Improvements in Type-setting Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Type-setting Machines.
I, CHARLES JOHANN BOTZ, Printer, of Sedalia, in the County of Pettis and
State of Missouri, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to machines for setting type, and has for its object to
provide a machine of the above-indicated class which will be easy to operate,
requiring but few manipulations, readily learned, and capable of considerable
speed.
The improved construction by which I accomplish these results will be described
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The features of
novelty constituting my invention will be pointed out in the appended claims.
The improved type setting machine of my invention comprises a form of type
arranged in a series of channels provided each with feed mechanism; a type
chute adapted to receive the type from the channels and to convey it to a com-
posing slide wherein the type is packed and locked; means for affording access
to the filled line of type for the purpose of justifying the same by hand; alterna-
tive means for enabling the line of type to be justified mechanically; and a self-
locking galley or column-forming apparatus.
The construction of the machine is as follows:-The various type channels,
each adapted to contain one denomination of type, are so arranged as to be
severally accessible by a type-chute pivoted to the table of the machine. Each
channel is provided with ratchet and pawl mechanism actuated by a key located
in front of the channel so that when the key is pressed upon by a finger attached
to the type-chute, a single type is fed forward in the channel and allowed to drop
into the chute whose upper end is for the time being applied to the discharge
opening of that channel. The type chute is telescopic and pivoted to swing about
both a vertical and a horizontal axis so as to be capable of reaching the keys and
discharge openings of the several type channels which are arranged radially
and in a series of superposed rows. The type on falling down the chute passes
into a horizontal composing slide adapted to move longitudinally in a guideway
carried by a frame mounted to swing as one with the type chute about the same
vertical axis. Means are provided whereby the successive types on entering the
composing slide are automatically packed therein and the slide at same time
gradually moved in its guideway until, on a line of type being completed and.
locked in the slide, the latter reaches a position wherein one of the side walls of
the slide can be folded outwards to allow of the line of type being presented in
such position that it may be readily justified by the insertion of the proper spaces
by hand. Instead of means being provided as described whereby to permit of
the line of type being justified by hand whilst contained in the composing slide,
the latter may be made removable so that on, being filled it can be taken out of
the frame and at once replaced by an empty slide, one operator being continuously
employed in filling successive slides with type by means of the chute whilst a

page_text: second operator justifies the lines as they are successively removed from the
machine. By such an arrangement the output of the machine may be materially
increased.
As an alternative to the above described arrangements the machine in its
more complete form is provided with apparatus whereby the line of type in the
composing slide may be justified by mechanical means. This apparatus consists
essentially of a series of justifying plates presented edgewise towards the row of
type in the composing slide and normally held retracted therefrom, the distance
between each two plates being about equal to the length of a word of (say) one or
two letters. The justifying plates are carried by a slide which moves as one with
the composing slide when the letter is caused in the operation of filling to advance
step by step on the insertion of successive types, and the plates are thus brought
successively opposite a key operated lever pivoted to the frame whereby on the
completion of a word the corresponding one of the justifying plates in projected
into the composing slide immediately behind the last letter of the completed word.
In this way each two adjacent words are separated by a plate, and on the line
being completed so far as to leave a small vacant space in the length of the
composing slide, all the justifying plates are caused to cant so as to force the
several words apart to an equal extent and as far as is permitted by the length
of the slide. Into the spaces thus produced between the words, spacing types.
are dropped by hand, the correct number or width of such spacing types being
indicated on a scale over which a pointer is caused to move concurrently with
the canting of the justifying plates. The latter are now simultaneously retracted
from the composing slide by means of a key which operates a series of levers
engaging in slots in the several plates, and the spacing types are then forced
down into position by means of a plunger under which they are successively
brought by moving the slide in its guideway, the plunger having a chisel edge
so that by rotating the plunger more or less about its axis its edge may be caused
to engage with all the spacing types between two words and thus drive said types
home at a single operation.
