matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS POR RECEIVING OB HOLDING CLOTHES, ORNAMENTS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ann Newton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 25th August 1864.
I, ANN NEWTON, of Packington Street, Islington, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Widow, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS POR RECEIVING OB HOLDING CLOTHES, ORNAMENTS, OR OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My apparatus consists of a chamber or receptacle in which is a column,
pillar, rod, bar, frame, or stand, capable of revolving wholly or partially round,
and carrying hooks, trays, or other appliances for the supporting, sustaining,
holding, or suspending of clothes, ornaments, curiosities, umbrellas, or other
articles. By turning the revolving column, rod, frame, or stand, any article
supported thereby may be brought to a required position in the chamber..
The chamber is provided with a suitable opening or inlet, which may be closed:
by a door. To render the chamber readily moveable it may be mounted on
castors or rollers. The sides may consist of or be fitted with glass or other
material. The chamber may consist of a framework provided with draperies
or hangings. I prefer in many cases to form the framework of the chamber
so that it may be readily taken to pieces, for which purpose I recommend
that it should be constructed of tubular metal rods jointed or connected.
together. The door may be fitted with a mirror.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER AND IN TREATING FABRICS AND MATERIALS DYED OR PRINTED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Claude Louis Durand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1864.
I, JEAN CLAUDE LOUIS DURAND, of Montée des Vierges Roche-cardon,
Lyons, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER
AND IN TREATING FABRICS AND MATERIALS DYED OR PRINTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacturing of
coloring matter, and in treating fabrics and materials dyed or printed
therewith.
I take commercial aniline red (that is to say, a salt of rosaniline) or the
different residues produced in the manufacture of aniline red, and I mix the
aniline red or the residues with a large quantity of water, which I heat to
the boiling point. I add little by little zinc in powder or other metal capable
of producing hydrogen; the whole is agitated constantly, and in a short time
the yellow coloring matter is obtained. The coloring matter having been
obtained I filter and precipitate it by a solution of common salt. This coloring
matter is soluble in water, and also in alcohol. It dyes silk and wool an.
orange yellow. By continuing for a longer or shorter time the process which
produces this coloring matter, all shades from reddish yellow (jaune ponceau)
to greenish yellow may be obtained.

page_text: When silk or wool or other textile materials are dyed with this coloring
matter, and then submitted to an oxidizing process, such as the action of
sulpho-nitrous acid or of a dilute solution of bichromate of potash and sul-
phuric acid, the coloring matter becomes converted upon the fibre into a
maroon or brown, more or less red according to the degree of oxidation to
which it is submitted.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Head at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1864.
I, THOMAS HOWARD HEAD, of the Teesdale Iron Works, Stockton-on-Tees,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
reservoirs. Great difficulty and danger having resulted from the breaking of
earth dams used for reservoirs, and as such danger arises from. water
percolating into and through such banks, commencing from the smallest
leakage to the final bursting of the dam head, such dam heads being in all
known cases capable by reason of their weight of resisting a far greater
pressure than the actual pressure of the water, it is obvious that it is only
necessary to superlie on the face of such dam heads some material capable
of simply rendering such banks impervious to the water, in which case they
will stand for ever.
Now according to my Invention I first make the face of the dam smooth
and level with a facing of clay, earth, or such material, and then lie flat on
such facing plates of wrought or cast iron or lead, or any similar material
to render such bank perfectly impervious to the water. I prefer cast iron plates
with flanges, either planed or caulked with cement, and about half an inch
thick, and I do not in any way depend on such plates to resist the total strain
of the water, that being done by the earthwork, but I use them to prevent

page_text: the percolation and distribute equally the stain, it being well known that the
smallest passage water may make through a bank will certainly bring down the
strongest one. At the bottom of the reservoir I either drive a few piles or
build a stone or other approved foundation to prevent the plates slipping
down edgeways. I coat my plates, if of iron, with the composition used for
preserving iron pipes, or such approved composition as may effectually preserve
them from oxidization. I also lay small ordinary drains of, say, 4" draining
pipes every 10 feet or approved distance apart, in order that any slight
leakage may be drained off, and not affect the bank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLOSING DOORS AND GATES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Newby and Charles Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 2nd August 1864.
We, THOMAS NEWBY, of Aldeburgh, in the County of Suffolk, and CHARLES
SMITH, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLOSING DOORS AND GATES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of a curved, single, or double inclined plane made of
suitable material, fixed to the ground or floor under the door or gate, so that
the plane or planes incline from the door or gate when closed, and radiate
from the hinges thereof, the door or gate being opened in either direction,
ascends one of the inclined planes, and the gravity of the door or gate will
bring it back again into its normal position. The door or gate is provided
with a roller to lessen the friction between the door or gate and the said plane
or planes. Doors swinging both ways may be provided with flaps or slides,
made to rise and fall with the door, so as to close or cover the opening left
over the door to allow for the rise of the same when caused to ascend the
inclined plane as before mentioned.
Where a door is required to swing one way only, we can prevent there

page_text: being any inconvenient opening over the door by bevelling the top of the same,
and this we should prefer to do by begining at the face of the door at the end
opposite to where the door is hung, gradually bevelling it to a more acute
angle as the bevelling approaches the hinges.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Curtis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1864. A communication from abroad by William Joseph Johnson, of
St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia.
I, MATTHEW CURTIS, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," a commu-
nication to me from abroad by William Joseph Johnson, of St. Petersburg,
in the Empire of Russia, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the class of openers of which a description is
given in the Mechanics' Magazine of Saturday, November 21st, 1840, page
482. In the opener so described there are two parallel shafts extending.
across the machine, in each of which are fastened a series of spikes or arms in.
a spiral direction; there are also a series of fixed bars containing spikes.
pointing inwards. At front of the machine is a mouth or opening to allow
the cotton or other fibres when opened to be discharged; all the other parts.
are inclosed except an opening of about two and a half inches wide extending
across the top; this opening is to allow the cotton or other fibres to be.
introduced when the machine is in operation, at which time the two shafts
rapidly revolve, the arms in one of the shafts take hold of the cotton or other
fibres as it is introduced, and carry it rapidly round; it is thus agitated and,
torn against the spikes in the fixed bars; as it proceeds round with the arms
of this shaft it is met by the arms of the other shaft, which clear it off and

page_text: throw it out through the opening or mouth in the front. In my arrangement
I also employ two shafts to which are attached in a spiral direction a series
of arms; these shafts also revolve rapidly in the same direction and at
different velocities. The fixed bars and stationary spikes are dispensed with;
these shafts and arms are at the upper portion surrounded by a casing, and
at the lower by grids. The cotton or other fibres instead of being introduced
through an opening extending the whole length of the machine as heretofore,
is introduced through an opening made in the casing near one end of the
machine, and instead of being thrown out by the arms through a mouth or
opening at the front and extending the whole length, it is, as it is opened,
drawn out at the opposite end to that at which it enters. This I effect by
means of an endless band or creeper, and a wire or perforated cylinder, in
which a partial vacuum is formed by a fan or otherwise, the same as is usually
employed in scutching or opening machines to draw the cotton from the
beater. The grids I place in an inclined or oblique position, the lower end
being that at which the cotton or other fibres is drawn off. The heavy dirt
and seeds fall through the grids, and the light dust is carried away through
the perforated cylinder as in scutchers of the ordinary construction. If
preferred two perforated cylinders may be employed, as is often the case in
scutchers.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF WORKING ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Malins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1864.
I, WILLIAM MALINS, of Great George Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF WORKING ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAYS," to be as follows (that is to
say) -
My Invention has reference to an improved system of propelling and giving
motion to carriages or trains upon railways with a view to simplify the general
arrangement and mode of working the same by substituting fixed mechanism
in lieu of the locomotive, whereby great saving of time and labour, as also in
the cost of maintaining the same is effected, and consists, firstly, in employing
vacuum power obtained by the direct condensation of steam within fixed
cylindrical chambers or other formed vessels suitably disposed for exhausting
the traction tube and producing thereby the requisite propelling power or
atmospheric pressure within the same.
Secondly, the employment of the said vacuum in connection with fixed or
stationary engines of ordinary construction for giving motion to carriages or trains
upon railways, as aforesaid, through the medium of endless ropes, chains, or other-
wise, employing also in connection therewith an exhaust or vacuum pipe com-

page_text: municating from station to station, as also providing the said traction tube with
a lifting longitudinal valve and propellor piston travelling in conjunction
with the framing of the carriage or train through the medium of a projecting
arm in like manner to the endless wire rope or chain aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDER SHIRTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tillie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1864.
I, WILLIAM TILLIE, of Londonderry, in the County of Londonderry,
Ireland, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDER SHIRTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to under shirts, which may be made of any suitable
material, and consists in making the under shirt so that whilst it opens all the
way down the front there is the protection of a double thickness for the
breast, with a single thickness for the remaining part below the breast.
The opening below the breast is by preference down the centre line, whilst at
the breast each side is shaped to extend as far beyond the centre line as is to
be covered by the double thickness, and the breast piece attached to one side
overlies the breast piece attached to the other side when the under shirt is
closed or fastened. The under shirt is secured by buttons or other fastenings
up the centre line as far as the breast, and round both sides of the breast
piece or round one side thereof, with one or two buttons at the other side to
hold the internal breast piece or flap in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN USING THE MOTIVE POWER OF STEAM, COMPRESSED AIR, WATER, AND GASES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Thomas de Kercado at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th January 1864.
I, GEORGES THOMAS DE KERCADO, of the Plessis, District of Vannes, in the
Department of the Morbihan, in the Empire of France, Householder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN USING
THE MOTIVE POWER OF STEAM, COMPRESSED AIR, WATER, AND GASES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists essentially in directing or projecting the motive
power, whatever it may be, on to one or more plates. To form a clear con-
ception of my Invention, suppose a boiler filled with steam, and above it a
sort of cup, into which the steam may be conducted by a tube, and distributed
alternately and at will by a cock or by a valve; also suppose above this cup
a plate movable, but tied to this cup by rods, if the cock or valve is opened,
what will occur? Evidently the plate, which is above the cup, will be carried
forward with considerable force, the force of the steam projected upon it.
Now at one or two yards distance, according to requirement, place a second
cup and a second plate, also above a reservoir of steam, and give to this second
apparatus the same movement as to the first, at an interval of time more or
less long, what will be the result obtained? The same as by the first appa-
ratus, that is to say, a plate pushed forward, and the same plate pushed in a
contrary direction by a second plate, that is to say, a come and go motion, a
power which may be used by ordinary means for all sorts of purposes.

page_text: Such is my arrangement with two plates facing each other, but it will be
perceived that the same method may work more simply, and nevertheless
very usefully, with only one plate, which might be propelled in contrary direc-
tions. It will be evident that no special apparatus is required to produce the
steam, compressed air, or gases.
It should, however, be observed with respect to the steam boilers or reser-
voirs of power, that it is not at all necessary that they should be multiplied as
much as the number of plates, one reservoir or boiler being able to supply the
expenditure of several plates. If compressed air is used the expenditure from
the reservoir may be supplied as it takes place by means of pumps or other
means of compression. As for the plates, they may (whether one or more be
used) be round or square, flat or hollow, according to circumstances and re-
quirements. The distribution of the steam may be effected by any known means,
by valves or by cocks, worked by hand or by eccentrics. In certain cases it
might be preferable to use the motive power not to carry the plate forward,
but to make it turn, in which case the plate would be made more or less like
a turbine, that is to say, so as to receive the motive power in the most useful
manner.
From the foregoing it will be apparent that projecting on to plates, of any
form and dimensions, any motive power, with the object of employing it
usefully, constitutes my Invention.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY SLEEPER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cordner, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1864.
I, RICHARD CORDNER, of Craw Law House, near Stanhope, in the County of
5 Durham, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RAILWAY SLEEPER," to consist in securing a bed for the rails
which shall be durable and present the advantages without the disadvantages
of the wooden sleeper.
For this purpose I construct frames of iron joined or held together trans-
versely by iron rods. These frames may be of cast or malleable iron having
on their upper surface suitable raised caps or ledges adapted for holding
securely the wooden block to which the chair for carrying the rail is to be
fastened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTERING APPARATUS APPLIED TO VEHICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1864. A communication from abroad by Alfred Dorlhiac, Commercial
Traveller, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTERING APPARATUS APPLIED TO VEHICLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention, which is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, relates
to an improved apparatus for indicating the amount of traffic in public and
other vehicles.
a, Fig. 1, represents the circular card on an enlarged scale placed on the
dial of a train of wheels arranged to run 24 hours, and divided into twenty-
four hours and fractions of hours (as indicated by the red lines), a marker or
pencil enclosed together with the mechanism in box'b, Fig. 2, traces a black
line on the card during its rotation, which line if near the centre indicates that
the vehicle is unoccupied, while if near the periphery it indicates, on the
contrary, that the vehicle has been occupied. A reverse arrangement may
also be adopted, that is to say, the line may be traced near the centre when
engaged, and near the edge when disengaged.
In the Diagram Fig. 1 I have represented, as an example, the vehicle as
being unoccupied from 7 o'clock to 25 minutes past 7, and engaged from that
time to 7.45; disengaged from then till 5 minutes past 8; engaged from then

