Improvements in the Construction of Electrical Motors andGenerators.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Aug., 1897--Accepted, 19th Mar., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Electrical Motors andGenerators.
I, SIDNEY HOWE SHORT, of No. 1184 East Madison Avenue, Cleveland, County
of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, United States of America, Electrical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of electrical motors and generators.
The object is to simplify and improve the construction of electric machines of
this class.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is an end view of an armature core and hub, before the inductors
are placed thereon.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a central longitudinal section of the same.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, is a perspective view of a portion of an armature showing the
insulation of the inductor sections.
Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a broken sectional view on the line 2, Fig. 1, Sheet 2.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a broken plan view of a portion of the surface of the armature.
near the commutator end.
Fig. 4 Sheet 2, is a transverse section on line 4, 4, Fig. 2, Sheet 2.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3 is a perspective view of a portion of an armature showing the
means for ventilating the same.
Fig. 2, Sheet 3 is an elevation of a separating lamina.
Fig. 3, Sheet 3, is a section on line 3, Fig. 2, Sheet 3.
Fig. 4, Sheet 3, is an elevation of an ordinary lamina.
Fig. 5, Sheet 3, is an elevation of a slightly modified form of separating lamina.
Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a section on line 6, 6, Fig. 5, Sheet 3.
Figs. 7 and 8, Sheet 3, are perspective views of modified forms of separating
lamina.
Fig. 9, Sheet 3, is an elevation of a segment of separating lamina.
Fig. 1, Sheet 4, is a perspective view of a portion of armature showing the
manner of assembling standard sizes of machines.
Fig. 2, Sheet 4, is a view showing the method of assembling the armature
laminations.
Fig. 3, Sheet 4, is a transverse section on line 3, 3, Fig. 2, Sheet 4.
Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 4, and Figs. 6, 7, 8, Sheet 5, show elevations of the laminae
passing through the various steps in the manufacture thereof.
Fig. 9, Sheet 5, is a plan of punching die for punching the holes.
Fig. 10, Sheet 5, shows means for leveling the ends of the laminations to standard
relation.
Fig. 11, Sheet 5, shows means for curving the outer edge of the lamination to
standard relation.
Fig. 12, Sheet 5, shows means for punching the teeth in which are received the
inductor sections.
Fig. 1, Sheet 6, is a perspective view of a portion of the armature, yoke and
fields of a multiplier, dynamo or generator,

page_text: Fig. 2, Sheet 6, is a section of the yoke thereof.
Fig. 1, Sheet 7, is a view illustrating means for assembling the commutator
bars.
Fig. 2, Sheet 7, is a transverse section of the same with the bars assembled
therein.
Fig. 3, Sheet 7, is, a plan view of the split holder ring.
Fig. 4, Sheet 7, is an edge view of the same.
Fig. 5, Sneet 7, is a perspective view of a commutator bar.
Fig. 1, Sheet 8, is a longitudinal sectional view of an armature showing an
arrangement of a commutator lead.
Fig. 2, Sheet 8, is a sectional view of the lead on line, 2, 2, Fig. 1, Sheet 8.
Fig. 3, Sheet 8, is a transverse section on the line 3, 3, Fig. 1, Sheet 8.
Fig. 4, Sheet 8, is a perspective view of the insulation at the ends of the com-
mutator bars.
Fig. 5, Sheet 9, is an end view of the commutator.
Fig. 6, Sheet 9, is a perspective view of the split ring.
Fig. 1, Sheet 10, is a central section of an apparatus for compressing and shaping
end rings for commutators.
Fig. 2, Sheet 10, is a transverse section of end ring.
Fig. 3, Sheet 10, is a view illustrating the method of building up the end ring.
Fig. 4, Sheet 10, is a sectional view of a commutator showing an end ring
applied thereto.
Fig. 1, Sheet 11, is an end elevation of a magnetic field for electric machines.
Fig. 2, Sheet 11, is a transverse section on line 2, 2, Fig. 1, Sheet 11.
Fig. 3, Sheet 11, is a transverse section of a field magnet showing a slightly
modified arrangement.
Fig. 4, Sheet 11, is a section on line 4, 4, Fig. 3, Sheet 1.1.
Fig. 5, Sheet 11, is a section of a mold employed in constructing the field
magnets.
Fig. 1, Sheet 12, is an end view of a portion of yoke for field magnets.
Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 12, are perspective views of the field coils before and after
being bent to shape.
Fig. 4, Sheet 12, is a sectional view of means for bending the field coils.
