matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEEL TYRES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Swift at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1875.
I, WILLIAM SWIFT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Moulder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEEL TYRES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to the forming of the hole in cast steel tyres,
which has heretofore been accomplished by making a core of composition
or sand of the size and form the hole required to be, which process is
costly, and the making of them taking up a great deal of time, and the
same being of no use when the tyre is cast. Now my improvements
consist in making the core of metal and in one or more parts, in such
manner that when the molten steel or metal of which the tyres are
formed is poured into the mould the said cores will allow for the
requisite contraction of the tyre, so that the core can be readily with-
drawn. I place a ring of suitable diameter on the top part to keep the
core in proper position, and a smaller ring or piece of metal in the inside,

page_text: which also acts as a binder to bind the parts together, and serves as a
medium by which the core can be lifted. Corcs thus made can be
repeatedly used, whereby the expense of making new cores for every
casting is dispensed with.
It will be readily observed that the employment of metal cores 5
constructed to my Invention will be applicable to other purposes
where a number of holes or hollows are required constantly of the same
size and form with the same result of saving in labour and expense.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR SUSTAINING ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN THE MOUTH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Whitehouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1875.
I, WALTER WHITEHOUSE, of Pimlico, in the City of Westminster,
Surgeon Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS FOR SUSTAINING ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN THE MOUTH," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved means of sustaining artificial teeth
in the mouth by atmospheric pressure, and it consists in the employment
of a peculiar flexible disc or diaphragm (or more than one according to
the size and peculiarities of the mouth) applied in the usual vulcanite,
metal, or other mounting or base of artificial teeth in such a way that
when the mount is placed in position in the mouth a space will be left
beneath the flexible disc, whence the air will be expelled on the disc
being pressed up against the surface of the mouth. On the pressure
being removed the disc will tend by its elasticity to resume its original
position, thereby creating a partial vacuum beneath it. In this manner
the artificial teeth are sustained by atmospheric pressure without the

page_text: aid of wires, clasps, or springs. The flexible diso or diaphragm thus
forms the top of a sort of vacuum or suction chamber, formed by making
an opening in the mounting or base and inserting the flexible diso
(which is of specially prepared vulcanite) in its place, a ring of the
flexible vulcanite being also provided on the under side and surrounding
the disc so as to press closely against the surface of the gums to prevent
the inlet of air when the vacuum is formed.
A feature of my Invention consists in preserving the flexible disc
from the action of the saliva by coating it with a layer of gold, or other
suitable metal placed on each side of the disc before it is vulcanized.
In the absence of this protective coating the disc would be liable to
rapidly perish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR STREETS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Noble Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1875.-A communication from abroad by Ralph
Neufville Taylor, of Coorg, in tho Presidency of Madras, East
Indies.
I, GEORGE NOBLE TAYLOR, of South Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR STREETS AND OTHER PLACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in street lamps, and consists
in making the sides of the lamp in one piece of glass in the form of a
cylinder or preferably the frustrum of a cone inverted. Upon this
cone is fitted another cone also of glass forming the roof or top of the
lamp, the two cones being applied base to base, where they are fitted in
circular frames or bezels of metal hinged together, and provided with a
catch to admit of the top of the lamp being thrown up like a lid. The
inverted cono or cylinder forming the body of the lamp is made with a
projecting flango around its lower edge, by which it is secured in a frame

page_text: composed of a number of upright arms fixed to the top of the lamp post,
and inclined outwards to correspond to the form of the lamp. The arms
are also recessed to receive the flange above mentioned, which is
notched at intervals corresponding with the position of the arms to
admit of the lamp being dropped into position in its supporting frame, in
which it is then secured by turning it partly round, so that the flango
may enter the cavities or recesses in the arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF RAILWAY JUNCTIONS TO OBVIATE OR LESSEN THE RISKS ATTENDING THE PASSAGE OF TRAINS OVER FACING POINTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Matthews at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1875.
I, THOMAS MATTHEWS, of Riversbrook, Clarence Road, Wood Green,
in the Parish of Tottenham, and County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE ARRANGEMENT OF RAILWAY JUNCTIONS TO OBVIATE OR LESSEN THE RISKS
ATTENDING THE PASSAGE OF TRAINS OVER FACING POINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the protection of trains passing over
railway switches, and relates to switches technically called facing
points.
Facing points of switches as ordinarily constructed are highly
objectionable, in consequence of the liability of trains being thrown off
the rails from the points being moved by the signalman during the
passing of a train, or by the oscillation caused by the train in passing
over the points, or owing to a point not being quite home against the
stock or side rail, whence the train is to be deflected by the switch.

