matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, CLEANSING, SALTING, AND PACKING BUTTER, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1863.
I, MICHAEL SMITH, of Bushfield House, Donnybrook Road, in the County
of the City of Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, CLEANSING, SALTING, AND PACKING
BUTTER, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," to be as follows:--
The butter when taken from the churner is placed in a box with a moveable
bottom perforated, either round or oblong, or in any form I may think fit to
have the perforations, the box is supported by four legs, or otherwise is
immersed in water to about an inch or so above the moveable bottom that is
perforated. Their is a lid placed over the butter, and by means of a screw or
any other pressure the butter is forced through the perforated bottom, through
the water which washes the butter, the passing of the butter through the
perforated bottom also cleanses it from any hairs that may happen to be
in it.
To salt the butter after the washing, remove the butter from the water and
sprinkle with salt, then remove the box from the water, still having the loose
perforated bottom in it, then place the butter on the bottom, place the lid,
apply the screw or any other pressure, and force the butter through the bottom
two or three times untill the butter and salt is properly mixed.
Then to pack or press, place another lose bottom over the perforated bottom,
place the butter on it, the latter-named bottom not to be perforated, then the
lid, and apply the screw or any other pressure.

page_text: I claim all kinds of materials that are perforated for the bottom for the
butter to pass through when washing, such as zinc, enamelled plates, galvanized
iron, tinned copper, or slate, open wirework or wove cords.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN SAUCE NOW AND HEREAFTER TO BE CALLED THE ESSEX SAUCE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Ray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1863.
I, ROBERT HENRY RAY, of No. 15, Prince's Gate, Hyde Park, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " THE
MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN SAUCE NOW AND HEREAFTER TO BE CALLED THE ESSEX
SAUCE," to be as follows:-
Cayenne pepper
Vinegar
Soy
-
-
1 oz.
1 gallon.
4 oz.
Mushroom ketchup
Garlics
Shallots
Anchovies
Port wine -
"
4 oz.
-
6
-
12
-
10
-
1 quart.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gibson at the Office o
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1863.
I, JOHN GIBSON, of the Firm of Gibson Brothers, of Heptonstall, in the
Parish of Halifax, and County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of working or operating the healds or heddles
in looms for weaving, and the object is to facilitate the changing or converting
of "Lancashire" or plain looms into fancy looms. On the ordinary tappet
shaft I place a tappet of peculiar form, as shewn in the Drawing annexed to
this my Provisional Specification, capable of being readily moved and fixed in
position to act upon the ordinary treading levers in substitution of the ordinary
plain treading tappits; I-also apply additional levers in connection with the
treading levers, so formed and arranged that hooked rods depending from
the ordinary "lambs" which are attached to the healds or heddles may take
hold thereon. These hooked rods are brought into contact with one or both
of the said levers by cards from jacquard or other indicating apparatus as
required, and are withdrawn and held out of contact therewith by springs
or weights; or the rods may be brought into contact by the springs or weights,
and removed by the indicating apparatus.
A NEW DOUBLE-ACTION SELF-FEEDING STAMPING AND PRINTING MACHINE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Howell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1863.
I, GEORGE HOWELL, of the Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
DOUBLE-ACTION SELF-FEEDING STAMPING AND PRINTING MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
The letters are conveyed on endless cloth bands communicating with rollers
at the front and back of the machine,' which are put in motion by a rod
and small cog wheels in connection with an endless screw on the driving shaft
at the top of the sides. The letters are put under the stamps or dies and are
removed from them by india-rubber fingers attached to metal hands, which are
jointed on pendant arms that receive their movement from cams or eccentrics
and strap communicating with the driving shaft, the metal hands being made
to rise and fall by cams pressing on side rods, to which india-rubber bands are
attached. The letters are gauged by fences, and are adjusted by metal roving:
fingers made to rise and fall. The stamps are made to rise and fall by cams,
assisted by india-rubber bands, and may be suspended by palls without
stopping the machine. A swing color box, with screw lock and cylinder,
working from the driving shaft, from which the color is conveyed to the
stamps or dies by soft india-rubber rollers, or in perforated cylindrical metal
rollers covered with cloth, dropped in the end of sprit pendant arms, which
are moved by concurrent cams, which can be varied. The concurrent or
union cam is double, the larger disc of which is enlarged and diminished to

page_text: produce the required movement, and the smaller disc is diminished to make
the cam equal in diameter between the two parallels of a sprit lever, or a
pendant arm, which parallel is divided or set out in order to catch the opposite
edge of each disc. The machine is constructed in sections, each complete in
itself, which may be varied and increased to any number, as each section is
separately attached to two iron bars which are fixed to the sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE REPAIRS OF SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lungley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1868.
