CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Czugajewicz, of Paris, in the French Empire,
Professor, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES."
Sealed the 6th July 1860, and dated the 9th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Czugajewicz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th.
January 1860.
I, PIERRE CZUGAJEWICZ, of Paris, in the French Empire, Professor, do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEREOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a compound stereoscope in which general or
panoramic views of boulevards, streets, the banks of rivers, and coast lines,
monuments, sea views, may be displayed by means of the gradual unrolling of
one or more endless slides or bands carrying pictures. It is immaterial
whether the pictures represent one side of a street, boulevard, or whether they
are in perspective, and represent both sides thereof. The distinctive feature
of this Invention being the adaptation to stereoscepes of one or more
symmetrical independent moveable endless bands, on which are right and

page_text: left-handed halves or corresponding parts of a stereoscopic panorama or
succession of pictures. The following is the construction of the aforesaid
improved stereoscope. The top thereof consists, as usual, of two lenses or eye
glasses, and the bottom thereof is mounted on a box containing rollers, on
which are wound the before-mentioned endless slides or bands, on which are
printed, pasted, or otherwise appropriately attached the views or pictures in
panoramic succession, also a train of wheel work for setting the aforesaid bands
in motion. The aforesaid bands and corresponding parts of the pictures
thereon, are brought under their respective eye glasses upon a flat stage or
platform over which the bands pass, so that when set in motion a panoramic
stereoscopic view or picture is thus obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre Czugajewicz in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
CZUGAJEWICZ, of Paris, in the French Empire, Professor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Pierre Czugajewicz, Her special licence that I, the said Pierre
Czugajewicz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Pierre Czugajewicz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Pierre Czugajewicz, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Czugajewicz, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of a compound stereoscope, in which general or
panoramic views of boulevards, streets, the banks of rivers, and coast lines,
monuments, sea views, et cetera, may be displayed by means of the gradual
unrolling of one or more endless slides or bands carrying pictures. It is
immaterial whether the pictures represent one side of a street, boulevard, et
cetera, or whether they are in perspective, and represent both sides thereof.
The distinctive feature of this Invention being the adaptation to stereoscopes
of one or more symmetrical independent movable endless bands, on which are
right and left-hand halves or corresponding parts of a stereoscopic panorama
or succession of pictures. The following is the construction of the aforesaid
improved stereoscope:-The top thereof consists, as usual, of two lenses or eye
glasses, and the bottom thereof is mounted on a box containing rollers, on
which are wound the before-mentioned endless slides or bands, on which are
printed, pasted, or otherwise appropriately attached the views or pictures in
panoramic succession, also a train of wheelwork for setting the aforesaid bands
in motion. The aforesaid bands and corresponding parts of the pictures
thereon are brought under their respective eye glasses upon a flat stage or
platform over which the bands pass, so that when set in motion a panoramic
stereoscopic view or picture is thus obtained.
In order to explain this Invention as completely as possible, I now proceed
to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into
practical effect, reference being had to the illustrave Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference marked
thereon respectively as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal and vertical section of a stereoscope constructed
according to my said Invention; Figure 2, a horizontal section through the
line A, B, at Figure 1; Figure 3 is a modification of Figure 1 exhibited in
sectional elevation; Figure 4 exhibits a mechanical arrangement for inclining
the stereoscope at any desired angle. At each of the foregoing Figures I
employ similar letters of reference to denote corresponding parts in so far as
such parts appear or can be seen at each of such said Figures respectively.
At Figures 1 and 2 a is the head of the stereoscope made in the ordinary

page_text: manner, with two half lenses b, b. The head a is fixed upon a case d, at the
inside of which four rollers g, g', i, 'i, are mounted, so as to revolve; m, m, are
four small rollers mounted loosely on rods fixed by their ends into the case d;
f, f', are bands of any suitable material, on which are printed, or they may be
pasted or otherwise affixed thereto in separate pieces neatly joined and fitted
together; the ends of each of these bands I securely fix by any convenient
means to their respective rollers g, i, g', , first passing them over the rollers
m, m, and stretching them tightly, care being taken to so adjust the two bands
that similar parts of the picture on each coincide, as is well understood by
photographers. The advancement of the bands f, f', with their pictures is
effected by means of toothed wheels fixed upon the axes of the rollers g, g',
into which left-handed worms h, h, take or gear, said worms being fixed upon
a. rod e, supported by its ends in the case d, as at Figure 1. k is a handlò for
imparting motion to the rod e and parts connected therewith. It will appear
obvious that the unrolling of the bands from one roller will cause it to be
wound on to the other roller, and supposing the wheels and worms to be
properly made, each band will receive the same amount of movement. It will
be seen upon referring to Figure 2 that there is a similar arrangement of
wheels and worms to thoso just described at the opposite side of the case d,
the wheels in this case being fixed on the axes of the rollers i, ', and the
worms being formed right-handed. A reverse movement of the worms will
move the bands f, f", in an opposite direction.
Another mode of imparting motion to the aforesaid bands is exhibited at
Figure 3, and consists in connecting all the rollers together by wheels, as
exhibited. The middle wheel 7 being employed for imparting motion to the
other wheels by means of a winch handle n outside of the case d. In this
arrangement the bands pass over flat surfaces o, o, fixed as exhibited.
I now proceed to describe the arrangement exhibited at Figure 4, for
placing the stereoscope at any desired angle of inclination. For this purpose
I form the case d hinged, as at p, and to the opposite side I affix a flexible
piece q.
I also adapt a curved toothed rack r to each end of the case d, into
which pinions stake or gear, same being fixed on a rod t supported by its ends
in the lower part of the case d, and having a winch handle fitted on one or
both ends outside of said case. I would here observe, that in some cases I
propose to form the bands f, f', endless..
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Certain Improvements in Stereoscopes," together with the best
means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I

page_text: would remark in conclusion, that I do not intend to limit myself to the precise
details of construction above described and represented; and I hereby declare
my Invention to consist in, and I claim,-
First, the mode set forth, described, and represented, of arranging, disposing,
and displaying panoramic and other views or pictures.
And, secondly, the arrangement exhibited at Figure 4, for inclining the
upper part of the stereoscope as may be desired, and the adaptation thereof to
stereoscopes generally.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Czugajewicz, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
P. CZUGAJEWICZ. (L.S.)