IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING OR UNITING PLATES, TUBES, AND OTHER FORMS OF IRON OR STEEL, Mat Annens RTS DERYAVED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Seddon Sutherland, of No. 4, Clayton
Square, Liverpool, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WELDING OR UNITING PLATES, TUBES, AND OTHER FORMS OF IRON OR STEEL,
Mat Annens RTS DERYAVED THEREIN "
Sealed the 18th February 1870, and dated the 20th August 1869.

page_text: welding heat, preferably in contact to prevent the formation of scale
and for uniformity in the furnace hereafter described, unite them by
blows or pressure. To bend or set the edges of the plates, tubes, or
other parts, whether performed when cold or heated, I employ adjustable
free ended rolls; or such bending or setting may be effected by blows or
by pressure.
Second. Of a furnace for heating the edges of the plates, tubes, or
other forms to be welded. This consists. essentially of a combustion
chamber having its sides converging towards its heating orifice, so as to
cause the heat generated in the said combustion chamber from solid
liquid or gaseous fuel to be concentrated as much as possible upon the
edges of the plates, tubes, or other forms. Instead of leaving a space
between the mouth of the furnace and the plates, tubes, or other forms
to be heated as hitherto, I bring the said plates, tubes, or other forms
close to the mouth of the orifice, or I move the furnace to the plates or
other forms, and in either case so that they may entirely or nearly close
the heating orifice; and I lead the products of combustion through a
passage or passages formed in the furnace, and preferably in a downwards
direction, the object being to produce a slight back pressure.
Third. Of new or improved mechanism and appliances. These consist
in (A.), the employment of a carriage on wheels or otherwise for con-
veying the heated plates, tubes, or other forms to be welded in com-
bination with an arm or standard carrying a hammer. (B.), the employ-
ment in combination of a carriage for conveying the heated plates, tubes,
or other forms with a hammer.constructed to act on and weld the said
plates or other parts by a succession of rapid blows. (C.), in combination
with the above A. and B.. or either of them an arm or standard to carry
an adjustable or other anvil. (D.), in combination with the above A., B.,
and C., or any one or more of them, my improved furnace herein before
described, or any convenient hearth or furnace for heating such said
plates or other parts, when such hearth or furnace is carried by or
supported on the same arm or standard which carries the anvil or by
another arm or standard. These several, combinations of mechanism
and appliances are to be so arranged that the edges of the plates, tubes,
or other forms shall be conveyed into or opposite to the said hearth or
furnace, there heated, and conveyed thence between the hammer and
anvil, and by a succession of rapid blows thoroughly welded in one heat
if possible, the main objects being to occupy the least possible time in

page_text: '
moving the article or articles to be welded, and to subject the heated
edges to a succession of rapid blows immediately after leaving the hearth.
or furnace. Any suitable or convenient means may be adopted for
placing the articles in position to be welded and for adjusting the
hammer or anvil to the different thicknesses of material. In place of
the plates, tubes, or other forms being moved on and by a carriage as
above mentioned I sometimes move the hammer and anvil, and also
my improved or other furnace or hearth for heating, allowing the articles
to be welded to remain stationary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,>
fled by the said William Seddon Sutherland in the Great Seal-
Patent Office on the 19th February 1870:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SEDDON SUTHERLAND, of No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, Engineer,'
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Seddon Sutherland, Her special'
license that I, the said William Seddon Sutherland, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Seddon
Sutherland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might'
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING OR UNITING PLATES, TUBES, AND OTHER FORMS
OF IRON OR STEEL, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Seddon Sutherland,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings which form part of this Specification, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My improvements consist,
First. Of a new and improved form of joint whereby to facilitate
welding and to insure that the union is perfect. For this purpose I
bend or set the edge of the plates, tubes, or other parts outwards to the
same angle in opposite directions, and after heating the said edges to a
welding heat, preferably in contact to prevent the formation of scale
and for uniformity in the furnace herein-after described, unite them by
blows or pressure.
To bend or set the edges of the plates, tubes,
or other parts, whether performed when cold or heated, I employ
adjustable free ended rolls; or such bending or setting may be effected
by blows or pressure.
Second. Of a furnace for heating the edges of the plates, tubes, or
other forms to be welded. This consists essentially of a combustion
chamber having its sides converging towards its heating orifice, so as to
cause the heat generated in the said combustion chamber from solid
liquid or gaseous fuel to be concentrated as much as possible upon the
edges of the plates, tubes, or other forms. Instead of having a space
between the mouth of the furnace, and the plates, tubes, or other forms
to be heated as hitherto, I bring the plates, tubes, or other forms close to
the mouth of the orifice, or I move the furnace to the plates or other forms,
and in either case so that they entirely or nearly close the heating
orifice; and I lead the products of combustion through a passage or
passages formed in the furnace, and preferably in a downwards direction,
the object being to produce a slight back pressure. The furnace as
above described may be employed either singly or one on each side of
the parts to be heated; when employed singly I cover the other side of
the parts to be heated with fire-brick or other refractory material to
prevent the access of air and to reflect back the heat. When heating
curved edges the furnaces are to be curved to suit the curve of the edges
to be heated. These furnaces may be made of fire-clay or other refractory
material, or of iron, or other material lined with fire-clay or other
refractory material. I prefer to cause the gases, air, or liquids used for

page_text: combustion to enter the combustion chamber through a number of small
openings, so as to cause them to be distributed equally in the combustion
chamber, and various means may be employed for mixing the gases or
gas and liquid. in proper proportion for combustion previous to entering
the said combustion chamber.
./
Third. Of new or improved mechanism and appliances. These consist,
(A.), in the employment of a carriage on wheels or otherwise for conveying
the heated plates, tubes, or other forms to be welded in combination
with an arm or standard carrying a hammer. (B.), the employment in
combination of a carriage for conveying the heated plates, tubes, or
other forms with a hammer constructed to act on and weld the said
plates, tubes, or other forms to be welded by a succession of rapid blows.
(C.), in combination with the above A., and B., or either of them an arm or
standard to carry an adjustable or other anvil. (D.), in combination
with the above A., B., and C., or any one or more of them, my improved
furnace herein before described or any convenient hearth or furnace for
heating such said plates or other parts when such hearth or furnace is
carried by or supported on the same arm or standard which carries the
anvil, or by another arm or standard. These several combinations of:
mechanism and appliances are to be so arranged that the edges of the
plates, tubes, or other forms shall be converged into or opposite to the,
said hearth or furnace, there heated, and conveyed thence between the
hammer and anvil, and by a succession of rapid blows throughly welded.
in one heat if possible, the main object being to employ the least
possible time in moving the article or articles to be welded, and to subject
the heated edges to a succession of rapid blows immediately after leaving.
the hearth or furnace. Any suitable or convenient means may be
adopted for placing the articles in position to be welded and for adjusting
the hammer and anvil to the different thicknesses of material, and
for moving the carriage and adjusting its rate of motion, and when
circular forms are being welded for revolving them on the carriage and
adjusting their rate of revolution. In place of the plates, tubes, or other
forms being moved on aud by a carriage as above mentioned, I soine-
times move the hammer and anvil, and also my improved or other
furnace or hearth for hoating, allowing the articles to be heated to
remain stationary, any suitable means being employed for moving the
said hammer and anvil and my improved or other furnace or hearth for
heating, and for adjusting their rate of motion, and the hammer may.
be driven by any suitable means or appliances.

page_text: and a
ordinary means being
Fig. 5 is a section of a
in position for welding;.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 shew
and plan of my furnace
The lower portion of this
On the accompanying illustrative Drawings Fig. 1 shews two plates
with their edges bent, or set and placed in position for welding, in
accordance with my Invention. Fig. 2 shews two plates and an angle
iron, prepared and placed for being united. Fig. 3 shews three plates
Tiron prepared for uniting together. Fig. 4 shews the ends
of the rolls I prefer to use for bending or setting the edges of the
plates or other forms to be welded or united,
employed for revolving and adjusting the rolls.
locomotive boiler shewing the plates set and
Fig. 6 is a similar section of a one-flue boiler.
respectively transverse section, side view,
adapted for burning gaseous or liquid fuel.
furnace consists of two chambers or passages, one for the fuel and the.
other for the air or other gas used to support combustion, these materials
being led or forced into their respective chambers through the inlet pipe
shewn. The fuel and air or other gas pass through the diaphragm
A, A, A, of wire gauze or perforated plate, the perforations being pro-
portioned to properly mix the gases for combustion. The mixed fuel
and air or other gas then pass through a perforated slab or tile of
refractory materials into the combustion chamber and against the parts.
to be heated, and thence through the escape passages into the open air
or into flues placed conveniently to receive them. The furnace may be
made of any required length, the fuel and air chambers being pro-
portioned to the length. Fig. 10 shews a transverse section of the
improved furnace adapted for burning solid fuel. The fuel is contained
in and by the combustion chamber, suitable openings being left for
extracting the residue. The air or gas for combustion passes from
the chamber through the perforated slab or tile of refractory materials
amongst the fuel, and the heated products of combustion after heating
the parts to be welded pass through the escape passages into the open
air or into flues placed conveniently to receive them. Figs. 11 and 12
shew side view and end view respectively of the improved mechanism
adapted for general welding. The carriage A carries the tube B to
be welded, which is adjusted so as to allow the parts to be welded to
pass into and opposite to the furnace C carried by the arm D; this arm D
also carries the adjustable anvil E; above this anvil is the hammer F,
worked in this arrangement by means of an excentric on the shaft G,
which excentric is driven by means of the strap H acting, upon the fast
and loose pulleys I, I; the hammer F is carried by the standards and

page_text: girder K, K, K; L is a slab of fire-clay or other refractory material,
or in some cases another of the improved furnaces carried by chains
so as to be raised and lowered easily; M, M, M, shew au arrangement
for adjusting the hammer to suit various thicknesses of plates. The
hammer is in two portions, the lower portion being screwed into the
upper portion. This upper portion slides through a worm wheel driven
by a worm turned by a hand wheel and spindle. N shews the improved
furnace adapted for heating the edges of tubes to be welded together end
to end. The tube resting upon the rollers o, o, has part of the seam to be
welded heated by the improved furnace, and is then easily revolved by
hand or otherwise and passed between the hammer and anvil and rapidly
welded. Fig. 13 is a section of the furnace C and arm D, the edges to
be welded being shewn in position for heating and the fire-brick L shewn
above them.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and par-
ticularized the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to every detail herein mentioned and shewn on the Drawings, as
many modifications of my improvements may be made without departing
from the leading features set forth, but what I do claim is, the improve-
ments for facilitating and ensuring sound welding or uniting of iron or
steel, and the furnace and appliances herein described and illustrated on
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Seddon Sutherland, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
WILLIAM SEDDON SUTHERLAND). (L.S.)
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.