matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED POCKET LAMP AND MATCH CASE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1877.
GEORGE WILLIAM THOMAS, of Harlesden Green, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED POCKET LAMP AND MATCH CASE."
My Invention relates to an improved lamp and match box or receptacle combined
for pocket use, and is designed to afford a ready means of obtaining a light of an
hour or more in duration for reading in railway carriages or elsewhere, cigar
lighting, and similar purposes.
My Invention consists in a metal case or receptacle of flat, cylindrical, or other
form, but preferably the former, for the sake of convenience in carrying it in the
waiscoat or other pocket. This metal case is divided transversely into two com-
partments of unequal size, the larger or upper one of which is hermetically closed
with the exception of a wick tube screwed into and projecting from one end.
Within this compartment is contained wool, sponge, or other absorbent material
saturated with spirit or mineral oil for the supply of a wick contained in the wick
tube. The wool or sponge is encircled and held up to the wick by a strip of metal
within the chamber.
The end of the case from which the wick tube projects is provided with a spring-
hinged lid, within which is fixed a cap, that when the lid is closed fits tightly on
the wick tube and so closes the lamp chamber entirely to prevent evaporation of
the spirit when not in use.
The other and smaller compartment is to contain the matches, and is provided
with a sliding drawer which pulls out at the side of the case. The bottom end is
made flat in order to stand on a table or elsewhere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUNCHING BEARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Baird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1877.
ROBERT BAIRD, of Stirling, in the County of Stirling, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUNCHING BEARS."
.
This Invention has for its object to simplify the construction and improve the
action of punching apparatus of the class known as punching bears, and is an
improvement upon the Invention described in the Specification of Letters Patent
obtained by the present applicant, and dated 17 December, 1870 (No. 3297).
In a bear made according to the present Invention the punch holder guided in
the usual way in the upper jaw is acted upon by the head of a lever, having at its
outer end a swivelling nut, through which there is tapped one part of a screw
spindle. This screw spindle is formed with right-hand and left-hand threads, and
its other part is tapped through a swivelling nut, held by a part of the body pro-
jecting back from the jaws, and it is by turning this screw spindle that the
punching operation is effected, the lever being moved towards the body of the bear.
A small pin fixed in the head of the lever, and working freely in slots in the cheeks
of the body, serves to guide the lever and keep it from being displaced. The
resisting strain does not however act on this pin but on a steel plate fixed in the
top of the body, the head of the lever acting between this fixed plate and the top
of the punch holder. The top of the punch holder and the under side of the fixed
plate are formed with concave surfaces, adapted to convex surfaces on the under
and upper sides of the head of the lever, and this head is shaped with its convex
surfaces eccentric from each other, so as when the lever is turned to widen the space
between the fixed plate and the punch holder, and thus force down the punch.
In some cases the convex and concave surfaces are shaped so that the pressure
may be greater when the punch has the entire thickness of metal to resist than
when the metal is partly penetrated.
The punch holder is lifted up again after each stroke by curved levers centered
on pins on each side of the punch holder, and bearing on recessed parts of the
cheeks, whilst their ends are acted on by cam-shaped projections on the sides of the
lever lead.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TAKING SOUNDINGS AT SEA, AND FOR INDICATING THE DEPTH OF LIQUIDS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georgo Bohn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1877.
GEORGE BOHN, Civil Engineer, of Kingston upon Hull, and WILLIAM SMITH,
Consulting Engineer, of Salisbury Street, Adelphi, London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR TAKING SOUNDINGS AT SEA, AND FOR INDICATING THE DEPTH OF LIQUIDS
UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS."
This Invention consists in constructing a sounding log with a guage of suitable
form and dimensions on the principle of compression, say of corrugated plates or
exhausted elastic hollow vessels, similar in their action to Bourdon's steain or
other pressure guages, or other pressure recording guages, and attaching the same
to an ordinary sounding lead, or to the cord or wire by which such lead is
lowered to the bottom of the ocean.
The pressure shown upon the dial by the index hand or pointer is equal to the
depth of water, and the hand or pointer when the greatest depth is attained is
retained in its position by a ratchet, detent, or equivalent means, so as to indicate
the depth when drawn up to the surface either by reason of a spring stud or by
equivalent means, the hand can be released and returned to zero; or by means of a
pin or stud a loose or freely-moving hand is moved round by the ordinary indicator
to show the maximum depth as representing the pressure by the vertical
column and the depth of immersion; thus, instead of being retained in position, the
hand may be made to carry with it or move forward a second hand, which is retained
in position, and when read off may be released, adjusted, and reset, or made to reset
itself by a spring.
