IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSING HEAT
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, Iron-
founders, both of Sheffield, in the County of York, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin Stanley
and Jabez Stanley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th June 1862.
We, JOHN MARTIN STANLEY and JABEZ STANLEY, Ironfounders, both of
Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSING HEAT,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of stove for heating
apartments and buildings; the peculiar arrangement of the parts of the said
stove secures the advantageous developement and distribution of heat, whether
coal, coke, gas, or any other combustible material be used. The heat
generator is employed mainly in heating air which passes around the stove,
the body of which is divided horizontally by longitudinal plates into three or
more sections or flues in such manner that the gases resulting from com-
bustion pass from the fire-chamber in the front of the lower section, (through
which air to supply combustion is admitted) through an opening at the
back of the stove in the division plate above; they then pass along the next

page_text: section or flue to the third flue through an opening in the division plate
at the front end of the stove; they ultimately pass away through pipes in the
ordinary manner, but may be made to traverse any required number of
sections or flues. The body of the stove is surrounded by a plain corrugated
or ornamental plate enclosing an air space arranged in channels or otherwise;
the air space or channels at the bottom are quite open, but are covered at the
top with a perforated plate to obstruct the immediate passage, and therefore
break up the stream or streams of air, and bring all into contact with the
heated stove before entering into combination with the surrounding air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MARTIN STANLEY and JABEZ STANLEY, Ironfounders, both of Sheffield, in the
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, Her special licence, that we, the
said John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Martin Stanley and
Jabez Stanley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSING HEAT," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez
Stanley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
or their, or one of their hands and 'seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-..
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez
Stanley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stoves or apparatus for
diffusing. heat, for warning and rarifying the atmosphere for rooms, buildings,
and other purposes. The apparatus consists of a fire-box cast in one pieco
or in sections and fitted together, the length being about equal to four times
its width. This fire-box is raised from the floor upon a hollow pedistal pro-
jecting more or less beyond it on every side. The sides of this pedistal
are perforated, and in the top thereof a number of apertures are formed,
through which perforations or apertures the cold air to be heated enters, and
passes through the heated tubes hereafter described. In an opening in the
centre of this pedistal a set of fire-bars formed to the shape of the fire-box
are fitted, and under these bars 'a sliding ash-pit, which draws out at the end
is also fitted; this sliding draw or ash-pit encloses the entire area of the grate,
but does not project to any considerable extent therefrom, more than is suffi-
cient to cover the bar space and regulate the draft thereto; the draw or
moveable ash-pit is fitted with a valve at the end for regulating the flow of
the air to the fire-bars, which are cut off from the surrounding atmosphere or
very nearly so when the slide is closed. The fire-box is closed at the top by a
metal arch or roof, by which the products of combustion are conducted to an
aperture at the extreme end thereof. Through this aperture they are allowed
to pass and return under a second arch or roof, and over the first to a second
aperture at the opposite end of the second roof or metal arch, and are, again
conducted to a third aperture over the first, passing over the second arch, and
under the covering plate of the stove to an ascending or descending flue
therein, by which the smoke and other products of combustion are carried off,
and are thus effectually prevented from coming in contact with the sur-
rounding atmosphere of the room or building, the latter being warmed by
heat diffused by the circulation of the air through the apertures and tubular
passages surrounding the fire-box, and traversing the heated chambers of the
apparatus. The air which enters the perforated pedistal, before described, is
prevented from passing through the fire-grate by the enclosed sliding ash-pit;
and is conducted from the lower to the upper part of the apparatus through
a number of vertical cells or tubes, which entirely surround and are heated
by the fire in the fire-box. These cells are so arranged that the metal portion
of the fire-box forms an integral part of each tube, and thus the burning fuel
is caused to act directly upon a considerable arca or portion of their respective

page_text: heating surfaces, and thus a small quantity of fuel is rendered capable of
rarifying or heating a large volume of air as it circulates through the appa-
ratus. The cells or tubes being placed entirely round the fire-box, and being
constructed in the peculiar form herein-after described. While their heat in
effect is thereby increased, as regards the air which circulates through them,
they at the same time operate as non-conductors between the interior and
exterior surfaces of the fire-box and apparatus, and thus prevent the escape
of heat from the former consequent upon the ordinary construction. By an
apparatus of this improved construction the heat generated therein may be
retained for a greater or less length of time after the fuel has been fully
consumed by closing a valve or damper at the neck of the flue, by which the
products of combustion finally escape. By adjusting this valve and the valve
at the end of the enclosed ash-pit, the heating power of the apparatus may be
regulated at all times to the greatest nicity, and any required temperature
be obtained and preserved. The covering plates which close the hot air
cavity or tubular portions of the apparatus may be single and simply per-
forated, and the other entire, and by placing the latter over the former, and
making it capable of being slightly raised therefrom when desired, the volume
of heated air may thereby be also regulated. An opening is provided at onc
end of the apparatus where the fire-box is fed with fuel to the top and bottom
of this opening, being fitted with suitable plates for covering the openings of
the tubes through which it is formed. The door which closes the fire-box is
also formed upon the celular principle, or with inner and outer plates
commonly known as cavity plates. The apparatus may take a square, rect-
angular, circular, oval, or other form, as circumstances may require. The
peculiarity in form of the tubular sides of the fire-box, before alluded to,
consists in making them rectangular where the fire infringes upon them, and
semicircular, curved, corrugated, angular, or grouved on their external surfaces,
by which forms the area of the latter in contact with the surrounding
atmosphere is increased. For simplifying the mode of constructing these
apparatuses we propose to adopt the plan of casting the principal portions,
such as the pedistal, the fire-box, and tubular sides, each in one casting with
simple plain surfaces or beds capable of being put together without any
screws or rivets, a little common stopping being merely required to make
good any inequalities of surface, which may result from the casting operation,
suitable stops, flanges, or other projections and indents or grooves being cast
thereon and therein, for retaining the corresponding parts in their required
position when fitted together.

page_text: LAPLANATION OF THE DRAWING.
The general form of and mode of constructing an apparatus upon the
principle of our said improvements are illustrated upon the accompanying
Drawing.
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan between the main covering plates; Fig. 2, a
longitudinal section through the centre of the apparatus; and Fig. 3 a
plan
at the line A, B, (Fig. 2), through the fire-box. Where the same parts of
the apparatus are shewn in each Figure, they are lettered with similar or
repeating letters. It will therefore be understood that the following reference
applies to each illustration.
a, the fire-box; b, b, the tubular sides; c, the first arch; d, the aperture
therein ; e, the second roof; f, the flue covering plate; g, the tubular covering
plate; h, h, h, the circulating flue, the direction in which the products of com-
bustion are conducted from the fire-box to the aperture, where they finally
escape is shewn by the arrows; i, the valve, for regulating the draft in the neck
of the flue; j, the ash-pit; k, the open portion of the pedistal; 1, 1, the side
perforations and apertures, through which the air to be heated enters the appa-
ratus; m, the fire-bars; n, the fuel opening; o, the door; p, the ash-pit valve;
9, the upper fire-box chamber; r, r, the tubular sides thereof; s, s, the cor-
responding perforations and the covering plate, through which the air when
heated escapes into the apartment; t, the duplicate covering plates, for closing
the perforations when required; u, u, the corrugated surface of the apparatus.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and illustrated by
Drawing the manner in which our said improvements may be carried into
effect in practice, we hereby further declare that we do not absolutely restrict
ourselves in the application of our said Invention to the precise forms and
dimensions herein described and shewn upon the Drawing, as the principle
upon which the apparatus is constructed admits of the parts being modified
in both respects.
Whereof, we, the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY. (L.S.)
JABEZ STANLEY.
(L.S.)