Improvements in Noiseless Tyres for Wheels, and in the Means for Securing the same.
Year: 1895

page_text: .Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1896-Accepted, 19th Dec.. 1896
Improvements in Noiseless Tyres for Wheels, and in the Means for
Securing the same.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue Longsight, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its principal object to give a more elastic action to what
are known as solid rubber tyres, and cushion rubber tyres a part of the invention
however is applicable also to what are known as pneumatic tyres.
For the purposes of my invention I first mount on the wooden or other felloes of
the wheel a groove-shaped metal rim which may be shrunk or otherwise secured on
the felloe or rim of the wheel, or the felloe of the wheel itself may be made to form
or partly form the rim. This groove shaped metal rim may have its upper edges
turned inwards so as to partly approach each other, say the inturned edges may
project from one eighth to a quarter of an inch, more or less, so as to form a
shoulder for retaining the india-rubber wearing tread which latter may be either
solid or of what is known as "cushion" shaped. I make such tread with a base
having flanges projecting outwards sufficiently to fit under the turned-in edges of
the groove shaped metal rim, whilst the body of the wearing tread will be narrow,
so as to fit freely between the turned-in edges of the groove shaped metal rim,
and will project, say, about three-quarters of an inch (more or less) above the
surface of the groove shaped rim.
**:
In this case the section of the groove shaped rim will be deeper than those at
present in use, whilst the base of the solid or cushion rubber wearing tread will
only project downwards into the groove about one quarter to three eighths of an
inch, more or less, thus leaving a space between the bottom of the groove and the
base of the rubber wearing tread such space being sufficient to receive an air or
cushion tube, which tube, when inflated, will force itself up against the base of the
rubber wearing tread, and thus form a more elastic cushion to the wearing tread, so
as to lessen the vibration of the vehicle. It will be understood that such air or
cushion tube will be fixed into the groove shaped rim before the rubber wearing
tread is inserted, the rubber tread being afterwards inserted in the usual way, and
fixed in its place by means of two steel rings shrunk on or otherwise secured over
the edges of the metal rim and extending inwards above the projecting side flanges
of the base of the wearing tread.
I sometimes construct a groove shaped metal rim less in depth and having its
upper edges turned inwards so as to form undercut recesses to receive the flanged
edges of a strong india rubber and canvas cover which may form the wearing tread
and encloses a pneumatic tube strengthened with canvas; the position of such
tube or tubes will be entirely above or outside the edges of the metal rim.
The edges of the cover meet below the pneumatic tube and form a solid cushion
between the latter and the bottom of the groove in the rim, the inner part where
the edges meet being of soft rubber only without canvas so as to allow of
compression during insertion, or these edges may be made thinner and a com-
pressible india rubber ring or its equivalent inserted between them. In some cases
may further enclose the pneumatic tube in a canvas or other non-stretching tube
or bag which will further protect the pneumatic tube from puncture.
In some cases also I may mount or form on the felloe of the wheel a trough like

