Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1898
We, THOMAS FERDINAND WALKER and THOMAS SYDNEY WALKER, both of the
Firm of Thomas Walker & Son, of 58, Oxford Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in ship log apparatus more especially
of the type in which the rotator portion is in the water and the register
mechanism is located on board, as upon the taffrail although some portion of the
invention is also applicable to ship log apparatus in which the register mechanism
and rotator for actuating the same are both in the water-usually in the form
of one instrument, commonly called a towing log.
The invention is designed particularly to provide a ship log apparatus adapted
to the requirements of and to overcome difficulties attendant upon, the registra-
tion of distances travelled by steam vessels travelling at the high modern rates
of speed, especially in respect of the greatly increased frictional strains and
wear and tear of connecting parts.
In carrying out our invention as applied to a taffrail log apparatus, the register
being on board, and the rotator connected thereto by a line being in the water,
we construct the rotator, preferably as heretofore practised by us, with the body
of greater bouyancy towards the tail and with preponderant weight at the head.
The head we provide with a loop or eye, to which is secured the end of the line-
as by a loop of the line passing therethrough, the two sides of the line being
whipped together. Over the loop of the line and the metal loop or eye of the
rotator is secured, preferably by screwing to the rotator nose or fore end, a
cover or removable hollow cone or shield. This cover serves to protect the line
connections and, by providing a smooth surfaced incline, to reduce the friction of
the water thereon as the vessel travels.
We sometimes make the metal eye, with a projecting stem, passing inside the
line, so as to give it rigidity at the point where the line emerges from the remov-
able cone.
The fore end of the line we attach to a hook piece, or male connection, of a
peculiar form adapted to interlock or engage with an eye or female connection
also of peculiar form. The male part has an eye to connect the line to, a stem
and a connection piece or hook. The female part has a relatively larger opening
of suitable form communicating with a smaller portion of the opening or recess.
The connection piece of the male part is introduced into the larger opening in
the female part, approximately at right angles to the direction of pull, it is then
turned and allowed to drop home into the smaller opening or recess where it lies
snugly without rocking motion of any extent, thereby reducing the rubbing
action, so destructive of ordinary means of connection used, which action takes
place especially at high speeds. This female part forms the outer end of a con-
nection to the stem, or spindle transmitting the rotations to the registering

page_text: mechanism through the intervention of a clutch or equivalent disengageable
connection between said stem and the primary axis of the register means.
When a fly wheel is used to steady the rotation of the spindle, it may either
be fixed direct on to the spindle, or act as an intermediary between the line and
spindle. In the latter case, we make the fly wheel with a disconnectable con-
nection such as referred to, the respective parts of which fit one into the other,
these parts being so arranged as to obviate frictional movements respectively.
To minimise the friction of the first spindle, arising from the pull of the line
and rotator, we mount the spindle on antifriction ball bearings.
If we employ separated necklaces, or only one necklace of balls, we secure
the two halves of each ball race loosely to one another, by means of an inner
flanged sleeve, one end of which is screwed into one of the halves of the ball
race, while the flange prevents the other half from becoming separated, when
the race is removed from its connection with the spindle.
In order to facilitate the operation of unscrewing and screwing the said sleeve,
a diametrical slot is cut across the flanged end, so that a convenient coin can be
used as a screw driver.
In some instances we employ two adjacent circles of balls, and corresponding
races, and in such case, as well as when using a single race, we make the whole of
the antifrictional bearing parts removeable separately from the rest of the
mechanism, for cleansing or otherwise, without dislocation relatively of the balls
and raceway parts. This is effected in the single or separated arrangement as
already explained.
In the double arrangement the lower or outermost half race rests on or
is affixed to the base of the case, on it is superposed its circle of balls,
then a part which is affixed, preferably by key and key way, to the spindle whose
rotation is to be facilitated and whose drag is to be borne; this part is formed
on the underside as a part race for the lower ball circle and on the upper face
as the lower half race of another ball circle above, then the second circle of
balls, and finally the other half race.
These race parts and balls are all locked and held in position but relatively
inseparable. This may be effected by bolts passing from a plate outside, above
the series, to and through a plate below, with screwed holes or nuts to secure them.
Or instead of bolts a threaded cylindrical part, partially or wholly enveloping
the race parts may engage a correspondingly threaded plate or cylindrical part
at top or bottom, or top and bottom of the bearing parts.
With regard to the necklace of balls which bears the strain of the pull of the
line, we prefer to make the two halves of the race with separate grooves, in such
a manner that each half race resists the tendency of the balls to escape pressure
radially. By this means the effect of the pull of the line is of itself to maintain
the spindle in a central position.
In the double arrangement previously described, the lower or outermost neck-
lace bears the pull, while the upper or inner necklace acts essentially as a means
of regulating the amount of end shake, practically having no wear: and we
sometimes so arrange the mechanism that the bearing parts can be readily trans-
posed, so as to bring the unworn balls and race into the strain resisting position
when required; in which case we prefer to make both of the ball races with
separate grooves in their respective halves.
The case or chamber within which are enclosed the thrust resisting bearings,
we so construct that whilst normally liquid sealed it can be readily opened for
access to the rotatory part and for supply of lubricant.
