IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE IRONS AND CUTTERS OF PLANES, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bedford, formerly of Sheffield, but now residing
in Paris, 52, Rue Charlot, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE IRONS AND CUTTERS OF PLANES, AND IN THE METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING THE SAME."-A communication from Mr. Joseph Schell,
residing at Monswillers, near Saverne, France.
Sealed the 5th December 1862, and dated the 20th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bedford at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1862.
I, JOHN BEDFORD, formerly of Sheffield; but now residing in Paris, 52, .Rue
5.Charlot, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IRONS AND CUTTERS OF PLANES, AND IN THE METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to an improved arrangement of the irons and
cutters of planes; secondly, to an improved method of manufacturing the
same. Hitherto plane irons have been made in two parts welded together,
and consist of plates of iron on which are. welded strips of steel of: suitable
depth, forming the cutting edge; these irons are forged and cut of the proper
form by the shears or chisel. The great disadvantage of this form and
arrangement of plane irons is that when much. worn they are obliged to be
thrown aside as entirely useless.
The first part of this Invention relates to a method-of applying the cutting

page_text: part, so that it may be entirely used up, for which purpose, instead of fixing
the steel cutter to the iron, I secure the latter by means of screws and so
render it completely independent of the iron; this screw runs in a slot to allow
of the cutter being shifted as it wears away, and to fix it in any desired position.
The cutter, when fitted to the iron as above mentioned is furnished with a
guard plate above the cutter, and fitted so as to slide backwards and forwards
with it when adjusting the latter. Thus it will be seen that the steel cutter
fitted to the iron as described may be completely worn out and another one
substituted without the plane iron or guard plate being injured, which may last
for an indefinite period.
The second part of this Invention relates to the manufacture of the parts
above described, by cutting or punching and shaping them in a lever or other
press, either in a heated or cold state, so as to produce them readily in a
finished state. The holes and slots in the plane irons and cutters are also
inado at the same time in one single operation.
In order to make the Invention better understood, I have represented in the
annexed Drawing several arrangements of plane irons, having the improved
cutters applied thereto, in which Figs. 1 and 2 show side and edge views of
the first arrangement, furnished with the improved cutter. Figs: 3, 4, and 5
show side and edge views, and also details of another arrangement of plane
iron similar to the foregoing, also furnished with a changeable cutter blade.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 show side, edge, and under side views of another arrangement
of plane iron furnished with a changeable cutter, and having a guard plate
which may be equally applied to all the different modifications. Figs. 10 and 11
show side and edge views in detail of the changeable cutter. The same letters
of reference indicate like parts in all the Figures seen in different positions.
a, plane iron, furnished with two slots b, c; the one.b, serves for receiving a
screw d solidly connected to plate e. The slot 'c receives a screw f. fixed to
cutter g. By loosening screw f and sliding it in slot c, the position of the
cutter may be regulated as it wears away, while by unscrewing d, and sliding
it in slot b, plate e may be fixed in position and projected to the desired
extent. In the second arrangement, Figs. 3, 4; 5, and 6. the screw d is fitted
longitudinally in slot 6, and screws into collars h formed on the guard plate e.
In the third arrangement a plate i is substituted for guard plate e, having a
'screw sliding in slot k, in order to advance plate i, according as the cutter g
becomes worn away. This plate i will be found of great advantage, and may
be applied to the other arrangements before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bedford in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BEDFORD, formerly of Sheffield, but now residing in Paris, 52, Rue Charlót,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Bedford, Her special licence that I, the said John Bedford, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Bedford, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend; within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE IRONS AND CUTTERS OF PLANES
AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," a communication to me by
Mr. Joseph Schell, a person residing at Monswillers, near Saverne, France,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Bedford, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bedford, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates, 1st, to improved arrangements of the irons and
cutters of planes, and 2ndly, to an improved method of manufacturing the
same. Hitherto plane irons have been made in two parts welded together,
and consist of plates of iron on which are welded strips of steel of suitable
depth forming the cutting edge; these irons are forged, rolled, or otherwise,
and cut of the proper form by the shears or chisel. The great disadvantage
of this form and arrangement of plane irons is that when much worn they are
obliged to be thrown away as entirely useless.
The first part of this Invention relates to a method of applying the cutting iron

page_text: a slot to
so that it may be entirely used up, for which purpose instead of fixing the
steel cutter to the iron, I'secure it to the latter by means of a screw, and so
render it completely independent of the iron; this screw runs.in
allow of the cutter being shifted as it wears away, and to fix it in any desired
position. The cutter when fitted to the. iron as above mentioned.is furnished
with a guard plate above the cutter, and fitted so as to slide.. backwards.and
forwards with it when adjusting the latter.. Thus it will. be seen; that the
steel cutter fitted to the iron as described may be completely worn out, and.
another one substituted without the plane iron or the guard plate being injured,
which may last for an indefinite period.
The second part of this Invention relates to the manufacture of the parts.
above described by cutting, punching, and stamping them. in a lever or other
press, either in a heated or cold state, so as to produce them readily in a finished.
state. The holes and slots in the plane irons and cutters are also made at, the,
same time in one single operation..
In order to make the Invention better understood, I have represented. in
the annexed Drawing several arrangements of plane irons having the improved.
catters applied thereto, in which Figs. 1 and 2 show side and edge views of
the first arrangement furnished with improved cutters; Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.
show side and edge views, and also details of another arrangement of plane
iron similar to the foregoing, also furnished with a changeable cutter blade;
Figs. 7, 8, and. 9 show side, edge, and under side views of another arrange-
ment of plane iron, furnished with a changeable cutter and having a guard.
plate which may be equally applied to all the different modifications; Figs. 10.
and 11 show side and edge views in detail of the changeable cutter. The
same letters of reference indicate like parts in all the Figures seen in different
positions.
a, plane iron furnished with two slots b, c; the one 6 serves for receiving a.
screw d solidly connected to plate e; this slot c receives a screw f fixed to
cutter g. By loosening screw f and sliding it in slot e, the position of the
cutter g may be regulated as it wears away, while by unscrewing d, and sliding
it in slot b, plate e may be fixed in position and projected to the desired
extent.
In the second arrangement,. Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, the screw d is fitted.
longitudinally in slot b, and screws into collar h formed on the guard plate e..
In the third arrangement a plate i, is substituted for guard plate e, having
a screw j sliding in slot k, in order to advance plate i according as the cutter.
9 becomes worn away. This plate i will be. found of great advantage, and
may be applied to the other arrangements before described.

page_text: Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the improved arrangements of irons and cutters of planes herein
described and represented in the Drawings annexed.
Secondly, I claim the method of producing such irons and cutters as herein
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bedford, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN BEDFORD. (L.S.)