matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED SIGNAL APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1873.
I, WILLIAM HENDERSON, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED SIGNAL APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to call the attention of the engine
driver (also the guard if thought desirable) of a train in motion by
means of an audible signal to the danger signal when exhibited to view
and thereby to avoid the risk of collision in foggy or tempestuous
weather. To this end I propose to apply to the distant or the near signal
apparatus, or to both, a means of sounding automatically a bell carried
by the advancing engine whereby the engine driver will be warned that
the danger signal is "on."
The means which I employ will admit of variation, but in all cases the
principle of action will be substantially the same. To the signal wire
at any convenient part of its horizontal length I attach a chain which

page_text: after being laid round a chain pulley and secured thereto (to prevent
slipping) is made fast at both ends to the wire. This pulley is carried
by a transverse shaft set below the level of the railway, and affixed to the
shaft, say at the middle of the track, is a stop plate the position of which
will be horizontal so long as the line is "clear.” In the act however of
setting the signal at "danger" the signalman will through the signal
wire and the chain connected therewith give an axial motion to the
pulley and thereby lift the stop plate into a vertical position.
The bell with which the engine is furnished is mounted on a vertical
tubular support and its hammer is set in action by a pendent rod con- ]
tained within the tube. This rod terminates at bottom in a fishtail
piece in which two diagonal or diverging slots are made. This tail piece
is connected by two links to a rocking T piece mounted on the end of
the pendent tubular support and projecting as near to the ground as to
strike against the stop piece when raised to a vertical position. When
the T piece thus strikes against the stop piece it will be rocked by
reason of its connection with the bell bammer, the hammer will be set
in action upon the bell, and thus produce an audible signal. This result
will only occur when the danger signal is set, for at other times the stop
plate will offer no obstruction to the passing train.
AN IMPROVED AND ECONOMICAL METHOD OF USING STEAM, AIR, GAS, OR OTHER TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Heaton and
Charles Heaton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1873.
We, GEORGE WILLIAM HEATON, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law,
and CHARLES HEATON, of the City, County, and State of New York, in
the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED AND ECONOMICAL METHOD OF USING STEAM, AIR,
GAS, OR OTHER TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT," to be as follows:-
In our engine steam is used direct from the boiler in two single-
acting open-ended cylinders and one double-acting closed cylinder of
greater area.
It is an essential feature herein that the double-acting
closed cylinder shall be of such size or area that the steam entering it
from either one of the single-acting cylinders shall at the time of such
entering be expanded to such a pressure below that of the atmosphere
that the atmosphere acting on the open-ended single-acting cylinders
shall exert a greater force per square inch than is opposed to it.

page_text: We further utilize the principle of expansion in such a way that as
the exhaust steam from the small single-acting cylinders to the large
double-acting cylinder expands or "works down" the working atmo-
spheric pressure on the small open-ended cylinders increases in working
force.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE CUTTING OF COAL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hanson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1873.
I, CHARLES HANSON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE CUTTING OF COAL," to be as follows:-
-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the cutting of coal by
mechanical means.
In carrying out my Invention I apply the teeth or cutting surfaces to
the end of a cylinder or parts carried so as to rotate, and I impart the
desired rotatory motion to this carrying means by a pair of reciprocating
racks set in motion by any suitable power acting upon a pair of tooth
wheels, each of which has connected to it a ratchet or such like wheel,
and the teeth of each of these ratchet or such like wheels is taken into
by one or more clicks or drivers carried by an arm or arms affixed to the
axis of the carrying means, by which a continuous rotatory motion to
cut in a circular direction will be obtained.