I, CHARLES LUNGLEY, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Shipbuilder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE REPAIRS OF SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in digging or forming pits in the ground, and
placing therein caissons with trunks for access and for air; or I make the
pits watertight with cement or other materials suitable for the
I fit
purpose.
campshead of wood or other material to receive the fittings for making the
parts water-tight round the ships or other structures when they are brought
over the pits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS AND FIRE-GUARDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas FitzGerald Wintour at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1863.
I, THOMAS FITZGERALD WINTOUR, of Clifton, near Bristol, in the County of
Gloucester, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS AND FIRE-GUARDS," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to that description of wire gauze or
perforated ventilator which is attached to the upper sash of a window, so that
as the window is opened the ventilator is drawn down over the open space so
as to prevent draught, and also to exclude dust, smuts, insects, or other
annoyances from the apartment where it is used, the ventilator being formed
of two or more strips or sections hinged together longitudinally, so as to fold
The frame of each
up and open out in the manner of a folding screen.
section is made of zinc or other metal surrounding wire gauze or perforated
metal, and the hinge is made of a convolute form by rolling the edges of the
two frames one within the other, so as to form a hinge, which is not only
capable of folding to any angle, and of being drawn down straight, but also
of lengthening and contracting without exposing any slit or opening whatever,
each section being made of two or more parts capable of sliding over each
other, so that the ventilator can be extended or contracted to fit it immediately
to any size of window, and readily removed from one window to another
when desired.
The second part of my improvements relates to what may be called a

page_text: "conical shaft ventilator." This ventilator is constructed of perforated zinc
or wire gauze bent or rolled into a conical form, with a shaft in the centre
about two feet or more long to cause an upward draught, and by that means
to carry off the foul air. This ventilator is intended to be fixed in the ceiling
or wall of any large building, the outer edge of the ventilator being inserted
in a hoop of wood.
The third part of my Invention relates to a "crinoline safety fire-guard."
This is also constructed of wire gauze, and completely envelopes the fire-place
without impeding the ventilation, being fastened at the side of the stove by
hooks, or any other suitable arrangement; a large sliding door is formed in
the centre of the guard to admit of access to the fire for supplying fresh fuel
or for other purposes without the necessity for removing the fire-guard, thereby
preventing the possibility of accidents.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July 1863.
I, HENRY THOMAS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in adapting the sockets of candlesticks to receive
and retain various sizes of candles without cutting or packing. With this
view I make the socket in two parts, dividing it vertically its entire length,
the stem is also similarly divided, and the two parts of it connected by a rivet
joint. Below this joint the parts open out into a bow form, in which. bow
is placed a spring distending the bow, and consequently keeping the 'two parts
of the socket closely up to the candle; or a spring of a circular expanding
form, acting as a band under the nozzle of the socket, may be employed if
preferred.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sellars at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1863.
I, JOHN SELLARS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE," to be as follows:-
I take potatoes, carrots, turnips, mangold-wurtzel, beetroot, and roots of a
similar class and thoroughly cleanse them of all extraneous matter; I then
disintegrate them with a rasp or other suitable contrivance, and extract as
much of the liquids as are desirable by means of a hydro-extractor or hydraulic
press; these liquids, or as such of them as contain saccharine or other nutritive
matter, are then evaporated down to any strength desirable, which may then
be used either in the hot or cold state by sprinkling them upon very dry cereals,
such as wheat, oats, or similar grains or seeds, such cereals having been first
ground or bruised. After the cereals have taken up sufficient of the strong
liquor without being too damp they are mixed in any suitable proportions,
according to the quality of food required, with the pulp of the potatoes, carrots,
or other roots, as before-mentioned, and when they are well blended together
they may be again subjected to the press and made into cakes or other suitable
form for convenient package and carriage.
