IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, ROVING, SLUBBING, AND SPINNING FRAMES, THE SAME BEING AP- LICABLE FOR OTHER ANALAGOUS PURPOSES." PROVISIONAL SPFIC
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Washington Robertson, of Dundee, in the County
of Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR
DRAWING, ROVING, SLUBBING, AND SPINNING FRAMES, THE SAME BEING AP-
LICABLE FOR OTHER ANALAGOUS PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Washington Roberston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1877.
GEORGE WASHINGTON ROBERTSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, ROVING, SLUBBING, AND
SPINNING FRAMES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER ANALAGOUS PURPOSES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the pressing rollers of drawing,
roving, slubbing, and spinning frames, as well as to the rollers of carding engines,
sometimes called "doffing rollers," and to other analagous rollers, consists in the con-
struction of such rollers, or the covering of the working surfaces of such rollers, with
the substance which I call "elamite," and which substance consists of paper or
vegetable fibres treated with the chlorides of zinc, tin, calcium, magnesium, or
aluminum, with or without carbonates and oxides, and with or without a solution of
glycerine, or a solution of sugar and water, in the manner described in the Speci-
fication of Augustus T. Schmidt, No. 113,454, for which Letters Patent have been
granted for the United States of America, and dated April 4th 1871.
In applying "elamite" to the pressing rollers of drawing, roving, and slubbing
frames, I use either the soft or hard " clamite," which I attach to the rollers by
forming a band or tube thereof of the desired diameter and width, so as to cover
the main central portion or body of the metal, or other material of which the said
rollers are constituted. In order to secure the band or tube of "elamite "firmly thereto
in cases where necessary, as, for example, in the cases of rollers for mulo spinning,
slubbing, and what are known as "intermediate" frames, I make screws with or
without countersunk heads of the hard "elamite," or of other suitable material, such
Drian G21

page_text: as wood. These screws pass through corresponding holes in the band or tube of
"elamite," and enter tapped holes in the body of the rollers.
In applying "elamite" for the pressing rollers of spinning frames, I construct
these preferably of the hard "elamite" in the following manner :-The spindle which
carries the pressing rollers is formed with two discs of the requisite diameter and
width apart to correspond with the spindles. The periphery of these discs has a
recess formed on it, so as to leave a flanch on one side, and into this recess a ring of
hard "clamite" is placed. Holes at any desired intervals are formed through the
ring of hard "elamite," as well as in the flanch of the disc. The holes are
tapped if necessary to receive screws or bolts passing through the holes in the ring
of "elamite."
Other equivalent means for fixing the "elamite" ring may be employed, or the
discs may be formed of "elamite" throughout.
It is preferred when fixing the "elamito" rings to the discs by screws or bolts, in
the manner herein-before described, to place a ring corresponding with the flanch
on the disc betweon the heads of the bolts or of the screws and the "elamite"
rings.
I also affix the hard or soft "elamite" to the discs or rollers in the following
manner I tako strips of "elamito" of the length corresponding to the circum-
ference of the rollers, which I secure thereto by scrows made of the hard "elamite,"
wood, or other suitable material, and when using strips of hard"elamite" for this
covering, I sometimes soften it by hot water or steam to enable it to be the more
easily laid around the rollers.
In applying the "clamite" for the rollers of calenders or mangles, I place it
thereon in layers with pressure after the manner of constructing paper rollers, and
I afterwards turn these rollers in a lathe to the required diameter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Washington Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd June 1878.
GEORGE WASHINGTON ROBERTSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain. “IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR DRAWING, ROVING, SLUBBING, AND
SPINNING FRAMES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PUR-
POSES."
My said Invention relates to the pressing rollers of drawing, roving, slubbing, and
spinning frames, the rollers of carding engines, and to other analogous rollers. It
consists in constructing or in covering the peripheries or working surfaces of such
rollers with the substance which I herein-after refer to or mention as "elamite."
The said substance is that formed by treating paper and vegetable fibrous substances
according to a process for which Letters Patent, Number 113,454, were granted for
the United States of America, on the 4th April, A.D. 1871, to Augustus T.
Schmidt, of Pittsburg, in the said United States. According to that process the
said paper, or paper pulp, or vegetable fibre (previously heated to expel moisture) is
immersed until it is saturated in a bath of "mother liquor," or the liquor resulting
from the manufacture of chloride of zinc, or other chlorides. To this liquor is added
a solution of chlorine in water, and a sufficient quantity of a carbonate to render the
solution neutral. The paper or fibre when saturated is removed from the bath and
washed in water (which may be slightly alkaline) to remove surplus liquor. The
paper or fibre thus treated is then dried slowly, and afterwards may be smoothed
and calendered.
The paper or fibro may be placed sheet upon sheet, or massed together when they
come from the chemical bath, and united or made compact by pressure. The
substance or "elamite" resulting from this process is strong and tough, and to some
degree flexible, approaching to the quality of parchment or skin.
The preceding process is somewhat varied where it is desired to produce either a
harder or softer "elamite."
Where a hard " olamite" is desired, the chemical bath in which the paper or fibre
is to be saturated is concentrated to a strength of about 50 degrees Baumé or upwards,
and heated to about 150 degrees Fahrenheit. The paper or fibre on leaving the
bath is passed over or between rollers, and plunged into water (which may be
slightly alkaline). In this it remains for from six to twenty-four hours, according to
the degree of hardness required, and afterwards it is subjected to pressure to solidify
it, make it smooth, and give it the desired shape, and it is then slowly dried.
An "elamite" of still greater hardness may be made by dissolving in the
chemical bath vegetable fibro, dextrine, gum, or starch, and also by sifting any
nineral substance or gums into or between the paper or fibre as it passes from
the bath.
Where the "elamite" is desired to be flexible and soft, so as somewhat to re-
semble soft vulcanized india-rubber without its elasticity, the paper or fibre is
saturated in the chemical bath, and is then passed over a hot leaden or other
suitable roller into a weak solution of alkali in water, and then into a bath of a
solution of water and glycerine or sugar, in the proportion (by measure) of one part
of glycerine or sugar to two of water. In this bath (which is preferably heated to
about 212 degrees Fahrenheit) the paper or fibre remains for about six hours, or a
longer period, according to the degree of softness required. A rough texture or
surface may be given to the resulting substance by sifting emery or powdered glass,
sand, or other mineral substance between or on the surface thereof.
Having now described the manufacture of the substance which I call "elamite,
I will proceed to explain with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner
in which I form or cover rollers therewith, according to my Invention, premising

page_text: that I use "elamite" of any degree of hardness or softness as I may find most
suitable for the purpose to which the rollers made according to my Invention are to
bė applied.
One mode of covering the body or central portion of rollers, so as to form a
working surface or periphery of "elamite" is illustrated in Figure 1, with regard
to a roller of a drawing frame. A band of "elamite "A of an internal diameter
equal to the diameter of the body B of the roller, and of a length equal to the
length of the roller is formed and passed over the said body of the roller as shown.
Where necessary, as for example in rollers for mule spinning, slubbing, and what are
known as
"intermediate frames," and in cases generally where the said rollers are
of small length or width, the "elamite" being in the form of a tube may be secured
by making it to fit tightly upon the cylindrical surface of the body of the roller;
and in other cases, that is to say, when the rollers are longer or of larger diameter
the "elamite" is fastened to the body of the rollers by means of any required
number of screws, as shown at C, C, in Figure 2, with regard to a pair of rollers for
roving frames, the one roller being in elevation, and the other in section. The said
screws C may be made of hard "elamite" or of other suitable material, such as
wood, and with or without countersunk heads. The screws C pass through holes
in the "elamite," and enter corresponding tapped holes in the body of the rollers.
Figure 3 represents a mode of securing the "elamite" to the pressing rollers of
spinning frames, which mode is especially suited for these rollers, for which I prefer
to use hard "elamite." The two discs or rollers D, D, of the requisite diameter and
distance apart are shewn, the one in elevation and the other in section. On the
peripheries of these discs are formed recesses having flanches d, d, on one side. Into
these recesses are passed rings of "elamite" A, A, of sufficient thickness to project
beyond the said flanches d, d. To secure the "elamite" in place flat rings e, e, of
an external diameter equal to that of the flanches d, d, are provided, and through
holes in these rings and through corresponding holes in the "elamite" are passed
screws C, the said screws entering tapped poles in the flanches d, d. By these screws
the "elamite" is pinched between the flanches d and the rings e, whereby it
is secured firmly in place; or the discs D, D, may be formed of "elamite
throughout.
"
In some cases in place of using the "elamite" in the form of a tube, I affix the
"elamite" to discs or rollers by taking strips thereof of a length corresponding to
the circumference of the rollers, which strips I secure thereto by screws of hard
"elamite," wood, or other suitable material as herein-before described with regard
to Figure 2. When these strips are of hard "elamite," I find that they are more
easily applied by previously softening them by means of steam or by hot water.
In Figure 4 I have shown with regard to a calender roller another mode of
applying the "elamite," which I prefer for the rollers of calenders or mangles, or other
such like large rollers. The circumference of the body B of the roller has flanches b, b,
at either end. In applying the "elamite" I place it on the said body B between the
said flanches b, b, in layers with pressure after the manner of constructing the
paper rollers of calenders, and I afterwards turn the "elamite" covering or working
surface of the roller in a lathe to the required diameter.
It will be understood that in place of covering the bodies or central parts of
rollers with a working surface of "elamite," that in the case of small rollers the
entire roller may be made of "elamite."
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used or
practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not claim as
of my Invention the manufacture of the "elamite" herein-before described; but
that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, constructing
rollers for drawing, roving, slubbing, and spinning frames, and other similar or
analogous rollers, such as the rollers of carding engines, of calenders, or of mangles,

page_text: "
by forming the said rollers of or covering their peripheries or working surfaces with
elamite," being the substance which is manufactured from paper or vegetable
fibre in the manner herein-before described, or in an essentially similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Washington Robertson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.