matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TIPPING APPARATUS OF CARTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Armytage Wade, of the Borough of
Kingston-upon-Hull, and of Hornsea, in the East Riding of the
County of York, Timber Merchant, Shipowner, and Brick Manu-
facturer, and John Cherry, of Hornsea, aforesaid, Brick Yard
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TIPPING
APPARATUS OF CARTS."
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Sealed the 19th August 1873, and dated the 2nd July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Armytage
Wade and John Cherry at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1873.
We, JOSEPH ARMYTAGE WADE, of the Borough of Kingston-upon-
5 Hull, and of Hornsea, in the East Riding of the County of York,
Timber Merchant, Shipowner, and Brick Manufacturer, and JOHN
CHERRY, of Hornsea, aforesaid, Brick Yard Manager, do hereby declare

page_text: the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TIPPING
APPARATUS OF CARTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to the tipping apparatus of carts, and
consists in the adaptation and application to carts of a tipping apparatus
in which a transverse rod or bar is capable of sliding on the sole pieces,
and thereby tightening the required connection between the body of the
cart and the shafts, and preventing the ordinary liability of the parts to
wear by friction or striking.
The said tipping apparatus consists of brackets, one secured to the
under side of each shaft; in each of which brackets is fixed a pin or
spindle forming centres of motion for the tipper. These centres of motion
are connected with a transverse rod or bar by means of arms, one of
which is elongated and forms a lever for working the apparatus as re-
quired. This lever is fixed or secured as required by means of a curved
guide with holes in it, and a pin passed through one of such holes and
through another hole in the lever.
The apparatus is tightened by the ends of the transverse or connecting
rod or bar between the arms on each side (which portion may be encased
by piping) being slidden up or along the sole pieces, thereby securing
the body of the cart firmly to the shafts, and preventing the ordinary
movement or play with the liability of the parts to wear.
In some cases it may be preferable to arrange the transverse rod so
that it will act as the spindle for the tipping apparatus to turn upon, in
which case the ends of the said rod will be passed through the brackets,
and there will be connected to the said rod two short rods or rollers (one
for each pair of arms) to slide upon the sole pieces as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INCREASING THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF MICROSCOPES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Grey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1873.
I, ERNEST GREY, of South Hill Park, Hampstead Heath, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INCREASING THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF MICROSCOPES," to
be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the use of an additional eye piece composed
of a tube or body with a draw tube or draw tubes containing two or
more lenses, by means of which the magnified image of an object is
taken up after it has passed through the cyc piece of the compound
microscope and further magnified. By this method greater magnification
is obtained not only without a reduction of the distance between the
object and the object glass of the microscope but with an increase of the
said distance, while at the same time this result is accomplished at less
expense than if the increased magnification wero attained by the usc of
high power object glasses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND LOW ROOF SUN LIGHTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Price and John Richard-
son Wigham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd October 1873.
We, JAMES PRICE, of the City of Dublin, and JOHN RICHARDSON
WIGHAM, of Monkstown, in the County of Dublin, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE
AND LOW ROOF SUN LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its principal object the raising of lamps in the
roofs of railway carriages, and other low roofed structures including
ships, whether the light be produced by oil, or by any other means,
so as to be flush or nearly flush with the roof, thereby being out of the
reach of the heads or hats of passengers and others, without appreciable
loss of light. Also to be used wherever it is desirable to raise the lights
for-any-purpose.- -
The mode in which it is proposed to accomplish this object is to raise -
the lamp and support it upon a funnel, cone, or dome, the lower edge of
which is to be flush or nearly so with the roof, the inside of the said
funnel, cone, or dome being bright burnished, white enamelled, or

page_text: otherwise so as to reflect as much light as possible. It is however
recommended that this apparatus be formed funnel shaped to disperso
the light with a convex curvo tangential at the lower edge with the roof
inside, and vertical at the upper edge forming a quarter of a circle or
other curve, also that it be made of white enamelled iron which is casily t
kept clean and will not tarnish.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FLATTENING OR SHAPING WIRE TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS AND REED WIRES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fleming and Joseph
Milner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th March 1873.
We, FRANCIS FLEMING, of Halifax, in the County of York, Card
Manufacturer, and JOSEPH MILNER, of Halifax, aforesaid, Card Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FLATTENING OR SHAPING WIRE TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS AND REED WIRES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and employment of an
apparatus for the purpose of flattening or shaping to various sectional
forms the wire to be employed in the manufacture of wire cards for
carding wool, cotton, and other fibres and for the reed wires of looms
for weaving, and consists in the employment of a pair of pulleys mounted
(by preference) in the horizontal position on studs, one of the studs
being fixed to the framework of the apparatus, the other stud being
attached to a block working within grooved or V beds by means of an
adjusting screw, so that the moveable block and pulley may be adjusted

