Improvements in the Manufacture of Night Lights, and in Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Night Lights, and in Machinery
or Apparatus Employed therein.
We, JAMES BROAD and GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER both of 4 West Street, Lewes, in
the County of Sussex, Night Light Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be, as follows:-
We employ paraffin wax, or a compound containing a large proportion thereof, in
the manufacture of our improved night lights, and we mould such material with a
central hole therethrough, in which we place a plaited wick. We also mould such
material with a convex top and convex bottom and, when removed from the mould
and the wick placed in the central hole so as to project at both ends of the block of
material, we fasten around the same a strip of paper, so as to form a case; or a case
may be independently formed and the night light inserted in the same. One edge of
the case will be level with the upper edge of the night light, whilst the other edge
will extend some distance beyond the convex bottom of the same, so as to form a
cavity to receive a quantity of plaster or cement, which, when set, will form an
incombustible internally concave bottom to the case, which will secure the wick in
position, and also ensure the complete consumption of the night light body, as the
melted material will gravitate to the centre.
In moulding the body of such description of night light, we employ a mould formed
with a moveable internally concave cover, and with a moveable internally concave
bottom. The cover is formed with an aperture or apertures, through which the
melted material is poured, and such aperture or apertures is or are large enough to
permit of the escape of the air from the mould, and thereby ensure the correct
moulding of the night light.
The body of the mould is deep enough for making the largest size of night light.
and the moveable bottom is formed as a plunger to fit accurately the interior thereof;
the bottom or plunger is provided with a stem or spindle passing down through a suitable
guide and connected to a moveable bar, plate, or board, serving for a number of moulds.
The body of the mould has a descending tube, which serves as the aforesaid guide for
the stem or spindle of the moveable bottom or plunger, and which is fixed in the
bottom of the water box of the machine. Passing up through the centre of the stem
or spindle is a fixed wire, passing completely through the mould, and which serves
to form a hole through the centre of the night light for the reception of the wick.
The moveable bottom or plunger and the body of the mould are rendered adjustable,
the one in regard to the other, so as to enable the mould to be used for making
different sizes of night lights. When adjusted to the desired size, the mould is filled
with the melted material through the hole or holes in the cover, then, when such
material has set, the plunger or moveable bottom is caused to rise, thereby raising
the night light body out of the mould with the mould top thereon, and, as the central
wire is a fixture, the night light body will at the same time be released from the
same. A number of these moulds are arranged in a group and the plungers or
moveable bottoms are simultaneously operated.
If desired, the body of the night light may be moulded solid, that is to say, without
a hole therein, which latter may be subsequently made by means of a suitable
plunger wire.
Dated this 19th day of February 18%
JAMES BROAD.
GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Night Lights, and in Machinery
or Apparatus Employed therein.
We, JAMES BROAD and: GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER, both of 4 West Street Lewes in
the County of Sussex, Night light manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
We employ paraffin wax, or a compound containing a large proportion thereof, in
the manufacture of our improved night lights, and we mould such material with a
central hole therethrough, in which we place a plaited wick. We also mould such
material with a convex top and convex bottom and, when removed from the mould
and the wick placed in the central hole so as to project at both ends of the block of
material, we fasten around the same a strip of paper so as to form a case, or a case
may be independently formed and the night light inserted in the same.
One edge of the case will be level with the upper edge of the night light, whilst
the other edge will extend some distance beyond the convex bottom of the same, so
as to form a cavity to receive a quantity of plaster or cement, which when set, will
form an incombustible internally concave bottom to the case, which will secure the
wick in position, and also ensure the complete consumption of the night light body,
as the melted material will gravitate to the centre.
In moulding the body of such description of night light, we employ a mould
formed with a moveable internally concave cover and with a moveable internally
concave bottom. The cover is formed with an aperture or apertures through which
the melted material is poured, and such aperture or apertures is or are large enough
to permit of the escape of the air from the mould and thereby ensure the correct
moulding of the night light.
The body of the mould is deep enough for making the largest size of night light
and the moveable bottom is formed as a plunger to fit accurately the interior
thereof; the bottom or plunger is provided with a hollow stem, or spindle passing
down through a suitable guide and connected to or supported by a moveable bar,
plate, or board, serving for a number of moulds. The body of the mould has a
descending tube, which serves as the aforesaid guide for the hollow stem or
spindle of the moveable bottom or plunger and which is fixed in the bottom of the
water box of the machine. Passing up through the centre of the hollow stem: or
spindle is a fixed wire, passing completely through the mould, and which serves to
form a hole through the centre of the night light for the reception of the wick.
The moveable bottom or plunger and the body of the mould are rendered
adjustable, the one in regard to the other, so as to enable the mould to be used for
making different sizes of night lights.
When adjusted to the desired size, the mould is filled with the melted material
through the hole or holes in the cover, then, when such material has set, the plunger
or moveable bottom is caused to rise, thereby raising the night light body out of the
mould with the mould top thereon, and, as the central wire is a fixture, the night
light body will at the same time be released from the same. A number of these
moulds are arranged in a group, and the plungers or moveable bottoms are
simultaneously operated.
