IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR DRAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF METAL
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Healey, Engineer, and John Foster and John
Lowe, Spindle Makers, all of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE
USED FOR DRAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF
METAL."
Sealed the 22nd April 1856, and dated the 24th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Healey, John
Foster, and John Lowe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th October 1855.
We, JOHN HEALEY, Engineer, and JOHN FOSTER and JOHN LOWE, Spindle
Makers, all of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO. BE
USED FOR DRAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING VARIOUS ARTICLES OF
METAL," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to improvements upon that arrange-
ment of rolls or rollers described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us,
numbered 2282, and dated the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred. and fifty-four; and it consists in the
employment of an arrangement of bell-mouthed tubes, as guides for the article
to be entered between the rolls or rollers, and, as stops, by which means.the
point to which the article is required to be entered may be regulated. This

page_text: part of our Invention also consists in arranging the rolls or rollers so that
they can be made to approach and recede from each other in operating
upon certain articles.
The second part of our Invention relates to hammers, or mechanism used for
giving blows in drawing, moulding, forming, forging, or swaging metals into
required shapes. It consists in lifting the hammer or ram by the adhesion
of contact of revolving pulleys or rollers which have a portion or portions of
their peripheries removed. The hammer or ram will be lifted by contact with
the unremoved portion of the peripheries of the pulleys or roller, and will descend
when the contact ceases by reason of the removed portion of the peripheries
of the revolving pulleys or rollers coming, opposite the hammer or ram, the
extent of the unremoved peripheries of the pulleys or rollers determining the
extent of the lift of the hammer or ram. This part of our Invention also
relates to arrangements for limiting the height to which the hammer or ram
may rise, when actuated in the manner above referred-to, which consists in
circumscribing that surface of the hammer or ram coming.in contact with the
pulleys or rollers in such manner that, the adhesion of their surfaces will
be inoperative when the hammer or ram has attained the height desired.
This part of our Invention also consists in the employment..of a. spring
or springs of peculiar construction and arrangement, to force down the
hammer or ram when lifted, namely, springs formed of a series of metallic
rods or plates combined together. This part of our Invention also consists in
arrangements for increasing or decreasing the action of the spring or springs
upon the hammer or ram, by which means the force of percussion can be
regulated, and it is accomplished by changing the position of the fulera or
points against which the spring acts. And, lastly, this part of our Inven-
tion consists in the combination of the several improvements herein-before
referred to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Healey, John Foster and John Lowe in the Great 3
Seal Patent Office on the 23rd April 1856.
• TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HEALEY, Engineer, and JOHN FOSTER and JOHN LOWE, Spindle Makers, all
of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe, Her especial licence
that we, the said John Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Healey, John
Foster, and John Lowe; our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR DRAWING, MOULDING, FORMING, AND FORGING VARIOUS
ARTICLES OF METAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Healey, John Foster, and John Lowe, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
.the date of the said Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Healey, John Foster, and John
Lowe, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is
to say):-
The first part of our Invention relates to improvements upon that
arrangement of rolls or rollers described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to us, numbered 2282, and dated the Twenty-sixth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four; and it
consists in the employment of an arrangement of bell-mouthed tubes as
guides for the article to be entered between the rolls or rollers, and as stops,
by which means the point to which the article is required to be entered may be
regulated..
i
The manner in which this part of our Invention is applied is shewn in the
Drawings by Figs. 1, 2, and 3; Fig. 2 being a front elevation, and Figs. 1
and 3 are the side elevations. The same letters and figures of reference denote
the same and corresponding parts in the Drawings:
:
a; side frames of the machine; a¹, cross stays; b, first motion shaft; b',
driving pulleys; 2, pinion on end of first motion shaft, gearing with a wheel
68 on lower roll c; c', wheels which geer the rolls (c) together. The bell-
mouthed tubes are made internally to the shape of the bar of metal to be

