IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR THE MORE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF FUEL " SP
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Whitehead of Stratford House Highgate
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Gentleman and Francis Bowyer
Chadwick trading as Chadwick and Company of Cardiff in the County of
Glamorgan Railway Wagon and Financial Agents for an invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
FOR THE MORE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF FUEL
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Whitehead and Francis
Bowyer Chadwick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
24th April 1883.
DAVID WHITEHEAD of Stratford House Highgate Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Gentleman, and FRANCIS BOWYER CHADWICK trading as Chadwick and
Company of Cardiff in the County of Glamorgan, Railway Wagon and Financial
Agents IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
FOR THE MORE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF FUEL'
"
""
This invention has for its object improvements in the furnaces of steam boilers,
or other furnaces, for the more perfect combustion of fuel, and the prevention of
smoke, and consists in the first place of admitting air and steam under pressure, to
the underside of the fire bars.
In order to effect a perfect diffusion of the steam and air, we provide at the end
of a tube or tubes, a radiator, which serves to direct the current outwards without
any resistance. This radiator is advantageously in two parts, the base of which is
of a concave-convex shape, the top part is or may be flat, and provided with
diverging wings or pieces, in order to direct at different angles the current of air
and steam.
Instead of the pipe being connected at the one side, to this radiator, it may be
advantageously placed underneath, and the radiator circular, with diverging wings
or pieces, as before described.

page_text: The next part of our invention relates to the bridge, which may be of fire brick,
or may be of cast iron, with a water circulation, or of any other suitable
material.
This bridge is of an inverted U or arched section, forming a hollow chamber, into
which the steam and air, under pressure, is admitted. From thence it is directed
either at the top or back, by perforations, or apertures, of a convenient number,
and suitable angles, so as to form a series of jets. Another modification consists of
a bridge, which may serve to support the one end of the bars, as well as to carry
the ordinary fire brick bridge. The back of this bridge, is preferably at an angle
and perforated, so as to direct the current upwards, obliquely, and in the same
direction as the products of combustion.
Another part of our invention consists in dispensing with the necessity of a
hollow bridge. We employ a transverse pipe, which may advantageously be placed
below the bars, or through the bridge, or any other convenient position. This pipe
serves to convey the steam and air, and is distributed from the same by other pipes,
which are connected thereto at right angles, and which are of an L or curved shape,
and may be either vertical or at an angle, relative to each other, so as to cause the
jets or sprays to radiate, or commingle with each other, or be diffused as may be
desired. These pipes may be protected by any suitable fire resisting material.
It will be obvious that the radiator herein before described may be employed in
conjunction with the improvements in the fire bridges before referred to.
The supply of air is generated by the injection of steam thereby creating a
vacuum and drawing its supply of air which can be regulated in any, convenient
manuer by suitable means.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said David Whitehead and
Francis Bowyer Chadwick in the Patent Office on the 20th February 1884.
DAVID WHITEHEAD of Stratford House Highgate Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Gentleman and FRANCIS BOWYER CHADWICK trading as Chadwick and
Company of Cardiff in the County of Glamorgan Railway Wagon and Financial
Agents "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
FOR THE MORE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF FUEL "3
This Invention has for its object improvements in the furnaces of steam boilers'
or other furnaces for the more perfect combustion of fuel and the prevention of
smokė and consists in the first place of admitting air and steam under pressure, to
the underside of the fire bars, or to the back of the fire brick bridge by radiators of
the constructions hereafter described and illustrated.
In order that our invention may be more fully understood and advantageously
carried into effect we would refer to the accompanying Drawings which we intend'
should be taken as part of this specification and read therewith. Like parts bear
throughout the same reference letters.
t
Figure 1 is a front elevation and Figure 2 a longitudinal section of a boiler and
furnace illustrating the adaptation of the first part of our invention to a steam
boiler or other furnace.
are
Steam is lead from the boiler by a pipe fitted with cocks a. into the bell mouthed
pipes, air chambers, or conduits, A, A¹, open at said mouths to the air. The injec-
tion of steam into these pipes creates a vacuum therein and a quantity of air will
thereby be induced and incorporated with the steam. These two pipes A. A¹.
supported as shewn by hangers of any convenient type fixed to the furnace or
boiler, or by the brick work of the same and are when required protected from the
destructive action of the heat of the furnace by any convenient coating of fire
resisting material. The former pipe A; is continued under the grate, in a line with
its centre as shown in Figure 1, and terminates in one form of our improved
radiators, B, at a point behind the ordinary dead plate. This radiator of cast iron
or equivalent material, and made in one or two parts is shown in detail in Figures 9;
10, and 11. The former Figure is a side elevation, and Figure 10 a sectional plan
of the same. Figure 11 is a sectional plan of a radiator of this type, but with one
straight side and consequently with only one side of a semi-circular shape. The radiator
is fixed on the end of the conduit in any convenient way, for example by socket and
set screw as shewn. The base b of this type of radiator is of a concave convex shape
as shewn in Figures 2. 9. 10 and 11, and the mouth c. is divided by radial wings or
webs d joining top and bottom of radiator. It is the base of the radiator that
directs the issuing blast upwards through the furnace grate as shown in Figure 2
while the radial webs divide the blast, and, without checking its progress spread it
out right and left from its previous line of advance. The blast of steam and air is
thus directed under pressure through the grate and bed of fuel into the unconsumed'
gases and vapours of the furnace with which it is thoroughly commingled thereby
promoting and improving combustion.
The second conduit or air chamber A¹, is led at one side of the ash pit and under"
the furnace bars through the bridge, at which point it is bent up at a right angle
and fitted with another type of our radiators, C, see Figure 2. This is shown in
detail in Figures 7 and 8, the former a sectional elevation and the latter a front.
elevation.
It consists of a fan shaped hollow casting, of cast iron, or other equivalent
material and made in one or two parts with its throat e. constricted near the
mouth fand bent backwards. Webs c. c. of unequal lengths, according to their

page_text: position, and joining the front and back of the radiator, act on the issuing blast as
those described in the before mentioned radiator B, while the constriction and
backward bent mouth f serve to direct the blast into the gases and vapours that
have passed the bridge. The outlet f is so constructed as to prevent the dust and
ashes from choking or entering the radiator. It is obvious that this fan shaped
radiator may be made wider or narrower according to requirements and with its
mouth extended as indicated by the dotted lines Figure 8. Any convenient
number of these radiators may be arranged side by side.
Figure 3 illustrates in plan the use of two radiators of the type B and illustrated
to a larger scale in sectional plan Figure 11. They are arranged at the sides of the
ash pit, instead of a centrally as in Figures 1. 2 and 10. A fan shaped radiator of
the C type is arranged behind the bridge as shown.
These radiators may obviously be made in one piece with the dead plate or in
one piece with the bridge plate.
The front and back radiators may be used separately or in combination by the
regulation of their corresponding values as indicated in the elevation Figure 1.
It is obvious that a radiator may be placed at the underside of the fire bars and
of a circular shape with the air and steam admission pipe admitted to the underside
thereof and directed by diverging wings or divisions in a similar manner to that
described in the first part of our said invention.
Another form of radiator D is illustrated in front elevation at Figure 5 and at
Figure 6 in side elevation and as applied to a steam boiler furnace in Figures 12.
13 and 14, the three latter being respectively longitudinal section, sectional plan,
and transverse section, showing the use of radiators of this type under the furnace
and behind the bridge.
A transverse pipe F advantageously placed below the bars, or through the bridge
(or in any other convenient position) and conveniently fixed in a chamber G or
other suitable part under or near the bridge receives the steam and air from the
conduit in the same way as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. A series
of vertical or bent pipes H, H, spring from the transverse pipe F and crossing each
other or rather their lines of delivery mutually crossing but with their mouths
advantageously to the one side as shewn. By this arrangement we ensure a perfect
commingling of the steam and air jets with the vapours and gases from the furnace
and so realising the general aim of our invention.
Any type of radiator may be made with soot boxes M or similar arrangements
for cleaning as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
The aforesaid construction of radiator is applied in the last named Figures to the
underside of the fire bars and the delivery pipes may in this case also be connected
to a hollow dead plate or in the other case to a hollow bed plate forming the base
or other part of the bridge of the furnace.
Figure 4 shows in sectional elevation the application of a radiator B before
described and contained within an ordinary chamber E provided with holes or
apertures 6, whereby the steam and air is diffused more regularly within the
chamber.
Figure 15 is a modification of the method illustrated in Figure 4. The bridge J
is perforated with a suitable number of channels j through which the steam and
air rush from a box K into which they are fed by the conduit A
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention and in
what manner the same is advantageously carried into effect we would have it
understood that we claim :-
First. The application to furnaces of a radiator provided with diverging wings
or divisions d. for directing and diffusing the currents of air and steam from the
mouth in the manner and for the purposes herein described and illustrated with
reference to Figures 1. 2. 9 and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction of radiator shown and applied substantially in the
manner herein described and illustrated with reference to Figures 3 and 11 of the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Third. The construction of the fan shaped radiator for adaptation behind the fire
bridge, substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Figures 2. 3. 7
and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction and arrangement of radiators provided with tubes or
passages for the effectual diffusion of the air and steam either through the fire bars
or at the back of the fire bridge and operating in the manner herein set forth and
illustrated with reference to Figures 5. 6. 12. 13, 14 and 15 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof we the said David Whitehead and Francis Bowyer Chadwick
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Fifteenth day of February in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.