IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM IN ENGINES, FOR APPLYING STEAM FOR MOTIVE-POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Fraser Selby, of Surbiton, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR THE
GENERATION OF STEAM IN ENGINES, FOR APPLYING STEAM FOR MOTIVE-POWER
Sealed the 17th June 1862, and dated the 21st December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fraser Selby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1861.
I, FRASER SBLBY, of Surbiton, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR THE
GENERATION OF STEAM IN ENGINES, FOR APPLYING STEAM FOR MOTIVE-POWER PURPOSES,
AND IN WHEELS AND WAYS FOR STEAM CARRIAGES TO RUN ON," to be as follows:-
The first part of my improvements relates to the construction of the boiler
or generator, by which steam is very rapidly made; I call the boiler a multi-
tubular coil" boiler, the coils are of small diameter, and fixed vertically, and
take the place of ordinary straight boiler tubes when vertically fixed; the shell
of the boiler may be of any convenient form, and may be double cased to
form water spaces. The water passes through the coil tubes, and the fire acts
outside around them. Further, for a circular or other vertical boiler, the
steam is collected in a dome, a separate part from the boiler, through which
the gases from the furnace pass, by means of a number of vertical tubes
placed in the dome into the stack, whereby the steam becomes superheated.
The second part relates to the cylinders when used of different diameters,

page_text: with expansion, and with or without condensation; I place the small cylinder,
into which the steam first enters, within a larger cylinder, which larger cylinder
is therefore an aunular cylinder, and these two are placed (if desired) in a
still larger cylinder which would also be an annular cylinder. The valves can
be arranged as desired, either with a single valve rod and single eccentric, or
with separate rods and eccentrics, also the cranks may be opposite or in the
same line, and one crank may be used as found most convenient.
The third part relates to the transmission of motion from the crank axle
to the driving axle where gearing is used specially applicable to paddle wheel
steamers, traction and locomotive engines. The driving axle being much
subject to vibration is made into two shafts, that is, is divided in the centre, the
inner ends are hung on swivel or ball bearings, whereby the shaft is allowed
to move in one direction, both up and down; the guard wheels hang over the
centre of these bearings and being geared into a pinion or wheel on the crank
axle can never get out of gear or cross the teeth, one fitting into the other,
the face of the wheels being convex and concave according to the radius taken
from the swivel bearings and the diameter of the wheels. The other ends
of these half shafts are fixed as is usual and kept in their places by springs,
The fourth part relates to the wheels of locomotive and traction engines,
and the tramway for them to run on. The rim of the wheel is made an
inverted shape, with or without flat side rims, so as to run on a tramway
or not, the rails are in the form of tubes, wrought or cast iron, or of a half
circle, by which means the engine will gain more tractive power than with
ordinary flat rails.
Where no tramways are used I fix a flange on both or either side of the
wheel, which may be called a flange wheel of smaller diameter than the other
part of the rim, so that when the engine runs over soft ground, it will bear
on the flanges, as well as on the wheels.
And lastly, I fix on the rim of the wheel, at convenient distances apart,
plates in the form of horse-shoes to give greater power to the forward
motion of the engine, and thereby prevent slipping.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the. Letters Patent, filed
by the said Fraser Selby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
. June 1862..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Fraser Selby, Her special licence that I, the said Fraser Selby,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Fraser
Selby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Chaunel
Islands, and Isle of Man,an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, FOR
THE GENERATION OF STEAM IN ENGINES, FOR APPLYING STEAM FOR MOTIVE-
POWER PURPOSES, AND IN WHEELS AND WAYS FOR STEAM CARRIAGES TO RUN ON,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Fraser Selby, myexecutors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said fraser Selby, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
The first part of my improvements relates to the construction of the boiler
or generator, by which steam is very rapidly made. I call the boiler "a multi-
tubular coil boiler. The coils are of small diameter and fixed vertically, and
take the place of ordinary straight boiler tubes when vertically fixed. The
shell of the boiler may be of any convenient form, and may be double cased
to form water spaces. The water passes through the coil tubes, and the fire
acts outside around them. Further, for a circular or other vertical boiler, the
steam is collected in a dome, a separate part from the boiler, through which
the gases from the furnace pass, by means of a number of vertical tubes placed
in the dome into the stack, whereby the steam becomes superheated.
