Improvements in Means or Apparatus for use in Type Writing, or Type Writing Inter-communication, with the Aid of Electricity.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for use in Type Writing,
or Type Writing Inter-communication, with the Aid of
Electricity.
We ALBERT DAVID NEAL of Boston, County of Suffolk and State of
Massachusetts one of the United States of America, Gentleman, and HowARD
FRENCH EATON of Quincy, County of Norfolk, in aforesaid State, Mechanical
Draughtsman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to an electro mechanical type writer or printing instrument,
adapted to be used as an electro-mechanical type writer or printing instrument
after the manner of the ordinary mechanical typewriter, or as a transmitter or
receiver in a system of type writer intercommunication.
This invention has for its object to provide a simple, efficient and substantially
inexpensive electro-mechanical typewriter, in which the number of operating parts
is reduced to a minimum, and which may be used equally as well on a cable or
single wire system of intercommunication, or which may be used alone, as for
instance, in office work, or which, by the use of a combination switch placed in
circuit with the type-writers, (the said switch having what is denominated as
general and special contacts), may be used for general or public work by means
of the general contacts, and by special subscribers for secrecy between themselves,
by means of the special contacts, so that when the combination switches of the
instruments are set with the general contacts closed, all the machines being in
receptive position and having the circuits closed, they will receive the general
messages sent, and when special messages are desired the special contacts are
closed.
In accordance with our invention, the type letters or other characters to be
printed, are arranged on a character or type-carrier preferably in a series of
horizontal rows, and the said carrier is given a substantially horizontal and vertical
movement by means of suitable mechanism, as will be described, to place any desired
or required letter or character in correct working position with relation to a hammer
or striker.
The mechanism to actuate the carrier is controlled by electro magnets governed
by circuit controllers, preferably operated by the usual keys of the type-writer, and
the operation of the hammer or striker is controlled by an electro magnet governed
by circuit controllers rendered effective, as will be described.
Prior to our present invention, we are aware that electro mechanical type-
writers have been constructed to be used as receiving instruments, in which
each character or letter is secured to a type carrying lever, secured to the
armature of an electro magnet, there being as many electro-magnets as there are
characters or letters.
This invention has for its primary object to provide an electro-mechanical type-
writer, in which the number of electro-magnets required to operate the instrument,
is reduced to a minimuni.
In accordance with this feature of our invention, the type letters or characters
are secured to a character or type-carrier, and are arranged on said carrier
in substantially horizontal and preferably vertical rows, the number of rows
varying with the size of the carrier, and with the number of characters to be
printed.
The character or type-carrier is preferably so arranged with relation to the

page_text: hammer or striker, and vice versa, that normally one horizontal row of characters
is on a horizontal line with the said hammer, and preferably one vertical row of
characters is in a vertical line with the said hammer.
The row of characters normally in a horizontal line with the hammer, we prefer
to designate as the normal horizontal row, and the vertical row of characters in line
with the said hammer, we prefer to designate as the normal vertical row.
The carrier has a movement in a substantially horizontal path and preferably
also a movement in a substantially vertical or axial path, and these movements
are effected, as will be described, by suitable mechanism positively operated by
electro-magnets governed by suitable circuit controllers, as will be hereinafter
pointed out.
The circuit controllers for the electro-magnets operating the character or type-
carrier are governed by the operation of character keys, and the operation of a
character key also effects the operation of the printing magnet, that is, the magnet
controlling the operation of the hammer or striker.
The particular features of our invention will be pointed out in the claim at the
end of this Specification.
Fig. 1, is a top or plan view partially broken out of an electro-mechanical type
writer or printing instrument embodying our invention.
Fig. 2, a section of the instrument shown in Fig. 1, on the irregular line 2-2.
Fig. 3, a detail, of the printing-magnet and its hammer, to be referred to.
Fig. 4, is a rear or end elevation of the instrument shown in Fig. 2, with the
base or supporting frame in section.
Fig. 5, a detail to more clearly show the operation of the elevating and pin
magnets.
Fig. 6, a detail of the mechanism employed to effect the spacing between the
lines.
Fig. 7, a detail to be referred to.
Fig. 8, a detail of the mechanism employed to revolve the character or type
carrier.
Figs. 9, 10, 10 and 11, details of the feeding mechanism of the carriage.
Fig. 12, a detail of the character or type-carrier.
Fig. 13, a detail to more clearly show the pins or stops for the positioning arm
of the carrier.
Figs. 14, 15, details of the circuit controllers on the positioning arm.
Fig. 16, a diagram of circuits showing the arrangement of the instrument for the
cable system.
Fig. 17, a top or plan view partially broken out of the key board employed with
the instrument when used on the one wire system.
Fig. 18, a section of the key-board shown in Fig. 17, on the line 18-18.
Fig. 19, a side elevation of the instrument adapted to be used for transmitting and
receiving quotations.
Fig. 20, a diagram of circuits to show the operation of the instrument on the one
wire system.
Fig. 20, a detail to be referred to.
Fig. 21, a diagram of circuits to show the manner of connecting the printing-
magnet in shunt.
Fig. 21, a detail to be referred to.
Fig. 22, is a detail partially broken out and on an enlarged scale of one form of
individualizing device or combination switch.
Fig. 22, is a detail showing a modified form of individualizing device or
combination-switch.
Fig. 23, a detail in side elevation to more clearly show parts of the key board
used on the one wire system.
Fig. 23, a detail of the pole changer to be referred to.
Fig. 24, a detail of the upper portion of the instrument when used for
quotations.

page_text: Fig. 25, is a diagram of circuits to more clearly illustrate the operation of the
individualizing device or combination switch; and
Fig. 26, is a diagram of circuits shown in Fig. 25, with the combination-switch in
a different position to obtain a different combination, as for special or private
signaling over the same wires.
Referring to the drawings, the operating parts of our improved instrument are
shown as supported upon a suitable base A, which may be of wood or any other
desired material, the said base, as represented in Fig. 2, resting upon a support or
table A'.
The base A has mounted upon it a supporting frame preferably consisting, as
herein shown, of a horizontal plate a resting upon posts a¹, secured to or forming
part of the base A, the base plate a having secured to it, as by screws a², uprights a³,
herein shown in Fig. 1, as three in number, the said uprights being connected at
their upper ends by a cross plate or tie bar a preferably cast integral with the said
uprights.
The outside uprights a³ have secured to them, as herein shown, a bow-shaped
piece or yoke a extended horizontally toward the centre of the instrument, and the
cross plate or tie bar at has secured to or forming part of it, an arm a extended
above and toward the centre of the instrument.
The arm a forms one bearing for a rod, axis or pivot a having its other bearing,
as represented in Figs. 2 and 3 in the base A.
The pivot or rod a' has mounted upon it a character or type-carrier, it, as herein
shown, consisting of a circular plate as joined by arms a to a hub or sleeve a¹o
fitted upon the pivot or rod a to rotate therewith, and also to have a vertical
movement thereon, it being, as herein shown, secured to the pivot or rod a' by a
screw or pin 2 extended through the sleeve and into a longitudinal groove in the
said pivot, represented by dotted lines a¹³ in Fig. 5.
The type-carrier has secured to or forming part of it, any desired number of
letters or characters, arranged in preferably horizontal and vertical rows, as
represented in Fig. 12.
The sleeve a is moved longitudinally on the type-carrier pivot by means
of electro-magnets a¹, a¹³, a¹, (see Figs. 1, 4 and 10,) having their arma-
tures a, a, a, operatively connected, as will be described, so as to act upon
the said sleeve.
As shown in Fig. 5, each armature of the elevating magnet is connected by an
adjustable rod a20, to one arm of a lever a pivoted, as at a2, to a suitable ear or
lug a on the plate a of the supporting frame, and having its other arm a extended
under a yoke a secured to or forming part of a rod a2, herein shown as extended
up into an arm a² of a collar or sleeve 28 loose on the rod or pivot a', the rod a²,
as represented in Fig. 5, being secured to the arm a" by a screw a³.
material, see Figs. 2 and 5.
The type carrier rod or pivot a' has fast on it an arm b, preferably electrically
disconnected from the said pivot, as herein shown, by a bushing of insulating
The arm constitutes a horizontal positioning device for the type carrier,
and co-operates with a series of stops, herein shown as two stationary bars or
uprights a, a, (see Fig. 13), and intermediate movable pins or rods a
The stationary bars or uprights a0, a1 are secured to or form part of a plate a³³,
fastened to a stationary arin or post a of the frame-work of the instrument.
The pins a, as shewn in Figs. 5 and 13, are extended up through the plate a³.
In practice there may be as many stops as there are vertical rows of letters or
characters, less one, which corresponds to the normal vertical row, and in order to
reduce to a minimum, the number of magnets required for operating the movable
stops or pins, we prefer to connect the movable stops or pins in pairs, that is those
pins on opposite sides of the central line or position of the arm 6 will be connected
together by a bridge 67, (see Fig. 7,) having depending from it a rod 68, herein
shown as resting upon an arm 6 of a lever 60 pivoted in lugs or uprights 612 on the
0

page_text: plate a of the frame, the said lever being joined preferably by an adjustable
connection 613 to an armature-carrying rod or plate 64 pivoted, as at 6, to the
frame 6 of the pin operating magnets b", etcetera.
The pins a, as represented in Fig. 5, are encircled above the bridge b' by a
spiral spring 618, by which the said pins are restored to their normal or lower
position, when the pin magnets are demagnetized.
By connecting the pin equi-distant from the normal or central position of the
arm b, by means of a bridge b', both pins are elevated when a pin magnet is
energized, as will be described, but the arm b, as herein shown, will be brought in
contact with only one of the said pins, when the type carrier pivot is revolved.
The type carrier pivot a' may be revolved in opposite directions, as herein shown,
to cause the arm b to be brought in contact with a pin or stop on the right or left
of the central position, preferably by means of a movement-multiplying mechanism,
substantially as shown in Fig. 8, wherein the pivot a' is shown as provided with
a sleeve 20, herein represented as resting upon a collar 621 on the said pivot or rod.
The sleeve 20 has secured to it an arm 2, to the opposite sides of which are
secured armatures 623, 24, co-operating with electro-magnets 628, 626, which we
prefer to designate as the shifting magnets, operating, as herein shown, to produce
à horizontal movement of the type-carrier.
The multiplying mechanism referred to, consists, as herein shown, of a toothed
sector 6" secured to or forming part of the sleeve 620, and in mesh with a smaller
toothed sector 628 fast on a rod 629, having bearings, as herein shown, in an arm or
bracket 30 and in the plate a, the said arm or bracket being secured to the under-
side of the said plate.
The rod 62 has fast on it a toothed sector 632, larger than the sector 628, and
preferably of the same size as the sector, the sector 632 engaging with a smaller
sector fast on the pivot a'.
The toothed sectors herein described, form one convenient mechanical means by
which the movement of the armature-carrying arm 62, may be multiplied, so that,
a substantially limited movement of the said armature-carrying arm will produce
a substantially large movement of the type carrier.
The printing of the characters or letters secured to the type-carrier is effected
by means of a hammer or striker 6, (see Figs. 2 and 3) the said hammer being
preferably curved or bow-shaped, as herein shown.
The hammer 6 has secured to or forming part of it a hub 3, loosely mounted
on a pin or rod 633 forming the pivot for the armature 638 of a printing magnet 637,
the said hammer, as herein shown, being made fast on the rod or pin 5 by a set
screw 638 (see Fig. 4).
Our improved apparatus is provided with the usual inking ribbon 689 (see Fig. 1,)
wound upon reels 40, 41, fast upon shafts 6, (see Fig. 2) having bearings, as shown,
in the yoke a and in the base A of the machine, the said shafts being provided at
their lower ends with gears or pinions 6", which mesh with worms 645 on the opposite
ends of a shaft 648.
The worm shaft 646 has mounted upon it a ratchet-wheel 67 engaged by a
pawl 68 secured to the armature 63 of the printing magnet.
The worm shaft 66 is rotated one step or tooth of the ratchet-wheel at each
demagnetization of the printing magnet 7, for when the armature 630 of the said
magnet is attracted, the pawl 618 is brought into engagement with a new tooth of
the ratchet wheel, and when the said armature is restored to its normal position,
shown in Fig. 3, the ratchet wheel is moved forward the distance of one tooth,
thereby rotating the shaft 2 of the ink ribbon-carrying wheels and effecting a
gradual feed of the ink ribbon.
་
Our improved instrument, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4 is provided with a movable
carriage, herein shown as consisting of side pieces e, c', connected by front and back
pieces c², c³, which rest upon suitable rollers c, c, having bearings in the stationary
part or frame-work of the machine.
.

page_text: The rollers c, care preferably grooved, as herein shown, (see Fig 2), to receive
the lower edges of the front and back pieces c², c³.
The carriage has secured to its underside, a bar ce provided with ratchet teeth c',
and gear teeth e, the said gear teeth meshing with a driving gear c³ rotated by a
suitable motor mechanism, herein represented as a spring-actuated drum clo, by
which the carriage may be restored to its normal position, that is, by which the
carriage is moved backward.
The forward feed of the carriage is electrically controlled, as will be described. .
The carriage supports a roll c¹ of paper to be printed upon, the said roll being
mounted on the shaft 120 supported in the side pieces c, c² of the carriage, and
detachably secured therein, as herein shown, by means of spring arms c¹³, c¹, the
said arms being secured, as by screws e, to the side pieces.
The paper roll c is substantially embraced by the bow-shaped hammer 634
which may be readily turned back, by first unloosening the set screw 638, to permit
the paper roll to be removed.
The carriage also supports a paper feeding mechanism consisting, as herein
shown, (see Fig. 2) of two hubs or rolls 17, 18 mounted on a shaft c¹ having
bearings in the side pieces of the carriage, and in order that the paper may be auto-
matically fed forward, the said shaft has fast on it a ratchet wheel 20, engaged
by a pawl c pivoted on a lever loosely mounted on the shaft e¹.
The lever, as herein shown, (see Figs. 2 and 6) has an arm 23 adapted to be
engaged by a cam block c, provided as shown, with an inclined face cupon
which the said arm is adapted to rise or travel on the backward movement of the
carriage.
The cam block c is preferably adjustably secured to a plate 28, provided with
rods 27, 28, extended down into hollow posts or uprights c", co secured to or forming
part of the frame work of the instrument.
"
The posts 7, 28 are adjustably secured within the hollow posts 29, 30, by
screws, 32, so that the cam carrying plate 28 may be adjusted to any desired
height, to thereby regulate the extent of the travel of the arm 23 on the incline
or cam 25, and thereby regulate the amount of paper fed forward between the
lines.
f
Our improved instrument is provided with a keyboard consisting, as herein
shown, of a series of character keys d, (see Figs. 1 and 2) there being preferably
as many such keys as there are characters or letters on the type-carrier.
The character keys, as herein shown are provided with stems or rods d¹ pivotally
connected to levers d² pivoted on rods or shafts d³ within the box or case d
preferably secured to or forming part of an independent based mounted upon the
table A' in close proximity to the base A.
Each key lever controls the operation of one or more circuit controllers,
governing the circuits of the electro maguets employed in the instrument, as will be
described, the number of circuit controllers operated by each key depending upon
the position of the character or letter on the type carrier corresponding to the
particular key, as will be herein after pointed out.
Each key lever, as shown in Fig. 2, may be restored to its normal or elevated
position after being depressed to effect the printing of any letter or character, by a
spring d¹º
As shown in Fig. 2, the box or case d' has located within it a circuit controlling
device D by means of which each instrument may be transformed from a trans-
mitting apparatus into a receiving apparatus, the said circuit-controlling device, as
shown, consisting of a metallic bar dis adapted to slide on insulating guide rods d",
and provided on one surface or face with suitable insulating portions or blocks d
shown best in Fig. 16, and with which co-operate contact pens or terminals d",
there being one such terminal or contact pen for each line magnet employed in the
instrument.
The metallic bar dis on its underside is provided with a contact-plate or strip №18,
see Fig. 16, electrically disconnected from the bar d¹³ by insulating material d¹,

