Improvements in Apparatus for Governing or Regulating the Speed of Steam Engines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 24th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Governing or Regulating the Speed
of Steam Engines.
I, JOHN HANDSLEY DALES, of 45, Lofthouse Place, Leeds, in the County of York,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said, invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide a form of governor for steam engines,
which shall be practically frictionless in its motions, and which shall work, through
the whole range of its action, with a very small variation in the rate of speed; and
which shall in consequence be especially suitable for governing or controlling the
action of expansion gears or throttle valves either direct, or by means of auxiliary
power apparatus of any kind but preferably by means of differential lever motions
and mechanical auxiliary power, friction or other gears controlling screws, cams &c.,
or by differential lever motions and auxiliary power cylinders, controlled, when
necessary by liquid or other cataracts. Also to provide special apparatus for use with
the said governor, according to the following arrangements.
The first part of the invention consists of a governor, having right angular lever or
bell crank arms, which are connected to the rotating head of the governor preferably
by means of flat springs for joints, placed (preferably) in tension, in or about the
direction of the resultant of the parallelogram of forces, formed by the centrifugal
forces of the balls of the governor, and the spring or load by which the slider of the
governor reacts against the centrifugal force of the balls &c., due allowance being
made, in the position of the spring joints, for the gravity of the moving parts of the
governor, and for any centrifugal forces generated by their motion, other than that
which acts to lift the slider.
The connections from the horizontal arms of the governor to the slider, are also
preferably formed of flat springs, the whole of the spring joints having sufficient
elasticity to admit of the necessary motion of the arms for the purposes of the
governor.
The load of the governor is preferably provided by a spiral spring or springs, placed
concentric with the rotating spindle of the governor.
The second part of the invention consists of the combined arrangement of the before
mentioned spring joint governor, and a mechanical device formed by friction wheels
driven by the power of the engine, and so mounted on a differential lever motion, that
the motion of the governor, as it raises or lowers the slider, may bring the said power
friction wheels into contact with either one or the other of a pair of friction discs or
rollers, each of which drives a controlling screw or nut, or both, in reverse directions,
so that the governor, in rising or falling will produce in the said controlling screw or
nut, a like motion to its own by the means above stated, and thus, by suitable
connections produce any suitable action in the expansion or valve gear of an engine
which its proper governing may require.
The motion of the governor which actuates one end of the differential lever motion,
applies the power by means of the friction wheels for shifting the position of the
controlling screws &c., and the controlling screw, when it has reached a proportionately
corresponding position to that of the governor slider, takes off the friction wheels
from the friction discs by means of suitable connections to the opposite end of the
differential lever motion to that which is actuated by the governor slider, and thus
the motion of the controlling screws is prevented from overacting.
Any tendency to overaction of the parts of the apparatus is checked by such

page_text: over-action itself causing the friction driving wheels to reverse the motion which the
action of the governor has produced.
The third part of the invention consists of the combined arrangement of the before
mentioned spring joint governor and a power cylinder, connected (preferably) by
means of its piston rod, to a liquid cataract cylinder, by a cross head or other suitable
appliance. The power cylinder is provided with a piston or slide valve, circular or
otherwise, which is actuated in a suitable case preferably by a rocking spindle and
small crank. The valve is provided for the purpose of the admission and exhaust of
pressure to either end of the power cylinder. The outer end of the rocking spindle
is provided with a lever by which the small crank and valve may be actuated.
*The rocking spindle lever carries a pin or stud at the opposite end to that which is
connected to the rocking spindle, on which pin or stud a balance lever is mounted,
in such a manner that one end may be coupled by means of a rod, lever and rocking
shaft or its or their equivalents to the chase of the governor, whilst the other end of
the balance lever is coupled, by means of links and studs, to the cross head of a
suitable moving part connected with the piston of the power cylinder, such cross head
or moving part having a similar and proportionate motion to that of the power piston.
The coupling of the balance lever to the power cylinder and governor chase is so
arranged that, when a motion of the governor opens the pressure supply valve of the
power cylinder, the motion of the piston, produced thereby, has the effect of closing
the pressure valve and stopping the supply of pressure, so that the governor opens the
valve, and the power piston closes it; in performing the functions of the differential
lever motion.
In any case of overaction of the power piston, the motion of the piston not only
stops the supply of pressure to the same, but reverses the action of the valve, and
partially exhausts any excess of pressure and at the same time adınits pressure to the
opposite side of the piston to that which has caused the overaction. Thus automatically
adjusting the position of the power piston proportionately, to correspond with the
position of the governor chase.
The expansion or governing valves of the engine, are actuated and controlled by
the aforesaid governor and apparatus, by means of suitable connections.
Dated 10th
1600
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Governing or Regulating the Speed
of Steam Engines.
I, JOHN HANDSLEY DALES, of 45, Lofthouse Place, Leeds, in the County of
York, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
;
The object of my invention is to provide a form of governor for steam engines,
which shall be practically frictionless in its motions, and which shall work,
through the whole range of its action, with a very small variation in the rate of
speed and which shall in consequence be especially suitable for governing or con-
trolling the action of expansion gears or throttle valves, either direct, or by means of
auxiliary power apparatus of any kind, but preferably by means of differential lever
motions and mechanical auxiliary power, friction, or other gears, controlling screws,
cams &c. or by differential lever motions and auxiliary power cylinders, controlled,
when necessary, by liquid or other cataracts. Also to provide special apparatus for
use with the said governor.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: The first part of my invention consists of a governor having right-angular lever or
bell crank arms, which are connected to the rotating head of the governor preferably
by means of flat springs for joints, placed (preferably) in tension, in or about the
direction of the resultant of the parallelogram of forces, formed by the centrifugal
force of the balls of the governor, and the spring or load by which the slider of the
governor reacts against the centrifugal force of the balls &c., due allowance being
made, in the position of the spring joints, for the gravity of the moving parts of the
governor, and for any centrifugal forces generated by their motion, other than that
which acts to lift the slider.
The connections from the horizontal arms of the governor to the slider, are also
preferably formed of flat springs, the whole of the spring joints having sufficient
elasticity to admit of the necessary motion of the arms for the purposes of the
governor.
The load of the governor is preferably provided by a spiral spring or springs,
placed concentric with the rotating spindle of the governor.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings an embodiment of the first part of my
invention is shown, in which the double dotted and dashed lines aa aa show the
parallelogram of forces of the centrifugal effort of the arms and balls of the governor,
and the resistance of the slider and spring, and the resultant of these forces is shewn
by the line b. A spring c is stretched between a lug or fixing'd which is placed on
the bracket arme of the governor head, and a similar lag or fixing which is placed
on the ball arm g of the governor. This spring is placed in the line of the resultant b
of the parallelogram of forces aforesaid. For purposes of convenience this spring is
duplicated on the opposite side of the centre line of the ball arm g.
shaft or spindle h is passed through the ball arm g, and secured therein, and the
outer ends of the shaft project clear through holes in the bracket arms e of the
governor, so as not to touch the said holes. Slots are provided in the spindle h for
the springs c to stretch through, but quite clear of the said slots.
Between the pro-
jecting ends of the spindle or shaft hand lugs j a second set of springs k are stretched,
one on each outer side of the bracket arms e. These springs are in tension when the
governor is working, and they counteract against the centrifugal force of the governor
arms generally, as distinguished from the lever action of the governor arms. The
horizontal limbs of the governor arins are connected to the slider m (preferably) by
means of flat springs n.
The second part of my invention consists of the combined arrangement of the before
mentioned spring joint governor, and a mechanical device, formed by friction wheels,
driven by the power of the engine, and so mounted in connection with a differential
lever motion, that the motion of the governor, as it raises or lowers the slider, may
bring a friction wheel or wheels into contact with either one or the other of a pair
of friction discs which by means of the said friction wheel and gear drive a con-
trolling nut, or both, in reverse directions, as the case may be, so that the governor,
in rising or falling, will produce in the said controlling screw or nut, a like motion,
but reversely to its own by the means above stated; and thus, by suitable connections,
produce any suitable action in the expansion or valve gear of an engine, which its
proper governing may require.
The motion of the governor which actuates one end of the differential lever motion,
applies the power by means of the friction wheel for shifting the position of the
controlling screws &c., and the controlling screw, when it has reached a proportion-
ately corresponding reverse position to that of the governor slider, takes off the friction
wheel from the friction discs by means of suitable connections to the opposite end of
the differential lever motion to that which is actuated by the governor slider ; and
thus the motion of the controlling screws is prevented from overacting. Any
tendency to overaction of the parts of the apparatus is checked by such overaction
itself causing the friction driving wheels to reverse the motion which the action of the
governor has produced.
Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawings, an embodiment of the second part of my
invention is shewn, in which e represents the spring governor referred to in the first

page_text: 2°
part of my invention. The slider m is connected by suitable studs and slot holes to
the differential lever o, which is carried at its outer end by the head of the power or
controlling screw p, which in turn is connected at its lower end to the expansion or
other valve connecting rod q. The governor spindle or shaft carries and drives a
pair of friction discs s in contact with either of which the friction wheel t may be
placed by the action of the governor through the lever o and connecting link u, thus
imparting rotary motion to the shaft, v, Hooks" joint x, and bevel gear to wo¹
which is mounted and fixed on the head of the long nut of the controlling
screw p.
Assuming that the shaft is driven in the direction of the arrow, the governor
in performing its functions raises or lowers the shaft and thus places the friction
wheel t in contact with one of the rotating discs s or s¹, which produces a motion
of the screw p in the opposite direction to that of the governor slider m, and in so
doing takes off the friction pressure of the friction wheel from the friction disc with
which it was in contact and the further motion of the screw p consequently ceases.
If the screw by any means should overact it places the friction wheel t in contact
with the opposite disc, which will reverse the overaction of the screw.
The dotted centre lines shew the extreme positions of the differential lever o.
The third part of the invention consists of the combined arrangement of the before
mentioned spring joint governor and a power cylinder similar to that employed in
my Letters Patent 1421688 connected (preferably) by means of its piston rod, to a
liquid cataract cylinder, by a cross head or other suitable appliance. The power
cylinder is provided with a piston or slide valve, circular or otherwise, which is
actuated in a suitable case connected to the power cylinder, preferably by a rocking
spindle and small crank. The valve is provided for the purpose of the admission
and exhaust of pressure to either end of the power cylinder. The outer end of the
rocking spindle is provided with a lever by which the small crank and valve may be
actuated.
The rocking spindle lever carries a pin or stud at the opposite end to that which is
connected to the rocking spindle, on which pin or stud a balance lever is mounted,
in such a manner that one end may be coupled by means of a rod, lever and rocking
shaft, or its or their equivalents, to the chase of the governor, whilst the other end
of the balance lever is coupled, by means of links and studs, to the crosshead of a
suitable moving part connected with the piston of the power cylinder, such crosshead
or moving part having a similar and proportionate motion to that of the power
piston. The coupling of the balance lever to the power cylinder and governor chase,
is so arranged that, when a motion of the governor opens the pressure supply valve
of the power cylinder, the motion of the piston, produced thereby, has the effect of
closing the pressure valve and stopping the supply of pressure, so that the governor
opens the valve, and the power piston closes it, in performing the functions of the
differential lever motion.
In any case of overaction of the power piston, the motion of the piston not only
stops the supply of pressure to the same, but reverses the action of the valve, and
partially exhausts any excess of pressure, and at the same time admits pressure to the
opposite side of the piston to that which has caused the overaction. Thus auto-
matically adjusting the position of the power piston proportionately, to correspond
with the position of the governor chase.
The expansion or governing valves of the engine, are actuated and controlled by
the aforesaid governor and apparatus, by means of suitable connections.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said invention and in wha
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In the construction of steam engine governors of the description aforesaid the
combination therewith of spring joints arranged on the line of the resultant of the
parallelogram of forces of the arms and links and controlling springs or connections
for securing the correct action of the spring joints named, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by the drawings.

page_text: 2. In combination with steam engine governors fitted with spring joints as afore-
said the application and use of the differential auxiliary power apparatus substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. In the construction of steam engine governors arranged and fitted as aforesaid,
the combination therewith of the differential lever o, frictional driving discs s¹,
driven disc t, link u, shaft bevel gear wheels w w' actuating the nut to and screw p
and governing any suitable apparatus for the distribution of the steam by means of
the link severally operating substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by the drawings.
q
4. In the construction of steam engine governors arranged and fitted as aforesaid,
the combination therewith of the differential pressure apparatus substantially as
described in my said Specification No. 14,21688.
5. The general arrangement construction and the several combinations of the
respective parts, constituting my invention of improvements in steam engines,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated 1041 AT L
1000
GEO. DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.