IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING ROCK OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Brydon, James Shepherd Davidson, both
of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland, and Thomas Alfred
Warrington, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR
CUTTING ROCK OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES.”
Sealed the 21st January 1878, and dated the 23rd November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Brydon, James
Shepherd Davidson, and Thomas Alfred Warrington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd
November 1872.
We, ROBERT BRYDON, JAMES SHEPHERD DAVIDSON, both of White-
haven, in the County of Cumberland, and THOMAS ALFRED WARRINGTON,
of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING ROCK OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
--
Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus of that class in
which the cutting or boring tool or drill is carried by a rod moved to

page_text: and fro by the action of steam or other fluid on the respective sides of
a suitable piston; and our Invention is designed to render such machines
more simple and efficient. in construction and operation, and less liable
to derangement than has heretofore been usual.
We construct our machine with a cylinder of two diameters, each
fitted with a suitable piston, the larger diameter and piston being at the
lower end of the cylinder through which the piston rod for holding the
cutting or boring tool or drill passes, thereby enabling the return stroke
to be made quickly, and compensating for the loss of piston area due to
the piston rod.
We actuate the slide valve of the cylinder directly from within the
cylinder between the steam ports and the two pistons, thereby dispensing
with the use of external valve rods, stuffing boxes, and other parts.
The cylinder is provided with two screws running parallel to it at its
sides carried by screwed nuts connected to a wrought-iron jacket pro- :
vided with a cross shaft, having suitable actuating handles and worms
taking into the said nuts for adjusting the position of the cylinder and
so feeding the drill.
The wrought-iron jacket is connected to the stand or main supporting
frame of the machine by means of a universal joint provided with a
screwed wedge, so contrived that by the turning of a single nut the
jacket may be securely fixed at any suitable angle to which it may have
been moved, or as readily released for fresh adjustment.
We dispense with the glands ordinarily used for preventing the escape
of the steam or other motive fluid from the cylinder by means of an :
internal ring or washer through which the piston rod passes, and between
which and the cylinder end suitable packing is interposed, the washer
or ring having suitable holes to allow the motive fluid to pass to the
packing.
My method of actuating the slide valve from within the cylinder 3
between the steam ports is applicable also to apparatus in which only.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd Davidson, and
Thomas Alfred Warrington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th May 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
BRYDON, JAMES SHEPHERD DAVIDSON, both of Whitehaven, in the County
of Cumberland, and THOMAS ALFRED WARRINGTON, of Lewisham, in the
County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd
Davidson, and Thomas Alfred Warrington, Her special licence, that we,
the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd Davidson, and Thomas Alfred
Warrington, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd Davidson, and Thomas
Alfred Warrington, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING,
BORING, OR CUTTING BOCK AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd
Davidson, and Thomas Alfred Warrington, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd
Davidson, and Thomas Alfred Warrington, do hereby declare the nature
of nut aid Invention and in what manunt the name is

page_text: to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and the accompanying Sheet of Drawings :—
Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus of that class in
which the cutting or boring tool or drill is carried by a rod moved to
and fro by the action of steam or other fluid on the respective sides of a 5
suitable piston; and our Invention is designed to render such machines
more simple and efficient in construction and operation, and less liable
to derangement than has heretofore been usual.
We construct our machine with a cylinder of two diameters, each
fitted with a suitable piston, the larger diameter and piston being at the 1
lower end of the cylinder through which the piston rod for holding the
cutting or boring tool or drill passes, thereby enabling the return stroke
to be made quickly, and compensating for the loss of piston area due to
the piston rod.
We actuate the slide valve of the cylinder directly from within the 1
cylinder between the steam ports and the two pistons, thereby dispensing
with the use of external valve rods, stuffing boxes, and other parts.
The cylinder is provided with two screws running parallel to it at its
sides, and carried by screwed nuts connected to a wrought-iron jacket
provided with a shaft having suitable actuating handles and worms 2
taking into the said nuts for adjusting the position of the cylinder and
so feeding the drill.
The wrought-iron jacket is connected to the stand or main supporting
frame of the machine by means of a universal joint provided with a
screwed wedge, so contrived, that by the turning of a single nut the 2
jacket may be securely fixed at any suitable angle to which it may have
been moved, or as readily released for fresh adjustment.
We dispense with the glands ordinarily used for preventing the escape
of the steam or other motive fluid from the cylinder by means of an
internal ring or washer through which the piston rod passes, and between 3
which and the cylinder end suitable packing is interposed, the washer or
ring having suitable holes to allow the motive fluid to pass to the
packing.
Our method of actuating the slide valve directly from within the
cylinder between the steam ports is applicable also to apparatus in 3
which only one piston is emploved.

