Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 4th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 6th Sept., 1887.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved candle which is not liable to gutter and burns
with a steady flame. These candles may be moulded in one or in two parts which are
united in the process of manufacture as hereinafter described. In a candle made
according to this Invention a central solid cylinder of relatively small diameter
carrying the wick and slightly tapering towards the upper extremity in order to
facilitate its withdrawal from the mould is surrounded by an outer hollow cylinder
likewise slightly taper and an annular space is left between the outer surface of the
central cylinder and the inner surface of the outer tubular cylinder. The candle is
made solid for a portion of its length at the lower end that is to say the annular space
is filled up at this part either by an enlargement on the lower end of the central
cylinder fitting the interior of the outer cylinder when the inner and outer cylinders
are moulded separately or by employing a mould of suitable form when the entire
candle is moulded in one operation. In the former case (candle made in two parts)
the internal surface of the outer cylinder being parallel with the outer surface tapers
slightly from the lower to the upper end and the enlargement on the lower end of the
central cylinder being correspondingly tapered is introduced into the outer cylinder
from below and is firmly fixed therein. Ribs wings corrugations or other altornate
elevations and depressions may be formed either on the enlargement of the inner
cylinder or on the interior surface of the outer cylinder or on both in order to connect
the parts more securely or the adjacent surfaces may be made of hexagonal or other
angular form with the same object.

page_text: In the second case (candle moulded entire in one operation) the annular space
tapers on both sides being wider at the upper than at the lower end in order to
facilitate the withdrawal of the mould the inner surface of the outer cylinder not being
truly parallel with the outer surface. The extremity of that part of the mould which
forms the annular space may be provided with teeth pins or projections which
form hollows or perforations in the lower end of the candle. Any suitable material
such as stearine, paraffine wax grease or the like may be employed in making these
improved candles and the inner and outer cylinders may if preferred be composed of
different materials.
Dated this 4th day of November 1886'

page_text: 1 JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Charles Goublier of 48 Rue de Bondy Paris in
the Republic of France Manufacturer and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to an improved candle which is not liable to gutter and burns
with a steady flame. These candles may be moulded in one or in two parts which are
united in the process of manufacture as hereinafter described. In a candle made
according to this Invention a central solid cylinder of relatively small diameter
carrying the wick and slightly tapering towards the upper extremity in order to
facilitate its withdrawal from the mould is surrounded by an outer hollow cylinder
likewise slightly taper and an annular space is left between the outer surface of the
solid central cylinder and the inner surface of the tubular or hollow outer cylinder―
The candle is made solid for a portion of its length at the lower end that is to say the
annular space is filled up at this part either by an enlargement on the lower end of
the central cylinder which fills the lower end of the outer cylinder when the inner
and outer cylinders are moulded separately or by employing a mould of suitable form
when the entire candle is mould in one operation.
In the former case (candle made in two parts) the internal surface of the outer
cylinder being parallel with the outer surface tapers slightly from the lower to the
upper end and the enlargement on the lower end of the central cylinder being corro-
spondingly tapered is introduced into the outer cylinder from below and is firmly
fixed therein-Ribs wings corrugations or other alternate elevations and depressions
may be formed either on the enlargement of the inner cylinder or on the interior
surface of the outer cylinder or on both in order to connect the parts more securely or
the adjacent surfaces may be made of hexagonal or other angular form with the same
object.
In the second case (candle moulded entire in one operation) the annular space
tapers on both sides being wider at the upper than at the lower end in order to
facilitate the withdrawal of the mould the inner surface of the outer cylinder not
being truly parallel with the outer surface-The extremity of that part of the mould
which forms the annular space may be provided with teeth pins or projections
which form hollows or perforations in the lower end of the candle. Any suitable
material such as stearine paraffine, wax, grease or the like may be employed in
making these improved candles and the inner and outer cylinders may if preferred be
composed of different materials,

page_text: And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates in elevation the central portion
detached of a candle according to this Invention. Figure 2 shows the outer portion
likewise detached in vertical and horizontal section and figure 3 represents in
vertical section and in plan the complete candle composed of two parts moulded
separately.
This candle is made with a solid central part a carrying a wick e and provided at its
lower extremity with an enlargement b-The part a and the enlargement b are made
slightly taper as shown in the drawing in order to facilitate the moulding, the
diameter of the enlargement b at f being greater than that at 9-Figure 2 shows the
form of the outer part marked c which is also made taper with the same object-
These two parts a and c being moulded separately are connected together as
indicated in figure by means of the enlargement b which may be made with
corrugations or ribs as indicated in the section figure 3* which represents a section
taken along the line A-B figure 3 in order to enable it to fit more securely into
the lower end of the tubular part c. With the same object the parts b and c may
be made angular or polygonal in section as indicated in Figure 5. The form of the
surfaces of contact at this part may be variously modified so as to form the joint with
or without openings or hollow space between the parts a and c.
Figure 4 represents in longitudinal section a candle according to this Invention
made or moulded in one piece-In this case it is necessary to make the sides of the
outer part taper in thickness-As indicated in this figure the internal lines l m incline
slightly outwards so that the space between the central part a and the tubular part c
is wider at the upper part ss than at the lower part t t. This enables the candle to
be readily removed from the mould which may be made with pins passing through
the base or lower part of the candle so as to form holes or openings extending
from t to u Figure 4-The shape of the openings in the base of the candle may be, as
indicated in Figure 6 for example.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is.
First A candle composed of an inner central part carrying the wick and
surrounded by an outer tubular part of the same or different composition as the
innner part of the said outer part being separate from the inner part except at the
base which is either solid or provided with holes or passages substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Second-The general combinations and arrangements of parts forming an improved
candle composed of two parts moulded separately or moulded together in one
operation substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
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