Improvements in or connected with Power Driven Tools.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 1st July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Power Driven Tools.
I, FRANK HENRY CATHCART of 2002 North 31st Street in the City of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania in the United States of America, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of my invention is to construct self contained power operated tools
which may be applied to many uses, but which are especially applicable as drills,
reamers, milling tools or die sinkers and it comprises, in general, a tool carrier
provided at one end with a gear wheel to which motion is imparted by gearing on,
or operated from, the shaft of a motor, and devices for effecting longitudinal
movement of the motor and tool carrier to feed the tool to and from its work.
The motor proper may be driven by any suitable power, for example by electricity
or by steam or other fluid, but in practice I have found it desirable to employ a
fluid operated motor and the device will be hereinafter described with reference to
a construction in which such a fluid operated motor is employed, although it will be
understood that I do not wish to limit the use of a tool constructed according to my
invention to combination with any particular kind or construction of motor or
motive power nor do I claim the motor shewn under the present application as it
will constitute the subject matter of another application for Letters Patent.
In the accompanying drawings:-Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a power
driven tool constructed in accordance with my invention; Figure 2 is a sectional
view at right angles to Figure 1 of a portion of the same (the section being taken
on the line a-a, Figure 1,) shewing some of the parts in positions different from
those shewn in Figure 1. Figure 3 is an elevation looking in the direction of the
arrow, Figure 2; Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section (the section being taken
on the line b-b, Figure 5 ;) shewing a modified construction; Figure 5, is a
vertical section at right angles to Figure 4, (the section being taken on the line C, C,
Figure 4) Figure 6, is a view illustrating the manner of using the tool by hand;
Figure 7 is an elevation of what is technically known as an "old man
which may
be employed to carry the tool; Figure 8 is a sectional plan view of the same (the
section being taken on the line d-d Figure 7).
"
"
1 represents a frame in which the tool is supported, the frame being secured to
the horizontal arm 2 of an "old man by bolts 3, which extend from the frame 1 to
the end of the arm 2, and are there provided with heads 4 adapted to travel in a
circular undercut recess 5 in the end of the arm 2. These bolts 3 also serve to
secure a worm wheel 6, to the frame 1, with which wheel 6 engages a worm 7
mounted in suitable bearings on the end of the arm 2 and provided with a squared
end 8 (see Figure 7) to which a key or crank may be attached for turning
the frame 1 to any desired angle. This arm 2 passes through a socket 9 provided
with a tongue 10, which is adapted to a groove 11 in the arm 2 and with the
threaded portion of the arm 2 engage two nuts 12 and 13 by turning which the
arm 2 may be longitudinally adjusted to move the frame 1 any desired distance. A
vertical adjustment is effected by a similar arrangement; the vertical arm 14 of the
"old man "
being provided with a groove 15 engaged by a feather or tongue 16
fixed in a portion of the frame of which the socket 9 forms part, and engaging with
the threaded portion of this vertical arm are nuts 17 and 18 similar to the
nuts 12 and 13. The arm 14 is supported in a base 19, which is formed in two
parts held together by a clamping nut 20, by loosening which the vertical arm 14
may be turned around on its axis and when the nut 20 is tightened it will be held

page_text: firmly in place. By this means the frame 1 which carries the tool can be adjusted
to any position to suit any desired work.
21 represents a two-part casing or frame (secured together by the end pieces 21*)
in which is contained a motor 21° for driving the tool and on the driven shaft 22
(see Figure 2) of this motor is mounted a gear wheel or pinion 23, through which
the rotation of the motor shaft may be imparted to the tool. This gear wheel 23
engages with a bevel gear wheel 24 secured to the upper portion of a hollow body 25
surrounding the frame 21, and this body is preferably semi-spherical in form,
although, of course, it may be of other suitable shape such as bowl-shape, elliptical,
conical or of rectangular form, if desired.
26 represents a stem forming an axis for the tool shank and this stem may be
formed integral with the frame 21 if desired, although I prefer to thread its upper
end as at 27 and screw it into the lower portion of the frame 21, as shewn in the
drawings. Immediately below the enlarged upper end of this stem 26 is an inclined
shoulder 28 against which presses a similarly inclined shoulder 29 forming part of
a circumferential sleeve 30, these two parts being held together by a screw 31, the
head of which is sufficiently large to extend over the end of the sleeve 30 and thus
hold the sleeve to the stem in such manner as will prevent any longitudinal
movement.
The stem 26 is provided with a central passage 32 communicating by radial
passages 33 with the exterior of the stem and surrounding the stem are grooved
passages 34 the various passages being for the purpose of containing and distributing
a supply of lubricant between the stem 26 and the sleeve 30.
Near the upper end of the sleeve 30 is secured the hollow body 25, the shank of
which extends down around the sleeve 30, through a guiding orifice in the lower
end of the frame 1 and is provided with a chuck or other suitable device for the
reception of any tool which it may be desired to employ.
In the construction shewn in Figures 2 and 3 the shaft 22 is provided with a
projection for supporting two gear wheels 23 and 35 formed integral with, or
secured to, each other so that they may rotate loosely on the hub or shaft. On the
extreme outer end of the shaft 22 is secured a pinion 36 which rotates at all times
with the shaft and provision is made for the coupling and uncoupling of the shaft
with the gear wheels 23 and 35, preferably by means of a cross bar 37 extending
through a slot in the shaft and secured to a handled stem 38 projecting through the
end of the shaft, the said bar being of a length greater than the diameter of the
shaft and being normally within a suitably shaped recess in the gear wheel 36 but
when occasion requires, the pushing in of the handled stem 38 will cause the
engagement of the diametral bar 37 with a suitably shaped recess or opening 39 in
the bevel pinion 23 and this coupling of the shaft 22 with the bevel pinion 23 will
cause the rotation of the tool shank at the normal rate of speed.
40 represents a bracket secured to the casing 21 and provided with an orifice for
the reception of an eccentric 41 having an operating handle 42 (see Figure 3).
Through an opening in this eccentric extends a shaft 43 carrying on one end a
gear wheel 44 and on the opposite end a gear wheel 45. When the shaft 43 is
allowed to assume its lowest position by the movement of the eccentric 41 the
teeth of the wheel 44 will engage with the teeth of the wheel 35 and the teeth of
the wheel 45 will engage with those of the wheel 36 so that if the bar 37 be in the
position shewn in Figure 2 and the gear wheels 44 and 45 be down (instead of up,
out of position, as illustrated in the said figure) the teeth will be engaged and the
rotation of the shaft 22 will be imparted to the hollow body 25 and the bevel
gear 24 on its upper surface through the medium of the wheels 36, 45, 44, 35
and 23; the relative sizes of the wheels making it possible to either increase or
decrease the resultant speed of the bevel gear 24 and the tool, or, (as shewn in
Figure 5) this intermediate gearing may be dispensed with and the gear wheel 23
be connected directly to the bevel wheel 24.
In Figures 4 and 5, I have illustrated a form of back gearing which may be
used in place of that illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the gearing being in the form

page_text: of an attachment which may be readily applied to the lower end of the hollow
body 25 to which the tool is attached, by removing the tool chuck and replacing it
at the lower end of the attachment as at 46. In these figures 47 represents a
hollow shaft which is adapted to the screw thread on which the chuck 46 is
normally held and for convenience of attachment the upper portion of this shaft
is of rectangular or other suitable form for the application of a wrench. On the
lower end of this shaft is a pinion 50 adapted to engage with the teeth of a gear
wheel 51 mounted upon a shaft 52 which also carries a pinion 53 adapted to engage
with a gear wheel 54 secured to a short shaft 55 in the upper end of which the
lower end of the shaft 48 is stepped. The lower portion of the shaft 55 is screw
threaded at 56 in a manner similar to the threaded lower end of the hollow body 25
so that the tool chuck 46 may be readily attached thereto. All of these parts are
held within a casing 57 made in two sections which may be passed over the
shafts 48 and 55, the sections being provided with bolt holes 58 through which
bolts may be passed to secure the two sections in position and at the outer edge
the two sections of the casing are provided screw threads for the attachment of a
handle 59 by means of which the casing may be prevented from rotating when the
back gearing is being used.
When the device is used as a hand tool, as illustrated for instance in Figure 6,
it is provided with handles 60, 61, so that the operator may be in convenient
position to give the upper handle 61 sufficient pressure to force the tool (in this
case a reamer) through the openings punched or drilled in the metal, the tool
proper being supported by braces connected to a framework carried by the operator
and having a universal joint so as to enable him to freely move the tool from one
point to another, or a second operator may assist in giving the necessary pressure
and help to guide the tool by the handles 60, or the upper portion of the carrying
frame may be altogether omitted and the tool be used with the aid of the
handles 60 only.
In heavier work where it is desirable that the pressure to force the tool through
the work shall be greater than can be given by hand, the top of the tool body is
preferably provided with a piston rod 62 (see Figure 1) carrying a piston 63
adapted to a cylinder 64 carried by, or forming part of, the frame 1, and the shank
of the tool may be guided in a suitable opening in the lower part of such frame-
work. Sufficient pressure is exerted by the admission of steam, air or other fluid
between the top of the piston and the top of the cylinder, through the passage 65
which communicates with a branch 66 of the port 67 through which the operating
fluid is supplied to the motor the pressure being regulated by a valve 68 adapted
to turn in a circular chamber 69. This valve 68 also controls the admission of the
operating fluid through a passage 70 in the piston rod leading to the underside of
the piston, the valve being preferably in the nature of an ordinary D-slide valve,
so that when turned in one direction or the other communication will be opened
between one side of the piston and the exhaust port 71, and between the opposite
side of the piston and the inlet port 67, and vice versa.
