matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A POLE CHAIN CONNECTOR AND DISCONNECTOR FOR VEHICLES AND HARNESS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Whale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1870. .
I, DANIEL WHALE, of 8, Devonshire Street, in the City of London,
Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A POLE
CHAIN CONNECTOR AND DISCONNECTOR FOR VEHICLES AND HARNESS AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the connecting and dis-
connecting of chains, straps, and other parts in connection with harness.
that have a weight or strain upon them, being easily opened and so
constructed that nothing can interfere with or affect its action. It is
more especially intended for disconnecting the pole chain or strap from
the collars of horses instantly upon their falling down, and remedying
the evil which exists in the present mode of fastening by which a great
delay is caused in getting the horse up as well as the liability to injury
of the horse and those surrounding or assisting.
It is constructed in iron or other suitable metal in six different portions
to form the entire, and in various sizes but that of 4 inches in length and
one inch to one inch and a half in width will be found generally useful.

page_text: The upper part is in the form of a common chain link open at the
bottom, forming two ends or lugs having holes for a rivet; between these
lugs or ends are corresponding lugs of two depending jaws which are
attached by the rivet to the link portion forming a hinge like joint;
around the shoulders of the depending jaws a ring is placed which holds
them together; a spring between the jaws keeps the ring in its position
when closed to; a projection on the shoulders preventing the ring slipping
up; attached to the lower part of one of the jaws is a strong pin which
acts as a catch or hold for the attaching of a chain or strap, thus by
pressing the two jaws together the ring slips up, the jaws open, and the
chain or strap is instantly released; and for closing to or fastening on a
chain or strap the ends are slipped between the jaws on to the pin or
catch, the two jaws pressed together, and the ring slipped down, thus
closing and holding the attachment firm and secure.
New OR IMPROVED SAFETY CAGE FOR CHILDREN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Henry Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1870.
:
I, HENRY COLLINS, of St. Albans, in the County of Herts, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “A New
OR IMPROVED SAFETY CAGE FOR CHILDREN," to be as follows:-
--
My Invention of a safety cage has for its object the safe keeping and
protection of young children from accidents through fire or other cause,
so that they may be safely left alone in a room at any time, and not
nced-such constant supervision as is now requisite. Another advantago
derivable from the use of this safety cage is that children placed therein
arc-prevented from injuring themselves by falling when learning to walk.
The cage consists of an open framework of suitable size and of
|_ rectangular; oval, or other form, within which the child is placed when.
about to be left unattended and provided with toys or other means of
Famusement, the cage being-large enough to admit of the child moving
freely about therein. This open framework I make of wood, or preferably
of basket work, open at the top, and having a bottom or floor padded or

page_text: carpeted. The sides of the frame or cage are inclined inwards, that is to
say, the width of the cage is less at the top than at the bottom, so as to
avoid all liability of its being overbalanced should the child lean against
the sides, which are made sufficiently high to prevent the child climbing
over them. I mount this cage (which may also be used as a cot if 5
desired) on castors to facilitate its removal from place to place.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVEMENTS, WATERPROOF LININGS AND COVERINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Slingsby Bethell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1870.
I, HENRY SLINGSBY BETHELL, of 38, King William Street, in the
City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAVEMENTS,
WATERPROOF LININGS AND COVERINGS," to be as follows:-
I manufacture by means of an artificial composition such pavements
as are now made out of natural asphalte and called compressed asphalte
pavements, and I also manufacture waterproof linings & coverings by
means of the said artificial composition.
My artificial composition is formed by mixing mineral matters with
coal tar, or cannel coal oil, or with products of the distillation of coal
tar or cannel coal oil, or with any bituminous compound in which such
tar, oil, or products, whether in combination or separately, shall be the
principal ingredient. Such mixing is best performed by grinding the
mineral matters with the bituminous between millstones. The per-
centage of bituminous matters to be used will be found by the following
test, namely, that the composition when heated in a pulverulent state

