MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING OR CUTTING WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING OR CUTTING WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A communication from abroad by Mr. Jules
Mareschal, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Engineer.
Sealed the 28th May 1861, and dated the 7th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1860.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING OR CUTTING WOOD, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-.
This Invention relates to apparatus for planing wood, & consists of a table
of cast-iron sliding on a frame, on which the wood to be operated on is held
by movable grippers at the two ends. These grippers may be brought nearer
or extended from each other, so as to serve for all lengths of wood; a small
projection on each of these grippers causes the return movement by means of
levers when the wood has completely passed under the cutting instrument, and
also stops it when it has returned to the starting point; as the grippers project
but slightly, like the stop-piece of a carpenter's bench, it does not interfere
with the finishing of the thinnest boards, and is at same time quite sufficient

page_text: to hold thick planks. The planing instrument consists of a cylinder carrying
helical blades mounted in bearings, which may be raised or lowered between
two uprights in the frame of the machine, and held in position by means of
four vertical screws connected together, which are acted on by a crank at the
side of the machine for the purpose of regulating the height of the cutting
instrument above the table, and thus to regulate the thickness of the wood to
be planed. A style fixed to one of the bearings, & a scale on the correspond-
ing upright, indicates the height of the cutter above the table. This style is
movable, so as to be regulated according to the wear of the blades. The four
screws by which the two bearings are raised & lowered are free at the upper
part so as not to prevent the cylinder carrying the blades from being removed
when they require to be sharpened; this operation is effected with great
celerity, and to render it easier of execution a horizontal rod is suspended from
the ceiling of the workshop over the centre of the cylinder forming a rail, on
which travels a grooved pulley furnished with tackle, the cords of which are
employed for raising the cylinder out of its bearings without any danger,
whence it is conducted to a sharpening instrument to be herein-after described.
Helical blades can only be usefully employed for planing wood when perfectly
sharpened, as all points of the cutters require to be at equal distances from the
centre of rotation, and the bevil edge to be of exactly the same pitch or inclina-
tion. This result cannot be attained by hand sharpening, and the following
is a description of an instrument or machine, by which the blades may be
rapidly and perfectly sharpened. This machine consists of a poppet, in the
bearings of which is placed the cylinder carrying the blades, and of an emery
surface mounted on a second poppet; the poppet carrying the blades has a
to-and-fro motion imparted to it of rather more extent than the length of the
blades. A clutch support, in which is engaged the blade to be sharpened
forces the latter to present all points of its surface to the action of the grinding
instrument, and also turns the cylinder in the direction of the rise of the blade,.
according as it advances or recedes, being drawn by the poppet in the direc-
tion of its axis. When one blade is ground, a second and a third are taken,
each blade being finished by passing it once round, that is, each complete
to-and-fro motion of the cylinder carrying the blades; the one after being ground
is disengaged from the clutch, and another substituted in its place. This may
be effected automatically, or by the workman who overlooks the operation. By
this means all the blades, of which there are three on the cylinder, may be
equally sharpened with mathematical precision, which is absolutely essential,
as if otherwise the wood would be but imperfectly planed, as all the work
would be done by the blade having the greatest radius, while the others would

page_text: not touch the wood. It is well known that wood does not take a good finish
under the action of the trying plane, unless the irons are perfectly polished. In
order that the work of this improved machinery shall be as fine as that of the
ordinary trying plane, the under side of the helical cutting blades are also per-
fectly polished, which is effected in the following manner:-In forging the
blades a stamp is employed of a form suitable for cambering or shaping them
helically; the bevil or chamfer is then suitably ground, and the opposite face
to the bevil edge operated on by means of special apparatus, consisting, 1st, of
a kind of mould formed of part of the cylinder, in which I place the blade to
be ground; 2ndly, of a trough with cylindrical base of about twice the length
of the blade; 3rdly, of a grindstone, the axis of which is placed horizontally
above and at right angles to the trough about the middle of its length. This
trough, which also forms part of the framing of the machine is furnished in
the interior with two or more fillets corresponding to the shape of the blade,
which fillets engage in grooves made in the outside of the mould, so that by
giving the latter a to-and-fro motion in the trough by turning it on its axis it
causes the blade to be presented to the grinding surface at each point succes-
sively in a position suitable for the action of the grindstone, and so as to obtain
the exact shape required. After this first operation the blade is tempered, and
again submitted to the action of the grindstone to rectify any slight defect of
the former operation; the grindstone is then replaced by a surface of emery &
afterwards of a bob with rouge, by which means the surfaces with the blades'
are rendered uniform and perfectly polished. For the purpose of preserving
the cylindrical form of the grindstones and other grinding surfaces during
their rotation, they have a to-and-fro motion imparted to them to the extent.
of their width. Thus the principal advantages of the three apparatus of this
Invention are planing all kinds of wood in a perfect manner with great eco-
nomy of power as compared with existing machines; also in the use of helical
blades, which are rendered of practical utility by reason of the method of
manufacture herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, WILLIAM
5 CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer &
Patent Agent, send greeting.
-