This may be attained by making the chamber part of a cylinder connected to the
base of the register chamber and providing a medial web or cross division, the
lower part being filled with oil up to and around the rotatory parts. The bottom
or outer end of the oil chamber is formed by a screw cap, a central opening with
a projecting sleeve giving passage to the spindle.
This projecting sleeve while contracted at its outer end so as to nearly touch

page_text: the spindle, is internally enlarged to make room for a circular flange to project
from the spindle inside the said sleeve, the object of the flange being to prevent
the ingress of water to the chamber containing the ball races. The sleeve
chamber has also a hole on its underside, to allow any water which may have
crept in to escape.
In the sides of the cylinder, in line with the ball bearings, are openings nor-
mally covered by a ring which is also provided with like holes and when the two
holes, or sets of holes, are by movement of the ring brought coincident one with
the other, access can be had for inspection or supply of oil, whereas a reverse move-
ment closes the opening. This ring may move on a screw thread, a bayonet
connection or be frictionally held. It may also when screwed serve as a locking
ring to the cap.
To provide ready access to the register chamber for inspection, repair or lubrica-
tion, but especially the last, we make the cylindrical cover, or shell, and the glass
over the dial capable of removal in a piece by sliding it upwards after having
released it from a screw lock ring which locks the threaded end of
the cylindrical cover to a flange rim of the base carrying the register mechanism
and its supporting parts. Or the register parts may be supported from a plate
immediately below the dial and, by unscrewing, the register mechanism, glass
cover and dial may all be released, leaving only the sides of the shell connected
to the rotatory ball bearings chamber.
Or the case containing the registering wheelwork, may have an outer tube or
sleeve surrounding it, with openings in the case and its outer tube or sleeve, so
that by rotating the said sleeve, the aperture of the inner case may be opened
or closed at will.
When this method is adopted we arrange a locking part in connection with
the lid over the dial in such a manner that the inner aperture cannot be exposed
until the lid has been partially rotated, and in equivalent manner the complete
closing of the lid can be prevented while the aperture remains open.
The registering apparatus with its spindle and ball bearings is carried in gim-
bals of the type described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to one
of us, dated 30th of October 1878, No. 4369.
In order to cause the instrument to accommodate itself readily to the line of
pull, it is advisable to have the apparatus evenly balanced, and it is an advantage
to keep the gimbal of moderate size. For this purpose, we so construct the case
containing the wheel work, that a portion thereof, say the first two worms and
the wheels in which they engage, shall be in an extra part of or recess in the
said case, which part, enables the gimbal supports to be brought sufficiently near
the dial end, for the even balance to be obtained; without increase of their size.
The proper distance apart of the races for the balls when the two portions of
the frame carrying them are screwed home may be regulated by means of a
screw or screws passing through one flange or part engaging one or more of
a series of holes or recesses at adjusted distances, in the other flange or opposed
part, or for the screw may be substituted a locking spring piece, or other
equivalent means.
Any convenient number of such superimposed parts may be arranged and the
portability of the balls and ball retaining parts separately be maintained.
The friction reducing arrangements of bearing parts may be applied to the
spindles of towing logs, as may also other of the improvements referred to.
Dated the 28th day of November 1898

page_text: THOMAS FERDINAND WALKER and THOMAS SYDNEY WALKER, both of the
Firm of Thomas Walker & Son, of 58, Oxford Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in ship-log apparatus more especially
of the type in which the rotator portion is in the water and the register
mechanism is located on board, as upon the taffrail although some portion of the
invention is also applicable to ship log apparatus in which the register mechanism
and rotator for actuating the same are both in the water, usually in the form
of one instrument, commonly called a towing log.
The invention is designed particularly to provide a ship log apparatus adapted
to the requirements of, and to overcome difficulties attendant upon, the registra-
tion of distances travelled by steam vessels travelling at the high modern rate
of speed, especially in respect of the greatly increased frictional strains and
wear and tear of connecting parts, furthermore increased facility is afforded for
the application of lubricants, without the disturbance of adjustments of co-acting
parts.
We construct the rotator, preferably as heretofore practised by us, with the
body of greater buoyancy towards the tail and with preponderant weight at the
head. The head we provide with a loop or eye to which is secured the end of
the line as by a loop of the line passing therethrough the two sides of the line
being whipped together. Over the loop of the line and the metal loop or eye of
the rotator is secured, preferably by screwing to the rotator nose or fore end, a
cover or removeable hollow cone or shield. This cover serves to protect the line
connections and by providing a smooth surface incline to reduce the friction of
the water thereon as the vessel travels.
We sometimes make the metal eye, with a projecting stem, passing inside the
line, so as to give it rigidity at the point where the line emerges from the remov-
able cone.
The revolutions of this rotator are transmitted, to the registering wheelwork,
by means of a hook and eye of novel construction adapted to give a secure hold
when engaged one with the other, by a simple movement, and when so engaged
to become rigid under normal towing strain thus preventing wear.
This hook and eye are respectively secured to the first spindle of the register
and to the inner end of the rotator line-preferably the hook to the "rotator"
line, and the eye to the register "first" spindle. This spindle is connected with
an anti-friction ball bearing device, to be herein after described, and at the point
when the spindle enters the casing of the register provision is made for the
exclusion of sea water which in practice might dash over such parts and would,
if it obtained an entry, corrode the steel parts.