page_text: shall not become fluid or lumpy at two hundred and twelves degrees
Fahrenheit, but on being compressed at that heat it shall become a hard
mass on cooling. The following will make a good composition, namely,
eighty-five parts marl, with fifteen parts coal-tar pitch; or else, eighty
parts clay, with five parts metallic powder, seven & a half parts coal
tar, and seven and à half parts coal-tar pitch.
1
I claim the sole right to use any artificial composition made by mixing
mineral, stoney, and carthy matters, separately or together, with coal
`tar, or 'cannel coal oil, or any products of the distillation of such tar,
or of such oil, or with any bituminous compound in which any such tar, i
oil, or products, separately or together, shall be the principal ingrédient
for the manufacture of pavements linings and coverings produced by
'spreading asphaltic material in the state of powder on the foundations
where it is to lie, and by consolidating such material. by the aid of heat
& compression.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ENABLING TRAMWAY AND. OTHER OMNIBUSES OR VEHICLES TO RUN UPON, AND LEAVE TRAM RAILS AT ANY POINT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gore and James Meacock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th August 1870..
We, GEORGE GORE, of Whitnash, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer, and JAMES MEACOCK, of Giltspur Street, in the City of London,.
Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ENABLING TRAMWAY AND. OTHER OMNIBUSES
OR VEHICLES TO RUN UPON, AND LEAVE TRAM RAILS AT ANY POINT," to be as
follows:-
In tramway carriages of the ordinary construction the wheels are
formed with flanges to run in the tram grooves, in order that the
carriages should follow and run upon the tram, but no provision has
been made for enabling the carriage to leave the tram and to run upon
the ordinary roadway, when other vehicles by accident or otherwise
are an obstacle to their progress.
Now our Invention relates to a means of overcoming the above by
making the wheels without flanges, so that they are capable of running
on any kind of road, and also to an apparatus to be fitted in front of or

page_text: behind the travelling wheels for retaining them on the tram or for
allowing them to leave it as desired.
The Invention consists chiefly in fitting upon the tie rods of the horn
plates or upon suitable brackets a depending frame in which a wheel or
wheels is or are arranged for taking into the grooves of the tramway 5
when the frames are moved in one direction, the movement being
governed by a screw and pinion or other equivalent appliances leading
from a handle within reach of the driver or of the conductor. The
apparatus may have the break blocks attached, in which case a partial
throw or movement of the apparatus would put the breaks on the wheels 1
or-take-them-off, and-a-continued movement would lift the frame wheels
clear of the ground, when the carriage could run in any direction and
upon the ordinary roadway. Our apparatus is applicable to all kinds of
vehicles, whether they are fitted with locking or swivelling arrangements
or not, the use of it will admit of ordinary four wheeled omnibuses 1
running upon a tram of any construction and leaving it at any point a
desired. The frames may move on centres as before referred to or they
may be raised and lowered vertically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stirling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1870.
I, JAMES STIRLING, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Locomotive Engineer, do heroby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY BRAKES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:
_
This Invention has for its object the working of the brakes of any
number of railway carriages or wagons by improved apparatus of a simple
and inexpensive construction, and which can be easily and effectively
controlled and regulated.
In carrying out the Invention steam from the locomotive boiler is
used, and is conveyed by suitable piping under the carriages or wagons
into cylinders, with one or more of which each carriage or wagon is
provided. Each cylinder is fixed to the framing in a vertical position,
and its piston rod is connected to the brake levers or wipers, the brakes
being applied by admitting the steam under the piston to lift it.
escape valve is fitted into the bottom of each cylinder and is loaded by:
An

page_text: a spring or otherwise to a pressure, which, taking the area of the piston
into account, is considered the maximum to which the brakes should in
each case be subjected, the piston area being made large enough for that
regulated pressure to be considerably below the full working pressure of
the locomotive boiler. At the same time that the escape valve prevents
excessive pressure from acting in the cylinders it provides for the blowing
out of the water due to the condensation of the steam. The steam is
let on when required by the engine driver who controls its action by
means of a three-way cock or equivalent valve. When the brakes have
been applied and are to be relieved the cock is turned to close the
communication with the boiler, and opens a communication with the
atmosphere by which the excess of steam above atmospheric pressure
escapes. The cock is then turned further round, which closes all com-
munication from the piping, and the imprisoned steam becoming rapidly
condensed, the atmospheric pressure acting on the tops of the pistons
against the vacuum so produced insures the return of the pistons. to the
bottoms of their cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1870.
I, JAMES PAIN, of Charles Street, Stepney, in the County of Middlesex,
Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
:―
My Invention relates to that description of velocipede known as the
bicycle," and its principal object is to facilitate the acquirement of the
art of riding these vehicles by providing a means of keeping the "bicycle"
in an upright position when not in motion, and if desired to assist in
maintaining its equilibrium while running.
I propose
to attach to the bar or beam which connects the fore and
hind wheels of the "bicycle" a rod or bar descending to within a short
distance of the ground; this bar will carry a shifting axle having a small
wheel at each end. This apparatus, which I propose to term an outrigger,
will be in connection by means of a cord or chain with the fore carriage,
and preferably with the guide bar, and the length of the axle carrying
the small auxiliary wheels should not exceed the length of this bar, so that