page_text: The progressive forward motion is obtained by rack and pinion, or by
lever and weight, or such like means.
The cylindrical cut having been thus obtained, the cylinder of coal
may be separated by wedges driven into the cut, or by a few blows from
a hammer or such like means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES ADAPTED MORE PARTICULARLY FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Midgley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
March 1873.
I, CHARLES MIDGLEY, of Miles Platting, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES ADAPTED MORE PARTICULARLY FOR
DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to the fire-grates employed in
dwelling houses or in other buildings for cooking and warming purposes,
and has for its object to promote economy in the consumption of fuel in
such grates.
When carrying my said Invention into effect I fit a double or upper
and lower grating to the bottom of the fire-grate, the upper grate being
fitted to slide to and fro upon the lower grate, so that the slots, per-
forations, or air spaces in the upper grate may be caused to coincide
with the air spaces in the lower grate, or the said air spaces may be
contracted to any required extent or be altogether closed as may be

page_text: desired. I also so form and arrange a portion of the lower grate as that
it may be reciprocated, rocked, or rotated or partly rotated whenever it
is desirable to clear the ashes from the lower part of the fire-grate.
In some or in all cases I fit a box or drawer formed with a reticulated
or perforated bottom below the fire-grate, the said drawer projecting or
not projecting beyond the front of the grate, as may be desired. The
said drawer is fitted to slide out or to be readily withdrawn when cinders
and ashes have accumulated therein. After the said drawer has been
withdrawn a riddling movement imparted to it will readily eliminate the
ashes, and the remaining cinders can then be placed on the fire. The
said drawer may be used with a good effect in connection with ordinary
grates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'PROOFING HATS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Roberts, of Hyde, in the County of
Chester, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN 'PROOFING
HATS."
Felt
Sealed the 9th September 1873, and dated the 2nd July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1873.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'PROOFING'
FELT HATS," to be as follows:-
:-
In "proofing" felt hats by the ordinary process it is usual after planking
and stretching to neutralize any
acid that may remain in the body by
means of an alkali, and after dipping them in the "proofing" mixture
(composed of lac, thus, resin, borax, and soda), which is used in a cold
state, and then pressing out the superfluous "proofing" by means

page_text: of a board, the bodies are then dried in a stove which frequently destroys
the nature of the lac and burns and spoils the bodies.
My Invention consists principally in using an acid to prepare the
bodies and then employing the ordinary "proofing" mixture hot instead
of cold. By these means the stoving of the bodies after proofing is
dispensed with, and thus not only are time and labor economized but
the "
'proofing" is more durable and perfect, and the bodies are not
liable to injury from overheating of the stove.
To prepare bodies for "proofing " I take about six or eight dozen
hat bodies previously planked and stretched and place them in a kettle
containing about one-quarter of a pound of sulphuric acid to six gallons
of water for light goods, and about three or four times the quantity for
dark goods. This neutralizes the soap used in planking and prepares
the bodies to receive the "proof." I then remove them from this acid
bath and put them through rollers to squeeze out the liquid, and
afterwards dry them by steam heat or in a stove if for planking hard
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1873.-A communication from abroad by Theophilus
Tucker, of Oakland, California, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOOTS AND SHOES," a communication, to be as follows:-
-
These improvements relate to the manufacture of boots and shoes; the
leather is rendered waterproof by the following process:-I skive the
insole, place it upon the last and sew the inseam; I then coat with a
mixture composed of six parts of coal tar and one of linseed oil boiled
together so as to present a tough consistency, I then level up and coat
the surface with the same mixture, I then skive, hammer, and fit the
out sole and coat the flesh side and place it upon the shoe and attach it
in the usual way, thus rendering the bottom of the shoe water-tight and
waterproof. I then prepare and construct a spring heel as follows:-
Having formed the heel in the usual way I bore a hole as large as
the size of the heel will permit and deep enough to receive an india-

page_text: rubber or other spring, I then place the spring in this cavity for a plate
to rest upon, the said plate is composed of metal, vulcanite, or other
suitable material and conforms to the shape of the insole from the hollow
of the foot to the back part of the heel. It is so attached as to present
an even surface for the foot to rest upon at the point of attachment.
Above this plate is a light leather sole lining. By this arrangement I
avoid the concussion produced by walking on hard pavements and
otherwise render the step elastic and comfortable and pleasant in
effect.
The said improvements further relate to constructing a button shoe
as follows:-I prepare a button, hook, or other projection such as may
be most convenient for buttoning, and attach the same to a broad base
prepared with points which may be punched from the base, I pass this
button through a strip of leather or suitable fabric, so that the said
points penetrate the same and are clenched, thereby attaching the
button firmly. From the strip so formed I cut a suitable length for a
shoe and place the same between the lining and the upper leather of the
shoe the buttons projecting through the same; I then sew around the
button hole. The broad base holds the button solidly and it is not liable
to be torn off.
I provide the boot with an elastic strip to allow the lap to stretch
sufficiently for buttoning with ease. It is also easy upon the foot and
preserves the fit of the same
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNAL BOXES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Franklin Shearman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th February 1873.-A communication from abroad by John
Alexander Montgomery, of Millburn, New Jersey, United States of
America.
I, HENRY FRANKLIN SHEARMAN, of Martin County, Minnesota,
United States of America, but at present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOURNAL BOXES,” (a communication) to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention for improvements in journal boxes is to
construct journal boxes or "brasses" of such shape and form that they
will adapt themselves in their bearings to the centre of the shaft or
journal so that if the bearings are out of truth, and thereby the shaft or
journal runs irregularly or has a "wabbling" motion, the journal boxes
or "brasses "will adapt themselves to the said inaccuracy, thus obviating
the liability to break the shaft or journal through undue strain.
A journal box or "brass" constructed according to this Invention is
formed in the shape of a sphere or segment of a sphere, the shaft passing

page_text: through its centre. This sphere or segment of a sphere fits into a cup,
cups, or concaves formed in the block or bearing and cover carrying the
journal box. The sphere or segment of a sphere forming the journal box
or "brass" is prevented from revolving with the shaft or journal by a
pin and slot or their equivalent. This pin is fitted on the under side of
the sphere and takes into a slot in the block or bearing. This pin and
slot are arranged so as to give the journal box or "brass" sufficient
universal play to allow for any inaccuracy or "wabbling" in the shaft.
carried or in the journal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING, BORING, SLOTTING, AND WHEEL CUTTING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1878.
I, GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DRILLING, BORING, SLOTTING, AND WHEEL CUTTING," to be as
follows:-
•
My improvements in drilling and boring machinery consist in
applying a pitched chain and pulley to the horizontal screw in the
radial arm for turning the said screw when elevated beyond the reach of
the attendant.
Another part of my improvements in drilling is applicable to drilling
slots, and it consists in an apparatus for reversing the motion suddenly
at each end of the traverse. The article to be operated upon is moved
to and fro by a screw in the ordinary manner, and to the drilling spindle
is fixed an eccentric, which actuates a double pawl, this pawl comes in

page_text: contact at each end of the stroke with a catch on the traverser, thereby
instantly reversing the motion.
My improvements in slotting machinery consist in mounting the
upper portion of the machine carrying the slotting bar on an adjustable
ram, which can be raised and lowered by worm, worm wheel, and screw,
so as to vary the height of the cutting tool to the shape and size of the
object to be slotted.
My improvements in wheel cutting machines consist in a com-
bination of the drilling or boring applied for the purpose of cutting
teeth in wheels; in mounting the cutters on two movable headstocks;
each cutter acts on opposite sides of the wheel to be cut, thus cutting
two teeth at the same time. The headstocks are moved to and fro by an
eccentric or crank, and they are made to approach and recede from
each other by screws and ratchet wheels; the wheel to be cut is fixed
on the ordinary dividing spindle of the wheel-cutting machine.
I use ordinary circular cutters or small revolving cutters in the form
of a drill corresponding in size to the shape of the teeth.
The machine may be double acting, as described, or single acting.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR TREATING, IMPREGNATING, AND COATING WOOD 50 AS TO PRESERVe and Render it IMPERVIOUS TO WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hockley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1873.
I, WILLIAM HOCKLEY, of 26, Bloomsbury Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “A
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR TREATING, IMPREGNATING, AND COATING WOOD
50 AS TO PRESERVe and Render it IMPERVIOUS TO WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS,” to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of a composition for
treating, impregnating, and coating wood so as to render it impervious
to water and other fluids, being particularly applicable for treating or
impregnating the interior of casks, vats, or other hollow vessels made of
wood, to render them impervious to the action of the malt liquor or other
fluids they are required to contain. For this purpose I take by pre-
ference what is generally known as "paraffine wax," and purify and
refine it by boiling as is well understood, or other refined wax may be
employed. To this material I add by preference gum anemie and gum
galguminum in the proportions of about one ounce each to seven pounds

