CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS WHICH PRODUCE A CONCENTRIC AND REVOLVING ECCENTRIC MOTION APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES, WATER PUMPS, MILLS, AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1820

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOB
RIDER, of Belfast Foundry, in that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland,
Iron Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, did by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster, the
Twentieth day of July, in the first year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
the said Job Rider, my exors, adññors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege, and authority, that I, the said Job Rider, my exors, aditiors,
and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS WHICH PRODUCE A
CONCENTRIC AND REVOLVING ECCENTRIC MOTION APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES,
WATER PUMPS, MILLS, AND OTHER MACHINERY;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Job Rider, shall not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
-the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chan-
cery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become
void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and
ot large annear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Job
Rider, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained
in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed and the following description thereof
(that is to say)—
Figure 1.is-a longitudinal.section of an engine.or. pump, through the centre
of its axis; Figures 2 and 3 are sections of two different engines or pumps at
right angles to their axis's, the same letters of reference applying to the same
parts in all the Figures. A, A, &c., is a cylinder, which, as well as the other
parts of the machine, may be made of cast iron or other fit and proper material
or materials, and of any diameter and.. length suitable to the purpose the
engine or pump may be applied to. This cylinder has two branches E, D,
and S, Figures 2 and 3, with-flanches-at-their-ends, and it has also flanches at
each end of itself for adapting or screwing to it the caps D, D, Figure 1, in
the inside of the cylinder. A, A, are two (partial) inside flanches, the forms
of which are shewn at B, B, &c., in Figures. 1, 2, and 3. In Figure 1 is shewn
their thickness, and Figures 2 and 3 their concentric and eccentric shapes are
shewn, and where their curves terminate in the insides of the cylinders A, A,
&c. The insides of the cylinders A; A; &c., are made concentric between the
eccentric parts. In each cylinder is made an opening E;.E, shewn lengthways
in Figure 1, and endways in Figures 2 and 3. F, F,. &c., in Figures. 1, 2,
and 3, is another inner cylinder, having recesses made within. it, G, G, &c.,
shewn in Figures 2 and 3; in these recesses are fitted sliding valves or pistons
H, H, &c., shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The cylinder. F with its sliding
valves or pistons is securely fixed upon its axis O, Figures 1, 2, and 3; or, the
axis O may be cast solid with the cylinder. F: The surface of this cylinder Fis
accurately turned, and its ends made perfectly flat, and is concentric with its axis O,
and the edges of the sliding valves H, H, &c., forming parts of the cylinder's
surface. I, I, &c., Figure 1, are two plates fitted upon the cylinder F, so as
to form flanches at each end of it, having holes through their centres fitting
the axis O, or these holes may be made as large as the diameter of the
cylinder F, or of any size between that and the axis O, as may be most
convenient for fastening them together. These plates or flanches I, I, &c.,
are turned out so as to fit on and extend over a small part of each end of the
cylinder F and the ends of the sliding valves or pistons H, H, &c. These
plates or flanches I, I, &c., are securely fixed on each end of the cylinder F.or
screwed together by screws passing through the holes a, a, &c., Fig. 2, made
in the cylinder F for that purpose, and when secured together they are
accurately turned so as to fit their places, viz, their thickness to agree with

page_text: the space between the inner. partial flanches B, B, &c., and the caps D, D, &c.,
Figure 1, and their diameters to fit the turned ends of the cylinder A, A, &c.
Those parts of these plates or flanches. I, I, &c., which project over the sliding
valves or pistons H, H, &c., are grooved out to correspond with the recesses G, G,
5 &c., in the cylinder F, so as to allow the sliding valves or pistons-II, H, &c., to
move freely out until their outer edges will be in a line with the extremities
of the plates or flanches I, I, &c., Figure 1.. The proportions of the outer and
inner cylinders and the depth of the recesses in the cylinder. F must be such,
that when the sliding valves or pistons H, H, &c., are at the extremity of their
motion outwards their inner parts or edges must remain in the recesses G, G, &c.,
so as to have a close bearing on their various parts. The sliding valves or
pistons thus made and ground or fitted tight into their respective places, one of
each pair is connected to its opposite valve or piston by the pins or rods J, J,
&c., Figures 1, 2, and 3, which pass through the center of the cylinder F and
axis O; these pins or rods are ground or fitted tight into their respective holes,
and may be farther secured by stuffing boxes in the bottom of the recesses
G, G, &c. One end of each pin or rod bears against a spring y, Figure 1.
These springs are fixed by their middle parts into grooves 0, 0, &c., made
in the inner edges of the sliding valves or pistons H, H, &c., as shewn
in Figures 2 and 3. Or, in place of one long spring applied to each pair
of pins, or. rods, I apply a helical spring at the end of each pin or rod,
as shewn at 3 and 4 in Figure 2, and at 5 and 6 in Figure 1; and
when circumstances require it, I also apply some elastic substance lodged
in grooves made in the outer edges and ends of the sliding valves or
pistons H, H, &c., as shewn by the dotted lines at 9, 10, in Figure 3.
K, K, &c., in Figure 1, are stuffing boxes, closed by means of screws and
glands in the usual way, to prevent the passage of any fluid by the axis O.
The opening E, E, in Figure 1, is fitted up by a solid piece C, C, fitting
close. to the inner cylinder F; the opening E, E, in Figure 2, is closed
by a flap valve C, C, and, when used for a pump it prevents it from being
choaked, the flap C, C, rising to let out the obstruction; L is a close cover
screwed over, the valve. The opening E, E, in Figure 3, is closed by the
piece C, C, which is fitted to the inner cylinder F, and adjusted by screws
passing through the cover L; this is adapted for an engine to act either way,
as shewn by the arrows pointing contrary ways. In place of the openings
E, E, &c., and pieces C, C, and B, B, in Figures 1 and 2, I occasionally cast
those parts of the cylinder A, A, &c. solid with the cylinder itself, when cir-
cumstances may require it. I also occasionally put in the pieces C, C, &c., and
any number of partial flanges B, B, &c., and place them diagonally or other-

page_text: wise to equalize the wear of the sliding valves or pistons H, H, &c. as they
pass over the eccentric parts of the cylinder A, A, &c. M, in Figure 3, shews
that the inner cylinder F may be made hollow and with arms, instead of being
made solid. B, B, in Figure 3, shews that the forms of the partial internal
flanches alter in their concentric and eccentric parts, according to the number of
sliding valves or pistons used. If four be used, then one fourth part of the
cylinder A, A, must be made concentric to the axis in the inside, at the part
where the sliding valves or pistons bear against it with their revolving power,
as shewn in Figure 2. When six sliding valves or pistons are used, one sixth
part only of the cylinder A, A, must be made concentric, as shewn in Figure 3.
The opposite parts C, C, must also be made concentric to the axis in similar pro-
portions, according to the number of sliding valves or pistons used, and in like
manner for any other numbers of pistons or sliding valves used. In Figure 1,
e, e, &c. are circular grooves made in the caps D, D; in these grooves are fitted
elastic packings, made either of a metallic, animal, or vegetable substance, as cir-
cumstances may require; and also from each of these circular grooves are three
branches of packing, one passing over the edges of the flanches I, I, &c., and
proceeding between the flanches I, I, and the parts B, B, connecting them-
selves with the parts C, C, and two others proceeding from the grooves e, e, &c.
over the edges of the flanches I, I, &c. There places are where the power of
action commences on the sliding valves or pistons, and where it ceases (that is
to say), the place where the sliding valves or pistons come into contact with the
concentric part of the cylinder A, A, Figures 2 and 3, and the place where the
sliding valves or pistons leave that concentric part; this is governed, as before
mentioned, by the number of sliding valves or pistons used, or the paekings
may be continued all round the grooves e, e, &c., and connect with one branch
or stop at the middle of the small concentric circle, which will secure the edges
and insides of the flanches I, I, &c., as shown by the dotted lines at 7, A, B, and
8, B, A, in Figure 1. The packings in the grooves e, e, &c. may also be
tightened by screws at 1, 2, 3, and 4, in the caps D, D, &c., as shewn in
Figure 1. The manner of applying the power of steam to this machine is as
follows-In Figure 2, the branch S being closely connected by a pipe to a steam
boiler, and the branch E, D, being either left open to the atmosphere or con-
nected by an eduction pipe with a condensor; in both cases the steam,
according to its pressure, will force forwards the sliding valves or pistons
H, H, &c. which are in the steam's course with a power equal to the medium
on each side of the sliding valves or pistons in action, and as any one passes
forwards and its acting power ceases, the following sliding valve or piston
comes into action, thereby producing an uniform revolving motion of any power

page_text: 5
required. This revolving power is applicable either in a vertical, oblique, or
horizontal direction, as circumstances may require, and may be made so that
its speed will suit for turning laths, carding, roving, and spinning machines,
thrashing and winnowing machines, corn mills, paper mills, saw mills, pro-
pelling of ships or vessels, moving of coaches and other carriages, and for
other purposes, without the use of fly wheels, cog wheels, or other intermediate
machinery. A fall of water may be applied to this machine, as follows:-The
pipes E, D, and S (see Figure 2), must be larger than when steam is used..
Let the branch S be connected with the head for receiving the water, and the
other branch E, D, be connected to the bottom for discharging it. The water
by its gravity will produce a power to turn the axis 0, according to the size of
the sliding valves or pistons and the weight of water thereon, and motion may
be thus communicated to various machinery, &c., by wheel work in the common
way, or otherwise. This engine may be used for raising and forcing water,
in the following manner:-By applying the power to the axis O, and turning
it in a reversed direction, the machine will raise and force water to any height
required. This machine may also be made to pump or force air and other
fluids, and also be made a blowing machine for the use of smelters, smiths, and
founders. The inner cylinder F, with its sliders, but without the external
cylinder A, may be also employed for propelling ships or vessels, sufficient power
being applied to turn it, and a frame or bars being placed over it to move the
sliders, which in this case becomes the paddles; as the cylinder revolves the
sliders will produce the same effects as the common paddle wheels, although the
cylinder and its paddles is wholly immersed in the water; and it will also have
another advantage, for by the cylinder being made hollow and water tight, it
will possess a considerable degree of buoyancy, and it may be placed either at
the bottom or side of the ship or vessel, as may be found most convenient.
I have thus described several methods of carrying my improvements into
effect, in order that no obscurity may remain thereon. But I do not hereby
mean or intend to claim as my Invention any of the various parts of which the
'machines may be composed which may have been used before. But I do
hereby claim as my Invention the introduction of the revolving end plates or
flances I, I, with grooves in them for the ends of the sliding valves or pistons
H, &c. to move in; also the connecting pins or rods J, J, &c., which pass
through the cylinder F and axis O.
In witness whereof, I, the said Job Rider, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-one.
JOB (L.s.) RIDER.

page_text: AND BE IT. REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of January, in the
year of our.Lord. 1821,..the aforesaid Job. Rider. came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped.according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that
purpose.
T