page_text: reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which-
Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section of a machine con-
structed according to our Invention.
Fig. 2 is a tranverse section of the cylinder and other parts in the
line A, B, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation showing the top end of the cylinder;
and_
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section to an enlarged scale of the sliding bolt
arrangement for preventing the rotation of the piston rod and cutting
tool or drill during its forward stroke.
The cylinder a is made of two diameters, as shown in the Drawing,
the larger diameter a¹ being the lower end when the cylinder is in
working position; b, b¹, are the pistons, and are both attached to the
piston rod c, to the end c¹ of which the cutting tool or drill is attached
in the ordinary way; d is the valve chamber, within which works the
valve e; this valve e is actuated from within the cylinder through the
medium of the lever f, having its fulcrum at f¹ and formed with
branches f³, f³, as shown. This lever is moved by the pistons coming
in contact with its branches f³, f³. The Drawing shews the positions of
the parts when the return stroke has commenced, the larger diameter or
lower end a¹ of the cylinder being open to the steam, and the smaller
diameter or upper end being open to the exhaust. The slide valve e
will remain in its present position until the piston 6' comes in contact
with the branch f³, of the lever f, whereupon the position of that lever
and of the valve c will be reversed by the continued movement of the
piston 6', so that the upper end of the cylinder a will be opened to the
steam, and the lower end a² will be opened to the exhaust, and so on
alternately. The face of the piston 6¹ is formed or provided with ratchet
teeth, arranged annularly as shewn in Fig. 1, so that on coming in
contact with the branch fs of the lever f the point of the branch gearing
in between two of the teeth causes the piston 6' to partially rotate as it
advances, and thereby also rotates the piston rod and the cutting tool or
drill. This arrangement forms part of the subject-matter of our appli-
cation for Letters Patent No. 3921, dated Twenty-sixth of December, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.

page_text: We prevent the rotation of the piston rod and the cutting tool or drill
during its forward stroke by means of a sliding piece or bolt g curved at
one side, and forced forward by a spiral spring a contained in a suitable
tube i, as shown full size in Fig. 4. The tube i is screwed into the
cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2, between the two pistons, and the piston rod
is formed at this part with longitudinal grooves or channels, as shown
in Figs. 1 and 2, into one or other of which grooves or channels the end
of the sliding piece or bolt g is forced by its spiral spring, so that by
reason of the peculiar form of the end of the piece or bolt the piston rod
is prevented rotating in its forward or down stroke, but is left to rotate
during its return or upward stroke. This arrangement also forms part
of the subject-matter of our aforesaid application for Letters Patent,
No. 3921, dated Twenty-sixth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-two. The cylinder is formed or provided with lugs
or ears k at its respective ends, in which are secured the ends of the
screws 1, 1, running from end to end of the cylinder, one at each side of
it. These screws pass through brackets m, m³, and also through corre-
spondingly screwed n, formed with threads on their exteriors as shown.
The brackets m, m³, are attached to a wrought-iron jacket o formed with
bearings, in which works a cross shaft p, having suitable actuating
handles (one of which is shown in Fig. 3). The shaft p is provided with
two worms q, q³, gearing into the nuts n at the respective sides of the
jacket, so that by turning the shaft p the cylinder may be moved
endwise in either direction, as required for adjusting its position, and
feeding the cutting tool or drill. The universal joint arrangement for 2
connecting the wrought-iron jacket to the stand or main supporting
frame of the machine is shown in Fig. 1; r is a boss that works on a
suitable shaft carried by the stand or frame, and ¹ is a headed pivot
attached to the boss r. The pivot ¹ is slotted as shown to receive a
wedge s, and the boss is provided with a removable bearing plate or 3
tightening piece t, so that when the wedge s is tightened up by its nut s'
the wrought-iron jacket will be prevented from turning on the pivot l
by being tightly held between its head and the wedge 8, and the
boss r will in like manner be prevented from turning on the shaft u by
the friction of the plate or tightening piece t.
Fig. 5 is a central longitudinal vertical section of part of a single
piston machine, showing the application of our method of actuating the
slide valve from within the cylinder; and Fig. 6 is a transverse section
in the line C, D, of the foregoing.
8

page_text: In this case the cylinder is of one diameter throughout, and we
employ two levers or tappets f, f', having their falera within the re-
spective steam passages at f, f, and formed as shown in the Drawing,
for the purpose of moving the valve e when actuated by the piston b,
which is attached to the rod c and carries the cutting tool or drill as in
the double piston machine. The Drawing shows the position of the
parts when the return stroke has commenced, the lower end a¹ of the
cylinder being open to the steam and the upper end open to the exhaust.
The valve e will remain in its present position until the face b' of the
piston comes in contact with the branch f of the lever f, whereupon
that lever and the valve e will be moved over by the continued
movement of the piston, so that the upper end of the cylinder a will be
open to the steam and the lower end a¹ will be opened to the exhaust,
and so on alternately. The face 6º of the piston is formed or provided
with ratchet teeth as shown arranged annularly, so that on coming in
contact with the arm f³ of the lever the point of the arm gearing in
between the teeth will cause the piston partially to rotate as it advances.
We prevent the rotation of the piston rod during its forward stroke.
•
What we consider to be new and desire to secure by Letters Patent
is as follows:-
1. Constructing the machine with a cylinder of two different diameters
each fitted with a corresponding piston, the larger diameter being at the
lower end so as to enable the return stroke to be made quickly, and to
compensate for the loss of piston area due to the piston rod as above
described.
2. Actuating the valve directly from within the cylinder between the
steam ports, so as to dispense with external valve rods, stuffing boxes,
and other parts substantially as described.
3. The combination with the cylinder a and wrought-iron jacket o of
the screws 7, P, screwed nuts n, transverse shaft p, and worms q, q',
all arranged and operating together substantially as described for the
purposes specified.
4. The construction of the universal joint with a screwed wedge
substantially as described, so that by the turning of the nut n² the
jacket of the machine may be fixed at any angle or released as required.
5. The packing of the piston rod by means of the internal perforated
ring or washer and packing as described, thereby dispensing with the

page_text: glands ordinarily used and easing the piston rod on its return or up
stroke. -
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Brydon, James Shepherd
Davidson, and Thomas Alfred Warrington, have hereunto set our
hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our 5
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
ROBERT BRYDON.
JAMES SHEPHERD DAVIDSON.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)