IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hill Pennycook, of Glasgow, in the County_of
Lanark, North Britain, Gas Heating and Ventilating Engineer, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES."
Sealed the 18th April 1878, and dated the 23rd October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hill Pennycook at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1877.
CHARLES HILL PENNYCOOK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Gas Heating and Ventilating Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES."
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of vertical tubular
stove for heating and generating currents of air, for the heating and ventilation of
buildings, ships, railway carriages, or the heating of drying chambers, ovens, kilns,
or other like heating and drying purposes where currents of heated air are required,
which improvements will be more simple, durable, economical, and efficient than
such stoves have been as heretofore constructed.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in constructing the heating
chamber of the stove above the furnace as a close outer case range vertically, pre-
ferably cylindrical, and of malleable or sheet iron, with one, two, or more annular
rows of small tubes fitted tightly through a close top end and a semi-annular close
bottom end, having a round or semicircular end elongated fire-grate and furnace in
the centre, with lateral opening and furnace mouth fitted above a closed-in ash-pit
of the same shape, the lower ends of the annular tubes over the furnace being kneed
and jointed laterally through the outer case above the fire-door, and fitted with a
circular or semicircular baffle plate, or it might be a closed-in chamber round their
outsides to receive and insure the free entrance of the air to be heated in passing
through them, the sides of the furnace extending some distance up to retain the

page_text: burning fuel and protect the lower ends of the annular sets of tubes ranged
round it.
The close ash-pit would be of sufficient height to allow the free inlet of the fresh
air to be heated up into the lower ends of the set or sets of annular tubes round its
sides and back, the space outside of which might be closed in when it is desired to
draw fresh air from the outside or other part of the building, and which would be
led to this chamber by a pipe or pipes controlled by á valve; and the close ash-
pit would be fitted with a closing cleaning-out door in front, preferably a few inches
off the floor or bottom, which might be fitted with a shallow water pan inside to
receive the small ashes and prevent the risk of fire, and this close ash-pit would also
be fitted with pipes controlled by valves to draw the vitiated or other air of the
apartment to pass through the grate and fire to support combustion; or the same air
might be returned and re-heated or super-heated; and the waste heated products
of combustion would be led off by a pipe or flue, controlled by a valve or damper
from the close outer case or heating chamber, preferably about the middle, or some
considerable distance from the top, so that the upper outer surface of the tubes
would always be surrounded with the heated gases or products of combustion from
the furnace at the top of the heating chamber, and so insure the passing of a
strong constant current of highly heated air-through these annular ranged tubes
from bottom to top, from which it may be led away to any part of the building, or
distributed as desired. And the furnace door might be fitted with the usual slide
or other valve for the admission of air to ignite and burn the gases over or above the
fire.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Hill Pennycook in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd April 1878.
CHARLES HILL PENNYCOOK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Gas Heating and Ventilating Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES."
My said Invention relates to a new or improved construction of vertical tubular
stove for heating and generating currents of air for the heating and ventilating of
buildings, rooms, or apartments thereof, and also of ships, railway carriages, or the
heating of drying chambers, ovens for kilns, or other like heating and drying pur-
poses, where currents of heated air are required, which improvements will be more
simple, durable, economical, and efficient than such stoves have been as heretofore
constructed.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said Invention
may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the
purpose of showing the best modes and means or construction of the new
improved stove I am at present aware of for putting the Invention into effect or
practice, the same reference letters and numerals indicating the like parts in all the
Figures where shown.
---
or
Figures 1 and 2 are a front elevation and plan; and Figures 3 and 4 are a
sectional side elevation and horizontal section taken on the lines 1 - - 1 and 2-2,
each on the other, all respectively of one construction or close arrangements of my
new or improved stove for general heating purposes, all constructed in accordance
with and illustrative of my said Invention or improvements.
-
Figures 5 and 6 show a front elevation, half in section, and a corresponding
transverse section; while Figure 7 is a horizontal section taken near the lines
3 3,4 4, and 55, all of an oper construction of the fire-grate, for the more
perfect and economical heating and ventilating of rooms thereby, than has heretofore
been done by these open fire-grates.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4, my said Invention or close heating arrangement
of stove consists in constructing the close-heating chamber a above the furnace
grate a', some distance above the ground or ash-pit b, all of a close outer case A,
ranged vertically and preferably cylindrical, of malleable or sheet iron, with one, two,
or more annular vertical rings or rows of small tubes A¹, fitted tightly through the
close top end A2, and a semi-annular close bottom end A3; having a round or semi-
circular end elongated fire-place and furnace a¹ in the centre, close over this end A²,
with the fire-grate in it, with a lateral opening and closing-in furnace mouth all
fitted above the closed-in ash-pit of the same shape, both with sliding or other
opening and closing doors a², 62. The lower ends of the annular tubes A¹ in front
are placed immediately over the furnace mouth a", being kneed and jointed laterally
through the outer case A at A" above the fire-door and plate a², 62, (or they
might be bent vertically and jointed through the bottom A³, at the sides A of the
furnace a¹) where they are fitted with a circular or semicircular closed-in chamber
B, B', round their outer open end at A", A³, to receive and ensure the free entrance
of the air to be heated in passing through them, either fresh and direct from the
outside of the house, or otherwise, as desired. The sides of the furnace part a'
extend some distance up, either made of fire-brick or perforated metal plates, or
other equivalent, to retain the burning fuel and protect the lower ends of the
annular sets of air-heating tubes A' ranged round it, from being burned.
The close end A³ and ash-pit b are made of sufficient height, and seperated by the
brick or other division 61, to allow the free inlet of the fresh air to be heated up into.
the lower ends of the set or sets of annularly ranged tubes A¹, round the back out-
sides of the ash-pit b, from the closed-in space B outside, which is preferably closed
in when it is desired to draw fresh air from the outside or other part of the building,

page_text: and led to this chamber B for this purpose by a pipe or pipes controlled by a valve
not shown in the Drawings. The close ash-pit b would be fitted with a closing and
cleaning out door 62 in front, preferably a few inches off the floor or bottom, which
would be fitted with a shallow water pan 62 inside to receive the small ashes and
prevent the risk of fire. This close ash-pit b may, in addition to the front air-door
62, be fitted with pipes 63, controlled by valves, not shown in the Drawings, to draw
the vitiated or other air of the apartment, or other part of the building desired to
be ventilated, to pass through the grate and fire to support combustion, or otherwise,
when desired; the same air heated by passing through the heated tubes A¹ might be
returned and re-heated or super-heated, as for drying ovens and for heating purposes.
The waste heated products of combustion from the furnace and close-heating
chamber a, a¹, would be led off, quite seperate from the heated currents, after
heating these from the outside of the tubes by a pipe or flue C, preferably about
the middle or some considerable distance from the top of the chamber A, a, all as
indicated by the darts in Figure 3, and controlled by a valve or damper c for the
purpose, and which might be opened and closed automatically by a metal wire or
rod c', by its expansion and the heat of the furnace chamber a, the valve opening
when the furnace is too cold, and closing when it is to hot, to prevent over-heating
and risk of fire. The upper outer surface of the tubes A¹ would thus always be
surrounded by the heated gases or products of combustion from the furnace a¹ at-
the top of the heating chamber A, a, and, so insure the passing of a strong constant
current of highly heated air through the annularly ranged tubes A', from bottom to
top, all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3, and from which it may be led away
to any part of the building, or distributed as desired, for heating and -ventilating
the building with fresh heated air in the proportion desired; and the furnace door
might be fitted with the usual slide or other valve for the admission of air to ignite
and burn the gases over or above the fire.
.
Referring to the modification or arrangement of my said improvements, Figures
5, 6, and 7, shown as applied to "register" or open grates; Z is the open fire-grate,
and the ash-pit, so far much of an ordinary construction, but having a close
back-heating chamber A, a, formed all round, hehind, and over the sides of the fire-
place, closely fitted and filled with parallel rows of air-heating tubes A¹ extending
from the close ends at top and bottom A2, A3, with a closed air entering chamber
B below, and hot outlet air chamber 1) above, fitted with ornamental or other open
front E for admitting the fresh heated air direct into the apartment, all as indicated
by the arrows in Figure 6, and either regulated by a valve on the inlet or outlet to
these chambers band D, or when desired the hot air might be led away from the
chamber D by pipes to other parts of the room, or other apartments, for regulating
the heat and circulation of fresh air therein. The air to support combustion would
pass up through the grate Z and ash-pitz, as usual, and the heated gases and products
of combustion would pass into the new or improved closed heating chamber A, a,
and heat the tubes A¹, filling up either over or under the draught-regulating back
plate Z at the back of the fire-grate Z, and pass up to the throat tube e, through
the hot air chamber D, into the usual open chimney E, all as indicated by the darts
in Figure 6.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First. The general arrangement and construction of air-heating stoves, furnaces,
or fire-grates, with close inlet air chamber and vertical heating tubes, ranged round
the back, sides, and over the furnace, heated by the products of combustion therein,
so as to heat currents of air for heating and ventilating purposes, all substantially
as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or
any mere modification thereof.

page_text: Second. The construction and use of stoves or fire-places, with annular or parallel
rows of air-heating tubes, surrounding their sides and back for heating or ventilating
purposes, all substantially as herein-before described in reference to and shown in
the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hill Pennycook, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
C. H. PENNYCOOK. (L.S.)