IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Riddel. Musgrave, Robert Musgrave,
and James Musgrave, of Belfast, Ireland, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Riddel
Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th
November 1853.
.
We, JOHN RIDDEL MUSGRAVE, ROBERT MUSGRAVE, and JAMES
MUSGRAVE, of Belfast, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES" to be as follows:
Our Invention has reference. to what are termed slow combustion
stoves used for heating apartments, &c., and consist, firstly, of improve-
ments in the internal arrangement of the stove, whereby a uniformi
temperature may be maintained during any length of time, and not
require feeding oftener than once in 60 hours. Fig. 1 on the accom..

page_text: panying Drawing represents a vertical section of the improved stove;
and Fig. 2, an elevation of the same. A, is the fire-place or space
for containing the ignited fuel; B, B, is a lining of fire clay to protect
the metal of the fire-place; C, C, is the cast iron body of the stove;
D, is a cast iron plate placed about one third from the back of the
stove, a space d', being left for the passage of the smoke; E, is a
sliding cover at the top for feeding the fire; F, is a sliding plate, sv
that the flue, &c. may be readily cleaned; G, is the bottom grating,
upon which the fire rests; 'this is made to slide to the front, so as to
allow the ashes to fall into the ash pan; HI, is the pan for collecting
and removing the ashes; J, is au iron casing surrounding the ash pan,
and rivetted to the base of the stove, so as to prevent the admission of
air, except what is allowed to pass through the fuel; K, is a sliding
door placed upon the front of the ash hole, and ground air tight; L, is
the perforated cover of the outer or hot air casing; this is hinged at
one side, so as to lift for feeding the stove: M, is an ornamental panel
to allow the escape of the heated air into the apartment; N, is the
flue for carrying off the smoke and products of combustion: 0, 0, are
apertures for the admission of cold air, and to allow it pass round
the heated body of the stove; P, P, are feet to raise the base of the
stove from the floor, and admit the cold air from the lower part of the
room.
The sides of this stove may, if desired, be ornamented with encaustic
tiles, and the mode of affixing these tiles to the iron plate beneath,
forms the second part of our Invention. Fig. 3 represents a front
view of one of these tiles; and Fig. 4 is a section of the same; Q, is
the tile, through the centre of which is passed a pin », having at its
outer end a rosette or other ornamental head s, upon the other end is
cut a screw, which passes through the stove plate t, and is secured
inside by a nut u.
We reserve the right to vary the minor details of our Invention; the
foregoing is, however, substantially a description of the same..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
and of the above Order, filed by the said John Riddel Musgrave,
Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JOHN RIDDEL MUSGRAVE, ROBERT MUSGRAVE, and JAMES MUSGRAVE,
of Belfast, Ireland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert
Musgrave, & James Musgrave, Her special licence that we, the said
John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and James Musgrave, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert Musgrave, and
James Musgrave, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to he filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within seven
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert
Musgrave, & James Musgrave, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:-

page_text: Our Invention consists of improvements in the construction of stoves
for heating apartments, buildings, &c. Fig. 1 of the accompanying
Drawings réprésents a vertical section of one of our improved stoves.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same. A, A, is the outer ornainental
casing of the stove; B is the fire-place; CC, fire clay lining to pro-
tect the metal of the "fire-place; Da stout cast iron plate which
divides the fire-place from the back of the stove the smoke and uncon-.
sumed gases pass over the top of the plate; EE, is the body of the.
stove formed of strong cast iron plates; E; is a perforated ornamental
cover, forming part of the outer casing A; this cover, when lifted and
thrown back; gives access to the sliding cover G below it. The cover G
slides back, and through the opening formed thereby fuel is supplied to.
the fire. His a loose iron, plate which may be readily-removed when
required for the purpose of cleaning the flue. The fuel is supported by
the grating I, which is made to slide to and fro by drawing, the,
handle towards the front of the stove; the fuel contained in the fire-
place is discharged into: the pan beneath. K is the ash-pan for
receiving, and removing the ashes.;, the pan K is placed within the
metal casing L, which is closely rivetted to the bottom of the stove in
order to exclude atmospheric air: M is a sliding door in front of the
stove, ground air-tight, and sliding on the front of the casing A; air is
admitted to the, fuel by the aperture, N. 0, 0, are feet to raise the
stove from the flooring in order to admit the cold-air beneath the stove.
P, P, are apertures for the passage of air around the sides.of the stove.
Qis an ornamental, perforated grating to allow the heated air to pass,
through; and diffuse itself throughout, the apartment. R, is the flue pipe
for carrying off the smoke, &c.. Access is obtained to the interior of
the grate by, sliding back the door G.when the fuel is ignited; this.
dooris closed, and the aperture N opened, by pushing aside, the plate.
M; this causes the cold air to rush through the fuel, which speedily
becomes intensely ignited, the heat of which may be immediately
moderated by partially closing the aperture N; by this, arrangement
the fire israt all times under controul, and may be instantly put out by.
drawing the handle of the grating I, which causes the fuel in the
fire-place to fall into the pan beneath, or the fire may be put out by:

page_text: closing the door M, and allowing it to gradually die out. The fire is:
supplied with fuel by the door G,. and a sufficient quantity may be put.
in at one time to maintain a fire for 70 hours, and if attended to before
the expiration of that period, the.fire may be 'maintained for any length
of time, the requisite quantity of air being regulated by the door M.
In the foregoing arrangement, the cold air passes below the stove
around the heated surface of the plates, E, E, and thence" into the
apartment through the apertures of the panel Q. In Fig. 3. is shown
an arrangement by which a greater. amount of heating surface is
exposed to the current of cold air, the temperature of which is propor-
tionably increased; hence stoves; of this description are adapted for
heating larger, apartments, as the current of cold air, may be passed:
through the stove with greater velocity than would be desirable in the
arrangement, shown by Fig. 1. A', A. Fig-3, is the outer casiiig;
B', the fire-place; C; C, the fire clay lining; Darhollow cast-iron
plate curved at the upper part so as to leave a space D": between the
inner sides-of the-same; E, E, the body of the stove; F', a perforated
cover; the other parts are the same as in Figs. 1; 2. "In addition to
the heat imparted to the cold air by the surfaces E', E', its temperature
is considerably increased by circulating round the..space D, and if
means be adopted to pass the air through the stove with a rapidity pro-
portioned to the heat given off by the fire, a large amount of air may
be quickly warmed.. In some instances, a supply of water heated by a
stove of the foregoing description-would be a useful addition. Fig. 4.
is a vertical section of a stoye of this description. R, R,-is a boiler,
corresponding in height to the fire clay lining at the back of the fire,
and occupying the position of the cast iron plate D; Fig. 1; the boiler.
should be fitted with induction and eduction pipes and fittings of the.
ordinary description. As the heat is comniunicated to both sides of the:
boiler, the, temperature of the water is quickly raised to the boiling
point, and a considerable quantity may be heated in this manner; the
other portions of the stove being similar to. that shown by foregoing
Figures need not be particularly. referred to. Fig. 5 is a. vertical.
section of a stove in which the smoke and non-combustible gases arc
carried off by, a perpendicular. flue in place. of the descending flue, as.
:

page_text: represented in the Figures 1, 3, and 4. a, a, is the casing; b, the fire-
place; c, c, fire clay lining; d, cast iron partition; e, a similar partition
secured to the top of the stove and descending about two thirds of the
depth, the upper part of which it cuts off; so that the smoke, &c, passes
over the partition d and under e, before it reaches the flue f. Stoves
of this description may, if required, be fitted with the extra heating
surface shown by Fig. 3, or with boiler for heating water as in Fig. 4.
These stoves may be applied to the heating of churches and other
public buildings, either by means of hot-air or water, by having pipes
communicating with the recess D", Fig. 8, or with the boiler R, R
Fig. 4, to convey the heated air or water to distant parts of the build-
ing, and returning to the stove, in order to maintain a continual
circulation.
The second part of our Invention has reference to ornamenting
or decorating the sides of stoves, such as herein-before described, or
others of a similar character, with slabs of pottery or earthenware, and
known as encaustic tiles. Hitherto considerable difficulty has been
experienced in fastening these tiles to the iron plates forming the sides
of the stove, the variations of temperature speedily detaching the
cement in which the tiles have usually been embedded. Our improve-
ments consists of a new method of fastening the tiles to the iron plates
beneath, by which they are rendered as secure as any other portion of
the stove, and the difficulty attending the application of these highly
ornamental additions to a stove entirely obviated. Fig. 6 is a plan, and
Fig. 7 a vertical section of a decorative tile, showing our method of
fastening the same; in the centre of the tile is a hole through which is
passed the pin of a metal rosette g, which screws into a female screw
tapped in the plate forming the side of the stove. The size and
arrangement of the tiles being decided upon, and the centre of cach
tile marked on the stove plate, an internal screw corresponding to the
screw on the rosette pin is made in the stove plate; the tiles are placed
in their proper positions and the rosettes screwed into the plates, by
which the tiles are securely fastened to the stove.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do

page_text: not confine ourselves to the precise details herein described and shown,
so long as the general principle of our Invention be adhered to. But
what we claim and desire to secure by these Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, the particular construction of hot air or slow combustion
stoves, as herein described and shown by Figs. 1, 2, of the Drawings
annexed; also the modifications described and shown by Figs. 3, 4,
and 5.
Secondly, we claim the particular mode of affixing encaustic tiles, or
other similar ornamental surfaces, to the sides or other parts of stoves,
as herein-before described and shown.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Riddel Musgrave, Robert
Musgrave, and James Musgrave, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JOHN R. MUSGRAVE. (L.S.)
ROBERT MUSGRAVE. (L.S.)
JAMES MUSGRAVE.
(L.S.)