Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1895-Accepted, 9th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
We, DRUITT HALPIN, Engineer, of 17 Victoria Street, in the County of
London, and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, Engineer of the firm Manlove
Alliott & Co. Ltd., of Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates mainly to a construction of steam generator which is
composed of two distinct parts namely firstly, one or more generators heated by
fires, and secondly, a storage vessel into which the steam from the generator or
generators is delivered, and which is supplied with the feed water for the generators.
which water flows into the latter after having deposited its solid matter in the
storage vessel. Steam generators constructed and operating in this manner were
described in the Specification to Halpin's Patent No. 363 of 1892.
According to the present invention we construct such stean generators and their
thermal storage reservoirs as follows.
Above a furnace grate we arrange rows of horizontál, inclined, or vertical water
tubes closed at one end and communicating at their other end with a compartment
of a water chamber which, in the case of the horizontal or inclined arrangements,
is formed preferably as a rectangular upright box, forming one end of the
generator. From a partition which divides this water chamber into two compart-
ments, inner tubes extend' into the above mentioned outer tubes, having their inner
ends open, so as to provide for the circulation of water through the concentric
tubes to and from the two compartments of the chamber, in a similar manner to
the well known Perkins and Field tubes, that is to say, the water passes from the
outer compartment through the inner tubes into the annular space between the
inner and outer tubes, whence the water and steam pass into the second compart-
ment of the chamber.
By preference we construct this chamber of a flat box-shape the two ends of
which are closed by covers bolted or rivetted to flanges or angle irons on the sides,
and stayed to each other, and the outer tubes are fixed to the one cover, preferably
by screwing into threaded holes therein, a water and steam tight joint being
insured by forming a collar on the tube with a circular chisel edge, or separate
jointing ring, which, on screwing the tube in, is made to bite into the faced surface
of the chamber cover.
The closed ends of the tubes are supported in their horizontal or inclined
position by plates forming the side of the combustion chamber of the furnace.
They are preferably formed with a square or other shaped end by which they are
turned for screwing them into the water chamber.
These ends are enclosed by a hinged cover, situated above the fire door.
Instead of fixing the outer tubes by screwing as described, they may be fixed by
expanding in the usual way, for which purpose openings closed with covers may be
formed in the outer cover of the water chamber, opposite each tube.
For preventing any leakage of air into the combustion chamber of the generator,
beyond that supplied at the grate, we arrange the flues leading to the chimney to
pass from the top of the combustion chamber in a downward direction to the
chimney flue, so as to insure a plenum of pressure in the chamber.

page_text: The thermal storage reservoir, which according to one arrangement is a
horizontal cylindrical chamber, is situated at a higher level than the steam
generator, either immediately above the same or wherever convenient. The upper
part or steam chamber of this receiver communicates with the upper part of that
compartment of the generator into which the steam and water are delivered from
the outer tubes, the pipe effecting such communication being by preference
provided with a horizontal perforated portion in the said steam space, which portion
is covered by a curved shield which throws the issuing water downward, while the
steam rises upward to a steam pipe above. The lower part of the thermal storage
reservoir, which is filled with water, communicates by a pipe situated a certain
distance above the bottom thereof with the second compartment of the water
chamber of the generator, so that the water passes down from the storage reservoir
into this space; or the pipe may be carried up to the requisite height through the
bottom of the storage reservoir. The feed water is introduced into the storage
reservoir preferably through a perforated tube situated in the steam chamber, and
the solid matter is deposited in the space below the pipe by which the storage
receiver communicates with the water chamber of the generator, and is discharged
from time to time from such space through a blow-out cock at the bottom.
Suitable cocks or valves are provided for cutting off both the steam and the
water supply in some cases from the generators. A small safety is provided on
the generator to prevent any accident when these cocks are shut, and a small drain
pipe is fitted at the bottom of the generator for emptying it when not in use.
We prefer to arrange the blow-out in the thermal storage vessel as near under
the feed entry as possible and to have the feed delivery from the thermal storage
vessel to the generator as far removed as possible from the feed entry,
In-tead of a horizontal storage reservoir, a vertical arrangement may be
employed. In either case, we enable the water level in the reservoir to be
indicated without the use of glass gauges by providing a solid heavy float which
is so balanced by a weight externally of the boiler that the water level can be
seen at once from the position of such external weight.