Fig. 5, Sheet 12, is a longitudinal section of the field coil after bending.
Fig. 1, Sheet 13, is an elevation of a field magnet core and its supporting yoke.
Fig. 2, Sheet 13, is a transverse section on line, 2, 2, Fig. 1, Sheet 13.
Fig. 3, Sheet 13, is a plan view of several fields magnets assembled together.
Fig. 4, Sheet 13, is a side view of a field magnet pole piece.
Fig. 1, Sheet 14, is an end view of an electric machine showing means for
supporting the brushes.
Fig. 2, Sheet 14, is a section on line 2, 2, Fig. 1, Sheet 14.
Fig. 3, Sheet 14, is a section on line 3, 3, Fig. 1, Sheet 14.
Fig. 4, Sheet 14, is an end view of the clamp and a portion of the rocker ring.
Fig. 5, Sheet 14, is a side view of the construction shown in Fig. 4, Sheet 14.
Fig. 6, Sheet 14, is a section on line 6, 6, Fig. 1, Sheet 14.
Fig. 1, Sheet 15 is an end view of a portion of a commutator showing a modified
brush holder.
Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 15, are respectively left and right side views of the con-
struction shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 15.
Fig. 4, Sheet 15, is an elevation of the lower end of the brush holder.
Fig. 1, Sheet 16, is a perspective view of another form of brush holder.
Fig. 2, Sheet 16, is a section on line 2, 2, Fig. 1, Sheet 16.
Fig. 1, Sheet 17, is an end view of a casing for electric machines.
Fig. 2 Sheet 17, is an elevation of the other end of the same.
Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 17, are respectively end and side views of draw plugs.
Fig. 1, Sheet 18, is a sectional elevation of generator or motor frame supporting
foundations.

page_text: Fig. 2, Sheet 18, 18 a plan of that part of the foundation which supports one
side of the frame.
Fig. 3, Sheet 18, is a section on line 3, 3, Fig. 1, Sheet 18.
Fig. 4, Sheet 18, is a side view of the frame foot and means for supporting and
adjusting it.
Fig. 5, Sheet 18, is a transverse section of the construction shown in Fig. 4,
Sheet 18.
a
Referring to Sheet 1, A, is the armature hub having integral radial arms or
spokes B, having raised bosses C, D), on the periphery of the outer ends thereof.
Each spoke may have a pair of bosses, and the distance between the two bosses
on each spoke is the same as that between adjacent bosses on contiguous spokes.
In each boss is formed a dovetail groove E, to receive dovetail projections F, on
the winding supports G. This support may comprise a series of plates or lamina-
tions having teeth H, on the outer periphery thereof to receive the inductors.
Each succeeding ring of plates G, are lap-jointed with the adjacent ring. By
reason of bosses C, D, a space J, is left between the inner surface of the inductor
support and the outer periphery of the spider. This permits ventilation. The
hub may have sets of spider arms, as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1. The inductor
supporting laminations is clamped between plates K by bolts L. The core A, is
composed of the laminations as above described, clamped between end
rings B, B, the laminations having teeth a', and notches a², which when the core
is built up form long slots a³, to receive the inductors K, which extend from the
commutator leads H, lengthwise the core in one slot A³ then turn back through
another slot to another lead H. Ring B, has a flange b, in which is a concave
annular recess b¹, in which the bends of the inductors rest. To the surface b*,
or recess b¹ is secured an insulating covering C. End ring B' has flange 63 of
insulating material. The surface of these flanges is shaped to form a concave
annular recess, the surface + of which is covered with insulation. Insulating
troughs D, placed in slots 3, to receive the inductors.
troughs may be made of paper, linen and mica cemented together by varnish. The
peripheral surface of rings B, B1, is cylindrical for a short distance from the cores
as shown at 65, and when covered by insulation C, C¹, are flush with the bottom of
the slots a3. The ends of troughs D, are supported by these surfaces 65. After
the armature is wound the spaces between the projecting ends of troughs D, are
filled with insulating plugs P. An insulating strip E, of wood or other fibre is
inserted in the tops of the troughs D), after the inductors are placed therein to
hold the inductors in place. The ends of the inductors are tightly bound by
wires G, and insulating pads F. One or more bindings G₁ may also be applied
around the core. A shield J, over the ends of the inductors and held in place by
binding wires G2, G3, protect the inductor ends from dust. The face of the outer
face of ring B, being provided with a groove 66, to receive the edge of shield J.
The other ends of the inductors are held by binding wires G.
are
These
In Sheet 3, is shown a ventilating arrangement for the armature A, wherein
the laminae B, having teeth b, are clamped between the end plates a, a¹, the plate
having a pocket a², to receive the ends of the inductors. The ventilating spaces C,
are formed by punching out dent portions of ordinary laminae. The teeth c, of
the spaces C are turned at right angles to the teeth of the other laminae. Instead
of punching the tongues, c, merely projections c¹, c² may be formed. Instead
of twisting the teeth b, of the ventilating spacers they may be bent over as. at c, c.
In armature construction it is important to provide a standard construction and
arrangement of parts. To accomplish this object the armature laminations should
be reduced to standard size as to width and depth of teeth and slots which receive
inductors of standard size, the only difference for different sizes, speeds or
capacities of machines being in the angle of bevel of the ends of the laminations
and in the radius of the circle to which the outer edge of the laminations are cut.
Therefore to vary the size or output of machines the number and width of face
of armature laminations and the number of poles of the machine are varied. In

page_text: Sheets 4 and 5 is shown arrangements embodying this principle and also pro-
vision for ample expansion and contraction in the armature castings. The first
step is to produce holes 20, near the edge of the lamination blanks A.
This may
be accomplished by punches B, B, relatively adjusted by screws C. The ends of
the blank D, are then reduced to proper bevels. This may be accomplished by
means of two pairs of shears pivoted at 21, on an axis concentric with the axis
of the particular size of armature to be produced. The shears are adjustable as
to length by slots 23, and screws 24. The angle between the pairs of shears may
be adjusted by screw 22. The next step is to curve the outer edge of the blank.
This may be accomplished by placing the blanks D, with pins 28, of an arm 25, in
holes 20. The arm 25, is pivoted on axis 26, which corresponds to the geometric
center of the armature to be produced, in frame E, and adjustable for different
diameters of armatures by screw 27. The edge of plate D is reduced to the desired
curvature by swinging arm 25, past cutter 29. The blank is next placed with
the holes 20, therein slipped over pins 33, in an arm 30, pivoted on axis 31 corre-
sponding to the geometric center of the armature to be produced, adjustable by
means of screw 32, to different diameters of armatures. Pin 35, entering one of
the holes, hold the arm 30, in position for punch or die, to form the teeth and
slots S, T, in the curved edge of the blank. The lamination is now ready for
assembling. All laminations of the same size machine being exact duplicates
and hence can be made in quantities and rapidly and economically. The armature
is assembled by slipping hub G, carrying the integral spokes J, and flanges K, on
the armature shaft F. The flanges K, and spokes J, are separated from each other
by the slots or openings L formed by intersecting blocks in the mold in which the
castings are made. These openings are to allow for shrinkage, expansion and
contraction. On the reduced portion H, of hub G, is slipped another hub M,
having similar spokes N, flanges O, and openings L'. The laminations are
supported and clamped between the faces of flanges O, K, by bolts P, passing
through holes in the spokes and the holes 20, in the laminations. The commutator
bars R, and their leads may be carried in a spider Q mounted on the reduced
portion H, but keyed thereto as at W, the same key also connecting hub M, to
hub G. Thus the armature is built up of layers or rings of the laminae, preferably
lap jointed. The inner edges 40, 41, of the laminae are straight thereby forming
pockets or air pockets U, which serve to radiate the heat generated.
It is desirable in armature constructions and for efficiency of operation to reduce
the magnetic reluctance or resistance to a low degree and also to avoid counter
currents in the armature which cause bucking in starting up the motor. In
Sheet 6 is shown an arrangement whereby these desirable ends are attained,
wherein A, is the field magnet yoke supporting the field magnet cores «, having
the faces a approaching as near to the path of revolution of the surface of the
armature as possible. B, is the armature core, D, the inductors, E, E the brushes,
and F, F, the brush rings. The metallic bands G, having a low resistance
surround the yoke between the cores a, and form closed magnetic circuits. These
bands stop the fluxuations in the magnetic flux of the cores a, by reason of the
current induced in the bands, such induced current flowing in one direction when
the magnetic flux of the cores increases, and in the other direction when the flux
decreases, and reacting on the cores reduces or increases such flux.
The construction assembling and arrangement of the commutators and the
manner of connecting the inductors thereto will now be described particular
reference being had to Sheets 7, 8, 9, 10, of the drawings. In Sheet 8, A, is the
commutator hub mounted on to revolve with armature shaft B, and C, are the
commutator bars. A sleeve D), of insulation slightly longer than hub A is first
slipped over said hub and serves to insulate the bars C, therefrom. The bars C,
are rabbetted as at c, at each end to receive the insulating end rings E, E, consisting
of the cylindrical band e and flanges el, e², to protect and insulate the ends of the
bars C. The parts may be held on hub B, by means of a ring M, diagonally split,
which embraces the band e, at each end of the commutator hub. A ring N, con

page_text: stituting a flange on the end disks n, secured to the hub by bolts n', surround the
rings M, and said ring M, is firmly clamped by means of screws P, topped through
ring N. Insulating plates G separate adjacent bars C. The ends of inductor sec-
tions H, are connected to leads J. These leads are made by riveting together
ribbons of conducting metal say copper. Three ribbons are employed, the middle
one j being stiffer than the outer ones j¹, to secure flexibility to prevent breakage,
yet stiff enough to avoid contracting with adjacent leads, and they are held to-
gether by rivets 2, thus leaving a fork ja for embracing the inductor section. The
inner ends of the leads are secured by rivets in inclined grooves C¹, formed across
the commutator bars C, see Fig. 1, Sheet 8 . All joints are filled with soft solder
possessing a high melting point. To prevent short circuiting by accumulation of
dirt between the leads, the insulating plates G are provided with extension 9,
Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet S, and flange e² of ring E is also extended as at e³. Fig. 1 same
sheet. It is of course greatly desirable that the external surface of the commutator
cylinder when completed be absolutely cylindrical in order to avoid breaks or
unevenness in the surface with which the brushes contact. In Sheet 7 is shown an
arrangement for securing this result wherein A, B, designate separable halves of a
cylindrical ring, having a rabbet C, and groove D, on the interior surface, and
flanges E, for securing the halves A, B, together see Fig. 1, Sheet 7. When secured
together the grooves C, D, of one section register end to end with those of the other.
F, is a ring diagonally split at G, and having a smooth inner surface and a peripheral
flange H. This ring is adapted to be encircled by the ring formed by sections A, B,
when assembled, with flange H received in groove D, see Fig. 2 Sheet 7. The
commutator bars J are provided with the dovetail part K projecting inwardly,
The bars J are now
to receive the insulating end rings not shown in this sheet.
assembled radially inside of ring F, the leads L, being accommodated in rabbet C,
strips of insulation alternately with the bars. Thus the commutator ring is built
up. The proper compression of the commutator ring is attained by means of
screws M, through ring A, B, and impinging against the exterior surface of split
ring F. By successfully turning up on these screws the commutator ring is com-
pressed the desired degree, so that the outer edges of the assembled bars all lie in
a true cylindrical surface. During the compression step the apparatus is subjected
to expand and expel any air retained in or between the parts and to vaporize any
varnish. If facing or turning down the ends of the commutator cylinder is re-
quired, the ring A, B, may be mounted on the face plate of a lathe for the purpose
required. The commutator cylinder is now ready to receive the insulating end
rings. The construction of end rings is shown in Sheet 10, wherein A, is a mold
plate having the desired configuration along the edge thereof which is to be im-
parted to the end ring at E and receive the bearing surface of heads F. B, is a
ring adapted to encircle said plate A, said ring being suitably grooved on the
inner surface to confirm together with the shape of plate A, to the exterior shape
of the end ring C, when completed, the junction of the grooved surface of ring B
and the beveled edge of plate A, conforming to the bend D), of the end ring, this
bend is designed to occupy the base of the dovetail groove in the end of the com-
mutator ring, as clearly shown. The end ring is built up of thin strips of mica
or other suitable insulating material. The thin strips being flexible and placed in
the mold A, B, side by side in layers, each strip being easily bent by hand to the
desired shape. Successive layers of these strips are placed in the mold, a thin
sheet of waxed paper being placed over the surface of the mold to facilitate the
removal of the end ring when completed. A thin coat of varnish may be applied
to the thin strips of insulation to secure proper adherence. When the desired
thickness of material is thus built up by successive layers of laminae, a waxed sheet
of paper, L, is placed over the surface thereof and a clamping plate H, is then
introduced, this plate having the desired configuration on the under and outer
peripheral surface. Pressure is supplied in any suitable manner to force the
clamping plate firmly down upon the built up end ring thus causing it to assume
the desired shape. A bolt having a nut K, is shown as a pressure means. The

page_text: mold with the end ring clamped thereon is now baked to vaporize the varnish and
to expel any air. The nut K, being gradually turned up. When the operation
is completed the plate A, ring B, and plate H are separated as, for instance by
inserting eye bolts in sockets M, and the end ring C, is removed. It is now for
use. The bend D does not bottom with the dove-tail groove in the commutator
ring as indicated at N, nor do the clamping heads I bottom as shown at O, with
the end ring groove, thus breaking off the end ring by clamping up the head plate
is avoided. Before applying the end ring to the commutator ring a cylinder P,
of insulation is arranged over the inner surface of the commutator ring.
In Sheets, 11, A, is the frame for supporting the field magnet cores B. These
cores may comprise a series of soft iron plates D, placed flatwise upon each other
and secured together between end plates C, and are arranged at equidistance apart.
The laminations D, and plates C, are stamped out with notches E, therein forming
dovetail end portions F. The laminations are then built up in a sand mold G,
formed with a groove H, into which the dovetail ends project, the several cores
being arranged in the same relative position they are to occupy when in use.
Openings J, K are formed in the mold and communicate with the channel H.
Molten metal to form frame A, is then poured in said channel H, through open-
ing J, and is allowed to flow freely through such channel and out through open-
ing K a sufficient length of time to bring the dovetail ends to the same heat as
the melted metal. The flow is then stopped. The dove tail ends of the several
cores thus have the frame A, cast around them, and hence are firmly held. Bolts L
serve to clamp plates C with the laminations D, between them. The plates D),
are provided with slots M in the pole ends thereof to prevent the concentration
of the lines of force in the far corner of the core faces. Of course two or more of
such kerfs may be employed to form gaps across which the lines of force cannot
be pulled. When the plates are arranged with their flat sides transverse to the
axis of rotation of the armature shaft the slots M, may be omitted, for in such
case the plates themselves form the breaks in the continuity of surface of the pole
faces of the cores, P is a soft iron ring or pole piece adapted to be slipped over
the end of the core in order to utilize as fully as possible all the lines of force
created by the field magnets.
In Sheet 13, the magnet core A, is of cast steel, and has intersecting slots a.
A groove a¹, is formed in one end of the core when it is made. In Figure 3,
Sheet 13, four magnet cores are shown arranged in position to have the rim or yoke
cast around the projecting ends thereof. The magnet cores are held in proper
position by being bolted to a jag B, preferably in the form of a ring of about the
diameter of the armature. The slots a, in the magnet cores are then filled, say,
with sand and the several cores held as described by jig B, are placed in a sand
mold, substantially as above described, and the rim or yoke is then cast around
the projecting ends of the cores, the metal of the yoke entering the grooves a¹, to
securely hold the cores in place. The slots a permit of expansion and contraction.
The other ends a³, of the cores are slit as at ³, and the core blocks C, are slipped
thereon. The cores A, are thus of solid steel and are cylindrical, and the rim is
of cast iron, thus greatly cheapening the cost of manufacture and facilitating the
winding of the field coils.
It is desirable in motor and generator_constructions to secure a maximum out-
put or capacity in a minimum space. In Sheet 12, is shown a construction of
field whereby this result is accomplished, and wherein the yoke or frame A is in
the form of a cylindrical ring having the field magnet cores B, projecting from
the internal surface thereof towards a common center. To accommodate the
field coils to this shape and arrangement, such coils, which ordinarily are of rec-
tangular shape as at D, are bent the form shown at C, in order to conform to the
curvature of rim A. This may be accomplished by means of the mold block G,
and follower H, adapted to be slipped over the stem F, and to press the coil D,
into the proper shapes. Since a cylindrical field supporting yoke occupies less
space than a poligonal yoke and since a curved coil C, occupies less space in a

page_text: cylindrical ring than a rectangular coil, hence a maximum capacity is secured
within a minimum space.
The arrangement of the brush holders will now be described. Referring to
Sheet 14, A, is a rocker ring mounted in the ends of rigid arms C, bolted to the
machine frame, and concentric with the commutator ring B, the arms C, are
off-set from the frame so as to support the rocker ring at a point midway the
length of the commutator B, and are grooved as at c, to receive the flange of
radial arms a.