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PLANING OR CUTTING WOOD, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," a communication from abroad by Mr. Jules Mareschall, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martion, Paris, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to machinery for planing & finishing wood as per-
fectly as is now done by hand labour, & with much greater rapidity, which
consists of a planing machine, properly so called, & of a second machine,
termed a sharpener, for grinding or setting the cutters of the first-mentioned
apparatus.
PLANING MACHINE.
The wood to be operated on is placed on a smooth cast-iron table, & fixed

page_text: straight blades; they also absorb much less of the power and give a finer
polish to the wood. When the wood has all passed under the cutters the
table on which it is fixed falls a fraction of an inch, when it returns of itself
with rapidity to the point of departure. The cutter cylinder may be raised or
lowered at will by simply turning a crank, according to the thickness to which
the wood is to be reduced. A graduated scale & marker indicates the exact
height of the cutters above the table. The cutter cylinder may also be easily
removed from its bearings for the purpose of sharpening the blades, as herein-
after described. One of the cramps for holding the wood is screwed to one
end of the table, and the other is mounted on a plate running the whole length
of the table, which is readily secured at any point, by means of thumb-screws,
in such manner that wood of all lengths short of that of the table may be
instantly secured. A projection on the movable cramp acts upon a lever,
which causes the return motion of the table when the whole length of the
wood being planed has passed under the cutters, while a similar projection on
the fixed cramp stops the wood when it has returned to the starting point.
Hence the motion of the table, the extent of which motion is determined by
the length of wood to be operated upon, and also the limiting of said motion,

page_text: face wears away the poppet is advanced, so as to allow of its just touching the
cutter. It will thus be understood that this improved planing machinery
possesses a to-and-fro or alternating motion, which is necessary in planing
planks, rough timber, or for short lengths of any thickness; but as it is often
required to plane timber of considerable length, I employ an additional
arrangement of feed cylinders, which are placed on the table, in such case
made a fixture, & in this way render the machine of use either with a
to-&-fro or continuous motion. I would also remark, that the cutting cylinders
with helical blades may be employed instead of the straight cutters in ordinary
Fig. 2, a plan, & Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section of the same on line
A, B, Fig. 1, the Figures being drawn to a scale of about one-tenth of the full
size.
A, A', side frames of cast-iron, having a perfectly smooth upper surface;
furnished with suitable stays or cross-ties; B, table of cast-iron, with a planed
surface, furnished at the under part with two racks b; a groove c is made in
each edge of this table throughout its length, it is further furnished with pro-
jections d in the form of wedges, to be herein-after described; a, a', frame of
wrought iron, consisting of two longitudinal bars a resting on the side frames
of the machine between them & the table, and two end bars a¹ connecting the
fore-mentioned; tbis framing is a few inches longer than the table B. The
longitudinal bars have also spaces in their upper surface for receiving the
projections on the table. C, cast-iron cutter cylinder, having helical ribs,
which are suitably smoothed; on each of these ribs is secured a steel blade m:
The Drawing represents three blades, but any other number may be employed.
D, D', bearings of cutter cylinder, provided with caps sliding freely in uprights
A', which have a perfectly smooth surface on three of their faces. The parts
Dreceive the four screws E, e, which pass freely through the caps D', & are
connected to bearings by bolts e; E, four wrought-iron screws screwed in
bearings D, & passing freely through frame A into suitable sockets for the
purpose, on which they rest, by collarse, & each furnished at their lower
extremities with a pinion F; G, four pinions gearing with four other pinions
F; G', two pinions mounted on a transverse shaft g, for transmitting the
motions of the screws of one side of the machine to those of the other; this
be
shaft terminates with a crank, by means of which the four screws may

