IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis Walker Leeds, of Parliament Street, in the City of
Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS
FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis Walker Leeds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1879.
LEWIS WALKER LEEDS, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
"IM-
My Invention relates to the heating by means of steam or hot water circulation,
and to the ventilation of apartments and other places, whereby an agreeable and
wholesome warmth is diffused, and an effective ventilation is also secured without
any injurious current of air.
These results are obtained by the aid of apparatus occupying but a small space,
capable of being erected and kept in order with facility, and having no injurious
action or influence upon the furniture or decorations of the apartments, or the places
in which the said apparatus are fitted.
In carrying out my Invention as applied, for example, to heating by means of
steam the apparatus is mainly composed of a pipe or conduit, in which is inserted
the ends of a series of bent shaped tubes, cach cast in one piece, and having
their two legs or branches separated by a partition extending along the pipe or
conduit. The steam is conducted into the said pipe or conduit from a boiler or
other convenient source, and thence enters one leg or branch of each of the bent
tubes; the steam then passes through the tubes, and is condensed by its passage,
and the water of condensation is discharged at the opposite side of the partition.
The apparatus thus constructed is placed in any convenient part of the room to be
heated, as for example, in a recess near or beneath the window, and the heat of the
circulating steam is transmitted through the sides of the tubes, and diffused by
radiation throughout the apartment.
The main steam supply pipe may be arranged vertically, and extend throughout
the entire height of the building, and from it extend branch pipes, which conduct
the steam into a compartment communicating with the pipe or conduit hereinbefore

page_text: referred to by means of a valve, with which the said compartment is provided.
This compartment is formed in one of the supports of the pipe or conduit, another
of its supports (also made hollow for the purpose) being utilized for the escape of
the water of condensation, which is discharged by branch pipes fitted with valves
into a return pipe similarly arranged to the main steam supply pipe.
The last tube of the series of bent tubes is provided with an automatic blow off
apparatus, so arranged that when the steam commences to enter the air escapes by
a suitable tube into a vertical discharge pipe, after which the blow off apparatus
closes automatically by becoming heated by contact with the steam. The said dis-
charge pipe also conveys away any water which may escape by leakage, and which
is conducted into the said pipe from a receiving plate or tray by a bent pipe
forming a water trap. The last mentioned pipe is made of a funnel shape, and
caused to enter the discharge pipe, whereby a supply of water in the trap is con-
stantly ensured.
The heating apparatus is provided with a cover, which may be set in the walls
80 ns to be separate from or independent of the apparatus, a space being left for the
free passage of the warm air. The cover is hollow for containing water, and thus
securing the desired moisture of the air, the water being supplied to the cover by a
ball cock.
The tubes for the water of condensation are cast in pairs, and the two branches
unite at the top and bottom.
The valves of the branch discharge pipes are composed by preference of elastic
material, such, for example, as a composition of india rubber and plumbago, with or
without other substances. Each valve is adapted to a seat provided in a valve box
or casing between an inlet and an outlet orifice, with which the said box or casing
is formed, the valve being mounted on a screw stem or spindle, and operated by a
handle or hand wheel. Valves of a similar construction and arrangement may be
employed for the admission of steam.
It will be understood that the heating apparatus is constructed of a number of
pieces united together, having only vertical faces without any projecting portions,
so as to fit oxactly in the recesses of windows or other places. The pipe or conduit
first herein before referred to is attached to its supports by screws or bolts so as to
admit of the distance between the supports being varied to suit the size of the
recess. The apparatus is also so arranged that a single series of patterns only is
required, the parts being reversible. Also the conduits are made of such a shape
and so arranged relatively to the flooring and walls as to facilitate cleaning.
In lieu of employing tubes of a shape in the heating apparatus, as herein before
described, the tubes may each consist of sets of two concentric tubes arranged the
one within the other, and a horizontal partition may be employed, the steam
entering the inner tube at its lower end and below the partition, and thence passing
through the tube and returning in a condensed or partially condensed condition by
the outer tube, whence it escapes above the partition, or entering by the outer tube
and returning by the inner tube if preferred.
Ventilation is obtained by openings made, say, for example, in the lower part of
the window frame or sash, and each fitted with a valve, in the front of each of
which openings I arrange a screen or partition, which is surmounted by wire gauze,
or net work, or similar reticulated material placed horizontally, the same having the
effect of intercepting any particles of dust which may have been carried along with
the current of air.
By the use of the combined beating and ventilating apparatus the heated air is
tempered by the mixture with it of the cold air admitted by the ventilator, whilst
the air of the apartment is constantly changed and a pure atmosphere maintained
without the danger and inconvenience of drafts which attend the use of the ordinary
systems of ventilation.
The heating apparatus herein before described may be used for hot water circula-
tion in lieu of steam if desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Lewis Walker Leeds in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
October 1879.
"IM-
LEWIS WALKER LEEDS, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
My said Invention relates to the heating by means of steam or hot water
circulation, and to the ventilation of apartments and other places, whereby an
agreeable and wholesome warmth is diffused, and an effective ventilation is also
secured without any injurious current of air. These results are obtained by the aid
of apparatus occupying but a small space, capable of being erected and kept in.
order with facility, and having no injurious action or influence upon the furniture
or decorations of the apartments, or the places in which the said apparatus are fitted.
In order that my said Invention may be perfectly understood I shall now proceed
to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, the
same letters of reference upon which indicate corresponding parts in all the
Figures
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a front sectional elevation of a combined
apparatus for heating and ventilating constructed according to my said Invention,
the said apparatus being adapted for heating by means of steam.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan (the section being taken along the line 1-2 in
Figure 1), and Figure 3 an end sectional elevation of the same, both corresponding
to Figure 1; Figures 4 and 5 are detail views illustrating a slightly modified con-
struction of the heating apparatus, Figure 4 being a front sectional elevation, and
Figure 5 a transverse vertical section of a portion of a heater.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is a pipe or conduit, in which is inserted the
ends of a series of shaped tubes B, having their two legs or branches b, b', sepa-
rated by a partition B' extending down into the pipo or conduit.
Each tube B, consisting of the two legs or branches b, b', is cast in one piece, the
opening left at its upper end for the convenience of casting being closed by a screw
plug b, and the partitions B' may either be cast in one piece with the tubes, as
represented in the Drawing, or attached to the tubes, as found most convenient.
The pipe or conduit A is supported at opposite ends respectively by valve boxes
C, C, with which respectively communicate a pipe D for the supply of steam from
any convenient source, and a pipe D' for the discharge of water of condensation
after the steam has performed its duty in the apparatus. These pipes may extend
vertically throughout the height of the building, branch pipes d', d, being provided
at suitable intervals connected with heating apparatus on the various floors for
example. The supply of steam from the pipes D, d, and the discharge of water of
condensation by the pipes d', D', is controlled by hand by means of valves fitted
within the valve boxes C, C. These valves each consist by preference of a block o
composed of india rubber and plumbago, with or without other materials, or a
block of an analogous composition contained within a case c', the latter being carried
by a screw stem or spindle c³, which passes through a stuffing box, and is provided
with a hand wheel on its exterior, by the act of operating which the valve
may be moved to or from its seat a, and the passage of the fluid regulated as
required.
In operating with this apparatus the hand wheel is turned, whereby steam is
admitted to the conduit A, and passing along the conduit is intercepted successively
by the several pendant partitions B¹. The steam is thus caused to ascend the leg
or branch b of each of the tubes B, whence it descends wholly or partially condensed
by the other legs or branches b', the water of condensation collecting along the
bottom of the conduit A.
When it is desired to discharge the water of condensation the steam supply valve

page_text: at C is closed, and the water discharge valve at C₁ is opened, and after the water
has been run off the discharge valve is closed, and the steam valve is again opened
for a fresh supply, and so on in succession as often as required.
The apparatus constructed in the manner herein before described is placed in any
convenient part of the room to be heated, as, for example, in a recess near or
beneath a window E, as shewn, and as the steam is admitted to and circulates
through the apparatus, as before described, its heat is transmitted through the sides
of the apparatus, and diffused by radiation throughout the apartment.
