CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL. TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLEMENT
AUGUSTUS KURTZ, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, send.
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day
of February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Clement Augustus Kurtz, my exors, adññors, and assigns,.
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Clenient Augustus Kurtz, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others.
as I, the said Clement Augustus Kurtz, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the terms therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,.
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, aud the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and
also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Clement Augustus Kurtz, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
A

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Clement Augustus Kurtz, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried into prac-
tical effect, to be fully described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, and by reference to the four illustrative Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and forming part of this my Specification, and to the
numeral figures and letters of reference marked upon said Drawings, that is
to say:-
It is well known to practical weavers engaged in the manufacture of figured
textile fabrics that the figure or pattern has hitherto been produced or woven
by causing a series of perforated pattern cards to be brought into contact with
or opposite to the ends of the needles of the Jacguard machine, so as to throw
the hooked wires into or leave them out of contact with the grife or grate,
and thereby to effect the shedding of such of the warp threads as are necessary
to produce the desired figure or pattern; hence such pattern cards are made
of the same size or nearly so as that part of the Jaeguard in which the needles
are arranged in order to insure the holes or perforations in the said cards-
-coming-opposite to-the-ends of the needles. And further, such pattern cards
have been obliged to be made of considerable thickness to resist the pressure
of the springs which are employed to keep the needles in their proper position,
and such pattern cards have therefore been found very expensive and destruc-
tible. Now my Invention of improvements consists in substituting in the
place of the pattern cards a long strip or sheet of thin paper punctured or
perforated with exceedingly small holes arranged to suit the desired pattern
of figure to be woven, and the use and application of such pattern paper, in
combination with certain mechanical arrangements to looms for weaving,
whereby the needles of the Jacguard machine instead of being acted upon
direct from the cylinder upon which the pattern cards are arranged, as com-
monly practised, receive their movement through the medium of certain parts
arranged and combined in the manner hereafter set forth and described. And
further, by this Invention I am enabled, with about five yards of thin paper, to
effect as much as would otherwise require the employment of one thousand cards
composed of several thicknesses of paper. And in order to explain my said
Invention as completely as possible, I will proceed to describe the mechanical.

page_text: combinations and arrangements of parts which I consider well calculated for
carrying my said Invention into practical effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At Sheet 1, Figure 1 exhibits a side elevation of an apparatus drawn full
size, to be applied to the Jacguard machine of a loom. Figure 2 a transverse
and vertical section of the apparatus taken through about the middle thereof.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, detached portions hereafter referred to.
At Sheet 2, Figure 7 is a top plan view of the apparatus, shewn partly in
horizontal section. Figure 8, a partial side elevation of the apparatus,
illustrative of the mode of raising the needles hereafter described. Figure 9,
a transverse and vertical section taken through the line A, B, at Figure 7,
shewing the relative position of the needles of the Jacguard machine, and the
parts employed to actuate the said needles.
At Sheet S, Figure 10 is a front elevation of the apparatus, shewing
partly in section.
At each of the above-mentioned Sheets of Drawings similar letters of
reference are employed to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such
parts appear or can be seen at each of the Figures respectively.
A, A, mark side plates or castings by which the entire apparatus
is held together; and said apparatus is connected to the Jacguard
machine by four guide pieces B, B, securely fixed thereto, as shewn at
Figure 1, which admit of the apparatus being moved backwards and forwards
by the vertical plates C, C, both of which have a slot or opening formed
therein of the shape shewn. Within this slot a roller D is placed and retained
in its proper position by a pin 1 passing through the piece E, which is securely
fixed to the side plate A, A. The upper extremity of each of the vertical
plates C, C, is fixed to the moveable box of the Jacguard machine, and the
lower extremity thereof passes through a guide F fixed to the framing of the
loom. Thus it will appear evident that as the inclined part 2 of the slot or
opening in the plates C, C, comes into contact with the roller D (as shewn at
Figure 8, Sheet 2) during the downward movement of the said plates it will
cause the apparatus to be pushed outwards, or away from the Jacguard
machine, such reciprocating movement of the apparatus being for the purpose
of actuating the needles of the Jacguard machine, which I effect by the
following arrangement:-A solid piece of wood G or other suitable material is
securely fixed between the plates A, A, and to the piece G upright pieces
H, H, connected by screws 3, 3. The pieces H have holes formed through
them, into which one end of a piece of wire I, which I call a pallet, is inserted,

page_text: the wire being bent, as shewn, for that purpose, as also the opposite end or
head, which comes into contact with the needles of the Jacguard. It will
be seen upon referring to Figure 7 and 10, that there are several of these
pallets arranged or disposed side by side, and that each pallet when out
of use rests upon a wire K, which extends across the entire width of the
system of pallets fixed in the oblong opening in the piece of wood L, which is
securely fixed to the plates A, A. It will also be seen upon referring to
Figures 7 and 10, that there are cylindrical-shaped pieces of wood M, fixed in
a vertical position in the piece L, for the purpose of keeping each vertical set
of pallets distinct and separate from the adjoining ones, and there are saw
cuts made in the pieces M, into which wires K are placed and thereby kept
steady, with the assistance of the vertical wires N, N. There is a groove or
slight indentation made in each of the pallets L, L, for the purpose of con-
necting thereto a piece of fine steel wire J, which I call a needle, and said
needles are kept distinct and separate from each other by passing them
through perforations in a plate O, which extends across the entire width
between the plates A, A, to which it is securely fixed. P, P, marks the
cylinder of the apparatus, or that part which advances the pattern paper
against the needles for the purpose of raising them, and lifting the pallets to
which they are connected. The construction and arrangement of this cylinder
and mode of actuating the same is as follows:-The cylender P, which is of
wood, has a perforated plate of metal Q, fixed to the upper part..thereof.
The size of the holes in said plate are somewhat larger than those in the
plate O, and in adjusting the cylinder in the apparatus care should be taken
that the holes in both plates are opposite to each other. The part P is con-
nected to the apparatus by a spindle R, which passes through bearings S,
fixed to said part R, as exhibited. Upon one end of the part R a piece S',
which I call a lantern (shewn at Figure 1 and 10, is securely fixed). This
lantern is composed of two circular plates of metal, in which are fixed at equal
distances asunder steel pius T, which are successively hooked or taken hold of
by one of the lifting hooks v, v'. These hooks are connected together at their
upper ends by a screw 4, which is fixed into a forked lever V, the fulcrum
whereof is a screw 5 fixed in the said plate A, A, and to the part V¹ of
the forked lever V, a pin 6 is fixed which takes into a slot or opening formed
in the lever bar W, which has its fulcrum upon a screw 7, fixed to the vertical
bar C. marks a bent lever baving three arms 8, 9, 10, the fulcrum whereof
is a screw 11, fixed to the side plate A. This lever is employed for the pur-
pose of raising the cylinder and pattern paper fixed thereon, so as to place the
pallets in a position to act upon the needles of the Jacguard machine, which is

page_text: effected in the following manner: -Y marks a bent piece of metal, the upper
end whereof is connected to a pin 12 to a metal roller C, placed between two
of the pins T of the lantern for the purpose of keeping the cylinder steady
during the raising thereof, and the roller C is kept in close contact with the
pins T of the lantern by the traction of a spring a, one end whereof is fixed to
the cylinder P, as shown at Figure 10 of Sheet 3) and the other end is con-
nected to the piece Y by a pin 14.. Z is an upright catch piece, the lower
end whereof is connected to the cylinder by a screw (as shewn at Figure 8),
and which screw serves also to guide the piece Y in its vertical course. The
upper end of the plate Z has a notch formed therein for the purpose of con-
necting it to the arm 8 of the bent lever æ by a pin 13, and there is a tempered
steel spring 6, fixed by its lower end to the piece Z, and the upper end thereof
has a hole formed therein, which passes over the pin 18, and thereby locks the
piece Z to the lever x. e marks a sliding lever, having its fulcrum upon a pin 15,
fixed to the side plate A. This lever is employed for the purpose of bringing
the hooked end of the catch v³ into contact with the pius T of the lantern S¹.