For this purpose, in the horizontal arrangement of the thermal storage reservoir
we mount the float on the end of a lever on a spindle passing through a stuffing
box in the side or end of the reservoir, and carrying an external arm with the
balance weight, so that the position of this weighted arm on a fixed scale will
indicate the water level. In order to make sure that the spindle does not stick,
the external arm can be moved up and down by hand, when it will be at once felt
when the float tonches the water. For the vertical arrangement of the storage
reservoir, or where a considerable range of water level requires to be indicated,
we provide at the upper and lower ends of the reservoir two horizontal spindles
passing through stuffing boxes in the side thereof and provided both on the internal
and the external parts with pullies over which pass endless chains or wire cords, of
which the internal one carries a heavy float while the external one carries on the
opposite side of the loop a balance weight, so that as the water level varies,
the float and balance weight will rise and fall in opposite directions, and by moving
the balance weight and its chain up and down by hand the position of the water
level will be felt by the resistance offered thereby to such motion.
iti
bud
The above described improved arrangements of balanced indicator-floats are
obviously also applicable to other constructions of steam generators..
Dated this 8th day of January 1895.
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LADATTO ILAD Ava!

page_text: Improvements in Steam Generators.
We, DRUITT HALPIN, Engineer, of 17 Victoria Street, in the County of
London, and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of the firm Manlove Alliott & Co. of
Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described:
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates mainly to a construction of steam generator which is
composed of two distinct parts namely firstly, one or more generators heated by
fires and secondly a storage vessel into which the steam from the generator or
generators is delivered, and which is supplied with the feed water for the
generators, which water flows into the latter after having deposited its solid matter
in the storage vessel.
Steam generators constructed and operating in this manner were described in the
Specification to Halpin's Patent No. 363 of 1892.
According to the present invention we construct such steam generators and their
thermal storage reservoirs as follows:
Above a furnace grate we arrange rows of horizontal inclined or vertical water
tubes closed at one end and communicating at their other end with a compartment
of a water chamber which, in the case of the horizontal or inclined arrangements
is formed preferably as a rectangular upright box, forming one end of the
generator. From a partition which divides this water chamber into two
compartments, inner tubes extend into the above mentioned outer tubes, having
their inner ends open, so as to provide for the circulation of water through the
concentric tubes to and from the two compartments of the chamber, in a similar
manner to the well known Perkins and Field tubes, that is to say, the water.
passes from the outer compartment through the inner tubes into the annular space
between the inner and outer tubes, whence the water and steam pass into the second
compartment of the chamber.
By preference we construct this chamber of a flat box-shape the two ends of
which are closed by covers bolted or rivetted to flanges or angle irons on the
sides, and stayed to each other, and the outer tubes are fixed to the one cover,
preferably by screwing into threaded holes therein, a water and steam tight joint:
being insured by forming a collar on the tube with a circular chisel edge, or
separate jointing ring, which, on screwing the tube in, is made to bite into the faced
surface of the chamber cover.
The closed ends of the tubes are supported in their horizontal or inclined position
by plates forming the side of the combustion chamber of the furnace.
They are preferably formed with a square or other shaped end by which they
are turned for screwing them into the water chamber.
"
These ends are enclosed by a hinged cover, situated above the fire door.
Instead of fixing the outer tubes by screwing as described, they may be fixed'
by expanding in the usual way, for which purpose openings closed with covers may,
be formed in the outer cover of the water chamber, opposite each tube.
For preventing any leakage of air into the combustion chamber of the generator,
beyond that supplied at the grate, we arrange the flues leading to the chimney to
pass from the top of the combustion chamber in a downward direction to the
chimney flue, so as to insure a plenum of pressure in the chamber.
The thermal storage reservoir, which according to one arrangement is a'
horizontal cylindrical chamber, is situated at a higher level than the steam generátor,
either immediately above the same or wherever convenient.
The upper part or steam chamber of this receiver communicates with the upper
part of that compartment of the generator into which the steam and water are

page_text: 1
delivered from the outer tubes, the pipe effecting such communication being by
preference provided with a horizontal perforated portion in the said steam space,
which portion is covered by a curved shield which throws the issuing water
downward, while the steam rises upward to a steam pipe above. The lower part of
the thermal storage reservoir, which is filled with water, communicates by a pipe
situated a certain distance above the bottom thereof with the second compartment
of the water chamber of the generator, so that the water passes down from the
storage reservoir into this space; or the pipe may "be carried up the requisite.
height through the bottom of the storage reservoir. The feed water is introduced
into the storage reservoir preferably through a perforated tube situated in the
steam chamber, and the solid matter is deposited in the space below the pipe by
which the storage receiver communicates with the water chamber of the generator,
and is discharged from time to time from such space through a blow out cock at
the bottom.
