IMPROVEMENTS IN T m உருத் DD
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wimball, of Aldermaston, in the County of
Berks, Brick Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
T
m
உருத் DD "*
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Wimball at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1860.
I, HENRY WIMBALL, of Aldermaston, in the County of Berks, Brick Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN
PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for making bricks and other similar articles in a continuous manner
direct from the pug-mill or otherwise, and consists in the employment of an
endless chain of moulds, each mould being considerably deeper than the
thickness of the brick, and provided with a pressing piston operated upon by
rollers working up inclines as the chain moves along. This endless chain
passes beneath a pug-mill, and I prefer to use the peculiar pug-mill for which
I obtained Letters Patent on or about the 19th of October 1857, No. 2672:
As each mould is filled it is conveyed beneath a stationary plate or grating,
against which the clay in the mould is pressed by the gradual rising of the

page_text: internal piston, and in the case of a grating being used, the superfluous clay
will pass through the grating, and may be made to re-enter the pug-mill. The
pressed bricks are forced out of the moulds by the continued outward motion
of the pistons, and are deposited on to an endless travelling band, which
conveys them away to any convenient locality. If preferred, the moulds may
be filled by hand, thereby dispensing with the pug-mill; or they may be used
simply for pressing bricks already made.
Another part of my Invention consists in the application of a roller to the
lower end of the pugging shafts of my herein-before referred to improved pug-
mill, whereby I am enabled more easily to make drain pipes, as the clay is
forced or squeezed more effectively through the die. I also propose to place
the pugging shafts so near to each other that their respective knives will cross
or intersect each other during their rotation. The stones which may be in the
clay are removed by a screening grating, and are carried round by the lower
blades to the two opposite sides of the pug-mill, and may be removed through
doors made therein for that purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Wimball in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WIMBALL, of Aldermaston, in the County of Berks, Brick Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Wimball, Her special license that I, the said Henry Wimball,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Wimball; my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND DRAIN PIPES,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Wimball,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed 'in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said: Henry Wimball, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and, in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates, firstly, to a peculiar construction and arrange--
ment of machinery or apparatus for making bricks and other similar articles
in a continuous manner direct from the pug-mill or otherwise, and consists in
the employment of an endless chain of moulds, each mould being considerably
deeper than the thickness of the brick, and provided with a pressing piston,.
operated upon by rollers working up inclines as the chain moves along. This-
endless chain passes beneath a pug-mill, and I prefer to use the peculiar pug-
mill for which I obtained Letters Patent on or about the Nineteenth of
October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, No. 2672: As each
mould is filled it is conveyed beneath. a stationary plate or grating, against.
which the clay in the mould is pressed by the gradual rising of the internal
piston, and in the case of a grating being used the superfluous clay. will pass.
through the grating, and may be made to re-enter the pug-mill, whilst the
moulds continue their course below a fixed plate, against which the clay
is pressed by the continued rising of the piston. The pressed bricks so formed
are forced out of the moulds by the continued outward motion of the pistons-
after leaving the fixed plate, and are deposited on to an endless travelling
band, which conveys them away to any convenient locality. If preferred, the
moulds may be filled by hand, thereby dispensing with the pug-mill;. or they:
may be used simply for pressing bricks already made.
Another part of my Invention. consists in the application of a roller to the-
lower end of each of the pugging shafts of my herein-before referred to-
improved pug-mill, whereby. I am enabled more easily to make drain pipes, as-
the clay is forced or squeezed more. effectively through the die.. I also propose
to place the pugging shafts and pug-mills. so. near to each other that their-
respective knives will cross or intersect each other during their rotation. The
stones which may be in the clay are removed by a screening grating, and are
carried round by the lower blades to the two opposite sides of the pug-müll
and may be removed through doors made therein for that purpose..
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood,, I shall now:

page_text: proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a longitudinal section of my improved
brick-making machine; A is the pug-mill, provided with two shafts and sets
of knives B, as described in the Specification of my Patent herein-before
referred to, such knives being moreover made to cross or intersect each other
as they rotate, as shewn by the sectional plan of the pug-mill detached in
Figure 2. An opening is made in the bottom of the pug-mill, under which
the several moulds C, C, are made to travel and receive each a charge of clay,
such clay being forced through the opening in the bottom of the pug-mill by
the bottom or lowest series of knives B¹, B', which I prefer to place in the
same horizontal plane. Each mould is jointed at c, c, to its neighbour, so
that the entire series forms an endless chain of moulds. This endless chain is
carried by the two flat-sided drums D, D', carried in bearings on the main
framing E. Each mould contains a moveable piston or plunger F, to which
are connected the antifriction rollers f, f, one on each side of the mould, on
the outer side thereof, the axle of the rollers passing through a slot (as shewn
in the Drawing) in the sides of the lower part of the mould, so that a free
vertical play may be given to the axle along the slots, and so admit of the
piston rising and falling in the mould when the rollers are forced up or down.
This movement of the pistons is effected by causing the rollers f, f, to run
along suitable inclined rails G, G, placed one on each side the series of
moulds. As the endless chain is moved along, the rollers of the upper set of
moulds travel along the surface of the inclined rails G (one of which only can
be seen in the Drawing), and consequently the pistons are forced up. The
rails may be level at the part immediately below the opening in the opening
of the pug-mill, so that the moulds may be filled with clay, whilst the pistons
remain stationary; but as the moulds pass under the fixed grating II, the
rollers pass along an inclined portion of the rails, which raises them gradually
and forces up the pistons, and squeezes the superfluous clay back into the front
part I of the pug-mill through the grating, at the same time expelling the air
from the mould. From the grating the moulds pass under the plate K, and
as the pistóns continue to rise the clay is compressed by the pistons against
the under side of the plate until the mass attains the desired thickness for a
brick. The moulds then leave the plate K, and return to the opposite end of
the machine in an inverted position, as shewn in the Drawing. The com-
pressed bricks are expelled from the moulds by the continued and further

page_text: "
action of the pistons, the rollers f passing along the lower set of inclined
rails G', and forcing out the bricks on to an endless travelling band L, which
carries them away. The pistons are forced down again to the bottoms of the
moulds, in readiness to receive a fresh charge of clay by the action of the
curved rail M upon the rollers f as they pass inside it. It is obvious that a
single central rollerf might be used in each mould acted upon by a single central
inclined rail in lieu of fitting two rollers to each mould, and using two rails. The
pug-mill shafts are driven from the main driving shaft N, on which is keyed the
bevel wheel O, gearing into the corresponding bevel wheel P fast on the lower
end of one of the two shafts of the pug-mill, motion being transmitted from such
shaft to the second shaft. of the mill by spur gearing Q at the upper ends of
such shafts. R is a counter shaft, which receives motion from the main shaft
through the mitre wheels S, and transmits such motion by another pair of
mitre wheels T to the drum D, which thereby gives motion to the endless
chain of moulds. U is a belt or strap for imparting motion to the endless
travelling band L. The entire machine may be mounted on running
wheels V, V, if preferred, for the convenience of transport, and the pug-mill,
which in my Drawings is shewn as being supported by the cast-iron arched
brackets W, may, if desired, be dispensed with entirely, the clay being forced
by hand or in any other manner into the moulds before they pass under the
fixed grating or plate. Perforated pressed bushes may be made in this
machine by using a second plunger in each mould provided with perforators
or pins, which pins pass through and slide independently of the first-mentioned
piston, and are actuated by a separate inclined surface.
In Figure 3 I have represented a plan of the bottom of a pug-mill with two
shafts, wherein each shaft is provided with a roller a, a, shewn in dotted lines.
These rollers are contained within a chamber beneath the bottom of the pug-
mill, and act upon the clay, which is screwed by being forced through the
grating 6 by the action of the pugging knives. By this arrangement of rollers
the clay is more easily forced through the die, which is placed at c, suitable
scrapers or side pieces being employed for keeping the clay from spreding
laterally, and being carried round will the rolls in place of being forced
through the die. This arrangement will be found particularly serviceable in
the making of drain pipes, and when cored dies are used.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent, is the general construction and

page_text: arrangement of machinery or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of
.bricks, tiles, drain pipes, and other similar articles, substantially as herein.
before described, and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Wimball, have to this my
Specification hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of 5
December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
HENRY WIMBALL. (L.S.)