Improvements in Interceptor Traps and Channels for Sewers and Drains.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 21st Mar., 1895-Accepted, 18'h May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Interceptor Traps and Channels for Sewers
and Drains.
I, JOHN BARRON of 33 Landor Road Stockwell in the County of Surrey
Sanitary Plumber do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in interceptor and
disconnecting traps, and in the channels adjoining thereto, in order that the flush of
water may act in a more direct way and thus ensure the trap being thoroughly
flushed with the water discharges sent through the drains, also that the channels
and chambers may be set with greater facility and inspection more readily made
than in forms of similar apparatus in use..
The form of my improved apparatus is shewn by the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 being a sectional view of the interceptor trap A being the water way and
seal cutting off communication with the public sewer and B the point or deflection
made in the shape as figured that being best suited to deflect the stream of water
in the desired direction. At the inlet C a socket for the reception of drain pipes,
with grooves to retain cement are formed. In a chamber formed by an arm of
the interceptor trap, two covers are fitted one E fitted at the upper side of outlet
to trap and one at F at the top of arm.
The purpose of these covers is to afford a convenient method of inspection, they
may be made of earthenware, glass, or other materials and made airtight by
Stanfords patent joint, clays, grease india rubber &c. so that by removing F E is
also removed at the same time. The purpose of the cover E.is to fill up the end
of forcing arm at its junction to trap thus preventing sewage being forced into
same during transit through trap, it may also be employed for inspection of the
drains while being laid by fixing a reflector, luminous paint, or electric light in a slot
formed at G. Shewn on sectional drawings at H. H. a rebate is formed with outer
sides left unglazed and scored for Portland cement or brickwork thus ensuring &
much better key for cement than the glazed edges at present in use.
At I a flange of earthenware is formed with back side unglazed and scored for
purposes mentioned above. This flange finishes. flush with the brickwork, the
upright brickwork in manhole may be built at back of flange with cement; by this
means facility is given to form the brickwork around I. and a thoroughly impervious
joint secured. On the second sheet of drawings sections of channels are shewn
Fig. 2 shewing shape of straight channel with broad flat base formed on bottom,
and method of fixing curved channels to same A being diagonal joint of curved
channel with groove formed in cement as shewn. Fig. 3 shews in section the form
of curved channel best adapted to receive the full action of the flowing water and
discharge same into straight channels with greater force and in a direct line with
the mouth of C of interceptor trap with better flushing results to same. At J. the
top edge is unglazed and scored for better key to cement and the front edge of K
is glazed and back side unglazed and scored as above. The sides of channel as
at L are at right angles with bottom edge to form better joint with edge of
brickwork built against them and on edges of straight channels. Fig. 4 shews a
section of another form of straight channel with flat base as above and shewing
curved channels connected to same by another form of joint with earthenware lip

page_text: formed at bottom to facilitate fixing and ensure a thoroughly water tight joint
with straight channel. A A shews the Portland cement joint to same. These
channels may be cream glazed internally or otherwise and made of stoneware or
other materials the same applies to the trap.. My.invention mainly consists in the
modification of form and shape of these traps and channels as described and
illustrated substantially, and as set forth.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1894.
-
Improvements in Interceptor Traps and Channels for Sewers
and Drains.
I, JOHN BARRON of 33 Landor Road Stockwell in the County of Surrey
Sanitary Plumber do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in interceptor and
disconnecting traps for preventing the admission of sewer gas to house drains also
straight and curved channels for connecting of main and branch drains in inspection
chambers in order that the flush of water may act in a more direct way. The
form of my improved apparatus is shewn by the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 being a sectional elevation of the interceptor trap for a 6 inch drain
C. C. is the water line and seal of trap cutting off the inroad of sewer gas from
the public sewers and cesspools and from A. A. to B. B. the deflector or splayed
inlet to mouth of trap made in the shape figured as being the best suited to deflect
the stream of water in the desired direction, riz. directly on the centre of the body
of the water in the well of the trap, this impetus giving the water accelerated
motion to more readily float the discharges through the trap. At D, the dip of
trap forming the water seal is splayed as shewn to form an easier waterway
through the trap, and as the discharges enter the mouth of the trap, they are
deflected from A. A and B. B in direction of D and then to E³.
