Improved Means for Storing and Transporting Electrical Energy.INGLECTRICAL ENER
Year: 1884

page_text: Improved Means for Storing and Transporting Electrical Energy.
I JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR STORING AND TRANSPORTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY" which Invention has been
communicated to me from abroad by Lebbeus Harding Rogers of New York City
in the County and State of New York United States of America Manufacturer
to be as follows:-
-
The main object of this Invention is the transfer of power from point to point,
so as to enable the power of natural sources, such as strong winds, tides, waterfalls
and the like to be utilized at distant places, but it may be used at least in part for
other purposes.
1
Heretofore it has been proposed to convert the energy of waterfalls and like
sources into electricity and to conduct this electricity over wires to translating
devices at distant points, but this system is objectionable for long distances on
account of the larger and consequently extensive conductors which would have to
be employed.
The present invention contemplates the charging of storage batteries or electric
accumulators of any ordinary or suitable construction and the transportation of the
charged cells to the places where the power is to be utilized and it consists in
building cells of storage batteries into vehicles of all kinds for land or water.
transportation, such as carts, wagons, rail road cars, canal, boats barges, river boats,
ships and the like, so that the frames of the vehicles constitute in whole or in part
the containing vessels of the batteries. The vehicles may be adapted for use solely
as conveyors of electrical energy, but owing to the weight of the battery plates,
electrodes or elements, it is preferred to make the lower part into a battery and to
provide in addition accommodations for freight or passengers.
The Invention comprises special constructions arrangements and combinations of
parts which will be hereinafter described.
In carrying out this Invention when applied to. a Ship boat or the like, 1
the frame of the vessel is composed of outer plankings ribs and inner planking.

page_text: -
On
A wooden beam is secured length wise of the frame on each side thereof at the
required distance above the bottom, according to the depth which the secondary
battery is to have, and in a groove in each of these beams a metal bar is set.
these beams are wooden strips, on the top edges of which a cover rests to close the
hold of the vessel. The hold is lined with corrugated or crimped sheet had the
corrugations or crimping preferably being slight and extending.width wise of the
vessel. The lining is separated from the enclosing walls by a packing preferably of
mineral fibre, such as mineral or slag, wool or asbestos. The lead lining is in two
parts, one part being attached to the frame of the vessel, and the other part to the
cover or as the cover would in some cases for convenience in lifting be divided into
several parts, the lining thereof would also be so divided-Both lining and packing
extend into the space between the cover and the ledges on which it rests.
The electrodes or battery plates or elements of the cell, are placed in the said
hold. They may be of any ordinary or suitable construction for example, they
may comprise each a lead plate or lead plates coated with red lead or other suitable
active material and enveloped with felt which may be secured to the plates by
riveting or stitching. Each plate or compound plate is connected with a cross rod
or bar of iron or steel or other suitable metal which at the ends rests upon bars in
the longitudinal beams herein before referred to, the part of the rod which is in
contact with the foundation plate of the electrode being coated with lead and the,
ends coated with insulating, material. The said cross bars alternately connect
electrically with the longitudinal bars on the opposite sides of the vessels so that
the electrodes of one polarity alternate with those of the other.
To make the electrical connection between the cross rods and the longitudinal
metal bars the insulating material is removed from the bottom of one end of the
cross bars so that they are in metallic contact with the proper bar, the insulated
opposite end serving to prevent contact with the longitudinal bar upon which it is
supported.
The electrodes are kept from contact with the lining, and also from motion by
longitudinal strips of insulating material (rubber or gutta-percha for example)
which may be left loose or may be fastened to the sides of the vessel or to the
cover They are grooved to receive the edges of the electrode. The longitudinal
strips upon which the cover is placed are preferably secured in position after the
electrodes are in place; but spaces could be left in them for the passage of the ends
of the cross bars so that any electrode could be hoisted out without removing
the strips.
