IMPROVEMENTS IN RELAY APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1884

page_text: 1, CHARLES DENTON ABEL OI IN
ags saucery
in the county of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RELAY APPARATUS
FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS" to be as follows :-
This invention relates to an arrangement of electric telegraph apparatus for
transmission from line current to working current by means of polarised relay
apparatus described in a Provisional specification filed by me on the 24th January
1884 N° 2078.
I. ARRANGEMENT WITH TWO-POLARISED RELAYS.
According to the present improvements, the armature of the polarised relay R' pl
shewn on the diagram plan fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, and which is
introduced into the circuit of the working current has on its right hand contact
surface a small contact pin l. Round the right hand contact post passes a metal
piece y, which is fixed thereto and extended on both sides.
The front extension has a double rectangular inward bend, so as to form a hook,
on the end of which is a projection k which may be an adjustable screw; this
hook has for its object to limit the motion of the steel spring i, and at the same
time to conduct the electric current arriving from O through i to y-a-W and to
effect, together with the spring i, the opening and closing of the line current O-W.
To the back extension of the metal piece g is fixed in an insulated manner an
upright metal piece Z, which is bent to a right angle at the lower end, and has a
threaded hole formed in it for the reception of a pinching screw, which is in
conducting connection with the pinching sorewho, insulated from the relay, as
shewn in the side view of this contrivance at fig. 2.
The connection che terminates in a wire coil g in order that it may follow the
movement of the slide. To the upper end of the metal piece Z is attached in
conducting contact the adjustable spring by means of two screws, which spring,
in its rest position bears against the projection of the hook, thus making contact
therewith

page_text: The contact screw L has an insulated joint j and serves as support to the spring i
and also for regulating the extent of its motion.
The whole is carried by the right hand contact post, and must therefore follow
the motion of the slide.
The above described contrivance of relay R¹ p 1 is particularly suitable for the
alteration of existing relays, because it interferes to a minimum extent with the
relay.
The armature of the polarised relay Rp 2 which is introduced into the circuit of
the line current is altered from the arrangement shewn in the before mentioned
prior Specification as follows:-
ว
On the right hand contact surface of the armature is fixed a small metal piece m
but separated from the armature by an insulating layer o¹. This metal piece has
for its object to receive the current passing to the circuit N, which is led through
the contact d' when the armature is moved away from D and to lead it direct to
the circuit N without passing through relay R¹p 1 To the right hand of tho
armature is a pinching screw h¹ fixed in an insulated manner upon the relay, and
serving to receive one end of the wire coil g' attached with its other end to a
metal piece m by pinching screws, the screw Z being in conducting connection
with the insulated pinching screw c¹.
The resistances described in the before mentioned prior Specification are in this
case dispensed with, whereby a considerably less battery power is required for the
circuit N.
The finger key T' has an interrupted working contact plater, as shewn; ris
connected with the contact d of the relay Rp 2; on r¹ is the working contact, and
it has in addition a battery plate v. The back plate of the commutator U³ is
interrupted and can be connected up by a stopper. The connections of the
apparatus are as shewn in fig. 1 of the drawings. R' p 1 and Rp 2 are two polarised
relays, S¹ S' are the writing instruments; U₁ U' U the commutators, T T the
finger keys, G G the galvanometer, B¹ the working current battery, B' the
line current battery; O-W the line current circuit and N the working current
circuit.
For transmitting signals from the line circuit O-W to the working current
circuit N, or vice versa, the holes 1 are stoppered in U' U* Uª and T¹. The course
of the current in the line circuit is then as follows:-
O G'S' B'U' Rp 2 R¹ p 1 (chgzik ya) U' (hole 1) T' to W, so that the
armature levers or the armatures S' and R p' are attracted and lie against the
rest contact.
The course of the current in the working current circuit is as follows
NGT U (over hole 1) R' p 1 U (middle plate), n n'd U³ (front plate) to
earth.
If now the line current be interrupted in the circuit 0-W by depressing a key,
S' and Rp 2 become inoperative armature n' at Rp 2 moves to contact d', thus
breaking the earth contact at d, and making contact between plate m and d¹; the
working current of battery B¹ is closed and passes as follows (the battery having its
one pole put to earth): B₁ T (hole 1 r) Bp 2 (contact d'm g¹ h¹ c¹) U³ (hole 1)
T (rest contact plate, body of key) G to circuit N actuating the writing
instrument at the distant station. This current cannot pass from the commutator Ui
over R¹p 1 U³ (metal plate) armature h n' and d¹ to earth because the armature n n¹
rests against the contact d' so long as a current is passing through circuit N, and
consequently the connection with earth at d is interrupted.
The armature C C₁ of the relay R¹ P¹ therefore remains against the rest contact
and the circuit 0-W remains closed at k. If now the distant station of the
circuit N sends a line current which finds its way to earth through n n¹, the
armature of the relay R' p 1 effects the local closing (F) of the battery B' of
relay Rp 2. The spring i, yielding to the pressure moves away from k, whereby
the line circuit 0-W will be interrupted. The armature of the relay Rp 2 remains
against the rest contact, so that no disturbing current can enter the circuit N, and

