IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING MATE- RIALS TO BE USED FOR CEMENTING PURPOSES, AND FOR PREVENTING THE PASSAGE OF FLUIDS, AND ALSO FOR FORMING OR CONSTRUCTING ARTICLES FROM SUCH COMPOSITIONS OF MATERIALS
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLAUDE
EDWARD DEUTSCHE, of Fricom's Hotel, Saint Martin's Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-.
minster, the Eight day of October, in the sixth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Claude
Edward Deutsche, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Claude Edward Deutsche, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Claude Edward Deutsche, my exors, admors, or_
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING MATE-
RIALS TO BE USED FOR CEMENTING PURPOSES, AND FOR PREVENTING THE PASSAGE OF
FLUIDS, AND ALSO FOR FORMING OR CONSTRUCTING ARTICLES FROM SUCH COMPOSITIONS
OF MATERIALS," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad; in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Claude Edward
Deutsche, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Claude Edward Deutsche, do hereby declare that the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
The Invention consists in a mode of treating bituminous substances, and
combining them with other matters as herein-after described, so as to render
them applicable to the various purposes now to be described.
The foundation of the Invention is, the use of combustible, bituminous
substances, such as bitumen, asphalte, pisasphate, mattes, mineral caoutchouc,
and the produce of the distillation of coal. To operate upon these matters
take a certain quantity of bituninous substance,-I prefer to use bitumen of
Trinidad, and place the same in an ordinary distilling vessel; close the same,
and apply heat to it until the essential oil and water which is contained in the
bitumen has been given off in vapour, which vapour will be condensed by its
passing through an ordinary condenser, which is surrounded by cold water.
When it has arrived at that stage that the condensed water, &c. comes away
only in small drops the bitumen under operation should be removed from the
vessel, and passed through a metallic cloth sieve arranged at the upper part of
a basin containing water, when the whole will be brought to a temperature of
fifty degrees of centigrades; it then may be removed and made into any form
required.
Second preparation.-Add to the matter above prepared from one to fifty per
cent. of protoxide of lead, or of any other oxide, and mix them well together, by
which I obtain an infusible substance more or less so in proportion to the
quantity of the metallic oxide that is put in.
Third preparation.-Take a quantity of the material prepared as described in
the first preparation, and, after having driven off by heat all the essential oil
and humidity contained in it, then add from one to twenty per cent. of oil
reduced almost to a state of dryness by the addition to it of a quantity of
litharge, or any other metallic oxide; then add a sufficient quantity of essential
oil of turpentine or other essential oil, until it is brought into the state or
consistency of ordinary paint.
Fourth preparation.--Add to a quantity of the first preparation a sufficient
quantity of oil of turpentine or other oil, to bring it to the consistency of
ordinary paint.
Fifth preparation.-Add to a quantity of the first preparation from one to
one hundred per cent. of fatty matters. I prefer to use concrete whale oil, by
which the fusibility of the substance will be more or less increased in proportion
to the quantity of fatty matters that are put in. By adding to these different
preparations a quantity of wax, gum resin, resin, sulphur, or caoutchouc, I

page_text: obtain a flexibility and adhesive property, more or less, according to the quantity
of such matters employed.
Sixth preparation.-To make a brilliant black (brown) varnish, the bitumen
should be well heated until it is brought into a liquid state, and then passed
through very fine heated sieves; then add from one to one hundred per cent. of
gum resin or resin, and mix the whole well together, and place the same again
on the fire, and leave it there until the whole of the essential oils and humidity
have been evaporated, when spirits of wine or essential oil of turpentine, or
other oils, is to be added to bring it into the required consistency for use.
Ivory black, or other coloring matters, may then be added in a powdered state.
If rosin lac is used it must be dissolved in alcohol and added to the prepared
bitumen, as explained in the fourth preparation. The bitumen, thus purified
and mixed with resin and resinous gums, will be found to be capable of being
made into a very good sealing wax.
Seventh preparation.-I take a quantity of the first preparation, and add to it
a quantity of .cather, one or many together vegetable products, such as
caoutchouc, the bedellium copal, rosin lac, or elémi of gum rosin, or other
rosin, and add thereto a suitable quantity of any essential oil or alcohol, or even
oil and alcohol mixed together. The adhesive nature of these preparations will
be more or less increased in proportion to the quantity of gum rosin which is
put in. The first of these vegetable products, with the addition of a considerable
quantity of oil or alcohol, may be usefully employed to render tissues, leather,
and wood impermeable. The last of these vegetable products, by the addition
of a larger quantity of rosinous matter, will make a good cement for cementing
stones, metals, and wood used in the construction of vessels.
I would observe, that in preparing the matters for cementing purposes that
the oil of naptha (crude naptha) obtained by distillation from bitumen or coal
mixed with a portion of alcohol, is the most preferable to be used, and the
rosin or gum rosin that I prefer to use is the rosin lac in sheets as being of the
most adhering nature. The following are a list of preparation for cementing
purposes, where the distilled bitumen may be added in quantities of from one
to one hundred per cent. :-
Firstly, I take one part of oil or alcohol and two parts of rosin lac, or any
other rosin, and melt them over the fire, keeping it well stirred up. In
applying this for joining anything together I apply over the surface of the
articles to be joined a coating with a hard brush, taking care that all the
surface is covered; I then apply heat until the cement is in a liquid state, when
the articles to be joined together are placed one over the other and pressed
together, and allowed to remain under pressure until the cement is cold.

