IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Martin, of Box Grove, Guildford, in the
County of Surrey, Lieutenant-Colonel, late Commanding Fourth,
the King's Own, Royal Regiment, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS,”
Sealed the 9th April 1875, and dated the 8th February 1875.
T
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1875.
I, THOMAS MARTIN, of Box Grove, Guildford, in the County of
Surrey, Lieutenant-Colonel, late Commanding Fourth, the King's Own,
Royal Regiment, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to a construction of oil lamps, more par
ticularly applicable to railway carriages, wherein the air supply for the
burner is caused to pass through tubes from the upper part of the lamp
to an air casing surrounding the burner, such as described in the Speci-
fications to Patents granted to Tandy and Dryden, dated March 1st

page_text: 1872, No. 648, and to Tandy and Stroudly, dated 25th November 1872,
No. 3540.
According to one of my present improvements instead of arranging
the air tube or tubes to open into the space between the oil tank and
the chimney, as described in the said Specifications, whereby the air
becomes heated before passing to the burner, thus causing the lamp to
burn imperfectly, I extend the said tube or tubes up to the top of the
lamp casing (arranging the same to pass up at the back of the oil tank,
which is made with recesses for this purpose), where they communicate
with an air chamber formed round the outside of the casing above the
roof of the carriage, such chamber having apertures, through which the
external air enters, so that a supply of cold air is made to pass from the
air chamber down the tubes to the burner. The oil tank may be
extended to the top of the casing in order to protect the air tubes, and
these may be made to pass through the oil tank instead of in recesses
or notches in the back of the same, as above described. A number of
holes are made round the casing just below the oil tank and within the
carriage, through which the air can pass from inside the carriage into
the space between the oil tank and the chimney, escaping through the
-usual apertures at the top of the casing. By this means the oil tank is
kept cool, while at the same time the ventilation of the carriage is
effected.
According to another improvement I arrange the air tube or tubes to
communicate with the one end of the inner side of a small curved
oblong chamber fixed upon the upper surface of the reflector near the
circumference of the same; on the outer side of this chamber, near
'the opposite end to that to which the air tube is connected, are formed
two holes, the one somewhat lower than the other; and at some distance
from this end of the chamber I form by preference three holes in the
casing of the lamp, opening into the carriage just below the ceiling.
Thus the air supply for the burner will enter the holes in the casing
from the inside of the carriage, and will pass thence through the holes
in the small air chamber and down the air tubes to the burner, a portion
of the air entering the casing being allowed to pass up between the oil
tank and the chimney, so as to cool the former.
According to another modification of this arrangement I fix the small
air chamber on the outside of the casing, the air tube being made to

page_text: communicate with a hole near one end of the chamber, while holes are
formed near the other end of the chamber communicating with the
interior of the lamp; and at some distance from this end of the chamber
I form holes in the casing, through which the air supply enters, passing
thence into the air chamber and down the air tube to the burner. To
regulate the air supply to the burner I provide the aperture of the air
chamber leading to the air tube with a slide, which can be regulated
from the outside so as to close the aperture more or less.
The two last described arrangements for the air supply are also
applicable to the improved constructions of lamps for which Letters
Patent have been granted to me on the 22nd September 1874, No. 3247,
and on the 6th November 1874, No. 3838.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Thomas Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MARTIN, of Box Grove, Guildford, in the County of Surrey, Lieutenant-
Colonel, late Commanding Fourth, the King's Own, Royal Regiment,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Martin, Her special license that
I, the said Thomas Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Martin, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Martin,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme.
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Thomas Martin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:-
My improvements relate to a construction of oil lamps, more par-
ticularly applicable to railway carriages, wherein the air supply for the
burner is caused to pass through tubes from the upper part of the lamp
to an air casing surrounding the burner, such as described in the Speci-
fications to Patents granted to Tandy and Dryden, dated March 1st
1872, No, 648, and to Tandy and Stroudly, dated 25th November 1872,
No. 3540.
According to one of my present improvements instead of arranging
the air tube or tubes to open into the space between the oil tank and
the chimney, as described in the said Specifications, whereby the air
becomes heated before passing to the burner, thus causing the lamp to
burn imperfectly, I extend the said tube or tubes up to the top of the
lamp casing (arranging the same to pass up at the back of the oil tank,
which is made with recesses for this purpose), where they communicate
“with an air chamber formed round the outside of the casing above the
roof of the carriage, such chamber having apertures through which the
external air enters, so that a supply of cold air is made to pass from the
air chamber down the tubes to the burner. The oil tank may be
"extended to the top of the casing in order to protect the air tubes, and
these may be made to pass through the oil tank instead of in recesses or
notches in the back of the same, as above described. A number of
holes are made round the casing just below the oil tank and within the
carriage, through which the air can pass from inside the carriage into
the space between the oil tank and the chimney, escaping through the
usual apertures at the top of the casing. By this means the oil tank is
kept cool, while at the same time the ventilation of the carriage is
-effected..

