IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BASS, CARPET, AND OTHER BROOMS AND BRUSHES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Jesson, of Calway, in the County af Galway,
Gentleman, and Thomas Duggan, of Cilasnevin, in the County of Dublin,
Ireland, Brushmaker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BASS, CARPET, AND OTHER BROOMS AND BRUSHES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Scaled the 5th January 1877, and dated the 27th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Jesson and Thomas
Duggan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1870.
THOMAS JESSON, of Calway, in the County of Galway, Gentleman, and THOMAS
" IMPROVE-
DUGGAN, of Glasnevin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, Brushmaker.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASS, CARPET, AND OTHER BROOMS AND BRUSHES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
In our improved method of manufacturing brushes, &c., we make the head or brush
stock concave of metal, galvanized iron, papier mache, or other suitable material.
We place the brush head or stock in a hollow or socket between two parallel
rollers on a metal table or wooden bench. On the said rollers is placed transversely
and immediately over the brush stock the material in layers or solid, and in
quantities as may be required. Over this material, which may be fibre, bass, split
cane, steel wire, whisk, or other suitable material, we place a rod or bar having
fastenings (hooks, pins, or screws), which are caught at the hottom of the table
through a sloth and made fast by nuts, or rivetted, when we cause the whole to
be forced at once into its berth by a single operation of the machine. The rod vr
bar which holds the material may also be fastened through the sides of the brush
when required by running pins or screws transversely through the brush stock,
and catching and holding the said rod permanently in its position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Jesson and Thomas Duggan in the Great Seal Patent Oflice
on the 26th January 1877.
THOMAS JESSON, of Galway, in the County of Galway, Gentleman, and THOMAS
DUGGAN, of Glasnevin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, Brushmaker. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BASS, CARPET, AND OTHER BROOMS AND BRUSHES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of bass, carpet, and other
brooms and brushes, and in the apparatus employed therein, is designed to enable
such manufacture to be carried on by more effectual, expeditious, and economical
incans than heretofore employed, and articles of superior description, strength,
and durability to be produced.
To accomplish these objects we make the head or brush stock concave, or of
any other convenient shape which may be found suitable for the class of brush to
be produced; said head or brush stock may be made of galvanized, tinned, bronzed,
or lacquered iron, wood, bone, ivory, or other suitable material, singly or combined.
We place the said brush head or stock in a close fitting hollow or socket (which for
convenience we call a portable metal box) of peculiar construction, as herein-after
inore fully described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings. The
said portable box is made to slide in grooves in the front of a metal table or benchi
in such a manner as that the parallel rollers on its upper edge, herein-after described,
will be almost flush with the upper surface of said table or bench, and on these
rollers we place transversely, and consequently immediately over the aforesaid
brush head or stock, the whole of the material necessary for the manufacture of
each brush, either in layers (divided by placing a pad of waste cloth or felt between
cach layer when the brush is to appear in longitudinal rows) or solid as may be
required, as in our improved method of making paint and other round, oval, or.
square brushes, herein-after more fully described. Across the centre of this
material so arranged, and immediately over and in line with the brush head or
stock underneath, we place a rod of iron wire about double the length of the brush
to be made, the free ends of which wire we turn over and under the sides of the
material into the underlying brush stock, when we cause the iron wire or rod to be
caught by and in the grooved edge of a driving blade, guide, or plunger, and forced
together with its partially embraced material by suitable pressure into the stock
in a secure and perinanent manner. We may also in the case of common brooms
bring the free ends of the rod or wire outside over the ends of the brush stock
and fasten them thereto. It will be obvious that the pressure thus exercised by
the action of the machine herein-after described through the said blade, guide, or
plunger, will cause the free ends of the iron wire or rod to double over and
underneath the material, grasping it tightly, and ultimately finding their destination
in the bottom or back of the stock.
In order that our said Invention may be more fully understood we proceed to
describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the machine by which our Invention may be
carried into operation. Fig. 2 represents a front view of same showing the afore-
said portable box in position at P, P. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line x, 2, Fig. 2.
We do not confine ourselves to this special construction of machine, as any suitable
form of machine or arrangement of gearing may be employed for producing the
necessary pressure on the aforesaid blade, guide, or plunger. Similar letters indicate
corresponding parts.
A, A, represents the frame or bracket of the machine; B, a hand wheel; C, C, a
train of bevel wheels for producing the upward and downward motion of the vertical
screw 8, 8. At the lower end of this vertical screw is keyed the socket E, to which
is attached the plunger D, which latter may be flat, as shown in the Drawing, when

page_text: employed in the manufacture of straight brushes, or curved laterally as may be
required in the case of curved brushes of any fancy shape, such as crumb or other
similar brushes.
In our improved method of making paint and other round, oval, and similar
brushes, as herein-after more fully described, this flat or curved plunger is removed
from the socket E, and instead thereof a ridge having a series of vertical rods, as
shown at Fig. 8, is attached thereto, for the purpose lorein-after explained. F, F,
represents the metal table or bench, and H, H, legs or supports for same. G, G, is
a guage for the purpose of adjusting the length of material employed, the face of
which is seen at p, 2, in Fig. 2. It is caused to slide backwards and forwards as
may be required by means of the hand wheel h operating on the screw t, in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the shape and construction of the herein-
before referred to portable box, and which forms an essential part of our said
Invention. It is constructed to receive tightly the brush head or stock, as above
described. Along the top longitudinal edges run the parallel rollers 1 and 2, the
object of which is to facilitate the bending down of the fibres or hairs when being
driven into the stock by the plunger, as above described. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are vertical
pins to confine the material within its proper limits. The box consists of two parts
with a falling bottom hinged to the lower edge of one of its sides, as represented
by the dotted lines in the section, Fig. 10. The sides are connected and held fast
by incans of thumb screws 7 and 8, and the bottom is held in position by a lip or
projection b. The object of thus causing the box to open and divide being to
facilitate the removal of the brush when finished, in the manner lierein described.
In the manufacture of stock plasterers' or other similar brushes, according to our
improved plan, we adopt, by preference, simple oblong bands of metal or other
suitable material for our stocks or brush heads, as shown at Fig. 9. We drop these
bands into the aforesaid portable box in the manner above described, and in order
to prevent the material being driven right through during the process of manufacture
we affix a movable flange c, Fig. 10, on the falling bottom, which flange runs into
the lower portion of the band or stock, thereby preventing the material being
forced down too far, and preserving the necessary space to be subsequently occupied
by the handle. Apertures are made in the sides of the box, as shewn, for the passage
of transverse rivits or pins, when necessary, for further securing the material, as in
the case of heavy brushes.
By a modification of our improvements where we use brush heads or stocks,
similar to that represented at Fig. 5, we dispense with the aforesaid movable flange
and affix at the bottom of the stock cycs or hooks, as shown at 1, 1, Fig. 14, for the
reception and holding fast of the free ends of the aforesaid iron wire or rod, when
forced home with its embraced layer of material in the manner herein-before
described.
By another mode of fastening, as in the case of strong brooms and brushes for
street sweeping and machine work, we attach to the iron wire rod or bar hooks,
pins, or screws, as shown at i, i, i, Fig. 15, which pass through the layer of
material in the process of manufacture, and are subsequently caught through a slot
at the bottom or back of the stock, and made fast by nuts or rivits as may be
deemed most suitable. Or we may dispense with such fastenings altogether, in
which modification we secure the material in the stock after the process of manu-
facture by simply pressing together the sides of the stock in an ordinary vice or
clamp, thereby powerfully compressing the material in an effectual and permanent
manner. It will be understood that the portable box herein described must be
constructed of various shapes and of different sizes, according to the patterns of
brushes to be manufactured, whether straight, curved, or otherwise, and that the
blade, guide, or plunger must necessarily be shaped accordingly.
Fig 7 shows a layer of material with the iron wire or rod laid across its upper
surface, the free ends being turned over and under the hairs or fibres, as indicated
by the dotted lines. The layer as thus shewn is ready to be laid on the parallel

page_text: rollers and forced into its respective stock in the manner herein-before described.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the portable box.
"
We will now explain the mode in which we propose to manufacture paint and
other round, oval, and square brushes according to our Invention. We first force
the handles or pegs tapering ends foremost through from the wide end of a conical
case until the thick end of the handle is caught and firmly held in the narrow end
of the cone or brush case, as shown in the section Fig. 13, thus leaving the upper
portion of the cone or brush case free to receive its intended knot or tuft of hair
in the manner presently described. The handles aud cases are next dropped into a
series of apertures or sockets, formed on the principle and plan of the heroin-before
described portable box, as shown in the longitudinal section Fig. 12, so that the
upper end of said case will be flush with the upper surface of said socket, as shown
at in same Figure, we then take a bound or tied tuft of material, and having
cemented the same in the ordinary manner, place it in the unoccupied space of the
said brush case, and finally wo insert in the centre of said tuft or knot a conical pin
of hard wood or other material, as shown at n, in the vertical section of the finished
brush, Fig. 11, when we cause the said pin or wedge to be forced down by the
pressure of the vertical forks or rods, herein-before referred to and represented at
Fig. 8, until said pin or wedge enters the butt end of the handle, thereby firmily
securing the tuft or knot, and also acting in the capacity of a wedge within the
case. A rivet may afterwards be passed through the case transversely if required
for additional security.
It will be obvious that the number of these sockets may be increased ad libitum,
and that a corresponding number of vertical forks or rods may be attached to the
herein-before described machine for simultaneous usc.
It will also be evident that according to our said Invention two or more rows of
sockets may be employed by placing them in longitudinal lines parallel to each
other, in which case a corresponding number of rows of vertical forks or rods should
be used.
These remarks are also applicable to the employment of the portable box herein
described during the process of manufacturing brushes according to our said
Invention.
In the employment of Russian or other rooted hair or whisk according to our
improvements in order to have the finer or flag ends uppermost we divide the
quantity for each brush in two or more equal parts, the roots or thick ends of one
portion or layer resting on the roots or thick ends of the other, on this overlapped
portion we place the rod or bar and cause said roots or strong ends to be forced
into the brush head or stock, as before described.
We may here state that the arrangements herein described and set forth may be
applied and extended to the manufacture of all varieties and classes of brushes,
twigs, and brooms, and also that an important feature of our said Invention is that
the whole of the material to be used in the manufacture of each brush upon being
arranged in position in the manner herein described may be driven into its intended
stock by a single operation of the machine above described in a secure and
permanent manner.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that
what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore clain as the Invention
secured to us by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent is-
First. The employment in the inanufacture of brushes and brooms of the
apparatus which we call a portable box, constructed in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein-before described and set forth.
Secondly. The arranging the material employed in the said manufacture either
in layers or solid as required, and fastening such material by means of wire rods
or bars, all in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein-before
described.

page_text: Thirdly. The employment of an iron wire rod or bar for the purpose of holding
and securing the material used in the said manufacture, in the manner heroin-before
described.
Fourthly. The use of the eyes or hooks, substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 14 and 15 of the accompanying Drawings, in the said manufacture.
Finally. We claim the method, substantially as herein-before described with
reference to Figs. 8, 11, 12, and 13 of our Drawings, of manufacturing paint and
other similar brushes.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Jesson and Thomas Duggan, have
to this our Specification set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
J. A. FARIE,
2, Nassau Street,
Dublin.
THOMAS JESSUN.
THOMAS DUGGAN.
(L.S.)
(LS.)