Improvements in Apparatus for Justifying Type for Printing.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification. Left, 19th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 24th Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Justifying Type for Printing.
I, GEORGES ALPHONSE BOTTON of 31 Boul Henri IV. Paris, in the Republic
of France, Notary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates, to apparatus for automatically justifying type for printing
by means of which a whole line of type can be mechanically justified to the
required length, and the necessary leads for spacing the lines inserted at a-single
operation.
In carrying this invention into practical effect, the line is composed or set up in
the ordinary manner, special spaces shorter but much thicker than the ordinary
spaces being however employed between the separate words, so that the line when
first set up is longer than it will be when justified.
These lines are placed separately on the shelves of a compositor's case, and each
line is separately fed by a pusher on to a plate and against an apparatus which
indicates the size of space to be used to reduce it to the proper length according to
the number of spaces in the line. These spaces are by oue operation put in the
required position. The special spaces are then withdrawn, and forced into a
channel leading to a reservoir, the proper spaces inserted, and the line closed up
under the action of the indicator spring. The indicating apparatus is then
removed out of the way, the justified line is fed on to a lead, if such be desired,
and finally deposited in a galley receptacle, which is then lowered ready to receive
the next justified line. The leads are retained in position in a lead receptacle by
means of a hand lever. The pusher is then withdrawn, the compositor's receptacle
raised through one division and the pusher forces forward another line to be justified
in a similar manner.
The necessary motions to effect the above operations are produced by means
of a series of cams on a common shaft, one line being justified for every complete
rotation of the shaft.
" 17
1000
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Justifying Type for Printing.
1, GEORGES ALPHONSE BOTTON of 31 Boul Henri IV. Paris, in the Republic
of France, Notary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement
This invention for improvements in apparatus for justifying type for printing
has for its object to mechanically justify a whole line of type to the required length
and to insert the necessary leads for spacing the lines by a single operation.
In carrying this invention into practical effect, the line is composed or set up in
the ordinary manner, special spaces shorter but much thicker than the ordinary
spaces being however employed between the separate words, so that the line when
first set up is longer than it will be when adjusted.
These lines are placed separately on the shelves of a compositor's case and each
line is separately fed by a pusher on to a plate and against an apparatus, which
indicates the size of space to be used, to reduce it to the proper length, according

page_text: מי
Figs. 9 to 40 inclusive are detail views of the different parts of the apparatus.
Each line to be justified is composed or set up in the ordinary manner, special
spaces however being inserted between the different words in the line as shown
in Fig. 35 instead of the ordinary spaces. The special spaces are much thicker
and slightly shorter than those which are finally inserted, the line as justified being
shown in Fig. 36.
The lines to be justified are separately placed on the shelves of a compositor's
case I (shown separately in Figs. 26) situated in the fixed framework and raised
in the framework by means of the racks operated by the lever u actuated as
shown more clearly in Figs. 19 and 20 by a cam n' on the main shaft A. The
inclined plane n' raises the lever u" and thus also the racks which is retained by
the pawl . The lever is then forced out of gear with the racks and lowered
by the cam piece o" ready for the next, ascending motion.
An indicator K, shown separately in Figs. 29, 30, 31, is adjustably fixed on the
bar K by means of the set screw at the required part (according to the length
of the justified line) of a plate provided with a small ledge or shoulder to guide
the type and forming a continuation of that shelf of the compositor's case I which
contains the line to be justified. It comprises a bent arm U carrying a scries of
curved graduated bars sliding in holes in an arm T secured to the arm U by the
pivot on which it can freely move. A spring tends to force the arms T U
apart. The arms are both continued on beyond the pivot and have pins working
in slots in a plate which limits the distance to which the arms can be forced apart
by the spring d. The bar K³ slides in guides X" and is operated by two rods X¹
operated by the lever V similar to the lever (Fig. 40) hereinafter described
actuated by a cam on the main shaft A as shown separately in Fig. 15, so that at
the same time that the compositor's case is raised the said slotted plate is forced
backwards into position on the plate Q as shown in Figs. 2 and 39.
