IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN, SANITARY, AND OTHER PIPES, TILES, QUARRIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE FROM CLAY, MARL, AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Holland, of Oldbury, in the County of Wor-
cester, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN, SANITARY, AND OTHER PIPES, TILES,
QUARRIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE FROM CLAY,
MARL, AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 27th March 1863, and dated the 6th October 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Holland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1862.
I, SAMUEL HOLLAND, of Oldbury, in the County of Worcester, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI
NERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN, SANITARY, AND OTHER PIPES T LES,
QUARRIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE MADE FROM CLAY, MARL,
AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists essentially in forcing the column of clay through
dies for the manufacture of bricks, pipes, tiles, and other articles of like
manufacture by hydraulic pressure as herein-after described.
Machinery constructed according to my Invention is especially suited to be
worked by manual power, but can also be worked by steam or other power.
I will describe my Invention as arranged for the manufacture of pipes.
I support upon the frame of the machine a cylinder situated vertically. The

page_text: said cylinder is open at its bottom, and in the said cylinder a ram works, to
the bottom of which ram the forcing piston which forces the clay from the
clay chamber through the dies is connected. The chamber containing the
clay, and the dies through which the clay is to be forced is situated beneath
the cylinder, and in a line with the forcing piston connected with the
hydraulic ram. On the top of the cylinder is a stuffing box through
which the trunk piston of the ram works. The said said ram consists
of a disc of metal, to the top of which a cupped washer is affixed to
make it work water-tight in the cylinder. To the top of the said disc
the before mentioned trunk piston of the ram is bolted. A cistern or
reservoir containing water is placed at the side of the framing supporting the
said machinery, from which cistern or reservoir a pipe passes and opens into
the top of the cylinder. The lower end of this pipe is connected with a
series of forcing pumps situated in the said cistern or reservoir, the said
forcing pumps being actuated by a cranked shaft. The cranked shaft cau
either be worked by hand or by steam or other power. By working the
said forcing pumps water is forced into the cylinder, and made to act upon
the ram, and cause the said ram to descend in the cylinder; the forcing
piston connected with the ram is thereby made to enter the clay chamber
underneath it, and force the clay therein through the dies at the bottom of
the said chamber. A pipe opens into the cylinder near its bottom, and when
the ram has descended past the said pipe, by admitting air into the cylinder
the water in the said cylinder escapes down the said pipe to the cistern or
reservoir. The ram can then be raised in the cylinder, and forced down
again in the manner already described. The piston which acts upon the
column of clay when forced down is raised in the following manner :-One
side of the rod which connects the forcing piston to the ram has a rack
attached thereto, with which rack a pinion, on a horizontal shaft engages.
On the end of this horizontal shaft a toothed wheel is situated, which gears
with a pinion on the end of the cranked shaft, which pinion is loose on the
said shaft, and is put in motion by a sliding clutch. By working the said
cranked shaft when the clutch is thrown into gear the said rack is made to
ascend, and by the action of the said rack the bydraulic ram is brought to
the top of the cylinder. I prefer to make the chamber.containing the clay
and dies work on a tramway. When the clay has been forced from one
chamber it is removed by the said tramway, and a full one put in its place.
The machinery herein-before described is applicable to the manufacture of
bricks, tiles, and other articles by substituting for the pipe dies in the clay
chamber dies of the proper shape, and the said machinery may also be

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HOLLAND, of Oldbury, in the County of, Worcester, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Samuel Holland, Her special licence, that I, the said Samuel
Holland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Samuel Holland, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, DRAIN, SANITARY,
AND OTHER PIPES, TILES, QUARRIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE
MADE FROM CLAY, MARL, AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Holland, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Holland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists essentially in forcing the column of clay or other plastic
substance through dies for the manufacture of bricks, pipes, tiles, and other
articles of like manufacture by hydraulic pressure as herein-after described.
Machinery constructed according to my Invention is especially suited to be
worked by manual power, but can also be worked by steam or other power.

page_text: I will describe my Invention as arranged for the manufacture of pipes. I
support upon the frame of the machine a cylinder situated vertically. The
said cylinder is open at its bottom, and in the said cylinder a ram works, to
the bottom of which ram the forcing piston which forces the clay from the
clay chamber through the dies is connected. The chamber containing the
clay and the dies through which the clay is to be forced is situated beneath
the cylinder, and in a line with the forcing piston connected with the hydraulic
ram. On the top of the cylinder is a stuffing box through which the trunk
piston of the ram works. The said ram consists of a disc of metal, to the top
of which a cupped washer is affixed to make it work water-tight in the
cylinder. To the top of the said disc the before-mentioned trunk piston of
the ram is bolted. A cistern or reservoir containing water is placed at the
side of the framing supporting the said machinery, from which cistern or reser-
voir a pipe passes and opens into the top of the cylinder. The lower end of
this pipe is connected with a series of forcing pumps situated in the said
cistern or reservoir, the said forcing pumps being worked by a cranked shaft.
The cranked shaft can either be worked by hand, or by steam, or other power.
By working the said forcing pumps water is forced into the cylinder, and made
to act upon the ram, and cause the said ram to descend in the cylinder. The
forcing piston connected with the ram is thereby made to enter the clay
chamber underneath it, and force the clay therein through the dies at the
bottom of the said chamber. A pipe opens into the cylinder near its bottom,
and when the ram has descended past the said pipe, by admitting air into the
cylinder the water in the said cylinder escapes down the said pipe to the
cistern or reservoir. The ram can then be raised in the cylinder, and forced
down in the manner already described. The piston which acts upon the
column of clay when forced down is raised in the following manner :-One
side of the rod which connects the forcing piston to the ram has a rack
attached thereto, with which rack a pinion on a horizontal shaft engages. On
the end of this horizontal shaft a toothed wheel is situated, which gears with
a pinion on the end of the crank shaft, which pinion is loose on the said
shaft, and is put in motion by a sliding clutch. By working the said cranked
shaft when the clutch is thrown into gear, the said rack is made to ascend,
and by the action of the said rack the hydraulic ram is brought to the top of
the cylinder. I prefer to make the chamber containing the clay and dies
work on a tramway. When the clay has been forced from one chamber it is
removed by the said tramway, and a full one put in its place.
The machinery herein-before described is applicable to the manufacture of
bricks, tiles, and other articles by substituting for the pipe dies in the clay

