IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, FRAMES, AND DOORS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM, WHEN CLOSED, AIR, DUST, AND WATER-TIGHT
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Brown, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
Architect and Surveyor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW
SASHES, FRAMES, AND DOORS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM, WHEN CLOSED, AIR,
DUST, AND WATER-TIGHT."
Sealed the 19th September 1860, and dated the 20th March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1860.
I, JOHN BROWN, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Architect and
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, FRAMES, AND DOORS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM, WHEN
CLOSED, AIR, DUST, AND WATER-TIGHT," to be as follows:-
My Invention in window sashes and frames consists in constructing them as
hereafter described. The beads or moulded stops connected with the sill and
the top of the outer casing are bevilled, as also the lower rail of the bottom
sash and the top rail of the upper sash. The under side of the bottom rail of
the lower sash, the top rail of the upper sash, the outer side rails of the
bottom sash, the inner side rails of the upper sash, and the meeting rail of the
same are all formed with a groove for the reception of a stuffing or packing of
cloth or other suitable material, prepared or not with a waterproof composition.
I secure the cloth packing in the grooves by preference with marine glue.
The sashes should fit loosely, except at the wedged portions of the bottom rail

page_text: of the lower and top rail of the upper sash, so as to guard the packing from
great friction. When, however, the two sashes are fastened by a screw, bolt,
or other sash fastening, the whole of the packing surfaces are brought into
contact with the respective parts opposed to them, and an air, dust, and water-
tight window sash is the result.
For doors and French casements I form the rebated portions of the jambs
and inner beads on the same for hanging with a water groove to the outer
bead. I form a water bar and iron plate as projecting surfaces on the doors
or casements, and I make the grooves for the reception of the packing on the
outer side of the bottom rails next to the water bar, as well as on the sides and
head of the frame or jambs.
My Invention is applicable to old as well as to new sashes, frames, and
doors.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BROWN, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Architect and Surveyor, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Brown, Her special licence that I, the said John
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, FRAMES, AND DOORS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM WHEN
CLOSED AIR, DUST, AND WATER-TIGHT," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Brown, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great

page_text: Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Brown, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention in window sashes and frames consists in constructing them as
hereafter described. The beads or moulded stops connected with the sill and
the top of the outer casing are bevelled, as also the lower rail of the bottom
sash and the top rail of the upper sash. The bottom rail of the lower sash,
the top rail of the upper sash, and the meeting rails and styles of the same are
all formed with a groove or grooves for the reception of a stuffing or packing
of cloth or other suitable textile fabric or leather. The sashes should fit
loosely, except at the wedged portions of the bottom rail of the lower and top
rail of the upper sash, so as to guard the packing from great friction. When,
however, the two sashes are fastened by a screw, bolt, or other sash fastening,
the packing surfaces are brought into contact with the respective parts
opposed to them, and an air, dust, and water-tight window sash is the
result.
For doors and French casements I form the rebated portions of the jambs
and inner beads on the same for hanging with a water groove to the outer
bead, I form a water bar and iron plate as projecting surfaces on the doors or
casements, and I make the grooves for the reception of the packing on the
outer side of the bottom rails next to the water bar, as well as on the sides and
head of the frame or jambs.
My Invention is applicable to old as well as to new sashes, frames, and
doors, and the packing may be inserted in grooves made in the sashes, frames,
and doors, or they may be inserted in beads or strips of wood, which may
be slidden in grooves formed for their reception in the sashes, frames, and
doors.
a is
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional elevation of the head
or upper part of a sash frame constructed according to my Invention.
the head of the sash frame; b is the inside and c the outside bead; d is the
top rail of the sash, the inner side of which has a strip of wood e inserted in
it. This wood receives a packing f of cloth, felt, or other textile fabric, or
leather, which, when the window is closed, abuts against the head or sash
frame a, and prevents any air or dust entering between the top rail d and the
said sash frame a.

page_text: Figure 2 is a section of a sash frame taken through the meeting rails fitted
with a packing in a similar manner to that before described.
g, g¹, are the
meeting rails; the rail g' carries the strip of wood e, in which the packing fis
inserted. This packing abuts against the meeting rail g, and consequently
prevents any dust or air entering between it and the rail g'; the part against
which the packing abuts is hollowed out, as shown in this rail and others
where the packing occurs, in order to prevent its being injured by pressure.
Figure 3 is a section of the lower part or bottom rail of a sash frame,
shewing the mode in which I fit the packing to it. h is the bottom rail of the
sash; e is the strip of wood carrying the packing f; b is the inside bead; i is
the sill of the sash frame.
Figure 4 is a section of a sash frame taken through the bottom sash, parting
bead, and top sash. k is the parting bead with a hollow on each side, against
which the packing f in the top sash d and in the bottom sash abuts. Where
bevel beads are not provided a metal wedge is fixed in each corner of the
bottom bead of the sash, sill, and the outer bead of the window head casing to
keep the upper and lower portions of the sashes fast when closed.
Figure 5 is a section of the head of a French casement sash, fitted to
exclude water, air, or dust, as before described; Figure 6 is a section of the
bottom rail of the same; Figure 7 is a section of a similar casement through
the sashes and parting bead; and Figure 8 is a section through the jamb
and sash. a is the jamb, to which the sash door bis hinged or hung; c is
the casement sash head; d, d, are the top and bottom rails of the sash door;
e, e, are the meeting styles; f is the parting bead; g, g, are the strips of
wood for holding the packing, as before described; that part opposite the
packing frame is hollowed out, as in the window sashes before described, in
order that the packing be not crushed.
Figure 9 shows in section through the top rail, Figure 10 through the
bottom rail, and Figure 11 through the style, the manner in which I apply
the packing to doors. a, a, are the door heads or jambs, upon or against
which the top rail b, b, of the door closes; b' is the bottom rail; c, c, are the
carpet stops for the bottom rail; d, d, are the hanging styles of door jambs, to
which the doors e, e, are hinged or hung; f, f, are the grooved wooden strips
for containing the packing, as before.
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 shows strips of wood of various shapes, for
the reception of packing of cloth or other textile fabric or leather, and
applicable to doors, windows, casements, or other places where it is required
to exclude air, dust, or water, as before described. I do not limit myself to
the employment of strips of wood of the shape before given or to the form of

page_text: packing, as the same may be varied considerably without departing from the
essential features of my Invention.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the employment
of a packing of cloth or other textile fabric or leather inserted in a groove or
grooves, whether made in or in strips fitted to the frames of sashes, windows,
casements, and doors, essentially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN BROWN. (L.S.)
Witness,
HENRY LEEST,
Clerk to Messrs. Steward & Fisher, Solicitors,
Norwich.