Improvements in Filters.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1893—Accented, 2nd!June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters.
I GEORGE HENRY MOORE, of Norwich, State of Connecticut, United States
of America, Manufacturer of Filters do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to filters for supplying filtered water in large quantities for
manufacturing and other similar purposes, and has especial reference to the water-
passages for conducting filtered water from and cleansing water to the filtering
chamber of such filters; it being the object of the invention to provide a form of
water-passage which will secure a very free supply of filtered water during the
process of filtration and of cleansing water during the washing operation, and, at
the same time, prevent the escape of the particles composing the filtering materia!
from the filtering chamber.
In the accompanying drawings, in which like letters designate like parts in the
several figures thereof,
Figure 1 is a side elevation, with the shell partly broken away, of a high-pressure
filter provided with water-passages between its filtering and collecting chambers
embodying my invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical section, drawn to a larger scale, of one of the water
passages detached.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of another form of the invention, in which the
water-passage forms also a supplemental filter.
Figure 4 illustrates another form of the invention.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are detail views of certain parts of the form shown in
Figure 4.
Figure 8 shows still another form of the invention.
Figure 8 is a view of the hollow bolt used with most of the forms of the
invention shown.
Figure 9 illustrates the application of the invention to filters having collecting
pipes in lieu of a false bottom.
Figure 10 is a plan view thereof, with the guard removed.
In Figure 1 the letter a designates the shell of a high-pressure filter, the
filtering chamber and c the collecting chamber thereof, and the false bottom
which separates said chambers from each other, access to said chambers being
afforded by the manholes & c¹. A water-supply pipe 2 serves to conduct water to
the filtering chamber, a filtered-water service pipe 3 conducts the filtered water
from the collecting chamber c to the point where it is utilized, a wash-water supply
pipe 4 conducts the cleansing water to the collecting chamber, and a waste-pipe 5
conducts said water, and the impurities removed from the filtering material, from
the filtering chamber after the washing operation is concluded, said pipes being.
provided with suitable valves (not shown) to govern the passage of water there-
through. Communication between the filtering chamber and the collecting
chamber is established by means of water-passages through the false bottom or
division-head d, which permit the filtered water to pass in one direction and the
washing-water in the opposite direction, and it is to the construction of these water-
passages that my present invention is especially directed.
It has been customary heretofore to employ wire-gauze or other finely perforated
screens in connection with said water-passages, for the purpose of preventing the
escape of the particles composing the filtering material therethrough during the
process of filtration, but the use of such material is very objectionable for
the reason that the interstices thereof soon become filled with the organic matter
and other impurities removed from the water to such an extent 'as to seriously

page_text: retard the supply of filtered water, and the frequent cleaning thereof is imperative.
Furthermore the wear to which said screens are subjected soon renders them
unserviceable and their frequent renewal is necessary.
It has been my aim to provide a form of water-passage which will furnish a very
free supply of filtered water, and will effectually retain the filtering material
within the filtering chamber without the use of screens or similar means.
In the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2, I secure this result by
means of a series of short tubes e, seated in the false bottom d, each of which tubes
is overhung by a pyramidal or conical guard el, which guard is suitably supported
in such position that an open water-way is left between its base and the false
bottom and also between its inner surface and the upper end of tube e, as clearly
shown in Figure 2. The filtered water, in order to pass from the filtering chamber
to the collecting chamber, is obliged to pass beneath the base of said guard, then
upwardly within the latter to the mouth of the tube, and thence through the latter,
as indicated by the arrows, and while a very free passage for the water is thus
formed, the weight of the particles composing the filtering material prevents them
from ascending to the mouth of the tube, and they are retained within the filtering
chamber. The guards serve to support the mass of filtering material and prevent
it from entering and choking the bore of the tubes, and they are preferably made
from cast metal to give them the requisite strength. When a reverse current of
water is forced through the filter for the purpose of cleaning the filtering material,
the wash-water enters the collecting chamber through pipe 4 and thence passes
upwardly through the tubes e and then downwardly to and beneath the bases of
the guards, issuing from the latter at the extreme bottom of the mass of filtering
material in chamber b, whereby it is caused to lift and thoroughly agitate and
cleanse said mass as it passes upwardly to the waste-pipe 5, through which it
passes, carrying with it the impurities removed from the filtering material, while
the latter remains within the filtering chamber.
