Improvements in Apparatus for Making and Delivering Aörated Water or Beverages.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 28th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Making and Delivering Aörated
Water or Beverages.
I, JOHN SCHWARTZ Junior of Victoria Street, Limehouse, in the County of
London, Wharfinger do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
The principal object of my invention is to provide means whereby aërated
waters, or beverages, can be produced, readily, and as required, without the manual
operations which have hitherto been necessary, and so that the necessity for
storing in bottles, large quantities of acrated waters, or beverages, for consumption
is obviated doing away with the heavy factory expenses and cost of plant and
bottles, and of distribution. According to my invention I provide, in connection
with a water supply, such as a town water service, a cylinder, or container, of
compound carbonic acid gas, and this is connected with the water supply in such
way than an aërating vessel, or mixer, is supplied as required both with the water
and with the gas. The aërating apparatus may be of any suitable description such
as will present the water advantageously to the gas to effect absorption of the gas
by the water, for instance by causing the water to be showered down, or to pass
over, extended surfaces, so as to be presented to the atmosphere of gas in the
aërating vessel or mixer. The pressure of the gas is regulated so that it is
admitted to the aërating apparatus at a less pressure than that at which the water
passes thereinto, and the inlets for water and gas are controlled by valves so that
the water is supplied automatically to a certain level in the apparatus and there-
after the water supply is closed. There is a valve on the apparatus which is
weighted to open at a pressure between that of the water and that of the gas so as
to open to allow the water to enter but to close when the gas is entering. If the
pressure of water available be not sufficient to allow of its entering the aërating
vessel, or mixer, by its own pressure I may combine with the apparatus an injector,
or equivalent device, which can be worked by the pressure of the gas so as to
force in the water and this will assist the absorption of the gas by the water.
In this case there will be a valve to prevent back pressure through the supply
pipe when the gas and water are not entering and the injector, or the like, can
be operated by a valve influenced by the level of water in the apparatus, such as
a ball valve for example, opening when the level of water lowers, and closing
when it has reached normal level. The apparatus may be combined with coin-
freed apparatus by which the insertion of a coin will allow a predetermined
quantity of liquid to be measured and drawn off. Essences, syrups or solutions or
mineral salts or the like can be supplied with the water, or separately therefrom,
for addition thereto. The expansion of the carbonic acid gas gives rise to cold
and this can be utilised for refrigerating purposes by combining with the apparatus
a receptacle for ices, or other matters to be refrigerated, which receptacle is well
packed with non-conducting material. The refrigerator can be combined with the
aërating apparatus, or be separate therefrom, the gas being caused to expand
therein on its passage to the aërating apparatus or mixer.
Dated the 28th April 1894.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Making and Delivering Aörated
Water or Beverages.
I, JOHN SCHWARTZ, Junior of Victoria Wharf Limehouse in the County of
London Wharfinger do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
o
The principal object of my invention is to provide means, whereby aërated waters
or beverages can be produced readily and as required without the manual
operations which have hitherto been necessary, and so that the necessity for
storing in bottles, large quantities of aërated waters, or beverages for consumption
is obviated doing away with the heavy factory expenses and cost of plant and
bottles and of distribution. According to my invention I provide in connection
with a water supply such as a town water service, a cylinder or container, of
compressed carbonic acid gas, and this is connected with the water supply in
such way that an aërating vessel, or mixer, is supplied as required both with the
water and with the gas. The aërating apparatus may be of any suitable
description such as will present the water advantageously to the gas to effect
absorption of the gas by the water for instance by causing the water to be
showered down or to pass over extended surfaces so as to be presented to the
atinosphere of gas in the cerating vessel or mixer. The pressure of the gas is
regulated so that it is admitted to the nerating apparatus at a less pressure than
that at which the water passes thereinto and the inlets for water and gas are
controlled by valves so that the water is supplied automatically to a certain level
in the apparatus and thereafter the water supply is closed. There is a valve on
the apparatus which is set so as to open at a pressure between that of the water
and that of the gas to allow the water to enter but to close when the gas is
entering. If the pressure of water available be not sufficient to allow of its
entering the aërating vessel, or mixer, by its own pressure I may combine with
the apparatus an injector or equivalent device which can be worked by the
pressure of the gas so as to force in the water and this will assist the absorption
of the gas by the water. In this case there will be a valve to prevent back
pressure through the supply pipe when the gas and water are not entering and
the injector or the like can be operated by a valve influenced by the level of
water in the apparatus such as a ball valve for example, opening when the level
of water lowers, and closing when it has reached normal level. The apparatus
may be combined with coin-freed apparatus by which the insertion of a coin
will allow a predetermined quantity of liquid to be measured, and drawn off.
Essences, syrups, or solutions or mineral salts or the like can be supplied with the-
water, or separately therefrom, for addition thereto. The expansion of the
carbonic acid gas gives rise to-cold and this can be utilised for refrigerating
purposes by combining with the apparatus a receptacle for ices, or other matters
to be refrigerated, which receptacle is well packed with non-conducting material.
The refrigerator can be combined with the aërating apparatus or be separate
therefrom the gas being caused to expand therein on its passage to the aërating
apparatus or mixer.
And in order that my invention may be well understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in the corresponding figures.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in sectional elevation a compressed gas container and water
aërating or mixing vessel, and
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a combined water measuring, mixing, and
delivering vessels constructed according to my invention.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figure 4 a plan shewing four mixing and
measuring or delivering vessels combined with a single water cistern or tank.
Figure 5 represents in section a cock or valve for supplying gas to the mixing
vessels and
Figure 6 is a sectional view of a cock or valve for supplying water to the said
mixing vessels.
Referring to Figure 1 A represents a cylinder or container for compressed
carbonic acid gas communicating by a pipe or passage B with the mixing vessel C.
In the upper part of the vessel C is arranged a series of perforated plates a the
plates being placed at a short distance apart one above another. Onto the upper
plate of the series of plates the water entering by the pipe falls, and passes thence
through the perforations in this plate in a divided condition onto the next plate
below and so on through the perforations in the several plates in the form of a
shower; or instead of perforated plates a layer or bed of insoluble material such
for instance as broken glass, or animal or vegetable charcoal & may be employed by
which the water is purified and presented in a form for more efficiently absorbing
the gas.
Instead of or in combination with the bed of insoluble material or the
perforated plates there may be arranged in the vessel a number of inclined plates as
shewn at c over the surface of which the water is caused to pass downwards and
present an extended surface of the water to the atmosphere of gas admitted to the
vessel. The lower edges of these inclined plates or some of them are preferably
curved downwards as shewn at d or provided with lips as shewn at to impede the
passage of the gas or the plates may be sufficiently inclined as shewn at f to retain
a layer of gas on the underside of the plates. The plates may be horizontal and be
provided alternately with openings in the centre and edges as shewn at g the
openings being provided with depending lips or rims as shewn to retain a layer of
gas beneath the plates. Between the compressed gas container A and the mixing
vessel C is an automatic gas pressure and supply regulator h of any known or
suitable construction which will admit gas to the vessel C, at a less pressure than
that at which the water enters the said vessel. The water admitted to the vessel C
by a cock i is automatically maintained at a uniforin level by a float j connected to
the plug of the cock.by rods. On the vessel C, is a valve suitably weighted so
as to open, when the supply of gas to the vessel is cut off but so as to close when
the gas is entering the vessel. If the pressure of water available is insufficient to
cause it to enter the vessel C, or in case it is not convenient to connect the apparatus
to a main water supply, there may be provided an injector arrangement as shewn
at by means of which the water may be injected by the pressure of gas from the
container A or a pump may be provided, worked by the pressure of the gas so as
to force water from any suitable source into the said vessel C, a check valve being
provided in the water feed pipe, to prevent the return of water through the said
pipe, when the gas and water are not entering. The injector or pump may be
started to work automatically, when the level of the water in the vessel C is below
the normal, by means of the float j operating the cock at j so as to admit of the
pressure of the gas to the injector or pump'as the case may be. The aërated water
is discharged or drawn off from the vessel C through a pipe m fitted with a stop
cock m². It is not essential to provide a float to operate the cock for supplying
the water to the vessel C, as the lever of the discharge cock m² may be connected
in any suitable manner to the water inlet cock so that when' aërated water is being
withdrawn from the vessel C, the water inlet cock will be opened and when the
discharge cock is closed the inlet cock will be simultaneously closed. Or the
vessel C, may be charged with water to the required level through a screw tap, and
the gas be turned on and left on until the water is saturated therewith.
Should withdrawals of aërated water be required at short intervals, for 'instance

page_text: in case the apparatus be combined with a coin freed apparatus by which the
insertion of a coin will allow a predetermined quantity to be measured and drawn
off, the vessel C, should contain sufficient to provide for several withdrawals of a
fixed quantity.
"
The
A simple and efficient apparatus for producing a highly charged aërated liquid is
illustrated by Figure 2 in which is a measuring chamber and n is a delivering
chamber both being separated from the mixing chamber o. The delivering
chamber n is in communication with the mixing chamber o by pipes p and q provided
respectively with cocks p' 9' connected together by a rod w³so as to both open and
close simultaneously. When these cocks p² are open the aërated liquor in the
mixing chamber will flow through the pipe p and cock into the delivery
chamber . until the level of the liquid therein corresponds to that in the mixing
chamber the gas contained in the chamber n being expelled therefrom by the rising
liquid through the cock g and pipe q into the mixing chamber O. The delivery
chamber is provided with a discharge cock w the lever z of which cock is connected
by a rod and double armed lever to the rod w³ connected to the levers of the
cocks p and q so that when the cock to is opened to discharge the contents of the
vessel n the cocks p q will be simultaneously closed. The measuring vessel or
chamber is arranged above the delivery chamber and is provided with a two
way cock through which the chamber may be caused to communicate either with
the mixing chamber O or with a small cistern S supplied with water from the main
through the pipe i the level of the water in the said cistern S and chamber » being
maintained at a uniform height by a ball valve S2 and the gas displaced by the
water entering the chamber being free to escape through a cock or valve v.
chamber is also in communication by a pipe u and cock u² with the gas space
above the liquid in the mixer O with which the delivery chamber also communicates.
The levers of the cocks w t and u² are connected to the rod a² and the levers of the
cocks p q and v are connected to the rod w the rods and w being connected
respectively to the arms y y of a lever and operated by means of lever handle .c.
In the normal condition of the apparatus the cocks p² 92 and are open and the
cock t open to the small cistern S whilst the said cock t is closed to the mixer, aud
the cocks w and u are closed and the liquid in the measuring chamber and that
in the delivering chamber n is at the same level respectively as that in the cistern S
and the mixing chamber O. By pulling the lever handle a down the cocks w
and are opened and the cock t is open to the mixer O and closed to the small
cistern S the cocks pq being also closed so that while the liquid is flowing from
the chamber n the chamber will discharge into the mixer 0. The chamber r
may if desired be charged with water from a reservoir arranged above it, and
unattached to a water supply under pressure in which case the gas escape
valve is arranged above the level of the water in the said reservoir; or the
chamber may be charged with water by either of the arrangements above described
and over flow through the cock the said overflow being utilised (especially in coin
freed automatic machines) for cleansing the drinking vessels before drawing off a
supply of the aërated liquid. In this case the cocks t and u² of the measuring
chamber are operated by a lever and connecting rode, before the lever is pulled
down to open the cock to and close the cocks and 9 in the delivery chamber n.
Any desired number of measuring and mixing chambers may be combined in one
apparatus for example as shewn in Figures 3 and 4 which represents four mixing
chambers o o' o² o arranged round a cistern S which may be of small capacity and
supplied from a water main through a ball cock as shewn at i or it may be of large
size and be charged with water by hand as required.
T
S' is a spindle through the centre of this cistern (or it may be arranged
in any other convenient position) and actuates at its lower end the gas valve and
the water inlet valve t. This spindle is provided at its upper end with an arm y and
a ratchet wheel a rigidly attached to it and on the army is a cam or projection y¹
which opens and closes the spring valves w and in its passage over them.
Fitted to turn on the upper end of the spindle S' is a lever handle & carrying a

page_text: pawl b engaging the teeth of the ratchet wheel a so that by turning this lever in
one direction any desired amount of rotation may be given to the spindle S'. The
gas valve is shown diagrammatically on a larger scale in Figure 5. The connection
between the gas cylinder or container A and the mixing chambers is through the
centre of the bottom of the valve and a lateral passage or channel which may he
caused to communicate with pipes or passages B B B B with the mixing
chambers oooo. When the valve is in the position shewn in Figure 5 the
lateral passage connects by the tube B3 the gas container with bottom of the
mixing vessel o³ as at c. Thus supposing the vessel O to have been discharged and
refilled with water the gas passes from the gas container through the passages
in the valve into the chamber O, at c thence through the liquid and into the
pipe Cat d by which pipe C³ it is conducted into the chamber 02 at c and thus it
is conducted in succession by the pipes C2 C2 C' into and through the liquid
contained in all the chambers until that in the chamber is charged with gas.
The several chambers may be discharged in succession the valve being partially
rotated to bring the passage into communication successively with the pipes.
lending to the bottom of the chamber next to that which had been discharged and,
refilled with water. When the passage in the valve is in the intermediate position
between two of the charging passages the gas is cut off from all the vessels. The
water inlet valve is shewn diagrammatically in Figure 6. The water enters this.
valve by the central opening and passes thence by the lateral passage f¹ to the
vessels o o¹ o o* according to the position of the valve. The valves and t are
actuated by the spindle S₁ and are arranged relatively to those actuated by the
army so that when the discharge valve wo is open all the other valves are closed..
The water inlet valve t and the air outlet valve v are open simultaneously and on
these valves being closed by a further rotation of the spindle the gas inlet valve /
is opened. The mixing or measuring vessels may be filled with shelves or material
to aid the mixing as hereinbefore described. The various positions to which the
lever is to be moved to carry out the cycle of operations may be defined by
suitable stops.
The reduced temperature resulting from the expansion of gases may be utilized
to produce or maintain a low temperature for ice creams or other materials by
enclosing the apparatus in a thick jacket of non-conducting material and allowing
the gas to escape from a reservoir through a fine nozzle and circulate around the
material either in direct contact therewith or with an interposed thin metal or other
partition of conducting material, and provided with a well protected door for
withdrawal of the refrigerated substances.
The ice creams or cold commodities may be delivered from coin freed apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1st. In apparatus for making aërated liquors or beverages the combination of a
vessel for containing compressed carbonic acid gas a mixing vessel or chamber into
which the liquid to be aërated and compressed gas from the gas container are
admitted the said gas being admitted to the mixing vessel at the same pressure as
or a lower pressure than that at which the liquid is admitted and means for
separating or spreading the liquid and for retarding the passage of the gas in the
mixing vessel so as to effect the more efficient absorption of the gas by the liquid
the supply of gas and liquid being opened to make up deficiency due to withdrawal
of aërated liquid substantially as herein before described.
2nd. In apparatus for making aërated liquors or beverages the combination of a.
vessel containing compressed carbonic acid gas and a mixing vessel or chamber
into which the liquid to be aërated is forced by an injector or equivalent device
worked by the gas by which the liquid is aërated the said liquid being caused to.
shower down or pass over extended surfaces in the mixing vessel or chamber so as
to be presented to the atmosphere of gas in the said chamber in a manner to.

page_text: efficiently absorb the gas the supply of gas and liquid being opened to make
up deficiency due to withdrawal of aërated liquid substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3rd. In apparatus for producing aërated liquids or beverages the combination of
a vessel containing compressed carbonic acid gas a mixing chamber into which the
liquid to be aërated and gas from the gas container is admitted a chamber supplied
from a main source of supply with a measured quantity of liquid to be aërated and
made to communicate with the mixing chamber; a delivery chamber to contain a
quantity of aërated liquid, equal in quantity to the unaërated liquid in the
measuring chamber, and made to communicate with the mixing chamber; and
cocks or valves arranged to operate by the act of drawing off the aërated liquid
from the delivery chamber, so as to supply to the mixing chamber from the
measuring chamber a quantity of liquid equal to that drawn from the delivery
chamber and so that when the draw off cock or valve of the delivery chamber is.
closed the measuring chamber will be recharged with unaërated liquid from the
main supply and the delivery chamber will be recharged with aërated liquor from
the mixing chamber substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. An apparatus for making aërated liquid or beverage the said apparatus
consisting of a combination with a vessel containing compressed carbonic acid gas
of two or more mixing chambers a cock or valve for admitting liquid to each of
the mixing chambers and a cock simultaneously operated for admitting to a
mixing chamber of the series gas from the gas container the said gas passing by
pipes or passages into and through the liquid in all the chambers whereby the
liquid in all the chambers becomes charged with the gas substantially as herein-
before described.
5. The combination of parts constituting apparatus for the production of aërated
.liquids or beverages substantially as herein before described and illustrated
respectively by Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated the 28th day of January 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.