page_text: of paraffine, which proportions may be varied according to the purpose
for which the composition is required. The above ingredients are boiled
by preference in an iron boiler for five or six hours, or until thoroughly
incorporated together so as to convert them into a comparatively hard
varnish when cold. About the same proportion of gum copal or other
suitable gum may be combined with the above ingredients for some
purposes, if desired, in which the purity of the varnish is not important.
The casks or other hollow wooden vessels to be treated or impregnated
with this improved varnish or composition are first thoroughly cleansed
(unless new), and then stoved to render them sufficiently dry, and whilst
hot a quantity of the melted varnish or composition is poured into them,
wrinced round, then poured out and left to drain.
Wood or articles made of wood are impregnated by immersion in the
melted composition, or if required the melted composition may be forced
into the pores of the wood under pressure, as is well understood when 1
impregnating wood with other fluids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Endre Sivertson Berg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patent, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1873.
I, ENDRE SIVERTSON BERG, of Exeter, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to shuttle or lock stitch sewing machines, and
consists of certain improvements in the needle actuating mechanism,
whereby the machine may be worked quicker than tho ordinary
reciprocating shuttle sewing machines, and the needle cam made much
smaller, thus rendering the machine more compact. The said improve-
ments also comprise an improved shuttle for sewing machines.
According to my Invention I combine together in a shuttle machine
a straight needle, a bent lever arm working on centres or pivots close to
the surface of the table or cloth plate, and a peculiar needle cam. By
pivotting the needle arm as close as practicable to the needle actuating
cam, that is to say, close down upon the cloth plate, below the elbow or
bend of the said arm, I am enabled to obtain the requisite throw of the

page_text: needle, with a much smaller cam than heretofore. The said cam is of
the usual cylindrical form, and has its groove specially formed to produce
the requisite rise and fall of the needle, which is first caused to descend,
then to rise slightly to form the loop for the passage of the shuttle, then
to pause or dwell long enough for the shuttle to pass through the said
loop, and finally to rise clear of the fabric. As the needle arm is bent,
and works on a centre below the elbow or bend, there exists a con-
siderable amount of cross play between the end of the lever, and the
needle slide, which is allowed for by having a long slot in the end of the
lever, or by making such lever telescopic.
In the improved shuttle for my improved sewing machine, or for other
sewing machines using reciprocating shuttles, I regulate the tension by
means of an adjustable screw at the heel of the shuttle, which bears
upon a spring, which presses upon the end of the axis of the thread spool
putting more or less friction thereon, such shuttle having only one hole
for the passage of the thread in lieu of several, as in the ordinary
shuttles. In order to prevent the thread from becoming entangled
round the axis of the shuttle spool, I cover or conceal such axes by
inclosing the flange at one end of the spool, within a recess in the heel
of the shuttle, and covering or protecting the flange at the opposite end
by means of the hinged side of the shuttle, which may also be more or
less recessed to receive the rim of the flange. By this means the shuttlo
thread cannot possibly escape over the end flanges of the shuttle spool,
and hence breakages of the shuttle thread are in a great measure
obviated.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND USE OF AIR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th February 1873.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of High Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND USE OF AIR FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates firstly to increasing the relative proportion
of oxygen to the nitrogen in any given quantity of air by passing the air
under pressure, or otherwise, through water or any other suitable liquid
that will absorb a greater proportion of oxygen than of nitrogen, and
then recovering the air thus oxygenized from the water by a pump or
other suitable means. The oxygenized air thus obtained is stored for
use as required in a suitable holder, whence it is conveyed by pipes to
such places as it may be required for use, where it is passed through a
suitable hydrocarbon liquid, such as benzol or petroleum spirit, the
vapour of which it takes up or becomes impregnated with, and thus

page_text: becomes converted into inflammable gas or vapour suitable for lighting
or heating purposes.
The apparatus employed for oxygenizing the air as above described
consists in a simple form of a vessel of any convenient size and shape,
but by preference of a vertical cylindrical form, in which are made to
turn on a vertical axis two or more series of horizontal arms, cach
series turning in an opposite direction to the other so as to keep the
water contained in the vessel constantly stirred, and thus cause the
air passing through it to be thoroughly mixed therewith.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING METAL TUBES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Garrett, of Coatbridge, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Ironworker, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING METAL TUBES."
Sealed the 19th August 1873, and dated the 10th June 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Garrett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1873.
I, GEORGE GARRETT, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ironworker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING METAL TUBES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to dispense with the extra trouble,
delay, and expence required in the ordinary operation of making metal
tubes in order to remove the fins formed in rolling the tubes on being

