IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Leonard Turney, of Addle Street, in the
City of London; Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOXES AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Leonard Turney
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th November 1872.
TO, GEORGE LEONARD TURNEY, of Addle Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of box applicable to the
packing of small wares for the market. The Invention is intended to
combine as far as possible the cheapness of a paper envelope with the
advantages of a box with sliding and self-securing lid, and thereby
giving access to the goods which it contains to allow of the withdrawal
of a specimen and permitting of the facile closing of the box. The

page_text: material of which I prefer to form the box is paper, as that may be
readily operated upon by the machine to be presently described.
In making boxes according to this Invention I use by preference two
qualities of paper, thick paper or pasteboard, which will constitute the
lining off the box and give to it the required stiffness, and thinner paper,
either plane or ornamental, glazed or unglazed, which will constitute the
exterior of the box. The lining paper I cut to a length sufficient to
form when folded the top, bottom, and sides, and allow for a lap of the
folded over edges, and of a width equal to the length of the box, with a
projection at the side to form one end thereof. The covering paper I
cut to a corresponding length, but of a width suitable for folding in to
form the ends of the box, notching out a portion at one side corresponding
to the lateral projecting piece of the lining paper. The lining paper I
attach at one end (by paste or otherwise) to the inner face of the covering
paper, and before submitting the paper thus prepared to the creasing
and folding machine I cut out an oval or other shaped hole through both
thicknesses of paper at the part corresponding to the top of the box.
The blanks thus prepared I feed singly into the machine, which I will
now describe. Through the fixed table of the machine a rectangular
opening is made corresponding in size to the length and breadth of the
boxes to be manufactured. In this opening (which may be called the
creasing box) fits a rectangular piston, the stem of which is embraced
by the forked termination of a cranked horizontal lever at its opposite
ends. This lever by the action of a cam is caused to raise and depress
the piston. On either side of this opening is mounted so as to slide
freely on the table a forked plate carrying a thin metal blade. By means
of a pair of cams and rock shafts these plates are caused to advance
simultaneously, and they are drawn back by means of coiled springs or
their equivalent. Above the creasing box is mounted a plunger which
is raised and depressed by means of a double action cam and a tension
spring, which act upon a lever connected with the plunger. The face of
this plunger is ribbed or flanged at its ends, and its use is first to force
down the paper blank into the creasing box, and after the paper has
been folded over to fold in the ends of the box. The paper blank is
supplied to the machine with a loose former laid upon it, and the plunger a
in its descent will force down the former (the thickness of which will
equal the depth of the box required to be made), together with the
paper, into the creasing box. This will cause the creasing of the paper

page_text: and the formation of the angles of the face of the box.
The plunger will
then rise to allow the advance of the sliding plates, which will then lap
the paper over the former and retire. The plunger will then descend
again and complete the folding of the box On its rising the piston
will rise and force up the now formed box (together witlí the former)
out of the creasing box. It only now remains to remove the block or
former from the box and to secure the folded parts of the box by gum
or otherwise.
'
and the formation of the angles of the face of the box.
The plunger will
then rise to allow the advance of the sliding plates, which will then lap
the paper over the former and retire. The plunger will then descend
again and complete the folding of the box On its rising the piston
will rise and force up the now formed box (together with the former)
out of the creasing box. It only now remains to remove the block or
former from the box and to secure the folded parts of the box by gum
or otherwise.
The gumming may, as in the manufacture of envelopes, be effected
either by the machine or by hand.
'
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Leonard Turney in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
LEONARD TURNEY, of Addle Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Leonard Turney, Her
special licence that I, the said George Leonard Turney, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Leonard
Turney, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Leonard
Turney, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
دو
1
'