When used to indicate the depth of liquid in tanks, a guage is fixed outside the
tank at the level of the bottom thereof, and is suitably graduated according to
the specific gravity of the liquid intended to be stored in such tanks; and the
graduations may either record the vertical height of the liquid above the bottom
of the tank in feet and inches or other measures of length or heighth, or show
the number of gallons or other measures of capacity of liquid contained in the
said tank. When used for tanks we prefer the form with two hands in order
that one hand may represent the greatest amount which has been contained in the

page_text: tank within any given period, whilst the other shows the quantity contained at
the moment of observation.
Instead of the guage being furnished with a dial it may be formed in the
manner of a piston working in a cylinder, such piston being pressed outwards
by a cushion of air or by springs of metal or other suitable material. In this case a
slot and simple pointer may be substituted for the dial in a form similar to that used
in safety valves in locomotive and other steam engine boilers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN VENTILATORS OR VENTILATING COWLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Livermore Shorland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1877.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmongers. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
VENTILATORS OR VENTILATING COWLS."
My Invention relates to the ventilators or ventilating cowls employed in the
ventilation of public buildings, hospital wards, places of assembly, and other
enclosed places, and has for its object to render them more cheerful in appearance,
and also to increase their utility by rendering them capable of transmitting light.
The shaft of my improved ventilator is made of sheet iron or other metal or
material, of a cylindrical or other suitable form, and communicates by its lower end
with the place to be ventilated as is usual.
Above the mouth of the said shaft I suspend a glass bell, which prevents rain or
other descending matters from falling down the said shaft, and also prevents or
checks the access of blasts of wind to the said shaft.
The mouth of the said shaft, together with the said bell, are enclosed within an
outer shell, which protects the said glass from injury, and also shields the said mouth
from the wind, as in the case of ordinary forms of ventilators. The said shell
may be attached to the said shaft, and the glass bell be suspended from a cross
bar fixed to the said shell. The said bell being made of glass permits the trans-
mission of light through the said shaft into the place to be ventilated.
'
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS USED FOR TILLING LAND
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1877.
THOMAS PERKINS, of Hitchin, in the County of Hertford. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
IMPLEMENTS USED FOR TILLING LAND."
This Invention relates to the class of implements generally worked by horse
power, and consists in improvements adapting them for manual use, by which means
the cost of cultivation is greatly reduced. For this purpose I construct a frame-
work of iron or other material, and mount it on wheels upon its axle or other
convenient centre, and turning upon it. I attach one or more levers, having upon
them hoes or tilling tools. Sliding collars or equivalent arrangements are employed
for regulating the distance of the wheels apart, and also of the levers when more
than one is used.
The hoes or tilling tools are held down to their work by means of weights or
springs pressing upon the levers.
The levers at their hinder ends are loosely connected to the frame of the machine,
and through a limited range rise and fall independently of it, but by raising the
handles together with the frame beyond this distance, the shares or tines may be
lifted entirely out of the soil.
In order to provide against the covering up of the young plants by the soil, a
guard is interposed between the hoes or tines and the plants; or the carrying wheels
being filled in between their arms would serve as guards.
Implements so constructed are intended to be pushed forward by the operator,
and may be used either between or across the rows of plants.
The advantage of constructing implements wrought by manual power with self-
adjusting levers is, that the labourer has nothing to divert his attention from the
steering of the implement, which is a point of the first importance in working
between rows of young and tender plants, at the same time a uniformity of depth
is also secured.
A NEW SELF-LOCKING POLE-CRAB FOR USE IN HARNESSING HORSES TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES, AND THE IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF FALLEN HORSES THEREFROM, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO SINGLE HARNESS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Isaacks Sands at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1877.
JAMES ISAACKS SANDS, of 132, Upper Kennington Lane, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey. "A NEW SELF-LOCKING POLE-CRAB FOR USE IN HARNESSING HORSES
TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES, AND THE IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF
FALLEN HORSES THEREFROM, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO SINGLE
HARNESS."
This Invention consists of a new self-locking pole-crab for use in harnessing and
coupling horses to carriages and other similar vehicles, and the immediate release of
fallen horses therefrom. It is well known great difficulty occurs in releasing horses
from vans, omnibuses, and such like vehicles, and the special object of this Inven-
tion is to furnish a ready and quick way of immediately releasing the horse, saving
much damage both to the horse as well as to the harness. This pole-crab is intended
to be used as a substitute for or in lieu of the hook now generally used at the end
of the pole.
