A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING & CERTAIN MATERIAL, WHEREBY AWARE MIGHT BE MADE OF THE SAME NATURE OR KIND, AND EQUAL TO, IF NOT EXCEEDING IN GOODNESS AND HEAUTY, CHINA OR PORCELAIN WARE IMPORTED FROM ABROAD
Year: 1744

page_text: HEYLYN & FRYE'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HEYLYN, in the Parish of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, and
THOMAS FRYE, of the Parish of Westham, in the County of Essex, Painter,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Second, by His
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixth day of December, in the eighteenth year of His
reign, reciting that whereas we, the said Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye,
had, by our Petition, humbly represented unto His said Majesty that we had,
at a considerable expence of time and money in trying experiments, applyed
ourselves to find out a method for the improvement of the English earthenware,
and had at last invented and brought to perfection "A NEW METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING & CERTAIN MATERIAL, WHEREBY AWARE MIGHT BE MADE OF THE
SAME NATURE OR KIND, AND EQUAL TO, IF NOT EXCEEDING IN GOODNESS AND HEAUTY,
CHINA OR PORCELAIN WARE IMPORTED FROM ABROAD;" which Invention we, the
Petitioners, apprehended would be of vast advantage to the kingdom, as it
would not only save large sums of money that were yearly paid to the Chinese
and Saxons, but also imploy large numbers of men, women, and children;
and that as many and as great benefits would arise therefrom to this nation,
as from the woolen or iron manufactories, in proportion to the numbers of
people that would be employed therein, His Majesty did therefore, of His
especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, give and grant unto us,
the said Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye, our extors, admors, & assigns,
His especial licence, full power, sole priviledge & authority, to make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend our said Invention in that part of Great Britain called
England, Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, to hold
to us, the said Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye, our extors, admors, and
assigns, fr the term of fourteen years from the date of the said recited
Letters Patent. In which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisne,
that if we, the sail Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye, should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
and of what materials the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing,
under our bands and seals, or the hand and seal of one of us, and cause the
same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within four
calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent; that then
the said Letters Patent, and the libertys and advantages thereby granted,
should cease and be void, as in and by the same Letters Patent (relation being
thereunto had) may more at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye,
in pursuance of the said provisoe, contained in the said recited Letters Patent,
do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner and of what material the same is to be performed, as herein-after
is mentioned (that is to say):-
The material is an earth, the produce of the Chirokee nation in America,
called by the natives unaker, the propertys of which are as follows, videlicet,
to be very fixed, strongly resisting fire and menstrua, is extreamly white,
tenacious, and glittering with mica. The manner of manufacturing the
said material is as follows:-Take uuaker, and by washing seperate the
sand and mica from it, which is of no use; take pott ash, fern ash,
pearl ash, kelp, or any other vegetable lixiviall salt, one part of sands,
flints, pebbles, or any other stones of the vitryfying kind; one other part of
these two principles form a glass in the usual manner of making glass, which
when formed reduce to an impalpable powder. Then mix to one part of this
powder two parts of the washed unaker, let them be well worked together
until intimately mixed for one sort of ware; but you may vary the proportions
of the unaker and the glass; videlicet, for some parts of porcelain you may use
one half unaker and the other half glass, and so in different proportions, till
you come to four unaker and one glass; after which knead it well together,
and throw it on the wheel, cast it into moulds, or imprint it into utensills, orna-
ments, &c.; those vessells, ornaments, &c., that are thrown, should be afterwards
turned on a lathe and burnished, it will then be in a situation to be put into
the kiln and burned with wood, care being taken not to discolour the ware,
otherwise the process will be much hurt. This first burning is called biscuiting,

page_text: which, if it comes out very white, is ready to be painted blue, with lapis lazuli,
lapis armenis, or zapher, which must be highly calcined and ground very fine.
It is then to be dipt into the following glaze:-Take unaker forty pounds, of
the above glass ten pounds, mix and calcine them in a reverberatory; then
reduce, and to each pound when reduced add two pounds of the above glass,
which must be ground fine in water, and left of a proper thickness for the ware
to take up a sufficient quantity. When the vessells, ornaments, &c. are dry,
put them into the kiln in cases, burn them with a clean wood fire, and when
the glaze runs true lett out the fire, and it is done, but must not be taken out
of the kiln till it is thorough cold.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye, have
hereunto sett our hands and seals, this Fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty-five.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stampt), in the presence of
THO. SHERMAN.
EDWD (Ls.) HEYLYN.
THO (L.B.) FRYE.
DAN. FENDEN.
CHA' HEYLYN.
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the said Fifth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty-five above said, the
aforesaid Edward Heylyn and Thomas Frye came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the above Instrument, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Instrument aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King & Queen
William and Mary of England, & so forth.