matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE IN ORDER TO PRODUCE MANURE THEREFROM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Moriarty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1873. Partly a communication from abroad by the late
Jacques Jules Renous Céré, of Brussels, Belgium.
-
I, EUGENE MORIARTY, of Portobello Road, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, House Steward, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE IN ORDER TO
PRODUCE MANURE THEREFROM," the result partly of a communication from
abroad made to me by the late Jacques Jules Renous Céré, of Brussels,
Belgium, and partly of Invention and discovery made by myself, to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to treat sewage in order to produce
manure therefrom. For this purpose the sewage is treated with the
following matters, namely:-Plaster or sulphate of lime, tar, wood,
charcoal, acid, phosphates of magnesia, and phosphate or sulphate of
iron, ammonia, sulphur, saltpetre (nitrate of potash), phosphoric acid,
and nitrate of soda.

page_text: In performing the process the salts or chemicals are first mixed
together so as to form one solution, and this solution is added to the
sewage to be treated, and is well mixed therewith. The compound is
then mixed with charcoal, then tar is added to the mass, and lastly,
plaster or sulphate of lime is added thereto. After each substance is
introduced, the mass is well mixed. The whole is then dried by natural
To every 28 lbs. of night soil, I add,—
12 oz. acid phosphate of magnesia.
6 oz. sulphate of iron.
4 oz. sulphur.
4 oz. ammonia.
4 oz. phosphoric acid.
4 oz. nitrate of soda.
3 oz. nitrate of potash.
4 lbs. gas tar.
6 lbs. wood charcoal.
And also sulphate of lime sufficient to bring the mass to a proper 2
consistency for drying and pulverizing.
AN IMPROVED OPENING KNIFE FOR MEAT AND OTHER PRESERVE TINS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shelbourne Icely at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th November 1873.
I, WILLIAM SHELBOURNE ICELY, of No. 10, Pleasant Row, Stepney
Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED OPENING KNIFE FOR MEAT AND OTHER
PRESERVE TINS," to be as follows, namely:
My improved knife in its operation is similar to a pair of scissors or
shears, and the difference in its construction to the same is as follows,
namely:
My improved knife has three blades with four cutting edges, the
middle blade has two of the cutting edges and operates underneath the
tin, forcing a narrow strip of the same upwards against the cutting
edges of the side blades which are above the tin.
The result of the aforesaid is that a narrow strip of tin is cut com-
pletely out, and thereby causing no ragged edges like all other opening
knives now in use.
ImprovemENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METAL TELEGRAPH POSTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kesterton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
January 1873.
I, HENRY KESTERTON, of Park Road, Mosely, near Birmingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ ImprovemENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF METAL TELEGRAPH POSTS," to be as follows:-
"
'This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
metal telegraph posts. I roll a taper tube of the length of the post
required, and I cut it into lengths convenient for transport, I place upon
the end of each section, true and square with the axis of the tube, a ring
having lugs upon it, and by expanding the tube I fix the ring in its
place. In erecting the posts the end of each lower section which
projects somewhat beyond its ring enters into the ring upon the upper
section, and the sections are fixed the one to the other by means of
formed clips which are inserted when red hot between the lugs, and
lightly clenched upon them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1873.
I, GEORGE TURNER, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
Venetian blinds, by which improvements the blind is made much stronger
than Venetian blinds of the ordinary construction, is raised and lowered
with greater facility, and may be made to act as a shutter to the window
as well as a Venetian blind.
I make the blind of laths cither of wood or of metal, and I suspend
the blind by chains passing over pulloys fixed to the ends of a spindle or
roller at the top of the window frame, the said roller being of a length
equal to that of the blind. One or both of the said pulleys is or are
provided with radial pins or stops for causing it or them to engage with
one or both of the suspending chains described. By pulling one or
other end of either of the suspending chains the position of the laths is
adjusted so as to cause the blind to admit or shut out light.

page_text: In addition to the ordinary vertical tapes by which the laths are con-
nected together at front and back I employ light vertical chains, and in
place of the ordinary tape supports extending between the said vertical
tapes, and on which said supports the laths are respectively supported, I
employ thin metal supports connected at their ends with the vertical
chains.
When the laths are made of metal and are turned so as to be in a
nearly vertical plane they form an almost continuous sheet of metal, and
by fastening down the bottom of the blind by a screw cotter or otherwise
to the window frame so as to fasten down the blind and fix the laths in
their nearly vertical position, the Venetian blind acts as a metallic
shutter. As the bottom lath when fixed also fixes the position of the
other laths the said shutter is a protection against burglars, as the con-
nection of the laths together by means of chains prevents their position
being changed excepting by the exertion of a force sufficient to break the
chains or the laths.
! In order to balance the weight of the blind a counterbalance weight
may be employed, and the raising and lowering of the blind thus
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR THE STUFFING BOXES OF STEAM ENGINES, AND FOR OTHER JOINTS REQUIRING TO BE STEAM, AIR, OR WATER TIGHT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION laft by Thomas James Watson and
Alfred Pegler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th August 1873.
We, THOMAS JAMES WATSON and ALFRED PEGLER, both of Retford,
in the County of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR THE STUFFING BOXES OF STEAM
ENGINES, AND FOR OTHER JOINTS REQUIRING TO BE STEAM, AIR, OR WATER TIGHT,”
to be as follows :—.
Our Invention relates to an improved packing for the stuffing boxes
of steam engine, piston, and valve rods, and for other similar joints
which require to be steam, air, or water tight.
The said improved packing is composed of india-rubber and canvas
coiled or wound upon a metallic core or centre.
We may use india-rubber either in its natural condition or what is
known as vulcanized or mineralized india-rubber. A sheet or layer of
this india-rubber is coiled with cotton or other canvas or similar textile
substance around a copper or other wire or number of wires, or other
metallic core or centre, The said packing is manufactured in pieces of

page_text: any desired length and may be about three-quarters of an inch in
diameter, or more or less as required, according to the particular
purpose which it is designed to serve.
In applying this packing to the piston rod of a steam engine it is
wound around the same, and when compressed by the stuffing box cover
in the usual manner it will form a very tight joint. The elasticity of
the india-rubber ensures its fitting and bearing constantly and uniformly
upon the piston rod and the wire or other metal core keeps the whole
together and prevents it breaking or separating. The said packing is
therefore capable of resisting a very high pressure of steam, and will be
more durable than the packing ordinarily used for such purposes. The
piston rod will work through it with comparatively little friction, and
there will be no escape of steam.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Kemp, of Railway Approach, London
Bridge, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL.”
66
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Kemp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1878.
I, GEORGE KEMP, of Railway Approach, London Bridge, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved artificial fuel adapted for
generating steam as well as for household and other general purposes.
This fuel I form of a combination of chalk, coal dust, sawdust, or
other lignous or fibrous substance, clay, or other argillaceous material,
and tar or pitch or other suitable bituminous substance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Kemp in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th September 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE ]
KEMP, of Railway Approach, London Bridge, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, send greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the 2
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Kemp, Her special license
that I, the said George Kemp, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Kemp, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
ARTIFICIAL FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said 3
George Kemp, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPOOLS OR BOBBINS FOR SEWING PURPOSES, AND IN SPINDLES THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Matthews Becker and
Thomas Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd September 1873.
WO, LEWIS MATTHEWS BECKER, Engineer, and THOMAS JONES, Manu-
facturer and Agent, both of Bury Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPOOLS OR BOBBINS FOR SEWING PURPOSES, AND IN SPINDLES THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
--
.
'
The object of this Invention is to furnish for machines spools or
bobbins having thread, cotton, twist, silk or other sewing material
uniformly wound thereon, which spools or bobbins may be instantly
placed upon the spindle within the shuttle, and when exhausted or
partially used another may be substituted therefor so that the necessity
for hand winding causing so much loss of time and wear and tear of
_machine is entirely-dispensed-with.-
Our improvements consist, firstly, in constructing the spindles in the
following manner :-We make the spindle of the length suitable for the
machine or size of machine to which it is to be applied having upon it
near to one end a fast or fixed callar. The corresponding part of the

page_text: other end of the spindle is provided with a thread, upon which thread a
loose or moveable collar can be screwed.
Our improvements consist, secondly, in the construction of the spools
or bobbins, which we make of very thin metal so as to form a tube split
for its entire length, whereby it acquires a considerable amount of spring 5
or elasticity so that it may grip or hold most tightly the spindle. The
metallic split tube thus formed is provided with end pieces or collars,
and upon it is wound the thread.
The filled spool is placed upon the spindle herein-before described and
screwed up against the fast collar by the moveable collar on the threaded 10
portion of the spindle. Thus by means of the spring of the tube and the
screwed collar the spool is held very tightly in position. It will be scen
that the same spindle is constantly used, and the spool may be very
quickly removed and replaced.
The spindles may be made of any desired length and of any suitable 1
metal and may be of round, square, triangular or other suitable section,
and the loose collar may be held by means other than the thread or
screw, such as by the shape of its central orifice, and that of the section
of the spindle, or by tapering the spindle.
We purpose using the spools with machines other than shuttlo 20
machines, one great advantage being that the spool is held more tightly
in position, thero can bo no play between the bobbin and spindle and
thus uniform and steady delivery of the thread or other sewing material
is secured.
We also propose applying our Invention to spools or bobbins for hand 25
sewing, the tube being either split or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CORK LIFE BELTS FOR PRESERVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1873.
I, HUGH JONES, of No. 8, Church Yard Row, Newington Butts, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CORK LIFE BELTS FOR PRESERVING LIFE AT SEA,"
to be as follows:-
The cork is cut into seventeen sections (or a greater or less number if
desired) all of which should have bevilled edges cut so as to fit to shape,
these are then sewn up in or firmly secured into pockets of canvas or
such like material which are sewn or fully secured on to a canvas or
fabric cut to pattern resembling a vest, so made and cut as to fit the
body round the neck and with openings for the arms to pass through.
This is fastened in front, as for instance, with thimble holes for strings.
In the life belt in the centre of the waist is a division to allow a strong
canvas band to pass round; it is sewn or secured on to the jacket, say
as far as the hips, then forward, passing through loop holes so as to pull
belt up tightly.

page_text: This belt when properly constructed weighs about five pounds, and it
is found from practical experience that it bodily lifts the sailor up in the
water and keeps the head well up above the foam of the coming wave.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED STEAM BOILERS AND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Killingworth William Hedges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th February 1873.
I, KILLINGWORTH WILLIAM HEDGES, of Cannon Row, in the City of
Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED STEAM BOILERS AND STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to that class of vertical combined steam
boiler and steam engine in which the engine is mounted on the top of
the boiler, and in which the furnace is placed in the centre of the firc-
box, and an annular smoke space is left between the furnace and the
sides of the fire-box to permit of the smoke and products of combustion
after acting upon the crown of the fire-box to pass downwards in such
annular smoke space, and then underneath the lower edge of the boiler,
whence it rises into another annular smoke chamber around the boiler,
and passes off by a suitable flue.
According to the first part of my Invention instead of forming the
furnace of cast iron as heretofore, I construct it of fire-clay or fire-brick,

page_text: •
and thereby obviate the rapid deterioration which takes place when a
cast-iron furnace is employed. This furnace is carried by an annular
support of cast iron fixed to the bottom or foundation, which is also
of cast iron, and to which the boiler is rigidly connected. This
annular support also carries the fire-bars, and the interior thereof forms
the ash-pit, whilst the space between such annular support and the
exterior of the foundation forms a fluc space to connect together the
aforesaid annular smoko chambers.
Access is obtained to the ash-pit as usual by a suitable opening, and
in order to obtain access to the flue space in the foundation for cleaning,
I make the sides and cover of the opening communicating with the aslı-
pit removable.
The Invention consists, secondly, in forming the flange of the
cylinder of a suitable size to form the foundation for the engine, the
cylinder being placed inside the boiler, as heretofore. Thus the flange
of the cylinder being planed on its upper side forms a true bed or
foundation for the engine to be erected upon, thereby obviating
the difficulty experienced when the top of the boiler is out of truth.
Between the flange of the engine and the top of the boiler I use any
suitable packing or cement to provide against any inequalities of surface
and to make a steam-tight joint.
The steam and exhaust pipes are screwed into two holes formed in the
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CARPETING AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilkinson and John
Brook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th February 1873.
WC, JOHN WILKINSON, the younger, of St. Helen's Mills, Hunslet,
Leeds, in the County of York, and JoHN BROOK, of 54, Greenmount
Street, Beeston Hill, Leeds, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CARPETING AND
OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel manufacture of carpet, in which jute
or kindred vegetable fibre is used in place of wool to form the face of
the carpet. In order to impart to the jute or equivalent fibre the
character requisite for forming a soft pile facc instead of drawing and
spinning the same into strong close yarn, which is the common practice,
we take the slivers as they come from the carding engine, and put into
them just sufficient twist to convert them into soft thick yarns. Of
such yarns we form the face warps which we use in the carpet loom to
produce our novel carpet. In this loom by the aid of the usual terry
wires we form a plain terry fabric, the soft jute yarn forming the face of

page_text: the fabric. On cutting the terry loops the fibres composing the same
will open out like those of worsted yarn, and will form a surface
resembling a surface produced by that material.
The jute fabric will admit of being dyed like woollen pile fabrics, a
suitable mordant being employed for the purpose.
By this novel mode of treating and applying jute and kindred
vegetable fibres carpet having a rich appearance and capable of enduring
considerable wear may be made at a cost far below that of the com-
monest woollen drugget.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Weston Clayton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1873.
I, JAMES WESTON CLAYTON, of High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “A
NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF PAPER," to be as follows:-
Heretofore waterproof paper applicable to the packing of blacking
and other substances and objects has usually been manufactured as
follows: The paper is first steeped in boiled linseed oil and pressed;
it is then hung up to dry for a period of from about 18 hours to a week,
and is then ready for use.
Now by my improved manufacture I am enabled to produce a water-
proof paper of a superior quality, of a thinner yet equally strong con-
sistency, and which dries in less than a minute. I steep the paper,
which may be thinner than the paper usually employed for such
purpose, in a melted or fluid composition, consisting of paraffin, wax,
or block paraffin, or other solid substance of a similar nature, such
as vegetable or other wax, or hard tallow, in combination with crude

page_text: or other turpentine; but I prefer a composition of paraffin, wax, and
crude turpentine, in or about the proportion of two to one. The paper
so prepared is then immediately pressed, and its surplus composition
removed by being passed through rollers heated by preference by means
of steam, and the paper is then dry and ready for use in less than a
minute.
•
By employing paper in so-called endless sheets or rolls the aforesaid
manufacture may be carried out conveniently and expeditiously as
follows: The endless paper is passed from one roller through the
melted composition, then through the steam rollers, and then along
to the roller on which it is to be finally stored; but so that the paper
takes the required time for drying while passing from the steam'
rollers to the other roller on which it is to be wound for storing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DANDY ROLLERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitehead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1873.
I, JOHN WHITEHEAD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DANDY ROLLERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of dandy roller in which the
body or framework is constructed of pieces of wire soldered or brazed
together, and consists in improved arrangements and forms of the wires,
and the ends of the roller in order to obtain great strength combined
with extreme lightness.
I take as many lengths of wire as are necessary to form the internal
part of the roller, and bend them in a corrugated or zig-zag form to the
required length of the roller, after which I bend their ends first down-
wards and then horizontally to form when combined with a central wire
and covered with brass tubes short shafts or pivots.)
To each corrugated wire I tie and afterwards solder or brazo a
straight wire a little longer than the required length of the roller, and

page_text: then tic and solder or braze all the corrugated wires at equal distances
apart to the central wire passing through the pivots, after which I fix to
the straight wires any required number of wire rings placed transversely.
On these rings I tie and solder or braze a sufficient number of horizontal
wires to ensure when wormed or covered with wire a round and smooth
surface for the gauze cover or laid work, and the outer ends of the
straight wires are passed through notches or spaces in the peripheries of
metal wheels or discs, forming the ends of the roller then firmly soldered
or brazed, and cut off flush.
'The gauze cover is sewn on in the usual way with its ends projecting
a short distance over the metal wheels or discs, which ends are cut into
zig-zags to enable them to be bent down, and afterwards covered with
metal caps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINERY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brimley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1873.
I, CHARLES BRIMLEY, of Cransley, near Kettering, in the County of
Northampton, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINERY," to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to provide a more efficient cutter for
reaping machines than those at present in use. To attain this end I fit
the cutter bar with a series of sickle blades, and give to these blades a
motion like that which is given to the hand sickle by the reaper. The
reaping machine I provide with fingers according to the usual practice,
but I give them a lateral extension on one side, so as to form a côncave
edge for the sickle blades to cut against. The sickle bar I connect at its
opposite ends with cranks or eccentrics, by the rotation of which the bar is
5 caused to advance the sickle blades into the corn, then to move them
laterally and to retract them, so as to bring the corn which they have
gathered between the blades and the concave edges of the fingers to
ensure the severance of the straw, and then to make a return motion to

