Improvements in and relating to Elastic Tyres for Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in and relating to Elastic Tyres for Vehicles.
I, ELEAZER KEMPSHALL, of 21, Durant Street, Newton, County of Middlesex,
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has for its object the production of a cushioned pneumatic tyre,
and consists in the novel features of construction and relative arrangement of
parts hereinafter fully described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in
which:-
Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a tyre made in accordance with my
invention.
Figure 2 represents a cross-sectional view of the tyre on the line 2-2 of
Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a cross-sectional view of the tyre on line 3. 3 of
Figure 1.
Figure 4 represents a cross-sectional view of a tyre on line 4-4 of
Figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a perspective view of a form of my improved tyre especially
adapted for automobiles.
Figure 6 represents a cross-sectional view of the same on line 6-6 of
Figure 5.
Figure 7 represents a cross-sectional view of the automobile tyre on line 7-7 of
Figure 5.
Figure 8 represents a cross-sectional view on the line 8-8 of Figure 5.
Referring to the drawings, 1, represents a cushioned pneumatic tyre constructed
in accordance with my invention. As shown, the tyre has a general oval shape and
a flat inner face 2, to bear upon the complemental flat face of a rim 3, of a
wheel. Any force, tending to give said tyre a sidewise movement, is opposed
by plates or flanges 4, upon said rim and the said opposing faces of the tyre and
the rim. The broad flat bearing surface of the tyre and rim serve to maintain
the tyre in position and also to serve as lever-arms through which the tyre works.
to resist a sidewise force tending to rock the tyre.
This construction of the inner face of the tyre, together with the flanges serves
not only to maintain the tyre on the rim in proper position but to keep the tyre
from being rocked out of position by the heavy strain or blows to which vehicle
tyres are subjected.
Lugs 5, having ribs 6, are built in to the inner wall of the tyre and protrude
out of the inner flat faces of the tyre, as shown in Figures 1 and 4.
The wheel

page_text: rim is formed with openings to receive the lug and its rib. Bolts 49 are passed
through the rim into the lugs in order to more firmly bind the tyre to the wheel
rim when any additional means of this sort are desired. The rib on the lug by
its engagement with a complemental recess in the rim serves to keep the lug
from being twisted in the tyre by the bolt. In place of these lugs, may use
rubber ribs projecting from the inner face of the tyre and resting in complemental
grooves in the face of the wheel rim. I have shown one such rib at 7, in
Figure 1, the number of ribs or lugs employed being a matter of degree and not
requiring further illustration.
While I have shown a tyre having a flat inner face, I do not wish to be under-
stood as limiting my invention to such a form of my cushioned pneumatic tyre,
since the tyre may be made, and for some uses would be made, round in cross-
section and without any flat inner face. The flat inner face form I prefer for
the reason that the flat face aids in keeping the tyre in place upon the wheel,
and in this form the several joints and wrappings of the fabric can be applied
on the flat faced side of the tyre, where they are not subjected to that degree of
stress and strains, the balance of the tyre is subjected to, as will be evident by
an inspection of Figures 2, 3 and 4, the inside base of the tyre resting in and
being held by a form composed of the rim 3, and flanges 4, of the wheel.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, my cushioned pneumatic tyre, as shown,
consists of an endless tube 5, and a valve stem 6*, formed as parts of one unitary,
integral structure, the walls forming the air-chamber of the tube being continued
to form the walls of the air-passage of the valve-stem. The tube and valve-stem
are each what are termed "built up" structures that are made by superimposed
multiple layers of required material, instead of being built of one layer, whereby
the strength and durability and efficiency of the structure is largely increased.
The tube 5*, is composed of an inner member, an outer member and a cushion
tube of sponge rubber which acts as a cushion to the tyre. While other compounds
of rubber and sulphur may be employed for this purpose, yet in practice, I have
found that sponge rubber gives better results in that it not only yields inwardly,
but also laterally, thereby cushioning the effect of blows upon the tyre, as well
as the effect of strains due to pressure.
The air-chamber 60 is formed by a layer of rubber 7; 8 represents a tube of
thin fabric surrounding the layer of rubber 7. 9 represents a tube of rubber
surrounding and secured to the tube 8.