I do not confine myself to any distinct proportions of the said roots, nor to
mix the pulp of any one of them with the pulp of the others, as they may be

page_text: varied, so that any one of them may be used alone or mixed with the others,
or any one or more of the pressed pulps may be used along with the con-
centrated liquor of its own or that of the liquor from the other esculents,
though it is better to mix them.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING IDENTIFYING LABELS OR TAGS TO BALES OF FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Augustus Locke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1863. Partly a communication from Henry Ware Goodrich, of
Chelsea, in the County of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, in the
United States of America.
I, EDWARD AUGUSTUS LOCKE, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk and
State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING IDENTIFYING
LABELS OR TAGS TO BALES OF FIBROUS MATERIAL," the result partly of a com-
munication made to me by Henry Ware Goodrich, a person resident in Chelsea,
in the aforesaid County, and partly of invention and discovery made by
myself, to be as follows:-
In the transportation of heavy bales of cotton, packages of wool, hemp, and
other similar materials, the covering thereof frequently becomes torn and worn
away by rough usage which they receive in transit, and as the packages are
identified by marks on the covering or by labels connected therewith, and as
these become obliterated and lost, much confusion arises from want of means
of identification; it is, therefore, a desideratum to provide a means for marking
cotton bales and other similar packages, which shall be free from the objections
before mentioned as attendant on the usual practice.
My Invention consists in securing marks or labels on or in bales of cotton
or other fibrous material by means of an instrument or device, to, in, or on
which the mark, tag, or label is affixed or secured, which device is so shaped

page_text: as to be easy of insertion into the fibrous material, and to be difficult of with-
drawal therefrom by reason of barbs, projections, or indentations of such shape
as to displace and slip past the fibres during insertion, and to seize upon them
or be filled by them when moved in the opposite direction. The form of the
instrument or device may be greatly varied, but so long as it is so shaped as
to be easy of insertion and difficult of extraction, and is provided with some
form of label, tag, or mark, or provision for attachment or insertion of one, the
changes made are but modifications of the same Invention. In some cases I
use a sharp pointed instrument to pierce or enter the bale, to which instru-
ment a hook or barb or other anchoring device is attached, so that it shall be
carried in with the entering tool and left therein when the tool is withdrawn ;
the label, tag, or identifying mark being connected to the hook by a wire or
other suitable device; or the hook or anchor device may itself be pointed, and
be pushed into the bale by a rod in such a manner as to be left therein on
withdrawal of the rod, or the rod or hook may form one instrument, to the
outer end of which the tag, label, or identifying mark is to be affixed.
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1863.-A communication from abroad by Jean André
Isidore Pharisier, of Puy, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PLOUGH," & communication to me from abroad by Jean André Isidore Pharisier,
of Puy, France, to be as follows:-
The improved plough with turning mould board, the subject of this Inven-
tion, is especially intended for the cultivation of sloping ground, and is
essentially composed of a guide and handle of wood, a share with steeled point
extending to a bar, to which it is bolted; the body composed of two cutting
edges, forming with the share an angle of 60 degrees to the coulter, and fixed
faces (which resemble two triangular pyramids (with summit) opposite the
coulter); a regulator attached to the fundamental supports of the plough; a hori-
zontal bar pivoting on the middle of the two fundamental supports, and carrying
by their aid a wing or breast mould board and mould boards, which movable
advance and retire at the same moment by means of the support intended to
move the mould boards. A hook fixes the mould boards against a vertical
rest and the bridle which ties the handle. To turn the mould board at the

page_text: end of the furrow the ploughman, furnished with a hook, pulls on the bridle,
pushes a catch, and throws the plough on the side, cleans the mould board
and the body, then lowers the handle, scraping the earth, and relifts, the
horizontal bar then pivots on itself, the mould board takes its usual position,
and the ploughing goes on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER BOXES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1863.-A communication by Emmanuel Neriny, residing
at Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER
BOXES," communicated to me by Emmanuel Neriny, a person residing at
Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy, to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in an arrangement by means of which the
"collection" of letters is facilitated, and the letters may be carried from the
subsidary or street letter boxes to the sorting office without being either seen
or touched by the collector.
