Improvements in and connected with Hydraulic Apparatus for Forging Metals, more especially intended for use in Forging Crossing Grooves in Railway or Tramway Rails.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan.,. 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Hydraulic Apparatus for
Forging Metals, more especially intended for use in Forging
Crossing Grooves in Railway or Tramway Rails.
"
1
...
We ALFRED HUGH Tyler and JOHN STUART ELLIS DE VESIAN both of
the Firm of Tyler & Ellis of Crown Court Cheapside in the City of London
Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:
This invention has for its object to provide hydraulic forging apparatus as herein-
after described more especially intended for use for forging crossing grooves in
railway or tramway rails, the arrangement being such that pressure can be applied
to the forging press in two stages, the first stage.being effected by water at n lower
pressure, than that used for giving the final pressure to the forging; but our inven-
tion is not limited to forging such grooves as it may be employed for the hydraulic
forging of metals generally.
In describing our invention we will. refer to the accompanying drawings, which
shew the best means with which we are acquainted for carrying our invention into
effect, but we do not limit ourselves to the precise details shown as it will be
evident that they may be varied without departing from the nature of our
invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the general
arrangenient.
Figure 1ª shews the valves and passages in the valve box D drawn to a larger
scale and
Figure 1 shews the valves in the valve box E (or E³) also drawn to a largor
scale.
The accumulator A has two spaces a and a' of different cross sectional area,
into which the water is pumped through valves so arranged that after the lond
has been raised to the requisite height by the pumping of water through the
pipes and hand valve d into the space a of smaller sectional area, the water is
out off from communication with that space, and communication is opened so that
the water is pumped into the space a' of greater sectional area, and when the load
has been, by this, further raised, this communication is also closed and the water
can be then pumped back to the receptacle C, from which it was drawn, by the
pamp B, by reason of the return passage to this receptacle being opened when both
the other communications are closed. The pump can thus be kept constantly at
work to supply water to the accumulator as pressure water is consumed therefrom.
The valves may be operated by hand or the load box of the accumulator itself as
it rises may as shewn in the drawing automatically act upon weighted lavora to
allow the communications for the water to open as described.
For this purpose there are three valves did in the valve box D, the valve d, being
a simple check valve. The other valves d' also act as check valves, but are
pressed to their seats by the levers and weights ff. These weights keep
tlid valves closed, but when the load box reaches the proper elevation, it acts
on a stop on the trip rod and so lifts the lever and weight so that the said
valve opens, and the water is pumped.through the pipe i, into the low pressure
space a the high pressure water being prevented, from passing into the said space
by the closing of the check valve d. When the load box has been still further
raised the trip rod is acted upon so as to raise the laver and weight, when
FihalvalÄ™ 7] the water in numned heal be the

page_text: pipes and to the tank C. When the load box of the accumulator falls, the
weighted levers again bear on the valves, and the operations described aro
repeated.
•
The cylinders Q of the press have pipes I and m, for communicating (through
the valves hereinafter described and pipes n,) from one side of the plungers 9, with
the space a a' of the accumulator containing water at the different pressures due
to the difference of the cross sectional area of the said spaces, and there may be
pipes p, also leading from the reverse sides of the said plungers 9, to the low
pressure water space a of the accumulator to apply pressure sufficient to move back
the plungers g, after the dies carried by them have acted upon the forging in the
press. The supply of the high and low pressure water, to put the pressure on the
plungors q, for bringing the dies into action may he admitted as required by means
of one handle by an arrangement of valves in the boxes E E³. As the arrange-
ment is the same in connection with both valve boxes, we will describe one, the
description applying also to the other. The arrangement consists of a back
pressure valve r, (see the letters on the larger Figure 1) to beneath which the
TOIT
pressure water enters by the pipe 4, the space above this valve communicating
by a bye pass, with the space beneath another or second valves and by another
bye pass with the space above a third valvet, thence passing when the last
named valve is opened by another bye pass t to the space above a fourth valve u
and by the pipo n, to the cylinder Q. of the press. The valve handle V, is so
connected to bell crank lovers, or other appliances, that when the handle is
operated, the valves can be opened in such wise as to allow either low or high
pressure water to pass to the cylinder of the press, or to allow water to escape
therefrom, or to allow all the valves to close as desired. The arrangement shown
in the drawing is a convenient means for effecting this. The handle V is centered
at v, and has fixed to its axis a bell crank lever which is connected by the rod
with the other bell crank levers ' and ', the said levers being arranged as clearly
shown in the drawing, so as to operate as hereinafter described.
