Year: 1877

page_text: "
We ALLEN RANSOME. and THOMAS JAMES WILKIE both of The Stanley Works
Chelsea in the County of Middlesex seek leave to amend the specification of
Letters Patent, No. 2173 of 1877, as shown in red ink in the Queen's Printers
copy of the original specification hereunto annexed by omitting at page 4 line 9
the passage beginning with the words "For the purpose" down to and including
the words "somewhat concave at line 45. Also by omitting at page 6 line 10
the passage beginning with the words "figures 1 and 2" down to and including
the words "so much at line 45. Also by omitting at page 8 line 40 the passage
beginning with the words "In respect" down to and including the words "as
described at line 48. Also by inserting at page 8 line 51 after the words
"gathering cone the words "substantially as described Also by omitting at
page 8 line 56 the passage beginning with the words Sixth The combination
down to and including the words "to the cask" at page 9 line 2. Also by
omitting at page 9 line 9 the passage beginning with the words "Ninth. In.
combination" down to and including the words "their work" at line 12. Also by
renumbering the claiming clauses Also by cancelling the figures 1. 2, 3 and 4 of
the drawings.
"
."1
68
"
1
Our reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-
2.
!!
That since filing tho said Specification to the, said Letters Patent we have
ascertained that the machinery therein described for jointing the staves of casks is
not novel in the features claimed in respect to the same.
That we do not desire in respect to machines for gathering staves and for
forcing on the truss hoops that the claims should be thought to embrace the use of
gathering cones which are grooved to receive hoops and are formed in parts so
that they can be separated to leave the hoops upon the cask as is described in the
Specification 2426 in the year 1865.
That in respect to machinery for chiming and crozing one of the claims made is
not of sufficient importance to render it desirable to retain the same.
19OL

page_text: -
In the matter of the application made by Allen Ransome and Thomas James
Wilkie for leave to amend the Specification to Letters Patent granted to
them in the year 1877, No. 2173.
I hereby grant leave to the said Allen Ransome and Thomas James Wilkie to
amend the Specification of the said Letters Patent as shown in red ink in the 5
Queen's Printers copy of the said Specification hereunto annexed marked with
the letter A and initialled by me.
LETTERS PATENT to Allen. Ransome and Thomas James Wilkie, both of the
Stanley Works, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS."
"
Sealed the 31st July 1877, and dated the 4th June 1877.
I
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Allen Ransome and Thomas
James Wilkic at the Office of the Commisioners of Patents on the 4th June
1877.
ALLEN RANSOME and THOMAS, JAMES WILKIE both of the Stanley Works Chelsea
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CASKS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of casks.
For the purpose of jointing the staves that is to say cutting their sides to a
suitable form-and-bevil we employ a machine consisting of a disc or face plate
mounted upon a horizontal-axis. This disc is of a diameter exceeding the length
of any stave intended to be fashioned by it and it is armed with radial cutters
similar to plane irons. "The edges of the cutters project through-narrow slits in the
face of the disc and it is preferred that the cutters should be provided with back
irons such as are used in a joiner's hand plane.
The axis of the disc has a belt pulley upon it which receives a driving belt.
In front of the disc a swinging frame is mounted on pivots at top and bottom.

page_text: The pivots are in the same plane with the axis of the disc but in this plane they
are adjustable to and from the face of the disc. The swinging frame carries &
template or bed on which the staves are laid and they are clamped down upon it
so as to bend the slave when it is fixed to the frame to the curvature which it will
assume in the finished cask. The template or bed also is carried upon the frame
in such a position that its distance from the axial line or line joining the pivots
corresponds with the semi-diameter of the cask of which the stave is intended to
form a part.
All being thus arranged the jointing is effected by swinging the frame so as to
bring first one edge of the stave and then the other under the action of the cutters.
It is obvious that if the pivots be set in the same plane with the face of the disc
that the stave will be thus reduced to a theoretically correct form so far as the
jointing is concerned but in practice this is not desirable on the contrary the
form should be such that the inner edges of the staves should come first into
contact when the cask is set up and hooped. To ensure this a screw adjustment
is provided which enables the pivots to be set in front of the face of the disc more
or less as may be desired. There is also another screw adjustment for setting the
swinging frame in relation to the pivots in such a position as to bring the templato
or bed to the requisite distance from the axial line to suit the size of cask upon.
which the machine is at work. To clamp the stave to the bed we employ at one
end of the stave a dog or fixed lug, and at the other and a lever presser. When
by means of the lever the stave has been bent down on to the template or bed the
lever is locked in place by inserting behind it a conical pin or wedge. Sometimes
we apply a lever presser at both ends of the stave and connect the two pressors by
a connecting rod.
In order to avoid bending the staves for jointing to the full extent of the
bulge of the cask we make the face of the disc carrying the cutters somewhat
concave.
When the staves to form a cask have been set up in a hoop at the lower end in
the usual manner, we employ a machine of the following construction to gather in
the staves and to force on the trussing hoops-It consists of a platform upon which
the cask is placed and which can at pleasure be slowly raised by means of a screw
and nut or by a hydraulic press or in other convenient manner. Over this
platform a gathering cone is fixed and as the platform rises it receives the ends of
the staves and gathers them inwards. As the end of the cask rises above the top
of the coue and as soon as the ataves bavo been drawn sufficiently close together.
the trussing hoops are put on. The hoops are driven by the machine and for this
purpose over the cone for gathering there are fixed rings from which bolts can be
shot out in such manner as to prevent the trussing hoops rising with the cask as
it is carried upwards by the rising platform. There may be two or more bolt
rings so that the different truss hoops may be driven simultaneously or oither of
thein separately as the work may require. In order that the gathering cone may
be able to pass the trussing hoops its upper or smaller end is made in segments
which are able to slide radially upon the lower portion so that when they have
done their work they can be drawn back out of the way. This motion is given to
the segments by means of a rim plate with inclined slots in it with which studs on
the segments engage in such manner that by turning the ring partly round the
segments are moved in or out. Each of the driving rings for driving the truss
hoops carries four bolts and by levers and connecting rods they are all coupled with
a lever handle by means of which they can be shot or withdrawn simultaneously.
We prefer to employ a screw and nut to actuate the rising table the nut has worm
teeth upon its periphery and is driven by a worm on a shaft which by a friction
clutch can be made fast with a belt pulley.
In place of arranging the machine vertically, as above described it may be
worked horizontally. Also in place of gathering the staves and driving tho trussing
hoops in the same machine these operations may be performed in separate
machines,

