Improvements in Horse Hoes and other similar Agricultural Implements.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb, 1893:
Complete Specification Left. 31st May, 1893—Accepted, 1st July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horse Hoes and other similar Agricultural
Implements.
I CRISPUS COTTIS of The Archimedean Iron Works, Epping, in the County of
Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in horse hoes and other agricultural
implements having tines and hoe points such as drag harrows and scarifiers.
The invention relates, first, to improvements in expanding horse hoes such as
that for which former Letters Patent were granted dated November 30th 1877,
No. 4511, and has for its object to enable the implement to be made lighter and
stronger and to fold up more compactly and be more easily expanded and contracted.
To this end the side arms of the expanding frame are pivoted to a common centre
instead of upon separate pivots and they are operated by a shaft mounted in the
main centre frame provided with pinions or cog wheels which gear with both of two
curved rack bars bolted to the side arms the arrangement being such that the
rack bars are moved simultaneously and equally in opposite directions. These side
bars terminate at their outer ends in an annular head in which the stalk of a hoe
is secured with the same facility of adjustment to suit the degree of expansion of
the hoe frame as in the previous Patent aforesaid and this head may have a curved
portion for attachment of a supporting wheel.
In the said previous Patent the position of the two forward hoes upon the side
bars was determined by the bends made in such bars and no provision was made
for adjusting the position of the hoes along the side bars. The present invention
has for its object to enable this to be done and at same time allow of the adjustment
about a vertical axis as provided by the semicircular bends described in my previous
Patent. To this end the side bars are made straight and of I-section or such other
section as to admit of sliding brackets being clamped thereon in any desired
position. These sliding brackets are curved in plan and adapted to admit of the
stalk being secured to the bracket by a bridle piece through which the stalk passes
and which is secured to the bracket.
The invention has also for its object to enable the machine to be adapted for use
either for heavy or light work, by the application of shares or points of various
forms according to requirements. The tines are made of steel of channelled or
V-section and curved about the centre to give the proper pitch to the hoe,
the end portions being straight so that the tines are reversible end for end when
required.
My invention also comprises special means of securing the hoe point or share
to the tine or stalk. For this purpose the end of the latter is cut at an acute angle
and fits in a dovetail groove or recess on the upper side of the share in which it is
secured by a screw-bolt having a lug at the end which engages in a hole in the
share while the other end passes through a cross-plate fitting in the hollow of the
channelled tine, or stalk, and is tightened up by a nut which being also situated
within the hollow of the stalk is not liable to be damaged but can be readily
slackened to enable the share to be removed and replaced by another. The other
end of the stalk is not cut off at an acute angle and the share or point is secured
by a screw-bolt passing through a hole in the stalk.
Dated thin 15th dow of Fahan 1002

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horse Hoes and other similar Agricultural
Implements.
I CRISPUS COTTIS, of The Archimedean Iron Works, Epping, in the County
of Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in horse hoes and other agricultural
implements similarly furnished with tines and hoe points, such as drag harrows,
scarifiers, and drill grubbers.
The invention relates principally to what are known as expanding horse hoes
(such as that for which former Letters Patent were granted dated the 30th day of
November 1877, No. 4511) in which the side bars of the implement are pivoted so
as to be capable of adjustment laterally, to suit the width of the rows between
which the tines are to act, and the improvements have for their object to enable
the implement to be made lighter and stronger, to be more easily expanded and
contracted, and to fold up more compactly, and to enable the stalks of the tines,
or hoes to be adjusted along the side bars and also about their own vertical
axis to keep the tines forwardly directed whatever the degree of expansion of the
frame.
The invention has also for object to provide special means of securing the hoe
point or share to the tine or stalk, and to enable the machine to be adapted for use
either for heavy or light work, by the application of points or shares of various
forms, according to requirements.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein
Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 a plan of a horse hoe provided with
my improvements.
The following figures are detail views drawn to a larger scale,
Figure 3 being a cross-section on line 1-1 Figure 2;
Figure 4 a cross-section on line 2-2 Figure 2;
Figure 5 a cross-section on line 3-3 Figure 1;.
Figure 6 a section on line 4-4 Figure 2;
Figure 7 a horizontal section on line 5-5 Figure 6 ;
Figures 8, 9, 10 represent a modification of the means of adjustably attaching
the tines to the frame;
Figure 11 is a vertical longitudinal section through the hoe point and its
attachment to the stalk.
The same letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.
A is the main beam and B B' the expanding side arms of the frame pivoted
to A upon a common centre C (instead of on separate centres as usual) for which
purpose the arms B B' terminate in discs bb' embracing respectively the top and
bottom of the main beam A, the joint pin passing through the latter or between
the two members of which said beam is composed, as shewn in Figure 5. The
expanding arms B B' are operated simultaneously by a pinion D on a vertical
hand wheel shaft, the pinion turning between the members of the beam A and
gearing with both of two rack bars E, E', respectively bolted to the side bars B, B³,
and passing the one B above and the other B beneath the main beam A. Each
rack bar is slotted to give passage. to the pinion D and curved to a radius, struck
from the joint C, the rack teeth of the two bars. E, E', being at one side of the
one and at the other side of the other slot, so as. to engage with opposite sides
of the pinion D which is retained in position by passing through the slots of the
rack bars and main beam. A and by flanges d'at top and bottom, embracing the
rack bars E E. By this means the side bars B. B₁ are moved equally and
simultaneously in opposite directions. Each side bar B B¹ is of I-section and

