IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Lumley, of Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Associate of the Institution of Naval Architects, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING."
Sealed the 23rd May 1864, and dated the 1st December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Lumley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1863.
I, HENRY LUMLEY, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Asso-
ciate of the Institution of Naval Architects, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING," to
be as follows:-
My Invention, which relates principally to my patented rudder, No. 1150,
dated 19 April 1862, in which an after piece or tail is articulated to a body or
inner portion, mainly consists in controlling the tail by a guide or appliance
which may,
if desirable, be wholly or partially above the line of floatation.
In one arrangement a stud post, axis, or controlling piece is received by or
works in a slot or groove.

page_text: In one form or modification of this arrangement the slot or groove, which
is in a tiller or piece connected with the tail or after piece, receives or works
on or about a fixed stud post, axis, or rod, which may be held in a frame so
as to be perpendicular to the direction of the fore and aft line of the vessel,
or it may be adjustable so as to adjust the angle of the tail.
In another form the stud, rod, post, or axis may be on the tail, and work in
a fixed or adjustable slot or groove. The travel may be limited by a stud or
bolt passed through the slotted or grooved piece.
In another arrangement arms, levers, or frames may be connected with the
tail and work to and fro or in and out.
When I use chains or the like, I sometimes carry them over the body or
inner piece instead of through it, and the end of each chain may be passed
through an eye, and held either by a link too large to run through it or by
other form of stop, the other end being carried to above water line, thus
facilitating the hauling of the chain to deck.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Lumley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, IIENRY
LUMLEY, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, and also of 18,
Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Associate of the Institution of Naval
Architects, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for, Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Lumley, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Lumley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Lumley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times, thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR STEERING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Lumley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Lumley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to my rudder for which I obtained Her Majesty's
Letters Patent, No. 1150, dated 19th April 1862, and in which an after piece
or tail is articulated to a body or inner portion, whereby a recessed surface of
rudder is presented to the water instead of a plane surface as in the common
rudder; and my present improvements mainly consist in guiding or controlling
the tail so as to obtain a suitable recessing movement of the rudder, by means
of guides or appliances which may, if desirable, be wholely or partially above the
line of floatation.
In one arrangement a stud post, axis, or controlling piece, is received by or
works in a slot or groove.
In one form of this arrangement the slot or groove, which is in a tiller bar
árm or piece connected with the tail or after piece, receives or works on or
about a fixed stud post, axis, or rod, which may be held in a frame so as to be
perpendicular to the direction of the fore and aft line of the vessel, or it may
be adjustable so as to adjust the angle of the tail.
In another arrangement the stud, rod, post, or axis may be on the tail and
work in a fixed or adjustable slot or groove. Its travel may be limited by a
stud or bolt passed through the slotted or grooved piece.
In another arrangement arms, levers, or frames, may be connected combined
or in contact with the tail and work to and fro or in and out.
'
When I use chains or the like I sometimes carry them over the body or
inner piece of the rudder instead of through it; and I sometimes pass the end
of each chain through an eye where it is held, either by a link too large to run
through the eye or by other form of stop or connection, the other end being.
carried to above water line, thus facilitating the hauling of the chain to
deck.
Having thus set forth the nature of my Invention, I proceed with reference
to the Drawings to describe in what manner it may be carried into effect.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In all the Figures, A, B, represent my improved rudder, constructed of two
portions combined as described in the Specification of my aforesaid Patent,
No. 1150, dated 19th April 1862, that is to say:-
The part A is the body or inner portion, to which the tail or after piece B-is
binged or articulated, in such manner that when the body A is turned or
worked to steer the ship the tail B turns or works at the edge of the body A,
and a recessed surface of rudder is thus presented to the water. The angle.
of the tail B to a line drawn in the direction of the keel being greater than the
angle of the body A to the same line and greater than the angle of the tiller
(on deck) to the same line.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a rudder showing one arrangement for con-
trolling the motion of the tail B, or for obtaining a recessed movement of the
rudder; and Figure 2 is a horizontal section of a portion of the same.
a is a tiller arm or bar fixed to the tail B, and grooved or slotted at 6 to
receive the end of a post, stud, or axis c fixed to the ship; the post c may, if
desired, pass through a friction box d fitted in the groove b. The travel of the
slotted bar a about the stud, post, or axis c, may be limited by a transverse
bolt passed through one of a series of holes in the edge of the bar a; c is a
bar for supporting the post or stud c, one such bar being on each side
thereof; but the stud may be stayed or supported by any other ordinary frame
or means.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, and Figure 4 a perspective view, of a modi-
fication in which the slotted arm a instead of being at the top of the
tail B is fixed to it at a lower point, and the stud or axis c, which is engaged
in the groove 6 of the bar a, is fixed to the stern post by arms e, e', curved
or rounded at e' to allow the body A to move freely. Part of the body A is cut
away, as shown, for this arrangement of stud and slot.
The arrangements shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, may be modified by
placing the stud c on the tail B, instead of on the ship, and causing it to work
in a slotted arm or bar a fixed on the ship instead of on the tail.
Figure 5 is a side elevation, and Figure 6 horizontal section, of an arrange-
ment in which the tail is guided or controlled in its motion, and the working
or recessing movement obtained, by a stud c formed at one end of an arm c¹
projecting from and fixed to the lower part of the tail B. The stud c works in a
groove 6 formed in the prolongation f¹ of the keel, in which also the pivot or
axis of the body A may work; 9 is a channel at the end of the groove b; and
h, h, orifices in the bottom of the groove for the escape of extraneous matters.

