IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES PROVISIONAL SPECIATION ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Heinson Huch, of Brunswick, Wolfenbüttel
Street No. 16, and Francis Joseph Windhausen, of Brunswick,
Frankfurt Street No. 3, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Heinson Huch
and Francis Joseph Windhausen at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd April 1866.
We, EDWARD HBINSON HUCH, of Brunswick, Wolfenbüttel Street No. 16,
and FRANCIS JOSEPH WINDHAUSEN, of Brunswick, Frankfurt Street No. 3,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in engines worked by steam
or other fluid. For these purposes in constructing an engine a cylinder is
used similar to those employed in steam and other engines. This cylinder is
mounted on axes or necks, one on each side, one of which is hollow and has
steamways through communicating with the steam passages leading to the
two ends of the cylinder, and communicating also with a steam [pipe from a

page_text: boiler. The steam valve or valves used are arranged to cut off at any part of the
stroke in order to employ the steam expansively to any desired extent. Interior
of the cylinder is a heavy piston without any piston rod. The cylinder is
supported in a frame, and is free to rotate with its axes in suitable bearings,
and the steam is arranged to be let into the cylinder under the heavy piston
when it is at the end of the cylinder, which for the time is at the lowest
position. The introduction of steam raises the heavy piston to the other end
of the cylinder, which is for the time at the highest position, when the weight
will by its gravity, and the cylinder being slightly inclined, cause that part of
the cylinder which was uppermost to descend to the lower position, when the
steam will escape from the cylinder 'to a condenser or otherwise, and the
weighted piston will be again raised in the cylinder by a fresh supply of steam
into the end of the cylinder, which is for the time in the lowest position. In
place of employing a weighted piston within the cylinder having no piston rod
a like effect may be obtained by having a light piston within the cylinder
with a piston rod passing through stuffing boxes through the two end covers
of the cylinder, and by applying a weight to each end of the piston rod, when
that weight which is uppermost and at a distance from its cover of the
cylinder will predominate over the other weight, which is for the time the
lower weight, and near its end cover of the cylinder. In place of using
steam the engine may be worked by other fluid, and if water be employed for
working the engine the same will become a water meter, and by applying
counting apparatus for recording the number of rotations of the cylinder (the
cubic capacity thereof being known) the quantity of water passing through
the cylinder will be ascertained, whilst the water supplied to any premises
will thus be the means of affording a power for any purpose for which it may
be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HEINSON HUCH, of Brunswick, Wolfenbüttel Street No. 16, and
FRANCIS JOSEPH WINDHAUSEN, of Brunswick, Frankfurt Street No.: 3, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen,. Her
'special licence that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph
Windhausen, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUID," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph
Windhausen, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their, or one of their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis
Joseph Windhausen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in engines worked by steam.
or other fluid. For these purposes in constructing an engine a cylinder is
used similar to those employed in steam and other engines. This cylinder is
mounted on axes or necks, one on each side, one of which is hollow and bas
steam ways through, communicating with the steam passages leading to the
two ends of the cylinder, and communicating also with a steam pipe from a
boiler. The steam valve or valves used are arranged to cut off at any part of
the stroke in order to employ the steam expansively to any desired, extent.
Interior of the cylinder is a heavy piston without any piston rod. The cylinder
is supported in a frame and is free to rotate 'with its axes in suitable bearings,
and the steam is arranged to be let into the cylinder under the heavy piston
when it is at the end of the cylinder which for the time is at the lowest
position. The introduction of steam raises the heavy piston to the other end
of the cylinder, which is for the time at the highest position, when the weight

