Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 26th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Dec., 1887
1, JAMES KEITH of 57 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London, Gas, Hydraulic,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
My invention relates to sectional water boilers of the kind described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me and numbered 2709 of 1879 and
5744 of 1885, the boiler under the present improvements being composed of a number
of sections which in lieu of being superposed in a tier are set vertically or at a slight
inclination on end and so connected face to face that the boiler occupies little space
in height and width and may be lengthened indefinitely to give increased heating
power by adding to the number of sections either in the fire box or in the rear
thereof. One of the end sections, which constitutes the boiler front is composed of a
casing or water slab of rectangular or other contour having formed in it openings
for firing and cleaning and for giving access to the furnace which is enclosed by a
number of the sections adjoining the front, said sections consisting each of two
upright side tubes, connected at the top by a horizontal tube and resting at the
bottom upon a hollow sole plate or frame serving to carry a dumping fire grate or
grates and the interior of which forms in conjunction with the floor a receptacle for
the ashes from the fire. The section forming the rear end of the furnace is by
preference of greater cross sectional area at the base than at the top its rear face
being tapered, and the base is composed of a tubular water way connected to the side
tubes while a horizontal tube extends across from side to side near the top and is
connected to the base by tubular bars which together with the cross tube constitutes
a water bridge over and through between the tubular bars of which the fire gases pass
out of the furnace. At about the level of the top of the bridge cross tubes are also
formed in the sections enclosing the furnace or fire the tubes being inclined and
slightly tapered to promote circulation and being at such a distance from the top that
a clear way is left for the passage of the fire gases between them and the enclosed
top tubes of the boiler. Behind the bridge section are fitted a series of sections of a
contour corresponding to the sections enclosing the fire, a water way being formed at

page_text: the top sides and bottom, and the top or bottom, (or the sides) being connected by
cross tubes which present a large heating surface upon which the fire gases impinge
in passing through between them to the chimney opening at the rear.
The sections last referred to rest upon an open frame which are or may be lined on
the inside with fire bricks and which may be a prolongation rearward of the sole or
framing constituting the ash box, and the water ways at the base are preferably of
smaller cross sectional area than those at the top the connecting cross or vertical tubes
being correspondingly tapered in order to promote circulation of the water through
them and to facilitate the operation of removing soot which when brushed or blown
off the tubes drops down, without depositing afresh thercon, into an open flue space
formed between the sections and the floor within the supporting sole or framing.
Between the ash box and the flue space a hollow air bridge is formed under the
water bridge and has in its rear face a number of slits or perforations through which
air, after being heated in its course through the bridge is discharged, and mixing
with the fire gases, passing through between the tubes of the water bridge, ensures
complete combustion of said gases before they pass through between the cross or
vertical tubes towards the chimney opening, which is formed in the top of one or more
of the rear sections, a baffle plate being fitted under the outlet to direct the fire gases
downwards on the lower parts of the sections before escaping. The rear end section
like the front is composed of a water box or slab in which are doors to give access for
cleaning between the tubes, and the front and rear sections are connected together by
long bolts passing through longitudinal water ways formed from end to end of the
sections, suitably faced flange joints being inade between the several sections around
the connecting water ways. The mode of jointing together the several sections of
which the improved boiler is composed is similar to that adopted in the boilers and
heating apparatus described in the Specification of Letters Patent hereinbefore
referred to excepting that the joints are vertical or slightly inclined to vertical lines
instead of being horizontal or inclined to horizontal lines the sections enclosing the fire
being preferably vertical and those at the rear of the bridge being inclined.
Long upright narrow cleaning doors are in general provided on each side of the
boiler between all the sections with the exception of the fire box sections and a deep
tapered rim looking outwards is cast on the frames of these and of all the other
cleaning and firing doors as well as on the sole plate or lower frame on which the
boiler rests, so that the boiler can be wholly coated or plastered over outside with
non-conducting composition up to the outside edge of these tapered rims.
When the boilers are intended to be used for heating water for washing or bathing
or commercial purposes, instead of for purely warming purposes, suitably faced
cleaning doors may be arranged at the corners of each section and opposite every
tube so that the internal water ways of all parts of the boiler can be thoroughly
cleaned out, without taking the boiler apart.
In addition to ash pan doors in front under the firing and clinker doors, doors may
be put in the other end of the sole plate or frame and in the sides of same where
necessary to give access for the removal of dust, soot or ashes which may be formed
or fall into the lower open flue space between the sections and the floor.
Dated this Twenty fifth day of February 1887
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sectional Water Boilers.
I, JAMES KEITH of 57 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London, Gas Hydraulic,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to sectional water boilers of, the kind described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me and numbered 2709, of 1879, and
5744 of 1885 the boiler under the present improvements being composed of a number
of sections which in lieu of being superposed in a tier are set vertically or at a slight
inclination on end and so connected face to face that the boiler occupies little space
in height and width and may be lengthened indefinitely to give increased heating
power by adding to the number of sections either in the fire box or in the rear
thereof.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention figure 1 is a
longitudinal vertical section of a modification of my improved sectional water boiler,
figure. 2 is a trausverse vertical section taken at the line 1---1 in figure 1, figure 3 is
a sectional plan the section being taken partly at the line 2---2 and partly at the
line 3-3 in figure 1, and figure 4 is an elevation of one of the rear end sections of
the hoiler. One of the end sections which constitutes the boiler front is composed of
a casing or water slab A of rectangular or other contour having formed in it
openings b, b, and 62, for firing and cleaning and for giving access to the furnace B
which is enclosed by a number of the sections A' adjoining the front, said sections
consisting, as shown at figure 2, each of two upright side tubes a connected at the
top by a horizontal tube a¹ and resting at the bottom upon a hollow sole plate or
frame C serving to carry a dumping fire grate or grates D, D, and the interior
of which forms in conjunction with the floor a receptacle for the ashes from the
fire. The section A forming the rear end of the furnace is by preference of greater
cross sectional area at the base than at the top its rear face being tapered; and the
base is composed of a tubular water way a² connected to the side tubes whilst
horizontal tubes a¹ and a³ extend across from side to side at and near the top,
the tube a being connected to the base by tubular bars at which together with
the cross tube a³ itself constitute a water bridge over and through between the tubular
bars of which the fire gases pass out of the furnace. At about the level of the top
of the bridge cross tubes a³ are also formed in the sections A' enclosing the furnace
or fire the tubes being inclined and slightly tapered to promote circulation and being
at such a distance from the top that a clear way is left at E for the passage of
the fire gases between them and the enclosed top tubes a¹ of the boiler. Behind
the bridge section A² are fitted a series of sections A³ of a contour corresponding
to the sections enclosing the fire a water way being formed at the top sides and

