AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OR IMPROVED BINATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS TO BE USED AS FUEL"
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Wall, of Clapton, in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OR IMPROVED
BINATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS TO BE USED AS FUEL"
Com-
BINATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS TO BE USED AS FUEL"
Sealed the 23rd August 1864, and dated the 24th February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Wall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1864.
I, ARTHUR WALL, of Clapton, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COM-
BINATION OR IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS TO BE USED AS
FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in coinbining (for use as fuel for steam ships,
locomotives, stationary engines, and domestic purposes, or otherwise,) of the
various bodies herein specified, by intimately mixing them together with other
materials herein mentioned, and compressing the compound substance so
obtained into masses or blocks of forms and sizes suitable for burning in
furnaces of any description, so as to raise steam for land and marine boilers,
or for use for domestic or other purposes. To effect this I take oils or

page_text: oleaginous matter, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral, crude or refined
Canada oil (commonly called petroleum or rock oil), paraffin, and mix these
bodies or substances, or any of them with pitch, tar, rosin, or turpentine, or
the refuse of these substances, turf, moss, or peat, and either singly or together
saturate then with sawdust or shavings, or other debris of wood or woody
substances finely comminuted, and the substance so obtained 1 mix with coal,
coal dust, or slack, coke or cinders ground to powder or sifted fine, and when
intimately mixed and ground together I pass them through a press and
compress them, when they are fit for use. When any combination is intended
for steam purposes, whether for land or marine boilers, the best quality should
be supplied, but for domestic purposes several qualities inferior thereto may be
used with advantage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Wall in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
24th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
WALL, of Clapton, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Arthur Wall, Her special licence that I, the said Arthur
Wall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said Arthur Wall, my executors, administrators, and assigns. should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED COMBINATION OR IMPROVED COMBINATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
TO BE USED AS FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Arthur Wall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Wall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in combining for use as fuel for steam ships,
locomotives, stationary engines, and domestic purposes, or otherwise, of the
various bodies herein specified, or their equivalents, by intimately mixing
them together with other materials herein mentioned, and compressing the
compound substance so obtained into masses or blocks of forms and sizes
suitable for burning in furnaces of any description, so as to raise steam in
land or marine boilers, or for use for domestic or other purposes. To effect
this take oils or oleaginous matter, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral,
crude or refined, such as Canada oil (commonly called petroleum or rock oil),
paraffin, pitch, tar, rosin, or turpentine, or the refuse of these substances, and
mix these bodies or substances, or any of them, and either singly or together
saturate them with turf, moss, peat, sawdust, or shavings, or other debris of
wood or woody substances finely comminuted, and the substance so obtained I
mix with coal, coal dust, coke, or slack, or cinders ground to powder, or sifted
fine, or with charcoal, and when intimately mixed and ground together I pass
them through a press and compress them, when they are fit for use. When
any combination is intended for steam purposes, whether for land or marine
boilers, the best quality should be supplied, but for domestic purposes several
qualities inferior thereto may be used with advantage.
In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to explain the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, thus:-
The fuel I compound, or the fuel that may be burned with it, I constitute
as it were into a voltaic pile or battery; or in short, I compound a fuel of
hydrogenous and carboniferous bodies or substances, or hydrocarbons, bodies
uniting both these elements, which separate from one another in the act of
burning with the evolution of intense light and heat, thereby effecting immense
saving in the quantity of fuel used; or I saturate the carbons of coal (coke),
or of wood (charcoal) with oil or oils, or with grease, fats, or unctious bodies
of any description known in the markets; or I mix them with hydrocarbons,
such as rosin, pitch, tar, asphalt, naptha, napthaline, paraffin, or any of the
styroptines, either crude or refined, in which lime, or carbonate of soda. or
magnesia, or any two of these bodies, or all three of them have been dissolved
or mixed in or about the proportions herein stated. These hydrogenous
bodies constitute as it were the positive pole of my battery, whilst the coal,

page_text: coal dust, coke, slack, cinders, or charcoal, or woody matter constitute the
negative element. I first pulverize such hydrocarbons as are crude, either
singly or together, and to every one hundred pounds of coal, coal dust, coke,
slack, cinders, or charcoal, or woody matter, I add from about seven to, say,
twelve per cent. of bydrocarbons, with lime or carbonate of soda, or magnesia,
or any two of these bodies, or all three of them, in certain proportions
according to the purpose for which the fuel is to be used. If for smelting
metals, I prefer to use the proportion of about three of magnesia to, say,
seven of lime, and one of carbonate of soda, but if for domestic purposes, or
for steam boilers, the magnesia and carbonate of soda may be dispensed with,
and the lime alone used in or about the proportion of seven to ten per cent.
In making use of oils, such as linseed, colza; olive, whale, cocoa-nut oil,
African oil (commonly called palm oil), or any of the vegetable or mineral
oils, or their refuse or grease, or fats of any kind, I employ the same pro-
portions when mixed with coal, coal dust, coke, slack, cinders, or charcoal,
that I do when I mix the above-named hydrocarbons with these substances.
When coal or coke is to be used in lumps, it should be previously dipped in a
semi-fluid composition of tar, thinned by the addition of turpentine, naptha,
napthaline, petroleum, or other animal or vegetable oils, or spirits of any
sorts as may be found convenient. To treat turf, moss, or peat so as to render
it suitable for steam boilers, or for smelting purposes, I mix it with rosin,
pitch, tar, or asphalt, employed in the proportion of about twelve or twenty to
about one hundred of the turf, moss, or peat in its normal condition. If the
turf, moss, or peat is already dried and manufactured, I saturate it by steeping
it in crude naptha, thinned with napthaline, turpentine, or spirits of any kind.
If, however, it is intended that the aforesaid turf, moss. or peat should be
employed for domestic purposes, I use the crude hydrocarbons, or their refuse,
or grease or oils of any sort will answer the purpose. After being saturated
they should be dipped in a solution of lime and carbonate of soda and water
to prevent evaporation, and so catching fire when packed. This fuel when so
compounded may be pressed into any required or convenient shape by steam
or other apparatus suitable for that purpose. The aforesaid material when
compounded 1 propose to mix with sawdust, so as to complete saturation and
solidity, and it may then be conveniently stowed away in the bunkers of steam
ships, to be used for marine engine furnaces. For the purpose of smelting
ores I prefer to employ one hundred pounds of my so compounded fuel with
small coal in the proportion of one to two. My so compounded fuel from its
being formed of nearly pure hydrocarbons will be found to consume its own
smoke, and any that may arise from any other fuel that may be in contact or

page_text: burned with it, besides yielding an astonishing amount of heat and light. In
the afore-mentioned cases in which carbonate of soda is employed, potash, or
any other alkali will answer the purpose.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention for "An Improved Combination, or Improved Combinations of
Combustible Materials to be used as Fuel," together with the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in
conclusion that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in the combination
or combinations of the afore-named materials or substances to be used as fuel,
and the manufacture of the same in the manner herein substantially set forth
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Wall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
CHARLES S. BAKER,
General Patent Company, Limited.
71, Fleet Street.
ARTHUR WALL. (L.S.)