matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COBALT AND NICKEL FROM THEIR ÜRES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Musset Carew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1879.
JAMES MUSSET CAREW, of Clarence House, Lea Bridge Road, Clapton, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COBALT AND NICKEL FROM
THEIR ÜRES."
The processes at present employed for obtaining cobalt and nickel from their ores
are attended with great trouble and expense. My Invention relates to a process
for this purpose which can be cheaply and easily conducted, and by the use of
which the cost of the metals referred to can be very considerably reduced.
I digest the finely powdered ore in hydrochloric or other acid so as to obtain a
crude solution; I beat this solution to boiling point and add carbonate of soda or
other alkaline carbonate, either dry or in solution, in quantity sufficient to produce
a precipitate containing the metals, the calcium and magnesium salts remaining in
solution. I digest the precipitate thus obtained in sulphuric acid, neutralising
excess of acid by the addition of alkali or alkaline carbonate, and I heat to boiling
point the solution resulting from the digestion and add to it while hot sulphide of
iron with a slight admixture of oxide of iron, thus producing a precipitate which
after being boiled for about an hour and being separated by filtration will contain
a small portion of the iron added along with such copper manganese and other
metals as may have existed in the ore, whilst the filtrate contains solutions of
cobalt and nickel and of the alkaline salts. I now heat this filtrate to boiling
point and add either ammonium sulphide or sulphide of cobalt with a slight
admixture of oxide of cobalt in quantity rather more than is required to produce
a precipitate, which after being boiled about an hour and being separated by
filtration will contain a small proportion of the cobalt added along with the whole
of the nickel and iron, whilst the filtrate contains solutions of sulphate of cobalt
and of the alkaline salts. I now heat this filtrate to boiling point and add to it
zinc in a finely divided condition, such as that commonly known as zinc dust, and
this causes precipitation of the cobalt leaving the alkaline salts in solution. After
subsidence I decant the solution and wash the precipitate. I then digest the
precipitate for a few minutes in dilute acid so as to dissolve out such compounds of
zine as it may contain, and I then wash and dry the precipitate which is cobalt in a
finely divided state. In order to recover the nickel contained in the precipitate

page_text: formed as above described by the addition of the ammonium sulphide or the
sulphide and oxide of cobalt, I proceed as follows:-I roast that precipitate so as
to expel the sulphur, and I dissolve the residue in sulphuric acid and precipitate
the nickel from the solution by the use of zinc, as I have above described for
precipitating the cobalt.
Although I have mentioned only sulphuric acid as being employed for producing
the several solutions, it is to be understood that other acids could be so employed
but not with equal advantage.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE CARD TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adam Taylor, of Ashton-under-Lyne, and David Jones,
of Oldham, both in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE CARD TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES."
Sealed the 4th July 1879, and dated the 28th April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adam Taylor and David
Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1879.
ADAM TAYLOR, of Ashton-under-Lyne, and DAVID JONES, of Oldham, both in
the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE
CARD TEETH OF CARDING ENGINES."
This Invention relates principally to the grinding of the card teeth of the main
cylinder and doffing cylinder of a carding engine, but it is also applicable with
slight modifications to the grinding of the card teeth of the rollers and clearers
when removed from the engine.
The Invention consists principally of a light rectangular frame provided with
two concave strips, one of which fits onto the periphery of the main cylinder, and
the other to that of the doffing cylinder of the carding engine, the lower or concave
surfaces of the two strips being covered with emery or other suitable grinding
composition, and resting on the surfaces of the two cylinders. We remove one of
the stripping rollers from the carding engine, and in its place we mount a shaft
having at one end a pulley, by means of which it is caused to revolve quickly by
an endless band from a pulley on the main cylinder shaft, and at or near the centre
of this shaft is a grooved cam which is embraced by a fork or clip attached to the
central rail of the grinding frame, so that as the said shaft revolves it communicates
a rapid endwise to and fro motion to the frame carrying the concave grinding
strips. Tightening screws are also provided which give more or less pressure on
the grinding strips as required.
For grinding rollers and clearers a frame must be provided apart from the
carding engine, whereon to mount and drive them whilst being ground by the
reciprocating concave strips above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING HOUSE DRAINS WITH SEWERS OR SEWAGE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Fox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1879.
WILLIAM HENRY Fox, of Barrow in Furness, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer and Borough Surveyor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS
FOR CONNECTING HOUSE DRAINS WITH SEWERS OR SEWAGE RECEPTACLES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means and apparatus for
connecting house drains with sewers or sewage receptacles.
