IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING HEATING OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake of the firm of Haseltine Lake
and Co Patent Agents Southampton Buildings London, for an Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND
UTILIZING ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING HEATING OR OTHER PURPOSES Coni-
municated to him from abroad by Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton New
Jersey United States of America
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND APPARATUS
FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING, HEATING OR OTHER
"
PURPOSES [A communication to him from abroad by Joseph Stokes Williams
of Riverton New Jersey United States of America]
According to my improvements I construct dynamo or magneto-electric machines,
that is to say machines or motors for generating or utilizing electricity, which are
more efficient and economical in working, cheaper to construct, and inore durable
than those hitherto produced. I construct generators of electricity or electric
motors with duplicate armatures or duplicate inducing faces, one for inducing
positive and the other negative currents; or I construct an armature composed of
sectional inducing parts which, at any given time, can only produce positive or
negative currents in accordance with the position such parts then occupy in the
magnetic field.
I can provide for such result by different constructious or
modifications. For instance, instead of adopting the ordinary well known con-
struction of dynamo-machine I construct the armature in two parts or sections, or
in other words, I construct two machines one with a positive electro-magnet and
positive armature, and the other with a negative electro-magnet and a negative
armature, the positive and negative currents being conducted by suitable

page_text: conductors for storage or immediate utilization, for motors, heaters, lighting
apparatus, or other purposes.
Instead of constructing two machines and connecting them by conductors
merely, I prefer to divide the armature into two distinct sections insulated from
each other, and to form each section of a series of discs, strips, or ribbons of metal
or of a continuous rod of wire or ribbon of metal, preferably insulated. But it
will be understood that as the currents are not united in the opposing magnetic
The
fields, I can employ continuous pieces of metal within each magnetic field.
currents are preferably combined outside of the inducing parts of the magnetic
fields.
Or I construct an armature of a series of strips, ribbons, or wires arranged
lengthwise on such armature and insulated from each other, and connect the
terminals at the end or ends of the armature with their respective collectors. That
is to say the conductors which induce the positive currents will only be in contact
with the positive collector and the negative conductors with the negative collector.
In order to construct an electric generator or motor and obviate the difficulties of
construction and so far as possible the ineffectiveness of the ordinary class of such
machines I coil upon the armature which I prefer to make of increased diameter
and of insulating material a ribbon or wire which so terminates that one end is
always in circuit with the negative collector while the other end is in circuit with
the positive collector. I form these collectors so that each will cover the series of
the conductors and correspond to its intended respective magnetic field.
In constructing such machines, instead of giving great length to the cores or
polar extensions of the electro-magnets 1 obtain a more efficient and powerful
generator by using electro-magnets with very short polar extensions, the electro
magnets being greatly increased in size. The faces or surfaces of the electro-
magnets are equal, or about equal, in area to the continuous line or surface of the
armature. I prefer that my machine should have armatures with comparatively
large end surfaces which form a continuous line parallel or equidistant from the
end surfaces of the electro-magnets; in other words the axis ends of the armature
are either straight in a continuous line and in combination with electro magnets of
a corresponding form, or if the armature is convex, concave, or angular at its axis
ends, the electro-magnets should present thereto a surface of corresponding form by
being formed reversely. I provide the electro magnets with a narrow groove
extending around the same, the sides of this groove being equidistant from, or
parallel to, each other and parallel to, and equidistant, or nearly so, from, the end
surface or surfaces of the electro-magnets. It will therefore be understood that
the wire coils or strips can with facility be wound upon such electro-magnets and
furthermore the coil or coils will occupy a position of the closest practical
proximity to the armature; and in addition to these important advantages a great
length of wire is possible even when a single wire or strip is wound throughout
the depth of the groove the increased length of wire being dependent upon the
diameter of the armature or electro magnets.
I prefer to extend the axle of the armature through the axis or core of the
electro-magnets. I can insulate such axle by space or by non-magnetic or
insulating materials.
I prefer to secure the electro magnets to or in connection with non-magnetic
supports and tie or brace them together by such medium.
I preferably construct the armature with strips or ribs of metal or continuous
wires, and I can with facility and advantage use exceedingly fine strips of metal
instead of wires upon the electro magnets or armature thereby obtaining a great
length of coil in a given space. These strips can be covered with the ordinary
insulating material but I prefer to employ a pyro insulating material or substance
(such as a compound of salts and oxide of zinc) upon the coils, ribbous, strips or
wires.
According to one method of providing insulation I attach or combine the end of
the wire metal strips or ribbons to be coiled to or with the electro-magnet. The

