IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Allison, of the Firm of Allison Brothers,
Patent Agents, of 41, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
A com-
munication from abroad by John MacNicol, of Seraing, Belgium.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Allison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1880.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
41, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM GENERATORS." A communication from abroad by John MacNicol, of
Seraing, Belgium.
This Invention relates to improvements whereby a more complete circulation
of the water and increased efficiency are obtainable than hitherto in stationary,
locomotive, and marine boilers, and consists partly of large cylindrical boilers
laying horizontal or slightly inclined, and partly of water tubes, that is, tubes
with the water passing through them.
In carrying out this Invention, tubes which are more or less inclined from the
horizontal are fixed in hollow casings constructed of iron plates, or copper, or of
both combined, as is usual in the construction of the fire boxes of locomotive
boilers, stiffened and strengthened by iron or copper stays screwed and rivetted in
the ordinary way. Cast iron, malleable cast or softened cast steel casings, stiffened
by suitable stays, may also be used. The tubes, which are usually overlaying the
fire grate are fixed into the aforesaid cases, either by means of an expander or
screwed, as may be preferred. The cases are furnished with circular openings in
the outer plate or wall, slightly larger in diameter than the tubes, to facilitate the
introduction, placing, repairing, and cleaning of the tubes. These circular openings
are closed by means of doors or covers placed on the inner side of the outer plate
or wall of the said cases, having an overlap of ½ an inch, more or less, extending
beyond and around the circumference of the openings, this overlap being sunk
of an inch, more or less, to admit a portion of the doors or covers, corresponding
in diameter to the openings, into the said openings to close them, the rim or

page_text: overlap having a thin rubber, asbestos, or other suitable ring of packing placed
between it and the inner surface of the outer plates or walls, so as to form a tight
and efficient water and steam joint. An iron screwed bolt is fixed in the centre
of these doors or covers sufficiently long to receive a rider or cap, slightly larger in
diameter than the closed openings, and having a hole in centre sufficiently large to
allow the said screwed bolt to pass through outwards, and by means of a nut the
doors or covers are tightened and screwed home.
The cylindrical heating surface of the generator consists of that portion of the
circumference of the upper cylindrical boiler below its axis, and also the whole of
the circumference of the lower cylindrical boiler. The former is connected with
the front case of the water tubes, openings being cut in the cylindrical boiler at
the point of contact of sufficient section to admit of the free passage or circulation
of the water and steam generated in the tubes and lower cylindrical boiler to pass
upwards and into the upper cylindrical boiler, the water continuing its course and
circuit along towards the back end, and down through a connecting tube or stud
into the lower cylindrical boiler, and along towards its front end, and up through
openings at the junction of the bottom cylindrical boiler with the back case of the
tubes, and on through the tubes, thus forming a complete circuit.
the
A similar arrangement, as above described, may be applied to vertical boilers for
purpose of utilizing the waste heat of puddling, reverbatory, and other furnaces.
A simple plate is rivetted vertically inside the vertical boiler, dividing it into two
compartments from the bottom upwards until within about 3 or 4 feet of the water
level. This obliges the water to circulate up the one half of the vertical boiler
and down the other, thence passing through the tubular portion of the boiler, thus
forming a complete circuit.
This arrangement is applicable to existing cylindrical boilers, such as ordinary
cylindrical, Lancashire, or Galloway boilers, and also vertical boilers, as well as
being adapted to new boilers to be constructed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Allison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th June 1881.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
41, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
STEAM GENERATORS." A communication from abroad by John MacNicol, of
Seraing, Belgium.
This Invention relates to improvements whereby a more complete circulation of
the water and increased efficiency are obtainable than hitherto in stationary,
locomotive, and marine boilers, and consists partly of large cylndrical boilers laying
horizontal or slightly inclined, and partly of water tubes, that is, tubes with the
water passing through them.
In carrying out this Invention tubes which are more or less inclined from the
horizontal are fixed in hollow casings constructed of iron plates or copper, or of both
combined, as is usual in the construction of the fire boxes of locomotive boilers,
stiffened and strengthened by iron or copper stays made either solid or hollow screwed
and rivetted in the ordinary way. Cast iron, malleable cast or softened cast steel
casings stiffened by suitable stays may also be used. The tubes which are usually
overlaying the fire grate are fixed into the aforesaid cases either by means of an
expander or screwed, as may be preferred. The cases are furnished with circular
openings in the outer plate or wall slightly larger in diameter than the tubes to
facilitate the introduction, placing, repairing, and cleaning of the tubes. These
circular openings are closed by means of doors or covers placed on the inner side of
the outer plate or wall of the said cases, having an overlap of an inch more or
less extending beyond and around the circumference of the openings, this overlap
being sunk of an inch more or less to admit a portion of the doors or covers,
corresponding in diameter to the openings, into the said openings to close them, the
rim or overlap having a thin rubber, asbestos, or other suitable ring of packing
placed between it and the inner surface of the outer plates or walls so as to form a
tight and efficient water and steam joint. An iron screwed bolt is fixed in the
centre of these doors or covers sufficiently long to receive a rider or cap slightly
larger in diameter than the closed openings, and having a hole in centre sufficiently
large to allow the said screwed bolt to pass through outwards, and by means of a nut
the doors or covers are tightened and screwed home.
The cylindrical heating surface of the generator consists of that portion of the
circumference of the upper cylindrical boiler below its axis and also the whole of the
circumference of the lower cylindrical boiler. The former is connected with the front
case of the water tubes, openings being cut in the cylindrical boiler at the point of
contact of sufficient section to admit of the free passage or circulation of the water
and steam generated in the tubes and lower cylindrical boiler to pass upwards and
into the upper cylindrical boiler, the water continuing its course and circuit along
towards the back end and down through a connecting tube or stud into the lower
cylindrical boiler and along towards its front end and up through openings at the
junction of the bottom cylindrical boiler with the back case of the tubes and on
through the tubes, thus forming a complete circuit.
A similar arrangement as above described may be applied to vertical boilers
for the purpose of utilizing the waste heat of puddling, reverbatory, and other
furnaces.
A simple plate is rivetted vertically inside the vertical boiler, dividing it into
two compartments from the bottom upwards until within about 3 or 4 feet of the
water level. This obliges the water to circulate up the one half of the vertical