page_text: After the staves have been set up in temporary hoops they have to be prepared
to receive the head by tiueing them where the head comes and cutting a groove to
receive the edges of the heading; these processes are known as chiming and
creusing. To do this work we employ a machine consisting of a bed like a lathe
bed having upon it two saddles which can be moved to or from each other along
with them by means of a long lever handle actuating a pair of axes geared together
and provided with arms from which connecting rods pass to the saddles. Each
Baddle carries a cone ring and the partly made cask to be operated on is held in
the machine by these rings which are cause to approach each other until they
nip the cask between them the ends of the cask projecting slightly through the
rings. The cone rings are toothed on the exterior and they gear with pinions upon
a revolving shaft and so the rings and with them the cask are driven or made to
rotate. The pinions can slide with groove and feather on the shaft so às to bé
able to drive the rings in every position. Each saddle carries upon it à rider con-
sisting-of-a-headstock-guide-headstock-and-spindle, the spindle is armed with
suitable cutters and by a driving belt it is rotated at a high velocity. The
headstock guide can move upon the saddle in a longitudinal direction and the
headstock can move transversely along its guide. The first motion admits of the
accurate adjustment of the distance between the headstocks corresponding to the
length of the cask and independent of the precise positions of the cone rings and
the transverse motion along the headstock guide serves to bring 'the cutters on the
headstock spindle up to their work. When in placing a cask in the machine the
cone rings are make to approach each other, the movement forward of the headstocks
is stopped before that of the rings ceases by means of a stem projecting back froin
the headstock guide and having upon it an adjustable nut which comes against a
stop rod and stops the headstock when it has arrived at the proper place. To
ineet the case of a cask varying somewhat in size at its two ends the stop rod is
carried along the machine and the same rod is made to serve for both the
headstocks. By means of a hand wheel and screv this stop rod can be 'shifted
endwise a short distance when any inequality in the dimensions of the two ends
of the cask occurs. There are counterweights which tend always to draw the head-
stock guides forward along the saddles. The transverse motion for bringing the
cutters up to the work is given to the two headstocks simultaneously by means
of a lever handle upon an axis having arms with which the headstocks are
linked by connecting rods. In addition to the chiming and creusing cutters; the
headstock spindles also carry circular saws which trim the ends of the staves.
•

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Allen Ransome and Thomas James Wilkie in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th December 1877.
ALLEN RANSOME and THOMAS JAMES WILKIE, both of the Stanley Works,
Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex. * IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CASKS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of. casks.
For the purpose of jointing the staves that is to say cutting their sides to a
suitable form and bevel we employ a machine consisting of a dise or face-plate
mounted-upon-an horizontal axis. This dise is of a diameter exceeding the length
of any stave intended to be fashioned by it and it is armed with radial cutters
similar-to-plane-irons.--The-edges of the cutters project through narrow-slits-in-the
face of the dise and it is preferred that the cutters should be provided with back
irons such as are used in a joiner's hand plane. The axis of the dise has a belt
pulley upon it which receives a driving belt-In front of the-dise-a-swinging frame.
is mounted on pivots at top and bottom. The pivots are in the same plane with
the axis-of-the-dise but in this-plane they are adjustable-to-and from the face of the
dise. The swinging frame carries a template or bed on which the staves-are-laid
and-they-are-elamped-down-upon-it-so-as to bend-the-stave-when-it-is-fixed to the
frame-to-the-eurvature which it will-assume in the finished-onsk. The-template-or
bed also is carried upon the frame in such a position that its distance from the
axial line-or-line-joining the pivots corresponds with the semi-diameter-of-the-oasky
of which-the-stave-is-intended-to-form-a-part.
All-being-thus arranged the jointing is effected by swinging the frame so as to
bring first one-edge of the stave and then the other under-the-action of the cutters.
It is obvious that if the pivots be set in the same plane with the face of the-dise,
that-the-stave-will be thus reduced to a theoretically correct form so far as the
jointing is concerned but in practice this is not desirable on the contrary the form
should be such that the inner edges of the staves should come first-into-contnet
when the eask is set-up-and-hooped. To ensure this a serew adjustment-is-provided
which enables the pivots to be set in front of the face of the dise more or less-as
may be desired. There is also another-serew-adjustment for setting the swinging.
frame-in-relation to the pivots in such a position as to bring the template or bed to
the-requisite distance-from-the-axial line to suit the size of cash-upon-which-the
machine-is-at-work. To-elamp-the-stave-to-the-bed-we-employ at one end of the
stave-a-dog or fixed-lug-and-at-the-other-end a lever presser. When by means of
the lever the stave has been bent down on to the template or bed the lever--is
locked-in-place-by inserting behind it a conical pin or wedge. Sometimes we
apply-a-lever-presser at both ends of the stave and connect the two-pressers-by-a
connecting rod.
In order to avoid-bending the staves for jointing to-the-full-extent of the bulge
of the ensk-we-may-in-come-eases make the face of the dise carrying the cutters
somewhat-concave.
When the staves to form a cask have been set up in a hoop at the lower end in
the usual manner we employ a machine of the following construction to gather in
the staves and to force on the trussing hoops-It consists of a platform upon

