IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED AND RECORDING THE MOVEMENTS OF SHAFTS AND OTHER BODIES HAVING REVOLVING OR RECIPRO- CATING MOTION, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Faija, of Great Queen Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED AND RECORDING THE
MOVEMENTS OF SHAFTS AND OTHER BODIES HAVING REVOLVING OR RECIPRO-
CATING MOTION, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Senled the 29th November 1878, and dated the 3rd September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Faija at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1878.
HENRY FAIJA, of Great Queen Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
THE SPEED AND RECORDING THE MOVEMENTS OF SHAFTS AND OTHER BODIES
HAVING REVOLVING OR RECIPROCATING MOTION, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
My Invention has reference mainly to instruments in which a finger or pointer
is by clockwork caused to move over a dial, and is governed by suitable mechanism
operated directly from the shaft or body whose movements it is required to show,
so that when the instrument is in uso the finger or pointer when at rest is always
in a position over the dial, corresponding to the time occupied by the said shaft or
body in inaking its last completed movement or series of movements. The number
of revolutions or movements is recorded by suitablo counting or registering
mechanisın.
In one arrangement a lever (herein-after called the main lever) to which reci-
procating radial notion is imparted from the object, whose movements are to be
indicated carries a part, whereby a suitable counter or register is actuated and the
indicator is governed. This main lever also effects the winding of the clockwork
as follows: On the main lever is arranged a pawl, capable of working into a

page_text: ratchet wheel fixed on the barrel arbor, thus at each double stroke of the said lever
when the pawl is in gear with the ratchet wheel the latter is partially rotated;
when the ratchet wheel has completed a rotation a moveable part or stop on that
wheel moves the pawl out of gear, and so it remains until a stud or projection fixed
on the barrel has travelled round and reloased the pawl.
In another arrangement the part which operates the counter or register and
governs the indicator has a reciprocating sliding movement, and is automatically
connected and disconnected as required with the winding-up lever, which for this
purpose is a compound lever whose length may be automatically reduced or
extended. When the clockwork requires winding a stud or projection on the
barrel releases one part of the compound lever, which thereupon extends into gear
with the reciprocating sliding part above mentioned, and then the winding of the
clockwork goes on simultaneously with the counting or registering and governing
of the indicator.
In another arrangement the intermittent movement required to work the counter
or register and govern the indicator is given by an incline or inclines on a revolving
shaft, which shaft through suitablo gear also winds the clockwork, such winding
mechanism being thrown in and out of gear with the clockwork by a lever moving
a shifting pinion or wheel, and itself operated upon by studs or projections on the
barrel and its arbor.
This last-described method of winding up may be used in conjunction with other
arrangements for operating the counter or register and governing the indicator.
As is obvious, apparatus of various forms may be constructed to operate on the
principle of my Invention, and my improved arrangements for keeping clock work
automatically wound up may be applied in other cases where it may be required
to keep clockwork so wound.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Faija in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd March
1879.
HENRY FAIJA, of Great Queen Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
THE SPEED AND RECORDING THE MOVEMENTS OF SHAFTS AND OTHER BODIES
HAVING REVOLVING OR RECIPROCATING MOTION, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
My Invention has roference mainly to instruments in which a finger or pointer
is by clockwork caused to move over a dial, and is governed by suitable mechanism
operated directly from the shaft or body whose inovemonts it is required to shew,
so that when the instrument is in use the finger or pointer when at rest is always
in a position over the dial, corresponding to the time occupied by the said shaft or
body in making its last completed movement or series of movements. The
number of revolutions or moveinents is recorded by suitable counting or registering
mechanism.
In one arrangement a lever (herein-after called the main lever) to which reci-
procating radial motion is imparted from the object whose movements are to be
indicated, carries a part whereby a suitable counter or register is actuated and the
indicator is governed. This main lever also effects the winding of the clockwork
as follows: On the main lever is arranged a pawl, capable of working into a
ratchet wheel fixed on the barrel arbor, thus at oach double stroke of the said lever
when the pawl is in gear with the ratchet wheel the latter is partially rotated;
when the ratchet wheel has completed a rotation a inoveable part or stop on that
wheel inoves the pawl out of gear, and so it remains until a stud or projection fixed
on the barrel has travelled round and released the pawl.
In another arrangement the part which operates the counter or register and
governs the indicator has a reciprocating sliding movement, and is automatically
connected and disconnected as required with the winding-up lever, which for this
purpose is a compound lever, whose length may be automatically reduced or
extended. When the clockwork requires winding a stud or projection on the
barrel releases one part of the compound lever, which thereupon extends into gear
with the reciprocating sliding part above mentioned, and then the winding of the
clockwork goes on simultaneously with the counting or registering and governing
of the indicator.