page_text: chamber dies of the proper shape, and the said machinery may also be used
for compressing bricks or other articles after they have they have been
moulded.
Machines of the kind described may work either vertically or horizontally.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a machine arranged for the manu-
facture of pipes according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan of the same,
and Figure 3 is a vertical section (partly in elevation) of the same. The
same letters are employed to indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawing. Upon the framing a, a, of the machine the-hydraulic cylinder b
is supported, the said framing a, a, resting on the foundation or columns of
brickwork or masonry c, c.
The said cylinder b is open at bottom, and in
the said cylinder the ram d works (see Figure 3), the said ram consisting
of a disc of metal upon the upper surface of which a cupped leather washer d³
is affixed to make it work tightly in the cylinder b. Above and bolted to the
central stem of the said ram d is a trunk piston e, the said piston working in
the stuffing box f on the top of the cylinder b. A space is thereby left
between the top of the ram d and the bottom of the trunk piston e, into which
space the liquid is forced to work the ram as herein-after described. To the
under side of the ram d the forcing or clay piston g is connected by a rod h,
one side of which is made into a rack h² or has a rack attached to it. In a
line with the forcing or clay piston g is the portable clay chamber i, the said
chamber carrying at its bottom the pipe dies k. A cistern or reservoir con-
taining water is supported at the side of the machine, a pipe m in the said
cistern rising upwards and opening into the top of the hydraulic cylinder b.
The lower end of the pipe m is connected with a series of forcing pumps n, n, n,
situated in the said reservoir l. The pistons or plungers of the said pumps
are connected through connecting rods n³, n³, n³, to the cranked shaft 0,
said shaft working in bearings at p, a. The said shaft o can either be worked
by manual power by means of the winch q on its end, or by steam or other
power by a band from a prime mover working on the fast pulley of the fast
and loose pulleys r, s. A charged clay chamber i having been brought upon
the tramway t, t, under the forcing piston 9, the pumps n, n, n, are worked,
and water from the reservoir is forced through the pipe m into the top of the
cylinder b, the said water acting upon the upper surface of the ram d and
causing it to descend in the cylinder 6 with the necessary pressure. The
forcing or clay piston 9 at the same time enters and descends in the clay
the

page_text: chamber i and forces the column of clay therein through the dies k, k, and
thereby forms clay pipes which are divided into the proper lengths in the
usual way. The pipes or other articles as they are forced from the dies are
received upon a platform or upon an endless band by which they are removed.
A pipe u opens into the cylinder 6 near its bottom, and when the ram d has
descended past the said pipe u the water above the said ram escapes through
the said pipe to the cistern or reservoir l, and the said ram d and parts con-
nected with it come to rest. At the upper part of the cylinder 6 is an air
cock v by which cock air is admitted into the cylinder b, and the water allowed
to escape through the pipe u, the air above the ram also escaping by the
cock v, when the ram is raised. The ram a and parts connected therewith,
are raised in the following manner:-A horizontal shaft w carries a pinion
which gears with the teeth of the rack h². On one end of the said shaft w is
a toothed wheel y, which wheel y gears with a pinion on the cranked shaft o.
The pinion z is loose on the shaft o and is thrown into and out of gear with the
wheel
y by a sliding clutch. During the descent of the ram d, the said
pinion z is thrown out of gear with the wheel y. When however it is required
to raise the said ram d, and parts connected with it, the said pinion is thrown
into gear with the toothed wheel y, and by the motion of the cranked shaft o,
pinion z, toothed wheel y, and shaft w, the pinion x is made to raise the rack h
and forcing piston g, and bring the ram d to the top of the cylinder b, as repre-
sented in Figure 3. Or the shaft w may be worked by an independant crank.
The empty clay chamber i having been removed on the tramway t, t, another
charged clay chamber is put in its place. The pinion z is thrown out of
gear with the wheel y, the air cock v is closed, and the cranked shaft o set in
motion. The ram d and piston g are again made to descend, and the operations
already described are repeated. When bricks or other articles are to be made
by the machine, brick dies or other dies of the proper shape are substituted
for the pipe dies k, k, at the bottom of the clay chamber. The machine
represented may also be used for compressing bricks or other articles in dies
after the said bricks or articles have been moulded. Instead of making the
parts of the machine work vertically as represented in the Drawing, the motions
of the moving parts may be in a horizontal plane. In the latter case I prefer
to make the machine double acting, that is, I use one hydraulic cylinder
closed at both ends. The ram has two trunks, one on each side, the said
trunks passing out at opposite ends of the cylinder and acting alternately upon
the clay in two clay chambers.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit

page_text: myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention. But I claim
as my Invention the improvements in machinery for the manufacture of bricks,
drain, sanitary, and other pipes, tiles, quarries, and other articles of like manu-
facture made from clay, marl, and other plastic substances herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, arranging
or combining and working the parts of machinery for the manufacture of the
articles enumerated essentially in the manner described and illustrated, whereby
a column of clay or other plastic material is forced through dies by means of
hydraulic pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Holland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
SAMUEL HOLLAND. (L.S.)