Improvements in Rotary Churns.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Churns.
I ARCHIBALD MCMULLAN of Tullydoey in the County of Tyrone in Ireland
'Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the production of butter from cream or milk by means
of the rotation of the tub or barrel horizontally on a pivot or axis.
For this purpose I employ a circular tub or barrel slightly tapered towards the
top and rotated on a vertical spindle and a pivot set in a pedestal or footstep by
the aid of a bevelled pinion and spur wheel driven by manual or other motive
power.
The spindle, and pivot, footstep, pinion and spur wheel are mounted upon a
frame or stand in which the tub or barrel is supported and which is furnished with
a cross bar carrying two stationary but adjustable and removeable breakers. These
breakers consist of vertical rods fitted with a number of horizontal spokes or blades
each of which rods is placed between the spindle and the outer end of the cross bar
and so that the spokes stand in the cream or milk in the line of a chord of the
circular tub or barrel.
The breakers are furnished with thumb screws or butterfly nuts so as to be
adjustable in depth or direction and removeable when necessary or desired.
Dated 13th day of September 1893.
HYNDMAN & DICKSON,
6, Chichester Street, Belfast, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Churns.
1 ARCHIBALD MOMULLAN of Tullydoey in the County of Tyrone in Ireland
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the production of butter from cream or milk by means
of the rotation of the tub or barrel horizontally on a pivot or axis.
For this purpose I employ a circular tub or barrel slightly tapered towards the
top and rotated on a vertical spindle having a conical pivot set in a pedestal or
footstep by the aid of a bevel pinion and a bevel wheel or by friction cones or discs
driven by manual or other motive power according to previously well known usage
and arrangements; and in the milk or cream, midway between the spindle and wall
of the tub or barrel, I place two stationary but adjustable and removeable breakers
which consist of perpendicular rods nipped by means of thumb or butterfly nuts to
a horizontal bar on a supporting frame above and across the tub or barrel and
fitted with a number of horizontal spokes or blades standing in the line of a chord
of the circular tub or barrel which line intersects the vertical plane of the cross
bar above them obliquely so as to neutralize the centrifugal tendency of the cream
or milk and divert the portion of it at and near the circumference or wall of the
tub or barrel and the butter produced by the operation towards the spindle with
Price 8d.1

page_text: .
which it revolves and to more equally distribute its speed. The spokes or blades
of the breakers which I extend, preferably, from both sides of the perpendicular
rods reach nearly to the wall of the circular tub or barrel leaving only sufficient
space between their ends and such wall for freedom in their adjustment or removal
and the rods carrying them are nipped at the top to the cross bar already
mentioned through diagonal slots by screw pins and thumb or butterfly nuts
enabling their removal.
The spokes or blades on each side of the perpendicular rods lie preferably, but
not necessarily, in the same continuous straight line.
I
may provide the rods with screwed or threaded pins passing through the upper
cross bar and furnished with thumb or butterfly nuts for the adjustment of the
breakers vertically, if desired, at any depth in the milk or cream.
The spindle and pivot, pedestal or footstep, bevel pinion and wheel and the upper
cross bar carrying the breakers are mounted upon a frame or stand in which the tub
or barrel is supported.
The circular tub or barrel is made of oak or other suitable wood and has the
bottom recessed or raised so that the conical pivot on which it revolves may not
extend beyond the lower plane of its wall and that it may sit upright and steady on
a level surface when removed from the frame or stand as hereinafter mentioned.
The tub or barrel is hooped externally with metal rings in the usual way and may be
strengthened by means of an external central boss with radial bars or arms of iron
and a flanged iron hoop or band fixed on the under side of the recessed bottom and
within the extended wall thereof.
I make the vertical spindle of iron and piss it through the bottom of the tub or
barrel and fix it into the central boss outside. The lower end of the spindle is
projected through the bottom of the tub or barrel and finished off as a conical
pivot to work in the pedestal or footstep which I attach to the frame or stand.
The spindle is fixed to the bottom of the tub or barrel by a lock screw so that the
latter must rotate with it. The spindle is also projected above the top of the tub
or barrel and the upper cross bar and carries the bevel pinion gearing with the
bevel wheel which is placed on a shaft with crank handle, winch or pulley and
transmits the motive power. I provide the upper cross bar with an oval recess to
receive a correspondingly shaped detachable bush or collar bearing for the upper
projected part of the spindle and with a transverse slot into the oval recess to allow
the withdrawal of the spindle and tub or barrel from the frame or stand. I
enclose or clothe so much of the spindle as sits within the tub or barrel in a casing
of oak or other wood so that the milk or cream which is being operated upon may
not come in contact with the iron and receive any taint from it.
The casing or clothing of the spindle is tapered to the top and furnished with a
shoulder bearing against the bottom of the tub or barrel and is then contracted or
reduced in diameter and passed through the central opening in the bottom to the
central boss.
'
The frame or stand may be made of iron or wood and is provided below with a
cross bar to which the pedestal or footstep for the conical pivot on the spindle to
work in is attached and also with the slotted cross bar above the plane of the top
of the tub or barrel to receive the detachable bearing for the spindle and the upper
ends or pins of the vertical rods carrying the spokes or blades which form the
breakers.
And in order that my said invention may be better understood 1 shall now proceed
to refer to the several drawings on the sheet hereunto annexed the same letters of
reference indicating the same or corresponding parts of my machine throughout all
the figures thereon.
Fig. I is a part sectional elevation shewing the tub or barrel, clothed spindle with
conical pivot and the pedestal or footstep, the stationary breakers, the crossbars and
frame or stand to which they are attached and the bevel gearing, shaft and crank
or winch handle;

page_text: онуваше рат шу шасише з зewu in rig. 1;
Fig. III is a sectional elevation of the vertical spindle shewing the clothing and
conical pivot thereof;
Fig. IV is a plan of the vertical spindle ;
Fig. V is a plan of the slotted cross bar shewing the slots and oval recess
therein;
Fig. VI is a sectional elevation of the slotted cross bar and
Figs. VII and VIII are an elevation and a plan of the bush or collar bearing for
the projected top of the spindle.
a is the circular tub or barrel and b is the central vertical revolving spindle with
tapered and shouldered casing or clothing to which the tub or barrel is keyed or
otherwise attached and with which it revolves.
c is the conical pivot formed on the end of the vertical spindle, b, and working in
the pedestal or footstep d, attached to e, the lower cross bar of the frame f;
9, 9, are the stationary but adjustable and removeable breakers having horizontal
spokes or blades, h, h, h, h, standing in the line of chords of the circular tub or
barrel and attached to the slotted cross bar, i, above the tub or barrel by means of
the screwed pins, k, k, and thumb or butterfly nuts, 1, 1; m, m, are the diagonal
slots in the slotted cross bar, i, for the adjustment and detachment of the
breakers, 9, 9, and n is the.oval recess and n' the transverse slot in the same bar for
the reception of the bush or collar bearing, o, which supports the upper projected
portion of the vertical spindle, b, and admits of the withdrawal of the tub or barrel
by lifting the bush or collar bearing, o, vertically out of the recess, n, and drawing
the top of the vertical spindle through the transverse slot n¹; p is the bevel pinion
or cone on the top of the spindle; q is the bevel wheel or disc on the shaft and s
is a crank or winch handle for giving motion thereto; t is the central boss into
which the end of the central vertical spindle 6 is screwed and held by a pinching
screw t¹; u, u, are the radial bars or arms and the flanged hoop or ring
attached externally to the recessed bottom and projected wall of the tub or barrel
to strengthen it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I would have it to be under-
stood that I am aware of churns rotating upon vertical spindles furnished with fixed
splashers or wings and churns with breakers fixed upon the sides of the vessel and
also rotating vertical spindles with dashers attached to them having been patented
in past times but the same are not now in use having been found defective and
therefore discarded and that rotary reciprocating churn bodies or casks and
vertically reciprocating dasher rods provided with blades have also been patented
and used and I do not claim as of my invention or the exclusive use of circular
tubs or barrels with recessed bottoms, vertical revolving spindles with conical pivots
and clothed or encased, stationary breakers with horizontal spokes or blades, slotted
crossbars and central bosses with radial bars or àrms and a flanged hoop or band
except when the same are constructed specially and employed as herein described,
nor do I claim the use of frames or stands bushes or collar bearings, screwed pins,
thumb or butterfly nuts, pedestals or footsteps, bevel gearing, cones or discs, shafts
and crank or winch handles or any of the separate mechanical parts which form the
rotary churning machine employed by me but I declare that I claim.
1. The manufacture and use of a machine for the production of butter from
cream or milk in which the breakers are stationary but adjustable and removable
while the tub or barrel is made to revolve with a vertical spindle and circulate the
milk substantially in the manner herein before described and shewn in the drawings
hereunto annexed;
2. The manufacture and use in rotary machines for the production of butter, of
stationary breakers constructed and employed substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein before described and shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed; and

page_text: 3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting my improved rotary
machine constructed and employed substantially in the manner and for the purposes
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 12th day of June 1894.
HYNDMAN & DICKSON,
6, Chichester Street, Belfast, Agents for Applicant.