matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wetherilt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1859.
I, JAMES WETHERILT, of Chapel Street West, May Fair, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a particular description of lock well known as the
"alphabet or combination lock. This Invention consists in so arranging the
mechanism thereof as to adapt the same for cash books, portfolios, trunks,
travelling bags, portmanteaus, and other articles of similar character thereto.
The construction of this improved lock is as follows:-Take a flat piece of metal
and having formed a circular hole therein about one inch and a half in diameter,
more or less, according to the required size of the lock, adapt to such said hole
an annular flanged piece of metal, into this fit another similar flanged piece of
smaller diameter than the former piece, and into the said second flanged piece
fit another flanged piece of still smaller deameter than the former ones, but
formed solid and having at its centre and at the back thereof a pin, which..
passes through a hole in the case of the lock, which said pin serves to keep
the aforesaid flanged pieces of metal in proper position, and at the same time
admits of their being moved separately in a circular direction, each of the
aforesaid flanged pieces has a circular projecting ring or curtain formed
thereon with a notch in one part thereof, so that when these notched parts are
brought opposite to each other, the hasp of the lock is free to enter or be

page_text: drawn out of the lock. The hasp is formed with "wards" or notches corre-
sponding with each of the curtains of the lock; or the said hasp may be made
with steps and in the form of the letter L inverted (if required for a common
trunk lock in which the hasp is hinged) and enters a hole in the plate of the
lock at the front thereof. There are letters stamped on and arround the face of
each of the aforesaid flanged pieces, and a projecting pin fixed in each piece
for moving it round. The above improved lock may be opened by bringing
such of the letters in a line as are opposite to the notches in the curtain,
similar to the well-known "alphabet or combination padlock." Locks of
various kinds may be made upon the above improved method so as not to
require a key to open them, thus affording security combined with cheapness.
THE APPLICATION OF ENAMELLED SLATE TO THE NEW PURPOSE OF LINING, PANELLING, OR OTHERWISE FACING THE INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL WALLS OF HOUSES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND EDIFICES GENERALLY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1859.
I, THOMAS FRY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF
ENAMELLED SLATE TO THE NEW PURPOSE OF LINING, PANELLING, OR OTHERWISE
FACING THE INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL WALLS OF HOUSES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
AND EDIFICES GENERALLY," to be as follows, that is to say :-
To
The object of this Invention is architectural decoration, by producing the
effect of a wall being built of solid blocks of marble or other valuable
substances, whereby economy, durability, and beauty are combined.
effect this end, the slabs or panels are drilled with holes at the edges, to
receive iron or other metallic hooks, which are driven or built into the brick
or stone wall in the nature of hold-fasts, also with other holes at the edges to
receive iron or other metallic dowels, by which each panel is so affixed to the
adjoining ones as to secure a perfectly even surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES AND CORDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Hall and Arthur Wells
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 17th October 1859.
We, WALTER HALL and ARTHUR WELLS, both of Erith, in the County of
Kent, India-rubber Web Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES AND CORDS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in manufacturing ropes and cords by combining a
core and a set or sets of longitudinal threads, yarns, strands, cords, or wires
with a set or sets of braided threads, yarns, strands, cords, or wires, by means
of the hollow tube braiding machine. The core may either be of metal or of
any other suitable material, such as hemp.
The machinery which we prefer to employ in carrying out our Invention
resembles that which we described in the Specification of an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to us, dated the 28th October 1858,
No. 2411, "Improvements in Electric Telegraph Cables, and in Machinery
employed in the Manufacture thereof."
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REDUCING THE RESISTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE TO THE PROGRESS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Prince at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1859.
I, FREDERIC PRINCE, of Hove, in the County of Sussex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REDUCING
THE RESISTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE TO THE PROGRESS OF RAILWAY TRAINS,"
to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus is intended to be affixed to the carriages con-
stituting a railway train for the purpose of reducing the resistance offered by
the atmosphere to the progress of railway trains, and more especially when
travelling at a high rate of speed. The apparatus to be employed for effecting
this object consists principally of screens or blinds attached to the end of each
carriage, and so constructed and arranged as to be readily caused to overlap
the succeeding carriage both at the top and sides, for the purpose of enclosing
the space between the ends of the carriages, and thus preventing the rush of
air caused by the high velocity at which the carriages are travelling from
acting against the front of the next carriage and impeding its progress. The
said screens or blinds may be made of any suitable material, and may be
attached to the carriages in any convenient manner; and in order further to
reduce the resistance of the atmosphere, the engine and the carriage or break
next to the engine may be fitted with a moveable front in the form of the bow
of a vessel, or the fore part of a conical bullet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1859. A communication from abroad by J. B. Thénault, of
Triancourt, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge & Son, of No. 4,
Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING," to be as follows:-
I propose to describe my improvements only as applied to the preparation
of cotton for dyeing, as with slight variation they are applicable to flax,
hemp, &c. Say, for one pound (in weight) of cotton, I take six quarts of
water, in which I dissolve two ounces of soda crystals. I take other two
quarts of water, and dissolve therein about,three-quarters of an ounce of soda
crystals, previously mixing in the water a small quantity of sheeps' dung, and
add thereto from two to three ounces of. oil, mixing the whole well, at a
moderate temperature. I now take the pound of cotton (which is previously
alumned, dried, and softened in the air), and plunge it twice into the first
preparation, which operation being performed with celerity only slightly soaks
it. I wring it quickly, shake it out, and bring it down into the oil bath,
where I work it as equally as possible until it has taken up all, or nearly all,
the oil. The cotton may then be washed and dried quickly, before dyeing
with madder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ato Temperton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1859.
I, THOMAS ATO TEMPERTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
To prevent the oil from the tobacco ascending the tube into the mouth, I
make a reservoir at the bottom part of the pipe head, making the head a little
longer than in the ordinary pipes, and placing a perforated bottom therein to
form a separation between the burning tobacco and the reservoir. The oil
falls or drops through the said perforated bottom into the reservoir, which I
draw off at pleasure by withdrawing a plug. If desirable, instead of the above
plan, I form a reservoir in the smoking tube, but in either case I make it
below the tobacco, forming or shaping the tube accordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR SHUTTERS AND FOR SIMILAR USES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ferguson and James
McGaveny at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd May 1859.
We, JAMES FERGUSON, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Tinsmith and Gas Fitter, and JAMES MCGAVENY, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Yarn Dresser, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR SHUTTERS AND FOR
SIMILAR USES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improved fasteners for shop window and other
shutters, and for similar uses.
In carrying out the Invention the ordinary fastening bolt is modified, so as
to become locked when pushed home into a socket fitted on or into the
window frame. This socket contains a catch acted upon by a spring, and
this catch is temporarily forced aside by the fastening bolt, the point of the
bolt or of the catch being bevilled to obtain this movement. On the fastening
bolt being pushed quite home, the catch springs back into a notch or hole in
the fastening bolt, and prevents its withdrawal. To remove the fastening
bolt, the catch must be drawn aside by a pin, or by a wire or cord carried to
any convenient situation. On the catch being drawn aside, a second spring
pushes the fastening bolt a slight distance outwards, and so prevents the catch
from re-entering the notch or hole, and at the same time facilitates the removal
of the bolt. The details of the contrivance are obviously susceptible of various
modifications.
MINING APPARATUS FOR USE IN MINING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS, AND ALSO FOR SEPARATING THE SMALL COAL AND CRUSHED ORES FROM THE SHALE, DIRT, AND OTHER MATTERS WITH WHICH IT MAY BE IN COMBINATION, AND FOR DRYING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Plimsoll at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1859.
I, SAMUEL PLIMSOLL, of 32, Hatton Garden, E.C., London, in the County
of Middlesex, Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "MINING APPARATUS FOR USE IN MINING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS, AND ALSO
FOR SEPARATING THE SMALL COAL AND CRUSHED ORES FROM THE SHALE, DIRT, AND
OTHER MATTERS WITH WHICH IT MAY BE IN COMBINATION, AND FOR DRYING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
To substitute for the pick at present employed in mining coal, a circular or a
segmental saw centring in a saddle, which traverses one, two, or more parallel
rods of iron placed horizontally for holing or undermining, and vertically for
the perpendicular cuts required for straight work. And whereas the tool at
present used for boring a shot hole is a plain drill like a long chisel pushed in
and out by hand, I propose to put a screw thread upon its stem, which shall
work through a bush fixed in an upright punch near the face of the coal; this
will supply a fulcrum, and give much greater force to the drill: And
whereas small coal is at present separated from shale, dirt, &c., and lead (and
other minerals) from its crushed matrix by forcing water through the perforated
plate, on which the small coal, crushed ore, &c., is placed, this temporarily
suspending the whole, gives time for the heavier particles gradually to take the
lower place, and thus form a substratum. This action of the water is produced

page_text: at present by steam engines working plungers or pistons, or both. I propose to
obtain the motion by simply turning the steam into the water below the coal or
crushed ore, or by generating steam in the vessel itself by kindling a fire
beneath it, thus obviating the necessity for using a steam engine or machinery
at all, the steam pipes to be coated with white enamel to diminish the radiation
of heat; the drying of the washed materials to be effected by air heated by a
cockle of iron enclosed in one or more coverings of sheet iron; also enamelled
as aforesaid, to diminish the radiation of heat, this hot air to be available also
for heating buildings and other purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRESERVING TIMBER, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Abbott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 21st December
1859. A communication from abroad by James Campbell Francis
Calvert, resident at the Dardanelles, in Turkey.
I, WILLIAM ABBOTT, of No. 118, Cambridge Street, Warwick Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRESERVING TIMBER, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR
RAILWAY PURPOSES."-(A communication from abroad, by James Campbell
Francis Calvert, resident at the Dardanelles, in Turkey,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preserving of timber from wet or dry rot,
insects, and other such like injuries to which timber is susceptible, in a more
economical, simple, and efficient manner than heretofore, and is particularly
adapted for railway and building purposes. The timber which, in preference,
is to be the "pitch pine," or other timber containing resinous matter is to be
cut the desired length and size, and then subjected to heat by means of
roasting, baking in ovens of any suitable construction, or steam, which has the
effect of bringing a portion of the resinous matter to the surface, and forming
a hard coat or crust, at the same time drying the sap within the wood, thereby
adding to its strength, and preventing any absorption of moisture.
This process being well adapted for railway sleepers, telegraph posts, and all
building purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF IRON RAILS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1859.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF IRON RAILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the makeing of iron rails of two parts, namely, a
base rail and a top plate; these are then fastened together and form the rail.
The top plate may be made of steel or superiour iron to obtain greater
durability at a less cost.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF GAS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Skertchly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1859.
I, JOSEPH SKERTCHLY, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of Leicester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, in the construction of oscillating valves for regulating the supply of
gas to the burner. These valves work in mercury, and are so arranged as
to release on one side of their centres a corresponding amount of mercury to
the displacement on the other. By this means the balance of the valve is
maintained at a fixed weight, owing to the equilibrium of mercurial displace-
ment. One side of these oscillating valves presents a larger surface to the
action of the gas than the other, and by loading to the required pressure the side
least exposed, the valve will remain stationary until the gas exerts a pressure
superior to this load upon the more largely exposed side, which will cause the
latter to descend into the mercury, and the loaded side to rise out of it in the
same proportion. By this action the admission of gas from the supply pipe
may be regulated.
Secondly, I construct a vertical action valve by means of a small inverted
cup with slits or openings at its edges. This cup I surround with a solid or
hollow ring of larger area than the cross section of the cup, and connect them
together, but leave a small space between. The cup and ring thus connected
float on mercury, and being loaded to the desired weight operate as follows:-

page_text: Gas being admitted through a pipe into the cup above the surface of the
mercury, escapes through the slits or openings, and rises between the cup and
ring, and when the pressure of the gas exceeds the initial pressure of the
valve it acts on the large surface of the ring, pressing it down, and carrying
the cup along with it into the mercury, and as the slits or openings gradually
descend beneath the mercurial surface, the supply of gas is proportionately
lessened.
Thirdly, either separately or in connection with either of the preceding
arrangements I reduce the pressure of gas by causing it to percolate through
any suitable depth or thickness of granulated material. By this means the
column of gas is broken up, and more equally diffused in its passage to the
burner.
AN IMPROVED FORM OF TUYERE POR BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1859. A communication from François Charles Bierlein, re-
siding at Lingolshein (Bas-Rhin), in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FORM OF TUYERE POR BLAST FURNACES," (a communication from
François Charles Bierlein, residing at Lingolshein (Bas-Rhin), in the Empire
of France), to be as follows, and consists in a box or air reservoir of cast-
iron, having two elbow pipes and an opening to receive a cap of cast-iron, in
which is formed the aperture which communicates with the furnace. One of
the elbow pipes is fixed to the bellows or the fan, the other passes vertically
through the arched masonry into the interior of the furnace.
A NEW MOVEABLE STOPPER FOR GASEOUS LIQUIDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Augustin Amédée Trouttet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th July 1859.
I, PAUL AUGUSTIN AMEDEE TROUTTET, of Dijon, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MOVEABLE STOPPER FOR GASEOUS LIQUIDS," as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new stopper, which may be easily adapted to any
bottle whatever, thus permitting to make in any condition Seltz water and
other gaseous or effervescent beverages. This stopper is composed of several
parts, as follows:-The principal part is a cap of tin or other suitable metal
or material. This cap is provided with a pipe, both pipe and cap being cast of
one piece of metal, to avoid soldering. This pipe projects in the interior of
the cap, and the opening of this projection is shut by a metallic plug, which
forms one end of a small wire rod; the other end of which passing through
the side of the cap projects under the external end of the pipe. At its
external extremity this wire rod is covered with an india-rubber coating,
which is to act as a spring to expand the wire after it has been pressed upon,
and for preventing any escape of gas through the hole at the moment of the
pressure. The working of this cap is the following:-When pressing on
the external end of the wire rod, the inner end with the plug recedes from the
internal projection of the pipe, so giving a free egress to the gaseous or
effervescent liquid; when the pressure has ceased, the wire rod pushed back by

page_text: the elasticity of its india-rubber envelop, and by the strength of the gas,
retakes its former and ordinary place, and the plug abuting the inner end of
the pipe, shuts it close so as to prevent any escape either of liquid or of gas;
the cap is terminated at its bottom by a perforated plug provided with an
india-rubber band, which, pressing against the lip of the neck of the bottle,
stops it up. The hole of this plug is provided with a wire gauze to prevent
the passage of anything else than the liquid. The cap is held in a firm
position against the lip of the neck of the bottle by a double wire fixed at one
end to a metallic ring set at the neck of the bottle, and attached at its other
end to the same ring by means of a rack so disposed as to fit to any length;
this double wire passes on a sort of pulley made of metal or any other suitable
material, which is kept in position by a screw regulating the degree of pressure
to a nicety. The ring is fixed to the neck of the bottle by a screw uniting the
two ends of the ring.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR TAKING MONEY ON THE COUNTERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean François Félix Leroux at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1859.
I, JEAN FRANÇOIS FELIX LEROUX, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR TAKING
MONEY ON THE COUNTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus for facilitating the collection of
money on counters or in other places where large quantities are taken or
changed, such as at theatres, railway stations, or other similar places. This
apparatus consists of a frame to which is stretched a sheet of vulcanized or
other india-rubber, gutta-percha, or other elastic substance. The elasticity or
suppleness of the sheet permits of the pieces of money being readily laid hold
of and picked up. At the centre of this flexible sheet is fixed a plate of
copper or other substance on which the coin may be struck for ascertaining
its quality by the sound.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN FLATTENING AND TEMPERING STEEL WIRE AND SHEET STEEL AND ALSO IN THE TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gray and Thomas Houghton
Scholfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th December 1859.
We, ROBERT GRAY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Wire Drawer and
Crinoline Steel Manufacturer, and THOMAS HOUGHTON SCHOLFIELD, of the same
Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN FLATTENING AND TEMPERING STEEL WIRE AND SHEET STEEL, AND
ALSO IN THE TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The steel, whether in wire or sheet, is caused to pass through fire-clay tubes
placed in a suitable furnace, from which tubes the steel advances to the rolls,
which are kept cold by hollow casings supplied continually with cold water.
DISENGAGING AND ABSTRACTING MINERALS, ESPECIALLY COPPER, FROM MINERAL WATERS, MORE PARTICULARLY FROM WATER DRAWN FROM OR ISSUING OUT OF COPPER OR SULPHURIC MINES, AND FOR PRECIPITATING OR DEPOSITING SUCH MINERALS IN SUCH WATERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert McCall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1859.
I, ROBERT MCCALL, of Ovoca, in the County of Wicklow, Civil Engineer, at
present stopping at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Co. Dublin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "DISENGAGING AND ABSTRACTING
MINERALS, ESPECIALLY COPPER, FROM MINERAL WATERS, MORE PARTICULARLY FROM
WATER DRAWN FROM OR ISSUING OUT OF COPPER OR SULPHURIC MINES, AND FOR
PRECIPITATING OR DEPOSITING SUCH MINERALS IN SUCH WATERS," to be as
follows:-
I add or mix a certain proportion of pulverized grey or white magnetic ore
of iron with the mineral waters which issue or are drawn from copper and
sulphur mines, and other sulphuric waters.