While this form of the invention secures excellent results in practice and entirely
obviates the use of wire gauze or other screens to retain the filtering material
within the filtering chamber, its capacity for the passage of water through the
division-head remains fixed, that is to say, it has no greater capacity for the
passage of the wash-water upwardly than for the filtered water downwardly, and as
it is often desirable to shorten the operation of cleaning the filter by forcing an
increased supply of wash-water through the same in a reverse direction. I have
shown, in Figure 8, a form of the invention which is capable of automatically
increasing its capacity for the passage of the water during such reverse movement.
In said Figure 8 the letter designates a ring which is inserted within a circular
opening in the false bottom or division head d, from the under side of the latter,
said ring being provided with an annular flange to bear against the under side of
said head as shown, and with a central hub f¹ and radially disposed arms f³ uniting
said hub to the ring. Resting upon said radial arms is a disk f' of sheet metal, the
periphery of which overlies, but is slightly separated from, the upper face of the
ring, so as to leave an open space between them sufficient to permit the passage of
water but which will not permit the passage of the particles composing the filtering
material. Such degree of separation between the disk and ring can be obtained by
causing the upper surface of the arms f' to stand in a slightly higher plane than
the upper surface of the ring, or by interposing a washer between the disk and the
hub, or in any other convenient manner. A guard f is secured to the upper
side of the division-head the center of which overlies the center of the opening in
the latter, and beneath the base of which a water-way is formed, as in the case of
the guard previously described. A rod f depending from the center of said
guard passes, at its lower end, through a hollow bolt f', shown detached in
Figure 8, which bolt is seated in the hub of the ring, and a nut 7 applied to
said rod below said bolt fastens the ring and its attached parts securely within
the opening in the division-head. Said rod fe preferably passes through the top
of the guard, at its upper end, to receive a nut as shown, and is provided with an

page_text: angular collar 8 which by entering a similarly shaped socket in the guard prevents
the rod from turning when the nut 7 is turned on or off its lower end. The
disk fis preferably reinforced by one or two smaller disks superposed upon it as
shown, to give it increased stiffness, and the bolt by resting with its head upon
said disks and receiving a nut 94 below the hub . serves to securely fasten said
disks upon the hub at their centers. The space between the lowermost disk and
the ring forms a constantly open water-way which gives a very free supply of
filtered water during the process of filtration, and, by reason of the capacity of
the disk to yield to pressure exerted against its under side, this water-way is
automatically enlarged during the washing operation to permit a still greater
supply of wash water. This form of the invention can also be used with a rigid
disk whenever said automatic increase of the water-way is not desired. It will be
noted that, by simply removing the nut 7, the ring and its attached parts can be
removed, from the under side of the division-head, access to the collecting chamber
for such purpose being afforded by the manhole c', and without disturbing the
guard or removing the mass of filtering material from the filtering chamber.
Such provision enables any of the rings to be removed for cleaning or repair
purposes and replaced, without disturbing the others, and without the loss of time
which would be entailed by removing the mass of filtering material from the
filtering chamber and returning it thereto.
In the form of the invention shown in Figures 4 to 7 inclusive, the same form
of guard is employed and substantially the same form of ring 9, but instead of
disks resting upon the hub and radial arms of said ring which are imperforate in
their nature, a disk g of wire-gauze or other finely perforated material is
employed, which disk is held down upon said hub and arms by a spider ², see
Figure 5, which has a central hub through which the rod and bolt fpass.
This is the only form of the invention in which I employ a screen to prevent the
escape of the filtering material with the filtered water, but as the ring g, screen g
and spider can be readily removed for inspection and cleaning purposes, by
simply removing nut 7, without disturbing the mass of filtering material, its use is
rendered much less objectionable than would otherwise be the case.
cap
In Figure 3 I have shown a-form of the invention in which the water-passage
itself forms a supplemental filter, and the construction of which is as follows:-A
h rests upon the upper side of the division-head d by means of a flange 9. and
has a second flange .10 which projects through the opening in said head. Above
said flange 9 the cap is provided with a series of slits or openings 12, of sufficient
capacity to permit both the filtered water and the particles composing the
filtering material to enter said cap, and it preferably has a third projecting
flange 13 which overlies said openings to partially support the mass of filtering
material and prevent it from clogging said openings. Below the division head is
a shell or body h', which at its upper end closely fits the projecting .end of
flange 10 of the cap, and is divided transversely into two compartments by a
perforated head 14, which is preferably cast integrally with said body as shown.
