IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES, APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND GENERATING STEAM."
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Warhurst, of Hollingworth, in the County of
Chester, Cotton Dealer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
OR FIRE-PLACES, APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND
GENERATING STEAM."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Warhurst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1854.
I, JOHN WARHURST, of Hollingworth, in the County of Chester, Cotton
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES, APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND
GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
I propose to place or fix a hollow framework of cast or sheet iron under the
boiler, water heater, or steam generator; the said framework to be attached
to the fire bridge and furnace door frame, all of which will be hollow, and
fixed at the sides of the fire or furnace, so that the water to be heated shall
enter at one side of the door frame, and traverse along. one side of the said
frame to and through the hollow fire bridge, and return by the other side
through the door frame to the boiler. When necessary, I also propose to fix
additional hollow bearers or girders in a transverse direction attached to the
said frame, through which the water will also circulate. It is evident that by
this plan I shall gain additional heating surface, and economise the use of
fuel to a very great extent.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Warhurst in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WARHURST, of Hollingworth, in the County of Chester, Cotton Dealer, send
greeting.
_WHEREAS_Her_most_Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Warhurst, Her special licence that I, the said John Warhurst, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Warhurst, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR
FIRE-PLACES, APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND GENERATING
STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Warhurst,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Warhurst, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say) -
My Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of furnaces or fire-
places for steam boilers to heat the water before it enters the boiler, by which
contrivance it is evident I cause a great saving of fuel, and have a much greater
amount of heating surface than can be had by the present plan of confining the
heat with brickwork, so as to bring it in contact with the bottom and sides of
the boiler. I place or fix a hollow framework of cast or sheet iron or other
suitable metal under the boiler, water heater, or steam generator, and have
pipes connected to it to keep up a circulation of water. I also place pipes or
tubes at each side of the fire longitudinally, and attach them to the fire bridge
and furnace door frame, all of which are hollow, so that the water to be heated
enters at one side of the door frame, and passes along one side of the said tubes

page_text: or pipes to and through the hollow fire bridge, and returns by the other side
through the door frame to the boiler.
These my said improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the letters of reference are applied
to each Figure separately.
Fig. 1 is a transverse section of a Butterly boiler with my improved hollow
seating or framework f; Fig. 2, a ground plan of my hollow tubes or pipes, to
be placed along each side of the fire, and connected to the hollow bridge at the
ends. These tubes or pipes and bridge may be made of any convenient shape,
and any suitable metal or material. The water is supplied at a, and delivered
to feed the boiler either at the bridge b, or from the side tube c, or at other
convenient positions. A pipe m, Fig. 3, is also made to communicate with the
steam chamber of the boiler, so as to keep up a constant supply of water in
the apparatus during the stoppage of the engine, working on the same principle
as a water guage. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view of the boiler shewn in Fig. 1,
having in addition to the above apparatus a hollow seating or frame, which
may be attached or not, as desired. d represents a chest placed at the opposite
end of the boiler to the fire, so constructed that the top will be above the water
mark, and a space allowed for the smoke to pass to the flue. The pipe e
connects the chest d with the steam chamber of the boiler. The water to.
supply the boiler enters at the bottom of the chest through the pipe l, and
passes along the hollow boiler seating or framework f, and is delivered to feed
the boiler at the end g. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of a two-flued boiler
of the usual form, with the addition of two of my hollow frames or seatings;
k, k, at Fig. 5 is a longitudinal view of the same; h represents a chest con-
nected with the boiler in the same way as already described, except that the
water to supply the boiler is brought from the end i, passing through the two
hollow frames or seatings k to the chest h, and from thence to the boiler.
If the furnace is under the bottom of the boiler these seatings will form
the sides, but if fixed in the flues in the usual way they form the sides of the
bottom flue; in either case they collect a great amount of heat. Fig. 6 shews
the application to the apparatus represented in Fig. 2 of a fire bar of peculiar
construction, which is also shewn detached at Fig. 7. This bar is divided on
the flat side into chambers, so that when fixed in the furnace the air will be
distributed to every part of the fire more equally, being admitted at the grooves,
as shewn in the Drawings. This bar will suit every description of furnace, and
will prevent the bars being drawn by intense heat. By adopting a modification
of the plan shewn in Fig. 2 I am enabled to consume the smoke to a very
considerable extent. In this modification I construct the side flues and bridge

page_text: of fire bricks, or similar materials, and leave small openings in the front of the
bridge near the top. A circulation of air is allowed to enter at the ends of the
side flues a and c, to be regulated by small dampers. This air becomes heated
by passing along the side flues, and escapes at the openings in the bridge, and
comes in contact with the smoke as it passes over the bridge, and causes com-
bustion. Fig. 8 is a transverse section, and Fig. 9 a longitudinal section, of a
modification of my patent boiler for obtaining increased pressure by the
circulation of steam through pipes or vessels. In this plan, instead of allowing
the steam to pass through a series of tubes, I employ a large hollow chest or
generator, through which the steam passes before it arrives at its destination,
thus obtaining the great benefit derived from the steam transmitting a portion
of its heat to the water surrounding.the.chest. The boiler is shewn at á; steam
from the steam chamber 6 enters the chest c through the pipe d, giving heat
to the surrounding water, and passing onwards to the stand pipe e, having' as
many outlets or connections as may be desired.
Having thus fully described the nature.and particulars of.my said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into. práctical effect, I desire it to be
distinctly understood that I do not. confine myself to the exact details herein
set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle thereof; but I claim as of my Invention, and which, to the best
of my knowledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within this realm,
the use and construction of hollow framework for furnaces or fire-places,
and tubes connected to the fire bridge and furnace doors resting on the said
framework, and so connected with the boiler as to allow the water to circulate
through them before entering the boiler, and thus become heated, with the
peculiar construction of grate bars and steam chest, as such improvements are
herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Warhurst, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five
JOHN WARHURST. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
John Warhurst, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent, Manchester..