The Figures of the annexed Drawing represent, Fig. 1 a front elevation of
the letter box and bag; Fig. 2, a side elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 a
section seen in elevation and from the side. In these Figures similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts. A, box made of cast iron; B, opening
for receiving letters; C, bottom of box or door; D, interior of the box made
of tin; E, mouth of the bag; F, leathern bag; G, cover of the same; H, key
fixed to the box, which opens simultaneously the bottom of the former and the
mouth of the letter bag; K, lever, which shuts both the box and the bag at
the same time; L, L, handles of the letter bag, by means of which it is
pushed under the box.

page_text: The bottom C of the letter box A is hinged, and the cover G of the bag F
is made in form of a drawer, and slides in grooves made for the purpose. By
means of a key H inserted in this drawer, and which likewise works the lock
in the hinged bottom C of the letter box A, this lid G and the bottom C of
the box A are opened simultaneously, so that the letters fall directly into the
bag F. The bottom C of the box A and the lid G are replaced in their
original position by means of a lever L. An indication of the hours of col-
lection may be acted upon by the lever or key.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING NAILS OR BRADS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1863.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING NAILS OR BRADS," to be as follows,
(that is to say):-
This Invention consists of improvements upon a former Invention of mine
for "Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Nails from either Hot or
Cold Bars of Iron or other Metal," for which Invention Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the 13th day of May, A.D. 1862, have already
been granted to me. The object of the present Invention is, that for the
purpose of partly or completely forming that class of nails termed brads,
I employ a cutter or cutters of peculiar form which will either cut, or cut,
stamp, or press two brads at one time from slit bars or other forms of metal.
The form of this cutter is varied as may be required, but its general features
consist in forming a rebate upon the cutting edge, by which means both nails
are cut by the under side of the cutter, one nail being stamped also by the
under side of the cutter whilst the second is stamped by the under side of the
rebate. I can use with these cutters all or only a portion of the mechanism
described in the Specification of my former Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING AND PREPARING COTTON FOR SPINNING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1868.
1, HENRY FLETCHER, of Manchester, Engraver and Mechanician, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING AND
PREPARING COTTON FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
I make a cotton gin suitable for poor emigrants, ryots, and small cultivators
by using a light iron stand cast in one piece (adapted to sewing machines in
Specification 1784 of Letters Patent granted to me, dated Aug 2nd, 1859).
I use metal rollers and larger geering on both sides of the frame. An idle
wheel on one side changes the direction, and gives increased speed if used as a
driver. An extra roller above and below the working rollers strengthen
them. The same or a differential velocity is given to the rollers by the relative
proportions of the geering. Pressure is got by india-rubber weights, springs,
or other means commonly used to obtain elastic force. Diaphragms above
and below the rollers prevent overlapping, and separate the fibre and seeds
from the rollers. The fluted geering of the Indian churka made of metal may
be used instead of both sides geering. I use metal instead of leather for the
rollers in the gins commonly called M°Arty gins (by which is meant gins in
which the fibro is drawn between a roller and a blade, instead of between two
rollers, as in the Indian churka); the light iron frame before referred to will
do for these gins. Sand and rubbish are removed by shaking and blowing
over a grid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPS OR HOLDERS FOR INSERTING AND FIXING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES IN ALBUMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Murray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1868.
