matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE, GAUZE, NET, OR ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Narcisse Legendre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1866.
I, NARCISSE LEGENDRE, of Calais, in the Empire of France, Lace Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE, GAUZE, NET, OR ELASTIC FABRICS,'
bo as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of lace, gauze, net, or
elastic fabrics consists in adapting to a lace-making machine horizontal
guide bars for introducing above the heads of the ordinary bobbin carriages.
supplementary or additional threads, which are laid in across the fabric.
In carrying out the Invention the additional threads are wound on large
vertical bobbins placed in any convenient part of the machine, and passed
through eyes at the upper end of travelling thread carriers, which are attached
to the horizontal guide bars above mentioned, and to which a transverse
motion is communicated by means of levers acted on by cams or other suitable
mechanism connected with the driving shaft. I find it convenient to introduce
two horizontal threads, and therefore employ two thread carriers with their
guide bars. When these additional threads are introduced by the passage of
the thread carriers across the machine, a series of points are brought under
the cross threads, which may be called the weft threads, and the latter are
thereby lifted up to the work just as the reed of an ordinary loom beats up
the weft when thrown in by a shuttle. The next cross of the ordinary bobbin

page_text: carriages of the lace-making machinery will secure these weft threads, and
the fabric produced will have very much the appearance of a solid fabric.
In order to adopt this Invention to an ordinary lace machine, a certain
number of the bobbin carriages and points must be removed at each end in
order to give room for the thread carriers.
The Invention is applicable to any kind of lace-making machinery in which
bobbins and carriages are employed, and by means of the Invention either
light gauze-like fabrics may be made, or strong solid fabrics, such as woollen
cloth, may be produced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BUTTONS, AND IN THE ATTACHMENT OF BUTTONS TO GARMENTS AND FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1866.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of Carnarvon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUTTONS, AND IN THE ATTACHMENT OF BUTTONS TO GARMENTS AND
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
In the attachment of buttons to fabrics by pressure (whether metal, pearl,
or covered buttons,) no provision has yet been made for regulating their
position axially, for the simple reason that hitherto it has not been con-
templated to adapt the principle specially to "regulation buttons," or buttons
carrying a symbolical initial or other significant device, and requiring to be
fixed with the device upright.. I now, however, propose to give to the shank
of such buttons a U shape, making the legs of the U project through the
back of the button.
In applying the button to a garment I first insert two metal eyelets in the
fabric, at suitable distances apart, to receive the legs of the shank, and having
entered the legs in the eyelet holes I either turn down or expand the ends of
the legs, and thus form a secure fastening, after the manner of my Patent
of October 25th 1865, No. 2753. By thus constructing and securing the
buttons I not only ensure its taking the right axial position when being
affixed, but I also effectually prevent it from turning, and thereby losing its
due-position with respect to the device which it bears.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1866.
I, JOHN HAMILTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL FOR HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention, which has for its essential object the production of a
highly efficient fuel, is composed as follows:-The proportions given having
been found to produce good results, one ton of finely sifted anthracite coal or
other screened or pulverized bituminous coal known as duff or culm, two
hundredweights of sawdust and 40 gallons of heated coal tar or other
material, such as the still "bottoms" or residuum left after the distillation of
mineral oils. In manufacturing the improved fuel from the above-mentioned
materials the sifted coal and sawdust are mixed together, and the coal tar or
other residuum as above mentioned is poured thereon in a heated state; when
thus compounded the whole of the ingredients are thoroughly combined and
commingled by hand or any suitable mechanical means. When thoroughly
combined the admixture is allowed to stand for twenty-four hours or there-
abouts before being used as fuel. The fuel may be pressed into the form of

