IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND TRITURATING Hard and otheER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugène Anduże, of Orleans, in the Department
of the Loiret, in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, for tho
Invention of " IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND TRITURATING
Hard and otheER SUBSTANCES.”
AND
Scaled the 18th September 1874, and dated the 8th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugène Anduze at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1874.
I, EUGÈNE ANDUZE, of Orleans, in the Department of the Loiret, in
the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby. declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND TRITURATING
HARD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus for crush-
ing, reducing, and triturating all kinds of substances of any size or
degree of hardness. This apparatus is of two kinds, the one being used
for breaking up the substances coarsely, and the other for reducing the
same to the degree of fineness desired.

page_text: The first apparatus is of simple and inexpensive construction and is
easily kept in order. It consists of a circular plate or disc mounted on
a horizontal shaft and slotted to receive steel cutters firmly secured
therein by means of keys. The cutters are equally spaced around the
disc so that they shall come successively into action. An equal number
of cutters project from both faces of the disc and at different distances
from the centre, the cutters acting alternately, that is to say, first
towards the right and then towards the left, and so on. On the periphery
of the disc are fixed steel ribbed projections which act as hammers or
crushers, and serve to reduce the larger pieces produced by the action of
the side faces of the disc on the substances to be broken up. The disc
shaft is mounted in bearings in a frame supporting a bed on which are
fixed plates having grooves or slots for the passage of the cutters and
the ribbed crushers or hammers.
The substances to be broken up or crushed are fed to the sides and
periphery of the disc by separate hoppers fixed immediately above the
steel bed plates above mentioned. The disc is rapidly rotated, means
being provided to prevent the slightest deviaton from its proper plane,
as otherwise the cutters or projections on the disc would strike the bed
plate instead of passing through the slots or grooves, and damage would
necessarily ensue. The substances having being broken coarsely in the
above machine, if necessary, are then still further reduced or triturated
in a mill constructed as follows :-
On a suitable base plate is bolted an upright to which is fixed a
circular plate whose centre serves as a bearing for one end of a horizontal
shaft, which is supported at its opposite end in another upright fixed on
the base plate. On the shaft is keyed a second or rotating plate, both it
and the stationary plate being faced with a cast-iron ring having con-
centric rings of pyramidal teeth which mesh with those of the other
plate. These discs which constitute the main feature of the machine
are made the one slightly concave and the other convex, and the
dimensions of the teeth decrease towards the circumference in such
manner that the inner rings of coarse teeth may first act on the sub-
stances to be reduced, which are fed in at the centre, and by the
centrifugal action are caused to pass successively through the finer
gradations of teeth, and thus become gradually ground to an impalpable
powder, which escapes at the circumference in a continuous stream and is

page_text: finally discharged at an outlet in a casing by which the discs arc
inclosed.
The rotating disc may be adjusted nearer or farther from the
stationary one, so that their action may be regulated to suit the sub-.
stances to be treated.
The machine works equally well turned in either direction. As the
inner circles of teeth which first act on the matters are more liable to
wear than the remainder, they are placed in groups of four of five
together at certain points of the circle, and when their angles on the
one side become blunted, the motion is reversed so as to bring their
opposite angles into wear; and when the angles of both the first and
last teeth of the group become worn in their turn those teeth are
removed, while the contiguous teeth whose angles have been protected,
so to speak, still remain serviceable.
The fixed disc is more liable to wear at one point than the revolving
disc, inasmuch as the substances introduced fall directly on to the bottom
teeth, which thus endure the hardest work; and to remedy this, the disc
may be shifted or turned round so as to wear it equally until it is
entirely worn out.
In order to reduce as much as possible the power required to drive
the apparatus, the groups of teeth on the inner circles are so placed as
not to act simultaneously.
When the triturator is intended to operate on substances which are
cither of too great length or size to be brought into immediate contact
with the toothed discs a steel cutter is bolted on the fixed plate at a
level with cach of the feed apertures; and the revolving disc is
similarly provided with two or three steel cutters, which when the
triturator is in action serve to cut up the substances before they pass to
the toothed discs.
0 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Eugène Anduze in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EUGÈNE
ANDUZE, of Orleans, in the Department of the Loiret, in the Republic of
5 France, Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: .
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Eugène Anduze, Her
special licence that I, the said Eugène Anduze, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Eugène Anduze,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR POUNDING AND TRITURATING HARD
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Eugène Anduze, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Eugène Anduze, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the three accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
-
This Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus for
pounding, reducing, and triturating all kinds of substances of any size
and degree of hardness. This apparatus is of two kinds, the first being|
used when necessary to prepare the substances. for being treated by the
second, the one breaking up the substance coarsely and the other
reducing the same to the degree of fineness desired.
The first apparatus is of simple and inexpensive construction and is
easily kept in order. It is principally adapted for crushing or pounding
stones, orės, and such like hard substances. It consists of a circular
plate or pounding disc mounted on a horizontal shaft and furnished on
its two faces as well as on its periphery with steel hammers or crushers

