AN IMPROVED UNION GAS STOVE FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Neall, Wholesale Brewer, of Northampton,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED UNION GAS STOVE FOR LIGHTING AND
HEATING."
Scaled the 24th March 1857, and dated the 27th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Neall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1856.
I, GEORGE NEALL, Wholesale Brewer, of Northampton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED UNION GAS STOVE FOR
LIGHTING AND HEATING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
It consists of uniting one or more burners to a suitable metallic rim, on
which rests a glass dome of a kind of bee-hive shape, and there being no
openings or perforations in the said dome, it becomes very hot and heats the
room, partly by radiation, and partly by the heated air that is constantly
passing in and out under the dome. In some instances, I place underneath
the burners a glass reflector. The whole being fitted to a suitable stand or
suspended from the ceiling or bracket, becomes a very clean, economic, and
desirable stove, and from the top being made of a transparent material, it of
course diffuses light at the same time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Neall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
NEALL, Wholesale Brewer, of Northampton, in that County, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Neall, Her special licence that I, the said George Neall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Neall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully night make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED UNION GAS STOVE
FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Neall, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal;
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be-performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Neall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The object of my Invention has a twofold purpose, namely, that of com-
bining what may be strictly designated a gas stove with that of a gas lamp,
thus effecting the double purpose of lighting and heating by one and the
same apparatus; and which apparatus is so constructed as to entirely prevent
or consume the nauseous vapour that is thrown off by the ordinary description
gas stoves while in usc.
of
But as my Invention may be best understood by referring to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, I will proceed to describe the same, reference being made
to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say):
Figure 1 represents a union stove and lamp as resting on a pedestal,
suitable for lighting and heating vestibules, lobbies, or other such like situations.
The gas is supposed to be carried up through the centre of the pedestal

page_text: marked A, and through the base or stand of the stove, marked B, and through
the radial arms; partly shewn in: dotted lines, 'marked dne, if; and to these
arms (which may be of any convenient 'number) the circular, rim g; g, is
attached, around the outside of which a 'slight fence of trim is formed; which
may be pierced or raised in any ornamental pattern or suitable design; and
within this rim or fence the glass dome II rests: The burners j, j, are fixed
perpendicularly to the radial arms, or they may be inclined inwardly, if
'desired. In some convenient, place, at or near the stove, it is necessary to have
a stop-cock for regulating the supply of gas; the necessity of this will be
hereafter referred to. The shape of the dome may be varied, but I believe
the form here exhibited to be the best; and must be made without any
openings or apertures otherwise than at its base; and, as a rule; I prefer
that the dome should be ground or deadened on the outside; which will tend
to soften the effect of the light, and at the same time allow of its being
painted, stained, cut, or otherwise ornamented.
In lighting this union stove and lamp it is necessary; as a precaution, to
turn on at first but a little gas (which may be regulated by means of the stop-
cock above referred to), and to light all the jets as simultaneously as possible.
The small quantity of gas at first lighted will have. the effect of gradually' and
uniformly heating the dome, and that done, the gas may be farther turned
on or increased, as required. This heating of the dome is effected by the
then rarified and heated state of the air within it, which has no way of
escaping but by being forced down by the continuous supply that is constantly
rushing in (around the burners supporting the flames, and ascending to the
centre of the dome, there distributing itself; and descending close to' its interior
surface, and escaping beneath the rim. :g, g; thus there is a continuous
stream of heated air continually, pouring out underneath the rim of the dome,
and diffusing itself around the apartment; and at the same time that light
is emitted through the dome heat is also thrown off from the surface of the
dome by radiation..
This union stove, and lamp may be constructed with or without the
reflector marked k, k, but, from preference, I would have it used, as in so
doing the light is thrown down and diffused around the floor of the apartment;
and this reflector being roughened, ground, or deadened on its under side,
may, like the dome, be painted, stained, cut, or otherwise ornamented.
Figure 2 represents the same description of gas stove and lamp as described
in Figure 1, and introduced here for the purpose of shewing its adaptation
to a bracket support, suitable for being placed around galleries or walls of
churches, chapels, or such like buildings, where light and heat are required

page_text: to be generally diffused. The gas in this instance is conducted, through a
tube constructed or applied to the bracket, and thence to the burners; and
around the rim that supports the dome glass drops or prisms are suspended,
and merely introduced here by way of ornaments.....
Figure 3 represents a top view of the rim, radial supports, and burners,
marked I, 1, and m, m; the concentric circle n, n, n, n, representing the glass
dish or reflector.
:
Figure 4 represents, another application of my union stove and lamp as
suspended from the ceiling, and may or may not be fitted with a slide and
compensating.or balance weights; and in this Figure, I have represented the
outer rim or fence, that protects and supports the dome, partly broken, as
also the dome, for the purpose of exhibiting (with the aid of the arrows) the
current or action of the air or atmosphere in and about the dome while the
stove and lamp is in 'use; the reflector, marked o, o, being represented in
section.
-
I do not propose to confine myself in all instances to the use of glass for
the dome, as in some cases (where heat may be more desirable than light)
the dome may be made much thicker than the one here shewn, and formed
of china or other suitable semi-transparent plastic material, and moulded in
any suitable design on its exterior, the parts fitted to it being of corresponding
strength and character to match.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not propose confining myself to any of the precise details herein exhibited
and described; as the whole is capable of considerable modification; but
what I do claim as my Invention is, the use of a transparent or semi-transparent
entire dome, with its attending parts, for the purpose of economising gas, by
its diffusing light and heat at the same time.
2. In witness whereof, I, the said George Neall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
JAMES S. COCKINGS,
Patent Agent, Birmingham.
GEORGE NEALL. (L.S.)