IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND SPINNING OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT
to William Taylor, of the Temple Mills, Dundee,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
AND SPINNING OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND
Sealed the 21st May 1867, and dated the 26th November 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
left by the said William Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1866.
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of the Temple Mills, Dundee, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT AND SPINNING OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,' to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the lubrication of the fibres of jute, hemp, flax,
and other fibrous substances preparatory to spinning into yarn, and to a
peculiar construction of apparatus applicable to the lubrication of fibrous
substances at any stage of their manufacture, also to certain improvements in
the machinery or apparatus employed in spinning fibrous substances,
CD 077

page_text: The lubrication herein referred to is not intended to supersede or interfere
with the usual process of "batching" jute, but is intended to be additional or
supplementary thereto, and this part of my Invention consists in imparting
to the fibres (after they have been broken down, or partially broken down, by
the action of any of the well-known preparing machines and formed into a
sliver) a quantity of lubricating material such as oil, either in a pure state or
combined chemically with water by means of an alkali; the amount of
lubricating material so applied being either retained from the "batching"
process or entirely in addition thereto as may be desired. It is considered
the portion of lubricating material so applied will be more useful and effective
in the after processes of manufacture, particularly the drawing, roving, and
spinning, as it will be fresher and more on the surface of the
fibres than if applied and absorbed by the fibre in the usual "batching"
process.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I propose to employ a peculiar
apparatus which I call a "pneumatic fountain," the object of which is to give
out and impart any required quantity of the lubricating material in a uniformly
regular manner. This lubrication is equally applicable to the fibrous sub-
stances named, whether they are in the state known as line or in the state
known as tow, each requiring a somewhat different class of machines for their
manufacture. In the case of flax, where no lubrication of the fibre in the
process of spinning or manufacture has hitherto been practised; the lubrication
itself forms an essential feature of my Invention, as well as the mode of apply-
ing the lubricating material. The mode of applying the lubricating material
when the fibres are to be spun or manufactured from the state in which they
are known as tow consists in applying it to them whilst they
are passing or after they have passed over the breaker or finisher card, or
both, and have been formed into a sliver by means of rollers specially made
for applying the same or by using some of the rollers of the machine itself for
that purpose.
When the fibres are to be spun or manufactured from the
state in which they are known as line the lubricating material is applied to
them at the spreading or drawing frames by means of special rollers or by
using some of the rollers of the machine itself for that purpose.
The "pneumatic fountain" consists of a closed vessel which holds and
supplies the lubricating material. To the lower part of one side of this vessel
there is fixed a passage and cock in position to drain it into a small reservoir
forming part of the fountain; this passage and its cock has a waterway of a
rectangular section, the long way of the rectangle being vertical and the short
way horizontal. The end of this passage where it enters the small reservoir

page_text: is provided with a slide or sluice so as to make a perfectly air-tight joint,
which by means of adjusting and fixing screws is made to slide up and down
upon the orifice, so that any portion of it, and that portion only which is
required, can be left open through which to discharge the lubricating material.
In the top of the fountain there is an orifice through which to fill it, this
orifice being made to close air-tight by a screwed plug and head with a
leather, rubber, or other washer, and is made so as to be easily opened and
closed.
The small reservoir is made to overflow upon the lubricating rollers or a
communication is made between the reservoir and rollers by means of a piece
of woollen cloth, sponge, or other absorbent material, and the lubricating
material is thus transferred to the rollers by capillary attraction as required,
the rollers giving it off to the sliver of fibres passing through them. The
operation of the fountain is as follows, viz. :-The slide over the orifice of the
passage being adjusted to give the required level of the lubricating material in
the reservoir necessary to give off the required quantity, the cock is closed
and the filling orifice opened, the fountain is then filled with the lubricating
material and the orifice again closed air-tight. In this condition the atmosphere
is excluded from the fountain and can only enter it by opening the cock of
the passage; the cock is then opened, when the lubricating material flows
into the reservoir and the air enters the fountain. This continues until the
lubricating material covers the orifice, when by a well-known law no further
flow will take place, but in proportion as the reservoir overflows or transmits
the lubricating material to the rollers an equal quantity will flow from the
fountain to maintain the adjusted level in the reservoir, and when the machine
stops the cock of the passage is closed, either by the hand of the attendant,
when the supply will be stopped, or it can be made to open or close auto-
matically by the machine itself. Instead of applying the lubricating material
by means of rollers it can also be applied by forming the overflow part of the
small reservoir with a number of small holes, through which the lubricating
material can be made to drop upon the sliver of fibres as it passes below. It
is obvious that the "pneumatic fountain" is equally applicable for regulating
the supply of lubricating material to the fibrous substances named at any part
of the manufacturing process, or whether they are in the raw state, in broken
fibre, yarns, or cloth.
The improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning the fibrous sub-
stances herein-before referred to consist of two parts; the first part refers
to the spindles of the spinning frames and has for its object the securing the
step and collar bearings effectually in their places, whilst retaining at the

