Improvements in Gas, Oil and other Explosion Engines."
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 1st Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in Gas, Oil and other Explosion Engines."
We EDWARD CORNELL CALEY, Burton Pidsea, Burstwick, Engineer, and
WILLIAM WRIGHT STEPHENSON, of Burton Pidsea, Burstwick, Engineer, both
near Hull in the County of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of this Inven-
tion to be as follows:-
The object of our invention, is to employ the power which is usually expended
in compressing the charge in gas, oil, or other explosion engine cylinders, so
giving the power out, and assisting the piston on its stroke, also to give greater
expansion, and therefore to obtain a higher mean pressure, and to obtain an
equivalent compression of the charge, whether it is a light, heavy, or intermittent
load, and by getting a higher compression, to have a proportionately high
explosion.
For the purpose of our invention, we place within the working cylinder of gas,
oil, or other explosion engines, a supplementary piston, this piston, is preferably
connected to a rod, having a spring or springs thereon; this supplementary piston,
works within the aforesaid working cylinder, a space being left between it and
the working piston.
The spring is made of a suitable strength to stand any desired pressure, as the
charge is drawn in, it is compressed between the working piston and the aforesaid
supplementary piston, the spring is also compressed, and when the working piston
makes the stroke, the supplementary piston helps it, the spring expanding on
being released, and forcing the said supplementary piston towards the working
piston, which gives out the power which is usually expended. by compression,
thus helping the working piston in its stroke.
For the purpose of holding the supplementary piston at a certain point, when
the charge is compressed, until the explosion takes place, (when the charge is a
light one) we may employ an arrangement, preferably consisting of catches,
operated by the side shaft, which engage with projections on the spindle or rod
which takes the springs, such catches being, released automatically after the
explosion.
We may employ slots let into both sides of the working piston, within these slots
we may fit springs, which bear on the piston rods, these springs on being released
after compression, act on the piston rod, and help it on its stroke.
Dated this Eighteenth day of February 1897
JOHN E. WALSH,
Savile St. Hull and Crossley St. Halifax
Patent Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: "Improvements in Gas, Oil, and other Explosion Engines."
We EDWARD CORNELL CALEY, Burton Pidsea, Burstwick, Engineer, and
WILLIAM WRIGHT STEPHENSON, of Burton Pidsea, Burstwick, Engineer, both
near Hull, in the County of Yorkshire. do hereby declare the nature of this Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following, statement:―
The object of our invention is to employ or pay out the power which is usually
expended in compressing the charge in gas, oil, or other suitable explosion engine
cylinders, so giving or paying the power out, and assisting the piston on its
stroke, also to give greater expansion, and therefore to obtain a higher mean
pressure, and to obtain an equivalent compression of the charge, whether it is
a light, heavy, or intermittent load, and by getting a higher compression, to have a
proportionately high explosion.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig 1. Shows sectional elevation of working piston of a gas or the like explosion
engine, with our improvements applied, the supplementary piston being shown
as having made its inward stroke after explosion, the springs being expanded.
Fig 2 Shows sectional elevation of working cylinder of gas, or the like ex-
plosion engine, with rod of supplementary piston forced back, and the spring com-
pressed by the taking in and compression of the charge.
Fig 3 Shows a modification, the springs being on separate pins, instead of on
the piston rod.
For the purpose of our invention, we place within the working cylinder A, of
gas, oil, or other suitable explosion engines, a supplementary piston B, this piston
is preferably connected to a rod C, having a spring or springs D, D', thereon,
this supplementary piston B, works within the aforesaid working cylinder A, the
outer end of such cylinder is removed, and in place thereof, a bracket, frame, or
the like E, is bolted or otherwise attached thereto, there being no dead end as
heretofore.
This bracket or frame E, takes the rod C of the supplementary piston B.
A suitable space is left in the cylinder A, between the ordinary working
piston F, and the supplementary piston B, The spring D, is made of a suitable
strength to stand any required pressure, depending upon the size or power of the
engine.
We preferably employ two springs, D, and D', one being of greater strength
than the other, the small one D, for taking the pressure up to the time of the
explosion, that is during the compression of the charge, and the large one D¹,
for obviating or reducing the shock when the explosion takes place, but one
spring only may be used if desired.
The spring or springs D, D₁, is or are preferably placed on the piston rod C,
inside the bracket or frame E, as shown in Fig 1, bearing against the supple-
mentary piston B, and against the frame or bracket E, washers or
cushions may be employed for them to bed against, and where two
springs (both on the rod C) are employed, a washer or cushion J may be placed
between them.
If desired, the piston rod C, may project a little way beyond the outside of the
bracket or frame E, and a small spring or cushion L, may be placed on the rod C,
on the outside of such bracket, to act as a check or cushion to prevent rattling
when the spring or springs D D¹ expand, and shoot the piston B forward. In

page_text: the modification shown at Fig 3, the rod C, of the supplementary piston, may
have a collar G, on it, and one, two, or more pins H may run from the end of the
working cylinder A, to the end of the frame or bracket E, the spring or springs,.
being placed on these said pins H, the collar thus takes the pressure of the springs
instead of the piston.
When the charge is drawn in, it is compressed between the working piston F,
and the aforesaid supplementary piston B, the spring or springs D, D¹, is or are
also compressed, and when the working piston F makes the stroke,
the supplementary piston B helps it, the spring or springs D, D', expanding
and forcing or shooting the said supplementary piston and the charge towards the
working piston, which gives out the power which is usually expended or lost by
compression when there is a dead end to the working cylinder, thus helping the
working piston on its stroke, the power being paid out just at the time the crank
is in its most advantageous position, and during the exhaust stroke, the pistons
having very small clearing space; by this means, such cylinder is cleared of all
burnt gases which may have remained from the previous explosion.
In cases where valves and the like are usually placed at the end of the cylinder,
they may be placed at the sides when our improvement are applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1. In gas, oil or other, explosion engines, dispensing with the dead end and
placing a supplementary, piston or ram B in the working cylinder in the manner
and for the purposes substantially as shown and described.
2. In gas, oil or other explosion engines, the employment of an additional or
supplementary piston B, provided with a spring or springs DD' placed on the
rod C of such supplementary piston, or arranged in any suitable manner, with or
without a bracket or frame E for taking such piston rod C, and spring or
springs D D', in the manner and for the purposes substantially as set forth in
the foregoing Specification and drawings.
Dated this eighteenth day of November 1897.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Savile Street. Hull and Crossley Street. Halifax
Patent Agent for the Applicants