I, JOHN MURRAY, of Whitehall Place, in the County of Middlesex, Solicitor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLIPS OR HOLDERS FOR INSERTING AND FIXING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES IN ALBUMS,'
to be as follows:-
The clip holder or instrument according to my Invention consists of two
thin plates of metal or other material superposed and fixed one upon the other
with a sufficient interval between to receive and hold loosely the photographic
picture. These plates I form of considerable breadth, say of about half the whole
breadth of the picture, and form them somewhat of a pointed spade-like form,
the principal and lower one being longer than the other; I also thin them at
the point so as to effect easy access in the slits of the album. The lower and
main plate is extended to a convenient length to form a handle, and of a suitable
shape. Instead of superposed plates this clip or holder may be made of one
piece, and of ivory, or other suitable material; in either case suitably ornamented
and finished. The great breadth of the clip gives considerable command over
the photographic picture in inserting and placing or fixing it in position, while
at same time the slight hold taken of it between the spade-like plates enables
it to be freely withdrawn after adjusting the picture.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM ENGINES, AND IN VALVES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Morley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1863.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM MORLEY, of Bedford, in the County of Bedford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM ENGINES, AND IN VALVES TO BE USED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
steam engine boilers, and in valves to be used in connection therewith. I
propose to make the shell of the boiler of any of the ordinary forms, according
as it may be intended for locomotive, marine, or stationary engines, and to
apply in lieu of the fire bars at present in use a series of copper tubes through
which the water circulates from the boiler by means of their insertion into
the lower part thereof; these tubes, therefore, will serve the purpose of fire
bars, and at the same time communicate heat to the water which will circulate
through them, and ascend to the upper level, while the water of lower degree
of temperature will descend to supply the circulation. I propose to insert a
number of fire or hot vapour tubes into the lower half of the boiler, and to
insert another series of tubes into the upper half thereof, which tubes are to
communicate with the water in the boiler, and to extend in front so as
to reach over the fire, which will give a greater heating surface; and thus afford
heat to the water in the boiler.
The valve whereby the supply of steam is regulated to the engine consists

page_text: of a disc cat with two triangular slots, the disc working reciprocally against
the face of a stationary corresponding inlet and exhaust to the cylinder.
Motion is given to the disc by means of an excentric on the shaft of
the engine, and the disc being set on a steel pin, is always ready to be
tightened to its work so as to prevent leakage by friction consequent from its 5
working.
AN IMPROVED LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Alfred Goupil at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
January 1863.
I, EDMOND ALFRED GOUPIL, of No. 10, Rue d'Hauteville, in the City of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is the application of the sphere for moving
furniture to vehicles used to transport cumbrous material, and to locomotion
generally. One of the applications of my method is as follows:-I enclose a
spherical ball of any dimension or material in a cavity, box, or socket, the
form of which will vary (for ornament or solidity) from a spherical to a sphe-
roidal or even a cylindrical shape. Subject however to the invariable rule
that the height of the socket shall be greater than the extent of the radius of
the complete sphere, and that the orifice of the said socket be smaller than the.
diameter of the sphere, but sufficient to permit a segment of the inserted
sphere (say about one-third) to project beyond the socket. It will be under-
stood that the socket must bear vertically upon the summit of the sphere, so
that the transmission of movement be rectilineal; the sphere being naturally
moveable in every direction one articulation or joint suffices, whereas with the
cylinder usually employed two articulations are necessary, one vertical and one
horizontal. The socket may be fitted to furniture in the same way as the castor
it is intended to replace, and to other objects as may be found most convenient.

page_text: Or the ball and socket may be let into the leg of a table, or bottom of any
other piece of furniture, so as to be invisible while the furniture is in a vertical
position, in which case the socket may be made with a collar through which it
will be secured to the furniture; or the ball may be let into the furniture,
and secured by a screw plate with orifice, or the socket may have a hollow
above the first so that the socket will more or less resemble a hollow cylinder
divided by a partition, receiving on one side the foot, and the other serving as
arch to the sphere. In conclusion, it will be evident that the form of the
socket, the collar, and other accessaries may vary, the main characteristic of
my Invention being the use of the sphere for purposes of locomotion, whether
for furniture in lieu of the cylinder bitherto used, or for other objects.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF PURIFYING HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Humfrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1863.
I, CHARLES HUMFREY, the younger, of Saint David's Works, Saltney, in the
County of Flint, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF PURIFYING HYDROCARBONS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in exposing hydrocarbons to the action of water (or
water holding certain chemical substances in solution) at a high beat and
pressure, the effect of which is, that the chemical action of the water or
solutions is immensely increased, the impurities are to a great extent dissolved
or destroyed, and the hydrocarbon is purified. The apparatus I prefer to
employ for this purpose is that described by Richard Albert Tilghman, in his
Patent dated Jan' 9th 1854, No. 47, for "Improvements in Treating Fatty
and Oily Matters, chiefly applicable to the Manufacture of Soap, Candles, and
.Glycerine." The chemical substances I use in solution are caustic soda and
potash, or carbonate of soda and potash, or lime, or other alkaline matters, in
the proportion of about one-fourth part by weight of the solution, of specific
gravity 1-250 to 1.300, (water being 1.000). I also in some cases use
sulphuric and other acids in water, of specific gravity about 1-600, the latter
being seldom required unless the hydrocarbon be very impure.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MAKING FRINGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Northrop at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1863.
