IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR DRAWING AND DISCHARGING WATER AND OTHER LIQUORS OR FLUIDS, AND FOR THE EXHAUSTION OF GASES, AIR, AND THE WATER OF CONDENSATION."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Chapman, of the Borough of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS FOR DRAWING AND DISCHARGING WATER AND OTHER LIQUORS OR
FLUIDS, AND FOR THE EXHAUSTION OF GASES, AIR, AND THE WATER OF
CONDENSATION."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1880.
CHARLES CHAPMAN, of the Borough of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR DRAWING AND DISCHARGING WATER
AND OTHER LIQUORS OR FLUIDS, AND FOR THE EXHAUSTION OF GASES, AIR, AND
THE WATER OF CONDENSATION."
This Invention consists in various improved arrangements for enabling the pumps
to work with greater certainty, efficiency, and economy than has hitherto been
attained. At present, in this class of pumps, the suction and delivery valves, also
called the inlet and outlet valves, are placed either on the same level or the delivery
valve below the suction valve, thereby forming an air chamber between the two
valves and the bottom of the plunger, of such a shape that it may be called an
air trap; and if air should find its way to this chamber there is scarcely any
possibility of its escape except by the use of artificial means, and as the plunger of
each pump moves up and down, or to and fro, the air becomes compressed and acts
as a bellows, thereby lessening the vacuum and the quantity of water or fluid that
should be discharged.
My improvements consist, first, in placing the bottom of the seating of the
outlet valve level or above the bottom of the plunger when it is in its lowest
position, thereby allowing the air to escape freely through the outlet valve and
discharge pipe, and effectually preventing any accumulation in the vacuum part
of the pump, the effect of which is that the vacuum is nearly perfect, and the
greatest possible quantity of water or fluid is discharged.
My next improvement consists in the employment for each pump of a solid
plunger without a stuffing box for the plunger rod, the plunger being made of
leather, gutta-percha, india rubber, wood, metal, or of any material suitable for
the purpose; or the plunger is packed with any of the aforesaid substances; and
these improved pumps can be advantageously used for exhausting gases, air, the
water of condensation, and air and water combined.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Chapman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
May 1881.
"
CHARLES CHAPMAN, of the Borough of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR DRAWING AND DISCHARGING WATER
AND OTHER LIQUORS OR FLUIDS, AND FOR THE EXHAUSTION OF GASES, AIR, AND
THE WATER OF CONDENSATION."
This Invention consists in various improved arrangements for enabling the pumps
to work with greater certainty, efficiency, and economy than has hitherto been
attained. At present, in this class of pumps, the suction and delivery valves, also
called the inlet and outlet valves, are placed either on the same level or the
delivery valve below the suction valve, thereby forming an air chamber between
the two valves and the bottom of the plunger of such a shape that it may be called
an air trap; and if air should find its way to this chamber there is scarcely any
possibility of its escape except by the use of artificial means; and as the plunger
moves up and down, or to and fro, the air becomes compressed and acts as a
bellows, thereby lessening the vacuum and the quantity of water or fluid that
should be discharged.
My improvements consist, first, in placing the bottom of the seating of the
outlet valve level or above the bottom of the plunger when it is in its lowest
position, thereby allowing the air to escape freely through the outlet valve and
discharge pipe, and effectually preventing any accumulation of air in the vacuum
part of the pump, the effect of which is that the vacuum is nearly perfect, and
the greatest possible quantity of water or fluid is discharged.
My next improvement consists in the employment for each pump of a solid ?
plunger without a stuffing box for the plunger rod, the plunger being made of
leather, gutta-percha, india-rubber, wood, metal, or of any material suitable for the
purpose, or the plunger is packed with any of the aforesaid substances; and these
improved pumps can be advantageously used for exhausting gases, air, the water of
condensation, or air and water combined.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a transverse section; Fig. 2,
a front elevation with part in section; and Fig. 3, a plan with part in section of a
series of three five-inch pumps arranged and constructed according to my improve-
ments, and Fig. 4 is a section of one of the plungers detached; Figs. 1, 2, and 3
being drawn to a scale of one fourth, and Fig. 4, about full size.
a represents the ;
barrels of the pumps; b, one of the plungers; c, the plunger rods; d, the inlet
passage for the three pumps; c, the outlet passage for the same; f, one of the inlet
valves leading to the chamber g; and h, one of the outlet valves leading to the
chamber i, and it will be seen that the bottom of the seating of the outlet valve is
higher than the bottom of the plunger when it is in its lowest position, as shewn
in Fig. 1, thereby permitting the air to be freely discharged and an efficient vacuum
obtained; and from the valves f the water or other fluid freely rises up the
inclined surface to the valves h and the outlet passage c. To the top of cach
barrel is bolted a guide for the plunger rod c, the atmosphere being open to the
barrel by means of the perforations m, and as there is no stuffing box and packing
there is not only a saving of time and expense but a diminution of friction; and it
will be seen that the plunger, shown in Figs. 1 and 4, is made of wood or metal,
and can be packed with leather, india-rubber, gutta-percha, wood, metal, or any
other suitable material.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I desire!
it to be understood that I claim the general arrangement and combination of the

page_text: various parts of the improved pumps, as herein described and illustrated on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Chapman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one.
Witness,
CHA. W. COLLINS,
Engineer & Patent Agent,
Manchester.
CHARLES CHAPMAN. (L.S.)