page_text: and the contact strip or plate d¹ has co-operating with it, as herein shown, two
contact pens or terminals d20, d, for a purpose as will hereinafter be described.
As represented in Fig. 16, the instrument is shown as provided with three
elevating magnets, two revolving or shifting magnets, and four pin magnets, and
when composed of this number of magnets, the type-carrier may have its letters
arranged on it, so as to form four horizontal rows and eleven vertical rows, the
central vertical row forming the normally vertical row, and the uppermost horizontal
line of letters or characters forming the normal horizontal row.
When the instrument herein shown is in its normal position, the letter or character
in the centre of the normal horizontal row is in position to be struck by the
hammer 4, which may be effected as will be described.
The teeth of the rack bar secured to the carriage are engaged, as herein
shown, (see Figs. 4 and 10) by a feeding pawl e and a holding pawl e¹ operated as
will be described.
The feeding pawle is herein shown as a rod bevelled at one end to engage the
teeth c, and vertically moveable in a guiding sleeve or hollow arm e² fast on the
rock-shaft e³, the said rod being guided by a pin or projection et extended into a
groove or grooves in the said sleeve or hollow arm, (see dotted lines, Fig. 10)
and being normally kept elevated by a spiral spring e encircling the said rod.
The rock shafte has secured to it an arm e, see Fig. 9, acted upon by a spring e
to keep the hollow arm or sleeve e in its upright position shown in Fig. 10, the
springe having one end fastened to a rigid portion of the frame-work, as at es, and
its other end preferably secured to a drum or pulley e on a shaft el having bearings
in the arms e, and having fast on it a ratchet-wheel e, engaged by a pawl s
pivoted on the arm e.
The tension of the spring e' may be regulated by rotating the shaft e¹o.
The rock-shaft e³ is rotated so as to move the arm e² in the direction of arrow 20.
Fig. 10, to place the pawl e into engagement with a new tooth, by a lever 14,
pivoted as ate and having secured to or forming part of it, the armature e¹ of an
electro magnet e, the lever el preferably acting on a roller 18 mounted on the
arme of the rock shaft.
When the electro magnet e¹ is energized as will be described, its armature e¹6 is
attracted, and the lever e¹ is moved upward in the direction indicated by arrow 21,
in Fig. 9.
As the lever e¹4 is moved in the direction of arrow 21, it acts on the roller e¹8
and moves the arm & in the same direction, thereby rocking the shaft e³ and moving
the pawl-carrying arm e² in the direction of arrow 20, to place the pawl e in
engagement with a new tooth on the rack bar, as shown in Fig. 11.
When the magnet " is demagnetized, the spring e' acts upon the arm e of the
rock shaft, and restores the rock shaft 3 and its pawl-carrying arm e² back into
their normal position, shown in Fig. 10, and thereby, through the pawl e, moves
the rack-bar and the carriage attached to it, forward or in the direction indicated by
arrow 22, Fig. 10.
When the carriage has reached the end of its travel in its forward direction,
indicated by arrow 22, it becomes desirous to permit the said carriage to be
restored to its normal position by the motor mechanism c, and for this purpose we
have provided a releasing device actuated by an electro magnet e20, which we prefer
to designate as the releasing magnet.
The releasing magnet 20 has its armature 21 secured to or forming part of an
arm e, fast on a shaft e³, provided with a crank or arm 24, connected by a link e25
to a lever e, pivoted at its lower end, as at e2, and having pivotally secured to it,
at its opposite end an arm 28, extended through a slot in the pawl-carrying arm ¿¹
and engaging the pin e' on the pawl e.
The arm is made cam-shape on its underside; so that when the said arm is
moved forward or in the direction of the arrow 22, the cam surface of the said arm
will depress the guiding pine of the pawl e, and will remove the said pawl from
engagement with the tooth of the rack bar (see Fig. 10*)..

page_text: The rock shaft 23 has loosely mounted on it an arm
the arm 30 carrying the holding pawl el.
constituting a stop for
The arme, as herein shown, is provided with a socket into which the pawl e¹ is
extended, the said pawl resting upon a spiral spring e³ within the said socket,
which spring acts to keep the holding pawl e¹ in engagement with the teeth of the
rack-bar.
The stop or arm e29 has secured to or forming part of it a depending pin e³
adapted to be engaged by a stud 33 on the arm e24.
When the carriage is at rest, as for instance, when a letter is being printed, the
pawls e, e¹ and their actuating parts are in the position shown in Fig. 10, the
releasing magnet 20, at such time, being demagnetized, and its armature e¹ occupies
the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 9.
If it is desired to return the carriage to its normal position, the circuit of the
releasing magnet is closed as will be described, and the armature e²¹ is attracted.
The attraction of the armature e rocks the shaft 23 and moves the arm or
crank e24 in the direction indicated by arrow 25, Fig. 10.
The stud or projection e³ is placed on the crank or arm e24 out of contact with
the pin e, so that the arm or crauk e may have a substantially short movement
before the stud 3 is engaged with the pin e, so that the cam surface on the arm e28
attached to the lever may act on the pin e and withdraw the feeding pawl e
from engagement with the teeth e', before the holding-pawl is released.
The forward movement of the crank arm e24 causes the stud 33 to tip the arm e²º
downward and out of engagement with the pawl-carrying arme (see Fig. 104)
thus permitting the motor mechanism c¹0 to restore the carriage to its normal or
starting position.
When the carriage is stopped on its backward movement, the pawl-carrying
arm eis restored to its normal position shown in Fig. 10, by a spring e.
Referring now to Fig. 16, we have represented in diagram an instrument con-
structed in accordance with our invention, capable of being used as a transmitter,
as a receiver, or as an electro-mechanical typewriter for office work, and in
said Fig. 16, we have represented three elevating electro-magnets a, a, a,
two shifting or revolving magnets 625, 628 and four pin elevating magnets 61, 617,
617 2617 30
Referring now to Fig. 12, we have represented the character or type-carrier
which may be used on an instrument provided with the number of magnets shown
in Fig. 16.
As represented in Fig. 12, the characters or type letters are arranged in hori-
zontal and vertical rows, there being four horizontal and eleven vertical rows.
When the instrument is not in use, the type-carrier is in its normal position, and
at such time, the uppermost horizontal row is preferably in line with the hammer or
striker, so that, as will be readily seen, an elevating magnet is not required to
operate the type-carrier to place the normally horizontal row in correct working
position with relation to the hammer or striker.
The remaining horizontal rows of, letters or characters may be brought in
correct working position with relation to the hammer, by means of the elevating
magnets, shown in Fig. 16, and for the sake of distinction, let it be supposed that
the elevating magnet a will place the second horizontal row in correct working
position, the magnet a", the third horizontal row, and the magnet al, the fourth
horizontal row.
The extent of the movement of the type-carrier may be controlled by regulating
the length of the arm a24 of the lever a connected to the armature of each magnet
as will be readily understood.
As represented in Fig. 12, the central vertical row of characters or letters, in
the normal position of the type-carrier, occupies a position in a vertical line or
plane with the hammer or striker, and this vertical row of letters or characters, we
prefer to designate as the normal vertical row.
We have represented in Fig. 12, the letter A as occupying the central. position

page_text: in the normally horizontal row, and as being the first letter in the normal
vertical row, and therefore it will be seen, that the shifting and elevating magnets
are not required to be operated, in order to produce this character or letter, and
only the circuit of the printing magnet need be closed, which may be effected, as
will be described.
The remaining vertical rows on opposite sides of the normal vertical row,
excepting the two outside rows, as has already been explained, are coupled in pairs
through the instrumentality of the elevating pins a, so that with the type-carrier
shown in Fig. 12, only four pairs of elevating pins need be used, the stationary
stops or pins effecting the printing of the letters or characters in the outside or
extreme vertical rows.
The operation of the elevating magnet is governed by one set of circuit con-
trollers, the operation of the shifting magnets by another set of circuit controllers
and the operation of the pin magnets by still another set of circuit controllers.
The set of circuit controllers governing the operation of the elevating magnets
may be composed as shown in Fig. 16, of three contact pens or movable
members ff, f co-operating with three circuit terminals or stationary.
members fƒ³.
2
The set of circuit controllers governing the operation of the shifting magnets
may be composed of two contact pens or movable members 6, 7, and two
co-operating circuit terminals or stationary members f³, 10, and the set of pin
magnet circuit controllers may be composed of four movable members or contact
pens 10, 12, 13, 14, co-operating with four stationary members or circuit
terminals 15, 16, 17, 18
The movable members or contact pens of the different sets of circuit controllers,
referred to, are operated by the character keys of the key-board, the said contact
pens, as shown in Fig. 2, being secured to the levers d², and preferably made
adjustable with relation to their co-operating circuit terminals by means of a set
screw 20 extended through the lever.
The circuit terminals or stationary members referred to, are shown in Figs. 1
and 2, as secured to insulating bars or supports f50.
Each character lever has secured to it, one or more of the movable terminals,
according to the number of magnets required to be operated, to effect the printing
of the particular character or letter corresponding to the character key which has
been operated.
The printing magnet 6, the feed magnet e", the releasing magnet e and the
magnet of the call bell p*, as shown in Fig. 16, are included in a local circuit pro-
vided with a battery 9°, and as represented in said fig. the said local circuit has five
normally open branches.
We prefer to close one branch of the local circuit controlling the printing magnet,
through the armatures of the pin magnets, 617, 617 28, as represented in Fig. 16,
wherein the armatures 614, 614, 6142, 143, of the pin magnets 617, 617, 617 2ª, 6,17 3, are
shown as co-operating with circuit terminals g, g², g², g³.
2a
The armature 614, as shown in Fig. 16, is connected by a wire p to the circuit
terminal g', joined by wire p¹ to the terminal 9³, connected by wire p² to the
terminal g³.
The terminal 9, as represented in Fig. 16, is connected by wire p³ to a magnet
operating the call bell p, the other end of the magnet coil being joined by wire p
to the battery 9°.
The armature 61 is connected by a wire g¹ to one pole of the battery 98, herein
shown as the negative pole, the positive pole being joined by a wire 96 to feed
magnet e, the other end of the coil of the said feed magnet being connected by
wire g to the printing magnet 637 connected by wire 98 to the contact brush or
pen n co-operating with the ring n to which the springs or brushes n², n³, are con-
nected, see Figs. 14 and 15, and the arms n, n', operated by the pins or stops to
close the local circuit of the printing magnet, are connected by the ring n¹², brush n',
and wire p to the negative pole of the battery 9...

page_text: The armature 614 28 is connected by wire g' to the wire g³.
The armature 614 3 is connected by wire p' to the end of the feed magnet coil, it
being shown in Fig. 16, as joined to the wire g'.
As represented in Fig. 16, the pin magnets 617, 617 20 control the normally open
branch of the printing and feed magnets, so that when the key lever, corresponding
to the letter A on the type carrier, is operated, the circuit terminals 12 and ƒ³
will close the circuits of the pin magnets 617a, 617 2a, to energize the said magnets
and attract their armatures 61, 6142, and thereby close the local circuit of the
printing magnet 637 and feed magnet e¹.
12
The contact pens f1, 13 make contact with the circuit terminals 18, f" joined
by wires k, k¹ to the pin magnets 617, 617 2, the said magnets being connected to the
line wires k², k³, which are electrically connected, when the instrument is used as an
electro-mechanical type-writer, to the negative pole of the battery el, by branch
wires, the conducting strip or bar o of a circuit controller D', similar in
construction to the circuit controller D, spring 20, wire 21, spring d2, contact
plate d's, spring d2, and wire e180, the positive pole of the battery being connected
by wire e to the circuit terminals or contact members f12, 13.
When the circuits of the pin magnets 617, 617 28, are closed as described, their
armatures 614, 614 2 are brought into contact with the circuit terminals g³, g³, and
the local circuit of the printing and feed magnets, is closed.
This local circuit may be traced as follows, viz. :—
From the positive pole of the battery 9' by wire g, feed magnet e", wire g²,
printing magnet 637, wires g³, y³, armatures 6,142, terminal g², wire p¹, terminal g',
armature, wire g* to negative pole of the battery.
The circuit controller D₁ may be and preferably is of the same construction as
the circuit controller D, it consisting of the conducting strip o, insulating blocks or
pieces o¹, co-operating springs o², contact strip o³ separated from the conducting bar
or strip o by insulation of, and the contact springs 20, 200
The contact spring 200 may be connected by wire 201 to the circuit controller D
of another instrument.
To print any letter in the normal horizontal row other than A, the type carrier
must first be turned to place the desired letter in line with the hammer to be struck
thereby, and the circuit of the printing magnet is then closed as will be described,
to operate the hammer.
If the letter to be printed, as for instance B, is on the left of the character in the
normal vertical row, which character is herein shown in Fig. 12, as A, one of the
contact pens f, f7 operated by the lever d² corresponding to the character or
letter B, is brought in contact with its co-operating circuit terminal, to close the
circuit of that shifting magnet which will effect the movement of the type-carrier
toward the right, viewing Fig. 12.
Let it be supposed that the electro-magnet 623 will remove the type-carrier
toward the right, viewing Fig. 12.
Referring now to Fig. 16, the circuit of the shifting magnet 625 may be traced as
follows, From the positive pole of the battery 100 by the wire 200, contact pen f
terminal, wire, to the shifting magnet 625, line wire k, wire ka, circuit
controller D', spring 20, wire 21, spring d20, contact plate d¹³, spring of circuit
controller D and wire 180 to the negative pole of the battery.
As soon as the circuit of the shifting magnet is closed as described, the
armature 623 of the said magnet is attracted, and the type-carrier is revolved
through the multiplying gearing 627, 628, 632, 633.
The movement of the type-carrier referred to, is arrested, to place the letter B
in line with the hammer, by contact of the positioning arm 6 with the stationary
pin or stop a¹, and when the said arm engages the said stop, the circuit of the
printing magnet is closed.
In order to obtain good electrical connection when the positioning arm is brought
in contact with a stop or pin by the operation of a shifting magnet, we prefer to
pivot upon the said positioning arm two contact arms or brushes n, n', see Fig. 14,
B

page_text: co-operating with two pens or brushes n³, n³, secured to a metallic band or ring n
on a sleeve n° of insulating material, mounted on the metallic hub of the positioning
arm.
The metallic hub will preferably have mounted on it a ring n¹² of brass or other
good conducting material.
The rings or bands n', n¹² have co-operating with them brushes n°, n', the brush n
being connected to a wire 98 (see Fig. 16) and the brush n' to a wire po to complete
the circuit of the printing magnet as will be described.
When the positioning arm strikes the stop a", one of the contact levers carried
by the arm, as for instance, the contact lever n', also strikes the pin or stop a³¹ and
is brought into contact with its co-operating pen or brush n³, and the local circuit
of the printing and feed magnets is closed.
This circuit may be traced as follows, viz. ;-From the positive pole of the
battery 9, by wire g, feed magnet e", wire 9', printing magnet 67, wire g³, contact
brush n³, lever n', ring n¹², brush n', wire, to negative pole of the battery.
It will thus be seen, that as soon as the type-carrier has been brought into
position, to place the letter corresponding to the character or letter key which has
been acted upon, into line with the hammer or striker, the circuit of the printing
magnet is closed, and the hammer or striker is moved forward to effect the printing
of the required letter, and at the same time, the feeding mechanism is operated to
engage the pawle with a new tooth of the rack-bar, so that, after the printing of
the particular letter or character has been effected, and the local circuit of the
printing and feed magnets has been opened, the spring e' acts, as above described,
to feed the carriage forward.
If it is desired to effect the printing of any letter in the normal horizontal row,
other than the letter which may occupy the central space in the normal horizontal
row, shewn in Fig. 12, as occupied by the letter A, and other than the letters in
the outside rows, the circuit of a shifting magnet, and of a pin magnet is closed,
when the character key corresponding to the letter in the normal horizontal row
is depressed, and consequently, the said key is made to operate two circuit
controllers or contact pens.
For instance, let it be supposed that it is desired to print the letter N. In this
case, the character key N will operate two circuit controlling pens or contact
arms f, to close the circuit of the shifting magnet 62 and of the pin magnet 617.
The pin magnet 617, when energized as described, attracts its armature and
raises a movable pin a to place it in the path of movement of the positioning
arm b to be struck thereby.
When the positioning arm 6 strikes the elevated pin, the local circuit of the
printing and feed magnets is closed as described in connection with the printing of
the letter B.
If, now, it is desired to print any other letter in the normal vertical row on the
type-carrier, other than the letter A, the type carrier must be first elevated, and
the circuit of the printing magnet then closed.
For instance, let it be supposed that it is desired to print the letter D in the
second horizontal row, the character key D will be operated to close the circuit
of the elevating magnet a".
When the character key D is depressed, the contact pen is brought into
engagement with its circuit terminal 3 connected by wire fa to the elevating
magnet a", and the circuit for the said magnet is thus closed, which circuit may be
traced as follows, viz. ;-From the positive pole of the battery e100 through the line
wire 200, contact pen f, terminal f³, wire, elevating magnet a wires ko, ku
circuit controller D', thence as hereinbefore described, to the negative pole of the
battery.
The elevating magnet a¹ is thus energized and its armature a" is attracted,
thereby, through the system of levers above described, elevating the type-carrier
so as to place the second horizontal row of characters or letters in the line with the
hammer.

page_text: At the same time that the circuit of the elevating magnet a" is closed by the
operation of the character key D, the local circuit of the printing and feed magnets
is also closed, and we prefer to effect the closing of the local circuit referred to,
through the armatures of two pin magnets as above described, viz.:-the pin
magnets 67 72, the contact springs f¹³, for the said magnets being secured to
or operated by the character key D.
When the circuits of the pin magnets 617, 17 2* are closed as described, the
armatures 614, 142 for the said magnets are attracted and engage with the circuit
terminals g', g², closing the local circuit for the printing and feed magnets as above
described.
The other letters in the normal vertical row herein shewn, as G and J may be
printed in the same manner as the letter D by operating the character keys G
and J, which control respectively the circuit of the elevating magnets a¹³, a¹6, and
of the two pin magnets as 617 and 617 20.
If it is desired to print any letter in the second horizontal row, other than the
letters D, in the normal vertical row, or the letters E and F in the outside rows,
the circuit of the elevating magnet a¹ is closed, and also the circuit of one of the
shifting magnets, and at the same time the circuit of a pin magnet is closed to
elevate the required pin, so that when the type-carrier has been brought into
correct position to place the desired letter on the second horizontal row in line with
the hammer, the local circuit of the printing magnet will be effected through the
positioning arm b and one of its attached contact levers n, n¹.
If it is desired to print any letter in the third horizontal row, other than the
letter G the normal vertical row or the letters H and I in the outside rows, the
circuit of the elevating magnet a is closed, also the circuit of one of the shifting
magnets and of one of the pin magnets, as well as the local circuit of the printing
magnet, in a similar manner to that already described.
If a letter in the fourth horizontal row other than the letter J in the normal
vertical row, or the letters K and L in the outside rows is to be printed, the
circuit of the elevating magnet a¹ is closed, as well as that of one of the shifting
magnets and of one of the pin magnets, and also the local circuit of the printing
magnet.
If it is desired to print one of the outside letters in any horizontal row, other
than the normal horizontal row, the circuit of an elevating magnet, and of a
shifting magnet will be closed, and the local circuit of the printing and feed magnets
will be closed by one of the stationary pins or stops.
The circuits of the elevating magnets, the shifting magnets, and the pin magnets
are controlled by the keys, while the printing and feed magnets are preferably
located in a local circuit as shewn in Fig. 16, having normally open branches one
of which is controlled preferably by the armatures of two pin magnets, and
another of which is controlled by the positioning arm co-operating with the
stop pius.
The releasing magnet e20 is included in a branch circuit from the local battery 9',
one wire of the said branch being joined to a circuit terminal k with which
co-operates the armature a" of the elevating magnet a¹, the other wire 3 of the
said branch being joined to the armature a¹ of the elevating magnet a", the
armature a co-operating with a circuit terminal 4 joined by wires to
the armature a¹º.
The releasing magnet in practice may be controlled by an independent key
operating the contact pens f, f
When the independent key referred to is operated, the circuits of two elevating
nagnets, shewn in Fig. 16, as the magnets a, a, are closed, thereby energizing
the said magnets, and bringing their armatures into contact with the circuit
terminals,, and closing the local circuit of the releasing magnet, which circuit
may be traced as follows, viz. :— -From the positive pole of the battery go through
the releasing magnet e2, wire 1, terminal 2, armature a¹, wire 5, terminal ko,
armature a's, and wires, back to the negative pole of the battery.

page_text: The feed magnet e¹ may be operated independently of the printing magnet, and
this result may be effected as shewn in Fig. 16, by closing a branch of the local
battery 9 by two pin magnets, shewn in said fig. as the pin magnets 67, 617 3a.
За
An independent key on the key-board is provided with the contact arms or
springs, which close the circuits of the pin magnets 617 617 38 causing them
to attract their armatures and close the local circuit of the feed magnet, which
circuit may be traced as follows, viz. :--From the positive pole of the battery 9³ by
wire 96, feed magnet e17, wire p², armature 614 3, terminal g³, wires p², p¹, terminal gr,
armature 14, and wire g¹ to the negative pole of the battery.
The instrument, as thus far described, may be used after the manner of the
ordinary mechanical typewriter, for office work, as an electro-mechanical type-
writer, and it is also designed and adapted to be connected in circuit with one or
more like instruments for intercommunication, and when thus connected, each
instrument may be used as a transmitter or as a receiver, and the change
from a transmitter to a receiver may be effected by the circuit controlling
device D.
When the instrument is to be used as a transmitter, the circuit controllers D D¹
are moved, so as to place their co-operating springs in contact with the insulating
blocks or pieces of the said circuit controllers.
When in this position, the circuit of any one of the elevating, shifting, and pin
magnets of the transmitting instrument, is closed by its contact pen, when the
latter is brought into engagement with its co-operating circuit terminal, and at
the same time, the circuit is completed at the receiving instrument through the
elevating, shifting, and pin magnets of said receiving instrument connecting to the
elevating, shifting, and pin magnets of the transmitting instrument, which have
been energized by the depression of a character key.
The circuit terminals for the elevating, shifting, and pin magnets of the receiving
instrument .are electrically connected to the conducting bar or strip 13 of the
circuit controller D for said receiving instrument, and in this way, the circuit
terminals of the said receiving instrument are connected to the negative pole of the
batterye by the common return for the battery 190, which common return is
partially represented in Fig. 16, by the wires 21, 180, the positive pole of the
battery being connected by wire 200 to the contact pens of the transmitting
instrument.
As represented in Fig. 16, each elevating, shifting and pin magnet is connected
by a line wire to a corresponding elevating, shifting and pin magnet of another
instrument and when thus connected, the instruments are working on what may be
termed as the cable system.
The cable system may be advantageously employed for short distances, but for
long distances, we prefer to employ what may be termed the one wire system.
When the electro-mechanical typewriter is to be used on a one wire system,
that is, where two or more instruments are connected by a single wire, a key-board,
substantially such as shewn in Figs. 17 and 18, is used, and in practice, the said
key-board may be substituted for the key-board shewn in Fig. 2.
In the key-board shewn in Figs. 17 and 18, the key levers d2 are adapted to
operate contact arms or circuit terminals w secured to an insulating block w¹, each
contact arm constituting one member of a normally closed circuit controller, and
also one member of a normally open circuit controller.
The co-operating member for the normally closed circuit controller is shewn as
a spring arm w² secured to the insulating block w', and the co-operating member
of the normally open circuit controller is shewn as a metallic pin, stud or
projection w extended through an insulating roll w' mounted on a conducting
shaft w having bearings in suitable uprights or supports secured to the base w.
The shaft and the contact pins 23 form one terminal of a normally open local
circuit, the co-operating terminal of which is the contact arm or spring w.
The local circuit referred to, includes within it a battery w and an electro-
magnet w³.

page_text: The battery wo
as represented in Fig. 20, is also included in a normally closed
circuit having in it an electro-magnet w, the contact arms w, w² forming the
terminals for the said normally closed circuit.
The circuit terminal carrying surface or roll w¹ is used both in a transmitting
and in a receiving instrument, and when used on a transmitting instrument, the roll
may be and preferably is rotated continuously or substantially so by means of an
electric motor 100 having its armature shaft w12 provided with a pinion w13
(see Fig. 17) in mesh with a gear w¹ on the roller shaft w, but when the roll w is
used on a receiving instrument, the said roll is rotated step by step by means of an
escape wheel or gear w keyed on the shaft and engaged by pallets 16,
11:27
on
a pallet bar w forming part of the armature of a polarized electro-magnet w, the
said pallet bar, as shewn in Fig. 17, being pivoted as at w to an upright supported
by the base w'.
The escapement wheel 15 is constructed in any suitable manner to engage the
roll and to be disengaged therefrom.
The disengagement may be effected as represented in Fig. 17, by means of a
handle or clutch bar w200
2025
The shaft ws of the roller we also has mounted on it, as shewn in Fig. 17,
a ratchet or escape wheel w21 to operate a pole-changer consisting, as herein
shown, (see Fig. 20) of two arms w22, 23 co-operating with two sets of
contacts 24, 26, 27, the contacts w24, 26 being of like polarity and connected
to one side 28 of the line, and the contacts wo25, 27 being of like polarity and
connected to the other side w29 of the line.
,
Each member w22, 23, is preferably composed of two arms electrically connected
together, (see Fig. 234) but which are represented in Fig. 20, as a single piece.
The pole changing members or arms 1022, 1023 are joined by wires w³, w, to
opposite poles of the battery w, herein shewn in Fig. 20, as to the negative and
positive poles of the said battery.
The main line 38 includes in it an electro-magnet 33 having its armature 34
connected, as shewn in Fig. 20, by wire w to one pole of a local battery 3, the
said armature forming one member of a normally open circuit controller for the
said local battery, the other member of which is a back stop w37 connected by
wire to a selecting arm w fast on the shaft w³, but electrically separated
therefrom by insulation w10.
The selecting arm w³ co-operates with a series of circuit terminals, as will be
described, to which the electro-magnets of the instrument are connected.
The selecting arm w, as shewn in Figs. 20 and 204, is provided with three
contact pens or brushes w10, w11, w12, which co-operates, as shewn in said figs., with
three independent circuit terminals w¼, w, 2016
2016
The circuit terminals 2014, 2015, are preferably secured to the face of an
insulating support or disk w (see Figs. 17 and 23) mounted on a hub or sleeve w18
loose on the roller shaft w³, the said disk, as represented in Fig. 23, being held
stationary or in a fixed position by means of an arm w, extended from the disk
through the cover 50 for the key-board, the said arm having secured to it a
locking device, shewn as a handle w adapted to engage one of a series of notches
in the said cover.
The circuit terminals 2014, 2015, 2016 are arranged on the disc preferably in
concentric circles as represented in Fig. 23, and the number of circuit terminals
required to produce any particular letter or character will preferably be arranged
in radial lines.
Referring to Fig. 20, the elevated magnet a" is connected by its wire bu to the
terminal w, the shifting magnet 625 by its wire k to the terminal w45, and the pin
magnet 172 by its wire k³ to the terminal w16.
2a
When the contact brushes w10, 11, 12 on the selecting arm w³ are in contact
with the circuit terminals w14, 2015, 216, and the local circuit of the battery w³ is
closed by the armature w³ of the electro-magnet 33, which may be effected as will
be described, the elevating magnet a¹, the shifting magnet 6" and the pin

page_text: magnet
will be energized, and a letter, viewing Fig. 12, in the second
horizontal row, at the left of the normal vertical row, and in the third vertical row
from the normal row, will be printed.
This letter is shewn in Fig. 12, as P.
The circuit terminal pins or studs w³ are arranged spirally around the movable
roller or surface w³, and each pin or stud has co-operating with it a terminal pen or
brush w, there being one such terminal pen or stud for each character key on the
key-board.
The number of circuit terminals 2014, 2015, 2010, arranged in a radial line on the
disk depends upon the number of magnets required to be energized to effect the
printing of any particular character.
When the instrument is used as a transmitter, the printing of any particular
character or letter is effected, as shewn in Fig. 18, by depressing a key lever, and
through the instrumentality of the arm secured to the said lever, depressing
the terminal pen w and bringing it into the path of movement of a terminal stud
or pin ³, so that, when in the revolution of the roll w, the terminal pin or stud
strikes the pen w, the circuit of the magnet w is closed.
When the circuit of the magnet w is closed, as described, the armature w of
the said magnet is attracted and brought in contact with its back stop w61, thereby
closing a short circuit for the main line battery w32, which short circuit may be
traced in Fig. 20, as follows, viz. ;-From the positive pole of the battery waz by
wires w31, 63, to wire w, thence to the armature w60, back stop wel, wires w6, 2030
to the negative pole of the battery w32. The short circuiting of the main line
battery is equivalent to breaking the main line, and consequently, the magnet w33
is demagnetized to such extent as to permit the spring 68 to withdraw the
armature w³ and bring it into engagement with its back stop w³, thereby closing
the circuit of the local battery w³ at that point.
The local circuit of the battery w36 is also closed at the selecting arm w, and
those magnets of the instrument will be energized, which are connected to the
circuit terminals on the disk w17 with which the contact pens of the selecting arm
are in contact.
When the instrument is used as a receiver, the circuit terminal-carrying roll w
of the receiving instrument is rotated step by step by means of the polarized
electro-magnet w operating the escapement wheel through its pallet bar w18, and
when the main line is short circuited or practically broken at the transmitting
instrument, as above described, the electro-magnet w33 of the receiving instrument
is demagnetized and the circuit of the local battery w36 of the receiving instrument
is closed by the armature 34 being brought in contact with the back stop w³7.
In this manner the character or letter of the receiving instrument corresponding
to the character or letter of the transmitting instrument is printed.
The instrument is provided with a unison device, by means of which the circuit
terminal carrying rolls w of the transmitting and receiving instrument, may be
rotated in unison.
The unison device, herein shewn, consists of a ratchet wheel w70 (see Fig. 23)
loose on a stud or arbor w" and engaged by a pawl w2 secured to the roller
shaft w, the said pawl being shewn as a part of a collar w3 fast on the shaft w³.
The ratchet wheel w is provided with an arm or projection w, shewn in dotted
lines Fig. 23, adapted to be brought into engagement with a pin or stud won an
arm or lever w", loose on the shaft or arbor w and connected by a link w78 to the
arm or handle 2010.
The pin w is preferably adjustably secured to the arm w", it being herein
shewn as inserted into one of a series of holes w79 in the said arm.
The operation of the unison device is as follows, viz. :—The ratchet wheel w70 is
moved in the direction indicated by arrow 40 one tooth at each revolution of the
roller shaft w, by the pawl w72 until the arm w engages the pin or stud w76, which
stops the rotation of the roller-shaft w³.
The ratchet-wheel w70 is engaged by a holding pawl wo, shewn in Fig. 23, as a

page_text: bar, guided in a suitable upright and pivotally connected, as shewn in Fig. 17, to
a crank or arm w81 on a stud or pin 2 secured to, preferably, the armature w³4 of
the electro-magnet w³³.
The magnet w³ in practice, may be short circuited by an independent key, which
we prefer to designate as the unison key, and which in practice acts on an
independent contact arm or terminal 1083 co-operating with a terminal stud or
pin won the roller w*.
The contact arm 183, as shewn in Fig. 20, is joined by wire w to the wire we,
and when the shaft w is electrically connected to the battery 1032, by the brush w83
and wires 81, 83, the unison short circuit for the battery 2 may be traced as
follows, viz. From the positive pole of the battery w32 by wires 31, 3, 4 and
brush w83 to the shaft w, thence by terminal stud or pin w³, contact arm or
terminal 83, wires w84, 205, 30 to the negative pole of the battery.
:
The position of the unison stop or pin 7 with relation to the unison arm w may
be varied as desired, by adjusting the said pin or stop in the holes w, to enable
the roll w to be revolved any desired number of times before being stopped by the
unison.
The electro-mechanical printing instrument has thus far been described as an
electro-mechanical typewriter to produce the usual characters and letters employed
on the ordinary mechanical typewriter, but we do not desire to limit ourselves to
this specific use of the instrument, as it can be used for other purposes.
For instance, the instrument may be used to print stock or other quotations,
after the manner of the ordinary stock ticker.
Fig. 19 shews the instrument as adapted to be used for printing stocks and like
quotations.
The construction of the instrument shewn in Fig. 19, is the same as that of the
instrument shewn in Fig. 2, with the exception that in the instrument shewn in
Fig. 19, the carriage is omitted, and the hammer set substantially at a right angle
to the position shewn in Fig. 2.
In the instrument shewn in Fig. 19, the roll of paper, of substantially small
width, as shewn in Fig. 24, is wound upon a reel w, mounted on a shaft having
bearings in uprights wl, the said paper, as herein shewn, being carried upwards
behind guide rolls wx and between a feed roll w³ and presser-roll w³.
The feed roll w93 is rotated one tooth of a ratchet wheel was fast on the shaft of
the said roller, by a push pawl we pivoted on a lever 07 loosely mounted on the
shaft of the said feed roller, and provided at its opposite end with forks w
embracing a pin or stud w100 secured to the hammer.
The hammer 6, as shewn in Figs. 19 and 24, lies in a substantially horizontal
plane, and is fast on a rock-shaft to having bearings in the frame-work of the
instrument, and at or near its lower end, the said hammer has secured to it the
armature 66 of the printing magnet.
In operation, the hammer is moved forward against the paper when the armature
of the printing magnet is attracted, and at each forward movement of the hammer,
the pin or stud w100 engages the fork w and turns the lever w" so as to engage the
push pawl with a new tooth of the ratchet, and on the backward movement of
the hammer, caused by the withdrawal of the armature from the printing magnet,
the pin or stud 100 engages the fork 8 and turns the lever so as to push the
pawl we forward, and thereby rotate the feed roll to present a new or clean surface
of paper to be printed upon.
The position of the type-carrier with relation to the hammer by the electro-
magnets of the instrument, and the closing of the local circuit containing the
printing magnet, are effected in precisely the same manner and by the same means,
as already described with relation to the instrument used as an electro-mechanical
typewriter.
In Fig. 16, the printing magnet 7 is shewn as included in the local circuit
provided with two normally open branches, one being controlled by the

page_text: armatures 6,144, 14 2 of the pin magnets 617, 6,17 2, and the other being controlled by
the positioning arm b, but we do not desire to limit ourselves in this respect, as the
printing magnet may be included in a local circuit having two normally closed
branches.
Referring to Fig. 21, the printing magnet 637 is in a normally closed shunt
circuit, it being connected to the common return wire R and to the wire p" corre-
sponding to the wire 200 in Fig. 16.
When the printing magnet 7 is included in a shunt circuit, the circuit is normally
closed at the positioning arm b, as represented in Fig. 21, and also at the
armatures 14, 142, of the pin magnets 1,17,17 2, the said armatures co-operating
with back stops p26, 27, the said back stops, as represented in Fig. 21ª, being
connected by wires 28, 29 to one side of the line, and the armatures 614, 614 being
joined by wires p³0, to the other side of the line.
و
ور في تقصير
The printing magnet 637 as represented in Fig. 21, is shunted, and remains
inoperative until the circuit is broken either by the energizing of the two pin
magnets 617, 172, or by the movement of the positioning arm b, and when the
circuit is opened as described, the current then passes through the printing magnet
and energizes the same, thereby effecting the printing of a character or letter.
In practice, a series of instruments may be connected together, and any one of
the series may be used as a transmitter, and all the other instruments on the circuit
may be used as receivers.
In many instances, it may be desired to establish private communication between
two or more instruments to the exclusion of the other instruments on the circuit, so
that a message transmitted from one instrument may be received by one or more
of the other instruments connected in circuit, to the exclusion of the remaining
instruments on the circuit.
When the instruments are connected together on what is known as the cable
system, this result may be obtained by means of combination or individualizing
switches, by which the line circuit is converted into a private line for the
instruments having the combination, while the other instruments may be still in
circuit.
When any two or more subscribers desire secrecy, upon notice, each will set his
instruments with the combination switches on special contacts common to only the
said particular subscribers, and the sending operator will manipulate his keys just
as when sending a general message, but the message sent by him can be read only
on the particular machines having the same special contacts, all other machines if
in receptive condition receiving a jumble of letters or an unintelligible message.
Any two or more subscribers may have special contacts arranged in a special
manner for their own use, and when their instruments are set for special work, no
other subscribers can get the message intelligibly.
An instrument of one subscriber may have a special series of contacts for a
second subscriber, and yet another special series of contacts for yet a third
subscriber, but the special contacts of the second and third subscribers will not be
alike.
4
Referring to Fig. 22, we have shewn nine pens or brushes ƒ ƒ¹, ƒ ƒ³, f^, ƒ³×
fx, fxx, forming one member of one form of combination or individualizing
switch, the other member consisting, as herein shewn, of a series of metallic studs
or buttons 20, the buttons being also designated by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, because said buttons so numbered are in circuit with the wires 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9.
The contact buttons or studs f 20 are secured to a base or frame f³ attached to a
rack bar fin mesh with a pinion f having mounted upon its shaft outside the
case a pointer f which registers with the members on the side of the box ƒ³.
The base or frame is provided as herein shewn, with nine like rows of buttons,
arranged in lines transversely, the buttons of each row being, however, differently
numbered from the first row of buttons, the individual circuit wires connected to

page_text: the buttons numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, of the first row, being also connected to
similarly marked buttons of the remaining rows for a purpose, as will be
described.
The base or frame f³, as represented, is adapted to slide in suitable guide-
ways 10 secured as represented, to the sides of the box or case f³.
Before describing the operation of the combination switch, we will say that the
first row of buttons may be used in common with all the instruments in the line;
but if one or more subscribers desire to have private communications which cannot
be understood by other than the proper subscriber, the said subscribers will have
the buttons in the second and other rows arranged as a code and so that when the
movable member of the switch is put into communication with a second or third
row of buttons and the machine and all the machines in condition of receptivity
except those set up with the same code row, will print a jumble of letters, but the
instrument having like codes will print correctly.
The operation of our improved combination switch may be more readily under-
stood by a reference to the diagram of circuits shown in Figs. 25 and 26.
Referring to Fig. 25 two stations B10, B12 are represented, only a portion of the
wires connected to the magnets of each being shown.
8x
In this fig., the wires connected to the magnets a¹, a¹³, a¹6, 625-626, 617, 617, 617 2ª,
617 8, operated by the depression of key levers d' in the said stations are respectively
connected by suitable wires to the contact springs f, f¹, ƒ³‚ ƒ³, ƒ^, ƒ³×‚ ƒ³×ƒ7×, ƒ³×,
of the stationary member of the combination switch, and these latter are in contact
with the first row of studs or buttons marked respectively 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
connected to the corresponding buttons of the combination switch in the station B¹
by line wires marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and all instruments print alike.
Referring now to the second row of contact buttons or studs, a code row, the
buttons are arranged in a different order from those shown in the first row, and are
connected by branch wires f30 to the line wire corresponding to the number on the
stud or button, as for instance, the first button or stud in the second row which is
in line with the stud or button marked 1 of the first row, is marked 2; the second
button 4; the third button 5; the fourth button 3; the fifth button 1; the sixth
button 6; the seventh button 8; the eighth button 7, and the ninth button 9, and
these buttons, as above stated, are connected by the wires f30 to line wires 2, 4, 5,
3, 1, 6, 8, 7 and 9.
The third and other rows of buttons are numbered yet differently from the first
and second rows, and are connected by the branch wires f30 to their respective line
wires.
When the movable member f³ of the combination switch used in connection with
the apparatus in each station occupies the position shown in Fig. 25, with the first
row of contact studs in contact with the brushes f to f', and fix to fx inclusive, a
signal sent from one station as B10 will be correctly transmitted to each instrument
in circuit with it provided it has the movable member of its co-operating switch in
a like position.
If now, it is desired that two subscribers or stations on a line communicate with
each other privately and without danger of having their messages printed upon
any other machines in circuit with them, the said subscribers may move their com-
bination switches so as to bring their private code rows of studs or buttons in
contact with the pens or brushes f to f' and fox, to f** inclusive.
In Fig. 26, the movable member of the combination switches in the
stations B1, B2 have been so moved, and the brushes f to fª, and ƒ³× to ƒ³×
inclusive co-operate with the second row of contact studs or buttons.
If now, the operator in station B depresses the lever-key of his instrument to
close the circuit of magnet a", the current will be transmitted through the contact
brush f, stud 2 of the second row, branch wire f30 to the line wire 2, thence to the
branch wire f30 in the station B12, to the contact stud or button 2 of the second
row, thence through the contact pen or brush f to the magnet a¹ controlling the
operation of a lay lever of the receiving instrument B12 and the letter selected in
C

page_text: the sending station is printed in the receiving station provided the subscriber
has put the second row of buttons of his instrument in proper place, but any
other subscriber without the same code rows, if their machine, receive, will print a
jumble.
It will thus be seen, that when the combination switches occupy the position
shown in Fig. 26, the line wire 2 being in use, that when the key lever controlling
the magnet a at the sending instrument is depressed, that, see the diagram shown
in Figs. 26 and 25, the line wire 2 will complete the circuits of the magnets al
operating the letters of the other type-writers in the circuit provided they do not
have the same code buttons, and if they have, that the said code buttons are not in
place, or if the brushes f, f¹, etcetera, are on the front row, the combination switches
occupy their normal position shown in condition for general work.
It will also be readily seen, that if the movable member of the combination
switch in any station is moved to place any other row of contact studs than
the row 2 in engagement with the brushes f to f, and fx to 8x inclusive, a
different line wire from the line wire 2 will be energized and a magnet controlling
a different letter from the magnet of the key-lever depressed manually. will be
operated, so that while the two stations having their combination switches arranged
as it may be said in unison, receive a perfectly correct and legible communication,
the other instruments connected to the line circuit will print a miscellaneous and
confused mass of letters which will mean nothing.
It will thus be seen, that by means of the combination switch, private communi-
cation may be had on a line circuit in which is included a series of instruments, and
with the same instruments and line circuits, the general communication between all
the stations or subscribers may be obtained.
In other words, the combination switch renders it possible for a number of
instruments to be connected together in one common circuit, and at the same time.
give to each instrument or subscriber a private line circuit whenever desired.
We have represented in Figs. 22, 25 and 26, one form of combination switch or
circuit controller by which we may effect this result, and the same effect may be
obtained with other forms, as for instance, with the switch shown in Fig. 22
wherein the movable member is shown as a roller or cylinder f¹ provided with rows
of contact studs or buttons.
So, also, it is evident that the wires themselves may be arranged and connected
together in different combinations and in reality the forms of switch shown in
Figs. 22 and 22^, are merely convenient mechanical methods for carrying such-
arrangement and combination of wires into effect.
In practice each instrument, subscriber, or sub station, will be given a
distinguished or private character code rows one or more by which it may be
known how to couple up the combination switches in the different stations.
This may be effected on the one wire system by removing the roll w' employed
for general work, and substituting therefor another roll having its pins or circuit.
terminals w³ arranged in a different manner from those on the roll used for general
work.
When the new roll w has been placed in position on the machine, the circuit-
terminal carrying disk w17 is moved so as to bring the circuit terminals thereon
into position to correspond with the arrangement of the pins or circuit terminals on
the roll w¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The use in an electro-mechanical type writing apparatus; of a movable
character or type carrier positively rotated in one plane or direction and longi-
tudinally moved in a different plane or direction by electro magnets, the latter
being governed in their operation by circuit controllers; substantially as described..
2. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a character or

page_text: type carrier having its characters or types arranged in rows, electro-magnets, and
suitable connections controlled by character keys to move said carrier both
vertically and horizontally as required to bring any desired character into position
to print, substantially as described.
3. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a character or
type-carrier, and electro magnets to move said carrier in different directions and
control the direction or length of movement in one direction, and circuit controllers
governing the magnets, substantially as described.
4. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a movable
character or type-carrier positively rotated in one plane or direction, and
longitudinally moved in a different plane or direction, by electro magnets which
are governed in their operation by circuit controllers, substantially as described.
5. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a movable
character or type-carrier moved in one direction by an electro-magnet and in
another direction by a second electro-magnet, the duration or length of the move-
ment in one direction being controlled by an electro magnet, the operation of said
magnets being governed by circuit controllers, substantially as described.
6. The use in an electro-mechanical type writing apparatus, of a character or
type carrier moved axially and pivotally by different electro-magnets, a hammer or
striker operated by an electro-magnet to effect the printing of a letter or character
and governed by independent circuit controllers, the magnets governing the move-
ment of the type carrier being controlled by circuit controllers rendered operative
by manipulation of character keys, substantially as described.
7. The use in an electro-mechanical type writing apparatus, of a revoluble type-
carrier provided with a plurality of characters, a positioning arm to revolve with
the carrier, movable stops connected in pairs co-operating with said arm, and electro-
magnets to operate said type-carrier and stops, and governed by circuit controllers,
substantially as described.
8. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a character or
type-carrier provided with a plurality of letters or characters and moved in
different directions by electro-magnets, a multiplying device for moving the carrier,
a striker or hammer, and electro-magnets to operate the said multiplying device
the hammer or striker and governed by circuit controllers, substantially as described.
9. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a type carrier
provided with a plurality of characters, a positioning device movable with said
type-carrier and having a stop, and a printing magnet operated by the said arn. c.
the stop, substantially as described.
10. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a type-carrier
longitudinally movable on a pivot and provided with characters arranged in rows,
a positioning device to move with the carrier, electro magnets to move the type
carrier longitudinally on the pivot and to revolve the type-carrier in opposite
directions, movable stops operated in pairs by electro magnets governed by circuit
controllers, a hammer or striker actuated by an electro-magnet and governed by
the electro magnet actuating the movable stops and by the positioning device,
substantially as described.
11. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing apparatus, of a type-carrier
provided with characters arranged in substantially horizontal and vertical_rows,
and moved in one direction by a plurality of electro-magnets and moved in a
different direction by electro-magnets, and a positioning device movable with the
said type carrier, stops operated by electro magnets to co-operate with said device,
and a transforming device to control the circuits of the electro magnets effecting
the movements of the type-carrier, substantially as described.
12. The use in an electro-mechanical type writing apparatus, of a type carrier
provided with a plurality of characters arranged in rows, the said type carrier being
elevated different distances by a plurality of electro-magnets, and the movement of
the type carrier in a different direction being positively effected by electro-magnets,
a positioning device or arm movable with the said type-carrier, and stops or pins

page_text: operated by electro-magnets to co-operate with said arm or device, and a carriage
moved in a forward direction across the face of the type-carrier by an electro-
magnet, a hammer or striker operated by an electro-magnet, and electro magnetically
governed mechanism to effect the movement of the carriage in a backward direction,
substantially as described.
13. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing or printing apparatus, of a
circuit-terminal-carrying roll and circuit terminals co-operating with the terminals
on the said roll, and the circuit, terminal disk or support loosely mounted on said
roll and adapted to be moved on the roll to vary the position of its terminals with
relation to the terminals on the roll, and a contact arm or brush fast to the roll
to revolve therewith and co-operating with the circuit terminals of the disk, sub-
stantially as described.
14. The use in an electro-mechanical type writing or printing apparatus, of a
movable type-carrier provided with a plurality of characters and operated by an
electro-magnet, and means operated by the electro-magnet to produce a multiplied
movement of the type carrier and a positioning device or arm for said type carrier,
means operated by an electro magnet to engage the positioning device or arm and
stop the movement of the type carrier, and an electro-magnetically actuating striker
or hammer, substantially as described.
15. The use in an electro mechanical type writing or printing apparatus, of a
pivotal shaft on which a type-carrier is longitudinally movable by an electro-magnet
and revolved by a second electro-magnet which also actuates a positioning arm or
device, and circuit controllers for said electro-magnets, and an electro-magnetically
operated hammer or striker, substantially as described.
16. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing or printing apparatus, of a
type-carrier, and a movable arm or device, each revoluble in opposite directions,
the movement of the said arm in opposite directions being effected by independent
electro magnets, movable stops or pins arranged on opposite sides of the normal
position of the movable arm or device to co-operate with it and operated by indepen-
dent electro-magnets governed in their operation by circuit controllers, substantially
as described.
17. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing or printing apparatus, of a
movable type-carrier provided with a plurality of characters and moved by an
electro-magnet, a multiplied movement of the said type-carrier being produced by
means operated by said electro-magnet, a hammer or striker operating on the type-
carrier, a movable paper-carrying carriage moved across the face of the type-carrier
by an electro magnet, and circuit controllers governing the operation of the electro-
magnets, substantially as described.
18. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing or printing apparatus, of a
movable-carrier provided with a plurality of characters, and a positioning arm or
device movable with said type-carrier, and stops or pins connected together to be
moved simultaneously and co-operating with said positioning arm or device, said stops
or pins and said type carrier being operated by electro-magnets governed by circuit
controllers, substantially as described.
19. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writing or printing apparatus, of a
transmitter consisting of character keys and a plurality of independent circuit
controllers composed of stationary and movable circuit terminals, a plurality of
movable circuit terminals being operated by each of the said character keys,
substantially as described.
20. The use in an electro mechanical type-writing or printing apparatus, of a
type-carrier provided with a plurality of characters and adapted to be moved by an
electro-magnet, and a positioning device movable with the type carrier a plurality
of stops or pins operated by a plurality of electro magnets connected to circuit
terminals, and a plurality of circuit controllers operated by each of a series of
character keys in such manner that the circuit controllers operated by a particular
character key depend upon the position of the character or letter on the type
carrier which corresponds to the said particular key, substantially as described.

page_text: 21. The use in a system of type-writer intercommunication between different
points, of a character or type carrier at each point in electro magnetic connection
with and controlled by a series of character keys at each point, and a switch at
each point having a plurality of pens or brushes and a series of general and special
contacts or buttons, the said contacts being electrically connected with the electric
connections between the carriers at different points, and means to change the
relative positions of the brushes or buttons whereby manipulation of one of the
series of character keys will transmit intelligible messages to one or more of
the different points and only a jumble of letters to the other points, substantially as
described.
22. The use in a system of type-writer intercommunication between different
points, of a type carrier provided with a plurality of characters and adapted to be
moved by an electro magnet, and a positioning device movable with the type-carrier,
a plurality of stops or pins operated by a plurality of electro-magnets connected to
circuit terminals, and a plurality of circuit controllers operated by each of a series
of character keys in such manner that the circuit controllers operated by a particular
character key depend upon the position of the letter or character on the type-carrier
which corresponds to the said particular key, and a switch having a plurality of
pens or brushes, and a series of general and special contacts or buttons, and means
to change the relative positions of the brushes or buttons, and a series of branch
wires to connect the different contacts of the general and special series of contacts
with the wires connecting the magnets of the different type-carriers at different
stations, substantially as described.
23. The use in a type-writer system of intercommunication, of a series of character
or type-carriers, each movable in different directions and having the duration or
length of movement in one direction controlled by or through electro-magnets, and
circuit controllers governing the magnets, and a switch having a plurality of pens
or brushes and a series of general and special contacts or buttons, and means to
change the relative positions of the brushes or buttons, and a series of branch wires
to connect the different contacts of the general and special series of contacts with
the wires connecting the magnets of the different type-carriers at different stations,
substantially as described.
24. The use in a system of type writer intercommunication between different
points of a type-writing machine at each point having a series of character keys
in electro-magnetic connection with and controlling the characters, and a switch
at each point having a plurality of pens or brushes and a series of general and
special contacts or buttons, the said contacts being electrically connected with the
electric connections between the type writing machines at different points, and
means to change the relative positions of the brushes or buttons whereby mani-
pulation of one of the series of character keys will transmit intelligible messages
to one or more of the different points and only a jumble of letters to the other
points, substantially as described.
25. The use in an electro-mechanical type-writer system of intercommunication,
of a series of type-writers having electro-magnets to determine the selection of the
different letters or characters, the electro magnets of one instrument being
connected in circuit with corresponding electro-magnets of other type writers of
the series, and combination or individualizing switches for connecting two or more
of the type writers to thereby transmit a special message to the exclusion of the
other type-writers of the series, substantially as described.
Dated the 28th day of November 1892.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.