Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1886.
Complete Left, 20th Apr., 1887.
.Complete Accepted, 20th May, 1887.
RESERV
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of 67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This apparatus is intended to ascertain with greater certainty than was hitherto
possible, leakages in water pipes or in other contrivances connected therewith, such
as cocks, valves and the like.
The water running out of a pipe causes the latter to vibrate in a greater or less
degree according to the size of the leak; the extent of the vibration therefore serves
as a standard for ascertaining the size of the existing leakage.
The apparatus consists of four essential parts, a sound rod, which is put with its
lower end vertically on the pipe to be examined and supported in this position, a
microphonic apparatus adapted to be secured on the upper extremity of the rod, a
galvanic battery, connected with the latter by conducting wires and a telephone
connected with the battery likewise by means of conducting wires.
The apparatus can also be suspended from the pipe conduit to be examined, the
sound rod being dispensed with, when not required.
The microphonic apparatus has the shape of a closed drum. Diametrically through
the same is conducted a short loose rod, which can be shifted by means of a coupling
ring over the upper extremity of the sound rod and secured thereto.
The drum contains a membrane, in the centre of which a metal pressing plate is
arranged on that side directed towards the rod.
Against this plate abuts a pin arranged on the longer arm of a pivoted lever, the
shorter arm of which is in connection with the said rod. On that side of the

page_text: membrane remote from the rod, a small contact plate is also provided, which is in contact
with a carbon point fixed to the free extremity of a suspended swinging metal bar.
The induction coil belonging to this microphonic device is likewise arranged within
the druin. The primary wires of the same are connected with the poles of the galvanic
battery, while the secondary wires are connected with the telephone.
With the vertical position of the sound rod, the longer arm of the angle lever,
owing to the weight of the apparatus, abuts with its pin against the pressing plate of
the membrane, and thus the longitudinal vibrations produced by the causes above
mentioned in the sound rod will be transferred to the membrane and subsequently,
when the circuit of the battery is closed, are rendered audible in the telephone by
means of the electric arrangements in the well known manner.
Dated this 1nt dan STL 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Ascertaining Leakage in Water Pipes.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to
me from abroad by Adolph Paris, of Altona, in the German Empire, Manufacturer,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an apparatus for ascertaining leakage in water pipes, the
oscillations caused by the escape of the water being imparted, by means of a sound
rod connected with the pipe, directly or indirectly to a microphonic contact, whereby
they are rendered perceptible to the ear through a telephone connected with the said
contact.
Referring to the accompanying drawings showing the apparatus by which this is
accomplished Fig. 1 is a front view of the microphonic apparatus (without cover
plate D) Figs. 2 and 3 longitudinal sections, Fig. 4 a detail view of a known
microphonic contact, Fig. 5 the general arrangement of the apparatus.
The apparatus consists of the sound rod A, which is placed with its lower extremity
in perpendicular contact with the pipe, valve or tap to be examined and is held in this
position either by hand or by a tripod or other supporting frame B. The upper
extremity of the sound rod carries the microphonic apparatus M, which is so fastened
as to be detachable and consists of a cylindrical casing T, which is closed at both
its ends by cover plates DD¹. On the exterior are the terminals II II"
which receive the two conducting wires of a telephone and the terminals I and I",
which receive the wires of a galvanic battery; further a rod H passing from below
through the casing T and provided below with a collar h and above with a nut C for
the purpose of determining its longitudinal motion connects the whole to the rod A
by means of the binding screw G or equivalent means.. The nut C is provided with
a hook, by means of which the apparatus can also be suspended from a pipe to be
examined. Of the various microphonic contact arrangements, which may be applied
to this apparatus, two are represented, one of which allowing a direct, the other an
indirect transmission of the above mentioned vibrations to the contact.
Fig. 3 shows the special inner arrangement of M, in which there is a direct
transmission of the vibrations of the sound rod or of the pipe to the microphonic
contact. On a bed plate u fastened in the interior of the casing T to the rod H is
arranged an insulated (Ader's) microphone (Fig. 4). The battery current passes
from the pole of the galvanic element through the terminal I' and the wire P¹ into
the primary coil of the induction-coil I likewise arranged within the casing T, from
this coil through P₁ to the microphone thence through wire P and terminal I"
back to the pole of the element. The secondary coil is in connection with the
terminals II and II" and. transmits the sounds to the telephone in the known
manner.
-

page_text: Fig. 2 shows the inner arrangement of M, in which an indirect transmission of the
said vibrations (by means of a membrane) to a microphonic contact takes place. The
membrane N is fastened in an insulating ring F to the flange V within the casing T.
To this ring F is fixed a lug K opposite the place, where the rod H enters from
below into the casing T; on the side facing this rod in said block is pivoted an
angle lever Z, the shorter arm of which is in revolvable connection with the rod H
near the above mentioned place, while the longer arm is directed vertically upward
and extends to the middle of the membrane and is provided with a carbon pin p. A
screw passing through the middle of the membrane carries the carbon-cylinder n
situated on the opposite side of the membrane, said cylinder being held in a metal
surrounding. The carbon point m in contact with the carbon cylinder n is freely
suspended by means of a metal rod from the block Q (Berliner's Transmitter).
In this arrangement the battery current passes from the + pole into the primary
coil of the induction coil I thence by means of the intermediate wire P" through the
insulating surrounding F to the block Q, from there through the microphonic
contact mn and the conducting wire P¹¹¹, connected with n, and terminal 1" back to
the pole of the element.
Here also the telephone is in connection by means of conducting wires through
terminals II and II" with the secondary coil of the induction-coil I.
Vibrations of the pipe are as mentioned above transmitted through the sound rod
in one of the two said methods, to the microphonic contact and rendered perceptible
to the ear by the telephone in one of the manners indicated.
For practical use of the apparatus a dry-element may be employed as a source for
the current and into the conducting wires leading from this element to the microphone
is inserted a current-breaking device of known construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
An apparatus for ascertaining loss of water from pipes and the like conduits, in
which the vibrations of the pipe occasioned by the flowing out of water are trans-
mitted directly or indirectly to a microphonic contact by means of a sound rod or
equivalent brought in contact with the pipe, and are rendered perceptible to hearing
in a telephone connected with said microphonic contact.
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