page_text: wherever the rider may drive with the bar at a right angle to the driving
wheel he may be sure the auxiliary wheels will pass without obstruction.
The action will be as follows:- When the rider mounts the "bicycle"
the auxiliary wheels of the outrigger resting upon the ground maintain
its upright position, and therefore he will not be compelled as at present
to set the "bicycle" in motion before leaping into the saddle, but having
seated himself conveniently he sets the vehicle in motion by means of
the treadles, and as it is while running supported upon four bearing
points, namely, the ordinary fore and hind wheel and the two auxiliary
outrigger wheels the vehicle retains its upright position without any
effort, upon his part. Having acquired sufficient confidence he may now
by turning the guide bar slightly wind up the cord or chain in connection
with the outrigger, thus raising the axle along the vertical bar and
lifting the outrigger from the ground depend only upon the ordinary
wheels, and should he slightly overbalance on the one side or the other
one of the auxiliary wheels will meet the ground and assist him in
recovering his balance._
No brake will be required, as the rider can stop his "bicycle" within
a very short distante by lowering the outrigger and pressing his feet
upon its axle.
My outrigger may be so fitted that it may be removed at pleasure;
thus the rider having become skilful may dispense with it when using
his "
bicycle" simply for amusement, but when travelling any distance
he will always find its use advantageous, inasmuch that he may stop
whenever he may desire, and rest without dismounting and placing his
vehicle against some support or laying it on the ground in the ordinary
unsightly manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADAPTING IRON VESSELS FOR RECEIVING AND CONVEYING SULPHURIC AND OTHER ACID LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Andrew Parnell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1870.
I, EDWARD ANDREW PARNELL, of Swansea, in the County of
Glamorgan, Manager of the Landore Alkali Works, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN ADAPTING IRON
VESSELS FOR RECEIVING AND CONVEYING SULPHURIC AND OTHER ACID LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists. in providing iron vessels which are intended
for the reception or conveyance of sulphuric and other acid liquids with
an internal lining of sulphur or sulphurous cement composed of sulphur
and an earthy material not casily acted upon by sulphuric acid or other
acid liquid, such, for example, as siliceous sand, sulphate of baryta,
sulphate of lime, clay, or other similar or analogous material. Tar or
pitch may if desired be incorporated with the cement, the materials

page_text: being heated in an iron vessel and thoroughly mixed. The cement is
applied to the surface of the iron whilst in a.heated and semi-fluid state,
and it is convenient to have the iron surface itself slightly heated whilst
the cement is being applied.
A NEW MOVABLE FORT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Spruyt de Bay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th October 1870.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM SPRUYT DE BAY, of 19, Great George Street,
Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW MOVABLE FORT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an armour plated
movable fort on wheels, of any convenient shape, and of about 10 yards
in length by 5 yards in height and 7 yards wide, or of any other
dimensions that may be found requisite.
This fort is constructed of armour plates bolted upon a strong iron
or steel framing and fitted when found necessary with a lining of soft
yielding material by which the vibration and concussion is lessened
during firing. It is arranged to receive a certain number of guns,
mitrailleuses, and other offensive weapons with accommodation for the
requisite proportion of men and ammunition for working the same.
A steam engine would propel the fort when it is placed on wheels having
the necessary provision for engineers and stokers and a sufficient supply