The composing slide having been filled with type and the latter justified either
by hand or by means of the apparatus just described, the frame" which carries
the slide is swung round upon its vertical axis so as to bring the composing slide
opposite the entrance of the column-forming galley. The side wall of the com-
posing slide having been already removed out of the way, an ejector-bar hinged
to the frame is operated to force the line of type out of the slide into the galley
where the type is received against the face of a follower by which it is supported
and prevented from falling forward whilst in the galley, the follower consisting
of a bar adapted to retreat step by step as successive lines of type are forced into
the galley. The lines of type in the galley are supported at the rear and pre-
vented from falling backwards, by means of a bar which normally closes the
entrance of the galley, this bar being carried by a lever adapted to be so engaged
by the frame carrying the composing slide (when the latter is swung round for
the purpose of introducing a line into the galley) as to raise the bar out of the
way, the bar again falling and closing the entrance of the galley when the frame
is swung back to enable a fresh line of type to be formed.
In Figures 1 to 18 of the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated a complete
machine in all its parts and details, and in Figures 19 to 28, I have represented
a different construction of certain parts.
Figure 1 is a central sectional elevation of the improved machine;
Figure 2 is a plan thereof:
Figure 3 is a detail vertical section of the line-forming mechanism;
Figure 4 is a plan corresponding to Figure 3;
Figures 5 and 6 are elevations showing the line-forming mechanism from
opposite ends:
Figures and S are respectively an end view and an approximately central
vertical section of the line-forming mechanism ;

page_text: Figures 9, 10 and 11 are sectional elevations of the line-forming mechanism,
showing the same in different positions;
Figure 12 is a transverse section of the line-forming mechanism on line 12-12
of Figure 13;
Figure 13 is a plan view illustrating the connection of the line-forming
mechanism with the column-forming mechanism or galley:
Figures 14 to 16 illustrate details of the type holder or type channel;
Figures 17 and 18 show two forms of the type receptacle or casing:
Figures 19 and 20 represent a different construction of the line-forming
mechanism in elevation and plan respectively;
Figure 21 is a cross section on line 21-21 of Figure 19;
Figures 22 and 23 are cross sections, substantially.on line 23-23 of Figure 19,
showing the parts in different positions;
Figure 24 is an inverted plan view of the construction shown in Figure 19;
Figures 25, 26 and 27 illustrate the operation of the modified construction;
and
Figure 28 is a detail of a modified type-receiving slide.
The machine comprises the following main parts; the casing A having a series
of type channels B, a movable type chute or transmitter C, a composing slide D,
a spacing or justifying mechanism E and a column-forming apparatus F.
The composing slide 1 and the spacing mechanism E together constitute a
line-forming mechanism.
The casing A is secured to a suitable frame and consists of three or more
superposed rows of type channels B, which as shown, are inclined rearwardly
and have discharge openings B at their front or upper ends. The number of
channels is, of course, arbitrary, but for many purposes it will be sufficient to
have three rows of channels, thirty-two in each row: The drawings, however,
for the sake of clearness, show only twenty-four channels (.e. three rows contain-
ing eight each) instead of ninety-six.
The discharge openings B¹ of each row of channels are arranged in the arc of a
circle, for a purpose that will be fully stated hereinafter. Each channel is
adapted to receive type of one kind only, and each of the openings 131 is of such
a rize as to allow only a single type to escape at a time. The type is designated
by the letter G. The type is held in a forward position, but normally just clear
of the discharge openings B, by means of a follower 1, fitted to slide in the type
channel and having a rack surface 2 engaged by a pawl 3 pivoted to one end of a
two armed lever 4. This lever is adapted to be operated by means of a push
key 5 coupled to the opposite end of the lever 4. A friction device, such as
rubber plugs 1 (Fig. 15) secured to the follower 1, prevents any accidental
movement of the follower. The key 5 may be made to project forward more or
less, a screw coupling 5 permitting of such adjustment, so that the movement of
the key will (like the width of the discharge openings B¹) correspond exactly
to the width of the type. To secure a return of the pawl to its normal position
the lever has a third arm carrying a counterweight 6. The pawls 3 extend
rearwardly beyond the links 4 as at 3, and their angular movement is limited
by the extension 3ª encountering a stop 7, secured to the casing. The channel B
is widened at its rear end, as shown at B32 (Figure 14) to permit of the easy
introduction of the type. A downward or return movement of the channel
(during the return movement of the pawl) is prevented in any suitable manner,
for instance by a frictional engagement of the type channel with the casing.
The projecting ends of the pawls allow the operator to raise the pawls 3 when
introducing or removing type, so as to avoid marring the face of the type. The
casing may also carry a box S adapted to receive various signs, such as fractions,
which it is not desired to set up by the aid of my improved mechanism, but by
hand in the ordinary manner. Furthermore the casing may have a box 9 to
contain spaces of various sizes as may be required in arranging lines, see
Figure 13.

