A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW-SASH FASTENER AND GUARD."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Joseph Bates, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Architect and Surveyor, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED WINDOW-SASH FASTENER AND GUARD."
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1862.
I, JOHN JOSEPH BATES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW-SASH FASTENER AND GUARD," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a window-sash fastener and guard constructed in
the manner herein-after explained. The object of my Invention is to fasten a
window sash when the said sash is shut down, and to prevent the said sash
when partly opened from being raised from, without.
My Invention is constructed as follows:-To the front edge of the top
rail of the lower sash two levers are jointed, the said levers being situated
nearly horizontally, and having motion in vertical planes.. The projecting or
outer end of each lever is extended laterally, so as to form a handle or plate,
under which the finger is placed in raising the window sash. On the upper
surface of the top rail of the frame two other levers are jointed, the longer
arms of the last-named levers being nearly vertical, and their shorter arms
horizontal. The shorter arms engage under the inner ends of the first-
described, levers: The tops of the vertical levers are bent nearly into a
horizontal position, and bear against plates of brass or other metal fixed

page_text: vertically on the front sides of the top sash. The said plates have holes at a
distance of about two inches apart. Springs under the short arms of the
vertical levers press the top ends of the said levers against the vertical plates
and cause them to engage in the holes in the said plates. In raising the
window sash it is only necessary to place the forefinger of each hand under
the handles of the horizontal levers and lift the said handles. The first effect
of the upward pressure is to liberate the vertical levers from the holes in the
metal plates, when the sash can rise. After it has been raised and the fingers
removed from the handles, the springs of the vertical levers cause the said
levers to engage with the holes in the metal plates and the sash is thereby
fixed, and cannot be moved by pressure applied directly to the sash. Instead
of two horizontal levers, one horizontal lever situated in the middle of the
sash bar may be employed; the said lever communicating with and acting on
the vertical levers by a horizontal shaft. When the top of the lower sash is
high, the horizontal lever or levers may be placed on the lower bar or other
intermediate part of the sash, and made to act on the vertical levers on the
top bar by means of vertical connecting rods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Joseph Bates in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JOSEPH BATES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Architect and
Surveyor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Joseph Bates, Her special licence that I, the said John
Joseph Bates, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Joseph Bates, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW-SASH FASTENER AND GUARD," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Joseph Bates, 'my executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one o
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature o
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calenda
5 months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Joseph Bates, do, hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a window-sash fastener, and guard constructed in
the manner herein-after explained. The object of my Invention is to fasten
a window sash when the said sash is shut down, and to prevent the said sash
when partly opened from being raised from without.
My Invention is constructed as follows:-To the front edge of the top rail
of the lower sash two levers are jointed, the said levers being situated nearly
horizontally, and having motion in vertical planes. The projecting or outer
end of each lever is extended laterally, so as to form a handle or plate, under
which the finger is placed in raising the window sash. On the upper surface
of the top rail of the frame two other levers are jointed, the longer arms of
the last-named levers being nearly vertical, and their shorter arms horizontāl.
The shorter arms engage under the inner ends of the first-mentioned levers.
The tops of the vertical levers are bent nearly into a horizontal position, and
bear against plates of brass or other metal fixed vertically on the front sides
of the top sash. The said plates have holes at a distance of about two inches
apart. Springs under the short arms of the vertical levors press the top ends
of the said levers against the vertical plates, and cause them to engage in the
holes in the said plates. In raising the window sash it is only necessary to
place the forefinger of each hand under the, handles of the horizontal. levers
and lift the said handles. The first effect of the upward pressure is to
liberate the vertical levers from the holes in the metal. plates when the sash
can rise. After it has been raised and, the fingers removed from the handles,
the springs of the vertical levers cause the said levers to engage with the holes
in the metal plates, and the sash is thereby fixed and cannot be moved by
pressure applied directly to the sash., Instead of two horizontal levers.one
horizontal lever situated in the middle of the sash bar may be employed; the
said lever communicating with and acting on the. levers by a horizontal axis.
When the top of the lower sash is high, the horizontal lever or levers may be
placed on the lower bar or other, intermediate part of..the sash, and made to
act on the vertical levers on the top bar by means of vertical connecting rods.

