Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Heating Liquids, Air, and other Fluids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Heating Liquids,
Air, and other Fluids.
I, EMIL FUDICKAR, of 10 Untergrünewalder Strasse, Elberfeld, in the Empire
of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained, in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to apparatus for heating liquids, air and other fluids.
In my improved apparatus for heating liquids, air and other fluids I obtain an
extremely favourable heating action by conducting the heating agent through a
helical channel.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of an apparatus in which the liquid to be
heated is conducted through the helical heating channel.
Figure 2 is a plan of this apparatus.
Figures 3 and 4 show two apparatus having separate channels designed for the
heating and for the passage of the liquid, and which are constructed in
different manners.
In the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 the heating action is increased by
heating the liquid directly by the heating gases, both passing through a common
channel and the heating gases coming in contact with the liquid upon a very large
surface.
As shown in Figure 1 the liquid is introduced into the apparatus through the
cock and rises in the central tube l. This tube terminates above in a rose m
from which the water spurts against the funnel n and is caught in the annular
cup a. The latter is perforated so that the liquid drizzles in a finely divided state
on to the helical bottom A upon which it is conducted downwards. The heating
gases, which are produced in the lower part of the apparatus by a gas burner a
rise in the helical channel formed by the partition A, the casing g and the interior
column d surrounding the tube . and are taken up and carried away by the liquid
leaving the rose m.
The helical bottom surface A is provided with several parallel grooves A¹
presenting a number of holes. Through these. holes flows part of the liquid
moving downwards upon the partition A. The liquid which has passed through
the holes then flows downwards on the under side of the bottom and on the inner
side of the casing g and on the outer side of the tube d until it finally drops on to
the upper side of the nearest convolution of the helical partition, whereupon the
described action is repeated.
After all the particles of liquid have in this manner come in contact on their
way downward with the heating gases and have become energetically heated the
hot liquid collects upon the discs and flows in an equally distributed state down
upon the cone t.
By this means all the walls of the heating channel are covered with the liquid
to be heated, this heating therefore takes place very rapidly, and the heating gases
are completely utilized. The tube d serves for stiffening the whole apparatus and
for fixing the spiral.
In the apparatus represented in Figures 3 and 4 the outer side of the heating
channel constitutes the heating surface. The heating channel a, as shown in
Figure 3, has by preference a flat shape so that it may be made of several discs
cut radially, the parts thus cut being then bent asunder, and of helical strips a¹.
The tube d extending through the axis of the helical heating channel serves for
stiffening the whole and at the same time for admitting the liquid to be heated. In
ID: 017

page_text: the arrangement shown this liquid passes through holes arranged in a helical line
on to the heating surfaces. The holes are preferably drilled obliquely in the tube d
so that the jets leaving them are directed upwards and impinge first against the
under surface of the heating channel and then drop or flow down on to the upper
surface of the heating body.
g
The casing encloses the heating channel a so as to form between the convolu-
tions a second helical channel for the liquid running down. Owing to this
arrangement fresh portions of the liquid flowing down will continually come in
contact with the heating surfaces; the hot liquid is finally discharged below
through the outlet pipe in order to be used for any desired purposes.
For effecting the proper utilization of the heating gases these latter are caused to
pass through the heating channel in opposition to the current of liquid; they enter
through the pipe band leave through the pipe c.
The admission of the liquid to be heated may of course also take place in any
other manner; in Figure 4 the axial tube d does not serve for the admission, use
being made for this purpose of a special tube which consists of very flexible
material, preferably lead, and is wound between the several convolutions of the
heating channel. It is closed at below and provided at its periphery with
numerous holes from which the liquid impinges against the heating surfaces.
The improved apparatus may also be used for heating air or gases, which pass
out through the tube provided in the axis of the heating channel, or are forced in
another manner through the channel formed between the heating surfaces.
The casing g and the axial tube d give strength to the heating apparatus. If
this apparatus is to be used for instance for hot-air heating, the casing y may be
replaced by a walled shaft. With sufficiently stiff material the axial tube may
moreover be dispensed with. The apparatus may also be used inversely in such a
manner that the heating channel a serves for the passage of the liquid to be
heated.
The constructional forms of the apparatus represented are particularly suitable
for baths, the water being very rapidly heated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. An apparatus for heating liquids, with helical channels through which
the heating gases and the liquid to be heated pass in opposite directions.
Second. An apparatus for heating liquids, in which the heating channel serves
at the same time for the passage of the liquid to be heated, so that the heating
gases will come in immediate contact with the liquid (Figures 1 and 2).
Third. In the apparatus specified in the second claim the arrangement of holes
in the partition A forming the heating channel, through which the downwardly
flowing water passes and continues to flow a distance upon the under side of the
partition before it drops down, so that both sides of the bottom are moistened by
the liquid running down.
Fourth. An apparatus for heating liquids, air and other fluids, with a helical
heating channel a arranged in a casing g in such a manner that a helical channel
will be formed between the convolutions of the heating channel and the casing,
such channel serving for the passage of the liquid to be heated.
Fifth. In the apparatus set forth in the fourth claim the arrangement of a tube d
passing axially through the heating channel and having holes arranged helically
(Figure 3), or a helical tube with holes provided in the periphery for the
admission of the liquid (Figure 4).
Deted this 12th day at Avon 1904
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.