IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING BRICKS AND FOR MOULDING OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Green, of the City, County, and State of
New York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR MAKING BRICKS AND FOR MOULDING OTHER MATERIALS."
communication from abroad by Emery Ross Gard, of New York aforesaid.
A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1876.
CHARLES HENRY GREEN, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING BRICKS AND FOR
MOULDING OTHER MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Emery Ross
Gard, of New York aforesaid.
In this improved brick machine the pug mill and pug mill shaft are situated
horizontally, and the mould wheel is upon a horizontal shaft situated above the pug
mill shaft, so that the moulds arranged in a concentric circle in the mould wheel
pass properly across the bottom or delivery end of the pug mill in the lower part of
their revolving circuit, and the bricks as fast as they are moulded in the said
moulds are delivered in the upper part of the mould circuit upon a horizontally
travelling belt, which carries them from the machine for hacking. The power is
communicated to the machine by means of a horizontal shaft placed at the side of
the pug mill, and parallel with its shaft, to which it transmits motion through two
cog wheels respectively on the two shafts, and a cog wheel on the driving shaft
gears immediately into cog gearing on the periphery of the mould wheel, so that
the pug mill shaft, workers, and screw turn in the same direction as the mould
wheel, and the cog gearing which transmits the motions to them is relatively
proportioned so as to impart the desired velocity to the said parts.
The brick delivering belt is driven by means of an internal gear on an inner
periphery of the mould wheel, the mould wheel being formed with a central cavity
so that this movement for driving the belt is rendered practicable. The said
interior gear matches into the cogs of a pinion on the shaft of the inner carrying
pulley of the deliving belt. This pulley shaft is mounted in a bearing attached to
or formed with the pug mill bottom, and projecting upward into the proper position
гр

page_text: for the purpose. The outer carrying pulley of the delivery belt is mounted in
bearings which have screw threaded shanks to pass through a post or upright set
firmly in the ground at the desired distance from the machine, or attached to an
extension of the frame of the machine. Nuts on the ends of the screw shanks of
the bearings serve to tighten the belt by drawing the bearings farther from the post.
The whole device is simple, convenient, and effectual.
The Invention consists in the peculiar features of the general construction of the
machine as above set forth, and in the special features which are herein-after
specified. The clay forcing screw on the pug mill shaft works in immediate vicinity
to the inner face of the mould wheel, without any intervening plate or partition as
is usual. By this construction no unnecessary obstruction to the movement of the
clay is interposed nor useless friction, and no imperfection nor inconvenience in the
working of the machine are incurred. To secure the necessary strength of all the
parts with this relative arrangement of the pug mill screw and the mould wlicel,
the face of the mould wheel being made annular with a central cavity therein as
above described, this annular part is made as narrow as practicable; each side of the
outer and inner corners of the moulds are set oblique to the tangents of the mould
wheel, one end of each mould being at right angles to the radii of the wheel at
those respective points, while the other ends of the moulds are considerably oblique
to the radii of the mould wheel at those points. An annular or arc-shaped opening
is formed in the pug mill bottom to receive the annular part of the mould wheel,
allowing thereby the inner surfaces of the mould wheel and of the pug mill bottom
to be flush with each other. The pug mill screw sweeps across this annular part of
the mould wheel, and fills the moulds in the most efficient manner.
In order to hold the pug mill screw close and firm to the pug mill bottom and to
the face of the mould wheel, and to adjust it if necessary, there is located in the
outer bearing of the pug mill shaft a block of chilled iron or other very hard
material to bear against the end of the shaft, and outside of this block is located a
nut in which an adjusting screw turns and bears against the block for adjusting its
position and that of the pug mill shaft and screw. The block has an oil cavity to
be provided with a small outlet opening leading to the centre of the end of the pug
mill shaft. The oil cavity is to be kept supplied with oil and cotton waste or its
equivalent to prevent the too rapid escape of the oil. The block and screw and its
nut are embedded in cavities in the bearing, and they can be removed at will on
taking off the cap of the bearing. A precisely similar device for holding, adjusting,
and oiling the mould wheel shaft in the frame is employed The inner end of the
mould wheel shaft has its bearing in an extension of the pug mill bottom, and
the inner bearing of the pug mill shaft is in the outer end of the pug mill.
There is or may be also a bearing support for the pug mill shaft just outside or
back of the forcing screw, supported by the sides of the pug mill or tub.
The lower half of the pug mill is suitably supported by or forms part of the
frame of the machine, and its upper half is hinged to the lower half or made
removeable therefrom.
A
The pug mill bottom, as far as it extends around the periphery of the mould
wheel, including an extension which contains the pressure plates or stone blocks, is
made to closely embrace or enclose a portion of the outer periphery of the mould
wheel; and to prevent the leakage of clay between the two, angular projections
are formed on the periphery of the mould wheel, and corresponding angular
shoulders or recesses on or in the enclosing surface of the pug mill bottom.
similar construction is applied between the inner periphery of the mould wheel
and the part of the pug mill bottom which fits therein. The followers in the
moulds are forced backward therein by the pressure of the clay itself, driven
inward by the screw on the pug mill shaft. The followers are driven forward to
produce the compression of the bricks in the moulds by means of a track or cam
secured in the frame of the machine, concentric with and opposite to the pathway
of the followers, and extending through so much of the circuit of the followers
in the revolution of the mould wheel as is necessary to fulfil its functions, which

page_text: include also the regulation of the backward movement of the followers from the
pressure of the clay, as well as the active function of forcing the followers inward to
compress the bricks or hold them under pressure while they are carried along in
contact with the pressure plates or blocks.
This regulation of the movement of the followers while filling the moulds, and
the shape of the cam track to effect it, are important and peculiar. When successively
each follower in its circuit with the mould wheel first comes opposite to the interior
of the pug mill its inner surface is flush or nearly so with the inner surfaces of the
mould wheel and pug mill bottom; then while it is traversing across the inner
space of the pug mill, and the screw on the pug mill shaft is acting to press the clay
into the mould, the follower is allowed by the gradual retreat or backward inclination
of the cam track to move backward only gradually, so as to cause the mould to be
continually filling during the whole or nearly the whole traverse across the pug
mill; therefore no air enters the mould, but the clay enters and fills it as fast as the
follower retreats. Hence no air ever interferes to spoil the bricks, and the clay is
always thoroughly compacted in the moulds, and without any sudden exertion of
power or strain on the machine.
The horizontal position of the pug mill and of the mould wheel shaft enables
ready access to be obtained to the cam track and all the operative parts connected
with the mould wheel and followers, and to adjust any part necessary with
convenience.
The upper part or continuation of the cam track, which is situated opposite to
the pressure plates or blocks, is made separate from the main track below, and this
part is made adjustable toward and from the followers to determine the amount of
pressure to be given to the bricks. This adjustment is effected by casting screws in
the same to reach backward through the sustaining parts of the frame, and two nuts
are employed for each screw, one for adjusting the track piece, and the other for
tightening and retaining it in position.
At the upper end of the adjustable part of the cam track is a moveable piece
adjustable out or in, toward or from the said part to give the final pressure to the
bricks, greater or less, as desired.
The mould wheel is sustained against the pressure of the clay in the pug mill
and under the pressure plates or blocks in addition to the hardened block at the
outer end of its shaft, by means of friction rollers, one opposite to the pressure
plates, and the other opposite to the pug mill. Each of these friction rollers has a
somewhat bevilled or conical periphery to fit against a corresponding form of the
back surface of the mould wheel near its periphery, against which surface the
friction rollers bear. Each friction roller turns upon a fixed axle or pivot, which
has square or flat-sided ends that slide in slots or ways of its bearings, and against
these ends laterally are pressed blocks (or nuts when screws pivotted stationery in
the frame are employed) by adjusting screws to adjust the rollers to proper angles
for fitting the bevilled surface of the mould wheel; also a block or nut bears
against the outer end of the pivot of the one roller, and against the lower end of the
other roller, and each is adjusted by a set screw to adjust the roller toward or from
the shaft of the mould wheel, and bring its periphery in contact with the bevilled
surface of the mould wheel. The pivot has a shoulder outside of the roller to cause
the roller to move laterally with the longitudinal adjustment of the pivot. Each
roller pivot has an oil cavity in its centre to be supplied through a hole in the
upper side thereof for the roller, and having another hole to furnish oil to the eye of
the roller, to which it leads for lubricating the same.
