Improvements in Kilns for Cement and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 24th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Cement and the like.
WILLIAM ALFRED GIBBS Gillwell Park Chingford Essex, Soap Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my Invention is :-
1st. To utilize the heat employed for dehydrating or burning Portland cement and
other mineral substances for the purpose of heating and circulating water and other
fluids, and for the generation of steam. To this end I provide a jacket which may
consist of cast or wrought iron or steel and be formed of conical or other shape
suitable for my purpose. The material to be dried, calcined, roasted or otherwise
treated is placed within the central area and the water or other fluid to be
heated occupies the space between the outer and inner skin of the jacket.
The second part of my invention consists in utilizing the heated waste products
of combustion for drying the cement slurry on the ground level and so obviating
the necessity for pumping it up to the top of the kilns as is now sometimes the
casc..
A modification of my invention consists in the use of solid welded coils in place
of or in combination with the water jackot. These coils may be welded
up and
coiled to a conical or other shape or they can be formed into a vertical cone and
united by junction chambers at the top and bottom.
The substitution of water jackets for the interior brick linings of cement kilos
as now used greatly reduces the cost for repairs to such linings due to the destructive
action of the heat..
The construction and operation of my invention will be readily understood by
reference to the annexed drawings in which :-
Fig. 1. is a vertical sectional elevation of my improvements as applied to kilns
of ordinary construction, the jacket in this case being used for heating and circulating
water or other fluids, and the kiln being fired from beneath.
Fig. 2. is a vertical sectional elevation of a kiln, the jacket being in this case
employed for raising steam by downward draft and the waste products employed for
drying cement slurry upon the ground level.
Fig. 2 is a cross section of metallic tube and drying tray..
Fig. 3. is a vertical sectional elevation of a kiln constructed with a tubular jacket.
Figs. 4 and 5, are respectively plan and side elevation of a kiln constructed with
a vertical tubular jacket.
a, Figs. 1 and 2, is the water jacket which may be set in masonry as shown; or
may be placed on a metallic foundation; the plates b, used in its construction may
be of steel or wrought iron and be riveted up in the well known manner or the
jacket may be moulded and cast in metal. The space c, containing the water or
other fluid to be heated and circulated may be made of any required width but I
prefer that it should not be less than 4 inches. The material to be calcined or
roasted is placed in the central cavity d, and fired in the usual manner from
beneath. The jacket a, is fitted with a manhole cover h, and mud plugs gand
the usual pipe connections or bends e, e as circumstances may require for circulating
and heating the water or other fluid contents of the boiler, tank, or equivalent vessel
placed above it at f. When a kiln constructed in the manner now described and
fired from beneath is employed for raising steam a small portion of the steam may
by means of an undergrate blower or equivalent device be employed for forcing air
impregnated or not with petroleum or other hydrocarbon vapour or spray through
the cement or other material in the cavity d, thereby augmenting the heat by the

page_text: breaking up and combustion of its constituent parts. The temperature of the air
or vapours injected may also be raised by causing it or them to pass through tubes
or other regenerators heated by the waste products of combustion.
Fig. 2, shews a jacketed kiln which may he constructed of steel or iron plates or
may be cast in iron or other metal. This kiln is so arranged as that the air is pulled
downward through the heated materials in the cavity d, by the fan J. The fire is
lighted at the top and the gases whether arising from the combustion of the fuel
or contents or injected as spray with the air, being compelled to pass through the
underlying incandescent mass are broken and consumed. Kilns constructed thus
пр
may be employed for circulating water or other fluid as in the case just described.
When employed for raising steam 1 prefer to mount a dome or receiver k; at a
sufficient height above the jacket to secure dry steam; and where more than one kiln
is employed, connect each jacket to the receiver by branch pipes 1, having suitable
valves m, for disconnecting when not in use. The jackets are fitted with manholes h,
mud plugs g, injection pipes a safety valve, and the usual fittings forming part of the
equipment of an ordinary steam boiler. I employ the heated gases withdrawn from
the kiln by the fan J, for drying the slurry of cement on the ground level thereby
obviating the necessity for pumping it up to the top of the kilns as is now sometimes
the case.
The heated products may be passed through metal tubes n, having shallow
trays o, upon their upper sides into which the coinent slurry to be dried is fed,
or they may be blown over the surface of the slurry when contained in shallow
tunnels.
The materials for conversion into cement are fed into the cavity d, from the top
and withdrawn at x (see also Fig. 2).
Fig. 3, shews a water jacket constructed by means of a welded coil, I have shewn
this coil of conical shapo; it can however be made in any desired shape and employed
for circulating and heating fluids or for generating steam; suitable fittings being
mounted thereon to suit either case as described for figs. 1 and 2.
Figs. 4 and 5, shew a kiln constructed with vertical pipes p, united at top and
bottom by junction pieces or chambers r. and branch pipes 1, for connecting a series
together.
Kilns constructed thus can be used for circulating fluids or for the generation of
steam; fittings suitable for either purpose being mounted thereon as previously
described for figs. 1 and 2, the tubes may be made of wrought iron or steel fitted into
sockets », or the entire jacket may be cast in metal.
Although I have shewn several shapes of kilns as suited for burning cement, I do
not bind myself absolutely to such shapes; as jackets suitable for the purposes herein
described may be made in other forms to suit special conditions. The jackets may
also be so constructed as to rest upon metallic foundations or feet and fire brick
interior linings may be employed to protect the plates from excessive heat; or
laggings mounted exteriorily to prevent radiation when the jackets are not set in
brickwork.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In kilns for drying, dehydrating, or burning cement and mineral substances
the employment and use of a water jacket lining, constructed and operated for the
purposes and in the manner described.
2nd. The employment and use of water jackets so as to form the kilns employed
for burning cement and the like mineral substances for the purpose of heating
and circulating the water or equivalent fluid supplied to steam boilers, boiling tanks,
feed water heaters, for steam getting, or for equivalent purposes.
3rd. The combination in or with a kiln for burning cement and like substances of
a metallic water jacket the fluid contents of which are heated by the material treated
therein as set forth.
4th. The combination in or with kilns for dehydrating or burning cement or

page_text: mineral substances of a coil of pipe fashioned into the shape of any kiln, or a series
of vertical pipes united by junction chambers for the purposes and in the manner
herein described.
5th. The application of part of the steam generated by the jackets, coils, or tubes
for the production of forced draught through the heated minerals together with or
without a hydrocarbon spray as set forth.
6th. The combination and use in or with kilns constructed with a water jacket of
fans vacuum or blowing engines for the purpose of inducing forced draught by
pressure or suction through the contents of the kiln as herein described.
7th. The employment of jacketed or tubular linings, or kilns constructed as
described for the generation of steam under pressure for use in engines pumps or
the like.
Dated Much ofth 1000
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Agent.