Improvements in and relating to the Beaters of Churns, Ice-cream Freezers, and similar Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1898-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1899
COMPLETE, SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Beaters of Churns, Ice-cream
Freezers, and similar Machines.
I, GEORGE AVERY NORCROSS, residing at 1801, Frost Street, New. York, in
the, City, County, and State of New York, United States of America, Inventor,.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to dashers and operative mechanism therefor, and the
object thereof is to provide an improved dasher and improved means for operating
the same, and, which are particularly adapted for use in connection with churns,
but which may be used in connection with ice cream freezers, beaters and other
and similar machines.
"Another object of my invention is to provide an improved dasher which is
vertically adjustable and which is designed to produce a partial vacuum at the
bottom of the vessel in which it is placed by repelling the liquid in the vessel
or driving it towards the sides therof, said vacuum being supplied by air ad-
mitted through a tubular stem connected with the dasher, said vessel being also
provided with deflectors or breakers employed in connection with the dasher. to
counter-act the centrifugal action of the latter, and force the liquid inward or
toward the axis of the dasher.
My present invention is fully disclosed in the following specification of which.
the accompanying drawing forms a part, in which:
Fig. 1, is a perspective view of my improved churn;
Fig 2, a sectional side elevation;
Fig. 3, a side view of the dasher and the dasher shaft, part of the construction
being broken away;
Fig. 4, a side view of one of the deflectors or breakers which I employ; and
Fig. 5, a bottom plan view of the dasher showing one of the wings connected.
therewith, broken, away.
In the drawing forming part of this specification the separate parts of my.
improvement are designated by the same numerals of reference in each of, the
views,, and in the practice of my invention I provide a suitable table or support 1
to one side of which is connected a vertical standard 2 which is provided at its
upper end with a substantially horizontal arm 3 which projects over the table
or support 1, and also over a, churn, tub or similar receptacle 4 placed thereon.
The arm 3 is provided with bearings 5 in which is mounted a drive shaft 6
the outer end of which passes. through the standard 2 and is provided with a.
pinion 7 which is operated by a large power wheel 8 mounted on a stub shaft 9.
secured to the standard 2, said, wheel, 8 being provided with a handle or crank 10
by which it is operated.
The arm 3. is also provided with a horizontal bearing 11 through which passes
a. supplemental vertical drive shaft 12 and the vertical shaft 12 is connected'

page_text: with the horizontal drive shaft 6 by means of a flexible and expansible coupling
shaft 13 the main function of the latter being to convey rotary motion from the
drive shaft which is arranged in a horizontal position to a dasher shaft 14, which
is arranged in a vertical position, within the churn and to hold the same in said
position and keep it seated on its support.
The dasher shaft 14 is provided with a cylindrical head 15 in which is formed
a transverse groove or recess 16 which is adapted to receive a corresponding lug
or projection 17 on the supplemental vertical drive shaft 12 as clearly shown in
Fig. 3, and the lower end of the dasher shaft 14 is pointed and adapted to rest
on the bottom of the tub, churn or other receptacle 4 as shown at 18, or in a
pivotal support connected therewith.
My improved dasher consists of a bottom disk 19 which is provided on its
opposite sides with deflecting blades or wings 20 which are secured thereto
radially thereof both on the upper and lower sides thereof; the free edge of said
wings or blades on each side being all preferably turned in the same direction,
and the said bottom disk 19 is provided centrally with an upwardly directed
tubular stem 22 to which is secured a top dise or plate 23, which also forms a
part of the dasher and the lower surface of which touches or rests upon the
upwardly and backwardly directed wings or blades 20 which are secured to the
top of the bottom disk 19.
The tubular stem. 22 of the dasher is provided between said disks with ports
or passages 20ª and at the upper end thereof with slots or openings 24 and
the arms or upwardly directed extensions 25 thus formed are secured to a collar 26
through which the dasher shaft 14 passes, and said collar is provided with
a set screw 27 by means of which the dasher may be vertically adjusted on the
dasher shaft 14, said shaft being passed downwardly through the tubular stem 22
and the disk 19.
The said bottom disk 19 of the dasher is also provided with four radial rows
of perforations 28 which are covered by deflecting wings or blades 20, and in
the operation of the device, as the dasher is revolved by the wheel 8 and the
intermediate gearing the liquid contents of the churn or tub 4 is forced by the
radial wings or blades 20 outwardly around the inner walls of the tub or churn,
whereby a partial vacuum at the bottom thereof around the dasher shaft is
produced, the said liquid being carried outwardly by centrifugal force as will
be readily understood, the air necessary to supply the vacuum produced by the
dasher is admitted through the tubular stem of the dasher, said air entering
turongh the ports or passages formed by the slots 24, at the upper end of said
stem, and in order to counter-act the centrifugal force and cause the liquid
contents to be thrown back on the dasher, I employ deflectors or breakers 29
which consist of strong wire frames as shown in Fig. 4, provided with bodies 30
of wire netting, and each of these deflectors or breakers is provided at its upper
end with a spring arm 31 and said deflectors or breakers are connected with
the top of the tub as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, said spring arms being passed
down outside of the top while the deflectors or breakers are arranged at an angle
inside thereof, the inclination of said deflectors or breakers being downward and
forward in the direction of the rotation of the dasher, and these deflectors or
breakers are composed of open wire work in order that they may not offer too
great resistance to the movement of the liquid within the body of the churn,
and said deflectors or breakers operate to throw the contents of the churn in-
wardly and thereby counter-act the centrifugal action and prevent the dasher
from being exposed, and the air inducted by the action of the dasher in passing
upward through the contents of the churn to escape at the top thereof is forced
to pass through the liquid contents and in so doing to separate the butter from
the milk or cream.
Any desired manner of deflectors or breakers 29 may be employed, and by
making the dasher vertically adjustable on the dasher shaft I facilitate the
operation thereof, and it will be understood that the stem 22 of the dasher should

