IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Golding, of Tooting, in the County of Surrey,
Tobacco Pipe Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES."
Sealed the 28th May 1878, and dated the 5th December 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Golding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1877.
Richard GoldinG, of Tooting, in the County of Surrey, Tobacco Pipe Maker
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES."
This Invention has for its object the making of clay tobacco pipes in a better and
more economical manner than has been hitherto attained, and by apparatus of a
more completely automatic character than any hitherto employed.
The improved apparatus is specially adapted for using clay of great stiffness, and
for producing pipes of great density and strength; and it is designed for carrying
out in an improved manner the methods or principles of operation described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to the present applicant, and dated
11 August 1875 (No. 2823).
The improved apparatus is arranged to form each pipe by two successive
operations, "rolla" or rough pipe blocks being first made and subsequently moulded
into complete pipes, and automatic apparatus being provided for transferring the
rolls from the roll moulds to the finishing or pipe moulds
Provision is made for exerting great pressure upon the clay, and the apparatus is
constructed so that the parts subjected to the strains caused by the pressure applied
to the clay will not yield.
The rolls are made from short lengths or blocks cut from bars of clay and deposited
in front of the roll moulds, such bars being formed and cut, and the blocks being fed
to the apparatus in the manner described in the earlier Specification, herein-before
referred to, or in any other convenient way.

page_text: The improved roll and pipo moulding machine comprises two symmetrical halves,
occupying similar but reversed positions on each side of a central transverse vertical
plane, and both operating in the same way, but in an alternate manner, the greater
strains being exerted at one side whilst less severe strains are operating at the other
side, and vice versa, so as to tend to equalise the power employed in working the
machine.
It will be sufficient to describe the parts and actions at one side; some of the
return movements on each side are however for convenience derived from positivo
movements on the other side.
Ono half of the machine is constructed for simultaneously moulding a pair of rolls
and a pair of pipes, the individuals of each pair of parts being placed on opposite
sides of a central longitudinal vertical plane. The lower half moulds for the two
olls are fixed on a massive central part of the framing, and the lower half moulds
for the pipes are similarly fixed to an upper frame piece, so as to be directly over
the roll moulds.
The upper half moulds of both rolls and pipes are arranged to rise when opening
the moulds, and are fixed to a bar fitted to work in vertical guides between the
moulds, and with a roll mould and a pipe mould on one side of it, and the two
other moulds on its other side. The bars on opposite sides of the central transverse
vertical frame are connected to opposite ends of a longitudinal lever, so that they
and the parts they carry counterbalance each other, and the downward movement
of one causes the upward movement of the other. Each bar is drawn down at the
proper time by a rod having an eye at its lower end fitted with a strong pin, which
also fits a pair of slide blocks working in guides on each side, and jointly connected
to a lever by means of which the larger portion of the downward movement is
effected When these slide blocks have been moved down, other blocks are moved
horizontally over them to fill up (or nearly so) the space between them and the
under side of the frame pieco on which the lower half moulds for the roll are fixed.
To insure the upper and lower halves of the moulds being very forcibly held
together a separate gripping device is applied, the pin connecting the rod of the bar
to the slide blocks which are first moved down, being fitted eccentrically, and being
formed with or having fixed on it a lever which is turned to complete the closing
action, and draws the half inoulds into close contact, holding them closed with a
forco quite suficient to resist the pressure exerted on the clay and to render the
formation of fins impossible.
The first-motion shaft of the machine is a horizontal longitudinal shaft, having on
it worms which gear with worm wheels on two transverse horizontal shafts, having
on them cams or wiper cams, which through levers and links or other connections
act on the various parts of the machine. The worms also gear with worin wheels
on two vertical shafts having on them cams or wiper cams for moving certain
parts.
The clay is compressed and forced into the roll moulds by plungers moving
horizontally and entering into cylindrical parts of the moulds; and in the upper or
pipe moulds the clay is acted on by stappers which move horizontally and shape
the interior of the bowl of each pipe. The plungers and stappers are fixed to slide
blocks working in guides, formed or fixed to plates which can be adjusted to suit
different inclinations of the bowl of a pipe to its stem, the adjustable plates being
fitted to the fixed framing in such a manner that the latter can sustain the strains
of the actions of the plungers and stappers, these pieces being forced into the moulds
by toggle-link movements between the slide blocks and strong pins fixed in the
adjustable plates.
