matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING MATCHES AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred James at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1878.
"IMPROVE-
ALFRED JAMES, of No. 48, Belsize Park, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING MATCHES AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES."
According to my present Invention I construct boxes for containing matches and
other small articles as follows.
I cut a piece of sheet metal of the form of a long strip with two projecting side
pieces at one end. These side pieces when bent up at right angles to the other part
form the two sides of the box, while the other part being bent round the lower ends
of the side pieces and then along their projecting edges, forms the bottom and
front and back of the box, the several parts being left without soldering.
A separate piece of metal forming the lid at the upper end of the box has two side
projections at one edge bent so as to embrace pins inserted through holes in the
sides of the box and another projecting portion at the middle of the edge of the
lid fits into an oblong slit formed close to the upper edge of that part of the body
of the box.which was bent up between the two sides. This portion of the box is
made to act as a spring so that in pressing it inwards it pushes against the two
side projecting pieces of the lid, and thus forces the lid open, while in springing
outwards again when released by the finger it pulls with the upper edge of its slot
against the middle projection of the lid and so closes the latter.
To prevent the spring portion of the box from being pressed inwards beyond a
certain point, it has small side projections which take a bearing against similar
projections on the edges of the two side pieces.
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR COVERING OR PROTECTING THE OUTSIDE SEATS OF SHIPS, TRAM CARS, AND OTHER VEHICLES OR PLACES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones Howell at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1878.
WILLIAM JONES HOWELL, of Leeds, in the County of York.
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR COVERING OR PROTECTING THE OUTSIDE SEATS
OF SHIPS, TRAM CARS, AND OTHER VEHICLES OR PLACES."
The object of my improvements is to provide coverings for the outside seats of
tram cars and other vehicles which may be readily removed or drawn on to the
sents so as to protect the passengers from damp or wet seats, or to prevent thein
becoming wet froin exposure to rain or other causes.
I mount, by preference, a number of rollers in suitable bearings, and longitudinally
behind the outside seats provided for the passengers. On these are rolled some suitable
waterproof fabric. The material is placed on the rollers in the manner of an
ordinary window blind, and protected when wound on by a suitable cover or covers,
and when drawn off the rollers in a horizontal direction forms a covering for the
seats, either as protection to the passengers against damp or protection to the seats,
and preventing them thereby becoming damp from rain or other causes.
The rollers when preferred may have springs applied thereto for the purpose of
providing a self-acting means for winding on the covering.
the
I by preference provide separate covers and rollers (though not necessarily so) for
врасе allowed or allotted for each passenger.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR DESTROYING INSECTS WHICH INFEST CERTAIN ROOT CROPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hall and Walter Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1878.
GEORGE HALL, of Vincent Square, in the City of Westminster, and WALTER
GREEN, of Wantage, in the County of Berks. "IMPROVED MEANS FOR DESTROYING
INSECTS WHICH INFEST CERTAIN ROOT CROPS."
My Invention relates to a machine for catching and destroying insects which
infest and injure turnips and swedes, and consists of a frame supported on wheels
in bearings, in which frame a fan is mounted to revolve in close proximity to the
ground. The fan extends across the machine from side to side, and is driven at a
high speed by spur gearing from one of the travelling wheels of the machine. The
fan is partly enclosed by a cover above and behind it, which extends down close to
the ground to prevent the insects from escaping, the inner surface of the said cover
being coated with an adhesive liquid or substance, by which the insects when blown
against it by the action of the fan are caught and destroyed.
The frame in which the fan and cover are mounted is free to be oscillated on the
wheel axle, and provided with handles in order to enable the apparatus to be tem-
porarily raised, in order to avoid an obstacle in its way. Means are also provided
for adjusting the apparatus at the desired height from the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE CONSUMPTION OF GAS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1878.
GEORGE EDWARD WEBSTER, C.E., of the Central Chambers, Market Street, of the
Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Gas Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE CONSUMPTION OF GAS."
My Invention consists of a meter composed of two receivers working in a vessel
of water; these meters may be applied to act either for regulating the consumption
of single jets (when they are called observation photometers) or for a number.
For the purpose of carrying out my Invention I employ two cylindrical vessels
fitting one inside the other. The top cylinders act as the gas receivers, and rise
according to the amount of gas admitted to them by the inlet pipe. When this is
shut off the receivers, which have an escape tap connected to them, fall according
to the escape at the escape tap, and thus measure the amount of gas consumed by
the rate at which they fall. This arrangement is for registering the consumption
of single jets.
