AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF GLAZING OR FIXING SHEETS OR PANES OF GLASS IN FRAMES OR PROVISIONALATION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hutchins Pinder, of St. German's House,
Exeter, in the County of Devon, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF GLAZING OR FIXING SHEETS OR PANES OF GLASS IN FRAMES OR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th November 1874.
I, THOMAS HUTCHINS PINDER, of St. German's House, Exeter, in the
County of Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF GLAZING OR FIXING SHEETS OR PANES OF GLASS IN
FRAMES OR SASHES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple, efficient, and economical system of
glazing or fixing sheets or panes of glass in their frames or sashes
without the use of putty, and is applicable to glazing for all purposes, but
more especially to greenhouses, and to horticultural purposes generally.

page_text: The said peculiar system of glazing consists in fixing the glass by means
of small metal holders, taking the lower edge of it, the rafters being.
grooved and also "scribed" or partly recessed, to take the glass and
enable the upper part of the pane to lap over the lower one towards the
top. The glass is bedded or laid on strips of listing or felt, which affords
a bed quite equal to putty and effectually keeps out the wet. The
"scribing" of the rafter is so arranged as to leave a sufficient space at
the top of each pane to enable the glass to be slid up far enongh to clear
the metal holder at the bottom edge, and thereby admit of the pane
being readily removed and replaced.
A portable capping is used in combination with the above which is
"scribed" or partly recessed to fit the rafter. The upper end of the
portable capping is made with a tenon, which tenon. enters a mortise in
a fixed transverse capping at the top, and is secured at the bottom by a
metal eye fixed in the groove of the rafter, with a removeable pin, which
passes through the capping and eye. Intermediate fixing is obtained
by means of one or more eyes also fixed in the groove of the rafter, into
which engage a hook or hooks (fixed to the under side of the portable
capping), which hooks enter the eyes as the capping is being pushed
up into its place. The portable capping can be removed and refixed by
any inexperienced person in less time than one minute and the glass
panes can be taken out and replaced quite as quickly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder in the Great Seal
'Patent Office on the 18th May 1875.
1
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HUTCHINS PINDER, of St. German's House, Exeter, in the County of
Devon, send greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the 3
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder, Her
special license that I, the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Hutchins Pinder, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF GLAZING OR FIXING SHEETS OR PANES OF
GLASS IN FRAMES OR SASHES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say-
My said Invention relates to a simple, efficient, and economical system
or mode of glazing or fixing sheets or panes of glass in their frames or
› sashes, or on rafters composed of either wood or iron without the use of
putty, and is applicable to glazing for all purposes, but more especially
to greenhouses and to horticultural purposes generally. The said
peculiar system or mode of glazing consists in fixing the glass by
means of small metal holders permanently fixed in the surface of the
rafter or sash bar, and taking the lower edges of the panes at each
corner thereof, the rafters or sash bars being grooved in some cases lon-
gitudinally along the centre on their upper surface to carry off the wet
and also "scribed or partly recessed to take the glass and enable the
upper part of the one pane to lap in the customary manner under the
lower one of the next pane above towards the top. Or in lieu of cutting
or recessing the rafters or sash bars the same result may be obtained
by fixing small wedge-shaped pieces of wood or other suitable material
with the thicker edge downwards upon each side of the groove. The
"

page_text: "
glass is bedded or laid on strips of prepared felt, listing, or other suitable
soft material, such for example, as a narrow braid of soft hemp tacked
to the rafter which I have found to answer well in practice, or a coating
of marine glue sprinkled over with flock or short woollen fibre, the said
soft material or substance being placed on cach side of the groove which
affords a bed quiet equal to putty, and effectually keeps out all wet
and draughts, and retains the elevated temperature of the house. The
scribing" of the rafter or sash bar, whether they be made of wood or
cast metal, is so arranged as to leave a sufficient space at the top of
each pane to enable the glass to be slid up far enough to clear the
metal holders at the bottom edge, and thereby admit of the pane being
readily removed and replaced. Upright sash bars, doors, and the like
are "scribed" or partly recessed, and the panes are laid against felt
or other soft substance, and supported upon metal holders, as above
described, but the longitudinal central groove may be dispensed with.
A removeable or portable capping of wood or metal is by preference
(though not necessarily) used in combination with the above, which
capping is "scribed" or partly recessed to correspond to the rafter.
The upper end of this capping when used is made with a tenon which
enters a mortise in a fixed transverse capping at the top of the rafter,
the same arrangement being equally applicable for upright sashes. The
said cappings are each secured at the bottom by a metal eye fixed in the
groove of the rafter, or in the fixed part of the framing, as the case
may be, and a removeable pin which passes through the capping and eye.
Intermediate fixing of the said capping is obtained by means of one or
more eyes also fixed in the groove of the rafter or in the surface of the
framing, into which engage one or more hooks (fixed to the under side
of the portable capping), which hooks are caused to enter the eyes by
pushing the capping upwards into its place. The portable capping can
be removed and refixed by any inexperienced person in less time than
one minute, and the glass panes can be taken out and replaced quite as
quickly.

page_text: Figure 1 of my Drawings is a full sized sectional elevation of a
portion of the roof of a greenhouse glazed in accordance with my said.
Invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section of one of the grooved rafters with its cor-
responding removeable portable capping, and showing the glass in its.
place, and the mode of securing the capping to the rafter.
Figure 3 is a side elevation drawn to a smaller scale of the said capping
and rafter detached.
1
Figure 4 is a full sized detail edge view and plan of one of the metal
holders for taking the lower corners of the bottom panes of glass.
Figure 5 is an edge and front view of another one of the said holders
for taking the lower corners of the top and intermediate panes.
Figure 6 is a sectional side elevation drawn to a scale of half the full
size, showing the method of glazing the roof sashes.
And, Figure 7 is a cross section of a portion of the sash and rafter.
"
A represents one of the several rafters of the roof of a greenhouse
for example, grooved longitudinally at a to carry off the wet; B is tho
head piece which supports the lower ends of the rafters; and C is the
fixed capping extending across the upper part of the rafters; D is the
removeable or portable capping which is tenoned at 6 at the upper end to
enter a corresponding mortise in the fixed capping. The contiguous
surfaces of the capping and rafter are both "scribed or partially
recessed or notched, as shown clearly at c in Figure 3. d (Figures 1
and 3) represents the eye inserted in the groove, and parallel therewith
at or near the lower end of the rafter for the purpose of securing the
lower end of the capping which is slotted to fit over or on to the said
eye, and is fixed by a pin passed transversely through the capping and
eye; e represents one of the intermediate fastenings, which also consists
of a metal eye placed crosswise in the groove of the rafter, into which eye
a hook f in the under face of the portable capping engages when pushed
or slid upwards. To the lower end of each rafter there is nailed or
screwed the metal holder g (see Figure 4) which may consist of a
piece of sheet zinc or other metal turned up at one edge to form a
species of clip for the reception of the bottom corners of the two lowest
panes of glass h, h, one on each side of the rafter, the contiguous edges of
the said panes resting upon the strips of soft material i, i, on each side of

page_text: the groove, and projecting slightly over the said groove, as shown clearly
in Figure 2.
The lower corners of the upper panes rest against the intermediate T
shaped metal holders (see Figure 5) consisting each of a metal spike
or nail with an section head which is driven into the groove of the
rafter, or into the non-grooved sash bar or other support. The length of
the notches or "scribing" in the surface of the rafters is such as to
afford a sufficient free space at the upper end between the upper edge of
cach pane and the end of the notch (as shown clearly at 1, 1, in Figure 1) to
allow any one of the panes to be slid up far enough to clear the lip of the
metal holders below; thus affording facility for the ready removal and
replacing of a pane when required, it being simply necessary first to
remove the cappings which rest upon the two edges of such pane. The
"scribing" or notches in the under side of the portable capping
coincide exactly with those on the surface of the rafter, so that when
the several panes are placed in position and the capping adjusted over
them, they will be securely retained between the two surfaces.
In the case of roof sashes (see Figures 6 and 7) I attach to the bottom
rail m of the sash a strip of sheet metal n which overlaps the top
of the trimmer or cross rail o of the fixed framing (see Figure 6) and
forms a holding surface for retaining the upper edge of the panes & in
that portion of the roof below the sash; D, D', are the portable cappings,
one of which is adjusted on to the sash frame m¹ and the other on to
the rafter A, as shown clearly in Figure 7. A strip of sheet metal p is
secured to the upper surface of the two sides of the sash and overlaps
the surface of the adjoining capping (see Figure 7) so as to exclude wet,
a turned down lip on the edge of the metal strip entering a small
groove made longitudinally along the surface of the portable capping
to receive and carry off the drip. The sash and rafter are both grooved
and provided with fastenings and metal holders for the panes, precisely
in the manner and for the purposes already explained.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First. The peculiar combination and arrangement of parts for securing
panes of glass in a readily removeable manner in fixed or moveable frames

page_text: or supports, whether placed in an upright, horizontal, or inclined position,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described and illus-
trated by my Drawings.
.
Second. The "scribing" or notching the wooden or metal surfaces
upon or against which panes of glass are to be held in conjunction with
the use of metal clips or holders in such a manner as to admit of
any one or more of the panes being readily removed and replaced without
disturbing the rest, substantially as herein-before described and illus-
trated by my Drawings.
Third. The combination of the portable or removeable capping and its
fastenings with rafters, sash frames, or other frames (whether grooved or
not), provided with beddings of felt or other like soft and yielding
material for the reception of panes of glass, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Fourth. The application and use of metal clips or holders, or their
equivalent for retaining or holding the lower corners of the panes, sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Hutchins Pinder, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
THOMAS HUTCHINS PINDER. (L.S.)