IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE POWER AND TO GOVERNORS THEREFOR APPLICABLE TO GOVERNORS FOR OTHER APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Hallewell of Blackburn in the County of
Lancaster Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING MOTIVE POWER AND TO GOVERNORS THEREFOR APPLICABLE TO
GOVERNORS FOR OTHER APPARATUS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Hallowell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1883.
RICHARD HALLEWELL of Blackburn in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE POWER AND
GOVERNORS THEREFOR APPLICABLE TO GOVERNORS FOR OTHER APPARATUS
"
TO
My Invention relates principally to a former invention for which Letters Patent
bearing date the twenty third day of November 1881 and numbered 5110 have
been granted to me.
The said former invention included a steam generator having
a very small space for steam and water which space was in constant open commu-
nication with the cylinder or cylinders of a steam engine. I have found that
this constant communication is not advantageous and that it is necessary to cut-off
the connection at intervals in order to obtain the desired high initial pressure and
my present invention has for its object in the first place to remedy this defect. I
interpose a valve between the steam generator and the cylinder or each cylinder
and I cause the valve to be opened for each acting stroke of the engine and to be
closed preparatory to the exhaust or to be opened during the exhaust for the
purpose of discharging the contents or I arrange for the said valve to be opened
once during each double stroke or once during two or more strokes or revolutions
of the crank shaft. The said valve may be opened against the pressure by means
of a cam excentric or lever the pressure tending to close the valve and in some
cases the time of opening of the valve may be controlled by the governor.
second place I dispense with the injecting pump and arrange for the water supply
to be inspired into the generator at intervals whenever by expansive working or
by reason of the generator being open to the exhaust escape the pressure within
the generator has become less than the atmospheric pressure. The said water is or
In the

page_text: may be admitted through a passage which is closed by means of a valve which
opens inwards self-actingly at the said times and is closed by means of a spring
or by the steam pressure. A third part of my invention relates to the form and
construction of the generator which I make of a tubular form. I combine together
a number of small tubes and I inject or inspire a fine jet of water into each tube.
The tubes are by preference formed or provided with straight or spiral fins, gills,
rings, discs or projections which absorb heat. In one construction a cluster of
tubes is formed in a casting or united together and the tubes are connected by
passages with a central tube which conveys the steam to the engine or the said
central tube may convey the liquid and the same be forced through perforations
into the tubes and converted into steam at once. The tubes are also connected by
means of a head or end in which are formed passages for discharging the jets of
water into the tubes. In some cases I cast annular discs upon the tubes and I
arrange the tubes together so that the discs enter between each other so as to
cause the heated gases to take a circuitous course and in some cases I use double or
U shaped tubes the water entering one leg or both legs and the stean being
conveyed out of the other leg or out of a separate passage. I may use spiral or
corrugated or fluted or other forms of tubes than are herein indicated. I may use
compressed air or a forced draught to aid combustion or gas blow pipe flames in
which case I may use one end of the cylinder to compress or force air. In some
cases I may cause the hot gases or fire to be forced or drawn downwards so that
the upper part of the generator would be the hottest. In the fourth place I expose
the cylinder to the products of combustion so as to keep the cylinder bot. In such
a case I may use asbestos packing for the piston. The cylinder or cylinders may
form part of or be formed in or with the casing or shell of the generator.
remaining part of my invention relates to the governor and is applicable to
governors for other uses. From a sleeve or part which is fitted to slide upon the
governor shaft motion is transmitted to the governor by means of a link or two or
more links which is or are connected with the governor and to the sleeve by means
of ball joints or of suitable joints. A spring tends to move the said sleeve away
from the governor the resistance tending to cause the sleeve to approach the
governor. The governor is provided with vanes or resistance to rotation is otherwise
provided.
A

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Hallewell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1883.
"
RICHARD HALLEWELL of Blackburn in the County of Lancaster Engineer
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING MOTIVE POWER AND
GOVERNORS THEREFOR APPLICABLE TO GOVERNORS FOR OTHER APPARATUS
"
:
TO
My Invention relates principally to a former Invention for which Letters Patent
bearing date the twenty-third day of November 1881 and numbered 5110 have
been granted to me. The said former Invention included a steam generator having
a very small space for steam and water which space was in constant open commu-
nication with the cylinder or cylinders of a steam engine. I have found that
this constant communication is not advantageous and that it is necessary to cut-off
the connection at intervals in order to obtain the desired high initial pressure and
my present invention has for its object in the first place to remedy this defect. I
interpose a valve between the steam generator and the cylinder or each cylinder or
each end thereof and I cause the valve to be opened at the required times.
In the second place I dispense with the injecting pump and arrange for the
water supply to be inspired into the generator at intervals whenever by expansive
working or by.re
reason of the generator being open to the exhaust escape passage
the pressure within the generator has become less than the atmospheric pressure.
A third part of my invention relates to the form and construction of the
generator which I make of a tubular form. I combine together a number of
small tubes and I inject or inspire a fine jet of water into each tube. The tubes
are by preference formed or provided with straight or spiral fins, gills, rings, discs
or projections which absorb heat. This construction is applicable when using only
one tube. In some cases I use double or U shaped tubes. I may use compressed
air or a forced draught to aid combustion or gas blow pipe flames in which case I
may use one end of the cylinder to compress or force air. I may cause the hot
gases or fire to be forced or drawn downwards so that the upper part of the
generator would be the hottest. In the fourth place I expose the cylinder to the
products of combustion so as to keep the cylinder hot.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I have attached hereunto
two sheets of drawings made to a scale of about three inches to the foot with the
exception of the drawings on sheet 2 and I shall now proceed to refer to the
drawings on sheet 1 in which Fig 1 drawn partly in section represents a side
elevation of the generator and the cylinder of the engine described in my former
and hereinbefore referred to specification as altered to be in accordance with the
first part of my present invention. In the said Figs A is the generator of the form
as previously described but made proportionately shorter in order to obtain a more
rapid and sudden generation of steam and B is the cylinder. The passage p does
not extend directly into the cylinder but is closed at the cylinder end and at this
point a seating for a valve c is formed. The spindle of the said valve is fitted to
slide up and down in a plate & which is interposed between the cylinder end and
the generator and the said spindle is acted upon by a finger upon a shaft e so as to
be raised at intervals. A wiper on a crank shaft acts upon a lever on the other
end of the shaft so as to turn the shaft and thereby to raise the valve spindle.
whereby the steam bas access to a passage f into which a port in the cylinder opens.
The wiper on the crank shaft or on a suitable part of the engine is suitably formed
to open the valve quickly and to keep it open for a short period during the stroke
say for example during about one eighth of the stroke or even less. The water
injected into the generator becomes suddenly converted into steam and at this time
the valve is opened to admit the steam to act upon the piston. After the valve
has closed the steam acts expansively and during this time the residue of steam
shut up in the generator becomes superheated and any residue of water is converted

page_text: into steam. At the next injection this superheated steam ensures the rapid
conversion of the injected water into steam. The exhaust valve r is operated by
the means described in my said former specification or by any suitable means. The
forms and arrangements of the valves and the method of opening and closing them
may be varied. The second part of my invention is illustrated by Fig 6 in sheet 2.
In this example k is a pipe which conveys a constant supply of water which may
pass through a tap or valve under the control of the governor. The said pipe is
provided with a valve which opens inwards and is kept closed so long as there is a
pressure of steam in the generator. In using this arrangement the engine works
until there is no steam pressure in the generator when the valve opens self-actingly
and water is inspired into the generator whereby steam pressure is suddenly
obtained and the valve closes. I may supply the water under a head or pressure
so that the valve will open before the steam pressure is quite exhausted. In
Figs. 2 and 3-the latter being a sectional plan-a slide valve p² serves both for
inlet and exhaust the steam passage pleading into the valve chest. When using
a slide valve I prefer to employ a "snifting valve" indicated by g to admit air if
required when starting the engine. In this example the generator is constructed in
accordance with the third part of my invention. A spiral tube a has a shell cast
upon it and this shell is provided in the casting operation with radiating fins a¹, a',
which absorb heat and convey it to the shell as in the case of my former invention.
These fins may be straight as represented or be inclined or spiral. I may cast ribs
or fins on the tube without having the close shell so that the flames can pass
between the coils or the lower part may be closed and spaces be left between the
upper coils. In such cases I should prefer to close the central opening at the top of
the spiral. The water is injected at the top of the spiral and the steam leaves it
at the bottom end. The heated gases flow in the direction indicated by the arrows
and are conveyed by the pipe or flue ¹ in accordance with the fourth part of my
invention into a jacket which surrounds the cylinder and after dividing and
passing around the cylinder the gases are conveyed away to the point of discharge.
