An Improvement in the Manufacture of Printing Ink.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1893-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Manufacture of Printing Ink.
We, JOSEPH BIBBY, and JAMES BIBBY, trading as J. Bibby & Sons, of
Exchange Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in the employment, as an ingredient in the manufacture
of black, blue and analogously coloured printing inks, of the oily matter commonly
known as cotton seed oil foots, a soapy product obtained in the refining of cotton
seed oil and possessed of a deep bluish black colour.
The cotton seed oil foots is preferably used as the basis or principal ingredient
(say from 75% of the total ingredients downwards) being combined with varying
proportions of burnt, boiled or raw linseed oil, resin and other ingredients ordinarily
used in the manufacture, according to the intended use of the ink, and with a
sufficiency of lamp black, vegetable black, prussian blue, indigo or other
appropriate colouring matter ordinarily used in the manufacture to acquire the
desired depth of tint.
The cotton seed oil foots is used mainly as a substitute for the linseed oil
ordinarily used in such manufacture as the basis of the ink, or for such portion
thereof as it displaces, and for the soap ordinarily used in such manufacture, and is
of advantage in that, while it is a much more economic basis of the ink than is the
linseed oil, correspondingly reducing the cost of production, and avoids the use of
soap as an ingredient, the resultant ink is equal in quality and in all desired
properties to the best inks now in use having the more expensive basis and having
soap as an ingredient.
A further great advantage is that the cotton seed oil foots being possessed of a
deep bluish black colour sufficiently tints the ink for many purposes without the
addition of any colouring matter, and necessitates the employment of a much less
quantity of the usual expensive pigments should it be required to acquire any
peculiar depth of tint, thus further reducing the cost of manufacture in respect of
lessening the amount of colouring ingredients used and the necessary grinding to
reduce the grittiness of such colouring matters when used.
From about 10% to 20% of the total of the cotton seed oil foots used may be
used in its natural soapy state after evaporating all the contained water, as a
substitute for the soap ordinarily used, the remainder of the cotton seed oil foots
used being used after its soapy nature has been neutralized with any suitable acid,
which is effected after the removal of the great excess of contained water, and after
which the remaining water is evaporated at a temperature somewhat higher than
the ordinary boiling point of water.
In the manufacture of the ink, the other oily, resinous or other ingredients of the
ink are added to the cotton seed oil foots in the proportions deemed best according
to the purpose for which the ink is intended to be used, and are intimately mixed
therewith and boiled in a usual manner. Such colouring matter as may be required
is then added, and the admixture may be ground to reduce the gritty matter due to
the addition of the colouring matter used.
Dated this 30th day of June 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicauts.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Manufacture of Printing Ink.
We, JOSEPH BIBBY and JAMES BIBBY, trading as J. Bibby & Sons, of
Exchange Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to the employment, as a basic ingredient, in the
manufacture of black, blue and analogously coloured printing inks, of the oily
matter commonly known as "cotton seed oil foots," a soapy product obtained in
the refining of cotton seed oil and possessed of a deep bluish-black colour, in
combination with varying proportions of burnt, boiled or raw linseed oil, resin or
other varnish forming ingredients ordinarily used in the manufacture, according to
the intended use of the ink, and with a sufficiency of lamp-black, vegetable-black,
prussian-blue, indigo or other appropriate colouring matter ordinarily used in the
manufacture to acquire any peculiar desired depth of tint ;-the cotton seed oil foots
being used as the basis or principal ingredient, say from about 75% of the total
ingredients downwards, in substitution mainly for the linseed oil ordinarily used in
such manufacture as the basis of the ink or for such portion thereof as it displaces,
and for the soap ordinarily used in such manufacture; and being of advantage in
that while it is a much more economic basis of the ink than is the linseed oil,
correspondingly reducing the cost of production, and avoids the use of soap as an
ingredient, the resultant ink is, nevertheless, equal in quality and in all desired
properties to the best inks now in use having the more expensive basis and having
soap as an ingredient.
A further great advantage is that the cotton seed oil foots being possessed of a
deep bluish-black colour, sufficiently tints the ink for many purposes without the
addition of any colouring matter, and necessitates the employment of a much less
quantity of the usual expensive pigments should it be required to acquire any
peculiar depth of tint, thus further reducing the cost of manufacture in respect of
lessening the amount of colouring ingredients used and the necessary grinding to
reduce the grittiness of such colouring matters when used.
