IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM ROBERT PARK, of Taunton, in the County of Bristol and State of
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention relating to an injector, or apparatus for raising and forcing fluids.
by the action of a jet of steam or vapor, is embodied in an apparatus containing a
nozzle for the admission of the actuating steam or vapor, a combining tube and
delivery tube arranged axially in line therewith, a space being left between the
nozzle and the mouth of the combining tube communicating with the water or fluid
supply pipe.
The combining tube converges in the direction of the flow of the liquid through
it and terminates in a short cylindrical passage at the end of which the delivery
tube begins, the bore of which is conical with its smallest diameter coincident with
the end of the cylindrical passage.
The Invention consists in the combination with the said nozzle and combining
and delivery tubes, of a movable controlling spindle passing longitudinally
therethrough and provided with enlargements cylindrical and conical by which
the effective relative area of the nozzle for the admission of the actuating steam or
vapour, and the throat in the cylindrical passage between the combining and
delivery tubes may be governed, whereby the instrument may be first made a
lifting jet apparatus which shall cause water to rise from a well or other source of
supply and pass through the combining and delivery tubes in the same quantity per
unit of time as required by the instrument when operating as a forcing apparatus,
and the instrument then by the manipulation of the said spindle be converted into a
forcing apparatus, and by the further manipulation of the spindle be adjusted to
deliver water in such quantity as may be desired.
The Invention further consists in the combination with said steam nozzle,
combining tube and delivery tube and controlling spindle, of an overflow cock
located in a branch from the pipe leading to the boiler between the discharge end of
the delivery tube and the usual check valve in said pipe; in supporting the said
spindle in guides near the ends of the injector, whereby lateral motion of the
spindle is prevented; and further, in constructing the spindle in two parts and
fastening them together within the instrument,

page_text: In this Specification steam will be considered as the actuating vapor, and water
as the fluid to be raised and forced, though it is obvious that any vapour which
will be condensed by contact with the fluid raised or forced can be used in the
place of steam, and any fluid which will condense the actuating vapor, can be
raised and forced thereby in this apparatus.
For convenience of description, also, the apparatus will be considered as placed
upright, with the steam nozzle at the top, so that the flow of steam and water
through the combining and delivery tubes shall be downward.
Injectors, which are adapted to raise water from any considerable depth as
hitherto constructed have had either a separate lifting jet apparatus, or ejector,
the action of which is discontinued after the forcing jet, or injector proper, is at
work; or a separate lifting jet apparatus communicating with and constantly
supplying water to a forcing apparatus, or a lifting jet apparatus which after the
water has been raised and set running through the combining and delivery tubes
to the atmosphere or waste is convertible into a forcing apparatus or injector
proper.
My Invention is an improvement in the last named class of instruments, and its
object is to provide in a single injector, a lifting apparatus which will raise water
from as great a depth as can be done by any ejector and deliver it in sufficient
quantity, and which can be easily converted into a forcing apparatus, and further
to provide means for adjusting such forcing apparatus when in operation, so that it
may act with steam of any desired pressure, and may be made to deliver a small or
large quantity of water at the will of the operator without impairing the certainty
or efficiency of action of the apparatus.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal section of an injector embodying my Invention,.
showing the apparatus arranged to raise water from a well or other source of
supply.
Figure 2, a cross section thereof on the dotted line X-X, Figure 1.
Figure 3, a longitudinal section thereof, with the controlling spindle raised,
showing the apparatus arranged to continue the flow of water from the well and to
force it against a pressure greater than the initial pressure of the actuating steam.
Figure 4, is a longitudinal section thereof with the controlling spindle raised to
its highest point, the instrument then delivering its minimum quantity of water
for any given steam pressure.
The injector comprises the water chamber a, having an inlet 2, connected with
the well or water supply, and also having inlet and outlet openings 3 and 4, the
former containing the steam nozzle b held in place between the shoulder 9, in the
piece a and the end of the stean inlet chamber c which is screwed into the piece a
as shown and provided with an inlet passage 6, connected with the source of the
steam.
