Improvements in the Manufacture of Portland Cement and Apparatus therefor, Applicable also for Making Bricks, Tiles, and other similar Articles, and for Burning Lime and other Materials.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 17th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Dec., 1887
Improvements in the Manufacture of Portland Cement and Apparatus
therefor, Applicable also for Making Bricks, Tiles, and other
similar Articles, and for Burning Lime and other Materials.
I WILLIAM TUFFEE of 36 Parrock Street Gravesend in the county of Kent Builder
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus in and by which Portland
cement may be manufactured in a very simple efficient and economical manner
which apparatus or parts whereof may also be used in making bricks tiles and other
similar articles as also for burning lime and other materials that require such
treatment.
To carry out this object in the manufacture of Portland cement I take the mud
and the chalk or the other ingredients that are required in the proper proportions and
cast the same into the mixing mill wherein they are first treated by a series of
revolving arms which pass alternately between a corresponding series of arms fixed
on the walls of the mill whereby the materials are to a certain extent crushed and
mixed and then fall down on a platform consisting of a number of somewhat parallel
adjustable bars on which are revolved a number of rollers and drags whereby the
materials are still further ground and mixed until small enough to pass through the
bars when they fall down on another similar platform in which the bars are closer
together where again a number of rollers and drags still further pulverize and mix
the materials and so on as often as may be necessary in each stage of this treatment
so much water being added as may be necessary. From the last of these platforms
the pug so mixed and ground falls down on a revolving plate whence it is discharged
by a stop plate into a trough through which it is led to an hopper.
The hopper is a double one and the pug falls into the one part while fuel is loaded
into the other and the exit of this hopper is so fitted that when a certain desired
quantity of the pug is allowed to fall thereout on a plate below a certain desired
quantity of the fuel is then allowed to fall thereout on the pug whereinto the fuel
may be pressed and the combined pug and fuel is pushed off the plate into the kiln.
The kiln is of an annular shape duly covered over and provided with inspection

page_text: holes where required and with air spaces below the grate where there may also be a
trough of water into which doors can be let down from above to close and regulate
the admission of air through the air spaces or other means may be provided to
regulate the draught as required. The grate also of an annular shape consists of two
rings supported from rollers travelling on rails or other appliances below between
which rings are the grate bars laid radially at the proper distances apart and this
grate is caused slowly to revolve by any convenient means and appliances preferably
by cog wheels acting on a rack. When part of this grate approaches the loading
place a layer of fuel is first placed thereon and by passing under a guage the fuel is
brought to the desired uniforin thickness the combined pug and fuel is then delivered
off the plate aforesaid on the top of the layer of fuel and passes on under another
guage by which the load is levelled to the desired thickness and may also be cleared
of the rings on both sides to leave spaces for the draught. This part of the kiln
aforesaid must obviously be uncovered and the load then passes into the covered part
of the kiln through another guage door or damper and after a certain desired length
of passage through this part of the kiln which is hot and dries the load the grate
takes the same on through and under one or more similar dampers to that part of
the kiln where the fuel is fired at first by any extraneous and convenient means
though afterwards the fuel will be fired as it enters this part of the kiln by that
which has gone before. These dampers aforesaid are so constructed and such flues
and other appliances may be fitted as will allow sufficient heat to pass to dry the
load as aforesaid. The grate is still slowly revolving and the fire continues thereon
until the pug is properly burnt and the fuel is consumed when the load passes out
through and under another damper and here a series of bars are provided whereby
the clinkers are loosened and a stop is provided whereby the burnt pug is pushed off
the grate and then the clinkers are also ejected and after being cleaned in any
convenient manner and by any usual appliances this part of the revolving grate will
be ready for a fresh layer of fuel and a fresh load of the combined pug and fuel as
aforesaid and thus in this kiln as the grate revolves there will be a continual loading
thereof drying and burning the load and discharging the same as long as the
apparatus is kept in motion."
When the burnt pug is pushed off the grate as aforesaid it falls into a trough
through which it passes to the grinding mill which can be constructed very con-
veniently as is the mixing mill before described after which treatment it may if
desired pass through one or more sets of mill stones until it is fine enough to be used
as Portland cement when it can be treated and used as may be desired.
The kiln can obviously be used for the burning of lime and other materials that
require such treatment.
The mills can also be used in making the materials fit to be used in the manufacture
of bricks tiles and other similar articles which can afterwards be burnt in the kiln.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Portland Cement and Apparatus
therefor, Applicable also for Making Bricks, Tiles, and other
similar Articles, and for Burning Lime and other Materials.
I WILLIAM TUFFEE of 36 Parrock Street Gravesend in the county of Kent Builder
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus in and by which Portland
cement may be manufactured in a very simple efficient and economical manner
which apparatus or parts whereof may also be used in making bricks tiles and other
similar articles as also for burning lime and other materials that require such
treatment.
To carry out this object in the manufacture of Portland cement I take the mud
and the chalk or the other ingredients that are required in the proper proportions
and I cast the same into the mixing mill whereof Figure 1 is a vertical elevation
partly in section, Figure 2 is an horizontal section taken at A B in Figure 1 and
Figure 3 is an horizontal section taken at CD in Figure 1.
In this mixing mill is mounted a vertical shaft B which can be revolved through
any suitable gearing by the driving shaft A and the aforesaid materials are first
treated in this mill by a series of revolving arms C¹ fixed on the shaft B which
pass alternately between a corresponding series of arms C fixed on the walls of the
mill whereby these materials are to a certain extent crushed and mixed and then
fall down preferably through a grating D on an horizontal platform E, consisting
of a number of parallel adjustable bars and on suitable arms fixed on the shaft B
are mounted a number of rollers F and links G whereby are dragged the weights
or drags G and as these rollers F and drags G₁ are passed over the materials on
the platform E the same are still further ground and mixed until small enough to
pass through the bars when they fall down on another similar platform in which
the bars are preferably closer together where again a number of rollers and drags
still further pulverize and mix the materials and so on as often as may be necessary
in each stage of this treatment so much water being added as may be required. I
consider that as is shewn in the drawing three of these platforms so fitted as
aforesaid are in general sufficient to properly grind and mix the materials and from
the last of these platforms E the pug so prepared falls down on an horizontal
revolving table H¹ fixed on the shaft B whence it is discharged by a stop plate H
and can fall into a trough or other usual and suitable apparatus in and through which
it may be led to an hopper. The grating D if any and the platforms E can con-
veniently be supported as shewn by the brackets K on the standards L and when
this mill is constructed as shewn in the drawing all parts thereof are very easy of
is then taken to the kiln to be burnt.
access.
The pug

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 are cross sections of the kiln and Figure 6 is a plan of the same
partly in section.
The hopper S that feeds the kiln made in any convenient or usual manner in
two compartments S and S¹ and the pug is placed in one compartment while fuel is
loaded into the other and the exit of this hopper is so fitted in any ordinary manner
that when a certain desired quantity of the pug is allowed to fall thereout on a plate
below a certain desired quantity of the fuel is then allowed to fall thereout on the
pug whereinto the fuel may be pressed and the combined pug and fuel is then ready
to be pushed off this plate into the kiln.
The kiln N in plan view is of an annular shape duly covered over with an arched
top and is provided with inspection holes U where required and with air spaces
below the grate fitted with any usual appliances to regulate the draught. The grate
also of an annular shape consists of two rings P supported by wheels travelling on
rails Q below between which rings P the grate bars are laid radially at the proper
distances apart and the rings P have the usual flanges dipping into the sealing
troughs N' fitted with sand or water or other material to ensure that all the draught
shall pass through and between the grate bars O and this grate is caused slowly to
revolve by any convenient means and appliances preferably by cogwheels acting on
a rack. When a part of this grate approaches the loading place a layer of fuel is
first placed thereon and by passing under a guage the fuel is brought to the desired
uniform thickness the combined pug and fuel is then delivered off the plate aforesaid
on the top of the layer of fuel and passes on under another guage by which the load
is made of the desired shape and size properly to fit and fill the kiln. This part of
the kiln must obviously be uncovered as shewn and the load then passes into the
covered part of the kiln through and under another similar guage or damper R and
after a certain desired length of passage through this part of the kiln which is hot
and dries the load the grate takes the same on through and under one or more similar
dampers to that part of the kiln where the fuel is fired at first by any extraneous
and convenient means though afterwards the fuel will be fired as it enters this part
of the kiln by that which has gone before and to ensure this effect I preferably fit
the main chimney flue W to this part of the kiln where the fuel is fired as shewn in
Figure 6 so that the draught passing against the travel of the grate causes the fire
to attack the fuel as soon as it enters. These dampers aforesaid are so constructed
and such flues and other appliances may be fitted as will allow sufficient heat to
pass to dry the load as is desired. The grate is still slowly revolving and the fire
continues thereon until the pug is properly burnt and the fuel is consumed when
the load passes out through and under another similar damper to a stop plate M¹
which pushes the burnt pug off the grate into a trough or shoot M and the clinkers
if any remaining on the grate can then be loosened and ejected by any usual and
suitable appliances and after being cleaned if necessary in any convenient manner
this part of the grate will be ready for a fresh layer of fuel and a fresh load of the
combined pug and fuel as hereinbefore described and the aforesaid course of
procedure will be repeated and thus in this kiln as the grate revolves there will be
a continual loading thereof drying and burning the load and discharging the same
as long as the apparatus is kept in motion.
When the burnt pug is pushed off the grate into the trough or shoot M as aforesaid
it can be passed if desired to a grinding mill constructed as is the mixing mill
herein before described or it may be passed through one or more sets of mill stones
or be otherwise treated in any usual manner until it is fine enough to be used as
Portland cement when it can be treated and used as may be desired.
The kiln can obviously be used in the same manner for the burning of lime and
other materials that require such treatment.
The mill can also obviously be used in the same manner for making the materials
fit to be used in the manufacture of bricks tiles and other similar articles which can
afterwards be burnt in the kiln. When the kiln is used for burning these articles
as also on other occasions when I may desire so to do I can divide the rings P into
as many parts as may be convenient connecting these parts together by any usual

page_text: appliances according to which method of construction the annular grate would
consist of a number of carriages and when the load on one carriage had been
properly burnt the load would not be pushed off the same as herein before described
but the carriage with its load would be disconnected and removed another carriage
being inserted in its place to make up the annular grate.
I have thus described and shewn in the accompanying drawings extremely con-
venient and suitable forms of this my apparatus and of the several parts thereof and
methods and details for working and using the same but I would have it clearly
understood that I do not limit myself thereto for this my apparatus and all the
several parts thereof may be so formed and constructed and such methods and
details of working and using the same may be employed and followed as may be
expedient or desirable in each particular case having regard more especially to the
materials that are to be treated therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a mill the combination with a shaft B of the arms C and C¹ the platforms E
with the rollers F and drags G' and the table H¹ with the stop plate H substantially
as hereinbefore described and set forth.
2. The arrangement and combination of parts and appliances constituting my kiln
substantially as hereinbefore set forth.