The exterior connection with each of the longitudinal bars or conductors is made
.by one or more metal screws which pass through holes in the cover and, underlying
strip and are tapped into the bars. These screws are suitably protected with
insulating material. The screws need be inserted only in charging and discharging
the battery and may at other times be replaced by screw plugs of insulating material
to prevent accidental discharge-The exterior conductors may be connected with
the screws in any ordinary or suitable way-In the cover is a hole protected by a
screw plug, through which hole the battery liquid, electrolyte or, excitant, may be
introduced and removed a pipe or hose being inserted when required.
Above the lower or battery hold just described may be constructed a hold for
freight or for Passengers or both.
.
The lower or battery hold hereinbefore described may extend the full length of
the vessel or it may be divided into compartments and one or more of the said
compartments.be used for batteries.
The divisions of the vessel may be built separately and form separate floats
which when united make a, complete barge-The cells of the battery can be
connected in series, multiple arc, multiple series and so on, like ordinary galvanic
cells according to the purposes to which they are to be applied.
Vehicles for land transportation can be fitted with storage batteries in a manner
substantially similar to what, has been described for floating vessels, for example
the upper part of a car may be reserved for freight or passengers and the lower part

page_text: be converted into the containing vessel of a secondary battery which may be
constructed substantially as described for the lower hold of the vessel, but it is
preferred to give access to the interior from the side instead of the top so that
access may be had to the battery without entering the upper chamber or in any
manner interfering with the freight For this purpose the side of the battery
chamber is made removeable.. The electrodes or battery plates are suspended from
rods of iron covered with lead except at the ends which are enveloped in insulating
material as hereinbefore described, and fit in holes in the walls of the chamber the
plates being thereby supported. The plates are kept away from the walls of the
chamber by insulating strips and are prevented from swinging by insulating strips
placed between the plates. The connection of the electrodes or plates of the same
polarity with one another and with the exterior circuit is made through hooks
of metal protected from the action of the battery liquid or excitant. The rods
from which the electrodes are suspended rest in inetallic contact with these
hooks The shanks of the hooks pass through the top of the battery chamber
and through perforations in metal strips let into said top and are engaged each
by a metal nut which bears upon the metal connecting strip These parts are
all protected with insulating material, a cap of insulating material covering each
nut and the shank of each hook. There are two of the said strips and they are
so arranged that each connects alternate hooks and the electrodes. Connection
of the strips with the exterior circuit may be made by ordinary or suitable
means or they may be connected with electrical couplers constructed as hereinafter
described.
:
The battery chamber may be filled and emptied through holes in the removeable
side or in the top and bottom of the chamber.
The battery chamber may be divided into as many compartments as may be
desired by vertical partitions.
Extensible lead lining with packing around it similar to that described with
reference to the floating vessel is by preference employed with this arrangement.
The batteries may be made in the shape of drawers and be run into the battery
chamber the side being removed for the purpose. When employed in passenger
Cars they may be run under the seats so that they can be removed and replaced
from the outside.
In applying this Invention to an electric train a special Car may be provided to
contain a secondary battery in addition to those placed in the other vehicles
composing the train. The locomotive may be of any ordinary or suitable con-
struction provided with a dynamo electric machine which may be suspended below
the floor it is connected by belts with the driving wheels. The secondary batteries
carried by it give weight and traction power.
The tender and all the Cars are connected by suitable conductors with a switch
on the locomotive so that one or more of the batteries carried by them may be
drawn upon for electricity to run the train.
Electrical couplers are employed for connecting the conductors between the
several vehicles.
Each coupler consists of two blocks of insulating material which when coupled
are held together by spring latches and are prevented from turning or from moving
sidewise by half rims and pins on each block the half rim on the one block over-
lapping or fitting into the opposite block. The conductors are electrically connected
with metal plungers' through metal sockets fitted in the insulated blocks. These
plungers are combined with spiral springs which when the couplers are joined press
together the two opposite plungers so as to connect the proper conductors in the
two Cars coupled together. The blocks are attached to the ends of flexible tubes
which enclose the conductors. The number of conductors to each coupling may be
greater or less as may be necessary or desirable and in all cases the locomotive and
tender are provided with two additional conductors. For example if the Car
couplers have six conductors the locomotive and tender will be provided with
eight. With the exception of the tender which will always occupy a position next

page_text: 2
the locomotive the Cars have their conductors and couplers so arranged that what-
over their position in the train their respective batteries are by the mere fastening
of the couplers connected with the locomotive each through independent con-
ductors.
In this way three of the conductors of the locomotive (when provided with eight
as mentioned) are connected each with one pole (the positive pole for example) of
a separate battery and three others of the conductors of the said locomotive are
each connected with the opposite pole of the same batteries. The conductors are
also so arranged that the one of each of the sets of three conductors above
mentioned will always be connected with Cars occupying the same position.. Thus
the battery of the three Cars next the tender will always be connected each with
two of the Conductors of the locomotive If a fifth sixth and seventh car should be
added their batteries would be connected automatically with those of the first
'second and third cars respectively; but it would ordinarily be preferable to
increase the number of conductors so that each car would have an independent
conductor to the locomotive. It is evident that they could be arranged, no matter
how numerous, on this principle so that the same car in order would always be
connected with the same conductor on the locomotive, and it would' be immaterial
which end of the conductor is in front.
The conductors on the tender are so arranged that whether it is or is not included,
the other cars are connected with the same conductors of the locomotive and on
both the tender and locomotive the arrangement is such that it is immaterial which
end is coupled to the cars.
A switch is employed for bringing into action any one or more of the batteries as
required and it consists of two series or rows of contact.springs numbered to corre-
spond with the conductors with which they are in connection. The connection is
'made through independent switch levers, so that any of the contact springs may be
disconnected at will Two contact plates are carried by a slide and are insulated
from said slide and from each other. The slide moves in a dovetail or undercut
groove in the base of the switch which is of insulating material.
The poles of the motor or dynamo for driving the locomotive are connected with
the said contact plates respectively, so that when the slide is moved forward or
back, the motor will be included in or cut out of circuit with the batteries
successively.
Wires leading from the respective poles of the motor or dynamo are connected
with the contact plates and the switch levers are so arranged that the connections
may be reversed as required. Thus the locomotive may be run in either direction.
By means of this switch the batteries are connected in multiple arc; but it is
evident that each battery may by the use of a proper number of cells connected in
series have a high or low electro-motive force.
If it be desired to enable the Engineer to connect the batteries either in series
'multiple are, or multiple series the following means may be adopted. The poles of
each battery (one cell or a series of cells; as for example when the battery chambers
are divided into compartments) terminate in vertical strips numbered to correspond
with the conductors connected therewith. Switch levers arranged in vertical rows
between each pair of strips and connected in horizontal rows by the cross wires
serve to connect the batteries with one another and with suitable contacts in
whatever arrangement may be desired The switch levers are so arranged that the
current through the motor or dynamo may be reversed at will.
A series of bands of insulating material having conducting wires embedded
'therein are secured along the bottom of each Car and each wire is connected with
a binding post. The terminals of the battery of the Car can be connected with any
pair of wires by means of the binding posts The wires have each a hook at one
end of the Car and an eye at the other and the hooks and eyes are so arranged that
the order is the same whichever end of the Car is in front.
The bands on adjacent Cars may be directly connected or a short coupling strip
may be used between the Cars,

page_text: It is evident that the stored electricity can be used for any desired purposes.
The Vehicles may be moved by steam or other power independently of the
batteries, but they may also be moved by the stored power or this power may be
used for lighting-Thus a battery car can be attached to an ordinary train for
lighting or other purposes.
It is evident also that the barges such as herein before described could be made to
supply the tug which draws them with power by means similar to those described
for a railroad train or they may be individually propelled by the stored electricity.
The general construction and arrangements above set forth are given by way of
example only-They could be varied, within wide limits without departing from the
spirit of the Invention.

page_text: Improved Means for Storing and Transporting Electrical Energy.
I JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR STORING AND TRANSPORTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY" which Invention has been
communicated to me from abroad by Lebbeas Harding Rogers of New York City
in the County and State of New York and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The main object of this Invention is the transfer of. power from point to point
so as to enable the power of natural sources such as strong winds tides waterfalls
and the like to be utilized at distant places but it may be used at least in part for
other purposes.
Heretofore it has been proposed to convert the energy of waterfalls and like
sources into electricity and to conduct this electricity over wires to translating
devices at distant points, but this system is objectionable for long distances on
account of the large and consequently expensive conductors which would have to
be employed.
The present Invention contemplates the charging of storage batteries or electric
accumulators of any ordinary or suitable construction and the transportation of the
charged cells to the places where the power is to be utilized, and it consists in
building cells of storage batteries into vehicles of all kinds for land or water
transportation, such as carts, wagons, railroad cars, canal boats barges, river boats,
ships and the like so that the frames of the vehicles constitute in whole or in part
the containing vessels of the batteries. The Vehicles may be adapted for use solely
as conveyors of electrical energy but owing to the weight of the battery plates
electrodes or elements, it is preferred to make the lower part into a battery and to
provide in addition accomodations for freight or passengers.
The Invention further comprises certain special constructions arrangements and
combinations of parts hereinafter set forth.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a vertical cross section of part of a vessel or barge having the lower
part formed into a secondary battery and figures 2, 3 and 4 detail views. Figure 5
and 6 are diagrams showing the division of a vessel into compartments and sections.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are views illustrating a combined railroad car and
secondary battery. Figure 13 is a view of a secondary battery in the form of a
drawer, and Figure 14 is a view of a passenger car having a series of such batteries
under the seats. Figure 15 is a view of a cart or two wheeled wagon combined
with a secondary battery. Figure 16 is a view of an electrical railroad train run
by secondary batteries Figures 17, 18 and 19 are detail views of the electric

page_text: couplings. Figure 20 a diagram of the conductors of a train and Figures 21 and 22
respectively a plan and sectional elevation of a switch, Figure 23 is a plan of
another form of switch and Figure 24. a bottom view of a car showing another
mode of arranging the conductors.
Referring to Figure 1, A is the frame of the vessel composed of outer planking
ribs and inner planking. B is a wooden beam which is secured lengthwise of the
frame there being one on each side thereof, at the proper distances above the
bottom according to the depth which the secondary battery is to have. A metal
bar C is set in a groove in each of these beams. On the beams are wooden strips E.
A'cover Frests at its ledges upon the strips E and beams B and closes the hold:
This hold is lined with corrugated or crimped sheet lead G the corrugations or
crimping preferably being slight and extending width wise of the vessel. The
lining is separated from the enclosing walls by a packing H preferably of mineral
fibre such as mineral wool or asbestos. The lead lining is in two parts one attached
to the frame of the vessel and the other to the cover or as the cover would for
convenience in lifting be divided into several parts the lining would also be so
divided. Both lining and packing extend into the space between the cover and
the ledges on which it rests.
The electrodes or battery plates or elements I of. the cell are placed in the said
hold, They may be of any ordinary or suitable construction. As shown they
comprise each a lead plate coated with red lead or other suitable active material
and enveloped with felt which is secured to the plates by rivetting or stitching.
In Figure 2 the foundation plate is of one thickness in figure 3 of double thickness.
The plates are each connected with a cross bar K or L of iron or steel or other
suitable metal which at the ends rests upon the bars C. The middle part of the
rod when in contact with the foundation plate of the electrode is coated with lead
as at a. Figures 2 and 3. The ends of the rods are coated with insulating
material b. The cross bars K which alternate with the bars L are in electrical'
connection with the longitudinal bar C on one side of the vessel the cross bars L
being electrically connected with the longitudinal bar on the opposite side of the
vessel not shewn in the drawing. The electrodes of one polarity therefore alternate
with those of the other.
To make the electrical connections the insulating material is removed from the
bottom of the cross bars as shewn for the bar K in Figure 4 so that they are in
metallic contact with the proper bar. The insulating material is removed at one
end only that at the opposite end serving to prevent contact with the longitudinal
bar.
,
The electrodes are kept from contact with the lining and also from motion by"
longitudinal strips M of insulating material (rubber or gutta-percha for example),.
which may be left loose or may be fastened to the sides of the vessel or to the'
cover. They are grooved to receive the edges of the electrode as shewn in Figure 2.-
The strips E may be and preferably are secured in position after the electrodes are
in place but it is evident that spaces.could be left for the passage of the ends of the
cross bars K L so that any electrode could be hoisted out without removing, the
strips.
The exterior connection with each of the longitudinal bars or conductors is made
by one or more metal screws at N, which pass through holes in the cover F and
underlying strips E and are tapped into the bar. These screws are of course
suitably protected with insulating material. The screws need be inserted only in
charging and discharging the battery and may at other times be replaced by screw-
plugs of insulating material to prevent accidental discharge. The exterior con-.
ductors may be connected with the screws N. in any ordinary or suitable way. In
the cover is a hole protected by a screw plug P through which hole the battery
liquid electrolyte or excitant may be introduced and removed, a pipe or hose being
inserted for the purpose when required.
Above the lower or battery hold just described is the hold Q for either freight or
for passengers or both.

page_text: In the foregoing description the lower hold has been considered as extending the
full length of the vessel or barge but it is evident. that it may be divided into
compartments and that one or more of these, compartments may be used; for
batteries. Figure 5 represents in plan a vessel divided into five compartments the
double parallel lines representing the electrodes or elements. In the modification
figure 6 the sections marked 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, are built separately and form
separate floats which when united make a complete barge.. The float. 9 is itself
divided into three compartments. It is evident that the cells of battery can be
connected in series, multiple arc, multiple series, and so on, like ordinary galvanic
cells according to the purposes to which they are to be applied.. It is evident also
that a float or combination of floats need not have the customary shape of a
vessel but may be of any desired shape.
Vehicles for land transportation can be fitted with storage batteries in a manner
substantially similar to what has been described. Thus in Figure 7 the upper
part of the car is reserved for freight or passengers and the lower part R is
converted into the containing vessel of a secondary. battery. This may be sub-
stantially as described for the lower hold of the vessel but it is preferred to give
access to the interior from the side instead of the top so that access may be had to
the battery without entering the chamber Qor in any manner interfering with the
freight.
The side S of the battery chamber is therefore made removable (it is shewn
removed in figure 8) The internal construction is shewn in, figures 9, 10, 11,
and 12. The electrodes or battery plates I are suspended from rods K L of iron
⚫ covered with lead a except at the ends which are enveloped in insulating material b.
These ends fit in holes in the walls of the chamber R and the plates are thereby
supported. The plates are kept away from the walls of the chamber by insulating
strips M¹ and; are prevented from swinging by the, insulating strips M². These
strips may be wholly or partly of insulating material. In figure 9, the strips have
a. wooden backing D and in Figure 12 one of them has a wooden core e. The
connection of the electrodes or plates of the same polarity with one another and
with the exterior, circuit is made through the hooks T of metal protected from the
action of the battery liquid or excitant. The rods K, L rest in metallic.contact with
these hooks. The shanks of, the hooks pass through the top of the battery chamber
and through perforations in metal strips W let into said top and. are engaged each
by a metal nut U which bears upon the metal connecting strip W below it. These
parts are all protected with insulating material a cap x of insulating material
covering each nut U and the shank of each hook. There are two strips W and they
are so arranged that each connects alternate hooks and the electrodes as shewn in
Figure 11. Connection of the strips with the exterior circuit may be made by
ordinary or suitable means. As shown by the dotted conductors 13 in Figure 7
they are connected with electrical couplers y which will be fully described
hereafter.
