Improvements in and Connected with Calculating Machines.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with Calculating Machines.
A communication from abroad by THE AMERICAN ARITHMOMETER COMPANY, Incor-
porated, of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, United States of America.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in what are known as mechanical calculators,
and the invention consists of a calculating machine which may be made in different
forms as will be hereinafter fully set forth but which embodies in each of its forms the
following devices :
First. A key-board" supporting a series of keys, there being nine keys in each
series.
Second. One or more indicators to which the term "register" is applied when the
said indicators serve to make a visual record of the numbers, and to which the term
"recorder" is applied when the numbers registered are printed from the register.
Third. A series of "stops" in connection with each series of keys, each stop being
adjusted by the movement of one of the keys of its series. Each series of stops as a
whole is designated by the term "regulator."
Fourth. Mechanism arranged beneath each series of stops and one of the indicators,
(whether in the form of a register or recorder,) whereby the said indicator is moved
to an extent according to the adjustment of one of the stops. This intermediate
mechanism between the regulator and the indicator is generally in the form of a lever
carrying one or more racks, and is termed the "rack lever."
2
"
Fifth. With each rack lever between the regulator and the indicator is employed
motor in the form of a spring which serves to impart a limited movement to
the said levers in the act of "carrying" in performing additions.
Sixth. Dovices for supporting the rack levers in their normal position. These
are termed "retainers."
Seventh. Devices for limiting the movement of the rack lovers until they are to
be operated by the spring motors. These are termed "detents."
These devices may be embodied in apparatus of different forms, several of which
will be hereinafter described.
Figs. 1 to 12 illustrate one form of mechanical calculator having a fixed key

page_text: board, and two sets of register wheels adjacent to each other, and, in addition, a
set of recorder wheels..
Figs. 13 to 28 illustrate à machine having a fixed key board and a single set
of register wheels, in connection with devices for mechanically performing the
operations effecting all mathematical calculations.
Figs. 29 to 40 illustrate a machine having a fixed key board, and a single set of
recorder wheels, and an independent set of carrying pinions, capable of being used
as a register.
Figs. 41 to 57 illustrate a mechanical calculator, in which the key board is movable,
provided with a single set of recorder wheels, and with a set of carrier pinions, and
with a driver and treadle for operating the same.
Figs. 58 to 63 represent a device for winding the ribbon of the recorder, for use
with the mechanical calculator or any analogous machines.
The machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 12 will now be described.
In said figures
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an apparatus embodying the
invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus in part section.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal elevation in part section.
Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional elevation.
Fig. 5 is a detail view showing the rack lever connections between the keys and
the registers, with the exception of the regulators.
Fig. 6 is a detail view of the printing register and its immediate connections.
Fig. 7 is a detached view showing the connections between two of the shafts.
Fig. 8 is a view showing a modified form of registering operating device.
Fig. 9 is a view illustrating a mode of operating with a series of registers.
Fig. 10 illustrates a modification of the regulating devices.
Fig. 11 is a detail of the regulator, and
Fig. 12 is a cross section on the line 1-2, Fig. 1.
The register A consists of a series of movable numbered pieces as plates, discs,
wheels or segments a, which indicate by their position the sum added at each
operation of the machine. Each disc revolves freely upon a shaft a¹, and has upon
its periphery a series of figures from 0 to 9, but it may be a plate or sector suitably
supported and graduated in the same manner as the disc.
Each wheel derives its movement from the operation of a series of nine keys A',
of any suitable construction marked separately with a series of numbers from 1 to 9,
and between the wheel and each key, and governed by the latter intervene a series
of devices which are shown as rack levers but may be of any suitable construction
to transmit the motion of the key to the indicator, and regulate the adjustment of
the latter, and which are included under the general terms of "connections" and
"rack lever connections."
The register, the keys and lever connections and other parts hereinafter referred to
are supported in a suitable frame, having side pieces A², A³, and connecting bars,
which latter also serve as supports for the intervening mechanism, and the frame
supports a key board A provided with recessed nipples through which slide the
shanks a² of the keys A', a spiral spring a³ tending to keep each key in its elevated
position, and a lip at the bottom of the key striking a detachable sirip m which bears
against a flat side of the key and prevents the turning thereof, limits its movement
and facilitates its ready detachment when necessary.
The series of keys which operate in connection with each register wheel is arranged
upon a line parallel to the sides of the frame, and a lever B supported by a transverse
shaft a when released by the action of any one of a series of keys operates auto-
matically the indicator pertaining to that series.
Each lever B consists of an arm and a part at the edge of which is a rack e, the
parts of all the levers being parallel to each other and in close proximity and the
arms diverging from the fulcrum a' so that the front end of each arm will be below
the front key of one of the series.

page_text: Each rack e engages with a pinion e' at the side of one of the wheels and the
movement of the lever is so limited that the wheel will be turned nine-tenths of a
revolution at each full movement of the lever, a perforated plate or gauge A³ serving
as an index to expose or designate the figure indicating the number added.
It is necessary that the wheel be moved as each key is depressed to an extent
proportioned to the position of the key and the number indicated upon the latter, and
in order to effect this without varying the movements of the keys, or the power
applied to operate the latter, a "regulator "is arranged between each series of keys
and the lever operated thereby.
The armis may be weighted so as to normally fall to their lowest position when
released, or a more positivo action is secured by means of motors as springs a
connected to a cross bar a1 of the frame and to the heads of the levers so as to lift the
latter.
The regulators are so constructed that when a key is depressed the lever will be
released and will then fall to an extent corresponding to the position of the operating
key, which therefore instead of acting directly upon the lever operates the latter
intermediately through said regulators, so that the key may recover its position at
once after being struck.
In the construction shown the regulator connected with each series of keys
consists of a movable stop operated by the key which limits when it is adjusted,
the descent of the arm of the lever. A lock or retainer normally holds each
lover in its highest position.
The retainer as shown consists of a shouldered strip 2 pivoted to the end of each
arm, and limited in its rear movement by stop 63, and carrying a lug . Adjacent
to each retainer 62, a fixed plate c, (Figures 1 and 11,) is secured to the key board
and pendent therefrom, and provided with a notch a near its upper end into which
the lug enters as the arm is brought to its highest position and the retainer 62
falls forward. This forward movement of the retainer is insured by the contact
of a spring projection extending from the retainer 63 with a stationary cross bar b³
supported by the sides of the frame.
In the outer edge of the plate c is a series of a notches x corresponding in number
to the keys of the series and through each notch extends the bent end d' of a rod d,
which is connected to the lower arm of a crank lever ², one of which is pivoted to
a lug under the key board beneath each key, and has its other end or arm projecting
below the end of the key. The bent ends of the rods d constitute the stops. When
one of the keys, (say the key 5, Fig. 1) is depressed, the rod d of the lever & below
said key will be drawn in the direction of its arrow, and the end d bearing upon
edge of the retainer will carry the latter inward until the pin is carried out of
the notch, when the action of the spring as will cause the arm b₁ and retainer 62 to
fall until a lip 2 at the upper end of the retainer strikes the bent end d¹ of the rod d,
which acts as a stop limiting the further movement of the lever downward.
the
As the inward movement of each stop end d carries the retainer & inward, the
lip 2 of the strip will escape contact with all of the stops above the one which has
been so set by the movement of the key, so that the said stop only will be struck
by the lip and as the stops beginning at the top are connected with the keys in
the order in which the latter are numbered, the movement of the lever will be
greater in proportion as the stop operated is lower down and the movement of the
register wheel will be proportionately increased. As in other registering devices
it becomes necessary when the number added exceeds the highest number upon the
wheel operated, to also adjust the adjacent wheel accordingly. Thus if one of the
wheels is set to display the figure 8 and the number 5, or any number greater than 1
is to be added and indicated, the said wheel must be turned until it exhibits the
figure 3, while the adjacent wheel must also be turned to disclose the figure 1, the
sum of the two numbers being 13 which requires the adjustment of two wheels to
show it.
To effect the turning of the second wheel without operating two keys, the con-
nections between each wheel and its key are constructed so that a portion of cach

page_text: connection geared with the wheel is capable of a slight movement independently of
the other parts of the connection; these two parts are locked together so that
ordinarily they will operate as one, and provide means whereby the movable part
is unlocked and moved to turn the wheel the extent of one figure whenever the
adjacent wheel is brought to a position to necessitate such movement. Thus, the head
of each lever B consists of the arm or portion ba connected rigidly to the arm bl,
and the rack portion 6 pivoted at 4 to the arm be, and a spring c¹ is connected to
the two parts b, ba, so as to tend to separate them, and a lever B₁ is pivoted to
the part and is provided with a pin 5 which enters an L shaped slot 6 in the
part b, and holds the latter in proximity to the part be until the lever is swung in
the direction of its arrow (Figures 1 and 5) when the pin will enter the vertical
portion of the slot and permit the portion b to rise under the action of the spring c¹,
and thereby turn the wheel to which said portion is geared one-tenth of a
revolution in the direction of its arrow.
The lover B is moved to unlock the part b by a pin a projecting from the side of
the wheel next to that to which the part 6 is geared, which pin as the figure 0 is
brought towards the index plate A' strikes a projections on a lever B pivoted
to a cross bar a', and swings it so as to bear against the end of the lever B, and
carry the latter with it to unlock the part b which will then rise under the action
of its spring c and turn the wheel next adjacent to that wheel whose pin acted
upon the lever B³. All the wheels are operated by the movement of the respective
keys in the manner above described, and after a series of keys has been struck to
register one of the numbers to be added together, it becomes necessary to bring the
parts to their normal positions so as to permit any additional number to be added.
inasmuch as after a lever B has been adjusted by the action of one key, its head
must be depressed before it can respond to the action of another key. Thus, if the
number 72842 is to be added all the parts 6 are depressed to bring the parts to an
operative position, and the keys 7, 2, 8, 4, 2 in the series 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, are successively
struck, thereby releasing the corresponding levers which move to different degrees
according to the positions of the keys and the positions to which the stops d are
set, and the wheels show by the figures visible through the index plate A³, an increase
corresponding to the sum added. If now the sum 234 is to be added, the parts b of
the levers are all again depressed to restore the parts to position, so that when the
keys 2, 3, 4, in the series 2, 3, 1, are struck, the corresponding levers can move oach
to an extent necessary to insure the required adjustment of the wheel and the
exhibition of figures indicating an increase of 234.
The adjustment of the levers is effected by pressure upon the upper sides or edges
of the parts which has the effect of moving such of the latter as have been
separated from the portions be into contact therewith, when they will be locked in
place by the arms B falling back and carrying the pins 5 into the horizontal portions
of the slots, the combined movement will then carry down all the parts until the
armis are all elevated to their highest positions.
As the depression of the parts while in gear with the pinions e¹ would turn back
the wheels, means are provided for throwing the parts and pinions out of gear
prior to any downward movement of the parts b. One means of effecting this is
shown and consists in journaling the shaft a' in a swinging frame Aº, pivoted upon
the cross bar a and in swinging the frame back to throw the pinions and racks out
of gear prior to the descent of the parts b.
One means of effecting this adjustment is shown and consists of a frame C carried
by the shaft a', Fig. 4, and consisting of side pieces c², c³, and a cross bar c³, each
side piece having near its lower edge an inclined slot 2, (Figs. 1 and 3.) adapted
to receive the cross bar sliding in slots in the side pieces of the main frame, when
the frame is raised the inclined edge of the slot serving to thrust the bar a³ back in
the direction of the arrow as the said frame begins to swing downward, which back-
ward motion of the cross bar as will be effected before the cross bar is brought in
contact with the upper edges of the racks.
The frame is operated by a hand lever which is connected to operate the

page_text: shaft a as described hereinafter, and when the end of the lover which is towards the
operator is depressed the frame C will be swung downward and will force out the cross
bar as with the frame A° and the register wheels until the pinions e' are free from gear with
the racks and the edges of the frame will then remain in contact with the cross a³ and
hold it in position, the cross bar c being then brought against the upper edges of
parts & and depressing the latter. After the levers B are brought to their normal
position the hand lever C is released, when it will rise and the frame C will swing
upward and the cross bar as will enter the slots and the pinions will be brought
into gear with the racks as the frame C reaches the limit of its upward movement.
To permit the return movement of the cross bar as the ends thereof enter slots .² in
the side pieces of the frame, and an arm a projecting from the cross bar as is
slotted to receive a pin on one of the side pieces which prevents the turning of the
cross bar as it slides back and forth. To prevent objectionable shocks and jars in
bringing the cross bar e against the segments, springs c are placed upon the parts b
so as to be struck by the cross bar..
It will be seen that by the construction above described each wheel is operated upon
the depression of any one of the keys of a single series, and that it has the effect when
turned beyond a complete revolution, of moving the adjacent indicator one step; that
all the keys have the same extent of movement and are operated by the same amount
of pressure, but that while the movements of the keys are the same, the extent of the
movement of the connections between the keys of each series and each wheel will
vary according to the position of the key which is operated with a corresponding
variation in the motion of the wheel.
It will be apparent that these effects may be secured by the use of keys and inter-
mediate connections differing to some extent from those described. For instance, cach
series of keys may operate upon a shaft suitably geared with the corresponding wheel
instead of through the medium of a rocking lever. The register may of course be of
any usual or suitable character. The wheels may be differently connected as is common
in registering devices, so that each will be moved one step as the adjacent wheel
completes its entire movement, in which case the rack must be thrown out of gear
with the second wheel until the latter has moved one step. Instead of withdrawing
the register from engagement with the racks the latter may be slotted to slide on the
shaft 4, so as to be withdrawn from the register as shown in Fig. 5, dotted lines, or
the register and the rack may be kept in constant connection, each pinion having a
ratchet connection with the wheel so as to turn the latter when the rack is raised, but
It will be obvious
to revolve independently of the wheel when the rack descends.
that any suitable locking mechanism may be employed for connecting the rack
portion of the part with its support, so as to permit a limited independent movement
of the rack, and that such locking mechanism may be actuated from the wheels in a
different manner from that described. Thus the rack e may be guided to slide upon
the head as shown in Fig. 8 and be moved thereon to a limited extent by
straightening or bending the toggle levers f, which may be effected by a bringing
roller to bear against the same in one direction, and by a spring f forcing them
in the opposite direction, the roller being carried by levers operated in like manner
as the levers B2 or in any other suitable manner.
al
Different forms of regulating devices may be employed for determining the extent
of the movement of the connections according to the key operated, thus the keys may
be connected to operate arms B, Fig. 10, with shoulders arranged to hold the
arms of the levers B in their elevated position until the arms B2 are swung forward.
Instead of restoring the levers B to their position by means of the cross bar 3 bearing
upon the levers they may be moved by a cross bar ca extending beneath the armis
as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, or in any other suitable manner.
In some kinds of calculations it is necessary to indicate the sums of two or more
series of numbers indicating articles or money. For instance in a bank it is some-
times necessary to ascertain the aggregate amount of a series of cheques and also
the amount of money represented by notes or coin and pertaining to the same
transaction. In order to permit this to be done with facility in calculations relating