The wiring is done so far as regards the action in the roll mould, as in the
apparatus described in the earlier Specification herein-before referred to, but by
improved details adapted to the otherwise altered machinery. The rolls are not
tilted up out of their moulds as formerly, but are raised on their second wires
sufficiently to clear the lower half moulds, and are then removed horizontally and

page_text: longitudinally; and to prevent the bowls turning downwards sharp pointed
angularly-moving claws are arranged to stick into them and assist in supporting
them.
The rolls are raised out of their half moulds and moved outwards by a framing
which has four wires and accompanying details, and which when the rolls are
moved sufficiently outwards makes half a turn about a longitudinal axis, so as to
place the two rolls in upper positions opposite the ends of the upper or pipe moulds,
whilst at the same time bringing down the other two wires and their parts ready
for the next pair of rolls. The rolls being raised, as described, are next deposited
in the upper or pipe moulds, and the supporting claws are withdrawn, being
prevented from carrying any part of the roll with them by blunt claws, which hold
back the rolls.
After the rolls have been formed into pipes, the blunt claws enter the bowls and
the pipes are raised clear of the lower half pipe moulds, and each is taken hold of
by a pair of mechanical fingers, the one fixed on a spindle passing through a tube,
having the other fixed to it, and the two turning in opposite directions for closing
or opening, as required, by bevil toothed sectors or equivalent means.
When the wires have been withdrawn from the pipes the fingers carry the pipes
upwards and laterally, and deposit them on endless travelling bands, which convey
them to suitable receptacles, or to positions where they can be conveniently removed
by hand.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Golding in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th June
1878.
RICHARD GOLDING, of Tooting, in the County of Surrey, Tobacco Pipe Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLAY TOBACCO PIPES."
My said Invention has for its object the making of clay tobacco pipes in a better
and more economical manner than has hitherto been attained, and by apparatus of
a more completely automatic character than any hitherto employed. My improved
apparatus is specially adapted for using clay of great stiffness, and for producing
pipes of great density and strength; and it is designed for carrying out in an
improved manner the methods and principles of operation described in the Speci-
fication of Letters Patent granted to me, and dated 11 August 1875 (No. 2823).
My improved apparatus is arranged to form each pipe by two successive
operations, "rolls," or rough pipe blocks being first made and subsequently moulded
into complete pipes, and automatic apparatus being provided for transferring the
rolls from the roll moulds to the finishing or pipe moulds.
Provision is made for exerting great pressure upon the clay, and the apparatus
is constructed so that the parts subjected to the strains caused by the pressure
applied to the clay will not yield.
The rolls are made from short lengths or blocks cut from bars of clay and
deposited in front of the roll moulds, such bars being formed and cut, and the
blocks being fed to the apparatus in the manner described in my earlier Specification
herein-before referred to, or in any other convenient way
My improved roll and pipe-moulding machine, when made in its complete form,
comprises two symmetrical halves, occupying similar but reversed positions on each
side of a central transverse vertical plane, and both operating in the same way, but
in an alternate manner, the greater strains being exerted at one side, whilst less
severe strains are operating at the other side, and vice versa, so as to tend to
equalise the power employed in working the machine.
One half of the machine is constructed for simultaneously moulding a pair of
rolls and a pair of pipes, the individuals of each pair of parts being placed on
opposite sides of a central longitudinal vertical plane The lower half moulds for
the two rolls are fixed on a massive central part of the framing, and the lower half
moulds for the pipes are similarly fixed to an upper fiame piece so as to be directly
over the roll moulds.
The upper half moulds of both rolls and pipes are arranged to rise when opening
the moulds, and are fixed to a bar fitted to work in vertical guides between the
moulds, and with a roll mould and a pipe mould on one side of it, and the two
other moulds on its other side. In the complete machine the bars on opposite sides
of the central transverse vertical plane are connected to opposite ends of a longi-
tudinal lever, so that they and the parts they carry counterbalance each other, and
the downward movement of one causes the upward movement of the other. Each
bar is drawn down at the proper time by a rod having an eye at its lower end
fitted with a strong pin, which also fits a pair of blocks jointly connected to a lever
by which a portion of the downward movement is effected. When the bar has
been moved down other blocks are moved horizontally over them to fill up (or
nearly so) the space between them and the under side of the frame piece on which
the lower half moulds for the roll are fixed. To insure the upper and lower halves
of the moulds being very forcibly held together a separate gripping device is
applied, the pin connecting the rod of the bar to the side blocks, which are first
moved down, being fitted eccentrically, and being formed with or having fixed on
it a lever, which is turned to complete the closing action, and draws the half moulds
into close contact, holding them closed with a force quite sufficient to resist the
pressure exerted on the clay.

page_text: The first motion shaft of the machine is a horizontal longitudinal shaft, having
on it in the complete machine worms which gear with worm wheels on two trans-
verse horizontal shafts, having on thein cams, or wiper-cams, which, through levers
and links or other connections, act on the various parts of the machine. The worms
also gear with worm wheels on two vertical shafts, having on them cams or wiper
cams for moving certain parts; or all the cams or wiper cams for each half of the
machine may be on the horizontal shaft.
The clay is compressed and forced into the roll moulds by plungers moving hori-
zontally and entering into cylindrical parts of the moulds; and in the upper or
pipe moulds the clay is acted on by stappers which move horizontally and shape the
interior of the bowl of each pipe. The plungers and stappers are fixed to slide
blocks working in guides formed or fixed to plates which can be adjusted to suit
different inclinations of the bowl of a pipe to its stem, the adjustable plates being
fitted to the fixed framing in such a manner that the latter can sustain the strains
of the actions of the plungers and stappers, these pieces, or at least the plungers,
being forced into the moulds by toggle-link movements between the slide blocks and
strong pins fixed in the adjustable plates.
The wiring is done so far as regards the action in the roll mould as in the
apparatus described in my earlier Specification herein-before referred to, but by
improved details adapted to the otherwise altered machinery. The rolls are not
tilted up out of their moulds as formerly, but are raised on their second wires
sufficiently to clear the lower half moulds, and are then removed horizontally and
longitudinally; and to prevent the bowls turning downwards, sharp pointed
angularly moving claws are arranged to stick into them, and assist in supporting
them.
The rolls are raised out of their half moulds and moved outwards by a framing
which has four wires and accompanying details, and which, when the rolls are
moved sufficiently outwards, makes half a turn, about a longitudinal axis, so as to
place the two rolls in upper positions opposite the ends of the upper or pipe moulds
whilst at the same time bringing down the other two wires and their parts ready
for the next pair of rolls. The rolls being raised as described are next deposited in
the upper or pipe moulds, and the supporting claws are withdrawn, being prevented
from carrying any part of the roll with them by blunt claws which hold back the
rolls.
After the rolls have been formed into pipes the blunt claws enter the bowls, and
the pipes are raised clear of the lower half pipe moulds, and each is taken hold of
by a pair of mechanical fingers, the one fixed on a spindle passing through a tube,
having the other fixed to it, and the two turning in opposite directions for closing
or opening, as required, by bevil toothed sectors or equivalent means.
When the wires have been withdrawn from the pipes the fingers carry the pipes
upwards and laterally, and deposit them on endless travelling bands which convey
them to suitable receptacles or to positions where they can be conveniently
removed by hand.
It may, in many cases, be wished to have a smaller and less costly machine than
that herein-before referred to as my complete machine, and in such cases the
machine may be made with two instead of four roll moulds, and two instead of four
finishing moulds, or in other words like the half of the complete machine, as herein-
before described, excepting of course that in it such movements as in the complete
machine would be transmitted from one side of the machine to the other, or be
effected in an alternate but connected manner in the two halves of the machine
must be arranged independently in the half machine.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I liereunto append six Sheets of explanatory Drawings,
to be herein-after referred to, and representing a modification of my improved
apparatus, such modification being what is herein-before referred to as a half machine.
In these Drawings the same reference numerals and letters are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.

page_text: Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, is a sectional elevation of
the machine as with certain parts removed, and some of these parts are shown in
elevation in Figure 2, on Sheet 2, whilst Figure 3 is a partial plan corresponding to
Figure 2, and Figure 4 is a side view of part in line with which it is placed.
