IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henderson, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the
County of York, Carpet Manufacturer, and James Broadley, of the same
Place, Overlooker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
Sealed the 24th January 1862, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chan-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henderson and
James Broadley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd August 1861.
We, JOHN HENDERSON, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Carpet Manufacturer, and JAMES BROADLEY, of the same Place, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to an adaptation or combination of means to
facilitate the manufacture of carpets and other pile fabrics.
When weaving carpets and other pile fabrics by the aid of longitudinal wires
the front or point ends of which are constantly in the loops of the last formed of
the fabric being woven, we find it a great advantage to form such parts of
the wires broad and flattened horizontally, preferring a plain under surface
and curved upper surface, the edges of adjoining wires coming as close as
practicable to each other, such broad or flattened part beginning at a distance

page_text: from the part of the wire where the pile is formed sufficient to admit of the free
working of the reed in beating up; and we also apply a steam box or other
suitable heating means to the under side of the fabric still on the wires. By
these means the loops are better set and increased surface finish is obtained.
A steam box or other heating apparatus so applied is also applicable to
the weaving of pile fabrics made in the ordinary manner by means of
transverse wires.
Also when using longitudinal pile wires of the character referred to in the
Specification of a Patent granted to Frederick William Mowbray, dated the
21st day of May, 1855, No. 1138, we form such wires with nibs or projections
standing up from their upper parts to facilitate the correct laying over of the
pile warps when they have been shifted sideways to the extent desired by the
means adopted for that purpose, and we apply a sliding bar to the front of the
batten and immediately above the pile wires, with points descending down-
wards to receive the pile warps as they are raised between them, and then by
endway motion given to such bar in the direction desired to effect the sideway
shifting, the nibs to the wires keeping the pile warp threads in correct relation as
those threads descend from the points. The descent of the threads taking place
when the dents of the reed are in close proximity with the nibs on the wires.
We also attach to the hand rail of the lathe a moveable shell, which receives
the upper rib of the beating-up reed, and being actuated in a lateral direction,
causes the reed to remain stationary for a short time at a point near the nibs
on the pile wires, the lathe being at the same time uninterrupted in its motion.
More time is thus afforded for the pile warp threads to pass from the sliding
bar of points, down the dents of the reed into the pile wires, while the reed
and the nibs on the wires are in their proper relative position. By this means
the crossing of the pile warp threads is effected more securely.
The improvements also relate to means for the laying in of extra transverse
or ornamental weft or surface thread, for the purpose of obtaining ornament in
figures at certain parts of the surface of the fabric being woven, such as is
now effected by what are commonly called "swivel motions."
According to one arrangement, each thread to be so laid in is carried by a
bobbin supported by arms operated simultaneously and in such manner that
each bobbin will be taken under the selected warps by one of a pair of arms
and there delivered to or taken by the other, other arms or releasers being
employed to facilitate the change. These pairs of arms are carried by
a sliding bar capable of endway motion to bring the parts into the position
desired.

page_text: By another adaptation, the threads to be introduced are passed through
heddles or healds or such like means, operated by jacquard or pattern surface
adapted to raise such threads into position to be taken by hooks and thereby
drawn under the selected warps. Such hooks being attached to a bar capable
of motions given to cause the hooks, when required, to pass under the selected
warps and take hold of these surface or ornamental threads. There may be
several sets of these surface or ornamental threads of different colors or kinds
separately operated, so that either set may be brought into position to be
taken by the hooks. These hooks may also be arranged to operate by turning
on axes.
By another adaptation the threads to be introduced in pattern are carried
by bobbins, by preference somewhat of the form of balls, and there are places
provided to receive them in the batten under the warps. When these threads
are desired to be introduced, the warps over which they are to pass are lowered,
and the bobbins are raised out of these recesses, and carried or thrown across
such warps to fall into the other receptacles, and they are carried back again
by being raised and actuated as required.
By another adaptation the bobbins are each carried by a segment which is
traversed in a curved groove so as to pass to-and-fro between the warps as
desired, such curved groove being open at the part where the warps lie.
Also the improvements relate to arranging the parts of jacquard apparatus
that one card may serve for two or more motions. For this purpose there are
two or more sets of needles and hooks to each instrument operated by them,
and the cards are perforated at the parts only required for the present action,
or missing the other parts of each card, being perforated only for the succeeding
motion or motions, and there are plates adapted to come into position for acting
upon stops to hold the needles operating the rotary shuttle boxes or other parts
when the motion to the card does not correspond exactly with that of such
box or other part.
Also the improvements relate to forming the picker spindle continuous from
box to box in front of the batten, so as to avoid the necessity for supports
thereto at the inner end of each box as required by the present practice of
using a separate picker spindle to each box, by which means saving in wear of
pickers is effected.
Also the improvements relate to substituting for the wire bars of the grates
acting with weft forks strands of india-rubber or other elastic material so as
to prevent breakage of the weft.
Also the improvements relate to the introduction of steel or other wire or

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said John Henderson
and James Broadley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HENDERSON, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Carpet
Manufacturer, and JAMES BROADLEY, of the same Place, Overlooker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Henderson and James Broadley, Her special licence that we,
the said John Henderson and James Broadley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Henderson and James
Broadley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said John Henderson and James Broadley, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate first to an adaptation or combination of means to
facilitate the manufacture of carpets and other pile fabrics.

page_text: When weaving carpets and other pile fabrics by the aid of longitudinal
wires, the front or point ends of which are constantly in the loops of the last
formed of the fabric being woven, we find it a great advantage to form such
parts of the wires broad and flattened horizontally, preferring a plain under
surface and a curved upper surface, the edges of adjoining wires coming as close
as practicable to each other, such broad or flattened part beginning at a
distance from the part of the wire where the pile is formed sufficient to admit
of the free working of the reed in beating up, and we also apply a steam box
or other suitable heating means to the under side of the fabric still on the
wires. By these means the loops are better set and increased surface finish is
obtained. A steam box or other heating apparatus so applied, is also applicable
to the weaving of pile fabrics made in the ordinary manner by means of
transverse wires.
Also when using longitudinal pile wires of the character referred to in the
Specification of a Patent granted to Frederick William Mowbray, dated the
21st day of May 1855, No. 1133, we form such wires with nibs or projections
standing up from their upper parts to facilitate the correct laying over. of the
pile warps when they have been shifted sideways to the extent desired by the
means adopted for that purpose, and we apply a sliding bar to the front of the
batten; and immediately above the pile wires with points descending down-
wards to receive the pile warps as they are raised between them, and then by
endway motion given to such bar in the direction desired to effect the sideway
shifting, the nibs to the wires keeping the pile warp threads in correct relation,
as those threads descend from the points. The descent of the threads taking
place when the dents of the reed are in close proximity with the nibs on the
wires.
We also attach to the hand rail of the lathe a moveable shell, which receives
the upper rib of the beating up reed, and being actuated in a lateral direction,
causes the reed to remain stationary for a short time at a point near the nibs.
on the pile wires; the lathe being at the same time uninterrupted in its motion..
More time is thus afforded for the pile warp threads to pass from the sliding
bar of points down the dents of the reed into the pile wires, while the reed and
the nibs on the wires are in their proper relative position. By this means the
crossing of the pile warp threads is effected more securely.
The improvements relate, secondly, to means for the laying in of extra
transverse or ornamental weft or surface thread, for the purpose of obtaining
ornament in figures at certain parts of the surface of the fabric being woven,
such as is now effected by what are commonly called "swivel motions."

page_text: According to one arrangement the threads to be introduced are passou
through heddles or healds, or such like means, operated by jacquard or pattern
surface adapted to raise such threads into position to be taken by hooks, and
thereby drawn under the selected warps. Such hooks being attached to a bar
capable of motions given to cause the hooks, when required, to pass under the
selected warps, and take hold of these surface or ornamental threads. There
may be several sets of these surface or ornamental threads of different colours
or kinds separately operated, so that either set may be brought into position to
be taken by the hooks; these hooks may also be arranged to operate by
turning on axes.
According to another arrangement, each thread to be so laid in, is carried
by a bobbin supported by arms operated simultaneously, and in such manner
that each bobbin will be taken under the selected warps by one of a pair of
arms, and there delivered to or taken by the other; other arms or releasers
being employed to facilitate the change. These pairs of arms are carried by a
sliding bar, capable of endway motion to bring the parts into the position
desired.
By another adaptation, the bobbins are each carried by a segment, which is
traversed in a curved groove, so as to pass to and fro between the warps as
desired, such curved groove being open at the part where the warps lie.
By another adaptation the threads to be introduced in pattern are carried by
bobbins, by preference somewhat of the form of balls, and there are places
provided to receive them in the batten under the warps. When these threads
are desired to be introduced, the warps over which they are to pass are lowered,
and the bobbins are raised out of these recesses and carried or thrown across
such warps to fall into the other receptacles, and they are carried back again
by being raised and actuated as required.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to arranging the parts of jacquard apparatus
that one card may serve for two or more motions. For this purpose there are
two or more sets of needles and hooks to each instrument operated by them,
and the cards are perforated at the parts only required for the present action,
or missing the other parts of each card, being perforated only for the succeeding
motion or motions, and there are plates adapted to come into position for
acting upon stops to hold the needles operating the rotary shuttle boxes or
other parts, when the motion to the card does not correspond exactly with that
of such box or other part.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to forming the picker spindle continuous
from box to box in front of the batten, so as to avoid the necessity for supports

