IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS ass
Year: 1884

page_text: We JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA and THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON, both of
65 Ann Street Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Merchants do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, CHIEFLY
DESIGNED FOR HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS to be as follows:-
:-
"3
The object of our invention is to provide an improved form of boiler for heating
water or other liquids for circulation through buildings to be warmed, or for
similar purposes.
Our said invention consists essentially in constructing a boiler with one or both
of the sides of the furnace and one or more flues, and in some cases also the top
of the furnace or the grate-bars or other part or parts, formed of pipes which are
connected in any suitable manner to contain and cause the circulation of the water
to be heated.
According to one method our improved boiler is formed of a series of pipes bent
or coiled into the form of two horse-shoes, one within the other. When a number
of these pipes are arranged, one above another, and suitably connected they
constitute a boiler with a furnace space in the centre and flues at the sides
and end.
The inner and outer horse-shoe pipes are connected at one of their extremities
but the other extremities thereof are made to project clear of the brickwork of the
furnace and are in the first instance left open so that they may be connected to
the flow and return pipes extending to and from the building, or connected
to another of the coils or horse-shoe pipes above or below, as may be required.
The lower series of pipes forming the boiler, instead of being made in the form
of a horse-shoe are sometimes bent backwards and forwards so as to take the place
of the whole or some of the furnace or grate bars, and any of the upper series of
pipes are, if desired, bent in a similar manner above the fire space so as to receive
all the heat possible from the flame and heated gases from the fire.
Some of the lower series of pipes are, in some cases, so bent or coiled as to form
a "bridge" at the end of the fire-bars, and in such case the flame will pass over
the bridge thus formed, through between the inner horse-shoe pipes, and then
Prine RdI

page_text: dividing, will return along the sides between the outer and inner horse-shoe pipes
or coils, and will then pass under the outer coil and along the outside thereof to
the chimney.
Another arrangement consists in placing the pipes in such a manner that the
flame will first rise to the top of the furnace and pass over the first coil into the
space between the coils, and will then pass down and underneath the outer coil,
and then rise and pass thence along the outer surface of the outer coil to the
chimney.
It is obvious that various modifications in the details of construction of our
boiler may be adopted without departing from the essential feature of our
invention.

page_text: We, JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA, and THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON, both of
65, Ann Street, Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Merchants do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS CHIEFLY
DESIGNED FOR HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS" and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The object of our invention is to provide an improved boiler for heating water
or other liquids for circulation through buildings to be warmed, or for similar
purposes.
Our improved boiler consists essentially of pipes through which circulates the
water to be heated and which are bent or curved and arranged to form the walls
between the furnace and an adjacent flue, or between two flues, and, in some cases,
also the top, or the grate, or other part or parts of the furnace, as hereinafter set
forth.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan, partly in horizontal section,
Figure 2 a front elevation, and
Figure 3 a vertical longitudinal central section, shewing a boiler made in
accordance with our invention.
Figure 4 is a transverse section on the line x, x, Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a transverse section shewing a slight modification of our invention.
Figure 6 is a transverse section shewing another modification thereof.
Figure 7 is a vertical longitudinal central section,
Figure 8 an end elevation,
Figure 9 a plan, partly in horizontal section, and
Figure 10 a transverse section, shewing a further modification thereof.
Figure 11 is a side elevation shewing the manner in which we prefer to form
the ends of pipes of large diameter when used for the purpose of our invention.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
In Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, a, b are pipes of wrought iron or other suitable metal
and of an external diameter of say one inch and a half, or of other convenient size.
Each of these pipes is bent or curved as shewn, and the said pipes are arranged
one above another so that they form walls between the furnace c and the flue d,
and also between the flues & and e. The pipes a, b are connected by the bends f
and sockets g, which bends and sockets are preferably placed outside of the brick
wall or casing h. The said pipes are arranged alternately to form two series or
sections, that is to say, the pipes a are connected at their extremities on one side
of the furnace to form one section of the boiler, and the pipes b are connected at
their extremities on the other side of the furnace to form another section of the
boiler. The said series or sections are connected, at a¹, a³, and 61, 6, to the flow
and return pipes extending to and from the building.

