and of Blocks to be Employed in Wheel Moulding Machines, which Improvements are also Applicable to Machinery or Apparatus for other similar Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: and of Blocks to be Employed in Wheel Moulding Machines,
which Improvements are also Applicable to Machinery or
Apparatus for other similar Purposes.
We EDWARD SHIPPEY of 15 Cooper Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Gentleman and THOMAS O'MAHER of 51 Egerton Street, Hulme,
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Foreman do hereby declare the nature
of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
SHAPING OR FORMING THE TEETH OF WHEELS AND OF PATTERNS FOR WHEELS AND
OF BLOCKS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WHEEL MOULDING MACHINES WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES, to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to machinery or apparatus used for cutting shaping or
forming the teeth of wheels and of patterns for wheels and of blocks to be
employed in wheel-moulding machines and consists in arrangements by the
employment of which we are enabled to cut shape or form the teeth of bevel
and other similar wheels and of patterns for bevel and other similar wheels and
of blocks to be employed in wheel moulding machines with greater facility and
accuracy than heretofore.
In carrying our invention into effect we employ two or more cutters secured to
spindles capable of being rotated by means of pulleys mounted upon the said
spindles within brackets each of which brackets is capable of being caused to
recede from or approach the other of such brackets by being caused to slide longi-
tudinally in guides by means of a shaft formed or provided with right hand and
left hand screws. The guides above referred to are formed upon a part capable of
being slidden longitudinally by means of a hand wheel and toothed pinion and
toothed rack in guides formed upon a plate or frame which is supported by
standards so as to be capable of being turned into and secured in any required
position and the said standards are secured to a carriage capable of being traversed
longitudinally upon the bed of the machine. We provide the shaft above mentioned

page_text: with a toothed pinion the teeth of which toothed pinion take into the teeth of a
toothed rack secured to the plate or frame above mentioned. The blank or wheel
or pattern or block of which the teeth are to be cut shaped or formed is mounted
upon a mandrel provided with any dividing arrangement used for setting out the
teeth of wheels. When it is desired to cut shape or form the teeth of a bevel or
other similar wheel or of a pattern or block for a bevel or other similar wheel the
plate or frame above mentioned and the slides and parts carried thereby are turned
upon the standards above mentioned until the said plate or frame and the slides and
parts carried thereby are in such position that when the cutters above referred to
are traversed by means of the hand wheel above mentioned the said cutters will be
traversed in the directions suitable for producing teeth of the form desired. The
part above referred to capable of being slidden in the guides upon the plate or
frame above mentioned by means of the hand wheel above referred to will when
being slidden by means of the toothed rack and toothed pinion above mentioned
cause the cutters above referred to to approach towards or recede from each other
while operating upon the blank, wheel, pattern or block to be operated upon. By
employing change wheels having a greater or less number of teeth upon the shaft
above mentioned, the cutters previously referred to may be caused to approach
towards or recede from each other in a greater or less degree as may be requisite
for cutting shaping or forming the teeth of bevel or other similar wheels or of
patterns or blocks for bevel or other similar wheels.
In order to enable change wheels having a greater or less number of teeth to be
employed we provide the rack aforesaid which is attached to the plate or frame
above mentioned with slots and screws by which it may be adjusted for use with
change wheels having a greater or less number of teeth-In order that the
apparatus above described may be employed for cutting shaping or forming the
teeth of skew or other similar wheels the part supporting the slide above men-
tioned is secured upon the plate or frame by which it is carried by means of bolts
and circular slots or grooves which enable the said slide to be placed in a position
suitable for cutting shaping or forming the teeth of skew or other similar wheels.
The apparatus above described may be used either for cutting shaping or
forming the teeth of patterns to be subsequently cast in metal or for cutting
shaping or forming the teeth of mortice wheels or for cutting shaping or forming
the teeth of blocks to be employed in wheel moulding machines the cutters
employed being of the form and construction best adapted to the material to be
operated upon and being rotated at a speed adapted to the material to be operated
upon.
We have above referred to the improvements above described as being used in
machinery or apparatus for cutting shaping or forming the teeth of wheels of
patterns for wheels and of blocks to be employed in wheel moulding machines but
we would have it understood that such improvements may be also employed in
machinery or apparatus for other similar purposes.
1
11 1

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Cutting, Shaping,
or Forming the Teeth of Wheels and of Patterns for Wheels,
and of Blocks to be Employed in Wheel-moulding-machines,
Apparatus for other similar rurposes.
