IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT OF GAS LIQUOR FOR USE IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I FRANK CLARKE Hills of the Chemical Works Deptford in the County of
Kent Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT OF GAS LIQUOR
FOR USE IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS" to be as follows:-
My improvements in the treatment of gas liquor relate to the process described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me and boaring date the 14th day
of March A.D. 1874 N° 934 by which process gas liquor was partially purified by
heating it in a still which still was connected to a scrubber through which the
crude gas liquor was passed downward on its way to the still in which it was heated
and certain gases driven off from it which gases were passed upward through the
scrubber.
My present improvements on the said process are hereinafter described.
Instead of heating the gas liquor to be purified in a still and passing the gases
driven off from the said liquor into a scrubber I heat the gas liquor as it descends
in the scrubber the heat being applied at the lower part of the scrubber through
which the gas liquor descends. By this means the temperature of the gas liquor is
gradually raised as it descends in the scrubber and most of the sulphuretted
hydrogen and carbonic acid and some ammonia are driven off from the heated
liquor which gases ascend in the scrubber the sulphuretted hydrogen, and carbonic
acid passing from the scrubber at the upper part as described in the aforesaid
specification and the ammonia driven off or the greater part thereof being absorbed
by the cool gas liquor in the upper part of the scrubber. Any ammonia not so
absorbed may be removed from the sulphuretted bydrogen and carbonic acid by
passing them through acid or through a water scrubber.
In lieu of filling the scrubber with coke or other dividing media diaphragms may
be arranged in the scrubber case over which diaphragms the liquor passes in
descending the scrubber.
The gas liquor to be treated passes continuously into the scrubber at the upper
part and the heated purified liquor passes continuously from the scrubber at the
lower part.
The scrubber may be heated by means of steam coils or a steam case or steam
cases arranged in the lower part thereof or by means of steam passed direct into.

page_text: the lower part of the scrubber from a steam boiler fed either with water or with a
portion of the hot purified liquor which runs out from the bottom of the scrubber
the temperature within the scrubber should be such that the liquor passing
therefrom will be below boiling heat say about two hundred degrees Fahrenheit.
When the scrubber is heated by passing steam into coils or cases therein I heat
the water fed into the boiler which supplies the said steam by passing the hot
liquor through a worm or other suitable apparatus immersed in or in contact with
the water with which the boiler is supplied or I heat the liquor to be treated by
passing it through a worm immersed in the said hot liquor. The liquor to be
treated may be caused to pass through the worm by means of a pump or by being.
supplied from a tank at a sufficient elevation above the top of the scrubber.
By my improvements the cost of treating or purifying the gas liquor is reduced
and the apparatus required is much simpler than that required for the process
described in my aforesaid specification.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
I FRANK CLARKE HILLS of the Chemical Works Deptford in the County of
Kent Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH THE TREATMENT OF GAS LIQUOR
FOR USE IN THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS" and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement-
My improvements in the treatment of gas liquor relate to the process described
in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date the 14th day
of March A.D. 1874 N° 934 by which process gas liquor was partially purified by
heating it in a still which still was connected to a scrubber through which the
crude gas liquor was passed downward on its way to the still in which it was
. beated and certain gases driven off from it which gases were passed upward through
the scrubber.
My present improvements on the said process are herein after described.
Instead of heating the gas liquor to be purified in a still and passing the gases
driven off from the said liquor into a scrubber I heat the gas liquor as it descends
in the scrubber the heat being applied at the lower part of the scrubber through
which the gas liquor descends. By this means the temperature of the gas liquor is
gradually raised as it descends in the scrubber and most of the sulphuretted
hydrogen. and carbonic acid and some ammonia are driven off from the heated
liquor which gases ascend in the scrubber the sulphuretted bydrogen and carbonic
acid passing from the scrubber at the upper part as described in the aforesaid
specification and the ammonia driven off, or the greater part thereof being absorbed
by the cool gas liquor in the upper part of the scrubber. Any ammonia not so
absorbed' may be removed from the sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid by
passing them through acid or through a water scrubber.

page_text: The gas liquor to be treated passes continuously into the scrubber at the upper
part and the heated purified liquor passes continuously from the scrubber at the
lower part.
The scrubber may be heated by means of steam coils or a steam case or steam
cases arranged in the lower part thereof or by means of steain passed direct into
the lower part of the scrubber from a steam boiler fed either with water or with a
portion of the hot purified liquor which runs out from the bottoin of the scrubber.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section of a scrubber in
which the gas liquor is heated by means of steam coils arranged in the lower part
of the scrubber and Figure 2 is a plan of one of the said coils shown separately.
In the said Figures 1 and 2 and in the other Figures of the accompanying drawings
the same letters and Figures of reference indicate the same parts.
a is the scrubber case bis the pipe by which the gas liquor to be treated is
conducted into the scrubber c is an apparatus similar to that described in the
specification of Letters Patent No 934 of 1874 by which apparatus the gas liquor
is distributed over the coke in the scrubber and d d are the coils through which
the steam passes. The coke in the upper part of the scrubber is supported by bars
arranged transversely in the scrubber case one of which bars is shown at e¹ and the
coils are supported by other bars e² e². f is the pipe by which the heated and
partially purified gas liquor passes from the scrubber which pipe is arranged at a
height of about one foot above the bottom of the scrubber in order that a portion
of the hot gas liquor may be retained in the lower part of the scrubber. f' is a pipe
by which the gases driven off from the gas liquor pass from the scrubber. One end
of each of the coils d d is connected to the boiler by which steam is supplied and
the steam or water of condensation passes from the coils at the other end thereof.
The passage of the steam through the coils is indicated by the arrows in Figure 2.
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section of the lower part of
a scrubber provided with a steam case for heating the gas liquor g¹ being the
steam case the pipe by which steam passes to the case and i the pipe by which
the steam or water of condensation passes therefrom. The space within the inner
shell of the steam case g' coinmunicites with the interior of the scrubber both at
the upper and lower part of the said case the communication at the upper part
being by means of the open upper end of the said shell and that at the lower part
being by means of the pipe 2 which is secured at one end in the inner shell of the
said steam case g and at the other end in the outer shell of the said case. Those
parts of the said Figure 3 and of the other Figures (hereinafter referred to) of the
accompanying drawings which correspond with parts of the Figures already
described are marked with similar letters of reference but the description of such
parts is not repeated.
Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section of the lower part of
a scrubber in which several steain cases are arranged for heating the gas liquor and
Figure 5 is a sectional plan of one of the steam cases the section being taken on
the line A Figure 4. are the said cases in the interior of each of which a
vertical diaphragm or partition 2 is arranged. are the pipes by which steam
enters the said cases and 2 are the pipes by which the steam or water of
condensation passes from them. The outer edge of the upper side of each of the
said cases is provided with a lip which ensures their upper surfaces being
constantly covered by the gas liquor descending in the scrubber. The steam passes
through the cases j¹ j' as indicated by the arrows in Figure 5.
Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section of the lower part
of a scrubber showing an arrangement for passing steam direct into the scrubber.
7 being the steam pipe through apertures in which the steam passes into the liquor
in the bottom of the scrubber.
The temperature within the scrubber should be such that the liquor passing
therefrom will be below boiling heat say about two hundred degrees Fahrenheit.
When the scrubber is heated by passing steam into coils or cases therein I heat
the water fed into the boiler which supplies the said steam by passing the hot

page_text: liquor through a worm or other suitable apparatus immersed in or in contact with
the water with which the boiler is supplied or I heat the liquor to be treated by
passing it through a worm immersed in the said hot liquor. The liquor to be
treated may be caused to pass through the worm by means of a pump or by being
supplied from a tank at a sufficiont elevation above the top of the scrubber.
In lieu of filling the scrubber with coke or other dividing media diaphragms or
trays may be arranged in the scrubber case over which diaphragms the liquor
passes in descending the scrubber.
Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section of the upper part of
a scrubber provided with diaphragms or trays marked m m. The said diaphragms
have lips or rims m' m' formed on their outer edges and the liquor in descending
the scrubber passes over each of the said trays and from one to the other as
shown.
By my improvements the cost of treating or purifying the gas liquor is reduced
and the apparatus required is much simpler than that required for the process
described in my aforesaid specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention of "Improvements in and connected with the treatment of gas liquor for
use in the purification of coal gas" and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed I wish it to be understood that although I have described certain forms
of apparatus which I have found to answer well in practice I do not limit myself
to the use of the particular forms of apparatus described nor to the use of any
special form of apparatus but I claim as my said Invention
The improvements herein before described_in_the_process-described-in-the-
-specification of my Patent No 934 of 1874 the said improvements consisting in
heating the gas liquor as it descends in the scrubber instead of heating it in a still
or separate vessel as described in my aforesaid Patent.