IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN, AND PULSE AND SEEDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Noah Paxman and Henry Matthews Davey,
of the Standard Iron Works, Colchester, in the County of Essex,
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING WHEAT AND
OTHER GRAIN, AND PULSE AND SEEDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 7th January 1868, and dated the 10th July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Noah Paxman
and Henry Matthews Davey at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th July 1867.
We, JAMES NOAH PAXMAN and HENRY MATTHEWS DAVEY, of the Standard
Iron Works, Colchester, in the County of Essex, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING WHEAT AND
OTHER GRAIN, AND PULSE AND SEEDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement for drying wheat, barley, oats,
rye, peas, beans, and other grain, pulse, or seeds, and consists of a cylinder or.
chamber within which may be placed one or more other cylinders or chambers
heated by steam or other means, and through which cylinders or chambers the
wheat, barley, or other substances to be dried are caused to pass, such sub-

page_text: stances being kept in constant agitation whilst a current or blast of hot air is
made to pass through the cylinders or chambers and so disperse or dispel
the moisture from the substance or substances under treatment.
The means hitherto adopted for drying the substances above named have
been laborious and expensive, and no arrangement has yet been adopted for
thrashing and drying grain under one continuous operation. The above-
described arrangement may be attached to a steam thrashing machine, and
steam supplied for working the same from the boiler of the engine, or in any
other convenient manner. The hot air or blast may be supplied when
required in addition to the heat conveyed by the cylinders from a portable
stove or other suitable means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Noah Paxman and Henry Matthews Davey in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
NOAH PAXMAN and HENRY MATTHEWS DAVEY, of the Standard Iron Works,
Colchester, in the County of Essex, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Noah Paxman and Henry Matthews Davey, Her special license that
we, the said James Noah Paxman and Henry Matthews Davey, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Noah
Paxman and Henry Matthews Davey, our executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN, AND PULSE AND SEEDS;
THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said James Noah Paxınan and Henry Matthews
Davey, our executors and administrators; by an instrument in writing under
our hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed',
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Noah Paxman and Henry
Matthews Davey, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked.thereon,
that is to say:
Our said Invention relates to an arrangement for drying wheat, barley,
malt, oats, rye, peas, beans, and other grain, pulse, or seeds, and consists of
a cylinder or chamber within which may be placed one or more other cylinders
or chambers beated by steam or other means, and through which cylinders or
chambers the wheat, barley, or other substance to be dried are caused to
pass, such substances being kept in constant agitation whilst a current or blast
of air is made to pass through the cylinders or chambers and so disperse or
dispel the moisture from the substance or substances under treatment. When
the blast of air is required to be hot it is derived from a stove or furnace or
from or by means of gas, steam, or other suitable means, and such air may be
forced or drawn through the chambers by means of fans, pumps, bellows,
or other suitable apparatus. The means hitherto adopted for drying the
substances above named have been laborious and expensive, and no arrange-
ment has yet been adopted for thrashing and drying grain under one continuous
operation. The above-described arrangement may be attached to a steam
thrashing machine, and steam supplied for working the same from the boiler
of the engine, or in any other convenient manner.
The hot air or blast may
be supplied when required in addition to the heat conveyed by the cylinders
from a portable stove or other suitable means.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters
of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of our Drawings represents a side elevation of our improved
apparatus for drying grain; Figure 2 is an end view of the same; and Figure $
is a transverse section of the drying chambers.
A is a cylindrical vessel or chamber carried by the end standards B, in
this chamber three other smaller chambers C,.C¹, C", (Figure 3) are fitted,
through which last-named chambers the grain to be dried is caused to pass by
the action of the agitators D, which extends throughout the entire length of
the chambers.
E is a feeding hopper for receiving the grain to be dried

page_text: direct from the thrashing machine or otherwise. This hopper is in communi-
cation with the upper cylinder C, and is provided with a feeding roller F and
an adjustable slide G for regulating the admission of the grain to the drying
chamber. His a stove for supplying hot air to the interior of the chambers,
a fan blower I being employed for forcing such air into and amongst the grain
under treatment, the admission of the hot air is regulated by.. a damper or
valve K, and in order to regulate the temperature of the air a valve L is
provided for the admission of cold air when required; a thermometer M is
place in. the passage through which the air passes to the chamber, by means
of which the degree of temperature may be readily ascertained. In some
cases it may be advantageous to use steam as the drying medium, in which
case the steam is. admitted into the outer cylinder A through the steam pipe
N leading from the boiler of the engine of a steam thrashing machine. with
which our improved drying apparatus may be combined, or from any other
convenient source; the steam after having circulated round and about the
exterior of the internal chamber. escapes through the pipe O. These steam
pipes may be provided with stop-cocks or valves for regulating the admission
and escape of the steam; if desired both steam and hot air may be employed
at the same time, the one acting on the exterior of the chamber, and the other
in the interior and amongst the grain. R is the driving wheel, which may be
worked by the handle S, or by steam or other power in any suitable way.
This wheel is fitted on to one end of the shaft T carried in bearings Uhed
to the outer cylinder A. This shaft carries a pinion V which is maue w gear
with a toothed wheel W fitted on to one end of the shaft or spindle X carrying
the agitators which work in the chamber C. Motion is imparted to the
agitators in the chamber C of the toothed wheel a gearing with the wheel W.
On the opposite end of the spindle X there is fitted another toothed wheel b,
which imparts motion to the agitators in the chamber C" by gearing with the
wheel c. The feeding roller F is actuated by means of the band d, which
passes round the pulley e carried by the spindle of the roller and the pulley f
carried on the spindle X. 9 is a driving band for imparting motion to the fan
blower I by passing round the driving wheel R and the pulley h carried by the
fan spindle. The grain to be dried, which may be delivered direct from the
thrashing machine or otherwise into the hopper E, is fed by the roller F into
the upper drying chamber C; it is there acted on and propelled to the further
end thereof by the agitators D, and then descends through a suitable aperture
into the next lower chamber C', where it is again agitated and propelled the
entire length of this chamber, and made to descend into the third and lowest
chamber C", where it is again similarly acted on, and finally issues through the

page_text: When
delivery spout in a perfectly dry state, hot air having been forced into
and amongst the grain during its passage through the chambers.
this apparatus is attached to a steam thrashing machine, it may be made to
take the place of the ordinary barley hummeler, the agitator in the chamber
C being made to perform the operation of horning the barley; the standards
B, the feed roller F, and the hopper E are then dispensed with.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the treatment of wheat and other grain and pulse and seeds by
passing the same through cylinders or chambers provided with internal
agitators and enclosed in an outer casing or chamber for the purpose herein-
before described.
Second, the combination with a steam thrashing machine of apparatus for
receiving and drying the grain direct from the thrashing machine, as herein-
before described.
Third, the system or mode of drying grain, pulse, or seeds by causing a
current of of air to be forced into and amongst the same whilst in a state of
agitation in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Noah Paxman and Henry
Matthews Davey, have to this our Specification set our hands and
scals, this Eighth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight.
JAMES NOAH PAXMAN.
(L.S.)
HENRY MATTHEWS DAVEY. (L.S.)