For the vertical pivot of the second roller the oil cavity may open directly into
its upper end or journal, and be supplied through the upper bearing of the pivot.
Each cavity is to contain cotton waste and oil.
As soon as the moulds are filled with clay they pass from the pug mill at once
behind a plate or stone block, which serves to cut off the clay in the pug mill from
that in the moulds, and to produce a counter pressure against the followers acting.

page_text: against the bricks by the force of the cam track. This plate or block is adjusted to
the face of the mould wheel by set screws in the extension of the pug mill bottom
simply bearing against the back surface of the plate or block; it is sustained in
position by a wooden or iron pin passed through the pug mill bottom. Just above
the upper end of this pressure plate. or block is an outlet aperture through the
extension to allow the escape of the surplus clay that puffs out from the moulds
after the bricks therein have passed through the pressure, as above specified.
Immediately above the clay outlet is placed another pressure plate or stone block,
which cuts off all surplus clay from the bricks in the moulds, and gives a final
counter pressure to the bricks, smoothing also their outer surface. This pressure
plate is adjusted to the mould wheel by screws in the extension of the pug mill
bottom bearing against the back surface of the plate or block, which also is sustained
in position by a wooden or metal pin inserted through the extension into the plate
or block.
After the bricks have been submitted to the final pressure and brought up into
the proper position they are gradually pushed out of the moulds so as finally to
drop therefrom when they are at or near the highest ascent of the mould circuit.
The followers are driven forward in the moulds for expelling the bricks there-
from by means of a stationary cam. This cam for convenience and economy of
construction is formed as a part of the bearing cap of the mould wheel shaft.
The arrangement of the moulds, as before specified, so that the rear ends thereof
as the mould wheel revolves are in line with radii of the mould wheel, thus causing
the front ends of the moulds to extend nearer to the outer periphery of the said mould
wheel, enables the bricks to be deposited upon the horizontal carrying-off belt just
when the moulds are in a horizontal position, so that both ends of the bricks
descend alike upon the belt and through the smallest possible distance after they
drop from the moulds. Thus they come upon the belt perfect in form and unmarred
in surface.
For oiling the faces of the followers without oiling the face of the mould wheel
the followers are caused at proper times to be pushed out somewhat beyond the
inner surface of the mould wheel when or immediately after they deliver the bricks
upon the carrying-off belt. To accomplish this there is a moveable piece in the face
of the stationary cam adjustable toward and from the mould wheel by a set screw
in the cam so that this piece can at any time be adjusted forward to throw the
followers beyond the face of the mould wheel when the oiling is required, and after-
ward be adjusted back flush with the face of the cam when the followers are desired
only to be pushed out even with the face of the mould wheel. The moveable piece
should be adjusted forward only when the machine is in operation making full
bricks, otherwise since the pressure of the clay is relied on to push the followers
back into the moulds the followers would strike the edge of the pressure plate or
block and produce damage. Therefore the machine is always first started and got
to making full bricks before the followers are thrown out for oiling, and the
anoveable piece is always set back before stopping the machine, and the clay gets
low in the pug mill and finally does not fill the moulds.
The follower oiling device consists of an oil box secured to the pulley bearing or
to an extension of the pug mill bottom a little distance from the face of the mould
wheel, and provided with an oiling brush or its equivalent at the bottom to apply
the oil to the followers as they pass by it. The oil box is filled with oil and has a
peculiar device for gradually supplying the oil to the brush without waste.
There are three, more or fewer, screws inserted through the oil box, their lower
ends reaching down near to the brush. Each screw has a small hole through its
centre up from its lower end to a position near the bottom of the oil cavity, and
from the upper end of the said hole a side passage communicates with the oil
cavity.
The screws can be screwed upward to open the whole side aperture to the oil and
allow a full flow of oil to descend to the brush, or they can be screwed down till the
side apertures are entirely closed in the bottom of the oil box, thus entirely stopping

page_text: the flow of oil, or the said side apertures can be partially closed more or less to any
degree to allow a greater or less flow of oil. Thus the exact quantity of oil necessary
for the purpose can be regulated to a nicety and no waste of oil be permitted.
The top of the oil box serves as a support to the carrying-off belt which passes
along immediately over it where the bricks are conveyed, so that the belt is
thereby relieved of much strain, and no sagging thereof takes place from the
weight of the bricks. The bricks are placed upon the belt edge down so that they
are delivered by the belt in the most convenient position to take hold of by the
attendants for hacking.
The followers are of improved construction in several particulars. Each follower
has its friction roller set obliquely to the follower sufficiently to compensate for the
oblique position of the mould, so that its faces shall be properly tangent to the
circles in which the follower moves by the revolution of the mould wheel, and the
bearings of its journals are set in correspondingly oblique positions in the follower
to bring the roller to the position required. These bearings slide in ways in the
sides of the follower toward and from the face thereof, and their distance from tho
face of the follower is adjusted to vary the thickness of the bricks and to causo
the bricks made in all the moulds in the mould wheel to be uniform in thickness by
means of adjusting screws screwed into the follower opposite to the inner ends of
the bearings for the said bearings to abut against, so that by setting the said screws
farther out or in the position of the face of the follower in relation to the bearings
and their friction roller is determined, and since this roller moves in contact with
the cam track, which has a fixed relation to the mould wheel, thereby the depth to
which the follower sinks in the mould to limit the thickness of the bricks moulded
therein is determined. These set screws might be screwed into the inner ends of
the bearings, the heads thereof projecting toward and bearing against the follower
with the same result as above specified.
The journals of the last-mentioned friction rollers are lubricated by means of oil
cavities in their bearings to hold cotton waste and oil. A small orifice opens from
each oil cavity to the roller journal within. The oil cavities are closed by corks or
stoppers so that no escape of oil takes place except to the journals, and there only
as fast as needed. Each of these oil cavities may contain oil enough to last a
month, and no waste of oil result from the large supply. Thus great convenience
and economy are effected from this construction.
The principles and construction of this machine besides the purpose of making
bricks are also equally applicable to moulding peat and coal dust for fuel, and like-
wise in proper form and size of moulds to moulding linseed cakes, soap, sugar, and
other substances of plastic consistency requiring to be moulded into forms for use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Henry Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
August 1876.
CHARLES HENRY GREEN, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING BRICKS AND FOR
MOULDING OTHER MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Emery Ross
Gard, of New York aforesaid.
Figure 1 is a top view of the brick machine; Figure 2, a transverse vertical
section of the same in a plane indicated by the line x, x, Figure 1; Figure 3, a
transverse vertical section thereof in a plane indicated by the line y, y, Figure 1;
Figure 4, a partial longitudinal vertical section of the same in a plane indicated by
the line z, z, Figures 1 and 3.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, sections of parts in detail, as indicated by the
letters of reference marked thereon.
Like letters indicato corresponding norts in all of the Fricums

page_text: In this improved brick machine the pug mill A and pug mill shaft B are situated
horizontally, and the mould wheel C is upon a horizontal shaft D situated above
the pug mill shaft, so that the moulds, , arranged in a concentric circle in the
mould wheel pass properly across the bottom or delivery end of the pug mill in
the lower part of their revolving circuit, and the bricks as fast as they are moulded
in the said moulds are delivered in the upper part of the mould circuit upon a
horizontally travelling belt E, which carries them from the machine for hacking.
The power is communicated to the machine by means of a horizontal shaft F
placed at the side of the pug mill and parallel with its shaft B, to which it
transmits motion through the cog wheels b and c respectively on the two shafts,
and a cog wheel d on the driving shaft F gears immediately into cog gearing con
the periphery of the mould wheel C, so that the pug mill shaft, workers, and screw
turn in the same direction as the mould wheel, and the cog gearing which transmits
the motions to them is relatively proportioned so as to impart the desired velocity
to the said parts.
The brick delivering belt E is driven by means of an internal gear fon an inner
periphery of the mould wheel, the mould wheel being formed with a central cavity
as shown in Figure 4, so that this movement for driving the belt is rendered
practicable. The said interior gear takes into the cogs of a pinion g on the
shaft of the inner carrying pulley of the delivering belt. This pulley shaft is
mounted in a bearing j attached to or formed with the pug mill bottom G, and
projecting upward into the proper position for the purpose. The outer carrying
pulley of the delivery belt is mounted in bearings 1, 1, which have screw-threaded
shanks to pass through a post or upright H set firmly in the ground at the desired
distance from the machine or attached to an extension of the frame of the machine.