When the lever is first operated by being turned downward, the valve { is
operated (against the pressure of its spring) by the bell crank lever of acting on
its spindle, and the low pressure water passes by the pipe l, valves r and t, and
passages, and pipe n, to the cylinder Q of the press, and the plunger 9, is
thus moved up to its work. When this is done, by a further movement of the
handle in the same direction, the bell crank acts on the spindle of the valve &
which is thus also opened (against the pressure of its spring) so that the high
pressure water entors by the pipe m, past the said valves (and by its superior
pressure, it closes the retaining valver, and shuts off the low pressure water) the
Raid high pressure water then passing by the two valves s, t, which are now open,
and by the passages, and pipo n, and into the cylinder Q of the press to apply
the final or forging pressure. By operating the handle in the reverse direction the
valves s, t, close (by the action of their springs) and the valve u is opened by the
bell crank lever acting on the spindle of the said valve and the low pressure
water which communicates with the space on the opposite side of the plunger will
move the plunger (and its die) back the water by which the pressure was applied
passing from the cylinder, through the pipe n, valve u and pipe w, back through
the pipe, to the reservoir C from which the pump B, of the accumulator A draws
its supply.
When the handle V, is in the position shown in the drawings all the valves are
closed. An arrangement as described is as shown applied to each of the cylinders
where (as in the case illustrated) more than one cylinder is used in the press so that
the dies operated by the plungers in the cylinders can be operated at different times
or there may be one such arrangement of valves for two or more cylinders in cases
'where the dies are to act both or all at the same time.
When the press is used for the forging of crossing grooves in railway or tramway
rails the forging is preferably effected by means of dies so made and operating that
the metal which is displaced by the formation of the groove is so disposed that the

page_text: rail is practically of the same strength throughout the parts which would otherwise
be weakened by the formation of the groove being reinforced by the displaced
metal. With this object the dies are made with hollows or recesses in such places
as correspond with those parts of the rail which are to be reinforced by the metal
displaced by the projections of the dies which form the grooves. We preferably
provide three dies as shown in Figures 3 4 and 5, one X for acting on the top of the
rail and two (YZ) for supporting the rail and for acting upon it at its sides, the
dics Y Z each containing the recesses (as at y) for the displaced metal and having
each a projection (y) on it for forming respectively by sideway action on the
rail those parts (at in Figure 8 which is a plan of the crossing rail) of the
opposite ends of the groove. which open at the sides of the rail one of the said dios
being stationary, and the other moveable by the hydraulic press. The die X which
nots on the top of the rail has a projection on it which is shaped so that it forms
the main part of the groove in the rail viz. that part which lies between the
portions formed by the projections y³ 2.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are cross sections of the rail respectively taken on the
lines 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 of Figure 6.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In hydraulic apparatus for forging metals the combination of differential
spaces, a forcing or pumping device and valves arranged so that liquid is forced or
pumped successively into the differential spaces and back to the source of supply
substantially as herein before described.
2. In hydraulic apparatus for forging metals the combination of differential
spaces, a forcing or pumping device and valves arranged as hereinbefore described
and shewn in Figure 14 and operated by the movement of the accumulator so that
whilst the pump remains in operation liquid is forced or pumped successively into
the differential spaces and back to the source of supply substantially as herein
before described.
3. In hydraulic apparatus for forging metals the combination with a hydraulic
forging press a system of valves and passages for admitting low and high pressure
liquid to the press and for allowing of the return of the forging die or dies
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In hydraulic apparatus for forging metals the arrangement of valves and
passages and means for operating the said valves substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In hydraulio apparatus for forging crossing grooves in railway or tramway
rails the arrangement of dies constructed or formed and operating substantially as
herein before described and shewn in Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
6. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the hydraulic
apparatus for forging metals substantially as herein before described and shewn
in Figures 1 and of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 27th day of January 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.