IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING STONE, GLASS, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING
STONE, GLASS, AND OTHER MATERIALS." -A communication.
Sealed the 5th January 1858, and dated the 22nd July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1857.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane.
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND
POLISHING STONE, GLASS, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the imparting of a compound rotary motion to
the polisher (that is, an ordinary rotary movement of the polisher around its
axis and a rotary movement of the axis around a centre at a suitable distance
from that axis), and using in connexion with the polisher thus operated a
reciprocating bed or carriage, and an adjustable guide and gauge frame.
. In a central frame which is capable of receiving a vertical movement
through racks and pinions a vertical driving shaft is mounted. Connectel
loosely to this shaft, through what is termed by mechanics a "sun and planct
motion," are cross bars, which are attached to the polisher and extend beyond
it to a rectangular gauge frame in which the polisher. or grinding surface

page_text: works. These cross bars communicate to the polisher the compound rotary
motion produced by the sun and planet mechanism. The rectangular gauge
frame slides up and down in guides in the main framing, and is adjusted by
racks and pinions to the required elevation. The grinding face of the polisher
is pierced with holes to permit of grit being washed through to the surface
under operation. The material to be polished is supported on a carriage
which traverses slowly over rails laid down on the bed of the machine, and
thus presents a continuously changing surface to the rotating polisher. As the
ends of the cross bars move over a raised ring on the gauge frame they serve
not merely to drive but to steady the movements of the polisher.
The polisher feeds itself to its work by its own gravity, for the pins which
form the loose connection between the sun and planet motion and the cross
bars allow for a certain degree of vertical play. If the polisher grinds down
the distance of the length of these pins before completing the work the
polisher and gauge frame must be lowered. The gauge frame serves to keep
the polisher in a perfectly horizontal position, and for this purpose it is capable
of very nice adjustment. This frame has also a certain degree of vertical
independent play given to it by means of a weighted lever.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting."
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant, unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING STONE, GLASS, AND OTHER MATERIALS," being a

page_text: communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
Jetters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
-
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
relates to the use of certain means for imparting a compound rotary motion to
the polisher of machines for grinding and polishing glass and other hard
substances (that is to say, an ordinary rotary movement of the polisher around
its axis and a rotary movement of the axis around a centre at a suitablo
distance from that axis), and using in connection with the polisher thus
operated a reciprocating bed or carriage, and an adjustable guide and gauge
frame.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the improved
machinery taken in the line x, x, of Fig. 2, which is also a vertical section
taken in the line y, y, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same
taken in the line,, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a detached side view of the device
by which the guide and gauge frame is counterpoised. Similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
A represents a rectangular frame in which a vertical frame B is placed.
This frame is fitted between proper guides a, a, and is allowed to move freely
up and down between them. To each stile 6 of the frame B a rack c is
attached, and a pinion & gears into each rack c, the said pinions being on a
horizontal shaft C, placed in proper bearings in the frame A, and having a
hand wheel D at one end. A ratchet is also placed on the shaft C, into
which a retaining pawle f catches (see Fig. 2). The frame B, it will be seen,
may be raised and lowered by rotating the shaft C, and it may be secured at
any desired point by the pawle f and ratchet e. In the sliding frame B, a
vertical shaft E is mounted. The lower end of this shaft projects below the
lower cross rail of the frame or gate, and to it a horizontal arm g is attached.
The lower end of the shaft E passes through a stationary pinion h, which is
secured permanently to the under side of the lower cross rail of the sliding

page_text: frame B. The arm 7 is slotted longitudinally, and an adjustable block h' is
fitted therein by keys i. A small vertical shaft ; passes through the block h',
and carries a pinion & on its upper end. This pinion gears into a pinion
placed on an axle m, which serves to connect two link plates n, n, one of which
is placed on the lower end of the shaft E and the other on the shaft j. The
pinion gears into the stationary pinion h as well as into the pinion k. To the
lower end of the small shaft; a cross plate p is attached, and through each end
of this plate a vertical pin 9 is passed, the said pins being allowed to work
freely up and down in the plate p. The pins 9 are secured at their lower ends
to a bar r, which is attached to the upper surface of a vertical ledge or flange t
formed on a circular metallic plate F which serves as the polisher, as will be
herein-after shewn. A bars crosses the bar r at right angles, both bars 7, 8,
being attached to the ledge t. The bars r, s, extend some distance beyond
the ledge t, and project over and rest upon an annular plate u, which is secured
to a horizontal frame G. The frame G has a rack bar u¹ passing through
each of its corners and fitting into recesses in the uprights of the framo A.
The lower ends of the rack bars have each a nut v on them, and the frame G
rests on these nuts. H, I, are two shafts mounted on the frame A, and
provided each with two pinions w, w. These pinions w, w, gear into the rack
bars u, and also into the teeth of a horizontal rack bar I at one side of the
frame (see Fig. 1), consequently it will be seen that by turning one of the
shafts II, the four rack bars will be raised and lowered simultaneously.
On the bed J of the frame A two parallel ways a', a', are placed, and a carriage
K is placed on these ways. A rack is attached longitudinally to the
under side of the centre rail of the carriage, and a pinion c¹ gears therein.
The pinion c¹ is attached to a shaft L, which has two bevil pinions d', d', at
its outer end. M is a vertical shaft, fitted at its lower end with a bevil pinion
e', and at its upper end with a pulley A. Around this pulley passes a belt g¹
from a pulley " on the shaft E in the frame B. The upper end of the shaft
M is fitted in the end of a plate attached to the frame A, and the lower part
of the shaft M passes through a sliding plate N, to the inner end of which a
pinis attached. This pin fits in parallel slots k', k', made in a plate
attached to one side of the carriago K. The ends of the slots k¹, k', are
connected by curved terminations, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 8. To the
end of one of the shafts H a lever O is attached; this lever has a counter-
poise mat one end, and also a hand wheel n'. The opposite end of the lever
O works between pins o', o', attached to one of the uprights of the frame. A
pawle p is attached to the lever O for the purpose of catching into the teeth
of a ratchet q' on the shaft H, and adjoining the lever 0 (see Fig. 4).

