CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR MOULDS, DISH COVERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF SIMILAR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILEMON
AUGUSTIN MORLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-.
minster, the Sixth day of May, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Philemon
Augustin Morley, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that the said Philemon Augustin Morley, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Philemon Augustin Morley, my exors, adñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and.
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR MOULDS, DISH COVERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
SIMILAR MANUFACTURE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,.
that I, the said Philemon Augustin Morley, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by an instrument in writing, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's.
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Philemon Augustin Morley, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention in the construction of sugar mould consists, first, in an
improved apparatus to be employed in cutting out or producing the curved
edge of the plate of metal which is to form the base of the conical mould;
second, in an improved machine to be employed in bending the plate of
metal (cut into the form just mentioned) to the required. conical or sugar-
loaf form; third, in an improved method of turning up the edge of the base
of the cone into a U curve,. adapted to receive the usual ring of wire; fourth,
in an improved method of completely turning over the aforesaid "turned-up"
edge into a tubular form, thereby to inclose the wire, and at the same time
crease and finish the edge in a smooth and workmanlike style.
In the ordinary method of making sugar moulds, the sheet of iron, originally
of the form shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 1, is cut into the form repre-
sented by the colored part of Figure 1, by having a hole made in the corner a
for the purpose of receiving a rod or pin firmly fixed upon a suitable support,
and about which pin the plate turns as a centre; the edge of the plate being
introduced between a pair of revolving circular shears at w, while the
corner a is retained by the pin, the plate 6 becomes cut in the curved form
represented. Now one of my improvements consists of apparatus for holding
the corner of the plate during the operation of cutting, and dispensing with
the hole usually made therein. This apparatus is represented in plan on a
small scale in Figure 1, and an elevation in Figure 2, the latter Figure being
two-thirds the size (lineal measure) of the real object. 6 is a strong iron pin,
passing through the bench c, and fixed therein by the nut and screw d; upon
this pin as a centre turns a flat piece of iron e, the shape of which is best seen
in Figure 1; this iron is secured to the pin by the head of the latter being
rivetted, but so loosely as to allow the plate to turn about freely. To this piece
of iron is attached the bridge piece f, through which passes the screw ÿ, turned
by the handle h.
In order to use this apparatus, the workman has simply to turn the winch h
and thereby raise the bottom of the screw from the plate e; the sheet of iron
may then be introduced under the screw; by a reverse motion of the handle the
end of the screw is made to descend, and the iron plate, being now grasped

page_text: between it and the plate e, is held securely. On introducing the edge of the
plate between the rotatory shears w, its edge is cut into the form represented,
in consequence of the apparatus (Figure 2) to which the plate is attached
turning upon the pin b as a centre. The next operation is to turn back the
edges of the two straight sides t and 2 of the plate into the usual figure,
which may be thus
o expressed, but the opposite sides of such
5. The apparatus used
plate are turned in reverse directions, thus
for this purpose is of the common kind, and therefore needs no explanation.
In this state the plate is ready for the operation of my improved bending
machine (already adverted to), which is represented in plan by Figure 3. It
principally consists of a block of wood i, or other suitable material, formed into
a conical Figure, of the size of the mould to be formed; it is mounted on an
axis j, turning in proper bearings, fixed in a suitable frame, and is put in
motion by a winch k. At m is a long slit or groove, covered or protected by
a plate of iron let in flush with the surface of the cone, but its edge so
disposed that the turn-over of one of the edges of the flat plate x may be
hooked on to it, that portion of the edge which is turned back entering into
the slit. The edge of the plate a being thus secured to the surface of the cone
and lying upon a supporting bar l, the workman turns the winch with one
hand, whilst with the other hand he presses the plate of metal against the
surface of the cone; thus, by one revolution of the latter, and by the plate
passing under the guage bar or plate, which is affixed at a short distance from
the cone i, the plate is wrapped round the cone and the conical form is
imparted to it, but not permanently, as upon taking off the pressure upon the
plate it springs out from the surface of the cone i and assumes a conical figure
of the proper inclination but opened out into a larger diameter. In this stage
of preparation the expanded form is brought to a "grooving stake," and there
by hand bended to a more contracted cone; the turned-back edges are next
hooked into each other and then hammered together on the grooving stake,
after which a grooving punch is applied over the joined edges, which completes
the seam, as is well understood. Any superabundant metal extending beyond
the true circular line of the base is next taken off with shears, which prepares
the mould for the wiring operation, the first proceeding in which is to turn
up the bottom of the cone or mould all round, so as to form a circular groove
or gutter to receive a ring of iron wire. Figure 4 represents the essential
part of the apparatus used for this purpose. At n is a roller having a bevilled
edge, as represented; and at o is another roller, which revolves under the former,
and grooved, so as to receive its bevilled edge. The bottom rim of the cone or

page_text: mould a is introduced between the edges of these rollers, and moved in such
a position by the workman that the rollers will have the effect of turning up
à U groove. Into this groove the wire is deposited, and is next brought under
the operation of a machine, which I denominate the creasing machine, the
action of which I will explain with reference to the Diagram, Figure 5. At p
and q are two rollers, having grooves on their circumferences of the forms
represented. The axes of these wheels are furnished with a pair of spur
wheels with teeth, which gear into each other, and communicate equal
velocity in contrary directions. The axis of the upper roller is mounted upon
a fixed bearing, but that of the lower roller is mounted upon a bearing which
may be elevated or depressed, and thus cause the rollers to approach to or
recede from each other. The lower roller is depressed or maintained at the
distance from the upper roller by means of a spring or other simple contrivance,
and is made to ascend at the will of the workman by pressing with the foot
upon a treadle lever connected with the bearings on which its axis is mounted.
It should be remarked that the toothed wheels upon the axis of the rollers
are so deep that they remain in geer in every position of the rollers. The
turned-up edge of the base of the cone or mould having the wire in it is now
to be introduced between the rollers p and q, which at this time are at their
greatest distance from each other. By pressing his foot upon the treadle just
referred to, the workman causes the lower roller p to ascend, and the face ?
of the roller pressing upon the edge of the rim bends it over the wire; by
now elevating the cone gradually until it assumes a position approaching to
the vertical, the rim or edge of the cone becomes completely turned round
the wire, the edges of the upper roller finishing the operation by forcing the
extreme edge of the base of the cone between the wire and the body of the
The construction of the mould is completed in the usual manner by
fixing a small wire ring near the apex.
cone.
My improvements in the manufacture of dish covers relates to that descrip-
tion of dish covers called meat covers, and are what are used for covering meat
when dished for the table; and the improvements consist, first, of a mode
of manufacturing such description of dish covers when made of tinned iron;
secondly, to a mode of manufacturing such description of dish covers when
they are made of German silver, or of copper, or of suitable alloys of copper or
of zinc; and, thirdly, to a mode of manufacturing such dish covers of several
pieces of metal.
And it may be desirable to state that these my improve-
ments do not relate to that description of dish covers known as vegetable
dishes and covers where the covers are suitable (owing to their flat surfaces).

page_text: also to be used as dishes; these improvements being confined to meat covers,
where considerable sinking and a rounding of the upper parts are necessary,
which extent of sinking and the rounding form at the upper part thereof
renders them wholly inapplicable to other purposes than dish covers.
In manufacturing such description of dish covers, when of tinned iron, it
has been usual to form each cover of four separate parts, two of the parts being
used for the rim or base of a cover, and the other two parts being to form the
upper part of a cover, as is well understood.
Now the first part of my improvements in the manufacture of such descrip-
tion of dish covers, when of tinned iron, consists in dispensing with the use of
the two parts used in forming the rim, and in place thereof to make a dish
cover of only two pieces of tinned iron, which are each to be sunk by stamping,
pressing, or hammering to the shape of half a dish cover of the desired figure
or form, and the two parts thus formed are to be joined together in a similar.
manner to that pursued when joining the two upper parts of a dish cover when
made of four pieces; and in place of adding a rim, when made according to
my Invention, I turn up the edges of the metal and introduce a wire, as is
well understood, and by preference, as above described. By this means much
labor may be saved, and very elegant dish covers produced from tinned iron;
the joint of the two halves in forming a cover being in a vertical plane.as.
heretofore when making a cover of four pieces.
The second part of the improvements, relating to the manufacture of meat
covers, has for its object a mode of manufacturing that description of dish
covers, when German silver, copper, or the alloys of copper or zinc is used,
and this part of the improvements consists in forming such description of dish
covers when of either of those metals by means of stamping or pressing a cover
from one sheet or piece of either of those metals, annealing the metal from
time to time in progress of sinking the same into a cover. For example;
if I have a dish cover to make of from four to nine or more inches deep, and of
any of the usual rounding forms at the top part, I progressively sink the metal
by stamping or pressing the same, as is well understood, when shaping similar
metals for other purposes, and every time I have sunk the metal to about half
an inch I anneal the same, thus by successively sinking and annealing I am
enabled to obtain the desirable extent or depth of sinking required, with the
degree of rounding necessary for a meat cover, whether the base of the cover be
circular or eliptical, and the edge at the base is to be turned up and should have
a wire introduced, as is well understood. It may be remarked, that although
by such means, when a cover is made of German silver, and finished and

page_text: polished it will look well, a very important feature in this mode of making such.
descriptions of dish covers of German silver, or of copper, or of an alloy
of copper or of zinc, is the making of covers suitable to be gilt or silvered
by solutions of silver or of gold, and by electric depositions.
The third part of the improvements in the manufacture of meat covers is by
constructing each of them of several pieces joined together, each joint being in
a vertical plane, such joints being made by soldering or brazing, the separate
portions being formed and bent by hammering, or stamping, or pressing in
suitable dies in such manner that each part of which a cover is formed is so
bent as to produce a flute, as is shewn in the Drawing. It will be evident that
the improvements I have described in the operations for shaping the metal into
a cone, and for edging and wiring sugar moulds, are equally applicable to other
articles of a similar manufacture, that is, where similar processes are required
to be performed.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood, that what I claim is,
First, the apparatus delineated at Figures 1 and 2, for holding the plates of
metal used in the manufacture of sugar moulds whilst their edges are being
cut into a curve.
:
Second, I claim the apparatus or machine described with reference to
Figure 3, for bending a suitably formed sheet of metal into a conical form.
Third, I claim the mode of manufacturing of that description of dish covers
which are used for covering meat, when such covers are made of tinned iron;
by forming them each by combining two pieces or halves joined together by
a seam or joint in a vertical plane, as above described.
Fourth, I claim the mode of manufacturing that description of dish covers
used for covering meat, when made of German silver, or of copper, or of an
alloy of copper or of zinc, by forming each such cover from one piece or sheet
of metal by stamping or pressing, in combination with the process of annealing,
as herein-before described.
Fifth, I claim the mode of manufacturing dish covers by joining several
pieces of suitable metal or alloys of metals so as to produce a fluted dish cover,
such joinings being in vertical planes, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philemon Augustin Morley, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
P. A. (L.S.) MORLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid Philemon Augustin Morley came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-one.