In another arrangement intermittent movement to work the counter or register
and govern the indicator is given by an incline or inclines on a revolving shaft,
which shaft through suitable gear also winds the clockwork, such winding
mechanisin being thrown in and out of gear with the clockwork by a lever moving
a shifting pinion or wheel, and itself operated upon by studs or projections on tho
barrel and its arbor.
This last-described method of winding up may be used in conjunction with other
arrangements for operating the counter or register and governing the indicator.
As is obvious, apparatus of various forins may be constructed to operate on the
principle of my Invention, and my improved arrangements for keeping clockwork
automatically wound up may be applied in other cases where it may be required to
keep clockwork so wound.
I would remark that the principle on which the operation of my improved
indicator is based is, that if an engine or other moving body takes, say, half a
minute to make one revolution or other specified movement, it follows that revo-
lution or movement is at the rate of two per minute; if it takes, say, one-twentieth
part of a minute to inake the revolution or movement, it follows the revolution or
movement is at the rate of twenty per minute, and so on.

page_text: As will herein-after more fully appear I do not always arrange the instrument
to indicate each revolution or movement, it may indicate at the termination of a
series of revolutions or movements. For examples, the instrument herein-after
described with reference to Fig. 3 is designed to indicate at the termination of each
series of five revolutions or movements made by the engine or moving part to
which the instrument is attached, and the instrument, herein-after described with
reference to Fig. 33, is designed to indicate at the termination of each revolution
or movement made by the engine or moving body to which the instrument is
attached.
It will be seen that the position in Fig. 33, representing two revolutions or
movements per minute, corresponds to that which in Fig. 3 represents 10 revo-
lutions or movements per minute, and, in fact, that every position in Fig. 33 is in
Fig. 3 multiplied by five, thus increasing the space between the divisions and
rendering the dial or face plate more legible.
In the case of very high speeds it may often be advisable to indicate only at the
termination of each series of ten, twenty, or even one hundred revolutions or
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 10, 17, 18, 31, and 32 illustrate an instrument
in which a lever to which reciprocating radial motion is imparted froin the object
whose movements are to be indicated, carries a part whereby a suitable counter or
register is actuated and the indicator is governed. The said lever also effects the
winding of the clockwork.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the instrument with the counting mechanism
removed, to shew more clearly the herein-after described three discs on the clock
arbor.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the instrument with the dial and case removed, shewing the
general arrangement of levers, counter, and winding mechanism.
Fig. 3 is a plan or front view of the instrument, and Fig. 3× is a detached
sectional view, shewing the arbor I and wheels thereon.
Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively an upper and a lower view of the plate, disc, or
wheel 6, with stud 12, spring and upright 10, and zero point 11, herein more
particularly referred to.
Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively similar views of the plate disc or wheel 5, with
stud 8, spring and upright 10, and zero point 11, herein more particularly referred
to; and Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively similar views of the plate, disc, or
wheel 4.
Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, are diagrams illustrative of various positions of the studs of
the wheels, discs, or plates at different periods of the indication.
1 is one arbor of a clock (shewn between the plates 2 and 3), which arbor in
this arrangement is caused to make one revolution in each minute; on this arbor
are arranged three discs, plates, or wheels, numbered respectively 4, 5, and 6. By
means of the pin 7 which goes through the arbor 1, and works in the slot in the
lower part of the wheel 4, that wheel is always carried round with the arbor, but
by reason of the slots is capable of an independent movement along the arbor; the
face of the wheel 4 has contrite teeth, which when necessary connect that wheel
with wheel 5, wheel 5 having on its under side a soft pad or friction surface, which
may be of vulcanized india-rubber or leather. Wheel has a pin or stud 8 on its
surface, and a hair spring 9 fixed to it and to the upright 10 (see Figs. 8 and 9),
this spring acts in the reverse direction to the movement of the clock arbor, and
consequently when the wheel 5 is not in contact with wheel 4 it keeps the stud 8
against the stud or zero point 11 on the upright 10. Wheel 6 bas
similar pin or
stud 12 fixed to its face, which in certain conditions is in contact with the pin or
stud on wheel 5; it has also a hair spring 13 fixed to it and to the upright 10 (see
Figs. 6 and 7), acting in a similar manner to the spring on wheel 5. This wheel

page_text: has ratchet teeth cut in its periphery, the teeth slanting in the opposite direction to
the movement of the clock arbor, indicated by the arrow 40 in Fig. 2. On the boss
of wheel 6 is fixed the hand or pointor 14 so as to novo thorowith. 15 is a lever,
having its fulcrum at 16, and having at its end an incline 17, which at intervals,
herein-after mentioned, is acted upon in such a manner as to cause the lover to
draw wheel 4 (which the intermediato portion of the lever partially ombraces)
along the clock arbor 1. 18 is a spring, constantly pressing lever 15, and with it
whool 4, towards wheel 5; 19 is a lover, having its fulcrum at 21; 20 is a friction
pieco, it may bo of vulcanised india-rubber or leather, which is fixed on lever 19,
and at times acts on the ratchet teeth of whool 6; 22 is an incline on the end of
lever 19, which at certain times is acted upon as heroin-after described. By n
spring 23 the friction picco 20 is caused to norinally press against the serrated
periphery of wheel G. 24 is a counterpoise to the weight of the lover 19. 25 is
the inain lever, which by means of a rod 26 working through a stuffing box 27 in
the case (Fig. 3) is connected directly to the engine, shafting, or machinery, the
speed of which it is required to know. In this arrangement to accommodate the
clock-winding mechanism the main lever 25 has its fulcrum on the barrel arbor 28
of the clock. 29 is a stud which forms a stop to limit the movements of the lever;
this stud is fixed to plate 2, and projects through a slot in the lever. 30 is a spring,
fixed at 30%, acting on a roller 31 carried by lover 25, which spring acting in tho
reverso direction to the pull from the machinery to which tho instrument is attached
keeps the main lever 25 normally in the position shown in Fig. 2. To the main
lever 25 is attached a pawl or catch 32, acting on the ratchet wheel 33.
34 is a
spring which keeps tho pawl or catch 32 against the touth of wheel 33. The ratchet
wheel 33 has ten teeth, and forined with or attached to it is a wheel 35, having ten
studs 36 on it; in Fig. 1 two only of these studs are shewn. The ratchet wheel
and stud wheel work on a spindle 37x, and by the spring and washer 38 (Fig. 1)
are retained in the position to which they are moved by the pawl or catch 32. To
the ratchet wheel 33 is fixed an arm 39, which actuates the counter or register in
the manner herein-after described.
Tho action of the instrument is as follows:-The pull 26 being attached to tho
engine or machinery, the speed of which it is required to know, actuates at each
revolution, stroke, or movement, as the case may be, of that engine or machinery
the main lever 25. This lever by means of the pawl or catch 32, and the ratchet
whool 33, moves the stud wheel 35 round one-tenth of a circle for each double
stroke of the lever 25, bringing a stud into the position previously occupied by the
stud next in advance. For instance, referring to Fig. 2, stud 36 has just been
moved into the position occupied by stud 36.; I will assume this has been the first
inoveinent, the instrument having been started with the hand or pointer at zero
36. has in its movement actuated the inclines 17 and 22 of the two lovers 15 and 19
in such a way as to adjust and fix the pointer or hand 14 in a position on the dial
or face plate corresponding with the time taken by the engine or machinery in
completing the last revolution or movement.
Normally when the instrument is at rest the hand or pointer 14 is at zero on the
dial or face plate, the three discs or wheels 4, 5, and 6 being in contact or connection,
that is to say, the wheel 4 is pressed by means of the spring 18 on the side of lever 15
so that the contrite teeth on its surface are embedded in the soft friction surface or
pad on the surface of wheel 5, and the stud 8 on wheel 5 is in contact with stud 12
of wheel 6, and that stud on the reverse side of the zero point 11; this position is
shown in diagram, Fig. 12. Both the hair springs 9 and 13 are now in their
greatest tension, and the friction piece or brake 20 on the lever 19 is against the
periphery of wheel 6. Each stud in moving from 36 to 36 first comes in contact
with the incline 22 of the lever 19, and inoves that lover so as to remove the
friction piece 20 from the periphery of wheel G. When the stud has passed the
incline 22 the lever 19 is returned by the action of the spring 23, and the friction
piece replaced against the periphery of wheel G. The stud under notice as it proceeds
presses on the incline 17 of lever 15, and thereby presses wheel 4 along the clock

page_text: arbor 1, thus removing that wheel from contact with wheel 5. Wheel 5 thus
released is drawn completely round by the action of the hair spring 9, until the
stud 8 touches the zero point 11 on the opposite side to that whence it started (see
Fig. 13). The stud 36 in question having passed the incline 17 the lever 15 is
(with wheel 4) returned towards wheel 5 by the spring 18, and contact between the
wheels 4 and 5 is again established. This position corresponds to the termination
of one revolution or movement of the engine or machinery to which the instrument
is attached, and the commencement of another.
