IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS." A communication from abroad
by Lucius James Knowles, of the State of Massachusetts, of the United States
of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
A communication from abroad by Lucius James Knowles, of the State of
Massachusetts, of the United States of America.
The Invention relates to the driving and brake mechanism of power looms, and
more especially to that class of power-looms in which the driving pulley is
convertible into a loose pulley; and a part of the Invention consists in the
combination of a convertible or fast and loose driving pulley with a brake wheel
and brake, the internal mechanism of the driving pulley for converting it from a
fast pulley to a loose pulley being under the direct control of the brake by means
of a rigid projection therefrom. Another part of the Invention consists in the
combination of a convertible or fast and loose driving pulley and brake wheel and
brake with an ordinary loose-pulley and a belt shifting mechanism, in such manner
that, when the loom has been stopped by the brake and brake wheel and the
conversion of the driving pulley into a loose pulley, the belt may be shifted to the
pulley which is constantly loose, thereby allowing the loom to be started again in
the ordinary way.
The Invention consists further in the combination of a fast and loose driving
pulley and a brake wheel and brake with a weft stop motion and suitable
intervening positive mechanism for operating the brake and converting the driving
pulley into a loose pulley directly and positively by the thrust of the dagger.
The Invention consists further in the combination of a convertible or fast and
loose driving pulley, a brake and brake wheel and suitable mechanism for operating
the brake, and converting the driving pulley into a loose pulley with an ordinary

page_text: loose pulley and a belt-shifting device, the shipper-lever of the latter being under
the direct control of the mechanism which operates the brake. The Invention
consists further in the combination of a convertible or fast and loose driving
pulley, a brake and brake wheel, and an ordinary loose pulley and belt shifting
device with a weft stop motion, the brake, the shipper lever, and the device for
converting the driving pulley into a loose-pulley being all under the control of the
dagger. The Invention consists further in the novel construction of the fast and
loose driving pulley, whereby it may be converted into a loose pulley promptly. In
the Drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of so much of a loom as is necessary to
illustrate the construction and mode of operation of the present Invention;
Figure 2 is a section taken on the line A, B, of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section of
full size on line x, x, of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a section on line x1, x¹, of Figure 1;
and Figure 5 is a partial end elevation. L is a lay; B, the breast-beam; F, the
frame; b, a bracket upon the lay, to the lower part of which at a is pivoted the
dagger d, while the upper part furnishes bearings for the shaft c, to which are
attached the fingers or feelers f, f, s being a slot in the lay into which the fingers
fall when the weft fails. The motion of the fingers f is directly communicated to
the dagger & by means of a crank wheel c, wrist pin p, and a connecting rod r, as
shown. A spring 8, coiled about the pivot u of the dagger and pressing against a
pin a' in the dagger tends to throw the point of the dagger up. S is a rock shaft
in suitable bearings (one of which q is shown) underneath the breast beam. To it
is secured the knock-off lever t, shaped as shown, to receive the thrust of the
dagger, when the dagger through the failure of the fingers f to find the weft is
required to operate the brake and driving mechanisms, or either of them,
hereinafter described. To the breast beam is also secured, as shown, a guide bar u,
against which a horizontal arm v projecting from the dagger strikes and presses
under the force of the spring s¹, whenever the fingers fall into the slot s in the
lay. S is the crank-shaft, or that shaft in the loom to which power is first com-
municated, P, P¹ being two pulleys thereon, of which P is an ordinary loose pulley,
and P a fast and loose pulley of peculiar construction, which will presently be
described; P2 is a spoked-wheel, also upon the shaft S¹ and keyed thereto.