page_text: relatively to the other pulley with great nicety and so determine the
degree of compression the wire shall undergo, and its finished size and
shape on being drawn through or between the pulleys. A catch wheel
and catch secure the wheel screw and block from moving after being
"set" and there is as will be seen no gearing required to be used in
connection with this apparatus. The frictional contact of the wire
on the pulleys is sufficient to impart thereto the necessary rotation
and to reduce friction to a minimum. Or in lieu of the block for carrying
the adjustable adjustable pulley the pulley may be mounted on a lever,
one end of which is secured to the frame by a pin or stud forming a
fulcrum. The lever and moveable pulley may be set or adjusted relative
to the fixed pulley on the stud as above.
When forming angle wire the peripheries of the pulleys are adjusted
or set to an angle, and an additional pulley will be introduced between the
two pressure pulleys so as to prevent the wire slipping out when under-
going the operation of being shaped. Grooves may be formed in the
peripheries of the pulleys of the form the wire is required to take.
An Im- PROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND REFINING METALS AND ALLOYS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Werdermann, of Princes Street, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "An Im-
PROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND REFINING METALS AND
ALLOYS."
Sealed the 5th August 1873, and dated the 10th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Werdermann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th February 1873.
I, RICHARD WERDERMANN, of Princes Street, in the County of Surrey,
5 Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND REFINING METALS
AND ALLOYS," to be as follows:-
--
My said Invention consists in an improved mode of applying electric
currents to remove the noxious elements used or combined with the

page_text: metal or alloy, and to permit such noxious elements when required to
be collected and purified; it also consists in improved apparatus
whereby the currents are effectually employed.
The removal of the metals or metalloids which are to be eliminated
is effected either in a melting furnace or in a crucible or converter or
puddling furnace. Two pipes of fire-clay are dipped in the molten
metal. Two hollow cylinders of carbon or platinum or other suitable
matter are fixed inside the clay pipes at the end immersed in the molten
mass.
To the carbon or platinum cylinders are attached two platinum wires
or ribbons, which run up inside the clay pipes and are connected directly
or by means of copper wires to the two poles of a galvanic battery or
magneto-electric machine.
To prevent the developement of heat in the battery or magneto-electric
machine the connecting wires pass through a cooling apparatus.
Instead of hollow cylinders of carbon or platinum, solid cylinders or
sheets, or any other suitably shaped pieces of carbon or platinum or
other suitable matter can be used; in the latter cases space must be
left between the said pieces and the fire-clay envelope, to permit the
eliminated metal or metalloids to be volatilized and to escape through
the clay pipes, and to be collected in a suitable vessel in which they are
converted either into the liquid or solid state or into salts, in bringing
them in this statu nascendi in contact with any suitable matter to which
they have great affinity.
AN IMPROVED DOMESTIC UTENSIL FOR SHAPING AND ORNAMENTING BUTTER AND PASTRY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Annic Augusta Defcher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
27th January 1873.
I, ANNIE AUGUSTA DEFENER, of Sydenham Park, in the County
of Kent, Widow, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DOMESTIC UTENSIL FOR SHAPING AND ORNAMENTING BUTTER
AND PASTRY," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to an improved domestic utensil for shaping
and ornamenting butter and pastry, and consists in constructing such
said utensil in the following manner, that is to say, I take a tube of zinc
or other suitable metal, and fit thereinto loosely a solid cylinder of wood
of the length of the said tube. The inner end of the cylinder of wood is
formed at that end which is within the tube, and with a handle at
the opposite end projecting outside of the said tube; I also fit a cover on
one end of the said tube and make openings in the said cover or in a
loose piece of metal held thereby, the said openings being in the form
of a star or other simple shape, so that upon butter being placed in tho
aforesaid tube and the aforesaid piece of wood pressed against the butter,
the effect will be to force the butter through the openings in the cover

page_text: and cause the butter to assume the form of a long star shaped cylinder,
which as the butter is forced out may if desired be twisted into a
helix by turning the tube round gradually during the expulsion of
the butter.
Another shape may be imparted to butter either by substituting or
placing upon the aforesaid star shaped piece of metal a small taper tube,
which when the butter is forced through it shall assume the appearance
of maccaroni which may be twisted into any fanciful form during
its expulsion.
For ornamenting pastry by the means lastly above described, it is
simply necessary to substitute dough in lieu of butter. I further
propose to make tubes of dough by the use of the aforesaid small tube,
but for this purpose it will be necessary to adjust a central wire within
the utensil and piece of wood, so that as the dough is forced out of the
aforesaid small tube it shall assume the form of a tube which may be
afterwards baked in an oven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Wiley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1873.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declaro the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the coating of small metallic articles
with casily fused metals, such as tin, or alloys of tin, zinc, and the
like.
My said Invention is especially applicable to the coating of iron
dress pins with tin, and I will describe my Invention in connection
with the coating of iron pins with tin. I take a heating pot supported
in or over a furnace in such a way as to be capable of a continuous
rotary or a vibrátory motion. Into this pot oil or fat is put together
with a small quantity of cbloride of zinc. When the oil or fat has
acquired the necessary temperature the pins to be coated together with
the necessary quantity of metallic tin are thrown into the heating pot,

page_text: which is turned or oscillated for a few seconds. The pins thereby
become coated with tin and are raked out of the pot with a riddle or
sieve, to which a rapid vibrating motion is given. The coated pins fall
through this riddle into water.
The process may be made continuous by employing a heating pot of a
tubular form, the pins being introduced at one end and removed at
the other end. The pins may be made to move through the heating
pot by the rotary motion of the pot. For this purpose the interior of
the pot is provided with a screw-like rib or projection which carries
forward the pins by a screw-like motion.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CHESTS OF DRAWERS AND SIMILAR DESCRIPTIONS OF CARCASS DRAWER WORK OR OTHER FURNITURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman Poth and Thomas
Simpson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd October 1873.
We, HERMAN POTH and THOMAS SIMPSON, both of Tabernacle Square,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING
CHESTS OF DRAWERS AND SIMILAR DESCRIPTIONS OF CARCASS DRAWER WORK OR
OTHER FURNITURE," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention has reference to the construction and employment of
chests of drawers, pedestal tables, toilet tables, washstands, and book-
cases having straight fronts with the view to enclose the front openings
of each of the same with a hanging shutter or lath-fall suitably arranged
for excluding damp or dust from the articles contained therein and
protected under one lock and key, and consists in forming the said
drawers and other straight-fronted furniture aforesaid with a double top
or back, and fitting within the space so formed a lath-fall or shutter
supported on fixed bearing rollers underneath the top, so as to admit of
being moved up or down from front to back within sliding grooves,
whereby the lath-falls when drawn or lifted up (for the purpose of

page_text: opening the drawers or otherwise) shall slide within the top space and
descend into the back untill again drawn down and closed over the front
as before.
In forming the front-fall or shutter we take moulded laths of any
suitable wood and secure them longitudinally together upon a canvas
back, so that the edges of one shall overlap another and move over the
bearing rollers with uniform flexibility and freedom, independently of
other hinges, employing in connection with the above lock or catch
fastenings, together with projecting studs or handles for raising or
lowering the fall as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Thibault,
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County.
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS," a communication to me from
abroad by Pierre Thibault, of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of inkstand or holder
whereby the ink is always maintained at the same level in the dipping
cup, whilst the main body of the ink is entirely protected from contact
with the air.
The improved inkstand may be made of glass, porcelain, metal, or
other suitable material, and consists of a vessel of any convenient shape
moulded or otherwise constructed in one or more parts, the central portion
of the top being depressed so as to constitute a dipping cup and filter
of a funnel shape which descends to near the bottom of the vessel, where

page_text: it is made of a bulbous form, and is perforated laterally as well as at the
lower end to allow the ink which is contained within the surrounding
part of the vessel to rise always to the same level in the dipping cup.
A small air vent hole covered by a cap or stopper is provided on the
top of the vessel, on opening which the vessel may be filled with ink by
pouring it through the dipping cup or filler.
When the cap or stopper is fitted on tight the ink rises only in the
bulbous part of the dipping cup to a sufficient height to change the pen
when dipped therein. A number of knobs or projections may be made
round the top of the vessel to retain a penholder when laid across it in
any direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS, VESSELS, OR BOATS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1873.
I, JOHN MARTIN, of the City of Aberdeen, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS
FOR SHIPS, VESSELS, OR BOATS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its objects the obtainment of a screw propelling
action similar to that of continuous sculling, the arrangement of the
blades upon the boss so that they adjust themselves in a position not to
retard the ship's progress, and the construction of the propeller and
method of fixing the blades so that the whole may be taken to pieces
and repaired, or a blade replaced with comparative case even at sea.
The boss or body of the propeller upon which the blades are fitted is
formed partly cylindric and partly conical, and it may be composed of
one or more pieces as may be desired. Into this body are fixed pro-
jecting shafts or spindles placed at an angle inclining sternwards, and
the blades are bored out internally for a portion of their length from the
boss end to form a socket for the reception of the spindles herein-before
referred to; the blades are thus swivelled on to the body and are pre-

page_text: vented from slipping off by a key fixed into the spindle through a slot in
the propeller blade.
The blades are somewhat shovel-shaped in outline, but are flat on the
face and rounded on the back, and being set at angle both from the per-
pendicular and from the fore and aft or line of keel, a continuous
sculling propulsion is obtained. The blades are capable of swivelling
upon their internal spindles, and are kept in propelling position by short
studs or bolts fixed into or projecting from the body of the propeller
against which the forward edge of the blade abuts, and when the engine
is stopped and the propeller not required, the blades being of greater
breadth towards one side of their swivelling fulcrum than the other are
caused by the action of the water to swivel round from the propelling
position to nearly the line of keel, and are held there by another stud
projecting from the body or otherwise so as not to retard the ship's
progress by "dragging" so long as she is under "head way" or under
sail; a spring may also be applied to the face or back of each blade to
prevent oscillation by the water when not in use, and stays may also be
fixed to the boss and to the spindle to support the blades if necessary in
addition to their internal spindles.
It will be apparent that the great facility for taking the propeller to
pieces, the easy removal or replacement of the blades, and their ready
adjustment for either propulsion or rest, render the arrangement
peculiarly adapted for auxiliary propellers.
IMPROVED COMPOUNDS OR COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FOR CLEANSING AND BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRES, SUCH AS JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND COTTONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bateson Rickards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1873.
I, JAMES BATESON RICKARDS, of "The Green," Kilburn, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED COMPOUNDS OR COMBINATIONS OF INGREDIENTS FOR CLEANSING AND
BLEACHING VEGETABLE FIBRES, SUCH AS JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND COTTONS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to special combinations of ingredients or sub-
stances for cleansing and bleaching vegetable fibres, such as jute, hemp,
flax, and cottons.
One combination of ingredients consists of permanagate of potass
and chloride of lime in suitable proportions, which proportions vary with
the nature or state of the material to be treated. In some cases, such
as when the fibre is hard, glycerine is added to the compound to soften
•
the same.
The second combination is composed of carbonate of potass and
chloride of lime for the purpose, to which may be added a certain
quantity of glycerine.

page_text: The materials are acted upon separately in a bath, in which the
ingredients are present with water for a given period of time, and these
are afterwards removed, rinsed, and dried by exposier or by artificial
means.
The glycerine is sometimes used separately and preferabley after the 5
material has been treated or acted upon by one or other, or by. both
of the compounds, in the manner described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING RAILWAY SWITCHES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Washington Single at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th September 1878.
I, WASHINGTON SINGLE, junior, of the Grove, Woodford, in the
County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING RAILWAY SWITCHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
locking railway switches. For this purposes I employ a catch to secure
the movable or tongue rail to the main rail, with which it is required
to be held in contact.
I arrange the rod which works the switches so that in commencing
to move it first frees the catch before it moves the tongue rail away
from the main rail. Also in moving in the opposite direction the rod
which works the switches continues to move after the tongue rail has
been forced home against the main rail, and in so doing it acts on the
catch and locks the tongue rail and the main rail together.

