IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE CONSECUTIVE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS ARTICLES OF COMMERCE FROM MATERIALS CAPABLE OF BEING FORMED EITHER BY TENSION, COMPRESSION, OR EXTENSION THEREOF
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George West Royston Pigott, of Halifax, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR THE CONSECUTIVE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS ARTICLES OF
COMMERCE FROM MATERIALS CAPABLE OF BEING FORMED EITHER BY TENSION,
COMPRESSION, OR EXTENSION THEREOF."
Sealed the 13th August 1869, and dated the 16th February 1869.
'PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George West Royston
Pigott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th February 1869.
I, GEORGE WEST ROYSTON PIGOTT, of Halifax, in the County. of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
'MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE CONSECUTIVE MANUFACTURE, OF
VARIOUS ARTICLES OF COMMERCE FROM MATERIALS CAPABLE OF BEING FORMED
(EITHER BY TENSION, COMPRESSION, OR EXTENSION THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The form of material, whether metallic or not, preferred to be operated
upon by this apparatus is a continuous one, such as a band, plate,
ribbon, rod, tube, or wire capable of being drawn' or 'thurst through
drawing plates or rollers to give any required sectional form.
Paine 17

page_text: The apparatus consists of certain vices, nippers, or holders capable of
travelling to and fro or remaining at rest, and certain compressing tools
in frames capable of sliding or rocking backwards and forwards, either
in the direction of the line of travel of the vice or holder or laterally
thereto, such vices, holders, or compressing frames or some of them
being furnished with suitable tools for shaping, moving, or holding the
material to be consecutively operated upon, such as dies, punches, cutters,
drills, or polishers actuated by suitable mechanical power applied by the
usual means of communicating motion, such as levers, cams, cranks, or
eccentrics. One of the aforesaid vices or holders is employed for seizing,
holding, drawing forwards, and transmitting the article in process of
manufacture after it has passed through the first coinpressing frame, and
another vice or holder for retaining it in a proper position while further
operated upon. The first compressing frame rocks or moves backwards
at the approach of the travelling vice and permits it to seize with its
jaws the article exactly where it has been already.compressed or shaped
by the working tools of the said frame. The second frame operates
upon the article delivered to it by the travelling vice, and having rocked
'into a new position while the article is at rest perforins further operations
by other tools brought into action whilst the second vice or holder
secures the article under the last operation; it then opens and permits
the article to drop; or the motions of the said two franes may be com-
bined in one frame, if desired, in which case only one rocking frame will
be necessary.
For communicating pressure to the jaws of the vice or holders and a
powerful compressing force to the tool slides of the compressing frames
I prefer the following arrangement:-The travelling vice is formed of a
pair of levers not crossing each other yet jointed together intermediately,
one pair of the arms of these levers being connected together. by a pair
of links or rods jointed together, and also jointed to an ordinary con-
necting rod to be operated upon to give a reciprocatory motion by a
crank, cam, eccentric, or other usual means from any source of power.
The other ends or arms of these levers form compressing jaws furnished
with shaping tools, such as dies, cutters, or punches, as may be required.
To open these jaws the-links are placed at an angle to each other, and to
close the said jaws the links are operated in the direction tending to place
the said links "linable " or in the same straight line, thus forcing the
arms of the vice asunder and consequently compressing its jaws together.
I prefer the application of similar link levers and reciprocatory, con-

