Improvements in or relating to the Cylinders of Heat Engines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1895
Improvements in or relating to the Cylinders of Heat Engines.
A communication from LUDWIG HEINRICH KARGER, Engineer, Plauen, near
Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, Empire of Germany.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
.
This invention relates to the cylinders of heat engines.
By means of this invention cylinders exposed to variations of temperature are
enabled to expand and contract longitudinally while their diameters remain almost
entirely unchanged. In order that the invention may be clearly understood I will
now proceed to describe the same with reference, by way of example, to the
accompanying drawings, wherein
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of part of the frame and cylinder of a horizontal
gas-engine comprising improvements according to the invention.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the cylinder thereof.
a is the removable liner of the cylinder b. At one end (the rear) the liner a is
flanged and retained in the cylinder 6 by a coned or other joint, while at the other
end the liner is free to move end wise; c is a ring acting as a guide for the liner
and serving to maintain a packing ring d between an inside flange on the cylinder,
the liner and the ring d.
Thus the space between the liner a and the interior of the cylinder b as e.g., in
gas-engines, may be used as a cooling jacket. For the purpose of rendering the
cooling effect of this space as great as possible, it will be found advisable, especially
with regard to the rear part of the cylinder which is in most gas-engines the
highest in temperature, to provide the inner rear flange of the cylinder b which
embraces the liner a and against which the flange of that liner is fitted, with
apertures e (see Figure 2) alternating with the fixing screw-bolts f, and in which
the cooling water may have access to the jacket as far as the cylinder cover, when
the latter is in place.
Although this invention is of especial value for gas-engines, it can nevertheless be
applied with advantage to other motors, whether they are fitted with cooling jackets
or not, and indifferently to horizontal or to vertical engines.
In the hitherto-practised construction e.g., of gas and oil-motor cylinders, which
are either cast in one piece with a cooling jacket, or wherein the working cylinder
is put in place and then immovably fixed at both ends, the cylinder or liner when
the motor is heavily loaded, expands and contracts outwards, in the direction of
the diameter, with the rapid and extreme variations of temperature: this results in
loosened pistons, and great consumption of gas or oil and loss of power. In
addition to all this, the continual strain put on the cylinder by the constant
repetition of the process and these continual variations of expansion and contraction,
render it necessary to have the cylinder frequently taken out and rebored; this
enhances the evils arising from the weakening of the cylinder walls. By this
invention, however, all these disadvantages are prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Securing a liner in a cylinder in such manner that oue end of the liner is held

page_text: whilst the other end is free to move endwise and is guided in such endwise move-
ment substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with a cylinder 6 of a liner a ring c and packing d sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
3. The provision between a cylinder and its liner of passages such as e substantially
as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 16th day of January 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.