page_text: Instead of connecting the switch rod rigidly to the two tongue rails,
as is usual, I connect it with a slider, which is able to slide freely for
a short distance on the bar connecting the tongue rails.
Each tongue rail has its catch connected to it and moving with it,
and as cither tongue rail is moved towards its main rail the head of
the catch passes underneath the main rail. The catch is then raised
and it grasps the rail.
The slider upon the bar connecting tho tongue rails is caused to work
the catches in the following manner:-There are inclines attached to
the slider to work the catches and hold them in placo to lock the
tongue rails.
When the slider is moved to shift the switches, say from right to
left, the incline on the right-hand side first leaves its locking catch
and allows it to fall down and free its tongue rail, then the incline on
the left-hand side comes up to its catch; but the head of tho catch in
the then position of the points boing underneath the main rail it is
unablo to rise, and the slider being thus impeded is compelled to carry
with it the bar on which it is mounted and the tongue rails to which
it is fixed. As soon as the left-hand tonguo rail is home against the
main rail the head of the left-hand catch will havo passed tho main
rail and be frco to rise, and then the slider with its inclines moves on,
sliding along its bar, and approaching the left-hand catch in this
motion the incline raises the head of the catch and locks the tongue
rail to the main rail. Thus in whichever direction the rod which works
the points is moved the three operations of unlocking the points,
moving the points, and relocking them, are performed in succession.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES APPLICABLE TO STRAH AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Richmond Allfrey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th March 1873.
I, EDWARD RICHMOND ALLFREY, of Deptford Pier, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE SLIDE VALVES APPLICABLE TO STRAH AND OTHER ENGINES,"
to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in the slide valves
applicable to steam and other engines. For this purpose I form the
valve as a hollow box or chamber, the only openings into which are those
by which the steam enters the valve and the ports in the valve face by
which the steam passes out of the valve into the cylinder of the engine.
In the valve exhaust ports are formed by which the steam escapes from
the cylinder into the valve box, and thence to the condenser, or to the
receiver, or slide jacket of a low-pressure cylinder, as the case may be.
These exhaust ports have no communication with the steam space
within the valve. The passage for the steam to enter the valve is at
the lower end (the valve being vertical), it is through a trunk or trunks
sliding steam tight in a small cylinder as the valve moves to and fro.

page_text: The pressure
of the steam in this cylinder balances the weight of the
valve. The steam may, however, be introduced at either or both ends of
the valve. The valve is prevented from leaving the cylinder face by
suitable guides; or it may be maintained against the face by con-
necting the space in which the valve works to the condenser or large t
cylinder by means of a valve so adjusted that the pressure in the space
in which the valve works is just sufficient to keep the valve up. In
some cases, if convenient, the exhaust may pass direct into the space
in which the valve works.
This Invention is also applicable where a valve works on the back of 1
the slide; or the steam may be supplied to the valve by an opening in
its back corresponding with a short cylinder in the back of the slido
box. This cylinder forms the mouth of the steam supply pipe, and
contains an annular piston which the pressure keeps in steam tight
contact with the back of the valve. The steam passing through the 1
annular piston enters the valve. In this arrangement the steam
pressure being both on the front and back of the valve the areas
should be so proportioned that the valve may be held in contact with
the cylinder face but without bearing heavily upon it. Valves thus
arranged may be employed also in air and other motive power engines. 2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REFINING MINERAL AND OTHER LUBRICATING OILS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Collingridge at the
TT
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1873.
I, AUGUSTUS COLLINGRIDGE, of No. 2, Lombard Court, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REFINING MINERAL AND OTHER LUBRICATING
OILS," to be as follows:-
The oil intended to be refined is placed in a receptacle of the kind
herein-after described, and is treated with an admixture of a due pro-
portion of some detergent and aluminous earthy substance (such as
fullers' earth), in conjunction with a sufficient quantity of chloride
of lime (known in commerce by the name of oxymuriate of lime) to
produce the generation of chlorine gas upon the application of sufficient
heat by means of any suitable heating apparatus adapted to the purpose.