page_text: welded. The fins are formed by semicircularly grooved rolls placed with
their axes horizontal, and which are driven so as to pass the tube
through between them.
By the present Invention an additional pair of rolls is provided for the
tube to pass through immediately on issuing from between the ordinary
rolls, and these additional rolls are placed with their axes vertical or
at right angles to the others so that the middles of the grooves of the
second pair bear on the parts of the tube which were near the edges of
the first pair.
The grooves of the first pair of rolls do not as hitherto present
complete semicircles in cross section, but have the corners chamfered or
rounded off so as to have no tendency to form fins.
The second pair of rolls are also by preference formed without the
corners, and these rolls are by preference not driven like the others, but
turn by the simple friction of the tube being mounted on fixed studs or
with journals running loosely in bearings.
The second pair of rolls are also made as small as can be conveniently
managed, and are placed as close as possible to the first pair.
When three or four rolls are used for the welding operation (each
with a third or quarter circle groove) a similar finishing set must be
arranged for the tube to pass through afterwards, or in the case of four
welding rolls there may be two pairs of semicircularly grooved finishing
rolls, the tube passing through one pair after the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Zingler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1878.-A. communication from abroad by Erwin Dubsky,
of Lissitz, in the Empire of Austria.
I, HENRY ZINGLER, of No. 22, Weaver's Hall, Basinghall Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to construct carriage lamps in such a
manner that in addition to throwing the light forward as heretofore a
stream of light may also be thrown downwards on to the step of the
carriage, or on to any other part required to be illuminated. For this
purpose in place of forming the lamp with a flat metal plate at the
bottom and vertical sides as heretofore, the parts of such sides and
bottom, or one or the other which interfere with the light passing down
in a straight line to the step or other part of the carriage are removed,
and the opening so formed is glazed with a lens of glass placed at right
angles to the line between the step or other part and the flame of the
lamp.

page_text: If the step or other part of the carriage to be illuminated is behind
the lamp a portion of the lower part of the reflector at the back of. the
lamp, and the back part of the bottom plate is thus cut. away, and an
inclined glass lens introduced; or if the step or part to be illuminated
be in front of the lamp then the lower portion of the front glass and
the front of the bottom plate is thus cut away; or the lamp might be
similarly formed to throw light downwards to both sides, or on to a step
both in front of and behind it, or on both sides at once.
The lamp may be so constructed that the stream or streams of light
thus thrown downwards from it shall be continuous; or they may by a 1
slide be shut off except at such times as they are required to be shwen.
This slide can be opened either by hand or by mechanism in connection.
with the door, or passing to the coachman's seat.
AN IMPROVED SPARK CATCHER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William. Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Karl
Boschan, of Vienna, Austria.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SPARK CATCHER FOR
STEAM BOILERS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus arranged inside the smoke box
of steam boilers for the purpose of arresting the sparks that would
otherwise be thrown out of the funnel by the draft. It is especially
adapted for boilers working high-pressure engines such as locomotives
and portable engines. It consists in a round, quadrangular, or otherwise
conveniently shaped spark receptacle of iron, fire-clay, or other suitable
material, which is preferably made wider at the top and is designed to
be placed under the funnel or chimney. The latter is lengthened
downwards into the open top of the aforesaid receptacle in a manner
which will conveniently allow of putting the different parts into their´
place, The bottom end of the funnel and also the top of the spark

page_text: receptacle are by preference made rectangular, and between the two
there must be a free space for the draft. Inside the rectangular end of
the funnel a roof-shaped plate is fixed, from the top angle of which a
partition plate extends vertically downward. The roof shape of the
foregoing plate is however not essential, as the same may be horizontal, 5
curved, or otherwise shaped, or the said partition plate may be dispensed
with. Between the roof shaped or other formed plate and the bottom
of the funnel the necessary free area for the draft is also to be
provided for.
In convenient places doors for cleaning out the apparatus may be 1
arranged.
The combustion gases coming from the tubes or the flues of the boiler
enter the aforesaid spark catcher in assuming a downward direction,
the area for the draft then increasing inside the spark receptacle there
will be a momentary decrease of the speed of the same and a change in :
the direction of the draft takes place, consequently the particles of coal
forming the sparks will fall down directly into the bottom of the
spark receptacle, or they will be thrown against the division plate
or under the roof shaped plate and from there will fall to the bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: RPOVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Bullock at the Office of
the Commissioners for Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1873.
I, ALFRED BULLOCK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mill Sawyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to prevent the accumulation of
sediment and the formation of incrustation in steam boilers.
My Invention is especially applicable to steam boilers having a
cylindrical figure, but my said Invention may be applied to boilers
having other shapes.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a cylindrical boiler. In
the axis of the boiler is a spindle or shaft capable of a rotary motion in
bearings at the ends of the boiler, the said spindle or shaft projecting
through a stuffing box at one end of the boiler. This spindle or shaft
carries a series of pairs of disks of somewhat smaller diameter than

page_text: the boiler. The disks of each pair are provided on their inner faces
with three or other number of equidistant radial slots. Between the
disks of each pair is a series of three or other number of vanes or
scrapers, the said vanes or scrapers being parallel to the shaft, and each
vane or scraper being supported at its ends in two of the radial slots in
the opposed disks. The engagement of each vane or scraper is by means
of its rear or hind parts, which are of greater length than the outer or
acting portions, which rear or hind parts take into the radial slots
described. The said vanes or scrapers are capable of moving towards or
from the spindle or shaft.
By means of a winch or by other convenient method of driving, a slow
rotary motion is given to the spindle or shaft, and the vanes or scrapers
are thus made to traverse with a sliding action the lower cylindrical
part of the boiler. When the vanes or scrapers are raised by the
rotation of the spindle to the upper part of the boiler, they slide by their
weight towards the spindle, again sliding outwards when they are
brought to the lower half of the boiler. The said vanes or scrapers are
thus made to scrape the bottom of the boiler by being carried around
the said bottom, the said vanes or scrapers being pressed against the
bottom by their own weight, so that they can accommodate themselves
to any inequalities or any irregularity in the curve of the boiler.
Depressions are made at the required points in the vanes or scrapers to
cause them to pass rivets.
By means of suitable openings in the boiler the mud or sediment
which has been prevented from forming an incrustation by the vanes or
scrapers may be drawn off.
Steam boilers provided with my Invention can be rapidly cleaned out
IT
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE USED FOR BASTING MEAT WHILST ROASTING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Samuel Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1873.
I, JOB SAMUEL JONES, of the Firm of Jones Brothers, of Soho, in tho
County of Middlesex, Roasting Jack and Coffee Roaster Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE USED FOR BASTING MEAT WHILST ROASTING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved and simple apparatus or means to
be used for basting meat and other viands whilst roasting.
In carrying my Invention into effect, and in order to actuate or work
my improved basting apparatus, I attach a toothed quadrant to the verge
of an ordinary self-acting bottle jack employed for turning the meat, the
jack being placed in the centre of the top of the roasting screen, and I
gear with the said quadrant a small toothed pinion on a spindle which.
has it bearings cither in two supports fixed to the screen or in one
support with its other end working in the rear of the jack casing. To
the outer end of the spindle I attach a small arm or crank, which by

page_text: means of a connecting rod communicates the motion, imparted from the
jack to the quadrant and its spindle, to another arm or crank suitably
attached to a second spindle which has its bearing at the rear of the
screen, and has secured to it inside the latter a counterbalanced spoon or
ladlo or such like receptacle for the basting fluid, which by the motion
imparted by the means described from the jack is caused alternately to
fall and dip in a well at the rear of the screen in which the gravy or
basting fluid accumulates, and to rise filled therewith and deliver it into
a suitable perforated or other receptacle above the meat, from which
it drips or otherwise falls down on the meat suspended from the
jack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antonio Augusto Rodrigues
de Bastos at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd May 1873.
I, ANTONIO AUGUSTO RODRIGUES DE BASTOs, of 67, Strand, in the City
of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ADVERTISING," to be as follows:-
These improvements have for their object the rendering advertisements
more conspicuous, and the trades, professions, addresses, and names of
people to be more readily found. They consist in preparing maps of
any city, district, or county, and dividing them into squares or sections
and distinguishing such squares or sections by numbers or letters
referring to corresponding numbers or letters placed in a list of trades,
professions, or names, or in referring the advertisement of any trade,
profession, name, or business individually by such numbers, letters, or
signs to the corresponding square or section of the map. The Invention
can be explained thus:-Suppose a person living in Oxford Street wishes
to find a surgeon; he finds that he lives in, say, section 100 of the map;