When I apply this as a meter I arrange the receivers as before described, but
they now work alternately, that is, one rising whilst the other is falling, and in
order to economise space I have an internal tin or cylinder in each, which is half
filled with water, and which is connected to each other before the gas is admitted.
When therefore the gas is admitted to one cylinder, and escaping out of the other,
the water flows from that cylinder into that from which the gas is escaping, leaving
the other. I thus economise space. In this arrangement I employ a registering
motion.
The action of the meter is that when one receiver is filling with gas the other is
falling, and thus an uninterrupted stream of gas is supplied, and the amount accu-
rately measured.
If the two cylinders, as above described, are placed to work without the registering
motion, the apparatus then acts as a governor. When the registering motion is on,
it acts as a meter and governor combined, and which may be regulated.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF PROTECTING THE BOTTOMS OF TROWSERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Wardroper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1878.
"
EDWIN WARDROPER, Esq., of 64, Pall Mall, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. AN IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF PROTECTING THE BOTTOMS OF
TROWSERS."
It consists of an inner and outer case, which fits round the bottom of the trowsers,
and may be of any convenient depth. A band of elastic may be attached to the
upper portion. It is fastened to the trowser by two invisible spring clips similar
to ordinary paper holders, one on each side. The case may be made of any con-
venient material, such as leather, cloth, or any other suitable material. By using
this the trowsers will be protected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR MOISTENING AND COOLING AIR, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR SPINNING AND OTHER MILLS AND PLACES, CALLED PACHER'S HYGROPHORE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1878. A communication from
abroad by Paul Pacher von Theinburg, of Vienna, Austria.
CHARLES BARLOW, of 23, Southampton Buildings, London, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR MOISTENING AND COOLING AIR, ESPECIALLY
APPLICABLE FOR SPINNING AND OTHER MILLS AND PLACES, CALLED PACHER'S
HYGROPHORE." [A communication from abroad by Paul Pacher von Theinburg, of
Vienna, Austria.]
The object of this Invention is to provide a means for moistening the air in
spinning mills or other establishments or rooms where humidity or coolness is
desirable.
I attain this purpose by leading a blast current in a perpendicular direction or
nearly so against a thin flat jet or jets of water or other liquid, whereby the liquid
is dispersed in very minute particles, suspending in and moistening the air.
In carrying out this Invention a vessel of conical or other suitable form may be
suspended within another vessel in such a manner that an annular space is formed
between both vessels, through which the blast current is directed. The first-
mentioned vessel is provided with an adjustable lid, which by screw and nut or
otherwise may be pressed upon the rim of this vessel. Water or other liquid under
pressure is continuously forced into this vessel. As soon as the latter is filled the
liquid will escape betwixt the lid and the rim of the vessel in a flat thin circular
jet, and this jet will be scattered as dust by the blast current passing through the
annular space formed by the two vessels.
This arrangement may, of course, be modified without departing from the
principle of my Invention, which consists essentially in forcing a current of air
through one or more flat thin jets of water or other liquid, whereby the latter is
scattered away as dust for the purpose of moistening or cooling the air in spinning
mills or other establishments or rooms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COCOA-NUT AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBRES, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Figgiss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1878.
JAMES FIGGISS, of Wapping, London, E. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF COCOA-NUT AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBRES, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to improved machinery for spinning cocoa-nut fibre into
yarn suitable for the manufacture of cocoa-nut matting.
Under one arrangement the machine consists of an open framework, having at
one end a short horizontal shaft on which is fitted a fly wheel and the usual fast
and loose pulley for driving the moving parts of the machine. The shaft carries on
its inner end a pinion which gears with a vertical spur wheel that is carried on a
stud fixed in a rotating frame, which consists of a horizontal bar having its ends
bent at right angles, and deriving its rotatory movement from the spur wheel driven
by the pinion. The spur wheel gears with a larger wheel arranged horizontally,
and carried upon the lower part of the rotating frame. This last wheel has fitted
to its disc a lantern wheel or open spool, on which the fibre is partly wound as it
is spun into yarn. A rapid compound motion is communicated to the spool from
the fast pulley; thus while the frame carrying the spool is rapidly rotated about its
axis in a horizontal direction the fibre as it is fed into the machine is twisted by
this motion and so formed into yarn. At the same time the spool also turns upon
its axis, and the yarn is thus wound thereon simultaneously with the spinning
operation. From the spool the twisted yarn is carried to other spools arranged as
receivers at the opposite end of the machine. These as they become filled are
removed ready for use in the loom either to form the warp or weft of the fabric to
be manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Weeks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1878.
