Improvements in or relating to Carbons for Electric Welding, Brazing, and the like purposes:
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 4th June, 1898
Improvements in or relating to Carbons for Electric Welding,
Brazing, and the like purposes:
I, GEORGE WILLIAM DE TUNZELMANN, Penywern Road, Earls Court, London,
S.W. Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to carbons for electric
welding, brazing and the like purposes, the object being to prepare the carbons or
electrodes so as to keep the are as free as possible from free carbon and also to
provide an arc having a more diffused surface for heating. It has been found that
the presence of free carbon in an arc used for welding or brazing purposes is
objectionable. For instance when welding or brazing iron or steel the free carbon
may enter into chemical combination with the parts under treatment or may inter-
mix therewith and this chemical combination or admixture of carbon with the
iron or steel alters the character of the metal or metals under treatment.
Again when using an arc it is very essential that the heat should be as much
as possible equally diffused through the arc so as to avoid the concentration of heat
in a small space. I have found that by incorporating a metallic oxide with the
carbons I can obtain an arc in which the heat is more equally diffused owing to the
presence of metallic vapour in the arc, and at the same time the presence of free
oxigen tends to unite with the excess of free carbon in the arc.
I have also found that carbons with which a metallic oxide is incorporated enable
me to obtain an arc of greater size than that which is obtained from ordinary
carbons, owing to the greater conductivity produced by the presence of the metallio
vapour.
It will be readily seen that in welding or brazing it is very essential to obtain an
are in which the heating qualities are equally diffused so as to obviate the con-
centration of heat in a small space thus rendering the arc much more effective when
brazing or welding.
I have found it convenient in making the carbons to incorporate with them a
mixture of metallic oxide such as iron, but of course it will be readily seen that
there are other oxides which may be used with advantage according to the substance.
under treatment. For instance, in some cases I find it convenient to employ oxide
of copper.
Another important feature of my invention lies in the fact that I can introduce
various metallic vapours into an arc for use when welding metals if required.
Any convenient form of machinery may be employed for the manufacture of the
carbons, as the essential feature of my invention is the incorporation with the
carbons of a metallic oxide or oxides for the objects before mentioned.
1000

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Carbons for Electric Welding,
Brazing and the like purposes.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM DE TUNZELMANN, 2 & 4; Penywern Road, Earls Court,
London, S. W., Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to carbons for electric
welding, brazing and the like purposes, the object being to prepare the carbons or
electrodes so as to keep the arc as free as possible from free carbon, and also to
provide an arc having a more diffused surface for heating.
It has been found that the presence of free carbon in an are used for welding
or brazing purposes is objectionable. For instance, when welding or brazing iron
or-steel the free carbon may enter into chemical combination with the parts under
treatment or may intermix therewith, and this chemical combination with or
admixture of carbon with the iron or steel alters the character of the metal or
metals under treatment. Again, when using an are it is very essential that the
heat should be as much as possible equally diffused through the arc so as to avoid
the concentration of heat in a small space. I have found that by incorporating a
metallic oxide with the carbons I can obtain an arc in which the heat is more
equally diffused owing to the presence of metallic vapour in the arc, and at the same
time provided the oxide is one which is reducible by carbon at a high temperature,
the oxygen set free tends to unite with the excess of free carbon in the arc. I have
also found that carbons with which a metallic oxide is incorporated enable me to
obtain an arc of greater size than that which is obtained from ordinary carbons.
owing to the greater conductivity produced by the presence of the metallic vapour.
It will be readily seen that in welding or brazing it is very essential to obtain an
arc in which the heating qualities are equally diffused so as to obviate the con-
centration of heat, in a small space thus rendering the arc much more effective
when brazing or welding.
1
I have found it convenient in making the carbons to incorporate with them a
mixture of metallic oxide such as iron but of course it will be readily seen that
there are other oxides which may be used with advantage according to the
substance under treatment. For instance, in some cases I may find it convenient
to employ oxides of copper, of lead, or of manganese.
Another important feature of my invention lies in the fact that I can introduce
various metallic vapours into an arc for use when welding metals, if required.
Any convenient form of machinery may be employed for the manufacture of the
carbons, as the essential feature of my invention is the incorporation with the
carbons of a metallic oxide or oxides for the objects before mentioned.
The proportions of the ingredients I prefer to employ are as follows:-
Oxide of iron
•Carbon -
7 per cent.
93 per cent.
:-
The ingredients are mixed together and then, moulded by any well-known form of
machinery and process.
Oxide of iron
Carbon
-
-
7 per cent.
-
93 per cent.
The ingredients are mixed together and then, moulded by any well-known form of
machinery and process.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is:--
1. In carbons or electrodes for electric welding. brazing, and the lika nusnoses a

page_text: the incorporation or admixture therewith of a metallic oxide or oxides for the
purpose of reducing the excess of free carbon in the arc, and also producing an
arc in which the heat is more equally diffused owing to the presence of metallic
vapour therein.