IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Joseph Morison, of 2, Great St. Helen's,
Bishopgate Street, City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS."-A communication from abroad by
Messrs. Joseph H. Adams and Coombs, of New York, United States
of America
Sealed the 5th September 1868, and dated the 1st April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Joseph Morison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st April 1868.
I, ROBERT JOSEPH MORISON, of 2, Great St. Helen's, Bishopgate Street,
City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be as follows (that is to
say):-
They have for their object the more perfect separation of the seed and
motes from the cotton or lint than heretofore, the prevention of napping,
and a partial carding of the cotton.
The arrangements and applications which I make also enable me to
prevent combustion of the cotton which often takes place through the
heating of the journals.

page_text: Upon a suitable frame I mount and enclose the various cylinders and
apparatus for carrying out these. In the front and immediately under
the feed box is the saw cylinder of the usual form and having the
ginning or stripping brush or cylinder placed so as to strip the cotton
from the saws and carry it on to the carding brush or cylinder, which is
placed below and a little in advance of the gin cylinder; the stripping
and carding brushes are cylinders of the usual form having brushes on
the peripheries. I prefer that the velocity of the carding cylinder should
be greater than that of the saw cylinder. A blast board placed below the
ginning and carding cylinders catches the motes and throws them into a
dust box; the cotton after leaving the carding cylinder is carried by
means of a curved guide, and is directed against a cylinder placed in
front of the ginning and carding cylinders having steel brushes on its
periphery; this cylinder moving at a greater velocity than the others
has holes at convenient intervals on its ends and periphery, through
which a considerable current of air rushes, and the cotton is not only
cleaned and straightened, but by the blast is carried out of the machine
into the lint or cotton room. On the end of all the cylinders (excepting
the saw cylinder) I fix brushes so as to prevent the cotton from falling
on the journals and bearings where combustion might be and often is
produced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Joseph Morison in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
JOSEPH MORISON, of 2, Great St. Helen's, Bishopgate Street, City of
London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and. sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Joseph Morison, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Joseph Morison, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Joseph
Morison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," a communication to him
from abroad by Messrs. Joseph H. Adams and Coombs, of New York,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Robert Joseph Morison, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Joseph Morison, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
They have for their object the more perfect separation of the seed
and motes from the cotton or lint than heretofore, the prevention of
napping, and a partial carding of the cotton.
The arrangements and applications which I make enable me to
prevent combustion of the cotton and of the gin which often takes
place through the heating of the journals in other gins.
Upon a suitable frame I mount and enclose the various cylinders and
apparatus for carrying out these. In the front and immediately under
the feed box is the saw cylinder of the usual form and having the
ginning or stripping brush or cylinder placed so as to strip the cotton
from the saws and carry it into the carding brush or cylinder, which is
placed below and a little in advance of the gin cylinder; the stripping
and carding brushes are cylinders of the usual form having brushes on
the peripheries. I prefer that the velocity of the carding cylinder
should be about the same as that of the saw cylinder. A blast board
placed below the ginning and carding cylinders catches the motes and
throws them into a dust box; it also directs the cotton and prevents its
being carried back to the saws. The guard pieces on each side of the
frame or panels near the ends of the stripper are used to prevent end
waste and direct the lint to the flue, and, against the cylinder placed in