page_text: The receptacle containing the oil mingled with the above-described
ingredients should be hermetically closed, and furnished with a safety
valve and an escape pipe fitted with a stop-cock situated within reach
and under the control of the operator. Such receptacle should also
be furnished with an internal agitator, by the action of which the
oil may be maintained in a continual state of agitation during the
application of the requisite heat to generate chlorine-gas, and also
further to secure the particles of detergent earth being well distributed
throughout the body of the oil. After having been sufficiently sub-
jected to the process of heat and agitation the oil should be allowed
to cool and to subside, and having been freed from chlorine gas as
far as practicable by the opening of the stop-cock in the escape pipe,
it should be drawn off. clear into another receptacle, and treated with
a moderate proportion of permanganate of potass. The oil should then
again be heated to a temperature some degrees below its ascertained
point of ebullition, and conducted in such heated condition to the
compound filtering apparatus herein-after. described. Such apparatus
is composed of a consecutive series of cylinders or chambers con-
structed of metal, stoneware, or other suitable material, and of con-
venient dimensions containing the requisite filtering material, and so
arranged as to present a succession of separate filters, but the chambers
or cylinders in communication with each other, such union being effected
by intimediate tubes, or by means of corresponding exterior flanges
firmly and hermetically, united and held together with screw bolts and

page_text: operation of filtration, and to admit of the sampling and drawing
off of the filtered oil from any individual filter at which the desired
degree of purity may have been attained, without being compelled to
wait until the oil shall have passed through the last of the series of
filters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GAS OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Karl Ludwig Hartwig Gercke
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st November 1873.-A communication from abroad by
Carl Neuber, of Hamburg.
I, KARL LUDWIG HARTWIG GERCKE, of Berlin, in Prussia, but now
residing at Alfred Place, Bedford Square, London, Doctor of Philosophy,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF GAS OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus for regulating the flow of gas or other fluids is based
upon a simple self-acting mechanical motion, by means of which I am
enabled to dispense with all the complicated and uncertain appliances
in which fluids or other chemical matters are employed.
My apparatus is a dry apparatus made of steel, iron, and brass, or of
other suitable metal, and its action is therefore not influenced by
changes of temperature.
The apparatus consists of a balance arm having a valve at one end
and a countexnight at the
1°

page_text: way which is attached to the said arm, and on which a ball is free to
move backwards and forwards, thereby regulating the working of the
arm and its valve, that is to say, that according to changes of pressure
in the column of gas between the apparatus and the burners the ball
moves nearer to or further from the counterweight, thereby increasing or
diminishing the weight of the counterweight and regulating the opening
of the valve in the same proportion as the consumption of gas increases
or decreases. The apparatus being thus self-acting all flaring up of
gas flames when other gas burners are extinguished is entirely pre-
vented.
The apparatus is divided into two compartments for the valve and the
counterweight, and is hermetically closed by a metal cover with a gutta
percha bottom, through which the pipe which forms the channel for the
gas between the two ends of the balance arm passes.
Although specially applicable to regulating the flow of ordinary
lighting gas the apparatus is also applicable to regulating the flow of
other fluids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Emsley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1873.
I, SIDNEY EMSLEY, Agent, of Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPINNING AND TWISTING AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to giving to slubbings, rovings, yarns, or twisted
threads the entire twist intended to be given before passing the top of
the spindle and before any tension or drag is put on in the winding on
the bobbin or spindle. For this purpose I employ an apparatus formed
in a zig-zag shape which is fitted on the top of the spindle or flyer.
This apparatus is made of steel or other metal, and is constructed with
indentations from side to side through which the slubbing, roving yarn,
or twisted threads pass or are wrapped from one indentation to the other,
thus producing a sort of lock, and giving the entire twist before passing
the top of the spindle.

page_text: The slubbing, roving, yarn, or twisted threads are prevented from
slipping through the indentations before they have received the requisite
twist by means of the pressure given by the winding on the bobbin or
spindle, which is caused by the revolving spindle and the tension or
drag. The slubbing, roving, yarn, or twisted threads are thus prepared
with strength enough to resist a reasonable drag of the bobbins or
spindles without being elongated or broken, and an extra tension or
drag may be given producing a firmer bobbin and yarn or thread spun
smaller with the same material heretofore used, and also more even and
smoother threads with less waste, and allowing an increased speed in
spinning and twisting.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF TIMBER RODS FOR PUMPING ENGINES FOR MINES AND OTHER WORKS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHEARS, FOR GIRDERS, FOR SHIPS' KEELS, OR FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Arnall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1878.
I, GEORGE ARNALL, of Truro, in the County of Cornwall, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF TIMBER RODS FOR PUMPING ENGINES FOR MINES AND OTHER
WORKS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SHEARS, FOR GIRDERS, FOR SHIPS' KEELS, OR FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended for use in mines or in other works or for
other purposes where very long logs of timber are required, such for
example as for rods for pumping engines, shears, keels for ships, girders,
or any other purposes where great length of timber combined with great
strength are required.
In ordinary use in mines the rods (for example) are made of long pieces
of timber secured together by iron plates called "strapping plates,"
which add considerably to the weight and weaken the timber through
the use of large iron bolts which are necessary to fasten the plates
together.

