IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS " FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GASES AND VAPOURS FOR HEATING: ILLUMINATING OR OTHER PURPOSE AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE COMBUSTION OR UTILISATION OF SUCH GASES OR VAPOURS APPLICABLE IN PART FOR USE IN THE COMBUSTION OF OTHER FUEL "" OR FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Arthur of Cowes Isle of Wight Captain in
the Royal Navy-for-an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS
"
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GASES AND
VAPOURS FOR HEATING: ILLUMINATING OR OTHER PURPOSE AND IN APPARATUS
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE COMBUSTION OR UTILISATION OF SUCH GASES OR
VAPOURS APPLICABLE IN PART FOR USE IN THE COMBUSTION OF OTHER FUEL
""
OR FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES communicated to him from Joseph
Pearson Gill a person resident in the City County and State of New York in
the United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Arthur at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1883.
.
WILLIAM ARTHUR of Cowes, Isle of Wight, Captain in the Royal Navy
"IMPROVEMENTS IN, AND APPARATUS FOR, THE MANUFACTURE, OR PRODUCTION,
AND DISTRIBUTION, OF GASES AND VAPOURS, FOR HEATING, ILLUMINATING, OR
OTHER PURPOSE, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE COMBUSTION, OR
UTILIZATION, OF SUCH GASES OR VAPOURS, APPLICABLE IN PART FOR USE IN THE
COMBUSTION OF OTHER FUEL OR FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES "--a communi-
cation to me from Joseph Pearson Gill a person resident in the City County and
State of New York in the United States of America
This Invention relates in part to improvements upon the Invention for which
Letters Patent N° 916 were granted to me as of the 20th February 1883.
The principal object of the present Invention is to simplify the apparatus and
to enlarge its capacity so that the same apparatus may be used in various ways
with various materials and varied results accomplished, which have been heretofore
accomplished only by many different sets of independent apparatus, further the
object of the Invention is to simplify and improve the process of treating gases
and vapours.

page_text: •
The principal elements in tlie apparatus are two Cupolas which I will call
respectively A and A' These are constructed with an exterior shell of wrought.
or cast iron for the purpose of giving them the required strength and they are
made Gas and Steam tight throughout and lined with fire brick or other suitable
material..
The Cupola A is provided with a combustion chamber having Gas tight door
firo bars and ash pit having also a Gas tight door The interior of the Cupola is
adapted to be filled in whole or in part with a metallic mineral or carbonaceous
material which rests upon a fire proof perforated support or grate placed over the
combustion chamber In the top of the Cupola is a sinoke flue having a Gas tight
Valve and the upper portion of the Cupola is also provided with a pipe having
Valve for the passage of Gas Air and Vapours. A pipe opens preferably into the
combustion chamber but it may open into the Cupola above the perforated grating
if desired. The last named pipe is provided with a Valve and between this valve
and the cupola is a branch provided with a valve for carrying off the products of
combustion as required.
The perforated grating is adapted to support either combustible or incombustible
material. The top of the cupola is constructed to permit the introduction or
removal of any of these materials and at same time to maintain the whole cupola
in a Gas and Steam tight condition.
When coal is used in the Cupola it may be necessary to introduce it while the
apparatus is in operation and to meet all the requirements of the case a hopper and
chute is provided at the top of the Cupola. The said hopper may be adapted
to contain a charge of Coal or other material. It is in this case provided with a
valve which may fit loosely and on which the coal is first placed. Above it is a
tight fitting valve and below it is a distributing chute in the form of a cone held
in position by means of rods leaving an annular space so that the coal or other
material dropped by the opening of the valve next above is spread and distributed
within the cupola. The upper valve is opened when the material is to be
introduced into the hopper the Cupola being in operation and then closed the lower
one being opened when required to adimit the coal to the cupola. For Cupolas of
large dimensions the conical distributing chute is raised lowered or held by means
of a shaft having a grooved-pulley over which a chain attached to the cone passes.
The bearings of the shaft are air tight and there is an operating crank outside the
hopper. The pulley is in circumference somewhat greater than the distance
through which the distributor must drop to deliver the coal. The shaft crosses
the hopper at a distance from the centre equal to the semi diameter of the pulley.
The chain passes around the pulley and is fastened to the top of the distributor.
The edge of the pulley being always in the centre of the hopper tho chute will
always move up and down in the axial line of the hopper. A Gas tight Valve is
placed above to allow the hopper to be filled and the intermediate valvo is
dispensed with. A pawl is provided to keep the shaft from turning when the
distributing valve is to be held up.
The second cupola A is in all respects like that hereinbefore described. The two
cupolas are in communication near their tops by a pipe and at points below the
perforated gratings by another pipe, these pipes having suitable valves. Between
the two cupolas and in connection with the last named pipes is a vertical chamber
or Vaporizer which is surrounded by fire brick and Metallic casing leaving an
annular space between the fire brick and the Vaporizer The outlet from the
Vaporizer communicates with the said annular space which is for the passage of the
products of combustion from an independent fire chamber over the grate bars
above the asli pit of the said space. This fire chamber is adapted to be used with
Coal Vapours or Gas for heating the Vaporizing chamber. The Vaporizor has at
its top a pipe with valve for the admission of hydrocarbon liquids to be vaporized
therein. It has also an outlet pipe communicating with the interior of the
Vaporizer for the passage of the vapours produced therein when so required.
This Vaporizer is a dry Vaporizer in which no liquid is allowed to collect is the

page_text: hydrocarbon liquid is vaporized taken up and removed by the steam or heated air
as fast as it is permitted to enter the said Vaporizer.
The Vaporizer has attached to it a Pyrometer by means of which the
temperatures required to vaporize liquids of different specific gravities boiling
points and points of destructive distillation are indicated so as to be changed and
maintained according to the character of the liquids to be vaporized..
The second cupola is provided with pipes corresponding with those on the first
cupola and that it is immaterial so far as the construction of the cupola is
concerned which way they are worked whether from A' to A² or from A to A¹.
I have described the construction of the Cupolas and their adjuncts whereby
they may be heated or the products of combustion passed from one to the other or
passed out.
I will now proceed to describe the pipes for the admission of Steam Gas vapour
or Air either above or below. Four sets of pipes are provided a set communicating
with the upper part and another set with the lower part of each cupola the
latter opening above the fire grate into the combustion chamber.
I will describe the sets on each cupola which description will answer for both.
Into one pipe communicating with the upper part of the interior of the Cupola
four pipes open. Each pipe has a cock or valve, one pipe is for the admission of
Steam another pipe is for the admission of carbonaceous vapours mixed with Steam
or heated air. The third pipe is for the admission of Gas and the fourth pipe is for
the admission of air. These pipes supply all the materials to be operated upon to
the upper part of the Cupola excepting the Oil Naptha or other hydrocarbon
liquids which are introduced into the upper part of each of the Cupolas through
pipes arranged to drop the liquid upon the incandescent material within the Cupolas.
The pipes (also provided with valves or cocks) for introducing the gases or
vapours below are as follows. One pipe is for the admission of steam into the
Combustion Chamber; another pipe admits carbonaceous vapours mixed with
steam or heated air, another pipe is for the admission of Gas and the fourth pipe is
for the admission of air. All these pipes excepting the pipes for the admission of
air preferably communicate only with the main pipe which leads directly to the
combustion chamber The fourth pipe is provided with a branch (with regulating
valve) leading into the Ash pit whereby air may also be supplied to the burning
fuel. Suitable pressure guages and safety valves are attached to the Cupolas and
Thermometers are also provided in connection with the vapour pipes opening into
the upper part of the Cupolas. A Pyrometer herein before referred to is connected
with the interior of the Vaporizer The valves on the connecting pipes between the
upper and between the lower parts of the cupolas are located between the Vaporizer
and the Cupolas.
Modifications of the general apparatus may be made to adapt it to special
operations as hereinafter described. The cupolas in their construction and con-
nection are precisely the same as those herein before described but in the said
modifications a Cupola is added to the arrangement hereinbefore described either to
one side or the other.
The operation of these modifications is hereinafter fully described.
Referring again to the first described arrangement for most of the purposes to
which the apparatus is to be applied the Cupolas are filled with suitable non-
combustible material having preferably uniform and subdivided spaces.
For
ordinary purposes the two cupolas may be filled with some kind of refractory
material as fire bricks but for special purposes as for example as where a Gas of
less specific gravity is required A² may be filled with pieces of iron such as chains
or perforated iron balls. The non combustible materials in the Cupolas are heated
by the combustion of Coal in the fire chambers air being admitted in regulated
quantities through the air pipe branches in preference to employing a natural
draught. Both Cupolas may be simultaneously heated by fire in each grate and
the products of combustion supplied with air through the air pipe above the fire
bed may be completely consumed within the cupola and amongst the incombustible

page_text: material. These products from the first Cupola may be taken through the upper
connecting pipe and the Vaporizer down to the lower connecting pipe into the tire
chamber of the second cupola and aid in heating the said Cupola or the same
products if there be no fire upon the grate of the second cupola may be conducted
through the incombustible materials in that cupola and pass out through the smoke
stack thereof.. If it be preferred to heat the Cupolas by means of hydrocarbon
vapours and air or hydrocarbon vapours and steain these materials may be supplied
through the pipes herein before described so that the apparatus may be used either
with solid or vaporous or gaseous fuel. As the air pipes are arranged to admit air
either above or below the grate the proportions of air above and below may be
regulated both absolutely and in relation. to each other so that the kind of heat
adapted to the purpose had in view may be produced. If an intense concentrated.
lient be required the air may be admitted below either wholly or in the larger
proportion to increase the combustion of the solid fuel or if a larger amount
of flame and a more diffused heat be required a smaller quantity of air may be
introduced below the grate and a part of the air for the combustion be introduced
above whereby the unconsumed products generated from the solid fuel may be
consumed in the fire chamber and amongst the noncombustible material in the
Cupola.
Further by means of the valves in the air pipes and by the pressure guages the
precise amount of air required to unite with carbon and produce perfect combustion
without any excess of air may be determined and maintained This capacity for
variation in respect to intensity or diffusion has its uses in respect to the operations
of the apparatus. If the purpose be simply to heat the incombustible material in
the Cupola and thus prepare it to superheat air or steam or to vaporize liquid
hydro-carbon or to act upon the mixed vapor as a fixing retort, then the air will bo
adınitted both below and above the grate and the carbonaceous vapours and gases
arising from the solid fuel would be consumed in their passage through the
material in the cupola heating the uniformly throughout. But if on the other
hand it be desired to reinforce the heat of the solid fuel on the grate by vapor fuel
introduced in the upper part of the Cupola then an intense and concentrated heat
may be caused in the fuel on the grate by the admission of air beneath the grate
without the introduction of air above the grate. In this case the direction of the
current will be from the upper part of the cupola down through the incombustible
material over the fire bed and into the horizontal pipe connecting the lower parts
of the cupolas and thence into the fire chamber of the second cupola It will be
understood that the Cupolas are heated and used alternately that is to say by
means of the fire upon the grate or these fires and the heat from the hydro-carbon
vapors, the incombustible materials within the cupola are brought into a properly
heated condition, then the cupola is used either as a superheater or vaporizer or
fixing retort or in any of the ways hereinafter explained until the heat is 80
reduced that it needs to be renewed which renewal of the heat is effected in the
same way as at first the proper valves being opened and closed to give direction to
the current and the current may be made to pass either outwardly through the
cupola and across through the horizontal pipe connecting the upper parts of the
cupolas or downward and across through the pipe connecting the lower part of the
.cupolas and either upwardly or downwardly through the vaporizer or upward or
.downward through the second cupola or the current may be reversed and pass from
the second cupola to the first in the same manner.
Having thus described the construction of the cupolas and their adjuncts and
the general operation and direction of the currents in the generation of heat which
is to prepare the cupolas for their action upon the various materials used to
produce gases or vapours I will now proceed to describe the various modes of
operation for the production of the various gases and vapors which are required
for lighting and heating purposes or for the treatment of minerals ores or metals.
It should be here premised that when steam alone is supplied to the cupolas, it
is brought directly from the Generator or superheater which may be of ordinary

page_text: construction. But when it is brought in connection with air vapor or gas, it is
conveyed through regulating and forcing devices hereinafter described the gases and
vapors supplied to the cupolas being all, excepting the steam when supplied
directly forced in accurately regulated quantities into the Cupolas by means by
this automatically regulating forcing device. It will be understood that when
the cupolas are referred to alone it is meant to include all their adjuncts such as
connecting pipes valves guages and regulating and forcing devices which go to
make the apparatus operative.
In order to make illuminating or nonilluminating gas in the above described.
apparatus. I use in the first Cupola firebrick or equivalent material placed loosely.
the second cupola having preferably loosely placed iron and the intermediate
vaporizer with an oil supply. Steam is turned on into the upper part of the first
cupola previously heated and passes downward through the brick in which it is
superheated it then passes into the bottom of the vaporizer and there meets and
mingles with the vapor of the hydrocarbon thence passes over into the top of the
second cupola and down through the heated iron where it is fixed, and forms a
light illuminating or non illuminating gas according to the amount of hydrocarbon
oil introduced to the vaporizer. The same process may be carried on in the same
apparatus by introducing the steam into the bottom of the first cupola, passing it
down through the vaporizer and up through the second cupola.
In order to produce a richer illuminating gas the hydrocarbon liquid supply pipe
in the top of the first Cupola is brought into use and pass steam and hydro-carbon
liquid vaporized through the heated firebrick of the first cupola forming hydrogen
and carbonic oxide which is carried through the vaporizer where it takes up
another element of hydro-carbon vapour from oil therein introduced and is passed.
over to the second Cupola in which are also heated fire bricks the gases and
vapours therein being fixed to form an illuminating gas.
An illuminating or non-illuminating gas may also be made without the use of
hydro-carbon liquid in the first Cupola, by placing therein upon the grating solid
carbon passing steam up through the same when incandescent, thence passing the
product over to and through the vaporizer where it takes up hydro-carbon liquid
from the supply pipe and from the vaporizer is carried to the second, cupola
containing the heated firebrick passing through which it is converted into gas.
An illuminating or nonilluminating gas may be made in one cupola by bringing
into requisition the steam and oil pipe and filling the cupola with loose:firebrick.
In this case the oil is vaporized by falling on the heated brick and with the steam
introduced above, is passed down through the cupola and emerges converted into
bydrogen and carbonic oxide which may be conducted to the desired point for
storage or use.
Instead of the liquid hydro-carbon introduced into the upper part of the cupola
and dropped upon the heated firebrick. steam and hydrocarbon vapor mixed
and forced by the forcing and regulating apparatus may be introduced directly
to the cupola and passed through either to make an illuminating or nonilluminating
gas in the manner hereinbefore described. This method is the preferable one in
large Works.
An illuminating gas may also be made in the first cupola containing the heated
firebrick by introducing a nonilluminating gas which may be forced in proper and
uniform quantities into the upper part of the cupola A¹ and there mixed with
the vapor of the oil dropped and vaporized upon the fire bricks and the mingled
gas and vapor passed through the fire bricks will be converted into an
illuminating gas.
A nonilluminating gas may also be carburetted and converted into an illuminating
gas by using cupolas A¹ and A² and the vaporizer. In this case both contain the
heated firebrick and the non illuminating gas is passed through from top to
bottom of the first cupola thence through the Vaporizer, where it takes up the
proper quantity of hydro-carbon vapor and thence is passed into the top of the
second cupola and passing through downward is converted into an illuminating gas

page_text: A simple vapor may be made by the use of the first cupola and the steam pipe.
and the oil supply pipe in the top of the cupola. In this caso it is necessary to
maintain the heat of the cupola below that required for the decomposition of the
steam and hydrocarbon vapor. The oil is simply vaporized in the cupola and is
carried down by the steam and passes out at the bottom of the cupola.
Vapor in like manner may be made by using the cupola A' and the vaporizer,
steam being passed through the fire bricks and is then carried to the bottom of the
vaporizer and mixed with hydro carbon vapor from the oil supply through the
pipe and the mingled steam and hydro-carbon vapor thence conveyed to the
point of use. The steam in this case is simply superheated in the first cupola.
A heating vapor may also be produced by introducing steam into the bottom of
the cupola. A passing it up through solid carbon in the same, heated only below the
point of destructive distillation and thence carrying the mingled steam and carbon
vapors over to the top of the vaporizer where it is mingled with an additional
proportion of hydro-carbon vapor from oil introduced to the vaporizer and from
the bottom of the vaporizer the mingled vapors are passed to the point of use.
A vapor may also be made for lighting or heating by bringing into requisition
the air pipe with the cupola A' and the Vaporizer. In this case the cupola contains
the heated fire brick. Air is passed through the fire brick and heated and thence
is passed to the vaporizer where it meets and mixes with the vaporized liquid
hydro-carbon and thence the mingled air and hydro-carbon vapors are passed to
the point where they are to be used.
A mixture of carbonic oxide Nitrogen and Hydrogen vapor may be mado by
using the air pipe in connection with the lower part of the cupola. A³ the vaporizer
and the oil pipe above. In this case the air is passed up through the incandescent
solid carbon in the Cupola A' where it is converted into Carbonic Oxide and ·
Nitrogen. These gases are then passed over to the top of the vaporizer where
they are mingled with the vaporized hydro-carbon and the commingled gases and
vapor are thence passed to the point of consumption.
Pure hydrogen gas may be made in the Apparatus in several ways by calling
into use different parts thereof. First the Cupolas A and A² are used the steam
and vapor pipe with the first and the steam pipe with the second using fire bricks
in botli. Steam and hydro-carbon vapor are introduced into the first cupola passed
down through the highly heated bricks and converted into hydrogen and Carbonic
Oxide. These are passed through the top of the second cupola to which steam is
also admitted and the mixture is thence passed down through the highly beated
bricks in the second cupola and converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid gas.
They are thence conveyed to a purifier where the carbonic acid gas is removed and
the pure hydrogen is conveyed to the point of storage or use.
Gas may also be made by the same apparatus by simply changing the direction
of the current through the Cupolas the steam and vapor being introduced in the
bottom of the first cupola.
If it be desired to use oil instead of hydro-carbon vapors one of the before
mentioned modifications is used bringing into use three Cupolas all three being
filled with fire brick. This process is carried ou by introducing steam into the
top of the first Cupola, passing it down through the heated bricks, thence to the
top of the vaporizer wherein it takes up the hydro-carbon vapors from the vaporized
oil thence is passed to the second Cupola where it is converted into hydrogen and
carbonic oxide and thence to the third cupola in which it is mixed with steam
and converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid gas, it thence passes to the purifier
when the carbonic acid gas is removed and the hydrogen conveyed to points of
storage or use.
The same process may be carried on in two Cupolas filled with fire bricks by
introducing steam and oil into the top of the first cupola and steami into the
second. In this case the fire bricks in the first cupola are heated sufficiently to
decompose the steam and hydro-carbon vapours from the oil dropped upon the
bricks,