page_text: necting rods to move the tool slides of the aforesaid frames, and in order
to resist the great tension exerted upon the component parts of these,
compressing frames I prefer to form each frame of one solid wrought-
iron or steel bar or pairs of bars; and I also prefer steel bars to act as
slides to be actuated by the link levers and connecting rod as aforesaid
for carrying and giving motion to the shaping tools. For setting the
said frames at the proper interval or position I prefer longitudinal screws
with an index plate as also for regulating the length of. the stroke or .
traverse motion of the travelling vice or holder, or in some cases I. prefer.
a pair of slip bars or rods perforated with holes, the one with holes, say,
one inch equidistant, and the other at somewhat less equidistant holes,
say nine-tenths of an inch apart.. These rods may then be bolted
together at any of the holes, by which contrivance the length of the..con="
necting rod can be regulated with great nicety any aliquoit part of an
inch, and with adequate strength and security, especially by conjoining
these slip bars with short screws for finer adjustments.
The Invention also consists in a means of straightening metallic rods,
pins, or wires formed by the apparatus, and of polishing or burnishing
the same or the edges or sides of flat bars of metal. This is effected by
placing a series of such within two or more frames or rings of metal
Which are capable of running in longitudinal grooves or recesses of a
metal table under a reciprocatory metal slab or mangle of suitable weight
to: which reciprocatory motion is communicated by a rod from a crank
shaft or similar means of giving such motion thereto.
7
By this Invention suitable material may be operated on by several-s
sets of tools in succession at one operation or passage through the
machine, which may be self-acting in its several parts acting in concert
or combination with each other. Thus by employing these reciprocatory.
compressing jaws to seize and draw material forward through plates or;
rollers or under operation of the tools of the frames such, material may,
be shaped in various ways or manner and afterwards polished for a.
variety of useful purposes. I prefer to operate upon material capable of,
being hardened by drawing, by change of temperature,, and by com-,
pression, such as metals, but paper, compounds of gutta percha or of.
india-rubber, with sulphur, corallite, vulcanite, and ebonite, parkesine, or
materials of like nature may be employed to be operated upon by this
machinery; but the said machinery is principally intended for the manu-
facture of "lingoes," the wire being supplied in a continuous length
.

page_text: from a winsell or reel to the machine, which at one part squeezes a flat
place and at another punches a hole through the flattened wire, then the:
wire is cut to convenient lengths and the ends finished. Also this.
improved vice or compressing apparatus :actuated by the link levers or:
other usual movements may be employed without the rocking or sliding
frames.and their tools, or the latter may be used separately, and the.
material to be operated upon may be thrust forwards by rollers or moving:
dies for the purpose of presenting it to the action of the vices or frames,
singly or in any combination of them, and although I prefer to use: link
levers for expanding and contracting the arms of the vice or holders and
for moving the slides of the aforesaid frames, yet cams, tappets,
eccentrics, or cranks may be used as ordinary means to operate the same.
The frames holding the tools may either rock, slide, or rotate into the
proper positions; but I prefer the rocking movements; or, if required, any
one of the above frames or vices either separately or in combination may
be in motion or at rest.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George West Royston Pigott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th August 1869.
1.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WEST ROYSTON PIGOTT, of Halifax, in the County of York, send'
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
year
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George West Royston Pigott, Her
special licence that I, the said George West Royston Pigott," inyi
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others' as ; the sid
George West Royston Pigott, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the. Channel Islands, and Isle. of Man;
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE

page_text: ▾
CONSECUTIVE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS ARTICLES OF COMMERCE FROM MATERIALS/
CAPABLE OF BEING FORMED. EITHER BY TENSION, COMPRESSION, OR. EXTENSION:
THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George :
West Royston Pigott, my executors or administrators, by, an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the. said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George West Royston Pigott, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and 'in what 'manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly. described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and. accompanying Sheets of
Drawings (that is to say):
...
The form of material, whether metallic or not, preferred to be operated"
upon by this apparatus is a continuous one, such as a band, plate,
ribbon, rod, tube, or wire capable of being drawn or thrust through
drawing plates or rollers to give any required sectional form
1
S
}
t
The apparatus consists of certain vices, nippers or holders capable of
travelling to and fro or remaining, at rest, and certain compressing tools
in frames capable of sliding or rocking backwards and forwards, either in
the direction of the line of, travel of the vice or, holder or laterally
thereto, such vices, holders, or, compressing frames or some of them
being furnished with suitable tools for shaping, moving, or holding the
material to be consecutively operated upon, such as dies,
cutters, drills, or polishers actuated by suitable mechanical applied
by the usual means of communicating motion, such as levers,. cams,
cranks, or eccentrics. One of the aforesaid vicesente
vices or holders is.employed
for seizing, holding, drawing forwards, and transmitting
'the article in
process of manufacture after it has passed through the first
frame, and another vice or holder for retaining it in a proper position
while further operated upon. The first compressing frame rocks or.
moves backwards at the approach of the travelling vice and permits it to
seize with its jaws the article exactly where it has been already..com-
pressed or shaped by the working tools of the said frame. The second
frame operates upon the article delivered to it by the travelling vice, and
having rocked into a new position while: the article is fatarest performs
further toperations by other tools: brought into faction whilst the secondių
ד' ךָ.
compressing
1. 1 of
"

