IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING COMPRESSED BRICKS, TILES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Whittaker, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING COMPRESSED BRICKS, TILES, OR OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES.
"
Sealed the 27th April 1875, and dated the 29th October 1874.
E
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Whittaker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th October 1874.
I, JAMES WHITTAKER, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING COMPRESSED BRICKS,
TILES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a special construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for making compressed bricks, tiles, or other
similar articles from granulated or pulverized clay. The machinery is
arranged both single and double, so as to make one, two, or more bricks,

page_text: tiles, or other, articles during one revolution of the principal or main
shaft of the machine, and consists in having two shafts connected by
spur gearing, with suitable gearing applied from the first motion to the
principal shaft of machine, which is geared by means of a spur wheel
into another spur wheel on a second or top shaft, so as to give it two
revolutions for one of the principal shafts. The shafts are mounted
on framework arranged for receiving a mould box or boxes wherein
to compress bricks or other similar articles, there being a table for
self-acting clay charger to slide so as to push off the finished articles
and recharge the moulds. On the principal shaft there are cams, if for
a double machine, fixed at opposite centres to each other, with two lifts
for raising a piston to give pressure for forming the bottoms of the
articles moulded, there being a third lift for raising them slightly, and a
fourth for lifting the piston level with the top of the table ready for
charger for pushing off the articles and refilling the moulds. On the
principal shaft is also fixed cams at opposite centres, with levers for
working charger to push off the articles and refill the moulds. On the
second or top shaft are fixed cranks at opposite centres, to which are
attached connecting arms and blocks to work in adjustable V slides with
piston attached for forming the top of the articles to be pressed. The
first lift on cam on the principal shaft is exactly at the full lift when the
crank is passing the bottom centre, thereby giving the first double
pressure from the principal top shafts jointly. The next lift on the cam
slightly raises the articles when the crank moves upwards to the top
centre, when the crank at the opposite end is at the bottom performing
the same work as previously described, during which time the first
articles have bad time to discharge the air, and are prepared for receiving
pressure by means of the slight elevation given, and the other lift on
cam meeting the crank at the bottom centre of the second revolution,
thereby giving a second double finishing pressure, when by the fourth
lift the cam forces the piston level with the table top. The articles are
pushed off by the charger, the bottom piston falling from the cam lift
and allowing space in the moulds to be refilled, and during this process
the other side is performing the work which this has passed through,
and so on continuously during the work of the machine.
The charger is only allowed to supply a definite quantity of granulated
clay to the moulds by there being two screws with gib heads, worked in
slides by means of bevil gearing and hand wheel, which can be raised

page_text: and lowered so as to stop the bottom piston at any depth in the mould,
thereby allowing only a definite quantity of granulated clay to enter.
Steam can be applied to top and bottom pistons.or moulds, as may be
required.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said James
Whittaker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WHITTAKER, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Whittaker, Her
special license, that I, the said James Whittaker, my executors, admi-·
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Whittaker,'
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING COMPRESSED BRICKS,
TILES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others).
that I, the said James Whittaker, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
VAM ZVA
T

page_text: following statement, reference being had to the figures on the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a special construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for making compressed bricks, tiles, or other
similar articles from granulated or pulverized clay, the machinery being
arranged both single and double, so as to make one, two, or more bricks,
tiles, or other articles during one revolution of the principal shaft of the
machine.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figs. 1 and 2 are side
and front elevations of a double machine, and Fig. 3 a side elevation of
a single machine, and in all the Figures similar letters refer to similar
parts.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the framework of cach machine is marked a and
the main or principal shaft b, fitted to pedestals c fixed to the lower part
of the framework. To the shaft is fixed the large spur wheel & gearing
into a pinion on the shaft e carrying the spur wheel gearing into a
pinion on the first motion shaft y carrying the fast and loose pulleys h, h,
and to the large wheel & is geared a wheel i fixed to the shaft & fitted to
bearings at the top of the framework, the diameters of the wheels i, d,
being as one to two, so that the top shaft shall have two revolutions for
one of the principal shaft. The framework a in Figs. 1 and 2 is arranged
for receiving four mould boxes wherein to compress bricks or other
similar articles, there being in the single machine, Fig. 3, only two
boxes, and to the framework a is fixed a table m, on which there is a
self-acting sliding clay charger n used for charging and recharging the
moulds with clay from the hopper o and pushing off the finished
articles. On the principal shaft b, Figs. 1 and 2, there are two cams p
fixed at opposite centres to each other, and on the shaft b, Fig. 3, one
cam p, each cam having one lift for raising a piston q working in
parallel guides to give pressure for forming the bottoms of the articles
moulded, a second lift for raising them slightly, and a third lift for
lifting the piston level with the top of the table m ready for the charger n
for pushing off the articles and refilling the moulds. On the principal
shaft b, Figs. 1 and 2, are fixed internal cams s at opposite centres,
which act on levers for working the charger n so as to push off the
articles and refill the moulds, and on the second or top shaft are fixed
'

page_text: .
cranks at opposite centres, to which are attached connecting arms v
and blocks w working in adjustable V slides with pistons attached for
forming the tops of the articles to be pressed. The first lift of each
cam p on the principal shaft b is in full action when the crank u is.
passing the bottom centre, thereby giving the first double pressure from
the principal and top shafts jointly; the next lift on the cam slightly
raises the articles when the crank moves upwards to the top centre,
when the crank at the opposite end is at the bottom performing the
same work, as previously described, during which time the first articles
have had time to discharge the air, and are prepared for receiving
pressure by means of the slight clevation given when the second lift on
each cam meets the crank at the bottom centre of the second revolution,
thereby giving a second double finishing pressure, and by the third lift
the cam forces the piston level with the table top, the articles are pushed
off by the charger, the bottom piston falling from the cam lift and
allowing space in the moulds to be refilled, and during this process the
other side is performing the work which this has passed through, and so
on continuously during the working of the machine.
The charger is only allowed to supply à definite quantity of granu-
lated clay to the moulds, there being two screws with gib heads a¹
worked in slides by means of bevil gearing 6' and hand wheels c², which
can be raised and lowered so as to stop the bottom piston at any depth
in the mould, thereby allowing only a definite quantity of granulated
clay to enter, and steam can be applied to the top and bottom pistons or
moulds as may be required.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be or may be performed, I desire it
to be understood that I claim,-
First. The arrangement in both single and double machines of giving
two revolutions of the crank shaft, and therefore two pressures of the
top piston, for one revolution of the principal or main shaft and one to-
and-fro movement of the charger.
Secondly. The employment of cranks at opposite centres in the
double machine in order to maintain the equilibrum of the moving parts
and lessen the power required for working.
Thirdly. The arrangement of screws with gib heads worked by bevil
gearing and hand wheels for the purpose of regulating the supply of
material according to its temperature.

page_text: And, Fourthly. The general arrangement of the single and double
machines for making compressed bricks, tiles, or other similar articles,
as such improvements are herein described and illustrated on the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
:
In witness whereof, I, the said James Whittaker, have here.
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy--
five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Whittaker,
in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
•
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES WHITTAKER. (L.s.)