page_text: which the cask is placed and which can at pleasure be slowly raised by means of a
Over this
screw and nut or by an hydraulic press or in other convenient manner.
platform a gathering cone is fixed and as the platform rises it receives the ends of
the staves and gathers them inwards. As the end of the cask rises above the top
of the cone and as soon as the staves have been drawn sufficiently close together
the trussing hoops are put on. These hoops are driven by the machine and for
this purpose over the cone for gathering there are fixed rings from which bolts
can be shot out in such manner as to prevent the trussing hoops rising with the
cask as it is carried upwards by the rising platform. There may be two or more
bolt rings so that the different truss hoops may be driven simultaneously or either
of them separately as the work may require. In order that the gathering cone
may be able to pass the trussing hoops its upper or smaller end is made in
segments which are able to slide radially upon the lower portion so that when
they have done their work they can be drawn back out of the way. This motion
is given to the segments by means of a ring plate with inclined slots in it with
which studs on the segments engage in such manner that by turning the ring
partly round the segments are moved in or out. Each of the driving rings for
driving the truss hoops carries four bolts and by levers and connecting rods they
are all coupled with a lever handle by means of which they can be shot or
withdrawn simultaneously. We prefer to employ a screw and nut to actuate the
rising table, the nut has worm teeth upon its periphery and is driven by a worm
on a shaft which by a friction clutch can be made fast with a belt pulley.
In place of arranging the machine vertically as above described it, may be
worked horizontally. Also in place of gathering the staves and driving the
trussing hoops in the same machine these operations may be performed in separate
machines.
For trussing light staves we sometimes so arrange the machine that all the hoops
for one end of the cask may be put into the machine beforehand and then driven
home simultaneously.
After the staves have been set up in temporary hoops they have to be prepared
to receive the head by trueing them where the head comes and cutting a groove to
receive the edges of the heading; these processes are known as chiming and crozing.
To do this work. we employ a machine consisting of a bed like a lathe bed having
upon it two saddles which can be moved to or from each other along the bed by
means of a long lever handle actuating a pair of axes geared together and provided
with arms from which connecting rods pass to the saddles. Each saddle carries a
cone ring and the partly-made cask to be operated on is held in the machine by
these rings which are caused to approach each other until they nip the cask
between them the ends of the cask projecting slightly through the rings. The
cone rings are toothed on the exterior and they gear with pinions upon a revolving
shaft and so the rings and with them the cask are driven or made to rotate. The
pinions can slide with groove and feather on the shaft so as to be able to drive the -
rings in every position. Each saddle carries upon it a rider consisting of a
headstock guide headstock and spindle, the spindle is armed with suitable cutters
and by a driving belt it is rotated at a high velocity. The headstock guide can
move upon the saddle in a longitudinal. direction and the headstock can move
transversely along-its-guide. The first motion admits of the accurate adjustment
of the distance between-the-headstocks corresponding to the length of the cask
and independent of the precise positions of the cone rings; and the transverse
_motion-along the headstock guide, serves to bring-the-cutters on the headstock
spindle up-to-their-work When in placing-a-cask in the machine the cone rings
are made-to-approach each other, the movement forward of the headstocks is
--stopped before that of the rings ceases by means of a stem projecting back from
the headstock guide and having upon it an adjustable, nut which comes against
a stop rod and stops the headstock when it has arrived at the proper place. To
meet the case of a cask varying somewhat in size at its two ends the stop rod
is carried along the machine and the same rod' is made to serve for both the

page_text: headstocks. By means of a hand wheel and screw this stop rod can be shifted
endwise a short distance when any inequality in the dimensions of the two ends
of the cask occurs. There are counter weights which tend always to draw the
headstock guides forward along the saddles. The transverse motion for bringing
the cutters up to the work is given to the two headstocks simultaneously by incans
of a lever handle upon an axis having arms with which the headstocks are linked by
connecting rods. In addition to the chiming and creusing cutters the headstock
spindles also carry circular saws which trim the ends of the staves.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
into exect, we will proceed to describe me Drawings nereunto aunescu,
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures and a show-n-front and side elevation of a innehine for jointing staves
constructed-necording to our Invention. It consists of a dise A revolving in-a
vertical plane and carrying cutters or knives B which by preference are fitted
with-back-irons similar-to-a-joiner's hand plane. The dise-en-be-made-either flat
or conenve.--Cis the swing frame or cramp for holding and bending the stave-S-to
be jointed. The stove to be jointed is bent to a template T this template represents
the exnet inside shape of the finished eask. Dare the centres or pins about which the
swinging-frame-can-turn. These centres are capable of adjustment outwards-from
the plane of the face of the cutting diso by means of the screws B. If a stave is
jointed when these "centres are in front of the plane of the face of the dise-more
will be taken off the outer edge of the stave than is theoretically correet-and-con-
sequently-more-left-on-the-inner-edge to form-a-tight joint. Further in order to
enable the machine to joint staves for ensks of various diameters the distance of
the template-from-the-centre is also adjustable by means of the serewe F. His a
lever for bending and cramping the stave from the top-end the lower end being
retained-in-position by means of a fixed lug or foot G-attached to the swing frame
by screws. To allow for my slight inequality in the thickness of the staves the
lever-H-is-retained in position after the stave is cramped by a spring latch bolt I
having a slightly conical end which protrudes more or less behind the eramping
lever-Recording to the thickness of the stave or the same end may be attained by
making the short-arm of the lever of spring-steel or other slightly pliable
substance.
Figures 3-and-4-show alternative cramping-apparatus as applied-to-the-swinging
earringe-for-bending-and-eramping the stave equally from both ends.
In Figure 3 there are as will be seen, two cramping levers they are connected
by an adjustable rod so that they may be worked simultaneously and by one
handle.
In Figure an outer template is employed in conjunction with the inner
template T it is hinged at its lower end to the swinging frame and at its upper
end is acted upon by the crumping lever so that the stare becomes forcibly shut-in
between the two-templates.
In this machine when a flat dise is employed it is necessary to-bend-the-stave
and retain it so while being jointed to a template of the exnet curve into which
the stave will be formed when the eask is thoroughly trussed up but if the dise is
concave or of a slightly-inverted conical face the stave will not require to be bent
so-much.
Figures 5 and 6 show a front and side elevation of a combined machine for
gathering the ends of the staves of a cask ready to receive the truss hoops, and also
for driving on the truss hoops. The staves to form a cask having been set up in
the usual way by hand and having on a hoop A to secure them at one end are
placed on the table B with the ends of the staves.which are secured by the hoop
resting on it. The upper or projecting ends of the staves are then brought together
by the table B being forced by, power towards the conical ring or bell C. After the
ataves have been brought together the truis hoops H and H! are put on. The ring

page_text: -or bell-C-is-of-peculiar-construction and parts of it are moveable as otherwise it
would be impossible to withdraw the cask from this bell or cone after the truss
hoops were on. To admit of this so much of the bell or cone as is of a less internal
diameter than the external diameter of the largest truss hoop employed on the cask,
is made in sections. These sections are marked D and they are capable of being
withdrawn or moved outwards simultaneously by means of the hand lever L. The
cask surrounded with its truss hoops is then able to pass out of the cone.
The
manner in which the segments of the cone are simultaneously withdrawn from the
centre is most clearly shown in the plan Figure 7 where it will be seen that each
segment is supplied with a pin E passing through an inclined slot in the ring G so
that when this ring is turned round a small portion of a revolution the segments
are moved in or out being either closed so as to form a continuation of the solid
cone or bell C or withdrawn to allow of the passage of the cask and truss hoops.
After the truss hoops H and H¹ have been put on the expanding part of the cone
is opened. Above the cone are two or more rings I I¹ each fitted with four or
-other-number-of-belts-or-drivers-K-K-The bolts in each set are capable of being
simultaneously closed towards the centre of the machine by means of the hand
levers M M¹ so as to project over the upper edges of the truss hoops HH¹. The
two sets of drivers being closed on to the cask the table is forced still further
upward thus causing the bolts or drivers to push the truss hoops home. The object
of having two or more sets of drivers independent of each other is that after one
hoop is tight the other or others may be found not to be sufficiently so, in which case
the drivers of the tightest truss hoop may be withdrawn to allow the slack hoop to
be driven into its proper position independently of the others. This arrangement
of drivers admits of each and every hoop being driven mechanically on to a cask to
any requisite degree of tightness at the will of the workman. A cask being at all
times of an irregular form and constructed of staves of an irregular thickness this
power of driving on truss hoops mechanically and at the discretion of the work-
man is of great value in the manufacture of casks by machinery. Although power
may be applied to the table or plate for forcing the cask into the gathering cone in
any convenient manner the arrangement shown in the Drawings is considered the
most suitable viz., a screw N with a revolving nut driven by a worm wheel O and
worm P the said worm shaft being driven by belt and pulleys. Or a bevil wheel
and pinion may be substituted for the worm wheel and worm. By preference a
friction clutch R is employed to communicate motion from the loose pulleys to the
worm as being more rapidly thrown in and out of gear and more completely under
control of the operator than fast and loose pulleys, or clutches with fixed teeth. S
is the lever actuating the friction disc R which is brought in contact with the loɔse
pulley U when it is desired to raise the table and in contact with the loose pulley T
(of a smaller diameter and running in the opposite direction and more rapidly than
U) when it is desired to lower the table and release the cask after it has been
trussed.
This machine can be constructed to work either vertically or horizontally.
Figures 8 and 9 show a side elevation and plan of a modified form of the
apparatus applicable for driving and putting on all the truss hoops on one end of a
cask simultaneously a plan which is admissable when slight staves are used, and
is more rapid in its operation than the plan shewn in Figures 5. 6 and 7. On
reference to the Drawings it will be seen that the gathering cone is similar in con-
struction to the one on the machine already described but the truss hoop drivers
are carried in four inclined posts, three of which A A A are screwed to the cone
ring-and-the-other-B-is-hinged-to-it-so-as-to-be-able to swing out-of the-way-to-
admit-the-truss-hoops-into-the-machine. When the truss 'hoops have been put in.
the post B is secured at its outer end by a pin to a ring which also connects the
outer ends of the posts AA A. In order that the truss hoops may be kept in
position in the machine before the cask is forced into them, three rests or supports C
each supplied with three lugs D (one for each truss hoop), are placed in such a
position that just sufficient room is left between the lugs and the drivers E-for the.

page_text: truss hoops; These three supports are screwed to the sliding segments F of the
gathering cone so that as soon as the operation of driving the truss hoops is
completed the supports C may be withdrawn together with the segments and thus
offer no obstruction to the withdrawal of the cask from the machine.
Figures 10, 11 and 12 show front and end elevations partly in section and plan
of an improved machine for chiming and crozing and bevilling the two ends of a
cask simultaneously by means of rotary cutters. The cask A is carried in a pair of
chuck rings B caused to revolve slowly by means of teeth on their periphery
engaging in pinions on the horizontal shaft C which in its turn is driven by means
of suitable gearing from the countershaft as shown. The chuck rings B and the
headstocks M carrying the cutter blocks D and their spindles E are mounted on
two main slides or saddles F which are capable of being brought nearer or further
from each other on the bed G of the machine to allow of the cask being taken in
and out. This movement can be accomplished by any suitable mechanical
contrivance but levers and links are preferred. The links are made adjustable as
to length when the machine is intended for casks of various lengths and they are
actuated by a long hand lever seen at H.
The guides on which the headstocks M are carried, are each provided with a
stem I upon which the lock nuts K can be fixed at any required position. These
stems slide through eyes in the two ends of a rigid stop bar L which reaches from
one end of the machine to the other. The slides on which the headstocks M
traverse and which are themselves moveable along guides on the saddle F are also
furnished with counterweights N which tend constantly to bring the headstocks
towards each other. When the chuck rings B and the saddle F are caused to
approach each other to embrace a cask the headstocks will also approach each other
until the lock nuts K come in contact with the stop bar L and they will then be
stopped at the determined distance apart to cut off the ends of the staves and finish
the cask to the required length although the chuck rings may be moved towards
each other until sufficiently tight on the cask. The two headstocks can be
simultaneously adjusted without varying their distances by means of the hand
wheel and screw O on the stop bar L. Stops are provided at P to prevent the
cutting-off saws by any chance cutting or running into the chuck rings. The
headstocks. M are connected by links to arms S upon a weigh shaft R running
along the front of the machine and by means of the hand lever T both the
headstocks may simultaneously be moved along their guides to bring the cutters
into contact with the work. The headstocks are also provided with stops U to
regulate the depth of cut. By this means the cask is simultaneously and correctly
chimed and crozed at both ends without depending on the judgement of the operator,
and only one unskilled man is required to work the machine instead of two skilled
workmen as is the case with machines hitherto used for this purpose.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the manner of
performing the same we would have it understood that we claim :-
In-respect-to-machinery for jointing-the-staves of easks-:-
First. The combination of a revolving dise armed with-cutters and a frame or
clamp-holding the stare-and-swinging in front of the dise in such manner that the
stuve is jointed-on both sides without-reelamping.
Second-In-combination with the dise and swinging frame or clamp;-the-adjust
able-centres-admitting of the stare being jointed-so-as-to-produce-n-tight or sluok
inside joint, and admitting also of staves for casks of various diameters being
jointed-on-the-same-machine.
Third. The general arrangement-of-the-machine-substantially as described:
In respect to machinery for gathering the staves and for forcing on the truss
hoops.
Fourth. First. Forming the gathering cone substantially as described with
sogments capable of being withdrawn to admit of the passage of the truss hoops
after they have been driven.

page_text: Fifth. Second-The arrangement of the truss hoop drivers in such manner that
they can be protruded or withdrawn to drive separately or simultaneously, any
required number of truss hoops.
Sixth. The combination of truss-hoop drivers and holders-admitting of the whole
of the truss hoops for one end of the eask being put into the machine beforehand
and afterwards forced simultaneously on-to-the-eask.
Seventh. Third. The general arrangement of the machines substantially, as
described.
In respect to machinery for chiming and crozing.
Eighth, Fourth Mounting the headstocks carrying the cutters on the same slides
or saddles with the holding cones but free to be stopped automatically when they are
at the proper distance apart whilst the holding cones move further in order firmly
to embrace the cask.
Ninth. In combination with headstocks mounted but moveable upon the saddles-
carrying the holding cones; the connection of the headstocks so that they may be
moved simultaneously by one operation to bring the cutters into contact with or
to-remove-them from their work. Tenth. The general arrangent of the machine
substantially as described.
In witness whereof we the said Allen Ransome and Thomas James Wilkie
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Third day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Allen Ransome and Thomas James Wilkie, both of the
Stanley Works, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Allen Ransome and Thomas
James Wilkie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June
1877.
ALLEN RANSOME and THOMAS JAMES WILKIE, both of the Stanley Works, Chelsen,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CASKS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of casks.
For the purpose of jointing the staves, that is to say, cutting their sides to a
suitable form and bevil, we employ a machine consisting of a disc or face plate
mounted upon a horizontal axis. This disc is of a diameter exceeding the length
of any stave intended to be fashioned by it, and it is armed with radial cutters
similar to plane irons. The edges of the cutters project through narrow slits in the
face of the disc, and it is preferred that the cutters should be provided with back
irons, such as are used in a joiner's hand plane.
The axis of the disc has a belt pulley upon it, which receives a driving belt.
In front of the disc a swinging frame is mounted on pivots at top and bottom;
the pivots are in the same plane with the axis of the disc, but in this plane they
are adjustable to and from the face of the disc. The swinging frame carries a
template or bed on which the staves are laid, and they are clamped down upon it
so as to bend the stave, when it is fixed to the frame, to the curvature which it will
assume in the finished cask. The template or bed also is carried upon the frame
in such a position that its distance from the axial line, or line joining the pivots,
corresponds with the semi-diameter of the cask, of which the stave is intended to
form a part. All being thus arranged the jointing is effected by swinging the
D1 571

page_text: frame, so as to bring first one edge of the stave and then the other under the
action of the cutters.
It is obvious that if the pivots be set in the same plane with the face of the disc
that the stave will be thus reduced to a theoretically correct form so far as the
jointing is concerned; but in practice this is not desirable; on the contrary, the
form should be such that the inner edges of the staves should come first into
contact when the cask is set up and hooped. To ensure this a screw adjustment
is provided, which enables the pivots-to-be set in front of the face of the disc, more
or less, as may be desired. There is also another screw adjustment for setting the
swinging frame in relation to the pivots in such a position as to bring the template
or bed to the requisite distance from the axial line to suit the size of cask upon
which the machine is at work.
To clamp the stave to the bed we employ at one end of the stave a dog or fixed
lug, and at the other end a lever presser. When by means of the lever the stave
has been bent down on-to the template or bed, the lever is locked in place by
inserting behind it a conical pin or wedge. Sometimes we apply a lever presser
at both ends of the stave and connect the two pressers by a connecting rod.
In order to avoid bending the staves for jointing to the full extent of the
bulge of the cask, we make the face of the disc carrying the cutters somewhat
concave.
When the staves to form a cask have been set up in a hoop at the lower end in
the usual manner, we employ a machine of the following construction to gather in
the staves and to force on the trussing hoops :—It consists of a platform upon which
the cask is placed, and which can at pleasure be slowly raised by means of a screw
and nut, or by a hydraulic press, or in other convenient manner. Over this
platform a gathering cone is fixed, and as the platform rises it receives the ends of
the staves and gathers then inwards.
The
As the end of the cask rises above the top of the cone, and as soon as the staves
have been drawn sufficiently close together, the trussing hoops are put on.
hoops are driven by the machine, and for this purpose over the cone for gathering
there are fixed rings from which bolts can be sliot out in such manner as to prevent
the trussing hoops rising with the cask as it is carried upwards by the rising
platform. There may be two or more bolt rings, so that the different truss hoops
may be driven simultaneously, or either of them separately, as the work may
require.
In order that the gathering cone may be able to pass the trussing hoops, its
upper or smaller end is made in segments, which are able to slide radially upon the
lower portion, so that when they have done their work they can be drawn back
out of the way. This motion is given to the segments by means of a rim plate
--with inclined slots in it, with which studs on the segments.engage in such manner
-that-by turning the ring partly round the segments are moved in or out. Each of
the driving rings for driving the truss hoops carries four bolts, and by levers and
connecting rods they are-all-coupled-with-a-lever-handle-by means of which they
can-bo-shot-or-withdrawn-simultaneously: We prefer to employ a screw-and-nut
-to-actuate the rising table; the nut has worm teeth upon its periphery and is driven
by_a_worm.on-a-shaft, which by a friction clutch can be made fast with a belt
pulloy.
In place of arranging the machine vertically, as above described, it may be
worked horizontally. Also in place of gathering the staves and driving the trussing
hoops in the same machine, these operations may be performed in separate {
machines.
After the staves have been set up in temporary hoops, they have to be prepared
to receive the head by trueing them where the head comes, and cutting a groove to
receive the edges of the heading; these processes are known as chiming and
creusing. To do this work we employ a machine consisting of a bed like a lathe 5
bed, having upon it two saddles, which can be moved to or from each other along,
with theun by means of a long lever handle actuating a pair of axes geared together

page_text: Each
and provided with arms from which connecting rods pass to the saddles.
saddle carries a cone ring, and the partly made cask to be operated on is held in
the machine by these rings, which are caused to approach each other until they
nip the cask between them, the ends of the cask projecting slightly through the
rings. The cone rings are toothed on the exterior, and they gear with pinions upon
a revolving shaft, and so the rings and with them the cask are driven or made to
rotate. The pinions can slide with groove and feather on the shaft, so as to be
able to drive the rings in every position. Each saddle carries upon it a rider con-
sisting of a headstock, guide headstock, and spindle; the spindle is armed with
suitable cutters, and by a driving belt it is rotated at a high velocity.
The headstock guide can move upon the saddle in a longitudinal direction, and
the headstock can move transversely along its guide. The first motion admits of
the accurate adjustment of the distance between the headstocks, corresponding
to the length of the cask and independent of the precise positions of the cone rings,
and the transverse motion along the headstock guide serves to bring the cutters
on the headstock spindle up to their work.
When in placing a cask in the machine the cone rings are made to approach
each other, the movement forward of the headstocks is stopped before that of the
rings ceases by means of a stem projecting back from the headstock guide, and
having upon it an adjustable nut which comes against a stop rod and stops the
headstock when it has arrived at the proper place.
To meet the case of a cask. varying somewhat in size at its two ends; the stop
rod is carried along the machine, and the same rod is made to serve for both the
headstocks. By means of a hand wheel and screw this stop rod can be shifted
endwise a short distance when any inequality in the dimensions of the two ends
of the cask occurs. There are counterweights which tend always to draw the head-
stock guides forward along the saddles.
The transverse motion for bringing the cutters up to the work is given to the
two headstocks simultaneously by means of a lever handle upon an axis, having
arms with which the headstocks are linked by connecting rods.
In addition to the chiming and creusing cutters, the headstocks' spindles also
carry circular saws which trim the ends of the staves.

page_text: Office on the 4th December 1877.
ALLEN RANSOME and THOMAS JAMES WILKIE, both of the Stanley Works, Chelsea,
in the County of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CASKS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of casks.
For the purpose of jointing the staves, that is to say, cutting their sides to a
suitable form and bevel, we employ a machine consisting of a disc or face plate
mounted upon an horizontal axis. This disc is of a diameter exceeding the length
of any stave intended to be fashioned by it, and it is armed with radial cutters
similar to plane irons. The edges of the cutters project through narrow slits in the
face of the disc, and it is preferred that the cutters should be provided with back
irons, such as are used in a joiner's hand plane.
The axis of the disc has a belt pulley upon it which receives a driving belt. In
front of the disc a swinging frame is mounted on pivots at top and bottom. The
pivots are in the same plane with the axis of the disc, but in this plane they are
adjustable to and from the face of the disc. The swinging frame carries a template
or bed on which the staves are laid, and they are clamped down upon it so as to
bend the stave when it is fixed to the frame to the curvature which it will assume
in the finished cask. The template or bed also is carried upon the frame in such a
position that its distance from the axial line or lino joining the pivots corresponds
with the semi-diameter of the cask, of which the stave is intended to form a part.
All being, thus arranged the jointing is effected by swinging the frame, so as
to bring first one edge of the stave and then the other under the action of the
cutters.
It is obvious that if the pivots be set in the same plane with the face of the disc
that the stave will be thus reduced to a theoretically correct forin, so far as the
jointing is concerned; but in practice this is not desirable, on the contrary, the
form should be such that the inner edges of the staves should come first into
contact when the cask is set up and hooped. To ensure this a screw adjustment is
provided, which enables the pivots to be set in front of the face of the disc, moro
.or less, as may be desired. There is also another screw adjustment for setting the
swinging frame in relation to the pivots in such a position as to bring the template
or bed to the requisite distance from the axial line to suit the size of cask upon
which the machine is at work.
To
clamp-the-stave-to-the-bed-we employ at one end of the stave a dog or fixed
lug,.and.at.the.other-end-a-lever-presser. When by means of the lever the stave
has been bent down on to the template or bed the lever is locked in place by
inserting behind it a conical pin or wedge. Sometimes we apply a lever. presser
at both ends of the stave and connect the two pressers by a connecting rod.
In order to avoid bending-the-staves for jointing to the full extent of the bulge
of the cask we may in some cases make the face of the disc carrying the cutters
somewhat concave.
When the staves to form a cask have been set up in a hoop at the lower end in
the usual manner we employ a machine of the following construction to gather in
the staves and to force on the trussing hoops-It consists of a platform upon
which the cask is placed and which can at pleasure be slowly raised by means of a
screw and nut or by an hydraulic press or in other convenient manner. Over this
platform a gathering cone is fixed, and as the platform rises it receives the ends of
the staves and gathers them inwards.
As the end of the cask rises above the top of the cone, and as soon as the staves
have been drawn sufficiently close together the trussing hoops are put on. Theso
hoops are driven by the machine, and for this purpose, over the cone for gathering,

