IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES, AND
IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME."-A communication from
abroad by Oscar Densmore Woodbury, Edwin Channing Woodbury,
John Jay Sibley, and Hiram Cornclius Covert, all of the City and
State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd November 1870.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES,
AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention, which is applicable to brushes of various
kinds, is to produce a brush which shall have its bunch or bunches of
A

page_text: bristles firmly bound and securely held in the stock or back without of
necessity the use of cement, and without independent fastenings beyond
the means used to bind the bristles or necessary projection of the
bristles through the back or stock of the brush, although they may be
passed therethrough if desired.
The first part of the Invention consists in a novel construction of the
brush by securing the bunch or bunches of bristles within the hole or
holes formed for them in the back or stock of the brush by means of a
wire or wires passing spirally or helically around and binding the bristles,
and forming thereon screw threads, which are screwed into said holes.
To this end the bristles are collected in bunches of suitable size to fit,
when doubled as usual in the manufacture of other brushes, the hole
or holes in the brush back or stock. A wire or wires is or are then
passed through the loop formed by the doubling of the bristles, and bent
around the bristles so as to bind them, and to form screw threads on
them, so that when the bunch of bristles is screwed into its hole in the
stock the wire or wires by forming corresponding female threads in the
hole or by fitting in similar threads previously made therein will securely
hold the bunch of bristles to the stock. The two ends of each wire
may either be carried around the bristles separately from each other,
so as to produce a double thread, or they may be carried around side by
side, and it is preferred to make the ends of the wire terminate abruptly
or otherwise shape them, so that when the bunch is screwed home to its
hole in the block their engagement will be insured with the sides or
walls of said hole upon twist being applied to the bunch to unscrew
it from the hole, thereby serving to restrain the backward motion of
the bunch, and to retain it in place after it has been screwed into the
stock.
The second part of the Invention, which portion is divided into several
heads or comprises various peculiarities of details, consists in a machine
for making brushes, constructed mainly or wholly as described with
reference to the first part of the Invention. To this end the brush back
or block, which has its holes for reception of the bristles previously
made in it, is preferably laid in a loose or free manner on a bed or table
and approximately guided by the hand or otherwise, so as to bring one
of the holes in it under the devices which insert the bristles, when a
centering device moves laterally over said hole and centres it for the
reception of a bunch, after which the centering device rises and swings

page_text: or moves back again to one side to make room for the devices by which
the bunch is inserted. This action is repeated for each hole in suc-
cession in the brush back or block. The bristles to be inserted are
supplied or fed by any suitable means down into between the teeth of
an intermittently moving horizontal comb, from which they are taken
in suitable quantities by a saw-shaped reciprocating feeder that transfers
the bristles from each recess in the comb alternately or in succession
to a guage or twisted receiver, down and through which they are forced
by the action of the saw feeder, aided if desired by a crowding fork.
This twisted receiver serves to turn the bristles from a vertical into a
horizontal position or thereabouts, and to place or guage them ready
for reception within a hollow vertically reciprocating plunger, to which
they may be conveyed in quantities sufficient for a bunch by a separator
attached to said plunger. This hollow plunger is fitted at its lower end
with a tapering nut or mouth piece having a transversely disposed hole
through it, and formed with a female spiral thread in it, and within this
plunger is a longitudinally grooved and transversely perforated doubling
plunger that reciprocates partly in common with and partly independ-
ently of the outside or hollow plunger. The bristles having been
supplied in a sufficient quantity to form a bunch to the hollow plunger
through a slot in its side, either by the means herein-before described
or otherwise, and so that the bristles not only lie transversely within
but project on opposite sides beyond or through the bore of said plunger;
the doubling plunger descends within the latter, and catching on the
bristles between their supported portions folds or doubles by its con-
tinued descent the bristles up into its longitudinal grooves and carries
the doubled bristles down into the screw nut or internally threaded
mouth piece at the end of the outer or hollow plunger, which then has
its transverse hole or holes in line with the transverse hole in the
doubling plunger for the purpose of passing a wire through both
plungers and through the loop formed by doubling the bristles. This
passage of the wire may be made while the two plungers next move
down in common by the attachment of a wiring apparatus travelling for
awhile in concert with them, and which leaves a piece of wire of the
requisite length projected through the plungers and loop formed by the
bristles. The two plungers then come down to the brush back or block,
so that the internally threaded mouth piece of the hollow plunger rests
thereon, while the interior or doubling plunger lies over the hole in
which the bunch is to be inserted and is rotated, causing the wire to
A 2