page_text: Various plans have been proposed for obviating these difficulties by
the use of locking apparatus, but so far as I know none of the proposed
plans obviate the whole of the risks above alluded to, and which it is the
object of my present Invention to prevent. For this purpose in con-
junction with the ordinary facing switches moving radially in the usual
manner, and having their points formed so that they will lie against the
web of the stock or side rails between their upper and lower heads, I
employ a pair of trailing points which form continuous lines with the
side or stock rails, but are arranged to move radially in an upward
direction, not laterally; these trailing points resemble in form ordinary
switch tongues, but are so arranged that they have to be arranged
before the facing points can be moved away from the stock or side rails.
When these trailing points are lowered into their normal position, they
form continuous lines with the stock or side rails, along which the
wheels of a passing train will continue to run; but when the trailing
points have been raised and the facing points moved laterally so that
one of them lies against the face of the stock or side rail, and the
trailing points have been again lowered into their normal position, the
facing point, i.e., the one which is to deflect the train on to the proper
line of rails will be overlapped by one of the trailing points, thus
securing it in its proper place and guiding the wheels over the facing
point in a similar and equally safe manner to that in which wheels are
now guided by ordinary trailing switches from one line of rails on to
another.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION FOR COVERING STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PLACES TO PREVENT THE RADIATION OF HEAT THEREFROM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Seccombe and Richard
Talling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th February 1875.
We, JAMES SECCOMBE, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
and RICHARD TALLING, of Lostwithiel, in the County of Cornwall, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION FOR COVERING STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PLACES TO
PREVENT THE RADIATION OF HEAT THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a mineral called "mica,"
or of minerals of the mica species, either separately or in combination
with other material or materials, as hereafter described, for the purpose
of covering boilers and other places in order to retain the heat in same
instead of allowing it to escape by radiation. Many attemps have been
made to find a material or to produce a composition of such a nature,
but very indefferent results have been obtained; we have however
discovered that mica possesses qualities for resisting heat heretofore
unattained.
Ting the nusunoses of our Invention we proforably reduce the mine to a

page_text: other suitable binding material or materials, which is or are bad heat
conductors.
When a casing is required to keep the material or composition in
position the same may be covered by a wood or metal casing, or with
canvas or other suitable material, and painted or otherwise treated as 5
desired.
For some sorts of clay we also sometimes add to the composition of
clay and mica a glutinous material or materials in order to prevent the
composition having any tendency to crack by the heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH TOOLS FOR CUTTING STONE, COAL, SLATE, MARBLE, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bain Munro at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1875.
I, BAIN MUNRO, of Forfar, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH TOOLS FOR CUTTING STONE, COAL, SLATE,
MARBLE, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates principally to improved modes of fixing cutters
in the cutter holders, or tools of machines used for cutting stone, coal,
slate, marble, or similar materials.
The cutters are made of steel or of case hardened malleable iron, or
malleable cast iron, or of chilled or partly chilled cast iron, and in the
form of a hollow or solid cone or conical frustrum.
The holder is formed with a conical recess or socket on its face, and a
hole is bored through from the back of the holder to the bottom of the
conical recess.
In one modification of the improved fixing arrangements the hole in
the holder is bored with a shoulder or contraction near the conical recess

page_text: '
for a helical spring which is placed in the hole to bear against. A
spindle with a head on its back end for the spring to act on is inserted
through the spring and hole from the back, and this spindle has a catch
formed on its front end to engage with a counterpart catch formed on
the back of the cutter. When about to fix a cutter the spindle is
pushed forward so that its front end projects and the cutter is engaged
with it, after which, on the spindle being let go, the spring draws it back
and it draws the cutter into its place, and it cannot be disengaged
without first pushing forward the spindle.
In a second modification the spindle is drawn backwards or inwards
by a screw nut instead of the spring, the other details remaining as in
the first modification.
In a third modification the cutter is made with a shank long enough
to enter a rubber ring placed behind the shoulder in the hole of the
holder. A tube is entered from behind and after the shank of the tool
is inserted is screwed up so as to compress the rubber ring and make it
grip the cutter shank. This shank is by preference made with an
enlargement which passes the rubber ring and hinders the loosening of
the cutter when the ring is compressed.
When the cutter is made of cast iron in the form of a hollow cone it is
chilled whilst being cast, but only on the inside and outer edge of the
cone. This not only makes the cutter less brittle than when it is
entirely chilled, but it facilitates the formation of the holding catch on
its shank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR SATURATING COPS OR YARN, OR FOR EFFECTING THE PERMEATION OF COPS OR YARN WITH Liquid
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1875.
I, SAMUEL HOLLAND, of Victoria Mills, Miles Platting, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN
APPARATUS FOR SATURATING COPS OR YARN, OR FOR EFFECTING THE PERMEATION OF
COPS OR YARN WITH Liquid,” to be as follows :—
My Invention relates principally to the treatment of yarn in or
preparatory to the process of turning or doubling, but may also be
applicable in other processes wherein it is desirable to cause cops or
bobbins of yarn to be permeated with liquid. In the said process of
twining or doubling it is of advantage that the yarn shall be in a damp
condition, and this condition has been most usually obtained by steaming
the cops or by immersing them in water, but I consider the use of
steam to be attended with disadvantages, and the cops by reason of their
compactness have resisted the penetration of the water for considerable
periods of time,

page_text: The object of my said Invention is to effect the complete saturation or
permeation of the cops with water or liquid, and this I effect by
subjecting the said cops or bobbins of yarn to such an amount of fluid
pressure as will cause the liquid to be forced into the body of each cop
or of the yarn upon each bobbin in a comparatively short time. In 6
the arrangement which I prefer to employ the cops are placed within a
strong metal cylinder or chamber, which is provided with a cover or
door which can be secured in a suitably water-tight manner after the
introduction of the cops. Water or liquid is then forced into the said
cylinder or chamber by means of a hydraulic pump or set of pumps until 1
a considerable amount of fluid pressure is produced within the said
cylinder or chamber, which pressure effects the complete saturation of
the cops or body of yarn.
When the cops or yarn is or are so saturated the yarn will withstand
a greater strain and will not run into snails, the consequence being that 1
the breakages are much reduced and a better quality of twist or doubled
or twined yarn is produced.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR APPLICABLE TO PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Wetzlar
Frères, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery. Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR APPLICABLE TO PIPES FOR SMOKING,"
to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to an appliance adapted to fit within the bowl
of a tobacco pipe and provided with attachments, whereby it may be
readily withdrawn for the purpose of removing the tobacco and ashes,
and of scraping or cleaning the sides of the bowl.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I have
illustrated it in the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a
longitudinal section of a pipe provided with the improved pipe cleaner
of this Invention; Figure 2 is a transverse section of the pipe bowl
taken on line 1, 2, Figure 1; Figure 3 is a top view of the pipe;
Figure 4 is a section of the pipe with the cleaner removed; while

page_text: Figure 5 is a perspective view of said cleaner. The same reference
letters apply to the same parts in all these Figures.
The Invention consists in the adaptation to the interior of the bowl a
of a cleaner consisting of a perforated metal disc 6 (or it may be a disc
of wire gauze encircled by a ring), forming a false bottom on which
the plug of tobacco is placed, and provided with one, two, or more
upwardly extending branches e, e, which may or may not be lodged in
corresponding grooves f made in the interior of the bowl a, the said
branches being provided at top with a hinged bail or handle g folding
down into a circular groove h made in the top surface of the bowl,
whereby the cleaner may be readily introduced into or withdrawn from
the bowl.
Instead of a hinged bail the branches may be attached to a ring or
cap fitting on the top of the bowl and provided with a cover if desired.
The perforated disc or false bottom 6 is made of nearly the same
diameter as the interior of the bowl, so that on being withdrawn it
removes not merely the tobacco residue and ash, but also scrapes and
cleans the inside of the bowl. This false bottom also reserves a vacant
space c at the bottom of bowl a to form a smoke chamber and prevent
the clogging of the passage d through the stem, and it at same time
serves to separate the juice from the tobacco in the bowl.
A NEW WICKLESS BURNER FOR SPIRIT, MINERAL OIL, AND OTHER SIMILAR LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1875.
I, JOHN HORNE, of No. 6, Shacklewell Lane, Kingsland, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW WICKLESS BURNER FOR SPIRIT, MINERAL OIL, AND
OTHER SIMILAR LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to those kind of lamps known as spirit or
mineral oil lamps, and is intended to supersede the use of wicks, the
reservoir, container, or other receptacle for the oil being always situate
above the tube through which the supply of oil is passed and regulated
to the burner. This burner consists of a brass tube, on one end of which
is a tap which screws on to another tube or pipe from a lamp or any
other container of the mineral oil or spirit to be burned; from this tap
is a length of brass tube screwed on to the burner, which may be mado
of any metal, and turned either upwards or downwards, and inade of any
shape, and which will have one or more holes for the burning of the gas.
Immediately behind this hole or holes is a metal shade which expands

page_text: the flame, and against which the light issues, and becoming heated
vaporises the oil and draws the flame upwards, and the oil mixing with
the air causes a white light to burn freely. On the burner is also
fitted a regulator in any position, which while regulating the flame of
the mineral oil or spirit also regulates the size of the light or turn it out 5
entirely.
I place inside the tube or burner a small stuffing of cotton, wool, or
silk, or hair, or other suitable material, which stops the too quick flame
and stops any impurity coming up the very fine holes from which the
gas issues.
In some cases I place triangles on which globes or other glasses used
in burning ordinary gas or oils can be placed.
It is obvious that any number of jets can be made by simply increasing
or decreasing the number of holes.
The metal shade before mentioned can be made of any shape or 1
configuration as fancy may dictate.
For the purposes of this Invention I prefer to use benzoline oil on
account of its giving a whiter light than other oils, and it is also more
free from smoke.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING WOOL AND SILK
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1875.- (A communication from abroad by Cyprien
Marie Tessie du Motay, of 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris,
France, Chemist.)
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BLEACHING WOOL AND SILK," (communicated to me from abroad by Cyprien
Maric Tessie du Motay, of 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris, France,
Chemist, to be as follows:-
:―
Wools and silks treated by dissolving or oxidizing agents preserve
after the action of the latter their grey or green colouring matters.
In order to bleach I subject the material to the successive action of
warm oxidizing baths, whose temperature varies from about 10 degrees
to 100 degrees centigrade, followed by washings with alkaline sulphites
and with warm or cold liquors of sulphurous bisulphites or acids, liquid
or gaseous, until complete discoloration.

page_text: It will be understood that according to the quantity of colouring
matter contained in the wools or silks under treatment, variable
proportions of the above mentioned reagents are employed; these pro-
portions may vary between 5 and 50 per cent. of the oxidizing, dissolving,
or bleaching matters. For the same reason the length of the immersion
varies from one to three hours.
All the silks and wools, whatever may be their origin, after being
subjected either to the action of dissolving agents, such as soaps,
alkaline, or alkalino-terrous washings, or to the action of oxidizers, such
as aqua regia, oxigenated acids of chlorine, alkaline, and alkalino-terrous
binoxides, permanganates, and perchromates, etc., are by this process
sufficiently bleached to receive any required dye.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING TIN PLATE SCRAPS OR CLIPPINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1875.-A communication from abroad by Léandre
Larocque and Anne Larocque, both of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING TIN PLATE SCRAPS OR
CLIPPINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the utilization of tin plate scraps or clippings
for the manufacture of rolls for rolling mills and other cylinders, as well
as for making different parts of machinery and tools. The tin is first
stripped from the scrap metal by placing the same in an hermetically
closed cast-iron receptacle together with a small quantity of salt and
pulverized wood charcoal, the whole being then raised to a red heat in a
furnace. The tin separates from the scraps and runs to the bottom of
the receptacle, leaving the sheet iron entirely bare.
Instead of employing a cast-iron receptacle the scraps may be
introduced into the furnace direct, provided the same be hermetically

page_text: enclosed. The scrap iron thus prepared is then mixed with scrap steel
and melted together in a cupola.
The proportion of steel employed varies according as it is desired to
obtain a metal more or less malleable, the Invention being designed to
include the combination in any suitable proportion of scrap tin plate
and scrap steel. Also the employment of the metal obtained by melting
scrap tin plate after it has been deprived of the tin without any
admixture of steel. This latter metal possessing great hardness, while
capable of being turned in a lathe, is employed by preference for making
rolls or cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Newcomb and Thomas
Henry Newcomb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th May 1875.
We, THOMAS NEWCOMB and THOMAS HENRY NEWCOMB, both of
Coburg Road, Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said' Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improved arrangements of machinery for
cutting, splitting, or slicing wood, more especially cutting "fire wood"
or into short lengths for lighting fires. For this purpose, according to
the first part of our improvements, we form or mount the knivės or
cutters upon one or both ends of an oscillating lever, which may be
moved to and fro by means of an eccentric or crank pin acting in a slot
or recess formed in the lever, or by means of a connecting rod actuated
by a crank or by other mechanical means. The wood to be cut is fed
by means of a hopper or suitable guides into a position to have successive
slices cut therefrom as the knife or cutter moves past the opening
through which it is fed. Arms are arranged to support the block of
wood after each cut in a position ready for the next cut.

page_text: Lever cutters may be arranged in accordance with this part of our
improvements to cut in opposite directions, the cutters being formed
with cutting edges or surfaces on each side.
According to another part of our improvements we form or mount a
cutter or cutters upon a revolving disc, the wood to be cut being fed 5
through openings or hoppers formed in or upon a fixed plate or surface,
the wood after each cut being supported by or fed up to the surface of
the revolving disc, whereby the thickness of the slice of wood cut off can
be regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEVERAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson' at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1875.-A communication from abroad by Edward
Kokosinski, Ohemist, Edouard Landowski, Doctor of Medicine, and
Pawel Landowski, Chemist, all of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEVERAGES," a communication to me
from abroad by Edward Kokosinski, Ohemist, Edouard Landowski,
Doctor of Medicine, and Pawel Landowski, Chemist, all of Pariș, în
the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a new kind of beverages
having milk for their basis, and which may be designated,―
1st. Milk beer (which may be of single or double strength).
2nd. Spirit or alcohol of milk.
3rd. Milk liqueur.

page_text: suitable process, and to the whey or serum of the milk there is then
added lactine or milk sugar, after which the mixture of whey and
lactine is boiled with hops. The clear and cooled liquid is subsequently
subjected to fermentation, as ordinarily practised in the manufacture of
beer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Alfred Aird at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1875.
I, DAVID ALFRED AIRD, of Fig Tree Court, Temple, in the City of
London, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:-
--
The Invention has for its object improvements in tobacco pipes,
whereby the nicotine is collected and prevented from entering the
mouth of the smoker, whilst facility is afforded for cleansing the pipe.
For this purpose I form the stem of the pipe with a long chamber
therein. The bowl of the pipe is connected to the stem by screwing
therein or thereon, and a long tube of small diameter is fixed, with
capability of easy removal, to the bowl so as to occupy the centre of the
chamber in the stem. The upper part of the bowl is connected to the
lower by screwing the one on the other, and the lower part of the bowl

page_text: is divided in a vertical direction to facilitate cleaning of the parts; or I
place a bottom in the upper part of the bowl, which is screwed to the
lower part as above described, in which case I form the lower part of the
bowl with a chamber under the bottom of the upper part, and I connect
the stem to the lower part of the bowl.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE FOR BREECH-LOADING GUNS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Egerton Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1875.
I, EGERTON JACKSON, of King Street, Covent Garden, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE FOR BREECH-LOADING GUNS," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto great inconvenience has been experienced from the fouling
of guns, rifles, and other similar weapons, such fouling arising from the
great velocity with which the charge is propelled through the barrel of
the gun upon its being discharged, which very frequently causes a
portion of the lead of the shot to remain in barrel and likewise in the
grooves formed in the barrel, and thereby not renders it liable to
burst but also greatly interferes with the accuracy of the aim.
Now in order to obviate such disadvantage and inconvenience I
proceed in the following manner:-I take an ordinary central-fire
breech-loading cartridge case, but instead of the usual flat thimble
breech I form it of a conical shape, as by so doing it forces out or expels

page_text: the shot with greater force; I then pour therein a sufficient quantity of
powder, after which I ram down a wadding in the ordinary manner; I
then provide a lining or bag composed either of metal or of woollen stuff,
but preferably of the latter, and closed at one end thereof and up the
side. I take care to make such lining or bag of a requisite size to fit
the inside of the cartridge. This lining I call a gun leading preventive
lining. Inside such gun leading preventive lining or bag I place a
hollow metal cylinder (preferably of copper to prevent all danger of
premature ignition), such hollow cylinder projecting sufficiently above.
the top of the lining or bag, in order to permit of its being extracted
therefrom as presently explained; I then force the gun leading preventive
lining or bag containing such metal cylinder down into the cartridge and
pour in the shot, after which I take hold of the projecting rim of such
metal cylinder before alluded to and draw out the cylinder from the
cartridge, leaving the lining or bag in the cartridge case; I then turn
down the top of the lining or bag, ram down a wadding, and close in the
outer case of the cartridge in the usual way.
The advantages obtained by my improved method of manufacturing
cartridges as above described, are that the charge of shot being enveloped
within such lining or bag is prevented from coming in contact with the
barrel of the gun as heretofore, and thereby thoroughly obviates the
fouling or loading of the gun.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING OR PARTIALLY DRYING BRICKS, TILES, EARTHENWARE BOTTLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR BODIES OR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1875.
I, HENRY JACKSON, of 16, Park Square, Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING OR PARTIALLY DRYING BRICKS, TILES,
EARTHENWARE BOTTLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR BODIES OR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object to effect the drying or partial drying
of bricks, tiles, and other moulded articles or bodies by means of
artificial heat with economy of fuel and labour. To this end I place
the bodies upon cradles or platforms which are suspended from or
attached to chains or bands which are linked together in such a manner
as that they may be caused to traverse to and fro, or up and down
within a drying stove, the platforms maintaining horizontal positions.
In one arrangement I employ two endless metal chains which are
mounted upon chain drums or pulleys, so arranged as that all parts of
the chains are caused to travel to and fro, say for example, from end to

page_text: end, or between the top and the bottom of the heated chamber several
times during each circuit. From the said chains I suspend platforms
capable of sustaining a comparatively large number of bodies, say for
example, of bricks. The points of suspension of each platform are
above the centre of gravity of the platform and the load thereon, the t
arrangement being such as that the platform maintains a horizontal
position, although the chains may be moving in semicircular, circular,
or circuitous paths. The bricks are placed on the platforms, and the
chains are caused to travel by driving two or more of the chain drums,
or pulleys. The extent of traverse of the chains and the speed thereof 1
may be so proportioned as that the bricks may be kept within the
chamber until sufficiently dry.
The dried bricks may be removed at or near the place at which the
moist bricks are placed on the platforms, or at any other suitable
point.
When drying some kinds of moulded articles I construct the platforms
of suitable shape to preserve their forms. The chamber or stove is heated
by means of a fire or of fires, by means of steam; or of waste heat
from a furnace or from furnaces, or by other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS FOR BASINS, SINKS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1875.-A communication from abroad by Frederick
Adee, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co.
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS FOR BASINS,
SINKS, AND THE LIKE," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to traps for the drain pipes of basins, sinks,
and other vessels, and apparatus for similar purposes.
I construct my traps with a body of any suitable metal, and which
has openings for the reception of the ends of the connecting pipes,
the said ends being inserted in the said openings and then soldered
therein.
The body of the trap is made of suitable shape and size to hold the
liquid for sealing the trap. It is preferably formed with flat sides of a
width but slightly exceeding the diameter of the pipes. One opening

page_text: a.
is at the top of the said body, and is made through a vertical socket or
collar which receives the pipe or tube from the basin, sink, or other
vessel. The other opening is near the top of the body at one side of
the same through a socket extending laterally outward, and from it a
pipe extends to the drain or receptacle into which the contents of the
basin or other vessel are to be conducted:
The above described construction allows the said traps to be very
readily fitted to any apparatus, and to be placed and secured in any
convenient position, and it forms a very effectual device for preventing
the return of any effluvia or foul gases up the said pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR GENERATING AND SUPPLYING LIGHTING GAS PRODUCED FROM HYDROCARBON OILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward de Ewer and Henry
Bloomfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th September 1875.
We, EDWARD DE EWER and HENRY BLOOMFIELD, both of Maiden-
head, in the County of Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR GENERATING AND SUPPLYING LIGHTING GAS PRODUCED FROM HYDROCARBON
OILS," to be as follows:-
:-
We provide a telescopic holder having a valve at top for the admission
of atmospheric air as the holder is raised. The downward passage of thic
holder forces the air to apparatus hereafter described.
Another convenient way of forcing the air is by means of the ordinary
wheel air pump consisting of a drum enclosed in a case partly filled
with water. Motion is given to the drum by convenient and suitable
gearing to a pulley or pulleys with a weight attached; as the weight
descends air is drawn in through pipe, and is driven out through another
pipe leading to gas generator, and in its passage thereto passes an
hydraulic seal.

page_text: The gas generator consists of two or more shallow vessels which are
partially filled with petroleum or other hydrocarbon; the generator is
formed with perforations or minute apertures, whereby the air is caused
to pass gradually and completely over the spirit, whereby it (the air)
becomes thoroughly saturated with the volatile -hydrocarbons.
Below
the chambers_or_shallow-vessels-there is provided what we term a
subsidiary holder in communication by pipes with the said shallow
vessels in such manner that the gas issuing from the shallow vessels
passes thereinto. The magazine for store of spirit is placed above the
shallow vessels, from which by a bird fountain action arrangement the
level and more uniform density of the spirit in the generator is
maintained. A tank surrounding the subsidiary holder can be utilized
for overflow as well as for additional stowage space. The subsidiary
holder, being weighted to less pressure than either the air holder or pro-
pelling pressure of drum, stands at full while the air holder is at pressure,
and when the air holder is exhausted or balance run down the subsidiary
holder sustains the lights while the air holder is refilling or balance
rewound, and should the air holder not be refilled or weight drawn up
before the subsidiary holder is run out the cap in subsidiary holder comes
over the outlet and shuts off communication.
There is provided an ordinary mercurial governor for regulating the
pressure.
Apparatus constructed according to our Invention are not liable to
get out of order, little labour is required, there is no risk of explosion
during manufacture, and uniformity of illuminating power is obtained,
constancy of supply, no danger other than those incidental on the use of
coal gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MULES, OR MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Catlow, Blackburn
Blackburn, and Robert Parkinson at the Office of the Commissioner
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th February 1875.
We, SAMUEL CATLOW, Cotton Spinner, BLACKBURN BLACKBURN,
Mule Overlooker, and ROBERT PARKINSON, Mechanic, all of Colne, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MULES, OR MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of spinning mule technically
known as the "mangle wheel mule," and the object is to produce
a better cop or a more regularly lapped cop winding more equally all
through the cop and making fewer snarls than heretofore. This we
effect by having the ordinary quadrant rail which heretofore has been a
fixture constructed or applied in such manner as to be capable of being
moved endwise by means of a screw shaft operated by a ratchet or catch
wheel and catch or pawl hinged on a lever which is actuated by another

page_text: lever receiving oscilatory motion from a rod connected to the swing of
the mangle wheel, so that at each rotation thereof motion is given to the
said screw shaft and then to the quadrant rail, whereby we obtain a more
uniform tension of the yarn when winding it on the spindles to form the
cops.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SADDLE GIRTH TIGHTENER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard and William Cox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd July 1875.
We, JOHN HOWARD and WILLIAM Cox, both of the 7th Dragoon
Guards, of Cahir, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SADDLE GIRTH TIGHTENER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention, which relates to a new or improved
saddle girth tightener, is to keep the girths of a saddle at all times tight
to the horse's or animal's belly.
To one end of the girth I attach a suitable buckle, and to the other
end thereof I attach one of the improved "tighteners,” and a strap to
fasten in the buckle as usual.
The "tightener" consists of a small flat or curved metallic box
enclosing two, three, or more longitudinal metal fixed and draw rods
encircled by helical springs, applied so as to have a constant tendency
to draw the strap and the draw rods to which it is attached towards
the box, so as to tighten the girth when upon the horse or animal.

page_text: The advantages derived from the application of this means of
tightening the girth are very numerous, amongst them may bo
mentioned, that "girth galls" will be prevented in consequence of the
girth being at all times kept tight to the belly of the horse or animal,
which circumstance will also prevent the saddle from slipping on the
horse's or animal's back, thereby obviating the necessity for the usual
"crupper" and "breast plate and strap" There will also be no necessity
for the rider ever to dismount to "girth up" as is now so often required
in the field, on march, or on the road.
Ar TENDAWOEDIG TE BEE CONSERUCTION OF REGENERATIVE Gas Furnaces
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Roper Wright, of Croston Villa, Uddingston,
in the County of Lanark, Engineer, for the Invention of "Ar
TENDAWOEDIG TE BEE CONSERUCTION OF REGENERATIVE Gas Furnaces.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Roper Wright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd June 1875.
I, JOHN ROPER WRIGHT, of Croston Villa; Uddingston, in the County
of Lanark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REGENERATIVE Gas FURNACES,”
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improvement in regenerative gas furnaces,
by which the products of combustion are carried down into the re-
generators without striking the arch or wall of the regenerator chambers,
as is the custom in the present mode of constructing such furnaces.

page_text: In order to carry out this improvement I place the regenerator
chambers in such a position that the wall dividing each pair or set of
chambers can be continued upward, so as to divide the downtakes to the
gas chamber from those to the air chamber, and these downtakes are
thus carried direct into the regenerator chambers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Roper Wright in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ROPER WRIGHT, of No. 77, Albion Street, Birmingham, in the County :
of Warwick, and the Panteg Steel Company, Panteg, Monmouthshire,
late of Croston Villa, Uddingston, in the County of Lanark, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Roper Wright, Her special
licence that I, the said John Roper Wright, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Roper Wright,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REGENERATIVE GAS FURNACES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Roper Wright, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the 8
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
‹ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Roper Wright, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the 3
AN IMPROVED LAMP FOR PARAPIN AND THE KINDRED OILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur William Murray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1875.
I, ARTHUR WILLIAM MURRAY, of the City of Dublin, Barrister at
Law, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LAMP FOR PARAPIN AND THE KINDRED OILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a lamp to be called the "Manx or triple
flame lamp," having three perpendicular flames, whose flames converging
to a centre make angles of 120° with each other. By this arrangement
a flat light giving surface is presented in all positions of the lamp, thereby
giving it an advantage over the ordinary single flame and the duplex
lamps, while at the same time both sides of the flame giving surface are
utilized, which is an advantage over the duplex and silver lamps. This
lamp differs from those at present in use in the following particulars,
viz. Whilst in the ordinary or single flame there is one, in the duplex
two, in the improved lamp there are three wick sheaths radiating from
the centre, and making angles of 120° with each other. Meeting at

page_text: their summit are three sloping shields fitted between the sheaths, and
from the apex thus formed a small pillar springs to a height slightly
above the dome, which is of the ordinary height and shape, having 'three
almond-shaped cuts corresponding to the wick sheaths; the points
formed by the cuts are slightly depressed and meet at the pillar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAanufacture of RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1875.
I, JOHN KING, of 8, Gillingham Street, Eccleston Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAanufacture of RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
railway wheels.
Serious accidents occur from time to time from the fracture of the
tyres of railway wheels, and when the tyre comes off the wheel is left
flangeless, and consequently leaves the rails. Now I adopt a construction
which allows great strength in the tyre and provides that the wheel shall
not be left flangeless even when the tyre is lost. The body of the wheel
I make of wood (although it might be made of other materials), and
around it I apply an inner rolled tyre with a double flange. Part of the
flange projects externally and corresponds in form with the ordinary
running flange, another part projects internally and comes against the

page_text: inner side of the wooden wheel body, and is secured to it by rivets or
bolts passed through the flange and the wheel body. Over this tyre a
second tyre is applied, it is formed internally to correspond with the
exterior of the inner tyre, and it is provided with two flanges.
On the exterior of the hoop is the running flange to retain the wheel
upon the rail, and on the opposite side of the hoop is an internal flange,
which, like the internal flange of the inner tyre comes against the side
of the wooden wheel body, so that the body is held all around the
periphery between the flanges of the two tyres, and other rivets or bolts
(which alternate with those already mentioned) are passed through the
internal flanges of both tyres and through the wheel body, so the whole
is bound securely together.