IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR STEAM-ENGINES, PUMPS, HYDRAULIC AND OTHER ENGINES, MACHINES, OR APPARATUS WORKING OR WORKED BY LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Henry Chapman, of Forest Gate, in the County
of Essex, Mechanical Engineer, and Robert Henry Harper, of 6, Billiter
Street, in the City of London, and the Irwell India Rubber & Gutta Percha
Works, Ld, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PACKING FOR STEAM-ENGINES, PUMPS, HYDRAULIC AND OTHER ENGINES,
MACHINES, OR APPARATUS WORKING OR WORKED BY LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Henry Chapman,
and Robert Henry Harper, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 19th December 1881.
JAMES HENRY CHAPMAN of Forest Gate in the County of Essex Mechanical
Engineer and ROBERT HENRY HARPER of 6 Billiter St. in the City of London,
and the Irwell India Rubber & Gutta-percha Works, Ld. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR STEAM ENGINES PUMPS, HYDRAULIC AND
OTHER ENGINES MACHINES OR APPARATUS WORKING OR WORKED BY LIQUIDS
OR FLUIDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements on the tubular or hollow packing
described in Patent No. 155 of 1865 whereby the formation of a packing is
obtained more suitable for use in the stuffing boxes of piston rods, slide spindles,
and other parts of steam engines, pumps, bydraulic engines, and other engines
apparatus or machines, working or worked, or actuated by liquids or fluids, where
a tight joint is required, which packing shall be of a self lubricative character, and
make a tight joint with less friction, or requiring less compression by the gland to
keep it tight as well as being calculated to work more satisfactorily than when
used without our improvements.
In carrying out our Invention we form a tube of india rubber or other
convenient material of a suitable diameter or section, and over the exterior of this
tube we place or form an outer casing, envelope, or tube of canvas, or other suitable
woven fibrous material, or a combination of woven and spun fibrous material of

page_text: the desired degree of coarseness to come in contact with the moving part, which
may consist of one or more thicknesses, or complete envelopes of the same and be
secured or curved together by the use of india rubber solution or other convenient
means, or applied to the tube before curing, so as to obtain a similar result, and in
some cases we may form the outer fibrous tube, casing or envelope on the internal
tube by what is known as over spinning or weaving the same as most suitable
or convenient.
When the said covered tube is formed we punch or otherwise form rows of holes
or perforations of suitable dimensions, or forin at right angles to each other along
the centre line of the length of the tube extending completely through both sides
of the covered tube or otherwise conveniently placed to ensure affording thereby
access to the interior otherwise than at the ends in order that when the saine is in
the stuffing box, the water from the condensed steam and the lubricant where such
is used may fill or gain access to the interior and so form a source of supply
during the working and be drawn or caused to flow out by the motion of the moving
part which it encircles.
In order that the said packing may conveniently fulfill the object hereinbefore
described we may also close the open ends of the said tube when cut to the required
length for filling the stuffing box, or at the top end or bottom end or both by
means of suitably formed caps or covers which may be made of fibrous material,
woven or plaited, or otherwise conveniently formed, and coated with india rubber,
or the same may-be-formed-of-rubber-of-a-suitable-quality_and_thickness without
any fibrous material and be applied at and over the end or ends with a sufficient
length of the part which goes over the same to ensure their not slipping off, and
when preferred they may be secured on the packing with cord or wire.
When this packing is placed in the stuffing box and bears against the side and
bottom of the same and against the moving part which it encircles it will be
sufficiently supported to prevent the pressure of the gland from closing the sides,
and so leave the interior hollow to act as a reservoir into and from which the
condensed steam only where no lubricant is used will pass by means of the holes,
apertures, or perforations hereinbefore described, and so enable a tight joint to be
maintained with less pressure on the gland, and consequently reduce the friction
so generally encountered where the ordinary solid packing is used.
It will also be found that this packing has every promise of greater durability
from the fact that after a certain time of use it may be removed and by being
replaced in the box with a quarter of a turn round on its axis given to it a fresh
wearing face or surface is exposed to the action of the moving part thus as it can
be turned three times without bringing the first surface into contact with the
moving part it is fair to assume that it would last a longer time without requiring
to be replaced by new, than any of the packings ordinarily used for the purpose
it will also be found to be easily applied to and removed from the stuffing boxes
as it will not want to be forced in with a very great pressure or get set solid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Henry Chapman, and Robert Henry Harper in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th Juno 1882.