JAMES WEEKS, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey.
SHIRTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention consists in a shirt provided with two distinct fronts, so that when
one front becomes soiled it may be turned in and another front exposed without the
necessity of changing the garment when a clean front is required.
According to my Invention each front of the shirt is attached at one side only to
the body and neckband of the garment, the other half being free, and held in place
by a tab or button at bottom, and also by buttoning the upper corner of the front
to the shirt.
The fronts are worn one over the other, and fastened down the middle by studs
in the ordinary way, and when one front becomes soiled it is simply necessary to
unfasten the front and turn it in so as to expose the other front, which has been
preserved from becoming soiled beneath it, and then fasten it in place. The stud
holes of both fronts come opposite one another in wear.
The Invention is applicable to shirts made of various materials, and the two fronts
may be of different patterns or of different material.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING ROOMS AND FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME WITH A CONSTANT INFLUX OF FRESH AIR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1878.
GEORGE WESTON, of Flat Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, Machinist.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WARMING ROOMS AND FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME
WITH A CONSTANT INFLUX OF FRESH AIR."
My Invention relates to the warming of rooms and supplying the same with a
constant influx of fresh air, and is accomplished in manner following, that is to say,
I use an iron case or box with a close fitting door, the said case or box to have
an inlet through the bottom with a pipe communicating with the atmosphere
outside the room for the admission of fresh air, and an outlet at the top com-
municating by a pipe with the chimney or other available place for the outlet of
foul air the product of combustion. Inside the said iron case or box I fix a
number of air pipes so arranged that one end of each pipe is open and near to
the bottom in the inside of the case or box, the other end of each of the said
pipes is projected through to the outside of the case near to the upper corner of
the said case, and opposite to the corner in which the open ends of the pipe
are fixed in the inside of the said case or box; the air pipes are raised up near
the end in the inside of the case, are bent and pass along near the under side
of the top of the said case or box to the outside. Underneath the air pipes in
the inside of the case I fix a gas pipe, size and shape to suit the case; in the said
gas pipe is a number of small holes pierced for jets of gas to burn on the principle
of the Bunsen burner, by which the necessary heat is produced for the purpose of
the said Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING AND COILING SHUTTERS."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Holland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1878.
PETER HOLLAND, of Swinton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING AND COILING SHUTTERS."
This Invention relates to the construction and application of a hinge joint for
connecting the laths of revolving and coiling shutters together so as to give a
sweeter action, greater strength, and a neater appearance than has hitherto been
practicable.
One modification of the Invention consists of what may be termed a continuous
metallic chain, the links of which form sockets to receive the extremities of the
wooden, metallic, or other laths, and which links are hinged together in a line with
the centre of the laths. Another modification of my Invention consists of hinge
joints, connected together by a thin web of metal, and which web is introduced
into a slot formed in the laths so as to leave an equal thickness of wood or metal
on each side of the web, and which web is secured in position in the laths by
rivetting or in any other convenient manner. This Invention further relates to the
production of an open shutter through which the contents of jewellers' and other
shop windows are plainly visible, and which description of shutter has hitherto
been constructed in rigid removable pieces, and consists in the application of my
improved socketed chain joint to the purpose whereby metallic tubes or rods may
be employed as substitutes for the laths, and thus an open shutter is constructed
capable of being wound round a roller, stops being arranged upon the hinge joints
to prevent them turning too far in the reverse direction. Instead of sockets the
hinge joints may be formed with plugs to enter the extremities of tubes when
tubes are employed in the formation of this open description of shutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lees and Joseph Holding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1878.
HENRY LEES and JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS."
Our Invention relates to "small-arms," such, for example, as rifles which have to
be held in the hands whilst being fired. The barrels of such fire-arms become
heated when repeatedly fired in quickly succeeding discharges, and the barrels, when
hot, render it impossible or difficult to hold the arm in such a manner as to take a
correct aim, or to hold the arm conveniently at other times.
The object of our said Invention is to remedy this defect, and to this end we
cover a portion of the exposed part of the barrel with a shield which prevents the
hand or the fingers from coming into contact with the heated barrel when the arm
is being held in position to be discharged, or is being carried or being held in
position, as when charging, or is being otherwise held or grasped with the hands.
The said shield may be made of brass, steel, or electro-plated metal, or of other
suitable metal, or of wood, papier maché, or other suitable material, and may be in
contact with the barrel or be separated therefrom by means of an air space or of a
suitable non-conducting packing material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Denison, Alfred Slater,
William Coupland, and John Edward Plummer at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 16th November 1878.
THOMAS DENISON, ALFRED SLATER, and WILLIAM COUPLAND, of Yeadon, and
JOHN EDWARD PLUMMER, of Leeds, all in the County of York, Woollen Manufac-
turers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS."
The object of our Invention is to produce felted fabrics suitable for wearing
apparel or other purposes with striped patterns of various colours.
We propose to
maintain all the processes and machines used in the manufacture of felt as at present,
but instead of feeding the scribbling machine with one wide sliver of uniform or
nearly uniform colour, as at present, we propose to feed it with a party coloured
sliver made by winding numerous narrow slivers of two or more colours or shades
of colour according to any desired pattern on to one beam or roll; or we may
dispense with the beam or roll altogether, and feed the scribbler directly with as
many narrow slivers as may be desired for any required width of felt..
IMPROVEMENT IN FITZROY BAROMETERS, BY WHICH SUCH BAROMETERS CAN BE MORE EASILY RENDERED PORT- ABLE AND PUT IN ACTION
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry McCarthy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY MCCARTHY, of No. 4, Coldbath Square, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, Experimental Glass Blower. "IMPROVEMENT IN FITZROY
BAROMETERS, BY WHICH SUCH BAROMETERS CAN BE MORE EASILY RENDERED PORT-
ABLE AND PUT IN ACTION."
An improvement in Fitzroy barometers, by the adaptation to such barometers of
a cistern with a leather bag and screw fittings, so that the barometer can be
rendered portable and also put in action without opening the barometer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLAZED OR ENAMELLED MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners-of-Patents-on-the-9th-December 1878. A communication
from abroad by André Gouault, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLAZED OR ENAMELLED
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by André Gouault, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
This Invention relates to the employment as a solid ground work or base for the
application of coatings of glaze or enamel obtained by the ordinary processes of
natural sandstones in general, and especially of those sandstones more nearly related
to those varieties known as natural white sandstone and natural red sandstone of
the Vosges.
These natural sandstones possess the double property of being capable of being
cut up, carved, turned, sculptured, and otherwise treated with facility, and of being
submitted to a very elevated temperature without the liability of becoming distorted
in shape or cracked.
In carrying out this Invention articles of any required shape formed of natural
sandstone are submitted to a process of glazing or enamelling in any color, and
either plain or in any style of decoration, such glazing or enamelling being
performed in the same manner as when treating articles of china or pottery.
By this means enamelled natural sandstone is obtained constituting a novel
industrial product, and which being capable of being made in any form or shade
will be adapted to a great variety of applications, such, for example, as the internal
and external decorations of houses, buildings, and monuments, linings or ornamental
casings for stoves, furnaces, and chimney pieces, balustrades, pillars of staircases,
balconies, gutter stones, and the like. Plates, panels, or squares manufactured
according to this Invention may also be employed for covering either the floor or
the sides of ovens, and will not be liable to injury from excessive heat.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF LOZENGES, WHEREBY THE SAME, IN ADDITION TO THEIR ORDINARY USAGE, ARE RENDERED USEFUL FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES, AND FOR PURPOSES OF AMUSE- MENT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1878.
JOSEPH WILSON, the younger, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF
LOZENGES, WHEREBY THE SAME, IN ADDITION TO THEIR ORDINARY USAGE, ARE
RENDERED USEFUL FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES, AND FOR PURPOSES OF AMUSE-
MENT."
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in the manufacture or
construction of lozenges, has for its object to render such lozenges, in addition to
their ordinary usage, as a means of education, also as a source of ainusement.
The improvements consist in manufacturing or constructing the said lozenges in
pieces and forms, which fit into one another after the manner of what is commonly
known as a puzzle map or puzzle picture. On one or both the flat sides the
lozenges are stamped or printed in colours with portions of a map, or pictorial, or
other device, the whole of which appears when the respective lozenges are united
or placed together in the order corresponding to the map, design, or other picture
so stamped or printed thereon.
A COVERING FOR THE BODIES OF MILITARY, NAVAL, OR OTHER MEN, TO PROTECT THEM FROM CARTRIDGES, BULLETS, AND OTHER PROJECTILES, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A COVERING FOR HORSES, CAMELS, AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Sladdin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY SLADDIN, of Brighouse, in the County of York. "A COVERING
FOR THE BODIES OF MILITARY, NAVAL, OR OTHER MEN, TO PROTECT THEM FROM
CARTRIDGES, BULLETS, AND OTHER PROJECTILES, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A COVERING
FOR HORSES, CAMELS, AND OTHER ANIMALS."
The object of this Invention is to protect the bodies or other parts of the person
of military, naval, or other men, also horses, camels, and other animals, from the
the destructive action of cartridges, bullets, and other projectilos, and consists in the
employment of fine wire twisted together to form a small coil, which is then, either
by hand or machinery, woven into a vest or other covering for the body.
At those points where the wires cross or intersect each other knots are made,
forming projections, which strengthen the garment so made and lesson the
destructive action of the projectile.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, WHICH SAID INVENTION MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS, AND NUTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Iliffe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1878.
CHARLES ILIFFE, of Harbourne, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, WHICH SAID INVENTION MAY ALSO
BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF RIVETS, BOLTS, AND NUTS."
.
Hitherto nails and such like articles named in the title have been either cast in
sand moulds or in chills or by other well-known means, or they have been when a
better quality was required hammered or forged.
By my Invention I produce a nail equal in quality to a forged nail, and at much
less cost.
My improvements consist in making nails by casting the same from Bessemer or
an other suitable steel, and finishing the same for use by inhealing them to a
suitable degree.
MENTS IN IRONS' FOR IRONING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sophia Lavina Burchell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1878.
SOPHIA LAVINA BURCHELL, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN IRONS' FOR IRONING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS."
"IMPROVE-
Hitherto difficulties and inconveniences have arisen by the operation of ironing
owing to the buttons or other hard projections on the linen, the iron when passing
over them tending to press them into the material and to break them, or else
necessitating extra care and time in passing the iron carefully round each button
or projection. To obviate this it has been proposed to form the face or ironing
surface of the iron with a groove wide enough and also sufficiently deep to let the
button pass through the same, but it has been found in practice that such groove
in the face leaves an impressed streak in the linen and is prejudicial to the neat
getting up of the article or part to be ironed.
According to this Invention I form one or more half round notches in the edge
of the iron and I round off the points of such notches; and in order to afford
a clear view of the button or projection on the part or article, I prefer to slope the
notch upwards and inwards considerably towards the middle of the iron. I prefer
to employ only one such notch and to form it at the nose or point of the iron. In
the use of this iron I pass the same with the notch up against the button, and by
turning the iron round it as a pivot, or vice versa by turning the article with the
button round in the notch of the iron, or partly one and partly the other, I am
enabled to iron the part round the button quickly and neatly without leaving any
unironed parts or producing streaks or marks.
RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
A communi-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1878.
cation from abroad by Amos Kenney Hadley, and William Fitz-Charles
McCarty, both of New York City, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
IMPROVEMENTS IN
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
RAILWAY BRAKES." A communication from abroad by Amos Kenney Hadley',
and William Fitz-Charles McCarty, both of New York City, United States of
America.
"
This Invention consists in providing a sliding brake to be moved vertically down
upon the top of the track by suitable mechanism, the bottom of the brake being
provided with a metallic shoe, between which and the brake plate proper is inter-
posed a spring cushion that will receive the shocks due to the inequalities of the
surface of the rail against which the brake presses.
The brake may be operated by various forms of mechanism, but the one preferred
consists of a pair of toggle joint arms operated by a cogged knuckle bar actuated
by a cogged pinion, which in turn may be moved by an ordinary brake wheel and
shaft, or by any other suitable means, as for instance by steam or pneumatic
power.
The improvements are to be performed by making the various parts of metal, or
of metal and wood combined.
The brake plate is fitted to a toggle bar or bars, and between said plate and the
shoe or brake surface springs are interposed of metal, or rubber, or other equivalent.
The toggle bars are actuated by a cogged wheel worked by a knuckle bar or bars
connected with the aforesaid toggle bars.
The cogged wheel may be worked by any device similar to that at present
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINABLE GARMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1878.
A communication from Gebrüder Weiler, of Crefeld, in the Empire of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINABLE GARMENTS." A communication from
Gebrüder Weiler, of Crefeld, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in so cutting, shaping, and fixing materials that they
may be formed into a necktie and cap combined, for use in either capacity as
desired, by the act of folding and unfolding as the case may be, in combination with
fasteners of any kind for securing the parts and folds in their different positions.
The materials may be of any suitable kind, and are cut and folded as a long scarf or
necktie, to be turned into a peakless cap, Glengarry shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING RUGS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oswald Pike and Max Frank at the
A commu-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1878.
nication from abroad by Isidor Heilbrun, of Berlin, in the Empire of Ger-
many.
OSWALD PIKE and MAX FRANK, both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
(A commu-
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING RUGS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES.”
nication from abroad by Isidor Heilbrun, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.)
This Invention relates to the manufacture of travelling and other rugs, blankets,
and similar articles, and consists principally in the method of adapting or employing
for that purpose a material not hitherto so employed.
The material to be used for this purpose is the floss silk and silk waste from the
cocoons, and the waste and refuse from the throwing process.
This silk waste is first dyed, then heckled or combed and drawn, scutched and
carded, and formed into a fleece or sliver, which is then prepared and spun into
coarse threads in the usual manner. These spun threads of waste silk are then
woven into a coarse thick kind of fabric in an ordinary loom, and a long pile is
then raised on both surfaces (or on one only, if preferred), by teasing or carding.
Travelling rugs, blankets, or other similar articles made in this manner from waste.
silk, besides having a superior appearance and "feel," will be found to be much
warmer and lighter than those made from wool in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING LEGS AND TRAVERSES FOR STRETCHERS FOR SICK AND WOUNDED, AND FOR BEDS, COUCHES, CHAIRS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Maclure at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1878.
ANDREW MACLURE, the younger, of No. 97, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of
London, Lithographer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING LEGS AND TRAVERSES FOR
STRETCHERS FOR SICK AND WOUNDED, AND FOR BEDS, COUCHES, CHAIRS, AND
OTHER PURPOSES."
The improvement in folding legs, as shown in the accompanying Drawing, is
obtained as follows:-The leg (A) when not in use is held up parallel with the
pole (B) of the stretcher by means of a leather loop (C) passing over a stud (D)
fixed on the leg for that purpose, as shown in Fig. 1, and when required for use the
loop (C) is loosened and the leg (A) drops on a hinge (E) to the position required at
right angles to the pole, and is made rigid by means of a tube (F) sliding over the
joint, and held there by a shoulder (G), as shown in Fig. 2; the foot of the leg may
or may not be made with a wheel or castor (H).
The improvement in folding traverses is obtained as follows:-The traverse for
holding the stretcher open is made of two arins of metal, wood, or other suitable
material, of which the one arm is longer than the other. These arms are connected
by a joint, loose rivet, or hinge at (I), and the longer arm has at one end a peculiar
bend, somewhat in the shape of a hook (J), which when the traverse is extended
passes round a stud (K) on the shorter arm, and holds the traverse rigid by
binding against-the stud.
Fig. 3 shows the traverse partly extended; and Fig. 4 shows the traverse fully
extended.
Fig. 5 shows the shape of the stud (K).
The accompanying Drawings only show the improvements as applied to stretchers,
and slight alterations may be necessary in applying the legs and traverses to beds
or other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dudley Wolf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1878.
DUDLEY WOLF, of Guildhall Chambers, Basinghall Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of pipes for
smoking tobacco, whereby the latter is enabled to be lit and kept in a state of
ignition when the smoker is exposed to wind or rain.
The bowl of the pipe is formed of two parts, the lower portion being a continuation
of the stem or tube.
The upper part of the bowl may be of any of the ordinary shapes, but is
provided with a shoulder at the bottom capable of fitting into the before-mentioned
lower part of the bowl at the end of the stem or tube. On each side of the lower
portion of the bowl is fixed a vertical slotted strip of metal or loop, in which slots
or loops work two small pins fixed in the upper part of the bowl, such pins being
provided with heads.
When it is desired to fill the pipe the upper part of the bowl is turned back, the
pins working upwards in the slotted loops, the tobacco being then introduced at the
lower part of the bowl, and upon closing the latter, ignition can be at once obtained
from any portion of the lighted tobacco remaining in that part of the bowl which
is at the end of the stem or tube, and which can be readily raised for that
purpose.
An important advantage connected with this Invention is that there is no waste
of tobacco, whilst the bowl can be easily cleansed with a brush or otherwise, and
the pipe thus prevented from becoming foul
CUPS OR LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES,"
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1878.
CHARLES SHAW, of Lees, in the County of York.
CUPS OR LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES,"
IMPROVEMENTS IN TALLOW
My Invention relates to the lubricators which are employed to supply melted
tallow or other lubricant to the cylinders of steam machinery.
In the construction of such a lubricator I form an opening in the bottom of the
cup or reservoir, and I provide the said opening with a valve which is arranged to
be closed by the steam pressure, and to be opened by means of a weight, load, or
spring to permit the flow of lubricant to the cylinder on the steam pressure being
removed or falling below the degree requisite to sustain the load upon the valve.
In the arrangement which I now consider to be most suitable the said valve is
formed upon a spindle, the upper end of which is arranged to slide in a bearing or
guide in a cross bar. Upon or to the lower end of the said spindle is formed or
fixed a weight, of a cylindrical or other suitable form, which is enclosed within a
chamber below the valve.
For convenience in putting together, the said chamber is or may be formed in a
foot or part which is screwed to the reservoir.
The extent to which the valve is permitted to open can be regulated by means of
a nut working upon a screwed portion of the spindle.
In lieu of the said weight I may employ a spiral spring, or a spring of a suitable
form, or a loaded lever.
AN IMPROVED WASHING OR CLEANSING COMPOUND
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Marriott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1878.
ELIZABETH MARRIOTT, of the Town and County of Northampton. "AN IMPROVED
WASHING OR CLEANSING COMPOUND."
My Invention relates to an improved washing or cleansing material or compound,
and consists in the addition to soap of a substance or ingredient having abrading
or frictional qualities, which, acting in conjunction with the detergent qualities of
the soup, render the compound eminently fitted for removing stains from the hands,
for cleansing the more soiled parts of linen, and for other analogous purposes, a
great economy of time and labor being effected by the use of this improved
compound.
My improved washing or cleansing compound consists of a mixture with common
yellow or any fancy or toilet soap of about an equal amount of pumice stone reduced
to a very fine or impalpable powder, and added to the soap when the latter is in a
melted or pasty state, and thoroughly incorporated therewith, so as to be equally
distributed throughout the mass of the soap. This compound combines the detergent
qualities of the soap with the frictional action of the powdered pumice stone, at the
same time that when used for washing or cleansing purposes the soap lubricates
the particles of the powdered pumice stone and modifies its abrasive action, thus
preventing injury to the finest fabrics.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING COFFEE, TEA, AND OTHER EXTRACTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Powell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1878.
RICHARD POWELL, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING COFFEE, TEA, AND OTHER EXTRACTS."
"IMPROVE
The object of this Invention is to construct an apparatus for making the extract
by one single operation, and by one single apparatus, which shall also serve to keep
the extracts hot after being made, all as herein-after described.
The apparatus consists of an inner vessel contained in an outer vessel, the latter
closed above and united with the inner one; the space between the two vessels
below and all round forms a jacket for water, and part of this water is used for
making the extract, the water jacket also serving to further the extracting
operation and keep the extract hot when made.
There is a tube leading from the lower part of the water jacket up through one
side of it and terminating in the upper part of the inner vessel; to the end of this
pipe is attached a grid or grating; the lower end of the pipe or the inlet thereto
does not quite reach the bottom of the outer vessel.
The coffee or other substance to be treated for extraction is put into a container
with strainer bottom; this container is put into the upper part of the inner vessel,
the pipe is then put into its place and the grid plate attached thereto pressed down
on to the coffee. A close fitting lid is then put on. The apparatus is then placed
over a gas flame or other flame or fire, cold or lukewarm water (whatever may be
at hand) having been previously put into the outer water jacket. As the water
therein becomes heated it passes by the pipe along with steam over into the upper
part of the inner vessel, and through the grid plate into the coffee in the container,
percolating therethrough and falling as extract into the space below. In the
course of a few minutes all the essence and aroma required has been extracted, and
the made coffee can then be drawn off by a tap below or by a spout, which latter
--

page_text: should be stoppered while the coffee is being made, in order that no aroma or heat
be lost.