page_text: Hydrogen gas may also be produced without the use of liquid or vapor hydro-
carbon by placing the solid carbon in the cupola A¹ and thence passing steam
through the solid carbon brought to a state of incandescence whereby hydrogen
and carbonic oxide are produced. The mixed gases are conveyed directly to the
top of the second cupola which is filled with fire brick and there mixed with steam
introduced into the top of the Cupola. The commingled gases and steam are there
converted into carbonic acid nitrogen and bydrogen which are taken to the points
of storage or use.
An illuminating or non-illuminating air gas may be made by the use of the two
Cupolas A¹ A filled with fire, bricks, by calling into use the air and oil pipes and
the vapourizer. In this case air is introduced into the top of the cupola A' heated
in passing through it, is thence taken to the vapourizer, where it takes up tho'
vapour of the oil introduced therein; is thence passed into the top of the second
copula and passing downward therein through the highly heated bricks is converted.
into carbonic Oxide, light carburetted hydrogen and nitrogen with an element of
unconverted hydrocarbon vapour.
The same process may be carried on with a larger proportion of Carbonic oxide
in the result, by using in the first cupola A incandescent solid carbon. In this
case the lower air pipe is brought into use. The air is passed up through the
incandescent carbon and the carbonic oxide carried over to the vapourizer where it
takes up hydrocarbon vapour. It is thence passed to the second cupola containing
the highly heated fire bricks where it is converted into the same kind of gases
with a residuum of hydro-carbon vapour as herein before described except that
there is an increase in the proportion of carbonic oxide.
One of the herein before mentioned modifications may also be used to make an
illuminating hydrogen gas. In this case the cupolas are all filled with fire-bricks
or equivalent materials and by means of the Steam and hydro-carbon vapour pipes
these vapours are introduced into the one cupola and passed through the highly
heated bricks and are converted into hydrogen and Carbonic Oxide; thence they
are passed to the second cupola, meeting there with Steam from the Steam pipe.
The mingled gases and vapours are passed through highly heated bricks in this
cupola and are converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid. These gases are passed
through the vapourizer and take up vapours from the oil therein vapourized and
are thence passed through the third cupola, wherein further re-actions take place
and produce a mixture of hydrogen, light and heavy carburetted hydrogens,
hydro-carbon vapours and carbonic acid gas. These are to be passed through the
purifiers wherein the carbonic acid is removed and the illuminating hydrogen Gas
thence conveyed to the holder. This same process may be carried with the other
herein before mentioned modification by reversing the operations bereinbefore'
described.
Instead of the Steam and Oil introduced through the Steam and Oil pipes as
hereinbefore described, the pipe for the introduction of Steam and hydro-carbon'
vapor may be used with the same result.
Or the same apparatus may be used removing from the one cupola the
incombustible material and substituting solid carbon therefor. The Steam is then
passed in at the bottom and in its passage through the incandescent carbon
produces bydrogen and carbonic oxide which passes through the cupolas, vapourizer'
and purifying apparatus with the result herein before described.
A part of the apparatus may be used to make carbonic oxide gas by using a
single cupola filled with solid carbon instead of fire-bricks. In this case the
lower air-pipe is brought into requisition and the carbon is raised to a state of
incandescence. The air is passed up through the Carbon and is converted into
Carbonic Oxide and Nitrogen.
Carbonic oxide Gas may also be made by means of a single cupola containing
fire-bricks, by bringing into use liquid hydro-carbon supply pipe and air pipe. In
this case the bricks are highly heated and the air, mixed with hydro-carbon'
vapour, is passed down through and is therein converted into carbonic oxide and'

page_text: nitrogen. The same result may be produced by using the air and hydro-carbon
vapour pipe under the same conditions.
The apparatus may be used for making a Carbonic acid gas by using the two
cupolas, the first being filled with solid carbon. In this case the lower air pipe of
the first cupola is brought into uso and the air passed up through the incandescent
carbon is converted into carbonic oxide and nitrogen. This is passed into the
second cupola containing highly heated fire-bricks and the air pipe of that
cupola is brought into use, the commingled gases and air being passed down
through the bricks is converted into carbonic acid and nitrogen and thence is
removed to point of Storage or use.
The same process may be carried on by introducing Steam into the second
cupola under the conditions just specified instead of the air-The result is the
same as that previously described excepting, that it will contain an element of
bydrogen.
The apparatus may also be used to make nitrogen gas. In this case one of the
herein before mentioned, modifications is used and all the cupolas are filled with,
incombustible material.-By the upper air pipe of the first cupola, air is introduced
into the upper part thereof and is heated by its passage through the bricks; thence;
is conducted to the vapourizer and with the hydro-carbon vapour is conducted to
the second cupola where it is converted into nitrogen and carbonic oxide.-It is
thence taken to the third cupola which is connected with its Steam pipe and
passing with the Steam through the highly heated bricks is converted into nitrogen,
hydrogen and carbonic acid. It is thence conveyed to a purifier and the purified
gases are conducted to the points of use or storage.
Nitrogen gas may also be made by the use of two cupolas, the first being filled
with solid Carbon and the air being introduced by the lower air pipe. It passes
up through the incandescent carbon, is thence taken to the second cupola containing
the highly heated bricks.
The Steam pipe is in connection with that Cupola and the gases and Steam are
passed down through and are converted into nitrogen, hydrogen and carbonic acid
which are passed to the purifier in the same way. Instead of using the solid
Carbon in the first cupola, air and hydrocarbon vapour may be introduced by the
air and vapour pipe in the upper part of the cupola and passed down through the
heated bricks with the same result.
It will be understood that by means of the uniform pressure in the distributing
receiver and the valves and pressure guages on the distributing pipes, any
required amount of pressure may be put upon and maintained in the tanks
which supply the hydro-carbon liquids, as well as upon the pipes which supply the
other materials.
It will be observed that the gaseous, vapourous and liquid materials used to s
produce the vapours or gases are supplied to the cupolas and vapourizer under
regulated pressures and may pass under pressure through the apparatus The
heating gases and vapours produced therein may therefore when required be
supplied therefrom directly to the points of combustion without the intervention
of holders or forcing devices at the pressure due to the pressure of the boiler, or 4
by means of the improved regulators, at pressure of any degree thereunder as
desired.
Of course for illuminating gases, pressure is not required.
It is to be clearly understood that in all cases where gases and vapours are to be
used for the purposes above indicated it is necessary that the ingredients of which 5
they are constituted should be accurately determined both in respect to quality
and quantity. Further it is a prime essential in the manufacture of the said gases
and vapours that the proportions of the ingredients should always be accurately
maintained, that in the application of the various gases and vapors, whether as
ingredients to form a lighting or heating gas or vapour or as a supporter of 5
combustion or as a-fuel or for the treatment of Ores or metals, the operator should
be able to vary the proportions at will with accuracy, to maintain the proportions

page_text: thus varied and to know at all times that the gases and vapours are supplied in
the proportions determined upon by him. The same accuracy of supply and
facility of change as respects quantity and relative proportion is required for the,
air supplied for the combustion of the various fuels and for the kind of flame
required.
It is also desirable in order to avoid multiplicity and complication of parts that
the regulating apparatus whereby the proportions of the ingredients which make,
up the gases and vapours themselves, when supplied to different parts of the same.
apparatus or to separate and independent apparatus, should itself act for the whole,
so that only one pressure and regulating apparatus need be provided and one may.
be made to serve the purpose of several.
It has been proposed to supply the air and gases by means of regulated blowers
which for high pressures are necessary, but which involve more expensive and.
complicated machinery, also that the hydro-carbon liquid should be fed by,
gravity which varies somewhat with the amount of liquid in the tank and is less.
convenient for observation and control.
According to the following improvements a distributing receiver or reservoir is,
used between the forcing apparatus and the pipes which directly supply the vapors.
or gases to the Chambers, Cupolas or other places where they are used and the
pressure which is to move the regulating valve is taken from this reservoir or
receiver instead of taking it from the moving power itself. By means of this.
receiver, very nice and accurate regulation of the supply of the materials can be.
obtained and it is possible to maintain with great accuracy their proper proportions
and further by connecting with the receiver a number of pipes leading either to.
various parts of the same apparatus or to different and independent apparatus all.
as hereinafter fully explained, one regulating and forcing device can be made to
perform the work of several by acting equally upon different apparatus or different
parts of the same apparatus at the same time permitting each independent apparatus.
to be varied without affecting the others.
Instead of the herein before mentioned blowers an apparatus is provided by
means of which the direct force of the current of Steam can be utilized to carry.
forward and supply the air gases, vapors or liquids which are to be forced in.
regulated proportions to the apparatus. This part of the invention consists of.
devices whereby the current of Steam is caused to carry along a supply of air gas.
vapor or liquid, the current of Steam being regulated by a valve connected to a
regulating device which is operated by the pressure in the distributing receiver.
The Invention also consists in various details of construction whereby the
leading features are applied in various forms of apparatus for the manufacture of,
Gases or vapors-for the combustion of fuels and for treating ores or metals,
whereby also they are applied to various forms of furnaces for heating water for
Engines either to supply air or air and vapour, or gaseous fuel, to such furnaces
and to special forms of burners. It also includes details of construction whereby
the special form of forcing device and regulator is applied to the sub-merged
smoke pipes of a Ship.
In arrangements according to this part of the Invention, the regulating device
has a flexible diaphragm and a forcing device is provided for supplying the
materials used, there is also a Steam pipe from a boiler and terminating in an,
orifice. A needle valve passes through this orifice for regulating the size of the
outlet. The before mentioned moveable diaphragm is connected with the valve by
a rod having a lever attachment to reverse the movement of the rod. The forcing
device is connected by a pipe with a distributing receiver. A pipe with a valve is
provided leading from the receiver to the Chamber below the moveable diaphragm
in the regulator. And there is a pipe or opening for the admission of the materials
used into the forcing device. There are also pipes with valves to convey the
materials used from the receiver to the points of consumption or use. The receiver
is a chamber to receive the materials preparatory to distribution, it is of larger
diameter than that of the inlet pipe leading to it and has an area larger than the,

page_text: Bum of the areas of all the distributing pipes lending from it. This receiver by
the action of the pressure in it which is communicated to the regulator by means
of the communicating pipe forms an important part of the regulating apparatus.
If air be desired for use, the apparatus is operated as follows; Steam passing out
of the Steam pipe at its orifice draws in air and forces it into the distributing
receiver. The amount of pressure caused by the air in the receiver is determined
by weights on the diaphragm if the pressure in the receiver be greater than that
desired, being communicated to the moveable diaphragm, it raises it, this action of
the diaphragm by means of the before mentioned rod and lever causes tho valve to
partially close the Steam opening and less steam is thereby forced through and
consequently less air is forced into the receiver.
If the pressure in the distributor be below that required, the operation is
reversed, the diaphragm falls, the valve allows more steam to pass through the
opening and a larger quantity of air is forced into the receiver. By this action
the pressure in the receiver is uniformly maintained whether one or all of the
distributing pipes are in use or not and is not affected by any changes in the
quantity of the air allowed to pass through them, the pressure of the Steam at the
orifice being uniformly that of the boiler, whether the valve be partially closed or
not. When the distributing pipes are all closed, the pressure in the receiver being
communicated to the moveable diaphragm closes the orifice and no more Steam
passes and action ceases until one or more of the distributing pipes are again
opened. If dry air be required a suitable condenser may be interposed between
the forcing device and the receiver If gas or vapor be required instead of air it is
admitted into the forcing device the operation being the same as before A safety
valve and pressure gauge are attached to the receiver pressure gauges are provided
in the consumption pipes by means of which gauges the pressure in the respective
pipes is always known which is determined by valves-Thus the amount of air gas
or vapor passing through the pipes is known by the pressure and by the size and
length of the pipes-The quantity of air delivered for the combustion of the coal in
the fire boxes of the cupolas A and A* also of the air and of the Gas and of the
vapors and of the air through the respective pipes for the manufacture of Gas in
said cupolas can be determined and regulated by use of this regulating and forcing
device a steam engine and large expensive blowers are dispensed with and at
same time an automatic regulation of the supplies is maintained
In order to dispense with the before named lever the pipe leading from the
receiver to beneath the diaphragm may enter in the top of the regulator into the
Chamber above the said diaphragm the top of the said chamber being air or gas
tight The movable diaphragm is connected with the needle valve by means of a
straight rod and is weighted by means of a lever and weight attached to the valve
rod An excessive pressure causes the movable diaphragm to descend and by the
direct action of the valve closes the orifice for the steam a diminished pressure
allows the movable diaphragm to rise through the action of the lever and weight
thus opening tho valvo and allowing the passage of a larger quantity of steam In
lieu of the said lever and weight a spring may be used attached to a rod which
is connected with the inovable diaphragm and passes up through the top of the
regulator The spring in this case, acts by tension having the same effect on the
movable diaphragm as the aforesaid lever and weight which acts by an upward.
pressure-There is a scrow for regulating the tension of the spring When the
forcing device is placed horizontally the regulator is attached to the valve by means
of a crank attachment or bent lever in this case the pipe connects the receiver with
the chamber below the diaphragu-In lieu of the crank attachment a rod connected
with the diaphragm may have a ratchet attachment which answers the same
purpose or the regulator may be attached to the valve by a direct attachment, the
pipe from the receiver entering the chamber above the movable diaphragmn which is
also acted upon by the tension of a spring or the regulator may be attached to the
valves by means of a rod and lever in which case the pipe from the receiver enters
the chamber below the movable diaphragm and the spring acts by pressure instead'

page_text: of tension-In lieu of the regulator a corresponding device may be used consisting
of a cylinder and piston the piston being connected with the valve by a rod-The
pipe from the receiver enters the cylinder below the piston and the spring acts by
pressure or the said pipe enters the cylinder above the piston which is gas or air
tight the spring acting by tension or in lieu of the spring there may be a lever
and weight The connections are similar to those hereinbefore described."
The forcing device may be placed in a vertical position but in a reverse direction
to that herein before described the regulators being placed below the forcing
apparatus and the rod connecting the diaphragm or piston with the valve passing
upwards and out of the top of the regulators the regulators in other respects being
constructed substantially in the manner herein before described.
>
I also use the regulator in combination with the receiver and forcing device for
the purpose of regulating the supply of steam in the steam pipe before it reaches
the point outlet orifice The movable diaphragm is connected by a rod with a
valve on-the line of the steam pipe which connects the boiler with the forcing
device the pressure from the receiver being communicated to the movable diaphragın
causes it to rise or fall in the manner hereinbefore described which closes or opens.
the said valve thus admitting a smaller or larger quantity of steam to pass to the
point of discharge in the forcing device and thus forcing a less or greater quantity
of air or gases into the receiver in this manner an uniform pressure is maintained
in the receiver in the manner and for the purpose as hereinbefore described.
In lieu of the construction of the forcing device with the opening for the
admission of air or gas on the side the said opening may be at the end
The combination of the regulator the distributing receiver and the forcing
device as herein before described may be used in lieu of the natural draft for the
supply of air to furnaces for combustion making the application of the apparatus'
to the fire box and burners in the furnaces by connecting pipes and valves
substantially in the manner herein before described
The same may be applied to the heating of the boilers of locomotives and of
steam crafts and also of stationary power
In combination with certain of the apparatus described in the Specification of
my said former Patent instead of the forcing and regulating devices described
therein under given conditions it is preferable to use the combination of regulator"
distributing receiver and forcing device in any of the variations thereof as herein-
before described to which the following additional apparatus is applied
There is provided a boiler with a combustion chamber and there is also a furnace
for super heating air and vaporizing liquid hydrocarbon with fire box and fire bars
and burners located in the sides of the fire box-There are a branch pipe and
valve and pressure guage to convey the vapors to the fire box and a super heater
is placed in said furnace and there is also provided a vaporizer for vaporizing
hydro carbon liquids and a receiver and regulator and forcing device and adjuncts
as herein before described-Air is conveyed from the receiver to the super heater by
means of a pipe and a pipe is provided for conveying air to the burners in the
combustion chamber of the boiler for the purpose of supplying air for the combustion
of the hydro carbon vapor a pipe connects the super heater with the vaporizer and
another pipe conveys the combined heated air and hydro carbon vapors to the
aforesaid burners, a pressure guage and pyrometer are placed on this pipe and
there is a tank for storing the hydro carbon liquid with a guage for exhibiting the
quantity of liquid in the tank-There is also a small distributing tank connected
to the storage tank by a pipe and valve and provided with a guage for exhibiting
the quantity of the liquid used-Air pipes with valves and a pressure gauge lead
from the reservoir to the tanks A pipe with a valve leads from the distributing
tank to the vaporizer and there is a valve on the pipe leading from the receiver to
the superheater the said valve having a double cone pulley attached to its stem-
There is also a valve on the pipe leading from the receiver to the combustion
chamber and also having a cone pulley attached to its stem the pulley being in the
reversed position to that first mentioned the valve on the pipe leading from the
.