page_text: to decimal coinage two or more registering devices are used in connection with
one set of keys and intermediate mechanism and means whereby either register
may be thrown into operative connection with the keys. Thus the second register A
is hung to the same frame A' that carries the first register A and this frame is
vibrated so as to bring the pinions of either register into gear with the racks e.
This vibration is effected by means of a key A8 actuating a crank lever box con-
nected by a rod with an arm 8 upon the shaft a³. The upper register is held
in connection with the keys while the sum of the cheques is being taken, and after
this is done the key A8 is depressed and the lower register will bo swung into gear,
and the amount of cash is registered thercon, and if additional cash or cheques aro
then received the additional amounts may be added upon either register by swinging
it into operative connection with the key and without any alteration of the other
register.
Where as in custom houses and other places it is necessary to indicate the value or
number of a series of different articles, a series of. registers may be employed to be
operated from the same series of keys. One mode of arranging the registers in such
case is shown in Fig. 9 which shows five registers carried by an armed framo,
revolving upon or with the shaft a and capable of being turned so that either register
may be brought at will in operation with the connecting devices between the register
and the keys. When two registers are arranged one above the other so that either
may be brought into connection with the racks, the latter are necessarily longer than
would be required if the arrangement shown in Fig. 9, or if but one registering
device is used. When the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 7 is employed the slot in
the arm which receives the pin 6, is widened as shown in Fig. 1 so as to permit
the swinging of the arm a required by the vibration of the shaft a.
As it is necessary that each wheel of the lower register shall upon the completion
of its revolution move the succeeding indicator one step as in the upper register, the
levers B² or projections & thereof are extended so as to be struck by the pins aⓇ of the
lower wheels to unlock the racks in the same manner as they are unlocked by the upper
wheels when the upper register is in use and with like effect. The movement of the
frame C is effected from the handle C by connecting the latter to a sleeve b³ receiving
and turning upon the shaft a* and carrying a slotted arm co, receiving a pin upon the
end of an arm c, extending from the shaft a³ and a spring c² secured to
frame is coiled around the hub of the sleeve and secured thereto at the end, and
serves to turn the sleeve in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 7, the sleeve being
turned in a reverse direction to depress the frame C whenever the handle is
depressed.
It is frequently desirable to secure a permanent indication of the sum shown upon
the register, but this cannot always be well done without so covering the register as
to prevent the figures upon the laiter from being soen. In order to secure a visible
representation as well as a permanent indication of the number registered, recording
devices are used in addition to the registering devices described, the register arranged
so as to be readily inspected and the recorder constructed and combined with means
whereby to also print the numbers registered upon a strip of paper. Thus the second
registor A may be the recorder and may be combined with gears throwing it into
connection with the register A, and with an inked ribbon and platen whereby the
row of figures in line upon the lower register may be transferred to the paper while
those on the upper register are exposed. Instead of using the register A it is best
to use an independent recorder B preferably arranged beneath the shaft at and above
a platen B upon the base plate of the machine. When this arrangement is employed
the shaft of the recorder B is carried by a frame B6 hung to studs e upon the side
frames of the machine, and combined with devices whereby the said frame may be
raised to bring the recorder in connection with the devices for operating if from the
keys, and lowered to bring the lower row of type or figures against the paper upon
the platen.
The adjustment of the wheels of the recorder is effected by connections precisely
similar to those employed for adjusting the upper register, each lever B carrying a

page_text: second head with a rack e" which gears with the corresponding pinion of the adjacent
wheel of the recorder and operates the same in the same manner as has been described
in connection with the register A. In the duplicate operating device the movable
section of the head is provided with an shaped slot a to receive a pin upon a
locking arm B operating in the same manner as the locking levers B₁, and operated
from the pins all on the wheels through the medium of levers B' each of which is
hung to a cross bar c on the frame, and as a pin all is brought beneath its inclined
lower edge the lever is raised, strikes the end of the locking lever B" and thereby
releases the adjacent segment to permit it to swing out under the action of a spring ch
to move the adjacent wheel one step.
The frame B may be depressed to bring the recorder in contact with the platen by
means of the arm 31, dotted lines, Fig. 2, extending from the frame and adapted to
be operated directly by hand, the frame being raised by a spring n, or otherwise; it
is best however to employ devices operating more positively, and consisting, as shown,
of toggle lovers d³, d, the former secured to the shaft a, and the latter jointed to tho
levers, and also to the frame B, as shown, so that by depressing a handle or
arm B on the shaft a to rock the latter in one direction, the frame B will be carried
downward and the recorder will be brought against an inked ribbon e, while the
spring n lifts the frame when pressure upon the arm B is removed. The inked
ribbon is carried by rollers c, cio, the latter provided with a ratchet with which a
pawl upon the frame B³ engages so as to move the ribbon slightly at each move-
ment of the frame.
As in the devices operating with the register A it is necessary to restore the
movable racks to their position after each operation upon the keys, and this is effected
by means of a cross bar d carried by arms d of the frame Cand brought against
springs at the edges of the racks of the recorder as the cross bar c³ is brought against
It is of course necessary to
the corresponding parts operating the register A.
throw the pinions of the recorder B³ out of gear with the racks e" before each
readjustment of the levers B. This is effected at the same time that a like operation
is effected with the register A, by means of an arm D, (Fig. 3) connected to the
shaft a³, having a cam end f which bears upon a grooved wheel f' upon the cross
bar c of the frame 13, and when the frame is depressed the cam end of the arm
forces downward the end of the frame B to carry the pinions from gear with the racks.
It is generally desirable that the recorder shall be restored with all the wheels at zero
after any number has been registered and printed, in order that it may be in position
to be properly reset to indicate any number to be subsequently registered and printed,
although the register A may indicate the sum of both numbers, and to secure this
result each indicator is combined with a rack bar B sliding in bearings do, do, upon
the frame B and each gearing with the pinion of one of the wheels, and a spring e²
upon a cross bar e³ is arranged to be brought to bear upon a pin or bearing e* upon
each rack bar BB so as to throw it inward to bring the pin a" of the adjacent wheel
against a shoulder y³ of one of the levers B', when the sign "0" will be the lower-
most sign upon the wheel.
When the wheels of the recorder are to be operated from the keys they should be
left perfectly free to turn without resistance, and the shaft which carries the
springs is therefore hung in the frame B so as to swing freely, and each spring e
When
will swing forward without resistance as the rack bar B is moved forward.
the wheels are to be restored to position the shaft is turned in the direction of
its arrow, Figs. 1 and 6, so as to cause the springs e² to bear against the pins e¹,
when each bar B8 will be moved until the wheel connected therewith is brought
to the zero position, the extent of the movement of course depending upon the
extent to which the wheel has been previously turned from such position. The
movement of the shaft e requisite to bring the springs to bear upon the pins e
results from the swinging by hand of a crank lever B pivoted upon a shaft ƒ³
carried by the frame B and one arm of which lever bears upon a pin
projecting from an arm e upon the shaft, the long arm f° of the lever extending
downward and forward and in conjunction with a similar arm at the opposite side
a

page_text: carrying a cross bar e'. A spring f (Fig. 6, dotted lines,) coiled upon the shaft f
tends to raise slightly the lower end of the arm f and a lug es at the end
of said arm is arranged to engage with shoulders y', y, upon an arm E pivoted
to one of the side frames of the machine and swinging freely upon its pivot. Arms
projecting from the shaft e carry a cross bar e upon which the springs e boar,
and which when carried from the springs by the rocking of the shaft in the
direction of the arrow, permits the springs to move independently in acting
upon the rack bars B. When the frame B is depressed to effect the printing, the
luge is carried beneath the shoulder y' of the lever E, and when the frame B again
rises the lever B will be retained in its position (Fig. 1,) and its arm f bearing
upon the lug e will swing the shaft in the direction of its arrow, Fig. 6. and carry
the cross bar el away from the springs e which will then move inward the bars 18
and restore the wheels to their zero positions. The parts remain in the position
described until the frame B5 is about horizontal, but as it rises higher the lever B° will
be slightly retracted and the lug will be withdrawn from the shoulder y', and the
lever B will be lifted by the action of the spring f until the lug e strikes the
shoulder (Fig. 3.) the lever B being then free from contact with the pin e,
so that the shaft es can swing freely and the springs e² will exert no action upon the
bars BB.
The cross bar e acts as an equalizing bar to bring the wheels into line and hold
them in place. As the recorder descends upon the said cross bar the latter passes
into the notches w of the wheels B³ and bearing against the inclined sides of the
latter, brings all the wheels into line and holds them in place, and as the recorder
rises, (the bar e being held in place by the action of the lever E,) the wheels pass
from the bar and are then free to turn under the action of the devices set in motion
by the keys.
It is desirable in many instances to prevent duplicate printing; that is after the
recorder has once been pressed upon the paper to prevent it from again being forced
down to make a print until a new number has been registered. To effect this an
shaped dog is hung loosely to the shaft g of the recorder so that one arm will
extend over the bar d, while the other arm is pendant and is provided with an inclined
edge » so arranged as to be struck by the cross bar e when the latter enters the
notches w.
In the platen B is an opening or notch 3, (Fig. 4,) so arranged that when the
cross bar is in the lowest notch w to its greatest dopth tho dog F will be held in
such position that its end will enter the opening and the frame B can descend
to such an extent as to effect the printing. When however the printing has been
effected and the cross bar e' is held by the action of the lever E in the position shown
in Fig. 1, the dog F will swing to such a position that its lower end will strike the
face of the platen and prevent the contact of the type with the paper if the frame is
depressed. This arrangement also prevents the battering of the type which might
result if any one or more of the wheels was turned so that the face of the type
would not be presented absolutely parallel to that of the platen.
If one of the
wheels was thus out of adjustment the cross bar e could not travel as far as the
bottoms of all of the notches w, and the dog F could not therefore be moved
by the cross bar to its full extent and consequently would not be in position to
enter the opening and would prevent the descent of the frame and the battering
of the type.
In some instances it is desirable to print the date upon each slip upon which the
number is printed. This is effected by arranging dating wheels T upon the shaft g or
otherwise supporting them on the frame B, so as to operate in connection with the
other printing wheels when the frame B' is depressed.
In Figs. 13 to 28 is illustrated a construction for the purpose of effecting the adjust-
ment of the register wheels to effect operations in addition, multiplication, subtraction,
and division, in which-
Fig. 13 is a side elevation in part section showing that portion of the machine which
is inside the outer frame.

page_text: Fig. 14 is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig. 15 is a side view showing one of the levers and its annexed segment, and the
lever operating devices.
Fig. 16 is an edge view of the lever and segment.
Fig. 17 is a plan view of the lever and segment, showing one of the stops and rod
connected therewith.
Fig. 18 is a side view showing the lever, segment, indicator, operating devices and
lock bar.
Fig. 19 is a side view illustrating devices for operating upon the segments and
indicators.
Fig. 20 is an edge view in part section of the register.
Figs. 21 and 22 are side views of one of the register wheels.
Fig. 23 is a detached view showing a hand device for throwing the register out of
connection with the racks.
Fig. 24 is an inverted plan view of the multiplier device.
Fig. 25 is an enlarged section on line 1-2, Fig. 24.
Fig. 26 is a reverse top view of Fig. 24 showing the rod H³ on which the device
slides.
Fig. 27 is a sectional view of the devices for registering the movements of the
multiplier frame.
Fig. 28 is a front view of one of the wheels of the register.
In the side frames A, A', are supported rock shafts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 16, and in slots
in the side pieces or attachments thereto lies a shaft a¹ which is drawn towards the
closed ends of the slots by means of a spring 5 at each ond. The shuft a' carries the
register consisting of a series of numbered wheels a, each having a pinion e¹ at one
side, which pinion gears with the teeth of a toothed sector rack 6 hung to the side of
a sector lever B and both swinging loosely on the shaft 1.
Between each lever B and its rack is a retainer or locking device B₁ to secure
each rack in position to move with the lever, and to release it to fall by its own
weight independently of the lever, thereby turning the adjacent wheel in the direction
of its arrow Fig. 22. The retainer consists of an arm B1 pivoted to the rack at 6,
extending between two parallel plates 7, 8, which constitute the lever B, and limited
in is vibration by two stops 9, 10, (the former on the rack b, and the latter connecting
the plates 7, 8,) and having a lip at the upper end for catching on a pin ³ of the
lever B and thereby locking the rack in position.
The extent to which the rack drops will determine the extent to which the wheel is
turned and the number presented opposite a sight plate A, and to regulate the
dropping of each rack a series of keys A2, Fig. 13, slide in the key board, and stops d'
are adjusted by the keys through the medium of levers d² and rods d. Each stop d
Fig. 17, is the bent end of the rod d, and the stops slide in slots in the parallel
plates 7, 8, and as a rod d is drawn back by depressing a key, the stop & bears
against the forward edge of the arm B₁ and swings it to carry the lip a² away from
the pin, when the rack will fall until the lip catches on the stop d¹ which has
been carried inward. There are in this machine twelve series of keys A², oach key is
raised by a spring a³, there is a register wheel a to each series of keys and the sliding
of the shaft al in the slots a serves to carry the pinions e¹ of the indicators into
and out of gear with the teeth of the racks.
The devices between each register wheel and cach key of the corresponding
series are termed the "connections," the devices which hold the racks in normal
position the "retainers," the devices actuated by the different keys to arrest each
rack after it has fallen the proper distance the "stops," and the means for restoring
all the dropped sectors simultaneously to their normal positions is termed a
restoring device," the restoring device in this caso consisting of a bar 11, carried
by arms 12, 12, swinging on the shaft 1, which bar when swung forward strikes
the fallen racks and swings them upward until the lips x² of the arms B' lock with
the pins
Each arm B', Fig. 15, has a tail piece 15 which projects beyond the edge of

page_text: the rack b, and is struck by the bar 11 so as to throw the arm B₁ forward and
force out the stop d to its first position and insure the catching of the locking
lip on the pin when the rack reaches its highest position. In this machine as
in the other it is necessary to turn each wheel representing higher values one step
when the adjacent wheel of lower value takes the last step of its revolution; and
this is done as in the other machine by means of an actuating motor operating
independently of the keys, and automatically turning each wheel one step at the
proper time whether the racks b, be down or up, and whatever may be the positions of
the other parts of the connections. The devices for effecting this are the levers B,
each of which is combined with devices for imparting to it automatically a limited
motion sufficient to turn the wheel with which it is connected one step. As the lever B
carries the rack it is necessary to drop the lever only a short distance to turn the wheel
through the medium of the rack and pinion-and each lever is held in an elevated
position by an L shaped trip arm B, Figs. 15 and 18, on the shaft 16, which arm
carries a pin 17 that engages with a long tooth 18 of the lever B, and sustains tho
latter. The lever B pertaining to each wheel must derive its motion from the next
wheel of lower value as the latter completes its revolution, that is as the figure 9 on
the said wheel is carried from the sight plate opening. This is effected by causing
each wheel of lower value as it completes its revolution to trip the arm B, so
as to carry the pin 17 away from the tooth 18, when the lever B of the next wheel of
higher value, (which is supported by said trip arm,) will drop until a shoulder a
rests on the pin 17, the downward motion of the lever and rack being just sufficient
to turn the second or wheel of higher value, one step. It will of course be
evident that different means may be used for sustaining each lever in its upper
position and for releasing it as the next wheel of lower value completes its
revolution.
When the restoring bar 11 lifts the racks b, they will rise until the pins 9 strike
the levers B, when both will rise until the teeth 18 escape the pins 17 when the
armis B will swing inward until the pins 17 are under the teeth 18, which then rest
on the pins. Each arm B is locked by means of a locking bar B' hung to the
shaft 1, Figs. 13 and 18, and having an inclined terminal edge v, adapted to
engage with a
pin on the next wheel of lower value, and an L shaped slot u
adapted to receive a pin u¹ projecting from the side of the lower branch of the
arm B.
The weight of the bar B' normally retains the pin u¹ in the vertical part of the
slotu whereby all rocking movement of the arm B is prevented, but as the next
wheel of lower value completes a revolution its pin a strikes the bevelled edge v and
lifts the locking bar until the pin u¹ is opposite the longitudinal part of the slot u,
when a spring fast to a bar 101 of the case, and bearing on a pin 102 on the arm B',
causes the armi B to swing until the pin 17 escapes from the tooth 18, permitting the
lever B to drop. It will be seen that whenever the pins a come in contact with the
bars B', the next wheels are moved a step regardless of whether the said wheels are at
the time stationary or in the act of moving from their operating sectors having already
been released. In the former case the wheel is moved one step, in the latter it is
moved an additional step.
Any other suitable device may be used for locking the arm B, thus the pin a may
strike and operate the arm directly, but it is best to use a locking device to prevent
the arms from getting displaced. It is sometimes requisite to throw out all the
arms B simultaneously by hand. This is effected by turning the shaft 16 by its
handle 35 and springs (Fig. 18) that bear on the arms B, throw them back as
soon as the lock bars B are elevated, this elevation resulting from the contact of
rigid fingers on the shaft 16 with pins e on the lock bars.
The racks may
fall by their weight or by the action of springs 19 which carry them downward.
The restoring bar 11 is swung from the rock shaft 2 through the medium of an
arm 20 and connecting link 21. And the shaft 2 is rocked from the shaft 4 through
the medium of arms 22, 23, and connecting rod 24, the shaft 4 being provided at the
end with a hand lever A', Fig. 14 for rocking it. As it is generally desirable to swing

page_text: the registers out of connection with the sectors as the latter are lifted, connections
are placed between the lever A' and the register supports for effecting this result.
For instanco the rock shaft 3, Figs. 13, 18 and 19 has arms es to each of which is
jointed a bar B³ forked at the end to receive one end of shaft al of the register, so
that when the shaft 3 is rocked in the direction of the arrow Fig. 19, the shaft a¹ will
be carried forward and the pinions of the register will be carried from gear with
the teeth of the sectors. The shaft 3 is rocked from the shaft 1 by means of a curved
shoe or cam B' extending from one of the arms 12 and engaging with a lever C' on
an arm C, carried by the shaft 3 and depressing the arm by its bevelled end
making contact with a roller 105 of the lever C and rocking the shaft 3 and
throwing out the register when the shaft 1 is rocked to restore the sectors in place.
In some instances in subtracting it is necessary to restore the sectors to place
while the register is in gear with said sectors. This is effected at such times by
moving the lever so that the cam B7 will not act thereon. Thus the lever O
swings on a pivot 27 and is held in the position shown in Fig. 19 by a spring 30.
A rod 31 connects the lever C with a hand lever 32 which when moved to tho
position shown in dotted lines by hand swings the lever C to the position also shown
in dotted lines Fig. 19, when the shaft 1 will rock without bringing the cam into
contact with the lever 07.
Each arin B swings freely on the shaft 16 to a limited extent and a bar 33 is
carried by arms 34 extending from said shaft, so that by rocking the shaft 16, the
bar 33 can be brought against all the arms to swing them simultaneously inward.
This inward movement of the bar 33 and all the arms B results automatically as
the plates B are brought to their elevated position, and as the arms B reach their
inward position the bars B drop and lock the arms B in their positions. The
levers B are vibrated automatically by the rocking of the shaft 4 an arm on which
(not shown) is connected to an armi on the shaft 16. When the shaft 4 is rocked to
restore the sectors to position the shaft 16 is thereby rocked to bring the bar 33
against the levers B. The bar 33 is then carried away from the arms B so that
the springs can act on the same to throw each out when its lock bar B' is next
raised.
The wheels a Figs. 20 and 21 have each a series of figures from 0 to 9, at equal
distances on their peripheries, and these are arranged so that by the operation of the
keys the sums of any numbers will be indicated through the openings in the sight
plate A, Fig. 21, when in its upper position. In addition to this series of figures
there is a second series of figures on each wheel from 0 to 9, but running in the
reverse direction, and these are placed alongside of, or as shown in Fig. 20, inter-
mediate with those of the first series; each wheel being moved at each step sufficiently
to expose succeeding numbers of the series then being used. In Figs. 21 and 22 the
figures indicate the relative positions of those on the peripheries. The sight plate is
capable of a limited movement so as to expose in one position the numbers on the
wheels pertaining to the adding series, and in the other position the numbers pertaining
to the subtraction series.
When it is required to perform the operation of subtraction, the wheels of the
register are all adjusted by hand to bring the signs 0 of the adding series opposite
the sight opening, the sight plate being in its upper position. The signs 0 of the
subtraction series can not in the arrangement shown be brought opposite the sight
opening when the sight plate is in either position, as the pins a by striking the
shoulders of the locking bars B' arrest the wheels only in the position with the 0 signs
of the adding series exposed. The 9 signs of the subtraction series will therefore be
seen through the sight plate when in its lowest position as shown in Fig. 21. All the
wheels of the register are now thrown out of gear with the racks by moving the shaft a¹,
when the first step of subtraction may be performed.
The minuend is first set up. In order to set up the minuend the register is first.
thrown forward to carry the pinions all out of gear with the racks, in order that the
racks may be set in position independently of the pinions. The registers are thus
moved out by drawing out the lever 35 aud rocking the shaft 16 until pins or arms

page_text: thereof (Fig. 18,) strike and swing levers 41, which vibrate on pins 107, and bear on
the shaft a', and carry it outward in the slots in the frame. As the lever 35 is moved
outward and turns the shaft 16 and lifts the rods e, the lock bars B are lifted and the
the arms B are set at liberty as then the pins u can pass into the horizontal parts u
of the slots. Each arm 13' is now moved out at the upper end by the action of the
spring until the pin 17 passes from beneath the long tooth 18, and the rack with
the lever B drops one step until the shoulder of the lever B rests on the pin 17.
The register is held in this position until the keys setting the minuend are all
struck.
Suppose it be required to subtract 113 from 228. The first figure of the minuend 228
at the right is 8, and the key 8 of the right hand or first series is struck when the
rack for actuating the first indicator will drop 8 steps without turning the wheel.
The key 2 of the second series is then struck, dropping the second rack 2 steps and
the key 2 of the third series is struck, dropping the rack of the third wheel two
steps or all the keys 2, 2, 8, of the three series are strack simultaneously with like
effect. The register is then thrown inward to bring the pinions into gear with the
racks, and the latter are all restored to their normal or upper positions by means of
the restoring mechanism, the upward movements of the racks turning the wheels
backward in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 21.
As the first rack was dropped by the action of key 8, eight steps, and as the with-
drawal of the pin 17 from the tooth 18 dropped the rack in addition 1. step, the rack
was dropped nine steps altogether, and consequently when it is turned back by
restoring the rack to place, it will turn back the wheel nine steps or points, and bring
the number 8 opposite the sight opening with the plate A in its lowest position. As
shown in Fig. 21. (The wheel is first in the position shown, the 9 sign of the
subtraction series being exposed through the sight plate, and the O sign of the addition
series in position to be shown when the plate is raised.) If the actions before
described dropped the first rack only eight points, the lifting of the rack would turn
the wheel in the direction of its arrow eight points, and would bring the figure 7 of
the subtraction series opposite the sight opening. For this reason the rack was
dropped eight points by the action of the key and one point by the action of the
arm B, so that the restoring of the rack to position turns the wheel nine steps, and
thereby brings the figure 8 of the subtraction series opposite the opening, thus
indicating the first figure of the minuend. The necessity of adding one, results from
the fact that the register when set at zero on the addition series must show 9 on the
subtraction series, which number (9) is one step less than zero, so in turning back
the wheel to exhibit any number on the subtraction scale it must be turned one step
more than that number to compensate for starting one step less than zero.
rack is dropped one step by withdrawing the pin 17, all the wheels will be
turned back one step when the racks are lifted and the figure exposed on the
wheels not actuated by the keys will be 0 the next figure after 9 on the subtraction
scale.
As each
The second key struck in setting up the minuend was key 2, dropping the second
rack two steps in addition to the step it was dropped by withdrawing the pin 17. so
that the wheel is turned back three steps as the rack rises, and the figure 2 is brought
opposite the opening. The liko effect results from striking the key 2 of the third
series of keys and the result is the exposure of the figures 2, 2, 8, as the minuend
through the sight openings of the sight plate. The minuend being thus set up, the
register wheels being in gear with the racks, the operation of subtracting the
subtrahend 113 is effected by striking the keys as in addition. Thus the key 3
corresponding with the lowest figure of the subtrahend is struck, then the key 1 of
the second series of keys, and the key 1 of the third series of keys, or all the
keys 3, 1, 1, of the three series are struck simultaneously or from left to right. The
wheel of lowest value showing the figure 8 is turned in the direction of the arrow
(Fig. 22) as the rack descends in gear with the pinion of said wheel, and as the rack
descends three steps the wheel is turned three steps, thus bringing the figure 5
opposite the opening. The next wheel showing the figure 2 is turned one step

page_text: by the descent of the rack one step on striking the key 1, and the figure 1 is
exposed, as also results with the third wheel, the result being that the number 115
is exposed, that number being the remainder after subtracting 113 from 228.
It is often necessary to remove the register from connection with the key con-
nections or register actuating devices. This is effected by means of a shaft g³,
(Figs. 14 and 23) carrying two arms which may be brought against the shaft a¹ to
carry it outward by depressing the end of an operating lever or handle g³, a spring g³
retracting the arms. When the two series of numbers on the wheels are arranged on
the peripheries side by side instead of alternately in line, the action and operation will
be the same, and the sight plate will be adjusted longitudinally instead of being
moved up and down. The two series of numbers may of course he upon separate
discs or indicators. Other means than those described may be used for imparting
to each lever B a movement sufficient to turn each wheel one step, as for instance
an eccentric on a shaft 110, and bearing on an arm 109, projecting from the lever
as shown in dotted lines Fig. 15.
At
To facilitate multiplication the device is used which will now be described.
the top of the key board is a rod or guide H³ for a sliding frame H and upon
the latter are notched guides for adjustable fingers H, corresponding in number
with the number of places or figures in the greatest sum it may be desired to
multiply. Each finger is secured to a slide 4, Figs. 24 and 26 carrying a catch or
spring 112, Fig. 25, with a pin 113 engaging frictionally with the notches in the
guides so as to hold each finger above any one of the keys according as it is
set in place. The frame H₁ carries a pivoted arm 8, Figs. 13, 24 and 26, which
bears upon a rod 3 parallel to the rod H and a spring connected to the arm
and fraine tends to hold the frame in a horizontal position, but yields to permit
it to be depressed to carry the fingers against and depross the keys A. To prevent
noise and too abrupt impact each finger is provided with a projecting buffer
block bearing against a spring, Fig. 25. Each guide is graduated or numbered
on the under side as shown in Fig. 24.
"
Either the multiplier or the multiplicand may be set up on the multiplier device.
If for instance it is desired to multiply 17496 by 834, the multiplicand being the
larger number is preferably set upon the multiplier device by putting the right hand
finger H opposite to the number 6, the next opposite the number 9, and so on, as
shown in Fig. 24. The frame is then brought to a horizontal position and slid to the
left until the right hand finger H is above the line of keys in the highest place of the
multiplicand in the notation. Thus as the highest place in the number 834 is hundreds,
"hundreds
the finger H at the right is brought above the third or
row of keys.
The frame is then depressed as many times (S) as there are units in this place. Then
it is moved to the next lowest place and again depressed as many times (3) as there
are units in this place, and then it is again moved to the lowest place and
depressed as many times (4) as there are units in this place, the restoring mechanism
being operated after each action of the frame. The result will be that the product of
834 x 17496 will be as shown as 14,591,664 through the sight opening of the plate A*
in its highest (or addition) position.
As the operator may forget the number of times he has operated the frame, a
register is used which records each operation.
This register is shown in Figs. 27 and 28, as consisting of a series of numbered
ratchet wheels R' supported on a shaft a below the key plate A' opposite holes yⓇ in
the latter, and a bell crank lever R and pawl R7 to each wheel, each pawl being
connected to the arm of the lever R and engaging with the teeth of the ratchet wheel.
A pin R extends through a hole in the key plate A and bears on the horizontal arm
of the lever Re, said pin being arranged to be struck by a stationary finger 43ª on
the frame H.
Each downward motion of the frame turns one of the wheels R one step, and this
A coiled
registers the number of strokes, which register can never exceed 9.
spring 42 secured at one end to each wheel R, and at the other end to the shaft a²
tends to turn the wheels R in the direction of the arrow and a pawl 43 secured to a

page_text: shaft 44 serves to hold each wheel after each movement, but the shaft 44 may be
rocked by a push button 45 so as to carry all the pawls 43 out of engagement with
the wheels when the springs 42 will restore them to zero, a projection 46 on the
periphery of the wheel adjacent to the zero sign striking a pin 47 on the key plate to
stop each wheel when it has been turned to exhibit the zero sign.
The multiplying device instead of operating on the keys may operate directly on
the stops d with the same effect, in which case the frame H would be arranged to
vibrate in front of the machine.
It will be obvious that the frame H may be constructed in any suitable manner to
support the movable finger H, and the latter may act on any of the moving parts
that will effect the adjustment of the discs.
The multiplying device may be combined and used with different forms of
calculators having keys, or parts capable of being operated by the fingers of the
frame, and the latter may be moved upon bearings instead of swinging on a pivot.
The operation of division may be performed with the same appliances by first setting
up the dividend in the same manner as a minuend is set up, then setting up the
divisor on the frame and oporating in the same manner as in multiplication.
In the construction shown in Figs. 29 to 40 each number struck is at once set up
on the register, and also printed, and the sum of all the numbers is printed below such
numbers as required.
In said figures
Fig. 29 is a side clevation of the machine, part of the case broken away.
Fig. 30 is a plan, a part broken away.
Fig. 31 is a sectional elevation of part of the machine showing the parts in their
normal position before beginning operations.
Fig. 32, the same as Fig. 31, the parts in position as the rack frame begins its
descent.
Fig. 33, the same, the rack frame and other parts at the limit of their lower
motion.
Fig. 34, a sectional plan view showing parts on different planes.
Fig. 35, a view showing one of the rack levers, and some of the parts connected
directly therewith.
Figs. 36 and 37 are transverse elevations of part of the machine looking in the
direction of the arrow Fig. 31, showing the parts in different positions.
Fig. 38 is a detached view of part of the register frame and cam.
Fig. 39 is a side view mainly of the printing devices.
Fig. 40 is a detached view of devices connected with the keys.
The machine as shown in the drawing is provided with two indicators, one being
a recorder 1, and the other a register H. The register H is formed by properly
numbering the cogs or teeth of a series of carrying wheels A, the numbers on each
wheel extending from 0 to 9 and these wheels turn independently of each other upon
a shaft a. As shown each wheel is toothed the figures being on the ends of the teeth.
By turning the wheels upon their shaft the different peripheral numbers may be
brought opposite the sight opening z of a sight plate X, Fig. 31, so as to indicate any
sum which may result from the automatic movement of the wheels.
The movements of each wheel requisite to bring any number opposite the sight
opening are effected as the result of the striking of a series of keys D, arranged in
line with each other upon a key board D14 supported by the frame of the machine and
numbered in succession in rows from front to rear from 1 to 9, and between each key
and the wheel operated therefrom are arranged connections" which serve to
determine the movement of the wheel when any particular key is struck, these con-
nections being of such a character that the proper wheel will be moved one step as
the result of striking the key numbered 1, two steps as the result of striking the key
numbered 2, and so on.
Each wheel A is operated directly by a curved rack b, Fig. 35, which forms part
of a rack lever B, vibrating upon a shaft C, having its hearing in the side frames C¹²,
of the machine, and the extent to which each wheel is turned will depend upon the

page_text: extent of the movement of the rack, which movement is regulated by the adjust-
ment of a series of stops, the said adjustinent being effected by the operation of the
keys D.
It is generally necessary that the wheels A shall be turned in but one direction by
the action of the racks, and means are therefore provided for throwing the racks and
wheels out of gear as the racks move in one direction and into gear prior to their
reverse movement.
This may be effected by withdrawing the racks from the wheels prior to the descent
of the racks, or by moving the wheels out of connection with the racks, which is
effected by extending the shaft a into slot bearings all in the side frames, Fig. 29,
which permits the shaft to be moved radially to and from the racks springs a² con-
nected to the side frames C, C, and to the shaft a tending to hold the wheels in gear
with the racks. Guide lips a upon side arms a³ of the register frame Fig. 31, bear
against friction rollers a¹ at the sides of the machine and prevent the rocking of the
shaft a in one direction while permitting its radial adjustment, but permit the shaft to
turn in the other direction to the position shown in Fig. 38.
With each series of keys is employed a regulator" having stops as before
described.
Thus on depressing any koy a stop is so set that the adjacent rack will move until
arrested by the said stop, and the extent of the movement which takes place after the
wheels have been drawn from connection with the rack, will determine the extent to
which the wheel will be rotated by the upward movement of the rack after the two
have been brought into gear, and the stop connected with the keys 1 is arranged to
permit the rack to descend but a single step while the stop connected with the
keys 2, 3, 4, etc. are arranged cach to permit a corresponding extent of movement
of the rack. In the drawing each stop c, Fig. 32, extends from a rod c¹ through a
slot or guide in a stop plate A' which is dependent from an upper part of the frame
of the machine, hanging in a position parallel with and close to the rack, the slots
being of such length that whenever one of the stops c is drawn to the inner end of
its slot, the said stop will be in position to be struck by a shoulder a² at the upper end
of the rack, thereby limiting its movement. Normally all the stops c are in forward
positions, and the rack can descend and the shoulder will pass all the stops until it
strikes one that has been carried inward. Each stop rod c¹ is jointed to the lower
end of a crank lover A³, Figs. 32, 35, 40, suspended from a cross bar a extending into
the side frames of the machine, and an arm a of the crank lover A2 extends beneath
the stem of one of the keys D), which stem slides freely in a vertical opening in the
key board D. The shank of each key merely rests on the lever A below, a spring
lifting each key after the finger of the operator is removed. By pressing upon any
key D. the lever A² beneath the same is swung in the direction of its arrow, Fig. 32,
and the stop c of the rod connected to said lever is thereby drawn into the end of
its slot, or guide in position to be struck by the shoulder of the adjacent rack. To
maintain the parts in any position to which they are set, a rocking spring a',
Figs. 32, 33, 40, bent to the shape of a ring passing through a hole in the upper
end of each lever A is seated in a notch as in the under side of the key plate directly
above the axis of the shaft a. By this arrangement the bearing point of the spring
upon the lever A is carried to one side or the other of the fulcrum of the lever,
and the spring compressed as the bearing points approach, tends to expand as the lever
moves to either side and to hold the lever in whichever position it may be set,
thereby also locking the stop in its position in such manner as to prevent casy
displacement.
By the above described arrangement no direct action is imparted to the racks by
the keys, which solely set the stops c in position to be struck by the shoulders, and
the racks are thrown down by positive movements of the operator who rocks the
shaft by means of the lever C to effect this result, and also to lift the racks after
the wheels A have been thrown into gear therewith. The rack levers instead of being
operated upon directly by the shaft Care moved by a rack carrier H³ in the form of
a frame having frictional or yielding connections with the levers. Thus a pin or

page_text: projection (Figs. 33 and 35) extending from the side of each rack lever is struck
by a shoulder y, upon an arm D' pivoted to a cross bar a" which is carried by two
side arms D2, each swinging upon the shaft C. The arms D are not swung directly
by the shaft C but by means of side levers E secured to the shaft and each pro-
vided with lugs 1, 3, Fig. 32, which when brought by the vibration of the lever
against the edges of the arins 1 carry the latter with the levers E, arms D) and
cross bar a constituting the rack carrying frame H³. The lugs 61, 63, are separated
to such an extent as to permit a play of the lovers E, independently of the arms D³,
for the purpose set forth hereinafter.
When the shaft (after the stops have been set is turned by the operator in the
direction of the arrow, Fig. 32, by means of the lever, the frame will first move to
throw the register out of gear, as shown in said Fig. 32, and then each shoulder y of
each arm D, Figs. 32 and 33, will be brought against the corresponding pin 2 of the
adjacent rack, Figs. 32 and 33, and the latter will be carried down until its shoulder.²
strikes the particular stop pin c which has been set inward by the action of one of the
keys, the arm D₁ however continuing its further downward movement as its
shoulder y escapes from the pin 12, as shown in Fig. 33, a spring 30 insuring the
strong frictional contact of the shoulder and pin, but yielding to permit the arm II
to swing back when the movement of the pin is arrested. The downward movement
of the levers E is also made the means of throwing the wheel A out of gear with the
racks. This results from the action of a cam edge 2, Figs. 31 and 32, on each lever E,
which edge is brought against a friction roller carried by the parts connected with
the register as arms a³ on the shaft a, the cam edge 2 forcing forward the register in
the direction of the arrow, Fig. 32, as the lever E begins its downward movement,
and the curved edge 3 of the lever maintaining the parts in their position until the
cam lever reaches the position shown in Fig. 33, when a terminal cam edge 4 will
permit the register to move back until the wheels are in gear with the rack." When
the wheels are carried forward they are maintained in relative positions by a cross
bar a supported by the frame which is received between the teeth of the wheels and
prevents them from turning. See Figs. 32 and 33.
The levers E can be raised without throwing out the wheels A, as the contact of
the cam edges 4 and the friction rollers will cause the arms a³ of the shaft a to
swing in the direction of the arrow Fig. 38, to the position shown, so that the shaft
will rock only and the wheels will remain in gear with the racks and be turned
thereby.
When the cam edges are carried above the friction rollers 6, a spring, Fig. 32,
coiled around the shaft a, and connected at one end to the side frame, and at the other
to the arm a³, will restore the latter to the position shown in Fig. 31. In this position
the contact of fingers a" on the arms a³ with bearing rollers a¹ at the ends of the
bar a will prevent the swinging of the shaft upon the subsequent downward move-
ment of the cam levers. While the stops c limit the downward movements of the
racks, other stops limit their upward movements.
These latter stops which are termed "detents" to distinguish them, may be
construed in different ways. As shown, each detent is a forked arm F, Figs. 34
and 35, pivoted at 6 to the adjacent stop plate A', as shown in Fig. 35, in which
only one detent is shown in order to better illustrate other parts. The detent makes
contact with the stud 2, Fig. 35, projecting laterally from the rack, and the rack
levers are held in this position by the upward pressure of springs carried by the
cross bar a, and the entire rack carrying frame is maintained in its highest position
by means of two detents or catches C, Fig. 32, each pivoted to one of the side frames
and having a projection c and a shoulder which engages with a pin c upon the
adjacent arm D³, and supports the frame in its elevated position. At the same time
the register is thrown forward by the action of the cam edges 2 of the cam levers,
friction rollers e carried by the cam levers E are brought against the projections cº,
upon the catches C³, and the latter are thrown off, and away from the pin 1, Fig. 32,
but the arms D2 will not drop at once, in consequence of the frictional contact of the
pivoted arms D' with the studs b.

page_text: The continued descent of the cam levers effected by the operator's turning the
shaft (, brings the lugs against the upper edges of the arms D³, Fig. 32, just as
the wheels A are thrown out of contact with the racks b, and the cam levers and
arms D with the cross bar a" and pivoted arms D¹ are then carried downward
together towards the position shown in Fig. 33. As the shoulder y of each pivoted
arm D is brought against the stud 6 of the adjacent rack, the latter if it has been
released by the action of one of the keys will be carried down until its shoulder
strikes the stop which has been set by the said key, the shoulders y slipping over
the studs 62, while the racks not released by the action of the keys, will retain their
elevated positions. Each rack is maintained normally in its elevated position by a
retainer D³, Figs. 33 and 35, consisting of a plate pivoted at c' to the frame of the
machine, carrying a pin a, which may be brought beneath a shoulder a of the
rack when the latter is in its elevated position, and each detent is provided with an
inclined edge or shoulder . Across and beneath an inclined edge of oach
retainer D extends laterally a finger ³, Figs. 34 and 35, upon the end of a rod d³
pivoted to a bar D, Fig. 34, which extends beneath the key plate and has a series
of slots, each receiving the lower end of one of the crank levers A².
When any one of the crank levers A² is vibrated by the depressing of its key, it
carries the bar in the direction of its arrow Fig. 35, and the finger ³ by its action
on the inclined edge d², vibrates the retainer D³, so as to carry the stud a⁰ thereof
from beneath the shoulder a¹ of the rack, thereby releasing the latter. The sliding
movement of the bar D₁ thus imparted by the depression of any one of the keys,
does not affect the position of the other levers A' as the slots are of such length
as to permit the backward movement of the bar independently of the levers. Each
rack has an inclined edge d³, Fig. 35, which on the upward movement of the rack
strikes the stud a¹ until the latter passes the shoulder a when the retainer will
swing outward and bring the stud beneath the shoulder a locking the rack in its
elevated position. As the racks are carried upward a vibrating arm or cam or
other device is brought to act upon each bar D, so that all the bars and their connec-
tions are restored to their normal position simultaneously. The particular means
shown for restoring the bars to their positions as the racks are clevated, consists of
a rock shaft D, Figs. 32 and 40, carrying at each end a lever with arms f1, 2, and
between the two arms f¹ extend two rods e, e¹, between which project fingers e of
all of the bars D', the space between the rods e, e', being sufficient to permit any
bar D to be moved back to its full extent without any movement of the arm f1. To
the lower end of each arm is pivoted a pawl De, Figs. 32 and 40, having a
shoulder e³, and limited in its vibration by stops e, e, and a rearwardly projecting
end of each cam lever E carries a friction stud e, which, when the cam levers.
are brought to their lowest position shown in Fig. 33, is brought opposite the
shoulder e of the pawl Dr.
When a bar D, Fig. 10, is thrown back by depressing one of the keys, its finger e³
is brought against the adjacent rod e, and when the cam levers E after being thrown
to their lowest position are carried upward, the contact of the studs with the
shoulders throws the arms outward in the direction of their arrow Fig. 40,
rocking the shaft D' and vibrating the arms f, so as to bring the rod e against all the
fingers e², and carry forward all of the bars D4, and simultaneously restore all of the
levers A to their normal position.
As the pawls D drop, the stops e on the pawls, strike the arms and arrest the
movements of the said pawls, so that the studs e pass from contact with the
shoulders when springs e, Fig. 31, connected to the frame and to the arms ƒ
restore the latter to the position shown in Figs. 31 and 32.
In order to effect what is ordinarily termed "carrying" in arithmetical calculations,
means are provided whereby whenever any one wheel completes a revolution so as to
pass the point at which the figure 9 is exposed at the sight plate, the next wheel will
be moved one step. Such wheels may be therefore termed carrying wheels. As one
means of effecting this result use is made of the before described detents F, which
temporarily limit the upward movements of the racks, and they are moved out of
0

page_text: place automatically at times to permit a slight automatic additional movement of the
racks under the power of a spring motor. For instance, when a wheel is about to
complete its revolution, carrying the figure 9 from the sight plate, the adjacent detent
is displaced so as to permit the next wheel, previously arrested by said detent to move
one step. By this arrangement and mode of operation any one or more of the
wheels is moved directly by the operator, to turn a wheel the number of steps
indicated by the key depressed by the operator, and simultaneously there is imparted
to the wheel thus moved the capacity to move an additional step under the action of
the independent motor, whereby the operation of carrying is automatically effected
simultaneously with the movements imparted directly from the operator, as in a
machine before described, wherein however the rack levers were not moved by the
motor as herein set forth.
Different means may be, employed for thus automatically transferring the motion.
It also may be effected at different times, for instance, the wheels may be turned
directly by the downward movements of the racks and each additional step required
for carrying may then be imparted by dropping the rack one step, or as in the machine
now being described, the racks may be dropped without moving the wheels, and may
be then raised each to the proper extent to impart the total movement required. In
the construction shown, the detents F which define the normal positions of the racks
are in the form of forked arms F, and the extended movement of one step of cach
rack is permitted by swinging the detent so as to bring the space or notch i, Fig. 35,
between the forks into a position above the stud b².
The swinging of each detent F in one direction as shown in full lines Fig. 35,
(namely outward) is effected by means of a spring e, Figs 32 and 35, extending
from the detent into a position to be struck by the register shaft a, when the register is
moved outward Fig. 32, and in the other direction the movement is derived from the
wheels A, as by a pin to projecting from the side of the adjacent wheel A in a
position to strike an inclined face upon the outer fork of the detent F. The
pin to is so arranged that it will strike the face ³ as the figure 9 upon the wheel
passes from opposite the sight opening, the detent F. being thus swung inward to
bring its slot above the stud 2 of the rack which operates the next wheel.
The operation of the next wheel does not necessarily ensue at once upon the
adjustment of the detent F, but when the cam levers Et are raised to their elevated
positions carrying with them the arms D³, the springs 68 are brought against the rack
levers B and compressed and the rack levers are elevated until the arms D² reach
their upper position, after which the action of the springs 68 will raise one step further
any of the rack levers that are rendered capable of this movement by the previous
adjustment of the detent F before described. The racks thus receive their move-
ments in two ways, first by the action of the operator to an extent which lifts them
to their normal positions or depresses them, and secondly, by the action of an
independent motor, which lifts to a limited further extent such of the racks
as must be moved to carry a number from one column into the next higher
column.
In the machine, shown, the rocking of the shaft C is effected by means of
the lever or handle C, Fig. 29, secured to the end of the shaft outside of the
casing G, which encloses the entire frame, and the shaft D, Fig. 33, is rocked by
a handle D7, Fig. 29, also upon the end of the shaft outside the case, when it is
necessary to rock the shaft by hand in printing the sum registered, as described
hereinafter.
Where it is desired to print the sum total of the various numbers added upon the
machine by depressing the keys indicating such numbers, the printing may be effected
directly from the faces or types of the wheels of the register H, but as the wheels
of the register H are separated to the extent required by the interposed connections,
the numbers would be separated or displayed to too great an extent upon the sheet
for convenient use, it is best therefore to employ the register H simply as a sight
register, and to use a separate printing recorder I, Fig. 39, in which the printing
wheels are arranged closely side by side, and to connect the printing wheels with

