Improvements in Printing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 29th June, 1895-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Machines.
I, THOMAS RUDDIMAN JOHNSTON, of Waverley, Newlands Park, Sydenham,
in the County of Kent, Printer and Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The present improvements relate to machines using a web of paper and a flat
type surface, such as described in the Specifications of Patents Nos. 11727 of 1891
and 13460 of 1893, and consist of means whereby this class of machine is rendered
capable of printing various sizes of sheets and also of using "overlays."
"
At present each of these machines as manufactured, is designed to print a
certain newspaper only, and as "overlays cannot be employed, work of a good
quality cannot be obtained. To the existing machine I make a few additions and
also some alterations, but the machine is generally as before.
The calenders, one set of which feeds the paper continuously into the machine,
and the other as continuously draws it out of the machine after printing, I replace
by, in the former case, a pair of calenders which feed paper continuously, but at a
speed in proportion to the size of sheet being printed, to an accumulator, and in
the latter by a pair working intermittently and also in proportion to the size of
sheet. The calenders feeding the paper to the accumulator are driven by friction
wheels, one of which is adjustable to the other, so that the speed of the calenders
can be varied, and the calenders taking the printed paper away are driven by
racks forming part of the bars carrying the loop-forming rollers, and which bars
are controlled by cam-driven levers acting on anti-friction wheels carried by their
lower portions, one of which at each side is adjustable. Two loop-forming rollers,
both above and below, are employed, as well as an extra roller in each case fixed
to the frame, so that the paper always moves four times the distance that the bar
does. The upper calender rollers which control the paper leaving the machine,
are geared together, and by stepped ratchet wheels and pawls only able to revolve
in one direction, and so compel the loop-forming rollers to draw fresh paper from
the accumulator. As it is difficult to so speed the lower calender rollers that the
paper drawn by them from the reel will exactly replace that being taken away
after printing, the accumulator is used, it consisting of several rollers fixed in the
frame and over which the web of paper passes, and which rollers have between
every two, a similar but very light loose roller, which lies on the web and keeps it
tightly stretched. To make the second printing exactly "back" that already
printed, it is necessary to have power to adjust the length of that portion of the
web travelling between the lower and upper type forms, and this I do by having
at the end of the machine, screw mechanism which gives considerable adjustment
to two rollers over which the web passes.
For the overlays I use two chains, one at each side, for each impression cylinder,
which gear with wheels fixed on the cylinder shafts and which have their ends
secured to girders. At the centres of these chains are firmly fixed sheets of thin
metal carrying the overlays, over which the usual face cloths are placed. The
chains carrying the overlays are above the web of paper and do not come in its
way, as they however gear with the cylinders and the latter gear with racks fixed
at each side of the letterpress forms; each part of the overlays must at every
impression be brought to one constant position on its form.

page_text: The following is a more detailed description of the improvements.
The web of paper passes first through, and is firmly gripped by, a pair of feeding
calender rollers geared together and driven by a large disc on the belt pulley shaft,
which, through friction, rotates an adjustable disc, on the shaft of which is a
bevelled wheel gearing with a larger bevel wheel on the shaft of one of the feeding
calender rollers. The adjustable disc of a suitable non-slipping substance, is
secured between two metal discs sliding in grooves in the screwed portion of the
shaft and can be moved thereon to any desired position and there secured by a
pair of nuts. By the adjustment of the position of the adjustable disc in relation
to the driving disc, the desired speed of the feeding calender rollers can be
obtained and therefore the length of paper fed into the machine. Instead of
calender rollers each in one piece, a series of wheels of the same pitch fixed to the
shafts opposite each other, may be employed. After leaving the feeding calenders,
the paper passes alternately under and over accumulator rollers, i.e., over fixed
rollers and under movable rollers. The movable rollers are very light and rest
upon the web, pulling, by their weight, into a loop, any surplus that the calendars
may pass through beyond what can be at once used in printing. They each run
in the groove of a light frame and may be of any number desired. One or more
of the movable rollers may be pulled partly up or they may be in a variety of
positions, but so long as all are not fully up or all fully down, and tho accumulator
thus inoperative, it is of no importance, the object being that the accumulator will
be able to take up any surplus or supply any deficiency for a short time. if the
feeding and delivery calenders have not been exactly speeded.
The web then passes over smoothing and friction bars, which can be set at any
distance apart and which may be slightly higher at the centre so as to smooth out
the web, and which prevent it racing into the machine, then under a fixed guide
roller and on to the first of the loop-forming rollers, then under a roller fixed to
the frame and over the second loop-forming roller, and, guided by a pair of rollers,
under the lower impression cylinder, then over a guide roller and round adjustable
rollers, then over a guide roller and under the upper impression cylinder, and then,
guided by a pair of guide rollers, it reaches the first upper loop-forming roller,
then over a roller fixed to the frame and under the second upper loop-forming
roller, from which passes to the upper calender or drawing-off rollers and from them
to the cutter and folder. The bars operating the loop-forming rollers are moved
by cams acting on levers, the free ends of which pass between anti-friction wheels
fixed to the bars. As explained in the Specifications of Patents before mentioned,
one revolution of the large driving wheel makes the impression cylinders both
travel outwards and inwards over the type forms, giving thus each two impressions.
The loop-forming cams, as there also explained, make two revolutions for each
revolution of the large driving wheel, or, in other words, make a revolution for
each impression printed by both cylinders. As the calenders now feed the paper
into an accumulator, whence it passes to the looper, it is necessary that at every
impression the total length desired be looped, and this is accomplished by having
two loop-forming rollers above and two below, each couple with its fixed roller, so
that if the bar rises a quarter of the length required, the lower loop-forming rollers
with their fixed roller will take from the accumulator the full length required, and
the upper loop-forming rollers will give off this length to the upper or delivery
calender rollers.
By raising the upper anti-friction wheels by means of screws, the length of
paper to be looped and fed into the machine can be controlled, for if, for instance,
the levers have to rise a certain distance before they act on the anti-friction
wheels, it is evident they can only lift the looping bars less than their full
possible stroke and that therefore a less length of paper will be fed in and
taken out.
The upper portions of the looping bars carry racks gearing with wheels on a
cross shaft.
This shaft, by a train of gearing and pawl and stepped ratchet
wheels, gives motion to the drawing-off calender rollers in one direction only, a

page_text: stop pawl and ratchet. wheel preventing back motion thereof. This train of
gearing is so proportioned that.when the racks. move upwards a certain distance,
tbe surface of the calender rollers. will move exactly four times this distance, so
that the paper given off by the upper loop-forming rollers will be at once conveyed
away by the drawing-off calendar rollers..
The drawing-off: calendar rollers may be replaced by wheels of the same
diameter fixed opposite. each other on. their shafts. These calender rollers thus
only revolve when the looping, bars rise and then only in the one direction; and as
soon as the racks commence their downward movement, the stop pawls will engage
with their ratchet wheels and the movement of the calenders, will cease!
The cams and looping bars are in duplicate so that the movement may be as
uniform as. possible.
The adjusting rollers are carried. in double brackets at each side of the machine,
these brackets having fixed to them. screws operated by suitable gearing.
By moving the adjusting rollers: outwards and: so lengthening the portion of the
web between the impression cylinders, any size of sheet can receive the second
impression exactly on the back of. the first.
The overlays are carried by chains fixed at each side of both impression
cylinders to girders crossing the machine. and fixed to the side frames. These
chains gear first with guiding wheels and then with large wheels fixed on each end
cf the impression cylinder shafts.. At: the.requisite positions on these chains, light
bars are carried across to the chains at the opposite side and there also fixed to
certain links of the chains. To these bars thin sheet steel, copper; brass, or other
material, is fixed, which latter is also at the sides fixed to projections on parts of
the chains. The overlay being secured to this sheet in its correct position, the
usual face. cloth is stretched in front of it and secured to hooks. fixed also to
the chains.
The face of the overlay must lie on the pitch line of the cylinder, so that there
will be no.slurring action, and the chains and their gear wheels have their centre
of movement on: this line so that the surface of the overlays will have exactly the
same speed; and the surface of the cylinders must, if required, be reduced to take
the overlay and its parts. The light cross bars are entirely above the surface of
the cylinders and are beneath their centres before they reach or after they have
passed the type forms, so that they cannot come in contact with the latter, nor
does any part of the overlay prevent a cylinder of any diameter being used. The
light cross bars are also entirely clear of the cylinders at each end and thus allow
the free looping of the paper, and as the chains of the overlays gear with the
guiding wheels, the overlays do not come in contact with anything excepting
when they are between the impression cylinders and the type forms.
