IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVE GRATES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Bagnall, of Masbro', Yorkshire,.
Stove Grate Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVE
GRATES."
Sealed the 16th November 1858, and dated the 17th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Bagnall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1858.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BAGNALL, of Masbro', Yorkshire, Stove Grate Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOVE GRATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of stove grate, in which, by
the peculiar arrangement and combination of the parts, I am enabled to secure
advantages not possessed by any other stove grate heretofore in use.
It consists in projecting an ornamental moulding or hot-air chamber and
the fire-grate before or in advance of the front plate, such projecting chamber
being formed around the grate containing the fuel, but not connected there-
with, nor liable to receive the smoke or products of combustion, so that the
air admitted to the heating chamber is uninjured and unimpaired thereby. I
employ the inner face or surface exposed to the fire for reflecting the heat and
light produced by the combustion of the fuel in the grate, and I prefer to

page_text: employ a number of glass prisms, placed in suitable seats made to receive
them, although other reflecting bodies or surfaces may be employed for the
same purpose.
I place these radially around the fire-grate upon the inner or
reflecting surface of the hollow moulding or chamber, and also upon the hearth
plate, which I construct and fix at a suitable angle, to radiate properly or
most effectively the heat and light produced by the combustion of the fuel.
I prefer to cast the fuel-bearing part of the fire-grate and the canopy in one
piece, and the flue in a separate piece; and where the form of the stove grate
admits thereof, I prefer to divide the flue immediately behind the grate into
two parts, branching from cach side of the fire place, and uniting above but
behind it, and thus aid or effect perfect combustion, and ensure, more or less,
the prevention of smoke, and by means of a valve or damper I can regulato
the draught at discretion.
Around or in the upper side of the projecting heating chamber which
surrounds the fire-grate, I form suitable openings for the egress of air, which
having entered below, or at the sides, has become heated, and is thus permitted
to disseminate the heat thus received throughout the room.
In adapting this Invention to circular designs (which I prefer for the pur-
pose, although it may be applied as easily to any other form of grate,) I
employ the ordinary square flat plate, of a shape and size suited to the opening
it is intended to fill, and the projecting chamber may bo cast thereon, or fitted
thereto, of any suitable section or form, and may be ornamented in any
suitable manner according to the taste of the designer or the purpose for
which the stove grato has to be applied, but I prefer to give the inner face or
surface such an angle as shall best reflect the heat and light from the grate
into the apartment, and I arrange or apply the radiating reflectors, whether
of glass or other material, so that they shall more effectively reflect the heat
and light into the apartment. In a grate of this form, I so construct the ash-
pan as to form part of the design, and, where desirable, continue the character
of the other parts of the stove front or chamber throughout. I also adapt the
same arrangement of reflectors used in the stove front to the metal hearth plate,
and take advantage of the character given to the upper surface of the
projecting chamber or hollow moulding, by the perforations for emitting the
warm air therefrom, to admit the cold air for the purpose of rarefaction.
I adapt the same construction and arrangement of parts to other forms of
stove grates, whether ornamental or plain. The effect produced by the
external arrangement of the parts, as described, being what I have denomi-
nated as that of a "crystal sun stove."

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Bagnall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY BAGNALL, of Masbro', Yorkshire, Stove Grate Manufacturer, send.
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Henry Bagnall, Her special licence that I, the
said William Henry Bagnall, executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said William Henry Bagnall, .executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVE GRATES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Bagnall, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the sid
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Bagnall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawing:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of stove grate, in which by
the peculiar arrangement and combination of the parts I am enabled to secure
advantages not possessed by any other stove grate heretofore in use. It
consists in projecting an ornamental moulding or hot air chamber, and the
fire grate before or in advance of the front plate; such projecting chamber.
being formed around the grate containing the fuel, but not connected there-
with nor liable to receive the smoke or products of combustion, so that the
air admitted to the heating chamber is uninjured and unimpaired thereby,
I employ the inner face or surface exposed to the fire for reflecting the heat
and light produced by the combustion of the fuel in the grate, and I prefer

page_text: to employ a number of glass prisms placed in suitable seats made to receive
them, although other reflecting bodies or surfaces may be employed for the
same purpose. I place these radially around the fire-grate upon the inner or
reflecting surface of the hollow moulding or chamber, and also upon the
hearth plate, which I construct and fix at a suitable angle to radiate
properly or most effectively the heat and light produced by the combustion of
he fuel.
in
I prefer to cast the fuel-bearing part of the fire-grate and the canopy
one piece, and the fluc in a separate piece; and where the form of the stove-
grate admits thereof, I prefer to divide the flue immediately behind the grate-
into two parts branching from each side of the fire-place and uniting above
but behind it, and thus aid or effect perfect combustion, and ensure thereby
more or less the prevention of smoke, and by means of a valve or damper I
can regulate the draught at discretion.
Around or in the upper side of the projecting heating chamber, which
surround the fire-grate, I formn suitable openings for the egress of air,
which having entered below or at the sides has become heated, and is thus
permitted to disseminate the heat thus received throughout the room.
In adapting this Invention to circular designs (which I prefer for the
purpose, although it may be applied as easily to any other form of grate) I
employ the ordinary square flat plate of a shape and size suited to the opening
it is intended to fill, and the projecting chamber may be cast thereon or fitted
thereto of any suitable section or form, and may be ornamented in any suitable
imanner, according to the taste of the designer or the purpose for which the
.stove grate has to be applied, but I prefer to give the inner face or surface
such an angle as shall best reflect the heat and light from the grate into the
apartment, and I arrange or apply the radiating reflectors, whether of glass or
other material, so that they shall more effectively reflect the heat and light into
the apartment. In a grate of this form I so construct the ash-pan as to form
part of the design, and where desirable continue the 'character of the other parts
of the stove front or chamber throughout. I also adapt the same arrange-
ment of reflectors used in the stove front to the metal hearth plate, and take
advantage of the character given to the upper surface of the projecting
chamber or hollow moulding by the perforations emitting the warm air there-
from, to admit the cold air for the purpose of rarefaction.
I adapt the same construction and arrangement of parts to other forms of
stove grates, whether ornamental or plain, the effect produced by the external
arrangement of the parts as described being what I have denominated as that
of a "crystal sun stove."
r