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Leonard Turney, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel construction of box applicable
to the packing of small wares for the market. The Invention is intended
to combine as far as possible the cheapness of a paper envelope with the
advantages of a box with sliding and self-securing lid, and thereby
giving access to the goods which it contains to allow of the withdrawal
of a specimen and permitting of the facile closing of the box. The
material of which I prefer to form the box is paper as that may be
readily operated upon by the machine forming the second head of my
Invention.
In making boxes according to the first head of my Invention I use by
preference two qualities of paper, thick paper or pasteboard, which will
constitute the lining of the box and give to it the required stiffness, and
thinner covering paper, either plain or ornamental, glazed or unglazed,
which will constitute the exterior of the box. The lining paper I cut
to a length sufficient to form when folded the top, bottom, and sides,
and allow for a lap of the folded over edges, and of a width equal to the
length of the box, with a projection at the side, made by attaching
thereto a piece of covering paper to form one end of the box. The
covering paper I cut to a somewhat greater length, and of a width
suitable for folding in to form the ends of the box, notching out a portion
at one side corresponding to the lateral projecting piece attached to the
lining paper. The lining paper I secure at one end (by paste or other-
wise) to the inner face of the covering paper, and before submitting the
paper thus prepared to the creasing and folding machine I cut out an
oval or other shaped hole through both thicknesses of paper at the part
corresponding to the top of the box. The blanks thus prepared I feed
singly into the machine to be presently described, whereby they are

page_text: converted into boxes suitable for receiving a snag na wien closes the
aperture stamped in the blank.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews the blank laid out flat
with the lines of creases indicated by dots. a is the lining paper, and b
the paper forming the covering of the box.
Fig. 2 shews the completed box in plan view, the cover c being
partially drawn out to give access through the opening d to the contents
of the box.
Fig. 3 is a side view, and Fig. 4 an end view of the box. The sliding
cover c passes between the lining a and the plain or ornamental covering,
and it is furnished with a bent over piece c³, as well as a tape c², for
opening and closing the lid. This box may be made if desired by hand;
but I prefer to manufacture it by the aid of the machinery illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing, in describing the operation of which
machinery I shall have occasion to refer more particularly to the details
of construction of my improved box.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the creasing and folding machine. Fig. 6.
is a sectional elevation of the same taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 5; and
Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view taken in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 6. Figures
8, 9, and 10 are sections taken in the line 5, 6, of Fig. 7, and illustrating
the action of the creasing and folding instruments. A, A, is the creasing
table supported on the bed B of the machine. In this table a rectangular
opening is made corresponding in size to the length and breadth of the
boxes to be manufactured, and in this opening (which may be called the
creasing box) fits a rectangular piston C, the stem O¹ of which is
embraced by the forked termination of a horizontal rock shaft C³, which
is cranked at its opposite ends. A spring C³ made fast to the bed of the
machine presses on the bottom of the stem C¹ and serves to maintain
On either side of the rec-
the piston in the position shewn at Fig. 6.
tangular opening in the table A is mounted a pair of slides D, D¹;
carrying thin steel blades D*, which are intended to act as folders. The
slides D embrace guides A¹ made fast to the table to retain the slides in
position. They are overlapped by transverse stop plates A, which are
also made fast to the table. Standing up from the face of the rectangular
piston is a projection which serves as a guide for the insertion of the
blank in the machine. The stop plates A³ also serve the same purpose.
This projection is however intended mainly to receive the hollow metal

