Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking or Crushing Stone, Ore, and other Hard Substances.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking or Crushing Stone, Ore,
and other Hard Substances.
A communication by GATES IRON WORKS, of No. 50, South Clinton Street,
Chicago, in the County of Cook and State of Illinois, United States of
America, Manufacturers of Machinery.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in certain improvements in gyratory stone breakers and
ore crushers; and the object of the same is to render the type of machine
mentioned, more accessible for construction and repairs, and also to improve and
increase the utility of such machines, and at the same time avoid unnecessary
expense for labor. The improvements comprise a removable bottom plate and
back portion mounted on anti-friction supports or wheels, a wearing sectional
removable diaphragm chute, an upper suspending means for the shaft carrying
the crusher head, and also other minor features of construction in the machine, as
necessary adjuncts thereof.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, is a vertical central section of this improved machine having its shaft
suspended by an upper support.
Fig. 2, is a horizontal section through the lower shell portion of the machine.
Fig. 3, is a broken detail section of the upper part of the machine showing a
ring screwed on the upper end of the screw bolt of the gyratory shaft for the
purpose of connecting a lifting device to the upper end of the gyratory shaft,
when it is desired to raise such shaft to a position similar to that shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 4, is another detail broken section of the upper part of the machine shown
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5, is a rear elevation of the lower portion of the shell or frame, the bottom
plate being shown half in elevation and half in section, and the gearing being
removed.
Fig. 6, is a vertical section of the machine shown in Fig. 1, but as adapted for
having its gyratory shaft and crusher head supported on a lighter screw at the
bottom of the machine, as commonly in such machines. In this view the movable
botton plate and adjuncts thereof are shown as moved to one side, and the gyratory
shaft, crusher head, spider, and one part of the hopper raised out of the way, so
as to permit the said sidewise movement of the said bottom plate and its attached
parts.
Figs. 7 and 8, are sectional views on an enlarged scale of the improved
diaphragm, and
Figs. 9 and 10, are enlarged views of the upper suspending support of the
gyratory shaft: Fig. 9, being a vertical section, and Fig. 10, an inverted plan
view of the cap-supporting bearing ring.
The invention is illustrated in connection with a gyratory stone crusher
•

page_text: The
comprising, for instance, a main frame or shell D, D¹, the section D, having a
spider B, mounted upon it and the section D', having an inclined diaphragm B',
constructed within it. Within this shell or frame is a gyratory shaft A, carrying
a crushing cone A'; said crushing cone operating within a crushing concave A',
and the gyratory shaft having its lower end fitted in an eccentric box A³, and said
eccentric box being operated by gearing A', and A³. The gyratory shaft as shown
in Fig. 1, is supported at its upper end; and to have it thus supported and still
allow the shaft a free gyratory movement and secure for it a solid bearing while
the crushing operation is going on, the following novel construction is adopted,
to wit: The spider like open work top portion B, of the crusher casing is formed
with an annular recess J, in its upper side, and with a shallow recess J¹, in its
lower, side. Within the upper recess J, are applied the parts K, L, M, see Fig. 9,
for forming the suspending, supporting and sustaining bearing for the shaft.
lower recess is simply for accommodating a collar, or nuts, which secure the
crusher head upon the shaft, when the shaft is raised for any purpose to that
altitude. The upper journalled end of the shaft A, is tapered as at m, from a to a¹,
and this tapered portion passes through a cylindrical passage or bore n, connecting
the recesses J and J. The passage or bore, may be, as shown, directly in the
casting B, or it may be formed in a separate bearing box set into the casting, as is
common in forming bearings. Rigidly secured within the upper end of said shaft,
and centrally thereof is a screw thi caded stud or projection o, by means of which
and a confining nut p, the concave cap K, is secured to said shaft after the parts
upon which it rests are set in place. This cap K, rests upon the bearing ring L,
which has its upper side formed convex to correspond to the concave underside of
the cap K, which comes in contact therewith; said bearing ing resting upon, one
or more ring washers M, accordingly as may be required to raise the shaft and
crusher head in order to vary the size to which the rock is to be broken or the ore
crushed; or to compensate for wear. The cap K, is provided on its concave side
with a recess into which the end of the shaft extends and fits snugly; and thus
the cap and shaft are kept from any lateral motion independently of one another.
In the concave surface of the cap K, outside the journalled end of the shaft, is
provided a shallow annular oil groove or chauncl P, see Fig. 9, which is supplied
with oil from above, by means of one or more vertical oil passages P₁, which are
screw threaded near the upper ends to receive the screw taps P3, of the oil cups P³.
