IMPROVE- BEAUTY TV DRAMENT OR PRERADING CERTAIN LUBRICATING OILS.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Orr Ewing, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Chairman, and Joseph James Coleman, also
of Glasgow, aforesaid, Chemist, both of Young's Paraffin Light
and Mineral Oil Company (Limited), for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
BEAUTY TV DRAMENT OR PRERADING CERTAIN LUBRICATING OILS.
"
Sealed the 13th December 1870, and dated the 18th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Orr Ewing and
Joseph James Coleman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th June 1870.
We, JOHN ORR EWING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Chairman, and JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, also of Glasgow,
aforesaid, Chemist, both of Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil
Company (Limited), do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING CERTAIN LUBRICATING OILS," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the imparting to the oils known in
commerce as mineral lubricating oils, or to admixtures of these lubri-
cating oils with other fatty oils or greases, the quality technically known

page_text: as "body" in order that such oils or greases or admixtures thereof may
be better adapted for lubricating purposes than in the state in which
they are now supplied.
The Invention is carried into effect by dissolving in the oils or
admixture of oils or greases herein-before mentioned a portion of
caoutchouc (commonly known as india-rubber), which is effected by
digesting the oils with the caoutchouc by the aid of heat, or it may be
effected by mechanical agitation.
It is found by experiment that from one half per cent. to one per
cent. of caoutchouc forms a good combination, but either more or less
may be used according to the degree of body to be imparted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph James Coleman in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
ORR EWING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Chairman, and JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, also of Glasgow, aforesaid,
Chemist, both of Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company
(Limited), send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy, in the 33rd year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph James Coleman, Her
special license that we, the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph James
Coleman, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph James Coleman, our executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING OR PREPARING CERTAIN LUBRICATING OILS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph James
Coleman, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,

page_text: wony y
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph
James Coleman, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
"
Our said Invention has for its object the imparting to those oils known.
in commerce as refined mineral lubricating oils obtained from crude
shale oil, and which crude oil is distilled from shale at a low red heat,
the quality technically understood as 'body" in order to render such
oils efficient as lubricants for the journals or bearings of ordinary
shafting as met with in mills and factories, the crank shafts of locomotive,
marine, or stationary steam engines, and the journals of railway, coal
pit, or other wagons and carriages, and in general other similar classes of
machinery, as it is the experience of dealers in and users of refined
mineral oils in the state in which they have been previous to this
Invention obtained, that whilst they are efficient as lubricants for spindles
used in spinning and twisting yarns and other very light classes of
machinery they are deficient in the quality known as "body."
The object of our Invention is accomplished by combining caoutchouc
with the said lubricating oils in the manner herein-after described.
We are aware that the employment of caoutchouc as a means for
improving oils has been suggested prior to our present Invention.
Attempts have also been made to practically apply caoutchouc for
giving "body" to refined mineral oils distilled from coal, also to natural
mineral oils, and have failed.
In preparing the improved mineral lubricating oil herein-before
referred to, we employ the lubricating oil obtained from the destructive
distillation of shale at a low red heat, and refined by re-distillation and
treatment with acids and alkalies, and so far freed from paraffin as
to be liquid at 30° to 40° Fah. (say thirty degrees to forty degrees
Fahrenheit's thermometer), refined to the extent which produces an oil
of a permament light yellow colour, and practically free from pungent
odour

page_text: We dissolve in the said mineral oil about one per cent. of caoutchouc
preferably in the form of sheet india-rubber, and the solution is effected
by, first, allowing the caoutchouc to remain immersed in the oil for a
few hours, the oil being during that time maintained at a temperature
of about 100° Fahrenheit (say one hundred degrees Fahrenheit's
thermometer) and, secondly, by violently agitating the caoutchouc and
oil together, for about twenty-four hours by means of a mechanically
driven "dasher" or agitator.
It is however to be understood that heat alone or mechanical agitation
alone may be used for effecting the solution of the caoutchouc in the
oil, but we obtain a more perfect solution by employing these methods
in combination as herein-before set forth.
After the solution or combination of the caoutchouc with the oil has
been effected we allow the prepared oil to settle until it has become
clear.
In practice we find one part of caoutchouc to one hundred parts of
oil to give a good result, but we do not confine ourselves to that pro-
portion, as the bearings of some classes of unusually heavy machinery
require more than that proportion, such, for example, as two parts of
caoutchouc to one hundred parts of oil, and for some kinds of light
machinery less than one part of caoutchouc to one hundred parts of
oil is sufficient, but we may state as the result of using several thousands
of gallons of the prepared oil for lubricating the bearings of the shafts
of locomotive and other engines and ordinary shafting as well as other
machinery in iron works and collieries, that we have found one part of
caoutchouc to one hundred parts of oil to act with great efficiency. As
a further result of our experience we find that for certain classes of
light machinery such as the bearings of spindles used in spinning and
twisting yarns, one-fourth to one-fifth of one part of caoutchouc
combined with one hundred parts of the oil herein-before referred to
very advantageous. If in any case desired, and either before or after
combining the refined mineral oil with caoutchouc, other oils may be
mixed with the mineral oil, but we do not find such admixture essential.
We find that the caoutchouc may be combined with the refined mineral
oil, also by first dissolving it in a vegetable or animal oil, and then the
solution mixed with the required quantity of mineral oil.
The improved mineral oil we prepare by the process herein-before
described resembles in colour an average sample of sperm oil, and is

page_text: liquid at 32° to 40° Fahrenheit, and is free from any tarry or pungent
smell, and its colour is permanent.
Having now described the product we prepare when the operations
are properly carried out we desire it to be understood that carelessness
in refining or preparing the mineral oil before combining it with the
caoutchouc will render. the product more or less deficient in colour,
smell, and liquidity under the influence of cold, and having pointed
out the practical result we have attained on the large scale, we would
observe in conclusion that what we consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is, the improvement of mineral lubricating
oil obtained from crude shale oil in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Orr Ewing and Joseph James
Coleman, have herounto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth
day of December One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JOHN ORR EWING.
JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
Witness,
ST. JOHN VINCENT DAY, C.E.,
0
Patent Office,
Glasgow.