page_text: distributing tank to the vaporizer also has a cone pulley attached to its stem
Bands connect the cone pulleys so that when the valve is partly opened or closed for
the purpose of admitting more or less air to the vaporizer the other valves are
opened or closed in like proportion for admitting a proportionate quantity of air
for combustion to the burners and for admitting a proportionate quantity of hydro
carbon liquid to the vaporizer in this manner the relative quantities of air and
vapor are maintained by one movement and the special amount of heat required
can be obtained and varied at will, if more or less air be required for combustion
the valve therefor may be adjusted alone and the proportion when fixed is
thereafter automatically maintained and in like manner the valve from the
distributing tank to the vaporizer may be adjusted when required. To each of
theso valves is attached a scale showing the degree of opening of the valve that is
showing the point when the full amount of vapour or air is passed through and also
the points at which the pipe will pass three fourths and one half and one quarter
of its full capacity with these points fixed any intermediate quantity is easily
regulated By means of the pressure as indicated by the pressure gauges and of the
sizes and lengths of the pipes the quantity of air passing may always be known
and determined and by means of the graduated gauge of the distributing tank and
valve on the pipe therefrom the quantity of liquid passing out of the said tank is
also known and determined.
In firing up any auxiliary steampower as may be most convenient may be used
and a temporary coal or wood fire in furnace may be employed to heat the super-
heater and vaporizer until steam is generated in the boilers to be used.
In order to fill the distributing tank with the liquid from the reservoir or storage
tank air is admitted from the receiver the pressure of which forces the liquid from
the storage tank the distributing tank which having been filled the valve on the
supply pipe is closed When in operation air is admitted from the receiver into the
distributing tank and the pressure of the air forces the liquid into the vaporizer
the amount of liquid passing boing regulated by the valve on the communicating
pipe In firing up steam is admitted from au auxiliary boiler to the forcing device
which forces air into the receiver and the pressure therefrom is communicated to
the regulator the required pressure being fixed by means of a spring and screw.
A temporary coal or wood fire is built in the fire box on the furnace for the purpose
of vaporizing the liquid in the vaporizer the valve is opened to admit air to the
superheater and thence by connecting pipe and valve to the vaporizer.
Simultaneously therewith the valve is opened on the pipe admitting hydrocarbon
liquid to the vaporizer and the valve is also opened for admitting air for combustion
to the burners in the combustion chamber the mixed air and vapours are then
burned in the combustion chamber and steam is generated in the boiler the proper
temperature, of the hydrocarbon vapours as they pass to the burners is determined
by means of a Pyrometer which temperature must be between the boiling point
of the liquid used and that of its destructive distillation The pipe from the
vaporizer to the combustion chamber when exposed is onclosed in a jacket or large
pipe through which steam circulates for the purpose of maintaining or aiding in
maintaining the proper temperature of the hydrocarbon vapour. When steam is
generated in the boiler it is admitted to the forcing device the steam from the
auxiliary boiler being shut off and the hydrocarbon vapours and air are admitted
to the burners in the furnace the operation then becomes continuous and automatic
in its action the management of the several parts thereafter being as hereinbefore
described.
The regulating valves and the pressure gauges may be placed in any convenient
position between the Receiver and the furnace and where more than one boiler or
furnace is to be heated I place the said regulating valves and pressure gauges
between the furnace and the boilers each boiler having its own set of valves or
some equivalent arrangement which enables one set of superheaters and vaporizers
to supply several boilers. By this arrangement the proper proportion and supply
of air and liquid is maintained both in the vaporizer and at the points of

page_text: combustion whether one or more boilers are in use either in whole or in part. In
this arrangement the air is conveyed from the receiver to the superheater through
a pipe and thence to the vaporizer and thence through a pipe and branch pipes to
burners in the boilers.
Air for the combustion of the vapours is also conveyed through the pipe from
the Receiver to the burners the hydro carbon liquid from tank being conveyed by
means of the pressure of the air from the Receiver through pipes and branch pipes
to regulating valves located near each boiler between the vaporizer and the
boilers it is thence conveyed by means of a pipe to the vaporizer.
Near the last named valves are the regulating valves and pressure gauges on the
branch pipes from the vaporizer and the regulating valves and pressure gauge on
the branch pipes from the receiver the said valves and those of the hydrocarbon
liquid pipe being connected by bands and operated in the manner herein before
described By this manner of construction and connection when the valves for the
liquid are opened or closed to admit more or less air and hydrocarbon vapour to
the burners from the vaporizer the valves admitting more or less air for combustion
to the burners and for admitting a proportionate quantity of liquid to the
vaporizer are proportionately opened and closed. In this manner any one or more -
of the fires in the boilers can be increased or diminished at will and by the action
of the valve or valves regulating them a proportionate quantity of liquid
required for vaporization is simultaneously increased or diminished with the air
and the relative proportions of air and vapour uniformly maintained the pressure
in the receiver and tank remaining unchanged gives them power to respond at once
to any demands upon them to their full capacity and at same time does not increase
the pressure with which the air and vapour are supplied to any of the burners in
said boilers when one or more of the branch pipes is or are shut off.
All these furnaces have close combustion chambers the doors to the fire boxes
and to the Ash pits are made close fitting there being no draught there is no
suction of air through the furnace the circulation and exit of the products of
combustion being caused by the pressure of the blast the furnace is thereby kept
full of the heated products of combustion there is no loss of heat by the too rapid.
escape as there would be by a natural draught. or by a fan or exhauster at the
exit end of the furnace the exit pipe is provided with a damper to graduate the
opening to the amount of fuel consumed and to prevent loss of heat These furnaces
are all smoke consumers no smoke being delivered with the products of combustion
from the smoke stack or outlet flue.
The escaping products of combustion are utilized to heat the water for the
boilers or the air for the blast by means of suitable connections with the water
tank as in locomotives or by covered or protected coils pipes or chambers through
which the products of combustion are forced or through cupolas hereinbefore
described filled with noncombustible mineral materials to retain the waste heat for
raising the temperature of the air alternately passing through it.
Where a Coil is used it may enclosed in a cast or wrought iron casing the
products of combustion enter the casing near its top and are discharged on the
opposite side near the bottom water is introduced into the coil at the bottom and
passing up through the coil is discharged at the top during its passage it becomes
heated by the products of combustion which surrounds the coil during its passage
through the casing.
Where a series of pipes are employed they may be connected at the top and
bottom by pipes of sufficiently enlarged dimensions all being enclosed in a casing
the products of combustion enter the top of the casing and are discharged at the
bottom and from the opposite end or side the water entering the series of pipes at
the bottom and ascending the pipes passes out at the upper connecting pipe or
chamber at the opposite end of the series near the inlet of the products of
combustion Any number of these series of pipes may be connected together
when desired and they may be placed in the course of a smoke stack of a steam

page_text: vessel för utilizing the heat of the escaping products of combustion by heating the
water for the boiler.
When applied to heating the water for locomotive boilers the series of pipes are
enclosed in a chamber between the end of the tubes and the smoke stack the
latter being separated from the boiler by the enclosed chamber, and pipes the
⚫escaping products of combustion surround the pipes and passing down the enclosing
chamber escape at the opposite end at the bottom into the smoke stack and are
thence discharged. The water from tho tank enters the bottom of the serios of
pipes and is discharged at the top by a pipe through which it is conveyed to the
boiler. The change in the construction of the boiler is simply an enlargement
of the base of the smoke stack Under this method of heating locomotives the
exhaust steam is not required as a blast for the purpose of forcing the draught
through the smoke stack and may therefore bo utilized for heating the water in
the tank by passing it through the exhaust pipe from the steam cylinder and
through a coil placed in the water in the tank and thence discharging it through
the proper-outlet a suitable trap being attached to the lowest point of the stenin
coil to carry off the condensation When turreted war ships or other steam vessels
are constructed with intent to avoid the exposure of the smoke stack and steam
pipes above the line of the deck the products of combustion from the furnace of
the boilers may be conveyed by several pipes of equal capacity to each side of
or to the rear end of the vessel below the water line where the discharge can bo
regulated to overcome the back pressure of the water by means of the forcing
device and regulator near the outlet of said pipes In this application the main
discharge pipes for the production of combustion has branch flues leading therefrom
and opening through the sides of the vessel under the surface of the water in
each of which branch flues is a forcing device similar to that horeinbefore described
and situated above the level of the water line for the purpose of counteracting
the back pressure of the water. Steam pipes lead from the boiler to the forcing
devices Regulators for regulating the outward passage of the products of
combustion are provided there being pipes with valves connecting the regulator
with the branch flues at points above on the boiler side of forcing devices. There
are valves on the steam pipes and pressure gauges on the flues. The flexible
diaphragms or pistons in the regulators are weighed by means of a spiral spring
so that the pressure in the flues as indicated by the pressure gauges shall be at
zero or at alight back pressure the steami pipe valves are so constructed that when
the diaphragm rises the valve opens and allows the passage of a larger quantity
of steam and when the diaphragmn falls a less quantity is allowed to pass If the
pressure as indicated by the gauge be greater than that fixed by the spring on the
diaphragm or piston it is communicated to the regulator the valve is partly opened
allowing more steam to pass which increases the flow of the products of combustion
through the forcing device until the normal pressure in the flues is restored. If
the pressure in the flues be less than that fixed by the spring acting upon the
flexible diaphragm the diaphragm falls the valve is partially closed less stenin
passes the products of combustion are carried less rapidly through the forcing
device and the pressure in the flues is restored to its normal limit in this manner
a uniform pressure is maintained in the flues the products of combustion are
discharged as fast or as slowly as tliey are formed and any excess of back pressure
or variable pressure caused by the weight of the water outside of the vessel is
overcome thus the combustion in the furnaces is maintained practically as well
as if the smoke stack discharged into the air in a vertical position. The draught
being produced by a blast of air delivered into the furnace below the fuel and
there being no suction or wire drawing of the products of combustion the full
benefit of the fuel is obtained by the Boiler: The branch flues are covered with
mineral wool asbestos or other nonconducting material for the purpose of confining
the heat of the products of combustion within the flues.
When the combination of regulator forcing device and receiver is used for the
purpose of supplying air for the combustion of coal in the boilers of locomotives

page_text: and of steam vessels a pipe is provided leading from the receiver to the ash pit or
the furnace having openings thereat for the discharge of the air the said pipe has
a valve and a pressure guage The air in the receiver is maintained at a constant
and uniform pressure in the manner hereinbefore described.
Air is admitted to the combustion chamber through the aforesaid pipe and by
means of the pressure therein as indicated by the pressure guage and the size and
length of the pipe the quantity of air passing at any time is known which may be
varied by means of the valve to meet any variation in the amount of coal that
may be necessary to use and also in the character of the flame required, which may
be either an intense concentrated flame or one having a large volume. The air
by these means being supplied in the proper proportion there is a perfect
combustion of the fuel without smoke, and without waste of heat or material
The smoke stack is provided with a damper to adapt the opening to the quantity
of the products of combustion that is being discharged to avoid a too rapid
discharge and consequent loss of heat a series of boilers each with a fire box may
be employed there being a main pipe leading from the receiver to the boilers and
branch pipes (with valves) leading from the said pipe to the ash pits of the boilers
pressure guages are provided in the said branch pipes by means of the valves and
pressure guages the quantity of air passing to each of, the boilers is regulated and
adjusted in the manner herein before described the pressure in the receiver not
being affected by any variation in the quantity of air discharged through either
one or more of the said branch pipes.
An improved form of construction of burners consists of a pipe and annular
space for the passage of the commingled heated air and hydrocarbon vapor which
is conveyed from the vaporizer by means of a pipe combustion taking place at the
top or outlet of the annular space. Another pipe and annular space surrounding
these above mentioned are provided for the admission of the air to the exterior of
the flame there is a valve attached to the last named pipe and there is a pipe
(provided with a valve) and circular space for the admission of air to the interior
of the flame the burner being thus composed of three divisions, an interior circular
space and two annular spaces, a pipe conveys air from the receiver a branch pipe
connecting the said pipe by means of a valve with the pipe which leads air to the
interior of the flame A branch pipe and valve may connect the pipe conveying
air from the receiver with the pipe conveying air to outside the burner. There
is a ring surrounding the top of the burner which fits closely in a setting of fire
brick or non-combustible material which forms the bottom of the combustion-
chamber making it air tight In case the blast through the pipe conveying air
from the receiver be not required air may be admitted to the interior and exterior
of the flame through the valves on the air pipes leading to the exterior and interior
of the burner when gas or air saturated with vapor is used for fuel and additional
pipe with a valve is attached to the pipe for the admission of the gas or vapor
there are openings in the said pipe for the admission of air to commingle with the
gas or vapor and there is a movable ring or sleeve on the said pipe for the purpose
of closing or partially closing the said openings as may be required the burner in
other respects being substantially the saine.
Suitable heaters and vaporizers may be a U shaped retort or a double retort
having an upper and lower chamber with a communicating passage in the rear the
inlet being at the upper chamber and the outlet at the lower or a double retort
may be made with an air space between the upper and lower chambers having a
communicating passage in the rear the inlet being in the upper chamber and the
outlet from the lower.
When dry air or gas is required for use a condenser is placed between the
forcing device and the receiver or between the receiver and the point of consumption
for the purpose of condensing the steam admitted through the forcing device
constructed and connected substantially as follows videlicet. There is a water
tank provided with pipes placed horizontally and immersed in the water A
smaller pipe passes through the middle of the first named pipe and open at both

page_text: ends allowing a circulation of the water through the interior of the pipe
Connecting pipes also immersed in the water pass alternately from an end of ono
of the first named pipes to the opposite end of another said pipe adjoining it and
so on to the end of the series of pipes The annular space between the pipes first
named is for the passage of air and gas and steam there being an inlet pipe and an
outlet pipe for the admission and discharge of the air or gas which pass through
the first annular space then through the connecting pipe and so on until it reaches
the last pipe from which it is discharged Water is admitted into the bottom of
the tank and at the discharge end of the condensers the discharge of the warm
water taking place at the upper part of the inlet end of the tank by means of the
circulation of the cold water around the exterior of all the pipes composing the
condenser and also through the interior of the pipes cooling both sides of the
annular ring of the gas or air in the space an economical compact and very efficient
condenser is made.
To withstand high temperatures the pressure not exceeding fifteen or twenty
pounds a pressure guago is provided constructed as follows videlicet. There is a
closed metallic cylinder having attached to it a horizontal outlet with a communi-
cating passage. There is an opening for filling the cylinder and an opening for the
admission of air or steam or gas., the pressure of which is to be ascertained the
level of the water or mercury in the said cylinder when filled is on a level with
the bottom of the admission opening. There is an opening in the Cylinder to
draw off the liquid when required A nipple with a stuffing box is fitted upon the
horizontal outlet for the purpose of holding a glass tube with a graduated scale to
show the height of the water or mercury above the aforesaid level. This gunge
shows accurately the pressure and the joints are always steam tight and reliable
and the water level is constant any excess of water passing out by the outlet.
When carbonic oxide gas and, carbonic acid gas are manufactured there may be
employed in addition to the apparatus hitherto used therefore the combination of
tlie regulator air forcing device and the receiver A bench of horizontal retorts is
heated by a furnace one of the retorts is for the manufacture of carbonic oxide gas
and the other of the retorts for the production of carbonic acid gas the herein before
described regulator the forcing device and the receiver are employed the first Retort
is filled with anthracite coal or any similar solid hydro-carbon and the second
retort with non-combustible substances through which the gas may pass air is
conveyed by means of a pipe to the first retort in the proper proportion to convert
the coal into carbonic oxide gas by the union of the oxygen of the air with the
carbon of the coal if carbonic oxide gas be required for use it is conveyed to a gay
holder or point of consumption if carbonic acid gas be required the carbonic oxide
gas is conveyed by a pipe to the second retort air being admitted at the same time
from the receiver in the proper proportion to convert the carbonic oxide into
carbonic acid gas by the union of the oxygen of the air with it. During the
passage of the mixed carbonic oxide gas and air through the incandescent materials
in the second retort carbonic acid gas is produced which is thence conveyed to a
gas holder or point of consumption In lieu of anthracite coal, hydro-carbon vapours
inay be employed by using apparatus adapted for the purpose..
For the production of hydro-carbon vapors and for the purpose of commingling
them with gases or air and for the better regulation of the proportionate quantity.
of the hydro-carbon vapor required for use a vaporizer is employed with a
heating jacket and a regulated supply tank substantially as hereinafter described
videlicet.
There is a tank or receiver for holding the hydro carbon liquid and a guage and
graduated scale for exhibiting the quantity of liquid used and a valvo for regulating
the flow of the liquid. There is also a gas tight glass cylinder for the purpose of
exposing the flow to view and a pipe for conveying the liquid to the top of the
coil which must be of suflicient diameter and length to evaporate all the liquid that
is allowed to flow into it There is a drip box for the purpose of receiving any
accidental overflow of liquid and an outlet and valve for drawing off the overflow

page_text: when required A pipe is provided for conveying gas or air to the coil and a branch
pipe and valve connecting the former pipe with the bottom of the coil A branch
pipe and valve connect the said former pipe with the drip box and a pipe and
valve connect the said drip box with the bottom of the coil A jet photometer and.
a pressure guage and a burner are provided for ascertaining the proportion of the
hydrocarbon vapor in the commingled gas or air and vapor Gas or air being
admitted to the coil or to the drip box the liquid is allowed to flow from the tank
through the valve in the proportion required as indicated by the graduated scale
burner and jet photometer. By opening or closing the valve and by means of the
graduated scale and jet photometer any desired proportionate quantity of the
hydrocarbon vapor can be obtained and regulated In case the boiling point of
the liquid used should be too great for natural evaporation the vaporizing coil is
enclosed in a steam jacket or case or pipe and also the discharge pipe in a steam
pipe which is connected with the jacket or pipe enclosing the coil and steam being
allowed to circulate therein assists in maintaining the temperature requisite for the
vaporization of the liquid. A thermometer is provided for ascertaining the
temperature of the vapor.
•
The commingled vapors thus produced are used for heating purposes and also for
other purposes
In all cases where the operations conducted as hereinbefore
described require the use of valves pressure guage and thermometers they are to be
attached and connected in a proper manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Arthur in the Patent Office on the 28th February 1884.
WILLIAM ARTHUR of Cowes Isle of Wight Captain in the Royal Navy
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF GASES AND VAPOURS FOR HEATING ILLUMINATING OR OTHER
PURPOSES AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE COMBUSTION OR UTILIZATION
OF SUCH GASES OR VAPOURS APPLICABLE IN PART FOR USE IN THE COMBUSTION
A communication to me
OF OTHER FUEL OR FOR OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
from Joseph Pearson (ill a person resident in the City County and State of New
York in the United States of America
+
"
This Invention relates in part to improvements upon the Invention for which
Letters Patent No 916 dated the twentieth day of February in the year of Our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty three were granted to me the said
William Arthur.
The principal object of the present Invention is to simplify the apparatus and to
enlarge its capacity, so that the same apparatus may be used in various ways, with
various materials, and varied results be accomplished, which have been heretofore
attempted only by many different sets of independent apparatus; further the
object of the Invention is to simplify and improve the process of treating gases and
vapours, all as hereinafter described.
illustrated in
Apparatus constructed or arranged according to this Invention
the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shews a central vertical section an
arrangement of twin cupolas and their vapourizers with pipe connections according
to this Invention. Figures 2 and 3 show vertical sections of hoppers and chutes
with their valves-Figure 4 shews the arrangement Figure 3 with the chute
lowered Figure 5 shews a section similar to Figure the twin cupolas and
vapourizer with a third cupola added to the rear of the apparatus. Figure 6
shews a like section of the twin cupolas and vapourizer with an additional cupola
added to the front of the apparatus these last two figures also showing in
diagramatic form the connection with my improved regulating and forcing devices.
Referring to Figure 1 the principal elements in the apparatus are the chambers
vessels or cupolas A¹ and A' which I will hereinafter refer to as the cupolas-
These are constructed with an exterior shell of wrought or cast iron for the
purpose of giving them the required strength and they are made gas and steam
tight throughout and lined with fire brick or other suitable material.
The cupula A is provided with a combustion chamber B having a gas-tight.
door, fire bars E, and an ash pit C, having also a gas tight door. The interior
of the cupola at D' is filled, in whole or in part, with metallic, mineral, or
carbonaceous material which rests upon the fire proof perforated support. or
grate F, placed over the combustion chamber B. În the top of the cupola is a
smoke-flue G' having a gas tight valve gl and the upper portion of the cupola is
also provided with a pipe I, having à valve for the passage of gas, air, and
vapours, A pipe K₁ opens preferably into the combustion chamber B, but if
desired it may open into the cupola above the perforated grating as indicated in
dotted lines at K³ The pipe K is provided with a valve and between this
valve and the cupola is a branch El provided with a valve h' for carrying off the
products of combustion whenever that may be required.
As the cupola in the various uses to which it is put is sometimes required to
contain incombustible material and sometimes combustible material, the perforated
grating F is adapted to support either the one or the other. In the drawing fire

page_text: brick is shewn regularly placed but any similar or. suitable incombustible material
may be used instead, which may be loosely placed therein, so as to allow the gases,
vapours, or products of combustion to. pass through. The top of the cupola is
constructed to permit the introduction or removal of any of these materials and
at the same time to maintain the whole cupola in a gas and steam tight condition.
When Coal is used in the cupola it may be necessary to introduce it while the
apparatus is in operation and to meet all the requirements of the case a hopper
and chute are provided as shown at G³ which communicate directly with the
interior of the cupola through the top thereof. In figure 2 is shewn a hopper Fo
adapted to contain a charge of coal or other material. It is provided with a
valve f³ which may fit loosely and on which the coal is first placed. Above it is
a tight fitting valve f* and below it is a conical distributing chute f5.. This valve
is held in position by means of rods e leaving an annular space so that the coal or
other material dropped by the opening of the valve f³ is spread and distributed
within the cupola. The upper valve f is opened when the material is to be
introduced into the hopper the cupola being in operation and the said-valve is then
closed, the lower valve f³ being opened when required to admit the Coal to the
cupola. For cupolas of large dimensions I may use the form of hopper and chute
shewn in figures 3 and 4. f5 is a conical distributing chute which. is raised,
lowered or held by means of a shaft h³ and chain n³. The shaft ³ has tight
bearings in the walls of the hopper that at the side 13 being a stuffing box and the
crank m³ is on the outer end. The shaft h³ is provided with a grooved pulley 23
in the centre line of the hopper the said pulley being in circumference somewhat
greater than the distance through which the distributor f5 must drop to deliver the
coal. The shaft h³ crosses the hopper at a distance from the centre equal to the
semi-diameter of the pulley. The chain n³ passes around the pulloy and is fastened
to the top of the distributor f. The edge of the pulley being always in the centre
of the hopper the distributor will always move up and down in the axial line of
the hopper. A gas tight valve f* is placed above to allow the hopper to be filled.
The intermediate valve f³ is dispensed with-A pawl is provided to keep the
shaft h³ from turning when the distributing valve f³ is to be held up.
:
The second Cupola A2 is in all respects like that hereinbefore described and
corresponding parts are marked with the same letters they being distinguished from
the first by another numeral. The Cupolas A¹ and A² are in communication near
their tops by a pipe L', and at points below the perforated gratings FF2 by a
pipe M these pipes having valves a¹ b c d¹. Between the two cupolas, and in
communication with the pipes L' and M' is a vertical chamber or vapourizer N¹
which is surrounded by a casing of fire brick and metal P¹ or any other suitable
material, leaving an annular space O¹, between the fire brick and the vapourizer N¹.
The outlet Gs communicates with the space O¹ for the passage of the products of
combustion from an independent fire chamber over the grate bars Q', above the
ash pit. The fire chamber marked R' is adapted to be used with Coal vapours
or gas for heating the vapourizing chamber through the annular space O¹. This
vapourizer N has at its top a pipe A with a valve a for the admission of hydro
carbon liquids to be vapourized therein. It has also an outlet pipe similar to G³
but communicating with the interior of the vapourizer, for the passage of
the vapours produced therein when so required. This vapourizer is a dry
vapourizer, in which no liquid is allowed to collect, as the hydro carbon liquid
is vapourized taken up and removed by the steam or heated air or gas as fast as
it is permitted to enter the said vapourizer. The vapourizer has attached to it a
Pyrometer e¹ by means of which the temperatures required to vapourize liquids
of different specific gravities, boiling points and points of destructive distillation
are indicated so as to be changed and maintained according to the character of the
liquids to be vapourized.
The second Cupola is provided with pipes K' H³ and I corresponding with
those K H and I on the first cupola, and it is immaterial so far as the
construction of the Cupolas is concerned, which way they are worked, whether

page_text: from A to A or from A to A. I have described the construction of the Cupolas
and their adjuncts whereby they may be heated or the products of combustion
passed from one to the other or passed out.
I proceed now to describe the pipes for the admission of steam, gas, vapour or
air, either above or below. Four sets of pipes are provided (as shewn on the right
and left hand sides of Figur 1) above and below. Description of one set above
above and one below will suffice for the other sets. One set on each Cupola
communicates to the upper part and one set to the lower part above the fire grate
into the combustion chamber. Into ouo pipe (communicating with the interior of
the Cupola at the point indicated) four pipes U V₁ Vs and X¹ enter to supply the
upper parts of the cupolas The pipe U with valve u is for the admission of
steam. The pipe V with valve v is for the admission of carbonaceous vapours
mixed with steain or heated air. The pipe V³ with valve is for the admission
of gas and the pipe X with the valve a is for the admission of air. These pipes
supply all the materials to be operated upon to the upper part of the Cupola,
excepting the Oil, Naphtha or other hydrocarbon liquids which are introduced
into the upper part of the cupola through the pipe A³ in the Cupola A¹ and At
in the Cupola A, those pipes being arranged to drop the liquid upon the
incandescent material within the cupolas. The pipes for introducing the gases or
vapours below are as follows, the pipe W with the valve w is for the admission
of steam into the combustion, chamber B. The pipe Y' with valve y admits
carbonaceous vapours mixed with steam or heated air. The pipe Y' with valve y³
is for the admission of gas, and the pipo Z with valvos is for the admission of
air, all these pipes excepting the pipe for the admission of air, preferably connecting
with the main pipe which leads directly to the combustion chamber. The pipe Z¹
is provided a branch Z leading into the ash pit C₁, whereby air may also be
supplied to the burning fuel, the valve 23 being for regulating the supply. Suitable
pressure guages and safety valves are attached to the cupolas, and thermometers f¹ƒ³
are also supplied in connection with the pipes 1' 1º.
The modifications of the general apparatus shewn in Figures 5 and 6 are
adapted to special operations hereinafter described. The Cupolas in their
construction and connection are precisely the same as those hereinbefore described,
but in the general arrangement shewn in the one Figure the vapourizer is located
between the second and third cupolas, whilst in the other Figure the vapourizer
is between the first and second. The operations of these modifications is hereinafter
fully described.
For most of the purposes to which the apparatus is to be applied, the cupolas
are fitted with suitable non-combustible material, having preferably uniform and
sub-divided spaces similar to those between cannon balls when in pile and the
material rests upon the perforated grate F-For ordinary purposes the two
cupolas may be fitted with the same kind of material as för example with fire
bricks, but for a special purpose as for example when a gas of less specific gravity
is required the cupola A may be fitted with pieces of iron such as chains or
perforated iron balls-The non-combustible material in the cupolas is heated by
the combustion of coal in the fire chambers, air being, admitted in regulated
quantities through the pipes Z and Z in preference to a natural draught. Both
cupolas may be simultaneously heated by fire in each grate and the products of
combustion supplied with air through the pipes Z1 Z2 above the fire bed inny be
completely consumed within the cupola and amongst the incombustible material.
These products from the first cupola 'may be taken through the pipe L' and the
vapourizer down to the pipe M into the fire chamber of the second cupola and aid
in heating the said cupola. Or the same products if there be no fire upon the
grate of the second Cupola may be conducted through the-incombustible materials
in that Cupola and pass out through the smoke stack G. If it be preferred to heat
the cupolas by means of hydrocarbon vapours and air or hydrocarbon vapours and
steam these materials may be supplied through the pipes hereinbefore described,
so that the apparatus may be used either with solid vaporous, or gaseous fuel. As

page_text: the air pipes are arranged to admit air either above or below the grate the propor-
tions of air above and below may be regulated both absolutely and in relation to
each other so 'that the kind of heat adapted to the purpose in view may be
produced If an intense concentrated heat be required the air may be admitted
below either wholly or in the larger proportion, to increase the combustion of the
solid fuel, or if a larger amount of flame and a more diffused heat be required a
smaller quantity of air may be introduced below the grate and a part of the
air for the combustion be introduced above; whereby the unconsumed products
generated from the solid fuel may be consumed in the fire chamber and amongst
the noncombustible material in the cupola. Fürther by means of the valves in the
air pipes and by the pressure guages the precise amount of air required to unite
with the carbon and produce perfect combustion without any excess of air may be
determined and maintained-This capacity for variation in respect to intensity or.
diffusion has its uses in respect to the operations of the apparatus
If the purpose be simply to heat the incombustible material in the Cupola and
thus prepare it to superheat air, or steam, or to vapourize liquid hydro-carbon, or
to act upon the mixed vapour as a fixing retort then the air will be admitted both
below and above the grate and the carbonaceous vapours and gases arising from the
solid fuel would be consumed in their passage through the material in the
cupola, heating them uniformly throughout. But if on the other hand it be
desired to reinforce the heat of the solid fuel on the grate by vapour fuel
introduced into the upper part of the cupola, then an intense and concentrated
heat may be caused in the fuel on the grate by admission of air beneath the grate.
without the introduction of air above the grate. In this case the direction of the
current will be from the upper part of the cupola down through the incombustible
material over the fire bed and into the horizontal pipe M and thence into the fire
chamber of the second cupola. It will be understood that the Cupolas are heated
and used alternately; that is to say by means of the fire upon the grate, or
these fires and the heat:from the hydrocarbon vapours, the incombustible materials
Then the cupola
within the cupola, are brought into a properly heated condition.
is used either as a superheater or vapourizer or fixing retort or in any of the ways
hereinafter explained until the heat is so reduced that it needs to be renewed
which renewal of the heat is effected in the same way as at first the proper valves
being opened and closed to give direction to the current and the current may be
made to pass either upwards through the cupola and across through the horizontal"
pipe L or downward and across through the pipe M¹ and either upwardly or
downwardly through the vapourizer or upward or downward through the second
cupola Or the current may be reversed and pass from the second cupola to the
first in the same manner
Having thus described the construction of the cupolas and their adjuncts and
the general operation and direction of the currents in the generation of heat which
is to prepare the Cupolas for their action upon the various materials used to
produce gases or vapours I now proceed to describe the various modes of operation
for the production of the various gases and vapours which are required for lighting.
and heating purposes or for the treatment of minerals ores or metals
It should be here premised that when steam alone is supplied to the cupolas it is
brought directly from the generator or superheater (shewn, in the drawings in
Figures 5 and 6) which may be of ordinary construction But when it is brought
in connection with air vapor or gas it is conveyed through the regulating and
forcing devices hereinafter fully described The gases and vapours supplied to the
Cupolas are all (excepting the steam) when supplied directly forced in accurately
regulated quantities into the cupolas by means of this automatically regulated
forcing device It will be understood that when the Cupolas are referred to alone
it is meant to include all their adjuncts such as connecting pipes valves guages and
regulating and forcing devices which go to make the apparatus operative.
In order to make either illuminating or non illuminating gas in the above
described apparatus I use in the first cupola fire brick. or equivalent material

page_text: placed loosely the second cupola having preferably loosely placed iron and the
intermediate vapourizer is provided with an oil supply Steam is turned on into
the upper part of the first cupola previously heated and passes downward through
the brick in which it is superheated It then passes into the bottom of the
vapourizer and there meets, and mingles with the vapour of the hydro carbon
thence passes over the top of the second cupola and down through the heated iron
where it is fixed and forms a light illuminating or non illuminating gas according
to the amount of hydro carbon oil introduced to the vapourizer The same process
may be carried on in the same apparatus by introducing the steam into the bottom
of the first cupola passing it down through the vapourizer and up through the
second cupola
In another method of producing a rich illuminating gas the hydro carbon liquid
supply pipe in the top of the first cupola is brought into use and steam and hydro
carbon liquid vapourized is passed through the heated fire brick of the first cupola.
forming hydrogen and carbonic oxide which is carried through the vapourizer
where it takes up another element of hydro carbon vapour from the oil therein
introduced and is passed over to the second cupola in which are also heated fire
bricks the gas and vapours therein being fixed to form an illuminating gas-As an
alternate commingled steam and hydro carbon vapour may be introduced through
the pipe V into the top of the first cupola
An illuminating or non-illuminating gas may also be made without the use of
hydro carbon liquid in the first cupola by placing therein upon the grating solid
carbon passing steam up through the same when incandescent thence, passing the
product over to and through the vapourizer where it takes up hydro carbon
liquid from the supply pipe and from the vapourizer is carried to the second cupola
containing the heated fire brick passing through which it is converted into gas.
An illuminating or non illuininating gas may be made in one cupola by
bringing into requisition the steam and oil pipe and filling the cupola with loose
fire brick In this case the oil is vaporized by falling on the heated brick and
with the steam introduced above is passed down through the cupola and emerges
converted into hydrogen and carbonic oxide which may be conducted to the desired
point for storage or uso
Instead of the liquid hydro carbon introduced into the upper part of the cupola
and dropped upon the heated fire brick the steam and hydrocarbon vapour mixed
and forced by the forcing and regulating apparatus may be introduced directly to
cupola and passed through either to make an illuminating or non illuminating
gas in the manner herein before described This method is the preferablo one in
large works
An illuminating gas may also be made in the first cupola containing the heated
fire bricks by introducing a non illuminating gas which may be forced in proper
and uniform quantities into the upper part of the cupola A' and there mixed with
the vapour of the oil dropped and vapourized upon the fire bricks and the mingled
gas and vapour passed through the fire bricks will be converted into an
illuminating gas
A non illuminating gas may also be carburetted and converted into an illuminating
gas by using cupolas A and A and the vapourizer In this case both contain the
heated fire brick and the non illuminating gas is passed through from top to
bottom of the first cupola thence through the vapourizer where it takes up the
proper quantity of hydrocarbon vapour and thence is passed into the top of the
second cupola and passing downward therethrough is convorted into an illuminating
gas.
A simple vapour may be made by the use of the first cupola and the steam pipe
and the oil supply pipe in the top of the cupola In this case it is necessary to
maintain the heat of the cupola below that, required for the decomposition of the
steam and hydro carbon vapour-The oil is simply vapourized in the cupola and is
carried down by the steam and passes out at the bottom of the cupola

