IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Auguste Joyeux, of Marseilles (Empire of
France), for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. MOTIVE
POWER."
Scaled the 29th January 1857, and dated the 16th August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
left by the said Louis Auguste Joyeux
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1856.
I, LOUIS AUGUSTE JOYEUX, of Marseilles (Empire of France), do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
OBTAINING
My Invention relates to the use of water, steam, and air in combination- to'
obtain motive power, and to certain arrangements that economise the heat
still existing in the motive gases or vapours after they have acted once upon
the piston of the motive power engine.
I employ, first, a furnace which serves to heat both a steam generator and 'a
hot-air generator; 2ndly, an ordinary steam engine, providing motive power and
actuating a blast apparatus; 3rdly, a metallic condenser..
The first-mentioned apparatus consists of a common boiler or steam gene-
rator, and a series of tubes or pipes independent of each other, the inlet and
outlet of each being in connexion with two distributing valves, each having
separate communication with each of the pipes.
The next apparatus is an ordinary steam engine, provided with a pump or
Price 8d.]

page_text: forcing apparatus for injecting air into and through the distributing box and
valves of the hot-air pipes.
The third apparatus is a condenser, which condenses by metallic contact. The
air that feeds the air-generating tubes passes through the tubes of the con-
denser, outside of which tubes the steam and air or gaseous mixture circulates
which has been acting upon the piston. The condensed water of the said
gaseous mixture is again injected into the boiler, and the cooled air of the same
escapes to the atmosphere. The chimney from the furnace also passes through
the centre of the condenser and assists in heating the air passing through it.
The engine starts under the action of steam, and injects air, which passes-
through the pipes of the condenser, and is there partially heated; thence it is
conducted through the distributing valve into the hot-air pipes in the furnace,
where it is suitably heated, when it passes through the exit distributing-valve
apparatus to act upon the piston conjointly with steam from the steam generator.
Lastly, the gaseous mixture passes into the condenser, where it is condensed
or partially so, and at the same time heats the air.
SPECIFICATION
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Auguste Joyeux in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
AUGUSTE JOYEUX, of Marseilles, (Empire of France), send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Louis Auguste Joyeux, Her special licence that I, the said Louis
Auguste Joyeux, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Louis Auguste Joyeux, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Louis Auguste Joyeux, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-

page_text: tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Auguste Joyeux, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon (that is
to say):-
My Invention relates to the combined use of steam and of air in order to
obtain a motive power.
The Invention comprises three apparata:-1st, the generator; 2nd, the
engine, and 3rd, the regenerator.
With reference to the generator, it is composed first, of a furnace; secondly,
of an ordinary boiler furnishing the steam; and, thirdly, of a series of tubes
independent of each other which heat the air used in producing the motive
power.
With reference to the engine, it consists of an ordinary engine receiving
the motive gases producing the power to be used, and actuating a blowing
apparatus which injects air into the tubes placed in the furnace.
With reference to the regenerator, it is composed of metallic pipes, through
the interior of which the air passes as it enters the blowing apparatus for the
purpose of feeding the hot-air generator; on the exterior of these pipes the
gaseous mixture circulates which has acted upon the piston.
The condensed water of the mixture which escapes is returned into the
boiler, and the recooled air of this same mixture spreads itself outside the
chimney of the furnace, and passes also through the centre of the regenerator,
in order to heat still more the air entering by the suction of the blowing
apparatus.
At the commencement the engine is put in motion by the action of steam
alone, it then injects air, which in entering passes through the interior of the
pipes of the regenerator and is heated a first time, thence the air passes into
the tubes which communicate with the ingress cock or valve of the distributor.
It is heated a second time by circulating above the furnace and in the flues of
the furnace. When it is sufficiently heated, a second apparatus of distribution
opens an issue for it; it then passes to the piston, upon which it acts simulta-
neously with the steam of the steam generator. Lastly, this mixture passes
from thence to the regenerator, where, as a last function, it acts as a heating
medium.

