matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCHES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amédée Paulin Charpentier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1863.
I, AMÉDÉE PAULIN CHARPENTIER, of the Palais Royal, Paris, France,
Watch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATCHES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to set or time the watch without opening the
case or cases, putting the pendant into or out of gear with the setter by the move-
ment of the lunette glass and its rim (which latter is made without the usual
joint or hinge) or if the watch be a hunting watch by the upper or lower case.
The effect may be produced by a spring, by the addition of an arm, or by the
application of a ratch, but the one or the other always having for mission to
advance or put back the spring guiding the wheel gearing with the setter. I
prefer that my lunettes act on the spring arm or ratch by means of a small
cavity made in, or an incline given to them.
To operate, place the back of the watch flat in the palm of the hand, press
the lunette round to the right (or vice versa in some cases) with the finger and
thumb and the setter is in gear, then by means of the pendant move the hands
to the time required, press the lunette back to the left and the watch is set.
If the pendant be turned after the lunette has been moved back to the left
such rotation will have no effect on the hands or any part of the works.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN STATIONARY ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boothroyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1863.
I, WILLIAM BOOTHROYD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Bobbin
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STATIONARY ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of machinery with various self-
acting movements for the purpose of obtaining motive power without the aid
of steam, horse, wind, or water. I employ a cast-iron or other suitable frame-
work; the top of this said framework is provided with four pullies or wheels
for carrying a horizontal or main shaft. On this horizontal or main shaft are
fixed two bosses, each boss having four arms, the arms being connected
together by four plates or cross bars extending from arm to arm on each boss.
On the said horizontal or main shaft I also employ a spur wheel geared into
another spur or pinion wheel fixed on a cross or counter shaft. The said cross
or counter shaft being provided with a toothed wheel geared into another
toothed wheel for the purpose of giving motion to an excentric, tappet, or lever
attached to a carriage for pulling and pushing two or more weights on and off
the before-named plates or cross bars. I also employ another shaft with
suitable gearing, one end of which receives motion from the toothed wheels on
the cross or counter shaft, and the other end by means of another pair of

page_text: toothed wheels, gives motion to two rollers. These said rollers are provided
with chains or ropes for lifting the weights when pulled off the plates or cross
bars into their proper position. These rollers turn in opposite directions by
means of three bevil wheels, two of the said bevil wheels being loose, so
that either one or the other may be put into gear, as required. Above the
framework I fix a carriage and tramway with a sheaf pulley attached for the
purpose of the chains or ropes to work over, the said carriage being moved to
and fro by the excentric tappet or lever. I also employ a break wheel for
regulating the speed, as may be required. This said break wheel is fixed on
the horizontal or main shaft, and is acted upon by a strap or belt made of steel
or any other suitable material, one end of which is attached to a governor, and
the other end made fast to the framework.
AN IMPROVED FIRE- PROOF FLOOR OR ROOF FOR BUILDINGS, BRIDGES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1863.
I, THOMAS TURNER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
and of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Architect and Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED FIRE-
PROOF FLOOR OR ROOF FOR BUILDINGS, BRIDGES, AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved fire-proof floor or roof possessing
increased rigidity and strength, together with other advantages, and suitable
for buildings, bridges, and other structures. It has been the practice to form
a kind of fire-proof floor by introducing concrete between and over a series of
iron beams or joists, the concrete being supported between the beams or joists
upon lathes resting on the bottom flanges thereof.
By this Invention, however, the concrete is, according to one modification,
made to entirely surround or encompass the iron beams or joists being applied
below as well as between and above them. In some modifications also, the
beams or joists are made of an open construction, so that the concrete is
continuous and united through the openings in the beams or joists, and the
entire structure becomes a rigid and continuous mass. In order to apply the
concrete, as proposed, a temporary surface formed of boards or other suitable
materials may be erected at a slight distance below the beams or joists, the
concrete being poured in so as to lie on this surface, and fill up the spaces
between the beams or joists, and also cover these, as far as is deemed necessary,

page_text: the temporary surface being removed after the concrete or cement is suffi-
ciently set and hardened. To the under side of the concrete the plaster to
form the usual finished ceiling may be then directly applied without the
intervention of the usual objectionable wood lathing, or the under surface of
the concrete may itself form the ceiling. If deemed necessary or desirable
lathes or binding slips or straps of wood or metal may be applied across the
lower or other parts of the spaces between the beams or joists to give increased
temporary or permanent support. In some cases, when the beams or joists are
of an open construction, and when it is wished to reduce the depth or thickness
of the floor as much as possible, the wooden bearers for the flooring boards
may be laid directly upon the iron beams or joists with or without checks,
and the concrete may be filled in only to the tops of the iron beams or joists,
or to a slightly higher level with the wooden bearers partly embedded in it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAT OR CAP FRAMES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michel Luneau at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1863.
