Improvements in Machinery for Making Cattle Feeding Cake.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Cattle Feeding Cake.
I, FREDERICK CECIL CALTHROP, of Briar Cottage, Formby in the County
of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference more particularly to the manufacture of that kind
of cattle feeding cake which is made from meal, and in the manufacture of which
no oil is expressed; and it has mainly for its object to produce such cakes at a
more rapid and cheap rate than heretofore.
According to this invention, meal is introduced into a pressing apparatus and
cakes are produced from it in a succession, that is, not in batches as at present
practised. To this end, the meal is introduced by a suitable feeding device into
a matrix, mould, or former, of any suitable shape, it is then pressed into a cake,
and then discharged from the apparatus.
In operation, the feeding of the meal into the matrix, mould, or former, or
carrier, is effected mechanically, or by gravity, or hand, while the compression is
effected hydraulically or by other fluid pressure, or, in some cases, by mechanical
power or means.
In some forms of apparatus, the former, mould, or matrix, may be movable,
whilst in others it may be fixed; and in some cases the surface against which the
pressure is directly exerted may be movable; whilst in others it may be fixed.
In one form of apparatus the discharge of the cakes when pressed may be
effected by utilizing a hinged part or device which oscillates upon the bearing
after the formation of each cake, throwing out the cake onto a travelling band, or
other surface, or device.
In other cases the cakes may be discharged by a rectilinear motion, as for
instance, by causing the pressing ram, die, or part, to be moved forward after the
pressing has taken place, so that the cake is moved out of the matrix, mould or
former; or, this may be done by the movement of the latter itself.
In connection with the apparatus, whether mechanically or hydraulically
operated, suitable pipes, valves and actuating mechanism or means will be
provided so that the operation of the parts may be carried out rapidly and
effectually, and as far as possible automatically, so as to render the production of
cake rapid.
In some cases I may employ a suitable means or device for removing cakes
from the dies or other parts in case they should adhere thereto.
It is to be stated that the invention is not confined to any of the particular
forms of parts above specified for carrying the same out, since the production of
cattle feeding cake in successive single cakes (or multiples thereof) may, under
this invention, be carried out in different ways without departing therefrom.
Tad this 22nd day of December 1892.

page_text: .
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Cattle Feeding Cake.
I, FREDERICK CECIL CALTHROP, of Briar Cottage, Formby, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference more particularly to the manufacture of that kind
of cattle feeding cake which is made from meal, and in the manufacture of which
no oil is expressed; and it has mainly for its object to produce such cakes at a
I more rapid and cheap rate than heretofore.
According to this invention, meal is introduced into a pressing apparatus and
cakes are produced from it in a succession, that is, not in batches as at present
practised. To this end, the meal is introduced by a suitable feeding device into a
matrix, mould, or former, of any suitable shape; it is then pressed into a cake,
and then discharged from the apparatus.
In the drawings hereto annexed, I give one example of machinery or apparatus-
adapted to operate, and to produce cattle feeding cake in successive single cakes,
according to the mode of production or manufacture of this invention. In these
drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are sectional plans showing the machinery, the moving
parts in the two figures being shewn at their ends of their respective opposite
sti okes. Figure 3 shews in side elevation a part of the apparatus; and Figure 4
shews the same in cross section.
The machinery shewn in the drawings, is a hydraulically and automatically
operating one, wherein and whereby the meal being fed to it automatically,
automatically presses such meal into a cake, and releases it; then moving back to
its starting position; and so on, producing cakes direct from the meal automati-
cally in succession.
In the drawings, a is a movable ram working in the cylinder 6; and c is a fixed
ram mounted on a stationary part or crosshead d; the cylinder 6 and stationary
crosshead d being kept apart or coupled by side bars e. These parts, that is the
cylinder b, and crosshead d, may be mounted on and held down to any suitable
base. is a shifting or movable matrix or mould box or chest, moved to and fro
on and over the rams a and c, it being operated through the hydraulically actuated
pistons g working in the cylinders ; these being connected to the crosshead d by
the neck h. Suitable valves or taps may be provided in the ports or passages of
the cylinders h to control the rate of flow of liquid to and from same.
The above parts, namely, the pressing moving ram a, the fixed ram c, and the
movable or shifting matrix or mould box or chest fare the main operative features
of the machinery. The devices by which the actions of these parts are effected,
and the reversals of their directions of motion caused at the end of their strokes,
are hereinafter described.
The mode of operation in the production of a single cake is as follows:-When
meal is being fed to the machinery through the funnel f¹ of the mould box f, the
parts assume the relative positions shewn in Figure 1; that is, the ram a is shewn
standing back away from the face of the fixed ram c (this being effected by a
weight acting through chains a' on the opposite ends of a cross bar a' on a), whilst
the mould box is at the end of its inward stroke, and enclosing or covering the
end of both the rams a and c. In this position meal is fed into the mould box f
through the port f₁ therein, and fills the space between the ends of the
rams σ and c. Assuming the machinery to be in motion, these relative positions of
the parts change, and they commence to move towards the opposite ends of their
strokes; namely, by the assumption of these positions, the valve k, distributing
motor liquid to the cylinders h, will, by the box f, as hereafter described, have
caused said valve to admit liquid to the outer end of said cylinders. This will

