Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition Blocks for Paving Roads and Ways, Carriage-brake Blocks, and other uses.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 4th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1898
Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition Blocks for Paving
Roads and Ways, Carriage-brake Blocks, and other uses.
....
I, CHARLES JAMES GRIST, of 20, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates to the manufacture of blocks for use in paving roads and
ways, carriage brake blocks and for other uses.
I take linseed or other drying oil and partially oxidize it by applying heat to
the vessel in which it is contained, having previously added litharge or other
suitable oxidizing agent to a temperature of say 400° F. or upwards taking care
that it does not boil for more than say about 24 hours. furthermore attention
should be given that the oil is kept stirred for about 48 hours being continually
kept in motion by suitable apparatus which may be conveniently arranged on or
adjacent to the vessel for the purpose.
The oil is then allowed to cool until it reaches about its normal temperature.
I now take a suitable fibrous substance such for instance as jute, hemp, cotton,
animal fibre or other suitable fibre, in which the separate fibres composing the
mass are or can be made to. be distinct and separable but at the same time of
uniform or substantially uniform character and taking care that the fibres shall
be clean and free from any deleterious foreign substance in mixture or adhering
to them. These I free from the fibre by means of carding or other suitable
cleansing method.
I then spread and loosen the fibres subjecting them to the action of heated air
in order to remove as far as possible traces of aqueous moisture because any
moisture present militates against the success of the process.
The partially oxidised oil being now at about its normal temperature and the
fibres in a clean and dry condition 'I immerse such fibres in a loosened and
graduated condition into the oil, the fibres are then immersed in the oil but
immediately taken out again and I attach great importance to these precautions.
The fibres thus dipped are placed in a hydro extractor of the usual or con-
venient pattern for the purpose of extracting the superfluous oil not actually
adhering to the fibres.
When this has been effected. and the free oil has been thoroughly removed
I take the fibres out of the extractor and each fibre is found to be covered at
intervals with small globules of oil which adhere to it. I now pull the fibres
thoroughly apart and loosen them by means of a carding machine or other suit-
able device and afterwards spread these fibres as loosely as possible on wire gauze
or other suitable netting or reticulate or openwork surface and pass a current
of heated air for suitable periods through them by means of a revolving fan or
other suitable air supplying means turning every hour or so and redistributing
the fibres on the netting by suitable lifting and turning means till each particle
of oil is oxidized and dried.
Then I again immerse the fibres in the oil and drain off the superfluous oil by

page_text: means of the hydro extractor or its equivalent, and more globules of oil will be
found to be adhering to portions of the fibres not covered after the first dipping
then I repeat the drying process explained above and when dry I immerse the
fibres a third and last time subjecting them to the action of the hydro extractor
as before when the fibres will be completely coated or nearly so with globules of
oil, and the drying process will be accomplished as before.
I have not found it economically-useful to subject the fibres to more than three
dippings of oil, as the object is to give only one coating to each fibre and this is
attained by partially coating portions of the surfaces of the fibres at each immer-
sion and this is generally sufficiently completed after three immersions and more
have a bad effect.
If more immersions were made the fibres would be liable to become over
saturated so that the moving heated air would be unable to oxidize the whole
sufficiently and the resulting product would be useless for my purposes.
I now grind up the fibres treated as described above, until they become of a
homogeneous character.
This masticating or grinding I prefer to accomplish by means of rolls (running
at different surface speeds so as to obtain the desired effect) running at a high
speed.
The material is now placed in crushing rolls which I employ cold and I add
about 5% to 10% of powdered sulphur to it while the crushing is progressing
taking care that the fibrous treated material is not allowed to become so heated
as to injure it. This I prevent by occasionally stripping it off the rolls by means
of a knife or gauge suitable for the purpose.
When the sulphur is thoroughly mixed I allow the material to cool to about
normal and I then again place it in the crushing rolls, and add between 10%
and 15% of white lead, sand, asbestos, slate, cement or other suitable hardening
or binding material, or for certain purposes I may use two or even all of these
in proportions of from 2% to 15% of each. I crush these together in the rolls
and then place the material into suitable moulds or dies placing them in a press
which may be either hydraulic, vulcanizing or other suitable device.
Again I may vulcanize the material before placing it in the moulds or dies.
By this means a material will be formed either in the form of blocks or sheets
which will wear well, the surface being smooth or rough and which will be
resilient and deaden sound.
ALL
с
1000
WM. BROOKES & SON;
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition Blocks for Paving
Roads and Ways, Carriage-brake Blocks, and other uses.
I, CHARLES JAMES GRIST, of 20, Gracechurch Street, in 'the City of London,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to the manufacture of blocks for use in paving roads and
ways, carriage brake blocks and for other uses.
I take linseed or other drying oil and partially oxidize it by applying heat to
the vessel in which it is contained, having previously added litharge or other

