Improvements in or relating to Type-Setting and Justifying Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: 1908
Date of Application, 17th Aug., 19
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1897-Accepted, 17th Aug., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1897-Accepted, 17th Aug., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Type-Setting and Justifying
Machines.
A communication from FRANCIS BARTLETT CONVERSE, Junior, of 1033 Fourth
Street, in the City of Louisville, County of Jefferson, State of Kentucky,
United States of America, Manufacturer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists of a type-setting and justifying machine which, by
mean of a keyboard and suitable operating mechanism, selects the desired
characters from the magazine in which they are contained, places them in line,
and inserts proper-sized space-blanks between the words so that successive lines of
type shall be of the same length (within the allowable limits of variation) without
dividing words, except between syllables, and irrespective of the number of words
or spaces in a given line.
And
There are many difficulties in the way of constructing a practical type-setting
and justifying machine. The arrangement of the setting mechanism must be
such that the types will be formed in line in the exact order in which they are
struck upon the keyboard, no matter where the supplies of the different types are
located and irrespective of the varying distance between them and the line.
this result must follow with the very highest speed of operation attainable by the
skilled expert as well as with the slow speed of the beginner. The connection
between the operating keys and the supplies of types and the attendant mechanism
must be such that an actuation of the key will cause the selection of its correspond-
ing type and result in the placing of it in the line, and, at the same time, there
must not be required for this actuation more force or time than is absolutely
necessary. The different sizes of the types and the varying frequency of their
use are also disturbing elements and require the adoption of special expedients to
make a setting mechanism practically successful.
l'eculiar difficulties are also met with in the construction of an automatic
justifying mechanism. One of these arises from the fact that different lines do
not contain the same number of words and spaces. One line of an ordinary
newspaper may not have more than four spaces, while the succeeding and pre-
ceding lines may have five, or six, or seven, or more, though the liues be of the
same length. Another difficulty is that the size of the individual spaces, and the
aggregate of spaces, in successive lines constantly varies, as does also the ratio
between the individual spaces and the aggregate. This makes it impracticable to
make any series of space-bianks of such size that the same line can always be filled
out by the use of blanks of one size only. The machine must determine what
different sizes of space-blanks are needed, and how many of each size must be
inserted, as well as accommodate itself to the varying intervals at which they are
to be inserted, and then must select the proper space-blanks from their cases and
insert them at irregular distances. Suppose, for illustration, that there are six
spaces in a given line to be filled, and the aggregate space occupied by them
amounts to 28 units. If the machine were to put in six space-blanks of four units
each, it would fill up only 24 units of space, leaving four units unfilled. Were it

page_text: to take space-blanks measuring five units each the six space blanks would take up
thirty units, and would make the line two units too long. The machine, there-
fore, must take two blanks of four units each, and four blanks of five cach, which
together make the 28 units of space. The next line may have forty-three units of
space, yet contain only four spaces. To justify this line it will be necessary for
the machine to take one space blank of ten unita and three of eleven units each.
The object of this invention is to provide a machine in which the difficulties
attendant dpon setting mechanisms shall havo been overcome, and which will
adapt itself to the ever-varying conditions of justification; a machine which will
set type in line in tae order in which the corresponding keys in the keyboard are
actuated, and which will determine what sizes of space-blanks are needed in each
line, and will select and insert the proper number and sizes accordingly, and thus
automatically justify the lines evenly and accurately.
My correspondent will first give a general description of the best embodiment of
this invention at present known to me, after which he will give a specific description
with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein said embodiment is shown.
The types with which the line is to be composed are placed on their flat sides
in a series of cases (one or more cases for each character used in the machine)
which stand vertically in n line across the machine. Each case has an opening
in the rear near the base, which opening is of less height than the thickness of the
type used in that case. Corresponding to each type case is an ejector bar controlled
and set in operation by a key, in a keyboard. When a key is actuated its
corresponding ejector bar is caused by suitable mechanism to enter the corre
sponding type case through the opening in the rear thereof and, (the front of said
case being so covered as to prevent the ejection of any but the lowest type), shove
therefrom the lowest type, after which the ejector bar and key return to their
normal positions. When the types have been ejected from the front of the type
cases they fall into converging chutes where they are carried by gravity to a
common point, and shoved along by suitable mechanism, one after another, into
a holder, the working length of which is equal to the length of the line desired,
and which for convenience is termed a line-holder. When one word has been
assembled in the line-holder, an actuation of a key provided for that purpose,
acting through suitable mechanism, causes a wedge to be placed in the line-holder
with the thinner end in the line in the place of the ordinary space-blank. (Although
the term "space" is used in the printing art to designate the piece of material
inserted between tynes to cause a space to appear between tho printed letters, still
for convenience in this specification, such a piece of material will always be
designated a "space-blank" reserving the word "space" to mean the void caused
by the absence of material between successive types. But for simplicity the
magazine containing the space blanks will be designated the "space-magazine."
Likewise, for clearness the word "types" for the plural of type will be used instead
of the more usual collective form "type.") When the line-holder has been filled
(as near as may be without dividing words except between syllables) with types
and wedges, the actuation of a lever near the keyboard, which will be termed the
line-lover, setting into operation suitable mechanism, causes a movable bumper to
be brought against the butt ends of tho wedges, driving them farther in between
the types and taking up all the waste space caused by the line as set up being
shorter than the length of the type-including portion of the line-holder, which length
is equal to the width of the column required. Mention hereinafter of the
length of the line-holder is to be understood as referring to this type-including
length. Succeeding this the line-holder is moved away from the bottom of the type
chutes and an empty line-holder brought into its place. The filled line-holder
is then moved by suitable mechanism in the direction of the length of the line on
to a movable platform where it is caused to stop. Suitable mechanism, now set in
operation, moves the platform, and with it the fine-holder, in a direction transverse
to the length of the line, until it is stopped by the butt ends of the wedges coming
against a second and fixed bumper. The liuc-holler is then shifted in the
direction of the length of the line until it is arrested by the first wedge coming

page_text: against a stop. A magazine containing space-blanks varying in size progressively
from the thinnest to the thickest is arranged across the machine, above the plat-
form, and in such position with reference to the fixed stop that the space-blank
which is of exactly the same thickness as the space between the types occupied by
the first wedge (or if there is no space-blank of the same thickness, then the next
thinner) will be directly above that part of the wedge which is between the types.
Mechanisms now brought into operation drive the space-blank part of the way into
the line above the wedge (the wedges not being as high as the type), then with-
draw the wedge and string it upon a rod, afterwards driving the space-blank home.
The platform then again moves the line-holder in a direction transverse to its
length, bringing the butt ends of the wedges against the bumper and thus driving
them in to take up any waste space caused by the space-hlank inserted being less
in thickness than the section of the wedge between the types, after which the next
wedge is replaced by a space-blank us before. The same operation is gone through
with nutil all the wedges have been replaced by suitable sized space blanks the wedges
being strung upon a rod from whence they are returned to their original position
to be used again. The line-holder is then advanced further along, until it comes
opposite to the mouth of a galley. The line of type is shoved from the line-holder
into a galley and the line-holder is returned toward its original position ready to
be refilled with types and wedges as soon as the preceding line-holders (for several
are used, their number varying according to the speed of operation) shall have been
filled and moved away. All these operations since the first movement of the line-
holder, follow each other automatically, being controlled by mechanism set in
operation by a single actuation of the line-lover.
The foregoing is a general description of this embodiment of the invention, and
is given for the purpose of clearness, but without the intention of limiting the
inventor to the special devices mentioned therein, or of excluding their equivalents.
Equivalent agencies may be substituted for many of the sub-combinations herein
described without departing in the least from the spirit of this invention. For
instance, in the place of a wedge form of spreading device, in which the thin
portion is placed between the types and the device moved further through the line
to spread the same, any other form of device of proper dimensions capable of being
placed between types and capable of being so moved as to spread the line might be
employed and is within the scope of my invention. The term "spreading device"
is used as including auch spreading agencies. In general, I do not wish to be
understood as limiting my correspondent to the construction described either in the
foregoing description or to be set forth in the following detailed description.
A more specific description will now be given of the present embodiment of the
invention with reference to the accompanying drawings where the same is shown.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the type-setting and justifying machine, taken
from a position on the front or keyboard side at the left hand end of the machine.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the setting portion of the machine, taken from the
right hand end of Fig. 1, showing the disposition of the type-cases ejectors and
keyboard; and Fig. 2, on the same sheet, is a detail showing the manner in which
the finger-keys operate their rock-shafts. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the
machine, having the type case portion and the portion at the extreme left of the
machine (ie. at the lett hand of the operator as he faces the keyboard) cut away.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the plunger frame taken on the line 3-3
of Fig. 10. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the portion of the machine shown in
front elevation in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a plan of the justifying portion of the machine.
Fig. 6 is a sectional plan of the machine, taken on the line 6-6, Figs. 3 and 4.
Fig. 7 is an end elevation taken from the right hand end of the machine. Fig. 8
is a vertical section, taken on line 8-8, Figs. 3, 4 and 6, looking from the right
hand end of the machine and showing the wedge inserting mechanism. Fig. 9 is
an end elevation from the left hand end of the machine. Fig. 10 is a vertical
section taken on line 10--10, Figs. 3, 4 and 5, looking from the right hand end of
machine. Fig. 11 is a vertical section taken on line 11-11, Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 6,
looking from the left hand of machine. Fig. 12 is a vertical section taken on

page_text: lino 12-12, Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, looking from the left hand end of the machine.
Fig. 13 is a vertical section taken on line 13-13 Fig. 2. Fig. 14 is a view of the
shoot plate and the hinged pieces attached to the top thereof, seen from the same side
as in Figure 2. Fig. 1b is a perspective detail view of the mechanism for enabling
one key to connect alternatively with the ejectors of more than a single type case.
Fig. 16 and 17 are detail views showing the methods of removing the ends of the
type cases. Fig. 18 is a vertical section through the space-magazine and support,
taken on line 18-18 Fig. 5 showing the disposition of cords and weights. Fig. 19
is a detail view of the mechanism at the mouth of the galley for withdrawing the
line of type from the line holder and starting the line holder on its return trip.
Fig. 20 is a detail view in plan of the platform, the fixed bumper and the wedge-
withdrawing mechanism. Fig. 21 is a detail view of the wedge-withdrawing block.
Fig. 22 is a detail view showing track and other parts at the point of assemblage
of the type, looking from the buck side of the machine. Fig. 23 is a horizontal
section on line 23-23 of Fig. 10 showing a portion of the space plunger frame
the right hand end of Fig. 23 corresponding to the side of said frame nearest the
front of the machine. Fig. 24 is a detail view of the mechanism for limiting the
return movement of the platform, being a vertical section through its center.
Fig. 25 is a perspective detail view of the mechanism for retarding the insertion of
the wedges. Figs. 26 and 27 are porspective views of the line-holder-the first,
with types and wedges in place; the second showing the ane holder empty and
inverted. Fig. 28 shows one of the spacing wedges. Fig. 29 is a horizontal section
taken on line 29--29, Fig. 8. Fig. 30 shows in plan the end of the removable
space-magazine and orifices through which the space-blanks are ejected. Figs. 31
and 32 are detail views in section, of the lower portion of a type case, illustrating
the use of a groove in the bottom of said case. Fig. 33 is a detail view of the
bell-alarm, to indicate the completion of a line.
The same reference-letters designate the same part in each figure, but for con-
venience, a there are many figures, I will usually indicate what figures best show
any particular mechanism or part under discussion, and, where attention has once
been directed to a certain figure ordinarily the description following will refer to
the same figure until others have been referred to.
The finger keys A (Figs. 1 and 2) by which the type-setting operations are con-
trolled, are mounted upon the top of vertical stems which pass through the frames
of the keyboard and are loosely connected at their lower ends to one of the ends of
the lovers a (Fig. 2), the other ends of which are rigidly connected to the rock-
shafts a (Fig. 2 and 5) which are journaled at a and a. Rigidly attached at
some other point on each rock-shaft is the lever a. These latter levers are con-
nected by means of the connecting wires a with the lifting fingers e (Fig. 13)
which are fulcrumed ou the rod e. The connecting wires a have turn-buckles
(Figs. 1 and 2) about midway of their lengths by which they may be properly
adjusted.
A bar d (Fig. 13) which will be called an ejector, having a thinner front
projection d, and a rear portion d', adapted to swing vertically, which for con-
venience I call the tail, is held by the guides d, d, d, do, do, in such position
that said tail is directly above the bellerank finger there being as many of these
bars as there are fingers c. The tail of the ejector bar, which is connected by the
front portion d, by means of the knuckle-joint d, is permitted a limited vertical
oscillation about d by the slots in the guides d and do. Thus when a finger key
is depressed, the corresponding finger-lever is actuated and this raises the tail
of the corresponding ejector-bar. Above the tails of the ejector bars is placed the
toothed shafi, or, as 1 for convenience call it, gear-cylinder e (Figs. 2, 13, and 15)
journaled in hearings,, which engages with teeth upon the upper side of
the ejector-bar tails, when the same are raised by the fingers c. The gear-cylinder
is continuously revolving in the direction indicated by the arrow, by means of the
belt r. When, therefore, the tail of any ejector-har is lifted into connection with
the gear-cylinder e, the ejector-bar is caused to move forward. A notch ", on
the under side of the tail, falls over the finger e, when the ejector-bar has moved

page_text: forward a predetermined distance, and the tail drops out of connection with the
gear-cylinder e, and into connection with the gear-cylinder e¹, journaled in
bearings 3 (Fig.2) beneath the tail-there being teeth (Fig. 13) on the under
side of the tail for this engagement. This gear-cylinder el is rovolved in the same
direction as the gear-cylinder e by means of the same belt r and draws the ejector-
bar rearward, carrying the finger c and the finger-key A (Fig. 2) to their original
positions. The ejector-bar continues to be drawn rearward until the notch d
(Fig. 1) falls over the gear-cylinder e and the motion of the ejector-bar is
arrested leaving it in its original position. The teeth on the gear-cylinders and
on the ejector-bar tails are made in the ratchet form shown, as it is found that
such construction gives the best results.
The types are contained in vertical type-cases-one, or more, case for each
character used-which type-cases collectively extend across the machine. These
cases are collected into banks of any convenient number, four such banks P
(Figs. 1 and 2) of say twenty-three cases each, being a convenient disposition.
These banks are made of any suitable material, having their sides, backs and
bottom of sufficient thickness for rigidity, and divided by thinner partitions,
which are soldered or mortised into the back, or otherwise secured into position.
The lower ends of these cases are closed by the removable end pieces (Figs. 16
and 17) which are grooved across their width to fit over the ends of the dividing
partitions. They are held in place by means of the pius b' which are attached to
the flat spring fastened to the outside of the cases and which extend through the
sides of the cases, and into holes in the ends of the removable end pieces. When
a case has been removed from the machine and the upper ends of the levers b
pivoted by the side of the flat spring pieces are pulled toward the end piece b,
the lower ends of the said levers which are wedge shaped, enter between the
spring pieces b and the sides of the cases and cause the withdrawal of the pins b'.
This permits the removal of the ends 6 of the cases, which is done for the purpose
of more conveniently filling the cases with type, either by hand or by a distributing
machine.
These banks of cases are held against the fronts (Figs. 2 and 13) by hooks f
which swing on the rod supported by the standards f. The fronts, I prefer
to make of glass. A separate front for each bank is desirable, and is the form
shown, though one piece of glass could serve for all the banks. When the fronts
are separate they preferably consist of the plate of glass f (Fig. 1) supported in
the frame fo which is hinged at f (also Fig. 13). When a bank of cases is
removed from the machine (which is done by tipping it backward and then lifting
it out), this hinge f" allows the glass front to swing back with it until the pin f
projecting from the top of the frame, comes into contact with the rod f. This is a
sufficient distance to prevent any of the vertical lines of type from falling out
forward.
Types are placed in the cases horizontally upon their sides, with their feet
toward the back of the cases. An aperture (Fig. 32) is formed in each case
opposite the foot of the lowest type. Through this aperture the forward end d³ of
the ejector-bar acts as previously described to eject the type, the edges of the
aperture being slightly beveled so that the ejector-bar may enter smoothly. The
ejection of more than a single type is prevented by the pieces 9' covering the
lower part of the case.
A type having been ejected from its case, as the ejector is withdrawn, the face
end of the next type is permitted to fall first, resulting in a decided tendency of
the types to hang in the position shown in Fig. 31, the face end resting on the
bottom of the case, and the foot end elevated so that, as the ejector again enters,
it will pass beneath the bottom type, and lift the column of types instead of
engaging and ejecting the bottom one. This effect it has been found by experi-
ment, may be corrected by forming a groove in the front part of the bottom of the
case, as shown at f (Fig. 32).
On the top of the line of types in each case is placed a metal slug or follower fo
(Fig. 13) which descends with the types. When the types from any care shall

page_text: have become exhausted, the follower will have descended to the bottom of that
case, and, being higher than the opening through which the type is ejected, will
be unable to pass out thereat, and consequently will stop the ejector-har on its
next movement. The gear-cylinder e (Fig. 7) is driven by means of the belt r,
running over the pulley et. This pulley is loose on the cylinder shaft, and com-
municates its motion to the cylinder by means of friction between itself and the
fibre collar fixed on said shaft. The pressure causing this friction is supplied
and adjusted by the spring and the nuts e. This loose connection is provided
En that when an ejector strikes one of the followers, the pulley will slip on the
shaft and thus permit the gear-cylinder to stop. The operator is thus immediately
notified that the types from a case have become exhausted.
As the type is ejected from its case, in the manner described, its face end is
received and supported by the ledge y (Figs. 13 and 14) and its foot is left free to
fall to a nearly vertical position between the guides g', from which position it
slides, foot foremost into the top of the chute the opening y", into which the
face end of the type is received upon ejection being just large enough to allow the
type to fall toward its vertical position freely, without permitting it to turn over
from it. flat side. The pieces forming the ledge y are hinged at g so that they may
be operated outwardly for the purpose of cleaning, de. The pieces are secured
to the guides g and are held against the front of the type cases by the buttons g
in such position as to permit only the lowest type to be ejected from any case, as
previously stated. A roller 9", continuously revolving in a left hand direction
(indicated by the arrow in Fig. 4), is placed in the path of the foot of the type to
assist in the downward movement of the type and prevent it from hanging, as
would be likely to be the case, especially with the lighter letters, if they were
permitted to fall against a fixed surface. The roller receives its motion from
the crossed belt (Fig. 4) which runs over the pulley e', on the rear end of said
roller, and over the periphery of the double pulley which is driven by the
belt r.
The types fall from the ledges g into converging chutes in the plate 25
(Figs. 1, 2, 13 and 14). These chutes are cut or otherwise formed in the plate gl
which is termed the chute-plate, and they all converge into a common channel g
at the foot of said plate. These chutes are so curved that every type travels
approximately the same distance and encounters substantially the same frictional
resistance in falling from its point of ejectment to the common channel g, thus
insuring that the type which is first ejected will first reach the said common
channel. It has been found convenient to place the guides g (Fig. 14), leading
into the corresponding chutes, opposite every other partition between the type
cases, and this is the construction shown in the drawings, although this particular
disposition is not essential. Tho chute plate is fastened to the frame of the machine.
at 9" (Figs. 2 and 3) and near its lower end to the block g. The chutes are
covered with a glass plate g5 (also Fig. 13) hinged at and held against the
chute-plate by the hook g (Figs. 2, 3 and 14). The glass plate allows the operator
to observe the descent of the types, and may be swung open for the removal of
types clogged in the channel, caused by striking two finger keys at once, and for
cleaning, etc.
Some characters, as for instance, "e," "a," and "o," are used much more
frequently than others. It is therefore desirable to furnish two or more cases of
such characters, in order that the operator may not have to stop so frequently to
change the bank of cases. It is also desirable that types from either one of the
cases containing the same character shall be ejected by the depression of the same
key. This is accomplished in the following manner. The cases containing the
same characters, as, for instance, three "e"-cases, are placed adjacent to each
other in the banks. Ono ejector-raising finger c (Fig. 15) is furnished for the
three cases, the finger being free to move on the rod, on which it is fulcrumed,
from one ojcctor to another. The shifting rods having pins projecting there-
from as shown at extend across the machine beneath the ejector-bars. The
pins c³ engage on opposite sides of the raising fingers c, and thus a longitudinal

page_text: movement of a shifting-rod will cause its corresponding raising-finger to be moved
under another ejector. The front ends of the shifting rods are bent at cle and
each rod is marked, for distinguishment, by the letter to which it belongs. A
furcated spring c presses into notches in the rods c, holding them sufficiently
firmly at the points intended. Thus when the stopping of tho gear-cylinder
indicates (as heretofore explained) that the types of some certain character are
exhausted, if the character (indicated by the key remaining depressed) is one of
those of which there are more than one case, the operator simply shifts the rod c
and proceeds.
At a point in the common channel 3, (Figs. 8 and 22) below the confluence of
all the chutes, is placed the wheel h having a friction surface of rubber or other
material. This wheel is placed tangentially to the common channel near the foot
thereof, and is continuously revolved in a left hand direction (i.e. toward the right
in Fig. 22, which is looking from the back side of the machine). This wheel
is carried on the shaft (also Figs. 3 and 12) journaled in the unor end of the
oscillating support h which is pivotally supported on the stud "screwed into
the block. On this stud is also the gear wheel + meshing with the gear ³ on the
shaft h. That end of the shaft which carries the wheel h passes through a slot,
in the block g, long enough to permit the desired oscillation, the purpose of which
will be hereinafter described. The gear wheel 3 journaled as described swings in
its oscillation in a path concentric with the pitch circle of the gear h' and thus
the gears are always in mesh irrespective of the position of the gear h³.
By means of a coiled spring the support h³ is drawn towards the channel 3
until its motion is stopped by the adjustable set screw (Fig. 13) in such position
that the wheel h just fails to touch the back of the channel g Below the
wheel h and slightly in advance thereof is placed the wiper-wheel (Figs. 8, 12, 22
aud 29) secured to the shaft 19. On the end of the shaft is a gear wheel ho
meshing with a gear wheel on the stud ". A belt running over the pulley h¹³
(Figs. 3, 8, 12 and 29) drives the gear wheel 49 and the gear wheel already
referred to, the pulley and the gear wheels being rigidly secured together and all
journaled on the stud ".
The
The wheels haud h' are, by the means above described, revolved in the same
direction, i.c. downward on the side which comes in contact with the type. A type
falling against the upper oue is drawn between it and the chute-plate, the spring h
permitting the wheel to retreat sufficiently to allow the type to pass.
retraction of this wheel is not merely dependent upon its action in drawing the type
between it and the back of the channel. Were it so, making this wheel as small
in diameter as is desirable, the thickest letters might not be drawn through.
From the manner in which it receives its power, as soon as the wheel is retarded
by the falling of the type against it, the revolution of the gear against the now
rotarded gear h³, has a tendency to carry the latter around with it, thus swinging
the wheel backward, until the type is permitted to pass between it and the back of
the channel. After the type has passed, the spring h brings the support 5 and
the wheel back into position. The wheel h thus receiving the types makes it
impossible for them to turn over from their flat sides in the channel, which in
order to accommodate the largest type must necessarily be of a greater dimension
from front to back than would be allowable to invariably correctly guide the
smallest type. The wheel guides the type down from the wiper-wheel
(Figs. 8, 22, and 29). This wiper-wheel consists of a hub from which project a
plurality of arms preferably four. These arms are ordinary wiper- or tappet-arms,
having their front edges curved to apply a gradual pressure to the body against
which they bear, and their rear edges radial. The wheel revolves rapidly and ag
the radial edge of one arın receives the foot of a type and lowers it, the curved
edge of the following arm comes against the rear side of the type and advances it,
and thus the type is delivered downward and forward to a point beyond the path
of the type next succeeding. Before the upper end of the type is free from the
wheel the lower end is held against the type next preceding (or against the end
of the line-holder, to be hereinafter described, in case this is the first type in the line)

page_text: oy the wiper-wheel A', thus preventing the possibility of the types swerving in any
way as they are assembled in the line.
As the types are set up in the manner described they are assembled in the line-
holder (Figs. 5, 26, 27 and 20) which holds and carries the line of types and
which is shoved forward by each type as it is inserted. This line-holder cousists
of a flat plate having a rabbet , along its front upper edge, the width of which is
equal to the length of the body of the type used. At each end of this plate are the
flauges terminating the rabbet and limiting the length of the line carried. This
line-holder may be made so as to be adjustable to different lengths of line desired,
but it is preferred to make it fixed, using when necessary rigid line-holders of
different working length though on bases of the same length. The flanges fit
beneath the rail (Figs. 5 and 22). The rails (also Figs. 3 and 4) maintain
the upper ends of the types in position, the feet of the types being in the groove
formed by the rabbet and the rail . These rails and and i run from the
foot of the delivery channel through that part of the machine used in justifying
and maintain the types in place. The recesses in the flanges of the line-holder
are for the purpose of permitting it to pass the wiper-wheel as well as to allow the
operation of the mechanism for delivering the line into the galley, and starting the
line-holder on its return trip, to be hereinafter explained. On the under side of
the line-holder are the feet (Fig. 27) designed to fit the grooves (Figs. 5, 8, 10,
12, 19 20 and 29) to guide it along its path. The projecting lip , also on the
under side of the line-holder and at the forward end thereof, is of use in returning
the line-holder to its original position after the completion of a line, as will also be
hereinafter explained.
A word having been assembled in the line-holder as described, the space-key A¹
(Figs. 2 and 7) is depressed. The ultimate result of this depression is the inser-
tion into the line of a wedge which acts as a temporary spacing device. The
immediate effect is the lowering of the front end of the lever A fulcrumed at A³
which acting through the connecting rod a and the bell-crank raises the bar
(having teeth cut in it upper edge, similar to those in the ejector-bars d, already
described) into engagement with the ratchet teeth e' on the overhanging end of the
continuously revolving shaft (Fig. 6). This mechanism is shown in detail in
Figure 25, and is for the purpose of retarding the insertion of the spacing wedges,
so that their cutrance into the line may follow at the same interval after the
depression of the space-key as does the entrance of a type after the depression of its
key. In order that the operation of this mechanism may be better understood, the
description thereof will be postponed until after the wedges and the mechanism
for inserting the same shall have been described.
The spacing wedges j, one of which is shown in Figure 28, are preferably made
of steel, with their width equal to about a third the height of a type, and their
thickness varying from somewhat less than the thinnest space-blank used in the
machine to a little thicker than the thickest, the taper being determined by
the series of space-blanks used. The working portion is included between the
points,, (Fig. 28) beyond which there is an extension in each direction-at the
small end an extension thinner than the thinnest space-blank and at the large
end an extension 1, thicker than the thickest. The extremity of the large end
is beveled as shown at 1, and near said extremity on one side of the wedge is the
notch. Through the thicker extension and towards the bottom thereof is the
eye open at the bottom. The whole piece of metal, for convenience, will be
called a wedge" although as before stated, it has an inclined side for only a
portion of its length. The form of wedge shown in the drawings and abovo
described is considered to be the most satisfactory, though the attendant parts
might be easily so modified as to operate with various other forms, either simple
or compound.
By means of the eye the wedges are strung upon the rod 1 (Figs. 4, 5, and 29)
with their thin ends resting on the rod 1. They are held against the guide bar
by the click j carried in the block j³ which is pressed toward the wedges by the

page_text: force of a spring (Fig. 6) coiled around the hub of the lever, to which lever
the block (Figs. 4 and 5) is connected by means of the link
Carried on the guide-bar (Figs. 4, 5, 8 and 29) is the reciprocating block
to which is rigidly attached, on the side of the guide next to the wedges, the bar.
This block and bar are moved along the guide in a rearward direction by the
link (Fig. 8) the lever, and the cam acting on the roller ton said lever.
When the cam has imparted the maximum of rearward movement to the block and
bar the latter will be far enough back from the wedges to permit the first wedge
under the action of the spring 7, as already described, to be pressed forward into
the path of said bar in front thereof. As the decreasing face of the cam j passes
the roller on the lever 10 the block and bar aro driven forward by the action of
the spring (Fig. 6) coiled around the hub of the said lever. As the bar advances
it shoves the wedge which is in front of it forward and across the line-holder. The
point of the wedge comes against the beveled portion of the wiper-wheel h¹
(Fig. 29) and is guided therohy behind the lust type in the line. While the wedge
is coming into position it passes behind the end of the spring wire (also Fig. 8)
which holds it against the guide ³, yielding as the increasing portions of the
wedge come behind it. When the reciprocating bar shall have reached its
extreme forward position the wedge will have been inserted the desired distance
into the line. At the same time the wire j" springs into the eye (Fig. 28) of
the wedge preventing it from being carried further by momentum. When the
wedge is thus stopped in this forward movement it stands with its thin straight
portion in the line of type. In this position it is shown in the line full of types seen
in Figure 26. The cam operating this wedge inserting mechanism is on
the shaft (Fig. 6, 7, 8 and 25) which may be connected by the clutch & with the
continuously revolving shaft s, which latter shaft receives its rotation from 'he
main shaft of the machine by means of the gears, 18 (Fig. 6). The action of
the clutch k is as follows: Keyed on the continuously revolving shaft is the
alutch member. The other member is connected by a spline and
groove with
the shaft and is hereby capable of independent motion lengthwise of the
shaft into and out of engagement with the driving member. It is held out of
engagement by the pin (actuated by the apnen key, as hereinafter des-
cribed) bearing against the segment of a collar on the hub of the member .
This segment has its bearing face inclined in the direction of its circular length
and is similar to the segment on the clutch, or the segment ¹ on the
clutch When the pin is with drawn from contact with the segment or bears
against that portion of the face thereof which is moro distant from the clutch-
members, the coil spring surrounding the shaft, forces the driven member
of the clutch into engagement with the driving member . Thus upon the with-
drawal of the pin rotation is immediately communicated to the shaft from the
continuously revolving shaft al. If, after the shaft + has made part of a revolution,
the pin is returned to its position (after the remainder of the segment has rotated
past it) it will, toward the end of the revolution, stand in the path of the inclined
face of the segment, and during the remainder of the revolution will be bearing
against said face and forcing the driven member of the clutch away from the
driving member, and, just as the clutch has completed its revolution, will completely
disengage the two members. The driven member cannot be revolved by momentum
beyond its original position on account of the segment, which at this point is
continued up against the annular back of the member forming a wall against
which the pin bears. Thus tho shaft and with it the cam j make exactly
one complete revolution with each withdrawal and returning of the pin , and
the wedge-inserting mechanism, operated by said cam, is inactive except when
the pin is withdrawn and a revolution permitted.
I will now return to the mechanism for communicating the motion of the
space-key to the parts which operate upon the wedge-inserting lever which has
been heretofore alluded to, and which on account of one of its functions, will be
called the wedge-retarding mechanism. The bar (Figs. 6, 7 and 25) being
brought into engagement with the revolving toothed shaft c, by the depression
R

page_text: of the space-key A, as described, the said bar e is driven backward until the
adjustable collar e strikes the lever and pushes it backward. This, by means
of the rock-shaft ' and the lever, withdrawa the pin from the clutch and
permits the members to engage and the shaft and the cam " to revolve and thus
insert a wedge. The bar e, falling out of engagement with the toothed shaft c' by
the notch coming over the end of the raising finger of the bell-crank e (as in
the case of the ejectors heretofore described) is returned by the tension of the
spring e. The collar, el, adjustably secured on the bar near the rear end
thereof, thus comes against the lever and causes the pin 2 to be raised into
position to open the clutch at the end of the revolution.
The occasion arises for the use of the above described connection between the
space-key and the clutch k, instead of direct acting levers, from the following
consideration: An appreciable interval of time follows after the depression of a
key in the keyboard before the type reaches its position in the line-holder-say,
for the sake of example, one secoud. The wedge must follow at the same interval
behind the depression of the space-key in order that it shall not be inserted in the
line before the type that should precede it. This could be accomplished by giving
the shaft carrying the cam a sufficiently slow rate of revolution (once a second).
But in this case the space-key could be effectively depressed only at intervals of
a second. This is more time than is required for the setting of words of only one
or two letters, and hence after setting such a word there would have to be a
sufficient delay before actuating the space-key to allow the clutch to finish its
revolution; or if the space-key were earlier depressed it would have to be held
until the completion of the revolution. This delay would of course be undesirable.
To avoid it the collars e aud care so set that a half of the supposed second is
consumed in driving the collar o against the lever to withdraw the pin A and
by causing the clutch k to make a complete revolution in a half second the second
will be consumed between the depression of the space-key and the delivery of the
wedge. The bar returning immediately after its operation under the retraction
of the spring co, the space-key may again be depressed before the end of the
revolution of the clutch k, the travel of the bar cousuming the time until the
revolution is completed. Thus the space-key can be depressed at intervals of half
a second delivering each wedge into the line after the lapse of a second from the
time of the depression.
The operations just described are repented for each space in the line, the insertion
of each wedge of course shoving the line-holder forward a distance equal to the
thickness of the wedge at the place where it intersects the line of type. It is desir-
able that there should be means of notifying the operator when the line is nearly
completed so that he may be able to make it end at the end of a word or syllable
without the necessity of watching the line-holder. To do this mechanism is pro-
vided as follows: As the line-holder is being brought along the track (Fig. 6)
from its position of rest at i toward its working position at i na will be hereafter
described, the forward end of the line-holder comes into contact with the beveled
shoulder on the piece z (Figs. 29 and 33) and shoves the piece along with it
against the tension of the spring until the projection on the bottom of the
forward end of the said piece comes over the cavity. The line-holder continuing
in ita forward movement forces the projection z' into the cavity and rides over
the shoulder 3 holding the piece z in this forward position until, when the line-
holder has been nearly filled with types and wedges, the rear end passes off from
the forward end of said piece permitting it to be retracted by the spring 2. The
retraction causes the hammer to strike and ring the bell thus notifying the
operator that the line is nearly completed.
When as many words or syllables as the line will carry without crowding have
been assembled with wedges inserted between the words, the lever L (Figs. 1, 2, 3
and 7) which is termed the line-lever, is depressed (it is shown as depressed in
each figure though it will only be in this position when the operator's hand is on
it.) This lever is free to turn on the rock-shaft L', but when raised the hook L
engrges the notch in the collar L which is fixedly attached to the rock-shaft. As

page_text: the lever is depressed this rock-shaft L' is turned until the hook, striking the bar L,
releases the collar, when the shaft is revolved back to its original position by the
spring L. On the other end of this shaft L' is the lover L (Figs. 3 and 4)
operating the pin to which serves to maintain the members of the clutch out of
engagement. The action of this clutch is similar to that of the clutch hereto-
fore explained so that the description thereof need not be here repeated. The
above described connection between the line-lever L and the rock-shaft L' is pro-
vided so that the pin 10 will be returned to position as soon as the clutch has
rotated the proper distance therefor even though the operator should hold down the
line-lever. When the operator removes his hand from the line-lever the spring L'
returns the same lo position and the hook L drops into the notch L³ ready for
another depression.
When the depression of the line-lever L cause the withdrawal of the pin
from the clutch, the two members of the clutch engage and communicate to the
shaft (Figs. 4 and 6) one complete revolution from the continuously revolving
shafts. Upon the shaft are the cams, n, m³, jo, Go, o and g, the operation of
which will be described in the order in which they are concerned.
The first operations upon the assembled line of type are produced by the cams m
and n which perform their functions in successive half revolutions of the shaft,
the cams m³ in the first half, and the cam n in the second. Considering first the
cam this cam bears against the roller m' (Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 12) on the lever m
which is connected by the link m³ to the reciprocating block m. A spring m
coiled about the hub of the lever m6 presses the lever in the direction of the cam
and causes the roller m' to constantly bear upon the face thereof. Adjustably
secured to the block 3 by means of the screw is the piece m which, on
account of its function to be immediately described, is called the movable bumper.
This bumper stands opposite the large ends of the wedges in the assembled line.
As the cam m revolves, the decrensing face thereof bearing against the roller m,
the bumper is advanced by the spring m8 against the ends of the wedges driving
them through the line of types causing the line to be expanded to the limits of the
line-holder. The increasing face of the cam bearing against the roller causes
the withdrawal of the bumper. This has taken one half of the revolution of the
shaft.
There must of course be room enough between the edge of the bumper and the
guide (Fig. 6) to allow for the convenient insertion of the wedges into the line.
Owing to this space, unless some precaution was taken the bumper might miss a
wedge which happened to be placed very near the last end of the linesay with
only the letter "a" following it. To obviate this difficulty, in a recess in the
guide (also Fig. 29), is provided the small lever against which the wedge passes
in its travel to the line-holder.
The wedge, being between the guide and the spring wire presses the lever
backwards ou to its seat until the eye in the wedge comes opposite said spring wire.
At this point the wire springs into the eye, the travel of the wedge stops as
heretofore explained, and the lever under the tension of the spring jo shoves
the large end of the wedge far enough sidewise so that the bumper in its forward
movement will in any event engage it.
At the beginning of the second half of the revolution of the shaft the decreasing
face of the cam n (Figs. 4 and 6) meets the roll n' on the lever . This lever is
on the rock-shaft n on the other end of which is the lever a connected by means
of the link a (Fig. 22) with the reciprocating bar w. This bar, which would be
seen in Figure 5 if the two forward line-holders i and i were removed, is supported
on the side of the truck by a 1-tongue sliding in the T-groove a' (Figs. 12
and 22). On this reciprocating har are the trips and n, of which n, stands
just behind the line-holder when filled and w" behind the following line-holder
shown at in Figure 5. Around the rock-shaft w (Fig. 6) is coiled a spring 10.
This spring by means of the lever and link moves the bar toward the left of the
machine (ie. toward the right in Figure 22) while the decreasing face of the cam
(Fig 4 and 6) is passing the roll a'. In this forward motion of the bar n the

page_text: trip (Fig. 22) engages the filled line-holder and advances it along the track
(also Fig. 6) to a position on the movable platform in advance of the trip p.
At the same time the trip 8 on the bar n engages the next following line-holder
(shown in Figure 5 at ) and advances it to a position at the point of assemblage
ready to receive the types and wedges of a new line.
The ends of the line-holder being recessed as heretofore described the first type
coming into the line would tend to have its foot shoved into the recess 17, in the
forward end and to lean in a slanting position against the wiper-wheel instead of
being set up with its foot in the groove formed by the rabbet and the rail. To
prevent this mechanism described helow is provided, which has not been earlier
explained because its operation could not be so well understood. E, (Figs. 12
and 22) is a detent-lever secured to the rock-shaft E and provided with a bell-
crank arm having a weight E attached thereon. The end of this detent-lever E
stands just in front of the wiper-wheel and closes the recess in the forward end of
the line-holder, in such position that the first type in the line comes against it.
Secured to the rock-shaft E (Figs. 3 and 22) are also the arms and the
latter of which is very short. This rock-shaft is carried in the bearings E and E
and is free to move lengthwise as well as turn through a portion of a revolution.
As the types come in behind the detent-lever, it and the connected parts described
are advanced. The weight E tends to cause the detent-lever to swing out of the
path of the line of type, but this is prevented by the arm E which bears against
the under side of the block Es. When the arm E has traversed the length of the
block and slides off of it, the detent-lever is swung by the weight out of the path of
the line, and the end of the arm swings up beneath the bar w. In this position
all the parts stand until the line-lover is depressed at the conclusion of the line.
As the bar a advances to carry the filled line-holder to the platform as already
described, the trip E7 on said bor trips over the end of the arm E, and as the har
returns brings the arm E3 back with it, and the end of the arm E*, which was
swung up even with the front edge of the block E when the detent-lever was tipped
from its detaining position, returus along the front edge of the said block. An
the arm 3 is thus carried back, it encounters the spring E8 which tends to swing
the parts back into their initial positions but is prevented by the end of the arm F
bearing against the block. As the arm E slides off the end of the block, as it
does when the detent-lever comes opposite the position in which it is intended
to stand in the end of the line-holder, the spring F pressing down on the arm
depresses it and swings said defent-lever into position, maintaining it thus until
types enough (one or two) have come behind it to advance it sufficiently to bring
the arm under the block K. After the first type is in the line-holder, the
function of the detent-lever is finished, but it travels far enough (the length of the
block 1) to permit the arm to swing up clear of the spring as said detent-
lever swings out of the path of the line of type-the arm only encountering
this spring again as it is being returned, after the arm E is against the front edge
of the block E. When the detent-lever tips from the line it swings through a
suflicient are to be out of the way of the wedges as they are driven into the line
by the movable bumper.
In order that the mechanism described for advancing the line-holder may not
operate if it should contain either too few or too many types for proper justifica-
tion, there is provided the following governing device. Carried on the block m
which supports the movable bumper m (Figs. 5 and 12) is the raising bar
pivoted on the horizontal stud . The front end of this har is at an angle us
shown and it projects laterally from the block m a sufficient distance to take into
a notch on the inner side of the upper end of the rod. The rod is connected
by the lever (Figs. 3, 8, 12 and 22) and the shaft r with the detent which
stands just in front of the forward end of the reciprocating bar 0 (which as hereto-
fore described carries the trips 8 and to advance the liue-holders) and locks
said bar against forward movement. When the bumper m (Figs. 5 and 12) is
advanced against the ends of the wedges and drives them further through the line
as described, the raising bar engages with the notch in the rod . The inclined

