Improvements in Pirns for Flax Weaving and in Winding and Unwinding Yarn in Connection with same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Pirns for Flax Weaving and in Winding and
Unwinding Yarn in Connection with same.
1, LACHLAN MAC LAINE Shrigley Killyleigh, Co. Down Ireland Flax-spinner, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
I construct fax-spinning frames for spinning flax yarns direct on to perns for
weaving shuttles and I arrange these frames for building the yarn on to the perns
in such a manner that the yarn will come freely off the perns in the manner
following viz. I control the motion of the building plate of the spinning frame by
means of levers and eccentrics so as to make it variable and enable the yarn as it is
spun to be built on to the perns from the bottom of the pern to the top and vice versa
alternately in as nearly the form of a perfect cone as possible. I also make the
aforesaid perns enlarged and with a short taper at the points to prevent the cone of
yara being pulled off the pern during the process of weaving. I also attach weighted
levers to the building plates to make them work steadily and prevent them sticking.
And I use the perus as aforesaid with the yarn built on them as aforesaid in the
weaving shuttles in weaving flax or linen yarn and I declare that I do not limit
myself to the precise details as aforesaid and may vary same according to circum-
stances.
LACHLAN MAC LAINE.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pirns for Flax-weaving and in Winding and
Unwinding Yarn in Connection with same.
1, LACHLAN MAC LAINE Shrigley Killyleigh Co. Down Ireland Flax-spinner do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
I construct flax-spinning frames for spinning flax yarus direct on to pirns for
weaving shuttles and I arrange these frames-for-building the yarn on to the pirus-in
such a manner that-the-yarn will come freely off the pirns in the manner following-
viz.—I control the motion of the building plate of the spinning frame by means of
levere and eccentrics so as to make it variable and enable the yarn as it is spun to be
built on to the pirns from the bottom of the pirn to the top and vice versa alternately
in as nearly the form of a perfect cone as possible. I also make the aforesaid pirns
enlarged and with a short taper at the point to prevent the cone of yarn being pulled
off the pirn during the process of weaving. I also attach weighted levers to the
building plates to make them work steadily and prevent them sticking. And I use
the pirns as aforesaid with the yarn built on them as aforesaid in the weaving shuttles
in weaving flax or linen yarn. And in order that my said invention may be more
fully understood I shall now proceed to refer to the drawings upon the sheet hereunto
annexed the same letters of reference indicating the same or corresponding parts of
my, apparatus throughout all the figures.
Figure 1. is an elevation view of part of the front of a flax-spinning frame, and,
Figure 2. is an elevation view of the end of a flax-spinning frame, in which A is
the builder motion driving shaft from the gearing end of the spinning frame with
a pinion B on its end which works by preference into teeth on the inside of the
geared quadrant marked C. D) is the crosshead end of said quadrant from which
chains marked E are carried over the two elongated cams marked F fastened to the
two builder shafts marked G, on which are fixed bosses marked H. H., to which the
builder chain's marked I. I. are attached. These chains are fastened to the bosses on
which they coil and uncoil as the builder plate rises and falls; they pass down on the
inside of the builder shaft as shown on the enlarged detailed sketch figure 3 where
they are marked I. I. and connected to the ends of the builder rods marked K. K.
which are placed behind the builder shafts marked G. G.
I place the pirns in the spinning frames in the usual place in which spinning
bobbins are placed and spin the yarn direct on to the pirns instead of on to bobbins,
and these pirns may be afterwards placed in shuttles for weaving; and in order to
build little yarn on the top of the pirns and to build most of it on the bottom of the
pirns and to build the yarn on to the pirns in the form of a cone I make the aforesaid
cams very elongated, and I carry said builder chains from the outside of the frame to
the inside of the frame over the builder shafts as before described. L. L. are the
weighted levers fixed on the building shafts to make them work steadily and to prevent
them sticking.

page_text: Figure 4. is a sectional elevation of my improved pirn for use in weaving shuttles
in which M is the enlarged short taper point so formed to prevent the cone of yarn
being pulled off the pirn in the process of weaving and N. the enlarged portion at
the base scored so as to hold the yarn firm on the pirn and the piru is made by
preference with a hole through it for a central spindle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The construction of flax-spinning frames for spinning flax yarus in a conical
form on pirns substantially as described and shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed,
and
2. The construction of pirus for weavers shuttles substantially as described and
shown in the drawings hereunto annexed.