IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCILS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Wiley, Pen and Pencil Manu-
facturer, of 34, Great Hampton Street, Birmingham, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCILS"
Sealed the 25th February 1859, and dated the 11th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Wiley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1858.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, Pen and Pencil Manufacturer, of 34, Great
Hampton Street, Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ever-pointed pencils. For
these purposes the holder or instrument by which the end of the marking
material is held, is attached to the forcer by a swivel or axis, in such manner
that the holder and the marking material may remain without turning in the
case, whilst the forcer is rotated in order to propel the outer end of the
marking material up to and through the nozzle of the pencil case. The forcer
is caused to rotate within the case by means of a split tube which is attached
to the end of the case. The teeth or projections of the forcer pass through
the split tube, and enter the threads of the female screw formed on the interior
of the case. It is preferred that the nozzle should be fixed to the case, and
that the split tube should be fixed to the other or moveable end of the case.
A length of marking material is supplied to the holder when the holder and
the split tube has been drawn out of the case. In some cases the holder is
made in two or more parts, which are carried by spring stems, in such manner
that when the holder has been moved through the nozzle, the parts of the
holder separate, and leave hold of the last portion of marking material, and

page_text: the holder is caused to take hold of the end of a fresh piece of marking
material by the parts of the holder being caused to come together as they are
moved back into the nozzle, and the parts are retained in a position to hold
the end of the marking material, so long as the holder is within the case.
When the holder consists of a tube, into which the end of the marking
material fits; then, in order to remove the last portion of marking material, a
short forcing wire is used, which is arranged so as to be moved forward when
the end of the holder comes up to or through the nozzle; at other times the
short forcing wire is retained out of action.
In making the case of ever-pointed pencils and fixing the coil of wire
therein, which is to form the interior screw, two or more pieces of sheet metal
are used (by preference two pieces); each piece is of a length equal to that
of the cylindrical and also of the conical part or nozzle of the case; each
piece is bent, by stamping or otherwise, into a portion of a cylinder, with a
portion of a cone at the other end, so that when two or more of such pieces
are placed edge to edge they will form a case. The interior surface of each
piece is to be tinned. The two or more pieces to form a case with its nozzle
are to be brought and securely held edge to edge, the coil of wire to form the
interior screw being placed in the interior, so that, when heat is applied, the
coil of wire may be soldered to the interior and the edges of the pieces to each
other, except at the outer part of the nozzle, when it is desired that the outer
end of the nozzle shall be at liberty to spring open.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Wiley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD WILEY, Pen and Pencil Manufacturer, of 34, Great Hampton Street,
Birmingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our.
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Wiley, Her special licence that I, the said William
Edward Wiley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Edward Wiley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVER-POINTED PENCILS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Wiley my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Wiley, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ever-pointed pencils.
For these purposes the holder or instrument by which the end of the marking
material is held is attached to the forcer by a swivel or axis, in such manner
that the holder and the marking material may remain without turning in the
case, whilst the forcer is rotated in order to propel the outer end of the
marking material up to and through the nozzle of the pencil case. The
forcer is caused to rotate within the case by means of a split tube which is
attached to the end of the case. The teeth or projections of the forcer pass
through the split tube, and enter the threads of the female screw formed on
the interior of the case. It is preferred that the nozzle should be fixed to the
case, and that the split tube should be fixed to the other or moveable end of
the case; a length of marking material is supplied to the holder when the
holder and the split tube has been drawn out of the case.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 2' is a side view of an ever-
pointed-pencil constructed in this manner. a is the external case of wood,
ivory, or other suitable material, and having the nozzle b, fixed to it; the case
a contains the metal tube c, on the interior of which a screw is formed by
preference in a manner which will be herein-after described; the parts a, b, and c,
are shewn separately in section at Figure 3; d is the end or top of the pencil
to which a split tube e is attached, as is shewn at Figures 4; the tube e
contains the leadholder f, which is made in two parts, as is clearly shewn at
Figures 5, these parts are the tube f¹, on the exterior of which the teeth f² are
formed, and the part f³, the lower end of which is tubular, and split to
enable it to embrace the lead, and the upper part is a solid stem passing up
through the tube f¹, and having a head formed on its end to prevent the part

page_text: slipping off. It will be seen that when the end d is turned round, the split
tube e carries round with it the part f¹ of the leadholder and the teeth f2 by
taking into the screw on the interior of the tube c, causes the leadholder to
traverse, and the lead is thus caused to protrude to the extent desired beyond
the nozzle. In consequence of the way in which the leadholder is constructed
the lead does not rotate within the nozzle while it is being traversed, and
consequently a lead which is square in section may be used if desired, or if a
round lead be employed, it is less liable to break than it would be were it
caused to revolve within the nozzle while traversing. In some cases the
holder is made in two or more parts which are carried by spring stems, in
such manner that when the holder has been moved through the nozzle the parts
of the holder separate and leave hold of the last portion of marking material,
and the holder is caused to take hold of the end of a fresh piece of marking
material by the parts of the holder being caused to come together as they are
moved back into the nozzle, and the parts are retained in a position to hold the
end of the marking material so long as the holder is within the case. Figure
6. is a lead holder constructed in this manner, and Figure 7 is a pencil shewn
partly in section, and-containing a lead holder such as is shewn at Figure 6,
within a split metal tube; a is the split tube which nips the projection b of
the lead holder sufficiently firm to retain it while the pencil is in use in any
position in which it may be placed. When the holder consists of a tube into
which the end of the marking material fits, then in order to remove the last
portion of marking material a short forcing wire is used, which is arranged so
as to be moved forward, when the end of the holder comes up to or through
the nozzle, at other times the short forcing wire is retained out of action.
Figures 8 show a lead holder constructed in this manner, and Figure. 9 shows
partly in section, a pencil similar to Figure 7, and having a lead holder like
that shown at Figures 8; a is a split tube of metal, the lower end of which
receives the lead, near its upper end it has a slot cut in it; b is a forcing
wire contained within the tube a, and the projection 6, from it passes through
the slot a¹; when the lead is in its place, it, by entering the tube a, keeps
back the forcing wire, so that its projection 6, is near the upper end of the
slot a¹, and so it remains while the lead holder and lead are moved to and fro
in the split tube, but when the end of the lead holder comes against the nozzle,
it offers so much resistance to its passage that the forcing wire 6 moves along
within the tube a as far as the slot a will allow it, and so expels the end of the
lead from the holder.
In making the case of ever-pointed pencils, and fixing the coil of wire
therein, which is to form the interior screw, two or more pieces of sheet metal

page_text: are used, (by preference two pieces,) each piece is of a length equal to that of
the cylindrical, and also of the conical part or nozzle of the case, and each
piece is bent by stamping or otherwise into a portion of a cylinder with a
portion of a cone at the other end, so that when two or more of such pieces
are placed edge to edge, they will form a case. The interior surface of each
piece is to be tinned. The two or more pieces to form a case with its pozzle
are to be brought and securely held edge to edge, the coil of wire to form the
interior screw being placed in the interior, so that when heat is applied, the
coil of wire may be soldered to the interior, and the edges of the pieces to each
other, except at the outer parts of the nozzle when it is desired that the outer
end of the nozzle shall be at liberty to spring open. Figure 10 shew the
three parts of which the internal case (or part c of Figures 1 and 3) is
constructed; a, a, are two pieces which fit together, so as to form a
cylindrical tube, or case with a conical nozzle at one end; these pieces are
by preference stamped to the required form in dies, and they are tinned
internally; within them is placed the spiral spring 6, which is to form the
screw on the interior of the case, this is also tinned, and the three parts
are held together by binding wire, and heated to a sufficient extent to
cause the tin to run, and they then become firmly soldered together. Figure
11 is a longitudinal section of a pencil in which a case, such as is shown at
Figure 10, is employed, it is coated externally with wood for which, however,
varnished paper or other suitable material may be substituted. The interior
arrangement of the pencil is similar to that shown at Figure 1.
In using small pencils, such as that shown at Figure 11, it is convenient to
increase their length by drawing out the split tube e, to the position shown
in dotted lines. Figure 12 is a pencil differing from that shown at Figures 1
and 11, in that the split tube e, shown separately at Figure 13, is increased in
length and caused to terminate in a nozzle which projects through the
nozzle or end of the exterior case. When the pencil is thus constructed, the
tube e cannot be drawn up when it is in use, otherwise the end of the lead
would be left without support.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Wiley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY. (L.S.)