IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLANISHING AND HAMMERING METALS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Mainwaring, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Brass Founder and Coppersmith, for an Invention of “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLANISHING AND HAMMERING
METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Mainwaring at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1881.
HENRY MAINWARING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Bruss
Founder and Coppersmith. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
"
PLANISHING AND HAMMERING METALS."
My Invention relates to the planishing and hammering of metals, and more
particularly to the treatment of copper cylinders and of plates, whether curved or flat,
and consists of a novel arrangement of apparatus whereby the cylinder or plate to
be operated upon is hammered and fed automatically, the result being an economy
in labour, whilst the material is treated with greater regularity and certainty.
The apparatus which 1 have devised to obtain these results is mounted upon
two end frames which support a vee or other suitably shaped cross slide or bed,
which may be of any convenient length. The said cross slide or bed carries oue,
two, or any greater number of traversing slides, upon which are fixed or formed the
parts carrying the hammer or hammers. These hammers may be of any suitablo
form, and may either be weighted so as to impart momentum to the down stroke,
or instead of a weight a spiral or flat spring inay be employed, or otherwise; the
haminer may be formed with a piston and pistou-rod working in a cylinder, and
receiving its downward motion by pneumatic or other pressure. Each slide with
its hammer is traversed by a screw which engages with a half nut projecting from
the back of the slide, and capable of being thrown in and out of gear with the
screw by means of a handle. The hammer on each slide is lifted by a wiper cam
on the driving shaft, which extends throughout the length of the machine. Each
wiper cam is confined between jaws or bearings on the back of the slide and thus
partakes of the traversing motion, whilst at the same time it is caused to rotate
with the shaft by means of a loose feather and groove arrangement. The cams

page_text: may have any number of lifting projections or wipers, which by acting upon heels
or projections on the hammer rods lift the hammer, the down stroke being effected
by any of the herein before referred to means. Beneath the hammer or hammers
1 arrange an anvil or table to receive the cylinders or plates or other work to be
operated upon. When the machine is intended to act upon cylindrical bodies the
said anvil is hinged at one end to one of the frames of the machine, so that it can
be turned outwards to receive and discharge the cylinder or curved plate. The
machine is adapted to act upon any length of cylinder or plate by the employment
of a sliding rod with adjustable stops, and I arrange for the said stops to be acted
upon at any point in the traverse by a catch projecting from the hammer slide.
The stops are adjusted on the rod to suit the length of cylinder or plate under
treatment, so that when the catch comes into contact therewith the rod is slid
forward so as to overbalance a weighted lever which shifts a friction clutch at the
end of the machine, and by thus reversing the direction of rotation of the screw
changes the direction of traverse of the slide and hammer. A shaft actuated by
gearing from the driving shaft imparts the necessary reverse motion to the friction.
clutch arrangement; I prefer to interpose a bufäng spring betwixt the catch and
stop so as to lessen the shock of contact and also to assist in shooting the weighted
lever past its centre of gravity, and thus to effect a quick reversal. Behind the
anvil or table are placed adjustable feeding rollers, which are actuated by a ratchet
and pawl at the end of each traverse of the slide and hammer. The plate or
cylinder is nipped by the rollers, and is drawn or pushed across the face of the
anvil so as to present fresh portions to the action of the hammer on its return
traverse. The periphery of one or both of the feeding rollers may be covered with
rubber, leather, or other material which will assist their gripping action, or the
said material may be applied at intervals only in the length of the roller. The
machine may be made to operate upon one cylinder or plate at a time or upon
several, and the driving power may be imparted through a single strap working
on a fast and loose pulley.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Mainwaring in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd December 1881.
HENRY MAINWARING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brass-
founder and Coppersmith. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PLANISHING AND HAMMERING METALS."
My Invention relates to the planishing and hammering of metals, and more
particularly to the treatment of copper cylinders and of plates, whether curved or
flat, and consists of a novel arrangement of apparatus whereby the cylinder or
plate to be operated upon is hammered and fed automatically, the result being an
economy in labour, whilst the material is treated with greater regularity and
certainty.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I will now
proceed more particularly to describe the mode or manner of carrying the samo
into practical effect, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings and to
the letters and Figures marked thereon, to be as follows:-
Fig. 1 of the said Drawings is a front elevation of the hammering machine con-
stituting my Invention. Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional detail views; Fig. 4 is a plan ;
Fig 5 is an elevation of the machine at the driving end; Fig. 6 is a vertical
section at the line **, Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is an elevation of the end opposite to that
shewn at Fig. 5.
The mechanism is supported upon the two end standards or frames A, A, sur-
mounted by brackets B, B. To the front of the said brackets is bolted a cross-slide
or bed C, which may be of any suitable length. The said cross-slide or bed has
vee shaped faces, as shewn at Fig. 6, which carry a traversing slide or saddle D.
To the saddle D is bolted a cylinder E, which is shewn in section to an enlarged
scale at Figs. 2 and 3. The hammer rod F works through the said cylinder and is
provided at its lower end with a head G, as shewn. To the portion of the rod
within the cylinder is fixed a block collar, or piston H, which is acted upon by a
cam or triplo wiper I mounted on the shaft J. The shaft J is driven from the
fast and loose pulleys K, and the cam I is secured by a key feather and groove, so
that whilst partaking of the rotation of the shaft J it is also capable of sliding
thereon in the direction of its length. The cam is confined between two lugs pro-
jecting from the back of the cylinder E, so that as the cylinder is moved along the
cross slide C the cam I moves with it. The arms of the cam come into contact with
and lift the piston H and hamuter rod F, the down stroke being effected by the
pressure of a coiled spring L in the upper half of the cylinder. In order to traverse
the cylinder and hammer backwards and forwards I arrange a screw M running
parallel with the shaft J and driven from the said shaft, by means of the gearing N,
intermediate shaft O, and the bevel gearing shewn more particularly at Figs. 4
and 7. My arrangements for reversing the rotation of the screw M are as follows:-
The bevel wheel P on the end of the shaft O gears with a similar bevel wheel on a
hollow shaft or sleeve Q. The said hollow shaft is carried by bearings in a
brucket R bolted to the bracket B, and within the arms of the bracket R are two
mitre or bevel wheels S and S', both gearing with a similar mitre or bevel wheel T
on the end of the screw M. The wheels S and S' run loosely upon the hollow
shaft Q, and between them is situated a clutch U which revolves with the hollow
shaft Q. The said clutch is moved on the sleeve by means of an internal spindle V,
the end of which engages with a jawed lever W extending from the upright
shaft X A second lever Y also extends from the shaft X and passes beneath a
notched weighted lever Z, whilst a third lever a extends from the top of the
shaft X towards the front of the machine, and is connected by a link b with a