page_text: Vapour in like manner may be made by using the cupola A and the vapourizer
steam being passed through the fire bricks and is then carried to the bottom of the
vapourizer and mixed with hydrocarbon vapour from the oil supply pipe and the
mingled steam and hydro carbon vapour are thence conveyed to the point of use
The steam in this case is simply superheated in the first cupola
A heating vapour may also be produced by introducing steam into the bottom of
the cupola A' passing it up through solid carbon in the same, heated only below
the point of destructive distillation and thence carrying the mingled steam and
carbon vapours over to the top of the vapourizer where it is mingled with an
additional proportion of hydro-carbon vapour from oil introduced to the
vapourizer and from the bottom of the vapourizer the mingled vapours are passed
to the point of use.
A vapour may also be made for lighting or heating by bringing into requisition
the air pipe with the cupola A¹ and the vapourizer-In this case the cupola contains
heated fire brick, and air is passed through the fire brick and heated and thence is
passed to the vapourizer where it meets and mixes with the vapourized liquid
hydrocarbon and thence the mingled air and bydrocarbon vapours are passed to
the points where they are to be used.
A mixture of carbonic oxide Nitrogen and hydro carbon vapour may be made by
using the air pipe in connection with the lower part of the cupola A¹ the vapourizer
and the oil pipe above In this case the air is passed up through the incandescent
solid carbon in the cupola A' where it is converted into carbonic oxide and Nitrogen
These gases are then passed over to the top of the vapourizer where they are
mingled with the vapourized hydrocarbon and the commingled gases and vapour
are thence passed to the point of consumption.
Pure Hydrogen gas may be made in the apparatus, in several ways using different
parts thereof.
First the cupolas A' and A² are used the steam and vapour pipe with the first
and steam pipe with the second using fire bricks in both Steam and hydro carbon
vapour are introduced into the first cupola passed down through the highly, heated
bricks and converted into hydrogen and carbonic oxide These are passed through
the top of the second cupola to which steam is also admitted and the mixture is
tlience passed down through the highly heated bricks in the second cupola and
converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid gas-They are thence conveyed to the
purifier P indicated at the right hand side of Figure 6 where the carbonic acid gas
is removed and the pure hydrogen is conveyed to the point of storage or use.
Gas may also be made by the same apparatus by simply changing the direction
of the current through the cupolas the steam and vapour being introduced in the
bottom of the first cupola
If it be desired to use oil instead of hydrocarbon vapours the apparatus shewn
in Figure 6 is used thus bringing into use three cupolas all three being filled with
fire brick-This process is carried on by introducing steam into the top of the first
cupola, passing it down through the heated bricks thence to the top of the
vapourizer wherein it takes up the hydrocarbon vapours from the vapourized oil
thence is passed to the second cupola where it is converted into hydrogen and
carbonic oxide and thence to the third cupola in which it is mixed with steam and;
converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid gas it thence passes to the purifier P.
where the carbonic acid gas is removed and the hydrogen conveyed to the places of,
storage or use.
.)
The same process may be carried on in two cupolas filled with fire bricks by
introducing steam and oil into the top of the first cupola and steam into the
second In this case the fire bricks in the first cupola are heated sufficiently to
decompose the steam and hydrocarbon vapours from the oil dropped upon the
bricks
暑
Hydrogen gas may also be produced without the use of liquid or vapour hydro;
carbon by placing the solid carbon in the cupola A¹ and thence passing steam
through the solid carbon brought to a state of incandescence whereby hydrogen)

page_text: and carbonic oxide are produced The mixed gases are conveyed directly to the
top of the second cupola which is filled with fire brick and there mixed with steam
introduced into the top of the cupola-The commingled gases and steam are there
converted into carbonic acid and hydrogen the bydrogen after purification being
taken to the places of storage.or use
An illuminating or nonilluminating air gas may be made by the use of the
cupolas A' A filled with fire bricks by using the air and oil pipes and the
vapourizer In this case air is introduced into the top of the cupola A and heated
in passing through it, is thence taken to the vapourizer where it takes up the
vapour of the oil introduced therein is thence passed into the top of the second
cupola and passing downward through the highly lieated bricks is converted into
carbonic oxide carburetted hydrogens and nitrogen with an element of unconverted
hydrocarbon vapour
The same process may be carried on with a larger proportion of carbonic oxide
in the result by using in the first cupola A incandescent solid carbon In this
case the lower air pipe is brought into use The air is passed up through the
incandescent carbon and the carbonic oxide carried over to the Vapourizer where it
takes up bydro carbon vapour It is thence passed to the second cupola containing
the highly heated fire bricks where it is converted into the same kind of gases
with a residuum of hydro carbon vapour as herein before described except that
there is an increase in the proportion of carbonic oxide
The apparatus shewn in Figure 6 is used also to make an illuminating hydrogen
gas In this case the cupolas are all filled with fire bricks or equivalent materials
and by means of the steam and hydro carbon vapour pipes those vapours aro
introduced in the cupola A° and passed through the highly heated bricks and are
converted into hydrogen and carbonic oxide thence they are passed to the second
cupola A¹ meeting there with steam from the steam pipe The mingled gases and
vapours are passed through highly heated bricks in this cupola and are converted
into hydrogen and carbonic acid-These gases are passed through the vapourizer
and take up vapours from the oil therein vapourized and are thence passod through
the third cupola wherein further reactions take place and produce a mixture of
hydrogen light and heavy carburetted hydrogens, hydrocarbon vapours and
carbonic acid gas-These are to be passed through the purifiers wherein tho
carbonic acid is removed and the illuminating hydrogen gas thence conveyed to the
holder This same process may be carried on in the apparatus shown in Figure 5
by reversing the operations therein described.
Instead of the steam and oil introduced through the steam and oil pipes as
herein before described the pipe for the introduction of steam and hydrocarbon
vapour may be used with the same result
Or the same apparatus may be used removing from the cupola AⓇ the incom-
bustible material and substituting solid carbon therefor The steam is then passed
in at the bottom and in its passage through the incandescent carbon produces.
hydrogen and carbonic oxide which passes through the cupolas vapourizer and
purifying apparatus with the result hereinbefore described
A part of the apparatus may be used to make carbonic oxide gas by using a
single cupola filled with solid carbon instead of fire bricks In this caso the lower
air pipe is brought into requisition and the carbon is raised to a state of incan-
descence The air is passed up through the carbon and is converted into carbonio
oxide and nitrogen
Carbonic oxide gas may also be made by means of a single cupola containing
fire bricks by bringing into use liquid hydrocarbon supply pipe and air pipe In
this case the bricks are highly heated and the air mixed with hydro carbon vapour
is passed down through and is therein converted into carbonic oxide and nitrogen
The same result may be produced by using the air and hydrocarbon vapour pipe
under the same conditions
The apparatus may be used for making a carbonic acid gas by using the two
cupolas the first being filled with solid carbon In this case tho lower air pipe of

page_text: the prst cupola is brought into use and the air passed up through the incandescent
carbon is converted into carbonic oxide and nitrogen-This is passed into the
second cupola containing highly heated fire bricks and the air pipe of that cupola
is brought into use The commingled gases and air being passed down through the
bricks is converted into carbonic acid and Nitrogen and thence is removed to the
places of storage or use
The same process may be carried on by introducing steam into the second
cupola under the conditions just specified instead of the air The result is the
same as that previously described excepting that it will contain an element of
hydrogen
The apparatus may also be used to make Nitrogen gas-In this case the
modification shewn in Figure 5 is used and all the cupolas are filled with incom-
bustible material By the upper air pipe of the cupola A¹ air is introduced into
the upper part of the cupola and is heated by its passage through the bricks thence
is conducted to the vaporizer and with the hydro carbon vapour is conducted 'to
the cupola A where it is converted into Nitrogen and carbonic oxide It is thence
taken to the cupola A which is in connection with its steam pipe and passing
with the steam through the highly heated bricks is converted into Nitrogen
hydrogen and carbonic acid It is thence conveyed to a purifyer and the purified
gases are conducted to the places of use or storage
Nitrogen gas may also be made by the use of two cupolas the first being filled
with solid carbon, and the air being introduced by the lower air pipe It passes
up through the incandescent carbon is thence taken to the second cupola containing
the highly heated bricks-The steam pipe is in connection with that cupola and
the gases and steam are passed down through and are converted into Nitrogen
hydrogen and carbonic acid which are passed to the purifier in the same way
Instead of using the solid carbon in the first cupola air and hydro carbon vapour
may be introduced by the air and vapour pipe in the upper part of the cupola and
passed down through the heated bricks with the same result
Referring again to Figure 5 steam from the generator B enters through the
pipe B the forcing chamber E and carries along the air admitted through the pipe
or opening L-It is carried directly to the distributing receiver C and the regulating
pipe t takes the pressure from the receiver C to the regulator R The receiver Č
is the source of all the pressure which is applied to the delivery of air vapour and
hydrocarbon liquid to the apparatus. A pipe G carries the air directly to the air
supply pipe X' of the cupola A-A branch pipe carries the air to the pipes
communicating with the fire chambers and ashpits of all the cupolas and the ash
pit of the vapourizer.
A pipe F (with suitable valve f) from the receiver C carries the air to a heater
in the furnace G³ for the purpose of taking up hydrocarbon vapour when it is
desired to supply the first cupola with that vapour
Another pipe J communicates with a hydrocarbon liquid tank T which is in
communication by means of the pipe Y with the vapourizing chambers in the
furnace G3 and from these chambers a pipe V carries the vapour to the pipe Y₁ of
the first cupola and to the pipe V₁-Y₁ is in communication with the pipe which
supplies the fire chamber of the first cupola; the pipe V¹ is also in communication
by a branch with the pipes which supply the second and third cupolas by inter-
mediate pipes (not shown) so that any of the cupolas at the points herein before
described may be supplied with hydro-carbon vapours whenever it may be required
in any of the methods of using the apparatus
Another pipe K communicates with a hydro-carbon liquid tank T¹ which is
provided for supplying hydro carbon liquid to the cupolas and vapourizers-This
communicates with the cupola A¹ by means of the pipe A³ and with the vapourizer
by means of the pipe A The connection with the cupolas A2 A5 are not shewn
but they are supplied in the manner hereinafter explained
The steam generator B is also connected directly to the cupolas by pipe B³;
Connection between this pipe, B and the first cupola is made by pipe u¹ and likė

page_text: connections are to be provided for the second and third cupolas although they are
not shewn in the drawings
The pipe B is provided with an automatic regulating device C³ in construction
and operation similar to that of the regulator R as hereinafter described There is
also a valve D³ and gunge E³ and a superheater F³ which by proper valves may
be put into connection with the pipe B³ and may be used or not as circumstances
may require A branch of B is shown at W which supplies steam to the
combustion chambers of the cupolas
The gas supply pipes V Y VY' and Vs Ys (Figures 5 and 6) may be connected
with a gas holder or with their own separate forcing device.
All the pipes are provided with guages and valves so that the operator can by
the manipulation of the valves furnish the pressure previously determined upon
and which is thereafter automatically regulated and maintained by means of the
automatically regulated forcing devices indicated by the letters RE C. and t and
hereinafter fully described.
It will be understood that by means of the uniform pressure in the distributing
receiver and the valves and pressure guages on the distributing pipes any required
amount of pressure may be put upon and maintained in the tanks which supply
the hydrocarbon liquids as well as upon the pipes which supply the other
materials
Figuro 6 is the same as figure 5 excepting in this respect that a cupola Aº is
placed in front of the pair of cupolas A¹ and A' considered in the order of the
inovement of the materials while in Figures 5 the added cupola is placed in the
rear The pipes for the admission of the materials are lettered in the same way
except that the pipes on the right of cupola A' in Figure 5 are placed on the left
of cupola Aº in Figure 6 The forcing and regulating devices are the same and
their connections also.
It will be observed that the gaseous, vapourous and liquid materials used to
produce the vapours or gases are supplied to the cupolas and vapourized under
regulated pressure and may pass under pressure through the apparatus The
heating gases and vapours produced therein may therefore when required be
supplied therefrom directly to the points of combustion (without the intervention
of holders or forcing devices) at the pressure due to the pressure of the boiler or
(by means of the improved regulators) at pressure of any degree thereunder as
desired Of course for illuminating gases pressure is not required.
It is to be clearly understood that in all the processes according to this Invention
as herein before described it is necessary that the ingredients of the gases and
vapours should be accurately determined both in respect to quality and quantity
and it is also a prime essential in the manufacture of the said gases and vapouis
that the proportions of the ingredients should always be accurately maintained
that in the application of the various gases and vapours whether as ingredients to
form a lighting or heating gas or vapour or as a supporter of combustion or as n
fuel or for the treatment of ores or metals the operator shall be able to vary the
proportions at will with accuracy to maintain the proportions thus varied and to
know at all times that the gases and vapours are supplied in the proportions
determined upon The same accuracy of supply and facility of change as respects
quantity and relative proportion is required for the air supplied for the combustion
of the various fuels and for the kind of fame.required.
It is also desirable in order to avoid multiplicity and complication of parts that
the regulating apparatus whereby the proportions of the ingredients which make
up the gases and vapours themsolves when supplied to different.parts of the same
apparatus or to separate, an independent apparatus should itself act for the whole
so that only one pressure and regulating apparatus need be provided and one
may be made to serve the purpose of several
It has been proposed to supply the air and gases by means of regulated blowers
which for high pressures are necessary but which involve more expensive and
complicated machinery also that the hydro carbon liquid should be fed by gravity

page_text: which varies somewhat with the amount of liquid in the tank and is not convenient
for observation and control
According to the present improvements a distributing receiver or reservoir is
used between the forcing apparatus and the pipes which directly supply the vapours.
or gases to the chambers cupolas or other places where they are used and the
pressure which is to move the regulating valve is taken from this reservoir or
receiver instead of taking it from the moving power itself By means of this
receiver very nice and accurate regulation of the supply of the materials can be
obtained and it is possible to maintain with great accuracy their proper proportions
and further by connecting with the receiver a number of pipes leading either to
various parts of the same apparatus or to different and independent apparatus all
as hereinafter fully explained one regulating and forcing device can be made to
perform the work of several by acting equally upon different apparatus or different
parts of the same apparatus at the same time permitting each independent.apparatus
to be varied without affecting the others
Instead of the herein before mentioned blowers an apparatus is provided by means
of which the direct force of a current of steam can be utilized to carry forward and
supply the air Gases vapours or liquids which are to be forced in regulated
proportions to the apparatus This part of the Invention consists of devices
whereby the current of steam is caused to carry along a supply of air gas vapour,
or liquid the current of steam being regulated by a valve connected to a regulating
device which is operated by the pressure in the distributing receiver
The Invention also consists in various details of construction whereby the leading
features are applied in various forms of apparatus for the manufacture of Gases or
vapours and for the combustion of fuels whereby also they are applied, to various
forms of furnaces for heating water for Engines either to supply air or air and
vapour or gaseous fuel to such furnaces and to special forms. of burners It also
includes details of construction whereby the special form of forcing device and
regulator is applied to the submerged smoke pipes of a Ship
In the accompanying drawings figure 7 shews a longitudinal Section of an
apparatus constructed or arranged according to this Invention shewing the
regulator and the valve in the supplying device
Figures 8. 9 and 10 shew various modifications
Figure 11 and figures 12 to 18 shew other forms and adaptations of the principle
of the Invention
=
Figure 19 shews the apparatus applied to superheaters and vaporizes for the
production of heating vapours and to a locomotive or other furnace
Figure 20 shews a vertical section of the apparatus applied to several boilers or
furnaces in plan
Figures 21. 22 and 23 shew an apparatus for the utilization of the waste products
of combustion
Figures 24, 25 shew the application of the above to a locomotive boiler
Figure 26 is a longitudinal Section of a locomotive and tender shewing a coil for
heating the water in the tank by the Exhaust Steam
Figure 27 is a cross section of a Steam vessel and Boiler showing the adaptation
of the automatically regulated forcing device and pressure guage to the discharge
of the products of combustion
Figure 28 shews an application of the automatically regulated supplying device
and receiver to the supply of air to the fire chamber of a locomotive or other furnace
the parts being in longitudinal section
Figure 29 shows in horizontal Section a series of boilers or furnaces with the
supplying devices connected thereto
Figure 30 shews in central longitudinal Section an improved form of burner
adapted to be used in connection with the supplying devices
Figure 31 is a detailed modification of the figure 30-Figure 31 is a plan of the
burner.
་
Figures 32. 33 and 34 shew in Section suitable forms of heaters and vapourizers

page_text: Figure 35 is a longitudinal Section and figure 36 is a plan of a condenser and
figure 37 is a cross Section of one of the condenser pipes
Figure 38 is a vertical Section of a pressure guago-Figure 39 is a plan of the
same
Figure 40 shews in Section the application of the regulated air forcing devices
and receiver to horizontal retorts
Figure 41 shews in cross Section the cone pulleys attached to the valves in
figure 20
Figures 42, 43 and 44 show different methods of uniting several of the serios of
pipes as in figures 22 and 23 for utilizing the products of combustion
Figure 45 represents an arrangement for the production of hydro carbon vapors
and for the purpose of commingling them with gases or air and for the regulation
of the proportionate quantity of the hydrocarbon vapours required for use as
hereinafter described Figures 40 and 47 represent respectively a pocket or onse
for the vapourizing coil and a steam pipe for the discharge pipe as hereinafter
described.
In these drawings and more particularly referring to Figures 7 to 11, R refers
to the regulating device with a flexible diaphragm r, E a forcing dovico for
supplying the materials used, B is a Steam pipe from a boiler and terminating in
the orifice P, s is a needle valve passing through this orifice P for regulating the
Bize of the outlet, The moveable diaphragm is connected with the valve 8 by
a rod having a lever attachment y to reverse the movement of the rod; the
forcing device E is connected by a pipe M with a distributing receiver C. t is a
pipe (with a valve) leading from the receiver O to the chamber below the moveable
diaphragin in the regulator R-L is a pipe or opening for the admission of the
materials used into the forcing device-F G and H are pipes with valves ƒ g
and h to convey the materials used from the receiver C to the points of consumption
or use The said Receiver O is a Chamber to receive the inmaterials preparatory
to distribution; it is of larger diameter than that of the inlet pipe leading to
it and has an area larger than the sum of the areas of all the distributing pipes
leading from it This receiver by the action of the pressure in it which is
communicated to the regulator R by means of the pipe t forms an important part
of the regulating apparatus
If air be desired for use the apparatus is operated as follows:-Steam passing
out of the pipe B at the point P draws air through the pipe or opening L and
forces it into the distributing receiver C, the amount of pressure caused by the air
in the receiver is determined by weights W on the diaphragm r. If the pressure
in the receiver be greater than that desired being cominunicated to the moveable
diaphragm it raises it; this action of the diaphragm by means of the rod and
lever y causes the valves to partially close the steam opening P, less steam is
thereby forced through and consequently less air is forced into the receiver
8
If the pressure in the receiver C be below that required the operation is reversed,
the diaphragm falls, the valve s allows more steam to pass through the opening P,
and a larger quantity of air is forced into the recoiver By this action the pressure
in the receiver C is uniformly inaintained whether one or all of the distributing
pipes are in use or not and is not affected by any changes in the quantity of the
air allowed to pass through them, the pressure of the Steam at the point P being
uniformly that of the boiler whether the valve s be partially closed or not
When the distributing pipes are all closed the pressure in the receiver being
communicated to the moveable diaphragm r closes the opening P, no more Stenun
passes, and action ceases until one or more of the distributing pipes is or are again
opened If dry air be required a suitable condenser may be interposed between
the forcing device E and the receiver C. If Gas or vapour be required instead of
air, it is admitted into the forcing device E through the pipe L. the operation
being the same as before-i indicates a safety valve attached to the receiver C
and ka pressure gauge- is a pressure gauge in the pipe F-m is a pressure
gauge on the pipe G and n is a pressure gauge on the pipe H; by means of theso

page_text: gauges the pressure in the respective pipes is always known which is determined
by the valves f g and h Thus the amount of air gas or vapour passing through
the pipes is known by the pressure and by the size and length of the pipes. The
quantity of air delivered through the pipes Z3 Z4 for the combustion of the coal
in the fire boxes B' B' of the cupolas A¹ and A' also of the air delivered through
the pipes Z Z and of the gas delivered through the pipes Y3 Y and of the
vapours through the pipes Y¹ Y and air through the pipes X1 X³ for the
manufacture of gas in said Cupolas can be determined and regulated-By use of
the said regulating and forcing device a Steam Engine and large expansive blowers
are dispensed with and at the same time an automatic regulation of the supplies is
maintained
In order to dispense with the lever y, Figure 7, the pipe leading from the
receiver C, may enter in the top of the regulator R into the chamber above the
moveable diaphragm r as in Figure 8, the top of the said chamber being air or gas
tight; the moveable diaphragm r is connected with the valves, by means of a
straight rod x, and is weighted by means of a lever and weight K attached to the
rod at the point z. An excessive pressure causes the moveable diaphragm to
descend and by the direct action of the valve closes the orifice P; a diminished
pressure allows the moveable diaphragm to rise through the action of the lever
and weight K, thus opening the valves and allowing the passage of a larger
quantity of steam. In lieu of the lever and weight K a spring Q may be used attached
to a rod which is connected with the moveable diaphragm and passes up through
the top of the regulator R as in Figure 9. The spring in this case acts by tension
having the same effect on the moveable diaphragm as the lever and weight K,
which acts by an upward pressure. There is a screw q. for regulating the tension
of the spring. When the forcing device E is placed horizontally as in figure 10.
the regulator R is attached to the valve 8, by means of the crank attachment or
bent lever -In this case the pipe t connects the receiver C with the Chamber
below the diaphragm . When the diaphragm is raised it partly closes the
valve 8, reducing the supply of Steam-when the diaphragm is depressed it
enlarges the opening at the point P. admitting a larger supply of steam. In lieu
of the crank attachment y³ a rod may have a ratchet attachment as at y Figure 12,
which answers the same purpose, or the regulator may be attached to the valve 8
by a direct attachment as in Figure 13, the pipe t, entering the chamber as shewn,
the moveable diaphragm being also acted upon by the tension of the spring Q, in
the same manner as shewn in Figure 9, or the regulator may be attached to the
valves 8 by means of the rod x, and lever y. as in Figure 7. in which case the
pipe t, enters the chamber below the moveable diaphragm and the spring acts
by pressure instead of tension. In lieu of the regulator R a corresponding device
may be used, consisting of a cylinder O and piston P4 as in Figures 15 and 16,
the piston being connected with the valves by the rod x. In Figure 16, the
pipe t, enters the cylinder below the piston and the spring acts by pressure. In
Figure 15, the pipe t, enters the cylinder above the piston which is gas or air-
tight, the spring N, acting by tension, or in lieu of the spring there may be a
lever and weight as in Figure 8. The connections are similar to those of the
regulator R.
The forcing device E, may be placed in a vertical position but in a reverse
direction to that in Figure 7, the regulators, R or O, being placed below E and the
rod connecting the diaphragm or piston with the valve 8, passing upwards and
out of the top of the regulators, as in Figure 17, the regulators in other respects
being constructed substantially in the manner herein before described.
The regulator is also to be used in combination with the receiver C, and forcing
device E for the purpose of regulating the supply of steam in the pipe B, before it
reaches the point P, as shewn in Figure 11. The moveable diaphragm r, is
connected by the rod x, with the valve u, on the line of the steam pipe B, which
connects the boiler with the forcing device E; the pressure from the receiver C,
being communicated to the moveable diaphragm r, causes it to rise or fall in the

page_text: manner hereinbefore described, which closes or opens the valve u, thus admitting
a sinaller or larger quantity of steam to pass to the point of discharge, P, in the
forcing device E, and thus forcing a less or greater quantity of air or gases into the
receiver O; in this manner an uniform pressure is maintained in the receiver C, in
the manner and for the purpose as herein before described.
In lieu of the construction of the forcing device E, with the opening L, for the
admission of air or gas on the side, as in the preceding figures, the forcing device
with the opening L is used for the admission of air at the end as in Figure 18,
there being no opening in the side except for the admission of the Steam pipe B,
the construction in other respects being substantially the same.
The combination of the regulator R, the distributing receiver C, and the forcing
device E, as hereinbefore described, may be used in lieu of the natural draught
for the supply of air to furnaces for combustion, making the application of the
apparatus to the fire box and burners in the furnaces by connecting: pipes and
valves substantially in the manner herein before described.
The Invention may be applied to the heating of the boilers of locomotives and
of Steam Ships Steamboats and Steam Crafts of all kinds and also of stationary
power and for that purpose I make use of any suitable combustion chamber or
of any furnace in actual use.
In combination with certain of the apparatus described in the Specification of
my former Patent, instead of the forcing and regulating devices described therein
under given conditions, it is preferable to use the combination of regulator R,
distributing receiver C, and forcing device E, in any of the variations thereof as
herein before described, to which the additional apparatus is applied as hereinafter
described with reference to Figure 19.
The drawing of the apparatus used is made only diagrammatically and with
extended connections in order to exhibit in detail the application of the apparatus
for the purpose intended in a clear and distinct manner but I do not restrict
myself to the precise arrangement of parts as shewn therein but in all cases make
the application in a manner to suit the dimensions of the space given and also the
convenience of the operator and more particularly so in restricted places as in
locomotives and small Steam craft the relative position of the several parts of the
apparatus and their connections being varied to suit the conditions of their
applications to any particular description of Engine.
U, shews a combustion chamber of a boiler in longitudinal section, I, is a front
view of a furnace for superheating air and vapourizing liquid hydro-carbon, c, is
the fire box and fire-bars; c' the burners located in the sides of the fire-box c, p³ iš
a branch pipe and valve and pressure gauge to convey the vapours to the
fire-box c, D is a superheater in said furnace. P is a vapourizer for vapourizing
hydro-carbon liquids, R is the regulator and E is the forcing device as herein-
before described, B is the Steam pipe between the boiler and the forcing device;
C is the receiver as hereinbefore described, t, is the pipe and valve connecting tho
receiver with the regulator R; F, the pipe conveying air from the receiver, C, to
the superheater, D, in the furnace 1-G, the pipe for conveying air to the
burners u, in the combustion chamber U, of the boiler, for the purpose of
supplying air for the combustion of the hydro-carbon vapour. W, is a pipe
connecting the superheater D with the vapourizer P and V, is a pipe for conveying
the combined heated air and hydro-carbon vapours. to the burners, u, n¹ is a
pressure gauge on said pipe. o' is a pyrometer for exhibiting the temperature of
the vapour. T is a tank for storing the hydro-carbon liquid, is a glass gauge
with a graduated scale for exhibiting the quantity of liquid in the tank. T is a
small distributing tank, 2 is a glass gauge with a graduated Scale for exhibiting
the quantity of the liquid used. X is a pipe and valve connecting the tanks T
and TJ, is an air pipe leading from the reservoir C, to the said tanks-j;
4. q are valves on said pipe and is a pressure gauge on said pipe-Y is a pipe
leading from the tank T to the vapourizer P.-d is a valve on said pipe, ƒ, is a
valve on the pipe, F. having a suitable double cone pulley attached to its stem,

page_text: g is a Valve on the pipe G, having also a suitable cone pulley attached to its stem,
the pulley being in the reverse position to that on f. The valve d, on pipe Y, also
has a suitable cone pulley attached to its stem. 7, is a suitable band connecting
the cone pulleys f and g. m is a band connecting the cone pulleys f and d. When
the valve fis partly opened or closed for the purpose of admitting more or less air
to the vapourizer P, the valve g is opened or closed in like proportion for
admitting a proportionate quantity of air for combustion to the burners u, and
simultaneously therewith the valve d, is opened or closed, admitting a proportionate
quantity of hydro-carbon liquid to the vapourizer P. In this manner the relative
quantities of air and vapour are maintained by one movement and the special
amount of heat required can be obtained and varied at will. If more or less air¯
be required for combustion, the valve g, may be adjusted without moving the
valve f, and the proportion, when fixed, is thereafter automatically maintained and
in like manner the valve d, may be adjusted when required. Figure 41 shews
these valves d, f, g, with their pulleys in section. To each of the said valves is
attached a scale showing the degree of opening of the valve; that is, shewing the
point when the full amount of vapour or air is passed through, and also the points
at which the pipe will pass three fourths, one half, and one quarter of its full
capacity; with these points fixed any intermediate quantity is easily regulated.
By means of the pressure as indicated by the pressure gauges 12 and m² and of the
sizes and lengths of the pipes F and G, the quantity of air passing may always
be known and determined and by means of the glass tube and graduated Scale 12
and valved, the quantity of liquid passing out of Tank T¹ is also known and
determined.
In firing up any auxiliary, Steam power as may be most convenient may bé
used and a temporary coal or wood fire in furnace I may be employed to heat the
superheater D and vapourizer P until Steam is generated in the boiler to be used.
the
In order to fill the distributing tank T¹ with the liquid from the reservoir
tank T, air is admitted from the receiver C through the pipe J and Valve
pressure of which forces the liquid from the tank T through the pipe and valve X
into the tank T₁ which having been filled the valve q is closed. When in
operation, air is admitted from the receiver C through the pipe J, and valve q¹
into the Tank T-The pressure of the air forces the liquid through the pipe Ỷ,
into the vapourizer P, the amount of liquid passing being regulated by the valve d
on the pipe Y.
In firing up, Steam is admitted through the pipe and valve Z, from an auxiliary
boiler not shewn in the drawing to the forcing device E which forces air into the
receiver C. The pressure from it is communicated through the pipe t to the
regulator R, the required pressure being fixed by means of the spring Qand screw q
A temporary coal or wood fire is built in the fire-box c of the furnace I, for the
purpose of vapourizing the liquid in the vapourizer P. The valve f, is opened
admitting air to the superheater D, and thence by connecting pipe W and valve to
the vapourizer P. Simultaneously therewith the valve d, on the pipe Y is opened;
admitting Hydro-carbon liquid to the vapourizer and the valve g, is also opened;
admitting air for combustion to the burners u, and the mixed air and vapours are
then burned in the combustion chamber U, and Steam is generated in the boiler B³
-The proper temperature of the bydro-carbon vapours as they pass through the
pipe V to the burners U is determined by means of the pyrometer O', which
temperature must be between the boiling point of the liquid used and that of its
destructive distillation. The pipe V may be enclosed in a jacket or large pipe,
through which Steam circulates for the purpose of maintaining or aiding to
maintain the proper temperature of the hydro-carbon vapour. When Steam is
generated in the boiler B³ it is admitted through the pipe B to the forcing device E,
the Steam from the auxiliary boiler being shut off and the hydro-carbon vapours
and air are admitted through the pipes p' and ¹ to the burners c¹ in the furnace I.
The operation then becomes continuous and automatic in its action, the management
of the several parts thereafter being as herein before described.
i
O

page_text: The regulating valves f, g, and d, and the pressure gauges and m² may bo
placed in any convenient position between the receiver and the furnace I and
where more than one boiler or furnace is to be heated, the said regulating valves
and pressure gauges are placed between the furnace I and the boilers, each boiler
having its own set of valves, as in figure 20, or some equivalent arrangement
which enables one set of superheaters and vapourizers to supply several boilers.
By this arrangement, the proper proportion and supply of air and liquid is
maintained both in the vapourizer and at the points of combustion whether one
or more boilers are in use, either in whole or in part. In this arrangement, tho
air is conveyed from the receiver O, to the Superheater D, through the pipe F, and
thence to the vapourizer P, through the pipe W, and thence through the pipe V,
and branch pipes to burners u, in boilers B B³ B³
Air for the combustion of the vapours is also conveyed through the pipe G and
its branch pipes to the burners u. The Hydro-carbon liquid from the tank T' is
conveyed (by means of the pressure of the air from the receiver O,) through the
pipes Y and branch pipes to regulating valves, d, d, d. located near each boiler
between the vapourizer and the boilers. It is thence conveyed by means of pipes Yo
to the vapourizer P.-Near the valves, d, d. is the regulating valve T and pressure
gauges on the branch pipes V, and the regulating valves g, and pressure gauge on
the branch pipes G. The valves and g, and the valves and d, are connected
by bands and are operated in the manner herein before described. By this manner
of construction and connection, when the valve is opened or closed, thus
admitting more or less air and hydro-carbon vapours to the burners u, from the
vapourizer P, the valve g, is proportionately opened or closed, admitting moro or
less air for combustion to the burners u, and at the same time, the valve, d, is
opened or closed, admitting a proportionato quantity of liquid to the vapourizor P.
In this manner any one or more of the fires in boilers B³ can be increased or
diminished at will and by the action of the valve or valves regulating them the
proportionate quantity of liquid required for vapourization is simultaneously
increased or diminished with the air and the relative proportions of air and vapour
uniformly maintained; the pressure in the receiver C and Tank T¹ remaining
unchanged, gives them power to respond at once to any demands upon them to their
full capacity and at same time does not increase the pressure with which the air
and vapour are supplied to any of the burners in said boilers, when one or more of
the branch pipes is or are shut off.
All these furnaces have close combustion chambers. The doors to the fire-boxes
and to the ash pits are made close fitting, There being no draught, there is no
suction of air through the furnace. The circulation and exit of the products of
combustion being caused by the pressure of the blast, the furnaco is thereby kept
full of the heated products of combustion. There is no loss of heat by the too
rapid escape, as there would be by a natural draught or by a fan or exhauster at the
exit end of the furnace. The exit pipe is provided with a damper to graduate the
opening to the amount of fuel consumed and to prevent loss of heat. These
furnaces are all smoke-consumers; no Smoke being delivered with the products of
combustion from the smoke-stack or outlet flue. The escaping products of combustion
are utilised to heat the water for the boilers or the air for the blast by means of
suitable connections with the water tank as in locomotives or by covered and
protected coils as in Figure 21, or pipes as in Figure 22, or chambers through which
the products of combustion are forced or through cupolas, (as A herein before
described,) filled with noncombustible mineral materials to retain the waste heat
for raising the temperature of the air alternately passing through it.
In Figure 21, W represents a coil of pipe in a cast or wrought iron casing. The
products of combustion enter the casing near its top as at X and are discharged on
the opposite side near the bottom as at X Wator is introduced into the coil at
the bottom as at and passing up through the coil is discharged at the top as
at During the passage it becomes heated by the products of combustion which
surround the coil during its passage through the casing.

