IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER”.
Year: 1884

page_text: I JACOB BLOOM YEAGLEY, of Indianapolis in the County of Marion and State
of Indiana one of the United States of America Gentleman do hereby declare the
nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER”.
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
I will describe the Invention in its application to the raising of water from a
source at which the pressure may be said to be constant such as a basin or reservoir
from which the water is taken to supply a city and said-water then raised to a
higher level than the hydrostatic pressure level at the reservoir and distributed in
buildings having connections with the water mains the pressure being insufficient
ordinarily to raise water in pipes to the upper stories of the higher buildings except
probably in cases of emergency such as a fire or other extraordinary emergency
when the full pressure is directed into a few mains where the Holly or other like
system is employed, while the reservoir system would raise water only about as
high as the surface, water in the reservoir.
The object of my Invention is to raise water automatically into the upper stories
or on the roofs of the highest buildings under a very low or ordinary pressure, under
either of the above systems such pressure, being no greater for instance than ten or
fifteen pounds to the square inch, raising the water in buildings from about twenty
to thirty feet and considerably less in buildings standing on elevations.
With my apparatus under the same conditions water can be raised in pipes
automatically to any usually required height the amount of water thus raised being
governed-
First by the pressure in the supply pipe, leading to my apparatus.
Secondly by the dimensions of the latter and corresponding size of the pipe
leading to the main with a given pressure and
Third the height to which the water is required to be raised under a given
pressure with an apparatus of given dimensions.
.
The pressure or force obtained by my apparatus may be increased or decreased
with the same hydrostatic pressure simply by adjusting it higher or lower on the
pipe leading to the main, and under a high pressure, my apparatus works very
rapidly and an extraordinary pressure power of several thousand pounds to the
square inch may be obtained, the apparatus and pipes being of course of the
required strength to resist such a pressure.

page_text: Water under such a pressure could be raised not only hundreds but thousands of
feet. The cause of this is clearly to be seen in the construction and mechanical-
operation of the apparatus under such an hydrostatic pressure which may be
regarded as a vertical one, (the pipe being free from short turns) as for instance if
the water works pressure is sufficient to raise and maintain water in a pipe about
one hundred and fifty feet high equal to about seventy five pounds pressure to the
square inch the water will issue from the bottom of the pipe with a velocity of
more than ninety six feet per second, provided the pipe is kept constantly full
which is the case under a constant uniform pressure above stated and since the
momentum or quantity of motion is the weight of the moving mass multiplied by
its velocity and since the initial velocity in such a case is also its maximum or
final velocity, because it is a well known principle that the velocity of a stream
flowing from an orifice is the same theoretically as that acquired by a heavy body
falling freely from a height equal to the distance from the surface of the liquid to
the orifice, or in other words equal to the head of the liquid the head being the
vertical distance from the center of the orifice to the surface of the liquid. Hence
from these facts it is readily seen what power and velocity may be obtained from,
and under such conditions where hydromechanically applied as in my apparatus..
Referring to the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents a vertical section
through a house or other building showing my improvements as applied to the
waterworks pipe.
Figure 2 an enlarged vertical sectional view of the waste water receiver enclosing
eflux cylinder and check valve.
ر,
The apparatus A is composed of an eflux cylinder I provided with a check-valve i
and an air chamber A¹ provided with valve a¹ said chambers being connected by a
short cross pipe b connected to the pipe B at right angles externally, but communi-
cating internally so that the intersecting orifice is formed to comply with the
"contraction of the fluid vein to increase the velocity. A plug b' is provided
for closing drain opening in the bottom of supply pipe C which leads from the
apparatus to the tank E. The valve i, in eflux chamber I is shaped like an inverted
saucer with openings or slots ¹ in sides to let water flow through, and on outside
edges below and between each slot i¹ there is a small half round opening to wash
out the sand or sediment that may accumulate therein. This valve plays freely in
the eflux chamber I the openings letting through sufficient water to give the
required velocity of the water flow and consequent required resulting momentum
of the water.
D is a distributing pipe of which there may be several leading from tank E to
any desired room or rooms of the building or buildings to be supplied.
F is a tank supplied by pipe H from the waste water receiver I' that constitutes
the eflux cylinder. The receiver I' is closed at top by a double perforated cover K
the openings alternating, or not coinciding with each other so as to prevent water
from being thrown out of the receiver and yet to admit air freely through the
openings or perforation's.
D₁ is supply pipe leading from tank F down to any apartments below said tank
where water may be required.
S S are stop-cocks to draw water from supply pipes C and D.
y y represent over-flow pipes of tanks E and F which may be connected if
desired to other water-saving receivers or the operation of the apparatus may be
stopped, when the tanks are full, by closing either of the stop-cocks G.
