IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALE, PORTER, AND OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we WILLIAM
MAUGHAM, of Newport Street, in the County of Surrey, Consulting Chemist,
and ARCHIBALD DUNLOP the younger, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said William Maugham and Archibald Dunlop, our exors, adñiors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
we, the said William Maugham and Archibald Dunlop, our exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Maugham and Archibald
Dunlop, our exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALE, PORTER, AND OTHER FERMENTED
LIQUORS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the
said William Maugham and Archibald Dunlop, or one of us, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court

page_text: of Chancery within six calendar months next, and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in. compliance, with, the said proviso, we, the said
William Maugham and Archibald Dunlop, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
Our improvements in the manufacture of ale or porter, and other fermented
liquors, consist of heating these liquors after they have undergone the ordinary
process of vinous fermentation to such a temperature as to arrest the further
progress of the vinous fermentation. Our object in thus checking or destroying
the vinous fermentation is to allow of the ale or beer being placed in bottles
or other vessels under pressure, with the addition of carbonic acid gas, so as
to produce more advantageous results than heretofore.
In carrying out our Invention, we place the ale or beer in a cask or other
suitable vessel, having a coil of pipe (of metal, tin,) passing through it, like the
worm in an ordinary worm tub. To bring the ale or beer to the temperature
, of one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit,
which is the temperature resorted to by us, we pass steam through the pipe
until such temperature is obtained. While the heating process is going on
the bung of the barrel should only so close the bunghole as to require but
slight pressure to remove it, the object of which is to expose the liquor to the
external atmosphere as little as possible, and as soon as the heat above
mentioned has been obtained the cask is to be entirely closed; the ale or beer
thus heated is then cooled down to the temperature of the atmosphere, which
we do by passing cold water instead of steam through the pipe. Proper cocks
for admitting steam and cold water, at the will of the operator, are to be
connected with the pipe. After the ale or beer has been thus heated and
cooled down, instead of using what are called "finings" for rendering it clear
or bright, we pass it through a filter, taking care that as little air be
admitted to the liquor as possible, and with this object we connect the vessel
in which the ale or beer has been heated and cooled with the upper part of a
closed filter, composed of layers of sand and animal charcoal; and to the lower
part of the filter we connect the receiving vessel, which we exhaust of air, and
we allow the ale or beer to flow from the first-mentioned vessel through the
filter and into the last-mentioned vessel, admitting only a sufficient quantity of
air into the first-mentioned vessel to allow of this taking place. The ale or
beer (being rendered bright by filtration) is then to be charged with carbonic

page_text: acid gas and bottled; and this, we believe, can be most conveniently done by
using the apparatus described under a Patent granted to George Purt and
William Hale, on the Eighth day of December, in the sixth year of Her
Majesty's reign.
We would remark that our Invention is more particularly applicable to
beer and ale, but may be applied to other fermented liquors which are after-
wards to be aërated. We have been particular in describing the temperature
and the exact details of the process as practised by us, but we do not confine
ourselves thereto so long as the peculiar character of our Invention be
retained; but what we claim is, the heating of beer or ale, or other fermented
liquor, after it has undergone fermentation, so as to prevent any further vinous
fermentation taking place.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Maugham and Archibald Dunlop
the younger, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and