IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE PRESSURE AND DIRECTION OF THE WIND
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Marino Casella of Hampstead in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
AND RECORDING THE PRESSURE AND DIRECTION OF THE WIND."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Marino Casella at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1882.
LOUIS MARINO CASELLA of Hampstead in the County of Middlesex, " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE PRESSURE AND
DIRECTION OF THE WIND
"
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for indicating and
graphically recording the pressure and the true or absolute direction of the wind.
The term "true or absolute direction" is herein intended to designate the direction,
both with regard to the points of the compass, and also with regard to the
plane of the horizon. For greater clearness I will hereinafter distinguish the
former component as the direction simply, and the latter component as the angle or
plane of the wind.
The Invention comprises improvements in the apparatus for ascertaining and
measuring these or certain of these results, and also in the mechanism for graphically
recording them, hereinafter referred to as the registering mechanism.
The improvements in the apparatus for ascertaining the pressuro and true or
absolute direction of the wind, consist first in combining the apparatus for
ascertaining these two results so that the surface upon which the pressure of the
wind acts for the purpose of measurement, is always maintained truly perpendicular
to the wind, whereby a source of error common to other anemometers is eliminated.
The improvements in said apparatus consist secondly in means for preventing the
motion of said surface (hereinafter termed the pressure board) under the varying
force of the wind from affecting the action of the apparatus for indicating the angle
or plane of the wind. Thirdly in the construction of a single vane combining the
vane for indicating the direction with that for indicating the angle or plane of the
wind, the single vane thus indicating the true or absolute direction.

page_text: The improvement in the means for measuring the pressure of the wind consists
in measuring the amount of the wind's pressure upon the pressure board by the
displacement of a column of mercury by a plunger whose volume may be propor-
tional at different points to the graduations of the scale on which its motions are
recorded, and further, it consists in the construction and arrangement of the
mechanism for transmitting the motion, due to the winds' pressure upon the
pressure board, to the measuring plunger.
The improvements in the registering mechanism for recording graphically the
motions of the pressure board and the vane or vanes, consist first, in the mode of
mounting the carriages or holders for the recording pencils or styluses, whereby
the friction of these parts is reduced to a minimum and the maximum of sensitive-
ness of the apparatus and of accuracy of its records, is obtained. Secondly, in the
combination with a straight clock-actuated scale divided in width to represent the
whole compass circle, of two or more pencils or styluses and various arrangements
of actuating mechanism therefor receiving motion from the direction vane, whereby
there is always another pencil or stylus in position ready to enter on the scale at
one side when the first one is leaving it at the other side, whichever way the
direction of the wind may change, and however many revolutions the vane may be
caused to make by aggregate or successive changes of the wind the same way
around the horizon. Thirdly, in the combination with the vane for indicating the
angle or plane of the wind, of mechanism for graphically recording the same.
Lastly, the Invention consists in the whole combination of apparatus as
hereinafter more fully described.
The apparatus for indicating the direction of the wind consists of a vane
constructed of a pair of diverging blades fixed to a cap mounted to rotate about a
vertical axis in the usual manner, the motion of this vane being transmitted as
usual through a vertical tubular shaft passing downwards through the usual fixed
column to the registering mechanism. This tubular shaft, hereinafter called the
direction tube, is made to operate the styluses which record its movements through
the medium of a pinion and wheel in the ratio of one to two, so that one revolution
of the direction tube and pinion would cause a half revolution of the wheel and a
movement of the stylus equal to the width of the scale. I may use any arrange-
ment of mechanism by which two or more styluses may be operated, so that
whichever way round the compass the wind may change, there will always be one
ready to enter on the scale at one side when another leaves it at the other side.
I will proceed to describe several examples of the way this may be carried into
effect.
According to one arrangement the motion of the wheel above mentioned is
transmitted unchanged to spring or weighted pencils mounted at a distance apart
equal to the width of the scale and carried by a sun and planet motion so geared
as to always maintain the pencils in an upright position and whereby, whilst the
one is caused to traverse the scale, the other is raised off the scale and brought over
to the other side in readiness to enter on the scale immediately the first pencil
leaves it.
According to another arrangement the above mentioned wheel gears with
another of same diameter and each is provided with a semicircle of teeth which
gears with and actuates a rack, each rack carrying a pencil. These half spur
wheels actuate their corresponding racks and pencils alternately, the one remaining
out of action whilst the other is in work, and vice versa.