Over the apparatus is a cover F, which may be set in the walls so as to be
separate from or independent of the apparatus, a space being left at e for the passage
of the warm air. The cover is hollow for containing water to be evaporated,
whereby the desired moisture of the air is secured, the water being supplied to the
hollow cover by a ball cock f.
In order to admit of the egress from the apparatus of any air which may be
present when the steam is admitted a vent pipe G is provided, having a cock 8.
which is opened by hand. When the steam valve is opened and closed again as
soon as the air is expelled the said vent pipe debouching into a vertical discharge
pipe Gleading to the lower part of the building. If desired however, in lieu of
employing the cock g, an automatic device may be used, operating after the manner
of steam traps so as to admit of the egress of any air which may be present, but
close under the influence of the heat of the entering steam as soon as the air is
discharged.
The apparatus is conveniently carried in a tray H, in which is received any
water which may escape by leakage, and which is conducted into the pipe G₁ by a
pipe h, but so as to form an ordinary trap.
It is preferred to employ in combination with the improved beating apparatus
the following means of ventilating the apartment or place in which the heating
apparatus is situate :—
In the lower part of the window frame or sash are formed openings I, each of
which is fitted with a valve i capable of being set to any required degree of opening,
and of being entirely closed at will, and in front of the openings is arranged a
screen or partition K, which is surmounted by wire gauze, net work, or other
reticulated material k, the latter having the effect of intercepting any particles of
dust which may have been carried along with the current of air.
By the use of the combined heating and ventilating apparatus the heat from the
heating apparatus is tempered by the mixture with it of the cold air admitted by
the ventilator, whilst the air of the apartment is constantly changed, and a pure
atmosphere is maintained without the danger and inconvenience of drafts which
attend the use of the ordinary systems of ventilation.
As a modification in the construction of the tubes of the heating apparatus the
arrangement illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 may be employed. In this case the
tubes B cach consist of two contcentric tubes, videlict, an outer tube B and an
inner tube b¹ within the same, their lower ends respectively communicating with
the concentric passages A1, A2, of the conduit A, the central tube B¹ in which
forms the equivalent for the partitions herein before referred to.
The steam may
either be caused to enter the inner tubes b' and return (in a wholly or partially
condensed condition) by the outer tubes b, as indicated, or enter by the outer tubes
and return by the inner if preferred.
It will be observed that the heating apparatus in accordance with either modifi-
cation is constructed of a number of separate pieces united together, having only
vertical faces without any projecting portions so as to fit exactly in the recesses of
windows or other places. The main horizontal pipe or conduit is attached to its
supports by screws or bolts so as to admit of the supports themselves being used for
heaters of all dimensions, whilst any required length of pipe (composed of united
longitudinal sections if desired) may be interposed between the supports, according
to the size of the recess (for example) to which the heater is to be fitted. The

page_text: pipe is placed at a suitable distance above the floor so as to afford facilities for
cleaning underneath it. The apparatus is further so arranged that a single series
of patterns only is required, the whole of the parts being interchangeable, whereby
economy in construction is obtained.
The apparatus may be used for hot water circulation in lieu of with steam if
desired.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination in apparatus for heating by means of steam or hot water
circulation of pipes provided with pendent partitions, and fitted to a common
main pipe or conduit of valves contained within chambers or compartments forming
the supports of the said main pipe or conduit of a cover containing liquid to be
evaporated, and of air vent and other accessory devices, the whole of the parts being
constructed, and arranged, and combined so as to operate substantially in the
manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Second. The system of mode of heating and ventilating apartments or other
places for the purpose of obtaining a supply of fresh warmed air with an immunity
from drafts by the employment in combination of heating and ventilating apparatus,
constructed and arranged in proximity and relation to each other, as herein set forth,
so that the heat emitted from the heating apparatus shall be tempered by the
upward current of entering external nir, all substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lewis Walker Leeds, have to this my Speci-
fication set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
LEWIS W. LEEDS. (L.S.)