When it is required to reverse the direction of the motion of the cylinder P
the lifting hooks v, v³, are guided to the sliding levere by the parts f, f, so
that by pulling down the cord g attached to the lever e, the lifting hook v
will be withdrawn from the pins P on one side of the lantern, and the lifting
hook be thrown into contact with the pins T on the opposite side of h, a
guide piece, between which the lever e passes. There is a spring i fixed
by one end to the lever c, and by the other end to the side plate A
at ; thus, as the lever e is pulled downwards the spring fixed thereto
passes along a slot 16 in the plate A, and when the pressure is removed
from the cord g the elasticity of the spring i will return the lifting hook v
to its original position. The turning round of the cylinder or advancing
of the pattern paper P is effected in the following manner:-As the ver-
tical plate C ascends it will cause the end of the slot in the bar W to
push against the pin 6 of the forked lever v, by which the hook u will be
raised, and the lower and forked part thereof being in contact with one of
the pins T in the lantern S¹ will turn it, and the parts in connection there-
with, the distance from one pin to another, and thereby effect the advancing
of the pattern paper; and the cylinder is raised and the pattern paper brought
into contact with the needles J of the apparatus by the following means:-
To the vertical plates C there is attached by screws 17 a piece of metal k, to
which is also connected another piece of metal l, which has its fulcrum upon
a pin 18. It will be seen, upon referring to Figure 2 of Sheet 1, that the
piece 7 is formed with an inclined plane at 19, and that the arm 9 of the

page_text: lever a has a pin or stud 20 fixed thereto; and assuming the apparatus to be
in the position exhibited at Figure 1, Sheet 1, it will appear evident that as
the vertical plate descends it will carry with it the pieces k and 1; and as the
inclined plane 19 of the said piece come into contact with the pin or stud 20,
in the arm 9 of the lever a, it will cause this lever to be moved upon its
fulcrum into the position exhibited at Figure 8, Sheet 2, and raise the cylinder
P and such of the needles as are in contact with that part of the pattern
paper which is not perforated, as exhibited at Figure 9, where m marks the
needles of the Jacguard machine, and I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, those
pallets which have been raised by these means and brought opposite to the
needles m of the Jacguard machine, and the inclined part 2 of the slot in the
vertical plates C, C, as it descends pressing against the roller D, will cause
the apparatus to be advanced towards the needles of the Jacguard machine
(the amount of such movement being determined by the inclination of the
part 2 of the slot), and such of the pallets as are opposite to the needles of
the Jacguard will operate upon them by pushing against them in a similar
manner to the pattern cards hitherto employed; and the vertical plates
C, C, continuing their descent, will pull down the lever w and end. v¹
of the forked lever v, and the lifting hooks U, U', connected thereto;
by which time the stud 20 will have passed the upper extremity of the
piece, by which it was held, and being released the lever a and cylin-
der P will descend until arrested by the adjustible stop 21; and the
upward movement of the vertical plates c, c, will cause the apparatus
to recede from the Jacguard; and the needles J being disengaged there-
from, and clear thereof, will be in a position to be again acted upon
as before described. n marks a spring for returning the piece to its
original position. O, a curved spring for retaining the lifting hooks v, v',
in their proper position. p, a spring to counterbalance the weight of the
cylinder P, and parts affixed thereto. I would remark, that in order to
compensate for any variation in the pattern paper which might arise from
the expansion thereof, by moisture or other causes which would destroy
the eveness of the surface, and thereby prevent the holes in the pattern
paper coming opposite to the needles J of the apparatus, and to ensure
an uniform movement of the said pattern paper at each movement of the
