matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Woodward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1877.
WILLIAM SAMUEL WOODWARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
This Invention refers to the method of locking and unlocking the action of a
breech-loader working upon the snap principle, and also to the method of attaching
and detaching the fore arm or fore end from the barrels.
For locking and releasing the parts of the arm I employ a top lever working
downwards through the action, and operating upon a dog or crank piece placed in
the body of the action and in connection with the bolt, which bolt is governed by
a coiled spring enclosed in a shell sunk in the head of the stock. This spring
drives the bolt, which is a slotted double one, and which, engaging in the grips on
the lump or steel of the barrels, securely locks the parts. By pressing down the
top lever with the thumb, the bolt is released from the grips, and the parts can be
detached.
The improvements referring to the fore arm or fore end consist in the employment
of a coiled spring driving a horizontal bolt sunk in the wood of the fore arm or
fore end, and thus avoiding the usual transverse bolt.
The bolt is furnished with a thumb piece working through the under side of the
wood of the fore arm or fore end, by which thumb piece the bolt is released from
its catch when it is required to take off the barrels, or instead of the thumb piece
& rod passing through the fore arm or fore end to the end may be employed to work
the bolt.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FASTENERS FOR STAYS AND CORSETS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred John Heys at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1877.
ALFRED JOHN HEYS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Salesman.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FASTENERS FOR STAYS AND
CORSETS,"
My Invention consists in the employment of elastic metal plates bent to the
required shape to which the stays or corsets are attached in the usual manner,
but in place of employing the use of studs on the one plate and loops on the
other, I have on each end of one of the plates a metal socket constructed to
receive the respective ends of the other plate in such manner that when the stay
or corset has been adjusted to the person, it is then fastened and secured by
placing either end of the last-named plate into its corresponding socket, and
slightly bending such plate until the reverse end enters the other socket, when,
being liberated, it will slip into its place, the elastic nature of the metal firmly
holding the whole secure, and thus making the fastening complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis George Fleury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1877.
FRANCIS GEORGE FLEURY, of 27, Gt. George St., Westminster, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS."
This Invention has for its object the improvements in ventilators whereby they
can be rendered self-acting so as to open or close at a required temperature without
any assistance or regulating. This is accomplished by means of one or more coils
of metal, having another coil (attached thereto) of a different metal, preference
being given to those metals whose difference of expansion is greatest for the same
degree of heat; one end of this coil being fastened to the frame of the ventilator,
the other can be attached, either direct or by means of a lover or levers, to the
valvo or cover, which will thereby open or close, according to the expansion or
contraction of the said coil or coils.
AN IMPROVED CONTINUOUS ROTARY MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1877 A communi-
cation from abroad by Joseph Antoine Poncet, of Pais, un the Republic of
Fiance
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineci "AN IMPROVED CONTINUOUS ROTARY
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE" A communication from abroad by Joseph Antoine Poncet,
of Paris, in the Republic of France
The Invention which forms the subject of the present Invention is fixed on a
suitable fianung which support bearings in which are mounted three shafts The
main shaft carries a fly wheel, on which is fixed a large toothed wheel with internal
teeth, which gear into and drive a smaller toothed wheel on a second or crank shaft
provided with two clanks set at night angles to each othci, so as to avoid dead
points This shaft, by means of a pan of connecting rods, drives a second crank
shaft, upon which is fixed a ratchet wheel The fly wheel shaft carries one or more
projecting levers or aims, which are carried round with it, and antifiiction rollers
o1 bowls at the end of these arms (as the shaft notates) come against and lift the
ends of a balanced lever mounted loosely on the second ciank shaft. This balanced
level is commanded by a spung, the tension of which may be regulated by a screw,
and immediately the end of the balanced level 18 released from the 1otating arms on
the main shaft the spring will diaw down the balanced lover into its original
position The boss or hub of this balanced lever carries a click or pawl, which
takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel, so that every time the level is lifted up
the pawl will pass over the ratchet teeth, and when the sping pulls down the
balanced level the pawl will dive round the ratchet wheel, and with it the crank
shaft on which it is fixed This canked shaft in its turn transmits its motion by
means of the connecting rods to the other clank shaft, and through the toothed
geaning rotary motion is imparted to the fly wheel shaft
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Neale May at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1877.
CHARLES NEALE MAY, of the Firm of Brown and May, of Devises, in the County
of Wilts, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE ENGINES."