page_text: there are fixed rings from which bolts can be shot out in such a manner as to
prevent the trussing hoops rising with the cask as it is carried upwards by the
rising platform. There may be two or more bolt rings, so that the different truss
hoops may be driven simultaneously, or either of them separately, as the work may
require.
In order that the gathering cone may be able to pass the trussing hoops its
upper or smaller end is made in segments, which are able to slide radially upon the
lower portion, so that when they have done their work they can be drawn back out
of the way. This motion. is given to the segments by means of a ring plate with
inclined slots in it, with which studs on the segments engage in such manner that
by turning the ring partly round the segments are moved in or out. Each of the
driving rings for driving the truss hoops carrics four bolts, and by levers and con
necting rods they are all coupled with a lever handle, by means of which they can
be shot or withdrawn simultaneously. We prefer to employ a screw and nut to
actuate the rising table; the nut has worm teeth upon its periphery and is driven
by a worm on a shaft, which by a friction clutch can be made fast with a belt
pulley.
In place of arranging the machine vertically, as above described, it may be
worked horizontally. Also in place of gathering the staves and driving tho
trussing hoops in the same machine, these operations may be performed in separate
machines.
For trussing light staves we sometimes so arrange the machine that all the hoops
for one end of the cask may be put into the machine beforehand, and then driven
home simultaneously.
After staves have been set up in temporary hoops they have to be prepared to
receive the head by trueing them where the head comes, and cutting a groove to
receive the edges of the heading; these processes are known as chiming and crozing.
To do this work we employ a machine consisting of a bed like a lathe bed, having
upon it two saddles which can be moved to or from cach other along the bed by
means of a long lever handle actuating a pair of axes geared together and provided
with arms, from which connecting rods pass to the saddles. Each saddle carries a.
cone ring, and the partly-made cask to be operated on is held in the machine by
these rings, which are caused to approach each other until they nip the cask
between them, the ends of the cask projecting slightly through the rings. The,
cone rings are toothed on the exterior, and they gear with pinions upon a revolving
shaft, and so the rings and with them the cask are driven or made to rotate. The
pinions can slide with groove and feather on the shaft, so as to be able to drive the
rings in every position. Each saddle carries upon it a rider, consisting of a head-
stock, guide headstock, and spindle. The spindle is armed with suitable cutters
and by a driving belt it is rotated at a high velocity.
The headstock guide can move upon the saddle in a longitudinal direction and
the headstock can move transversely along its guide. The first motion admits of
the accurate adjustment of the distance between the headstocks, corresponding to
the length of the cask and independent of the precise positions of the cone rings,
and the transverse motion along the headstock guide serves to bring the cutters on
the headstock spindle up to their work.
When in placing a cask in the machine the cone rings are made to approach each
other, the movement forward of the headstocks is stopped before that of the rings
ceases by means of a stem projecting back from the headstock guide, and having
upon it an adjustable nut which comes against a stop rod and stops the headstock
when it has arrived at the proper place.
To meet the case of a cask varying somewhat in size at its two ends the stop rod
is carried along the machine, and the same rod is made to serve for both the head;
stocks. By means of a hand wheel and screw this stop rod can be shifted endwiso
a short distance when any inequality in the dimensions of the two.ends of the cask
occurs. There are counter weights which tend always to draw the headstock
guides forward along the saddles.

page_text: The transverse motion for bringing the cutters up to the work is given to the two
headstocks simultaneously by means of a lever handle upon an axis, having arms
with which the headstocks are linked by connecting rods.
In addition to the chiming and creusing cutters, the headstock spindles also 5
carry circular saws which trim the ends of the staves.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figures 1 and 2 show a front and side elevation of a machine for jointing staves:
constructed according to our Invention. It consists of a disc A revolving in a
vertical plane and carrying cutters or knives B, which by preference are fitted
with back irons similar to a joiner's hand plane. The disc can be made either flat
or concave. C is the swing frame or cramp for holding and bending the stave S to
be jointed. The stave to be jointed is bent to a template T; this template represents
the exact inside shape of the finished cask. D are the centres or pins about which the
swinging frame can turn. These centres are capable of adjustment outwards from
the plane of the face of the cutting disc by means of the screws E. If a stave is
jointed when these centres are in front of the plane of the face of the disc, more
will be taken off the outer edge of the stave than is theoretically correct, and con-
sequently more left on the inner edge to form a tight joint. Further, in order to
enable the machine to joint staves for casks of various diameters, the distance of
the template from the centre is also adjustable by means of the screws F. H is a
lever for bending and cramping the stave from the top end, the lower end being
retained in position by means of a fixed lug or foot G attached to the swing frame
by screws. To allow for any slight incquality in the thickness of the staves the
lever H is retained in position after the stave is cramped by a spring latch bolt I,
having a slightly conical end which protrudes more or less behind the cramping
lever according to the thickness of the stave, or the same end may be attained by
making the short arm of the lever of spring steel or other slightly pliable;
substance.
Figures 3 and 4 show alternative cramping apparatus, as applied to the swinging
carriage for bending and cramping the stave equally from both ends.
In Figure 3 there are, as will be seen, two cramping levers, they are connected
by an adjustable rod, so that they may be worked simultaneously and by one
handle.
In Figure 4 an outer template is employed in conjunction with the inner
template T, it is hinged at its lower end to the swinging frame, and at its upper
end is acted upon by the cramping lever, so that the stave becomes forcibly shut in
between the two templates:
In this machine when a flat disc is employed it is necessary to bend the stave
and retain it so while being jointed to a. template of the exact curve, into which
-the-stave-will be forced when the cask is thoroughly trussed up; but if the disc is
concave-or-of-a-slightly-inverted conical-face the stave will not require-to-be-bent
so much.
Figures 5 and 6 show a front and side elevation of a combined machine for
gathering the ends of the staves of a cask ready to receive the truss hoops, and also
for driving on the truss hoops. The staves to form a cask having been set up in
the usual way by hand, and having on a hoop A to secure them at one end, are
placed on the table B with the ends of the staves, which are secured by the hoop,
resting on it. The upper or projecting ends of the staves are then brought together
by the table B being forced by power towards the conical ring or bell C. After the
staves have been brought together the truss hoops H and H' are put on.
The ring
or bell C is of peculiar construction, and parts of it are moveable, as otherwise it
would be impossible to withdraw the cask from this bell or cone after the truss
hoops were on. To admit of this so much of the bell or cone as is of a less internal

