IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PREPARING MATERIALS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONAME BEING GENERALLY APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick George Mulholland, of No. 17, Swan Street,
Dover Road, in the County of Surrey, Civil and Mechanical Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PREPARING
MATERIALS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fredeck George Mul-
holland at the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th August 1865
I, FREDERICK GEORGE MULHOLLAND, of No.-17, Swan Street, Dover Road,
in the County of Surrey, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD
OF PREPARING MATERIALS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELE-
GRAPHIC CABLES, THE SAME BEING GENERALLY APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements by simplifying and modifying the
several modes, methods, and processes fully described and set forth in the
Specification to Her Majesty's Letters Patent, No 2886, dated 29th Septem-
ber, 1863, granted me for manufacturing submarine telegraph cables, and
ather purposes.
First, I preferentially but not necessarily use in lieu of one wire two or
more of chemically pure copper, varying from 12 to 20 B. W.G, loosely
intertwining them so as in case of the cable being subjected to straining
under any circumstances the wires in each of the conductors may by expan-

page_text: Siou in their length give out by elongation in lieu of offering resistance
thereto, and I coat the said wires with my insulating compositions, covering
them with indian-rubber tape as before.
Second, having, as in the herein-before recited Specification is set forth
arranged and determined the number of conductors I intend conjoining to
form a cable, I coat them with the composition hereafter described, and serve
them with hemp or other textile matter, covering externally as the envelope
of outer protection with iron or other wire, laying the cross strands thereof
either diagonally or borizontally as may under the circumstances for which the
cable is required be deemed requisite and advisable, and after passing it when
completed through rollers or die sheaves under pressure to ensure homogenity
in all the parts and uniformity of shape, I perfect the whole by passing it
through a trough in which the composition is maintained by gentle tempe-
rature in a state of liquefaction.
Third, the preservative and protective compositions claimed by me as
aforesand being applicable for many other than submarine purposes I vary the
quantities and proportions of the several ingredients hitherto used (making
certain additions thereto), finding practically that iron, timber,_and_other_
materials, when wholly or occasionally submerged or when subjected to
atmospheric action only are frequently more beneficially protected by the use
thereof if the same are prepared and admixed in or about the following
proportions, that is to say:-
Asphalte or bitumen
-
10
to 25 parts.
Plumbago
Caoutchou
-
-
10
15
do.
->
50
75
do.
"
Naptha o benzine
Sulphur
- 100
125
do.
"
•
10
13.5 do.
"
Siliceous acid.
-
.
3.5
4.75 do.
"
-
2.5"
5.0 do.
-
5.0. 7.5 do.
Phosphoric do.
Bisulphide of carbon
And I sometimes (altho' seldom) under peculiar circumstances find it
necessary to omit or dispense altogether with one or more of the ingredients
heen described, or vary same by increasing or decreasing the several
proportions relatively when requisite to meet actual or probable changes of
tompainture us for any other reasons
Causes invariable experienced in

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the I etters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick George Mulholland in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd February 1866
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
GEORGE MULHOLLAND, of No. 17, Swan Sueet, Dover Road, in the County of
Surrey, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, send greeting
'
WHEREAS Her inost Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said
Frederick George Mulholland, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
George Mulholland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Frederick George Mulholland, executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agice with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term thesein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Butain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF PREPARING MATERIALS FOR AND
THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES, THE SAME BEING
GENERALLY APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick George Mulholland, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the sand Invention, and what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
IN
NOW KNOW YE. that I, the said Frederick George Mulholland, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement
This Invention relates to improvements by mystrification and modification of
the several modes, methods, and processes fully described and set forth in the
Specification to Letters Patent, No. 2386, dated. 29th September 1863,
granted me for manufacturing submarine telegraph cables, and for other
purposes.
1st, I preferentially but not necessarily use in lieu of worin wires two or
more of chemically pure copper, ranging from 12 to 20 Bumingham wite

page_text: guage, loosely intertwining them in their entire length, and at each Junction
lapping or extending so as in case of the cable being subjected to straining
under any circumstances the wires in each of the conductors may by extension
in their length give out by elongation in lieu of offering resistance thereto, and
I coat the said wires with my insulating compositions, subsequently covering
their surfaces with repeated layers of india-rubber immersed in composition as
before.
2nd, having, as in the herein-before recited Specification is set forth,
arranged and determined the number of conductors I intend conjoining to
form a cable, I coat them with the composition or compounds berein-after
descubed, and fur them with hemp or other textile matters, covering them
externally as the envelope or outer protection with iron or other wines, laying
the cross strands thereof either diagonally or horizontally, as may under the
circumstances for which it is required, or as may be deemed requisite and
advisable, and after passing the completed construction thre' rollere or die
sheaves under pressure to insure homogenity thus in all the parts and
uniformity of shape, whether the same be flat or circular, I perfect the whole
by splashing it thro' a trough or vessel in which the composition is maintained-
by a gentle temperature in a state of liquifaction.
3rd, the preservative and protective composition and compounds claimed
by me as aforesaid being applicable for many others than submarine purposes
(that is to say) as paints for railways, bridges, dock works, piers, and generally
all kinds and descriptions of construction requiring protection, I vary the
quantity and proportions of the several ingredients hitherto used, making
certain additions thereto, hnding practically that ion, timber, and other
materials when wholly or occasionally submerged, or when subjected to atmo-
spheric action only are frequently more beneficially protected by the use
thereof if the same are prepared and in or about the following proportions,

page_text: vary same by increasing or decreasing the several proportions relatively when
equisite to meet actual or probable changes of temperature, or for any other
reasons or causes invariably experienced in practice.
Having now described the nature and objects of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same are performed, I hereby declare that I claim
as the Invention to be secured by the said Letters Patent,―
1st, the several compounds and substances and tho mode of manufacturing
the same as above set forth, for electric insulation and other purposes.
2ndly, the provision or allowance for expansion and contraction in electric
conductors generally.
Sidly, t deoxidation of the surface of the conducting wire or wires and
absolute insulation of same prior to lapping or coating with the herein-befolc
described protected envelope of caoutchouc.
And, lastly, the combination of any number of insulated conductors to
form a cable capable of admitting the transmission all various symbols at one
and the same time, whereby increased powers of communications are ensured.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick George Mulholland, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 3rd day of February, A.D. 1866.
FRED. GEO". MULHOLLAND. (L.S)