Improvements in Compounds for Oiling or similarly Treating Wool.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 17th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 17th Nov., 1894
[Communicated from abroad by ERNEST GODCHAUX, of 19, Rue Cambon, Paris,
in the French Republic, Manufacturer.]
Improvements in Compounds for Oiling or similarly Treating
Wool.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70 Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to such substances or compounds used as substitutes for
oleine olive oil and other fatty matters for oiling and similarly treating wool, as
that described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me No. 10,729
dated the 1st day of June 1893.
According to the present invention, it is sought to preserve the nature of the
compound more effectually during the whole continuance of the processes of
preparation and manufacture of the wool, and to still further provide against
the coagulation of the soap, and prevent any tackiness or stickiness in the material
which at present sometimes causes it to adhere to objects with which it may come
into contact, and also interferes with the regular winding of the yarn.
The compound described in the Specification of Letters Patent above referred
to consists of a mixture of soluble soap, water, glycerine, and carbonate of potash.
In the improved compound the same ingredients may be employed with the addition
of a non-volatile hydrocarbon of a suitable kind.
Also, in substitution for the carbonate of potash I may employ the carbonates of
soda and of ammonia or the hydrates of soda potash or ammonia, or mixtures of
them including the carbonate of potash.
The addition of the hydro-carbon remedies the inconveniences herein before
referred to, and petroleum may be employed, or, by preference, a heavy oil of
petroleum which not only dissolves or combines with the compound to form a
homogeneous mixture, but also serves to preserve the humidity of the glycerine
and salt and to sensibly diminish the evaporation of the compound.
Although the hydrocarbon oil be added to the compound, it still remains soluble
in water, so that it may be removed from the wool perfectly by water alone.
Dated this 16th day of November A.D. 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compounds for Oiling or similarly Treating
Wool.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS, of 70 Market Street, Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained, and by the following statement :-
The new product termed "Soluble Neoline "for oiling wool constituting the
subject of my present invention is formed of a mixture of soluble soap, water and
glycerine, to which I add potassium carbonate. It is designed to replace oleïn,
olive oil and in general any fatty substances of animal or vegetable origin used in
the oiling of wool.

page_text: In consequence of numerous observations collected during a great number of
years, based upon the researches and theories of chemical experts I have acquired
the conviction that the most serious inconveniences encountered in the various
stages of the manufacture of woollen fabrics result from the industrial use of fatty
substances. I have also recognized the necessity of completely abandoning the
use of such substances, and substituting for them a product which is very soluble
in water, and which, while offering the same physical properties required in the
industrial use of fatty substances for the oiling of wool, possesses neither the
inconveniences nor produce the serious consequences, resulting from the use of such
substances.
In the composition of my improved product I make use of soap. A solution of
this soap which by reason of the viscosity which it imparts to the water, facilitates
the sliding, approach and adherence of the fibres.
As
I also use glycerine, a neutral substance soluble in any proportion in water,
which dissolves soaps and deliquescent salts and maintains the necessary humidity
for the wool to be transformed into yarn. This glycerine remains liquid at low
temperatures, is not evaporated in contact with the air, and not liable to become
rancid or to ferment spontaneously. Glycerine moistens the bodies, lubricates the
same and renders them soft without grease, and moreover preserves them. It
combines at the same time most of the physical properties characterizing two
bodies which are in some measure antagonistic, that is to say, oil and water.
it lubricates organic fabrics and renders them soft it facilitates in a large degree
the carding, combing and the spinning of wool. I moreover make use of potassium
carbonate, a very deliquescent salt, which has for its object to maintain a constant
state of humidity; it moreover augments the unctuosity of the mixture of soap and
glycerine and also renders it more consistent; it is moreover very soluble at the
same time in water and glycerine, and helps to give a great homogeneity to the
mixture which it renders very soluble in water at the ordinary temperature.
On the other hand spinners have found that a yield of spun material may be
obtained at least equal to that which is obtained by the oiling with olein.
I have succeeded in obviating the inconveniences heretofore experienced by
utilizing the dissolving power of hydrogen carburets and I have chosen petroleum
or rather a heavy oil of petroleum, which is perfectly dissolved in glycerine, and in
its turn also perfectly dissolves the solution of soap and potassium carbonate. I
also obtain a mixture which is very homogeneous, very fluid, and very soluble in
cold water, and which never coagulates.
This heavy oil of petroleum further maintains the humidity retained by the
glycerine and the potassium carbonate, in short it lessens perceptibly the evaporation
of the water contained in the oil.
An important point in connection with the improved product is that ordinary
water alone is sufficient for freeing the yarn or the fabric from the said product.
The following is the composition of neoline, the proportions of which may be
varied according to circumstances, the mixing being effected either in the hot or
cold state.

page_text: Other advantages consist in that in the use of the product the latter is dissolved
in water at the ordinary temperature; the fibres are immediately impregnated
thereby, and considerable saving is effected in the cost of manufacture compared
with that of the fatty products. In the fulling, I effect a great saving of time and
also of alkaline substances and soap the unoiling being dispensed with. New
fabrics obtain more vivid and fresh tints, and a softer touch. In the case of pieces
to be dyed, the dyeing operation is more easily effected and perfect regularity is
obtained, that is to say, the colours will be free from any irregularities caused by
the non-saponifiable part of the fatty substance employed for the oiling, there will
therefore be a saving of ingredients and of labour and the quality of the fabric
will not be injured as is the case when the non-saponified portions of the fatty
substance become fixed in the body of the fabric, which then necessitates additional
treatment which affects the strength of the material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
The employment of the hereindescribed product for the oiling of wool and other
textile materials and composed of a mixture of water, soap and soluble alkaline-
carbonates, glycerine, carburets of hydrogen in general and particularly petroleum
and heavy oils of petroleum.
Dated this foth day of August 1954.
WILLIAM E. HEYS.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45. Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.