matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE ERECTION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Guthrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1875.
I, EDWIN GUTHRIE, of the City of Manchester, Accountant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
USED IN THE ERECTION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
I take pieces of any suitable material, preferably wood in the form
commonly called boards or planks of any convenient length; one
surface, which herein-after is called the inner surface, is dressed true
and smooth, the other side herein-after called the outside, may be
either left smooth, but preferably ribbed, webbed, or cross barred for
the purpose of stiffening. These planks are treated in pairs, each plank
of a pair of planks being of exactly similar dimensions. Each pair of
planks is connected together at each end by rods, preferably of strong
metal movable upon headed bolts fastened into the centre of each end of
each plank, so that when connected they lie parallel with each other,
and are movable by a parallel motion, and so that when placed edge to

page_text: In order the more surely to obtain a truly vertical or truly battered
wall, a rod preferably of iron or steel may be used by fixing one end of
the same in a staple or other proper holder attached to the lower end of
the plank which for the time being is lowermost, which rod will also
pass through similar holders attached to the outside of each plank near
their edges. This rod will be slightly tapered edgeways, so that by
tapping it either way by a hammer the position of the plank which is
then being set may be accurately adjusted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLES FOR CUTTING OUT PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abram Charles Herts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1875.-A communication from abroad by John Herts,
of New York, United States of America.
I, ABRAM CHARLES HERTS, of 123, Chancery Lanc, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLES FOR CUTTING OUT PURPOSES," a communication
to me from abroad by John Herts, of New York, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a table for cutting out
purposes, chiefly designed as a work table for private and domestic use,
which table may be set up as an additional article of furniture, affording
great facility for measuring, cutting out, planning, and making up
fabrics, dresses, and other articles of wearing apparel, and the table
when not in use can be folded up into a small compass and be put
out of the way behind some article of furniture or other convenient
place.
The table top is formed in two or more parts, hinged or jointed at the

page_text: cuges. Drawers are also provided for buttons, bureau, tapes, au
like.
The height of the table is such as to enable a lady to stand with ease
to work, and bolts running in slots are furnished at the joint or joints of
the table to make it rigid when in use.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FORM OR SECTION OF ROLLED BAR IRON AND THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME TO MINERAL WAGGONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Benda at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1875.
I, GUSTAV BENDA, of Kattowitz, in Silicia, Prussia, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FORM OR SECTION
OF ROLLED BAR IRON AND THE MODE OF APPLYING THE SAME TO MINERAL
WAGGONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to apply my new form of rolled bar
iron to constructions of structures, where iron and iron, iron and wood,
and iron and glass are combined.
My new section or form consists of two U sections combined at right
angles, thus but without restriction to the exact proportions shown
by this diagram. The section is produced in the same way as the now
usual "sections." This section is applicable to a great variety of
constructions, but I will describe one use to which it may advantageously
be applied, viz., to mineral waggons. The end frames of the body of
the waggon are made of iron of my section and are fastened to the
carriage frame by screws or rivets; the middle frame or frames are mado

page_text: of double U section iron under an angle of 180°. The paneling for sides
and ends is then inserted in the grooves of the section, and to give
additional strength a double L iron may be put along the top. For the
insertion of the bottom it is necessary to take a side so much out of the
vertical U section as the groove through the horizontal U section; the
side boards close this opening again.
The advantages of this construction are that all screws and rivets for
joining sides, ends, and bottom with the carriage frame are saved, that
the section iron is not weakened by screws or rivets, and that the
construction is cheaper because of its simplicity.
AN IMPROVED. TENSION REGULATOR FOR THE CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Campbell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1875.
I, COLIN CAMPBELL, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED. TENSION REGULATOR FOR THE CORDS OF WINDOW
BLINDS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to improvements in regulating the
tension of the cords of window blinds has for its object to adjust the
tension by self action to accord with the state of the atmosphere,
whereby undue tightness in damp weather and undue slackness in dry
weather are obviated without manual assistance. It consists in attaching
the bracket carrying the adjusting pulley to a rod. This rod is inserted
in a correspondingly shaped barrel or socket, in one end of which is
carried a coiled or other spring which bears on the uppermost end of
the said rod, and tends to force the latter in a downward direction. The
socket or barrel of the instrument being secured to the window frame,
and the blind cord passed around the pulley, it will be plain that as the

page_text: cord contracts or expands the pulley will be raised and lowered
accordingly, and all the inconvenience arising from tightness or looseness
of the cord are obviated; less wear on the roller bearings is obtained,
-and-ordinary-dyed-hemp-cord-may-be-substituted-for-that-bound-with-
worsted now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR Expanding Tubes
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1875.-A communication from abroad by Orestes Pagan,
Thomas Leonard Ricart, and Miguel Angel Montejo, all of Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Manufacturers.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
Expanding Tubes,” a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the novel construction and combination of
parts of an apparatus or tool chiefly designed for expanding boiler
tubes and herein-after fully described.
The main stock of this tool has a longitudinal bore partly screw
threaded. The mandril is formed in two parts, one cylindrical and
threaded, the other smooth and taper. One part is formed with a socket
into which fits the journal of the other part. I form an annular groove
in the journal, and a pin fitting in said groove forms a swivel and
permits the sections of the mandril to revolve independently.

page_text: No text detected.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATIONS OF DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, OR LAMINABLE METAL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1875.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Smith House, Lightcliffe, near Halifax,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATIONS OF DUCTILE, MALLEABLE, OR
LAMINABLE METAL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the application of a fabric constructed
of some or one of the above class of metals for the purpose of giving
increased safety.
The fabric is constructed in manner as described in the Provisional
Specification lodged by me, and for which Provisional Protection was
granted, bearing date the 4th of September 1875, No. 3110, that is to
say, metal rods are twisted into a helical or spiral form, some with a
right-hand twist or spiral, and some with a left-hand twist or spiral.
The strength of the rods and the diameter and length of the spirals is
determined by the purpose for which they are to be used. In putting
together the fabric a left-hand spiral and a right-hand spiral are

page_text: interlaced alternately, and held in that postion by locking pins passing
through them, which pins may either be of metal, wood, or some fibrous
substance.
The useful applications of this Invention are most numerous, as an
internal core or skeleton into and upon which melted metal can be run, 5
it will be found most invaluable, also if run with concrete or any kind
of cement or compostion which will set hard.
It will likewise be found invaluable when used as an external jacket
or covering to give increased strength or increased protection.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN HINGES OR JOINTS APPLICABLE TO GATES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1875.
I, THOMAS ROWE, at present of Denmark Hill, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HINGES OR JOINTS APPLICABLE TO GATES AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of hinges
or joints applicable to clothes' horses or folding frames, gates, and other
like purposes where a simple form of hinge or joint is required for
connecting two posts, bars, or parts together. For this purpose
according to one part of my improvements a hinge or joint (suitable for
connecting two parts of a clothes' horse or other folding of a frame, gate,
or other similar parts together) is formed by two or more straps, bands,
or rings of oval or other suitable form connected together by means of
one or more cross pieces forming slots in the band. The hinge or joint
may be made from a plate of metal having suitable slots formed therein,
the ends of the plate being soldered or otherwise secured together.

page_text: The straps or bands encircle or embrace the posts, bars, or other parts to
be hinged or jointed together (or they may be otherwise secured to one
of such parts).
When applied to a clothes' horse or other similar folding frame, the
ends of one or more of the horizontal bars pass through the slotted
openings in the bands or straps: placed around two uprights, and are
fixed into the uprights thus held together, so that the jointed frames
may be folded close together in either direction when desired. In its
application to a gate one part of the hinge or joint is fixed to the
stationary post or frame, whilst the other encloses the vertical post or
bar forming the end of the gate which rotates within the strap or band.
In this case one slot only is necessary.
•
-
In place of the slotted bands previously, described simple rings or
bands may be employed in accordance with another part of my Inven-
tion, the rings or bands being retained in position around the two
uprights or bars hinged or jointed together by means of pins or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS AND IN LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY Gas
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Latimer Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1875.
I, JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, of 5, Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS AND IN LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY
Gas," to be as follows :—
The first improvement consists in an arrangement of apparatus by
which the guard or engine driver can at any time partially shut off the
gas from the burners or turn it on at pleasure, so as to avoid wasting the
gas when it is not required. For this purpose near to each burner or set
of burners I place a tap or valve which may be opened or closed by the
action of a small pneumatic piston or bellows; this piston or bellows is
worked either by compressed air or by vacuum; a pipe is carried along
the whole length of the train and is connected to each piston or bellows;
the guard or engine driver has a tap by which he can open the pipe
to the pressure or vacuum, and thereby open or close all the taps
throughout the train to prevent all flickering of the gas flames, now

page_text: caused by the oscillation of the gas reservoirs at the top of the carriages.
I place in the connection pipe between the reservoir and the burners a
regulator consisting of a light clastic bag or bellows, which may
be compressed by a spring, so that the pulsations of gas caused by the
vibration of the carriago dilate and contract the bag, and prevent the
pulsations of gas from reaching the burners.
It is preferred that the gas should enter the regulator by one passage,
and be led off by another to the burner, the inlet pipe is furnished with
a valvo to provent any back draught into the reservoir. It is obvious
that this valve may be arranged to be opened and closed by the
movement of the bag, and to form a regulator of pressure of the ordinary
construction.
Where fluid regulators are employed for the regulation of the pressure
of gas as it passes to gas burners it is found that they are sometimes
subject to violent oscillation, owing to pulsations caused by sudden
alterations in the flow of the gas, these pulsations causing the drum
which carries the regulating valve to oscillate up and down, and causo
unpleasent flickering when the gas is suddenly turned off or on. I
obviate this defect by admitting the gas into the interior of the drum
only by a very small and contracted aperture, so that no sudden changes
of pressure can come upon the interior of the drum, and its action upon
the regulating valve is therefore gradual and steady. The same result
may be obtained by contracting the communication between the fluid in
the interior of the drum and that on its exterior, so that time must
elapse before the water in the interior can flow to the exterior, and vice
versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hubbard James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1875.
I, SAMUEL HUBBARD JAMES, Civil Engineer, of Gracechurch Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS," to be
as follows:-
Whereas in ordinary tunnels under water it becomes imperative to place
the works at a very low level in order to obtain for them a strata imper-
meable to water; this Invention overcomes the difficulty by making use of
a water-tight metal tube (with or without internal supports or brick lining)
so placed permanently that the top of it need only be a sufficient depth
below the ordinary bed of the water to be clear of damage from an
anchor or similar danger in places liable thereto. A tube thus situated
might require to be moored as well as supported. For this purpose I

page_text: The purposes for which the Invention would be especially useful
would be for conducting a road, railway, or other communication,
through or partly through a water bearing strata or upper layers of river
beds, thus obtaining easier gradients than by the usual method of
tunnelling.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BLAST FURNACES FOR SMELTING IRON AND OTHER ORE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1875.-A communication from abroad by William
Alexander Stephens, of Succasunṇa Plains, in the State of New
Jersey, and William Moller, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BLAST
FURNACES FOR SMELTING IRON AND OTHER ORE," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to hot blast furnaces for smelting iron and other
ore.
The Invention consists in a combination of an air blast, one or more
fires for heating the same, one or more twyeres for the introduction of the
blast in a heated condition to the blast furnace, and one or more ducts
between the fire or fires and twyere or twyeres, whereby the blast and
the gaseous products of combustion of the fire or fires are brought
together before reaching the blast furnace, and both are caused to pass

page_text: together into the furnace, so that the heat ordinarily wasted from the
blast heating fire or fires is utilized in the furnace, thereby not only
producing great economy of fuel but allowing of a blast of reduced
pressure being used, and thereby saving power.
The Invention also consists in supporting the oven (in which the ore
before introducing it to the furnace is roasted by the waste gases from
the blast furnace) upon hollow columns resting on the furnace, and
serving in addition to their support of the oven to convey the waste
gases from the blast furnace to the oven, from which when the ores have
been roasted or calcined therein they may be dropped through a hole in
the bottom of the oven into the blast furnace below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE-BOAT RAFTS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David, Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1875.
I, DAVID BROWN, of Harrow, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE-BOAT RAFTS FOR SAVING LIFE AT
SEA," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in life-boat rafts for
saving life at sea. For this purpose I make a large tube of copper,
brass, zinc, iron, or other suitable metal formed in the shape of a
parallelogram, and having rounded corners, or any other appropriato shape
may be adopted. This metal tube is divided into several compartments
and bound together by three or more bands of copper, brass, iron, zinc,
or other metal, the whole being cased with cork and covered with
canvas.
In the centre of the tubes I form a grating lying on and fixed to the
metal bands before described, and I form the keel for either top or
bottom of pieces of wood, lashed parallel to the longest sides of the tube.
I place three or four thwarts across the raft, and rivet them thereto, A
.

page_text: wooden batten is fixed so as to form a fender all round the raft with a
looped line fastened to it, which line serves as a holdfast.
Lockers for provisions are fastened inside, such lockers being of a
conical form between the tube and the band, and being fastened to the
first band which will allow an easy entrance and delivery of the water
as the boat is propelled.
The raft is provided with some sails, masts, and oars.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SIGN OR LAMP ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO TOBACCONNISTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thornton Kinder and
Edmund Cornelius Kinder at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th September 1875.
WC, JOSEPH THORNTON KINDER and EDMUND CORNELIUS KINDER,
both of Stratford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SIGN OR LAMP ESPECIALLY
APPLICABLE TO TOBACCONNISTS,” to be as follows :-
:-
The object of this Invention is to supply a sign for tobacconnists' shops
of a novel character, which will in the daytime present a striking and
ornamental trade sign, while at night it will also combine the advantages
of a lamp, and be an admirable advertisement denoting for a considerable
distance the situation of a tobacconnist's.
The new or improved sign consists of a hollow cylinder of roughed or
ground glass or any other suitable semi-transparent material the ribs or
rings of which are of alternate colours similar to the wooden tobacconist's
signs now universally used. This cylinder can be illuminated like an
ordinary lamp by means of a gas jet within from a pipe ending in a
burner attached to a short rod, the wormed end of which passes into the

page_text: central aperture of a metal plate and is secured thereto by a nut. This
plate carries round its circumference a band or collar into which a
corresponding collar in the glass body is made to fit, the body of the
lamp and its bottom frame or plate are thus brought together.
• The top¨framework consists of two plates; one of which is perforated i
for the purposes of ventilation and kept slightly apart from the other
by four short pillars. This lamp or cylinder is connected to a projecting
gas pipe and dip which supplies the gas.
We have described the object for which we seek protection though in
practice the arrangements and details may be modified without departing
from the principle of the Invention.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1875.-A communication from abroad by Anna
Catherina Schmidt, of London, but at present residing in Paris,
France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS," a
communication to me from abroad by Anna Catherina Schmidt, of
London, but at present residing in Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Many kinds of envelopes have been proposed for securing the in-
violability of letters, but none have been able to resist either heat, or
above all steam, for softening the gum, so that the envelope might be
opened and re-gummed instantly.
The object of this Invention is to overcome this defect by the means
herein-after described and shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
This improved envelope may be said to resemble all ordinary envelopes,
with this difference, that the back upon which the address is inscribed is

page_text: entirely gummed and fastens the envelope. The last part or flap of this
envelope may be opened like that of all others by the influence of steam;
but when the part B is to be opened it can only be done by effacing the
. address which is written upon this part..
The main feature of my improved envelope is therefore the rendering
adhesive that part of the envelope upon which the address is written, the
envelope being made of any shape and of any material which may be
preferred.
Figure 1 of the Drawing shows an envelope made according to this
Invention ready to receive the letter. The letter is laid upon the part
D; the part E is folded over upon it; then the parts c, c', which have
gum at the edges, are gummed over the part E; the letter is then
enclosed by the gummed part B; the part A seals it in the ordinary
manner, and the address is written on the part B. Thus the gummed
part B can only be opened by removing the address written upon it.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Albert Rood and
Barnard Hallett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th February 1875.
We, GEORGE ALBERT ROOD, of Bridport, in the County of Dorset,
Manufacturer, and BARNARD HALLETT, of the same Place, Cutler, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BICYCLES," to be as follows:-
.
In bicycles as at present ordinarily constructed treadle blocks upon
which the feet of the rider are to rest are mounted on the crank pins on
either side of the driving wheel, and consequently the size of driving
wheel that can be used is limited by the length of the driver's legs and
a rider with short legs cannot drive as large a wheel as a rider with
longer ones. To remedy this, in place of mounting treadle blocks upon
the crank pins, I connect a rod to each of the crank pins, which rods are
carried upwards to above the top of the wheel, and at their upper ends
are connected by links to the upper part of the fork which rises up from
the axle of the driving wheel as is usual.
In the lower part of each of the rods a series of holes are bored to
allow of the treadle blocks being attached to them at any desired distance

page_text: from the crank pins, according to the height of the rider. By this means
many men of different heights may use the same machine merely
by shifting the position of the treadle blocks or steps. The leverage
upon the driving wheel may also be increased, as longer cranks may be
used than is now practicable.
Instead of connecting the upper ends of the upright rods to the fork
by means of links they may be connected to it by steel springs or by
cranks which correspond in their action with the cranks of the driving
wheel.
AN IMPROVED GAME, AND INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Mountfort and Ernest
Chesmer Mountfort at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th January 1875.
We, WALTER MOUNTFORT and ERNEST CHESMER MOUNTFORT, of 17,
New Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Fancy Goods.
Dealers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED GAME, AND INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of a rod of metal or other suitable material
capable of being rigidly fixed in a vertical position on a supporting base,
which base is attached by a bar at a convenient distance to a board
containing a number of concavities, marked with numbers in the manner
of those in a bagatelle board, or other suitable projections or inlets
commonly used in such games, and also having upon it a pedestal or
"castle" upon which is deposited a ball of suitable size formed pre-
ferably of ivory. To the vertical rod a horizontal one is attached
preferably by a socket of metal into which it screws, or the upper part of
the vertical rod may be bent over in a horizontal direction. From the
end of this horizontal part of the apparatus a larger ball of ebony or
other suitable material is suspended by a line or cord which we prefer to

page_text: make of silk. The said ball is suspended at such a height and distance
from the board, that when swung round with sufficient force it will
describe a curve, come into contact with the ball on the "castle
pedestal, and detach or strike off the same.
"
or
When it is desired to play the game to which we give the name of
"quintain," the player takes the suspended ball in his hand and throws
it in such a manner, that it winds its attaching line round the per-
pendicular rod or standard till the force with which it is thrown is
expended. or the whole of the line taken up. It then immediately
begins to unwind itself and acquires in this action sufficient centrifugal
force to detach itself from the standard, describe a considerable curve
and strike off the ball from the pedestal or castle. This ball falls on the
board and rolls about the board, which we prefer to make slightly
concave in section and with a surrounding raised edge, and by falling
into a numbered concavity or other suitable means indicates the progress
of the game.
If desired two more or "castles" may be fixed on the board, and a
corresponding number of balls and standards employed in the game.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE APPLICATION OF BRAKE POWER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Lawrence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1875.
I, EDWIN LAWRENCE, of No. 6, Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE APPLICATION
OF BRAKE POWER," to be as follows:-
A lever operating the brake is connected to a piston capable of
working in a cylinder supplied with steam direct from the boiler, and
with force equal to the brake power required. Except when this brake
power is desired to be brought into operation, the brake lever is
sustained by a rod with a rule joint, or by other suitable trigger
arrangement, but when the velocity becomes excessive the governor acts
on the rule jointed supporting rod or other trigger arrangement to
release the brake lever, and then the steam in the cylinder being allowed
to exert its full force on the piston therein the brake is brought into
operation.

page_text: į
When the velocity becomes reduced the governor acts on a valve to a
waste steam pipe from the cylinder, and of considerably greater area
than that of the supply to it, when by the full pressure of steam being
taken off the piston another spring will act to release the brake lever,
and the rule jointed rod or other trigger will be caused to be reset for
supporting or holding that lever; or the lever operating the brake may
be moved by a weight or spring when released by the trigger action, and
the lever raised by hand or steam power to release the brake.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS IN WHICH CORDS, BELTS, OR THE LIKE PASS ROUND OR PARTLY ROUND PULLEYS, DRUMS, OR OTHER SIMILAR BODIES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with Petition, on the 5th
April 1875
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of the City of Bath, Esquire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS IN WHICH CORDS, BELTS, OR THE LIKE PASS ROUND
OR PARTLY ROUND PULLEYS, DRUMS, OR OTHER SIMILAR BODIES," to be as
follows: :-
My Invention has reference to apparatus in which cords, belts, or liko
contrivances pass round or partly round, or are wound upon or arc
winding upon pulleys, drums, or other similar bodies for the purpose of
transmitting motion or power or for other purpose, and the object of the
first part of my Invention is to enable the pulley, drum, or similar body,
to clip, grip, or bite the cord and thus prevent it slipping thereon. For
this purpose I construct the pulley with one of its sides inclined to the
other side, so that during the rotation of the pulley there shall constantly
be a narrow space in which the cord is as it were wedged, while at the
other parts of the pulley the sides are sufficiently apart to receive and to
release the cord with ease. In order to effect this I divide the 'pulley

page_text: into two parts or discs, one of which runs or turns upon an axle which
is inclined to the axle upon which the other part or disc of the pulley
runs or turns.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to prevent the on-
going part or coil, or any other coil or lap of the cord or bolt from riding
upon or becoming entangled with its neighbouring or other coil or lap
upon the drum, pulley, or other similar body. For this purpose I employ a
pin, stop, groove, disc, wheel, or other like device, which I place between
such on-going portion of the belt or cord and the other coil or portion
of the belt or cord from which it is required to separate it, or between
any two coils, parts, or laps I wish separated from each other.
IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR INCREASING THE ADHESION OF LOCOMOTIVE WHEELS ON RAILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1875. A communication from abroad by Emil Bürgin, of Basle,
Switzerland.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR
INCREASING THE ADHESION OF LOCOMOTIVE WHEELS ON RAILS," (a communication
to me from abroad by Emil Bürgin, of Basle, Switzerland,) to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the transport of great loads
at a great speed by increasing the adhesion of the wheels of carriages
drawing or carrying loads.
For this purpose the adhesion of the driving axle is increased by a
constant development of strong magnetism in the wheels on same,
the two wheels being made the poles of a powerful electro-magnet, the
axle is covered with insulated copper wire in many coils on one another,
and a strong constant galvanic current is caused to pass through the
wire.

page_text: By regulating the strength of the current the driver can alter the
adhesion and drawing force according to the gradients. Or instead of
the driving axles alone, all or some of the other wheels may be so fitted.
The wire may be from 3 to 6 millimetres in diameter.
By this Invention a smaller weight of engine is required for adhesion
than heretofore, and thus a less dead and useless weight has to be
carried. The permanent way requires no alteration, but a much greater
effect is attained by the employment of iron sleepers than wooden
ones.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Levy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1875.
I, ISAAC LEVY, of New York City, in the United States of America,
but now residing at Chalcott Terrace, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PLAYING CARDS," to be as follows:--
The object of this Invention is to enable a player to see at a glance
the denomination and value of the cards he holds in his hand, without
the necessity of spreading them out or displaying them so as to expose
the greater portion of the face of all the cards.
The Invention consists in adapting to the corners, sides, or other
convenient part of the margin of playing cards, an emblem consisting of
a letter or number in combination with the particular pip of the card, so
that its name, value, or denomination may be at once seen without
spreading them out or displaying the face of the cards in the player's
hand.

page_text: The best mode of carrying out the Invention is to place a small of
P!P
the suit and color in the left-hand top corner and right-hand bottom
corner of each card, and to combine therewith a letter or number
indicating the name and value of the card For instance, for the count
cards I place a small pip of the suit in the top and bottom corners of
the card, as aforesaid, and add thereto the initial letters A, K, Q, or J,
of Ace, King, Queen, or Jack, as the case may be; for the other cards
I add a number 2, 3, 4, indicating the number of pips and the value
of the card. All four suits are treated in the same manner.
If desired the emblem indicating the denomination of the card may be
placed at the top, bottom. or side Morcover in place of a single pip the
emblem may consist of a miniature card, say, half an inch long, and
having the proper number of pips thereon; or a number of pips corrc-
sponding to the value of the card-may-be-arranged in the side-margin.
Cards provided in this manner with miniaturo emblems need not be
displayed or spread out in the hands of the player in the ordinary
manner, but may be held in such a manner that no one but the player
himself can see what the cards are.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATING OR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF DRESS AND OTHER ARTICLES IN IMITATION OF INDIA EMBROIDERY OR NEEDLEWORK
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Emmott Cadman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th July 1875.
I, WILLIAM EMMOTT CADMAN, of Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATING OR ORNAMENTING ARTICLES OF DRESS AND OTHER
ARTICLES IN IMITATION OF INDIA EMBROIDERY OR NEEDLEWORK," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to produce by printing in oil
colours, silver or gold on leather cloth, or any other suitable material,
such as Morocco, leather or baize cloth, imitations of what is known as
India needlework or embroidery For this purpose I take leather cloth
of the desired width, and I print thereon in oil or varnish colors any
suitable or desired design, I then attach by stitching or otherwise such
leather cloth, printed on as aforesaid, to a material such as felt, Melton
cloth, flannel, or any other suitable fabric. When for example manu-
facturing petticoats according to my Invention I take a petticoat that
has been made up, and I attach a strip or several strips of the leather

page_text: cloth prepared as aforesaid to the lower part thereof. The leather cloth
may have a plain ground, or it can be varnished, or plain and embossed,
or varnished and embossed.
Leather cloth also made as aforesaid may be used without having any
pattern thereon.
For caps, slippers, and other articles, I take the material leather cloth,
print thereon as before, and make up the articles required, being lined
with any suitable material.
My Invention is particularly applicable to the following purposes:
petticoats, smoking, travelling and other caps, umbrellas, parasols, tea
cosys, mats for tea urns, tobacco pouches, splash mats, smoke mats or
boards, bags, aprons, slippers, and ladies' boots, short window curtains,
ladies' hats, cuffs, collars, bussels or dress improvers, ladies' belts,
draught boards, fire-screens, ornaments for fire-stoves, mantelpiece
covers, window blinds, plain or printed or partly printed, having a trans-
parent effect in oil colors on calico, as well as for other useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Dumont and Eugéne
Alfieri at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th February 1875.
We, ALBERT DUMONT and EUGÉNE ALFIERI, both of Castle Street,
East Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOCKETS," to be as follows:
-
This Invention consists in "improvements in the construction of
lockets, whereby certain parts thereof shall be kept closed by means
of a contrivance secreted inside the said lockets.
The means by which we propose to attain the above object are as
follows: The locket is composed of three parts which we will call
leaves, the front leaf, the middle leaf, and the back leaf, each containing
the usual recesses for likenesses or mementoes. These leaves are made of
any suitable metal and by their combination constitute a locket; each of
these leaves revolves on a pin which passes through them and is situated
in any suitable position near the periphery of the said locket. Opposite
to the said pin, and close to the periphery of the back leaf, we fix a bridge

page_text: piece, the object of which is to secure the two other leaves when the
locket is closed. Underneath the bridge piece is a small catch which
fits into a groove provided for that purpose in the middle leaf. At that
part of the middle leaf. where the pin aforesaid passes is a slot which
allows the said leaf to be moved slightly up or down so as to secure it
to or release it from the catch above mentioned.
:―
The contrivance for locking or securing the middle leaf is as follows:
The slot aforesaid is made of such a length that a small ball being
inserted therein, the middle and back leaves will be locked together.
The front leaf has on the side facing the middle leaf, and close to the pin
on which it revolves, a cell of such a size that, it will contain the small
ball aforesaid for the purpose hereafter stated.
The opening and closing of a locket constructed as above is as
follows: The front leaf which is only held in position by the bridge
piece will easily revolve on the pin, and thus the locket will be opened
to expose two portraits for example. But in order to make the middle
leaf revolve in the same manner to open the secret part of the locket, it is
necessary to turn the locket upside down, that is to say with the back leaf
upwards and move the front leaf round to the left, so as to bring the cell
under the small ball aforesaid, thereby causing the ball to drop therein;
the middle leaf can then be released from the catch under the bridge
piece and moved on one side to open this part of the locket. To close
the locket the middle leaf is pushed up to the catch and the front leaf
brought round so as to allow the small ball to fall in its place again in
the slot, thus securing it. The top leaf is closed and. the three leaves
being brought together will have the appearance of an ordinary locket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES FOR LOOMS AND MACHINES FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, FINISHING, AND PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wolstencroft at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1875.
I, EDWARD WOLSTENCROFT, of Blakeley, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES FOR LOOMS AND
MACHINES FOR STRETCHING, DRYING, FINISHING, AND PRINTING FABRICS," to
be as follows :-
My Invention consists,―
First. In the use of two conical rollers over which the selvage of the
cloth passes, and of a third conical roller covered with vulcanite, gutta
percha, perforated steel bands, or other material, which is pressed down
on to the cloth by a regulating screw or otherwise and securely holds
the selvage. Each selvage is held by a similar set of three rollers, and
the distance between the sets is varied according to the width of the
cloth by moving the boxes in which the rollers revolve on a cross bar
as usual. When my improved temples are applied to machines for

page_text: stretching, drying, finishing, and printing fabrics I make the rollers of
sufficient length to compensate for the difference in width of the
fabrics.
Secondly. In the use of two or more spiked discs, each loose on a stud
fixed in a box, the selvages are held by the spikes; and by increasing 5
the number of discs the length of selvage caught hold of is increased.
This arrangement is particularly suitable for heavy cloths.
Thirdly. In the use of two or more rollers with annular grooves,
between which the selvages of the cloth are secured; these grooves are
rounded at the edges to prevent injury to the cloth; in some cases it is 1
desirable to apply one or more rows of spikes on one or more of the
rollers.
Fourthly. Covering the rollers of roller temples with perforated steel
bands, whereby the requisite adhesion is obtained without injuring the
finest silk or other fabrics woven.
1
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Budge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1875. A communication from abroad by Francis Miralles, of Chili,
South America.
I, ROBERT BUDGE, of Valparaiso, in the Republic of Chili, South
America, at present residing at Harley Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Francis Miralles, of Chili, afore-
said), to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to raise water or other liquids by
forming a vacuum, not by means of exhausting the air as is done at
present, but by first expelling it by means of steam, which on condensing
leaves the vacuum.
In carrying the Invention into effect a vessel of any convenient shape
or size is used, in which the vacuum is to be formed. Into this vessel a
tube leading from the well or other place from which the liquid is to be
raised leads, and a pipe leads steam into the vessel. The vessel is first

page_text: filled with steam, the supply of which is then cut off; this steam rapidly
condenses within the vessel, in which a vacuum is now formed; the
liquid rushes up through the entry tube to supply this vacuum, and the
vessel thus becomes filled with liquid. The liquid is then led away from
the vessel, which fills with steam as the water leaves it; the steam again
condensing forms the vacuum, which is supplied by the water as before,
and so on continually.
An automatic arrangement is provided, by means of which the entry
of the steam and water and the escape of the latter are regulated.
This arrangement consist of valves, check valves, levers, and weighted
lovors.
In order to render the raising of the liquid continuous two of thesc
apparatus may be arranged so as to work alternately, the one being filled
with water while the other is discharging it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1875

page_text: '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chancellor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1875.
I, HENRY CHANCELLOR, of 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES," to be as follows:-
:-
Instead of constructing, fitting, and working steam slide valves in
any of the modes or methods heretofore in use I form, arrange, and
dispose slide valves, say for locomotive engines and in other cases where
the slide valves are arranged and disposed between the cylinders in the
following manner :-On the back of each slide is formed (instead of on
the front) the flange or working surface between the valves, whilst the
face of each slide working against the steam ports of the cylinders is
surfaced up and fitted in the ordinary way. The back of each slide
(working back to back) has a dovetail or other form of guiding piece
thereon working into a corresponding dovetail or other form of groove
formed on the opposite valve back. The proportioning of the faces, as
also of the valve passages, being in each case adjusted to the work that

page_text: effected by a surrounding frame or strap having the valve rod at each
end passing therefrom through a gland at each end of the steam chest in
-the-ordinary-way-
In horizontal cylinders, such as in locomotive engines, where the
cylinder ports are face to face, I prefer to make my valves as described,
and broader at the lower sides or tapering upward, and in like manner form
the valve chest correspondingly to receive them, and I fit the valve chest
(common to both) suitably to enable the adjustment and regulation of the
valves to be effected independently from the exterior. The port in each
valve should be longer than the ports in the cylinder face, and provision
be made for the reduction of the friction of the moving valves by the
introduction of a central bearing strip or surface upon which the lower
ends of both flanches would be borne and travel, and in like manner the
top of the valve chest may have a similar arrangement for adjustment
and for receiving the upward pressure due to the increased under side
area of the slides. A friction roller or rollers of suitable width and
suitably disposed may be substituted for the central bearing strip or
adjusting pieces. The surrounding frames or straps within which the
slide valves are contained, and by which their respective movements (or
travel) are communicated to them, are of somewhat greater height than
the depth of the body of the slide valve between the back flange and
the valve face to allow of wear or adjustment, and where the slide.chest
is taper and the cylinder faces are inclined towards each other these
-frames-or-straps should lie parallel with the cylinder faces or with the
ports of the cylinders respectively, and so be inclined at an angle towards
4
י.
chathan as hafown stated
•