If the sheets be separated in the machine and a fixed knife used, that portion
of the web between the last type form and the looping apparatus will require to
be adjusted in a similar manner to that done at the end of the machine, and the
knife could be made to fall by the.cains.
During the time the cylinders have completed their movement in one direction,
and returned to the form the loop-forming rollers will have fallen to their lowest
position and thus taken the length of paper being printed from their lower to their
upper set.
When the cylinders are printing on the clean surface thus brought to them the
cams make their other half revolution, and carry the loop-forming rollers to their
highest position, thus removing by means of the racks and drawing off calenders,
the paper already printed from their upper set and replacing a similar length of
paper on their lower set, without disturbing those portions of the web receiving
their impressions from the type forms. The return movements of the cylinders are
exactly similar.
If say a sheet of 20 inches long has to be printed, the web of paper would be
arranged as described, the overlays placed in position, and the accumulator half

page_text: filled, the friction disc for driving the lower or feeding calender rolls adjusted by a
scale marked on the larger disc and the adjustable anti-friction wheels on the loop-
forming roller bars also adjusted by means of a scale, so that the lift shall be
exactly five inches. The machine could then be started, and by adjusting the
rollers at the end of the machine, exactly "backed" and if it was found that paper
was gathering in or disappearing too rapidly from the accumulator, the friction
disc revolving the feeding calenders would be adjusted accordingly.
If desired the upper or drawing off calenders may be caused to revolve, on both
the upward and downward movement of the looping bars and thus not only dispense
with one loop forming roller of both the upper and lower set, but also with the
extra rollers fixed between each set to the frames.
The calenders again by revolving when the bars are moving in both directions,
remove the same length of paper, when revolving at one half their former speed.
The looping bars are in this case formed at their upper portions into two racks,
each gearing with a separate loose wheel mounted on the same cross shaft. Both
of these wheels carry pawls, each engaging with a separate stepped ratchet wheel
fixed to the said cross shaft.
When the racks rise, one pawl engages with its ratchet wheel and so revolves
the cross shaft, the other ratchet wheel revolving freely beneath its pawl which is
being driven in the opposite direction by its rack and wheel. When however the
racks descend, the reverse of these movements takes place, the pawl which was out
of action now coming into action and driving the said cross shaft in the same
direction.
The cross shaft is so geared with the lower drawing off calender shaft that every
movement either upward or downward of the looping bars causes the drawing off
calenders at their surface to travel just double the distance, thus removing double
the length of paper. The drawing off calenders are geared together by equal
wheels.
The first and last loop forming rollers are in this case dispensed with as are also
a pair of fixed guide rollers adjacent thereto, the paper coming from the fixed
roller next the smoothing bars and passing to the second looping roller and passing
from the third looping roller direct to the drawing off calenders.
To make the web of paper always come from the reel at the same uniform
speed as that of the lower or feeding calenders I use a third calender roller of
sufficient weight to lie closely against the reel. This third calender roller is
exactly of the same diameter as the other two and it is supported by two arms
which pivot on the shaft of one of the feeding calenders and is driven by chain
gearing from this shaft at the same speed as the feeding calenders.
To take the place of the impression cylinders, but otherwise having the machine
as described I use bars to travel steadily over the type forms and press the paper
in contact with them. These bars occupy much less space than cylinders which
is important in this class of machine.
That portion of the bar which gives the impression is connected to an upper
girder portion by end pieces. These end pieces have slides which travel in guides in
the side frames and a connecting bar unites the impression bars of the upper and
lower type forms.