page_text: The above arrangement may be modified by placing a groove or slot b
instead of a stud c in the arm c¹ on the tail, and causing it to work on a fixed
stud c on the step f¹.
In the arrangements, Figures 1 to 6, inclusively the angle of motion of the
tail will be regulated according to the proximity of the stud c to the vessel.
Figure 7 is a side elevation, and Figure 8 diagram of an arrangement in
which the tail B is guided or controlled in its motion, and the recessing move-
ment of the rudder obtained, by an arm i jointed at one end to an arm ; fixed
to a post k forming part of the tail B; the other end of the arm i being
jointed to a bracket or fixture / bolted or otherwise fixed to the stern post
or other part of the vessel at the side of the stern post at the desired
distance from it to give a required angle to the tail B; for as the body
A is moved (from the deck) in the ordinary way, this arm i will work in
and out and will guide or control the motion of the tail B and produce the
required recessing movement of the rudder. I sometimes connect the arm i
with the arm j and with the bracket by universal or ball-and-socket joints.
The above arrangement may be modified by using two arms i, one on each
side, jointed to a yoke on the rudder, but in such case the joints connecting i
and j, or i and l, or both, should be oval.
.
Figure 9 is a perspective view, and Figure 10 elevation of a modification,
in which the arm i is jointed to an arm j fixed to the tail B at a point
between the top and bottom thereof, and the other end of the arm i is jointed
to a bracket or fixture secured to the stern post. To allow of this dis-
position the arm i is curved, and part of the body A cut away.
Instead of a single arm i I sometimes modify the arrangement by using
two curved arms, one on each side of the rudder; such arms working in and
out or to and fro, and their outer ends being connected or in contact with the
rudder.
I sometimes work the tail of the rudder by means of a tiller or yoke, or
bar or bars independent of that by which I work the body; such tiller or yoke,
or bar or bars of the tail being worked from the vessel. As in the arrange-
ments shown in Figures 3, 5, and 9, the guiding appliances are below water
line, they are not exposed to shot, and are, therefore, well adapted for war
vessels. Figures 8, 11, and 12 are Diagrams illustrating the motion of the
parts of the rudder, and showing its recessing effect when the rudder is moved
out of the line of the keel. Figure 13 is a side elevation, Figure 14 sectional
end view, and Figure 15 plan in section of an arrangement in which the
rudder is worked by chains C, whereof the ends are carried above water line
in tubes passing through the vessel (to the deck), where they are made fast

page_text: to a set screw m or other attachment, or the chains may be carried outside
the vessel and there made fast. The lower end of each chain is attached to
the tail B by passing it through an eye n fixed on a bridge or saddle piece o,
Figure 16, attached to the tail, or it may be fixed to the tail otherwise; at
the end of the chain C is a link p too large to pass through the eye n, and
having a stud p' across it, whereby the chain is prevented from being pulled
through the eye n in one direction, as it will be stopped by the link p, but it
can be hauled to deck in the other direction for purposes of examination or
otherwise by hooking the link p and drawing the chain through the eye n.
q, shown in section, Figure 17, is a thumb cleat, eye, or guide for the chain C;
x, shown in section, Figure 18, is a rubbing plate on the rudder or stern post,
or both; w, shown in section, Figure 19, is a stop which is for limiting the
travel of the tail, and is in this case on the brace, fixed to the body A in
which the pintle of the tail B works; r, shown also in Figure 20, is a stop to
bring up the body A at any required angle; s is a locking piece, by means of
which the tail B may, when desirable, be made fast to the body A, so that the
two parts A and B may work together like an ordinary rudder; the chains,
guides, or other appliances which guide the tail and produce the required
working effect or recessing movement being, of course, disconnected from the
rudder for the purpose. The appliances is a two-armed or bent piece,.
whereof the ends work on a strong pin u passing through the body A, and an
eye t is attached to its head or bend to receive a chain or. line v leading
through guide eyes 6₁ to the deck or to some point above water line. When
the rudder is working according to my Patent, or so as to present a recessing
surface, the piece s lies upon the edge of the body A, but when the parts A and
B are to be made fast together the pieces is let down over the tail B; which
it fits closely and binds it firmly to the body A. However other ordinary
forms of locking, piece locking, staple, or latch, other than that shown
at s, may be used for this purpose. For steadying the tail B in its travel a
stud or axis at its lower end may work in a step or shoe y formed at the
bottom of the body A, similar to the ordinary step in the keel or stern post in
which rudders usually work. Sometimes instead of carrying the controlling
or guiding chains, or ropes, or bars combined with chains from the tail B
through the body A, they may be carried from the tail above the body A to
the vessel through guides or rings.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the employment of a rod, post, axis, or stud, and a grooved or slotted
bar, arm, or picce arranged.in the manner and for the purpose described.

page_text: Second, the employment of an arm or arins, or of levers or frames so con-
trived as to work in and out or to and fro in the manner and for the purpose
described.
Third, the employment of chains or ropes (or of bars combined therewith)
carried over the body or inner piece instead of through it, in the manner and
for the purpose described.
Fourth, the mode of connecting the chain, rope, (or bars combined there-
with) to the tail by an eye and a link too large to run through it, whereby the
hauling of the chain or rope to deck is facilitated.
Fifth, the employment of a separate tiller or yoke, or bar or bars for
working the tail as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Lumley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
M. HENRY,
Patent Agent,
84, Fleet Street, London.
HENRY LUMLEY. (L.S.)