Nuts on the ends of the screw shanks of the bearings serve to tighten the belt by
drawing the bearings farther through the post. The whole device is simple,
convenient, and effectual.
The Invention consists in the peculiar features of the general construction of the
machine as above set forth, and in the special features which are hercin-after
specified. The clay forcing screw I on the pug mill shaft B works in immediate
vicinity to the inner face of the mould wheel C without any intervening plate or
partition as is usual. By this construction no unnecessary obstruction to the
inovement of the clay is interposed, nor useless friction, and no imperfection nor
inconvenience in the working of the machine are incurred. To secure the
necessary strength of all the parts with this relative arrangement of the pug mill
screw and the mould wheel, the face of the mould wheel being made annular with
a central cavity therein as above described, this annular part is made as narrow as
practicable; each side of the outer and inner corners of the moulds a, a, are set
obliquely to the tangents of the mould wheel, one end of each mould being at
right angles to the radii of the wheel at those respective points, while the other
ends of the moulds are considerably oblique to the radii of the mould wheel at
those points. An annular or arc-shaped opening is formed in the pug mill bottom G
to receive the annular part of the mould wheel, allowing thereby the inner surfaces
of the mould wheel and of the pug mill bottom to be flush with each other. The
pug mill screw I sweeps across this annular part of the mould wheel and fills the
moulds in the most efficient manner.
In order to hold the pug mill screw I close and firm to the pug mill bottom and
to the face of the mould wheel, and to adjust it if necessary, there is located in the
outer bearing m of the pug mill shaft B a block n (Figure 10, which is a section
taken at the line 1, Figure 1,) of chilled iron or other very hard material to bear
against the end of the shaft, and outside of this block is located a nut, in which an
adjusting screw o turns and bears against the block for adjusting its position and
that of the pug mill shaft and screw. The block n has an oil cavity, as shown, to
be provided with a small outlet opening leading to the centre of the end of the
pug inill shaft. The oil cavity is to be kept supplied with oil and cotton waste,
or its equivalent, to prevent the too rapid escape of the- oil. The block n and

page_text: screw o and its nut are embedded in cavities in the bearing m, and they can be
removed at will on taking off the cap of the bearing. A precisely similar device
for holding, adjusting, and oiling the mould wheel shaft D in the frame is employed.
The inner end of the mould wheel shaft has its bearing in an extension of the pug
mill bottom, and the inner bearing of the pug mill shaft is in the outer end of the
pug mill. There is or may be also a bearing support for the pug mill shaft just
outside or back of the forcing screw I supported by the sides of the pug mill
or tub.
The lower half of the pug mill is suitably supported by or forms part of the
frame of the machine, and its upper half is hinged to the lower half or made
removable therefrom.
The pug mill bottom G as far as it extends around the periphery of the mould
wheel, including an extension p¹, which contains the pressure plates or stone
blocks, is made to closely embrace or enclose a portion of the outer periphery of
the mould wheel, and to prevent the leakage of clay between the two; the
inventors form one or more annular projections q, shown most clearly in Figure 8,
which represents a partial section of the mould wheel and pug mill bottom at the
line 2, Figure 2, on the periphery of the mould wheel, and corresponding angular
shoulders or recesses on or in the inclosing surface of the pug mill bottom. A
similar construction is applied between the inner periphery of the mould wheel and
the part of the pug mill bottom which fits therein. The followers J, J, in the
moulds are forced backward therein by the pressure of the clay itself, driven inward
by the screw I on the pug mill shaft. The followers are driven forward to produce
the compression of the bricks in the 'moulds by means of a track or cam K secured
in the frame of the machine, concentric with and opposite to the pathway of the
followers, and extending through so much of the circuit of the followers in the
revolution of the mould wheel as is necessary to fulfil its functions, which include
also the regulation of the backward movement of the followers from the pressure
of the clay as well as the active function of forcing the followers inward to
compress the brick or hold them under pressure while they are carried along in
contact with the pressure plates or blocks.
This regulation of the movement of the followers while filling the moulds, and the
shape of the cam track K to effect it, are important and peculiar. When successively
cach follower in its circuit with the mould wheel first comes opposite to the interior
of the pug mill its inner surface is flush or nearly so with the inner surfaces of the
mould wheel and pug mill bottom. Then while it is traversing across the inner
space of the pug mill, and the screw I is acting to press the clay into the mould, the
follower is allowed by the gradual retreat or backward inclination of the cam track,
as shown at r, Figure 1, to move backward only gradually so as to cause the mould
to be continually filling during the whole or nearly the whole traverse across the
pug mill; therefore no air enters the mould, but the clay enters and fills it as fast
as the follower retreats. Hence no air ever interferes to spoil the bricks, and the
clay is always thoroughly compacted in the moulds and without any sudden exertion
of power or strain on the machine.
The horizontal position of the pug mill and of the mould wheel shaft facilitates
ready access to the cam track, and all the operative parts connected with the mould
wheel and followers, and to adjust any part necessary with convenience.
The upper part or continuation M of the cam.track, which is situated opposite to
the pressure plates or blocks, is made separate from the main track K below, and
this part is made adjustable toward and from the followers to determine the amount
of pressure to be given to the bricks. This adjustment is effected by casting
screws 8, s, in the same to reach backward through the sustaining parts of the frame,
and two nuts t, t, are employed for each screw, as shown in Figure 1, one for adjusting
the track piece, and the other for tightening and retaining it in position.
At the upper end of the adjustable part M of the cam track is a movable piece N
adjustable out or in, toward or from the said part to give the final pressure to the
bricks, greater or less, as desired.

page_text: The mould wheel is sustained against the pressure of the clay in the pug mill and
under the pressure plates or blocks in addition to the hardened block at the outer
end of its shaft by means of friction rollers O, P, one opposite to the pressure plates,
and the other opposite to the pug mill, the former being shown in Figures 1 and 6,
and the latter in its detail arrangement in Figure 7, the section Figure 6 taken at
a horizontal line even with the centre of the roller. Each of these friction rollers
has a somewhat bevelled or conical periphery to fit against a corresponding form of
the back surface of the mould wheel near its periphery, against which surface the
friction rollers bear. Each friction roller turns upon a fixed axle or pivot u which
lias square or flat sided ends that slide in slots or ways of its bearings, and against
these ends laterally are pressed blocks v, v, (or nuts when screws pivotted stationary
in the frame are employed) by adjusting screws to adjust the rollers to proper
angles for fitting the bevelled surface of the mould wheel, also a block or nut w
bears against the outer end of the pivot of the roller O and against the lower end
of the roller P, and each is adjusted by a set screw a¹, as shown, to adjust the roller
toward or from the shaft of the mould wheel and bring its periphery in contact
with the bevelled surface of the mould wheel. The pivot has a shoulder outside of
the roller, to cause the roller to move laterally with the longitudinal adjustment of
the pivot. Each pivot u has an oil cavity in its centre to be supplied through a
hole in the upper side thereof for the roller O, and having another hole d¹ (shown
in Figure 11, which is a section through the centre of the pivot and roller O) to
furnish oil to the eye of the roller to which it leads for lubricating the same.
For the vertical pivot of the roller P the oil cavity may open directly into its
upper end or journal, and be supplied through the upper bearing of the pivot. Each
cavity is to contain cotton waste and oil.
As soon as the moulds are filled with clay they pass from the pug mill at once
behind a plate or stone block Q, Figure 5, which represents a section taken in the
concentric curved line 4, 4, Figure 2, which serves to cut off the clay in the pug
mill from that in the moulds, and to produce a counter pressure against the followers
acting against the bricks by the force of the cam M. This plate or block is adjusted
to the face of the mould wheel by set screws in the extension p of the pug mill
bottom simply bearing against the back surface of the plate or block. It is sustained
in position by a wooden or iron pin el passed through the pug mill bottom. Just
above the upper end of this pressure plate or block is an outlet aperture f¹ through
the extension p to allow the escape of surplus clay that puffs out from the moulds
after the bricks therein have passed through the pressure as above specified.
Immediately above the clay outlet f¹ is located another pressure plate or stone
block R which cuts off all surplus clay from the bricks in the moulds and gives a
final counter pressure to the bricks, smoothing also their outer surface. It is adjusted
to the mould wheel by screws g', g¹, in the extension 2 bearing against the back
surface of the plate or block, which also is sustained in position by a wooden or
metallic pin inserted through the extension into the plate or block as represented.
After the bricks have been submitted to the final pressure and brought up into
the proper position, they are gradually pushed out of the moulds, so as finally to
drop therefrom when they are at or near the highest ascent of the mould circuit.
The followers J, J, are driven forward in the moulds for expelling the bricks
therefrom by means of a stationary cam S, Figure 1. This cam for convenience and
economy of construction is formed as a part of the bearing cap T of the mould
wheel shaft.
The arrangement of the moulds a, a, as before specified, so that the rear ends
thereof as the mould wheel revolves are in line with radii of the mould wheel, thus
causing the front ends of the moulds to extend nearer to the outer periphery of the
said mould wheel, enables the bricks to be deposited upon the horizontal carrying off
belt E just when the moulds are in a horizontal position, so that both ends of the
bricks descend alike upon the belt and through the smallest possible distance after
they drop from the moulds. Thus they come upon the belt perfect in form and
unmarred in surface.

page_text: For oiling the faces of the followers without oiling the face of the mould wheel
the followers are caused at proper times to be pushed out somewhat beyond the
inner surface of the mould wheel, when or immediately after they deliver the bricks
upon the carrying-off belt. To accomplish this there is a moveable piece U in the face
of the cam S adjustable toward and from the mould wheel by a set screw in the
cam, so that this piece can at any time be adjusted forward to throw the followers
beyond the face of the mould wheel when the oiling is required, and afterward be
adjusted back flush with the face of the cam when the followers are desired only to
be pushed out even with the face of the mould wheel. The piece U should be
adjusted forward only when the machine is in operation making full bricks; other-
wise, since the pressure of the clay is relied on to push the followers back into the
moulds, the followers would strike the edge of the pressure plate or block Q, and
produce damage. Therefore the machine is always first started and got to inaking
full bricks before the followers are thrown out for oiling, and the piece U is always
set back before stopping the machine, and the clay gets low in the pug mill, and
finally does not fill the moulds.
The follower oiling device consists of an oil box V secured to the pulley bearing j,
or to an extension of the pug mill bottom G, a little distance from the face of the
mould wheel, and provided with an oiling brush W or its equivalent at the bottom
to apply the oil to the followers as they pass by it. The oil box is filled with oil,
and has a peculiar device for gradually supplying the oil to the brush without
waste, as shown in Figure 9, which represents a cross section of the oil box at the
line 5, 5, Figure 2.
There are three, more or fewer, screws 1, 1, 1, inserted through the oil box,
their lower ends reaching down near to the brush. Each screw has a small hole
through its centre up from its lower end to a position near the bottom of the oil
cavity, and from the upper end of the said hole a side passage communicates with
the oil cavity, as shown.
The screws can be screwed upward to open the whole side aperture to the oil,
and allow a full flow of oil to descend to the brush, or they can be screwed down
till the side apertures are entirely closed in the bottom of the oil box, thus entirely
stopping the flow of oil, or the said side apertures can be partially closed more or
less to any degree to allow a greater or less flow of oil. Thus the exact quantity of
oil necessary for the purpose can be regulated to a nicety, and no waste of oil be
permitted.
The top of the oil box serves as a support to the carrying-off' belt E, which passes
along immediately over it, where the bricks are conveyed, so that the belt is thereby
relieved of much strain, and no sagging thereof takes place from the weight of the
bricks. The bricks are placed upon the belt edge down, so that they are delivered
by the belt in the most convenient position to take hold of by the attendants for
hacking.
The followers J, J, are of improved construction in several particulars. Each
follower has its friction roller X set obliquely to the follower sufficiently to com-
pensate for the oblique position of the mould, so that its faces shall be properly
tangent to the circles in which the follower moves by the revolution of the mould
wheel, and the bearings Y, Y, of its journals are set in correspondingly oblique
positions in the follower, as shown in Figure 3, to bring the roller to the position
required. These bearings slide in ways in the sides of the follower toward and from
the face thereof, and their distance from the face of the follower is adjusted to vary
the thickness of the bricks, and to cause the bricks made in all the moulds in the
mould wheel to be uniform in thickness by means of adjusting screws 1, 1, screwed
into the follower opposite to the inner ends of the bearings for the said bearings to
abut against, so that by setting the said screws farther out or in the position of the
face of the follower in relation to the bearings and their friction roller is determined,
and since this roller moves in contact with the cam track, which has a fixed relation
to the mould wheel, thereby the depth to which the follower sinks in the mould to
limit the thickness of the bricks moulded therein is determined. These set screws

page_text: might be screwed into the inner onds of the bearings, the heads thereof projecting
toward and bearing against the follower with the same result as above specified.
