matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW EYES, APPLICABLE FOR HOLDING STAIR RODS, PICTURE RINGS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Greenfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1864.
I, DANIEL GREENFIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW EYES, APPLICABLE FOR HOLDING STAIR RODS,
PICTURE RINGS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Eyes for stair rods, picture, drawer, and other rings have heretofore been
either produced by being moulded and cast with molten metal, or cut out by
an ordinary fly press and press tools from sheet metal, in each case the
shanks being screwed or threaded in the ordinary way; when produced by
casting they require filing and dressing, and in both cases dipping and
lacquering or scouring. And my improvements in the production of such
eyes consist in forming them of wire, which I effect by somewhat similar
machinery to that used in the manufacture of button shanks, using for this
purpose either round, half round, square, or other suitable form of wire. When
using round or square wire, I form the eye by bending the wire around of the
desired size, and cutting the wire off to form the shank of a suitable length,
which being screwed completes the eye, varying the size according to the
purpose for which it may be required; but when using flat or half round wire,
I purpose bonding it around that the upper part shall form the eye, while
the extended parts form the shank by the flat surfaces of the wire coming
together, and producing either the round or square, either of which are

page_text: suitable for scrowing. And when a shoulder is necessary around the neck of
the cyo at the termination of the screwing, the shank is pushed through a
short tube, ferrule, or washer, or both, the hole in either of which must fit
the outer diameter of the shank. Eyes thus formed whon made of brass
may be finished by dipping and lacquering in the usual way, but if made of
iron may be japanned, bronzod, or otherwise finished, but when requirod
large and strong, for receiving stair rods, for holding down stair carpeting, or
other purposes, I purposo in some cases forming them of iron wire, and
coating the surface of the eye part with white or other coloured enamel
which will present a clean and neat appearance.
AN IMPROVED SPRING MATTRESS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Chrysostome Désumeur at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1864.-Partly a communication from Napoleon Praxel, of
Guise, in the Department of the Aisne, France, a Mechanician.
I, JEAN CHRYSOSTOME DESUMEUR, of Guise, in the Department of the
Aisne, France, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED SPRING MATTRESS," partly a communication from
Napoleon Praxel, of Guise, in the Department of Aisne, France, a Mecha-
nician, and partly an Invention and discovery made by me, to be as follows:---
This improved spring mattress or elastic bedstead bottom consists of a
square open frame of wood or other suitable material formed by means of two
longitudinal boards connected together at each end by a cross board or bar;
over this frame are stretched lengthwise a series of straps fixed by the side of
each other, one end of each of these straps being nailed or otherwise suitably
fixed to one of the cross bars of the frame, whilst the other end is attached
to a spiral or other suitable spring fixed to the opposite cross bar. These lon-
gitudinal straps are connected and kept extended flat side by side by means of
a cross strap stretched over the entire series, or alternately passed over one
strap and under the one next following. The springs must afford the required
elasticity for the entire to form a suitable elastic bedstead bottom or spring
mattress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SLEEVE-LINKS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Orlando Winkles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1864.
I, JAMES ORLANDO WINKLES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR SLEEVE-LINKS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a secure fastening for sleeve-links,
solitaires, and other similar articles, which shall be simpler in construction and
lower in price than those kinds of fastenings now generally used. Upon one
side of a disc, or flat plate of metal, I hinge a catch, just as a brooch pin is hinged.
to a brooch, but the said catch is not constructed in a right line as is a brooch.
pin, but is bent over, so that the free end of the catch falls upon the plate of
metal to which it is hinged. The spring which is to secure the catch in its closed
position consists either of a piece of steel, brass, or german silver wire, or may
be of any other kind of metal which it may be desirable to use. The said
spring is secured at one of its extremities upon the same side of the metal plate
as that to which the catch is attached, the other or free end of the spring ter-
minating in a loop which is hung loosely round a pin or stud fixed upon the
plate. The spring is of such a shape and is so placed that its tendency is to
press against the catch and to take into a slot or groove with which the said
catch is provided. The catch is released from its closed position by the loop at

page_text: the free end of the spring being pressed either inwards or outwards (according
to the position of the spring and catch) so as to cause the spring to move out
of the slot or groove in the catch into which it has taken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY USED IN MANUFACTURING COMPRESSED FUEL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grantham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1864.
I, JOHN GRANTHAM, of 17, King's Arms Yard, Coleman Street, in the City
of London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY USED
IN MANUFACTURING COMPRESSED FUEL," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in an improved dryer required for
drying the coals before mixing the pitch, as used in making compressed fuel.
This dryer is formed by one or more large cylinders placed horizontally, and
surrounded by a brick flue, and heated by a furnace from beneath. These
cylinders by simple mechanical means are made to revolve slowly, exposing
the whole surface alternately to the fire. Inside of these cylinders and
attached to them are made spiral or inclined flanges, and at the ends are
suitable boxes, into which the cylinders are fitted, so as to allow them to
revolve while the boxes are stationary. Into one of these boxes the coal to
be dried is placed, and it is thence passed through the cylinders, being moved
forward by the spiral flanges till it reaches the box at the other end, from
which it is drawn off when dry to be taken to the mixers.
At this point commences the second part of my Invention. This consists of
what is called a traveller or elevator, placed under the boxes from which the
dry coal is drawn; it is formed of a hollow trough in which is a shaft and
a screw, which being made to revolve convey the dry coal towards the mixer.

page_text: At this point it may be necessary to add another elevator to raise the coal into
a chamber over the mixers, where the pitch or other material to be mixed
with it is applied, thus saving labor, and preventing the dust which rises
from the dry coal on its removal by the present system from the dryers to the
mixers. The traveller or elevator may be formed by an endless band having
buckets, and by other well-known mechanical contrivances.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ROOF LAMPS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Christopher Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1864.
I, DAVID CHRISTOPHER DAVIES, of Oswestry, in the County of Salop,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ROOF LAMPS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging or combining the
parts of roof lamps for railway and other carriages in the manner herein-after
explained, by which said construction and arrangement or combination of parts
the oil from the reservoir is prevented from overflowing into the glass vase
of the lamp, and a maximum amount of light from the flame diffused into the
body of the carriage. The roof lamp has externally the ordinary form. I
place the oil reservoir of the lamp on a level with or nearly on a level with the
wick holder, instead of placing the said oil reservoir above or below the wick
holder, as is usual. The said oil reservoir consists of an annular vessel
situated horizontally and concentric with the wick holder. The oil from the
reservoir is applied to the wick holder by feeding tubes on either side, the
said wick holder opening into the reservoir. The top of the reservoir is nearly,
but not quite on a level with the top of the wick holder, so that the oil from
the reservoir cannot overflow the said wick holder. Oil is supplied to the
reservoir by means of a screw feeder at the top of the reservoir. Springing
from the top of the oil reservoir is a reflector of a dome shape, the summit of

page_text: the dome-shaped reflector being open. The inner side of the oil reservoir has
a convex figure, and is made into a reflecting surface. I plate or silver the
reservoir feeding tubes and wick holder so that the light of the flame shall
be reflected by the said reservoir tubes and wick holder, in addition to the
reflection by the dome-shaped reflector above the burner or wick holder.
The glass vase forming the bottom of the lamp and the body of the lamp
are of the ordinary construction, and a current of air is supplied to the
interior of the lamp for combustion in the ordinary manner.
The base of the dame reflector is perforated so as to admit a current of air
along its inner surface, so as to prevent the said surface from being obscured
by smoke from the flame.
The essence of my Invention consists in constructing and arranging or
combining the oil reservoir and reflecting surfaces of the lamp in the manner
herein-before described,
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cockshott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1864.
I, WILLIAM COOKSHOTT, of Keighley, in the County of York, Currier, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING
THE SPINDLES OF SPINNING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
Spindles of spinning frames are ordinarily driven by bands formed of cotton
cord, which, in addition to the expense of them, are objectionable on account
of the enlargements necessarily formed at the junctions of the ends of such
bands in connecting them; such enlargements in the motions of such bands
pass round the pulleys on the spindles, causing a jerking or uneven motion to
the spindles, by which irregular spinning is obtained; and the improvements.
consist in employing for this purpose bands formed of hide, using by preference
what is called white hide. The hide is cut into narrow bands, and at one end
I form an eye, by preference metallic (oyelet), and the other end is formed
tapering to pass through such eye. And when a band thus formed is passed
around the cylinder or other means of imparting motion to the spindles and
around the pulley of the spindle I connect the ends thereof by passing the
tapered end of one end through the eye in the other end, and then upon
pulling that end tight and making a knot in it an endless band is obtained,
which, when the cutting is regular, will give an uniform motion to the
spindle.
AN IMPROVED ENDLESS-BAND BRUSH, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1864.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, Engineer, of 85, Arlington Street, New North Road,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ENDLESS-BAND BRUSH, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The first part consists of setting tufts of hair or other suitable material
upon a flexible backing, such backing being composed of cross battens of
wood or strips of metal, connected together by means of vulcanized india-
rubber or other suitable material in such a manner as to form the endless-
band backing, by which means the band is made elastic, and capable of being
expanded to a considerable extent. This endless-band brush is arranged for
and made to pass over a drum pulley, at one extremity in connection with
motive power, and to receive motion therefrom; at the other extremity it is
made to pass over one or more drum pullies.
In cases wherein only one drum pulley is applied, it is carried upon an axle
held in the hands of the operator; and in cases wherein two or more drum
pullies are applied, they are each carried upon a separate axle attached to a
frame or carriage held in the hands of the operator.
Brushes constructed as herein-before described may be applied to brushing
and cleansing human hair, skin, wearing apparel, and such like purposes.
I do not claim the endless-band brush as an entire novelty, but I do claim
for the novel arrangement and application thereof as described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY MATCH AND FUSEE BOXES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Figge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1864.
I, AUGUSTUS FIGGE, of Kensal Green, in the County of Middlesex; Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY MATCH AND FUSEE BOXES," to be as
follows:-
My said improvements consist in constructing the boxes to hold safety
matches or fusees in such a manner as to cover and protect that part of the
box which is coated with the chemically prepared igniting composition.
The boxes may be made of wood, cardboard, metal, or any other suitable
material, & be provided with a sliding receptacle to hold the matches or
fusees. To protect the chemically prepared igniting surface of the box
I cover the same by means of a flap attached to or forming part of the box,
which folds over the prepared surface and fastens on the other side by means
of a V-shaped tongue fitting into a narrow aperture in the box itself, or by any
other means, as may be found most convenient, thus effectually covering and
protecting the igniting composition on the box from wet, grease, or other
causes tending to spoil the same, and proventing any accidents accruing from
stray matches or fusees coming inadvertingly in contact with the igniting
surface of the box, a danger which the boxes at present in use are subject to.
The material used in the manufacture of these boxes may be male fireproof,

page_text: and by means of a small hole in that part of the box which folds over may be
made to hang against a wall. I do not claim any particular kind or form of
Lox, nor the igniting substance thereon; but I claim the Invention of
covering and protecting such igniting surface by the means of covering being
attacked or united to the box.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES AND MARBLED PAPERS, AND IM- PROVEMENTS IN PRESSING ROLLS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER PRESSING ROLLS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Watson Gittens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1864.
I, ALFRED WATSON GITTENS, of Hull, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES AND MARBLED PAPERS, AND IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PRESSING ROLLS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PRESSING ROLLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in subjecting photographic pictures, after being
developed, and marbled papers, to pressure between one or more heated rolls
or plates.
My improvements in pressing rolls consist in heating the upper or lower
roll by means of a spirit or other lamp extending the length of the roll; the
lamp is maintained stationary while the roll is free to revolve; this part of
my Invention also consists in raising or lowering one or other or both rolls
by means of screws which work in nuts in boxes in which the axles of the
rolls are carried.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCARFS FOR THE NECK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1864.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, one of the Managers for Dent, Allcroft, Lycett,
and Company, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
SCARFS FOR THE NECK," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to what are known as made up scarfs, that is, to those
in which the knot and ends are attached to and not formed in a piece with
the part surrounding the neck.
My Invention consists in forming the band longer than necessary for
surrounding the neck, in attaching one end of the band to the barrel or loop
of the knot, and in applying some stiffening agent, such as whalebone, to the
free end of the band. So constructed the scarf becomes self-adjusting and
fastening without a button or metal or elastic attachment while it will fit any
sized neck. The free end of the band is simply passed through the barrel of
the knot and turned down behind the ends.
A COMBINED CRINOLINE AND QUILTED' SKIRT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1864.
I, WILLIAM ROWLAND, of the firm of W. Rowland & Co., of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINED CRINOLINE AND QUILTED'
SKIRT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the combining of the ordinary "gored"
"quilted" skirts wadded and sewn in the usual way and made of any suitable
fabric, such as silk, merinos, "glaciés," alpacas, Orleans, and lamas, with tape,
braid, or other suitable fabric enclosing crinoline steel, whalebone, cane, or
other suitable flexible elastic material, so as to form when so combined a
crinoline and "quilted" skirt or petticoat in one and the same article. The
crinoline steel, whalebone, or other elastic material is affixed to the inner or
outer side, or partly on both sides of the said "gored" "quilted" skirts or
petticoats, and covered or enclosed by tape, braid, or other suitable fabric
being sewn to the said "quilted" skirts or petticoats in the same manner that
the steel or other material is affixed to the ordinary covered crinoline skirts.
THE CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sabberton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1864.
I, JAMES SABBERTON, of No. 98, Great Portland Street, of the Parish of
St. Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS," to, be as follows:-
An iron, copper, or other metal tube made in form to an acute parallelo-
gram, wide at bottom and gradually closing towards the top, creating thereby a
strong draught through the tube, which attracts and carries off all smoke past
the arch of the chimney, where cold air generally accumulates and prevents
its ascent. Upon this tube is one or more tubes made similar, all working
over one another upon one pivot, so that the various parts are opened or
closed, increasing or diminishing the draught as required. The Invention
passes two feet and upwards into the chimney, its foot resting upon the
fire-box.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS FOR CASKS AND BARRELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McElroy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1864.
I, JOHN MCELROY, of Alma Square, Stretford, in the County of Lancaster,
Book-keeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDS FOR CASKS AND BARRELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of stands
for casks and barrels, whereby the latter may be easily moved from a hori-
zontal position to one inclined therefrom at any desired angle or inversely.
That portion of the stand on which the cask or barrel immediately rests is
supported by an axle which passes through bearings in an upright frame.
Two bars are attached to the frame, one at the back and the other at the
front thereof; a bolt, with a worm or thread formed thereon, being passed
through the said bars and secured by collars at either end thereof. The said
bolt is provided with a handle, by means of which the same may be turned
round. On the thread of the bolt a nut is fitted, a bar of wood, iron, or other
suitable material being secured thereto by a hinge. The other end of the
last-mentioned bar is secured by another hinge to a convenient part of that
portion of the stand on which the cask or barrel rests, and which moves along
with it. On the handle being turned the nut traverses from one end of the
screw to the other, carrying with it the end of the bar to which it is attached,
and on the motion of the handle being reversed, the nut will then move in

page_text: the contrary direction. If in the former case the bar was inclined or nearly
horizontal, it will be brought, by turning the handle, to a perpendicular position,
or as near thereto as may be required, thus raising the cask or barrel in a
corresponding degree; while by reversing the motion of the handle, the cask
or barrel will be brought again to its original position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR BORING AND TAPPING GAS AND WATER MAINS, AND IN FITTING SERVICE PIPES THERETO
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Upward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1864.
I, ALFRED UPWARD, of the Chartered Gas Company, No. 146, Goswell
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR BORING AND TAPPING GAS AND
WATER MAINS, AND IN FITTING SERVICE PIPES THERETO," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used for
boring and tapping gas and water mains, and in fitting service pipes thereto,
and is applicable to the apparatus described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me, dated the 1st day of May 1860, No. 1094, and consists in
applying a flexible disc or cover of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable
flexible material around the cylinder, within which the drill and tap are
situated, and such flexible disc or cover has an opening through it to receive a
short piece of the junction tube, or a cylinder or instrument through which
such piece of the junction is passed; the end of such piece of the junction is
to be screwed into the hole in the main when it has been drilled and tapped,
the cylinder and other parts of the apparatus being then moved a distance
so as to bring the short length of junction tube into position to be screwed
into the tapped hole, the disc or covering of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable flexible material preventing any escape from the main.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Winton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1864.
I, PETER WINTON, of Thorn, near Falkirk, in the County of Stirling,
North Britain, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention of improvements in reaping machines relates more particu-
larly to the parts of such machines concerned in the laying over of the crop to
the cutters and in the delivering of the cut crop.
In a machine made with the improvements the driving wheel and gearing
for giving motion to the cutter bar are arranged at one side in the usual
manner. Two blades or paddles for laying over the crop and two rakes for
delivering it are attached to arms fixed upon a single shaft, and this shaft is
mounted in an inclined position, the blades and rakes being set on their arms
with corresponding inclinations, so that at the lower part of their circular
traverse they become horizontal or nearly so. The inclined shaft is connected
by a universal joint to a shaft which is driven by suitable gearing from the
main driving shaft, the universal joint being of the well-known simple kind in
which a central ball or cross is connected to one shaft by a pair of dia-
metrically opposite joint pins which are at right angles to another pair of joint
pins connecting it to the other shaft. It is a well-known property of this
joint that if the motion of the driving shaft is uniform that of the driven shaft

page_text: varies regularly round the circle, and it is to take advantage of this property
that the joint is used in this case, the rakes being fixed in such positions
relatively to the joint as that each moves more quickly when commencing to
act on the cut crop, and more slowly when it has raked it off the platform and
should drop it. With this varying motion the delivery is effected in a very
satisfactory manner and the entire arrangement is simple and effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION FOR RAILWAY TRAVELLERS WITH THE GUARD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Score and Robert William
Sievier, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th November 1864.
We, GEORGE SCORE, of 28, Clarendon Gardens, Maida Hill, and ROBERT
WILLIAM SIEVIER, of 33, Soho Square, both in the County of Middlesex, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION FOR RAILWAY TRAVELLERS WITH THE GUARD," to be as.
follows:-
Our Invention consists in placing a machine on the outside of the carriage,.
which machine indicates by a whistle the carriage to which attention is.
required.
The first part of our Invention is the placing of a hollow cone or funnel,.
made of metal or any suitable material, on the side or top of the carriage; at
the apex of this cone is placed a whistle, so that the air rushing down the
funnel will cause it to sound; this cone has placed at either of the open ends.
a flap or stop made of metal, which is held up by a pin when the sound of
the whistle is not required; from the pin which holds up the flap or stop,
wires or cords are attached one leading to each compartment, so that any
passenger by pulling them may withdraw the pin so that the flap or stop may
full, and immediately the whistle will act by the carriage passing through the.
air, which is collected by the mouth of the funnel.
The second part of our Invention consists in placing on one or both ends.
of a shaft or rod a series of fans or vanes attached to a boss, the vanes or fans

page_text: to be something similar in form to those placed on a six or eight sailed_wind-
mill. The shaft is fixed horizontally on the carriage by brackets or supports
in which the shaft can easily revolve; in the middle of this shaft I fix a rod, to
the end of which is attached a short chain connected to a ball of metal or
hard wood; above this shaft is attached a bell in such a manner that each
revolution of the shaft shall cause the ball to strike it. The fans or vanes
are held steady by a bolt when not required to move round to strike the bell
as stated, and the bolt has a communication to each compartment by a wire
or cord in the same manner as described for the conc, so that when the wire
or string is pulled, the bolt is withdrawn and the fans set at liberty to move,
and being acted upon by the carriage passing through the atmosphere an
alarm is given by the bell. In case the cones or funnels are used, two will be
required to each carriage so that it may travel in either direction to produce
the effect desired; not so with the fans or vanes as they will act either way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Charles Hemming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
August 1864.
I, SAMUEL CHARLES HEMMING, of Moorgate Street, E.C., do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY
OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
and in any of the well-
corrugated iron in the
other parts of the per-
Instead of constructing railway sleepers of wood
known shapes or forms, and instead of employing
manner heretofore employed or combined with the
manent way of railways, I employ a piece or sheet of corrugated metal which
is arched or curved upwards, and the length of the arch being in the direction
of the length of the rails, and upon the crown of the arch thus formed the
chair for receiving and securing the rails is attached, and I form or corrugate
the under surface. of the chairs to suit the corrugations on the exterior surface
of the curved sleeper plates, the two arches being placed transversely to the
line of rails. The ends of the curved corrugated sleeper plates are received in
and retained by pieces of angle iron forming "shoe pieces," which are in turn
tied together by angle iron or other suitable connecting pieces. The sleepers
and their chairs thus combined are secured together by a tie rod, which, by
preference, I introduce under the crown of each corrugated sleeper, such

page_text: tie rod being secured to each corrugated sleeper by the holding-down bolts of
the chair, which are thus made to pass through and secure together the chair,
sleeper, and the tie rod or bar. By this Invention durability, portability,
elasticity, and cheapness are combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CATCHES OR FASTENERS, WHICH MAY BE ADAPTED TO PORTABLE OR POCKET INK BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cooke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1864.
I, JOHN COOKE, of the Firm of John Cooke and Sons, of 84, Cannon
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CATCHES OR FASTENERS, WHICH MAY BE
ADAPTED TO PORTABLE OR POCKET INK BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
Portable ink bottles according to the present mode of manufacture are
liable to spring open on receiving any accidental pressure on the hasp or catch;
the object of my Invention is to remedy this so that the bottle may be placed
in the pocket without danger.
My improvements consist in the use of an additional catch or fastener so
arranged and constructed as to lock with that on the ink bottle or box, and
thus prevent its becoming accidentally opened. The usual aperture made for
the reception of the hasp, such as is in use on the ink bottles at present
manufactured, I cause to be carried right through the lid of the box, and it is
up and down this opening, which is made smaller on the outside than the in
so as to retain the fastener in its proper position, that my system of catch is
applied.
In order to open the box or ink bottle, by a gentle and upward pressure of

page_text: the thumb the fastener is raised from the lid, and then the box or ink bottle
can be opened in the usual way by pressing on the hasp. When the box is
closed, by gently pressing down the fastener the box becomes locked.
The above arrangement can be equally applied to purses or portemonnaies,
and other similar articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Henry Bickés at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
November 1864.
I, FRANÇOIS HENRY BICKÉS, of No. 10, Rue des Messageries, Paris,
in the Empire of, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to the construction of an improved apparatus for
distilling, and consists of boilers superposed one on another as herein-after
described. Hitherto distillation at a low temperature has not been effected,
hence the difficulty of preventing decomposition so prejudicial to aromatics,
such as the essential oils, wines, fruit, and other similar productions.
By my Invention the distillation can be performed with an open fire or by
steam, in either case the condensation commences at the temperature of 88°
to 100° Fahrenheit, and is in full operation at about 122°.
The arrangements of the apparatus are as follows:-On the first steam
boiler is superposed a second steam boiler or even more; the same fire serving
for the evaporation for all the apparatus. The upper boiler is of the same
construction as the lower one with the exception that the bottom of the latter
is flat where the liquid is placed for distilling, whereas the former is of a
pyramidial form and serves as a condensator. The vapours are immediately
condensed without being forced by the fire as they rise above the surface of

page_text: the liquid, where they meet the large condenser in the inverted pyramid and
the four sides of the apparatus. The liquid thus condensed in the interior
of the apparatus runs into small channels and funnels and egresses from
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING BANDS AND CHAINS, AND IN THE METHOD OF PIECING, CONNECTING, OR REPAIRING THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Allen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1864.
I, EDWIN ALLEN, of Radcliffe Hall, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING
BANDS AND CHAINS, AND IN THE METHOD OF PIECING, CONNECTING, OR REPAIRING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I make the driving chain of a number of metal hinges, one part made with
the rod or bar part of the hinge perfect and stationary, and the counterpart
with a hooked or turned part to fit on the rod or bar in one or more parts or
partitions, so that when these two parts are hooked together it will form a
continuous chain or metal band.
For piecing or connecting driving bands made of leather or other material
I use the same hinges, but in addition I fix to each part or half of the hinge
any convenient number of spikes or projections placed at such angles that the
pressure or stretch will always act with them. I then fix each half of the
hinge to the ends of the strap to be connected, and then hook the two parts
together, forming a perfect joint or connection without the use of thongs or
other contrivance to join them.
It is also evident that by making these hinges with several hooks and bars
the band can be lengthened or shortened at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTENDING SKIRTS OR CRINOLINES
Year: 1864

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1864.
I, CHARLES HOCHGESANGT, of Newton Road, Westbourne Grove, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTENDING SKIRTS OR CRINOLINES," to be
as follows:-
My improvements in extending skirts or crinolines consist in the application
of a particular kind of spring, for the purpose of extending those articles,.
in lieu of the flat metal hoops usually employed.
For this purpose I prepare the spring hoops of metal wire coiled in the
form of a helical coil, which helical coil I form into a hoop by uniting the
ends, such hoop forming one of the extending hoops of the skirt, and I in-
troduce as many of such helical coil hoops in the skirt as may be desired.
Hoops made in this form are more flexible than flat steel hoops, are not so
liable to break, and skirts so made will possess an elasticity and grace not
otherwise to be attained.
Steel, iron, brass, or other metal wire may be used for the purpose, which
is coiled in a helical coil, say a quarter of an inch in diameter, more or less;
or instead of being cylindrical, it may be oval in its cross section, or of other

page_text: suitable shape; the several coils in either case being disposed more or less
closely together as may be found most convenient for the purpose.
These distending hoops may be placed in casings like the ordinary stee!
hoops, or attached to the skirt by loops, or formed into a skeleton skirt of
somewhat the usual appearance.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC CLIPS FOR PERMANENTLY OR TEMPORARILY BINDING OR HOLDING TOGETHER MANUSCRIPTS, PAPERS, PAMPHLETS, OR FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jenkins, James Jenkins,
Fredrick Jenkins, and Samuel Jenkins at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th June 1864.
We, HENRY JENKINS, JAMES JENKINS, FREDRICK JENKINS, and SAMUEL
JENKINS, trading under the Style or Firm of Henry Jenkins and Sons,
General Stampers and Piercers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC CLIPS FOR PERMANENTLY OR TEMPORARILY BINDING OR HOLDING
TOGETHER MANUSCRIPTS, PAPERS, PAMPHLETS, OR FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be
as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements in the manufacture of metallic clips for the uses and
object named in the title are to economise the material as also the cost of
production by reducing one or more of the operations necessary in their
production, and to render them strong and efficient in use, whether made of
one or two pieces of inetal; we effect this by cutting from flat sheet metal,
and by means of suitable press tools, a piece somewhat in the form of a T or
its equivalent; the lower portion or shank we divide vertically through the
middle, so that by bending this part at right angles with the top the clip is
fit for use, and by passing the split part through the papers to be held, and
bending the shanks in opposite directions at right angles to the head or part
on the other side of the papers, the same will be securely held; and although
we purpose modifying this, and in some instances making the shank and the
head or top plate of two pieces of metal, nevertheless we purpose when in use

page_text: for the shanks to be turned at right angles to the said head; this may be done
by cutting a piece of metal of a rectangular form recessed out in the middle
for the shank to surround and clip, thereby uniting the two parts together,
and to be used as before described; or one or two slots may be formed in the
middle, parallel with its length, of the said rectangular or other suitably-shaped
head or top part, through which the shank in a double or single form may be
passed, and which said top may be vandyked on its edge or plain, or .orna-
mented with any suitable design on its top side.
And as another modification still possessing the same quality we purpose
forming the clip with the rectangular head, and the shanks projecting out at
right angles, which being bent into the form of a T, completes the clip before
application.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF EFFECTING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chubb and Solomon Fry
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 15th September 1864.
We, WILLIAM CHUBB and SOLOMON FRY, both of Clifton, Bristol, in the
County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF EFFECTING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINE DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in effecting communication
between passengers, guards, and drivers of railway trains, with the view of
preventing to some extent accidents and outrages.
The apparatus consists of a tube made of zinc or other metal, about an
inch and a half in diameter, which is to be fixed on the top of the carriage or
underneath the projection over the doorway, with an india-rubber or other
flexible tube, with suitable fastenings attached at each end of the main tube
sufficiently long to meet the couplings of the carriages, thereby forming a
continuous main tube. A short branch tube is to be carried from the main
to each compartment of the carriages, with a mouthpiece, fitted with a slide
or spring, so as to close it when not in use. The main tube is to be extended
to the guard, and a separate tube from the guard to the engine driver, with
whistles, is to be affixed thereto. Each flexible tube is to be made to fasten

page_text: on the back panel of the last carringe. Attached is a signal, which may be
colored board or piece of metal, shewing the number of the carriago where
the guard's attention is required. The signal is placed on the outside of the
carriage, and is connected with the mouthpiece, so that when the alarm is
given the number of the carriage is shown for the guard's information.
This Invention dispenses with stop-cocks in the tubes, except one stopper
in the last carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF ORNAMENTAL PAPER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1864. A communication from Emile Ernest Allard, residing at
Rue de Chazelle, Paris.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38; Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF ORNAMENTAL PAPER," communicated to me by Emile
Ernest Allard, a person residing at Rue de Chazelle, Paris, aforesaid, to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying mother-of-pearl to 'velvet' papers.
The shells are prepared by being placed on a grating an inch or two above a
fire, and allowed to heat thoroughly. About 5 or 10 minutes after, when the
pearl begins to crack; the shells are removed and plunged in cold water. The
shells are next ground and sifted; this powder is applied to the paper in the
usual way by the process employed for "velveting" paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS BY THE ADDITION OF ONE OR MORE REEDS TO THE ORDINARY REED TO FACILITATE THE DIVISION OF THE WARP DURING THE WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Taconet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1864.
I, EMILE TACONET, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS BY THE ADDITION OF ONE OR MORE REEDS TO THE
ORDINARY REED TO FACILITATE THE DIVISION OF THE WARP DURING THE WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
By means of the dividing reed the warp, no matter what quantity may be
used in a fabric, ceases to be an obstacle to the working of the loom. It often
happens that fabrics are made with 3, 4, 5, and 6 warp threads in one reed,
dent, or tooth; this multiplicity of threads brought together, catching the one
in the other, clogs the weaver's work and produces but an indifferent quality
of fabric. To obviate these defects I adapt to the batten or lay carrying the
ordinary reed, a second, and if needful several reeds, intended to divide the
warp threads before they pass into the batten reed. Supposing 4 threads
to a dent of the beating reed, I cause two to pass in each dent or tooth of the
dividing reed, and in this way the fabric is as easily woven as if it were made
with two threads to the dent. This arrangement is as easily applied to the
power as to the hand loom, and to all sorts of warps, silken, woollen, cotton, flax,
threads, or others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Richard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1864.
I, THEODOBE RICHARD, of Dusseldorf, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in an arrangement of covered or enclosed stove,
whereby two or more rooms may be warmed and ventilated at the same time.
The stove, which may be of the ordinary circular form, is surrounded with a
close cover or enclosure, between which and the stove air circulates; by
preference the stove is placed against or between the walls. For each room
it is desired to warm and ventilate, an opening is provided at the upper and
another at the lower part of the cover, in order that the air in the cover or
enclosure may be put into communication with the air in the room separately
at the upper and lower openings. These openings are provided with doors,
registers, or valves, capable of being more or less closed, whereby either or all.
of the rooms may be ventilated and warmed at a time, as desired, and by
which means the temperature of a room may be regulated as required. The
stove may be supplied with fuel from one or more rooms, and for this purpose
doors opening into the interior or exterior of the cover are provided at those
parts where it is desired to attend to the fire. In some cases one part only
of the stove is enclosed by the cover, whilst the other part projects therefrom;
a stove so arranged is placed with that part which is enclosed by the cover in

page_text: one room (or in communication therewith); the other or unenclosed part
being placed in another room; by this arrangement the warming of the room,
in which the unenclosed part of the stove is placed, could not be prevented, nor
could this part assist in warming another room. To protect the cover from
the fire, screens or a second cover may be employed, whereby ornamental
covers of various materials may be used; and in order to obtain the greatest
amount of economy possible in the use of fuel, the flue may be coiled around
the interior of the cover. The openings communicating between the different
rooms and the cover may be ornamented in any desired manner.
In carrying out these improvements, most of the stoves now in use may be
employed.