page_text: Although we have shewn the pipes arranged in two series or sections, they may,
if desired, be arranged in any other number of series or sections according to the
number of coils or other apparatus to be connected with the boiler.
The inner portions of the pipes b are so bent or curved that, at the rear of the
furnace, they are slightly in front of the inner portions of the pipes a. Therefore
the flame and heated products of combustion from the furnace can pass between
the said pipes at this part into the return flue d. The said products of combustion
will then divide and pass along the said flue in the directions indicated by the
arrows in Figure 1; and to permit them to pass from the flue d into the flue <
(as indicated by the arrows), spaces are left between the wall or casingh and the
portions a, b of the pipes a, b.
i, i are plates fixed between the wall or casing hand the portions a*, b* of the
said pipes to prevent the passage of the products of combustion directly from
the furnace into the flue e at these parts. The two walls of pipes are extended.
upward to the top of the furnace, as shewn in Figure 4, therefore the heat must
pass to the back of the furnace before it can escape therefrom into the return,
flue d.
The inner portions of the three lower pipes a, b are so bent or curved and
arranged as to form a bridge k at the rear end of the furnace-grate; a bridge 1 of
brick-work is usually formed behind the bridge k, but may, if desired, be dispensed
with. The flame and heated products of combustion pass over the bridge thus
formed and enter the flue d at the back of the furnace as above described.
The lowermost pipe, instead of being made in the form shewn in Figure 1, is
sometimes bent so that it will extend several times from end to end of the furnace
and thus take the place of the whole or a portion of the furnace or grate bars.
The uppermost pipe is, moreover, in some cases, bent in a similar manner, so that
it will extend several times either across, or from end to end of, the furnace (as
shewn in Figure 5 for example). If desired, two or more of the upper pipes are
thus arranged. The effective heating surface and evaporative power of the boiler
will thus be considerably increased.
In the boiler shewn in Figure 5, the inner and outer walls of pipes are inclined
upward towards the centre of the furnace, to ensure a more efficient action of the
heat upon the said pipes.
In the apparatus shewn in Figure 6, the pipes a, b are placed in such a manner
that the flame and heated products of combustion will first rise to the top of the
furnace and pass over the inner wall of pipes at the sides and back thereof into
the flued between the two walls of pipes, and will then descend and pass
underneath the outer wall of pipes into the flue e, and through the said flue in
contact with the exterior surface of the said outer wall, to the chimney. In this
case, a brick wall is built at the rear of the outer wall of pipes to prevent the
passage of the flame or heated products of combustion directly from the furnace
into the flue e.
In Figures 7 to 10, we have illustrated a modification of our invention wherein
we employ only a single wall of pipes. This wall separates the furnace c from the
flues d and e, which are separated from each other by a horizontal partition m of
fire-brick, except at the points d', where they communicate with each other. The
products of combustion, in this case, enter the flue d at the back of the furnace
as above described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 and then divide and pass
along the said flue in opposite directions to the points d', where they rise into the
flue e, through which they pass to the chimney.
It will be observed that, in the boiler shewn in Figures 7 to 10, we use pipes of
comparatively large diameter. To enable us to place these pipes in contact with,
or in close proximity to, each other, without interfering with their connection, we
make their ends of reduced diameter as shewn at n in Figure 11, the top of the
reduced part of each pipe being made to coincide with the top of the larger part
thereof to permit the escape of any steam that may. be generated in the said pipe.

page_text: We connect these pipes in the manner shewn in Figure 8, that is to say, each
bend is of such shape that it extends around one side of the pipe situated
between the pipes connected by the said bend.
By constructing a boiler as hereinbefore set forth, we provide for utilizing the
heat in a very effectual manner, as the boiler has a large area of heating surface
and the heated products of combustion are kept in contact with such surface for
a considerable time before they are permitted to escape through the chimney.
Moreover our boiler can be fired from the front end instead of from the top as is
usually practised with the coils ordinarily used for heating buildings.
It is obvious that the construction of the boiler may be somewhat varied without
departing from the nature of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
First. A boiler constructed and arranged to be fired at one end, and consisting
essentially of pipes which form walls between the furnace and a return flue, and
between the said flue and an outer flue, substantially as described with reference
to Figures 1 to 4, or Figure 5, or Figure 6 of the drawings, for the purposes
specified.
Second. The modifications of our invention wherein the lowermost pipe, or one
or more of the uppermost pipes, is or are arranged to extend several times either
across, or from end to end of, the furnace, as, and for the purposes, specified.
Third. The modification of our invention wherein we employ a single wall of
pipes, substantially as described with reference to Figures 7 to 10 of the drawings,
for the purpose specified.