Between flanges a¹ and a², of ring A, at suitable regular intervals
are received radial insulating sleeves, D), which are clamped by plates a³. Each
sleeve D, receives through the stem e of a brush hanger E, a flange d of sleeve
1, preventing contact between the ring A and the hanger E. The ends of stems e,
are received in clamps H, having eyes h, in which is connected the bar K. Thus
connecting the several brushes. Thus the stems e, are all supported and may be
adjustable in radial position with respect to the commutator. The forks el of
hanger E have a groove to receive tongues g¹ on sleeve G, (See Fig. 2, Sheet 14)
which supports the holders M, of brushes O. This sleeve is held by bolt g passed
through one of the forks e¹ and screwed to the other. On the periphery of rocker
ring A, is secured a clamp Q, to which is pivoted one end of a rod N, the other
end of which is threaded and passed through a threaded hub r, of a hand wheel R,
carried by a stud P, swiveled on the frame of the machine. A collar ¹ prevents
sieeve from moving longitudinally. The rod N, is arranged substantially
tangential to ring A, and thereby said ring may be rotarily adjusted.
In Sheet 15 the brush t is held against the flat side of a plate, A arranged
lengthwise with respect to the bars of the commutator R, and carried by a shank B,
arranged to pass through an insulating sleeve D, held in rocker ring C, by
clamps E. The end of shank B, carries clamp F, to which are secured the brush
connecting bars G. The brushes t, are held against the surface of plate A,
by means of arms b, pivoted to posts a, the springs S, holding the arms b, against
the brushes. By this construction the brushes are held in true radial position
with respect to the commutators and can be accurately adjusted and are constantly
maintained in efficient electrical contact with the commutator.
In sheet 16 D, is a split sleeve which carries the brush holder. The screw d,
serves to clamp the sleeve upon a shaft or other support. Set screw d¹ may also
form additional means of support. E, is the brush holding clamp plate, con-
nected to sleeve D, by springs, F, F, which enter slots and e³ in said sleeve and
plate respectively. The clamp A is secured to plate E by screw a, having a
spring washer a². A second screw a¹, tapped through plate A, bears at its outer
end upon plate E. A spring plate B bears at its outer end upon an insulated pin e
carried by plate E. This spring plate passes underneath a bar d and its inner end.
is held in a clamp plate C, on the end of screw G, which passes through both clamp
plate and spring plate. A transverse pin g, supports plate C, and normally lies
in a groove c, c (see Fig. 2 sheet 15). The screw G is tapped through an arm 5,
and by its adjustment the pressure of contact of the brushes upon the commutator
may be adjusted and regulated.
It is usual to enclose the motor or generator in a casing, the journal bearings
being lined with soft metal to reduce friction, which when worn are replaced. In
sheet 17 is shown such construction, wherein A, and B, are respectively the lower
and upper halves of the casing suitably hinged and having the semi-cylindrical
bosses a,
b at their ends which receive the bearing sleeves c, for shaft C, which
carries the armature F. The field magnets are indicated at a¹, b¹. The casing
ends are provided with holes a² in line with the pole surface of the lower field
magnet. By looking through these holes it may be readily seen how near the
armature surfaces approaches the field magnet and hence how much worn are the
sleeves c. A plug E, having an angular groove e, to receive the link g, of a
chain G, by which it is supported may be screwed into holes a³, to close the same
when desired.
To facilitate access to the field bobbins or armature it is desirable to provide

page_text: means for shifting the field and armature relative to each other. Such construc-
tion is shown in sheet 18, wherein A, is the foundation of masonry having outside
piers a, forming a pit B, between them to accommodate frame C, the tops a¹ of
piers a, are level and are covered with a layer of cement a². While this cement is
still soft plates D, having notches & are placed thereon, whereby the cement enters
the notches and hold the plates D, in place. Foundation bolts E and nuts E hold
plate D, in place. These plates have a smooth upper surface d, side flanges d³
and end flange d³, to receive set screws F, having a jam nut f. A series of thin
sheets of iron G, are placed on plate D. The feet c, of frame C, rest on these sheets.
By removing or adding these sheets the height of frame C may be adjusted.
Lateral adjustment is secured by screws F. Bolts H, hold frame C rigidly to the
foundation. To prevent sagging a jack screw J having its base K, resting upon
the floor of pit B, may be provided. The upper end of this screw enters a socket L.
A jam nut J, locks screw J in place. In Figs. 4 and 5, sheet 18 the plates M,
have ways m.
The plates D¹ have corresponding grooves d to receive said ways
in.. A bolt N passing through slot d³ serves to secure the frame in adjusted
position lengthwise of the armature.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
(1) An armature for motors or generators comprising a hub having separated
radial arms carrying laminations which support the inductor sections.
(2) An armature for motors or generators built up of laminations having teeth
and slots to receive the inductor sections and ventilating spaces arranged between
certain of the laminations.