This method of heating the cylinder and utilising the waste heat is applicable to
my former invention and to any of the forms of generator herein described. Fig. 4
is a vertical section and Fig. 5 a horizontal section of a generator also constructed
in accordance with the third part of my invention. In this example a cluster of
tubes h, h, are united together by means of radial heat absorbing fins which may or
may not be cast in one piece with the outer shell a, On the top of the cluster is
fixed a head i in which are formed tapering passages in line with the tubes each
passage having a small opening through which a jet of water is discharged into the
tube at each injection. The said passages are connected by horizontal passages
formed in the cover of the head and communicating with the water inlet pipe e.
The lower ends of the tubes are connected by means of passages which open into
the steam passage which leads to the inlet valve c which in this example opens
downwards and is operated by a finger on the short shaft e¹. Fig. 7 in sheet 2
illustrates a further modification wherein the tubes are horizontal instead of
vertical and are provided with heat absorbing discs or rings which are cast upon
the tubes or are formed in the operation of casting or forming the tubes. These
discs are preferably so arranged as that a disc on one tube extends into the space
between the discs on other tubes so that the heated gases are compelled to flow
circuitously through the spaces. In such a form of generator it might be advisable
to employ a forced draught obtained by compressing air with the forward end of
the cylinder or by means of a pump or blower and to use a stream of this air to
inject a supply of gas by well known means so as to obtain a blow pipe flame of
great heat. I may employ similar means in any of the other examples or in any
case I may use an exhauster to draw the flames through the generator. The
shell a of the generator is enclosed within an outer shell a¹ and in the space
between the two shells the mixture of gas and air may be heated on its way to the
burner whereby a hotter flame would be obtained. I do not confine the horizontal
arrangement to the particular form of generator illustrated. Figs. 8 and 9

page_text: illustrate another method of ensuring the rapid absorbtion of heat by the tubes.
In this example studs or pins project from the outer surface of each tube into the
spaces between the tubes and absorb heat from the flames or gases. These studs
may be round, square or oblong or of any suitable form. Spiral tubes or the
surfaces of the form of generator indicated in Fig: 1 may be provided with such
heat-absorbing studs instead of or in addition to gills. Fig 10 illustrates a double
or U shaped form of tube which I may use in the construction of my generator the
water being injected at the top and the steam issuing through a passage connecting
both limbs at the bottom. In any of the cases wherein the generator is vertical I
may arrange to have a down draught instead of an up draught. Fig 11 is an
example of such a construction the flames from the burner being drawn or forced
downwards either by the natural draught or by means of an exhauster or blower.
In such a case the top of the generator would be hotter than the bottom and I
consider that this would be an advantage as the water would immediately come
into contact with the hottest part whereby the generation of steam would be more
suddenly effected than in the other examples wherein the bottom of the generator
would be the hottest part. Another advantage arising from this construction
would be that the mixture of gas and air would be heated whilst passing through
the burner. Although in the example I use a heating flame produced by burning
mixed gases it must be understood that I do not confine myself to this or any
method of obtaining the heat and may use oil, petroleum or other liquid or coal or
coke or other fuel. A part of my Provisional Specification related to governors but
I have not included such part herein and make no claim in respect of such part.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said invention and
the manner in which I carry the same into practical effect I would have it to be
understood that I claim as my Invention
First. The steam generators and parts of prime movers wherein steam is
suddenly generated in a small intensely heated space from a small quantity of
liquid injected for each stroke and admitted to act upon a piston or upon pistons
by opening a valve or valves which is or are closed or permitted to close at an early
part of the stroke substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
Secondly In a generator having a small steam space and adapted for the sudden
or rapid generation of steam supplying the water by inspiration at the times when
the pressure of steam falls below atmospheric pressure or below the pressure of the
water substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. Constructing generators for the sudden or rapid generation of charges
of steam of a single tube or a cluster or combination of tubes formed or provided
with ribs, fins, collars, discs, studs or projections which absorb heat and convey it
to the tube or tubes substantially as set forth and indicated.
Fourthly. The several forms of apparatus for the sudden or rapid generation of
steam for use in the indicated manner substantially as set forth and indicated
herein before and in and by the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Richard Hallewell have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirtieth day of August one thousand eight hundred and eighty-
thma
Signed, sealed and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton St, Manchester.
(Agent for the Patentee)
RICHARD HALLEWELL (L.S.)