IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS AND FLAGS OR SLABS THEREFOR"
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS AND FLAGS OR SLABS
THEREFOR" to be as follows:―
This invention relates to pavements for streets and other places, and to flags or
slabs therefor.
The said invention comprises a pavement consisting essentially of a species
of macadam, wherein the sand or gravel, which in the ordinary macadam binds
together the broken fragments of stone, is replaced by asphalt.
My invention is as advantageously applicable to roads provided with stone-
ballasting or metalling (in which case it replaces the ordinary macadam and is
carried into practice directly on the spot) as to pavements made of flags or slabs.
In the latter case, flags or slabs made according to the said invention, are placed
upon the foundation of the embankment of a road in a manner precisely similar to
that adopted with pavements of sandstone, granite, and other natural stones.
To make the pavement on the spot, the foundation of the way which it is to.
occupy is prepared. This foundation, which may consist of earth well compacted,
or of ordinary macadam, is made up to a level 10 or 12 millimeters below that
which the top of the pavement is to reach when finished. Upon the foundation
are placed broken fragments of very hard stone having the form of irregular
parallelopipeds with sides of from '04 to 06 millimeter. Over each layer of broken
stones is run natural asphalt mixed with very pure bitumen, in the proportion of
from 400 to 500 kilogrammes for each cubic meter of stones. The asphalt should
be previously heated to more than two hundred degrees (200°) so that it will be
rendered perfectly fluid and can penetrate into the interstices between the stones
until it comes in contact with the foundation. When the asphalt has been thus
applied, the road is rolled with a very heavy roller until it has a homogeneous,
regular, and very solid, surface.
If a street or road is to be paved with flags or slabs placed upon the foundation,
the said flags or slabs are manufactured beforehand. This manufacture is effected
40

page_text: by means of iron moulds in which is placed a layer of broken fragments of stone
of suitable dimensions; these fragments are so arranged that one plane surface of
each piece will bear against the bottom of the mould. Liquid asphalt is poured
upon this first layer in sufficient quantity to fill the interstices between the
fragments of stone; then another layer of stones is placed in the mould and a
fresh quantity of asphalt is run over the said layer, until the proper proportions
are attained and the mould is filled. Blows are then struck with a mallet upon
the surface of the material in the mould until the same will not yield to the action
of the mallet, after which the flag or slab thus formed is subjected to lateral
horizontal pressure by closing in the sides of the mould by means of a wedge or
other suitable appliance. In this manner a very compact flag or slab is obtained.
The laying of these flags or slabs is effected in such a manner that their surfaces
which were in contact with the bottom of the mould, during their manufacture,
are uppermost and exposed. The pavement consequently has a smooth surface
formed of irregular fragments of stone cemented by the asphalt and resembling
mosaic work. The flags or slabs are placed upon a foundation formed of ordinary
macadam or well compacted earth, after having placed thereon a layer of sand or
gravel about 2 centimeters thick. The joints between adjacent paving flags are
then filled with asphalt.
[.
The thickness of the paving, whether made of macadam and asphalt or in the
form of paving flags, may vary from say 10 to 15 centimeters.
2
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & C° Patent Ágents;
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to paving for streets and other places and to flags or slabs
therefor; which paving consists essentially of a species of "Macadam," wherein the
sand or gravel, which in the ordinary macadamized roads binds together the broken
fragments of stone, is replaced by asphalt.
My improved paving is as advantageously applicable to roads provided with
stone-ballasting or metalling (in which case it replaces the ordinary Macadam and
is manufactured at the place where it is required for use) as to pavements made
of flags or slabs. In the latter case, flags or slabs made according to the said
invention, are placed upon the foundation of a road in a manner precisely similar
to that adopted with pavements of sandstone, granite, and other natural stones.
To make the pavement where it is required for use, the foundation of the way
which it is to occupy is prepared. This foundation, which may consist of earth
well compacted, or of ordinary macadam, is made up to a level of 10 or 12 centi-
metres below that which the top of the pavement is to reach when finished. Upon
this foundation are placed broken fragments of. very hard stone having the form of
irregular parallelopipeds with sides of from 04 to 06 of a millimeter in length.
Over each layer of broken stones is run natural asphalt mixed with very pure
bitumen, in the proportion of from 400 to 500 kilogrammes for each cubic meter
of stones.
The asphalt should be previously heated to more than two hundred degrees
(200°) Centigrade, so that it will be rendered perfectly fluid and can penetrate into
the interstices between the stones until it comes in contact with the foundation.
When the asphalt has been thus applied, the road is rolled with a very heavy
roller until it has a homogeneous, regular and very solid surface.
If a street or road is to be paved with flags or slabs placed upon the foundation,
the said flags or slabs are manufactured beforehand. This mauufacture is effected
by means of iron moulds, in each of which is placed a layer of broken fragments of
stone of suitable dimensions; these fragments are so arranged that one plane
surface of each piece will bear against the bottom of the mould. Liquid asphalt is
poured upon this first layer in sufficient quantity to fill the interstices between the
fragments of stone; then another layer of stones is placed in the mould and a
fresh quantity of asphalt is run over the said layer, until the proper proportions
are attained and the mould is filled.
The surface of the material in the mould is then struck with a mallet until the
same will not yield to the action of the mallet, after which the flag or slab thus
formed is subjected to lateral horizontal pressure by closing in the sides of the
mould by means of a wedge or other suitable appliance. In this manner a very
compact flag or slab is obtained.

page_text: The laying of these flags or slabs is effected in such a manner that their surfaces
which were in contact with the bottom of the mould, during their manufacture, are
uppermost and exposed. The pavement consequently has a smooth surface formed
of irregular fragments of stone cemented by the asphalt and resembling mosaic
work. The flags or slabs are placed upon a foundation formed of ordinary macadam
or well compacted earth, after having placed thereon a layer of sand or gravel about
two centimetres thick. The joints between adjacent paving flags are then filled
with asphalt.
The thickness of the paving, whether made of macadam and asphalt or in the
form of paving flags, may vary from say 10 to 15 centimetres.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents I declare that what I claim is,
First. A pavement composed of fragments of hard stone laid upon a suitable
foundation and united by means of asphalt containing bitumen, substantially in
the manner described.
Second. Paving flags or slabs consisting of one or more layers of broken
fragments of stone and asphalt, the said flags or slabs being made in a mould and
then beaten and compressed, substantially as described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.