page_text: vice or holder secures the article under the last operation; it then opens
and permits the article to drop; or the motions of the said two frames
may be combined in one frame, if desired, in which case only one rocking
frame will be necessary.
1.
.I.
For communicating pressure to the jaws of the vice or holders and a
powerful compressing force to the tool slides of the compressing frame I
prefer the following arrangement:-The travelling vice is formed of a
pair of levers not crossing each other yet jointed together intermediately,
one pair of the arms of these levers being connected together by a pair of
links or rods jointed together, and also jointed to an ordinary connecting
rod to be operated upon to.give a reciprocatory motion by a crank, cam,
eccentric, or other usual means from any source of power. The other
ends or arms of these levers form compressing jaws furnished with
shaping tools, such as dies, cutters, or punches, as may be required. To
open these jaws the links are placed at an angle to each other, and to
close the said jaws the links are operated in the direction tending to
place the said links "linable" or in the same straight, line, thus forcing
the arms of the vice asunder and consequently compressing its jaws.
together. I I prefer the application of similar link levers and reciprocatory
connecting rods to move the tool' slides of the aforesaid frames, and in
order to resist the great tension exerted upon the component parts of
these compressing frames I prefer to form each frame of one solid
wrought-iron or steel bar or pairs of bars; and I also prefer steel bars to
act as slides to be actuated by the link levers and connecting rod as
aforesaid for carrying and giving motion to the shaping tools.
setting the said frames at the proper interval or position I prefer longi-
tudinal screws with an index plate as also for regulating the length of
the stroke or traverse motion of the travelling vice or holder, or in some
cases I prefer a pair of slip bars or rods perforated with holes, the one
with holes, say, one inch equidistant, and the other at somewhat less
equidistant holes, say nine-tenths of an inch apart. These rods may then
be bolted together at any of the holes, by which contrivance the length
of the connecting rod can be regulated with great nicety any
aliquot part of an inch, and with adequate strength and security,
especially by conjoining these slip bars with short screws for finer adjust-
ments.
..
...
For
The Invention also consists in a means of straightening. metallic rods,

