in land cultivating machines
Year: 1886

page_text: I PIERRE FAURE of Limoges in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby.
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention for improvements in land cultivating machines has for object to
construct a machine by which the land to be cultivated shall first be thoroughly
broken up or loosened to any determined depth without its horizontal layers being
sensibly changed and shall then be turned, scarified, harrowed, rolled, sowed or
otherwise operated upon according to the purposes for which the land is required.
The principal feature of the said machine is a specially formed rotary tool,
similar to a "fly cutter" mounted on a vertical shaft situated on one side of the
machine so as to avoid the passage of the wheels of the machine over the
worked land and capable of being raised or lowered to vary the depth of land
operated on.
:
In the accompanying sheet of drawings Fig. 1 is an elevation of a land cultivating
machine constructed according to this invention, and Fig. 2 is a plan, the return
roller Rb being supposed removed, and Fig. 3 a vertical section on A. B, O D, fig. 2
of the same.
Figs. 4 show in elevation and in plan a general arrangement of apparatus for
cultivating land.
Figs. 5 & 6 represent in elevation and in plan a detail view of the rotary tool
shown with a single cutter blade.
Figs. 7 shew in central section and in side view a differential motion connecting
the road wheels.
The main frame of the apparatus is supported by three wheels R R R". The
wheels R R¹ are driven from the chain wheel K, through bevel wheels E fixed on
radial spindles mounted in bearings in the chain wheel K. The bevel wheels E
gear with a bevel wheel E' secured to the road wheel R which rotates freely on
the hollow main shaft M and also with a bevel wheel E³ secured to an angle
bracket E¹ bearing against a spring R* mounted in a box keyed to the hollow
shaft M¹.
The road wheel R¹ is thus free to rotate independently of the wheel R. so that
the machine may be free to move in any course and is driven through the spring R*
which prevents any jarring of the gearing. The machine is guided by means of
Prano 8.7

page_text: "
the hand wheel V by which, through the worm gearing shown, the axis of the
wheel R is turned in a horizontal plane.
The power for operating the machine is obtained from a cotton, hemp, or
metallic cable X always running in the direction indicated by the arrows and
guided and maintained at the proper tension by the pulleys p³ p* p³ p³ p¹p. The
cable X drives the pulley P which runs loose upon its shaft but can be fixed
thereto by means of the clutch H constructed of compressed paper or in other
suitable manner. The clutch H is operated by one of the levers L L' fixed upon a
shaft carrying a pinion gearing with a toothed sector on which sector is secured
the arm acting upon the clutch. The lever L' is weighted and tends to always keep
the clutch H in gear with the pulley P. By this friction clutch the force trans-
mitted to the mechanism can be governed.
On the shaft of the pulley P is mounted a pinion a gearing with a wheel a¹ on
a vertical shaft carrying the bevel wheel a' gearing with a bevel wheel a³ on a
horizontal shaft carrying the bevel wheel a gearing with a bevel wheel a sliding
on but forced to rotate with the vertical shaft Y. The special rotary tool
hereinbefore mentioned is mounted on the shaft Y which rotates in bearings
situated at one side of the machine as clearly shown. The shaft Y is raised or
lowered to vary the depth of land operated upon by means of the hand wheel V¹
acting through the gearing i j k l, pitch chain m wheel n and pinion and rack.
On the horizontal shaft carrying the bevel wheel a³ is a pinión e gearing with a
wheel e¹ mounted on the same shaft as the wheel es gearing through the inter-
mediate wheel e with a wheel eª on the same shaft as the wheel e gearing with
the wheel e mounted on a shaft on which is a pitch wheel to receive the pitch
chain G driving the pitch wheel K operating the road wheels R R'.
When it is desired to reverse the direction of rotation of the road wheels, the
hand wheel V3 is operated and through the gearing r 8, the screw Z and nut Q the
two sleeves U U₁ are forced sideways. The sleeve U operating the shaft carrying
the wheels ³ ³ so that the wheel e³ is thrown out of gear with the wheel e*; and
the sleeve U¹ operates so as to connect the shaft carrying the wheel e to the
wheel e², this shaft being in line with the shaft carrying the wheel e²; the pitch
chain G will thus be operated from the wheel e through the wheels e¹ e instead of
through the wheels e¹ eª gª e³ eð er.
The machine is provided with a number of harrow teeth S which can be brought
into operation when desired and with a helicoidal mould board M for forming the
furrows at the required distances, there being similar sets of teeth S and mould
boards M in front of and behind the shaft Y; these sets being used alternately
according to the direction in which the machine is working. The depth to
which the mould boards M work can be adjusted by the ploughman so that the
fertilising matter and new earth can be mixed in the desired quantities.
When working in fields the cable X is driven by the steam engine N, it passing
from the engine N over the supports t placed at convenient distances. to the
stretcher T and back over the supports t to the steam engine. The steam engine
and the stretcher are traversed as the cultivating process proceeds by means of
clutches operated by the ploughman-Before the end of each furrow, the hand
wheel V is operated so as to cause the cultivating machine to get into position for
the next traverse, and then the wheel V³ is operated to reverse.the direction of
motion of the machine and the proper harrow teeth S and mould boards M. are
brought into position, the others being raised out of operation.
Each blade of the rotary tool is formed with a surface A inclined upwards
and backwards with acts under the earth and with a surface B whose exterior
boundry is curved to a trochoidal form dependent on the ratio between the
angular velocity of the shaft Y and the rate of travel of the cultivating machine
and which acts vertically on the earth-This form of the blade may however be
modified according to the work to be done and may consist of a simple inclined
surface A or of any other suitable form-The blades may be arranged at different
heights.
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page_text: It will readily be understood that the cultivating machine may be operated by
any suitable power in lieu of the cable such as by beasts of burden, electric
motors, locomotives, or the drawing of the machine may be effected by one power
and the driving of the rotary tool by another.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1° In land cultivating machines, employing a rotary tool for loosening the earth
substantially as described.
2° In land cultivating machines, employing a rotary tool capable of being raised
or lowered to vary the depth of land loosened substantially as described. .
3° In land cultivating machines employing a rotary tool situated on one side of
the machine substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
4° In land cultivating machines, employing a rotary tool mounted on a vertical
shaft capable of being raised or lowered and operated by the gearing e e¹ cª e³ e” e³ eª
substantially as described.
5º In land cultivating machines, the combination with a rotary tool for loosening
the earth of one or more agricultural implements such as mould boards, rakes,
harrows, rollers and seed distributing apparatus substantially as described.
6° The arrangement and construction of land cultivating machines substantially
as described,
Dated him and T... 1.004