IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION, SURFACE CONDENSATION, AND HEATING AIR FOR BLAST FURNACES, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Morton, of 5, Cambridge Lodge Villas,
Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION,
SURFACE CONDENSATION, AND HEATING AIR FOR BLAST FURNACES, OR OTHER
PURPOSES"
Scaled the 7th July 1868, and dated the 4th February 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1868.
1, ROBERT MORTON, of 5, Cambridge Lodge Villas, Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR
COOLING LIQUILS. PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
DISTILLATION. SUBPACE CONDENSATION, AND HEATING AIR FOR BLAST FURNACES,
OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-

page_text: (for which Letters Patent have already been granted to me, No. 939,
1862), and consist in arranging one-half or any portion of the tubes
which form the apparatus or cooler on a hinged frame attached to aud
forming part of the cooler; or instead of hinging a certain portion of the
tubes I fix them to a separate frame so that they can be raised entirely
clear or lifted bodily out from amongst the fixed tubes. I uso separate
streams of water or other suitable liquid for cooling the stream or streams
in the hinged or lifting part of the apparatus, being separato from the
stream or streams in the fixed part; or I cool the metallic tubular surface
with mixtures of water and ice, or freezing mixtures, such as salts or
acids, or salts and acids combined, or with any of these liquids aerated
with attemperated air from Walker's Patent Attemperator;" or I use a
mixture of solid carbonic acid and ether, separately or in combination
with water, or water mixed with certain proportions of chloride of
lime or chloride of calcium; or I force currents of attemperated air
through or over the tubular surface by means of a force pump, cylinder,
or fau, or attemperated air and suitable liquids or freezing mixtures
through alternate tubes, or atteinperated air through the hinged or
lifting portion of the cooler, and suitable liquids or freezing mixtures
through the fixed portion, or vice versa.
A further improvement consists in the use of compressed air alone
or in combination with water or other suitable liquids; the air is com-
pressed by cylinder or pump of suitable construction, the temperature
being raised by compressiou; it is then allowed to expand in a separate
vessel or receiver, by which its temperature is considerably reduced.
Supposing the atmospheric temperature to be 65° Fahrenheit, and the
temperature be raised 40° by compression, and again cooled to 65°
and permitted to expand, the temperature will be decreased to about
25°, not positively, but more or less. This cold air may be conveyed
to a vessel or receiver and be used to lower the temperature of the
following portion of compressed air, the temperature of which may be
again reduced by expausion to a point below zero; by this means the
temperature may be almost reduced to any degree.
Again in my former Patent, No. 939, 1862, the tubular surface was
straight, I now propose to make it zig-zag or corrugated, and to fix the
tubes at any angle of inclination. The hinged or lifting portion of the
cooler I fix at the ends in grooves formed in the fixed portion, or

page_text: with suitable facings of india-rubber, or similar material to prevent
the liquids flowing past between the ends of the tubes and sides of the
cooler. I further propose to braze the tubes to the sides, or fix them by
flanges with rivets or bolts.
The same improvements herein-before detailed are applicable to that
part of my former Patent, No. 939, 1862, which relates to distillation
and surface condensation.
I
I would further observe that I use the same arrangement of tubular
surface for cooling worts as described for distillation and surface
condensation in my former Patent.
Again, I propose in passing the worts through the tubes to force
by means of pump, cylinder, or fan, currents of attemperated or cold
air, separately or in combination with water or other suitable liquid
into the case surrounding the tubular surface, or vice versa, worts outside
of the tubes, and air or water, or air and water, or other suitable
liquid inside of the tubes.
My improvements in that portion of my former Patent, No. 939, 1862,
consists
which relates to heating air for blast furnaces and other purposes
in forming the tubular ways or channels of fire-brick or fire-clay instead
of cast iron or other metal. I propose to mould the tubes of fire-clay
with suitable caps for connecting the ends, or I propose to build the
tubular ways or channels of fire-bricks, the air to be heated passing
inside the tubular ways in one direction, and the flame or hot gases
issuing from the furnaces or other sources passing alternately under
and over the tubular ways in an opposite direction, as described in my
former Patent..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Morton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
30 MORTON, of 5, Cambridge Lodge Villas, Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Morton, Her special licence that
I, the said Robert Morton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Robert Morton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might, make use, exercise, and vend within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR
COOLING LIQUIDS. PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
DISTILLATION. SURFACE CONDENSATION, AND HEATING AIR FOR BLAST FURNACES, OR
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Morton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Robert Morton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to certain arrangements and improvements in
refrigerators or apparatus for cooling liquids, worts, or other fluids (for
which Letters Patent have already been granted to me, No. 939, 1862),
and consist in arranging one-half or any portion of the tubes which form
the apparatus or cooler on a hinged frame, attached to and forming part
of the cooler, or instead of hinging a certain portion of the tubes I fix
them to a separate frame, so that they can be raised entirely clear or
lifted bodily out from amongst the fixed tubes. I use separate streams
of water or other suitable liquid for cooling, the stream or streams in the
hinged or lifting part of the apparatus being separate from the stream
or streams in the fixed part, or I cool the metallic tubular surface with
mixtures of water and ice or freezing mixtures, such as salts or acids, or
salts and acids combined, or with any of these liquids aerated with
attemperated air from "Walker's Patent Attemperator," or I use a

