Improvements in Suction and Force Pumps.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 9th Sept., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Suction and Force Pumps.
I, OSSIAN ALBERT RINGBOM, Engineer, Lathis, in the Grand Duchy of
Finland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This pump belongs to that class of pumps in which the sucking and forcing of
the liquid is effected by means of a diaphragm inserted in the chamber of the
pump, which diaphragm is raised and lowered by means of variations in volume
and pressure of a gas let in below the diaphragm.
The pump is shown on the accompanying drawing in vertical section in Fig. 1
and consists of a body made of two dish-shaped parts A and B of sheet iron,
having their concave sides turned towards each other and provided with broad
flanges, between which the diaphragm d is fixed so that the body will be divided
into two separate chambers thereby. To the lower bottom of the body is brazed
or otherwise fixed a cylindrical pipe r, in which a plunger k freely reciprocates..
The plunger is provided with a vertical cavity and with small side canals
extending from the top of the groove.
In this central cavity is inserted the upper end of a thinner pipe & brazed to the
bottom of the piper, the opposite end of this pipe t being fixed to a flat disc a.
To this disc a is fastened by screws a second disc 6 of corresponding form and
dimensions in such a manner that a small space is left between the discs, except at
the edges where a perfect tightening is effected by means of a packing ring.
*
The upper surface of the lower disc is provided with concentric broken
corrugations forming zig-zag passages (see Fig. 2 section on line xx Fig. 1) and
from the space between these discs pass two pipes c, c, which at their upper ends
open into the portion of the pump-body beneath the diaphragm. The plunger k is
at the top prolonged in the form of a thin rod i, provided with a head j. This rod
freely reciprocates in a metal sleeve secured in the centre of the diaphragm and
prolonged to form a vertical pipe h. This pipe freely reciprocates in a valve-box
above the body of the pump and in the tubular extension n of said box. In this
tubular piece na valve o is placed and above this valve the pipe n is connected to
the discharge-pipe f1 by means of a pipe p having a cock. From the space below
the valve o extends also a small pipe q passing into the body beneath the diaphragm
where it is curved in several spiral-windings whereupon it passes through the
bottom of the body and terminates in the open air.
The pump works in the following manner:
In the space between the discs a and b, the latter of which is corrugated to
increase the heating-surface a small quantity of water or other liquid is placed by
loosening the connection of the two parts of the body.
After partly again securing the same a petroleum-lamp or other heater is placed
beneath the disc b, whereby the liquid between the discs is transformed into gas or
vapour and the air beneath the diaphragm is driven out. Thereupon the two
parts of the body are by means of screws secured together, so as to produce a
perfect tightening. As gas is developed from the quantity of liquid between the
discs the gas will rush upwards in the pipes c, c to the chamber beneath the
diaphragm and fill it, forcing the diaphragm to rise.
By the raising of the diaphragm the pipe h will also be raised and when it is
raised so far that the metal-sleeve g abuts against the head j of the rod i the
plunger k is also raised so far that it will be engaged by two springs / in the upper
end of the cylindrical pipe r. At the same time the upper end of the pipe / will

page_text: push the valve o open, whereby liquid from the discharge-pipe f¹ will enter into the
pipe n and then flow through the coiled-pipe q, that serves as a powerful surface-
condensor, so that the gas beneath the diaphragm will again be rapidly condensed
into liquid. This liquid then flows downwards into the cylindrical pipe r and fills
it. By the condensation a vacuum is formed beneath the diaphragm, whereby the
diaphragm is again lowered. When it has been lowered so far that the lower edge
of the metal-sleeve a abuts against the top of the plunger k, this is disengaged
from the springs and by its own weight falls to the bottoin of the pipe r, thereby
displacing the liquid, that through the small side canals in the plunger and the
space between the cylindrical groove of the same and the pipe t, inserted therein
is brought into this latter pipe, which as pointed out above, communicates with
the space between the discs a and b.
When the liquid has come thither, it is immediately heated spreading uniformly
in the said space and is again rapidly reduced into gas, whereupon the process set
forth above, again takes place. Thus by the lowering of the diaphragm a certain
quantity of liquid is sucked into the suction pipe fand fills the space above the
diaphragm by the raising of the diaphragm the liquid above it is pressed
upwards through the discharge-pipe f'.
In order to assure that the quantity of liquid necessary for obtaining the
requisite volume of gas may always be at hand in the vessel, where the reduction
into gas is to take place, I have provided around the piper and communicating
with the lower portion of the pump-chamber by coiled-pipes and with the pipe r
by a coiled pipe ', a vessel containing liquid to the same level as in the piper.
If the liquid in ŕ be diminished, the vessel is raised to the bottom of the
pipe by means of the nut t¹ on the screw-threaded pipe t whereby the liquid by
means of the pipe u will be on the same level in both the vessels.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A suction and force pump comprising a pump-chamber divided into two parts
by a diaphragm, the portion of the chamber beneath the diaphragm being
connected with a vessel of large heating surface for reduction of liquid into gas
or vapour whereby a small quantity of liquid may be reduced into gas, which
passes through connecting pipes (c) to the portion of the chamber beneath the
diaphragm, thereby effecting the raising of the diaphragm and the forcing up of
the liquid above it, and a spirally wound or equivalent condensing pipe in the
lower portion of the chamber, this pipe being automatically filled with liquid from
the discharge-pipe as soon as the diaphragm has reached its uppermost position,
thereby causing the condensation of the gas, the lowering of the diaphragm and
the suction of a new quantity of liquid through the suction-pipe.
2. In a suction and force pump substantially as described, the arrangement of
the plunger (k) for pressing out the liquid from the lower portion of the pump-
chamber to the vessel for reduction into gas.
3. In a suction and force pump substantially as described, the arrangement of
the vessel (r) with coiled pipes (") in communication with the lower portion of
the pump-chamber in order to control the quantity of liquid intended for reduction
into gas.
Dated this 8th day of Angust. 1893.
R. HADDAN,
Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agent for Applicant.