page_text: the earth connection at d is also maintained because the local current (i) is closed
before the line current O-W is interrupted.
If the current ceases in circuit N, the armature c c¹ moves back to contact l, the
spring i remaining so long against the contact until it has reached the projection k
and so closes the circuit 0-W; it then leaves contact 11, whereby the local
current (i) is opened.
A current passes continuously through the coils of the relay Rp 2 during the
time that the circuit N is operating, because the closing of the local current always
precedes the opening of the line current, and the closing of the line current
precedes the opening of the local current, consequently the armature n n' is always
attracted and remains against the contact d, thus maintaining on the one hand the
connection with earth, and on the other hand preventing the entrance of a
disturbing current into the circuit N.
In place of the relays may be employed writing instruments having the above
described contrivances so that they have in addition to the function of writing, the
function of transmitting the currents.
If a
The system of transmission with the circuit N is separated from the circuit 0-W,
if at the commutators U and U' the stopper is moved from hole 1 to hole 2
station on circuit N calls, the system of transmission signals. The circuit N is
put in connection with the writing instrument S', and the two relays are cut out,
if in the commutator U' and key T¹, the stopper is moved from hole 1 to hole 2.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.

page_text: COMILELE
DIEVITICATION.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RELAY APPARATUS
FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to an arrangement of electric telegraph apparatus for
transmission from line current to .working current by means of polarized relay
apparatus described in the Specification to my previous Patent dated 24th January
1884 N° 2078.
I. ARRANGEMENT WITH TWO POLARIZED RELAYS.
According to the present improvements the armature of the polarized relay R'p 1
shewn on the diagram plan Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings, and which is
introduced into the circuit of the working current, has on its right hand contact
surface a small contact pin l. Round the right hand contact post passes a metal
piece y, which is fixed thereto and extended on both sides.
The front extension has a double rectangular inward bend so as to form a hook,
on the end of which is a projection k which may be an adjustable screw; this hook
has for its object to limit the motion of the steel spring i, and at the same time to
conduet the electric current arriving from O through to y-a-W and to effect,
together with the spring i, the opening and closing of the line current 0-W.
To the back extension of the metal piece y is fixed in an insulated manner an
upright metal piece Z, which is bent to a right angle at the lower end, and has a
threaded hole formed in it for the reception of a pinching screw which is in
conducting connection with the pinching screw h c, insulated from the relay, as
shewn in the side view of this contrivance at Fig. 2.
The connection c h Z terminates in a wire coil g in order that it may follow the
movement of the slide. To the upper end of the metal piece Z is attached in
conducting contact the adjustable spring i, by means of two screws, which spring
in its rest position bears against the projection k of the hook, thus making contact
therewith.
The contact screw L has an insulated joint j and serves as support to the spring i,
and also for regulating the extent of its motion. The whole is carried by the
right hand contact post, and must therefore follow the motion of the slide.
The above described contrivance of relay R' p 1 is particularly suitable for the
alteration of existing relays, because it interferes to a minimum extent with
the relay.
The armature of the polarized relay Rp 2 which is introduced into the circuit
of the line current is altered from the arrangement shewn in the before mentioned
prior Specification as follows:
On the right hand contact surface of the armature is fixed a small metal piece m
but separated from the armature by an insulating layer o'. This metal piece has
for its object to receive the current passing to the circuit N, which is led through