page_text: be long enough to prevent the ports or passages 24 at the upper end thereof
from being covered by the contents of the churn.
My improved dasher may be successfully operated by turning it in either
direction, but when turned in the direction in which the wings of blades 20
project greater power will be required than when said dasher is turned in the
opposite direction, and the vacuum around the dasher will be more quickly
produced.
It will be also understood that the dasher shaft 14 is always held in proper
position by the supplemental drive shaft 12, and the flexible and expansible
coupling shaft 13, and my improved dasher is simple in construction and opera-
tion, and may be employed in connection with ice cream freezers and similar
devices and it will be apparent that changes in and modifications of the con-
struction herein described, may be made without departing from the spirit of my
invention or sacrificing its advantages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft and means for turning the
same, of a dasher vertically adjustable thereon substantially as described.
2. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft and means for revolving the
same, of a dasher, comprising a pair of disks, a tubular stem connected with one
of said disks and passing through the upper disk and having ports or passages
between said disks, and provided at its upper end with a collar through which
said shaft passes and with ports or passages below said collar, substantially as
described.
3. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft and means for revolving the
same, of a dasher, comprising a pair of disks, a tubular stem connected with one
of said disks and passing through the upper disk and having ports or passages
between said disks, and provided at its upper end with a collar through which
said shaft passes and with ports or passages below said collar, and the disk
of the dasher below the upper disk being provided with radial wings or blades
which are secured to the upper and lower sides thereof, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft and means for revolving the
same of a dasher, comprising a pair of disks, a tubular stem connected with, one
of said disks and passing through the upper disk and having ports or passages
between said disks, and provided at its upper end with a collar through which
said shaft passes and with ports or passages below said collars, and the disks
of the dasher below the upper disk being provided with radial wings or blades
which are secured to the upper and lower sides thereof, the free edges of said
wings or blades on the opposite sides of said disk being all turned in the same
direction, substantially as described.
5. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft and means for revolving the
same, of a dasher, comprising a pair of disks, a tubular stem connected with one
of said disks and passing through the upper disk and having ports or passages
between said disks and provided at its upper end with a collar through which
said shaft passes and with ports or passages below said collar, and the disk
of the dasher below the upper disk being provided with radial wings or blades
which are secured to the upper and lower sides thereof, and said disk being
perforated, substantially as described.
6. The combination with a churn, of a vertical dasher shaft and means for
revolving the same, a vertically adjustable dasher mounted thereon, and deflectors
or. breakers composed of open wire work which are suspended in said churn,
substantially as described.
7. A dasher consisting of two circular disks one of which is placed above the
other, a tubular stem secured to the bottom disk and passing through the upper
disk, said stem being provided with ports or passages between said disks, and

page_text: the upper end thereof being provided with a collar below which are, ports, or
passages, substantially as described.
L+
8. A dasher consisting of two circular disks one of which is placed above the
other, a tubular stem secured to the bottom disk and passing through the upper
disk, said stem being provided with ports or passages, between said disks, and
the upper end thereof being provided with a collar below which are ports or
passages, and said bottom disk being also provided with radial wings or blades
secured to the upper and lower sides thereof, and the free edges of which are
all turned in the same direction, substantially as described.
9. A dasher consisting of two circular disks one of which is placed above the
other, a tubular stem secured to the bottom disk and passing through the upper
disk, said stem being provided with ports or passages between "said disk, and
the upper end thereof being provided with a collar below which are ports or
passages and said bottom disk being also provided with radial wings or blades,
secured to the upper and lower sides thereof, and said bottom disk being also
radially perforated, substantially as described.
10. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft having means for maintaining.
it normally seated and means for turning the same, of a dasher mounted upon
said, shaft to revolve therewith, and being vertically adjustable thereon, whereby
said dasher will also be seated in its adjusted position during the operation regard-
less of its height of adjustment, substantially as described.
11. The combination in churn, of a vertical dásher shaft and means for
revolving the same, a dasher mounted thereon, and deflectors or, breakers secured,
in said churn at the side thereof, the same consisting of foraminated strips, sub-
stantially as described.
12. The combination in a churn, of a vertical dasher shaft and means for.
revolving the same, a dasher mounted thereon, and deflectors or breakers secured
in said churn at the sides thereof, the same consisting of foraminated strips,
diagonally mounted in the churn at either side of the dasher and ranging ‘up-
wardly therefrom, substantially as described.
13. The combination in a churn, of a vertical dasher shaft and means for
revolving the same, a dasher mounted thereon, and deflectors or breakers secured
in said churn at the sides thereof, the same consisting of foraminated strips,
provided with clips whereby they may be removably secured to the sides of the
churn, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a vertical dasher shaft and means for turning the
same, of a dashier vertically adjustable thereon, substantially as described.
ח
i 1
oo 1
1
2
1000
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.