The crab is made of an elongated frame of metal or other suitable material, in the
centre of which is an eye; or instead of this eye straps may be used as a means of
securing the crab to the pole, and at either end of the frame are hooks with joints,
into which a corresponding tenon at the end of the hook fits, and is secured by a
pin or bolt, thus forming a complete joint and hook; the opposite end of the hook
is received into a slot cut in the frame, and when closely shut a collet or clasp is
passed over the end of the hook; and further to ensure its security and safety a
loose key, working in a lock or socket in the frame falls projecting beyond the
collet or clasp; the key is kept in its place by means of a pin and nut, and remains
in this position until the crab is turned up, when the key returns to its recess; this
key perfectly locks the hook and clasp, but which key, in case of need, can be

page_text: instantly lifted up by the finger, the clasp slipped and the hook springs open, and
hence the immediate release of the horse.
A part of this Invention is also applicable to single harness or other similar
purposes, the frame being made of iron or other suitable metal, which may be
burnished or plated, as may be desired, fitted with hook and drop key, as before
described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOOL OR INSTRUMENT FOR TIPPING BILLIARD CUES AND OTHER STICKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts, junior, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1877.
JOHN ROBERTS, junior, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
" A NEW OR
IMPROVED TOOL OR INSTRUMENT FOR TIPPING BILLIARD CUES AND OTHER STICKS."
The object of this Invention is to impart a true and even surface to the tips or
ends of billiard cues and other sticks.
The Invention is as follows:-I attach to or form upon one end of a spindle a
cutting tool or graver. The blades of the graver radiate from a point, preferably
not the centre of the spindle, so that when the spindle is turned, the cutting edges
of the tool come in contact with the cue or stick, and cut or shave off to a smooth.
surface the article which may be brought against it.
The contrary end of the spindle to that carrying the graver is provided with a
handle or hand wheel for communicating rotary motion to the spindle. A helical
spring is inserted between collars at the top and bottom of the spindle for keeping the
tool up to its work. The lower collar may unscrew to remove the tool for sharpening
or otherwise. There is a metal cap to go over the spindle, open at top for the tool
to pass through, and screwing on at bottom to the cap aforesaid. To the top of the
cap I connect arms or jaws, which form springs to embrace the end of the cue or
other stick to be cut. The upper end of the spring clip is embraced by a staple
with set screw.
The cue or stick to be faced is inserted in between the spring jaws, and there
secured by means of the set screw.
The tool handle is turned and the graver,
pressed up against the end of the cue. The latter is thereby faced up as required.
PROVEMENTS IN BRACES FOR SUSPENDING TROWSERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Pass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1877.
ERNEST DE PASS, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gentleman.
PROVEMENTS IN BRACES FOR SUSPENDING TROWSERS."
"IM-
Heretofore great inconvenience has been caused to persons wearing braces in
endeavouring to ascertain whether both legs of the trowsers set or fall at the same
level, and the object of the present Invention is to remedy such inconvenience. Now
according to my Invention each strap, band, or brace of the pair for a portion of its
length is properly divided, graduated, or marked with degrees at equal distances,
say, for example, into inches, ½, inches, 8th inches, and 16ths of inches, so that by
merely raising or lowering the buckles (the upper or lower bars of which act as
pointers or indices) to the corresponding degree on each band or strap, the legs of
the trowsers are immediately adjusted to equal length. Or one-half of each band,
strap, or brace, is graduated according to the English measure, and the other half
according to a foreign measure, say, the French metric measure.
Or the English
measure may be dispensed with, and each strap, band, or brace divided according to
any one or to any two foreign measures.
The graduated scales may be applied or marked on the braces in colours, in
manner similar to that now employed for ornamenting them, or other suitable
methods may be employed for such purpose.
When the braces are made of leather, the graduated scale may be stamped or
punched thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Norman Oscar Craig at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1877.
$6
NORMAN OSCAR CRAIG, of Markinch, in the County of Fife, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object to obtain an efficient washing machine of very
simple construction, and not liable to get out of order.
In the improved washing machine the vessel for containing the clothes or articles
to be washed is made of a hexagonal or six-sided form, with flat top and bottom,
and it is supported upon legs at a convenient height.
The interior sides of the vessel are formed with ribs, running, some in horizontal
and some in vertical directions. In the centre of the vessel there is a dolly or peggy,
which is a disc having pegs projecting downwards, and fixed on a vertical spindle
passing through a bearing formed in a plate fixed to the lid, which lid is hinged to
the vessel.
A toothed pinion or sector upon the outer end of the peggy spindle gears with
another toothed sector of larger radius, which is centered on a stud, and is formed
with an arm having a pin fixed to it. This pin has an antifriction roller or bush,
which moves in a cross slot formed in a bar fitted to slide horizontally in guides.