page_text: the contact when the armature is moved away from d, and to lead it direct to
the circuit N without passing through relay R¹ p 1. To the right hand of the'
armature is a pinching screw h' fixed in an insulated manner upon the relay, afid
serving to receive one end of the wire coil g', attached with its other end to the'
metal piece m by pinching screw 8, the screw Z being in conducting connection
with the insulated pinching screw cl
The resistances described in the before mentioned prior Specification are in this
case dispensed with, whereby a considerably less battery power is required for the
circuit N.
The finger key T₁ has an interrupted working contact plate rr', as shewn;
ris connected with the contact d' of the relay Rp 2; on r is the working contact,
and it has in addition a battery plate v. The back plate of the commutator U³ is
interrupted and can be connected up by a stopper. The connections of the
apparatus are as shewn at Fig. 1 of the drawings. R'p 1 and Rp 2 are two
polarized relays, S¹ S² are the writing instruments; U₁ U Us the commutators
TT the finger keys, G' G' the galvanometer, B' the working current battery,
B the line current battery; 0-W the line current circuit and N the working
current circuit.
For transmitting signals from the line circuit 0-W to the working current
circuit N, or vice versa, the holes 1 are stoppered in U' U' U* and T. The course
of the current in the line circuit is then as follows: O G' S* B* U' Rp 2 R¹ p 1
(chgziky a) U (hole 1) Ts to W, so that the armature levers or the
armatures S and Rp 2 are attracted and lie against the rest contact.
The course of the current in the working current circuit is as follows:
NG TU (over hole 1) R¹p 1 U³ (middle plate) n n¹d U³ (front plate) to
earth.
If now the line current be interrupted in the circuit 0-W by depressing a key,
S' and R P 2 become inoperative, armature n' at Rp 2 moves to contact d¹, thus
breaking the earth contact at d, and making contact between plate m and d; the
working current of battery B¹ is closed and passes as follows (the battery having
its one pole put to earth): B' T (hole 1, r) Rp 2 (contact d' m g¹ h' c'¹) U³
(hole 1) T (rest contact plate, body of key) G' to circuit N, actuating the writing
instrument at the distant station. This current cannot pass from the commutator Ui
over R¹p 1 U³ (metal plate) armature n n¹ and d to earth, because the
armature n n³ rests against the contact d' so long as a current is passing through
circuit N, and consequently the connection with earth at d is interrupted.
The armature CC' of the relay R' p 1 therefore remains against the rest
contact, and the circuit 0-W remains closed at k. If now the distant station
of the circuit N sends a line current which finds its way to earth through n n',
the armature of the relay R' p 1 effects the local closing (i) of the battery B' of
relay Rp 2; the spring i, yielding to the pressure moves away from k, whereby
the line circuit 0-W will be interrupted. The armature of the relay Rp 2
remains against the rest contact, so that no disturbing current can enter the
circuit N, and the earth connection at d is also maintained, because the local
current (i) is closed before the line current O-W is interrupted.
If the current ceases in circuit N, the armature C C¹ moves back to contact l
the spring i remaining so long against the contact until it has reached the
projection and so closes the circuit 0-W; it then leaves contact whereby
the local current (i) is opened.
A current passes continuously through the coils of the relay Rp 2 during the
time that the circuit N is operating, because the closing of the local current always
precedes the opening of the line current and the closing of the line current precedes
the opening of the local current, consequently the armaturen is always
attracted and remains against the contact d, thus maintaining on the one hand
the connection with earth, and on the other hand preventing the entrance of a
disturbing current into the circuit N.

