A Mixing or Churning Apparatus for use in Making Butter and Condensed Milk.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Mixing or Churning Apparatus for use in Making Butter and
Condensed Milk.
I, WILLIAM BENJAMIN WALTERS, of Dunedin, in the Colony of New Zealand,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention has for its objects making butter and condensed milk in a rapid
and efficient manner by simple machinery.
In order that my invention may be understood by one skilled in the art to which
it appertains I will proceed to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer
to the accompanying sheet of drawings on which,-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of my apparatus when driven by mechanical power
as applied to churning.
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the line A-B.
Figure 3 is an elevation shewing the driving gear when driven by band.
Figure 4 is a vertical side elevation of my apparatus.
(a) is the receptacle which contains the material to be acted upon and which is
provided with a step or bearing (a¹) and a bearing (a³) which is (by preference)
fixed by thumb screws (a³) so as to be easily removed.
(b) is a screw of a diameter nearly equal to the receptacle (a) which can be
either right or left handed according to the direction in which it revolves the object
being to raise the material from the bottom toward the top of the receptacle (a)
and partially agitate the same at the same time that the spindle of the screw (b) is
pressed downwards. The spindle (6') with its screw (6) is carried by step (a¹) and
bearing (a).
(c) are projecting ribs or plates made (by preference) as shewn in Figures 1 & 2
and extending through nearly the whole vertical height of the receptacle (a). The
object of these ribs is to divert the milk, cream, or material being operated on
towards the center whilst being lifted by the screw (b).
(d) is the driving wheel which can be adapted for either working by hand or
mechanical power and is geared to the wheel (d') so as to drive the screw (b) at
the correct speed which speed depends on the size of the apparatus.
(e) is a space surrounding the receptacle (a) to contain hot water when it is
desired to raise the temperature, or cooling matter if desired to reduce the
temperature.
(f) is a steam chamber supplied with steam by the pipe (¹) and having a
discharge cock (2) so that either high or low pressure steam can be made use of.
This chamber can also be used for refrigeration.
(9) is a cock for withdrawing the contents of the receptacle (a).
It will be seen from this description of the several parts that my invention
consists in agitating by means of a screw the milk, cream, or other material to be
churned or operated upon, the said screw being revolved at such a speed that the
iquid is partially raised from the bottom of the receptacle (a). The screw has a
endency to cause the liquid to revolve and also to lift the liquid up the inside
surface of the said receptacle and discharge it over the upper edge but the said
iquid meeting with the projecting ribs (c) is thrown into the center of the
chamber (a) by the action of striking the said ribs and by this action returns back
pon the screw and is again lifted; the result of the several motions being that the
iquid is thoroughly agitated and is further disintegrated by striking the edges of
he screw (b) and the ribs (c). By the action of the screw and the raising of the

page_text: liquid a partial vacuum is formed at the bottom of the vessel (a) by which means
air is drawn down into the liquid so that the whole is thoroughly aerated.
By these means I provide a churn which is simple and effectual in its operation,
is open to the atmosphere and for inspection, can be readily cleaned, and the parts
being simple are readily taken to pieces and renewed.
In making condensed milk by my invention after having placed the proper
quantity of milk mixed with sugar or other usual materials I revolve the screw in
the same manner as for churning and then apply steam under pressure to the
vessel () through the pipe (¹) and thus produce a temperature which will
thoroughly boil the contents of the receptacle (a) at the same time that the said
contents are thoroughly agitated by the screw (6) and ribs (c) and by these means
evaporation takes place rapidly and the manufacture of condensed milk is greatly
facilitated, at the same time that overheating of the milk is entirely prevented and
the temperature easily regulated by the blow off cock (ƒ)..
I thus provide an efficient and simple apparatus for the manufacture of the
ordinary condensed milk of commerce.
It is evident the screw (6) may be of any suitable pitch and be driven from above
or below the apparatus and that the ribs (c) may be of any convenient number and
that the method of driving and the several mechanical details may be varied by a
skilled workman without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,―
1. In a machine for making butter or condensed milk the vessel (a) combined
with screw (b) substantially as set forth. .
2. In a machine for making butter or condensed milk, the vessel (a) combined
with revolving screw (b) and ribs (e) substantially as set forth.
3. In a machine for making butter or condensed milk the vessel (a) combined
with revolving screw (b) ribs (c) steam chamber (f) with or without the hot water
space (e) substantially as set forth.
4. The machine for making butter or condensed milk constructed, arranged, and
operating substantially as set forth.
Dated this 10th day of November 1893.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.