IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Sanders Blockey, of Leeds, in the County
of York, Starch Manufacturer, and James Hervey, of Bradford, in
the aforesaid County of York, Accountant,
Accountant, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sanders Blockey
and James Hervey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th August, 1866.
We, JOHN SANDERS BLOCKEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Starch
Manufacturer, and JAMES HERVEY, of Bradford, in the aforesaid County of
York, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates especially to the manufacture of those bags usually
made of four-sided form, or of square or rectangular cross section, and which
heretofore have been manufactured for the most part by hand; and the
Invention is applicable also to the manufacture of bags of any other polygonal
[Price 6d.

page_text: cross section or of a cylindrical form.. The apparatus consists of a block of
the size and form that the bag is required to be made, which block is fixed to
one end of a shaft capable of rotation; in one side of this block is a clip,
which is operated by a cam and springs so as to seize and hold the paper
when presented to it, and retain its hold thereon until the bag is made, and
then release it. A table is provided with one or two more pairs of feed rollers
to conduct and feed the paper, which is supplied in long lengths; also a pair
of rollers with projecting knives are employed to cut the paper to the
lengths required, or a knife fixed on a rotary shaft or to a frame having a
rising and falling or a sliding motion imparted to it may be employed for
this purpose. A guide board and presser or a flap hinged to the table and
pressed by a spring or lever and weight against the block which guides the
paper to the clip, and also presses it into form on the block. Parallel with the
block shaft or the axis of the block is a rotary shaft on which are mounted a
series of brushes, which are supplied with paste by means of rollers pro-
jecting through the sides of a trough or vessel containing paste placed in
suitable position for the purpose. One brush is so arranged as to paste the
joining ends of the paper, whilst the other brushes in succession fold the paper on
the end of the block, pasting it at the same time to form the bottom of the bag.
A stamper or presser is provided, which at the time the folding of the bottom
of the bag is completed is caused to stamp and press thereon by means of a
spring, or lever and weight, or cord pullies and weight to flatten the folds.
The end of the block is provided with a moveable plate, which is mounted on
one or more bars passing longitudinally through the block and capable of
sliding therein when acted upon by a cam and lever or other suitable means
to force the bag off the end of the block, the stamper being moved back
thereby to a position where it is seized and held back by a spring catch, and
the moveable plate is withdrawn, leaving the bag to fall out of the way into a
suitable receiver or on to a travelling apron. A finger is fixed on the shaft
which carries the brushes to liberate the stamper from the catch, when the
next bag is formed and pasted on the block, allowing it to operate as before,
and the moveable plate is also operated again to remove the bag from the
block; the machine is thus rendered self-acting in the manufacture of these
bags.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Sanders Blockey and James Hervey in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SANDERS BLOCKEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Starch Manufacturer, and
JAMES HERVEY, of Bradford, in the aforesaid County of York, Accountant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Sanders Blockey and James Hervey, Her special licence that we, the said
John Sanders Blockey and James Hervey, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Sanders Blockey and James
Hervey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Sanders Blockey and James Hervey, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Sanders Blockey and James
Hervey, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings
(that is to say):-
This Invention relates specially to the manufacture of those bags usually
made of four-sided form, or of a square or rectangular cross section, and
which heretofore have been manufactured for the most part by hand means
only, but the Invention is applicable also to the manufacture of bags of any
other polygonal cross section or of a cylindrical form. The apparatus
consists of a block of the size and form that the bag is required to be made,

page_text: which block is fixed at one end to a shaft capable of rotation; in one side of
this block is a clip, which is operated by a cam or springs so as to seize and
hold the paper when presented to it, and retain its hold thereon until the bag
is made, and then release it. A table is provided with one, two, or more
pairs of feed rollers to conduct and feed the paper, which is supplied in long
lengths; also a pair of rollers with projecting knives are employed to cut
the paper to the lengths required, or a knife fixed on a rotary shaft or to a
frame having a rising and falling or a sliding motion imparted to it may be
employed for this purpose. A guide board and presser or a flap is hinged to
the table or stand thereof and pressed by a spring or lever and weight
against the block which guides the paper to the clip, and also presses it into
form on the block. Parallel with the block shaft or the axis of the block is
a rotary shaft, on which are mounted a series of brushes, which are supplied
with paste by means of rollers projecting through the sides of a trough or
vessel containing paste placed in suitable position for the purpose.
One
brush is so arranged as to paste the joining ends of the paper, whilst the
other brushes in succession fold the paper on the end of the block, pasting it
at the same time to form the bottom of the bag. A stamper or presser is
provided, which at the time the folding of the bottom of the bag is completed
is caused to stamp and press thereon by means of a spring or lever and
weight, or cord pullies and weight to flatten the folds. The end of the block
is provided with a moveable plate, which is mounted on one or more bars
passing longitudinally through the block and capable of sliding therein when
atted upon by a cam and lever or other suitable means to force the bag off
the end of the block, the stamper being moved back thereby to a position
where it is seized and held back by a spring catch, and the moveable plate is
withdrawn, leaving the bag to fall out of the way into a suitable receiver or on
to a travelling apron. A finger is fixed on the shaft which carries the brushes
to liberate the stamper from the catch, when the next bag is formed and
pasted on the block, allowing it to operate as before, and the moveable plate
is also operated again to remove the bag from the block; the machine is
thus rendered self-acting in the manufacture of these bags.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The manner in which this Invention is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical operation will be more readily understood by reference
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which illustrates a machine con-
structed according to the said Invention, wherein Figure 1 is a vertical cross
section, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same.

page_text: A is the block on which the paper bags are to be formed, and which is
mounted on the end of a horizontal shaft B. Rotary motion is communicated
to this shaft by the train of gear wheels C1, C2, C3, from the main driving
shaft D, which may either be turned by hand or power according to con-
venience. The block is shewn full size in plan and cross section in Figs. 3
and 4, where E shews the clip closed, extending the length of the block,
and is hinged so as to be capable of opening, as shewn by the dotted lines;
the opening of said clip is generally effected by its own gravitation when
the block is placed or turned into the position shewn in Fig. 1 and when not
locked, as afterwards will be explained; but in order to ensure the opening of
said clip at the proper time there is a slidablé pin F, which passes through
the body of the block, which is operated upon by a stud F fixed to the frame
of the machine, whereby the clip is pushed open at a certain time ready to
receive the end of the paper. The clip is closed by another stud F², which
acts upon a projection E¹ of the said clip as the block rotates, thereby closing
it, when it is locked by an incline or catch G formed on the slide bar H, which
passes over or upon another catch or inclined projection E2 formed on the clip;
this slide bar H also carries a plate H' for pushing the bag when completed
off the block. Paper to be formed into bags is first wound in long lengths
on to a bobbin 1, from which it is drawn off as required, passing over a table
J, and betwixt a pair of feed rollers K to the block; these rollers have a
rotary motion given to them by pinion L at a quicker surface speed than the
surface speed of the block for the purpose of pushing the end of the paper
into the clip of the block at the proper time. When the clip has seized the
paper the feed rollers are separated by the action of a tappet M on a lever
M', and the paper is then drawn forward by the rotation of the block, which
winds it on to its own surfaces. When a suitable length to form the
bag has been wound on it is then cut off by a pair of knives N, N¹, which
are operated by the tappet O on the lever O. During the winding of the
paper on to the block a presser or flap P, which is actuated by a spring P¹,
is caused to press the paper close against the surfaces of the block, and a
brush Q carried by a rotary shaft R is supplied with paste from a roller S
projecting through the bottom of a trough S¹ containing the paste, which
brush in its revolution pastes the paper on the block at the proper time and
place for the overlapping end of the paper to be secured by the action of the
presser; also a series of rollers and roller brushes T are carried by the
rotary shaft R, which revolve in contact with another paste supplying vessel T¹,
and then in near contact with the end of the block, folding the paper thereon
and pasting it at the same time to form the bottom of the bag. When the

page_text: bag has been thus formed and pasted on the block a stamper U is brought
into action by a cam or teppet V operating upon a lever V, which causes it to
come suddenly into contact with the end of the bag, pressing the folds together
against the end of the block, and pressure is continued thereon by a weight V
attached to a cord V³ during the removal of the bag from the block,
which is effected by the action of a cam W, which actuates a lever W,
giving motion to the slide bar H, which first unlocks the clip E by pushing
the catch or incline G off the incline E a slot being provided in the
attachment of the plate to the bar H to give time, and then by means of the
plate H¹ forces the bag off the block, the stamper still continuing to press on
the bottom of the bag against the plate until the bag is clearly off the block.
A pair of fingers X, which are also carried on the shaft R, are then interposed
betwixt the top end of the bag and the block; the stamper is caught and held
by a spring catch V, and the slide bar H is suddenly withdrawn by the
action of the cam W, when the bag drops upon a receiver Y carried by
the shaft R, which deposits into a basket or other suitable receiver, or upon
an endless travelling apron. Z is a finger to liberate the catch V*.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Sanders Blockey, for and on behalf
of myself and the said James Hervey, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixteenth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named John
Sanders Blockey, in the
presence of
ARTHUR B. CROSSLEY,
Clerk to W. Tasker,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
JOHN SANDERS BLOCKEY. (L.S.)