An Improved Process of Softening Brittle Paper Pulp.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left. 28th Apr., 1890-Accepted. 5th July. 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of Softening Brittle Paper Pulp.
I, CARL KELLNER, of Bartensteingasse 8, Vienna 1, in the Austrian Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Hitherto it has been usual to cause paper pulp of the cotton pulp character
to pass for a long time through a rag engine provided with blunt plates, in order
to soften the brittle pulp. The use of edge mills for this purpose has also been
tried.
This procedure requires on the one hand a great expenditure of power, and on
the other hand, a long time is required for rendering the pulp uniform. Another
drawback inherent in the process is the thorough deformation (dead-grinding) of a
great number of fibres which thereby become unfit for paper making.
According to this invention, the said drawbacks are entirely done away with by
subjecting the brittle pulp to the action of two surfaces arranged at a small distance
from each other and either moving in opposite directions, or one moving and the other
remaining stationary. By these surfaces, the pulp to be softened is not ground but
rolled, and the purpose in view is thereby attained with very little expenditure of
power and in a very short time.
The same process may also be employed for rendering unequally manufactured
cellulose uniform.
The annexed' sheet of drawings represents by way of example two apparatus, by
means of which the said process may be carried into practice.
In the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are a sectional elevation and a sectional plan,
respectively, of such an apparatus, and
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of apparatus.
The apparatus Figs. 1 and 2 consists of a hollow metal cone b, supported by
standards a, and which, in the case of the pulp to be worked being sulphide cellulose,
is internally lined with segments c of bisket, secured to the metal sides by means of
stone screws. The internal surface of the metal cone or of the bisket lining, as the
case may be, is provided with helical flutes of very sharp pitch, which extend over
the portion between x and y and further on gradually pass away into a plain
surface.
The other cone of the apparatus, which is secured to the vertical shaft d has its
surface likewise fluted or covered with fluted bisket segments 9.
Into the bottom portion of the fixed outer cone b, provided with a stuffing box h for
the
passage of shaft d, opens the inlet pipe i, through which the pulp is conveyed into
the space between the two conical surfaces.
Suitable means for driving the shaft d are provided for instance bevel toothed
gearing and a belt pulley as shewn. The footstep bearing of the said shaft dis
adapted to be lifted and lowered at will by means of the worm wheel gearing k,
whereby the intermediate space between the two conical surfaces is widened
or narrowed, according to the less or more energetic action to be exerted on the
pulp.
The pulp entering through the pipe i rises between the conical surfaces, and is driven
into the casing I, whence it flows out through the spout m.
Fig. 3 shews an apparatus, in which the two surfaces intended to work the pulp are
arranged horizontally.
This apparatus comprises a casing n, in the bottom portion of which are arranged
two millstones o and p, between the opposite surfaces of which the pulp is worked.
By a vertical shaft q either millstone is rotated, and by means of set screws r the other
millstone can be suitably adjusted.
TD 077

page_text: The hoppers arranged over the eye of the upper millstone p has for its purpose to
convey the pulp between the two active surfaces, while the pulp flung out by the
centrifugal force at the circumference of the millstones continually rises and afterwards
enters the hopper again.
Thus the pulp is caused repeatedly to pass between the moving surfaces and may be
more or less worked at will.
Dated this 1st day of April 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of Softening Brittle Paper Pulp.
I, CARL KELLNER, of Bartensteingasse 8, Vienna 1, in the Austrian Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
Hitherto it has been usual to cause paper pulp of the cotton pulp character to
pass for a long time through a rag engine provided with blunt plates, in order
to soften the brittle pulp. The use of edge mills for this purpose has also been
tried.
This procedure requires on the one hand a great expenditure of power, and on the
other hand, a long time is required for rendering the pulp uniform. Another
drawback inherent in the process is the thorough deformation (dead-grinding) of a
great number of fibres, which thereby become unfit for paper making.
According to this invention the said drawbacks are entirely done away with by
subjecting the brittle pulp to the action of two surfaces arranged at a small distance
from each other and either moving in opposite directions or one remaining stationary
and the other moving. By these surfaces, the pulp to be softened is not ground but
rolled, and the purpose in view is thereby attained with very little expenditure of power
and in a very short time.
The same process may also be employed for rendering unequally manufactured
cellulose uniform.
The sheet of drawings filed with my Provisional Specification represents two
apparatus by means of which the said process may be carried into practice.
In the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are a sectional elevation and a sectional plan,
respectively, of such an apparatus, and fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form
of apparatus.
The apparatus figs. 1 and 2 consists of a hollow metal cone b, supported by
standards α, and which, in the case of the pulp to be worked being sulphite cellulose,
is internally lined with segments c of bisket, secured to the metal sides by means of
stone screws. The internal surface of the metal cone or of the bisket lining, as the
case may be, is provided with helical flutes of very sharp pitch, which extend over
the portion between x and y and further on gradually pass away into a plain
Burface.
The other cone of the apparatus, which is secured to the vertical shaft d has its
surface likewise fluted or covered with fluted bisket segments g...
Into the bottom portion of the fixed outer cone b, provided with a stuffing box h for
the passage of shaft d, opens the inlet pipe i, through which the pulp is conveyed into
the space between the two conical surfaces.
Suitable means for driving the shaft d are provided, for instance bevel toothed
gearing and a belt pulley as shewn. The footstep bearing of the said shaft d is
adapted to be lifted and lowered at will by means of the worm wheel-gearing k,
whereby the intermediate space between the two conical surfaces is widened or
narrowed, according to the less or more energetic action to be exerted on the
pulp.

page_text: The pulp entering through the pipe i rises between the conical surfaces, and is
driven into the casing 1, whence it flows out through the spout m.
Fig. 3 shews an apparatus, in which the two surfaces intended to work the pulp are
arranged horizontally.
"
This apparatus comprises a casing n, in the bottom portion of which are arranged
two millstones o and p, between the opposite surfaces of which the pulp is worked.
By a vertical shaft q either millstone is rotated, and by means of set screws r the other
millstone can be suitably adjusted.
The hoppers arranged over the eye of the upper millstone p has for its purpose to
convey the pulp between the two active surfaces, while the pulp flung out by the
centrifugal force at the circumference of the millstones continually rises and afterwards
enters the hopper again.
Thus the pulp is caused repeatedly to pass between the surfaces and may be more or
less worked at will.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The hereinabove described process of softening brittle paper pulp, having the
character of cotton pulp, and of rendering unequally manufactured cellulose uniform,
the said process consisting in passing the pulp between two surfaces at a small distance
from each other, one of which moves while the other remains stationary or which move
in opposite directions, thereby working the pulp.
Dated this 98th day of April 1890.
C. KELLNER,
Per L. W.