page_text: former E which is shewn detached at Figures 11. The thickness of this
former corresponds with the depth required for the box, and its shape in
plan corresponds with the opening made in the table, but its size is
somewhat reduced to allow of the folded paper passing down with it into
the creasing box.
Above the creasing box is mounted a pressing plate F, which is ribbed
on its face (see Fig. 5), and is intended to force down the paper blank
into the creasing box and after the paper has been folded over to fold in
the ends of the box. The plate F is connected by a pendent link to a
rock lever F¹, the fulcrum of which is carried by a standard G made fast
to the bed of the machine. The plate F is fitted with a guide rod F³,
which works in fixed guides and serves to maintain the parallelism of
the plate F. The rock lever F¹ carries at its rear end a bowle which by
means of a tension spring F³ is held in contact with a double action
cam H keyed to a cam shaft I. This cam H is provided with two pro-
jections, one of which marked * is intended so to rock the lever F" as to
give a momentary depression to the pressing plate F. The projection **
when it comes round to the bowle of the rock lever F" will depress the
plate F and retain it in its depressed position for nearly a quarter of its
rotation with the cam shaft. The object of these movements of the
pressing plate will be presently more particularly referred to.
In order to give motion to the slides D, D¹, they are connected by
springs to their respective rock shafts K, K', which shafts are formed
with crank arms at their opposite ends, as shewn best at Fig. 5. The
crank arms which are elastically connected with the slides carry
adjustable tappets, which are intended to strike the slides and thrust
them forward so that their blades may fold the paper blank over the
former E, and the crank arms at the opposite ends of the shafts K, K¹,
are fitted with bowles which are acted upon by cams L, I, to rock the
shafts in their bearing. The bowles of these crank arms are held in 3
contact with their respective cams by means of the springs L*, Fig. 6,
and as the cam projections come into action the shafts K, K', will be
rocked in their bearings. On the shaft I is mounted a cam M, which
acts upon a bowle carried by cranked arms at the rear end of the rock
shaft C³. The rotation of this cam serves to depress the piston C, and 3
with it the former E, and to retain the same in the depressed position
while the folding of the blank is being effected. The cam shaft I is
worked by a winch handle N, and as all the cams are on this shaft it

page_text: will be readily understood that when they are once properly set relatively
to each other they will so act as properly to time the operations of the
creasing and folding instruments.
*
Supposing the machine to be in the position shewn at Figures 5, 6,
and 7, that is, with the plunger raised above the creasing box and a
paper blank to be placed in the machine and overlaid by the former E,
as shown at Figures 6 and 7, the attendant will by turning the winch
handle bring the part of the cam H into action and cause it to give
the plate Fa momentary depression, and thereby force down the former
into the creasing box, the piston C being at the time free to yield to
the pressure of the plate F. This depression of the former will cause
the ends and edges of the blank to turn upwards as indicated at Fig. 8,
and the plate F instantly rising the folders D, D', will be ready to come
into action. Before however this takes place it will be necessary to
secure the piston C in the position which it has taken. This is effected
by the cam M coming into action and depressing the bowle of the rock
shaft C. The forked end of this rock shaft will thus hold down the
piston against the upward pressure of the spring C³, and retain it in that
position until the folding is completed. As the cam L is set in advance
of the cam L' the shaft K will be first rocked and caused to thrust
forward the slide D, the blade of which striking against the upraised
paper will turn it over and lay it flat upon the former. This being done
the slide will instantly return to its former position, as shewn at Fig. 9,
and the slide D' advancing (under the action of the cam L and the rock
shaft K') will strike upon the upraised paper at the opposite side of the
creasing box and fold it down flat upon the former. As this slide retires
the part of the cam H will come into action, and the plate F will be
again depressed, as shewn at Fig. 10, to complete the folding of the blank.
The projections on the under face of the plate will now crease and fold
down the overlapping end pieces of the box, and the piston being at this
time free from the depressing action of the cam M the folded blank will
be compressed between the two pressing surfaces. As the plate F rises
the piston will rise again to the position shewn at Fig. 6, and will throw
up the folded blank out of the creasing box, and the blank with the
former contained therein being removed from the machine the above
described folding and creasing operations may be repeated on a fresh
blank. It only now remains to remove the block or former E from the
paper box and to secure the folded parts of the box by gum or otherwise.

page_text: The gumming may as in the manufacture of envelopes be effected by
hand. The box is now ready to receive the sliding lid c of pasteboard
or other material for closing the oval or other opening cut out of the
paper, it being inserted as before explained between the lining and the
covering, which together form a suitable open ended guide for its
reception.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in Boxes and in Machinery for Manufacturing the same," and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood
that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,―
First. The novel construction of box above described.
POMOCI COLS COIL OF DUX above describeu.
And, secondly. The arrangement of machinery above described for
creasing and folding the blanks of my improved box.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Leonard Turney, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, the Seventh day of May, in the 1
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.