page_text: suitable oxidizing agent to a temperature of say 400° F. or upwards taking care
that it does not boil for more than say about 24 hours furthermore attention
should be given that the oil is kept stirred for about 48 hours being' continually
kept in motion by suitable apparatus which may be conveniently arranged on or
adjacent to the vessel for the purpose.
..
The oil is then allowed to cool until it reaches about its normal temperature.
I now take a suitable fibrous substance such for instance as jute, hemp, cotton,
animal fibre or other suitable fibre, in which the separate fibres comprising the
mass are or can be made to be distinct and senarable but at the same time of
uniform or substantially uniform character and taking care that the fibres shall
be clean and free from any deleterious foreign substance in mixture or adhering
to them. These I free from the fibre by means of carding or other suitable
cleansing method.
I then spread and loosen the fibres subjecting them to the action of heated air
in order to remove as far as possible traces of aqueous moisture because any
moisture present militates against the success of the process.
The partially oxidized oil being now at about its normal temperature and the
fibres in
a clean and dry condition I immerse such fibres in a loosened and
graduated condition into the oil, the fibres are then immersed in the oil but
immediately taken out again and I attach great importance to these precautions.
The fibres thus dipped are placed in a hydro extractor of the usual or con-
venient pattern for the purpose of extracting the superfluous oil not actually
adhereing to the fibres.
When this has been effected and the superfluous oil has been thoroughly removed
I take the fibres out of the extractor and each fibre is found to be covered at
intervals with small globules of oil which adhere to it. I now pull the fibres
thoroughly apart and loosen them by means of a carding machine or other suit-
able device and afterwards spread these fibres as loosely as possible on wire gauze
or other suitable netting or reticulate or openwork surface and pass a current
of heated air for suitable periods through them by means of a revolving fan or
other suitable air supplying means turning every hour or so and redistributing
the fibres on the netting by suitable lifting and turning means till each particle
of oil is oxidized and dried.
Then I again immerse the fibres in the oil and drain off the superfluous oil by
means of the hydro-extractor or its equivalent and more globules of oil will be
found to be adhering to portions of the fibres not covered after the first dipping
then I repeat the drying process explained above and when dry I immerse the
fibres a third time subjecting them to the action of the hydro-extractor as before
and repeat the process until the fibres are completely coated or nearly so with
globules of oil, and the drying process will be accomplished as before.
I now grind up the fibres treated as described above, until they become of a
homogeneous character.
This masticating or grinding I prefer to accomplish by means of rolls (running
at different surface speeds so as to obtain the desired effect) running at a high
speed.
The material is now placed in crushing rolls which I employ cold and I add
about 5% to 10% of powdered sulphur to it while the crushing is progressing
taking care that the fibrous treated material is not allowed to become so heated
as to injure it. This I prevent by occasionally stripping it off the rolls by means
of a knife or gauge suitable for the purpose.
When the sulphur is thoroughly mixed I allow the material to cool to about
normal and I then again place it in the crushing rolls, and add between 10%
and 15% of white lead, sand, asbestos, slate, cement or other suitable hardening
or binding material, or for certain purposes I may use two or even all of these
in proportions of from 21% to 15% of each. I crush these together in the rolls
and then place the material into suitable moulds or dies placing them in a press
which may be either hydraulic, vulcanizing or other suitable device.

page_text: Or Imay alter the crushing operation, and run it through callender rolls into
sheets of any desired thickness. For the purpose of brake blocks and like uses
I may after the crushing operation pass the material through a squirting machine
in order to make it into the required shapes afterwards I may place it in moulds:
or dies and transfer them to a vulcanizing press where the material will be
hardened by pressure and heat.
Again I may vulcanize the material before placing it in the moulds or dies.
By this means a material will be formed either in the form of blocks or sheets
which will wear well, the surface being smooth or rough and which will be
resilient and deaden-sound.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is:
The manufacture of compositions for blocks for paving roads and ways, for
carriage brake blocks and for other uses, mainly composed of oxidized oil and.
fibre, with certain other specified matters admixed, prepared and applied as and
for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
Dated the 2nd day
Naamhan 1900
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant....