matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED GAS EXTINGUISHER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hoppe Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
JOHN HOPPE WILSON, of 5, Duncan Terrace, Islington, Agent. "AN IMPROVED
GAS EXTINGUISHER."
In a small oblong clock case I fix the works of an ordinary lever clock
movement, & across this case a drum or barrell about an inch in diameter &
four inches long; this barrell is fitted with a common pawl & ratchett wheel;.
this pawl check or lever is connected. with the clock so that at certain intervals
the check is removed from the, ratchett wheel and permits the drum to unwind a
piece of string or gut. One end of this piece of string or gut is fastened to the drum
or roller and the other end to the key on the gas meter; this key or handle is
weighted, say, with a four pound weight. The drum is then wound up with a
handle or key, this winds the string or gut up and so rises the key on the meter
& turns the gas on. Now when the clock arrives at the hour desired it releases
the check on the drum & the weighted key on the meter pulling the end of the
string or gut causes the drum to unwind and thus shuts the gas off from the house.
So it will be seen that if a person wishes to have the gas shut out of the house at
any hour, they have merely to set the clock similar to an alarm clock, and at the
appointed time the drum is thus released and unwinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE CURTAINS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Steiger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1879.
JACOB STEIGER, of the Firm of Steiger and Company, of Herisan, Switzerland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE CURTAINS."
This Invention consists in manufacturing curtains having all the beauty of fine
design of the Nottingham lace curtain combined with the richness produced by
the tamboured applique net curtain as manufactured in Switzerland; but by the
present Invention the said curtains may be produced at a greatly reduced cost to
Swiss tambour applique net curtains, and far superior to the Nottingham lace
curtain. In order to effect the above I take a lace curtain as made in Nottingham
(of a pattern suited for the aforesaid combination), and upon that part where it is
desired to produce the pattern in relief I apply Jacconet muslin or other suitable
material, and tambour or chain stitch on the said muslin round the pattern or
design, after which the muslin outside the said pattern or design is cut away, thus
producing a new combination of a Swiss tambour applique and a Nottingham lace
curtain. By this Invention it is not necessary to mark the design on the muslin,
as the pattern on the lace curtain will be seen through the muslin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAnufacture of PHOSPHATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1879.
SIDNEY GILCHRIST THOMAS, of 3, Queen's Road Villas, Wandsworth Road,
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAnufacture of PHOSPHATES."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of phosphates from the calcareous slag
produced when treating phosphoretic pig-iron in converters or furnaces lined with
calcareous or magnesian bodies with large additions of lime. After crushing and
grinding this slag and separating any shots of iron with a magnet or otherwise, I
treat it with hydrochloric acid. After digesting for some time with agitation, the
solution is filtered through a suitable filter press, and the gelatinous residue of
silica washed. The solution and washings are evaporated to dryness.
The
resulting mass is then heated at a very low temperature in kilns or revolving
calciners, so as to drive off any free acid remaining (a little lime may be added to
neutralise the free acid) and render the phosphate insoluble, while the heat should
not be high enough to decompose the chlorides of iron and manganese to any
considerable extent. The mass is then washed with a little water at the time, till
the calcic chloride and the chlorides of iron and manganese are washed out. The
undissolved mass will consist of a highly concentrated basic phosphate, which may
be sold as such, or converted into superphosphate in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS 'IN WHEELS AND
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Hora at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 28th March 1879.
ERNEST HORA, of 252, Camberwell Road.
BOXES."
"IMPROVEMENTS 'IN WHEELS AND
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of fixing axle boxes within
the stocks or bosses of wheels of vehicles, whereby such axle boxes are more securely
held in their place than by the methods hitherto employed.
For this purpose I insert the axle box within the stock in the usual way, so that
one end comes flush with the inside face of the stock, the other and screwed end
being provided with a shoulder which is made to come flush with the exterior faco
of the stock, the screwed portion projecting beyond such shoulder outwards. I then
fix a flange or flat ring plate to each of the faces of the stock, so as to bear the one
against the inside face of the stock and end or rim of the axial box, and the other
against the outside face of the stock and the outer end or rim of the axial box. I
hold the flanges or ring plates firmly in position by screw bolts passing through
the said flanges or flat ring plates and stock, and tightened up by means of screw
nuts, thus keeping the axle box securely in its place between the two flat ring
plates.
I make the bore or opening in the flange or ring plates at the inside face of the
stock slightly larger than the internal diameter of the axle box so as to present no
impediment to the insertion of the axle within the box, and at the outside face just
large enough to pass freely over the screwed portion of the axial box to the shoulder
on the same, against which it is tightened.
The outside face of the stock may be made by recessing out the said stock just
so much as will allow of a proper sized flange to enter and bed equally against the
stock and the shoulder on the axle box, or such outside face may be made flat
across the whole of its diameter according to varying requirements.
MENTS IN CALENDAR OR DATE RECKONERS." IMPROVE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar James Perkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1879.
OSCAR JAMES PERKINS, of Rock Ferry, in the County of Chester.
MENTS IN CALENDAR OR DATE RECKONERS."
IMPROVE-
The Invention relates to a date reckoner intended to indicate the number of days
from any date to any other date within a period of 365 days, and consists in com-
bining a row of successive numbers from 1 to 364 with a row of consecutive dates
from the first of January to the 31st of December in such a manner that any
number of the first row may be brought opposite any date of the second row,
the
rows being arranged either on the circumference of two cylinders working on the
same axis, or on two endless bands, or on two concentric discs, or in any other con-
venient manner. If the number of days from one date to another date is required
number one of the first row is brought opposite the starting date of the second row,
after which the required number will be found opposite the terminal date or the
date to which the days are to be counted. In order to use the apparatus also as a
calendar which shows the day of the week for any day of the month a third row
with the names of 364 consecutive days is combined with the two rows already
described, so that any day of the third row may be brought opposite any date of
the second row. The apparatus may therefore also consist of three movable cylinders
or three movable endless parallel bands, or three movable concentric discs; or it
may take any other convenient shape and be made of any suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF STOPPERING BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AËRATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rule at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1879.
THOMAS RULE, of Harrogate, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF STOPPERING BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AËRATED
LIQUIDS."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction and mode of
stoppering or closing botties for containing aërated liquids, and whereby greater
advantages are obtained than has been the case with the methods of construction
and stoppering hitherto employed.
The body of the bottle contained in accordance with the present Invention is,
by preference, formed of an elliptical or oval section, and is contracted on two sides
thereof, so as to present two internal projections opposite to each other about half
way down the bottle. The object and use of such projections is to prevent the
stopper when pressed into the interior of the bottle from being thrown with any
great force or violence against the sides or bottom of the bottle, thus avoiding the
risk of breakage or fracture which occurs when stoppers formed of a hard material
are employed. Although it is preferred to form the bottle of an elliptical or oval
section it may be made of a circular, square, or any other suitable form. The
interior of the neck of the bottle is furnished with projections of a dovetailed or
other suitable form upon which is placed a washer or cushion of india rubber or
any other suitable elastic or semi elastic substance for the purpose of providing a
seat for the stopper, and upon which the latter rests when forced upwards by the
pressure of the liquid or gas contained in the bottle, thus effectually closing the same.
The stopper may be of a globular or any suitable form.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC VALVE TO BE APPLIED TO BOATS IN LIEU OF THE PLUG OR CORK NOW IN USE, AND IN ORDER TO SECURE THE SAFETY OF HUMAN LIFE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Casey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1879.
JAMES CASEY, of Number 10, Philpot Lane, in the City of London, Consulting
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC VALVE TO BE APPLIED TO BOATS IN LIEU OF
THE PLUG OR CORK NOW IN USE, AND IN ORDER TO SECURE THE SAFETY OF HUMAN
LIFE."
This automatic valve consists of a cylindrical ball of metal, or any suitable
material posessing sufficient buoyancy and flotation, enclosed within a metal guide
inserted in the planking of the boat, with a stop in the interior of same to receive
the ball valve, and thus closing the aperture. On the outside planking of the boat
there is a metal guard having peforations therein to allow the water to pass
through and actuate the valve in the aperture or hole, and thereby keep it closed
by means of the guide within the planking. The valve can and is actuated upon
by the force of the water passing through the perforations of the guard; when the
boat is lifted out of the water the pressure of the water within the boat, if any, or
the gravitation of the valve alone, causes it to fall from the face of the aperture on
to the interior of the guard, and enables the water to escape.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CUTTING THE THREADS OF SCREWS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic William Priestley Parker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1879.
FREDERIC WILLIAM PRIESTLEY PARKER, of the City of Oxford, Engineer.
« IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CUTTING THE THREADS OF SCREWS."
This Invention consists in improvements in the method of cutting square or V
shaped threads of screws, by means of which such operation is performed in a
more expeditious and economical manner than by the means at present employed.
The operation is effected as follows:-A circular saw or disc provided with a
suitable cutting edge is mounted in bearings, and is caused to revolve by means of
a pulley fixed on the spindle thereof. The spindle to be provided with the screw
thread is fixed in a red hot condition in an ordinary screw-cutting lathe, having
connected therewith the necessary change of wheels for giving the required pitch
to the screw thread, and also suitable mechanism for advancing the spindle as the
operation of cutting the screw thread proceeds, as will be well known and under-
stood by persons conversant with such operations. The edge of the circular saw
or cutting disc as it revolves is advanced against the red hot spindle until the
metal is cut away thereby to the depth that it desired to give to the screw
thread. The said spindle is then caused to revolve and travel, as will be well
understood, until the desired length of thread has been cut therein. The screw
spindle is then allowed to cool, and if desired inay be finished by means of a
revolving rose cutter, or by any other suitable and known means.
Instead of employing a circular saw or disc as before described a band-saw,
straight saw, or tool having a suitable cutting edge, and capable of receiving an
up and down or reciprocating motion is substituted therefor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING BATHS OR BOATS FOR SEA OR RIVER BATHING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Billhaud at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1879.
JOSEPH BILLHAUD, Merchant, of the City of Bordeaux, in the Department of
Gironde, temporarily residing at 6, Rue des Filles-du-Calvaire, in the City of
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING BATHS OR BOATS FOR SEA OR RIVER
BATHING."
There being few bathing stations which do not present some inconveniences,
both to young and old, either on account of the dangerous nature of the coast,
the rocky bottom, the roughness of the breakers, or the disagreeable sea fish, or on
account of the depth of the water, invalids, ladies, and children are alike debarred
from taking this healthý exercise.
To remedy these evils I have conceived a floating sea bath or boat which is
unsinkable; and if need be, can be either moored or navigated by sail, oars, screw,
or paddles.
This boat has its sides or skin for a certain depth made air tight, and consists of
cork, wood, hollow metal, or india rubber, the remaining parts of its sides are
latticed or trellised to allow of free access to the water, so that the bather has all
the advantages of being out in the water, with the security against the drawbacks
above mentioned.
Compartments are reserved for provisions and clothes.
The sides or skin are or is united to the bottom by wood or iron uprights.
The vessel is driven by propellers with two blades driving the water back and
rising in the advance motion, the blades are worked by levers articulated to a
shaft governing other levers and cranks by a backward and forward motion.
The vessel is entered from above, or by doors made either at the sides or in the
fore part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY EQUIPMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Doyle Barrett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1879.
RICHARD DOYLE BARRETT, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants, Colonel in
the 19th Regiment of Her Majesty's Infantry. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY
EQUIPMENTS."
The object of this Invention is to enable the soldier or volunteer to carry his kit
with less fatigue and greater ease then heretofore, to enable him to put it on and
take it off quickly, and to be able to divest himself if necessary of the hitherto
cumbersome valise before going into action.
The valise is made preferably of waterproof canvas, having four leather or other
flaps inside, within which the kit is to be placed. To close the valise the two side flaps
are brought over the kit and secured together by strap and buckle, then the bottom
flap is folded over and secured to the top flap by buckle and strap, and an outside
flap is brought over all and fastened at bottom by buckles and straps. The back of
the valise is provided with two diagonal cross loops stitched to the same, through
which a back strap is passed, and this latter (strap) is carried round the body under
the arms and through loops formed in the ends of shoulder straps, which passing
over the shoulders are crossed at the back and buckled to the top of the back part
of the valise; the loops are provided with runners to keep the back strap in place
and to adjust the position of the whole equipment. The ends of back straps are
buckled to the ammunition cases, which latter run on the waist belt as usual. The
ammunition cases are made collapsible, so that they may when not filled fit close to
the belt during parade and at other times. That part of the back strap which
passes through the loops on end of the shoulder strap is rounded so that it may
freely run therein except when arrested by the runners.
For the soldier or volunteer to release himself from his valise he unbuckles the
ends of back strap from the ammunition cases on waist belt, the valise is free, the
back strap is pulled out from the diagonal loops on the valise, and it, the back strap,
is then utilized as a shoulder strap, the flat portion resting on the shoulder blades
and the rounded portions coming down to and buckled to the ammunition cases,
which latter they then tend to support; and in this way the soldier is able to carry
a large amount of ammunition. The waist belt is made with a double buckle so
that the end of strap may be tucked in out of sight. The back strap may in some
cases be made quite flat with round buckles to take the shoulder straps, instead of
with runners as before described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF GENERATING BURNER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georgo Rowley and Edwin Smith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1879.
GEORGE ROWLEY and EDWIN SMITH, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Brassfounders. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF GENERATING
BURNER."
cr
The object of this Invention is explained in the title.
GAS
We first construct a tank or holder, which is placed above the level of the point
where the light is desired to be burned. This tank is to contain a supply of
benzoline, which is conveyed to the burner or burners by a suitable pipe.
The burner is constructed as follows:-The pipe which conveys the benzoline to
the burner is provided with a suitable tap, beyond which is a short length of pipe
placed in a horizontal or nearly horizontal position. This pipe is by preferenco
filled with gilding metal piercings, and at its end is secured an elbow of suitable
size, having two holes drilled in it, i.e., one on either side, and placed a little above
each other. These are for the admission of air, which is needful for purification
of the light, and is partly burned. Into this elbow we fit one end of another tube,
T shaped, in such a manner that one end of the T shall be in a horizontal position,
and projecting over the first mentioned tube. A small hole is made in this pro-
jecting part, which is for the purpose of allowing the burning there of a sufficient
quantity of benzoline to evaporate or generate the gas.
The burner is inserted into the top end of the T. Immediately under the said
burner we provide a dome, which is for the purpose of separating the burner or
light from the before mentioned under or generating light. Around the said under
or generating light we place a suitable shield, which is for the purpose of confining
it, and thus causing it to heat the tube and the dome to the required degree.
Under the first mentioned tube we place a small hollowed receptacle, which is to
contain spirit when lighting the lamp, as hereinafter described. Our improved
burner is lit in the following manner:-A small quantity of spirits of any kind is
placed in the last mentioned receptacle through a tube, or in any other convenient
nanner, and upon this being lighted it heats the tubes and burner, and when this
is burnt nearly out the benzoline is allowed to pass the tap, and by reason of the
tubes being heated, as before described, it at once ignites and burns in the form of
gas through the burner, whilst the under or generating light keeps the tubes and
burner up to the required temperature, as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard Kidd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1879.
JOHN HOWARD KIDD, of Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of iron in blast furnaces, and its object
is to obtain a uniform quality or to vary as desired the quality of the iron to be
produced, and my Invention consists in admitting or injecting cold air or air mixed
with other gases into the blast furnace while it is working in the ordinary manner
(and in addition to the air entering by the ordinary tuyeres) above the level of the
ordinary tuyeres, this supply of air being regulated by a valve or valves and
increased or diminished according to the state of the scoria or slag.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR, VACUUM, OR FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE APPARATUS, THE SAME BEING ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE STEEL MINNES AIR BRAKE.
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1879.
JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
'AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR, VACUUM, OR FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE APPARATUS, THE
SAME BEING ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE STEEL MINNES AIR BRAKE.'"
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in air, vacuum, and fluid
pressure brake apparatus, is especially applicable to or is a further development of
such brake apparatus as that known as the "Steel M°Innes air brake."
The object of the present improvement is to operate a valve for closing or
opening the air passages at the same time and by the same operation which
fastens or unfastens the coupling pipe or pipes between the several vehicles of
which a train is composed.
The improvement consists in placing on the eye of the ratchet pawls or levers
an eccentric fitted with a rod and strap, so that as any one of the ratchet pawls or
levers is moved on its axis it causes a vertical motion of the eccentric rod, which
thereby opens or closes a valve fixed in the air passages or pipes; by this means
the opening or closing of the air pipes is rendered certain at any time when
coupling or uncoupling the vehicles.
The present improvement is applicable to brakes operated by compressed air,
vacuum, or fluid pressure generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER TUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hargreaves at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1879.
HENRY HARGREAVES, of White Abbey, Bradford, in the County of York, Hot
Water Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER TUBULAR BOILERS."
The object of this Invention is to construct tubular boilers in such a manner that
I obtain a large heating surface and a free and uninterrupted flow or circulation of
water through the boiler.
I accomplish my object in the following manner: -I form an annular pipe having
a number of branches formed on the same, in which I secure a series of upright
pipes, these upright pipes are conical or taper, the top ends of which are curved, and
when fixed in position radiate to the centre of a central doom at the top of boiler, in
which the upright pipes are also secured.
