Improvements relating to the Casting of Metal Articles and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895
:
[Communicated from abroad by DOMINIQUE LEONARD VAN RIET, of 22, Rue
de la Broyère, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Founder.]
Improvements relating to the Casting of Metal Articles and to
Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the casting of metal articles and to apparatus therefor.
The apparatus constructed according to the said invention for casting articles of
any metal, such as iron, steel, copper, bronze or the like, is designed to completely
obviate the production of blisters, which have heretofore given rise to a considerable
waste in foundries.
When articles are cast in a moulding box the molten metal carries with it a
larger or smaller proportion of dust, scum and other impurities coming from the
crucible and often also from the tap hole. The impurities arrive in the mould and,
not being able to escape, produce blisters.
Such blisters always exist at the surface of the cast articles to a certain varying
depth; they are generally noticed only during the planing or turning, and as the
whole blistered thickness must necessarily be removed, a great waste is occasioned.
By the present invention the dust, scum and the like are eliminated before the
molten metal passes into the moulding box, so that the articles will be cast of
perfectly purified metal and will be absolutely sound and have no blisters.
The improved apparatus consists of a special mould represented in horizontal
section comprising a certain number of purifying pockets or reservoirs of cylindrical,
conical or spherical shape and of variable dimensions.
These pockets may either be formed in a special moulding box or they may
constitute an open mould. In the first case each pocket has at the top an air hole
while in the second case, all the pockets being open at the upper part, the air holes
may be dispensed with. This mould is made of metal lined with clay or graphite,
but it may also consist of graphite or other suitable material.
The successive pockets communicating with each other are arranged so that the
molten metal which passes into them at a comparatively great velocity receives a
gyratory movement during which all the impurities contained in the metal gather
at the upper part of the pockets.
These pockets are connected with each other by small channels situated at the
lower part of the pockets where the metal is purer; they form tangents to these
pockets so as to impart to the molten metal, at the moment it enters each pocket, a
rapid gyratory movement, during which all the impurities carried away by the
molten inetal and which are much lighter than the latter will collect at the upper
part of the metallic bath.
In practice three pockets are generally used, but this number may be increased
if deemed expedient. The first pocket, the upper part of which may be widened
for facilitating the introduction of the molten metal, is generally larger than the
following. Into this first pocket the molten metal is poured, which then passes to
the second pocket through a channel; it arrives in the second pocket tangentially
to the circumference of the latter and in virtue of the velocity at which it flows it

page_text: rapidly whirls or gyrates in this pocket and is purified. From this second pocket
the molten metal passes into a second channel in order to arrive tangentially in the
third pocket wherein it whirls or gyrates in the opposite direction, being freed
further from any impurities which it may still contain, while the clean metal passes
into the moulding box.
These purifying pockets are removable; they are transported from one moulding
box to the next so that a single set of three or more pockets may be used for a
whole series of moulding boxes.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to the Casting of Metal Articles and to
Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the casting of metal articles and to apparatus therefor.
The apparatus constructed according to my said invention for casting articles of
any metal, such as iron, steel, copper, bronze or the like, is designed to completely
obviate the production of blisters, which have heretofore given rise to a cousiderable
waste in foundries.
When articles are cast in a moulding box the molten metal carries with it a
larger or smaller proportion of dust, scum and other impurities coming from the
crucible and often also from the tap hole. These impurities arrive in the mould,
and, not being able to escape, produce blisters.
Such blisters always exist at the surface of the cast articles to a certain variable
depth; they are generally noticed only during the planing or turning, and as the
whole blistered thickness must necessarily be removed, a great waste is occasioned.
By the present invention the dust, scum and the like are eliminated before the
molten metal passes into the moulding box, so that the articles will be cast of
perfectly purified metal and will be absolutely sound and have no blisters.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the improved apparatus and
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same.
The apparatus comprises a mould having a certain number of purifying pockets
or reservoirs a, a, a of cylindrical, conical or spherical shape and of variable
dimensions.
These pockets may either be formed in a spherical moulding box or they may
constitute an open mould. In the first case each pocket has at the top an air hole,
while in the second case, all the pockets being open at the upper part, the air holes
may be dispensed with. This mould is made of metal lined with clay or graphite,
but it may also consist of graphite or other suitable material.
The successive pockets communicating with each other are arranged so that the
molten metal which passes into them at a comparatively great velocity receives a
gyratory movement during which all the impurities contained in the metal gather
at the upper part of the pockets.
These pockets are connected with each other by small channels 6 b¹ situated at
the lower part of the pockets where the metal is purer; they form tangents to

page_text: these pockets so as to impart to the molten metal, at the moment it enters each
pocket, a rapid gyratory movement, during which all the impurities carried away
hy the molten metal and which are much lighter than the latter will collect at the
upper part of the metallic bath.
In practice three pockets are generally used, but this rubber may be increased if
leemed expedient. The first pocket a, the upper part of which may be widened
for facilitating the introduction of the molten metal, is generally larger than the
following. Into this first pocket the molten metal is poured, which then passes to
the pocket al through the-channel b;-it-arrives in the pocket a tangentially_to_the
circumference of the latter and in virtue of the velocity at which it flows it rapidly
whirls or gyrates in this pocket a¹ and is purified. From this second pocket the
molten metal passes into the channel in order to arrive tangentially in the
packet a" wherein it whirls or gyrates in the opposite direction, being freed further
from. any impurities which it may still contain, while the clean metal passes into the
moulding box.
This open mould is placed upon a cast iron plate m, similar in shape to the
horizontal section of the mould and having around it a projecting ledge n the said
plate m being provided with a hole o coincident with the smallest pocket a".
This plate
m is first placed upon the moulding box, the hole o coincident with
the tap hole of the latter; the special mould containing the pockets is then placed
upon the said plate m and they are secured together by means of clay or other
suitable material. The molten metal is then poured into the first pocket a, and
runs into the moulding box after having passed through the channels b b¹ and the
purifying pockets a' a".
These purifying pockets are removable; they are transported from one moulding
box to the next so that a single set of three or more pockets may be used for a
whole series of moulding boxes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :---
First. The process of casting metal articles, which consists in pouring the
molten metal into a purifying pocket followed by several others, in which the
metal whirls or gyrates and is purified, the dust, scum and other impurities which
are lighter than the metal remaining at the upper part while the purified metal
alone passes into the moulding-box, substantially as herein described.
Second. For purifying molten metal for casting articles, a moulding box com-
prising three or more purifying pockets communicating with each other through
channels placed at alternate sides of the pockets and leaving the lower part of one
pocket in order to terminate tangentially at the circumference of the following
pocket, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and represented in the
drawing.
Third. In combination with the purifying pockets set forth in the second claim,
a bordered plate sustaining the said pockets, and having a hole coincident with the
smallest pocket a", and with the top hole of the moulding box, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 20th day of December 1094.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.