IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESS PAPERS, AND IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF DRYING THEM AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEETS OF PAPER, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE DRYING OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James William Crossley, of Brighouse, in the County
of York, Dyer and Finisher, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESS PAPERS, AND IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF DRYING THEM AND OTHER
SIMILAR SHEETS OF PAPER, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE DRYING OF WOVEN
FABRICS, YARNS, WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James William Crossley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1863.
I, JAMES WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Brighouse, in the County of York,
Dyer and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESS PAPERS, AND IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF DRYING THEM
AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEETS OF PAPER, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE DRYING OF WOVEN
FABRICS, YARNS, WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in having press papers coated or covered
with tinfoil or other metal in thin leaves or layers, or an alloy of tin and any
other suitable metal, or with other alloys, mixtures, or amalgams capable of
producing metalic surfaces thereon.

page_text: The second part of the Invention consists in the employment of a series of
cylinders, heated by steam or other heating media, and two endless aprons or
cloths which pass over or partly around and in contact therewith in such
manner that press papers or other sheets of paper may be placed betwixt and
carried or conducted thereby over and around or in near contact with each of
the said cylinders in succession, by which they are dried. The said series of
cylinders or drying machine I enclose to prevent radiation of heat, and I have
a chimney or opening at the top, which may be connected by a pipe to the
boiler chimney with openings at the bottom to admit air, (which may be first
heated) by which means a current will be produced betwixt the cylinders,
carrying off the vapours, thereby materially assisting in the process of drying.
This part of my improvements is also applicable for drying woven fabrics,
yarns, wool, or other fibrous substances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James William Crossley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Dyer and
Finisher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-s xth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James William Crossley, Her special licence, that I, the said
James William Crossley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James William Crossley, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESS PAPERS, AND IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF
DRYING THEM AND OTHER SIMILAR SHEETS OF PAPER, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE
DRYING OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James William
Crossley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James William Crossley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is
to say :-
This Invention consists, firstly, in having press papers coated or covered with
tinfoil or other metal in thin leaves or layers, or an alloy of tin and any other
suitable metal, or with other alloys, mixtures, or amalgams capable of pro-
ducing metallic surfaces thereon.
The second part of the Invention consists in the employment of a series of
cylinders heated by steam or other heating media, and two endless aprons or
cloths which pass over or partly around and in contact therewith in such manner
that press papers or other sheets of paper may be placed betwixt and carried
or conducted thereby over and around or in near contact with each of the
said cylinders in succession, by which they are dried.
The said series of cylinders or drying machine I enclose to prevent radiation
of heat, and I have a chimney or opening at the top (which may be connected
by a pipe to the boiler chimney with openings at the bottom to admit air
which may be first heated), by which means a current will be produced
betwixt the cylinders carrying off the vapours, thereby materially assisting in
the process of drying. This part of my improvement is also applicable for
drying fabrics, yarns, wool, or other fibrous substances.
In carrying the first part of this Invention into practice I employ the well-
known sheets of tin foil or tin-foil paper, which are laid on each side of the
press papers with paste, gum, glue, or other adhesive matter or liquid. The
said press papers are then pressed and dried, when the tinfoil will be securely
fixed thereon, producing metallic surfaces thereto. Other metals or mixtures
of metals may be employed which may be applied in sheets or in a liquified
state, and in some cases without any other adhesive matter or liquid than
what the paper pulp contains, but I prefer the application of tinfoil or tinfoil
paper for producing metallic surfaces on press papers.
The second part of my Invention will be readily understood by reference to
the Drawing which represents the series of cylinders A mounted in two tiers
on framing B, with piping C connected to the axis of each for the conveyance

page_text: of steam or other heating media to the interiors thereof, which parts are con-
structed and arranged as usual in cylinder drying machines; D is an
endless apron or cloth (shewn in dotted line) passing around or partly around
each of the cylinders in the direction of the arrows, being supported in its
return by rollers E, above and clear of the upper tier of cylinders. F is
another endless cloth also passing around the cylinders along with the other
cloth, but carried clear of the lower tier of cylinders by other rollers G in its
return. Some of these rollers are mounted on stands or bearings which are
capable of being moved in or out so as to regulate or adjust the tention of the
cloths. The upper cloth passes under a pressing roller H, and the lower cloth
passes over the roller I and under the roller H, forming a table for feeding
the press papers or other sheets of paper or fibrous substances betwixt the two
cloths, which, when motion is given to the machine in the direction of the arrows,
conduct the said sheets or substances around or partly so and in near contact
with each of the cylinders in succession, by which such papers or substances
are dried and then expelled from the machine at J. The machine in some
cases I enclose with wood or other suitable material as shewn at K, suitable
openings being provided for the inlet and outlet of the substances to be dried
with a chimney or opening L for the escape of moisture, which may be con-
nected by a pipe to the boiler or furnace chimney, whereby a draught will be
produced to exhaust or draw the air and moisture from the machine, and
by having openings at the bottom of the machine heated air may be introduced
thereto. Or instead of steam being introduced to the interior of the cylinders
by pipes, as described, the cylinders may be perforated, or may be made of wire
gauze, and hot or cold air introduced at the bottom of the machine, which may
be forced or exhausted through and around the cylinders by a fan or by the
draught of a chimney.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, or carried into practical effect, I would
have it understood that I do not confino or restrict myself to the parti-
cular kind of metal to be employed, or the method of application of the
same to press papers, but what I claim as of my Invention is,―
Firstly, the application of any suitable kind of metal by any convenient
means or method so as to produce metallic surfaces on press papers.
Secondly, the method of drying press papers or other similar sheets of paper
by passing them over cylinders betwixt endless cloths, as herein shewn and
described.
And, thirdly, the general arrangement and adaptation of machinery and

page_text: apparatus for the purposes set forth, substantially as herein described and
illustrated by the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James William Crossley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
JAMES WILLIAM CROSSLEY. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named James William
Crossley, in the presence of
W*. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.