Improvements in connection with Pipes for the Conveyance of Water and other Freezable Liquids to Prevent Bursting in Time of Frost.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Pipes for the Conveyance of
Water and other Freezable Liquids to Prevent Bursting in Time
of Frost.
I, GEORGE PARKER BIDDER Q.C. of Palace Chambers, 9 Bridge Street,
Westminster, in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The bursting of a water pipe in time of frost is caused, as is well known, by
the expansion of the water when freezing.
According to my present invention prevent such bursting of the pipes by
combining therewith an inner pipe of smaller diameter made of elastic material,
or preferably, a series of comparatively short cylinders of such elastic material,
closed at the ends, such inner pipe or cylinders being filled with air at ordinary
atmospheric pressure, or at a pressure proportionate to that of the water in the
pipes. When cylinders are employed, these are provided with eyes or other
means of attachment at the ends, so that they may be connected together in a
longitudinal direction so as to form a continuous chain of cylinders within the
supply pipe.
When the temperature falls to freezing point, the more or less free expansion of
the ice is provided for by causing it to compress the air cylinders, which are so
adjusted in diameter as to enable them to take up the whole expansion due to the
freezing of the water in the supply pipe, without permitting the pressure to rise
above a safe limit.
The advantage of using separate cylinders of short length over the continuous
pipe consists in that if an accidental perforation or leakage of a cylinder should
occur, this merely puts that particular cylinder out of action, instead of permitting
the whole pipe to be filled with water and rendered useless.
It will be evident that my invention is equally applicable in connection with
pipes for conveying other freezable liquids, besides water.
Dated this 12th day of May 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Pipes for the Conveyance of
Water and other Freezable Liquids to Prevent Bursting in Time
of Frost.
I, GEORGE PARKER BIDDER Q.C. of Palace Chambers, 9, Bridge Street,
Westminster, in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The bursting of a water pipe in time of frost is caused by the expansion of the
water when it freezes.
It has been proposed to provide against such bursting of a pipe by introducing
into it a smaller internal pipe of elastic material such as caoutchouc charged
with air but when such a pipe is employed in a continuous length there is a risk
of its being rendered ineffective by an accidental perforation or by imperfect
Price 877

page_text: closure of the ends allowing escape of air from it and admission of water into
it or into a part of it.
According to my invention, I provide against this risk by dividing the elastic
pipe into a number of sections having no communication with each other.
These may be cylinders or short lengths of pipes inflated and closed at the ends,
which may if desired be linked or otherwise connected to one another.
Or, instead of making these as separate sections, they may be formed by dividing
a continuous length of pipe by partitions, or by constricting the pipe at suitable
intervals by means of wires or other binders. In order to suit various water
pressures in the service pipe, the sections may be charged with air at corre-
sponding pressures, or they may be made larger in diameter the greater the water
pressure to which they are subjected, so as to be compressed to a greater extent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :--
In combination with a pipe conveying water or other congealable liquid, a series
of internal elastic cylinders or short lengths of elastic pipe or an internal elastic
pipe made in sections or divided into sections, the same being charged with air,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 27th day of January 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.