page_text: Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a window frame and sashes to
which my Invention is applied, and Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same;
Figure 3 is a plan (partly in section) of a portion of the same, of the full size,
and Figure 4 is a vertical section of Figure 8. The same letters of reference
indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the Drawing.
On either side of the lower sash c two levers a, a, b, b³, are situated, the
said levers being carried by plates d, à, screwed to the front edge of the top
rail of the said sash c, as best seen in Figure 4. The said levers a, a³, b, b³,
have motion in vertical planes, and turn upon joints a³ carried by the plates
d, d. The projecting end of each of the levers a, a, b, 63, is extended laterally,
so as to form a handle or plate a², 6, and the inner ends a, b, are also extended
laterally, as represented. On the upper surface of the top rail of the sash-c,
two other levers e, e, f, f, in a line with the levers a, a, b, b, are situated;
the said levers e, e, f, f, being carried by plates g, g, and turning in vertical
planes upon the joints e³. The longer arms ef, of the levers e, e, f, f³, are
nearly vertical, and have a stud or projection hat top. The short arms e³, f,
engage under the inner ends a, b, of the levers a, a, b, 62. A spring i 'under
the short arm of each of the levers e, e, f, f, tends to press the longer arms
when they are at liberty to move against the top sash. On either side of the top
sash k, and extending about half up the said sash, vertical plates 1, 2, are fixed;
the said plates 1, 1, having holes n at a distance of about two inches apart.
The plates 1, 1, may, however, extend from top to bottom of the sides of the
sash if required. When the sashes c, k, are in the positions represented in
Figures 1 and 2, they are fastened together by the engagement of the upper
ends h of the levers e, e, f,f, in the holes n in the plates 1, 1; the said upper
ends of the levers being pressed forward and made to engage in the holes n
by the action of the springs i. When the sashes are fastened together they
cannot be moved by applying pressure directly to the sashes. To disengage
the sashes from each other and to raise the sash c, the fingers are placed
underneath the handles or plates a², 63, of the levers a, a³, 6, 63, and the said
handles lifted. The short arms e, f, of the levers e, e, f,f, are thereby
depressed, and the studs or projections h on the longer arms e, f, are with-
drawn from the holes n in the plates 1, l.
upward pressure upon the handles a², 6.
required height, the fingers are removed from the handles a, b, when the
ends h of the arms e, f, are pressed into two other of the holes n in the plates
The sash c can now be raised by
The sash having been raised to the

page_text: 1, 2, opposite to which the said ends of the levers have been brought by the
action of the springs i. The sash c is thereby fixed in its raised position, and
the sashes c, k, also fastened together. The sashes of windows to which my
Invention is applied cannot be moved from the outside, as the said sashes are
always fastened together, whatever may be their position with respect to each
other. Instead of providing two levers for the hands to act upon, a single
handle may be used. In this case a horizontal rod or axis works on the top
bar c, and the single handle is situated at the middle of the said axis. At
the ends of the said axis the levers a, b, are situated. By lifting the
single. handle the levers a, b, are made to act on the ends e, f, of the
levers e, e, f,f. When the top of the lower sash c is high, the levers
a, a, b, b, or a single lever of the kind last described, may be placed on the
lower bar c, or other intermediate part of the sash c; the said levers or lever
being made to act on the arms e, f, of the levers e, e, f,f, by means of
vertical connecting rods; or the arrangement represented in the Drawing
may be employed, the parts a, b, being provided with vertical connecting
rods descending to near the bottom of the lower sash and terminated by
thumb plates, by which they may be lifted.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
I claim as my Invention a new or improved window-sash fastener and guard,
the parts of which are combined or arranged essentially in the several ways
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Joseph Bates, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN JOS. BATES. (L.S.)