IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Pardoe, of Brierly Hill, in the County of
Stafford, Coke Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Pardoe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1866.
I, CHARLES PARDOE, of Brierly Hill, in the County of Stafford, Coke
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a series of two or more coke ovens
with flues running backwards and forwards along the inside of the partition
walls dividing the ovens. From these flues the gases and flames are con-
ducted into flues which communicate by openings with the flues from all the
other ovens, and thence underneath the floors of the ovens into the main flue
leading to the stack. The openings for the flues, which I prefer to place on
the side of the roof of each oven, may or may not be closed with a damper,
as shall be found convenient. These said openings I prefer to place at
alternate ends of alternate ovens. By this arrangement thick batches may be

page_text: coked, as the roof of the oven radiates sufficient heat to coke the top of the
batch, while the heat working in the sides as above described maintains an
intense heat which is forced into the interior of the batch, thereby preventing
dust and the large quantity of uncoked material usual in ovens where the heat
cannot penetrate the batch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Pardoe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th September 1866.
•
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
PARDOE, of Brierly Hill, in the County of Stafford, Coke Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Pardoe, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Pardoe, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Pardoe, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Pardoe, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Pardoe, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing a series of two or more coke ovens
with flues running backwards and forwards along the inside of the partition
walls dividing the said ovens. The gases, flames, and products of combustion

page_text: from the ovens enter the said flues by openings placed in the arch of the oven
near the springing line of the same, and the said gases and flames after
traversing the said side flues communicate by openings, placed by preferenco
at alternate ends of alternate ovens, with flues underneath the floors of the
series of ovens, into which last-mentioned flues the whole of the flames and
gases from tho several ovens enter and traverse, and from thenco escape by
stacks at the ends of the ovens. The openings near the top of the ovens
through which the flames and gases pass to the side flues may be provided
with dampers for closing the said openings and cutting off communication
with the main flues under the series of ovens. By the arrangement described
thick batches of coal may be coked as the roof of the oven radiates sufficient
heat to coke the top of the batch, while the heat traversing the hollow sides
of the ovens maintains an intense heat, which heat is transmitted into the
interior of the batch. By this means the batch is more uniformly and com-
pletely coked without dust or uncoked material than in coke ovens of the
ordinary construction. The gases generated by the combustion of the coal in
the said coke ovens may be utilized in any convenient manner, or every alternate
oven of the series may be applied to the manufacture of coke and combustible
gas or volatile hydrocarbons or coal oils.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents, partly in longitudinal vertical section and partly in eleva-
tion, a series or group of coke ovens constructed according to my Invention ;
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same taken on the ground line ;
Figure 8 represents in plan a portion of the top of the ovens; Figure 4 is a
cross section of one of the ovens taken through the side flue; and Figure 5
represents a series of ovens in which every alternate oven is employed to
manufacture coke from small coal or slack and collect the hydrocarbon
vapours or coal oil produced by the combustion of the said coal or slack.
I will first describe the construction of the ovens Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and
afterwards that of the ovens Figure 5. The same letters of reference indicate
the same parts in each Figure of the Drawing. a are the ovens built side by
side, and supported by the buttresses b, b, at either end. In the partition walls
c of the said ovens flues nearly the length of the ovens are made. These flues
are marked d in Figure 2. The said side flues are divided midway by a
horizontal partition e, best seen in the cross section Figure 4 and longitudinal
section in Figure 1, in which said Figures 1 and 4 the divided flue is marked
d, d. The ovens a open into the said flues d, de, by a hole f situated near

page_text: the springing line of the arch of the said ovens. Each of the holes f is
provided with a damper 9, by which communication with the side flues d, d²,
may be regulated or cut off at pleasure. The holes fopening into the side flues
are placed at alternate ends of the ovens, that is, the hole is made at the
back end of one oven and at the front end of the next oven, as will be under-
stood by an examination of Figure 8. The bottoms of the side flues d, d³,
open by the holes h, h³, near the floor line with flues or passages marked i, i,
and k, k, under the floors of and running the whole length of the ovens.
The openings h, h³, to the ground flues i, k, are situated at alternate ends
of the ovens, so that each of the ovens of the series in which the hole f
is situated at the front of the oven communicates by the hole h, also at
the front, with the ground flues marked i, i, while all the other ovens
whose openings f are at the backs of the ovens communicate by the
holes h, also at the backs, with the ground flues marked k, k, as will be
understood by an examination of the horizontal section Figure 2 and
cross section Figure 4. The ground flues i, i, open into the stack at
one end of the series of ovens, and the ground flues k, k, open into the
stack mat the other end of the series of ovens, as indicated by the arrows
in Figure 2. The fronts of the ovens are closed by iron doors, and air
passing through the ovens is regulated by the openings markeds in the iron
doors of the ovens. p are holes in the tops of the ovens by which the charg
is introduced. When the ovens are in use the gases and flames produced by
the combustion of the coal pass by the openings f into the side flues d, d,
traversing backwards and forwards the said flues in the manner indicated in
Figure 4. From tho said side flues the gases and flames pass by tho
holes h, h, near the ground line into the flues i, k, under the whole of the
bottoms of the ovens, through which they circulate, and finally escape by
the stacks I, m. By the passage of the flames and gases and products of
combustion around the sides and bottoms of the ovens in the manner
described and represented the said sides and bottoms are uniformly and
intensely heated, and the heat from which, as well as from the arches of the
oven, are transmitted into the middle of the batch, and a better coke thereby
manufactured than by the use of coke ovens of the ordinary construction.
Instead of the products. of combustion being conducted from the series of
ovens by a stack at each end thereof, as described and represented, one end
of the series of ovens may be built up in the ordinary way, and the products
of combustion escape by a stack at the other end.
I do not limit myself to the shapo of the oven to which the side flues are
applied, nor to the number or position of the said flues, as these may be

page_text: varied to suit the purposes to which the ovens are to be applied; for
example, instead of dividing the side flues by one horizontal partition only, two
or more may be employed so as to form a series of narrow passages, or the
said side flues may be divided by one or more vertical partitions into a series
of vertical flues; neither do I limit myself to any particular construction of
the ground or bottom flues.
When I apply my Invention to the manufacture of coke and volatile
hydrocarbons or coal oils I arrange the ovens in the manner represented in
Figure 5, that is to say, I make every alternate coke oven into a retort or
closed chamber marked q, and heat the said retorts or chambers by the flames
and products of combustion passing from the adjacent coke ovens in the
manner represented in Drawing. In this case the ovens in which coke only
is to be made are provided with openings f, f, at either side, which open into
the side flues d, d. In the middle of the chambers or retorts q is a flue or
passager for conveying away the hydrocarbon vapours generated in the said
retorts or chambers to a condensing apparatus of the ordinary kind. These
ovens or retorts may also be employed for the manufacture of coke and
combustible or lighting gas. By the arrangement represented in Figure 5 of
the ovens or chambers those from which coal oils or combustible or lighting
gas are to be obtained are heated by the waste heat from the coking ovens
instead of being heated in the ordinary way.
In addition to the production of better coke than coke ovens of the ordinary
kind, coke ovens constructed according to my Invention possess, among
others, the following advantages:-They are particularly adapted for making
gas and coke, or for extracting volatile bydrocarbons or coal oils; also for
utilizing the waste heat, which may be applied to calcining ironstone, or
heating blast, or generating steam; and they are also specially adapted for
coking or utilizing Stafforshire slack or small coal combined with a portion
of bituminous slack or other bituminous mixture.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the
Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention the improvements in the
construction of coke ovens berein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making in the partition or side
walls of a series or group of ovens side flues, which side flues open at top
into the coke ovens, and at bottom into flues underneath the bottom of the
series or group of ovens, substantially in the manner described and illustrated,

page_text: whereby the sides of the said ovens are uniformly and intensely heated from
the waste heat of the ovens, and the heat from the said sides transmitted into
the interior of the batch of coke under operation, whether the said ovens be
employed for the manufacture of coke alone, or for the manufacture of coke
and combustible or lighting gas or coal oils.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Pardoe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
CHARLES PARDOE. (L.s.)