page_text: mixture of solid carbonic acid and ether separately or in combination
with water, or water mixed with certain proportions of chloride of lime,
or chloride of calcium; or I force enrrents of attemperated air through
or over the tubular surface by means of a force pump, cylinder, or
tan; or attemperated air and suitable liquids or freezing mixtures,
through alternate tubes; or attemperated air through the hinged or
lifting portion of the cooler, and suitable liquids or freezing mixtures
through the fixed portion, or vice versa.
A further improvement consists in the use of compressed air alone
or in combination with water or other suitable liquids. The air is com-
pressed by cylinder or pump of suitable construction, the temperature
being raised by compression, it is then allowed to expand in a separate
vessel or receiver by which its temperature is considerably reduced.
Supposing the atmospheric temperature to be 65° Fahrenheit, and the
temperature be raised 40° by compression, and again cooled to 65° and
permitted to expand, the temperature will be decreased to about 25°, not
positively, but more or less. This cold air may be conveyed to a vessel
or receiver and be used to lower the temperature of the following portion
of compressed air, the temperature of which may be again reduced by
expansion to a point below zero; by this means the temperature may
be almost reduced to any degree.
Again in my former Patent, No. 939, 1862, the tubular surface was
straight, I now propose to make it zig-zag or corrugated, and to fix the
tubes at any angle of inclination. The hinged or lifting portion of
the cooler 1 fix at the ends in grooves formed in the fixed portion or
with suitable facings of india-rubber or similar material to prevent the
liquids flowing past between the ends of the tubes and sides of the
cooler. I further propose to braze the tubes to the sides, or fix them
by flanges with rivets or bolts.
The same improvements, herein-before detailed, are applicable to that
part of my former Patent, No. 939, 1862, which relates to distillation
and surface condensation.
I would further observe that I use the same arrangement of tubular
surface for cooling worts as described for distillation and surface
condensation in my former Patent.
Again, I propose in passing the worts through the tubes to force
by means of pump, cylinder, or fan currents of attemperated or cold

page_text: air separately or in combination with water or other suitable liquid
into the case surrounding the tubular surface, or vice versa, worts
outside of the tubes, and air or water, or air and water, or other suitable
liquid inside of the tubes or case.
My improvements in that portion of my former Patent, No. 939, 1862,
which relates to heating air for blast furnaces and other purposes consists
in forming the tubular ways or channels of fire-brick or fire-clay instead
of cast iron or other metal. I propose to mould the tubes of fire clay
with suitable caps for connecting the ends; or I propose to build the
tubular ways or channels of fire-bricks, the air to be heated passing
inside the tubular ways in one direction, and the flame or hot gases
issuing from the furnaces or other sources passing alternately under
and over the tubular ways in an opposite direction as described in my
former Patent.
And in order that my said Invention may be thoroughly comprehended
I shall proceed to describe the illustrative Figures upon the Sheets of
Drawings which I have hereunto attached for the purpose of shewing
certain modifications, under which my improvements may be carried
into practice.
The Figures on Sheet A of the Drawings accompanying this Speci-
fication illustrate certain modifications of my improvements in
refrigerators.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2, a plan, and Fig 3, transverse
section. The same letters refer to corresponding parts in each view.
a, a, a, a, are the fixed tubes attached to the frame B; b, b, b, b, are
the moveable tubes attached to the hinged or removeable frame C;
d, d, d, d, are screw toggles for holding it firmly to the fixed frame;
d', d, snugs for lifting by, to raise it from its seat for facility of
cleansing. Each series of tubes is connected alternately at the ends
by the caps e, e, and e', e', thereby forming a continuous channel for
the cooling liquid which enters through the pipes f. f. and passes out
through g, g. The worts are admitted into the trough haud flow in an
opposite direction to the water or other cooling liquid, as indicated
by the arrows, alternately under and over the tubes, and are discharged
The remaining worts in each compartment are discharged, as
described in my former Patent, No. 939, 1862.
at h¹.