My Invention relates to what are known as portable engines, in which a boiler of
the horizontal type or class, with cylinders and accessories, is mounted on wheels,
and it consists in the combination with the engine as an integral part thereof of
hoisting gear so arranged as to be brought into, maintained in, and thrown out
of action by means of frictional gearing or frictional clutches with or without the
aid of toothed gearing.
According to one mode of carrying out my Invention I mount at the end of the
smoke box a barrel with the usual or other suitable hoisting gear or tackle, and I
arrange frictional gear or frictional clutches in connection therewith in such a
manner that by the act of moving a lever or levers in one direction the gear will be
caused to engage, and motion thus imparted to the barrel in order to raise the load,
whilst by moving the lever or levers in the opposite direction the gear will be
disengaged and the load lowered, or the motion will be arrested and the
load held in suspension according to the distance to which the lever or levers are
moved.
According to another mode of carrying out my Invention I employ in com-
bination with frictional gearing or frictional clutches toothed gearing upon what is
known as the sun-and-planet principle, the arrangement being such that by bringing
a frictional clutch or brake into action, motion is transmitted through spur gearing
to the barrel, and the load either raised or lowered as the case may be.
I prefer to arrange the hoisting gear at the smoke box end of the engine as before
mentioned, but it may be placed at any other part which according to circumstances
may be deemed more suitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INLAYING AND DECORATING HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, ARTICLES OF VIRTU AND ORNAMENT, AND OTHER FANCY ARTICLES AND GOODS, AND WHETHER MADE OF METAL, WOOD, GLASS, PORCELAIN, LEATHER, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Wittmann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1877.
SIDNEY WITTMANN, of Great Marlborough Street, London, Foreign Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INLAYING AND DECORATING HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, ARTICLES
OF VIRTU AND ORNAMENT, AND OTHER FANCY ARTICLES AND GOODS, AND WHETHER
MADE OF METAL, WOOD, GLASS, PORCELAIN, LEATHER, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
This Invention of improvements in inlaying and decorating household furniture,
articles of virtu, and ornamental and other fancy articles and goods, and whether
made of metal, wood, glass, porcelain, leather, or other substances, consists of inlaying,
ornamenting and decorating all such articles with a material new for that purpose,
videlicet, iridescent glass.
Iridescent glass, which reflects the prismatic colors, is produced by boiling glass
in a bath or solution of muriatic acid under pressure of several atmospheres. It may
be moulded or cut in a variety of elegant forms and shapes, and can be cut as a rose
or brilliant-faced diamond. The use of this new inlaying material in connexion
with ornamental furniture, such as ebony and other fancy wood, produces novel and
pleasing effects.
Besides inlaying and decorating furniture, it is applicable to picture frames,
mirror and glass frames, albums, table ornaments, et cetera.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAM CARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Llewellyn Light and Henry
Merryweather at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
October 1877.
CHARLES LLEWELLYN LIGHT, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, and HENRY MERRYWEATHER, of the Firm of Merryweather and Sons,
Engineers, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAM
CARS."
This Invention of improvements in tram cars is designed for the production of
light and durable vehicles, such as may be worked with an economical expenditure
of tractive force.
To give strength and rigidity to the car body, and prevent "hogging" thereof, it
is constructed with metallic under framing, trussed by means of struts and tie rods
arranged longitudinally under the seats to vacilitate starting, and reduce the strain
on the horse or other tractive agent. Springs and recoil rings are interposed between
the draw bars and the frame or body, so that in moving the vehicle the draw bars
operate through the springs, and in stopping through the recoil rings.
To allow of endwise movement of the axles (lateral play of the bearings) when
travelling on curved lines, the axle journals are of sinaller diameter at or near their
centres than at their respective ends; the diameter increases towards each end; the
bearings are made shorter than the journals, and of corresponding form, so that when
travelling over curves the bearings may be slightly raised by passing up the inclined
surfaces of the journals; and on a straight part of the road being reached the weight
of the carriage body will cause the bearings and axles to automatically resume their
normal relative positions.
To further economise tractive power the wheels are loose upon their axles, between
which and the interior surfaces of the wheel naves or hubs are interposed anti-
friction rollers, kept at suitable distances apart, with their axes parallel to the axes
of the axles they surround by means of carrier plates secured to the naves or hubs
of the wheels.
To enable the vehicle to be readily stopped without undue wear and tear of the
wheel treads and flanges, metallic strap brakes or blocks and actuating gear are

page_text: arranged to operate in connection with friction drums or surfaces fixed to or formed
with one or more of the wheels, or where the wheels are not free to rotate indepen-
dently of the axles the drums may be fixed on the axles.