page_text: bottom as shown by figure 4 and the top and bottom (or the sides) being connected
by cross or vertical tubes a which present a large heating surface upon which the fire
gases impinge in passing through between them to the chimney opening F at the rear.
The sections last referred to rest upon an open frame G which may be lined on the
inside with fire bricks and which is or may be a prolongation rearwards of the sole
or framing C constituting the ash box ; and the water ways at the base are preferably
of smaller cross sectional area than those at the top the connecting cross or vertical
tubes a being correspondingly tapered in order to promote circulation of the
water through them and to facilitate the operation of removing soot which when
brushed or blown off the tubes drops down, without depositing afresh thercon, into
an open flue space G₁ formed between the sections and the floor within the supporting
sole or framing G. Immediately behind the fire bridge section A² one or more
sections similar to the section A³ may be placed these soctions having no upright or
vertical inside tubes (as a) nor lower cross tube (a2) the outlet side tubes being
similar to those shown in Figure 2, the space between them being open at the bottom
to the flue space G. Between the ash box C and the flue space G¹ a hollow air bridge H
is formed under the water bridge A2 and has in its rear face a number of slits or
perforations through which air after being heated in its course through the bridge
is discharged, and mixing with the fire gases passing through between the tubes a¹ of
water bridge ensures complete combustion of said gases before they pass through
between the cross or vertical tubes as towards the chimney opening F, which is formed
in the top of one or more of the rear sections A³, a battle plate or plates I which may
be swung out to the position indicated in figure 1 being fitted under the outlet to
direct the fire gases downwards on the lower parts of the sections before escaping.
The rear end section A like the front is composed of a water box or slab in which are
doors g g to give access for cleaning between the tubes; and the front and rear
sections are connected together by long bolts J passing through longitudinal water
ways formed from end to end of the sections suitably faced flange joints k being
made between the several sections around the connecting water ways j. The mode of
jointing together the several sections of which the improved boiler is composed is
similar to that adopted in the boilers and heating apparatus described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to excepting that the joints are
vertical or slightly inclined to vertical lines instead of being horizontal or inclined to
horizontal lines the sections enclosing the fire being preferably vertical and those at
the rear of the bridge being inclined.
Long upright narrow cleaning doors are in general provided on each side of the
boiler between all the sections with the exception of the fire box sections and a deep
tapered rim looking outwards is cast on the frames of these and of all the other
cleaning and firing doors as well as on the sole plate or lower frame on which the
boiler rests, so that the boiler can be wholly coated or plastered over outside with non-
conducting composition up to the outside edge of these tapered rims.
When the boilers are intended to be used for heating water for washing or bathing
or commercial purposes instead of for purely warming purposes, suitably faced cleaning
doors may be arranged at the corners of each section and opposite every tube so that
the internal water ways of all parts of the boiler can be thoroughly cleaned out,
without taking the boiler apart.
In addition to the doors in the ash pan C in front under the firing and clinker
doors, doors may be put in the other end of the sole plate or frame G and in the
sides of same where necessary to give access for the removal of dust, soot or
ashes which may be formed or fall into the lower open flue space G' between the
sections and the floor.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is
A
1. The combination of parts constituting the improved hot water boiler herein before
described with reference to the drawings annexed

page_text: 2. A hot water boiler composed of a series of vertical water tube sections enclosing
a furnace and a series of vertical or inclined water tube sections placed in rear thereof
the boiler being extensible lengthwise by adding to the number of sections substantially
as described.
3. In a water boiler an extensible furnace or combustion chamber composed of a
series of vertical water tube sections connected together and enclosing a fire grate
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In a water boiler an extensible flame chamber composed of a series of vertical
water tube sections connected together in rear of a furnace substantially as
hereinbefore described.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents.