IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER MOTERS
Year: 1889

page_text: We, FREDERICK WILLIAM TUERK, Jr., and WARREN HIGHLMAN BOLES of the city
of Syracuse, county of Onondaga, and State of New York, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER MOTERS," and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-—
This invention relates to the class of water motors in which the water under a
proper head is admitted into a case containing a wheel attached to a driving shaft,
which wheel receives the force of the water directed against it in such manner as to
impart rotary motion to said enclosed wheel; and it consists essentially in the improved
construction and combination of the constituent members of the motor which reduce
the friction to a minimum, and apply the force of the water in the most advantageous
manner in order to obtain the greatest possible power from a given amount of water
applied to the motor.
It also consists in the detail construction and arrangement of the parts, all as herein-
after more fully described and pointed out in the claims.
In specifying this invention, reference is had to the accompanying drawing forming
a part thereof, in which like letters indicate corresponding parts in all the views..
Figures 1 and 2 are external views of the improved water motor taken in planes at
right angles to each other.
Figure 3 is a transverse section of the water motor taken on line-xx,-figure 1,
illustrating the internal construction and arrangement of the parts.
Figure 4 is an interior view of one of the sections or parts of the motor case,
which parted on the line-y-y,-figure 2.
Figures 5, 7, 9 and 13 are longitudinal sectional views of the discharge end of the
radial water wheel arms with the automatic controlling valve attached thereto, and
illustrating modified constructions of said valve.
Figure 6 is a transverse section taken on line-z-2,-figure 5.
Figure 8 is a sectional view taken in a plane at right angles to that shown in
figure 7.
Figures 10, 12 and 14 are face views of the devices shown in figures 9, 11 and 13.
Figures 11 and 15 are elevations partly in section of the discharge end and it
automatic controlling valve.

page_text: Figure 16 is a vertical section illustrating a modified form of the motor to that
shown in figure 3.
Figure 17 is a longitudinal vertical section of a strainer provided in the induction
pipe to the motor, and
Figure 18 is an isometric view of a detached portion of the dividing plate of the
motor illustrating the cut-out provided therein.
A-represents the motor case preferably of circular shape, and composed of two parts
joined to each other in a plane in the centre of the case at right angles to the axis thereof.
The case is secured in upright position with its axis horizontal and is provided with
the water inlet-a-in the center of one side, and with the discharge nipple-B-at
its bottom portion.
Crepresents the driving shaft journaled in suitable bearings formed within the
horizontal projecting journal boxes-D-D'.
.
The journal boxes-D-D¹-are considerably larger in interior diameter than the
diameter of the shaft-C,-and secured in said journal boxes are anti-friction bushings
or plugs-6-6-made of bronze or composition metal. These boxes closely embrace
the shaft, and are sustained in proper concentric position in relation to the axis of
the case by means of babbett metal liners-c-interposed between the bushings and
the inner sides of the journal boxes.
To insure the accuracy of the arrangement of the bushings to the axis of the
case A a false mandrel or shaft of the same diameter as the shaft-C-is introduced
temporarily into the journal boxes, and the bushings-b-61-are slipped upon said
mandrel, and after the latter has been properly adjusted in its requisite central position,
moulten babbett metal is poured into the space between the bushings and the inner
sides of the journal boxes. After the cooling of the babbett metal, the false mandrel
may be readily withdrawn.
Secured to the shaft-C-is the driving wheel of the motor consisting of the
hollow hub-H,-the hub-H-and the hollow water conducting arms or spokes-h-
extending radially from the hollow hub-H.-The hollow hub-H-is provided with
an induction port—i—in the center of its side facing the water inlet-a-of the
case―A.
As the water enters the port-i-of the head-H-it passes towards the free
ends of the arm--and is discharged therefrom by nozzles -N-opened and closed
by a valve-t, and this discharge exerts the necessary power on the wheel to impart
rotary motion thereto, which motion is transmitted by any suitable pulley or gear, not
shown, secured to the shaft-C.
The hollow arms-h-are tapering from the hub towards their free extremities,
and thereby the quantity of water carried in the free extremities is reduced and the
resultant production of the weight of these extremities when in motion greatly promotes
the development of power.
The hub-H-bears against a bearing--M-provided in the adjacent side of the
case A, and preferably secured thereto by means of babbett or other soft
metal m. The water enters centrally through this bearing-M-into the induction
port, and tends to force the motor wheel away from said bearing. To counteract
this tendency the nozzles-N-of the arms-h-are deflected laterally in relation to
the axis of the wheel and partly toward the opposite side of the case-A, thus
causing the water to react, and force the hub-H-tightly against said bearing-M.—
To reduce to a minimum the diameter of the induction port and the side pressure on
the wheel, the shaft--is reduced in diameter at the point where it passes through
the said induction port, as shown in figure 3 of the drawing.
Near one extremity of the shaft--is provided the collar-d,-which abuts
against the bushing-b-and near the other extremity of the shaft is provided the
loose collar d¹,-which bears against the hub-H.-For the purpose of holding these
parts firmly in position, and taking up any wear therein, the bushings-b-and
-b-are made adjustable by forming the same of two tubes or sleeves-63-and-63-
fitted one within the other, and formed with male and female screw threaded portions
at their outer ends, as shown in figure 3 of the drawing.

page_text: The sleeve-6² of the bushing-b-bears against the collar-d-and the sleeve-*-
of the bushing--bears against the loose collar-,-and by turning said sleeves
any wear may be readily taken up.
It will thus be seen that this improved water wheel is supported by journal bearings
at each end of the driving shaft-C,-thus balancing the wheel-H,-preventing end
pressure, and rendering its motion very steady and uniform without the presence of
friction. Moreover by admitting the water centrally into the hub-H-and by
making the port-i-of an area equal to that of the cross section of the adjacent
journal extremity of the shaft-C,-end pressure and friction are still further
obviated.
The shaft is lubricated by means of the flowing water, but to render its motion more
easy, lubricating channels-e-e-are provided through the sleeve--and are
connected by a longitudinal channel--to the channel-e-which is connected to
suitable oil cups-L.
:
The interior of the water case-A-is divided into two spaces or compartments
formed by the shields-k-and-j.-The water wheel rotates in one compartiment, and
the other serves to receive the water discharged from the nozzles-N.-The annular
plate is provided upon the division of the case-A-towards which the nozzles are
Jeflected and the water discharged, and its free edge is inclined towards the aforesaid
arms sufficiently to form an annular water duct-I-between said plate and the adjacent
surface of the case-A,-for the purpose of collecting the water discharged from the
nozzles―N.
To the peripheral portion of the interior of the case is secured a shield-k,― the
free edge of which projects towards the mouth of the nozzles of the aforesaid arms
30 as to prevent such water as may be spattered from the plate-j-from entering the
compartment of the case in which rotates the motor wheel.
To further retain the water within the duct-I,- on the upper part of the depending
edge of the plate-k-is formed the-V-shaped lip-k,-
-as shown in figures 3 and 4,
which prevents water falling from the depending edge of the shield-k.
To allow of the more ready escape of the water the shield-k-is provided in the
lower portion thereof with openings-k-foraned by cutting the metal out as shown
in figure 18.
It will be observed that the water is prevented from entering the central portion of
the half of the case in which the wheel rotates by means of the tight abutment of the
hollow hub-H-against the bearing-M-and by means of the plates-k-and-j-
and the said bearing-M,-this half of the motor is kept free of water.
The valve-t-of the nozzle-N-is closed by means of the pivoted lever-R-
pivoted at. This lever is normally held away from the discharge of the nozzle
by means of a spiral-S-secured at one end to the lever-R, and at its other end to
the hook-s-projecting from the arm-h-of the water wheel.
This valve constitutes a centrifugal governor being actuated by the said centrifugal
force caused by the rotation of the water wheel of the shaft-C,-since as the water
wheel revolves the centrifugal force will overcome the tension of the spring-S,-and
close the discharge of the nozzle, thus reducing the velocity of the wheel, and when
the velocity is insufficient the said discharge will be opened by reason of the spring
overcoming the centrifugal force. This spring is rendered adjustable by means of
hooks-s-s-best shown in figure 4.
Figures 5 to 15 show modified forms of this centrifugal governor, since it is obvious
that the same may be constructed in various manners.
In the device shown in figures 5 and 12 the discharge opening of the
nozzle-N-is regulated by the valve-t-connected to a weight-u-sliding inside
of the arm-a. This discharge opening is normally held open by means of a
spring arranged to force the weight-u-towards the axis of the wheel.
At figures 7 and 8 the discharge opening is closed by a weighted lever―u¹—
pivoted in a case-w-formed on the end of the arm-h.-A spring-v-presses
upon the weighted end of said lever, and causes the same to normally open the
nozzle-N.
r

page_text: Figures 9 and 10 show the valve-governing device to consist of the weighted
lever u pivoted to the exterior of the nozzle and the valve-t-pivoted on the
aforesaid lever and lying in the nozzle in such position as to close said nozzle automa-
tically with the swing of the lever-u-when subject to the centrifugal force of th
arm- -.-In this construction the valve-t-is held normally in an open position
by means of two springs vv, one of which is arranged to crowd the lever
towards-the axis of the wheel, and the other spring draws the valve towards the
lever.
In figures 13 and 14 the valve-t-consists of a piston arranged inside of the
nozzle and in range with the axis thereof. The rear end of said piston is connected
with one of the arms of a bell crank pivoted to a suitable support on the exterior of
the arm-, and weight-O-is connected to the other arm. A spiral-v-surrounds
the piston between the extremity of the arm-h-and the arm of the bell crank, and
normally opens the discharge of the nozzle.
At figure 15 the valve is slightly modified from the preferable construction
illustrated in figures 4, 11 and 12, in that, the spring-S-is interposed between the
nozzle and the lever-R,-but the operation thereof is the same.
Although as previously described the collar-d-tightly abuts the sleeve-62-of
the bushing-b, yet there is a liability of the water gradually passing along the
shaft C and oozing from the extremity of the journal box-D,-and to obviate this
cap-I
-D--is provided thereon, from which leads the tube-D³-conveying from said
cap whatever water may enter therein.
It is important to strain the water before its entrance to the throttle valve of the
water induction pipe, thus obviating wear and clogging from grit and other impurities.
As this class of water motors is frequently employed to a great extent for driving
sewing machines, and is in charge of girls incompetent to disconnect pipes, the
strainer is rendered accessible for cleaning without necessitating the uncoupling of
the pipe.
Connected to the induction pipe-E, and preferably the section thereof nearest
the motor is a case-Q, as shown in figure 17. This case is provided with water
passages-1-1-and an intermediate port-2-through which the aforesaid passages
communicate with each other. From one side of the interior projects a hub-3-
into the port-2,-and this hub is provided with a screw threaded axial socket-4.—
The diaphragm or strainer-5-spans the port-2,-and is seated upon the end of the
hub 3. The side of the case facing the end of the hub is provided with an
opening 9, and to this is closely fitted a cover or cap-6-having a screw threaded
stem-7-engaging the socket 4, and securing the said cap in its closed position
on the case- -Q-The cap is also provided with a shoulder-8-by which it bears
upon the portion of the strainer-5-resting on the hub-3, said strainer being
thus retained in position and rendered accessible aud removable by unscrewing the
cap-6.
The arrangement of the aforesaid parts attains the desired result, and the strainer
may be readily cleaned or repaired.
Figure 16 illustrates a modified form of the motor in which the shaft does not
extend entirely through the case-A.-This form is somewhat cheaper than the preferred
but is not as desirable, since the wheel is not as evenly balanced and the end pressure
not as entirely obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1-A case for a water-motor provided on its interior with an annular inclined
plate forming a water passage or duct at one side of the case, and with a peripheral
shield, the inner edge of which projects toward said plate so that water thrown on said
shield will be directed into said duct, substantially as described.
2-In an improved water-motor, the combination of the case provided with a water
inlet in one side thereof, a shaft extending through the case central of. the water
.

page_text: inlet, and a hub having in the side facing the inlet an annular port around the shaft,
and Follow radial arms extending therefrom, said shaft being journaled in a box.
projecting from the side of the case, and provided with a metal sleeve adjustable
axially to maintain watertight joints between the hub and the case, substantially ası
described.
