Improvements in the Construction of Metal Billets and in the Manner of Working them in the Reducing Process or Processes for the Production of Metal Plates, Bars, and like Articles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1900 -Accepted, 17th Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Metal Billets and in the Manner
of Working them in the Reducing Process or Processes for the
Production of Metal Plates, Bars, and like Articles.
We, WILLIAM LAURENCE RUSHTON, Manufacturer, and AUGUSTINE BALDWIN,
Engineer, both of 407, Liberty Building, Liberty Street, New York, in the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The invention consists essentially of improvements in the construction of
metal billets and in the manner of working them in the reducing process or
processes for the production of metal plates, bars, and like articles, whereby
superior products in respect of finer, tougher, and stronger articles generally,
and especially more powerful projectile resisting armor plates are obtained as
hereinafter described.
In the first place the scrap is rolled or hammered into muck bars in the usual
way, care being taken to select, arrange, and combine the scrap by the mixture of
hard and soft stock so as to unite the qualitities of both in a medium grade, so
that hard stock, as high carbon steel which alone would be too brash, and soft iron
that would be too yielding unite in a temper comprising the good qualities of both.
When shafting or tubing or other round form is to be produced the muck bars
are produced in segmental form in cross section, suitably to pile in cylindrical form
with a hollow central core, and arranged with an enveloping and retaining band of
thin sheet iron, using a single such cylindrical pile when tubing is to be produced,
but for shafting two, three or more such piles will be employed one within the
other according to the size required, each pile having its retaining and protective
band, and covers will also be employed when in making some kinds of bars it may
be desirable to exclude the air during the first passes of the billet through the rolls,
or during the first part of the hammering to prevent certain effects of the oxygen
upon the metal.
If a soft solid centre is desired the hollow core of the first or inner pile will be
filled with soft wire or coils of wire, or a tube of soft metal may be inserted
to form a soft inner surface of a hollow shaft and the inner pile may be of soft
material, and the outer pile or piles may be of harder material.
For armor plates, boiler, and other plates as for ship building and the like,
similar muck bars will be provided but adapted in shape to pile flatwise in layers
alternately crossing each other, and these piles will also be employed in a thin
confining and protective jacket.
In producing tubes or hollow shafts the hollow core is to be filled with silica or
other refractory material that may be packed in hard, and confined at the ends
with plugs to form the core for controlling the inner wall, such a core will

page_text: elongate in unison with the elongation of the shaft and may be subsequently
removed readily by drilling out.
It will be seen that by first producing uniform muck bars, from the scrap and
piling them uniformly, shafts, bars or plates so produced will be of much more
uniform and reliable character, than when built up by adding on scrap billets
from time to time as the reduction goes under the hammer, and tubes and hollow
shafting especially can be produced to better advantage and of better quality.
In producing structural bars the muck bars will be united in the billet,
practically the same as in shafting, that is, lengthwise side by side but not in
cylindrical form.
Dated the 8th day of Nov 1800
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London.
For the Applicants.
Improvements in the Construction of Metal Billets and in the Manner
of Working them in the Reducing Process or Processes for the
Froduction of Metal Plates, Bars, and like Articles.
We, WILLIAM LAURENCE RUSHTON, Manufacturer, and AUGUSTINE BALDWIN,
Engineer, both of 407, Liberty Building, Liberty Street, New York, in the
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The invention consists essentially of improvements in the construction of
metal billets and in the manner of working them in the reducing process or
processes for the production of metal plates, bars, and like articles whereby
superior products in respect of finer, tougher, and stronger articles generally,
and especially more powerful projectile resisting armor plates are obtained as
hereinafter described.
Our invention will be described by the aid of the accompanying drawing in
which―
Fig. 1, is an end view of a billet for marine shafting, with a soft tough centre,
part of the end of the billet being uncovered.
Fig. 2, is an end view of a billet for like product with a hollow centre, and
also partly uncovered.
Fig. 3 is an end view of the billet as arranged for armor and other plate,
the said end being also partly uncovered.
Fig. 4, is longitudinal section of the upper half portion of the billet repre-
sented in Fig. 2 on line 2-2.
In the first place the scrap is rolled or hammered into muck bars in the usual
way, care being taken to select, arrange, and combine the scrap by the mixture of
hard and soft stock so as to unite the qualities of both in a medium grade, so that
hard stock, as high carbon steel which alone would be too brash, and soft iron
that would be too yielding unite in a temper comprising the good qualities of
both.
When shafting or tubing or other round form is to be produced the muck bars a
are produced in segmental form in cross section, suitable to pile in cylindrical
form with a hollow central core, and arranged with an enveloping and retaining
sheath of thin sheet iron, b two, three or more such piles being employed one

page_text: within the other, according to the size required, each pile having its retaining
and protective sheath; and end covers will also be employed when in making
some kinds of bars it may be desirable to exclude the air during the first passes
of the billet through the rolls, or during the first part of the hammering to
prevent certain effect of the oxygen upon the metal.
The essential object of the sheaths on the inner piles is to employ a means of
tying the bars together that will not leave vacant space between outer sur-
face of the inner piles and inner surfaces of the outer piles as ties of narrow bands
or rows placed at intervals along the piles to hold the bars together would, but
they are also of value in furnishing uniform welding surfaces of soft metal to
the surfaces of the piles being welded.
it a soft solid centre is desired the hollow core of the first or inner pile will
be filled with soft wire or coils or wire d, or a tube of soft metal e may be inserted
to form a soft inner surface of a hollow shaft and the inner pile may be of soft
material, and the outer pile or piles may be of harder material.
For armor plates, boiler, and other plates as for ship building and the like,
similar muck bars f will be provided but adapted in shape to pile flatwise in
layers alternately crossing each other and these piles will also be enveloped in a
thin confining and protective jacket g.
In producing tubes or hollow shafts the hollow core is to be filled with silica
or other refractory material, that may be packed in hard, and confined at the
ends with plugs i to form the core for controlling the inner wall; such a core
will elongate in unison with the elongation of the shaft and may be subsequently
removed readily by drilling out.
It will be seen that by first producing uniform muck bars, from the scrap
and piling them uniformly, shafts, bars or plates so produced will be of much
more uniform and reliable character, than when built up by adding on scrap
billets from time to time as the reduction goes on under the hammer, and tubes
and hollow shafting especially can be produced to better advantage and of better
quality.
1
In producing structural bars the muck bars will be united in the billet, prac-
tically the same as in shafting, that is, lengthwise side by side but not in cylin-
drical form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The improvement in billets for shafting and other round shapes formed of
uniform muck bars of segmental cross section, and said bars arranged in a compact
round pile with a hollow core, and a band of confining and protective sheet metal
substantially as described.
2. The improvement in billets for shafting and other round shapes formed
of uniform muck bars of segmental cross section, and said bars arranged in a
compact pile with a hollow core, a filling of said core on which the pile may be
reduced, and a band of confining and protective sheet metal substantially as
described.
3. The improvement in billets for shafting and other round shapes, formed of
uniform muck.bars of segmental cross section, and said bars arranged in a
compact pile on a tubular core having a filling of refractory material secured
with plugs in the ends of the core on which the pile may be reduced and a band
of confining and protective sheet metal substantially as described.
4. The improvement in billets for shafting and other round shapes formed
of uniform muck bars of segmental cross section, and said bars arranged in a
compact pile or two or more elementary piles one within another, and a sheath
of confining and protective sheet metal to each pile substantially as described.
5. The improvement in billets for shafting and other round shapes, formed
of uniform muck bars of segmental cross section, and said bars arranged in a

page_text: compact pile of two or more elementary piles one within another, and a sheath of
confining and protective sheet metal to each pile substantially as described.
6. The improved billets substantially as described and illustrated.
101
1
1000
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London.
For the Applicants.