IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, ROLLING, DRILLING, SCREWING, MILLING, AND FLUTING METALS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING, SHAPING,
ROLLING, DRILLING, SCREWING, MILLING, AND FLUTING METALS."
Sealed the 18th January 1868, and dated the 31st July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weild at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1862.
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
CUTTING, SHAPING, ROLLING, DRILLING, SCREWING, MILLING, AND FLUTING METALS,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in the arrangement of machinery for
cutting, shaping, drilling, and rolling combined in one machine. This com-
pound machine is more especially adapted for the manufacture of fire-box
stays or bolts for locomotives and other boilers. The action is as follows:-
The rod of copper, iron, or other suitable metal to be operated upon is fed
forward by the attendant at intervals to be compressed between two dies to
form squares, if requisite, at the end of each stay or bolt, while the rod is held
between tho dies, a cutter descends and cuts off the piece forming the stay or
bolt close by the square dies; the piece so cut off drops between three rollers,
two of which are in motion, the other roller has a movement given to it in a
vertical direction by a cam action from the main shaft; such movement allows
the picco forming the stay to get in between the rollers on the top sidė,
and when rolled to drop out from between the rollers on the under side.

page_text: During the operation of rolling drills are brought into operation for centering
the ends.
The second part of my Invention relates to a new method of screwing such
stays in a most perfect and rapid manner, and it consists in giving rotatory
motion to three steel screwed rollers placed near to each other, and revolving
in one direction. I prefer placing them upright, and made taper towards
their upper ends. The blank stay or bolt is guided into the space between
the three rollers; the screw threads cut on their surface, together with the
revolving motion, draws the stay or bolt from the top to the bottom, where
it passes out with a most perfect thread imparted to it by the rolling action it
receives in passing down between the rollers. I also give the rollers a reverse
direction in cases where I cannot pass tho stay or bolt through the rollers on
account of the head being larger that the screwed part.
Thirdly, in the arrangement and construction of a drilling machine, with
one or more drilling heads on one bed; cach head has a separate and inde-
pendent motion in a horizontal and lateral direction, and also an independent
rotatory and vertical action of the drill. This machine is designed more
especially for drilling holes in large and heavy pieces which cannot be con-
veniently moved under the drills.
Fourthly, in certain adaptations and modifications of a machine for manu-
facturing rollers for spinning, for which Letters Patent were granted to me
bearing date the Twentieth September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
nine, No. 2139, and it consists in applying the method of milling flutes in
rollers for spinning, to milling or roughening the surface of rollers to be used
as self-acting temples, and the taking-up rollers in weaving.
Fifthly, in a new method of fluting rollers for preparing and spinning. The
machino for effecting this is provided with dies, through which the roller to be
fluted is forced or drawn; the dies having the reverse of the roller flutes
formed in their inner surface. The roller is first passed through dies with
cutting edges to remove the metal in the grooves of the flutes. The finishing
clie is made as smooth as possible, and without cutting edges, in order to impart
to the roller a perfectly smooth surface. In carrying out this part of my
Invention an ordinary fluting machine may be used to remove the metal
forming the grooves in the flutes, but in so doing I employ an improved
method of making the cutting tool, which is as follows:-I make of steel a
short length of roller fluted to the exact shape and size of the rollers intended
to be produced. I then turn angular grooves around the roller forming teeth.
This roller, when hardened and put in the machine, will act as a cutting tool
against a piece of soft steel of sufficient width to cut one or more flutes or

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Weild in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WEILD, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Weild, Пer special license that I, tho said William
Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any timo agroe with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, ROLLING, DRILLING, SCREWING,
MILLING, AND FLUTING METALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Weild, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to bo filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the dato of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby declare tho
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
The first part of my Invention consists in the arrangement of machinery for
cutting, shaping, and rolling combined in one machine. This compound
machine is moro especially adapted for the manufacture of fire-box stays or
bolts for locomotives and other boilers.
The second part of my Invention relates to an improved arrangement of
machinery for screwing such stays in a most perfect and rapid manner, and it

page_text: consists in giving rotatory motion to three steel screwed rollers placed near to
each other, and revolving in one direction.
Thirdly, in the arrangement and construction of a drilling machine, with
one or more drilling heads on one bed; each head has a separate and inde-
pendent motion in a horizontal and lateral direction, and also an independent
rotatory and vertical action of the drill.
Fourthly, in certain adaptations and modifications of a machine for manu-
facturing rollers for spinning, for which Letters Patent were granted to me
bearing date the Twentieth of September, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-nine, Number 2189, and it consists in applying the method of milling flutes
in rollers for spinning to milling or roughening the surface of rollers to be used
as self-acting temples, and the taking-up rollers in weaving.
Fifthly, in a new method of fluting rollers for preparing and spinning.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying five Sheets
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an elevation in section of a machino for shaping,
cutting, and rolling copper stays or bolts for locomotive or other boilers, or for
shaping, cutting and rolling other metal, for any purpose to which it may be
applicable. Figure 2 is a front elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of the same.
a is the framing supporting the driving shaft b, to which motion is commu-
nicated by steam or other power; the pinion b', keyed on the shaft b, gears
into the wheel c' on the top shaft c, which is provided with three eccentrics; the
eccentric c¹³ is for shaping the bar of metal to be operated upon marked d, the
eccentric c² is for cutting off a portion of the bar, and the eccentric c³, is for
actuating the rocking frame e in which the roller f revolves. The machinery
for shaping the square or other shaped head on the stay or bolt consists of the
fixed lower die g, and the moveable upper die g', screwed to the slide g³,
which is hinged to the link g³, fitting on the eccentric c¹. The machinery for
cutting off the bolt or stay consists of the cutter h screwed to the slide h',
which is connected by the link h³ to the eccentrics, and the machinery for
rolling the stay or bolt consists of the rollers i and 3, which revolve in stationary
bearings, and the roller f revolving as before stated in the swing frame e,
which is actuated by the link e', and eccentric c³, the rollers i and j are made
to revolve in the same direction, as indicated by arrows, by the wheel b³, on
the driving shaft b, gearing into the wheel k, keyed on the cross shaft k³, on
which are fixed the pinions 2 and 3; the former drives the roller i by the
pinion, and the latter drives the roller ; by the pinion j¹. The mode of
operation is as follows:-The rod of copper, iron, or other suitable metal marked

page_text: d is fed forward by the attendant at intervals, the advance of the rod being
arrested by the adjustable stop plato p when the rod has been compressed
between the dies g and g', by which square or other shaped heads are formed
if requisite at the end of each stay or bolt; while the rod is held between the
dies g and g, the cutter h descends and cuts off the piece forming the stay or
bolt close by the square dies, the piece so cut off drops between the threo
rollers f,i, and j; the two latter of which have a rotary motion given to them
as above described, and the roller f has a movement given to it in a vertical
direction by the eccentric &; this vertical motion is so timed that when the
pieco forming the stay or bolt drops the roller is below the centre of the
rollers i and j, and allows the piece forming tho stay or bolt to get in between
the rollers from the top side, and tho roller f in rising compresses and rolls
tho stay or bolt between the three rollers. When the roller f is in its highest
position, the rolled stay or bolt drops out from between the rollers and
falls into a receptacle placed underneath. "
On Sheet 2, Figure 4 represents a transverse section of a machine for
screwing constructed according to my improvements; Figure 5 is a longitudinal
section; and Figure 6 a plan also in section of the same; Figure 7 is a plan of
the screwing rollers.
a is the framing of the machine supporting the cylindrical box 6, provided
with a lid b', and bottom 6, in which the threo steel screwed rollers c, d, and e
revolve; the two former are supported in stationary bushes or bearings, but
the roller e is supported in adjustable bearings, shewn best in Figure 7.
The surfaces of the rollers c, d, and e are screwed with threads of the size
which it is desired to produce on the stays or other articles to be screwed, and
I prefer to make the rollers slightly conical or taper with the smaller diameters
úpwards. The requisite revolving motion is given to the rollers c, d, and e, by
means of the driving shaft f, furnished with a pinion f¹ gearing into the
wheel g' on the shaft g, to the inner end of which is fixed a bevel pinion g³,
gearing into the wheel h³, fixed on the hollow boss h of the internal wheel h¹,
which gears in the pinions c, d, and e', keyed on the axles of the screwed
rollors; or any other convenient arrangement of gearing may be employed for
communicating a uniform rotatory motion to the said rollers. The distance
between the three screwed rollers can be regulated by the hand wheel i, fixed
to a shaft, on which is a pinion gearing into the wheels ", which are
keyed to the screws; the tails of these screws take into holes in the bearings
, to which they are connected by a pin and groove; consequently by turning
the hand wheel i in one direction or tho other the screwed roller is made ot
approach or recede from the rollers c and d. When the distanco or space

page_text: between the three rollers has been adjusted according to the diameter of the
screw to be produced, the blank stay or bolt is guided by the hole in the lid 6',
into the space between the three rollers; the screw threads cut on their
surfaces, together with the revolving motion draws the stay or bolt from the
top to the bottom, when it passes out through the hole in the bottom plate 6
and through the hole in the boss of the internal wheel h', from whence it drops
into a receptacle placed underneath to receive it. The screw blank in passing
down between the rollers c, d, and e, has a perfect thread imparted to it or
indented on its surface by the rolling action of the rollers. When the head of
the stay or bolt to be screwed is larger than the screwed part, I cause the
screwed rollers to revolve alternately in contrary directions, by which means
the stay or bolt is drawn down to the head, or as far as may be required, and
then forced back again.
On Sheet 8, Figure 8 represents a side elevation; Figure 9 an end view;
and Figure 10 a plan of my improved compound drilling machine; Figures 11
and 12 are detached views on an enlarged scale of the drilling headstocks.
a is the foundation plate, furnished with slots, by which and the usual
T-headed bolts, the articles to be drilled are firmly held in position, or the
articles to be drilled may be secured to the brackets a'; to the plate a are cast
or fixed brackets 6 for supporting the standards c, on which the bed d is laid; to
the bed d are fixed, in this instance, three drilling heads, but I wish to remark
that any other convenient number of drilling heads may be employed. Each
drilling head consists of the plate e and frame e'; at one end of the frame c,
are the bearings for the spindlef, and within it is the gearing for giving motion
to the same. The position of each drilling head can be regulated by the hands
wheel g, fixed to the end of the shaft g', on which is a worm gearing into the
worm wheel / fixed to the shaft h' on which is a pinion ³, gearing in the
rack i, fixed to and extending the whole length of the bed d. The rotary
motion is communicated to all the drilling spindles f, by the driving shaft j,
revolving in bearings fixed to the bed, and furnished at one end with a fast and
loose pulley; the shaftj is grooved between the bearings, and on it are mounted
as many mitre wheels as there are drilling heads to the machine; the bosses
of the wheels j revolve in bearings fixed to the plates e, and each wheel has a
key fitting the groove of the shaft j. Each mitre wheel j¹ gears into a
wheel k, fixed to the vertical shaft k³, which revolves in a bush in the plate e,
and at the upper end of the shaft is a mitre wheel, gearing into the
wheel l, which is connected to the horizontal shaft by a key and groove. To
one end of the shaft is keyed the mitre wheel, gearing ito the wheel m,
connected to the cross shaft m¹ by a key and groove; to the cross shaft m
I

page_text: is keyed the set of: speed pulleys m³, which by means of a strap drives the
pulleys n, fixed to the shaft n', to which is also fixed the mitre wheel 12³,
gearing into the wheel o fixed to the boss of the mitre pinion ó', which revolves
in a bush in the framo e'; the bevel pinion o¹ gears into the wheel f', con-
nected to the drilling spindle by a key and groove as usual. The end of the
horizontal shaft revolves in the boss of the pinion o'. The drilling spindle is
moved up or down by hand or power, as now customary in other drilling
machines, and as clearly shown in the Drawing. The frame e' is moved to-and-
fro on tho plato e by means of the hand wheel p' and screw p, which takes
into a nut fixed to the plate e. From the foregoing description it will be
seen that all the drills may driven simultaneously, irrespective of the positions
of the drilling headstocks, and when it is desirable to stop one or more of the
drills without stopping the others, the attendant by drawing forward the rod q
throws the mitro wheel mout of gear with the wheel P. This machine is
designed more especially for drilling holes in large and heavy pieces which
cannot be conveniently moved under the drills.
On Sheet 4, Figure 13 is a front elevation, partly in section, of a
machine for milling or roughening the surface of the taking up rollers
of looms or for self-acting temples. Figure 14 is a transverse section, and
Figure 15 a plan of the same. I wish to observe that this part of my
Invention is merely an adaptation or modification of a machine for manufac-
turing fluted rollers for which former Letters Patent were granted to me on
the Twentieth of September One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nino
Number 2139. The machine is very similar to a self-acting slide lathe. wis
the slide plate which is traversed along the bed, as in ordinary slido lathes
by a screw and nut as shewn, or otherwise; to the plate w is fixed the
adjustable bracket w' for supporting the milling tool w, which for taking
up rollers is similar to that shewn in full size in Figure 17 or 18. To the
plate wis connected the cross slide which serves as a fulcrum for the
lever a, to which the second milling tool is connected; the requisite
pressure is applied to the lever x by the weight y suspended to the longer
arm of the double lever y', whose fulcrum is a shaft supported by the brackets
3 fixed to the under side of the plate w; to the shorter arm of the lever y¹
is connected the link y, which is jointed above to the lever 21. When the
machine is in operation the slide w moves the milling tools gradually from
one end of the roller A to the other, and as the milling tools are sharp at ono
edge and fluted on the periphery as shewn in Figure 17, it is evident that the
pressure upon them will produce spiral and longitudinal grooves on the
periphery of the roller under operation: the slidew is moved to-and-fro

page_text: as often as may be found requisite to produce the roughened surface
desired. When the pressure is to be taken off the milling tools, the attendant
by turning the hand wheel z gives motion to the shaft ', and worm gearing
into the worm wheel fixed to the same shaft as the eccentric, which in
revolving depresses the lever x', and so moves the milling tool 2 out of
contact with the roller A. The screwed stay ³ is jointed to the slide a
and passes through the bracket w', the object of this stay is to bind the slide
and bracket together. In roughening the surface of rollers for self-acting
temples, or other small rollers, I apply two milling tools at one side of the
roller as shewn at Figure 16. Figure 18, represents a milling tool with
small holes in its surface which may be employed for roughening the peri-
pheries of taking up rollers and temples.
On Sheet 5, Figure 19 is a sectional elevation of my improved machine for
fluting rollers for preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous substances,
Figure 20 is a front elevation, and Figure 21 a plan, in section, of the same.
In these views a is the framing or standard; b, an adjustable table which can
bo raised and lowered by the screw c, or otherwise, to the table 6 is fixed
the die d shewn full size in section in Figure 22, and in plan in Figure 23,
the inner surface of the finishing die is made of the reverse shape of the roller
to be fluted and with a perfectly smooth surface, but the preliminary dies have
cutting edges to remove the metal in the grooves of the flutes, any number
of preliminary dies may be employed with gradually increasing projections
on their surface to produce gradually larger grooves between the flutes.
Near the upper part of the frame a is supported the driving shaft e, furnished
with two driving and one loose pulley similar to those employed in planing
machines for giving a to-and-fro motion to the ram or screwed mandrill i.
The bevel pinions e³ and e² on the shafte gear into and drive alternately
the wheel on the shaft f¹, to which is fixed the pinion f' gearing into the
wheel 9, the boss of which revolves in the standard a and forms a nut for
the screw h which is forged with or fixed to the square bar or mandrill i, or
this bar i may be of any other form so that it cannot revolve in the guide a',
to the lower end of the bar i is attached a socket or die ³, for holding the
end of the roller to be fluted, marked B. To the upper end of the screw h,
is fixed the projections h¹, which acts alternately on the adjustable stops on the
starting rod ; the strap fork for the driving pullies and the tumbler lever
by which it is actuated are put in motion by the rod k, as in planing machines
consequently when the machine is started the wheel 9 is turned round a certain
number of revolutions in one direction until it has forced the roller B through
the die d, the projection h¹ then comes in contact with a lower stop on the

page_text: upright rod k, thereby reversing the motion of the wheel j, and drawing up
the mandrill i so alternately raising and lowering the screw hand bar or
mandrill ; the downward motion of the bar or mandrill i forces the roller B
through the die d. In some cases instead of using dies for cutting the grooves
between the flutes an ordinary fluting machine may be employed, but when such
is the case I make use of a cutting tool constructed in the following manner :-
Figures 24 and 25 are two views, drawn full size, of a steel bar or roller C of
the exact diameter and fluted to correspond with the rollers to be produced;
angular grooves are then turned round on the bar or roller C to form teeth
and it is then hardened in tho usual manner; the piece C is then put on
the table of the ordinary fluting machine, and a piece of soft steel of the width
of one or more flutes or teeth is fixed to the cross slide in such wise that when
the machine is in motion the piece C acts as a cutting tool against the soft
piece of steel which when hardened may be used as a tool for producing rollers
the exact counterpart of the original steel roller.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved combination and arrangement of machinery shewn and
described in reference to Sheet 1, for shaping, cutting, and rolling metal.
Secondly, the improved combination and arrangement of machinery shewn
and described in reference to Sheet 2, for making screws on stays, bolts, and
other articles.
Thirdly, tho improved combination and arrangement of machinery for drilling
as shown and described in reference to Sheet 3.
Fourthly, the adaptation of the machine for manufacturing rollers described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Twentieth of Sep-
tember One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, Number 2139, and tho
modifications shewn and described in reference to Sheet 4, for milling or
roughening the surfacos of taking up rollers and self-acting temples.
Fifthly, the improved combination and arrangement of machinery for fluting
rollers as shewn and described in reference to Sheet 5.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.