Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
AULD, Engineer, of Dalmarnock Road, and ANDREW AULD, Engineer, of
Number Seventy-eight, West Street, Tradeston, both in Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal, bearing date the Ninth day of November,
Eighteen hundred and forty-four, in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said David
Auld and Andrew Auld, our exors, adñors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said David Auld and
Andrew Auld, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, or every of us, by ourselves, or
by our deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as we, the said
David Auld and Andrew Auld, our exors, admors, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in Her Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney,
Sark, and Man, and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,

page_text: our Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS OF REGULATING THE PRESSURE
AND GENERATION OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS AND GENERATORS;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said David Auld
and Andrew Auld, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six callendar months from
the date of said Letters Patent, as in by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with "the said proviso, we, the said
David Auld and Andrew Auld, do hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same may be performed,' are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in regulating the admission of water into steam
boilers and generators, and the application of heat to generate steam in such
boilers and generators so as to prevent the unnecessary or excessive generation
of steam, and thereby to diminish the expense of. fuel, to save and render
useful the heat which would otherwise be lost by the escape of surplus steam.
The said Invention may be practically applied and used in manner following:
Figure 1. A represents a low-pressure steam boiler; B, the average height
of water line therein; D, a float for regulating the quantity of water thrown
into the boiler, and time of its admission, which operations are effected in the
following manner :-Float D'is attached to a rod, which passes up through
pipe E, and at top is fixed to lever F, having its fulcrum at. R.; G, a stopper
or plug, attached by a rod to this lever, which plug, by the rise or fall of. float
D, is made to shut or open more or less, so as to allow a greater or smaller
quantity of water, admitted through pipe O, to go down feed pipe K into the
boiler. By the pressure of steam in inside of boiler. water is forced up feed
pipe K, thereby raising float C in said pipe, and causing damper N: (to which
the float is attached by chain P) to descend into the flue, thereby checking
the draft, and consequently reducing the intensity of the fire. The foregoing
is a description of the method at présent commonly in use for regulating the
feed or supply of water to a low-pressure boiler, and of regulating the damper.
The following is a description of a manner in which our said Invention may
be performed in low-pressure boilers:-Figure I., Letter. I, is a cistern con-
nected with feed pipe K by pipe L, the bottom of which cistern is placed at
such a height as to be level with the water in feed pipe K when the damper
.:

page_text: is nearly shut, the cistern being also at a height to be regulated by the load
on, the safety valve, and the corresponding column of water in feed pipe K;
when the pressure of steam increases so as to force the water in feed pipe
K above, the level of the bottom of cistern I, the water will flow through pipe
L into cistern I, and thereby raise float ball X, the rising of which will open,
and keep open, cock Y; cock Y will be kept open more or less according to the
.degree of pressure, and allow water to flow from.cistern J,through pipe W, W,
into feed.pipe. K, through. plug G, which will be placed in such a position as
relative to float D, by. which it is acted upon, as not to be allowed to close
till the water in the boiler is considerably above the average height of the
water line, which varies, in consequence of the method of admitting the water
into the boiler above described; Z is a small pipe for discharging. air or vapour
which may gather, in cistern I...,By the admission of water in the manner
described the surplus heat in the boiler is taken up by the water so admitted,
.and.the steam is kept within the pressure on the safety valve. The admission
of water in this manner and for this purpose in no way interferes with the
working of the apparatus commonly in use for regulating the admission of
the water into the boiler. In case, of the pressure of steam being so low as
.not to raise float X, and at same time of. the water becoming too low in the
boiler. a. supply will, be admitted from cistern J through cock H on pipe T',
which cock is operated on by rod S, attached to lever F on top of feed pipe
K. The cistern J may be conveniently used in the manner and for the
purpose last stated, but this is not claimed as part of the Patent Invention.
The method presently in use for supplying water to high-pressure boilers and
.marine boilers is by a pump forcing in water during such times as the person
in charge of the boiler sees necessary and causes the pump to be kept working.
Figures 2, 3, and 4, exhibit the application of our Invention to high-pressure
boilers and marine boilers. Figure 2 is an end view of a high-pressure boiler,
with damper and feeding apparatus connected with it; A, is a boiler; Z, the
average height of water line; C, a valve chest with loaded valve B; D, a pipe
leading from valve chest C to cistern E. When the pressure of steam
overcomes the weight on valve B it will open and allow the steam to escape
into chest C, and thence through pipe D, into cistern E, where it will come
into contact with and be partially condensed by the water at F, at same
time this condensation being only partial, there will be pressure on the
water, increasing as the water gets heated. This
pressure acting on the
surface of the water at F, will cause it to ascend pipe G, and raise float
H, and will by this means cause damper K to descend into the flue
more or less in proportion to rise of float H. When the water rises to the top

