Improvements in the Method of and Means for Brazing Joints.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in the Method of and Means for Brazing Joints.
I, DAVID CROWTHER, of Pickford Street, Milnsbridge, near Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the brazing together of tubes and lugs and like
fittings of cycle frames and other metal parts of similar description to which my
improvements can be advantageously applied, the object of my invention being
to provide a brazing piece, ferrule, or ring which will expedite and cheapen the
process of brazing and, by minimising the liability of the spelter being scattered
on the metal outside the joint, avoid the loss of time and labour now expended in
filing off the hardened spelter.
In carrying out my invention I make or form a brazing piece, ring or ferrule of
brass or other suitable brazing metal which may be in the form of wire plain per-
forated, fluted or indented flat strip, or gauze, the piece or ferrule being shaped
or constructed to fit one of the parts to be brazed together, such as the tubes of
cycle frames.
Within the said brazing piece or ring, or adapted to fit closely around same, is
a clip or band composed of a suitable metal, such as iron or steel which is infuse-
able at the melting point of the brazing metal and does not readily braze or is
treated or coated so as not to braze.
If the clip or band is used as the core or centre of the brazing piece, the brazing
metal may be coiled, wrapped, or otherwise laid around the clip, but if it is to be
placed on the outside, the brazing metal is indented or grooved to receive the clip.
The clip is employed in conjunction with the brazing piece, ring, or ferrule, more.
particularly for the purpose of holding said piece or ring in position when applied
to the joint and to maintain its hold thereon until the brazing metal is fused on all
sides and runs, the clip being preferably made to spring a little. The brazing
piece or ring may be made endless or split and is adapted to be passed over one end
of the tube or part to be brazed, or over any portion of same by springing it open,
the ring or piece being placed just above the joint to be brazed and then coated
or painted over with a flux solution which, if the brazing metal be of thin coiled
wire or gauze or perforated or indented metal, readily takes up and retains the flux.
On heat being applied the brass and flux are fused and run into and through the
joint which
uniformly filled and a firm solid joint made, the clip being left intact

page_text: outside the joint from whence it can be easily removed by the application of a pair
of pincers or a hook or the like. The joints to be brazed must be held in a vertical
position.
I may apply a flux enamel or glaze to the brazing piece constructed as above
set forth, if required.
By the above means and method the process of brazing is facilitated, simplified
and cheapened and the necessity of filing the joint clean after brazing, minimised.
Dated this 15th day of July 1898.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents, Halifax.
Improvements in the Method of and means for Brazing Joints.
I, DAVID CROWTHER, of Pickford Street, Milnsbridge, near Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
-
This invention has reference to the brazing together of tubes and lugs and like
fittings of cycle frames and other metal parts of similar description to which my
improvements can be advantageously applied, the object of my invention being
to provide a brazing piece, ferrule, or ring which will expedite and cheapen the
process of brazing and, by minimising the liability of the spelter being scattered
on the metal outside the joint, avoid the loss of time and labour now expended in
filing off the hardened spelter.
In carrying out my invention I make or form a brazing piece, ring or ferrule of
brass or other suitable brazing metal which may be in the form of wire plain per-
forated, fluted or indented flat strip, or gauze, the piece or ferrule being shaped
or constructed to fit one of the parts to be brazed together, such as the tubes of
cycle frames.
Within the said brazing piece or ring, or adapted to fit closely around same, is
a clip or band composed of a suitable metal, such as iron or steel which is infuse-
able at the melting point of the brazing metal and does not readily braze, or is
treated or coated so as not to braze.
If the clip or band is used as the core or centre of the brazing piece, the brazing
metal may be coiled, wrapped, or otherwise laid around the clip, but if it is to be
placed on the outside, the brazing metal is indented or grooved to receive the clip.
The clip is employed in conjunction with the brazing piece, ring, or ferrule, more
particularly for the purpose of holding said piece or ring in position when applied
to the joint and to maintain its hold thereon until the brazing metal is fused on all
sides and runs, the clip being preferably made to spring a little. The brazing
piece or ring may be made endless or split and is adapted to be passed over one end
of the tube or part to be brazed, or over any portion of same by springing it open,
the ring or piece being placed just above the joint to be brazed and then coated
or painted over with a flux solution which, if the brazing metal be of thin coiled
wire or gauze or perforated or indented metal, readily takes up and retains the flux.
On heat being applied the brass and flux are fused and run into and through the
joint which is uniformly filled and a firm solid joint made, the clip being left intact
outside the joint from whence it can be easily removed by the application of a pair
of pincers or a hook or the like. The joints to be brazed must be held in a vertical
position.

page_text: may apply a flux enamel or glaze to the brazing piece constructed as above
set forth, if required.
By the above means and method the process of brazing is facilitated, simplified
and cheapened and the necessity of filing the joint clean after brazing, minimised.
In order that my invention may be fully understood, I hereinafter make refer-
ence to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in
which:-
Fig. 1 is elevation shewing the construction of the composite or combined brazing
material according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is transverse section of same; and
Fig. 3 is section of the ball head lug of a cycle frame illustrating the method
of applying the composite brazing rings thereto.
Referring to the drawings a denotes the brazing metal, which is composed of
wire coiled round a central band or core b of iron or non brazable wire of oval,
round, or angular section, the oval section being very suitable. The coiled wire
brazing metal with its core of iron wire is wound or coiled round a mandrel to
make it circular, oval or D shaped and each coil thus made on the mandrel is then
severed to form the brazing ring a which can be slightly expanded and is made to
fit tightly on the fitting or part to be brazed.
The concentrated solution of flux is applied to the ring to fill up or approximately
fill the interstices between each coil of wire and to cover the surface of the wire
all round the ring, the ring being subsequently subjected to a sufficiently high
temperature to glaze or vitrify the flux. If the ring be handled' with care the flux
will not scale off. I prefer to cover the coiled wire and core with powdered flux
which fuses when subjected to the heat of a furnace or oven into which it is placed,
and fills the interstices or spaces between the coils, and when set, covers the same
with a glaze or vitrified coating of the flux. One two or more dredgings with
powdered flux may be given to adequately cover the whole of the metal or fill the
spaces between the coils.
In combining the flux with the brazing metal in the form of an enamel or glaze
on the surface thereof on the lines described there is no liability of the same being
affected by moisture.
I have shewn at Fig. 3 the manner of applying the composite brazing rings to the
joints of cycle frames for brazing the parts together; c represents the ball head lug
of a cycle frame and d and e the two tubes which fit into and are to be brazed to
same. The rings a are passed over the ends of each tube d, e, before said tubes
are inserted into the lug c and when the tubes have been inserted in said lug, the
rings a are placed a little away from the end of each joint, say about one quarter of
an inch, where they are firmly held by the tension of the core d.
It is essential or preferable that in brazing by means of said rings, the joints
should be vertical, a suitable brazing hearth partially surrounding same so as to
throw back the heat on to the rear and lateral sides of the joint where the jet from
the blowpipe cannot very well be directed.
In holding the joint vertical, as shewn in the case of the tube d the spelter on
fusing, flows down the tube and between it and lug e right to the bottom of the
joint (which has been heated from the bottom upwards) filling said joint uniformly
on all sides from the bottom up to the top thereof.
When the tube d has been brazed to the lug c, the tube is brought quickly to
the vertical to braze it to the said lug. The quantity of brazed metal necessary
to nicely fill any particular size of joints being first ascertained, the requisite pro-
portion can be put into each brazing ring of the same size for corresponding joints,
and the flux applied in such proportion as will ensure the ready flow of the metal
when fused, the proportions of the two materials being varied for larger and smaller
joints in a ratio approximating or corresponding to the increase or reduction in the
diameter and depth of joint, which can be judged fairly accurately, or may be found
by test.

page_text: The brazing wire may be wound around the core d in fine or coarse coils to vary
the spaces between each coil as found most suitable.
The coiled wire brazing rings may be used without fixing an enamel or coating
of flux thereon, the flux being applied with a brush in the form of a concentrated
solution after placing the ring on the tube to be brazed to the lug, but there is
no certainty in applying flux in such manner, too much or too little being given
even when exercising the greatest care, thus endangering the making of a good
joint and requiring a careful and skilled brazier.
The composite or combined brazing material or strip, ring, or ferrule made as
herein described is ready for immediate application to its particular form of joint
and only needs fusing after the joint has been heated to give a perfect weld; it
requires no skilled labour to attach it in position on the fitting or to braze the
joint; it fills the joint uniformly throughout and avoids the deposit of spelter on
the outside parts, such as takes place in the ordinary process of brazing, and con-
sequently minimises the filing and cleaning of the outside parts of the joints after
brazing.
For brazing liners in tubes the ring a is preferably made in two coils and is
inserted inside the tube above the liner.
For heavy parts or strong solid sections requiring a very strong joint a brazing
metal of a mixture of metals or composition possessing great tensile strength and
fusable at an approximately low temperature, may be employed.
The brazing material above described may be made in any form, shape, or size
to correspond with the description of joint for which it is intended there being
such a variety of joints that it is impossible to enumerate all.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1, The herein described brazing material comprising a core of non brazable
metal of any suitable section, a brazing metal coiled or wrapped around said core
and a flux applied to same in a powdered state or as a concentrated solution which
is subsequently subjected to heat and allowed to set to form a vitreous enamel or
glazed surface on and between the coils of metal, substantially as herein set forth.
2, A ring a of brazing metal, coiled or wrapped around an iron or non braziable
metal core with which a flux is combined in the form of a coating or vitrified
enamel which will allow the brazing metal and flux to be melted and used at the
same time, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 26th day of July 1898.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents, Halifax.