page_text: operated simultaneously for raising or lowering the cutter cylinder; H, movable
plate sliding on the table, which may be fixed thereto at any point by means
of two lateral screws and hand gear J; H', two plates of iron sliding on H in
guides ', furnished with steel teeth for penetrating & holding the wood under
operation. These toothed plates, which I term cramps, are independant one
of the other, & have each about two inches of traverse, so as to allow of
either different lengths of wood being attached together on the table or of
securing a plank which may have been cut out of the square. Each cramp is.
acted upon by a screw h, to which motion is imparted by hand wheels I passing
through sockets H' cast on plate H; the spindles of these hand wheels not.
being in a line with screws h, motion is transmitted thereto by means of a
universal joint j. The plate H has lateral flanges planed on the inside, in
each of which is lodged a steel key taking in longitudinal grooves c of the
table, which are acted on by the hand gear J. This arrangement is for the
purpose of connecting the plate II to the table without interfering with the
to-&-fro motion of the latter; L, l, single cramp screwed to one end of the
table; M, M', two wood brackets mounted on an iron plate, connected to the
two cramps by means of screws and thumb nuts n, n', for the purpose of
keeping the wood square on the machine. When a piece of timber has been
planed on two parallel sides, one side is brought in contact with the lateral
face of the bracket, & the corresponding hand wheel I turned until the timber
is secured. The arrangement of the plate with two independent gripping parts
allows of two balks of timber being operated upon at one time. When planing
boards, or more than two short lengths of wood at one time, the brackets are
not employed; or if it is required to plane pieces of wood bevilled, the brackets.
may be made to a corresponding angle, which is readily effected, as they are
formed of wood so as not to injure the cutters should they at any time touch ;
N, pulley of cast iron, mounted on the shaft of the cutter cylinder; P, steel
endless screw; O, tangent wheel, of bronze, turning a shaft Q, on which it is
free to slide. It is connected to bearings D by a clutch q, which takes into a
groove made in the shaft of said wheel o, by this means it may be raised or
lowered with the cutter cylinder, and at the same time still gear with the end-
less screw P, whatever may be its height above the table; Q, vertical shaft, on
which are mounted a tangent wheel P, the pinions R & R², connected by shaft
r, & lastly, a socket with rack teeth r', the shaft r being stepped at O in the
foundation plate S, it is supported at the upper part by a collar p and screw
stop g'; T, transverse shaft, having at one end the double bevil wheel U, U¹,
and at its centre two rack pinions u, u, connected together by a socket piece;
u, key fitting in a groove made in said socket; V, VI, levers mounted on shaft v,

page_text: which oscillate in either direction by the alternate contact of the double cramp
H, or the one L with lever V, or by the attendant working lever V ; X,
toothed segment mounted on shaft v, gearing with a pinion s; t, shaft on
which are mounted the pinion s, pinion p' of rack r³, & lever y³, with counter-
balance weight Y; Z, Z, two stops on which the weight Y falls when in its two
extreme positions; K, copperplate, graduated in inches & fractions of inches,
attached to one of the uprights of the frame of the machine; a small marker i
on one of the bearings D¹ indicates on the scale the height of the cutting
De prace
cury straight
m such way was
the fixed cramp L shall be a little beyond the cutter cylinder, this being the
position for starting or point of departure. The wood to be operated upon is
secured by forcing it up against the fixed cramp L, and bringing up the
movable cramp H, H, from the other end, the teeth of which are then
caused to penetrate the wood by hand gear I & J, so as to hold it firmly.
Then having determined the amount to be removed from the wood, the height
of the cutting cylinder is regulated by means of the handle on shaft g, being also
guided by the graduated scale K. The cutter cylinder is then driven by
means of a strap on pulley N, & the table set in motion by placing the lever V
in a position for the weight Y to rest on stop Z. In this position pinion R is
out of gear, & R' gears with the wheel U, which transmits motion to the
table by means of shaft T and pinions u, u, the shaft Q being always actuated
by tangent wheel P. The proportions of the gearing are calculated so as to
cause the table to advance about one yard for every nine hundred revolutions
of the cutting cylinder. Under these conditions, the wood will be turned out
of the machine perfectly polished. When the wood has passed entirely
through the machine, the lateral flange of the plate H acts upon the end of
lever V, and produces the return motion of the table.
It will be unnecessary to give further details of this part of the machine as
they are well known in connection with machinery for planing metals, with
this difference, that when the return motion is completed, and the cramp L is
in contact with V, the lever y remains vertical, & the weight Y does not
fall of itself on to stop z. In this position the two pinions R, R' are both
out of gear, & the table is fixed for the purpose of removing the finished
work, & placing more imposition. By simply acting by hand on lever V¹, the
weight falls on to the stop Z, and the operation then recommences, which
result is obtained by mounting the weight Y below instead of at the centre of

page_text: the lever, as shown in Fig. 1. By the weight Y falling on Z, the pinion R
is caused to gear with pinion U', and as these pinions might not have sufficient
time to gear with each other before they receive any strain which would cause
the teeth to break, I provide for such contingency by making the groove in
the sockets of pinions u, u, much larger than the key u³, said groove being of
a width equal to one half the circumference of the socket, so that the shaft T
must make nearly half a revolution before meeting with resistance from the
pinions which will afford time for the pinions R, U', to properly gear together.
As before mentioned, the table does not directly bear upon the framing, there
being a frame a, a¹, interposed between them for the purpose of lowering the
table and the wood attached to it a fraction of an inch during its return
motion, to prevent the cutters touching the wood until it returns to the starting
point. For this purpose, the under part of the table has blocks or projections
at suitable distances apart, which lodge in spaces of the same form made in
the upper part of the frame, which is a few inches longer than the table;
when the latter is set in motion it rises by sliding on the inclined surfaces of
these projections, and on reaching the end a¹ of this frame, it carries said
frame with it; a similar effect is produced on the return movement, the table
again falling in the spaces of the frame which is not set in motion by it until
the other end of said table reaches the opposite end of the frame, which
arrangement will be found to answer perfectly. A bar a fixed at the front
end of the frame, forming a break at the under part, prevents the frame
moving before the table has reached the end of the frame.
SHARPENING MACHINE.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, represents a side elevation of an apparatus for grinding or
setting the cutters of the machine hercin-before described; Fig. 2, a plan;
Fig. 3, an end view; and Fig. 4, a vertical section on line A, B, Fig. 2; the
Drawings being about one-tenth the real size of the apparatus.
A, framing of wood or cast iron; A¹, cast-iron plate forming the top of the
frame. a, two plates for consolidating the poppet B of the cutter cylinder;
a', two plates for the poppet B¹ of the emery cylinder D; C, cutters to be
ground; c, axis of the cutter cylinder; c', axis of the grinding cylinder ;
E, shaft with screw thread, on part of its length, taking on a nut F depending
from poppet B, & turning in bearings A¹ on the upper part of the frame;
G, shaft on which are mounted the fast and loose pullies II, II, and also a
pulley I for transmitting motion to the grinding cylinder D by means of
pulley J; the strap connecting pullies I and J is furnished with a roller L for
regulating the tension in consequence of the poppet B' requiring to be advanced

page_text: in proportion to the wear of the grinding surface. At the other end of shaft G
is mounted a pinion g, transmitting motion to a shaft M, & thence to the
screwed shaft E in one direction or the other according as the pinion p gears
with the bevil wheels n or n¹; N, hand lever, by means of which said wheels
are geared with pinion p through the intermediation of arm R, this lever is
partially actuated by a rod Q, q, q, provided with stops sliding on the frame;
S, grooved segment, furnished with a cord & balance weight P, seen in
Figs. 2 & 3; this segment as also the band wheel I, t, are mounted on the
axis c of the cutter cylinder in the place of the driving pulley; U, bridge piece
in which one of the arms of catch V engages; X, hand wheel & screw for
regulating the distance of the grinding cylinder D from the blades to be
sharpened; Y, fixed support on which the cutters rest.
ACTION OF THE APPARATUS.
When the blades becomes blunt, the cutter cylinder is lifted out of its
bearings in the planing machine by means of a small pulley running on a rod
suspended from the ceiling of the workshop, for the purpose of preventing
any accidents, & accelerating the operation. The cutter cylinder is then
placed in the bearings of the poppet B, and the caps of said bearings replaced
in position. This being done, the driving pulley is removed, and the parts S & T
substituted for it, one of the cutters resting upon the fixed support Y; the
grinding cylinder D is then brought up to it by the band wheel X, & set in
motion. The poppet B in advancing carries with it the cutter cylinder, the
blade resting on the fixed support Y, being acted on by the counterbalance
weight P in such manner that the cutter cylinder will make a third of a revo-
lution during its course. When the poppet B has advanced sufficiently for
the blade to have passed under the grinding surface, the catch-piece at the
lower part of said poppet come in contact with the screw-stop q, & pushes
the rod forwards, while the latter acts upon lever N & arm R, & dis-
engages the bevil wheel n & pinion p, which stops any further movement of
the poppet. The attendant, by completing the motion of lever N, will cause
the wheels n' & p to gear with one another, and the poppet then commences
its return movement; at the end of its course, the catch again acting on
stop 9, engages the pinion p, & the motion of the poppet is arrested as before,
until the attendant re-establishes the connection in the opposite sense, & so
on. It is thus seen that after each motion in either direction, the poppet
remains stationary until the attendant again sets it in motion, so he is thus
rendered completely master of the operation. When one blade has been
sharpened, a second one is then taken in hand, which is effected as

