IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS FOR DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Vincent Gardner, of 44, Berners Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Professor of Chemistry, and Louis Ash
Israel, and Henry Ash Israel, junior, of 1, Crescent, in the County
. of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS FOR
DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING."
Sealed the 11th May 1866, and dated the 28th December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Vincent
Gardner, Louis Ash Israel, and Henry Ash Israel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th
December 1865.
We, EDWARD VINCENT GARDNER, of 44, Berners Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Professor of Chemistry, and Louis ASH ISRAEL and HENRY
ASH ISRAEL, junior, of 1, Crescent, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COMPOUNDS FOR DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING," to be as follows:-
Firstly, the preparation of a solid; secondly, the preparation of a fluid.
Firstly, we take some suitable compound of zinc or alumina, or a combina-
tion of these, by preference sulphate of zinc, and mix this with powdered.
hydrate of lime, soda, or potash, but we prefer the powdered hydraté of
lime; we afterwards submit this compound to the action of chlorine, or we
mix it with some suitable Hypochlorite, such as bleaching powder, in place
-

page_text: of treating the compound with chlorine. This constitutes the first part of
our Invention.
Secondly, when we prepare the fluid we take a salt or oxide of zinc or
alumina, or a combination of these, and dissolve it in some caustic alkaline
solution or some alkaline compound to saturation. We then treat this with
chlorine, or we mix therewith some hypochlorite, such as hypochlorite of
soda or lime. This constitutes the second part of our Invention. These
compounds may be used for all purposes of deodorizing or disinfecting,
and for purifying gases and removing obnoxious compounds; generally we
take 150 parts of crystallized sulphate of zinc or the mixed salts men-
tioned, 50 parts of powdered hydrate of lime, and 10 parts of a saturated
solution of sulphate of zinc or of the mixed salts; these are mixed and
saturated with chlorine gas or mixed with 30 parts of bleaching powder.
For the fluid we take a solution of caustic alkali of a specific gravity
according to the strength needed, & saturate this first with sulphate of
zinc or the mixed salts or their oxides, so as to make a clear solution;
then with chlorine gas, or in place of chlorine we mix it with its bulk of
a solution of hypochlorite of soda or any suitable hypochlorite. But we
do not confine ourselves to these proportions, as they may be varied
according to particular circumstances. We sometimes color these prepa-
rations with litmus in powder or solution, or with some other suitable
material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Vincent Gardner, Louis Ash Israel, and
Henry Ash Israel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th May:
1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
VINCENT GARDNER, of 44, Berners Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Professor of Chemistry, and LOUIS ASH ISRAEL and HENRY ASH Israel,
junior, of 1, Crescent, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-
ninth year of Her reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and, successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, Louis Ash Israel, and
Henry Ash Israel, Her special licence that we, the said Edward Vincent

page_text: Gardner, Louis Ash Israel, and Henry Ash Israel, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Vincent Gardner,
Louis Ash Israel, and Henry Ash Israel, our executors, administrators;
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUNDS FOR DEODORIZING AND
DISINFECTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edward Vincent Gardner, Louis Ash Israel, and Henry Ash Israel, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, on behalf
of myself and the said Louis Ash Israel and Henry Ash Israel, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Firstly, the preparation of a solid; secondly, the preparation of a fluid.
Firstly, we take some suitable compound of zinc or allumina, or a combi-
nation of these, by preference sulphate of zinc, and mix this with pow-
dered hydrate of lime, soda, or potash, but we prefer the powdered hydrate
of lime as more economical; but any alkaline base that would yield oxide
of zinc by decomposition of the sulphate of zinc would answer as well.
The alkaline base is employed in various proportions according to the use
for which the disinfectant is employed, and whether it is prepared by
saturation with chlorine gas or by simple admixture of some hypochlorite;
in the former case more alkaline base is employed than in the latter. The
same remarks apply to the combination of the salts, if such be employed
in the place of the sulphate of zinc. We proceed more particularly to
explain this first part of our Invention. Generally we take -150 parts of
crystalized sulphate of zinc, or the mixed salts mentioned, and mix these
carefully with 50 parts of powdered hydrite of lime or other alkaline com-
pound. The resulting mixture is watered with 10 parts of a saturated
solution of sulpliate of zinc or of the mixed salts, but this moistening with
the saturated solution is only necessary when the sulphate of zinc. or mixed

page_text: salts employed are quite dry, and not when they are moist from the
crystalizing tank, as in the latter case they will generally have sufficient
saturated solution adhering to them. In the next step we saturate this
compound with chlorine gas in any convenient way. If the compound is
not saturated with chlorine gas as mentioned, it is then intimately mixed
with 30 parts of bleaching powder or some other suitable hypochlorite,
and this constitutes the solid disinfectant. In some cases it is highly
desirable to increase the proportion of alkaline base; thus in disinfecting
acid liquids the alkaline basic compound is largely increased, so as to
render the metallic salts contained in the disinfectant immediately active,
and to, neutralize the free acid of the liquid. When acting, upon gaseous
bodies it is desirable to increase the proportion of the hypochlorite formed
by the action of chlorine or otherwise as described, but it must be under-
stood that while we give the general manner of preparing we do not con-
fine ourselves to this nor to the proportion named, as they can be varied
with advantage according to particular circumstances. This is the first
part of our Invention. This compound has a double action or strength of
deodarizing, inasmuch as the hypochlorous acid of the combined hypo-
chlorites will remove any escaping gaseous noxious bodies, while the.
metallic base will attack any offensive matters that may be either solid or
liquid, and this continuously. This compound will have a specific gravity.
greater than chloride of lime, and will not, as that substance is known to
do, float upon the surface of the fluid to be disinfected, and thus escaping
in waste, but will at once and intimately mix with it, and gradually falling
to the bottom of the vessel in which the fluid to be disinfected is contained
will completely invest and disinfect its particles. This compound mixes
much more readily with both solids and liquids than chloride of lime will
do. It possesses no unpleasant odour, nor is it deliquescent like chloride
of lime..
Secondly, when we prepare the fluid we take a salt or oxide of zinc or
allumina, or a combination of these, and dissolve it in some caustic alkaline
solution or some alkaline compound which shall free the oxitle or oxides
contained, and then redissolve them and this to saturation; the specific
gravity of the alkaliue compound should be according to the strength
needed in the resulting, disinfectant. The greater the proportion of alkali,
the greater will be the proportion of the metallic salt decomposed and of
oxide redissolved; the solution is then saturated with gaseous chlorine, or
in place of this it is mixed with its bulk of a concentrated solution of
hypochlorate of soda, or any suitable hypochlorite. This furnishes a clear

page_text: and powerful liquid for disinfecting purposes. But if appearance is of no
consideration we then increase the proportion of metallic oxide, and are
not particular to remove any that remains undissolved, as its presence is
found to greatly increase the power of the compound when used for
disinfecting.
Having thus made known the general mode of proceeding, we do not
confine ourselves to this particular method, nor to any precise quantities as
methods of convenience, and advantageous variation of quantities differing
from those mentioned may be advisable in particular circumstances. This
is the second part of our Invention. These compounds may be colored
with any suitable coloring material if required, and may be used for all
purposes of deodorizing or disinfecting, and for purifying gases and
removing obnoxious compounds generally. What we claim is, the combi-
nation of the substances nained for the preparation of a compound for
disinfecting, deodorizing, and purifying, and for removing noxious sub-
stances.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Vincent Gardner, on behalf
of myself and the said Louis Ash Israel and Henry Ash Israel, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, ir
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
EDWARD V. GARDNER, C. E. (L.S.)