lantern S', I employ the following arrangement:-Upon the spindle R, I
securely fix three wheels q, r, s, which have pegs or projections fixed to or
formed upon them, and I form holes in the edges of the pattern paper into
which such pegs take, and I strengthen such parts of the pattern paper, as
also the middle thereof, by first folding the outer edges of the paper, and

page_text: having passed a piece of tape between such folds, I connect the parts together
with a solution of india rubber; and I affix a piece of tape down the centre
of the pattern paper, to strengthen that part into which the pegs of the
middle wheel r take; and I form the plate Q with a recess into which the
pattern paper fits, as exhibited at Figure 10, Sheet 3; and, having plated the
said pattern paper in its proper position, I place another plate of metal t
upon the top of the plate Q, taking care to leave sufficient space between these
plates for the pattern paper to pass freely, and I connect the plate Q and t
together by passing a key u through a hole in a lug or projection v fixed to or
formed upon each end of the plate Q, as shewn at Figure 7, Sheet 2; and the
plate Qand t are guided in their proper course as the cylinder P is raised,
by steadying pins W fixed to the under side of the plate O, at each side
thereof; and said pins pass through sockets a formed upon the plate Q. Thus
it will be seen that, by holding the pattern paper between these two plates,
it will be prevented from unduly undulating or presenting a too uneven
surface to the needles J, whereby the holes or perforations in the paper
will always be kept opposite to the needles, for should the paper by reason
of its expansion, or from other causes, have a tendancy to undulate, or the
surface thereof become irregular, such irregularity will be uniformly distributed
over the entire width of the paper between the surfaces of the plates Q and t,
and the integrity of its movement be maintained. The spindle R is directed
in its proper course by brass guide pieces y, which fit in slots formed in each of
the side plates A, and have free liberty of movement up and down the same
as shown at Figure 8, Sheet 2. When it is required to disconnect the
cylinder P from the other parts of the apparatus, for the purpose of placing
the pattern paper thereon, or for other purposes, the same may be effected
by pulling away the upper end of the spring b, which locks the pin 13 of the
lever x, and at the same time disengaging the upright piece from the pin 13
by the slot a in the side piece being pulled off the said pin. I would here
remark, that in replacing the cylinder in the apparatus, care should be taken
that the pallets I of the apparatus are disengaged from the loom needles,
which may be done by drawing back the apparatus, as before described,
otherwise the pattern paper will be destroyed by the needles J not being
able to raise the said pallets; and further, should it be desired to use pattern
paper, the holes or perforations whereof as exhibited at Figure 3 of Sheet 1,
are twice as large as those in the pattern paper before mentioned and
described, it will be found necessary to substitute hooks of the shape and size
exhibited at Figure 6 of Sheet 1, in the place of those exhibited at Figure 1;
the groove of the bar W must also be shortened by the adjusting screw 22,

page_text: and the fulcrum of the said bar be fixed lower down on the plate C, by which
the forked lever v will be moved through more space, and the lifting hooks
v, v, attached thereto, instead of advancing the lantern only the distance
between one pin T and that next to it, will move it twice that distance; or, in
other words, two of the pins T will pass the roller C at each lift of the
hooks v, instead of one only, as in the former instance. I would here remark;
that the cylinder P, with its plates Q and t affixed thereto, may in some cases
be employed as a punching or perforating machine; videlicet, suppose some
portion of the punctured pattern to have become torn, the same may bo
repaired by first pasting or cementing a piece of paper over the torn part,
and repuncturing such said part by placing it between the plates Q and t, and
with a punch forming other holes, so as to render the punctured pattern paper
perfect.