page_text: section having no inward projections and make a split pneumatic cover which will
enclose an air tube, which cover will be made partly of strong canvas and thickened
at the split base so as to form solid ends which I provide with a number of ferrules
or bushes of elongated or other convenient section fixed firmly into the canvas cover.
Into these ferrules I attach set pins or other screws, or the ferrules may be screwed
so as to receive the screws or set pins, and when the latter are tightened they will
bind the edges of the cover firmly together which will enclose the air tube. This
may be done before placing the cover in the trough like section, or I might if
preferred place the cover in its position before placing the set pin or screws into
their positions; and in this case propose to drill a number of holes in the sides of
the trough like section to correspond with the position of the ferrules in the cover,
and afterwards screw the screws or set pins through the holes in the sides of the
trough like section and pass them into the ferrules which are fixed in the edges of
the cover and by this means firmly secure the cover to the rim. Pins or rivets or
the like may be used in place of screws. The ferrules or bushes or the like may be
made of buffalo bide, hard rubber wood metal or any suitable material.
In some cases I combine a cover and pneumatic or cushion tube such as above
described with a solid rubber or other suitable tread in the following manner: I make
the rubber wearing tread with a series of longitudinal circular or other formed
projections at close intervals all round its circumference, and I form a hoop or ring
of metal or other suitable material having corresponding slots or openings around
the periphery, so that when the hoop is placed outside the rubber tread and the
tube inflated the longitudinal or other projections will be forced through the slots
or openings in the metal hoop or ring and form the wearing tread on the tyre.
This wearing tread will be interrupted at intervals but the form and position of the
projections may be so arranged as to "break joint" so as to prevent vibration, the
tread in this case may be made in segments.
-
It will be understood that when the air tube is inflated it will secure firmly the
said metal hoop or ring and also the wearing tread in position and also act as an
elastic cushion to the same.
I may in some cases dispense with the split cover and make the air tube
externally of such a shape at the base as will fit solid into the groove of the metal
rim whilst the upper part above the rim is hollow and forms an air cushion beneath
the base of the wearing tread.
In any or all of the above mentioned cases the groove shaped metal rim may
have double turned-in flanges on the inside, that is to say an upper and a lower
flange so as to form two internal grooves, the base of the rubber tyre being
similarly made with two flanges at each side instead of one, so as to obtain a better
grip upon the base of the rubber wearing tread.
Dated this 21st day of December 1895
Improvements in Noiseless Tyres for Wheels, and in the Means for
Securing the same.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue, Longsight, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its principal object to give a more elastic action to what

page_text: are known as "solid rubber" or cushion tyres, a part of the invention however is
applicable also to what are known as "pneumatic" tyres.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference to
the two sheets of drawings hereunto annexed and the following explanation
thereof.
For the purposes of my invention I first mount on the wooden felloe a of the
wheel (when wooden felloes are employed) a grooved shaped metal rim 6 which
may be shrunk or otherwise secured to the felloe or rim of the wheel, or the felloe
of the wheel may itself be made to form, or partly form the rim.
*
In the modification of my invention illustrated by Fig. 1 on the drawings the
grooved metal rim b has its upper edges turned inwards so as to approach each other
forming a shoulder for retaining the india rubber wearing tread c which latter is of
what is known as the "cushion" shape. I make such tread c with a base having
flanges projecting outwards sufficiently to fit under the turned-in edges of the
grooved-shaped metal rim b whilst the body of the wearing tread c will be narrow,
so as to fit freely between the said turned-in edges of the metal rim, and will
project, say, about three quarters of an inch (more or less) above the surface of the
metal rim b.
In this case the section of the groove-shaped rim will be deeper than those at
present in use, whilst the base of the "cushion" rubber tread c will only project
downwards into the groove about one quarter to three eighths of an inch, more or
less, thus leaving a space between the bottom of the groove and the base of the
rubber wearing tread, as shown, such space being sufficient to receive a pneumatic
tube d which tube, when inflated will force itself up against the base of the rubber
wearing tread c and thus form an elastic cushion to the wearing tread so as to
lessen the vibration of the vehicle. It will be understood that such air cushion or
tube d will be fixed into the groove shaped rim & before the rubber wearing tread o
is inserted, the said rubber tread being afterwards inserted before the air cushion
or tube is fully inflated.
In some cases instead of turbing in the edges of the grooved metal rim b the
wearing tread is fixed in its place by means of two steel rings shrunk on or
otherwise secured over the edges of the metal rim and being wide enough to extend
i.wards above the projecting side flanges of the base of the wearing tread c.
For <<
a pneumatic" tyre I sometimes construct a metal rim bless in depth (as
shown at Fig. 2) and having its upper edge turned inwards so as to form undercut
recesses to receive the flanged edges of a strong india rubber and canvas split
cover e which forms the wearing tread and encloses a pneumatic tube f strengthened
with canvas; the position of such tube being entirely above or outside the edges
of the metal rim b.
The inner edges of the cover e meet below the pneumatic tube f and form a
solid cushion between the latter and the bottom of the groove in the rim, the inner
part (between the two dotted lines) where the edges meet, being of soft rubber
only, without canvas, so as to allow of compression during insertion, or these edges
may be made thinner and a compressible india rubber ring 9 or its equivalent
inserted between them as shown at Fig. 3.
In these cases the flanges of the base are made sufficiently strong to hold the
tyre in place without inflation, the flanges being kept in the grooves of the metal
rim by the expansion of the soft rubber merely.
Sometimes make a single tube tyre (without split or internal tube) as shown
at Fig. 2+ principally of india rubber with no canvas in the base and with an inside
strong canvas lining + to prevent undue dilation.
In some cases also I may mount or form, on the felloe of the wheel a metal
trough-like section (as shown at Fig. 4) having no inward projections, and make
a split wearing tread or cover e which will enclose an air tube f, which cover will
be made partly of strong canvas and thickened at the split base so as to form solid
edges, which 1 provide with a number of ferrules or bushes g+ of elongated or

page_text: Into
: other convenient section fixed firmly into the rubber and canvas cover e.
these ferrules 1 drive or. fix set pins or other screws, or the ferrules may be
screwed so as to receive the screws or set pins, and when the latter are tightened
. they will bind the edges of the cover firmly together which will enclose the air
tube f.
This may be done before placing the edges of the tyre in the metal rim b. The
ferrules or bushes g+ may be made of buffalo hide, hard rubber, wood, metal, or
⚫other suitable material.
In some cases I combine a cover and a pneumatic or cushion tube such as above
described with a solid rubber or other suitable tread in the following manner.
I make the rubber wearing tread with a series of longitudinal, circular or other
formed projections + (see section Fig. 5 and side elevation Fig. 6) at close
intervals all round its circumference, and 1 form a hoop or ring i of metal or other
-suitable material having corresponding slots or openings around the periphery (as
shown at plan view of the same, Fig. 7) so that when the slotted hoop is placed
outside the rubber tread (see Figs. 5 and 6) and the pneumatic tube f inflated, the
longitudinal or other projections h+ will be forced through the slots or openings in
the metal hoop or ring i and form the wearing tread of the tyre.
This wearing tread will be interrupted at intervals as seen at Fig. 6, but these
gaps may be prevented by forming the projections + as shewn at Fig. 8, the
adjacent parts of the projections being so formed as to touch at the periphery at
the points marked a but divided so as to let the bars between the slots of the
ring i pass through and then closing over them as shown, so that the tread is not
interrupted; or the form and position of the projections may be otherwise so
arranged as to break joint and thus prevent undue vibration. The wearing tread
is preferably made in sections so that in the event of one part becoming more
-worn than the rest it can be removed and renewed without the necessity for an
entirely new tread.
It will be understood that when the air tube fis inflated it will secure firmly
the said metal hoop or ring and also the wearing tread in position and also act as
an elastic cushion to the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
"
First. In noiseless tyres for wheels the combination with a " cushion
tyre of
an air tube or pneumatic cushion fitted between the base of the tyre and the
metal rim as herein before described and illustrated by Fig. 1 on the annexed
drawings.
Secondly. The combination of an internally flanged grooved metal rim with an
. externally flanged rubber and canvas cover having soft rubber inner edges and
enclosing a pueumatic inner tube as bereinbefore described and illustrated by
Fig. 2 on the annexed drawings.
Thirdly. The combination of an internally flanged metal rim with an externally
flanged single tube tyre lined with canvas as herein before described and illustrated
by Fig. 2+ on the annexed drawings.
Fourthly. The combination of an internally flanged metal rim with an inner
pneumatic tube and an externally flanged cover (split on the inside) and a soft
rubber packing placed between the inner edges thereof as hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Fig. 3 of the anuexed drawings.
Fifthly. The combination of a plain grooved metal rim with a split cover with
thickened edges meeting in the centre, the edges being fitted with tubes or ferrules
and secured together by set pins or screws as herein before described and illustrated
by Fig. 4 on the annexed drawings.
Sixthly. The combination with a plain grooved metal rim of a canvas lined
pneumatic tube and an external rubber wearing tread having longitudinal or other
projections passing through corresponding slots in a metal ring which confines it

page_text: in its position, so that the said projections form the wearing surface of the tread
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 on the
annexed drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1896.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.