}
We EDWARD SHIPPEY of 15 Cooper Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Gentleman and THOMAS O'MAHER of 51 Egerton Street, Hulme,
Manchester in the county of Lancaster Foreman do hereby declare the nature of
our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
SHAPING OR FORMING THE TEETH OF WHEELS AND OF PATTERNS FOR WHEELS
AND OF BLOCKS TO BE EMPLOYED IN WHEEL-MOULDING-MACHINES WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to machinery or apparatus used for cutting shaping or
forming the teeth of wheels and of patterns for wheels and of blocks to be
employed in wheel-moulding-machines and consists in arrangements by the
employment of which we are enabled to cut shape or form the teeth of bevel and
other similar wheels and of patterns for bevel and other similar wheels and of
blocks to be employed in wheel moulding machines with greater ease and accuracy
than heretofore.
In carrying our invention into effect we employ two or more cutters secured to
spindles capable of being rotated by means of pulleys mounted upon the said
spindles, within brackets each of which is capable of being caused to recede from
or approach the other of such brackets by being caused to slide longitudinally in
guides by means of a shaft formed or provided with right and left hand screws-
The guides above referred to are forined upon a part capable of being slidden
longitudinally by means of a hand-wheel and toothed pinion and toothed rack in
guides, formed upon a plate or frame which is supported by standards so as to be
capable of being turned into and secured in any required position and the said
standards are secured to a carriage capable of being traversed longitudinally upon
the bed of the machine-We provide the shaft above mentioned with a toothed
pinion the teeth of which toothed pinion take into the teeth of a toothed rack
secured to the plate or frame above mentioned.
Our invention of improvements in machinery or apparatus for cutting shaping
or forming the teeth of wheels and of patterns for wheels and of blocks to be
employed in wheel-moulding-machines which improvements are also applicable to

page_text: and
machinery or apparatus for other similar purposes and a manner in which the same
may be carried into effect are illustrated by the drawings hereunto annexed in
which drawings Fig. 1 is a side view and Fig. 2 a front view of so much of a
machine for cutting forming or shaping the teeth of wheels and for other similar
purposes as is necessary to illustrate our invention and the manner in which the
same may be carried into effect. Fig. 3 is a view of a detached portion upon an
enlarged scale. Fig. 4 is a side view of the machine when arranged for a certain
purpose The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts through-
out the whole series of figures. a is the bed of the machine, which bed a is
provided with a spindle b and dividing-wheel c actuated by means of the handle d
in the manner ordinarily employed in wheel-cutting-machines-To the spindle b is
secured an arm e which supports the object A to be operated upon-The arm e
may be adjusted longitudinally by means of the handle f screw g and nut h so as
to place the object A to be operated upon at the desired distance from the axis of
the spindle b as is usual in wheel-cutting-machines-Upon the bed a we mount a
carriage which is capable of being slidden longitudinally upon the bed a and of
being secured to the bed a in any desired position by means of the bolts
nuts Mounted upon the carriage j are standards . which support a plate or
frame m which is capable of being turned upon the standards l. land of being
secured thereto by means of bolts n which are provided with nuts n¹-In order
that we may readily turn the plate or frame m upon the standards 1. l¹ we provide
the plate or frame m with a worm wheel o into which gears a worm p which is
carried by bearings q secured to the standard and is provided with a hand-
wheel p-Carried by the plate or frame m is a plater which is capable of being
turned upon the plate or frame m―The plate r is kept in a central position upon
the plate or frame m by means of a projecting part m¹ formed upon the plate or
frame m which projecting part m¹ passes into a recess formed in the boss ¹ formed
upon the plate -The plate r is secured to the plate or frame m by means of
bolts 8 and nuts &¹ the heads of which bolts & pass into a circular groove m² formed
in the plate or frame m- -Secured to the plater are V-guides 2 capable of being
slidden longitudinally between which V-guides 3 is a slide t. u is a shaft
supported in bearings u¹ carried by the plate -Fast upon the shaft u is a
pinion the teeth of which pinion v take into the teeth of a rack w mounted fast
in the slide t-Fast upon the shaft u is a hand-wheel u³ Upon the slide t are
V-guidest capable of being slidden between which V-guides t¹t are brackets
x. y. 2 is a spindle capable of being rotated in the bracket x-The spindle
prevented from moving longitudinally in the bracket x by the enlarged end z¹ of
the spindle and the boss of the wheel 23 secured upon the spindle z-Through
the end ¹ of the spindle is formed a mortice in which mortice a cutter 1 of any
suitable form may be secured by set-screws 2. 3 is a spindle which spindle 3 is
capable of being rotated in the bracket y and is prevented from moving longi-
tudinally in the bracket y by the enlarged end 3 of the spindle 3 and the boss of
a wheel 3b fast upon the spindle 3-Through the end 3 of the spindle 3 is formed
a mortice in which mortice a cutter 4 of any suitable form may be secured by set-
screws 5-The spindles 2, 3 receive rotary motion from a shaft 6 by means of
bands 7. 8 respectively which bands 7. 8 are kept at a desired state of tension in
any suitable manner The cutter 1 is employed to form one side of the tooth of a
toothed wheel and the cutter 4 is employed to form the other side of the said tooth.
Fig. 3 of the drawings hereunto annexed is a horizontal section on an enlarged
scale taken partly on or about the line B. C. of Fig. 2-and partly on or about the
line B C¹ of Fig. 2. 9 is a shaft capable of being rotated in a bearing to formed
upon the slide t and prevented from moving longitudinally by means of collars
9a 9b secured to the shaft 9 and abutting against the ends of the bearing t-Upon
the shaft 9 we form a right-hand screw 10 and a left-hand screw 11-The screw 10
takes into the threads of a nut 12 secured to the bracket y and the screw 11 takes
into the threads of a nut 13 secured to the bracket x-14 is a toothed rack pro-
is

page_text: "
vided with projecting parts 14ª 14º by means of which projecting parts 14ª 14º and
the bolts 15 and nuts 15ª the rack 14 is secured to a flange formed on tlie
plate The teeth of the rack 14 engage with the teeth of a toothed pinion 16
mounted upon the end 9° of the shaft 9 which is provided with a key or feather
which key or feather passes into a groove or "key-way" formed in the toothed
pinion 16. In practice it will be found convenient to form the end 9° of the
shaft 9 of such diameter that the "change-wheels" employed in conjunction with
the dividing wheel c may be placed upon the end 9° of the shaft 9 so that fewer
change wheels" than would be otherwise required will be sufficient-When the
parts of the machine are in the positions in which they are shown in the drawing
the ends 3 of the spindles z. 3 respectively are in contact with each other
but if the hand wheel ua be turned in the direction indicated by the arrow D the
toothed pinion v will act upon the rack w and cause the slide t and brackets x. y
to move in the direction indicated by the arrow E and thus cause the shaft 9 and
the toothed pinion 16 to turn in the direction indicated by the arrow F-The
moving of the toothed pinion 16 in the direction indicated by the arrow E will
cause such toothed pinion 16 and the shaft 9 to be rotated by the fixed toothed
rack 14. Such rotation of the shaft 9 will by means of the screws 10. 11 and
nuts 12. 13 cause the brackets y. x with the spindles 3. respectively carried
thereby to be moved away from each other while being also moved in the direction
indicated by the arrow E-If after being turned in the direction indicated by the
arrow D the hand wheel u³ is turned in a direction opposite to that indicated by
the arrow D the slide t will be caused to move in a direction opposite to that
indicated by the arrow E. Such movement of the slide t will cause the toothed
pinion 16 to be turned in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow F and
will by means of the shaft 9 screws 10. 11 and nuts 12. 13 cause the brackets y. x
with the spindles 3. z respectively carried by such brackets y. x to approach each
other-The screws 10. 11 being of equal pitch the rotation of the shaft 9 in the
direction indicated by the arrow F will cause the spindle and the spindle 3 to be
moved away from the line G. H at an equal rate and the rotation of the shaft 9 in
a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow F will cause the spindles and
the spindle 3 to approach the line G. H at an equal rate.
When it is desired to employ the machine above described to cut form or shape
the teeth of a bevel wheel or the teeth of a pattern for a bevel wheel or the teeth
of a block to be employed in moulding a bevel wheel, the machine must be
arranged as shown in Fig. 4 the cutters 1, 4 must be arranged at such distance
from the axis of the spindle b as is necessary to form a wheel of the required
diameter and the plate or frame m must be placed in such position that the slide t
will cause the cutters 1. 4 to move in a path at such angle to the axis of the
spindle b as is necessary for the production of teeth of the required form and the
degree in which the tooth to be formed tapers. in the direction of its length having
been ascertained by measurement or calculation or in any other convenient manner
a toothed pinion 16 having such number of teeth that the movement of the slide t
in moving the cutters 1, 4 along the length of the tooth will give the required
degree of taper to the said tooth, must be prepared to be in readiness for being
placed upon the end 9° of the shaft 9 and in gear with the rack 14-The
cutters 1. 4 must then be so adjusted in distance from each other that they will
form a tooth of the desired width-This adjustment is accomplished by turning
the shaft 9 the end 9d of which shaft 9 is formed square to receive a handle and
when the cutters 1. 4 have been adjusted to the position desired the toothed
pinion 16 is placed upon the end 9° of the shaft 9 and the rack 14 is so adjusted
that its teeth will engage with the teeth of the toothed pinion 16 and the rack 14
is secured in position by means of the bolts 15 and nuts 15-If at any time while
the wheel or tooth or block is being cut it becomes necessary to adjust the
cutters 1. 4 in position the toothed pinion 16 is drawn along the key or feather on
the part 9° of the shaft 9 until its teeth are free from the teeth of the rack 14

page_text: when the shaft 9 may be turned to adjust the cutters 1. 4 into the position
required and the toothed pinion 16 again placed so that its teeth will again engage
with those of the toothed rack 14.
If it be found that the use of one pair of cutters 1. 4 does not form or shape
the teeth cut with sufficient accuracy two or more pairs of cutters may be
employed.
When the machine above described is to be employed for cutting shaping or
forming the teeth of spur-mortice-wheels patterns of spur wheels, and blocks to be
employed in moulding spur-wheels the toothed pinion 16 is not employed, or a
toothed pinion 16 suitable for giving to the teeth formed the slight taper usually
given to the teeth of patterns for spur-wheels or blocks to be employed for moulding
spur-wheels may be employed.
The cutters 1. 4 may be so adjusted in distance from each other that they will
produce a tooth of the required thickness-One pair of cutters is thus enabled to
be employed to form teeth of a variety of sizes and of a variety of pitches.
Although we have shown and described the cutters 1. 4 as being employed to
cut form or shape the teeth of the wheel or the pattern for a wheel or the "block"
upon which such cutters 1. 4 are caused to operate we would have it understood
that cutters may if desired be employed to cut form or shape the spaces between
the teeth of the wheel or the pattern for a wheel or of the block on which the said
cutters are caused to operate.
We have hitherto only described our invention as being applied to machines for
cutting shaping or forming the teeth of wheels, of patterns for wheels and of
blocks to be employed in wheel moulding machines but it will be readily
understood by persons conversant with wheel-cutting-machines and we would have
it understood that our invention may also be applied to machinery or apparatus
for other similar purposes.
Although we have above referred to the brackets x. y as carrying revolving
cutters for operating upon the object to be operated upon we would have it
understood that cutters that do not revolve, or other suitable apparatus may be
employed to operate upon the material to be operated upon.
We would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the use of our
invention precisely as herein before described as the method in which our invention
is carried into effect may be somewhat varied without departure from the principles
of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
==
1. For use in machinery or apparatus for cutting shaping or forming the teeth of
wheels and of patterns for wheels and of blocks to be employed in wheel-moulding-
machines and for other similar purposes the arrangements hereinbefore described
by which the cutters or other corresponding parts of such machinery or apparatus
are caused when required to approach or recede from each other as required while
being moved over the surface of the object operated upon, which arrangements
consist in the brackets x. y nuts 13. 12 slides t provided with V-guides t¹t shaft 9
provided with right-hand and left-band screws 10. 11 the toothed pinion 16 and
toothed rack 14 all arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described
in reference to and shown in and by the drawings hereunto annexed.
2. For use in machinery or apparatus for cutting, shaping or forming the teeth
of wheels and of patterns for wheels and of blocks to be employed in wheel-
moulding-machines and for other similar purposes the brackets x. y. mounted upon
the V-guides t¹ t2 so as to be capable of being slidden longitudinally thereon
and constructed arranged and operating for the purposes and substantially as
herein before described in reference to and shewn in and by the drawings hereunto
annexed.

page_text: 3. For use in machinery or apparatus for cutting, shaping or forming the teeth
of wheels, and of patterns for wheels and of blocks to be employed in wheel-
moulding-machines and for other similar purposes the shaft 9 provided with right-
hand and left-hand screws 10. 11 and toothed pinion 16 and acting in conjunction
with the toothed rack 14 and constructed arranged and operating for the purposes
and substantially as herein before described in reference to and shown in and by
the drawings hereunto annexed.