Improvements in the Manufacture of Spades, Shovels, and other Tools, which have each a Handle Socket or Langets Formed in the same Piece of Metal as the Blade.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan.. 1897-Accepted, 27th Feb.. 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Spades, Shovels, and other
Tools, which have each a Handle Socket or Langets Formed in
the same Piece of Metal as the Blade.
We, ARTHUR PERKS and JOHN PERKS, both of the Firm of John Perks and
Sons, of Monmore Green Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
Edge Tool Manufacturers, and WILLIAM CHARLES SALMON, of the same
address, Engineer in the employment of the said firm, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to cheapen the manufacture of spades, shovels,
and other tools which have each a handle socket or langets formed in the same
piece of metal as the blade (that is to say, without being welded thereto), by
considerably reducing the extent of the heating and labour required in such
manufacture compared with what is required in the ordinary method of mann-
facturing such tools.
According to this invention, a portion is cut off from a bar of amitable section,
of a length sufficient to provide metal for the formation of one or any desired
number of blades of the required tools ench with its socket or laugets for the.
handle connection therewith. The metal is heated, and a recess to form the division
between the front and back of the socket or between the langets, and to extend also,
if desired, into the metal of the blade, is punched into one of the longer edges of the
metal for each tool it is intended to form therefrom. If a single tool only is to be
made therefrom, one recess only is of course punched into the edge of the metal;
if two or more tools are to be made therefrom each recess may be punched into the
same edge of the metal, or the recesses.may be punched alternately in opposite edges
of the metal, in either of which cases the metal is of a section to adapt it to be
shaped to form only a single blade, with its socket er langets, depthways, but any
required number widthways. If an even number of tools are to be formed from
the length of bar cut off, recesses may be punched opposite to one another in both
edges of the metal, and in such caso the metal is of a section to adapt it to be
shaped to form two blades, with their socket or langete, depthways, and any desired
number widthways. The length of bar, with the recess or recusses punched in one
or both edges thereof, is then rolled to flatten down the sides of the recess or recesses
and to reduce it to the thickness required, and the blade or blades with the portions
to form the sockets, or with the langete, are cut therefrom by shearing. The
partially formed tools thus produced are then completed in the ordinary or any
convenient manner.
It will be found convenient to roll the length of bar endways first, and
subsequently to roll the metal in a direction at right angles thereto, as by
adopting this method the metal may be originally thicker than would other-
wise be the case, rendering it more convenient in punching. The endway rolling
elongates the division or divisions formed by punching, aud flattene down the sides
thereof, and extends the metal to the required length; and the subsequent rolling
in a direction at right angles thereto extends the metal to the required depth, at
the same time reducing it to the required thicknese. When the parts are sheared
to shape, the parts of the metal which have been separated or divided by the

page_text: punching are cut through along each side, and thus the portions which extend from
the upper ends of the blades are completely divided into a front and back tongue
or strip of metal to form the front and back halves of the required socket, or of
the portion thereof which extends beyond the top edge of the blade, or the front
and back langets. When such is desired; the recess or recesses are, as above
described, originally formed to extend also into the body of the blade or blades,
Buch extended portions of the recesses forming in the finished articles the inner
ends of the sockets, or sinkings between the bases of the langets.
When the length of bar is shaped to form two blades, with their sockets or
fangets, depthways, the upper and lower blade or blades are divided from one
another along the parts which form their lower or outer ends when in use, as will
be obvious from the foregoing description.
The blades of the tools are sometimes required tapering smaller in width towards
their lower ends, and in such cases economy of material results by shearing out one
blade nt an inclination with the next adjoining, so that the same line of cut forms
the adjacent sides of such blades as is the case also in shearing out parallel-sided
blades from the same pieco of metal as above described.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Spades, Shovels, and other
Tools, which have each a Handle Sooket or Langets Formed in.
the same Piece of Metal as the Blade.
We, ARTHUR PERKS and JOHN PERKS, both of the Firm of John Perks and
Sous, of Monmore Green Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
Edge Tool Manufacturers, and WILLIAM CHARLES SALMON, of the same
address, Engineer in the employment of the said firm, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to cheapen, the manufacture of spades, shovels,,
and other tools which have each a handle socket or langets formed in. the same
piece of metal as the blade (that is to say, without being welded thereto), by.
considerably reducing the extent of the heating and labour required in such,
manufacture compared with what is required in the ordinary method of
Lanufacturing such tools.