page_text: Secondly, I add one part of oil or alcohol with one part of bdellium, and
melt them together over the fire. I then add one part of rosin lac, or other
rosin, and heat it as before explained of Number One.
Thirdly, I dissolve in water one part of gelatine, one part of oil or alcohol
with one part of rosin lac; mix these products well together over the fire until
they are well amalgamated together, and then use them as explained at No. 1.
Fourthly, I add to one part of bdellium two parts of gelatine dissolved in
water, and one part of oil in alcohol, and heat them together until they are
well mixed. I then add two parts of rosin lac dissolved in one part of alcohol,
and mix the whole together, and employ the preparation as explained at
No. 1.
Fifthly, I melt two parts of rosin lac, or other rosin, with one part of liquid
styrax, and apply it as before.
Sixthly, I melt two parts of resin lac in one part of turpentine, and apply
it as before.
Seventhly, I take one part of liquid styrax or turpentine, and add four parts
of rosin lac and one part of oil or alcohol, and mix the whole together, and
apply it as before.
Eighthly, I take one part of liquid styrax or turpentine, one part of alcohol,
and two parts of rosin lac, and add to it two parts of gelatine dissolved in
water, and mix the whole together and apply it as before. To all these prepa-
rations a proportion of caoutchouc may be added to the oils to give a flexibility
to them, from one to one hundred per cent., in proportion to the quantity of
flexibility required.
The first, second, fifth, and seventh of the above-described preparations will
be found more particularly applicable for caulking vessels that trade to those
countries situated between the tropics; also in constructing of steam boats it
may be usefully applied to those parts which are near to the fireplace and
boiler; also for stopping the cracks in the masts, yards, and sides of ships; it
may also be used as a cement for joining stone, wood, and metals; for covering
them in order to preserve them; also every description of linen, paper, leather,
&c.; for making sealing wax, and for forming subterraneous passages for water
for luting parts of steam engines, and chemical vessels; it may be formed into
roofs, gutters, and tubes of every description for the passage of gas and other
fluids; to form statues, vases, and other architectural ornaments; it may also
be employed to preserve provisions by coating the vessels containing them in
such manner as to exclude the atmospheric air.
The preparations described as the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh may be
applied to painting purposes; they will be found particularly applicable to the

page_text: preservation of steel, iron, and other metals for wood, linen, and any other
description of article that are exposed to damp.
The fifth preparation will be found particularly applicable to rendering leather
impermeable; also for the caulking of ships. I would observe with regard to
this latter application, that care must be taken in the preparation that when the
vessels go to hot climates that there be a decreased quantity of fatty matters
put therein, and a greater quantity when they go to cold climates.
The first, second, fifth, and seventh, when combined with the dust of stones,
wood, coal, scoria, or the filings of metals, or their oxides, may be employed to
form walls, statues, vases, &c., &c.
In employing the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh preparations, varying the
proportions as may be required, articles of linen and waxed or varnished papers
may be manufactured for the impermeability of leather, of linens, also for the
preservation of wood, vegetable, and mineral substances, and all matters which
become injured by damp.
From the essential oils obtained in the distillation of the bitumen I extract the
naptha contained therein, which has been for a long time employed for medicinal
purposes; this naptha will be very pure, and in quantities greater than those
obtained from pitch.
To preserve substances from decay caused by worms and other insects it will
only be necessary to cover them over with a coating of any of the above
products mixed with a portion of any poisonous matter, which will effectually
prevent their ravages.
In witness whereof, I, the said Claude Edward Deutsche, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-nine day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.

page_text: William Henry Ritchie, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gent., maketh oath, and saith that he is acquainted with the handwriting of
Gilbert Gordon, Esquire, the British Consul at Havre, in the Kingdom of
France; that he has examined the Specification of a Patent granted to Claude.
Edward Deutsche, to which the signature of the aforesaid Gilbert Gordon is 5
attached, and that he verily believes the same to be in his handwriting, and that'
he was the British Consul at the time such signature was written.