page_text: For the purpose of illustrating my said Invention, I have in the accom-
panying Drawing preferred to exhibit its application to an ordinary and well-
known form or style of ornamental stove grate, although it is equally applicable
to any other shape, style, or design, and its adaptation thereto will readily
be understood by persons conversant with the construction and manufacture of
stove grates.
In Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing I have shewn a perspective or
bird's-eye view of an ornamental stove grate, with an ornamental ash-pan and
reflecting hearth plate drawn in the manner usual and as understood amongst
stove grate makers. In this Figure the circular blower (afterwards referred
to) is shown as not drawn forward; Fig. 2 is a vertical section, exhibiting in
outline the coutour of the stove grate which refers to and will accord
with the style of grate illustrated by Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is an elevational
view of one half of a stove grate corresponding in style and dimensions with
Fig. 1.
In Figs. 2 and 3 the same letters of reference apply to corresponding parts
in cach Fig.; a is the front plate extending from top to bottom of the chimney
opening, and occupying the width thereof; b is a smoke flue which may either
be cast of the width of the fire-grate with a mouth shape in section, or of
any other form, or of a breeches shape, forming a junction into the smoke pipe
or flue in any convenient part of the uprise; and it may be cast as part of the
front plate, or may be cast seperately and fastened thereto; c is the air-chamber
formed above and around the fire-grate, and shewn as projecting forward from
the face of the front plate a; around the lower face i a series of openings may
either be cast therein as seatings for the moveable, reflecting, and radiating bodies
to be introduced therein; or cells, or cored recesses, or seats may be arranged
for receiving the reflectors or radiators, and they may be secured in their
places by means of an inner and an outer circular moulding, which rings may
be afterwards fixed in their places, and so secure the reflectors and permit of
their being readily removed for cleansing and for other purposes in the upper
face or outer side of the air-chamber c, as at j, a series of openings of any
suitable size and form or design may be cast therein for to permit the egress
of the air, which having been admitted at the lower part of the air-chamber
becomes heated and rarified, and passes through the openings into the apart-
ment; d is a valve introduced into the flue pipe for the purpose of regulating
the draft; e is a blower or draft plate, which in Fig. 2 is shewn drawn forward
and pulled downward to a portion of its extent for the purpose of increasing
the draft, whilst in Figs. 1 and 3 it is shewn as thrown back and out of use;
fis the bottom grate upon which the fuel rests; y the front grate or bars;

page_text: ha pan or tray for receiving the ashes which may fall through the bottom
grate or through the ornamental front of the ash-pan 1; k is the fire brick or
lump or back piece of the grate; 1 being the ornamental front of ash-pan, and
m the hearth plate, which is shewn as fitted with the reflectors or radiators
herein described.
Either crystal glass, opaque, white or colored glass prisms may be used, as
glass is to be preferred to most other materials; although enamelled porcelain
or metallic surfaces may be introduced; these may be secured in their places,
either by projecting their faces through openings of a suitable size and form
from behind, and be secured in their places by distinct and seperate fastenings,
or by means of one or more bars securing one or both ends; or a suitable.
casting or a frame to receive the whole of the prisms may be applied behind.
the front plate of the air-chamber, the hearth plate, or any other part through
which it is desired the reflectors shall appear; or the recesses or seats may be
cast, and the reflectors or distributors may be put in from the front, and
secured seperately or together by means of mouldings at their ends or by any
other convenient means; thus facilities are afforded for removal in case of
accident, or for the purpose of cleansing one or all of the reflectors or radiators
when it is desired.
For the facility of casting or constructing stove grates according to my
Invention, any two or more of the parts thereof may be cast together or
seperately, as may be most convenient for the purpose of producing them
cheaply or conveniently, or as may be necessitated by the peculiar form, design,
or construction thereof.
Having now described my Invention, and by way of illustrating its appli-
cation to an ordinary form of ornamental stove grate have shewn in the.
accompanying Drawing three views thereof, I wish it to be understood that
I do not claim the use or combination of an air chamber with a stove grate
however constructed, formed, or applied, as air chambers have been variously
contrived and arranged heretofore; nor do I claim the introduction of or the
insertion of plain or ornamented porcelain or slate slabs and panels into the
sides of or other parts of stove grates for the purpose of ornamenting the same,
as this has also been done heretofore.
I therefore claim, first, the novel construction of stove grates as herein.
described, whatever the shape or configuration given to the air chamber and.
ornamental parts thereof.
Second, the use of distinct, seperate, and moveable lustres, reflecting prisms,
or radiating surfaces, whether of crystal or other glass, or other suitable
material, mounted, secured, or held in suitable cells, recesses, or frames, cast

page_text: or formed for the purpose of receiving and holding them, in stove grates and
their accessories.
Third, the combination of an air chamber projecting before the line of the
stove front-plate, and above and surrounding the fire-grate, with an ash-pan
as herein described, whether the moveable reflectors and radiators and
the hearth plate herein described or either of them be used in combination
therewith.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Bagnall have hercunto
set my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
JOHN BACON,
16, Clifton Bank,
Rotherham.
WILLIAM HENRY BAGNALL. (L.S.)