page_text: operated upon by the rolls, so as to allow the bar to be freely passed through
to the rolls; they may be placed on a fixing secured to the frame of the
machine, one opposite cach groove in the rolls. For certain taper articles
only one groove of the rolls is required, but the bar requires to be entered
further between them each time it is operated upon by them until completed.
This is accomplished by arranging the bell-mouthed tube so that it can be
moved to and from the rolls. The manner in which this is done by self-acting
means is shewn in the Figures berein-before referred to. d.are two brackets
attached to the sides of the machine; e, à cross pièce made to slide on ribs
between these brackets (d); this slide piece has an undercut slot passing
across it for the bolt heads, which secure the bell-mouthed tube (e') upon it.
is a shaft, having bearings in the brackets d, upon which arms e³ are fixed';
these arms (e) are connecteil to the slide e by rods e, which are jointed with
them, so that when the shaft is partly rotated, the slide e carrying the bell-
mouthed tube e¹ has a movement imparted to it to and from the rolls. On one
end of the shaft a grooved pulley is.secured, to which a band or chain is
fixed, having a weight e' attached; this weight is intended to cause the shaft c
(when at liberty) to rotate partly, till a finger es fixed to the pulley comes against
a stud'or pine in one of the brackets d. The adjustment of this finger es fixes
the point to which the slide e carrying the ball-mouthed tube is to be brought
back from the rolls. On the other end of the shaft a wheel f is secured,
having teeth formed in it partly round its circumference; on to this wheel a
catch works, which is jointed on an arm f, placed on the end of the shaft
; the catch f¹ has a tail piece, upon which acts a spring f, that is fixed on
the arm f, which is free on the shaft e to the oscillating movements which
are imparted to it by an excentric or crank pin f'; fixed on or in the axis of
one of the rolls c' through a connecting rod f, which at that end jointed to the
arm f* has a slot in it of such length as will allow play for the pin in the arm
equal to the movement required to advance the wheel fone tooth, the pin
in the arm f being kept at one end of the slot, when the arm f is at liberty,
by an india-rubber or other spring f attached to the pin in the arm f, and to
one on the connecting rod f5. Another catch f, which is mounted on a stud
in one of the brackets d, takes into the teeth in the wheel f, and this catch is
pressed upon the wheel by a spring fs attached. to 'the frame a. This catch
has a tail piece, upon which a pin acts in the wheel 3, causing it to lift out of
the teeth of the wheel ƒ for a moment, when the bell-mouthed tube e¹ is to be
advanced towards the rolls. Now, the catch f7 holds the wheel f, and thus the
bell-mouthed tube e¹ fixed, till the article is entered and acted on by the rolls,
and during this time the crank pin f* will have moved the connecting rod f

page_text: so that the pin in the arm f is at the opposite end of the slot to which it is
when-the-arm f is at liberty to move, the spring f then being charged, at
which time the pin in the wheel acts on the tail of the catch f', and lifts
it out of the teeth of the wheel f, leaving it free; at which moment the
spring will contract and bring the pin in the arm f' to the other end of the
slot in the connecting rod f, and by this action the wheel f will be advanced
one tooth; the catch f" will be caused by its spring fs, being then free from
the pin in the wheel (6), to enter in the next tooth of the wheel f, and hold
it till again released, as before; in the meantime the arm f2 makes its back
oscillation, its catch f¹ taking another tooth; these movements being repeated
each revolution.of the rolls till the bell-mouthed tube is advanced to the point
fixed upon, the last tooth in the wheel being made to correspond to this
position, and as at this point the catch f1 can no longer take hold of the wheel f,
its movement ceases. The bell-mouthed tube is brought back to its starting
point by the weight e', when both the catches f' and f' are lifted so as to
be clear of the wheel f. This is done by a plate g placed on the shaft e², upon
which it is free to rotate partly, the limit of rotation being determined by a
concentric slot formed in it, into which a pin takes that is secured in one of
the brackets d; this pin prevents the plate g from rotating beyond the length
of the concentric slot. On the edge of the plate g inclines are formed, which
act on pins in the sides of the catches f and f, and will cause them to be
lifted off or out of the teeth of the wheel f. when the plate is moved in one
direction, and allow them to enter the teeth again when moved in the opposite
direction; the movements are imparted to the plate by a handle g' attached
to it.
Fig. 4 shews a view of an instrument which may be advantageously
employed when operating upon certain small articles; it consists of a tube, into
which the bar or article to be operated upon by the rolls is fixed by a set
screw; one end of it is enlarged to give good hold for the hand. The article
to be operated upon is made to project from the tube or instrument to the
extent required, the end of it forming the stop when against the bell-mouthed
tube, which limits the length which the article is required to be entered
between the rolls. In operating with the rolls, the operator passes the bar or
article through the bell-mouthed tube, and causes its point to press against the
groove in the rolls, so that when the space is formed between the rolls it will
pass' between them till the stop on it rests against the bell-mouthed tube; the
rolls will then begin to operate and to force it back. If the article requires to
be repeatedly entered in the same groove, the operator still keeps a pressure
on the article towards the rolls, so that it may enter again when the space is

page_text: formed between them till it has been completely operated upon. If the article
operated upon is round, the operator should turn it slightly after each entry,
so that the rolls may operate upon it in different positions, and thus insure it
being made perfectly round.
This part of our Invention also consists in arrangements by which one of
the rolls can be made to approach and to recede from the other in operating
upon certain articles. This may be accomplished by screws or inclines made
to act upon the steps of the journals of the upper or lower rolls. The move-
ment of one roll from the other should not be so great as to affect materially
the working of the wheels which geer the rolls together; and when the lower
roll is the one that has the movement given to it, the pinion (2) giving rotatory
motion to it should be placed in the same horizontal plane as the axis of the
roll. When so arranged, a shaft may be placed in bearings in a vertical
position on each side frame, the upper end of each shaft having a screw thread
formed on it to screw into an internal thread formed in the step of the journal
of the roll. The lower end of each shaft may have a bevil wheel fixed on
it, and these wheels may geer with other bevil wheels on an horizontal shaft
fixed in bearings on the side frames, so that both screws may be simultaneously
rotated one way or the other to raise or lower the roll. Rotating motion may
be given to the horizontal shaft by a handle placed on the end of a shaft (con-
venient to the hand of the operator), which shaft may be geared to the
horizontal shaft by bevil wheels. This arrangement is shewn in dotted line
in Fig. 1.
"
The second part of our Invention relates to hammers, or mechanism to be used
for giving blows in drawing, moulding, forming, and forging, or swaging metals
into required shapes. It consists in lifting the hammer or ram by the adhesion
of contact of revolving pulleys or rollers, which have a portion or have portions
of their peripheries removed. The hammer or ram will be lifted by contact
with the unremoved portion of the peripheries of the pulleys or rollers, and
will descend when the contact ceases, by reason of the removed portion of the
periphery or peripheries of the revolving pulleys or rollers coming opposite
the hammer or ram, the extent of the unremoved peripheries determining the
extent of the lift of the hammer or ram.
This part of our Invention also relates to arrangements for limiting the
height to which the haminer or ram may, rise when actuated in the manner
above referred to, which consists in circumscribing that surface of the hammer
or rain coming in contact with the pulleys or rollers in such manner that the
adhesion of their surfaces will be inoperative when the hammer or ram has
attained the height desired.

page_text: This part of our Invention also consists in the employment of a. spring or
springs of peculiar construction and arrangement to force down or accelerate
the descent of the hammer or ram when lifted and free to descend.
This part of our Invention also consists in arrangements for increasing or
decreasing the action of the spring or springs upon the hammer or ram, by
which means the force of percussion can be regulated, and it is accomplished.
by changing the position of the fulcrum or fulcra point or points against which
the spring or springs react.
b
The form of the pulley's
And, lastly, this part of our Invention consists in the combination of the
several improvements herein-before referred to. The manner in which the
several improvements forming this part of our Invention are carried into
effect will be explained in describing Figs. 5 and 6 respectively, a front and:
side elevation of a machine in which they are combined. a, the frame in one
casting; b, pulleys on which the belt works that imparts motion to the
machine; cand care the pulleys or rollers that lift the ram or hammer;
they work in pedestals c³, secured on the top of the frame a. The driving
pulleys are placed on the end of a shaft forming the axis of the pulley or.
roller, c. d is the hammer or ram, which passes through a slot in a bracket a
(placed between the pillars of the frame a), that acts as a guide to keep it
steady; are springs (connected together by side rods e¹) that act on the
upper end of the hammer, or ram to force it down.
or rollers cand c', used in the machine shewn in Fig. 5 and 6, will be best
understood by reference to Fig. 7 and 8, where they are shewn in section;
these pulleys. lift, the hammer or ram d twice for each revolution. It will be
seen that the pulley c¹ is circular, but they may be both made like the pulley c
in shape; but in this case they will require geering together by equal wheels c³,
which is not necessary when one of the pulleys is circular, though in the latter
case they have more power when both are geered together, as they are sup-
posed to be in the machine represented by Fig. 5 and. 6. The pulleys c and.c¹
have flanges formed on their sides, which act as a guide to the upper end of
the ram d. The axis of the pulley c is fixed; the journals of the other pulley.
care placed in brasses or steps, which are arranged to slide a short space in.
their pedestals to and from the other pulley c, and screws are arranged to act
on the brasses or steps, that they may be forced towards the other pulley c, so
that the ram may be pinched between the surface of the pulley c and the
raised surface of the pulley c. One of the screws referred to is shewn in
Fig. 5, marked c. The screw in each pedestal has rotating motion imparted
to it by a worm wheel, loose on, a fixed key to allow of end movement in the
screw, the wheel being kept in position, and the screw supported by brackets

