or removed by filtration, or deodorized, or purified,
according to the nature of the use to which they are put, and which shall be
generally effectual and serve the ends for which it is intended: my object at the
same time is to produce such a material at small cost and in a simple manner.
I am aware that prior to this invention, retorted or carbonized organic refuse,
including animal and vegetable matters, such as the flesh of animals, bones, fish,
wood, weeds, and other vegetable matters, have long been used as a filtering and
purifying material or medium; and also, that refuse coke and ordinary coal or
coke ashes or siftings have been used and mixed with excreta for deodorizing or
purifying it, and to these therefore I make no claim, they being old and well
known; but this invention is differentiated from those by the fact that the powder
is of an essentially basic nature, and that the material or substances produced as
above and hereinafter specified, are necessarily so by the manner of their
production. That is to say, according to this invention, the material is produced
chiefly from ashpit refuse (or other refuse of an equivalent nature) by burning
such material in a suitable furnace with air, to dust, thereby producing a powder
or ash containing oxide of iron, caustic lime, carbonate and silicate of potash,
carbonate and silicate of soda, phosphate of lime, gypsum (sulphate of lime),
oxide of iron, sulphate of iron, sulphide of iron, alumina, magnesia, and other
substances, all or most of which are basic or ferruginous, possessing important
chemical decomposing properties, and also mechanical purifying properties when
applied to precipitating, filtering, deodorizing, and purifying sewage and other
impure liquids, or excreta; the carbon by this process of manufacture being burned
wholly or mainly by air, goes off as carbonic acid gas and is discharged into the
atmosphere.
This basic powder or ash produced as above set forth may be, if desired, ground,
and it may be mixed with clinkers or small coke, by which its porosity is enhanced,
and is also rendered more suitable in some cases as a filtering material, and for
other sanitary purposes.
The powder, or powder and coke, may be mixed with residue or sludge of
settling tanks or other plastic or semi-plastic sewage or excreta, which is thus
rendered inodorous and can be dried and rendered portable.
According to a modification, the material is produced by first drying the ashpit
refuse, and then separating by picking and sifting matters which are not useful
for sanitary employment, and which may be used with advantage for other
purposes, such as old or refuse metal, and other things, and then burning it. Or,
according to a modification, ashpit refuse may be disintegrated and non-serviceable
matters separated by a disintegrating machine and dried in a furnace; and then
mixed with the powder and with sludge or other matter to make manure.
These

page_text: treatments may be used in any combination and with others herein described, and
the product put to the different uses they are serviceable for.
The burning or drying may be effected in furnaces having movable grates or
carriers for the material to be burned or dried, or in other suitable furnaces, and in
some cases the products of combustion of the refuse being burned by air may be
utilized to dry the material before it is burned, or otherwise treated or used.
This invention, the nature of which is above generally described, may be
modified and carried out in different ways and produced in different suitable
apparatus and applied to different sanitary purposes without departing from the
general spirit and scope thereof.
Dated this 26th day of October 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Manufacture of Filtering,
Precipitating, Deodorizing, and Purifying Material.
I; ALFRED LUTSCHAUNIG, of 59, South John Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Assayer and Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the production of precipitating, deodorizing,
filtering or purifying, pulverulent or granular, or pulverulent and granular,
material or substance from ashpit or town refuse matters, (or other like refuse)
with the object, chiefly, of providing a sanitary powder or granular material which
shall possess properties by which the matters operated upon, or in connection with
which it is used, are both chemically and mechanically affected and the impurities
precipitated, or removed by filtration, or deodorized, or purified according to the
nature of the use to which they are put, and which shall be generally effectual
and serve the ends for which it is intended. My object at the same time is to
produce such material at a small cost and in a simple manner.
I am aware that prior to this invention, retorted or carbonized organic refuse,
including animal and vegetable matters, such as the flesh of animals, bones, fish ;
also wood, weeds, and other vegetable matters, have long been used as a filtering
and purifying material or medium; and also, that refuse coke and ordinary coal or
coke ashes or siftings have been used and mixed with excreta for deodorizing or
purifying it, and to these therefore I make no claim, they being old and well
known; but this invention is differentiated from those, by the fact, that the powder
is of an essentially basic nature, and by the manner of its production. That is to
say according to this invention, the material is produced chiefly from ashpit
refuse (or other refuse of an equivalent nature) by burning such material in a
suitable furnace with air to dust or ashes, thereby producing a powder or ash
containing caustic lime, carbonate and silicate of potash, carbonate and silicate
of soda, phosphate of lime, gypsum, (sulphate of lime), oxide of iron, sulphate of
iron, sulphide of iron, alumina, magnesia, and other substances, all or most of
which are basic or ferruginous, possessing important chemical decomposing and
deodorizing properties, and also mechanical purifying properties when applied to
precipitating, filtering, deodorizing, and purifying sewage and other impure liquids,
'or excreta. The carbon by this process of manufacture being burned wholly or
mainly by air, goes off as carbonic acid gas and is discharged into the atmosphere.
This basic powder or ash, produced as above set forth, may, if desired, be
ground, and it may be mixed with clinkers or small coke, by which its porosity is
enhanced, and, moreover, rendered more suitable in some cases 86 a filtering
matérial, and for other sanitary purposes.

page_text: The powder, or powder and coke, may be mixed with residue or sludge of
settling tanks, or other plastic or semi-plastic sewage or excreta, which is thus
rendered inodorous and can be dried and rendered portable. It may also be used
as a precipitant to be employed for the precipitation from sewage and other waste
liquids, of solid and impure matters, in settling tanks or other vessels.
According to a modification, the material is produced by first drying the ashpit
refuse, and then separating, by picking and sifting, matters which are not useful
for sanitary employment (and which may be used with advantage for other
purposes, such as old or refuse metal, and other things), and then burning it. Or,
according to a further modification, ashpit refuse may be disintegrated and non-
serviceable matters separated by a disintegrating machine and dried in a furnace,
and then mixed with the powder and with sludge or other matter to make manure.
These treatments may be used in any combination and with others herein described,
and the product put to the different uses it is serviceable for.
The burning or drying may be effected in furnaces having movable grates or
carriers for the material to be burned or dried, or in other suitable furnaces; and
in some cases the products of combustion of the refuse being burned by air, may
be utilized to dry the material before it is burned or otherwise treated or used.
This latter mode of production is illustrated in the accompanying drawings
which, in Figure 1, shew the combined drying and burning apparatus in
longitudinal section, and, in Figure 2, a cross section through the depositing
chamber. In these drawings, a is a hopper into which the dried material is
charged. bis a travelling grate of the type known as "Jukes" furnace, onto
which the dried material from a falls, and on which it is burned. c is the ashpit,
and are doors by which said ashpit is closed in. d is the bridge of the furnace.
e is a chamber in which the dust or ash carried over from the grate b, deposits,
and from which it is withdrawn through doors f. h is the drying chamber, the
floor of which forms the roof to the furnace below it, and upon the underside of
which the furnace gases and heat produced by the combustion of the refuse play.
jis the roof of the drying chamber, and k is the feeding hopper into which the
refuse from carts, or otherwise, is charged. m is a sliding lift door at the
discharge end of the chamber h. o is the chimney by which the waste gases pass
away from the settling chamber e. p is a pipe connecting the chamber and the
ashpit c together, and through which the air to support combustion of the refuse
from the grate b passes to the ashpit. By this passage also the gases and vapours
given off from the refuse in drying are carried down into the ashpit c, and burnt
in passing through the incandescent fuel on the grate b.
In operation the raw refuse is charged into the hopper k, and is pushed forward
over the floor by pushing it forward through apertures in the lower part of the
hopper k; and it is further fed forward over the floor by raking it from the other
end of the chamber h, through the door m. When the refuse is sufficiently dried,
that nearest the door mis raked into the hopper a, from whence it falls on to the
grate b, as above specified, where it is burned with the air supplied through the
pipe p.
The result of this combustion is, that the refuse is mostly burned to
powder or ash, the greater part of which falls through the interstices of the grate
or is discharged over the end thereof into the ashpit by the motion of said grate,
whilst that portion of the powder or ash which is carried over with the gaseous
products of combustion into the chamber e is there deposited. The resulting ash
or powder is removed from the ashpit c and the chamber e and collected, and is
ready for use in any of the manners or for any of the purposes herein specified.
According to another mode of carrying out the invention, the ashpit or like
refuse may in some cases be burnt with air in heaps in the open air.
The product made according to this invention as above described, may he
modified and carried out in different ways and produced in different suitable
apparatus and applied to different sanitary purposes without departing from the
scope thereof, and it may be used of itself for the purposes specified, or as a whole

page_text: .
or in part in conjunction with other substances and processes for effecting the
purposes for which it is intended.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. The herein described filtering, precipitating, deodorizing, or purifying
material, containing caustic lime, carbonate and silicate of potash, carbonate and
silicate of soda, phosphate of lime, gypsum (sulphate of lime), oxide of iron
sulphate of iron, sulphide of iron, alumina, magnesia, and other substances, or
some of them, produced from ashpit or town refuse (or like refuse) by burning
said refuse with air, to ash or powder which is afterwards collected: for the
purposes set forth.
2. The production of the filtering, precipitating, deodorizing, and purifying
material herein described, from ashpit refuse (or like refuse) by drying said refuse,
separating the non-useful matters, and then burning it with air to powder or ash;
substantially as set forth.
3. The herein described filtering, precipitating, deodorizing, and purifying
material comprising ashpit or like refuse reduced to powder or a fine state by
disintegrating and drying same, and powder or ash produced by burning ashpit
refuse (or like refuse) with air; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4. The production of the filtering, precipitating, deodorizing and purifying
material herein described from ashpit refuse (or like refuse) by apparatus
operating or arranged after the manner substantially as set forth with reference to
the drawings.
Dated this 26th day of January 1892.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.