IMPROVEMENTS IN PAIL OR TUB CLOSETS WITHOUT WATER FLUSH
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Kesseler, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the
Empire of Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAIL OR TUB CLOSETS WITHOUT WATER FLUSH."
A communication from Eduard Hirsche, of Berlin aforesaid.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Kesseler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1880.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAIL OR TUB CLOSETS
WITHOUT WATER FLUSH." (A communication from Eduard Hirsche, of Berlin
aforesaid.)
Closets used in connection with removable pails or tubs have heretofore not
usually been inodorous because of the absence of efficient ventilation.
The main object of this Invention is to obviate this deficiency.
The hopper basin is or may be of the usual form in its upper part, the back
vertical and the front inclined. The down outlet pipe below is made in one piece
with it, and has a set off or enlargement behind, so as to prevent the adhesion of
the excrements to it as much as possible. In the back of the hopper basin and at
the set off with the outlet pipe there is an air circulation pipe connected to an air
shaft. A short distance below the air circulation pipe there are two ventilating
pipes entering the down outlet pipe, one on cach side, and proceeding in a curved
upward slanting direction to the air shaft, which latter reaches up above the roof
of the building, and is provided with a cap or cowl.
The bottom edge of the down outlet pipe has a projecting flange with a groove
for receiving a packing ring of india rubber, or a greased hemp gasket or other
suitable joint packing, serving to make joint between the pipe and an outlet
sliding sleeve, which again makes joint with the pail or tub receiving the
excrements. The sleeve is pressed down against the top cover of the pail by

page_text: placing two half ring shaped weights on a flange thereon, or it may be by a
weighted lever. The sleeve reaches down through the pail cover; or the pipe may
be screwed outside and the sleeve inside for making joint between the closet and
the pail. In all cases a flange on the sleeve rests against the pail cover with an
intermediate india rubber packing cord, and forms a gas tight joint therewith.
This mode of connection permits of slight differences in the height of the pails,
and admits of easily disconnecting from a full pail, and as easily connecting to a
fresh or empty pail.
The lid of the hopper basin is so arranged that ventilation is not interrupted by
it. For this purpose it is either perforated or else provided with a few projections
on its lower side near the circumference, so as to leave an annular space between
it and the seat of an area at least as great as that of the air circulation pipe.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Carl Kesseler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th February
1881.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAIL OR TUB CLOSETS
WITHOUT WATER FLUSH." (A communication from Eduard Hirsche, of Berlin
aforesaid.)
Closets used in connection with removable pails or tubs have heretofore not
usually been inodorous because of the absence of efficient ventilation.
The main object of this Invention is to obviate this deficiency.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a part sectional elevation of an
apparatus constructed according to this Invention, and Figure 2 a plan.
The hopper basin T is or may be of the usual form in its upper part, the back
vertical and the front inclined, as here shown. The down outlet pipe R below is
made in one piece with it, and has a set off or enlargement behind, so as to prevent
the adhesion of the excrements to it as much as possible. In the back of the
hopper basin and at the set off with the outlet pipe R there is an air circulation
pipe R' connected to an air shaft R. A short distance, say, 2 or 4 inches below
the air circulation pipe R¹, there are two ventilating pipes R entering the down
outlet pipe, one on each side, and proceeding in a curved upward slanting direction
to the air shaft R, which latter reaches up above the roof of the building, and is
provided with a cap or cowl.
The bottom edge of the down outlet pipe R has a projecting flange with a
groove for receiving a packing ring of india rubber, or a greased hemp gasket or
other suitable joint packing, serving to make joint between the pipe R and an
outer sliding sleeve S, which again makes joint with the pail or tub F receiving
the excrements. The sleeve S is pressed down against the top cover of the pail F
by placing two half ring shaped weights G on a flange f thereon, or it may be by
a weighted lever. The sleeve S reaches down through the pail cover; or the
pipe R may be screwed outside and the sleeve S inside for making joint between
the closet and the pail. In all cases a flange fon the sleeve S rests against the
pail cover b with an intermediate india rubber packing cord, and forms a gas tight
joint therewith. This mode of connection permits of slight differences in the
height of the pails, and admits of easily disconnecting from a full pail, and as
easily connecting to a fresh or empty pail.
The lid D of the hopper basin T is so arranged that ventilation is not interrupted
by it. For this purpose it is either perforated, or else provided with a few
projections won its lower side near the circumference, so as to leave an annular
space between it and the seat B of an area at least as great as that of the air
circulation pipe R'.
This apparatus works as follows:-The air entering the hopper from the seat is
drawn on partly by the air circulating pipes R', and partly by the two lower
ventilating pipes R₁, and passes to the air shaft R. The draught thus produced
in the interior of the down pipe R prevents the odorous gases and vapours
ascending from the otherwise hermetically closed pail F from passing up out of the
hopper, and compels them when within reach of the ventilating pipe R¹ to be
caught and carried off by the shaft R". The action of the ventilating pipes R¹
is further increased by the aspirating or inducing action of the tongue z at the
junction of the pipes R", R", with the pipe R' in the breeches piece K by reason
of the air current in the pipe R. Bad odours and gases can hence not go past the
circulating pipe R¹ from the seat opening of the hopper, but must all go off through

page_text: the shaft R above the roof of the building, and be there dispersed without
causing any inconvenience.
The air current and aspiration or induction produced by the above described
pipe arrangement is continuous, and does not depend upon the wind or the
temperature of the air. Closets provided with these hoppers meet the strictest
requirements as to healthy and freedom from bad smells. As regards the former it
surpasses all waterclosets, as experience proves that the water does not prevent
odorous and noxious gases from passing out of the pipes and passages.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me, I declare that
I claim,-
First. In closets without water flushing forming the hopper basin with a set off
or enlargement behind to the down pipe R, which latter by a directly or indirectly
weighted or screwed sleeve S forms joint with a pail or receiver F.
Second. In such closets the application of a lid so arranged as to admit of a
constant air circulation, that is, either perforated or with projections on its lower
edge.
Third. In such closets the combination of the hopper basin T with the air
circulation pipe R¹ and the ventilating pipes R", R", for the odorous gases, which
latter are aspirated or induced by the air current through the pipe R'.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Kesseler, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
CARL KESSELER. (L.S.)