page_text: According to another improvement I arrange the air tube or tubes
to communicate with the one end of the inner side of a small curved
oblong chamber fixed upon the upper surface of the reflector near the
circumference of the same; on the outer side of this chamber near the
opposite end to that to which the air tube is connected are formed two
holes, the one somewhat lower than the other; and at some distance
from this end of the chamber I form by preference three holes in the
casing of the lamp, opening into the carriage just below the ceiling.
Thus the air supply for the burner will enter the holes in the casing
from the inside of the carriage, and will pass thence through the holes
in the small air chamber and down the air tubes to the burner, a portion
of the air entering the casing being allowed to pass up between the oil
tank and the chimney, so as to cool the former.
According to another modification of this arrangement I fix the small
air chamber on the outside of the casing, the air tube being made to
communicate with a hole near one end of the chamber, while holes are
formed near the other end of the chamber communicating with the
interior of the lamp, and at some distance from this end of the chamber
I form holes in the casing, through which the air supply enters, passing
thence into the air chamber and down the air tube to the burner. To
regulate the air supply to the burner I provide the aperture of the air
chamber leading to the air tube with a slide, which can be regulated
from the outside so as to close the aperture more or less.

page_text: of passing these tubes in recesses c, c, outside the oil reservoir, as shown
in Figs. 1 and 2, they might be passed through the reservoir as shewn
at C in the part plan thereof, Fig. 3. The air tubes C, C, have a
I shape at the top communicating with short cross tubes D, D, one end
of each of which is open to the space round the chimney, the other end
being covered by an annular casing or chamber E surrounding the upper
part of the lamp and having numerous small holes e, e, pierced through
its upper side. By this arrangement air entering the chamber E through
the holes e, e, supplies the tubes D, a portion descends the air pipes C
to supply the flame, and a portion passes into the space surrounding the
chimney, and the supply to the flame is thus rendered quiet and steady,
the effect of gusts or external air currents being completely baffled.
Fig. 4 represents a vertical section; and Fig. 5 a sectional plan on
the line Y, Y, of an arrangement of carriage lamp in which the air
supply is steadied when it is taken from inside the carriage by the
improved means secondly described above. In this case each of the air
tubes C, C, opens from the bottom of a curved oblong chamber F fixed
above the reflector R. In the side of this chamber are holes f, f, by
which air enters it from the space under the oil reservoir A, that space
being supplied with air from the carriage, entering it by holes G, G,
which are pierced through the casing at points as far distant as possible
from the holes f, f. A portion of the air entering by G, G, will pass
upwards in the space within the oil reservoir, keeping it cool, and the
flame will receive by the air pipes C, C, what is requisite for combustion,
the effect of gusts or currents exterior to the lamp being completely
baffled by the arrangement described of the air apertures and passages.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,―
First. The arrangement for supplying air to the flames of lamps from
the external atmosphere, substantially as described in reference to Figs.
1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying Drawings, the air being admitted by
numerous small openings into a chamber whence pipes lead to the
interior of the lamp with branches to the flame, the effect of gusts or
currents being thereby baffled.
Second. The modified arrangement for a carriage lamp, substantially
as described in reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings,
air taken from within the carriage being admitted to the interior of the

page_text: into air chambers, whence the air pipes lead to the flame, so that the
effect of gusts or currents is baffled.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Martin, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.