Improved Apparatus for Subjecting Textile Materials to the Action of Fluids for Washing, Dyeing, Bleaching, and other Processes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improved Apparatus for Subjecting Textile Materials to the Action
of Fluids for Washing, Dyeing, Bleaching, and other Processes.
"
I, CARL AUGUST GOTTLIEB SOHMIDT of Langensalza Prussia Director of a
Manufactory do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
My invention relates to an improved apparatus for subjecting textile materials to
the action of fluids in the operations of washing, carbonising, ungumming, bleaching
bluing, dyeing, rincing, sizing, sleeking, impregnating with dressing material, oiling,
unoiling, and drying.
The construction of the said apparatus is shewn on the accompanying drawing.
The essential feature of the apparatus consists in the use of a cylinder A serving to
receive the textile material to be treated, which is open at top, with closed cylindrical
sides and has a bottom of wire gauze, woven brass wire with meshes the size of which
depends upon the material to be treated, or of other perforated or easily permeable
material. Below the bottom of this vessel is a vane-wheel F which together with the
cylinder A is contained in a vat or tank B.
The apparatus is put into operation by the rotation of the vane-wheel F. The textile
material to be treated is first introduced into the cylinder A, after which the vat is
filled with the liquid with which it is to be treated.
The action upon the textile material only commences when the vane-wheel F is set
in motion. Upon this being effected, a minimum pressure is established the centre of
the wheel and a maximum pressure at the circumference thereof, whereby an exhaust.
is produced beneath the perforated or permeable bottom of the cylinder A, causing a
downward sucking action to be exercised upon the liquid contained in the cylinder, so
that such liquid is forced downward through the textile material by the pressure of the.
ID 11

page_text: atmosphere above, and issues through the perforated bottom, passing into the centre of
the wheel F whence it is propelled by the centrifugal action to the circumference and
thence upward in the annular space between the cylinder A and the vat B. Arrived
at the top, the liquid flows over into the cylinder A again, in order to be again forced
down through the textile material by the atmospheric pressure, and so on, thus
producing a continuous circulation of the liquid through the material.
If the top of the cylinder A is closed by any suitable means so as to prevent the
further ingress of liquid, the liquid with which the material is saturated can be drawn
off by the exhausting action of the vane-wheel, and the textile material may thus be
dried more or less. This latter operation can be completed by uncovering the cylinder
again and causing warm air to be drawn through the material by the vane-wheel.
The closed cover may for this purpose be replaced by one that will allow the air to
pass through.
In the arrangement shewn in vertical section and plan at Figs. 1 and 2, a single
cylinder A charged with textile material is contained in the vat B; in the arrangement
shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, six-cylinder A¹ to A are arranged in the vat B, all being
operated by the single vane wheel F; instead of six, any other number of cylinders
may be employed. The cylinders A may either have a single perforated or permeable
bottom, or they may have more than one, as at Fig. 5, they may either be fixed in the
vats, or be removeable therefrom, and they may be provided with covers of wire gauze,
grids, or of woven brass wire with square meshes. In order to prevent the splashing
or spilling of the liquid, and to guide this into the cylinder A as it rises in the annular
space, the vat B is by preference formed with its upper edge rounded over, as at E
Figs. 1 and 3, and funnels G, Fig. 3, may be arranged centrally over the cylinders.
In the arrangement shewn at Fig. 3 the central and peripheral spaces R between the
cylinders A are completely closed in by covers at the top, and at the sides by the
contact between the cylinders, so that the liquid cannot penetrate into such spaces, this
arrangement being necessary for enabling the exhaust below the cylinders to be
produced.
The rounding of the top of the vat and the funnels G are not actually necessary
and may be replaced by other devices for the same purpose.
The sectional form of the cylinders A and vats B may also be varied; thus they
may be square or polygonal instead of round.
The vane wheel F may have its vanes either of a convex or a concave form, or they
may be straight and radial.
2
The wheel may either be driven from above as at Fig. 1, or from below, as at Fig. 3,
or it might be driven from the side..
The introduction of the liquid for treating the textile materials may be conveniently
effected through a lateral pipe C which is connected at D to the bottom of the vat.
With this arrangement an energetic stirring and mixing of the inflowing liquid is
effected by the vane wheel F.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An apparatus for washing, dyeing, or otherwise treating textile materials with
fluids wherein one or more cylindrical or otherwise shaped receptacles A, contained in
a vat B charged with fluid, has or have a perforated or permeable bottom beneath
which a vane wheel F is made to revolve, whereby a continuous circulation of the
fluid through the textile material is effected, substantially as herein decribed.
2. In apparatus such as is referred to in the preceding claim, constructing the vat B
with an inwardly rounded upper edge, and providing funnels G over the receptacles A
in order to prevent the splashing over of the liquid, and to lead the same into the
receptacles.
3. In apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim, providing the tops of the
receptacles for the textile material with tightly fitting covers for the purpose of draining
off the liquid from the material by the exhausting action of the vane-wheel in order

page_text: afterwards, on opening the receptacle again, or on replacing the said covers by perme-
able ones, to draw warm air through the materials by means of the vane wheel for the
purpose of drying them, substantially as herein described.
4. In apparatus such as is referred to in the first claim, effecting the introduction of
the liquid with which the textile materials are to be treated, through a pipe Cat the
side of the vat B and communicating with the bottom thereof at D, whereby an
energetic mixing of the entering liquid is effected by the revolving vane wheel
substantially as herein described.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.