page_text: Fig. 4, Sheet A, is a longitudinal section of a modification of
refrigerator in which the tubes are arranged angularly, in other respects
it is the same as Figs. 1, 2, & 3; the same letters being descriptive of
similar parts.
Figs. 5 & 6, Sheet A, show a form of tube slightly curved or corrugated
instead of straight, the object being to increase the surface and retard
the too rapid flow of the cooling liquid.
Figs. 7, 8, & 9, Sheet A, shew an arrangement of fixed and removeable
tubes on a larger scale. Fig. 7 .shews the moveable tubes d, d, fitting
into a plain groove formed by the angle pieces a, a, or into a recess b in
the side of cooler C, as shewn by' dotted lines.
Figs. S&, a, a, angle pieces forming the groove; c, lining of india-
rubber; d, removeable tubes connected by caps d'; e, e, fixed tubes
connected by caps e', e'.
Fig. 10, Sheet A, section of tubes with flanges for bolting or rivetting
to sides of cooler.
Figures 1, 2, & 3, Sheet B, shew another modification of my improve-
ments in refrigerators. ., .
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, Fig. 2 a transverse section,
Fig. 3 a plan. The same letters refer to corresponding parts.
a, a, a, a, are a series of tubes connected alternately at the ends by
the caps b, b, b, b, so as to form a continuous channel; c, upper trough,
the bottom of which is perforated and covered with metallic cloth;
d, d, wooden case lined with copper and hinged at d'; e, e, e, e, tubular
air ways perforated with small holes on the curved side; e', e', main air
tubes connecting the air ways e, e, e, e, together; f, lower trough ;
, outlet; g, loose pins for holding the sides of the case d, d, to the
frame h, h. This arrangement is capable of different modes of applica-
tion; the worts or liquid to. be cooled may enter the tubes a, a, a, a,
at band pass out at b", whilst the water or cooling mixtures may flow
through the bottom of the trough c, upon the external surface of the
tubes a, a, a, a, and finally into the lower trough f, at the same time
currents of cold or attemperated air may be forced into the case by
fan or cylinder through the tubes e', e', or the reverse, the worts
may flow from the upper trough c on to the external surface

page_text: Morton & improved refrigerating and reating apparatus.
of the tubes a, a, a, a, and thence into the trough f, whilst cold
attemperated air or water, or water and air in combination, or any
suitable liquids are forced by pump through the interior of the tubes
a, a, a, a, whilst at the same time currents of attemperated or cold air
are forced into the interior of the case through the tubes c', c', and
, c, e, e, by fan or cylinder.
Figs. 4, 5, 6 & 7, Sheet B, are sections of different forms of tubes
which I propose to use.
Figs. 8, 9, 10 & 11, Sheet B, shew certain modifications of my improve-
ments in stoves for heating air for blast furnaces or other purposes.
Fig. 9, longitudinal section, Fig. 10, sectional plan, Fig. 11, transverse
section. and b are the furnaces from which the flame passes through
the flues c, c, c, over and under the air ways f, in the direction
of the arrows into the chimney e. The air is driven in at g and
traverses the air ways in the direction of the arrows, passing out
a g (Fig. 11). The flue ways c, c, c, are open at top and covered
by slabs,,, which are fitted close by means of fire-clay; by this
arrangement the soot or other deposit in the flues may be brushed
down into the spaces or receptacles j, i, j, and cleared out through
the inlets k, k, k, which are temporaryily closed, the inlet is also
for a similar purpose; m, n, m, fire-bricks supporting bottom of air
ways; n, n, spaces for the passage of the flame, the tops of the air
ways are arranged similar to the bottom; o, o, stoppings for stiffening
sides of air ways; p, brick lining to protect the air way from the direct
action of the frame; q. q, concrete filling.
Fig. 8, Sheet B, transverse section of air way with metallic lining
which I sometimes use.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, 1
in conclusion that I claim as the Invention secured to me,-
may observe
Firstly. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for
cooling worts, liquids, or fluids, as herein described and illustrated by
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, & 10, Sheet A, of the Drawings attached.
Secondly. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for
cooling worts or fluids, distillation or condensation, as herein described
and shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7, Sheet B, of the Drawings.

page_text: Thirdly. The general arrangement and construction of stove for
heating air, as described herein and illustrated, Fig. 8, 9, 10 & 11,
Sheet B,, of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morton, have hereunto,
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
EDWD. ROBINSON.
ROBERT MORTON. (L.S.).