page_text: bricks, or used in a loose state. By heating the oil before mixing with the
coal and sawdust the spirit and light oils which are injurious are got rid of,
and the necessity for drying the fuel in ovens or in any other manner is
avoided. The admixture under the present Invention is more complete in
both its combination and action, giving off greater heat than other fuels, at the
same time the sawdust holding in it a larger proportion of oxygen, combustion
is thereby assisted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THAT CLASS OF FURNACE FIRE-GRATES ON WHICH THE FUEL IS MADE TO TRAVEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Vicars the elder and
Thomas Vicars the younger, and James Smith, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th October 1866.
We, THOMAS VICARS the elder and THOMAS VICARS the younger, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, and JAMES SMITH, of the
same Place, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THAT CLASS OF FURNACE FIRE-GRATES ON
WHICH THE FUEL IS MADE TO TRAVEL," to be as follows:-
Those furnace fire-grates, the fuel-bearing surfaces or bars of which travel
in one direction, or have an intermittent or other motion of such a character
as shall cause the fuel thereon to travel towards the end of the furnace, we
form or construct with one or more hollow pieces or tubes to convey air, say,
through the door of the furnace into and amongst the fuel; or we apply or
connect to the fuel-bearing surfaces or bars a tube or tubes, and thereby
convey air into the furnace and deliver it amongst the burning fuel. The said
hollow pieces or tubes may be perforated or have openings formed therein, so as
to distribute the air over a larger surface.
By the employment of the means above mentioned we obtain more heat
from a given quantity of fuel than has been attainable hitherto in these fire-
grates, and amongst other advantages make the fuel-bearing surfaces or bars
last longer.

page_text: We would have it understood that the furnace-fire-grates which we prefer
to use with the above improvements, the nature whereof is set forth, are
those for which William Ashley Wilson and the above-named James Smith
obtained Letters Patent of date the 8th day of September, A.D. 1863,
No. 2206.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES OF JOINTING AND CONNECTING TOGETHER ARMOUR PLATES USED FOR COVERING AND DEFENDING SHIPS, SHIPS' TURRETS, OR BATTERIES ON LAND, AGAINST THE EFFECT OF SHOT
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir John Benson, Knight, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1866.
I, Sir JOHN BENSON, Knight, of the City of Cork, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROCESSES OF JOINTING AND CONNECTING TOGETHER ARMOUR PLATES USED FOR
COVERING AND DEFENDING SHIPS, SHIPS' TURRETS, OR BATTERIES ON LAND, AGAINST
THE EFFECT OF SHOT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in dovetailing together the adjoining edges of
armour plates by continuous dovetails between them, interlocking them in
such mode as to form a continuous plate of equal or unequal thickness, as
needed, without the use of the bolts, and nuts, or rivets commonly used, or in
combination with such bolts, and nuts, or rivets. And the same plan is
applicable to the coverings or decks of vessels, or turrets, or batteries on land
or sea.
AN IMPROVED STEAM ROLLER FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1866.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Marsh Gate Lane, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, for "AN IMPROVED
STEAM ROLLER FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain combinations and arrangements of
mechanism whereby a steam roller adapted to agricultural operations is
obtained, which possesses advantages superior to those of the rollers ordinarily
employed. The roller consists of a cylinder of any desired diameter, and
formed by preference of wrought iron, in the interior of which is or are fixed
a ring or rings, the same being provided with teeth or cogs, so as to form
a circular rack or racks in the interior of the cylinder. For the purpose of
obtaining the requisite motive power a steam boiler and engine of any suitable
size and of any principle of construction adapted for the purpose are intro-
duced into the interior of the cylinder, in which they are suspended upon or
kept in the requisite position by means of a shaft fixed to or working in
suitable bearings placed at each end of the cylinder for that purpose. The
engine is provided with toothed or cog wheels, which are set in motion thereby
and gear into the before-mentioned toothed ring or rings. Upon the wheels
being set in motion by the steam engine the cylinder will be caused to
revolve, and will be propelled according to the direction in which the wheels
may be turned. Instead of constructing the roller of one cylinder only the
same may consist of two or more cylinders connected together, each of such

page_text: cylinders being furnished with one or more toothed rings in the interior
thereof gearing into toothed or cog wheels actuated by the steam engine as
before-mentioned. In cases in which the roller consists of two or more
cylinders the same may be guided and the direction of motion changed by
operating upon the toothed ring or rings nearest to either end of the roller,
the other ring or rings being thrown out of gear, the effect thereof being to
cause the roller to move in a direction corresponding to that in which the
power is applied. The roller may also be guided by having a steering wheel
or wheels placed in connection therewith and capable of moving in any
direction as already well known.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jones Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1866.
I, THOMAS JONES SMITH, of Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of working the steam
expansively, and to a method of cutting off the steam variably.
The improvements consist, first, in the employment in lieu of the ecentric
of the slide valve ordinarily used of a cam of peculiar form which works
against two friction rollers, whereby a uniform motion is obtained; this cam
is fitted on the main shaft, and the friction rollers on the rod in connection
with the slide valve. Second, in dividing the rod which is in connection with
the slide valve into two or more parts by means of one or more oscillating
levers, on one side of which is a hole, through which a bolt is passed to form
the connection between the lever and the rod; on the other side of the lever
a long slot is formed, and a screw passes through the top to act upon and
raise or depress the other portion of the connecting rod immediately adjacent
to the slide valve joint, in order to shorten or lengthen the leverage, and
consequently increase or diminish the stroke of the valve. The action of the
peculiar shaped cam is such as to cause the valve to have a temporary stop,

page_text: thereby allowing the steam to expand and at the same time giving a full
exhaust. This action may be used in combination or not with that of the
lever, and thus a complete command is given over the opening of the ports.
The cam is somewhat of a heart shape, one side being a little fuller than the
other, and all lines drawn through the centre of the shaft on which it is mounted
to diametrically opposite parts of the edge of the cam are of equal length.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORTICULTURAL GLASS HOUSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cranston at the Office
of tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1866.
I, JAMES CRANSTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORTICULTURAL GLASS HOUSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
I propose to construct a simple and economical form of glass house by
binging together ordinary sash frames in such manner and by so connecting
them to the wood sill plates and uprights of the structure as to admit of the
house being opened right and left at the ridge or other apex of the roof, so as
to allow a passage down the centre when required, the whole being capable of
closing by drawing together the two sides of the house. The parts of which
the structure consists are, a double sill or sole plate one above the other all
round the house, with space for admission of air between them. To the
upper sole plate the sash lights are hinged, these are again hinged to cach
other, and the top one on either side is hinged to the uprights, the uprights
being also hinged to the top sole plate. This arrangement admits, as before
stated, of separating the two sides of the house at the ridge, and throwing
them back right and left to afford room for passage down the centre, the
object of this mode of construction being to reduce the cost of such erections,
whilst they are at the same portable, and put together without trouble.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE GUARD AND PASSENGERS OR ANY OTHER PERSONS IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE OR TRAIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hoffman and George
Rowe Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th August 1866.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, Gentleman, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and GEORGE ROWE WILSON, India-rubber Manufacturer, of the
same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE GUARD AND PASSENGERS OR ANY OTHER
PERSONS IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE OR TRAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for improvements in the method of communication
between the guard and passengers or other persons in a train of railway
carriages in motion or at rest by means of an acoustic instrument shaped as a
broad-mouthed bell, or otherwise, carrying the sound imparted by passengers
or other persons to it into tubes of iron, india-rubber, or other material, and
sending it on to either end of the train to guard or driver, or vice versa, thus
affording to them means for inquiry or assistance as well as for conveying
intelligence or warning to each other mutually. On reaching either end of
the train the sound passes through a bell-mouthed exit, trumpet shaped or
otherwise, and is made to impinge upon a reverberatory plate, by which an
amount of loudness is attained sufficient to ensure attention. The tubes are
made flexible where required, and lengthened and adjusted with couplings by
screwing or otherwise to suit the length of the train, the motion of the
carriages, or other changes consequent to railway traffic. In order to indicate
the compartment whence the communication or warning emanated the broad-

page_text: mouthed bell-shaped instrument or receiver of sound is closed by a plug, plate,
or cap made of iron, wood, india-rubber, or any other suitable material placed
in connection with a lever attached to a spring at the roof or other convenient
place of the carriage; this lever, when pulled, not only opens the receiver
but also disengages the spring, which causes a flag or any other suitable sign
project. It will be readily understood that when a passenger or other
person once opens the apparatus, though he may be able to replace the lever,
the flag or other suitable sign would remain stationary, and the carriage and
its compartment would be easily detected. The apparatus may be used either
with or without the plug, plate, or cap, and flag or other suitable signs,
and by having the number of the carriage or compartment conspicuously
marked near the receiver the passenger or other person may name the number
when he communicates with the guard or other person.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING SUSPENDED ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Jobson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1866
I, ROBERT JOBSON, of Dudley, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING SUSPENDED ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for holding
suspended electric telegraph wules. When supporting suspended electric
telegraph wires and insulating them one from the other and from the earth,
it is desirable that the wires in addition to being supported should be held at
more frequent intervals than at present from moving or slipping on the
supports.
My improvements consist in applying to each or to such number of the
supports as may be desired, eccentric nipping apparatus or instruments which
will prevent the wire slipping on the supports, whether such supports be on
the insulators, or on the metal or other caps or hoods, or other instruments
placed over or near the insulators. Ordinanly the nipping instruments used
by me are arranged in such manner that the nipping instrument at one
support of a wire prevents the wire resting thereon from slipping or moving
in one direction, whilst it allows the wire to slip or move in the opposite
direction, and the nipping instrument at the next support of the wire prevents
it slipping or moving in the direction in which it is permitted to slip or move
by the previous one, whilst it permits the wire to slip or move in the opposite
duection, and so on in regard to the succeeding points of support
Hence it

