Improvements in Oil, Gas and Analogous Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil, Gas and Analogous Motors.
I EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON of Arden, Cornwall Road, Harrogate, in the
County of York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to motors actuated by the explosion or combustion of
gas vapour or spray as is now well understood. In oil motors I vapourise the
oil or spirit in an annular chamber formed by a removable ring fitting into the
firing chamber. The oil is admitted to the lower part of the chamber so that an
accumulation of vapour tends to force back the oil. The said chamber if not
sufficiently hot for all purposes may overflow into a supplementary vapouriser
keated by flame from its own gas or vapour or otherwise. I may use any suitable
form of vapouriser fed in the stated manner. I may apply a valve on the supply
pipe to open backward so as to allow a quicker return flow of the oil or spirit. I
make the cylinder valves of a conical form so that they find their own seats and I
dispense as much as possible with bearings for the valve spindles the spring
keeping one end in position and the valve the other end. I mount the valves in
tubular cases having valve shoulders near their lower ends such cases being held
in their seatings by means of a clamp so that they can be lifted out for cleaning
purposes.
In oil and gas motors the generated gas or vapour is admitted to the cylinder
at the proper times by opening a gas valve such valve being controlled by the
governor so as to open earlier or later in the stroke as may be required by the
work. In one method of effecting this control I use an electric governor having
revolving contact maker which in its revolution touches a central block so
formed as that the contact maker touches earlier at a lower revolving velocity
and later at a higher velocity the contact maker varying its distance from the axis
according to the varying speed. The electric current acts through an electro-
magnet to open the gas valve. In lieu of the magnet I may use an arrange-
ment similar to a "cut-off motion" but arranged to open later instead of to
cut-off." To check the mixing of the gas with the previously admitted air I
may provide the firing chamber with a partition or with partitions of thin metal
or of a tubular or cellar form.
In some cases I dispense with piston rings using a grooved piston freely lubri-
cated as for example I use a long piston which will project considerably bevond
the cylinder end at the outer stroke and I cause a constant stream of oil or liquid
te flow onto such protruding part or I lift or force the liquid into an annular
channel in the cylinder at the cylinder end. The liquid may be lifted by a
revolving catcher and delivered therefrom by means of a pipe having a receiving
mouth. In some cases I carry the crank-shaft upon anti-friction wheels one
wheel in each set being mounted upon a lever so as to be adjustable. In some
cases I fix both or all the lower wheels upon one shaft such wheels being large
enough for the shaft to clear the cranks and connecting rod ends,

page_text: I may use anti-friction wheels for the connecting rod ends. In the cases of
motors having opposed cylinders such for example as four cylinder motors I joint
the connecting rod of one cylinder to the rod of the other at a point behind the
crank-pin bearing.
I perforate the cylinder jacket or provide for air to flow through the space
within the jacket the air current being induced by an ejector blast from the
exhaust.
To aid in the cooling when using an enclosed crank-shaft casing I provide inlet
and outlet valve passages so that air is pumped in and out by the action of the
pistons. The incoming air may be directed into the cylinder. The out-going
air may be caused to sound a whistle or horn or a reed sounder. The in-flowing
air may be drawn through a strainer when the motor is in an enclosed chamber.
Dated this 12th day of December 1896.
Improvements in Oil, Gas and Analogous Motors.
I EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON of Arden Cornwall Road Harrogate in the
County of York Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to motors actuated by the explosion or combustion of gas
vapour or spray as is now well understood. "In oil motors I vapourise the oil or
spirit in an annular chamber formed by a removable metal ring fitting into the
firing chamber. The liquid is admitted to the lower part of the chamber so that
an accumulation of vapour tends to force back the liquid. The said chamber if
not sufficiently hot may overflow into a supplementary vapouriser heated by flame
from its own gas or otherwise. I make the valves of a conical form so that they
find their own seating and I dispense with bearings for the valve spindles. I
mount the valves in tubular cases having valve shoulders near their lower ends
the cases being held in their seats by clamps so that they can be lifted out for
cleaning purposes.
In oil and gas motors the gas or vapour is allowed to mix with the air entering
the cylinder by opening a gas valve which is controlled by the governor so as to
open earlier or later in the stroke as may be required by the work.
In one method of effecting this control I use an electric governor having a
revolving contact maker in connection with an electro magnet which opens the
gas valve.
A stream of oil is discharged into the cylinder and on to the end of the piston.
I carry the crank-shaft upon antifriction wheels one wheel in each set being
mounted upon a lever so as to be adjustable. To aid in the cooling when using
an enclosed crank-shaft I provide inlet and outlet valves so that heated air is
discharged and cool air drawn in and directed into the cylinder.
I will describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 of the said drawings represents a vertical section of the cylinder of an
oil or gas motor. In the said fig, a is the cylinder casing which is formed at
the rear end to receive a metal ring b which constitutes a lining to the firing
chamber. This ring is formed with outer flanges which fit the bored chamber
and enclose an annular space c. The cylinder cover d fits against the outer face of
the ring packings of asbestos or other suitable packings being used to make gas-
tight joints. A pipe e connects the lower part of the space c with the oil supply
reservoir so that oil or spirit will tend to flow upward into such space. When the

page_text: wall of the firing chamber becomes sufficiently heated the oil will be vapourised
and the gas or vapour-if produced in excess of the requirements will force back
part of the oil toward the reservoir. The supply is thus rendered automatic and
a nearly constant pressure is maintained in the gas chamber. The generated gas
passes through a pipe e from the highest part of the space to the firing chamber
the supply being controlled by any suitable form of valve which is opened at the
required times by suitable means or in the manner hereinafter indicated. If the
heat of the firing chamber be not sufficient to vapourise the oil the latter may
overflow from the upper part of the space c into a gas generator heated by a flame
or lamp or by suitable means or in cases wherein the ring 6 would not be used
the pipe e may supply the oil to any suitable form of gas generator or vapouriser
adapted for the liquid to flow upward so that whenever the gas accumulates.
sufficiently to fill the generator the pressure will clear the generator of liquid and
so check and regulate the production of gas or vapour. The supply of oil may be
free or be regulated but in the latter case it may be advisable to apply a back-
pressure valve to permit a free return flow of oil toward the reservoir so as to check
an excessive production of gas. The air inlet valve is shown as seated in the
cylinder cover. The said valve is mounted in a tubular case f which is formed
at f with a conical shoulder fitting a seat in the bored chamber formed to receive
the valve case. The said case is formed with a collar whereby the case may be
forced down by means of a clamp and screws or bolts. On the clamp being
3
removed the valve case can be lifted out for any purpose. The valve is of a
conical form and is carried by a spindle g' which is acted upon by a spiral spring
to close the valve as is usual but is not fitted to slide in a hearing the valve being
free to adjust itself to its seating. It is expected that valves so mounted will not
be so liable to stick and that the spindle may be made lighter than usual.
Fig. 2 illustrates an electric governor and Fig. 3 a gas valve for use in connection
with such governor. In Fig. 2 h is a loaded lever which is mounted upon a
fulcrum carried by a part which is fixed upon the ordinary cam shaft or is
caused to revolve-say at half the speed of the crank-shaft. The tendency of the
lever to fly outward is checked by an adjustable spring j. A finger 4' is mounted
upon the lever and is kept in contact with a pin by means of a light spring. As
the part revolves the said finger is carried around a fixed insulator piece A which
carries a brass or metal segment k which is formed with a curved surface increas-
ing in distance from the central axis from end to end of such surface as is shown.
The parts are so adjusted as that the end of the finger may come in contact with
the segment at its end of shortest radius at the commencement of the outward
in-drawing stroke of the piston and pass off the segment at the end of such stroke.
Arrangements are made to cause the contact of the finger with the segment to
make an electric circuit which will put in action a magnet to open the gas valve.
The finger comes in contact with the segment earlier or later according as the
motor may be running below or above its normal speed. In Fig. 3 represents a
gas supply valve which may be of any suitable form and m is an electro magnet
which is in communication with the segment in Fig. 2. On the finger h¹
making contact with the said segment the magnet will attract the armature w
whereby the valve spindle will be drawn inward to open the valve. It will be
apparent that in the case of a two cylinder motor two segments must be provided
the part being made of an oval form. The intention is that when the motor has
a light load air alone shall be drawn in for the first part of the stroke of the piston
and he followed by an explosive mixture which would not have time to become
thoroughly mixed with the air first admitted. I may use a taper or variable cam
of an ordinary or suitable form acting upon levers and parts to open the gas valve
earlier or later such cam being acted upon by an ordinary or suitable governor.
Fig. 4 illustrates the means I employ to lubricate the piston or pistons. An
annular oil catcher » is carried by the fly-wheel or is caused to revolve rapidly so
as to carry the oil around. A curved pipe o has an open mouth into which oil
passes and is caused by its acquired momentum to flow through the pipe. The

page_text: oil is conveyed by a connected pipe or conduit to a pipe seen at o' in Fig. 1 which
pipe delivers a stream of oil on to the piston when it projects beyond the end of the
cylinder and discharges oil into the cylinder when the piston does not project.
I do not claim this method of causing a flow of oil as new as I have previously
used such method for a different purpose. The oil passes out of the casing into
the oil catcher so that a constant circulation is maintained during the running of
the motor.
P
Fig. 5 illustrates the improved method of mounting the crank-shaft of the motor.
The crank-shaft is sustained by anti-friction wheels three wheels taking the place
of one ordinary bearing. In the example the three wheels indicated at gr
The wheels have axles which are mounted in bearings formed in a plates and
in the framing of the motor or in parts fixed thereto. The wheel r is carried by
a levert which is hinged by one end to the plate and framing the other end
resting upon an excentric which can be turned so as to raise or lower the lever
end whereby the wheel is adjusted with relation to the other wheels. The form of
the said lever and the method of adjusting the same may be varied.
In the example r represents a pair of wheels the lever being situated between
the two wheels but a single wheel and a double or slotted lever may be used or I
may fix the two wheels of the two crank-shaft bearings upon one shaft making
such wheels large enough for the crank to clear the said shaft.
Fig. 6 illustrates the method of cooling the interior of the cylinder or of each
cylinder in cases wherein the crank-shaft is enclosed in a casing. I provide the
enclosed space with inlet and outlet valves so that a pumping action is produced
and I convey the indrawn air through a pipe-represented by t-which discharges
a current of air into the cylinder and hollow piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. The reinovable ring b for the purpose set forth.
2. Admitting oil or spirit from the reservoir into the lowest part of a heated
chamber or generator and passing the gas or vapour out from the upper part of
such chamber the oil or spirit being free to flow forward or backward in the supply
pipe as the pressure in the said chamber may vary as and for the purpose set forth.
3. In connection with a gas supply valve: an electro magnet and an electric
governor substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
4. A gas supply valve in combination with a governor and intermediate parts
acting to open the said valve earlier or later in the indrawing stroke of the piston
as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The oil catcher n the pipe o in connection with the discharge pipe o sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. The combination of parts substantially as and for the purpose set forth with
reference to the air valve in Fig. 1.
7. The bearing or support for the crank-shaft substantially as set forth with
reference to Fig. 5 of the drawings.
8. Providing the crank-shaft casing or chamber with air inlet and outlet valves
and arranging for the indrawn air to be discharged into the cylinder or cylinders
as set forth.
13111
ca
1
100˚
EDWARD K. DUTTON.