IMPROVE- MENTS IN CRAVATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE THROAT AND CHEST, AND IN THE FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME, WHICH FASTENINGS ARE APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER PARTS OF DRESS
Year: 1861

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CRAVATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE THROAT AND CHEST, AND IN THE
FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME, WHICH FASTENINGS ARE APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS
OTHER PARTS OF DRESS."-A communication from abroad by Monsieur
Simon Hayen, senior, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 30th August 1861, and dated the 8th March-1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1861.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAVATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE THROAT AND CHEST, AND IN
THE FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME, WHICH FASTENINGS ARE APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS
OTHER PARTS OF DRESS," a communication from abroad by Monsieur Simon
Hayen, senior, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar form of cravat or scarf, and to a
peculiar fastening for the same, which fastening is also applicable to the

page_text: securing of shirt collars, cuffs, ladies sleeves, chimisettes, waist belts or bands,
and other articles of dress capable of being so fastened.
The improved cravat or scarf consists of a neck piece or plain band, to
which are sewed the two ends of the scarf in such a manner as to fit partially
over the shoulders, and consequently be well retained in their places by the
waistcoat.
The improved fastening presents the outward appearance of two buttons
placed side by side, the one being provided with a hook, spring, clasp, or other
appliance for uniting it to the counterpart button; which is of course provided
with a corresponding appliance to receive the fastening of the first button.
These buttons are individually attached to the two sides of the scarf or
article to be fastened or joined, either by means of a stud formed on the
back of each button, which fits into a button hole made for that purpose
in the article of dress, or they may be secured to the article by means of
sharp hooked claws in lieu of studs, in which latter case button holes
may be dispensed with as the buttons may be hooked on to any desired part
of the article of dress. These buttons are ornamented to suit different
tastes and may be made in metal, or any other suitable material..
*SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom

page_text: of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAVATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE THROAT AND
CHEST, AND IN THE FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME, WHICH FASTENINGS ARE APPLICABLE
TO VARIOUS OTHER PARTS OF DRESS," a communication from abroad by Monsieur
Simon Hayen, senior, of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or
under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to certain peculiar forms of cravats or scarfs,
and to a peculiar fastening for the same, which fastening is also applicable
to the securing of shirt collars, cuffs, ladies' sleeves, chimisettes, waist belts
or bands, shawls, and other articles of dress capable of being so fastened.
The improved cravat or scarf consists of a neck piece or plain band to
which are sewed the two ends of the scarf in such a manner as to fit partially
over the shoulders, and consequently be well retained in their places by the
waistcoat.
The improved fastening, according to one modification, presents the outward
appearance of two buttons placed side by side, the one being provided with
a hook, spring, clasp, or other appliance for uniting it to the counterpart
button, which is of course provided with a corresponding appliance to receive
the fastening of the first button. These buttons are individually attached to
the two sides of the scarf or article to be fastened or joined, either by means
of a stud formed on the back of each button, which fits into a button hole
made for that purpose in the article of dress, or they may be secured to the
article by means of sharp hooked claws in lieu of studs, in which latter case
button holes may be dispensed with, as the buttons may be hooked on to
any desired part of the article of dress. These buttons are ornamented
to suit different tastes and may be made in metal or any other suitable
material.

page_text: I
And in order that, the. said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more, particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet.of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference. indicating corresponding parts. throughout all
the Figures.
Figure 1 represents a cravat composed of two parts A and B, the two ends
of which are united, and fastened by the improved double. button fastening.C;
Figure 2. is another form of cravat made in two parts and united by means
of the double.button fastening as before, but this cravat is further. provided
with shoulder pieces D, D, for the purpose of maintaining it in its proper
position; Figure 3 shews the application of the. improved double button
fastening to an ordinary neck tie; Figure 4 is a cravat made in two parts
A. and B, shewn open or unfastened, and Figure 5 is the same cravat with
the improved fastening applied thereto, the improved fastening is in general
provided with two pairs of claws e, e, having their points in opposite directions.
as shewn in the several views, Figures 6, 7, and 8, which represent re-
spectively a front, back, and side elevation of one form of the fastening C.
The double, buttons may each have a single claw, in place of two claws if
preferred, such claws being made to point either upwards, downwards,
horizontally,, or at an angle.
Figure 9. shews a fastening wherein single claws are used with their points
directed downwards. The two buttons may be joined together if desired,
either by a hinge as shewn in Figures 6, 7, and 8, or by a chain or other
suitable appliance as shewn in Figure 8b, or the two buttons may be detached
from each other as shewn in Figures 10 and 11, and joined by any convenient
fastening when applied to the cravat, or in lieu of two buttons a single
button may be used divided down the middle as in Figures 12, 13 and 14,
each half being provided, with one or more claws, or the single button may
be, made in one. piece without any division as in Figure 15, in which latter
case, one of, the claws or pairs. of claws is fitted to a sliding bar acted upon
by a piece of elastic or other convenient form of spring as shewn in the Drawing.
. Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or. may be used or carried
into, effect,. I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim, as the. Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction and arrangement. of cravats . wherein no
tieing is required as herein-before described.

page_text: Second, the application and use of the peculiar fastenings for the purpose
of uniting the ends of cravats and other articles of dress as herein-before
described.
Third, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of fastenings consisting
of a single or a double button provided with claws or with studs which are
inserted into the article of dress to which they are to be applied as herein-
before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)