(3) An armature built up of layers of rings of laminations and interposed
ventilating spacers and supported with a hub by bolts or dove tail projections.
(4) An armature comprising a hub having separated spokes with dove tails or
perforations, and laminations whether provided with perforations, to receive a
supporting bolt or with dove tail projections and adapted to receive and support
the inductors and having ventilating passages formed there-through.
(5) An armature comprising a hub having two sets of radial spokes integral
therewith but separated from each other, and a laminated inductor support mounted
on said spokes.
(6) In an armature core, an insulating end ring insulating coverings and
insulating troughs for the inductor sections
(7) In an armature, a core having insulating troughs for supporting the inductor
sections, end rings suitably insulated for supporting the ends of the inductors, an
insulating covering for the ends of the inductor sections and binding wires for
holding the inductors in place.
(8) A ventilating lamination for armature cores formed by punching out portions
of the body of a lamination blank.
(9) A ventilating lamination for armature cores formed by bending or warping
the body of a blank so as to leave spaces through the body of the core when
built up.
(10) A standard armature composed of built up core laminations each having a
pair of holes and reduced to a perpheral curvature on a center geometric with the
armature axis, and having its ends beveled on lines radial with the same center
and a straight inner edge.
(11) A standard armature core lamination formed by reducing the peripheral
edge thereof to a curve struck from the geometric center of the armature, and pro-
vided with inductor supporting teeth and slots having its ends beveled to lines
radial to the same center, whereby changes of capacity may be effected by varying
the curvature of the periphery and the angle of bevel of the ends and holes formed
in the plate for holding the same in standard positions during the several opera-
tions and ultimately supporting it in the built up armature,

page_text: (12) An armature comprising a hub having spokes, a co-operating hub also
having spokes, means for clamping a laminated core between said hubs.
(13) An armature formed of a hub having a reduced portion and radial spokes,
a second hub mounted on said reduced portion and also provided with radial
spokes, and bolts for clamping together corresponding spokes of the two hubs and
supporting the core.
(14) An armature formed of a hub having a reduced portion and radial spokes, a
second hub mounted on said reduced portion and also provided with radial spokes,
means for supporting the core by said spokes, and a commutator hub also mounted
on said reduced portion.
(15) In the manufacture of armatures means adjustable to different capacities
of machines for reducing the outer edge of armature lamination blanks to proper
curvature, means for forming standard size and depth of teeth and slots therein,
means adjustable to different capacities of machines for bevelling the ends of the
blanks to the desired radii and means for suitably supporting the blank during
these several operations.
(16) An armature core built of rings of segmental laminations, the succeeding
layers being "lap-jointed.
(17) An armature having a magnetic circuit of low reluctance, and closed con-
ducting circuits of low electrical resistance enclosing the magnetic circuit.
(18) An armature comprising a core and field magnets and a magnetic yoke
supporting the field magnets, bands of conducting material to encircle the yoke
at points adjacent to the field magnets.
(19) In an armature, a commutator hub having an insulating sleeve surrounding
it and coterminous alternate commutator bars and insulating strips and insulating
end rings covering the ends of the bars and overlapping said sleeve.
(20) In an armature, a commutator hub, alternate commutator bars and insulating
strips supported upon but insulated from said hub, leads for the inductors connected
to said bars, insulating end rings fitted over the end of the bars and strips between
said rings, and means for preventing dirt from entering the joints adjacent to the
commutator leads and bars.
(21) A lead for armature commutators and inductors, consisting of a spring, or,
if desired, a plurality of metallic ribbons riveted together, and connected at one
end to the bar and at the other to the inductor.
(22) The combination with the commutator bars, an insulating ring embracing
the ends of the bars, a split ring embracing the insulating ring, a solid ring
around the split ring, and set screws for tightening the split ring.
(23) An insulated end ring for commutators, said ring being continuous and
shaped to conform to the shape of the ends of the commutators bars.
(24) An end ring built up of layers of thin strips of insulation, which, if desired,
may be lap-jointed.
(25) An end ring built up of successive lap jointed layers of insulation suitably
compressed into the desired shape.
(26) A commutator having a channel or groove, an end ring having a bend
adapted to be received in but not bottoming with said groove and means for clamp-
ing said end ring in place.
(27) In the manufacture of end rings for commutators, a circular disk and an
enclosing ring forming a mold and suitably shaped to conform to the shape of the
end ring to be produced, .thin strips coated or not, with varnish and arranged to
the mold in lap jointed layers and preliminarily bent to shape, and a setting plate
adapted to clamp and compress the built up ring in the mold, the whole adapted
to be heated.
(28) In the manufacture of commutators, a compressible ring in which the com-
mutator bars are assembled and means for contracting the diameter of the ring
whereby the assembled bars are compressed.
(29) In the manufacture of commutators, a split ring in which the commutator"
bars are assembled, a casting adapted to receive the split ring and set screws

page_text: topped through the casting and impinging against the split ring whereby when
the set screws are turned up the diameter of the split ring is contracted and the
assembled commutator bars are compressed into true cylindrical form.
(30) In the manufacture of commutators, a split ring having a peripheral flange
the commutator bars adapted to be assembled in said ring, a sectional casting
encircling the ring and having a groove to receive the flange, on said ring, means
for detachably securing the sections of casting together, and set screws topped
through the casting and impinging on the ring, whereby the ring may be
contracted.
(31) In an electric machine, a field magnet core made up of plates and lamina-
tions and having slots in their pole faces to break the continuity of such surface.
(32) In an electric machine à field magnet core and a supporting yoke therefore,
said yoke being cast around the end of such core.
(33) In an electric machine a field magnet having either a solid or laminated
core and having a groove at one end and a yoke cast around said grooved end.
(34) In an electric machine a series of field magnets cores arranged radial to a
common center, and having the continuity of the surface of the inner ends thereof
broken by kerfs or joints, and a supporting yoke cast around the other ends and
with or without a removable pole piece.
(35) In an electric machine, a field magnet core split partway the length thereof
and grooved, and having a yoke cast around the split grooved end, the metal being
prevented from entering the splits but entering the grooves.
(36) In an electric machine, a coil for the field magnet said coil being curved on
the outer and inner surface thereof to correspond to the path of rotation of the
armature, and a supporting suitably shaped to receive such coil.
(37) In an electric machine, a field magnet supporting yoke made cylindrical
both externally and internally, and carrying the field magnet core, and a field
winding which consists of a flat coil which has been bent into shape to conform to
the curve of the inner surface of the yoke on one side and the path of rotation of
the armature on the other.
(38) In an electric machine, means for supporting the brushes on lines radial to
the commutator and in a plane intermediate its ends.
(39) In an electric machine, means for supporting the brushes and adjusting
the same both radially and axially with respect to the commutator and in a plane
intermediate to its ends.
(40) In an electric machine à rocker ring mounted concentric with the com-
mutator for rotary adjustment, brush holders mounted radially therein but
insulated therefrom and means whereby the brush holders are radially adjustable.
(41) In an electric machine arms supported on the frame but off set therefrom
and having grooves in the free ends thereof to receive flanged spokes of a ring in
which are mounted insulating sleeves which support the brush holders.
(42) A brush holder comprising a ring rotarily adjusted by means of a rod
pivoted thereto and a hand nut mounted on the threaded end of said rod.
(43) A brush holder comprising a fork adapted to receive a bolt on which is
supported a sleeve being held against rotation and an insulated support for the
stem of the fork.
(44) A brush holder, the stem of which is suitably insulated and supported
and carrying a plate to which is pivoted a spring pressed lever which lever engages
and holds the brush to the plate and to the commutator.
(45) A brush holder having means of support and consisting of flexible arms
carrying a plate to which the brush is clamped, and an adjustable spring bearing
on the clamp to hold the brush yieldingly to the surface of the commutator.
(46) In an electric machine, a casing enclosing the field and armature and pro-
vided with peep holes in the ends thereof in line with the pole ends of the lower
field magnet cores.
(47) In an electric machine, a casing enclosing the field and armature and

page_text: having peep holes, and removal plugs to fill the holes when not required. for
inspection.
(48) A support for motors and generators comprising a bed having ledges, a
field supporting frame having feet resting and adapted to be adjustably mounted
on the ledges.
(49) A support for motors and generators comprising a bed having side ledges,
plates permanently bolted to said ledges and a field casting having feet adapted
to be detachably bolted upon said plates.
(50) A support for motors and generators comprising a bed having side ledges,
upon which are permanently bolted plates, a field casting having feet resting on
said plates and removable strips interposed between the feet and plates.
(51) A support for motors and generators comprising a bed having side ledges
upon which are supported track plates, a field magnet supporting casting having
feet resting on the track plates, means for adjusting the field magnet supporting
frame vertically, transversely and longitudinally on said track plates and
independently of the armature, and means for preventing the casting from sagging
at the center.
SIDNEY HOWE SHORT.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.