Year: 1888

page_text: I, STEPHEN PASCHALL MORRIS TASKER, a citizen of the United States residing in
the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, state of Pennsylvania, United States
of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a class of mandrels in which the head, ball, or mandrel
proper, is provided with two, three, four, five, or more ellipsoidal friction rolls mounted
in bearings in a stock or case, and adapted to be introduced within the tube to be
rolled. Types of mandrels of the foregoing class, which are of my invention, are to
be found in United States Letters Patent No. 151,323, dated May 26th 1874; and
No. 331,570, No. 331,573, and No. 331,578, all dated December 1st, 1885,-to which
Letters Patent reference is to be made for the better understanding of my present
improvements.
The intention of the employment of mandrels of the foregoing class, it may be
premised, is to obviate friction between the interior surfaces of the tube and the ball
of the ordinary mandrel, and to permit of the more ready passage of the tube over the
mandrel and withdrawal of the mandrel from said tube. My present invention is
applicable to roller mandrels of the character set forth in the foregoing patents.
The object of my present invention is to provide means for positively driving the
mandrel rolls, so as to render them no longer idler rolls the movement of which is
wholly due to the movement of the tube upon them, but positively driven rolls which
move under the thrust or impulse of suitable actuating devices with a positive
rotative motion which is the same as, or greater, or less, than, that of the tube
onerated upon.

page_text: To such end my invention, broadly stated, comprehends the provision in connection
with the rolls of a roller mandrel of driving gearing of any preferred character, and
substantially, for instance, of any such character as is represented in the accompanying
drawings and hereinafter referred to, which is disposed between the mandrel rolls
with which it is engaged, and a prime mover of any preferred character with which it
is also engaged, and which receives its movement from said prime mover and transmits
it to said rolls, the arrangement as an entirety being substantially such that the con-
nective gearing, be its specific mechanical character what it may, operatively unites
the prime mover and the mandrel rolls and imparts to said rolls a positive movement
transmitted direct and derived from said prime mover.
Such being the general character of my invention, it is apparent that the form of
the gearing intermediate between the prime mover and the driven rolls may
structurally vary and assume the form of many well known mechanical movements,
and that the prime mover may likewise vary and be a motor of any suitable
character.
Such constructions as are represented in the accompanying drawings and herein
described alike embody my invention, the particular subject matter of which claimed
as novel is hereinafter definitely specified.
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a mandrel having two rolls, the axes of which lie in
the same plane.
Figure 2 is a transverse, vertical, sectional elevation through the mandrel of
figure 1 in the plane of the dotted line of said figure.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of a prime mover which I find it convenient to
employ to actuate the driving gearing of the mandrel rolls shown in the mandrel of
figures 1 and 2.
Figure 3 is a top plan view of a mandrel having two rolls the axes of which,
although in parallel horizontal planes, are inclined to one another.
Figure 4 is a front elevational view,. partly sectional, of the rolls represented in
figure 3.
Figures 5 and 6 are transverso, vertical, sectional elevations through mandrels
having three rolls, which are adapted to be actuated by driving gearing constituted by
racks of different form.
Figure 7 is a side elevational view of the mandrel represented in Figure 6, in con-
nection with driving gearing constituted by a convenient rack device for actuating
its rolls, and with a convenient prime mover for actuating said rack.
Figure 8 is a right hand end elevational view of the prime mover represented in
figure 7.
Figure 9 is a central, vertical, longitudinal, sectional side elevation through such a
mandrel as is represented in figure 2, provided with driving gearing constituted by a
sprocket or chain-wheel device for actuating its rolls.
Figure 10 is a left hand end elevational view of the mandrel head of figure 9.
Figure 11 is a right hand end elevational view of the mandrel standard and a
convenient prime mover for actuating the sprocket chain gearing shown in figure 9,
the chains being, for clearness, omitted.
Figure 12 is a view in perspective of the mandrel head shown in figures 9 and 10,
said head being vertically sectioned in the plane of the axes of the rolls.
Figure 13 is a face view of a mandrel composed of three elliptical rolls adapted to
be driven by sprocket chains.
Figure 14 is a similar view of two cylindric rolls adapted to be similarly driven.
Figure 14 is a. similar view of such a mandrel as is shown in figure 13, the
elliptic rolls being turned to present flat or more strictly conical peripheral surfaces.
which correspond and receive the thrust of the rolls against each other.
Figure 15 is a similar view of three cone ended cylindric rolls embodying my
invention and adapted to be driven by sprocket chains.
Figure 16 is a central, vertical, longitudinal, sectional side elevation through such
a mandrel as is represented in figures 1 and 2, when the mandrel rolls are circumscribed

page_text: each by a series of sunken worm teeth and are driven by gearing constituted
by a longitudinally-extending worm shaft preferably housed within the mandrel
rod.
Figure 17 is a transverse, vertical, sectional elevation through the mandrel head of
figure 16 in the plane of the dotted line y-y upon said figure.
Figure 18 is a central, vertical, longitudinal, sectional side elevation through such a
mandrel as is represented in figures 1 and 2, when the mandrel rolls are circumscribed
each by a series of sunken angle teeth, and driven by gearing constituted by a pair of
angle tooth wheels mounted within the mandrel head upon shafts parallel respectively
with the respective axes of the mandrel rolls, and engaged with the teeth of the
mandrel rolls, the said angle tooth wheels being actuated by an angle tooth pinion
mounted upon a shaft extending longitudinally and conveniently within the mandrel
rod.
Figure 19 is a transverse, vertical, sectional elevation through the mandrel head of
figure 18, in planes of the dotted line z-z upon said figure, and sight being taken in
the direction of the arrows upon said line.
Figure 20 is a fragmentary sectional plan of the mandrel head of figure 18, in
planes of the dotted line ww upon said figure.
Figure 21 is a longitudinal, sectional plan in planes of the dotted line - of
figure 22, through such a mandrel as is represented in figures 1 and 2, when the
mandrel rolls are actuated by driving gearing constituted by a pair of counter pinions
which are not only engaged with each other but also, respectively, with the sunken
teeth of the mandrel rolls, and which are mounted upon pinion shafts upon one of
which latter is secured a bevelled pinion engaged with a second bevelled pinion right
angular to it and mounted upon a longitudinal bevel gear shaft conveniently housed
within the lower portion of the mandrel rod.
Figure 22 is a vertical, longitudinal, sectional side elevation through the mandrel
represented in figure 21 in planes of the dotted line u-u of said figure.
Figures 23 and 24 are, respectively, a central, longitudinal, sectional plan, and a
central, vertical, longitudinal side elevation, through such a mandrel as is represented
in figures 21 and 22, with the exception that the counter pinions of the driving
gearing are not engaged with each other but are both engaged with a spiral tooth
wheel mounted in a plane right angular to said pinions upon a longitudinally extending
wheel shaft conveniently housed centrally within the mandrel rod.
Figure 25 is a face view of the spiral tooth wheel shown in figures 23 and. 24.
Referring now to figures 1 and 2, which represent a mandrel embodying my inven-
tion and having two rolls the axes of which lie in parallel horizontal planes and in a
common vertical plane,-A A* are two ellipsoidal metal rolls mounted in a stock or
mandrel head B, which may be of any desired construction, and which is the advance
terminal portion of a hollow mandrel rod Bx. b are journals or axles upon which the
rolls are mounted for rotation: These axles may either be formed upon or applied to
the rolls, or be formed upon or applied to the mandrel head.
The rolls are spaced apart a sufficient distance to admit between them driving gearing
constituted by a double-faced or double rack C, and are each provided with a series of
sunken teeth a which circumscribe the respective rolls in a central transverse or
diametric plane, and within which are respectively engaged the two series of teeth of
the rack.
It is obvious that the longitudinal reciprocation of the rack will, through the
engagement of its teeth with the circular series of sunken teeth in the rolls, occasion
the reverse or opposite rotation of the respective rolls in a direction correspondent
with the direction of movement of the rack, whereof hereinafter.
Any suitable means for imparting reciprocation to the rack may be employed. I
find a convenient prime mover for the purpose, to be some such contrivance as is
represented in figure 2, in which the rack is engaged between two toothed rack
wheels P Px, the axles p p* of which are supported in a housing Q, and respectively
provided with sister gear wheels, R R* which are engaged with each other.

page_text: The axle of the lower rack wheel is also provided with a pulley Q* by means of
which rotation is imparted to it and consequently to its rack and gear wheels. The
entire device constitutes a positively operating prime mover which according to
the direction of movement of the pulley occasions the thrust or the retraction of the
rack.
In figures 3 and 4 I have represented a mandrel provided with a pair of ellipsoidal
rolls A A which cross each other at angles, that is to say have their respective longi-
tudinal axes so disposed as to cross or be inclined to each other, which are similarly
provided with centrally circumscribing sunken teeth a, and which are actuated by driving
gearing constituted by a double spiral rack Cx, the pitch of which corresponds with
the respective inclinations of the respective series of teeth of the rolls, and the longi-
tudinal movement of which occasions a reverse rotation of said rolls in either direction
according to its direction. Any prime mover adapted to actuate the rack may be
employed.
