Improved Means for Automatically Controlling Ventilation and Heating.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th July, 1891-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1891
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Automatically Controlling Ventilation and
Heating.
JAMES GRATTON, Engineer, 3 Peel Terrace, Peel Street, Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be automatic to act at 'any
required temperature for ventilating by expansion & electricity, the apperatus
is "worked by electricity, by magnet or battery or any other suitable form of
battery. It will be brought into action by the temperature of the room or
place forcing the mercury up the thermometer, the wires from coil battery
having been connected to contact wires in thermometer, it will cause an action
& so pull 'piston down into coil, should the temperature rise higher it will bring
the next battery above into action & so open the ventilater wider. The
piston should be connected to the ventilater with the necessary appliances such as
levers, cranks, tees, rocking hafts, elbows &c. I. can apply the." Automatic
Ventilater" to windows, doors, grids, slides, ventilaters in roofs and ventilaters of
all 'discriptions madé applicable, such as the ventilators of large lecture halls,
conservatories, green houses & hot houses, dwelling houses, stables, stoves, ships,
banks, schools, factories, mills, offices, theatres, railway carriages & vehicles, mines,
baths, ovens, barns, sewers &c. the appliance may be applied to ventilaters that
are inaccessible to other means, by providing the necessary gear for applying the
action: The thermometer shall consist of a tube made in various forms, with wire!
let into the centre, the tube shall be made of glass, pot, earthenware, metal or
any other suitable material just as the nature of the case may require. The tube.
shall contain mercury or any other spirit or liquid that will expand by heat, the
action shall be by expansion, as the liquid rises in the tube, it will come in contact.
with the copper or any other suitable wire. The coil or any other suitable battery,
running into the centre of the tube, the wires of suitable batteries may be connected
on to one of the wires in the theremometer tube at which the ventilators are
required to open-say 70.
The ventilator as before explained will close the valves of the heating apparatus
in halls, churches, chapels or any places that are heated by heating apparatus.
The points of contact may be fixed at any required distance, only useing those
or connecting those at the various heights of temperature that the place or nature
of the case may require to open or close at.
Dated this 24th day of September 1890
JAMES GRATTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Automatically Controlling Ventilation and
Heating.
JAMES GRATTON, Engineer, 3 Peel Terrace Peel Street Nottingham do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The nature of my invention is to be automatic, to act at any required tempera-
ture for ventilating by expansion and electricity..
The apparatus is worked' by expansion electric magnets and batteries, it will be
brought into action by the temperature of the room or place of which the regulation
is required in the following manner.
When the temperature rises it, will connect the circuit with the batteries and
[Price d

page_text: magnet which will cause a movement or action to take place that will open the
ventilators and close dampers and valves in heating apparatus &c.
Should the temperature again fall below the required point, the ventilators
will close at once, opening dampers, valves &c. as may be required. I can apply
the apparatus to opening and closing of taps, valves, and dampers, in heating
apparatuses either in connection with the ventilators, or seperate as may be
required, that is to say should the temperature of any place by the use of the
heating apparatus, rise up to, or above the point required, I can open and close
the taps, valves, doors and dampers, made applicable, and thereby regulate the
temperature, by controling the heating apparatus in the same way as I can
regulate the temperature by controling the ventilators, the apparatus may be
applied to ventilators and heating appliances that are inaccessable to other means
by providing the neccessary gear for applying the action. I can controle the
temperature of incubators by opening and closing taps, valves, doors, and dampers,
of oil gas, steam, hotwater, fire, or other means, by which the incubators may
be heated, for the regulation of incubators I should place the thermometor
where the regulation of temperature or heat is required. I can regulate and
controle the heat of liquors by placing the thermometor in the liquor required to
be controled or regulated, and applying the apparatus in the manner above
described to the taps, valves, doors and dampers that controle the consumption of.
fuel and production of heat, such as may be required in chemical works, brewerys
distillarys, mettle works, etc., where the liquors, spirits, mettles, etc. are required
to be kept up to one particular heat for a considerable time, or where the heat is
required to be under mynute controle, I can in the same manner regulate the heat in
steam boilers, where regularity and saifty is required where oil, gas, or fuel, is used
to produce heat, I can apply the invention to controle the consumption by the
heat produced.
I can apply the automatic ventilator to windows, doors, grids, ventilators in
roofes, to ventilators of all discriptions made applicable.
Such as the ventilators of large lecture halls, conservatories, green-houses, hot
houses, dwelling houses, stables, stoves, ships banks, schools, factories, mills,
offices, theatres, railway carriages, vehicles, mines, baths, ovens, barns, sewers or
places of any kind where the ventilation requires to be controlled.
The appliance may be applied to ventilators that are inaccessable to other
means, will now explain the separate parts of this automatic invention with
names, numbers and letters by which they may be known and distinguished.
P small coil. P1 small magnet on end of lever A. A lever actuated by
magnet. J adjustable centre pin on which A lever works. A. C. link or rod that
connects A and B levers.
B. Lever by which f. e. are worked.
J 2. Adjustable centre pin on which B lever works.
E1. E2. E3. Adjustable centre pins in slots as shown at 15ª in C L rod.
J 3. Adjustable centre pin on which H. G lever works.
J4. Adjustable centre pin on which K lever works.
C L. Main rod by which the connection is made from S L lever to the
ventilators, this rod is slotted as shown at 15ª to receive E 1. E 2. E 3. adjustable
pins.
S. L. Lever by which the motion is given from solenoids to main rod CL,
this lever is actuated on adjustable knife edge, centres and balanced with a weight.
·
J 5. Fulcrum or centre on which S L lever is balanced.
7. Centre on which M magnet works.
8. Centre on which S L lever actuates on J 5. fulcrum.
5. Centre on which M 2 magnet works.
4. Centre to which adjustable arm A 4ª is attached.
N 1. D 1. Ends of S L lever.
D and N. Switch blocks on K and H lever these are insulated from the lever as
shown at

page_text: K. H G. Cam levers to which are attached D and N switch blocks.
12. Sketch of greenhouse showing how the apparatus is attached.
13. 14. Two kinds of windows showing how they may be attached.
I will now explain the thermometer its use and how made.
The frame will be made of wood, iron, tin, zink, copper, earthenware or other.
material that may be required, to suit various purposes the thermometer may be
used for, the tube will be of glass and charged with mercury, spirits or other liquid
that will expand by heat and conduct an electric current, the tube shall have a wire
let in at the bottom of the bulb into the mercury there shall also be a wire running
down the centre from the top, and extend so low down the tube, as the temperature
of the thermometer will be required to work, at, this point shall be called point
of contact which is shown at 70 degrees in this thermometer, the wires in
tube d 1. d 2 shall be permently connected to the binding screws b. S. these screws
shall be screwed to the frame at a convenient distance from each end, to these
screws shall also be connected Q and d wires.
The point of contact will be arranged at different heights that is to say 70. 75
or any other height to suit the various temperatures the ventilators may be
required to open at. These thermometers will show the temperature as well as
connect the electric current.
.
Having explained the parts I will now show how the appliance works.
When the temperature raises the mercury up to 70 degrees point of contact in
thermometer the circuit will be connected with X. X. X. and P. this will close P
and P 1. lowering A and at the same time it will raise A 1. A C and B this will
raise f. from the dotted line g, lower B 2 and e, on to D; on D. e. coming in
contact the circuit will be connected with D 2. this will reverse the position of M 2.
and M. draw down D 1. and C L. to which is attached E 1. E 2. E 3. E 1 will be
so arranged as to come in contact with bottom side of slot in K. which will move
K. down; this will break the circuit at D e. just at the time when C L finishes its
movement or stroke; E 2 will during this move come in contact with the bottom
of slot in G this will move G down H up and N up to the dotted line 9.
Here it will be seen on the temperature rising to 70 point of contact a
movement has taken place which has resulted in opening the ventilators, switching
off the D 2. solenoid from the batteries X and X X. and also reversed the position

page_text: of S L. M. and M 2. leaving the apparatus ready to close soon as the thermometer
falls below 70 degrees.
Now I will explain the closing operation should the temperature fall below 70, it
will break the circuit between Pand X. X: X. this will raise P.1. A. and lower A 1,
AC. Band, also it will raise B 2 andre, on'f being lowered to the dotted line g-to
which N was previously raised f. and N will connect the circuit with N 2 this will
draw down M into N 2, M and M 2. will together reverse their position and raise
CL, E 1. E 2. E 3 which will place the apparatus in the position as shown 'in
drawings or as it was before the temperature raised the thermometer to '70 or
before the first or opening movement was made..
Having now explained the working of my invention I will refer to the
drawings on No. 2 sheet.
E 1. E 2. E3 section showing slot at 15 in C L rod.
J 5 section of fulcrum or centre on which S L lever is balanced on centres 8.
N 2. D 2. M. M 2 section of solenoid showing how they are attached to the
SL lever.
SL plan of lever showing the knife edge centres 7. 8. 5. 4..
J. J 2. J 3. J 4 sections of adjustable centres.
For the greenhouse 12ª on No. 1 sheet of drawings, and for the windows 13° and
14 No. 2 sheet of drawings, I claim nothing new only using them as a means of
showing how I propose to attach my invention to various kinds of ventilators.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
An invention as shown on the bottom part of No. 1 sheet of the drawings
which shows how my apparatus is worked which is new, my own idea and
invention for automatically controlling ventilation and heating by expansion and
electricity.
.