°
The improvements above described may obviously be carried out in various forms,
and it will be evident that the whole of the improvements may be used together, or 5
that some one or more of them may be applied without the others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Booth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1877.
BENJAMIN BOOTH, of Armitage Bridge Mills, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Carding Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBRES."
The object of this Invention is to clean the cards of swifts and doffers employed
in scribbling and carding wool and other fibres, and the improvements consist in
the employment of an additional roller running in contact with the swift, or may
be so placed as to run in contact with both the swift and doffer at the same time.
This roller may be wholly covered with card teeth, or it may have strips of cards
placed at intervals thereon, and arranged to run or work deeply into the card teeth
of the swift and doffer so as to uproot the dirt from underneath the fibre to the
top of the card teeth in order that the dirt may fall underneath the machine and
the cards be kept constantly clean. This additional roller may be covered with
hardened tempered steel wire teeth or any other kind of teeth most suitable for the
purpose, and in some cases this roller may be stationary instead of revolving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTINGUISHING THE LIGHT IN THE EVENT OF THE SAME BEING OVERTURNED, AND THUS PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS AND OTHER ACCIDENTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Notley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1877.
WILLIAM NOTLEY, of 107, Great Suffolk Street, in the Borough of Southwark,
and County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
EXTINGUISHING THE LIGHT IN THE EVENT OF THE SAME BEING OVERTURNED,
AND THUS PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS AND OTHER ACCIDENTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
OTHER PURPOSES."
A double appliance which can be affixed to both sides of cotton tubes of all kinds
of flat wick burners for oil lamps, one of which, when the lamp is removed in any
degree out of the perpendicular falls over the cotton tube and at once extinguishes
the light. It can be made of any kind of metal, but preferably of brass, of any
convenient size to suit the various descriptions of oil lamps, and consists of two
semicircular cylinders, weighted at opposite sides, and acting on each side of the
cotton tube without spring or leverage, and each independent of the other, and so
arranged as to extinguish the light, as before indicated, and thus to prevent explosions
and accidents arising from the upsetting of said lamps.
The above-named double appliance is also fitted with a lever acting on the
cylinders, also above named, from the outside of burner, which lever consists of a
round ring fitted with guides made of any kind of metal, but preferably of brass,
which on the lamp being removed out of the perpendicular acts upon the lever, and
so closes the above-named cylinders, and by that means extinguishes the light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS OR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING BEERS AND OTHER LIKE LIQUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Evans Lascelles at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1877.
CHARLES THOMAS EVANS LASCELLES, of Somerville Road, Peckham, in the County
of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH APPARATUS OR VESSELS
FOR CONTAINING BEERS AND OTHER LIKE LIQUIDS."
The object of this Invention is to form vessels of any size, but with parallel sides,
and to insert plungers or pistons therein, which may be weighted or not, as desired,
to press upon the liquids, not only to maintain their solidity, so to speak, but to
exert a pressure to assist the withdrawal without the necessity of a vent peg or
other appliances, by which air can be permitted to enter the vessel, but which acts
upon the liquid in an injurious manner.
In the case of beers and stouts which are now kept in bottles only, and corked up
to prevent the entrance of air, which would in many instances turn the liquid sour
and cause many inconveniences, and is very costly; the same is the case with
casks and like receptacles, from which liquids can only be drawn by the admission
of air.
.
Now by my Invention the plunger or piston, which is packed at the periphery,
fits the inside of the vessel, and prevents the entrance of air at all times to the
liquid, and exerts a pressure due to its weight, which facilitates the withdrawal and
the formation of the head upon the beer so much admired, and which is also a proof
of the quality and freshness of the liquid.
In some cases the piston or plunger has a guide rod working through a packed
aperture in the top or head of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1877. (A communication from
abroad by Carl Alfred Sundström, of Stockholm, Sweden, Engineer.)
66
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND
MOWING MACHINES." (A communication from abroad by Carl Alfred Sundström,
of Stockholm, Sweden, Engineer.)
According to this Invention the road wheels are loose on the axle but can be
connected thereto by causing a bent pawl lever at each wheel to fall with its tooth
into a pawl wheel fixed on the axle. The latter carries at or about its middle a
wheel formed with zig-zag rim projecting around its circumference. A lever fitted
with two rollers, one on each side of the said rim, and fixed or formed on a weigh
shaft, transmits reciprocating motion to the knives of the machine by means of a
lever and connecting rod. When the machine is to be put out of operation for trans-
port or otherwise, the pawl levers are drawn out of gear, thereby allowing the road
wheels to revolve without moving the acting part of the machine.
The wheel with the zig-zag rim, and also the weigh shaft, are enclosed in a
casing forming part of the framing for excluding sand, grit, and earth from these
parts of the machine.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING INDIA-RUBBER HOSE OR OTHER PIPES AND ENGINE PACKINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Eastham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1877.
ROBERT EASTHAM, of Leyland and Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and India-rubber Factor. "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING INDIA-RUBBER
HOSE OR OTHER PIPES AND ENGINE PACKINGS."
On the 11th day of February 1871, I, in connection with James Quin, did apply
for Letters Patent for " Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed
in the Manufacture of Hose and other Similar Piping," which was duly granted in
ordinary course, and were numbered 356.
My present Invention consists of further improvements on that apparatus,
whereby three times the quantity of work will be done in the same time with
considerably less power in proportion; I likewise dispense with all racks and
gearing on the top of the headstock. I provide a bed plate of suitable shape to
receive two pairs of bottom rollers, which I support by suitable friction rollers
underneath; on the centre of such bed and between the two pair of rollers I fix or
cast on the same at suitable distances, headstocks for supporting my centre or
fulcrum shaft, on which, at suitable distances likewise, I key or otherwise secure a
series of double levers, each end of which carries a top roller, such rollers being
correspondent in distance to the centres of or between the bottom rollers, so that
when the top rollers are brought down by the levers to the top of the bottom rollers
each side, such three rollers form a triangle. I likewise fix above the top rollers
suitable friction rollers to take frictional strain from the double levers.
The pipes are made in the usual way, but on each side of the machine, between
the triangular rollers, as before; thus a double machine is provided in nearly the
same space as our before-named Patent, and attended with very little labour, as
the two top rollers by their position counterpoise each other, being one at each end
of double levers keyed or otherwise fixed on to fulcrum or centre shaft; each side
therefore is worked alternately, that when one side is charged with material and
set to work the other top roller is out of the way of the attendant, who, while the
one side is rolling and making its pipe, he is preparing the other, so that he unkeys
the side, just having completed a pipe, lifts it out of the way; in doing so, down

page_text: comes the other side top roller on the other side, being ready for work, sets it in
motion, working another pipe while he removes the one just completed, and prepares
for another one. The racks and gearing for lifting the top roller out of the way
while discharging and charging is therefore not needed, nor the labour attendant,
nor is the time of the machine wasted, as one or the other side is always at work 5
or may be.
AN ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC METHOD OF RINGING BELLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Money at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1877.
FREDERICK JOHN MONEY, of No. 1, Marlborough Place, Brighton, Sussex, Doctor
of Medicine. "AN ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC METHOD OF RINGING BELLS."
A new combination of existing means, whereby the ringing of a bell and the
necessary indication of the place from which it was rung are effected more cheaply,
more simply, and with less liability to get out of order than by any contrivance
now in use.
I claim to combine the useful parts of the various electric and pneumatic systems
now in use, and to avoid the weak parts of each, which I take to be the following,
viz:-
A. In the electric bell systems, contact being made at the push knob, a double
length of insulated wire must reach from the push knob to the indicator; and this
is liable to defects of insulation. Moreover, there must be a separate magnetic coil
fitted to each indicator movement, as well as to the gong.
B. In the pneumatic systems (otherwise preferable) the present methods of
striking the gong all involve more or less expensive arrangements of rack work,
requiring delicate manufacture, and liable to get out of order.
C. In my electro-pneumatic apparatus I use a battery with magnetic coil for
striking the gong, but avoid the danger of non-insulation by making contact at the
indicator instead of at the push knob, employing for this purpose air forced through
a tube from the push knob to the indicator, which air by expanding small bellows
actuates a rod, making communication between the poles of the battery, and releasing
at the same time an indicating shutter previously thrown up by hand, and caught
on a hook projecting from the said rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS OR COVERS FOR GLASS BOTTLES, FLASKS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS VESSELS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Ellis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1877.
CLEMENT ELLIS, of the Firm of Ellis, Allan, & Company, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Glass Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS
OR COVERS FOR GLASS BOTTLES, FLASKS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS VESSELS, AND IN
THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR EFFECTING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to improvements in glass, porcelain, china, or earthenware
caps or covers for screwing on to the mouths or necks of bottles, flasks, jars, or
other analogous vessels for containing spirituous or other liquids, preserved fruits or
food, perfumery or chemical substances, and it consists essentially in forming an
internal screw thread in such caps by and during the process of moulding, in con-
tradistinction to having a screw thread formed in them by the expensive subsequent
process of cutting.