According to this invention, a portion is cut off from a bar of suitable section,
of a length sufficient to provide metal for the formation of, one or any desired
number of blades of the required tools cach with its socket or langets for the.
handle connection therewith. The metal is heated, and previously to any further,
treatment, a recess 10 form the division between the front and back of the metal
of the socket or between the langets, and to extend also, if desired, into the metal
of the blade, is punched into one of the longer edges of the metal for each tool it,
is intended to form therefrom. If a single tool only is to be made therefrom, one
recess only is, of course, punched into the edge of the metal; if two or more tools:
are to be made therefrom each recess may, be punched into the same edge of the.
metal, or the recesses inay be punched alternately in opposite edges of the metal,.
in either of which cases the motal is of a section to adapt it to be shaped to form
only a single blade, with, its socket or langets, depthways, but any required;
number widthways. If an even number of tools are to be formed from the length

page_text: of bar cut off, recesses may be punched opposite to one another in both edges of
the metal, and in such case the metal is of a section to adapt it to be shaped to
form two blades with their sockets or langets, depthways, and any desired number
widthways. The length of bar, with the recess or recesses punched in one or both
edges thereof, is then rolled to flatten down the sides of the recess or recesses and
to spread out the metal into the form of a plate of the shape aud thickness required,
aud the blade or blades with the portious to form the socket or sockets, or with the
langete, is or are cut therefrom by shearing. The partially formed tools thus
produced are then completed in the ordinary or any convenient manner.
When the parts are sheared to shape, the parts of the metal which have been
separated or divided by the punching are cut through along each side, and thus
the portions which extend from the upper ends of the blades are each completely
divided into a front and back tongue or strip of metal to form the front and back
halves of the required socket, or of the portion thereof which extends beyond the
top edge of the blade, or the front and back langets. When such is desired, the
recess, or each recess is, as above described, originally formed to extend also into
the body of the corresponding blade, such extended portions of the recesses forming
in the finished articles the inner ends of the sockets, or sinkings between the bases
of the langets.
The same section of bar and the same pair of punching tools may be employed in
the manufacture of tools varying in size, but in such case some or all of the lengths
of punched bar will need to be rolled lengthways before they are rolled out into
blanks from which the blades and portions for the sockets, or the langets, are to
be cut out, as otherwise the plates, or some of them, will not be of the required
width.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, we will proceed to
describe practical applications of the same, by way of oxample, in the case of
spades which are required to bave sockets to receive the handles and to have the
Bockets extending somewhat into the blades.
The drawings on Sheet 1 shew how a short length of bar may be treated in the
manner of this invention for the production of a plate from which blanks for two
blades, with portions for the sockete, may be cut out.
Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 an edge view, of a short length of bar
from which the two blades with their sockets are to be formed. Figure 3 is a side
view, partly in section, and Figure 4 an edge view, of such length of bar after the
punching operation.
Figure 5 is a flat view, and Figure 6 a section taken on line ee of Figure 5,
of the plate which has been rolled from the punched length of bar shewn by
Figures 3 and 4.
The short length of bar A has recesses a formed therein, the metal being, of
course, previously heated. The length of bar is then rolled lengthways to elongate
it (unless it is originally of such length as to render this unnecessary) and is
afterwards rolled out in another direction to bring it to the shape and thickness
indicated by Figures 5 and 6, that is to say, to the shape and size from which the
blanks B, shewn in outline by broken lines Figure 5, for the blades and sockets,
may be cut out, and of the thickness required. The blanks B are then sheared
out, and are subsequently formed into finished blades, with sockets to receive the
bandles, in the usual or any convenient manner. In further rolling the metal,
after any endway rolling of the short length of punched bar has been finished, it
is advisable to enter it slantwise into the rolls to ensure that the corners at the
end of the rolled metal along which the cut is made to form the lower ends of the
blades shall not become too greatly rounded; and as this will cause the metal to
widen somewhat as it is rolled out, it is not necessary to roll the punched bar
end ways to the extent which would be required if such bar were to be subsequently
rolled only in a direction at right angles to its original lougth. The parts of
the blanks B are each split into two thicknesses, as indicated by the line e Figure 6,
the splitting being the result of the recesses a originally punched into the metal and

page_text: .
of the shearing the metal through so that the line of parting is exposed at each
side. The parting is shewn, by the broken lines d and by the line c, to be carried
down into the portion of each bluuk B which forms the blade, so that the socket
may be continued into the blade..
The drawings on Sheet 2 shew how a short length of bar may bo treated in the
manner of this invention for the production of a plate from which blanks for
four blades, with portions for the sockets, may be out out.
