IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Rodgers Samuels and Robert Sands,
both of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace
Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 30th April 1853, and dated the 21st February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Rodgers
Samuels and Robert Sands at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st February 1853.
WE, SAMUEL RODGERS SAMUELS and ROBERT SANDS, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain new mechanical arrangements and
combinations of parts whereby the work is made at right angles to the
length of the frame, and several widths of work may thus be woven in
one loom at one and the same time, instead of being made in the
direction of the length thercof, and only one width in cach loom, as
is the case in looms as hitherto constructed; and further, by this In-
vention it is proposed in some cases to dispense with the use of shuttles,
and to employ in lieu thereof a traversing carriage containing bobbins,

page_text: upon which the weft is wound. It should be observed, that loonis
constructed according to this Invention are not only applicable to the
manufacture of every description of woven fabric, but are alike appli-
cable to the manufacture of cut-pile fabrics, such as velvets. This
Invention will, however, be better understood by referring to the illus-
trative sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures
and letters of reference marked thereon, similar letters of reference
being employed to denote corresponding parts at each of the Figures of
each sheet of drawings respectively
constructed according to this Invention are not only applicable to the
manufacture of every description of woven fabric, but are alike appli-
cable to the manufacture of cut-pile fabrics, such as velvets. This
Invention will, however, be better understood by referring to the illus-
trative sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures
and letters of reference marked 'thereon, similar letters of reference
being employed to denote corresponding parts at each of the Figures of
each sheet of drawings respectively
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Sheet 1, exhibits a front elevation of one half of a loom constructed
according to this Invention. Sheet 2, is a transverse and vertical section
of the loom, as it would appear if divided through the line A, B, at
Sheet 1. Sheet 3, portions of the machine drawn to an enlarged scale.
At Sheet 4, Fig. 1, exhibits a transverse section of a portion of a loom
constructed according to this Invention, showing the arrangement, dis-
position, and adaptation to the loom of the mechanism employed in the
manufacture of cut-pile fabrics. Fig. 2, is a diagram illustrative of the
mode of arranging the warp and weft threads according to this part of
this invention. Figs. 3, and 4, exhibit detached portions drawn to an
enlarged scale; A, A, marks the framing of the machine; B, the main
driving shaft; C, auxiliary shaft extending the whole length of the frame;
C, C, cams fixed upon each end of said shaft; x, a spur-wheel keyed
upon the shaft C, for imparting motion thereto, as also to the spur-
wheel Y, and cam s, and wheel and cam D, d, through the agency of
the pinion z, keyed upon the shaft B; E, E, mark carriage slide-bars,
supported at each end by the pieces E¹, and the adjusting screws 1, 1;
the bars E, E, are mounted on pivots H, as shown at Sheet 1, which
admit of their rising and falling; F, F, mark carriage-slides; G, car-
riage upon which are placed the bobbins g, containing weft; H, H,
pusher-bars; h, h, pushers; I, I, short levers attached to each end of the
bars H; K, K, pusher-bars mounted in guides fixed to or formed upon
the framing A, A; L, L, combs carrying the bars L, L, through
which the warp is passed, said combs being in connexion with a Jac-

page_text: quard apparatus of the ordinary construction (if the loom is intended
to be used for figure-weaving), which is placed at one end of the loom,
the other end of the loom having springs t, attached thereto for the
purpose of keeping the bars L', L, straight; M, M, sley-comb, car-
rying bars to press the work up. It should be observed that for plain
weaving the Jacquard apparatus may be dispensed with, and the
shedding of the warps be effected by the use and application of any
of the means in known and common use for that purpose. N, N,
guide-bars for keeping the work straight; 0, 0, bars for turning the
work one quarter round to admit of the finished work being wound
upon the rollers P, P; Q, Q, rollers carrying the warps.
Having now distinguished separately the principal parts of this
machine, I will next proceed to describe the movements of such parts
collectively, which are as follows:-
The warp-threads (denoted by blue and yellow colour) are passed
through and between the bars L, L, the sley-bars M, M, and from
thence to the work-rollers P, P, and said warp-threads are divided
or kept distinct and separate one from the other by the bars L, L,
the carriage upon which the bobbins are placed being pushed from
side to side of the loom by the rotation of the cams c, c², thereby
carrying the weft from back to front of the loom; the weft is then
taken up and pressed by the sley M, which is put in motion and
raised by the rotation of the cam d¹, which also allows the sley after-
wards to fall down; and in this manner the several movements are
effected and successively repeated during the working of the loom.
.
It should be observed, that the accompanying drawings exhibit a
loom constructed and arranged to make one breadth of work to the inch;
and such breadths being two inches wide, the loom thereby produces
work equal to twice its own width.
The Inventors wish it to be understood that they do not intend to
limit or confine themselves to any particular number of breadths to
one inch, but make a greater or less number, as found most con-
venient, and would remark that, by substituting a wider sley-bar than
that shown by the drawing, this machine will make any width of work
up to two inches without any other alteration than that of the sley-bar

page_text: above mentioned; but if it is required to make wider work than two
inches, then the carriage slide-bars K, K', and pusher-bars H, H, must
be set farther apart and a larger carriage used than that shown by
the drawing. And further, the Inventors do not intend to limit or
confine themselves to the use of bobbins and carriages, but, where
convenient and desirable, make use of a shuttle of the ordinary con-
struction. And as regards that part of this Invention which has
reference to the manufacture of cut-pile fabrics, the same may be
effected in the following manner, and by the following means :-
At Figure 1 of Sheet 4, A¹, marks a cam-shaft situate in front of
the loom; C, D, cams fixed thereon, as also the cam c¹, shown at
Sheets 1, and 2; B, back-shaft upon which are keyed the cams C, and D,
of precisely similar form to those upon the shaft A; these cams are put
in motion by the spur-wheels I, I, J, which are of equal diameters.
F, F, mark shafts supported at each end of frame; G, mark levers
fixed upon said shaft; G³, G2, pile-wire cutters (a portion whereof is
exhibited in elevation at Fig. 2, and in top plan at Fig. 3); these
wires are attached to the lower end of the levers G, by a pin at a,
which is the fulcrum thereof. H¹, H', mark rods, the upper ends
whereof are connected to the pile-wire cutter by a pin at 6; and
the lower ends have anti-friction rollers attached thereto, against which
the cams D, press. K, K, mark brackets, securely fixed to the
framing; L, L, rods connected by a pin at c, which is the fulcrum
thereof. The lower ends of the rods L, L, are connected to the spur
wheels I, I, by pins, and the upper ends of said rods are connected
to one end of the rods M, M, the other ends of said rods being con-
nected to the levers G, as shown.
The modus operandi of this arrangement is as follows:-The wires
G¹, G³, are lowered by the cams D, D, and pushed between the warp-
thread 2, and pile-thread 2, by the action of the cams C, C, upon the
rods and levers G, L, M, and said pile-wires are raised up to the
position of G¹, by the cams C, and D, where it remains until the
threads 2, 2, change places, or take the position occupied by the threads
1, 1; after which, G³, is placed in like manner under G₁; and this pile-
wire, being drawn outwards by the cam and rods C, G, L, M, the knife

page_text: d, shown at Fig. 3, will cut the pile; and in like manner the knife and
pile-cutter G³, is acted upon; and in this manner and by these means
the loom herein-before described and represented may be adapted to
the manufacture of cut-pile fabrics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels and Robert Sands, in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 20th August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
SAMUEL RODGERS SAMUELS and ROBERT SANDS, both of the Town
and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels and Robert
Sands, Her special licence that we, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels
and Robert Sands, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels and Robert Sands, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels and Robert Sands, or one of us, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals or under the hand
and scal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels and
Robert Sands, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof;
that is to say:
The first part of our Invention consists in certain new mechanical
arrangements and combinations of parts constituting an improved loom,
in which we propose to make the work crosswise of the loom instead of
lengthwise or across the face thereof, as hitherto practised; and further,
we propose to dispense with the ordinary shuttle, and to employ in lieu
thereof a new form of construction of shuttle, composed of a carriage
containing a bobbin upon which the weft is to be wound. And we would
remark that this mode of weaving forms an important improvement in
looms, inasmuch as that a loom thus constructed occupies considerably
less space than the looms as hitherto constructed, and a greater number
of widths of work can be made in the same space; and further, the
mechanical arrangements employed are more simple and effective
than those of other looms. And looms thus constructed are alike
applicable to the manufacture of pile fabrics, such as velvets, in which
the pile is cut, and for the manufacture of other pile fabrics in which
the pile is not required to be cut. In order to explain our said Inven-
tion we now proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with
for carrying the same into practical effect, reference being had to the
illustrative sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral
figures and letters of reference marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1, exhibits a front elevation of a loom constructed according to
our said Invention. At Sheet 2, Figure 1, exhibits a transverse and
vertical section of the loom, taken through the line A, B, at Sheet 2.
Figure 2, is an end elevation of the loom at A, Sheet 1, and of that end
of the loom to which a Jacquard apparatus is to be attached. Sheet 3,
exhibits detached portions herein-after referred to, drawn to an enlarged
scale. At Sheet 4, Figure 1, exhibits a transverse and vertical section of
a portion of a loom constructed according to our said Invention, showing
the arrangement, disposition, and adaptation of the mechanical arrange-

page_text: ments which we propose to employ in the manufacture of pile fabrics.
Figures 2, 3, and 4, exhibit a diagram and detached portions hereafter
referred to.
At each of the Figures of these sheets of drawings we employ similar
letters of reference to denote corresponding parts in so far as such parts
appear or can be seen at each of the Figures respectively. At Sheets
1, and 2, A, A, marks the front and back framings of the loom, which are
connected to the end framings B, B, by bolts and nuts C, the main driving-
shaft working in suitable bearings attached to the framings A, and B.
D, and E, are auxiliary shafts, also working in suitable bearings. The
shaft C, has fast and loose pulleys c, d, upon one end thereof; and upon
the opposite end of said shaft a spur-wheel F, is securely fixed, and
takes into another spur-wheel G, fixed upon one end of the auxiliary
shaft D, and upon the other and opposite end of this last-mentioned
shaft a cam H, is securely fixed for imparting motion to certain me-
chanism herein-after fully described, and employed for effecting the
several operations of taking the "pick," or carrying the shuttles and
weft across the warp, beating or pressing up the work, and winding it
on to the work-rollers. I, marks another spur-wheel fixed upon one end
of the auxiliary shaft E. The wheel I, takes or gears into the wheel G,
and is driven thereby through the agency of a strap or band in con-
nexion with any suitable prime-mover. K, marks a cam fixed upon the
shaft E, for effecting the "beating or pressing up" movement. L, mark
combs or guide-pieces attached to the cross-pieces 7; and M, are bars
supported by and working through slots or saw cuts made in pieces of
wood or combs a, shown drawn to an enlarged scale at Figure 1, of
Sheets. The bars M, have holes formed therein (as exhibited at Figure 2,
of Sheet 3,) through which pass the warp-threads from the rollers 1, 2, 3, 4,
the axes whereof are supported by the uprights and blocks 5, 5, as
shown at Sheet 2. One end of each of the bars M, is in connexion with
a Jacquard apparatus of the ordinary construction, or they may be in
connexion with an arrangement of cams; and the other and opposite
ends of the bars M, have check-springs 6, affixed thereto, as shown at
Sheet 1, for bringing said bars back after the Jacquard has acted upon
them: m, mark a series of sley-bars, constituting what in looms of the

page_text: ordinary construction is known and distinguished as the "read"; these
bars extend nearly the whole length of the loom; and the extreme ends
thereof, as also the middle portion, are securely affixed to rods N, N,
and N. The outer rods N', work through guide-holes formed in castings
N³, which are fixed to the end framings B, B, for the purpose of
guiding the sley-bars or reed m, in a vertical direction during its move-
ment; and the middle rod N, supports the middle of the series of bars m,
and imparts motion thereto, as herein-after stated. p, p, are guide-pieces
fixed to the front and back framings A, A, for preventing the middle
portion of the series of sley-bars from springing; and the upper ends of
the rods N, and N¹, are attached to levers O, O, P, fixed upon the
shaft 14, and the end of said shaft work in suitable bearings. The levers
O, and O, are short levers, and the lever P, is a long lever, to which is
connected the rod Q, and bent forked lever R; the fulcrum of the
lever R, is a pin at 7, and there is a roller 8, working upon a pin passed
through holes in the forked end of the lever R; the roller 8 rests upon
the cam K, which, as it rotates, raises this end of the lever R, and
thereby effects the raising of the sley-bars or reed m, for beating or
pressing up the weft-threads, as before stated. The bars M, which
carry the warp-threads, are arranged, disposed, connected, and actuated
in the following manner: S, S, mark comb-bars, the ends whereof are
securely fixed to castings attached to the end framings B, B, as shown
at Figure 3, of Sheet 2, where a, marks a casting which is connected to
the end framings or castings B, by a screw at b, and by the piece c; d, is
a screw passing through a screwed hole in the lug or projection e, formed
upon the framings B, said screw being employed for adjusting the
height of the casting a, and comb-bars and combs s, and f, which are
supported by a piece of metal g, which is also adjustable upon the
casting a, by means of the screws g, g. At Figure 1, of Sheet 2, h, h,
mark castings attached to the back and front framings A, A, for sup-
porting the middle portions of the bars s, and parts attached thereto; to
these bars pieces of metal, or combs, f, are securely affixed by
screws 10, (the construction of these combs is shown more clearly at
Figure 3, of Sheet 3,) and said combs are employed for guiding the
shuttles across the loom, for which purpose great care should be taken

page_text: to arrange the combs f, f, opposite to each other upon the bars S, S.
The construction of the shuttle a, exhibited full size at Figures 4, and 5,
of Sheet 3, is as follows: a, marks a casting near the upper part, whereof
projections b, are formed; c, is a piece of sheet metal securely fixed to one
side of the casting a; d, is a pin fixed into the plate c, and employed to
receive a bobbin i, which turns thereon as the weft is drawn from the
said bobbin, around which it is wound; j, is a spring for causing sufficient
friction upon the periphery of the bobbin to prevent the same from
moving round after the shuttle has gone to its full extent; there is a hole
or eye k, formed in the bar of the casting a, through which passes the
weft-thread, and it is necessary to take off the sharp edges of said hole
or eye to prevent same from cutting the thread. T, mark guide-bars for
keeping the work straight; said bars are securely fixed in the position ex-
hibited at Figure 1, of Sheet 1, by means of screws inserted in a bar 12,
(shown at said Figure,) which extends along the whole length of the loom,
said bar being securely fixed by its ends to the end-framings B, B: 18,
mark bars for turning the finished work one quarter round to admit of
its being wound upon the work-rollers U, U, and such winding-on may
be effected in the manner and by the means exhibited at Sheet 1, and
Figure 2, of Shect 2, where 15, mark worm-wheels securely fixed upon
one-end of the axis of the rollers U, U; 16, 16, are worms taking into the
wheels 15; the worms 16, are fixed upon a spindle 17, the ends whereof
work in suitable bearings fixed to the framing, as shown; and there is a
ratchet-wheel 18, which is also fixed upon the spindle 17, and into said
ratchet-wheel the upper end of a pall 19, takes; the lower end of said
pall is formed forked, and with a toggle joint which fits upon a pin 20,
fixed in the lever 21, the fulcrum whereof is a pin at 22; and there is
a grooved roller 23, attached to the lever 21, by a piece 24; the roller 23,
rests upon the edge of the lever o, and thus, as this lever is raised, the
pall 19, pressing against the teeth on the ratchet-wheel 18, impart
motion simultaneously to the worms 16, and to the worm-wheels 15,
and work-rollers U, U. At Figures 1, 2, 3, of Sheet 2, V, V, mark bars
working through guides connected to each of the end-framings B. The
bars V, have other bars 25, securely connected thereto, which support
the ends of pusher-bars 26, and pushers 27, screwed thereto, said pushers