page_text: magnet to be wound is mounted upon a shaft, the said magnet and shaft being
enclosed in a tight box or chamber which is heated to a sufficiently high
temperature to render glass or other vitreous insulating substances sufficiently
pliable to be wound around the core of the electro-magnet along with the ribbon,
wire, or coils which it serves to insulate, or the wire may be passed through a bath
of pyro-insulating material.
The wire or ribbon is led through an aperture or between suitably formed rolls
to the groove or recess upon the electro magnet, and at some point prior to coming
in contact with the coil it is caused to pass through a molten bath of glass or
other vitreous or insulating material; upon leaving the bath any superfluous
material is removed from the wire or ribbon by the rolls or otherwise and as the
latter is drawn into the chamber by the rotation of the electro magnet the wire
or ribbon is closely cemented into its proper position. I provide for such winding
by employing automatic feed-mechanisin which is so connected with the axle of
the electro-magnet as to move the same to and fro or to cause the electro magnet
to be moved endwise. In order to distribute and wind each wire strand or ribbon
in proper relation one to the other I prefer to so arrange a guide within the bath as
to cause the wire to be directed or diverted from a straight line in passing through
the bath; for this purpose I employ a roller or series of rollers composed of some
substance such as fire clay or zirconia which will not melt or be destroyed by the
heat of the molten material when heated material is employed. It will be under-
stood that an electro magnet or armature thus constructed will be entirely free
from liability to failure or ineffectiveness due to short circuiting, burning of wires,
dampness, or other causes. In some cases I wind strips of very thin metal around
the electro-magnets and expose the ends of such directly to the action of the
armature. I so guide these strips when coiling them upon the core that the edges
will correspond with or be equidistant from the sides or surfaces of the armature;
or such strips can be wound within a groove in the electro magnet as herein
described. In order to construct an armature and avoid the difficulties hitherto
attending other methods of construction I employ strips or bars which I build
up in a suitably formed mould and I cause the parts to be firmly tied or bound
together by pouring or forcing into the mould molten glass or other suitable
insulating material or I form the strips points or ribs with pieces or parts by
moulding the same.
The plates, strips, or sections of the armature can be insulated from each other
by distance but I preferably arrange the parts in their relative positions within a
mould. By pouring into such inould molten glass or other insulating material which
will solidify I am enabled to firmly unite and secure all the section or parts in
their proper relation to each other. Or I forin the ribs projections or points upon
the metal piece or pieces which constitute the armature by moulding. The plates
ribs or bars are united with each other respectively in such manner by
conducting strips wires extensions or formations to provide for inducing the currents
and conducting them from the respective magnetic fields. It will be understood
that other forms of armatures can be constructed insulated and bound together
as hereinbefore described by moulding or otherwise.
ab
sometimes so arrange the faces of the bars or strips comprising the armature that
When I wish to construct
they shall not be covered by the insulating material.
a powerful generating machine 1 either increase the diameter of the magnets and
armatures or 1 employ a series of armatures or machines working on the same shaft.
Another part of my invention relates to means and apparatus for generating
electricity and also for controlling such generating apparatus by means of clock-
work or mechanism actuated in any preferred manner such mechanism having
combined with it circuit makers for completing or interrupting or reversing the
currents in or through the batteries or a series of the same dependent upon a given
time. Or I combine such circuit-maker with a motor galvanometer, or measuring
apparatus so that the position of the circuit maker is governed by the strength of
the electric current. I employ a battery or a series of batteries one of which is

page_text: preferably equal to the other. I combine such batteries or systems, by means of the
governing apparatus herein before described. The electricity generated within one
battery or series of batterics is led by a suitable conductor to a storage battery
or otherwise utilized by the arrangement of the clock mechanism before described.
The circuit maker or makers between the system of batteries are so arranged as to
provide for the reversing of the currents as required.; this result is effected by
the governing apparatus controlled by the electric current, or I may intermittently
make and break the circuit or reverse the currents through the batteries or series
of batteries through the medium of an independent battery or store or source of
electricity or otherwise.
Such automatic apparatus for connecting different batteries can be employed
with advantage with primary or with both primary and secondary batteries or
stores or storage apparatus; the automatic governor with the circuit maker or
makers therefore acts as the medium for reversing the current through a battery
or system and thereby provides the means of vivifying revivifying, storing
charging or maintaining the quantity or electromotive force in a storage or
primary battery or a series or combination of the same. For instance where a
series of batteries is employed, I connect or combine the different primary batteries
or a series of them so that when the electro motive force in one battery or series
falls below a given point the current is reversed through such weakened battery
automatically by means of a circuit maker, which is controlled by a galvanometer
or other governing device whose position is controlled by or through the medium
of the electric current quantity or electro motive force generated from a battery
cell or source of electricity as described or by clockwork or otherwise.
I prefer to connect such system or arrangement of automatically controlled
vivifying or revivifying batteries or cells with a storage battery accumulator or
series of the same.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said William Robert Lake in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th December 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent
Agents Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES AND
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING ELECTRICITY, FOR LIGHTING,
HEATING, OR OTHER PURPOSES A communication to me from abroad by
Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton New Jersey United States of America.
"
According to my improvements I construct dynamo or magneto-electric machines
or electro-magnetic machines, that is to say machines or motors for generating or
utilizing electricity which are more efficient and economical in working, cheaper
to construct, and more durable than those hitherto produced.
I construct generators of electricity or electric motors with duplicate armatures
or duplicate inducing faces, one for inducing positive and tho other negative
currents; or I construct an armature composed of sectional inducing parts or
surface or surfaces which at any given time can only act as positive or negative
clements in conjunction with their respective inductive magnetic fields so that
each set of elements will operate in conjunction with each other so as to produce
one or inore continuous currents without the reversal of the current in the parts
of the machine connected, or adapted to bo connected, in the external circuit that
is to say, the stationary and movable elements or the inductive portions of the
armature and the polar-extensions of the magnets are adapted to operate in
accordance with the position such parts occupy relatively to each other so as to
provide for utilizing the inductive action of the magnetic field; as before stated
I can provide for such result by different constructions or modifications. For
instance instead of adopting the ordinary well known construction of machine I
construct the armature in two parts or sections, or in other words I construct two
machines, one with a positive electro-magnet and positive armature, and the other
with a negative electro-magnet and a negative armature, the current or currents being
conducted by suitable conductors to devices or means for storing the energy so
produced into an external circuit containing motors, heaters, lighting apparatus, or
other apparatus or means for utilizing such energy.
Instead of constructing two machines and connecting them by conductors
merely, I prefer to divide the armature into two distinct sections insulated from
each other and to form each section of a series of discs, strips, or ribbons,
of metal or of a continuous rod of wire or ribbon of metal preferably insulated.
But it will be understood that as the inductors arranged in conjunction with each
set or series of poles are always adapted to perform the same function in the
production of the current, I can employ continuous pieces surface or surfaces of
metal adapted to operate in conjunction with each magnetic field.
Or I construct an armature of a series of strips, ribbons, or wires arranged
lengthwise on such armature and insulated from each other and connect the
terminals at the end or ends of the armature with their respective collectors. That
is to say, the conductors, surface or surfaces which operate in conjunction with
the magnetic field or fields will provide for conducting the current and completing
the external circuit through the medium of the circuit maker or makers or collectors
at the ends of the armature, elements, or axle.
In order to construct an electric generator or motor and obviate the difficulties
of construction and so far as possible the ineffectiveness of the ordinary class of
such machines, I sometimes coil a ribbon or wire upon the armature which may
be made of large diameter and either of magnetic or non magnetic or insulating