Coffee or other extract is thus made in a few minutes by one apparatus and one
operation, by means of a gas or other flame, cold water being placed in the jacket
and the substance to be extracted in the container.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR VENTILATING DRAINS OR SEWERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holroyd at the Office of the
Coininissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1878.
THOMAS HOLROYD, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR VENTILATING DRAINS OR SEWERS."
My Invention consists in applying either the pillars used as lamp posts or other
pillars to which lamps may be applied, and in connecting them with the drains or
sewers direct or with trapped or other gullies in communication with the aforesaid
sewers or drains, in such a manner as will enable the gases to pass from the sewers
or drains up the pillar at or near the top of the lamp post or other pillar, and so
escape in the open air at a sufficient height above the level of the street, and a
sufficient distance from the dwellings, as to render the gases practically innocuous.
I make the lamp post or other pillar hollow throughout, and of sufficient internal
diameter as to afford a passage for the gases without obstruction.
I construct a suitable flange or socket at or as near as convenient to the base of
the pillar, so as to connect the pipes for conducting the gases from the sewer or
drain.
The pillar may have a direct outlet at its apex, or one or more openings may be
provided by means of projecting arms or flanges extending in a horizontal or
vertical or other direction, or the lamp containing the gas or other burner may be
constructed to fit closely upon the top of the pillar, and the orifice at the apex
thereof opening directly into it for the purpose as far as practicable of causing an
upward current, and thereby drawing the sewer gases up the interior of the pillar
directly through the lamp into the open air.
A separate tube may be provided in or on the pillar to supply the required
amount of common air for the burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES, AND IN NUTS FOR THE SAME, CHIEFLY DESIGNED TO PREVENT THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Bassett Boyce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
ISAAC BASSETT BOYCE, of Lynn, in the County of Essex, and State of Massa-
chusetts, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES, AND IN NUTS FOR THE SAME,
CHIEFLY DESIGNED TO PREVENT THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES."
This Invention relates chiefly to axles and their nuts for wheeled vehicles, and
may also be applied to shafts, rods, and spindles of various kinds and for different
purposes.
The object of the said Invention is to prevent the loss of a nut and the con-
sequent dropping of a wheel.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I construct the axle in such a
manner that its end terminates in a bolt, which is provided with two screw threads
separated by a short uncut space of somewhat smaller diameter than the portions
of the bolt provided with the screw threads. The nut is provided with two
internal screw threads separated by a chamber.
Each of the screw threads in the
nut is cut in a bridge, thus making smaller spaces than the space allotted to the
intermediate chamber; the nut threads fit the bolt threads. When the nut is in
position the two bolt threads are in the two nut threads. In case the nut unscrews
and becomes loose the bolt thread, which is at the end of the bolt, lies in the
chamber and violently rattles therein, thus attracting the attention of the occupants
of the vehicle, or of any persons whose duty it may be to remedy the defect. The
nut cannot come off, as in order to do so the end bolt thread must engage the outer
nut thread, which is practically impossible.
A space for dust and other impurities is usually left in the internal end of the
nut, unless it be an open nut, when no such space is required, the bolt being flush
with the nut.
The nut-screw-thread nearer the internal end of the nut, that is to say, the one
which is farther from the mouth of the nut, may be omitted if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thomson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1878.
JAMES THOMSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of tramways in an improved,
simplified, and economical manner, and it mainly consists in forming a dovetailed
or undercut groove in the upper part of continuous cast-iron sleeper chairs, and in
using compound rails of rolled iron or steel which are shaped to fit the sides of the
dovetailed groove in the sleeper chairs, and are fixed by pairs of dovetailed wedge-
shaped keys introduced at intervals between the two bars composing each rail or
tram. Each rail thus consists of a pair of bars, and each bar is of an angular
section, the internal angle being acute, so that one web may rest horizontally on
the top of the sleeper chair, whilst the other web fits the side of the dovetailed
groove which is formed sufficiently wide to allow of the two halves of the rails
being placed in position, and yet leave space between them for the insertion of the
pairs of dovetailed wedge-shaped keys, below the level of the groove required for
the travel of the flanges of the carriage wheels.
With this arrangement of keys the rails may be easily and expeditiously taken
up for any purpose, without disturbing the sleepers or pavement.
The groove for the wheel flanges may be formed half on each half rail, in which
case the two half rails may be transposed when one of them has become worn.
If preferred however the groove for the wheel flange may be formed entirely on
one half rail, or to a greater extent on one half rail than on the other.