page_text: In Figure 22, U represents a series of pipes which are connected at the top and
bottom by the pipes of sufficiently enlarged dimensions, all being enclosed in a
casing of iron or other suitable material. The products of combustion enter the
top of the iron casing at and are discharged at the bottom and from the opposite
end or side at w-The water enters the series of pipes at the bottom, as at w¹ and
ascending the pipes passes out of the upper connecting pipe or chamber u³ at the
opposite end of the series, at x near the inlet of the products of combustion.
Figure 23 is a side view or cross-Section of the pipes Us with the connecting
pipes at top and bottom. Any number of these series of pipes may be connected
together when desired and various modifications may be made in their arrangement,
for instance, as indicated in Figures 42, 43 and 44.
The arrangements, Figure 21 and Figure 22 may be placed in the course of a
smoke stack of a Steam Vessel for utilizing the heat of the escaping products of
combustion by heating the water for the boiler.
When applied to heating the water for locomotive boilers, the application in
general terms is as shewn in Figures 24 and 25,-05 represents a locomotive
tubular boiler; Us, us the series of pipes as in figures 22 and 23, which are
enclosed in a chamber between the end of the tubes and the Smoke Stack, the
latter being separated from the boiler by the enclosing chamber and pipes. The
escaping products of combustion surround the pipes and passing down the enclosing
Chamber escape at the opposite end at the bottom at the opening wo into the smoke
stacks and is thence discharged. The water from the tank enters the bottom of
the series of pipes through the pipe w* and is discharged at the top through the
pipe through which it is conveyed to the boiler. The change in the construction
of the boiler is simply an enlargement of the base of the smoke stack.
Under this method of heating locomotives the exhaust steam is not required as
a blast for the purpose of forcing the draught through the Smoke Stack and may
therefore be utilized for heating the water in the tank by passing it through the
exhaust pipe from the Steam cylinder and through a coil placed in the water in
the tank, and thence discharging it through the proper outlet, a suitable trap being
attached to the lowest point of the Steam coil to carry off the condensation. In
Figure 26, 05 represents a locomotive boiler; R³ the steam cylinder; P5 the coil
of pipe in the water tank Q5 on the tender, V is the discharge pipe from the
cylinder, R, connecting with the coil in the water tank, W' is a flexible joint, To a
trap to receive and throw off the water of condensation from the coil.
When turreted war Ships or other Steam vessels are constructed with intent to
avoid the exposure of the smoke stack and steam pipes above the line of the Deck,
the products of combustion from the furnaces of the boilers may be conveyed by
several pipes of equal capacity to each side of or to the rear end of the Vessel,
below the water line, where the discharge can be regulated to overcome the back
pressure of the water by means of forcing device E and regulator R, near the outlet
of said pipes, connected and constructed in a suitable manner.
•
Figure 27 is à cross-section of a Steam vessel and of a boiler located on the
medial line thereof. H³ represents the hull; Is the boiler; K the smoke stack or
main discharge pipe for the products of combustion, L are branch flues leading
from K and opening at N³ through the sides of the vessel under the water line M
E is a forcing device similar to that herein before described and located in the
branch pipes, L, above the level of the water line for the purpose of counteracting
the back pressure of the water. B are steam pipes leading from the boiler to the
forcing devices E-R, are the regulators for regulating the outward passage of
the products of combustion; t, are pipes with Valves, connecting the regulator R
with the branch flues L' at points above or on the boiler side of the forcing
devices E, v, are valves on the line of the Steam-pipes B.-15 are pressure gauges
on the flues L. The flexible diaphragms or pistons in the regulators R, are
weighted by means of a spiral Spring, so that the pressure in the flues, L³ as
indicated by the pressure gauges, shall be at zero or at slight back prassure.
The valve V, is so constructed that when the diaphragm rises, the valve opens and

page_text: is
allows the passage of a larger quantity of Steam, and when the diaphragm falls a
less quantity is allowed to pass.-If the pressure as indicated by the gauge,
greater than that fixed by the spring on the diaphragm or piston, it is commu-
nicated through the pipe, t, to the regulator R.-The valve V, is partly opened,
allowing more Steam to pass, which increases the flow of the products of combus-
tion through the forcing device E, until the normal pressure in IP, is restored.-If
the pressure in L be less than that fixed by the spring acting upon the flexible
diaphragm, the diaphragm falls, tho valve, V, is partially closed, less Steam passes,
the products of combustion are carried less rapidly through the forcing device E,
and the pressure in is restored to its normal limit. In this manner a uniform
pressure is maintained in the flues, Lo, the products of combustion are discharged
as fast or as slowly as they are formed, and any excess of back pressure or variable
pressure caused by the weight of the water outside of the vessel is overcome.
Thus the combustion in the furnaces is maintained practically as well as if the
Smoke Stack discharged into the air in a vertical position. The draught being
produced by a blast of air delivered into the furnace below the fuel, and there
being no suction or "wire drawing" of the products of combustion, the full benefit
of the fuel is obtained by the boiler-The branch flues are covered with mineral
wool, asbestos or other non-conducting material for the purpose of confining the
heat of the products of combustion within the flues.
The foregoing is a general outline of the application of the process hereinbefore
described. The sizes, location of particular parts and other details of the work are
to be determined by the requirements of the boilers and Vessels. The location
and direction of the outlets are fixed in such manner as to aid and not interfore
With the working of the Vessel.
When the combination of regulator R, forcing device E and receiver C, is used
for the purpose of supplying air for the combustion of Coal in the boilers of
locomotives and of Steam Vessels, it is applied in the following mannor as in
Figure 28, R represents the regulator; E, the forcing device; C, the receiver; t, the
pipe and valve connecting the receiver and the regulator R; B, the steam pipe
leading from the boiler to the forcing device E, substantially as hereinbefore
described, U, represents the combustion chamber of a boiler of a locomotive or
Steam vessel; the ashpit. F is a pipe leading from the receiver C, to the ashpit
of the furnace, having openings at ccc for the discharge of the air-f, is a
valve and, is a pressure gauge on the pipe F. The air in the receiver C, is
maintained at a constant and uniform pressure in the manner hereinbefore described.
Air is admitted to the combustion chamber through the valve f, and by means of
the pressure in the pipe F, as indicated by the pressure gauge l, and the size and
length of the pipo F, the quantity of air passing at any time. is known which may
be varied by means of the valve f, to meet any variation in the amount of Coal
that may be necessary to use; and also in the character of the flame required,
which may be either an intense concentrated flame or one having a large volume.
The air by these means boing supplied in the proper proportion, there is a perfect
combustion of the fuel without smoke and without waste of heat or material.-The
smoke Stack is provided with a damper to adapt the opening to the quantity of
the products of combustion that is being discharged, to avoid a too rapid discharge
and consequent loss of heat-In Figure 20, E5 E represent a series of boilers, each
with a fire-box U, G is a main pipe leading from tho receiver C to the boilers, and
gg are branch pipes and valves leading from the pipe G to the ash pits of the
boilers, m, m, are pressure gauges in the branch pipes, g³g; by means of which
valves and pressure gauges, the quantity of air passing to each of the boilers is
regulated, and adjusted in the manner herein before described to the fire-boxes, U,-
the pressure in the receiver C, not being affected by any variation in the quantity
of air discharged through either one or more of the branch pipes, g
An improved construction of burners is shown in Figures 30 and 31-M² is a
pipe and annular space for the passage of the commingled heated air and Hydro-
carbon vapour which is conveyed from the vapourizer, P, by means of the pipe V,

page_text: combustion taking place at the top or outlet of the said annular space-L³ is a pipe
and annular space surrounding the above for the admission of air to the exterior of the
flame. is a valve attached to the pipe L2-N2 is a pipe and circular space for the
admission of air to the interior of the flame.-n³ is a valve attached to the pipe N³,
the burner being composed of three divisions, an interior circular space and two
annular spaces. G, is the pipe conveying air from the receiver C.-P2 is a branch
pipe connecting G with the pipe N and having a valve p²-R2 is a branch pipe
connecting G with the pipe L2 and having a valve r²-q³ is a ring surrounding the
top of the burner which fits closely in a setting Q2 of fire-brick or non-combustible
material which forms the bottom of the combustion chamber, making it air-tight.―
In case the blast through the pipe G be not required, air may be admitted to the
interior and exterior of the flame through the valves n² and 12.- When Gas or
air saturated with vapour is used for fuel, an additional pipe 02 with valve o² is
attached to the pipe M² for the admission of the Gas or Vapour as shewn in
Figure 31 m² are openings in the pipe M² for the admission of air to commingle
with the Gas or Vapour and e² is a moveable ring or sleeve on pipe M2 for the purpose
of closing or partially closing the openings, m³ as may be required, the burner in
other respects being substantially the same as that shewn in Figures 30 and 31ª
Suitable heaters and vapourizers may be a U shaped retort as in T³ Figure 32,
or a double retort as in Figure 33, having an upper and lower chamber as S³ and
S3 with a communicating passage s¹ in the rear, the inlet being at 82 and the outlet
at 83 or a double retort may be made as in Figure 34, with an air space T between
the upper and lower chambers, having a communicating passage s¹ in the rear, the
inlet being in the upper chamber and the outlet from the lower.
When dry air or gas is required for use, a condenser is placed between the
forcing device E and the receiver C, or between the receiver C, and the point of
consumption for the purpose of condensing the Steam admitted through the forcing
device E, the said condenser being constructed and connected substantially as
follows: Figure 35 is a longitudinal Section and Figure 36 is a plan of the
condenser. Figure 37 is a cross-Section of one of the condenser pipes, L³ is a water
tank D³ D³ are pipes placed horizontally and immersed in the water. E³ are
smaller pipes passing through the middle of the pipes, D³ and open at both ends
as at Qs R³, allowing a circulation of the water through the interior of the pipes
E³ F³ are connecting pipes also immersed in the water and passing alternately
from one end of one of the pipes D³ to the opposite end of another pipe, D³ adjoining
it and so on to the end of the series of pipes-C³ is the annular space between the
pipes D and E for the passage of the air and Gas and Steam, H³ is the inlet pipe
and 13 the outlet pipe for the admission and discharge of the air or gas which enters
through the pipe H³ passes through the annular space C³ connecting pipe F3 and
so on until it reaches the last pipe from which it is discharged through the pipe I³-
N³ is a pipe for the admission of water into the bottom of the tank and at the
discharge end of the condensers.-P³ is a pipe near the top of the tank and at the
inlet end of the condenser for the discharge of the warm water. By means of the
circulation of the cold water round the exterior of all the pipes composing the
condenser and also through the interior of the pipes D³ by means of the pipes E³
cooling both sides of the annular ring of the gas or air in the space, C³, an
economical compact and very efficient condenser is made, M3-M³ are drainage pipes
for the discharge of the condensed water in the condenser pipes, 03 03 are hand
holes in the sides of the tank for cleaning the condenser when required.
To withstand high temperatures, the pressure not exceeding fifteen or twenty
pounds I use a pressure gauge constructed as shewn in vertical Section in
figure 38 and in plan in figure 39. Z³ is a closed metallic cylinder having attached
to it a horizontal outlet Us with a communicating passage ³ ³ is an opening
for filling cylinder Z-3 is an opening for the admission of air or air and Steam
or Gas the pressure of which is to be ascertained, the level of the water or mercury
in the cylinder Zo when filled, is on a level with the bottom of the opening t³-

page_text: is an opening in the Cylinder to draw off the liquid when required is a
nipple with a stuffing box us for the purpose of holding the glass tube ³-q³ is a
graduated scale to shew the height of the water or mercury above the level o³ in
cylinder Z This gauge shews accurately the pressure and the joints are always
steam tight and reliable and the water level o³ is constant, any excess of water
passing out by the outlet p³
When Carbonic Oxide gas and Carbonic acid Gas are manufactured there may
be employed combinations of apparatus as illustrated in Figure 40 shewing the
application of the combination of the Regulator R air forcing devico E and the
receiver E to horizontal retorts-Bs is a bench of horizontal retorts heated by a
furnace a. C is one of the retorts for the manufacturo of carbonic oxide gas-
D is one of the retorts for the production of carbonic acid gas-R is the regulator
-E the forcing device and C tho receiver. The retort C³ is filled with anthracite coal
or any similar, solid hydrocarbon and the retort D with noncombustible substances
through which the gas may pass. Air is conveyed by means of the pipe I to the
retort C in the proper proportion to convert the coal into carbonic oxide gas by the
union of the oxygen of the air with the carbon of the coal. If carbonic oxide gas is
required for use it is conveyed by means of the pipe b to a gas holder or place of
consumption; if carbonic acid gas is required the carbonic oxide gas is conveyed
by the pipe to the retort D air being admitted at the same time from the
receiver C through the pipe G. in the proper proportion to convert the carbonic
oxide into carbonic acid gas by the union of the oxygen of the air with it. During
the passage of the mixed carbonic oxide gas and air through the incandescent
materials in D carbonic acid gas is produced which is thence conveyed by means
of the pipe do to a gas holder or place of consumption. In lieu of anthracite coal
hydrocarbon vapours may be employed by means of the apparatus described in
the Specification of my prior Patent hereinbefore referred to or by any form of
apparatus for such purpose described in the present application.
For this production of hydro-carbon vapours and for the purpose of commingling
them with gases or air and for the better regulation of the proportionate quantity
of the hydro-carbon vapour required for use a vapourizer is employed with a
heating jacket and a regulated supply tank substantially as follows:--Referring
to figure 45, T is a tank or receiver for holding the hydrocarbon liquid, B is a
glass gauge and graduated scale for exhibiting the quantity of liquid used, C' is a
valve for regulating the flow of the liquid, D' is a gas tight glass cylinder for the
purpose of exposing the flow to view, M is a pipe for conveying the liquid to the
top of a coil E which must be of sufficient diameter and length to evaporate all
the liquid that is allowed to flow into it. F' is a drip box for the purpose of
receiving any accidental overflow of liquid-I is an outlet and valve for drawing
off the overflow when required-Lis a pipe for conveying gas or air to the coil E
K is a branch pipe and valve connecting the pipe L with the bottom of the coil E*,
R is a branch pipe and valve-connecting the pipe L' with tho drip box F H' is a
pipe and valve connecting the drip box with the bottom of the coil E, P is a pipe
for conveying the commingled hydro-carbon vapour and gas or air to the point of
consumption or use. Nis a jet photometer, S is a pressure gauge, and Qa
burner, for ascertaining the proportion of the hydro carbon vapour in the commingled
gas or air and vapour. Gas or air being admitted to the coil E through the pipe L
and branch pipe K (or to the drip box through the branch pipe R if desired) the
liquid is allowed to flow froin the tank T through the valve c in the proportion
required as indicated by the graduated scale B, burner Q, and jet photometer N
By opening or closing the valve c.and by means of the graduated scale and jet-
photometer any desired proportionate quantity of the hydro-carbon vapour can bo
obtained and regulated In case the boiling point of the liquid used should be too
great for natural evaporation, the vapourizing coil E is enclosed in a steam pipe
jacket or case J as shewn in Figure 46 and also the discharge pipe P' in a steam
pipe in Figure 47 which is connected with tho jacket or pipe enclosing the coil,

page_text: nd steam being allowed to circulate therein assists in maintaining the temperature
equisite for the vapourization of the liquid-U is a thermometer for ascertaining
he temperature of the vapour.
The commingled vapours thus produced are capable of being used for heating
purposes and also for other purposes to which they are or may be applicable. In
all cases where the operations conducted as herein before described require the use
of valves, pressure gauge and thermometers they are to be attached and connected
na proper manner.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the nanner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I.consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is:-
First An apparatus for producing gases and vapours consisting of a Cupola
having a closed fire chamber underneath, a grate above the fire chamber, adapted
to support loose mineral, carbonaceous, or equivalent materials, an opening for the
admission of such material, a valved smoke passage, and pipes for the admission of
hydro-carbon, steam air and gases into the upper part of the cupola and into the
fire chamber whereby the cupola may be alternately heated and made to vapourize
the hydro-carbon and form a mixed vapour or gas substantially in the manner
herein described and setforth.
Second A pair of cupolas A1 A2 with closed fire chambers and grates above the
fire chambers, connecting pipes L M' above and below, and suitable valves, valved
smoke-flues, and hydrocarbon and other necessary liquid, vapour gas and air-supply
pipes, entering the upper parts of the cupolas, and of the chambers the same for
each cupola the parts being.combined and operating substantially in the manner
herein described whereby either cupola may be used as a fixing retort for the
purpose setforth.
Third A pair of cupolas A¹ A having closed fire chambers and grates above
the fire chambers with combustion chambers connected to each other by a pipe M³,
provided with valves, an intermediate vapourizer, and hydrocarbon supply pipe,
the series of pipes connected to each cupola, one set above and the other below to
the fire chamber, whereby vaporous and gaseous material may be supplied to the
cupolas, the parts specified being constructed connected and combined all
substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose setforth.
Fourth A pair of Cupolas A' A having closed fire chambers and valved
smoke flues with grates above the fire chambers and with combustion chambers
connected with each other by the pipe M¹, provided with valves, and with a
connecting pipe. L' above, and suitable valves in combination with the vapourizer N¹,
provided with a closed fire chamber having a grate, a valved escape pipe,
and a surrounding combustion chamber, all constructed connected and operated
substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose setforth.
Fifth The combination of the cupolas A¹, and A2, pipes L¹ M¹, and the
vapourizer N¹, constructed connected and operated substantially in the manner
herein described and for the purpose setforth.
Sixth-The combination of the cupolas A1 and A2, pipes L' M¹, the vapourizer N¹,
and the automatically regulated forcing devices, constructed connected and operated
substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose setforth.
Seventh-The process of manufacturing and supplying gas which consists in
passing, under automatically regulated pressure and in a downward direction,
commingled superheated steam and hydro carbon vapour through incandescent
incombustible mineral or metallic substances heated in a vertical vessel or retort,
made steam tight and of sufficient strength to withstand a high pressure, the said
'superheated steam and hydro carbon vapours being decomposed in their said passage,
and directly delivering the resultant hydrogen and other gases from the manu-
facturing apparatus, by the pressure of the boiler in which the steam is generated,

