Improvements in and in connection with Gun Carriages.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Gun Carriages.
I, ANDREAS RADOVANOVIC, of Pilsen, Bohemia, Austria, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
This invention relates to wheeled gun carriages and according thereto such
carriages are provided with lateral training apparatus which can when desired
be combined with a brake device for receiving the recoil.
The lateral training apparatus comprises one or more wheels rotatably mounted
on the trail of the carriage and whose axis or axes is or are located in the
direction of the length of the trail of the carriage, so that the lateral pointing
or training of the gun can be altered by rolling the wheel or wheels on the
ground. When this training apparatus is combined with a recoil brake, the
wheel or wheels is or are arranged so as to be capable of movement axially with
relation to the gun carriage, so that when the gun is fired the brake device is
operated by the movement of the carriage.
In one arrangement in which one trail wheel is used the wheel which may be
of any suitable shape for example of bell-shape and be smooth or provided with
teeth, is arranged with its axis in the direction of the length of the trail of the
gun carriage, that is to say, approximately at right angles to the axis of the
ordinary wheels. For the purpose of training the gun the trail wheel is adapted
to be rotated either directly by means of handles, or by means of shaft and
suitable gearing such as worm wheel or bevel wheel gearing. The trail of the
carriage is of cylindrical or conical shape and around it there is arranged to
rotate an enclosing cylinder or cone which carries at its end the trail wheel and
is connected by means of the limber eye with the trail.
When a shaft is employed, it is made capable of axial movement in the
direction of the length of the trail to a certain extent. This movement is
utilised to operate any suitable brake. When the gun is fired the trail with the
gun carriage moves back, whilst the trail wheel is prevented from slipping over
the ground by its edge; consequently the force of the recoil is taken up or
destroyed by a brake, which may be a hydraulic or pneumatic brake, consisting
of a brake cylinder and a piston mounted on the above mentioned shaft; in
addition there are mounted on the said shaft, in front and behind the cylinder,
Belleville springs; the front spring abuts against a bearing fixed upon the trail,
between which and the brake cylinder the shaft, which traverses the latter, is
formed with a groove for the reception of a feather so that the said shaft is
capable of sliding in the worm wheel arranged at this point. The Belleville
springs serve to elastically connect the carriage with the eye and consequently
with the limber. The eye itself is adapted to rotate with the shaft.
When no brake is employed, the trail wheel can be elastically connected with
the carriage in a similar manner. In such a case, the shaft is preferably made
hollow and the eye is made in one piece with a spindle passing through the hollow
shaft, which is carried in two bearings and is capable of moving longitudinally in
the bevel wheel of the gearing by means of which it is caused to rotate. Jn
another arrangement when no brake is employed the above mentioned springs are
dispensed with the elastic connection of the eye of the carriage being effected by
means of a spring arranged between a nut on the shank of the eye and a bearing
upon the inner side of the end of the trail.
But this latter can also be dispensed with and the trail wheel can be made
to bear upon springs arranged between the end of the trail and the trail wheel.
In another arrangement the trail rests upon a toothed support or foundation

page_text: which when the gun is fired, is forced into the ground and takes up the force
of the recoil, so that the lateral training only is effected by means of the trail wheel.
It is obvious that the above described arrangements may be combined in any
desired manner with or without the employment of a brake, which brake may be
any kind of hydraulic or pneumatic brake, or may be constructed as a friction
brake; similarly helical springs can be employed instead of Belleville springs.
Dated this 21st day of April 1892.
ANDREAS RADOVANOVIC,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in .connection with Gun Carriages.
I, ANDREAS RADOVANOVIC, of Pilsen, Bohemia, Austria, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in aud- by the following statement :-
This invention relates to wheeled gun carriages and according thereto such
carriages are provided with lateral training apparatus which can when desired be
combined with a brake device for receiving the recoil.
The lateral training apparatus comprises one or more wheels rotatably mounted
on the trail of the carriage, and whose axis or axes is or are located in the direction
of the length of the trail so that the lateral pointing or training of the gun can be
altered by rolling the wheel or wheels on the ground. When this training apparatus
is combined with a recoil brake, the wheel or wheels is or are arranged so as to be
capable of movement axially with relation to the gun' carriage, so that when the
gun is fired the brake device is operated by the movement of the carriage.
The accompanying drawings illustrate several constructions of lateral training
apparatus according to my invention some with and some without a recoil brake.
Fig. 1 is a view partly in section shewing a gun carriage furnished with my
lateral training apparatus and with a hydraulic or pneumatic brake.
Fig. 2 is a back view of the training wheel and
Fig. 3 is a section on the line - of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 and 5 show two constructions of training apparatus without brakes.
Fig. 6 shows at the right hand side, a modification of the driving gear shown
in Fig. 5.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 show various arrangements of the wheel, and .
Fig. 10 illustrates how two wheels may be employed.
•
The training wheel A which may be of any suitable shape, and be smooth or
provided with teeth 'a, is arranged with its axis in the direction of the length of the
trail B of the gun carriage, that is to say approximately at right angles to the axis
of the ordinary, wheels. For the purpose of training the gun the trail wheel A is
adapted to be rotated either directly as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, or through a shaft b
and suitable gearing. In the first case the trail B of the carriage is of cylindrical
or conical shape and around it there is arranged to rotate an enclosing cylinder or
cone B' which carries at its end the wheel A and is connected by means of the.
limber eye c with the trail B. The rotary movement is effected by means of the
handles d or through bevel or worm gearing eel Fig. 6.
When a shaft bis employed, it is made capable of axial movement that is to say
in the direction of the length of the trail B to the extent indicated by the dotted
lines y Figs. 1 and 4. This movement is utilised to operate any suitable brake.
The rotation of the shaft 6 by means of which the wheel A is caused to roll along
the ground to train the gun, is effected by means of worm gearing fr (Fig. 1) or
by bevel wheels g g' (Fig. 4). When the gun is fired the trail-B moves back with the
gun carriage, whilst the trail wheel is prevented from slipping over the ground by its
edge a', the recoil, the extent of which is indicated by the line y (Figs. 1 and 4)
being taken up by a brake. This brake may be a hydraulic or pneumatic brake,

page_text: as shewn in Fig. 1. It consists of a brake cylinder h and a piston i mounted on the
shaft b; in addition there are mounted on the said shaft, in front and behind the
cylinder, Belleville springs kk'; the spring k¹ abutting against a bearing 1 between
which and the brake cylinder h, the shaft, which traverses the latter, is formed with
a groove for the reception of a feather so that the said shaft is capable of sliding in
the worm wheel arranged at this point. The Belleville springs kk' serve to
elastically connect the carriage with the eye c and consequently with the limber:
The eye itself is adapted to rotate with the shaft b.
When no brake is employed, the trail wheel A can be elastically connected with
the carriage by means of springs kk as shown in Fig. 4. In such a case, the
shaft is preferably made hollow and the eye c is made in one piece with the
spindle passing through the hollow shaft. The hollow shaft is carried in two
bearings and is capable of moving longitudinally in the bevel wheel 9 of
the gearing by means of which it is caused to rotate. In the arrangement shown
in Fig. 5 there is no brake and there are no springs; but there is elastic
connection of the eye c with the carriage this being effected by means of a
spring arranged between a nut on the shank of the eye and a bearing upon
the inner side of the end of the trail.
But this latter can also be dispensed with, and the trail wheel A made to
bear upon springs arranged between the end of the trail and the trail wheel
as shewn in Fig. 7.
In the arrangement shewn in Fig. 9 the trail rests upon a toothed support or
foundation m which when the gun is fired is forced into the ground and takes
up the recoil, the trail wheel A serving to effect the lateral training only.
Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of two wheels AA which are driven by means
of spur wheels nn and a pinion n'.
It is obvious that the above described arrangements may be combined in any
desired manner with or without the employment of a brake, and that the brake
may be any kind of hydraulic or pneumatic brake, or may be constructed as a
friction brake; similarly helical springs can be employed instead of Belleville
springs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. Lateral training apparatus for wheeled gun carriages comprising one or more
wheels A rotatably mounted on the carriage trail, and whose axis or axes is or
are situated in the direction of the trail or approximately so, the said wheel or
wheels when caused to roll over the ground serving to alter the lateral direction
of the gun, substantially as described.
2. In combination with apparatus such as referred to in Claim 1, a recoil brake
which, when the gun is fired, is operated by the movement of the trail in an
axial direction with relation to the wheel or wheels A substantially as described.
3. Gun carriages constructed as herein described with reference to the annexed
drawings.
Dated this 20th day of December 1892.
A. RADOVANOVIC,
By L. W., per F. B.