page_text: material, and such ribbon, wire, or surface of conducting material terminates so
that one end is adapted to always operate in conjunction with one part of the
electrical external circuit, say the negative, while the other part or extension
thereof is adapted to always operate in conjunction with, or form part of, the other
part of the external circuit, say the positive. By such means I provide for a con-
tinuous circuit through the elements or parts of the machine adapted to operate
in conjunction with each other and through the medium of circuit makers, or
collectors, arranged and operating as before stated. I always provide for the
inductive element or elements of such machine operating in its or their respective
magnetic field or fields without causing a reversal of the current or an alternating
current in the element or elements of the machine connected with the external
circuit.
In constructing electrical machines, instead of giving great length to the cores
or polar extensions of the electro magnets I obtain an efficient and powerful
machine by using permanent or electro magnets with very short polar extensions.
The faces or surfaces of these magnets may be equal, or about equal, in area to the
continuous line or surface of the armature or the sections thereof.
In some cases I construct a machine wherein the armatures have comparatively
large end surfaces which may be parallel to, or equidistant from, the end surfaces of
the magnets; in other words the armature has end surfaces on a plane at right
angles to the axis of the machine arranged in combination with a magnet or
magnets having a surface to correspond therewith, or if the arinature has a convex,
concave, or angular surface or surfaces at its ends the said magnets should present
thereto a surface or surfaces of corresponding form by being formed reversely.
I sometimes provide the magnets with a narrow groove or recess extending around
the same; the sides of this groove or recess can be equidistant from, or parallel
to, each other, and parallel to, and equidistant, or nearly so, from, the end
surface or surfaces of the magnets. It will therefore be understood that the wire
coils or strips can with facility be adapted to form such magnets, and furthermore
the coil or coils or conductors will occupy a position of the closest practicable
proximity to the armature; and in addition to these important advantages an
extended surface or length of conducting material of the element so formed is
possible, even when a single wire strip or conductor is wound or placed within or
throughout the depth of the groove or recess, the increased length of conducting
material being dependent upon the inductive surface of the armature or magnets,
or a series of them, or sections thereof.
I prefer to extend the axle of the armature through the axis or core of the
magnets. I can insulate such axle by space or by a non magnetic or insulating
material or materials.
I sometimes secure the magnets to, or in connection with, non-magnetic supports
and tie or brace them together by insulating or non-magnetic material.
I, in some cases, construct the annature with strips or ribs of metal or continuous
wires and I can with facility and advantage use exceedingly thin strips of metal,
instead of wires, upon the magnets or armatures thereby obtaining a great length
of conducting or inducing surface in a given space. These strips can be covered
with the ordinary insulating material but I prefer to employ a pyro-insulating
material or substance (such as a compound of salts and oxide of zinc) upon the coils
ribbons, strips, or wires.
According to one method of providing insulation I attach or combine the end
of the wire metal strips or ribbons to be coiled to or with the magnet. The
magnet to be wound is mounted upon a shaft, the said magnet and shaft being
enclosed in a tight box or chamber which is heated to a sufficiently high
temperature to render glass or other vitreous insulating substances sufficiently
pliable to be wound with the wire strip or ribbon which it serves to insulate
around the core of the magnet or so as to have the desired form all the parts
being thus cemented together or the wire may be passed through a bath of pyro-
insulating material.

page_text: .
It will be understood that any plates wires strips bars or surfaces adapted to
be utilized in the formation of magnets or the elements of electrical machines can
be coated with a pyro-insulating material and by such means the elements or part
of them can be built up or formed within moulds or suitably formed chambers or
spaces as herein provided for.
In some cases the wire or ribbon is led through an aperture or between suitably
formed rolls to the groove or recess upon the magnet and at some point prior to
coming in contact with the coil it is caused to pass through a bath of vitreous or
insulating material; upon leaving the bath any superfluous material is removed
froin the wire strip surface or ribbon by the rolls or otherwise and as such wire
strip ribbon or piece is utilized in the formation of such structure the parts
become closely cemented in their proper position or so as to form one piece or
part.
I sometimes provide for such construction by employing automatic feed-
mechanism so as to move the part to be covered or formed to and fro or to cause
the magnet form or base to be moved endwise. In order to distribute and wind
the layers of wire strand or ribbon in proper relation to each other, I prefer to so
arrange a guide as to cause the wire strand or ribbon to be directed or diverted
from a straight line in passing through such guide. I employ a roller or series of
rollers composed of some substance such as fire clay or zirconia which will not melt
or be destroyed by the heat of the molten material when heated material is
employed. It will be understood that an electro magnet or armature thus con-
structed will be entirely free from liability to failure or ineffectiveness due to short
circuiting, dampness or other causes.
In some cases I wind or mount strips of metal around the electro magnets and
expose the ends of such strips directly to the action of the armature. I so guide
these strips when coiling them upon the core that the edges will correspond with
or be equidistant from the sides or surfaces of the armature; or such strips can be
wound within a groove in the electro magnet as herein described. In order to
construct an armature and avoid the difficulties hitherto attending other methods
of construction I employ strips or bars which I build up in a suitably formed
mould and I cause the parts to be firmly tied or bound together by pouring or
forcing into the nould vitreous or other suitable insulating material, or I forin the
strips parts or ribs upon or with the piece or parts by moulding the same.
The plates strips, or sections of the armature can be insulated from each other
by distance but I preferably arrange the parts in their relative positions within a
mould. By pouring into such mould vitreous or other insulating material which
will solidify I am enabled to firmly unite and secure the sections or parts in their
proper relation to each other. Or I form the ribs projections or parts upon the
metal piece or pieces which constitute the armature by moulding. The plates ribs
or bars are united with each other respectively by conducting strips wires
extensions or formations in such a manner as to provide for inducing the currents
and conducting them from the respective magnetic fields. It will be understood
that other forms of armatures can be constructed insulated and bound together as
herein before described by moulding or otherwise.
I sometimes so arrange the faces of the bars or strips comprising or forming part
of the armature that they shall not be covered by the insulating material.
When
I wish to construct a powerful generating machine I either increase the diameter
of the magnets and armatures or I 'employ a series of armatures or machines
working upon the same shaft.
I sometimes employ for controlling generating apparatus clockwork or
mechanism actuated in any preferred manner such mechanism having combined
with it circuit makers for completing or interrupting or reversing the currents in
or through batteries or a series of the same at intervals. Or I combine such
circuit maker with a motor galvanometer or measuring apparatus so that the
position of the circuit maker is governed by the strength of the electric current.
I employ a battery or a series of batteries and I combine such batteries by means

page_text: of the governing apparatus herein before described. The electricity generated
within one battery or series of batteries is led by a suitable conductor to a storage
battery or otherwise utilized by the arrangement of the clock mechanism before
described; the circuit maker or makers between the systems of batteries is or are
so arranged as to provide for the reversal of the currents as required. This result
is effected by the governing apparatus controlled by the electric current or may
intermittently make and break the circuit or reverse the currents through the
batteries or series of batteries through the medium of an independent battery or
store or source of electricity or otherwise.
Such automatic apparatus for connecting different batteries can be employed
with advantage with primary or with both primary and secondary batteries or
stores or storage apparatus. The automatic governor with the circuit maker or
makers therefore acts as the medium for reversing the current through a battery or
system and thereby provides for the vivification re-vivification storage charging or
maintaining the quantity or electro motive force in a storage or primary battery or
n series or any combination of the same. For instance where a series of batteries is
employed I connect or combine the different primary batteries or a scries of them
so that when the electro motive force in one battery or series of batteries falls
below a given point the current is reversed through such weakened battery
automatically by means of a circuit maker, which is controlled by a galvanometer
or other governing device whose position is controlled by or through the medium
of the quantity or electro motive force generated from a battery or cell or other
source of electricity as described or by clockwork or otherwise.
I prefer to connect such system or arrangement of automatically controlled
vivifying or revivifying batteries or cells with a storage battery accumulator or
series of the same.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings I have shewn one form of
machine adapted to provide for the induction of an electric current in the inductors
parts or elements designed to form part of or to be included in an external circuit
without necessitating the reversal of the current in the coils strips ribbons or con-
ducting parts of such elements or the external circuit connected therewith.
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of the said machine and Figure 2 is a
transverse section of the same on the line xx Figure 1-Figure 3 is a view of
one end of the armature of the said machine adapted to operate in conjunction
with the electro magnets as hereinafter described. a represents the base of the said
machine and bb the standards for supporting the shaft c which is adapted to be
revolved through the pulley c¹ or otherwise. dd represent electro magnets
suitably supported upon the base a these magnets being wound in such a manner
as to provide for their poles adjacent to each of the inductive parts or clements of
the armature e being of the same denomination. The inductive and conductive
portions or elements e¹ of the armature are arranged in such a manner as to be in
close proximity to the electro magnets d; the terminals from these elements extend
to the rings collars or collectors f arranged at the ends of the armature or
axle. The terminals from the electro magnets & may extend to or be combined in
the circuit with the elements e¹ in such a manner that the electric circuit will
be completed through the conducting elements of the poles of the magnets d and
the conductors of the elements e¹ or so that both such parts or elements will be
included in the external circuit. Or instead of completing the circuit in such
manner at each end of the armature or axis the terminals from one set of the
conductors or elements e¹ may extend to and be combined with the other set of
elements so that the circuit will be completed through both sets of elements or
inductive parts e¹ through the medium of two rings collars or collectors with or
without including the conducting elements of the electro magnets d. These electro
magnets may be of the same polarity in conjunction with each set of the
inductive and conductive elements e¹ or the magnetic fields formed by the
magnets & for each set or part of such elements e¹ may be of opposite polarity and
the connections may be made in a similar manner to that herein before described.

page_text: The circuit may be completed between these elements e¹ through the medium of a
coil or other suitable arrangement of conducting material e². Such coil may be so
wound as to magnetize the core or supporting body of the elements e¹. In such a
case the magnets & are so wound or formed as to provide for the inductive pole or
poles of the magnetic fields at each end or inducing surface of the clements e¹
being of opposite polarity to the end surfaces of the armature e and in some cases
the external circuit is completed through the elements del by connecting onc
terminal or set of terminals from the clements & with the terminal or set of
terminals from the elements e' through one collector f the external circuit being
completed through the other collector fand the other terminal or set of terminals
extending from the other elements d. Or the terminals from the elements e and d
or any combination of them may be carried to a grouping box and be adapted to
be combined either for quantity or tension. Instead of combining the elements in
this manner one set of elements e¹ may be connected across the armature e with
the other set of elements el alternatively so as to provide for increasing the tension
of the current. The magnets may be wound so as to provide for connecting
them in series without the reversal of the polarity of their poles or surfaces adjacent
to the inductive faces surfaces or elements of the armature adapted to be operated
in their respective magnetic fields. At I have shown devices for completing
the circuit between the elements e¹ and the external circuit as before described
I have shown the elements or conductors e as consisting of plates or ribbons as
more fully described with reference to other figures of the drawings. These
elements or conductors may consist of plain metallic surfaces or of coils or folds of
wire or ribbon and are insulated from the body of the armature when of metal or
they may be formed or secured upon or embedded within insulating material by
moulding or otherwise as herein described.
In some cases I reverse the working of this machine by forming or adapting the
parts or inductive poles d so as to be rotated and making the elements e¹
stationary; or both sets of elements d e' may be rotated, the terminals or con-
nections between the clements of the machine being adapted to provide for the
completion of the external circuit. The inductive poles or elements of the machine
may be excited by a current generated by the machine itself or by a current
through a derived circuit or shunt from the external circuit with or without
employing a permanent magnet or by placing the magnets in the main external
circuit or circuits from an independent source or store. It will be understood that
permanent inagnets may be employed instead of the electro magnets d.
Figure 4 is a front elevation. Figure 5 an end elevation partly in section and
Figure 6 a longitudinal section on the line 'Figure 5 of another machine.
In this machine the elements d and e' are adapted to operate in a similar manner to
that described with reference to the above named Figures. The terminals from
these elements are adapted to be connected in the external circuit as before
described the elements being formed and arranged to operate in a similar
manner to that above described so as to provide the magnetic fields or as the
inducting elements e. I have shewn the elements e¹ in this case provided with or
consisting of a continuous conductor or coil upon a magnetic core this conductor
being so wound as to provide for all the poles on one side being of one deuomi-
nation and all those on the other side of the opposite denomination. This may be
accomplished by the employment of independent coils or conductors upon each
section or element e¹ or by uniting or coupling the conductors of each section or
element in series. When all the clements e¹ are connected in series the two
terminals therefrom extend to the collectors or circuit makers f so as to provide
for conducting the current induced in the arinature e into the external circuit as
before stated and either through the coils of the electro magnets or otherwise.
When the rotating elements are adapted to provide the magnetic fields a current or
currents is or are induced in the parts d which may be connected in the external
circuit in series or in parallel circuit and with or without being in circuit with the