The convex bearing ring L, is provided on its periphery with vertical oil
channels Q, and on its under side with radial oil channels Q', having their outer
ends in coincidence with the lower ends of the vertical channels Q. The inner
ends of said radial channels Q', lead to the central aperture in the bearing ring
in which they are formed. The apertures cut in the centres of the washers M,
and the convex bearing ring L, are of such diameter as to form a symmetrical
continuation of the cylindrical passage n, in the spider like or open work top
portion B, and such bearing ring and washers are of such diameter that they fit
snugly into recess J, and can have no lateral movement. The wall of the passage
formed by the recess J, and of the apertures cut in the washers and bearing ring,
constitute part of the bearing surfaces for the tapered end of the shaft. The
cap K, has a diameter less than that of the recess J, so that it may have the
slight lateral movement required by its connection with the shaft. The fulcrum
of the shaft will come on the line marked x, because the tapered end of the shaft
has at all times coutact with the wall of the cylindrical passage n, at this point,
all around; and the distance from the centre of the shaft on this line, and any and
all points of bearing between the concave cap and the bearing ring L, will be
precisely equal, so that said shaft may gyrate freely upon its fulcrum without the
bearing suifaces between the cap K, and the ring L, jamming at any point. By
this construction, it will be seen that the portion of the shaft between the fulcrum
point and the cap, acts as a lever to freely and readily move the cap attached to
the end of said shaft, which cap, because of its function of supporting the great
weight of the crusher shaft and head, causes much friction in moving, especially

page_text: with the gyratory movement imparted to it by the gyratory shaft. This friction
is further overcome by means of the perfect lubrication secured by this particular
construction of the oil passages in the cap and bearing ring. The oil is allowed
to pass into one or more cups P³, down through the vertical oil passages P', and
into the annular oil channel P, from which it will gradually work its way between
the surfaces of the cap K, and the bearing ring L. and thereby effectively lubricate
the same, the oil finally reaching the peripheries of said cap and ring when it will
pass down the vertical oil passages Q, and work into the radial oil channels Q¹,
and thence to the tapered portion m, of the shaft, which portion works in its
cylindrical casing formed by the walls of the passage n, and the apertures cut
in the centres of the washers and the bearing ring. By the tapered construction
of the shaft-end it is allowed to move freely in the cylindrical portion of the
bearing with which it comes in contact during the act of breaking or crushing
the substances, and have its fulcrum below the suspending and supporting
portion of the bearing. In practice it is found that the taper shown at the
end of the shaft may be given to the bearing surface of the cylindrical casing
within which said shaft end is journalled, instead of to the end of the shaft,
and, with this equivalent construction, the operation and result of this invention
are substantially the same as with the special construction described and shown.
An improved form of hopper is employed which consists of an outer main
hopper C, and an inner auxiliary hopper C'. The flare of the main hopper is
on the same incline plane as the greater portion of the flare of the inner
auxiliary hopper. The inner hopper fits the inner diameter of the cylindrical
part of the main hopper, and therefore can be slipped down into the same and
inoved up out of the same. Its outer diameter is only slightly increased over
that of the spider B, upon which it rests as illustrated in the drawings. The
main and auxiliary hoppers, thus constructed, form, as it were, one continuous
hopper. The construction is such, that the spider B, with the auxiliary hopper
can be raised up bodily through the main hopper C, as shown in Fig. 6. The
main hopper C, rests upon a horizontal flange, formed on the upper edge of
the section D, of the shell or frame, and by this means access can be had to
the crushing head and concave and other parts of the machine for repairs
after the spider and auxiliary hopper have been lifted out of position, which
adjustment can be effected without disturbing the surrounding wood work and
platform that are usually employed about a machine of this type, but are not
shown in the drawings. The auxiliary hopper C, might be formed integral
with the spider B, without departing from the principle of this invention.
The diaphragm chute B2, see Figs. 1, 7 and 8, which is cast integral with the
frame of the crusher is improved by constructing the upper removable auxiliary
chilled diaphragm R, in three separable parts R1, R2, R3, the parts R', R', being
similar in form and construction to one another, and adapted to be inserted on
each side of the tubular extension R, of the diaphragm B2; said parts R1, R²,
being so formed that when in position, they will be locked in place and
prevented from sliding out, by their ends engaging the sides of the tubular
extension, but said ends are not of sufficient length to meet in rear of said
extension, or to interfere with their ready insertion into the shell or casing D¹.
They only extend partially around the rear half of said tubular extension R+,
as indicated by the dotted lines ³, x³. The third part R³, of the chilled
diaphragm has, as a whole, the form approximating a wedge, the apex or
highest point forming a ridge at its middle, and the portion on each side of
said ridge, dropping so as to form two downwardly and forwardly inclined
wings R R³, the ends of said wings resting upou and overlapping the ends of
the parts R', R2, on each side of the tubular extension or flange R₁; the
ridge R6, being supported by a ridge shaped extension of the tubular flange R.