page_text: be wound around or within the internally arranged screw thread of the
mouth piece, and around the bristles, so as to bind the latter, and by the
continued rotation of the doubling plunger causing the doubled and
wire bound bristles or bunch to be slipped off the doubling plunger and
to be screwed into the hole in the brush back or block, the spiral
binding wire cutting or threading its way therein. The doubling and
outside plungers then retire, the doubling plunger slightly or slowly
rotating in a reverse direction at starting to relieve itself of twist on
the bristles, or to release hold of the latter on it, as produced by the
twist given to the bristles in screwing the bunch home to its hole in
the back or, block of the brush. These actions are repeated for cach
bunch that is inserted. To facilitate the stopping of the action of the
machine a treadle arrangement is provided for disconnecting the driving
pulley from its shaft. The hub of the driving pulley is notched, and
into the notch takes a tooth on one end of a cranked lever, which lever
is pivotted on a disc keyed to the driving shaft. By the depression of
a treadle this crank lever is tipped and caused to disengage from the hub
of the driving pulley, when the pulley will be left to revolve freely on.
its shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd May 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Alfred
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exccutors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS.
IN BRUSHES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," being a com-
munication to me from abroad by Oscar Densmore Woodbury, Edwin.
Channing Woodbury, John Jay Sibley, and Hiram Cornelius Covert, all.
of the City and State of New York, United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,.
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describo.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho.
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
KNOW NOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):—
The object of this Invention, which is applicable to brushes of various
kinds, is to produce a brush which shall have its bunches of bristles
firmly bound and securely held in the stock or back without of necessity
the use of cement, and without independent fastenings beyond the means
used to bind the bristles or necessary projection of the bristles through
the back or stock of the brush, although they may be passed there-
through if desired.
The first part of the Invention consists in a novel construction of
the brush by securing the bunches of bristles within the holes formed.
in the back or stock of the brush to receive them by means of a wire
or wires passing spirally or helically around and binding the bristles,
and forming thereon screw threads which are screwed into the holes.
in the brush back. To this end the bristles are collected in bunches.
of suitable size to fit, when doubled as usual in the manufacture of
other brushes, into the holes in the brush back. or stock. A wire or
wires is or are then passed through the loop formed by the doubling
of the bristles and laid around the bristles so as to bind them and form.
screw threads thereon so that when the bunch of bristles is screwed
into its hole in the stock the wire or wires by forming corresponding
female threads in the hole or by fitting into similar threads previously.

page_text: made therein will securely hold the bunch of bristles to the stock.
The two ends of each wire may either be carried around the bristles
separately from each other so as to produce a double thread, or they
may be carried around side by side, and it is preferred to make the
ends of the wire terminate abruptly, or otherwise to shape them so
that when the bunch is screwed home in the stock their engagement
therewith will be insured upon twist being applied to the bunch to
unscrew it from the hole and the backward motion of the bunch will be
restrained.
The second part of the Invention consists in a machine for making
brushes constructed after the manner described with reference to the
first part of the Invention.
In carrying out this Invention the brush back or block which has
had holes for the reception of the bristles previously made in it is
preferably laid in a loose or free manner on a bed or table and
approximately guided by the hand or otherwise so as to bring one of
the holes in it under the devices which insert the bristles when a
centreing device moves laterally over the said hole and centres it for
the reception of a bunch, after which the centreing device rises and
swings or moves back again to one side to make room for the devices
by which the bunch is inserted. This action is repeated for each hole
in succession in the brush back or block. The bristles to be inserted
are supplied or fed by any suitable means into and between the teeth
of an intermittently moving horizontal comb, from which they are
taken in suitable quantities by a saw-shaped reciprocating feeder that
transfers the bristles from each recess in the comb alternately or in
succession to a guage or twisted receiver, down and through which
they are forced by the action of the saw feeder, aided if desired by a
crowding fork. This twisted receiver serves to turn the bristles from
a vertical into a horizontal position or thereabouts, and to place or
guage them ready for reception within a hollow vertically reciprocating
plunger to which they may be conveyed in quantities sufficient for a
bunch by a separator attached to said plunger. This hollow plunger
is fitted at its lower end with a tapering nut or mouth picce having
a transversely disposed hole through it and formed with a female spiral
thread in it, and within this plunger is a longitudinally grooved and
transversely perforated doubling plunger that reciprocates partly in
common with and partly independently of the outside or hollow plunger.