its periphery stuck upon two distinct circles, thus presenting two distinct faces or
rims, the larger of which-b' is smooth and serves for a brake wheel, while the
smaller has teeth t, which take with the teeth of a larger wheel, not shown, to
communicate motion from the shaft S¹ to other parts of the loom. The rims b¹, of
It has
the wheel P is connected with rim by arms a³, which are curved in such
manner as not to interfere with the teeth t¹. B is the brake, pivoted to the lower
part of the loom frame at n, and having its upper end shaped, as shown, to fit the
smooth rim 6, of the wheel P. The pulley P₁ before mentioned has upon the
side next the wheel P a cylindrical boss or ring 1, upon the inner face of which
projecting inwards are teeth tº. A spring-dog D pivoted to one of the spokes of
the wheel P has its free end of such shape that it will fit between two of the
teeth of the ring 7 of the pulley P. When the dog is thus held between two of
these teeth the wheel P³ must turn with the pulley P¹, and the pulley Pl
When the
is in effect a fast pulley communicating motion to the loom.
dog is disengaged from the said teeth the pulley P¹ can turn free from the wheel P²,
and is a loose-pulley. The spring dog D is of peculiar construction, and is best
shown at Figure 3, which, as before stated, is an enlarged view taken on the
line x, x, of Figure 2, and in which represents the reverse or inside face of the
toothed rim of the wheel P³, whose outer face has already been designated by
the same letter; 63 is a strengthening rib, and the spoke to which the dog D is
pivoted; for this purpose the spoke containing the hub h, which is cast with it,
and through which passes the shaft of the dog, a large slot in the dog permitting
it to embrace both ends of the hub. The free end of the dog which engages with
the teeth t² is marked 3. Screwed to the dog is an arm n', which is normally so
held by a spring s² as to keep the dog engaged with the teeth of the pulley P
The dog has a projection d', and the brake a corresponding arm or projection 2 of

page_text: such length that it will strike the projection d³ just before the brake falls upon the
smooth rim b' of the wheel P. His a stud in the frame, upon which is pivoted a
bell-crank-lever J, to the lower and short arm of which is pivoted one end of a
connecting-rod R, hinged at the other end to the brake B. The upper and longer
arm of the bell cranked lever J carries a roller m'. To the rock-shaft S outside of
the loom-frame, and over the roller m', is rigidly secured a lever T, the short end
of which is so shaped as to form with the roller m¹ a knuckle-joint. In the normal
condition of the loom the lever T has no effect on the bell cranked lever J, but
when the rock-shaft S is rocked, which happens when the knock-off-levert receives
the thrust of the dagger, the fingers f having failed to find the weft, the lever T
forces down the long arm of the bell-cranked lever J, thus drawing back the
connecting rod R, and operating the brake B2 and dog D. The long arm of the
lever T permits the knuckle joint above described to be operated by hand as well
as by the thrust of the dagger. This arm is so shaped as not to interfere with the
movement of a lever Y belonging to the shuttle-box-stop motion. To the stud H
is also pivoted the shipping lever K, held in place by a nut w, and operating an
ordinary belt-shifting device, as shown at Figure 1. This device consists of the
lever K. swinging upon a pin e² in a projection H2 from the loom. frame, and con-
nected at one end by a slot e and a pin 23 with a sleeve K, to which is attached
the belt holder M, the sleeve K2 having a longitudinal motion on a shaft O which
projects from the frame, and is parallel with the shaft S¹. The other end of the
lever K contains a pin e³, which works, and normally is locked in a scroll-slot e³ in
the lower end of the shipping lever K, in the manner described and shown in said
Knowles' United States Patent, No. 108,202. When the upper arm of the shipping
lever K is thrown back to lock the pin e³ in the slot e the sleeve K2 is drawn back
upon the shaft O, and the belt is upon the driving pulley P. When the upper armn
is thrown forward the sleeve K' is thrown out upon the shaft O by a spiral spring
within the sleeve, and upon the shaft, and the belt is shifted to the loose-pulley P.