The inner or fore end of the line we attach to a hook piece or male connection of a
peculiar form adapted to interlock or engage with an eye or female connection
also of suitable form. The male part has an eye to connect the line to, a stem
and a connection piece or hook. The female part has a relatively larger opening
of suitable form communicating with a smaller portion of the opening or recess.
The connection piece of the male part is introduced into the larger opening in
the female part approximately at right angles to the direction of pull, it is then
turned and allowed to drop home into the smaller opening or recess where it lies

page_text: snugly without rocking motion of any extent, thereby reducing the rubbing
action so destructive of ordinary means of connection used, which action takes
place especially at high speeds. This female part forms the outer end of a con-
nection to the stem, or spindle transmitting the rotations to the registering
mechanism, through the intervention of a clutch or equivalent disengageable
connection between said stem and the primary axis of the register means.
When a fly wheel is used to steady the rotation of the spindle it may either
be fixed direct on to the spindle or act as an intermediary between the line and
spindle. In the latter case, we make the fly-wheel with a disconnectable con-
nection such as referred to, the respective parts of which fit one into the other,
these parts being so arranged as to obviate frictional movements respectively.
To minimise the friction of the first spindle arising from the pull of the line
and rotator, we mount the spindle on antifriction ball bearings.
If we employ separated necklaces, or only one necklace of balls, we secure
the two halves of each ball race loosely to one another, by means of an inner
flanged sleeve. one end of which is screwed into one of the halves of the ball
race, while the flange prevents the other half from becoming separated, when
the race is removed from its connection with the spindle.
In order to facilitate the operation of unscrewing and screwing the said sleeve,
a diametrical slot is cut across the flanged end, so that a convenient coin can be
used as a screw driver.
In some instances we employ two adjacent circles of balls and corresponding
races; and, in such case, as well as when using a single race we make the whole of
the antifrictional bearing parts removable separately from the rest of the
mechanism, for cleansing or otherwise, without dislocation relatively of the balls
and raceway parts.
This is effected, in the single or separated arrangement, as already explained.
In the above mentioned double arrangement the lower or outermost half race rests
on, or is affixed to the base of the case, on it is superposed its circle of balls,
then a part which is affixed, preferably by key and keyway, to the spindle whose
rotation is to be facilitated and whose drag is to be borne; this part is formed
on the underside as a part race for the lower ball circle and on the upper face
as the lower half race of another ball circle above the second circle of balls, and
finally the other half race.
These race parts and balls are all locked and held in position but relatively
inseparable. This may be effected by bolts passing from a plate outside, above
the series to and through a plate below, with screw holes or nuts to secure them.
Or, instead of bolts, a threaded cylindrical part partially or wholly enveloping
the race parts may engage a correspondingly threaded plate, or cylindrical part,
at top or bottom, or top and bottom of the bearing parts.
With regard to the necklace of balls which bears the strain of the pull of the
line, we prefer to make the two halves of the race with separate grooves, in such
a manner that each half race resists the tendency of the balls to escape pressure
radially. By this means the effect of the pull of the line is of itself to maintain
the spindle in central position.
In the double arrangement previously described, the lower or outermost neck-
lace bears the pull, while the upper or inner necklace acts essentially as a means
of regulating the amount of end shake, practically having no wear: and we
sometimes so arrange the mechanism that the bearing parts can be readily trans-
posed so as to bring the unworn balls and race into the strain resisting position
when required, in which case we prefer to make both of the ball races with
separate grooves in their respective halves.
The case or chamber within which are enclosed the thrust resisting bearings
we so construct that, whilst normally liquid sealed, it can be readily opened for
access to the rotatory part and for supply of lubricant.
This may be attained by making the chamber part of a cylinder connected to the

page_text: base of the register chamber and providing a medial web or cross division, the
lower part being filled with oil up to and around the rotatory parts. The bottom
or outer end of the oil chamber is formed by a screw bayonet jointed or
equivalently locked cap, a central opening with a projecting sleeve giving passage
to the spindle.
This projecting sleeve while contracted at its outer end so as to nearly touch
the spindle, is internally enlarged to make room for a circular flange to project
from the spindle inside the said sleeve, the object of the flange being to prevent
the ingress of water to the chamber containing the ball races. The sleeve
chamber has also a hole on its underside to allow any water which may have
crept in to escape.
In the sides of the cylinder, in line with the ball bearings, are openings nor-
mally covered by a ring which is also provided with like holes and when the two
holes or sets of holes, are by movement of the ring brought coincidént one with
the other, access can be had for inspection or supply of oil, whereas a reverse move-
ment closes the opening. This ring may move on a screw thread, a bayonet
connection, or be frictionally held. It may also when screwed serve as a locking
ring to the cap.
To provide ready access to the register chamber for inspection, repair or lubrica-
tion, but especially the last, we make the cylindrical cover, or shell, and the glass
over the dial, capable of removal in a piece, by sliding it upwards after having
released it from a screw equivalently locked ring which locks the threaded end of
the cylindrical cover to a flange rim of the base carrying the register mechanism
and its supporting parts. Or, the register parts may be supported from a plate
immediately below the dial, and, by unscrewing the register mechanism, glass
cover and dial may all be released, leaving only the sides of the shell connected
to the rotatory ball bearings chamber.