page_text: c', secured to the top of the frame a. The worm wheels c geer each with
worms on a shaft c', in bearings secured to the frame, which is revolved. by a
handle c; by this means a simultaneous parallel movement is given to both-
screws, and thus to both brasses or steps. By this handle the pulleys may be
made to operate upon the ram at pleasure. The arrangement for limiting the
height to which the hammer or ram may rise is formed in the manner shown
in. Fig. 7 and 8.
.
Before describing these Figures, we may explain that if that portion
of the ram acted upon by the pulleys c and c is made, of even thickness
it will have a uniform length of stroke in every position, that is, whether
the ram descends or not to the same point at each stroke; and should it
not descend after each stroke, it would be. lifted by the continued action of
the pulleys out of.its guides; therefore, to limit the height of its rise, the
surface on which the pulleys c and c' act is made to end at the point where
the ram has attained the height required. This is accomplished by forming a
notch in the ram at that side acted upon by the circular pulley c¹ (as shewn
in Fig. 7) when this point gets opposite the centre of the pulleys c and c¹
they will not be able to lift the ram¸higher.. Fig. 8 shews another method of
accomplishing this, so as to vary the position of the surface on which the
circular pulley acts; and in such manner as to shorten the length of the stroke
of the ram, or make the stroke cease altogether when required. This method
consists in a piece fitted loosely on the ram, to which one end of a spring is
attached, the other end being secured to the frame of the machine. This
spring has sufficient strength to pull down the piece when at liberty to a stop,
should it not descend by its own weight. If this stop is made, adjustable to
different heights, the surface or piece acted against by the circular. pulley c
will be made higher or lower at pleasure. In Fig. 8, f is the piece fitted
loosely to the ram d, which on the descent of the ram is brought down by a
spring ftill a pin fin the piece f rests against the end of a lever f, which
acts as the adjustable stop. This lever f³ has its fulcrum f on a bracket f5,
secured to the frame of the machine. On a stud in the end of it, a catch g
is placed, upon which a spring g is made to act to force it into the teeth of
a segment g', attached to the frame of the machine, so as to hold the lever f
in whatever position it may be placed. On the same stud as the catch ga
handle g is placed, so as to rotate to a small extent on the stud; but at one
end of its arc of rotation it is made to take with it the catch g, and withdraw
it from the teeth of the segment, so that when the position of the lever f
requires changing, the operator has only to take hold of the handle g and
turn it slightly.to one side to disengage the catch g, then, keeping the handle

page_text: in that position, to move the lever f³ by it to the point required; then turn
the handle g² in the opposite direction to allow the spring to force" the
catch g again into the teeth of the segmental piece 9'. It will now be under-
stood when the piece f is lifted to the position shewn in dotted line that the
pulley and c will not be able to operate upon it, and the ram d will con-
sequently remain stationary.
Another method of changing the position of the surface acted upon by the
pulleys, that is, moving the piece f, consists in a screw fixed in a slot formed
vertically in the ram d, which screw is made to pass through a part forming a
nut that is attached to the piece f, so that by revolving this screw the peice
may be raised or lowered. This may be accomplished by means of a spur wheel
fixed on the screw, the teeth projecting a little beyond the side of the ram, this
spur wheel being made to geer with a spur wheel (which is fixed on the frame)
equal in breadth to the length of the stroke of the'ram. When so arranged,
the teeth of the wheel'on the screw will by the motion of the ram work up and
down in the teeth of the broad spur wheel, and will thus always be in geer with
it in every position of the ram. The broad spur wheel may be conveniently
rotated by a pair of bevil wheels, one on its axis, the other on a short shaft, in
suitable bearings, having a handle upon it. It will be seen that a combination
of two bow springs e (of steel) are employed in the machine represented by
Fig. 5 and 6. The ends of the springs are jointed to links e³, so as to permit
outward and inward movement of their ends when in action. The links are
also jointed to parts e', which are secured to the rods e', that form the con-
nection between the two springs. The rods el are connected to the lower
spring in such manner as will permit them to be revolved. The upper end of
the connecting rods pass through guides formed in or fixed to the top of the
frame, and they screw into the parts e", to which the links e' are jointed. Squares
are formed on the upper end of the connecting rods, by which they may be
revolved to screw them in or out of the parts e, and by this means they are
adjusted and are secured in the adjusted position by lock nuts that screw against
the parts The upper spring is not attached to the ram d, but simply bears
against it. It will be seen that the lower spring is placed in guides forined by
a bracket h, descending from the under side of the table of the frame, the
spring being attached to a screw h', which screws through an internal threadl
formed in the boss of a bevil wheel h², the boss bearing against the under side
of the bracket h, forming the guide to the spring. This bevil wheel geers with
another fixed on a shaft h³, having bearings in a bracket h fixed to the frame,
and in that bracket (h) forming the guide for the spring. This shaft h³ has a
handle h upon its end, by which the bevil wheel h² (through which the screw

page_text: h' passes) is revolved, which will draw down or raise the centre part of the
spring, and thus increase or diminish the force of the springs.
Fig. 7 shews another. arrangement of springs formed by a series of steel
rods e, which are fixed at one end in a bracket k secured to the frame, the other
end acting against the upper end of the ram d, while the fulcrum or point of
reaction is formed by a part k', that is arranged to grip a rib formed on the
frame, so as to slide backward and forward upon it, being held in position or
moved backward or forward upon it by a screw k², which screws through an
internal thread formed in the part k', the bearing for the journal part of the
screw being formed in the bracket k. By revolving this screw k³ by the wheel
in one direction, the part k' will be slided along the rib and spring (on which
it is free to move) towards the pulleys c and c', the action or force of the spring c
will be increased, and by revolving it the reverse way, consequently moving the
part in the opposite direction, it will be diminished.
The machine represented by Fig. 5 and 6 is arranged for swaging purposes.
is the block or anvil, upon which is fixed the swage box l', containing the
swages The block slides upon the top of the base part of the frame,
being kept in a central position by projections at the under side of the block
that fit into a slot formed in the top of the base part of the frame a. The
under side of the block has a toothed rack fixed to it, with which gears a
pinion on a shaft , secured in bearings formed in the frame a. The end
of this shaft at the front of the machine has a handle l''fixed to it, by partly
rotating which the block is moved to one side or the other, so as to bring the
head of that swage required under the ram. For general forging.purposes
the swage box and block is removed, and a suitable anvil is substituted. The
⚫lower end of. the ram is made broad to slide in side guides, and has formed
-on the lower side, of it. a dovetailed recess to secure to it such faces as the
work may require.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
modes of carrying it into effect, and wish it to be understood that we claim,
Firstly, as relates to such rolls or rollers for forming articles of metal,
.referred to in the first part of our Invention, the arrangement of mechanism
described as the first part of our Invention, acting as guides and stops to the
bar, or article to be entered between the rolls, and the mode of actuating the
same..
And we also claim the arrangements described as the first part of our
.Invention, by which one of the rolls can be made to approach and to rece.ie
from the other in operating upon certain articles.
:
And as relates to the second part of our Invention, we claim the mode of

page_text: lifting or actuating hammers or rams by the adhesion of contact of revolving
pulleys or rollers, having a portion or portions of their peripheries removed, as
described in the second part of our Invention.
We claim also the arrangements for limiting the height to which the ram or
hammer may rise, or for modifying the length of the stroke when actuated by
pulleys or rollers, having a portion or portions of their peripheries removed, as
hercin-before described as the second part of our Invention.
We claim also the construction and arrangement of springs for acting upon
rams or hammers, shewn in the Drawings, and herein-before described in the
second part of our Invention.
We claim also the mode of increasing or decreasing the action of the spring
or springs on the ram or hammer, so as to regulate the force of percussion,
herein-before described in the second part of our Invention.
And, lastly, we claim as our Invention the combination of the several
improvements in one machine, as described in the second part of our Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Healey, on my own behalf, and on
behalf of the said John Foster and John Lowe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JOHN HEALEY. (L.S.)