3-In a water-motor, the case provided with a water inlet in the centre of one side,.
shaft extending through the case central of the water inlet, and a hub mounted on:
said shaft and provided with an induction port in the side facing the inlet in the case,
and hollow radial arms extending from said port, in combination with an annular:
antifriction bearing between the face of the hub at the induction port and the case>
at its water inlet, and the adjustable collar bearing on the opposite end of the hub,,
whereby the joint between the hub and case at the water inlet is kept tight, substantially
as described.
4 In a water-motor the case having a central water inlet at one side, the shaft
extending there through and the wheel having hollow hub and radial arms extending
therefrom, with nozzles on their free ends and deflected laterally from the inlet side
of the case, in combination with the annular inclined water shield extending from the
opposite side of the case and the shield depending peripherally from the case,
substantially as described.
5 In a water-motor the case having a central water inlet at one side, the shaft
extending therethrough and the wheel having hollow hub and radial arms extending
therefrom, with nozzles on their free ends and deflected laterally from the inlet side
of the case, in combination with the annular inclined water shield extending from the
opposite side of the case, and the shield depending peripherally from the case and
having a-V-shaped lip, and water-escape openings, substantially as described.
6-In combination with the case having journal boxes projecting from opposite
sides thereof, and the driving shaft extending through said boxes, and the wheel
secured to said shaft, a longitudinally adjustable bushing secured in one of the journal
boxes and bearing against a loose collar on one side of the wheel hub, a longitudinally
adjustable bushing in the other journal box, and a collar affixed to the shaft at the
inner end of said latter bushing, all constructed and combined to adjust the wheel
within the case, substantially as described.
7-The within described centrifugal governing valve on the nozzle-N of the
water conducting arms-h,-consisting of the valves-r,- pivoted lever-R--and an
adjustable spring-S,-all substantially as and for the purpose specified.
8-The water shield-K-provided with the-V-shaped lips-K¹-depending
peripherally from the annular case-A-of the water-motor and provided with the
water-escape openings-K,-substantially as described.
9 In a water-motor, the combination with the case and rotary hollow hub and
radial arms, of an annular ductor-block fitted in the open side of the case between it
and the open hub for directing the water thereto and preventing it from entering the
portion of the case in which said arms move, substantially as described.
10 In a water-motor the combination with the case and rotary hollow radial
water-conducting arms, of an annular ductor-block in the case at the inlet sides of
the said arms, and an annular shield projecting from the peripheral portion of the
interior of the case, toward the path of the discharge ends of the aforesaid arms,
substantially as described.
11-In a water-motor, the combination with a rotating water-wheel having hollow
hub and hollow nozzle-ended arms extending therefrom, of valves and centrifugal
governors therefor together mounted on said arms and regulating the flow of water
from the nozzles thereof, substantially as described.
12-In a water-motor, the combination with the rotary hollow water conducting
arms, of a discharge nozzle on the free ends of said arms and deflected laterally
therefrom, a valve in said nozzle, a lever hinged on the aforesaid arm and carrying
the valve, and a spring connected with said lever and arranged to normally sustain
the valve in its open position, substantially as described.

page_text: 13 The combination with the water-motor and its induction pipe, of a case attached
to said pipe having a lateral offset therein, a strainer mounted vertically across the
water passage of said case opposite an opening in the side of the case, and a cover
removably connected to the case and inclosing said opening, substantially as described.
14-The combination of the case-N-provided with the water passages-1-1-
intermediate ports-2,-hub-3-projecting into said port, and provided with the
screw-threaded socket-4, and opening-9-in the side of the case, the strainer-5-
spanning the port-2,-and seated upon the hub-3, and the cap-6-having the
screw-threaded stem-7-entering the socket-4, and having also the shoulder-8-
Dearing on the portion of the strainer resting on the hub, substantially as described.
Dated this 1st day of April 1889.
FREDERICK WILLIAM TUERK, JB.
WARREN HIGHLMAN BOLES.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
FREDERICK WILLIAM TUERK, JB.
WARREN HIGHLMAN BOLES.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.