I, JONATHAN NORTHROP, of Thornton, near Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR MAKING FRINGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its objects, firstly, the economizing of time in the
production of fringes for shawls and other fabrics requiring fringes, and,
secondly, the economizing of silk or other material or mixture of materials
used in the manufacture of such fringes. For this purpose I use a small tin
box (having a lid at one end to which a needle is affixed) capable of holding
a bobbin filled with silk yarn or thread or other desired yarn or thread. The
bobbin of silk or other required yarn or thread being placed within the said
box, and guided by a spindle also within the said box, and by preference
affixed to the lower end thereof, one end of the said yarn or thread is passed
through a hole pierced in the side or periphery of the box and afterwards
through the eye of the needle afore named. The apparatus is now ready for
work, and the bobbin being filled with as mueh yarn or thread as may be
required to make the fringe of one shawl or of one article requiring such
fringe, the workman is enabled to make continuously the fringe of such shawl
or article (the thread or yarn on the bobbin being of course continuous), and
this more speedily and with less material, in consequence of there being no
waste, than by the ordinary plan, viz., a simple needle with cut lengths of silk
yarn or other thread.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLOSING AND FASTENING GATES, DOORS, AND THINGS OF THAT DESCRIPTION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludovic D'Estienne de Saint Jean
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st November 1863.
I, LUDOVIC D'ESTIENNE DE SAINT JEAN, of Aix, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLOSING AND FASTENING GATES, DOORS, AND THINGS OF
THAT DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
My improved closing and fastening apparatus applicable to gates, doors,
windows, boxes, and other objects, is illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing forming part of this my Provisional Specification, and consists of
a lever or cross bar (1) placed on one leaf of a gate or door, and turning
or pivoting round its axle to come against the stop piece (2) placed on the
other leaf of the gate or door, or in the wall. The cross bar or lever (1)
is made to turn or pivot from the outside by means of a key, and from the
inside by means of a button or knob (3). To complete my Invention I have
added a play of bolts set in motion by the pressure of the branches of the cross
bar on the two projections 4 and 5, the left branch bearing on one (4) places
the bolts, and a half turn of the other branch brings it under the other
projection (5) lifts it and draws back the bolts. One bolt only may be used
to close the two leaves of a double or folding door or gate, as indicated on the
top of the Drawing (6), or one bolt to one leaf, as at 7; or bolts may also be
fitted on the right leaf, making 4 bolts, giving great strength, and all set in
motion by means of a small key. The bolt shooting apparatus is moveable
and may be applied and withdrawn at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING SCREW RIVETS, NAILS, OR PINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Toy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May 1863.
I, SAMUEL TOY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING SCREW RIVETS, NAILS, OR PINS," to be as follows
(that is to say):
This Invention refers to the machines employed in making the class of
rivets, nails, or pins used in joining the parts of boots, shoes, or other leather
articles, and for many other purposes, and it consists in such improvements of
the machines that I am enabled to produce two or more of the rivets, nails, or
pins at one revolution of the machine. I construct the frame and nearly all
the working parts of the machine precisely as they are now built, but I employ
two or more sets of cutters actuated simultaneously by the same levers, using
a corresponding number of set pins. I also employ a corresponding number of
dies for pressing the nails, and all worked from one lever. The cutters and
dies are all fixed upon one plate of a suitable form to receive them. I also
employ two or more punches to head the rivets, nails, or pins; these punches
aro fixed on a slide formed to suit the different centres of the several dies and
cutters; the heading, when heads are required, and cutting off being performed
at one revolution of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Lundy and Robert
Irvine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd October 1863.
We, JOHN JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Colour and Chemical Manufacturer, F.G.S., and ROBERT IRVINE, of
Magdalen Chemical Works, Musselburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use in the manufacture of
paper of certain natural products or chemical compounds for the purpose of
imparting to the manufactured products a hard, smooth, and firm surface.
One modification or system of carrying out this Invention consists in the
application and use of the silicates of magnesia in the manufacture of paper
commercially known under the names of talc and steatites or soapstones.