When the boiler is set in brick work the fire which is at the underside of the
boiler is supplied with fuel by means of a shoot fixed in such a manner that the fuel
passes between the pipes and falls on to the top of the fire. The beat from the fire
rises amongst the pipes and impinges direct on the curved portions of the pipes and
the bottom of the central doom of the apparatus, and thus heats the water rapidly
at the top of the boiler, and causes the water to flow freely through the boiler and
circulate through the ordinary heating pipes.
The supply or return pipe is connected to the annular pipe before referred to in
any convenient position, and the outlet or flow pipe I place at or near the centre of
the circular doom, so that the water rising up the upright pipes is heated and flows
through the curved portion of the pipes towards the centre of the doom and out at.
the flow pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS AND LOCKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Norman Brown Locke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1879.
NORMAN BROWN LOCKE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Locksmith. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS AND LOCKS."
This Invention comprises improvements in bolts which are made to slide by
means of a trigger attached to each and arranged to lock the bolt in either of its
extreme positions; and it also comprises an improved lock, the bolt of which is
moved by turning a handle or key.
In the improved bolt arrangement the bolt is fitted to slide in any known or
convenient guide or case, and has jointed to it a trigger, which is a three-armed
picce, having two of its arms opposito to and nearly in line with each other, and
the third at right angles. On the ends of the two arms, which are nearly in line,
catch projections are formed or fixed, and when the bolt is in its midway position
these projections are in a longitudinal groove in a plate forming part of or fixed to
the guide or casing. The groove is forined with a contral notch at one side, and
with a notch at each end of the other side, and a blade spring is applied so as to
bear on the trigger opposite to the central notch. Whenever the bolt is moved
quite in or quite out the spring presses one of the catch projections into the central
notch, and the other catch projection at the same time enters one of the end notches
and thereby locks the bolt. In order to move the bolt pressure is applied to the
third arm of the trigger, and has the effect of first turning the trigger a little to
release its catch projections and of next moving the bolt along as required.
In the improved lock a similar trigger or three-armed piece is applied, being
centred on a pin fixed in the lock case. One arm of the trigger acts on one or
more tumblers or levers; a second arm is in a position to be acted on by a supple-
mentary bolt; and the third arm is acted on by one blade of a double blade spring,
the other blade of which acts on the main bolt. Both the main bolt and the supple-
mentary bolt are bevilled at their projecting ends so as to be both forced in when
closing the door or part to which the lock is fitted, but whilst there is a socket or
mortise in the striking plate for the main bolt to enter there is none for the
supplementary bolt, which latter therefore remains in when the door is closed. In
consequence of being thus kept in, the supplementary bolt holds the trigger in such
a position as to allow the one or more tumblers or levers to fall into their proper
positions for securing the bolt.
IMPROVED ATTACHMENT TO PLATES AND DISHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ledyard Hutchison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1879.
ALFRED LEDYARD HUTCHISON, of Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVED ATTACHMENT TO PLATES AND DISHES."
The object of my Invention is to supply a person, say, at meals or other times,
with the salt, mustard, or other condiment, at the same time as the plate.
At present a person dining has generally to make special request for the
condiments, but according to my Invention there will be no necessity for so doing,
as they can be served to him with the plate.
In carrying out my Invention, I use mainly the following arrangements:
To the plate, when being served, is attached (by a spring clip or otherwise) a
frame or appliance containing one, two, or more indentations, receptacles, or wells,
The upper portion of
in which is placed the salt or other article or condiment.
the frame or appliance rests on the rim of the plate or dish, and the portion bearing
against the under part of the plate is formed preferably of spring metal, so that the
frame or appliance with the salt, etc., when slipped on to the rim of the plate is
held securely against the said rim.
The frame or appliance may be provided with legs, so that it can be stood at side
of plate if necessary. It is thus evident that by these arrangements the salt, etc.;
can be served with the plate, and the frame or appliance can be easily removed from
the rim of the plate with no injury to the plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE APPLIANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1879.