page_text: the racks controlled by the stops, through the medium of connections which converge,
see Fig. 34, from the racks to the printing wheels, thereby operating the latter
notwithstanding the limited space which they occupy. While it is not absolutely
necessary to separate the wheels of the register H to the extent shown, it is necessary
to arrange the key board over an extended space sufficient to permit the ready
manipulation of the keys in operating the instrument, and the converging connections
between the keys and the printing recorder permits this extended arrangement
of the keys, while bringing the printing wheels into a compact compass.
When the register H is necessarily employed for printing, the wheels thereof may
be brought into close proximity and the connections may diverge therefrom to the
keys. Each wheel J of the recorder I is secured to a pinion y, Fig. 32; turning with
the recorder wheel loosely upon a shaft K, and gearing with the teeth of a rack h,
constituting part of a rack lover L, which may be connected directly to or form a
part of one of the rack levers B.
The figures upon each printing wheel J correspond with those upon the wheel of
the register H with which the same rack lever is connected, and the wheels J are so
arranged and connected with their operating racks, that when one of the racks bis
dropped one point, upon depressing the key 1 of its operating series of keys, the
figure 1 upon the printing wheel J will be brought opposite the platen, and when the
rack is dropped two steps upon striking a key numbered 2, the printing wheel will
be turned to bring the figure 2 opposite the platen, and so on, each printing wheel
being brought back to a position with the figure 0, opposite the platen whenever the
racks are raised to their normal positions. By this means it is possible to print in
succession each number which is transferred to the key board. Thus if it be required
to add together the amounts 248, 1061 and 42, the parts of the machine aro all
brought to the position illustrated in Fig. 31, and the keys 2, 4, 8, upon the three
right hand series of keys, (Fig. 30.) are struck which sets three stops c in position
and swings back the three corresponding retainers D³ and release the corresponding
rack levers. The handle C is then drawn forward until the parts are in the position
shown in Fig. 33, the three rack levers released by the depression of the keys being
thus carried down until they hit their stops, to thereby turn the corresponding
wheels J of the recorder until the figures 248 are opposite the platen, and then the
paper or strip may be brought against the wheels, so as to print and record the
amount thus registered. These operations do not turn any of the wheels A as they
are thrown outward on the downward motion of the rack levers.
Upon restoring the parts to the position shown in Fig. 31, the wheels J will be
brought to zero, and the second number 1061 is registered by striking the corre-
sponding keys of the first four or right hand series, which will result in bringing the
numbers 1061 of the printing wheels opposite the platen, and which number may then
after the strip has been moved forward be printed thereon. After the parts have been
restored to position the keys 42 of the first two series are struck, and the number 42
is recorded in the same manner as the other number, and so on, thus producing a
recording strip upon which is printed in succession the various numbers which it is
desired to add together.
It will be seen that while the recorder, after each movement of the keys, is brought
to a position to record the particular number struck upon the keys and is then carried
back to zero, the sight register H after the first number is indicated, does not exhibit
the subsequent numbers struck upon the keys, but shows the sum total of the said
numbers. If it is desired to print this sum total it may be printed from the printing
wheels, by transferring the amount registered upon the carrying wheels of the sight
register H to the wheels of the printing register. This transfer is effected as
follows:-
-
The parts are first brought to the position shown in Fig. 31, with the sum total of
all the numbers added exhibited at the sight opening. All the bars D' are then
drawn back as described hereinafter to swing all the retainers D³, and carry all the
studs a from contact with the racks leaving the latter free. The shaft a is then
turned as before described, so as to remove the bearing rollers 6, Fig. 38, from the

page_text: cam edges 2, that the descent of the cam levers E shall not push the register forward,
but leave its wheels in gear with the racks. The handle C is now drawn forward
thereby carrying down all the rack levers and turning backward the wheels A.. As
the pin c of each wheel A thus revolved in a reverse direction, strikes a shoulder of
the adjacent detent F, its rotation is arrested as is also the descent of the connected
rack lever, so that the extent of the downward movement of each of the latter depends
upon the extent to which the wheel A geared therewith can be turned backward
before bringing it to zero. The number exposed at the sight opening always indicates
the number of steps between such number and zero, so that if S is the exposed number
the wheel will turn back 8 steps, and the rack will descend 8 steps before the pin
strikes the shoulder v, and the printing wheel J will also be turned 8 steps and the
figure 8 will be brought opposite the platen. As this result ensues with each wheel A
and its corresponding printing wheel and connections, and as each printing wheel is
thus turned to bring opposite the platen the number corresponding to the number
exposed on the corresponding sight register wheel, and as the numbers thus exposed
represent the sum total of all the numbers struck, the number set opposite the platen
and then printed on the slip will be the sum total of all the numbers which were
previously printed separately on the slip, which thus presents columns of figures with
the total below as in any sum in addition.
20
The retainers D³ are all swung back by pushing back the lever D', thereby rocking
back the shaft D³ and arms f¹, and bringing the rod el against the lips e² of the
bars D. This movement is made the means of rocking the register shaft to carry the
roller bearings 4 away from the cam edges 2, arms E³ projecting from the shaft D,
(Figs. 33 and 40.) being jointed to rods E' (Fig. 32) which are connected to pins f³
projecting from the arms a of the shaft (Figs. 31, 32 and 33). To permit the shaft a
to swing when the cam edges 4 are brought in contact with the frame without moving
the shaft D and its connection, the rods E are provided with slots, receiving
pins f, and permitting the play of the pins as the register frame is turned upward to
the position shown in Fig. 38.
Where it is desirable to keep the carrying. wheels of the register H at zero
preliminary to beginning additional computations, it is effected by throwing forward
the wheels after they are set by the descent of the racks. This is done by moving the
handle 17 forward so as to move forward the bar E and thereby pushing on the
pins f, and moving out the shaft a. It will be obvious that the wheels A constructed
as described serve a twofold purpose, first, as registers; second, as carrying wheels,
when a sight register is not required, the wheels need not be numbered and then
constitute carrying wheels only.
It will be evident that if all the printing wheels J, are at zero before the amount
set up on the keyboard is transferred, and if said amount does not require all the
wheels to represent it, the remaining wheels will print cyphers in line with the other
numbers. Thus if there are nine wheels and the number transferred is 92816, the line
printed will present this appearance-000092816.
As the presence of the cyphers before the other figures is not only useless but
confusing, ineans are provided for preventing the printing of any but the figures
required to represent the sum, by preventing the printing contact with the slip of any
but the wheel containing figures to be printed, by adjusting the wheels themselves so
that these that are not to print lave the spaces between the printing faces opposite the
platen.
To lock both the printing and non-printing wheels in position, a frame M is used
(Figs. 33, 36 and 37) sliding on a shaft M parallel to the shaft K and consisting of
a bark, and two arms 1, 2, of different lengths connected by the bar, the bar
carrying a feather e extending into a slot el in the shaft M', so that the frame will
slide on and rock with said shaft.
The arm carries a rod and the arm
other, their inner ends being nearly in the same
the horizontal plane of the shaft K, and the other
the wheels Jare tuqued to the position shown in
a rod, the rods projecting towards each
vertical line, one rod being above
below, and so arranged that when
Fig. 32, and the frame M is rocked

page_text: forward in the direction of its arrow to the position shown in Fig. 33, the rod wil
pass into the V shaped spaces or arms between the printing types or faces of the
wheels opposite the rod, and will hold them in position to print, while the swinging
inward of the frame will carry the rod against the arms of the wheels opposite it
and will turn such as it makes contact with to a slight extent and hold them in their
non-printing position shown in Fig. 33.
It will be seen that by sliding the frame M above the recorder to such position that
the rod will be opposite the wheels which are to print and the rod opposite the
others, (Fig. 37) and then rocking the shaft M', the rod will enter between the
arms of the printing wheels and lock them while the arm 3 will strike and turn
the other wheels so that they will not make printing contact with the slip and only
the figures required to make up the sum will be printed. It is of course necessary to
move the frame M automatically to bring the rods 3. opposite the proper wheels,
and this may be effected from any moving part of the machine. One means is
illustrated in the drawing.
-
The frame M is drawn normally towards the right, (Figs. 36 and 37,) by a
spring S, but when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 36, is kept at the left
by a connection between it and the rack frame, said connection permitting the frame M
to move under the action of the spring as the rack frame is lowered. Thus a forked
bar P, (Figs. 33, 36 and 37) receives between its prongs the shaft M', and slides
thereon, and is slottod at the opposite end to receive a stud upon the arm D, so
that the latter can have a limited play independent of the bar. To one side of the bar
is secured a band or strap N, (Figs. 32, 36 and 37) which passes round a guido
pulley supported on the shaft M', and is connected to the centre of the frame M.
The lifting of the rack frame draws forward the bar P and pulls to the left the
frame M, but when the rack frame descends the stud slides back in the slot of the
bar Pand permits the latter and the frame M to be moved freely. To the frame M
at is pivoted a pawi Q having a long arm with a projection or hook, Fig. 36, and
a short armadapted to catch with a rack or series of teeth m² on the shaft M'. The
racks of the levers L have each a projection n', (Figs. 35, 36 and 37) at the upper
edge, so situated that when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 37, the
projection of the pawl Q will rest against the projections n¹, and the pawl will slide
with the frame over the racks.
When any one or more of the racks are moved back by the action of the keys, the
projections of such racks pass from below the pawl, the long end of the latter drops
and the short end of the pawl at once engages with one of the teeth of the rack m³,
and further movement of the frame is provented, while the arm D² can descend owing
to the travel of the stud in the slot of the bar P. The ends of the rods 3, 4, are so
arranged as respects the parts described that when the frame M is next rocked in the
direction of its arrow, Fig. 33, the bar will lock all of the wheels at the right of,
and including that connected with the rack, the movement of which permitted the
pawl to drop, while the rod will strike all the other wheels (which are not to do any
printing) and turn them away from printing contact with the slip, as shown in
Figs. 33 and 37. The shaft M and its frame M are rocked as the parts reach their
lowest position by the contact of projections p, on the cam levers E with arms
projecting from the shaft M¹.
An arm R, (Figs. 31, 37 and 39) carried by the shaft M', carries a pawl R' having
a shoulder, which when the arm R swings forward, engages with a pin on one of
two arms T on a shaft T, carrying between them a platen U. A spring m³ lifts the
0 platen and the latter is depressed as the pawl R¹ descends until a stop m² on the arm R
strikes the pawl, when the latter will be carried from the stud a and the spring m³
will force the platen with a quick sharp blow against the slip of paper between which
and the wheels is carried the usual carbon ribbon. Any other inking means may be
used.
5
When the wheels from which no prints are to be taken are kept from printing
contact with the slip by an intervening strip or otherwise than by moving the wheels
as above described, the rack lovers L may be connected rigidly to and from parts of

page_text: the rack levers B. But when it is necessary to move some of the wheels further than
others after the latter are set in place, it is requisite to permit the rack levers con-
nected with such wheels to have slight movements independently of the levers B.
To permit this the levers L and B are made separate but connected, so that each
pair will normally move together as one, but with a spring connection which yields
when it is necessary to move the levers L alone. As shown each lever L has an arm t,
(Fig. 35) corresponding to an arm t¹ projecting from the adjacent lever B and a lip t
extends from the arm over the arm t, and is held in contact therewith by a spring 3,
which yields when the lever L is moved independently of the lever B, but normally
keeps them in contact to move together. For throwing the printing devices out of
operation, the platen frame may be pushed down and secured, or the pawl R¹ may be
turned out of operative position. Supports are used for a roll of paper which is drawn
forward between the printing register and platen and through an opening at the
back of the machine, Fig. 29. The paper is fed between feed rolls V, VI, Fig. 39.
To permit the ready detachment of the printed portion of the paper a knife u*,
(Fig. 39) is secured to a shaft u', having a handle U at the end outside of the case,
(Figs. 29 and 30) and a shoulder w' is arranged on the base of the machine, Fig. 39,
so that the paper is bent down against the shoulder when the knife is depressed, a
smart pull on the projecting end then separating the slip from the remainder of the
roll along the line of the knife edge.
It will be seen that in operating the above described devices, the effect of depressi ng
the keys is simply to set the stops, and that when the operating lever is drawn
forward in the direction of its arrow, Fig. 29, the wheels A are not turned, the racks
simply being brought to different positions determined by the arrangement of their
stops, and that the wheels A are then turned upon the upward movements of the racks
resulting from pushing back the handle C, according to the extent to which their
-respective racks will be pressed on the forward movement of the handle.
As the stops c are all set in position before the connections with the register wheels
are operated, any error in striking the koys may be corrected before any effect is
produced on the register, it being necessary only to restore the stops to their normal
positions and then restrike the keys. Different means of restoring the stops will
suggest themselves to any mechanic. One consists in moving forward the rod e, and
thereby carrying forward all the bars D₁. The forward-movement of the rod e may
be effected by operating the handle D' as before described, but as this would carry the
hand away from the keys and interfere with rapid manipulation an operating key W,
is used, (Figs. 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33,) near the front of the machine where it can be
readily pressed by the thumb. A lever W transfers the motion of the key W to the
rod e, Fig. 33, through a rod w² connected to the lever and to the rod e, as shown, see
Fig. 40.
In the construction of machine shown in Figs. 41 to 57 is embodied improvements
upon the constructions previously set forth. In said figures:
Figs. 41 and 42 together constitute a
embodying my invention.
part sectional elevation of a machine
Fig. 43 is a plan view of part of the apparatus the key board and connections being
removed.
Fig. 44, a sectional elevation on line 3-3, Fig. 43, showing a treadle, governor
and operating connections for actuating the machine therefrom.
Fig. 45, a modified brake device.
Fig. 46, a view showing a modification of the keys.
4
Fig. 47 is a side view showing the regulator, carrying pinions and part of the 5
register actuating devices.
Fig. 48 is an enlarged part sectional view showing part of the key board, keys, and
regulator.
Fig. 49 is a detached view of part of the devices shown in Fig. 48.
Fig. 50, a part plan on the line 7-7, Fig. 48.
Fig. 51, a part plan on the line 8-8, Fig. 48.
Fig. 52. a part side-section showing the revister and wart of the actuating devices
5

