IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MORE PERFECT UTILISATION OF THE CALORIC ARISING FROM THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION IN THE FURNACES OR FLUES OF STEAM OR HEAT GENERATORS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Emil Bennett, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES
FOR THE MORE PERFECT UTILISATION OF THE CALORIC ARISING FROM THE
PROCESS OF COMBUSTION IN THE FURNACES OR FLUES OF STEAM OR HEAT
GENERATORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Emil Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1880.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MORE PERFECT UTILISATION OF THE
CALORIC ARISING FROM THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION IN THE FURNACES OR FLUES
OF STEAM OR HEAT GENERATORS."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or appliances for the more
perfect utilisation of the caloric arising from the process of combustion, and is
applicable to steam generators and heating apparatus. This Invention relates to
the construction of the steam or heat generators in which the hot gases are
generated, or in the construction of the flues or passages in, under, around, or
connected with the steam or heat generators in which the hot gases are generated,
or through which the said hot gases pass for the purpose of being absorbed by the
steam generator, or absorbed and given off by the heat generators, the essential
feature of the said Invention being the formation of compartments by partitions,
under which said partitions and up into which said compartments the hot gases
will pass successively from the first to the last. The lower portions of the com-
partments may be open from end to end, or they may be divided into compartments
corresponding with the upper compartments, the partitions of the low compartments
being placed in the centre of the length of the upper compartments, or otherwise, as
may be found advisable in practise. The partitions between the compartments may
be formed wholly by portions of the steam or heat generator, or partly by the steam
or heat generator, and partly in and by the flues or passages around or under the
said steam or heat generator, or wholly in and by the flues or passages around or
under the steam or heat generator. When the compartments are formed in the
flues or passages connected with the steam or heat generators, they can be of fire-
brick or other suitable substance. In using my improved apparatus the hot gases
or products of combustion pass into the first compartment, and after giving off a
portion of their coloric to the heat absorbing surfaces descend and pass in rotation
into each of the other compartments, wherein the same process is repeated, and
whereby the coloric is more perfectly utilised, resulting in a saving of the fuel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said John Emil Bennett in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th August 1880.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MORE PERFECT UTILISATION OF THE CALORIC
ARISING FROM THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION IN THE FURNACES OR FLUES OF STEAM
AND HEAT GENERATORS."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or appliances for the more
perfect utilisation of the caloric arising from the process of combustion, and is
applicable to steam generators and heating apparatus.
According to the ordinary method of construction the flues or passages through
which the flame, hot gases, or products of combustion pass are open from end to
end, and the flame or hot gases pass freely, or the said flues or passages have
divisions therein constructed on a principle differing essentially from the divisions
or compartments which are hereinafter described.
This Invention consists in the construction of the steam or heat generator in
which the hot gases are generated, or in the construction of the flues or passages
in, under, around, or connected with the steam or heat generator in which the hot
gases are generated, or through which the said hot gases pass for the purpose of
being absorbed by the steam generator, or absorbed and given off by the heat
generator, the essential feature of the said Invention being the formation of
compartments by partitions, under which said partitions and up into which
said compartments the hot gases will pass successively from the first to the
Jast.
The lower portions of the compartments may be open from end to end, or they
may be divided into compartments corresponding with the upper compartments,
the partitions of the lower compartments being placed in the centre of the
length of the upper compartments, or otherwise, as may be found advisable in
practise.
The partitions between the compartments may be formed wholly by a portion
of the steam or heat generator, or partly by the steam or heat generator and
partly in and by the flues or passages around or under the said steam or heat
generator, or wholly in and by the flues or passages around or under the steam
or heat generator. When the compartments are formed in the flues or passages
connected with steam or heat generators, they can be of firebrick or other suitable
substance.
In using my improved apparatus the hot gases or products of combustion pass
into the first compartment, and after giving off a portion of their caloric to the
heat absorbing surfaces, descend and pass in rotation into each of the other com-
partments, wherein the same process is repeated, and whereby the caloric is more
perfectly utilised, resulting in a saving of the fuel.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal section in elevation of
a boiler with my improved seating. A is one of two ordinary flue tubes, the flame
and products of combustion passing through it into the chamber C, which is of
ordinary construction; D, E, F, are three partitions of fire brick or other suitable
material built or formed so as to be close to the shell G of the boiler, thereby
forming a series of compartments H, J, K, L, into which the hot gases or products
of combustion pass successively first into the compartment H, then into the com-
partments J and K, and finally into the compartment L, and away from it in the
ordinary manner; Figure 2 is a transverse section in elevation as taken through the
dotted line X, Y (Figure 1), of the boiler G, flue tubes A, B, and partition D, showing
the height to which the partitions D, E, F, extend up the sides of the boiler;
M and N are the outer or retaining walls of the boiler seating.

page_text: Figure 3 is a longitudinal section in elevation of a heat generator or stove
embodying the principles of my Invention.
Figure 4 is a transverse section in elevation, and Figure 5 is a front view
thereof. O, P, Q, are the partitions; R, S, T, U, are the compartments.
The heat rises into the compartments R and S, and descends below the grate, as
indicated by the arrows in Figure 4, and pass into the compartment T, and then into
the compartment U; V and W are dampers, and when open the flame and products
of combustion pass direct to the main flue C¹; but when the said dampers are
closed, as shown in Figure 3, the flame and products of combustion circulate as above
described; A is the furnace or fire hole of the stove; B', the fire bars; and D'
fire brick linings; Z is the ash pit under the fire bars B'. In using my improved
stove the fire is lighted in the furnace or chamber A², and the dampers V and W
are open to cause a direct current or draft; but when the fire has burnt up
safficiently the said dampers are closed, and the flame and products of combustion
circulate through the compartments R, S, T, U, as first described.
I do not confine myself to the precise details illustrated and described, as
the same may be varied without departing from the principles of my Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is or may be performed and carried
into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as novel and original
and secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. Improvements in apparatus or appliances for the more perfect utilization
of the caloric arising from the process of combustion in the furnaces or flues of
steam and heat generators by the employment therein of compartments or chambers
constructed of or under the heat absorbing surfaces thereof, into which said com-
partments the hot gases or products of combustion pass successively from the
first to the last for the purpose of giving off heat to the said steam or heat
generator.
'
Secondly. The arrangement of compartments H, J, K, L, in the flue under the
steam boiler, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Thirdly. The arrangement of compartments R, S, T, U, as shown in Figure 3
and Figure 4, forming part of a heat generator or stove.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Emil Bennett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT. (L.S.)