page_text: sliding rod c, which lies immediately behind the upper part of the cross-slide C,
and is supported at each end from the brackets B, B. Catches d aro fixed to each
side of the saddle slide D, so as to come at times into contact with adjustable spring
stops e, which are fixed at any suitable interval apart on the sliding rod C. It will
thus be seen that when the cylinder has traversed a certain determined distance in
one or the other direction, one of the catches & will act upon one of the stops c, so
as to shift the sliding rod c, and by means of the herein before described arrange-
ment of shafts and levers cause the clutch U to be disengaged from the bevel
wheel S, and thrown into gear with the bevel wheel S¹, or vice versa, thus reversing
the direction of rotation of the screw M. To effect a quick and certain reversal I
employ a weighted lever f, centered on a stud projecting from the bracket B, and
connected by links g with the rod c. The cylinder E is connected with the screw M
by a half nut h, capable of being shifted into and out of contact with the screw by
means of an excentric or cam actuated by a handle i. An anvil k is situated
beneath the hammer, and extends the full length of the machine. The form of 1
apparatus under consideration is more particularly intended for the treatment of
copper or other metallic cylinders or curved plates, and I accordingly prefer to
round the top of the anvil to suit the curvature of the cylinder or plate, as shown
at Fig. 6, wherein the dotted circle / represents a copper cylinder under treatment. To
hold and feed the cylinder at the required intervals, that is to say at the end of
each traverse of the hammer cylinder, I provide nipping rollers m, n.
The upper
roller m is provided at intervals throughout its length with rings m¹ of india
rubber or other suitably elastic or yielding material, which assist in deading
vibration and also grip the planished surface of the copper cylinder with greater
certainty. The said upper roller is supported at each end by levers o, centered
at p on the end frames A, and prolonged towards the back of the machine so as to
engage with a thumb screw on a stud, by means of which the pressure of the
upper roller is increased or diminished. The lower roller n is carried in small
hangers bolted to the anvil. The automatic feeding is obtained by a ratchet
wheel & on the axis of the upper roller, which is operated by a pawl on a rocking
lever t, the said rocking lever being depressed and raised at each movement of the
sliding rod c. As has been already pointed out the sliding motion of the rod c
causes a partial rotation of the upright shaft X, and thus noves the lever Y
beneath the notched weighted lever Z. By this movement of the lever Y passing
beneath the projection or tooth on the lever Z, the latter lever is caused to rise
and fall, and by means of the link u produces a similar movement in the lever t
whereby the roller is rotated for a certain distance, a spring catch preventing
backward movement of the ratchet and roller. In order to allow a copper
cylinder to be placed over the anvil k, I bolt the said anvil to a bracket v which is
pivotted upon an upright shaft w, so that the anvil can be swung out to receive
the cylinder, as indicated in dotted lines at Fig. 4,of the Drawings; the free end of
the anvil is supported in position by a bracket a bolted to the end standard A.
The height of the anvil is adjustable to a certain extent by the capstan headed
step screw y. In a machine intended to operate upon flat or curved plates alone
the hinged anvil might be dispensed with; I might also employ more than one
hammer, and instead of obtaining the downward stroke by spring pressure as
herein before described, I might employ a weight or pneumatic or other pressure,
When operating the machine hereinbefore described and illustrated, the anvil is
first swung out so as to permit of the introduction of the cylinder to be hammered
or planished. When the cylinder has been slipped over the anvil and lower
roller which accompanies the anvil, the anvil and roller are swung back and
secured in position so as to nip the cylinder between the rollers and present it to
the action of the hammer. The machino is then set in motion and the hammer
traverses the entire length of the cylinder. When this has been accomplished one
of the catches & comes into contact with one of the stops e and moves the sliding
bar c so as to reverse the rotation of the screw by the herein before described
arrangements. Simultaneously with this reversal the ratchet pawl acts upon the

page_text: ratchet so as to rotate the upper roller and consequently the copper cylinder, so
that a fresh portion of the cylinder is presented to the action of the hammer on its
return journey, and this operation is repeated until the entire circumference of the
cylinder under treatment has been hammered or planished, or as long as may be
desirable.
Having now described my said Invention and the system, mode, or manner in
or under which the same is or may be used or carried practically into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that without limiting myself to the exact details
of construction herein before described and shewn what I consider novel, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
The general arrangement, construction, and combination of machinery and
apparatus for automatically hammering and planishing metallic cylinders and
curved or flat plates, substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn, or any
mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Mainwaring, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
41, John Dalton St.,
Manchester
(Agent for the Patentee).
HENRY MAINWARING. (L.S.)