The journals of the friction roller X are lubricated by means of oil cavities m¹, m¹,
Figure 12, which represents a central section through the friction roller and its
journals and bearings in the bearings Y, Y, to hold cotton waste and oil. A small
orifice opens from each oil cavity to the roller journal within. The oil cavities are
closed by corks or stoppers n¹, n¹, so that no escape of oil takes place, except to the
journals, and there only as fast as needed. Each of these oil cavities may contain
oil enough to last a month, and no waste of oil result from the large supply. Thus
great convenience and economy are effected from this construction.
The principles and construction of this machine, besides the purpose of making
bricks, are also equally applicable to moulding peat and coal dust for fuel, and
likewise in proper size and form of moulds to moulding linseed cakes, soap, sugar,
and other substances of plastic consistency requiring to be moulded into forms
for use.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode in
which the same is carried into effect, I would have it understood that what I
claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,
First. The combination of the horizontal pug mill A and pug mill shaft B, the
mould wheel C on a horizontal shaft, and the delivery belt E, all arranged substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Second. The combination of the driving shaft F with the pug mill shaft B and
mould wheel C, substantially as herein specified.
Third. The interior gear on the mould wheel C in combination with the
pinion o̟, shaft h, and driving pulley i of the delivering belt, substantially as herein
specified.
Fourth. The outer carrying pulley of the delivering belt provided with screw
shank bearings 1, 1, tightened by adjusting nuts in combination with the sustaining
post H, substantially as herein specified.
Fifth. The combination of the clay forcing screw I on the pug mill shaft B with
the mould wheel C when the said screw is arranged to turn in immediate vicinity
to the face of the mould wheel, substantially as and for the purpose herein
specified.
Sixth. The combination of a block n provided with an oil cavity and adjusting
screw o, with the shafts B and D of the pug mill and mould wheel arranged in the
bearing, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Seventh. The can track K constructed with a gradually retreating surface 7 in
combination with the followers J, J, pug mill A, and screw I, arranged so as to
cause the followers to come flush or nearly so with the surface of the mould wheel
when they are first brought opposite to the pug mill, and then to gradually recede
into the moulds only as fast as the clay fills the moulds, substantially as and for the
purpose herein specified.
Eighth. The movable brick pressing cam M having adjusting screws 8, 8, cast
therewith, and provided with double nuts t, t, supporting and adjusting the cam,
substantially as herein specified.
Ninth. The adjustable pressure piece N attached to the upper end of the cam M,
substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Tenth. The friction rollers O, P, provided with non-revolving pivots u, u,
adjustable laterally and endwise, substantially as and for the purpose herein
specified.
Eleventh. The combination of the pressure block Qand surplus clay cut-off and
final pressure block R arranged with an intermediate surplus clay outlet f¹, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Twelfth. The cam S for expelling the bricks from the moulds constructed to form
a part or projection of the bearing cap T of the mould wheel shaft, substantially as
herein specified.
Thirteenth. The moulds a, a, arranged obliquely to the radii of the vertical mould

page_text: wheel C, substantially as described, in combination with the horizontal delivering
belt E for the purpose herein specified.
Fourteenth. The movable piece U on the cam S for throwing out the followers
J, J, to be oiled, substantially as herein specified.
Fifteenth. The oil box V and oiling brush W at the bottom thereof in combina-
tion with the followers J, J, for the purpose herein specified.
Sixteenth. The series of perforated oil delivering screws,,, in the oil box V,
constructed and operating substantially as herein specified.
Seventeenth. The belt support V, either acting also as an oil box or not, in com-
bination with the delivering belt E, substantially as and for the purpose herein
specified.
Eighteenth. The sliding roller bearings Y, Y, and adjusting screws 7, 1, arranged
as described in combination with the follower J, substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
CIT
° TT ADTON
CHA. H. GREEN. (L.S.)