The figures, which are numbered from 7 to 12, correspond, respectively, in the
order of their numbers, to the figures on Sheet 1.
The short length of har A is double the depth (if required for the production
of tools of the same size) of the bar A above described, and the treatment is the
same as described with reference thereto, except that recesses a' are punched in
opposite edges of the bar, namely, two in one edge and two in the other. The
four blanks B' for the blades and sockets are shewn by broken lines marked upon
the plate which has been rolled out from the bar. The ends of the blades are
formed, as shewn, by cutting across the middle of the plate to divide two of the
blanks from the other two. It may be mentioned that, in this case, there is no
purpose in entering the metal slantwise into the rolls in rolling out the plate,
as the portions for the sockets only being sheared out of the ends of the plate it
is unimportant, and indeed rather an advantage, if the corners become considerably
rounded in rolling.
The drawings on Sheet 3 shew a modification of the invention which may
be found useful, more especially when blades tapering in width are required.
The figures, which are numbered from 13 to 15, correspond, respectively, to
Figures 3, 4 and 5, above described; but the recesses a', though spaced apart
sideways from one another, as in the case of the recesses a above described, aro
punched into opposite edges of the short length of bar. The blanks B' for the
blades and sockets are shewn by broken lines, Figure 15, and it will be seon by
relerence to such figure that, by forming the split part 6 of one hlank at one end
of the plate and the part of the other blank at the opposite end of the plate,
the blade portions of the blanks, though tapering in width, may be divided from
one another by a slanting cut which forms one of the slanting sides of each, and
that thus unnecessary waste of metal is avoided.
The application of the invention to the manufacture of spades which are required
to have langets in lien of sockets, and to the manufacturo of other tools which are
each required to bave a handle socket or langets formed in the same piece of metal
with the blade, will now be readily understood without need for further illustration
or description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of spades, shovels, and other tools, which have each a
handle socket or langets formed in the same piece of metal as the blade, the
process which consists in first punching recesses into plain lengths of bar, then
rolling such lengths of bar into plates and cutting out therefrom blanks for the
blades and sockets, or langets, of the required tools, the shearing of the sides of
the portions which extend outwards from the blades exposing at such sides the
partings or divisions which have been caused by the punching, and which
previously to such shearing have not been exposed at such sides, substantially
as described.
2. In the manufacture of spades, shovels, and other tools, which have each a
bapdle socket or laugets formed in the same piece of metal as the blade, the
process which consists in first punching recesses into edges of plain lengths of bar,
then rolling such lengthis end ways, and then rolling them out into plates and cutting
out therefrom blanks for the blades and sockets, or langets, of the required tools,
the shearing of the sides of the portions which extend outwards from the blades

page_text: exposing at such sides the partings or divisions which have been caused by the
punching and which previously to such shearing have not been exposed at such.
sides, substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of spades, shovels, and other tools, which bave each.
a handle socket or langets forined in the same piece of metal as the blade, the.
process which consists in first punching two or more recesses into one of the edges
of a plain length of bar, then rolling such length of bar into a plate and cutting
out therefrom a number of blanks (corresponding to the number of recesses punched
into the length of bar) for the blades and sockets, or langets, of the required tools,.
substantially as described and shewn (in a case in which two blauks are cut out.
from a plate) by the drawings on Sheet 1 herewith.
4. In the manufacture of spades, shovels and other tools, which have each
a handle socket or langets formed in the same piece of metal as the blade, the
process which consists in first punching two or more recesses into two of the
opposite edges of a plain length of bar, then rolling such length of bar into a plate,.
and cutting out therefrom a number of blanks (corresponding to the number of
recesses punched in the length of bar) for the blades and sockets, or langets, of
the required tools, substantially as described and shewn (in a case in which four-
blanks are cut out from a plate) by the drawings on Sheet 2 herewith.
5. In the manufacture of spades, shovels, and other tools, which have each
a handle socket or langets forined in the same piece of metal as the blade, the.
process which consists in first punching in opposite edges of a plain length of bar
recesses of which that or those in the one edge are not opposite in position to that
or those in the other edge, then rolling such length of bar into a plate, and cutting
out therefrom a number of blanks (corresponding to the number of recesses.
punched in the bar) for the blades and sockets, or langets, of the required tools,
substantially as descrihed and shewn (in a case in which the blades of the blanks.
have inclined sides) by the drawings on Sheet 3 herewith.
Datel this 2nd day of January 1897.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants..