Improvements in or connected with Ring Spinning Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 15th May,
1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Ring Spinning Machines.
We, WILHELM LENGWEILER and WILHELM KUHN, both of Wangen in
Allgäu, Wurtemberg in the Empire of Germany, Spinningmill Manager and
Technologist respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
in
This invention has for its object a peculiar ring spindle and an arrangement by
means of which on the same spindle large cops, pin cops and pirns may be spun
the form of self actor cops in a similar but economically more advantageous
manner than on the self actor, which was hitherto impossible with ring spinning
machines. The spinning may take place directly on the ring spindles without
the use of wood or paper cones, or ou narrow holders or sheaths extending right
through or on short ones not extending right through, in counts up to No. 60
English inclusive.
This improved universal ring spindle arrangement is shown in the accompanying
drawings in Figures 1-7.
The ring spindle A (Figures 5, 6 and 7) is mounted below in a long bush or
bolster F in such a way that, similarly to a footstep and neck bearing it only bears
against the bolster at top and bottom. This carrying bolster F is formed at the
top with a spherical projection f and is suspended by this in a spindle holder or
socket, E, which is screwed fast to the spinning frame H in the ordinary way by
means of a nut e. This ball joint in combination with a spring g arranged at the
lower part of the bolster F has for its object to equalize any pressure exerted by
the spindle cord on the bell. By this means the wear and tear of the bearings is
reduced and especially an extremely quiet running of the spindle is produced..
A bell B with whorl b is fixed on the spindle, and an annular recess is formed in
the lower projection of the said whorl, in which recess an annular projection e
of the spindle socket or holder E engages. The bolster F for the purpose of
lubricating the spindle A is provided with a number of holes o o¹ o² o³ through
which the lubricant can reach all the necessary points of the spindle A from the
socket E or through openings in the spherical projection f.
Any rotation of the bearing F is prevented by the spring 9 attached thereto,
which spring engages in a groove of the holder or socket E.
Any unintentional lifting or rising of the spindle is prevented by a wire loop M
revolubly mounted at one side of the spindle socket or holder, the point
m of which
loop engages over the whorl b, the excess weight m³ of the loop rendering more
difficult any lifting of the spindle.
The lubrication of the spindle is effected, after the bell B and spindle have been
raised, by pouring the lubricant into the annular channel formed by the projection e¹
in the socket E, which channel communicates with the lower hollow part of the
socket by means of small openings. All the impurities in the oil or lubricant may
accumulate in the lower part of the spindle socket so that the troublesome
pumping out only needs to be effected after long periods of working and at most.
once every three months. The upper dimensions of the spindle are similar to those
of self actor spindles, that is to say the part projecting above the bell B is about
170 millimetres in length and 10 millimetres in thickness at the bottom, and
5 millimetres at top, and the spindle is so adjusted that its point lies only about
15. millimetres below a suitable thread guide w.

page_text: For spinning large and small cops in the form of self actor cops the traveller
rings C and C have a clear diameter of only 35 millimetres for large (32 mm.)
cops and 25 millimetres for small (22 mm.) cops. As the thread guide stands
only 15 millimetres above the spindle and as small rings are used, small oscillations
result, that is to say such a small ballooning of the thread, that breakages of the
thread are avoided even with the softest stocking or knitting yarns.
This has
been confirmed by exhaustive experiments.
In the outwardly equal sized ring bushes U and U for these rings, a slot is
formed in the usual manner so that they are compressible and have a spring
action and may be conveniently replaced or interchanged whilst being automatically
held sufficiently firmly on being inserted in the ring frame.
If smaller cops such for instance as pin-cops, or pirns are to be spun, a thicker
ring socket or bush U with a smaller ring C₁ only 25 millimetres in width is
inserted, whilst the same spindle is used. In spinning pirns a paper sleeve
tapering at the top is placed on the spindle, on which the ordinary thin paper
holder or tube is placed.
In order to make large and small cops in the form of self-actor-cops on a ring
spinning machine, a further apparatus shown in Figures 1-4 is necessary in
addition to the above spindle and ring arrangement.
The self actor cops have as is well known a winding surface similar to the
outer surface of a cone and each two winding layers are separated from one another
by a separating layer (spiral) of greater pitch. Firmness and tightness are
further obtained by the points being compressed by a hard winding, and in order
to increase the capability of resistance, the layers increase in height to about the
centre of the yarn cop, that is up to the finish of the projection from whence they
gradually diminish until the cop is completed. The size and dimensions of
self-actor-cops may be adapted to the actual purposes, thus for instance large cops
for knitted goods, warps or the like, small cops for insertion and wefts, and pirns
for weaving backing material.
Self-actor-cops also show evenness of the thread as regards twist and tension.
The largest truncated conical height of the cop may be taken as 60 millimetres
in the centre of the body of the cop (after the lower projection is completed) and
as 45 millimetres at top.
Further in making the separating layer (between two coiled layers) the pitch
of the same must be for instance four times as great as in the coil layers.
Thus on each winding on and winding off of the cop, % of the thread length
will fall to the coiled layer and to the dividing layer. The winding layer is
formed during the rise of the carriage, the dividing layer on the descent of
the same.
+
r
The ring spinning rail D on which the rings C C¹ with the travellers care
conveniently removably mounted is as usual mounted on a vertical shaft d adjustable
in a guide sheath or bolster D'. The shaft d rests with its foot plate d¹ on a
roller carried by one arm of an elbow lever Q, a projection q¹ on the other arm
of said lever being connected by means of a chain R' with a chain wheel r'.
A second and larger chain wheel is mounted on the same shaft as the first named
chain wheel r³, and a second chain R is attached to this second wheel and is carried
over a winding up wheel S which by means of a worm wheel S' mounted on the
same spindle s2, a worm s¹ and a ratchet wheel T, the pawl of which is not
however shown in the drawing, draws the chain R after each winding on or winding
off of a cop thread layer, and correspondingly raises the ring rail D. The winding
on wheel S and its rotating device are mounted at the end of a lever N which is
revolubly mounted at the other end on a pin n. This lever N is moved up and
down at each cop layer by means of a cain.
So far this apparatus does not differ from those hitherto employed for making
ordinary cops on the ring spinning machine.
In order however to obtain the self-actor cop-form, the method of moving the
lever N up and down must be a peculiar one. In the upward movement of the

page_text: the cop.
ring rail an even winding of the conical shaped cop takes place, whilst in the down-
ward movement, the intermediate layer (spiral) with greater pitch is wound on
As each cop layer on the base of the truncated cone requires a longer
time for winding than previously, the form of the cam disc L must be such that
the descent of the lever N, which corresponds to a lifting of the ring rail Dis
greater according to the greater diminution of the diameter of the winding cone.
In the formation of the separating layer of the cop on the other hand, in which
the lever N rises and the ring rail D descends, the latter must descend gradually
slowing off compared with the rising of the ring rail, but four times as quickly.
The ring rail D' rises and falls once to each revolution of the cam disc L. The
winding on layer of the cop during the rising of the ring rail D requires four
times longer time than the dividing or separation layer: therefore, in one entire
revolution of the cam that is 360°, four-fifths or 288° are necessary for the
winding on layer and only one-fifth or. 72° for the dividing layer.
As the speed of rotation of the cam L is an even one, one winding coil on the
lower larger diameter of the truncated cone shaped cop layer corresponds to a
greater angle suitable to the greater diameter of this layer, than one winding on
the upper smaller diameter of the cop layer: the angular diminution on the
eccentric is a regular one corresponding to the separate diminishing coils.
The form of the cam disc L is obtained as follows: If for instance the total
angle of 288° which stands at disposal on the cam L for forming the winding
coils of the cop, be divided into 26 dissimilar but equally diminishing parts and
equal increases of radii be assumed for these parts, and if the larger part of the
angle be indicated by y', the largest diameter of the cop by w¹, the smallest
angley and the smallest diameter w² respectively then
21
(32+22)
If for instance w' be taken, in making composite cops of large and small cops,
to equal the mean of their different diameters, that is to say
5 =27 millimetres, w² 8 millimetres, then
=
=
. As the radial increase is equal for each angle an unequally rising spiral is
obtained for the form of the cam L.
The curve on the cam L for forming the separating layer is found in a similar
manner, in this case the angles correspondingly increase, and the result is a cam of
a spiral of four times greater pitch than the one previously described.
The form of the cam as a whole thus consists of two spirals put together of
unequal pitch, one of which assumes and the other of the total angle of the
cam disc.

page_text: The maximum eccentricity of the cam is obtained from the maximum winding
height of the compound cop (assumed to be 60 millimetres) and also from the
proportions of transfer of the lever and wheels for the chain by means of which
the ring rail is raised and lowered.
In order that at the end of the upward movement and at the commencement of
the downward one the threads, as in self-actor cops, may be drawn down sharply
over the point and thereby wound steeper and more firmly with the object of
assisting, by means of the interwound intermediate spiral, the obtaining of a firm
cop, the cam L is given a sharp point at the point of transfer from the upward to
the downward movement, that is to say the said eccentric has a rapid rise at the
end of the upward movement and a corresponding rapid fall at the commencement
of the downward movement.
When one layer has been formed that is to say when the ring rail has completed
one upward and downward movement, the chain winding up-wheel S, is rotated by
means of wormwheel S', worm s¹ and ratchet wheel T by the latter being pushed
forward, whereby a piece of the chain R is drawn in.
In order to effect somewhat more quickly the formation of the swell of the cop,
a projection is arranged in the ordinary manner on the larger chain wheel r,
which projection is adapted to press the chain R outwards and thereby diminish
the movement of the ring rail from the commencement of the swell to its
completion. As at each cop-layer the same given length of yarn is wound up
immaterially of how large the diameter and movement of the cop layer may be and
the ring rail has at first a slower upward movement, a larger quantity of yarn is
wound up at each layer on the sheath or tube at the cominencement of the
formation of the swell, than before. A greater thickness of layers is thereby
attained which becomes gradually smaller until on the completion of the swell it is
quite even over the whole cone surface and then gradually increases in consequence
of the movement of the cop layers becoming smaller.
In order that the cops shall have below a conical instead of an oval form and in
the centre a cylindrical form, the ring rail must at first be moved upward more
rapidly, the said movement gradually diminishing up to the completion of the swell
and then again somewhat increasing until the completion of the cop. This is
effected by means of a special form of the chain winding wheel S. This wheel has
a radially projecting catch or studs to which the winding up chain R is attached
in such a way that on the commencement of the formation of the swell of the cop
the end of the chain lies in the axial horizontal plane of the wheel. If the
wheel S be then rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figures 1 and 4;
a more rapid lift of the ring rail D takes place at the first until the bulge or swell
of the cop is completed. In order then that the cop may retain an outward
cylindrical form, the lift of the ring rail must take place somewhat faster. This is
effected by the wheel S having a cam-form between the points II and III, that is
to say a gradually increasing radius.
2"
The gradual shortening of the lift of the cop layers upwards from 60 to
44 millimetres is attained by means of a guide support P for the chain R between
the chain roller and the winding up wheel S. This support P has an angular
slot p p', the upper part p of which is elliptical in form in order not to cause any
extension of the length of the chain so long as the guide pin 2 of the chain
lies therein, whilst the lower slot pl has an inclined position. The chain R is
guided by means of a pin or stud working in this slot. As long as the swell of
the cop is being formed, the pin lies in the upper part p of the slot even when
the lever N stands at its lowest position. On the further winding up of the
chain R on the wheel S after completion of the cop swell, the pin at the end of
the movement of the layer comes deeper into the slot p' and consequently the
chain guided in the support P forms gradually an always greater angle until at
last it becomes straight. The chain is thereby extended in the lowest position of
the lever N whilst the rise of the ring rail is smaller, that is to say the movement
of the cop layers is smaller.

page_text: The extension of the chain Ris calculated as follows:-
"
Corresponding to the radii of the chain rollers and r, the chain R has a longer
course to make than the chain R¹ and than the ring rail. The initial shortening of
the chain R must therefore amount to so much that the extension of the chain R
at the end of the formation of the cop equals 15 millimetres. If for instance the
distance between the wheels and s 450 millimetres and wheel r has a diameter
of 100 millimetres and wheel r¹ of 80 mm. the initial shortening of the chain must.
100
amount to
80
15=
18 millimetres and the slot deflection =
468 450 = 64
millimetres.
According to the higher or lower count of the yarn a larger or smaller ratchet
wheel T is employed and the ratchet movement may be diminished or increased.
If small cops such for instance as those shown in Figure 6 are to be spun, the
ratchet movement must be suitably altered to correspond with the smaller diameter
and the ring rail placed higher by means of the pinion and toothed segment H
gearing therewith. By suitably turning the pinion the segment H₁ will be
raised and therewith also the chain wheels r mounted on said segment. This.
upward movement will consequently be transmitted through the chain R' to the
elbow lever Q which with its lower arm will raise the shaft d and thereby adjust
the ring rail D according to the required size of the cop. Smaller rings must also.
be inserted in the ring rail and the angle of winding up on the wheel S must be
made suitably smaller. A smaller swell and thinner cop is thus produced and also
a lesser diminution of lift during the formation of the swell and a point is produce 1
as in large cops.
The thread tension is also more favourable than before as the ballooning has.
become smaller owing to the smaller traveller rings and the pull of the traveller
is equally as effective as before as the angles of deflection of the thread are
scarcely altered.
Thus by means of the arrangements herein before described, namely, the peculiar
ring spindles and ring arrangement, the peculiar winding up cam, the peculiarly
shaped,chain-winding-up wheel and the compulsory guidance of the chain R, it is.
possible to spin on the same spindle in ring spinning machines all kinds of cops of
similar construction and form to self-actor cops on holders which extend right
through or shorter hoiders which do not, whilst producing the best thread possible,
and thereby to obtain important economic advantages.
For instance the production, by means of this improved universal ring spinning.
machine, per spindle in 11 hours is 12-5 English hanks, with a number of
revolutions of 7388 per minute for No. 20 Macco yarn (i.e. yarn from Egyptian
cotton with 11-18 revolutions per English inch.
On the self actor on the contrary with yarn of similar count and twist with.
9226 revolutions of the spindles, only 6.25 English hanks per spindle and day of
11 hours can be produced.
As breakages of thread in this machine are almost entirely avoided, a girl with
a daily wage of from m. 1.80 to 2 marks can alone conveniently attend to 500 such
spindles.
On the other hand for two self actors each having 800 spindles, the following
operatives are necessary, oue spinner with a daily wage of 3 marks, two piecers.
at m. 1-60 each and one winder at m. 1-10 or together m. 7.30.
The half kilogramme of No. 20 yarn costs therefore when spun on the universal
ring spindle machine 676 pfennige and on the self actor 1.622 pfennige. The cost
of spinning on this improved ring spinning machine is thus considerably lower than
on the self actor.
Even as against the usual ring spinning machines, the cost of manufacture of
this machine is by this improved arrangement considerably reduced, as the anti-
ballooning plates or wires necessary in the older ring spindles, are here dispensed
with.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. The improvement in or connected with ring spinning machines to adapt them
for making cops of various sizes similar to self-actor cops, characterized by the
ordinary ring rail traverse being effected by means of a peculiarly shaped cam (L)
in such a way that for each cop layer, on the rise of the ring rail, a layer of
yarn is evenly wound in the form of a truncated cone, the descent on the contrary
being more quickly effected and only forming an intermediate layer with a larger
pitch (spiral) which prevents tangling, said cam at the part corresponding to the
change from the slow rise to the rapid fall being further formed to a point adapted to
rapidly increase the rise and suddenly produce the fall, the thread at the highest
point of each cop layer being thus drawn down sharply over the point and the
point thereby made firmer, thus assisting in preventing any tangling of the thread
when being drawn off substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
2. The improvement in ring spinning machines such as described with the
object of keeping the lower part of the cop conical and straight instead of
elliptical, which consists in providing the winding up wheel (S) with a projecting
piece (s) to which the winding up chain (R) is fastened in such a way that on the
formation of the swell of the cop the constant upward movement of the ring rail
is increased and becomes gradually smaller up to the completion of the swell
substantially as described.
3. In a ring spinning machine such as described with the object of diminishing
the height of the cop layers from the swell up to the finish, whilst still main-
taining the outside cylindrical form of the cop, a slotted support (P) for
compulsorily guiding the chain (R) in such a way that as soon as the swell of the
cop is completed the guide pin (2) of the chain in the actually highest position
of the ring rail reaches the inclined part (p') of the slot of the support (P) so
that in the subsequent chain movements the pin gradually passes into the lower
part (¹) of the slot, whereby the chain R is extended and the movement of the
ring rail thereby shortened, whilst for maintaining the cylindrical form of the cop
the winding-up wheel (S) is made of cam-form directly behind its projection (s)
(the radii becoming somewhat larger) with the object of compensating by a rapid
lift of the ring rail the greater winding produced by the smaller lift of the cop,
substantially as described.
4. In a ring spinning machine such as described with the object of enabling
large and small cops in the form of self-actor cops to be made on the same
spindle, a further device consisting of a universal ring spindle, the lower extended
spindle part of which is mounted in a bolster (F) which hangs with its upper
spherical or ball shaped projection (f) in the ball joint of a socket or holder (E)
screwed to the spindle frame (H), the part of the spindle (A) which extends
above the part (B) having the form of a self-actor spindle (170 millimetres in
length and 10 tapering to 5 millimetres in thickness); ring sockets (u u¹) con-
veniently removable in the ring rail (D) and adapted to receive different sized
traveller-rings (C C'); and thread guides arranged near (about 15 millimetres
from) the upper ends of the spindles, whereby small oscillations and small ballooning
of the thread is produced, and it is rendered possible to spin even soft twisted yarns
in counts up to No. 60 inclusive, with cop winding, on narrow tubes or holders
running right through or short ones not running right through, that is to say,
cops of any suitable size in form and construction like self actor cops substantially
as described.
Dared this 28th der of Ian 1007
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.