IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING MATERIAL, AND IN BOXES, CASES, OR WRAPPERS MADE THEREOF, FOR THE PROTECTION OF BOTTLES AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES, WHICH INVENTION COMPRISES MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING SUCH MATERIAL
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PACKING MATERIAL, AND IN
BOXES, CASES, OR WRAPPERS MADE THEREOF, FOR THE PROTECTION OF
BOTTLES AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES, WHICH INVENTION COMPRISES
MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING SUCH MATERIAL." A communication from
abroad by Robert Henry Thompson, of Brooklyn, and Henry Dole Norris, of
New York, both in the State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PACKING MATERIAL, AND IN BOXES, CASES, OR WRAPPERS MADE THEREOF, FOR
THE PROTECTION OF BOTTLES AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES, WHICH INVENTION
COMPRISES MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING SUCH MATERIAL." [A communication
from abroad by Robert Henry Thompson, of Brooklyn, and Henry Dole Norris, of
New York, both in the State of New York, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to provide cheap and desirable packing material,
and wrappers, cases, or holders more particularly adapted for protecting bottles and
similar fragile articles, but also useful for packing other articles, which will prevent.
breakage or damage during transportation, and also to provide a convenient machine
for making such packing material or devices.
The said improved packing material is composed of corrugated paper, having a
backing or layer of paper or other fabric secured to one or both sides by means of
adhesive substance.

page_text: The corrugated paper furnishes a strong elastic and yielding body, which will
protect a bottle or other article or articles from being broken by sudden jars or
shocks, and the backing or layer of paper or other fabric secured to one or both
sides fixes and maintains the corrugations in the paper.
The packing material so made may be cut into various shapes and formed into
wrappers, boxes, holders, or receptacles conforming to the shape and character of
the bottles or other articles for which they are intended.
The said Invention further comprises a machine of novel construction for
corrugating paper and applying to one side thereof a backing or layer of paper or
other fabric, and which comprises corrugating rollers, by which the paper is
corrugated; means for applying adhesive substance to the backing of paper
or other material, and for regulating the quantity of adhesive substance so applied;
means for producing the travel of the corrugated paper, and the backing and rollers
for printing an advertisement or other matter upon the backing..
The Invention also comprises a machine of novel construction, by means of which
the corrugated paper already having a backing or layer of paper or other material
upon one side has a similar backing or layer applied to its other side, thus forming
a packing composed of corrugated paper, having a paper or other backing upon
each side.
The aforesaid machine is constructed as follows, that is to say:-I provide
parallel rollers adjustably arranged one above another in a suitable frame-work,
and longitudinally fluted or grooved, so that paper passed between them will be
corrugated. These rollers are preferably hollow, and may be heated by steam to
the corrugations of the paper and cause it to retain its form. The paper is
fed from a roll between the rollers, and issues in the form of a continuous corru-
gated or sinuous strip or sheet.
" set
.
The roll of paper or other suitable material for the backing is carried by a rotary
roller or shaft journaled in the frame of the machine. From this roll the backing
paper is drawn forward by a pair of feed-rollers, first under an idler roller or bar,
and thence between a printing or type roller and a pressure roller, by which any
desired advertisement or other matter is printed upon it. The printing or type
roller is inked by a soft inking roller turning in contact with it. In front of the
feed-rollers is arranged a box or receptacle for paste or other adhesive substance,
and there are two paste rollers turning in contact with each other in said box or
receptacle. The packing is inserted under a roller arranged above and midway
between the paste rollers, and which may be hinged at one end to permit of readily
passing the paper under it. The paste rollers by turning in contact are prevented
from taking up too great a quantity of adhesive substance, and the paper being
pressed upon them by a roller has adhesive substance distributed uniformly over
its surface. The paper thence passes under an idler roller and over another roller,
over which the corrugated paper passes. A brush is provided, which is pivoted so
that it may be swung up when desirable, and which when adjusted in one position
bears upon the paper and brushes off superfluous paste, which falls into a box or
receptacle. The corrugated paper now rests upon the backing, and the two are
carried horizontally over a supporting roller, and thence to a take-up roller, upon
which the packing is wound in a continuous roll. Motion is transmitted from the
shaft of the supporting roller to one of the other rollers by means of a belt, to a
take-up roller by a belt, to one of the feed rollers by a belt, and to one of the paste
rollers by means of a belt; hence it will be seen that by varying the speed of the
supporting roller the feed of the corrugated paper and the backing may be properly
regulated, the backing paper having a proper amount of tension upon it, and the
corrugated paper having so little tension that there will be no tendency to straighten
out the corrugations.
Above the machine are two long conical drums, the former of which receives
motion by a belt from one of the corrugating rollers, and the latter of which
transmits such motion to the supporting roller. The conical drums are connected

page_text: by a belt, and it is obvious that by shifting said belt the speed of some of the
rollers may be increased or diminished, while the speed of the corrugating rollers
remains the same.
When it is desired to apply a second backing to the corrugated paper I employ
a machine constructed as follows:-The roll from which the paper is carried
forward between the paste rollers and pressure roller is arranged in a box or
receptacle for paste or other substance similar to that previously described. The
paper is thence carried under an idler roller and over another roller, a brush being
employed to brush off the superfluous adhesive substance. The roll of packing
being removed from the machine first herein described, and placed in suitable
bearings, the packing material is then drawn from the roll, and it and the backing
paper or fabric are passed together under a brush and are attached by a clamp to
an endless travelling band or belt. The band or belt is passed around pulleys
which are mounted in bearings in standards, and motion is imparted to them to
cause the band or belt to travel. The packing and the backing are together thus
drawn forward, and the brush is rotated to press the packing and backing firmly
down upon the table without crushing the packing, and cause them to adhere
firmly together. The packing cannot be conveniently rolled, and is drawn out to a
suitable length by the band or belt, and is then cut off and laid to one side to dry,
and a hub or collar upon the band or belt is loosed and moved back to permit of
the attachment of the clamp to the packing to be further drawn out. When the
band or belt is stopped the drag of the packing would naturally tend to move the
band or belt backwards, and this may be prevented by a spring-actuated stop-
pawl engaging with a ratchet-wheel upon the shaft of one of the pulleys. Rotary
motion is transmitted from a driving shaft to the brush by a belt, and also to a
roller by means of a belt, and from this roller motion is transmitted by a belt to
one of the paste rollers. Instead of having the paste-rollers dip into the paste in
either form of machine a rotary brush might dip into the box and transmit
adhesive substance to them.
Various forms of wrappers, holders, boxes, or receptacles for bottles and other
articles may be made from this packing material. For instance, a cylindric case or
tube open at both ends and composed of the corrugated paper and a single backing.
This form of case or tube is formed by cutting a piece of packing of proper size,
bending it into cylindric form and pasting a piece over the longitudinal joint
between the two ends of the packing, and it should be made of a size to fit snugly
over a bottle. A wrapper for a rectangular bottle is composed of corrugated paper
and a single backing. The corrugations extend transversely instead of longi-
tudinally, and the two meeting edges are not fastened together, but the packing is
held around the bottle by an external wrapper of thin paper, printed as may be
desired. After the bottle is inserted a top piece or cover may be laid over the top
of the bottle and also secured by the aforesaid external wrapper. This top piece
or cover is composed of corrugated paper and backings secured to both sides
thereof. A wrapper may also be made composed of a piece of thin paper or suitable
material, having secured upon it a piece of packing composed of corrugated paper and
a backing, and having adhesive substance applied to one margin of the thin paper.
This wrapper is applied by rolling the bottle up in it and securing the overlapping
portion of the adhesive substance. In lieu of corrugated paper in this particular
wrapper the backing might have granulated cork or other soft or elastic material
secured to it by adhesive substance. A rectangular box may be composed of
external corrugated paper and internal backing, the corrugations extending
tranversely around the box, and it having a hinged cover. This may be used for a
square or rectangular bottle, or for other purposes. A small box suitable for
containing "Charlotte de Rûsse" may be made of external corrugated paper and
internal backing. The lower portion is slightly contracted and forms a seal upon
which a removable bottom may rest. These boxes may be packed in a very small
compass by pushing the bottom out and crushing the sides together. A portfolio

page_text: or holder for pictures or drawings may be made of internal corrugated paper
having corrugations extending transversely and an external backing. If desirable
a small stick or piece of wood may be inserted inside the portfolio or holder as for
the purpose of increasing its rigidity.
By creasing the corrugated paper of the packing in a line transversely to the
corrugations the packing may be readily bent at right angles, and the corners of
rectangular holders, boxes, or receptacles conveniently formed.
The packing material heretofore described is of considerable strength and
very light, and hence adds little to the weight of articles and the cost of
transportation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th September 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PACKING MATERIAL, AND IN BOXES, CASES, OR WRAPPERS MADE THEREOF, FOR
THE PROTECTION OF BOTTLES AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES; WHICH INVENTION
COMPRISES MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING SUCH MATERIAL." A communication
from abroad by Robert Henry Thompson, of Brooklyn, and Henry Dole Norris, of
New York, both in the State of New York, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to provide cheap and desirable packing material
and wrappers, cases, or holders formed therefrom, more particularly adapted for
protecting bottles and similar fragile articles, but also useful for packing other
articles, which material will prevent breakage or damage during transportation ;
and also to provide convenient machinery for making such packing material.
The said improved. packing material is composed of corrugated paper having a
backing or layer of paper or other fabric secured to one or both sides by means of
an adhesive substance. The corrugated paper furnishes a strong elastic and yielding
body which will protect a bottle or other article or articles from being broken
by sudden jars or shocks, and the backing or layer of paper or other fabric secured
to one or both sides fixes and maintains the corrugations in the paper. The
packing material so made may be cut into various shapes and formed into wrappers,
boxes, or receptacles conforming to the shape and character of the bottles or other
articles for which they are intended, all as more fully hereinafter described..
The said Invention partly consists in a machine of novel construction for
corrugating paper and applying to one side thereof a backing or layer of paper
or other fabric, and which comprises corrugating rollers by which the paper is
corrugated; means for applying adhesive substance to the backing of paper or other
material, and for regulating the quantity of adhesive substance so applied; means
for producing the travel of the corrugated paper and the backing, and rollers for
printing an advertisement or other matter upon the backing.
The said Invention (also comprises a machine of novel construction by means of
which the corrugated paper already having a backing or layer of paper or other
material upon one side has a similar backing or layer applied to its other side, thus
forming a packing material composed of corrugated paper having a paper or other
backing upon each side.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a machine for corrugating paper and
applying a backing to one side thereof.
Figure 2 represents a similar section of a machine for subsequently applying a
similar backing to the other side of the corrugated paper; and
Figures 3 to 10 represent several different forms of wrappers, holders, boxes, or
receptacles, all formed from the above described packing material.
Referring first to Figure 1, A, A¹, designate parallel rollers adjustably arranged
one above the other in a suitable frame-work Band longitudinally fluted or grooved
so that paper passed between them will be corrugated. These rollers are preferably
hollow and may be heated by steam to "set" the corrugations of the paper and
cause it to retain its form. The paper a is fed from a roll between the rollers and
issues in the form of a continuous corrugated or sinuous strip or sheet; C designates
a roll of paper or other suitable material for the backing carried by a rotary roller
or shaft journalled in the frame D of the machine. From this roll the backing

page_text: In
paper bis drawn forward by a pair of feed-rollers c, c, first under an idle roller or
bar and thence between a printing or type-roller e and a pressure-roller e¹, by which
any desired advertisement or other matter is printed upon it. The printing or
type roller is inked by a soft inking roller f turning in contact therewith.
front of the feed rollers c, c, is arranged a box or receptacle E for paste or other
.adhesive substance, and g, g, designate two paste-rollers turning in contact with
each other in the said box or receptacle. The packing or paper b is inserted under
a roller h arranged above and midway between the paste-rollers, and which may
be hinged at one end to permit of readily passing the paper 6 under it. The paste-
rollers g, g, by turning in contact are prevented from taking up too great a quantity of
adhesive substance, and the paper 6 being pressed upon them by the roller h has
adhesive substance distributed uniformly over the surface. The paper b thence
passes under an idle-roller h¹ and over a roller F, over which the corrugated paper a
passes. G designates, a brush which is pivoted so that it may be swung up when
desirable and which when adjusted to the position shewn bears upon the paper b,
and brushes off superfluous paste which falls into the box or receptacle E. The
corrugated paper a now rests upon the backing and the two are carried
horizontally over a supporting roller H, and thence to a take-up roller I upon
which the packing material is wound in a continuous roll. Motion is transmitted
from the shaft of the supporting roller H to the roller F by means of a belt F', to
the take-up roller I by a belt I, to one of the feed-rollers c by a belt c', and to one
of the paste-rollers g by means of a belt g'; hence it will be seen that by varying
the speed of the roller H the feed of the corrugated paper a and the backing paper b
may be properly regulated, the backing paper having a proper amount of tension
upon it, and the corrugated paper having so little tension that there will be no
tendency to straighten out the corrugations.
Above the machine are two long conical drums J, J¹, the former of which
receives motion by a belt i from one of the corrugating rollers A, and the latter of
which transmits such motion to the roller H. The said conical drums J, J', are
connected by a belt i, and it is obvious that by shifting the said belt the speed of
the rollers F, H, I, c, c, g, g, may be increased or diminished while the speed of the
corrugating rollers remains the same.
When it is desired to apply a second backing to the corrugated paper the machine
shewn in Figure 2 is employed, which I will now describe. K designates a roll of
paper from which the paper b' is carried forward between the paste-rollers g, g, and
pressure-roller h is arranged in a box or receptacle E for paste or other substance
similar to that previously described. The paper b¹ is thence carried under an idle-
roller j, and over a roller L similar to the roller F in Figure 1, a brush G¹ similar
to the brush G being employed to brush off the superfluous adhesive substance.
The roll I of packing material is removed from the machine, shewn in Figure 1,
and placed in suitable bearings in the machine shewn in Figure 2. The packing
material is then drawn from the roll I, and it and the backing paper or fabric b¹
are passed together under a brush M and are attached by a clamp k to an endless
travelling band or belt N, the said band or belt N is passed around pulleys N, N¹,
which are mounted in bearings in standards O, and motion is imparted to them to
cause the band or belt N to travel in the direction of the arrow. The packing
material and the backing 6' are together thus drawn forward, and the brush M is
rotated to press the packing and backing firmly down upon the table or bed 0¹
without crushing the packing material and cause them to adhere firmly together.
The packing material cannot be conveniently rolled and is drawn out to a suitable
length by the band or belt N, and is then cut off and allowed to dry, and the hub
or collar upon the band or belt N is loosened and moved back to permit of the
attachment of the clamp to the packing material to be further drawn out. When
the band or belt, N is stopped the drag of the packing material would naturally
tend to move the band or belt backwards, and this may be prevented by a spring-
actuated stop-pawl m engaging with a ratchet wheel n upon the shaft of the
pulley N. Rotary motion is transmitted from a driving shaft o to the brush M by

page_text: a belt o' and also to a roller L by means of a belt o², and from this roller L motion
is transmitted by a belt o³ to one of the paste-rollers g. Instead of having the
rollers g, g, dip into the paste E in either form of machine a rotary brush might dip
into the box E and transmit adhesive substance to them.