page_text: ond of the bar advancing raises the rod which tips the detent forward and out
of the path of the bar a thus permitting the latter to advance the line-holder when
the decreasing face of the cam » permits the spring 10 to act. This is the action
of the raising bar z when the line contains a proper amount of type for justification.
But suppose there are too many types in the linn-holder, so that the wedges cannot
spread them sufficiently to permit the entrance of the smallest size of space-blanks.
The raising-har r is so adjusted with reference to the bumper m that in this caso
as the bumper is stopped by the wedges, the inclined end of the said bar r will not
have raised the rod aufficiently to throw the end of the detent out of the path
of the bar n, and the spring will not be able to drive the bar forward when the
cam permits. On the other hand, if there are too few types in the line so that
the largest space-blanks will not be able to fill it, the bumper m will pass forward
so far that the notch (Fig. 5) in the raising bar comes under the end of the
rod This permits said rod to fall by its own weight, returning the detent into
the path of the bar n and locking it. As the bumper returns to its original
position the raising bar z passes over the end of the rod and drops into ita
normal position as shown. Thus whenever there are either too many or too few
types in the line to permit proper justification the advancing mechanism is locked
and the line-holder will not be advanced until the irregularity shall have been
corrected. The occasion for the use of this governing mechanism will seldom
arise with the skilled operator, but it is provided so that in no event may a line
that is either too short or too long to be properly justified he started into the
justifying mechanism.
As the lever (Fig. 6) malvanees under the action of the spring n (the detent a
being tipped away from the front of the bar n as above described) the lug n
attached thereto strikes the collar 3 in the rod n forcing it forward. The
forward end of this rod is then formed in the shape of a flat wedge and passes
through a hole in the block 19 and through a notch in the upper side of the pin "
slidably supported by said block. The hole is shown at A in Figure 12 and a
portion of the notch is visible through it. The result of thus forcing the wedged
end into the notch in the pin is to throw the latter from the driven clutch-
member K permitting it to engage with the driving member under the action of
the spring and establishing a community of rotation between the shaft s' and
the shafts.
Upon the shaft s, rotated as above described, are the cams, p, p, wo and t, of
which and p' are made in one piece. The first of these cams to be considered
is 7 which operates the movable platform p, upon which the line-holder with its
contained types and wedges has been left by the advancing movement of the bar a
The explanation of the operation of this and the other cams will be postponed until
after the platform itself has been describetl.
The platform p, (Figs. 1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22 and 24) is something more than
twice the length of the line-holder and has continued across its length the
rails and and the groove already referred to, and along its rear edge is
the T-groove n in which the piece 2 carrying the trip p slides. The platform
has a backward and a forward inotion on the guides and is controlled by the
levers connected therewith by the links . These levers are rigidly attached
to the shaft (Figs. 3, 6 and 12). To this shaft is also rigidly secured the
lever which extends rearward and to the end of which the spring p" is attached.
This spring tends to draw the platform backward, but it is overcome by the tension
of a stronger spring p (Figs. 10 and 11) acting through the lever pand and
the rods, which rod is secured to the platform and passes loosely through an
elongated hole in the said lever and has near its end the collar pe against which
the said lever bears. On the shaft p" to which the lever p and are attached
is the lever is (Figs. 3, 5, 6 and 11) carrying the roll p which bears against tho
camp³.
The first effective operation produced by the revolution of the shaft s, above
referred to, is by the cam 2, the other cama on the shaft operating idly meanwhile.
The increasing face of this cama 24, acting upon the lever p, moves the lever

page_text: This
backwards against the tension of the spring and permits the platform p to be
pulled backward on the guides p, 6 by the retraction of the coil spring", acting
through the lever plo, the shaft, and the levers 7, and the links p. This rear-
ward movement of the platform brings the butt ends of the wedges in the composed
line in the line-holder against the fixed bumper m (Figs. 5 and 20).
bumper is adjustably supported, being held by the screw m passing through a
slotted hole, and the set screws 10 and m10 abutting against the stationary bar
This bringing of the wedges against the bumper drives them into the line with a
force determined by the strength of the spring 2". When they have reached a
point where any further driving in would require a force greater than that of the
said spring the platform stops. The lever slides loosely along the rod 15 and
is thus permitted to make its full swing under the action of the cam 2 indepen-
dently of the point at which the platform may be stopped. The greatest radius
of the cam having passed the roller on the lever 18 the tension of the spring p¹,
being greater than that of the spring ", tends to cause the platform to return to
its initial position. This return movement is impeded by a tooth of the rack R
(Figs. 10 and 24) attached to the under side of the platform, becoming engaged
with the pawl R. The purpose of the operation will be described shortly.
Above the platform is the magazine of space-blanks B (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11
and 30). This consists of a series of cases of a width to receive the space-
blanks used, arranged parallel with each other, and having orifices, as at B
at a point above about the middle of the platform. These orifices
are arranged as shown in a straight line at right angles to the line.
of type in the line-holder, and the first space-blank in each case is fed up to a point
directly over the orifice by means to be hereafter described. The space-blunk
cases are equal distances apart, the case nearest the front of the machine con-
taining the thinnest space-blanks, the next case to it containing the next thicker,
and so on across, the thickest space-blanks being contained in the most rearward
case. The rack R (Fig. 24) above referred to, is attached to the platform midway
of its length and upon its under side. The teeth Rs of this rack are the same
distance apart as the space orifices in the space-magazine. The pawl R', having
the projecting arm working either side of the wedge-faced click R, engages
with the teeth in this rack. After the rearward movement of the platform carrying
the line-holder is stopped by the wedges coming against the bumper, the platform
tends to return to its initial position, but will do so only for a distance shorter than
the distance between two consecutive teeth of the rack R, when it will be arrested.
The rack is so placed, that the platform will be stopped at a point such that as the
line-holder is advanced in the direction of its length, the line of types will pass
vertically beneath the case in the magazine containing space-blanks of the same
thickness as the line-space occupied by said wedges, or if no space-blank is of the
same thickness, then the next thinner.
Following the action of the camp above described the decreasing face of the
crown-cam passes the roll on the lever (Figs. 3, 5, 6, 10 and 22). The
upper end of this lever is made in the spade-handle form shown, the rod p
passing through a slot in the foot of the downwardly projecting leg of the block p
which is slidably supported at the back of the platform by a T-tongue which 'bears
in a T-groove in the rear edge of said platform. Thus the rod imparts its
motion to the sliding block, and at the same time its length allows the platform
to make its full backward and forward movement- the leg of the block sliding
on the said rod Pivoted at p (Fig. 22) is a trip which trips up behind the 5
line-holder, engaging with it when the block advances. As the decreasing face
of the cam passes the roll on the lever, the line-holder is advanced along
the platform by means of the trip pl, the block p, and the said levers, under
the tension of the spring (Fig. 10) coiled around the hub of the lever, until
arrested by the first wedge in the line-holder being stopped by its ends coming 5
against the stop 7 (Figs. 3, 10, and 20) and the edge of the lever (Figs. 5
and 20). These points are so adjusted as to stop the wedge in a position vertically
beneath the line of orifices of the space-magazine. Any remainder of the

page_text: decreasing face of the cam p moves idly by, and when the increasing face bears
upon the roller 20 on the lever " the block is returned and the line-holder left
standing in the above described position.
Attached to the frame in which the space-magazine is carried, is the frame-
work F (Figs. 1, 3, 3, 4, 9, 10 and 11) carrying plungers F, each of these
plungers being in a position directly above the first space-blank in the case beneath
it, in such manner that a depression of the plunger will eject the space-blank
through its orifice. Springs F (best shown in Figure 3) make sufficient friction
against the plungers to hold them in a raised position. These plungers, uniform
in thickness throughout their upper portious, are reduced at their lower portions
to the thickness of their corresponding space-blanks so that they may pass through
the orifices B (Fig. 30). In order that the reduced portion of those plungers
which act upon the smallest space-blanks may be sufficiently rigid they are
provided with ribs F (Figs. 10 and 23)-the corresponding orifices being notched
to allow the passage of the same.
The frame containing these plungers carries also the open cross-head F³
(Figs. 1, 3, 34, 5, 9, 10 and 11). On the back side of the cross-head are the cross-
bars F forming a slot between them in which works a block F. This block
projects a sufficient distance to engage with a lug F7 on a plunger-there being
one such lug on each plunger, and the block Is being only wide enough to engage
one lug at a time. The block F is attached to the rod F8 which passes through
bearings in the cross-head F5 and is connected by a vertically slidable connection
with the standard F which is rigidly secured to the platform by means of the
bar (Figs. 3, 5 and 10) screwed to the under side thereof. Thus the block F
partakes of the transverse movement of the line-holder on the platform, but may
travel up and down independently thereof, and it is so adjusted that it engages
with the lug projecting from the plunger corresponding to that space-case which
is directly above the line in the line-holder.
At the beginning of the second revolution of the shaft the increasing face of
the crown-camt meets the roller on the bell-crank lever (Figs. 1, 3, 6, 10
and 11), causing it to pull the cross head F downward by means of the connecting
rod . This depression of the cross-head causes the block F to engage with, and
depress, the proper plunger to drive a space-blank into the line-space above the
first wedge. The increase in this face of the cam is just enough to drive the
space-blank into the line until it almost touches the wedge, this distance being
nearly one half the height of the type. During the passage of the parallel face (+
(Fig. 3) of this crown cam, the cam r, acting through the connecting rod wo
(Fig. 3, 4, 6, 10 and 11) slotted so as to pass around the shaft s', actuates the
lever which for convenience is loosely journaled on the shaft. This movement
of the lever to draws the rod rearward, and the withdrawing mechanism wo
attached to said rod-hereinafter to be fully described-thereby removes the wedge
from the line. Succeeding the withdrawal of the wedge the second increasing
face (Fig. 3) of the camt drives the space-blank home. During the passage of
the decreasing face (Fig. 6) the spring acting upon the lever returns the
cross-head to its original position by means of the connecting rod . As the cross-
head rises, the lip (Fig. 3), bearing on the under side of the lug 7 of the
depressed plunger, raises the plunger with it to its original position, where the
spring maintains it independent of succeeding depressions of the cross-head
until the block F again recalls it into action.
Following the operation above described the camp again causes the platform
to be advanced toward the bumper m' driving in the wedges to take up whatever
looseness may have resulted from the space-blank inserted being less in thickness
than the corresponding section of the wedge withdrawn, and causing the line to
again register with the corresponding space-blank in the manner already described.
Immediately preceding each driving of the wedges against the bumper the
following action takes place (the description of the same being delayed to this
point in order that it might be better understood): The lever on the rock
shaft (Figs. 5, 6, 10 and 20) is advanced to a position flush with the end of the

page_text: bumper m by means of the spring said movement being permitted by a lower
face of the cam pt presenting itself to the roller of the lever . This position of
the lever prevents any wedge that may be in position close to the end of the
bumper from slipping off and thereby failing to be driven in with the others.
After the wedges have been again driven into the line and tho block has
caused the line-holder to be again, moved along the platform until the first of the
remaining wedges registers with the orifice of the space-magazine as previously
described, the same succession of operations of partially inserting the space-blank,
withdrawing the wedge, driving the space-blank home and driving in the remaining
wedges to take up any resulting looseness, is repeated until all the wedges have been
replaced by space-blanks.
The mechanism for withdrawing the wedges is as follows (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 10, 20
and 21): Attached at one end to the frame of the space-magazine, and the other
to the stud is the guide on which slides the block to which has its working
parts on the under side. This block is shown in detail in Figure 21; it has the
Hange wo, the pawls, the curved lever to and the spring to acting upon the two
latter. This block is given a reciprocating movement on the guide by the cam c
(Figs. 6 and 10) and the spring 10 attached to the lever w³, the said cam acting
us previously mentioned through the connecting rod wo, the lever w³, and the
rod attached to the block w by means of the stud " (Fig. 21) projecting there-
from. As the decreasing face of this cam passes the roller on the connecting
rod to the spring to draws the sliding block to forward, whereupon the pawl
clicks into the upper part of the notch in the large end of the wedge and holds
it as shown against the flange 10. As the block is drawn backward by the increas-
ing face of the cam 10, the wedge is carried with it. This block passes over the
pawl 103 (Figs. 10 and 20) but the lower part of the wedge hits against it and
presses it back, against the force of the spring to until it clicks into the lower
half of the notch 15 in the wedge. As the block is advanced by the decreasing face
of the cam to passing the roll on the connecting rod to this pawl retains the wedge
and carries its butt end when released from the block to the side, under the action
of the spring 104, in a path such that the end of the rod j' (Figs. 4, 5, 10 and 20)
passes through the eye in the wedge. The advancing of the block brings the
lever (Figs. 20 and 21) against the butt of the wedge, but as the same is held
at one end by the pawl 3 and at the other between the pawl 108 and the flange w7,
the lever o is pressed aside and its point bears upon the side of the wedge. When
the flange, w passes off the small end of the wedge, the lever under the action of
the spring too shoves the small end of the wedge aside out of the path of the
next wedge to be withdrawn, and in so doing returns to its normal position. In
this manner the wedges are assembled upon the rod, j' in a position to be returned
to their initial positions, by mechanism to be described later.
The last wedge having been removed from the line, the rearward movement of
the platform immediately succeeding the removal of the wedge is no longer impeded
by a wedge coming against the bumper, and the platform moves as far as permitted
by the lever as described. In this rearward movement of the platform, the
lug R (Fig. 24) attached adjustably to the under side of the rack I comes into
contact with the pawl R' and presses it downward until the projecting arm R
thoreof clicks over on to the other face of the wedge-faced catch R in which
position the pawl is held by the tension of the spring Rs. The pawl being thus
out of engagement with the rack, the platform is free to return to its initial
position under the action of the spring as described. As the platform reaches
its initial position on the lug 14, attached to the end of the rack rides over the
end R of the pawl, depressing it and causing the projecting arm Re to trip over
the catch and the pawl to come into positiou, to engage the rack for the
operation of the next line.
The platform is thus brought back to its initial position, and the action of the
cam through the lever and the block p as explained, following the last
movement of the platform toward the bumper m¹ just described, moves the line-

page_text: holder to the end of the platform towe
position the line-holder is left standin
h it has been proceeding. In this
The clutch is opened and the rotation. shaft stopped after the substi-
tution of space-blanks for wedges throughou. the line, by mechanism as follows:
On the rock-shaft (Figs. 3, 6, 8 and 12) to which the levers which give the
rearward movement to the platform are rigidly attached as heretofore describe
is loosely journaled the lever A. Formed on the hub of this lever is the lug 18
(Fig. 3) corresponding to the lug on the collar A fixed on the said shaft . Thus
the shaft may oscillate without imparting motion to e lever A until the lug
on the collar strikes the lug on the lever. The low end of the lever is hangs
opposite the pin (Fig. 12) which controls the action of the clutch as already
described. A weight & on the end of all-crauk-arm of the lever holds the
latter normally out of action upon the pin. When the last wedge has been with-
drawn and the platform is permitted to make the full rearward movement as
described, the shaft is rocked back ward until the lug on the collar "beara
against the lug 28 on the levers and causes the latter to shove the pin A forward
against the hub of
1:a mambo of the clutch. In this position it
member and causes the clutch to be
meets the inclined segment on this
opened at the conclu
The operations have been described by which the line-holder is carried as far as
the end of the platform. Here it is left standing until the line-lever is again de-
pressed (at the completion of the following line) when it is carried to the front of
the galley the line delivered on the galley, and the line-holder returned to the
starting point. This is accomplished in the following manner (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 9, 11
and 19: When the second line of the types has been assembled (the first line
meanwhile being justified and the line-lever L is depressed, the shafts (Figs. 4, 6
and 1) is given one revolution in the manner heretofore explained. On this shaft
is the cam o which by means of the lever o', the shaft o, the lever and the link o'
Fig. 19) operates the sliding block o. This block of carries a trip of and is
supported by a T-tongue sliding in n T-groove in the rear of the galley support o
(also Fig. 6), said T-groove being continuous with that in the rear edge of the
platform hereinbefore mentioned. As the decreasing face of the came passes the
roller on the lever o', the block o' is carried by the spring (Fig. 10) along the
platform until the trip (Fig. 19) engages behind the line-holder which was left
standing at the end of the platform, at o' in Figure 19, as described. As the block
returns under the action of the increasing face of the cam o, the line-holder thus
engaged is carried with it and brought to a point directly in front of the galley,
with the ends of the line-holder opposite the side-bars o of the galley, and
the feet (Fig. 22), on the bottom of the line-holder, opposite the notches of To
provide against possible breakage to the machine in case a type or other material
should by some means become lodged in the path of the line-holder, the connection
between the lever o' and the rock-shaft is not rigid but is made by means of a
stiff spring, o coiled about the shaft and connected at the lower end to the
lever o and at its upper end to a set collar on the shaft o. This connection is
stiff enough to normally transmit the motion of the cam o to the line-holder but
will yield in case the latter meets any abnormal resistance.
That portion of the groove in the cam g (Fig. 9) from g' to g, which has been
passing the roller on the lover g during the operation above described, is concentric
and therefore transmits no motion to the lever. This lever is pivoted at 9 and is
adjustably connected with the link (Fig. 19) which is pivoted to the block g.
This block slides on the curved guide bar q' and carries the horizontally projecting
finger g" (Figs. 10 and 19) which stands normally in such position that, as the line-
holder passes to its position in front of the galley, the finger is received through
the openings (Fig. 26) in the flanged ends of the line-holder behind the line of
type therein. When the line-holder comes to rest in front of the galley the cam g
has made about a quarter of a revolution and that portion of its groove between g
and g (Fig. 9) is just beginning to net. This portion of the groove is of slightly
increasing radius and its acting upon the lever is to give the block g' and with
C

page_text: it the finger of a forward movement for a distance sufficient to cause the finger t
shove the line of type from the line-holder on to the galley against the types
previously delivered, or against a lead inserted as hereinafter described; or, in the
case of the first line, against a block placed at dhe mouth of the galley. This
galley is suitably supported in the inclined position shown in Figures I and 11
80 that the types may stand firmly thereon and have no tendency to fall backward.
After the forward movement of the finger g, while the eam groove from g to gl
is acting, the biblis carried rapidly backward, and the finger q bearing against
the back of the recesses in the llanged ends of the line-holder carries the latter
backward on the tracks games g (Figs. 3, 9, 10, 11 and 19) which lead up to the
return track 1. As the line-holder comes into position on this return track the
lip (Figs. 26 and 27) is engaged by the thrends of the continuously revolving
sorew (Figs. b and 10) which conveys the line-holder hack toward the starling
point the line-holder travelling along the return track 9 with its feet 8 in the
groove gl. The concentric portion of the cam move between glo and go holds
the finger stationary until the line-holder has been started along the return
track g when the remainder of the cain groove return the block, lever, and finger
to their original positions. The line-holder travelling along the return track
arrives at the inclined tracks g (Fig. 12) down which it slides toward the position
of in Figure 5, there being notches in the track to allow the passage of the feet
of the line-holder. The forward foot of the line-holder and the second notch are
made wider than the other foot and its notch so that the forward ot may pass
by the first notch it comes to without entering it. The line-holder thus comes in
turn into a position where it may be again brought into use when the preceding
line-holders have been filled and moved away in the manner herenbefore
described.
The mechanism deseribed below is provided for inserting the leads between the
lines of type in the galley, which may be thrown into or out of operation as
desired. Carried beneath the galley support is the weeptacle for lends 'G (Figs.)
and 11). This receptacle is a little higher than the leads and is open on one side
for their insertion. The follower guided in a slot in the bottom of the
receptacle and drawn forward by the cord G passing over the pulley G³ and
having at its lower end a weight, feeds the leads forward. A slot the thickness
of a lead is cut in the bottom of the galley support at G just in the rear of the
line of 13 pe last delivered through which slot the lead is forced by the plunger G³
(shown also in Figure 3, the galley support and lead receptacle being removed).
This plunger consists of a piece of thin metal carried in guides G and is connected
by the rod G with the hell-crank-lever G. This lever is pivoted at G (Figs. 6
and 11) and is notuated forwardly by the cam G10 on the shaft and rearwardly
by the coiled spring G. The shaft makes, as heretofore described, one revolution
ns each line of type is delivered onto the galley. As the decreasing face of the
cam G passes the roller on the lever G, the coil spring G" lowers the plunger G³
and a lead is shoved forward above it and against the end of the receptacle. The
return of the plunger under the action of the increasing face of the cam raises the
lead to the level of the galley behind the last standing line of type and in front of
the line just about to be delivered. The delivery of the latter line in the manner
heretofore explained carries the lead with it-both the lead and the line behind
it being moved far enough forward to be out of the way of the lead next to be
inserted. If it is de-ired to have the type delivered onto the galley solid, i.c. with-
out leads, the rod G (Fig. 1) is shoved rearward until its end enters a hole Ga
(Fig. 3) in the lower part of the plunger G. This maintains the plunger in an
elevated position and the delivery of the leads is stopped, the cam G meanwhile
revolving idly.
The spacing wedges which we left in our description strung upon the rod j near
the end thereof, are returned to the position from which they are to be used again
by mechanism as follows: At the completion of the composition of the succeeding
line of type, the line-lever L being depressed sets into operation the shaft
(Figs. 4 and 6) as horetofore described. This shaft carries the crown-cam 10 which

