IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOLDERS OR SAVE-ALLS FOR CANDLES
Year: 1880

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LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOLDERS OR SAVE-ALLS FOR CANDLES." A communication from
abroad by Paul Lehmann, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel nt the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1880.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR SAVE-ALLS FOR
CANDLES." [A communication from abroad by Paul Lehmann, of Berlin, in the
German Empire.]
According to the present Invention the upper end of a candlestick, or of a plug
to be fitted into the socket thereof, carries three or more spring claws, the upper
ends of which are curved inwards so as to grip between them the end of the candle
when they are pressed together, their spring action causing them to move apart
and release the candle when freed from such pressure. Various arrangements may
be employed for applying and removing the said pressure; thus, according to one
arrangement, a hollow cap or socket surrounds the claws, having at its upper end
an opening or sufficient size to permit the passage through it of the largest sized
candle, while its lower end fits with a female screw thread upon a male thread on
the candle stick or on the plug fitting therein. Thus, for inserting the candle, the
cap is screwed upwards on the candlestick so as to allow the spring claws to
expand, and on then screwing the cap downwards the edge of its upper opening in
pressing upon the curved ends of the claws presses these inwards so as to grip the
candle. Instead of the cap being screwed it may have helical or inclined slots or
grooves, into which take studs on the candlestick, or vice versa, or the cap or a
simple ring in lieu thereof may be pressed in a downward direction against the
claws by a spring or springs so as to contract them, so that when it is desired to
expand the claws this is effected by simply drawing the cap or ring upwards
against the action of the spring; or instead of the cap or ring being made to press
downwards upon the upper ends of the claws, it may be arranged below so as to
contract the claws by an upward pressure against the outwardly curved lower parts
of the claws, such upward pressure being effected either by a screw thread, a helical
slot and stud, or a spring, as in the former arrangements.
The spring claws are by preference fixed to a circular disc having a central hole,
through which passes a spike projecting up from the candlestick or plug, which
spike penetrates the lower end of the candle, and so steadies it; or in place of a
spike a conical cup may be fixed on the candlestick or plug, into which the lower
end of the candle fits so as to be steadied thereby.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th July
1880.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR SAVE-ALLS FOR
CANDLES." A communication from abroad by Paul Lehmann, of Berlin, in the
German Empire.
According to the present Invention the upper end of a candlestick, or of a plug
to be fitted into the socket thereof, carries three or more spring claws, the upper
ends of which are curved inwards so as to grip between them the end of the candle
when they are pressed together, their spring action causing them to move apart
and release the candle when freed from such pressure. Various arrangements may
be employed for applying and removing the said pressure; thus, according to one
arrangement a hollow cap or socket surrounds the claws, having at its upper end
an opening of sufficient size to permit the passage through it of the largest sized
candle, while its lower end fits with a female screw thread upon a male thread on
the candlestick or on the plug fitting therein. Thus, for inserting the candle, the
cap is screwed upwards on the candlestick, so as to allow the spring claws to
expand, and on then screwing the cap downwards the edge of its upper opening in
pressing upon the curved ends of the claws presses these inwards so as to grip the
candle. Instead of the cap being screwed it may have helical or inclined slots or
grooves, into which take studs on the candlestick, or vice versa, or the cap or a
simple ring in lieu thereof may be pressed in a downward direction against the
claws by a spring or springs so as to contract them, so that when it is desired to
expand the claws this is effected by simply drawing the cap or ring upwards
against the action of the spring; or instead of the cap or ring being made to press
downwards upon the upper ends of the claws, it may be arranged below so as to
contract the claws by an upward pressure against the outwardly curved lower parts
of the claws, such upward pressure being effected either by a screw thread, a helical
slot and stud, or a spring, as in the former arrangements.
The spring claws are by preference fixed to a circular disc having a central hole,
through which passes a spike projecting up from the candlestick or plug, which
spike penetrates the lower end of the candle, and so steadies it; or in place of a
spike a conical cup may be fixed on the candlestick or plug, into which the lower
end of the candle fits so as to be steadied thereby.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1 to 7 shew the first above described construction of save-all.
Figs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections, shewing how the instrument is adjusted for
candles of different sizes; Fig. 3 is an elevation, shewing the adjustment to suit a
candle of very small size; Fig. 4 shews the spring claws C and screwed plug or
candlestick end A, with the hollow cap B removed, the latter being shewn detached
in section at Fig. 5; Fig. 6 shews a perspective view of the disc D; and Fig. 7
shews a plan of the same with the spring claws C straightened out. These claws
being bent up to the shape shewn at Fig. 4, and the cap B being screwed upward
so as to allow the claws to expand to an extent corresponding with the opening of
the cap, the candle is inserted, whereupon by screwing down the cap this is made
to bear upon the claws so as to cause these to nip the candle between them, as
indicated at Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The plug or candlestick end A has a spike E, which
passes through a hole in the cup D, and enters the end of the candle so as to steady
it; or in place thereof the cup D or the candlestick end may be formed with a
conical hollow, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2, into which the end of the

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candle fits. Fig. 8 shews a vertical section, and Fig. 9 shews an elevation of the
before described modification, in which the cap B has helical slots or grooves B, into
which fit studs a fixed on the plug or candlestick end, so that by turning the cap
it is moved up or down, as in the previous arrangement. Figs. 10 and 11 shew
respectively a vertical section and an elevation of the before described modification,
in which the cap B is replaced by a ring, which is pressed by a spring λ against
the underside of the claws C, so as to cause these to nip the candle between them.
On pressing the ring downwards the claws are free to expand so as to permit of
the candle being inserted or withdrawn.
In either of the above arrangements the candle may be burnt down close to the
end by releasing the claws when the candle has burnt down to their tips, and after
raising the candle till its bottom is nearly level with the tips, securing it again in
that position by the cap or ring, as described.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
I claim,
First. The construction of save-alls, wherein a number of spring claws are caused
by the pressure against them of a moveable cap, ring, or equivalent device to nip or
hold a candle inserted between them, substantially as herein described.
Second. The construction of save-alls with spring gripping claws arranged and
operating as herein described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
CHAS. D. ABEL. (L.S.)