page_text: The proportion of the motive mixture of air and steam should be about one
of steam to five of air. The steam is introduced at the pressure of, say, six
atmospheres under the piston during a sixth part of its stroke; it is then cut
off by means of a suitable expansion valve.
The cut off or expansion may be varied in order to vary the proportion of
air and steam. After the steam has produced its effect at full pressure, its
expansive force continues to take effect. A worm pipe or chamber containing
the hot air is at the same time put in communication by means of the slide
valve, and the air it contains, which is heated to about five hundred degrees,
will continue the force of the steam. Five worms, similar to the first one,
will be heated, fed, and the air passed, by suitable slide valves arranged for
this purpose, to provide successively for the working of the engine. The hot
air of the worm or coil, mixed with steam which has just been put in cominu-
nication with the engine, after having produced its working effect, goes to the
regenerator, where it heats the cold air; the steam which is mixed with it con-
denses, and is again reintroduced into the steam generator at a temperature
of about eighty degrees; a part of the latent heat which the steam con-
tained will consequently be absorbed by the cold air entering; a slight
increase of caloric will suffice to give to it the required expansive force,
whilst the other worms or air-heating coils or chambers will provide the
cylinder in their turn.
An engine constructed according to my Invention is represented in the
Drawing annexed, where Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a longitudinal ver-
tical section through the line 1, 1, Fig. 3; Fig. 3, a plan; Fig. 4, a trans-
verse section through to the line 2, 2, of Figs. 1, 2, 3, and Fig. 5
an end
view of the same. A, furnace, built of fire bricks, forming three flues or
passages for the flames or products of combustion which envelope the boiler B
and the worms C; B, cylindrical boiler, with two lower tubes or boilers; C, air
worms or tubes placed around the boiler. These worms are six in number, com-
pletely separate from each other, but all united at one end to distributor D,
and at the other end to the distributor D". Each of these worms has a capacity
equal to two-thirds the area of the working cylinder; they are successively fed
by the blowing cylinder T. D, D', D", are three distributors, furnished with
circular slide valves to..regulate the admission and egress of the air.
The distributor D receives the air coming from the blowing cylinder; after
this air has passed through the regenerator the opening of the valve of this
distributor puts this air in communication with the worms, which transmit the
air they contain when heated to the working cylinder; when each worm is
filled the slide valve shuts. the communication and opens a communication with

page_text: another worm, and so feeds them all in succession with air already partially
heated by its passage through the regenerator.
The distributor D' receives the hot air contained in the worms, and puts it
in communication with the working cylinder of the engine.
The distributor D₁ receives the air which is still in each of the worms after
they have been in communication with the working cylinder of the engine
and puts it in communication with the regenerator. E, distributing box, in
which the circular slide valve moves. The regenerator is composed of a cylin-
drical chimney for the passage of the smoke of the furnace, and ascending
screw-like passages or flues up to the top. F, passage or flue to receive the
hot air of escape; G, flue to receive the cold air coming from the blowing
cylinder; H, chimney around which the two flues F, G, circulate; I, base of the
chimney and flues; J, pipe for the passage of the cold air; K, pipe for the
passage of the hot air from the flue to the distributor D; L, pump for forcing
the condensed steam (water) contained in the tank into the steam boiler;
M, cylindrical casing separating the two flues F and G; N, cylindrical external
casing; 0, tank serving to hold the water of condensation; P, pipe leading
the steam to the expansion slide valve; Q, escape of the mixture of steam and
air which goes directly into the regenerator; R, working cylinder, placed upon
the foundation plate of the engine; S¹, S', piston rods of the two cylinders;
T, blowing cylinder for feeding or forcing air into the worms.
Such are the principal parts which constitute my improved system of engine,
in which the action of steam and beated air are combined; the other parts are
the same as in ordinary engines, and therefore will not require any description.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same may be performed, I claim as my Invention, to be secured by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the arrangement of steam and air generators fed by an air pump, for
the purposes, and as herein-before described.
Secondly, the metallic regenerator, such as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Auguste Joyeux, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
L. A. JOYEUX. (L.S.)