page_text: follows: In order to turn the cutter cylinder one-third of a revolution for
the purpose of sharpening another blade, the preceding blade must be dis-
engaged from the fixed support Y. This takes place at each to-and-fro motion
of the poppet, which motion is of a few inches more extent than the length
of the cutter cylinder. When the blade under operation has almost escaped
the support Y, the catch V engages in the fork of bridge-piece U, to prevent
the cutter cylinder, acted on by means of a counterbalance weight P, turning too
sharply. If at this moment the blades are required to be changed, it is only
necessary to bear on the horizontal arm of catch V, to disengage the hook with
which it is provided from the hand wheel I, & then turn the latter by means
of handles t, and with it the cutter cylinder until the book of part V meets
with a corresponding hole in a second blade, when the sharpening operation is
repeated as for the first blade, & so on for the remaining blade or blades, and
as above described. In order that the three cutters may be at an exactly equal
distance from the axis of the cutter cylinder which is indispensable for the three
blades to properly work together, they should, towards the close of the
operation, be successively passed a certain number of times very lightly under
the grinding surface, so that any irregularity resulting from the wear of the
grinding surface, or the elasticity of the parts, or other cause, may not make.
any appreciable difference in the form or position of the cutters.
DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS FOR PLANING TIMBER OF GREAT LENGTH.
Figs. 5, 6 & 7, Sheet 2, represent a side elevation, plan, & end view of an
apparatus to be applied to the end of the table (which in this case is fixed)
of the planing apparatus before described, for the purpose of planing long
lengths of wood. This consists of a frame A, of oak or cast iron, on which
are mounted two pairs of feed rollers B, B¹; the blue circle, Fig. 5, above the
framing indicates the position of the cutter cylinder when using this additional
apparatus. C is a roller mounted in elastic bearings D, which bears upon
the wood being planed beneath the counter plate E. Motion is imparted. to
the feed rollers by means of a strap passing over a pulley mounted on the end
of the shaft of the cutter cylinder & wheel & endless screw gearing, as repre-
sented in the Drawing, or in any other way. Such are the essential parts of
this apparatus, by the addition of which a machine with an alternating motion,
as herein-before described, may be converted into an apparatus with con-
tinuous motion. Rollers may be added at each end of the machine for
carrying the wood if required, which being well known, need not be more par-
ticularly described.

page_text: .
The chief improvement in the apparatus is the application of part E &
the arrangement of the roller C, which causes the upper face (viz. the face
acted on by the cutters) to bear against part E in such manner that by
passing the wood several times under the cutter cylinder, the wood may be as
perfectly smoothed as if done by a hand finishing plane. The upper surface 5
of the wood always remains at the same level, which is regulated by the
counterplate E; whatever may be its thickness, the upper feed rollers may
be fixed in consequence, while the lower rollers vary in position according to
the thickness of the wood to be passed through the machine, and are mounted
in elastic bearings.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be pro-
tected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the helical cutting blades mounted on a cylinder with ribs, having the
same curve as the under side of the cutters.
Secondly, the movable plate with cramps, which may be readily fixed at
any part of the table of the machine för securing wood of all lengths within a
certain limit.
Thirdly, the self-acting return motion of the table, & arrangement_for_
stopping the same by means of cramps acting on a lever in such a manner
that the extent of motion of the table is determined by the length of the
material under operation, without requiring any superintendence on the part
of the attendant.
Fourthly, the method of raising or lowering perpendicularly the cutter
cylinder by means of four screws, which are free at their upper parts, and
actuated simultaneously; also fitting the cutter cylinder in bearings sliding in
the uprights, which permits of its removal being readily and rapidly effected,
as also the scale & slide for indicating at all times the height of the cutters
above the table.
f
Fifthly, the lowering of the table during its return motion to prevent the
wood from touching the cutters, as also the arrangement for effecting the
same, which consists of a frame furnished with projections interposed between
the framing & the table.
Sixthly, the application to the cramps of wood brackets to allow of beams
or girders being planed either straight or at any angle required.
Seventhly, sharpening or setting the cutters by means of a special appa-
ratus, consisting of a poppet, to which a to-&-fro motion is imparted, which
is regulated by the attendant; also of an emery surface, which may shift its.
1

page_text: position as it wears away; also of a support on which the cutters to be
sharpened rest, & also of a system of gearing for turning the cutter cylinder
for the purpose of sharpening each of the cutters successively.
Eighthly, the adaptation to the planing machinery with alternate motion,
above described, of a series of feed rollers & apparatus, rendering it applicable
as a machine with continuous motion, also the counterplate, at the under part
of which the wood to be planed bears, by the pressure of a roller mounted in
elastic bearings immediately under the cutter cylinders, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)