10 represents a multiple-ply tube of
fabric, here shown as consisting of five plies, although the number may be
varied, depending upon the strength of the material employed. The tube or
backing 10 is arranged about and secured to the tube of rubber 9. The parts 7,
8, 9 and 10 form together the air tube of the tyre, the fabric backing 20 serving
to protect the air-tube against injury from without and also serving to limit the
extent to which the tube can be pushed outwardly at any point by pressure. Pre-
ferably the air-chamber in my cushioned pneumatic tyre is relatively small in
diameter, in ordinary cases, in the vicinity of an inch. This reduces as far as
practicable the element of defect in the wall of the air-tube, and by means of
the built-up construction of the backing 10, the rubber tube 7, is forced by
the pressure of air to a uniform cylinder, to wit: the inner wall of the fabric-
backing 10, thus avoiding the condition of affairs that has produced the bursting
of the air tubes in tyres prior to my invention. That is to say, when an air-tube
is not provided with a fabric-backing, and a weak spot exists in the rubber of
the air tube, when pressure is applied it forces this weak spot in the rubber out
and the pressure concentrates at this point, bursting the air-chamber.
The cushion 12, of sponge rubber, as shown, is arranged about the fabric-
backing 10. 13 represents a multiple-ply tube of fabric arranged about and
secured to the sponge rubber cushion 12. The number of plies composing the
tube 13 will depend upon the strength and thickness of the material employed.
Splices of the several fabric-tubes are made on the inner side, and some pieces
(see Figure 4) of fabric are inserted in the outer tube 13, in order to fill out the

page_text: tube on the inside in a flat forın.
14 represents a facing of rubber applied and
secured to the fabric tube 13. The precise form given the tyre is obtained by
means of the faces of the mould.
The air-tube or valve stem 6*, is composed of a core 15, which forms a continua-
tion of the tube 9, as shown. The core 15 is formed with an air-passage 16, which
forms a continuation of the air chamber 60 of the tyre. Surrounding and secured
to the core 15, is a multiple-ply tube of fabric 17, certain plies of this tube being
extended as at 18, into and anchored to the interior of the tube 9, (see Figure 2)
in order to more securely bind the several parts of the tyre together. 18x repre-
sents a facing of rubber surrounding and connected to the fabric backing 17 said
facing of rubber forming a continuation of the several layers of rubber com-
prising the tube.
In practice, the tyre and tube are built up together out of green stock and
vulcanized into one unitary integral structure. The tyre is protected from
puncture by a double fabric tube, and the required resiliency is given the tyre
by means of the sponge rubber cushion and the chamber 60. The cushion 12,
further serves to allow movement of the tubes 10 and 13, in opposite directions
laterally, as well as longitudinally, produced by pressure on the tyre when in
use.
The valve-stem, it will be seen, is firmly anchored to the air-tube, and is an
integral part of the same, and the air-passage of the valve-stem is protected by
a fabric backing, the wall of said air-passage forming an integral extension of
the tube 9, while the rubber forins a part of the wall of the air-chamber 60 of
the tube. Furthermore, the fabric 17, of the stem is so embedded in and anchored
to the structure of the tube that any pull upon the stem is resisted by the fabric
and the core or wall 15, of the air-passage 16, is relieved from strain and protected
from injury.
The fabric employed in making my described tyre
strong fabric treated with rubber in the usual way.
and the tubes of rubber being arranged as shown and
fabric and of the tube unites.
consists of cotton or other
The several plies of fabric
vulcanized, the rubber of the
The particular arrangement of the plies may be variously modified without
departing from the spirit and scope of my invention which includes a cushioned
pneumatic tyre, that is to say, a pneumatic tyre having a tube of sponge rubber
or equivalent material interposed between and connected to the inner tube or air-
chamber of the tyre and the outer tube or wear-cover of the tyre.
The tyre is put on the rim by first inflating said tyre, removing the nut on the
end of the bolt 44, which ties the side plates 4, to the rim, and taking off one of
said side plates and then inserting the tyre in place on the rim, and bolting its
lugs to the rim and then replacing the side plate.
While my invention is particularly adapted for pneumatic tyre, yet I do not
wish to be understood as limiting my invention to such form, since it may be
embraced in and cover other forms of tyre where the central space or member
is filled more or less completely with rubber or other material, instead of air.
Since in both forms, that is, the form in which there is an air-chamber and
the form in which there is no air-chamber, so far as the fabric tubes are concerned.
each form is composed of an inner yielding member having a fabric-backing
an outer wear member supported on the fabric-backing and a cushion-tube of
sponge rubber arranged between and connected to the inner and outer members.
Referring to Figures 5, 67 and 8, of the drawings, 40, represents a tyre con-
structed in accordance with my invention, particularly adapted to heavy vehicles.
As shown, said tyre is composed of the tube 41, and the valve-stein 42, the latter
forming an integral extension of the former. The tyre as shown, has a general
oval shape in cross-section and a flat inner face 43, adapted to fit upon the flat
iron tyre 44, of the wheel rim 45. 46 represents flanges secured to the rim 45
of the wheel by bolts 47. 48 represents lugs secured to or built into the inner
face of the tyre. These lugs 48 are centrally apertured to receive a bolt 49, which

page_text: passes through the rim of the wheel and thus binds the tyre to the rim. Said
lugs are also provided with a lateral extension 5C, that fits in a corresponding
recess in the iron tyre 44*. The extension 50 prevents the lug 48, from being
twisted by the bolt. In practice, the iron tyre 44*, and the wood-rim 45, are bored
suitably to receive the lugs 48, with their extensions 50, the said lugs being of
sufficient length to pass into the iron tyre 44*, but there is no occasion for its
passing into the wood rim 15. Instead of said lugs, I may employ projections 51,
of rubber made to fit in corresponding recesses of the rim of the wheel. These
lugs while a useful adjunct, are not indispensable and may be omitted, if desired,
the purpose of the lugs being simply to prevent creeping.
In placing my tyre on the wheel one of the flanges 46, is removed, the tyre is
sprung upon the rim, and the flange 46, replaced and fastened. In placing the
tyre on the rim, care is taken to have the lugs, when such are employed, register
with the holes of the rim. After the tyre is in position just described, the
bolts 49, are inserted and the tyre inflated. By this construction, it will be seen
that the tyre is firmly secured in place, the broad, flat face of the tyre resisting
any force tending to rock the tyre out of its seat, while the flanges 46, resist
any force tending to slide the tyre out of its seat. The location of the lugs,
when lugs are employed at the point I have indicated, to wit; at the middle of
the inner face, reduces to a minimum the strain of these lugs on the tyre, since
there is the least possible motion of the tyre at the center of its inner face.
The tube 41, referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, is shown as made up of a
series of superimposed plies of fabric and rubber, and in a word comprises an
interior member or air-chamber, an exterior envelope and a compound cushion
of sponge rubber that is arranged between the air chamber and the exterior
envelope. The air chamber is represented by 70. 71 is a tube of rubber forming
the inner lining of the air chamber. 72 is a layer of thin fabric, surrounding the
rubber 71. 73 is a tube of rubber superimposed and connected to the fabric
tube 72. 74 represents a multiple-ply tube of fabric superimposed upon the rubber
tube 73. The tubes 71, 72, 73, 74 form one member of the tyre and together con-
stitute the wall of the air chamber 70.
The rubber tube 73, is, as shown, extended to form the core 81 of the valve
stem, said core having an air passage 80, that communicates with the air
chamber 70. The core 81, is backed up and surrounded by a multiple tube of
fabric 82, one or more of the plies of the fabric tube 82 being extended for an
appreciable distance into and anchored to the material of the tube 73. 83 repre-
sents a facing of rubber applied to the fabric tube 82, said facing constituting
an extension of the tube 73, and being integral with and connected to the super-
imposed parts of the structure hereinafter described. The air chamber 70, is
relatively small, being ordinarily only about an inch in diameter. These chambers
are required to carry a large air pressure, varying from 100 to 150 pounds to the
square inch. Making the chamber small reduces materially the proportion of
chances of bad places in the wall of the air chamber, and by providing said air-
chamber with a relatively rigid backing of fabric, I avoid one of the principal
defects that has caused the bursting of air chambers heretofore; that is to say,
prior to my invention, the rubber tubes of the air chamber have not been pro-
vided with fabric backing, so that weak spots in the tube were immediately pressed
out by the air chamber in the form of nipples, the whole pressure practically
concentrating at that point and causing the bursting of the tube. By my inven-
tion, the chance of defective places in the tube is greatly reduced, and at the
same time I form about the tube a supporting backing of fabric which limits
the outward movement of the tube to a predetermined surface and prevents the
air from forcing the material of the tube beyond a predetermined point, so that
I am enabled to subject these tubes to great pressure, the strain of the pressure
being resisted by the fabric backing, and the rubber being permitted to do only
its proper work; that is to say, resist the passage of the air. The fabric backing 82,
of the stem protects the core 81, of the latter from strains due to the pressure

page_text: of the air upon the valves secured to the end of the stem in the usual way, said
pressure in the class of tyres described, resulting in a pull on the air tube in the
vicinity of four pounds. This continual pull of the air on the valves stem soon
separates it from the tube and causes leaks. The fabric backing, as shown, is
extended down to the interior of the tube and anchored in the interior of the
rubber tube 73, while the rubber facing 83, of the valve constitutes a continuation
of the material of the tube 73, and of the outer rubber tubes hereinafter described,
the said rubber being bound and vulcanized together.
It results from this con-
struction that any strain upon the valve stem is borne by the fabric backing 82,
thus leaving the wall of the air chamber 80, free, and in condition to do its
proper work, to wit; to stop the passage of air.
By my invention, the air tube, the valve stem, as well as the rest of the tyre,
are built together of green stock and vulcanized into an integral structure instead
of being made and vulcanized separately, as heretofore.
The outer enclosing envelope of the tyre comprises a facing 90, connected to
and vulcanized upon a heavy fabric backing, 91, composed of a plurality of plies;
preferably, the fabric of this backing is of duck. The several plies of this fabric
are wound about the tube and the ends joined or spliced on the inner side of the
tube, thus keeping the exterior or wear side of the tube of uniform
strength. The inner face of the facing 90, is formed flat as at 92,
in order to rest upon the wheel rim; one or more extra short pieces of fabric 93,
are built in the tyre on its inner face between the layers of the tube 91, which
adds somewhat to the strength of the tyre and also assists in the construction of
the flat face of the tyre. 94, 95 and 96 constitute a compound cushion interposed
between and connected to the opposing faces of the fabric backing 91 and 74.
This compound cushion is composed of a multiple-ply tube 95 of heavy fabric,
such as duck, a tube of sponge rubber 94, connected to the inner face of said fabric
tube 95, and a tube of sponge rubber 96, connected to the outer face of said
fabric tube 95. In constructing the tyre, a piece of thin fabric 97, is formed to
the surface of tube 94, in order to enable the tube to the more readily vulcanize
with the fabric tube 95, also the fabric tube 95, is preferably covered with a coat-
ting of thin rubber and a layer of thin fabric 98, is put on each face of the
tube 96, before vulcanization, in order to the more readily and securely bring
about the union of the rubber of the several parts of the tube to the tyre. It
will be noted that the stem in addition to being secured to the parts of the air-
chamber, is also securely bound to the tubes 94, 95, 96, 90 and 91. In making
my improved cushion pneumatic tyres for vehicles, such as shown, it is preferable
to subject the same to two or three vulcanizations, since the tyre when complete
is so thick that it is impracticable to vulcanize it, as a whole. The successive
vulcanizations may take place at any of the varying stages of the construction of
the tyre, depending upon the material employed. For best results, I have found
it better to build the tyre, including the stem, up as far as the tube 74, and then
to vulcanize such part of the tyre, then to continue the construction of the tube up
to and including the tube 9.5 with its rubber facing and subject the tyre at such
a stage to a second partial vulcanizing process, and thereafter to apply the
remaining tubes 96, 90 91 and 98, and subject the tyre to its last vulcanization
process. These several vulcanizations inake certain the intimate union of the
material of the several tubes, but the number of vulcanizations may be varied,
also the points at which they take place. The fabric composing the tubes 72, 74,
and 98, is strong, this kind of cloth, treated with rubber in the usual way, whilst
the fabric composing the tubes 95 and 91, is heavy duck or canvas, treated with
rubber. The tubes 91 and 95 serve to give the required strength to the tyre
and also to prevent the puncture of the walls of the air-chamber. The compound
cushion of sponge rubber not only protects the wheel of the vehicle from injury,
caused by blows, but also the tubes of the tyre from being ruptured or separated
by the strain produced by the uses to which the tyre is subjected and consisting
of both the fateral longitudinal strains, the effect being to make one tube as 91,

page_text: slide by or along an inner tube while these strains are acting: The weight
carried by bicycles is not sufficient to produce these strains in any sufficient amount.