page_text: terminates in an annular bracket F and similar annular brackets F' are bolted to
the side bars at suitable positions, several bolt-holes being provided to enable the
positions to be varied if required. The brackets F' are represented as bolted to
the inner sides of the side bars but they may be bolted to the outer sides thereof,
which will admit of the side bars B B being' folded close alongside of the main
beam A. In each bracket For F¹ the stalk G of a hoe or tine is secured by a
bridle piece H adapted to embrace the upper and under sides of the bracket F,
said bridle piece having apertures in its upper and lower members corresponding
in form to the section of the stalk G and being secured by a set-screw h whereby
the stalk G is held tightly against the bracket which being circular in plan admits
of the stalk being readily adjusted therein about its vertical axis by merely
slacking the set-screw, so that the hoe-points may be forwardly directed in lines
parallel to the main beam A to whatever extent the side bars B, B¹, may be
expanded.
In Figures 8, 9, 10, which represent a vertical section, front elevation, and
horizontal section, respectively, the annular brackets F bolted to the bars B, B¹, as
above described are replaced by semi-circular horn-shaped brackets each composed
of two members F2 provided with lugs fadapted to embrace the top and bottom
flanges of the side bars B, B', upon which the two members are clamped by
bolts,, the latter traversing a tubular distance piece f* so that by slacking
the bolts the bracket may be adjusted to any position along the bar of the frame.
The two members F have inwardly and oppositely directed flanges f* around their
front semicircular edges against which bears an abutment block h¹ through which
passes the screw shank of the bridle piece H' and against which the nut on said
shank bears. The bridle piece H₁ is a single loop corresponding in form to the
section of the stalk G and passing freely between the top and bottom members F'
of the bracket so that the stalk & may be adjusted about its own vertical axis by
moving it along the semicircularly-curved edges of the members F' and secured in
the desired position by tightening the nut ².
The stalks G are made of steel of channelled V-section and are curved at the
middle portion only, for about a third of their length, to give the proper
downward pitch to the hoe point, the end portions of the stalk being straight so
that either end may be fixed in the bridle piece and socket above described. To
the one end the hoe point or share I is detachably secured. For this purpose the
end g of the stalk is cut at an acute angle and, owing to its V-section and the angle
at which it is cut, it is adapted to fit in a dovetailed or undercut and wedge shaped
groove or recess formed on the upper surface of the hoe point between lugs or
bosses cast thereon, the stalk being wedged tightly in its groove by a screw-bolt J
(Figure 11) having a hooked end j, engaging in a hole in the hoe point or share,
the other end of the bolt passing through a hole in an abutment k cast or otherwise
fixed in the channel of the tine or stalk and tightened up by a nut which being
thus situated is not liable to injury and is readily accessible. The other end g¹ of
the stalk is solid as shown in Figure 6, and is pierced with a fore and aft hole gand
with two transverse holes g* the former for bolting a hoe blade of the American
pattern and the latter for bolting a side hoe blade to the stalk, in which case
the blade I is removed and the stalk reversed end for end in its holding socket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1. In an expanding horse-hoe or similar implement of the kind specified, the
combination, with the expanding side bars or wings pivoted on a common centre on
the main beam, of curved and slotted rack bars fixed thereto and lying in different
planes the one above and the other below the main central beam, and of a pinion
passing through the main beam and through the slots of both rack bars and gearing
with both so as to move them simultaneously and equally in opposite directions, as
specified.

page_text: 2. In an expanding horse-hoe or similar implement as specified, the combination,
with the expanding wings or side bars, of annular brackets fixed thereto, and of
bridle pieces adapted to embrace the annular brackets and having eyes to receive
the stalks and set screws for binding the stalks against the brackets with facility
for circular adjustment, as specified.
3. In a horse-hoe or similar implement, a hoe stalk or tine curved at the middle
and straight at the ends so as to be reversible end for end in combination with a
bridle piece adapted to embrace it and an annular socket to which the bridle piece
is secured by a set screw, as and for the purpose specified.
4. In a horse hoe or similar implement, the means of securing the hoe point or
share to the stalk of V-form in section, which consists in the acute end of the stalk
fitting as a wedge-shape dovetail into a corresponding socket in the share, in com-
bination with a screw-bolt detachably connected by a hook to the share and a nut
bearing against an abutment in the hollow of the stalk, substantially as specified.
Dated this 30th day of May 1893.
C. COTTIS,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
1
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
C. CUTTIS,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.