Suitable cocks or valves are provided for cutting off both the steam and the
water supply in some cases from the generators. A small safety valve is provided
on the generator to prevent any accident when these cocks are shut, and a
small drain pipe is fitted at the bottom of the generator for emptying it when not,
in use.
We prefer to arrange the blow-out in the thermal storage vessel as near under
the feed entry as possible and to have the feed delivery from the thermal storage
vessel to the generator as far removed as possible from the feed entry.
Instead of a 'horizontal storage reservoir a vertical arrangement may be
employed. In either case, we enable the water level in the reservoir to be
indicated without the use of glass gauges by providing a solid heavy float which is
so balanced by a weight externally of the boiler that the water level can be seen
at once from the position of such external weight.
For this purpose, in the horizontal arrangement of the thermal storage reservoir
we mount the float on the end of a lever on a spindle passing through a stuffing
box in the side or end of the reservoir, and carrying an external arm with the
balance weight, so that the position of this weighted arm on a fixed scale will
indicate the water level. In order to make sure that the spindle does not stick,
the external arm can be moved up and down by hand, when it will be at once felt
when the float touches the water. For the vertical arrangement of the storage
reservoir, or where a considerable range of water level requires to be indicated, we
provide at the upper and lower ends of the reservoir two horizontal spindles passing
through stuffing boxes in the side thereof and provided both on the internal and
the external parts with pullies over which pass endless chains or wire cords, of
which the internal one carries a heavy float while the external one carries on the
opposite side of the loop a balance weight, so that as the water level varies, the
float and balance weight will rise and fall in opposite directions, and by moving
the balance weight and its chain up and down by hand the position of the water
level will be felt by the resistance offered hereby to such motion.
The above described improved arrangements of balanced indicator-floats are
obviously also applicable to other constructions of steam generators.
On the accompanying drawings are shewn by way of example two arrangements
of boilers constructed according to my above described invention.
Fig. 1 shews a vertical section of one arrangement, Figs. 1, 2 and 3 shew
details. A is the steam generator and B is the thermal storage reservoir which
in this case is arranged vertical; it may either be situated immediately above the
steam generator A, as shewn, or at any convenient distance from it. The generator
consists of a horizontal box 1 of any convenient shape, which is divided by a
partition plate 2 into two separate compartments. Into the bottom plate 3 of the
box are fixed the upper open ends of vertical pendent tubes 4 that are closed at
their lower ends and situated in the combustion chamber, in which, 7 are the
furnace bars, & the ashpit, 9 vertical flues through which the combustion gases
pass down from the top of the combustion chamber after acting upon the tubes 4,

page_text: and are conveyed through the common flue 10 to the chimney. In boilers of the
portable, marine or similar types the brickwork shewn would be replaced by a
suitable casing with a non-conducting lining.
Into the tubes 4 extend inner-circulating tubes 6 secured at their upper ends by
conical mouth pieces 5 to the partition plate 2. Holes closed by bonnets 20
are provided in the top plate 43 of the box 1 for fixing and gaining access to the
tubes.
The thermal storage reservoir B consists of a vertical cylindrical shell 11 into
which the steam generated in the boiler A ascends through pipe 12, communicating
with the lower compartment of box 1, while the water supply descends from the
lower part of 11 through pipe 15 into the upper compartment of box 1.
The steam pipe 12 is led up through the reservoir to near the top thereof where
it is provided with a downward bend in order to throw down any priming water
that may be carried over by the steam; the part of the pipe down to below the
lowest water level is preferably provided with perforations.
The feed water is supplied at the top of the reservoir through the pipe 13, and
immediately below this a funnel mouthed tube 16 is provided into which the feed
water flows from 13, so that any solid impurities carried by the feed water is
confined to this tube and prevented from mixing with the bulk of the water, being
eventually deposited at the bottom, whence it is withdrawn from time to time
through a blow-off pipe 17. The steam is taken from the top of the reservoir 11
through a perforated ring steam collecting pipe 14 from which it is led through a
pipe 14 to wherever required.
In order to ascertain readily the level of the water in the reservoir 11, a heavy
float 36 is attached to the one side of an endless chain 37, as shewn in front view
at Fig. 3, which chain passes over sprocket wheels 19, 19, the latter of which is
fixed on a spindle 18 passing through a sleeve provided with a stuffing box and
carrying on its outside end a sprocket wheel 38 with endless chain 39 carrying a
balance weight 40 and a pointer 41 as shewn at Fig. 2.
Thus the float 36 being balanced by the weight 40 situated on the side of the
chain 39 opposite that on which the float is situated on 37 it will rise and fall with
the water level, which will be indicated by the pointer 41.