I employ a cast iron soil pipe fixed against the wall of the building; it is carried
up above the roof and is open at the top. The soil pipe terminates at its lower end
at a few inches above the ground, and beneath it an earthenware or iron hopper or
sink is sunk into the ground, and has its upper edge level with the surface.
A syphon trap connects the hopper or sink with the sewer. The lower end of the
soil pipe is surrounded by a short length of pipe of larger diameter and in
connection with it at its lower end a grating is cast. This grating covers the
mouth of the hopper or sink which it is made to fit. Thus the grating can be
lifted at any time when required to remove an obstruction, the short pipe formed
of a piece with the grating sliding upon the end of the soil pipe. The soil pipe
being freely open at both ends to the air, perfect ventilation prevails. Sewer-gas
is prevented entering dwellings through the watercloset apparatus, and thus the
spread of contagious diseases is lessened.
The arrangement is illustrated by the annexed Drawings.
AN IMPROVED SELF CLOSING DOOR HINGE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Steinberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1879.
HERMANN STEINBERG, of Edgbaston, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman. AN IMPROVED SELF CLOSING DOOR HINGE."
"
The object of this Invention is, by the means hereinafter described, so to construct
a door hinge as shall be self closing and capable also of allowing the door to be
removed from its frame without the necessity of unscrewing or withdrawing
the many screws which usually secure a hinge to its door. According to my
Invention I first provide two suitably shaped pieces of metal, one of these being
for the upper portion of the hinge and the other for the lower portion, each having
suitably shaped tubes or sockets formed in the forward ends thereof. Within the
tube or socket of the lower half of my improved hinge I form a female screw of
suitable pitch. Into this is fitted a short rod of metal which is screwed to a pitch
at its lower end corresponding to the pitch of the female screw. The upper part
of this rod is then turned to fit the tube or socket of the upper half of my improved
hinge. A cross stud or screw is inserted through the top part of the hinge and the
short metal rod, and they are thus held together. When a door is hung upon my
improved hinges (there will of course be two or more pairs of hinges to each door)
the before described male and female screws are so arranged that as the door is
opened the male screws of the hinges partly revolve when the door is slightly
raised; and it will be understood that so soon as the door is released from the open
position it is thus caused to assume its weight will be sufficient to make it self
closing.
When it is desired to remove the door from its frame it is only necessary to
remove the before mentioned cross stud or screw from each of its hinges, the door
can then (with the top parts of the hinges) be at once lifted off the before described
rods and it will be free from the door frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE LOCOMOTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Lea Bricknell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1879.
AUGUSTUS LEA BRICKNELL, of Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Hill, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE LOCOMOTION."
It is a well known principle of mechanics that large wheels require a less appli-
cation of force to overcome the resistance of roads than small ones. Whenever
case of draught or propulsion is desired the wheel cannot be too high, and its height
is usually limited only by considerations of convenience. It will be readily seen
that the value of a wheel as an economizer of force applied to advance it upon a
road is due to the height of its centre from its base, and that the upper part of the
wheel contributes nothing to this end, and indeed might be absent were it not
required to become in turn the lower part as the wheel rotates. The object of this
Invention is to obtain in vehicles intended to travel on ronds the advantage which
large wheels possess of overcoming the resistance of roads without the weight or
encumbrance of large wheels, and I effect this in the case of a machine propelled
upon a road by human power by using two or more segments of, say, for example,
a wheel of fifteen feet diameter. The two segments referred to would each repre-
sent a portion of the lower part of the supposed wheel, reckoning from the centre
downwards.
Such two segments or their equivalents would in the example stated be each
soven feet six inches high, reckoning from the road to their upper ends at a point
which in the supposed wheel would be its centre.
The two segments are arranged side by side, and connected by suitable connec-
tions which so operate that when one segment has rolled forward to the end of its
periphery the other shall be raised off the ground and carried forward so as to be in
waiting to receive and sustain the load in its forward movement. The segments
thus pass and re-pass each other instead of rotating over, under, and around a
centre, as in the case of a wheel. It is thus evident that segments of a length equal
to the height of any given wheel can be used in the same space as regards height
as would be required for the said wheel, and that great economy of applied power is
gained by the use of the segments instead of the wheel, because each segment repre-
sents a wheel of double the diameter.