I, MICHEL LUNEAU, of No. 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Military Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HAT OR CAP FRAMES," to be as follows:-
The principle object of this Invention is for manufacturing the frames of
caps in general use for infantry, though I intend to apply the same means
for manufacturing gentlemen's hats or caps of any kind. I make a tissue on
ordinary looms for that purpose, a warp of any kind, either cotton, woollen,
linen, or silk, is set on the loom. On the said warp I mark out with black
or red colour the outside shapes of the required patterns for any kind of frame,
and I proceed weaving as usual with a suitable weft, but after throwing the
shuttle once or twice, I introduce between the threads of the warp a hair of
wild boar, which hairs have been previously separated by lengths so as to suit the
shape of the patterns by inserting hairs of the proper lengths; after the bair
has been inserted I give again one, two, or three shoots of the weft, and this
operation is repeated till the tissue is completed; then each pattern is cut off,
and a strip of thin "stuff" being glued over the edges, the said edges are
united together by sewing over forms to give them the required shapes and
size of the cap or hat, which is coated over with a layer of gum lac so as to
waterproof it. The said frames are then covered up with silk, beaver, or any
other kind of "stuff" in use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES AND VACUUM GAUGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allcroft at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1863.
I, GEORGE ALLCROFT, of New Church Row, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES AND VACUUM GAUGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain new and improved mechanical arrange-
ments and combinations of parts to be employed in the construction of pressure
and vacuum gauges, and consists of a circular case fitted with a dial and
pointer of the ordinary kind. The pinion of the pivot on which the pointer is
fixed is actuated by a toothed quadrant working on a suitable fulcrum, and
there is a helical spring fixed to the tail of the aforesaid quadrant and to a pin
in the case for keeping the pointer steady. To the bottom of the case of the
gauge a piece of metal is affixed, in which is fitted a corrugated steel plate of
the ordinary kind, protected from corrosion by india-rubber. At or near the
centre of the aforesaid corrugated spring, and in contact therewith, the short
curved end of a horizontal lever is adjusted upon a fulcrum pin, and to the
long end of said lever a short rod is connected by a pin, the upper end of said
short rod being connected to a slotted lever, which may be adjusted to the
toothed quadrant before mentioned by a set screw. I propose in constructing
pressure or vacuum gauges intended to be used on locomotive engines to adapt
a syphon or curved thermometer within the case of the gauge visible from the
outside thereof.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FIXING COLORING MATTER ON COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBRES AND MATERIALS, AND CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING SUCH LIKE AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Booth, George Booth, and
Andrew Swallow, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th January 1868.
We, EDWARD BOOTH and GEORGE BOOTH, both of Gorton, near Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Gun and Chemical Manufacturers, and
ANDREW SWALLOW, of Staley Bridge, in the said County, Color Mixer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF FIXING COLORING MATTER ON COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER
FIBRES AND MATERIALS, AND CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING SUCH LIKE AND
OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the use of a solution of spirits of salts, lime, and
nitrate of copper mixed together in certain proportions according to the depth
of color required, which we use as a substitute for nitrate and acetate of
copper and other acids now in general use for fixing catechu and other coloring
matters in printing and dyeing processes; and for stiffening and finishing textile
fabrics and yarns we use spirits of salts, and a solution of lime mixed in
certain proportions, which we apply to the fabrics or yarns in the ordinary
manner.
AN IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE, APPLICABLE TO PURPOSES TO WHICH STEAM, HORSE, WIND, AND WATER POWER IS APPLIED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Philip Comins Lloyd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1863.
