IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING TALLOW AND OTHER FATTY MATTERS IN LAMPS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
Tox and EDWARD HANSON, of Castle Street, Holborn, Lamp Manufacturers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of May, in the seventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Alfred
Toy and Edward Hanson, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said Alfred Toy and Edward Hanson, our exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred Toy and Edward
Hanson, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING TALLOW AND OTHER FATTY MATTERS IN LAMPS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the said Alfred
Toy and Edward Hanson, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Alfred Toy and Edward Hanson, do hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates, first, to a mode of manufacturing candles of tallow or
other suitable fatty matter so that the same may be more advantageously
burned in lamps.
And, secondly, our Invention relates to an improvement of candle lamps,
whereby tallow or other fatty matter being formed into candles, as hereafter
explained, may be consumed therein.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a candle of tallow or other fatty matter having a short
wick, which has had the candle moulded thereon in place of having a wick
throughout its length; hence, in consuming such an arrangement of tallow or
other fatty matters and its wick, it is necessary that the lamp should be so
formed as to keep the wick constantly pressed into the tallow or other fatty
matter as the same is consumed, the wick not being burned away so long as
there remains any part of the tallow or other fatty matter. We would here
remark that we are aware that cylinders of tallow or other fatty matter have
been before moulded without wicks therein, and such cylinders of tallow have
been consumed in lamps by short wicks applied thereto and held by the lamp,
which is exceedingly inconvenient; hence, we wish it to be understood that the
peculiar character of this part of our Invention is the moulding the candles so
as to contain the requisite wick, so that when a candle is to be burned the
wick cannot be improperly applied. The wick we prefer is a cord bent into
folds and fastened or woven together, as is shewn at a, a, and in moulding such
candles we use moulds such as is shewn at Figure 2, where it will be seen that
the wick is held between the two halves of the nozel of the mould, so that when
the tallow or other fatty material is run into a mould and the matter cooled,
the wick will be for the most part within the candle, as is clearly shewn at
a, a, in the various sections, where the upper parts of the candles are shewn in
section. Figure 3 shews one of the wicks separately. In consuming that
<description of candles which have short wicks at their upper ends, we use
ordinary candle lamps with a bent wire b, which enters between the folds of

page_text: the wick a, hence the wick will at all times be retained within the tallow or
other fatty matter of which the candle is composed.
Figure 4 shews a candle lamp, the shape of which may be varied, and, with
the exception of the mode of applying a bent wire b, the same forms no part of
our Invention. Figure 5 shews a section of the lamp, Figure 4, by which the
flat view of the wick is shewn. Figure 6 shews a section of the upper part of
the lamp in section, by which the edge view of the wick is seen; Figure 7 is a
plan of Figure 6. Figure 8 shews two sections and a plan of the nozel of the
lamp separately, by which the wire 6 will be better seen.
Figures 9 and 10 shew two sections of another lamp for burning larger
candles, the wire 6 fixed to the nozel having two bends or recesses formed
therein, so as to suit for candles moulded with two short wicks a, a, and if
desired more than two wicks may be used in the same candles, where the
increased diameter of the candle will render so much wick desirable. In
making candles with two or more wicks, the nozels of the moulds will have two
or more recesses formed in them to receive the upper ends of the wicks, the
lower portions of the wicks entering into the moulds when the nozels are
closed thereon, so that the wicks will be cast within the candles, as shewn.
In some cases candle lamps are made in such manner that the candle
remains stationary and the nozel descends as the candle is consumed, as is
shewn in the sectional and external view, Figures 11 and 12, together with
the detail views Figure 13, by which it will be evident that our Invention is
equally applicable to these as to the lamps above described.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the best means we
are acquainted with for performing the same, we would wish it to be under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the details shewn, so long as the
peculiar character of our Invention be retained; but what we claim is,-
First, the mode of preparing tallow or other suitable fatty matters, by
moulding the same in combination with short wicks in order that such tallow
or fatty matters may be burned in lamps, as above described.
And, secondly, we claim the application of the wires 6 to the nozels of
candle lamps for the purpose of retaining the wicks in the tallow or fatty
matter, as above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alfred Toy and Edward Hanson, have
hereunto set our hand and seal, this Seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
ALFRED
(L.B.) TOY.
EDWARD (L.8.) HANSON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid Alfred Toy and Edward Hanson
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventh day of November, in' the year of our Lord One
thousand eight. hundred and forty-four.