Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 16th Sept., 1899
I, SAMUEL YOKE HEEBNER, Banker, a citizen of the United States of America,
residing at Highland Avenue, in the City, and County of Philadelphia, and
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same 18 to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement ; —
Figure 1 is an end view of a motor with my improvements.
Figure 2 is a section.
Figure 3 is a plan view.
Figures 4 to 11 are diagrammatic views, showing the different paths of the
current at different times, and each also showing the cross sections of the currents'
paths.
Figures 12 to 19 also serve to illustrate the different paths at different stages
In the drawings, A indicates the field metal of a motor on base B. There are
four field magnets, C, C1, C2, C3, each having a core and a coil with terminals cc'.
By proper coupling, the machine, as a whole, may have two poles, or four poles,
as desired
A two-pole machine can be formed, using only two opposite coils,
as those at C and C, or by using all four coils, two, as C, C³, being connected to
give a common North pole, and the others, as C¹ C, connected to form a common
South pole Or a four-pole machine can be produced with two North poles and
two South poles alternately.
By thus dividing the field circuit into four parts, C, C1, C2, C3, a large number
of variations in resistance can be provided When the coils C, C1, C2, C3, are
in series, their total resistance is offered. Or two, as at C, C, may be coupled as
a pair in parallel with each other, and those at C and C³ as another parallel pair,
and the two pairs in series Or, again, all four of these coils can be coupled in
quadruple parallel.
At present I follow the plan of first having the four in series, and then having
a parallel pair in series with another parallel pair
Again, I can so connect the parts of the field as to both modify the internal
resistance of the wire as above described and also change the number of poles.
I can have all four field coils in series and produce two poles; or I can have a
parallel pair in series with another parallel pair and still produce two poles Or
can have the four coils in series and produce four poles, or can have a parallel
pair in series with the other pair and still produce four poles.
The aimature illustrated is at D, having shaft E, and made in two parts, D³, D³.
Each part has a set of coils and a commutator, part D¹ having its commutator at
the left, and part D at the right Each commutator has four brushes, part D¹
having those at f, f, f, f³, and part D having those at g, g¹, 9³, g³.
One part of the armature may be left entirely idle, and current supplied to the
other part through two brushes, only, as ff. Or one part of the armature
may remain idle while current passes to and from the other through all four
га
037

page_text: brushes f, f, f, and f³ Or, again, both parts, D¹, D³, may be in action, each having
a single pair of active brushes, as f, f, at one commutator, and 9, 93 at the other.
Or, both parts may be in action, and use made of all four brushes with each
commutator. Further, the two parts D¹, D* may be in series with each other,
whether two brushes or four are used with each; or said parts may be in parallel,
with the same brush conditions. Any controller mechanism can be used for
switching and for changing the terminal connections to vary the current paths,
as above indicated.
I will now describe the steps or stages which I take or pass through in
admitting current to and in controlling the motor.
Referring to Figures 4 and 12, the current passes through the field coils C, C',
C, C³ in series, then through the two armature parts D¹ 18 in series, this
offering the total resistance of the machine The two coils C, C³ generate like
poles, and coils C₁generate opposite poles, that 18, the field 18 bi-polar, and
each part D1, D2, of the armature has but two brushes in action Then, con-
sidering Figures 6 and 13, at the next step, two of the coils as C and C¹, are
put in parallel, and the others C, C, in parallel, the first pair in series with the
second, and the parts D1, D2 of the amature remaining in series Thus the
quantity of current is increased, the resistance being reduced; and the machine
remains bi-polar.
Then another quantum of resistance is withdrawn by cutting out one-half
(as D) of the armature entirely, see Figures 6 and 14.
At the fourth step, see Figures 7 and 15, part 1 of the armature is restored,
but in parallel with pait D', the armature resistance being reduced, the field
resistance remaining as before, and the machine still bi-polar.
At the fifth stage, the motor becomes a four-pole motor, see Figures 8 and 16,
the path of the current being reversed through two field coils, as C³, C³. Coils C
and C are in parallel, and C C³ are in parallel, and the two pairs are in series.
The field resistance remains as before, notwithstanding change in polanty
Simultaneously two changes occur in the armature, the two parts D₁, D thereof
being put into series, and the four brushes of each becoming active, and the
armature having four poles Using the four poles of each part cuts down the
resistance, although the parts D¹ D are in series
At the sixth step, see Figures 9 and 17, the two parts of the field are changed
from series to parallel The coils of pair C, C¹ retain the same polarities, as
do the coils of pan (3 C³, but the two pairs are in parallel, the field resistance
dropping to one quarter, the armature resistance remaining the same
At the seventh stage, see Figures 10 and 18, one half D³, of the armature 18
cut out, the machine iemains multi-polar, and the aimature though partly cut
out has the remaining half uniformly balanced as concerns both armature and
field.
At the eighth and last step (see Figures 11 and 19) the part D2 of the armature
is restored, but now in parallel with part D¹ This gives another reduction in
lesistance The field coils remain in the same relation The motor is now in
full working adjustment; the two halves of the field are in parallel, and in
senes with the two armature halves, which latter are in parallel. The field has
four poles, and the eight brushes are in action The greatest quantity of curient
intended 18 now passing Such greatest quantity 18 now permissible, as the
speed of the armature has been increasing, and also its counter electromotive foice
Adjacent to the field and motor diagrams in Figures 4 to 11 I have shown in
columns I and J the relative increase in cross section of the current paths from
time to time Having reference to one certain motor which I observed with care,
its data were as follows. When the parts were in the relative positions shown in
Figure 4, with the cross sections of the different parts of the current path as
shown in column I, the total resistance of the motor was 9 033 ohms When
the connections were changed, as shown in Figure 5, the cross sections of the
parts of the current paths became such that the total resistance was only

