A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OXYGENATING, AËRATING, ATTEMPERATING, ROUSING, AND BLENDING MALT OR OTHER LIQUORS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Gordon Cave, of Dowlais, in the County of
Glamorgan, Brewer, for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR OXYGENATING, AËRATING, ATTEMPERATING, ROUSING, AND BLENDING
MALT OR OTHER LIQUORS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Gordon Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880.
GEORGE GORDON CAVE, of Dowlais, in the County of Glamorgan, Brewer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OXYGENATING, AERATING, ATTEMPERATING,
ROUSING, AND BLENDING MALT OR OTHER LIQUORS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus for oxygenating, aërating,
attemperating, rousing, and blending malt or other liquors, and for analogous
purposes.
According to the said Invention a round, or vat, or other reservoir or receptacle
for the liquor to be treated, is provided at bottom with a coil of piping perforated
at its upper part, and preferably of tinned copper, the said piping communicating
with a small central chamber, with which communicates a pipe passing from out-
side the round or vat, and up through the bottom thereof, and opening into the
said small chamber. This pipe is provided with a back stop valve and with an
inlet cock or valve. The round or vat is air-tight, and a pipe communicates at onc
end with the upper part of its interior, the other end of the said pipe being
attached to an air-pump. By attaching the pipe, which communicates with the
coil at the bottom of the vat, with a chamber or other source of supply for matter
with which the liquid is to be treated, when the pump is set in motion a current of
air or pure oxygen (specially prepared) is caused to pass upwards through the
liquor in the vat, thereby producing oxygenation, aeration, and rousing by dis-
placement. For attemperating purposes the said pipe may be connected with a
hot air chamber, or an ice receptacle, to give a hot or cold current of air; or pure
When the liquor is in a
oxygen may be introduced to the liquor in a similar way.
suitable state of fermentation the pump may be put into communication with a
receiver, and the carbonic acid gas, laden with hop aroina, generated in the liquor

page_text: use.
passed from the vat into the said receiver, where it is compressed and stored for
This possesses great virtue, and may be employed for effervescing flat beer,
by placing this beer in a round, or vat, or other suitable vessel in connection with
the receiver. When aëration only is required the pipes may both be connected to
the air-pump to give a thorough circulation through the liquor. If open rounds or
vats are used the air or pure oxygen is pumped into the bottom thereof, and the
liquor is effectually roused and aërated.
If it is desired to draw off and store the carbonic acid gas without rousing or
aërating the liquor, the coils of perforated pipes may be inverted and placed at the
top of the round or vat, and on attaching the pipe which communicates with this
coil to the air-pump the gas may be drawn froin the round or vat.
Instead of employing a perforated coil of piping as described, a hollow flat drum,
disc, or other vessel perforated at top may be employed.
The apparatus may be used for blending liquors as follows:-The one liquor
being in the round or vat, the pipe which communicates with the coil at the
bottom thereof is attached to the vessel containing the other liquor to be blended
therewith, so that it passes, or is passed therefrom, into the first mentioned round
or vat, when the air-pump being set in motion the liquors are rapidly and
thoroughly blended.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Gordon Cave in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
August 1880.
"
GEORGE GORDON CAVE, of Dowlais, in the County of Glamorgan, Brewer.
'A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OXYGENATING, AËRATING, ATTEMPERATING,
ROUSING, AND BLENDING MALT OR OTHER LIQUORS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus for oxygenating,
aërating, attenperating, rousing, and blending malt and other liquors, and for
analogous purposes.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in vertical section, and
Figure 2 in horizontal section, apparatus constructed or arranged according to my
Invention. The vat, reservoir, or other receptacle A contains the liquor to be
treated. The said receptacle is provided with a coil or series of rings of piping b
perforated at their upper part. The said rings of piping are connected by the
radial pipes c with a small central chamber d, so that the interior of the said
chamber is in communication through the pipes with the interiors of the rings of
piping b. A pipe e opens communication with the said small chamber to the out-
side of the vat, and to this pipe a pipe may be attached leading to the place or
vessel wherein is contained the matter with which the liquor in the receptacle A
is to be treated. The pipe e is provided with a back stop valve at e², to prevent
the outflow of liquor froin the receptacle A, and with a cock or valve c³, by which
the passage through the pipe e is closed, or opened, or regulated. The receptacle A
is air-tight. A pipe f coininunicates with the upper part of its interior, the other
end of the said pipe being attached to an air pump g worked by hand or steam
power, or other suitable motor. The pipes b and c are preferably of tinned
copper.
When the apparatus is in use the pipe c is connected by a pipe with a chamber
or other source of supply for matter with which the liquid is to be treated. When
the pump is set in motion the air is withdrawn from the upper space of the
receptacle A unoccupied by the liquor, and the cock e being open the matter with
which the liquor is to be treated is drawn by the vacuum thus created from the
before mentioned source of supply through the pipe c, and passes upwards through
the liquor in the vat, whereby may be produced the required oxygenation, aëration,
or rousing by displacement.
For attemperating purposes the pipe e may be placed in communication with a
hot air chamber or an ice receptacle, to give a hot or cold current of air through
the liquor in the receptacle A; or pure oxygen, contained in such a chainber, may
be introduced in a similar way into the liquor in the receptacle A. When the
liquor in the receptacle A is in a state of fermentation the outlet of the pump g
at ginay be put in commuunication with a receiver, and the carbonic acid gas,
laden with hop aroma, generated in the liquor be thereby drawn by the action of
the said pump from the receptacle A into the said receiver, where it is compressed
and stored for usc. It possesses great virtue, and may be employed for effervescing
flat beer by placing this beer in an apparatus constructed according to my
Invention, and drawing the said carbonic acid gas laden with hop aroma into the
said receptacle and through the flat beer therein.
When it is required only to aërate the liquor in the receptacle A the pipe e may
be connected to the outlet of the pump g at g, so that a circulation of air through
the liquor in the said receptacle is created and maintained by the action of the
said pump.
The receptacle A may be open at the top, and the air or pure oxygen be pumped
through the pipe c into and through the liquor in the said receptacle, the pipe cin
this case being placed in communication with a pump.

page_text: If it be desired to draw off and store the carbonic acid gas from the liquor in
the receptacle A without rousing or acrating the liquor, the pipe is lengthened
into the inside of the upper part of the receptacle A unoccupied by the liquor and
is perforated at this part, so that the pipe f being attached to the pump the said
carbonic gas may be drawn from the said receptacle into any suitable receiver, no
air or matter being drawn in by the pipe e.
Instead of employing the pipes b and c, and the chamber d, a flat hollow disc or
drum, or its equivalent may be substituted therefor, or a coil of piping, one end of
which is in communication with the chamber d, may be used.
The apparatus may be used for blending liquors as follows:-The one liquor
being in the receptacle A, the pipe e is put into communication with the vessel
containing the other liquor to be blended therewith, so that it passes, or is passed
therefrom, by the action of the pump into the first mentioned receptacle, and the
liquors are rapidly and thoroughly blended.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
ne by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The hercinbefore described new or improved apparatus consisting of a receptacle
for the liquors to be treated in combination with means for admitting, passing,
forcing, or drawing into and through the liquor in the said receptacle the air, gas,
or other matter with which the said liquor is to be treated for the purpose of
oxygenating, aërating, attemperating, or rousing the said liquor, or for blending
other liquor therewith, and for collecting the gases generated whilst the said
liquor is under such treatment.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Gordon Cave, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
GEORGE GORDON CAVE. (L.S.)
S