page_text: The operation is as follows:--The stone or other article or material to be
polished (shown in red) is placed upon the carriage K, and the frame G is
adjusted to a suitable height above the surface of the stone by turning the
band wheel n. The frame B is also lowered by turning the hand wheel D
so that the face or lower surface of the polisher rests upon the stone. The
ends of the bars r, s, rest upon the annular plate u on the frame G. Motion
is given to the shaft E in any proper manner, and it will be seen that the
shaft of the polisher F will be rotated around a point which is, of course, at
the centre of the lower end of the shaft E, and the polisher will also, in
consequence of the gearing h, 1, k, receive an axial motion in a direction the
reverse of the rotary motion given to the polisher by the shaft E. In Fig. 3
the black arrow indicates the direction of the movement of the polisher given
by the arin g, and the red arrow indicates the direction of the movement
given by the gearing h, 1, . The polisher therefore receives a compound or
double movement, but its rotary movement on or around its own axis is quite
slow compared with the movement imparted to it direct from the shaft E.
The bars r, s, working on the plate u steady the polisher or serve to guide it,
and the polisher feeds itself to its work by its own gravity, for the pins q, q;
are allowed a certain degree of vertical play in the plate p, and if the polisher
grinds down the distance of the length of these pins before completing the
work, the polisher F and gauge frame G must be lowered by turning the
hand wheels n', D. The guage frame G serves to keep the polisher F in a
perfectly horizontal position, and this frame may be adjusted by turning the
nuts v, so that the parallelism of the stone and polisher may always be
preserved.
It will be seen that the gauge frame G has also a certain degree of vertical
independent play given it by means of the lever O fitted between the pins o', o',
(Fig. 4), and this play or movement may be varied by adjusting one of the
pins o. The independent play or movement of the polisher, as before stated,
allows the polisher to feed itself to its work by its own gravity, and the inde-
pendent play or movement of the frame G allows that frame to conform to
the vertical movement of the polisher, and by being arranged as shewn may
serve to control the extent of the grinding or cutting away of the stone or
other article being polished. As the polisher F is operated a reciprocating
motion is given to the carriage K by means of the shafts M, L, gearing
e³, d', d', pinion e', and rack 6; the slide N being operated by the slots k³, k³,
in the plate attached to the carriage K, and the said slide causing the
pinion e¹ to gear alternately into the pinions d', d', and thereby give a recipro-
cating motion to the carriage. This compound movement of the polisher in

page_text: connection with the reciprocating movement of the carriage or stone causes
a fresh surface of the polisher to be constantly presented to the stone, and the
surface of the stone is thereby prevented from being grooved or cut in con-
sequence of the rubbing surfaces working in the same paths, and a regular
movement or path is given the sand or other material used as a cutting or
polishing medium. The surface of the polisher is also made to wear perfectly
even, or each point of its surface is subjected to the same wear, and consequently
an even face is always presented. Sand, emery, or other grinding substance
is placed within the ledge t on the upper surface of the polisher F, and
the polisher being perforated with holes 7, the sand or other cutting substance
is washed through to the stone and between the stone and the polisher.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of improved machinery
for grinding and polishing stone, glass, and other materials, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I wish it to be understood, that under the above in part
recited Letters l'atent, I claim,-
First, imparting the compound movement to the polisher, in the manner
above described.
Secondly, the combination of the polisher (thus operate) with the adjustable
guide and guage frame and the cross bars attached to the ledge of the polisher,
for the purpose set forth.
Thirdly, the general arrangement of the polisher with the gauge frame and
reciprocating carriage, when the whole is arranged to operate conjointly, as
shewn, for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)