The paper comes, as hereinbefore described, over guide rollers and the overlays
over pulleys. To decrease the friction a roller is inserted above the impression
part of the bar, and the overlays and web of paper come in contact with it before
and after they pass the impression part of the bar. As the bar slides on the back
of the overlays, the sheet of metal carrying them must be stronger than in the
former case, and the chains supporting it may be dispensed with and simply holes
cut in the edges of the sheet to receive the small teeth of wheels fixed to the said
anti-ftiction roller, there being no strain between the wheels and the metal sheet,
the latter being secured to the girders as above described. Where the sheet
terminates bands of similar metal make the connection with the girders, these bands

page_text: being also cut to receive the teeth of the said wheels and these latter have their
teeth projecting from only a very small distance below the pitch line, the metal
with the overlays and face cloth being all the distance required.
Dated this Second day of February 1895.
"
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
I, THOMAS RUDDIMAN JOHNSTON, of Waverley, Newlands Park, Sydenham,
in the County of Kent, Printer and Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present improvements relate chiefly to machines using a web of paper and a
flat type surface, such as described in Specifications of Patents No. 11727 of 1891
and No. 13460 of 1893, and consist of means whereby this class of machine is
rendered capable of printing various sizes of sheets and also of using "overlays,"
some of the improvements being however applicable to other printing machines.
At present each of these machines as manufactured, is designed to print a
certain newspaper only, and, as "overlays" cannot be employed, work of a good
quality cannot be obtained.
To the existing machine I make a few additions and also some alterations but
the machine is generally as before.
The calenders, one set of which feeds the paper continuously into the machine
and the other as continuously draws it out of the machine after printing, I replace
by, in the former case, a pair of calenders which feed paper continuously, but at a
speed in proportion to the size of sheet being printed, to an accumulator, and, in
the latter, by a pair working intermittently and also in proportion to the size of
sheet.
The calenders feeding the paper to the accumulator are driven by friction wheels,
one of which is adjustable to the other, so that the speed of the calenders can be
varied, and the calenders taking the printed paper away are driven by racks
forming part of the bars carrying the loop-forming rollers, and which bars are
controlled by cam-driven levers acting on anti-friction wheels carried by their
lower portions, one of which at each side is adjustable. Two loop-forming rollers
both above and below are employed, as well as an extra roller in each case fixed
to the frame, so that the paper always moves four times the distance that the
bar does.
The upper calender rollers, which control the paper leaving the machine, are
geared together and by stepped ratchet wheels and pawls only able to revolve in
one direction and so compel the loop-forming rollers to draw fresh paper from the
accumulator.
As it is difficult to so speed the lower calender rollers that the paper drawn by
them from the reel will exactly replace that being taken away after printing, the
accumulator is used, it consisting of several rollers fixed in the frame and over
which the web of paper passes, and which rollers have between every two a
similar but very light loose roller which lies on the web and keeps it tightly
stretched.
To make the second printing exactly "back" that already printed, it is necessary
to have power to adjust the length of that portion of the web travelling between
the lower and upper type forms, and this I do by having at the end of the machine
screw mechanism which gives considerable adjustment to two rollers over which the
web passes.

page_text: For the "overlays" I use two chains; one at each side, for each impressiou
cylinder, which gear with wheels fixed on the cylinder shafts and which have their
ends secured to girders. At the centres of these chains are firmly fixed sheets of
thin metal carrying the "overlays," over which the usual face cloths are placed.
The chains carrying the overlays are above the web of paper and do not come in
its way as they, however, gear with the cylinders and the latter gear with racks
fixed at each side of the letter-press forms, each part of the overlays must at every
impression be brought to one constant position on its form.
The invention also includes the replacing of the impression cylinders by an
impression bar.
I will now, aided by the accompanying drawings, give a more detailed description
of the improvements.
In the drawings
Fig. 1 is partly a side elevation and partly a vertical longitudinal section of the
improved machine.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation and Fig. 3 an end elevation of the mechanism for
adjusting the length of that portion of the paper web which is between the type
forms.
Fig. 4 is an end view of part of an impression cylinder and gearing of the chains
carrying the overlays, and Figs. 5 and 6 are sections showing the method of fixing
the overlays, &c. to the chains..
Figs. 7 and 8 are elevations drawn at right angles to each other and Fig. 9 is a
plan of the gearing of the upper calenders or drawing off rollers:
Fig. 10 is a side elevation and Fig. 11 is a plan of a modified arrangement of
gearing for the upper calenders or drawing off rollers.