Another arrangement consists of two pencils mounted upon the same sliding
carriage at a distance apart equal to the width of the scale, each pencil being
provided with a wedge like cam by which it is lifted off the paper on arriving at
the edge of the scale. In this case the to and fro motion of the carriage upon the
slide is obtained by a crank and system of jointed links and rods operated thereby,
and the cams are operated simultaneously so as to bring one or other pencil into
operation by a link jointed to one of the above mentioned rods, the cams being so

page_text: arranged as to bring the one or other pencil down upon the paper, according to the
direction in which the crank pin may move from its dead point.
Another arrangement consists of an endless steel band running on a pair of
sheaves one of which may be on the direction tube itself or geared directly there-
with without the use of the two to one wheel and pinion above mentioned. This
band carries three or more spring pencils fixed upon it in positions parallel with
the axes of the sheaves on which the band runs. As one pencil is moving across
the scale the others are brought round by the other half of the band so as to be in
position to act whenever required.
Another arrangement consists of a number of pencils fitted to slide up and down
in fixed guides equally spaced across the width of the scale and adapted to be acted
on individually by one turn of a worm thread whose pitch is equal to the width of
the scale and which is carried by a cylinder rotated by the direction tube.
Another arrangement consists in actuating the pencil by the clock and using a
separate scale on an independent cylinder actuated by the direction tube. I do not
however prefer this arrangement as it involves a separate record.
The apparatus for indicating the angle or plane of the wind, by which is meant
the direction and extent of its divergence from a horizontal plane, consists of a
similar vane mounted to oscillate upon a horizontal axis within the vane first
described, and so balanced or arranged as to normally assume when no wind
is blowing, a position in which its longitudinal axis is horizontal, which is herein
referred to as its normal position. To ensure this the vane is brought to a
condition of stable equilibrium as near to that of indifferent equilibriumn as it is
possible to bring it. Or it may be brought back to its normal position by the
action of a weight, or of a light spring. The oscillating motion of this angle vane
may be transmitted to its appropriate registering mechanism, either by a tubular
connecting rod jointed directly or through suitable levers or otherwise to the vane
and moving up and down in the direction tube, and so geared or connected with
the carriage of a stylus that its longitudinal motion only affects the latter, which
thus records upon an appropriate scale the oscillations of the vane due to the
varying upward or downward inclination at which the wind may blow. Or the
oscillation of the vane may be transmitted by the rotation of a shaft geared with
the vane by spur and bevel gearing.
Instead of separate vanes for indicating the direction and the angle or plane of
the wind, the two may be combined in one having a more or less conical or
pyramidal form and capable of oscillation about vertical and horizontal axes so as
to assume a position corresponding to the true or absolute direction of the wind.
The pressure board is a disc or plate fixed to a guide rod fitted to slide in
suitable guides in the frame of the vane which indicates the angle or plane of the
wind (or of the compound vane just referred to.) In order to lessen the error due
to friction, the said guide rod is fitted to work on friction rollers, and in order to
prevent the inward and outward motion of the pressure board affecting the balance
and consequently the indications of the other parts of the apparatus, its motion is
constantly and exactly compensated by a movable weight so connected to the
pressure board as to be moved in the opposite direction thereto, and to a
proportionate extent so as to maintain the balance of the vane in all positions of
the pressure board. The motion of the pressure board is transmitted to the
plunger (for measuring by the displacement of mercury, the wind pressure exerted
on the pressure board) by means of a chain or rack gear or bell cranks and
connecting rods or other mechanical motion attached to or actuated by the guide
rod of the pressure board.
The longitudinal axis of this guide rod intersects the horizontal and vertical axes
of oscillation and the chain passes over a guide pulley whose axis is vertically
beneath the horizontal axis of the vanes, and which pulley is of such diameter and
so situated that the axis of the pressure board, and that of the direction tube, are
truly tangential to the pitch circle of the chain encircling the guide pulley in order
that no error shall be caused by the varying position of the vanes. To prevent the

page_text: weight of this chain or other connection from affecting the accuracy of the records,
it is exactly counterbalanced by a weight attached to a chain passing over the
same guide pulley.