page_text: will be understood that each wire will be held from sliding or moving on the
points of support more often than heretofore has been the case.
In some cases the nipping apparatus is arranged to hold the wire from
slipping or moving in either direction by having two nipping instruments
acting in opposite directions at each point of support, or a single nipping
instrument arranged to be double acting by having two eccentric surfaces.
Each nipping instrument is placed on an axis or stud fixed to the hood or cap,
or insulator, or contiguous thereto, and the surface which comes in contact with
the wire is eccentric, so that in one direction the wire is securely nipped
between the support and the eccentric nipping instrument. These nipping
instruments not only retain the wires from slipping or moving lengthwise of
the wires on the points of support, but they prevent the wires rising out of
the notches or recesses in the points of support, and where it is not desired
to nip the wires at the points of support concentric wheels or pullies may be
placed on the axes over the points of support, which will allow the wires to
slip or move on their supports in either direction longitudinally, but will
prevent them rising out of the notches or recesses in the supports
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING HEAT TO CERTAIN PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1866. A communication from Emile Duroux, Merchant, residing
at Saint Etienne, in the Departeinent of the Loire, Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
APPLYING HEAT TO CERTAIN PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY," communicated to me
by Emile Duroux, Merchant, a person residing at Saint Etienne, in the
Departement of the Loire, and Empire of France aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for applying heat to the
feet and legs. It consists of a cylinder of suitable form and dimensions for
receiving the legs and feet, which are to be introduced from the upper part.
Its lower end is provided with a receptacle for boiling or hot water, on
which the feet are placed. The upper end is then hermetically closed by n
blanket surrounding the legs, and thus the heat developed by the hot water
combining with the natural warmth of the body may be kept up for any length
of time required.
The aforesaid cylinder may be made of tin, copper, or brass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Latter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 26th October
1866.
I, LEONARD LATTER, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Miller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES FOR COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist of apparatus in which break surfaces are applied
to the peripheries of the wheels of a carriage for the purpose of arresting its
progress by the effort of the horses. For this purpose I mount two lever arms
pivoted at their upper ends to a transverse rod fitted in bearings in the frame-
work of the carriage. These lever arms are faced with wood, and are pendant
immediately in front of the hinder wheels (of a four-wheeled carriage); their
lower ends are connected by a second transverse rod or bar, the whole swinging
freely backward and forward on the pivot above mentioned, and so disposed
as to fall backwards a little from contact with the wheels. To the middle of
the lower bar a chain is attached, which is conducted over a pulley fixed behind
the axletree of the hind-wheels, and thence-between-two-upright guides fixed
on the upper surface of the fore axle immediately under the locking plate.
pivot of the vehicle. From this point the connection is carried forward in the
form of a rod disposed under the pole, and is attached to a lever pivoted near

page_text: the point of the pole, to the upper end of which lever the pole chains are
attached. By this arrangement the strain of the horses upon the pole chains
in backing is transmitted through the rod of communication to the break chain
before mentioned, causing the break surfaces to bear against the peripheries
of the wheels, and so stop the vehicle.
By another arrangement of the chain, instead of passing it over a single
pulley and so to the lower transverse bar, it may be forked about midway
between the locking pivot and the hinder axletree, each part being carried
over a pulley approached towards either wheel, and thence conducted direct
to the lower extremities of the break surface levers. If it is desired to back
the carriage without operating the breaks a bolt or other suitable stop is
dropped by the driver into a notch or hole in the connecting bar, which
precludes its moving longitudinally.
In applying this Invention to two-wheeled vehicles two levers similar to
the lever at the point of the pole are placed one on each shaft, to the upper
ends of which levers the breeching is attached, while from the lower ends
chains or rods pass under the shafts, thence over the pulleys to the breaks, and
operating them as before described.
IMPROVED AUTOMATIC MEANS AND APPARATUS TO GIVE WARNING OF THE DANGEROUS EXISTENCE OF FIRE IN WAREHOUSES, SHIPS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND PLACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sacheverell Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1866.
I, JOHN SACHEVERELL GISBORNE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED AUTOMATIC MEANS AND APPARATUS TO GIVE WARNING OF THE DANGEROUS
EXISTENCE OF FIRE IN WAREHOUSES, SHIPS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND PLACES,"
to be as follows:--
On breaking out of fire or dangerous increase of temperature in warehouses,
ships, and other structures and places, or in or amongst merchandize or
property of any kind to or in which my Invention is connected or laid, the fire
or increase of temperature becomes the agent or inducing cause, whereby
electricity is made to give an instantaneous signal or signals, audible or visible,
or both, to the person or persons in charge, or, which I greatly prefer, to the
fire police at the nearest fire-engine station. I take two metallic wires which
are good conductors of electricity, and place them close to each other; in
this position I electrically insulate them by or with gutta percha or other
insulating material liquifiable at low temperatures; I then lay, connect, or
fix the said insulated electric conductors on or to the ceilings or other parts
of structures, or through or amongst goods, thence to the police office or
other place where the signal is to be given. I connect one or both of the said
wires to a galvanic battery; when one only is connected the electric circuit
is not made, and no current reaches the signal end. So soon, however, as the

page_text: gutta percha or insulating material becomes softened or melted by increase of
temperature the wires will touch each other, and thereby allow a current to
pass and operate the signalling apparatus. When the ends of both wires are
connected to the battery then a current passes constantly through to the
signal end; in the event, however, of the wires touching each other, then the
circuit will be shortened, and so cease to reach the signal end, at which time
a signal will be given. Any ordinary audible or visible signal or signals can
be connected or used. Instead of employing the insulated wires and making
the touching each other of these the means of effecting the completing or
shortening of the electric circuit, I sometimes use quicksilver, which I place in
bulbs and tubes of glass or other suitable material, and place these in different
exposed places in structures or amongst goods. Any increase of temperature
causes the quicksilver to rise, come in contact with a conducting wire, and
complete an electric circuit so as to give a signal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR AND OTHER. PINS, AND IN CASES FOR CONTAINING THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Trotman; John Trotman,
and, Thomas John Cole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1866.
We, ADOLPHUS TROTMAN, JOHN TROTMAN, and THOMAS JOHN COLE, all of
Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey, Hair-pin Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAIR AND OTHER. PINS, AND IN CASES FOR CONTAINING THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention applies, first, to hair pins which have in themselves a
tendency to spring open at the points, and so keep in the hair. They are
usually made with heads in a loop. form, the limbs approaching close together
or nearly so at the termination of the loop, but spreading from thence; this
loop head may be of any form, round, oval, rectangular, or otherwise, and our
improvement consists in winding a small wire helically round that part of the
wire of the pin forming the loop or bead, where it is fixed and imparts to.
the limbs of the hair pin a greater tendency to open, and so hold itself more
firmly in the hair. The head has further a more ornamental appearance
and affords a better hold in placing or withdrawing the pins.. Hair also.
enters the loop between the limbs, and is held therein firmly by the coiled
wire. We apply a similar loop head to single pins, that is, with one limb, which