The line of type is then forced out of the compositor's case I by means of a
pusher or rack (Figs. 12 and 39) on to the plate and against the slotted plate
of the indicator, thus forcing the arm T to approach the arm U more or less
according to the excess length of the line. The number of spaces in the line are
then counted and the arm T indicates on the corresponding graduated bar l
(counting from the pivot ) the size of the spaces to be inserted in the line. The
pusher or rack gears with a wheel (Fig. 12) gearing with a wheel q'
11

page_text: connected to a wheel " gearing with a rack o' sliding in guides and operated by
the cam . Fig. 12 shows the motion just described about to take place
after which there is a long period of rest then a further motion to force
the justified line into the galley and a sudden return by means of the springs to
the initial position as will be presently described to allow of the case I being
raised.
The proper indicated spaces are then placed in position, the special spaces are
removed from the line and the proper spaces inserted and the line closed up in the
following manner :-
A series of sets of plates B C D, shown separately in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, are
provided with rectangular gaps through which the plate and the lines to be
justified pass. These plates are arranged so that a plate D is between every two
plates B, C, thus the order of plates may be B D C D BDC &c. The thickness
of these plates is such that the thickness of the special spaces is at least equal to
twice the thickness of either a plate B or C together with a plate D so that a
plate B or C and a plate D at least shall fall into each special space. A fixed
rod passes through a hole in every plate D and through a slot in the
plates B C. The plates BC can this have a limited end motion whilst all the
plates can have a slight angular movement about the rod h. A movable rod i
passes through the slots d of the plates B and C, gaps being provided in the
plates D to allow of the passage of the said rod- and of its traversing movement.
A movable rod also passes through the slots e in the said plates. The plates B
and Care bevelled at their upper parts as shown by the lines a a. The plates C
are provided with hooks gone on either side which passes over the adjacent
plate D on that side and acts on the inclinen or o as the case may be of the nearest
plate Bas will be presently described. The plates Bare also provided with
projections p. The plates B and C bear at their back ends at the point m upon a
rectangular frame Z so that these ends are kept raised until the frame is lowered.
The plates D are provided at their back ends with projections which are acted
upon by a plate having its acting edge inclined as shown clearly in Figs. 2, 3
and 5 so that as the plate e is raised, the plates D are successively raised. When
used for justifying shorter lines than the longest for which the machine is
constructed, the plates. B C D not required are retained in the normal position
so that their back ends cannot fall by a rod m² Figs. 2, 3 and 5" which is forced
more or less inwards.
The spaces are contained in the space case J (Figs. 27, 28, 37 and 38) arranged
above and behind the plate Q. The case Jis divided into compartments by means
of T-shaped division plates so that a narrow slit is left at the bottoni for the
passage of the edges à a of the plates BC. The distances between the centre
planes of any two adjacent compartments are equal and supposing there to be three
sizes of spaces they are arranged consecutively in the compartments thus
1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, and so on. At the front of each compartment is an opening
of such a size as to allow of the passage of one space only at a time as shown in
Figs. 5 and 38. The case is suspended from its bent edges c at its upper part
upon guides o of fixed brackets P. A fixed comb. Figs. 2, 5, 5, 37 and 38 is
supported on the brackets P and its teeth correspond to the separate series of
compartments that is in this case there is one tooth to each three compartments.
A knife fixed to the space case J takes into a fixed rack e having teeth corre-
sponding to the separate compartments so that by sliding the case by hand on
the guides o the centre of the spaces between the teeth of the comb can be
readily made to correspond with the compartments containing the indicated size
of space.
The operation of removal of the special spaces and insertion of the proper spaces
is as follows: The rectangular frame pivotted at t¹ to the framework of the
machine rests on the cam (Figs. 8 and 13) and as shown as the line is fed on to
the plate Q, the cam allows the frame Z' to descend so that the hooks v¹ of
the plates B and C also descend and rest upon the face end of the sides of the.

page_text: type or pass into the recesses left by the special spaces, the plates pivotting on
the rod h.
The back ends of the plates D are also allowed to fall in a similar manner by
the drawing back of the plate v, pivotted at ¹ by the cam on the shaft A as clearly
shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 13. Thus the hooks of a plate B or C and one
plate D at least must have fallen in the openings left by the special spaces.