Under the construction shown. any rock or dirt falling behind the tubular
extension R, will strike the ridge R, and immediately slide down one or the
other of the inclined wings R³, and pass on to the diaphragm plates R¹ R' and

page_text: therefrom discharge out of the front of the machine. By constructing the
diaphragm in three parts, and in the novel form shown, it can be instantly
changed when desired; or removed for the purpose of refacing the integral
base diaphragm with chilled plates; and as the parts R1, R2, automatically lock
themselves in position when inserted, by reason of their inner ends extending
past the widest portion of the tubular extension, they cannot become loose or
be detached until they are turned or tilted in the shell or casing so as to
disengage their ends from the surface of the tubular extension. It is believed
that the improved construction of hard metal wearing surface for the inclined
integral diaphragm of stone breakers would be useful, in the manner described,
whether the base upon which it is applied is made integral with the frame, or
constructed separately and bolted in position in any appropriate manner.
The lower portion of the machine, to wit: the bottom plate E, as it is
commonly called, is constructed in form of an angular plate, the rear portion E³,
of said plate extending up vertically, and adapted to be bolted to the face of
a reinforcement collar D, surrounding the rear opening d, in the section D', of
the shell or frame; and also being bolted to said frame on the bottom in the
ordinary manner. This bottom plate is provided with small truck wheels b,
arranged on an axle 1, and these wheels run upon rails c, suitably arranged on a
foundation F. By this construction facilities are afforded for running out the
bottom plate through the rear opening d, independently of the superstructure and
parts which it supports. To accomplish this withdrawal of the bottom plate, the
bolts by which it is held to the section, D', of the shell or frame, and the bolts by
which the spider B, is held to the section D, of said frame, are released, and a
lifting device, consisting of an ordinary eye bolt cast into the upper end of the
gyratory shaft as shown in Fig. 6; or a nut with a ring eye screwed on to the screw
lug of the construction shown in Fig. 3, and a crane hook, are brought into use,
and the gyratory shaft, with its crushing cone or head, together with the spider
and auxiliary hopper, thereby drawn upward out of the eccentric box and its gear
wheel, to a sufficient height to clear the bottom plate, and to allow said plate, and
gear wheel resting upon it and connected to it, to be withdrawn sidewise from the
machine; said plate travelling on its wheels and the foundation rails, as illustrated
in Fig. 6. In the construction illustrated in Fig. 6, as well as the construction
shown in Fig. 1, the bottom plate E, is constructed with a central hub in which is
formed an eye for receiving the eccentric bearing box having a gear attached to
its upper end; this hub in Fig. 6, extends below the plate E, and is provided with
a lighter screw T, and step block. The rear portion E, of the plate E, has a
circular opening d', formed in it, and into this opening is fitted a plate or disk
shaped casting E', carrying bearings for a countershaft E, on which are mounted
a driving pulley A, and a pinion A', for actuating the crushing mechanism.
having the casting E, bolted to the upright angular portion E³, of the bottom
plate E, the countershaft and its attached gear wheels can be moved, laterally,
separately from the bottom plate whenever it is desired to so move these parts in
order to get access to the eccentric bearing box and its gear wheel for any
purpose.
By
It is contemplated to employ a suitable adjusting mechanism, and to attach the
same to the shell or frame or other parts of the breaker or crusher, and by such
mechanism to provide for lowering the bottom plåte to a sufficient extent to have
it rest upon an independent car H, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and
thus obviate the necessity of moving upward the gyratory shaft, spider, and
auxiliary hopper. This is regarded as an equivalent of this invention in that
part which provides for the removal of the bottom plate on wheels running on
rails, without disturbing the main shell or frame and other parts.
In operating to remove the bottom plate, after the shaft, spider, and auxiliary
hopper are properly raised, the gearing along with the bottom plate passes out
through the rear opening d, which is surrounded by the reinforcing portion D³,
and in replacing it, it is returned through said opening.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :
1. A stone breaker or ore crusher having a hopper formed of two or more
sections or rings, one of said sections being adapted to be lifted up and away
from the other section without disturbing said other section, substantially as
described.
2. A hopper for a stone breaker or ore crusher, formed of two or more sections
or rings, the inner one of said sections resting upon an independent support from
that upon which the section or ring immediately surrounding it, rests or is
supported, substantially as described.
3. The combination in a hopper for a stone or ore crusher, of two or more
sections arranged on different planes and forming a continuous unbroken surface,
and so constructed that either one of said sections may be removed without
disturbing the other, substantially as described.
