OR IMPROVED MODES OF AND MEANS AND MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VATS, GAS HOLDERS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the-
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "New OR IMPROVED MODES
OF AND MEANS AND MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VATS, GAS HOLDERS,
AND OTHER VESSELS."-A communication from abroad by Egmond
Julius Erichsen, Merchant and Manufacturer, and Samuel Edwards,
Chief Engineer to the Danish-English Gas Company, both of
Copenhagen, Denmark.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at th.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1874.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MODES OF AND MEANS AND MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VATS, GAS
HOLDERS, AND OTHER VESSELS," (a communication to me from abroad by
Egmond Julius Erichsen, Merchant and Manufacturer, and Samuel

page_text: Edwards, Chief Engineer to the Danish-English Gas Company, both of
Copenhagen, Denmark), to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is the production of vats, gas holders, and
other cisterns or vessels for manufacturing and storing, and other purposes
in a stronger and better way than has heretofore been done, and so as in
some cases to resist the influence of ammonia, acids, or other materials
kept or stored in such vessels. For this purpose the vessels are built or
composed of a material such as artificial stone produced from artificial
material, of artificial sandstone that has or may be produced by artificial
means in combination or connection with chemical appliances or
mixtures, or if not destined to resist the influence of acids or other
deleterious materials they may be of cement alone, or of concrete or
fire-clay glazed or not glazed or other like materials. The material is
formed in blocks which are joined by means of dovetails cemented
together, or in some cases the vessel is made in one solid piece, or the
blocks may be perforated.
In order to resist the internal pressure the vessels are hooped or they
may in some cases be built or sunk into clay, concrete, or other materials
and in such cases they may be formed with dovetail shaped or other ribs
externally, all of which will be more particularly and fully described in
the Specification of this Invention.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Peter
Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER 2
JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty- a
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special licence that
I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, adminis

page_text: trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MODES OF AND
MEANS AND MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VATS, GAS HOLDERS, AND
OTHER VESSELS," (a communication to me from abroad by Egmond Julius
Erichsen, Merchant and Manufacturer, and Samuel Edwards, Chief
Engineer to the Danish-English Gas Company, both of Copenhagen,
Denmark), upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter
Jensen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal. Patent Office on or before the Seventeenth day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is the production of vats, gas holder, and
other cisterns or vessels for manufacturing and storing, and other
purposes in a stronger and better way than has heretofore been done,
and so as in some cases to resist the influence of ammonia or other
solutions or materials kept or stored in such vessels. For this purpose
the vessels are built or composed of a material such as artificial stone
produced from artificial material, of artificial sandstone that has or may
be produced by artificial means in combination or connection with
chemical appliances or mixtures, or they may be of cement alone or of
concrete or fire-clay glazed or not glazed or other like materials all as.
hereafter described. The material is formed in blocks which are joined
by means of tennons, dowels, feather and groove, or dovetails cemented':
together, or in some cases the vessel is made in one solid piece.
In order to resist the internal pressure the vessels are hooped, or they
may in some cases be built or sunk into clay, concrete, or other
materials, and in such cases they may be formed with dovetail shaped
or other ribs externally.

page_text: And in order that this Invention be more fully understood I will
now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying
Drawings which illustrate some modes of carrying the Invention into
effect.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, shew three different modes of junction for the parts
of gas holder, tanks, vats, and other vessels, constructed according to
this Invention; Fig. 1 shewing an ordinary dovetail joint; Fig. 2, a
feather and groove joint; and Fig. 3, a halved joint.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation, and Fig. 5 plan of a vessel constructed of
two rings, each consisting of three segments and held together by
metallic hoops a and b, as shewn; the bottom consists here of three pieces
joined by feather and groove joint; the rings have round or oval holes c
in top and bottom, the holes c are larger than the corresponding dowels
so as to permit of an easy fit and of the introduction of hydraulic or
other cement for making a tight joint; cement is also used in all the
other places where the parts abut or fit against one another; or an
annular recess may be left in top and bottom of each ring or course, and
a ring feather cemented into the recesses of twoa djoining courses forms
the joint. The vessel may of course be made up to three or more
courses or to any desired height.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a vessel constructed in a somewhat
different manner inasmuch as the rings are formed with feather and
groove at bottom and top respectively so as to form strong and tight
joints by the aid of cement, the hoops a, a, and b hold the vessel and its
bottom firmly together.
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of a smaller vessel consisting of sides in
one piece, and bottom in one piece requiring no hooping.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a larger but shallow vessel in which
the sides may be of two or more parts joined as before but held firmly
in the ring space formed on the bottom, cement being put in while the
sides are firmly held together by one or more hoops, which hoops can be
removed when the cement has set.
In some cases vessels made according to this Invention, especially
when of large dimensions, such as gas holder tanks, may be built into or
sunk more or less into or surrounded with clay, concrete, or other
materials.

page_text: Fig. 9 shews such a vessel consisting, firstly, of the inner stone
ring d, d, joined as shewn or in any other convenient manner; secondly,
of a concrete layer e; and, thirdly, outside of this a clay or earth layer ƒ.
The stone ring segment may, for the sake of strength and for the better
uniting of the ring with the concrete, be formed with dovetail shaped or
other ribs gas shewn. Each course of ring segments is connected to
the adjoining course by means of feather and groove or by dowel pins,
as described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
Ine stone ring segment may, for the Sant of strengun for the better
uniting of the ring with the concrete, be formed with dovetail shaped or
other ribs g as shewn. Each course of ring segments is connected to
the adjoining course by means of feather and groove or by dowel pins,
as described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
Fig. 10 shews another mode of applying ribs to the rings.
And having now described the nature of this Invention, and some
modes of carrying the same into effect, I declare that I claim as of the
Invention,-
First. The application of impervious stone materials capable of being
moulded or rendered in moulds or forms to the construction of self-
contained vessels, tanks, or cisterns, substantially as set forth.
Second. The construction of vessels, tanks, or cisterns consisting of
impervious stone material capable of being moulded or rendered in
moulds or forms in combination with material such as concrete, clay,
or earth, all substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.