page_text: the same or the edges or sides of. flat bars of metal. This is effected by
placing a series of such within two or more frames or rings of metal, which
are capable of running in longitudinal grooves or recesses of a metal table
under a reciprocatory metal slab or mangle of suitable weight to which
reciprocatory motion is communicated by a rod from a crank shaft or
similar means of giving such motion thereto.
";
:
>
.
By this Invention suitable material may be, operated upon by several
sets of tools in succession at one operation or passage through the
machine, which may be self-acting in its several. parts acting in
concert or combination with each other. Thus by employing these
reciprocatory compressing jaws to seize and draw material..forward
through plates or rollers or, under operation of the tocls of the frames,
such material may be shaped in various ways or manner and
afterwards polished for a variety, of useful purposes.. I prefer to operate
upon material capable of being hardened by drawing, by change of
temperature, and by compression, such as metals, but paper, compounds
of gutta percha or of india-rubber, with sulphur, corallite, vulcanite, and
ebonite, parkesine, or materials of like nature may be employed to be
operated upon by this machinery; but the said machinery is principally
intended for the manufacture of "lingoes," the wire being supplied in a
continuous length from a wiusell or reef to the machine, which at one
part squeezes a flat place and at another punches a hole through the
flattened wire; the said wire being then cut to convenient lengths and
the ends finished. Also this improved vice or compressing apparatus
actuated by the link levers or other usual movements may be employed
without the rocking or sliding frames and their tools; or the latter miay
be used separately, and the material to be operated upon may be thrust
forwards by rollers or moving dies for the purpose of presenting it to
the action of the vices or frames singly or in any combination of them,
and although I prefer to use link levers for expanding and contracting
the arms of the vice or holders and for moving the slides of the afore-
said frames, yet cams; tappets; eccentrics, or cranks may be used' as
ordinary means to operate the same. The frames holding the tools inay
either rock; slide, or rotate into the proper positions, but I prefer the
rocking movements; but, if required, any one of the above frames or
vices either separately or in combination may be in motion or at rest.
. !
: .
:
In order that ny said Invention may be more clearly. understood, I

page_text: .
therein give reference to two accompanying Sheets of Drawings illustrative
thereof.repri
*;
oldat torto ay ibra
siderio DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
h
Fig. 1 is the side elevation of the machine or apparatus when its
parts are especially arranged and combined for the manufacture of
"lingoes" or weights used in certain looms for weaving, and made by
"cutting regular lengths of wire, flattening, and punching a hole in one
"end of each; but the various parts of the machine may be used' in
combination for the manufacture of a variety of other articles for
'different purposes to be further on explained, each compressing armature
of the frame giving two blows or one blow or effect only according to
! the traverse of the connecting rod operating the said link motion; and
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the said machine:
yd
ז' } 4:
A is an ordinary, winsel or reel carrying. a bundle or coil of wire, A¹
which is unwound.. therefrom and passes between a series of rollers B,
which by means of the compressing screws 6, 6, straighten it in passing.
It is thence passed through a rocking or oscillating frame (, in which
are arranged a pair of compressing dies and a punch with matrix, which
are brought into successive action by a traversing armature carrying the
lower die and punch operated by a pair of link levers C and C³, to
which is attached a. rod Cs connected to a crank shaft C4, which shaft
receives motion by bevel wheels C5 from the main driving, shaft Co, on
which are the fast and loose pullies C... This frame is caused to rock
..or oscillate laterally upon the pivot 08 by the action of a shaft D, on
which is fixed an arm D¹ connected by links D2 to the said frame, a
rocking motion to which shaft is given by a cam 103, which being fixed
on the back of the bevel wheel C acts upon a friction roller carried on
an arm. D4 fixed to the said shaft. Also a rocking motion is given to
the frame C on the pivot C iu the direction of the travel of the wire by
the action of a cam Ds upon a friction roller 1 also carried on the
arm D. The pippers or travelling vice E is operated by the action of
a crank arm G, to which its arms are attached by a pair of links E¹,
slide bar E2, and the connecting rod E³. This crank is.fixed upon a
shaft G, which receives motion by a pair of bevel wheels G2 from a
shaft G³ gearing by the train of spur wheels G4 with the main shaft.
The crank piu G5 is capable of adjustment to the required length of