page_text: The type chute or transmitter C is pivoted directly to a horizontal axis 10
journalled in a frame 11 capable of turning about a vertical axis 12.
The type
chute consists of two tubular parts, one telescoping within the other. The
upper part has an opening 14 adapted to be brought under the discharge
openings B of each of the type channels, and said upper section 13 furthermore
carries a finger 15 adapted to engage the projecting end of the key 5. The
finger 15 and opening 14 are so arranged relatively to each other that when
said finger is pressed against the key 5, for the purpose of causing the pawl to
move the follower forward and feed the type in the same direction to the
discharge opening 11 the type discharged through the opening B₁ will fall into
the type chute C and slide down the same. The object of making the type chute
extensible is to enable the finger 15 to reach the keys 5 and the aperture 14 to
be brought under the openings B in the several superposed rows of type channels
as indicated in dotted lines, in Figure 1. As the type chute swings in a horizontal
plane about the vertical axis 12, the reason for locating the ends of the keys 5
in the arc of a circle will be obvious, namely, to enable the operator to work on
all the keys of the same row without changing the relative adjustment of the two
sections of the type chute. I prefer also to arrange the keys 5 and discharge
openings B in an upwardly-ranging arc, as illustrated by Figure 1, so as to secure
a substantially uniform inclination of the type channels B. The frame 11 with
the type chute C and all the other parts carried by said frame may be removed
from the apparatus by swinging aside the pivoted catch 12" which normally
engages a reduced portion 125 of the vetrical pivot 12. A roller e journalled on
the frame 11 on an axis radial to the vertical axis 12 is adapted to rest on the
table of the apparatus to better support the frame in its movement about the
pivot 12.
At its lower end the type chute C is open laterally so as to allow the type to
issue therefrom and to fall upon the composing slide D. To the lower section
of the type chute is pivoted a stop 16 (shown clearly in Figures 8 to 11) adapted
to assume a vertical position by gravity and to maintain the verticality of the
type as it glides into the composing slide. The type chute may be held in an
elevated position by means of a transversely slidable roller 17, which may be
pushed out of the path of the type chute when necessary as shown in Figure 2.
The composing slide 1 is adapted to move in a guideway 11ª (Figure 8) on the
same frame 11 to which the type chute is pivoted, and the plane in which said
slide moves is parallel to the vertical plane in which the type chute swings
about the axis 10. 11 is a guide for the slide D. The slide D may be moved
toward the right (Fig. 7) until it engages a spring IS, and when it is desired to
remove the slide from its frame said spring is bent down to clear the slide. At its
left hand end, the slide has a stop 19 (Fig. 8) located in substantially the same
plane as that in which the pivoted stop 16 moves. The type on reaching the
slide D is received in a groove 20 at the bottom of the slide (Figure 9) and is held
by means of a spring 21 which presses laterally through an opening 11b in the
frame 11 (Figure 7). Then as the type chute is swung on its horizontal pivot 10,
the stop 16 forces the type toward the left until it engages the stop 19 of the com-
posing slide. It will thus be seen that each time a type has been fed down the
type chute, and the latter is moved away from the corresponding key 5, the type
is fed forward in the groove 20 of the composing slide, and coming in contact
with the stop 19 on the latter the further action of the stop 16 on the type will
cause a forward movement not only of the type but also of the slide D with it,
so that gradually the composing slide 1) will advance from the position shown
in Figures and 8 to that shown in Figures 9 and 10. When the latter position
is attained, the line of type held within the slide is locked in position by turning
a handle 22ª carrying a cam 22 (Figure 4) which engages a catch 23 secured to a
spring arm 23 and adapted to project through an opening 24 in the back of the
frame, as shown in Figures 3, 9 and 10. The line of type being thus locked,
the operator then moves the slide D to the left by hand, using the handle h, until

page_text: the catch a pivoted to the slide 1 at a¹ (Figure 11) and pressed upon by the
spring b. engages the stop notch 11d in the guideway 11". In this position the
operator may perform the proper spacing by hand, for which purpose the follow-
ing arrangement is provided. While the composing slide 1) is advancing, the
types are prevented from falling forward by means of a plate 25 pivoted to the
frame 11 and forming a front wall therefor, said plate 25 being normally held in
a vertical position by means of a spring 26, which then extends over an arm 25ª
in one with the plate 25, see Figure 7. When the slide D has reached the position
shown in Figure 10, the spring 26 is forced rearward until its end 26ª clears the
arm 25 (see Figure 7), thereby releasing the plate 25, and the type is, together
with said plate 25, forced forward and downward by means of an ejector 27
secured to the frame by means of a spirng arm 28 into the position indicated in
dotted lines in Figures 12 and 13. The forward movement of the plate 25 is
limited by a stop 29 so as to hold said plate in an inclined position (as indicated
in dotted lines in Figure 12) when the faces of the type will be readily visible.