page_text: till 18 minutes past 9, and disengaged from then till 4 minutes past 10, and
so on.
In order to move the pencil towards the centre or circumference of the
dial, the floor c or seat d of the vehicle, Fig. 2, are made movable, and when
a passenger enters he slightly lowers the floor or seat, which imparts move-
ment to the pencil, causing it to trace a line towards the circumference of the
card by the aid of levers e suitably disposed. When the passenger quits the
vehicle, the driver by means of a handle within reach returns the pencil in
box to the position it should occupy when the vehicle is empty. In this
manner the times at which the vehicle is disengaged are readily traced on the
graduated card a.
Instead of a dial I may employ a strip of paper arranged so as to be un-
wound at a uniform speed in a corresponding number of hours. When the
pencil is moved either towards the centre or circumference of the dial a bell
or other signal warns the driver, so that he can ascertain the position of said
pencil. In this manner on the movable dial being removed at the end of the
day's work, the irregular lines thereon will indicate the amount of work
performed by the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY WHEELS AND AXLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cordukes and John Getty
McGee at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th April 1864.-A communication from abroad by John
Cotton Nye, of Cincinnati, in the State of Ohio, in the United States of
America.
We, THOMAS CORDUKES and JOHN GETTY MCGEE, both of Belfast, in the
County of Antrim, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY WHEELS AND AXLES," a com-
munication to us from abroad by John Cotton Nye, of Cincinnati, in the State
of Ohio, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce friction on railways, and to
increase the durability of railway wheels. The Invention consists in making
the axle in two parts fitting into each other, one of which is hollow and the
other is solid; each wheel is fixed to one of these two parts, so that in passing
round a curve each wheel can revolve independently of the other. The two
parts of the axle are connected together by a nut fitting on the solid part
taking into a screw on the hollow part of the axle, or in any other convenient
manner. The bearings of the solid axle in the hollow axle are lubricated
through oil holes in the hollow axle, or in any other convenient manner.
IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS OF MECHANISM TO BE USED IN THE MASHING PROCESS WHEN BREWING OR DISTILLING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January 1864.
I, JAMES FRY, of Chesham, in the County of Buckingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS
OF MECHANISM TO BE USED IN THE MASHING PROCESS WHEN BREWING OR DISTILLING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use (for the purposes of mixing and delivering
of malt or other matters) of an oscillating surface with or without studs, pins,
or projections, such, for instance, as a block with projecting pins moving to
and fro upon axes, one at each end, which work in bearings formed in the
sides of a box or case, or in an enlargement of the hopper of the mashing
machine. The oscillating surface or block works between inclined moveable
surfaces, plates, or boards, which are smooth or free from projections, such
moveable surfaces, plates, or boards being fixed upon pivots or centres, and
adjusted in action by adjusting arrangements, which may be (for instance) by
the said pivots or centres passing through the box or case, or enlargement of
the hopper aforesaid, and being connected to levers which act by the inter-
vention of a moveable collar to a screw spindle having an adjusting nut or
wheel, so that the supply apertures between the different surfaces aforesaid
may be thereby widened or narrowed as desired. The oscillating surface or
block can be put and kept in regulated motion by an adjusting lever acted
on by an eccentric or crank and connecting rod. At the end of the mashing
machine I place a slide or valve to increase the action of the usual tube or