I, NICHOLAS PHILIP COMINS LLOYD, residing at Number One, Liverpool
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE, APPLICABLE TO PURPOSES TO WHICH
STEAM, HORSE, WIND, AND WATER POWER IS APPLIED," to be as follows:-
A metallic tube or cylinder is to be inserted at a right angle into a square or
otherwise formed metallic plate. A metallic rod or bar is to be inserted at a
right angle into a corresponding plate. These plates are to be united by means
of a hinge, which will permit them closely to approximate, or to separate at a
necessary distance. The sides attached to these plates will, when the plates
are separated, be air-tight by means of appliances or substances connected with
the sides and similar substances above and below them. This apparatus may
be termed No. 1.
Another apparatus similarly constructed will be used, No. 2. The tube of
No. 1 and the rod or bar of No. 2 will pass through apertures provided with
air-tight substances in one side of a cubic or elongated metallic air-tight box
or chamber, from which the air will, through a stop-cock by means of an air
pump, be extracted. The bar of No. 1 and the tube of No. 2 will pass through
apertures provided with air-tight substances in corresponding parts of the
opposite side of the chamber. A stop-cock connected with the tube of No. 1
being opened will admit air between the metallic plates. A stop-cock connected

page_text: with the tabe of No. 2 being opened will admit air between the metallic plates.
The air will force No. 2 (being connected with No. 1 at the air-tight receiver)
through the chamber and will raise No. 1 to the position it occupied while
quiescent, and cause the rod of No. 2 to pass without the chamber. The air in
No. 2 will by means similar to those provided for No. 1 be removed into a
similarly placed receiver. The air that passed into the receiver of No. 1 will
by means of a hinge cause these plates closely to approximate and remove the
air between the plates into the receiver, whence it was obtained. Hence air
admitted alternately into each receiver will move the united apparatuses
in alternate opposite directions. Two tubes and two bars being alternately
forced within and without the chamber, and being connected with the right
and left wheels of the engine and the first carriage or other machinery, will act
with double power.
AN IMPROVED AXLETREE WITH LINKED LEVERS FOR LIFTING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Blouin and Didier Nicolas
Mercier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th March 1863.
We, ALFRED BLOUIN, of No. 79, Rue du Faubourg du Temple, in the
City of Paris, Mechanician, and DIDIER NICOLAS MERCIER, of No. 10, Rue
Richelieu, in the said City of Paris, Medical Doctor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AXLETREE WITH LINKED LEVERS
FOR LIFTING," to be as follows:--
Our machine is composed, firstly, of a triangular framing, with horizontal
extension, the two sides of which are tied by bolts, other bolts serving to fix
the frame to the ground; secondly, of a large toothed wheel; thirdly, of three
levers linked or jointed on the same axle; fourthly, of two eccentrics, to
which are attached the arms of two of the levers; fifthly, of two toothed
wheels on the same axle as the eccentrics. The axle of the said eccentrics
and toothed gearing rests on a cast-iron piece or chair, which forms bearing
between the eccentrics and the toothed wheels. This chair is attached to the
framing, resting against its extension. The axles of the above-mentioned
eccentrics and toothed gearing have the shape of a crank; they are tied at
their end by a bolt, which passes at the same time in the slide of the third
lever. Sixthly and lastly, of two other toothed wheels fixed on another shaft,
which receives a crank. The toothed wheel has three rows of teeth and a
collar, which may receive a break. It is on the axle of this wheel that the
rope or chain attached to the burden or load will roll. The teeth are arranged

page_text: regularly, but so that those of each row alternate, and receive the action of
the levers one after the other. The levers have a slide, which permits them
to slide on a friction roller, which unites them, some to the eccentrics, the
other to the crank shafts, which carry these same eccentrics.
The same
circular movement, therefore, sets the three levers in motion, and causes them
to execute an alternate rise and fall. The head of the levers is traversed by
the same axle; it is set to balance on one side only for the passage of the
teeth, but a spiral spring brings it back immediately to its place. On turning
the crank the two toothed wheels on its axle give motion to the two others,
which are on the same axlo as the eccentrics, and these, as well as the said
axle which forms the crank shaft, set in motion the levers, which each rise and
fall once during a turn or revolution of the eccentrics, and it is in this move-
ment that the levers take by turns into the teeth of the large wheel and give
it the rotary motion which is to lift the load.
