NEW OR IMPROVED FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING-STICKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES AND MEANS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME A com
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Rook, of 120 Cannon Street, in the
City of London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, for an invention of
NEW OR IMPROVED FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING-STICKS, AND OTHER
SUCH LIKE ARTICLES AND MEANS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
A com-
munication from abroad by Antoine André Rolland, of Paris in the Republic of
City of London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, for an invention of
NEW OR IMPROVED FERRULES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING-STICKS, AND OTHER
SUCH LIKE ARTICLES AND MEANS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
A com-
munication from abroad by Antoine André Rolland, of Paris in the Republic of
France, Manufacturer
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Henry Beck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1882.
WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 139 Cannon Street in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, 'NEW OR IMPROVED FERRULES FOR
UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, AND MEANS OF
MANUFACTURING THE SAME," A communication from abroad by Antoine André
Rolland of Paris in the Republic of France, Manufacturer
This invention relates to metallic ferrules for umbrellas, walking sticks and other
such like articles and consists in manufacturing the said ferrules in one piece with
extra thickness at the closed end. This is effected by taking a piece of metal
of a thickness equal to that it is desired the closed end should be, and in
working this piece or sheet of metal by one or more operations in a stamping
machine (machine à emboutir) into the form of the cup or ferrule with its sides
gradually thinning up from the bottom to the top It is already known that
the ends of umbrella and walking stick ferrules have to be strengthened in
order to protect effectually the ends of such sticks, but they ought also to
be stronger or thicker immediately above the thickened end than at the upper
edges of the cup or ferrule which edges require to be thin when the surface
of the ferrule is to be level or even with the surface of the stick so as to
necessitate little or no cutting away of the wood of the stick for that purpose.
The strengthened ends at present in use are formed of a tube of uniform thickness
closed at one end by a metallic plug of greater or lesser thickness soldered to the
tube. Ferrules constructed in this way have the great defect of offering very little

page_text: resistance when the extreme end of the stick does not come in contact with the
plug because, being comparatively thin, and as it were isolated, and not protected
by the stick they have little strength, and cannot resist much vertical or lateral
strain without bending and consequently without breaking.
Supposing (which is rarely the case) that the reinforcement or plug touches the
stick, the use of the umbrella or walking stick quickly wears out the ferrule all
round, and in a short time the solder disappears whereby the whole mounting is
spoilt.
It is therefore easy to understand that ferrules strengthened or thickened by
soldering two pieces together in this way are defective from two points of view,
firstly in respect of the uniformity of thickness of the tube forming the cup or
ferrule, and secondly in respect of the soldering which connects the tube to the
thickening piece or reinforce.
The metallic ferrule forming the subject of the present invention possesses the
following advantages.
First Being of a single piece and without solder the thickened or reinforced
part cannot be detached from the tube.
Second-The tube being of greater thickness at the bottom that at the top
(where it is by preference inade as thin as possible), cannot bend at or near the
thickened or reinforced part.
Third-The manufacture consisting in striking up the metal by successive
mechanical operations does not necessitate the employment of special or expensive
workmen and consequently becomes economical.
In the drawing annexed, Figure 1 shows to double full size a section of a ferrule
made in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 an external view of same.
Figure 3 shows a ferrule mounted.
As before mentioned, after having cut off a piece of metal of a thickness equal
to that which the thickened or reinforced part a is to have, this piece is submitted,
by preference while hot, to a first striking up or stamping, which produces a cup of
uniform thickness; a second operation elongates this cup by reducing the
thickness of the sides, a third operation produces a thinning of the sides above the
part c; and finally one or more other passages through the machine diminishes
the thickness gradually from c to b, so as to reduce it at the edge b as thin as
possible.
This latter point has a certain importance which is here insisted upon, because it
allows of only cutting slightly into the wood or even not at all, in order to make the
surface of the ferrule even with the stick d. With ferrules thickened and soldered
the wood has to be cut down to the extent of the whole thickness of the tubo and
the thicker the mounting is the more the wood must be cut away.
I am aware that ferrules have already been made in one piece and without
solder; but these have been of equal thickness both in the terminal cup or closed end,
and in the tube, and consequently they present the inconveniences of bending, and
of wearing out rapidly at the end.
The thickened or reinforced ferrules forming the subject of the present invention
and made in one piece not only never bend or pleat but they cannot deteriorate
in any of the parts which support the strain.
Any suitable metal or alloy may be employed for the manufacture of these
ferrules which may be made of any forms or dimensions appropriate to the objects
to which they are to be applied such as umbrellas, sun shades, walking sticks, and
BO forth.
Having now described the nature of the said invention and the manner in which
the same is to be carried into effect I would have it understood that what I claim
us the invention to be secured by letters patent is:
First The manufacture of metallic ferrules for umbrella and other sticks or
articles in one piece without soldering in such manner as to preserve a thick part
or reinforcement at the closed end and to give to the tubular part a thickness
diminishing progressively from the thick closed end to the edge or rim of the

page_text: ferrule, the said edge or rim being by preference made as thin as possible in order
to bring the surface of the ferrule level with the surface of the stick without
recessing the said stick materially if at all; the whole as herein before described and
illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawing hereto annexed.
Second-The manufacture of metallic ferrules in one piece thickened or
reinforced at the end without solder by striking up or stamping the same, whilst
either hot or cold, at several operations as herein specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Henry Beck have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
139 Cannon Street
London
May 13 1882
W. H. BECK (L.S.)