MENTS IN TEMPERING GLASS BOTTLES AND OTHER HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN TEMPERING GLASS BOTTLES AND OTHER HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES,
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR" A communication from abroad by François
Barthelemy Alfred Royer de la Bastie, of No. 70, Rue de la Victoire, Paris,
France.
Scaled the 22nd August 1876, and dated the 6th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1876.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING GLASS BOTTLES AND
OTHER HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to the process of tempering glass articles by immer-
sion while hot into a liquid bath, as described in the Specifications to Patents
granted to F. B. A. Royer de la Bastie on the 12th August 1874, No. 2783, and on
the 12th June 1875, No. 2157.
In tempering glass bottles and other hollow glass articles, more particularly those
having necks or contracted openings communicating with the interior, there is con-
siderable difficulty in effecting the porfect tempering thereof on account of the
liquid of the tempering bath not coming simultaneously in contact with the inner
and outer surfaces of the bottle or other object, the air contained in the interior pre-
venting the liquid from entering the same with the requisito rapidity.
The present Invention has for its object to overcome this difficulty by the
following means:-According to one arrangement there is placed in the tempering.
bath a bent tube having a long and a short limb, the latter being immersed in the
liquid in an upright position until its open end is slightly above the level of the
liquid, while the long limb extends up any convenient distance beyond the bath,
being held in guides at the side of the latter. The bottle or other glass article
being heated to the requisite degree is brought on the pontil or other holding instru-.
ment in an inverted position over the immersed short limb of the tube, and is then
made to descend in the bath, the-neck or opening passing down over the tube. By
this means the air inside the bottle will escape down the short limb and up the long
one of the said tube as the bottle descends, and consequently the liquid will enter
the interior of the bottle and come in contact with the inner surface as fast it comes
[Die Gar

page_text: in contact with the outer surface, the short limb of the tube being of such a
as to allow sufficient space between it and the sides of the neck of the bottle for the
liquid to enter freely. By preference the short limb of the tubo is made detachable
from the long limb, so that short tubes of different diameter may be employed to
suit necks or openings of different sizes. An enlargement or pocket is also by
preference formed at the bend or junction of the two limbs of the tube, into which
any of the liquid that may accidentally enter the open end of the short limb will
collect without impeding the escape of the air through the tube. The bottle or
other glass article may, if sufficiently heavy, be detached from the pontil or holding
instrument when it has been placed in the above described position over the short
limb of the tube so as to descend in the bath by its own gravity, but by preference
the descent is accelerated by pushing the bottle down by means of the holding
instrument left attached thereto, and this may be supported in a vertical position
in guides fixed over the bath so as to insure the bottles descending in a vertical
position.
When the bottle has been immersed so that its bottom is close to the upper end
of the short tube, the holding instrument is detached, and the tube is pushed down
somewhat so as to immerse the bottle entirely; the tube is then turned over so as
to allow the bottlo to slide off the short limb and sink in its upright position to the
bottom of the bath.
If the cavity of the bottle or glass article is so large in proportion to the diameter
of the tube that the air will not escape with sufficient rapidity, the action may be
accelerated by drawing out the air from the end of the long limb by means of any
suitable suction apparatus connected thereto.
When the orifice of the glass article is of large diameter the short limb of the
tube may be advantageously made with two or more spreading branches, which can
pass through the orifice and act as supports to the bottom of the glass articlo resting
thereon when it has been immersed, and thus facilitate the turning over thereof in
the bath by means of the tube, as before described.
According to another mode of operating the orifice of the bottle or other article
is entirely closed by a stopper before immersion, so that the liquid of the bath does
not come in contact with the interior surface at all, whereby a better result is
obtained than if the liquid comes only imperfectly in contact with the interior
surface. In this case as the article will generally be too buoyant to sink into the
bath by its own gravity, it is pushed down by a framing of wire gauzo attached
either to a rod held by the operator, or to a spindle carried by the bath, and turned
by a lever, so that the wire gauze. framing in turning with the spindle forces the
glass articlo under the surface of the bath.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
October 1876.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPERING GLASS BOTTLES AND
OTHER HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication
from abroad by François Barthelemy Alfred Royer de la Bastie, of No. 70, Rue de lu
Victoire, Paris, France.
This Invention has reference to the process of tempering glass articles by
immersion while hot into a liquid bath, as described in the Specifications to Patents
granted to F. B. A. Royer de la Bastie ou the 12th August, 1874, No. 2783, and
on the 12th June, 1875, No. 2157.
In tempering glass bottles and other hollow glass articles, more particularly those
having necks or contracted openings communicating with the interior, there is con-
.siderable difficulty in effecting the perfect tempering thereof, on account of the liquid