page_text: he then looks for No. 100 in the list of professions and finds the
addresses of one or more surgeons living immediately near him. Suppose
he wishes to ascertain the whereabouts of a business advertised, he looks
at the number of the section of the map placed in the advertisement,
and by such number or any other sign of reference he finds directly
the section or part of the town wherein the said business is situated.
The improvements can be performed by preparing maps and referring
the advertisements directly to such maps, or by referring the maps to
the advertisements or other matters presented to the public in the shape
of a directory, or a newspaper, list of trades, or in any other form.
Great benefit and commercial advantage would be derived by using the
improved mode of advertising, as those who read advertisements would
be enabled to see easily and at a glance in the map the business, name,
or address advertised, saving thereby much time and very often tedious
inquiries; whilst those who advertise would be enabled to call more
attention to their business and by that means extend their operations.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OIL OR LUBRICANT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cockshott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1873.
I, RICHARD COCKSHOTT, of Bradford, in the County of York, General
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED OIL OR LUBRICANT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an oil or lubricant specially adapted
for wool prior to its being combed, and generally for admixture with
fibres requiring oiling or lubricating in the preparing stages of manu-
facture.
The oil I make as follows :—!
-To one gallon of water I add two
ounces of Irish moss and two ounces of "Newcastle soda;" this
admixture I boil for about twenty minutes, and then add one gallon of
Gallipoli or rape oil, which on stirring the whole becomes thoroughly
incorporated and is an oil or mixture admirably adapted for use on
fibres, and is likewise non-inflamable and unaffected by the action of frost
or cold.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC BEDS, SEATS, AND OTHER SUPPORTS OR CUSHIONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clara Thomson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 29th May
1873. A communication by my late husband Robert William
Thomson, formerly of Edinburgh, to be as follows:-
I, CLARA THOMSON, of the City of Edinburgh, North Britain, Widow,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELASTIC BEDS, SEATS, AND OTHER SUPPORTS OR CUSHIONS," (a communication
to me by my late husband, Robert William Thomson, formerly of
Edinburgh,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved combination of parts, which
may be advantageously adopted in making elastic beds, seats, and other
supports or cushions.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification, a surface
is formed by combining together a number of hexagonal pieces of wood.
or other suitable material, each piece having a spindle projecting down
from it. The spindles pass through holes in a bottom board or plate, and
helical wire springs are placed on them so as to be compressed between
the hexagonal pieces and the bottom board, whilst the height to which
the springs can raise the hexagonal pieces is limited by cross pins fixed

page_text: in the spindles beneath the board. The hexagonal pieces are of small
size, say, about an inch and a half in diameter, or smaller, and the springs
are made of such moderate strength and such extent of action that
when the pieces become depressed unequally by the person resting on or
against them, they adapt themselves to the form without reacting with
any appreciably unequal pressure. The pieces instead of being hexagonal
may be made of square or other forms or combinations of forms that will
combine to produce a complete surface, and if required the pieces may
be of sizes varying from those above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Davies and Thomas
John Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of, Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th September 1873.
We, EDWARD DAVIES and THOMAS JOHN WALKER, both of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER
OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel form of apparatus to be used for
heating the feed water of land and marine boilers, and it is also appli-
cable to the boilers of locomotives.
The apparatus consists of a length or lengths of wrought or cast metal
pipe arranged in the form of a scroll coil.
In the case of land boilers this scroll coil is placed vertically in the
flue formed by the brickwork outside the boiler, or in other suitable
position, and so that the waste heat comes in contact with the scroll.
The feed water pipe from the pumps runs by preference vertically down
the side of the scroll coil, and is connected to the scroll coil at the
bottom thereof. From the top of the scroll coil a pipe is led into

page_text: the boiler discharging the feed water as usual at the bottom of the
boiler.
The scroll coil may be set in the flue between two vertical plates
which serve as guides to a scries of scrapers or soot cleaners; these
scrapers are to clear the scroll coil pipe of soot or other extraneous 5
matters.
The scrapers may be worked by a vertical rod passing up through the
brickwork, and actuated occasionally by hand, or by an eccentric, cam,
or by a lever and crank motion, or other suitable mechanical appliance.
In the case of marine boilers this scroll coil pipe may be placed 1
in the combustion chamber at the back of the furnace, as will bo well
understood.
In the case of locomotives the scroll coil may be placed horizontally
in the chamber under the funnel or chimney, as will be well understood.
The feed water from the pumps coming in at the same level as the top 1
of the scroll the water passes through the scroll coil without additional
force being exerted. It is heated in its passage through the scroll pipe
by the scroll pipe being exposed to the waste heat in the fluc, and the
water passes into the boiler a heated feed. The scrapers meanwhile
clear the scroll pipo of soot and other obstructing particles, the soot 2
falling down into a soot box or chamber below, from whence it can
be removed through a suitable door in the brickwork of the flue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Muir Hetherington and
John Oldfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th November 1873.
We, JOHN MUIR HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and JOHN OLDFIELD, of the same Place,
Foreman Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:―
"
Our Invention refers to that part of the mule commonly known as
the "nosing peg," and consists in an arrangement whereby it is regulated
in position for the purpose of acting upon the winding-on chain, for
which purpose we employ a ratchet wheel carried by the "radial arm,"
which, being turned by the ordinary motion thereof, shifts the position
of the said nosing peg.
The arrangement of mechanism we propose to employ is as follows:-
The "nosing peg" is mounted so as to be capable of turning upon a
centre, and is provided with a toothed quadrant capable of being driven
by a worm upon a shaft turning in bearings carried by the radial arm,

page_text: and provided at its other end with a ratchet wheel and driver. A
weighted lever by turning upon its centre gives a certain amount of
motion to the driver at each motion of the radial arm, thereby causing
the worm to drive the quadrant and adjust the position of the nosing
peg.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR FASTENINGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wheeler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1873.
I, JAMES WHEELER, of the Poultry, in the City of London, Glove
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of parts forming a
button or fastener, applicable to all purposes for which ordinary buttons
are employed.
In place of forming the button of one piece of metal, the outer portion
of the disc is made of a separate piece of metal, which is fitted on and
revolves round the inner portion of the button, so that in fastening the
outer portion will revolve and allow the cloth or other material to be
fastened to be more easily put into its place than it can be by buttons
as at present manufactured.

page_text: This button or fastening can be made of any material, and buttons so
made will last much longer than those ordinarily used from the fact that
the portion where the wear occurs is being constantly changed, and
presents constantly varying surfaces in place of the same surfaces as in
ordinary buttons.
AN Improvement IN SMELLING BOTTLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Philippi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1873.
I, FREDERIC PHILIPPI, of Rue Richelieu, No. 19, Paris, Jeweller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN Improvement
IN SMELLING BOTTLES," be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide means for hermetically
closing smelling bottles, and I effect this by means of two plates fitting
truly one upon the other, and each formed with two holes diametrically
opposite. One of the plates is capable of being rotated on its axis so
that by making the holes in the two plates face each other the bottle is
opened, and by making the full parts of one plate face the holes of the
other part the bottle is hermetically closed.
The manner in which I carry my Invention into effect is as
follows: To the top of the bottle I screw on a threaded collar, which
has formed in a piece with it a fixed plate provided with two holes at
diametrically opposite points; in the centre of this plate is a nut or
female screw, in which a small male screw is inserted to form the axis

page_text: upon which an upper and movable plate turns. This upper plate is
likewise provided with two holes at diametrically opposite points. To
move the upper plate on its axis the head of the bottle is turned partly
round by hand; this head carries two inner pins which take into
notches in the edge of the movable plate. Two other pins fitted
to the head take into a groove on the threaded collar and retain
the head on this collar while they at the same time by coming against
stops in the groove limit the travel of the head to a quarter revolution.