IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING NAP OR PILE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
RAISING NAP OR PILE."-A communication from Messrs. F. H. Schrocr and
CT Best of Moisson in the Kingdom of Saxony.
Sealed the 30th May 1856, and dated the 25th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1856.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR RAISING NAP OR PILE," a communication from Messieurs F. II. Schroer and
C. E. Rost, of Meissen, in the Kingdom of Saxony, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus known in the trade as gig mills, for raising the nap or
pile on cloth or woollen fabrics. According to this Invention, the apparatus is
so arranged that it may either be used separately to raise nap or pile crosswise
or transversely only, or it may be combined with an ordinary longitudinal nap
machine, and made to raise the nap both crosswise or transversely and longi-
tudinally at the same time.

page_text: The motion imparted to the teazles, or their equivalents, in this apparatus,
is made to resemble as much as possible the motion of the teazles in cross-
napping by hand. The raising cylinder, which rotates in suitable bearings,
is moved at the same time in such a manner as to nap the cloth trans-
versely at those places where it comes in contact with it. This napping
cylinder is composed of three discs fast upon a revolving shaft, which turns
freely at each extremity in the bosses of two fixed spiral blades. In the
three discs are fitted a number of guide rods, arranged parallel to the cylinder's
axis, which is placed transversely to the cloth. Along these rods slide the
teazle bars, which are traversed backwards and forwards in a direction parallel
to the axis of the cylinder during its rotation by means of suitable claws or
rollers, which fit on to the peripheries, or bear against the sides of the fixed
spirals. Thcso spirals are broken or discontinued for a space equal to about
one-twelfth of their circumference, such break being on the upper side, so that
on the bars arriving at that point they will be free from the spirals, and aro
then drawn across the cloth by means of a hooked sliding bar actuated by a
crank and connecting rod. They are then again laid hold of by the recom-
mencement of the spirals, and during the rotation of the cylinder are brought
into a position again for another stroke, that is, they are moved in towards
the centre of the cylinder. It will thus be obvious that the pile will be
raised transversely by the sliding motion of the toazle bars, whilst at the same
time that the napping cylinder continues to revolve, such revolution being in
the direction of the length of the cloth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th September 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson,. Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as

page_text: I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING NAP OR PILE," a com-
munication from Messrs. F. H. Schroer and C. E. Rost, of Meissen, in the
Kingdom of Saxony," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus known in the trade as gig mills, for raising the nap or
pile on cloth or woollen fabrics. According to this Invention, the apparatus is
so arranged that it may either be used separately to raise the nap or pile cross-
wise or transversely only, without joining or combining it with an ordinary
lengthway raising gig mill, or it may be combined with an ordinary longitudinal
nap machine, and made to raise the nap bath crosswise or transversely and
longitudinally at the same time, which will be found of great importance in the
trade.
The motion imparted to the teazles, or their equivalents, in this apparatus
is made to resemble as much as possible the motion of the teazles in cross-
napping by hand. The raising cylinder, which rotates in suitable bearings, is
moved at the same time in such a manner as to nap the cloth transversely at
those places where it comes in contact with it. This raising or napping cylinder
is composed of three discs fixed upon a revolving shaft, which turns freely at
each extremity in the bosses of two fixed spiral blades. In the three dises is
fitted a number of guide rods, arranged parallel to the axis of the cylinder,
which axis is placed transversely to the length of the cloth. Along these guide
rods slide the teazle bars, which are traversed in a direction parallel to the axis
of the cylinder during its rotation by means of suitable claws or rollers, which
fit ou to the periphery, or bear against the sides of the fixed spiral blades.

page_text: These spirals are broken or discontinued for a space equal to about one-twelfth
of their circumference, such break being on the side on which the cloth is
brought into contact with the cylinder, so that on the bars arriving at that point
they will be free from the spirals, and are then drawn or pushed across the
cloth by means of a hooked sliding bar actuated by a crank and connecting
rod. They are then again laid hold of by the recommencement of the spirals,
and during the rotation of the cylinder are brought into a position again ready
for another stroke, that is, they are moved in towards the centre of the cylinder.
It will thus be obvious that the pile will be raised transversely by the sliding
motion of the teazle bars, whilst at the same time the napping cylinder con-
tinues to revolve, such revolution being in the direction of the length of the
cloth.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same; and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of an ordinary longi-
tudinal gig mill with my improvements attached; and Figure 2 is a corre-
sponding front elevation of the same with the teazle bars removed. The rest
of the Figures are various details, which I shall herein-after more fully describe.
A is the shaft or axis of the nap-raising cylinder, which is shewn in trans-
verse and longitudinal detail section at Figures 3 and 4; this shaft turns in
bearings at B, B, fixed on the main side standards C, C. Upon each of these
bearings is fixed or cast a spiral disc or worm D, for the purpose of imparting
motion to the teazle bars E, E, shewn in detail plan at Figures 5 and 6, as
will be herein-after more fully described. On the shaft A are keyed three or
more dises F, F, at suitable distances apart, and through these discs, near their
circumferences, are passed 12 or any other conveniens
number of guide
rods G, G, arranged parallel to the shaft A, and placed at equal distances
apart round the discs. These rods form the guides for the teazle bars E, E,
to slide along, such bars being fitted to the rails H, II; which are furnished
with guide lugs or eyes I, I, sliding along the rods G, G, for the purpose of
guiding them in their movements to and fro along the cylindor. The teazle
bars, as will be seen on referring to Figures 5 and 6, are rather inore than half
the length of the rails which carry them, and are mounted thereon in such a
manner that one teazle bar is situated on the left side of the centre of the
cylinder in one rail, whilst the next succeeding rail has its bar on the right-hand
side of the centre, as shewn clearly by the plans of two consecutive bars and

page_text: rails at Figures 5 and 6; a small portion only of the teazle bar is shewn in
Figure 6. The transverse motion of the rails and their teazle bars is effected
in the following manner:-Each of the spirals D, D, when 12 teazle bars are
employed, contains eleven-twelfths of a full screw thread or circumference,
the remaining one-twelfth of the circumference being left open, as shewn in
Figure 7. These spirals act each upon six of the rails which carry the teazle
bars, such rails being fitted at one end with a claw or fork K, which embraces
the periphery of the spiral, as shewn in Figure 4, and the consecutive rails are
connected with the right and left hand spirals alternately. It will thus be obvious,
that during the rotation of the cylinder, the rails H, II, which carry the teazle
bars, and which are connected alternately with a right and left hand spiral
(such spirals being stationary), will be traversed longitudinally or lengthwise
along the guide rods of the cylinder, and as the axis of the cylinder is placed
transversely to the length of the cloth to be teazled, it follows that the sliding
motion of the teazle bars will be in the direction of the breadth of the cloth.
Supposing the cylinder and shaft A to be rotating in the direction of the
arrows, as shewn in Figure 2, the teazle bars on the opposite ends of the
consecutive rails will be pushed or slid in from both ends of the cylinder
simultaneously towards the centre, as shewn by the arrows in Figure 4. This
motion will continue so long as the claws or forks on the ends of the rails
embrace the peripheries of the spirals, but immediately the rail arrives at the
break or termination of the spiral or screw thread, the small antifriction pulley
L on the end of such rail is acted upon by the broad booked extremity M of
the sliding rod M', shewn in detail, plan and side elevation, at Figures 8 and 9
respectively. This rod slides longitudinally in the bearings N, and is connected
at O to the liuk P, which is jointed to the crank Q on the inclined shaft R,
and this shaft is arranged by suitable gearing to make six revolutions for one
revolution of the napping cylinder. It will thus be obvious that the rod M
will make 6.strokes in towards the centre of the cylinder, and 6 strokes back
again in the contrary direction, during which movements it alternately pushes
and draws out with it the teazle bars as they successively arrive at the break
in the spirals, and causes them to traverse along the surface of the cloth in the
direction of its breadth, thereby raising the nap transversely. At the same
time; however, that each teazle bar is being drawn transversely across the cloth,
5 it is carried longitudinally, or in the direction of the length of the cloth, to a
.distance corresponding to the width of the opening or break in the spirals,
which in this case amounts to 1/12th of the circumference of the raising
cylinder, by which means the nap is also raised longitudinally. In order to
admit of the teazle bar making this 1/12th of a revolution round the axis of the

page_text: cylinder simultaneously with its own longitudinal traverse, the hook M, which
lays hold of or pushes against the antifriction pulley L, is made sufficiently
broad to admit of the lateral movement of the bar taking place whilst it is still
acted upon by the hook, the antifriction pulley L running during the lateral
motion of the bar along the broad surface of the hook M. On the arrival of
each bar at the end of its longitudinal traverse or course across the cloth its
claw or fork becomes again engaged with the spiral thread or disc, which,
during 11/12ths of the revolution of the cylinder, causes the bar to be slowly
traversed towards the centre again, ready to be reacted upon by the sliding
bar and hook M, in the manner herein-before described. Thus, as each teazle
bar is moved or traversed by the crank and sliding rod M' during the
remaining 1/12th part of the revolution of the raising cylinder, at which time
the teazle bar is free from the action of the spiral, and since at this period the
contact with the cloth takes place, it follows that the work of each teazle bar is
effected whilst the cylinder is making 1/12th part of a revolution. By suitably
arranging the sizes of the gearing which drives the crank shaft R, the relative
speeds of such shaft and the cylinder may be varied to any desired extent,
thereby altering the amount of cross-napping in proportion to the lengthway
napping. S, S, are guide pieces, fixed to the standards of the machine, and
sorving to carry the slides T, T, which are furnished with guiding rollers
U, U, for the purpose of regulating the degree of peripheral contact between
the cloth and the raising cylinder. The cloth, which is shewn by a blue line,
as it advances towards the raising cylinder is kept in a state of tension, both
laterally and longitudinally, by being passed under and over the series of
stretcher or tenter bars V, V.
Figure 10 represents a modified form of spiral or twisted inclined plane
for working the teazlo bars, in which arrangement the claw or fork would
be replaced by a small antifriction' roller working against the edge of the
incline.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention; and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore clain as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general combination of machinery or apparatus for raising the
nap or pile of cloth, as herein-before described.

page_text: Second, the application and use of spirals or twisted incline planes, in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode herein-before described of raising the nap or pile
of cloth both longitudinally and transversely at one operation, by the employ-
ment of a nap-raising cylinder, fitted with teazle bars, and rotating in the
direction of the length of the cloth to be raised, such teazle bars having a
sliding motion imparted to them in the direction of the breadth of the cloth
simultaneously with their movement of rotation round the axis of the nap-
raising cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-fifth day of September; One thousand
cight hundred and fifty-six.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)