JAMES HENRY CHAPMAN, of Forest Gate, in the County of Essex, Mechanical
Engineer, and ROBERT HENRY HARPER, of 6 Billiter Street, in the City of
London, and the Irwell India Rubber and Gutta Percha Works, Limited.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING FOR STEAM-ENGINES, PUMPS,
HYDRAULIC AND OTHER ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS WORKING OR
WORKED BY LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the tubular or hollow packing
described in Patent No. 155 of 1865, whereby the formation of a packing is
obtained more suitable for use in the stuffing boxes of piston rods, slide spindles
and other parts of steam engines, pumps, hydraulic engines, and other engines
apparatus or machines working or worked or actuated by liquids or fluids where a
tight joint is required, which packing shall be of a self lubricative character and
make a tight joint with less friction or requiring less compression by the gland to
keep it light, as well as being calculated to work more satisfactorily than when
used without our improvements.
In carrying out our Invention we form a tube of india rubber or other,
convenient material or combination of the same of a suitable diameter or section,
and over the exterior of this tube we place or form an outer casing envelope or
tube of canvas or other suitable woven fibrous material of the desired degree of
coarseness, to come in contact with the moving part, which may consist of one
or more thicknesses or completo envelopes of the same, and be secured or cured
together by the use of indiarubber solution or other convenient means or applied
to the tube before curing so as to obtain a similar result and in some cases we may
form the outer fibrous tube, casing or envelope on the internal tubo without any
intermediate canvas or other fibrous covering by what is known as "overspinning"
or weaving the same in a similar manner to that in which whip sticks are covered
with a jacket of manilla, jute, hemp coir cotton or other suitable material or a
mixture of the same as most suitable or convenient.
When the said covered tube is formed, we punch or otherwise form rows of holes
or perforations of suitable dimensions or form at right angles or nearly so to each
other along the centre line of the length of the tube extending completely through
both sides of the covered tube, or otherwise conveniently placed to ensure affording
thereby access to the interior otherwise than at the ends, in order that when the
same is in the stuffing box, the water from the condensed steam and the lubricant,
where such, were such is used, may fill or gain access to the interior and so form a
source of supply during the working, and, be drawn or caused to flow out, by the
motion of the moving part which it encircles. We may sometimes make the
perforations before we put on the last overspinning or fibrous cover so as to
prevent the covering coming to pieces.
In order that the said packing may conveniently fulfil the object hereinbefore
described, we may also close the open ends of the said tube, when cut to the
required length for filling the stuffing box, either at the top end, the bottom end, or
both, by means of suitably formed caps or covers which may be made of fibrous
material woven or plaited or otherwise conveniently formed and coated with india-
rubber, or the same may be formed of rubber of a suitable quality and thickness
without any fibrous material and be applied at and over the end or ends with a
sufficient length of the part which goes over the same to ensure its or their not

page_text: slipping off and when preferred it or they may be secured on the packing with
cord or wire.
When this packing is placed in the stuffing box and bears against the side and
bottom of the same and against the moving part which it encircles, it will be
sufficiently supported to prevent the pressure of the gland from closing the sides
and so leave the interior hollow, to act as a reservoir, into and form which the
condensed steam and lubricant where such is used, will pass by means of the holes
perforations or apertures hereinbefore described, and so enable a tight joint to be
maintained with less pressure on the gland, and consequently reduce the friction so
generally encountered where the ordinary solid packing is used.
In some cases it will be found beneficial to insert in the interior of the larger.
pieces of tubular packing before inserting them in the stuffing box, a suitable
length of smaller tube, which may be a length of the smaller diameter of the
same packing, in order to assist in keeping the interior open, and in some cases
gasket may be similarly employed.
It will be found that this packing has every promise of greater durability, from
the fact that after a certain time of use, it may be removed, and by being replaced
in the with a quarter of a turn round on its axis given to it, a fresh wearing
face or surface is exposed to the action of the moving part, thus as it can be turned
three times without bringing the first surface into contact with the moving part,
it is fair to assume that it would last a longer time without requiring to be
_ replaced_by_new,-than-any-of-the-packings-ordinarily used for the purpose. It
will also be found to be easily applied to and removed from the stuffing boxes, as
it will not want to be forced in with a very great pressure, nor get set solid.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to or may be performed or brought into practical effect we
desire to state that we do not limit or confine ourselves to the precise details
herein before described as the same may be modified without departing from the
nature of the said Invention, and what we claim as of our Invention and desire to
have protected by Letters Patent is :-
The forming of tubular or hollow packing as herein before described in combina-
tion with the holes perforations or apertures in the same, substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described and specified.
In witness whereof.we the said James Henry Chapmam and Robert Henry
Harper, have hereunto set our hands and seals this Seventeenth day of
June in the year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.