page_text: The bristles having been supplied in a sufficient quantity to form a
bunch to the hollow plunger through a slot in its side either by the
means herein-before described or otherwise, and so that the bristles
not only lie transversely within but project on opposite sides beyond
or through the bore of said plunger the doubling plunger descends
within the latter, and catching on the bristles between their supported
portions folds or doubles by its continued descent the bristles up into
its longitudinal grooves and carries the doubled bristles down into the
screw nut or internally threaded mouth piece at the end of the outer
or hollow plunger, which then has its transverse hole or holes in line
with the transverse hole in the doubling plunger for the purpose of
passing a wire through both plungers and through the loop formed
by doubling the bristles. This passage of the wire may be made while
the two plungers next move down in common by the attachment of
a wiring apparatus travelling for a while in concert with them, and
which leaves a piece of wire of the requisite length projected through
the plungers and loop formed by the bristles. The two plungers then
'come down to the brush back or block so that the internally threaded
mouth picce of the hollow plunger rests thereon while the interior or
doubling plunger lies over the hole in which the bunch is to be inserted
and is rotated, causing the wire to be wound around or within the
internally arranged screw thread of the mouth piece and around the
bristles so as to bind the latter, and by the continued rotation of
the doubling plunger, causing the doubled and wire bound bristles or
bunch to be slipped off the doubling plunger and to be screwed into the
hole in the brush back or block, the spiral binding wire cutting or
threading its way therein. The doubling and outside plungers then
retire, the doubling plunger slightly or slowly rotating in a reverse
direction at starting, to relieve itself of twist on the bristles or to
release hold of the latter on it as produced by the twist given to
the bristles in screwing the bunch home to its hole in the back or
block of the brush. These actions are repeated for each bunch that
is inserted.
Having thus specified the object and nature of the Invention its
description will be proceeded with in reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a sectional view of a brush in part having its
bristles attached to the stock in accordance with the Invention; Fig. 2

page_text: represents a detached bunch of bristles having the wire passed through
it but not yet bent spirally around it; and Figures 3 and 4 detached
bunches of bristles illustrating different ways in which the screw threads
as produced by the wire may be formed.
Fig. 5 represents a front elevation of a machine constructed in
accordance with the second part of the Invention applicable to making
brushes, as referred to in the first part of the Invention; Fig. 6 is a
partially sectional side elevation of the same; and Fig. 7, a sectional
plan taken mainly as indicated by the line 2, z, in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is
a sectional view in illustration of a device used in connection with a
treadle for stopping and starting the machine without arresting the
motion of the driving pulley; Fig. 9 represents an clevation as seen
from the rear of the principal mechanism and devices used for the
insertion of the bristles; Fig. 10 is a sectional view on an enlarged
scale of the doubling and outer plungers together with certain attach-
ments or devices working in concert therewith; Fig. 11 represents
a view of the brush back centreing mechanism detached; Figures 12, 13,
and 14 show respectively on an enlarged scale a plan of the wiring
apparatus or mechanism, an elevation of the lower portion of the
doubling plunger, and a sectional view of the internally threaded
screw nut or mouth piece at the lower end of the hollow or outer
plunger.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Drawing
by way of describing the construction of the improved brush or of one
description of brush made in accordance with the first part of the
Invention, and irrespective of any particular machinery for making the
'same. A, represents the back or stock of a brush constructed of wood
or other suitable material, and having bored in it the usual holes a,
for reception of the bristles. The bristles are collected or separated
into suitable quantities to form when doubled or bent over as usual in
the manufacture of other brushes bunches B of a size to fit the holes a...
A wire 6 is then passed through the loop formed by the doubling of the
bristles as shewn in Fig. 2, and afterwards bent spirally around the
bunch B of bristles so as to bind it and to form screw threads thereon,
as shewn, so that when the bunch of bristles is screwed into one of the
holes a in the stock the wire b by forming corresponding female threads
in the hole or by fitting within similar threads previously formed therein
will securely hold the bunch of bristles to the stock. The two ends of

