Improvements in Electrical Communicating Apparatus Applicable for Use in Navigable Vessels and other Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 23rd June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 9th Aug., 1887.
A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Communicating Apparatus Applicable
for Use in Navigable Vessels and other Purposes.
I, WILLIAM CHADBURN, of 11 Waterloo Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Optician do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object certain improvements hereinafter set forth in
electrical communicating apparatus which shall be applicable for use in navigable
vessels for communicating between different parts of structures, or stations, or places
such as navigable vessels."
An electrical communicating apparatus according to this Invention is provided with
manual transmitting and receiving instruments, provided with any desirable code, or
system of words, letters, figures or other ciphers. The transmitting and receiving
instrument are each provided with a similar code, or similar words, or ciphers, an
electrical device and system of circuit wires being provided for each word, or letter,
or cipher. These circuits are made and broken in the transmitting instrument and
are effected by any suitable means such as a switch device. The receiving instrument
is operated from the transmitter by a magneto, or magneto electric motor, consisting pre-
ferably of a rotary armature and field magnets, which is provided with controlling and
locking devices arranged and operating in connection with the transmitting instrument
by electro magnets in such a manner that the motor of the receiving instrument will
work the indicating device, or pointer up to the word, letter, or cipher which has been
transmitted and the pointer, or indicating device having arrived at the proper
position is then and there stopped and locked. The motor is energised in any suitable
way.
As an example of an application of my Invention, I will describe an electrical
communicating apparatus according to my Invention suitable for use in navigable
vessels such as say applied to the engine room and bridge "telegraph," or steering
telegraph." In such a case I prefer to use on the transmitting and receiving
instruments the dials, orders and manipulating handles and pointers substantially as
now employed.

page_text: Each order of the transmitting and receiving instruments is provided with a system
of wires leading from the transmitter to the locking, or controlling electro magnet
of the receiving instrument and returning to the transmitter. The terminals of each of
these sets of devices are arranged in the transmitting instrument in such a manner
that as the handle is passed over them a circuit is made and broken. When a
circuit is made with any one order, that is when a certain order is given the motor
armature is put in motion and the stop device is also ready to engage with the locking
device upon, or in connection with the motor armature spindle and when the pointer
of the receiving dial has been worked to the order set upon, or given in the
transmitter the locking, or stop device comes into operation and holds the motor and
the pointer in the locked position until a change of order is made.
This Invention is wholly, or in part applicable to many of the purposes to which
communications by electricity are effected.
When applying this Invention as a steering telegraph and the position of the rudder
is to be indicated, the apparatus at the rudder head is encased in an air tight case and
the spindles pass through stuffing boxes. An arm is connected to the tiller so that the
angle of the rudder is conveyed back to the steering dial on the bridge. Suitable
electrical connections at any suitable degree, say, 5° are made so that as the rudder
travels to one way or the other periodical indications will be given at the bridge of
such position.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1886

page_text: Improvements in Electrical Communicating Apparatus Applicable
for Use in Navigable Vessels and other Purposes.
I WILLIAM CHADBURN, of 11, Waterloo Road, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
My Invention has for its object certain improvements hereinafter set forth in
electrical communicating apparatus which shall be applicable for use for communicating
between different parts of structures, or stations or places, such as navigable vessels.
An electrical communicating apparatus according to this Invention is provided with
transmitting and receiving instruments, provided with any desirable code, or system
of words, letters, figures, or other cyphers. The transmitting and receiving instruments
are provided with a similar code, or similar words, or cyphers, an electrical device and
system of circuit wires being provided for each word, or letter, or cypher. These
circuits are made and broken in the transmitting instrument and are effected by any
suitable means such as a switch device. The receiving instrument is operated (from
the transmitter) by a magneto or magneto-electric motor, consisting preferably of a
rotary armature and field magnets which is provided with controlling and locking
devices arranged and operating in connection with the transmitting instrument by
electro magnets in such a manner that the motor of the receiving instrument will work
the indicating device, or pointer up to the word, letter, or cypher which has been
transmitted, and the pointer, or indicating device having arrived at the proper position
is then and there stopped and locked and the electric circuit is broken. The motor
is energised in any suitable way.
As an example of an application of my. Invention I will describe an electrical
communicating apparatus according to my Invention, suitable for use in navigable
vessels, such as, say, applied to the engine room and bridge "telegraph," or steering
telegraph." In such a case, I prefer to use on the transmitting and receiving
instruments, the dials, orders and manipulating handles and pointers substantially as
now employed.
Each order of the transmitting and receiving instruments is provided with a system
of wires leading from the transmitter to the locking or controlling electro magnet of
the receiving instrument and returning to the transmitter. The terminals of each of
these sets of devices are arranged in the transmitting instrument in such a manner
that as the handle is passed over them a circuit is made and broken. When a circuit is
made with any one order, that is when a certain order is given the motor armature is
put in motion and the stop device is also ready to engage with the locking device upon,
or in connection with the motor armature spindle and when the pointer of the receiving
dial has been worked to the order set upon, or given in the transmitter, the locking, or
stop device comes into operation and holds the motor and the pointer in the locked
position until a change of order is made.

page_text: This Invention is wholly, or in part applicable to many of the purposes to which
communications by electricity are effected.
When applying this Invention as a steering telegraph and the position of the rudder
is to be indicated, the apparatus at the rudder head is encased in an air tight case and
the spindles pass through stuffing boxes. An arm is connected to the tiller so that
the angle of the rudder is conveyed back to the steering dial on the bridge. Suitable
electrical connections at any suitable degree say 5° are made so that as the rudder travels
to one way, or the other periodical indications will be given at the bridge of such
position.
In order that this Invention may be clearly understood I have attached five sheets
of Drawings, which make a part of this Specification and are marked with letters and
figures of reference corresponding, with those used in this Specification, like letters and
figures being used to denote the same parts throughout the Drawings.
to this Invention.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of a transmitting instrument according to this Invention
shown with the dial and cover removed.
Figure 3 is a plan of the transmitting instrument the case and dial being shown in
section through A. A Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a front elevation of a receiving instrument according to this Invention
shown with the dial and cover removed.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of the receiving instrument, the case and dial being
shown in section.
Figure 6 is an elevation of the back of the receiving instrument shown at Figure 4
with the case removed.
Figure 7 is a sectional side elevation of the receiving instrument.
Figure 8 is an elevation of a dial of an engine order transmitting instrument.
Figure 9 is an elevation of a dial of an engine order receiving instrument.
Figure 10 is an elevation of a dial of a steering order, or tell tale transmitting
instrument.
In communicating apparatus it is most important that the transmission of the order
from the sending instrument to the receiving instrument shall be as rapid as possible,
and that the sender, can if required work the instruments from one extreme order to
another extreme order, or to intermediate orders for example in a Bridge and
Engine Room Telegraph on a Steam Ship, from say "Full Speed Ahead" to "Full
Speed Astern without having any stop, or check through passing the intermediate
orders. This important desideratum exists in apparatus constructed according to my
Invention and constitutes one of the essential features of this Invention, in which it
differs from other electrical communicating apparatus of the same type.
I will describe the placing of the instruments-batteries and connecting leads in a
simple form without provision for return orders, and as shown in the diagramatic
plan Figure 1.
L
A is the transmitting instrument (hereafter described in detail) having an order
dial, pointer. switch device and handle for working. B is the receiving instrument
(also hereafter described in detail) and having an order receiving dial, a pointer,
magneto-electric motor B and an order device E. C is an electric battery herein
spoken of as the line battery. D is another electric battery herein spoken of as the
local battery. E is an oscillatory or vibratory order device having a common
electrical conductor e and a non conducting dividing, or separating piece i.
F.are
the electric leads, or wires from the contact heads at a a³ a' as a ' of the trans-
mitting instrument A to the terminals 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 on the receiving instrument B,
which terminals ride on the common conductor e of the order device E.
leads and terminals correspond in number with the number of orders on the dials
These

page_text: of the instruments namely 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. in the example shown. E' is a locking
device in connection with the order device E. G is an electro-magnet for actuating
the armature and lock e¹ of the device E. The clectric lead, or wire from the switch
handle and pointer of the transmitting instrument is of duplex nature as shown by
the wires H H. By this duplex form the current of electricity can by means of the
alternating device J be reversed so that the electro-motor on the receiving instrument B
can be driven to the right, or to the left and thus follow the movement of the
handle of the transmitting instrument A. The alternating device J has two leads h h¹
to the electro-motor of the receiving instrument, the lead to energise the three
magnets and the lead h¹ to energise the magnets 6. f is the electric lead from
the local battery D to the magnets and 6 of the motor B¹ of the instrument B.
9, 9' is the lead from the local battery D to the alternating device J through the gate
or contactor d. is the lead from the line battery C to the electro-magnet G of the
locking device E' and is the lead from the line battery C to the magnet J' of
of the alternating device J. L is an electric bell device, L' is the battery thereof.
m is a lead to the gate or contactor d and n is a lead to the lock e' of the locking
device E. By this arrangement the bell is in circuit and rings whenever and all the
time that the order device E is unlocked.
The order device E is shown in the diagram Figure 1. separated from the motor B',
the magnet G, the gate or contactor d and the alternating device J. This is done
for clearness of explanation but in the actual receiving instrument these parts are all
combined in one instrument, the indicating pointer of the instrument being on or
worked by the same spindle as the order device E and the motor B₁ being arranged
to work such order device. For example the contact heads a² a² a³ a¹ a³ a² a on
the transmitting instrument correspond with the orders on the dial of such instrument,
say reading from the right Full Speed Ahead (7), Half Speed Ahead (6), Slow (5),
Stop (4) Slow Astern (3), Half Speed Astern (2), Full Speed Astern (1). The
handle of the instrument carries the two wires Hand H¹ in such a manner that
when moved to the left it is in contact with the wire H and when moved to the
right it is in contact with the wire H. Thus the electric current can be sent through
either the wire H, or the wire H' and the motor B₁ and by it, the order device E is
turned to the right or to the left and follows exactly the movements of the handle on
the transmitting instrument.
For example suppose the switch device of the handle of the transmitting instrument.
be moved from its central position (stop) in which position it is in contact with the
wire 4, to the order Full Speed Ahead the handle will be in contact with the wire H
and when it stops at Full Speed Ahead the switch device will be in contact with the
contact head of the wire 7 so that the electric current will flow through the wire 7
to its terminal 67 on the order device E and passes through the common conductor e
and through the duplex terminal 68 to the magnet G which it energises and causes
the unlocking of the order device by withdrawing the armature lock e¹ and then onto
the line battery C through the wire k, from the battery C the circuit is through
the wire H back to the switch of the transmitting instrument. The motor B' is
worked from the local battery D through the armature lock e causing the gate or
contactor d which in its normal state is held up by the spring d to make contact for
the wires and g and complete the circuit for the local battery. The current then
passes through the wire h so as to energise the magnets which then actuate the
motor, or revolving armature B2, which continues in action until it has brought the
dividing piece of the order device E under the terminal . This breaks the circuit
of the line battery C and causes the locking of the device E by the rising of the
armature lock e¹. This also breaks the circuit of the local battery D by the rising of
the gate or contactor d.
On the other hand if the circuit of the line battery is through the wire H¹ the
magnet J' of the alternating device J is energised and its armature is brought into
contact with the wire and the magnets of the motor B¹ are energised and it is
moved in the reverse direction.
In like manner the action above described with reference to the order Full Speed

page_text: Ahead will be the action for the other orders, the order device E always stopping
with the dividing piece under the terminal of the lead from the order which has
been sent from the transmitting instrument.
Figures 2 to 9 inclusive illustrate an arrangement of transmitting and receiving
instruments suitable for use for sending and receiving orders from the bridge to the
engine room of a steam ship. Figures 2. 3 and S show the transmitting instrument
spoken of as A in reference to Figure 1 and marked with the orders therein set forth.
The instrument consists of a case A¹ having a diaphragm A² carrying the contact
heads a¹ a² a³ a as a a and a central spindle A³ on which is mounted a lever A having
a spring switch, A. This spring switch is caused to ride over the above contact heads by
means of the lever A and the handle A' which are carried by the spindle A. The
connection between the lever A1 and the lever A is by means of the pin A°. The
wires, or leads H H¹ before spoken of are connected to the side pieces H² H³ on
the lever A in such a manner that if the lever A is moved one way the pin A" will
come in contact with the wire H and if it is moved the other way it will come in
contact with the wire H¹ and so the electric circuit will be made either through the
wire H, or the wire H' according to the lever A being moved to the right, or to the
left by the handle A'. The instrument is provided with a pointer and a dial with
the orders as shown at Figure 8, divided so as to come opposite the contact heads
a² a² a³ a¹ a³ a³ a. The wires 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 lead to the terminals b¹² b³ 14 15 16 17
on the receiving instrument.
The receiving instrument is shown in detail at Figures 4. 5. 6 and 7. It contains
the motor B the order device E, the locking device El magnet G, contact device d
alternating device J as above set forth in reference to Figure 1 in a combined form
in one instrument. The motor B₁ consists of a revolving armature B² formed by
two discs connected together by bars. To work the armature there are six magnets,
three of which (b) work it one way and three of which (1) work it the other way the
terminal spring pieces B³ being arranged on a controlling wheel B' to this end. The
magnets are energised by the wire and the magnets are energised by
the wire . The motor B is arranged to run at a higher speed than the order
device E and for this purpose the spindle p of the motor B' is geared to the spindle 9 of
the order device E by a train of wheels s. The spindle 7 of the order device E carries
a pointer which is set in such relation to the dividing piece i as to indicate the order
at which the piece i stops which oscillates, or vibrates in front of the dial u which is
provided with orders as shown at Figure 9 which correspond with the terminals
²² ³ ³ ³ of the wires 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7 set forth in relation to Figure 4. The
order device E as shown is made of a disc of ebonite, one side having a circum-
ferential wire e which acts as a common conductor for the above terminals and which
is provided with a non conducting dividing piece i by which the electric circuit is
broken when the disc brings the piece i under the terminal through which the current
is passing. The other side of the disc has a circumferential metal ring provided with
notches. This forms the locking device E' into which the projection e² on the end
of the armature e¹ of the magnet G catches as set forth in reference to Figure 1. The
armature e also serves to make contact with the wires g g¹ of the local battery D aud
with the wires n and m of the electric bell battery.
In operation as soon as the electric circuit is formed through the transmitting
instrument to one of the terminals of the receiving instrument. The magnet G
attracts the locking armature which unlocks the order disc E and at the same time
completes the circuit of the local battery D and the bell battery L' which causes the
motor B' to turn and the bell L to ring until the non conducting dividing piece i
comes under the terminal through which the electric current is then passing and thus
breaks the circuit of the line battery and the magnet G releases the armature e¹ so
that the circuits of the local battery and the bell battery are also broken and the
motor B and bell L stopped, and the order disc E is locked, at the same time, with
its dividing piece i in contact with the terminal and the pointer on the order disc
indicates on the dial the order sent. In its movement the piece of the order disc
passes all the terminals except the terminal which is then establishing the circuit.

page_text: Thus the transmission of the order is rapid and the apparatus will work from one
extreme order to another, or intermediate orders without check, or stop.
I have described this Invention more particularly in reference to a steam ship
engine room telegraph with seven orders, but it will be obvious that by multiplying,
or reducing the wires, or leads between the instruments and providing dials to suit,
the apparatus can be used for any of the purposes for which such communicating
apparatus are used. For example it can be used as a steering telegraph, or a steering
tell tale in which case the instruments have their dials marked to suit the require-
ments, for example as shown in Figure 10 which illustrates a steering tell tale
transmitting instrument. The tiller of the ship being connected in any suitable way
io the switch lever, or handle A' of the instrument. This instrument has 15 contact
heads and leads to the receiving instrument which has 15 terminals to correspond,
both instruments being otherwise constructed and arranged as above set forth. The
receiving instrument mechanism can also be combined with the switch device of the
transmitting instrument so as to become a reply or tell tale in which case the trans-
mitting instrument provided with a motor and mechanism as above described with
reference to the receiving instrument, the leads being duplicated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described, in
which a revolving armature and field magnets are employed the combination of a
series of terminals (such as b' to 6') corresponding to the orders of the transmitting
instrument to which they are connected by separate leads, an oscillatory, or vibratory
device (such as E) having a common conductor and a non conducting dividing pieco (i)
operating as described, whereby the handle of the transmitting instrument can be
turned instantly from one order to any other order substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Second. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described in
which a revolving armature and field magnets are employed the combination of a
series of terminals (b' to 6') corresponding to the orders of the transmitting instru-
ment (to which they are connected by separate leads) a rotatory, or vibratory device
(such as E) having a common conductor (e) and a separating or dividing piece (i)
(operating as
as described) and a locking device controlled by the said oscillatory, or
vibratory device substantially as set forth.
Third. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described in
which a revolving armature and field magnets are employed to operate the pointing,
or indicating mechanism, effecting the movement of the armature in one direction, or
the other by an alternating contact mechanism in, or connected with the order trans-
mitting handle by which the current of electricity can be caused to flow through one,
or the other set of such field magnets, such magnets being arranged to cause the
armature to travel in one direction, or the other substantially as set forth.
Fourth. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described the
combination of an armature B' two sets of magnets b, b and an oscillatory, or
vibratory conductor e and terminals 6 to 67 locking device E' and current alternator .J
connected to the transmitting instrument and operating substantially as set forth.
Fifth. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described, a speed
reducing device such as the train of wheels (s) interposed between the magneto-
electric motor and the indicating controlling mechanism E substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
Sixth. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described, the
combination with the transmitting handle, or lever of two contact devices such as the
springs H2 and H³ or their equivalents such handle being arranged to work in
connection with contact pieces corresponding with orders whereby two sets of electro-
magnets can be controlled and by which the armature of the motor is caused to be
moved in one direction or the other.

page_text: Seventh. In an electric communicating apparatus of the type herein described, the
combination with the handle, or lever as claimed in claim six of the alternating
device (J) connected and operating as described whereby the electric current is
caused to pass either to one set of the electro-magnets, or the other.
Eighth. The magneto-electric motor arranged constructed and operating as herein
described and illustrated consisting essentially of the armature B the two sets of..
magnets arranged in pairs as described having leads h and h¹ conducting terminal.
spring pieces B³ and regulating, or controlling wheel, or boss B the current being
conducted through such wheel, or boss to the battery by a common lead (f).
Ninth. The particular arrangements of parts and mechanisms of the transmitting
and receiving instruments and the particular arrangement of leads, or connections by
which the apparatus and mechanisms are operated and communicate as set forth
with reference to the Drawings.
Dated this Twenty second day of June 1887.