page_text: acts on the roller of the lever . This lever is connected at its upper end with the
block j (Figs. 4 and 5) by means of the link. This block slides in grooves
formed at the lower edges of the bar and carries the trip j. As the cam
revolves, ita inoreasing face drives this block backwards (ie. toward the left of
the machine) and the trip j passes under and beyond the wedges that have been
strung on the end of the rod as described, and trips up behind them. As the
block returns under the action of the spring (Fig. 6) the trip carries the wedges
back with it and adds them to those already at, (Figs. 4 and 5) in position to be
used again. The wedges used in oue line being thus returned to position after that
line has been justified and before the commencement of the assembling of the
second line thereafter, it is apparent that there need be provided in the machino
only enough wedges to fill any two lines.
The magazine for holding space-blanks, or as it is termed, the space-magasine,
and its attendant mechanism for feeding forward the space-blauks-the description
of which, for convenience, has been delayed until now are constructed as follows:
133 (Figs. 1, 5 and 11) is a frame rigidly secured to a fixed support B and to which
the plunger frame before mentioned is attached. The space-magazine consists
of a bank of cases somewhat similar to those for holding the types, one for each of
the different sized space-blanks used-say nine altogether. It fits into the frame.
just mentioned and its position lengthwise thereof is adjusted by the set screw
and jamb nuts B (Figs. 3, 5 and 10). Hinged at 1 (Figs. 1, 5, 9 and 18) is the
frame work D (also Figs. 3 and 11) consisting of the four rods D, D, DP, D,
attached by nuts to the end-pieces D and 1, "Between the lower rods D and D
are placed the thin slats 1, preferably made of steel, mortised at the ends into the
said end pieces D and 1. The end Ds of the frame-work rests on the space-
magazine frame B near its forward end and the frame-work is so placed that each
of the slats is directly above its corresponding case in the space-magazine. Carried
upon these sluts are the followers D' (Fig. 18) fitting loosely thereon and projecting
down into the cases, behind the space-blanks. Cords attached to these followers
(one cord to each follower) pass successively over the rollers D, D, D and Du
(Figs. 1, 3, 5, 9 and 18) the last mentioned rollers being on the inside of the
casting 13 carry at their ends the weights D". The space-blauks are thus fed
up by the weights D as those in front are ejected, friction being sufficient to
hold in place the front space-blank which is over the orifice in the bottom of the
Upou the rods D and D is carried the cross-head 1" (Figs. 1 aud 18) which
is normally at the front of the frame but which being slid hack engages each of
the followers and collects them at the rear end of the frame. This cross-head being
held in this rear position by a hook 1, the frame may be turned up at the hinge
D to remove the space-magazine and replace it by a replenished one.
If desired the space-blanks used in this machine may have their feet slightly
iapered so as to compensate for any slight inaccuracy in the presentation of the
line-spaces to the orifices of the space cases, though this is unnecessary if the
machine is properly constructed.
The first time the wedges are driven into the line by the fixed bumper m' the
tension of the spring pli is exerted upon the full complement of wedges. Each -
succeeding time they are driven in, this tension of the spring pacts upon one leas
wedge, making the amount of pressure up each wedge then remaining in the
line proportionately greater. This condition would result in uneven spacing,
causing the use of several sizes of space-blanks-the last wedge driven in being
liable to require a space-blank some size larger than the first. It is desirable
of course that the line should be as evenly spaced as practicable, and, in order to
overcome the above defect, the bumpers m and m' are placed somewhat obliquely
with reference to the line, the end nearest the space-orifices being nearest the line.
The result of thus skewing the bumpers is to cause the first wedges in the line to
be driven in farther than the succeeding ones, thus causing the latter wedges when
forced in with an increased pressure to be driven in substantially the same distance
as the first ones, and the bumpers are so set that in an average line the increased
distanco to which these latter wedges must be driven is proportional to the increased

page_text: pressure exerted upon them. It will be noticed that that face of the teeth, in
the rack R, against which the pawl bears is not at right angles to the platform, but
recedes towards the rear thereof. This is so that the platform will invariably
return, after the bumping operation, at least the distance of such receding so that,
as the line-holder is advanced along the platform wedges uear the rear end of the
line (which, owing to the above described obliqueness of the platform, projects
rearward farther than the forward wedges) will not impinge against the platform
and prevent proper action. The effect which this skewing of the bumpers produces
might also be accomplished by decreasing the tension of the spring by suitable
means as each wedge is removed.
The machine is driven by a belt running in tight and loose pulleys u (Fig. 2)
on the shafts, a shipper of ordinary type T, being provided to change the belt from
one to the other. Gears and (Fig. 6) drive the shaft s'. A belt over
the pulleys and ³, tensioned by the pulley 10, transmits power to the shaft s³.
The ejector-cylinders e and e' are driven by the belt r (Figs. 4 and 7) running from
the pulley over the idle pulleys, and a crossed belt from another periphery
of the pulley e drives the roller gas elsewhere stated. From the pulley on
shafts (Figs. 4 and 6) a belt drives the return screw ". The wheels and h¹,
geared together as described, are driven by a belt from the pulley (also Fig. 6)
on the jack-shaft, on the other end of which is the pulley driven by a belt
from the pulley on the shaft
Breakage is prevented, in case any thing should get in the way of moving parts
of the machine, by a throw-out connection between the main pulley and its shaft
which opens and allows the pulley to run loosely whenever the total resistance of
the machine is greater than a predetermined maximum. This throw-out conuec-
tion is best shown in Figures 2 and 7. A pawl T is secured to a boss on the main
pulley which is journaled loosely on its shafts. This pawl bears against the
projection on the collar rigidly secured to the shaft . As the pulley rotates
its motion is transmitted to the shaft through this pawl and collar. The bearing
face T of this pawl is slightly beveled and tends to slide off of the projection T
but is ordinarily held thereon by a spring-actuated detent in a recess in the boss
beneath the pawl-said detent having a tapered or pointed head bearing in a de-
pression 1 (Fig. 7 only) in the pawl. When for any reason the total resistance
of the machine exceeds a predetermined maximum this spring will no longer be
able to hold this pawl against the collar, but will allow it to be forced out of
engagement. When once out of engagement the head of the detent springs into a
second depression Ts and holds the pawl away from the collar, allowing the pulley
to revolve loosely on its shaft until the trouble is corrected and the pawl set back
by hand into engaging position.
Many of the mechanisms herein described are capable of great variation without
in the least deporting from my invention. For instance, instead of the line-holder
shifting to register with the space-case and advancing the wedges against the
bumper, the meaus could be inverted and the space-case brought to the line and
the bumper to the wedges; the delivery mechanism of the space-magazine and the
plunger mechanism may be varied so long as they maintain their capacity for
delivering the proper space-blanks into the corresponding line-space; in long
lines of type it may sometimes he desirable to so time the reciprocation of the
platform toward the bumper that two or more space-blanks will be inserted between
the tightening of the wedges; the arrangements for actuating the various parts
might be greatly changed. Numerous other equivalents and mechanical modifica-
tions will readily suggest themselves to one familiar with the art to which this
appertains, it being understood that the invention is not confined to the specific
constructions exemplified; nor must the mention in this specification of certain
equivalent devices and mechanisms be construed to exclude others not mentioned,
said mention being simply by way of illustration and not an enumeration.
Dated this 4th day of August 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Type Setting and Justifying
Machines.
A communication from FRANCIS BARTLEFT CONVERSE, Junior, of 1033 Fourth
Street, in the City of Louisville, County of Jefferson, State of Kentucky,
United States of America, Manufacturer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 111 Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists of a type-setting and justifying machine which, by
mean of a keyboard and suitable operating mechanism, selects the desired
characters from the magazine in which they are contained, places them in line,
and inserts proper-sized space-blanks between the words so that successive lines of
type shall be of the same length (within the allowable limits of variation) without
dividing words, except between syllables, and irrespective of the number of words
or spaces in a given line.
There are many difficulties in the way of constructing a practicable type-setting
and justifying machine. The arrangement of the setting mechanism must bo
such that the types will be formed in line in the exact order in which they are
struck upon the keyboard, no matter where the supplies of the different types aro
located and irrespective of the varying distance between them and the line. And
this result must follow with the very highest speed of operation attainable by the
skilled expert as well as with the slow speed of the beginner. The connection
between the operating keys and the supplies of types and the attendant mechanism
must be such that an actuation of the key will cause the selection of its correspond-
ing type and result in the placing of it in the line, and, at the same time, there
must not be required for this actuation more force or time than is absolutely
necessary. The different sizes of the types and the varying frequency of their
use are also disturbing elements and require the adoption of special expedients to
make a setting mechanism practically successful.
Peculiar difficulties are also met with in the construction of an automatic
justifying mechanism. One of these arises from the fact that different lines do
not contain the same number of words and spaces. One line of an ordinary
newspaper may not have more than four spaces, while the succeeding and pre-
ceding lines may have five, or six, or seven, or more, though the lines be of the
same length. Another difficulty is that the size of the individual spaces, and the
aggregate of spaces, in successive lines constantly varies, as does also the ratio
between the individual spaces and the aggregate. This makes it impracticable to
make any series of space-bianks of such size that the same line can always be filled
out by the use of blanks of one size only. The machine must determine what
different sizes of space-blanks are needed, and how many of each size must be
inserted, as well as accommodate itself to the varying intervals at which they are
to be inserted, and then must select the proper space-blanks from their cases and
insert them at irregular distances. Suppose, for illustration, that there are six
spaces in a given line to be filled, and the aggregate space occupied by them
amounts to 28 units. If the machine were to put in six space-blanks of four units
each, it would fill up only 24 units of space, leaving four units unfilled. Were it
to take space-blanks measuring five units each the six space blanks would take up
thirty units, and would make the line two units too long. The machine, there-
fore, must take two blanks of four units each, and four blanks of five each, which

page_text: together make the 28 units of space. The next line may have forty-three units of
space, yet contain only four spaces. To justify this line it will be necessary for
the machine to take one space blank of ten units and three of eleven units each.
The object of this invention is to provide a machine in which the difficulties
attendant upon setting mechanisms shall have been overcome, and which will
adapt itself to the ever-varying conditions of justification; a machine which will
set type in line in the order in which corresponding keys in the keyboard are
actuated, and which will determine what sizes of space-blanks are needed in each
line, and will select and insert the proper number and sizes accordingly, and thus
automatically justify the lines evenly and accurately.
I will first give a general description of the best embodiment of the invention
at present known to me, after which I will give a specific description with
reference to the drawings left with the Provisional Specification wherein said
embodiment is shown.
The types with which the line is to be composed are placed on their flat sides
in a series of cases (one or more cases for each character used in the machine)
which stand vertically in a line across the machine. Each case has an opening
in the rear near the base, which opening is of less height than the thickness of the
type used in that case. Corresponding to each type case is an ejector har controlled
and set in operation by a key, in a keyboard. When a key is actuated its
corresponding ejector bar is caused by suitable mechanism to enter the corre
sponding type case through the opening in the rear thereof and, (the front of said
case being so covered as to prevent the ejection of any but the lowest type) shove
therefrom the lowest type, after which the ejector bar and key return
normal positions. When the types have been ejected from the front of the type
cases they fall into converging chutes where they are carried by gravity to a
common point, and shoved along by suitable mechanism, one after another, into
a holder, the working length of which is equal to the length of the line desired,
and which for convenience is termed a line-holder. When one word has been
assembled in the line-holder, an actuation of a key provided for that purpose,
acting through suitable mechanism, causes a wedge to be placed in the line-holder
with the thinner end in the line in the place of the ordinary space-blank. (Although
the term "space" is used in the printing art to designate the piece of material
inserted between types to cause a space to appear between the printed letters, still
for convenience in this specification, I will always designate such a piece of
material a "space-blank" reserving the word "space" to mean the void caused
by the absence of material between successive types. But for simplicity the
magazine containing the space blauks will be designated the "space-magazine."
Likewise, for clearness the word "types" will be used for the plural of type instead
of the more usual collective form "type.") When the line-holder has been filled
(as near as may be without dividing words except between syllables) with types
and wedges, the actuation of a lever near the keyboard, which is termed the
line-lever, setting into operation suitable mechanism, causes a movable bumper to
be brought against the butt ends of the wedges, driving them farther in between
the types and taking up all the waste space caused by the line as set up being
shorter than the length of the type-including portion of the line-holder, which length
is equal to the width of the column required. Mention hereinafter of the
length of the line-holder is to be understood as referring to this type-including
length. Succeeding this the line-holder is moved away from the bottom of the type
chutes and an empty line-holder brought into its place. The filled line-holder
is then moved by suitable mechanism in the direction of the length of the line on
to a movable platform where it is caused to stop. Suitable mechanism now set in
operation, moves the platform, and with it the fine-holder, in a direction transverse
to the length of the line, until it is stopped by the butt ends of the wedges coming
against a second and fixed bumper. The line-holder is then shifted in the
direction of the length of the line until it is arrested by the first wedge coming
against a stop. A magazine containing space-blanks varying in size progressively
from the thinnest to the thickest is arranged across the machine, aliove the plat-

page_text: form, and in such a position with reference to the fixed stop that the space-blank
which is of exactly the same thickness as the space between the typos occupied by
the first wedge (or if there is no space-blank of the same thickness, then the next
thinner) will be directly above that part of the wedge which is between the types.
Mechanisms now brought into operation drive the space-blank part of the way into
the line above the wedge (the wedges not being as high as the type), then win-
draw the wedge and string it upon a rod, afterwards driving the space-blank home.
The platform then again moves the line-holder in a direction transverse to its
length, bringing the butt ends of the wedges against the bumper and thus driving
them in to take up any waste space caused by the space-blank inserted being less
in thickness than the section of the wedge between the types, after which the next
wedge is replaced by a space-blank as before. The same operation is gone through
with until all the wedges have been replaced by suitable sized space blanks the wedges
being strung upon a rod from whence they are returned to their original position
to be used again. The line-holder is then advanced further along, until it comes
opposite to the mouth of a galley. The line of type is shoved from the line-holder
into a galley and the line-holder is returned toward its original position ready to
be refilled with types and wedges as soon as the preceding line-holders (for several
are used, their number varying according to the speed of operation) shall have been
filled and moved away. All these operations since the first movement of the line-
holder, follow each other automatically, being controlled by mechanism set in
operation by a single actuation of the line-lever.
The foregoing is a general description of this embodiment of the invention, and
is given for the purpose of clearness, but without the intention of limiting it
to the special devices mentioned therein, or of excluding their equivalents.
Equivalent agencies may be substituted for many of the sub-combinations herein
described without departing in the least from the spirit of the invention. For
instance, in the place of a wedge form of spreading device, in which the thin
portion is placed between the types and the device moved further through the line
to spread the same, any other form of device of proper dimensions capable of being
placed between types and capable of being so moved as to spread the line might be
employed and is within the scope of this invention. The term "spreading device"
will be used in the claims as including such spreading agencies. In general, my
correspondent does not wish to be understood as being limited to the construction
described either in the foregoing description or to be set forth in the following
description, further than is definitely pointed out in the claims.
I will now give a more specific description of the present embodiment of the
invention with reference to the drawings left with the Provisional Specification,
where the same is shown.
Fig. I is a perspective view of the type-setting and justifying machine, taken
from a position on the front or keyboard side at the left hand end of the machine.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the setting portion of the machine, taken from the
right hand end of Fig. 1, showing the disposition of the type-cases ejectors and
keyboard; and Fig. 24, on the same sheet, is a detail showing the manner in which
the finger-keys operate their rock-shafts. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the
machine, having the type case portion and the portion at the extreme left of the
machine (i.e. at the left hand of the operator as he faces the keyboard) cut away.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the plunger frame taken on the line 3-3
of Fig. 10. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the portion of the machine shown in
front elevation in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a plan of the justifying portion of the machine.
Fig. 6 is a sectional plan of the machine, taken on the line 6-6, Figs. 3 and 4.
Fig. 7 is an end elevation taken from the right hand end of the machine. Fig. 8
is a vertical section, taken on the line 8-8, Figs. 3, 4 and 6, looking from the right
hand end of the machine and showing the wedge inserting mechanism. Fig. 9 is
an end elevation from the left hand end of the machine. Fig. 10 is a vertical
section aken on the line 10-10, Figs. 3, 4 and 5, looking from the right hand end
of the machine. Fig. 11 is a vertical section taken on the line 11-11, Fig, 3, 4,
5 and 6, leoking from the left hand of the machine. Fig. 12 is a vertical section

page_text: taken on line 12-12, Figs, 3, 4, 6 and 6, looking from the left hand end of the
machine. Fig. 13 is a vertical section taken on the line 13-13 Fig. 2. Fig. 14 is
a view of the chute plate and the hinged pieces attached to the top thereof, seen
from the same side as in Figure 2. Fig. 15 is a perspective detail view of the
mechanism for enabling one key to correct alternatively with the ejectors of more
than a single type case. Fig. 16 and 17 are detail views showing the methods of
removing the ends of the type casos. Fig. 18 is a vertical section through the
space-magazine and support, taken on the lino 18-18 Fig. 5 showing the
disposition of cords and weights. Fig. 19 is a detail view of the mechanism at
the mouth of the galley for withdrawing the line of type from the line holder and
starting the line holder on its return trip. Fig. 20 is a detail view in plan of the
platform, the fixed bumper and the wedge-withdrawing mechanism. Fig. 21 is a
detail view of the wedge-withdrawing block. Fig. 22 is a detail view showing
the track and other parts at the point of assemblage of the type, looking from the
back side of the machine. Fig. 23 is a horizontal section on line 23-23 of Fig. 10,
showing a portion of the space plunger frame the right hand end of Fig. 23
corresponding to the side of said frame nearest the front of the machine. Fig. 24 is
a detail view of the mechanism for limiting the return movement of the platform,
being a vertical section through its centre. Fig. 25 is a perspective detail view
of the mechanism for retarding the insertion of the wedges. Figs. 26 and 27 are
perspective views of the line-holder-the first, with types and wedges in place;
the second showing the line holder empty and inverted. Fig. 28 shows one of
the spacing wedges. Fig. 29 is a horizontal section taken on line 29-29, Fig. 8.
Fig. 30 shows in plan the end of the romovable space-magazine and orifices
through which the space-blanks are ejected. Figs. 31 and 32 are detail views in
section of a lower portion of a type case, illustrating the use of a groove in the
bottom of said case. Fig. 33 is a detail view of the bell-alarm, to indicate the
completion of a line.
The same reference-letters designate the same part in each figure, but for con-
venience, a there are many figures, I will usually indicate what figures best show
any particular mechanism or part under discussion, and, where attention has oner
been directed to a certain figure ordinarily the description following will refer to
the same figure until others have been referred to.
The finger keys A. (Figs. 1 and 2) by which the type-setting operations are con-
trolled, are mounted upon the top of vertical stems which pass through the frames
of the keyboard and are loosely connected at their lower ends to one of the ends of
the levers a³ (Fig. 2), the other ends of which are rigidly connected to the rock-
shafts a (Figs. 2 and 5) which are journalled at a¹ and a. Rigidly attached at
some other point on each rock-shaft is the lever a. These latter levers are con-
neeted by means of the connecting wires a with the lifting fingers e (Fig. 1)
which are fulcrumed on the rod e. The connecting wires a have turn-buckles
(Figs. 1 and 2) about midway of their lengths by which they may be properly
adjusted.
A bar d (Fig. 13) which I call an ejector, having a thiner front projection d
and a rear portion, adapted to swing vertically, which for con-
venience I call the tail, is held by the guides d, d', do, do, d, in such position
that said tail is directly above the bellerank finger there being as many of these
bars as there are fingers c. The tail of the ejector bar, which is connected to the
front portion d, by means of the knuckle-joint d, is permitted a limited vertical
oscillation about d by the slots in the guides and do. Thus when a finger key
is depressed, the corresponding finger-lever is actuated and this raises the tail
of the corresponding ejector-bar. Above the tails of the ejector bars is placed the
toothed shaft, or, as I for convenience call it, gear-cylinder e (Figs. 2, 13, and 15)
journaled in bearings e, , which engages with teeth d upon the upper side of
the ejector-bar tails, when the same are raised by the fingers e. The gear-cylinder
is continuously revolving in the direction indicated by the arrow, by means of the
belt r. When, therefore, the tail of any ejector-bar is lifted into connection with
the gear-cylinder e, the ejector-bar is caused to move forward. A notch ", on
the under side of the tail, falls over the finger e, when the ojector-bar has moved