page_text: cach other so as to form double screw threads, as shewn in Fig. 3, or
they may be carried around it side by side, as shewn in Fig. 4. The
ends of the wire b, by reason of their abrupt termination or by being
otherwise suitably formed to insure their engagement with the sides or
walls of the hole a upon any tendency to unscrew the bunch, serve to
prevent backward motion of the bristles, and consequently operate to
lock or retain them in place after they have been screwed into the
stock.
Referring in the next instance or more particularly to the several
Figures of the Drawing from Fig. 5 to Fig. 14 inclusive, C represents
the main frame of the machine. This frame may be of any suitable
construction for support of the working parts and carries at its top a
main horizontal driving shaft D. which receives its motion from a driving
pulley E, that is fitted loose on the said shaft. The hub c of this pulley
is notched as at d, Fig. 8, and works contiguous to or against a disc F,
which is fast on the shaft.D. Pivotted to this disc F is a double armed
pawle which engages with and disengages from the notched hub c of
the pulley accordingly as pressure is brought to bear upon or is relieved
from the upper arm of the pawl for the purpose of stopping or starting
the machine without arresting the motion of the driving pulley E.. To
this end the pawl e is thrown into driving gear or connection with the
notched hub c by a spring fon the face of the disc when pressure is
removed from the back of the upper arm of the pawl e, which is done by
suitably operating a crank lever g through the application of the foot of
the operator to a treadle connected by a rod h to the said lever. On
releasing pressure from the treadle a spring contrivance i serves to
throw up the treadle and to bear the lever 9 against the upper arm of
the pawl e till the said arm is arrested by a stop k on the disc. The
pawl is thus thrown and held out of gear with the notched hub c, and
the machine is stopped without arresting the motion of the driving
pulley. This arrangement of parts forms a very simple, smooth, quick,
and efficient stopping and starting device. G is a secondary shaft
arranged vertically within the machine, and deriving its motion from the
main shaft D by bevil gear l. This shaft G serves to operate the devices
by which the bristles are fed to the plungers that effect the doubling of
the bristles, the binding of them by the wire, and the insertion of the.
bunch in the brush back, also the devices by which the. wire is fed to

page_text: and through the bristles after the same have been doubled, and the
mechanism for centreing the brush back or block under the bunch
inserting devices as the plungers which operate over the hole in the
brush back or block that receives the bunch may be termed. These
last-mentioned devices are operated by the other or main shaft D; His
the bed or table on which the brush back or block A lies. This table
is adjustable up or down by means of a slide working in a suitable
guide frame and operated by a screw m to set the brush back to its work,
the guide frame also being adjustable laterally in a curvilinear direction
as by a slot or groove n, Fig. 5, to give the table varied angular positions
to suit brush backs of different shape. J (Fig. 7) is a horizontal comb
arranged over an upper table K, Fig. 6, which is situated some distance
above the table H, but a little to one side or in the rear of it. This
comb, the teeth of which face the front of the machine, has an inter-
mittent travel in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 7) a tooth or space
between two teeth at a time when feeding the bristles to the bunch
forming and inserting devices. The bristles o represented by red lines
and dots in the Drawing are placed by any suitable means within
the teeth of the said comb so that they stand in an upright position
therein projecting for about half their height or length above the comb
and resting at their lower ends on the table K. Each intermittent
movement of the comb which is effected (when released from a stop as
hercin-after described) by a weight p and cord 9 passing over suitably
arranged pulleys causes a space between two contiguous teeth in the comb
to be brought opposito a twisted receiver or guage L into and down through
which the bristles in the said comb space are passed by the action
of a cross intermittently reciprocating saw or feeder of saw shape M.
This saw feeder has its motion communicated to it in the one direction
by a toe cam on the shaft G operating against a roller carried by a rod
or arms which is guided in its course by travelling along a fixed slot t.
The saw feeder M is worked in a reverse direction or thrown forwards
by a spring u pulling on the arm 8. Each forward motion of the saw
feeder projects a certain quantity of the bristles in the comb space facing
the spiral receiver L into the said receiver which discharge from the
comb and feed of the bristles into and through the receiver L may be
aided and the saw feeder M be relieved in its action by a crowding
fork N operating on the bristles on either side of the receiver, through
the sides of which the bristles project. This crowding fork receives a
suitable reciprocating motion to perform its work from a cam on the