The moulding tool by which the hollow caps are formed may be of the most
simple construction generally, but for the purpose of carrying out this Invention
it is formed with a screw thread round its lower end or neck, the thread extending
up the shank as far as may be deemed necessary for any desired length of neck of
the cap to be formed. When the glass is poured or run into the ordinary hollow
mould, this tool is inserted or screwed into the glass, which in its fluid or semi-
fluid state takes into and fills the threads of the screw; and before the glass sets
or gets cold the tool is withdrawn by unscrewing it in the reverse or backward
direction to that of the screw threads, an exact counterpart of the screws on the
tool being thus left within the cup or cover.
By this simple and efficient means internally screwed caps or covers of glass,
porcelain, or similar plastic material can be made in quantity as cheaply as when
made plain, and the external screw being formed on the bottle or other vessel in
the ordinary way, these covers, when screwed on, form an air and liquid tight
joint without the use of cork or other lining, and will be of great advantage for
preserving the contents of bottles and jars chemically pure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL STIFFENINGS OR 'COUNTERS' OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Muir at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1877.
"
WILLIAM MUIR, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL STIFFENINGS OR 'COUNTERS' OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in those parts of boots or shoes
known as "counters or heel stiffenings, has for its object to impart thereto a more
perfect graduation of thinness from below upwards, and so as to secure more
uniform Hexibility throughout, whereby chafing or hurt to the heel of the wearer
is obviated.
In lieu of forming the "counters" in one piece of leather, and shaving or paring
them to the required degree, they are under this Invention formed of two or more
separate pieces of leather or leather board, which, after having been pared to the
necessary degree, are cemented or otherwise fastened together in successive layers
or laminations, which are so arranged that the various degrees of thickness and
flexibility are imparted at the proper places.
The skill hitherto required to pare the "counters"
or stiffenings is not necessary
under this Invention, by which also a more perfect graduation of thickness is
obtained and a cheaper material may be used.
"
When the layers of leather have been as aforesaid secured together, the " counter
is moulded to the required shape, a flange or edge being formed at its lower end
whereby to secure the counter to the insole of the boot or shoe. Thus all "counters"
made in any one mould fit the same last.
"
To render them impervious to water, the "counters may be dipped in paraffin,
wax, or other equivalent substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding and John Crossley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1877.
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
JOHN CROSSLEY, of Heywood, in the same County, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
.
Our Invention relates, in the first place, to the rods upon which the pickers slide,
and has for its object to prevent the overheating of the said rod or to lessen the
tendency of the rod to become beated. To this end we make the said rod hollow
instead of solid, that is to say, we employ a tubular rod and we form holes or
passages for the flow of air into the said tube. We prefer to drill or form holes in
the tubular rod near each end thereof, so that the picker, in its traverse, covers and
uncovers the said holes, and by its motion induces currents of air into and out of
the said rod.
Our Invention, in the second place, relates to the attachment of the picking band
to the picker, and consists in bolting or securing a rounded stud to the picker, and
in attaching the said band to the said stud; we prefer to form the said stud out of
wood by the operation of turning, and to form it with a flat shank which can be
bolted to the picker. The part of the said shank which bears upon the picker is
formed with two shoulders, between which shoulders the picker top enters, or a
projection on the said shank enters the slot in the top of the picker, or other
arrangements for increasing the firmness of the attachment may be adopted. The
said stud is turned in the form of a rounded knob or button so as to have little
wearing action on the picking band.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING LETTERS, BANK NOTES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS FROM DAMAGE BY SEA WATER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Buckle and Julius Salmon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1877.
JAMES BUCKLE, of Gravesend, in the County of Kent, and JULIUS SALMON, of
London Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING
LETTERS, BANK NOTES, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS FROM DAMAGE BY SEA
WATER."
Our Invention relates to improved means of protecting letters, bank notes, and
other documents from damage by prolonged submersion in sea water.
Our Invention is more particularly intended for postal correspondence to India,
Australia, and other places involving the transport of letters long distances by sea,
and it is designed to prevent the contents of mail bags being destroyed through the
wrecking of the mail steamer, as it not unfrequently happens that the corre-
spondence, when recovered with much difficulty and expense, after a prolonged
submersion in sea water is found to have become reduced to the condition of pulp,
and therefore valueless.
The Invention consists chiefly in an envelope possessing absolute waterproof
qualities, and which may be subjected to the constant action of sea water for an
almost indefinite time without the condition of its contents being in the slightest
degree affected.
The Invention will therefore prove of great value to bankers and commercial men
by affording a sure means of preserving letters, bank notes, drafts, and other docu-
ments under the conditions above mentioned.
The letters or other documents are first enclosed in an ordinary envelope addressed
as usual, and then enclosed in a second envelope of white glazed lining, which is in
turn enclosed in an outer envelope of oiled silk, the flaps being hermetically sealed
around the edges with a cement, composed of white shellac and methylated spirits,
which is proof against the action of sea water, and thus preserves the contents in a
perfectly dry condition.
The inner glazed lining serves to prevent the cement used from adhering to the
inside paper envelope, and thus rendering it liable to damage in removing the oiled
DJI

page_text: silk case, which is effected by inserting a knife at one corner and cutting it open
along the edges.
The inner glazed lining also affords a support to the thin oil-skin envelope, and
retains it in shape.
The oiled silk envelope is to bear an address, either written or pasted on the
outside (or inside) thereof, and even in the event of this becoming obliterated
by the action of the water, the address on the inner envelope remains uninjured,
and can be ascertained by removing the outer waterproof case.
PROVEMENTS IN SPRING SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy James Lees Bolland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1877.
PERCY JAMES LEES BOLLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN SPRING SAFETY VALVES."
"IM-
In spring safety valves as ordinarily constructed it requires a considerable area of
valve with an overhanging lip outside that, to give the necessary amount of relief.
This area also requires a very powerful spring to keep it down. Now my Invention
is designed with a view to lessen this area and the size of the spring without
decreasing the efficiency, and thus also to lessen cost and weight of the valve
materially.
It consists,-
1st. In making the valve seat annular, and forming the valve with an interior
bell or chamber instead of the exterior "lip" generally used. The valve and seat
have two bearing surfaces each, the seat being of annular form, both the inner and
outer circles of contact allowing of escape of steam on the valve lifting. The valve
has an internal chamber open at the bottom; into this chamber the steam passes
from the inside circular outlet of seat to the escape chamber by apertures made
through the valve shell; these apertures are so proportioned to the internal circular
outlet on valve seat that sufficient pressure may be brought to bear on the under
side of the internal valve chamber to resist the increased pressure due to the com-
pression of the spring. By duly proportioning the holes in the chamber for the
escape of steam and the width of the annular seat, a lift or rather an area of escape
may be obtained at the inner and outer circles of contact together equal to the area
of the annular opening in the valve seat, and thus the maximum of efficiency be
obtained with the minimum of size spring and other parts.
2nd. Round the upper part of the circular spring barrel I place a brass bush or
ring with holes to prise it up by should it stick fast; over this I fit the cap with
nothing but the lifting cotter projecting through it; the lifting lever then lifts up
the entire cap. Two projecting horns on the cap enable it to be turned round, and
so turn the valve on its seat.
UTILIZING THE UNCONSUMED GASSES, SMOKE, AND HEAT IN A FURNACE BY THE ADDITION OF FLUES AND A STEAM OR AIR JET FROM THE NECK OR ROOF OF THE FURNACE, OR BOTH, WHICH FES WILL H FU BRIDGE OR OTHER CONVENIENT PART, THUS SAVING FUEL, CONSUMING SMOKE, AND GETTING A GREATER AMOUNT OF HEAT FROM THE ORIGINAL FUEL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Naylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1877.
WILLIAM NAYLOR, of Penistone, in the County of York, Forge Manager.
"UTILIZING THE UNCONSUMED GASSES, SMOKE, AND HEAT IN A FURNACE BY THE
ADDITION OF FLUES AND A STEAM OR AIR JET FROM THE NECK OR ROOF OF
THE FURNACE, OR BOTH, WHICH FLUES WILL RETURN THE GASSES, SMOKE, AND
HEAT INTO THE FURNACE AT THE BRIDGE OR OTHER CONVENIENT PART, THUS
SAVING FUEL, CONSUMING SMOKE, AND GETTING A GREATER AMOUNT OF HEAT
FROM THE ORIGINAL FUEL."
By adding flues and a steam or air jet from the neck or roof of the furnace, or
both, which flues will return the gases, smoke, and heat into the furnace at the
bridge or other convenient part, thus saving fuel, consuming smoke, and getting a
greater amount of heat from the original fuel.
This Invention when applied to a pair of furnaces will take the gasses, smoke,
and heat out of one furnace into the other, and then return them into the first,
thus causing a circulation of the gasses, smoke, and heat through the two, or in
fact any number of furnaces which may be connected by the flues.
