matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FRINGING SILK AND OTHER LIKE TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Mogg Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1878.
ARTHUR MOGO BROWN, of Saville Place, in the City of Dublin, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FRINGING SILK AND OTHER
LIKE TEXTILE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to an improved and simplified construction & arrange-
ment of apparatus for flossing or fringing silk and other like textile fabrics, &
consists of a holder containing any desired number of needles disposed radially at
equal distances round its circumference, which needles may be of various kinds, as,
for example, flat pointed, forked, or conical, the said holder being rotated by a
treadle or otherwise, thereby causing the needles to pass through the edge of the
fabric to be fringed, and so to separate the threads of silk or other material as to
form a floss or fringe.
The material to be fringed is drawn directly by the hand of the operator (who
has both hands at liberty) across the path of rotation of the radial needles (that is
to say, at right angles to their course), & hence I obviate the necessity for the use
of any special mechanical feeding device and all gearing attendant thereon, thus
greatly reducing the cost of the machine. If desired an automatic feeding devico
may be combined therewith.
The depth of the fringe is regulated by an adjustable guide worked by a thumb-
screw, and the revolving radial needles or fringing instruments are almost entirely
covered or protected by a small box or guard placed over the holder. As the needles
are long & flexible all risk of cutting & breaking the threads is avoided.
My improved machine may either be secured to a table or to any ordinary sewing
machine frame or support, as found most convenient.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BOX OR CABINET FOR CONTAINING SILKS, BRAIDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Whyte at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
DAVID WHYTE, of the Firm of Whyte Brothers, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "A NEW OR IMPROVED BOX OR CABINET FOR CONTAINING
SILKS, BRAIDS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OR MATERIALS."
This Invention relates to a new or improved box or cabinet for containing legee
and silk twists, silk and mohair braids, and other similar articles or materials, the
said box or cabinet being especially suited for use for clothiers and drapers in houses
or shops where a great number of kinds of silks, braids, or other similar materials
are constantly required to be removed.
According to this Invention the box or cabinet is divided into a number of
drawers or compartments; each drawer or compartment is provided at its sides with
a number of sockets or rests, upon which are carried spindles having bobbins
mounted thereon, and between the bobbins are fixed guide pieces; in the front of
each drawer are slits or holes, one for each bobbin contained in the drawer. The
silks, braids, or other materials or articles upon the bobbins are led from the
bobbins over the guides, and out to the exterior of the box or cabinet, each of the
holes or slits being marked with a mark signifying the quality or size of silk, braid,
or other material or articles which passes therethrough.
The cabinet may contain any desired number of drawers, and each drawer may
hold any desired number of bobbins. Each of the drawers may contain a different
quality or kind of material or article, and the bobbins of any particular drawer
may hold different sizes or colours of the articles or material contained in the
drawer; or other division, by means of the drawers, and sub-division by means of
the bobbins in the drawers may be employed, as may be found most convenient.
Any particular size, quality, or colour of silk, braid, or other material can thus
be readily distinguished from others, and removed from the cabinet by pulling the
end hanging from any particular hole in the front of the cabinet, and this without
the necessity for opening the drawers or removing the bobbins from their place.
IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR CORNS, BUNIONS, ABRASIONS, OR PROTUBERANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1878.
" AN
MATTHEW WILSON, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR CORNS, BUNIONS, ABRASIONS, OR PROTUBERANCES."
This Invention consists of an improved appliance for corns, bunions, abrasions, or
protuberances, whereby a boot or shoe can be worn without pain to the wearer
from any of the above causes.
The appliance consists of an elastic band made of india-rubber (vulcanized pre-
ferred) on the top of which is a hole, and over this hole I place a small receptacle or
cap; the receptacle or cap will be made to a size corresponding to the band, and for
the particular purposes to which it is to be applied. This combined band and cap
will be cast in suitable moulds in a similar manner to that employed in the manu-
facture of india-rubber toys.
In the case of corns, the wearer will draw the elastic band over the toe or other
part till the hole is exactly over the corn, the crown of the corn will then be
received in the cap or receptacle before mentioned; by this means all friction is
avoided, and by reason of the elasticity of the material it can be compressed into a
very small space and cause little or no inconvenience to the wearer.
The same mode of applying my Invention is applicable to cases of bunions, or
where by friction, accident, or otherwise an abrasion of the skin has occurred, and
which will effectually protect the sore or tender part from injury, and the same
with all kinds of protuberances on the foot.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fielden and Enoch Fielden at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1878.
WILLIAM FIELDEN and ENOCH FIELDEN, both of Todmorden, in the County of
Lancaster. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Our Invention relates to the picking apparatus of power looms, and has for
its object to lessen the strain upon the picking bands and other parts of the
apparatus.
In the loom as ordinarily constructed the movement of each picking arın is
arrested at the completion of its stroke by preventing the further movement of the
picker.
According to our Invention we employ a buffer to arrest the movement of the
arm which is acted upon by the picking tappet. Any suitable description of buffer
may be used, but we have found a block, bar, or piece of wood to answer the purpose.
We fix the wooden buffer to the loom side in such a manner as that the bowl on the
said arm shall strike the buffer immediately after the nose of the tappet has passed
the said bowl. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS Sus- PENDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Manning Knight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1878.
HENRY MANNING KNIGHT, of the Firm of Henry Knight and Company, of Love
Lane, Wood Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS Sus-
PENDERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in dress suspenders in which the dress is
held between mechanical parts which act as spring clips. For this purpose to the
ends of a bent plate or wire frame links are connected in such manner that when
depressed in the centre they sink into the hollow of the bent plate or frame, and
thus hold the dress between them.
A lever (or levers) is arranged in combination with the links to release the dress
when required.
Links or rings are applied to the holder for suspending it by a cord or cords.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON OR OTHER METAL BEDSTEADS & CHILDREN'S COTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1878.
JOHN WILLIAM JONES, of Southampton, in the County of Hants. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN IRON OR OTHER METAL BEDSTEADS & CHILDREN'S COTS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of iron or other metal
bedsteads and children's cots, whereby they can be diminished in width to ac-
comodate one or more persons as required.
It consists in forming the ends of the top and bottom transverse bars of the bed-
stead with slots or sockets, in which slide bars or pieces fixed to and projecting
from the inside of the posts or legs of the bedstead.
The iron or other slats for supporting the mattress, instead of being buttoned or
secured directly to the side bars of the bedstead, as is usually the case, are formed
at their ends with slots corresponding in length to those above-named, and working
over pins or buttons attached to short bars or pieces fixed to the side bars and
projecting therefrom on their insides. These pins or buttons prevent the bedstead
being pulled out too far, as hereafter described.
Sockets are also made in the ends of the upper bars of the head and foot frames
to the bedstead, and into these sockets are inserted corresponding bars or pieces
projecting from the tops of the posts.
Across the middle of the bedstead, between the two side bars is a stretcher bar,
formed at one end with a tapped socket, in which is screwed a stud or bolt passing
through the side bar and formed with a head on the outside.
Intermediate legs may be used, if desired, to support the top and bottom trans-
verse bars of the bedstead.
When the several projecting bars or pieces of the posts and side bars are closed
up to their full extent in the respective slots or sockets described, and the screw at
the end of the middle stretcher bar tightened against the outside of the side bar,
the bedstead will be in the narrowest form.
If it is required to increase the width of the bedstead, the bolt or stud at the end
of the stretcher bar is unscrewed, and the side bars and posts with their projecting

page_text: bars or pieces are pulled out to the partial or full extent of their respective slots or
sockets, according to the width of the bed required.
The bedstead is prevented from being pulled out too far by the pins or buttons
before described coming against the ends of their respective slots.
Specially constructed mattress with divided and hinged sides are used for this 5
Invention, which may also be applied to wooden bedsteads of every description.
This Invention is admirably adapted for use in hotels and lodging houses.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE DIALS AND SCALES OF WATCHES, CLOCKS, BAROMETERS, THERMOMETERS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1878. A communication
from abroad by Henri Bertrand Némitz, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE DIALS AND SCALES OF WATCHES, CLOCKS,
BAROMETERS, THERMOMETERS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS." [A communication from
abroad by Henri Bertrand Némitz, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to self-luminous dials, plates, or surfaces bearing or affording
certain indications, including watch, clock, and other dials and hands, compass
cards and needles, and the scales of thermometers, barometers, gauges, and other
instruments which may require to be consulted at night time or in dark situations.
By this Invention the indications of said dials, plates, or scales may be read off
without the aid of any other light.
I take a plate of glass or other transparent material on which are painted or
otherwise marked on the front or back thereof the divisions, figures, words, letters,
and other inscriptions, ornamentations, and accessories, representing hours, minutes,
or other indications required to be furnished, according to the purpose for which
the dial, plate, or scale is to be used. On the back of this plate (or on the front of
another plate of glass or any other suitable material applied behind the dial or other
plate bearing the said indications, and cemented or otherwise attached or fitted
thereto), I apply with a brush or otherwise a coat composed of a mixture with spirit
or other suitable varnish of various bodies known as phosphorescent salts, and which
are the mono-sulphides of various metals, such as uranium, calcium, barium,
magnesium, aluminium, strontium, and others, but I do not limit myself to the use of
these phosphorescent salts, but reserve the right to use any other substance capable
of producing the same phenomena, that is to say, of emitting in darkness light
which has been stored up, so to speak, during a previous exposure to light.
The luminous appearance which the dial or plate presents in the dark (after
having been previously exposed to light) has the effect of bringing out in strong
relief the opaque divisions, figures, or other indications marked on the dial, as well
as the hands or other movable index of the instrument.

page_text: Instead of the divisions, figures, words, and other indications on the dial or plate
being opaque and the rest of the dial or plate luminous, the reverse, arrangement
may be adopted; that is to say, the whole of the dial or plate may be rendered
opaque except the divisions, figures, and other indications, which as well as the
hands or other index of the instrument would be rendered self-luminous, as above 5
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR MOVING RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE 'PINCH BARS' ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Giles and George Gorst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1878.
ALFRED GILES, of Northwich, and GEORGE GORST, of Marston, both in the
County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR
MOVING RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE 'PINCH
BARS' ARE APPLICABLE."
This Invention consists in a new form of "pinch bar" and to its action. Instead
of (as in ordinary pinch bars) having to place a fulcrum on the line we construct a
fulcrum attached to the pinch bar. The pinch bar too has a strong heel working
in a socket or hollow on the shoe. The shoe is prevented from falling from the
bar by means of a bolt or pin on the pinch bar working in a slot in the lugs of the
shoe. Thus, while giving freedom of motion to the heel or knife edge of the pinch
bar on the hollow of the shoe, the latter is held to the bar.
In one respect our Invention differs from an ordinary toggle, namely, there is no
weight whatever on the pin or bolt. The latter is solely used to keep the two
united. Slotting the shoe is better than slotting the bar, but the latter would also
work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PURIFYERS OR SCRUBBERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nesham Kirkham and
Samuel Chandler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
June 1878.
THOMAS NESHAM KIRKHAM, of 21, Abingdon Street, Westminster, C.E., Gas
Engineer, and SAMUEL CHANDLER, of 104, Newington Causeway, Surrey, Gas Fitter.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PURIFYERS OR SCRUBBERS."
A common form of gas purifyer or scrubber used in gas works consists of a vossel
filled with layers or strata of porous or rough substances, such as coke, stone,
earthenware, and similar matters. A stream of water from above is caused to fall
down upon and percolate through these strata, while the gas is caused to ascend
from below and to filter through the strata, coming in contact while so doing with
the streain of water, which, from its affinity for ammonia and the other impurities
always brought over with carburetted hydrogen gas, washes or scrubs the gas
from many of its impurities; but in practice it is found that the porous materials
used for making the strata or layers for filtering the gas retain some of the tar and
other impurities.
Now the object of our Invention is to remedy these defects in the scrubbor, and
to economize the size of the vessel, and thus cheapen the cost, and our Invention
consists of making layers or strata in scrubbers or washers of non-porous materials,
preferably of glass, or of substances coated with a vitreous matter, and of a spheroidal,
globular, or oval shape.
By the adoption of an uniform regular shape in these scrubbing materials, say,
the globular, the area of the space of the beds or strata of filtering materials may
be decreased in the ratio of one-third, which effects a great saving in the cost of the
scrubbing vessel, and in the cost of the materials used therein.
Our Invention is applicable to the horizontal as well as to the vertical form of
washer or scrubber.
When the horizontal form is used our spheroidal scrubbing materials may be
placed in a cage or drum, and revolved in a vessel or vessels containing water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CATCHING DROPS OF LIQUID FROM THE SPOUTS OF TAPS, VALVES, AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Powell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1878.
RICHARD POWELL, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CATCHING DROPS OF LIQUID FROM THE SPOUTS OF
TAPS, VALVES, AND OTHER OBJECTS."
The object of this Invention is to construct and apply suitable apparatus for
catching drops or drippings of any liquid from the spouts or outlets of taps, valves,
and other objects containing or conveying liquids. For this purpose I make use of
a small cup or basin made of any suitable metal or other material, and I attach this
cup to the spout or body of the object to which it is to be applied by means of
suitable arms or other connections, and in such a manner that the cup can be
pushed or turned or swung out of the way, or displaced from its position under the
liquid outlet, when it is desired to draw off the same.
As applied for instance to a seltzogene, I prefer to form the cup with two curved
arms or branches, which fit easily round the mount or neck of the bottle; when it
is desired to draw off the liquid the drop catcher is turned out of the way.
As applied to a tap, I may connect the drop catcher to the body of the tap, or by
preference to the plug, either at the top or crutch part or at the bottom part, and in
such a way that the turning of the tap for opening it automatically turns the drop
catcher out of the way, but so that it is quite out of the way before the tap begins
to open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKET BOXES FOR CONTAINING MATCHES, PENS, PILLS, AND SIMILAR SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Théophile Lyon Alemand at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1878.
THEOPHILE LYON ALEMAND, of Pentonville Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKET BOXES FOR CONTAINING MATCHES, PENS,
PILLS, AND SIMILAR SMALL ARTICLES."
The improved box forming the subject of the present Invention is intended to
facilitate the removal of the above-named articles without taking off the lid, the
feature of novelty in the Invention being the peculiar construction of the box,
which is made of some suitable metal; it is circular in form and convex on either
surface, and consists of two parts, one of which has its edge slightly turned up,
forming a kind of spring groove for the reception of the other portion, in which
this latter can revolve.
In each convex plate forming the box a notch is cut, so that when these two
notches are brought face to face they form an aperture, through which the matches
or other articles therein contained can pass when the box is slightly shaken.
According to the applications of the box one of the parts may have one or more
internal partitions, and in the space comprised between theso the matches or other
articles are placed, so as to keep them perpendicular to the opening, and so prevent
them crossing it.
In the latter case a small denticulated notch is made inside on the upper part,
so as to catch hold of the partitions or one of them when the two notches como
face to face, so as to keep them so.
If there are no partitions a small notch must also be made in the under part, so
as to take the place of the partitions for the same purpose, as before specified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ANHYDRITE OF SUL- PHURIC ACID AND OF THE CONCENTRATED SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Majert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1878.
WILHELM MAJERT, of the Firm of Majert and Co., of Bahnhof-Schlebusch,
Germany.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ANHYDRITE OF SUL-
PHURIC ACID AND OF THE CONCENTRATED SULPHURIC ACID."
These improvements consist chiefly in the manipulations of the retorts, their
disposition and composition, and in the manufacture of the anhydrite of sulphuric
acid.
In arranging the retorts which are used for the splitting up of sulphuric acid, we
set the unburnt retorts in the furnace, and afterwards fire the furnace; or we take
retorte brought at least to red heat, and put them in the heat furnace. In the
latter manner we recover the being spoilt retorts.
The aeriform products arising from the decomposition we draw off by channels
situated in the bottom of the furnace, and leading therefrom either across one or more
heat retorts, or directly to the refrigerators by a tube for leading away the gases.
To save the retorts we place a second retort inside the retort of decomposition, and
in this second retort the sulphuric acid (which must be split up) firstly enters by
an inlet tube suitably arranged above the inner retort.
The liquid obtained by the refrigeration of the gases coming out of the retorts of
decomposition contains much sulphurous acid, and by making this liquid hot we
liberate the sulphurous acid, and lead it back again to the mixing of gas SO2 + 0.
The contact action we manage in iron or copper vessels in lieu of the clay vessels
hitherto used, and to ensure the stoechiometrical proportion SO2 + O we take oxyd
of copper or iron or of chromium, or mixings of these oxyds, one with another, in
lieu of platinum or asbestos hitherto used.
The mixing of gas SO2 + O escaped of the contact action, after taking from it
the anhydrite, will be brought anew in contact with the substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DERRICK AND OTHER JIB CRANES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Cameron at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1878.
HUGH CAMERON, sole Partner of the Firm of D. Cameron and Company, of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Crane Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DERRICK AND OTHER JIB CRANES."
The nature and novelty of this Invention consist in the constructing of jib or
derrick cranes with the chain pulleys at the upper ends of their jibs or derricks,
and the top of the uprights or swivelling frames carrying the gearing of the crane,
of the pitch or recessed form or construction round their grooved perimeter or
circumference to fit and receive the links of the lifting chain as they pass round
over these pulleys, that is, so that the side links or the edge links, or both of them,
may rest solidly in recesses made to fit them with very little play or slip; and also
in making the pulleys in the lifting hook block, when these are used, in the same
pitched or recessed manner to fit the links of the lifting chain, all which has the
effect of saving much wear and tear of crane chains and their pulleys at the part
where the greatest strain and motion of the links take place, thus enabling these
chains to last much longer and be less liable to break than they are at present by
the action of the straight links passing over the plain round-grooved pulleys hereto-
fore used for these parts and chains of cranes.
These improvements are applicable to the ordinary chain barrel cranes, or to
those with the pitch chain pulley barrel with long or continuous chains deposited
below the hoisting barrel and gearing instead of on the barrel, as most commonly
employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PROCESS OF TREATING MINERALS OR ORES CONTAINING GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, AND COBALT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1878. A communication
from abroad by Alexis Drouin and Joseph de Baxeres de Torres, both of
Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PROCESS OF TREATING MINERALS OR ORES CONTAINING GOLD,
SILVER, COPPER, AND COBALT.” A communication from abroad by Alexis Drouin
and Joseph de Baxeres de Torres, both of Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain.
This Invention has for its object the more economical recovery of gold, silver,
copper, and cobalt from all minerals or ores containing same; and consists in
reducing such ores to powder, and in the addition to such pulverised mineral or
ore of an acidulated solution, either hot or cold, of marine salt, in order to obtain
the chlorides of such metals.
Also in the use of binoxide of manganese with the object of facilitating the
dissolution of the chlorides.
The quantities of materials composing the solution will vary with the quantity
and richness of the ores treated.
The Invention can be performed by crushing the ores in any convenient stamping
machine, and then treating the resultant powder in a cask or casks with double
sides and bottoms, covered with cloth, which serves as a filter. The pulverised ore
is placed in the inner and upper part of the cask, where it is held in suspension in
the solution, and stirred therein by hand or machinery.
It is sometimes convenient to add more water to the solution, especially if the
metal is mixed with tenacious earths or matters.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN NECK TIES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bosville John Mills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1878.
BOSVILLE JOHN MILLS, of the Firm of Bosville Mills and Company, of Nichol
Square, in the City of London, Manufacturers of Ties and Cravats. "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN NECK TIES."
tie,
My Invention relates to a metal clasp to be applied to a so-called "Windsor "
(i.e., a tie not made up) the said clasp being of the form of the "barrel" portion of
a sailor's knot, and covered with materials similar to that of which the tie is made,
so that it serves at once to secure the tie round the neck of the wearer, and to
cause a plain Windsor tie to present the appearance of a made-up sailor's knot
without the trouble of tying it or making it up.
The clasp is made of sheet metal and in three pieces, a front or central piece, and
two flaps hinged to either side of the front portion by a pair of spring hinges,
these three pieces being stamped out and bent to the form of the barrel of a sailor's
knot,
When the clasp is applied to a tie, the latter is embraced between the central or
front portion and the flaps which fold behind the tie, the effect of the spring joint
being to keep the flaps closed so as to grip the tie sufficiently to retain the clasp in
position.
The chief advantage of this Invention is that the tie may be worn for a con-
siderable longer time than the ties at present in use, as the clasp takes the place of
that portion of a tie, viz., the barrel, which is most apt to be frayed by the collar
or soiled by the beard of the wearer, and when the fabric covering the clasp is worn
or soiled, it can readily be covered anew.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WELDING OF FLAPS ON ARMS OR AXLES FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Colbourn and Walter
Somers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October
1878.
WILLIAM RICHARD COLBOURN and WALTER SOMERS, of Halesowen, in the County
of Worcester, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WELDING OF FLAPS ON
ARMS OR AXLES FOR VEHICLES."
Our improvements consist in welding the flaps on at the same time as the arm is
being forged. This may be effected without an extra heat, the flap being first
stamped from bar iron into the shape it is required, sufficient metal being left to
allow for heating the arın being moulded from a bloom in the ordinary way, but
extra metal is left where the flap is welded on, and this is also stamped in a tool so
as to make it the proper shape to receive the flap, which is then laid across the
arm in its proper position, and when heated is stamped in a tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Duffield and Isaac Best
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1878.
CHRISTOPHER DUFFIELD, Machine Wool Comber, and ISAAC BEST, Combing Over-
looker, both of Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBING
MACHINES."
"
The object of our Invention is to arrange combing machines known as "Noble's
in such a manner that the machine will deliver a cleaner and a heavier amount of
top with less noil than can be accomplished by ordinary methods now in use.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :- -We mount a pair of small
rollers in a frame, fixed in a convenient position above the small comb circles; these
rollers may be fluted or otherwise, and are so arranged that they can be set in
motion or stopped without interfering with the other parts of the combing machine.
Around each of these rollers we place an endless leather strap or cloth, which passes
round other rollers fixed a distance from each other in such a manner that the two
leathers form an angle.
The endless leathers or cloths are pressed together between the circumferences of
the first-named rollers by means of a spring that is fitted in the before-named
bracket. The long fibre that is left in the small circles, after passing the ordinary
drawing-off rollers, is removed from the circumference of the same by means of a
tongue fitted to each small circle in such a manner that the revolving endless leathers
or cloths before mentioned will collect and draw the remaining long staple from off
the small circles, and conduct the same into the angular space between the two
endless leathers, from whence it is blown by a current of air in the direction required,
and thus by these means the long staple that usually passes amongst the noil is
collected and forms top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO INDICATING OR DISPLAYING THE TIMES OF COLLECTION OF POSTAL BOXES AND OTHER PERIODICAL ANNOUNCE- MENTS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ollis at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1878.
THOMAS OLLIS, of 169, Islington, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO INDICATING OR DISPLAYING
THE TIMES OF COLLECTION OF POSTAL BOXES AND OTHER PERIODICAL ANNOUNCE-
MENTS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention consists in a wheel or roller with the announcements engraved,
painted, or marked thereon longitudinally on the periphery. This can be made to
rotate behind an open slit in the box or structure, to which the apparatus is
applied. A ratchet wheel on the axle of this roller has a paul working in it; there
is also a locking gear. A single lever works both the paul and locking gear, so
that the roller cannot turn without moving the lever, or vice versa.
This I apply
to post office pillar boxes and other recepticles to indicate the time of next collection
or otherwise. The opening or closing of the door, as the case may be, is usually
arranged to advance the roller by pressing back the lever.
Should, for any purpose, the box have to be opened or closed at an irregular
time, the entire circumference of the roller may be turned by oscillating the lever
till it comes to the right announcement; or a special contrivance could be applied,
which, by loosening the locking wheel (such as a sliding spring clutch), would
admit of the box being opened without moving the roller, or the roller turned by
hand and re-set.
It will be seen at once that this apparatus is applicable not only to post office
pillar boxes, but also in other cases where announcements forming a regular series
have to changed in consecutive order whenever a certain intermittent action
takes place (such as in the case of pillar boxes, the opening of the door), the lever
being so arranged as to be oscillated whenever the aforesaid action is made.
REPRODUCING BY PHOTOGRAPHY DESIGNS FOR LACE, NET, OR OTHER WOVEN FABRICS, AND AT THE SAME TIME PRODUCING GUIDE LINES BY WHICH THE OPENNESS OR CLOSENESS IS DETERMINED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garthwaite at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1878.
WILLIAM GARTHWAITE, of 187, Cleethorpe Rd., Gt. Grimsby, in the County of
Lincoln. "REPRODUCING BY PHOTOGRAPHY DESIGNS FOR LACE, NET, OR OTHER
WOVEN FABRICS, AND AT THE SAME TIME PRODUCING GUIDE LINES BY WHICH THE
OPENNESS OR CLOSENESS IS DETERMINED."
By this Invention a copy may be produced from the original design by printing
through the original design upon a photographically prepared surface, and at the
same time the guide lines (and this is an important part of my Invention) are pro-
duced by threads of cotton, silk, wool, or other fibre, or by wire stretched on a frame
or woven together, the number or distance required, which may be any distanco
apart or have any number to the inch according to the fineness or coarseness of the
lace to be produced from the original design, the threads or wires to be placed on
or under the design during the printing.
By this Invention a copy of an original design may be produced of the same size
or larger or smaller than the original design. In either case it is necessary to make
a negative of the design, and from the negative produce an enlargement of the
required size.
To produce the guide lines I interpose the threads or wires between the negative
and prepared photographic surface during the exposure.
Or the guide lines may be produced after the latent image (of the pattern of the
lace) impressed by interposing a piece of darkened glass having the lines scratched
through the material used for darkening the glass, thus allowing the light to pass
the scratches and produce corresponding lines on the prepared photographic surface
which had previously received the latent image of the pattern of the lace, the
darkened glass protecting the latent image of the lace; during the second exposure
both pattern and guide lines are developed at the same time.

page_text: Or a sheet of metal, or wood, or paper, or other opaque material, with guide lines
pierced through, may be substituted for the scratched glass or thread or wire.
Or the design for the lace may be photographed on paper, cloth, or other material
having suitable guide lines photographed on it, or produced otherwise suitably for
receiving a photographic impression.
#
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR UNDERCUTTING IN WELLS, HOLES, OR BORINGS TO BE LINED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Docwra at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1878.
THOMAS DOCWRA, of Balls Pond Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Contractor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR UNDERCUTTING IN WELLS, HOLES,
OR BORINGS TO BE LINED."
This Invention relates to apparatus designed to be lowered into wells, holes, or
borings intended to be lined with pipes, cylinders, or otherwise, such apparatus
having for object to cut the stone or material from immediately under the lining, so
that the latter may be lowered as required. For this purpose according to my
Invention cutting tools are hinged or jointed to a suitable frame provided with
springs for forcing the cutting parts of such tools outward into working position.
The springs are provided with triggers or devices for holding them back until
released by the operation of a sliding part or parts arranged to bear (when the
apparatus is lowered) against the bottom or ledge of the hole or boring to be cut,
and by pressure against the triggers or holding devices to release them, whereupon
the springs fly outward, forcing the cutting tools into cutting position. There may
be two springs to each cutting tool, the outer springs (those next the cutting tools)
having the triggers or holding devices jointed to them, and shorter springs being
interposed between such outer springs and the main frame of the machine, but I do
not confine myself to this arrangement. By imparting the pressure to the cutting
tools through springs, according to this Invention, the cutters are enabled to recede
on encountering material of undue hardness.
The apparatus has imparted to it an upward and downward or "jumping"
motion, and at intervals is turned slightly in a rotary sense.
As is obvious my Invention as above set forth may be carried out in various
forms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING OR SECURING BOLTS AND NUTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gibb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1878.
"
WILLIAM GIBB, of Jarrow-on-Tyne, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING OR
SECURING BOLTS AND NUTS."
My Invention relates to devices or means employed in combination with screw
bolts and nuts for the purpose of locking or preventing the accidental turning or
loosening of the same after they have been screwed up tight into their place.
My Invention is applicable both to the heads of bolts and to nuts.
In applying my Invention to the head of a stud bolt, for example, I employ a
washer or ring having on one face a series of ratchet teeth with which engages one
extremity of a circular or curved detent, which surrounds a reduced cylindrical
portion of the head, and is secured at its opposite extremity in a notch or recess
formed in the head, the ratchet washer or ring being held stationary by means of a
projection engaging in a recess in the surface of the body with which it is in
contact.
When the Invention is applied to a nut, the ratchet washer or ring may be formed
on or attached to the nut, and the opposite extremity of the detent to that which
engages with the ratchet teeth may be secured in a notch or recess in the surface
of the body against which the nut bears.
A similar arrangement to that herein-before described, as applied to a bolt head,
may also be adapted to nuts.
The ratchet washer or ring may be provided with a flange for preventing the
spring from being pressed outwards by the tendency of the nut to unscrew.
By means of my Invention all liability of the loosening of bolts and nuts is
obviated, and in the case of a series of bolts and nuts, such for example as those of
a piston junk ring or railway fish plate, each bolt and nut of the series is perfectly
independent of the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIving Belts FOR MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Goodwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th September 1878.
WILLIAM GOODWIN, of Chatteris, Cambridge. “IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIving Belts
FOR MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of machine driving
bands or belting, so as to effect great cheapness of production, durability, and usoful
effect.
For this purpose I weave in the usual manner flax or hemp, or both combined,
into varying widths and thicknesses, or I make any desired thickness by sewing
together a number of folds suitable for driving from the smallest to the largest class
of machinery which it is at present customary to drive by means of ordinary belting,
say from two inches to twenty inches in width, and from one to six folds in thickness,
such folds being sewn together with flax or hemp thread or cord in the direction of
the band's length, or diagonally or crosswise, which being done I cause the same to
possess a damp or heat resisting and non-clastic by dressing it all over on both sides
with a solution of tar, resin, and oil.
I make the driving bands which are the object of this Invention either endless
or in lengths to suit the convenience of uses; if in length the two ends have to be
fastened together by sewing or in any convenient manner.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Max Sombart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1878. A communication from
Michael Bejach and Moritz Bejach, both Manufacturers, of Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany.
CHARLES MAX SOMBART, of the Firm of Buss, Sombart, and Company, Engineers
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
and Patent Agents, of Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany.
STOPPERS." A communication from Michael Bejach and Moritz Bejach, both
Manufacturers, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in the use of a hinged capsule of metal or other con-
venient material, formed so as to clip or otherwise hold on to the neck of the bottle,
and a plate or nut through which a screwed rod carrying a plate or disc is worked,
whereby the nut plate and the disc plate may be forced apart, the former being
pressed and held against the hinged capsule, and the latter against and on a cork,
rubber, or leather, or other suitable disc placed over the mouth of the bottle, thereby
securing an effective and readily adjustable stopper for bottles, or for casks and
other receptacles by arranging them to receive and hold the hinged capsule.
The capsule may be made annular, with a hinged joint, and sufficiently large to
overlap, or with a tongue-piece. The screwed rod may have its end projecting
beyond the nut plate, formed in the shape of a hook, or other shape convenient for
its being turned by the fingers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Jean Fernand Bouas and Gustave Bernard, both of Paris, in
the Republic of France, Hat Makers.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD." A com-
munication from abroad by Jean Fernand Bouas and Gustave Bernard, both of
Paris, in the Republic of France, Hat Makers.
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of hats which shall be perfectly
waterproof and not liable to be bruised, broken, or put out of shape, and consists
essentially in making the bodies and brims of hats of what is known as English
sheet rubber ("feuille Anglaise "), which bodies and brims are made out of one
single piece of English sheet rubber without seams or junction edges by moulding
the same in metal moulds (by preference of zinc, for the sake of economy), or the.
hat body is first moulded and then formed, the brim being applied thereto in the
usual manner.
In practice it has been found that all rubbers, excepting the particular kind
above mentioned, are unsuitable for the manufacture of hat bodies, more especially
by reason of their weight; moreover, English sheet rubber (feuille Anglaise), such
as is sold in commerce, has certain defects which are inherent to the method of its
preparation, and on cutting it to the desired sizes for forming the contours and
foundations of hats, it is necessary to superpose and gum the brims with smaller
pieces and apply them to the body, by which method swellings, hollows, folds, and
other defects are produced which entirely prevent the application to the hat bodies
.031

page_text: so made of the silk plush and other covering without showing the same unevenness
or irregularity of surface on the exterior of the hat.
By the use of metal moulds for completely shaping the hat body from a single
piece of English sheet rubber, as herein-before set forth, all these defects are
obviated, and when the body has been covered a perfectly smooth and even surface
is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES OR SPANNERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1878. A communication
from abroad by Eugène Coulon, a person resident at Rouen, in the Department
of Seine Inférieure, in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES OR SPANNERS."
A communication from abroad by Eugène Coulon, of Rouen, in the Department of
Scine Inférieure, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to wrenches with movable jaws, and is a simplification of
those at present in use, which are cumbersome and complicated, which drawbacks
are caused by the necessity of rendering them sufficiently powerful to meet the
exigences of their application.
In the present case the movable jaw is made to travel by means of a block (on
which it is mounted) sliding in a socket, slot, or groove in the head of the wrench
below the jaws; this block is screw-threaded in its centre for the reception of a
screw actuating the movable jaw from the exterior by the screw head for regulating
the opening between the fixed and movable jaws so as to adapt itself to the size of
the nut to be screwed or unscrewed.
The regulating screw is hold in the body of the wrench by the milled head serving
to turn the screw for withdrawing or advancing the movable jaw, and so increasing
or diminishing the space between the two jaws.
The movable jaw is capable of sustaining a powerful resistance in locking and
unlocking a nut, as the head of the screw forms a lever or fulcrum to it, so that
should the jaw tend to recede the length of the screw in the block is such as to
render it capable of resisting a considerable pressure.
If the pressure is exercised at the end of the head of the jaw, the block of the
latter encountering the surface of the groove in the wrench below the fixed jaw
resists this pressure.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE TENT AND HAMMOCK COMBINED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hugh Leycester at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878.
CHARLES HUGH LEYCESTER, of Gwynfè, Llangadock, South Wales. "AN IMPROVED
PORTABLE TENT AND HAMMOCK COMBINED."
According to my present Invention I construct a portable tent and hammock
combined as follows:-I construct two pairs of trestles, consisting each of two wood
poles, provided with pointed ferrules at the lower end for entering the ground,
while the upper ends have ferrules provided with a hook or claw at the end, so that
the two poles being hinge-jointed together at the upper ends the said claws will, on
inserting the end of a connecting pole between them, and then drawing the two
supports of the trestle together, grip the connecting pole between them. This pole,
which is by preference made of two lengths screwed together for the sake of por-
tability, serves to connect the two trestles at top, being inserted between their
claws before they are fixed in the ground, the supports of the trestles being tied
together by a rope or rod to prevent them from spreading. The distance between
the trestles when fixed in the ground is such that a hammock of ordinary length
can be conveniently slung to the connecting pole between them, this pole being for
this purpose provided with eyes or hooks at the ends, to which the ropes of the
hammock are attached. A covering of canvas or other suitable material is then
stretched over the two trestles and connecting pole, the covering being formed so as
to pass round the end of the trestle at which the head of the hammock is situated,
where it is secured by buttoning or by hooks, and it is also secured to studs or hooks
on the trestles so as to keep it in a stretched condition.
When not required for use the supports of the trestles are folded up close together,
the connecting pole is unscrewed and placed beside them, and the hammock and
canvas covering are rolled round the poles and secured by straps, the whole forming
a compact and portable parcel.