Improvements in Crushing Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1893-Accepted, 5th Aug., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Crushing Machines.
I, ROBERT MCCULLY, of 1415, North Nineteenth Street, in the City of
Philadelphia, in the County of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, one
of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :---
My invention has relation to crushing machines having a gyratory shaft and
crusher head; and it has for its object the construction and arrangement of parts
to avoid all unnecessary friction at or on the working parts, to admit of easy and
quick adjustment of the shaft and crusher head from the top of the machine, of
easy and quick removal and replacement of the actuating mechanism at the lower
end of the shaft without dismantling the entire machine, and of oiling such
actuating parts without danger to the attendant and without stopping the machine
while it is crushing or running; whereby an easy running, durable and efficient
gyratory crusher is provided capable of turning out the largest possible product
with minimum engine power and running cost per day.
My invention accordingly consists of the combinations, constructions and
arrangements of parts as hereinafter described and claimed.
Reference is had to the accompanying drawings wherein,
Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of a crusher embodying my
improvements and showing one form of supporting and adjusting devices at the
upper end of the shaft for it and the crusher head.
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the upper end of shaft sleeve
bearing, supporting and adjusting nuts or devices and the hub of the spider or
top plate of the machine with the sectional cover for the spider hub opening
removed.
Figure 3 is a like view with the upper cover section removed; the lower cover
section being in place.
Figure 4 is a similar view with both cover sections in position and showing more
plainly the bearing and adjusting and supporting devices for the upper end of the
shaft as indicated in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view of part of the upper threaded end of the
shaft and supporting and adjusting devices or nuts, indicating more plainly
the relative difference of surface contact between the shaft and nut threads for
obtaining a nut support for the upper end of the shaft which will not work loose
to wear the shaft and nut threads.
Figure 6, is a plan, partly sectional, of shaft and its supporting and adjusting
nuts and set screw in one of said nuts for taking up any looseness or play between
the key for the adjusting nut and the shaft.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of the lower part of the machine showing more
plainly the removable bottom with initial starting devices and means for sustaining
and gradually lowering it to a temporary support for repairs or the replacement
of the actuating parts for the lower end of the gyratory shaft on or supported
by said bottom, said lowered or temporary position being indicated by dotted
lines x and y.
Figure 8 is an elevation of lower or chute casing section and bottom plate,
showing manhole with cover in said casing section for access to interior of it for
oiling the actuating devices for the shaft, without danger to attendant and without
stopping the machine.
Figure 9 is a like view with the man hole cover or door removed and the dust
shield lifted for oiling.

page_text: Figure 10 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another or improved form of tor
supporting and adjusting devices for the shaft and crusher head.
Figure 11 is an enlarged sectional view of said devices shaft and spider, and
Figure 12 is a plan of the same with spider hub opening cover removed.
A represents the crushing machine composed of top plate or spider B, of
crushing chamber casing section C having a suitable lining or facing e supported in
position as shown or otherwise as desired, of chute casing section D having one or
more chutes a dividing casing section D into upper and lower chambers d' and d
respectively and of an annular casing bottom plate E having an inner annular
recess e with top flange e¹ into which recess e snugly fits and upon which flange e' is
supported by bolts e² and e³, a removable bottom plate F having integrally formed
on or secured to it a well or chamber f for the lower end of the gyratory
shaft G and part of its actuating devices. H represents the crusher head secured
in position by a lower key h which has suitable seats or ways in the shaft and lower
part of the bore of the crusher head so as to prevent it turning independently of
or working loose on shaft G and it is held down to its seat on shaft G by a ring h¹
and keys on shaft G at the top of the crusher head. The well f on removable
bottom F has an inwardly projecting flange supporting a tubular bushing for
the depending tubular hub k of driving wheel K which is separate from and keyed
to said hub k at its upper end. Below the wheel K, the hub k has an exterior
peripheral flange k resting upon the edge f³ of well surrounding which
edge is an annular oil chamber f' having horizontal ducts f leading to the
tubular bushing f2.
The hub has at its top an oil chamber and is provided with an eccentric
bore inclined to correspond to the angle of the shaft G. In said eccentric bore the
end g of shaft G has its bearing as shown.
f represents a drip cock for well fand f is an overflow from oil chamber
provided with a pipe 7 which leads from the machine to a suitable receptacle not
shown in the drawings. M represents a dust shield for the lower end bearing of
shaft G and it is composed of a loose cap m and flexible shield m'. Cap m surrounds
shaft G and rests upon the upper surface of the hub of the driving wheel K as shown.
This cap may be of any
suitable construction having inner oiling chamber m² which
leads to hub oiling chamber and an outer oiling chamber m³ leading to the
bearing surface of cap m on wheel K. Cap m is provided with a chain m' or other
loose connection, the free end of which is connected to a hook or pin m³ on shaft G
so as to follow it in its movements and thereby dispensing with a feather or spline
connection between said cup and shaft; such chain connection being more effective
and economical than the spline or feather one, and is not liable to get out of order
or wear unduly, and it prevents the cap m from revolving with the driving wheel K.
The flexible shield m' is suitably secured at its top to shaft G and its lower stiffened
edge rests upon the cap m outside of the oil chambers m² m³ so as to prevent dust
or debris finding access thereto or to the bearing of the lower end g of shaft G.
The spider B has a hub with bore b¹ at the bottom of which is an inwardly
projecting flange 62 supporting a tubular sleeve 63 and if desired a washer
interposed between sleeve 63 and flange 62. As shown in Figure 1 the sleeve 63 has
a cylindrical bore fitting the correspondingly shaped upper end g of shaft G and
the bore of hub is tapered from below upwardly corresponding to the angle of
shaft G so as to provide upper and lower line bearings for shaft G corresponding to
its angle, in order, that it and the crusher head H can be adjusted to take up the
wear of the crushing faces or graduate the degree of fineness of the crushing
without altering the angle of the shaft and, consequently, without producing
friction at and heating of its bearings.
At the top of hub opening b is an oil chamber 6 in which is a feathered edge
washer surrounding sleeve which graduates the supply of oil to the hub bore
bearing for sleeve 63 and directs away from the sleeve any grit or dirt finding access 5
to said chamber.
The upper end 9 of shaft G may be threaded as shown in Figures 1 to 6 in which case

page_text: and threaded end is provided with two nuts n, n' which may be of any suitable
configuration or construction. They may also be of the same or different sizes or
thickness.
In the drawings they are shown of the same size but of different thicknesses, the
upper nut n being of the greater thickness as its threads alone support the entire
weight of the shaft and crusher head. The lower nut n' bears upon the upper edge
of the sleeve 63 and said edge preferably projects above the oil chamber 6.
P represents the removable cover which, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, is
composed of two horizontally parted sections ppl the upper one p being the oil cap
section as it alone is removed when oil is supplied to chamber 6 and the lower ring
section p being removed only when the nuts n n' are to be adjusted or access had
thereto. These cover sections as well as the top of the hub opening have
preferably any form of rabbetted or other constructed meeting edges so that said
sections will maintain themselves in position without the aid of screws, bolts or
other fastening devices. The threads for the upper end g¹ of shaft G and for the
nuts n n may be of any suitable form in cross section and the nuts may be
peripherally configured as desired for the application of a turning tool or device.
In the drawings they are shown provided with spanner recesses or lugs n to admit
of powerful turning pressure being applied thereto, and in order to afford easy
access of the spanner to the nuts and the application of its greatest turning pressure
the lower removable cover section pl is provided, which, when detached from the
machine, leaves the nuts n and n' fully exposed.
Either of the nuts n or n² may be the adjusting nut for the shaft and crusher
head, and whichever one is used the other is the locking nut, in any case, however,
the downward crushing pressure and the weight of the shaft and crusher head falls
entirely upon the threads of the upper nut and not upon those of the lower nut.
The adjusting nut, whichever of the two nuts may be used, has a key connection n³
with shaft G which key is inserted into its seat in the shaft and nut so as to be
readily removable when the nut is turned to adjust the shaft, and the locking nut
is provided with an obliquely arranged set screw n see more plainly Figure 6.
The direction or obliqueness of the set screw n is such that when turned its inner
end n impinges against the shaft G beyond its centre as shown, and it turns the
locking nut to finish tightening in to take up any looseness between the key and its
seat in the adjusting nut. By so doing any tendency of the adjusting nut to work
loose owing to the play between its key n³ and seat is avoided.
In Figures 2 and 4 the lower nut n' is represented as the adjusting nut and it
has a key n; the upper nut n being the locking nut and it is provided with the
set screw n, while in Figs. 3 and 6 the reverse is the case.
To provide for easy removal of the key n³ in nut n¹ a suitable recess ne is formed
in the upper part of the key way in the nut, and the key is provided with an eye or
lug n in line with said recess for the insertation of a suitable tool into the recess for
engaging the lug or eye of the key. The upper nut n requires no such recess as the
top of the key may project above the nut as shown.
In setting or adjusting the shaft and crusher head, the adjusting nut, say nut n', is
first turned to bring the crusher head to the required adjustment relatively to
the crushing faces, the key n³ is then inserted into position to lock the nut' to the
shaft and prevent it from turning. The nut n is then screwed or turned down hard
or jammed against the adjusting nut n'. The effect of which is, that the lower
surfaces n of the threads of adjusting nut n' impinge tightly upon the upper surface
of the shaft threads, see more plainly Fig. 5 and the upper surfaces n³ of said
nut threads and the lower surfaces of the shaft threads do not impinge or contact
while on the other hand, the upper surfaces 10 of the threads in nut a impinge
ightly against the lower surface of the shaft threads and the lower surfaces n" of
aid nut threads and the upper surfaces of the shaft threads do not impinge or
contact.