page_text: of coal and water. It is properly ventilated and is easily managed and
steered or directed: A low turret with one or more cannons or other
weapons could be arranged upon the same, if required, and it is fitted
with an electric light to light up the ground at night.
For passing over ditches of from 4 to 5 or more yards wide a falling
bridge is attached to the fort to be let down when necessary. Also a
field telegraph apparatus would be attached to keep it in communication
with the starting point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRAMES FOR PHOTO- GRAPHS AND OTHER SIMILAR OBJECTS OF ART
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joshua Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1870.
I, WILLIAM JOSHUA CLARKE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRAMES FOR PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND OTHER SIMILAR OBJECTS OF ART," to be as follows, that is to
say:
-
This Invention consists in making frames for photographs and other
similar objects of art in glass, by means of pressing or other available
methods, and afterwards ornamenting the mouldings or enrichment by
the introduction of colours, gilding, or other embellishment at the back
or on the front of the glass; the frames when pressed may be cut
in any design and afterwards enriched, if desired, in the manner above
stated, when they will have a highly ornamental appearance, and the
gilding or other enrichment will be preserved from discolouration.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER, SMELTING, REVERBERATING, AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Payne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1870.
I, WILLIAM PAYNE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Founder
and Ships' Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER, SMELTING, REVERBERATING,
AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object a convenient and economical means
of consuming liquid fuel, such as animal, vegetable, and mineral oils,
tar, spirit, tallow, or other inflammable substances, that is, liquid, or
conveniently capable of being liquified by heat or otherwise, in com-
bination with any ordinary solid fuel, and consists in introducing the
liquid fuel in a state of spray or finely divided particles in combination
with air, or steam, or aerated steam, and injected into the furnace either
on or into the bed of fuel. The liquid fuel is placed in a tank in any
safe and convenient situation, and is conveyed to the furnace by a pipe

page_text: or pipes suitably fitted to receive strong currants of air from a fan or
other source, or a currant or currants of steam, or aerated steam, or a
combination thereof, thus dividing the liquid into a fine spray and
distributing it in the furnace, thus insuring perfect combustion.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING IMPERSONATION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by.Charles Baylis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1870.
I, CHARLES BAYLIS, of the Poultry, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF PREVENTING IMPERSONATION," to be as follows :—
•
The chief object of this Invention is to identify the presenter of a
ticket or pass as the person to whom that document was issued. To this
end I propose to make the photograph of the real owner of the document
an integral part of the document itself, which will show on the portrait
being compared with the presenter of the ticket whether any fraud by
impersonation is being attempted or not.
In carrying out my Invention I propose to make the paper which
forms the face of the ticket or pass sensitive to light so that a photo-
graphic image may be obtained directly thereon, or in the case of
preparing railway and other tickets which are mounted in a case or upon
a stiff back-I-propose-to-cut-out-a-portion of the ticket and insert
between it and the mount a photographic picture of the holder of the
ticket, and by embossing or printing a fugitive border around the

page_text: portrait a means will be provided for detecting any surreptitious attempt
to change the picture. I also propose in some cases to prepare paper
with a silk or colored thread or threads woven into the same, and to
print over the threads the portrait of the person to whom the document
has been issued.
My Invention I propose to apply not only to railway tickets and to
passes for exhibitions of various kinds, but also to use it in the preparation
of letters of credit and for documents that will identify annuitants and
other documents of the like class.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING TRACES TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by John William Currier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1870..
I, JOHN WILLIAM CURRIER, of Newbury, Vermont, in the United
States of America, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING TRACES TO
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object a mode or modes of connecting or
fastening. traces to whiffletrees or other parts of carriages. in such a
manner as to relieve the pull on the hole or slot in the trace. For this
purpose a piece of metal with a curved or cam formed end is fixed to
the whiffletree or other suitable part of the carriage, over, to, or near
to which piece of metal is jointed a link, thereby forming between the
outer or curved end of the said piece of metal and the inside of the said
link a space adapted to receive the end of the trace. By this arrange-
ment when the end of the trace is inserted between the curved or cam
formed end of the said piece of metal and the said link the pulling on
the trace draws the link over the curved end of the picco of metal,

page_text: thereby contracting the space between them, and holding the traco
firmly therein by pressure on the sides of the trace. The inside of the
link is or may be furnished with a projecting pin or stud, on to which
the end of the trace having a hole in it is placed, a slot being also
formed in the curved end of the said piece of metal for the pin or stud 5
to move in. When no projecting pin or stud is employed to hold
the end of the trace a spring is or may be applied to prevent the
undue loosening of the end of the trace.
In some cases the part of the carriage to which the trace is intended
to be fastened may be formed with a curve so as to act like a fixed cam, 10
over which the link is drawn by the pull on the trace, thereby tightening
the end of the trace between the link and such fixed cam or part of the
carriage.
The mode of forming the cam and the link may be varied, so long
as they are adapted in combination to hold the end of the trace by 15
pressure on the sides thereof in the manner above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dawson and Nathaniel
Grace Lambert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th February 1870.
We, JOHN DAWSON, of Seaton Sluice, in the County of Northumber
land, and NATHANIEL GRACE LAMBERT, of Lowndes Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in glass and other furnaces,
and has for its object to economize fuel and to effect a more complete
consumption of the smoke.
In carrying out our Invention as applied to a glass furnace we
dispense with the usual air cave and cone, the necessary draught for
the furnace being obtained by a blast of air supplied thereto under
pressure. For this purpose we close in the furnace and ash-pit and
introduce a blast of hot or cold air by a suitable pipe. To obtain a
hot blast the air is conducted through flues in the furnace previous
to its introduction to the ash-pit. The fire communicates with the
chamber or furnace in which the vitrifaction of the materials is effected,

page_text: and from which the unconsumed products escape by a flue provided
with a suitable damper adjusted so as to retain the air continually under
pressure in the furnace, and thereby raise it to an intense heat. By
opening or closing the damper more or less the pressure and con-
sequently the heat of the furnace, may be increased or diminished as
required.
The furnace being heated to so high a degree as before stated, the
greater part of the smoke and other products will be consumed therein,
_ or, if necessary, the unconsumed products may be conveyed through the
exit flue to a second furnace, to be there consumed.
Ores may also be reduced in a furnace arranged and worked in the
above manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING FABRICS WATERPROOF, AND IN MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Angelo Lué at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1870.
I, ANGELO LUÉ, of Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RENDERING FABRICS WATERPROOF, AND IN MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITION TO BE
USED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and use of a novel solid
composition which although soluble in water even in the cold state
possesses this property that when applied as a solution to any kind of
fabric or tissue it will impart to them the property of repelling the
action of water, thus rendering them impervious to rain, at the same
time that they retain their original permeability as regards elastic fluids.
In order to prepare this waterproofing composition I dissolve gum
arabic in water to which spirits of wine or alcohol of commerce have
been added; I then take about 300 grammes of sulphate-of-alumina
and potash or soda, and having finely ground or pulverized it I mix
therewith about 15 grammes acetate of lead, also reduced to fine
very

page_text: powder. Upon this mixture I pour in small quantities at a time the
gummy solution above described until all the mixture is completely
moistened. This being done the whole is then kneaded like dough until
a homogeneous compound is produced. This compound is then made
up into balls by hand, or otherwise moulded. or shaped.
In order to apply this: composition to the waterproofing of the fabrics
or manufactured articles the "dressing" with which they are usually
impregnated is first removed, and the composition having been dissolved
in water the fabric or manufactured article is immersed in it and after-
wards allowed to dry, when it will be found to have become impervious
to water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKSCREWS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Sunderland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1870. Partly a communication from abroad by Robert
Stothert Kirkpatrick, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, EDWIN SUNDERLAND, trading under the Style or Firm of Coney
and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Steel Toy
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKSCREWS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the
manner herein-after described the parts of corkscrews.
According to one arrangement of the said Invention a toothed rack
is made on the inside of the corkscrew frame, and the pinion which
engages with the said toothed rack is carried by a cross bar sliding
within the frame. The axis. of the pinion projects at right angles to
the frame, and is terminated by a handle by which the pinion is turned.
The ends of the sliding cross bar carrying the pinion are forked, the
forked ends embracing the sides of the frame. The said cross bar is
thereby made to work steadily in the frame. The stem of the screw or
worm passes through the head of the frame and also througli tlie 'sliding

