IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harry Blair of Glasgow in the County of Lanark North
Britain Architect for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harry Blair at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1882.
HARRY BLAIR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North-Britain, Architect,
" IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPLIANCES FOR SOIL PIPES AND OTHER WASTE
WATER DISCHARGE PIPES,"
This Invention relates to improvements in appliances to be fitted in connection
with soil pipes or other waste water discharge pipes of houses or buildings for the
purpose of admitting currents of fresh air to these pipes or their branches, to effect or
facilitate their ventilation and prevent the admission through them to the houses
of foul air from the sewers or usual stench traps below.
The improved appliances which are fitted to vertical or inclined soil pipes or
discharge pipes, or to discharge branches from water-closets, baths, lavatories,
jaw-boxes, and the like, are formed on two lengths of the discharge pipe (which
may be short or long as the case may require) the lower of which lengths is fitted
or formed with a conical or conoidal enlargement or mouth at its upper end, into
which the upper length of piping projects or dips downwards, but to such an extent
only as to leave a free annular space between the ends of the pipes, for the passage
of air. The projecting end of the upper pipe is by preference slightly tapered so
that the water discharged through it may pass more directly into the lower branch
without overflowing at the open joint thus formed. The conoidal upper end of the
lower pipe is formed with an open grating which admits the fresh air to the pipe,
and this grating supports the upper pipe by means of a ring or flange formed or
fitted on that pipe. This ring or flange is by preference fitted adjustably, so that
the extent of the dip of the upper pipe into the conoidal or expanded mouth of the
lower may be varied or regulated.

page_text: The lengths of piping forming the means of ventilating the soil or other pipes
are fitted in line with and jointed to the main discharge pipe near the lower end
where such pipe enters the sewer or stench trap; and the fresh air may pass right
through from side to side, or ascend through the discharge pipe, and escape at the
upper end or through outlets formed in the discharge branches from the baths,
lavatories, jaw-boxes, or other parts of the house.
When the discharge pipes to which the improved appliances are fitted, are not
outside the building, the ventilating grating may be surrounded by a casing
communicating through the walls with the outer air.
A slot or aperture may be cut or formed in the flange over the ventilating
grating, or the top flange may be made to lift to admit a stirring or cleaning rod
through it, to clear the water trap below.
These appliances may be made round, square, or any shape, and of any size, as
occasion may require.
The arrangement of the ventilating appliances may be inverted, that is to say,
the grating may be put on the upper length of pipe, and the flange on the lower
length; or the grating might be formed on the flange of the upper pipe.

page_text: :
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Harry Blair in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th March
1883.
HARRY BLAIR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Architect
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING APPLIANCES FOR SOIL PIPES AND OTHER WASTE
WATER DISCHARGE PIPES
"
My said Invention relates to improvements in appliances to be fitted in
connection with soil pipes or other waste water discharge pipes of houses or
buildings for the purpose of admitting currents of fresh air to these pipes or their
branches, to effect or facilitate their ventilation and prevent the admission through
them to the houses of foul air from the sewers or usual stench traps below.
My Invention is illustrated by the accompanying Drawings in which Figure 1.
is a vertical section, and Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the line 1--1 in
figure 1 of one modification of the improved ventilating appliance. Figure 3 is an
elevation, and Figure 4 a horizontal section as at the line 2--2 in figure 3.
Figure 5 is an elevation, Figure 6 a sectional elevation, and Figure 7 a corre-
sponding horizontal section of modified arrangements of the ventilator. Figure 8
is a general view of a siphon trap showing the ventilating appliance fitted.
The improved appliances which are fitted to vertical or inclined soil pipes or
discharge branches from water-closets, baths, lavatories, jaw-boxes, and the like,
are formed or fitted on two lengths A. B of the discharge pipe (which may be
short or long as the case may require) the lower A of which is fitted or formed
with a conical or conoidal enlargement or mouth A' at its upper end, into which
the upper length B projects or dips downwards, but to such an extent only as to
leave a free annular space a between the ends of the pipes for the passage of air.
The projecting end B' of the upper pipe is by preference slightly tapered so that
the water discharged through it may pass more directly into the lower branch A
without overflowing at the open joint b formed between the pipes. The conoidal
upper end A¹ of the lower pipe A is formed with an open grating A2 which admits
the fresh air to the pipe, as indicated by the arrows, and this grating supports the
upper pipe B by meams of a ring or flange B' formed or fitted on that pipe. This
ring or flange B² may be fitted adjustably, so that the extent of the dip of the
upper pipe B, into the conoidal or expanded mouth A¹ of the lower one may be
varied or regulated. One of the parts A or B is formed with webs or ribs b¹ to fit
with the other part and retain them in position. The lengths of piping A, B,
forming the means of ventilating the soil pipes or other pipes are fitted in line
with and jointed to the main discharge pipe C near the lower end where such pipe
enters the sewers or stench trap and the fresh air may pass right through the
grating A² from side to side, or ascend through the discharge pipe C, and escape
at the upper end or through outlets formed in the discharge branches from the
baths, lavatories, jaw-boxes, or other parts of the house. The upper end of the
appliance B may form with the pipe Ĉ a spigot and faucet joint in which sufficient
play is allowed between the end of the pipe C and its socket, to allow of the part B
being raised or removed and replaced, or it may fit close as indicated by the dotted
lines in figure 1.
When the discharge pipes to which the improved appliances are fitted, are not
outside the building, the ventilating grating may be surrounded by a casing com-
municating through the walls with the outer air, or the discharge pipe may be
taken through the wall to the outside as shown by the dotted lines in figure 8.
A slot or aperture 6² is cut or formed in the flange B2 over the ventilating

page_text: grating A², or the top flange B³ may be made to lift to admit a stirring or cleaning
rod through it to clear the water trap D below.
The appliances may be made round, square, or any shape, and of any size, as
occasion may require. In figures 1 and 2 the appliances A, B, are shown circular
in plan, in Figures 3 and 4 they are formed with a flat side to fit against the wall.
I Figure 5 the openings of the grating A² are of triangular form, in the former
figures they are shown rectangular, but they may be of any convenient shape.
The arrangement of the ventilating appliances may also be inverted, as shown
in figures 6 and 7, that is to say, the grating A² may be put on the upper length
of pipe B and the flange (B2) on the lower length A; or the grating might be
formed on the flange of the upper pipe B..
The appliances may be formed on the lengths of piping as described, or be
separately cast or formed and jointed to the lengths of piping.
.
The ventilating appliances A, B, may also be utilised as an eye for a surface
drain by fitting them on the discharge pipe C in a hollowed stone or slab D¹ as
shown in figures 7 and 8, so that surface water may pass through the air
openings A² into the discharge pipe, and by this means the drains may also be
ventilated.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed; What Į
claim is,--
First. The ventilating appliances for soil pipes and discharge pipes generally,
arranged and combined substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Second. The arrangement in a soil pipe or waste discharge pipe of ventilating
appliances consisting of two lengths of piping fitting into each other, in or between
which an air inlet or grating is formed, substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
;
In Witness Whereof, I the said Harry Blair, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this twenty fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER C.E., Fel. Inst. P.A.
Of W. R. M. Thomson & Co
Patent Agents
Glasgow.
HARRY BLAIR (L.S.)