page_text: It often happens that logs of timber used for this and other of the
above-mentioned or other analogous purposes are defective in the centre,
or other part which it is impossible to see or detect from the outside,
and so frequently break and cause considerable delay and expense in
effecting repairs.
This Invention consists in constructing the rod, girder, or other
part or structure of plans (say) nine inches wide by three thick, with
their ends scarfed one foot in length, or dovetailed and placed on a
system of break joints, each joint being secured by a bolt or bolts passing
also through the whole number of planks composing the rod or girder,
which thus bind the whole system together and form the rod, girder, or
keel, &c. as required. In the case of a rod a short exterior piece may
be bolted at each side at the end or ends to serve as the connection to
the engine.
Thus the strapping plates as hitherto used for securing the separate
logs together are entirely dispensed with, thereby effecting immense
saving in expense, whilst the rods are stronger at all joints, easier to fix,
repair, and remove than those constructed by the method at present in
use, and besides being much lighter the strain upon the engine is con-
siderably less, effecting a great saving in the consumption of fuel.
By constructing the girder, keel, or other part or structure thus any
defect in the wood can be at once seen and remedied, and in case of
repairs it is only necessary to remove the bolts in the immediate neigh-
bourhood of the defective part and substitute for the defective plank a
fresh one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CURTAINS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1873.
I, ALEXANDER MORTON, of the Firm of Alexander Morton & Coy.,
of Darvel, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CURTAINS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
curtains has for its object the production of patterns or ornamentation
with an improved appearance on that class of curtains known as
"leno."
The Invention is carried into effect by the employment of the
jacquard machine for shedding the warp, and the cards of which are so
cut as at any required place or places to shed four or any other desired
number of warp threads together in order to produce the ordinary
"leno" weaving for the ground of the cloth. At those places in the
pattern where it is desired that the pattern should appear in bold relief
on the "leno" ground, a coarse rove or weft or a greater number of

page_text: shots of weft are run through the cloth in order to produce close
weaving at those parts, the portions showing the pattern being thrown
up on the surface in the manner well understood in weaving, whilst the
other portions which do not shew any pattern are left as floating weft
and cut away after the weaving is finished.
In order to produce a contrast or shade in the pattern any desired
portion or portions of the cloth are made of a transparency intermediato
between that of the bold relief of the pattern and the light or open
texture of the ground, this being effected by shedding the warp at such
places with a less number of threads together than where the "leno"
shedding is carried out, the cords being so cut as to shed this portion
after the manner of muslin weaving in the manner well understood by
jacquard card cutters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SEEDING OR STONING RAISINS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Schlesinger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th February 1873.-A communication from abroad by
C. Dixon, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM JAMES SCHLESINGER, of Finsbury Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SEEDING OR STONING RAISINS,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to machines provided with a grate and expelling
and compressing jaw arranged to act to expel the seeds and to discharge
them and the seeded or stoned raisins.
The said machine has a novel arrangement and construction of the
compressing, expelling, and grate jaws of the raisin seeder, and also a
novel arrangement of other parts in addition to the said jaws. An
upright arm is constructed at its lower end with ear pieces for being
clamped to a table, and at its upper end it has pins secured therein for
expelling the seeds from the raisins. The compressing jaw and the grate
jaw are hung upon a common centre or fulcrum; both of these jaws