page_text: of the tempering bath not coming simultaneously in contact with the inner and
outer surfaces of the bottle or other object, the air contained in the interior pro-
venting the liquid from entering the same with the requisite rapidity.
The present Invention has for its object to overcome this difficulty by the
following means:-According to one arrangement there is placed in the tempering
bath a bent tube having a long and a short limb, the latter being immersed in the
liquid in an upright position until its open end is slightly above the level of the
liquid, while the long limb extends up any convenient distance beyond the bath,
being held in guides at the side of the latter. The bottle or other glass articlo
being heated to the requisite degree is brought on the pontil or other holding
instrument in an inverted position over the immersed short limb of the tube, and
is then made to descend in the bath, the neck or opening passing down over the
tube. By this means the air inside the bottle will escape down the short limb and
up the long one of the said tube as the bottle descends, and consequently the liquid
will enter the interior of the bottle and come in contact with the inner surface as
fast as it comes in contact with the outer surface, the short limb of the tube being
of such a diameter as to allow sufficient space between it and the sides of the neck
of the bottle for the liquid to enter freely. By preference the short limb of tho
tube is made detachable from the long limb, so that short tubes of different
diameters may be employed to suit neck or openings of different sizes. An enlargo-
ment or pocket is also by preference formed at the bend or junction of the two
limbs of the tube, into which any of the liquid that may accidentally enter the
open end of the short limb will collect, without impeding the escape of the air through
the tube. The bottle or other glass article may, if sufficiently heavy, be detached
from the pontil or holding instrument when it has been placed in the above
described position over the short limb of the tube, so as to descend in the bath by
its own gravity, but by preference the descent is accellerated by pushing the bottle
down by means of the holding instrument left attached thereto, and this may be
supported in a vertical position in guides fixed over the bath, so as to insure the
bottles descending in a vertical position.
When the bottle has been immersed, so that its bottom is close to the upper end
of the short tube, the holding instrument is detached and the tube is pushed down
somewhat, so as to immerse the bottle entirely; the tube is then turned over so as
to allow the bottle to slide off the short limb and sink in its upright position to
the bottom of the bath.
If the cavity of the bottle or glass article is so large in proportion to the diameter
of the tube that the air will not escape with sufficient rapidity, the action may bo
accelerated by drawing out the air from the end of the long limb by means of any
suitable suction apparatus connected thereto.
When the orifice of the glass article is of large diameter the short limb of the
tube may be advantageously made with two or more spreading branches, which can
pass through the orifice and act as supports to the bottom of the glass article
resting thereon when it has been immersed, and thus facilitate the turning over
thereof in the bath by means of the tube, as before described.
According to another mode of operating the orifice of the bottle or other article
is entirely closed by a stopper before immersion, so that the liquid of the bath does
not come in contact with the interior surface at all, whereby a better result is
obtained than if the liquid comes only imperfectly in contact with the interior
surface. In this case, as the article will generally be too buoyant to sink into the
bath by its own gravity, it is pushed down by a framing of wire gauze attached
cither to a rod held by the operator or to a spindle carried by the bath and turned
by a lever, so that the wire gauze framing, in turning with the spindle, forces the
glass article under the surfaco of the bath.

page_text: liquid to enter the interior of hollow objects, such as a bottle or decanter. This
apparatus consists of a bent tube having two branches, the long branch B preferably
larger in diameter than the short branch D, and also preferably tapering to a larger
diameter at the upper end, which is provided with a knob b, so that it can be used
as a handle, and a ring G to act as a stop against one of a pair of guides P, P, when
the tube is pushed down into tho liquid of the bath. The short branch D stands
vertically with its upper end a little above the level E of the tempering liquid; a
pocket C is provided at the junction of the two branches to receive any of the
tempering liquid that may find its way into D. This pocket is preferably made
with a socket screw at M, so that branches D of different sizes can be readily
screwed on. The article to ba tempered H is attached to the pontil which the
workman holds at F, and which is steadied by forked guides P', so that it can be
depressed vertically. The bottle or article H being thus pushed down into the
liquid the air contained in its escapes by the pipes D, B, the liquid taking its place
in its interior. When the article H rests on D the pontil is detached, and the pipes
D, B, are pushed down so as farther to immerse H, and canted over so as to let H
drop from the branch D and sink to the bottom of the bath, the pipes B, D, are
then removed from the bath, emptied of such liquid as has entered them, and
replaced for a succeeding operation. When the article to be tempered has a wide
mouth, as a tumbler or jug, a short branch D, forked as shewn at Fig. 3, is pre-
ferably employed as giving a steadier support. The escape of air may be accelerated
and rendered more complete by applying suction at the top of the branch B; or,
instead of drawing the air out it may be displaced by tempering liquid forced in
by means of the modified form of apparatus shewn in Fig. 4. In this case the
bent tube A, A, has an enlargement at B provided with a valve C opening inwards,
and its short branch is perforated by numerous holes; it is mounted by a universal
joint at D on a clip F secured by a pinching screw to the edge of the bath, and it
has a union at g, to which is attached a flexible tube G communicating with an air-
compressing pump H. The top of the tube A is closed, and preferably inade as a
T handle at E. The bent tubo A, A, being pushed by a spring near its joint, so
that its short branch extends above the surface of the tempering liquid, the carafe,
or other article to be tempered, is placed upon this branch, and the tubo is then
moved by hand upon its joint, so as to bring the short branch with the carafo on it
under the surface of the liquid, as shown in Fig. 4. At the same moment the work-
man pushes down the pump handle, causing air to press on the body of temporing
liquid contained in the enlargement B. This pressure closes the valve C, and causes
the liquid to pass through the perforations of the short branch in a multitude of
jets impinging on the inner surface of the vessel operated on, and displacing the air
from the interior. The tubo A, A, is then canted over so as to let the vessel drop
to the bottom of the bath.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be of performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
I claim in respect of the process of tempering glass articles by immersion whilo hot
in a liquid bath, and the application of the said process to hollow articles,-
First. Causing the tempering liquid to enter the interior of a hollow glass article
displacing the air therefroin, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
Second. The use for permitting the air to escapo of bent tubes arranged and
operated substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.