IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WARPING OR BEAKING MACHINES AND TO OTHER MACHINES IN WHICH EXCESSIVE SLACKNESS, BREAK- ING, OR EXHAUSTION OF A THREAD OTHER THAN & WEFT THREAD NECESSITATES THE STOPPING OF SUCH MACHINES, AND ALSO TO CASES WHERE AN EXPANDING COMB IS REQUIRED
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Sigisbert Richard, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer and Machinist,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WARPING OR BEAKING
MACHINES AND TO OTHER MACHINES IN WHICH EXCESSIVE SLACKNESS, BREAK-
ING, OR EXHAUSTION OF A THREAD OTHER THAN & WEFT THREAD NECESSITATES
THE STOPPING OF SUCH MACHINES, AND ALSO TO CASES WHERE AN EXPANDING
COMB IS REQUIRED."
Scaled the 6th August 1872, and dated the 27th April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th April 1872.
I, JOSEPH SIGISBERT RICHARD, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Electrical Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WARPING OR BEAMING
MACHINES AND TO OTHER MACHINES IN WHICH EXCESSIVE SLACKNESS, BREAKING,

page_text: OR EXHAUSTION OF A THREAD OTHER THAN A WEFT THREAD NECESSITATES THE
STOPPING OF SUCH MACHINES, AND ALSO TO CASES WHERE AN EXPANDING COMB IS
REQUIRED," to be as follows:—
For this purpose I employ an expanding comb constructed in the
following manner :-Instead of employing two or four coiled springs as
heretofore I use only one, which is as usual provided with picces at
each end having female screws formed therein within which a right
and left handed screw works to expand or contract the spring as may
be required. This spring I enclose in a tube, cylinder, or trough having
a slotted opening formed therein, and in each coil of this spring I form:
a holo into which I screw or otherwise fasten a stud or pin. These
studs or pins pass through the slotted opening in the tube, cylinder,
or trough and stand up in the form of a comb, through the spaces in
which the threads of a warping or beaming machine are passed, or such
description of comb may be used in other machines in which expanding
combs are required. The threads from the comb pass over a bar or
roller and between the slotted tube or cylinder of the comb and such
bar or roller or in other suitable position. I hang on each thread a
forked instrument the lower ends of which are placed a short distance
above two troughs containing mercury and insulated from each other.
To each of these troughs is connected a wire from a galvanic battery
or other source of electricity. Thus whenever a thread breaks or is
exhausted or when it becomes too slack for work the forked instrument
falls with its forked ends in the troughs of mercury (onc end in each
trough) thereby completing the electric circuit, which by causing an ;
armature to be attracted towards or held firmly to an electro-magnet
causes any suitable stopping apparatus to come into action and thereby
stop the motion of the machine. And in order to retain the aforesaid
forked instruments in correct relative position over the troughs, I pass
them over a rod, bar, or wire firmly held in correct position.
I connect the armature or electro-magnet in any suitable manner
with the knocking off lever or with a fork acting upon the driving belt
of the machine, so that when the armature is attracted to or firmly
held to the electro-magnet the fork is caused to shift the belt from the
fast to the loose pulley, or to act upon a clutch to disconnect the driving;
pulley from its shaft.
In some cases however I dispense with the forked instruments, and

page_text: wire, such pins or pieces of metal being formed in the following manner :
-The hole through which the wire passes is formed somewhat nearer to
one end of the pin than the other, and immediately over such hole I
form a lump or projection which is grooved so as to form a guide or
passage for the thread. By these means when the threads are passed
into the grooves of the pins, the pins are automatically adjusted on the
supporting wire, and when a thread is in working order it holds its pin
in a horizontal position or nearly so, and therefore clear of the stopping
apparatus, but when a thread breaks the pin falls into a vertical or
inclined position, and causes any suitable mechanical stopping apparatus
to come into action, and if desired the forked pins before described may
also be employed to put in action any usual mechanical stopping
apparatus, whilst the mercury troughs and the forked pins may be used
separately from the expanding comb.
-
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 26th October 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, JOSEPH
SIGISBERT RICHARD, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but at present
of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Electrical
Engineer and Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard, Her special
Licence that I, the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Sigisbert
Richard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
uso, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES AND TO OTHER
MACHINES IN WHICH EXCESSIVE SLACKNESS, BREAKING, OR EXHAUSTION OF A

page_text: · THREAD OTHER THAN A WEFT THREAD NECESSITATES THE STOPPING OF SUCH
MACHINES AND ALSO TO CASES WHERE AN EXPANDING COMB IS REQUIRED," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describo
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard, do licreby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
For this purpose I employ an expanding comb constructed in the
following manner :-Instead of employing two or four coiled springs as
heretofore I use only one, which is as usual provided with picces at
each end having female sorews formed therein, within which a right
and left handed screw works to expand or contract the spring as may
be required. This spring I enclose in a tube, cylinder, or trough having
a slotted opening formed therein, and in each coil of the spring I form a
hole into which I screw or otherwise fasten a stud or pin. These studs
or pins pass through the slotted opening in the tube, cylinder, or trough
and stand up in the form of a comb, through the spaces in which the
threads of a warping or beaming machine are passed, or such descrip-
tion of comb may be used in other machines in which expanding combs
are required. The threads from the comb pass over a bar or roller and
between the slotted tubo or cylinder of the comb and such bar or
roller or in other suitable position.! I hang on each thread a forked
instrument, the lower ends of which are placed a short distance above
two troughs containing mercury and insulated from each other. To
cach of these troughs is connected a wire from a galvanic battery or
other source of electricity. Thus whenever a thread breaks or is
exhausted or when it becomes too slack for work, the forked instru-
ment falls with its forked ends in the troughs of mercury (one end in
each trough), thereby completing the electric circuit, which by causing
an armature to be attracted towards or held firmly to an electro-magnet
causes any suitable stepping apparatus to come into action and thereby
stop the motion of the machine. And in order to retain the aforesaid

page_text: forked instruments in correct relative position over the troughs I pass
them over a rod, bar, or wire firmly held in correct position.
I connect the armature or electro-magnot in any suitable manner
with the knocking off lever, or with a fork acting upon the driving belt
of the machine, so that when the armature is attracted to or firmly
held to the electro-magnet the fork is caused to shift the belt from the
fast to the loose pulley or to act upon a clutch to disconnect the driving
pulley from its shaft. If desired the forked pins before described may be
used separately from the expanding comb.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed aided by the accompany-
ing Drawings more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figuro 1 is a sectional plan, Figure 2 is an elevation, and Figure 3
is a cross section of apparatus constructed and arranged according to
my Invention as applied to a warping or beaming machine; Figures 4
are two views of parts thereof; Figures 5 and 6 are two views of
a stopping apparatus suitable to be employed in connection with my
improvements; and Figures 7 and 8 are two views of another stopping
apparatus.
a, a, is a coiled spring which is provided as heretofore with picces a¹
at each end having female screws formed therein, within which a right
and left handed screw b works to expand and contract the spring a as
may be required. In order to facilitate the insertion of the screw b
within the female screws a³ I form one of such female screws (that at
the right hand of Figures 1 and 2) with holes so that it may be placed
in position after the screw b has been passed through the female screw
at the other end, and then screwed to an annular piece which is soldered
firmly in the spring a, the femalo screw a' at the other end being simply
soldered firmly in position in the spring a. The spring a I encloso in
a tube or cylinder c (or it may be a trough) having a slotted opening c¹
formed therein, and in each coil of this spring a I form a hole into
which I screw or otherwise fasten a stud or pin a². These studs or
pins a pass out through the slotted opening e' in the tube or cylinder c,
and stand up in the form of a comb, through the spaces of which the
threads of a warping or beaming machine are passed, or such description
of comb may be used in other machines in which expanding combs aro
required. The threads from the comb a² thence pass over a bar or roller d

page_text: and away to the warp beam or to other required position. Between the
slotted tubo or cylinder c and the bar or roller d, or in other suitablo
position I hang on each thread a forked instrument e, an edge and side
view of which are shown separately to a larger scale at Figures 1. The
lower ends e¹ of these forked instruments e arc suspended by the warp
or thread a short distance above two troughs containing mercury and
properly insulated from each other. One of these troughs is con-
nected by a wire f¹ to one pole of a battery g shown at Figure 5, in
which Figure is also shown an electro-magnet to which the other
trough fis connected by another wire f*, such magnet / being connected
to the battery g by a wire h¹. The armature of the electro-magnet /
is mounted on an axis as shown and supports a lever or hammer i, which
when the electric circuit is completed by the excessive slackness, or the
breaking or exhaustion of a thread permitting the falling of an instru-
ment e with its ends e¹ in the troughs of mercury f is allowed to fall, :
and in falling knocks the knocking-off lever j out of a retaining notch
in the frame of the machine, and thereby shifts the driving strap from
the fast to the loose pulley and stops the motions of the machine.
In order to retain the instruments e in correct position over the
troughs of mercury f, I pass them over a rod, bar, or wire firmly held in
correct position. In the Drawings I have shown the bar f* separating
the two troughs f to answer this purpose.
In Figures 7 and 8 I have shown a different arrangement of stopping
apparatus, in which case the armature 2 holds a bar & carrying a
friction roller in position, so that the roller shall act with the
rollers,, and communicate motion from one of such rollers to the
other and thereby give motion to the machine, but when the electric
circuit is completed as before described the armature h² releases the
bar k, and thereby permits of the spring k³ taking the roller A¹ out of
contact with the rollers 7, 1, and thereby stops the motion of the machine.
If desired however other arrangements of stopping apparatus may be
employed in connection with my improvements.
In Figures 9 and 10 I have shown other forms of instruments e made
of wire bent into shape, which forms I prefer to employ on account of
their cheapness and adaptability for fine or coarse threads.
At Figure 11 I have shown the combination of comb a² with instru-
ments e, and four mercury troughs to be employed when using coarse
threads or when an extra fine comb is required. At Figure 12 I have

page_text: shown the use of instruments e with four mercury troughs ƒ separate
from my improved expanding comb, and at Figure 13 I have shown the
separate use of my improved expanding comb.
By the use of my improved expanding comb I am enabled readily to
adjust the comb to any gauge desired within certain limits, whilst by
the use of two or more of my improved expanding combs in the same
machine I am enabled to obtain a much wider range of gauge. And
by the use of forked instruments e supported by the warp or threads
over and in combination with mercury troughs f, I am enabled to obtain
a quick, cheap, and effective arrangement of stopping apparatus.
I would here remark that in my Provisional Specification I have
described in lieu of the instruments e other forms of pins or pieces of
metal strung loosely upon a stretched wire to answer the combined
purpose of a self-adjusting expanding comb, and at the same time act to
put any suitable mechanical stopping apparatus into action, and I also
referred to the use of the instruments e separate from the mercury
troughs and to actuate mechanical stopping apparatus, but since filing
my said Provisional Specification I have found that such arrangements
do not possess such an amount of novelty and utility as to render them
of any value to retain; I therefore desire to disclaim and I do hereby
disclaim such arrangements.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,―
First. The novel construction of expanding comb, substantially as
herein shown and described.
And secondly. I claim the employment of forked instruments e in
combination with mercury troughs f in manner and for the purposo
substantially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Sigisbert Richard, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.