page_text: bring them into a position for renewing the cut. Motion is communicated
to the driving crank or excentric through a train of gearing actuated by
a face wheel on the axle of the running wheels; and by this gearing the
speed of the cutter bar is so timed relatively to the forward traverse of
the machine as to ensure the return of the cutter blades to the position
for advancing into the standing corn so soon as it is reached by the
gathering fingers.
bring them into a position for renewing the cut. Motion is communicated
to the driving crank or excentric through a train of gearing actuated by
a face wheel on the axle of the running wheels; and by this gearing the
speed of the cutter bar is so timed relatively to the forward traverse of
the machine as to ensure the return of the cutter blades to the position
for advancing into the standing corn so soon as it is reached by the
gathering fingers.
If thought desirable I may use two sets of cutters to act alternately
on the standing grain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE COUNTERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Lafargue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1873.
I, ALPHONSE LAFARGUE, of 12, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE COUNTERS," to be as follows:--
This Invention is for the purpose of registering the speed or revolutions
of steam engines, shafting, or any other rotary motor however high the
velocity, and to indicate the same up to any number of revolutions, cither
forward or reversing. This instrument is composed of two revolving
toothed wheels or discs placed face to face against each other, and
secured to each other by a centre bolt passing through them, just
sufficiently tight to allow either of the toothed wheels or discs to revolve
freely and independently of each other upon the same axis which is
common to both. One of the two wheels or discs contain more teeth than
the other, so that the one shall travel every single and the other every
hundred or more revolutions, to be indicated or registered upon an index
shewn on the face of one of the two toothed wheels or discs, having a
pointer fixed independently which registers the number of revolutions.

page_text: To make the instrument register, an endless screw or worm is made to
revolve by being connected to the driving engine, shaft, pulley, or any other
appliance, and is made to gear partly in the one and partly in the other
toothed wheel or disc by means of a spring connecting them, which can
be extended by pressing down a thumbscrew attached to the said spring,
so as to throw the toothed wheels or discs out of gear of the endless
screw or worm, when required for discontinuing the indications or
setting the instrument.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PARING AND SLICING POTATOES, APPLES, AND OTHER VEGETABLES AND FRUIT
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Spurge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1873. A communication from abroad by Robert Spurge, of New
Rochelle, State of New York, United States of America.
I, JAMES SPURGE; of Coggershall, in the County of Essex, Lace
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PARING AND SLICING POTATOES, APPLES, AND OTHER
VEGETABLES AND FRUIT," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention communicated to me consists in the construction of an
improved apparatus for paring and slicing potatoes, turnips, carrots,
cucumbers, apples, pears, lemons, and other vegetables and fruit at a
small cost, and whereby the paring and slicing may be effected with
facility and promptitude.
This apparatus is constructed of an ordinary straight steel blade and
handle, and of a contrivance applied thereto. This contrivance consists
of a length or rod of metal wire, the ends respectively of which are
turned round and form a number of parallel coils or a spiral spring.
These coils are of such a diameter as shall bring the wire rod parallel

page_text: to and flush with the cutting edge of the blade, which is placed between
the corresponding coils at each end of the rod according to the depth of
cut required, and takes its bearing therein, and is fixed thereby. The
number of the turns or coils of wire varies with the range or variety of
depth or thickness of cut required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LUBRICATING THE PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Milner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1873.
I, EZRA MILNER, of Clayton, near Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LUBRICATING THE PARTS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is to cause the steam, or it may be hot air
or gas, as it passes to the cylinder to take up or combine with grease, so
that such steam, air, or gas in its progress may have the effect of
lubricating the parts of the engine by the grease it has absorbed.
I place between the cylinder and stop valve, or any other part of the
main pipe which feeds the engine, a pipe with a branch pipe on the
top "round or square," with a flange on it to fasten with screws or
bolts;
This branch
I also put a screw plug in the top of the flange.
pipe is arranged so as to put a bottom in with one or more holes in it;
or a pipe or pipes with a top screwed on with one or more holes in; also
if required to break the pressure of the steam more, I insert one or more

page_text: tiers of plates or shelves and a box or vessel with one or more holes in;
or a regulating slide valve fixed on the side of it, and inside this pipe,
box, or vessel I put suet or fat, and the steam as it is passing through
the main pipe to the engine heats and melts it, thereby causing it to
lubricate the steam before it enters the cylinder or cylinders of the
engine. Or I make a pipe or box with a flange on the top, and one on
bottom if required, to fasten with screws or bolts; I also put a screw
plug in the top flange. In this pipe or box I insert if required to break
the pressure of the steam one or more tiers of plates or shelves and a
box or vessel with one or more holes in the bottom, or a regulating slide
valve fixed on the side of it. I put suct or fat in this pipe, box, or
vessel, and fix and connect it with another pipe on the top of the main
steam pipe or valve chest which feeds the engine, and I put a tap
between so at any time I can open or shut off the steam into the pipe
or box so fixed, so as to heat and melt the suet or fat therein; and
in order to break or regulate it more I insert another pipe inside
the pipe between the tap and the main steam pipe or valve chest; also
if required I screw a top on the pipe with one or more holes in, which
goes from the top of the tap into the pipe or box. When melted it
will lubricate the steam before it enters the cylinder or cylinders of
the engine.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPA- RATUS FOR COMPENSATING FOR EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION IN RODS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY POINT RODS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Frederick Stevens
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st February 1873.
I, JAMES JOHN FREDERICK STEVENS, of Darlington Works, South-
wark, in the County of Surrey, Railway Signal Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS FOR COMPENSATING FOR EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION IN RODS, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY POINT RODS," to be as follows :-
The primary object of my Invention is to compensate for the expansion
and contraction of the rods used for working points on railways. This
has hitherto been effected by dividing the point rod at or near the centre
thereof, and by interposing at that position a cross bar to the ends of
which the two portions of the point rod are attached; but this mode is
in many cases inconvenient chiefly from want of room for the cross bar.
Now my Invention consists in the introduction between the two
portions of the point rod of the apparatus about to be explained. This
apparatus is composed of a pair of toothed segments in gear with each
other (which when convenient may be placed in a box sunk in the

page_text: ground); each of these segments has an arm which is connected to the
end of the corresponding half of the point rod. Thus whatever motion
is given to the first portion of the point rod by the pointsman is trans-
mitted by the toothed segments to the second portion, and therefore to
the point itself, while any alteration in the length of the two portions of
the point rod owing to variation of temperature does not affect the
position of the point, but simply imparts a slight compensating move-
ment to the toothed segments and their arms.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP OR HALF STUFF
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Page at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1873.
I, HENRY PAGE, of Market Buildings, Mincing Lane, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP OR HALF STUFF," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of paper pulp or half-stuff
from fibrous materials suitable for the manufacture of paper, cardboard,
millboard, pasteboard, and papier maché, and consists in operating upon
the fibrous material in the following manner and by the following
means:-
Suppose for example spent hops are employed, I proceed as follows:-
I first prepare the hops for boiling by subjecting them to the action of
any suitable mechanism for opening or separating the fibres, after which
I proceed to boil the fibre either in a solution of soda of commerce or
milk of lime in a suitablo vessel, in the proportion of about two hundred-
weight more or less of the soda or milk of lime to every ton weight of

page_text: fibro. The boiling may be effected by steam pressure; sulphur or
muriatic acid in small quantities may be used in combination with the
soda or milk of limo (or after the boiling), and if necessary the boiled
fibres treated as above described may afterwards be bleachod by any of
the known means.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING FIBROUS MATTER WITH PRESERVATIVE AGENTS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS THERE- FOB
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th November 1873.-A communication from abroad by
Thomas Sim, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America, Doctor of Medicine.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING FIBROUS MATTER WITH PRESERVATIVE AGENTS, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS THERE-
FOB," a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Sim, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America, Doctor of
Medicine, to be as follows :—
The first part of the Invention relates to the production or preparation
and the application of aniline oil as a material for rendering fabrics acid-
proof. The aniline oil is produced by distilling nitro-benzole on iron
filings, and may be applied by saturating the fabric in it, and after
expressing the surplus oil applying tar, pitch, or other bituminous matter
dissolved in bisulphide of carbon, the bisulphide of carbon serving as a

