IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Tinkler, of Penrith, Churn Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Tinkler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1867.
I, ROBERT TINKLER, of Penrith, Churn Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," to be as
follows, that is to say:--
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of rotary barrel
churns, whereby a great saving of time is effected in the manufacture of
butter, and greater facility afforded for removing the butter from the churn
when formed, and consists in constructing the breakers or beaters of such
churns of an angular.or tapering form, either solid or perforated, but I prefer
to make them of a series of rods or rails gradually increasing in length, and
having their ends connected by bars of wood, by one of which bars they are

page_text: connected to the barrel by being built in with the staves, or by being attached
to the interior thereof. Any convenient number of these breakers or beaters
may be employed, and they are made to extend along the entire length of the
interior of the barrel and to project towards the centre thereof, the taper of the
breakers being arranged alternately in a reverse direction."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Tinkler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
TINKLER, of Penrith, Churn Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Robert Tinkler, Her special license that I, the said Robert
Tinkler, my executors, administrators; and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Tinkler, my executors, 'administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Tinkler, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar nionths next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Tinkler, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of rotatory
barrel churns, whereby a great saving of time is effected in the manufacture

page_text: of butter, and greater facility afforded for removing the butter from the churn
when formed, and consists in constructing the beaters, of such churns of a
triangular or tapering form either solid or perforated, but I prefer to make
them of a series of rods or rails gradually increasing in length, and having
their ends connected by bars of wood, by one of which bars they are connected
to the barrel by being built in with, the staves or by being attached to the
interior thereof. Any convenient number of these beaters may be employed,
and they are made to extend along the entire length of the interior of the
barrel and project towards the centre thereof, the taper of the beaters being
arranged alternately in a reverse direction.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both the Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a longitudinal vertical section of my
improved barrel churn, and Figure 2 is a corresponding transverse vertical
section of the same.
A is the body of the churn mounted on the axes B, B, working in bearings
C, C, secured to the stand D. The interior of the churn is provided with a
number of converging beaters E, E, which in lieu of being of uniform depth
from end to end are made much deeper at one end of the churn, say at a, for
example, than at the opposite end b, and I prefer to dispose these triangular-
shaped or tapered beaters in such a manner inside the churn that the deep
and the shallow ends of the beaters will follow alternately at either end of the
churn.
In the Drawing I have represented the beaters as being secured between
the staves of the barrel itself by the aid of the hoops, but it is obvious that
they may be secured in their places in various ways. I have also represented
the beaters as each composed or made up of a number of strips or rods of
wood c, of gradually increasing or diminishing length nailed or otherwise
secured to longitudinal pieces or strips d at their opposite extremities, but I
do not confine myself to this particular mode of construction. The barrel is
rotated by the handle F or otherwise.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the constructing the beaters of. barrel

page_text: churns deeper at one end than the other, substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before described..
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Tinkler, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the 10th day of June One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
ROBERT TINKLER. (L.S.)