IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, HEATING, AND COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lewtas, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Lamp Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
LIGHTING, HEATING, AND COOKING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 9th September 1876, and dated the 6th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lewtas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1876.
JOHN LEWTAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Lamp Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, HEATING, AND COOKING PURPOSES."
My Invention with reference to lighting consists in the improvements herein-after
stated on the lamps described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and
bearing date 24th July 1871, No. 1942.
In my present Invention the burner or chamber in which the wick is enclosed is
constructed in such a manner as to cause an increased supply of air to the said
chamber during combustion, such supply of air being caused to enter the said
chamber in divided streams through apertures suitably arranged and distributed.
For this purpose a gallery is formed, round the upper surface of which are arranged
a series of tubes or inlets for air, and the globe, by resting on these tubes, admits
air under it in the interstices between the tubes; the bottom of the said gallery is
also formed by wire gauze or perforated metal, through which air is admitted to
the above-named chamber. The top of the chamber is dome-shaped and elliptical,
with a central oblong aperture over the wick through which the flame issues. The
chamber at the top of the oil vessel is narrowed at its upper part, thereby affording
larger access of air through the wire gauze. In this chamber is formed an opening
through which oil may be supplied to the vessel; this opening is covered by a slide,
by withdrawing which air may be admitted to the chamber if required. The globe
has an opening at the bottom to fit on to the gallery, on which it is secured as
required; it is also flat at the bottom and narrowed upwards, and it may be either
circular, elliptical, or other suitable form in horizontal section.
When my Invention is applied to heating purposes the burner is increased in
size in order to produce a flame of the required dimensions, the globe being corre-
spondingly increased in size, and made of metal to form a chamber or chambers
to receive a coil or otherwise. In some cases the globe may be dispensed with and
the wick tube surrounded by an outer tube, leaving a space between them for air
Prica Gd

page_text: to pass upward, and also forming an outlet for waste oil. The top of the wick tube
is dished or turned outwards, and the ends of the aperture are curved or bevilled to
suit the size of the burner. The wick tube is similarly formed when used for lamps.
The apparatus so constructed is applicable to various purposes for heating and
cooking.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Lewtas in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd January 1877.
JOHN LEWTAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Lamp Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, HEATING, AND COOKING PURPOSES."
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Lighting, Heating, and Cooking
Purposes" consists with reference to lighting in the improvements herein-after
stated on the lamps described. in the Specification of a Patent granted to me and
bearing date Twenty-fourth July One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one,
No. 1942.
In my present Invention the burner or chamber in which the wick is enclosed is
constructed in such a manner as to cause an increased supply of air to the said
chamber during combustion, such supply of air being caused to enter the said cham-
ber in divided streams through apertures suitably arranged and distributed. For
this purpose a gallery is formed, round the upper surface of which are arranged a
series of tubes or inlets for air, and the globe by resting on these tubes admits air
under it in the interstices between the tubes; the bottom of the said gallery is also
formed by wire gauze or perforated metal, through which air is admitted to the above-
named chamber. The top of the chamber is dome-shaped and elliptical, with a cen-
tral oblong aperture over the wick, through which the flame issues. The chamber
at the top of the oil vessel is narrowed at its upper part, thereby affording larger
access of air through the wire gauze. In this chamber is formed an opening through
which oil may be supplied to the vessel; this opening is covered by a slide by with-
drawing which air may be admitted to the chamber if required. The globe has an
opening at the bottom to fit on to the gallery, on which it is secured as required; it
is also flat at the bottom and narrowed upwards, and it may be either circular,
elliptical, or of other suitable form in horizontal section.
When my Invention is applied to heating purposes the burner is increased in size
in order to produce a flame of the required dimensions, the globe being correspond-
ingly increased in size, and made of metal to form a chamber or chambers to receive
a coil or otherwise. In some cases the globe may be dispensed with, and the wick.
tube surrounded by an outer tube, leaving a space between them for the air to pass
upward, and also forming an outlet for waste oil. The top of the wick tube is dished
or turned outwards, and the ends of the aperture are curved or bevilled to suit the
size of the burner. The wick tube is similarly formed when used for lamps.
The apparatus so constructed is applicable to various purposes for heating and
cooking.
