IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS OR FOR CONDENSING ALCOHOLIC OR OTHER VAPOURS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Chenaillier, of Paris, France, Gentleman, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS
OR FOR CONDENSING ALCOHOLIC OR OTHER VAPOURS."
Sealed the 31st October 1862, and dated the 6th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Cheuaillier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 6th
May 1862.
I, PAUL CHENAILLIER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING
LIQUIDS OR FOR CONDENSING ALCOHOLIC OR OTHER VAPOURS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved apparatus for concentrating saccharine,
alkaline, acid, or other liquids, such, for instance, as decoctions of logwood, oak
bark, or others, whilst the apparatus may also be made serviceable for
condensing alcoholic or other condensable vapours.
The apparatus consists of a series of hollow discs of thin copper or other
suitable sheet metal fixed vertically and parallel to each other, or a hollow
arbor situated in a slightly slanting position, and turning in suitable bearings
above a trough containing the liquid to be concentrated, whilst steanı or
other suitable heating medium is allowed to enter at one end of the arbor

page_text: and circulate in the discs, which latter dip and revolve with part of their
surface in the liquid, the opposite end of the arbor is bent into a syphon-
form, and is partly filled with water. If required the apparatus may be
contained in a vessel in which a more or less perfect vacuum may be
established, and a series of tubes may be connected in a tangential manner
allow the steam or other heating
Or the above mentioned hollow
to the periphery of the discs so as to
medium to circulate also in these tubs.
arbor may be dispensed with, and the discs kept at a suitable distance apart,
and parallel to each other by bolting, or otherwise suitably fixing them to the
flanges of a series of short socket pipes so as to make the whole form a
continuous longitudinal hollow vessel, the ends of which form trunnions to
turn in suitable bearings above the trough in the liquid of which dips part
of the surface of the discs. Provision is made for causing the water resulting
from the condensation of the steam in the discs to be discharged from the
apparatus. If the apparatus is to serve for condensing alcoholic or other
condensable vapours, these latter are allowed to circulate in the discs, which
Intter are partly immersed in any suitable refrigerating medium contained in
the trough.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paul Chenaillier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
CHENAILLIER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Paul Chenaillier, ler special licence that I, the said Paul
Chenaillier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Paul Chenaillier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS OR FOR CONDENSING ALCOHOLIC OR
OTHER VAPOURS," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Paul

page_text: Chonaillier, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Chenaillier, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for concentrating by
evaporation saccharine, alkaline, acid, or other liquids, such, for instance, as
decoctions or extracts of log or other dye woods, of oak bark or other, the
concentration of solutions of sugar, salts, glue and other products, whilst the
said apparatus may also be made use of for condensing alcoholic or other
similar condensable vapours.
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 shows a front elevation view of an apparatus
constructed according to my improvements; Fig. 2 gives a perspective view of
a modification of the same; Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of one of the lentils
or bollow dises, and of the grooved or channelled arbor, by means of which
latter any condensation liquid is conducted out of the lentils or hollow dises,
of which latter Fig. 4 represents a cross sectional view, as also of one of the
flanch rings for connecting together the lentils. In these Figures corresponding
parts are marked by the same letters of reference.
The apparatus consists of a series of hollow lentils or hollow circular discs
of a lenticular shape A, each formed of two concave plates or shells a and a',
of sheet copper, galvanized sheet iron, or other suitable metal or material
according to the nature of the solution or liquid to be concentrated by evapora-
tion, but so as neither to be acted upon injuriously by this latter, or to impair
the quality of the solution or liquid to be treated. Both concave plates or
shells a and a', of each lentil are soldered together at their periphery, and
provided in the centre with a circular hole a², for an arbor B to be inserted
in, whilst round the inside of this hole a, a collar a³, is soldered for allowing
by means of rings C, provided with flanches c, and by means of the screw
bolts, to connect together vertically, or nearly so, and parallel to each other
any suitable number of lentils on the same arbor B, so as to have their centres
situated in the axial line of this arbor B, which latter is provided lengthwise
with four channels or grooves b, to act as gutters for conveying out of the
apparatus at one end of the arbor B, the condensation liquid formed in the

page_text: interior of the lentils, and raised by means of the scoop or scoops H, into the
said gutters or channels b at each revolution of the lentils, the rims d and d',
of each of the said gutters or channels 6 overlapping each other in the manner
as shewn in Fig. 3, by which means the liquid raised in the said gutters or
channels is prevented from running out of the same, except at one of the
ends of the arbor B, which latter might for this purpose be situated in a
slightly slanting position towards both ends. The arbor B revolves in suitable
bearings in standards E whilst the lentils A are partly immersed in the liquid
to be concentrated by evaporation, which liquid is contained in a suitable
basin or trough G fixed to the standards E, and by preference of a cylindrical
shape. Round the periphery of each lentil A are fixed at suitable distances
apart, a suitable number of buckets k, with the object of when the discs or
Jentils A are revolving alternately to dip in the liquid in the basin or trough
G, and afterwards cause their contents to trickle down along the outer surface
of the lentils. One end of the arbor B is connected by a pipe to a steam
boiler in case the lentils are to be heated by steam or to an air-heating
apparatus in case hot air is to serve as a heating medium for the lentils, which
steam or hot air is allowed to circulate by means of the gutters b in the inside
of the lentils A, the condensation water collecting in these latter being at each
revolution of them raised into the channels or gutters b, by means of one or
more scoops II fixed with one end to the inner periphery of each lentil and
opening with their opposite end in one of the gutters b. This condensation
water is conducted from the arbor B by a syphon or safety pipe L into a
hot-water reservoir; T, is a safety valve. It will be understood that by means
of this circulating of steam or of hot air in the interior of the lentils these latter
may be kept at any required degree of heat, and communicating this heat to
the liquid into which they are partly immersed and are made to revolve, thus
cause a suitable evaporation of this liquid to take place. In case it should be
wished still more to increase the evaporating action of the apparatus, and at
the same time cause the liquid to be properly stirred, a suitable number of
straight or suitably bent pipes I, may be fixed in a straight or in a slanting
direction round the outside of the lentils in the manner as represented in
Fig. 2, and made to communicate with the inside of the two end lentils which
Jatter in that case ought to be of a larger diameter than the remainder of the
lentils, the steam, hot air, or other heating medium is allowed to circulate
through the lentils A, and through these pipes I, which latter during the
revolving of the apparatus will effectually stir the liquid in the basin G; the
said tubes I are provided for the same purpose as has been said for the
lentils A with buckets k'. A suitable revolving motion is to be imparted to

page_text: the apparatus by any suitable arrangement and by any suitable prime mover;
thus, for instance, one of the ends of the arbor B may be provided with a
tooth wheel M, in gear with a pinion M', fixed on an arbor N provided with
loose and fast pulleys O and O', for transmitting by means of an endless strap
or belt P, the motion received from a steam engine or other suitable prime
mover. When saccharine juices or other solutions are to be treated on which
atmospheric air would act injuriously the entire apparatus viz., the lentils A,
tubes I, and basin or trough G, ought to be enclosed in an air-tight jacket or
vessel in which by any suitable means a more or less perfect vacuum may be
made so as to allow the evaporation to take place without the atmospheric air
coming in contact with the liquid to be concentrated, in about the same
manner as is performed in sugar baking in vacuo. It may also sometimes be
found useful to project in the liquid in the basin G, or on the lentils A, or
tubes I, jets of sulphurous or carbonic acid gas, or other suitable gas or vapour,
which gas or vapour may in that case be conveyed to the apparatus by means
of a pipe Q, and projected in the liquid in the trough G, or on the lentils A,
or tubes I by means of a pipe R, perforated with numerous small holes
directed towards the liquid in the basin or towards the lentils. When the
apparatus is to serve for condensing alcoholic or other condensable vapours,
these latter may be conveyed into the lentils, which latter are in that case
partly immersed in any suitable cooling or refrigerating medium contained in
the trough G.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be put into effect, I
wish it to be understood that I do not claim as my Invention the application
of a series of hollow revolving lentils or discs of sheet metal for heating liquids
or for cooling condensable vapours, but what I consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
1ly, the mode described of connecting together the hollow revolving lentils
allowing of readily disconnecting any one or more of them and replace them
by others, whilst the soldering, rivetting or brazing of the periphery of the
lentils may take place before connecting them together.
2ly, the arrangement of the channelled arbor B, for conveying out of the
apparatus the condensation water collecting in the lentils.
3ly, the combining in one and the same apparatus of the lentils A, and of
the series of tubes I.
4ly, providing the outside of the lentils A, and of the tubes 1, or of both,

page_text: with buckets for raising liquids from the trough G, and distribute the same
over the outer surface of the lentils A, or of the tubes I.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Chenaillier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Thirty-first of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
A. G. BRADE.
P. CHENAILLIER. (L.s.)