page_text: of pipe G it will enter cistern M, raising float ball N and opening cock O, and
thus allow pump R (which is always at work) to lift water from tank S
through suction P, P, and force the same into the boiler through pipe U.
This pump will continue to force water into the boiler so long as the steam is
above the required pressure, but as soon as sufficient cold water is pumped in
to absorb the surplus heat the pressure will be reduced within the regular
range; valve B will close; the steam being shut off cistern E, the water in pipe
G will descend. Floats H and N will fall and cock O will shut, so as pump
R can draw no more water from tank S, until by the operation already
described cock O be again opened. In case of the water becoming low in the
boiler and the pressure of steam being insufficient to open cock O, in manner
above described, provision may be made for a supply of water by means of a
separate pump in the manner now in use; but the pump R may be made to serve
both the purpose of the Patent Invention as above described and the purpose of
supplying water to the boiler when the water is low and the steam not sufficiently
high to open cock O, as above described. The cock O and its relative working
apparatus may be put upon pipe U, the forcing side of pump R, in place of
suction pipe P. The pump R is kept constantly at work and the water is
thrown into the boiler through pipe U, except when cock O on the forcing side
is shut, as before described, when the water will be discharged into the open air
through a safety or loaded valve. This method is also shewn on Figure 3,
where Z is the forcing pipe, having a loaded safety valve on it at S, beyond
which the pump would be attached as shewn at J. At times when the pump
is not worked (e. g. at the workman's meal hours, or on occasion of tem-
porary stoppages), and when there may be surplus steam, in place of allowing
it to blow off into the atmosphere we propose to conduct it into tank S, Figure
2, through pipe T, whereby the whole surplus heat is communicated to the
water from which the boiler is to be supplied when working. This application
of surplus steam at times when the pump is not worked, is not claimed as part
of our Invention. X, Figure 2, is a valve loaded so as to retain pressure of
steam in cistern E sufficient to raise the water to nearly the top of cistern M,
and no farther. Y is a syphon for discharging any water which may accumu-
late from condensation in cistern E. Figures 3 and 4 exhibit an application of
our Invention to a marine or other boiler either high or low pressure. Figure
3: A is a boiler; B, the usual water level. The two upright lines represent
part of a funnel or chimney, having a damper placed at K, and supposed at
present to be shut. L, a lever fixed on end of damper spindle with round
weight O on one end and a quadrant on other. The chain P is fixed to the
projection shewn on the top end of quadrant and passes round it, the other end

page_text: being attached to float H in pipe G. The steam is supposed to be pressing
upon surface of water F in cistern E, to which steam is admitted through pipe
D as in Figure 2. When the water rises to top of pipe G it will enter the
cistern placed on the top and partly empty cistern E, and allow float N to fall
and open cock R, which will allow water to be forced through pipe Z, P, into
the boiler; this will continue as long as the steam is above the required
pressure, but as soon as it gets low the water in pipe G will fall down into
cistern E, and raise float N, which will shut cock R, and prevent any more
water getting in until the steam has again attained the required pressure; but
in case of the water becoming low in the boiler, a supply may be admitted in
the ordinary way. Figure 4 is an end view of cistern E in Figure 3; float N
is supposed to be in the narrow space when the water is level with the top of
feed pipe G.
Our Invention may also be applied by using the damper chain to open a
cock to admit water into the boiler when the steam has attained the pressure
required. This application of our Invention to Figure 1 may be effected as
follows, viz, by having a projection on the chain which in rising and falling
would act upon a lever attached to cock Y, which would be opened and admit
of water flowing from cistern J through pipe W; W, into feed pipe K; by this
method pipes L, cistern I, and ball X, may be dispensed with. In Figure 2 a
projection on the chain would act upon a lever attached to cock O, and cistern
M and float ball N may be dispensed with. In Figure 3 the damper chain
may be made to act in the same way as in Figure 2, by making pipe P and
cock R of sufficient height to allow a projection on the chain to act on a lever
attached to cock R.
Our Invention may be also applied by using a common float to open a cock
for admitting water into the boiler when the steam has attained the pressure
required. This application to Figure 1 may be effected by having a common
float on cistern I, with a rod to act upon a lever attached to cock Y (to be
elevated to the height required), which would be opened and shut by the rise
and fall of the float in cistern I; in this case the ball X may be dispensed
with. In Figure 2 a float may be put in cistern M, which would act upon a
lever attached to cock O, and ball N may be dispensed with, or a pipe may be
led up from cistern E similar to pipe G, with a common float in it, which float
being connected with a lever attached to cock O, would act in opening] and
shutting it, according to the rise and fall of the float; in this case cistern M
and ball N may be dispensed with. In Figure 3 a pipe may be led up from
cistern E similar to pipe G, with a common float in it, which float being connected
with a lever attached to cock R, (which would require to be raised up higher

page_text: than shewn in Figure 3), would open and shut cock R. according to the rise
or fall of the float; in this case ball N may be dispensed with.
In conclusion we remark generally, that the object and advantages to be
attained by our Invention are, that while, by the methods presently in use for
the regulation of steam boilers and generators, any steam generated above 'the
required pressure or quantity is blown off by the safety valve and lost, our
Invention provides that, when the required pressure is attained, water is
admitted to absorb. the surplus, heat, the damper being at same time operated
on in low-pressure boilers, used on land, in, the manner presently in use, and in
high-pressure and marine boilers in the manner herein described and claimed
as our Invention, and thus the admission of water and operation of the fire are
so regulated as to prevent all unnecessary generation and waste of steam and
waste of fuel. The apparatus and machinery above described is fitted for the
application of the Invention to practical use; but the Invention is not confined
to any particular mode of carrying the same into effect, but is intended to
comprehend all modes and apparatus by which the same may be practically
applied and used.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Auld and Andrew Auld, have
respectively subscribed our names and set our hands and seals to these
presents; written on this and the preceding sheet of paper, duly stamped
by Robert Meldrum, Clerk to Robert Reid and William Towers,
Writers, in Glasgow, at Glasgow, the Second day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five, before these
'witnesses, the said William Towers and Robert Meldrum.
DAVID AULD. (L.S.)
ANDREW AULD. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, being first
duly stamped, before and in presence of
WILL. TOWERS,
of Glasgow, Writer,
Witness..
ROB MELDRUM,
of Glasgow, Clerk,
Witness.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of May, in the year of
our Lord 1845, the aforesaid David Auld and Andrew Auld came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five.