page_text: being employed to perform the same office as the picking-sticks of
ordinary looms, that of throwing the shuttles across the same; the pushers
should be so fixed upon the pusher-bars as that the end of each pusher
comes as nearly as may be opposite to each shuttle-frame containing the
bobbin and weft. The mechanical arrangement employed for actuating
the pusher-bars and pushers is as follows:-To one end of the bar V, a
rod W, is connected; and the other end of this rod is attached to the
upper end of a vibrating lever X, fixed upon one end of a shaft 28, as
shown at Figure 2, of Sheet 2. The opposite end of said shaft has a
short lever X, fixed thereon for imparting motion to the opposite ends
of the pusher-bars 27; the lower end of the lever X, has a horizontal
bar Y, connected thereto, and the opposite end of said bar is attached
to the upper end of a vibrating lever Z, whose fulcrum is a pin at 29;
and to the upper end of the lever Z, and at each side thereof rollers, 30,
31, shown at Sheet 1, are connected by a pin or stud passing through
the same; the roller 30, is in contact with the cam H, and the roller 31,
with another and somewhat similar shaped.cam H*, which is mounted
upon one end of a short axis 32; the other end of said axis has a spur-
wheel 33, fixed thereon, which takes into another spur-wheel 34, of
corresponding size, fixed upon the shaft D, for imparting the same
amount of movement to both of the cams. Thus it will be seen that
by arranging the cams H, and H*, in the relative positions exhibited at
Figure 2, of Sheet 2, as these cams rotate, the cam H, will push the end
of the lever Z, in one direction, and the cam E*, will push it in the
opposite direction, which will cause vibrating movement of the lever X,
and reciprocating movement of the bar V, and of the pusher-bars and
pushers 26, and 27, connected thereto, and as the pushers come into
contact with the ends of the several shuttles they will have the effect
of throwing such shuttles across the loom, and from the combs f, on one
side thereof to those on the opposite side; and to ensure the proper
landing of the shuttles the shuttles should be made somewhat longer
than the width between the combs, so that the shuttles reach and take
a good bearing upon one set of combs before they leave the other and
opposite ones. It will also be found necessary to give to the pusher-
bars a lifting movement. to allow the_sley-bars more. time to press up

page_text: the work; and this may be effected in the following manner :-It will
be seen, upon referring to Figure 5*, of Sheet 3, that the ends of the
pusher-bars 26, have a piece y, which we call a finger, securely affixed
thereto, the same being fitted with a set-screw 1, to adjust the pushers
to the proper height, and also as a stop for the finger when out of use,
said screw resting upon the top edge of the bar 25, shown at Figure 3,
of Sheet 2. Thus as the sley-bars m, rise to press up the work a piece 2,
upon each end of the outer bars m³, comes into contact with the fingers y,
and thereby lifts the pushers at the same time that they are being drawn
back, so as to allow the sley-bars to press up the work and descend
before the opposite pushers are brought into action to throw the shuttles
back.
Having now described the several parts of the machine separately,
we now proceed to describe the movements thereof as a whole.
MODUS OPERANDI.
Supposing the several parts of the machine to be in the position
exhibited at Sheets 1, and 2, and the rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, to be filled with
warp, the threads are passed from thence through the holes in the
bars M, and between the sley-bars m, from thence between the bars 13,
on to the work-rollers U, U. We would remark that in constructing
the bars M, it is necessary that the holes * should be so formed as to
prevent them from cutting the warp-threads as they pass through them;
and this we effect by first punching the holes in the bars, and after-
wards setting back that portion of the bar immediately above the hole,
as exhibited at Figure 6, of Sheet 3. The machine is now set in motion,
and the bevelled wheel 35, shown at Sheets 1, and 2, is put in gear
with the Jacquard apparatus, which is set to the desired pattern. The
bars M, are now operated upon by the Jacquard in opposite directions,
so as to effect the shedding or crossing of the warp-threads. The pusher-
bars and pushers 26, and 27, are now brought into action by the means
before described, and the shuttles with their weft are thrown across and
between the warp-threads. The cam K, now comes into action, and
operating upon the end of the lever R, raises the series of sley-bars m,
which, coming into contact with the weft-thread, presses it up; the sley

page_text: bars m, now descend by their own weight, and the alteration of posi-
tion of the cam K, and a reverse movement of the bars M, takes place
for again shedding the warp-threads, and crossing the weft just pressed
up; the pushers 27, now come into action and throw the shuttles across,
as before, in the opposite direction; and in this manner and by these
means each shuttle produces a separate width of work.
And as regards the second part of our Invention, which relates to
the construction of looms intended to produce a class of goods known
and distinguished as plaited goods, such as coach lace, it consists in
employing two shuttles, working at each side of a series of cotton warp-
threads, as exhibited at Figure 9, of Sheet 3. These threads are cm-
ployed to form the body of the work, and the face thereof is produced
by arranging and disposing silk warps at each side of the said cotton
threads; the silk passes between the cotton threads, which always
remain vertical, whilst the silk is moveable at each side thereof; and
such movement may be effected by passing the silk through holes in
bars similar to those marked M, and herein-before described. It will
also be found necessary to place the combs which guide the shuttles
closer together, as exhibited at Figure 7, of Sheet 3, and to make the
ends of the pushers forked, as at Figure 8, of same Sheet. In other
respects the arrangement of this machine is the same as that with the
single shuttles before mentioned, excepting that the movement of the
bars M, for effecting the shedding of the silk warps must be twice
as fast as when only a single shuttle is used. And we would observe
that by the use of two shuttlos we are enabled to produce twice as
much work in the same time as by the use of a single shuttle;
and further, we are enabled to employ an inferior quality of material
for the body of the work, or for both the body and back of the work;
and, consequently, can use a superior quality of material for the face of
the work. For example, the weft for producing the face of the work
may be of silk, as also the warps; whilst the weft for producing the
back of the work is of cotton, as also the body of the work.
And as regards the third part of our Invention, which relates to the
construction of looms intended to produce a class of goods known and
distinguished as checks and plaids, and for weaving in colours, it

page_text: consists in employing two and sometimes three shuttles; and we move
or "shog" the comb-bars laterally by any convenient and suitable
means, so as to cause the pushers to be brought opposite to one or
other of the shuttles. The comb-bars S, may be worked by cams
or other suitable mechanical contrivance, placed at one end of the
machine; and we would remark, that we propose in some cases to
dispense with the use of a Jacquard machine for imparting motion to
the bars M, and to substitute in lieu thereof a suitable arrangement
of cams, or other similar mechanical contrivance for actuating said
bars; and this arrangement applies more particularly to square or
diamond pattern work, the Jacquard machine being intended to be
used more particularly for figure-weaving. The drawing exhibits a
machine intended to produce work two inches in width. But if it is
required to make wider work than this, then the combs f, and pusher-
bars 26, and pushers 27, must be set further apart, and a larger shuttle
be used than that shown by the drawing; the bars M, and sley-
bars m, will also require to be increased in numbers.
At Figure 1,
And as regards the fourth part of our said Invention, which relates to
the construction of looms to be employed for weaving pile fabrics, such as
velvets, it consists in employing the arrangements exhibited at the
several Figures of Sheet 4, of the illustrative drawings hereunto annexed,
as follows; where Figure 1, exhibits a transverse and vertical section
of the upper portion of a loom, showing the arrangement of the me-
chanism for producing pile fabrics. Figure 2, is a diagram illustrative
of the mode of arranging the warp-threads in the bars M. Figures 3,
and 4, exhibit detached portions hereafter referred to.
A, marks a cam-shaft situated in front of the loom and working in suitable
bearings; C, D, cams fixed thereon, as also the cam H, shown at Sheets 1,
and 2; B, the back-shaft, upon which are keyed cams C, D, of pre-
cisely similar form to those upon the shaft A. These cams are set in
motion by the spur-wheels E, E', which are of equal diameters. The
wheels E, E, are securely fixed upon the shafts A, and B, and the
wheel E, is mounted upon a stud attached to the framing of the
machine, and is employed as an intermediate wheel for transmitting
motion from one side of the machine to the other; the shaft A, is set in

page_text: motion by any suitable prime-mover. F, F, are shafts, the ends whereof
are supported and work in brackets a, a, fixed to or formed upon each
of the end-framings B' of the loom. G, G, are levers securely fixed upon
said shafts opposite to each width of work. G, G, are pile-wires and
cutters; a portion of one of these wires is exhibited drawn full size at
Figures 3, and 4; said wires are attached to the lower ends of the levers
G, by a pin at b, which is the fulcrum thereof. H', mark rods, the upper
ends whereof are connected to the pile-wires and cutters by a pin at c,
and to the lower ends of said rods anti-friction rollers d, are attached;
against which the cams D, press, said cams being fixed upon the shafts
A, and B. K, K, are brackets securely fixed to the front and back
framings of the loon for supporting the rods L, which are connected
thereto by a più at e, which is the fulcrum thereof; the lower ends of
the rods L, are connected to the spur-wheels E, E, by pins or studs at f,
and the upper onds of said rods are connected to one end of rods M, the
other and opposite ends of said rods being connected to the levers G,
by a pin at g, as shown.
The modus operandi of this arrangement is as follows:-The wires
G¹, G³, are lowered by the cams D, D, and are pushed between the
warp-thread 2, and pile-thread 2, shown at Figure 2, by the action of
the cams C, C, upon the rods and levers G, L, M; and said pile-wires
are alternately raised up to the position denoted by G', at Figure 1, by
the rotation of the cams C, and D, in which position this wire remains
until the threads 2, 2, change places and take the position of the
threads 1, 1, and the work is then pressed up by the sley-bars m, after
which G³, is placed in like manner under G¹; the pile-wire G³, is then
drawn outwards by the action of the cams and rods C, G, L, M, and
and as the knife d, passes across the threads or loops thus formed the
pile will be cut or divided according as one or other of the pile-wires
and cutters G³, or G, are in action. And in this manner, and by these
means, we construct looms intended for the manufacture of pile fabrics,
and in which the pile may either be cut or not, as may be found
necessary, the only difference required in the arrangement being, that
wlien the pile is not required to be cut, the knife is dispensed with.

page_text: Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be and may be performed, we desire it to be
distinctly understood, that we do not claim the exclusive use of any of
the separate parts above mentioned and referred to, except in so far as
the same may be employed in combination and for the purposes of our
said Invention, which we hereby declare to consist in, and we claim as
of our "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"-
.
Firstly, the constructing of looms in such manner as that the shuttles
employed therein shall traverse across the width of the loom, instead of
lengthwise thereof, as hitherto practised in looms.
Secondly, we claim the use and application to looms of a new form
of construction of shuttle, as herein-before particularly describedl, set
forth and represented at Figures 4, and 5, of Sheet 3, of the illustra-
tive drawings hereunto annexed, whereby we are enabled to produce a
greater number of widths of work in the same space than by the use of
the shuttles employed in looms as hitherto constructed, and in which
the several widths of work are made across the face of the loom, or in
the direction of its length.
Thirdly, we claim the use and application to looms of two shuttles, in
and for the manufacture of a certain description of goods, known and
distinguished as plaited goods, as herein-before particularly described,
set forth, and represented at Figures 8, and 9, of Sheet 3, of the illus-
trative drawings hereunto annexed.
Fourthly, we claim the use and application to looms of two, three, or
more shuttles in combination with moveable comb bars, and shuttle-
guides or races, in and for the manufacture of a certain description of
goods known and distinguished as checks and plaids, and for weaving
in colours, as herein-before particularly described and set forth.

page_text: Fifthly, we claim the use and application to looms of the mechanical
arrangements exhibited at Sheet 4, in and for the manufacture of pile
fabrics, as herein-before particularly described, set forth, and repre
sented.
In witness whereof, wc, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels and
Robert Sands, have hereunto set our hands and seals this
Eighteenth day of Angust in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
SAMUEL RODGERS SAMUELS. (L.S.)
ROBERT SANDS. (L.S.)
Witness, ROBERT JAMES, Nottingham.