An Improved Last.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1893
Comp ete Specification Left, 22nd Sept., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Last.
We HENRY COWLING 35 Chester Street Newcastle on Tyne Bootmaker
GEORGE EDWIN COWLING 35 Chester Street, Newcastle on Tyne, Bootmaker
SAMUEL HENRY COWLING 35 Chester Street, Newcastle on Tyne Bootmaker do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
(1st.) Back treading. That is when boots, shoes, or slippers, are made on this
pattern of last, it allows, that when the heel is on it, that the ordinary foot
commences the treading from point A (from which point, all ordinary feet eventually
force themselves to commence treading, if not allowed to do so at first) thus, saving
undue straining, and creasing to the uppers, and avoiding uneasiness, and hurting
to the feet.
}
In cases of extra flat feet we make them, to commence treading further back
still, according to their degree of flatness, but never with any kind of feet, do we
make the last, to commence treading more forward than point A.
The drawings sent, are of a last, allowing, when a boot, shoe, or slipper is made
on it, of them having a finch heel on, should a higher heel be wanted, say 11 heel
then the difference between inch, and 1 inch, is left on at C, and taken off at B,
thus, always having the ordinary foot treading from point A and thus we leave on
or take off according to the heel required.
(2nd.) Bowed outside waist. The waist of last, (point D) is bowed, instead of
arched on the outside from (point A) to (point B) which is the heel of last, which
when boots, shoes, or slippers, are made on it, saves the foot having to press them
from the arched waist, to the bowed waist, which pressure causes, (in the case of
shoes, or slippers, when worn) the uppers not to cling in to the sides of foot, and ankle,
and to slip off at the heel, and creates the same fulness, round the sides and ankle of
boots when worn.
The foot, not having to press our waist any lower, the uppers cling in to these
parts, and support the foot always.
(3rd.) The last is hollowed out on the inside at (point E,) and continuing down
to inside waist so that the uppers cling in to the hollow that is in the inside of foot
under ankle joint, and running down to waist.
(4th.) The whole combined, allows the foot to feel at rest in the boots, or shoes,
etc., from the first, and prevents breakages and creasing in the uppers.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1893.

page_text: COME LE BOITIATION.
An Improved Last.
HENRY COWLING 35 Chester Street Newcastle on Tyne Bootmaker GEORGE
EDWIN COWLING 35 Chester Street Newcastle on Tyne, Bootmaker SAMUEL
HENRY COWLING 35 Chester Street Newcastle on Tyne Bootmaker do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
With reference to the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification.
(1st.) The touching point, when allowance is made for the heel is at A, as shown
in drawings accompanying Provisional Specification.
With extra flat feet the touching point is made further back towards D the waist
of last.
The drawings are of a last allowing when a boot, shoe, or slipper, is made on it of
them having a inch heel on, should a higher heel be wanted "say" 1 inch heel
then the difference between inch and 1 inch is left on at C and taken off at, B,
thus always having the ordinary foot treading from, A, and thus we leave on or
take off according to the heel required.
(2nd.) The waist of last at, D, has a gradual downward curve from, B, to, ▲, as
shown by the drawings accompanying Provisional Specification.
(3rd.) The last is hollowed out on the inside at, E, and continuing down to inside
waist as shown in the drawings accompanying Provisional Specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
An improved last constructed substantially as herein described in reference to,
and shown in the drawings accompanying Provisional Specification.
Dated this 21st day of September 1894.
HENRY COWLING.
GEORGE EDWIN COWLING.
SAMUEL HENRY COWLING.