IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theophilus Coad, of North Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Electrician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC
BATTERIES."
Sealed the 29th June 1880, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
J 20th December 1970
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theophilus Coad at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1879.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of North Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Electrician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES.”
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of galvanic batteries,
whereby greater constancy and quantity are obtained than hitherto, and their
management simplified, thus rendering such batteries especially applicable for use
in lighting by electricity.
In carrying out my improvements I employ the usual positive and negative
electrodes and any suitable fluids, but I apply to each of the outer cells a cock for
drawing off the fluid when required, or the cells may be connected by suitable pipes
and stop cocks, so that they may be all filled or emptied from one cell. Stop cocks
are also provided, so that each one or any number of cells may be disconnected
from the remainder.
Instead of employing round cells as hitherto I employ square or oblong shaped
cells, the zinc electrode being surrounded by the carbon or other negative electrode,
the several carbons being connected together by strips of lead or equivalent
means.
To the zinc or positive electrode I apply a reservoir of suitable material, such as
gutta percha, such reservoir being filled with mercury, whereby the zinc electrode
will be kept regularly amalgamated, thus preventing local action, and consequently
giving greater constancy to the battery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Theophilus Coad in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th June 1880.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of North Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Electrician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of galvanic batteries,
whereby greater constancy is obtained and a greater quantity of electricity is
generated than hitherto, and their management simplified, thus rendering such
batteries especially applicable for use in lighting by electricity.
In carrying out my improvements I employ the usual positive and negative
electrodes and any suitable fluids, but I apply to each of the outer cells a cock for
drawing off the fluid when required; or the cells may be connected by suitable
pipes and stop cocks, so that they may be all filled or emptied from one cell. Stop
cocks are also provided, so that each one or any number of cells may be disconnected
from the remainder.
Instead of employing round cells as hitherto I preferably employ square or oblong
shaped cells, the zinc electrode being surrounded either wholly or partly by the carbon
or other negative electrode, the several carbons being connected together by strips
of copper or equivalent means.
To the zinc or positive electrode I apply a reservoir of suitable material, such as
gutta percha, such reservoir being filled with mercury, whereby the zinc electrode
will be kept regularly amalgamated, thus preventing local action, and consequently
giving greater constancy to the battery.
But to make my Invention better understood I will now proceed to describe the
same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 is a plan, and
Figure 2 a side elevation of a galvanic battery constructed according to this Inven-
tion; Figure 3 is a cross section of the same on line A, B, Figure 1, and Figure 4
is a detached view of the zinc electrode. Similar letters in all the Figures represent
similar parts.
a is the outer cell, and 6 the porous pot, preferably formed of an oblong shape, as
shewn; C, C', show the carbon or negative electrodes connected together by the
copper strips c, c; and Z is the zinc or positive electrode. The carbon may be
formed in one piece, as shewn at C, Figure 1, or in several pieces, as shown at C³,
in which latter case the several pieces would be connected together by strips of
copper or equivalent means; d is the outlet or discharge cock of the outer cell a to
allow of diawing off the fluid when required. The said cock may be of any
suitable construction to allow of it being operated by a rod e, having a knob or
handle fat the top; or the cells may be connected together by a pipe 7, with a
stop cock between each pair of cells, so as to allow of all the cells being filled or
emptied from one cell, and to allow of each or any one cell being disconnected from
the remainder. The porous pot b may be also provided with a discharge outlet or
cock similar to that described for the outer cell and for a similar purpose.
i, Figures 3 and 4, is the reservoir made of suitable material, such as gutta
percha, and serving to contain a supply of mercury so that the zinc electrode being
placed therein, as shewn, will be kept regularly amalgamated.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the best means with
which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down and shewn

page_text: in the accompanying Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from
the principle of my Invention; but what I claim is,―
The construction and employment of galvanic batteries, arranged and operating
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein before described and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theophilus Coad, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
T. COAD. (LS.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theophilus Coad, of North Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Electrician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC
BATTERIES."
Sealed the 29th June 1880, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 20th December 1870
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theophilus Coad at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1879.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of North Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Electrician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of galvanic batteries,
whereby greater constancy and quantity are obtained than hitherto, and their
management simplified, thus rendering such batteries especially applicable for use
in lighting by electricity.
In carrying out my improvements I employ the usual positive and negative
electrodes and any suitable fluids, but I apply to each of the outer cells a cock for
drawing off the fluid when required, or the cells may be connected by suitable pipes
and stop cocks, so that they may be all filled or emptied from one cell. Stop cocks
are also provided, so that each one or any number of cells may be disconnected
from the remainder.
Instead of employing round cells as hitherto I employ square or oblong shaped
cells, the zinc electrode being surrounded by the carbon or other negative electrode,
the several carbons being connected together by strips of lead or equivalent
means.
To the zinc or positive electrode I apply a reservoir of suitable material, such as
gutta percha, such reservoir being filled with mercury, whereby the zinc electrode
will be kept regularly amalgamated, thus preventing local action, and consequently
giving greater constancy to the battery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Theophilus Coad in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th June 1880.
THEOPHILUS COAD, of North Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Electrician.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of galvanic batteries,
whereby greater constancy is obtained and a greater quantity of electricity is
generated than hitherto, and their management simplified, thus rendering such
batteries especially applicable for use in lighting by electricity.
In carrying out my improvements I employ the usual positive and negative
electrodes and any suitable fluids, but I apply to each of the outer cells a cock for
drawing off the fluid when required; or the cells may be connected by suitable
pipes and stop cocks, so that they may be all filled or emptied from one cell. Stop
cocks are also provided, so that each one or any number of cells may be disconnected
from the remainder.
Instead of employing round cells as hitherto I preferably employ square or oblong
shaped cells, the zinc electrode being surrounded either wholly or partly by the carbon
or other negative electrode, the several carbons being connected together by strips
of copper or equivalent means.
To the zinc or positive electrode I apply a reservoir of suitable material, such as
.gutta percha, such reservoir being filled with mercury, whereby the zinc electrode
will be kept regularly amalgamated, thus preventing local action, and consequently
giving greater constancy to the battery.
But to make my Invention better understood I will now proceed to describe the
same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 is a plan, and
Figure 2 a side elevation of a galvanic battery constructed according to this Inven-
tion; Figure 3 is a cross section of the same on line A, B, Figure 1; and Figure 4
is a detached view of the zinc electrode. Similar letters in all the Figures represent
similar parts.
a is the outer cell, and 6 the porous pot, preferably formed of an oblong shape, as
shewn; C, C', shew the carbon or negative electrodes connected together by the
copper strips c, c; and Z is the zinc or positive electrode. The carbon may be
formed in one piece, as shewn at C, Figure 1, or in several pieces, as shewn at C³,
in which latter case the several pieces would be connected together by strips of
copper or equivalent means; d is the outlet or discharge cock of the outer cell u to
allow of drawing off the fluid when required. The said cock may be of any
suitable construction to allow of it being operated by a rod e, having a knob or
handle at the top; or the cells may be connected together by a pipe g, with a
stop cock between each pair of cells, so as to allow of all the cells being filled or
emptied from one cell, and to allow of each or any one cell being disconnected from
the remainder. The porous pot 6 may be also provided with a discharge outlet or
cock similar to that described for the outer cell and for a similar purpose.
b
i, Figures 3 and 4, is the reservoir made of suitable material, such as gutta
percha, and serving to contain a supply of mercury so that the zinc electrode being
placed therein, as shewn, will be kept regularly amalgamated.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the best means with
which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down and shewn

page_text: in the accompanying Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from
the principle of my Invention; but what I claim is,-
The construction and employment of galvanic batteries, arranged and operating
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein before described and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theophilus Coad, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
T. COAD. (LS.)