Motion is communicated to the apparatus by a handled fly wheel at the side of
the vessel, the shaft of which is carried in bearings on the lid, and has a crank
which is connected by a rod to the sliding bar, so as to give a reciprocating move-
ment, and through the toothed sectors communicate an angular reciprocating
motion to the dolley or peggy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR COVERS FOR UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES, AND IN ATTACHING THE SAME THERETO.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Joseph Roussel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1877.
FRANÇOIS JOSEPH ROUSSEL, of Gloucester Place, Hyde Park, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR COVERS FOR UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES,
AND IN ATTACHING THE SAME THERETO.'
"
My Invention consists in an umbrella or sunshade cover permanently carried on
the stick, preferably just above the stop notch, and when not in use enclosed
between two cups fitting together on the stick to form a hollow chamber to contain
it. The one cup, which I will call the top cup, is by a ferrule or collar permanently
fixed to it, or it may slide to a limited extent on the stick, and to the ferrule within
this cup one end of the cover is attached. I prefer to make the cover of knitted
silk, but other kinds of light fabric may be employed. To a similar ring or ferrule
within the lower cup the other end of the cover is attached, and this lower cup is
made in two halves jointed together by spring hinges to open out to enable the
cover to be readily drawn over the umbrella or sunshade, after which the parts are
closed and locked together by spring catches or otherwise. In this position the cup
serves as a cap to enclose the tips of the ribs.
The advantage of my Invention is that the cover is always at hand when required
and is not liable to be lost like the separate covers generally used.
GILDING FRAMES OF WOOD, PUTTY, PAPER MACHE, AND ALL OTHER NON-METALLIC SUBSTANCES BY MEANS OF A GALVANIC BATTERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Jules Dupuis and Gustao
Otto Schulz at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April
1877.
ALBERT JULES DUPUIS and GUSTAO OTTO SCHULZ, at 32, West Street, Brighton,
Sussex. "GILDING FRAMES OF WOOD, PUTTY, PAPER MACHE, AND ALL OTHER
NON-METALLIC SUBSTANCES BY MEANS OF A GALVANIC BATTERY."
Take the frame, thoroughly cleansed, coat it with any solution containing both
sticking and coating power, such as wax, gelatine, gutta percha, etc., by either
applying the solution with a brush or by putting the whole frame in the bath.
After the substance so applied is just dry, cover all the parts which are required to
be gilt with black lead, used either in the form of powder or as a solution. Thus
the frame will be ready for the application of the galvanic battery.
The advantages of this Invention to gild non-metallic frames by the application
of a galvanic battery are that the outlines and ornamentations of the frame loose
nothing of their clearness and sharpness, and that the gilding by this process is
much more durable than the usual gilding of frames by leaf gold.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Heywood, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
and Thomas Hacking, of Newton, in the County of Chester, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
Sealed the 16th November 1877, and dated the 17th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Heywood and Thomas
Hacking at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May
1877.
GEORGE HEYWOOD, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, and THOMAS HACKING,
of Newton, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
Our Invention relates more particularly to the internal flues or furnace flues of
steam generators, and is particularly applicable to steam generators of the Cornish
and Lancashire types, although it may be adopted with advantage in some other
forms of generators.
In an ordinary Cornish or Lancashire boiler, the expansion and contraction of
the internal flue or flues has an injurious effect upon the boiler ends, and the object
of our Invention is to remedy this defect. To this end we employ aunular discs of
steel or wrought iron which are connected by the larger diameter to one part of the
flue or to the boiler shell, and by the smaller diameter to a part of the flue of
diminished area, or are connected together at their larger diameters and are attached
by their smaller diameters to parts of the flue.
In one arrangement we employ two annular dises, connected together at or near
their peripheries. Que disc is connected by a conical diminishing tube with the
shell of the flue, and the other disc is connected by a conical or cylindrical tube
with the back end plate of the boiler or with another portion of the shell of the said
flue, the two tubes being riveted or attached to the margins of the holes in the said
discs. As the flue expands and contracts, the said discs buckle and prevent an
injurious strain from being transmitted to the boiler ends.

page_text: In another arrangement, a disc is directly attached by its larger diameter to the
flue and is connected by a tube of diminished area with the boiler end.
In another arrangement, two discs are connected together, at or near their lesser
diameters, by a short tube, and at or near their greater diameters with portions of
the internal flue.
In another arrangement, a tube of diminished area passes through the boiler end
and is connected with the said boiler end by means of one of the said dises which
is secured to the said tube and to the boiler end, and is situated outside the boiler.
When two of the said discs are connected together, a ring is interposed to separate
the two discs, the rivets passing through the said ring; or the connection may be
otherwise effected by means of rings of channel iron or by flanching the peripheries
of the discs, or by welding the said peripheries together, or by other suitable
means.
If considered to be desirable, we may form the said discs with concentric corru-
gations.
RELATING TO FASTENERS FOR BALE TILS OR BANDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Terence Doherty at the Office of the
Commissioncis of Patents on the 31st January 1877
TERENCE DOHERTY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster
AND RELATING TO FASTENERS FOR BALE TILS OR BANDS"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention consists chiefly in a small bracket instead of the button at present
used in Egyptian cotton bales This button is dangerous to extract, therefore the
bale tie has to be cut each time, and is then useless
By my aangement the tie can be used over and over again The bracket
consists of a flat plate with a projecting hasp, on which the slots or button holes in
the ends of the ties fit The hasp is made long enough to project beyond the ties,
and a pin is pushed through a transverse hole in the projecting end The ties
piessing against the pin keep it fast in place, no matter how slack the latter may
ht the hole, a sharp tap with the hammer extracts it, and the two ends of the band
fly out The whole apparatus can be used for a second bale.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF GLASS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1877.
WILLIAM HENRY STEVENS, of Wordsley, near Stourbridge, in the County of
Worcester, Manager of Works. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR
ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF GLASS."
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after mentioned to "thread "
glass in an improved manner.
The machinery or apparatus I employ for this purpose consists substantially of
the following parts: Having provided a suitable bed plate and head stock, a
sufficient number of cog wheels of proper pitch and gearing are furnished, which
actuated by a winch or handle are for the purpose of driving a socket which holds
the blow pipe, and for the purpose also of giving the necessary rotatory motion to a
longitudinal screw, upon which a travelling saddle is caused to work over the bed
of the machine in a forward or backward direction, as may be required. This
saddle is for the purpose of holding the fork or forks, in which the "punty" iron
or irons are afterwards placed; and by preference, I employ two forks on the saine
saddle, that is to say, one placed opposite each other; or, as a further inodification
of my Invention, there may by enlarging these forks, or by some other mechanical
equivalent, be four or more forks on the same saddle, all of which may be employed
at one time to hold different punty irons to convey thread to the "bulb." Again,
the saddle upon which these forks are fixed may be so arranged as to be capable
of being adjusted at any desired height to suit the size of the bulb operated
upon
It must be understood that the pitch of the thread of glass placed by the punty
iron on the bulb (or in other words the regularity of the threads coiled upon the
glass) is due not to the pitch of the screw upon which the saddle travels, but to the
rotation of the socket which holds the blow pipe; the rotation of the said socket
being determined by the size and pitch of the series of cog wheels from which it
receives its motion, whilst the longitudinal screw which carries the saddle receives
direct action from the winch or handle, so that if the wheels were permanently
attached in the machine and one series of wheels alone used, it is evident that the

page_text: threading of the bulb would necessarily be always the same; but one of the most
important features of my Invention is that the driving and other wheels may be
varied at pleasure, so that an endless variety of threading may be performed by the
same machine.
Another feature of importance in connexion with this series of wheels is that 5
by a well known mechanical arrangement the socket before described may have at
pleasure either a right or left-hand motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES OR SPANNERS FOR GRIPPING AND TURNING PIPES AND OTHER BODIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lowe and Joseph Standring
Dronsfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March
1877.
JOHN LOWE, of Hollinwood, in the County of Lancaster, Gas Manager, and
JOSEPH STANDRING DRONSFIELD, of Oldham, in the same County, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES OR SPANNERS FOR GRIPPING AND TURNING PIPES
AND OTHER BODIES."
Our Invention rolates principally to the appliances ordinarily known by the
designation of pipe wrenches, and which are employed in the screwing and un-
screwing of pipes, tubes, and pipe fittings, as, for example, in the connection and
disconnection of gas tubing.
Appliances constructed in accordance with our Invention may also be employed
in the turning, or screwing and unscrewing of nuts or other bodies. In our
improved wrenches the part which grips the pipe is formed with a pair of jaws,
the two jaws inclining towards the point of connection with the handle so that the
outer part or mouth of the jaws is the widest part thereof.
The inner surface of one jaw is serrated; on the other jaw a sliding block or piece
is mounted, and the inner surface of this block is also serrated, the teeth on the
said block being opposed to the teeth on the opposite jaw; the said teeth are by
preference inclined in a similar manner to ordinary saw teeth so as to hold or bite
when moved in one direction. The teeth on the jaw and the teeth on the said
block are inclined in opposite directions. When the wrench is applied to a pipe,
and the handle is acted upon by the operator, the said block slides on the jaw and
thereby tightens the jaws upon the pipe, the teeth taking hold of the said pipe,
whereby the pipe is firmly gripped and may be turned to screw or unscrew as the
ease may be. When the direction of movement is reversed the said block slides
down and releases the pipe. The jaw upon which the said block is mounted is
formed with grooves or ribs, or with both, to retain the said block upon the said
jaw, and suitable provision is also made to prevent the said block from sliding off
the said jaw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OF WAR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Baillic at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1877.
ROBERT BAILLIE, of the London Yard, Isle of Dogs, in the County of Middle-
sex, Ship Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OF WAR."
My Invention has reference to the construction of ships of war in order to adapt
them for the use of heavy guns, and consists in the combination of three hulls
fastened together, and carrying on them a platform on which are fitted circular
turrets, which are capable of being moved together round a pivot or centre fixed
on or in the said platform, and also of being moved on their respective axes as
required or left fixed. The top of the hulls is about five feet above the water line.
The centre hull is longer and wider than the two outer outer ones, which correspond
in size. The three hulls are firmly secured together by means of wrought-iron bulk-
heads constructed in the usual manner, or any other mode to give strength, and
may be fixed at a distance of from ten to fifteen feet apart, thereby forming a broad
base for the platform to insure its steadiness in carrying heavy guns.
Each hull is fitted with a separate engine or engines, boiler or boilers, and screw
propeller or propellers. Below the platform there are spaces between the hulls, in
which spaces the bulkheads are fixed transversely from hull to hull, thereby forming
a solid structure throughout.
The lower part of the platform or structure supported by the hulls is made to
form the citadel or fortification, above which is a breastwork round the bottom
part of the turrets, and extending from turret to turret.
The mode of constructing ships of war above stated is intended to be substituted
for circular ships or floating batteries in one hull, giving the advantage of increased
steadiness of platform or foundation for carrying heavy guns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR COMBING SILK, WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, Tow, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1877. A communication from
abroad by Edmond Dufour and Taylor Burrows, at present residing at Lille, in
the Republic of France.
JOHN GUY WILSON, of the City of Manchester, Mechanical Engineer and Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR COMBING SILK, WOOL, COTTON, FLAX,
Tow, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBRES." A communication from abroad by Edmond Dufour
and Taylor Burrows, at present residing at Lille, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for combing silk, wool, cotton,
flax, tow, jute, or other fibres. By this improvement both ends of the fibre are
combed in an identical manner by means of a transfer of the fibre from a first cercle
(circle) on which one end has been combed, and depositing same on a second cercle
(circle) when the other end of the fibre is combed, after which it is drawn off in the
usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Goodfellow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1877.
JACOB GOODFELLOW, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC PISTONS."
My Invention relates to the metallic pistons employed principally in steam
engines. In certain descriptions of pistons which have been in use previous to my
Invention split rings formed of cast iron have been pressed outwards by internal
helical rings.
According to my said Invention I dispense with the said outer rings and I
employ two helically cut rings, one within the other. The outer surface of the
outer ring works in contact with the cylinder in which the piston is fitted to work.
One ring is cut with a right-hand spiral cut, and the other ring with a left-hand
cut. The spiral cut in each ring does not extend entirely around the said ring. I
have obtained good results from a ring cut with a spiral cut extending around
about two-thirds of the circumference of the ring, the remaining third, or there-
abouts, being uncut, but I do not confine myself to these proportions.
In same cases I make the rings tapering in cross section; that is to say, I bore
the outer ring conically, and I turn the inner ring conically to correspond.
Although I prefer that the said spiral cut in each ring shall not extend entirely
around the ring I do not intend to confine myself to this particular system of
cutting; and if preferred or considered to be more suitable in any case or for any
reason, a spiral cut extending more than once around the ring, or even making two
turns or more than two turns around the ring, may be employed.
Although I have referred to the application of the said piston to steam engines
more particularly I do not confine myself to such application, as pistons constructed
in the manner indicated may be used as air pump buckets, and are also applicable
for other purpose wherein metallic pistons are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND PROCESSES EMPLOYED FOR TREATING AND PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bolleter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1877.
