A METALLIC CONCRETE, APPLICABLE TO A VARIETY OF PURPOSES FOR WHICH IRON, LEAD, ZINC, COPPER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN HERETOFORE USED
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HENDLEY, of Belgrave Street, in the Parish of Saint Pancras, and County
of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West
minster, the Thirtieth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
eight, in the second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Hendley, Her special
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Robert
Hendley, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Hendley, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and all times during the said term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "A METALLIC CONCRETE, APPLICABLE TO A VARIETY OF PURPOSES FOR
WHICH IRON, LEAD, ZINC, COPPER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN HERETOFORE
USED;" in which 'said: Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said.
Robert Hendley, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same; reference being thereto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Hendley, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described in the
following Specification thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention of a metallic concrète consists in a combination of natural and
artificial productions, capable of being, by the means of fire, cast into a variety
of forms and applied to a variety of purposes to which concrete, iron, lead, zinc,
copper, and other substances have been heretofore used; and such combination
is formed of the materials following:-One of the materials is a soft coal or
bitumen found in several of the coal pits of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
and in great abundance; another is mineral tar or other pitch, and another
is finely-powdered granite, and another is Devonshire spar, and another is
river sand, and another is the carbonate of lime, and another is the black oxide
of manganese, and another is iron filings, and another is the muriate of soda
or common salt. And I do hereby describe the manner in which my said In-
vention is to be performed :-I take the said soft coal or bitumen in its native
state as it is extracted from the coal pits; I place the masses of the same
in a long iron trough or oven, and the bottom of the said trough or
oven is made with Welch lumps of fire clay, with an iron plate above such
Welch lumps. A strong furnace heat from beneath the bottom of the Welch
lumps is then applied. I then add mineral or vegetable tar, in the pro-
portion of one tenth of such mineral or vegetable tar to three tenths of the
said soft coal or bitumen; and I prefer, for the purpose of my Invention, the
Stockholm tar, being better than any other. A strong heat being continued
the spirituous portion of the bitumen and tar is given off, leaving a strong tough
tenacious substance, of the consistence of elastic gum, which I have hitherto
called mineral caoutchouc or elastic bitumen. A substance resembling this
is found in its native state in the vicinity of Castleton in Derbyshire, and
other places, and which is fusible and inflammable, may be used in lieu of the
artificial compound I have above described; but I prefer the use of such
artificial compound to the said natural mineral caoutchouc to be found in
Derbyshire as aforesaid. I then add one twentieth part of the muriate of
soda or common salt, and one twentieth part of the black oxide of manganese,
and a quart measure of iron filings previously mixed together, and when
well incorporated I then add two tenths of the carbonate of lime, and one
tenth of river sand, one tenth of Devonshire spar, and one tenth of powdered
granite. During this process the furnace heat is consideraby increased, and
the ingredients kept constantly stirred, and when well mixed this combination
forms the metallic concrete, according to the said Invention. The mineral

page_text: caoutchouc or elastic bitumen aforesaid may also be procured from the fol-
lowing substances by previous distillation over a gentle heat, namely:-
Petrolaum, Trinidad or Barbadoes tár, mineral gas or oil tar, malth or
mineral pitch, naptha, or any hydro-carbon, asphaltum, or mumia mineralis,
mineral adipocire or hatchetine retin, resin, wax, or pitch, or any other
bituminous substone; but the first-mentioned method of procuring the said
mineral caoutchouc from soft coal and tar I believe to be the cheapest, and
I recommend the same to be adopted.
In applying the said metallic concrete to the various purposes to which iron,
lead, zinc, copper, and other substances have been hithertofore used, it may be
cast whilst hot into moulds of various sizes and dimensions, and remain until
cold, when it will assume the form and shape of the respective moulds. These
castings may be cemented together with the hot concrete poured between the
interstices to make one solid mass or body, or, if necessary, to cover a large
surface. To represent paving it may be cast on a common surface, first made
smooth by plaister or cement, and the several joints being filled with the
said metallic concrete. The said metallic concrete may also be applied
to the structure of batteries' and fortifications, and repairs of public and
private roads, footpaths, garden and other terraces, the facings of all
masonry, brick, and timberwork exposed to the corroding action of salt or
river water, the floorings of basement stories of all kinds where the absolute
exclusion of moisture or damp is desirable, magazines and granaries, baths,
cisterns, docks, shipping, dry docks, aqueducts, sea and river walls, roofs, roof
tiling and slatings of churches, manufactories, dwelling houses, and all other
buildings, cellars, kitchens, and the bottoms of ships and vessels. The said
cement may also be applied as a substitute of granite or stone for railway
blocks, ship moorings, or blocks for ballast or dead weight of ships or other
purposes where large masses are required. In the manufacturing of the said
railway blocks or ship moorings, according to the dimensions insert blocks of
wood of the depth and size in the port that it may be necessary to attach a
screw bar, bolt, or fastening, after which the hot concrete is poured into the
mould, the wood block being made fast and kept in its position until the
metallic concrete shall have become cold.
In applying the aforesaid metallic concrete to the bottom of ships and
vessels, the bottom of the ships or vessels are first to be scraped and made
quite free of all extraneous substance; I then apply lighted torches to the
bottom of the ship or vessel to absorb all moisture. The metallic concrete
is then poured upon the surface, and with broad hot irons the aforesaid con-
crete is spread to a uniform thickness all over the surface. For the facing

page_text: of all masonry exposed to the corroding action of salt or river water the bricks
or stones which are intended for the buildings are first covered with a thin coating
of the said metallic concrete. This is done by dipping the bricks or stone in the
hot metallic concrete, and when covered with the same concrete the superabund-
ance of the same is scraped from them with a hot. iron, and allowed to cool and
harden. This process gives a covering of the said metallic concrete to each stone
or brick. This done the wall or side of the building is to be erected with the
stones placed respectively one upon the other with the aforesaid metallic concrete,
and to every layer of stone or. brick or coating of the hot metallic concrete is
to be poured upon the surface, and according to the thickness of the wall,
and between the inner and outer layers of stone or brick a space is left of
about one inch, into which the hot metallic concrete is to be poured, so as to
fill up the interstices left between each separate row of stone or brickwork
with the said hot metallic concrete, and so as the work advances. From the
above description of the applications of the said metallic concrete or com-
position it may be easily applied to a variety of purposes for which iron, lead,
zinc, copper, or other substances have been hithertofore used.
And whereas I do not claim as the said Invention any of the materials
separately; and whereas I am aware that many artificial cements have been
made, and with various materials, and that in several of the same mineral
tar and bituminous substances have been used, but none of such artificial
cements have been formed by the combination of the several before-mentioned
substances; but I do claim as my Invention the combination, by means of
fire, of soft coal and other substances, uniting the several aforesaid substances
into a metallic concrete cast into a variety of forms, and applicable to a
variety of purposes, substantially as herein-before described. And such In-
vention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never
before used within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, Her said Dominion of Wales, or Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of
the said Invention, and that I do verily believe that this my said Specification
doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained;
wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Hendley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-nine.
ROBERT (L.S.) HENDLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1839, the aforesaid Robert Hendley came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.