page_text: In place of the relays may be employed writing instruments having the above
described contrivances, so that they have in addition to the function of writing,
the function of transmitting the currents. The system of transmission with the
circuit N is separated from the circuit 0-W, if at the commutators Us and U¹
the stopper is moved from hole 1 to hole 2. If a station on circuit N calls, the
system of transmission signals.
°
The circuit N is put in connection with the writing instrument S₁, and the two
relays are cut out, if in the commutator U' and key T, the stopper is moved from
hole 1 to hole 2. N is in this case quite independent.
In place of the relays may be employed writing instruments having the above
described contrivances, so that they have in addition to the function of writing,
the function of transmitting the currents. The system of transmission with the
circuit N is separated from the circuit O-W, if at the commutators US and U¹
the stopper is moved from hole 1 to hole 2. If a station on circuit N calls, the
system of transmission signals.
The circuit N is put in connection with the writing instrument S¹, and the two
relays are cut out, if in the commutator U₁ and key T¹, the stopper is moved from
hole 1 to hole 2. N is in this case quite independent.
II. ARRANGEMENT WITH A POLARIZED AND A MORSE RELAY.
The polarized relay Rp 1, Fig. 3, which is introduced in the working current
circuit, is identical with the relay R' described in the before mentioned prior
specification.
The Morse relay R m 2 which is introduced in the line current circuit, is
provided with an insulated metal plate m on the armature lever, in a similar
manner to the relay Rp 2 before described; also, the lateral connection of the
conducting wire through c¹ h¹ g¹ is, with the addition of an insulated post ',
similar to the connection c¹ h¹ g¹ of relay Rp 2.
The other apparatus and connections are the same as described in N° I. The
courses of the currents and the mode of action are also the same.
In this case also resistances are not employed, thus reducing the strength of
battery necessary for the circuit N.
This combination of a polarized relay with a Morse relay is particularly suitable
for the lateral connection of a working current circuit of considerable length, in
which the polarized relay is introduced, with a line current circuit of moderate
length, in which the Morse relay is introduced, and which is here sufficient for the
requirements. On the other haud the costs of construction and working are less
than with a polarized relay.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
I claim in reference to polarized relays for the purpose of establishing lateral
circuits with single wires at any point and on either side of a main circuit without
the use of resistances:
1. In a relay apparatus R' p 1 Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, the
use of the contact pin on the right hand side of the armature CC which, on
pressing against the spring i, first closes the local current i, and then on moving
the spring i away from the contact k, interrupts the line current O-W.
2. In relay apparatus R' p 1; the use of the metal piece y passing round and
attached to the right hand contact post and extended in both directions, the front
extension being bent into hook shape and having a projection or screw k which
limits the motion of the spring i and at the same time leads the current coming
from O through i to ya W, in order to effect in combination with the spring i the
opening and closing of the line current O-W, while the back extension carries
the upright metal piece Z to which the spring is adjustably attached.
8. In relay apparatus R'p 1: the use of the steel spring i connected in an
insulated manner to the piece z and bearing in its rest position against the pro-
jection of the hook so as to form a contact, and close the circuit O--W.
4. In relay apparatus R¹p 1: the use of the screw L with insulated point j
against which the spring & bears when pressed upon, and whereby the motion of
the spring can be regulated.
i
5. In relay apparatus R'p 1: the use of the lateral connection ch gs to the
spring i.
6. In a relay apparatus such as Rp 2 Fig. 1 the use of the metal plate m fixed
in an insulated manner on the right hand contact surface of the armature n n²,

page_text: which serves to receive the current arriving from the contact & and passing to
the circuit N, and to lead the same directly over g¹ h¹ c' to the circuit N without
passing through relay R' p 1.
7. In relay apparatus Rp 2 the use of the lateral connection o¹ h¹g' to the
metal plate m.
8. The combination of apparatus herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2
and 3 of the drawings whereby first the closing of the local current i and then
the opening of the line current i k, or vice versa, is effected by means of the
relay R¹ p 1.
9. The combination of apparatus herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2
and 3, wherein by means of the relay Rp 2 or R m 2 a double circuit is formed,
the current passing to N, on the one hand, being sent into the circuit N without
passing through relay R¹ p 1 or Rp 1, and on the other hand the current passing
from N being led through the relay R' p 1 or Rp 1 and through armature n n¹
and contact d to earth.