Improvements in connection with Steam Boilers.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 30th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 18th June, 1898
Improvements in connection with Steam Boilers.
I, JOHN KIPPAX, 13, Chorley New Road, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to the cross tubes of steam boilers of the Lancashire
or Cornish types and are especially applicable to cross tubes having a large
sectional area such as those known as Galloway tubes.
The object of my invention is to enforce circulation of the sluggish water of
the boiler by dividing the body of water which traverses the cross tubes into a
thin annular column or columns thereby promoting a more vigerous ebulition and
an increased economy in the generation of steam.
With this end in view I insert inside the cross or Galloway tube another tube
which I call the inner tube in such a manner that it will leave a thin annular
space between the inner and outer tubes thus reducing the column of water to
be heated to the smallest possible quantity consistant with practical working
and dividing the same in such a manner that the circulation of the water is
improved and its temperature increased and more equitably distributed than
heretofore.
The inner tube is furnished with a flange having a sufficient overlap to cover
the cavity of the cross tube and thus rest on the surface thereof or about its sur-
face by its own weight or otherwise it may be attached by any suitable means
that is found desirable.
For the purpose of guiding and directing the circulation of the water up the
cavity formed by the tubes the lower portion of the inner tube may be allowed
to project somewhat below the surface of the fixed tube.
On the flange of the inner tube I arrange a series of small pipes which
immediately communicate with the annular space or cavity formed by the com-
bination of the two tubes and I carry or project these pipes to a convenient dis-
tance above the water level of the boiler and dispose the openings thereof in such
a manner that the heated water which rapidly passes through them becomes pro-
jected in the steam space without supersaturating the steam or causing the boiler
to prime.
Briefly described the action of the combination of the tubes may be said to be
as follows:-
The body of water which is usually inactive in the cross or Galloway tube is
split up and divided into a comparatively thin column and its temperature
thereby becomes much higher than the surrounding water or the water formed
in the core of the fixed tube.-A rapid current of water is thus set up in the
annular cavity of the tubes the force of which carries and projects the stream
through the series of pipes which are fixed on the flange of the inner tube as
already described and projects the hot stream above the level of the water into the
steam space.
For the purpose of carrying out my invention into practical effect where

page_text: Galloway or cross tubes are not employed I revit bolt or otherwise fix a suitable
saddle or box over the crown of the flue, and leave open spaces at the bottom or
sides thereof for the purpose of supplying the water for circulation, I then place
on the top of the box or saddle one or more pipes for conveying the heated water
as already described.
Improvements in connection with Steam Boilers.
I, JOHN KIPPAX, of 13, Chorley New Road, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
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My improvements relate to the cross tubes of steam boilers of the Lancashire
or Cornish types and are especially applicable to cross tubes having a large
sectional area such as those known as Galloway" tubes. The object of my
invention is to enforce circulation of the sluggish water of the boiler by dividing
the body of water which traverses the cross tubes into a thin annular column or
columns thereby promoting a more vigerous ebulation and an increased economy
in the generation of steam. With this end in view I insert inside the cross or
Galloway" tube another tube in such a manner that it will leave a thin annular
space between the inner and outer lubes thus reducing the column of water to
be heated to the smallest possible quantity consistant with practical working and
dividing the same in such a manner that the circulation of the water is improved
and its temperature increased and more equitably distributed than heretofore.
The inner tube is furnished with a flange having a sufficient overlap to cover the
cavity of the cross tube and thus rest on the surface thereof or about its surface
by its own weight or otherwise it may be attached by any suitable means that
is found desireable. For the purpose of guiding and directing the circulation of
the water up the cavity formed by the tubes the lower portion of the inner tube
may be allowed to project somewhat below the surface of the fixed tube. On the
flange of the inner tube I arrange a series of small pipes which immediately com-
municate with the annular space or cavity formed by the combination of the
two tubes and I carry or project these pipes to a convenient distance above the
water level of the boiler and dispose the openings thereof in such a manner that
the heated water or steam which rapidly passes through them becomes projected
in the steam space without supersaturating the steam or causing the boiler to
prime. Briefly described, the action of the combination of the tubes may be
said to be as follows:-The body of water which is usually inactive in the cross
or "Galloway" tube is split up and divided into a comparatively thin column
and its temperature thereby becomes much higher than the surrounding water
or the water formed in the core of the fixed tube. A rapid current of water is
thus set up in the annular cavity of the tubes the force of which carries and pro-
jects the water or steam through the series of pipes which are fixed on the flange
of the inner tube as already described and projects the steam above the level of
the water into the steam space. For the purpose of carrying out my invention
into practical effect where "Galloway" or cross tubes are not employed I rivet,
bolt, or otherwise fix a suitable saddle or box over the crown of the flue and leave
open spaces at the bottom or sides thereof for the purpose of supplying the water
for circulation. I then place on the top of the box or saddle one or more pipes
for conveying the heated water as already described.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a Lancashire or Cornish boiler with one flue
and cross or what are well known as "Galloway" tubes showing my invention
applied thereto Fig. 2 a sectional elevation of a Lancashire or Cornish boiler
with one flue without cross or Galloway" tubes showing my invention applied
thereto Fig. 3 a part sectional plan of Fig. 2 showing my invention mounted
on the top of the flue, and Fig. 4 a side view of saddle or box shown in Figs. 2
and 3.
A is the shell of the boiler; B the ordinary flue, and C cross or "Galloway"
tubes.
66
"
In the cross or "Galloway" tubes C is inserted the tapered tube E of such an
external diameter top and bottom so as to leave between the outside of the same
and the internal diameter of the cross or "Galloway" tube C the annular space O
to reduce the column of water to be heated to the smallest possible quantity con-
sistant with practical working and dividing the same in such a manner that the
circulation of the water is improved and its temperature increased and more
equitably distributed than hitherto. The inner or tapered tube E is provided
with the flange H having a sufficient overlap to cover the cavity of the cross or
Galloway" tube C and thus rest on the outer surface or flange I by its own
weight, or otherwise in which case it may be secured by any well known mechanical
means most desirable. For the purpose of guiding and directing the circulation
of the water up the annular space O formed between the inside of the tube C and
the outside of the tapered tube E; the lower portion or bottom end of the tube E
may be allowed to project below the bottom end of the fixed cross or "Galloway
tube C. To ensure of the tapered tube E being supported in an efficient manner
so as to relieve the top flange H from strain, the set screws Y are fixed near the
bottom end of the same as shown in Fig. 1. If desired projections, such as,
angle irons, may be rivetted or secured to the outside of the inner tube E in lieu
of the set screws Y. In case the tapered tube E is constructed of cast metal suit-
able pieces may be cast thereto in lieu of the before mentioned angle irons and
screws. On the flange H of the inner tube E is arranged the small pipes K which
communicate with the annular space O formed by the combination of the two
tubes C and E. The small pipes K project upwards a convenient or desired
distance above the water level in the boiler as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The
upper ends or outlets Z of the small pipes K may consist of open ends provided
with the elevated caps or covers M secured by the side stays Q, or the ends Z may
be closed the outlet being through the slots or holes P, or, if desired the bent end $
with full bore or opening may be employed. The heated water or steam which
passes through and from the pipes K is projected into the steam space above the
water line or level without supersaturating the steam or causing the boiler to
prime. In applying my invention to boilers without cross or "Galloway" tubes
I fix the saddle or box W over the crown of the flue B leaving the open spaces X
at the bottom or sides for the purpose of supplying water for circulation. The
metallic saddle or box W may be secured in position on the upper outside or
crown of the flue B by means of rivets, bolts, or by any other well known
mechanical means. In the top side of the metallic saddle or box W are secured
the pipes K provided with outlets and caps or covers as before described. If
desired the metallic saddle or box W and pipes K may be duplicated as often as
desired as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. If desired or required the pipes K
may be of a reduced length to those shown in the drawings, so that the outlets Z
may be below the water level in the boiler.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention. and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In steam boilers provided with " Galloway" tubes the use of the internal
tube E of such a size or diameter so as to leave or form the chamber or cavity 0.

page_text: the latter being connected with the steam space above the water level or other-
wise by means of the pipes K provided with the outlets Z, or holes or slots P, and
the caps or covers M, the whole being applied and operating substantially as
described and as illustrated in the annexed drawings.
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2. In steam boilers without cross or Galloway" tubes the use of the saddle
or box W with the open spaces or inlets ✗ connected with the steam space above
the water level or otherwise by means of the pipes K provided with the outlets Z,
or holes or slots P, and the caps or covers M, the whole being applied and opera-
ting substantially as described and as illustrated in the annexed drawings.
Dated the 29th day of April 1898.
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent.