IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OR SEPARATING LIQUIDS- FROM SOLID MATTERS CONTAINED THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OR SEPARATING LIQUIDS-
FROM SOLID MATTERS CONTAINED THEREIN."-A communication from
abroad by Victor Edgard de Loynes, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd June 1874.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OR SEPARATING
-LIQUIDS FROM SOLID MATTERS CONTAINED THEREIN,' a communication to me
from abroad by Victor Edgard de Loynes, of Paris, in the Republic of.
France, to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to centrifugal apparatus to be employed for

page_text: filtering drainage water and sewage and generally for separating or
straining liquids from solid matters with which they are mixed, and
consists in the employment of a cylinder, the periphery of which is
composed of perforated metal or other suitable reticulated or filtering
material, such cylinder being mounted fast on a rotatory hollow shaft or
axis, which is open at one end and closed at the opposite end, and is
carried in bearings or stuffing boxes provided in the ends of an outer
trough or receptacle, into which the liquids to be filtered or strained are
introduced. The rotatory shaft or axis is placed below the upper edge
or level of the liquid in the trough or receptacle, and has formed in it
in that portion of its length which is situate between the two ends of
the cylinder a suitable number of slots or apertures so that the liquid
will be caused to traverse the meshes, reticulations, or interstices of the
cylinder, and enter its interior, and thence pass through the slots or
apertures into the interior of the hollow shaft or axis, whence it may be
conducted into any required place. The solid matters in suspension are
retained in the trough or receptacle, the bottom of which is made of a
suitable form to facilitate their removal at intervals, the centrifugal force
tending to drive such solid matters from the circumference of the
cylinder, and so prevent them from adhering to the filtering surface and
obstructing the passage of the liquid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the 37th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I,
the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: ment of a cylinder, the periphery of which is composed of perforated
metal or other suitable reticulated or filtering material, such cylinder
being mounted fast on a rotatory hollow shaft or axis, which is open at
one end and closed at the opposite end, and is carried in bearings or
stuffing boxes provided in the ends of an outer trough or receptacle, into
which the liquids to be filtered or strained are introduced. The rotatory
shaft or axis is placed below the upper edge of or level of the liquid in
the trough or receptacle, and has formed in it in that portion of its
length which is situate between the two ends of the cylinder a suitable
number of slots or apertures so that the liquid will be caused to traverse
the meshes, reticulations, or interstices of the cylinder, and enter its
interior, and thence pass through the slots or apertures into the interior
of the hollow shaft or axis, whence it may be conducted into any
required place. The solid matters in suspension are retained in the
trough or receptacle, the bottom of which is made of a suitable form to
facilitate their removal at intervals, the centrifugal force tending to drive
such solid matters from the circumference of the cylinder, and so prevent
them from adhering to the filtering surface and obstructing the passage
of the liquid.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose I shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in both the Figures.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 2 a transverse section
of an apparatus constructed in accordance with this Invention.
A is the outer trough or receptacle in which there is mounted the
cylinder B, the periphery of which is composed of perforated metal or
other suitable reticulated or filtering material. The cylinder B is fast on
the hollow shaft or axis b, which is placed below the upper edge of the
trough or receptable A so as to admit of the liquid which enters the
cylinder B from the trough or receptacle passing (through slots or
apertures c) into and through such shaft or axis, the liquid being con-
veyed away from the end C to any desired place. Stuffing boxes D, D',
are provided for the purpose of preventing any leakage or escape of the
liquid from the trough or receptable at the parts where the shaft or axis
is fitted to it.

page_text: The liquid to be clarified or filtered is introduced continuously into the
trough or receptacle A. through the pipe E, and the cylinder is rotated
at a speed which varies according to the nature of the liquid under treat.
ment, and so as to admit of such liquid entering the cylinder by
traversing the filtering surface.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that the level or
height of the liquid in the trough or receptacle A exceeds the height of the
shaft or axis b, and that the clear clear liquid passes through the filtering
surface into the cylinder, and is: conveyed away through such shaft or
axis. The solid matters which are in suspension in the liquid are driven
or removed from the filtering surface by the centrifugal force and remain
in the trough or receptacle, whence they may be extracted at G from
time to time, the trough or receptable being made of a form (which
varies according to the nature of the matters to be separated) adapted
for facilitating their discharge. The filtering surface is thus constantly
maintained clean and free from obstruction, but should it become
clogged the adherent matters may be readily removed under the action
of the centrifugal force by temporarily accelerating the speed of the
cylinder.
This apparatus may be employed with advantage for the filtration of
the drain water of towns, the separation of liquids from fecal matters
either previously or subsequently to their defecation, in paper mills and
other manufactories, more particularly for the treatment of residual
liquids in starch works, for chemical products, the separation of the
pulp contained in the juice of beet root after extraction, for refinery
syrups in breweries, and generally wherever an apparatus of this class
is applicable for filtering or separating liquids from solid matters con-
tained therein or mixed therewith.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, filtering from
the exterior to the interior of a cylinder contained in an outer trough or
receptacle, into which the liquid to be filtered is introduced, the axis of
such filtering cylinder being placed below the level of the liquid or
below the upper edge of the trough or receptacle containing the liquid,

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of
November One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.