From about 10% to 20% of the total of the cotton seed oil foots used, may be
used in its natural soapy state after evaporating all the contained water, in
substitution for the soap ordinarily used; the remainder of the cotton seed oil foots
used, being used, in substitution for the linseed oil or for such portion thereof as it
displaces, after its soapy nature has been neutralized by means of any suitable acid,
such neutralization being preferably effected after evaporation of the great excess
of the contained water, and the foots so treated being employed after evaporation
of its remaining contained water.
In the manufacture of the ink, the other oily, resinous, or other varnish forming
ingredients of the ink are added to such an admixture of the natural and neutralized
cotton seed oil foots in the proportions deemed best according to the purpose for
which the ink is intended to be used, and are intimately mixed therewith and boiled
in a usual manner. Such colouring matter as may be required is then added, and
the admixture may be ground to reduce the grittiness due to the addition of the
colouring matter used.
At present we find the following preparatory treatment of the foots and the
following formule to give very advantageous results.
We boil the foots with open steam, adding sulphuric acid until the foots are
neutralized as shown by the litmus test, which causes the fatty acids to separate
from the water and to float thereon. The fatty acids are then freed from any
remaining water by heating the same in a pan to a temperature of about
212° Fahrenheit.

page_text: For a common ink, we prepare a varnish by combining and heating a mixture of
about 75 lbs. of the foots treated as lastly described, and about one-half the
quantity of dark resin, to which varnish we add about 20 lbs. of lamp-black: the
whole is then put through an ordinary ink-grinding mill, which turns the ink out
complete and ready for use when.cold.
For letter-press ink, we prepare a varnish by combining and heating a mixture of
about 75 lbs. of the foots treated as lastly described, about 48 lbs. of dark resin,
and about 15 lbs. of cotton pitch, to which varnish we add, for colouring purposes,
about 10 lbs. of carbon black, about 18 lbs. of vegetable black, about lbs. of
prussian blue, about 2 lbs. of common prussian blue, (imitation) and about lb.
of indian red: the whole being then put through an ordinary ink-grinding mill, as
aforesaid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of black, blue and analogously coloured printing inks, the
combination of cotton seed oil foots, as a basic ingredient, with varying proportions
of burnt, boiled or raw linseed oil, resin or other varnish forming ingredients
ordinarily used in such manufacture, as set forth.
2. In the manufacture of black, blue and analogously coloured printing inks, the
combination of cotton seed oil foots, as a basic ingredient, with varying proportions
of burnt, boiled or raw linseed oil, resin or other varnish forming ingredients
ordinarily used in such manufacture, and with lamp-black, vegetable-black,
prussian-blue, indigo or other appropriate colouring matters, as set forth.
3. In the manufacture of black, blue, and analogously coloured printing inks, the
combination of an admixture of cotton seed oil foots deprived of its contained
water but otherwise in its natural condition, and of cotton seed oil foots deprived of
its contained water and neutralized as to its soapy nature by a suitable acid, in the
relative proportions of about 10% to 20% of the former and about 90% to 80%
of the latter, as a basic ingredient, with varying proportions of burnt boiled or raw
linseed oil, resin or other varnish forming ingredients ordinarily used in such
manufacture, as set forth.
4. In the manufacture of black, blue and analogously coloured printing inks, the
combination of an admixture of cotton seed oil foots deprived of its contained
water but otherwise in its natural condition, and of cotton seed oil foots deprived of
its contained water and neutralized as to its soapy nature by a suitable acid, in the
relative proportions of about 10% to 20% of the former, and about 90% to 80% of
the latter, as a basic ingredient, with varying proportions of burnt, boiled or raw
linseed oil, resin or other varnish forming ingredients ordinarily used in such
manufacture, and with lamp-black, vegetable-black, prussian-blue, indigo, or other
appropriate colouring matters as set forth.
5. The preparatory treatment of the cotton seed oil foots and formulæ of
manufacture herein before described.
Dated thin 10th day of I..1., 1902
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.