communication from Adam Ruthel, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
v. Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE APPLIANCES." A communication
from Adam Ruthel, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements relate to the arrangement of the various parts of steam
engines, also to the valves and valve gear, and to a device for discharging the water
of condensation. The Invention consists, first, in the application of open slide
valves, that is, slide valves without valve-chest, and consequently without stuffing
boxes for the valve rods, the steam entering through a pipe into the expansion
valve which moves tight between said pipe and the main valve. The exhaust
steam passing from the front end of the cylinder through a channel in the main
valve to the back end, and from there into the exhaust port of the cylinder, while
the exhaust steam from the back of the cylinder goes through the said channel and
is discharged at the front end of the cylinder, the main valve being moved by an
eccentric or in any other ordinary way-The motion of the expansion valve may
be derived from a second eccentric, the straps of which form part of an oscillating
lever attached to the engine frame and connected at its end by a pin and rod to a
second oscillating lever moving nearly parallel to the first one and connected with
the governor in the following manner :-The sliding sleeve or muff of the governor
placed near the second oscillating lever is provided with an arm which carries the
fulcrum of a short double armed lever having at each end a pin and slide block,
one of which is movable in a slot of the second oscillating lever, and the other in a
slot provided in the enlarged end of the expansion valve rod, said double armed
lever moving up and down with the sleeve of the governor, thereby adjusting the
motion of the expansion valve according to the speed of the engine or the
magnitude of the resistance. For discharging the water of condensation from the
cylinders, a disc is fitted into the enlarged bore at each end of the cylinder and
separated from the cylinder cover by india rubber or other compressible material
which is compressed in consequence of the accumulation of water in the cylinder so

page_text: as to let the water escape into an annular groove of the cylinder from where it
may escape through a pipe. The sliding surfaces of the valves are armed with
plates of gun inetal or other suitable metal, which may themselves be provided
with dove-tailed grooves filled with a metal composition for reducing the friction;
and where no expansion valve is used, the main valve slides between the open end 5
or ends of the steam pipe and the valve face of the cylinder.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS WHEREBY ARTICLES MADE OF CAOUTCHOUC MAY BE THOROUGHLY BLENDED, ORNAMENTED, OR PRINTED UPON IN COLORS, AND MADE IMPERVIOUS TO DAMP
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Walsh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879. A communication
from abroad by Julius Hubert Levenstein, of Berlin.
JOHN EDWARD WALSH, of Waterhouse Chambers, Crossley Street, Halifax, in
the County of York, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS WHEREBY ARTICLES
MADE OF CAOUTCHOUC MAY BE THOROUGHLY BLENDED, ORNAMENTED, OR PRINTED
UPON IN COLORS, AND MADE IMPERVIOUS TO DAMP." A communication from abroad
by Julius Hubert Levinstein, of Berlin,
This Invention consists in the ornamentation of caoutchouc articles with oil
colors, which has been up to now impracticable, because the acids contained in the
varnish caused a disintegration of the caoutchouc wherever they came in contact;
on the other hand a thorough lending of the caoutchouc with the colors employed
was impracticable; all kinds of varnish have been employed, but invariably with
the same result, the colors peeling off when the articles were used.
By means of experiments the fact has been established that varnish which has
been perfectly dried in the open air has no prejudiced effect on the caoutchouc,
however thoroughly it may be blended with the same, and the aforesaid dried
varnish is to be softened in such a manner, and as I will proceed to explain, that it
may be laid upon the surface of the caoutchouc, with the result that all the colors
contained in the varnish blend with the same, especially is this so when applied to
non-vulcanized goods, in which, on their passing through the vulcanizing process,
the combination of the two is so complete that a separation of the colors from the
goods or articles by ordinary chemical means is impossible.
On stretching these articles to their full extent no chipping off or separation of
the colors from the caoutchouc is to be perceived.
As the colors are not painted, stencilled, or printed direct upon the surface of the
caoutchouc, but upon a pliable foundation, such as a web, paper, thin skins, or the
like, the latter must be protected by a coating of starch, glue, white of eggs,
caseine, or other like protective coating, which will prevent the varnish sinking
into the skin. Drawings, writings, or embellishments prepared in this manner,
are thoroughly dried in the open air, and on damping these preparations with
such volatile carburetted hydrogen compounds that can dissolve or soften the
caoutchouc, such as benzoline, naphtha, petroleum, and the like, these dried colors
are softened, and then pressed on to the surface of the caoutchouc, which has

page_text: likewise been softened by the same process. After the ovaporation of the benzoline
or other hydrocarbon which may have been employed, the foundation upon which
the colors are laid is removed, and the drawing or impression remains firmly
attached to the caoutchouc; after being vulcanized they cannot be separated, and
are so thoroughly combined that stretching to any extent has no effect upon
them.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILLINERY, HAT, AND OTHER BOXES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dickinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1879.
"IM-
WILLIAM DICKINSON, senior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILLINERY, HAT, AND OTHER BOXES."
The object of this Invention is a novel means of joining the edges of cardboard
together, either in the formation of millinery, hat, and other boxes, or in joining
two or more pieces of cardboard together so as to dispense with the ordinary lap
joint, and to effect a joining which will be flush and even with the cardboard, and
yet be of sufficient strength to withstand the usage to which such articles are
ordinarily subjected.
In carrying out my Invention I make exactly corresponding dovetails in the
edge of the cardboard which requires to be jointed together, and this is most
effectually. performed by means of corresponding dies in a punching machine, so
that when the dovetails formed on one edge are introduced or forced into the
corresponding dovetails in the other edge, and the lining or covering paper is pasted
or otherwise caused to adhere to one or both sides of the cardboard so jointed
together, a neat, effectual, und durable joining is obtained.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MEANS USED FOR ABSTRACTING COLOUR FROM 'ANNATTO' OR 'ARNATTO
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McDonnell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1879.
WILLIAM MCDONNELL, of the City and County of Limerick, Ireland. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MEANS USED FOR ABSTRACTING COLOUR FROM
'ANNATTO' OR 'ARNATTO."
The object of my Invention is to improve the present mode of abstracting color
from annatto or arnatto to be used for the purpose of coloring cheese and butter.
For this purpose according to my Invention I use oil or heated lard or heated butter
or other fats, instead of water or other liquids as heretofore. In the abstraction of
the color from annatto by the use of oil or heated lard, butter, or other fats instead
of water I find that they take up better than water the peculiar yellow necessary
for the purpose; another advantage of blending annatto with oil, butter, or fat is
that when the milk is churned it blends with the fat or butter, and thus the butter
milk will not be discolored, as occurs when annatto is blended in water; the
annatto also has a better flavor and keeps sweet longer when blended in oil. The
oil, butter, fats, and annatto may be heated in a jacketted boiler to boiling or nearly
boiling point. I find that in some cases a little saffron may be advantageously
added.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE- PARATION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1879. A communica-
tion from abroad by Alfred Nobel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION OF EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS." [A communication from abroad by Alfred
Nobel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
It is a well known fact that gunpowder is for some purposes to which it is
applied too slow and for others too quick in its action. Thus, for instance, the
Bame kind of powder which is suitable for a small gun will exercise a bursting
pressure upon a large one, and the powder which effectually blasts solid and hard
rock will prove inadequate in loose and fissured ground.
Hence the want of a slower explosive for heavy guns has been long felt, and has
given rise to the use of compressed so-called prismatic powder, which somewhat
lessens the strain on the metal.
In order to attain the saine end it is now proposed to combine two explosives or
powders of different degress of energy, the one being comparatively slow and the
other quick in exploding. These will be mixed in such proportions as to produce
the quickness of explosion needed. If, for instance, common gunpowder and another
powder consisting of equal parts of picrate and nitrate of potash are made into equal
grains then the former will be the slower and the latter the quicker of the two in
point of explosive combustion. If a quicker powder than ordinary gunpowder is
needed it is easily obtained by mixing it with a certain percentage of the quicker
powder above referred to. One, two, three, or more grains of the latter may thus
be added to each dozen grains of the former, and it is important to state that not
only do the grains of the quicker powder increase the pressure by their own
explosion but they at the same time and in a very marked degree quicken the
combustion of the slower powder.
For blasting purposes the addition of a certain percentage (even as little as 5 per
cent. of the charge) of a very quick powder to common blasting powder will be
found of considerable practical value.
For artillery purposes where the strain of ordinary gunpowder is frequently too
great it has to be mixed with a slower explosive, such as ordinary powder, wherein
the usual percentage of sulphur has been reduced by one half or more.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1879

page_text: A
LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
communication from abroad by Henri Harmet, of Denain, in the Republic of
France.
Sealed the 17th October 1879, and dated the 6th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1879.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey.
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL." [A communication from abroad by Henri
Harmet, of Denain, in the Republic of France.]
"
In the refining of irons in the conventer, the phosphorus contained in the iron does
not definitely pass into the slag before the removal of the carbon, unless it is
possible to produce with it phosphates which are irreducible by carbon or carbonic
oxide.
The tribasic phosphates of lime and magnesia irreducible under the conditions of
the Bessemer process, are the the only ones that could be economically obtained if
their infusibility did not render their formation impossible.
To render these phosphates fusible is to render dephosphorization in the converter
practicable without its being necessary to prolong the blowing beyond complete
decarbonization, and the subject of this Invention is to provide means of obtaining
this result.
For this purpose I utilize the action of substances such as alkalies, alkaline earths,
fluorides, chlorides, and specially the fluoride of calcium (or fluor spar) and chloride
of sodium (common salt) which added in small proportions to the tribasic phosphates of
lime and manganese, have the property of uniting partially with them and
rendering their composition more complex, but fusible and irreducible in the
converter.
The quantity found to be necessary according to the composition of the iron
under treatment is introduced into the converter either at the same time as the
other basic matters which are to unite with the phosphoric acid, or by the tuyeres
in the state of powder mixed with the air blast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANHYDROUS SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stuart Gorman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1879.
CHARLES STUART GORMAN, of Irvine, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANHYDROUS SULPHURIC
ACID."
This Invention relates to new or improved modes and means of manufacturing or
making anhydrous sulphuric acid from certain new materials or alum salts not
heretofore used for the purpose, or combinations of these with other salts commonly
used heretofore for this purpose, which improvements produce a greater yield for the
same weight of material and at a lower temperature than under-existing processes;
as all the sulphuric acid is driven off and as the residuary alumina left in the retort
can be used over again for an indefinite number of times, great economy is effected
in the manufacture of anhydrous sulphuric acid.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention under the first modification consist
in the employment or use of sulphate of alumina or alum cake, or potash alum or
ammonia alum, and rendering them anhydrous by heating them first at a low
temperature, and then submitting them to a red heat in an ordinary retort to drive
off the anhydrous sulphuric acid. In the process of driving off the sulphuric acid
from the alum cake a portion of the acid is decomposed into sulphurous acid and
oxygen which is passed through platinum pipes or earthenware pipes filled with
spongy platinum, or platinised asbestos, oxide of chromium, oxide of iron, or alumina
heated to redness to combine the sulphurous acid and oxygen, and after being made
to travel through another range of earthenware cooling pipes to be cooled, it passes
thence into receivers or vessels surrounded with any ordinary freezing mixture to
condense and solidify the anhydrous sulphuric acid.
By a second modification the alum cake or other alum salts mentioned under the
first modification may be mixed with bi-sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, or
sulphate of lime, and subjected to a red heat to drive off the anhydrous sulphuric
acid, a portion of which in being driven off decomposes into sulphurous acid and
oxygen, which is conducted through pipes to cool and thence passed into receivers
surrounded with a freezing mixture to condense the anhydrous sulphuric acid in a
similar manner to that described under the first modification.
In practice under either modification it is preferred to use the sulphate of
alumina or alum cake, and after the anhydrous sulphuric acid is driven off there
•

page_text: is left in the retort the alumina, which can be used over again for an indefinite
number of times for the manufacture of sulphate of alumina by adding sulphuric
acid thereto, and thus rendering the manufacture of anhydrous sulphuric acid a
continuous process.
The essential feature of the Invention consists in the use of
sulphate of alumina or alum cake or other alum salts for the manufacture of anhydrous
sulphuric acid, all substantially as described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Street at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1879.
WILLIAM STREET, of Kingston on Thames, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers for bottles.
For this purpose I hinge the head of the stopper to a link which is hinged to a
wire passing around and securely fixed to the bottle neck below the thickened end
or flange thereof, or in a groove formed for the same.
According to one arrangement the head of the stopper is connected to the body
thereof by a pivot, so as to enable the head to be rotated around the pivot inde-
pendently of the body of the stopper. The head of the stopper is in this case formed
with a rising flange or rim around its edge, and where it is hinged to the link a
comparatively long slot or opening is formed to enable it to be partially rotated
without disturbing or affecting the link.
Opposite to the link a portion of the raised rim is cut away to enable a clip or
catch hinged to the attaching wire to be passed over the edge of the head of the
stopper; this clip or catch is formed with a book to fit the raised rim of the stopper
head, so that when in position the stopper head can be rotated and thereby securely
fixed in position without risk of the clip or catch being accidentally pushed off
therefrom. The body of the stopper is preferably formed of pottery ware and a
ring of india rubber or cork applied thereto around its upper
end.
As a modification of the above the head of the stopper may be rigidly fixed to
the body thereof, in which case a pin is mounted across the head, which pin projects
on one side thereof, and such projection is bent somewhat at an angle with the body
of the pin, and has its end formed as a thumb piece by which the pin can be rotated
on its longitudinal axis.
The thumb piece is suitably shaped to enable it when in one position to pass
through a slot or opening formed in the hinged clip or catch, and then when turned
round into position for locking, the projecting bent part of the pin acts against the
upper end of the slot or opening in the clip and so puts extra pressure on the
stopper.