With the type thus exposed, the operator will perform the spacing in the usual
manner and after that swing the plate 25 back, bringing the type into the vertical
position again and locking the type by means of the catch 23.
The line thus justified is transferred to the column-forming apparatus Fin
the following manner;
The composing slide 1) (Figures 7 to 11) is moved toward the left by the operator
releasing the catch a and taking hold of the handle to pull the slide with the
line of type thereon, until in swinging around the pivot 12; towards the position
shown in Figure 13, the upwardly ranging arm 30 of a second ejector 34
(Figure 1) presently referred to takes under and raises the arm 31 (Figure 2)
which is in position opposite the end of the column-forming box 32. So long as
the box 32 remains empty the pivoted follower plate 33 is in its rearmost position
(Figure 2), and as the operator presses upon the second ejector 34 (Figure 13)
which is secured to the frame 11 by means of a spring arm 35, the line of type is
forced into the column-forming box 32, this movement at the same time causing
a corresponding movement of the follower 33, which slides on the guide 33.
As each successive line of type is introduced into the box 32, the follower 33
becomes correspondingly displaced so as to make room for the new line the
follower remaining constantly in contact with the first line of type introduced
into the box and thus preventing the type in the box from falling forward.
When the frame 11 is turned back on the pivot 12 toward the position shown in
Figure 2, the arm 31, being no longer kept elevated by the arm 30, will fall
down so that the plate 36 carried on said arm 31 will engage the rear face of the
type and will thus form a back to the box 32 and will hold the type within the
box. The composing slide 1) may then be moved back to its original position on
the frame 11. In order to hold the pivoted frame 11 against the column-forming
box 32 in the position shown in Figure 13 during the transference of a line of
type from the composing slide D) to box 32 a suitable stop such as a pivoted
hook 37 is provided at the right hand end of the main frame of the machine to
engage the spring 18 or any suitable part of the pivoted frame 11 as indicated.
It will be understood that the pivoted frame 11 which carries the composing
slide D and the type chute C will swing on its pivot 12 as the type chute is moved
from one type channel to another, but this will not affect the operation of the
composing slide, as above described. The arm 31 may be held in its upward
position by means of a pivoted catch 38. As the composing slide D is pushed
back to its original position, the cam handle 22, by colliding with the frame 11
(see Figures 12 and 13) is turned automatically so as to swing the catch 23 out
of the path of the feed stop 16.
By substituting for the composing slide 1, a U-shaped type-holder a sub-
stantially like that shown in Figure 16 (without the follower), but closed at onc
end, as illustrated by Figure 28, I may secure the following advantages: One
operator by working the type chute C may fill one of the U-shaped type holders u

page_text: in the same manner as-described for the composing slide D, and another operator
would remove the type-holders as soon as filled, for instance by means of the
ejector 27, which would preferably act at a point farther to the left than in the
construction shown, so as to give both operators more room. The first operator
would thus fill type-holders continuously while the other would justify the lines
by the insertion of the proper spaces and would form the justified lines into
columns. The output of the machine could thus be materially increased.
In cases where either of the forms of construction hereinbefore described;
are employed, the lines require to be justified by hand, and the operator must
rely upon his skill and judgment for putting in the proper spaces. In the line-
forming device to be described presently, mechanism is provided for indicating
the exact amount of spaces (in m's or other units) required to accurately fill up
the line.
It will be understood that in this modified construction, illustrated in Figures 19
to 27 the type channels B, type chute C, and the column-forming mechanism l'
are the same as in the construction herein before referred to. The frame 11
which carries the type chute is pivoted, as before described, to turn about a
vertical axis 12, and the frame has a slideway 11 for the composing slide D¹ to
travel in. The types G are prevented from falling out of the slide D' forwardly,
by the front wall 39 of the frame 11. The end walls 40 and 40ª of the slide Di
hold the type against endwise movement. A spring catch 41 normally compels
the slide 1 to carry along with it another slide 42, which carries the justifying
mechanism. The composing slide D is capable of a limited independent move-
ment between the spring catch 4.1 and a stop 43, which are both secured to the
justifying slide 42. The composing slide D is apertured longitudinally at the
back, as shown at 44 (Figure 23) and the justifying slide has a similar slot 45.
Upon the justifying slide 42 are fitted to slide transversely, i.e. from front to
rear, and vice versa, the justifying plates 46, which are adapted to project at
about the middle of the height of the type (see Figure 23), the plates 46 being
normally held retracted from the composing slide D as shown in Figure 22.
Whenever a word has been completed, the operator presses the spacing key 47
pivoted to the frame 11, and thereby brings the lower end 47" of said key against
one of the plates 46, causing said plate to slide forward to the right of the last
type, as in Figure 23. It will be understood that the two slides D' and 42 advance
together as each type is fed, while the spacing key 47 does not advance. By
reference to the drawings and particularly Figure 26, it will be seen that the
distance between each two adjoining justifying plates 46 is equal approximately
to the aggregate thickness of two types, so that two adjoining plates are near
enough to each other to properly support and keep from falling even a single
type, as they will have to do in the case of words of one letter, such " " or "I";
see the last type towards the right in Figure 26. Words of one letter or of two
letters will therefore be held between two adjoining plates 46, while for words of
three or four letters I shall use one of the plates 46 in conjunction with the one
next to it but one, and so on it being understood that in this manner long or short
words can be divided by the plates 46 although the latter are evenly spaced, as
will also be clear from Figure 26. Of course I might somewhat vary the distance
between the several justifying plates, but I believe the distance equivalent to
two types will afford the simplest and most practical arrangement.
When the composing slide D' is almost filled with type between the end walls 40
and 40, the line is justified as follows: The operator pulls the knob 48 in the
direction indicated by the arrow in Figures 20 and 25 (to the left in Figure 20).
This knob is attached to a bar 49 supported upon links 50 pivoted to the justifying
slide 42. One edge of each justifying plate 46 enters a notch or socket in the
slide 42, and the opposite edge engages a notch or socket in the bar 49. By
moving this bar as indicated, the justifying plates are shifted from the straight
position shown in Figures 24 and 26 to the oblique position shown in Figures 25
and 27. This will force the type G toward the ends of the composing slide D

page_text: so as to fill the latter completely (see Fig. 27). At the same time a projection 51
on the bar 49 will turn a pointer 52 pivoted to the justifying slide and indicating
on a graduated arc 53, the number of m's or other units necessary to fill the spaces
between the words composing the line. The proper spaces 54 are then introduced
by hand (see Figure 27) the justifying plates forming temporary supports for
the said spaces 54. The justifying plates 46 are then withdrawn rearwardly from
the composing slide 1 by pressing on the key 55 which, operating the elbow
lever 56 pivoted on the justifying slide 42, retracts the justifying plates which
have apertures 42ª adapted to clear the actuating end of the lever 56 when the
plates are moved forward. As the composing slide moves toward the left
(Figure 27), the spring catch 41 is raised by coming in contact with an inclined.
stop 57 secured to the frame 11, the catch being thus caused to, release the com-
posing slide D¹, which is then moved by hand toward the left, to pass under the
space driver 58.
The space driver consists of a vertical spindle 58 pivotally mounted in a
frame 59 attached to the frame 11, and at its lower end said space driver is.
flattened or chisel shaped so that by turning it about its vertical axis by means
of the handle 60, it may be made to present either a narrow or a broad surface in
a direction longitudinally of the composing slide, in accordance with the aggre-
gate width of the spaces 54 inserted between each two words. Adjacent to the
handle 60, I may provide a graduated scale corresponding to that on the graduated
are 53, so that the operator will be enabled to at once adjust the space driver 58
to the proper angular position. Each time one of the sets of spaces 54 comes
under the space driver 58, the latter is lowered by a pressure on the handle 60,
and thus the spaces 54 are driven down so as to no longer project above the
type surface. A spring 62 engaging a flat 58 on the space driver spindle 58
serves to hold the latter against accidental turning. The space driver slides up
and down as one with the rod 63, which is pressed upward by a spring 64, so as
to return the space driver to its normal or raised position.
When the composing slide D', with the lines of type justified as above described
reaches the left hand end of the frame 11, the ejector 34 (being the same as that
described with reference to Figures 1 to 13) is operated to remove the line of
type into the column forming box 32 as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The type chute arranged to receive the type discharged from the type
receptacle, and to deliver them to the composing slide which moves together with
the type chute so as to always remain in a receiving position, substantially as
described.
2. The arrangement of the type channels with their discharge openings in the
arc of a circle, corresponding to the pivotal movement of the type chute, sub-
stantially as described.
3. The construction of the type chute in sections whereby it becomes longi-
tudinally extensible to reach the several tiers of type channels, substantially as
described.
4. The provision, upon the movable type chute, of a finger or other operating
projection to control the discharge of the types from the type channels, sub-
stantially as described.
5. The location of the discharge openings at the upper ends of the inclined
type channels, and of the followers at the lower portions of said channels, sub-
stantially as described.
6. The provision, upon the sides of the followers of friction devices engaging
the walls of the type channels, substantially as described.
7. The feeding of the types in the composing slide by the swinging of the
type chute, substantially as described,

page_text: S. The pivoting of the composing slide and its frame or guideway about a
vertical axis, with the type chute pivoted to said frame about a horizontal axis,
substantially as described.
9. The column-forming mechanism arranged to receive the types from the
composing slide mounted to swing substantially as described.
10. The provision of a pivoted stop at the lower end of the pivoted type chute,
to feed the type in the composing slide which has a stop at its opposite end so
that the slide will be fed along with the type, substantially as described.
11. The removable arrangement of the composing slide frame by means of a
movable catch adapted to engage the vertical pivot of said frame, substantially
as described.
12. The hook or stop for holding the swinging frame of the composing slide
stationary when said frame registers with the column-forming mechanism, sub-.
stantially as described.
13. The provision, upon the follower located in the type channel, of a rack
surface engaged by a pawl operated by a key, substantially as described.
14. Making the pawl-operating key extensible to vary its stroke and the throw
of the pawl, substantially as described.
15. The arrangement of a receiving mouth upon the type chute so located as
to be beneath the discharge opening of the type channel at the time the finger of
the type chute operates the mechanism to discharge a type from said channel,
substantially as described.
16. The ejector for transferring the type from the composing slide to the
column-forming box, substantially as described.
17. The spring arranged to engage the side of the type in the composing slide
adjacent to the lower end of the type chute, substantially as described.
18. The movable catch secured to the frame in which the composing slide
moves, and arranged to engage the last of the types in said slide, substantially
as described.
19. Throwing the type-holding catch out of the path of the types by causing
said catch to collide with the frame during the return movement of the composing
slide, substantially as described.
20. The normally upright front plate for holding the type in the composing
slide, and adapted to be swung forward with the types to permit of justifying the
line, substantially as described.
21. The stop for locking the composing slide when it registers with the for-
wardly moving front plate, substantially as described.
22. The ejector for forcing the line of type forwardly to swing it down with
the movable front plate, substantially as described.
23. The column-forming box when containing a movable follower arranged to
engage the front face of the line of type, and a plate for engaging the rear face
of the type after the removal of the composing slide from registry with the
column-forming box, substantially as described.
24. The lifting of the pivoted rear plate of the column-forming box, by
engagement with the composing slide as the latter swings into registry with the
column-forming box, substantially as described.
25. The justifying plates arranged to be inserted between adjacent types and
to assume an inclined position, in combination with an indicator indicating the
amount of space corresponding to the position of the justifying plates, sub-
stantially as described.
26. The sliding rod connecting the justifying plates to incline them in unison,
substantially as described.
27. The spacing key for sliding the justifying plates from the justifying slide
into the composing slide, substantially as described.
28. The withdrawing lever passing through the slots of the justifying plates
to remove them together from the composing slide, substantially as described,

page_text: 29. The space driver having an elongated edge and mounted to turn so that
said edge will engage a greater or smaller width of spaces, substantially as
described.
Dated this 8th day of August 1899.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.