IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING YARN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR DRYING YARN." A communication from abroad by C. H. Weisbach,
Engineer, of Chemnitz, Saxony, German Empire.
Sealed the 1st May 1877, and dated the 7th December 1876
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING YARN." A commu-
nication from abroad by C. H. Weisbach, Engineer, of Chemnitz, Saxony, German
Empire.
This Invention refers to machinery by which all sorts of yarns may be dried.
Heretofore hot air has been mostly made use of for drying yarn, it being customary
to hang the hanks in drying rooms and to admit air at a high temperature into
them to accomplish the purpose. This mode of drying is subject to many incon-
veniences. In the first place, drying rooms are liable to conflagrations; the goods
contained in such rooms frequently become ignited and are consumed by fire not-
withstanding that every care is taken to avoid such calamities. The hot air drying
process is frequently most injurious to the quality of yarns in more than one
respect. Dyed yarns suffer in the finer tints of color more particularly when yarns
of different colors are dried together in one room, where the colors are frequently
subject to what is known to dyers as breaking out, and yarns of light colors are
liable to become spotted. Hence a general desire has become manifest for drying
yarns in a convenient, expeditious, and cheap manner, which will at the same time
obviate the injurious effects of drying by hot air. This general want is in every
respect met by the present Invention.
In the machinery employed the principle is adopted of rotating yarn in the air
during a certain time, thus accomplishing the drying in a satisfactory manner, the
machine being constructed in such manner that the hanging up and taking off of
the hanks can be effected in the most convenient and expeditious way, and so that

page_text: hanks of different lengths may be hung in the machine for drying. These drying
machines may be worked in moderately warm rooms, which will assist the drying
process, but the use of hot air is absolutely excluded as being injurious and
dangerous.
In one arrangement of machine two frames or standards carry bearings at their
upper part in which works a shaft. On this shaft, near each end, a nave constructed
with armis is keyed. Each nave is supplied with four or more arms, which may be
radial or slanting.
The arms are constructed with bosses at their outer ends through which centre
pins are passed, the inner ends of which centre pins are pointed. These centre pins
are held in place by nuts. The bosses of the arms at one end of the machine are
threaded for the reception of their centre pins. These last mentioned centre pins
are made with square heads on their outer ends to receive a key for turning them
in their bosses, and they are secured therein by the nuts on the outer sides of the
bosses.
Every two pointed centre pins in the ends of arms opposite each other carry
between them a roller, preferably of wood, of octagon or suitable shape, and which
rollers bave central holes or recesses to receive the pointed ends of the centre
pins.
The arms of the naves are formed with slots which extend along the greater parts
of the lengths of the arms; into these slots are fitted sliding blocks or cheeks having
screw bolts passing through them, by means of which each block or cheek can be
secured at any point of the slot in its arm. Each block or check is constructed with
a boss similar to the one at the end of the arm; at one end of the machine cach
block or cheek carries a firmly screwed centre pin and at the other end of the
machine each block or cheek carries an adjustable centre pin as described with
reference to the ends of the arms. These centre pins carry rollers between them as
described with regard to the other centre pins. Thus the hanks of yarn can easily
be hung over two rollers as described, which are then placed between the corre-
sponding pointed centre pins and secured in their position by means of the adjustable
screws. It likewise follows that the distance of the rollers from each other may be
regulated to suit the length of the hanks and the degree of stretch that is to be
given to the yarn. The hanks having thus been introduced into the machine the
same can be set in motion by passing a strap on to a fast pulley of the main shaft
and driving the same as may be desired.
A loose pulley and disengager are provided for stopping the machine. The radial
position of the hanks to the rotary motion affords advantageous results as regards
the speed of the drying process, and the system of drying yarns generally by thus
merely swinging them in the air has no injurious influence of any kind with regard
to color and cleanness.
I now proceed to describe a modification of this Invention in which a ventilator
or blower is introduced inside of the drying machine, the object being to blow the
air outwardly through the hanks of yarn on the rollers and thus materially to assist
the process of drying.
Suitable frames carry bearings for the naves of two sets of large arms; the
horizontal shaft resting in these naves is rotated by pullies and carries the ventilator
or blower, the wings of which nearly equal in length the length of the shaft.
The two sets of large arms are connected together by connecting stays, so that they
form as it were one body. A sleeve of the one set of arms is of considerable length,
projects beyond the corresponding frame, and there carries pullies for giving a slow
rotatory motion to the reel round about the ventilator or blower shaft, but in opposite
direction to the motion of the latter. The six or eight arms of each set are placed.
radially to the centre, but outer arms or extensions are placed in slanting or angular
positions to the radial arms. The radial arms at one end of the machine carry small
shafts or spindles made to turn parallel with the main shaft, and which carry at
their outer ends little star wheels. The inner ends of these spindles are made each
with a projecting square or prismatical head so that rollers can be easily fixed on

page_text: them, which rollers extend to the arms at the other end of the machine, to which
they can be readily attached by means of adjustable centre pins.
When the entire reel is rotated the rollers rotate as well, and the little star wheels
striking against a bolt or projection fixed to the frame are advanced intermittently
by one or more teeth, hence the rollers are by degrees rotated.
The hanks of yarn
to be dried being hung in the arms and the latter in position they are circulated by
the slow motion given to the reel and are dried by the current of air proceeding
from the ventilator or blower, and as the rollers themselves are slowly moved on the
hanks, are made to continually change their position, and hence no unequal drying
takes place.
In order to prevent entanglement of light yarns in hanks which might be
occasioned by the sharp current of air and in consequence of too great proximity
the outer or slanting parts of the arms may be made use of. They are made with
slots in which cheeks or blocks are made to slide containing centre pins such as
herein-before described between which rollers can be inserted, on to which one end
of the hanks of yarn can be hung, so that, for example, each hank can be hung on
the inner roller of the first arm and on the outer roller of the next or second arm,
thus entanglement will be effectually prevented.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th June
1877.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING YARN." A commu-
nication from abroad by C. H. Weisbach, Engineer, of Chemnitz, Saxony, Gerinan
Empire.
This Invention refers to machinery by which all sorts of yarns may be dried.
Heretofore hot air has been mostly made use of for drying yarn, it being customary
to hang the hanks in drying rooms, and to admit air at a high temperature into
them to accomplish the purpose. This mode of drying is subject to many incon-
veniences. In the first place, drying rooms are liable to conflagrations, that is to
say, the goods contained in such rooms frequently become ignited and are consumed
by fire, and this notwithstanding that every care is taken to avoid such calamities.
Moreover, the hot air drying process is frequently most injurious to the quality of
yarns in more than one respect. Dyed yarns suffer in the finer tints of colour, more
particularly when yarns of different colors are dried together in one room, as then
the colors are frequently subject to what is known to dyers as breaking out, and
yarns of light colours are liable to become spotted. Hence a general desire has
become manifest to dry yarns in some convenient, expeditious, and cheap manner,
which will at the same time obviate the injurious effects of drying by hot air. This
general want is in every respect met by the improved rotary yarn drying machines
forming the subject of this Invention, and which are herein-after described and
illustrated on Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
In the said machines the principle is adopted of rotating yarn in the air during a
certain time, thus accomplishing the drying in a satisfactory manner, the machines
being constructed in such manner that the hanging up and taking off of the hanks.
can be effected in the most convenient and expeditious way, and so that hanks of
different lengths may be hung in the machines for drying. These drying machines
may be worked in moderately warmed rooms, which will assist the drying process,
but the use of hot air should be absolutely avoided as being injurious and
dangerous.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a front view of one of the improved yarn drying machines;
Fig. 2 is an end view of the same.

page_text: In this arrangement two frames or standards a, a, carry bearings b, b, at their
upper parts, in which works a shaft c. On this shaft near each end a nave d con-
structed with arms d is keyed. Each nave is supplied with four or more arms,
which may be radial or slanting. I have shewn this machine with the arms
arranged radially, but they are sometimes arranged as in the machine shewn on
Sheet 2, herein-after described.
The arms are constructed with bosses e at their outer ends. Through the bosses e
of the arms at the right-hand side of the machine (Fig. 1) centre pins g are passed,
the inner ends of which centre pins are pointed, and project beyond the bosses at
the inner sides of the said arms. These centre pins g are held in place by nuts
situated at the outer sides of the arms, as shewn. The bosses of the arms at the
left-hand side of the machine (Fig. 1) are threaded to receive the centre pins h,
whose pointed ends project beyond the inner sides of the said arms, as shewn.
The
centre pins h are made with square heads at their outer ends to receive a hand
crank or handle for turning them in their bosses, and they are secured in the bosses
by tightening the nuts against the outer ends of the bosses.
Every two oppositely arranged pointed centre pins carry between them a roller i,
by preference made of wood of octagon or other suitable shape; these rollers are
furnished with sockets having central holes or recesses to receive the pointed ends
of the centre pins g and h.
The arms are formed with slots, which extend along the greater parts of the
lengths of the arms; into these slots are fitted sliding blocks or cheeks m, having
screw bolts passing through them, by means of which each block or cheek can be
secured at any point of the slot in its arm. Each block or cheek is constructed with
a boss similar to the one at the end of the arm. At the right-hand side of the
machine (Fig. 1) each block or check m carries a firmly screwed centre pin similar
to the pins g, and at the other side of the machine each block or cheek m carries an
adjustable centre pin similar to the pins h. The pins in the blocks or cheeks m at
the right-hand side of the machine are secured in the same way as the centre
pins g, and the pins on the blocks m on the left in the same way as the pins h.
The centre pins of the blocks or cheeks m carry between them rollers o in the
same way as the centre pins g and carry the rollers i, and the rollers o are of
similar construction to the rollers i. Thus it will be evident that hanks of yarn
can easily be hung over two rollers i and o, which are then placed between the
corresponding pointed centre pins, and secured in their positions by means of the
adjustable screws. It likewise follows that the distance of the rollers from each
other may be regulated to suit the length of the hanks and the amount of stretch
that is to be given to the yarn. The hanks having thus been introduced into the
machine as above described, the same can be set in motion by passing the strap on
to the fast pulley r of the shaft c, and driving the same at the desired speed.
A loose pulleys and striking fork tare provided for shifting the strap to start
and stop the machine. The radial position of the hanks to the rotary motion affords
advantageous results as regards the speed of the drying process, and the system of
drying yarns generally by thus merely swinging them in the air has no injurious
influence of any kind with regard to colour and cleanness.
I now proceed to describe a modification of this Invention, in which a ventilator
or blower is introduced inside of the drying machine, the object being to blow the
air outward through the hanks of yarn on the rollers, and thus materially to assist
the process of drying.
The modified machine is shewn on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Fig. 3 being a front
view, and Fig. 4 an end view.
Suitable frames a, a¹, carry bearings b for the naves of two sets of large arms
d, d; the horizontal shaft c passing through and resting in these naves is rotated
by a strap (7, 8, being fast and loose pullies), and carries the ventilator or blower,
consisting of arms v, v, to which are fastened wings w, w, nearly equal in length to
the shaft c.
The two sets of large arms d, ', are connected together by connecting stays (not

page_text: shewn) so that they form as it were one structure. The sleeve of the one set of
arms d, is of considerable length, projects beyond the corresponding frame a, and there
carries the pullies 7, 8, for giving a slow rotatory motion to the reel round about
the ventilator or blower shaft, but in opposite direction to the notion of the latter.
The six or eight arms of each set (eight are shewn) are placed radially to the centre,
but the outer arms or extensions are placed in slanting or angular positions to the
radial arms, as shewn in Fig. 4. Sockets are cast on to the radial arms at the left-
hand side of the machine (Fig. 3), in which sockets small shafts or spindles x¹, x²,
are made to turn parallel with the shaft c, and which carry at their outer ends
little star wheels x, x. The inner ends of these spindles are made each with
a projecting square or other prismatical head, so that rollers i can be easily fixed on
them, which rollers extend to the arms d' on the right-hand side of the machine, to
which arms the rollers can be readily attached by means of the adjustable centre
pins, as shewn in Fig. 3.
When the entire reel is rotated the rollers rotate as well, and the little star
wheels, 1, striking against the bolt or projection y fixed to the frame a are
advanced intermittently by one or more teeth; hence the rollers are by degrees
slowly rotated. The hanks of yarn to be dried being hung in the arms, and the
latter in position, they are circulated by the slow motion given to the reel, and are
dried by the current of air proceeding from the ventilator or blower, and as the
rollers themselves are slowly moved on, the hanks are made to continually change
their position; hence no unequal drying takes place.
In order to prevent entanglement of light yarns in hanks, which might be
occasioned by the sharp current of air, if the hanks were too close together, the
outer or slanting parts of the arms may be made use of; they are made with slots,
in which cheeks or blocks m are made to slide, containing centre pins, such as those
herein-before described, between which rollers can be inserted, on to which one
end of the hanks of yarn can be hung, so that for example each hank can be hung
on the inner roller of the first arm, and on the outer roller of the next or second
arm; thus mutual entanglement will be effectually prevented.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying the same into practical effect, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, I hereby declare that what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The combination of parts constituting the improved machine for drying
yarn, constructed, arranged, and operating as shewn in and described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of parts constituting the improved machine for drying
yarn, constructed, arranged, and operating as shewn in and described with reference
to Figs. 3 and 4 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
F. J. BROUGHAM.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)