THE PREPARATION AND NOVEL APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN FOREIGN FRUIT OR VEGETABLE - AS AN ARTICLE OF FOOD. CONFECTIONERY, OR TO BE USED IN BREWING OR DISTILLING. OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND GUM."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Slatterie Edwards, of the firm of Edwards
Brothers, of 233 & 234, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Flour and Corn Merchants, for the Invention of "THE PREPARATION AND
NOVEL APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN FOREIGN FRUIT OR VEGETABLE - AS AN
ARTICLE OF FOOD. CONFECTIONERY, OR TO BE USED IN BREWING OR DISTILLING.
OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND GUM."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Slatterie Edwards
at the Office of the Coinmissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1857.
I, JOSEPH SLATTERIE EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards Brothers, of 233
& 234, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Flour and Corn Merchants,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PREPARATION AND
NOVEL APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN FOREIGN FRUIT OR VEGETABLE AS AN ARTICLE OF
FOOD, CONFECTIONERY. OR TO BE USED IN BREWING OR DISTILLING, OR FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND GUM," to be as follows:-
The foreign fruit or vegetable, which it is proposed to prepare and apply to
the various useful purposes above named, is the Ceratonia Siliqua, commonly
known as the carob or locust pod, and sometimes called St. John's bread.
This plant or tree grows abundantly in many warm climates, as in Southern
Europe, Africa, Asia, and some parts of South America, and has been used in
this country in the raw state as a nutritious food for cattle, horses, sheep and

page_text: other animals. It has been found on chemical analysis that the pods of this
tree contain upwards of eighty per cent. of sugar, gum, and valuable nutri.
tious matter, besides a brown vegetable extract which will be found useful for
a variety of purposes.
In the preparation of the substance, 1 take the pods as they are im; orted,
and either roast, bake, dry, or otherwise operate upon them by the action of
heat, and when sufficiently cooked and dry reduce them to a fine powder, in
which state they may, when mixed with either hot or cold water, be used as a
beverage instead of coffee, chocolate, or cocoa. Or, the pulverized substance
may be mixed with sugar and other materials,and made up into various articles
of confectionery. The pulverized substance may also be used either alone or
mixed with ordinary malt in the manufacture of beer. From the rich brown
color of the vegetable extract, it will be found particularly useful in making
porter or stout, and it may also be used as a colouring material in cooking.
For distilling purposes the pods may be used either in a cooked or raw statet
as may be preferred.
.
When the substance is to be used either to make an article of food, con-
fectionery, or a beverage, I prefer to cut up the pods into small pieces, and
then remove the seeds and part of the husky portions, after which the other
parts may be roasted in an apparatus constructed on the principle of a coffee
roaster.. When sufficiently roasted the substance is to be ground in a steel
or other mill, and the pulverized ingredient sifted for the purpose of separating
the skin or husky parts; the sifted parts will then be a fine powder or flour
which I propose to call "saccha" or "sakka," on account of the large quantity
of saccharine matter it contains.
For brewing and distilling and some other purposes, it will not be
necessary to sift the pulverized ingredients.
In order to obtain sugar or gum from the carob or locust pods, the latter
after being cut up may be submitted to the ordinary processes used for extract.
ing these matters from other vegetable substances, and after the usetul extract
has been obtained the residue will form a good and nutritious food for cattle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph latterie Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th August, 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
SLATTERIE EDWA DS, of the firm of Edwards Brothers, of 283, and 234,

page_text: Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Flour and Corn Merchants, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Slatterie Edwards, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Slatterie Edwards, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Slatterie Edwards, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,.
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelaud, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of
Man, an Invention for "THE PREPARATION AND NOVEL APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN
FOREIGN FRUIT OR VEGETABLE AS AN ARTICLE OF FOOD. CONFECTIONERY, OR TO BE
USED IN BREWING OR DISTILLING, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND GUM.'
upon the condition. (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Slatteric
Edwards, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under.
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great,
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patelit.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Slatterie Edwards, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the.
following statement (that is to say) :-
The foreign fruit or vegetable which it is proposed to prepare and apply
to the various useful purposes above named, is the Ceratonia Siliqua,
commonly known as the carob or locust pod, and sometimes called-St.
John's bread. This plant or tree grows abundantly in many warm climates,
as in Southern Europe, Africa, Asia, and in some parts of South America,
and has been used in this country in the raw state as a nutritious food for
cattle, horses, sheep, and other animals.
In the preparation of the carob as an article of food or confectionery,:l,
roast, bake, or otherwise dry the bean pod, so that I am enabled to reduce it.
to a fine powder; 1 afterwards grind it with edge.runners, or other suitable
mill. I then sift the meal to remove all the stones and husks, after which I;
may or may not mix with the meal a portion of the syrup or saccha (the

page_text: manufacture of which is herein-after described); I then reduce the mixture
or the meal to a fine powder, which may be used for making a beverage, or
made up into cakes to be used as chocolate or various articles of confectionery.
The bruised, cut, or pulverized carob may also be used either alone or mixed
with ordinary malt, and subjected to. the ordinary treatment of the process
of brewing from malt only, for the purpose of producing ale or porter ;
also for the purposes of distillation, I pulverize, cut, or bruise the caroh, and,
with or without a mixture of other grain, subject it to the ordinary process
of distillation from grain only.
In making liquid sugar or the saccha syrup from the carob, I grind the
pods under edge runners, or other suitable mill, sift or not, as desirable, the
stones, skin, and husk from the meal, and then mix with the same a quantity
of hot or cold water sufficient to form a thick compost; after allowing the
mixture to stand a time, I place it in flannels or other cloths, which are placed
in frames or boxes, or other convenient apparatus, and subjected to pressure
which extracts from the mixture or mash a strong syrup, which is then taken
to the boiling pan (I prefer to employ the vacuum pan), where I evaporate
at as low a temperature as convenient, until a strong syrup or liquid sugar
is formed, and which may be subsequently crystallized.
To make gum, I take the residue of the carob after having pressed it for
the purpose of making a syrup of sugar, I roast the said residue and then
boil it to extract the gum, after which I strain it through a fine sieve, and
afterwards evaporate the liquid to a dry substance.
With the carob or locust pod, or with the residue from any of the before-
named processes of treating the carob, that is, after having extracted the
saccharine or other matters, I form a cake as a nutritious food for cattle,
and, either with or without a mixture of other pulse or meal, I form the
whole into a thick compost, either by adding hot water or subjecting it to
heat, and in that state place it in flannel or other cloths, and subject it to
pressure in frames or boxes, and thus for the compost into cakes.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to any particular machinery or mode of
manipulation in the processes herein described, as such may be varied without
departing from the essentials of my Invention, nor do I claim the use of the
said carob as food in its raw state; but I claim as my Invention,-
1stly, the use of the carob or locust pod as food and confectionery,as herein-
before described

page_text: 2ndly, the use and application, in the manner described, of the said carob
or locust pod for the purposes of brewing and distilling.
3rdly, the manufacture of sugar and gum from the said carob in the
manner described.
And, 4thly, I claim the use and application of the said carob, or the
residue of the mixtures of the said carob, for the purposes of forming cakes
as food for cattle, as herein-before described
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Slatterie Edwards, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year. of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JOSEPH SLATTERIE EDWARDS. (Ls.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Joseph Slatteric
Edwards, in the presence of
HENRY FLETCHER, l'atent Agent,
123, Chancery Lane, London.