IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR GRINDING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Arthur Biddell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
... 13th June 1855.
I, GEORGE ARTHUR BIDDELL, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR GRINDING VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES" to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to the means of manufacturing the cutting parts
of machines for cutting and grinding vegetable and other substances, and
consist of means of combining steel and cast iron in the following manner :-
Pieces of steel of the desired form and substance required for the cutting or
grinding parts are placed in moulds, and the melted cast iron is poured into
the-same, so that the pieces of steel become firmly held by the cast iron, the
object being to make the cast iron in each case act as a support for the steel,

page_text: and at the same time admit of the hardening or tempering of the steel being
accomplished without injury to the cast iron.
injury to the cast iron. For this purpose, supposing a
cylindrical cutter or grinder is, intended to be made, the pieces of steel to form
the cutting or guiding edges are placed in a mould, in radial or tangential
lines at the required distances from each other, one edge of each piece being
made to form part of the circumference of the cylinder; the melted metal
being then poured into the mould, envelopes all the parts of the steel except
those edges or surfaces which touch the surface of the mould. When cold,
this cylinder of combined metals can be turned true, and the cast iron at the
circumference between each piece of steel may be removed by file or other-
wise, so as to leave the steel projecting as a cutting edge; (or, if desirable,
the steel can be so placed in the mould as to project beyond the cast iron in
the first instance; the whole cylinder can then be heated and cooled so as to
harden or temper the steel, and in like manuer may conical, curved, or other
forms of cutting or grinding surfaces of cast iron with pieces of steel set
therein be manufactured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Arthur Biddell, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ARTHUR BIDDELL, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Arthur Biddell, Her special licence that I, the said George Arthur
Biddell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Arthur Biddell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINES FOR CUTTING OR GRINDING
VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I;
the said George Arthur Biddell, by an instrument in writing under my hand

page_text: and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Arthur Biddell, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
=
These improvements relate to the means of manufacturing the cutting parts
of machines for cutting and grinding vegetable and other substances, and
consist of means of combining steel and cast iron in the following manner :-
Pieces of steel of the desired form and substance required for the cutting or
grinding parts are placed in moulds, and the melted cast iron is poured into
the same, so that the pieces of steel become firmly held by the cast iron, the
object being to make the cast iron in each case act as a support for the steel,
and at the same time admit of the hardening or tempering of the steel being
accomplished without injury to the cast iron. For this purpose, supposing a
cylindrical cutter or grinder is intended to be made, the pieces of steel to form
the cutting or grinding edges are placed in a mould, in radial or tangential
lines at the required distances from each other, one edge of each piece
being made to form part of the circumference of the cylinder; the melted
metal being then poured into the mould, envelopes all the parts of the steel,
except those edges or surfaces which touch the surface of the mould.
When cold, this cylinder of combined metals can be turned true, and the cast
iron at the circumference between each piece of steel may be removed by file
or otherwise, so as to leave the steel projecting as a cutting edge; or, if
desirable, the steel can be so placed in the mould as to project beyond the
cast iron in the first instance; the whole cylinder can then be heated and
cooled, so as to harden or temper the steel, and in like manner may conical,
curved, or other forms of cutting or grinding surfaces of cast iron with pieces
of steel set therein be manufactured.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will more fully
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figures 1 and 2 show a cylinder as above described suitable for oat-cutting
machines; and Figures 3 and 4 show another disc intended for a metal corn-
grinding mill, with the-steel-cutters-on-the-surface-in place of their being on

page_text: the periphery. The form of the cutting surfaces may be varied, and be conical
or otherwise. What I claim is, the manufacture of cutting and grinding
surfaces herein described.
57
In witness whereof, I; the said George Arthur Biddell, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Tenth, day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five..
my
GEORGE ARTHUR BIDDELL. (L.S.)
Witness,
JAMES SEWELL,
of Ipswich, Ironfounder.