page_text: vehicle for introducing and distributing the bituminous matter, and
being subsequently expelled by evaporation.
In the process which constitutes the second part of this Invention
liquid bisulphide of carbon is employed as a vehicle for distributing
through any fibrous matter a body of oil, gum, wax, or other material as i
a preservative agent, or to render the said fibrous matter acid or water-
proof, or for other useful purposes.
The apparatus which constitutes the third part of the Invention
consists of a treating vat with appliances for introducing and removing
the fibrous matter, and a reservoir for the solution, with devices for 1
introducing the latter into the treating vat and taking it therefrom.
Means are also provided for driving off in vapour any of the bisulphide
of carbon which does not readily drain out of the fibrous matter and
recovering it by condensation.
The composition which constitutes the fourth part of the Invention ]
consists of aniline oil with tar, pitch, or other bituminous matter,
dissolved in bisulphide of carbon. The office of the aniline oil in this
composition is to resist acid and render the fibrous matter to which it is
applied acid proof. It is of great value for preparing bags for the recep-
tion of acid fertilizers. The function of the bituminous material is to 2
fix the oil.
The composition may be made prior to its application to the fabric, or
"
.
..
..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIG IRON, ADAPTED FOR THE BESSEMER PROCESS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watson Ormiston, of Shotts, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Manager of the Shotts Iron Company, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIG IRON,
ADAPTED FOR THE BESSEMER PROCESS."
Sealed the 19th August 1873, and dated the 8th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watson Ormiston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th May 1873.
I, JOHN WATSON ORMISTON of Shotts, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manager of the Shotts Iron Company, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PIG IRON ADAPTED FOR THE BESSEMER PROCESS," to be as follows, that is to
SAV

page_text: the production of a pig iron suitable for being used in the Bessemer
converter.
The Invention consists in smelting the carbonates in combination or
admixture with hematite ores, and in particular the carbonate known as
the "curly ball" ironstone, so as to produce a pig iron compounded of t
these ores, or the carbonates of iron known as the "curly ball" iron-
stone may be mixed with the other carbonates in the blast furnace to
produce a pig iron compounded of them.
The proportions of the several ores used in producing the compound
pig iron may be varied according to the quality of Bessemer metal it is 1
desired to produce.
The smelting of the mixed ores is carried on in the usual manner, and
the distinguishing property of the compound pig iron is its freedom
from or small percentage of sulphur and phosphorus.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN PORTABLE COMBINED BRICK AND TILE-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thornalley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1873.
I, JOSEPH THORNALLEY, of Stickney, in the County of Lincoln, Brick-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN PORTABLE COMBINED BRICK AND TILE-MAKING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
¡The present Invention relates to and consists in the novel combination
or connection of a pug mill with a portable and simplo self-feeding com-
bined brick and tile-making machine.
The improved combined machine is mado, by proference, of cast iron
(excepting the axles, shafts, and top cylinder, which are made of wrought
iron), and it is driven by gearing (actuated by manual and horse power),
which by means of a rack causes a plunger scoured thereto to reciprocato
in a box or receptacle into which the clay is forced from the pug mill
which is placed above it.
The clay being tempered to the necessary consistency is put in at the
top of the cylinder of the pug mill, and after being out and masticated

page_text: therein by knives fixed on its central spindle or shaft (which is actuated
by a horse as hitherto) is forced by the same means down through
suitable openings into alternato opposite ends of the box above mentioned,
whero it is compressed and moulded by the reciprocation of the plunger
(which is actuated by a man) into (say) bricks at the one end, and drain &
or other tiles at the other end, and then forced out from the machine, or
they may be otherwise removed.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR USING WITH THE SEWING MACHINES THE THREAD BALLS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1873.-A communication from Marc Klotz, residing
at Paris, Passage Saunier.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR USING WITH THE SEWING
MACHINES THE THREAD BALLS," communicated to me by Marc Klotz, a
person resident at Paris, Passage Saunier, to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the use with the sewing machines of the
thread balls, such as they are sold in the trade, as the thread bobbins
have heretofore been used, and consists to attach upon the envelope or
case surrounding the thread ball, or upon a box furnished with a lid in
which the thread ball is inserted a socket consisting of a sheet of metal
or other suitable material through which passes the vertical or horizontal

page_text: spindle of the sewing machines on which the thread bobbins have up to
this day been placed, or also to keep in position the envelope or case or
the box by means of pincers provided at the back with a socket through
which the vertical or horizontal spindle above mentioned passes.
Whatever the improved means above indicated may be used, the
unrolling of the thread is operated from the centre to the circumference
of the ball.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES OR FIRE-PLACES, OVENS, AND BOLLERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Barraclough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st March 1878.
I, JOHN EDWARD BARRAOLOUGH, of Stanningley, near Leeds, in
the County of York, Ironfounder and Kitchen Range Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES OR FIRE-PLACES, OVENS, AND BOLLERS" (to be as
follows):-
The object of this Invention is to economize fuel by promoting a
better diffusion and utilization of the heat of the fire, and also to render
such fire-places, ovens, and boilers, more convenient for use, and these
improvements consist in dispensing with masons' or bricklayers' work
by constructing and arranging the range or fire-place, oven or ovens,
and boiler of metal in such manner as to form one compact piece so that
it may be placed in any convenient part of the kitchen or room with a
pipe therefrom to the chimney or flue, and by preference I have two ovens
with the range placed betwixt them in somewhat similar manner as
usual, except that the ovens are at an angle to each other, thus forming
a triangular shape of fire-place, the back parts of the ovens leaving only

page_text: a small space betwixt provided with a grate or perforated plate for the
passage of smoke and heat when required to pass in that direction; but
when not, to be closed by a damper or valve. Behind these ovens is an
enclosed space forming a hot air chamber communicating with the fire-
place by flues around or under and over the ovens, the said flues being
provided with dampers or valves to close or open the passages as and
when required. This hot air chamber is provided with a smoke flue or
pipo at the top; continued into the chimney and around the said flue is
formed a water-tight space or boiler provided. with a tap in front abovo
the fire-place (which may be covered with a plate to hold pans), so that
hot water may be drawn therefrom into pans when on the plate, or into
other vessels as and when required. Or instead of one of these ovens an
ordinary boiler may be used. The bottom and back plates of the oven
have apertures therein closed by thin moveable plates, whereby the heat
required in the oven is more readily obtained, and the expansion and
contraction of the said plates is provided for, and whereby breakage
of such plates is avoided. By this construction and arrangement great
cconomy is obtained in fuel as well as in fixing and using.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DYED AND BLEACHED YARNS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joe Marshall Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1873..
I, JOE MARSHALL JOHNSON, of Mirfield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRODUCTION OF DYED AND BLEACHED YARNS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in manufacturing dyed and bleached yarns they have
invariably been dyed or bleached after being spun, either being dyed or
bleached in the " cop or wound from the cop or bobbin into hanks,
and then dyed or bleached.
"
My Invention consists principally in dyeing or bleaching the cotton
or other fibrous substance in the "slubbing" stage before the roving
and spinning processes, whereby a great economy is effected in time
and labor, and the operation of reeling and winding the hanks of yarn
is entirely dispensed with.
I take the bobbins from the spindles of the slubbing frame with
the slubbings wound thereon, and I boil or steam them in a suitable
vessel. This boiling or steaming of the slubbings is an important

page_text: part of my Invention, as without it they could not possibly be dyed
or bleached at this stage of the process, but the effect of the boiling
or steaming is to give such a consistency to the slubbings that they
can be handled without fear of breaking. I now reel off the slubbings
into hanks, and after drying them in a "hydro-extractor" I dye or
bleach them in the usual manner. They are afterwards again dried
in the "hydro-extractor' and wound on to bobbins, which are then
placed in the creel of the intermediate or roving frame, and the operation
of preparing and spinning is continued in the usual manner.
"
The time and expense of reeling a slubbing into a hank being less
one-tenth that of reeling the same slubbing when spun into yarn it will
be evident that a great saving is thereby effected.
In making mingled or speckled yarn also there is a considerable
saving, as all that is necessary is to run a white and a dyed slubbing
together in the roving frame when the desired effect is produced, instead
of twisting the two yarns together after or during the spinning process,
as heretofore.