page_text: mashing machine, and attach the liquor supply tap thereof, and this slide to
governors which regulate the supply of liquor, and raise or lower the slide to
the speed of the machinery.
For mash tun machines I purpose using a travelling board shutting off the
supply of malt from all shoots but the one pointing before the rakes as they
revolve, or a revolving cone which distributes the malt or matters evenly and
regularly over the mash tun. I also use govening power as in the former
case, or if preferred, I could use worm or other mechanism to distribute the
malt over the mash tun. If required an indicator will indicate the quantity
of malt or matters delivered.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BARS, LUMPS, AND GRATINGS FOR COOKING STOVES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Plimsaul at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1864.
I, JOHN PLIMSAUL, of Bedford Street, Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-BARS, LUMPS, AND GRATINGS FOR COOKING
STOVES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making the fire-bars, lumps, and gratings
hollow, to allow water from a cistern or boiler placed in any convenient
position to circulate through them, and thereby prevent the burning out of
these parts, which in the old plans of cooking stoves (especially close fire
stoves) constantly occurs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OF WAR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cowper Phipps Coles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1864.
I, COWPER PHIPPS COLES, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, Captain in
the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OF WAR," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to build unsinkable ships of war with the
midship section above the water line intended for the battery, plated with
armour plating so thick as to resist the shots from any gun however great its
power, say, armour plating eleven inches thick. Just below the water line I
form what I term a raft deck, and cover or form this of iron plating. Below
this raft deck I form another deck, and erect upright partitions between these
two decks. I insert casks or other similar vessels for containing air between
these decks, and I fill the compartments with water and provide each com-
partment with one or more small holes communicating with the water outside
the ship. Above the raft deck I construct another light deck and separate
the space between these two decks into compartments. For ordinary purposes
I intend that these compartments should not be occupied, though for such
purposes as for conveying troops they may be converted to their use. Again,
should it be necessary to increase the immersion of the ship, water may be
admitted into some or all of them. Above the last-named light deck, both
fore and aft of the armour, I construct a living deck for officers and crew,
and cover all with a weather deck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN PRINTING WITH VARIOUS COLORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Albert Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1864.
I, HENRY ALBERT DAVIS, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS USED IN PRINTING WITH VARIOUS COLORS," to be as follows:-
I make a frame of any suitable construction to contain any requisite
number of ink rollers and tables according to the number of colored inks or
colors intended to be used. At the side of the framework I fix the feed
rollers turning on their axes in bearings fixed to the plates or tables and
revolving on the tables taking up the ink or coloring matter from grooves
thereon. I have another set of inking-rollers connected by a rod which
receive the ink or coloring matter from the supplying rollers, pass over the
table, then over the type, and thereby impart all the colored inks or coloring
matters at one operation. The said rollers are driven by an endless band
from a driving wheel over the inking tables and type, and then on to a table
sufficiently large to allow them to remain at rest whilst the blocks pass up
side grooves or rods; in the framing I fix the driving wheel to a block and
give it the requisite revolving motion either by hand or power, and I give
the upward pressing force by a lever attached to the block or other mechanical
contrivance, and the downward pressure by an ordinary printing press or other
suitable power: I make the blocks of any suitable strength, but cause them
to recess one into another in the telescopic form; and to print on a large scale

page_text: I find it necessary to obtain a support to the bottom of the last block that
descends, which I accomplish by causing large bolts to shoot out of the sides
when the blocks are raised and I cause them to recede or go back so as to be
out of the way when the blocks descend by the action of the lever or other
suitable means.
It is evident that instead of types I can use dies, lithographic stones, or
other means for producing colored devices on envelopes printing or stationary
paper in various colors for books, placards, samples for calico printing, and
other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HEWING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Russell, junior, of Falkirk, in the County of
Stirling, Coalmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR HEWING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS."
Sealed the 12th July 1864, and dated the 26th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1864.
I, JAMES RUSSELL, junior, of Falkirk, in the County of Stirling, Coalmaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR HEWING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in improvements in the machinery
whereby for the purpose of hewing coal or other mineral, a horizontal or
nearly horizontal groove or slit is cut in a stratum of such mineral.
In one form of such machinery, as at present used, the cutting apparatus
resembles a pickaxe working about an upright or nearly upright axis with a
reciprocating motion, being drawn back after each stroke.
In another form a horizontal or nearly horizontal revolving axis penetrates
into the groove and is armed with tooth-shaped removeable cutters.

page_text: In my improved machinery the cutting apparatus consists of tooth-shaped
removeable cutters carried on the edge of a flat disc, or of a set of radial arms,
which move with a continuous revolving motion in the plane of the groove
about an upright or nearly upright axis, which is supported in a suitable frame
or carriage outside the groove, and driven by steam power, water power, or
other suitable motive power, transmitted by means of compressed air, wire
ropes, or other suitable mechanism. In some cases I use a set of cutters
which are all of the same size and shape; in other cases, I use cutters which
are either alternately larger and smaller, or which form series of three or more
of progressively increasing dimensions, the smallest being in front, so that the
foremost cutter of a series cuts a small groove, and the next enlarges that
groove, and so on.
The advantages of my Invention are the following, amongst others,
increased steadiness and economy of power, by the substitution of continuous
revolution for the reciprocating motion of the machine at present commonly
used for coal hewing, which acts like a pickaxe; better work by the back of the
groove being cut straight, instead of being notched, as it is by the said machine
with the reciprocating action; and greater efficiency by the machine itself
clearing the dust and fragments out of the groove, which none of the present
machines do, inasmuch as the cutter or point of the picking machine being
drawn back after each stroke, leaves the dust and fragments in the groove,
and the machine with the axis rotating in the groove also leaves the dust and
fragments lying in the groove behind the axis as it advances sideways.
Whereas the cutting apparatus in my machine having a continuous revolving
motion in the plane of the groove about an axis outside the groove sweeps
the dust and fragments out before the cutters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE EXTRACTION. OR ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Forster and Harry Draper,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 2nd November 1864.
We, JOHN FORSTER, of Crow Street, and Frankfort House, Rathgan, and
HARRY DRAPER, of Mary Street and Leinster Road, Rathmines, Dublin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE EXTRACTION.
OR ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing paper, either during the process of its
manufacture, or subsequent thereto by adding or applying to it the substance
commercially known as artificial ultramarine, being a compound of sulphur
with certain metallic bodies (or any other compound of sulphur with
a metallic body, having a like nature to artificial ultramarine) in con-
junction with a metallic salt or salts, particularly those of the metal iron,
and preferably those compounds of cyanogen with iron which constitute the
different varieties of the "Prussian blues" known in commerce and the arts.
We employ the substances above named in any or all of the following
ways:
First, by combining in the texture of the paper "artificial ultramarine".
with Prussian blue, or other metallic compound.
Second, by applying to the surface of the paper, either as a complete coating,
or by an impressed or otherwise transferred design, a mixture of "artificial
ultramarine" with Prussian blue, or other metallic compound.
Third, by applying, either as a complete surface colouring, or by an