Fig. 12 is another modified form of such last mentioned gearing.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation, Fig. 14 is an end view, Fig. 15 is a sectional
side elevation and Fig. 16 is a sectional view drawn to a larger scale than
Figs. 13, 14, 15, showing a modified arrangement of parts for obtaining the
impression.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 9 A is the main framing, B B₁ are two stationary type
heds, C C are two impression cylinders, which with other parts are carried by a
frame mounted and propelled to and fro in any convenient or well known manner.
D is the roll of paper, E E' are the feeding calender rollers and F F' are the
drawing off calender rollers.
The web d of paper passes first through and is firmly gripped by the feeding
calender rollers E E' geared together, but the gearing of which is not shown,
and driven by a large disc gl on the belt pulley shaft g, which disc g', through
friction, rotates an adjustable disc '; on the shaft of which is a bevelled wheel ³
gearing with a larger bevel wheel e' on the shaft e of the feeding calender roller E.
The adjustable disc of a suitable non-slipping substance, is secured between two
metal discs 3 sliding in grooves in the screwed portion of the shaft h and can be
moved thereon to any desired position and there secured by a pair of nuts 4. By
the adjustment of the position of the adjustable disc ' in relation to the driving
disc g, the desired speed of the feeding calender rollers E E' can be obtained and
therefore of the length of paper fed into the machine.
Instead of calender rollers each in one piece, a series of wheels of the same
pitch fixed to the shafts opposite each other may be employed.
15 are brackets supporting the shaft h and its parts and which can be fixed to
any suitable part of the frame.
After leaving the feeding calenders E E' the paper d passes alternately over and
under accumulator rollers, i.e., over fixed rollers i and under movable rollers i¹.
The movable rollers are very light' and rest upon the web d, pulling by their
weight into a loop any surplus that the feeding calenders E E' inay pass through
beyond what can be at once used in printing. The movable rollers i¹ each run in
the grooves of a light frame ? and may be of any number desired. One or more
of the movable rollere may be pulled partly up, or they may be in a variety of

page_text: positions, but so long as all are not fully up or all fully down and the accumulator
thus inoperative, it is of no importance, the object being that the accumulator will
be able to take up any surplus or supply any deficiency for a short time if the
feeding calenders have not been exactly speeded.
An accumulator of the character above described is also applicable to other
descriptions of weh printing machines.
The web d passes from the accumulator over smoothing and friction bars; j
which can be set at any distance apart and which may be slightly higher at the
centre so as to smooth out the web and prevent it racing into the machine.
The web d then passes under a fixed guide roller k and on to the first roller o
the loop-forming rollers, then under a roller k¹ fixed to the frame A and over the
second loop-forming roller land, guided by a pair of rollers k² k³, under the lower
impression cylinder C, then over a guide roller and round adjustable rollers m m,
then over a guide roller and under the impression cylinder C₁ and then, guided
by a pair of guide rollers kk', it reaches the first upper loop-forming roller ², then
over a guide roller 8 fixed to the frame and under the second upper loop-forming
roller, from which it passes to the upper calender or drawing off rollers F FanF
from them to the cutter and folder, not shown.
The bars operating the loop-forming rollers 1 11 12 13 are moved by cams P
acting on levers 16, the free ends of which pass between anti-friction wheels 17 fixel
to the bars (*.
As explained in the Specifications of Patents before mentioned, one revolutio
of the large driving wheel n makes the impression cylinders C C₁ both travel
outwards and inwards over the type forms in the type beds B B¹, giving thus each
two inipressions. The loop-forming cams, as there also explained, make two
revolutions for each revolution of the large driving wheel n, or in other words,
make a revolution for each impression printed by both cylinders C C'. As the
calenders, according to my invention, feed the paper into an accumulator whence it
passes to the looper, it is necessary that at every impression the total length desired
be looped, and this is accomplished by having two loop-forming rollers 12 1³ above
and two below, each couple with its fixed roller k¹ or k³, so that if the bar (*
rises a quarter of the length required, the lower loop-forming rollers 11 with their
fixed roller k will take from the accumulator the full length required and the
upper loop-forming rollers will give off this length to the upper or delivery
calender rollers F F¹.