page_text: thereto at the inner end of each box, as required by the present practice of
using a separate picker spindle to each box, by which means saving in wear of
pickers is effected.
Fifthly, the improvements relate to substituting for the wire bars of the
5 grates acting with weft forks, strands of india-rubber or other elastic material,
so as to prevent breakage of the weft.
Sixthly, the improvements relate to the introduction of steel or other wire
or metal in the warp in weaving fabric for crinoline adapted to produce the
required stiffening effect.
But that the Invention may be better understood, we will proceed, aided by
the accompanying Drawings to describe means which we have found to answer
in carrying the various improvements into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a section of parts of a loom arranged to weave carpets
according to improvements under the first head of Invention; Figure 2
shows one of the improved longitudinal pile wires separately; Figure 3 shows
a cross section of one of these wires at the point end on an enlarged scale, the
better to show the sectional form thereof, which we prefer for them at the
part upon which the pile loops are formed. Under these parts we apply the
steam box a as shown by Figure 1, or it may be other heating means adapted
to communicate heat to the newly-formed fabric, and thereby set the pile loops
whilst on the wires, as well as to increase the lustre of the fibre composing
such pile.
The longitudinal pile wires 6, it will be seen are formed with nibs or eleva-
tions at 6, the object of which is that when the pile warps which have been
selected for the formation of the next series of loops over the pile wires have
been raised, and by means of the combs c, or by other suitable means, those
pile warps have been conducted sideways in order to their passing down on
the other side of such wires from that on which they were raised, by which
correct crossing of the threads over the wires for the formation of pile with
such wires will be secured.
By the bar of combs or points c, being applied as shown in these Figures
in front of the batten, the selected pile warps will be conducted over the
respective nibs or projections 6' with greater certainty.
Figure 4 shews an end view partly in section of batten and parts acting with
it; Figure 5, front view of part of the same. The bar of point c is supported in
brackets c, carried by the top or hand rail of the batten, and the desired end-

page_text: way motion is given to it by a cam or tappet c² on the tappet shaft acting upon
one end of the lever c*, which turns upon the fixed axis c³, and at its other
end is by the link connected to the lower end of the lever c, which turns
upon the pin c, carried by one of the lay swords, and at its upper end is
connected by pin joint c to the bar of points c.
'
Figure 6 shows another section of parts of a loom arranged under this head
of the Invention, with the bar of points for controlling the sideway motion of
the selected pile warps placed behind the batten as heretofore, and there is a
bar or rod d extending over the series of warps, and carried at its ends by the
outer ends of lever arms d', which turn upon axes d², and at their other ends
are operated by cams or tappets d' on the crank shaft. The object of this bar
is, that when the required pile warps have been selected and laid over the
nibs 6 of the wires b, it may by pressing simultaneously on all of them, carry
them uniformly down between the respective wires, and keep them there until
followed by the motion of the jacquard, by which means a quick descending
motion to the jacquard is rendered unnecessary.
upper
Figure 7 shows a section of a batten separately, with the hand or top rail e
formed hollow to receive a moveable shell f to allow of play to the rib
of the reed f¹, and the reed is capable of moving on its lower rib f2. The
shell is formed with projections f³, which pass through the back part of the
hand or top rail e, and by means of springs f* thereon, have a tendency to
keep the shellf with the upper part of the reed against the back of the hand
or top rail until in the back motion of the batten the ends of the projections f³
come against stops fs, carried by the main framing of the loom, when although
the batten continues to move backwards in the rotation of the crank shaft,
the upper portion of the reed will be stopped in its motion near the nibs of the
wires to facilitate the laying of the selected pile warp threads over those nibs.
Although these improvements are shown adapted to the weaving of carpets,
they are also applicable to the weaving of other pile fabrics.
a is
Figure 8 shows a section, and Figure 9 a plan of parts of a loom with adap-
tations thereto according to one modification of the second part of the improve-
ments. Figures 10 and 11 show some of the parts on a larger scale.
the crank, and b, the tappet shaft; c, the warp; and d, the work beam.
e, e, are the two parts of the 'shed shown open, and which are operated by
jacquard or other suitable means, so that some of them may be operated inde-
pendently as hereafter explained. The red lines f indicate threads to be used
as ornamental or figuring threads, by being introduced by looping them into
the weaving at intervals determined upon for the purpose of ornamentation.

page_text: In the Plans, Figures 9 and 10, the parts supposed to have been ornamented
by the application of the improvements are indicated at fr. The threads fare
of silk, or they may be of other suitable material, and are supplied from sepa-
rate bobbins f, and when not required to work in with the fabric, as in the
5 intervals between each pattern or figure, they are kept at each change of shed
in a line with the upper portion of such shed, so that the ordinary weft by
passing and repassing under them leaves them on that surface of the fabric,
which during the ordinary weaving is the upper surface. At the times when
it is desired to form ornaments on the fabric by the introduction of the
threads fin pattern as weft, the whole of the warps will remain down except
those required to tie in the weft threads f, and then these threads f will be
allowed to drop, as indicated by the dotted lines, sufficiently to admit of their
being taken by hooks g and drawn under those warp threads. These hooks g
are affixed to a bar g', which at its ends is provided with studs g³, which pass
into the slotted openings 9 into the plates g, which are affixed to the main
framing. The bar g¹ is shown in full lines with its hooks g in the position of
rest, the hooks being just in front of the last formed work sufficiently to admit
of the batten freely beating up without interfering with them. When they
are required to come into operation, as stated, the bar g¹ has motion given to
it, so that the hooked ends of the instruments 9 may move backwards, or
towards the reed a short distance, and then sideways with their hooked ends
under the warps raised for them, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figures 8,
10, and 11, so that these hooks may be in a position to take hold of the
threads f. When the hooked ends of the instruments g have passed over the
threads f, and those instruments are about to return, the threads will com-
mence rising, so that each may pass fully under its proper hook, and be drawn
thereby in a looped form through the shed formed for them by the raising of
some of the warp threads. A beat-up will then take place driving the looped
threads f fully into the work, whilst they are still held by their hooks. In the
going back of the lay or batten an ordinary shed will be formed for the shuttle
weft to be thrown in and beaten up by the lay or reed in the production of
the general body of the fabric, thereby also tying in the loop of the orna-
mental thread just laid in. Those of the warps selected to tie in the next
oop of ornamental thread will then alone be raised, and threads f will be
brought into position to be again taken as before by hooks g, and those hooks,
or some of them, will in moving to take again on to those threads release
hemselves from the loops just formed, go into the open shed, and hook on to
broads f, to draw in fresh loops as weft, and so on in succession till the desired
mount of threads f have been looped in as weft to produce the required row

page_text: g will remain sta-
of figures. When this has been accomplished the hooks
ionary, and other weaving will be produced until another row of figures is
required to be produced. The form or pattern of the individual figures will
depend upon the number and order of raising of the warp threads at each
looping in of threads f as weft. The extent and direction of motion of the 5
hooks g may
be varied, as well as the number of them at a time made use of,
and the threads drawn in by them may be of the same or of different colors
or materials, and several different threads may be used in connection with each
hook in the production of single figures. According to the arrangement shown
by these figures the bar g¹ is operated for the to-and-fro motion of it in the 1
following manner:-Each end of the bar g¹ is formed with a neck g', which is
embraced by a fork 9° formed on the upper ends of arms g affixed to the
axis g, which turns in bearings carried by the main framing of the loom. One
of these arms g is constantly drawn upon by a spring 9, with a tendency to
keep the bar g forward with its hooks g out of the way of the batten in 1
beating up. To this arm g' is also connected by pin-joint one end of a rod 9¹º,
the other end of which is hooked at gl, whilst there is a lever 91, the lower
end of which turns upon the fixed stud g¹³, and the upper end is forked to
embrace the eccentric 9" affixed on the main or crank shaft; from the side of
this lever g project two studs 91, 91, one of which serves simply as a rest for
that end of the rod g³, and the other to draw the rod g10 by the hook g",
when that rod go is raised for that purpose by the action of the jacquard or
other pattern surface upon a cord g" affixed to that rod 9 to take the
bar g¹ back.
According to the arrangement shown, although all the books of the bar g'
move together, and are each adapted to operate in the production of figures,
the formation of figures will be dependent upon the jacquard or other pattern
surface employed, bringing the threads f at the proper time in position to be
taken by such hooks, and at the same time raising such of the warp threads e as
required to form a shed for such looped thread f. In the illustration given it
is supposed that only the alternate ones of each row have been brought into
the position necessary for the production of one row of figures, and the inter-
mediate hooks for the next row, and so on. By this arrangement the figures
produced will alternate in the successive rows, but this may be varied. Those
of the warp threads e, which are employed to form the upper portion of sheds
for the threads f are passed from the beam cover the bar e', which is sup-
ported by the ends of arms e affixed to an axis e³, to which is also affixed a
weighted arm e' to give uniform tension to those threads.
Figures 12 and 13 show a modification of the above, in which the hooks

page_text: have similar motions given to them, and operate upon the figuring threads to
draw them into the sheds formed for them in like manner to what has just
been described; but in this case the bar g' to which they are affixed is carried
by the top or hand bar of the batten. There being plates
with slots g
therein adapted to receive studs g³ projecting from the bar g', and guide the
motions of that bar as it is drawn in one direction by the action of the cord g¹³,
operated by the jacquard or other pattern surface, and in the opposite direc-
tion by the spring 91, one end of which is affixed to the bar g', whilst the
other end of it is affixed to the top or handrail.
Figures 14 and 15 shew plan and section of another modification, in which
the hooks are caused to turn on axes 920, as indicated, such axes being
carried by a bar g¹, which in this case is stationary, whilst the series of hooks
are operated simultaneously in one direction by a spring acting on the cord g³,
and in the opposite direction by a band 9, operated by the jacquard or other
pattern surface employed.
any
Figures 16 and 17 shew a section and plan view of parts, with another
method of introducing the threads in the form of weft at intervals, for the pro-
duction of various figures. In this case, as in the last cases, we have only
thought it necessary to shew the working parts on a full size scale. The
threads are carried by bobbins h, which are passed through the sheds formed
for them, in the raising of some only of the warps required for them to pass
under, by means of arms i, i, such arms turning on axes 2, 2, and having
teeth, the teeth of one arm taking into those of the other, so that motion
given to one of a pair of these arms i, gives corresponding motion to the other
of them. The end of each arm i is formed with a spring, which by friction on
the inside of a bobbin h, is capable of holding it, to carry it on whichever of
the arms i it may for the time be pushed, and the action is as follows:-Sup-
posing a bobbin h to be on the end of one of the arms i, as indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 17, and it is desired to pass it through a shed formed by the
raising of some of the warps between the points of the arms i, i, so that such
bobbin may be taken by the other of the pair of arms, the arms will be
operated so that their ends may come together; the forked lever j will then
be caused to moved on its centre j³, so that one end 3 thereof may operate to
push the bobbin h off from the end of the arm i, by which it had been held on
to the other, whilst those arms i, i, separate from each other; by these means
the bobbin h will be transferred, and so on may a like operation be effected
alternately in one and then in the opposite direction. The series of parts i and
are carried by a sliding bar k, which is capable of sliding in a groove formed

