Improvements in or connected with Hydro-carbon Incandescent Lamps.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 25th Sept., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
:
t
Improvements in or connected with Hydro-carbon Incandescent
Lamps.
I, REGINALD HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18 Buckingham
Street, Strand, W.C., London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, a communication to me from abroad by John Wesley Allison, of 35 Wall
Street, New York City, New York, United States of America, Gentleman, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
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This invention relates to a new burner for incandescent petroleum lighting
having a vaporizing element of special form provided with appropriate regulators
in combination with a special mixture chamber and giving a flame equal to the
Bunsen Burner and intended to bring to incandescence a mantel analogous to
those used for incandescent gas lights.
In the annexed drawing Figure 1 is a vertical section of the vaporizing element
provided with means for the regulation of the admission of the petroleum and of
the escape of the vapours produced.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a mixture chamber in which is produced the
intimate mixture of the vapours with the air necessary for obtaining a Bunsen
flame..
Figure 2 is a modification of the mixture chamber shown in Figure 2.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are different types of burners for incandescent
petroleum light realized by the combination of the elements shown separately by
the Figures 1 and 2
"
In order to avoid the inconveniences the vaporization of the petroleum causes
in the use of capillary tubes, serpentine pipes, or any other vaporizing tubes of
small diameter, such as those hitherto used which are soon obstructed and put out
of use by the carbon and other deposits which are formed in these tubes, I use an
evaporizing element of a special form constituted by a straight tube C Figure 1
which can be easily cleaned, of a relatively large diameter provided at the end
where the vapours pass out with a dismountable nozzle B provided with an escape
hole O, the opening of which can be regulated by means of a pin A operated by
a lever L or other appropriate arrangement mounted upon the joint R upon which
the tube C is fixed and by which the admission of petroleum to the burner is
effected. The operation of the pin A can in no way be influenced by the high
temperature of the burner, the parts submitted to friction being placed in the
cold part of the vaporizer constituted by the joint R.
The admission of the petroleum to the vaporizing tube C is regulated by means
of a lever L' provided with an eccentric e operating upon a valve. In the position
indicated on the drawing the eccentric e, the lever L' being lifted, presses upon
a diaphragm d which operates upon a valve s and keeps the tubes r through which
the petroleum penetrates into the vaporizer C closed. When the lever L' is
lowered the eccentric e leaves the diaphragm d and the valve s is pushed back by
the springiness of the diaphragm, leaving the orifices of the tubes r; the petroleum
then rises in the tube C and is vaporized in this apparatus as described hereinafter,

page_text: the vapour produced escapes through the orifice 0 of the nozzle B, the regulating
pin A having been previously withdrawn more or less from this opening.
The petroleum vapours leaving the tube C can be utilized in order to bring to
incandescence a mantel analogous to those in use for incandescent gas light.
However the mixture of these vapours must be previously made with the necessary
quantity of air for obtaining a Bunsen flame.
This mixture is effected by means of a special chamber represented separately
in Figure 2. This chamber is preferably composed of a metal cylinder F with
which is connected either directly or indirectly a metallic gauze M and provided
interiorly with a pipe H communicating with the exterior by means of one or
more branch tubes U.
In the example represented in Figure 24 the tubes U are exterior to the
metallic cylinder F and the metallic gauze M is omitted, the mixture formed in
the chamber being then conducted to the burner by one or more tubes K in place
of through the gauze M.
If the mixture chamber represented in Figure 2 or 24 is combined with the
already described vaporizing element so that the vapours leaving the orifice O of
the vaporizer are directed into the inner pipe H, these vapours penetrating with
force into said pipe provoke an aspiration of air through the tubes U, this air
is mixed with the petroleum and is driven with these vapours against the closed
end of the chamber F. The eddy effected by the shock of the vapours and of the
air against the bottom of this chamber assures the intimate mixture of the air
and the vapours, this mixture then turns back and escapes from the apparatus
leaving through the metallic gauze M or the pipe K outside of which it can be
lighted and utilized for the production of the incandescent light.
The two essential elements, the vaporizer and the mixture chamber can be com-
bined for this effect in different ways. As shown in Figure 3 the mixture
chamber F could be arranged simply above the vaporizer C, the flame bringing
the inverted mantle MI to incandescence and causing simultaneously the
vaporizing of the petroleum in the vaporizing tube C placed in the centre of this
flame.
One might equally adopt the arrangement of Figure 4 based upon the same
combination of the top elements but in which the flame bringing the mantle M¹
to incandescence is directed from below upwards, the combustible mixture of
petroleum vapours and of air being conducted for this purpose through the tube K.
Figure 5 shows as an example a combination of the mixture chamber and of
the vaporizer allowing of using an ordinary Bunsen gas burner. In this com-
bination the mixture chamber is arranged over the vaporizer and constituted by
the usual gas burner, the evaporation of the petroleum is caused by an auxiliary
flame burning round the vaporizer C fed through a tube t¹ with a small part of the
combustible mixture.
:
Figure 6 represents a combination of the mixture chamber and vaporizer
allowing the simultaneous feeding of several incandescent burners by means of
only one vaporizer. In this arrangement the vaporizer, surmounted by the
mixture chamber F is mounted upon a joint R¹ whence branch different pipes
conducting the combustible mixture to an equivalent number of burners I.
However in this case the utilizing of the mixture being made at a relatively great
distance from the flame causing the evaporation, it is convenient to incline a little
the admission pipes of the mixture to the burners I in order to favour the running
back of petroleum (which might be the result of a partial condensation in these
pipes) towards the joint R₁ where the metallic parts are brought by the flame
causing the evaporation to a sufficient temperature in order to assure the
re-evaporation of this liquid.
Figure 7 represents a combination of the vaporizer inverted and of the mixture
chamber in which the vaporizer is over the mixture chamber, the admission of
the petroleum being made from above which arrangement will be advantageous
in certain cases.
1.

page_text: In this example the vaporizing tube C is provided interiorly with a second
tube C serving for the escape of the vapour this arrangement is indispensable
in order to avoid the flow of liquid petroleum through the orifice of escape of the
petroleum vapour.
One could thus by means of the evaporizing element and the before described
mixture chamber realize a large number of combinations presenting all the same
advantages, that is to say;.
1. Facility of heating and cleaning the vaporizing element.
2. Impossibility of obstruction or of putting out of action of the apparatus in
consequence of carbon or other deposits.
3. Absence of injurious condensation of the petroleum vapours in the vaporizing
in consequence of a long passage in pipes in contact with cold walls.
4. Easy regulation of the intensity of the flame by means of a pin reducing at
pleasure the section of the escape orifice in order to allow even of obtaining a
continually burning pilot, flame obviating the relighting of the burner.
5. Intimate mixture of air and petroleum vapour.
6. Diminution of the velocity of outflow of this mixture in consequence of its
passage into a special chamber and therefore economy of mantles which will not
be broken as before by excessive pressure of the combustible mixture.
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7. Continual re-evaporation of the slight condensations which might be produced
in the mixture chamber the latter being directly submitted to the calorific action
of the flame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:
1. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube having an oil supply regulating valve at one end and a vapor discharge nozzle
at its other end, and an adjustable needle valve extending throughout the length
of the vaporizing tube and engaging within the discharge nozzle, of a mixing
chamber and air inlets arranged to receive and mix the vaporized hydro-carbon
and outer air, and an incandescent burner arranged to impart its heat directly to
the vaporizing tube, substantially as set forth.
2. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube provided with a discharge nozzle, means for regulating the supply of oil to
the tube, and a needle valve for regulating and controlling the discharge of vapor,
of a mixing chamber and air inlets located to receive and mix the vapor and
outer air, and an incandescent burner arranged to impart its heat directly to the
vaporizing tube and also to the pipe through which mixed
and gas
conveyed to the burner, substantially as set forth.
vapor
is
3. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube provided with a discharge nozzle; an adjustable needle valve for regulating
the discharge of vapor, means for regulating the supply of oil to the vaporizing
tube, and a mixing chamber provided with an air inlet arranged to receive and
mix the vapor and air, of an incandescent burner located below the mixing
chamber and arranged to impart its heat directly to the vaporizing tube, and to
heat the mixing chamber and the air supplied thereto, substantially as set forth.
4. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube, and a mixing chamber for receiving and mixing air and vapor, of an incan-
descent burner arranged and adapted to impart its heat directly to the vaporizing
tube and also to the mixed air and vapor as it flows to the burner, substantially as
set forth.
5. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube or receptacle provided with a discharge nozzle, and a needle valve for con-
trolling the discharge of vapor through the nozzle, of a mixing chamber located
over said nozzle and constructed to receive and mix air and the hydro-carbon
vapor, an incandescent burner located below the mixing chamber and a pipe or

page_text: conduit leading downwardly from the mixing chamber to the incandescent burner,
substantially as set forth.
6. In a hydro-carbon íncandescent lamp, the combination with a tube provided
at one end with a detachable nozzle, means for regulating the supply of oil to the
opposite end of the tube, and an adjustable needle valve extending through the
entire length of the tube and adapted to regulate the discharge of vapor, of 'an
incandescent burner arranged to impart its heat directly to the vaporizing tube,
substantially as set forth:
1
7. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube provided with a detachable discharge nozzle, a mixing chamber constructed
and arranged to receive the jet of vaporized hydro-carbon, and mix air' therewith,
and an incandescent burner located below the mixing chamber and adjacent to
the vaporizing tube, of a pipe or conduit for conveying the mixed air and vapor
from the mixing chamber, downwardly to the incandescent burner, substantially
as set forth.
8. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube provided at one end with a discharge nozzle, a valve for regulating the dis-
charge of the vapor, means for regulating the supply of oil to the tube, and a
mixing chamber for receiving and mixing vapor and air, of an incandescent
burner arranged to impart its heat directly to the vaporizing tube, and a pipe for
conveying the mixed vapor and air from the mixing chamber to the incandescent
burner, substantially as set forth.
9. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a continuous
straight vaporizing tube provided at one end with a discharge nozzle, a valve for
regulating the discharge of vapor, and a mixing chamber constructed and
arranged to receive the jet of vapor and commingle air therewith, of an incan-
descent burner arranged to impart heat directly to the vaporizing tube, and to the
mixed air and vapor, substantially as set forth.
.....10. In a hydro-carbon-incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube provided with a needle valve for regulating the discharge of vapor, a mixing
chamber constructed and arranged to receive the jet of vapor and commingle air
therewith, and a supply pipe for conveying the mixed vapor and oil to the burner,
of an incandescent burner arranged to impart heat directly and substantially
throughout its entire length; to both the vaporizing tube and the said supply pipe,
substantially as set forth....
11. In a hydro-carbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube and mixing chamber constructed to receive the jet of vaporized oil and draw
into and mix therewith. a supply of outer: air, and then to heat said mixture on its
passage to the burner, of an incandescent burner arranged throughout its length
in close proximity to the vaporizing tube whereby the oil therein is highly heated,
substantially as set forth.
12. In a hydro-carbon incandescent. lamp, the combination with a vaporizing
tube, mixing chamber provided with air inlets, and a pipe for conveying mixed
vapor and air to the burner, of an incandescent burner arranged to impart its heat
directly to the vaporizing tube, and to heat the mixing chamber, the air supplied
thereto, and the nipe through which the mixed oil and vapor is conveyed to the
burner, substantially as set forth..