Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 6th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 13th Dec., 1887
I, ALEXANDRE DE PONT of 115 London Wall in the City of London Merchant,
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to an improved process of polishing bone, horn, ivory, and
other substances; and it consists essentially in first washing the substance in a soda
solution, then applying a first layer of an agglutinating material made with albumen
or isinglass, at a high temperature, and afterwards applying a resinous material
dissolved in pure alcohol consisting of gum-lac previously colored with the aid of
mineral or vegetable colors; For white, oxide of silver is employed in preference to all
others. The ivory or other substance is next polished by the ordinary means employed
in polishing animal and vegetable substances, such as ivory, tortoise-shell, bone, wood,
etc. Collodion may be used with advantage instead of alcohol. To obtain a good white,
and also to improve the appearance of any color employed, the material should first be
bleached in oxygenated water.
A. DE PONT.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53 Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.

page_text: I, ALEXANDRE DE PONT of 115, London Wall in the City of London, Merchant
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
-
My Invention relates to an improved process of imparting a polished, glazed, or
enamelled, surface to articles made of bone, horn, ivory, wood, papier maché,
cardboard, paper, leather, and other similar substances.
In carrying out my invention, I proceed as follows; The surface to be treated is
first to be washed or scoured, if necessary, with a solution of washing soda to remove
all grease and after being scoured the material should be bleached, especially if a white
enamelled or polished surface is to be produced. For bleaching ivory and wood, I
use oxygenated water and for bone I use chloride of lime. If oxygenated water is
used, the material is to be steeped in the cold water for some days, or weeks preferably,
under a glass roof so as to admit sunlight which hastens the bleaching action.
After being scoured and bleached, or, not, as required, the surface is thoroughly
dried in a warm room and gently warmed to about 80° or 90° Fahr. It is then first
coated or primed with an adhesive or agglutinating material to adapt it to receive the
subsequent coatings. hereafter described. This first coating or priming may be a
solution of albumen in dilute spirit or in water (which is suited for most of the
materials above mentioned) or a similar solution of isinglass, or of American and
Russian glue known in commerce as white glue, (which are more especially adapted
for articles of wood) or a solution of Gum Animi or Copal which are suited for animal
substances such as bone, horn, and ivory. This adhesive or agglutinating material,
of whatever kind, is kept by a water bath at the proper temperature to maintain its
fluidity, and is evenly applied whilst warm to the warmed surface of the article which
is then thoroughly dried for about a week more or less in a warm room.
The primed
surface is then evenly coated with a solution of a resinous material (such as gum-lac,
or gum animi or the material known as Schering's celloidin manufactured in
Germany and sold by A. & M. Zimmermann, 27 Mincing Lane London) in absolute
alcohol or in absolute methyl alcohol, this solution being colored according to the
color which it is desired to produce upon the surface treated, by means preferably of
a mineral (or it may be a vegetable) coloring matter. For this purpose an aniline
color is generally used, but for white the oxide of zinc or precipitated chalk or oxide
of silver is used. After receiving this second coating, the surface is allowed to
thoroughly dry in a warm room and if a thick coating is required, one or more
additional coatings of the same material may be applied. If gum lac or celloidin
have been used for the previous coatings, the coated and thoroughly dried surface
is finally coated with a solution of gum animi or with collodion specially prepared

page_text: (by adding to ordinary collodion from about two to ten per cent. of celloidin) for
the purpose of rendering the surface waterproof.
The surface is next polished, first with tripoli, then with powdered pumice, and
then with Vienna chalk, and is finally finished by wiping over with prepared chalk
mechanically suspended in ammonia which is allowed to evaporate leaving a deposit
of chalk on the surface which is rubbed off when dry preferably with a very fine
piece of silk, whereby a highly polished or lustrous appearance is produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner. the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;-
The herein described process of producing a polished, glazed, or enamelled
surface upon articles of bone, horn, ivory, wood, and other substances; which process
consists essentially in priming the surface with an adhesive material, then applying
one or more coatings of resinous material, and finally polishing the same, substantially
as herein specified.