These materials after being finely powdered or levigated with water are used
in the manufacture of paper in suitable proportions for producing the required
smoothness of surface. A similar result may also be obtained by the applica-
tion and use of the silicates of lime, or by the combination of two or more
substances which will produce these silicates, and serve to retain them in the
paper when mixed with the pulp during the process of manufacture.
Under another modification the silicate of lime, or the silicate of magnesia.
or the two combined, may be used in a state of combination, being previously

page_text: mixed with farina, starch, or with the size used in paper-making. Or, in lieu
of this combination, the silicates may be mixed prior to being used with finely
powdered alabaster or gypsum, and known commercially as "mineral white,"
"pearl white," "terra alba," or with "pearl hardening," to produce the desired
result. By these means a very superior finish is imparted to the manufactured
product. This Invention, however, is not confined to the sole use of the
silicates of magnesia and silicates of lime before named, but the use of
analogous silicates, such as asbestos, greenstone, hornblende, mica, serpentine,
or other similar substances, whether used after powdering or levigation, mixed
or unmixed with farina, starch, size, gypsum, alabaster, mineral white, pearl
white, terra alba, or pearl hardening, or before or after being purified or
bleached, where necessary to be decolorised by any of the processes now in use
for purifying or bleaching of barytes or other similar substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING PURIFIED OR REFINED OILS, AND IN OBTAINING OIL CAKES FROM COTTON SEED AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN REFINING OR PURIFYING COD LIVER OIL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anthony Pols and Peter
Owen Bernard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th December 1863.
We, JOHN ANTHONY POLS, of St. Martin's Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, and PETER OWEN BERNARD, of the City of London, Wine Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING PURIFIED OR REFINED OILS, AND IN OBTAINING OIL CAKES FROM COTTON
SEED AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, ALSO IN REFINING OR PURIFYING COD
LIVER OIL," to be as follows:-
In the first place, my Invention consists in the use for the purposes thereof
of a solution of salts of tartar, chloride of lime, and white vinegar, the oil
after being subjected to this solution being filtered through salt.
For cotton seed oil, the seed is first crushed by iron cylinders, and after-
wards pressed by iron presses, whereby a rough oil of a dark color is obtained,
to refine which I take the rough cotton seed oil above mentioned, and mix
the same with the solution, and by this process I produce a good oil, especially
good for burning in lamps and preserving fish.
For cod liver oil I use the above-named solution of salts of tartar, chloride
of lime, and white vinegar, making this oil perfectly free from taste and
smell.
For castor oil I crush the seed by the same process as the cotton seed, and
next add thereto a small quantity of oil of bitter almonds, passing the same
through the filter, and producing the oil sweet and free from bad odour.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF 'SAFETY CABS' OR OTHER LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1868.
I, ROBERT WALTER, of Crumpsall, in the County of Lancaster, Foreman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF 'SAFETY CABS' OR OTHER LIKE
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate more particularly to that class of vehicles termed
"safety cabs," and consist in a novel arrangement and construction thereof
whereby they are rendered more commodious and comfortable, and also
giving greater ease and facility to the passenger during ingress or egress, the
weight of the cab being equalized or distributed by the use of an extra wheel,
thereby preventing the uncomfortable oscillation or swinging. The novel and
peculiar arrangement and construction may be thus described:-A strong
vertical bar or rod is centrally situated between the shafts and immediately
behind the "splash board," and extends from the floor to the roof of the
vehicle, giving greater strength and durability to the front thereof; to this
vertical support or strengthening tie rod the doors of the vehicle are hung or
suspended, which open outwards, and which form when closed to the body of
the vehicle a square, curved, or angular front. A further improvement consists

page_text: in attaching by means of springs to the back of the cab and underneath the
driver's seat an intermediate or central wheel, effecting thereby greater
steadiness, also equalizing the strain when any undue or surplus pressure is
exerted behind the axle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TILLS OR RECEPTACLES FOR MONEY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Courtney at the
.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1863.
I, GEORGE HENRY COURTNEY, of Broadway, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TILLS OR RECEPTACLES FOR MONEY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of tills
or other receptacles for containing money, the object being to check each piece
money received and to retain the few last coins taken in separate cells.
of
The apparatus consists of a cylinder of metal, wood, or other suitable
material, closed at the bottom or left open to fit an aperture in a counter or
desk, the top being closed with three or more divisions or quarters of glass, and
one of metal or wood having an aperture for the insertion of the coin. The
sections of glass and metal or wood are held in grooves of metal or wood in
frames fixed across the top of the cylindrical vessel. The centre of the top or
cross bars is perforated to receive the stem of a knob or handle. The stem
passes downwards into the cylinder and supports a disc or plate having four or
more divisions and a rim or circular side fixed thereon, the disc or plate has
four or more hinged flaps or openings which are enabled to fall down alternately
by passing over a fixed plate underneath them, which plate has an aperture
sufficiently large to admit of the entrance of the flaps. The operation of the
apparatus is as follows:-When a coin is taken from a customer it is dropped
through the aperture or slit at the top of the cylinder and falls into one of the
cells, the handle is then turned so as to bring the next cell underneath the

page_text: aperture. On the fourth or last coin being inserted and the handle turned the
first coin will have come over the aperture in the fixed plate and the flap will
fall therein and allow the first coin to drop into the lower part of the till or
apparatus whence it may be removed by opening a slide. Or the cylinder may
be open at the bottom with a drawer or till underneath into which the coin
could fall direct through the flaps and be withdrawn at pleasure. The glass
top may be in one piece if desired, and the cross bars to support the knob may
be above the glass. Springs may be applied to the upper part of the till to
actuate its rotation and.a pall entering ratchet teeth will serve to regulate its
movement one division at a time. The knob or handle may be dispensed with
and a series of divisions may be placed across the top of the till, so that by the
application of the finger the till may be turned round. A flange may be
formed around the top for fastening the apparatus to the counter by means of
screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP INK
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Goold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1863.
I, JOSEPH GOOLD, of Corsham, in the County of Wilts, Tanner, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP INK," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of ink.
For this purpose I take a gallate or tannate of an alkali and submit the same
to the action of metallic iron; in this manner I obtain an intensely black
solution which may at once be used for writing, or it may be evaporated
to dryness and the salt obtained re-dissolved when required for use. I also
take an infusion of logwood in solution of common soda, and use it in the
same manner as the gallate of alkali, and I sometimes use the salts of iron
instead of the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1868.
I, WILLIAM CLARKE, of Forest Road, Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the producing simultaneously twisted and
other purls on both sides at the same time of tapes or bands of tabby weavings
in pattern in twist lace machinery.
I am aware that tabby weavings and twisted and other purls have been
made in twist lace machinery, but whether in straight tapes or bands, or when.
the same have been traversed and worked into pattern, the twisted or other
purls have been produced only on one side of such tapes or bands of tabby
weavings at the same time.
In carrying out my Invention I use two bobbin threads and two warp
threads to produce at the same time the twisted and other purls on both sides
of each tape or band of tabby weaving, together with a suitable number of
warp threads to produce each of the tapes or bands of tabby weavings them-
selves. The warp purl threads are supplied from extra beams or spools, and
in some cases the tape or band threads for producing the tabby weavings are
also from extra beams according to various patterns. The two purl threads
used to form twisted purl to both sides of each tape or band of tabby weaving
at the same time may be also used as weft threads, one or both, after com-

page_text: pleting each purl or purls as the patterns progress, or they may be linked in
with and fastened to the sides of each tape or band of tabby weaving if the
bobbins are used as weft threads.
By these improvements great economy of time will result, and very rich
spotted and other purls will be produced, together with ornamental lace very 5
much resembling cushion or hand-made lace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS OF UMBRELLAS & PARASOLS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gilpin and Josiah Hiatt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 27th January 1863.
We, WILLIAM GILPIN, of Newland St., London, and JOSIAH HIATT, of
Rotherfield Street, Islington, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS OF UMBRELLAS &
PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
By means of a stud fixed in the stick of the said umbrellas or parasols, and
also of a groove or slot cut in a runner revolving on the stick (and to which
runner a notch carrying the ribs of the said umbrellas or parasols is attached),
a fastening is effected, which holds the said umbrella or parasol in position,
whether the same be expanded or closed.