page_text: will by its gravity, and the cylinder being slightly inclined, cause that part of
the cylinder which was uppermost to descend to the lower position, when the
steam will escape from the cylinder to a condenser or otherwise, and the
weighted piston will be again raised in the cylinder by a fresh supply of steam
into the end of the cylinder which is for the time in the lowest position. In
place of employing a weighted piston within the cylinder having no piston rod
.a like effect may be obtained by having a light piston within the cylinder with
a piston rod passing through stuffing boxes through the two end covers, of
the cylinder, and by applying a weight to each end of the piston rod, when
that weight which is uppermost and at a distance from its cover of the cylinder
will predominate over the other weight, which is for the time the lower weight
and near its end cover of the cylinder. In place of using steam the engine
may be worked by other fluid, and if water be employed for working the
engine the same will become a water meter, and by applying counting appa-
ratus for recording the number of rotations of the cylinder (the cubic capacity
thereof being known) the quantity of water passing through the cylinder will be
ascertained, whilst the water supplied to any premises will thus be the means
of affording a power for any purpose for which, it may be required..
Figure 1 represents a vertical section through the axis. of the, cylinder A,
which is provided with two pivots A' and A³, by which it rests in the plumber
blocks, and is free to rotate. Two steamways J and K are provided on this
cylinder similar as on common steam engine cylinder, and conduct the steam
from one of the pivots A', in the circumference of which they begin diametrical
opposite to each other in the cylinder, as may be seen in Figures 1 and 2.
The ring L has a slot III. which corresponds with the mouths I. and. II. of
the steam ways, and the steam or other fluid enters from the pipe. M, N, in
the cylinder under the piston P. Opposite to the slot, III, is likewise in the
ring L another slot 6, which corresponds with the waste pipe O, and through
it the steam or other fluid passes into the open air, or into the condenser, or
otherwise. The ring L is in connection with, the lever L₁, and can be turned
by it in such position that the mouth III. communicates with the slot. IV.
and V., or that it can be closed by the slide m.
Function of the machine. The piston sinks as soon as the machine is at
rest, and places the cylinder in a vertical position. The steamway I. is now in
communication with the duct III. The steam or fluid coming from pipe N
raises the piston P to the upper part of the cylinder, and as. soon as the
cylinder is turned out of its vertical position in the direction. 1, the equilibrium
is no longer sustained, and rotation begins as soon as the channel II. at any
time of the rotation comes in communication with duct III. the piston will. Le

page_text: '
:
raised again and the rotation is sustained. The piston rises during one
rotation twice from the one end of the piston to the other end, and moves
upon a curve a, b, c, from which fact it is clear that the work done during one
rotation is L=21P, where is the length of the stroke, P the pressure on
the piston. The channels I., II., III. are of such dimensions that the steain
with full pressure is only admitted during the whole time the piston rises
from the lowest to the highest position when the rotation is slow, whereby
an expansion of the steam is obtained whenever the velocity in the rotation
becomes too high, and the degree of expansion increases with the increase of
the velocity of the rotation. The expansión is materially increased by the
fact that in the beginning of the stroke the weight P, together, with the
pressure of the centrifugal power, is to be lifted, and at the end of the stroke
only the weight P of the piston, less the pressure of the centrifugal power,
has to be overcome, where by it is practicable to expand the steam far below
the pressure of the atmosphere. Purposely to make use of this bigh degree
of expansion a valve O¹ is introduced in the waste pipe 0 (Figures 1 and 7),
which does not open before the pressure of the steam or other fluid has
become larger than the pressure in the pipe O.
.
To avoid the piston touching either end cover of the cylinder with a blow
able to injure the quiet working of the machine, the following provisions
have been made.
1st, the end covers of the cylinder are provided with two cylindrical
chambers a.and a¹, Figure 1, in which the shoulders p and p of the piston
fit air-tight; and by the compression of the steam or other fluid find such
elastic resistance as to avoid contact of the piston and the cylinder lid.
Purposely to admit steam or other fluid in the chambers a and a¹, valves a³
and a³ are provided, which open and close as soon as the pressure in the
chambers a and a¹ becomes smaller or larger than the pressure of the new
steam or other fluid.
2. An apparatus for measuring the exact quantity of steam which is wanted
for lifting the piston for one stroke is introduced in the steam pipe N."
Figure 1 represents it in a vertical section. N and N' are two cylinders,
which may be cast in one piece and connected by the channel Nº. Within N
is a piston n, the piston rod of which goes through a stuffing box in vertical
position towards the plane in which the cylinder A rotates. The length of
the piston rod is such that the cylinder A during the time the steam or other'
fluid is introduced in it keeps the small piston n in position I. as shown in
Figure 1, and the cylinder N by its channel N is in communication with the.
steamways: In this manner no steam or other fluid is allowed to enter, and

