Improvements in Apparatus used in the Concentration of Sulphuric Acid.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification, Left, 4th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 16th Dec. 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus used in the Concentration of Sulphuric
Acid.
…. I, Ivan LevinSTEIN of "Hawkesmoor" Fallowfield, Manchester in the County
of Lancaster Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to such apparatus used in the concentration of sulphuric
acid as is described and illustrated in and by the Complete Specification and
drawings left by me with my application for Letters Patent No. 19213 dated the
26th day of October A.D. 1892.
$
In apparatus of this class the acid to be concentrated flows down through a
descending series of vessels which are exposed to external heat. The vessels are
constructed of glass, and the acid is led from the spout of one vessel into the
bottom of the next lower vessel through a glass tube in order to ensure the
complete circulation of the liquid.
I have found that owing to occasional violent ebullition of the liquid, the glass
conducting tubes become displaced, when the lighter acid from the upper vessel
flows into and over the surface of that in the lower vessel, and the utility of this
lower vessel is consequently impaired. Also, it sometimes happens that from the
same cause, the conducting tube is broken. Moreover, in the event of the flow of
the liquid becoming sluggish, as may happen from several causes, the acid instead
of dropping direct from the lip of the higher vessel into the tube in the next lower
vessel, creeps along the under side of the lip or spout, and thence down the side of
the vessel which is consequently broken.
For the purpose of avoiding these defects and the losses and annoyances which
result from them, I flatten the upper end of the tube, and cut away or notch one of
the flattened sides so that the notched or cut away part can embrace or fit upon
that part of the upper vessel against which it rests, immediately below the spout or
lip. Alternatively, the upper end of the tube may be moulded to fit correspondingly
without forming the notch or cut away part.
If the hot gases from the fire are allowed to impinge directly upon the glass
concentrating vessels, their local action tends to produce unequal heating effect and
unequal expansion and contraction which has to a large extent been reduced by
means of baffle plates, but breakages of the glasses still occur from this cause
although to a reduced extent. To still further diminish such breakages I cast
upon the basins in which the glasses are embedded, side wings which extend towards
the top of the vessel therein, on the sides exposed to the direct action of the hot
gases.
Dated this 3rd day of February A.D. 1902.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus used in the Concentration of Sulphuric
Acid.
I, IVAN LEVINSTEIN, of "Hawkesmoor" Fallowfield, Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to such apparatus used in the concentration of sulphuric
acid as is described and illustrated in and by the Complete Specification and
:drawings left by me with my application for Letters Patent No. 19,213 dated the
26th day of October A.D. 1892..
In apparatus of this class the acid to be concentrated flows down through a
descending series of vessels which are exposed to external heat. The vessels are
constructed of glass or other suitable material, and the acid is led from the spout of
one vessel into the bottom of the next lower vessel through a glass tube in order to
ensure the complete circulation of the acid.
I have found that owing to occasional violent ebullition of the acid, the glass
conducting tubes become displaced, when the lighter acid from the upper vessel
flows into and over the surface of that in the lower vessel, and the utility of this
lower vessel is consequently impaired. Also, it sometimes happens that from the
same cause the conducting tube is broken. Moreover, in the event of the flow of
the liquid becoming sluggish, as may happen from several causes, the acid instead
of dropping direct from the lip of the higher vessel into the tube in the next lower
vessel, creeps along the under side of the lip or spout, and thence down the side of
the vessel which is consequently broken by the action of the heat.
For the purpose of avoiding these defects and the losses and annoyances which
result from them, I flatten the upper end of each circulating tube and cut away or
notch one of the flattened sides so that the notched or cut away part can embrace
or fit upon that part of the upper vessel against which it rests, immediately below
the spout or lip. Alternatively, the upper end of the tube may be moulded, to fit.
correspondingly without forming the notch or cut away part..
'
If the hot gases from the fire are allowed to impinge directly upon the glass
concentrating vessels, their local action tends to produce unequal heating effects
and unequal expansion and contraction which has to a large extent been reduced by
baffle plates, but breakages of the glass still continue to occur from this cause
although only to a limited extent. To still further diminish the number of such
breakages, I cast upon the basins in which the glasses are embedded whilst in use,
side wings which extend towards the top of the vessel therein, on the sides exposed
to the direct action of the hot gases.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood I have appended a
sheet of drawings illustrating in what manuer I carry it into effect.
In these drawings :-
Figures 1, 2 and 3 represent my improved tube in front side and back elevation
respectively.
Figures 4 and 5 shew the modification of the tube in which one of the flattened
sides is moulded instead of being notched or cut away, both of the figures being
drawn to an enlarged scale and representing a back elevation and plan respectively.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of two of the concentrating vessels as arranged
when at work with the circulating tubes therein.
Figure 7 is a vertical section and Figure 8 a plan of the basin and its wings, the
section being taken at right angles to that shewn in Figure 6.
B indicates the basins in which the vessels V are embedded in sand or the like,
and which have the wings W W cast upon them. The circulating tubes F are

page_text: Hattened to an oval form at their upper ends, and may be notched as shewn at A
Figures 1, 2, and 3, or moulded with a depression as shewn by Figures 4 and 5.
It will be seen by reference to the lower vessel, Figure 6, that the circulating tube
therein rests against the wall of the higher vessel below its spout and that the
notch or depression A enables it to lie very closely to and partly embrace that.
vessel, so that if the acid merely dribbles, it is certain to be caught in the upper
end of the tube. It is obvious that the form of the tube where it rests against the
upper vessel is such that it cannot be made to roll or slide from its position under
the spout.
The wings W are of such a breadth as shewn by Figures 6 and 7, and by plan
in Figure 8, as to prevent the hot gases from the fire from impinging directly upon
the concentrating vessels. Between the vessels the wings are absent and at these
points the eddying hot gases may enter into contact with the glasses and thence
circulate between them and the wings.
The lower ends of the tubes F may also be notched to prevent their becoming
choked, as shewn at C.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I wish
it to be understood that I am aware of the Specification of Webb's Patent
No. 2343 A.D. 1891 and I make no claim in this Specification to anything
described and claimed therein, but what I claim is :-
1. In apparatus of the type set forth and used in the concentration of sulphuric
acid, circulating tubes having flattened upper ends one of which is notched or
depressed, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as'
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In apparatus of the type set forth used in the concentration of sulphuric acid,
circulating tubes each having a notch or an equivalent depression formed at its.
upper end, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
3. In apparatus of the type set forth, used in the concentration of sulphuric acid,.
metallic basins having vertical wings cast thereon, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 30th day of October A.D. 1893.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.