Or, the case containing the registering wheelwork, may have an other tube, or
sleeve, surrounding it, with openings in the case and its outer tube, or sleeve, so
that by rotating the said sleeve, the aperture of the inner case may be opened
or closed, at will.
When this method is adopted we arrange a locking part in connection with
the lid over the dial in such a manner that the inner aperture cannot be exposed
until the lid has been partially rotated, and in equivalent manner the complete
closing of the lid can be prevented while the aperture remains open.
The registering apparatus with its spindle and ball bearings is carried in gim-
bals of the type described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to one
of us dated 30th October 1878, No. 4369.
I order to cause the instrument to accommodate itself readily to the line of
pull, it is advisable to have the apparatus evenly balanced, and it is an advantage
to keep the gimbal of moderate size. For this purpose we so construct the case
containing the wheel work, that a portion thereof, say the first two worms and
the wheels in which they engage, shall be in an extra part of, or recesses in, the
said case, which part enables the gimbal supports to be brought sufficiently near
the dial end, for the even balance to be obtained without increase of their size.
The proper distance apart of the races for the balls when the two portions of
the frame carrying them are screwed home, may be regulated by means of a
screw, or screws, passing through one flange, or part, engaging one, or more, of
a series of holes, or recesses, at adjusted distances, in the other flange, or opposed
part; or, for the screw, may be substituted a locking spring piece or other
equivalent means.
Any convenient number of such superimposed parts may be arranged and the
portability of the balls and ball retaining parts separately be maintained.
The friction reducing arangements of bearing parts may be arranged to the
spindles of towing logs, as may also other of the improvements referred to.
Although we have shown our invention embodied in a taffrail log apparatus,

page_text: and the description herein after is particularly directed to such an embodiment,
any similar form of "inboard" register apparatus for a log will come within
the scope of our invention.
By the term "register," we mean that portion of the ship log apparatus inward
of the towing line, and, by the "rotator," we mean any usual implement towed
in the water and so constructed as to rotate in that element under the stress of
the friction developed by towage.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, represents, by external side view, one form of ship log register
apparatus.
Figure 2, shows the same part in section.
Figures 2 and 2** show details.
Figure 3 shows a front view of the register looking towards the dial face; and
Figure 4, shows a corresponding external view, looking at the back of the
register" casing.
Figure 5, shows an external side view of the front part of the "register"
with the cover for the wheel work and dial removed to a short distance therefrom.
Figures 6 and 7 show, by side view and edge view respectively, the shape of
the hook, or male portion of the fastener of the tow line to the "eye," or female
portion, on the register spindle.
Figures 8 to 21 inclusive show the antifriction ball bearing device and details
of its various parts.
Figures 22 to 28* inclusive show modified arrangements of screw- and spring-
locking parts for the discs carrying the ball-races.
Figures 29 to 34, inclusive, show respectively a single set of balls, within
two race ways formed in two discs connected by a flanged sleeve and details of
the component parts thereof.
Figures 35 and 36 show two arrangements of double or twin sets of balls and
ball races, separately applied on a log register spindle.
Figure 37 shows a side view of the register case, Figure 38 a sectional view,
taken on the line - of Fig. 37; and Fig. 39 a detail being a portion of the
inner casing and frame A³, showing the position of the slot for the screw n³
attached to the sliding cover to reciprocate in, as the cover is moved to and fro
to expose or cover the wheel-work, so as to prevent that cover becoming detached
from the case.
Figure 40 shows a sectional view of the case for the wheel-work, with the
wheelwork frame and first worm and other parts extended into the recess A
therein and it will be seen that the apertures in the outside sleeve and wheel
work case are not shown coincident and consequently access to the interior is
obstructed.
Figure 41 is an external view of Figure 40, except that the apertures in
sleeve and case are here brought coincident and access to the interior is free.
Figure 42 is a sectional view of the barrel or chamber A, taken transversely of
Figure 40 on the line and looking towards the left hand. In this figure the
contents of the case are absent.
Figure 42 is another section taken on the line y-y of Figure 41 looking to-
wards the left hand thereof but with the lid partially rotated.
Figure 43 shows a side view of a part of the front end of a rotator with a piece
of line protruding.
Figure 44 is a part section of the same. Figure 45 shows end at right angle to
Figure 44 with the line and cone removed. Figure 46 shows the cone separately.
Figures 47 and 48 show an alternative construction of loop and Figures 49. 50.
and Fig. 50 another form of loon on the rotator front end combined with a
removable projecting stem on which the line is secured.
In the drawings, the barrel. or chamber A. contains the ball bearings, and
carries the trunnions w. the wheel-work and its frame and cover, as well as the

page_text: spindle b. a is the gimbal in the arms of which, at a³ the said trunnions aro
journalled. The stem a', supporting gimbal a², is socketted in the part a which
part is slidden into the flanged holder a and held therein by a lock pin a'.
The register case swings vertically on the trunnions a and horizontally on
the vertical pin or stem a, to align itself to the direction of pull.
