IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hayward, of Ettingshall New Village, near
Wolverhampton, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING."
Sealed the 31st October 1879, and dated the 24th June 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hayward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1879.
WILLIAM HAYWARD, of Ettingshall New Village, near Wolverhampton. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING.”
My Invention is applicable to continuous iron bar fencing, and consists chiefly in
constructing the fence with flat tubular bars or with bars of U section, instead of
with the bars at present in use for that purpose, thereby giving it a more massive
appearance, and making it stronger, but at the same time lighter, than the ordinary
flat bar fence. These bars I use either for the uprights or standards or for the
horizontal bars. The ordinary flat bar fence having corners, and sometimes ragged
edges, tends to damage the cattle and take the wool off the sheep, but the bars I
use being rounded cannot do this.
To join the horizontal bars they are suitably fitted together at the ends and
rivetted. When the uprights or standards are of ordinary flat bars I fix them by
driving a cottar or pin through the horizontal bars on each side of the uprights;
but when my bars are used for the uprights I drive the cottars or pins through
both the upright and the horizontal bars, thus securing each joint by means of one
cottar or pin.
I wish it further to be understood that uprights in accordance with my Invention
may be used in combination with various kinds of horizontal bars; also that hori-
zontal bars in accordance with my Invention may be used with various kinds of
uprights

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Willliam Hayward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
December 1879.
WILLIAM HAYWARD, of Ettingshall New Village, near Wolverhampton.
PROVEMENTS IN IRON FENCING.'
17
"IM-
My Invention is applicable to continuous iron bar fencing, and consists chiefly in
constructing the fence with flat tubular bars or with bars of U section, instead of
with the bars at present in use for that purpose, thereby giving it a more massive
appearance, and making it stronger, but at the same time lighter, than the ordinary
flat bar fence. These bars I use either for the uprights or standards or for the 1
horizontal bars. The ordinary flat bar fence having corners, and sometimes ragged
edges, tends to damage the cattle and take the wool off the sheep, but the bars I
use being rounded cannot do this.
To join the horizontal bars they are suitably fitted together at the ends and
rivetted. When the uprights or standards are of ordinary flat bars I fix them
by driving a cottar or pin through the horizontal bars on each side of the uprights;
but when my bars are used for the uprights I drive the cottar or pin through both
the upright and the horizontal bars, thus securing each joint by means of one cottar
or pin.
wish it further to be understood that uprights in accordance with my Invention
may be used in combination with various kinds of horizontal bars; also that hori-
zontal bars made in accordance with my Invention may be used in combination
with various kinds of uprights.
And in order that my said Invention may be clearly understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same by referring to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 shows a part of a continuous fence, the upright and horizontal_bars
being constructed of flat tubular bara in accordance with my Invention, as shewn
in section by Figure 4. I make the uprights or standards either parallel, as shewn
at A, or tapered, as shewn at B in Figure 1, and fix in the lower ends cast iron
points C, C, so that they may be easily driven into the ground. I also fix in the
top ends of the uprights or standards ornamental cast iron pieces to give the
fencing a more ornamental appearance and prevent rain from getting into the
standards. The fence may be constructed in a similar manner with bars of
U section, as shewn by Figure 5, the open part being the underside in the case of
the horizontal bars.
Figure 2 shows a hurdle, the uprights or standards consisting of ordinary flat
bars, and the horizontal bars being in accordance with my Invention.
Figure 3 shews a part of a wire fence with uprights or standards of flat tubular
bars in accordance with my Invention. The wires are fixed as shewn in the Figure,
and are tightened by means of the appliance shewn by Figure 8, or by means of
bolts and nuts. The standards D, D, may be made either of flat tubular bars, as
shewn, or of bars of U section, and may be either parallel or tapered.
Figure 4 shews a section of the flat tubular bar used in accordance with my
Invention, which may be either welded or unwelded, as shewn. Figure 5 shews 4
the bar of U section used in accordance with my Invention. These bars have the
advantage over the tubular bars at present in use that they cannot be turned round
in the uprights or standards.
Figure 6 shews a tree guard which may be constructed in accordance with my
Invention, either the uprights or the horizontal bars being either flat tubular bars 5
or bars of U section.
Figure 7 shows the method of securing the horizontal bars in the uprights or
standards when the latter consist of flat tubular bars. When the uprights are of

page_text: ordinary flat bars I fix them by driving a cotter or pin through the horizontal
bars on each side of the uprights. The horizontal bars made in accordance with
my Invention may also be joined together in the manner shewn by Figure 7, the
ends being suitably fitted together and the pin driven through and rivetted. When
3 the flat tubular bar is used the joints may be made by means of sockets in the
ordinary way.
Figure 8 shows a front elevation and a side elevation of part of a standard made
in accordance with my Invention for wire fencing, shewing the method of fixing
the ratchet for straining the wire. E is a ratchet wheel on the pin F which passes
through the standard, and is secured either by means of a nut or in the manner
shown in the Drawing. The pin F has a square end, on which may be fitted a key
for the purpose of straining the wire. The pawl G falls into the ratchet wheel E
and prevents any return motion.
Figure 9 shows a gate of a continuous iron fence made in accordance with my
Invention, either the uprights or the horizontal bars in which may be either flat
tubular bars or bars of U section.
Ornamental fencing may also be made in accordance with my Invention, as shewn
by Figure 10. The horizontal bars and the upright bars are all formed of flat
tubular bars, as shewn in section by Figure 4, the cast iron ornamental pieces H
being fitted into the tops of the upright bars.
I am aware that some of the parts described and illustrated are not new, but they
have been inserted in order to render the description more intelligible. I wish it to
be understood also that I have only described some of the methods in which my
Invention may be carried into practical effect, and that other methods may be
used without departing from the leading features of my Invention, but what I
claim is,----
Firstly. The use of flat tubular bars, represented in section by Figure 4, as
applied to the manufacture of continuous iron fencing, either for the horizontal bars
or for the uprights or standards, substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. The use of bars of U section as applied to the manufacture of continuous
iron fencing, either for the horizontal bars or for the uprights or standards, substan-
tially as herein before described.
Thirdly. The method of securing the horizontal bars to the uprights or standards,
substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in Figure 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hayward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine.

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