Stirrups or supports for the feet are suspended from the upper parts of the
segments somewhat in front of the centre or axis thereof, so that the weight of the

page_text: rider can be alternately thrown from the one to the other, and thereby cause
the rolling forward of the segments, whilst the forward and upper parts of the
segments are grasped by the hands of the rider, thereby enabling both his feet and
hands to be employed in the act of propulsion. A seat is also suspended from the
upper part of the machine to enable the rider to rest himself when desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LUBRICANTS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Pelham Warren, of Southsea, in the County of
Hants, a retired Captain in the Royal Navy, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
Sealed the 2nd January 1880, and dated the 6th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Pelham Warren
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1879.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, a retired
Captain in the Royal Navy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of lubricants of an improved character
which can be produced at a moderate cost. In carrying my Invention into practice
I proceed as follows:-1 mix ozokerite or ozokerite pitch with grease, or animal,
or vegetable, or mineral oil, and so manufacture a material which can be produced
at a comparatively small cost. My improved lubricant is in practice found to be
very efficient.
The proportions in which I mix the ozokerite or ozokerito pitch
with either the grease, animal, vegetable, or mineral oil are according to the fluidity
I wish to obtain, the quantity of ozokerite or ozokerite pitch being increased or
decreased according as the material is required of a thicker or thinner nature. For
ordinary purposes I mix one third of ozokerite or ozokerite pitch with two thirds
mineral oil.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederic Pelham Warren in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th April 1880.
FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, a retired
Captain in the Royal Navy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
My Invention relates to manufacture of lubricants of an improved character
which can be produced at a moderate cost. In carrying my Invention into practice
I proceed as follows:-I mix ozokerite or ozokerite pitch with grease, or animal,
or vegetable, or mineral oil, and so manufacture a material that can be used as a
lubricant for the reduction of friction, and which can be produced at a comparatively
small cost. My improved lubricant is in practice found to be very efficient. The
proportions in which I mix the ozokerite or ozokerite pitch with either the grease,
animal, vegetable, or mineral oil are according to the fluidity I wish to obtain, the
quantity of the ozokerite or ozokerite pitch being increased or decreased according
as the material is required of a thicker or thinner nature. For ordinary purposes
I mix one third of ozokerite or ozokerite pitch with two thirds of mineral oil.
Having described my Invention, I wish it to be understood that I claim, the
manufacture of improved lubricants by mixing ozokerite or ozokerite pitch with
grease, animal, vegetable, or mineral oil, either separately or collectively, the
proportions being varied as above indicated, to suit the various purposes for which
the lubricant may be required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Pelham Warren, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUDDLING, MILL AND AIR FURNACES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Howell Bullock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879.
JOSEPH HOWELL BULLOCK, of Walsall, in the County of Staffordshire. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUDDLING, MILL AND AIR FURNACES."
This improvement consists of two or more gas generators (according to the size
of the furnace) formed inside the ordinary fire-grate of a puddling mill or air
furnace by a divisional wall built perpendicularly between the back of the ordinary
grate and the fire bridge of the furnace, from the bearing plate to the crown of the
combustion chamber.
The gas generators are fed with fuel through a hopper constructed on the top of
the combustion chamber, and the gas is created by the fuel coming in contact with
the divisional wall, which, forming as it does the back of grate or combustion
chamber and is sufficiently heated to distil the gas from the fuel.
The gas finds its way into the combustion chamber through a number of apertures
left in the divisional wall, and becomes ignited by the fire which lies upon the bars
of the grate.
The fire in the grate is fed through apertures left in the back plate of the furnace,
and corresponding apertures left in the divisional wall.
The ordinary fire hole of the furnace is built up so that no cold air can find its
way into the combustion chamber.
The grate is enclosed by an iron door, and the air necessary for driving the
furnace is taken in at the chimney end and passes under the bottom of the furnace
to the grate.
The advantages derivable from the application of this Invention are as
follows:-
1. Economy in the consumption of fuel.
The fuel is required to be small, anything that will not pass through a three eight
mesh being sufficiently large for the purpose.
2. The improvement in the yield.
As no cold air can pass into the furnace until after the flame has passed over the
firebridge, and then only through the hopper hole, and as the flame in the furnace
is clear and constant a great deal of the loss which arises from oxidation when the
ordinary grate is used is thus prevented.

page_text: 3. The work of the puddler is expedited and is rendered more pleasant and less
laborious than when an ordinary grate is used.
There is no shovelling of coals required, the fuel being pushed into the grate by
a small hook and the weight in the hopper keeping a constant supply at the
apertures ready for use.
The standing of the puddler is rendered cooler, and the unpleasantness of sulphur,
flame, or smoke issuing from the fire and staff holes is entirely prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kaye, of Hook Norton, in the. County of
Oxford, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 23rd April 1880, and dated the 30th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kaye at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1879.
WILLIAM KAYE, of Hook Norton, in the County of Oxford, Machinist. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES."
These improvements apply to an apparatus for feeding the drum of thrashing
machines, and consist of forming through the platform which is to receive the corn
a series of narrow openings or slits. Underneath this platform is arranged an
apparatus consisting of one or more shafts carrying toothed wheels or plates or
endless toothed chains. The teeth of these wheels, plates, or chains project upwards
through the openings or slits in the platform, so that when the corn is laid upon the
platform, and the shafts set in motion by any suitable means, the corn lying
between the teeth is dragged into the mouth of the drum, which is in front of the
platform.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Kaye in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th April
1880.
WILLIAM KAYE, of Hook Norton, in the County of Oxford, Machinist. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES."
These improvements apply to an apparatus for feeding the drum of thrashing
machines, and consist of forming through the platform which is to receive the corn
a series of narrow openings or slits. Underneath this platform is arranged one or
more shafts carrying wheels or plates or endless toothed chains. The teeth of these
wheels, plates, or chains project upwards through the openings or slits in the platform,
so that when the corn is laid upon the platform, and the shafts set in motion, the
corn as it lies between the teeth is dragged into the mouth of the drum, which is in
front of the platform underneath the hood which covers the drum. I sometimes
use press plates to assist in keeping the corn upon the teeth and preventing the
corn lodging in the rake. These plates are hinged to allow the corn to raise them
and pass through to the raké.
Referring to the Drawing representing the apparatus with part of the platform
removed (a) is the platform with the slits (b), through which the teeth of the
endless chains (c) work. These chains (c) being set in motion by the shaft (d) will
drag the corn along to the rake (e) at the mouth of the drum. (f) (f,) are the
hinged press plates covering the rake.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be carried into effect, I claim, without limiting myself to the precise
details herein specified and illustrated, the feeding of the drum of thrashing machines
by means of endless toothed chains, toothed wheels, or plates, as herein more fully
set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Kaye, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty eight day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM KAYE.
(L.S.)
AN IMPROVED DRAIN VALVE OR STEAM TRAP
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davis, James Walker, and
Walter Henry Willcox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
25th October 1879.
WILLIAM DAVIS, Engineer, of 15, Wooton Rd., Deptford, in the County of Kent,
JAMES WALKER, of Rushmore Road, Clapton, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and WALTER HENRY WILLCOX, of High Road, St. Johns, Lewisham, in the County
of Kent, Engineers' Furnisher. "AN IMPROVED DRAIN VALVE OR STEAM TRAP."
This Invention is the construction of an automatic drain valve (or steam trap), to
consist of a valve, box, and expanding chamber, so arranged that it can be used as a
stop valve, if the automatic action should become injured or deranged, also the
simplicity and certainty of its action in cases of priming, whereby the scum and
water will pass through it, relieving the engines from the effects of such priming.
If the valve should become choked, by lifting the expanding chamber the steam
is so arranged that it will sweep the valve and box perfectly clean, thus remedying
existing defects in steam traps. We claim on the general construction, with
expanding chamber in the steam.
A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF A DANGERLESS LAMP FOR DESTROYING RESP, CONSUMING THE INFLAMABLE AIRS IN MINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Guido Körner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1879.
GUIDO KÖRNER, Studiosus Rerum Montanarum, in the City of Freiberg, Kingdom
of Saxony, German Empire. "A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF A DANGERLESS LAMP
FOR DESTROYING RESP, CONSUMING THE INFLAMABLE AIRS IN MINES."
My Invention has for object to afford protection against explosions of inflamable
air [schlagende wetter] (fire damp, or carburetted hydrogen gas) in mines or else-
where, and is based on the property possessed by platina mohr or ethiops of pla-
tinum (platinmohr) of condensing on its surface not only oxygen but also light
carburet of hydrogen (kohlenwasserstoff) (CH), the chief ingredient of inflamable
air (schlagende wetter), even when only small portions of the same exist in the
atmosphere, and in this close contact of the two gases effecting a dark combustion
of the carburet of hydrogen.
According to my Invention, in order that the lamps used may consume but not
explode the inflamable air, a wire gauze case or frame, which may have the form
of a hollow cylinder, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing in plan in Fig. 1 and
in vertical section and elevation in Fig. 2, is charged with pieces of pumice stone
impregnated with ethiops of platinum (platinmohr).
These platinised pieces of pumice stone are placed within a porous substance,
preferably coke, in order that the ethiops of platinum (platinmohr) may not pulverise
or fall to dust.
By precipitation of the ethiops of platinum (platinmohr) on the pumice stone or
similar porous body the same is distributed over a large surface, thereby giving a
maximum beneficial result.
The mine gases are diffused over the surfaces of the porous substances, and are
subjected to the dark combustion (dunkele verbrennung) on contact with the
ethiops of platinum (platinmohr).
Hence, by the use of this consuming lamp, explosions from inflammable air, such
as occur with the open consuming lamps with bright flame commonly employed, are
avoided:

page_text: A great advantage of this safety inflammable air consuming lamp consists in its
not requiring continuous attention and maintenance, as the ethiops of platinum
(platinmohr) will consume a large quantity of the light carburet of hydrogen
(kohlenwasserstoff) without losing its properties. Control of the lamp is effected
through the escaping heat.
Lamps as described may be advantageously used in all places where there is
inflammable air.
APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING OR WEIGHING THE LOADS OR WEIGHTS CARRIED BY OR UPON CERTAIN CARRIAGES, WAGONS, ENGINES, TENDERS, AND OTHER VEHICLES USED UPON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND COMMON ROADS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Harper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROBERT HARPER, of Sale, in the County of Chester.
APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING OR WEIGHING THE LOADS OR WEIGHTS CARRIED BY
OR UPON CERTAIN CARRIAGES, WAGONS, ENGINES, TENDERS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
USED UPON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, AND COMMON ROADS."
My Invention has reference to vehicles where the body of the vehicle for carrying
the goods, materials, or load is supported upon springs, and my Invention consists
in arrangements that will measure and show the amount of deflection to which the
springs of the vehicle are subjected by the weight of the vehicle supported by the
springs and by the load placed upon or to be carried by the vehicle.
When the vehicle is empty or unloaded the incasuring apparatus points to a mark
which is taken as the zero of the scale or index, then known weights, say hundred
weights, are placed on the vehicle iu sucession, and the position of the pointer is
marked upon the index accordingly.
In a vehicle having four supporting springs there is a measuring arrangement for
each spring, and the sun shown on the four indexes added together gives the total
weight on the vehicle.
The measuring apparatus consists of a lever having its fulcrum on an index plate
which is attached to the carriage framing.
The long arm of the lever forms the pointer to the index on the plate, and the
short arın is connected by a rod with the axle box or a part connected with it, and
thus the rise or fall of the body of the carriage will be multiplied and shown by the
position of the pointer upon the index.
The index plate and pointer may be attached or carried by or upon the axle box
or some part connected with it, and the short end of the pointer lever connected
with the body of the vehicle.
Other arrangements are or may be used for measuring and showing the action of
the load upon the springs of the vehicle, and the united results upon each spring
may if desired be brought to and shown upon one index.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES AND SIMILAR DIGGING TOOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879.
JOSEPH PARKIN, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Spade and Shovel Manu-
facturer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES AND SIMILAR
DIGGING TOOLS."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of spades and other similar digging
tools, and it consists in making the entire front or face of the spade blade, together
with the front strap, of steel, and the back of the blade with the back strap of iron,
which are welded together and finished in the usual manner, the result being that
I obtain a spade combining the advantages of both the "all steel" and the " steel
faced" spade without their several disadvantages. The advantage of an "all steel"
spade is that it wears bright, and leaves the soil easily, its disadvantage being that
its edge wears round and dull. The advantage of a " steel faced" spade is that it
wears sharp on the edge, but being faced only to a certain distance from the edge
the remainder of the surface clogs with soil, causing it to work heavy.
The entire front of a spade made according to my Invention being of steel wears
bright, and leaves the soil easily, at the same time the back being of iron and
comparatively softs it wears away quicker than the steel face, thus keeping a sharp
cutting edge. The front strap being of steel adds considerably to the strength of
the spade.
MENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE ROLLERS OF WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Edwin Pear Purkis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1879.
EDWIN PEAR PURKIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
MENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE ROLLERS OF WINDOW BLINDS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described, the object being
to simplify and improve the arrangement in the connecting and disconnecting of
window blinds to their rollers.
1. I adopt the ordinary roller of cylindrical form, and this I slot or groove
longitudinally its entire length, the fittings (in commerce designated the roller ends)
are then secured in the usual manner, a strip of wood is then employed in length
and depth corresponding to the slot in the said roller; the blind is then laid upon
the slot or groove of the roller and the strip of wood is forced in the said slot and
holds the same in position.
