IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF GRAIN FOR GRINDING INTO FLOUR AND IN APPARATUS • THEREFOR.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis Scudder Chichester and Charles Finck
Chichester, both of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United
States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF GRAIN FOR GRINDING INTO FLOUR AND IN APPARATUS
•
THEREFOR.
"
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Sealed the 28th May 1872, and dated the 11th December 1871.
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis Scudder
Chichester and Charles Finck Chichester at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th
December 1871:
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5: We, LEWIS SCUDDER, CHICHESTER; and CHARLES FINCK CHICHESTER,
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both of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of America,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS

page_text: IN
THE PREPARATION OF GRAIN FOR GRINDING INTO FLOUR AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows:
Grain as it is transported or stored in bulk is liable to become musty,
and sometimes heats and becomes damaged.
This Invention relates to an apparatus for cooling, deodorizing, and
purifying the grain, for, scouring off the soft portions of the hull and
removing any dirt, mildew, or foreign substances from the grain, then
drying the same so as to remove-moisture from the flour, and then
grinding the grain while hot or warm, in which condition the hull is
tough in consequence of the heat and the moisture that is driven from
the grain to the surface by the heat, so that the hull is not so much
broken as heretofore, and there is very little loss from the flour adhering
to the hull. The result of these improvements is a superior flour both
in color, quality, and freedom from moisture, hence it will keep in any
climate.
•
The grain is supplied into vertical bins with perforated sides
-sufficiently-close-together to allow air to be freely drawn through the
mass of grain between the perforated sides. Three or more of these
bins are placed. together and the air exhausted. by a blower from the
chamber that is formed between these vertical bins. The grain is
danist should bconical table and runs from that into the
supplied at top upon a com
bins. If f the bins fill too full the accumulation upon the conical table
causes it to descend (the same being supported by springs or their
equivalents); and in so doing the delivery valve is opened wider by
a connection to such conical table; the reverse movement 'takes place
when the grain sinks too low, thereby this portion of the apparatus is
automatic.
Marvtil
In order to cause the air to pass through the grain and not through
the perforated sides only, when the bins are not entirely full, there are
horizontal diaphragms across the air chamber at suitable distances, and
in these are openings with balanced air valves above them which close
by the rush of the atmosphere, limiting the suction to those portions of
the perforated bins that are full of grain.
DIRE
The scouring mechanism that serves to remove the soft portions of
the hulls and foreign matter consists of a revolving scouring wheel
made with a roughened surface of emery or other abrading material and
having series of concentric coves. The grain is supplied near the

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Lewis Scudder-Chichester, and Charles Finck
Chichester in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th June 1872.
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TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LEWIS
SCUDDER CHICHESTER and CHARLES FINCK CHICHESTER, both of
Brooklyn, in the
State of New York, United States of America, send
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greeting.
1 f
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.
IV.
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WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by, Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, didifor Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Lewis Scudder Chichester and Charles
Finck Chichester, Her special licence that we, the said Lewis Scudder
Chichester, and Charles Finck Chichester, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or su
such others as, we,
the said Lewis. Scudder Chichester
and Charles Finck Chichester, our, executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,.,from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OF GRAIN FOR GRINDING INTO FLOUR AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Lewis Scudder
Chichester and Charles Finck Chichester, our executors or adminis
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
f.
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NOW KNOW YE, that, we, the said Lewis Scudder Chichester and
Charles Finck Chichester, do hereby declare the nature of our said,
-Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being made to the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-

page_text: KL.
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Grain as it is transported or stored in bulk is: liable to become musty,
and sometimes heats and becomes damaged.
71750
A. 1
STEP
This Invention relates to an apparatus for cooling, deodorizing, and
purifying the grain; for scouring off the soft portions of the hull and re-
moving any dirt, mildew, or foreign substances from the grain, then drying
the same so as to remove moisture from the flour, and then grinding the
grain while hot or warm, in which condition, the hull is tough in con-
sequence of the heat and the moisture that is driven from the grain to
the surface by the heat, so that the hull is not as much broken as
heretofore; and there is very little loss from the flour adhering to the
hull. The result of these improvements is a superior flour both in
color, quality, and freedom from moisture, hence it will keep in any
climate...
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K.
1.
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21
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Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 a sectional plan of the cool-
ing, dus
deodorizing, and cleaning, portion of this apparatus; Fig. 3 is, a
vertical section of the scouring apparatus for removing the outer and
soft portions of the hulls; Fig. 4 is a section showing the scouring
wheel in a flat instead of a conical form; Fig. 5 is a vertical section of
a series of the scouring wheels, and Fig. 6 represents in larger size a
portion of the scouring, surfaces and the direction, in which the grain
travels; Fig. 7 is a vertical section in small size of the apparatus
employed for, heating and drying, the grain previous to grinding the
same; Fig. 8 shows the inclined heating tables for the grain; Fig. 9 is
a sectional plan of the grinding apparatus, and. Fig. 10 is a sectional
elevation of the same.
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The grain is; supplied into vertical bins a, a, Figs. 1. & 2, with
perforated sides sufficiently close, together to allow air to be freely drawn
through the mass of grain between the perforated sides. Three or more.
ofs these bins are placed together: (Fig. 2-shows-four of them)-and-the-
air exhausted by a blower from the chamber f that is formed between
these vertical bins. The grain is supplied at top upon a conical table g,
and runs from that into the bins. If the bins fill to full, the accumula-
tion upon the conical table causes it to descend (the same tbeing
supported by springs or their equivalents), and in so doing the delivery
valve is opened wider by a connection to such conical table. The

page_text: A blower
is driven in connection with this scourer to draw the dust
towards the center. and, convey it away. Figs. 5 and 6 show the same
parts for the same purpose only there are several of the wheels aupon
one shaft b¹ which act as hurlers, and the case h¹ is made with ring-
shaped abraders 3 that perform the principal portion of the scouring,
because its coves 3 are lined with emery or similar material, and the
"grain is thrown off one wheel a into its cove, as illustrated in Fig. 6,
where it is scoured and falls through the opening upon the next wheel'a
below." The air through the inlets of between these coves conveys away
dust and particles of hulls to the blower The shaft b' is adjustable to
vary the openings for the delivery of grain between the wheels a' and
case h
1
The grain passes, into the, dryer, Fig. 7, which is made of a vertical
bin with hot air spaces ² upon each side, and ranges of A-shaped
half tubes 3, o, or inverted troughs pass across from side to side, of
the bin and made of sheet metal stiffened with ribs, as shown in
Fig. 8.
I
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At one end of each range of tubes o³, ², are openings 23 to. admit, hot
air, and at the other end there are tubes 83 connecting across the hot air
space to escape flues u³, and these are positioned alternately to
equalize the action of the hot air that passes through the grain to heat
and dry the same.
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The hot air is derived from a chamber 9%, into which both atmosphere
from the flues e and the, products of combustion from an anthracite/coal
5 or coke fire at * are admitted, so that the air is very dry, and hot,
but not of a temperature to injure the grain, hence the grain will
be thoroughly dried by such air passing through the tubes 23, 6; and in
contact with the grain, but the heat drives off moisture from the center
of the grain through the hull, therefore the hull will not be as brittle
0 as it would subsequently become after cooling; I therefore pass the
grain to the grinding mill-in-a-warm condition so that the hull will not
be broken in grinding as much as heretofore; and the flour will adhere
but little to the same, and the scouring and cleaning operations before
employed taking off foreign matter render the flour very pure, and the
5 yield large.
18
The grain is preferably ground by the action of beaters instead of the

page_text: ordinary rubbing surfaces: I make use of a revolving shaft a³, Figs. 9
and 10, with a series of ranges of, beaters 6 made of metal and flexible,
and these revolve in the spaces: between the divisions c³ and within the
case_di.
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In these divisions, care depressions, 10, forming corrugations that a
produce a series of eddies in the air,to throw the grain into the path of
the beaters so that such grain may be broken and, the flour, finely.com-
minuted and cleaned out of the hulls, but the hulls themselves will not
be, ground up, as usual, being, tough as before mentioned.The grain
passes in at the chute 12 and is delivered by, the chute 13, and, in each 1
division there is one or more openings 14 through which the material
passes, and these openings are beveled on one side so that the beaters
revolving adjacent to the opening cause a suction or circulation of the
air to carry the flour and hulls from the receiving to the delivery ends of
the machine 01
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It is preferable to perform the operations successively in the order set
forth, but the improved devices described may be used separately for the
described purpose.
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What we claim as our Invention ; and, desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,
1
1. 3
First. The vertical bins of perforated material into which the grain is
'supplied in combination with the slats d'd that cross said bins and
partially sustain the weight of the grain; and agitate the same as it
descends, as-set forth.
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2
Second. The balance valves 7, 1, in the diaphragms of the air chamberf 2
in combination with the bins, a of perforated, material, as and for the
purposes set forth fr
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Third. The yielding regulating-platform g;connected, to the valve;i in
combination with the bins a, for the purposes and substantially, as set
forth
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Fourth. The scouring mechanism composed of a revolving cylinder
below a stationary cylinder or feeding device, as and for the purposes set
forth: 9069 vah
3

page_text: 33
Fifth. The revolving, disk connected to the scouring, cylinders by its
shaft and receiving the cleaned grain previous to its delivery, asiand for,
the purposes set forth.
Sixth The revolving scourer a¹formed with concentric coves 2,2, and
afroughened surface, in combination with the stationary deflectors 3,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth
it
Seventh. The section made adjustable to regulate the discharge of
the grain, in combination with the revolving scourer a¹, having con-
centric coves and a roughened surface and the stationary deflectors 3,13,
substantially as set forth w
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Eighth. The revolving centrifugal hurlers a' in combination with the
concave ring-shaped abraders 3, the parts, being constructed and
operating substantially as set forth.
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Ninth. The furnace, for a grain dryer made with the double side
walls and arch for mixing atmosphèric air with the products of com-
bustion, and passing the same directly into the drying apparatus, as set
forth.
Tenth. The arrangement of the flues k², k³, bin 2, ranges of tables ², o³,
and pipes så, s, leading to the chimneys u³, u³, as and for the purposes
set forth.
Eleventh. The sheet metal tables for a grain dryer made as an inverted
trough with ribs in the sheet metal near the edges, for the purposes and
as set forth.
.
Twelfth. The method herein specified of preparing grain for grinding
by the application of artificial heat, as and for the purposes set forth.
Thirteenth. A revolving shaft with ranges of beaters in combination
with a case having divisions with openings, and a supply opening at
one end and a delivery opening at the other end, substantially as set
forth for preparing flour from grain as specified.
'
Fourteenth. The divisions c³, c³, having depressions 10 and openings
or mouths 14 as set forth, in combination with the ranges of beaters, as
and for the purposes specified.

page_text: Fifteenth A shaft with a series of flexible beaters revolving within a
case, and acting to comminute flour and separate the same from the
hulls, substantially as set forth.
Ingwitness, whereof,, we, the said Lewis Scudder Chichester and
Charles Finck Chichester, have hereunto set our hands and seals;
this Tenth day of May, A.D. 1872: