Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Illuminating and Heating Gas.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application. 28th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1891-Accepted. 28th Apr., 1992
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Illuminating
and Heating Gas.
I, WALTER HEBDEN WILSON, of Cambridge Road, Waterloo, in the County
of Lancaster, Ship Owner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:--
This invention has reference to those processes of making illuminating or heating
gases in which tar or analogous hydro-carbons are distilled and utilized.
According to this invention, tar is introduced into a heated chamber or duct and
distilled, and the resulting gases are combined with coal gas (or other analogous
gas containing hydrogen), the combination being effected at or within a chamber or
duct at a comparatively low temperature. The coal gas or other hydrogenized gas
is thereby subjected to such a temperature as will effect the required combination,
but will not have any deleterious effect upon its illuminating qualities.
In carrying out the invention according to one mode, the tar is introduced into
an externally heated duct or chamber at a high temperature and gasified, whilst
the illuminating coal gas is introduced into a different or separate portion of such
duct or chamber which is maintained at a much lower temperature, say under or
about a dull red-heat, and there mixes or combines with the gases resulting from
the distillation of the tar, which gases will be still hot, that is to say, they are
not materially reduced in temperature at the moment they combine with the coal
gases.
In a modified mode of carrying out the invention, the combination of tar gases
and coal gas may be effected in an entirely separate and distinct duct or chamber
maintained at the requisite low temperature, the tar gases being led thereto by
suitable conduits from the tar distilling chamber or duct whilst the coal gas is
conveyed from any portion of the plant or gas works or from a gas main thereto in
any suitable way, the two gases being so introduced as to effect a proper combination.
These gases should be artificially cooled upon leaving their ducts or chambers.
It is to be understood that this invention may be applied in connection with
ordinary coal gas making benches, or with separate benches or structures of
chambers or ducts.
Dated this 26th day of March 1891
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Illuminating
and Heating Gas.
I, WALTER HEBDEN WILSON, of Cambridge Road, Waterloo in the County
of Lancaster, Ship Owner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to those processes of making illuminating or heating
gases in which tar or analogous hydro-carbon is distilled and utilized.
According to this invention, tar is introduced into a heated chamber or duct and
distilled, and the resulting gases are combined with coal gas (or other analogous gas),
the combination being effected at or within a chamber or duct at a comparatively low
temperature. The coal gas or other gas is thereby subjected to such a temperaturc

page_text: as will effect the required combination, but will not have any deleterious effect upon
its illuminating qualities.
In carrying out the invention according to one mode the tar is introduced into an
externally heated duct or chamber at a high temperature and gasified, whilst the
illuminating coal gas is introduced into a différent or separate portion of such duct
or chamber which is maintained at a much lower temperature, say under or about
a dull red heat, and there mixes or combines with the gases resulting from the
distillation of the tar, which gases will be still hot, that is to say, they are not
materially reduced in temperature at the moment they combine with the coal gases.
In a modified form of carrying out this invention, the combination of tar gases
and coal gas may be effected in an entirely separate and distinct duct or chamber
maintained at the required low temperature, the tar gases being led thereto by
suitable conduits from the tar distilling chamber or duct, whilst the coal gas is
conveyed from any portion of the plant or gas works or from a gas main thereto in
any suitable way, the two, gases being so introduced as to effect a proper combination.
These gases should be artificially cooled upon leaving their ducts or chamber.
It is to be understood that this invention may be applied in connection with
ordinary coal gas making benches, or with separate benches or structures of chambers
or ducts.
In the drawings which serve to illustrate by one example this invention,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement of apparatus in and by which
this invention may be practised.
Figure 2 is a plan shewing the plant; and
Figure 3 is a transverse section.
With reference to the drawings, A is the retort or chamber, or part of the retort
or chamber, in which the distillation of the tar takes place, whilst B is the retort
or chamber, or part of the retort or chamber in which the coal or other gases used
to combine with the tar gases are introduced. is the conduit by which the
combined tar and other gases are led away and wherein they are cooled artificially by
a cooling fluid externally or otherwise applied. D is the trap device by which tar
is introduced into the apparatus. E is the pipe by which the combining coal gases
(or other hydro-carbon gas) are introduced into the apparatus. F is the brick-
work of the outer wall in which the apparatus is set. Gis a furnace. H are the
flues, and I dampers or valves therein by which the temperature of parts of the
retorts or apparatus may be controlled and maintained at the required degree.
With reference now to the drawings, the tar, it will be seen, is distilled in the
portion A of the retort, and is subjected, practically, to the full heat of the furnace
gases; or under any circumstances, it should be kept at such a heat as will cause
the distillation of the tar to be thorough and effective. From the portion B₁ of the
retort, that is, from the point at which the mixing gas is actually delivered into it,
to the point of outlet, it, the retort, may be more or less surrounded, or covered,
with brickwork, by which this portion of the retort may be the more easily
maintained at a sufficiently low temperature as will prevent any destruction or
deterioration of the illuminating properties of the gas to take place. The
temperature of this part B may be kept at say, about 900 degrees Fah., or even
less.
With respect to the keeping cool, or comparatively cool, of the portion B of the
retoit or chamber, this is partially done in the particular arrangement shewn, (but
it may be done in other ways than this) by utilizing the heating gases after they
have been used to maintain at the requisite high temperature, the retort A or
portion A of the retort; such gases in this case simply pass from the furnace or
chamber G, to the chamber G within which the retort or portion B is disposed;
from this chamber the gases pass away to the flue H. It is immaterial, generally
speaking, as to what method is adapted in creating the difference of temperature in
the different parts of the retorts or chambers, or different retorts or chambers, so
long as the differential temperatures are such as to effect the ends sought.
In Figure 2 a twin retort is employed, as will be seen, tar being introduced and

page_text: distilled in A, and the hydro-carbon gas introduced and mixed with the tar gases,
made in A, in B.
In some arrangements whether continuous or separate retorts or parts A and B
be employed, the retort or part A may be set at an inclination, and provided at its
lower end with a pipe by which any tar remaining undistilled when it has reached
the lower end is led away therefrom, said pipe being sealed at its lower end in a
suitable liquid.
Having now described my invention and shewn certain means by which it may
be carried out, I wish it to be understood, that it is not confined in any way to the
particular mode of and arrangement for its carrying out as specified herein with
reference to the drawings, since this mode of operation, and arrangement for
effecting it, only sets forth one example of the application and means of practising
the substance or essential characteristics or features of the invention; but what I
claim in respect of my invention is :-
1. The herein described method of manufacturing illuminating gas, consisting in
distilling tar, or equivalent heavy hydro-carbon, in a chamber or retort or part of a
chamber or retort at a high temperature, and combining with such tar gases, coal
gas (or other hydro-carbon gas) within another chamber or retort or part of a
chamber or retort at a relatively low temperature.
2. Effecting the production of illuminating gas from tar and coal gas (or other
hydrocarbon gas), at differential temperatures, substantially in the manner herein
above set forth.
3. In the manufacture of illuminating gas from tar, introducing such tar into a
distilling retort or chamber, and carrying off a portion thereof undistilled; sub-
stantially as set forth.
4. The mode of and means for effecting the production of illuminating gas from
tar and coal gas (or other hydrocarbon gas set forth with reference to the
drawings.
Dad the nul 1
1041
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.