by inhaling
Year: 1888

page_text: I, EMIL FAHR, Secretary at the German Government Board of Health of Berlin,
N., Boyenstr 33, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This Invention relates to that class of apparatus (which are known as Inhalers) used
for conveying medicament into the human body by inhaling.
-
According to the researches of Valentin & Krieger it is shown that air inhaled
at a temperature of 10° C and air of +20° C are exhaled at a temperature of
+30° C & 39.9° C respectively without regard to the moisture contained therein,
but when expelled are completely saturated with moisture. The tension of the air at
the sea level according to Hoppe and others at a temperature of +20° C amounts
to about 17.39 millimetres mercury and at a temperature of +36.9° C to 46.44.
millimetres.
When air completely saturated with steam is breathed into the respiration organs
of a person having a temperature lower than that of the respiration organs which
have a temperature of about 37° some of the moisture contained in the air will be
extracted.
In order to convey evaporated medicament into the human body by inhaling, and
to deposit the same therein, it must be mixed with air of a temperature higher than
that of the human body, namely over 37° C the air must be completely saturated
with vapour and so inhaled.
In order to carry out the above system I use the apparatus shown in the accom-
panying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a side view of an inhaling apparatus according to this Invention.
Figure 2 a top view. Figure 3 a vertical cross section through the line X X Figure 2
and Figure 4 is a horizontal cross section of the same.
An apparatus according to my Invention consists of a round, or oval boiler a in
which is placed the round, or oval mixing vessel b, which is formed that it stands at a
certain distance from the side wall of the boiler a. The space between the two
boiler a and vessel b is closed at the top but can be filled with water through the
aperture a' in the top and run off at the cock a².
The water is warmed to a temperature of 50° C by means of the gas burner c, or
other suitable means under the boiler a. Between the bottom of the inner vessel b

page_text: and the boiler a a bent tube, or pipe d is placed, one end of which passes out through
the shell of the boiler a at d¹, while the other end is led into the vessel bat d².
Opposite the opening d² is a branch 62 let into the side of the vessel b, the vessel b
has a hinged cover or lid. The pipe 62 is for conducting the air (which is warmed in
the vessel b) to the patient through the tube h. The pipe be passes through a pipe a³
in the boiler a, between which there is an annular space. This space is kept warm
being in communication with the water in the boiler a, in this way the air is warmed
which is drawn from the vessel b. On the boiler a there are two sprays e, e, of usual
and known construction, the cistern e¹ of which are heated by gas, or a spirit flame.
The safety valves of these cisterns are led into the boiler a, the mouth pieces of the
sprays are conducted into the vessel b and lie over the suction pipes e. The suction
pipes are led into the well in the vessel b. The well is filled with the medium
(which it is desired to inhale) through the openings in the cover and after use run
off again by the pipe and cock. Medicament which has been evaporated in
another apparatus can also be led into the vessel 6 through the opening .
In order to ascertain the temperature and moisture of the air at any moment and so
adjust the burners under the boiler a and the cisterns e¹, the vessel is provided
with two thermometers ff. The thermometer tells the temperature of the air and
the therinometer f¹ whose bulb is surrounded with gauge and rests in the box y
which contains water and so keeps continually moist according to the moisture of the
air and steam and so the moisture of the mixture can be ascertained.
In order that the thermometer should register correctly there is a small fan i in
the vessel b which is driven by clockwork on the cover (Figures 1 and 2) which
brings the air in contact with the bulb of the thermometer f
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-On the pipe 6 is fastened an india
rubber tube h, the free end of which the patient places in his mouth.
The patient
draws at each breath a portion of the air in from the vessel which is replaced by
dried air from the spiral tubo d which enters at d¹ from the outside and passes at d²
into the vessel while the two sprays work continually and thus keep the entering
air moist with and charged with the medicament.
The air entering the tubo d can be passed through a holder
containing chloride
of calcium when it is desirable, or necessary to filter it from moisture and warmth
and to clear it.
In the case that only gaseous medicament is used, then only is vapour added to the
same in the vessel b by the spray pipes e e.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of iny said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what
I claim is
First. Apparatus for inhaling purposes constructed and operating as, or substantially
as set forth.
Second. In apparatus of the type herein described, a water boiler and a mixing
vessel in combination with a spraying device, a delivery pipe and an air inlet pipe,
the parts being arranged in such a manner that air enters the air supply pipe, is
warmed therein, and passes into the mixing vessel, wherein it is saturated with
vapour of water and the desired medicament, and finally drawn off through the delivery
pipe, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1888.