page_text: diameter than the external diameter of the largest truss hoop employed on the cask
is made in sections. These sections are marked D, and they are capable of being
withdrawn or moved outwards simultaneously by means of the hand lever L. The
cask surrounded with its truss hoops is then able to pass out of the cone.
The manner in which the segments of the cone are simultaneously withdrawn
from the centre is most clearly shown in the plan, Figure 7, where it will be seen
that each segment is supplied with a pin E, passing through an inclined slot in the
ring G, so that when this ring is turned round a small portion of a revolution the
segments are moved in or out, being either closed so as to form a continuation of
the solid cone or bell C, or withdrawn to allow of the. passage of the cask and truss
hoops. After the truss hoops H and H¹ have been put on the expanding part of the
cone is opened. Above the cone are two or more rings I, I, cach fitted with four
or other number of bolts or drivers K, K¹. The bolts in each set are capable of being
simultaneously closed towards the centre of the machine by means of the hand
levers M. M³, so as to project over the upper edges of the truss hoops H, H¹. The
two sets of drivers being closed on to the cask, the table is forced still further
upward, thus causing the bolts or drivers to push the truss hoops home. The object
of having two or more sets of drivers independent of each other is, that after one
hoop is tight the other or others may be found not to be sufficiently so, in which case
the drivers of the tightest truss hoop may be withdrawn to allow the Black hoop to
be driven into its proper position independently of the others. This arrangement
of drivers admits of each and every hoop being driven mechanically on to a cask to
any requisite degree of tightness at the will of the workman. A cask being at all
tines of an irregular form, and constructed of staves of an irregular thickness, this
power of driving on truss hoops mechanically, and at the discretion of the work-
inan, is of great value in the manufacture of casks by machinery. Although power
may be applied to the table or plate for forcing the cask into the gathering cone in
any convenient manner, the arrangement shown in the Drawings is considered tho
most suitable, viz., a screw N with a revolving nut, driven by a worm wheel O and
worm P, the said worm shaft being driven by belt and pulleys. Or a bevil wheel
and pinion may be substituted for the worm wheel and worm. By preference a
friction clutch R is employed to communicate motion from the loose pulleys to the
worm, as being more rapidly thrown in and out of gear, and more completely under
control of the operator than fast and loose pulleys, or clutches with fixed teeth. S
is the lever actuating the friction disc R, which is brought in contact with the loose
pulley U when it is desired to raise the table, and in contact with the loose pulley T
(of a smaller diameter, and running in the opposite direction and more rapidly than
U) when it is desired to lower the table and release the cask after it has been
trussed.
This machine can be constructed to work either vertically or horizontally.
Figures 8 and 9 show a side elevation and plan of a modified form of the
apparatus, applicable for driving and putting on all the truss hoops on one end of a
cask simultaneously; a plan which is admissable when slight staves are used, and
is more rapid in its operation than the plan shewn in Figures 5, 6, and 7. On
reference to the Drawings it will be seen that the gathering cone is similar in con-
struction to the one on the machine already described, but the truss hoop drivers
are carried in four inclined posts, three of which A, A, A, are screwed to the cone
ring, and the other B is hinged to it so as to be able to swing out of the way to
admit the truss hoops into the machine. When the truss hoops have been put in
the post B is secured at its outer end by a pin to a ring, which also connects the
outer ends of the posts A, A, A. In order that the truss hoops may be kept in
position in the machine before the cask is forced into them three rests or supports C,
each supplied with three lugs D (one for each truss hoop), are placed in such a
position that just sufficient room is left between the lugs and the drivers E for the
truss hoops. These three supports are screwed to the sliding segments F of the
gathering cone, so that as soon as the operation of driving the truss hoops is

page_text: completed the supports C may be withdrawn together with the segments, and thus
offer no obstruction to the withdrawal of the cask from the machine.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 show front and end elevations, partly in section and plan,
of an improved machine for chiming and crozing and bevilling the two ends of a
cask simultaneously by means of rotary cutters. The cask A is carried in a pair of
chuck rings B, caused to revolve slowly by means of teeth on their periphery,
engaging in pinions on the horizontal shaft C; which in its turn is driven by means
of suitable gearing_from_the_countershaft, as shown. The chuck rings B and the
headstocks M, carrying the cutter blocks D and their spindles E, are mounted on
two main slides or saddles F, which are capable of being brought nearer or further
from each other on the bed G of the machine to allow of the cask being taken in
and out. This movement can be accomplished by any suitable mechanical
contrivance, but levers and links are preferred. The links are made adjustable as
to length when the machine is intended for casks of various lengths, and they are
actuated by a long hand lever, seen at H. The guides on which the headstocks M
are carried are each provided with a stem I, upon which the lock nuts K can be
fixed at any required position. These stems slide through eyes in the two ends of
a rigid stop bar L, which reaches from one end of the machine to the other. The
slides on which the headstocks M traverse, and which are themselves moveable along
guides on the saddle F; are also furnished with counterweights N, which tend con-
stantly to bring the headstocks towards each other. When the chuck rings B and
the saddle F are caused to approach each other to embrace a cask, the headstocks
will also approach each other until the lock nuts K come in contact with the stop
bar L, and they will then be stopped at the determined distance apart to cut off the
ends of the staves and finish the cask to the required length although the chuck
rings may be moved towards each other until sufficiently tight on the cask. The
two headstocks can be simultaneously adjusted without varying their distances by
means of the hand wheel and screw O on the stop bar L. Stops are provided at P
to prevent the cutting-off saws by any chance cutting or running into the chuck
rings. The headstocks M are connected by links to arms S upon a weight shaft R
running along the front of the machine, and by means of the hand lever T both the
headstocks may simultaneously be moved along their guides to bring the cutters
into contact with the work. The headstocks are also provided with stops U to
regulate the depth of cut. By this means the cask is simultaneously and correctly
chimed and crozed at both ends without depending on the judgement of the operator,
and only one unskilled man is required to work the machine instead of two skilled
workmen, as is the case with machines hitherto used for this purpose.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim,-
In respect to machinery for jointing the staves of casks :-
First. The combination of a revolving disc armed with cutters and a frame or
clamp holding the stave, and swinging in front of the disc in such manner that
-the-stave is jointed on both sides without reclamping.
--Second. In combination with the disc and swinging frame or clamp the adjustable
centres admitting of the stave being jointed so as to produce a tight or slack-insidé
joint, and admitting also of staves for casks of various diameters being jointed on the
same machine.
Third. The general arrangement of the machine, substantially as described;
In respect to machinery for gathering the staves and for forcing on the truss
hoops :-
Fourth. Forming the gathering cone with segments capable of being withdrawn
to admit of the passage of the truss hoops after they have been driven.
Fifth. The arrangement of the truss hoop drivers in such manner that they can
be protruded or withdrawn to drive separately or simultaneously any required
number of truss hoops.
Sixth. The combination of truss hoop drivers and holders admitting of the whole

page_text: of the truss hoops for one end of the cask being put into the machine beforehand,
and afterwards forced simultaneously on to the cask.
Seventh. The general arrangement of the machines, substantially as described.
In respect to machinery for chiming and crozing :-
Eighth. Mounting the headstocks carrying the cutters on the same slides or
saddles with the holding cones, but free to be stopped automatically when they are
at the proper distance apart, whilst the holding cones move further in order firmly
to embrace the cask.
Ninth. In combination with headstocks mounted but moveable upon the saddles
carrying the holding cones the connection of the headstocks so that they may be
moved simultaneously by one operation to bring the cutters into contact with or
to remove them from their work.
Tenth. The general arrangment of the machine, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Allen Ransome and Thomas James Wilkic,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.