page_text: conductors of the rotating parts or elements e¹ and with or without utilizing the
earth as a portion of such circuit. I have shewn the elements e' supported by and
projecting through plates es which provide for maintaining such elements in their
proper relative positions. I preferably insulate each element e¹ from the said
plates e. The parts & are shewn supported by plates d' d' and protrude beyond
such plates in a somewhat similar manner to that described with reference to the
elements e¹. Instead of employing a single coil extending throughout the length
of the parts e¹ I may use independent sets of conductors arranged at each end of
such parts or elements el so as to provide for the operation of the inachine being
the same as that previously described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3. I have
shewn but one circuit maker ring or collector at each end of the armature
but I can employ two sets of such circuit makers rings or collectors as above
described. If permanent electro magnets having their poles adjacent to each face
of the armature of the same denomination should be used in place of the electro
magnets e¹ the circuit makers f may be dispensed with and the current conducted
into the external circuit by connecting the inductors or conductors of the stationary
elements directly with such circuit with or without including the earth in a
portion of such circuit.
Figure 7 is a plan.
Figure 8 a longitudinal vertical section.
Figure 9 a transverse vertical section, and,
Figure 10 an end view of another construction of machine.
In this machine I have shewn a series of magnets d arranged around the
periphery of the armature e. These magnets are so formed or wound as to provide
for having their poles arranged in close proximity to the longitudinal bars strips
or ribbons extending lengthwise of the armature these bars strips or ribbons
being connected at their ends with the rings or collectors f. The coils of the
electro magnets may extend to and be in circuit with one of the circuit makers
rings or collectors the external circuit being completed through the coils of the
said magnets and through the bars strips or ribbons of the armature through the
medium of the other circuit maker ring or collector f. The magnets & may be so
arranged or wound that all the poles thereof adjacent to the bars strips or
ribbons e in which the current is induced are of one denomination. Instead of
making the magnets stationary they may be adapted to be revolved all their
poles being of one denomination adjacent to each set of inductors arranged at or
towards the ends of the magnets and so as to occupy at all times the same relative
positions to the inductive poles in their magnetic fields that is to say the position
occupied by the magnets d'as shewn in the drawings will be the position of the
elements of the armature so adapted to provide for the induction of an electric
current in their coils or conductors which may be combined with each other and
be in connection with the external circuit as before described with or without
utilizing the earth as a portion of such circuit. The magnets may be either
permanent or electro magnets and may extend lengthwise of the axle, in a similar
manner to the bars strips or ribbons e' or they may be otherwise arranged.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal vertical section, and,
Figure 12 a transverse vertical section of an electrical machine adapted to operate
in a similar manner to those described with reference to the foregoing Figures.
The elements of the armature e are shewn composed of strips bars or
conductors e extending lengthwise of the said armature or in the same direction
as the axis thereof the said strips bars or conductors being so constructed or
arranged as to form a continuous strip or length of conducting surface in which the
current is induced. Each conducting portion or part adapted to provide for the
induction of an electric current is arranged and adapted to operate in such a manner
within the inductive influence of the inagnetic field in which it always revolves as
to permit the conduction of the induced current always in one direction through
such element elements or portions thereof. These elements may be adapted to

page_text: operate and develop a current in the external circuit by connecting the inductive
portions at each end of the armature to the rings or collectors for to a series of
rings or collectors with or without connecting such conducting portions of tho
armature independently or collectively in the external circuit through the conductors
or coils of the magnets and with or without utilizing the earth as a portion of
the electrical circuit as described with reference to other Figures of the drawings.
I have shewn the faces of the poles of the electro magnets d in this machine as
semi circular or approximately semi circular in form so as to conform reversely to
the surface of the conductors or elements which are in proximity thereto and in
which the current or currents is or are induced. The poles presented to one end
of the armaturo e or to the conducting elements thereof are of one denomination
and the poles presented to the other end of the said armature or to the conducting
elements thereof are of the opposite denomination. The conducting portions or
elements of the armature may be mounted upon an insulating base or upon a
magnetic or non magnetic form with insulation between the parts. Such parts may
be formed or built up by moulding or otherwise as herein more fully described.
Figure 13 is an exterior view and Figure 14 an end view of an armature
wherein the conducting bars strips or ribbons are built up or formed in sections
with their greatest length extending lengthwise or across the periphery of the
armature. This armature is so formed as to operate in conjunction with two or
more magnetic poles in a similar manner to that described with reference to
Figures 11 and 12 and other Figures of the drawings. In Figure 13 the con-
ducting bars or strips of the elements are shewn connected alternatively at their
ends so as to provide for forming a single continuous conductor in each section or
part. I have sections at each end of the armature connected by a bar or conductor.
If desired however the terminals of each section or part for operating in conjunction
with one pole or magnetic field only inay be connected with independent rings or
collectors with independent sections of rings or collectors or with commutators of
the ordinary construction arranged at one or both ends of the armature at or near
the axle. The conducting portions of the said armature may be built up upon or
with a magnetic or non magnetic or insulating form or base by moulding or
otherwise as herein more fully described suitable insulation being preferably
provided between the conducting portions of each element or section. Or the
conducting portions or sections of the armature or element itself may be formed
within a mould without employing a form or base designed to remain or form part
of the said armature or element and with or without using insulating material for
tying or securing the conducting portions in their proper relative positions.
common
Figures 15 and 16 are similar views to Figures 13 and 14 representing another
form of armature which may be constructed in the manner described with reference
to the last named Figures. In this armature the elements are shewn as built up
or formed of a series of strips bars ribs or conductors united to a
conductor or extension at each end of a section. This armature is designed for use
in connection with pole pieces adapted to operate in conjunction with the elements
so as to provide for the current passing through such elements continuously in one
direction.
Figure 17 is an exterior view Figure 18 an end view of another construction
of armature Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating the connections between the
sections of the elements hereinafter described. This armature is of similar
construction to that described with reference to Figures 13 and 14 and is adapted
to operate in a similar manner in connection with the poles of two or more
magnets. The sections of the element however arranged at one end of the
arinature or at each portion of the armature and adapted to be revolved in front of
one or more poles of a magnet or magnets of the same denomination are shewn
connected with the sections of the element at the other end or portion of the
armature in such a manner that the sections of the elements diametrically or
approximately diametrically opposite or across the line of the axle are united so as

page_text: to provide for such elements operating in conjunction when poles of opposite
denominations are used and adapted to operate in conjunction with such elements
so formed or combined.
Figure 20 is a front elevation, and
Figure 21 an end elevation of a modified construction of machine.
Figure 22 is a face view, and,
Figure 23 a transverse section of the armature.
In this machine the elements el are shown separated from the body of the
armature by insulating material. These elements consist of sections arranged
around and on both faces of the body h so as to provide for operating in close
proximity to the magnets d. All of the sections on one face of the armature may
be so connected as to form a continuous circuit or element operating in conjunction
with and under the influence of the poles of one denomination or the terminals
from each section may be carried to the rings or collectors f on the axle at the
ends of the armature or at one end of the armature or these sections or the
continuous circuit of them on one face may be connected with the sections or
continuous circuit of them on the other face. Or these sections or clements on
cach face may be connected in series. They are adapted to operate in conjunction
with the inductive poles arranged in proximity to them so as to develop a current
in the external circuit and be connected in such circuit as described with reference
to Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings. The said sections or elements are shown as
consisting of ribbons or bars which may be moulded upon the face of the armature
or the bars may be laid in the form or mould and be secured together at their
ends so as to form a continuous circuit in each section or the series of sections
can be built up formed and united in such a manner by first giving the shape to
the face of the armature necessary to impart to the conducting material or elements
moulded thereon such form as will be adapted for use in the electrical circuit of
the machine. Such conducting material is insulated from the magnetic or non-
magnetic base when such is employed preferably by pyro-insulating material
applied in solution or otherwise. Or the conducting material may be moulded
upon an insulating base composed of a suitable substance or compound.
Figure 24 is an end elevation, partly in section, and,
Figure 24ª a central longitudinal vertical section of a further modified form of
machine.
In this machine two sets of elements or armatures similar to that described with
reference to Figures 22 and 23 are mounted upon the shaft c. I have shown two
sets of poles of the same denomination arranged in connection with each armature
or element or set of elements. The sections of conducting element or elements of
each armature or part are adapted to operate in conjunction with the inductive
poles of their respective magnetic fields in such a manner as to provide for the
development of a current in the external circuit through the medium of the con-
ducting elements of the armature without the reversal of the current through such
clements during any portion of their movement. The clements of each arinature
are connected in the external circuit through the medium of rings collars or
collectors as under any of the combinations before described with reference to
other Figures of the drawings. Instead of employing two independent poles
one pole may be employed in connection with each armature element or set of
clements.
Figure 25 is a plan, and,
Figure 26 a longitudinal section of another construction of machine adapted to
operate without the reversal of the current.
In this machine the armature is provided with a continuous conducting surface
or element e¹ so as provide for the completion of the electrical circuit through
such element at the ends or axis of the armature and is adapted to operate in
conjunction with an inductive pole or poles of the magnets & in such a manner as
to provide for a continuous circuit when such element armature or series of them

page_text: is combined in the external electrical circuit under any of the combinations or
arrangements described with reference to the foregoing Figures of the drawings.
Figure 27 is a side elevation, and,
Figure 28 is a longitudinal vertical section of a machine wherein I have shown
an armature of somewhat similar construction to that described with reference to
figures 22 to 24° adapted to operate in conjunction with and under the influence
of permanent magnets in such a manner as to obviate the reversal of the current
through the conducting elements of the armature the electrical circuit being
completed through the elements e' through the medium of the collectors or circuit
makers fas before described.
Figure 29 is a face view, and,
Figure 30 a transverse section of one form of arinature consisting of a series of
bars plates or conductors adapted to form the element or elements e¹ of the
armature. These sections are shewn secured in position upon the armature by
insulating material in such a manner as to provide for uniting and holding the
parts in their proper relative positions. This construction is also applicable to
some of the other forms of armatures herein described.
Figure 31 is a longitudinal vertical section, and,
Figure 32 a vertical transverso section of a machine adapted to operate in a
similar manner to those herein before described I have shewn this machine built
up or formed of elements e arranged at each end of the armature and with tho
inductive poles of the magnets d'adapted to operate in conjunction with such
elements at each end of the armature and over their periphery. The parts are
arranged and operate in conjunction with each other as described with reference
to other Figures of the drawings so as to provide for obviating the reversal of the
current through the elements connected with the external circuit during any part
of the revolution of the armature. It will be understood from the foregoing
description that the parts d may be arranged to provide for conducting a current
or currents into the external circuit when the elements are connected with the
parts e' or have currents induced in their conductors. The arrangement of the
inductive poles and elements in this machine are similar to those hereinbefore
described.
Figure 33 is a plan of a section or element of an armature or part adapted to be
employed in the electrical circuit of the machine and preferably having its
conducting portion e' formed upon or with the form mould or piece which may
be composed of magnetic or non-magnetic material and be adapted to operate in
the class of machines herein described. It will be understood that the conducting
material of such element or elements is insulated from the metal base or part when
such is employed. The terminals or extensions from these elements are so formed
as to provide for their connection with the external circuit and may be adapted to
provide for cach part at the ends of the support being connected to independent
external circuits or to operate in the same circuit as will be understood by
reference to the description given in respect of other Figures of the drawings.
Figures 34, 36 and 38 represent in perspective and Figures 35, 37, 39 and 40
in transverse sections one half of various forms of moulds adapted to provide for
holding or supporting bars ribbons strips or sheets j of metal in their proper
relationship to each other so that they may be securely bound together and have
the desired form for use in electrical machines wherein the elements so formed are
adapted to be employed. These bars strips or sheets j may be separated from
each other and bound or secured together within such moulds by pouring into the
same insulating material which will solidify. The parts j may be first bound
together by the insulating material with or without covering the surface designed
to be in proximity to the pole piece or pieces or elements with which they are
designed to operate in conjunction. The said bars may be secured together at
their ends within the moulds by conducting material.
Figure 41 is a face view and Figure 42 a transverse section of one half of a
mould for securing the bars j in their proper relative positions and for uniting

page_text: them at their ends in such a manner as to provide for the elements or conductors
of the armature so constructed being connected in the electrical circuit so as to
provide for the induction of the current in such bars operating in conjunction with
the magnet or magnets of the machine. I have shown the bars j in these Figures
as supported in the mould by plates : These plates are designed to be removed
from the ends of the armature after the bars have been united in such mould.
1 may first cover or separate the portion of the bars or strips to be insulated with
pyro-insulating material. The terminals from these bars may be carried to the
respective rings collectors or commutators arranged on the axle and may be
united with the conducting bars in the moulds.
Figure 43 represents an exterior view of an armature adapted to be used in the
class of machines herein described the conducting elements being shaped upon the
part which constitutes the armature or part of the elements of the machine the
bars or conductors; being insulated from the metal frame or coro of the armature.
These conductors may be formed upon this armature by providing a mould having
projections which come in close contact with the core or the insulation thereon.
By this means the conductors will be caused to occupy the spaces not occupied by
the moulds. The terminals may be formed or adapted to provide for connection
with the commutators rings or collectors on the axis or at the ends of the
armature or otherwise as may be desired.
Figures 44 and 45 represent an interior view and end view of an armature
provided with bars or conductors; secured in position in a mould and within
dovetail grooves formed in the body or core of the armature by means of
insulating material.
In Figures 46 to 49 I have shewn in section various forms of conductors or
elements adapted to operate in the class of machines herein described the terminals
or ends of these conductors are shewn extending to the ends of the armature at the
axis so as to provide for a continuous circuit through such elements when placed
and operated under the inductive influence of magnets arranged in conjunction
therewith as herein described.
These elements are preferably formed within moulds so as to provide for the
distribution of the material in strips or ribbons or continuous surfaces and the
section desired. The conductors may be formed upon an insulating base or upon a
base of conducting or magnetic material covered by insulating material as before
stated. By forming the conductors within the moulds they will be of uniform
construction and of the shape desired so as to be adapted for application as the
elements of the machines with but little labor attending their construction.
Figure 50 is a plan of the lower half of a mould with an armature in section
therein, and,
Figures 51 and 52 are transverse sections of the same on the lines y y and y'y'
Figure 50.
In these Figures I have shewn another form of armature adapted to be provided
with conductors shaped in a form or mould. I have represented the support core
or form with which the conductors are adapted to be combined or of which they
form part as provided with grooves of the form which it is desired the conductors
should have and present to the inductive pole or poles of the magnet or magnets.
I preferably coat this form with pyro-insulating material and then arrange it in the
mould which fits closely against the projections or ribs and in close contact with
the other portions of the armature form or element so as to provide for the con-
ducting material occupying those parts only which are designed to receive the same.
Or bars or ribs may be laid in these recesses or grooves and be united and firmly
secured in position within such form. The conductors may have the same form or
present a similar surface to that described with reference to Figures 13, 15, 17, 33
and 43.
Figures 53 and 54 represent respectively in side view and transverse section one
half and the whole of a inould adapted to provide for forming the conducting element
or elements of an armature when formed upon the face or faces of the axis ends of the

page_text: said armature. These conducting portions may be formed upon such part or parts
substantially as described with reference to some of the other Figures of the drawings.
These conducting elements may have the terminals or connections formed upon or with
them so as to be adapted for use in an electric circuit in which the inductive pole
or poles is or are arranged in connection therewith so as to provide for the induction
of an electric current in such elements without the reversal of the direction of the
current caused by a revolution or movement in any predetermined direction as will
be understood by reference to the description herein given. Or an armature or
element or elements of a machine adapted to operate so as to provide for the
reversal of the current may be formed under such construction or the elements so
shaped or formed may be connected in the external circuit through the medium of
commutating devices as is usual so as to provide for a continuous current in an
external circuit when the elements in which the current is induced are arranged in
such a manner as to provide for the reversal of the current through such elements
one or more times during each revolution.
Figures 55 and 56 represent in plan and vertical section one half of one form of
mould for making the body or support of an armature. Figures 57 and 58
represent in section and perspective the part provided with the conducting
element or elements. Figures 59 and 60 are similar views to Figures 57 and 58
shewing a modified construction of armature whose body is formed in a mould,
Figure 61 represents an end or face view of another construction of armature in
which the conducting strip or ribbon j is formed by moulding. The conducting
clements are built up or formed in a similar manner so as to form part of the
generative portion or portions of an external circuit of an electrical machine (either
a generator or an electric motor) connections with such circuit being made in
accordance with the arrangement of one or more inductive poles of one or more
magnets adapted to operate in connection therewith ns is usual or as herein
specially provided for. The conducting material is shewn as formed upon or
within grooves in the body of the mould or support or body of the armature.
will be understood that in accordance with the number of the elements (whether
in the form of discs plates or bars) coupled in series the electro motive force or
tension of the current from the machine will be regulated.
It
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I Claim :-
First- A dynamo or magneto electric machine or electric engine having its
inductive and conductive element or elements or armature or armatures adapted
to operate in conjunction with one or more magnets whose polarity is of one
denomination and before which the conducting element or elements of one part of
the armature will continuously revolve or be adapted to act and having the con-
ducting element elements or parts of the arinature connected in the electrical
circuit in such a manner at one or both ends of the armature as to provide for the
induction of an electric current through the medium of the conducting material of
such elements or armatures without the reversal of the current (during the move-
ment or revolution of the said elements or armatures in any given direction)
through the conducting element or elements adapted to be connected in the
external circuit with or without being combined in the external circuit with another
element or set of elements or parts of elements operating in conjunction with or
under the inductive action of one or more other magnetic poles.
Second A dynamo or magneto electric machine or electric engine having one
or more inductive or conductive elements or armatures adapted to operate in con-
junction with one or more magnets whose polarity is of one denomination and
before which the conductive element surface or elements of one part of the
armature will continuously revolve or be adapted to act and having one or more
conductive elements or armatures adapted to operate in conjunction with one or
more magnets whose polarity is of an opposite denomination to the above named
magnets and before which the conducting element or elements of one part or some