page_text: thic latter serveing to reduce the larger pieces produced by the action of
the side hammers. The disc shaft is mounted in a frame supporting a
bed on which are fixed plates having grooves or slots for the passage of
the hammers or crushers.
The substances to be broken up or crushed are fed to the sides and
periphery of the disc by separate hoppers fixed immediately above the
steel bed plates above mentioned. The disc is rapidly rotated and is so
fixed on its shaft that the slightest deviation from its proper plano is
prevented, as otherwise the hammers on the disc would strike and
damage the bed plate instead of passing through the slots or grooves.
The substances having been thus prepared if necessary are then tritu-
rated or ground to an impalpable powder in a mill of another description.
This mill is adapted to grind or triturate an infinite variety of substances,
both hard and soft, among which may be mentioned ores and other
minerals, coprolites, bones, grain, and seeds of all kinds, hoofs of
animals, cork for the manufacture of kamptulicon and linoleum,
feathers, and other similar substances.
This mill is a modification of the mill described in the Specification
for Letters Patent, 990, 1874, and consists of a pair of discs, one
fixed and the other rotating, mounted on a horizontal shaft, and each
faced with a ring having concentric circles of pyramidal teeth which
mesh with those of the other disc. The one toothed ring is slightly
concave and the other convex, and the dimensions of the teeth diminish
towards the circumference; the inner rings of coarse teeth first acting
on the substances to be triturated which are fed at the centre of the discs
and by centrifugal action are caused to pass successively through the
finer gradations of teeth, whereby they are gradually ground to an
impalpable powder which escapes at the circumference in a continuous
stream and is finally discharged at an outlet in the casing by which the
discs are enclosed.
.
The rotating discs may be adjusted nearer or farther from the
stationary one, so that their action may be regulated to suit the sub-
stances to be treated.
The machine works equally well turned in either direction, as the
inner circles of teeth which first act on the matters are more liable to
wear than the remainder; they are placed in groups of four or five
together at certain points of the circle, and when their angles on the one
side become blunted the motion is reversed so as to bring their opposite

page_text: angles into wear, and when the angles of both the first and last teeth of
the group become worn those teeth are chipped off or otherwise removed,
the adjacent teeth whose angles have been protected, so to speak, still
remaining serviceable.
The fixed disc is liable to wear unequally on account of the substances
introduced falling directly on to the teeth at the lower part of the disc
which thus endures the hardest work; and to remedy this the disc may
be shifted round so as to equalize the wear of the teeth, and a fan may
be introduced to equalize the distribution of the substances.
In order to reduce as much as possible the power required to drive
the apparatus, the groups of teeth on the inner circles are so placed as
not to act simultaneously.
When the triturator is intended to operate on substances which are
either of too great length or size to be brought into immediate contact
with the toothed discs, a steel cutter is bolted on the fixed plate at a
level with each of the feed apertures, and the revolving disc is similarly
provided with two or three steel cutters which when the triturator is in
action scrve to cut up the substances before they pass to the toothed
discs.

page_text: the hammers a, a, which are firmly fixed. therein by means of keys b.
They are equally spaced around the disc, as shown, so that they shall
come successively into action, and at regularly varying distances from
the centre so that no two of them pass consecutively through the same
groove in the bed plate. These hammers a are made to project at both
ends on either side of the disc A, and they are preferably shaped like a tool
for turning metal, as shown, although they may have squared ends if
desired. c are blocks made of steel projecting from the periphery of the
disc A around which they are disposed at suitable distances and in such
positions relatively to the hammers a as not to come into action at the
same instant as the latter, the blocks c being fixed in dovetailed grooves,
as shown. The projecting part of these blocks is formed into narrow ribs
which act as hammers or crushers, each passing through a separate slot
in the bed. E, E, F, are three steel plates fitted on a block or raised
part D' of the bed around one end of the opening in the bed in which
the disc revolves. These plates project inwards as close as may be
required to the face and periphery of the disc, and are made with
grooves or openings e, e, e, corresponding accurately to the form of the
projecting parts of the hammers a and c for the same to pass through,
the intervening projections being strengthened and supported, as shown,
by ribs f cast on the block D¹. The plates are secured to the block D¹
by set screws passing through slots I in the plates, whereby the latter
may be accurately adjusted as near the discs A as may be required.
These plates thus form gratings by which the materials to be crushed
are supported and presented to the action of the crushers or hammers.
G, G, are two side hoppers bolted on the bed by which the substances
are fed to the sides of the disc, and H is a third hopper by which the
substances after being subjected to the action of the side hammers a are
fed to the hammers or crushers c to be further reduced. It will be
noticed that the slots e in the end plate F are smaller than those of the
side plates.
Figure 8 shows an elevation, Figure 9 a longitudinal section, and
Figure 10 an end elevation of the improved mill constituting the second
part of this Invention.
Figure 11 is a fragment of one of the grinding rings; and Figure 12,
a cross section of the two rings showing how the teeth mesh together;
both these Figures being drawn to a larger scale. A is a circular plato
or disc fixed stationary on a support B rising from a suitable bed plate C.

page_text: The centre of this disc serves as a bearing for one end of a horizontal
shaft D which is supported at its other end in an upright E on the bed
plate. F is the other disc keyed on shaft D to rotate in proximity to
the stationary disc A, as shown. G, G, are grinding rings of cast iron or
cast steel with which plates A and F are faced, being secured thereto by
screws. The grinding surfaces of these rings are formed of concentric
circles of teeth of pyramidal or other form, as shown more clearly in
Figures 11 and 12. The teeth of the one disc run in V grooves between
the circles of teeth of the other disc, and the different circles of. teeth
are graduated in size and differently arranged; those of the innermost
circle being large or coarse and disposed in groups of three or four
alternated with spaces of corresponding size, those in the next and suc-
ceeding circles being arranged, as shown, and in various other ways.
The height of the teeth, and consequently the depth of the correspond-
´ing V grooves, is gradually diminished in each successive circle, the finer
teeth in the circles near the circumference having no vacant spaces
between them. The ends of the teeth are so inclined as to form with
those of the adjacent teeth V grooves or openings, all of which are
radii from the centre of the ring, as indicated in red lines at x, x,
Figure 11. These radial grooves or openings by which the substances
being ground pass from one circle of teeth to another gradually diminish
in width and depth as they approach the circumference of the ring, as
will be evident when it is observed that the teeth in the innermost
circles meet in an apex, whilst those in the outermost have a ridge
extending nearly their whole length. The whole of the teeth in cach
separate circle are exactly similar, so that the substances are grou
with perfect regularity. H is a screw by which to adjust the discs as
close together as desired. As the trituration is effected by the shear-like
action of the teeth as they run in between the adjacent circles of teeth
in the other disc, it is necessary that these should be made to mesh
together with the greatest possible precision. The discs are enclosed in
a suitable casing, not shown in the Drawing, by which the product
escaping at the circumference of the discs is collected and discharged at
a spout below.
、
111 124
The substances to be ground are fed by a hopper or hoppers (no
shown) to two apertures I, I, in the fixed plate A at either side of the
centre. In small machines a single aperture, in the plate at the uppe

page_text: the inside of the stationary disc A; on a level with each aperture L, L,
are similar cutters bolted on the revolving disc, which, with the fixed
cutter act as shears and cut up the substances if too large to be ground
by the toothed rings as above described.
When the cutters K, L, are not used I prefer to employ a fan com-
posed of two radial blades bolted to the revolving disc and projecting
within a short distance of the fixed plate for the purpose of keeping the
substances in motion and projecting them towards the grinding rings.
If desired both the discs A, F, may be made to rotate and run in reverse
directions.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, to
be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The pounding machine consisting mainly of a disc armed with
hammers on its two faces and on its periphery, arranged and acting as
described in combination with corresponding bed plates or gratings,
substantially as set forth.
2nd. In the improved triturating machine herein described I claim
facing a pair of discs with grinding rings, as shown, when the said rings
are formed with concentric circles of angular teeth, cach meshing in the
grooves of the other, the teeth being graduated and separated by radial
grooves or openings also graduated, substantially as herein shown and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eugéne Anduze, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-