2. I adopt the ordinary roller, but cut or divide the same longitudinally, thus
forming two halves; upon the inner or flat side of one half I slot or groove its entire
length, while upon the other half I construct a strip or projection for fitting the said
slot, these two halves I hinge together for opening and closing; when open, the blind
is placed upon the slot and the closing of same compresses the strip and blind into
the said slot; the fittings for suspending the same are then employed, differing so
far from the olden method by increasing the depth of the cap (being those parts
which are fitted to the roller), so that when they are placed in position they bind
the two sections of the roller together and the screwing or nailing as hitherto is
dispensed with.
The chief object of this Invention is to connect the blind to the roller in a simple
and uniform manner, also in disconnecting the same and to dispense with the
trouble and annoyance of taping and nailing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN LINK COUPLINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Willoughby Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1879. A com-
munication by Archibald Alexander Schenck, of Hoosick Falls, Reusselaer
County, State of New York, United States of North America.
EDWARD WILLOUGHBY ANDERSON, of the City of Washington, in the District of
Columbia and United States of North America, Attorney at Law and Patent
Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIN LINK COUPLINGS." A communication by
Archibald Alexander Schenck, of Hoosick Falls, Reusselaer County, State of New
York, United States of North America.
The Invention has relation to chain couplings and links for chain rollers,
harvesters, and other machines, and it consists of the construction and novel
arrangement of the slides, forming a closed reversible coupling, and in connection
therewith of the undivided links or links of rectangular shape made without a break
or division.
The coupling is composed of an inner section or link bearing slide made in C
form in cross section, and slightly tapering from side to side in the direction of its
length and adapted to receive the links as shown, and of an outer section or cog
bearing band made in form in cross section, and is provided with chambers
which are somewhat tapering from end to end to correspond to the outer tapering
surface of the inner slide or bearing, which is designed to slide into said outer
section and form a closed coupling. In order to keep the links in proper position
I usually provide the outer band with an inner offset, which sets between the
branches of the inner slide. The exterior surface of the coupling is rounded to
operate in the proper manner in connection with cog gearing.
The better to explain this Invention I have added a Sheet of Drawings, which
are so simple and clear that I do not consider letters of reference necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES, PICKAXES, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS WITH DETACHABLE HANDLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Augustus Frederick Blakeney, of Bury Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Captain in the 1st Royal Lanark Militia, and
Henry Greene, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, Merchant, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES, PICKAXES, AND OTHER LIKE
IMPLEMENTS WITH DETACHABLE HANDLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Augustus Frederick
Blakeney and Henry Greene at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 24th November 1879.
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS FREDERICK BLAKENEY, of Bury Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Captain in the 1st Royal Lanark Militia, and HENRY GREENE, of
Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES,
PICKAXES, AND OTHER LIKE IMPLEMENTS WITH DETACHABLE HANDLES."
Our Invention relates to spades, shovels, pickaxes, forks, and similar implements
for military, agricultural, and other purposes, and is designed to provide the means
whereby such implements may be furnished with bandles which may be readily
detached from and re-attached to the same, so that the implements may be con-
veniently separated into two parts, that is to say, the implement proper and its
handle, which may be conveniently carried as part of the equipment of a soldier or
otherwise, and may be immediately put together and used when required.
Our said Invention consists in applying to such implements a device resembling
an ordinary bayonet joint, and is carried into practice as follows, that is to say:- -The
spade, shovel, pickaxe, fork, or other implement, to which the said improvements
are applied, is made of any convenient size and form; it must be provided with a
hollow shank or socket for the reception of the handle, which may be formed of
wood or other suitable material. The said socket is preferably made taper, and the
end of the handle is made taper to correspond with the same; if designed for military
purposes, and formed of wood, the said handle is sheathed with metal at the part
which enters the said socket, and we prefer that the said handle should be oval in
Price 2d1

page_text: transverse section to allow it to be advantageously used as a crowbar or the like.
The aforesaid metal sheath or other devices substituted therefor is securely and
immovably fixed on the said handle and is provided with a tooth or stud which is
firmly secured in the handle and projects at the side of the same.
The end of the
socket is formed with a slot and has upon it a metal ring or band which is capable
of adjustment by turning upon the said socket; this ring has a groove, and when
this groove is brought by the adjustment of the said ring into line or coincidence
with the slot, the socket will permit the end of the handle to be inserted into the
same; the said ring is then turned back and thereby locks the handle securely in
the said socket.
The handle being thus attached the implement is then ready for use. When the
work is finished the handle may be as readily detached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Turpin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1879.
EUGENE TURPIN, of 66, Rue de Charonne, Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO EMPLOYED FOR THIS
PURPOSE."
My Invention consists,―
Firstly. In employing for the production of motive power the vaporization of
certain substances not hitherto employed for this purpose, and having the following
properties, videlicet, vaporization at relatively low temperatures, a rapidly increasing
tension of their vapors with the increase of these temperatures, uninflammability
and easy condensation of these vapors. I prefer to employ anhydrous hypo-azotic
acid, A zo or its equivalents, such, for instance, as anhydrous sulphurous acid, chloride
of methyl, chloride of cyanogen, or anhydrous sulphuric acid.
Secondly. In vaporizing these liquids by means of any known source of heat,
either in a boiler such as is at present used for vaporizing water, or by introducing
the liquid in suitable quantities in the cylinder in which works the motive piston,
this cylinder being maintained at the temperature corresponding to the desired
tension of the vapors, by means of direct heat, or by means of the circulation of a
hot liquid in a double jacket or casing surrounding the cylinder.
Thirdly. In utilizing the vapors thus produced in a condensing steam engine
with or without expansion gear for transmitting motive power so as to utilize it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of ALE Boxng
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rigby, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
ALE Boxng"
Sealed the 4th November 1879, and dated the 16th June 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rigby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1879.
JOHN RIGBY, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE BOXES."
This Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of axle boxes, with a
view to rendering them as light as those made from wrought iron, and as hard as
those made in steel.
For this purpose I employ a mixture of steel and cast iron in any suitable
proportious, and scrap steel may be employed for admixture with the cast iron.
In carrying out my Invention I take about equal proportions of scrap steel and
cast iron, and melt them together in crucible pots, then form the axle boxes, after-
wards anneal them, to soften them as much as possible, then bore and finish them
in the soft state, after which they are hardened in the usual way.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Rigby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th December
1879.
JOHN RIGBY, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE BOXES."
This Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of axle boxes, with a
view to rendering them as light as those now made from wrought iron, and as hard
as those made in steel. For this purpose I employ a mixture of steel and cast iron
in any suitable proportions, and scrap steel- may be employed for admixture with
the cast iron.
In carrying out my Invention I take about equal proportions of scrap steel and
cast iron, melt them together in crucible pots, then form the axle boxes, afterwards
anneal them to soften them as much as possible, then bore and finish them in the
soft state, after which they are hardened in the usual way.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which 1
the same is to be performed,
I claim the improvements in the manufacture of axle boxes by the employment
of a mixture of metal consisting of iron and steel in about equal proportions, as
herein set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Rigby, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENVELOPES AND WRAPPERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stubbs, of New Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ENVELOPES AND WRAPPERS."
Sealed the 18th April 1879, and dated the 4th February 1879. *
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stubbs at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1879.
JOSEPH STUBBS, of New Kent Road, in the County of Surrey.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENVELOPES AND WRAPPERS."
The main objects of this Invention are to produce an envelope or wrapper which
shall be economical as to the material consumed and out of which it is cut, and to
be suitable also as a sheet or half sheet of letter paper for writing thereon, also to
be safe and convenient in use. It forms a note sheet or letter and envelope.all
in one piece, and according to one modification consists of what might be called a
half sheet of any convenient size. At the upper half of this half sheet I form a flap
on each side, and I also form a flap at the top. I make the flap of such a width as
not to meet in the centre as in ordinary envelopes. When this envelope sheet has
been written upon the inside of the lower half is folded over and down upon the
upper half, and the flaps are then folded and fastened down with adhesive material
on it, thus effecting a perfect closure; or the flaps may be on one side and at top
and bottom of half of what I call a half sheet of note paper; or the half sheet may
be of such a depth (or width, as the case may be) as to fold over more than once.
For longer communications I sometimes adapt an ordinary or other full sheet as
an envelope by forming the half of the top and the upper part of the same side with
a flap cach, and to the opposite edge on the side of the same half of the sheet I gum
on or otherwise permanently attach a flap. I am thus enabled to write on three
pages or sides, part of the fourth forming the front or address side of the envelope,
and the other part forming the back of same, on to which the flaps are then gummed
down.
I make a wrapper for an address card, gummed at the two ends and fastening at
the back of the card, the front of the latter being thus covered, thus forming at once

page_text: a covering and a surface on which to write an address and facilitate transmission
through the post office.
-On-the-inside-of-these-envelopes-and-wrappers may be printed or embossed any
letters, or marks, or designs. A number of my envelope sheets may be put together
as a writing tablet, and for that purpose formed with one or more holes for a cord,
or wire, or wires to pass through so as to be easily detached therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, CORSETS, AND BELTS FOR LADIES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by William Edward Whale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879. A communication
from abroad by Hugo Schultz, of No. 4, Route de Gonesse, St. Denis, Paris, in
the Republic of France.
WILLIAM EDWARD WHALE, of 23, Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Manufacturer's Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, CORSETS, AND BELTS FOR
LADIES." A communication from abroad by Hugo Schultz, of No. 4, Route do
Gonesse, St. Denis, Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stays, corsets, and belts, and
is intended to and will enable ladies to improve the appearance of their figures, and
consists in forming the before named articles with air bags constructed in their
substance, or attached at the parts covering the breasts, and so formed that when
inflated they resemble the shape of well formed bosoms.
The inflation is accomplished by means of a small flexible tube connected with
the air bags, and provided with a screw or other valvo and mouth piece, by means
of which the wearer may inflate the said bags to the exact extent she desires, and
which, when inflated, feel to the touch very like the natural bosom.
The facility with which these may be adjusted to any required size by blowing
in or letting out a little air, or may be allowed to collapse when not required, the
lightness, and above all the pleasing resemblance to nature, both in appearance,
and to the sense of touch, render these garments constructed according to this
Invention greatly superior to any horetofore offered to the public.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JEWELRY AND ORNAMENTS IN ENAMEL AND JET ON ALL METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Désiré Bodin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1879.
LOUIS DÉSIRÉ BODIN, of Boulevard Saint-Denis, No. 1, at Paris. "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JEWELRY AND ORNAMENTS IN ENAMEL AND JET
ON ALL METALS."
My Invention has for its object the application and use of an improved system
of manufacture to jewelry and ornaments in enamel and in jet soldered on all
metals.
It consists in soldering the enamel and jet mounted on its stem in lieu of
rivetting, pasting, or screwing, as is usually done, and it has the important advan-
tage that in forming the different subjects of jewelry and ornaments no break is
produced; the result being great economy in the manufacture, since it occasions
less loss of enamel and all the accessory adherents with the principal stem by means
of the soldering which I make.
My jewels thus manufactured present the advantage of not becoming unfixed by
the action of the heat of the body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH ANNEALING OVENS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VERY THIN IRON AND STEEL WIRE
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wilmsmann, Engineer, of the Firm of Asbeck,
Osthaus, Eicken, & Co., of Hagen, in the German Empire, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH
ANNEALING OVENS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VERY THIN IRON AND STEEL
WIRE"
Sealed the 30th January 1880, and dated the 4th December 1879,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Wilmsmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1879,
WILLIAM WILMSMANN, of the Firm of Asbeck, Osthaus, Eicken, & Co., of Hngen,
in the German Empire, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
CONNECTION WITH ANNEALING OVENS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VERY THIN IRON
AND STEEL WIRE."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be employed in connection with annealing
ovens for regulating the strain on very thin iron and steel wire as it is being drawn
in a heated state, so as to avoid the severance to which such wire is subject when
the drawing proceeds rapidly. The accompanying Drawings shew apparatus
according to this Invention applied to the furnace or oven in which the wire is
heated, and from which it passes to the drawing rolls. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal
section; Fig. 2, a transverse section on the line A, B, of Fig. 3, which is a sectional
plan of the oven F, in which the wire is heated. In the oven is mounted a reel E,
fixed on a vertical axis A, and having fixed on it under the floor of the oven a
flanged pulley A¹ connected by a strap C to another flanged pulley A' on an external
vertical axis, on which is fixed a hand wheel D, so that by turning the wheel D
the reel E is caused to rotate. The wire heated in the oven F is placed while hot
on the reel E, and led, as shewn by the dotted lines X, through the rolls Z, whereby
it is drawn thinner. When the rolls are driven rapidly the hot wire has not
sufficient tenacity to resist the sudden strain imposed upon it in setting the reel E
in motion. In order to effect considerable reduction of this strain, and so avoid
fracture of the wire, the reel E is by means of the wheel D and its connections
put in motion at the moment when the wire is introduced between the rolls. By
the use of this apparatus the rolls can with safety be driven at a speed of 400 to
500 revolutions per minute, whereas without its use fracture of the wire often
occurs even when the speed of the rolls is from 200 to 250 revolutions per minute;

page_text: thus the product of the rolls can be very largely increased, whilst the manufacture
of the wire is itself improved by the application of a higher speed in drawing.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim the apparatus herein described with reference to the
accompanying Drawings for regulating the strain in the drawing of heated wire.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wilmsmann, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
WILLIAM WILMSMANN. (LS.)