Figure 5, on Sheet 3, is a sectional elevation as at right angles to Figures 1 and
2; and Figure 6, on Sheet 4, is a horizontal section, one half of it showing the
bottom fixed, half of one of the roll moulds and other parts at and below the same
level, whilst the other half shows the bottom fixed, half of one of the finishing or
pipe moulds and other parts at about the same level.
The bottom of Figure 6 corresponds to the front of Figure 1, but the parts in 1
Figure 2, and those occupying the left-hand half of Figuro 5, are not shown in
Figure 6, the top of Figure 6 corresponding to the right-hand side of Figure 5.
Many of the parts are in duplicate (even in this "half" machine), and in some
cases a part shown in one Figure is not identically the same as, but the duplicate
of the similar part shown in another Figure Figures 7 to 10, on Sheet 4, and 1
Figures 11 to 17, on Sheet 5, represent separately the various cams or wiper-cams
by which the movements are effected. Figures 18 to 22, on Sheet 6, are enlarged
views of soine parts, and aro herein-after specially referred to.
The machine is driven by means of a first-motion shaft 1 (Figure 1) placed
horizontally on the base or bed framing 2, and having on it pulleys 3 for a driving?
belt and a fly wheel 4. The shaft 1 has also on it a worm which gears with a worm
wheel 5 on a second-motion shaft 6, which is carried horizontally at light angles to
the shaft 1, and has fast on it the several cams or wipers A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K,
for imparting to the various moving parts their necessary motions in their proper
oider. The part of the framing above the base 2 comprises two hollow standards 7, 5
down on which there is bolted a casting forming the lower tables 8 and the lower
parts of the guides 9 for the main central vertical bar or slide 10.
Above the lower tables 9 there as a casting 11, forming a continuation of the
guides for the main bar 10, and supporting the upper table 12. The contact sur-
faces of the bar 10 and its guides are V shaped, as seen in Figure 6, and the bar 18
hollow and has passed down through it a malleable iron rod 13, capable of with-
standing the severe tensional strain exerted in drawing down the bar 10 to close the
moulds. The bottom halves 14 of the roll moulds are fixed down upon the lower
tables 8, and the upper halves 15 are fixed to brackets 16 on the bar 10; and in a
similar way the bottom halves 17 of the pipe moulds are fixed down upon the upper
table 12, the upper halves 18 being fixed to upper brackets 19 on the bar 10. In
Figure 1 the roll moulds 14, 15, and the pipe moulds 17, 18, are both shown open,
the bar 10 being in its raised position; but in Figure 5 the bar 10 is shown in its
lowest position, or nearly so.
The bar 10 is raised by the action of a cam A and lever a, Figure 8, and it
descends to its lowest position, or nearly so, by its own weight, when the cam A
allows it to do so. When the bar 10 has descended as far as it will go by its own
weight, a block 20 (Figures 1, 10,) which in plan is shaped like three sides of a
parallelogram is by a pair of springs 21 drawn in between the bottoms of the
guides 9 and the tops of two blocks 22, which are set on the smaller projecting
euds or journals 23 of an eccentric 24, fitted to an eye formed in the bottom end of
the tension rod 13 of the bar 10. A lever 25 is formed in the same piece with the
eccentric 24 (Figures 1, 5, 9,) and is acted on by a cam B, which causes the movement
of the eccentric 24 after the block 20 has been drawn in above the blocks 22, and
this movement produces a wedge-like and very powerful downward strain on the
rod 13 and bar 10, so as to insure the completest possible closing of the moulds
When the time comes for raising the bar 10 the gripping action of the eccentric 24
is first relieved by the action of a bell-crank lever 26, 27, acted on by a circular
flange on the cam B, the block 20 is then withdrawn by a lever 28 (Figure 10),
acted on by a cam C (Figures 1, 10,), and the cam A then, by means of the lever a,
raises the bar.
In order to prevent the blocks 22 from getting displaced, their inner faces are

page_text: formed with horizontal grooves, and vertical grooves are formed on the adjacent
faces of the rod 13, whilst a cross piece is in each case fitted to work in the grooves,
which are indicated by dotted lines immediately above the eccentric journals 23,
in Figure 5
At about the time that the moulds are being closed the first wire 29 and its tube
30 are inserted in each roll mould 14, 15, by means of a cam D (Figures 1, 13),
this can acting on a bell crank lever 31, 32, connected by a link 33 (Figure 5) to
a long lever 34, the upper end of which has jointed to it a rod 35, seen in plan in
Figure 6, and in side view as enlarged in Figure 18, Sheet 6. The other end of
the rod 35 is jointed to a horizontally sliding block 36, formed with a lug 37, in
which the outer end of the first wire 29 is carried. The tube 30, through which the
wire 29 passes, is held by a horizontally sliding block 38, the outward movement
of which is limited by a screw stop pin 39, carefully adjusted in a fixed bracket.
On its inner side the sliding block 38 carries an adjusting screw pin, indicated by
dotted lines in Figure 18, which is acted on by the lug 37 of the outer sliding
block 36, as the latter approaches the inner end of its movement, so that the wire
29 is thrust through the bowl part and along the stem part of the mould, and the
tubo is pushed partly across the bowl part so as to protect the wire from the pres-
sure of the clay. When the sliding block 38 moves inwards it acts on one arm 40
of a bell crank 40, 41, causing the other arm 41 to turn down outside of the sliding
block 36, and on the return movement (after the forcing in of the clay, which has
yet to be described) the block 36 acting on the bell crank 40, 41, makes it move
the other sliding block 38 outwards sufficiently to make the inner end of the tube
flush with the internal surfaces of the bowl part of the mould, the bell-crank arm
41 escaping over the top of the block 36 on this being accomplished.
When the moulds are closed a cylindrical block or plug of clay is placed in or in
front of the bowl part of each roll mould 14, 15, by hand or by any suitable
automatic feeding mechanism, and a plunger 42 then pushes in the clay, and
entering the bowl part, which it closely fits, acts like a piston therein to force the
clay into the inner part of the bowl and into the stem part of the mould.
Each plunger 42 is attached to a block 43, formed with two cheeks, and fitted to
slide horizontally between guides 44, and this block 43 is moved by means of a pair
of toggle links 45, 40, one of which is jointed on a pin in the block 43, and the
other on a pin fixed in the piece or pieces forming the guides 44. The table 8 is at
this part formed with strong ribs 47, 48, projecting up so as to form three sides of
a shallow box, which has a cover 49 bolted to it, and the outer rib 47 is internally
shaped to a circular curve, to which the outer part of the piece or pieces 44 is fitted.
This arrangement admits of angular adjustment of the guides 44, and thereby of
the line of action of the plunger 42, to suit different inclinations of the bowl to the
stem of the pipes to be made, the parts being adjusted and fixed in any desired
angular position by means of screw pins tapped through the sides 47, and bearing
on the guide pieces 44.
The toggle links 45, 46, are acted on by a block 50, fitted to slide vertically
inside the standard 7, and inside the part of the table casting 8, which extends
down to the standard 7. The link 45, which is jointed to the plunger block 43, is
made with a sector-shaped piece, indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1, of such a
radius as to roll upon the horizontal surface, which presses it upwards, and small
pins project from the joint pin of the toggle links 45, 46, into slots in a piece 51
attached to the block 50, so as to draw down the links, and thereby move out the
plunger when the block 50 descends, which it does by its own weight. The block 50
iests by an antifriction roller on a cam E (Figure 1, 11,) which raises it up at tho
proper time for forcing in the plunger 42. This plunger 42 however remains in
the mould 14, 15, until the first wire 29 and tube 30 are withdrawn, after which a
slight extra projection e on the cam E forces the plunger 42 a little further inwards,
so as to close the space left by the withdrawal of the first wire 29, and then the
plunger moves out of the mould. As the first wire 29 is being withdrawn by
the return movement of the lever 34, that lever by the same movement causes the

page_text: entrance of the second wire 52 by the other or stem end of the mould, the lever 34
has on its upper end a spring latch or catch 53, which, when the lever reaches its
outermost position engages with the holder of the second wire 52. The two second
wires 52 for the roll moulds 14, 15, ara simultaneously inserted, being fixed to the
samo holder 54 (Figures 2, 3, 4,) which is a cross bar fitted to slide on a V bar 55,
forming one of a pair of horizontal bars attached at their outer ends to a vertical
cross head 56, fixed on a horizontal spindle 57.
A second pair of second wires 52 are held by a second cross bar 54, fitted to slide
on the other V bar 55, but it is the cross bar 54, which is at the time lowermost,
that is, acted on by the lever 34, the upper end of this lever being forked so as to
act on the separate rods 35 of the first wine movements for the two roll moulds, and
carrying two latches 53, which engage with two projections m on the wire holder
bar 54, one on each side of the V bar 55.
When the second wires 52 are moved inwards in this way the catches 53 become
released by adjusting screw pins in them encountering inclines formed or fixed for
the purpose on the framing. The parts 54, 55, 56, 57, are herein-after for conveni-
enco referred to as the wire carrier.
The vertical cross head 56 18 forned with squared parts 58, by one of which the
wire carrier rests, and is steadied when in its lowest position on the top of a frame
standard 59. The spindle 57 of the wire carrier enters through a slot in the frame
piece 11 into a slot 60 in the main bar 10, and a bracket 61, set or fixed on the top
of the bar 10, carries the outer end of the spindle 57 in an elongated hole.
When the bar 10, in rising to open the moulds, has moved part of the distance,
it then acts by the bottom of the slot 60 and by the bracket 61 to raise the wire
carrier for the wires to lift the rolls out of the roll moulds sufficiently to admit of
their being moved horizontally outwards away from the roll moulds, but before the
rolls are thus lifted pointed claws 62 (best seen in Figure 3) are turned to catch in
and support the bowl parts or heads of the rolls. These claws 62 are carried upon
arms 63, formed parallel to the wires, on the holder bar 54, and are arranged to
make half a turn horizontally backwards and forwards on their centres 64, which
are formed with notches for steadying springs, and with both upper and under cross
feathers to engage with the parts which turn them.
When the wire carrier is in its innermost position each of the lower pair of claw
centres 64 is over a vertical spindle 65 (Figures 1, 6, 16.) which has at its top a
cross groove to engage with the cross feather of the claw centre, and this spindle 65
is acted on by a cam F through levers 66, 67, so as to be turned at the proper time,
the spindle 65 being formed with helical grooves, in which pins in the forked end
of the lever 67 act.
The outward horizontal movement of the wire holder 54, with the wires 52 and
claws 62 carrying the rolls is effected by a pair of levers 68 (Figures 2, 5,) which
act on studs 69 formed on the ends of the wire holder 54, these levers having pieces
at their ends which are adjustable by screws to secure accurate movement.
In Figure 5 a dotted circle 70 shows the position of the wire holder studs 69
when the levers 68 begin to act (the wire carrier being then in its raised position,
and not as it is shown in Figure 5). Dotted lines show the position of the lever 68
when moved out.
The levers 68 are moved at the proper times by a cam G (Figures 1, 14), this
cam acting on a bar 71, which is jointed to a lever 72 (Figure 2) on a rocking shaft,
on which the levers 08 are fixed, whilst a spring 73, indicated by dotted lines in
Figure 5, keeps the part of the bar 71 acted on by the cam in contact therewith.
When the wire carrier has been moved outwards, as described, carrying the rolls
with it, it is turned half round by the action on a twisted part 73 of the spindle 57
of the upper end of a lever 74 connected to a bar 75, which is acted on by a cam H
(Figures 1, 15). A front view of the upper end of the lever 74 is shown just above
it at 76 on the left-hand side of Figure 5.
The turning of the wire carrier takes place when it is in its raised position, the
twisted part 73 of the spindle 57 being then as indicated by dotted lines, and with

page_text: its outer end in the upper straight-sided part of the slot at the top of the lever 74,
which lever moves inward to turn the wire carrier. The lever 74 returns outwards
by the action of its weight, on a spring when the wire carrier is in its lower position,
and then the lower circular part of the slot in the lever passes over the twisted
part 73 of the spindle without turning it. The turning of the wire carrier brings
uppermost that one of the two wire holders 54 which has just before, when in the
lowermost position, moved out the pair of rolls last made, and this same wire
holder 54 is next moved inwards again by a pair of levers 77 acting on its studs 69.