By raising the upper anti-friction wheels by means of screws 18, the length of
paper to be looped and fed into the machine can be controlled, for if, for instance,
the levers have to rise a certain distance before they act on the anti-friction
wheels, it is evident they can only lift the looping bars 4 less than their full
possible stroke and that therefore a less length of paper will be fed in and taken
out. The screws 18 have fixed on their shafts bevel wheels ° rotated by bevel
wheel 1° fixed on a cross shaft going across the machine to convey movement to
the opposite side. At the ends of this cross shaft 1" are handles by which it can
be operated.
The upper portions of the looping bars carry racks 12 gearing with wheels (13
on a cross shaft 4. This shaft 14 has also thereon at each end a toothed wheel [15
gearing with a toothed wheel 1 on the shaft 17, which latter also carries a toothed
wheels gearing into a toothed wheel f¹ mounted loosely on the shaft fof the lower
drawing off calender roller F; this wheel f' has fixed thereto a bracket f2 carrying
a spring pawl f³ which acts on a stepped ratchet wheel ƒ fixed to the shaft /
On the shaft * of the upper drawing off calender roller F' is another stepped
ratchet wheel 5 acted upon by a stop pawl fixed to the frame. By these means
the pawls and stepped ratchet wheels give motion to the drawing off calender
rollers F F in one direction only, the stop pawls and ratchet wheels f5 preventing
back motion thereof.
This train of gearing is so proportioned that when the racks move upwards a
certain distance, the surface of the calender rollers F F¹ will move exactly four

page_text: times this distance, so that the paper given off by the upper loop-forming rollers 1213
will be at once conveyed away by the drawing off calender rollers F F', these latter
being of equal diameter and geared together by the wheels f' f so as to travel at
the same surface speed.
The drawing off calender rollers F F¹ may be replaced by wheels of the same
diameter fixed opposite each other on their shafts.
These calender rollers F F thus only revolve when the looping bars rise, and
then only in the one direction, and as soon as the racks commence their downward
movement, the stop pawls will engage with their ratchet wheels f' and the
movement of the calenders F F' will cease.
The cams are so designed that the movement either upward or downward given
to the bars is, even with the largest sheets being printed, gradual, so that the
pawls have ample time to enter the desired teeth of their respective ratchet wheel.
The cams and looping bars are in duplicate so that the movement may be as
uniform as possible.
The adjusting rollers m m are carried in double brackets m' at each side of the
machine, these brackets having fixed to them screws m² each operated by a skew
gear wheel m³ having an internally threaded boss fitting such screw, which wheel m
has motion given to it by another skew geared wheel m* at right angles to it, this
latter wheel being fixed on a shaft m extending across the machine to similar
mechanism at the other side, all being worked by either of the handles m®.
Brackets m support the screw threaded shafts m² and are fixed to the frame at
any convenient place. By moving the adjusting rollers m m outwards and so
lengthening the portion of the web between the impression cylinders C C₁, any size
of sheet can receive the second impression exactly on the back of the first. Jam
nuts m keep the brackets m' in position after adjustment.
The overlays are carried by chains n fixed at each side of both impression
cylinders C C¹ to girders n¹ crossing the machine and fixed to the side frames A.
These chains n gear with guiding wheels n² n² and with large wheels n³ fixed on
each end of the impression cylinder shafts. To projections at the requisite
positions on certain links of these chains n, light bars n³ are fixed which are carried
across to the chains n at the opposite side and there also fixed to similar projections.
To these bars a thin sheet of steel, copper, brass or other material n is fixed by
doubling it round such bars and screwing it thereto, and such sheet of metal is also
at the sides fixed to projections n' on parts of the chains n. The overlay n³ being
secured to this sheet n in its correct position, the usual face cloth n is stretched in
front of it and secured to hooks no fixed also to the chains n. The face of the
overlays n must lie on the pitch lines of the cylinders CC so that there will be no
slurring action, and the chains a through their gear wheels have their centre of
movement on this line so that the surfaces of the overlays will come to their correct
position on the type form and the surface of the cylinders C C¹ must, if required,
be reduced to take the overlays and their parts. The light cross bars nº are
entirely above the surface of the cylinders C C¹ and are beneath their centres
before they reach or after they have passed the type forms, so that they cannot
come in contact with the latter, nor does any part of the overlay prevent a cylinder
of any diameter being used. The light cross bars n³ are also entirely clear of the
cylinders C C at each end and thus allow the free looping of the paper, and as the
chains of the overlays gear with the guiding wheels n², the overlays no do not come in
contact with anything excepting when they are between the impression cylinders () ("
and the type forms.
The cutting-off knife and folding apparatus are not shown but if the sheets be
separated in the machine and a fixed knife used, that portion of the web between
the last type form and the looping apparatus will require to be adjusted in a similar
manner to that done at the end of the machine, and the knife could be made to fall
by the cams as the latter make one revolution for each complete impression
whatever the length of sheet may be.
During the time occupied by the cylinders C C¹ in completing their movement

page_text: in one direction after leaving the form, and in returning to the form in the other
direction, the loop-forming rollers 11 will have fallen to their lowest position
and thus taken the length of paper being printed from their lower to their upper
set. When the cylinders C Care printing on the clean surface thus brought to
them, the cams make their other half revolution and carry the loop-forming
rollers 1213 to their highest position, thus removing, by means of the racks 12
and drawing off calenders F F', the paper already printed from their upper set 1² 1
and replacing a similar length of paper on their lower set without disturbing
those portions of the web receiving their impressions from the type forms. The
return movements of the cylinders C Care exactly similar.
If, say, a sheet 20 inches long has to be printed, the web of paper would he
arranged as described, the overlays placed in position and the accumulator half
filled, the friction disc h¹ for driving the lower or feeding calender rollers E E¹
adjusted by a scale marked on the larger disc g', and the adjustable anti-friction
wheels on the loop-forming roller bars also adjusted by means of a scale so
that the lift shall be exactly five inches. The machine could then be started and,
by adjusting the rollers mm at the end of the machine, exactly "backed," and
if it was found that paper was gathering in or disappearing too rapidly from
the accumulator, the friction disc revolving the feeding calenders would be
adjusted accordingly.
If desired the upper or drawing off calenders F F¹ may be caused to revolve
on both the upward and downward movement of the looping bars as illustrated
at Figs. 10 and 11, and thus not only dispense with one loop-forming roller of
the upper and lower set, but also with the extra roller k fixed to the frame.
cross
By revolving when the bars are moving in both directions, the calenders F FI
remove the same length of paper when revolving at one half their former speed. The
looping bars are in this case formed at their upper portions into two racks 12 112*
cach gearing with a separate loose wheel 13/13* mounted on the same
shaft. Both of these wheels 13 13* have brackets 12 f2* carrying pawls for.
or f³*,
each engaging with a separate stepped ratchet wheel f* or ** fixed to the said
cross shaft 4. When the racks 112 * rise, the pawl f³* engages with its ratchet
wheel and so revolves the cross shaft 14, the other ratchet wheel f revolving
freely beneath its pawl f3 which is being driven in the opposite direction by its
rack and wheel 3. When however the racks 112 * descend, the reverse of these
movements takes place, the pawl 3 which was out of action now coming into action
and driving the said cross shaft in the same direction, whilst the pawl 3* will
travel freely over its ratchet wheel /**. The cross shaft 4 has on it a wheel 115
gearing with a wheel 1 on the lower drawing off calender shaft F and these wheels
are so speeded that every movement either upward or downward of the looping
bars causes the drawing off calenders F F¹ at their surface to travel just double
the distance, thus removing double the length of paper. The drawing off
calenders F F are geared together by equal wheels ff. The first and last loop-
forming rollers 13 are in this case dispensed with, as is also the fixed guide roller k,
the paper coming to the fixed roller k from the smoothing bars jj and passing to
the second looping roller and passing from the third looping roller 12 to the
drawing off calenders F F¹.
The arrangement of parts shown at Figs. 10 and 11 for working the upper
In this modification the
calender rolls F F¹ may be modified as shown at Fig 12.
movement is the same as that shown and described in Figs. 10 and 11, the only
difference being that the ratchet wheels f*f** are replaced by a wider stepped
ratchet wheel and the two pawis f³3* both act on the same ratchet wheel.
