IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND ELECTING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay, of Kilmarnock, in the County of
Ayr, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR INJECTING AND ELECTING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS"
Sealed the 19th November 1867, and dated the 21st May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1867.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in apparatus used for
injecting and ejecting liquids and fluids, more especially consists in the con-
struction of metallic packing applicable thereto which may be employed to
render steam-tight the moving or sliding joints in instruments of that class.
Under one modification the packing consists of a metallic ring which is
soldered or otherwise fixed to the tubular part; this ring is of a conical form,
and several long narrow slits or openings are cut into it by a saw or otherwise.
A second ring of corresponding shape is also soldered or otherwise fixed to the

page_text: tubular part close to the first ring, the inner surface of the second ring being
made to exactly correspond to the outer surface of the cut ring; this
second ring is made by preference of thin brass, although other metal may be
used, and its outer diameter is made slightly larger than the interior chamber
of the outer part of the instrument, so that on being placed therein the rings
are slightly compressed, and the outer ring is thus held against the inner side
of the cylindric casing of the instrument to an extent sufficient to render the
joint very effective and steam-tight, the inner ring acting as a spring forcing
against the outer one. In place of applying the rings in the manner above
described their arrangement may be reversed, that is, the outer edges of the
rings may be fixed to the inside of the tubular casing, in which case the cut
ring is placed outside the thin elastic ring, and the cuts are made in the ring
on the smallest part of the cone in place of the largest part, as in the
preceding modification.
In place of either of the foregoing modifications a third may be adopted,
which consists in using a packing ring or rings hollowed out from the interior
at the central part and at the exterior on the outer edges, thus, obtaining three
bearing surfaces, one of which bears against or is fixed to the inner side of
the casing, whilst the other two surfaces bear against the tubular passage
carrying the nozzles or other movable or adjustable part of the instrument.
It is obvious that by reversing the shape of the ring the position of the bearing
surfaces will be reversed, thus producing a fourth modification of my
Invention.
It is to be understood that in either of the two latter modifications the rings
are made sufficiently thin to easily adapt themselves to the surfaces to which
they are applied to keep tight, and they inay or may not have applied to them
interior rings of corresponding shape to increase their elasticity.
A fourth modification consists in using two or more conic rings similar to
the first of those mentioned in the first modification; these rings are cut in
either the inner or outer edges in manner similar to those herein-before
described, and the out part of one ring is situated upon the solid or unout
part of the other, so that no steam may blow through them, the surfaces of the
rings where they touch each other being ground together so as to form a
perfectly close joint,
In place of using any of the foregoing modifications of my Invention two
or more ordinary flat metallic rings may be used, the joint of one being situated
in a reverse position to the other, having interior metallic strips to prevent
the steam from blowing through.
It may be observed in conclusion that the main feature of this Invention is

page_text: the construction of metallic packing in such manner that highly elastic
bearing surfaces which are thoroughly steam-tight are thereby obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Barclay in the Great Seal. Patent Office on the
21st November 1867.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Andrew Barclay, Her special license that I, the said Andrew
Barclay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any tinie agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might makes
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of. Great Britain and.
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Barclay, by an instru
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be:
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the.
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention, which relates to certain improvements in apparatus used
for injecting and ejecting liquids and fluids, more especially consists in the
construction of metallic packing applicable thereto, which may be employed
to render steam-tight the moving or sliding joints in instruments of that
class.

page_text: Under one modification of the packing consists of a metallic ring which is
soldered or otherwise fixed to the tubular part; this ring is of a conical form,
and several long narrow slits or openings are cut into it by a saw or otherwise.
A second ring of corresponding shape is also soldered or otherwise fixed to the
tubular part close to the first ring, the inner surface of the second ring being
made to exactly correspond to the outer surface of the cut ring. This second
ring is made by preference of thin brass, although other metal may be used,
and its outer diameter is made slightly larger than the interior chamber of the
outer part of the instrument, so that on being placed therein the rings
are slightly compressed, and the outer ring is thus held against the inner side
of the cylindric-casing of the instrument to an extent sufficient to render the
joint very effective and steam-tight, the inner ring acting as a spring forcing
against the outer one. In place of applying the rings in the manner above
described their arrangement may be reversed, that is, the outer edges of the
rings may be fixed to the inner side of the tubular casing, in which case the
cut ring is placed outside the thin elastic ring, and the cuts are made in the
ring on the smallest part of the cone in place of the largest part, as in the
preceding modification.
In place of either of the foregoing modifications a third may be adopted,
which consists in using a packing ring or rings hollowed out from the interior
at the central part and at the interior on the outer edges, thus obtaining three
bearing surfaces, one of which bears against or is fixed to the inner side of the
casing, whilst the other two surfaces bear against the tubular passage carrying
the nozzles or other moveable or adjustable part of the instrument. It is
obvious that by reversing the shape of the ring the position of the bearing
surfaces will be reversed, thus producing a fourth modification of my
Invention.
It is to be understood that in either of the two latter modifications the rings
are made sufficiently thin to easily adapt themselves to the surfaces to which
they are applied to keep tight, and they may or may not have applied to them
interior rings of corresponding shape to increase their elasticity.
A fourth modification consists in using. two or more conic rings similar to
the first of those mentioned in the first modification; these rings are cut in
either the inner or outer edges in manner similar to those herein-before
described, and the cut part of one ring is situated upon the solid or uncut
part of the other, so that no steam may blow through them, the surfaces of
the rings where they touch each other being ground together so as to form a
perfectly close joint.
In place of using any of the foregoing modifications of my Invention two

page_text: or more ordinary flat metallic rings may be used, the joint of one being situated
in a reverse position to the other, having interior metallic strips to prevent
the steam from blowing through.
It may be observed in conclusion that the main feature of this Invention is
the construction of metallic packing in such manner that highly elastic
bearing surfaces which are thoroughly steam-tight are thereby obtained..
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or
under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect,
reference being had for the sake of more complete elucidation to the several
Figures upon the explanatory Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto
appended, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an injector or ejector showing my
improvements attached thereto, and as its general arrangement is similar to
others at present in use, I shall not refer to other parts of it than those
which are immediately connected with the application of my present improve-
ments, the object of which, as herein-before stated, is to maintain a perfectly
tight joint between the steam passage A and the outer casing of the injector B.
To produce the tight joint several truncated conic rings C are fixed firmly
round the tubular steam passage A by solder or otherwise. In the modification
shown at Figure 1 the conic rings are formed in pairs, the inner rings being
marked 1, are formed by preference of gun metal (although other metallic
alloys may be employed), and the outer rings 2 being composed of a mixture
similar or nearly similar to that known as constituting yellow brass. The
inner ring 1 is thicker than the outer ring 2, and it is also formed with slits
or openings in it, as shown in detail at Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 being a
plan of a pair of the packing rings, and Figure 3 a corresponding transverse
section. The splits or openings are made alternately long and short, as seen
at Figure 3, the object of the splits and the alternation of their lengths being
to ensure a practically perfect elasticity of action. The diameter of the split
ring 1 is made so that the edge of the larger end of the cone fits closely to
the interior of the casing B, and the diameter of the outer ring 2 is a little
larger than the interior of the casing, so that when the steam passage with
the packing rings is put in place in the instrument the rings 1 and 2 become
compressed by an amount equal to the thickness of the outer ring, or other-
wise expressed by the extent to which the diameter of the outer ring exceeds
the interior diameter of the casing. On referring again to Figure 1 it will be
observed that as the steam is admitted through the branch D, it acts upon the
inner packing ring 1, and its pressure tends to force the rings 1 and 2 more

