IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco- Dasons on
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Allan, of Crewe, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco-
Dasons on Ans"
Sealed the 11th March 1854, and dated the 13th September 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Allan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th September 1853.
I, ALEXANDER ALLAN, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM" to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the combination of the following
advantages: A form or shape of boiler, economical in construction,
possessing extreme strength and lightness, occupying smallness of
space, and so constructed that the parts most liable to deterioration can
be readily removed with less labor and cost than in the boilers hitherto
in use, and giving additional facilities for the clearing out and removal
of deposit.
I will now proceed to describe, with the assistance of the Drawings

page_text: Fig. 1, represents a vertical longitudinal section.
"
2, a sectional plan.
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3, a front end view.
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4, a transverse section on the line 1, 2.
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5, part of a vertical longitudinal section.
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6, the same.
7, the same.
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8, the same.
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9, a transverse section on the line 1, 2, Fig. 8, in front of tube
plate.
The same letters and figures of reference on the Drawings are used
to denote corresponding parts in each of the Figures.
A, is the external casing or barrel of boiler, as shewn in Fig. 1, 2, 3,
and 4, and is of cylindrical form from end to end, embracing in its entire
length the front water space (a), the fire box (b), the tubes (c), and
smoke box (d). B, and C, are respectively the front and back ends of
the boiler, which I prefer in small diameters to form of one plate with
flanges round their entire circumference by which they are rivetted to
the cylindrical part of the boiler. The front plate B, has openings e,
and f; the first for firing the furnace, the second for admitting air under
the fire bars, and for access to the ash space. The end plate C, forms the
back tube plate. The openings e, and f, are provided with doors k, k,
which may work on hinges, as in the ordinary manner, or slide in
grooves. D, D, are man ways to the interior of the boiler, with
moveable covers. E, E, E, are the receivers for the collection of scale
and deposit, and to facilitate its removal. F, an opening to admit air
from the exterior of the boiler to the ash space, and through which
ashes may be removed. G, is the fire box which s cylindrical from g,
to h, from which point (h) it is gradually expanded or bell-mouthed to
the size and form of the front tube plate I. H, and I, the ends of the
furnace or fire box, formed of single plates, having flanges round their
circumference as shewn. H, has openings corresponding to those in the
end plates B, at e and f; and I, forms the front tube plate. K, K, are
solid rings or frames round the openings e and f, which are rivetted

page_text: through, uniting the fire box with the exterior of the boiler. L, is an
inverted bridge crossing the upper part of the fire box forming a water
space. It may be used in all the modifications to be hereafter described,
especially where coal is used for fuel either wholly or partly; it may
also be made of brick or other suitable material. By its introduction it
is proposed to consume the smoke, and prevent fuel from being thrown.
over the bridge at N. M, are metallic stays for staying the fire box
N, is a metallic frame which is fitted with fire brick and forms the
bridge. O, is a door hinged to the frame N, for clearing out the ashes
from the front of the tube plate; P, the front end of the smoke box;
Q, washing out plugs.
Having thus particularly described the boiler shewn in Figures 1, 2,
3, and 4, I now proceed to describe certain modifications of the same as
shewn in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. In Fig. 5, A is the outer shell or barrel
of the boiler, of cylindrical form and of any required diameter and length
from the smoke box to the part marked 7; from which part to the front
end of the boiler B, (Fig. 1, & 2,) the fire box, shell, or casing, is of
enlarged cylindrical form, so as to admit of a larger steam space, and
larger and lower fire box, than can be introduced by a casing of the same
diameter throughout, which fire box may be cylindrical from end to end,
or bell-mouthed, as described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 4. The
junction of the shell at the part 1, is effected by boiler plates, as shewn
in Fig. 5, or by a concentric hoop or frame, as shewn at m, m, in Fig. 6,
the fire box being similar in either case. In Fig. 7, A is the outer shell
or barrel of the boiler, of cylindrical form and of any required diameter
and length from the sinoke box end to the part marked 7; from which
part to the front end of the boiler B, (Fig. 1, and 2,) it is also of cylin-
drical form, but enlarged in diameter, (and with this difference, that
the enlarged diameter of shell is all on the bottom side, the top of the
boiler being flush,) so as to admit of a larger and lower fire box than
can be introduced where a casing of the same diameter throughout is
adopted. The fire box (b) may be of cylindrical form throughout, or
bell-mouthed, as described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 4. In
Figures 8, and 9, A is the outer shell or barrel of the boiler at the fire
box end, and is of enlarged and oval shaped form to admit of a larger
and lower fire box, and particularly to admit of openings f, f, one at

page_text: each end of the fire box through the water spaces a, a; its junction is
effected with the cylindrical part of the shell by bending the boiler
plates as shewn. b, is the fire box, of enlarged oval form, the sides of
which, as also the sides of the outer shell, are strengthened by stays
shewn at n, n, in the usual manner. The fire box is oval throughout its
length, or it may be bell-mouthed, as before described. K, K, are two
metal frames introduced at f, f, to form the junction between the fire
box and the outer shell of boiler. N, metallic frame fitted with fire
brick, or it may be made out of metal, forming a water space com-
municating with the interior of the boiler. O, a hinged door piece for
access to remove the ashes from the front tube plate I.
In all the modifications above described and shewn in Figures 5, 6,
7, 8, and 9, washing out plugs or mud holes, shewn at Q, Q, Fig. 1, & 3,
are introduced; and in the modification Figures 8, and 9, similar holes
are formed at the lower part of the back end fire box.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Allan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ALEXANDER ALLAN, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Allan, Her especial
license that I, the said Alexander Allan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Allan, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM," upon

page_text: the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Allan, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Allan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawing (that
is to say):
My Invention has for its objects the combination of the following
advantages: A form or shape of boiler, economical in construction,
possessing extreme strength and lightness, occupying smallness of space,
and so constructed that the parts most liable to deterioration can be
readily removed with less labour and cost than in the boilers hitherto
in use, and giving additional facilities for the clearing out and removal
of deposit.
I will now proceed to describe, with the assistance of the Drawing
annexed hereto, the means by which I propose to effect the above
objects.
Fig. 1, represents a vertical longitudinal section.
"
2, a sectional plan.
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3, a front end view.
دو
4, a transverse section on the line 1, 2.
"
5, part of a vertical longitudinal section.
"
6, the same.
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7, the same.
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8, the same.
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9, a transverse section on the line 1, 2, Fig. 8, in front of tube
plate.
The same letters and figures of reference on the Drawing are used
to denote corresponding parts in each of the Figures.
A, is the external casing or barrel of boiler as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4, and is of cylindrical form from end to end, embracing in its entire
length the front water space (a), the fire box (b), the tubes (c), and

page_text: smoke box (d). B, and C, are respectively the front and back ends of
the boiler, which I prefer in small diameters to form of one plate with
flanges round their entire circumference by which they are rivetted to
the cylindrical part of the boiler. The front plate B, has openings e,
and f; the first for firing the furnace, the second for admitting air under
the fire bars, and for access to the ash space. The end plate C,
forms the back tube plate. The openiugs e, and f, are provided with
doors k, k, which may work on hinges, as in the ordinary manner, or
slide in grooves. The door covering the opening to the ash space is
for the purpose of regulating the admission of air under the fire bars.
D, D, are man ways to the interior of the boiler, with moveable covers.
E, E, E, are the receivers for the collection of scale and deposit, and
to facilitate its removal. F, an opening to admit air from the exterior
of the boiler to the ash space, and through which ashes may be
removed. G, is the side of the fire box, which is cylindrical from g,
to h, from which point (h) it is gradually expanded or bell-mouthed
to the size and form of the front tube plate at i. H, and I, are the
ends of the furnace or fire box, formed of single plates, having flanges
round their circumference as shewn. H, has openings corresponding
to those in the end plates B, at e and f; and I, forms the front tube
plate. K, K, are solid rings or frames round the openings e, and f,
which are rivetted through, uniting the fire box with the exterior of
the boiler. L, is an inverted bridge crossing the upper part of the fire
box forming a water space. It may be used in all the modifications to
be hereafter described, especially where coal is used for fuel either
wholly or partly; it may also be made of brick or other suitable
material. By its introduction, it is proposed to consume the smoke, and
prevent fuel from being thrown over the bridge at N. M, are metallic
stays or ties to sustain the fire box in its position (which are not shewn
in the modifications represented by Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9). N, is a
metallic frame which is fitted with fire brick and forms the bridge.
O, is a door hinged to the frame N, to give facility for cleaning out the
ashes from the front of the tube plate; P, the front end of the smoke
box; Q, washing out plugs.
Having thus particularly described the boiler shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4, I now proceed to describe certain modifications of the same a

page_text: shewn in Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. In Figs. 5, and 6, A is the outer shell
or barrel of the boiler, of cylindrical form and of any required diameter
and length from the smoke box to the part marked 1; from which part
to the front end of the boiler B (Figs. 1, and 2), the fire box, shell, or
casing is of enlarged cylindrical form, so as to admit of a larger steam
space, and larger and lower fire box, than can be introduced by a casing
of the same diameter throughout, which fire box may be cylindrical
from end to end, or bell-mouthed, as described in reference to Figs 1,
2, and 4. The junction of the shell at the part l, is effected by boiler
plates, as shewn in Fig. 5, or by a concentric hoop or frame as shewn
at m, m, in Fig. 6, the fire box being similar in either case.
In Fig. 7,
A is the outer shell or barrel of the boiler, of cylindrical form and of
any required diameter and length from the smoke box end to the part
marked 1; from which part to the front end of the boiler B, (Figs. 1, and
2,) it is also of cylindrical form, but enlarged in diameter (and with this
difference, that the enlarged diameter of shell is all on the bottom side,
the top of the boiler being flush); the object of this modification being
also (as in Figs. 5, and 6,) to admit of a larger and lower fire box than
can be introduced where a casing of the same diameter throughout is
adopted. The fire box (6) may be of cylindrical form throughout, or
bell-mouthed, as described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 4. In Figs.
8, and 9, A is the outer shell or barrel of the boiler at the fire box end,
and is of enlarged and oval shaped form, having for its object, as in the
preceding modification, the admission of a larger and lower fire box, and
particularly to admit of openings f, f, one at each end of the fire box;
through the water spaces a, a; its junction is effected with the cylin-
drical part of the shell by bending the boiler plates as shewn. b, is the
fire box, of enlarged oval form, the sides of which, as also the sides of
the outer shell, are strengthened by stays shewn at n, n, in the usual
manner. The fire box is oval throughout its length, or it may be bell-
mouthed, as before described. K, K, K, are metal frames, introduced at
e, and f, f, to form the junction between the fire box and the outer shell
of boiler. N, metallic frame fitted with fire brick, or it may be made of
metal, forming a water space communicating with the interior of the
boiler. O, a hinged door piece for access to remove the ashes from the
front tube plate I.

page_text: In all the modifications above described and shewn in Figs. 5, 6, 7,
8, and 9, washing out plugs or mudholes, shewn at Q, Q, Figs. 1, and 3,
are introduced; and in the modification Figs. 8, and 9, similar holes are
formed at the lower part of the back end of the fire box.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said Invention,
and the mode in which it may be carried into effect, I would have it
understood that I do not claim all the parts shewn and described as
of my Invention separately considered, but claim as my Invention―
Firstly, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of
the parts of locomotive and marine boilers for generating steam, as
herein-before described and shewn in the Drawing annexed hereto.
Secondly, I claim as my Invention for locomotive engine or marine
purposes boilers having fire boxes, cylindrical in form in one part, and
bell-mouthed to the form of the tube plate, to admit of the greatest
possible number of tubes.
Thirdly, I claim as my Invention the arrangement of a water space
(a) between the end of the fire box and the front end of the boiler
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and in all the other modifications shewn
in the Drawing.
Fourthly, I claim as my Invention a sliding cover or door to the
furnace orifice in locomotive or marine steam boilers, similar to that
marked k, Fig. 3.
Fifthly, I claim as my Invention the arrangement and construction
of fire boxes of locomotive and marine steam boilers shewn in Figs. 8,
and 9, having the openings at the front and back marked f, f, by which
a thorough draft of air under the furnace bars is effected within the
confines of the boiler.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Allan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.