IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pope, of the City and County of Bristol,
Engineer and Millwright, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONE."
Sealed the 26th April 1864, and dated the 31st October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1863.
I, WILLIAM POPE, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer and Mill-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in machinery for breaking
or crushing stone, whereby greater rapidity and efficiency of work can be
effected than by other machines at present in use.
propose to construct a powerful cast-iron frame in one piece, with legs or
supports; the upper part of this frame contains a gudgeon working in bearings
on each side of the frame and carrying a moveable iron jaw descending there-
from. The front portion of the frame contains a fixed iron jaw, and both jaws
are to be serrated or corrugated on their biting or crushing faces. Through
the central portion of the frame a driving shaft is set in bearings, and a fly
wheel is fixed thereto on each side of the frame at each end of the shaft. This
shaft actuates two cams or excentrics which bear against the rear of the
moveable jaw and force it towards the fixed jaw at every revolution of the
shaft, the moveable jaw being brought back to the cams by means of a spring

page_text: acting on a hooked bolt passing through the frame and connected with the
moveable jaw. These cams are to be made of cast iron, but faced with steel
at those portions of their circumference which bear upon the jaw, so also the
rear surface of the jaw, which receives the strain or pressure of the cams, is to
be furnished with a layer or plating of steel fastened by screws and dovetails,
so that they may be removed and renewed at any time. The fixed jaw is to
be dropped into its place in the frame and held there by wedges or keys. A
driving pulley is to be fixed at one or both extremities of the shaft, whereby
power may be communicated to the machine from a steam engine or other
power. The stone or other hard brittle substance being placed between the
jaws, it will follow that at every revolution of the shaft pieces will be broken
or crushed therefrom; and since the space at the top is much larger than that
at the bottom of the jaws by reason of its oblique crushing face, it will also
follow that ultimately the stone will be broken into pieces of a nearly uniform
size, and, will ultimately fall through the jaws. The stroke or motion of the
moveable jaw may be reduced or increased according to the excentricity, given
to the circumference of the cams. I propose to fit the bearing brasses into
oblong recesses in the side of the frame, so that they may be set by screws or
wedges so as to carry the moveable jaw closer to or farther from the fixed jaw,
so as to break the stones to any size required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Pope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
. POPE, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer and Millwright, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Pope, Her special licence that I, the said William
Pope, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Pope, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR BREAKING OR CRUSHING STONE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Pope, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Pope, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention consists in certain improvements in machinery for breaking
or crushing stone, whereby greater rapidity and efficiency of work can be
effected than by other machines at present in use.
. I construct a powerful cast-iron frame in one piece, with legs or supports;
the upper part of this frame contains a gudgeon working in bearings on each
side of the frame and carrying a moveable iron jaw descending therefrom.
The front portion of the frame contains a fixed iron jaw, and both jaws are to
be serrated or corrugated on their biting or crushing faces. Through the
central portion of the frame a driving shaft is set in bearings, and a fly wheel
is fixed thereto on each side of the frame at each end of the shaft. This shaft
actuates two cams or excentrics which bear against the rear of the moveable
jaw and force it towards the fixed jaw at every revolution of the shaft, the
moveable jaw being brought back to the cams by means of a spring acting on
à'hooked bolt passing through the frame and connected with the moveable
jaw. These cams are to be made of cast iron, but faced with steel at those
portions of their circumference which bear upon the jaw, so also the rear
surface of the jaw, which receives the strain or pressure of the cams, is to be
furnished with a layer or plating of steel fastened by screws and dovetails, so
that they may be removed and renewed at any time. The fixed jaw is to be
dropped into its place in the frame and held there by wedges or keys. A
driving pulley is to be fixed at one or both extremities of the shaft, whereby
power may be communicated to the machine from a steam engine or other
The stone or other hard brittle substance being placed between the
jaws, it will follow that at every revolution of the shaft pieces will be broken
or crushed therefrom; and since the space at the top is much larger than that
at the bottom of the jaws by reason of its oblique crushing face, it will also
follow that ultimately the stone will be broken into pieces of a nearly uniform
power.

page_text: size, and will ultimately fall through the jaws. The stroke or motion of the
moveable jaw may be reduced or increased according to the excentricity given
to the circumference of the cams. I propose to fit the bearing brasses into
oblong recesses in the side of the frame, so that they may be set by screws or
wedges so as to carry the moveable jaw closer to or farther from the fixed jaw,
so as to break the stones to any size required.
In order that my said Invention may be completely understood I annex a
Sheet of Drawings, with an explanation of the various parts, reference being
had to the letters of reference marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine partly in section, and Fig. 2 is an
elevation thereof.
:
A, A, is a cast-iron frame; B, a moveable jaw working on pin B¹; C, a
fixed jaw fitted into frame and held in position by two wedges D, D; E, a
friction roller working on spindle E¹, and in carriages fitted with brasses, which
carriages are cast in one piece with the jaw; F, an excentric fastened on
shaft G, G, which shaft, revolving in bearings H fitted into slots or mortices
in frames and carrying the excentric with it, actuates the jaw and moves it
forward the required distance at each revolution. The jaw is then brought
back by two india-rubber buffers or springs a and bolts or rods 62, which
bolts or rods pass at one end through the frame at the back, and at the
other end are fastened to the jaw by a nut on each. The stones to be broken
I, as they are broken by
are introduced into the top of the aperture, Fig. 1,
the motion of the moveable jaw forward; while the jaw is returning back-
wards they fall a little lower down, and are then again broken by the jaw
moving forwards again by the revolving excentric, and so on, till they are of
the required size, when they pass out at the bottom by the aperture K. I
propose so to set the machine that the stones may be broken either finer or
coarser by means of plates to be introduced or taken from the mortices at L
behind the bearing brasses of the shaft. care small plates pinned on to the
side of the frame at back of the bearing for the purpose of keeping the setting
plates in their places; M, M, are fly wheels, of which I prefer to apply two;
N, the drum pulley for driving the machine.
As modifications of the action created by the excentric F upon the jaw B
by the intervention of the friction roller E, I apply a connecting rod or lever
to the jaw, and work the same by the excentric, as shewn by the reduced
Diagram, Fig. 3, the friction roller z rising and falling against the jaw, the
lever being brought against the excentric by a spring; or, in some cases I

page_text: apply the excentric directly to the surface of the jaw without the intervention
of the friction roller or excentric connecting rod. The machine is also appli-
cable to crushing ores and other substances.
Having now described my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I would remark, in conclusion, that I do not limit
myself to the exact details and configuration of parts I have expressed and
shewn, as the same may obviously be slightly varied or modified, according to
circumstances or the different sizes in which the machines might be con-
structed, but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein in
part recited Letters Patent are the general arrangement and construction of
parts herein detailed and illustrated, or any mere modifications substantially
the same thereto, constituting "Improvements in Machinery for Breaking or
Crushing Stone," according to the title hereof.
In. witness whereof, I, the said William Pope, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
WILLIAM POPE. (L.S.)