In figures 5, 6, and 7, I have represented a roller mandrel having three rolls A A¹ A'
the axes of which lie in a common plane, and when projected form an equilateral
triangle. In figure 5 I have represented pinions a*, formed upon the ends of all of the
rolls, which are engaged by driving gearing constituted by three double faced longi-
tudinally extending racks c erected from a three-armed spider C suitably actuated for
longitudinal movement by any preferred prime mover. In figures 6 and 7 the three
rolls are each provided with a central series of sunken teeth a a¹ a² which are engaged
with driving gearing constituted by a triangular rack C, the thrust of which, acting
against the teeth of the rolls, occasions their rotation. In the forms of mandrel last
above described and illustrated in figures 5, 6, and 7, the mandrel head has three
parts or sections and is 'lettered B³.
In figures 7 and 8 1 have represented a convenient prime mover for actuating the
rack. It is however, to be understood, that I do not restrict myself to the specific
devices represented, but contemplate the employment as a prime mover generically
considered of any suitable mechanism, such, for instance, as an hydraulic, air, or
steam, rack-actuating, plunger, a crank and pitman, or kindred device.
Referring now to figures 7 and 8, D is a mandrel standard for supporting the
mandrel rod and mandrel head, the same being hollow to admit the passage of the
rack C through it and through said mandrel rod and head to the mandrel rolls.
E is a housing of any preferred construction, supporting three similarly angularly-
disposed pinions e, which together engage with the triangular rack C³, in the manner
represented in the drawings. Two of these pinions, in the drawings the lower
ones, are idlers, while the upper pinion is fixedly mounted upon a shaft e* which
projects beyond its bearings and is journalled in boxings supported upon pulley
standards F, between which latter said shaft is provided with a pulley G the motion
of which when driven imparts motion to the top pinion e, and thence to the rack to
cause its reciprocation in either direction. If desired all of the pinions may be
positively driven.
:
Referring now to figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, which represent an embodiment of my
invention utilizing sprocket chains as a connective gearing for transmitting from a
prime mover a positive motion to the mandrel rolls the following is the construction
of a prime mover which I prefer to employ a mandrel standard Dx is equipped with
two sprocket wheels H, mounted upon axles h which are parallel and both of which
extend beyond the standard at one side and are equipped with gear wheels h* which
mesh together. One of the axles is prolonged beyond its gear wheel and equipped
with driving pulleys H*. The mandrel rolls A³ A are each provided with a series of
sunken sprocket lugs s, which preferably circumscribe the respective rolls in a central
transverse or diametric plane, and which are adapted to be engaged with driving
gearing constituted by two endless sprocket chains S which also pass over and are
driven by the sprocket wheels H in the mandrel standard.
Such portions of the chains as for the time being run side by side, or come
together in their passage respectively over the sprocket wheels and rolls, conveniently

page_text: pass through the hollow mandrel rod D³, while their outer, or distant portions pass
respectively above and below and to the outside of said mandrel rod.
It is obvious that rotation imparted to the driving pulleys, occasioning a reverse
rotation of the sprocket wheels will occasion, through the opposite travel of the
respective sprocket chains, the opposite rotation of the rolls. The construction of the
mandrel rod, mandrel head, and standard, are substantially identical with that here-
tofore described. The mandrel head is, however, shown as provided with a circular
flange 6x by which an additional head carrying additional rolls can, if desired, be
secured to the mandrel head represented.
The rolls represented in figure 14 can be driven by chains set and geared substan-
tially in the same manner as those above described.
The rolls of the mandrels represented in figures 13 and 15 are adapted to be driven
by gearing constituted by three independent sprocket chains, which may be primarily
actuated by three sprocket wheels mounted in the, mandrel standard much after the
manner of the pinions applied to the housing of figure 8, the shafts of such sprocket
wheels being extended and provided with suitable bevel gears after a manner obvious
to any mechanic. The sprocket lugs or teeth may be applied to the ends or other
portions of the rolls than the central portions; and, if desired, but one of the rolls
may be positively driven. The sprocket gearing is of especial application to
mandrels of the construction set forth in my patents Nos. 151,823 and 331,570. The
rolls of figure 15 are adapted for use in rolling six-sided tubes, and are caused to
act first upon three sides and then upon the remaining three. Of course by increasing
the number of rolls tubes having a greater number of sides may be rolled.
The three elliptical rolls which are represented in figure 14 are each turned to
present flat, or, more strictly, conical peripheral surfaces Z which correspond and
therefore mutally receive the internal thrust of the rolls which bear against each other
in the region of such flattened sufaces. This construction is important as tending
to preserve the rolls from wear and as steadying them.
Referring now to figures 16 and 17, which represent an embodiment of my inven-
tion utilizing a worm shaft as a driving gearing for imparting a positive motion to
the mandrel rolls, the mandrel standard Dx is equipped with a bearing d through
which passes one extremity of a worm shaft K, the other extremity of which passes
through a bearing & formed in a diaphragm 6³ erected within the mandrel head B.
In this construction the mandrel rolls A A* are each circumscribed by a series of
sunken worm teeth a' which engage with a worm k on the worm shaft K.
The worm shaft extends through the bearing 6 to the rear of the mandrel standard,
and as to its projecting extremity is equipped with a prime mover constituted by a
pulley I, by means of which rotation is imparted to it. "It is obvious that the rotation
imparted to the shaft will, through the action of the worm upon the sunken worm
teeth of the rolls occasion the opposite rotation of said rolls. The construction of the
mandrel rod, mandrel head, and standard, is essentially such as that of the same
members of the mandrels, already described, except that, for convenience, the
mandrel head is made detachable from the mandrel rod.
Referring now to figures 18, 19, and 20, which represent an embodiment of my
invention utilizing the motive power of driving gearing constituted by a shaft
equipped with an angle tooth pinion, such as is represented in figure 16, for driving
the rolls, JJ are a pair of angle tooth wheels mounted, respectively above and
below the angle tooth pinion k on the shaft K, upon shafts jj parallel respectively
with the axes of the mandrel rolls and respectively conveniently journalled in shaft
hubs j cast within or otherwise connected with the mandrel head. These worm
angle tooth wheels respectively engage with sunken angle teeth a³ formed on the
mandrel rolls, and are both engaged with the angle tooth pinion on the shaft. The
forward shaft bearing 63 of the pinion, shaft is, in this construction, conveniently
supported in a cross web & secured within the mandrel head. Rotation imparted to
the pinion shaft by any such prime mover as the pulley shown will occasion the
reverse rotation of the mandrel rolls through the intermediate rotation imparted by said

page_text: shaft to the angle tooth wheels which are, as stated, engaged with both the pinion
on the shaft and with the mandrel rolls.
Referring now to figures 21 and 22, which represent an embodiment of my invention
utilizing driving gearing constituted by a pair of mutually engaged counter pinions
respectively also engaged with the respective mandrel rolls and actuated by a bevel
gearing applied to the shaft of one of them, the said counter pinions,-L L are a pair
of counter pinions mounted upon pinion shafts supported within the mandrel head
in parallelism respectively with each other and with the axes of the mandrel rolls.
M is a bevelled pinion mounted upon the shaft of the lower counter pinion and engaged
with the bevel pinion M* mounted in a plane right angular to the plane in which said
pinion rotates upon the forward extremity of a bevel gear shaft N the forward extremity
of which latter is supported in a bearing n within the mandrel head while its rear
extremity is supported within a bearing n* formed in the mandrel standard.
Rotation is conveniently imparted to this bevel gear shaft by a prime mover being a
pulley I applied to the rear of the mandrel standard. It is obvious that in this con-
struction rotation imparted to the bevel gear shaft will, through the bevel gear, occasion
the rotation of the lower pinion shaft and consequently of the lower pinion, from which
latter rotation will be imparted to the upper pinion, while both of said pinions will
by their common but reverse rotation occasion the reverse rotation of the mandrel
rolls.
Referring now to figures 23, 24, and 25, which represent an embodiment of my
invention utilizing driving gearing constituted by a pair of counter pinions, not,
however, mutually engaged, but separately engaged with the mandrel rolls and with a
spiral tooth wheel common to both,-0 represents the said spiral tooth wheel which is
mounted upon a wheel shaft Ox conveniently housed, as shown, within the mandrel
rod. The teeth upon this wheel are in the form of curved or spiral ribs o³, as shown
in figure 25, and the wheel itself is mounted in a vertical plane in such position that
its said teeth engage the teeth of both counter pinions at the same time, while the
teeth of said pinions also engage the sunken teeth upon the mandrel rolls. The pulley I
is the prime mover. Rotation imparted to the shaft in this instance, therefore, occasions
the reverse rotation of the counter pinions and the consequent rotation of the mandrel
rolls. It is obvious that this construction differs only from that represented in figures 21
and 22 in the means employed for actuating the counter pinions, the spiral toothed
wheel being a substitute for the bevel gear device of said figures.