In order however that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe it more particularly with reference to the accom-
panying Drawings, in which are represented the parts of a lamp above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view of the burner, Fig. 2 is a side elevation, Fig. 3
a transverse section, and Fig. 4 an underneath plan of the same. Fig. 5 is an
elevation shewing the burner and globe on a reduced scale, the latter being in section.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 shew in plan, elevation, and underneath plan the globe on a
scale corresponding with Fig: 5, and Figures 9, 10, 11, are similar views of a
differently shaped globe. In these several Figures the same letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: A is the burner or chamber in which the wick is enclosed, and which is con-
structed in such a manner as to cause a plentiful supply of external air to the
said chamber during combustion, such supply of air being caused to enter the said
chamber in divided streams through various apertures arranged and distributed
as herein-after described. For this purpose a gallery B is formed for the globe C
to rest upon, the fastenings for which (shewn at D, D,) are inside, thereby giving
the globe or chamber freedom to expand as required when heated to prevent
breakage. Around the upper surface of the gallery B are arranged a series of
tubes or inlets for air E, E, and the globe by resting on these tubes admits air
under it through the interstices F, F, between the tubes. The bottom G of the
gallery is also formed by wire gauze or perforated metal, through which air is
admitted to the wick chamber. This bottom G is hinged so as to allow of its
being let down, as shewn in Fig. 3, in order to light or obtain a light from the
burner without removing any part of the same. The top of the chamber is dome-
shaped and elliptical; with a central oblong aperture H over the wick, through
which the flame issues. The chamber at the top of the oil vessel is narrowed at
its upper part, as shewn in Fig. 3, thereby affording larger access of air through the
wire gauze G.
In this chamber is formed an opening I, through which oil may
be supplied to the oil container at the bottom of the chamber A, such oil container
not being shewn in the Drawing. The opening I is covered by a slide K, by
withdrawing which air may be admitted to the chamber if required, thereby
keeping the burner perfectly cool; L, L, are pinions by means of which the wick
may be raised and lowered as required by turning the spindle M. The top of
the wick tube is dished or turned outwards, and the ends of the aperture through
which the wick emerges from the tube are curved or bevilled to suit the size of
the burner. The said aperture can be covered when required by drawing a plate
over it by means of a handle N, Fig. 2, to prevent vapour arising from the oil
container when not burning. The globe C has an opening at the bottom to fit on
to the gallery B, on which it is secured as before described in such a manner as to
give freedom for its expansion and prevention of breakage; it is also flat at the
bottom and narrowed upwards, as shewn in Figures 5, 7, and 10, and in horizontal
section, it may be either circular as at Fig. 6, or elliptical as at Fig. 9, or of other
suitable form.
From the foregoing description it will be evident that the lamp is so constructed
as to afford a flame of increased size and brilliant illuminating power, regulated
by an abundant supply of air to the flame, so as to support and quicken the
combustion, deodorize the oil, and economize the quantity consumed, in proportion
to the size of the flame, thereby rendering the lamp suitable for burning with
safety heavy mineral oils of great specific gravity, also lighter oils, spirits, naphtha,
or gasoline, either with or without a glass globe.
When my Invention is applied to heating purposes, the burner above described
is increased in size in order to produce a flame of the required dimensions, the
globe being correspondingly increased in size, and made of metal to form a chamber
or chambers adapted to receive a coil or otherwise, according to the special purpose
to which it is applied. In some cases, the globe may be dispensed with, and the
wick tube surrounded by an outer tube, leaving a space between them for air to
pass upward, and also forming an outlet for waste oil.
The lamp or apparatus so constructed is applicable to various purposes for
heating and cooking by combining therewith the vessels or apparatus adapted for
such purposes.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my Invention
is
First. The lamp or apparatus adapted for lighting purposes and constructed with
provision for the adequate supply of air in order to ensure perfect combustion, and
with the means of producing flames of large size and brilliant illuminating power,
as herein-before described.

page_text: And Secondly. The same apparatus adapted for heating and cooking purposes,
by increasing the size of the burner and combining therewith suitable vessels or
apparatus for such purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lewtas, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM JACKSON,
31, King William Street, Salford,
Foreman.
JOHN LEWTAS. (L.S.)