As the lower surfaces of the shaft threads impinge or contact tightly with the
upper surfaces 10 of the threads of the upper nut n and not with the corresponding

page_text: thread surfaces of the lower nut n', the threads of the upper nut alone support or
bear the weight of the shaft and crusher head and also the downward pressure or
strains incident to crushing while the threads of the lower nut n' are entirely
relieved of such weight and pressure, and as the pressure on the nuts is in opposite
directions they do not work loose and all wear of the nut and shaft threads is
wholly avoided.
After both nuts have been fully adjusted the set screw n in the locking nut n is
adjusted to take up any play between the key n³ and its seat in the adjusting nut n
to further prevent any tendency of loosening of said nut due to said play. The
same result occurs when the nut n is the adjusting and the nut n¹ the locking nut as
indicated in Figures 1, 3 and 6.
If desired right and left shaft threads of different depths, one thread for the
upper and the other for the lower nut may be employed instead of a single shaft
thread, see Figure 2.
To avoid the extended frictional surface between nut n' and top edge of sleeve b³
as well as to bring the upper end support for shaft G coincident with its axis as
near as may be, the construction of supporting and adjusting mechanism for the
upper end of shaft G, shown in Figures 10 to 12 inclusive is preferred,
especially in large size machines, and consists of a screw rod T having
a nut with depending tubular flange t¹ passing through opening in a
second spider or support 3 resting on hub band having an oil
surrounding the nut t.
cup t'
The latter has a key connection s' with rod T. The
lower end of rod T passes through an opening g' in a screw plug g³ in recess or
opening g' in the top of shaft G, and has a suitably configured head to spherical or
semi-spherical as shown in Figures 10 to 11 respectively. The screw rod T is
preferably made tubular or is provided with an axially located oil chambers for
conducting oil from its top to the shaft end recess g for oiling the bearings of the
screw rod head to. The other end of rod T is made square or of any suitable form
for the application thereto of a wrench or spanner. In Figures 10 to 11 the hub
bore is cylindrical to fit sleeve 3 and the bore of the latter tapers from below
upwardly corresponding to the angle of the shaft.
The removable bottom F is suitably secured to the bottom E by bolts e² e³ of
which two or more of them e³ are of greater length than the others, which longer
bolts are oppositely or otherwise located as desired to sustain the removable
bottom and appurtenances accompanying it when it is lowered from the machine.
The bottom F is also provided between the bolts with set screws e the upper
end of which impinge against the under side of the recess e in the bottom E of
chute chamber d².
To remove bottom F the nuts on the short bolts e³ are first unscrewed, the nuts
on long bolts e² are loosened and the set screws e are turned to effect the initial
starting of the bottom F from its recess or bearing e in the casing section bottom E.
This operation is continued until the bottom F is clear of its bearing or recess e
after which the nuts on the long bolts 2 are unscrewed to gradually lower the
bottom F to a temporary support for access to it and the appurtenances removed
with it. Such removal is indicated in Figure 7 by dotted lines a and y the latter
being the temporary rest for the removed botton and after it is in position upon
rest 3, the nuts on bolts e²e are removed and the latter are raised into the casing
section D to admit of the bottom F or any of the appurtenances thereon being
removed from beneath the machine for repairs or replacement.
If one of the long bolts be located beneath and adjacent to the lower outer
end of the chute d a suitable opening d' in line with bolt e' is formed in chute d to
admit of raising said bolt clear of the removable bottom after it is in position on
rest y as indicated by dotted line 2, Fig. 7. Said opening d is covered by an
extension chute d³ which fits into a recess or rabbett d on chute d, see more
plainly Fig. 1.
To oil the actuating devices for shaft G in chamber d², a manhole a is provided
in one side thereof intermediate between the chute opening a¹ and counter shaft

page_text: opening a in casing section D, which opening a is covered by a door or other
shield a as shown in Fig. 8, which door or cover is opened or removed and
the shield m' is raised on one side to admit of pouring oil into the oil cups
or chambers m² m² on cap m as indicated in Figure 9 and this oiling is done
while the machine is running and without danger to the attendant.
From the foregoing it will be noted that I do not confine myself to the
construction and arrangement of the novel features hereof as the same may be
varied without departing from the spirit of the invention.
While I have shown the hub b with a conical bore and the bearing sleeve ³ as
having a cylindrical form, it will be obvious that the same result can be secured by
making the hub with a cylindrical bore and imparting a conical form to the
bearing sleeve, the bevel in each case corresponding to the angle of the shaft G.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. In a crushing machine having an eccentrically gyrating shaft, a single
supporting and adjusting screw rod directly engaging with the top of said shaft and
having a bearing located at the top of the machine, substantially as described.
