IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBING."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Blue Harris, of Castle Mills, Fountain-
bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Blue Harris
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th November 1873.
I, ISAAC BLUE HARRIS, of Castle Mills, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh,
Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of tubing, which may be
employed in the distribution of illuminating gas and other fluids, or
as conduits for oils, beer, spirits, and alkaline and acid liquids, and
analogous articles.
It is well known that metallic tubing is unsuited to some of the above-
named uses, and that vulcanized india-rubber tubing, although in respect
of its material, applicable to some of these uses, requires strengthening
by the addition thercto of an internal coil of wire, the presence of

page_text: which serves still further to contract the application of that manu-
facture.
It is also well known that india-rubber under certain conditions will
resist the action of oils and spirits, and that alkaline and acid liquids
will have no effect thereon, and that, moreover, structural strength may
be imparted to the india-rubber that will render it able to resist unaided
external pressure.
Availing myself of these facts I now propose to manufacture india-
rubber tubing which shall possess a horny texture. For this purpose I
prepare a compound of sulphur and rubber in the proportions commonly
employed in the production of what is known as semi-vulcanite, and
this material, when converted into tubing, I submit to the well-known
curing process.
The tubing may be made thin so as to ensure its flexibility, and it
may be strengthened when required, either internally or externally, by a
coil of wire.
In order to enlarge the applicability of this semi-hard rubber, or semi-
vulcanite tubing, I use the composition of which it is formed as an
internal facing for a soft rubber tube. In this case the soft rubber will
protect and strengthen the inner tube or lining without detracting from
its flexibility.
Tubing of this compound character will be applicable to all the uses
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac Blue Harris in the Great Seal Patent Office 2
on the 27th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC BLUE
HARRIS, of Castle Mills, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-

page_text: cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Isaac Blue Harris, Her
special licence that I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isaac Blue
Harris, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBING," upon
the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed and to the letters and figures marked theeon (that is to
say) :—
This Invention relates to the manufacture of tubing suitable for
distributing illuminating gas and other fluids, or as conduits for oils,
beer, spirits, and alkaline and acid liquids.
It is well known that metallic tubing is unsuited to some of the
above-named uses, and that vulcanized india-rubber tubing, although
in respect of its material applicable to some of these uses, requires
strengthening by the addition thereto of an internal coil of wire, the
presence of which still further limits the application of that manu-
facture.
It is also well known that india-rubber, under certain conditions, will
resist the action of oils and spirits, and that alkaline and acid .liquids
will have no effect thereon, and that, morcover, structural strength may
be imparted to the india-rubber compound sufficient to enable it to resist
unaided external pressure without unduly detracting from its flexibility.
Availing myself of these facts I now propose to manufacture india-

page_text: rubber tubing the internal surface of which shall possess a horny
character. For this purpose I prepare a compound of sulphur and
india-rubber in the proportions commonly employed in the production of
what is known as semi-vulcanite, and this material, when converted into
tubing I submit to the well known curing process. By this means I 5
produce a tube similar to that shewn in the accompanying Drawing at
Fig. 1.
The tubing is made thin to ensure its flexibility, and when required
I strengthen it externally by a coil of wire as shewn at Fig. 2. When
however the tube is to be applied to a purpose for which an internal 1
strengthening coil is not inapplicable, as for example, gas tubing, the
strengthening coil may be placed within the tube.
In order to enlarge the applicability of this semi-hard rubber or semi-
vulcanite tubing, I use the composition of which it is formed as an
internal facing for a soft rubber tube. This modification is shewn at 1
Fig. 3. In this case the soft rubber will protect and strengthen the
inner tube or lining without detracting from its flexibility.
Tubing of this compound character will be applicable to most of the
uses above indicated, and it will, like the example shewn at Fig. 1,
admit of receiving protection from external pressure by the application 2
thereto of a coil of wire, either internally as at Fig. 4, or externally as
at Fig. 5.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Manufacture of Flexible Tubing," and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the 2
above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim, manufacturing flexible
tubing with an internal surface of semi-hard india-rubber or semi-
vulcanite, in the manner and for the purposes above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of May, in 30
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-

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