These levers 77 are on a horizontal rocking spindle 78, carried by the levers 68,
herein-before described as moving outwards the wire holder when in its lower
position. The movements of the levers 77 are partly determined by the action of
three adjusting screw pins, two, 79, on the levers 68, and the third, 80, on an arm
fixed on the rocking spindle 78, and which comes into contact with the frame
standard 59. The levers 77 are formed with palms at their upper ends, each formed
with two flanges, and the outer flanges move the wire holder inwards, its studs
being at the commencement of the inward movement in the position of the dotted
circle 81, and at the end of that movement in the position of the dotted circle 82
(Figure 5).
When the rolls have been carried inwards again, but in a relatively raised
position, the wire carrier is lowered by the first part of the descending motion of
the bar 10, and the rolls are thereby deposited in the bottom halves 17 of the
finishing or pipe moulds. The continued descent of the bar 10 next brings down
the upper halves 18 of the pipe moulds, and after the closing strain has been applied
by means of the eccentric 24, as herein-before described in connection with the
lower or roll moulds, the stappers 83 are moved inwards to form the interiors of
the bowls and complete the moulding of the pipes. Each stapper 83 is fixed to a
block 8+ (as best seen at the right-hand side of Figure 6), which is fitted to slide
horizontally on the upper table 12 between guides 85, which can be adjusted
angularly by screw pins 86, tapped through lugs or flanges formed on the table,
whilst vertical bolts passing down through curved slots in the table also determine
their positions.
For moving each stapper block 84 a pin 87 formed on or fixed to it projects down
through an opening in the table 12, beneath which it has on it a square block 88,
fitted in a slot in a lever 89 below the table, as indicated by dotted lines in
Figures 6, and shown separately and enlarged in Figures 21 and 22 on Sheet 6.
This stapper lever 89 is fixed on a vertical shaft 90 (Figures 1, 5, 6, 12), and is
worked by a cam I through a bell-crank lever 91, 92, link 93, and lever 94, the
last being fixed on the shaft 90. The claws 62 are turned out of the before
way
the stappers 83 enter the moulds, their centres 64 becoming engaged (when the
wire carrier is lowered) with the heads 95 of short spindles, having pinions fixed on
them beneath the table 12. Each spindle 95 is acted on through its pinion by rack
teeth on a bar 96, indicated by dotted lines in Figure 6, and shown separately and
enlarged in Figure 19, Sheet 6; this bar 96 is also shown in edge view in Figure 20,
along with a part of the table 12, which is in section, and it is worked by the
stapper lever 89, a catch 97 on which engages with a spring catch 98 on the under
side of the bar 96. As the stapper lever 89 moves inwards it first moves the bar 96
so as to turn the claw, but the catch 97 through the curvature of its course passes
to the side of the catch 98, and then a spring (which is not shown) draws the bar
back, without however thereby turning in the claw 62 again as the spindle head 95
engages with the claw centre 64 by points, which do not act with the return
motion.
In order that the claw 62 when being turned out may not draw out the roll in
consequence of the adhesion of the clay, a blunt claw 99 is turned inwards before the
pointed claw 62 is turned away, this blunt claw being hollow and slit at the side so
that the pointed claw can move through it.
The blunt claw 99 is on a short vertical spindle 100, shown in Figure 17, and
beneath the table 12 a tube on this spindle is formed with helical grooves, to be

page_text: acted on by the pins of a fork 101 fixed to the upper end of a vertical rod 102,
which through levers 103, 104, is acted on by a cam J.
The blunt claw 99, after being in a sufficiently turned-in position long enough
to allow the pointed claw 62 to get free, at once moves outwards again out of the
way of the stapper 83, but again turns in after the withdrawal of the stapper, and
enters the bowl of the pipe, going further inwards than before in order to support
the bowl whilst the pipe is being lifted out of the inould.
The spindle 100 of the blunt claw has the helical grooves formed in a tubular
part, through which it can move vertically, and it rises with the wire carrier by
the action of a lug 105 fixed on the main bar 10. As the stapper 83 moves out of
the mould the wire 52 is pushed a little further into the mould through the action
of the cam G to make sure of its point penetrating quite into the bowl of the pipe,
and as the stapper lever 89 moves back it causes a knife 106 to remove superfluous
clay from the mouth of the bowl part of the mould. This knife is fixed to a
block 107, fitted to slide of a V guide 108 screwed to the table 12, and the
block 107 is acted on by a lever 109, fixed to a spindle passing through the table, and
having fast on it beneath the table a lever 110, a pin in which is acted on by an
angular piece 111 fixed to the stapper lever 89. The outer side of this angular
piece 111 acts on the knife lever 110 as the stapper lever 89 moves outwards, until
the pin on the lever 110 getting beyond the piece 111 escapes, and the knife is
drawn back again by a spring, which is not shown. The clay removed by the knife
falls through an opening in the table 12 upon an endless apron 112 (Figure 1)
which carries it clear away from over the lower moulds, and which is worked by
means of a ratchet wheel on its inner roller, a catch on the bracket 16 acting on
the ratchet at each upward movement.