page_text: cross bar; the said stem travelling with the cross bar and being so
connected to the said cross bar that it is capable of turning therein. As
the worm of the corkscrew. is driven into the cork the cross bar follows
the descending motion of the said worm, and when the latter has been
driven home the said cross bar is situated at or near the bottom of the
frame. By turning the handle of the pinion the latter travels up the
rack on the inside of the frame carrying the sliding cross bar and worm
with it, and the cork is withdrawn..
According to another arrangement of the said Invention a travelling
toothed rack is connected to the stem of the screw or worm, the pinion
which engages with the said rack being situated and working in the
head of the corkscrew frame. The travelling rack is situated parallel
with the stem of the corkscrew, the bottom end of the said rack being
fixed to and supported by a collar, to which collar the said stem is
connected but is capable of turning therein. The upper unconnected
end of the rack passes through and works in a slot in the head of the
corkscrew frame. By means of this slot the travelling rack is guided
in its rising and falling motion, and its rotation with the stem prevented.
When the worm or screw of the corkscrew is driven into the cork the
travelling rack descends with the said worm. By turning the pinion by
its handle the travelling rack is raised in the frame and with it the stem
and worm of the corkscrew; the cork is thereby withdrawn with great
A skeleton frame or a closed frame may be used with the last
described arrangement.
ease.
By constructing and arranging the parts of corkscrews according to
this Invention simplicity and economy of manufacture combined with
non-liability to derangement are secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1870.-A communication from abroad by Elisha
Whittlesey Andrews, of Englewood, New Jersey, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS,"
a communication, to be as follows :-
These electro-magnets are made so as to operate with very great
rapidity and be capable of use for working a relay or repeater for a
chemical telegraph where punched paper and a brush or stilus is used in
transmitting the message, but the said electro-magnets may be used for
time repeaters in astronomical observatories, or wherever rapidity and
accuracy are required. A soft iron core is used within a short helix
forming a single spool electro-magnet. This iron core is attached at one
end to a permanent magnet of a shape to pass up at the side of the helix
and extend towards the exposed end of the core, and upon this end of
the permanent magnet is a hinged tongue; hence by induced magnetism

page_text: in the core and tongue from the permanent magnet the tongue is
attracted by the core. An adjustable spring is applied to the tongue,
but it is not sufficiently powerful to separate the tongue from the core.
The coil of the electro-magnet is wound so that a pulsation of electricity
will give to its core an opposite polarity to that of the induced magnetism
from the permanent magnet, hence a very slight pulsation of electricity
through the electro-magnet will cause the breaking of contact in the
tongue and core, and the cessation of that pulsation allows the tongue to
be attracted to the core. The secondary, local, or relay circuit is broken
and closed by the motion of this tongue, an insulated screw being placed
with its point just clear of the tongue on the opposite sides of the same
to the core, and the secondary or relay circuit wires being connected to
this screw and to the bed carrying the permanent magnet; by this
means the relay or secondary circuit is closed and broken simultaneously
with that through the helix of the electro-magnet, and very great speed
can be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING HOT WATER FOR GENERAL USE IN DWELLING HOUSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1870.
I, SAMUEL BENNETT, of Trafford Street, Gaythorn, Manchester,
Brassfounder and Coppersmith, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING
HOT WATER FOR GENERAL USE IN DWELLING HOUSES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that the ordinary back boiler in use for heating water
for dwelling houses is usually composed of plates or sides of various forms,
which plates or sides are joined together by braizing or other means
constructed so as to hold a large quantity of water, such method of con-
struction rendering the boiler liable to explosion from the pressure
caused by expansion when heat is applied to the boiler after the pipes
are frozen, or when from some cause the boiler has become empty, and
the water has been allowed to enter therein after the plates have become
heated to a considerable degree.
To remedy this and to effect my improvements I construct a boiler of
a spiral pipe or tube of copper or other suitable material in the form of a.
cone or otherwise, which tube may be composed of one solid piece of

page_text: metal with branches for the inlet and outlet of the water. I support
the said spiral tube or boiler by fitting it in or on to a metal frame, but
this may be varied or dispensed with by fixing the tube in the flue
during the building thereof. When fitted to a frame, as described, I fix
the said boiler in a flue connected in the usual or any other way with
the fire in any dwelling house.
If for any purpose it is found necessary to supply more hot water than
one tube is capable of preparing I fix two or more such spiral tubes in
the flue either one within the other, or in any other convenient
manner.
The object of my Invention is to obtain greater safety in domestic
boilers, increased heating surface actually exposed to the flame, and
consequent economy of fuel in keeping up the supply of hot water in
dwelling houses, also greater simplicity of construction with less liability
to get out of order. And in consequence of the tubular form explosions
of a destructive nature rendered impossible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1870.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of No. 1, Brunswick Street, Hackney Road,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
My improvements apply to those wheel feeds for sewing machines that
recieve intermittent movements by means of " dogs "which are con-
nected with a lever. The edges of these dogs "bite" upon a rim upon the
wheel when the lever is moved in one direction and propel the wheel, but
the dogs slip over the rim and allow the wheel to remain stationary when
the lever is moved in the opposite direction. In this ordinary wheel
feed the parts wear rapidly and require frequent repair or renewal, and
my improvements are designed to remove this objection, and they consist
in applying friction or brake blocks to the inner or concave cylindrical
surface of the rim on the feed wheel, and in connecting each block
with one end of a lever strut, the other end of which is connected with

page_text: or abuts upon the boss of a lever oscillating upon the centre of the wheel.
Each strut and block is pulled in one direction by a spiral spring attached
at one end to the lever so as to keep the friction blocks close against the
rim upon the wheel, and as the struts are placed at an angle to a radial
line from the centre of the wheel the friction blocks will slide freely
when the lever is moved in one direction, but when the lever is moved
in the opposite direction pressure will be put upon the blocks by the
lever struts, and this will cause the blocks to adhere firmly to the rim
and turn the wheel, and as there are no sharp edges in action, as in the
ordinary wheel feed, there is no wear, or if any it tends to make the
adhesion between the friction blocks and the rim more perfect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bonnett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1870.
I, HENRY BONNETT, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
I form the outlet of the basin or pan at the back or side and connect
the outlet with a valve secured in a vertical position and closing against
such outlet. The valve is contained within a suitable receiver having an
overflow inlet from the basin or pan, and connected at its base to a trap
of the form of the letter S which conveys aways the excrementitious
matter to the soil pipe, and by its form prevents the escape of any
effluvia whilst the valve is opened in the usual manner by means of a
suitable handle and cranks. The supply of water to the closet may be
regulated by various means, such as a valve and service box in a cistern
connected by wires and cranks, or by a stool valve regulated by a float
connected to the apparatus, but I prefer to employ an improved pneu-
matic regulator consisting of a vertical tube fitting closely within a

page_text: second or outer casing or tube, having a self-closing valve at the base to
admit the air, and also an annular trough or space to contain oil. The
inner tube is suitably connected with the lever of the handle and slides
up and down in the outer casing or tube; when the inner tube is closed
or down it dips into the oil, which forms an air-tight and lubricating
medium for the tubes. The discharge of the air is regulated at the top
of the inner tube by a thumbscrew or other convenient means.
The parts of my improved waterclosets may be made of earthenware,
lead, iron, brass, or other suitable materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY LAMPS USED IN MINING, COLLIERY, AND OTHER UNDERGROUND OPERATIONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Allison Hogg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1870.
I, JAMES ALLISON HOGG, the younger, of Gracechurch Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY LAMPS USED IN MINING,
COLLIERY, AND OTHER UNDERGROUND OPERATIONS," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of an improved safety lamp to burn oil, spirit,
or candle, and the features of novelty of this Invention consist in so
constructing such said lamp as to increase the power of the light by the
use of a reflector. I also use a small wick, by which I effect considerable
saving of oil, spirit, or candle.
The following is the construction of the improved lamp:-A vessel
containing the fluid to be burned, made of metal or other suitable
material, similar to those in safety lamps in ordinary use in mines and
collieries. The aforesaid vessel is furnished with a tube externally fixed
concentric with and upon the tube that holds the wick of the lamp, the
said tube being attached to a screwed collar carrying the usual cylinder

