CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chisholm, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chisholm at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1874.
I, JOHN CHISHOLM, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES AND TWINERS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as
follows:-
:―
My Invention relates to the backing-off motion, and it consists in so
arranging the parts that the backing-off chain which depresses the faller
wire when once set to the proper tension does not require regulating
during the formation of the cop, whereas it has heretofore been necessary
to leave the chain slack at the commencement of the cop and gradually
to tighten it as the cop is being built.

page_text: In performing my Invention I dispense with the snail on the snail
plato, which is loose on the tin drum shaft, and I attach one end of the
backing-off chain to the boss of the snail plate. The other end of this
chain is carried partly round and secured to a pulley on the lever
commonly called the monkey tail lever. To this pulley is fixed a cam t
or eccentric, and one end of a second backing-off chain is attached to
the smallest diameter of the cam or eccentric and the other end is
connected to a lever on the faller shaft in the usual way. Both the
backing-off chains are tightened to the proper tension by regulating
screws as usual. By connecting the second backing-off chain to the 1
smallest diameter of the cam or eccentric the faller wire is brought down
at the proper rate to correspond with the number of times that the
yarn is coiled on the spindle, and which coils require to be backed off.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Chisholm in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CHISHOLM, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Chisholm, Her special licence
that I, the said John Chisholm, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Chisholm, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MULES AND TWINERS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Chisholm, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or

page_text: one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
5 of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Chisholm, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say) :—
My Invention relates to the backing-off motion, and it consists in so
arranging the parts that the backing-off chain which depresses the
faller wire when once set to the proper tension does not require regulating
during the formation of the cop, whereas it has heretofore been necessary
to leave the chain slack at the commencement of the cop and gradually
to tighten it as the cop is being built.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is part of an ordinary self-acting mule to which my improved
backing-off motion is applied. In this view a is the roller beam; a¹, the
drawing rollers; b, the carriage; c, the spindles; d, the faller shaft, to
which is fixed the lever & supporting the faller wire d³ and the lever d',
to which the backing-off chain is suspended; e is the counterfaller shaft;
f, the axle of the tin drum; f¹, the snail plate; and 9, the lever com-
monly called the monkey tail lever. All these parts are made in the
usual manner.
In performing my Invention I dispense with the snail on the snail
plate f, which is loose on the tin drum shaft f, and I attach one end of
the backing-off chain h to a plain boss cast to the snail plate. The other
end of this chain is carried partly round and secured to the pulley i,
which is mounted on a stud in the lever g. To this pulley is fixed or
cast the cam j, and one end of the second backing-off chain & is attached
to the said cam, and the other end is connected to the lever d' on the
faller shaft in the usual way. Both the backing-off chains h and k are
tightened to the proper tension by regulating screws of the usual con-
struction. By connecting the second backing-off chain ⁄ to the cam j

page_text: "
in the manner shewn in the Drawing the faller wire d' is brought down
at the proper rate to correspond with the number of times that the yarn
is coiled on the spindle, and which coils require to be backed off before
the next layer of yarn is wound on the cop. The backing-off chain h is
secured to the boss of the snail plate f¹ by the screw f' as usual, and in
order to give the required rapid descending motion to the faller wire d'
at the commencement I cast a lump on the boss of the snail plate, as
shewn at f'. When the faller wire is down and the backing off is com-
pleted the boot leg or locking lever / suspended to the lever d¹ is hooked
on the stud m to arrest the motion of the snail plate during the running
in of the carriage.
My Invention may be modified by retaining the ordinary snail on the
snail plate f¹. In this case the shape of the cam j fixed to the pulley i
would be slightly varied, as shewn in Fig. 2, to compensate for the extra
amount of chain taken up by the snail.
Another modification of my Invention is shewn in Fig. 3. In this
arrangement the spur pinion f is cast or fixed to the snail plate f¹³, and
this pinion gears into the wheel fs, to which the cam j is fixed. The
backing-off chain his secured to this cam, and after passing under the
pulley in the monkey tail lever g it is connected as usual to the
This arrangement is particularly suitable
lever d' on the faller shaft d.
where a great amount of backing off is required.
In the various modifications shewn it is only necessary to regulate the
tension of the backing-off chain or chains at the commencement of the
formation of a set of cops, and this tension will remain uniform through-
out the building of the cops, whereas in mules and twiners of the
ordinary construction it was absolutely necessary to leave the chain slack
at the commencement, and the spinner was obliged to tighten it by hand
as the cops increased in size, or an additional tightening motion had to
be applied to alter the tension of the chain during the formation of
the cop.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described several
convenient modes of performing the same, I wish to remark that I do
not intend to limit myself to the details given, as the same may be
modified according to the peculiar construction of the mule or twiner to
which my improvements are applied, and I claim the use of a cam to

page_text: govern the number of turns of the spindle in backing off, while the
backing-off chain remains at a uniform tension during the formation of
the cop, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Chisholm, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.