Improvements in and connected with the Hydraulic Transmission of Power.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Apr. 1889
Complete Specification Left, 14th Jan., 1890 Accepted, 1st Mar, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Hydraulic Transmission
of Power.
i
GEORGE PINNINGTON Actuary, 23, Chichester Street, Chester, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A steam engine, or other motor engine is employed to give reciprocatory motion
to a piston within a cylinder containing water or other liquid at each side, or top and
bottom, of the piston.
From this cylinder, and at each side, or top and bottom, or above and below, the
piston, pipes or tubes are led to a similar cylinder and piston, or to smaller cylinders
and pistons and attached similarly to and openings similarly into them above and
below their pistons.
Both cylinders and pipes are filled with a liquid, as water, and motion and power
communicated to the piston worked by the prime motor engine is transmitted, by
means of, or through, the liquid within the pipes to the piston, or pistons within the
cylinder, or cylinders, to which the said pipes are led and attached.
Both, and all, pistons will have simultaneous reciprocating motion in unison, and
from the piston rod, or rods of the last named piston, or pistons, power is com-
municated to a crank or other common machinery and utilized, as required.
In order to take up the shock, or blow, or impetus which a liquid gives when its
flow, or motion, in tubes and machines is arrested, air vessels, stand pipes, spring
valves or loaded pistons attached to and communicating with the interior of the tubes
or machines, or cylinders are employed. Or in lieu of employing cranks, the power
from the piston rods that is used to work machinery, or otherwise do work, is trans-
mitted to ratchet wheels by means of rach toothed or other gear attached to the said rods,
one ratchet wheel working in one direction during one motion of a piston and another
working in the reverse direction during the opposite motion of a piston, and both
being so fixed and geared by means of toothed wheels, on to a shaft, as to cause the
shaft to have a constant rotation in one direction, as each of the ratchet wheels may be
alternately engaged and caused to rotate by the rach toothed gearing or other gear
attached to a piston rod, or rods.
The piston which is worked by the prime motor engine has air vessels, or springs,
or loaded valves or pistons attached to it or its rod, so that the impetus, shock, or
blow, given by the liquid moving alternately in each pipe may be taken up, as it
impinges, acts, or has effect on either side of the said piston.
In the case of the transmission of power down mines and other deep places, one, or
more cylinders and pistons may be fixed at any or various depth or depths, in order
to do away with the great internal pressure of the liquid-due to its weight if trans-
mitted direct to the interior of cylinders and machines in deep places. Each of the
said cylinders to have tubes at their sides or ends, entering the cylinders at either side,
of or above and below their contained pistons and communicating similarly with the
next cylinder immediately above it, and each piston of these relays of cylinders shall
communicate motion and power to another piston within a cylinder fixed on or near
its level, and transmitting power to a lower cylinder and piston by tubes as before
described, until the last or bottom cylinder and piston be supplied with power
necessary for doing any work required.
It is obvious that, as well as transmitting motion to mining and other machinery,
such a system as herein described may be employed to transmit power and to work
machinery in any and every situation about and from a main, prime, or central
engine, and to transmit power from a central or from central stations in any town,

page_text: district, or area. And in this case, a motor engine, or motor engines, communi-
cating power to a piston, or pistons, within a cylinder or cylinders, attached to which
and leading from which are two pipes, as before herein described, the liquid in the
two pipes alternately transmit power to other pistons in cylinders connected with
the two pipes directly, or by other pipes branching from the two pipes. Air vessels,
spring valves, stand pipes, or loaded valves or pistons will be fixed to the two pipes or
to the pipes branching therefrom or to the machines or cylinders attached thereto, to
take up the impetus, shock, or blow given out by the liquid in the pipes, branches,
cylinders, and machinery, on arrestment of its motion. A system of rach toothed
gearing and ratchet wheels, as herein before mentioned, may be used for the purpose
of communicating power from all subsidiary pistons and cylinders to machinery
required to be worked.
All pipes, and branch pipes, will have side pipes attached to them and opening
into them, these side pipes to have screwed or flanged ends, or other ends suitable
for the attachment to them of other pipes as extension of the system may require, and
these side pipes will have fitted to them, cocks, or valves so that they may be closed
or opened to the flow of their contained liquid, as required.
Rotary motor engines may be employed in all cases in lieu of reciprocating
engines, and in lieu of all pistons within cylinders that have reciprocatory motion.
Force pumps will be attached to each main pipe to supply liquid lost by leakages,
and new or added branches and machinery with liquid..
Dated this 13th dev of Antil 1880
G. FINNINGTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Hydraulic Transmission
of Power.
GEORGE PINNINGTON, 23, Chichester Street, Chester, Actuary, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for the IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HYDRAULIO TRANSMISSION
OF POWER and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:
=
An improvement in the transmission of power by means of pipes, or tubes, and by
the means of pipes or tubes to return water or other fluid simple or prepared and
compound or lubricating through return pipes or tubes to the central station, or
stations, from which, or from whence the power is transmitted.
In order to effect this, in towns, districts, factories, ships, mines, or other places, a
separate and distinct length, or service, of pipes, or tubes, is used to transmit power
from a central station, or from central stations, to subsidiary machines, this pipe or
tube is fitted with valves, cocks, or plugs, and branches and the said branches are
. similarly fitted where necessary, and with accumulators-as used in hydraulic work-
or with loaded valves as substitutes for these; the said pipes and branches and
offshoots from them to be attached to and convey water or other fluid simple or
prepared and compound or lubricating under pressure to subsidiary machines worked
from the central machine or machines, and a separate or distinct length of pipes, or
tubes, with necessary branches, valves, cocks and fittings, is used to convey back
the water or other fluid simple or prepared and compound or lubricating to the
central machine, engine, or motor, or combination of these, after working, or
conveying pressure to, the aforesaid subsidiary engines or machines.
Subsidiary machines herein named, are those machines, or engines, which use or
employ the power conveyed to them by pipes or tubes, from central machine, or
machines, which latter, may be driven by steam or any other motor power.
Having now particularised and described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, is ;
1. The duplication of pipes, or tubes, in the hydraulic transmission of power,

page_text: whereby, fluid is retained in the said pipes or tubes, and not discharged, or lost, after
conveying power through or by means of subsidiary engines or machines, but is
returned to the central station, or stations, and engines, to be used again for the
transmission of power to subsidiary engines and machines, side pumps being used as
forcing pumps to supply the pipes or tubes with extra fluid to compensate for
leakages.
2. It is evident, that the fluid used in the pipes, or tubes, under pressure and
conveying power may be specially mixed, or compounded, with a view to prevent
sediment, or corrosion of metal, or to act as a lubricant and this is claimed as a
distinct feature of this invention.
1011
2000
G. PINNINGTON.