page_text: 4 708 ohms; and the resistance at each of the subsequent stages, shown respec-
tively by Figures 6 to 11 inclusive were as follows, namely, 3.041 ohms;
2 208 ohms; 1.791 ohms; 0 759 ohms; 0551 ohms and 0447 ohms, the latter
being the greatly reduced total resistance at the final stage.
One of the objects of this invention is to avoid entirely the use of external
resistance, and with the variations in current path and with the features of con-
struction above described permitting the same, I have succeeded in attaining
this end. I produce within the motor itself a long series of steps of variation,
and at all times maintain perfect balance of the machine, even though one
part of the armature 18 cut out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim 18 -
1. The herein described method of controlling an electric motor, which consists
in starting the motor as a two pole machine with a set of field coils in series with
each other, and subsequently changing it to a multi-polar machine, with all of
Baid field coils in parallel, and changing the internal resistance of the armature
and maintaining the armature in balance uniformly around its axis, substantially
as set forth.
2 The herein described method of controlling an electric motor, which consists
in starting the motor as a two pole machine with four active coils generating
two balanced opposite poles only, subsequently reversing two of said coils to form
four field poles of which two are alternating with the other two, and supplying
current to and taking it from the armature first through two armature circuits
in series, and afterwards through said circuits in parallel, substantially as set
forth, to maintain the armature in uniform action and balance around its axis,
without shunting, substantially as set forth.
3. The method of controlling a vari-polar electric motor independently of
resistance external to the motor circuit proper, it consisting in starting the
motor as a bi-polar machine with a relatively high internal resistance and there-
after constantly decreasing the internal resistance of the field circuit, and at all
times maintaining a connection of substantially uniform resistance between the
motor circuit and the supply circuit, and finally putting the machine into a full
load condition as a multi-polar motor, substantially as set forth
4. The method of contiolling a vari-polar electric motor independently of
resistance external to the motor circuit proper, it consisting in starting the motor
as a bi-polar machine with a relatively high internal resistance and thereafter
constantly decreasing the internal resistance of the held cucuit, and at all times
maintaining a connection of substantially uniform resistance between the field
circuit and the armature circuit, and finally putting the machine into a full
load condition as a multi-polar motor, substantially as set forth.
5 The method of contiolling an electric motor independently of resistance
external to the motor proper, it consisting in starting the motor as a two pole
machine, subsequently changing it to a multi-polar machine, and changing the
internal resistance of the armature and maintaining the armature in balance
uniformly around its axis, the current at all times passing duectly from one
line conductor to the field, duectly from the field to the armature and directly
from the armature to the other line conductor, substantially as set forth.
6 The method of controlling an electric motor, consisting in starting the motor
as a two-pole machine and passing current through two or more field coils in
series and through the armature in series with the fields, subsequently placing
one part of the field circuit in parallel with the other part and maintaining the
armature in series with the field, and thereafter changing the motor to a multi-
polar machine, and at all times maintaining the armature in balance uniformly
around its axis, substantially as set forth
7. The method of controlling an electric motor having four poles and four

page_text: energizing coils in the field, and a two part armature, it consisting in first passing
the current through the said parts of the field and of the armature in series,
and finally passing it through all the coils of the field in parallel with each other
and through both parts of the armature in parallel with each other, substantially
as set forth.
8 The method of controlling a vari-polar electric motor having a set of field
coils and two independent sets of armature coils, said method consisting in
first connecting up all of said coils in series to provide a bi-polar condition for
the motor with a relatively high internal resistance, and finally at the full
load working condition paralleling all of said field coils, and paralleling the two
sets of armature coils, the latter being in multi-polar condition, substantially
as set forth.
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