The notches in the slots d and e at the front ends of any plates C whose hooks
have fallen into the openings formed by the special spaces engage with the rods i
and and the rod i (as shown in Fig. 32) is then forced forwards towards the front
of the machine. The rod i connects the two arms of the frame (Fig. 40) pivotted
at to the framework of the machine and actuated as shown in Fig. 14 by a cam
on the shaft A. The rod i thus draws these fallen plates C forward to the position
shown in Fig. 33, their hooks t¹ drawing out the special spaces and their edges a a,
guided by the comb d', force a space from the space case into its place as shown
in Figs. 5, 37 and 38. The plates D whose hooks u have fallen serve to keep
the type from closing up under the action of the spring of the indicator before
the insertion of the proper spaces. If the hook of any plate B adjacent to a
fallen plate C be fallen it is again raised by the action of the hook o̟ or r, of the
fallen plate C as it is drawn forward as above described, on its incline n or othe
rod a sliding vertically in the fixed guidest and bearing against the projections on
the plates B prevents these plates B from being drawn forwards by the hooks y or r.
At the end of the motion of the rod the rod s is raised by the inclines ell
(Figs. 5 and 40) on the frame. It will thus be seen that if the hooks of
plates Band Clave fallen in the same space, the plate B will be again raised
as the plate C is drawn forward.
The rod is then operated in a similar manner to the rod by another cam on
the shaft A and frame k as shown in Fig. 4, and draws forward those plates B
whose hooks have fallen into the spaces (excepting any that may have been
again raised by the fallen plates C) and also completes the forward motion of
those plates C to complete the extraction of the special spaces by the hooks and
the insertion of the proper spaces by the bevelled part a a as shown more clearly
in Eigs. 5 and 38. The extracted spaces fall into a shoot or guide L leading to
a reservoir. The rods and.. are then returned to their initial position by their
cams. The plates B C D are also raised at their back ends by the rectangular
plate and the inclined plate - The inclined plate raises the plates D
successively and the spring of the indicator closes up the lines as these plates
are raised. The indicator is then forced forwards off the plate Q by its lever V as
previously described so as to allow the line to be fed forwards again, a lead (if
required to lead the lines) fed by the plate R so as to form a continuation of the
plate Qand the justified line is forced by the pusher on to the lead, as the rod o
is forced outwards by the largest diameter of its cam nn. Above the plate R,
but forwards of the plate Q is the lead receptacle E shown separately in Fig. 21.
The bottom of this receptacle is open the leads resting on the plate R and a space
is left at its back sufficient only for the passage or opening of one lead. The
plate R is first forced backwards (that is to the left in Fig. 21) by the stop ', on
the cam shaft, acting on the incline on the lever and carries a lead into
position. As soon as the justified line is deposited on the lead, the stop returns
the plate R, the leaded line falling into the galley H below, and a fresh lead falls
onto the rebated part of the plate R. If leads are not required they are prevented
from falling by the weighted forked lever a pivotted at 6. In order for the lead
to be fed forward the weighted cnd is forced upwards so as to rest against the
case E. A slide is arranged to raise the plate R the thickness of a lead when such
are not used in the line.
The galley H (Figs. 21, 22, 23) in which the justified lines are deposited is
supported behind the plate R on a table M sliding in a frame F. The galley H
is provided with a bottom plate on which the lines rest and with vertical plates at
one side and end as shown. Projecting upwards from one end of the bottom plate

page_text: are two ribs extending to the height of the vertical plate and serving as a guide for
the piece G secured to the receptacle F and which can be fed inwards by the
screw G to adjust the size of the galley H to that of the justified line.
The galley table M is lowered after the justified line has been received as shown
in Figs. 18 by means of the Archimedean screw passing through the nut y carrying a
circular plate provided with stops on its face as shown. The rotation of the
plate is prevented by the levers p whose ends are successively raised and lowered
by means of the incline on a cam on the main shaft. The weight of the galley
and type effects the descent as soon as the stops are raised through a space equal
to the thickness' of the type, or lead and type as the case may be, the levers acting
as an escapeinent and only allowing the plate to rotate through one division at a
time. As soon as the pusher has forced the justified line on to the plate R, the
rod o forced by the spring enters the notch of its can "m", withdrawing the
pusher and the receptacle is then raised as previously described to bring in
position a fresh line to be operated by the pusher. The indicator is also moved
into position and those plates BC that were drawn forwards are pushed back by
means of the levers (Fig. 14) actuated by the cam on the shaft A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The construction and arrangement of apparatus for justifying lines of type
received from the compositor and for leading them operating so that by a single
complete revolution of the crank handle or rotation of the cam shaft the whole of
the necessary motions are produced to feed forwards the line to be justified, to
justify and it necessary lead it and to deposit it in the galley substantially as
described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 19th day of February 1891.