IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR TWISTING AND WINDING SILK DIRECT FROM THE COCOONS, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE CLASS COMMONLY KNOWN AS THROSTLES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Chadwick, of the City of Manchester, Silk
Manufacturer, Arthur Elliott, of West Houghton, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of the said John Chadwick, and
William Robertson, of the City of Manchester, Mechanician, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR TWISTING AND WINDING
SILK DIRECT FROM THE COCOONS, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE CLASS COMMONLY
KNOWN AS THROSTLES."
Sealed the 15th October 1858, and dated the 30th April 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Chadwick, Arthur
Elliott, and William Robertson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th April 1858.
We, JOHN CHADWICK, of the City of Manchester, Silk Manufacturer,
ARTHUR ELLIOTT, of West Houghton, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
in the employ of the said John Chadwick, and WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of the
City of Manchester, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR TWISTING AND WINDING SILK
DIRECT FROM THE COCOONS, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE CLASS COMMONLY KNOWN
AS THROSTLES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in certain modes of obtaining the difference of
motion between the spindles and bobbins suitable for twisting and winding
silk direct from the cocoons, the process having been patented by the above-

page_text: named John Chadwick in conjunction with Thomas Dickens in One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Our first mode consists in passing the cord which communicates motion
from the tin drum to the spindles, in such a manner around the tin drum as
to admit of passing the same cord around a wharve fastened on the bobbin
tube, by which means motion is also imparted to the bobbin. The diameters
of these wharves is so proportioned as to twist the thread and wind it on the
bobbin.
Our second mode consists in passing the band communicating with the tin
roller round a wharve fastened on the bobbin tube, by which motion is
imparted to it. The bobbin tube is made wider than the thickness of the
spindle at its bottom end; this allows it to work eccentrically to the spindle
when the cord is pressing upon the wharve. On the bottom of the bobbin
tube a friction wheel is fastened, working internally upon another friction
wheel fastened on the spindle and imparting motion to it, differing from the
amount imparted to the bobbin tube in the proportion of the diameter of the
two wheels. The diameters of the wheels are proportioned to produce the
twist required, and to wind the thread on the bobbins. Carefully made
toothed wheels may be substituted for the friction ones. The internal friction
wheel may also be fastened on the spindle, and the external one upon the
bobbin tube.
Our third mode consists in mounting upon a shaft a series of friction plates,
whose surfaces are in contact with two friction wheels of equal diameter,
the one fastened on the bobbin tube, the other on the spindle. The friction
wheels are placed at such distances from the shaft as to receive the amount of
motion suitable for twisting and winding. Bevel wheels may be substituted
to turn either the spindles or bobbin tubes, while friction wheels are retained
to turn one of them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and William Robertson in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th October 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
CHADWICK, of the City of Manchester, Silk Manufacturer, ARTHUR ELLIOTT, of
West Houghton; in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of the
said John Chadwick, and WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of the City of Manchester,
Mechanician, send greeting..

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and William Robertson, Her special licence
that we, the said John Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and William Robertson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and William Robertson, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR TWISTING AND WINDING SILK
DIRECT FROM THE COCOONS, SUCH MACHINES BEING OF THE CLASS COMMONLY KNOWN
AS THROSTLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and William Robertson, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and
William Robertson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and description, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings (that is to say):
:-
The object of our Invention is to spin or twist and wind on bobbins silk
direct from the cocoons, the process having been patented by the above-named
John Chadwick and Thomas Dickens in One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three.
The general construction of the machines we employ, together with the
modes of attaching the flyers to the spindles and the bobbins to the telescopic
tubes, or the reverse, are in every respect the same as described in the
Specification of the above-named John Chadwick and Arthur Elliott, filed in
June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and do not require any
further description here.
By each of the methods we are about to describe we impart such difference
of motion to the spindles and bobbin tubes as may be necessary to put the
requisite spin or twist upon the silk as it is wound upon the bobbins. The

page_text: proportions given in the Drawings impart seventeen twists to one inch in length
of silk wound on a bobbin or spool of five-eighths of an inch in diameter.
In the first part of our Invention (see Fig. 1) this difference of motion is
imparted to the spindles and bobbin tubes in the following manner:-On the
spindle a is fastened the wharve b, and on the telescopic bobbin tube c is
fastened the wharve d, the latter being made larger or smaller in diameter
than the wharve 6 as may be required. The band f is passed twice round the
tin drum h, and round each of the wharves b and d. By this band f motion is
imparted both to the spindles and bobbin tubes in the proportion of the
diameters of the wharves 6 and d respectively. By the employment of one
band only, a regularity of result is secured, which could not be attained by the
use of two bands. The wharves & may be made cones, so as to be capable of
variation when required, as shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1.
In the second part of our Invention shewn in Figs. 2 and 3, the difference
of motion required between the spindles and the bobbin tubes is imparted as
follows: On the spindle a is fastened the friction wheel k, and on the lower
half of the telescopic bobbin tube c is fastened the wharve m, and also the
internal friction wheel n; the lower half of the telescopic tube is made so easy
on the spindle at the part to which the friction wheel n is fastened, as to allow
the internal surface of the friction wheel n to come into contact with the
surface of the friction wheel k fastened on the spindle. The difference of the
diameters of k and n respectively is proportioned to the twist required. The
band o is passed round the wharve m and tin drum h, and when sufficiently
tightened it presses the surface of the friction wheel n against the surface of
the friction wheel k fastened on the spindle, and thus imparts motion to each,
differing in amount according to the respective diameters of k and n. The
internal friction wheel may be made conical, so as to admit of variation when
required. And carefully made toothed wheels may be substituted for the
friction wheels k and n, as shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, which are drawn full size;
in this arrangement the wheel x may be cast with the wharve y and telescopic
tube c, and the internal wheel is fixed to the spindle a. The friction wheel
h, see Fig. 2, may also be made internal, and n external, if the spindle should
be required to move slower than the telescopic bobbin tube. The strap used
to impart motion to the spindles in the old form of throwing mills may be
adapted to impart motion to the spindles shewn and described in reference to
Figs. 1, 2, and 4.
In the third part of our Invention the difference of motion between the
spindles and bobbin tubes is obtained as follows:-On the line shaft p, see.
Figs. 6 and 7, is fastened a series of friction plates 7, and in contact with

page_text: these plates and moved by them are the friction wheels r, fastened on the
spindles a and s, fastened on the bobbin tubes c. When the friction wheels r
and s are of the same diameter, then their respective distances from the centre
of the shaft p is proportioned to the difference of motion required for twisting.
When the wheels r and s are of different diameters, as shewn in the Drawing,
and which we prefer, then the plates 9 must have their surfaces in contact
adjusted to the diameters of r and s. The friction wheel 7, and the portion of
the plate q in contact with it, may be exchanged for bevel wheels, as shewn in
Fig. 7, while q and s may remain in frictional contact, or 9 and s may be
exchanged for bevel wheels, while q and r remain in frictional contact; but as
either exchange will still leave the motion of the spindles and tubes capable
of variable adjustment, we regard this as a modification of our Invention.
One of the frictional surfaces in contact should be covered with leather,
paper, india-rubber or gutta percha, or other suitable material. Both surfaces
may be so covered, but we do not conceive it necessary.
Having now described the various parts of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as of our
Invention the modes above described, and any modification of the same,
whereby a difference of motion (capable of adjustment or variation as
described) is imparted to the spindles and bobbin tubes of the machines called
throstles, and by which difference of motion, whilst the silk is wound on
bobbins direct from cocoons, it receives any required amount of twist.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Chadwick, Arthur Elliott, and
William Robertson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
30 Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
JNO. CHADWICK.
ARTHUR ELLIOTT.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
WILLIAM ROBERTSON. (L.S.)