IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO Gas and other LAMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Abrahams, of Saint Peter's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO Gas and other LAMPS."
Scaled the 17th July 1874, and dated the 20th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Abrahams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1874.
I, ABRAHAM ABRAHAMS, of Saint Peter's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO GAS AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to lamps which are surrounded by
colored or uncolored glass, or other transparent or partly transparent
material bearing pictures, designs, advertisements, or other figures; and
relates more particularly to means of imparting rotation, and of facili-
tating the rotation of the said glass or other material; also to the use
of reflectors, as herein-after described.

page_text: any suitable
In carrying out the Invention I employ a vessel made of
material in which I place water. In the centre of this vessel (when
gas is employed) is a vertical tube, the lower end of which is in com-
munication with the gas supply, while the upper end is above the
water level. Fitted over this tube I place another tube, the lower
end of which is below the water level, while the upper end carries
one or more burners. This outer tube is in the centre of a vessel
herein-after called the inner vessel which rests upon the surface of
the water in the first-named or outer vessel. Upon the inner vessel
rests a frame of hexagonal or other desired shape of glass or other
transparent or partly transparent material carrying the pictures,
designs, advertisements, or other figures. This frame surrounds the
burners and supports at a suitable distance above the burners a hori-
zontal fan wheel.
The heated air rising from the burners acting upon the vanes or
blades of the fan wheel causes it to revolve on its axis, together with
the frame of pictures or other figures and the inner vessel, the outer
gas tube forming the pivot, and as the inner vessel rests upon the
surface of the water in the outer vessel there is little or no friction,
and the revolution is much facilitated. The water also forms an
efficient seal to prevent the escape of gas between the inner and outer
tubes.
To the outer vessel I attach at opposito sides two reflectors, preferably
of concave form, by which the colors of the revolving frame of glass
or other material are reflected with great brilliancy, and if the colors
on the several sides of the frame vary, say red, blue, and yellow,
alternately, the color of the light thrown by the reflectors constantly
varies, the effect thereby produced being novel and attractive.
When instead of gas an oil or other light is used the lamp is
placed within the inner vessel which floats in the outer vessel, as
before.
The employment of reflectors in the manner just described may also
be applied to hand and other signal lamps for reflecting the red, green,
or other lights therefrom; also to lighthouses.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Abraham Abrahams in the Great Seal Patent Office
11
0011
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filed by the said Abraham Abrahams in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABRAHAM
ABRAHAMS, of Saint Peter's Park, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
с
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Abraham Abrahams, Her
special licence that I, the said Abraham Abrahams, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Abraham
Abrahams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO GAS AND OTHER LAMPS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Abraham Abrahams, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Abraham Abrahams, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to lamps which are surrounded by
colored or uncolored glass or other transparent or partly transparent
material bearing pictures, designs, advertisements, or other figures; and
relates more particularly to means of imparting rotation to and of facili-

page_text: tating the rotation of the said glass or other material; also to the use
of reflectors, as herein-after described.
In carrying out the Invention I employ a vessel made of any suitable
material in which I place water. In the centre of this vessel (when
gas is employed) is a vertical tube, the lower end of which is in com-
munication with the gas supply, while the upper end is above the
water level. Fitted over this tube I place another tube, the lower
end of which is below the water level, while the upper end carries
onc or more burners. This outer tube is in the centre of a vessel
hercin-after called the inner vessel, which rests upon the surface of
the water in the first-named or outer vessel. Upon the inner vessel
rests a frame of hexagonal or other desired shape of glass or other
transparent or partly transparent material carrying the pictures,
designs, advertisements, or other figures. This frame surrounds the
burners, and supports at a suitable distance above the burners a hori-
zontal fan wheel.
The heated air rising from the burners acting upon the vanes or
blades of the fan wheel causes it revolve on its axis, together with
the frame of pictures or other figures, and the inner vessel, the outer
gas tube forming the pivot, and as the inner vessel rests upon the
surface of the water in the outer vessel there is little or no friction,
and the revolution is much facilitated. The water also forms an
efficient seal to prevent the escape of gas between the inner and outer
tubes.
To the outer vessel I attach at opposite sides two reflectors, preferably
of concave form, by which the colors of the revolving frame of glass
or other material are reflected with great brilliancy, and if the colors
on the several sides of the frame vary, say red, blue, and yellow,
alternately, the color of the light thrown by the reflectors constantly
varies, the effect thereby produced being novel and attractive.
•
When instead of gas an oil or other light is used the lamp is
placed within the inner vessel which floats in the outer vessel, as
before.
The employment of reflectors in the manner just described may also
be applied to band and other signal lamps for reflecting the red, green,
or other lights therefrom; also to lighthouses.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a front elevation, and
Figure 2, a vertical section of a gas lamp with my improvements applied
thereto.
a is a vessel made of metal or other suitable material, and of circular
form; it is provided with a base or foot a' which may be weighted
if thought necessary; it is open at the top and is filled with water
up to about the level shewn in the Drawing. In the centre of the
vessel is a vertical tube b, the upper end of which is above the level
of the water, while the lower end communicates with a pipe c to
which an india-rubber or other pipe connected with the gas supply
is attached; d is another tube fitted over the tube b, so that its lower
end is below the water level. From the upper end of this tube several
small tubes e, e, radiate, each of them being provided with a burner,
as shewn. The tube d is in the centre of and is carried by an inner
vessel which rests upon the surface of the water in the vessel a;
g is a hexagonal (or it may be otherwise shaped) frame of glass or
other transparent or partly transparent material upon which pictures,
designs, advertisements, or other desired objects are engraved, or other-
wise formed. This frame g rests upon the inner vessel f and surrounds
the burners. Upon this frame and at a suitable distance above the
burners a horizontal fan wheel is placed. On the outside of the
outer vessel a arc two sockets or holders to receive curved arms or
supports K, K, which carry at opposite sides of the apparatus two
concave reflectors 1, 2, which should be placed at such an angle as
to reflect to a point in front of the apparatus the colours successively
thrown upon them through the several sides or facets of the hexagonal
frame g.
As has been herein-before explained the heated air rising from the
burners acts upon the fan wheel h and causes it to revolve on its
axis together with the frame g and the inner vessel f, the water upon
which this vessel rests reducing the friction to a minimum, while at the
same time it forms a seal to prevent the gas escaping between the
tubes 6 and d. And when the colors on the several sides of the frame g
vary, as has been already mentioned, the light thrown upon and reflected
by the reflectors 1, 1, constantly varies in color; the effect of this
variation and of the flashing of colors being novel, brilliant, and

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
Improvements applicable to Gas and other Lamps,"-
"
-
1. The use of water as a support for a revolving portion, or revolving
portions of lamps, substantially as herein-before described.
2. The addition to or combination with lamps of reflectors for reflecting
the changing light or colors thrown thereon through a revolving or
moving portion of the lamp, substantially as herein-before described.
3. Constructing lamps as herein-before described and represented in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Abrahams, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.