HENRY BOLLETER, of Foley Street, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS AND PROCESSES EMPLOYED FOR TREATING AND PRESERVING ANIMAL
SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means and processes for
preserving animal substances for use as food. For this purpose the meat (or animal
substances) to be preserved is cut into slices of from one to two inches thick, and
sprinkled over with a small quantity of common salt, or if desired with a mixture
of a small compound of nitre and salt, say, one-tenth of nitre (or in the absence of
these substances the meat is simply dipped in clear water). It is then laid on a
metal grating or gridiron, and placed in a closed vessels or chambers, to which heat
is applied by steam to a temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit or thereabouts,
according to the nature or quality of the meat or animal substance, for about 12 to
15 minutes or thereabouts, by which means the water or other fluids are expelled
from the meat, and being converted into steam are subsequently drawn off in the
form of water or fluid from the bottom of the vessel or chamber without abstracting
any portion of the nutriment of the meat.
After the meat has been in the chamber or vessel for the period above specified
the chamber or vessels are opened, and the water remaining let off, and the meat or
substance is allowed a minute or two to cool, thereby closing the pores thereof.
The meat or animal substance is now ready for putting into the tins. At the
bottom of each tin is placed a small quantity of gelatine or melted suet (the former
of which is manufactured by boiling down the refuse parts of the animals not used
for preserving) in the usual way.
The meat or animal substance is then packed in tins, and the lids are soldered
down, a small hole being left in the centre of the lid.
The tins are then exposed to a heat of 160 degrees Fahrenheit or upwards in order
to drive out the air before hermetically sealing the tins, as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT SOAP
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Simon at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1877. A communication from
abroad by Adolf Loeb, of Frankfort /, in the German Empire.
HENRY SIMON, Consulting Engineer, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT SOAP."
[A communication from abroad by Adolf Loeb, of Frankfort om, in the German
Empire.]
m>
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved soft soap containing, in
addition to the usual fatty matters, borax, binoxalate of potash, soapwort, pipe-clay,
sal ammoniac, and turpentine, whereby a cheap soap is produced, very economical
and efficaceous in its use, and particularly applicable for manufactories of woolen
goods, cotton mills, bleaching and scouring works, whitewashing, and the like.
For the above purpose, for the manufacture of about 220 lbs. of the soap, 9 lbs. of
soapwort are boiled in 22 gallons of water, which is then passed through a sieve.
In 13 gallons of this decoction while hot are dissolved 62 lbs. of slaked lime, and in
the remaining 9 gallons, also while hot, are dissolved 9 lbs. of borax, 26 lbs. of potash,
and 2.2 lbs. of bixoxalate of potash. This solution is then poured slowly into the
first-named decoction, and the mixture is boiled until the lye is found to be sufficiently
caustic. The whole is again passed through a sieve, and then boiled gently with
66 lbs. of fixed oils until thick bubbles rise, and the soap assumes the required
floeculent condition. To this are then mixed 96 lbs. of pulverized pipe-clay, free
from iron, 13 lbs. of rosin, and 13 lbs. of Iceland moss, which has been previously
boiled down and passed through a sieve. This mixture is then allowed to boil
slowly until thick bubbles rise and all ingredients have thoroughly combined,
whereupon it is allowed to cool; and, lastly, at the time of packing for transport,
Prine 31

page_text: 6.6 lbs. of sal ammoniac and 2.2 lbs. of pure turpentine are mixed up with 220 lbs.
of the soap.
The packing for transport is by preference effected in well-closed wooden cases,
which are coated inside and outside with waterglass or silicate of soda, a sheet of
vegetable parchment being placed on the soap before putting on the lid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CAST IRON IN ORDER TO EFFECT ITS PURIFICATION
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1877.
WILLIAM BAKER, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF CAST IRON IN ORDER TO EFFECT ITS PURIFICATION."
This Invention relates to the treatment of cast iron when in a molten condition
in order to effect the entire or partial separation of the phosphorous contained
therein, and consists in the employment of carbonic acid, which, by being injected
into or by being brought into contact with the molten cast iron, will effect the
separation in part or, practically, entirely of the phosphorous contained in the
impure cast iron.
In carrying out this Invention, I cause carbonic acid to be injected or passed into,
or to be brought in contact with the fluid molten cast iron, such carbonic acid being,
by preference, in a gaseous form, and I prefer to submit the molten cast iron to the
action of carbonic acid before it has been subjected to the action of air for the
purpose of decarburization, as, for example, when subjected to the Bessemer process;
or the carbonic acid may be injected into or passed through molten cast iron, either
when contained in the blast furnace or in any other melting apparatus.
The carbonic acid to be employed for the purposes before mentioned may be
obtained either in a pure or in a practically pure state by the action of an acid,
such, for example, as hydrochloric acid upon a carbonate, such, for example, as
carbonate of lime; or it may be obtained in an impure condition by the burning of
limestone or carbonate of lime in conjunction with fuel, or of fuel or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Tweedale and Joseph Smalley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1877.
EDMUND TWEEDALE, Manager, and JOSEPH SMALLEY, Machinery Salesman, both
of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING YARN."
This Invention relates to the class of machinery aforesaid, in which the "ring
flyer" and "traveller" are employed, and the object of the Invention is to expedite
the doffing and re-starting the machine by providing apparatus and means which
self-actingly engage the "end" or thread with the empty bobbins placed in position
on starting the machine.
When the bobbins are full the traverse rail is caused to descend lower than
ordinary, so that a small quantity of yarn will be wound upon a stationary "collar "
or "tube;" the full bobbin is then doffed or removed. On an empty bobbin being
placed on the spindles and the lifter rail ascending, carrying the end or thread in
line with and about midway the length of the bobbin, the end wrapped round the
collar is caught by a notch or slit formed in the base of the bobbin, and the yarn
is held in position for and is wound upon the bobbin on starting the machine.
There is a falling tension rod for keeping the ends at a proper tension during the
replacing the bobbins and re-starting the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIDING, DRIVING, AND WHIPS." OTHER Whalebone
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shammon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1877.
WILLIAM SHAMMON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIDING, DRIVING, AND
WHIPS."
OTHER
Whalebone having become so scarce and dear as to cause its disuse in many
instances, the object of this Invention is to substitute steel or other wire for whale-
bone in the manufacture of all kinds of whips that are spliced with cane or the
like.
In carrying this Invention into practice, I take one or more pieces of steel or
other wire cut to the requisite length and of the desired thickness suited to the
kind of whip required. The said wire is then covered or coated with flax or other
similar material; I then add thereto splicings of cane or other suitable material,
saturate the same with wax, and pull it tight with cords or otherwise, as usual.
This rough production is then shaved down to the required size and shape and
covered with gut, thread, twine, or the like, in the usual way.
Steel or other suitable wire will be found as durable, pliant, and if properly
worked, to contain all the best qualities of whalebone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK NUTS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fletcher Wiles, of Sun Court, Cornhill, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK NUTS"
led the 23rd March 1877, and dated the 30th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fletcher Wiles at the
Office of the Commissioncis of Patents on the 30th January 1877
JOHN FLETCHER WILLS, of Sun Court, Cornhill, in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN Lock NUTS"
The Invention has for its object improvements in lock nuts, and relates to means
for preventing the nut Janing or working loose on the bolt, and at the same time
preserve the present exterior form of the nut and bolt For this purpose I form an
annular or other shaped chamber or recess in the nut, either at one end or inter-
mediate of the two ends thereof In this chamber or recess, which is a little deeper
than the thread, is fitted or spiung a spring dog or catch, the ends of which are
formed with angular or cutting edges, one of such ends being turned inwaids to
bear on the thread of the bolt, whilst the other is turned outwards to bear against
the side of the chamber or recess in the nut By these means the nut can be readily
tightened by screwing it up on the bolt, as the spring dog or catch offers no
resistance to the motion of the nut in this direction, but considerable force 18
required to unscrew oi loosen the same, as the tendency in such case is for one end
of the spring dog or catch to dig into the thread of the sciew, and for the other end
to dig into the side of the chamber or recess in the nut
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR AIR AND VACUUM BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1877. A com-
munication from abroad by William Stevens, of New York, in the United
States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COUPLINGS FOR AIR AND VACUUM BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS." A communication
from abroad by William Stevens, of New York, in the United States of
America.
The Invention consists in the combination with the male and female part of the
coupling of the air pipe between the adjoining cars of a plug valve, with a one-
armed plug for each, furnished with a counter connected hook for each, and springs
and locking projections for each, so that while the cars are connected and the air
pipe coupling intact, said valves are held and locked, affording a free passage through
them for the proper operation of the brake; but by the disconnection and motion
apart of the cars said plugs and valves are automatically unlocked and turned,
thereby closing the escape and passage of air through them, such unlocking and
turning being caused by the engagement of the said arms of said plug valves with
their opposite attached hooks before the entire uncoupling of the male and female
part takes place, and consequent loss of pressure or vacuum of air in the pipe,
whereby the great convenience of the coupling being in readiness for recoupling at
any time, is secured.
The various parts may be of metal, the arms and hooks of the plug valves and
their springs may be proportionately, according to the strength desired and the
distance between the male and female part of the tube coupling, the object being
to hermetically seal the tube in or by the act of uncoupling or dividing it.