Second. The combination with the shaft G having a top recess or bore, a tubular
plug in said bore, a support T having a head t in said bore and passing through
said plug, top holding nuts or keys for said bolt or support, and oil passages,
substantially as described.
Third. In a gyratory machine a crusher head shaft upheld from the top of the
machine by a single axially located support having a direct connection with
the upper end of the shaft, and mechanism on said support for vertically adjusting
it and the crusher head on the shaft to take up the wear of the crushing surfaces or
to graduate the degree of fineness of the crushing, substantially as described.
Fourth. In a crushing machine, the combination of a gyratory shaft having a
cylindrical upper end, a bore or recess in said end, a hollow tubular screw plug in
said bore, and a single tubular screw bolt or rod support engaging with the under
side of said plug for supporting and vertically adjusting said shaft, substantially as
described.
Fifth. The combination with the recessed upper end of a gyratory crushing
shaft, a tubular plug supporting and adjusting screw rod passing through and
engaging with said plug, and a support or bearing for said screw rod, substantially
as set forth.
Sixth. The combination with a gyratory shaft and frame of a crushing machine,
a single supporting screw rod located at and having a bearing on the top of said
frame, and engaging directly with the top of the shaft, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. In a crushing machine having a gyratory shaft, a freely suspended
and adjustable single supporting device T engaging with the top of the shaft, and
oiling channels for the bearing surfaces of said shaft and supporting devices,
substantially as set forth.
Eighth. In combination with shaft G having recess g, tubular plug 92, screw
rod T having nut t with depending flange t', and frame top plate having bearing
for said nut, substantially as set forth.
Ninth. In a gyratory crusher, the combination with the top plate or spider
having a hub opening, a gyratory shaft, and sectional cover for the top of said hub
opening, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. In combination with the spider or top plate hub opening, of a gyratory
crusher, a two part or sectional cover, and rabbetted meeting edges for said sections
and hub opening, substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. In combination with a gyratory crusher, a removable bottom, short
and long length securing bolts for said bottom, and set screws interposed between
the bolts, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Twelfth. In a gratory crusher, the combination of removable bottom F,

page_text: bolts, chute d, having opening d and rabbet or recess d and extension
chute do, substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of gyratory shaft having
upper threaded end, supporting adjusting and locking nuts at said end, and the
threads of the shaft having different surface contact with the nuts, substantially as
set forth.
Fourteenth. In a gyratory crusher, a shaft having at its upper end superposed
adjusting and locking nuts, the threads of the upper nut sustaining the entire
weight of the shaft and crusher head and downward pressure of crushing, and the
threads of the lower nut being relieved of such weight and pressure, substantially
as set forth.
Fifteenth. In combination with a gyratory shaft having an upper threaded end,
an adjusting and a locking nut on said end, a key engagement between the adjusting
nut and shaft, and set screw for the locking nut, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth. A gyratory crushing machine having the actuating devices for the
shaft located or supported upon the bottom plate and the latter removable from
the machine without dismantling the same, substantially as set forth.
Seventeenth. A gyratory crushing machine having a lower section D, with
inwardly projecting bottom flange, and removable bottom F secured to said flange,
substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth. In a gyratory crushing machine the lower section or frame D
having a chute, counter shaft and manhole side openings, an inwardly projecting
bottom flange, and a removable bottom F secured to said flange, substantially as
set forth.
Nineteenth. A lower section for a gyratory machine having an open bottom and
an inwardly projecting flange, and a removable bottom plate bolted to said flange,
substantially as set forth.
Twentieth. In combination with a gyratory crusher shaft, working eccentric and
driving wheel a cap m having a chain or equivalent connection with said shaft,
substantially as set forth.
Twenty-first. In a crushing machine having a gyratory shaft, the combination of
bottom having well f, an inwardly projecting flange f¹, a bushing f2 supported
on said flange, and actuating devices for the lower end of said shaft, substantially
as set forth.
Twenty-second. In a crushing machine, the combination of a gyratory shaft
having a cylindrical upper end, a bore or recess in said end, a hollow tubular screw
plug in said bore, a single tubular screw bolt or rod support engaging with the
under side of said plug for supporting and vertically adjusting said shaft, and a
sleeve bearing for the cylindrical upper end of said shaft, substantially as set
forth.
Twenty-third. In a gyratory crusher, the combination of a gyratory shaft having
upper threaded end, supporting, adjusting and locking nuts at said end, the threads
of the shaft having different surface contact with the nuts and a supporting sleeve
bearing 3 for said upper threaded shaft end, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1803
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.