page_text: affords better hold in the fingers for such pins, together with a better
appearance. Wire may be similarly coiled round the loop or head part of hair
pins for the purpose of giving them great tendency to contract or come
together, and thereby keep in position. Instead of the wire being coiled on
the head or loop of the pin, to give it greater spring and hold in the hair, we
also effect the same object by forming the wire of the pin itself into a helical
coil at that part constituting the head, or it may be a double spiral formed
coil, the coiled part being afterwards bent to form the loop head of the pin
of the shape desired. To increase the spring if desired an inner coil may be
introduced of smaller wire, which we prefer to coil. in the opposite direction,
or it might be a piece, of plain wire. Various kinds of hair and dress pins
may be made with similar heads in like manner. We also coil the wire at
the head of the hair pin entirely round one or more times, which imparts,
greater elasticity and power of extension to the limbs. This may also be
obtained in some.degree by bending the wire. of the head zig-zag or otherwise
towards and from the centre, somewhat in a star-like form..
Our improvements in cases consist in forming a case adapted for holding
pins of different sizes, and presenting them so as to be readily taken hold
of, and having partitions which separate and hold several rows placed one
behind the other, the shortest being in front and the increasing. sizes in regular
succession behind. In this manner the lengths are indicated-exactly, and the
heads conveniently presented to take hold of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Waddell and Hugh
Cameron Bell Muir at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th April 1866.
I, CHARLES JAMES WADDELL and HUGH CAMERON BELL MUIR, of the City
of Manchester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in certain improved combinations and arrangements
of vulcanized or other compound of india-rubber, and metal, and glass, or
other substances for producing steam, air, water, and other fluid-tight valves.
In performing our Invention we employ a ring of india-rubber which is sprung
into a recess in the casing, and is acted upon by a metal lid, the seat of the
valve is formed by the contact of the lid with the india-rubber ring. At the
top of the lid a spring of india-rubber can be introduced to prevent concussion
against the guard; when used as a double valve the lid is also made with a
recess to contain a second ring of india-rubber, which is acted upon by a ball
of glass, porcelain, or other suitable substance, or by a second lid, the guard
of which forms the guide for the first; or the seat, casing, and guard are made
of india-rubber, and a ball of glass or other suitable substance after being
sprung through the opening of the guard or causing acts as lid to the valve, or a
ring of india-rubber is sprung over or compressed within the guard and bears
on the perforated seat of the casing; this ring rises to allow the fluid to escape
and drops again when the pressure is removed; two or more such rings and
seats may be combined to act as a compound valve, or a conical or other

page_text: shaped ring of india-rubber fitting in the inside of a metal lid rests upon a per-
forated seat or on a flat seat, or the seat may be a ring of india-rubber sprung
on the casing and acting against a fixed lid, or two rings of india-rubber acting
against each other or on a brass or metal disc may be used, or a hemispherical
ring of india-rubber fitting in a case works on and acts against a hemispherical
seating either perforated or plain; or the seating and lid may be made of
hemispherical or other shaped rings of india-rubber sprung one over the other.
A NEW AND IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF POCKET FOR MALE OR FEMALE ATTIRE, WHEREBY THE PROPERTY CONTAINED THEREIN IS RENDERED SECURE FROM THEFT OR ACCIDENTAL Loss
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George David Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1866.
I, GEORGE DAVID JONES, of Three hundred and fifty, Caledonian Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Draper, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF POCKET FOR
MALE OR FEMALE ATTIRE, WHEREBY THE PROPERTY CONTAINED THEREIN IS RENDERED
SECURE FROM THEFT OR ACCIDENTAL Loss," to be as follows:-
The pockets sought to be secured under this Specification are con-
structed of any textile fabric, metallic or other netting, leather, or other
suitable material, single, double, or treble, or of as many folds or thick-
nesses in themselves, or combined, as may be deemed necessary. That
portion of this combination of parts pertaining to the safety or security I
propose shall be within the outer covering or pocket, and protected at the
opening by a flap, lappett, or other suitable contrivance, beneath or around
which I apply a spring of such form and material as may be best adapted
to the fabric of which the pocket shall be made. By the combination of
the several parts herein-before described, or intended so to be, it is rendered
next to impossible that a thief, however expert, shall by any means what-

page_text: ever abstract the contents of the said pocket without the inevitable conse-
quence of detection. Furthermore, in event of any garment to which these
pockets may be applied being thrown losely or carelessly down, their con-
tents is prevented escaping or falling out, as is fully shewn by the accom-
panying Drawings and references.