The battery chamber may be filled and emptied through the holes fg in the
removable side S as shewn in Figure 8 or in the top and bottom as indicated at hi
figure 10.
'
The battery chamber R.may be divided into as many compartments as may be
desired by vertical partitions such as indicated in dotted lines at. 12, figure 7.
The lead linings described with reference to figure 1. with the packing around it,
are for clearness. omitted in Figures 9, 10 and 11 but they may be and would
preferably be used..
The Secondary batteries may be made in the shape of drawers Z as shewn in
Figure 13 and could be run into the battery chamber R when the side S is
removed. They may also be run under the seats of passenger cars as illustrated in
figure 14 so that they can be removed and replaced from the outside of the car.
Figure 15 represents the battery chamber R, arranged in the lower part of the
body of a cart, an upper freight box.Q. being arranged above the battery, chamber.
The interior construction is substantially the same as described with reference to̟.

page_text: .
figures 9, 10, 11 and 12. When the tail board is let down (the battery liquid being
run out) the hooks support the electrodes, as they do those of the freight car when
the side S is removed.
The electric train (figure 16) consists of a locomotive A¹ a tender B¹ carrying
a secondary battery, a short battery car C¹ and a longer one D' and a passenger
car E. On all the cars R represents the secondary battery chamber. The loco-
motive may be of any ordinary or suitable construction; as shown, it comprises
a dynamo electric machine suspended below the floor, and connected by belts with
the driving wheels. The secondary batteries carried by it, give weight and traction
power.
The tender and all the cars are connected by suitable conductors with the switch.
on the locomotive, so that one or more of the batteries carried by them may be
drawn upon for electricity to run the train.
The electrical couplers which connect the conductors between the cars are
constructed as shewn in figures 17, 18 and 19, Figures 17 and 18 representing in
face view the couplers at opposite ends of the cars C¹ D¹ E¹. They also represent
the rear coupler of one car and the front one of the next car the couplers on all the
cars being alike.
Figure 19 shows two couplers connected. F¹ are blocks of insulating material
which are held together by spring latches G¹ and are prevented from turning or
from moving sidewise by the half rims and the pins which overlap or fit into
the opposite block as shewn The conductors are electrically connected with the
metal plungers m through the metal sockets n at the base thereof. The plungers
are combined with spiral compression springs p which when the couplers are joined
press together the two opposite plungers so as to connect the proper conductors in
the two cars-The blocks F1 are attached to the ends of flexible tubes H' which
enclose the conductors. The number of these conductors may be greater or less as
may be necessary or desirable. As shown there are six conductors except on the
tender B² and locomotive A¹, which have each eight conductors running to
the couplers. The conductors and the corresponding plungers on each car are
numbered 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 the additional ones on the tender and
locomotive are numbered 27 and 28. The position of the plungers 27 and 28 is
shown by the dotted circles in Figures 17 and 18.-The battery of the locomotive
is connected with the conductors 29 and 30, (Figure 20) which do not lead to any
coupler, and the battery of the tender is connected to the conductors 27 and 28.
The battery of each of the other cars is connected with the conductors 21 and 22
of that car. With the exception of the tender B¹ which will always occupy
a position next the locomotive the cars have the conductors and couplers so
arranged, see figure 20, that whatever their position in the train, their respective
batteries are by the mere fastening of the couplers connected with the locomotive,
each through independent conductors.