page_text: forward a predetermined distance, and the tail drops out of connection with the
gear-cylinder e, and into connection with the gear-cylinder e', journaled in
bearings e (Fig. 2) beneath the tail-there being teeth (Fig. 13) on the under
side of the tail for this engagement. This genr-cylinder c is revolved in the same
direction as the gear-cylinder e by means of the same belt r and draws the ejector-
bar rearward, carrying the finger c and the finger-key A (Fig. 2) to their original
positions. The ejector-bar continues to be drawn rearward until the noteh
(Fig. 13) falls over the gear-cylinder e and the motion of the ejector-bar is
arrested leaving it in its original position. The teeth on the gear-cylinders and
on the ejector-bar tails are made in the ratchet form shown, as it is found that
such construction gives the best results.
The types are contained in vertical type-cases-one, or more, case for each
character used which type-cases collectively extend across the machine. These
Cases are collected into banks of any convenient number, four such banks P
(Figs. 1 and 2) of say twenty-three cases each, being a convenient disposition.
These banks are made of any suitable material, having their sides, backs and
bottoms of sufficient thickness for rigidity, and divided by thinner partitions,
which are soldered or mortised into the back, or otherwise secured into position.
The lower emuls of these cases are closed by the removable end pieces b (Figs. 16
and 17) which are grooved across their width to fit over the ends of the dividing
partitions. They are held in place by means of the pins b' which are attached to
the flat springs be fastened to the outside of the cases and which extend through tho
sides of the cases, and into holes 3 in the ends of the removable end pieces. When
a case has been removed from the machine and the upper ends of the levers s
pivoted by the side of the flat spring pieces are pulled toward the end piece b,
the lower ends of the said levers which are wedge shaped, enter between the
spring pieces and the sides of the cases and cause the withdrawal of the pins b'.
This permits the removal of the ends of the cases, which is done for the purpose
of more conveniently filling the cases with type, either by hand or by a distributing
machine.
These banks of cases are held against the fronts f³ (Figs. 2 and 13) by hooks f
which swing on the rod fo supported by the standards f. The fronts f³ are
preferably made of glass. A separate front for each bank is desirable, and is the
form shown, though one piece of glass could serve for all the banks. When the
fronts are separate they preferably consist of plates f (Fig. 1) supported in
the frame f (Fig. 1) hinged at f (also Fig. 13). When a bank of cases is
removed from the machine (which is done by tipping it backward and then lifting
it out), this hinge f" allows the glass front to swing back with it until the pin f¹³,
projecting from the top of the frame, comes into contact with the rod f. This is a
sufficient distance to prevent any of the vertical lines of type from falling out
forward.
Types are placed in the cases horizontally upon their sides, with their feet
toward the back of the cases. An aperture (Fig. 13) is formed in each case
opposite the foot of the lowest type. Through this aperture the forward end d³ of
the ejector-bar acts as previously described to eject the type, the edges of the
aperture being slightly heveled so that the ejector-bar may enter smoothly. The
ejection of more than a single type is prevented by the pieces 9 covering the
lower part of the case.
A type having been ejected from its case, as the ejector is withdrawn, the face
end of the next type is permitted to fall first, resulting in a decided tendency of
the types to hang in the position shown in Fig. 31, the face end resting on the
bottom of the case, and the foot end elevated so that, as the ejector again enters,
it will pass beneath the bottom type, and lift the column of types instead of
engaging and ejecting the bottom one. This effect it has been found by experi-
ment, may be corrected by forming a groove in the front part of the bottom of the
case, as shown at f³ (Fig. 32).
On the top of the line of types in each case is placed a metal slug or follower fo
(Fig. 13) which descends with the types. When the types from any case shall

page_text: have become exhausted, the follower will have descended to the bottom of that
case, and being higher than the opening through which the type is ejected, will
be unable to pass out thereat, and consequently will stop the ejector-bar on its
next movement. The gear-cylinder e (Fig. 7) is driven by means of the belt r,
running over the pulley . This pulley is loose ou the cylinder shaft, and com-
municates its motion to the cylinder by means of friction between itself and the
fibre collar fixed on said shaft. The pressure causing this friction is supplied
and adjusted by the spring and the nuts . This loose connection is provided
so that when an ejector strikes one of the followers, the pulley e' will slip on the
shaft and thus perinit the gear-cylinder to stop. The operator is thus immediately
notified that the types from a case have become exhausted.
As the type is ejected from its case, in the manner described, its face end is
received and supported by the ledge g (Figs. 13 and 14) and its foot is left free to
fall to a nearly vertical position between the guides g', from which position it
slides, foot foremost into the top of the chute the opening g", into which the
face end of the type is received upon ejection being just large enough to allow the
type to fall toward its vertical position freely, without permitting it to turn over
from its flat side. The pieces forming the ledge g are hinged at so that they may
be operated outwardly for the purpose of cleaning, etc. The pieces o are secured
to the guides g' and are held against the front of the type cases by the buttons 910
in such position as to permit only the lowest type to be ejected from any case, as
previously stated. A roller g's, continuously revolving in a left hand direction
(indicated by the arrow in Fig. 4), is placed in the path of the foot of the type to
assist in the downward movement of the type and prevent it from hanging, as
would be likely to be the case, especially with the lighter letters, if they were
permitted to fall against a fixed surface. The roller is receives its motion from
the crossed belt (Fig. 4) which runs over the pulley e, on the rear end of said
roller, and over the periphery of the double pulley which is driven by the
belt r.
The types fall from the ledges g into converging chutes 9 in the plate 13
(Figs. 1, 2, 13 and 14). These chutes are cut or otherwise formed in the plate g
which I term the chute-plate, and they all converge into a common channel g¹³
at the foot of said plate. These chutes are so curved that every type travels
approximately the same distance and encounters substantially the same frictional
resistance in falling from its point of ejectment to the common channel 913, thus
insuring that the type which is first ejected will first reach the said common
channel. It has been found convenient to place the guides g' (Fig. 14), leading
into the corresponding chutes, opposite every other partition between the type
cases, and this is the construction shown in the drawings, although this particular
disposition is not essential. The chute plate is fastened to the frame of the machine
at g (Figs. 2 and 3) and near its lower end to the block 9. The chutes are
covered with a glass plate g (also Fig. 13) hinged at and held against the
chute-plate by the hook g' (also Figs. 2, 3 and 14). The glass plate allows the
operator to observe the descent of the types, and may be swung open for the removal
of types clogged in the channel, caused by striking two finger keys at once, and for
cleaning, etc.
Some characters, as for instance, "e," "a" and "o" are used much more
frequently than others. It is therefore desirable to furnish two or more cases of
such characters, in order that the operator may not have to stop so frequently to
change the bank of cases. It is also desirable that types from either one of the
cases containing the same character shall be ejected by the depression of the same
key. This is accomplished in the following manner. The cases containing the
snine characters, as for instance, three "e"-cases, are placed adjacent to each
other in the banks. One ejector-raising finger c (Fig. 15) is furnished for the
three cases the finger being free to move on the rod c, on which it is fulcrumed,
from one ejector to another. The shifting rods c¹ having pins projecting there-
from as shown at c3 extend across the machine beneath the ejector-bars. The
pius 3 engage on opposite sides of the raising fingers c, and thus a longitudinal
C

page_text: movement of a shifting-rod will cause its corresponding raising-finger to be moved
under another ejector. The front ends of the shifting rods are bent at cle and
each rod is marked, for distinguishment, by the letter to which it belongs. A
furcated spring presses into notches c¹ in the rods c, holding them sufficiently
firmly at the points intended. Thus when the stopping of the gear-cylinder
indicates (as heretofore explained) that the types of some certain character are
exhausted, if the character (indicated by the key remaining depressed) is one of
those of which there are more than one case, the operator simply shifts the rod c¹
and proceeds.
At a point in the common channel 13, (Figs. 8 and 22) below the confluence of
an the chutes, is placed the wheel h having a fictional surface of rubber or other
material. This wheel is placed tangentially to the common channel near the foot
thereof, and is continuously revolved in a left hand direction (i.e. toward the right
in Fig. 22, which is looking from the back of the machine). This wheel
is carried on the shaft (also Figs. 3 and 12) journaled in the uer end of the
Oscillating support which is pivotally supported on the stud " screwed into
the block On this stud is also the gear wheel meshing with the gear on the
shaft h. That end of the shaft 2 which carries the wheel passes through a slot,
in the block g, long enough to permit the desired oscillation, the purpose of which
will be hereinafter described. The gear wheel 3 journaled as described swings in
its oscillation in a path concentric with the pitch circle of the gear h and thus
the gears are always in mesh irrespective of the position of the gear ³.
By means of a coiled spring the support is drawn towards the channel g¹³
until its motion is stopped by the adjustable set screw h (Fig. 3) in such position
that the wheel h just fails to touch the back of the channel g¹³. Below the
wheel and slightly in advance thereof is placed the wiper-wheel A (Figs. 8, 12, 22
and 29) secured to the shaft A. On the end of the shaft 2 is a gear wheel o
meshing with a gear wheel on the stud ". A belt running over the pulley h¹³
(Figs. 3, 8, 12 and 29) drives the gear wheel ho and the gear wheel already
referred to, the pulley and the gear wheels being rigidly secured together and all
journaled on the stud ".
The
The wheels and h¹ are, by the means above described, revolved in the same
direction, i.e. downward on the side which comes in contact with the type. A typo
falling against the upper one is drawn between it and the chute-plate, the spring h
permitting the wheel to retreat sufficiently to allow the type to pass.
retraction of this wheel is not merely dependent upon its action in drawing the type
between it and the back of the channel. Were it so, making this wheel as small
in diameter as is desirable, the thickest letters might not be drawn through.
From the manner in which it receives its power, as soon as the wheel is retarded
by the falling of the type against it, the revolution of the gear he against the now
retarded gear ha, has a tendency to carry the latter around with it, thus swinging
the wheel backward, until the type is permitted to pass between it and the back of
the channel. After the type has passed, the spring h7 brings the support and
the wheel back into position. The wheel thus receiving the types makes it
impossible for them to turn over from their flat sides in the channel, which in
order to accommodate the largest type must necessarily be of a greater dimension
from front to back than would be allowable to invariably correctly guide the
smallest type. The wheel h guides the type down to the wiper-wheel
(Figs. 8, 22, and 29). This wiper-wheel consists of a hub from which project a
plurality of arms preferably four. These arms are ordinary wiper- or tappet-arms,
having their front edges curved to apply a gradual pressure to the body against
which they bear, and their rear edge radial. The wheel revolves rapidly and as
the radial edge of one arm receives the foot of a type and lowers it, the curved
edge of the following arm comes against the rear side of the type and advances it,
and thus the type is delivered downward and forward to a point beyond the path
of the type next succeeding. Before the upper end of the type is free from the
wheel the lower end is held against the type next preceding (or against the end
of the line-holder, to be hereinafter described, in case this is the first type in the line)

page_text: by the wiper-wheel ', thus preventing the possibility of the types swerving in any
way as they are assembled in line.
As the types are set up in the manner described they are assembled in the line-
holder (Figs. 5, 26, 27 and 29) which holds and carries the line of types and
which is shoved forward by cach type as it is inserted. This line-holder consists
of a flut plate having a rabbet along its front upper edge, the width of which is
equal to the width of the body of the type used. At each end of this plate are the
flanges terminating the rabbet and limiting the length of the line carried. This
line-holder may be made so as to be adjustable to different lengths of line desired,
but is preferably made fixed, using when necessary rigid line-holders of
different working length though on bases of the same length. The flanges fit
beneath the rail 3 (Figs. 5 and 22). The rails (also Figs. 3 and 4) maintain
the upper ends of the types in position, the feet of the types being in the groove
formed by the rabbet and the rail. These rails and run from tho
foot of the delivery channel through that part of the machine used in justifying
and maintain the types in place. The recesses in the flanges of the line-holder
are for the purpose of permitting it to pass the wiper-wheel as well as to allow the
operation of the mechanism for delivering the line into the galley, and starting the
line-holder on its return trip, to be hereinafter explained. On the under side of
the line-holder are the feet (Fig. 27) designed to fit the grooves (Figs. 5, 8, 10,
12, 1920 and 29) to guide it along its path. The projecting lip ", also on the
under side of the line-holder and at the forward end thereof, is of use in returning
the line-holder to its original position after the completion of a line, as will be
hereinafter explained.
20
A word having been assembled in the line-holder as described, the space-key A¹
(Figs. 2 and 7) is depressed. The ultimate result of this depression is the inser
tion into the line of a wedge which acts as a temporary spacing device. The
immediate effect is the lowering of the front end of the lever As fulcrumed at A³
which neting through the connecting rod as and the bell-crank raises the bar c
(having teeth cut in its upper edge, similar to those in the ejector-bars d, already
described) into engagement with the ratchet teeth c on the overhanging end of the
continuously revolving shaft (Fig. 6). This mechanism is shown in detail in
Figure 25, and is for the purpose of retarding the insertion of the spacing wedges,
so that their entrance into the line may follow at the same interval after the
depression of the space-key as does the entrance of a type after the depression of its
key. In order that the operation of this mechanism may be better understood, the
description thereof will be postponed until after the wedges and the mechanism
for inserting the same shall have been described.
The spacing wedges j, one of which is shown in Figure 28, are preferably made
of steel, with their width equal to about a third the height of a type, and their
thickness varying from somewhat less than the thinnest space-blauk used in the
machine to a little thicker than the thickest, the taper being determined by
the series of the space-blanks used. The working portion is included between the
points 73, 7, (Fig. 28) beyond which there is an extension in each direction-at the
smallest end an extension 3, thinner than the thinnest space-blank and at the large
end an extension 7', thicker than the thickest. The extremity of the large end
is beveled as shown at 16, and near said extremity on one side of the wedge is the
notch Through the thicker extension and toward the bottom thereof is tho
eye open at the bottom. The whole piece of metal, for convenience, I
call a wedge" although as before stated, it has an inclined side for only a
portion of its longth. The form of wedge shown in the drawings and above
described is believed to be the most satisfactory, though the attendant parts
might be easily modified to operate with various other forms, either simple or
compound.
By means of the eye the wedges are strung upon the rod (Figs. 4, 5, and 29)
with their thin ends resting on the rod. They are held against the guide bar j
by the click carried on the block j which is pressed towards the wedges by the

page_text: force of a spring 7 (Fig. 6) coiled around the hub of the lever jo, to which lever
the block (Figs. 4 and 5) is connected by means of the link
3
Carried on the guide-bar (Figs. 4, 5, 8 and 29) is the recíprocating block
to which is rigidly attached, on the side of the guide next to the wedges, the bar.
This block and bar are moved along the guide in a rearward direction by the
link (Fig. 8) the lever jo, and the cam acting on the roller on said lever.
When the cam has imparted the maximum of rearward movement to the block and
bar the latter will be far enough back from the wedges to permit the first wedge
under the action of the spring, as already described, to be pressed forward into
the path of said bar in front thoreof. As the decreasing face of the cam "passes
the roller on the lever 10 the block and bar are driven forward by the action of
the spring (Fig. 6) coilea around the hub of the said lover. As the bar advances
it shoves the wedge which is in front of it forward and across the line-holder. The
point of the wedge comes against the beveled portion 4" of the wiper-wheel A¹
(Fig. 29) and is guided thereby behind the last type in the line. While the wedge
is coming into position it passes behind the end of the spring wire " (also Fig. 8)
which holds it against the guide , yielding as the increasing portion of the
wedge comes behind it. When the reciprocating har shall have reached its
extreme forward position the wedge will have been inserted the desired distance
into the line. At the same time the wire springs into the eye (Fig. 28) of
the wedgo preventing it from being carried further by momentum. When the
wedge is thus stopped in this forward movement it stands with its thin straight
portion in the line of type. In this position it is shown in the line full of types seen
in Figure 26. The cam operating this wedge inserting mechanism is on
the shaft (Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 25) which may be connected by the clutch & with the
continuously revolving shaft s, which latter shaft receives its motion from the
main shafts of the machine by means of the gears j, j (Fig. 6). The action of
the clutch is as follows: Keyed on the continuously revolving shaft is tha
elutch member. The other member is connected by a spline and groove with
the shaft and is ereby capable of independent motion lengthwise of the
shaft, into and out of engagement with the driving member. It is held out of
engagement by the pin (actuated by the space key, as hereinafter des-
cribed) bearing against the segment of a collar on the hub of the member 15.
This segment has its bearing face inclined in the direction of its circular length
and is similar to the segment on the clutch , or the segment on the
clutch 8. When the pin is withdrawn from contact with the seguent or benrs
against that portion of the face thereof which is more distant from the clutch-
members, the coil spring 2 surrounding the shaft r, forces the driven member
of the clutch into engagement with the driving member . Thus upon the with-
drawal of the pin rotation is immediately communicated to the shaft from the
continuously revolving shaft s'. If, after the shaft has made part of a revolution,
the pin is returned to its position (after the remainder of the segment has rotated
past it) it will, toward the end of the revolution, stand in the path of the inclined
face of the segment, and during the remainder of the revolution will be bearing
against said face and facing the driven member of the clutch away from the
driving member, and, just as the clutch has completed its revolution, will completely
disengage the two members. The driven member cannot be revolved by momentum
beyond its original position on account of the segment, which at this point is
continued up against the annular back of the member forming a wall against
which the pin bears. Thus the shaft and with it the cam make exactly
one complete revolution with each withdrawal and returning of the pin, and
the wedge inserting mechanism, operated by said cam, is inactive, except when
the pin is withdrawn and a revolution permitted.
I will now return to the mechanism for communicating the motion of the
space-key to the parts which operate upon the wedge-inserting lever which I
have heretofore alluded to, and which on account of one of its functions, I will
call the wedge-retarding mechanism. The bar (Figs. 6, 7 and 25) being
brought into engagement with the revolving toothed shaft, by the depression