page_text: ote The black lines show the outer covering or pocket.
The red lines shew the inner er safety pocket.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR DESTROYING VERMIN ON SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND FOR PRESERVING THEM THEREFROM
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Graham Hope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1866.
I, JOHN GRAHAM ПTOPE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britan, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR DESTROYING VERMIN ON SHEEP
AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND FOR PRESERVING THEM THEREFROM," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to the production of a mixture or composition.
for smearing sheep and other animals for the purpose of destroying vermin,.
and preserving them therefrom, consists as follows:-A quantity of the
brown grease obtained from the refuse of wool is melted in a suitable vessel,.
some gallipoli oil is then added, after which a quantity of cod oil or "foots"
is introduced, as soon as these ingredients are thoroughly mixed some light.
pitch oil is commingled therewith; the composition is now heated up to an
extent varying from 180° to 200° Fahrenheit, after which some naphthaline-
is introduced; the whole mixture is now maintained for a few minutes at
the herein-before mentioned temperature to allow the naphthaline to dissolve,
after which it is run off into receivers and allowed to cool, leaving the com-

page_text: position in a state fit for use. The composition may be applied to the
animals by the hand, a brush, or otherwise. The proportion of the
ingredients which it is preferred to employ, although other proportions may
be used, is as follows, viz., brown grease, two parts; gallipoli oil, half a
part; cod oil or "foots," half a part; light pitch oil, half a part; and 5
naphthaline, one part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF WOOL GUARD COVERINGS OF GILL BOXES FOR THE PREPARING AND DRAWING OF WOOL, SILK, MOHAIR, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pearson Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1866.
I, PEARSON SMIтя, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MAKING OF WOOL GUARD COVERINGS OF GILL BOXES FOR THE PREPARING AND
DRAWING OF WOOL, SILK, MOHAIR, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
It is well known to persons conversant with the construction of such
machinery that the internal driving wheels of gill boxes are covered in or
protected by what is called the back guard or wool guard covering made of
iron, this protects and guides the wool or other fibrous substance which
would otherwise become entangled amongst the wheels. It is frequently
necessary to remove this back guard for the purpose of reaching the internal
wheels, and hitherto the guard has been unscrewed and lifted from the frame-
work of the machine at a considerable loss of time. The present Invention
consists in the manufacture of the back guard or wool guard covering with a
joint or binge so that it can be raised up in the manner of a lid without any
unscrewing, and can be as easily reclosed. The shape of the guard is also
necessarily slightly altered to admit of its working upon the joint or hinge
as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon at
the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1866.-A communication by Alfred Motteau, Engineer,
residing at Augoulème, France.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The breakage of axles on railways is mainly attributable to the effects
of torsion in resisting the sliding friction, which occurs principally whilst the
wheels are travelling round the curves. In order to produce axles which are
net subject to this defect the molecular effects of the torsion should be
entirely, or at least in a great measure, removed, as they tend to destroy the
normal sections. For this purpose I form the body of the axle of a series of
bars of tough iron placed one against the other, and radiating towards the
centre, but not welded together. This absence of welding forms the funda-
mental property of these axles. The forins and numbers of these bars as well
as the manner of uniting them together can vary according to circumstances.
These safety axles resist by their flexion and compression, and not by torsion only
as is the case with the ordinary axles, the sliding friction which is generated
in the curves. Frauds can in no way be possible in their construction, as it

page_text: admits at all times of an easy examination, and with these axles breakages
cannot occur. The bars forming the central parts of the axle are welded
together at their outer extremities next to the bearings, which are covered
with a superficial coating of granular iron to form the said bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUFFS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June 1866.
I, LEOPOLD MORRIS, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUFFS," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in muffs, and consists in so
constructing them that they are capable of being readily reversed. For this
purpose I construct a muff, the inner and outer surfaces of which are covered
with the same or different descriptions of furs or other materials, and being
provided with a joint so formed that it may be readily disconnected, and the
muff may be opened out and reversed, after which the joint may be locked or
secured in any suitable manner.
The joint which I prefer to employ consists of a pipe or tube connected to
a plate which is sewn or otherwise secured to one part of the muff, the other
part of the muff being provided with eyes carried by a plate which is sewn or
otherwise secured to the muff, the two parts of the joint being connected
together by a pin or rod passing down the pipe or tube and through the eyes.
The pin or rod is provided with a screw thread at one of its ends taking into
a female screw formed within the pipe or tube, which thereby secures the pin
or rod in its place..
If desired, the muff may be formed with a bag or bags in any suitable
manner.
A NEW OR. IMPROVED LAMP AND THE MATERIALS TO BE CONSUMED THEREBY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Lichtenstadt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 15th March
1866.
1, ELIZABETH LICHTENSTADT, of Bermondsey Road, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR. IMPROVED
LAMP AND THE MATERIALS TO BE CONSUMED THEREBY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel construction of lamp; and,
secondly, to the materials or compound to be used or consumed by such lamp.
The bowl or receptacle for the materials to be consumed is separated from the
central portion under the wick holder by means of a cylinder of gauze or wire
network, coated or surrounded with felt, woollen, or other absorbent fabric.
The interior and lower part of this cylinder is furnished with a piece of felt,
sponge, wool, or other fabric which will absorb and retain the liquid com-
pound. The wick holder may be made in the usual manner to screw on to the
top of the receptacle, and may be provided with one, two, or other number of
wicks or burners. The materials or compound for affording illumination.
consist of benzole in the crude state about twenty gallons, camphor about.
twenty ounces, and aconite root about one pound. In order to fill the lamp.
the wick holder is removed and the compound poured into the wire cylinder,
whence it will penetrate into the receptacle surrounding the cylinder. When
it is found that no more of the liquid will percolate through the gauze and
covering the receptacle is to be inverted so as to empty the cylinder, and then
the wick holder is to be replaced. The wicks will then come in contact with

