Improvements in Burners for Incandescent Gas Lighting
Year: 1898

page_text: [Communicated from abroad by ALESSANDRO ARMELLINI, and EMILIO KERBS, both
of Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy.]
Improvements in Burners for Incandescent Gas Lighting
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The burner which forms the subject of this invention is illustrated in the
accompanying drawing in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the improved burner and
Figure 2 is an inverted plan of the same.
The improved burner consists of two parts, of which B is the lower and F the
upper part. Within the part B is arranged a small screw-threaded tube k,
adaptable to all ordinary gas fittings. This small tube is closed at its upper
portion by means of a small perforated plate n these perforations regulating the
admission of gas to the burner. The apertures a a on the other hand, serve for
the admission of air.
The upper part F rests upon the lower part B, but in such a manner as to be
readily removable, and is connected with the central portion D by means of the
arms 8 8.
This part D is an ordinary Bunsen burner except that the space ff, where the
combustion of the mixture of gas and air takes place, is formed by an annular
aperture, which is perfectly free instead of being provided with a metal mesh or
grating, and that the admission of the air takes place at the base instead of at
the side, and through an annular aperture instead of through holes; all friction
being thus obviated.
The incandescence mantle A rests upon a central fork in the ordinary manner.
The glass chimney t fits in the usual manner in the part F and its outline follows
that of the mantle; at the part corresponding to the top of this latter the chimney
spreads out and is continued upwards in a cylindrical form. In this manner the
external air has no communication with the interior except through the aperture a a
and at the top of the chimney t.
As soon as the part B has been screwed upon a gas fitting and the tap opened,
the gas mingles with the air and rises, causing a draught through a a as in the
ordinary Bunsen burner; when the heat given off by the burning mixture heats
the external air at a, b, e, it is obvious that fresh air will replace that which has risen
owing to the heat and that which combines with the gas during the combustion.
When combustion continues to take place at ff, there exists a current of air which
enters the burner through the apertures a a. Now this current of air, owing to
the proportion existing between the sections of the different conduits, exerts its
greatest effect in the conduit D.
Assuming the section of the
allow the admission of only the
within the Bunsen burner, for
apertures a a (see Figure 2) to be sufficient to
volume of air which is required for the mixture
supporting combustion and for replacing the air

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which rises owing to the heat, it is necessary that between the surfaces f where the
mixture c passes out of the section of the conduit D of the Bunsen burner, and d
where the air enters, the relations f= c, d >c should exist, whilst outside the
conduit D there must obtain the conditions h - b, b<e and finally a = h + d.
In this manner the current of air which enters at a exerts directly a pressure
at d d without it being necessary to produce a reduction of pressure at e e, because
the air enters at d d with the same speed that it enters at a a. And in order that
the draught at a a should be the maximum it is necessary that the surface of the
section ee should be greater than that of the sections 6 and h, owing to the
expansion of the air caused by the heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is:-
:-
A burner for incandescence lighting having a single air entrance, both for the
interior of the gas burner and for the external passage around the incandesence
burner, in which the air conduits are so arranged and are of such sections that a
maximum draught of air may be produced outside the incandescence mantle
without creating a difference of pressure between. the interior and the exterior of
the said mantle, and in which likewise the Bunsen burner is constructed in such a
manner as to enable the pressure produced by the current of air to be directly
utilised upon the combustible mixture, thus obtaining a very considerable economy
in the consumption of gas; the space within which combustion takes place in this
burner being further constituted by an annular aperture which is perfectly free
with the object of obtaining increased luminosity.
Dated this 3rd day of May 1898.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.