page_text: by a
of the space-key A', as described, the said hur is driven backward until the
adjustable collar e' strikes the lever and pushes it backward. This by means
of the rock-shaft ' and the lever, withdraws the pin from the clutch and
permits the members to engage and the shaft and the cam to revolve and thus
insert a wedge. The bar, falling out of engagement with the toothed shaft
the notch coming over the end of the raising finger of the bell-crank (as in
the case of the ojectors heretofore described) is returned by the teusion of the
spring The collar ", adjustably secured on the bar near the rear end
thereof, thus comes against the lever and causes the pin to be raised into
position to open the clutch at the end of the revolution.
The occasion arises for the use of the above described connection between the
space-key and the clutch k, instead of direct acting levers, from the following
consideration: An appreciable interval of time follows after the depression of a
key in the keyboard before the type reaches its position in the line-holder-say,
for the sake of example, one second. The wedge must follow at the same interval
behind the depression of the space-key in order that it shall not be inserted in the
line before the type that should precede it. This could be accomplished by giving
the shaft carrying the cam ja sufficiently slow rate of revolution (once a second).
But in this case the space-key could be effectively depressed only at intervals of
a second. This is more time than is required for the setting of words of only one
or two letters, and hence after setting such a word there would have to be a
sufficient delay before actuating the space-key to allow the clutch to finish its
revolution; or if the space-key were earlier depressed it would have to be held
until the completion of the revolution. This delay would of course be undesirable.
To avoid it the collars and el are so set that a half of the supposed second is
consumed in driving the collar against the lever to withdraw the pin, and
by causing the clutch k to make a complete revolution in a half second the second
will be consumed between the depression of the space-key and the delivery of the
wedge. The bar returning immediately after its operation under the retraction
of the spring 0, the space-key may again be depressed before the end of the
revolution of the clutch k, the travel of the bar consuming the time until the
revolution is completed. Thus the space-key cau be depressed at intervals of half
a second delivering each wedge into the line after the lapse of a second from the
time of depression.
The operations just described are repeated for each space in the line, the insertion
of each wedge of course shoving the line-holder forward a distance equal to the
thickness of the wedge at the place where it intersects the line of type. It is desir
able that there should be means of notifying the operator when the line is nearly
completed so that he may be able to make it end at the end of a word or syllable
without the necessity of watching the line-holder. To do this mechanism is pro-
vided as follows: As the line-holder is being brought along the track (Fig. 5)
from its position of rest at towards its working position at i as will be hereafter
described, the forward end of the line-holder comes into contact with the beveled
shoulder on the piece (Figs. 29 and 33) and shoves the piece along with it
against the tension of the spring until the projection on the bottom of the
forward end of the said piece comes over the cavity . The line-holder continuing
in its forward movement forces the projection into the cavity and rides over
the shoulder holding the piece in this forward position until, when the line-
holder has been nearly filled with types and wedges, the rear end passes off from
the forward end of said piece permitting it to be retracted by the spring The
retraction causes the hammer to strike and ring the bell thus notifying the
operator that the line is nearly completed.
When as many words or syllables as the line will carry without crowding have
been assembled with wedges inserted hetween the words, the lever L (Figs. 1, 2, 3
and 7) which I term the line-lever, is depressed (it is shown as depressed in
each figure though it will only be in this position when the operator's hand is on
it). This lever is fren to turn on the mock-shaft L', but when raised the hook L
engrges the notch in the collar I which is fixedly attached to the rock-shaft. As

page_text: the lever is depressed this rock-shaft L' is turned until the hook, striking the bar L',
releases the collar, when the shaft is revolved back to its original position by the
spring L. On the other end of this shaft L is the lever L (Figs. 3 and 4)
operating the pin 10 which serves to maintain the members of the clutch 3 out of
engagement. The action of this clutch is similar to that of the clutch hereto-
fore explained so that the description thereof need not be here repeated. The
above described connection between the line-lever L and the rock-shaft L' is pro-
vided so that the pin 10 will be returned to position as soon as the clutch has
rotated the proper distance therefor even though the operator should hold down the
line-lover. When the operator removes his hand from the line-lever the spring L'
returns the same to position and the hook I drops into the notch L ready for
another depression.
When the depression of the line-lever L causes the withdrawal of the pin
from the clutch, the two members of the clutch engage and communicate to the
shaft (Figs. 4 and 6) one complete revolution from the continuously revolving
shaft s. Upon the shafts are the cams, n, m³, 19, Go, o and g, the operation of
which will ha described in the order in which they are concerned.
The first operations upon the assembled line of types are produced by the cums m
and n which perform their functions in successive half revolutions of the shaft,
the cams m in the first half, and the cam n in the second. Considering first the
cam m this cam bears against the roller m² (Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 12) on the lever m
which is connected by the link m to the reciprocating block m. A spring m
coiled about the hub of the lever me presses the lever in the direction of the cam
and causes the roller m² to constantly hear upon the face thereof. Adjustably
secured to the block 3 by means of the screw m is the piece m which, on
account of its function to be immediately desegilded, may be,called the movable
bumper. This bumper stands opposite the large ends of the wedges in the
assembled line. As the cam revolves, the decreasing face thereof bearing
against the roller ', the bumper is advanced by the spring m against the ends
of the wedges driving them through the line of types causing the line to be
expanded to the limits of the line-holder. The increasing face of the cam bearing
against the roller causes the withdrawal of the bumper. This has taken one half
of the revolution of the shaft.
There must of course be roonr enough between the edge of the bumper and the
guide (Fig. 5) to allow for the convenient insertion of the wedges into the line.
Owing to this space, unless some precaution was taken the bumper might miss a
wedge which happened to be placed very near the last end of the line say with
only the letter "a" following it. To obvinte this difficulty, there is, in a recess
in the guide 3 (also Fig. 29), the small lever 15 against which the wedge passes
in its travel to the line-holder.
The wedge, being between the guide and the spring wire j" presses the lever
backward onto its seat until the eye in the wedge comes opposite said spring wire.
At this point the wire springs into the eye, the travel of the wedge stops as
heretofore explained, and the lover under the tension of the spring to shoves
the large end of the wedge far enough sidewise so that the bumper in its forward
movement will in any event engage it.
At the beginning of the second half of the revolution of the shaft the decreasing
face of the cam n (Figs. 4 and 6) meets the roll on the lever n. This lever is
on the rock-shaft 3 on the other end of which is the lever n connected by means
of the link n (Fig. 22) with the reciprocating bar . This bar, which would be
seen in Figure 5 if the two forward line-holders i and were removed, is supported
on the side of the track 3 by a T-tongue sliding in the T-groove n (Figs. 12
and 22). On this reciprocating har n are the trips a" and a of which a stands
just behind the line-holder when filled and 8 behind the following line-holder
shown at 3 in Figure 5. Around the rock-shaft n³ (Fig. 6) is coiled a spring 10.
This spring by means of the lever and link moves the bar toward the left of the
machine (ie. toward the right in Figure 22) while the decreasing face of cam 16
(Figs. 4 and 6) is passing the roll . In this forward motion of the bar the

page_text: trip (Fig. 22) engages the filled line-holder and advances it along the track
(also Fig. 5) to a position on the movable platform p in advance of the trip pl.
At the same time the trip on the bar n engages the next following line-holder
(shown in Figure 5 at 1) and advances it to a position at the point of assemblage
ready to receive the types and wedges of a new line.
The ends of the line-holder being recessed as heretofore described the first type
coming into the line would tend to have its foot shoved into the recess, in the
forward end and to lean in a slanting position against the wiper-wheel instead of
being set up with its foot in the groove formed by the rabbet and the rail. To
prevent this mechanism is provided, described below, which has not been earlier
explained because its operation could not be so well understood. E, (Figs. 12
and 22) is a detent-lever secured to the rock-shaft E and provided with a bell-
crank arm having a weight E attached thereon. The end of this detent-lever E
stands just in front of the wiper-wheel and closes the recess in the forward end of
the line-holder, in such position that the first type in the line comes against it.
Secured to the rock-shaft E' (Figs. 3 and 22) are also the arms F3 and E the
latter of which is very short. This rock-shaft is carried in the bearings and E
and is free to move lengthwise as well as turn through a portion of a revolution.
As the types come in behind the detent-lever, it and the connected parts described
are advanced. The weight E tends to cause the detent-lever to swing out of the 2
path of the line of type, but this is prevented by the arm E which bears against
the under side of the block E. When the arm E has traversed the length of the
block and slides off of it, the detent-lever is swung by the weight out of the path of
the line, and the end of the armi E swings up beneath the bar ne. In this position
all the parts stand until the line-lever is depressed at the conclusion of the line.
As the bar n advances to carry the filled line-holder to the platform as already
described, the trip on said bar trips over the end of the arm E³, and as the bar
returns brings the arm back with it, and the end of the arm E, which was
swung up even with the front edge of the block I when the detent-lever was tipped
from its detaining position, returns along the front edge of the said block. As
the arm is thus carried back, it encounters the spring Es which tends to swing
the parts back into their initial positions but is prevented by the end of the arm
bearing against the block. As the arm F slides off the end of the block, as it
does when the detent-lever comes opposite the position in which it is intended
to stand in the end of the line-holder, the spring pressing down on the arm
depresses it and swings said defent-lever into position, maintaining it thus until
types enough (one or two) have come behind it to advance it sufficiently to bring
the arm under the block E. After the first type is in the line-holder, the
function of the detent-lever is finished, but it travels far enough (the longth of the
block E) to permit the arm to swing up clear of the spring as said detent-
lever swings out of the path of the line of type-the arm 1 only encountering
this spring again as it is being returned, after the arm is against the front edge
of the block E. When the detent-lever tips from the line it swings through a
sufficient are to be out of the way of the wedges as they are driven into the line
by the movable bumper.
In order that the mechanism described for advancing the line-holder may not
operate if it should contain either too few or too many types for proper justifica-
tion, the following governing device is provided. Carried on the block m³
which supports the movable bumper m (Figs. 5 and 12) is the raising bar
pivoted on the horizontal stud . The front end of this bar is at an angle as
shown and it projects laterally from the block ³ a sufficient distance to take into
a notch on the inner side of the upper end of the rod. The rod is connected
by the lever (Figs. 3, 8, 12 and 22) and the shaft with the detent which
stands just in front of the forward end of the reciprocating bar n (which as hereto-
fore described carries the trips and n to advance the line-holders) and locks
said bar against forward movement. When the bumper m (Figs. 5 and 12) is
advanced against the ends of the wedges and drives them further through the line
as described, the raising bar engages with the notch in the rod. The inclined

page_text: ond of the bar advancing raises the rod which tips the detent forward and out
of the path of the bar thus permitting the latter to advance the line-holder when
the decreasing face of the cam a permits the spring n to act. This is the action
of the raising bar r when the line contains a proper amount of type for justification.
But suppose there are too many typos in the line-holder, so that the wedges cannot
spread them sufficiently to permit the entrance of the smallest size of space-blanks.
The raising-barr is so adjusted with reference to the bumper m that in this case
as the bumper is stopped by the wedges, the inclined end of the said bar will not
have raised the rod sufficiently to throw the end of the detent out of the path
of the barn, and the spring 20 will not be able to drive the bar forward when the
cam n permits. On the other hand, if there were too few types in the line so that
the largest space-blanks will not be able to fill it, the bumper m will
pass forward
so far that the notch (Fig. 5) in the raising bar r comes under the end of the
rod. This permits said rod to fall by its own weight, returning the detent into
the path of the bar and locking it. As the bumper returns to its original
position the raising bar passes over the end of the rod and drops into its
normal position as shown. Thus whenever there are either too many or too few
types in the line to permit proper justification the advancing mechanism is locked
and the line-holder will not he advanced until the irregularity shall have bren
corrected. The occasion for the use of this governing mechanism will seldom
arise with the skilled operator, but it is provided so that in no event may a line
that is either too short or too long to be properly justified be started into the
justifying machine.
As the lever n' (Fig. 6) advances under the action of the spring no (the detent 25
being tipped away from the front of the bar as above described) the lug "
attached thereto strikes the collar in the rod n" forcing it forward. The
forward end of this rod is formed in the shape of a flat wedge and passes
through a hole in the block and through a notch in the upper side of the pin
slidably supported by said block. The hole is shown at Al in Figure 12 and a
portion of the notch is visible through it. The result of thus forcing the wedged
end into the notch in the pin is to throw the latter from the driven clutch-
member K permitting it to engage with the driving member under the action of
the spring and establishing a community of rotation between the shaft ** and
the shaft.
Upon the shaft, rotated as above described, are the cams p, p, p, to and t, of
which and p are made in one piece. The first of these cains to be considered
is which operates the movable platform upon which the line-holder with its
contained types and wedges has been left by the advancing movement of the bar a*.
The explanation of the operation of this and the other cams will be postponed until
after the platform itself has been described.
The platform, (Figs. 1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22 and 24) is something more than
twice the length of the line-holder and has continued across its length the
rails i, and and the groove already referred to, and along its rear edge is
the T-groove in which the piece carrying the trip slides. The platform
has a backward and a forward motion on the guides and and is controlled by
the levers p connected therewith by the links. These levers are rigidly attached
to the shaft (Figs. 3, 6 and 12). To this shaft is also rigidly secured the
lever which extends rearward and to the end of which the spring p" is attached.
This spring tends to draw the platform backward, but it is overcome by the tension
of a stronger spring (Figs. 10 and 11) acting through the lever and p" and
the rod, which rod is secured to the platform and passes loosely through an
elongated hole in the said lever and has near its end the collar against which
the said lever bears. On the shaft p" to which the levers p" and pls are attached
is the lever 18 (Figs. 3, 6, 6 and 11) carrying the roll p which bears against the
cam 3.
The first effective operation produced by the revolution of the shaft s, above
referred to, is by the cam pa, the other cams on the shaft operating idly meanwhile.
The increasing face of the camp, acting upon the lever, moves the lover pl

page_text: *This
backwards against the tension of the spring ps and permits the platform p to be
pulled backward on the guides p, 1 by the retraction of the coil spring", acting
through the lever plo, the shaft p, and the levers p', and the links p. The rear-
ward movement of the platform brings the butt ends of tho wedges in the composed
line in the line-holder against the fixed bumper m' (Figs. 5 and 20).
bumper is adjustably supported, being held by the screw m³ passing through a
slotted hole, and the set screws 10 and m10 abutting against the stationary bar 0.
This bringing the wedges against the bumper drives them into the line with a
force determined by the strength of the spring p. When they have reached a
point where any further driving in would require a force greater than that of the
said spring the platform stops. The lever p slides loosely along the rod 15 and
is thus permitted to make its full swing under the action of the cam 2 indepen-
dently of the point at which the platform may be stopped. The greatest radius
of the cam having passed the roll on the lever p18 the tension of the spring pls,
being greater than that of the spring p, tends to cause the platform to return to
its original position. This return movement is impeded by the tooth of the rack R
(Figs. 10 and 24) attached to tho under side of the platform, becoming engaged
with the pawl R. The purpose of the operation will be described shortly.
Above the platform is the magazine of space-blanks B (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11
and 30). This consists of a series of cases of a width to receive the space-
blanks used, arranged parallel with each other, and having orifices, as at B¹
at a point above the middle of the platform. These orifices are arranged
as shown in a straight line at right angles to the line of types in the
line-holder, and the first space-blank in each case is fed up to a point
directly over the orifice by menus to be hereafter described. The space-blank
cases are equal distances apart, the case nearest the front of the machine con-
taining the thinnest space-blanks, the next case to it containing the next thicker,
and so on across, the thickest space-blanks being contained in the most rearward
case. The rack R (Fig. 24) above referred to, is attached to the platform midway
of its length and upon its under side. The teeth R³ of this rack are the same
distance apart as the space orifices in the space-magazine. The pawl 1', having
the projecting arm Re working either side of the wedge-faced click Rs, engages
with the teeth in this rack. After the rearward movement of the platform carrying
the line-holder is stopped by the welges coming against the bumper, the platform
tends to return to its initial position, but will do so only for a distance shorter than
the distance between two consecutive teeth of the rack R, when it will be arrested.
The rack is so placed, that the platform will be stopped at a point such that as the
line-holder is advanced in the direction of its length, the line of types will pass
vertically beneath the case in the magazine containing space-blanks of the same
thickness as the line-space occupied by the said wedges, or if no space-blank is of
the same thickness, then the next thinner.
Following the action of the cam 2 above described the decreasing face of the
crown-cam passes the roll p20 on the lever (Figs. 3, 5, 6, 10 and 22). The
upper end of this lever is made in the spade-handle form shown, the rod p
passing through a slot in the foot of the downwardly projecting leg of the block 2³
which is slidably supported at the back of the platform by a T-tongue which bears
in a T-groove in the rear edge of said platform. Thus the rod imparts its
motion to the sliding block, and at the same time its length allows the platform
to make its full backward and forward movement-the leg of the block sliding
ou the said rod p. Pivoted at pl (Fig. 22) is a trip which trips up behind the
line-holder, engaging with it when the block 75 advances. As the decreasing face
on the
the
the platform by means of the trip, the block, line-holder is advanced along
the tension of the spring 1 (Fig. 10) coiled around the hub of the lever, until
arrested by the first wedge in the line-holder being stopped by its ends coming
against the stop 3 (Figs. 3, 10, and 20) and the edge of the lever (Figs. 5
and 20). These points are so adjusted as to stop the wedge in a position vertically
beneath the line of orifices of the space-magazine. Any remainder of the

page_text: decreasing face of the cam 2 moves idly by, and when the increasing face bears
upon the roll 20 on the lever 21 the block is returned and the line-holder left
standing in the above described position.
Attached to the frame in which the space-magazine is carried, is the frame-
work F (Figs. 1, 3, 3, 4, 9, 10 and 11) carrying plungers F, each of these
plungers being in a position directly above the first space-blank in the case beneath
it, in such mauner that a depression of the plunger will eject the space-blank
through its orifices. Springs F (best shown in Figure 3) make a sufficient friction
against the plungers to hold them in a raised position. These plungers, uniform
in thickness throughout their upper portions, are reduced at thoir lower portions
to the thickness of their corresponding space-blanks so that they may pass through
the orifices B (Fig. 30). In order that the reduced portion of those plungers
which act upon the smallest space-blanks may be sufficiently rigid they are
provided with ribs F (Figs. 10 and 23)-the corresponding orifices being notched
to allow the passage of the same.
The frame containing these plungers carries also the open cross-head F
Figs. 1, 3, 34, 5, 9, 10 and 11). On the back side of the cross-head are the cross-
bars 13 forming a slot between them in which works a block F. This block
projects a sufficient distance to engage with a lug F7 on a plunger-there being
one such lug on each plunger, and the block 1 being only wide enough to engage
one lug at a time. The block F is attached to the rod F8 which passes through
bearings in the cross-head 5 and is connected by a vertically slidable connection
with the standard F which is rigidly secured to the platform by means of the
bar Fo (Figs. 3, 5 and 10) screwed to the under side thereof. Thus the block Fa
partakes of the transverse movement of the line-holder on the platform, but may
travel up and down independently thereof, and it is so adjusted that it engage
with the lug projecting from the plunger corresponding to that space-case which
is directly above the line in the line-holder.
At the beginning of the second revolution of the shaft s the increasing face of
the crown-cam t meets the roll t' on the bell-crank lever (Figs. 1, 3, 6, 10
and 11), causing it to pull the cross-head F³ downward by means of the connecting
rod 13. This depression of the cross-head causes the block 16 to engage with, and
depress, the proper plunger to drive a space-blank into the line-space above the
first wedge. The increase in this face of the cam is just enough to drive the
space-blank into the line until it almost touches the wedge, this distance being
nearly one half the height of the type. During the passage of the parallel face i
(Fig. 3) of this crown-cam, the cam w, acting through the connecting rod wi
(Figs. 3, 4, 6, 10 and 11) slotted so as to pass around the shaft st, actuates tho
lover to which for convenience is loosely journaled on the shaft . This movement
of the lever wo draws the rod 10 rearward, and the withdrawing mechanism w
attached to said rod-hereinafter to be fully described thereby removes the wedge
from the line. Succeeding the withdrawal of the wedge the second increasing
face (Fig. 3) of the camt drives the space-blank home. During the passage of
the decreasing face ts (Fig. 6) the spring acting upon the lever returns the
cross-head to its original position by means of the connecting rod t. As the cross-
head rises, the lip F (Fig. 3) bearing on the under side of the lug 17 of the
depressed plunger, raises the plunger with it to its original position, where the
spring maintains it independent of succeeding depressions of the cross-head
until the block F again calls it into action.
Following the operation above described the cam 23 again causes the platform
to be advanced toward the bumper m¹ driving in the wedges to take up whatever
looseness may have resulted from the space-blank inserted being less in thickness
than the corresponding section of the wedge withdrawn, and causing the line to
again register with the corresponding space-blank in the manner already described.
Immediately preceding each driving of the wedges against the bumper the
following action takes place (the description of the same being delayed to this
point in order that it might be better understood): The lever on the rock-
shaft (Figs. 5, 6, 10 and 20) is advanced to a position flush with the end of the

page_text: bumper m by means of the spring said movement being permitted by a lower
face of the camp presenting itself to the roll of the lever . This position of
the lever prevents any wedge that may be in position close to the end of the
bumper from slipping off and thereby failing to be driven in with the others.
After the wedges have been again driven into the line and the block p hus
caused the line-holder to be again, moved along the platform until the first of the
remaining wedges registers with the orifice of the space-magazine as previously
described, the same succession of operations of partially inserting the space-blauk,
withdrawing the wedge, driving the space-blank home and driving in the remaining
wedges to take up any resulting looseness, is repeated until all the wedges have been
replaced by space-blanks.
The mechanism for withdrawing the wedges is as follows (Figs. 4, 6, 6, 10, 20
and 21): Attached at one end to the frame of the space-magaziue, and the other
to the stud is the guide on which slides the block w which has its working
parts on the under side. This block is shown in detail in Figure 21; it has the
Hange to, the pawl, the curved lever and the spring to acting upon the two
latter. This block is given a reciprocating movement on the guide by the cam to
(Figs. 6 and 10) and the spring to attached to the lever te, the said cam acting
as previously mentioned through the connecting rod wol, the lever 10 and the
rod attached to the block to by means of the stud to" (Fig. 21) projecting there-
from. As the decreasing face of this can passes the roll on the connecting
rod t the spring wis draws the sliding block forward, whereupon the pawl 10
clicks into the upper part of the notch in the large end of the wedge and holds
it as shown against the Hange to. As the block is drawn backward by the increas-
ing face of the cam to, the wedge is carried with it. The block passes over the
pawl 10 (Figs. 10 and 20) but the lower part of the wedge hits against it and
presses it back, against the force of the spring te until it clicks into the lower
half of the notch in the wedge. As the block is advanced by the decreasing face
of the can we passing the roll on the connecting rod to this pawl retains the wedge
and carries its butt end when released from the block to the side under the action
of the spring e, in a path such that the end of the rod (Fig. 4, 5, 10 and 20)
posses through the eye in the wedge. The advancing of the block brings the
lever (Figs. 20 and 21) against the butt of the wedge, but as the same is held
at one end by the pawl and at the other between the pawl to and the flange 10",
the lever ie is pressed aside and its point bears upon the side of the wedge. When
the flange w passes off the small end of the wedge, the lever under the action of
the spring to moves the small end of the wedge aside out of the path of the
next wedge to be withdrawn, and in doing so returns to its normal position. In
this manner the wedges are assembled upon the rod, in a position to be returned
to their initial positions, by mechanism to be described.
The last wedge having been removed from the line, the rearward movement of
the platform immediately succeeding the removal of the wedge is no longer impeded
by a wedge coming against the bumper, and the platform moves as far as permitted
by the lever " as described. In this rearward movement of the platform, the
lug n (Fig. 24) attached adjustably to the under side of the rack R comes into
contact with the pawl R' and presses it downward until the projecting arm Rd
thereof clicks over onto the other face of the wedge-faced catch R in which
position the pawl is held by the tension of the spring Rs. The pawl being thus
out of engagement with the rack, the platform is free to return to its initial
position under the notion of the spring p as described. As the platform reaches
its initial position, the lug R attached to the end of the rack rides over the
end R7 of the pawl, depressing it and causing the projecting arm 16 to trip over
the catch and the pawl to come into position, to engage the rack for the
operation of the next line.
The platform is thus brought back to its initial position, and the action of the
cam 7 through the lever and the block p5 as explained, following the last
movement of the platform toward the bumper mn just described, moves the line-

page_text: holder to the end of the platform toward which it has been proceeding. In this
position the line-holder is loft standing.
The clutch is opened and the rotation of the shaft s stopped after the substi-
tution of space-blanks for wedges throughout the line, by mechanism as follows:
On the rock-shaft p (Figs. 3, 6, 8 and 12) to which the levers which give the
rearward movement to the platform aro rigidly attached as heretofore described,
is loosely journaled the lever . Formed on the hub of this lever is the lug
(Fig. 3) corresponding to the lug on the collar fixed on the said shaft p. Thus
the shaft may oscillate without imparting motion to the lever 3 until the lug
on the collar strikes the lug on the lever. The lower end of the lever 18 hangs
opposite the pin (Fig. 12) which controls the action of the clutch as already
described. A weight on the end of a boll-crank arm of the lever holds the
latter normally out of action upon the pin. When the last wedge has been with-
drawn and the platform is permitted to make the full rearward movement as
described, the shaft 2 is rocked backward until the lug on the collar 4 bears
against the lug on the lever 3 and causes the latter to shove the pin k" forward
against the hub of the driven member of the clutch . In this position it
meets the inclined segment on this clutch member and causes the clutch to be
opened at the conclusion of the revolution.
The operations have been described by which the line-holder is carried as far as
the end of the platform. Here it is left standing until the line-lover is again de-
pressed (at the completion of the following line) when it is carried to the front of
the galley, the line delivered on the galloy, and the line-holder returned to the
starting point. This is accomplished in the following manner (Figa. 4, 5, 6, 9, 11
and 10) When the second line of types has been assembled (the first line
meanwhile being justified) and the line-lever L is depressed, the shaft s (Figs. 4, 6
and 11) is given one revolution in the manner heretofore explained. On this shaft
is the cam o which by means of the lever o¹, the shaft o³, the lever o and the link o
(Fig. 19) operates the sliding block o. This block o carries a trip and is
supported by a F-tongue sliding in a T-groove in the rear of the galley support of
(also Fig. 5), said T-groove being continuous with that in the rear edge of the
platform hereinbefore mentioned. As the decreasing face of the cam
the roll on the lever ol, the block o' is carried by the spring of (Fig. 10) along the
platform until the trip o (Fig. 19) engages behind the line-holder which was left
standing at the end of the platform, at in Figure 19, as described. As the block
returns under the action of the increasing face of the cam o, the line-holder thus
engaged 18 carried with it and brought to a point directly in front of the galley,
with the ends of the line-holder opposite the side-bars o10 of the galley, and
the feet (Fig. 27), on the hottom of the line-holder, opposite the notches of. To
provide against possible breakage to the machine in case a type or other material
should by some means become lodged in the path of the line-holder, the connection
between the lever o' and the rock-shaft o is not rigid but is made by means of a
stiff spring o coiled about the shaft and connected at the lower end to the
lover o and at its upper end to a set collar on the shaft o. This connection is
stiff enough to normally transmit the motion of the cam o to the line-holder but
will yield in case the latter meets any abnormal resistance.
That portion of the groove in the cam 7 (Fig. 9) from gl to g, which has been
passing the roll on the lever q' during the operation above described, is concentric
and therefore transmits no motion to the lever. This lever is pivoted at g and is
adjustably connected with the link (Fig. 19) which is pivoted to the block g.
This block slides on the curved guide bar q' and carries the horizontally projecting
finger (Figs. 10 and 19) which stands normally in such position that, as the line-
holder passes to its position in front of the galley, the finger is received through
the openings (Fig. 26) in the flanged ends of the line-holder behind the line of
types therein. When the line-holder comes to rest in front of the galley the cam q
has made about a quarter of a revolution and that portion of its groove between g
and q8 (Fig. 9) is just beginning to act. This portion of the groove is of slightly
increasing radius, and its action upon the lever is to give the block go and with

page_text: it the finger q a forward movement for a distance sufficient to cause the finger to
shove the line of type from the line-holder on to the galley against the types
previously delivered or against a lead inserted as hereinafter described or, in the
case of the first line, against a block placed at the mouth of the galley. This
galley is suitably supported in the inclined position shown in Figures I and 11
so that the types may stand firmly thereon and have no tendency to fall backward.
After the forward movement of the finger g, while the cam groove from 918 to 91
is acting, the block q' is carried rapidly backward, and the finger q8 bearing against
the back of the recesses in the Hanged ends of the line-holder carries the latter
backward on the tracks and q (Figs. 5, 9, 10, 11 and 19) which lead up to the
return track q. As the line-holder comes into position on this return track the
lip (Figs. 26 and 27) is engaged by the threads of the continuously revolving
screw (Figs. 5 and 10) which conveys the line-holder back toward the starting
point the line-holder travelling along the return track q with its feet 18 in the
groove. The concentric portion of the cam-groove between 1 and 2 holds
the finger stationary until the line-holder has been started along the return
track when the remainder of the cam groove returns the block, lever and finger
to their original positions. The line-holder travelling along the return track
arrives at the inclined tracks q" (Fig. 12) down which it slides toward the position
of in Figure 5, thero being notches in the track to allow the passage of the feet 28
of the line-holder. The forward foot of the line-holder and the second notch are
made wider than the other foot and its notch so that the forward foot may pass
by the first notch it comes to without entering it. The line-holder thus comes in
turn to a position where it may be again brought into use when the preceding
line-holders have been filled and moved away in the manner hereinbefore
described.
The mechanism described below is provided for inserting the leads between the
lines of type in the galley, which may be thrown into or out of operation as
desired. Carried beneath the galley support is the receptacle for leads G (Figs. 1
and 11). This receptacle is a little higher than the leads and is open on one side
for their insertion. The follower guided in a slot in the bottom of the
receptacle and drawn forward by the cord G passing over the pulley G³ and
having at its lower end a weight, feeds the leads forward. A slot the thickness
of a lead is cut in the bottom of the galley support at G just in the rear of the
line of 13 pe last delivered through which slot the lead is forced by the plunger (+
shown also in Fig. 3, the galley support and lead receptacle being removed).
This plunger consists of a piece of thin metal carried in guides Go and is connected
by the rod G7 with the bell-crauk lever G. This lever is pivoted at (+ (Figs. G
and 11) and is actuated forwardly by the cam Go on the shaft and rearwardly
by the coiled spring G". The shaft makes, as heretofore described, one revolution
as each line of type is delivered onto the galley. As the decreasing face of
cam Go passes the roll on the lever Gs, the coil spring G lowers the plunger G³,
and a lead is shoved forward above it and against the end of the receptacle. The
return of the plunger under the action of the increasing face of the cam raises the
lead to the level of the galley behind the last standing line of type and in front of
the line just about to be delivered. The delivery of the latter line in the manner
heretofore explained carries the lead with it-both the lead and the line behind
it being moved far enough forward to be out of the way of the lead next to be
inserted. If it is desired to have the type delivered onto the galley solid, i.e. with-
out leads, the rod G (Fig. 11) is shoved rearward until its end enters the hole G¹³
(Fig. 3) in the lower part of the plunger G. This maintains the plunger in an
elevated position and the delivery of the leads is stopped, the cam 10 meanwhile
revolving idly.
The spacing wedges which we left in our description strung upon the rod j¹ near
the end thereof, are returned to the position from which they are to be used again
by mechanism as follows: At the completion of the composition of the succeeding
line of type, the line-lever L being depressed sets into operation the shaft

page_text: (Figs. 4 and 6) as heretofore described. This shaft carries the crown-cam 19 which
acts on the roll of the lever jo. This lover is connected at its upper end with the
block (Figs. 4 and 5) by means of the link This block slides in grooves
formed at the lower edge of the bar 70 and carries the trip. As the cam s
revolves, its increasing face drives this block backwards (ie. toward the left of
the machine) and the trip passes under and beyond the wedges that have been
strung on the end of the rod as described, and trips up behind them. As the
block returns under the action of the spring 7 (Fig. 6) the trip carries the wedges
back with it and adds them to those already at j, (Figs. 4 and 5) in position to bo
used again. The wedges used in one line being thus returned to position after that
line has been justified and before the commencement of the assembling of the
second line thereafter, it is apparent that there need be provided in the machine
only enough wedges to fill any two lines.
The magazine for holding space-blanks and its attendant mechanism for feeding
forward the space-blank-the description of which, for convenience, has been
delayed until now-are constructed as follows: B3 (Figs. 1, 5 and 11) is a frame
rigidly secured to a fixed support B and to which the plunger-frame F before
mentioned is attached. The space-magazine consists of a bank of cases somewhat
similar to those for holding the types, heretofore described, one for each of
the different sized space-blanks used-say nine altogether. It fits into the frame
just mentioned and its position lengthwise thereof is adjusted by the sot screws
and jamb nuts B (Figs. 3, 5 and 10). Hinged at D₁ (Figs. 1, 5, 9 and 18) is the
frame work D (also Figs. 3 and 11) consisting of the four rods D, D³, D³, D³,
attached by nuts to the end-pieces D' and D5. Between the lower rods D and D'
are placed the thin slats D6, preferably made of steel, inortised at the ends into the
said end-pieces D and D. The end D of the frame-work rests in the space-
magazine frame B³ near its forward end and the frame-work is so placed that each
of the slats is directly above its corresponding case in the space-magazine. Carried
upon these slats are the followers D' (Fig. 18) fitting loosely thereon and projecting
down into the cases, behind the space-blanks. Cords attached to these followers
(one cord to each follower) pass successively over the rollers D8, D, D1 and D"
(Figs. 1, 3, 5, 9 and 18)-the last mentioned rollers being on the inside of the
casting B-carry at their ends the weights 1. The space-blanks are thus fed
up by the weights D as those in front are ejected, friction being sufficient to
hold in place the front space-blank which is over the orifice in the bottom of the
case. Upon the rods D and D is carried the cross-head D3 (Figs. 1 and 18) which
is normally at the front of the frame but which being slid back engages each of
the followers and collect them at the rear of the frame. The cross-head being
held in this rear position by the hook 114, the frame may be turned up at the hinge Di
to remove the space magazine and replace it by a replenished one.
If desired the space-blanks used in this machine may have their feet slightly
iapered so as to compensate for any slight inaccuracy in the presentation of the
line-spaces to tho orifices of the space cases, though this is unnecessary if the
machine is properly constructed.
The first time the wedges are driven into the line by the fixed bumper m¹ the
tension of the spring p" is exerted upon the full complement of wedges. Each
succeeding time they are driven in, this tension of the spring 7" acts upon one less
wedge, making the amount of pressure upon each wedge then remaining in the
line proportionately greater. This condition would result in uneven spacing,
causing the use of several sizes of space-blanks the last wedge driven in being
liable to require a space-blank some size larger than the first. It is desirable
of course, that the line should be as evenly spaced as practtcable and, in order to
overcome the above defect, the bumpers m and m' are placed somewhat obliquely
with reference to the line, the end nearest the space orifice being nearest the line
The result of thus skewing the bumpers is to cause the first wedges in the line to
be driven in farther than the succeeding ones, thus causing the latter wedges when
forced in with an increased pressure to be driven in substantially the same distance

page_text: as the first ones, and the bumpers are so set that in an average line the increased
distance to which these latter wedges must be driven is proportionate to the increased
pressure exerted upon them. It will be noticed that that face of the teeth in
the rack R, against which the pawl bears is not at right angles to the platform, but
recedes toward the rear thereof. This is so that the platform will invariably
return, after the bumping operation, at least the distance of such receding, so that
as the line-holder is advanced along the platform wedges near the end of the
line (which, owing to the above described obliqueness of the bumpers projects
rearward farther than the forward wedges) will not impinge against the bumpor
and prevent proper action. The effect which this skewing of the bumpers produces
might also be accomplished by decreasing the tension of the spring by suitable
means as each wedge is removed.
The machine is driven by a belt running on fight and loose pulleys (Fig. 2)
on the shaft s, a shipper or ordinary type, T, being provided to change the belt from
one to the other. Gears 7 and 8 (Fig. 6) drive the shaft s'. A belt over
the pulleys u and u, tensioned by the pulley 10, transmits power to the shaft s³.
The ejector-cylinders e and el are driven by the belt r (Figs. 4 and 7) running from
the pulley over the idle pulleys 8, and a crossed belt from another periphery
of the pulley e drives the roller gas elsewhere stated. From the pulley on
shaft (Figs. 4 and 6) a belt drives the return screw 2". The wheels h and h',
geared together as described, are driven by a bolt from the pulley (also Fig. 6)
on the jack-shaft u, on the other end of which is the pulley driven by a belt
from the pulley 7 on the shaft s³.
Breakage is prevented, in case anything should get in the way of moving parts
of the machine, by a throw-out connection between the main pulley and its shaft
which opens and allows the pulley to run loosely whenever the total resistance of
the machine is greater than a predetermined maximum. This throw-out connec-
tion is best shown in Figures 2 and 7. A pawl T is secured to a boss on the main
pulley which is journaled loosely on the shaft. The pawl bears against the
projection T on the collar secured to the shaft s. As the pulley rotates its
motion is transmitted to the shaft through this pawl and collar. The bearing
face T of this pawl is slightly beveled and tends to slide off the projection T
but is ordinarily held thereon by a spring-actuated detent in a recess in the boss
beneath the pawl said detent having a tapered or pointed head bearing in a de-
pression Ts (Fig. 7) in the pawl. When for any reason the total resistance of
the machine exceeds a predetermined maximun this spring will no longer be
able to hold this pawl against the collar, but will allow it to be forced out of
engagement. When once out of engagement this head of the detent springs into a
second depression T and holds the pawl away from the collar, allowing tho pulley
to revolve loosely on its shaft until the trouble is corrected and the pawl set back
by hand into engaging position.
Many of the mechanisms herein described are capable of great variation without
in the least departing from the invention. For instance, instead of the line-holder
shifting to register with the space-case and advancing the wedges against the
bumper, the means could be inverted and the space-case brought to the line and
the bumper to the wedges; the delivery mechanism of the space-magazine and the
plunger mechanism may be varied so long as they maintain their capacity for
delivering the proper space-blanks into the corresponding line-spaces; in long
liues of type it may be sometimes desirable to so time the reciprocation of the
platform toward the bumper that two or more space-blanks will be inserted between
the tightening of the wedges; the arrangements for actuating the various parts
might be greatly changed. Numerous other equivalents and mechanical modifica-
tions will readily suggest themselves to one familiar with the art to which this
appertains, it being understood that the invention is not confined to the specific
constructions exemplified; nor must the mention in this specification of certain
equivalent devices and mechanisms be construed to exclude others not mentioned,
said mention being simply by way of illustration and not an enumeration.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The method of setting up and justifying a line of type which consists of
setting up a word of type, then inserting a temporary spreading spacing device,
then setting up another word and inserting another temporary spreading spacing
device and so on until the line is nearly of the desired length, then causing said
spreading devices to simultaneously spread the line, until it is of the desired length
and then substituting space-blanks for the said temporary devices.
2. In a type setting and justifying machine, the combination of mechanism for
setting up a line of type, mechanism for inserting between types in said line
temporary spreading spacing devices,, mechanism for causing said spacing devices
to occupy greater space in the line while in contact with types on both sides of
themselves whereby said types are shoved further apart and the line is spread,
and mechanism for thereafter replacing said spacing devices by space-blanks, for
the purpose specified.
3. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of mechanism for.
setting up in line types and temporary spreading spacing devices, mechanism for
causing said spacing devices to simultaneously spread the line, means for limiting
the amount of the spread, and mechanism for replacing said spacing devices by
space-blanks, for the purpose specified.
4. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of mechanism for
setting up a line of type, mechanism for inserting wedges between types in suid
line, mechanism for driving said wedges further into said line, and mechanism
for thereafter replacing said wedges by space-blanks, for the purpose specified.
5. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of mechanism for
setting up in line types and temporary spreading spacing devices, mechanism for
causing said spacing devices to simultaneously spread the line, mechanism for re-
placing said spacing devices by space-blanks, and mechanism for delivering the
line thus justified, for the purpose specified.
6. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of a set of
operating keys, a set of type cases, mechanism controlled by said keys for ejecting
types from said cases, means for carrying said types from the points of ejection to
a common point, means for setting up in line the types arriving at said common
point, a set of temporary spreading spacing devices, mechanism for inserting one
or more of the same at desired intervals between the types, mechanism for causing
the same to simultaneously spread the line, and mechanism for replacing the same
by space-blanks, for the purpose specified.
7. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of a set of operating
keys, a set of type cases, mechanism controlled by said keys for ejecting types
from or releasing types in said cases, means for carrying said types from the points
of ejection to a common point, a line-holder in which the types arriving at said
common point are set up in line as they arrive, a set of temporary spacing devices,
mechanism for inserting one or more of the same at desired intervals between the
types, and mechanism for replacing the same by space-blanks, for the purpose
specified.
8. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of a set of operating
keys, a set of type cases, mechanism controlled by said keys for ejecting types from
said cases, converging chutes leading from the points of ejection to a common
point, a channel extending from a point below the confluence of the chutes,
inechanism for assembling the types which are delivered into said channel into a
line in a line-holder as they arrive, a set of temporary spacing devices, mechanism
for inserting the same at desired intervals between the types in the line, and
mechanism for replacing the same by space-blanks, for the purpose specified.
9. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of a set of operating

