AN IMPROVED MODE OF COATING AND UNITING METALS WITH METALS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Paterson Smith, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
COATING AND UNITING METALS WITH METALS."
Sealed the 22nd May 1868, and dated the 26th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Paterson Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th November 1867.
I, JOHN PATERSON SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF COATING AND UNITING METALS WITH METALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a new and improved mode of causing one kind or
quality of metal or metallic alloy to unite with an adbere firmly to another
kind or quality of metal or metallic alloy. The two kinds or qualities of metal
or metallic alloy are brought together whilst in the molten or liquid condition
by casting or pouring the one over or in contact with the other, either in
moulds to form articles of any desired shape which afterwards simply require
dressing and finishing to be ready for use, or in ingots or blocks to be ham-
mered or rolled out into the required form. By proceeding in this way I
have found that the said metals and alloys where they come in contact with or
meet each other comingle to such an extent that it is impossible to separate
them by any known mechanical agents or means, and that a coating of an

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Paterson Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN PATER-
SON SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Paterson Smith, Her special license that I, the said John
Paterson Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Paterson Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF COATING AND UNITING METALS WITH METALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Paterson Smith, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Paterson Smith, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to a new and improved mode of causing one kind or
quality of metal or metallic alloy to unite with and adhere firmly to another
kind or quality of metal or metallic alloy. The two kinds or qualities of
metal or metallic alloy are brought together whilst in the molten or liquid
condition by casting or pouring the one over or in contact with the other,
either in moulds to form articles of any desired shape which afterwards simply
require dressing and finishing to be ready for use, or in ingots or blocks to be

page_text: hammered or rolled out into the required form. By proceeding in this way I
have found that the said metals and alloys where they come in contact with or
meet each other comingle to such an extent that it is impossible to separate them
by any known mechanical agents or means and that a coating of an expensive
metal or alloy of any desired thickness can be given to an inferior metal or alloy.
Others skilled in the art of casting metals will be enabled to carry my said
improvements in successful operation with the appliances at present in use,
attention being paid to the following:-First, the heavier and superior metal
should always be poured first so that it will remain at the bottom of the mould
and constitute when the casting is turned out the face thereof, and second, the
bottom of the gate or way for the entrance of the lighter and inferior metal
should be formed at or terminate at a point not lower than the upper surface
of the heavier and superior metal. In practice it is convenient to form the
gates or ways for the different kinds or qualities of metal at opposite ends of
the moulds.
As since the filing of my Provisional Specification I have ascertained
attempts have been made to cause lead and tin and other soft metals to unite
by pouring a liquid over a solid metal so as to fuse the surface of the latter
and make the two unite, and as such metals may in some cases have united
although imperfectly, I would here state that I do not claim effecting the
union of soft metals by bringing one kind or quality into contact with another
whilst both are in the molten state; what I claim as the Invention the nature
and particulars of which are herein-before described is coating or uniting one
kind or quality of hard metal with another kind or quality of hard metal by
superimposing or bringing them into contact with each other when both are in
the molten state.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Paterson Smith, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
JOHN PATERSON SMITH. (L.B.)