Whilst a pair of rolls are being finished, as described, in the upper or pipe
moulds 17, 18, a succeeding pair of rolls are being formed in the lower moulds
14, 15, and the next half turn of the wire carrier whilst bringing up the said
succeeding pair of rolls to be finished in their turn, takes down the two wires 52,
which have just been acting in the upper moulds into positions for being next
again entered into the lower or roll moulds. In this way each turn of the cam
shaft 6 causes the formation of two rolls, and the finishing of the two previously
formed rolls into pipes.
There has yet to be described the mechanism for removing the pipes after their
moulding in the upper moulds 17, 18, has been completed. The removal is effected
immediately upon their being lifted out of the bottom half moulds 17 by the rising
of the wire carrier. Each pipe is then taken hold of by a pair of mechanical
fingers 113 (Figures 1, 6), which are on the ends of two horizontal rods 114, one of
which is tubular, with the other passing through it. Both rods 114 are carried in
a short tubular arm 115, which is fitted to turn with a vertical rod 116, the rod 116
passing down through the tables 12, 8, and having formed on it a twisted part 117,
which is acted on by a lever 118 (Figure 7) moved by a cam K. This lever 118
when raised by the cam K, first acting on the twisted part 117, turns the rod
116 a quarter round, so as to bring the horizontal rods 114 from the positions in
which they are shown in Figures 1 and 6 to positions over the bottom half moulds
17, the continued movement of the lever 118 next pushes up a tube 119 which is
on the rod 116, and thereby causes the fingers 113 to close.
A small block above the top of the tube 119 has formed in it two short hori-
zontal slots, into which penetrate eccentric pins fixed on the inner ends of the
finger rods 114, these pins being on opposite sides of the vertical centre line, so
that as the tube 119 rises it turns the finger rods in opposite directions to each
other through the angle required for closing the fingers when they are in position
for taking hold of the pipes. The two pipes being taken hold of in this way, each
by a pair of fingers, the wire carrier is moved outwards and withdraws the wires,
and then the finger arms 114 turn outwards, again carrying the pipes with them.
The block which acts on the finger arms 114 does not immediately move down
again with the tube 119, but is held up by a spring catch in it, engaging with a

page_text: groove in the rod 116. This catch is however released on the finger arms 114
approaching their outermost position by the action of a fixed cam guide 120 on a
pin connected with the catch, and then a spring between the top of the block and
a nut screwed on the top of the rod 116 forces down the block, causing the fingers
113 to open and drop the pipe, an endless apron or any other convenient recipient
(not shown in the Drawing) being arranged to receive it. The two arms or
carriers 115 of the two pairs of finger rods 114 for the two pipe moulds 17, 18,
are geared together by toothed sectors 120, and they may be worked by separate
rods 116, or the motions of one may be communicated to the other.
Having thus particularly described ny said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and original,
and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
1. The combination of the central vertical bar (10) with the parts for moving
it, and with one or more pairs of upper half moulds, substantially as herein-before
described.
2. The combination of parts, comprising the plungers (42), their guides, and the
mechanism by which they are inoved, substantially as heroin-bofore described.
3. The combination of parts for entering and withdrawing the first wires (29)
and the tubes (30), and for entering the second wires (52), substantially as herein-
before described.
4. The combination of parts forming the wire carrier, substantially as herein-
before described.
5. The several arrangements or constructions of parts by which the movements
of the wire carrier and its details are effected, substantially as herein-before
described.
6. The combinations of the pointed claws and of the blunt claws, each with their
moving details, substantially as herein-before described.
7. The combination of the mechanical fingers with their moving details for
removing the pipes from the moulds, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Golding, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and soventy-eight.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
RICHD. GOLDING. (L.S.)