page_text: for it in the top or hand rail of the batten, in order that the position of the
operation of these instruments in relation to the width of the fabric may be
varied at pleasure. As shewn, the instruments may operate in two positions,
and the sliding of the bar k for this purpose is effected by the partial revo-
lution of the eccentric k, which is capable of turning upon a fixed pin,
projecting from the top or hand rail, and the eccentric is formed with an
eccentric grooves, adapted to receive a stud projecting from the bar k, and
thereby in its partial revolution to give motion to the bar k. The partial
revolution of the eccentric ¹ is effected by cords ³, k, operated by the
jacquard or other pattern surface employed, and acting on the pulley ko affixed
to the eccentric k¹.
The arms are operated by one of each pair of them being formed with an
arm, which by pin joint is connected to a rod 2, which is constantly
borne in one direction by means of a spring 7, one end of which is connected
and it is
to the rod, and the other to the stud 2, carried by the bar
drawn in the opposite direction when required by means of a band, operated
by the pattern surface and passing partly round a pulley 10, carried by the
standard from the bar k. The forked bars j are formed with projections ³,
connected by pin joints with the rod j', and this rod is constantly drawn into a
central position by means of springs, one end of each of which is affixed to the
rod, and the other end of them to standards from the bar k, and it is drawn
in either direction therefrom by bands ',, operated by the jacquard or other
pattern surface employed.
Figures 18 and 19 shew another mode of carrying weft threads through
sheds for the time opened for them. In this case the threads f, for the weft to
constitute the ornamental threads, are carried by bobbins 7, supported each on
a pin, standing out from a segmental plate 2, which is formed to slide in the
correspondingly formed groove in the plate l, and these segmental plates
are pushed therein, so as to pass the bobbin / under the warp by means of the
segmental plates m, which move in the grooves and have studs m' projecting
from them, by which they are capable of being drawn in either direction by
means of cords m³, m³, attached to the pulleys m, m, to which are connected
other cords m, mo, operated by the jacquard or other pattern surface. The
pulleys m, m, are each formed with a boss me, which is partly cut away, as
shewn at m', so that when the jacquard has drawn one of the cords m² or m
so as to drive the plates m to act on the plates P, and drive them with the
bobbins from one side to the other through the sheds opened for them, say
from right to left, then, so soon as tension is removed from the cord m³, the

page_text: 5
spring me will act on the flat surface m of the pulley m², to cause it to draw
the slides m out of the way of the warp threads, as shewn, and admit of their
changing position, and a similar effect will take place in respect of the other
pulley mo, when the bobbins have been driven back again.
Figures 20, 21, 22, and 23 shew some of the details.
Figures 24 and 25 shew section and front view of another modification, in
which the threads are made up in the form of balls n, dropped in recesses n'
formed for them in the race or lay. In this case the warp selected from the
general warp for the passage of the thread f, and to form one part of the shed
for such thread will form the bottom portion of such shed, and the threads f
will be laid in by raising the balls n to a level with the surface of the race,
which is accomplished by means of the plungers n², from the bar n³, which by
legs n', rests on the board ns, which turns at one edge on hinge joints nº, and
at its other edge is raised when required by the jacquard or other pattern
surface acting on cords n'. When thus raised the balls n will be moved in
the direction desired by fingers o, which are raised with the plungers nº and
balls n, and then have motion given to them to the right or left, as desired, by
the pulling of one or other of the cords o³, o³, by the jacquard or other pattern
surface employed, acting on the rod o³, to which the fingers o are affixed.
In each case, under this head of the improvements, the thread will be left
between succeeding figures as a connecting thread, and may be cut off as the
weaving proceeds or afterwards.
When weft stopping apparatus is used, with shifting shuttle boxes, in looms
in which threads are introduced for the purpose of ornamentation according
to this part of the Invention, we apply a prolongation to the spring of the
swell to come over the back of the grate for the weft fork. This prolongation,
in the absence of weft and shuttle in that box, will act on the weft fork, and
yet when a shuttle is therein without weft the prolongation will be pushed
back with the swell, and the weft finger will be free to act in stopping the
loom.
We will now describe the third part of the improvements, which is shewn
by the end view of parts of a loom, Figure 26, part of front view, Figure 27,
lso by the separate views of parts on a larger scale at Figures 28, 29, 30, 31.
n is the main framing; n, the driving or crank axis; and o, the cam or
appet shaft; p is the jacquard barrel, which is capable of turning on the
tud p², carried by the plate p³, which is formed at one end to slide in the
xed guide m', and at the other with a slot to embrace the axis n. Upon
his axis n there is also affixed a cam or tappet p³, which by acting on the