page_text: keys, a set of type-cases, mechanism controlled by said keys for ejecting types from
said cases, converging chutes leading from the points of ejection to a common
point, a channel extending from a point below the confluence of the chutes,
a line-holder into which said channel leads, mechanism for setting up in line in
the line-holder the types delivered into said channel as they arrive, a set of spacing
dovices, mechanism for inserting one or more of the same between types in the line,
and mechanism for replacing the spacing devices so inserted by space-blanks, and
mechanism for withdrawing the line from the line-holder, for the purpose specified.
10. In a type-setting and justifying machine, the combination of a travelling
line-holder, the type including length of which is invariable during operation,
means for setting up a line of type therein, meaus for justifying the line while
held therein, means for withdrawing the line of type therefrom and delivering it
onto the galley and returning the line-holder to a position where it is adapted to be
again filled with types, for the purpose specified.
11. In a type-setting mechanism, the combination of a set of operating keys, a
set of type cases, mechanism controlled by said keys for ejecting types from said
cases, converging chutes leading from the points of ejection to a common point,
each of said chutes having a roller at its upper end against which the foot end of
the ejected type falls, for the purpose specified.
12. In a type-setting mechanism, the combination of a set of finger-keys, a set
of type-cases, a set of bars capable of ejecting type from their cases, said bars
having teeth upon their upper and under sides and being movable longitudinally
and having some part thereof capable of being raised by a movement other than
its longitudinal movement into a connection with the revolving gear-cylinder above
said bars and extending across them, mechanism operated by said finger-keys for
so raising said ejector-bars into connection with said cylinder whereby said ejector-
bars are moved to eject types from their corresponding cases, a second gear-cylinder
below said bars and extending across them, and means whereby said ejector-bars
automatically drop into connection with said latter cylinder when they reach the
forward end of their stroke whereby they are returned to their original positions,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
13. In a type-setting mechanism, the ejector-bar d, formed with an oscillatable
tail, said tail having gear-teeth upon its upper and lower sides, in combination
with the toothed revolving members e and el, substantially as described.
14. In a type-setting mechanism, the combination of a set of finger-keys, a
corresponding set of type-cases thero being one type case for each finger key, one
or more additional type cases for some of the keys of the most commonly used
characters, an ejector-bar for each type case adapted to eject type therefrom,
mechanism connecting the finger-keys with corresponding ejector-bars whereby
a depression of the key causes the ejection of its corresponding type, and a set of
individual shifting mechanisms each corresponding to a character of which there
are additional type cases and each operating to independently shift the mechanism
connecting a key of a character to which there correspond more than one type-
case with the ejector-bar for said cases, whereby one key may operate to cause the
ejection of types from one type case until they are exhausted and then its connecting
mechanism may be shifted and it may cause the ejection of types from another type
case for the purpose specified.
15. In a type-setting mechanism, a type case from off the bottom of which types
may be ejected singly in a path which is substantially a straight prolongation
of the position occupied by the bottom type in the case, said bottom being formed
substantially as described and having some portion which is out of contact with
the lowest type when the same lies flatly on the bottom of the case, whereby the
types are prevented from descending askew, for the purpose specified.
16. In a type-setting mechanism a type-case from off the bottom of which types
may be ejected singly, the forward part of said bottom having a groove therein,
said groove being located far enough back from the front edge of the bottom so
that there is a portion of the said bottom forming a wall in front of the groove,

page_text: said groove operating to insure the descension of the type evenly whereby the
sticking of the lowest type in a position whereby the ejector-har cannot eject it is
revented, in combination with an ejector-bar adapted to enter the type case from
behind and shove the lowest type therefrom substantially as described.
17. In a type-setting mechanism, a bank of type cases having rigid sides, back
and partitions and a removable ead. said end being held in place by a pin passing
through each aide of the case and into said end and held therein by a spring to
which it is attached, in combination with mechanism operating upon the spring
and adapted to withdraw the pin from the said end and hold it out of contact
therewith, whereby the said end may be removed, substantially as described.
18. In a type-setting mechanism, a bank of type cases held in a substantially
vertical position and being capable of being removed from its supports by first
being tipped backward at its upper end, in combination with a front hinged at its
lower end and capable of backward movement at its upper end, and a stop to limit
said backward movement, substantially as described.
19. In a type-setting mechanism, the chute-plato g15, constructed with channels
therein, said channels being so disposed that they form chutes leading from the
various points near the top of said chute plate to a common point near the bottom
thereof, in combination with a ledge g hinged to the top of said chute plate,
guides secured to said ledge, the spaces between said guides forming continua-
tions of the channels in the chute plate, and the piece g" secured to the said guide
substantially as described.
20. In a type-setting mechanism, the combination of type-cases, from which
typos are ejected singly, a ledge to receive and support the face end of a type
so ejected, guides between which said type is free to fall and a roller so placed and
revolved as to receive the falling end of said type and assist the downward
movement thereof, for the purpose specified.
21. In a type-setting mechanism, chutes converging into a common channel
through which types may fall in combination with a wheel placed tangentially to
the line of travel of types through said common channel, said wheel being on a
axis capable of translation in such manner that the distance between the circum-
ference of the wheel and the opposite wall of the channel may be varied for the
purpose specified.
22. In a type-setting mechanism, the combination of the wheel h, the oscillatable
support A5, carrying the same, and the gears 3 and the axis of rotation of said
gear being substantially the same as the axis of oscillation of said support h³,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
23. In a type-setting mechanism, in combination with a channel down which
types may fall, the yielding wheel h, and the advancing wheel ', said wheels
being so placed that a type passing down said channel may come into contact with
the wheel A before leaving the wheel h, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
24. In a type-setting mechanism, a movable line-holder having a flange thereon
against which a type may be set up, in combination with a revolving wiper-wheel
having a plurality of arms whereby one of said arms is adapted to receive the foot
end of a type descending from above and lower the type while the following arm
advances the type and thereby moves the line-holder forward a distance equal to
the thickness of the said type, for the purpose specified.
25. In a type-setting mechanism, the combination of a travelling line-holder.
a bar capable of a limited movement with the line-holder, means whereby said bar
is connected with the line-holder and moved with it a certain predetermined
distance and then passes out of moving connection with said line-holder and is
held stationary until said line-holder has moved a predetermined additional dis-
tance when said bar is released, and a spring serving to retract said bar when
released and means whereby the retraction of said bar causes a signal to be given
indicating that the line-holder has reached a certain predetermined point, for the
purpose specified.

page_text: 26. Justifying lines of type by means of mechanism which operates in the
manner substantially as described.
27. The method of justifying a line of type which has been set up with temporary
spreading spacing devices between desired types, which consists in causing said
spacing devices to occupy finally a greater space than primarily in the line while
in contact with types on both sides of themselves whereby said types are shoved
further apart and the line is spread, and then in substituting space-blanks for said
temporary spacing devices.
28. The method of justifying a line of type which consists in simultaneously
spreading the line by means of temporary spreading spacing devices inserted between
words in the line, then substituting space-blanks for a portion of said spacing
devices, then again spreading the line by means of the remaining spacing devices,
and then substituting space-blanks for said remaining spacing devices.
29. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, the combination of a temporary
spreading spacing device inserted between types in a line, mechanism for
causing said spacing device to occupy greater space in the line while in contact
with the types on both sides of itself whereby said types are shoved further apart,
and mechanism for thereafter replacing said spacing device by a space-blank, for
the purpose specified.
30. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, the combination of one or moro
temporary spreading spacing devices inserted between types in a line, mechanism
for causing said spacing devices to simultaneously spread the line, means for
limiting the amount of spread of the line, and mechanism for thereafter
replacing said spacing devices by space-blanks, for the purpose specified.
31. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, the combination of one or
more wedges inserted between types in a line of type, mechanism for driving said
wedges further into the line and thereby spreading the line, and mechanism for
substituting space-blanks for said wedges, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
32. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, one or more temporary
spreading spacing devices inserted between types in a line, said spacing devices
adapted to be moved with reference to the line whereby the portion of the same
which is between the types may be of increased dimension, in combination with
mechanism for selecting the space-blanks corresponding to the width of the space
occupied by said temporary spacing devices, for the purpose specified.
33. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, one or more temporary
spreading spacing devices inserted between types in a line, said spacing devices
being adapted to be moved with reference to the lino whereby the portion of the
same which is between the types may be of increased dimension, in combination
with mechanism for selecting the space-blanks corresponding to the width of the
spaces occupied by said temporary spacing devices, and mechanism for substituting
space-blanks so selected for the temporary spacing devices, for the purpose specified.
34. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, the combination of one or more
temporary spreading spacing devices inserted between types in a line of type,
mechanism for causing said spacing devices to spread the line, and mechanism for
thereafter replacing each of said spacing devices by a space blank, the thickness
of which is determined by that section of the spacing device which is between the
types, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
35. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, the ombination of one or more
temporary spacing devices inserted between the types in a line, mechanism for
moving the said spacing devices relatively to the line, and niechanism for
determining the corresponding size of space-blanks by means of the distance to
which said spacing devices have moved, for the purpose specified.
36. In a type justifying mechanism, a line of type, wedges inserted at desired
intervals between types in suid line, mechanism for forcing said wedges further
through the line, mechanism for substituting for said wedges space-blanks whose

page_text: size is determined by the distance said wedges project from the line, for the
purpose specified.
37. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, the combination of a series of
temporary spreading spacing devices inserted at desired intervals between types in
a line, mechanism for causing said spacing devices to spread the line, mechanism
for substituting space-blanks for part of said spacing devices, and mechanism for
causing the spacing devices to again spread the line, for the purpose specified.
38. In a type justifying mechanism, the combination of a series of temporary
spreading spacing devices inserted at desired intervals between types in a line,
mechanism for alternately causing said spacing devices to spread the line and
replacing one of said spacing devices by a space-blank, for the purpose specified.
39. In a type-justifying mechanism wedges inserted between tynes in a line,
mechanism for driving in the wedges to spread the line, mechanism for replacing
the first wedge in the line by a space-blank, mechanism for driving in the
remaining wedges to take up and distribute between the remaining line-spaces
any looseness resulting, in combination with mechanism for repeating the same
operations successively for each wedge in said line, for the purpose specified.
40. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, a temporary spreading spacing
device inserted between types in a line of type and which is less in height than
the said types, in combination with mechanism for causing the said spacing device
to spread the line, mechanism for thereafter inserting a space-blank into that
portion of the line-space which is above the spacing device, mechanism for there-
upon withdrawing the spacing device and mechanism for then driving the space-
blank the rest of the way into the line-space for the purpose specified.
41. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type, one or more wedges inserted
between types in a line of type said wedges being less in height than the types, in
combination with mechanism for inserting space-blanks into the spaces above the
wedges, mechanism for thereafter withdrawing the wedges from the line, and
mechanism for thereupon driving the space-blanks aforesaid the rest of the way
into the line, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
42. In a
justifying mechanism, the combination of a line-holder, the type-
including length of which is invariable during the operation, temporary spacing
devices and mechanism for replacing said spacing devices by space-blanks, for the
purpose specified.
43. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a line-holder, temporary
spacing devices capable of being caused to spread the line, mechanism for causing
said spacing devices to spread the line, and mechanism for thereafter replacing
said temporary spacing devices by space-blanks, for the purpose specified.
44. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a line-holder capable of
holding a line of type, wedges capable of being inserted between types in said line,
mechanism for driving said wedges into said line and thereby spreading the same,
and mechanism for thereafter replacing said wedges by space-blanks, for the purpose
specified.
45. A justifying mechanism having in combination line-holding mechanism, a
space-magazine, mechanism for bringing successively the several line spaces and
the exit for corresponding space-blanks into registration, and mechanism for
delivering said space-blanks from said magazine into the corresponding line-spaces
when thus presented, for the purpose specified.
46. The combination in a mechanism for justifying type, of line-advancing
mechanism, wedge-driving mechanism a space-magazine, mechanism for bringing
the line-spaces successively into position to receive the corresponding space-blanks,
mechanism for successively delivering the space-blanks into the line-spaces, and
mechanism for withdrawing the wedges, for the purpose specified.
47. The combination in a justifying mechanism, of a line-holder, a space
magazine having a series of cases for graduated space-blanks, mechanism for
advancing the line-holder to bring the line-spaces successively into position to

page_text: receive corresponding space-blanks, and mechanism for depositing the corresponding
space-blanks in the line-spaces, for the purpose described.
48. The combination in a justifying mechanism of the space-magazine containing
a graduated series of space-blanks, a line-holder actuated cross-wise of the line,
whereby the line is presented to receive space-blanks corresponding to line-spaces,
and mechanism operating to discharge the corresponding space-blanks into said
line-spaces, for the purpose specified.
49. In a combination with the space-magazine of a justifying mechanism, a
line-holder, mechanism for advancing the same to present successively the several
line-spaces to receive corresponding space-blauks, and mechanism for delivering
the justified line from the lino-holder, for the purpose described.
50. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a travelling line-holder,
spacing wedges, incans for simultaneously forcing forward the several wedges, and
means for successively withdrawing them, for the purpose described.
51. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a travelling line-holder,
means for intermittently advancing the same, a reciprocating platform on which
the line-holder is received and advanced, means for intermittently reciprocating
the platform cross-wise of the travel of the line-holder, and a space-magazine
intermittently actuated to deposit space-blanks in the successive line-spaces, for
the purpose described.
52. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a travelling line-holder,
wedges interposed between the words theroon and carried therewith, said wedges
having eyes adapted to receive a guide, mechanism for withdrawing said wedges,
a guide adapted to engage with said eyes, and means for propelling said
wedges along said guide, for the purpose described.
53. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a line-holder of a series
of space-blanks and a series of wedges tapering to correspond with said space-
blanks, means for reciprocating the said line-holder cross-wise of the line, and a
bumper for said wedges serving to arrest the cross-wise movement at a point such
that at least one of the line-spaces corresponds in thickness with the space-blanks
in line therewith, for the purpose described..
54. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a space-magazine and a
travelling line-holder, of wedges carried by said line-holder and serving to direct
said line-holder into suitable presentation to said magazine to receive therefrom
space-blanks corresponding to the line-spaces occupied by said wedges, for the
purpose described.
66. In a justifying mechanism, a series of cases for space-blanks graded in
respect to thickness, said cases being arranged with orifices in line with each other
and being provided with discharge mechanism operating to deliver, to the successive
line-spaces, space-blanks substantially corresponding in thickness to the several
line-spaces, for the purpose specified.
56. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a magazine of space-
blanks, of line-holding mechanism, a wedge adapted to enter a line-space and
determining by its cross-section the space-blank to be inserted, and space-blank
discharging mechanism whereby the corresponding space-blank is delivered to the
line-space, for the purpose specified
57. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a magazine of space-blanks,
of line-carrying mechanism, wedges adapted to enter a line-space, mechanism for
advancing the wedges to spread the line, mechanism for substituting space-blanks
for said wedges, and mechanism for withdrawing the line from its carrying
mechanism, for the purpose described.
58. In a type justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder which successively
travels to points where types and temporary spreading spacing devices may be
inserted therein, where the spacing devices may be caused to spread the line, where
the spacing devices may be replaced by space-blanks, where the line may be
removed from the line-holder, and then back to the starting-point, in combination
with mechanism for performing these operations, for the purpose specified.

page_text: 59. In a justifying mechanism, a movable platform capable of supporting a
travelling line-holder, in combination with a travelling line-holder, mechanism
for advancing the line-holder in the direction of the length of the. line on the
platform, and mechanism for moving the platform and line-holder cross-wise of
the line, substantially as described.
60. In a justifying mechanism the combination of a travelling line-holder, a
reciprocating platform capable of supporting said lino-holder, a rack and pawl
serving to sustain the platform temporarily against return movement, for the
purpose specified.
61. In a
justifying mechanism, the combination of a reciprocating platform,
means for supporting thereon a line of types and spacing devices, a detent serving
to sustain the platform temporarily against return movement, mechanism for
removing the spacing devices from the line, and mechanism for throwing said.
detent out of action after the last spacing device has been removed for the purpose
specified.
62. In a justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder capable of supporting a
line of type and one or more wedges, in combination with the movable bumper
and a fixed bumper, for the purpose specified.
63. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a travelling line-holder
supporting a line of type, and wedges interposed in the line, a movable bumper,
mechanism for causing the bumper to be advanced against the butts of the wedges,
and mechanism for advancing the line-holder and contents after said operation of
bumping, for the purpose specified.
64. In a type justifying mechanism, the combination with a series of wedges,
and wedge-insorting mechanism, of a wiper-wheel adapted to move the thinner
part of a wedge cross-wise of its length, for the purpose specified.
65. In a justifying mechanism, a wedge less in height than the type with which
it is to be used whereby there is left above the wedge and between the adjacent
types a space into which a space-blank may be partially inserted, for the purpose
specified.
66. In a justifying mechanism, a wedge having a straight extension at each end
thereof, and having a notch in the larger of said extensions, substantially as
described.
67. In a justifying mechanism, a wedge having a straight extension at each end,
thereof and having an eye through the larger of said extensions, substantially as
described.
68. In a justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder having recessed flanges
at the ends thereof, and a rabbetted edge, substantially as described.
69. In a justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder having recessed flanges
at the ends thereof, and having fect on the under side thereof, substantially as
described.
70. In a justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder adapted to carry a line
of type and having a surface adapted to support a plurality of temporary spreading
spacing devices, for the purpose specified.
71. In a justifying mechanism, the wedge-withdrawing device consisting of the
block to having. the flange w', the pawl w, and the lever 109, substantially as
lescribed.
72. In a justifying mechanism, the wedge withdrawing mechanism, consisting
of the block w, the guide w³, the pawl to, and the rod j', substantially as
described.
73. In a justifying mechanism, the combination with a wedge having an eye
through it, of the rod j', and the sliding block, carrying the trip j, substantially
as described.
74. In a justifying mechanism, in combination with a space-magazine, the space-
plungers F, the cross-head F5 carrying the block Fe to engage said plungers,
substantially in the manner described.

page_text: 70. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a space-magazine, the
vertically movable cross-head I carrying the sliding block F, said block being so
connected with the platform that, while having an indepondent vertical movement,
it partakes of the transverse movement of said platform, substantially in the
manner described.
76. In a justifying mechanism, in combination with the platform p, the rack R,
the pawl R, the catch R, substantially as described.
77. In a justifying mechanism, in combination with the platform p, the rack R,
the pawl R' having the arm R7, and the lug R, substantially as described.
78. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of the bumper m', the plat-
form p, movable toward said bumper, for the purpose specified.
79. Tu a justifying mechanism, the combination of the bumper m², the plat-
torm p, the rack R and the pawl R, substantially as described.
80. In a justifying mechanism, in combination with the movable bumper m, the
raising barr, partaking of the motion of said movable bumper, the rod, the
lever, the shaft . and the detent, substantially as described.
81. In a justifying mechanism, in combination with the space-magazine, the
frame work D carrying the slats D upon which are hung the followers D', said
followers being pulled forward by cords to which weights are attached, substantially
as in the manner described.
82. In a justifying mechanism, the platform p, the springs 7 and p" suitably
connected with the platform and tending to move it in opposite directions, one of
the said springs being stronger than the other, in combination with mechanism
adapted to counteract the force of the stronger spring whereby the platform is
moved by the weaker spring in the direction of its tendency, for the purpose
described.
forcing
83. In a
justifying mechanism, the combination of the guide, the block
slidable along the same, the lever 10, connected with said block, the cam
suid lever in one direction, and the spring a forcing it in the other direction,
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
84. In a justifying mechanism, the wiper-wheel h', having the substantially
conical face 14, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
5. In a justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder having recessed ends, a
gulley, a finger projecting across the width of the galley in such position that as
the line-holder advances it will pass through the recesses in the ends thereof and
he in a position behind the line of type therein, in combination with mechanism
adapted to advance said finger and thereby move the line of type from the line-
holder into the galley and then retract said finger back of its original point of
rest and thereby carry the line-holder with it, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
86. In a justifying mechanism, the finger 78 extending across the mouth of a
galley and adapted to enter behind the line of type carried by a travelling line-
holder, the lever q³ connected with said finger, and the cam 9 so operating said
finger that it moves forward shoving the line of type from the line-holder into a
galley, and then moves rearward back of its original point of rest and carries the
line-holder with it, substantially as described.
87. In a justifying mechanism, a travelling line-holder having a rabbetted edge
in combination with the rail ", substantially as described.
88. In a justifying mechanism, the combination of a travelling line-holder, a
track along which said line-holder may slide, a revolving screw operating to
propel said line-holder aleng said track, substantially as described.
89. In a type justifying mechanism, the combination of a line of type, mechanism
for inserting spacing devices between types in the line, a lever operating
to throw said mechanism into action, a bar having a lug thereon which may be
brought into contact with said lever and cause it operate, means for retracting
said lug from engagement with said lever, a revolving shaft c, and mechanism

page_text: actuated when desired causing said bar
said shaft when the lug on said bar
substantially as described.
Dated 19th day of M... 1907
to be brought into engagement with
is out of engagement with said lever co,
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.