page_text: the felt or sponge at the bottom of the cylinder and will absorb the liquid,
after which the wicks may be lighted, and the lamp will continue to burn by
the absorption of the wicks, which are therefore not immersed in the liquid to
be consumed as is ordinarily the case. This method economizes the con-
sumption of the materials and causes the lamp to last for a much longer
period than lamps as hitherto constructed, because the compound is partly
converted into vapour in the cylinder. The bottom of the cylinder is con-
tinually supplied with the compound by its return through the absorbent
material and gauze.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES BY THE COMBINATION OF MEMORANDUM, COUNTERFOIL, AND SEAL LAP IN ONE PIECE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Simard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July 1866.
I, PROSPER SIMARD, of No. 38, Ely Place, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES BY THE COMBINATION OF MEMORANDUM,
COUNTERFOIL, AND SEAL LAP IN ONE PIECE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a combination of memorandum, counterfoil, and
seal lap manufactured in one piece either by cutting or stamping out.
The Drawing will clearly shew the purport and form of the envelope; the
piece at the left hand divided from the other part by perforations shewn by
dotted lines is the counterfoil, the other portion forming a sheet of note paper,
and when folded with the aid of the seal lap form an envolope.
The object of this Invention is economy of time to commercial and manu-
facturing houses where great many messages are constantly being received
and sent; the object of the counterfoil is for an epitome or copy of the message,
avoiding the necessity and trouble of the preparation and copying from a press.
This combined memorandum piece, lap, and counterfoil will be manufactured
in books similar to cheque books, the memorandum being simply torn off
where the perforations are shown on the Drawing.
AN IMPROVED NAIL AND BRAD CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sadler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1866.
I, JOHN SADLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Hinge
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED NAIL AND BRAD CUTTING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention for improvements in nail brad and cutting machines consists
in constructing them so as to make them self-feeding by the following mechanical
arrangement:-I place under the frame of the machine a shaft horizontally,
which is driven by means of bevil and mitre wheels from the main shaft.
Upon this shaft I place a camn, or I attach to it a crank and pin or eccentric;
such crank, camn, or eccentric may form part of such shaft. To this camn,
eccentric, or crank I attach two links to connect the two heading levers with
the shaft, and giving the said heading levers an alternating motion, so that
the levers advance to drive forward the header each time the thick end of the
nail blank is presented towards it, and the blank being held fast by the holding
dies so as to prevent it slipping the header is forced against the end of the
blank and presses upon the blank a head. The heading levers are also used
to give motion to a guage for the purpose of guiding the strip between the
cutting blades. I connect this guage to one or to both levers, thus giving to

page_text: the guage an alternating motion and carring the strip to the position
required to cut off the blank and brad. I also continue the horizontal shaft
from the camo, eccentric, or crank to a suitable distance, terminating with
another crank and pin, eccentric, or camn; by the rotating of such camn,
eccentric, or crank I communicate an alternate or rocking motion to a carriage
for supporting the feeder; by this means the blank is cut off at the requisite
angle to give the taper to the blank that is necessary to form the nail and
brad. I also obtain this alternating or roeking motion by connecting the
heading lever and the carriage of the feeder together by means of levers,
thus giving an alternating or rocking motion to the feeder carriage and
producing the necessary angle in the blank to make the nail and brad.