page_text: trucks or bowls p', carried by the plate p³, gives to-and-fro motion to that
plate. In this to-and-fro motion the click or clawker q acts on the teeth
of the ratchet wheel p', affixed to the barrel p so as to cause that barrel to
make a partial revolution as is well understood for bringing up a fresh
surface of card, and there is a friction spring p to hold the barrel as moved. 5
The cards are cut with two rows of holes adapted to operate on two rows
of needles r and s, each of which is formed with an eye, through which
passes one end of a hooked wire t. These hooked wires at their upper
ends are connected to the levers for working the healds, and there are two
two to each lever, and both of them are
be eapable of being taken hold of by one
One end t¹ of each pair of wires t
or v.
of them, or one bent so as to act as
hooked at their lower ends so as to
or the other of the knife edges
an eye in a needle s.
passes through an eye in a needler whilst the other end t passes through
A blank on a card opposite a needle r, through the
eye of which passes a hooked end t¹ will cause that hooked end to be moved
into position to be pulled by the knife edge u; a blank opposite the end of
a needles, through the eye of which passes a hooked end t will cause that
needle to operate that hooked end to bring its hook in position to be drawn
With other number of rows of holes
down by the knife edge and so on.
in the cards and other number of needles and hooked wires other corresponding
variations may be effected; w, x, are the drivers for operating in the order
desired upon the ratchet wheels on the end of the series of revolving shuttle
boxes. The driver w has a tendency to come into position for acting upon a
ratchet wheel carried by the shuttle boxes, and is kept out of position for
acting on that wheel by means of the small tappet w¹, whilst the driver is
brought into position for acting on a ratchet wheel carried by the shuttle
boxes by means of the tappet al. The tappet w¹ is formed on the axis w
upon which is formed the arm w³, which by pin joint is attached to one
end of the rod w', the other end of which is formed as a needle to be acted
upon by the jacquard cards. The tappet a¹ is formed on an axis a, upon
which is formed an arm a³, which by pin joint is attached to one end of
the rod, the other end of which is formed to be acted upon by the
cards. The knife edge vis formed upon a rod which is supported in
guides,, carried by the main framing, but with capability for sliding
therein; and on this rod are formed or affixed projections,, which
by embracing the opposite edges of the eccentric have motion given to
them to raise and lower the knife edge in the rotation of the eccentric v
with its shaft or axis o to which it is affixed. The knife edge u is carrie

page_text: by a rod u which is similarly operated by the eccentric u³. In order that
either of the rods w', x', may be held back during the receding of the card
cylinder p, with its cards, the knife edge v is formed with projections v' which
are capable of passing within the projections w³ and of the rods w*, a*,
when they have been forced outwards by the cards on the barrel,
P to prevent
their returning during the receding of the card barrel as shewn by dotted
lines in Figure 29. The method of operating the wires or rods w*, at, is
applicable to operating other than the motion of rotary shuttle boxes.
The fourth part of the improvements is shewn by Figure 82.
picker spindle, which is continued across from box to box in
batten, so as to avoid the necessity for supports thereto at the
each box, and the saving in pickers by their wear in striking the supports at
the inner ends of such picker rods is effected.
a, a, is the
front of the
inner end of
The fifth part of the improvements is shewn by Figure 5, in which india-
rubber is employed at B for the grates, in place of the grating usually employed,
such india-rubber being laced through the holes in plates A, A.
In carrying out the sixth part of the improvements, we place steel or other
suitable wire or bands of metal in the loom in place of warp, or in combination
with the warp, and weave over or around the same by the aid of weft, so that
in the weaving such steel or other suitable wire, or metal bands may be woven
into the fabric for use as a means of stiffening the fabric, particularly adapted
to the use of such fabric for crinoline.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the means
which we adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details shewn and
referred to, so long as the peculiar character of any part thereof be retained;
but what we claim is,-
First, the adaptation or combination of means to facilitate the manufacture
of carpets or other pile fabrics substantially as explained under the first head
of Invention.
Secondly, we claim the introduction of extra threads as weft, by looping the
same, for the purpose of ornamentation, substantially as explained in respect
of Figures 8 to 15.
Also, we claim the method of introducing extra weft thread for the pur-
pose of ornamentation, substantially as explained in respect of Figures 16
and 17.
Also, we claim the method of introducing extra threads for the pur-
pose of ornamentation, substantially as explained in respect of Figures 18
to 22.

page_text: Also, we claim the method of introducing extra threads for the pur-
pose of ornamentation, substantially as explained in respect of Figures 24
and 25.
Thirdly, we claim the adaptation or combination of means in connection
with jacquard apparatus, substantially as explained.
Fourthly, we claim the forming picker spindles continuous, substantially as
explained.
Fifthly, we claim the adaptation of india-rubber for the grating to act with
the weft fork, as explained.
Sixthly, we claim the application of steel or other wire, or metal, in the
warp in weaving fabric adapted to be used for crinoline, as explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Henderson and James Broadley,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOHN HENDERSON
JOHN HENDERSON. (L.B.)
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)