page_text: impressed or otherwise transferred design, Prussian blue or other metallic
compound to the surface of paper already colored with "artificial ultramarine."
Fourth, by applying either as a complete surface colouring, or by an
impressed or otherwise transferred design, "artificial ultramarine," to the
surface of paper already coloured with Prussian blue, or other metallic 5
compound:
Fifth, by chemically precipitating Prussian blue or other metallic compound,
either in the texture or upon the surface of paper coloured either superficially
or throughout with "artificial ultramarine."
And we use any or all of the foregoing modifications in conjunction with 1
a design or pattern, impressed or otherwise transferred to the paper in a
fugitive or other colour.
AN IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1864.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Guignes and Ange Chusin, both of Marseilles, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER," to be as follows:-
This propeller consists of a cylinder or tube to be fixed on a propeller shaft
with a spiral flange to which to secure the screw, the shape of which is that
of two volute spirals each springing from opposite ends of the cylinder, and
joining in the centre. The screw may be composed of several blades bolted
or rivetted together, or may be formed of one or two pieces.
In the accompanying Drawing, A represents the cylinder; B, the spiral
flange; C, the screw; and D, the propeller shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1864. A communication from Jean Baptiste Adolphe Boyer,
Amedée Pierre Vincent Varenne, and Louis Alphonse Bonin, residing at
Rue Vivienne, Paris.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ANCHORS," communicated to me by Jean Baptiste Adolphe Boyer, Amedée
Pierre Vincent Varenne, and Louis Alphonse Bonin, persins residing at Rue
Vivienne, Paris aforesaid, to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements is to disengage anchors from rocks and
other obstacles, and consequently to facilitate weighing them.
The improvements, as represented in the annexed Drawing, consist in
forming anchors with the flukes A, A, hinged to the lower end of the shank B,
and provided with small arms C, C. The extremities of these small arms are
held up against the sides of the shank by a collar or bridle D, to which are
fixed two springs E, E, entering the two sides of the shank B. Two slide
bars F, attached to the collar D and sliding along the shank, against which

page_text: they are held by a headed bolt G working in a slot, serve, by means of a cable
on board ship, for disengaging the flukes from the collar when it is wished to
weigh anchor. In this case the flukes fall almost into the same line with the
shank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR SHIPS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Benson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1864. A communication from abroad by Thomas Hansbrow, of the
City and County of Sacramento, in California, in the United States of
America.
I, MARTIN BENSON, of 14, Hinde Street, Manchester Square, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
FOR SHIPS AND OTHER PURPOSES," a communication to him from abroad by
Thomas Hansbrow, of the City and County of Sacramento, in California, in.
the United States of America, to be as follows:―
The first part of this Invention consists in the combined arrangement of the
parts employed to give motion to the piston of pumps, more particularly to
pumps the barrels of which are placed horizontal.
In applying this improvement I cast, bolt, or screw a lug to the under side
of the barrel of the pump. To this lug a forked arm is fitted which has a
vibratory or rocking motion by means of a lever worked by manuel or other power.
The lever or prongs of this fork are made to project up one on each side of the
barrel of the pump, to which prongs are jointed rods or bars, and are made to
extend to the end of the barrel of the pump, and bent or formed to a suitable
shape for attaching to the piston of the pump. The several pieces or parts
forming the improvement thus being united, motion is given to them through
the forked rocking arm by means of a suitable lever which imparts motion to
the piston of the pump. The valves of the pump are all placed on the

page_text: top side of the barrel similar to those described in my Patent of the 4th of
April 1862, No. 967. The barrel of the pump is furnished with flanges pro-
jecting from its side for attaching the whole of it to a board, post, or wall.
The inlet pipe can be joined to the back or front of the pump.
The second part of this Invention consists in arranging the parts of the
pump so that two vertical cylinders or barrels may be used in connection with
the arrangement of valves patented by me, the date above mentioned; in this
part of the Invention hinged swinging bolts will be employed for holding the
jointed parts of the pump together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKING PIPES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wardle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1864.
I, ALFRED WARDLE, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SMOKING PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to pipes made of clay, and consists in so forming
the bowls of said pipes as to enable same to be easily placed and supported
upright as regards the bowls thereof. The shape heretofore commonly given
to the bowls of smoking pipes has been such that the bowl must necessarily
be laid on its side, the effect of which when a pipe is in use is to displace
some of the ash of the tobacco, and with meerschaum pipes to scratch and
otherwise prejudicially affect same. I propose to obviate these objections
by the following means:-At the front part of the bowl and near the
bottom thereof I form an ornament, the outer extremities of which serve
as feet for supporting the bowl of the pipe in a vertical position when placed
on a table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Truss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June 1864.
I, SIDNEY TRUSS, of Hough Green, City of Chester, in the County of
Chester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of metal rails
for the permanent way of railways and tramways. These improvements
consist in constructing the rail with three or more heads, either of which is
brought to the position required for the rolling stock of railways and tramways
to run upon. These rails are constructed to rest upon wood or metal sleepers
laid longitudinally, transversely, or diagonally, or either or all combined, and
can be secured to the same by screw bolts, pins, or other similar appliances
without the use of metal chairs. When I construct these rails hollow for
some purposes, I fill them with wood or other substances for strength and
solidity. As my said Invention is capable of various modifications without
departing from the principle thereof, I do not restrict myself to the precise
sectional form, nor to making the rail solid or hollow.
A MACHINE FOR MACHINING THE ENDS OF BUTTS OF BENT IRON PLATES, WHICH WILL GIVE THEM, EVEN AFTER BEING BENT OR SET, AN ALMOST MATHEMATICALLY CORRECT GEOMETRICAL FORM, AND CAUSE THEM TO FIT AND BUTT AGAINST EACH OTHER WITH EXTREME ACCURACY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Panton and
Hugh Panton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st November 1864.
We, THOMAS WILLIAM PANTON and HUGH PANTON, trading under the Firm
of Thomas William Panton and Son, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Iron Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MACHINE FOR MACHINING THE ENDS OF BUTTS OF BENT IRON PLATES, WHICH
WILL GIVE THEM, EVEN AFTER BEING BENT OR SET, AN ALMOST MATHEMATICALLY
CORRECT GEOMETRICAL FORM, AND CAUSE THEM TO FIT AND BUTT AGAINST EACH
OTHER WITH EXTREME ACCURACY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of machining, shaping, or
finishing the ends, edges, or butts of iron, steel, or other metal plates, after
such plates have been bent into shape for making iron or steel masts and
yards, or for other similar purposes, whereby they receive after being bent an
almost mathematically correct geometric form, and will fit or abut against
each other with perfect accuracy, the plates being bent and shaped so as
to form when built up together cones, cylinders, polygons, or other figure
required.
In carrying out this Invention in practice, we first plane, if necessary, those
parts of the plates which are intended to remain straight, and then bend the
plate to the form desired by any suitable or well known means. The plates
so bent are fixed to a support, and one or more revolving cutters are applied
to each end or edge of such plate, the cutters being fixed to a face plate or

page_text: plates, and driven in a similar manner to a lathe head. The feed is obtained
during the cutting operation by causing the heads and revolving cutters to
gradually approach each other by means of screws or any other suitable and
well known mechanical contrivance. The heads and face plates may be so
arranged that their axes may be placed at any desired angle with the main
axis of the bent plate, whereby a portion of a cone, cylinder, polygon, or other
figure represented by the plate may be accurately cut to a perfectly geometrical
section of such figure, and, any number of plates so. cut to one angle will
accurately fit and abut against each other.
The cutter or cutters we propose to employ is or are of an oblong shape, so
arranged and of sufficient length to pass over the whole or nearly the whole
of the area to be cut whilst rotating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1864.
I, FREDERICK SHAW, of Burton Weir Works, Sheffield, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF
STEAM SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of propelling
steam vessels by the screw propeller. I propose to construct in the bilges of
the vessels near the stern two tubes or cylinders, one on either side, of about
twelve feet in length, the fore openings to curve downwards through the
bottom of the vessel in a slanting direction towards the bows to admit the
water, the opposite ends of the cylinders to terminate in the run of the vessel's
stern under each quarter; in each of these tubes or cylinders I propose to
work a screw propeller set on a shaft deriving motion from a steam
engine.
By this mode of propulsion I obtain the following advantages:-
1st. The impossibility of fouling the screw by wreck or other material.
2nd. The constant immersion of the screws.
3rd. The obviation of the disagreeable sensation experienced in all screw
vessels constructed upon the ordinary method, caused by working the screw at
the extreme end of the vessel.
4th. The facility with which a vessel constructed upon this principle can be
steered by reason of the column of water being driven through the cylinders

page_text: direct upon the rudder; and in case of need a vessel can be steered by means
of the screws alone without the aid of the rudder, and can be turned about
at will.
5th. Complete protection giving to the propelling medium, the screws being
worked inside the tubes offer no mark for shot, particularly applicable for
line-of-battle ships.
6th. Increased speed obtained by the economic appliance of the whole
power of the engine upon the propulsion of the vessel, a result which cannot
be effected upon the ordinary plan, a great per-centage of wasted power
being indissolubly connected with the method of driving screws in open
water.