IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND GRATES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Percival Everitt, of Great Ryburgh, in the County of
Norfolk, and Alfred Barnard, of Norwich, in the same County, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND GRATES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Percival Everitt and Alfred
Barnard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October
1881.
PERCIVAL EVERITT, of Great Ryburgh, in the County of Norfolk, and ALFRED
BARNARD, of Norwich, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND
GRATES."
The object of this Invention is to consume the smoke and increase the heat in
stoves and grates, thereby saving the fuel.
In constructing, for example, an ordinary open grate according to our Invention,
we preferably make the bottom, back, and sides of the grate of firebrick, and we
form a passage or passages running at the bottom, sides, and back of the grate, the
said passage or passages commencing preferably below the level of the bottom of
the grate, and terminating in one or more apertures in the sides and back of the
grate some distance above the fuel.
The inlet to the said passage or passages may be in connection, if desirable, with
the outside of the room.
The effect of this arrangement is as follows:-The cold air enters the lower inlet
or inlets, and by contact with the heated passage or passages is raised to a high
degree of temperature. It then rushes upwards, and passes out at the slit or
apertures in the sides and back of the grate, coming in contact with the products
of combustion nearly at right angles thereto, and acting somewhat on the principle
of a blow pipe, thereby causing the smoke to be consumed, and also increasing the
beat. The inlets, passages, and outlets may be made of such forms as may be most
suitable to the shape of the stove, and also so as to impart the greatest amount of
heat and draught to the air in its course through the said passages.
it desirable to use cones or other means for increasing the draught.
We may find

page_text: This Invention relates chiefly to that class of stove known as "slow combustion,"
but the arrangement of bringing a current of heated air in contact with the products
of combustion slightly above the top of the fuel is obviously easily adapted to all
classes of stoves and kitchen ranges.
As a modification of the above arrangement we propose in certain cases to use a
kind of baffle at the back or sides of the grate, and extending towards the front of
the same, and we further propose to bring out the heated air, as above described,
either above or below these baffles, as may be found most desirable.
To this baffle, which we preferably make of fire-brick or its equivalent, we
preferably give a downward inclination towards the front of the grate, and thus
form as it were a combustion chamber in which the smoke collects and is to a great
extent consumed, and which also causes the heated gases of combustion to pass in
close proximity to the front of the grate, thereby throwing heat into the room
which would otherwise pass up the chimney.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Percival Everitt and Alfred Barnard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th April 1882.
PERCIVAL EVERITT, of Great Ryburgh, in the County of Norfolk, and ALFRED
BARNARD, of Norwich, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND
GRATES.?
The object of this Invention is to effect a more perfect combustion of the fuel
used in open fire places than has hitherto been attained. To this end we-form by
means of a baffler above the fireplace, and extending from side to side thereof, a
combustion chamber, and while the, fire is burning we deliver into that chamber a
current of hot air, which mingling with the gases of combustion will ensure the
consumption of the smoke given off by the fuel, and effectually prevent the escape
of solid carbon into the chimney.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in front elevation, and Fig. 2 in
vertical section our Invention as applied to what is known as a slow combustion
fire grate
In these Figures A is the fire place, formed of cheeks of fire clay B, B, and a back
and bottom C of the same material, with front bars D of cast iron, and below them
a fret D¹
Below and behind this fire place is a curved iron casting E embedded in concrete,
and forming one side of an air passage F, the other side of the passage being formed
by the moulded lump C.
This air passage is covered in front by the fret D¹, and by means of tongues
entering grooves in the casting E the fret is held in place. The casting E forms a
balf lining to the air passage F.
In the fret D¹ air holes & are made for admitting air to the passage F, and these
holes we by preference contract inwards, so that they form conical inlets for the air,
and thus quicken its in draught.
The casting E is provided with flanges to support the lump C in position, and
the lump may be further secured by cementing it to the cheeks B.
Between the upper edges of the lump C and casting E is a horizontal opening
for the exit of the air from the passage F, and immediately above this opening the
baffle G is situate. This baffle consists of a slab of fire clay which extends from
side to side of the fire place, and has a dip of some four inches to the front.
This baffle is mounted with a longitudinal rib at its back to enter a horizontal
grooves cast in the lining E, and it rests in guides formed on the cheeks B. To
secure it in its place it is only necessary to slide it into position and cause its
longitudinal rib to interlock with the groove of the casting E. By this mode of
fitting the baffle access may be readily obtained to the chimney, it being only
necessary to lift the baffle clear of the casting in order to remove it from the grate.
The fret D' is made detachable to facilitate the removal of any ash that may be
drawn into the passage F by the current of air.
When the fire is lighted in this grate the fire-clay lump will be quickly heated,
and as the temperature rises rises air will be drawn through the openings d into
the passage F, and will be discharged therefrom as a hot stream of air into the
space below the baffle G, which from its position above the fire place will tend to
retain any smoke that may be evolved from the fuel, and hold it under the action
of the heated air.
As the baffle itself becomes heated a complete combustion of the smoke below it
will be effected, and the gases of combustion freed of solid particles will leave the
combustion chamber, curling over the front edge of the baffle, and so passing to the

page_text: chimney. The escape of the heated gases being over the front edge of the baffle,
much beat that would otherwise pass directly into the chimney is utilized for
heating the apartment in which the fire place is situate.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that the Invention is
applicable to other open stoves than those known as slow combustion stoves or
grates, and as the changes, if any, requisite for adapting the Invention to other
kinds of open stoves will be obvious to the manufacturer, no further illustration of
the mode of adapting the Invention will be required.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements in Stoves
and Grates," and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it
to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
We claim, supplying to a combustion chamber situate immediately above the
open fire of stoves and grates an induced current of air, as and for the purpose above
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Percivall Everitt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.