page_text: extend upward so that when swung upon the fulcrum they will come
over and against pins on the expelling jaws. A wheel is hung and
arranged to turn upon the centre or axis of the said expelling jaw or
arm; this wheel is provided with a curved flange or lever and a cam
groove, the one for operating the grate jaw and the other for operating
a rest or retainer pivoted upon the said grate jaw below the openings
thereof. A bent spring is applied between the grate jaw and expelling
jaw to throw the grate jaw open. Through the compressing jaw are
holes corresponding with the expelling pins, through which holes the
said pins partially extend. Arms project from the operating face of the
aforesaid wheel, one for scraping the outside face of the grate jaw,
and the other for scraping the outside face of the compressing jaw.
To keep the seeds thrown from the grate jaw by the clearer from
being mixed with the raisins the opening through the grate jaw is
closed by a spring plate.
A floor is applied to and between the jaws outside of the circuit of the
clearer pins or projections of the wheel for the purpose of preventing the
falling of the stoned raisins in and between the said jaws and clogging
the same.
For receiving the expelling pins the jaw is cast with an opening
through it with its several sides bevelled, and over it at its smaller end
is applied an overlapping perforated plate through the perforations of
which the expelling pins are extended.
The compressing jaw is constructed similarly to the expelling jaw
with a bevel sided opening and perforated plate backed with soft
solder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH HOLLOW BARS FOR FURNACES OR FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1873.
I, THOMAS CAIN, of Lake Douglas, in the Isle of Man, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND IN CONNECTION WITH HOLLOW BARS FOR FURNACES OR FIRE-GRATES," to be as
follows:
This Invention has for its objects mainly to pass water through the
fire-bars, so that at the same time the bar may be kept cool, and the
water heated. To provide a means of effectually cleaning the waterway
or passages in the bars and to prevent to a very great extent the
formation of deposit in such waterway or passages.
I. This Invention consists in forming hollow bars of cast iron, having
two or more holes or passages running longitudinally so that water may
pass through, with the double object of keeping the bar itself cool whilst
the water is heated. The holes may be partly formed by placing straight
tubes of metal for the holes when casting the bars.

page_text: II. The openings in the end of the bars are to be provided at one end
with screw plugs or other stoppers, which can be removed when it is
necessary to clean the water passages in the bars, and when screwed in
position a waterway is still left within or inside the screwed plugs or
stoppers. The bars may be made single, or two or more cast in one, but
at all times provided with holes sufficient in number to admit water to
keep the bars cool in proportion to the work for which they may be
required.
.
III. The water is supplied to the bars by means of a hollow bearer,
having two chambers, which may be made separately or together, the
one chamber placed over or above the other. The bottom chamber
supplies the bar, and the top is for the discharge. The open ends of the
bars are bolted to the sides of the chambers in hollow bearers, thus
connecting the top holes in bars with the top chamber, and the bottom
holes with the bottom chambers in hollow bearer. The water being
supplied to the bottom chamber enters the bottom holes in bar, passes to
the end of the bar and returns by the top holes into the top chamber,
and is thence led away to any required place. When the double
chamber is thus placed holes may be put in the chambers opposite the
holes in the bars that the bars may be cleaned without removal by
inserting a scraper through the holes.
IV. When very long bars are required the double chamber is placed
beneath the centre of such long bars, the holes for cleaning coming
through the ends of the bars, and closed by screw plugs or stoppers, as
herein-before mentioned with respect to one cond of the shorter bar.
V. In using these bars for salt or other water holding in solution
matter which may cause large deposits use the condensed water from
a surface condenser erected for that purpose, or from the engine surface
condenser if the engine be thus provided.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL POR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mark Shepherd, of Broadbent Street, Bradford,
"
in the County of York, Stone Mason, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL POR DOMESTIC OR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 29th April 1873, and dated the 26th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mark Shepherd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1878.
I, MARK SHEPHERD, of Broadbent Street, Bradford, in the County
5 of York, Stone Mason, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL FOR DOMESTIC OR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:—
My Invention relates to employing a cast-iron plate fitted on the top
of the fire-place covering the whole surface between the oven and the

page_text: boiler. A front is cast on the plate resting on the top bar of the
fire-place, on this front is left an opening having a sliding door to put in
the fuel. A pipo is fixed at the back of the plate & up the chimney
to allow for the escape of smoke and gasos, and in the pipe is fitted a
damper for keeping in the heat when the fire is clear. In the plate is t
cast a large hole for a pan or kettle, one smaller for a steamer and boiler,
and a small one for a saucepan. All these openings have covers fitted
to them to cover the holes when not in use, and on the sides between
the holes are left spaces for heating a couple of irons. On the sides are
fitted two dampers, ono leading to the flue of the oven and the other to 1
the flue of the boiler; when the oven or boiler is not required the
damper is closed, keeping in the heat which would otherwise be wasted;
a false bottom is also fixed between the top and bottom of the fire-place,
midway, reducing the consumption of fuel, and underneath the false
bottom is fixed a drawer perforated with holes to let the ashes fall and 1
retain the cinders.