The leading features are economy of fuel, consumption of smoke, and the utiliza-
tion of impure gasses, which would otherwise escape into the atmosphere and
pollute it.
A furnace with tbis Invention attached can be worked with slack instead of the
best hard coal, which is now generally used in furnaces, thus again saving expense;
and with a small fire-grate the saine results. can be produced as at present with a
large one.
The furnaces now generally in use can have this Invention applied by a very
small outlay.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR " WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harold Lee, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR
"
WEAVING."
Sealed the 23rd November 1877, and dated the 22nd September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harold Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1877.
HAROLD LEE, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster.
CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
This Invention relates to the construction of power looms used for leno or cross
weaving, the object of the Invention being to cross a larger number of threads than
has hitherto been practicable in such looms, and consequently to produce a style of
leno weaving not previously attainable.
The principal feature of the Invention consists in placing the "doup healds"
immediately in front of the reed instead of between the reed and the ordinary
healds as hitherto invariably practised. By this means I am enabled to cross two
or more "dents" at a time, and consequently to obtain a wide range of patterns
In order to make room for the healds at this part instead of placing the reed
immediately at the back of the shuttle race, I fix it further back than usual by
means of brackets; and to allow the reed to beat up to the usual point I increase
the throw of the cranks.
In order to keep the shuttle in its place on the shuttle race I employ a rail pro-
vided with a series of vertical pointed pins or pegs which pass through the yarn
and prevent the shuttle from falling off at the back of the race where the reed
is usually placed; and in order to allow the reed to beat up the weft this rail is so

page_text: mounted that it can be lowered so as to withdraw these pins or pegs as the slay
beats up, and raised again as the slay recedes. The rail is lowered by means of
bowls which come into contact with inclined planes as the slay advances, and is
raised up again by means of springs. The doup healds beat up with the reed
and are drawn back again out of the shed by means of a rod attached to the
slay.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED CUTTER TO BE EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOLLEN, COTTON, AND OTHER LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by John Hanson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1877.
JOHN HANSON, of Folly Hall, Huddersfield, in the County of York. "A. NEW
OR IMPROVED CUTTER TO BE EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOLLEN,
COTTON, AND OTHER LOOPED FABRICS."
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the knife or cutter at present
employed in machinery or apparatus for cutting looped fabrics; this knife or cutter
having hitherto been made of steel has soon become dull and required re-
sharpening.
My Invention consists in the use and employment of a diamond or other precious
stone in lieu of the steel knife for cutting looped fabrics. The diamond may be
fixed in the guide or holder of such machinery by pins and wedges or other suitable
means, and is equally applicable to the apparatus or instrument employed by "hand
cutters."
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING TEA
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jonas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1877. A communication from
abroad by George Reid, of Noakacharee, Assam, India.
JOHN JONAS, of No. 155, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING TEA." A communication from abroad by
George Reid, of Noakacharee, Assam, India.
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for breaking tea.
In some descriptions of tea, more especially of such as are grown in India, and
which contain leaves of large size, it is desirable in preparing the tea for the market
to break or divide the large leaves into smaller pieces, but the production of powdered
tea or tea dust must be as far as possible avoided.
According to this Invention a revolving barrel having pins or teeth inserted into
it is employed, and as the barrel revolves, these teeth pass between other stationary
teeth. The tea is caused to pass down between the teeth which are set at such a
distance apart that the larger leaves are liable to hang between two of the stationary
teeth, and then the teeth on the barrel break the leaves which are thus retained,
whilst the smaller leaves escape.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1877.
18
CHARLES YOUNG, of 18, Jordan Bank, Edinburgh, North Britain. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES."
The object of iny Invention is to combine the best qualities of the English
register grate with those of the American stove.
In constructing my improved stoves or fire-places I cover over, by preference
in a line with the mantel piece, the usual opening to the chimney, and I place the
stove or grate in front of this cover, so that it stands out beyond the mantel piece.
There is a hole in the said cover to give passage to the flue, and between the cover
and the inside of the stove or grate is a space forming an air chamber. One or
more apertures (which may if desired communicate with the outside of the building)
allow air to enter this chamber at the lower part, while perforations in the upper
part and sides of the stove permit the air, after having been heated by the back of
the grate or fire-box, which should be made of fire-brick, to escape from the said
chamber into the room or apartment. The heated air cannot pass into the
chimney, as there is no communication therewith, except the flue, from the stove
or grate, as before described.