page_text: troke of the nippers E by screw Go, and the pedestals G' may be
adjusted on the bed plate or frame L so as to regulate the said nippers
to the position or place for seizing the wire, also a cam GB is fixed but
adjustable on the crank arm to act upon a friction roller E4 carried on
the end of a rod Es fixed to the slide bar E2, by which an additional
extent of motion is given to the nippers beyond that given by the throw
of the crank for more nicely adjusting the action of the cutters to the
part already compressed, a slot being formed either in the connecting
rod E³ or E³ to allow of such adjustment.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of the machine taken through the dotted
line. H shewing a side view of the rocking frame C; and Fig. 4 is a
detail of the nippers drawn half full size.
The action or operation of this machine is as follows:-For the
manufacture of "lingoes."-The frame C is furnished with a pair of
flattening tools or dies of suitable form, and a punch fixed in the lower
jaw I (see Fig. 3), the matrix being in the upper jaw J. The nippers
or vice E is pushed forwards by the crank arm G and 'then 'by the
cam G to the required position, and when the vice E approaches near
the frame C it is also pushed back towards the straightening rollers or
holders at B, so that the nippers may seize the wire when they are closed
by the return action of the crank arm operating upon the link levers E¹
which force the arms of the nipper open, and thus closes the jaws upon
the wire, cutting off the already formed lingoe; they then draw the
wire forward the required. distance, and at the instant that the remaining
wire is left at rest the flattening dies begin to act to compress the wire.
The frame C then rocks sideways and brings the punching dies exactly
into position for punching the wire in the flattened part. During this
:process of flattening and punching by the tools in the frame C the
nippers E are advancing towards the frame C which rocks 'backward
(when a brush B¹ supplied with oil lubricates the punch), and the
cam G pushes the nippers into the position for again seizing the wire,
which they draw forward as before to the precise point regulated by
the motions of the crank arm G and cam G³, meanwhile the cutters K
fixed on the jaws of the nippers, seen at Fig. 4, cast off the wire thus
5 formed into a "lingoe," and the operation is continued in the same way.
In some cases instead of rocking the frame C laterally or sideways, I
may oscillate the frame carrying the straightening rollers B constituting

page_text: holders of the raw material or other thrusting or enbossing rollers or
draw plates, and instead of oscillating the said rocking frame O back-
wards and forwards, I may give an intermitting reciprocating movement
to the said frame by means of the rod D operating a lever M hinged
intermediately on the framework N.
In the manufacture of some kind of articles I may require, to use.
the movement of all the frames during the revolution of the crank, or,
one or more may rock either sideways or backwards and forwards, while
one or more remain at rest. Any of these frames may be armed with
drills for countersinking and polishing according to the nature of the
work required to be done, as in lathe or ornamental engine turning, as
shewn at Fig. 5, in which the upper and lower drills are brought into
action alternately by the reciprocating rod C³ acting on the link motion,
as before described.
In some cases for articles of commerce formed out of bands, plates, or
drawn tubes, such as "reeds," tallies, and cheques, embossed measuring
rules, I use a pair of rollers, such as shewn at Fig. 6, for feeding by
means of a ratchet P or other intermittent motion operated by the
cam D³, and the same time impressing or marking the article in its
passage through them, which may be afterwards drawn forwards or
extended by the moving vice E and compressed, punched, polished,
countersunk, and cut off from the supplied material, as before described;
or I may use moving dies, as shewn at Fig. 7, for feeding the com-
.pressing frames and presenting a given part to the action of the other
tools. The cutting-off tools may by preference be mounted upon the
final compressing frame instead of upon the travelling vice E, also this
vice may be arranged in front of the rocking frame C, if desirable. I
may also use a second vice or holder, as shewn at Figs. 8 and 9, the
jaws of which are closed by a stud R fixed on the sliding armature S,
for the purpose of holding the material steady during any operation
required by any of the tools previously described. The second frame X
is set in position by the horizontal screws T and T¹, geared with the
vertical shaft V operating the screws by bevel wheels W, having an
index plate Z attached to the extremity, as shewn by dotted lines.
In conclusion this machine may be regarded as a general shaping tool
for the consecutive manufacture of various articles of commerce, cutting,
and compressing and polishing tools, being applicable to any of the

page_text: moving, rocking, or sliding frames of the machine, and actuated by the
cams and cranks as described or by any other equivalent means.
In witness whereof, I, the said George, West Royston Pigott, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
GEORGE WEST ROYSTON PIGOTT. (L,S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the
within-named
George
West
Royston
Pigott, in the presence of
W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax and Bradford.