page_text: other part of the armature will continuously revolve or be adapted to operate so
that the parts of the machine will act independently of each other or in conjunction
for the development or utilization of a continuous current or independent currents
in the same direction through the external circuit to or from the. machine.
Third A dynamo or magneto electric machine of simple or compound form or
an electrical engine having its inductive pole or poles arranged or adapted to
operate in conjunction with a continuous inducting and conducting surface or
element or a series of elements or a continuous coil strip plate ribbon disc or a
series of then built up or formed of or with conducting material and united or
provided with terminals in such a manner as to provide for the passage of the
current continuously in one direction through the conducting clement elements
or parts in or through which the current is induced conducted or utilized such
element or elements being connected with the external circuit at the ends of the
armature or at or near its axis so as to provide for utilizing the inductive action
of a pole or poles of one denomination in conjunction with one face or part and for
utilizing the inductive action of another pole or set of poles in conjunction with
another face or part without the reversal of the current during the revolution or
movement of the faces or parts in any given direction.
:-
Fourth An electric circuit including a dynamo, magneto electric or electro
magnetic machine whose inductive and conductive elements are arranged and
adapted to operate in conjunction with each other in such a manner as to provide
for an electric current being induced in the generating part, or parts of such
machine (or being utilized through such part or parts) connected with the external
circuit at the ends of the conducting element or elements either at one or both
ends of the armature or upon the axis thereof without the reversal of the current
through such element or elements during the revolution or movement of the same
in any given direction.
Fifth-An electric circuit including a dynamo magneto electric or electro
magnetic machine whose inductive and conductive elements are so arranged and
adapted to operate in conjunction with each other as to provide for an electric
current being induced in the generative part or parts of such machine connected
with the external circuit or utilized through such inductive and conductive
elements which are connected at two points at one or both ends of the armature
or element or upon the axis and in such a manner that the current will not
be reversed through such part or parts by the inductive action of the poles of the
magnets operating in conjunction therewith.
Sixth An electric circuit having any two or more of the following elements
connected or combined or adapted to be combined therewith namely a dynamo
magnetic magneto electric or electro magnetic machine whose inductive and
conductive elements are arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction with each
other in such a manner as to provide for an electric current being induced in the
generative part or parts of or connected with the external circuit without the
reversal of the current during the time the part or parts are revolved or moved in
any given direction, devices or means to provide for the translation of the current
so produced into light devices or means for the utilization of an electric current for
heating purposes devices or means for the translation or utilization of the electric
current for motive power and devices or means to provide for the accumulation
or storage of an electric current so produced.
Seventh The method of constructing the conducting part of one or more
elements or part or sections of the conducting portion of one or more elements
or armatures of an electrical machine by shaping or forming such part or parts
thereof upon or with some other piece or part thereof by moulding.
:-
Eighth An electrical machine having one or more or some part of one or more
of its elements shaped in such a manner within a form or mould that the part so
formed will be adapted for use in such machine so as to constitute the conducting
part of an external circuit in which a current is induced or through which a
Current is utilized for motive power:

page_text: Ninth Constructing the part parts surface or surfaces of an armature or
element whose conducting and inducing part parts surface or surfaces or portions
thereof are arranged or secured upon or with a form or mould or shaped within a
form or mould in such a manner that the insulating material employed shall not
cover entirely the face or surface of the conducting part of such elements adapted
to operate in conjunction with one or more poles of one or more magnets so as to
develop or utilize an electric current.
:-
Tenth An electrical machine having one or more or some part of one or more
of its elements composed of bars strips ribbons or plates whose connections at
their ends provide for uniting them in such a manner within a form or mould as to
provide for a series of bars plates strips ribbons or parts so united or formed
constituting part of an electrical circuit in which a current is induced or through
which a current is utilized.
Eleventh-The method of building up or forming one or more parts or elements
adapted for use in an electrical machine or in an electrical circuit by the employ-
ment of plates ribs or bars or metal pieces arranged or packed within a form or
mould and while so arranged united or secured together so as to constitute au
armature or element or some part thereof substantially as set forth.
Twelfth Shaping the conducting element or elements of an electrical machine
within a form or mould or upon a piece or part adapted to provide for the
formation of the elements with extensions or formations adapted to provide for the
completion of the electrical circuit or to be combined formed or connected with
conducting strips or wires leading to the external circuit.
-
Thirteenth The method of constructing one or more elements or parts of one or
more elements (of an electrical machine) by shaping the same within or from a
mould so as to provide for the material so treated being adapted for use or
connection in the electrical circuit of such machine.
Fourteenth A dynamo or magneto electric machine or electric engine having
one or more or some part of one or more of its conducting elements separated or
insulated from each other by pyro insulating material or separated or insulated
from a magnetic or metallic base by pyroinsulating material substantially as
set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 20th day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
W. ROBT. LAKE (L.S.)