A MODE OF LINING LEAD PIPES WITH TIN OR ITS ALLOYS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anthony Shaw, of the City and State of
New York, United States of America, for the Invention of "A MODE
OF LINING LEAD PIPES WITH TIN OR ITS ALLOYS."
Sealed the 30th June 1863, and dated the 24th April 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Willam Anthony Shaw at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1863.
I, WILLIAM ANTHONY SHAW, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MODE OF LINING LEAD PIPE WITH TIN OR ITS ALLOYS," to be as follows:-
The injurious effects of lead pipe on some kinds of water are well known,
and efforts have been made to remedy the same by a lining of tin, but such
lining is not always perfect throughout, nor of a sufficient thickness.
The nature of my Invention consists in introducing a hollow ingot of tin or
its alloys within a hollow ingot of lead, and forcing the two metals, while over
a core, out of a cylinder through a die by bydraulic or other suitable pressure.
To effect this object the ingots may be separately cast and introduced within
the cylinder, or the lead ingot may first be cast in the cylinder around a core
of the size of the tin ingot, and then that core be removed and the tin ing t
cast into that space around a coro of the size of the pipe when made. The
lead pipe by this plan is formed with a perfect lining of tin or its alloys, fur

page_text: the two metals are simultaneously forced out of the cylinder through the die,
and form a perfect tin pipe within the lead pipe, the two being firmly united
together, and the tin lining can be made of any desired thickness according to
the relative size of the ingots.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Anthony Shaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ANTHONY SHAW, of the City and State of New York, United States of America,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Anthony Shaw, Her special license that I, the said William
Anthony Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Anthony Shaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "A
MODE OF LINING LEAD PIPES WITH TIN OR ITS ALLOYS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Anthony Shaw, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Anthony Shaw, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Fig. 1 is a section of my pipe press as ready to receive the lead to form the
ingot; and
وو
2 is a similar section, showing the pipe as the same is being made.

page_text: Similar marks of reference denote the same parts.
The nature of my said Invention consists in the manufacture of lead pipe
with a lining of tin, by forcing an ingot of tin and an ingot of lead, while over
a core, out of a cylinder through a die by hydraulic pressure, as hereafter
specified.
Lead pipes have heretofore been tinned by melted metal insido of the pipe,
but such tinning is very thin, and there is no certainty of its being entire over
the whole interior of the pipe, besides which said melted tin often runs into
lumps and inequalities; my said Invention overcomes all these difficulties, and
allows of the pipe being made by hydraulic pressure with a complete interior
lining of tin, the surface of which is as smooth and perfect as the ordinary
lead pipe made in this manner.
In the Drawing, a is a cylinder made in any ordinary manner with a die
at 6 of the size required for the exterior of the pipe; c is a ram fitting the
cylinder a, all of the ordinary or desired construction; d is the core attached
in the end of the ram c. A hydraulic press is to be employed, as now usual,
to cause the ram to press the ingot of lead through the cylinder and out at the
said die b, between that and the core d, and form pipe.
I have represented in Fig. 2 this operation of making pipe with my lining
of tin or its alloys; in this, e shows the ingot of lead (colored bluo) and i tho
ingot of tin (colored red, for greater clearness), and it will be seen that as
these two ingots are, by the hydraulic pressure applied to the ram c, driven out
through the die 6, the tin forms a complete and perfect lining for the lead pipe.
In order that these ingots may be introduced in the cylinder, the press must
be fitted so that the ram c and core d can be drawn out of the cylinder; and I
prefer that the core d be removed and a second core h introduced, as seen in
Fig. 1, which core is to be the size of the exterior of the tin ingot. When this
core is introduced, as shown, then the lead is to be cast into the cylinder, and
when it has consolidated, said core h is to be withdrawn and the core d intro-
duced and passed into the hole of the previous ingots, a portion of which
remains in the cylinder a; and after this core is introduced, then the space
between it and the lead is to be filled with melted tin.
It will be evident that the tin might be cast separately, and introduced within
the lead ingot. I prefer to work off only about two-thirds of the contents of
the cylinder before adding a new charge, as aforesaid.
In case the tin ingot, in consequence of being harder than the lead, should
draw through faster than the lead, it may be made rather longer, and the end
pass up into a recess around the base of the core d.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the manufacture of

page_text: lead pipe with a lining of tin, by forcing an ingot of tin and an ingot of lead,
while over a core, out of a cylinder through a die by hydraulic pressure, as
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Anthony Shaw, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
W. ANTHONY SHAW. (L.B.)
Witnesses,
LEMUEL W. SERRELL,
121, Nassau St., New York.
THо. G. HAROLD,
121, Nassau St., New York.