The belt is thus shifted by hand, but in order that it may be shifted automatically
by the dagger belonging to the weft-stop-motion at the time the dagger operates
the brake, and converts the driving-pulley into a loose-pulley, the connecting-
rod R has a projection G, which upon the backward motion of the connecting-rod R
strikes the belt-shifting lever K below the stud H at the proper time to shift the
belt. That this projection G may be adjustable it is inade separate from the
connecting-rod, and in part consists of a thimble, which slips upon the connecting-
rod, and is held in any required place by a set screw g. A projection K³ from the
sleeve K rides at one end in a slot in 2, which is a part of the projection H², to
prevent the sleeve K from turning on its shaft O. The fast and loose pulley above
described is to be particularly distinguished from an ordinary friction pulley in
starting the loom. For this purpose it may be terined a lock-pulley; and for
starting a loom provided with a brake-wheel, the combination of the brake-wheel,
lock-pulley, and ordinary loose-pulley, is most valuable. The convertible pulley
being the lock-pulley there is no grinding or wearing away of friction surfaces in
starting the loom; and this pulley having been locked by taking off the brake
from the brake-wheel motion may be imparted to it in the gradual, easy, and
highly desirable manner in which machines are ordinarily started by shifting a belt
from
lance mullan to fast will
1. The combination of a fast-and-loose-pulley and brake-wheel upon a common
shaft with a loose-pulley upon the same shaft, and a belt-shifting mechanism,
substantially as described.
2. The combination of a fast-and-loose pulley and a brake-wheel upon the
driving or crank-shaft of a loom with a brake and weft stop motion, the brake
provided with a rigid arm for operating the mechanism for converting the-fast-
and loose pulley into a loose pulley, and having a positive connection with the

page_text: knock-off-lever, which receives the thrust of the dagger, substantially as
described.
3. A fast-and-loose pulley, a brake wheel and brake, a weft-stop-motion, and
suitable intervening mechanism for operating the brake, and converting the fast-
and-loose pulley into a loose pulley by the action of the weft-stop-motion, in
combination with a loose-pulley and belt shifting mechanism under the control of a
hand lever, substantially as described.
4. A fast-and-loose driving pulley, a brake wheel and brake in a loom, a loose-
pulley, and a belt shifting device, in combination with a weft-stop-motion and
connecting mechanism, so arranged that the thrust of the dagger is communicated
to the brake, to the converting mechanism of the fast-and-loose pulley, and to the
shipping lever of the belt-shifting device, substantially as described.
5. The pulley P¹ provided with the ring and internal teeth t in combination
with the brake wheel P provided with two rims b', b², and spring dog D, the
latter pivoted to the wheel P2, and working with the teeth t³, substantially as
described.
6. The pulley P¹ provided with ring 7 and internal teeth t³, wheel P², provided
with two rims 61, 62, and spring-dog D, working with the teeth t², in combination
with the brake B2 and arm p², and suitable mechanism for moving the brakes,
substantially as described.
7. The pulley P¹ provided with ring and teeth t, and the brake-wheel P²
provided with two rims b¹, b², teeth t¹, and spring dog D, in combination with the
brake B and arm p³, the connecting rod R, bell-crank-lever J, lever T, shaft S,
knock-off-lever t, and a weft-stop motion, all substantially as described.
8. The loose-pulley P, the shipper lever K, and a suitable belt-shifting mechanism,
operated by said lever, the pulley P' with ring and teeth t2, and the brake-
wheel P with rims b', b², teeth t¹, and spring-dog D, in combination with brake B²,
arm p, connecting rod R, bell-crank-lever J, lever T, shaft S, and a weft-stop-
motion, all substantially as described for the purpose specified.
9. The loose-pulley P, the shipper lever K, and the belt-shifting mechanism
operated by said lever, the pulley P¹ with ring and teeth t, and the brake-
wheel P2 with rims 61, 62, teeth t¹, and spring-dog D, in combination with brake B²,
arm p², connecting rod R, projection G, bell-crank-lever J, lever T, shaft S, and a
weft-stop-motion, all substantially as described for the purpose specified,
10. In a weft-stop-motion for a loom the combination of the shifting lever K and
the belt-shifting-mechanism operated thereby, the shifting-lever-shaft S, and
knock-off-levert with the dagger d and fingers f, the knock-off-lever receiving the
direct thrust of the dagger, and the fingers and dagger positively connected by a
connecting rod and crank, all substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July A.D. 1881.