A rod 15, secured at its upper end to the cap h, passes through a central hole in
the head 14, and a nut 16 on said rod bears against the under side of said head, and
serves to detachably hold the body in its operative. position. To the lower end of
said rod is secured a ring 17 and disks 18 similar to the ring f and disks shown
in Figure 8, which forms the bottom of the body. A tube 19 secured at its lower
end to the head 14 surrounds the rod 15 within the upper compartment of the
body. Within said upper compartment I place a quantity of gravel of sufficient
coarseness to prevent its escape through the perforations in said head or the
openings in the cap, as clearly shown in said Figure 3. During the process of
filtration the filtered water enters the cap and with it a sufficient quantity of
the filtering material to fill the upper compartment of body 'above the gravel
therein, thus causing said compartment to become a supplemental filter to finally
eliminate any impurities which may have remained in the water. From thence
the water passes through the perforations in head 14 to the lower compartment,

page_text: C
and from the latter through the open passage-way formed between the lowermost
disk 18 and the ring 17, into the collecting chamber c of the filter. During the
washing operation the wash-water passes upwardly through the body lifting and
agitating the gravel in the upper compartment thereof, and carrying the filtering
material therein through the openings in the cap, back into the filtering chamber b
of the filter, thereby causing the filtering material in each body to be entirely
renewed each time the filtering operation is resumed. The body can be
removed by removing nut 16, after first withdrawing the ring 17, without
disturbing the cap h, and can be. readily replaced, the tube 19 enabling it to be
replaced upon the rod without interference from the gravel in the upper
compartment thereof.
In some kinds of filters collecting pipes are employed to collect the filtered
water, in lieu of a collecting chamber and false bottom, and in Figures 9 and 10 I
have illustrated another form of the invention in connection with one of such pipes,
constructed as follows:-The letter k designates one of the series of collecting-
pipes with which such filters are provided, and m designates one of the series of
short vertical tubes which are screwed into said pipes at frequent intervals. To
the upper end of said tube is connected a flaring mouth-piece n, having a central
hub and radially disposed ribs, the upper surface of which ribs lies in a plane
below that of the upper surface of the hub and the upper edge of the mouth-
piece, as shown. Upon said hub rests a disk n' of sheet-metal, the periphery of
which makes a close contact with the inner surface of the mouth-piece, and upon
said disk are preferably located a series of smaller disks as shown to give to the
former disk increased stiffness in one direction. A bolt n, passing centrally
through said disks, is screwed into the hub of the mouth-piece, and is provided
with a collar 20 which bears upon the uppermost disk, or an interposed washer,
and thus secures the disks in position. Near its upper end the bolt is provided
with a second collar 21 upon which rests the guard n³, a nut 22 on the bolt above
said guard securely fastening the latter upon the bolt. The disk n' normally
closes the water-way or passage through the mouth-piece, but, being free to yield
at its periphery to pressure exerted thereon in either direction, it permits the
filtered water to pass in one direction and the wash-water in the opposite direction
in quantities corresponding to the pressure thereon, while, at the same time,
preventing the escape of the filtering material, the action of the guard n³ being
the same as in the forms previously described, except that it does not support the
other parts of the device but is itself supported by the mouth-piece.
While I have shown and described my invention in connection with a high-
pressure filter it will be understood that it is equally applicable to low-pressure
filters, and that the particular form of the shell or body of the filter, and the
particular manner of conducting the water to and from the same are not material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In a filter having a filtering chamber containing filtering material and a
receptacle for filtered water, an open tube or passage-way communicating at one
end with said receptacle and having its opposite end in communication with the
filtering-chamber, and an imperforate guard superposed above the same, said guard
having an open water-way between its base and the bottom of the filtering chamber
and between its inner surface and the mouth of said tube or passage-way, sub-
stantially as described, whereby the filtered water is permitted to pass freely from
the filtering chamber to said receptacle while the filtering material is retained
within the former.
2. In a filter having a filtering chamber and a collecting chamber separated
from each other by a false bottom, a series of tubes seated in said false bottom and
projecting into the filtering chamber, and a series of conical or pyramidal guards
overlying the projecting ends of said tubes, said guards having an open water-way

page_text: between their bases and said false bottom and between their inner surface and said'
tubes, substantially as described.
3. The combination with a filter having a filtering chamber and a collecting.
chamber separated from each other by a false bottom which is provided with a
series of openings, of a series of discharging devices for occupying the openings in
said false bottom, which devices are adapted to be applied to and removed from.
said false bottom from the under side of the latter, and a series of guards over-."
lying said openings and having an open water-way between their bases and the
false-bottom, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a filter having its filtering chamber separated from its.
collecting chamber by a division-head, of a series of guards secured to the upper
side of said head each of which overlies, an opening in the latter, a series of dis-..
charging devices inserted within the openings in said head from the. under side of
the latter, each of said devices being composed of a fiarged ring provided with a
central hub and radial ribs, a perforated diaphragm, a spider, and a hollow bolt for
locking said parts together, and a series of rods or holts secured at their upper ends
to said guards and passing downwardly through the hollow bolts in said discharging.
devices, said rods or bolts receiving nuts at their lower ends for detachably holding.
the discharging devices within the openings in the division-head, substantially as
described.
5. A discharging device for filters, consisting of a passage-way leading from the
filtering chamber, having applied to the mouth thereof a yielding, imperforate.
plate which partially closes said mouth, substantially as described, whereby a
water-way is formed which is capable of being automatically enlarged.
6. A discharging device for filters, consisting of a tube having at the mouth.
thereof an annular plane surface, and having a disk or plate supported thereon.
adjacent to but slightly separated from said surface, whereby a narrow water-way
is formed between said disk or plate and said plane surface, substantially as.
described.
7. A discharging device for filters, consisting of a tube having a flaring mouth-
piece terminating in an annular, plane surface and having at its outer end a central
hub and radial ribs, the outer surface of which ribs projects slightly beyond said
annular, plane surface, combined with a flexible, imperforate diaphragm mounted
upon the outer surface of said ribs and overlying a portion of said annular, plane
surface, substantially as described.
8. A discharging device for filters, consisting of a tube having a flaring mouth-
piece and having an elastic disk centrally supported at the outer end of said mouth-
piece, the diameter of which disk corresponds substantially with the inner diameter
of the mouth-piece at its said outer end, whereby said disk will normally close the
end of the mouth-piece while its periphery will be free to yield to pressure in 'either.
direction to open the mouth-piece, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a filter comprising a filtering chamber and a collecting
chamber separated from each other by a division head, of a discharging device
comprising a secondary filter, supported by said division-head and communicating
at its upper and lower ends with said chambers respectively, said secondary filter
being provided with a chamber for holding filtering material, substantially as
described.
10. The combination with a filter comprising a filtering chamber, a collecting
chamber, and a division-head between said chambers, of a secondary filter supported
by said division-head and communicating at its two ends with said chambers.
respectively, said secondary filter being provided with a chamber for holding
filtering material and having at or near its outlet end a valve-device adapted
to afford a free passage for the filtered water while preventing the passage of
the filtering material, substantially as described.
11. In a filter comprising a filtering chamber, a collecting chamber, and an
intervening division-head, the combination with said division-head of a cap resting
upon the upper side thereof and spanning an opening therein, said cap being

page_text: provided with slots or openings as described, a body adapted to bear against the
lower side of said head and containing filtering and collecting compartments as
described, and means for detachably connecting said body to said cap from the
under side of the division-head, substantially as described.
12. In a filter, the combination with a division-head separating the filtering
chamber from the collecting chamber thereof, of a series of secondary filters seated
within openings in said head, each of. said secondary filters comprising a cap
provided with openings and having depending therefrom a centrally disposed rod,
and a body provided with a filtering compartment and a collecting compartment
separated from each other by a perforated head, said head also having a centrally
disposed hole to receive said rod, whereby said body is adapted to be supported by
a nut screwed upon said rod beneath said head, substantially as described.
Dated the 16th dow of Wa 1000
GEORGE HENRY MOORE.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.