A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS FOR PREPARING PULP FROM WOOD AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS MANUFACTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Colls, of Belvedere, in the
County of Kent, Henry Atkinson, of Wharf Road, City Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Joseph Jacob Michael, of Wharf Road,
City Road, in the County of Middlesex, and Thomas Waters Knight,
of Belvedere, in the County of Kent, for the Invention of "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS FOR PREPARING PULP FROM WOOD AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS MANUFACTURES.”
"3.
ealed the 11th August 1871, and dated the 23rd June 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frederick William Colls,
Henry Atkinson, Joseph Jacob Michael, and Thomas Waters Knight
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition and
Declaration, on the 23rd June 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
WILLIAM COLLS, of Belvedere, in the County of Kent, HENRY ATKINSON,
of Wharf Road, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, JOSEPH JACOB
MICHAEL, of Wharf Road, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, and
THOMAS WATERS KNIGHT, of Belvedere, in the County of Kent, send
greeting.

page_text: YU are in possession of
двуедноц дог
ATEW UK
IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS OF PREPARING PULP FROM WOOD AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR MAKING PAPER, PAPIER MACHE, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS
MANUFACTURES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto us, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and have made solemn Declaration that we are the true and first
Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederick William Colls, Henry
Atkinson, Joseph Jacob Michael, and Thomas Waters Knight, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under our hands and
seals, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement:
The object of this Invention is the production of a fibrous pulp from
wood and other vegetable fibrous substances suitable for the manu-
facture of paper, papier maché, and other analogous materials or
manufactures without the aid of mechanical agitation, the process being
a reduction or disintegration of the wood or other fibrous substance by
decomposing or altering the conditions of the resinous, gummy, and
other matters which unite the said fibres by chemical agency aided
by heat.
The means by which we effect the above object are as follows:-We
first take the raw material to be operated on, say, timber, and saw or
otherwise cut it up into small pieces, strips, or shreds, say, about six
inches long by about half an inch square, more or less, according to the
nature of the wood; that wood which contains the largest amount of
resinous or gummy matter requires to be cut smaller or thinner than
those woods containing a less quantity of resin or gum. With the wood'
thus cut we about three-fourths fill a digester or other suitable strong
metal vessel capable of sustaining a pressure of about 60 lbs. on the
square inch, preference being given to one of a cylindrical form. We
then add a sufficient quantity of a caustic alkaline farina solution to well
cover the wood, which solution is generally composed as follows:- About
eighty per cent. of caustic soda of about twenty degrees of Beaume's
hydrometer; seventeen and a half per cent. of caustic potash of about
the same strength as the caustic soda; or caustic soda alone or caustic
potash alone (of the full quantity, in each case, say, ninety-seven and a
half per cent. of the whole solution) may be used; and two and a half per

page_text: cent. of a farinaceous substance, all well mixed together, the proportions
of each ingredient to be varied according to the nature or quality of the
wood to be operated upon; the more resin or gum the wood contains the
stronger must be the caustic solution; the quantity of farina will also
require to be varied for the same reason as above stated from one to five
per cent. of the whole solution. We then put on, lute, and well secure
the cover of the digester or other vessel by any of the means usually
employed therefor, and boil the contents thereof under a pressure of
from twenty pounds to sixty pounds on the square inch from two to six
hours, according to the nature of the wood, either directly over a fire
or by preference by free steam applied in any ordinary way. When
sufficiently boiled the pressure is removed and the contents of the
vessel are allowed to cool; the liquor or fluid portion of the said con-
tents is then run off or otherwise withdrawn from the vessel or separated
from the wood, which latter will be found reduced to a fine fibrous pulp.
This pulp is then well washed with cold or warm water, when it will be
found to be a light brown fibrous mass, commonly known amongst
paper-makers as "half-stuff," and which will require to be passed
through the usual processes of beating and bleaching, or otherwise
preparing, according to the nature or description of the paper or other
goods intended to be manufactured thereof.
Without binding ourselves to the several relative quantities herein
stated for the solution, we claim, the use and application of farinaceous
matter or matters in combination with caustic alkali or alkalis, sub-
stantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick William Colls, Henry
Atkinson, Joseph Jacob Michael, and Thomas Waters Knight,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day
of Junc, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-one.