Figure 1, of the accompanying Drawings, is a sectional elevation of a boiler
constructed according to my Invention, and fitted with a superheater; Figure 2
is a section of the superheater, through the line 1, 2, of Figure 1; Figure 3
is a section of the boiler through the line 3, 4, of the same Figure; Figure 4

page_text: is a sectional elevation of a boiler, suitable either for stationary or marine
purposes; Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through the line B, C, of the
same; Figure 6 is a horizontal section through the line A, B, of Figure 5;
and, Figure 7 is a view, on an enlarged scale, of three tubes coiled together
according to my Invention, in order to illustrate how two, three, or more
tubes may be coiled together instead of each tube being coiled and fixed
separately, as before shown. This arrangement is particularly applicable to
small circular boilers, where there is not space to fix a set of 3, 4, or more
single coils.
a is the fire-box; b, b, are the coiled tubes set up vertically above the fire
box, and through which water from the boiler is free to circulate; c is the
inner shell of the boiler, and d is the outer shell thereof; e is the water space
between the inner and outer shells; f is the steam space which is in communi-
cation with the boiler by means of tubes h, k, and whereby steam is conveyed
to the superheater; k, k, are the tubes in the superheater, and g is the
chimney.
The second part of my Invention relates to the cylinders when used of
different diameters with expansion, and with or without condensation. I place
the small cylinders, into which the steam first enters, within a larger cylinder,
which larger cylinder is therefore an annular cylinder, and these two are
placed (if desired) in a still larger cylinder, which would also be an annular
cylinder. The valves can be arranged, as desired, either with a single valve
rod and single eccentric or with separate rods and eccentrics; also the cranks
may be opposite or in the same line, and one crank may be used as found
most convenient. Or the cranks may be at right angles.
Figure 8 shows, in vertical section, the cylinders fitted in this manner; also
an arrangement for the valves when the piston rods are all connected together
by a cross head, and thence on to the connecting rod and one crank.
Figure 9, shows the arrangment of valve I prefer when three cranks are
used, videlicit, two connected with the annular cylinder, and one to the small
high pressure cylinder piston rod. The two former cranks may either be
placed in exactly opposite directions to the one crank of the small cylinder,
or at right angles or any other angle to it.
Figure 10 shows an arrangement in which two valves are employed; this
plan is suitable either foran engine with one crank, the pistons being connected
by a cross head as at Figure 8, or it is suitable for the arrangements of cranks
described at Figure 9. The valve rods may either be worked by separate and
distinct eccentrics, or may be connected by a cross head, as shown in dotted
lines, and worked by the same eccentric or eccentrics. The advantage of this

page_text: plan is that the setting or cut off of the valves for each or either cylinder my
be altered at pleasure by any of the usual methods.
Figure 11 is a section of the cylinders through the line A; Figure 12 is a
plan of the valve of the cylinders, Figure 8; Figure 13 is a plan of the valve
of the cylinders, Figure 9.
A is the small high-pressure cylinder. is the piston, and a¹ the piston rod
thereto; B is the annular expansion or low-pressure cylinder; b is the piston,
and 61, 61, are the piston rods; c, c, are the passages from the valve to the
high-pressure cylinder (which may be connected either with pipes, as shown
in Figures8 and 9,or passages may be cast in the cover,as shewn in Figure10)
d, d, are the passages to the low-pressure cylinder B; e is the exhaust port.
Thus the steam which enters the high-pressure cylinder A through the
passages c,c,is alternately conveyed back through the same passages into the
low-pressure cylinder B, B, and finally to the exhaust port e.
Instead of one small cylinder, two may be employed, in which case the
piston rod of the large cylinder is fixed in the centre of the large piston and
worked on the middle crank; the piston rods of the two small cylinders are
connected to the two outer cranks. Two piston rods may also be used instead
of three, by placing the small inside cylinder at the side instead of in the middle
of the large cylinder. For economy, these cylinders should be steam cased in
the usual manner.
The third part of my Invention relates to the transmission of motion from
the crank axle to the driving axle, where gearing is used specially applicable
to paddle wheel steamiers, traction and locomotive engines. The driving axle
being much subject to vibration is made into two shafts, that is, is divided in
the centre, the inner ends are hung on swivel or ball bearings, whereby the
shaft is allowed to move in one direction, both up and down; the geared wheels
hang over the centre of these bearings, and being geared into a pinion or
wheel on the crank axle can never get out of gear or cross the teeth, one
fitting into the other, the face of the wheels being convex and concave
according to the radius taken from the swivel bearings, and the diameter of
the wheels. The other ends of these half shafts are fixed as is usual, and kept
in their places by springs.
Figure 14 shews in sectional elevation, and Figure 15 in plan, this part of
my Invention applied to a traction engine; Figure 16 is a transverse section
of the same. a, a, is the boiler supported by the frame b, b; c is the water tank
suspended from the frame; d, d, are the driving wheels; d,d,are the springs
of the same; e is the steering or guide wheel, and e' is its spring; ff, are the
axles of the driving wheels divided in two parts; ff, are the clutches of the

page_text: driving wheels; 9, 9, are the journals and axle-boxes of the driving wheels;
g, gl, are plates or guides of axle-boxes; h, h, are the journals at the end of
axles; k, l, are their rocking bearings; k, k¹, are the outer journals of the
rocking bearings; l,l, are the bearings or supports of the rocking bearings ;
m is a bracket supporting the rocking bearings; n, n, are cog-wheels with
convex rim, keyed on the axles f,f; P, P, are pinions with concave rim fixed
on the small shaft R, R, and working into the convex cog-wheels n, n. The
small shaft R, R, is supported on the bearings s, s, and has cranks t, t, fixed
to it, which are connected in the usual way by rods and guides to the
cylinders v, v.
Figures 17 and 18 show the same principle, but arranged with a ball-joint
or journal. a is the ball-joint or journal at the end of the axle f; b is the
bearing of the ball; c is the bracket supporting bearing; n, cog-wheel with
convex rim, and P, pinion with concave rim. The springs for the driving
wheels may, if desired, be placed below the axles instead of above them, or a
single spring may be used fixed parallel with and below the driving axle,
instead of at right angles thereto.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to the wheels of locomotive and
traction engines, and the tramway for them to run on. The rim of the wheel
is made of an inverted V shape, with or without flat side rims, so as to run on
a tramway or not; the rails are in the form of tubes of wrought or cast iron,
or of a half circle, by which means the engine will gain more tractive power
than with ordinary flat rails Where no tramways are usel, I fix a flange
on both or either side of the wheel, which may be called a flange wheel, of
smaller diametr than the other part of the rim, so that when the engine runs
over soft ground it will bear on the flanges as well as on the wheels,and lastly,
I fix on the rim of the wheel,at convenient distances apart, plates, by preference
in the form of horse-shoes, to give greater power to the forward motion of the
engine, and thereby prevent slipping.
Figures 19, 20, 21, 22, are views of wheels for traction engines constructed
according to my Invention. Figure 19 shows a wheel having flanges a, b, on
each side; Figure 20 shows a wheel with a flange c only on one side;
Figures 21 and 22 are views of a wheel having irregular shaped pieces of iron
or other metal fixed round the rim to prevent slipping. In this case pieces of
iron,similar to the shape of a horse-shoe, are shown; Figure 23 shows a wheel
suitable for a locomotive or traction engine,capable also of running on tram-
ways Figures 24, 25, 26, 27, are views of rails or tramways of cast or
wrought iron; and, Figure 28 shows a portion of a rail or tramway formed
of wrought-iron tubes.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, Ideclare what I claim as my "Improve-
ments in Boilers for the Generation of Steam in Engines, for Applying Steam
for Motive-power Purposes, and in Wheels and Ways for Steam Carriages to
run on,"-
First, the construction of multi-tubular coil boilers,substantially in manner
herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Second, the employment in steam engines of cylinders of differentdiameters,
one cylinderbeing placed inside a larger and annularcylinderor cylinders with
the valves and valve rods arranged in manner herein-before described and
illustrated at Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third, the method of transmitting motion from a crank axle to the driving
wheel, where gearing is used, herein-before described and illustrated at
Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, the construction of wheels for locomotive and traction engines with
the tramway for them to run on,substantiallyin manner herin-before described
with reference to Figures 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Fraser Selby, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-two.
FRASER SELBY. (L.B.)