The pressure board chain or other connection passes down through the direction
tube and is attached directly to the bottom of the frame carrying the displacement
plunger immersed in the mercury cistern. This frame is constructed of guide rods
joined together above and below the mercury cistern and working up and down
against guide sheaves mounted around the cistern. The plunger may have a
uniform or varying displacement for each increment of immersion corresponding to
the successive divisions of the scale, according as it is desired that the scale shall
be uniformly graduated throughout, or more or less open for the lower, and more
or less compressed for the higher (and less frequent) measurements.
The lower end of the plunger is permanently immersed to such an extent as to
exactly counterbalance the weight of the plunger and its frame, the marker under
these circumstances standing at zero of the scale. In order to check the motion of
the plunger and avoid inaccuracy in the indications due to the momentum of the
parts, the lower end of the plunger is provided with a disc fitting more or less
closely to the sides of the mercury cistern so as to prevent the too rapid passage of
the mercury from one side of said disc to the other. The carriage of the marker is
connected to the frame in such manner that the motions of the plunger are
transmitted to the marker either unchanged or through multiplying gear, as may
be desired.
The carriages for the several markers are all mounted to travel upon rollers
running upon the oppositely bevelled edges of a horizontal bar by which they are
truly guided with the least possible friction. The scales for the different records
are marked upon a sheet of paper wrapped round a barrel rotated at a uniform
speed by a clock movement in the usual way in recording meteorological
instruments.
In cases where it may be desirable to have the recording apparatus at a distance
from the indicating or working apparatus, or to operate several records in different
localities, motion may be transmitted from the working to the registering
mechanism through the agency of electricity.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Louis Marino Casella in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1883.
LOUIS MARINO CASELLA of Hampstead in the County of Middlesex " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE PRESSURE AND
DIRECTION OF THE WIND."
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for indicating and graphically
recording the pressure and the true direction of the wind. The term "true
direction" is herein intended to designate the direction relatively both to the
points of the compass and to the plane of the horizon. For greater clearness I will
hereinafter distinguish the former component as the direction simply, and the latter
component as the angle or plane of the wind.
The Invention comprises improvements in the apparatus for ascertaining and
measuring these or certain of these results and also in the mechanism (hereinafter
referred to as the registering mechanism) for graphically recording them all upon
the same sheet of paper in juxtaposition for convenient reference.
The improvements in the apparatus for ascertaining the pressure and true
direction of the wind, consist first in combining the apparatus for ascertaining
these two results so that the surface upon which the pressure of the wind acts for
the purpose of measurement, is always maintained truly perpendicular to the wind
whereby a source of error common to other anemometers is eliminated.
The improvements in said apparatus consist secondly in means for preventing
the motion of said surface (herein after termed the pressure board) under the
varying force of the wind, from affecting the action of the apparatus by which the
angle or plane of the wind is indicated.
The improvement in the means for measuring the pressure of the wind consists
in measuring the amount of the pressure exerted upon the pressure board by the
displacement of a column of mercury by a plunger whose sectional area may be
variable at different points to enable the graduations of the scale on which its
motions are recorded to be variable as may be required, and also consists in the
construction and arrangement of the mechanism for transmitting the motion of the
pressure board due to the varying pressure of the wind thereon to the measuring
plunger.
The improvements in the registering mechanism for recording graphically the
motions of the pressure board and the vane or vanes, consist first in the mode of
mounting the carriages or holders for the recording pencils or styluses whereby the
friction of these parts is reduced to a minimum and the maximum of sensitiveness
of the apparatus and of accuracy of its records is obtained. Secondly, in the
combination with a straight clock actuated scale divided in width to represent the
whole compass circle, of two or more pencils or styluses and various arrangements
of actuating mechanism therefor receiving motion from the direction vane, whereby
there is always another pencil or stylus in position ready to enter on the scale at
one side when the first one is leaving it at the other side, whichever way the
direction of the wind may change and however many revolutions the vane may be
caused to make by aggregate or successive changes of the wind the same way
around the horizon. Thirdly, in the combination with the vane for indicating the
angle or plane of the wind, of mechanism for graphically recording the same.
Lastly, the Invention consists in the whole combination of apparatus as herein-
after more fully described.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1
shows in elevation the general arrangement of the whole apparatus, and Figure 2
shows a plan of the vanes. Figures 3 to 18 show details on a larger scale.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the pressure board guides, the lower part being in
section to show the mode of mounting the direction vane. Figure 4 is a cross
section of the same taken through the axis of oscillation, and Figure 5 is a plan.