page_text: same time perfect facility for adjustment, and further the allowing the spindles
of whatever length they may be, to be removed from or replaced in the frame
without moving the rail or loosening its fastenings. To effect these objects
the holes in the rails for the footstep and collar bearings are prepared in the
usual way; the hole for the footstep is then screwed with a thread of any
desired pitch or fineness, and the cylindrical step itself is screwed on the
outside to fit this hole and is made of sufficient length to pass through the
rail and take in a jam nut below, a small hole being bored through it at the
lower end in the direction of its diameter, so as to admit a moveable pin or
lever to be inserted in it by which to screw it round when required. The
footstep is then screwed into the rail by means of this moveable pin or lever
until it is in proper position for the spindle, the jam nut is then screwed up
upon it tight to the bottom of the rail, when it will be so effectually secured
in its place that it will not move. The spindle is thus kept at its proper level
in reference to the traverse or coping rail, and will in consequence cause no
derangement in filling the bobbin by falling down from its adjusted position,
and when adjustment is required for wear or any other cause it is obtained
more correctly than with the pinching screw heretofore employed by slackening
the jam nut, elevating or depressing or turning the footstep round as required,
and tightening the nut again when the adjustment is made. For the collar
bearings a slit is cut from the front of the rail to the hole prepared for the
collar through its whole depth a little wider than the diameter of the barrel of
the spindle so that it can pass through this slit; a small bracket is made to
fit into this slit and fill it, having its inner face formed to the same circle as
the hole, and two wings or flanges, one extending on each side of the slit, and
through which two screws are passed into the rail which fastens the bracket
thereto. A collar of the usual form and size is placed in the hole, when the
part of this bracket which enters the slit is forced up by the screws upon the
collar, which bears on it with a surface area equal to the depth of the rail and
the width of the slit, and by reason of the extent of this surface bearing and
the pressure of the screws the collar is secured fast into its place. When
adjustment is required it is obtained by slackening the screws, when the collar
can be moved up or down or round in the same way as with the ordinary
pinching screw, and when the required adjustment is made the bracket is
screwed tight. The slit allows of the spindles being placed in the frame by
simply passing them into their place through the slit, dropping down the collar
as usual over their end, and then fastening by the bracket; it also allows
of removal by taking off the bracket, removing the collar, and bringing the
spindle out through the slit.

page_text: The second part of these improvements has reference to that part of the
spinning frame called the bend, which holds the bearings or journals for the
drawing and retaining rollers, the intermediate roller, or rove plates and,
conductor rod, and consists in constructing the bend in such a manner as to
admit of a horizontal or nearly horizontal shift of the retaining rollers, whilst
the same shifts as heretofore employed are continued to the conductor rod and
intermediate roller or rove plates, the power for binding the rove by them
being thus varied to any required degree by changing the relative positions of
the drawing and retaining rollers; this shift to be of any practical value
requires to be easily made, and the bushes or bearings of the retaining roller
to be maintained always in a correctly straight line. This is accomplished by
forming that part of the bend which holds the bush of the retaining roller so
as to allow of it sliding back or forward in two halves in a horizontal or nearly
horizontal line, say of 2½ inches in length. For each bush there are made,
say, four filling pieces of iron or other hard material of the respective thick-
ness of inch, inch, inch, and inch, but of uniform length and width;
these filling pieces are caused to fit easily into that part of the bend which
holds the bush, and which when the whole are placed either on one side or
other of the bush along with it fill the slide; they are then screwed fast into
the bend by means of a cover and two screws. When all these four filling
pieces are placed at the back of the bush it is evident that the retaining roller
will be 2 inches further forward than it would be if they were all placed at
the front and the whole screwed up in the same way. It is by slackening
the screws without taking out the roller or bush, and taking out one or more
of these filling pieces from one side of the bush and placing them on the .
other side and tightening them up again by the screw, that a shift of the
retaining roller is obtained, and the whole shift of 2 inches in portions of a
quarter of an inch or multiples of a quarter of an inch at a time can be
made; this division of a quarter of an inch is sufficiently small for practical
purposes, but any other division can be obtained according to the thickness of
the filling pieces employed, or any total length of shift can be obtained by
increasing or diminishing the length of the slide seat for the bush in the bend.
These filling pieces are made, unlike the bush itself, without flanges, so as to
admit of their being removed without removing the bush or roller, the pressure
of the cover and screws being sufficient to hold them in position, but as a
security against any movement to one side they can be kept in position by
having a projecting steady pin fastened into each, the projecting part of the
pins fitting into holes made to receive them in the bend and cover and into
corresponding holes made in each piece. The grates that hold the pressing