€
The hook (see Figs. 6 and 7) is formed with an open loop into which is
entered and fastened the inward end of the rotator line. The sides of the
hook care substantially flat and the recess is substantially square, whilst
the parts and are rectangular, in cross section.
An incline at is provided to facilitate engagement with its fellow part of the
connection.
The eye d is also made of somewhat flat form at its sides and has a rect-
angular recess d¹ to fit the hook c. The parts of the sides of larger opening d³
are made curved to ease the engagement of the hook c. This hook is engaged
with the eye d, by entering its end into d³, when the hook c is in a position at
right angles to Fig. 6, and by a quarter turn of the hook relatively to the eye
in the plane of its entry, and then a quarter turn at right angles to align the hook
and eye to their operative positions (as seen in dotted lines as regards the hook
in Figs. 1 and 7). The part of the hook c fits tightly in the correspondingly
shaped part of the eye d and the two parts, in operation, practically work as
if one piece and so any frictional wear is averted.
is made hollow and
1 of the spindle b.
in the stem d the
As more clearly seen in Fig. 2, the stem of the eye
with a screw thread to engage the corresponding screw thread
For further security, a screw 2 is passed through a hole
said hole being threaded to fit the said screw which projects into the annular
recess near the end of spindle serving to lock it.
As shown in Fig. 2, the spindle is mounted in a sleeve e which has an
annular flange el, said sleeve is entered into the opening f¹ in the end plate f
of the casing and is held in place therein, but without contact with the casing or
end plate, the said sleeve being tightly held between the disc h and the screwed
socket ; around the opening f¹, and so as to cover the annulus c¹, is fastened
the dome g, by screws g¹ passing into plate f, any water entering between the
lip, around the outer end of the sleeve e, is intercepted by the projection e¹
and trapped in the annular space within that dome and can trickle away through
the small outlet provided therein at 9. The spindle b has a fork b formed by
two curved side pieces and a hollow chamber in the larger diameter 66. The cleft
between the parts of the fork engage end of spindle m. 67 is a projecting pin,
which serves, by engagement in a recess in the disc h to be described, to couple
the spindle and the said disc together so as to ensure that they shall rotate in
unison.
The antifriction bearings of the spindle bare constituted as follows:-the
disch has an annular raceway on each face, on opposite sides of this disc h are
other discs and 2 each provided on the side next to h with a circular raceway,
and between these races are held the respective sets of balls 1, 2, in two neck-
laces. These races, discs and balls are held in operative connection by a case
(more clearly seen in Figs. 10 and 11) composed of circular shell one end of
which is partially open and formed with a flange internally threaded to engage
the corresponding screw thread ft on the circular flange f³ of the end plate f
Fig. 2.
This shell when in working form, is partially closed, at its opposite end, by
the ring or cover, said ring having a circular flange (see Figs. 12 and 13)
formed on its outer edge with a screw thread to engage a thread on the inner
surface of the shell at its open end 5, see Fig. 10.
This ring has a flanged opening internally threaded the same as the
flange and so that when the shell and its cover are connected, either end of
the shell casing can be reversed and screwed on to the thread of the flange f³
Fig. 2, and thereby reverse the functions of the two sets of balls and races,

page_text: should any greater extent of wear be developed on the one set than on the
other.
The discs and balls can be adjusted as to the amount of clearance between
them, by screwing the ring in or out of the shell k, and when so adjusted the
ring can be locked in that position by the following device:
The outer edge of the ring is milled to facilitate handling and on the edge
atk (see Figs. 12 and 13) is formed an annular recessed surface on which lies
snugly a fiat annular piece provided with two longitudinally projecting
horns, . Figs. 14 and 15, which are adapted to lie in the recesses, k,
Fig. 11, formed by the projections on the rim of the shell k. On the surfaces
of the rings and 46, which are approximately level, are laid the small plates k¹º,
o and through an opening in each is inserted a screw which enters a tapped
hole (see Fig. 13) in the face of the ring and when these screws are
tightened they cause the plates 10 to lock the rings and together and the
horns lock them to the shell k.
Referring to Fig. 2, the ball bearings can be removed bodily, with the spindle
and other attached parts, from the barrel A of the casing, by unscrewing the
joint between the end plate f and that barrel.
In order to disconnect the spindle, the small screw 62 must be partially wita
drawn, so as to allow the stem or socket d³ to be unscrewed from the outer end of
the spindle b, which can then be freely withdrawn longitudinally from its con-
nection with the ball bearings.
Although we have shown the spindle mounted in the sleeve e with its annulus e¹,
the said sleeve and its annulus might form a solid part of the spindle itself, in
which case we make the fork at the inner end of the spindle a separate part,
the portion being internally threaded so as to screw on to the inner end of the
spindle which is provided with a corresponding male screw. This part 66 beds
firmly on to the disc h which is thus held tight between the part 66 and the
shoulder on the spindle which corresponds with the inner end of the sleeve e,
as shown in Fig. 2.
To remove this construction of spindle from the ball bearings, it would be
merely necessary to unscrew the fork band its socket 66, from the spindle b,
and the latter can then be freely withdrawn.
Fig. 2** shows, by a side view, partly in section, this modified construction,
whilst Fig. 2 shows separately the spindle b as in Fig. 2.
The shell with its contained discs and balls can be separated from the other
parts, after the removal of the spindle, as already described, and, after its dis-
connection from the end plate f, this set of parts, as an entirety, can be cleaned,
regulated and lubricated before being replaced without disturbing the relations
of the antifriction parts at all.
The back plate A2 of the case A¹ enclosing the wheel work and its framing A³,
is rabetted at a so as to fit the flange a¹0 of the ring a", which ring is internally
screw threaded at a2 in order that it may engage the thread on the raised
rim 13 of the cover A¹, which cover fits the outer surface of the inner case or
framing A3 around the wheel work C which, in usual manner, actuates the
pointers C in their revolutions over the face of the dials. This cover has a usual
glazed front A capable of being turned back off the dial on a pin a Fig. 3.
By means of the removal of the case or cover A¹ by the simple operation of
unscrewing the ring a¹¹ and sliding the cover outwards, access to the wheel work
is obtained directly, without necessitating disconnection of parts of the move-
ment, or the dial or pointers, in a manner not previously accomplished, saving
much time and labor, besides avoiding the risk of derangement of the mechanism
when handling is effected by inexpert persons.
With regard to the necklaces of balls 1, 2, in this particular arrangement, it
is which bears the strain of the pull of the line acting on the spindle 3 while
the inner necklace , which acts as a means of regulating the amount of end

page_text: shake, practically has no wear. The barrel or chamber A being practically
quid ught it might be filed with oil to above the level of the lowermost balls of
the necklaces or thereabouts.
The annular flange e' is herein described and shown on the drawings as integral
with the sleeve e or with the spindle b, but it can readily be understood that it
may be made in separable forin, its function being to prevent sea water from
creeping into the ball bearing chamber.
Figs. 22, 23, 24 and 25 show a modification of the arrangement of balls, races,
case and adjusting device shown in Figs. 8 to 21.
Fig. 22 is a section taken in the line of the spindle b.
Fig. 23, is an external side view of Fig. 22.
Fig. 24 is an internal face view of the ring k².
Fig. 25 is face view of the case k with the ring removed to show holes k to
receive the screw k¹.
Figs. 26 and 27 show another modification.
Fig. 26 shows an external view of a case k and parts, as in Fig. 22, except that
the retention of adjustment is attained by means of a spring which locks itself
in a groove in the case and in one of the series of grooves or notches in the
Hange of the ring or cover ; and Fig. 27, shows an internal face view of the
ring or cover showing the series of notches referred to.
Fig. 28 shows an external side view of a case, as in the previous Figures 26
and 27, but with the spring applied on the ring and locking itself when
the parts are adjusted, in the notch selected, one of the series in the edge of
the case and Fig. 28 shows the interior face of ring used in Fig. 28.
Fig. 29 shows in section, a single necklace of balls with the two half ball race
discs and secured loosely to one another, by means of an inner flanged
sleeve, the threaded end of which screws into one of the halves of the ball
race as ³, while the flange prevents the other half h from becoming separated,
when the races h3 h and their connector 5 holding the balls, are removed from
connection with the spindle 6 for cleansing or otherwise. h is a diametrical
slot cut across the flanged end of the flange 5 into which can be partly entered a
convenient coin to be used as a screw driveroto screw and unscrew h5 into and
out of 3. Fig. 30 is an external view of the parts shown in section by the
previous figure, and Figs. 31, 32, 33 and 34 are sectional views and an end view
respectively of the separated parts of the Fig. 29.
Two or more such sets of balls and races, with retaining parts may be employed
on one spindle separated by shoulders or flanges or otherwise.
In Figure 35 is shown an arrangement wherein are employed duplicate sets
of separated raceways and balls therein, with their supporting and retaining
means, but although, as shown, in this figure, the upper (and in use the inner)
set and the lower (in use the outer) set are counterparts of each other this arrange-
ment is mainly adopted on account of the convenience afforded for reversing the
location of the respective sets on the spindle b should the set which bears the
greater strain and wear, arising from the drag of the rotator and line, become
more worn. In Fig. 35 the inner set receives the greater amount of strain and
the outer set receives the less work, its function being to bear the lateral pres-
sure and any inward thrust to the spindle b should it arise. If desired, for
economy or otherwise, the outer set of ball race parts may be made of any usual
or convenient construction, but we prefer the construction here described and
shewn in Fig. 29 for the set which has to resist the pull of the spindle 6 when
that spindle is drawn upon by the line. As here shown, the set of ball bearing
parts h bears the pull and h* resists lateral displacement of the spindle b.
99
In Fig. 35 it will be seen that the flanged sleeve connectors are arranged
with the flange ends towards the midspace in the intermediate containing
chamber 7.
The discs h of the respective "sets" of "ball" parts are first entered into

page_text: the opposite ends of the chamber 1, until those discs rest against the opposite
sides of the projecting annular part of the inner wall at .
The spindle is then passed through the central openings in the connectors
connecting the respective sets together, until the flange 6 or a like part, rests in
the recess formed, as shown, in the disc h and the outer shoulder of the spindle b
is flush with the inner surface of the recess in the outer disc 3 when the flanged
sleeve e can be passed thereon and secured there, by means of the threaded hollow
stem d of the eye d (here only partially shown).