By the application of the said pulverized iron ore, the copper held in suspen-
sion or solution in the said water is disengaged, and is set free and precipitated
to the bottom of the cistern or receiver containing the said waters, and the
residuum or remaining mineral substances are carried by the water into a
reservoir, where they form into yellow ochre, which is also precipitated or
deposited in the bottom. At convenient times the water is let run out of the
cistern or receiver containing the said precipitate of copper, and it is then
removed and exposed to the action of the sun and atmosphere to dry it, which
completes the process, and renders the copper fit for market.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ARGAND & OTHER GAS BURNERS PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OIL & OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1859.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ARGAND & OTHER GAS BURNERS PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OIL & OTHER
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in argand and other burners relates to the
regulation of the air to the flame, whereby better combustion of the gas is
ensured and a better light produced. I enclose the lower part of the gallery of
the argand burner, and surround it by perforated partitions or diaphragms
through which the air has to pass to the flame. I either employ a double
thickness of perforated material, the one fixed and the other movable, so that
by turning the loose one round the perforations and passages of the air will be
enlarged or decreased, and the admission of air thereby regulated as may
be required.
Instead of the perforated material acting as the regulating passage, it may
be simply a distributing diaphragm enclosed within an outer casing, to which
the air is admitted and regulated in its admission by a tap or other con-
trivance. I separate the channel for the air to the interior of the argand
light from that leading to the exterior, so as to effect the regulation of the air
thereto independent the one from the other.

page_text: These improvements are also applicable to other gas lights by enclosing
them entirely below, and admitting and regulating the air in the manner
described. These improvements may also be applied to the burners of oil and
other lamps.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF PREPARING WOOL FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARDING OR COMBING IT, WITH A VIEW TO ITS BEING AFTERWARDS WOVE INTO THREAD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sharpe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1859. A communication from abroad by Hyppolyte Dubeux, residing at
Lisbon, in Portugal, Merchant.
I, HENRY SHARPE, of Number Twenty-six Broad Street Buildings, in the
City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF PREPARING WOOL FOR THE PURPOSE OF
CARDING OR COMBING IT, WITH A VIEW TO ITS BEING AFTERWARDS WOVE INTO
THREAD," to be as follows:-
I adopt a new process for the preparation of wool for carding or combing by
the application of a combination of linseed, carbonate of soda, and sulphate of
zinc. I put a quantity of linseed into water in which carbonate of soda or
alkali is dissolved, and I boil the same; I then add some sulphate of zinc to
the liquid, which is formed by such boiling and I then apply the liquid so
prepared to the wool before carding or combing it. By this process I am
able to dispense with a large portion of the olive oil which has been hitherto
used in the preparation of wool for carding and combing, and thereby much
reduce the expence of preparing the wool for carding or combing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PORTRAITS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richardson Earle and
Edwin John Barnes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
their Petition, on the 3rd October 1859.
We, WILLIAM RICHARDSON EARLE & EDWIN JOHN BARNES, of Queen's
Terrace, Queen's Head Lane, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Artists
in Hair, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PORTRAITS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in photographic and other portraits relates
to the application of some of the hair of the person, of whom the portrait is
a representation, to the portrait in the position and in the natural manner
of the hair of that person or otherwise, or it may be of the hair of any other
person or kind.
In its application to photographic portraits, I cement the hair to the front
or back of the material on which the portrait is taken, if that material is
transparent it must however be in front in cases where the material is opaque.
We also apply hair in like manner to oil and other painted portraits to
enhance the effect and produce greater resemblance.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BREWING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pickering at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1859.
I, CHARLES PICKERING, of Tonbridge, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
BREWING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a portable apparatus for brewing, and the novelty
consists in constructing the principal parts thereof in the following manner :—
1st, it is proposed to make the copper case fluted or corrugated to hold
fire clay or cement. 2ndly, it is proposed to make the mashing tun square
instead of round, as heretofore commonly practised; also to form a chamber
around said square, into which hot liquor is to be admitted for maintaining the
heat of the wort. It is also proposed to adapt a novel arrangement of mashing
gear to the aforesaid square. 3rdly, it is proposed to make the cooler into
parts. 4thly, it is proposed to make the circulating channels or conduits of
the refrigerator of corrugated metal. 5th, it is proposed to fit the working
squares or "gyle tuns" with mechanical agitators, also balm separator to
separate the yeast from the beer. This separator forms an important part of
this Invention, as it dispenses with the cleansing process in brewing, and
further, the "attenuation" may be carried on to any point. Parts of the above
improved apparatus are applicable to brewing apparatus of the ordinary
construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS FOR REGISTERING THE QUANTITY PRODUCED BY SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Winstanley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1859.
