Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1887.
Complete Left, 31st Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 3rd May, 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by ROBERT WYATT, of No. 1525, Fifth Avenue, in the
City and State of New York, United States of America.]
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake and Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to implements or instruments which are adapted to stand
upon a table or other suitable support, and by which tailors' chalk or analogous
materials may be sharpened to produce a V-shaped or wedge-shaped marking edge.
In implements or instruments of this class, the sharpening is effected by drawing,
or moving the piece of chalk, or other material, by hand, in a V-shaped groove or
space, formed by two knives or blades having their converging faces serrated,
roughened or provided with cutting teeth, and separated below their faces to permit
dust and chips to fall away from them.
The objects of the present invention are to provide a simple and convenient means
for holding the blades or knives in a box or to a support, with their cutting faces
at any desired angle of convergence; and also to provide blades or cutters for the
purpose, which have their cutting projections or teeth so formed as to be more
effective in sharpening the chalk than those heretofore used, and so that they will not
have any tendency to draw the chalk downward, between the blades or cutters, when
the chalk is pressed by hand between their converging faces.
The invention consists partly in the combination with a box or support, of two
blades or knives having serrated or roughened and downwardly converging faces,
between which is a slot or opening, said blades or knives being removably secured
in the box or on the support and adjustable to vary the angle of convergence of their
faces

page_text: In the above combination, the blades or knives are preferably provided at the ends
with journal portions fitting bearings at the ends of the box or support; and a bolt or
screw, inserted upwards through the box or support, and threaded into a nut which
has a bearing within opposite recesses provided in the blades or knives, serves as
a convenient means for detachably securing the blades or knives in the box or
to a support. The blades or knives are also preferably provided with downwardly
extending arms which engage any desired notches of a series of retaining notches at
the bottom of the box or support, and serve, when the blades or knives are drawn
downward into their bearings by the bolt, to hold the said blades or knives with their
faces at the desired angle of convergence.
The invention further consists in the combination with a base piece or support, of
two knives or blades secured thereto and having converging faces, cach knife or blade
consisting of a plate or bar having teeth or sharp ribs which are oblique or inclined
relatively to the length of the plate or bar.
When the cutting edges of the sharp ribs or teeth are thus inclined, they have a
shearing action upon the material drawn between them, and if the said feeth are
inclined downward in the opposite direction to that in which chalk is to be drawn
along the faces of the knives or blades, the teeth will have a lifting action upon the
chalk, which will be counteracted by the downward pressure of the hand, and hence
the edge of the chalk will not be broken off by any downward draft of the blades
or knives. In order to make the teeth or sharp ribs of the knives or blades more
effective, I hook them or give them a rake all in the same direction; and their cutting
edges being presented all in the same direction, they will act, most effectively and
without soon becoming dull, upon the piece of chalk drawn between them.
Dated this 21st day of January 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: other Marking Crayons or Materials.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to implements or instruments which are adapted to stand
upon a table or other suitable support, and by which tailors' chalk or analogous
materials may be sharpened to produce a V-shaped or wedge-shaped marking edge.
In implements or instruments of this class, the sharpening is effected by drawing
or moving the piece of chalk or other material, by hand in a V-shaped groove or
space, formed by two knives or blades having their converging faces serrated,
roughened or provided with cutting teeth and separated below their faces to permit
dust and chips to fall away from. thein.
The objects of the present invention are to provide a simple and convenient means
for holding the blades or knives in a box or to a support, with their cutting faces
at any desired angle of convergence; and also to provide blades or cutters for the
purpose, which have their cutting projections or teeth so formed as to be more
effective in sharpening the chalk than thoso heretofore used, and so that they will not
have any tendency to draw the chalk downward between the blades or cutters when
the chalk is pressed by hand between their converging faces.
The invention consists partly in the combination with a box or support of two
blades or knives having serrated or roughened and downwardly converging faces
between which is a slot or opening, said blades or knives being removably secured in
the box or on the support and adjustable to vary the angle of convergence of their
faces.
In the above combination, the blades or knives are preferably provided at the ends
with journal portions fitting bearings at the ends of the box or support; and a bolt or
screw, inserted upwards through the box or support and threaded into a nut which
has a bearing within opposite recesses provided in the blades or knives, serves as
a convenient means for detachably securing the blades or knives in the box or
to a support. The blades or knives are also preferably provided with downwardly
extending arms which engage any desired notches of a series of retaining notches at
the bottom of the box or support, and serve, when the blades or knives are drawn
downward into their bearings by the bolt, to hold the said blades or knives with their
faces at the desired angle of convergence.

page_text: The invention further consists in the combination with a base piece or support, of
two knives or blades secured thereto and having converging faces, each knife or blade
consisting of a plate or bar having teeth or sharp ribs which are oblique or inclined
relatively to the length of the plate or bar.
When the cutting edges of the sharp ribs or teeth are thus inclined, they have
a shearing action upon the material drawn between them, and if the said teeth are
inclined downward in the opposite direction to that in which chalk is to be drawn
along the faces of the knives or blades, the teeth will have a lifting action upon the
chalk, which will be counteracted by the downward pressure of the hand and hence
the edge of the chalk will not be broken off by any downward draft of the blades or
knives. In order to make the teeth or sharp ribs of the knives or blades more
effective, I hook them, or give them a rake all in the same direction, and their cutting
edges being presented all in the same direction, they will act most effectively and
without soon becoming dull, upon the piece of chalk drawn between them.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a plan of an implement or instrument embodying my invention and
adapted to stand upon a table or other suitable support.
Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof upon about the plane indicated by the
dotted line, a Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a transverse section upon about the plane indicated by the dotted
line y, y Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an elevation of one of the blades or knives.
Figure 5 represents a portion of one of the blades or knives in its incomplete state
and showing how the cutting edges of the ribs or teeth may be upset, or given a rake
all in the samo direction; and
Figure 6 represents a portion of one of the completed knives or blades.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
A designates a box or receptacle which as here represented forms the bed or
support for two blades or knives B. These blades or knives form between them a
converging seat or channel 131, through which the chalk or other marking material is
drawn to present it to the teeth or sharp-edged ribs of the knives or blades. The
knives or blades, as here represented, are provided at the ends with journal portions b
which fit semi-circular seats or bearings at the ends of the box or receptacle A, and
by swinging the knives or blades in these bearings, the angle presented by the two
knives or blades may be varied. To secure the knives or blades in the box or
receptacle A, I have here represented a holt C, inserted through the bottom of the
box or receptacle A and engaging a nut c, which is received in the recess c', formed
in the two blades or knives below their cutting surfaces. As here represented the
blades or knives have downwardly projecting arms B2, the ends of which are adapted
to engages notches in a series which extends transversely across the bottom of the
box or receptacle. If the arms B2, as here represented, are in engagement with the
notches near the centre of the box or receptacle, their converging cutting faces
will be at a considerable angle relatively to each other, and are held at that angle by
tightening the bolt C in the nut c. If it be desired to lessen the angle of convergence
of the two knives or blades B, the bolt C is loosened and the arms 132 are engaged
with notches which are more distant from each other, and when the bolt is
tightened it holds the blades or knives at a lesser angle of convergence.
The knives or blades B are provided upon their faces with sharp-edged ribs or
teeth, which cut the chalk or other material drawn through the channel B¹ between
the knives or blades. In order to prevent the teeth or sharp-edged ribs &² of the knives
or blades B from having any tendency to draw the chalk or other material down
between them and break off its edge, I prefer to make them inclined or oblique upon
the surfaces of the knives or blades B, as is shown best in Figure 1, and when the
chalk or other marking material is drawn over the knives or blades in the direction
indicated by the arrows in Figures 1 and 4, the sharp-edged ribs or cutting teeth b²
have a tendency to lift the chalk or other material, which counteracts the downward
pressure exerted upon it by the hand.

page_text: In order to enable the teeth or cutting ribs of the knives or blades to maintain their
cutting edges for a long time, I prefer to give the teeth or ribs a rake or inclination
in a reverse direction to that in which the chalk is drawn between them. This is best
represented in Figure 1, where it is seen that the teeth or projections are each turned
or have a rake all in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in said
figure. The teeth or sharp-edged ribs act more effectively to cut the chalk when
thus arranged, and maintain their cutting edges for a long period of time.
I have in Figures 5 and 6 illustrated one method whereby this form of teeth or
cutting ribs may be produced. It is my intention to produce the knives and blades,
either by making them of malleable iron castings or by drop forging, and in either
case there must be a draft upon the teeth or ribs to permit of their withdrawal from
the sand or from the die. In Figure 5, I have represented a portion of a knife or
blade B with teeth or ribs 62, which are straight and have no rake, but in Figure 6
I have represented a portion of the same knife or blade after the teeth or ribs have
been given a rake or projection all in the same direction. After the knife or blade
has been produced as represented in Figure 5, I may place a wire or anvil d upon ono
side of each tooth or rib 62, and by means of a punch or drift D¹, shown by dotted
outline in Figure 5, I may set the ribs or teeth, over one after the other, so that
they will all have a rake in the same direction, as represented in Figure 6.
I have here represented the box or receptacle A as provided with cavities or
receptacles D, E, F, which may be for the reception of pins or other articles, but
these are not essential to my invention, and the blades or knives B constructed as
described, may be secured in or on any suitable base piece or support.
The journals or journal portions & should be so arranged that the cutting faces of
the knives or blades are approximately tangential to their peripheries and a uniform
width of slot between them is then maintained. I prefer to round the upper margins
of the cutting faces of the knives or blades, as shown at s in Figure 2, so as not to
form abrupt shoulders at the junction of the V-shaped edge-portion of the chalk with
the body of the chalk.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The combination with a box or support, of two blades or knives having
serrated or roughened and downwardly converging faces between which a slot or
opening, said blades or knives being removably secured in the box or on the support
and adjustable to vary the angle of convergence of their faces; substantially as herein
described.
Second. The combination with a box or other support, of two blades or knives B,
having serrated or roughened and downwardly converging faces between which is
a slot or opening and having at opposite ends, journal portions which fit seats or
bearings in the box or support, and a bolt or screw inserted upwards through the box
or support and threaded into a nut which has a bearing within opposite recesses
provided in the blades or knives and which serves as a convenient means of detachably
securing the blades or knives in the box or to the support substantially as herein
described.
Third. The combination with a box or other support provided at the bottom with a
series of retaining notches extending transversely to its length, of blades or knives
having a bearing in the box or support and provided with downwardly extending
arms which engage any desired ones of the retaining notches, and a bolt whereby the
blades or knives may be drawn downward into firm engagement with the box or
support, whereby the downwardly extending arms may be held in secure engagement
with the retaining notches; substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The combination with the base piece or support, of two knives or blades
secured thereto and having converging faces, each knife or blade consisting of a plate

page_text: or bar having teeth or sharp ribs which are oblique or inclined relatively to the length
of the plate or bar; substantially as herein described.
Fifth. The combination with the base piece or support, of two blades or knives
secured thereto and having converging faces, each blade or knife consisting of a plate
or bar having upon its face teeth or sharp ribs which are bent or hooked so as to give
them a rake all in the same direction; substantially as herein described.
Dated this 31st day of March 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.