IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND GLUE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND GLUE." A communication from abroad
by Alfred Jean Huet, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1881.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND CLUE."
A communication from abroad by Alfred Jean Huet of Paris in the Republic
of France.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of gelatine and glue and it consists
in the employment of chloride of aluminium as hereinafter described whereby the
process of manufacture is simplified and a superior product is obtained-By means
of this Invention it is rendered possible to preserve in a fresh condition animal
matter employed in the manufacture of the said product and more especially
fatty animal refuse as well as other residues or offal such as sinews tendons and
the like from which gelatinous matter may be extracted. The improved process
also enables the fat contained in the materials under treatment to be preserved
and collected.
The fatty animal refuse herein before referred to consists chiefly of the shreds of
flesh and adipose tissue which are removed from the skins of animals after the
hair has been detached and to which are added certain portions of the beads and
legs capable of yielding a large quantity of gelatinous matter.
In the course of the preparatory treatment which has for its object enabling the
hair to be readily removed from the skin the fat contained in the flesh or
animal matter undergoes an incipient saponification which when the said animal
matter is treated according to the methods heretofore adopted causes the whole of
the fat to be wasted..
It is well known that gelatine and glue cannot be manufactured by the ordinary

page_text: methods of treatment except under certain atmospheric conditions and that the
manufacture is liable to be occasionally interrupted even when the season is
favourable so that it is of the greatest importance for manufacturers to be able to
protect the raw material from fermentation.-The slightest action of this description
in the animal matter prejudices the results of the operation of extracting the glue
and gelatine the liquids are rendered liable to turn and do not set in the condition
of a firm jelly the process of desiccation becomes long and difficult and it becomes
impossible to obtain gelatine or glue in the form of a brittle product presenting a
fracture of the required appearance.
The method of preservation heretofore adopted consists in placing the animal
matter in a bath of milk of lime which is renewed directly ammoniacal emanations
make their appearance.
This method of preserving by means of lime necessitates
submitting the materials to a tedious and costly washing in order to thoroughly
remove the whole of the lime with which they are impregnated before treating
them for the manufacture of gelatine and glue.
According to this Invention the animal matter is exposed to the action of
chloride of aluminium instead of milk of lime. It has been ascertained that those
animal tissues which by boiling in water become converted into glue and gelatine
are not injuriously affected by the chlo.ide of aluminium whilst the others are
tanned to a certain extent but as all the tissues without exception as well as the
liquids and juices are preserved from putrefaction by this agent.it is evident that
-chloride-of-aluminium_may_be employed with advantage in lieu of line in the
manufacture of gelatine and glue.
In carrying out this Invention the animal matter or refuse from which gelatine
and glue to be extracted is simply exposed to the action of chloride of aluminium
in lieu of the milk of lime heretofore employed and by this means fermentation is
effectually prevented and the chloride of aluminium having a slightly acid reaction
acts upon the calcareous emulsions formed during the operation of preparing the
skins for depilation saturating the lime and liberating the fatty matter so that it
becomes possible during the operation of extracting the gelatine or glue to collect
the fat or grease contained in the flesh.
The coloring matter in the flesh and in the blood being tanned and insoluble
there is less color in the liquids and the quality of the product is thus improved
and the long and costly operation of washing is dispensed with-Small quantities
of liquid are also rendered capable of being preserved without being liable to
ferment and may thus be utilized.
The chloride of aluminium may be employed either in a pure condition or in the
condition in which it is obtained by treating certain natural rocks or minerals with
hydrochloric acid without the application of heat.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th June 1882.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND GLUE."
A. communication from abroad by Alfred Jean Huct of Paris in the Republic of
France.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of gelatine and glue and it consists
in the employment of chloride of aluminium as hereinafter described whereby the
process of manufacture is simplified and a superior product is obtained-By means
of this Invention it is rendered possible to preserve in a fresh condition animal
matter employed in the manufacture of the said product and more especially fatty
animal refuse as well as other residues or offal such as sinews, tendons and the
like from which gelatinous matter may be extracted-The improved process also
enables the fat contained in the materials under treatment to be preserved and
collected.
The fatty animal refuse hereinbefore referred to consists chiefly of the shreds of
flesh and adipose tissue which are removed from the skins of animals after the
hair has been detached and to which are added certain portions of the heads and
legs capable of yielding a large quantity of gelatinous matter.
In the course of the preparatory treatment which has for its object enabling the
hair to be readily removed from the skin the fat contained in the flesh or animal
matter undergoes an incipient saponification which when the said animal matter is
treated according to the methods heretofore adopted causes the whole of the fat to
be wasted.
It is well known that gelatine and glue cannot be manufactured by the ordinary
methods of treatment except under certain favourable atmospheric conditions and
that the manufacture is liable to be occasionally interrupted even when these
conditions are favourable so that it is of the greatest importance for manufacturers
to be able to protect the raw material from fermentation.
The slightest action of this description in the animal matter prejudices the
results of the operation of extracting the glue and gelatine the liquids are
rendered liable to decompose so that they do not set in the condition of a firm
jelly, the process of desiccation is long and difficult and it becomes impossible to
obtain gelatine or glue in the form of a brittle product presenting a fracture of
the required appearance denoting a satisfactory product.
The method of preservation heretofore adopted consists in placing the animal
matter in a bath of milk of lime which is renewed directly ammoniacal
examinations make their appearance-This method of preserving by means of
line necessitates submitting the materials to a tedious and costly washing in order
to thoroughly remove the whole of the lime with which they are impregnated
before treating them for the manufacture of gelatine and glue.
According to this Invention the animal matter is exposed to the action of
chloride of aluminium instead of to that of milk of lime-It has been ascertained
that those animal tissues which by boiling in water become converted into gluc
and gelatine are not injuriously affected by the chloride of aluminium whilst the
others are tanned to a certain extent but as all the tissues without exception as
well as the liquids and juices are preserved from putrefaction by this agent it is
evident that chloride of aluminium may be employed with advantage in lieu of
lime in the manufacture of gelatine and glue.
In carrying out this Invention the animal matter or refuse from which gelatine

page_text: and glue is to be extracted is exposed to the action of chloride of aluminium in
lieu of the milk of lime heretefore employed and by this means fermentation is
effectually prevented and the chloride of aluminium having a slightly acid re-action
acts upon the calcareous emulsions formed during the operation of preparing the
skins for depilation saturating the lime and liberating the fatty matter so that it
becomes possible during the operation of extracting the gelatine or glue to collect
the fat or grease contained in the matter under treatment-The colouring matter
in the flesh and in the blood being tanned and insoluble there is less colour in the
liquids and the quality of the product in this particular is thus improved and the
long and costly operation of washing is dispensed with-Small quantities of liquid
are also rendered capable of being preserved without being liable to ferment and
may thus be utilised.
The chloride of aluminium may be employed either in a pure condition or in the
condition in which it is obtained by treating certain natural rocks or minerals
with hydrochloric acid without the application of heat.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part.
recited Letters Patent is -In the manufacture of gelatine and glue the employ-
ment of chloride of aluminium as hereinbefore described either in a pure condition
or in the condition in which it is obtained by submitting certain minerals to the
action of cold hydrochloric acid or obtained by the double reaction of sulphate of
alumina upon chloride of calcium or by any other method.
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my Speci-
fication set my hand and seal this Eighth day of June One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
J. HENRY JOHNSON.
(L.S.)