I, EDWARD WINSTANLEY, Cotton Spinner, Ashton-under-Lyne, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS
FOR REGISTERING THE QUANTITY PRODUCED BY SPINNING MACHINERY," to be
as follows:-
The Invention consists of an improved mode of indicating and registering
the quantity produced by roving frames and other machines used in spinning
cotton, wool, or other fibrous materials, by employing a worm or wheel to
convey motion from the machine to two wheels having a differential number of
teeth, in connection with which two wheels, an index 'and pointer are used;
and further, in covering the moving parts of the indicator so as to prevent
tampering with or producing false indications.
A SYSTEM OF LETTER PAPER, LETTER INVOICES, LETTER CIRCULARS, PRICES CURRENTS, MEMORANDUMS, AND OTHER MISSIVES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Dietens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1859.
I, PETER DIETENS, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SYSTEM OF LETTER
PAPER, LETTER INVOICES, LETTER CIRCULARS, PRICES CURRENTS, MEMORANDUMS,
AND OTHER MISSIVES," to be as follows:-
The sheet of paper is made of a suitable form or shape to allow the printing
on the back part thereof of the name of the town from whence the letter is
sent, and the three first letters of the date; the christian and surname of the
writer with his profession; the words received the
answered the
On invoices, the total amount thereof, with the names of
the principal articles in which the writer deals, &c.; on another part of the
letter is printed the name of the town to which the letter is to be sent,
the letter M as the initial for Mr., Mrs., &c., the name, profession, and residence
of the person to whom the letter is sent. By this plan no letter will require
to be opened to ascertain the writer, and they will be more easily classified in
the post office on account of the addresses being legible and uniform, &c.
Straw Bonnet Manufacturer.
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1859.-A communication from abroad by Jean Ulrich
Wild, of Nancy, in the Empire of France, Straw Bonnet Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the firm of John Gedge & Son, of No. 4,
Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FEATHERS," communicated to me from abroad by
Jean Ulrich Wild, of Nancy, in the Empire of France, Straw Bonnet
Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
I propose substituting in lieu of the natural feathers or plumes now used
for ornamenting bonnets, and for other purposes, a feather or rather bunch of
plumes made from palm leaves, making such plume or plumes either of one
piece or several, and of a white or any color or shade of color, also giving
them in the manufacture arched or curvilinear forms in order that the
shadows or light and shade obtained by the-separation of the leaves may
render the whole a light and elegant ornament suitable for all articles or
purposes for which natural feathers are now used.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING SUGAR CALLED GLUCOSE AND SIROP DE FECULE' FROM POTATOES OR FECULA, OR STARCH, OR DEXTRINE, FOR THE PURPOSES AND USES OF BREWERS, DISTILLERS, VINEGAR MAKERS, COLOURING MAKERS, OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Manbré at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1859.
I, ALEXANDRE MANBRE, of, N. 10, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING SUGAR CALLED
GLUCOSE AND SIROP DE FECULE' FROM POTATOES OR FECULA, OR STARCH, OR
DEXTRINE, FOR THE PURPOSES AND USES OF BREWERS, DISTILLERS, VINEGAR MAKERS,
COLOURING MAKERS, OR OTHERWISE," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists, first, in the saccharification of a mixture of nine
parts of potatoes or fecula, or starch, or dextrine, with one part of flour from
rice or maize, together with forty parts of water, the said mixture to be con-
verted into saccharine matter by the reaction of the diastases, or by the reaction
of the germinated barley, called malt, or by the reaction of sulphuric or any
other acid, or by the action of heat.
And, second, in improved purifying process and filtering apparatus of any
suitable kind and capacity capable of being hermetically closed, and furnished
with a perforated false bottom, upon which is placed wire gauze, also layers
of burnt bones, charcoal, woollen, felt, and flannel. Supposing the apparatus
charged with the saccharified liquid, then air or steam, or any other agent is
introduced in over the mass through a cock provided for the purpose; when
the saccharified liquid is forced through the filter and perforated false bottom

page_text: is completely purified, then it is drawn off, and received in a copper or any
other vessel for the operation called evaporation and concentration, then the
said liquid is boiled till it has acquired the proper degree of consistency re-
quired for obtaining the sugar either in a state of syrup, or hardness, or granu-
lation, or instead of introducing any agent from above to force the saccharified
liquid through the filter, a pump or vacum may be employed to draw it
through it.
NEW MEANS OF MANUFACTURING VELVET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Molozay, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th June 1859.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE MOLOZAY, of No. 68, Rue d'Angoulême du Temple, in
the City of Paris, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "NEW MEANS OF MANUFACTURING VELVET," to be as follows:-
I propose to manufacture stuffs known as velvets, forming lengthwise upon
them everything that has hitherto been necessarily formed in their breadth,
such as stripes, designs, etcetera. I use in my loom a large cog wheel-
double ratchet wheel, moving backwards and forwards to regulate the manu-
facture of the velvet above or below-lever-toothed roller-batten-the
ordinary velvet wires attached to a bar rack or a comb soldered between two
bars-double or other mesh bearings, with slides carrying steel lames, which may
be arranged in several ways in winding the the pile thread round the wires-
thread-stick-thread and piece rollers, and roller with two pullies, the one
turning the pile thread to the right, the other to the left; also taffety lever.
My arrangements may be adapted to existing looms, and may be used in the.
manufacture of plain or figured velvets; one wire drawer is dispensed with,
and the pattern or stripe may be continued indefinitely, there being no limit
but that of the design or the will of the workman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brown and William
Milne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th February 1859.
We, RICHARD BROWN, of Earith, near St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, and
WILLIAM MILNE, of Bushey, Herts, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms, and consists
in applying a bolt or stop in such a manner as to prevent the hammer striking
the cap or priming, so as to explode it until such bolt or stop is withdrawn by
the combined acts of pressing the butt of the fire-arm against the shoulder,
and of pressing the hand on a moveable piece in the stock. For this
purpose, the cap at the end of the stock is made moveable, and when pressed
on it compresses a spring, which bears against a rod concealed in a passage,
formed for it in the stock; and when it is projected forward by the spring, it
acts on instruments, herein-after described, so as to remove a bolt or stop, and
allow the hammer to fall on the cap or priming. This rod, however, cannot
be projected forward by the single act of pressing on the cap at the end of the
stock, although the spring which rests on the rod is thus compressed, for
there is a catch which locks the rod, and prevents it from moving; this catch
is connected with the moveable piece in the stock before-mentioned in such a
manner as to be withdrawn by pressure on the said moveable piece, which we
prefer should be the trigger guard, for this part is naturally pressed on when
the arm is raised to the shoulder for firing. Within the lock is placed

page_text: a sliding bolt or stop with which, unless the bolt or stop has been previously
withdrawn, the tumbler, or it may be the hammer, in its descent comes
in contact, and the hammer is thus stopped before striking the cap or priming.
When the rod before mentioned is projected forwards, the bolt or stop is
withdrawn, the end of the rod acting on a lever, which in its turn acts on the
bolt or stop, and causes it to slide out of the way of the tumbler or hammer.
When the pressure on the end of the stock is relaxed, a spring restores
the parts to their former position. It will be seen that in the arrangement
above described, the bolt or stop is so arranged that should the arm be carried
with the hammer resting on the cap or priming, and the hammer be
accidentally raised a short distance, the bolt or stop will immediately fall in,
and prevent it again descending on to the cap or priming; and we would
remark, that our Invention partly consists in arranging bolts or stops, capable
of being removed by pressure on the cap at the end of the stock, in such
manner, that the bolt or stop shall thus fall in, and prevent the hammer again
descending, after having been thus raised but a short distance above the cap
or priming.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS AND MANDRILLS FOR PRINTING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Whittaker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1859.
I, ROBERT WHITTAKER, of Lennox Mill, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC ROLLERS OR
CYLINDERS AND MANDRILLS FOR PRINTING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Tho
This Invention relates for the most part to such rollers or cylinders as are
used by calico printers and others for printing and ornamenting textile fabrics,
and it consists in the so arranging and making the rollers or cylinders as to
be capable of steadily withstanding the severe lateral strain of the printing
action whilst a small quantity of copper is used in them, and they are
extremely manageable and easily charged and adjusted when in use.
mandrill or central arbor on which the actual printing cylinder is carried, and
by which it is used, is of wrought iron, in two lengths, capable of connection
by a screwed junction. The external end of each piece of the mandrill is
formed with a conical shoulder-piece, the larger end of each cone being dis-
posed outwards. The central portion of the mandrill has fitted upon it a
short cast-iron cylinder turned inside and out, and grooved externally to
receive a fixed feather in the interior of the actual copper printing cylinder
which is fitted on over it. Each end of the mandrill has a similar wrought or
cast iron cylinder fitted on over it, wrought iron being preferred as being better
capable of resisting the setting up or adjusting strain. At the driving end of

page_text: the mandrill a key or feather is employed to connect the mandrill with
the interposed wrought-iron cylinder, and the latter is similarly con-
nected by a feather with the copper printing cylinder. In this way the
actual printing cylinder, which may be made of very thin copper, is supported
upon three interposed cylinders or tubular pieces of metal, and the setting up
of the whole into a solid working cylinder is effected by the screwing together
of the two sections of the mandrill, the cones upon which corresponding to
internal cones in the outer ends of the two interposed end cylinders, produce
the necessary jamming or supporting set up for work. Printing cylinders fitted
up in this way are stiff and capable of resisting a great amount of lateral
pressure, as the comparatively thin copper is well supported from within, so as
to preserve a dead even printing line, whilst they present superior facilities
for adjustment and removal.
AN INDICATING METER TAP
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Rhone at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1859.
I, JONATHAN RHONE, of Leman Street, Whitechapel, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN INDICATING METER TAP," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to allow of the quantity of spirits or other
liquids being indicated as drawn off, so as to act as a tell-tale against the
drawer; and the Invention consists in fitting to a suitably constructed plug of
a cock or tap a syringe, with side rods and a projecting tongue attached to
them. The said plug differs from the ordinary plug in having but one side
opening, and that communicating with the syringe by an opening through its
top. The aforesaid tongue works in connexion with an indicator, and effects
the desired object by the action herein-after described. The liquid is drawn
into the syringe by raising the piston to the necessary height, according to the
measure required; then by turning the syringe a double action is effected as
follows, viz., the before-mentioned tongue passes through a corresponding guide
space, which, connecting with the aforesaid indicator, determines the quantity
drawn; and the plug being reversed, the side opening now communicates with
the outlet of the tap, so that by forcing the piston downwards the measure is
delivered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE PRESSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Maggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1859.
I, OLIVER MAGGS, of Bourton, in the County of Dorset, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE PRESSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cheese presses. For this
purpose a press is made with a suitable bed plate or surface, on to which the
cheese is placed, and it has two or other convenient number of uprights, which
serve to guide the platter or pressing surface as it is raised or lowered by a
screw. The two uprights are connected together by a suitable crosshead or
framing, in the centre of which is formed a hollow socket to receive elastic or
spring material, by preference, rings of vulcanized india-rubber. The nut in
which the screw works is formed with a projecting flange at its lower end, on
which are two descending guide pins, which pass through two holes in the
lower part or plate of the hollow socket formed in the crosshead. On the
flange around the nut one or more rings of vulcanized india-rubber or other
elastic material is or are placed; and there is a shoulder within the hollow
socket in the head of the press, against which the upper ring of india-rubber
presses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS AND PIGMENTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1859. A communication from abroad by Francis Gybbon Spilsbury,
of Louvain, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 52, King William Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS AND
PIGMENTS," to be as follows:-
I take sulphate of lead, and heat it to a red heat, either by itself or mixed,
with alumina or other earths, or with mixtures of the same with or without
the addition thereto of carbon or organic matter. The pigments resulting
from the above processes I wash, if necessary, first with sulphuric acid, then
with water, and finally dry the same. I also digest the said pigaments,
previous to drying them, with salts of tungstic acid, molybdic acid, titanic
acid, tantalic acid, arsenic acid, acids of antimony, or other metallic acid, or
with mixtures of the above salts, whereby a combination between the sulphate
of lead and the metallic acid or acids is obtained, and the resulting pigments
1 dry in like manner, after having washed them from all adhearing salt. Any
of the dry pigments resulting from the above process may be mixed with oil
or other vehicle, and used as a paint, after the manner of white lead or any
similar pigment.