4. In a stone breaker or ore crusher, the combination of a crusher frame, a
hopper constructed of outer and inner sections or rings, a gyratory shaft, a crusher
head thereon, a spider mounted on said frame, and supporting a section of the
hopper; the said shaft, spider, and inner hopper section being constructed to be
removed without interfering with the outer section of the hopper, substantially as
described.
5. The combination with the breaker or crusher casing, shaft and crusher head
carried thereby, of a laterally moving base plate carrying the intermediate shaft,
its gearing, and the actuating mechanism of the crusher, and the anti-friction
devices supporting the said base plate independently of the crusher frame, and
whereon it can be withdrawn in a horizontal plane from beneath the said frame
and the crusher head shaft, substantially as described.
6. The combination of a frame, a hopper constructed of outer and inner sections
or rings, a gyratory shaft mounted in said frame, a crusher head on said shaft,
a spider also mounted on said frame, a base plate carrying the intermediate driving
shaft, its gearing, and the actuating mechanism of the crusher, and anti-friction
devices supporting the base plate independently of the crusher frame, and whereon
it can be withdrawn in a horizontal plane from beneath said frame and crusher
head shaft, substantially as described.
7. The inclined diaphragm chute formed of a base portion having a tubular
extension and a removable chilled iron or steel wearing portion, consisting of three
separable parts, the upper part forming a continuation to the two lower parts,
substantially as described.
8. The combination with the crusher casing, of an inclined diaphragm chute
having a tubular extension and formed of a base portion and a removable
wearing portion consisting of a ridge shaped rear part and two forward parts
adapted to be overlapped by the ends of the said rear part, substantially as
described.
9. The inclined diaphragm chute formed of a base portion and a removable
wearing portion, consisting of three self locking parts, one of which is ridge shaped
and overlaps the others, substantially as described.
10. The inclined diaphragm chute formed of a base portion, and a removable
wearing portion consisting of separable parts, one of which is ridge shaped,
substantially as described.
11. In a gyratory stone crusher or breaker, the combination of a supporting
frame, a crushing concave, a bearing box above the concave, an upper fulcrum near
the lower end of said box, and a support for a gyratory shaft, above said fulcrum,
the said shaft having an upper journal end and a suspending means attached
thereto; said suspending means resting on the said support and having freedom to
follow the gyrations of the journal end of the shaft, without changing its altitude;
and the said suspending means, bearing box and support, being so shaped, relatively,

page_text: that while the machine is crushing, a tapered space is formed all around between
the periphery of the said journal end and the inner wall of said bearing box
except at the point of contact of the journal end with said wall; and at the
same time a parallel contact is maintained between the journal end and the
bearing box, and the journal end of the shaft has, practically, an unchanging
fulcrum bearing-contact between the crusher head and the suspending device, and
thereby one fulcrum is made to serve for the crusher head, and also the lever end
which moves the suspending means, substantially as described.
12. In a gyratory stone breaker, the combination with the frame, of a gyratory
shaft carrying a crusher head, mechanism for gyrating said shaft, a concave,
supporting and bearing cap attached to said shaft, a convex bearing ring mounted
in the frame and arranged to fit within and support said cap, but allow it free
lateral movement, substantially as described.
13. In a gyratory stone breaker or crusher, the combination with the frame, of a
gyratory shaft carrying a crusher head, and tapered at its upper end, a cylindrical
casing enclosing said tapered end, a supporting bearing for said shaft located above
the fulcrum point of the same and mechanism for gyrating said shaft, substantially
as described.
concave
14. In a gyratory stone crusher, the combination with the frame, of a gyratory
shaft carrying a crusher head, mechanism for gyrating said shaft, a
supporting bearing cap attached to said shaft and provided with an annular oil
channel on its under side and with vertical oil passages communicating with the
same, and a convex bearing ring provided with vertical and radial oil channels,
substantially as described.
15. In a gyratory stone crusher, the combination with a frame, of a gyratory
shaft carrying a crusher head and having a tapered upper end, mechanism for
gyrating said shaft, a concave supporting cap attached to said shaft, a convex
bearing ring supporting the same, washers supporting said ring and resting in a
recess of the frame, said bearing ring, washers and frame forming part of a
cylindrical passage for receiving the tapered end of said shaft, substantially as
described.
16. In a gyratory stone crusher, the combination with the frame, of a gyratory
shaft carrying a crusher head, mechanism for operating said shaft, a bearing
support for said shaft consisting of two members, one mounted on the shaft and the
other in the frame; said members being so arranged that the bearing surfaces
between them are, at all points, an equal distance from the centre of the fulcrum
line of the shaft, substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1894.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.