page_text: only that part which is contained in the spaces connected; by the channel N
expands and lifts the piston P. Purposely to accommodate the space of N¹
nccording to the pressure and the required work a piston with the
cylinder N¹ is used in the way shewn in Figure 1, which by the driver or by
a governor may be shifted forward or backward with the aid of a screw n³.
As soon as the cylinder A is sufficiently moved out of the vertical position the
piston rod of the small piston n is set free, and by the pressure of the steam
or other fluid in the pipe N is driven out and the piston takes its position in
II., as shewn in 1. The steam or other fluid is now admitted in the
cylinder N¹ through the channel N from the pipe N, and it is clear that in
every rotation the piston n is shifted twice in the position I. and II. to
measure the steam for every stroke of the piston P in the cylinder A. For the
purpose of reversing the machine it is necessary to bring the slot III. in the
ring L in contact with the channel V., as shewn in Figure 2, and the engine
runs in the direction of arrow 2. The engine is stopped as soon as the slide m
is brought over the channel III.
.
Regulation of speed.-The machine is to a high degree its own governor.
As soon as the speed is too high the centrifugal power of the piston P is
augmented and the time during which the steamways are open is shortened,
consequently the piston P is not lifted high enough and with less velocity, by
which the power is diminished and the speed lessened. As soon as the speed
is too low the centrifugal power of the piston P is lessened and the time
during which the steam ways are opened is increased, consequently the piston
receives more steam, is lifted higher and with greater velocity, the power
becomes augmented and the speed quicker.
Engine with short cylinder.-The engine represented at Figure 1 is pro-
vided with a heavy piston, but in very large engines the piston would become
so Jarge that it becomes impracticable, and for this we provide the necessary,
weight of the piston outside the cylinder. The construction of this kind of
engines is shewn in Figures 6 and 7. In vertical section parallel to the plan
of rotation in Figures 6, and Figure 7 represents a vertical section through
axis. The weight is formed by a frame P connected on both ends with the
piston rod which goes through the cylinder lid. On both ends two plates P
are provided which rest upon two elastic rests Ps. The frame P being
moveable in the direction of the piston rod is lifted by it the same way as the
piston itself. Two guides are provided on the cylinder to secure the frame P
and to diminish the friction in the stuffing boxes. The weight P is sometimes
formed by a heavy ring in which the piston rod forms a diameter, and if this
is used the guides on the side of the cylinder are dispensed with. It is easily.

page_text: to be seen that both cylinder and piston can be made very light, and both can
be made shorter, as in the engine represented in Figure 1. To provide the
cylinder with sufficient steam for its maximum work, and to avoid too much
steam from entering underneath the piston a valve V is provided in the mouth?
of the pipe N, which can be closed and opened by the levers V', V³, V³, in:
the manner shewn in Figure 7. The lever V is placed in such a position.
towards the plane of rotation that as soon as the frame P, which is provided
with the collar P³, rises to the required height it lifts the lever V³, and by this:
closes the valve V in the pipe N. The collar Ps is in the direction of the
rotation of such a length that the lever V³ is kept up during the rotation such
length of time as the channel III. (Figure 2) in the ring L is still in com-
mmunication with the channel I. and II., by which means the quantity of
steam can be measured, and by making the lever to shift a variable expansion.
may be obtained and the piston kept from coming in contact with the end
cover of the cylinder.
Figure 3 represents another construction to prevent the piston from coming>
in contact with the end cover of cylinder. From the steam pipe N. a
smaller pipe A is conducted to the centre of the axes of the cylinder A,
through which the steam enters. The steam (full pressure) comes through!
the centre of this axis in the channel a', which guides the steam towards the
ends of the cylinder, and the steam enters the covers of it at a³ and as, which
have the hollow chambers a and a₁, the bore of which may be little wider>
than the cylinder A to offer a seat for the small pistons as and a³, which are:
pushed upon their seats with the full pressure of steam. The piston rod;
serves to guide the piston a² and as whenever the heavy piston P. should
touch them and drive them towards the end covers of the cylinder. It is:
obvious. that the resistance of the piston P would have to be of such a
dimension as to overcome the work of the steam behind the piston a' and a
before the piston P would touch the cover of cylinder A. The points x and x,
of the frame describe in every rotation the course which is shewn in dotted'
lines. Provided a guide frame were constructed after this line it is clear that:
under that condition if the piston rod were provided with rollers to be guided.
on it, the possibility of the piston coming in contact with the cylinder covers >
would be avoided, and under some circumstances all construction for
same purpose may be dispensed with as far as the economical work of the
engine is not limited. If a column of water is used to rise the piston P. it
enters through the pipe N, and the channel III. under the piston alternately:
through the channels I. and II., whilst it flows out from over the piston

page_text: through the pipe O. The channels I., II., III. are then made of such
capacity to allow the whole cylinder to be filled. For each revolution it is
therefore necessary to fill the cylinder twice, and the quantity of water which
flows through the pipe O is therefore in each revolution the same, and the
machine can therefore be used not only, as a motor driven by water, but
likewise as a water meter. If, on the other side, this machine is driven by;
power and forced round and the waste pipe introduced in water or any other
fluid it will act as a pump and raise water or any other fluid to the height
which depends on the weight of the piston P.
What we claim as our Invention is,―
First, the combination of a heavy piston P, which is driven through a
cylinder A mounted on axes, with a velocity by which the centrifugal power.
is set free, and which we employ to expand steam or other fluid.
Second, the combination with the waste pipe O of a valve 0%, which
allows the expanded steam to escape as soon as it has the pressure which is,
contained in the waste pipe O, and not before this.
Third, in combination with the cylinder A and heavy piston P the safety:
valve a and a³, Figure 1, or valves in the end covers of the cylinder in com-.
bination with an extra steamway a' and a³, Figure 1, to prevent the piston
touching the lid of cylinder:
Fourth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted on
axes or separately by itself, the steam chamber N to measure steam for every
stroke, as described, to prevent waste of steam or the piston P from touching.
the lid of cylinder..
Fifth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted on
axes as described, the steamway or the steam pipes a, a, a, Figure 3, which
guide the full pressure steam separately from the common steamway to the.
end of the cylinder for the purpose set forth.
Sixth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axis the piston or pistons a³, a³, Figure 3, at the end of the cylinder to
receive the full pressure steam through the channels a, a, mentioned in claim
No. 5, or otherwise to act against the piston when overcharged with power
to prevent any danger or damage or the piston from touching the end covers,
of cylinder.
Seventh, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axis as described the piston rod in combination with a weight P, Figures 6.
and 7, attached as a frame, as described.
Eighth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted.

page_text: on axis as described the piston rod in combination with a weight attached as
a ring outside, as described..
Ninth, in combination with the outside weight P, Figures 6 and 7, attached
to the piston rod the heavy piston in combination with the cylinder mounted
on.axis.as described, a collar or plate or wedge P³ for the purpose of moving
a lever V to cut off steam or control the same, as described.
Tenth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A. mounted on
axis the piston n, Figure 1, which cuts off steam, allowing it to enter into the
expansion box N, as claimed under No. 4 claim.
Eleventh, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axis as described, the steam chambers a and a¹, Figure 1, in the end covers
of the cylinder for the purpose as set forth."
Twelfth, in, combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axis as described, a guide a and a for the ends of the piston rod in a
curved line a and a¹ as described, to prevent the piston from touching tho
end covers of cylinder for the purpose set forth.
Thirteenth, in combination with the heavy piston and cylinder mounted on
axis as described, a valve V, Figure 7, in the steam pipe N or steam channel,
to be worked by the cylinder in rotation to cut off steam as described.
Fourteenth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axis as described pieces of elastic materials P², Figure 6, in combination
with the end of piston rod, to prevent any damage whenever by some accident
the piston should come with too great a velocity to the end cover of cylinder
and diminish the strength of blow.
Fifteenth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axis as described a plate R, Figures 1, and 3, and 7, which is understood
from the Drawing in combination with that axis through which steam is
admitted, together with the ring L in which the steamway is cut to insure a
complete air-tight joint with the least friction.
Sixteenth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axes as described a steam pipe or steamway a' from the main pipe to
introduce full pressure steam into the centre or side of the axis through which
steam is introduced, to be guided to the end covers of cylinder to press small
pistons or piston towards the inside against the way of heavy piston to
prevent when necessary the heavy piston coming in contact with the end cover
of cylinder.
Seventeenth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A
mounted on axis as described a counter purposely to measure liquid.

page_text: Eighteenth, in combination with the heavy piston P and cylinder A mounted
on axes as described a suction pipe and discharge pipe purposely to pump
liquids.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis
Joseph Windhausen, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six.
E. HEINSON HUCH.
(LS.)
FRANCIS JOSEPH WINDHAUSEN. (L.S.)