When, however, the tyres are used for heavy vehicles, such as automobiles, the
great weight placed upon the tyre and the work required of it increases this strain
to such an extent that the plies of the fabric are torn apart. By-by--invention,
however, this defect is overcome, the sponge rubber cushion yielding both laterally
and longitudinally to give the tubes the required play and immediately causing
them to resume their normal position.
1
While my invention is particularly adapted for pneumatic tyres, yet I do not
wish to be understood as limiting my invention to such form, since it may be
embraced in vehicle tyres, where the central space is filled more or less completely
by rubber or other material instead of air.
Since in other forins, the tyre is built up, at least so far as the fabric tubes
are concerned, each form is composed of an inner yielding member having a fabric
backing, an outer wear member supported upon the fabric backing, and a cushioned
tube of sponge rubber arranged between and connected to the outer and inner
inembers.
The walls of the tyre are of such thickness and are so protected by the canvas
tubes that it is practically impossible to puncture the tyre far enough to reach the
air chamber but if the air chamber be punctured by soine extraordinary chance,
the air chamber being relatively small and the walls of the tube relatively thick,
the walls of the air chamber will contact before the tyre can collapse inaterially,
thus enabling the tyre to be used to return the vehicle or automobile to a station
or stable.
This is an additional feature of advantage possessed by my improved tyre, since
in the form of tyre heretofore employed the air chamber has been relatively large,
and when punctured, the tyre collapsed to such an extent that it was impossible
to further move the automobile or vehicle without serious injury to the rim of
the wheel, and to the working parts, owing to the jarring.
I have thus explained the nature of iny invention, and described a way of con-
structing and using the same, though without attempting to set forth all of the
forms in which it may be made, or all the modes of its use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A cushioned pneumatic vehicle tyre comprising an inner yielding meinber
backed by multiple-plies of fabric, the outer closing envelope composed of a rubber
facing connected to and supported by a multiple-ply tube of fabric, combined with
a yielding tube arranged between and connected to said outer and inner members.
2. 14. A cushioned tyre comprising an inner member backed by a multiple-ply
tube of fabric, an exterior enclosing envelope composed of multiple-plies of fabric
provided with a rubber facing and a cushion tube of sponge rubber interposed
between and connected to said envelope and inner member.
2. A-cushioned-pneumatic vehicle tyre- comprising-on-inner--Fielding-member
backed by multiple-ply-of-fabric,-un-outer-enclosing-envelope-composed-of-a-rubber
fasing supported--upon-and-connected-to-a-multiple-ply-tube-of-fabric, combined
with-a-tube-of sponge-rubber-arranged-between and connected-to-the-opposing-faces
of the inner-and-outer-members.
3. Acushioned--pneumatic-tyre-comprising on-air-chamber-backed-by-u-tube-of
multiple-plies-of-fabric,- an outer--enclosing-envelope composed-of-a-rubber-fueing
connected-and-supported-by-a-multiple-ply-tube-of-fabrio-combined-with-a-tube-of
sponge-rubber-arranged-between-and-connected-to-the-opposing-faces-of-the-inner
and-outer-fabric-tubes, said-tyre-having-a-flat-inner-face-
4. A cushioned-pneumatic tyro-comprising on-air-chamber-backed-by-u-tube-of
multiple-plies-of fabric, an outer-enclosing--envelope-composed of a rubber-facing
connected-to-and-supported-by-a-multiple-ply-tube-of-fabric,-and-a-tube-of-sponge

page_text: rubber;-arranged-between-and-connected-to-the--opposing--faces- of the inner-and
outer-members,
combined-with-a-valve-stem-formed-as-an-integral--extension--with
the-walls-et-the-air-ehamber-of-the-tyre.
3. A built up cushioned pneumatic vehicle tyre comprising a tube and a valve
stem, said stem comprising a core of rubber having an air-passage, a multiple tube
of fabric surrounding and connected to said core, a rubber facing surrounding and
connected to said tube, said parts forming integral extensions of the tube of the
tyre substantially as described.
4. G. A cushioned pneumatic vehicle tyre comprising an air chamber backed by
tubes of multiple-plies of fabric, an outer enclosing envelope composed of a rubber
facing connected to and supported by a multiple-ply tube of fabric, combined with a
tube of sponge rubber arranged between and connected to the inner and outer fabric
tubes, the laps and joints of said plies of fabric being arranged on the inner side of
the tyre.
7.-eushioned-pneumatie-vehicle-tyre, comprising a relatively small-air-chamber
formed-by-a-relatively-thick-tube-of-rubber-and-surrounded--and--backed-by-a-tube
of multiple-plies-of-fabric-an-onier-enclosing envelope-composed-of-a-rubber-facing
tube-of-sponge-rubber, arranged between-and-connected-to-the-opposing-faces-of-the
inner-and-outer-fabric-tubes.
connected-to-and-supported-by-a-multiple-ply-tube--of--fabrie--combined--with--a
&A-eushioned pneumatie-tyr:comprising an air--chamber,-an-exterior--enclosing
envelopes-and-means-for-vieidingly binding-said-parts-together:
9. A-enshioned-pm-umatie-tyre-comprising-a-fabric-protected-air-tube,-an-exterior
enclosing-envelope-composed-of-multiple-layers-or-plies of fabric, having-a-rubber
facing-and-a-yielding-binder--interposed--between--and--connecting--said--tube--and
envelope:
10-A-thre--part-tyre-comprising-an-air--chamber, an-exterior-onelosing-envelope,
and-aviding tube--of--sponge-rubber--interposed--between--said--chamber--and
envelope.
11-A-eushioned-pueumatie-tyre-comprising-an-air--tube--composed--of--e--rubber
baeked-by-multiple--plies-of-fabric,--an-exterior--enclosing--envelope--composed--of
multiple-plies-of-fabric, and-provided-with-a-rubber-facing;-and-a-yielding
interposed-between-said-tube-and-envelope.
member
5. 12. A built-up tyre composed of alternating tubes of rubber and fabric, the
fabric tubes comprising multiple-plies or layers substantially as described.
13-A-built-up-tyre-comprising superimposed--tubes--of-rubber-and--fabric,--the
latter-being-composed-of-multiple-plies-or-layere, the joints-of-which--are--arranged
in-broken-or-staggered-form-on-the-inner-side-of-the-tube-
6. 15. A tyre comprising an inner yielding member confined and backed by a tube
composed of multiple plies of fabric, an exterior enclosing envelope composed of a
rubber facing supported by a built-up fabric tube of strong material combined with a
cushion member arranged between said envelope and said inner member, and
composed of a tube of inultiple-plies of heavy fabric, said tube having a layer of
sponge rubber connected respectively to its inner and outer faces, the inner sponge-
rubber layer being also connected with the fabric tube of the inner member and the
outer sponge rubber layer being connected with the fabric tube of the envelope or
outer member.
16.
and-a-valve-stem-integral-with-the-walis-of-said-air-chamber, confined--and--backed
A tyre-comprising-an-inner-yielding-member--formed--with--an--air--chamber
by-a-tube-composed-of-multiple--plies--of-fabric,--an--exterior--enclosing--envelope
composed-of-a-rubber-facing-supported-by-a-built-up-tabrie-tube-of-strong-material
combined-with-a-eushion-member-arranged-between-said-envelope--and--said--inner
a-layer-of-sponge-rubber-connected-respectively-to-its--inner--and--outer--faces,--the
inner-sponge-rubber-layer being-also-connected with the fabric-tabe--of-the--inner
member-and-the-outer-sponge-rubber-layer-being--connected-with-the-fabrie-tube-of
member,-and-composed of a tube-of-multiple-plies-of-heavy-fabrie;-said-tube-having
the-envelope-or-outer-member.

page_text: 7. 1. A lug for vehicle tyres comprising a member adapted to be attached to a
tyre, a member adapted for engagement with the rim of the wheel, said last-
mentioned member being formed with an extension adapted to engage a corres-
ponding recess in the rim whereby the lug is kept fron turning substantially as
described.
18. A cushioned-pneumatic-tyre--comprising-an-inner-member-formed-with-an-air
chamber-a-multiple-ply-tube-of-fabric- surrounding--the--same--an-outer--member
comprising-a-rubber-facing-supported-upon-a-multiple-ply-tube-of-fabric, a cushioned
tube-of-sponge-rubber-arranged
between-and-connected-to-the-fabric--tube--of--said
inner-and--outer--members--the--walls-of-said--air--chamber-being--relatively-near
together, co-that-in-the--event--of-a--puncture--the-walls-of-suid-air-chamber-will
engage-and-permit-the-tyre-to-be-used-notwithstanding-the-punctures.
This ifth day of
Aumust 1800
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.