The clock arbor moving in the direction shown by the arrow 40 (Fig. 2), and
the wheels 4 and 5 being in contact, the two wheels are carried round together in
that direction until the termination of the next revolution or movement of the
engine or machinery to which the instrument is attached, when by the same action
of the main lover 25, as previously described, the stud wheel 35 is again moved
forward one tenth of a circle, and the stud for the time being at 36% to the
position 36, actuating in its progress the two lovers 19 and 15, as previously
described; but in this, the second movement, the wheel 6 being no longer held
by its stud 12, being in contact with stud 8 of wheel 5, will, on being relieved
of the pressure of the friction piece 20, be drawn back by its hair spring 13 until
its stud 12 comes in contact with stud 8 of pulley 5, as shown in diagram,
Fig. 14. Wheel 5 then falls back, as previously described, until its stud 8 comes in
contact with the zero point 11, as shown in diagram, Fig. 15. This corresponds to
the termination of one revolution or movement and the commencement of another.
The action of all successive revolutions is similar. Wheel 5 moving from a position
in which its stud is against the zero point 11 to another position, which latter
corresponds to the time occupied in the completion of each successive revolution or
movement, or series of revolutions or movements, of the engine or machinery to
which the instrument is attached. The wheel 4 continually moving round with
the clock arbor, but at the termination of each revolution or movement being
temporarily released from contact with wheel 5, allowing that wheel to fall back
until its stud 8 is against the zero point 11, when the contact between wheels 4
and is again effected, and wheel 4 carries wheel 5 round with it; wheel 6 being
always during each revolution held by the friction piece 20 acting on its periphery,
and at the completion of each revolution or movement, or series of revolutions or
movements, adjusting its position by means of its stud 12 falling against stud 8 of
wheel 5.
When indicating only at the termination of a series of revolutions or movements
I simply remove some of the studs 36 from the stud wheel 35. Thus if I remove
all studs but one it is evident that the indication will only take place at the com-
pletion of every ten revolutions or movements of the engine or machinery to which
the instrument is attached. If I place two studs in the wheol at opposite sides
of the axis, it is equally evident that the indication will be at the completion of
each series of five revolutions or movements. If I wish to indicate only at the com-
pletion of a series of twenty or more revolutions or movements I adopt a similar
arrangement of stud wheel, but I then in place of wheel 33 use a ratchet wheel
having twenty or other the number of teeth in it which I may require; but it is
often desirable when the indication is only required at the complotion of a series of
one hundred revolutions or movements to place my stud wheel 36 on the hundred
wheel 41 of the counter or register, leaving the ratchet wheel 33 as it is shown in
this arrangement, Fig. 2.
The counter or register I have arranged as shewn in plan in Fig. 2, and also
Imore clearly in Fig. 31, and in elevation and section in Fig. 32. It consists of a
series of wheels having ten teeth each; these wheels do not gear into each other,
but each in its turn is caused to move one tenth of a circle by means of a longer
tooth or catch fixed to the preceding wheel. The long tooth 39 is fixed to the
ratchet wheel 33, and once in each revolution gears into wheel 4! and moves that
wheel the tenth of a revolution; in like manner the long tooth 45 on wheel 41
comes into gear with wheel 42 once in each revolution of wheel 41, moving wheel 42

page_text: the tenth of a revolution, as is usual in counter mechanisın. Obviously in the same
manner any number of wheels may be put into communication, according to the
total which the instrument is required to register. The ratchet wheel 33 having
ten teeth and completing a revolution at each tenth stroke of the main lover 25,
it is evident that a dial fixed on it would represent the unit numbor of the revo-
lutions or movements made by the engine or machinery to which tho instrument
was attached, and as oach time it completes a circle it moves wheel 41 round one
tenth of a circle; it is evident that a dial fixed to wheel 41 would represent tho
tens, similarly a dial 42 would represent hundreds, and so on.
The registers or counters as shewn in the front viows of the instrument in Figs. 3
and 33 exemplify this; in Fig. 3 the register is at sixty-two thousand, nino
hundred, and thirty-one; and in Fig. 33 at five million, one hundred and eighty-
seven thousand, two hundred and ninety-three.
In all cases I make the ratchet wheel 33 which governs the action of the indi-
cator also carry the unit wheel of the counter or register, as by that arrangement
I secure the perfect coincidence of the two mechanisms; and if to suit the indicator
it is necessary to have more than ten teeth in the ratchet whool 33 I always have
a multiple of ten, as for instance 20, 30, 40, and so on, in which caso I put either
2, 3, or 4 long teeth to it in order that at each tenth revolution or inovement
recorded, the wheel 41 may be moved one tenth part of a circle. In the caso of
the ratchet wheel having more than ten teeth the unit dial fixed to it would
evidently not be figured as the dial in Fig. 31; for instance, if the ratchet wheel 33
had 20 teeth the dial would be figured with two complete sets of numerals, as shown
in Fig. 34.
If tho ratchet wheel 33 had 40 teeth in it the dial would of necessity
require four complete sets of numerals, and so on.
In the elevation of the counter or register, Fig. 32, wheel 44 is in section, showing
the spindle 50 on which it revolves, and the spring 51, which retains it in its
position.
The arrangement of the winding mechanisin, which is a characteristic feature of
my Invention, is clearly shown in the detached views, Figs. 16, 17, and 18, Fig. 16
being an elevation; Fig. 17, a plan showing the winding mechanism in gear and in
action; and Fig. 18, a plan shewing it out of gear.
On the barrel arbor 28 of the clock is fixed a ratchet wheel 53, and on tho main
lever 25 is a pawl 54, which, when the clock requires winding, is caused to engage
with the ratchet wheel 53.
Between the ratchet wheel 53 and the barrel 95 working on the barrel arbor 28
is a stop 55, which is capable of moving between the pins 33 and 331 fixed in the
ratchet wheel 53, but is kept normally against the pin 33 by means of the spring 37.
On the barrel 95 of the clock is a stud or projection 58. A click 59 holds the
ratchet wheel 53 in the positions to which it is moved by the pawl 54.
clock spring unwinds it moves the barrel in the direction shown by the arrow 53x.
The winding is effected at the inner end of the spring by turning the arbor in
the same direction, as is usual in spring clocks.
As the
As shown in Fig. 18 the pawl 54 is disengaged from the ratchet whoel 53 and
bears against the stop 55. As the barrel revolves by the unwinding of the spring,
the stud or projection 58 on the barrel gradually moves until coming in contact
with the stop 55, it moves that stop against pin 33. releasing pawi 54, which then
again engages with ratchet wheel 53, as shewn in dotted lines (Fig. 18), and by
the movements of the main lever 25 will be caused to wind the clock, as shown in
Fig. 17, where the clock is partially wound. The stop 55 being held between the
pins 33 and 33. of the winding up ratchet wheel 53 gradually travels round with
that whoel until when the ratchet wheel 53 has made a complete circle, and the
mainspring of the clock has been wound one turn. The stop 55 again intervenes
between the paw! 54 and the winding-up ratchet wheel 53, and prevents the clock
being further wound until such time as the stud or projection 58 on the barrel
again works round and pushes the stop 55 forward.

page_text: Figs. 4, 4, 5, and 5*, show a modified arrangement of the three discs, plates, or
wheels 4, 5, and 6.
In this arrangement the three wheels have precisely the same action as previously
described, but a different arrangement is employed for carrying wheel 4 round with
the clock arbor 1, and also of connecting that wheel or disc to wheel 5. On the clock
arbor is fixed a circular plate or disc 42*, having three holes in it, and to wheel 4
are fixed three pins or guides 4tx, corresponding in their positions and sizes with
the three holes in the arbor plate 42x, the spring 45× working between the arbor
plate 42* and the side of wheel 4, koops that wheel in contact with wheel 5.
Lever 15 fits loosely in the groove of wheel 4, and has on its surface furthermost
from wheel 5 two round studs 46*. Normally the lover 15 is pressed in the
direction of wheel 5 by a spring 18. A guide 47* with an adjustable nut 48 working
in the slot 50 retains the lever 15 in such position that in working it is entirely
free from contact with wheel +, and only touches that wheel by means of the two
round studs 46* at the tormination of each revolution or movement mado by the
engine or machinory to which the instrument is attached. By this arrangement
of spring, lover, and guide, friction and pressuro are removed from the clock
arbor.
Instead of having contrite teeth on the wheel 4 to press into the pad of wheel 5,
there are in the present modification three sharp points 49x, which I find are
quicker in action than the contrite teeth.
Fig. 5 is a part plan of lever 15, the incline 17 being removed, as is also tho
caso in Fig. 4.
Figs. 19, 20, and 21, represent an arrangement of winding apparatus wherein
the part which operates the countor or register and governs the indicator has a
reciprocating sliding movement, and is automatically connected and disconnected
as required with the winding-up lever, which, for this purpose, is a compound
lever, whose length may be automatically reduced or extended.
When the clock requires winding a stud or projection on the barrel releases one
part of the compound lever, which thereupon extends into gear with the recipro-
cating sliding part above mentioned, and tbon the winding of the clockwork
goes on simultaneously with the counting or registering and governing of the
indicator.
Fig. 19 is an elevation of the apparatus.
Fig. 20, a plan showing the winding mechanism in gear.
And Fig. 21, a plan shewing it out of gear.
The action of tho indicator and the counter or register is governed by a sliding
bar 56, carrying the pawl or catch 32, working the ratchet wheel 33, which perforius
the same function, and by the same means as described with reference to the ratchet
wheel 33 in previous Figures.
61 and 62 shew the compound lever, which, when extended, reaches beyond the
projection 60 on the sliding bar 56, and is consequently carried to and fro by the
action of that bar (Fig. 20). When shortened by the moving back of the part 62
on the part 61, the levor is clear of the projection 60 on the sliding bar, and con-
sequently is at rest (Fig. 21).
The part 61 has its contre or fulcrum at the barrel arbor 28 of the clock, and
the moveable or lengthening arın 62 is slotted and fixed to the part 61 by studs, as
shewn at 63.
The part 62 has a spring 64 tixed to it, which, bearing against the end of part 61,
tends to push 62 forward, thus longthening the lever, as shewn (Fig. 20).
To part 62 is also fixed a pallet or catch 65, which, when part 62 is moved back,
fall into a notch at 66 in the part 61, and thus keeps the compound lever shortened.
To the part 62 is fixed a slope or incline 67.
The part 61 carries a catch or pawl 68, which operates the ratchet wheel 53,
which, as in the previous arrangement, is keyed on to the barrel arbor 28. The
click 59 simply holds the ratchet wheel as the spring is inoved, and the spring 68
pushes the compound lever towards the part 60, as shewn in Fig. 20.

page_text: To one side of tho ratchet wheel is fixed a pin 70, which at certain times, to be
herein-after explained, works against the incline 67. 58 is a stud or projoction
fixed to the clock barrel 95, as in the arrangement previously described. The barrel
travels in the direction of the arrow 53*, and the action of winding is accomplished
as in the preceding arrangement.
The sliding bar 56, by the action of the machinery to which the instrument is
attached, is continually working to and fro, consequently whon the compound lever
of the winding mechanisin projects beyond the projection 60 the lever is worked to
and fro with it, and by means of the pawl 68 operating the ratchet whool 53 tho
clock is gradually wound.
The pin 70 being fixed to ratchet wheel 53 gradually travels round until it
arrives against the incline 67, as shown in Fig. 20. In the next stroko of the
compound lover towards the stop 71 the incline 67, working against the pin 70,
draws back the part 62 of the compound lever, and the pillet or catch 65 entering
the notch at 66 of the part 61 locks the part 62 clear of 60, leaving the lever at rest
against the stop 71, as shown in Fig. 21.
As the clock unwinds, the stud 58 on the spring barrel will gradually travel round
until, by pressing against the tail end of the pallet or catch 65, it releases tho part
62 of the compound lever, which will be thereupon moved outwards by the spring 64,
so as to be operated by the next movement in the direction of the arrow 60x,
Fig. 21, of the projection 60 cr slide 56, and so on.
Figs. 22 and 23 shew an arrangement of winding apparatus, wherein intermittent
movement to work the counter or register and govern the indicator is given by an
incline on a revolving shaft, which shaft through suitable gear also winds the clock-
work, such winding mechanism being thrown in and out of gear with the clockwork
by a lever moving a shifting pinion or wheel, and itself operated upon by studs or
projections on the barrel and its arbor.
Fig. 22 is a part elevation, and Fig. 23 a plan (the holding ratchet wheel and
cick being removed).
Figs. 27, 28, and 29 are diagrams explanatory of the action of putting this
arrangement of winding mechanism in and out of gear; and Fig. 23x is a perspec-
tive view of the driving shaft 73, and incline and flat 74 and 75.
Tho stud wheel 35 has teeth of the form shown in Fig. 23, and is driven by the
incline or screw 74 on the shaft 73, which by the pulloy 72 is continuously rotated
from the engine or machinery to which the instrument is attached.
The length of the incline or screw determines the comparative length of move-
ment and the length of time between the intermittent forward movements of the
stud wheel 35, and may therefore be varied according to circuinstances and requiro-
ments.
Where the screw ends, 74º, I put a plate 75 at right angles with the axis of the
shaft or spindle 73 (see diagram, Fig. 23*).
The action on the stud wheel is as follows:-The incline or screw 74 as it revolves
presses against the portion of the tooth 76 of the stud wheel 35, and pushes that
wheel in the direction of the arrow, but when the shaft 73 has made a certain
portion of a revolution the plate 76 presses against the flat part 77 of the tooth,
and holds the wheel in that position until the screw or incline 74 comes in contact
with the next tooth, and the wheel 35 is again moved partly round, thus actuating
the indicator and counter, as previously described.
On the stud wheel 35 is fixed a friction surface 79; the pinion 80, which has on
its side a friction surface 81, is free to rotate on the spindle 78. 82 is a lever
(having its fulcrum at 82×), one end of which is forked, and works in a groove in
the pinion 80. 88 is a spring pressing against the lever 80, and keeps the friction
surfaces 79 and 81 normally apart; but at certain times, as horein-after explained,
the lever 82 is caused to move the friction surface 81 into contact with that 79.
It is evident that so long as the friction surfaces 79 and 81 are apart the loose

page_text: pinion 80 is at rest, and that when they are in contact the pinion 80 will be carried
round with the stud wheel 35.
The friction surfaces may be of vulcanized india-rubber or loathor.
From the pinion 80 to the wheel 83, which is keyed on to the barrol arbor 28 of
the clock, is arranged a train of wheels suitable to the required purpose. (In the
Drawings, but one intermediate wheel and pinion are shown.) On the wheel 83 is
fixed a pin 84, and to the barrel 95 of the clock is fixed an incline 85.
On the clock plate 2 is a catch 86, which is formed with a shoulder at 86×,
which is kept normally against the clock plate 2 by the spring 87 (see Fig. 27).
The click 59 and the ratchet wheel 59' merely keep the barrel arbor in the
position as placed by the winding mechanism. As the clock unwinds, the barrel 95
moves in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 23.
When the clock requires winding tho incline 85 on the barrel presses the end of
lever 82 to the position shewn in Fig. 27. In diagram, Fig. 28, 85 is shown in the
position it would occupy immediately before pressing on lever 82, and thus the two
friction surfaces 79 and 81 are brought into contact, and the winding of the clock
commences, the first result of which is that the pin 84 moves beyond the catch 86,
and that catch springs forward and holds the lever 82 in the position in which it
has been placed by the incline 85, as shewn in Fig. 27.
As the action of winding is very slow the inclino 85 will pass beyond the lever 82
before the action of winding is completed. 84 is a pin fixed to the winding wheel 83,
which moves round in the direction of the arrow last referred to, and when it has
nearly completed the circle it comes against the top of catch 86, as shewn in Fig. 29,
which it presses backwards until that catch is clear of the lever 82, when tho
lever 82, by the action of the spring 88, flies up, and tho contact between the friction
surfaces 79 and 81 is removed, when the action of winding ceases, the winding
mechanism remains in the position shewn by the dotted lines in diagram, Fig. 29,
until such time as the incline 85 on the barrel has again, by the unwinding of the
clock, moved round, and by the same action as previously described again brings
the friction surfaces 79 and 81 into contact, and the operation of winding is again
effected.
Figs. 24, 25, and 26 represent a modification of the foregoing arrangement, in
which instead of there being teeth 76 in the stud wheel 35 pins 89 are substituted,
the incline or screw and plate 74 and 75 on the shaft 73 turning the wheel 35 by
working against the said pins 89.
Fig. 24 is an elevation and Fig. 25 a plan, in which the plate 75 is on the point
of leaving one pin, and the incline or screw 74 of commencing its action on the
next pin.
In this arrangement the pins 89 may also serve as the studs for acting on the
inechanism of the indicator. A pinion 80 is fixed to the stud wheel arbor 78. On
the spindle 92 is a loose pinion 91 in gear with the wheel 83. The pinion 91
carries one part 94 of a clutch, of which the other part 93 is connected to and turns
with the wheel 90. The pinion part 91 of the clutch is moved in and out of gear
with the other part 93 by the lever 82, substantially as described in reference to
the friction clutch 81, 79, in the provious arrangomont.
Figs. 35 and 36 show an arrangement by which more than one coil of the clock
spring or rope may be used. On the barrel 95 is fixed the pinion 96, and on the
barrel arbor 28 is fixed the pinion 97. On a spindlo 92 is fixed a wheel 98 which
works into and drives the pinion 97. Another wheel 99 looso on the spindle 92
gears into and is driven by the pinion 96.
To the wheel 99 is fixed the incline or stud described in the provious arrange-
ments for connecting the winding mechanism; and to the wheel 98 is fixed the
stud or stop described in the previous arrangements for disconnecting the winding
mechanism.
It is evident that the proportion between the wheel 99 and the pinion 96 which

page_text: is fixed on the clock barrel will determine the number of coils of the spring or
ropo which will be used.
Wheels 98 and 99 must of necessity bear respectively similar proportions to
pinions 97 and 96.
In this arrangement the winding mechanism is shown driven by a worm, and
wheel, and is not shown in connection with the indicator mechanism; but obviously
any of the arrangements for winding the clock may be used independently from
the indicator and counter mechanisin, and any of the means described for putting
the winding mechanism in motion may be substituted one for the other, or other
mechanism may be employed for that purposo.
Figs. 37 to 43 inclusive shew an arrangement adapted to a clock which is driven
by a weight, and is substantially the same as the method described with reference
to Figs. 22 and 23.
Figs. 37 and 38 are side elevations of the governing barrel of a clock with the
winding mechanisin attached.
Fig. 39 is a view of the winding mechanism, and Figs. 40 to 43 inclusive are
diagrains descriptive of its action.
There is however this difference between the movement of the clock barrel when
driven by a spring and when driven by a weight; in the former, the winding being
effected from the centre of the spring, the barrel always travels in the same
direction, but in the latter, the winding being effected by recoiling the rope on the
circumference of the barrel, the barrel moves in one direction while giving out the
power, and in the reverse direction when being wound; this necessitates a slight
variation in the form of the catch 86 and in the end of the lever 82.
On the end of the lever 82 are teeth, as shown in diagrams, Figs. 40 to 43, and
the catch 86 has teeth which fit into the teeth on the lever, so that by the catch 80
the lever 82 may be held in any position to which the incline 85 may have
moved it.
Fig. 40 shews the incline 85 on the barrel moving in the direction of the arrow,
and about to press on lever 82, and thus, as described with reference to previous
arrangements, put the winding mechanism in gear.
Fig. 41 shows the lever 82 held in the position to which it has been moved by
the incline 85, the movement of the said fever having put the winding mechanism
in gear, and the incline 85 on the barrel therefore about to move back in the
direction of the arrow.
Fig. 42 shows a position of the incline when the barrel has been nearly wound.
And Fig. 43 shews the base of the incline 85 pressing against the end of catch 86,
and which has consequently released the lever 82, allowing it to assume the position
indicated, and thus disconnects the winding mechanisın.
In this arrangement the winding spindle 100 is shown connected directly by
means of the pinion 102 and wheel 101 to the clock barrel.
Intermediate gear
may however be employed; the spindle 100 may be driven by means of a pulley
and strap, as indicated, or other suitable means, as will be readily understood.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to ne under the Letters
Patent herein-before in part recited is,―
1. The combination of parts constituting the improved instrument constructed,
arranged, and operating as herein-before described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3,
3*, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 31, 32, 33, and 34 of the accompanying Drawings (or modified
ns described with reference to Figs. 4, 4, 5, and 5*,) for indicating the speed and
recording the movements of shafts and other bodies having revolving or recipro-
cating motion.
2. The method, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figs. 16,
17, and 18 of the accompanying Drawings, of throwing winding mechanism in and
out of operation by the use of a moveable part or stop on the ratchet wheel (or
barrel arbor) in conjunction with a stud or projection on the clock barrel.

page_text: 3. The method, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figs. 19,
20, and 21 of the accompanying Drawings, of throwing winding mechanism in and
out of operation by the use of a compound lever, the length of which is auto-
matically changed as required.
4. The method, substantially as heroin-before described, of throwing winding
mechanism in and out of gear by the use of a lever and shifting pinion with clutch,
said lever being operated by studs or projections on the clock barrel and its arbor.
5. The arrangement of winding mechanism, substantially as shewn in and
described with reference to Figs. 22, 23, and 28* of the accompanying Drawings.
6. The arrangement of winding mechanism, substantially as herein-before
described with reference to Figs. 24, 25, and 26 of the accompanying Drawings.
7. The arrangement of winding mechanism, substantially as herein-before
described with reference to Figs. 35 and 36 of the accompanying Drawings.
8. The arrangement of winding mechanism, substantially as heroin-before
described with reference to Figs. 37 to 43 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Faija, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.