IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF AN ASPHALTIC MATERIAL FOR PAVING, ROAD MARINA " AMWER DUD DASH
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Horatio Paul, of 1, Victoria Street,
Westminster, Consulting Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF AN ASPHALTIC MATERIAL FOR PAVING, ROAD
MARINA
"
AMWER DUD DASHG
Sealed the 12th December 1871, and dated the 28th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Horatio Paul
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th July 1871.
I, BENJAMIN HORATIO PAUL, of 1, Victoria Street, Westminster,
Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF AN ASPHALTIC MATERIAL FOR
PAVING, ROAD MAKING, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining the materials herein-after described
in such manner as to obtain a product similar in general character to
the asphaltic rock used for paving, and capable of being used as a sub-
stitute for the latter.
-

page_text: The materials I enploy for the purpose are, 1, ground stone such as
lias limestone, Bath oolite, etc., and by preference such stones or
rocks as are not too difficult to grind into powder, loamy, calcareous,
or sandy earth may also be used, likewise, burnt clay or any other
material of the same kind that is not too costly; 2, bitumen of the kind
that is commonly contained in the tar or oil obtained by distilling coal,
bituminous shale, peat, or other bituminous materials. This bitumen
is separated as a bye product or residue in refining the crude oil or
tar commonly known as "crude paraffin oil."
A similar bitumen obtained in refining petroleum may also be used
for the purposes of this Invention, also natural bitumen, but I prefer to
use that first specified.
The asphaltic material for paving is prepared by thoroughly incor-
porting the ground rock, stone, or earth, etc., with the bitumen by
mixing them under edge runners or in a mortar mill, and adding
meanwhile some water to make the materials cake together, and
facilitate their mixture. When thoroughly mixed the mass is to be
well dried by heat, and it will then be in a state to use for paving
purposes.
I prefer to use the above-named materials in such proportions that in
the finished product the amount of bitumen shall be between ten and
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Horatio Paul in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
HORATIO PAUL, of 1, Victoria Street, Westminster, Consulting Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Horatio Paul, Her special licence
that I, the said Benjamin Horatio Paul, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Horatio Paul, my

page_text: executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRODUCTION OF AN ASPHALTIC MATERIAL FOR PAVING, ROAD MAKING, AND
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Benjamin Horatio Paul, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Horatio Paul, do hereby
declare the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My Invention consists in treating and combining the materials herein-
after described in such manner as to obtain a product similar in general
character to the asphaltic rock used for paving and capable of being
used as a substitute for the latter.
The materials I employ for the purpose are, 1, ground stone, such as
lias limestone, Bath oolite, and such like material, and by preference
such stones or rocks as are not too difficult to grind into powder, for
instance, compact crystaline limestone, loamy, calcareous, or sandy
carth may also be used, likewise burnt clay or any other material of
the same kind that is not too costly; 2, bitumen of the kind that is
commonly contained in the tar or oil obtained by distilling coal,
bituminous shale, peat, or other bituminous materials for the production
of what is known as crude paraffin oil being separated as a bye product
or residue in refining such crude oil or tar commonly known as "crude
paraffin oil."
A similar bitumen obtained in refining petroleum may also be used
for the purposes of this Invention. The above described bitumens being
obtained by the operations herein-after described.
To obtain bitumen for the purposes of this Invention I take the tarry
sludge commonly known in paraflin oil works as "acid tar.
This "acid

page_text: tar" is to be stirred in a large vat with about its own volume of water,
by which means the bitumen is separated as a tarry mass while the acid
remains dissolved in the water.
To facilitate the separation of the bitumen from the acid liquor it is
sometimes convenient to blow steam into the mixture or otherwise to
heat it sufficiently to melt the bitumen. After separation has been
effected the acid liquor is drawn off and if necessary the bitumen is
again washed with water.
When the acid has been sufficiently removed the washed bitumen
is transferred to a large evaporating pan or still where it is to be heated
to drive off adhering water, and any admixture of oil which may render
it too soft. This operation is carried on till the bitumen remaining
in the pan or still has such a consistence that a piece of it will when
cold break short with a conchoidal fracture, and will also readily become
flexible and ductile after being held for a few minutes between the
fingers. Sometimes the washed bitumen merely requires to be heated
sufficiently to drive off adherent water, and this operation may be
carried out in an open pan, but some kinds of "acid tar" are much
more oily than others, and since in such cases the washed bitumen
must be boiled down to a greater extent it is then desirable to employ
a still for the purpose of collecting the oil by condensation.
66
In the distillation of crude paraffin oil to produce what is termed
once run oil," part of the bitumen contained in the oil is separated
as a residuum in the still, and sometimes the distillation is stopped
at such a stage as to obtain this residue as a greasy tar known as
"bottoms," which may likewise be used for the purposes of my Invention
when treated in the same manner as is described for the washed bitumen
from "acid tar."
In some cases natural bitumen may be used combined with the
bitumen obtained as above described, or such natural bitumen may even
be used in lieu of it, but at the present price of natural bitumen I
consider it inapplicable on economic grounds.
The asphaltic material for paving is prepared by thoroughly incor-
porating the ground rock, stone, or earth, and such like materials with
the bitumens aforesaid by mixing them under edge runners or in a
mortar mill, and adding meanwhile some water to make the materials
cake together and facilitate their mixture. When thoroughly mixed

page_text: the mass is to be well dried by heat, and it will then be in a state to
use for paving purposes.
I prefer to use the above-named materials in such proportions that in
the finished product the amount of bitumen shall be between ten and
twenty per centum of the whole of the weight.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed or put in practice I hereby declare that I claim the production
of the herein described asphaltic material for paving, road making, and
other purposes by treating and combining the above-named materials
as herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Horatio Paul, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
BENJ. H. PAUL. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed in my presence,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street.