Improvements in the Manufacture of Solid, Inlaid, Plain, and Embossed Linoleum, and similar Composition Tiles, for Covering Floors, Walls, and other Surfaces; also Letters, Figuras and Charantere and in Machiname to ha
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Solid, Inlaid, Plain, and
Embossed Linoleum, and similar Composition Tiles, for
Covering Floors, Walls, and other Surfaces; also Letters,
Figuras and Charantere and in Machiname to ha Tand in
I JOSEPH HANDS of 61 Norfolk Road Dalston in the County of Middlesex.
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of iny Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOLID INLAID PLAIN AND EMBOSSED LINOLEUM AND SIMILAR
COMPOSITION TILES FOR COVERING FLOORS, WALLS, AND OTHER SURFACES, ALSO
LETTERS, FIGURES AND CHARACTERS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE
SAID MANUFacture to be as follows:-
Linoleum and similar compositions are the most suitable materials for manu-
facture according to my invention.
The material is first rolled into sheets, with or without a backing preferably of
paper, in various colors as may be required; and is cut, or punched out, and
embossed as required, by the machinery which I bereinafter describe. In some
cases the parts or pieces are consolidated with or without a backing by combined
heat and pressure.
The cutters and embossing dies which I use are constructed as follows. The bed
of the machine has fixed on to it pieces of steel or other suitable material shaped
and fitted to suit the inside of the cutter. The said cutter works outside the
embossing die, so that when descending the material is first cut, and then
embossed by the embossing die either ou a part, or the whole of the face of the
piece which has been cut. The cutter and die are actuated by cams, or other
suitable mechanism so that the cutter rises clear of the material before the die
ascends thus liberating the material from the cutter. The die now rises and the
operation is repeated. Sometimes I cause the embossing die to descend first, and
emboss, and afterwards cut as before described.
The parts to be embossed I previously insert in the piece cut by the cutter:
these parts are of a greater thickness than the piece that receives them; so that,
after embossing they will be in relief. The thickness before mentioned may be
varied to produce any relief desired; and the parts embossed may be in any

page_text: desired color; also the piece which has been cut may be in various colors. When
the embossed parts are required to be sunk below the general surface the said parts
must be of less thickness.
I also construct letters for facias, coats of arms, and trade symbols in a similar
manner that is by stamping out various parts of material of different colors
combining these parts, and afterwards further cutting and embossing as before
described. In some cases the piece of steel or other material which I fix to the bed
of the machine is engraved, or cut, to form the counterpart or female die. This is
done when it is required to form the letters, coats of arms, and similar ornamental
subjects in high relief but not solid.
4
The ornamental tiles, wall coverings, letters, coats of arms, and all the work,
whether flat, embossed or partly embossed, or raised in high relief. I sometimes
enamel with a solution similar to that known as Thomson's Fluid Enamel " in
order to give the appearance of glazed tiles to the work, and render it waterproof
and non absorbant of infection.
The machine I use has a horizontal bed, which when required for double feeding
moves to and fro thus one piece of the material is placed on the bed, then it
moves under the cutter and die. Then a fresh piece is placed on another part of
the bed, which moves under the cutter and die when the first is finished. The
cutter and die may be fitted into the head or top of the machine and worked by
cams or other suitable mechanism: or they may be fitted in to a platen and
worked in that manner. When using double feed it is necessary to fix on the bed
of the machine two pieces-of-steel,-or-other material to suit the cutters as before
described. Sometimes I use a block of wood, lead, or other material to cut-upon
1604

