INPRAYED ADDADATES ADDIICABLE TO STEAM CULTIVATION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Howard, Agricultural Engineer, and Edward
Tenney Bousfield, Engineer, both of Bedford, for the Invention of
"INPRAYED ADDADATES ADDIICABLE TO STEAM CULTIVATION.
"INPRAYED ADRADATIS ADDITCARZE TO STEAM CULTIVATION.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Howard and
Edward Tenney Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 1st January 1862.
We, JAMES HOWARD, Agricultural Engineer, and EDWARD TENNEY BOUSFIELD,
Engineer, both of Bedford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM CULTIVATION," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in regulating
the paying out or running off of the slack rope from the barrels of windlasses
used in steam cultivation.
Windlasses as at present constructed with two winding barrels, on to which
the traction ropes are alternately coiled, and from which they are also alternately
uncoiled require the application of a brake to that barrel which for the time is
paying out rope, in order to check its motion and prevent the rope from dragging
on the ground between the rope porters or carriers; but this arrangement of
the brake entails a loss of the motive power.
In order to regulate the paying out of the slack rope and prevent it from
dragging on the ground between the porters, without being dependent on the
retarding influence of a brake, we propose to apply the lateral pressure of the
drag or tension rope to keep the slack rope from uncoiling too rapidly from its
barrel. This we effect by the addition of a guide or friction roller to the
ordinary double snatch block, which block is placed in front of the windlass,
and from the pullies of which the ropes are carried in' any required direction.

page_text: The diameter of the guide roller is somewhat larger than the space between
the pullies of the snatch block is broad, its object being to divert the ropes out
of a straight line. It is mounted on a rocking centre placed between the
pullies in such a manner that the draught strain of the hauling rope will press
the guide roller up to the pulley, over which the paying out or slack rope is
passing, and thus the slack will be nipped tightly between them. The effect
of this operation is to ensure the slack rope being drawn off the one drum at
the same speed as the draught rope is coiled on the other.
Another method of obtaining this result is to cause the two ropes to pass
one on either side of a double grooved pulley, the rope being kept close to the
bottom of the groove (to prevent slips) by friction pullies acted upon by
springs or weights.
Other methods of applying this principle of regulating the paying out of the
slack rope without having recourse to the ordinary brake may be employed,
such as passing the rope round or through rollers, or applying suitable friction
rollers to the coils of rope on the winding barrels.
The second part of the Invention relates to the construction of double-action
ploughs or cultivators to be operated by steam power. The two sets of plough
bodies or cultivator tines (for working alternately as the implement moves from
headland to headland in either direction) are mounted on two distinct sets of
beams placed end to end in a carrying frame, and in order to reduce the length
of the implement the sets of beams are each fixed upon a separate fulcrum,
which are so arranged with respect to each other as to admit of the two sets of
beams working across and between each other at their inner ends. The
carrying frame to which the beams are attached is supported by three side
wheels, and is steered by moving or locking the two "land" wheels simul-
taneously, the "furrow" wheel, or that on the opposite side having no locking
motion; the novelty of such locking motion being, that whilst the leading
wheel is turned outward, the hinder wheel is turned inward.
The ploughs or cultivators may be raised alternately by means of ropes or
chains attached to or passing over or around rollers or excentric pullies fixed
to the upper part of the carriage frame and operating in such a manner that
the set of ploughs out of work does not by its weight raise the set at work; a
spring or springs may also be fixed to the upper part of the carriage frame to
which the two sets of plougbs are suspended or attached, such springs being
serviceable for raising the ploughs out of work.
The last part of this Invention relates to an improved construction of anchor
carriage. The pulley around which the draught. rope of the windlass passes
is mounted on a suitable frame supported by travelling wheels, and furnished

page_text: with a pole or drawing shafts. To assist in securing the anchor frame to the
ground tines or cutting blades are fixed to the extremities of the shafts.
Through the rear end of the frame passes a horizontal axle, which carries a
blade or blades or tines, and is fitted at one end with a hand lever. By the
depression of this lever the tines or blades are caused to penetrate the ground
the weight of the pulley and framing assisting this operation. The requisite
forward movement of the anchor carriage (to enable it to take up fresh ground
as the plough or cultivator is working away or going from it) is effected by
means of a winch on the carriage, and a rope leading therefrom, and attached
to a fixed point ahead. When the shafts are lifted and the winch is put in
action, the tines or blades at the rear end of the carriage are thereby raised
out of the ground, and the carriage is free to move forward on its travelling
wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Howard and Edward Tenney Bousfield in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 1st July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
HOWARD, Agricultural Engineer, and EDWARD TENNEY BOUSFIELD, Engineer,
both of Bedford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Howard and Edward Tenney Bousfield, Her special license that we,
the said James Howard and Edward Tenney Bousfield, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Howard and Edward
Tenney Bousfield, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM CULTIVATION," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Howard and Edward Tenney Bousfield, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause

page_text: the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Tenney Bousfield, on behalf
of myself and of the said James Howard, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improved means for regulating the paying-
out or running-off of the slack rope from the barrels of windlasses used in
steam cultivation. Windlasses as at present constructed with two winding
harrels, on to which the traction ropes are alternately coiled, and from which
they are also alternately uncoiled, require the application of a brake to that
barrel which for the time is paying out rope, in order to check its motion and
prevent the rope from dragging on the ground between the rope porters or
carriers; but this arrangement of the brake entails a loss of the motive
power.
In order to regulate the paying out of the slack rope, and prevent it from
dragging on the ground between the porters, without being dependent on the
retarding influence of a brake, we propose to apply the lateral pressure of the
drag or tension rope to keep the slack rope from uncoiling too rapidly from its
barrel.
The mode of carrying out this part of our Invention is shewn in the
accompanying Drawings at Fig. 1, which represents the improved snatch
block in plan view.
By an inspection of this Figure it will be seen that the addition of a guide
or friction roller is made to the ordinary double snatch block, which block
when in use is placed in front of the windlass, the ropes being carried from
the pullies of the snatch block in any required direction.
A is the guide or friction roller, grooved on its periphery, and furnished as
shewn best in the sectional view, Fig. 2, with shoulders a, a, which are
intended to bear against the edges of the pullies B, B'. This grooved friction
pulley is made somewhat to exceed in diameter the breadth of the space
between the pullies B and B' of the snatch block, in order that it may divert
the ropes out of a straight line. It is mounted on a stud carried by a rock
lever C, which has its fulcrum on the snatch block frame. This rock lever is
placed between the pullies B, B', in such a manner that the draught strain of
the hauling rope will press the roller A into contact with the pulley around
which the paying-out or slack rope is passing. As the draught rope passes to

page_text: the windlass in the direction of the red arrow it will drive round the pulley A,
which by bearing against the inclined edges of the pulley B', will set that
pulley in motion, but by reason of the friction surfaces of the pulley B', having
a greater radius than the seat of its groove, the pulley A by rotating it by
friction of contact, will have a tendency to drive it at a surface speed slightly.
inferior to that of the draught rope. The result of this action is to prevent
the slack rope running off its barrel at a greater speed than the draught rope.
D, D, are small guide rollers mounted on the rock lever C, and held up to
their work by means of elastic tail pieces E attached to the rear end of the
horns in which the rollers are mounted. These rollers serve to keep the rope
in close contact with the pullies B, B¹.
The second part of the Invention relates to the construction of double-action
ploughs or cultivators to be operated by steam power.
Fig. 3 is a plan view, and Fig. 4 an elevation, of so much of the implement
as will serve to explain the improvements, which consist in a novel arrange-
ment for suspending the ploughs out of work, and in a simpler and better
arrangement than has heretofore been adopted for steering the implement.
The two sets of plough bodies or cultivator tines (for working alternately as
the implement moves from headland to headland in either direction) are
carried by two distinct sets of beams A, A, and A', A¹, mounted in a carrying
frame B. These sets of beams, instead of rocking on a common centre, are
mounted on separate axles or fulcrum rods, one axle for each set, and the sets.
of beams are so arranged as to overlap each other at their inner ends. This
overlapping is effected by placing the separate fulcrum rods or cross axles of
the plough beams one on either side of the centre of the implement. The
beams are severally so arranged with respect to each other as to admit of the
two sets of beams working freely between each other at their inner ends, and
by this means the length of the implement is reduced. The carrying frame B,
in which the beams are mounted, is supported by three side wheels, viz., the
furrow wheel C and the land wheels D and D¹. The implement is steered by
moving or locking the two "land" wheels simultaneously, the "furrow" wheel
or that on the opposite side having no locking motion. The furrow wheel is
mounted on a stud axle projecting from the centre of one of the side frames,
and the other wheels are mounted upon wheel stalks E, E, having their
bearings in the opposite side frame. To the upper ends of these wheel stalks
levers F, F, are keyed, and jointed to the inner extremities of these levers are
rods G, which stretch across the implement, and are coupled to a double-
handled steering lever E, when, therefore, it is desired to steer the implement
it is only necessary to turn the lever I on its fulcrum I in the proper

page_text: direction, and the land wheels will simultaneously move either into the position
indicated by the blue lines, or that indicated by the red lines, according to the
course it is desired to direct the implement.
The attachment of the ploughs or cultivators to the beams we have not
thought it necessary to shew, as that may be effected in any well known and
approved manner. To raise them from the ground we employ pairs of chains,
which are attached to the outer beams, and carried over pairs of excentrics or
cam pullies K, K, to which they are respectively secured. These cams are
mounted on short axles having their bearings in standards bolted to transverse
bars, which serve also to connect the two side frames together. These short
axles are set midway between the fulcrum rods or axles of the two sets of
plough beams, and their cam pulleys are so arranged and operate in such a
manner that the set of suspended ploughs or those out of work will not by
their weight raise the set that are depressed and in action from their work.
The balancing tendency of the sets of ploughs is removed when the imple-
at work by arranging the excentric pullies as shewn at Fig. 4, the
largest radius of the cam pullies of the working set being opposed to the
smallest radius of the cam pullies of the suspended set.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improved Apparatus
applicable to Steam Cultivation," and explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent we claim,―
First, the application to snatch blocks of automatic apparatus for regulating
the delivery of the slack rope through the agency of the draft rope, as above
described.
And, secondly, the mode of suspending the beams, and of steering double-
action ploughs or cultivators, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Tenney Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the First day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
EDWARD TENNEY BOUSFIELD. (L.B.)
66, Chancery Lane.