IMPROVE MENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE AND REVIVIFICATION OF ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE CHARCOAL.
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATEN
to George Frederic Chantrell, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Furnace Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE AND REVIVIFICATION
OF ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE CHARCOAL.".
Sealed the 7th June 1859, and dated the 8th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederic
Chantrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition; on the 8th December 1858.
I; GEORGE FREDERICK CHANTRELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster;
Furnace Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE AND REVIVIFI!
CATION OF ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE CHARCOAL," to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention relates to certain improvements which are chiefly applicable
to certain apparatus in use for the manufacture and revivification of
animal and vegetable charcoal for which the applicant received Her most
Excellent Majesty's Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of
October, One-thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and also Her Majesty's'
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of June; One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five; for improvements in the said apparatus.
Now, this Invention relates to further improvements applicable to the same,
and the objects of which are, first, to cause an agitation in the char during
the time it is being passed down through the narrow retort chambers in which

page_text: it is being burnt, and which is accomplished by forming the inner surfaces of
the retort chambers corrugated, the hollows and rounds. of which corrugations
it is preferred should run horizontally.
And, secondly, to form of corrugated metal the vertical coolers into which
the char falls after having been acted upon in the retort chambers; the
object in forming the coolers from corrugated metal being to obtain a greater
amount of surface, and in the construction of which lighter sheets of metal
may be used. It is preferred in this case that the hollows and rounds forming
the corrugations should run vertically..
The third part of these improvements consists in forming the upper parts
of the pipes or passages which connect the bottoms of the retort chambers
with the coolers of as great an horizontal sectional area as the retort chambers
for a given distance below the bed plates upon which the furnaces and char
chambers are built; the communication pipes are then divided into two
branches, so that one half of the char will run into the right-hand cooler, and
the other half into the left-hand cooler, two coolers being used in conjunction
with each char chamber.
The fourth and last part of these improvements consists in forming on or
fixing to the bed plate, at the bottoms of one or more sets of the char chambers
a lump of iron, being perforated with, say, six hopper mouthed holes for the
passage of the char.
The holes in the iron lumps are carried down in an
oblique direction on alternate sides; each iron lump is provided with a slide
which covers the openings on the under side, and is worked by an iron rod
attached thereto, which extends to the front of the kiln, the retort chambers
being generally placed edge to edge in rows of, say, four each.
It is proposed
to construct or place the iron lump through which the discharge passages
are formed, so that the second slide will work on the face of its lump at a
line below the slide of the first lump, and the third below the second, and
the fourth below the third, the object of this arrangement being to allow the
slides to be drawn backwards and forwards in a direct line when worked from
the front of the kiln. The char operated upon in the chambers provided
with these slides and so forth. when being discharged is allowed to fall a short
distance before arriving at the coolers or the passages leading thereto; the
object of this arrangement being to enable the person in charge of the
apparatus to see that the char has been raised to a sufficiently high tempe-
rature. And it has been found by actual experiment, that allowing the char
to fall through the air for a short distance when in a highly heated state, is
not detrimental to the charcoal..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Frederic Chantrell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
FREDERIC CHANTRELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Furnace
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Frederic Chantrell, Her special licence that I, the said George
Frederic Chantrell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George Frederic Chantrell, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE AND REVIVIFICATION OF ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE CHARCOAL," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Frederic Chantrell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Frederic Chantrell, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This my said Invention relates to certain improvements which are chiefly
applicable to certain apparatus in use for the manufacture and revivification.
of animal and vegetable charcoal, for which Her most Excellent Majesty.wa
pleased to grant unto me Her Letters Patent, bearing date the 17th day of
October 1853, and Her Majesty did also grant unto me Her Letters Patent,
bearing date the 8th day of June 1855, for certain improvements in the said
apparatus.
Now, this my present Invention relates to further improvements applicable

page_text: to the same, and the objects of which are, first, to cause an agitation in the
char during the time it is being passed down through the narrow retort
chambers in which it is being burnt, and which I accomplish by forming the
inner surfaces of the retort chambers corrugated, the hollows and rounds of
which corrugations I prefer should run horizontally; and, secondly, to form of
corrugated metal, the vertical coolers into which the char falls after having
been acted upon in the retort chambers; my object in forming the coolers
from corrugated metal being to obtain a greater amount of surface, and in the
construction of which lighter sheets of metal may be used. I prefer, in this
case, that the hollows and rounds forming the corrugations, should run in a
vertical direction.
The third part of my present improvements consists in forming the upper
parts of the pipes or passages which connect the bottoms of the retort chambers
with the coolers of as great an horizontal sectional area as the retort chambers,
for a given distance below the bed plates upon which the furnaces and char
chambers are built; the communication pipes are then divided into two,
branches, so that, one half of the char will run into the right-hand cooler, and
the other half into the left-hand cooler, two coolers being used in conjunction
with each char chamber.
The fourth and last part of my present improvements consists in forming.
on or. fixing to the under side of the bed, plates, at the bottoms of one or more.
sets of the char chambers, a lump of iron, being perforated with, say, six
hopper mouthed holes, for the passage of the char; the holes in the iron
lumps are carried down in an oblique direction on alternate sides, for the
purpose of dividing the charcoal, that it may fall into two coolers suspended
parallel to each other below the vertical char chambers. I form each of these
iron lumps so as to receive a slide, with which they are provided,, by which
the openings on the under side thereof may be closed, and which are worked
by an iron rod, attached thereto, which extends to the front of the kiln. The
retort, chambers, being generally placed edge to edge in rows of, say, four each,
it is proposed to construct or place the inner, lumps, through which the
discharge passages are formed, so that the second slide will work on the face
of its lump at a line below the slide of the first lump, and the third below the
second, and the fourth, below, the third; the object of this arrangement being
to allow the, slides to, be drawn backwards, and, forwards, or entirely, drawn out
when required in a direct line when worked, from the front of the kiln.
The char operated upon in, the chambers, provided, with these slides, and, so
forth, when being discharged, I allow to fall a short distance before arriving at
the coolers or the passages leading thereto; the object of this arrangement

page_text: being to enable the person in charge of the apparatus to see that the char has.
been raised to a sufficiently high temperature, and which he can do, by looking
from the front of the kiln into the space or passage in which the slides and
their rods work. And I have found by actual experiment, that allowing the:
char to fall through the air for a short distance, when in a highly heated state,
is not detrimental to the charcoal, provided all parts are made tight, except at
the front and back, or ends of the cavities in which the lumps and slide covers:
are placed.,
That these my said improvements may be the more readily seen and under-.
stood, I have hereunto annexed Drawings of so much, of the apparatus as
will be requisite to illustrate the practical application of the Invention.. Like
letters and figures marked thereon have reference to similar parts.
Figure 1 shows a partial vertical, cross sectional elevation of my improved
kiln and coolers (drawn on a scale of half an inch to the foot); Figure 2 is a
side view of a double set of my improved corrugated coolers, with double
branch pipes attached to the bed plate, and having a measuring box attached
to the bottom of the coolers;. Figure 3 is a plan of the bed plate, upon which
the retort chambers, &c. are built, and to the under side of which the double
branched pipes, coolers, and measuring box are suspended; Figure 4 is a plan
or top view (on a scale of of an inch to the foot) of one modification of my
improved bed plate, which may be applied to one or more sets of char cham-
bers, for the purpose of allowing the person in charge of the apparatus to
ascertain the state of the charcoal as it is being discharged from the retort
chambers into the coolers; Figure 5. is a view of the under side of the same;
Figure 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of the bed plate, and perforated iron
lumps with the slides and rods applied thereto; Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 are
transverse vertical sections of the same..
A, the retort, or char chambers (the arrows denote the descent of the
charcoal); B,, the furnaces; C, perforated reverberatory arches thrown over
the furnaces; D, the draught floors, for causing the products of combustion
to take a backwards and forwards direction; E, the draught openings or flues,
which, at the extreme upper end open into the chimney; F, the bed plates,
upon which the kiln is built, and to the under side of which is attached G, the
double branched junction pipes, to which the coolers are connected; H; the
coolers, to which is attached I, the measuring boxes, into which the charcoal
is discharged; K, the slides on the bottom of the coolers, and, which, in this
modification, are constructed to draw in and out laterally; L, slide covers
on the under side of measuring boxes, for discharging the charcoal into
suitable receptacles; F', (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10,) bed plates;

page_text: m, perforations, which pass in an oblique direction through the bed plate at
alternate angles to each other; n, slive covers, for closing discharge openings
on the under side of the iron lumps below the char chambers; o, rods attached
to the slide covers.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of the several im-
provements constituting this my said Invention, I wish it to be understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details or dimensions herein-before set
forth, as it will be readily seen that they may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention; but what I do claim is,―
First, the construction of the retort or char chambers with corrugated
or undulated sides, as herein-before described, or any mere modification
thereof.
Secondly, forming the openings in the bed plates and the upper portion of
the junction pipes between the bottom of the retort or char chamber with as
great an horizontal sectional areal opening as the retort chambers themselves,
and dividing the lower part of the junction pipes into two lateral branches, to
which the coolers are attached, as herein-before described, or any mere
modification of the same.
Thirdly, the construction of metal charcoal coolers with corrugated or
undulating sides, as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
And, lastly, the construction and application of the iron lumps to the under
side of the bed plate, upon which the kiln is built, having oblique passages
formed therethrough, and provided with sliding covers and rods for working
the same, substantially and in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described, or any mere modification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Frederic Chantrell, have hereunto
set my hand and affixed my seal, this Seventh day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
GEORGE FREDERIC (L.s.) CHANTRELL.
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street, Liverpool.