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Solid, Inlaid, Plain, and
Embossed Linoleum, and similar Composition Tiles, for
Covering Floors, Walls, and other Surfaces; also Letters,
Figures, and Characters, and in Machinery to be Used in
the said Manufacture.
I JOSEPH HANDS of 61 Norfolk Road, Dalston in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLID INLAID PLAIN AND EMBOSSED LINOLEUM AND
SIMILAR COMPOSITION TILES FOR COVERING FLOORS WALLS AND OTHER SURFACES
ALSO LETTERS FIGURES AND CHARACTERS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE
SAID MANUFACTURE and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Linoleum and similar compositions are the most suitable materials for manu-
facture according to my Invention.
The material is first rolled into sheets with or without a backing preferably of
paper in various colors as may be required by means of vertical rolls (that is one
roll above the other) the backing has before entering the rolls a certain thickness
of composition spread on it which thickness is regulated by a scraper so that the
rolls only consolidate it to a certain degree, after this the sheets are cut or punched
out and embossed as required and further consolidated by the machinery which
I hereinafter describe. In some cases the parts or pieces are consolidated with or
without a backing by combined heat and pressure.
The cutters and embossing dies which I use are constructed as follows. The bed
of the machine has fixed onto it pieces of steel or other suitable material shaped
and fitted to suit the inside of the cutter. The said cutter works outside the
embossing die so that when descending the material is first cut and then embossed
by the embossing die either on a part or the whole of the face of the piece which
has been cut. The cutter and die are actuated by cams or other suitable mechanism
so that the cutter rises clear of the material before the die ascends thus liberating
the material from the cutter. The die now rises and the operation is repeated.
Sometimes I cause the embossing die to descend first and emboss and afterwards
cut as before described.
The parts to be embossed I previously insert in the piece cut by the cutter; these
parts are of a greater thickness than the piece that receives them so that after
embossing they will be in relief. The thickness before mentioned may be varied
to produce any relief desired; and the parts embossed may be in any desired
color; also the piece which has been cut may be in various colors. When the
embossed parts are required to be sunk below the general surface the said parta
must be of less thickness.
I also construct letters for facias, coats of arms and trade symbols in a similar
manner; that is by stamping out various parts of material of different colors
combining these parts and afterwards further cutting and embossing as before
described. In some cases the piece of steel or other material which I fix to the

page_text: bed of the machine is engraved or cut to form the counterpart or female die. This
is done when it is required to form the letters, coats of arms, and similar ornamental
subjects in high relief but not solid.
The ornamental tiles, wall coverings, letters coats of arms and all the work
whether flat, embossed, or partly embossed or raised in high relief I sometimes
enamel with a solution similar to that known as Thomson's Fluid Enamel" in
order to give the appearance of glazed tiles to the work and render it waterproof
and nonabsorbant of infection.
The machine I use has a horizontal bed which when required for double feeding
moves to and fro; thus one piece of the material is placed on the bed then it moves
under the cutter and die; then a fresh piece is placed on another part of the
bed which moves under the cutter and die when the first is finished. The cutter
and die may be fitted into the head or top of the machine and worked by cams or
other suitable mechanism or they may be fitted into a platen and worked in that
manner. When using double feed it is necessary to fix on the bed of the machino
two pieces of steel or other material to suit the cutters as before described.
Sometimes I use a block of wood, or lead, or other material to cut upon.
When cutting tiles only, the embossing dies may be taken away, and the
material by repeated cuttings is pushed. upwards through the cutter and corre-
sponding hole in the cutter plate, into the platen or head, and from time to time
taken away; and if desirable the material may be fed into the machine by rolls.
To allow for-different thicknesses of material, the connecting rods may be made
adjustable.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig 2 is an end elevation.
a, is a fast pulley on shaft b, which carries pinion c, driving spur wheel d, on
shaft d, which shaft carries pinion e, driving spur wheelf on cam shaft f¹. The
cams g transmit motion through rods g' to the cross head h, to which the embossing
dies h are attached. On the cam shaft f' are attached the cams i which actuate
the platen k by means of the connecting rods . To the platen k is attached the
plate which carries the cutters m. is the moveable bed (which, when necessary
is heated) o are the pieces or female dies fixed onto the bed n. On the cam shaft f¹
is attached cam p, which actuates bed n by means of the forked lever q, and pin r.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First The manufacture of solid inlaid plain and embossed linoleum and similar
composition tiles, substantially as described.
Second The manufacture of letters, figures, and characters substantially as
described.
Third The machinery for cutting, embossing, consolidating, and finishing;
substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of January 1885.