Apparatus for Cooling or Hardening Objects of Metal, Alloys, and the like between Plates, Moulds, Dies, or Rollers.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 31st May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Cooling or Hardening Objects of Metal, Alloys, and
the like between Plates, Moulds, Dies, or Rollers.
I, ERNST HAMMESFAHR, of 7, Foche, Solingen, Germany, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The cooling and hardening of objects of iron, steel, or other metals or alloys &c.,
has heretofore been effected by the immersion thereof in water and other liquids.
By this means however, the objects generally experience a change in form, or
get distorted, and require to be again manipulated to bring them into proper
shape.
According to the present invention the objects are cooled or hardened while they
are situated between plates, moulds, dies or rollers which confine them and which
are maintained cold by means of cold water or other cooling liquid. According to
one arrangement for this purpose, there are an upper and a lower receptacle filled
with water, of which the lower one is fixed while the upper one is moveable.
The lower receptacle has at its upper side, and the upper one at its lower side
an opening which is closed water tight by a comparatively thin plate; between
these plates, which are in direct contact with the water, the cooling or hardening
of the objects is effected. The said plates can either be smooth or recessed or
formed as dies or moulds, according to the configuration of the object to be cooled,
so that this is confined in all directions and is thus prevented from warping or
becoming distorted, while it is being cooled by the conduction of the said plates,
dies, or moulds, from which the heat is taken up by the water, this being if
necessary made to circulate to and from the receptacle through pipes connected
with a reservoir.
In place of receptacles filled with water may be employed cooling blocks of
porous material, such as sandstone saturated with water and consequently kept
cold by evaporation; the lower block can for this purpose be made to stand in a
receptacle filled with water, while the upper one can have a water receptacle fitted
to its upper part.
Or the said porous blocks may be themselves formed hollow so as to constitute
the receptacles for containing the cooling water, and they may also be formed as
the mould or die in which the object is confined.
For cooling or hardening long objects such as bars, sheet metal, or plates, these
may be passed between hollow rollers through which cold water is made to circulate,
the lower one being, if necessary, also partly immersed in a vessel filled with cold
water; or the rollers may be solid and of porous material such as stone or cement
and saturated with water.
They may either have a smooth cylindrical surface or be formed with grooves or
recesses according to the form of the object to be treated.
Dated this 31st day of May 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMEDIE DI CIFICATION.
Apparatus for Cooling or Hardening Objects of Metal, Alloys, and
the like between Plates, Moulds, Dies, or Rollers.
I, ERNST HAMMESFAHR, of 7 Foche, Solingen, Germany, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The cooling and hardening of objects of iron, steel, or other metals or alloys &c.
has heretofore been effected by the immersion thereof in water and other liquids.
By this means, however, the objects generally experience a change in form or
get distorted, and require to be again manipulated, to bring them into proper
shape.
According to the present invention the objects are cooled or hardened while they
are situated between plates, moulds, dies or rollers which confine them and which
are maintained cold by means of cold water or other cooling liquid.
Figs. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings shew two examples of arrangements
for carrying out the above described invention, suitable for the cooling or hardening
of smaller objects.
The arrangement shewn in vertical section at Fig. 1 consists of two vessels a b
arranged one above the other, of which as a rule one, for example a is fixed, while
the other can be raised and lowered.
The receptacle a has at its upper end, and the receptacle at its lower end, an
opening which openings are closed by comparatively thin plates c d.
Between these plates, which are in direct contact with the water, the cooling or
hardening of the object takes place. The plates may either be formed smooth or
like moulds or dies, according to the objects to be treated, or they may be provided
with separate dies or moulds c' d', so that the object to be treated is completely
enclosed and subjected to pressure, whereby any warping or getting out of
shape is effectually prevented.
At the moment when the object such as a bar, knife or scissor blade, fork, saw
blade, spade, spoon &c. is brought on to the plate c or mould c¹ and the vessel b
with its plate d or mould dis placed upon the object, the hardening or cooling of
the object at once commences, and the object being effectually confined under
pressure is prevented from warping and consequently from cracking and retains its
accurate configuration.
The cooling water can be continually renewed by means of fresh water, by
providing circulating pipes f g h i so that the plates c d or moulds c' d¹ are
maintained cold.
In place of vessels ab filled with water, cooling blocks made of porous material
may be used. For example, in place of the vessel a a suitably shaped block of
sandstone may be placed in water, or otherwise have water applied thereto, so as
to be kept continually wet and be kept cold by evaporation.
Also the vessel 6 may be replaced by sandstone.
It may be made to form part of a vessel containing water so as to be kept wet
thereby. Such an arrangement is shewn at Fig. 2.
k and are the two cooling blocks, of which the upper one is moveable while the
lower one is fixed. Or the reverse arrangement may be used, or both blocks may
be moveable.
The block receives moisture from below, and from above. The cooling
surfaces of the blocks are in this case formed as matrix and die for hardening
objects of the form of spoons m. The stones can also be made hollow and serve

page_text: themselves as receptacles for the water by which they are kept wet, as indicated at
Fig. 3.
Instead of cutting the moulds for the objects in the stones themselves, the mould
may be formed of separate material, such as cement or metal, which are fixed to
the stones.
For cooling or hardening long objects, such as bars, sheet metal or flat objects
such as saw blades &c., there may be used in place of the parts a bor k l, cooling
rollers no as shewn at Fig. 4, which may be made either solid or hollow, and either
of metal, or of porous material, such as sandstone, cement &c., for utilising the
evaporation for cooling.
The surfaces of the rollers are either made smooth or with recesses and projections
according to the nature of the object to be treated, so as to more or less enclose this
as it is passed through in the direction of the arrow, and thereby to subject it to a
uniform cooling or hardening action.
The rollers may have water flowing over their outer surfaces or they may run in
water in addition to or in lieu of having water circulating through them when made
hollow, as shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
:―
1. Apparatus for cooling and hardening objects wherein the said objects are
enclosed between surface c d of vessels ab filled with cooling liquid, or between
moulds fixed on such vessels, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for cooling and hardening objects such as is referred to in the
first claim, constructing the surfaces between which the objects are enclosed of
porous material that is kept wet by means of water during the cooling or hardening,
substantially as described.
3. In apparatus for cooling and hardening objects such as is referred to in the
first claim, constructing the bodies by which such cooling is effected as solid or
hollow rollers whose surfaces are either smooth or formed with recesses and
between which the objects to be acted upon are passed, such rollers being made
either of porous or of non porous material, and being kept wet during the cooling
operation, substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of February 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.