page_text: and retaining rollers and the levers that press them on to the front retaining
roller must be arranged so as to follow and admit of the shifts being thus
made on the front-retaining roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
May 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TAYLOR, of the Temple Mills, Dundee, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Taylor, Her special license that I, the said William
Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Taylor, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might.
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND SPINNING OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Taylor, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Taylor, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My said Invention relates to the lubrication of the fibres of jute, hemp.
flax, and other fibrous substances for the purposes of manufacture, and to a

page_text: peculiar construction of apparatus applicable to the lubrication of fibrous
substances at any stage of their manufacture; also to certain improvements
in the machinery or apparatus employed in spinning fibrous substances. The
lubrication herein referred to is not intended to supersede or interfere with the
usual process of "batching" jute, whether this be done by hand or by a
special machine for the purpose, but is intended to be additional or supple-
mentary thereto, and this part of my Invention consists in imparting to the
fibres (after they have been broken down or partially broken down by the
action of any of the well-known preparing machines and formed into a sliver) a
quantity of lubricating material such as oil, either in a pure state or combined.
chemically with water by means of an alkali, the amount of lubricating
material so applied being either retained from the "batching" process, or it
may be entirely in addition thereto, as may be desired. It is considered that
the portion of lubricating material so applied will be more useful and effective
in the after processes of manufacture, particularly the drawing, roving, and
spinning, as it will be fresher and more on the surface of the fibres than if
applied and absorbed by the fibre in the usual batching process.
The improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning the fibrous sub-
stances herein-before referred to consists of two parts.
The first part refers to the spindles of the spinning frames and has for its
object the securing the step and collar bearings effectually in their places
whilst retaining at the same time perfect facility for adjustment and affording
facility for allowing the spindles, of whatever length they may be, to be
removed from or replaced in the frame without moving the rail or loosening
its fastenings.
The second part of these improvements has reference to that part of the
spinning frame called the "bend," which holds the bearings or journals for
the drawing and retaining rollers, the intermediate roller or rove plates, and
conductor rod.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of Drawings, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of my Drawings represents a cross section of my
improved lubricating apparatus as applied to the delivering rollers of a jute
card: Figure 2 is an elevation of the same looking at right angles to or in
the direction of the arrow in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a plan corresponding to

page_text: Figures 1 and 2, and the rest of the Figures on this Sheet are details of the
lubricator which I shall herein-after more fully refer to.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention I propose to employ a peculiar
apparatus which I call a "pneumatic fountain," the object of which is to
give out and impart any required quantity of the lubricating material in a
uniformly regular manner. This lubrication is equally applicable to the fibrous
substances named, whether they are in the state known as line or in the state
known as tow, each requiring a somewhat different class of machines for
their manufacture. In the case of flax, where no lubrication of the fibre in
the process of spinning or manufacture has hitherto been practised, the lubri-
cation itself forms an essential feature of my Invention, as well as the mode
of applying the lubricating material. The mode of applying the lubricating
material when the fibres are to be spun or manufactured from the state in
which they are known as tow consists in applying it to them whilst they are
passing or after they have passed over the breaher or finisher card, or both
and have been formed into a sliver by means of rollers specially made for
applying the same or by using some of the rollers of the machine itself for
that purpose.
When the fibres are to be spun or manufactured from the.
state in which they are known as line the lubricating material is applied to
them at the spreading or drawing frames by means of special rollers or by
using some of the rollers of the machine itself for that purpose. The
"pneumatic fountain" consists of a closed vessel A which holds and supplies
the lubricating material. To the lower part of one side of this vessel there is
fixed a passage B and cock C in position to drain it into a small reservoir D
forming part of the fountain; this passage and its cock has a waterway of a
rectangular section, the long way of the rectangle being vertical and the short
way horizontal; the end of this passage where it enters the small reservoir is
provided with a slide or sluice E so as to make a perfectly air-tight joint;
this sluice is shewn in full-sized detail at Figures 4, 5, and 6; it is caused to
slide up and down upon the orifice a by means of the adjusting screw F and
nut G, which latter serves also to fix it in any position so that any portion of
the orifice and that portion only which is required can be left open through
which to discharge the lubricating material. In the top of the fountain
there is an orifice H through which to fill it; this orifice being made to close
air-tight by a screwed plug I and head or cap K (see Figure 7) provided with
a leather rubber or washer, and is made so as to be easily opened and closed.
The small reservoir D is made to overflow upon the lubricating rollers L by
means of a projecting flap M hinged to the reservoir, and which can be elevated

page_text: or depressed as desired (see dotted lines in Figure 1), or a communication
is made between the reservoir and rollers by means of a piece of woollen
cloth, sponge, or other porous or absorbent material laid over this flap as
shewn in Figure 1, and the lubricating material is thus transferred to the
rollers L by capillary attraction as required, the rollers giving it off to the
sliver of fibres passing through them. This hinged flap serves two purposes,
firstly, when turned up into the reservoir it prevents the discharge of the
lubricating material when the machine is stopped, and secondly, it can be
readily raised for a moment to clean away any dust that may accumulate
between the cloth and the roller, or it may be depressed or elevated to carry
over more or less of the lubricating material.
The operation of the fountain is as follows, viz. :-The slide E over the
orifice of the passage being adjusted to give the required level of the lubricating
material in the small reservoir D necessary to give off the required quantity,
the cock C is closed and the filling orifice at H opened; the fountain or
vessel A is then filled with the lubricating material, and the orifice again
closed air-tight by the plug and cap. In this condition the atmosphere is
excluded from the fountain, and can only enter it by opening the cock C of
the passage; the cock is then opened, when the lubricating material flows into
the reservoir D and the air enters the fountain. This continues until the
lubricating material covers the orifice, when by a well-known law no further
flow will take place, but in proportion as the reservoir overflows or transmits
the lubricating material to the rollers an equal quantity will flow from the
fountain to maintain the adjusted level in the reservoir, and when the machine
stops the cock C of the passage is closed, and the projecting flap M is raised
to a vertical position or turned back into the reservoir by the hand of the
attendant, when the supply will be stopped; or the cock C can be opened or
closed and the projecting flap elevated or depressed automatically by the
machine itself. Instead of applying the lubricating material by means of
rollers it can also be applied by forming the overflow part of the small
reservoir with a number of small holes, or by points by which the lubricating
material can be made to drop upon the sliver of fibres as it passes below.
It is obvious that the "pneumatic fountain" is equally applicable for regu-
lating the supply of lubricating material to the fibrous substances named at
any part of the manufacturing process or whether they are in the raw state,
in broken fibre, yarns, or cloth.
I shall now proceed to describe that division of the second part of my
Invention which has reference to the securing of the step and collar bearings
of the spindles of spinning frames.
i

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 2), illustrate respectively the ordinary mode of
securing the bushes of the collar and footstep bearings of the spindles of
spinning frames.
A, A, are the collar and footstep bearings, each being secured in a
circular opening in the rails B, B', respectively by pinching screws C, C¹.
Now according to my Invention I prepare the holes in the rails for the
footsteps and collar bearings in the usual way, after which the hole for the
footstep is screwed with an internal thread of any desired pitch or fineness,
as shown at Figure 3, and the cylindrical step itself A is screwed on the
outside to fit this hole and is made of sufficient length to pass through the
rail B and take into a jam nut C¹ below, a small hole being bored through
it at the lower end in the direction of its diameter, so as to admit a
moveable pin or lever to be inserted in it by which to screw it round when
required; the footstep is then screwed into the rail by means of this move-
able pin or lever until it is in proper position for the spindle, the jam nut C
is then screwed up upon it tight to the bottom of the rail B', when it will
be so effectually secured in its place that it will not move. The spindle is
thus kept at its proper level in reference to the traverse or coping rail, and
will in consequence cause no derangement in filling the bobbin by falling
down from its adjusted position, and when adjustment is required for wear
or any other cause it is obtained more correctly than with the pinching screw
heretofore employed (shown at Figure 2) by slackening the jam nut,
elevating or depressing by turning the footstep round as required, and
tightening the nut again when the adjustment is made. For the collar
bearings a slit a is cut from the front of the rail to the hole prepared for
the collar through its whole depth, a little wider than the diameter of the
barrel of the spindle, as shewn in plan and vertical section at Figures 4 and 5,
so that it can pass through this slit; a small bracket D is made to fit into
this slit and fill it, having its inner face formed to the same circle as the
hole and provided with two wings or flanges, one extending on each side of
the slit through which two screws b, b, are passed into the rail B, which
fastens the bracket thereto. A collar A of the usual form and size is placed
in the hole when the part of this bracket D which enters the slip is forced
up by the screws b upon the collar, which bears on it with a surface area
equal to the depth of the rail and the width of the slit, and by reason of the
extent of this surface bearing and the pressure of the screws the collar is
secured fast into its place; when adjustment is required it is obtained by
slackening the screws b, when the collar A can be moved up or down or
round in the same way as with the ordinary pricking screw, and when the

page_text: required adjustment is made the bracket is screwed tight. The slit allows of
the spindles being placed in the frame by simply passing them into their
places through the slit a, dropping down the collar A as usual over the end,
and then fastening by the bracket D; it also allows of ready removal of the
spindle by taking off the bracket D, removing the collar A, and bringing
the spindle out through the slit in front. These improvements in the mode
of fitting the bushes or steps and collars of spindles of spinning frames are
equally applicable to the bushes or steps and collars of the spindles of
roving, twisting, and winding frames or other similar frames where spindles
are used.
Figure 6 (Sheet 2) represents a side elevation of the "bend" of a spinning
frame with my improvements attached as embodied in the second division
of the second part of my said Invention, which consists in constructing the
bend A in such a manner as to admit of a horizontal or nearly horizontal
shift of the retaining rollers, whilst the same shifts as heretofore employed
are continued to the conductor rod and intermediate roller or rove plates, the
power for binding the rove by them being thus varied to any required degree
by changing the relative positions of the drawing and retaining rollers; this
shift to be of any practical value requires to be easily made, and the bushes
or bearings of the retaining roller to be maintained always in a correctly
straight line. This is accomplished by forming that part of the bend which
holds the bush B of the retaining roller so as to allow of it sliding back
or forward in two halves in a horizontal or nearly horizontal line, say of 2
inches in length. For each bush there are made, say, four filling pieces a, a,
of iron or other hard material of the respective thickness of 1 inch, inch,
inch, and inch, but of uniform length and width. These filling pieces
are caused to fit easily into that part of the bend which holds the bush,
and which when the whole are placed either on one side or the other of the
bush fill the slide, as shown in Figure 6, where two filling pieces or bits
of different thickness are introduced into the slide on each side of the bush B.
After insertion they are screwed fast into the bend by means of a cover C and
two screws D, D. When all these four filling pieces are placed at the back of
the bush it is evident that the retaining roller will be two and a half inches
further forward than it would be if they were all placed at the front and the
whole screwed up in the same way. It is by slackening the screws D without
taking out the roller or bush, and taking out one or more of these filling
places a from one side of the bush and placing it or them on the other side and
tightening them up again by the screws D, that a shift of the retaining roller is
obtained, and the whole shift of two and a half inches in portions of a quarter

page_text: of an inch or multiples of a quarter of an inch at a time can be made; this
division of a quarter of an inch is sufficiently small for practical purposes,
but any other division can be obtained according to the thickness of the filling
pieces employed, or any total length of shift can be obtained by increasing
or diminishing the length of the slide seat for the bush in the bend. These
filling pieces are made, unlike the bush itself, without flanges, so as to admit
of their being removed without removing the bush or roller, the pressure of
the cover and screws being sufficient to hold them in position, but as security
against any movement to one side they can be kept in position by having a
projecting steady pin fastened into each, the projecting parts of the pins
fitting into holes made to receive them in the bend and cover and into
corresponding holes made in each piece or "bit." The grates that hold the
pressing and retaining rollers and the levers that press them on to the front
retaining roller must be arranged so as to follow and admit of the shifts
being thus made on the front retaining roller.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the system or mode of lubricating the fibres of jute, hemp, flax,
and other fibrous substances preparatory to spinning them into yarn, and in
addition to the well-known process termed "batching," substantially as
herein-before described.
Second, the application and use to and in the lubrication of fibrous
substances of a pneumatic fountain provided with an adjustable slide or
sluice and hinged flap, or its equivalent, and otherwise arranged and operating
substantially in the manner herein-before described.
Third, the combination of the air-tight vessel A, reservoir D, sluice E,
and hinged flap M, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before
described.
Fourth, the peculiar modes of securing the footstep and collar bearings
of the spindles used in spinning frames and similar machinery, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 3, 4, and 5 on Sheet 2
of my Drawings.
Fifth, the application and use to and in the retaining rollers of spinning
frames of a horizontal or nearly horizontal shift, such being obtained by moving
the bearings for the said rollers in a slide seat made in the "bend" combined
with removable "pieces" or "bits" for adjusting the position of such bearings,

page_text: and fixing the whole when in the required position by the usual cap screwed
up tight, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by Figure 6
(Sheet 2) of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Taylor, have to this my Speci-
fication hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
W. TAYLOR. (L.S.)