page_text: Figure 6 is an elevation of the mercury cistern partly in section showing the
plunger and its connections. Figure 7 is a top plan, and Figure 8 a horizontal
section on line 1-1 Figure 6 of the same. Figure 9 is a front elevation,
Figure 10 is a side elevation, and Figure 11 a plan of the registering mechanism.
Figure 12 is a front elevation, Figure 13 an end elevation, and Figure 14 a plan of
the mechanism for registering the direction of the wind, this mechanism being
similar to that shown in previous figures, but drawn separately and on a larger
scale. Figure 15 is a front elevation, Figure 16 a side elevation, and Figure 17
a plan of a second arrangement of mechanism, and Figure 18 a front and part
sectional end elevation of a third mechanism for the same purpose.
The apparatus for indicating the direction of the wind consists of a vane
constructed of a pair of diverging blades A A fixed to the cheeks B' of a casting
or cap B mounted to rotate about a vertical axis much in the usual manner, being
supported upon antifriction rollers b and rotating on a vertical tubular shaft Č
(called the direction tube) turning in the usual fixed column D through which it
passes downwards to transmit the motion of the vane A to the registering
mechanism.
The apparatus for indicating the plane of the wind, by which is meant the angle
it makes with a horizontal plane, consists of a similar vane formed by a pair of
divergent blades E E whose planes are perpendicular to those of the blades A, said
vane E being mounted to oscillate upon a horizontal axis at F within the vane A,
and so balanced or arranged as to normally assume, when no wind is blowing, a
position in which its longitudinal axis is horizontal. To ensure this the vane is
brought to a condition of stable equilibrium as near to that of indifferent equilibrium
as it is practically possible to bring it. The blades E are fixed to the flanges E³ of
The
a frame E¹ consisting of a pair of cheek plates connected rigidly together at a
suitable distance apart to admit the guide rod of the pressure board, hereafter
referred to, between them. Each is cast with a tubular boss E² to receive a stud F
screwed into the casting B, upon which studs F the whole (viz-the vane E,
frame E, and the pressure board hereafter described) oscillates freely.
oscillating motion of this angle vane E is transmitted to its appropriate registering
mechanism by a tubular connecting rod G jointed by a pair of links G' to the
frame E¹ of the vane E and moving up and down in the direction tube C, being
provided at top and bottom with bosses carrying friction or guide rollers g fitting
within the tube C. This tube C is so geared or connected with the carriage of a
stylus that its longitudinal motion only affects the latter, which thus records upon
an appropriate scale the oscillations of the vane due to the varying upward or
downward inclination at which the wind may blow.
Instead of separate vanes for indicating the direction and the angle or plane of
the wind, the two may be combined in one by fastening the blades A to the edges
of the blades E and forming a more or less conical or pyramidal vane capable of
oscillation about a vertical and a horizontal axis.
The pressure board H is a disc or plate having an area of say 1 square foot fixed
to a guide rod H¹ fitted to slide in suitable guides in the frame E' of the angle
vane E. In order to lessen the error due to friction, the said guide rod is fitted to
work between pairs of guide rollers h mounted in bearings on the frame E¹. In
order to prevent the inward and outward motion of the pressure board affecting
the balance and consequently the indications of the vane E, its motion is constantly
and exactly compensated by a movable weight I upon rollers running on the edges
of the guide rod H' and connected to the pressure board by a chain i attached to
the front and rear ends of the weight and passing round sheaves ¹¹ mounted on
frame E¹ so that the weight will move in the opposite direction to the pressure
board and to a proportionate extent so as to maintain the balance of the vane in
all positions of the pressure board. The motion of the pressure board may be
transmitted to the apparatus for measuring the wind pressure by means of a chain
or rack gear or bell cranks and connecting rods or other mechanical-motion attached
to or actuated by the guide rod of the pressure board.

page_text: I prefer the arrangement shown in which a chain K is attached at k to the
guide rod H¹ and passes over a guide pulley L whose axis is vertically beneath the
horizontal axis F of the vane E, and which pulley is of such diameter and so
situated that the longitudinal axis of the guide rod H and that of the direction
tube C, are tangential to the pitch circle of the chain encircling the guide pulley L
when the vanes are in their normal position. To admit of this the guide rod H' is
made of the cross sectional form shown in Figure 4 and the pulley L rises up within
it as shown. To prevent the weight of this chain K or other connection from
affecting the accuracy of the records it is exactly counterbalanced by a weight M
attached to a pair of chains m passing over the same guide pulley at either side of
the chain L and attached at m' to the guide rod H' the weight hanging in a
casing M carried by the cap B.
The pressure board chain K or other connection passes down through the
tubular connecting rod G for connection with the apparatus for measuring the
pressure.
The
This is illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8 and consists of a cistern N containing
mercury and of a displacement plunger P immersed therein and connected to a
frame Ŏ constructed of guide rods joined together above and below the mercury
cistern and working up and down against guide sheaves o mounted around the
cistern, the chain K being attached to the bottom of said frame as shown.
plunger P may have a constant or varying ratio of displacement for successive
depths of immersion, according as it is desired that the scale should be uniformly
graduated throughout, or open for the lower, and compressed for the higher (and
less frequent) measurements.
The lower portion p of the plunger may be of the full diameter and is per-
manently immersed to such an extent as to exactly counterbalance the weight
of the plunger and its frame, the marker then standing at zero of the scale. The
portion p immediately above may be of reduced diameter for a portion of the
length of the plunger which may suddenly increase to its full diameter or by steps
or gradually according as it is desired to compress the graduations of the scale for
the higher pressures in one or more stages, or gradually.
In order to check the motion of the plunger and avoid inaccuracy in tho
indications due to the momentum of the parts, the lower end of the plunger is
provided with a disc p³ fitting more or less closely to the sides of the mercury
cistern so as to prevent the too rapid passage of the mercury from one side of said
disc to the other.
The frame O is connected to the carriage Q of the marker for registering the
motions of the plunger by means of the connecting rod 0' 03 and a bell crank
lever O³ or it may be connected through multiplying gear as may be desired.
I will now proceed to describe the registering mechanisın.
The carriage Q above referred to is similar to the one Y shown separately in end
view in Figure 10° and is mounted to travel upon rollers r, running upon the
oppositely bevilled edges of a horizontal bar R and rollers 7 running on the front
and back surfaces thereof by which it is truly guided with the least possible
friction. The form of this carriage is clearly shewn and requires no special
description. The markers are all pieces of brass wire sliding in sockets and
pressing by their own weight or by the stress of a spring on the paper.
The scales for the different records are marked upon a single sheet of paper
wrapped round a barrel S rotated at a uniform speed by a clock movement T in
the usual way in recording meteorological instruments.
For recording the movements of the direction vane A I may use any arrange.
ment of mechanism by which two or more markers may be operated in combination
with a scale representing in width the development of the entire compass circle so
that whichever way round the compass the wind may change, there will always be
one marker ready to enter on the scale at one side when another leaves it at tho
other side, and I will proceed to describe several examples of the way this may be
carried into effect.

page_text: One arrangement of mechanism is shown in Figures 9, 10, 11 and separately in
Figures 12, 13, 14. It consists of a pair of endless copper bands u running on a
pair of sheaves U one of which is geared by equal gear wheels 3, 4 mitre pinions 5
shaft 6 and mitre pinions 7 with the direction tube C above mentioned. These
bands carry three markers V mounted thereon in positions parallel with the axes
of the sheaves U and at equal distances apart corresponding to the distance between
the axes of the sheaves U and to the width of the scale.
These markers slide in sockets attached to the bands and have collars v
attached to them by pins passing through slots in their sockets and resting upon a
guide frame V' having inclines at the ends up which the collars v ride to lift
the markers off the paper on reaching the edge of the scale. The frame V₁ has an
oval slot in which the lower ends of the said markers travel to keep them in
position. As one marker is moving across the scale the others are brought round
by the rear part of the bands so as to be in position to act whenever required.
Another arrangement is represented in Figures 15, 16 and 17. In this case the
motion of the direction tube C is not transmitted by equal gearing as before but
by a pinion 1 and wheel 2 the ratio of the pinion and wheel being as 1 to 2 so
that one revolution of the direction tube and pinion would cause a half revolution
of the wheel. The motion of the wheel is transmitted unchanged to markers V
mounted at a distance apart equal to the width of the scale and carried by a sun
and planet motion so geared as to always maintain the markers in an upright
position and whereby, whilst the one marker is caused to traverse the scale, the
other is raised and brought over to the other side in readiness to enter on the
scale immediately the first one leaves it. The two markers slide freely in holders
carried at the extremities of a crosshead W fixed on a tubular shaft W₁ geared by
the pinion 1 and wheel 2 with the direction tube C. The marker holders are
pivotted at in brackets fixed to toothed wheels V3 which turn on studs and gear
by means of intermediate pinions x also carried by the crosshead with a central
wheel fast on a spindle which is fixed whilst the shaft W' and crosshead W rotate
about it. Y is an inclined or curved flange fixed to the wheel X in the path of
the lower end of the marker holder when it is near its highest point so as to
throw it forwards by oscillating it on its pivot 3 sufficiently to enable the point
of said marker to clear the top of the one over which it is passing as shown in
figure 16 the holder being at other times held upright by a spring v.