page_text: front of the stripping and carding cylinders having steel brushes upon
its periphery; this cylinder moving at a greater velocity than the others,
and has holes at convenient intervals on its ends and periphery through
which a considerable current of air rushes, and the cotton is not only
cleared and straightened, but by the blast is carried out of the machine
into the lint or cotton room. On the end of all the cylinders (excepting
the saw and steel brush cylinders) I fix brushes so as to prevent the
cotton from falling on the journals and bearings where combustion might
be and often is produced in other gins.
In order more clearly to explain the nature of my Invention, and
to illustrate how the same is constructed, arranged, and operates, I
append with this Specification the accompanying Drawings, which
however are intended only to shew the general principles of form
construction and combination of the several parts, the relative position
and proportions of which may be varied, while the means for actuating
the whole and the various parts may be modified or substituted by
any other well-known appliances so long as the main principles are
retained.
Fig. 1 is a section of the gin across the cylinders from front to back.
x, x, is the case containing the different portions of the machine,
having the feed box or grate y, through which the seed cotton is
supplied to the gin cylinder a, which rotating as shewn by the arrows
is stripped by the stripping cylinder B, and is carried to the carding or
straightening cylinder C, and then received from it by cylinder D,
which acting both as a blast and straightening cylinder throws the lint
through the flue G into the lint room. His the dust box for receiving
the dust and motes, while its side I acts as a blast board carrying the
dust and motes into the box H, and at the same time guiding the
cotton to the cylinder C, and preventing its being carried back to the
The cylinder A is of the usual form of ginning cylinder, having
saws or teeth on its periphery to catch the cotton, drawing it out
while the seeds fall or are thrown back. The cotton is stripped from off
the saw cylinder by the stripping brushes on the periphery of the
cylinder B, which is also of the usual form; from the cylinder B, as
before mentioned, it passes to the carding cylinder C, which has also its
periphery coated with brushes. The cylinder C should move at about
the same rate as cylinder A. The cotton is now taken up by the
saws.

page_text: cylinder D, the periphery of which is coated with steel brushes or
combs, as shewn in Figure 2.
and D. I prefer the
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of cylinders
velocity of D to be about four times that of the saw cylinder A. r, r, r,
are small apertures, which may be formed both in the ends and periphery
of D at suitable intervals, and arc intended to supply a current of air
to assist the draft of the lint into the flue; but the holes on the
periphery should be very much smaller than those on the ends. The
ends of all the cylinders, excepting the saw cylinder A and the steel
brush cylinder D, have brushes, as shewn, Figure 2, m, for the purpose
of preventing the lint falling upon the journals and bearings producing
combustion. The grate fall is adjustable, and may be slightly raised or
lowered by means of screws in the posts at the lower corners of the
feed box, while thumbscrews Ź on the front regulate the amount of seed
cotton presented to the action of the saw cylinder by moving the board
nearer or further from the saws; this is important, as it enables the
space to be enlarged or diminished according as the cotton is dry or
damp; the mote board forming the lower portion of the discharge flue
is also adjustable to slide in and out, so as to allow a more perfect
ginning of either dry or damp cotton. The dust box has a hinge S at
the back of the bottom board, and a thumb spring K at the front, to
permit its being dropped at will and have the dust discharged. The
back i, as before mentioned, directs the cotton and prevents it from being
carried back to the saws, and also acts as a blast board catching the
motes and dust and throwing them into the bottom of the box.
Having now described my Invention, and shewn how the same is
constructed and acts, I wish it understood that what I claim and wish
secured by the before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination and use of the cylindric comb brush D with
the gin brush B and the gin cylinder A, substantially as set forth,
with the brush C arranged and placed between the said comb brush D
and gin brush B, as described herein.
Second. I claim the use of the carding brush C in its method of
arrangement and operation in combination with the gin brush B and
comb brush D, substantially as set forth and herein described.
Third. I claim the use of the blast board i in combination with the
gin A, the gin brush B, and the carding brush C, in the manner
herein set forth and described in the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth. I claim the use and application of brushes to the end of
the cylinders B & C, substantially as set forth and described.
Fifth. I claim in combination with the carding brush C and the
comb brush D the curved guard f, arranged and operating as set forth
herein.
Sixth. I claim the dust box as arranged and acting in the manner
herewithin set forth..
Seventh. I claim the air apertures in the stripping cylinder D, as
arranged and set forth and for the purpose herewithin described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Joseph Morison, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
ROBERT JOSEPH MORISON. (L.S.)