The outlet opening 4, of the water chamber a has screwed into it a tube & within
which is formed the tapering passage d' and cylindrical passage d' (together
forming the combining tube) and the delivery tube d³.
The tube d is inserted through the opening 3, of the said chamber a, before the
parts b, c, are connected therewith.
The casing of the water chamber a has below the outlet 4, an internally threaded
portion 5, into which a pipe 10, is screwed.
This pipe 10 surrounds the discharge end of the delivery tube d³ and is designed
to be connected to the boiler.
In a branch of this pipe below the injector is placed a cock or overflow valve z
to afford a temporary outlet to the atmosphere, and beyond the branch is the usual
check valve.
The steam nozzle b, is arranged axially with the combining tube d¹, d², and
terminated at or near the mouth or inlet end thereof.
The annular space between the steam nozzle b and the internal bore of the mouth
of the combining tube d! forms a passage of constant area through which water
passes from the chamber a, into the combining tube d¹, d².

page_text: The steam nozzle b is provided with a tapering seat b₁, v¹, decreasing in diameter
in the direction from the steam chamber c toward the water chamber a, and the
bore of the said nozzle increases in diameter from the said seat first with an
abrupt taper for a short distance v¹, t¹, and then with a less taper to the exit end
of the nozzle.
The upper portion of the combining tube tube d¹ decreases in diameter from its
mouth (which is at or near the exit end of the steam nozzle) and terminates in the
cylindrical passage d'.
The delivery tube d³ then begins, increases in diameter with a uniform taper, and
continues to its exit end as a cylindrical tube.
o
The passage of steam from the inlet passage 6, and chamber c, through the steam
nozzle b is first governed by the plug e, tapering reversely to the seat b' and formed
at the lower end of a cylindrical enlargement f upon a controlling spindle g, g',
which passes axially through the steam nozzle, the combining tube and its
cylindrical passage d², and delivery tube, and is guided by the guides h, h¹, the
former fixed in chamber c, and the latter in a sleeve i, surrounding the discharge
end of the tube d and screwed upon the threaded exterior thereof.
The portion of the controlling spindle is screw threaded to engage the interior
thread of a nut / which is screwed into the end of the steam chainber c.
A handle is attached to the stem m, of the spindle by rotating which the
spindle is caused to move longitudinally in the apparatus.
The nut is provided with a stuffing box for packing the stem m.
When the controlling spindle is in its lowest position, the plug e is seated on its
seat 6 and the flow of the steam into the steam nozzle is prevented.
Below the plug e, the controlling spindle is cylindrical for a short distance
designated by o, and is of a diameter slightly less than that of the smallest diameter
of the inlet end of the steam nozzle at v¹.
The length of the cylindrical portion is such that the steam jet shall remain
determined by the area between o, and v', until the plug e shall have been removed
by the upward motion of the spindle far enough from its seat b' to admit all the
steam required for the maximuin capacity of the steam nozzle.
Below the cylinder o, the controlling spindle continues for a distance about
equal to the length of the cylindrical passage d², as a cylinder p, but of less diameter
than at o.
At vit expands conically to a line at t which has a diameter sufficiently less than
the diameter of the steam nozzle at t to cause when the controlling spindle is
raised until t is in the same plane with t' as shown in Figure 3, that the area of
the annular steam jet thus formed shall be the maximum area desired.
The length of the conical portion v, t, is equal to that of the portion v', t¹, of
the steam nozzle, but the taper of v, t, is slightly greater than that of v¹, t¹.
The controlling spindle is necked in or slightly reduced in diameter below the base
of the conical portion v, t, and then gradually expands to a cylinder of the saine
diameter as at t, and continues for a distance a little more than the length of the
combining tube to q, when it again expands forming a cone r of about the same
taper as the delivery tube d³, and of the same length as that tube.
The spindle then continues as a cylinder s for a distance equal to the length of
the cylindrical portion of the delivery tube d³, and terminates in a cylinder
which is supported in the guide h¹ before described.