"
"
>
The arrangement of parts shown by Fig. 36 differs from that indicated by
the preceding figure mainly in respect of the positions of the pull resisting "set"
and lateral thrust bearing "set," these parts being here shown inverted relatively
to Fig. 35, the outer set h here sustaining the pulling strain and the inner set h*
the lateral strain. The relative positions of the individual parts of the sets
in this figure are modified-the connectors 5 being here inserted into and
affixed to their respective dises and then the sets h* and h are threaded onto the
spindle until the discs ³ rest against opposite flanges 6 of the spindle 6 and
the spindle 6 with its bearings, is then introduced into the barrel A, and against
the annular projection n' therein. The end plate f is then passed onto the
spindle and screwed up, until the two sets of ball races-kept apart by
Hanges 66 are held in place between the annular projection n' and the inner
surface of said cover plate f in operative position. In this construction
(Fig. 36) the intermediate chamber can be dispensed with and as shewn the
annulus e is a separate ring disc, held firmly up against the outer shoulder of
spindle by means of the screwed socket 5.
In the event of wear, or otherwise, and it becoming necessary to make adjust-
ment this may be effected by applying thin washers under the outer ball races
in the figures just described, or in other convenient manner.
In the arrangement of fastening shown by Figs. 37, 38 & 39 provision is made
for retaining the connection between the cover A' and the framing A³ of the
wheelwork and restricting the distance it can be withdrawn (see Fig. 37) when
the spring catches n n are removed from the holes n¹, one hole n¹ being seen in
Fig. 37.
This sliding of the cover is controlled by the tails of the screws n² fixed in
the cover A traversing in the grooves n³ formed in the framing A³ and shown
in plan in Fig. 39.
This means of controlling the movement of the cover A¹ may be applied to
the case shown in Fig. 1, if required.
Although the case locking spring n, Figs. 37-38, is shown applied circum-
ferentially of the case A¹ and correspondingly circular in form the same may be
applied longitudinally of the case and be modified in form to circumstances.
The oiling of the balls 2, 3, see Fig. 2, and their races can be effected through
holes o, o in the upper part of the case A and these holes are normally covered
by a rotatable band of having holes o³, o², which are brought coincident with
the holes o, o, to open a passage and are turned around for closing the same.
Referring to Figures 40, 41, 42, & 42* p is the first worm of the wheelwork
(only partially shown) this worm is chiefly located within the recess A. A³ is
the wheelwork frame and C¹ indicate dial fingers. A¹ is the case, provided with
an aperture therein at A6 A8 is an outside case or sleeve rotatable between the
enlargement of the diameter of the case at A7 and the back plate A². This
rotatable sleeve or case A8 has also an aperture A³, corresponding to the aperture
in the case A¹. By the relative motion of this sleeve and the case, these aper-
tures can be brought coincident, or can be respectively obscured by the solid
part of the adjacent metal. A5, is the dial cover (see Figs. 40 & 42*) hinged at a¹¹
and locked at a5 by the latch pin a¹6 mounted on the end of the spring a¹
screwed to the case at a¹8, the toe of the spring a forming an abutment against
the case A³.
This same spring also is provided with a nose a20 projecting at right angles

page_text: to the pin a; and this nose is adapted, in the revolution of the sleeve A³, to
drop into a hole a formed therein and to lock it in position, when (see Fig. 42)
that notch is under the nose a and the respective apertures Aº, A° in sleeves and
case are obscured and access to the wheelwork prevented.
In Fig. 42* the two apertures are coincident the locking nose a20 out of hole a21,
is resting on the rim A', of the sleeve A8 and the pin a is free of the notch a¹s
in the rim of the dial cover said cover being partially raised.
In the foregoing description, aided by reference to the corresponding figures of
the drawings, it has been shewn how ready access for examination of the wheel
work can be had and oiling attended to, also means have been shewn for remov-
ing the balls and ball races together with the first spindle and the connections
between these parts; also means whereby adjustably connected races and balls
with the connector can be withdrawn and examined or cleansed, without dis-
turbing their relation, and replaced in position, and also means for regulating
the adjustment of the ball races, and for locking them in adjusted position when
the two portions of the frame carrying them are screwed, or secured, in position,
and we will now proceed to describe connections of the line and rotator.
Referring to Figures 43, 44, 45 & 40, the cone r is slidden upon the line s
the line is bent and whipped onto the projecting stem and the loop t², then
the cone is slidden over this junction and the internal thread thereof is engaged
with the male screw on the front of the rotator t.
In the modification Figs. 47 & 48, the line of the rotator can be engaged, or
removed from its engagement, with the loop formed by the cross bar and side
stems, by unscrewing the screwed end of that cross bar & from the threaded
opening in the side stem to projecting as shown from the rotator t. This loop
and its base 18 may be made in one with the rotator head, or be connected thereto
in any convenient way (see Fig. 47 & 48).
