CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WAOMS FORAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hadfield, of the City of Manchester,
Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WA
Sealed the 6th January 1854, and dated the 14th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hadfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th November 1853.
I, WILLIAM HADFIELD, of the City of Manchester, Spinner and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new combination of parts for regulating
the unwinding of the warp on the warp beam. To the fulcrum shaft
of the ordinary vibrating roller, which slackens the yarn when the shed
is opened, I fix a bent-lever or gauge; this gauge acts upon the end
of a slotted bar, to which is jointed a click, taking in a ratchet wheel;
on the axis of the ratchet wheel is a level pinion, gearing into another
pinion fixed on the same shaft as a worm gearing into a wheel on the
warp beam. The slotted bar is moved in one direction by the taking
up lever or other convenient part of the loom, and it is always brought

page_text: back into contact with the bent lever or gauge on the fulcrum shaft of
the vibrating roller by a spring or weight or other means.
The operation is as follows:-At every move of the slotted bar, if
the gauge allows it to go back sufficiently, the click drops into a tooth
of the ratchet wheel, thereby giving motion to the warp beam; but if
the gauge does not allow the slotted bar to move back enough the
click does not drop into a fresh tooth of the ratchet wheel, but con-
tinues to work on the same tooth until the position of the vibrating
roller is sufficiently changed to alter the position of the gauge, which
then allows the slotted bar to be brought back by the spring or other
agent so as to let the click drop into a fresh tooth. By this means
the letting off and the tension of the yarn are kept more uniform
throughout the whole warp than by the ordinary modes, thereby
producing a more uniform fabric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Hadfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM HADFIELD, of the City of Manchester, Spinner and Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Hadfield, Her special license
that I, the said William Hadfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Hadfield, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-

page_text: MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Hadfield, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Hadfield, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved combination
of parts for letting the yarn off the warp beam; and in order that my
Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect
I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of a loom to which my improvements are
applied; Fig. 2, is a plan of part of the same; and Fig. 3, a view
from the back. a, is the crank shaft; b, the connecting arms: c, the
lay swords; d, the warp beam; and e, the taking up roller: the warp,
which is shewn by the line f, is taken over the vibrating rail g, sup-
ported by arms g¹, keyed on the fulcrum shaft g²; g, is a slot lever,
and g', the spring for tightening the warp, all of which parts of the
loom are constructed in the usual manner. To the fulcrum shaft g², is
fixed the bent lever or gauge g³, forming part of my improved letting
off motion, the object of which will be explained hereafter. The bar h,
is supported on the shaft i, and motion is given to it by the taking up
lever j, or any other convenient part of the loom; to the bar h, is
hinged the click h', which takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel 1;
this ratchet wheel is fixed on the shaft i, to which is also fixed the
bevel pinion m, gearing into the pinion m', fixed to the worm n; this
worm and pinion revolve on a fixed stud, and the worm n, takes into

page_text: the worm wheel d¹, fixed on the warp beam d. The bar h, after
having been moved in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1, by the
taking up lever j, or other convenient part of the loomi, is drawn. back
again by the spring o. The tension of the warp is determined either
by increasing or diminishing the distance from the shaft g², to the stud
by which the spring g', is attached to the slot-lever g, or by tightening
the nut at the under part of the spring g'. The operation of the
various parts is as follows:-When the taking up lever j has given
motion to the bar h, the end marked he is drawn beyond the reach of
the gauge g, and the click his at the same time brought against the
teeth of the ratchet wheel but when the batten recedes from the
cloth the taking up lever j is moved back, and the stud to which the
bar h is hinged slides on the slot of the bar h, which is then acted
upon by the spring o, and drawn back until the end h² comes in
contact with the gauge g³.
The position of this gauge varies according to the tension of the
warp, for it is evident that when the warp is too slack the lever g',
being acted upon by the spring g', descends and moves the gauge g³
towards the end h of the bar h, and the contrary action takes place
when the warp is too tight: The number of teeth in the ratchet
wheel l, pinions m, and m', and wheel d', is so proportioned that when
the warp beam is full the ratchet wheel' is not moved at every stroke
of the batten, but as it is necessary to move the warp beam through a
greater portion of a revolution in proportion as the warp is unwound,
it is evident that more traverse must be given to the bar h, and,
consequently, more motion to the warp beam, in proportion to its
diminishing diameter.
When the warp becomes slack the spring g draws down the
lever g³, and moves the gauge-g towards the end of the bar h; con-
sequently, when this bar has been moved a certain distance in the
direction of the arrow, it is evident that its backward motion is
reduced, when, owing to the slackness of the warp, the gauge gs is
brought towards the end h². If the distance between the end h, and
the gauge g', is not equal to the length of a tooth in the ratchet
wheel, the click h¹ slides on the tooth, and no motion is given to the

page_text: warp beam; but if the warp is tighter than usual the vibrating rail g
overcomes the resistance of the spring g', and moves the gauge g³
further from the end of the bar h; consequently, when the spring o
draws back the bar h, the click h¹ passes over one or more teeth of
the ratchet wheel before the end h comes against the gauge g',
whereby when the bar his moved forward more motion is given
to the warp beam, thereby letting off as much warp as is necessary to
equalize the tension. By this means a more uniform fabric is produced
than by the letting off motions generally employed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that. I do not
confine myself to the details, so long as the peculiar character of my
Invention be retained; but what I do claim is, the improved com-
bination of machinery for regulating the letting off and the tension of
the warp from the vibrating motion, as herein-before described, and
shewn in the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hadfield, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named William Hadfield
in the presence of
H. B. BARLOW,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
W HADFIELD. (L.S.)