page_text: shaft G and a spring to, and also an up and down motion at the end
of its back stroke, and when starting forward by an incline x on the
rear sliding portion of the fork stem working through a slotted guide
and a spring y, which latter also serves to hold the fork down during
the remainder of its travel. The up and down movement of the
crowding fork is to enable the latter to get a proper hold on the
bristles when commencing its feeding stroke. The bristles o as they
are crowded down and through the twisted receiver L are turned
so as to occupy a horizontal position across the path of a vertically
reciprocating bristles divider and conductor N* (Fig. 10) attached to.
the outer or hollow plunger P of the inserting devices, which plunger
has arranged within it the doubling plunger Q. Before describing the
action of these devices however which operate upon detached quantities
of the bristles as taken by the divider and conductor N* from the
twisted receiver L, in size or amount corresponding to the bunches to be
made, it may here be stated that the resistance of the bristles in the
comb space opposite the receiver L serves to restrain the saw feeder M
from making a full forward stroke under the action of the spring u, and
while the saw feeder is thus limited in its stroke it holds a spring stop a¹
in locking position on the comb J to prevent it from moving forwards,
but on such comb space being emptied of its bristles by the action of
the saw, then the latter is free to move further forwards, and by an
incline 6' on its face is caused to temporarily lift the spring stop a', so
that the comb J is at liberty to move forwards, a tooth or succeeding
bristles holding space under the action of the weight p to keep up the
supply to the receiver L, and so on in succession for each comb space,
till the comb J is emptied when it may be drawn back to be re-filled.
The bristles divider and conductor N* which passes through the delivery
end of the receiver L has combined with it an independent follower or
gate R arranged above the divider N*, and serving in conjunction with
the divider N✶ to limit the supply of bristles from the twisted receiver L
and shut off discharge therefrom at the periods they are not required to
enter the hollow plunger P to which they are conducted by inclined
upper edges c¹ of the device N* in rear of the dividing knife d', and in
line with an oblique slot e¹ in the hollow plunger, within and through
which latter the bristles lie and project in a crosswise direction. The
gate R has the lower ends of its sides f¹ the converse of the upper
edges c¹ of the divider and conductor so as to form an inclined passage
down into the hollow plunger P. The said gate R is made capable of

page_text: sliding up and down a fixed frame g¹ under the control of the plunger P,
and of springs h', h¹, (Fig. 9). The position of this gate when the
plunger P is down to the work is such that egress is shut off from the
receiver L, said gate being drawn and held down to its closing position
by the springs h', h', and being slightly tipped or tilted from a vertical
position, so that when the hollow plunger P rises from its work a
projection on the upper end of it will catch under the back of the
gate R and lift the latter in common with it for a brief interval and
until ears on the side of the gate come opposite recesses in the edges of
the fixed frame g', when the gate will fall out of the way of the plunger,
by the cars dropping into the recesses. This locks the gate R while the
plunger slides freely up over or against its back. The lift of the
plunger P on the gate R is such that it establishes a clear space or
opening between the top edge of the dividing knife d' and bottom edges
of the gate R for passage of the bristles from the receiver L as said
divider passes up through the receiver, the size of such opening being.
regulated if required by an adjusting nut k¹ on a screw stem of the
gate, upon which nut the springs ³, h³, are made to pull. In the descent.
again of the hollow plunger P, so soon as its upper projection & passes
the back of the gate R, the latter has its side ears thrown out of lock
with the recesses in the edges of the fixed frame g¹ by the action or
contraction of the springs h', to effect which the lower edges of the side
ears on the gate and corresponding edges of the recesses in the fixed
frame in which they fit are made bevilling, so that the springs h³, h',.
in pulling down on the gate will first throw the latter to a slightly
oblique position beyond the fixed frame to insure the projection ""
catching it again in the ascent of the hollow plunger P. The side ears
on the gate R being thus released from the locking recesses in the fixed
frame g¹ the succeeding or completing contraction of the springs h', h',
next draws down the gate so as to close egress from the receiver L, such
closing action following in the wake of the dividing knife d' as it passes
down or out of the receiver L. A deposit of bristles having been made.
in the oblique slot e¹ of the hollow plunger P the latter remains
stationary for a time, while the doubling plunger Q comes down within
it. This last-mentioned plunger is made bifurcated at its lower end, and 3
with longitudinal grooves up its sides, so that in the early portion of
its descent it. catches on or over the bristles lying across and through
the plunger P, and as said inner plunger Q continues its descent alone.
towards a nut or mouth picce S at the bottom of the outer plunger. P.

page_text: folds or doubles up the bristles into the side grooves of the plunger Q.
The bristles in thus being drawn out of the oblique slot e¹ by the descent
of the plunger Q to form a bunch may be straightened or combed
out by being drawn through a comb T arranged to partially surround
and attach to the outer plunger P. After the inner plunger Q in its
solitary descent, as described, has entered the nut S, which is of tapering
configuration internally, and the bottom of the plunger Q of corrc-
sponding shape, the wire b to bind the bristles is introduced through
the loop formed by the doubling of them by cross passages or per-
forations m¹ made in or through the nut S and bifurcated portion of the
plunger Q, said wire being of a suitable length to project through or
through and beyond for a shorter or greater distance said perforations
on opposite sides of the nut. The two plungers P and Q then move
down in common towards and down on to the brush back or block A
over a hole a therein, or the wiring may be effected while they are so
moving, as herein-after described, and while thus descending in common,
or as they reach the end of their downward stroke, the doubling
plunger Qis rotated in a suitable direction to lap the wire spirally
around the doubled bristles, which is aided or effected by female
threads n¹ made in the nut or mouth piece S, the wire entering said
threads. The plunger Q continuing to rotate in the same direction the
wire bound bunch is projected through the bottom of the nut or inter-
nally threaded mouth piece, and by its wire binding caused to screw its
way into the hole a in the brush back. The plunger Q is then slowly
or slightly rotated in a reverse direction to take the twist out of the
bristles, and the two plungers P and Q move up or back to their raised
positions for a further like action on a succeding lot of bristles, and so
on till the brush is completed.
The devices by which these several motions and intermediate necessary
pauses are secured to the plungers P and Q may be as follows:-On the
main shaft D is a disc A', which has in the front face of it a cam
groove o¹ that by its configuration serves to give the requisite movements
and pauses to the hollow plunger P, the connection with the latter
being established by a pin or roller p' travelling in the groove o¹, and
5 carried by an arm q¹ in adjustable attachment by screw nuts with a
vertically moving and guided rod r¹, which serves to operate a vertical
slide that carries the hollow plunger P. The inner and doubling
plunger Qis operated by an excentric pin on the face of the disc A',

page_text: said pin working as the disc rotates in and along a suitably slotted or
grooved cross head B', mainly of a shape corresponding with the circle
in which the pin t¹ travels, and being guided so as to have an inter-
mittent vertical siliding action under the operation of the revolving
excentric pin f. The upper end of the plunger Q is attached to this
cross head B¹ by a screw and annular groove, as shewn in Fig. 6, in order
to admit of said plunger having its necessary intermittent rotary as well
as its intermittent vertical movement. The requisite rotary motion is
communicated to the plunger Q to spirally wrap the wire around the
double bristles and to screw the bunch into the hole in the brush back,
also to take the twist out of the bristles when the plungers retire by
means of a suitably shaped groove u¹ (Fig. 9) in the back of the rvolving
disc A'. This groove serves to operate a pin v¹ attached to a lever w¹,
and working up and down through a curved slot in the main frame. By
these means an intermittent up-and-down motion is communicated to
'the lever w', and through the latter by means of a pitman a¹ and slotted
or adjusting arm y₁ an intermittent vibratory motion is given to a
toothed sector C³, which is in gear with a horizontal bevil pinion z¹.
The rotation of this pinion in the one direction or the other takes
place at the close of the descent of the plungers P, Q, and as they com-
mence to move up again. On its arbor it carries a spur wheel a² that
gears with a pinion 63 to rotate the plunger Q as required. This pinion °
turns loosely on a sleeve c² arranged to loosely surround the plunger Q,
and which has an internal key or feather that fits a longitudinal
groove d³ in said plunger to admit of the latter sliding up and down
through the sleeve, and yet to secure its rotation by the sleeve when
the latter is revolved. The rotation of the sleeve by the pinion b² is
effected by a clutch tension and friction device consisting in part of half
clutches e, f, the one (e²) of which is fast to the pinion 63, while the
other (f) is loose on the sleeve, and capable of up-and-down motion
thereon towards or from the upper half clutch e, under control of a
spring g³, which presses at its lower end against an, adjusting nut h³
fitting a screw thread on the sleeve, and presses at its upper end against
a loose washer to bear the latter up against a leather or rubber
washer k³, which in its turn presses up against a washer or disc on the
under side of the lower clutch f*. By means of this spring tension and
friction clutch the plunger Q, when being rotated forwards to wrap the
wire around the bristles and to screw the bunch into the brush back, is
driven with an increased force by reason of the half clutches e² and f

page_text: operating to compress the spring g², and to increase the friction of the
washers,, and . The force is relaxed when the plunger Q is rotated
to free itself from the inserted bunch by reason of the reverse action of
the pinion 6 and slip of the clutch allowing the spring g² to slightly
relax and to reduce the friction of the washers,, and . This pro-
vents the plunger Q when rotated backwards from unscrewing the
bunch out of the brush back. On the plunger Q is a grooved conical
or tapering swell m³, into the groove of which a spring guide n³ attached
to the rod of the outer plunger P enters in the up stroke of the
plunger Q to turn or adjust and insure the proper relative position of
said plunger with the oblique slot e¹ in the outer plunger, and with the
wiring perforations m¹ preparatory to the descent of the plunger Q to
perform its work.
The brush back A is made to automatically centre itself as regards the
bringing of its holes a in succession under the bunch inserting devices
by first approximately adjusting said back or block, after which a conical
centrer D' operated by the machine brings the hole in the brush back
in precise position to receive the bunch of bristles. The centre D' is
cranked or crooked in its attachment to a vertical spindle o' (Fig. 11)
which is made capable of slight up and down motion at intervals, also
of a swinging or vibratory motion around its axis. The action of the
centerer D¹ is as follows:-Being swung to one side out of the way it
first slightly rises and then is swung forwards over or in line with the
plungers P and Q, it then descends into the hole in the brush back and
centres the latter relatively to said plungers, after which it rises out of
the hole and is swung back out of the way to make room for the plungers
to descend over the centred hole. The swinging motions of said centerer
D' on or by its vertical spindle o³ to move the centerer over and away
from the brush back or hole therein, arc effected at the proper intervals
by a cam p² operating against a lever q³ in combination with a spring
arranged around the spindle o³, said lever q³ which works on a centre s²,
being coupled by a suitable connection & with a crank u³ loose on the
spindle o³, but in gear with the latter by a pin o³ fast to the spindle and
slot win the crank. This slot wo⁹ is made suitably sloping at its bottom
or on its edge as at x², whereby in the swinging of the crank u and by
the action of the spring the centerer D¹ is raised
required. A stop lever y² acting against a fixed guide
spindle o² serves to limit and direct the centerer in its
and vertical actions.
and lowered as
and fast on the
swinging throw

page_text: The apparatus for feeding and passing the wire to and through the
perforations m¹ in the nut S and inner plunger Q may be varied, but the
following apparatus is preferred as having the advantage of not involving
the stoppage of the plungers P and Q when threading them with wire,
or when supplying the nut S and inner plunger Q with pieces of wire
in succession to bind and form screw threads on the bunches as made by
the machine. E¹ is a reel having the wire 6 used in binding the bristles
or bunches wound upon it. This reel is hung to freely revolve under
draft or feed of the wire from it. F" is the frame of the wiring apparatus,
said frame is hung to rock on trunnions a³ (Fig. 12) projecting from a
ring 63 which is arranged to loosely surround the shaft G. The front
portion of such frame F" is forked as at c³ and rests on shoulders formed
on the outer plunger P, being retained thereon by the action of a spring
d³, excepting towards the completion of the down stroke of the plungers
P, Q, or after they have moved a certain distance in common and during
a portion of their ascent when the frame F" rests upon a fixed stop e³
(Fig. 5). The object of causing the wiring apparatus by its frame to
rest on the plunger P during the carly portion of the descent of the latter
in common with the inner plunger Q (which support also occurs during
the completion of the up stroke of the outer plunger) is to insure the
entry of the wire 6 through the perforations m¹ in the nut S and inner
plunger Q, and to avoid stoppage of the plungers when threading or
passing the wires through the said perforations. The wire b is taken
from the reel E' and passed through an oiler f³ on the frame F¹³, and
from thence through straightening eyes or cups g³, g³, g³, thercon, and
through a feeding clamp h³, and eyes or guides ³, 23, on a slide G' which
has a reciprocating motion along the frame F¹ and is guided by slots ³, k³,
therein. From this slide G¹ the wire b is passed through a clamp ♬ on
the frame F¹, through an anvil or cutting block m³, and through a front
eye or guide n³ which is in line with the perforations m³ in the nut S,
when the fork of the frame F¹ rests on the shoulders of the outer
plunger P. The feed of the wire is established by the forward movement
of the slide G¹ by the clamp ³ till the slide is arrested by a stop. o³
which determines the length of the wire to be cut off after its projection
by the feed through the perforations m³ in the nut S and inner plunger
Q. A spring p³ serves to effect the forward or feeding stroke of the slide
G', and a cam q³ on the shaft G its back movement; H' is a cutting lever
for severing the wire each successive feed into a piece or succession of
pieces of the requisite length from the forward portion of the wire as pro-

page_text: jected through the nut S and outer plunger P. This cutting lever is
operated respectively by a cam ³ on the shaft G and by a spring 8³.
The clamp serves to hold on to the wire b after each cut and during
the back movement of the feeding clamp h³ to keep up a succession of
feeds. The clamps h³ and ♬ alternately grip the wire, the former gripping
when feeding but relaxing when retiring, and the latter vice versa.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of " Improvements
in Brushes and in Machinery for Manufacturing the same" as com-
municated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood
that under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim,―
First. The manufacture of brushes in which the bunches of bristles
are bound with wire in a spiral manner to form a screw, and the
bunches so bound are screwed into the stock substantially as specified.
Second. The combination of inside and outside plungers together with
a nut or mouth piece having a female thread in it, the whole being con-
structed and operating to double the bristles into a bunch to bind the
wire around the latter and to effect the insertion of the wire bound bunch
by screwing into the stock of the brush, essentially as described.
Third. The arrangement or combination of parts above described for
stopping and starting the machine in connection with a treadle.
Fourth. The comb J and saw-shaped feeder M constructed for operation
together substantially as specified.
Fifth. The combination of the guage or twisted receiver L with a
bristles feeding device or devices.
Sixth. The combination of a crowding fork N with the saw-shaped
feeder M, the comb J, and the twisted receiver L, substantially as
specified.
Seventh. The bristles divider and conductor N* in combination with
the follower or gate R, the hollow outside plunger P, and the twisted
receiver L, essentially as described.
Eighth. The comb T in combination with the plungers P and Q sub-
stantially as specified.
Ninth. The combination of a spring tension and friction device with
the intermittently reciprocating and rotating plunger Q, substantially
as and for the purpose or purposes herein set forth.
B

page_text: Tenth. The centerer D' constructed to operate substantially as described
in combination with a bristles or bunch inserting device or devices.
Eleventh. A wire feeding apparatus, constructed to operate sub-
stantially as described, and whereby the wire is fed to the devices which
operate to insert the bristles while said devices are in motion, and the
latter are caused to carry the wiring apparatus when the wire is being
passed into them substantially as specified.
Twelfth. The combination in one, machine of a bristle feeding device
or devices, a device or devices operating to double the bristles to bind
the wire spirally around the bunch and to insert or screw the latter into 1
the brush stock together with an apparatus for feeding in suitable lengths
the wire through the folds formed by each doubling of the bristles sub-
stantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have
hereunto set my band and seal, the Twenty-third day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.