Fig. 49, shows by a side view partly in section, and Fig. 50, by another side
view taken at right angles to the preceding figure, another modification in which
the projecting stem is left connected to the line s whilst it is detachable from
the fore end of the rotator t by unscrewing the cross bar to and removing it
from the arms to, t.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In a ship log apparafus, a casing for the "first" spindle and its bearing
parts having affixed thereto a base plate, wheelwork and wheelwork framing com-
bined with a screw threaded or equivalent locking ring and a removeable cover
provided with a glazed front and a screw thread to be engaged with the locking
ring, substantially as set forth.
2. In a ship log, the "first" spindle of the register having a screw connection
combined with an attachment eye having a squared socket and a hook provided
with a correspondingly square attachment, substantially as set forth.
3. In a ship log, a bearing of the "first" spindle of the register having the
following instrumentalities viz:-a plurality of necklaces of balls, races therefor,
formed half in opposite faces of discs, one disc being attached by a discon-
nectible connection to and rotatable with said spindle and the other discs being
clamped in adjusted position in an enclosing case, substantially as set forth.
4. In a ship log, an anti-friction bearing for the "first" spindle of the register
having the following instrumentalities viz:-a disc removably connected to such
spindle having on each face a raceway, a necklace of balls to rotate partially in
each of those raceways, a disc on each opposite side of the first mentioned "disc
and having on the opposed face of each such disc a raceway to engage the balls
combined with an enclosing cylindrical shell, a closing ring, adjustably engaging
that shell, and a locking device connected to the closing ring and cylindrical
shell, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 5. In a ship log, a bearing for the "first" spindle of the register, a "first"
spindle and an annular projection around said spindle in combination with a
cover, connected to the casing of the register enclosing said annular projection
as well as the entry opening for insertion of the "first" spindle into that casing,
substantially as set forth.
6. In a ship log, a register wheel-work, pointers and dial, their framing and
a sliding removable cover, locking ring therefor, a first" spindle, a bearing
therefor in combination with an attachable eye having a larger entry opening
and a smaller rectangular socket, for a correspondingly rectangularly shaped
hook, substantially as set forth.
7. The construction and use of a skeleton framing or inner casing for wheel-
work mechanism in combination with a sliding outer cover, as A¹, arranged so
that the skeleton case becomes a part of the wheel work frame and facility is
afforded for the sliding off of the said outer cover, without injury to or disturb-
ance of the wheel-work, dial or dial indicators, substantially as set forth and
shown by the drawings, particularly with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 5.
8. In a ship log, a train of wheelwork, a framing therefor, a case normally
fixed to the wheelwork framing, a dial and pointers movably connected to the
wheelwork and framing, a sliding cover separable from the wheelwork framing
and case, a
"first" spindle, bearings therefor composed of moveable discs, sets
of interposed balls, an enclosing fixed shell, a retaining ring adjustable relatively
to said shell, discs and balls, and a locking device between said shell and retain-
ing ring, substantially as set forth.
"
9. In a ship log, a register wheelwork train, its supporting frame and casing,
a removable cover to the dial and wheelwork, a locking means, a disconnectable
"first" spindle and enclosing barrel, an anti-friction bearing between said "first"
spindle and such enclosing barrel, embodying two necklaces of balls, a disc
between them formed with raceways on its opposiste sides, a disc formed with
a raceway on its inner face engaging the outer sides of each of said necklaces
of balls, an enclosing shell for these balls and discs, a fixing and adjusting
ring engageable with said shell, and a locking device between said adjusting ring
and enclosing shell, reversible means of connection between such shell and the
casing thereof, and means for trapping and removing spray water, substantially
as set forth.
10. The construction and use of the various combinations of parts forming
connections between ship log rotators and the lines conveying their motions to
registering apparatus on board, as described and shown with reference to
Figure 44 to 50* inclusive.
11. The construction and use of parts of a case to contain the register wheel
work in ship log apparatus for facilitating occasional access to, and at other times
for protecting, such wheel work, as described and shown with reference to Figs. 37,
38, 39, 40, 41 42 and 42*.
12. The construction and use of ball bearing races connected loosely together,
substantially as and for the purpose described with reference to the drawings
Figs. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34.
13. The construction and use of a ship log register case A with an extension A
to receive a portion of the wheel work, as and for the purpose set forth with
reference to the drawings Figs. 40 and 41.
14. The construction and use of ball bearing races and connecting parts in
pairs or "sets" loosely connected so as to be separable from adjacent parts and
applied in separated "sets" to support the spindle of a ship log register, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth and shown by the drawings Figs. 35
and 36.
15. The construction and use of ball bearing races and connecting parts in
separable pairs within an intermediate chamber as 7, in the casing of a ship log
register, so as to support the first" spindle thereof, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth with reference to Fig. 35,

page_text: 16. The various constructions of pairs or "sets" of ball bearing race ways
. and devices for connecting and retaining in adjusted position said parts around,
and as a support for, the "first" spindle of a ship log register, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth and shown by the drawings.
17. The construction and use of a "first" spindle, in combination with a
66
set"
or "sets" of ball bearing race way devices and connecting parts, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth and shown by the drawings.
18. The various constructions, and combinations, of parts of ship log apparatus,
substantially as set forth and shown by the drawings.
Datad the 24th day of Anouch 1900
WM. BROOKES & SON,
Agents for the Applicants, 55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London,