It is thus apparent that the deflectors greatly facilitate in reducing or breaking
the solids during their passage through the trap, and ensuring each discharge being
thoroughly floated through the trap and into the public sewer or cesspool &c.
Figs. 3. 4 & 5 & lettered A. A. B. B. C. C. are plans of corresponding letters
shewn on Fig. 1 sectional elevation at mouth and water line of trap. It is thus
obvious that as A. A is enlarged to allow a large body of water to enter the trap
with some force, and as will be seen by B. B. & C. C the trap at this part is
gradually diminished, by this means each part of the trap is entirely scoured by
the friction of the water discharges passing through the drain, and the water
sealing the trap changed with each flush. The half pipe inlet mouth A. 1 she n
on Fig. 1 is made with a socket to receive a drain pipe of a size corresponding to
the size of the trap viz. 6", this socket is provided with grooves to retain cement.
At the outlet end of trap as at H Fig. 1 I may form a ventilating socket to
ventilate the drains to the public sewers, or cesspool. In a chamber formed by an
arm of the interceptor trap and provided for the purpose of unstopping the drain
beyond the outlet of trap, as shewn at F. F. Fig. 1 a moveable cover or cap is
fixed at the junction of the forcing arm and upper part of the outlet of trap, this
cover is made to the contour of the upper part of the outlet of trap. An iron
or other metal rod is fixed to the cover F and attached to G as shewn on Fig. 1,
it is not absolutely necessary that cover F should be attached to cover G.

page_text: Cover G is formed with a galvanized iron, brass, or other metal flanged ring, and
secured in the socket of the forcing arm by Portland or other cement, the cover G
is then fixed to the ring by brass or iron screws, or bolts through holes in cover G
and ringed flange. A packing of asbestos, rubber insertion, red lead, or other
packing may be used to ensure a perfect air tight joint with cover G. By
removing the screws cover G is taken off, and cover F removed and the forcing
arm is accessible in the event of unstopping the drain beyond the trap.
The purpose of the dual covers is to provide entire security against cover G
being blown out by back pressure of sewer air (leaving an inroad for sewer gas)
which is liable to occur with covers having no other security than the ordinary
slip jointed socket hitherto in use. The dual covers also render the interior of
the trap without any opening for the discharges to foul during their passage
through the trap. Cover F cutting of all communication between the forcing
arm and trap, and preventing same being always charged up with sewer air.
The dual covers may be made of glass, earthenware, stoneware, brass, galvanized
iron or other metal. Cover F may be used as a plunger to unstop the drain
beyond the trap, also to admit a light or mirror into this part of the trap or drain
during the laying or inspection of same. At E. E. shewn on Fig. 6 and D. D.
Fig. 7 cross sections are given of the inlet or mouth of trap, as shewn on Fig. 1.
Sections 6 and 7 are taken through E E & D D Fig. 1-and on which a rebate is
formed. The inner part of the trap is glazed, and the rebated part left unglazed
and scored for cement or brickwork, thus ensuring a much better. key for the
cement used in building the trap in inspection chambers than the glazed edges.of
those traps hitherto in use.
At 1. I shewn on Figs. 1 & 2 a flange of earthenware, or stoneware, or whatever
material the trap may be made of, is formed on the trap with the inner side left
unglazed and scored to form a better key for cement, mortar, or brickwork, the
inner side of this flange finishes tight against the vertical walls of inspection
chamber, the brickwork or cement work being built against same. By this
means greater facility is given to building this part of the inspection chamber
around I, no fine cutting of bricks required as the flange covers the bricks built
around forcing arm of trap, and either cement or brickwork whichever material
the inspection chamber may be finished with. A better and thorough impervions
joint is secured around this part of the trap. In testing drains with water it is
usual to seal up the mouth of the trap and charge up the drains or manholes to
ground level to test their soundness, with traps glazed around the socket of forcing
arm and socket of cover as at G Fig. 1 no key is given to bind the cement to this
part of the trap, consequently water is invariably found to leak out at I the
unglazed and scored flange as shewn on Fig. 1 will remedy this defect.
Fig. 2 shews a view of front and mouth of inlet of trap also flange I and cover G
in position. Fig. 8 shews a vertical section of the waterway and outlet of trap,
also the base of same &c. I may also make these traps of the forms shewn on
Fig. 9 but preferably. as shewn on Figs. 1 & 2.
Figs. 1 & 2 are intended for the purpose of intercepting house drains from the
public sewers or cesspools and to be built in a disconnecting chamber. Fig. 9 is
for the same purpose, but in cases where the expence of a brick chamber cannot
be incurred.
These traps (Fig. 9) are provided with a socket for unstopping the drain beyond
the trap, a stoneware pipe may be continued from same to ground level and a rod
attached to covers F. & G. or otherwise. Cover G. may be fixed in a socket of
stoneware pipe, (continued from trap and finishing at ground level) with galvanized
iron, brass, or other metal flanged ring and screws as shewn on Fig. 1., or Standford
or. other joint.
The outlet end of these traps may be prolonged and provided with a socket to
insert a ventilation pipe for ventilating the drain beyond the trap. At.H. H.
shewn on Fig. 9, a socket is formed for a 9" inch stoneware or other circular pipe
to be continued to ground level and provided with a grate for the admission of

page_text: Covers
fresh air to the drains leading to the trap, and at J. J. a socket is formed to
receive a 6" circular earthenware or other drain pipe to discharge the sewage into
the trap. These traps are also provided with an improved cover as at F. Fig. 1.
made to the contour of the upper part of the trap, and when fixed, leaving the
inner part of the trap unbroken, and no parts for the lodgment of sewage.
in traps for a similar use are simply let into the socket, leaving a space between
the edge of socket and the inner part of trap. Covers as shewn on Fig. 9, remedy
this defect. These traps may be made of earthenware, stoneware, or iron, and
glazed internally, and externally, and io sizes to suit the various sizes of drain
pipes commonly used. I do not confine myself to the exact dimensions or water
seals of these traps as shewn on Figs. 1 & 9, as I may increase the water seal and
enlarge the body of these traps for certain purposes. Neither do I confine myself
to making these traps with flanged ring and cover G. fixed to same by screws as
shewn on Fig. 1, as I may secure cover G. by a Standford or other joint, and the
rod which is attached to cover F. I may fix in a small slot formed near the bottom
edge of socket of forcing arm. This will also prevent covers G. & F. being
blown out by sewer air as before described. These traps may be used in combina-
tion with the channels shewn on Figs. 9-10-11-12-13 & 14 or separate.
On Sheet 3. Fig. 10. is shewn a cross-section through R. R. Fig. 12, of a
straight half channel, with broad flat base formed on bottom, and method of fixing
outlet end of curved channels to same, J. J. being grooves to receive the
tongues K. K. fixed on bottom of outlet end of curved channels from G. to G'
Fig. 13.
The object of the flat base in the straight channel, is to facilitate the fixing of
same with the curved channels, and the groove and tongue joint provides a better
and more reliable joint, when fixed with Portland cement making a thoroughly
watertight joint at the junction of the curved channels with the straight channels.
Fig. 11. shews another form of straight channel with broad flat base, but no groove
on top edge. Figs. 12 & 13, Sheet 3, shew views of a 67 inch curved channel
with a right angle turn, viz.-the inlet or socket end, and the outlet end which is
joined at right angles to the straight channel. These channels may be curved to
any degree of a circle, and of sizes to suit the various sizes of drain pipes
commonly used. The inner surface and outlet face part of these channels may be
glazed, cream, or other colour, and the outside scored and left unglazed to form a
key for cement. Fig. 14, Sheet 3. shews a view and section of the improved
curved channel through the bend or turn as shewn at C. E, D. & B³.
The object of my improved curved channel is shewn on Figs. 12, 13, & 14.
At A. D. Fig. 12. a socket is formed on the channel to receive the drain pipe.
At B. & D. on Fig. 14. viz.-the lower side of channel, the sides are bent over to
prevent the sewage from splashing, and continued to the extreme edge at outlet.
The bottom part of channel from S. to T. Fig. 13. is made with a fall from the
centre of the bottom of the inlet to the curved side D. shewn on Fig. 13. at I aud
gradually curved from B to D. see Fig. 14. This is to concentrate the sewage to
the inner side of the channel, and in a great measure check the force of the sewage
striking against the bend or turn at E. The high side of the channel is also
curved over, but from E. Fig. 14 at turn, the high side is folded over further
towards B as shewn at P. P. Fig. 12, and continued so, to the extreme edge at
outlet. This also is to prevent the sewage from splashing when coming in contact
with force against the back turn of bend at E & C. Fig. 14. From J to J2
Fig. 13, the top edge is gradually inclined downwards towards the bottom of the
channel, the object of this is to incline the sewage (when striking against the back
as at E.) downwards to the bottom of the channel and thus prevent it being forced
over the edge of F. F. and straight chaunel at the opposite edge at O. O. shewn
at Fig. 12. The outer edge at the outlet end viz. the sloping side is slightly raised
from M. G. & G Fig. 13. for the purpose of concentrating the sewage to the
bottom of the channel and towards the lower or inner side D Fig. 14.
The bottom of the channel from D. is given a rapid fall towards the outlet end

page_text: as at G. From B. B to G Figs. 12 & 14 this side is made higher than those
hitherto in use, and is also gradually curved inwards from B in Figs. 12 & 14
to G towards E, shewn ou Fig. 14. The object being to compensate for the loss
of area caused by sloping the outer side, also to concentrate the discharges to the
inner side of the channel and to make these channels self cleansing. By the curve
at the outlet end the discharges are delivered towards the outlet end of straight
channel and mouth of interceptor trap instead of being driven over the opposite
side of straight channel, and leaving the solids stranded on the cement sides of
the chamber. The peculiar form of these improved channels entirely obviate
these defects. 1 do not confine myself to the exact height of sides B. B³ or E C.
& A Fig. 14 as I may increase or diminish these sides to suit circumstances,
and heads or falls of discharges sent into the channels. Similarly I may increase
or diminish the internal area of the channel &c. Also increase or diminish the
curves at sides and end and the folded over part from E at the high side of the
channel and continued to the extreme edge &c. These channels may be made right
or left handed with tongue & grooved joints or otherwise. Fig. 9 Sheet 3 shews
an end elevation at front edge and outlet end joining straight channel as shewn
at G G F. F & P. Fig. 12. All these channels may be used in combination with
these traps or separately.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I append drawings which
have been described in the foregoing Specification, similar letters denote similar
parts in all figures.
Having fully described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
(1.) A trap with deflectors, rebated edges at inlet and mouth, enlarged mouth
oval on plan and horse shoe shaped in elevation as illustrated, described, and as set
forth.
(2.) A trap with stopper or cover at junction of forcing arm and upper part of
outlet of trap, the inside cover or stopper being made to the contour of the
interior of the trap, with metal rod fixed to aforesaid cover and communicating
with an outside stopper or cover fixed in a metal flange and ring by screws, or
fastened by other means before specified, as illustrated, described and as set
forth.
(3.) A trap with a flange (of the same material as the trap) formed around
socket of forcing arm, as illustrated, described, and as set forth.
(4.) A straight channel with or without grooves for reception of tongue of
curved channel and flat base, as illustrated, described, and as set forth.
(5.) A curved channel with or without tongue to fit into groove on straight
channel, with lower and upper side curved or folded over towards the centre of
channel, and upper side further folded over from turn of bend in channel towards
the lower side and continued to the extreme edge of the channel, also with the
upper side bent down from turn of bend of channel and continued to extreme
edge at outlet, and with interior configuration, as described, illustrated, and as set
forth.
(6.) A trap with deflectors, and stopper or cover made to the contour of the
trap, but without the forcing arm, as illustrated, described, and as set forth.
(7.) Traps and channels, as described, illustrated, and as set forth.
100th of March 1905