NEW OR IMPROVED BOBBINS USED IN THE Manufacture OF YARNS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Freir and Frederick Fairlie, both of
Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention
of "NEW OR IMPROVED BOBBINS USED IN THE Manufacture OF YARNS.”
of "New OR IMPROVED BOBBINS USED IN THE Manufacture of YARNS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Freir and
Frederick Fairlie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd March 1875.
We, ALEXANDER FREIR and FREDERICK FAIRLIE, both of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED BOBBINS USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF YARNS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to new or improved bobbins used in the
manufacture of yarns, for example, those which are carried on the
spindles of a spinning frame or for other like purposes, has for its
object to effect economy by constructing the said bobbins of a material
which will not fracture as the ends of wooden bobbins do under the
rough use and wear and tear to which they are subject in factories. The

page_text: Invention then consists in constructing the ends of such bobbins of pulp,
with a shank or stem of wood, or of paper rolled into a tube.
The ends of the bobbins are constructed by placing the pulp into a
mould or die of the required shape, and extracting the moisture either
by forming a vacuum or by pressure, so as to solidify it. When t
thoroughly dry the ends are fixed to the shanks or stems by gluc or
other cement, and they may be coated or not with varnish, or turned in
a lathe to give them a smooth and finished surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Freir and Frederick Fairlie in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALEXANDER
FREIR and FREDERICK FAIRLIE, both of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the 38th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Alexander Freir and Frederick Fairlie,
Her special license that we, the said Alexander Freir and Frederick
Fairlie, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Alexander Freir and Frederick Fairlie, our executors, admini-
strators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED BOBBINS
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Alexander Freir and Frederick Fairlie, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immc-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alexander Freir and Frederick
Fairlie, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention, which relates to new or improved bobbins used
in the manufacture of yarns, for example those bobbins which are
carried on the spindles of a spinning frame, or the bobbins employed
in warp winding, or others used for like purposes, has for its object to
effect economy by constructing the said bobbins of a material which will
not fracture as the ends of wooden bobbins do under the rough usage
and wear and tear to which they are subject in factories. The
Invention then consists in constructing the ends of such bobbins of
paper or other pulp with a shank or stem of wood, or of paper rolled
into a tube, or of other equivalent substance.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we
now proceed more particularly to describe the construction of the bobbin,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
On the Sheet of Drawings hereunto appended Figure 1 is a side
elevation and Figure 2 a vertical section of the new or improved bobbin
constructed in accordance with our said Invention.
The ends a of the bobbin are constructed by placing the paper or
other pulp into a mould or die of the required shape, and thereafter
extracting the moisture either by forming a vacuum or by pressure,
or other equivalent means capable of extracting the moisture and
solidifying the ends a. When the ends a are thoroughly dry they are
fixed by glue or other cement to the shank or stem 6 of the bobbin,
which may either be made of wood, of paper rolled into a tube, or of
other suitable substance. When fixed the ends a and also shank or
stem may be coated or not with a layer of varnish, or they may be
turned in a lathe or otherwise treated to give them a smooth and finished
surface.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, we would observe in conclusion that we do not confine
ourselves to the construction of bobbin illustrated on the appended Sheet

page_text: of Drawings, as the form thereof may be considerably modified; what
then we do consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, constructing bobbins used in the manufacture of yarns with
the ends composed of pulp moulded into the required shape, and with
the shank or stem made of wood, of paper rolled into a tube, or of other
equivalent material, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before
described
In witness whereof, we, the said Alexander Freir and Frederick
Fairlie, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth 1
day of August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.