page_text: boiler and down the other, thence passing through the tubular portion of the boiler,
thus forming a complete circuit.
This arrangement is applicable to existing boilers, such as ordinary cylindrical,
Lancashire, or Galloway boilers, and also vertical boilers, as well as being adapted
to new boilers to be constructed.
But in order that the nature of this Invention may be more clearly understood,
I will proceed to explain the same by the aid of the accompanying Sheets of
Drawings.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly through C, D, and partly through E, F, of a
continued cylindrical and tubular steam generator for stationary purposes; Fig. 2 is
a longitudinal section through A, B; Fig. 3 is an elevation; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal
section partly through G, H, and partly through L, M.
The tubular heating surface of the boiler consists of the tubes A having water
inside of them, being slightly inclined from the horizontal, rising from the back
case B towards the front case B, in both of which cases the ends of the said tubes
are fixed. The cases B and B have circular holes bored in their outer sides in
addition to those in their inner sides, in which the tubes A are fixed, the said outer
holes or openings serving for introducing, fixing, replacing, or cleaning the
tubes.
The cylindrical heating surface of the boiler consists of that portion of the
circumference of the upper cylindrical horizontal boiler C below its axis, and also
the whole of the circumference of the lower horizontal cylindrical boiler D. The
former is connected with the case B, having openings cut in the cylindrical boiler at
the point of contact E of sufficient section to admit of the free passage or circulation
of the water and steam generated in the tubes and lower cylindrical boiler D to
pass upwards and into the upper cylindrical boiler C, the water continuing its
course and circuit along towards the back end and down through the connecting
tube or stud F into the lower cylindrical boiler D and along towards its front end
and up through the openings E at the junction of the bottom cylindrical boiler
with the back case B₁ and on through the tubes A, thus forming a complete circuit,
as indicated by the arrows showing the direction of the water circulation.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a Cornish boiler with two internal flues;
Fig. 6 is a part elevation and part section through A, B, and Fig. 7 is a section
through C, D, of the same. The arrangement of the tubes A is similar to that
above described. The boiler is divided by the partition plate S into two com-
partments, the upper one communicating with the front tube case B, and the lower
one with the back tube case B¹. The line arrows G indicate the direction of the
water circulation, and the dotted arrows G₁ indicate the direction of the smoke or
gases.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of a Cornish boiler with a single internal flue;
Fig. 9 is a part elevation and part section through A, B, and Fig. 10 a section
through C, D, of the same. The arrangement in this case is exactly similar to that
just described, and shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section through A, B, of a vertical boiler for the purpose of
utilizing the waste heat of puddling, reverbatory, and other furnaces; Fig. 12 is a
section through C, D, and Fig. 13 is a plan of the same. The partition plate S is
rivetted vertically inside the vertical boiler, dividing it into two compartments
from the bottom upwards until within about 3 or 4 feet of the water level. This
obliges the water to circulate up the one half of the vertical boiler and down the
other, thence passing through the tubular portion of the boiler, thus forming a
complete circuit.
Fig. 14 is an elevation showing the system applied to a locomotive, portable
engine, or marine engine boiler; Fig. 15 is an end view, and Fig. 16 a transverse
section of the same.
Fig. 17 is a transverse section, and Fig. 18 a longitudinal section of a cylindrical
boiler with the Invention applied to it, the partition plate S being arranged
manticall

page_text: Fig. 19 is a transverse section, and Fig. 20 a longitudinal section of a Cornish
boiler with two internal flues showing the Invention applied to it, the partition
plate S being arranged vertically. The boiler is shown adapted for utilizing the
waste gas from blast, puddling, and other furnaces.
Fig. 21 is an end view, and Fig. 22 a longitudinal section of the doors, or plugs,
and covers for closing the openings in outer plate of tube cases, and placed opposite
each tube for the purpose of facilitating the introduction, placing, repairing, and
cleaning of the tubes.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as
new is,―
1st. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Drawings.
2nd. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawings.
3rd. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 8, 9, and 10 of the Drawings.
4th. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 of the Drawings.
5th. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 of the Drawings.
6th. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 17 and 18 of the Drawings.
7th. The use and employment of boilers constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 19 and 20 of the Drawings.
8th. The use and employment of the doors, or plugs, and covers for closing the
openings in the outer plate of the tube cases, constructed substantially as herein
described and shown in Figs. 21 and 22 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Allison, have hereunto se' my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of c Lord
1881,
HERBERT J. ALL N. (L.S.)