AN IMPROVED LEAD AND STONE PENCIL SHARPENER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Blakeley and Benjamin
Meakes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th February 1863.
We, THOMAS BLAKELEY and BENJAMIN MEAKES, of 11, Bread Street Hill,
Cannon Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEAD AND STONE PENCIL SHARPENER," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention of an improved pencil sharpener consists of a piece of hard
wood with a hole drilled into one side, such hole being conical at one end and
parlile at the other end; opposite the conical end there is a recess cut in the
wood to admit of a knife, which is made fast in this recess by means of a
screw; there is a slot hole in the knife, by which arrangement the latter can
be regulated to cut with the greatest accuracy, and can be taken out,
sharpened, and replaced at convenience.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THRASHING MACHINES, AND FOR CUTTING AND BRUISING STRAW
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Head and Henry Brins-
meal at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th June 1863.
We, JOHN HEAD and HENRY BRINSMEAD, both of Ipswich, in the County
of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THRASHING MACHINES, AND FOR CUTTING AND BRUISING
STRAW," to be as follows:-
In some parts where fodder for cattle is scarce, it is found profitable to
utilize a portion of the straw or stalks of cereal crops, such as wheat, barley,
oats, and rye, as a substitute for the better kinds of fodder, such as hay and
clover.
Now the first object of our Invention is to apply to thrashing machines
mechanism suitable to bruise, cut, and tear the straw in such manner that it
may be divided into short lengths, and rendered soft and supple, and more
suitable to be masticated by animals than it is when merely reduced (in its
original hard state) to short lengths by means of chaff cutters. In combining
such descriptions of mechanism with thrashing machines, we prefer fixing the
same so that the straw is received into the hopper at the upper part of the
box or case as it falls from the straw shaker of a thrashing machine, but
this may be varied.
The second object of our Invention is to combine apparatus for cutting
and bruising straw, to be used in combination with or separate from thrash-
ing machines, and such apparatus or mechanism consists of one or more
rollers or cylinders having blades, knives, or projections fixod at suitable

page_text: intervals, which blades, knives, or projections (when the rollers or cylinders
are caused to rotate) pass between similar blades, knives, or projections
suitably fixed to the interior of a box or case enclosing the rollers or
cylinders. The upper part of the box or case terminates in a hopper or
receiver for the straw to be operated upon. When using two or more rollers
or cylinders they are placed at such distance apart that the blades, knives,
or projections of one roller or cylinder shall pass between and act against
the blades, knives, or projections of the roller or cylinder next to it, in the
same manner as they act against the blades, knives, or projections fixed to
the inside of the box or case.
IM- PROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN IN MOTION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Cashin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
August 1863.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK CASHIN, Civil Engineer, of Sheffield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND DRIVER
OF A RAILWAY TRAIN IN MOTION," to be as follows:―.
My Invention consists of an apparatus for attracting attention to the
carriage, van, or waggon in which it may be used. I attach to each a globe
or vessel filled with compressed air by means of a portable or fixed pump at
the top of the carriage; connected with each air vessel I propose to fix a
whistle which may be sounded when necessary in the same manner as a steam
whistle.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COATING OR COVERING THE SURFACES OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS WITH LEATHER OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kenworthy Dutton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1863.
I, EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON, of Stretford, in the County of Chester,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COATING OR COVERING THE SURFACES
OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS WITH LEATHER OR OTHER MATERIAL," to be as
follows:-
The apparatus is designed to cover the exterior surface of rollers or
cylinders with leather or other similar required material, and is applicable to
the covering of rollers used in machines known as "cotton gins," and more par-
ticularly that description called the "Macarthy gin," in which the rollers are
covered with leather wound spirally round the roller. The apparatus consists
of two standards or supports for carrying the roller to be covered, the journals
of the roller revolving in bearings in the top of the standards, an arrangement
being made for readily inserting and removing the roller therefrom. A planed.
bar is mounted on the standards or on the bed plate of the machine and is
caused, by means of screws and bevil gearing or otherwise, to slide to and from
the roller and parallel with the surface thereof. On this bar a carriage slides,
carrying two rollers, one with its axis parallel to the roller to be covered to
press the leather on to the surface of the roller, the other with its axis at right

page_text: angles to the former to press the coils of leather against each other; the
pressure of the first-named roller being effected by means of a handle or
weighted lever on the shaft actuating the slide bar, the resistance of the
carriage as it slides on the bar affording sufficient pressure to force the coils
of leather together. The glue or cement by which the leather is caused to
adhere may either be applied to the leather or to the roller by hand or by
self-acting means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEATING ARRANGEMENTS OF STOVES FOR DRYING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1863.
I, HORATIO WATSON, of Renton, in the County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, Brick Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEATING ARRANGEMENTS OF STOVES FOR DRYING WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the heating arrangements of
stoves for drying woven fabrics, and has for object economy in fuel and the
prevention of smoke.
The improvements are advantageously applicable to stoves of the kind used
for drying Turkey-red fabrics. A stove of this kind consists of a building of
one, two, or more stories or flats, the floors in the case of two or more flats
being permeable to the heated air or vapour. The heat is applied to the
bottom or ground floor by means of a horizontal flue proceeding from a furnace
at one end and returning backwards and forwards across or along the floor a
number of times until it finally reaches the chimney or stalk. As hitherto
arranged, the heat radiated in a downward direction is completely lost, and it is
the object of the present Invention to recover and utilise a large portion of
that otherwise waste heat by constructing under the main flue an air flue or
passage discharging itself into the main flue behind the fire-bridge or at any
other suitable point or points.

page_text: In one modification this air flue commences in the ash-pit, the air being
drawn into it by the action of the draft, and it proceeds along under the main
flue to near the end of the first horizontal end thereof. It thence returns
along under the same flue length towards the furnace, and is constructed
with a discharge opening or openings into the main flue at or near the
furnace end thereof. The air in its passage along its flue takes up the heat
radiated downwards, and which would be otherwise wasted and becomes itself
intensely heated, in consequence of which it greatly assists the combustion of
the fire-gases in the main flue, and whilst increasing the heat thereof greatly
reduces the quantity of smoke or entirely prevents its formation. The air
flue may have its inlet opening at the side of the building instead of being in
the ash-pit, and dampers may be fitted to it to regulate its action.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burnet Robins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1863.
J, WILLIAM BURNET ROBINS, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford,
Actuary, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the instrument or apparatus, herein-after described,
to be kept in houses and other buildings and used in case of fire to extinguishi
the said fire, or to subdue it or limit it until further aid can be procured. The
said instrument or apparatus consists of a strong flexible waterproof bag cr
receptacle made, by preference, of a pear shape, and of such a size that when
filled with water it can be moved about by a man of ordinary strength. The
said bag is provided at its mouth with a screw collar made of metal. Into the
said screw collar a stop-cock or spring valve is screwed, and to the said stop-
cock or valve a pipe or hose is affixed, the pipe or hose being provided with
a metallic nozzle or jet. The stop-cock or valve may be placed near the end
of the hose instead of at the neck of the bag or receptacle. The bag or
receptacle is filled with water at its neck by the unscrewing of the stop-cock
or valve, and when filled the said stop-cock or valve with the hose are replaced:
The instrument or apparatus is then ready for use, and may be put away, by
preference, in an upper part of the house or building. In case of fire it may
be brought, as near as practicable, to the spot where the fire is burning, and

page_text: the hose directed to the fire. By opening the stop-cock or valve, and pressing
upon the bag with the foot, a stream of water may be directed upon the fire,
and the said fire extinguished or checked until further aid can be procured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE, FIRE-ARMS, AND PROJECTILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
July 1868.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of Yorkshire,
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE, FIRE-ARMS, AND PROJECTILES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in providing means for ensuring the rotation of
spherical projectiles in a plane parallel to their line of flight. For this
purpose I form annular grooves round the projectile, into which enter pro-
jections or ribs formed within the bore of the gun in such manner that the
projectile as it is expelled from the gun shall receive the requisite axial motion.
The above-mentioned ribs act as rails for the grooves of the projectile to run
upon, but in order to prevent it from rising against the upper part of the
gun I form projections thereon, which extend over the edge of the grooves
formed upon the projectile.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE SAWING AND CUTTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGHT SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Grove at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1868.
I, WILLIAM GROVE, of Tenbury, in the County of Worcestershire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE
TO THE SAWING AND CUTTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGHT SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention having reference to a new or improved apparatus applicable
to the sawing or cutting of wood, has for its object to simplify the mechanical
construction of the machinery employed, by which a considerable saving of
time and labour is effected than by the arrangements at present in use, and
consists of a rectangular framework or standard framing of suitable material,
upon which an endless band saw in connection with fly wheel, crank shaft,
and strap wheels are employed; the said crank shaft or fly wheel being driven
or set in motion through the medium of winch handles or treddles, and the
operation of cutting performed by passing the plauk or otherwise trausversely
with the saw, which is made to revolve by means of the said strap wheels
secured top and bottom, and tightened thereon by set screws or otherwise.
A NEW MACHINE FOR CLIPPING OFF CONNECTING THREADS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barnes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1863.
1, JOHN BARNES, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MACHINE FOR CLIPPING OFF CONNECTING THREADS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE,"
to be as follows:
The object of this machine is to clip off the superfluous threads which are
left in lace and similar fabrics in the production of certain designs. In the
manufacture of these goods certain threads are only occasionally wrought into
the fabric, being left at intervals loose upon the surface of the fabric, these
threads are removed by clipping either before or after "dressing," but usually
after. The machine now about to be described is intended to supersede this
portion of manual labour by removing the superflous threads. ;
The machine consists of, first, a series of scissors which enter between the
"clip" threads and the fabric, and sever them, so that they hang from the
fabric at the points in which they are wrought into the design; there are
holders for compressing the fabric into a position so that the scissors may
enter between the threads to be cut and the fabric; second, of a series of
scissors working transversely to the first set, which cut off close to the fabric
the threads previously severed but not detached from it, there are also holders
for pressing the fabric into position suitable for the operation just described;
third, of a set of rollers or other contrivance for passing the fabric along; and

page_text: fourth, of a cam, cams, or other contrivance for giving motion to the whole
clipping and carrying arrangements.
The manner in which the operation is conducted is as follows:-The end of
the fabric to be clipped is inserted between conducting guides, having the
side to be clipped against the cutting apparatus, by the operation of the rollers
the fabric is drawn over the cutters or scissors, the rollers are at rest while
the scissors operate upon the fabric and move along when that operation has
taken place. The end of the fabric being inserted in the conducting guides
as described, and motion communicated by the rollers and cams as described,
the rollers remain at rest while the scissors described enter between the thread
and the fabric, and by a motion of the scissors the threads are severed. The
cam now acts upon the rollers by means of a lever and ratchet wheel, and
draws the fabric along; the part of the fabric cut by the first series of scissors
is subsequently brought to the second set of scissors, and the suspended threads
entirely cut off. The scissors work simultaneously and are at rest while the
fabric is being passed along..
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUCKLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Eyland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1863.
I, CHARLES EYLAND, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUCKLES," to be as follows, that is
to say:
My Invention consists in making the descriptions of buckle used for vest
backs and other similar purposes by stamping or forming the rim and centre
bar of the buckle solid from one piece of metal, and the chape and point
piece also from separate pieces of metal, afterwards bending the chape and
the point piece round the solid centre bar, thus making the buckle a double-
acting one, with the chape capable of being turned either way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1863. A communication from abroad by Mathieu Risler, the younger,
of Paris, France, Gentleman.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY," (a communication to me
from abroad by Mathieu Risler, the younger, of Paris, France, Gentleman,)
to be as follows:-
Any persons engaged (however slightly) in the practice of photography
cannot but know the inconvenience of the glasses, so fragile, heavy, and
expensive, upon which the collodion is laid to obtain the negative proofs.
After numerous trials and attempts to replace these squares of glass by some
other matter similarly transparent, less fragile, and more manageable, the
present Inventor has discovered that tale or mica in sheets would perfectly
fulfil the required conditions, that is to say, would serve for all the preparations
used in photography. The improvement then forming the subject of the
present Invention is characterized by the employment of talc or mica in sheets
as a substitute for the glass, such sheets being prepared in the following
manner-A sheet of talc or mica is to be cut of a corresponding size to the
dimension of the negative which it is desired to produce, and fixed on a piece
of ordinary glass by smearing the edges with a thick gum, the tale is then to
be cleaned simply by a tuft of carded cotton wool, the collodion is then poured

page_text: on the surface, over which it flows freely. The other operations of sensitizing,
developing, washing, and fixing are effected in the usual manner, and by
means of the ordinary accessories. When the negative is finished it is only
requisite to remove the talc from the glass, and to place it in contact with
the prepared paper to obtain the positive proof. The advantages resulting
from this substitution of talc or mica for ordinary glass will be readily
perceived from the previous explanation, in fact these sheets are better
suited to all the manipulations, not only from their lightness, but also from the
small space which they occupy, and also from their non-liability to fracture.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SALT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grantham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1863.
I, JOHN GRANTHAM, of 81, Nicholas Lane, in the City of London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SALT," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist of some economical methods of increasing the
evaporation of brine and manufacturing salt.
Salt has hitherto been made in certain circular covered pans under which
heat has been applied, and from which the salt has been cleared by certain
scrapers actuated by machinery. The steam from these pans has been col-
lected and passed under second open pans, and has evaporated the brine in
such second pans, and thus utilized the heat which would otherwise have been
wasted.
Now, in combination with these methods, I, by my Invention, cover the said,
second open pan, and collect the steam from it also, and thus again repeat the
process on a third pan, see Drawing, Fig. 1, showing the second and third
pans, with steam pipes A and B communicating from one to the other; but as
the steam has now become much reduced in temperature, I pass it through a
series of pipes or other metallic surfaces heated by another furnace, which
process is called superheating steam. The superheater is shown on the
Drawing between the pipes A and B, and is on a larger scale in Fig. 2. The
steam passes from the pipe A into the chamber C, and then through the series

page_text: of pipes into the chamber D, and on through the pipe B into the third pan;
a fire is placed under the series of pipes between the chambers, as shown in the
Drawing, and thus it gives out a greater amount of heat to the said third pan.
I also provide means for injecting into the tubes so prepared and heated a
small quantity of water as required, by which more steam may be generated
to mix with the steam from the second pan (see Fig. 2, pipe and cock for
injecting water); this may be supplied from any convenient source.
I have also a new arrangement in such second pan, by which the salt may
be removed without the pan being opened. I employ certain scrapers to be
worked by hand externally, and merely to be used at intervals as may be
necessary, and as is required in making coarse salt. It will be evident that
the same processes may be repeated to a fourth and fifth pan, and so on
ad libitum, each fresh pan merely requiring its small furnace and superheater.
To these pans I also apply a system of pipes, such as marked "brine" in the
Drawing, Fig. 1, by which the brine is circulated throughout in the direction
of the arrows, commencing from the first circular pan, and passing through
the second, third, fourth, and so on till it returns back to the first pan.
The circulation in these pipes I effect by means of gravitation, or a pump,
screw, or in any other convenient manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ACADEMIC CAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raphael Zox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1863.
I, RAPHAEL Zox, of Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road, in the County of
Surrey, Hat and Cap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ACADEMIC CAPS," to be
as follows:
Academic caps as at present made are formed with stiff unyielding boards
or squares which are liable to break, and with sculls lined with buckram or
other stiff material. Now, my improvements consist in forming the boards or
squares of layers of gossamer or other flexible fabric glued or cemented
together with corners of triangular-shaped vulcanized india-rubber let in
and cemented between the two exterior layers of gossamer, the interior layers
being cut away to receive the same instead of the rubber being attached to
the edges only of the gossamer as it now is to the edges of the wooden squares.
The scull is formed of tweed and horsehair mixed, or other soft material or
flexible fabric, and is blocked or stretched in the ordinary manner.
The cap
may be covered with black cloth, with silk velvet, or cashmere, or other
materials used for covering such caps, and may be lined with silk or alpaca.
The sculls may be stitched entirely through, or only partly, so as to shew
or disguise the stitches.