The action of the expansible operating fluid between the top of the piston and
the cylinder is found very convenient in tools of this class, as the pressure. is
constant and keeps up with the advancement of the drill or other tool and as the
pressure is at all times the same it has many advantages over the ordinary screw
feed, where the drill is moved intermittently and has not constantly the same
amount of pressure.
The casing or frame 21 is provided with a guiding block 72 which embraces a
guide on the frame 1 and prevents the casing 21 from turning with the tool shaft.
The motor employed to rotate the shaft 22 may be of any desired construction,
but is preferably of the character illustrated. As however I do not claim this
motor under this present application it is unnecessary for me to here describe its
details.
It will, of course, be understood that various modifications of
invention may
be employed, such for instance as the reversal of the position of the cylinder 64
my

page_text: and its plunger 63, the plunger being carried by the frame 1 and the cylinder
being carried by or forming part of the motor frame or casing and many different
modifications may be made of details of the construction of the tool without
departing from the nature of my invention.
The tool arranged or constructed according to this invention is applicable to
many purposes such for instance as for drilling, reaming or counter-sinking holes,
milling off rivet heads, die-sinking and routing machines, the cleansing of boiler
flues or tubes, the polishing of small articles or the interior of tubes or pipes, the
screwing or unscrewing of bolts or screws in boilers or wherever a large number of
bolts are employed, for drilling coal or stone, or for similar purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a rotated motor, a casing within which the said motor is
contained, a tool shank operatively connected to and rotated by the said motor, and
a fluid pressure cylinder adapted to continuously feed the motor and tool toward
the work, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination of a rotated motor, the casing within which the said motor
is contained, a tool shank operatively connected to and rotated by the said motor,
and a fluid pressure cylinder adapted to advance and retract both the motor and
the tool toward and from the work, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The combination of a supporting and guiding frame, a motor casing guided
by the frame, a motor contained within the said casing, a tool shank operatively
connected to and rotated by the said motor, a cylinder (such as 64) carried by the
frame, and a piston connected to the motor casing and adapted to be moved within
the said cylinder, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The combination of a casing, a fluid motor contained therein, a tool shank
operatively connected to and rotated by the said motor, a pressure cylinder, a
piston within the said pressure cylinder, a piston rod connecting the piston to the
said casing, communicating fluid passages in the piston rod and in the casing,
controlling valves, a fluid supply (such as 67) and an exhaust substantially, as
herein before described.
5. The combination with a rotated tool, of a feeding device for advancing and
retracting the said tool, the said feeding device comprising a pressure cylinder
(such as 64), a piston within the said cylinder, a piston rod (such as 62) forming
communication between the piston and the tool, fluid passages in the said rod and
communicating with a chamber (such as 69) supply and escape passages also com-
municating with the said chamber and a controlling valve in the said chamber,
substantially as herein before described.
6. The combination of a rotated motor, a casing within which the said motor is
contained, a tool mandrel operatively connected to and rotated by the said motor,
and an axis for the said tool mandrel secured to or forming part of the said motor
casing, substantially as hereinbefore described.
7. The combination of a rotated motor, a casing within which the said motor is
contained, a tool mandrel, a cup-like body (such as 25) secured to or forming part
of the said tool-mandrel, gear teeth on the said cup-like body, and a pinion rotated
by the said motor and engaging with the gear teeth on the said cup-like body,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. The combination of a rotated motor, a casing within which the said motor is
contained, an axis (such as 26) secured to, or formed integral with, the casing, a
hollow body (such as 25), mounted on the said axis, a tool shank secured to the
said hollow bedy, gear teeth on the said hollow body, and a pinion rotated by
the motor, and engaging with the said gear teeth, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
9. The combination of a motor, a pinion rotated by the said motor, a casing
within which the said motor is contained, an axis, (such as 26) secured to or formed

page_text: integral with the said casing, a loose sleeve (such as 30) surrounding the said axis,
a hollow body (such as 25) partly surrounding the motor casing, and secured to the
said sleeve 30, à tool shank secured to the said hollow body, and gear teeth on the
said hollow body engaging with the teeth of the said pinion, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
10. The combination in a rotated tool, of a plunger, a frame by which the said
plunger is carried, fluid passages in the piston of the said plunger, a valve for
controlling the same and a fixed cylinder enclosing the said plunger substantially as
hereinbefore described.
11. The combination of the frame 1, a supporting arm 2, therefor, a worm wheel
carried by the said frame 1, and a worm carried by the said arm 2, and engaging
with the said worm wheel, substantially as hereinbefore described.
12. The combination of the frame 1, the arm 2, having an undercut circular slot,
a series of bolts projecting from the frame 1 and adapted to the said slot, a worm
wheel carried by the said frame and a worm carried by the arm 2 and engaging
with the said worm wheel, substantially as hereinbefore described.
13. The combination of the frame 1, the longitudinally adjustable arm 2, the
vertical arm, and a clamping foot, in which the said vertical arm is swivelled, with
devices for securing the said vertical arm in the said clamping foot, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated thie 28th day of March 1893
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.