Another arrangement shown in Figure 18 consists of five or any greater number
of pencils V fitted to slide up and down in a fixed guide V₁ and equally spaced
across the width of the scale and adapted to be acted on individually by a worm
thread Z whose pitch is equal to the width of the scale and which is carried by a
cylinder rotated by the direction tube C through equal gearing as in the arrange-
ment first described. In this case the pencils are lifted off the paper by springs
and pressed down separately by the worm thread. Instead of a worm thread, a
series of cams corresponding in position to the portions of the worm thread which
act on the pencils, may be used for the same purpose
Another arrangement consists in actuating the pencil by the clock and using a
scale on a separate piece of paper wrapped on an independent cylinder rotated by
the direction tube. This cylinder may be of the same diameter as the cylinder on
which the other scales are carried and may turn loose upon a prolongation of the
shaft of the latter which would be actuated by the clock as before. I do not
however prefer this arrangement as it involves a separate record.
The mechanisin for registering the angle consists of a carriage Y running on
bar R and provided with friction rollers as before described in reference to the
carriage and it is connected with the connecting tube G by a cylindrical rack G¹
thereon gearing with a wheel y on a horizontal shaft y¹ geared by mitre pinions y³
with an upright spindle y3 to the top of which is fixed a semi-circular disc carrying
a crank pin which plays in a slot y in the arm of a lever 3 pivotted at y' and
connected by a slot at its other end with a pin y³ on the carriage Y.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing

page_text: the same I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :—
1 In an anemometer, the combination with a vane oscillating on a vertical axis,
of a vane oscillating on a horizontal axis carried by the first vane, or a combined
vane oscillating both on a vertical and horizontal axis, whereby the true direction
of the wind may be indicated relatively both to the points of the compass and to
the plane of the horizon, substantially as specified.
2nd In an anemometer, the combination of the pressure board with vanes or a
Bingle vane oscillating on a vertical and also on a horizontal axis, so that the
pressure board shall be thereby always presented truly perpendicular to the wind,
substantially as shown and described.
3rd In an anemometer in which a pressure board is combined with apparatus for
maintaining it truly perpendicular to the wind, the combination with the pressure
board and its guide rod of the moveable weight whereby the inward and outward
notions of the pressure board are so compensated that the balance, and con-
Bequently the indications, of the angle vane are unaffected thereby substantially as
shown and described.
4th The construction combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
apparatus to be actuated by the pressure and direction of the wind shown in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 substantially as specified.
5th The mode of counterbalancing and measuring the wind's pressure on the
pressure board by the displacement of mercury by a plunger substantially as
specified.
6th The combination of the pressure board and mechanism for transmitting its
motion with the plunger its frame and the mercury and cistern, substantially as
shown and described.
7th The combination with a straight movable scale divided in width to represent
the whole compass circle, of two or more markers actuated in such manner by
mechanism operated by the direction vane that there shall always be a marker
ready to enter on the scale at one side when the other is leaving it at the other
side, substantially as specified.
8 The combination with the direction vane of the mechanism consisting of a
sun and planet motion carrying two markers and constructed and operating
substantially as shown and described for the purpose specified.
9th The combination of mechanism consisting of three markers carried by an
endless band or bands actuated by the direction vane, substantially as shown and
described for the purpose specified.
10th The combination of mechanism consisting of a number of markers fitte ] in
guides and held off the scale by springs, and of a worm thread or a series of cams
adapted to act on the markers and press them one at a time against the scale,
substantially as shown and described.
11th The combination of mechanism for transmitting the oscillatory motion of
the angle vane to the carriage of the marker for recording such motion, sub-
stantially as shown and described.
12th The whole combination and arrangement of mechanism for indicating and
recording on the same sheet of paper the pressure, the direction and the angle or
plane of the wind, substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Louis Marino Casella have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirtieth day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.