By these improvements the cap and square will be rendered flexible and
capable of being partly folded; they are also rendered incapable of injury by
falling or pressure, as the square will yield or bend instead of breaking, as is

page_text: now the case. The corners are rendered more flexible by the insertion of
the india-rubber, which forms a more gradual extension of flexible corner
than has hitherto been the case by the attachment of the rubber to the stiff*
and unyielding corners of the wooden squares.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING OR REGULATING WATER POWER USED FOR BLOWING ORGANS OR HARMONIUMS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE CABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE AN IRREGULAR MOTIVE POWER IS DESIRED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eccleston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1863.
1, JAMES ECCLESTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Organ
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING OR REGULATING WATER POWER USED
FOR BLOWING ORGANS OR HARMONIUMS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
CABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE AN IRREGULAR MOTIVE POWER IS DESIRED," to
be as follows:
I apply such a power as is too strong to work continuously, and interrupt
its action periodically. I use for instance a turbine, driving it with town's
water, which is supplied through a cock. This cock is closed or opened by
means of a lever. On the one end of this lever there is a weight attached, on
the other end a small reservoir. Whenever the lever comes in such a posi-
tion that the cock is open a catch pressed forward by a spring holds it there,
whenever the lever comes in a position to close the cock another catch and
spring hold it there. These catches are drawn back by means of a rod in
connection with the bellows of an organ when filled and when empty or nearly
so. The operation is performed by the water from the turbine discharging
into the reservoir, which thus becomes so heavy as to overbalance the weight
on the other end of the lever, and to close the cock whenever the catch is
drawn back. A valve on the bucket is, by touching underneath or otherwise,

page_text: opened, the water is discharged, and on the second catch being drawn back
the weight lifts the empty reservoir up again, and opens the cock for another
operation.
These improvements may also be applied, for instance, to fill the bellows or
holders of blow pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER BREAKS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1863.-A communication from Isidore Alexandre Moineau,
Engineer Mechanician, residing at 19, Rue de Grenelle, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND
OTHER BREAKS," a communication from Isidore Alexandre Moineau, Engineer
Mechanician, a person resident at 19, Rue de Grenelle, Paris, in the Empire
of France, aforesaid, to be as follows, that is to say:-
These improvements consist in the employment, in combination with the
ordinary mecanism, of pulleys or polyspasts, and principally the differential.
pulley or pulley with variable diameters, for increasing the force and pressure.
of the break on the wheels of railway and other carriages..
The annexed Drawing represents its application to a railway tender.. A.is.
a differential pulley, the axe of which works in bearings placed in.the supports B,
fixed under the tender C is an endless chain. gearing in the grove of. this
pulley, the floating or loose part of which is supported by a centre pulley D
fixed to the carcass of the tender. This chain. passes equally in an ordinary
pulley E, carrying a hook which receives the extremity of. a chain E placed

page_text: longitudinally below the tender, and united at the point G to the small arm of
the levers which act on the ordinary breaks. The pulley A is worked by
a winch I, the arbor of which carries a pinion J gearing with another K cast
with the pulley A.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR OMNIBUSSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Haworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
/1863.
I, JOHN HAWORTH, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR
OMNIBUSSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying a metal clip, lined with leather or other suit-
able material, for increasing the friction to the nave of one or more of the wheels
of the omnibus or other carriage, and in connecting the two ends of the clip to
a double lever, which is in communication with a treadle or handle. I prefer
to use a treadle which slides in a guide in front of the driver, and which is con-
nected by a chain and guide pulleys to a lever on the same axle as the double levers
above referred to, which are thus made to apply the break or release the wheel,
according to the direction in which the treadle is moved. The connection may
however be considerably varied. In order to prevent the wearing of the joint
pins connecting the friction clip to the double lever, I place a tube of vulcanized
india-rubber over the joint pins. The friction clips are held out of contact with
the naves of the wheels when the breaks are released by double-headed studs
passing through the clips and the leather or other material with which they
are lined; these studs have washers of india-rubber or other elastic material
acting like springs. When the break is on, the washer is compressed to allow
the friction clip to act on the nave of the wheel, but, when the break is released,
the spring washer expands and lifts the friction clip out of contact with the
nave.