In the Drawing are illustrated several forms of wrappers, holders, boxes, or
receptacles for bottles and other articles which may be made from this packing
material; Figure 3 represents a cylindrical case or tube open at both ends and
composed of the corrugated paper a and a single packing 'b. This form of case or tube
is formed by cutting a piece of the packing material of proper size and bending it
into a cylindrical form and pasting a piece a² over the longitudinal joint between
the two ends of the packing material; it should be made of a size to fit snugly
over a bottle. The wrapper shewn in Figure 4 is for a rectangular bottle and is
composed of corrugated paper a and a single backing b. The corrugations extend
transversely instead of longitudinally, and the two meeting edges r are not fastened
together, but the packing material is held around the bottle by an external wrapper
of thin paper printed upon as may be desired. After the bottle is inserted a
top piece or cover shewn in Figure 5 may be laid over the top of the bottle and
also secured by the aforesaid external wrapper. This top piece or cover is shewn
as composed of corrugated paper a and the backings b, b, secured to both sides
thereof. The wrapper shewn in plan or top view in Figure 6, and in section in
Figure 7, is composed of a piece of thin paper or suitable material P, having secured
upon it a piece of packing material composed of corrugated paper and a backing b
and having adhesive substance P¹ applied to one margin of the said piece b. This
wrapper is applied by rolling the bottle up in it and securing the overlapping
portion by the adhesive substance P¹. Instead of corrugated paper in this
particular wrapper the backing might have granulated cork or other soft or elastic
material secured to it by adhesive substance; Figure 8 represents a rectangular
box composed of external corrugated paper a and internal backing b, the corrugations
extending transversely arround the box and the said box being provided with a
hinged cover. This form of box may be used for a square or rectangular bottle or
for other purposes; Figure 9 represents a small box suitable for containining
Charlotte de Russe composed of external corrugated paper a and internal
backing b. The lower portion R is slightly contracted and forms a seat upon which a
removable bottom R¹ may rest. These boxes may be packed in a very small
compass by pushing the bottom out and crushing the sides together; Figure 10
represents a portfolio or holder for pictures or drawings composed of internal
corrugated paper a, having corrugations extending transversely and an external
backing b. If desirable a small stick or piece of wood may be inserted inside the
portfolio or holder as shewn in dotted lines at s for the purpose of increasing its
rigidity.
By creasing the corrugated paper of the packing material in a line transversely
to the corrugations, the packing material may be readily bent at right angles,
and the corners of rectangular holders, boxes, or receptacles conveniently formed.
The packing material above described is of considerable strength and very light,
and hence adds little to the weight of articles to which it is applied and the cost
of transportation.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First, The packing material herein shown and described for the purposes above .
set forth.
Second. The cylindrical case or tube composed of internal corrugated paper, and
an external backing, substantially as shewn and described.
Third. The rectangular wrapper or holder composed of internal corrugated paper
and an external backing, and adapted to be secured upon a bottle by an external
wrapper or cover, substantially as shewn and described.
Fourth. The wrapper composed of a piece of paper or other material having

page_text: packing material secured to its face and adhesive substance applied to its margin,
substantially as shewn and described.
Fifth. The rectangular box composed of external corrugated paper and an internal
backing, and having a hinged cover composed of like material, substantially as
shown and described.
Sixth. The cylindrical box composed of external corrugated paper and an
internal backing, and having a contracted lower portion and a removable bottom,
substantially as shewn and described.
Seventh. The portfolio or holder composed of internal corrugated paper and an
external backing, substantially as shown and described.
Eighth. The machine herein shewn and described for corrugating paper and
applying a backing on one side of the said corrugated paper.
Ninth. The machine herein shown and described for applying a second backing
to a packing material composed of corrugated paper, and a packing upon one side
thereof.
Tenth. The combination with the roller over which the corrugated paper and
backing are drawn, of the hinged brush for removing superfluous adhesive substance
from the backing, substantially as shewn and described.
Eleventh. The combination with the feeding rollers, the paste-rollers, the take-up
roller, and the roller H from which they all derive motion, of the conical drums
through which motion is transmitted to the said roller H, substantially as shown
and described.
Twelfth. The combination with the roller over which the corrugated paper and
backing are drawn, of the bed, the rotary brush and mechanism for drawing the
packing material under the brush, substantially as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. KOB, LAKE.
(L.S.)

page_text: P
FIC.9.
b