IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF DIMINISHING THE TRANSMISSION OF NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM THE HEELS TO THE BODIES OF VEHICLES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Brakell, of York Street Chambers,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF DIMINISHING THE TRANSMISSION
OF NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM THE HEELS TO THE BODIES OF VEHICLES.
Sealed the 11th December 1874, and dated the 24th June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Brakell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th June 1874..
I, CHRISTOPHER BRAKELL, of York Street Chambers, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF DIMINISHING THE TRANS-:
MISSION OF NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM THE WHEELS TO THE BODIES OF VEHICLES,".
to be as follows:-
The noise attending the movement of wheeled vehicles is increased
by the transmission of vibrations from the wheels to the bodies of the
vehicles, the latter in many cases acting like sounding boards of
musical instruments.

page_text: My Invention relates to means of deadening such vibration so as to
diminish noise and shake when the vehicle is in motion. For this
purpose I interpose between the axles and springs, or between the springs
and the body of the vehicle, a packing of caoutchouc or other elastic
material of like character, which has the effect of deadening jar and
damping vibration. I am aware that such packings have been already
used in the form of washers or lining pieces, but they have failed to
produce the desired effect because the parts between which the packings
have been interposed where not completely separated thereby, solid
connections between them having been maintained by bolts passing
through the washers or linings or otherwise.
Now according to my Invention I effect the interposition of the
deadening material in the following manner:-On the one part of the
vehicle, as for example the axle or axle box, I fix a box or case contain-
ing the deadening material, and to the other part of the vehicle, as for
example the spring, I attach pieces of metal which may be in the form
of bolts, with broad heads or of T ended brackets, the heads or ends of
which are inserted into the middle of the deadening material and
imbedded therein, so that there is no metallic connection between the
one part of the vehicle and the other, nor any contact of their solid
materials or connection between them except through the deadening
material, which is retained in its place and prevented from bulging or
changing its shape by the box or case in which it is enclosed. The
positions of this box containing the deadening material and of the bolts
or brackets may obviously be inverted, and in this manner either the
axles may be connected to the springs or the springs to the body of the
vehicle, or the body of the vehicle to the under framing, as may be most
suitable to the construction and arrangement of the parts.
Not only may the vertical pressure of the vehicle be transferred to
the wheels in the manner described above through deadening material,
but also lateral and longitudinal vibrations may be damped in like
manner. In railway carriages, for example, the body may be connected
to the framing sideways through damping boxes, and the draw bars and
buffer boxes may be attached in like manner to the carriage frame.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Christopher Brakell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHRIS-
TOPHER BRAKELL, of York Street Chambers, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Christopher Brakell, Her special
license that I, the said Christopher Brakell, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Christopher Brakell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF DIMINISHING THE TRANSMISSION OF NOISE AND
VIBRATION FROM THE WHEELS TO THE BODIES OF VEHICLES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Christopher Brakell, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christopher Brakell, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
The noise attending the movement of wheeled vehicles is increased by
0

page_text: vehicles, the latter in many cases acting like sounding boards of musical
instruments.
My Invention relates to means of deadening such vibrations so as to
diminish noise and shake when the vehicle is in motion. For this
purpose I interpose between the axles and springs, or between the
springs and the body of the vehicle, a packing of caoutchouc or other
elastic material of like character, which has the effect of deadening jar
and damping vibration. I am aware that such packings have been
already used in the form of washers or lining pieces, but they have
failed to produce the desired effect because the parts between which the
packings have been interposed were not completely separated thereby,
solid connections between them having been maintained by bolts passing
through the washers or linings or otherwise.
:
-
Now according to my Invention I effect the interposition of the
deadening material in the following manner: -On the one part of the
vehicle, as for example the axle or axle box, I fix a box or case contain-
ing the deadening material, and to the other part of the vehicle, as for
example the spring, I attach pieces of metal which may be in the form
of bolts with broad heads or of T ended brackets, the heads or ends of
which are inserted into the middle of the deadening material and
imbedded therein, so that there is no metallic connection between the
one part of the vehicle and the other, nor any contact of their solid
materials or connection between them except through the deadening
material, which is retained in its place and prevented from bulging or
changing its shape by the box or case in which it is enclosed. The
positions of this box containing the deadening material and of the bolts.
or brackets may obviously be inverted, and in this manner either the
axles may be connected to the springs or the springs to the body of the
vehicle, or the body of the vehicle to the under framing as may be most
suitable to the construction and arrangement of the parts.
Not only may the vertical pressure of the vehicle be transferred to
the wheels in the manner described above through deadening material,
but also lateral and longitudinal vibrations may be damped in like
manner. In railway carriages, for example, the body may be connected
to the framing sideways through damping boxes, and the draw bars and
buffer boxes may be attached in like manner to the carriage frame.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal, and Fig. 2 a transverse section, and
Fig. 3 a plan of a box such as I have described above, charged with
deadening material of an elastic or semi-elastic character. A is the box
which may be secured to one part of the vehicle, as, for example, on the
top of one of the springs. Bolts B attached to another part of the
vehicle, as, for example, the under framing or body are passed through
holes in bosses of a casting or piece C which is imbedded in and
surrounded by the deadening material D, so that no part of the bolts or
of the piece C is in metallic contact with the box A. In applying this
Invention to railway carriages I prefer to fix the box A on the under
frame of the carriage, securing the body of the carriage by the bolts B
on to the bosses of the piece C.
It may be readily understood that the form and position of deadening
apparatus such as I have described may be varied to suit particular
cases or arrangements of the vehicles to which they are applied.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim, interposing between one
part of a vehicle and another a box secured to the one part containing
deadening material in which is imbedded a piece secured to the other
part, so that there is no metallic contact between the said box and piece
for the purpose of diminishing the transmission of noise and vibration,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Brakell, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.