The apparatus should be adjusted on the water-works pipe B so as to dispense
with elbows or short turns in the pipe leading to the apparatus, which is easily
done by placing the side of the apparatus against the wall of the building instead
of its end, as shown in the Drawing, which is so drawn simply to show more clearly
all the parts of the apparatus. This will then also avoid the turning of the pipe C,
leading to the tank E and thus give the apparatus much more power..
°
The apparatus being placed in the desired position, for instance ten or fifteen feet
or more below the statical water-works pressure, and the tanks, and the pipes

page_text: arranged as may be desired bearing in mind that the tank F must be placed at
least its own height lower than the apparatus A so as to have a free flow of the
waste water into it through pipe H.
For ordinary purposes, even in large buildings where much water is needed the
ordinary sized water pipes are used above the apparatus, and the apparatus need be
no larger than an ordinary gas-meter weighing only from fifty to sixty pounds,
while the pipes leading to the apparatus must always correspond with the size of
the apparatus employed.
The supply pipe running from the apparatus to the tank E may also be used to
supply water to the different rooms through the stop cocks S S as well as to supply
the tank.
The apparatus ready for operation, the stop cock G of pipe B is opened when the
water will enter the apparatus with a force theoretically-conditioned on the
principles above explained making allowances however for changes of flow in
the apparatus when in operation. The eflux check valve i within the eflux
cylinder I is instantly carried upwards by the pressure and current of the water,
and instantly closing the eflux cylinder orifice the water having by this time
been put in rapid motion and having no means of escape, forces open the air
chamber valve a³, (which opens upwards) caused by the momentum of the current
in the pipe, the air-chamber valve being in line with the current. At the same
time a part of the water in the cross-pipe b communicating with the eflux cylinder
is drawn out as well as the water in the eflux cylinder, below the check valve by.
the force of the current over the intersecting orifice of the cross pipe b into the air
chamber A¹ thus forming a partial vacuum in the pipe band. eflux cylinder under.
the check valve, the water having been carried into the air chamber. The sudden
condensation of the air in the air chamber by the momentum of the strain aids in
its operation, thus reducing the pressure in the eflux cylinder below the external
atmospheric pressure, which forces down the check valve, its dropping or opening
not depending on its weight, no matter how great the statical pressure of the water
may be.
The eflux valve is thus made to drop instantly by the external
atmospheric pressure or "suction as above explained.
"
The eflux orifice being thus opened and the water or current having expended its
effective force into the air-chamber, the air chamber valve closes under the pressure
above it, when the water again rushes to the eflux cylinder orifice but is again
instantly stopped, by the closing of the check valve, the maximum pressure being
again directed upon the air chamber valve, because it is in the direct line of the
current moving with great velocity and consequent powerful momentum especially
under a high head or pressure, again causing the water in the short cross pipe and
eflux cylinder to be drawn out by the rapidly flowing current over the intersecting
orifice of the cross pipe, and sudden condensation of the air in the air chamber,'
thus again causing a partial vacuum as above explained causing the eflux check
valve again to open as before, and so on automatically in rapid succession of but
little variation in the same apparatus under the same pressure.
The greater the pressure however the more rapid and powerful will the apparatus
work on the principles above explained.
It will thus be seen that it is not only an hydraulic device alone, but combines
a very important pneumatic principle without which the apparatus would be
inoperative constituting by the employment of these two very important and
valuable forces, governed by the physical force of gravity, really an hydro-
pneumatic apparatus.
To these successively rapid impulses varying from one hundred to several
hundred pulsations per minute, increasing and decreasing as the pressure varies in
the pipe to which the apparatus is attached, the water is forced from the air
chamber into the supply pipe C and from it in a steady stream caused by the
atmospheric condensation in the upper part of the air chamber.
A stop-cock may to good advantage be placed in the supply pipe a little above
the apparatus as well as below it and then by opening the drain plug and eflux
}

page_text: •
valve fresh air may be had to fill the air chamber, as well as to wash out the inside
of the apparatus the latter which is easily done by taking out the drain plug and
opening the lower stop-cock.
The application of the practical utility of this apparatus is not only for a sure
and cheap water supply for domestic purposes, but it is also an excellent and a
valuable protection against fire as the tanks may be large and kept constantly full
to successfully meet such an emergency. Again it must be borne in mind that the
waste water from the eflux cylinder is not a loss or expense to be charged against
the apparatus, even though any water-works company upon whose pipes it may be
placed should elect to put a water-meter on the pipe supplying the apparatus, the
waste water can be used in the lower parts of the building as advantageously as though
it was drawn directly from the water pipe and in case of a fire not in the building
the apparatus may be instantly stopped, thus allowing a speedy maximum pressure
in the mains from which the water is drawn for the purpose of extinguishing
the fire.
From what has been said the application of the apparatus for raising water from
a natural source of water supply will be readily understood from the brief
description given hereinafter. The function of the apparatus is precisely the same
as above set forth and if necessary the same apparatus may be used though I
prefer to employ an apparatus of slightly modified construction dispensing with the
waste water tank or cylinder I though if it is desired to use the waste water, this
cylinder may be employed.
Fig. 3 represents a vertical section through the apparatus after it has been placed
in the desired stratum.
Figure 4 an enlarged vertical section through the apparatus. Figure 5 an
enlarged detached view of the upper and lower parts which form the eflux fountain
pipe, and the connections between the eflux valved chamber, valved air chamber and
influx and supply pipes.
.
Figure 6 a detached view of the water distributor.
A and B represent two cast and grooved upper and lower, parts or plates
connected together by screws or, bolts with a suitable water tight packing between
their meeting faces. These grooved parts or plates have an interior groove which
forms the eflux fountain pipe b and also the parts to which the influx fountain
pipe B eflux valved chamber I, valved air chamber A¹ and supply tube Care
connected by any suitable screws or bolts.
If deemed expedient the parts A and B¹ may be cast in one piece. Through the
bottom of lower part B' is an opening communicating with the groove be that
connects the valved air chamber A¹ with the supply tube C. The opening is
closed by a screw or other suitable plug or stop-cock attachment b' and the object
of said opening is to drain out any sand or sediment that may gather in said
groove band valved air chamber A¹ by simply removing screw plug b¹ when the
water in supply pipe C will run out and at the same time the sand and sediment
will be washed out of the groove band valved air chamber.
L The valve in eflux chamber I is constructed and operates as hereinabove
described, a weight h suspended from a cord or chain H' connected with the valve
stem serving to stop the function of the apparatus by lifting the valve i to close
the eflux cylinder or chamber when the water pressure below the valve will hold it
closed then the supply pipe drainer 22 may be opened if required to prevent freezing
of the water in said supply pipe.
The apparatus is again set in motion by dropping the weight hon valve stem by
means of chain or cord H¹ to push the valve down, when the water will instantly
begin to flow from the chamber I thus setting the apparatus in automatic operation.
The weight h is then raised just high enough so as not to interfere with the
valve-stem in its automatic upward and downward motion: The supply pipe
drainer 2, 2 is then closed.
:
C represents an hydraulic distributor to be screwed on supply pipe C and has a
number of short.tubes c provided with stop cocks c² and by means or pipes or hose

page_text: connected to said tubes c, the water can be forced to any desired place by opening
that one needed and closing the others.
By connecting any of the hose or pipes with or to a turbine, or any water wheel
there may be run not only light but heavy machinery in proportion to the size of
my apparatus.
In Fig. 3 is shown a well dug into the first sand and gravel or any other water
bearing stratum V giving a low water rise and good drainage the water rising in
the well to the height y―y.
The influx pipe B is now driven or sunk through the clay stratum Z or other
stratum or strata, impervious to water, into the second or any other water-bearing
stratum W W giving the required hydrostatic rise in pipe B above the water rise
in the well employed as a drain of the waste water from the apparatus.
The pipe B may or may not be perforated at its lower end terminating in
cavity K which cavity may usually be formed by pumping out the finer sand before
the apparatus is screwed on pipe B.
This pipe B as also supply pipe C eflux valved chamber I and valved air
chainber A¹ should then be connected to the connected upper and lower parts Aª
and B¹.
The water will now flow from pipe B through eflux opening b by hydrostatic
pressure attempting to reach the hydrostatic equilibrium of the fountain head
water supplying the stratum in which the fountain pipe B terminates at its lower
end.
Now when the water has attained its greatest velocity through pipes B 6 in
seeking its hydrostatic level the valve i will close the eflux chamber I instantly by
being carried up by the current, and by the sudden stoppage of flow in said
chamber water will be forced into the air chamber A'; the port leading to the
latter and closed by valve a¹ should be perpendicular over and nearly as large in
area as the upper opening of the fountain pipe B in order to obtain the greatest
possible beneficial results as shown by my experiments with this apparatus the
function of which is precisely like that of the apparatus described in reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
It will be seen that at each closure of the valve i or at each reaction in the
flow which in reality is vertical the water cannot itself back upon the reservoir
because said reservoir is full and curbed beneath pervious and impervious strata.
It is obvious that a continuous and steady stream of water is forced auto-
matically through the supply pipe C; without the air chamber however the water
would issue from said pipe spasmodically at each pulsation of the valve i.
✗ ✗ represents. a suppositional height to which the water rises from the
cavity K¹.
Any two water bearing strata, whether first and second, first and third, second
and third, or first and fourth, second and fourth, or any other combination of water
bearing strata (separated by a stratum or strata impervious to water) giving the
greatest difference of hydrostatic levels are employed. A difference as low as two
and one-half feet will, automatically operate my improved apparatus for ordinary
purposes.
Where one of the water bearing strata gives an artesian flow sufficiently high-
above the ground, then the apparatus may be screwed on an artesian fountain
pipe and the surface of the ground employed to drain off, the waste water from
the apparatus where water is required to be raised higher than the artesian.
fountain flow.
I have demonstrated recently that a difference of hydrostatic levels of from five.
to fifteen feet can be almost invariably found between the rise in a well dug into.
first water bearing stratum, and the rise from the second water bearing stratum
and I have obtained wonderful results of power with my improved apparatus. and
I believe the geological stratification of the earth's crust to be such as to almost
invariably find in any locality a difference of bydrostatie levels in the water
bearing strata as explained above to operate my improved apparatus,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of the water works supply pipe B with main connection
supply pipe C the tank E and apparatus A. consisting of the eflux valved cylinder i
valved air chamber A¹ and connecting cross pipe b said apparatus A 'arranged
. below the statical water works pressure substantially as and for the purpose shown
and described.
2. The combination of the water-works supply pipe B with main connection
supply pipe C tank E and supply pipe D and the apparatus A consisting of the
eflux valved cylinder I, valved air chamber A¹ and connecting cross pipe b said
apparatus A'arranged below the statical water-works pressure substantially as and
for the purpose herein shown and described.
3. The combination of the water-works supply pipe B with main connection
supply pipe C, tank E supply pipe D tank F and the apparatus A' consisting of
the eflux valved cylinder I valved air chamber A¹ and connecting cross pipe b,
substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
4. The combination of the water-works pipe B, supply pipe C, tank E, supply
pipe D tank F, waste water receiver I¹ pipe H, and apparatus A consisting of the
eflux cylinder I valved air-chamber A¹ and connecting cross pipe b substantially as
as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
5. The combination of the water works supply pipe B with main connection
supply-pipe C, apparatus A consisting of the effux valved cylinder I valved air
chamber A¹ and connecting cross pipe 6 the waste water receiver I¹ pipe H and
tank F substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
.6. The combination of the water works supply pipe B with main connection
supply pipe C intermediate apparatus A consisting of the eflux valved cylinder I
valved air chamber A', cross pipe band waste water receiver I¹ having double
perforated top K with alternating openings substantially as and for the purpose
herein shown and described.
7. The combination of the water-works supply pipe B communicating with main
pipe, apparatus A constructed substantially as described, supply pipe C, tank E
supply pipe D tank F and supply pipe D¹ all substantially as shown and described
with reference to Figs. 1, and 2.
8. In an apparatus for raising water from wells having water bearing strata of
different hydrostatic levels the combination with an influx fountain pipe B of the
two-part castings A2 B¹ having a pipe b groove 62, eflux valved chamber I, valved
air chamber A¹ said parts adapted to connect two water bearing strata of different
hydrostatic levels substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.
9. In an apparatus for raising water from wells having water bearing strata of
different bydrostatic levels, the combination with an influx fountain pipe B of the
parts A and B¹ having a pipe b the eflux válved chamber I, valved air chamber A¹
and supply pipe C adapted to communicate with air chamber and all arranged
to connect two water bearing strata of different hydrostatic levels substantially as
and for, the purpose herein shown and described.
10. In an apparatus for raising water from wells, having water bearing strata of
different hydrostatic levels, the combination with an eflux chamber I, an air
chamber adapted to connect pipes B b and the supply pipe C, of the parts A and B¹
provided with groove 6, the opening communicating therewith and the plug or
stopcock attachment b¹ substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and
described.
11. In an apparatus for raising water from wells, having water-bearing strata of
different hydrostatic levels, the combination with a valved air chamber and influx
and eflux pipes B b of the eflux chamber I having an inverted saucer shaped valve i,
with openings or- and through it, substantially as and for the purpose herein
shown and described.

page_text: 12. In an apparatus for raising water from wells having water bearing strata of
different hydrostatic levels the combination with a valved air-chamber and influx
and eflux pipes of the eflux chamber I having a valve i and a connecting rope or
chain H having a weight h substantially as and for the purposes herein shown and
described.
13. In an apparatus for raising water from wells having water bearing strata of
different hydrostatic levels the combination of an influx fountain pipe and eflux
fountain pipes said two pipes adapted to connect two water bearing strata of
different hydrostatic levels intermediate valved air chamber, eflux valved chamber
supply pipe and drainer, 2, 2, and a water distributor having a series of pipes
controlled by stop cocks substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and
described.
14. The combination of an artesian fountain pipe, an eflux fountain pipe, with
an eflux valved chamber said two pipes adapted to connect (an artesian flow water
bearing stratum and surface waste water drain) intermediate valved air chainber
adapted to connect eflux fountain pipe, artesian fountain pipe and the supply
pipe C and parts A and B₁ provided with groove 6 and plug or stop cock
attachment 6' all substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and
described with reference to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6.