The inner chain 37 is kept taut by mounting the lower sprocket wheel 19 in a
sliding frame. The outside chain 39 is guided by passing through a pair of
leads 42.
Figs. 4 to 7 shew an arrangement in which the water and steam tubes of the
generator A are arranged horizontal and in which the storage reservoir B is also
placed horizontal. Fig. 4 shews a part elevation and part cross section through
the boiler and a longitudinal section through the storage reservoir, Fig. 5 shews
a longitudinal section through the boiler and a cross section of the storage reservoir;
Figs. 6 and 7. shew enlarged details of the tubes.
The boiler A consists, as before, of a box 1, divided by the partition plate 2 into
an outer and inner compartment, the outer tubes 4 being made to communicate with
the inner compartment and the inner tubes 6 with the outer compartment. The
box 1 is however in this arrangement placed vertical, and the tubes horizontal, the
closed ends of the tubes 4 being supported by a plate 29, through holes in which
they pass. 30 is a door enclosing the plate 29 so as to prevent loss of heat by
radiation. 31 are the grate bars and 32 the furnace mouth, 33 is a flue leading
from the top of the combustion chamber to the main flue 34. 35 is a safety valve
on the box 1.
The outer tubes 4 may either be made with a collar 4* having a circular chisel
edge as shewn at Fig. 6 so as to bite. slightly into the tube plate when screwed
homé, in order to make a metallic water tight joint, or the collar may be made
plain as at Fig. 7 and a ring of rectangular section be inserted between it and the
tube plate for making the water tight joint.
For facilitating the screwing in of, the tubes 4, they may be provided with a
square end as shewn at Fig. 7; they may however also be fixed by expanding,

page_text: access being gained through the holes in the outer plate closed by bonnets 20 as in
the first arrangement. These are also enclosed by a door 28. The box 1 is made
"with its upper side of angular shape as shewn at Fig. 4, and to the top of this part
are fixed the water supply pipe 26 and the steam discharge pipe 27 which connect
it to the storage reservoir B.
This consists of the horizontal vessel 21 in which the steam pipe 27 is carried up
to the top and is perforated as before, the top of the pipe being covered by a hood
for throwing down the priming water, while the water supply pipe 26 takes the
water from the bottom at the end farthest away from the inlet for the feed water 24
situated at the other end and below this is the blow off pipe 25 for sediment, the
steam is taken off through the perforated pipe 22 at the other end of 21; 23 is a
safety valve and 44 is a glass water gauge.
The storage reservoir in both the above described arrangements is preferably
kept as high as possible above the steam generator so as to promote the circulation
of the water as much as possible.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is -
1. In steam generators of the kind herein referred to, the combination of a box
forming one side of a combustion chamber and divided by a partition into two
compartments, concentric tubes situated in the combustion chamber and com-
municating respectively with one of the said compartments, and an upper storage
reservoir the upper part of which communicates with the compartment of the said
box with which the outer tubes are connected, while the lower part communicates
with the compartment with which the inner tubes are connected, substantially as
described.
2. In a steam generator such as is referred to in the first claim, the combination
with a vertically or horizontally placed shell 11 or 21 of a steam pipe 12 or 27
communicating with the one compartment of the box 1 of the generator, and
passing up to the upper part of the storage vessel; a water supply pipe 15 or 26
connecting the lower part of the storage vessel with the second compartment of the
generator a supply pipe for feed water 13 or 24 at the upper part of the storage
reservoir and a perforated steam pipe 14 or 22 for taking off the steam at the
upper part of the storage reservoir, substantially as described with reference to the
drawings.
3. In a steam generator such as is referred to in the first claim, the combination
of a box divided by a partition plate 2 into two compartments, outer steam
tubes 4 fixed to the inner plate 3 of the box and communicating with the one
compartment, inner tubes 6 fixed to the partition 2, and communicating with the
other compartment, openings in the outer plate of the box closed by bonnets 20
for gaining access to the tubes, a pipe 12 or 27 connecting the inner compartment of
the box with the steam space of the storage vessel and a pipe 15 or 26 connecting
the outer compartment with the water space of the storage vessel, substantially as
described with reference to the drawings.
4. The combination with a steam generator of apparatus for indicating the level
of the water in the vessel consisting of an internal and an external endless chain or
cord which pass respectively over internal and external pullies fixed on one and the
same axis, the internal chain carrying a heavy float while the outside one carries a
balance weight on the side of the chain, opposite that on which the float is fixed on
the inner chain, substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1895.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.