To make the web of paper always come from the roll D at the same uniform
speed as that of the lower or feeding calenders E E', I use a third calender
roller E2 of sufficient weight to lie closely against the roll of paper D on the reel.
This third calender roller E2 is exactly of the same diameter as the other two, and
it is supported by two arms e2 which pivot on the shaft of the feeding calender E',
B

page_text: 1
and is driven from this shaft by chain and chain wheels e e' at the same speed as
the feeding calenders E E'.
To take the place of the impression cylinders C C₁, but otherwise having the
machine as described, I use bars C* to travel steadily over the type forms and press
the paper in contact with them: These bars C* occupy much less space than
cylinders, which is important in this class of machine. This part of my invention
is shown at Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16. That portion of the bar C* which gives the
impression is connected to an upper girder portion c by end pieces c'. These end
pieces c¹ have slides c2 which travel in guides a in the side frames A, and connecting
bars unite the impression bars C* of the upper and lower type forms.
n
The paper comes, as herein before described, over guide rollers k³ k or k³ k and
the overlays over pulleys. To decrease the friction a roller c is inserted above the
impression part of the bar and the overlays n³ and web of paper d come in contact
with it before and after they pass the impression part of the bar C*. As the
bar C slides on the back of the overlays no, the sheet of metal nº carrying them
must be stronger than in the former case, and the chains a supporting it may be
dispensed with and simply holes cut in the edges of the sheet n to receive the small
teeth of wheels fixed to the said anti-friction roller c, there being no strain
between the wheels c and the metal sheet no, the latter being secured to the
girders n' n as above described. Where the sheet n terminates bands of similar
inetal make the connection with the girders, these bands being also cut to receive
the teeth of the said wheels as well as those of the guiding wheels m and these wheels
have their teeth projecting from only a very small distance below the pitch line,
the metal with the overlays and face cloth being all the distance required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
CLAIMS.
1. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination
with two flat forms, a web of paper and suitable paper feeding and drawing off
calenders, of an accumulator constructed and operated in manner, substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
2. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination with
two, flat forms, a web of paper and suitable paper feeding and drawing off calenders,
of an accumulator and adjustable friction bars, substantially as herein shown and
described and, for the purpose stated.
3. In a printing machine, of the, character herein referred to, the combination
with two flat forms, a web of paper and paper feeding and drawing off calenders, of
a double loop-forming mechanism constructed 'substantially as 'herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
4. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination
with the 'double loop-forming mechanism, of racks, pawls, ratchet wheels and other
gearing for operating the drawing off calenders and preventing backward motion
thereof, substantially as herein shown and described..
5. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination with
loop-forming rollers, of ineans for varying and adjusting the lift given to such
rollers, substantially as herein shown and described.
6. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination with
means for feeding a web of paper to the printing forms, of means for adjusting the
length of web between 'one impression form and the other, substantially as herein
shown and described.
7. In printing machines, the combination with calenders for feeding a web of
paper from the reel, of means for adjusting the speed of such feed, substantially as
herein shown and described.
8. In printing machines, the combination with feeding calenders, of means for

page_text: controlling the rotation of the reel of paper so that it shall revolve at the same
surface speed as the feed calenders, substantially as herein shown and described.
9. In printing machines, the substitution for the impression cylinders heretofore
used, of sliding impression bars, substantially as herein shown and described.
10. In printing machines, the combination with sliding impression bars, of anti-
friction rollers to reduce the friction between them and the sheet carrying the
overlays and the web of paper, substantially as herein shown and described.
11. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the peculiar
construction of overlay mechanism substantially as herein shown and described.
12. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination
with the impression cylinders or bars, of an independent overlay which is so guided
that each part thereof shall accurately arrive at its correct position over the form
being printed, substantially as herein shown and described.
13. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the use of a metal
or other sheet to support an overlay, the surface of which including the overlay
shall come into action on the pitch line of the impression cylinder or impression bar,
substantially as herein shown and described.
14. In a printing machine of the character herein referred to, the combination
with sheets carrying overlays, of means for gearing such sheets with the shafts of
the impression cylinders, substantially as herein shown and described.
15. In a web printing machine, the combination with feed rollers, of an
accumulator, substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose.
stated.
Dated this 29th day of June 1895.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.