And in order that our said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect we will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully
10 describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. is a side view and
Figure 2. is an end view partly in section of a night light machine with our
improvements applied thereto.
Figure 3. is a vertical section through the centre of one of the moulds and parts
connected therewith drawn to an enlarged scale.

page_text: Figure 4. is a full size vertical section showing the body of a night light with the
wick passed through the hole or perforation therein and surrounded by a paper case
in readiness to receive a charge of plaster or cement, and,
Figure 5. is a similar view of a completed night light.
In Figures 4 and 5 the night lights are represented in the position in which they
would be made and completed namely in an inverted position.
In all the figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
à represents the night light body which is moulded with a convex top a¹ and convex
bottom a, b is the wick which is placed in the perforation of the block a so as to
project therefrom at each end, is a paper case which may be in the form of a
strip of paper wrapped around the body a or it may be independently formed and
the body a inserted therein.
One edge of the case c is level with the upper edge a¹ of the night light, whilst the
other edge extends some distance beyond the convex bottom a² of the same so as to
form a cavity to receive a quantity of plaster or cement which when set forms an
incombustible internally concave bottom c¹ to the case c which secures the wick b in
position and ensures the complete comsumption of the night light body, as the melted
material will gravitate to the centre.
In moulding the body a of such description of night light, we employ a
mould d formed with a moveable internally concave cover e and with a moveable
internally concave bottom f.
The cover e is formed with an aperture e¹ through which the melted material is
poured and such aperture is large enough to permit of the escape of the air from
the mould and thereby ensure the correct moulding of the night light.
The body of the mould d is deep enough for making the largest size of night light
and the moveable bottom is formed as a plunger to fit accurately the interior
thereof; the bottom or plunger fis provided with a hollow stem or spindle f passing
down through a guide d² and supported by a moveable bar, plate, or board g serving
for a number of moulds. The body d of the mould has a descending tube d' the lower
end of which is contracted and serves as the aforesaid guide d and which is fixed
in the bottom of the water box as shown. Passing up through the centre of
the hollow stem or spindle f¹ is a fixed wire i which passes completely through the
mould d and serves to form a hole through the centre of the night light for the
reception of the wick. The wires are fixed in fixed bars .
I
The hollow stems or spindles f' may be fixed to the board y as described in our
provisional specification or they may be simply carried by such board g as shown in
the drawings in which case we screw on to the lower end of each hollow stem or
spindle, a collar 2 which rests on the board g, holes g¹ being formed in the
board g large enough to allow the free passage therethrough of the lower ends of
the stems or spindles f. The hollow steins or spindles pass loosely through a
weighting board which latter acts on such spindles through the medium of
springs placed around said spindles as shown. The board g carrying the
moveable bottoms or plungers is raised and lowered by means of a cross bar
carried by the outer ends of lever arms l¹ mounted on axes 13 at each end of the
machine and which by segmental toothed racks act upon vertical racks m fixed to
side bars m which are connected rigidly together by rods m² which support the
board g and work up and down in slots n, n, in the ends of the machine.
The moveable bottom or plunger and the body of the mould are rendered adjust-
able the one in regard to the other so as to enable the mould to be used for different
sizes of night lights in the following manner.
but are
Screwed guide rods o, o, are fixed rigidly at their upper ends to the bottom of the
water box h, and lugs g² fixed to the board g fit such guide rods o,
capable of sliding freely up and down thereon within the space limited by the
nuts o¹, o', the lower ones of which limit the descending motion of the board g and
consequently of the plungers f.
Thus by raising or lowering the lower nuts o' o' on the guide rods o. o. the
plungers may be allowed to descend completely to the bottoms of the

page_text: moulds d as shown in the drawings or to stop at any desired point short
thereof.
When the machine is adjusted to the desired size of night light the moulds d
are filled with the melted material through the holes e' in the covers e then when
such material has set, the plungers or moveable bottoms are caused to rise by
depressing the bar 1, thereby raising the night light bodies out of the 'moulds with
the mould top thereon and, as the central wires are fixtures the night light bodies
will at the same time be released from the same. p is the water supply pipe and
is the discharge pipe. The water box is constructed as heretofore with an outer
compartment which receives the water from the supply pipe p and with an inner
or central compartment into the upper part of which the water flows from the
outer compartment ¹ through holes ³ (see Figure 1.) and from which the water
is discharged by the overflow pipe g.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
a
1. In a night light made of paraffin wax or a compound thereof and having
plaited wick, a body formed with a convex top and bottom, a paper case flush with
the upper edge of the body and projecting below the bottom thereby forming
cavity to receive a quantity of plaster or cement to form an incombustible internally
concave bottom to the night light and at the same time to secure the wick in position
substantially as herein shown and described.
2. In the manufacture of night lights of the character herein shown and
described the employment of adjustable moulding machinery provided with fixed
perforating wires and constructed and operated substantially as herein shown and
described.
DALEN 1 ZLI INOVAMner EANS
ULED IZLA INOVAM Nor TaxU
JAMES BROAD.
GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, Agents.