page_text: closely against the casing B, thus rendering the joint as tight as possible.
The two rings 1 and 2 are accurately fitted together so that no leak or blow
may occur between them, but in order to diminish as much as possible the
cbances of leakage as well as to provide a long and steadier bearing or
support for the steam passage, two other pairs of rings constructed similar
to those herein-before referred to are applied, as shown at Figure 1.
I wish it to be particularly understood that I prefer to use any of the arrange-
ments of packing rings herein-before set forth in connection with instruments
of the construction shown at Figure 1, in which case the motion of the steam
passage is governed by the screw E, and therefore is rectilinear or parallel in
place of being circular and spiral, although my improved packing may be used
in connection with instruments in which the motion of the passage is circular
and spiral and it is further to be understood that my improved metallic
packing rings may be used for other parts of the instrument besides that shown
at Figure 2.
gure 4 represents a longitudinal section of that part of an injector or
ejector to which the second modification of my Invention is applied. In this
case as in the preceding the steam passage is marked A, and the casing of the
instrument B. The chief difference in this from the preceding consists in
using two split rings, 1 and 1", in place of one. By the use of the
two rings 1 and 1ª a more perfect elasticity is obtained than with one ring.
The two rings 1 and 1 are very accurately fitted together, and the splits
in the one ring are arranged to alternate or break joint with those of the
other, that is to say, the split of one ring is situated and bears upon the solid
part of the other ring, as shown at Figure 5, which represents an elevation of
the packing used at Figure 4. The two rings are further made tight by the
use of the outer thin ring marked 2 in Figures 4 and 5.
Figure 6 is a plan of the upper end of the packing shown at Figures 4
and 5. Instead of using one solid ring, as shown in this modification, any
number of split rings may be employed, so long as the splits alternate or break
joint with each other, and in place of using split rings one or more thin unsplit
rings may be used.
Another modification of my improved packing is shown at Figure 7, the
arrangement in this case being a reverse of the preceding. In place of fixing
the packing to the steam passage it is here soldered or otherwise secured to
the interior of the casing B, the packing thus becoming stationary, whilst the
upper or smaller end encircles with a tight joint the tubular steam passage A,
which can be moved within them as may be required. In this case the splits
in the rings 1 and 1ª are made from the smaller end towards the larger end,

page_text: and the splits in the one ring alternate with the solid parts of the other, and
being well fitted no leak or blow through takes place. Whilst then the steam
acts on the upper of the two rings 1 and 1, it compresses them around the
moveable steam passage B, and at the same time the inner or lower ring ?,
thus forming a practically steam-tight joint at this part of the instrument.
Oue set of packing rings only is shown at Figure 7; it is obvious, however,
that more may be employed, and in place of using two split rings one may be
used, as in the first modification, or one or more solid or split rings may be
used, as herein-before described.
Figure 8 represents a longitudinal section of that part of an instrument for
injecting or ejecting liquids or fluids to which another modification of my
improvements is applied. A concave circular ring of thin brass or other
metal 1 is applied, and in its interior is fixed the split ring of harder metal 2,
this ring being fixed or not to the steam passage at the part marked a in the
Figure, and also soldered or not to the outer ring at its central part.
In placing
the rings of this modification together, one of the rings may be made in two
halves, so as to allow each half to be placed within. or around the other ring
separately, and as soon as it is fixed therein or thereon the two pieces are
soldered together. It is obvious that as soon as the steam enters the instru-
ment it presses upon the upper part of the rings, as shown by the arrows, and
therefore forces the upper edge of the ring close against the inner surface of
the casing, thus rendering the joint steam-tight. In using packing of the
construction herein last described any number of split or unsplit rings may
be used.
The last modification of my improved packing which I consider it necessary
to describe is shown at Figure 9; it consists of ordinary packing rings
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, or any other number, carefully fitted together and to the
inner part of the casing B; the rings are split in the ordinary manner and held
in position by the collar C at the lower end, and the nut D at the upper; the
action of this arrangement of packing in keeping the joint tight is similar to
that of ordinary ring packed pistons.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First, the application of elastic metallic packing for the purpose of rendering
steam-tight the moving parts of instruments for injecting and ejecting fluids
and liquids as herein-before described.

page_text: Second, the use of combined sets or pairs of split and solid elastic or metallic
rings of a curved, straight, conic, or other form, for the purpose of rendering
steam-tight joints of instruments for injecting liquids and fluids, as herein-
before described and shown at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Third, the fixing of elastic metallic packing to the moveable or fixed parts
of apparatus for injecting or ejecting liquids or fluids as herein-before
described.
Fourth, the general arrangement or construction of instruments as shown.
at Figure 1, in combination with any of the arrangements of elastic metallic
packing, as hereiu-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Barclay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
ST. JOHN VINCENT DAY, C.E.,
166, Buchanan St.,
Glasgow.
ANDREW BARCLAY. (L.S.)