page_text: to points of consumption substantially in the manner heroinbeforo described and
for the purpose setforth..
-
Eighth The combination of the cupola A¹, having a closed combustion
chamber below, a grate above the said Chamber, supporting loose incombustible
material, a valved smoke fluc, a steam supply pipe having an automatic regulator,
a vapourizer N¹, having an automatically regulated liquid hydrocarbon supply pipo
and, an independent heating apparatus, a pipe or pipes connecting the vapourizer
and the cupola, and proper discharge pipe for the commingled vapoura, whereby
the steam is superheated, is passed to the vapourizer, and caused to take up
the hydrocarbon vapours, and the commingled vapours are conducted away
substantially as described.
Ninth The combination of the cupola A', having a closed combustion-chamber
below, a grate above the said chamber, supporting loose incombustible materials, a
valved smoke flue, a steam supply pipe, a liquid hydrocarbon supply pipe, and the
described automatic regulating and forcing devices, and proper discharge pipes for
the gas or vapour, whereby the incombustible material, is alternately heated by
means of the fire in the combustion-chamber below and the steam passed through
the heated material, all substantially as described and setforth.
Tenth-The combination of the Cupola A', having a closed combustion chamber
below, a grate above the combustion chamber, supporting loose incombustible
material, a valved smoke flue, a steam supply pipe having an automatic regulator,
a vapourizer N¹, having a liquid hydro-carbon supply pipe, having an automatically
regulated forcing device and an independent heating apparatus, a pipe or pipes
connecting the vapourizer and the cupola, a second cupola A², the same as
Cupola A and having like fire chamber, grate, and incombustible material, and
valved pipo or pipes connecting said second cupola to the vapourizer, whereby
steam is superheated, caused to take up hydro-carbon vapours, and the commingled
vapours are converted into fixed gas all substantially as described.
•
Eleventh-The combination of the cupola A, having a closed combustion-
chamber below, and a grate above the combustion-chamber supporting loose
incombustible material a valved smoke flue, a steam supply pipe above the loose
materials a hydro-carbon supply pipe, automatic regulating and forcing devices for
the steam and hydrocarbon liquid, a second cupola A similar to the first, having
loose incombustible material and heating chamber below, and valved pipe or pipes
connecting the second cupola to the first, and a steam supply pipe with automatic
regulator above the loose material, whereby hydro-carbon and steam may be
converted into hydrogen and carbonic oxide, and the commingled hydrogen carbonic
oxide, and steam converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid ready for separation
all substantially as described.
:-
Twelfth The combination of the cupola A, having a closed combustion
chamber below, a grate above the combustion-chainber, supporting loose incom-
bustible material, a valved smoke flue, a steam supply pipe above the said
material, a hydrocarbon supply pipe, an automatic regulating device for the steam
and hydro-carbon, a second cupola A', similar to the first having a steam supply
pipo with automatic regulator, and valved pipe or pipes between the first and
second, a third cupola A", same as the first and second with a vapourizer and
hydrocarbon supply between the second and third cupolas, and proper connecting
pipes, whereby steam and hydro-carbon vapour are passed through the cupola and
converted into hydrogen and carbonic oxide, tlie product mixed with steam and
converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid, and the pure hydrogen mixed with
hydrocarbon vapours and fixed all substantially as described.
Thirteenth-The combination of Cupola A, having a closed combustion-
chamber below and a grate above the combustion chamber, supporting loose
incombustible material, a valved smoke flue, a steam supply with automatic
regulator, a vapourizer connected to the cupola by pipe or pipes a second cupola
connected to the vapourizer, similar to the first and having like loose. incomibustible
materials, a third cupola similar to the first and second aud having like incombustible

page_text: materials and an automatically regulated steam supply pipe and a purifier
whereby the steam is superheated made to take up vapour the mixed steam and
vapour converted into hydrogen and carbonic acid gas and then separated all
substantially as described.
Fourteenth The combination of the Cupola A¹ having a closed combustion
chamber below, a grate above said chamber adapted to support carbonaceous
material, a valved smoke flue, a steam supply pipe with automatic regulator, a
second cupola A³, (connected by suitable pipes with the cupola A¹) having
a closed combustion chamber a grate above for the support of loose incombustible
material, a steam supply pipe with automatic regulator a proper eduction pipe for
the passage of the mixed hydrogen and carbonic acid gases and a purifying
apparatus whereby the steam is converted into hydrogen and carbonic oxide in
the first cupola and the resultant gas and steam converted into hydrogen and
carbonic acid in the second cupola and the carbonic acid gas afterwards removed
all substantially as described and setforth.
:
Fifteenth The combination of the cupola A, having a closed combustion-
chamber below, and a grate above the combustion chamber supporting loose
incombustible material, a valved smoke flue, an air supply pipe with automatically
regulated forcing devices, a vapourizer N¹ having heating apparatus, a second
cupola A, having also above its fire-chamber loose incombustible material, and
suitable conducting and connecting pipes, whereby air is heated, caused to take up
hydrocarbon vapour and the air and vapours converted into a fixed gas all
substantially as described.
Sixteenth-The combination of the cupola A¹ having a closed combustion
chamber below, and a grate above the combustion chamber supporting loose
incombustible material, a valved smoke flue, and air supply pipe with automatically
regulated forcing device, a vapourizer N¹ a second cupola A2 like the first and
containing like incombustible loose materials on its grate, and connected to the
first cupola and the intermediate vapourizer, a third cupola like the first, and
second and having like incombustible loose materials on its grate, and also a
Steam supply pipe with automatic regulator, and finally a purifier whereby air is
heated, mixed with vapour, and in proper proportions passed through the second
cupola and converted into nitrogen and carbonic oxide, and thence mixed with
steam and converted into nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid, and the nitrogen
and carbonic acid gases finally separated all substantially as described.
Seventeenth-The combination of the cupola A¹, having closed combustion
chamber valved smoke flue adapted to contain coal, and having an air supply
pipe with automatically regulated forcing device, a second cupola like the first,
and connected therewith but containing incombustible material, and having an
air supply pipe with automatic regulator, and a purifier beyond the second cupola,
whereby the air is caused to take up hydrocarbon from the coal and form nitrogen
and carbonic oxide, and in the second cupola is converted with the fresh supply of
air into nitrogen and carbonic acid, and from which the carbonic acid gas is
removed all substantially as described.
Eighteenth The combination of a Cupola A¹, baving a closed fire chamber
below, a grate above adapted to support coal, and having also an air pipe-with
automatically regulating forcing device, and a purifier connected to the cupola,
whereby air is converted into nitrogen and carbonic oxide. in passing through the
coal, and then the nitrogen and carbonic oxide pass through the purifying
apparatus to the points of combustion or storage all substantially as described.
Nineteenth-The combination of a cupola A' having a closed combustion
chamber below, and a grate above, adapted to support a mass of coal, an air supply
pipe for the cupola, having an automatically regulated forcing device a second cupola.
like the first and connected to it by a suitable pipe and valve, but baving
incombustible material on its grate above the fire chamber, an air or steam supply
pipe with automatic regulator for the second. cupola, and suitable conveying-pipes,
whereby air is passed through incandescent coal and converted into nitrogen and

page_text: carbonic oxide, and these gases are then, by the addition of air, converted in the
second cupola into nitrogen and carbonic acid gases, all substantially as described.
Twentieth-The combination of the Cupolas A and A, the first adapted to hold
solid hydrocarbon, both having closed tire chambers below, and their adjuncts, a
superheated steam supply connected to the lower part of the cupola A, and
provided with automatic regulator, fire bricks in cupola A, and a vapourizer
having an oil pipe, the vapourizer being placed between and connected to the
cupolas, whereby hydrogen and carbonic oxide from the solid carbon and the
hydrocarbon vapour are converted into a fixed gas substantially as described.
Twenty first-The combination of a cupola A' adapted to hold solid carbon, and
having a closed fire chamber and its necessary adjuncts, below a steain pipe
entering the fire chamber and provided with an automatic regulator, and the
vapourizer N¹, connected to the upper part of the cupola, and having an
automatically regulated hydrocarbon oil supply pipe substantially as described.
Twenty second-The combination of a cupola A' having fire bricks or like
material above a closed fire-chamber, having its necessary adjuncts, an air supply
pipe in the upper part of the cupola, with automatically regulated forcing devices,
vapourizer having an automatically regulated oil supply pipe, the said vapourizer
being connected to the fire chamber of the cupola substantially as described.
Twenty third-An apparatus for producing hydrogen gas, consisting of the
cupolas A¹ A' filled with non combustible material supported above a closed fire
chamber, steam and vapour supply pipes for the cupola A¹ with automatically
regulated forcing devices connecting pipes between the cupolas A' and A', and
steam supply pipe for the cupola Awith automatic regulator, and a purifier
whereby the steam and hydrocarbon vapour are converted into hydrogen and
carbonic acid and purified substantially as described.
Twenty fourth-The combination of the cupolas A' and A, A¹ being adapted to
hold solid carbon, and both having closed fire chambers below, an air pipe
communicating to the cupola A, below the solid carbon, with automatically
regulated forcing devices, a vapourizer interposed between the two cupolas and
connected therewith, having an automatically regulated oil supply pipe, whereby
the air, carbon, and hydrocarbon vapours are converted into fixed air gas
substantially as described.
Twenty fifth-The combination of the Cupolas Aª A' A' the first being adapted
to hold solid carbon, the second and third having loose fire bricks, and all having
closed fire chambers below, an automatically regulated steam pipe communicating
with the first cupola below, an automatically regulated steam pipe communicating
with the second cupola above, a vapourizer between the second and third and
connected with the same, and having an oil supply pipe, and a purifier P, connected
to the third cupola, whereby the steam, carbon, and hydrocarbon vapours are
converted into an illuminating hydrogen gas, substantially as described.
Twenty sixth-The Cupola A¹ containing incombustible material, communicating
pipes, combined with automatically regulating forcing devices, for the admission of
air and hydrocarbon above, and a closed fire chamber below, whereby the air and
hydrocarbon are converted into carbonic oxide and nitrogen, substantially as
described.
Twenty seventh-The combination of the Cupolas A'A' the first having an air
supply pipe opening into the closed fire chamber below, combined with an
automatically regulated forcing device, and adapted to hold solid carbon above the
fire chamber, the second cupola being provided with loose incombustible material
or fire bricks, a pipe connecting the two cupolas at the top, an automatically
regulated.steam supply pipe at the top of the second, and a closed fire chamber for
the second, whereby the air and steam are converted into carbonic acid gas,
nitrogen and hydrogen substantially as described.
Twenty eighth-A pair of cupolas A', A having closed fire chambers and grates
above the fire chambers, connected to each other by the pipe M, connecting the
čonibustion chambers, and provided with valves, whereby the heating power of both

page_text: combustion chambers. can be used in either cupola A¹ or A2, and having air supply
pipes Z and Z, connected to the ash pit, and air supply pipes, W' and W2,
connected to the combustion chambers, for the regulated supply of the air required
for the perfect combustion of the fuel, and for varying the character of the flame,.
and also connected to each other by the pipe L', connecting the gas and vapour
producing chambers, and provided with valves through an intermediate vapourizer
having a hydrocarbon supply pipe, and provided with valves whereby non-
illuminating gas from both cupolas can be simultaneously commingled with
hydrocarbon vapour, and the gas from one cupola can be mixed with hydro-
carbon vapor in its passage through the vapourizer, and then converted into
a fixed gas in the second cupola, a series of pipes connected to the cupolas above
and below, whereby air and vapourous and gaseous materials are supplied to the
cupolas in definite and proportionate quantities and a uniform pressure by means of
automatic regulators and regulating forcing devices connecting to the said pipes,
and by means of which a uniform production of any given quality of gas and
vapour is obtained, all constructed, connected, and operated substantially in the
manner herein described and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty ninth, In combination (for the regulated delivery of air, gases, vapours
and liquids,) the regulator R, forcing device E, and distributing receiver C., with
connecting pipes and valves and pressure gauges, constructed and operated
substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose set forth.
Thirtieth, An automatic regulator R, attached to the valve of a Steam forcing
supply pipe, the pressure from the outlet of which by means of a connecting pipe
between the outlet and the regulator, automatically regulates the delivery of the
air, gas or fluid in the said pipe, the whole being constructed, connected and
operated substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty first, An improved regulated forcing device E for supplying air, gases or
vapours to Gas generators and to furnaces for combustion, consisting of a receiver,
a forcing chamber, a steam pipe within the said chamber, a needle valve in the said
steam pipe, connected to the diaphragm of a regulator, an inlet pipe to the forcing
chamber and a pressure pipe from the receiver to the diaphragm chamber, the parts
being constructed, combined and operated substantially in the manner herein
described and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty second, A distributing-receiver C, combined with a forcing device E and
regulator R, connected to the said receiver by the pipe t and a series of connecting
pipes, provided with valves and pressure gauges leading from the said receiver and
each adapted to convey air, gas, vapours and liquids to the vapour or Gas
Generator or to furnaces for combustion, all constructed, connected and operated
substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose set forth.
Thirty third, In combination with a fire chamber of a boiler closed to the outer
air, the distributing receiver C, and air forcing device E, having pipe B, and
regulating parts t R, operating the valve 8, with pipe G, leading to the burners
in the combustion chamber and pipe F, leading to the superheaters D, and gas or
vapour generating apparatus interposed between the receiver and the fire-chamber,
storage tank T, distributing tank, T¹ and liquid supply pipe Y, leading to the
vapourizers P, all constructed, connected and operated substantially in the manner
herein described and set forth.
Thirty fourth. In combination with fire-chamber of furnaces, closed to the
outside air, the distributing receiver C and air forcing device E, having pipe B
and regulating parts t R, operating the valve 8, with pipe G, leading to the burners
in the combustion chamber, and pipe F, leading to the vapourizers, and Gas or
vapour generating apparatus, interposed between the receiver and fire-chambers,
the reservoir and distributing tanks T and T', liquid-supply pipe Y, leading to the
vapourizers P, pipe V, leading to the furnaces, and valves tg. d, in the pipes V G, Y,
having cone pulleys connected by suitable attachments and interposed between the
vapour generators and the furnaces, all constructed, connected and operated,
substantially in the manner herein described and set forth.

page_text: .
Thirty fifth. In combination, a Boiler having a closed grate, a distributing
receiver C, and a forcing device E, having pipo from the boiler and regulating
parts and R, and a Steam coil connected with the boiler for utilizing the wasto
Steam, all constructed, connected and operated substantially in the manner herein
described and set forth.
Thirty sixth, The burner having the concentric pipes, L M N and the pipes
connecting with the spaces within said concentric pipes, the said burner being
adapted to be used in connection with the vapour or gas generator and air forcing
device, all constructed and connected substantially in the manner herein described
and set forth.
Thirty seventh, In combination with the smoke stack K³ the connected smoke
flues, L L and discharge openings No N³ below the water level, a Steam pipe B, B,
having valves v, and opening into the forcing devices E E in said flues, valvo
Stems and pressure regulators R R connected to the Sinoke Blues by the pipes t, t,
and pressure gauges, all constructed and connected substantially in the manner
herein described and set forth.
Thirty eighth. In combination with a coal burning furnace closed to the outside
air, the distributing receiver C, and air forcing device E having pipe Band
regulating parts t R, operating the valve s, with pipe F, lending to the ash-pit of
the furnace, having valve f, and pressure guage, l, for the purpose of supplying air
for the combustion of the fuel, all constructed and connected substantially in the
Inanner herein described and set forth.
Thirty ninth. In combination with a series of coal burning furnaces, closed to
the outside air, the distributing receiver C, and air forcing device E, having pipe B,
and regulating parts t R operating the valve 8, and pipe, G, leading to the ash-pits
of the furnaces, having valves and pressure gauges on the branch pipes to each.
furnace, for the purpose of supplying air for the combustion of the fuel, all
constructed and connected substantially in the manner herein described and
set forth.
Fortieth. In combination, a locomotive boiler, connected with the automatic
regulating air supplying device, consisting of regulator R, forcing device E, and
distributing receiver C, with their connectious, valves and pressure gauges for the
purpose of supplying air for the combustion of the fuel, the heating coil or pipes Ub
interposed between the flues of the boiler O and Smoke Stack & for the purpose
of heating the water on its passage to the boiler by means of the escaping products
of combustion, all constructed, connected and operated substantially in the manner
herein described and for the purpose set forth.
Forty first. In combination a boiler or boilers of a Steam Vessel connected with
the automatic regulating air supplying device, consisting of a régulator R, forcing
device E and distributing receiver C, with their connections, valves and pressure
gauges, for the purpose of supplying air for the combustion of the fuel, the heating
coil or pipes Us located in the smoke passages or flues leading from each boiler to
the main Smoke Stack, for the purpose of heating the water in its passage to tho
boiler by means of the escaping products of combustion, all constructed, connected
and operated substantially in the manner heroin described and for the purpose
set forth.
Forty second, In combination the distributing receiver C, and its forcing device
and regulator R, a furnace U, an interposed Gas or Vapour generating apparatus,
pipes for supplying air and Vapour or Gas to the furnace, and Valves with cone
pulleys and connecting devices; whereby the valves may be moved simultaneously
and uniformly substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose
set forth.
Forty third, An improved condenser adapted to be used in connection with the
forcing device, consisting of a tank having suitable inlet and outlet pipes for the
water in combination with a series of pipes D³ having interior open pipes E³ and
annular space Cs the series of pipes D³ being connected by pipes F³-inlet and
outlet pipes H and 1' for the air Gas or Steam, all located within the tank L³ and

page_text: drainage pipes M³ communicating with the annular space C³, all constructed and
connected substantially in the manner herein described and for the purpose
set forth.
Forty fourth, An improved. pressure.gauge adapted to be used with the forcing
device, consisting of the closed cylinder Z having a communicating outlet U³,
vertical glass tube, X³ with graduated Scale and connected with the outlet U³ by a
nipple with a packing box, an upper inlet opening t³ for the air or gas or steam,
and suitable inlet or outlet pipes to admit or draw off the liquid, the parts being
combined substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said William Arthur have to this my Specification set
my hand and Seal this twenty-sixth day of February One thousand eight hundred
and eighty four.
Signed Sealed and delivered by
the said William Arthur
In the presence of
HC DAMANT
Solicitor
Cowes
WILLIAM ARTHUR. (L.S.)