page_text: THE KEYS.
The key board B consists of two parallel separated plates 10, 11, (Figs. 41, 42
and 48) connected by studs 12, 12, the plate 11 at the front end extending between
guide rolls 13, 13, supported by the frame, and at the rear between guide rolls 14, 14,
also supported by the frame, so that the key board can slide back and forth to an
extent limited by contact with a cross plate 15 at the front, and with a cross plate 16
at the back. The key board supports parallel series of keys as before described,
with stems extending vertically through corresponding openings in the plates 10, 11,
each head resting on a coiled spring 17, which lifts the key to an extent limited by
the contact of a lip a on the stem with a cross rod 18. All the cross rods 18 extend
through flanges on the plate 11, and are carried thereby. Each key stem is notched
to form a shoulder 6 and an inclined edge e¹, and the plate 11 carries a series of strips
or slides 19, Fig. 51, one slide below each series of keys, and each slide has an
elongated slot c for the passage of the stem of each of the keys of the series; and a
spring 20, Figs. 48 and 51, tends to force back each slide, so that if any key is
depressed to carry the shoulder below the slide, the latter will first be pressed
forward by contact with the inclined edge e', and then move back under the action of
the spring to a position above the shoulder b, thus locking the key in its depressed
position. If any key of a series is erroneously depressed and then held by the locking
device, the depression of a second key of such series, to correct the error, will move
forward the slide until the key first depressed is unlocked, and rises, after which the
second key will be locked in position. After the keys have been depressed to register
any desired amount the key board is pushed back, so as to bring the depressed keys
into action with the registering apparatus, as hereinafter described.
THE REGISTER.
The register E is constructed as before described. Each wheel 21 of the register
is cut away to form radial arms with intervening V shaped notches, and carries a
pinion 22 at one side, and turns on a shaft 23, carried by side plates 24, 24, supported
by the shafts 1 and 3. Each connection between the register and keys has a rocking
lever F consisting of two sections in the form of loosely connected arms 102, 103,
(Figs. 43, 52 and 53) swinging on the shaft 1, the rear end of section 102 extending
to the rear of the shaft 1, and each section 103 being provided at the rear end with a
rack 25, gearing with one of the pinions 22.
THE RETAINERS.
In the construction illustrated each retainer G, (Figs. 48, 49 and 57) consists of a
lever swinging on a rod 28 and having a catch or bearing 29 in the form of a pin,
which engages with a shoulder d, on a rack 30, connected to or forming a part of the
adjacent lever F at the forward end thereof, the lever F having an inclined edge,
that contacts with the bearing 29 when the lever is raised and swings back the
retainer until it engages with the shoulder d and thereby holds the lever in
position.
The frame of the machine supports a slotted plate 31 parallel to the key board, and
on the plate 31 slide strips 32, (Figs. 48 and 50) each being extended forward and
carrying a lateral pin or bearing 34 on which bears an inclined shoulder 27, (Fig. 49)
of the retainer G. Each strip 32 is moved at times by operating eye studs 35, each

page_text: in position to be forward of the stem of the adjacent key D when the latter is set, so
that the forward movement of the key, on sliding the key board, will bring each
depressed key in contact with one of the studs and will also carry forward the strip
and move the retainer G and release the lever F, which will then drop at the forward
end and adjust the register wheel or piece with which it co-operates.
THE REGULATORS.
The "regulator" H is constructed as before described with stops 37, so as to be set
in position to be struck by a shoulder 38 on the lever F, as the lever descends after
being released. The controlling devices between each stop and the operating stud 35
consist as shown of a rod 39. This rod 39 is turned up at the end to form an eye,
(Fig. 48) extending through slots in the plates 31, and strips,32, and constituting the
before named operating stud 35.
When any key of the several series is depressed to contact with the stud 35 on the
sliding of the key board as before described, the 39 and stop 37 connected with that
stud 35 are also moved, so as to set the stop while the retainer G is also moved
to release the lever F. After being thus released the lover falls until its shoulder 38
strikes that stop that has been moved into the path of the said shoulder 38, and as
the upper stop is connected to operate with the lowest key, and the others aro
connected in order with the other keys, the depressing of any key of any series will
set the stop connected with said key to permit the co-operating lever to fall to a
determined extent and turn the register wheel so much of a revolution as will present
to the sight or printing opening the figure on the wheel corresponding to that on the
key depressed. The extent of movement of each lever is thus absolutely regulated.
It is not necessary to provide a movable stop 37 for the upper or "9" key as a
permanent stop 37, Fig. 42, at the lower end of each bracket 150 arrests the lever
after it is released by the action of the upper key. After the key board has boon
pushed back to set the stops and swing the retainers G to release the levers it is
at once released and then slides forward to its first position, leaving the stops 37 set
for operation, while the keys are all carried out of direct connection with the stops
and can be set by. again depressing them, so as to again operate the stops when the
board is again moved back, this being done while the registering devices are
recording the number first set upon the key board.
As the key board moves back a lip t on each locking slide 19 strikes a bar 151,
(Figs. 42, 48 and 51) and the movement of the slides is arrested so that the
shoulders of the keys are carried from below the slide and the keys are released.
The keys cannot rise however owing to their lips a being hooked into the studs 35,
but on again drawing forward the key board after the stops are set, the lips will be
drawn from said studs and the keys will be lifted by the springs 17 to their first
position. By extending the studs 35 through slots in the slides 32, and by connecting
said studs to the stops 37, the movement of any stud of a series not only moves the
slide 32 and swings the retainer, but also simultaneously sets the stop in position to
arrest the lever released by such retainer. To register an amount indicated by
more than one figure, a number of levers F will be dropped corresponding to the
number of figures in the amount, after which the levers must be restored to their
normal position prior to registering another amount.
This restoration is effected by means of a "lifter" I, consisting as shown of a cross
bar 45, (Figs. 42, 43 and 47) extending below the levers F and actuating devices,
as for instance, two arms 46, 46, Fig. 43, hung to the rock shaft 1, and swinging on
or with the same, so that as the shaft is rocked by a suitable lever the bar 45 will
be elevated and striking the under edges of the dropped levers F will raise them
until their shoulders d engage with the retainers G which then lock the levers in their
elevated position. As the levers F are restored, the stops 37 are readjusted. This is
effected by pushing forward all of the strips 32 by a bar 48, Fig. 41, carried by
arms 49 on the rock shaft 4, and brought against the ends of the strips 32 by rocking
said shaft in the direction of its arrow.

page_text: A rod 49ª, (Figs. 41 and 42) extends from the bar 48 to the upper end of a
lever 50, which lever 50 swings on the cross rod 7, and carries at its lower end a
spring actuated cam dog 51, Fig. 42, which yields as a friction roller 52 on one of
the arms 46 of the lifter strikes the same on the descent of the lifter I, but on the
rising of the latter the friction roller strikes the cam edge of the dog, and vibrates the
lever 50 in the direction of its arrow, so as to carry the bar 48 against the ends of
the projected strips 32, and thus automatically move all the strips and restore the stops.
THE CARRIERs.
Whenever the number accumulated by the action of any one of the sories of keys
exceeds 9, it is of course necessary to carry the excess to the next column, and for
this purpose a "carrier" is used which will be now described.
With the racks 30 at the forward ends of the levers F, (Figs. 42, 56 and 57,) gear
carrying pinions 60, turning on a shaft 61, supported by the arms ³ of a fraine K,
swinging on the rock shaft 2, Figs. 42 43 and 47, whereby the carrying pinions can
be swung to and from the racks into and out of engagement therewith. Each lever F
has a stud or bearing 66, Fig. 42, dotted lines and Figs. 56 and 57, which is normally
in contact with the lower end of a detent M, consisting of a lever hung to the cross
rod 28, and resting normally on a cross pin 63 extending between the plates of the
stop bracket 150. A lever L hung to the cross rod 28 at the side of the detent M,
carries a stud 69, and also a stud or bearing 71 normally in contact with the upper
arm 64 of a bell crank lever or pawl J, having a shoulder e, and hung to the stud 63.
A spring 80 tends to draw back each lever L with a striking effect as set forth here-
inafter. The normal positions of these parts just described is shown in full and dotted
lines in Fig. 42.
Each pinion GO is provided with a lateral stud or bearing 62, and in all the opera-
tions of the machine (except in drawing off the total) the pinions 60 are always out
of engagement with the rack levers on the descent of the latter, as shown in
Fig. 47, but are swung inward into gear prior to the lifting of the levers, so that as
each dropped lever rises it will turn back each pinion 60 (in the direction of tho
arrow Fig. 56) to an extent proportioned to the extent to which the lever F was
dropped.
The various parts described are so arranged that the stud 62 (Figs. 55 and 57) of
each of the pinions 60, may be brought to contact with one of the pawls J, Fig. 56,
and this pawl J in the position shown in Fig. 56, holds forward one of the lovers L,
the pin 69 of which is in position (shown in Fig. 55) to strike the detent M of the next
higher lever F. As a result when one lever F moves upward sufficiently to complete
a revolution of the pinion geared therewith, the stud 62 of such pinion is brought
against the next adjacent pawl J, (Fig. 56) swings the latter back to the position
shown in Fig. 57, to carry the arm 64 of the pawl away from the stud 71, and
releases the lever L which then moves inward under the action of the spring 80, and
by its stud 69 strikes the detent M and carries it away from the bearing 66 of the
lever F to the left of that which turned the aforesaid pinion 60. This displacement of
the detent M permits the lever F from which the detent has been removed to rise
one step higher than the other levers, and it will therefore turn its pinion 60 one
step further than would result from any movement of said lever F under the action of
its own series of keys. The effect of this is to add 1 to the number registered, as herein-
after described.
As the rigid bar 45 would lift all the levers to a uniform extent, a motor spring is
used as before to automatically carry the levers F that are capable of further move-
ment, to the extent of such movement. The motor springs N, Fig. 47, are arranged
upon the bar 45, so as to contact with the levers F and be compressed between the
levers and the bar when the latter is at the limit of its upper motion and the levers
are held in their normal positions by the detents M, but when any lever F is released
by swinging away the detent M, the motor spring N bearing on said lever F moves
it automatically upward to the extent necessary to turn the carrying pinion geared
D

page_text: with the said lever an additional step. The turning of the carrying pinions in one
direction by the repeated movements of the levers F has the effect of accumulating
on the series of pinions the total sum of all the amounts set upon the keys. This
accumulation is not necessarily visible upon the pinions, but the series of pinions is in
the position that a series of corresponding register wheels would occupy if they were
substituted therefor, or, in other words, the ends of the teeth of the pinions were
numbered as register wheels are (as they might be if desired) said pinions would
indicate in line a series of figures showing the sum total of all the numbers accumu-
lated by the action of the keys of the key board. The separate register E indicates
the separate amounts registered at each single operation; such register also serving to
receive and show the sun total when required.
Assuming that at the beginning of operations the stud 62 of a pinion 60 is in
contact with the shoulder e of the pawl J, as shown in Fig. 42, and that the move-
ment or movements of the lever F has turned the pinion two steps carrying the stud
to the position shown in Fig. 57, and that some of the levers have, under the opera-
tions before described, been moved to their highest positions, the operations necessary
to take off a total will be as follows, the means of effecting the movements of the parts
being hereinafter described.
First, the frame K carrying the pinions is swung to carry said pinions out of
engagement with the racks, (Fig. 47). Second the lifter I will be dropped so that
cach of the elevated levers will fall until its shoulder & engages with the stud 29,
(Fig. 57) the levers are all thus brought to one position. Third, the frame K is
then swung to carry the pinions 60 into engagement with the racks of the levers F,
(Fig. 57). Fourth, the retainers G are thrown back to release all the levers F,
(Fig. 49) which then drop and turn back the pinions 60. Each pinion 60 turns
back in a
reverse direction the number of steps or teeth its stud has been
previously carried in the other direction beyond the shoulder e when its stud 62 will
then strike the shoulder e, and the movement of the pinion with that of the lever
geared therewith will be arrested. As the lever F, Fig. 57, falls only the distance
necessary to turn the pinion 60 two steps, the rack 25 carried by the rear end 103 of the
lever will move only a sufficient distance to turn the registering wheel connected
there with two steps, so that the figure exposed in position on said wheel will corre
spond to the number placed upon the co-acting carrying pinion 60. When the
levers F have dropped until each pinion is at zero with its stud resting on the
shoulder e of the adjacent pawl J, the total is indicated at the register as before
described. If now it is desired to retain this total, which is termed a "sub total"
to add other numbers thereto, the pinions 60 are not retained at zero, but are left in
gear with the racks as the levers Frise, so that the pinions will be turned back to
the position in which they were left after the last addition, and other amounts are
added as before, after which the grand total can be taken.
In order to avoid the friction which would result from vibrating the rear ends of
the levers F, and turning the register wheels, when the front ends are raised under
the action of the motor springs N, which friction would necessitate the use of very
stiff and powerful motor springs, each lover F is made in two sections 102, 103,
(Figs. 41, 12, 52 and 53) the rear section 103 being always under the lifting action
of a spring 107, Figs. 41 and 47, which tends to keep a lug 106 on each section 103
in contact with a bearing 105, on the section 102, so that the sections will normally
swing together as one lever. But when the forward sections are all in the position
shown in Fig. 42, a bar 110, Figs. 41 and 52, is brought upon the upper edges of
all the sections 103, which are depressed to carry the lugs 106 away from the
bearings 105, so that each spring N can lift its co-operating lever section without
moving the section 103, and without the frictional resistance resulting therefrom. The
bar 110 is supported by arms 111 projecting from the lifter I, so that as the lifter
rises at the front end to carry the levers at their forward ends to their elevated
position, the bar 110 will be brought against the rear section of the levers F, and
depress the same.
The frame K which carries the pinions 60 also carries a
cross bar 112 which

page_text: when the frame K swings out, contacts with the arms 113 of the striking levers L
and carries the levers to the position shown in Fig. 56, with their studs 69 at some
distance forward of the stop detents M, in which position they are held by the pawls J,
the bar 112 then returning to its first position. When a pawl J is moved to release a
lever L, the latter swings quickly inward, drawn by the spring 80, and acquires
such a momentum by the time that the stud 69 strikes the detent M, that the latter
will be forcibly displaced from above the bearing 66, notwithstanding the friction
resulting from the upward pressure of the motor spring N.
Instead of turning the recorder wheels that are not to print, out of position as
before described, the wheels are geared with the operating devices so that the
figures of the wheels are not brought into printing or visual position by the action
of the actuating mechanism, but are all set a half step from such position, then
only such wheels as indicate figures to be recorded are turned to printing or visual
position. This turning of the printing wheels a half step is effected by the upward
movement of a bar 120, Figs. 41, 52, 53 and 54, carried by an arm 121 sliding and swinging
on the shaft 3. The arm 121 is part of a frame P which slides on the shaft 3, said
frame consisting of the arm 121, a parallel arm 122, and a connecting bar 123. All
parts of the frame slide back and forth laterally under the action of a spring 126,
Figs. 52 and 54, and of a cam Q, Fig. 53, secured to the rock shaft 1, and acting on
a friction roller 125 on the frame P the spring pulling the frame P, to the right and
the cam producing the sliding movement to the left.. Tho arm 121 has also a swinging
movement independent of the remaining portion of the frame, a rib 127, Fig. 54, on
the arm 121 extending into a groove 128 in the shaft 3, and the latter is rocked to
carry the bar 120 into and from contact with the register wheels. The sliding of the
frame P carries the bar 120 opposite the recording wheels, that is, such wheels as are
to be turned to position to record the number. Thus if four wheels are to be moved
the bar is carried inward in the direction of the arrow to the position shown in Fig. 53,
only to an extent sufficient to contact with the first four wheels, but if all aro to be
set into registering or printing position the bar will remain in the position shown in
Fig. 43, so as to contact with all of the wheels as it rises. It will be evident that
different carriers may be employed for sliding and vibrating the bar 120.
:
It is of course necessary to automatically set the bar 120 in its lateral position as a
result of the action of the keys. This may be effected by different adjusting means.
Those shown in the drawing consist of a series of pawls g, best shown in Figs. 43, 52,
53 and 54, each depending for its position upon that of one of the levers F, and
which when set is in the way of a shoulder i, Fig. 54, of the frame P, and limit its
movement. Each pawl g is hung on a fixed cross bar 130 below the projecting
rear ends of the forward section 102, on one of the levers F, in such position that
when such end is depressed it contacts with the front end of the pawl and lifts its
rear end, but when said rear end of the lever rises, as the forward end of the lever F
falls, from the action of a key, the rear end of a pawl drops into position to be struck
by the shoulder i, as shown in Figs. 52 and 54. Prior to setting up a number the
frame is in the position shown in Fig. 43, and when the lovers F have been set as a
result of the manipulation of the keys and of the action of the lifter, the further
rocking of the shaft 1 will swing the cam to such a position as to permit the
spring 126 to draw said frame to the right, Fig. 54, until the shoulder i strikes the
nearest pawl that has been dropped, said shoulder being then opposite the highest
wheel that has been moved. As none of the pawls y co-acting with the levers F that
have not been operated were dropped, the shoulder i will pass beneath said pawls and
the bar 120 will be carried into a position away from all the wheels except those that
are to be set into visual or printing position. This position is indicated in Fig. 52
along a line z.
To the arm 122 of the frame P is pivoted a finger 124, the inner end of which is
adjacent to that of the bar 120 but on a different horizontal plane, so that said finger
is carried longitudinally by the frame P between the arms of such of the wheels, as
are not to make a record, and said finger 124 is acted on by a spring 131, Fig. 53,
which tends to normally throw the said finger forward toward the shaft 23 of the

page_text: wheels. The said finger has a rib n at its outer edge, and has a bevelled end m.
which when it contacts with a bevelled shoulders on any part of frame, as for
instance one of the side plates 24 will throw back said finger and bring its rib n into
position to print a cross line on the paper which receives the impression from the
register wheels.
The effect of the arrangement described is to print a series of numbers and tlien
prior to printing a total, to print a line below said numbers. Said line may be printed
at any time by first bringing all the levers F into position to throw the register
wheels out of printing position, which permits the frame P to slide fully to the right,
and then rocking the shaft 1 as described hereinafter to effect this sliding movement
of the frame.
GENERAL OPERATING MECHANISM.
The parts above described are carried generally within a case X, Fig. 41, having a
slot u at the rear opposite the register wheels, and a swinging frame R carries a
printing roller or platen S, against which lies the strip of paper V2 to be printed. An
arm 135, Fig. 41, on the shaft 3 operates the printing frame R pivoted to a shaft 405,
through mechanism shown, so as to swing said frame back and forth and bring the
paper strip against the ink ribbon across the register wheels after each number has
been set.
In order to secure a total it is necessary as before described to permit every lever F
to drop to turn back the pinions 60. As the retainers G hold up the levers it is
therefore necessary to swing such retainers backward. This is effected by moving all
the slides 32 simultaneously backward and thereby swinging the retainers G, to the
position shown in Fig. 56. This movement of the slides may be effected by a cross
bar 190, Fig. 41, and suitable operating connections. For instance, the bar is carried
between arms 191, swinging on the shaft 4, and when the arms are swung to the
reverse direction of the arrow, Fig. 41, the bar 190 contacts with lips 3 at the upper
ends of the slides 32 and draws them all backward. A hand lever Q2 Fig. 42 is hung to
the shaft 5 and carrying arms supporting studs d', each extend through slots in the
ends of two connecting rods 194, 195, the former jointed to arms 191, and the latter
to arms 196 of levers secured on the shaft 4, so that if the lever Q is pulled forward
it will draw on the rods 195 and swing the bar 190 backward, while the same result
will ensne if the lever Q is swung in the opposite direction when the rod 194 will be
pushed back and carry back the arms 191 and bar 190. The purpose of this double
action will be hereinafter set forth. In Fig. 44 is shown an operating treadle y and
in other figures the parts connected therewith.
This treadle or lever y is connected to operate a "driver" T as it is the part, like
a driving shaft, from which all the movements are imparted to the various parts of
the machine. This driver as shown is in the form of a slide, Figs. 41, 43 and 44,
moving upon an inclined guide rod 155 and carrying rollers 156 that enter cam
slots 157 in cam arms 158 attached to the rock shaft 1, so that as the driver rises and
descends, the said shaft is rocked back and forth to move the levers F and frame P
and the printing devices, as before described. To the driver T is secured rigidly
a cam plate, which contacts with a roller 167 on a lever k, Figs. 42, 44 and 47,
pivoted to a connecting rod 162 jointed to an arm 163 pivoted on the shaft 2, which
arm 163 carries the frame K; a spring 164, Fig. 42, tending to swing said frame
backward. A link 165 serves to guide the connecting rod, and a spring 166
connected to said link and to a pendant arm k of the lever k tends to keep the
latter substantially in line with the connecting rod. As the driver T and cam rises,
the cam contacts with the rear end or edge of the roller 167 of the lever k,
and forces forward the latter and its rod 162, so as to swing forward the frame K, and
carry the pinions 60 out of gear with the racks just before the latter are dropped from
the action of the driver in depressing the lifter. The cam h rises until its lower end
is just above the roller 167, and the inclined edge q will permit the lever to move
back in the direction of the arrow Fig. 44, as the upward movement is completed, so

page_text: that the frame K is swung to again bring the pinions into gear with the racks
prior to their upward movement which results when the driver descends.
As the cam ascends, the lever is held in line with the rod 162, Fig. 42, by
means of a lug 170, Fig. 42, on a lever 171 secured to the shaft 5, on which lug the
front end of the lever & bears, but when the cam begins to descend its pressure on
the rear end of the lever k tilts the latter in the direction of the arrow Fig. 42,
without imparting any movement to the rod 162, so that the frame K remains at rest
and the pinions 60 remain in gear with the racks during the ascent of the latter. The
last action of the machine results from depressing the driver which is held in its
lowest position prior to another operation, by means of a detent 180, Figs. 41 and 42,
the lower end of which, engages with a shoulder 181 on a rack 210 connected with
the driver, which is thus held down.
Prior to beginning operations the driver T must be released, the detent 180 is
therefore connected with the key board so that after the keys have been depressed
prior to registering a number and the board is pushed back, the detent will he
moved to release the driver T. The connection is a pin 201, Fig. 42, on the key
board arranged to bear against the detent 180, so as to strike and vibrate the
lever as the board moves back and thus carry the end of the lever away from the
shoulder 181. This locking of the driver T until the key board is pushed back
prevents the premature moving of the operating devices of the machine.
The arın 171 on the rock shaft 5 which carries the lug 170 also carries a lug 200
which is out of line with the lug 170, so that if the shaft 5 is turned by the lever Q,
to carry the lug 200 to a position above the front end of the lever k, the latter is
prevented from tilting on the downward movement of the cam h, but will slide
longitudinally, swinging forward the frame K, and the carrying pinions 60 will
then be swung away from the racks as before described as is necessary to hold the
pinions 60 at zero after securing a total, and prior to beginning another series of
additions. By manipulating the lever Q so as to carry both lugs 170, 200, from
the lever k, the latter will swing on both the upward and downward movements of
the cam h, and the frame K will remain stationary with the pinions in gear with
the levers as is necessary in securing a "sub total." As it is necessary for the
operations described to release the levers F when the lever Q is set in both its
extreme forward and extreme backward positions, two pair of connecting rods 194, 195,
before described, are used, which ensures the backward movement of the bar 190 when
the lever Q2 is moved in either direction. As the movement of the lever Q during
the time of the movement of the other parts of the machine might injure the
mechanism, and would lead to maladjustments, a lock is used for holding the lever
automatically until it can be moved with safety. Thus a pawl R2 is used, pivoted to
the side frame and with three notches adapted to receive a stud 303 on a branch
of the arm 171, and this pawl rests on a stud 204 carried by one arm of the
lifter, and is held above the stud 303 thereby, until the lifter begins to descend on
the starting of the operations, when the pawl will be allowed to drop and the
stud 303 will be received into one of the notches and the lever Q will be immovably
locked in place.
To prevent the key board from being moved except when the other parts are at
rest and in their normal positions, a shoulder or stud 206 on the key board, Fig. 42, is
adapted to engage with the shoulder of a bevel ended spring catch 207, pivoted at u³
to the frame, but the catch 207 is held out of engagement with the stud 200 by
the contact of an arm 208 secured to the spring catch, with a pin 209 carried by the
lifter until the latter has descended a short distance when the pin 209 will pass from
the arm and the catch will engage with and lock the key board in place.
It would be very detrimental to the operations of the machine for the operator to rock
the shaft 1 a part of its movement, or lift the slide T a part of its travel, and then
reverse the motion. To prevent this the teeth of a rack 210, Figs. 41 and 44, ongage
with a weighted pawl V hung at j to the frane, the spaces or notches between the
teoth being so shallow that after the rack has been started in one direction the
pawl cannot enter far enough to permit the rack to be drawn back. At each end

page_text: of the rack, however, is a notch 211, Figs. 41 and 44, so deep that after the pawl
enters the same, it (the pawl) can swing to a position to permit the rack to be
started in a reverse direction. It will be evident that a self acting pawl might be
combined with any other reciprocating part of the machine besides the rack 210, so
as to prevent any return movement after the motion in either direction is begun.
The pawl might be replaced by an eccentric and the rack by a plain plate notched
only at the ends.
Where the movements of a mechanical calculator are effected directly by the power
of the operator, they are apt to vary in force and quickness with a most detrimental
effect upon the mechanism. To avoid this result the machine is moved by a motor or
motors which impart the desired movements without varying either in force or speed,
and the force of the operator is used only to store up the power of the motors,
which may be done quickly or otherwise without detriment. The motor consists
essentially of two springs 215 and 220 and their connections with the driver T.
The lifting of the driver T and operations of the machine in one direction are effected
by the spring 215, Fig. 44, connected to the treadle y and to a lug on the frame, said
treadle being connected by a rod 216 to a sleeve 217 sliding on a rod 218 connected
to the slide T and guided at the lower end. The rack 210 is connected by a rod 300
with said sleeve which is normally held against a stop 219 by the spring 220, bearing
on a stop 221 at the other end of the rod. To prevent sudden movements of the
operating devices, which would jar and strain them, a dash pot, fly wheel or other
governor is arranged in any suitable manner to limit the speed of the movements.
Thus a cylinder U receives the piston 225 on the end of the rod 218 and a limited
port 226 with an adjusting screw communicates with a reservoir 227, holding a supply
of oil that flows slowly back and forth through the port as the piston rises and
descends. The depressing of the treadlo and descent of the connected sleeve 217
compresses the spring 220, which by its expansion after the movement of the treadle
is arrested carries the rod 218 and its connections to their lowest positions. This
spring exerts always a uniform power and provents the operator from applying such
power with his foot as to force the oil rapidly through the port and strain the machine.
As the rack 210 is carried by the sleeve 217 the rack will descend to the full extent
when the treadle or lever is depressed to its full extent, and the treadle with the
sleeve will be locked in place by the detent 180, so that if the sleeve 217 is carried
downward more rapidly than the spring 220 can act to depress the rod 218 and
driver T, the spring being compressed will act after the sleeve 217 stops its
motion to gradually depress the driver after the foot is removed from the treadle.
When the key board is again pushed back the driver is released, when the motor
spring 215 will lift the driver and parts connected therewith and the parts of the
machine will be moved to effect the registration without any other act upon the part
of the operator than the moving of the key board, so that the registration is always
effected by the uniform and equal power of the motor spring.
Fig. 45 shows a modified governor consisting of a rack rod for connection with the
sleeve 217 and gearing with a pinion on a fan shaft .230, the revolution of the shaft
and fan limiting the speed of movement of the rod and its connected parts.
Each key may be pivoted instead of sliding, and may bear at the lower end on a
spring lifted dog or contact piece 100, Fig. 46, to hold the latter down when the key
is tilted backward, when the dog will be in position to engage with the stud 35. As
the board slides forward the keys are restored by the sliding back of bars r, and the
dogs are all lifted by their springs to positions above the contacting studs.
In Figs. 58 to 63 are shown novel means whereby the inking ribbon of the recorder
is automatically wound back and forth between the two spools without requiring
attention upon the part of the operator.
In said figures:-
Fig. 58 is a side view of the device showing the parts in position to feed in the
forward direction.
Fig. 59 is a similar view showing the position of parts when reversing from feeding
in one direction to the other.

page_text: O is a sumar view of one of the spools, and the mechanism for fotog
in position to turn it backward.
Fig. 61 is a plan view of the right hand spool, Figs. 58 and 59.
Fig. 62 is a plan view of the left hand spool.
Fig. 63, a view illustrating a modification.
The two spools A, B, upon which the ribbon C is wound, and between which
it extends are mounted respectively upon the shafts a and b, and each is provided with
a driver for rotating it. The wheel D is fast upon shaft b, and the spool B loose
thereon, but connected therewith by frictional engagement of a spring carried by the
shaft engaging with the end disc of the spool. Inasmuch as the spool A is rigidly
connected with the wheel through which motion is imparted thereto, it follows that
the driving mechanism which regulates the feeding of the ribbon in both directions
must be connected with said spool. At the same time there must be a driver for
rotating the spool B simultaneously with the rotation of spool A when the ribbon is
being fed from the spool A on to the spool B. K represents a link, reciprocated by
a rod K, the link being connected at k, k, with armis E, I, rocking respectively
around the axes of shafts a, b, and provided with spring actuated pivoted pawls F, M,
engaging with the teeth of wheels C, D, respectively.
When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 58, the reciprocation of the rod
or link K and by it of the arm E and pawl F will cause a rotation of the wheel C, and
with it the spool A with a step by step motion in the direction of the arrow 1, while
the wheel D will be rotated with a step by step motion in the direction of arrow 3
thereon, but without carrying the spool B in this direction owing to the loose connec-
tion between the two. The spool B at each movement of the spool A turns upon its
shaft in the direction of arrow 2 to permit the ribbon to unwind therefrom. These
motions will continue until the ribbon has been entirely wound from the spool B to
the spool A, when it becomes necessary to reverse the direction of rotation of the
spools. The upper end of the arm or lever E is forked, the arms e, e, straddling
the shaft the distance between the inner edges of such arms being preferably equal
to the diameter of the shaft a. This arm E is held with a yielding force against the
shaft a, as by means of the spring G. The lower end of the arm E to which is pivoted
the pawl F is expanded and provided beyond the plane of the teeth e on the wheel C
with a curved slot I concentric with the pivot of the pawl F. Through this slot
projects a pin carried by the pawl, which serves as a means of attaching a sub-
stantially C-shaped spring H pivoted at its opposite end to a pin carried by
arm E, and serving to hold the pawl in proper position to act upon the teeth of
the wheel C and yet permitting it to be at proper times shifted into the different
positions shown in Figs. 58, 59 and 60 of the drawings.
Fig. 59 indicates the position of the parts after the ribbon has been entirely
wound from the spool B upon the spool A, and at the time the parts are changing
their position to reverse or feed the ribbon in the other direction. The ribbon
being entirely unwound from spool B and drawn taut as indicated in Fig. 59, a
motion of the link K to the right instead of moving the arm E and wheel C
together, causes the former to be moved forward relatively to the latter which is
held from farther rotation by the taut ribbon O. This forward movement of tho
arm E and its pawl relatively to the wheel C is permitted by elongating the bearing
in the arm for the shaft a, and holding the arm toward the shaft with a yielding force
and at the same time so mounting the pawl that it may rock on its axis from an
inclined position on one side of the longitudinal axial line of the arm to an inclined
position on the other, so that when the end of the pawl meets an unyielding obstruc-
Lion, as a tooth c, when wheel C is immovable, the arm will be forced away from the
shaft against the tension of spring G as seen in Fig. 59, and the pawl is rocked on
its pivot from a position indicated in Fig. 58, to that in Fig. 59, and then to that
shown in Fig. 60, or vice versa.
The arrangement of the spring H is such that whether the pawl F is in the
position shown in Fig. 58, or that shown in Fig. 60, its free end will be held against
the periphery of wheel C in position to engage the teeth thereon.

page_text: The position of parts being changed to that shown in Fig. 60, a continued reci-
procation of the rod K will cause a backward step by step rotation of the spool A
unwinding the ribbon slowly therefrom, and at the same time wheel D will be turned in
the same direction as it is when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 58, which
is the same direction as that now followed by spool A. The frictional or yielding
connection between the wheel D and the spool B is sufficient to cause the latter to
move with the wheel until all the ribbon unwound by the backward movement of the
spool A has been taken up. But the relative sizes of the wheels C and D and the
throw of the arms E and I is such that wheel D turns through a much greater arc at
cach reciprocation of the rod K, than does the wheel C. This insures that the spool B
sball always be turned sufficiently far to take up all slack ribbon, and should whicel D
tend to turn it further than is necessary therefor no straining will occur, as its motion
will simply be arrested by the strain on the ribbon, while the wheel D and shaft b
The parts remain in the relation shown in Fig. 60 until the entire ribbon
is unwound from the spool A and on to the spool B when this occurs, however,
instead of the arm E and its pawl changing their position back to that illustrated in
Fig. 58, they continue to rotate the spool in the same direction rewinding the ribbon on
the spool A, but in a convolute running around its axis in a direction opposite to that
followed when the ribbon was last being unwound. This continues until the ribbon
is entirely unwound from spool B, when it is again.drawn taut, the position of the
rotating mechanism for the spool A will be reversed and brought into the position
shown in Fig. 58, and the operations of the devico described will be repeated.
turn on.
Different frictional means may be interposed between the spool B and its driver D,
as a rubber washer, or a spring on the spool bearing on the periphery of the driver.
Further, different radially yielding supports for the pawl F may be used, for instance
its pivot pink may slide in a slot in the arm E against a spring therein, as shown
in Fig. 63, and friction dogs and discs may be substituted for the. pawls and
ratchets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to mo
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of a series of a numbered indicators, a series of independent
keys to each indicator, connections between each series of keys and each indicator,
arranged to insure the movement of each indicator upon the movement of any key of
its series, and including stops adjustablo by, but independent of, the keys, arranged to
vary the extent of movement of the indicator according to the position of the key
struck, substantially as described.
2. The combination of a series of indicators, a series of keys to each indicator, con-
nections whereby each indicator is operated on the movement of any key of its series,
connections whereby each indicator on completing a revolution adjusts the adjacent
indicator one step, and means for disconnecting the indicators from the connections
after each number is registered, to permit the connections to assume a position to
register another number, substantially as described.
3. The combination of the series of numbered indicators, and a series of independent
keys indicator operating devices having uniform movements connected with each
indicator and constructed to operate the indicators when released by the action of the
keys, and locking and regulating devices operated by, but independent of the keys for
releasing and regulating the movement of the indicator operating devices, substantially
as described.
4. The combination with the keys, indicators and intermediate operating connec-
tions, of means substantially as described, for moving the indicators to throw them
out of gear with the said connections upon their return motion, substantially as set
forth.
5. The combination with the indicators, keys, and intermediate operating devices
acting upon the indicators, of a device to restore the operating devices to their normal
positions, substantially as specified.

page_text: 6. The combination with the indicators and a series of independent keys to each
indicator, of a separate connection for moving each indicator, and a lock connected
to be operated by each key of the series whereby each connection is held in its operative
position, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with the indicators, keys, operating connections and locks, of
stops, each connected to be operated by one of the keys and arranged to limit the
movement of the operating connections according to the key depressed, substantially
as specified.
8. The combination with each indicator and a series of keys to each indicator, of
intermediate connections, a motor for operating the connections to a limited extent
independently of the key, a detent, and means for releasing the latter to permit the
connections of one indicator to move the same when the adjacent indicator completes
its revolution, substantially as specified.
9. The combination with a series of indicators, of a corresponding series of actuating
devices, and connections whereby the actuating device of one indicator is moved one
step whether in motion or at rest as the adjacent indicator completes its movement,
substantially as set forth.
10. The combination with a series of indicators and keys, and actuating connections
between the keys and indicators, of means substantially as described for turning each
indicator one step independently of the key action, as the next lower indicator
completes a revolution, substantially as described.
11. The combination with the series of keys and registering device operated there-
from, of an independent printing recorder and connections whereby the latter is
adjusted from the same keys and to the same extent as the said registering device,
and means for throwing each register out of gear with the connections, substantially
as set forth.
12. The combination with the series of keys, the printing recorder and a series of
independent connections, of appliances whereby each indicator of the recorder is
automatically restored to zero after the printing has been effected, substantially as set
forth.
13. A mechanical calculator provided with a register consisting of a series of
independently adjustable numbered indicating wheels, with a series of keys to each
wheel and intermediate independent connection between each key and its wheel,
whereby each wheel is turned according to the key depressed, the wheels being
numbered with two series of numbers from 0 to 9 in reverse order, substantially as
described.
14. The combination of the register having wheels provided with two series of
numbers from 0 to 9 in reverse order, keys, intermediate operating devices between
each key and its wheel, and adjusting bearings for the register to carry the wheels
to and from the said operating devices, substantially as described.
15. The combination of the indicator wheels, their actuating racks, stop devices, and
movable levers, carrying the racks, of arms having bearings for the levers, and lock
bars constructed to hold said arms in one position and to be operated by pins
upon the wheels to release the arms to take a different position, substantially as set
forth.
16. A registering wheel for mechanical calculators provided with two series of
numbers from 0 to 9, extending in opposite directions round the wheel, the numbers
of one series being between those of the other, substantially as set forth.
17. The combination with the key board of a mechanical calculator and with the
keys thereof, of a frame capable of being moved to and from and over the keys
and provided with a series of adjustable fingers, substantially as set forth.
18. The combination with a series of keys, of the mechanical calculator, of a
movable frame, and adjustable keys, each provided with a yielding buffer, substantially
as described.
19. The combination of a mechanical calculator, a movable frame carrying a series
of adjustable fingers, and a registering device R arranged to register the number of
the movements of the frame, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 20. The combination of a series of register wheels, a series of keys to each wheel,
a separate stop connected to be set by each key, and connections between each
wheel and its stops, constructed to turn the wheels and arranged to he moved by
hand each to an extent determined by the position of one of the stops, substantially
as described.
21. A mechanical calculator provided with a series of register wheels and inde-
pendent stops, and with series of keys, and connections for setting the stops in
different positions prior to turning the wheels, whereby cach wheel is turned to an
extent according to the position to which its stop is set prior to turning the wheel,
substantially as described.
22. The combination with the independent register wheels, of a mechanical calculator,
of keys, stops connected to be adjusted by the keys, devices for turning each wheel,
governed in extent of movement by the stops, devices for throwing the wheels
into and out of connection with the turning devices, and a device for restoring
the wheel turning devices simultaneously to normal position, substantially as
described.
23. The combination with the wheels A, keys and connections for operating the
wheels from the adjustment of the keys, of a device for restoring said connections
simultaneously to position while in gear with the wheels, substantially as described.
24. The combination of the register wheels and devices for turning the wheels, and
keys and stops for governing the positions of said devices, and means substantially as
described for throwing the wheels out of connection with said devices when they are
being set, and into connection therewith and for simultaneously restoring the devices
to normal position, substantially as described.
25. The combination of the independently movable record wheels arranged in
proximity, the keys arranged in separated positions to facilitate manipulation, and
independent connections diverging from the wheels to the keys, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
26. The combination with the register and series of operating levers of a series of
retainers for supporting the levers in their normal position without interfering with
their further upward movement, a detent for holding each lever against such upward
movement and an actuating device connected with each lever and between such lever
and the detent of the adjacent lever, for transferring motion to said detent, substantially
as described.
27. The combination of the series of register wheels, a series of keys to each wheel,
a rack lever constructed to turn each wheel, appliances for applying power to raise
and lower the rack lever and a series of stops adapted to be arranged in different
positions to define the movements of each lever, and connections between each series
of stops and one of the series of keys, substantially as described.
28. The combination with the series of wheels, keys, and wheel operating devices,
of stops for limiting the movements of said devices, a retainer for holding each
device in its normal position, a series of keys and connections independent of
the stops whereby each retainer may be operated by any key, and a restoring
device whereby all the retainers are returned to position simultaneously, substantially
as described.
29. The combination with the series of independent racks and stops, of an operating
frame and yielding connections between each rack and the frame whereby the latter
may be moved with some of the racks after the motion of other racks has been arrested,
substantially as described.
30. The combination of the racks and means for moving them positively and a
register having a wheel engaging with each rack, and devices whereby the register
wheels are automatically moved out of connection with the racks prior to the move-
ment of the latter in one direction and all the wheels are put into gear with all the
racks upon the reverse simultaneous movement of all the racks, substantially as described
in reference to Figs. 29 to 40.
31. The combination with the register wheels and operating devices of detents
supported by the frame and arranged to limit the movements of the said devices, and

page_text: to be each moved by the adjacent wheel as it completes a revolution, and a motor
whereby each device is moved one step when released by the action of the adjacent
wheel on the stop, substantially as described.
32. The combination with the wheels of a register and with racks turning the same,
of detents supported independently of the racks, limiting the normal movement of the
racks, and devices whereby each stop is displaced to permit the rack to move one step
whenever the adjacent wheel moves beyond a complete revolution, substantially as
described.
33. The combination of the racks, detents suspended from fixed supports, and register
wheels each with a pin arranged to make contact with and move a detent out of posi-
tion as the wheel completes a revolution, substantially as described.
34. The combination of the racks and pins 6, suspended forked detents and register
wheels having pins wc, substantially as described in reference to Figs. 29 to 40.
35. The combination of the register wheels and racks for moving them, of detents
supported independently of the racks for limiting the movement of the racks and
appliances for moving said detents, while the wheels are being moved by the racks,
substantially as described.
36. The combination of the register and recorder and rack levers each having two
racks, one gearing with the wheels of the rogister and the other with those of the
recorder, and power devices for moving the racks, substantially as described.
37. The combination with the register and recorder of a mechanical calculator, of
means for restoring the register wheels to zero, and connections between the register
and recorder wheels, whereby each of the recorder wheels is turned to an extent
governed by the movement of the corresponding register wheel to zero, substantially
as described.
38. The combination of the register, actuating levers F, and stops limiting the
movements of said levers, of a movable key hoard carrying series of adjustable keys,
and connections between each stop and one of the keys arranged to be operated by
such key after it is set and upon the movement of the board, substantially as described
in reference to Figs. 41 to 57.
39. The combination with the frame of the machine, register and register actuating
devices, of a key board sliding on said frame, and series of keys adjustably mounted
upon said board, and adjustable into and out of operative relation to said devices,
substantially as described.
40. The combination of the movable key board, series of keys, locking devices for
holding the keys in position after they are set, and an automatic unlocking device for
replacing the keys as the key board is restored to its normal position. substantially
as described.
41. The combination with the rack levers, actuating automatic motors and detents,
of spring actuated striking levers for operating said detents, substantially as
described.
42. The combination with a detent for restraining the movement of the rack lever,
of a striking lever, detent for holding it back, and releasing mechanism, substantially
as described.
43. The combination with the rack levers and carrying pinions, of detents affording
bearings for said levers, striking levers and actuating springs, pawls for normally
holding the striking levers out of contact with said detents, and studs on the pinions
arranged to contact with the pawls, substantially as described.
44. The combination with a mechanical calculator having a movable key board and
with an operating driver T, of a detent for holding the driver in an inoperative
position, and connections between the detent and the inovable key board, whereby the
detent is displaced as the key board is moved after setting its keys, substantially as
set forth.
45. The combination with a mechanical calculator having keys, register wheels and
intermediate wheel actuating devices, of a driver and connections with said devices,
whereby all are operated automatically in unison from the movement of said driver,
substantially as set forth.

page_text: 46. The combination with a calculating machine, its actuating lever, driver and
parts carried therewith, of a pawl hearing on one of the moving parts, to prevent a
return movement after a movement is begun in either direction, and devices
substantially as described for reversing the pawl and throwing it out of retaining
action at the limit of each movement, substantially as described in reference to
Figs. 41 to 57.
47. The combination with the operating driver of a calculating machine, of a spring
connected to move the driver in one direction, a lever to move the carrier in the
opposite direction, and intermediate yielding spring connections between the carrier
and driver, substantially as set forth.
48. The combination with the driver of a calculating machine, and with the
operating lever thereof, of a motor and connections with the lever and driver
whereby power is stored in said motor by the movement of the lever, and
the driver is operated by the motor, on the release of the lever, substantially as
described.
49. The combination with the calculating machine, operating levers and motor, of a
detent for locking the lever in its position after the power is stored in the motor, and
detent releasing devices, whereby the detent is withdrawn when the motor power is
required, substantially as set forth.
50. The combination with a calculating machine and its operating lever, of a governor
connected to limit and regulate the speed of movement of the parts of the machine,
substantially as set forth.
51. The combination with a calculating machine and operating lever, of an interposed
spring connection arranged to yield to the sudden movement of the lever and a governor
connected to regulate the speed of movement of the parts of the machine, substantially
as set forth.
52. The combination with the keys, register wheels and connections of a
calculating machine, of a reciprocating driver T connected to operate the said
connections, and a driver actuating lever or treadle, substantially as set forth.
53. In combination with a reciprocating part of a calculating machine two spools
carrying a ribbon, a driver turning in but one direction having a yielding connection
with one of said spools, and a reversible rotating driver connected with the other said
spool, substantially as described in reference to Figs. 58 to 63.
54. The combination with a reciprocating part of a calculating machine of a spool A
mounted on a shaft a, a toothed driving wheel, a reciprocating arm pivoted to the
shaft and having a sliding bearing, a spring which tends to draw the arm toward the
shaft, a pivoted reversible pawl carried by the arm engaging with the teeth on
the wheel, and carrying a pin projecting through a slot in the arm concentric with the
pivot of the pawl, and a pivoted spring which holds the pawl in engagement with the
teeth of the wheel, substantially as described.
55. The combination with a reciprocating part of a calculating machine, of spools A
and B, a driving wheel C positively connected with the spool A, a driving
wheel yieldingly connected with the spool B, and of less size than the driving
wheel of spool A, and means for simultaneously turning said wheels, substantially
as described.
Dated this 22nd day of August 1988
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.