In this way the conductors 21, 23; 25 of the locomotive are connected each with
one pole (the positive pole for example) of a separate battery, while the con-
ductors 22 24 and 26 are each connected with the opposite pole of the same
battery. The conductors are also so arranged that the conductors 21, 22 will always
be connected with cars occupying the same position. Thus the battery of the car
next the tender will always be connected with the conductors 21 and 22 of the
locomotive and it is immaterial whether it be the short car c' as shown, or the flat
car D', or the passenger car E¹. The second car from the tender in like manner
will always be connected as shewn in Figure 20, for the car D¹ and the third car
will have the connections of the Passenger car E. If a fourth fifth and sixth car
should be added their batteries would be connected automatically with those of the
first second and third cars respectively, but it would ordinarily be preferable to
increase the number of conductors so that each car would have an independent
conductor to the locomotive. It is evident that they could be arranged no matter
how numerous on the principle illustrated, so that the same car in order would

page_text: always be connected with the same conductor on the locomotive and it would be
immaterial which end of the conductor is in front.
•
The conductors on the tender are so arranged that whether it is or is not
included, the other cars are connected, with the same conductors of the locomotive
and on both the tender and locomotive the arrangement is such that it is
imniaterial which, end is coupled to the cars.
.
: The switch shewn in Figures 21 and 22 consists of two series or rows of contact
springs numbered to correspond with the conductors with which they are in
connection. The connection is made through independent switches s so that any
of the contact springs may be disconnected at will. Two contact plates 35 and 36
are carried by a slide 37 being insulated from said slide and from each other. The
slide moves in a dovetail or undercut groove 38 in the base which is of insulating
material.
The poles of the motor or dynamo for driving the locomotive are connected with
the contact plates 35 and 36 respectively so that when the slide 37 is moved
forward or back, the motor will be included in or cut out of circuit with the
batteries successively. The wires 31 and 32 leading from the respective poles of
the motor or dynamo is connected with the plate 35 and 36. In the position
shown, wire 31 is electrically connected with the plate 35 and the wire 32 with
plate 36. By shifting the switches the connection may be reversed. Thus the
locomotive may be run in either direction.
By this switch the batteries are connected in multiple arc; but it is evident that
each battery may, by the use of a proper number of cells connected in series, have
à high or low electro-motive force.
If it be desired to enable the Engineer to connect the batteries either in series,
multiple arc, or multiple series, means such as shown in Figure 23 may be adopted.
The poles of each battery (one cell or a series of cells, as for example when the
battery chambers are divided into compartments) terminate in the vertical strips
numbered to correspond with the conductors connected therewith-Switch levers w
arranged in vertical rows between each pair of strips, and connected in horizontal
rows by the cross wires x serve to connect the batteries with one another and with
the contacts uy z in whatever arrangement may be desired.
The motor wires 31 and 32 are connected with the switch levers t. In the
position shewn they have no connection with the batteries. By turning to the left,
the left lever is connected through with the top cross wire, and the right lever
through y with the bottom wire. By turning in the opposite direction the right
hand levert connects with the top wire x through z and the left hand one with
the bottom wire through y Thus the current through the motor or dynamo may
be reversed at will.
In Figure 24, a series of bands Z¹ (two are shown) of insulating material having
conducting wires embedded therein are secured along the bottom of each car, and
each wire is connected with a binding post a³. The terminals 40 and 41 of the
battery of the car can be connected with any pair of wires by means of the
binding posts. The wires have each a hook at one end of the car and an eye at
the other, and the hooks and eyes are so arranged that the order is the same
whichever end of the car is in front.
The bands on adjacent cars may be directly connected, or a short coupling
strip Y¹ may be used between the cars.
It is evident that the stored electricity can be used for any desired purposes,
The vehicles may be moved by steam or or other power independently of the
batteries, but they may also be moved by the stored power, or this power may be
used for lighting, Thus a battery car can be attached to an ordinary train for
lighting or other purposes.
It is evident also that the barges such as hereinbefore described could be made
to supply the tug which draws them, with power by means similar to those
described for a railroad train; or they may be individually propelled by the stored
Alentrinit

page_text: The general construction and arrangements above set forth are given by way of
example only. They could be varied within wide limits without departing from,
the spirit of the Invention.
The electrodes may be embedded in, porous material, whenever found necessary;
or desirable.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be-performed I declare that what I claim is
:
First. A vehicle having, a secondary or storage battery built therein, so that the
walls of the containing vessel form a permanent part of the vehicle the elements,"
of the cells or couples being removably supported in said vessels, substantially as
described.
Second. A. secondary battery vehicle to which the frame of the vehicle constitutes,
the containing vessel of the battery, the elements of the cells or couples being
supported therein and the said battery occupying the full width of the vehicle,
substantially as described.
Third. A vehicle having a secondary or storage battery built in the lower part:
thereof the walls of the vessels which contain the elements of the cells or couples.
and the exciting liquid forming a permanent part of the vehicle accommodations.
for freight or passengers being provided above, said, battery, substantially as,
described.
Fourth. A secondary battery built into a vehicle and provided with an extensible
lining. to the containing vessel substantially as described.
Fifth. A vehicle having a secondary battery built therein, the battery chamber
being accessible through the side or end of the vehicle substantially as described.
Sixth. A railway car carrying one or more secondary batteries arranged under
the seats or floor and being provided. with one or more openings whereby said
batteries are made accessible from the outside at the side of the vehicle substantially
as described.
Seventh. An electric train comprising one or more vehicles each. having a
secondary battery built into the vehicle, the said battery comprising one or more
vessels whose walls are permanent parts of the said vehicle, together with eleinents
and an excitant in said vessels, in combination with a vehicle propelled by the
electricity stored in the one or more vehicles aforesaid, and serving to drag or
move the same substantially as described.
Eighth. An electric locomotive or vehicle driven by eletricity in combination
with two or more vehicles coupled in series with one another and with said
locomotive, so that they may be drawn thereby, secondary batteries carried by
the vehicles drawn or moved by said locomotive and conductors and switch
mechanisin for conveying the electricity to the electric motor, substantially as
described.
Ninth. The construction, arrangement and combination of the conductors and
couplers substantially as described, whereby each car or vehicle is by the mere act
of coupling connected with independent conductors running through the train and
terminating in a common car or vehicle such as the locomotive, and serving to
conduct the electricity between said common car or vehicle and each of the other
cars individually as set forth.
Tenth. An electric locomotive having a secondary battery built therein, and
provided with conductors and switches or contact makers, for supplying electricity
from said batteries to the notor or engine of the locomotive substantially as
described.
Eleventh. An electric locomotive and train of vehicles or cars drawn thereby
having each a secondary battery built in the vehicle in combination with con-
ductors and couplers constructed and arranged as explained, so that the act of
coupling establishes an independent circuit or branch between the locomotive
and the several cars, and switch mechanism for diverting the currents from the

page_text: secondary batteries into the motor or engine of the locomotive substantially as
described.
Twelfth. A series of vehicles coupled as a train and including an electric
locomotive for drawing the same, the cars of said train carrying secondary
batteries, the Locomotive carrying a switch for controlling the supply of Electricity
to the driving motor, and conductors with couplers between the vehicles being
provided for separately connecting the batteries with the aforesaid switch sub-
stantially as described.
Thirteenth. A vehicle having a secondary battery built therein and provided
with a side or end opening into the battery Chamber, the said chamber forming
the containing vessel of the battery and being provided with conducting and
supporting means for supporting the elements in said Chamber and connecting them
with terminal conductors and for permitting the removal of the same through said
side or end opening substantially as described.
.
Fourteenth. A combined vehicle and secondary battery for transportation of
passengers or freight as well as stored Electric energy, the said vehicle containing
in addition to the passenger or freight space, one or more battery Chambers built
into said vehicle so as to form a permanent part thereof and being provided with
the battery plates and the conductors, the said Chambers constituting the containing
vessels of the secondary battery and being provided with removable doors or
hatches closing liquid tight, the said battery plates being removably supported in
said Chambers and being held from independent motion, and the said conductors
which are connected with said plates being protected from the exciting liquid and
arranged so as to be out of the way of the passengers or freight substantially as
described.
73