With my improved stoves or fire-places I obtain a much greater amount of heat
in proportion to the fuel consumed than with stoves or fire-places of the ordinary
construction, the cheerfulness of an open fire being at the same time retained. The
stove is also provided with a blower and damper.
AN IMPROVED SPRING FASTENER FOR SOLITAIRES, PURSES, POUCHES, BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Tinworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1877.
THOMAS EDWARD TINWORTH, of Prebend Street, Packington Street, Islington.
"AN IMPROVED SPRING FASTENER FOR SOLITAIRES, PURSES, POUCHES, BAGS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES."
The object of this Invention is the production of a spring fastening specially
adapted for solitaires, purses, pouches, bags, &c. When this fastening is made as a
solitaire for shirts, and generally for fastening articles of dress, its use is unac-
companied by the usual crumpled and soiled appearance of the material of which
the article is composed, and in all cases this fastening is suitable where certainty
and facility of action, and security of the fastening is an object. For this purpose
I make a small hollow cylinder, open at the top and closed at the bottom, with the
exception of two small slots or perforations in the same. Through these slots I
slide the parallel shanks of a pair of jaws or nippers, the upper ends of which
I attach to the upper part of the interior of a hollow cap; the outside diameter of
which is such as to allow of its free working up and down within the hollow
cylinder referred to.
The attachments of the ends of the jaws to the hollow cap and the slots in the
bottom of the hollow cylinder are made in such manner as on pressing the cap
down into the cavity of the cylinder the jaws open out and release the fastening,
and on removal of the pressure the hollow cap springs back to its closed or normal
position.
The jaws may be made so as to grip any suitable projection.
In the case of solitaires I prefer a small stud projecting from a disc, the stud
being passed through the parts to be fastened, the jaws or nippers gripping it on
the contrary side; or the projecting stud may be sunk in the disc, and the hollow
cylinder be passed through the parts to be fastened.

page_text: An ornamental plate may be attached to the hollow cylinder, so as to take the
grips on an extended surface. I prefer to make the whole of this fastening of thin
sheet metal.
In the case of bags, pouches, purses, &c., the projecting stud and the other parts
of this fastening may be attached in any suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF TRAMWAYS AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1877. A communication
from abroad by Georges Broca, of Paris, France, Engineer.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF
TRAMWAYS AND RAILWAYS." A communication from abroad by Georges Broca, of
Paris, France, Engineer.
This Invention relates to improvements in the permanent way of tramways and
local or suburban railways, and comprises an improved rail and chair, and improved
modes of laying same.
This improved permanent way may be laid as may be required either upon paved
or upon macadamized roads.
The rail made of iron or of steel has a groove in the head, and a foot of the shape
shown in section, Fig. 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
The rails are united by fish plates and bolts, as shewn, Fig. 10.
Upon inacadamized roads the rail rests directly upon wooden or iron sleepers, to
which it is fixed by bolts or wood screws.
Upon paved roads the rail is held between two shoulders or claws in a recess upon
the chairs by means of bolts or rivets.
The chairs made of wrought or of cast iron are shaped as shown, Figures 2, 3,
and 4. These chairs, which might also be made of steel, will vary in depth with
that of the paving of the road upon which the railway is to be made, so that there
will always be between the bottom of the paving and the top of the sleeper a
suitable layer of sand or ballast. These chairs rest upon the wooden or iron sleepers,
to which they are fastened by bolting, by riveting, or by wood screws.
Upon the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,-
Figure 1 is a side view of a rail of this Invention drawn half size,
Figures 2, 3, and 4, side views of chairs drawn quarter size.
Figure 5 shows the way drawn to a small size; Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, plan views
of same.
Figure 10 shows fish plates and bolts, and Figure 11 wood screw,
The points, whether fixed or moveable, may be of cast iron or of steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BONE TO GIVE TO IT THE APPEARANCE OF IVORY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Rawlinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1877.
RALPH RAWLINSON, of No. 2, Lawn Villas, Eltham Road, Eltham, in the County
of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BONE TO GIVE TO IT THE APPEARANCE OF
IVORY."
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating bone to give to it the
appearance of ivory.
I take the bone which has already had the animal oil boiled out from it as is
usual, and by preference after it has been worked to the form desired either com-
pletely or nearly so, and I treat or saturate it with a mixture of sperinaceti and
white wax, say in the proportion of two parts of spermaceti to one part of wax; or
in place of this composition other fatty or oily substances may be similarly employed,
as may also glycerine and a solution of gelatine, but I prefer to employ the composition
mentioned above.
After treatment or saturation with the solution I apply heat to the bone, and
having wiped the surface I polish it by friction.