page_text: of Davy gauze. This tube and screwed collar are so arranged that the
unscrewing of the lamp causes the outer tube to slide upwards and
extinguish the light. In order to increase the power of the light in
safety lamps used by miners and others I place the wick of the oil,
spirit, or candle in the focus of a reflector made of a parabolic or other
suitable curve or shape; the flame can also be covered with a small glass
cylinder, and a 'plate glass or other suitable lens be placed in front
of it protected with a wire guard. Above the reflector I attach the
usual Davy gauze cylindor with an interior cylinder of glass protected
with iron or other suitable metallic rods, the whole being covered in
with a hinged metallic or other suitable cover.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OSCILLATING CYLINDER ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Curtis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1870.
I, HENRY EDWARD CURTIS, of Llansantffraid, near Corwen, North
Wales, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OSCILLATING CYLINDER ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to remove the necessity for the use of
valve gear in locomotive and other engines where oscillating cylinders
are used. To this end I form in the inner trunnion of each cylinder
steam passages which lead from the supply and discharge ports in the
cylinders to their respective steam chests. These chests form also
bearings for the inner trunnions of the cylinders, and I avail myself of
the rocking of the cylinders for cutting off the supply of steam thereto
and for opening the discharge ports; I provide an arrangement (situate
between the steam chests) for reversing the action of the engine. In

page_text: passages leading from the steam supply pipe to the cylinders and from
the cylinders to the discharge pipe, I mount sliding disc valves, which
being operated by a hand lever will reverse the action of the engine at
pleasure.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Henry
Gustave Adrien Pécoul, of Marseilles, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTISING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination with a match box of a
small book containing advertisements and notices.. Matches are usually
contained in small pasteboard or other boxes of various forms. These
boxes are sometimes made to slide in a case which is provided with an
extra thickness of cardboard or material on one side to carry the friction
surface; between this extra thickness and the box I insert a small book
or combination of paper slips on which advertisements are printed. The
several sides of the match box are left free to bear the name of the
maker or devices of any kind. The small advertisement books are to be
supplied to the match makers for affixing to the box, by means of a
string attached between the double top and side of the box or otherwise.

page_text: In other sliding boxes the advertising book is attached either to the
cover or lid (whether the same be attached to the box or not) or
to an additional thickness of material applied on the top or bottom
surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING, CONDENSING, UTILIZING, AND APPLYING MINERAL AND OTHER WATERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dunn at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1870.
I, THOMAS DUNN, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING, CONDENSING,
UTILIZING, AND APPLYING MINERAL AND OTHER WATERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in employing a long stroke pump with very
small bore having double valves below the barrel, and a double bucket;
also in making a solid pump rod to work through a tubular pump rod,
the advantages of which are great economy in deep boring and sinking.
In order to condense the waters to facilitate transport, I employ an
apparatus heated by a furnace, or by the exhaust or other steam from
the engine that lifts the water; the gases evaporated are preserved
and carried off into a still consisting of a series of straight tubes and a
worm, or if the gases are not required open vessels heated by steam or
otherwise may be used.. The extracts or essences of various mineral
and other waters thus obtained may be combined in various proportions
and diluted with soft or other water for baths or ablutions, or the

page_text: extracts or essences may be used internally in the form of pills or
otherwise.
In applying mineral and other waters economically, I use hammock
baths made of waterproof cloth, with cords fastened at the bottom to
a frame, and suspended to the roof or floor, or I employ a metal bath 5
with a chamber heated by air, water, or steam. I also make portable
slipper baths or baths for a portion of the body of waterproof fabric
suspended by cords like the hammock bath.
In making hot air, steam, or other baths, I make a chamber with a
hinged front and with an opening for the head. The chamber is heated 1
by a casing in which hot air, steam, or water is admitted, or the chamber
may be of sheet metal in the form of a diving bell, with an opening in
the top for the head to pass through.
I also make portable hood or shower batha with a casing to contain
the water, and with or without a hopper, the perforated part of the 1
casing has curved or diagonal sides to direct the water on to various
parts of the body. By using a large sponge or sponges to contain the
water, and by applying a plate and lever to act on the sponge or sponges
the bather can force the water down at pleasure.
My improved douche. bath consists of a flexible bag with a flexible
tube and rose piece; the operator by sitting on the bag produces the
requisite pressure for distributing the water in any direction.