It is apparent that in all of the foregoing constructions latitude may be accorded
the constructor as to the details. of construction and arrangement of the mandrel,
mandrel head, and standard, as well as in the matter of formation, mounting and
arrangement of the racks, chains, shafts, counter shafts, bearings, pinions, &c., which
in the several organizations form parts of the driving gearing as such, it being
borne in mind that the invention so far as it is concerned with driving gearing does
not reside in any special construction of driving mechanism, but in the provision
of driving gearing broadly as such for positively driving the rolls of a roll-provided
mandrel head..
Such being a description of forms of roller mandrel alike embodying my invention,
it is proper for me to state that the shape and configuration of the rolls, as well as the
outer surfaces of the mandrel head, may be made to correspond to the interior
configuration of tubes of various forms other than those illustrated.
The mandrel in connection with external rolls or dies is adapted for use in the
manufacture of all kinds of malleable metal tubes from either hot or cold metal.
In practice the bellied, or other intermediate, portions of the sections of the stock
lie below the circle, or figure, circumscribing longitudinally the rolls; and this is
important, because said sections are not intended to bear against the bore of the
tube.
In the use of the mandrel it will be understood that after the tube has been rolled,
it should be rotated to bring that portion of its interior surface which in the previous
pass has come over the sections of the stock over the centers or rolling surfaces of

page_text: De repeated as often as desirable, or unui the
tube as to every part of its interior surface has been acted upon by the rolls.
In constructions in which racks are the driving gearing, the shape and character and
location of the teeth both of the rack and of the rolls is not material, the office of the
teeth as such being simply to insure the engagement between the rack as a body
capable of longitudinal thrust under the influence of a prime mover, and the rolls as
bodies capable of rotation and adapted to be positively rotated by said thrust.
is obvious, therefore, that instead of teeth strictly as such depressions and corre-
sponding elevations of any suitable character, or a plain bar actuating the rolls by.
friction, may be employed.
It
It is also obvious, as described in certain of the patents referred to, that the mandrel
head may be, and preferably is, constructed in parts or sections, adapted to be suitably
united together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A mandrel head containing two or more positively-driven rolls, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
2. In combination, a mandrel head containing two or more rolls, and driving
mechanism, essentially such as set forth, for positively driving said rolls, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
3. In a roller mandrel substantially such as set forth, the combination of two or
more mandrel rolls, gearing for positively driving said rolls, and a prime mover for
actuating said gearing.
4. In a mandrel for rolling tubes, the combination of a mandrel rod, rolls mounted
rotatively therein; a prime mover mounted in connection with said mandrel rod, and
gearing operatively uniting said prime mover and rolls, substantially as set forth."
5. In a mandrel for rolling tubes, the combination of mandrel rolls mounted
rotatively therein, teeth identified with said rolls, propulsive gearing engaging with
said teeth, and means for applying power to said propulsive gearing.
6. The combination, to form a mandrel for rolling tubes, of two or more rolls
provided with teeth, a mandrel head for carrying said rolls, and a rack which is engaged
with the teeth of said rolls, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
7. The combination, to form a mandrel for rolling tubes, of two or more rolls provided
with teeth, a mandrel head for carrying said rolls, a rack which is engaged with the
teeth of said rolls, and means for imparting longitudinal thrust to said rack, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
8. The combination, to form a mandrel for rolling tubes, of two or more rolls
provided with teeth, a mandrel head for carrying said rolls, and a rack which passes
between or among the rolls and is engaged with the teeth of said rolls, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
9. The combination, to form a mandrel for rolling tubes, of two or more rolls
provided with teeth, a mandrel head for carrying said rolls, a rack which passes between
or among the rolls and is engaged with the teeth of said rolls, and means for
imparting longitudinal thrust to said rack, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
10. The combination, in a roller mandrel, of two ellipsoidal rolls the axes of which
are inclined to each other and which are provided with teeth, a mandrel head carrying
said rolls, and a rack which is engaged with the teeth of said rolls, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
11. The combination, in a roller mandrel, of two ellipsoidal rolls the axes of which
are inclined to each other, and which are provided with teeth, a mandrel head carrying

page_text: said rolls, a rack which is engaged with the teeth of said rolls, and means for imparting
longitudinal thrust to said rack, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
12. The combination, in a roller mandrel, of two ellipsoidal rolls the axes of which
are inclined to each other and which are provided with sunken teeth circumscribing
their central portions, a mandrel head carrying said rolls, and a spiral rack which passes
between said rolls and is engaged with the sunken teeth thereof, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
13. The combination, in a roller mandrel, of two ellipsoidal rolls the axes of which
are inclined to each other, and which are provided with sunken teeth circumscribing
their central portions, a mandrel head carrying said rolls, a spiral rack which passes
between said rolls and is engaged with the sunken teeth thereof, and means for
imparting longitudinal thrust to said rack, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
1 A n 1000