I will now proceed to describe the means which I employ for effecting
the puncturing or perforating of the paper after it has undergone the process
of "reading" the pattern thereon, which being well known and in common
use it is unnecessary here to describe. The apparatus which I employ
for puncturing or perforating the paper is arranged, combined, and actuated
in the following manner:-At Sheet 4 of the Drawings hereunto annexed
the apparatus is exhibited in section, and as it would appear if divided
through about the middle thereof and in the direction of its length. A, A,
marks-a-side-plate-or-casting, of which there are two, one at each side of the
apparatus; said plates extend throughout the entire length of the apparatus,"
and have affixed and connected thereto the following parts. B, B, mark the
needles of the reading apparatus which is of the ordinary description, and in
common use; and immediately opposite to these needles the puncturing
needles C of the apparatus are placed and are retained in their proper
position by guide plates of metal or castings D, D, which are securely fixed by
their ends to the side plates A, A; the plates D, D, have holes formed therein
through which the puncturing needles C pass and have free liberty of moving
horizontally. It will be seen upon referring to the Drawing, that those ends
of the punching needles C which are opposed to the needles of the reading
apparatus are formed with heads or projections a, and that the opposite ends
of the said needles pass through holes in the guide plates E, F, G, which are
firmly secured by their ends to the side plates A, A. HI, H', mark guide
plates securely fixed by their ends to the plates A, A, said guide plates being
employed for directing in its proper course the paper to be punctured. The
following means are employed for puncturing the edges and middle of the
paper to enable it to be advanced in the required distance at each successive

page_text: movement of the punching needles C. I, I, marks a plate of metal or
casting which extends across the entire width of the apparatus, to the sides
whercof it is connected by pins K, K, which pass through slots formed in the
ends I' of said casting, to enable it to have free liberty of being moved hori-
zontally to and fro'. M marks a moveable punch working through guide
holes in the plates H and I, said punch being actuated in the manner
hereafter described; and to the part I of said casting there are affixed pegs or
pins L, which pass through and into holes formed in the guide plates H', H',
as shown, for the purpose of retaining said paper in its proper position during
the operation of punching. The following arrangement is employed for
advancing the paper after it has undergone the last-mentioned operation:-
N, N, mark conducting wheels, of which there are six, the same being
mounted upon spindles or axes O, O, which extend across the entire width of
the apparatus, and work in suitable bearings. The construction and arrange-
ment of these wheels will be better understood by referring to Figure 10,
Sheet 3, where they are also exhibited as being employed for the purpose of
advancing the pattern paper; and upon one or both ends of each of the
axes O, O, rachet wheels P, P, are securely fixed into, which take into the
palls Q, Q. R, a lever having its fulcrum upon a pin *, said lever being
employed for the purpose of actuating the apparatus. S, a moveable plate,
having holes formed therein, through which pass the punching needles C,
said plate being employed for the purpose of returning the said punching
needles into their original position after they have effected the operation of
punching. The operations of this apparatus are as follows:-I take a piece
of paper of the required size and place it between the guide plates H, H', and,
by the aid of the lever R, I force the said punch through the
paper, by which
one hole is formed. I then withdraw the punch therefrom, and lift up the
paper until the hole thus formed comes opposite to the tooth on pin L' in the
piece I, upon which I place it; and the paper being thus held I again punch
another hole as before described; and I proceed in this manner, alternately
withdrawing the punch and lifting up the paper, until four or five holes have
been punched, by which time the first hole will be opposite to one of the teeth
or pins in the wheels P, P, which will take hold of the paper, and, by
imparting motion to the said conducting wheels in any convenient manner,
the paper will be advanced the distance between one hole and the next, the
movement of said wheels being regulated by the ratchet wheels P and
palls Q, Q; and I continue to punch holes in the sides and centre of the
paper until the teeth or pins in the upper conducting wheels N¹, N', take into
said holes. I then cause the punching needles C to be pushed forward

page_text: by the needles of the reading apparatus, and I-retain the punching needles
in such position by an abutment piece or plate T, of which there are
several, the lower ends whereof takes into a recess * formed in the
plate D¹, and the plate T" of the plate T is placed in close contact
with the heads of the punching needles, whereby they are firmly held;
and having thus secured them, I procced to move the paper against the
said punching needles by means of the lever R, whereby the paper is
punctured or perforated. I then move the apparatus in the opposite direc-
tion, and, after having withdrawn the plates T from the heads of the
punching needles, I proceed to pull, the plate S against the heads of said
needles by which they are simultaneously brought into their original position.
I then drew back the plate I, so as to disengage the pins or teeth L therefrom,
and I impart motion to the wheels P, P', for the purpose of raising that part
of the paper which has been punctured or perforated. The teeth or pins L, L',
are again allowed to enter the holes formed by the punch M, and, the punching
needles being again acted upon by the needles of the reading apparatus, I
proceed to puncture the paper in the manner before described, and I continue
such operations until I have punctured or perforated the paper with the
desired pattern.
I will now proceed to described another part of my Invention of improve-
ments in looms for weaving, which consists in an improved arrangement and
construction of the "reader" or reading machine employed for the purpose of
setting punches in punching plates; for puncturing the patterns. paper with the.
design required. In describing this machine I consider it is only necessary to
explain the action or movements thereof generally, without entering into
detailed particulars of the mode of transmitting movement to all the several
parts of the machine, as the same has already been fully explained in the
former part of this my Specification, and exhibited at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, of
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
This Drawing exhibits a side elevation of the reading machine, of the full
size, and as it would appear when ready for use. A marks the cylinder or bar
which carries the cards. This cylinder is raised or borne against the needles C,
and said needles being raised by the pressure of the unpunctured portions of
the card come into contact with the needles A, B, which, being connected to
the pallets J, raises the said pallets. The movement of the bar I pushes the
pallets J against the punching needles, and thereby effects the punching or
puncturing of the paper t, u, after which the cylinder A descends and come

page_text: into contact with a movement which connects the cylinder A with the
advancing cylinders X, X, which causes these last-mentioned cylinders to
perform a portion of an entire revolution, according to the size of the holes
required. When it is desired to pierce the paper with larger size holes, at
each movement of the machine I substitute in the place of the cylinder A and
piece D the cylinder A, F, Figure 2, and piece a, e; and for puncturing the
smaller size holes, at each movement of the machine I make use of the smaller
piece A, G, Figure 3, under which an ordinary cylinder is placed and is moved,
the same being properly pierced for the smaller divisions. In piercing from
the "reader," the threads attached to the needles Z set in motion the pallets J,
and place them in a proper relative position with the punches. The needles Z
are supported by a grating formed of longitudinal and transverse threads,
which are held by the bar I. The plate Q, through which the punches pass, is
caused to move at the same time as the bar I, and serves to hold back the
punches during the time that the cylinders X, X, are advancing the paper.
If it is desired to pierce the pattern paper with holes still smaller than those
before mentioned, instead of using the set of punches shewn at the Drawing,
Sheet 5, I use another set of which the corresponding needles employed
therewith must be proportionately small. The band of the bar M serves to
hold the guides n, n, which may be raised by drawing up the upper needles.
At y, y, the apparatus exhibited at Figure 4, and marked H, is placed. As
regards the size of the apparatus I have just described, it will depend upon
the number of needles used and the use to be made thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING No. 5*.
This Drawing exhibits a front elevation of the reading machine lastly
above mentioned. a, b, mark uprights of the plates of the; a, m, moveablo
pieces; a, n, plates of the conducting arms; a, p, stay or prop to support the
fixed punch or small apparatus marked H at Drawing No. 4, and employed
to pierce the chain holes in the pattern paper. The chain wheels at the
> extremities of the spindle are moveable thereon in order to admit of their being
set nearer together or wider apart, according as it is required to pierce paper of
greater or less width, in which case it will also he necessary to alter the position
of the apparatus or punch marked H at Drawing No. 4, and to fix it at one of
the corresponding holes at the point where the said chain wheels are fixed;
5 and, in order that the cylinder should carry the cards into as close contact
as possible with the needles and plates of the moveable pieces a, m, are
mounted or fixed in a moveable plate, which is pushed or acted upon by
springs situate at each extremity of said plate, as shewn, which allow the

page_text: g
and the palletts find themselves face to face with the needles of the Jacquard,
the apparatus of the palletts presses itself against the needles, as in the appa-
ratus before described, at Drawings 1, 2, and 3, and by the same means.
The wires o pass over a trestle of a curvilinear from extending over the entire
width of the apparatus. It is seen at Figure 2 that it is somewhat narrowed
at its extremities than towards its centre, which is in order to compensate for
what the wires o lose or gain in length; when diverging more or less from
the operation of the combs k, as seen in face at Figure 3. In raising or
lowering this apparatus of combs the needles g are made to approach more or
less to each other. When the needles 9 do not meet the studs in opposition to
push them the arms h, resting in an horizontal position, cause the palletts j to
rise so that they may pass between the needles of the Jacquard, when the
pressure takes place. At Figure 2 is scen the arrangement of springs on the
needles. These springs are placed alternatively nearly at the ends, but a little
further up in order to admit a greater approximation of the needles when the
smaller divisions are in use. This apparatus may serve as a reader or may
stand in its place (be used instead) in effect. If instead of applying it against
the needles of the Jacquard loom it were applied to apparatus shewn at
Drawings 4 or 5, the result would be the same as that produced by means of
the reader on the sheets. I abstrain from setting forth all the advantages of this
part of my Invention, which will, however, be fully appreciated by persons in
the weaving trade, but now proceed to mention various modifications and
accessory dispositions.
DRAWING 6, FIGURE 4, VIEW OF PROFILE.
This apparatus, Sheet 6, Figure 4, has for its object the rolling or unrolling
the rolls of paper which are employed in the system shewn in the first
Drawing. The hooks o, f, are in communication with one of the moving parts
of the Jacquard, and that of the two which is taken up, which we here
supposed to be the hook f, makes the roll in contact d turn from right
to left. The roll of paper a being placed on two rollers it will be unrolled
in proportions always equal, notwithstanding any difference in its diameter,
and the roll 6 will also roll itself up. Care should be taken in placing
the rolls of paper to furnish them with a strong stick or roller of wood-
of heavy hard wood, so that when the operation reaches the last turn of
the paper,
which is then too slight to sustain the contact with the rollers d,
the weight of the wood supplies the deficiency and assures the integrity
of its motion. When the rolling up is finished at the side b the roller
of wood is retired from its centre, having served to insure its contact with

page_text: being a reduced scale, the scale of proportion is placed below, but all the
proportions are arbitrary.
FURTHER DESCRIPTION of various Modifications of my Invention where
Paper is employed instead of Cards in Looms for Weaving.
At Drawing 1, Figure 1, which is a view in profile. The cylinder and prin-
cipal portion of the apparatus are united as in the three first Drawings, and in
order not to repeat myself unnecessarily I will, in the remainder of my
description, confirm myself to the detail only of what is absolutely new. This
apparatus possesses the great advantage of being easily placed opposite the
Jucquard loom needles, in consequence of the size of the parts destined to act
against the loom needles. The needles g hold or are fixed on the stems of
the springs h, which are carried into i, and when they are raised up by the
cylinder and the paper, the stems i, which rest on the springs, turn round
and face the open or plane parts of the bar K, and when the whole
apparatus is placed or goes against the loom needles, the heads j of the
stems which are raised cause it to recedc, and all the stems which have not
been raised are taken up again in the grooves K by the resistance of the
needles of the loom. The grating " is attached by the stem p to the
framing of the loom and causes the heads j to resume their places, when all
the apparatus recedes to operate the next or following movements. It
should be remarked, that the heads ; are of a conical form (withinside)
to enable them to move when the stem i is raised. Drawing 7, Figure 2,
side or profile view I call a registering system. The pieces e, f, k, l, are firmly
fixed to large side plates of cast metal as in the apparatus previously described,
except that the groove in which the cylinder traverses is horizontal instead of
vertical, and the hooks which effect the movement of the lant (paper) are
also horizontal. This apparatus is thus put in motion. The cylinder a, b, c, d,
approaches with the paper against the needles g, push the squares i, which
raise the registers j, which are bent at their ends, so that being raised they
prevent the pistons from retreating when the entire apparatus moves against
the needles of the Jacquard loom. All the pistons of the box e which are
barred by the heads of the registers cause the needles of the loom to recede;
the pistons which are not barred by the registers are taken up again by the
resistance of the loom needles, because the springs which are under the
pistons are weaker than those of the elastic box of the loom. In order
that the pistons do not escape or get out of place, a small rivet is placed
on the stems on the side next the registers, the latter being guided by the

page_text: small points fixed in the bar K. This modification is also easily adjusted.
before the loom needles form the heads of the pistons or plugs being made
large. The paper also undulates with greater freedom in this vertical position
when it expands by moisture. In explanation of the appendages h, I will
mention they are two small pieces of brass or copper, bent to form arms of
different length, in order to restore to their natural order of succession
the corresponding needles of the upper square, without the use of which the
succession of the needles g would be in the following manner: 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, while they should be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
Drawing 7, Figure 3, side view: Modification of rings and moveable grates
or gratings for the needles. The apparatus works thus:-All the pieces.
thereof are solidly to cast-iron plates, as in Drawings 1, 2, 3, and all are
moved' by the same means, the grating being affixed to the loom in the same
manuer as at Figure 1. The cylinder A rising with the paper, the needles:
and rings y contiguous rise between the bar m² and the grate m to the
height of the abutments k, the apparatus advances against the loom, the
needles n are plunged in by the abutments whose raised rings obstruct
the passage, there being no rings behind the abutments, these are pressed
into the spaces between m and m¹ by the needles of the loom n. The
effect of the moveable grating e is to guide the needles h by a course
approaching nearer the paper, which, consequently, contributes powerfully to
insure the accuracy of their passage through the holes in the paper. This:
grating slides on the guide g by f, which has a notch traversed by a point in
the guide g, so that when the cylinder is removed the grating e retains its
place and does ll. It results also, in using this modification, there is less
danger of forcing or falsing the needles by accident when the cylinder is
removed. At p the plan of a ring is shewn; it has holes in it to allow the
passage of the needles of the other rings. The
open as far as the extent of these holes, if -
".
may be made entirely
These rings are made of any
metal sufficiently fusible to be cast in a metal mould.
Drawing 7, Figure 4, side view: Modification consisting of counter-
weights and double needles, of two cylinders, and of conducting circles or rings.
By this modification a repitition of taps or blows of the satin forming the.
foundation of a stuff in the piercing is avoided. As if there are three thou-
sand taps or blows for the flower, and fifteen or twenty-five for the satin,
they will not have to be repeated to alternate with the flower. A paper
having the fifteen or twenty-five taps suffices for the satin on placing it on
the upper cylinder, the paper pierced for the flower is placed on the lower.
cylinder. The steel double-toothed circles have the merit of insuring with,

page_text: great precision and power the course of the paper without hurt thereto,
because it is held by a greater number of teeth than when conducted or guided
by the teeth of wheels, the number of sockets of teeth by enlarging the plates
of the cylinder c, d. These circles may also be applied to the upper cylinder.
The apparatus is thus put in motion. The usual hooks turn the double
lanthern (paper) i. They act thereon, divided in twenty-six (black dots).
This divided by thirteen causes the upper and lower cylinders to move alter-
nately by the counterweights h, j. The counterweigh palletts are made
longer at the side next the lower needles in order that the weight may cause
them to return to their places. The mode or manner of producing the alter-
native effect can be seen in the Drawing. It is by roughness of the ends of
the counterweights h, j, of which one passes through the red spindle divided
in thirteen, while the other is formed on a spindle in this lantern. The hori-
zontal hooks m, n, o,p, rest on pegs placed at convenient distances to permit
them to act when necessary. A spring placed behind the counterweight q
serves to return it to its place, when the plate t causes r to descend by its own
descension. All the other effects are produced by means already herein-before
described. I would here remark, that all these modifications may be united
or combined in the whole or in part as required, according to the will of the
workman-who is using the Invention.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed and carried into practical effect, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that what I claim as of my Invention of certain improve-
ments in looms for weaving is,-
First, the use and application to Jacquard machinery of the perforated
metal plate marked t, at Figure 2 of Sheet 7 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, for the purpose of correcting or counteracting the excessive undu-
lations of the punctured pattern when paper is employed and substituted in
lieu of pattern cards, as herein-before particularly described, set forth, and
represented.
Secondly, I claim as of my Invention of Certain Improvements in Looms
for Weaving, the apparatus herein-before particularly described, set forth, and
represented at all the several Figures of the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
the use and application to Jacquard machinery of such said apparatus in com-
bination with the perforated metal plate marked t, and punctured pattern
paper before mentioned, in the manner set forth, for the purpose of trans-
mitting the necessary motion to the needles of the Jacquard machine for
effecting the raising of the warp threads of the loom, in accordance with the
desired pattern.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the mechanical combinations and arrangements of parts
herein-before particularly described, set forth, and represented at Sheets
4, 5, 5, 6, and 7, of the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the use and
application thereof to Jacquard machinery, in the manner set forth, for the
purpose of effecting the puncturing or perforating of the paper with the
desired pattern or "reading," as constituting improvements in looms for
weaving.
In witness whereof, I, the said Clement Augustus Kurtz, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.