page_text: cause the pistons g to move inwards and so move the matrix or mould box f, 80
breaking external communication with the space (now filled with meal) between
the pistons or rams a and c, by way of the port f'; that is, this space between the
ends of said rams will have become a closed one. As soon as this is done, by the
further movement of the mould box f, the valve (hereinafter described) by
which the flow of motor liquid to and from the ram cylinder is controlled, is
automatically operated, and admits liquid, by means hereafter described, to said
cylinder. This supply of liquid forces out the ram a, and thereby subjects the
meal to the pressure of the liquid on it, and pressing it into a cake. The further
movement of the moulding chest f, subsequently (but not before the cake has been
sufficiently pressed and the pressure removed) uncovers the cake, and the end of
the rams a and c. In this movement, and before the cake is uncovered by the
mould, the mechanism by which the pressing ram's liquid distribution valve is
operated, reverses said valve and opens the exhaust thereof; and at the same time
the position of the valve k, by which the mould box operating pistons and
cylinders are worked, is also reversed, and so the return stroke of the parts is
brought about. During the time the matrix or mould box fis travelling away
from and towards the end of the ram a,-i.e. after said ram is released and pulled
back by the weight aforesaid-the cake is removed by hand; or otherwise; or, if
required, by knocking or otherwise dislodging same, from the space between
the rams a and c. The cakes may fall or be delivered onto or into any suitable
receptacle or receiving device.
As regards the mounting of the matrix or mould box f, and the mechanisms by
which the motor fluid distribution valves are operated, it will be seen that the
box fis supported and slides on rods j in the manner of a sliding crosshead, these
rods being passed through the flanges of the cylinder b and the crosshead d, and
serving also as ties to take the tension stresses, due to the pressure of the liquid
in the ram cylinder, tending to force it and the crosshead d'apart.
The movement of the ram a is effected by or through the box as follows:-On
the box is a projection 1, which, when moving in the direction L R, in Figure 1,
is adapted to engage with a slip-lever 2, mounted at 3 to the bar e. This lever
has at one end a slip-catch 4 mounted at 5 thereon, said catch being rigid when
moved or pressed by the projection 1 in the direction L R, but is tipped thereby,
and allows it to slip past, when going in the direction R L, without moving the
lever 2. After it is tipped, it falls back into its normal position by the weight 6
'thereon. The motion of the lever 2 so received; is communicated to the valve i
through the bar 7, to which it is connected by the rod 8, said bar being mounted
and sliding on the frame 9, which also is mounted on the bar e, the valve i itself
being connected to the bar 7 by the rod 10. The bar 7 is itself engaged with and
operated by the projection 1 when moving in the direction L R. The action of
this mechanism is, that when the box f is moving in the direction L R, after the
space between a and c has been filled with meal, the projection 1 comes in contact
with the catch 4, and the lever 2 is actuated, and so pulls the valve i towards it
through the rods and bars 8, 7, and 10, thereby opening the port in the valve
case 3, and admitting motor liquid to the cylinder b. As the projection 1 on the
box f nears the back end of its stroke, the projection 1 comes in contact with
the bar 7 and presses back said bar 7, and with it the valve i, so reversing the
position of the valve, and placing it in that shewn in Figures 1 and 2. By this
action the exhaust passage is put in communication, by the valve, with the
port i, and the liquid in the cylinder is free to escape. Upon this being effected,
the weight above specified, through the bar a', pulls back the ram a in the
direction L R, and forces the liquid out of the cylinder b. Simultaneously with
this action, the valve k of the cylinders is reversed by the projection 15 on the
box coming in contact with the tappet lever 16 which is mounted on the bar e
and connected with k by the rods 17; to which also a second tappet lever 18 on e
is connected, and which is operated in the reverse direction, and reverses the
position of the valve k, when the box -moving in the direction R L-reaches

page_text: the end of its stroke. The motion of the box f is a simple to and fro one, and the
valve and ports of the cylinder are of the common kind used in pumps and
steam engines, and need therefore no special description, more than to say, that by
the tappet mechanism and valve just described, the piston g and box fare worked
to and fro in the machine as and for the purposes already described. It may be
here stated, however, regarding the means of moving the mould box. f to and fro,
that it may be actuated mechanically, instead of hydraulically, from a crank and
connecting rod, or any suitable equivalent means.
The meal is supplied to the matrix or mould box through a funnel fi thereon,
the supply being held in the hopper m, the spout of which stands over the mouth
of the funnel when the mould box f is in the position shewn in Figure 1, ready
for filling. When the funnel is moved away from this position, the meal is
prevented from falling out of the hopper m by the plate n which is fixed in the
funnel and moves under the spout of the hopper as the box f moves away
'from it..
=
In the machinery above described with reference to the drawings, the mould box
or matrix is a moving part; the converse, however, of this may be employed, in
which case, it would be fixed, and the ram or rams adapted to move to produce the
relative dispositions of parts specified at the different stages of operation thereof.
Also mechanical equivalents, and equivalent modes of those above set forth with
reference to the example illustrated and described, of operating the main parts,
may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvement in machinery for making cattle feeding
cakes, consisting of a moulding box or matrix into which the meal is fed, and a
moving ram whereby the meal is pressed in said box or matrix and formed into a
cake, which is subsequently released, after which the parts of the machinery are
automatically brought back into a position to receive a fresh charge of meal to be
pressed, whereby cakes are produced in succession direct from the meal;
substantially in the manner described.
2. In machinery for making cattle feeding cakes from meal in succession, a
moving moulding matrix or box into which the meal is introduced, a hydraulically
operated ram working therein, and a fixed ram or piston the axis of which is
coincident with that of the moving ram, and on which the said chest moves, said
moving ram being adapted to approach and recede from the fixed ram or piston,
and the matrix or mould box to move substantially as described; for the purposes
set forth.
3. Machinery for making cattle feeding cakes in succession from meal, having
parts combined and adapted to operate as set forth with reference to the drawings,
whereby meal is supplied, pressed, and released automatically.
Dated this 22nd dox of Santainher 1893
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.