As the enlargements f and s, on the controlling spindle are both of greater
diameter then the opening in. the steam nozzle at v¹, the said spindle cannot be
inserted from either end, and it is therefore made in two parts, the part q and all
above it being inserted through the chamber c, and the part r, s, through the
discharge end of the delivery tube d³, after which the two pieces are firmly connected
together as by the screw thread at S.
The mode of operation of the injector is as follows:-
The controlling spindle being in its lowest position so that the plug e is upon its
seat the operator first onens the overflow cook in the branch of the nine 70

page_text: and turns the handle n, thereby removing the plug e, from its seat, and permitting
steam to flow through the steam nozzle.
The spindle will then be in the position shown in Figure 1.
In this position the effective area of the orifice in the steam nozzle is determined
by the relative diameter of the cylindrical portion o, of the controlling spindle, and
that of the steam nozzle at v¹.
The annular orifice thus formed between o and v should have an area sufficiently
less than the area of the throat formed at d³ between the tapering portion of the
spindle at and the exit end of the combining tube.to constitute an effective lifting
or ejector apparatus.
The steam from the chamber c issuing through the orifice at v¹ expands as it
passes to the exit end of the steam nozzle b, and then enters the combining
tube d', d, continues through it, and the delivery tube d³, into the pipe 10 and out
at the overflow cock zand rapidly exhausts the air from the water chamber and the
water supply pipe so that water rises from the well into the said water chamber
and is caused to flow through the combining tube d', d², the delivery tube d³, the
pipe 10 and out at the overflow cock.
The operation of the instrument as a lifting apparatus will continue until the
entire cylindrical portion o of the controlling spindle is withdrawn from the plane v¹
of the smallest diameter of the steam nozzle.
When the flow of water in a solid stream at the overflow cock is established,
the operator continues to turn the handle n. The effective area of the steam nozzle
remains constant so long as the cylindrical portion o is in the plane of v¹ but the
area of the throat at ³ is gradually diminished as the spindle rises, and consequently
the velocity of the discharged water is increased.
The spindle being raised further, the portion o of the controlling spindle passes
above the plane of v¹ and the smaller cylindrical portion p of the spindle comes
abreast ¹, and the effective area of the steam nozzle is gradually increased to its
maximum. At the same time the tapering portion of the spindle has been
drawn into the cylindrical passage d and the area of the throat at d³, has been
gradually diminished.
The increased quantity of steam now issuing through the steam nozzle accelerates
still more the velocity of the water discharged through the overflow.
The effective area of the steam nozzle being now determined by the orifice formed
between v² and p will remain constant, and at its maximum, until the line v on the
controlling spindle coincides with the plane of ' at which point the tapering
portion of the spindle will have so contracted the throat at d that it will be of
sufficiently less area than the area of the steam nozzle at v, v¹, that the instrument
will constitute an effective forcing appparatus, or injector proper.
If now the overflow cock be closed the discharged water will open the check
valve in the continuation of the pipe 10, and enter the boiler in a continuous stream.
At this point, i.e. when the line v, on the controlling spindle is in the same plane
with v' as shown in Figure 3, the relative areas of the orifice at v, vl, and that of
the throat at d³ are such that the instrument will perform its maximum duty as an
injector i.e. it will deliver its maximum quantity of water to the boiler.
The operator will now by still further raising the spindle diminish the effective
area of the steam nozzle and at the same time proportionately diminish the area of
the throat at d until when the line on the controlling spindle comes into the
plane of as shown in Figure 4, the smallest effective area of the steam nozzle
is attained and likewise the smallest area of the throat at d³.
The instrument will then perform its smallest duty i.e. it will deliver its
minimum quantity of water to the boiler.
This position of the instrument is shown in Figure 4.
Between the extreme positions shown in Figure 3, and in Figure 4, the operator
can place the controlling spindle in different position so that the instrument shall
deliver just the quantity of water desired.
In all the positions between that which gives it its minimum capacity and that

page_text: which gives it its maximum the relative effective area of the steam nozzle and of
the throat at d³ remains constant, so that the single instrument may be made at
will an instrument of small or large capacity and at that without impairing its
efficiency or economy of action.
In the working of the instrument the successive positions of the controlling
spindle follow one another so quickly that the rise of the spindle shall be practically
uninterrupted.
By the time the cylindrical portion o, of the spindle has been drawn above the
plane v¹, the water will have risen from the well and will be discharging through
the overflow cock in a solid stream. The further turning of the handle n will
accelerate the flow of the discharged water, and when it has attained sufficient
velocity to enable it to enter the boiler, the operator will close the overflow cock,
and then can continue to turn the handle n until the controlling spindle is brought
to a point at which the instrument shall deliver the desired quantity of water.
The positions of the spindle proper to secure any desired adjustment may be
indicated by marks upon the spindle and a pointer attached to the case to register
therewith, or by any other convenient means.
It will be observed that this instrument when operating as a lifting apparatus,
affords a throat at d³ of much greater area than the throat at the same point, when
the tapering portion of the spindle is drawn into the cylindrical passage d³, of the
combining tube.
In single injectors as usually constructed, the lifting jet is compelled to act
through the same area of throat at the exit end of the combining tube as is used
when the forcing jet is in action.
The raising of the water by the action of the lifting jet is consequently
performed much more slowly than in my injector, in which the area of the throat
into which the lifting jet issues is large enough to permit the passage of the water
at the same quantity per unit of time that it will be driven through by the forcing
jet when performing its maximum duty.
0
The location of the overflow cock in the branch 10 beyond the discharge end of
the delivery tube, permits the combining and delivery tubes to be made continuous,
so that there is no danger of breaking the jet near the throat d' as would be the
case were the overflow passage formed at that point.
The support afforded by the guides h, h' to the controlling spindle is of great
advantage in insuring the constant working of the instrument, for unless the
spindle be held rigidly against any lateral motion the annular current surrounding
the spindle will be so disturbed by any jar received by the instrument as to stop
its action.
The configuration of the interior surfaces of the steam nozzle, combining and
delivery tubes may be changed from the specific forms herein described, provided
proper relative changes on the contour of the controlling spindle are made.
I am aware that a spindle has been heretofore used in injectors, passing through
the steam nozzle, combining tube and into the mouth of the delivery tube, but such
spindle is designed to be withdrawn from the mouth of the delivery tube when the
instrument is in operation as an injector.
In this class of instruments, furthermore, the overflow escape is located between
the combining and delivery tubes instead of beyond the delivery tube, as in my
apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In an injector, the combination with a steam nozzle, combining tube and
delivery tube of a controlling spindle movable longitudinally within such nozzle
and tubes and having a contour relative to the interior surfaces of such nozzle and
tubes as described, whereby when the spindle is moved the area of the throat at
the junction of the combining and delivery tubes is decreased in proportion as the

page_text: area for the inlet of steam at the nozzle is increased and vice versa substantially as
and for the purpose described.
2. In an injector, the combination with a steam nozzle, combining tube and
delivery tube, and a controlling spindle movable longitudinally within such nozzle
and tubes, of an overflow cock located between the discharge end of the delivery
tube and the check valve in the pipe leading to the boiler, substantially as
described.
3. In an injector, the combination with a steam nozzle, combining tube and
delivery tubes, of a controlling spindle movable longitudinally within such nozzle
and tubes and a guide h¹ therefor, located at or near the lower end of the said
spindle whereby the latter is maintained in accurate concentric position within the
injector, substantially as described.
4. In an injector the combination with a steam nozzle, combining tube and
delivery tube of a controlling spindle, of larger diameter near its ends than
between the said ends, made in two portions and fastened together within the
injector, substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. In an injector in combination with the steam nozzle having an expanding
bore v², t¹, a combining tube and the delivery tube ds, the controlling spindle
movable within said nozzle and tube having the tapering enlargements v, t, and r,
whereby the spindle may be adjusted to increase or decrease the quantity of water
forced, substantially as shown and described.
onl JCAL 7001