Appara Grain, and other Materials.
Year: 1886

page_text: Appara
Grain, and other Materials.
לי -
We, ALFRED SAVILL TOMKINS and FRANK ARTHUR CRACKNALL, both of
No. 61 Mark Lane in the City of London, Malt Factors, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification to Letters Patent of 7th Feby., 1881, No. 509, was described
a construction of kiln for drying malt, grain &c in which a furnace of brickwork
was caused to heat a chamber or flue or series of chambers or flues, also mostly
formed of brickwork, against the outer surface of which a supply of cold air was
made to pass so as to become heated to the requisite degree before entering the
kiln for effecting the drying of the malt &c.
Our present invention has for its object to facilitate the erection of such heating
apparatus in localities where the special skilled labor requisite for building furnaces
and flues of brickwork is not readily available, and it consists in constructing such
furnaces together with heating flues or chambers and the flues or passages for the
air to be heated entirely of, metal, so that the whole of such parts can be con-
structed at the factory in a self contained manner so as to require but little skilled
labor in erecting them at the locality where they are to be erected.
In carrying out our invention the furnaces and flues may be arranged in a great
variety of ways, all however embodying the same characteristic features, namely
a metal chamber or flue or series of chambers or flues in one or more of which is
contained the heating furnace, the hot gaseous products of combustion from which
are made to pass against the inner surfaces of the chamber or chambers, the outer
surfaces of which are surrounded by an outer jacket or shell, attached thereto,
leaving a narrow space between them through which the air supply for the drying
operation is caused to pass before entering the kiln, so as to become heated to the
requisite degree, or the flues or passages for the heated air supply may be formed
within the heating chambers or flues, so as to be surrounded by the flaines and hot
gases. Thus according to one arrangement we construct a cylindrical or elliptical
chamber, in one end of which is constructed the fire grate, having at a suitable
distance above it a baffle plate for the flames to strike against, so as to prevent the .
top of the chamber from becoming injured by overheating, and we either form
round the outer surface of the chamber an air jacket for the passage of the air

page_text: supply, while providing within the chamber suitable baffles, partitions or other
Or we construct
means for causing the hot gases to pass against the sides thereof.
within the chamber metal flues or pipes communicating at one end with the inlet
for cold air and at the other end with the outlet for the heated air. The said
heating chambers or flues may also be made rectangular or polygonal instead of
circular or elliptic. In some cases we arrange a number of such separate metal
chambers or flues with their air jackets side by side, the heating furnace being
contained in the middle chamber, and each chamber being made to communicate
with the next following one by branch pipes arranged alternately at opposite ends,
so that the hot gases from the furnace pass consecutively through the chambers on
either side of the central one in a zig zag direction, while the air to be heated is
made to pass in a similar manner through the air jackets of the chambers or flues,
these being for this purpose also connected by bend pipes alternately at opposite
ends. The currents of air are by preference arranged to pass in the contrary
direction to that of the furnace gases. The furnace might also be arranged in the
one end chamber of the series the hot gases being made to travel along to the other
end chamber, while the air to be heated is caused to travel in the contrary
direction through the air jackets or flues of the chambers.
The furnace gases on escaping from the heating chambers or flues are by
preference led by pipes or flues to an ascending metal flue in the centre of the
kiln rising to a certain height below the wire floor and then branching off to other
vertical flues formed within the drying chambers of the kiln and rising within the
roof to the ventilation at top. The hot air 'supply on issuing from the heating
gaskets or flues is also made to pass upward in contact with the central heating
flue, and suitable baffles are provided below the wire floor for distributing the
rising column of hot air over the whole surface beneath the same.
1000

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Kilns for Drying Malt,
Grain, and other Materials.
We, ALFRED SAVILL TOMKINS and FRANK ARTHUR CRACKNALL, both of
No. 61 Mark Lane in the City of London, Malt Factors, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
.
In the Specification to Letters Patent of 7th Feby 1881, No. 509, was described
a construction of kiln for drying malt, grain &c in which a furnace of brickwork
was caused to heat a chamber or flue or series of chambers or flues, also mostly
formed of brickwork, against the outer surface of which a supply of cold air was
made to pass so as to become hented to the requisite degree before entering the
kiln for effecting the drying of the inalt &c.
Our present invention has for its object to facilitate the erection of such heating
apparatus in localities. where the special skilled labor requisite for building furnaces
and flues of brick work is not readily available, and it consists in constructing
such furnaces together with the heating flues or chambers and the flues or passages
for the air to be heated entirely of metal, so that the whole of such parts can be
constructed at the factory in a self contained manner so as to require but little
skilled labor in erecting them at the locality where they are to be erected.
In carrying out our invention the furnaces and flues may be arranged in a great
variety of ways, all however embodying the same characteristic features, namely a
metal chamber or flue or series of chambers or flues in one or more of which is con-
tained the heating furnace, the hot gaseous products of combustion from which are
nade to pass against the inner surfaces of the chamber or chambers, the outer
surfaces of which are surrounded by an outer jacket or shell, attached thereto,
leaving a narrow space between them through which the air supply for the drying
operation is caused to pass before entering the kiln, so as to become heated to the
requisite degree, or the flues or passages for the heated air supply may be formed
within the heating chambers or flues, so as to be surrounded by the flames and hot
gases. Thus according to one arrangement we construct a cylindrical or elliptical
chamber, in one end of which is constructed the fire grate, having at a suitable
distance above it a baffle plate for the flames to strike against, so as to prevent the
top of the chamber from becoming injured by over, heating, and we either form
round the outer surface of the chamber an air jacket for the passage of the air
supply, while providing within the chamber suitable baffles, partitions or other
means for causing the hot gases to pass against the sides thereof. Or we construct
within the chamber metal flues or pipes communicating at one end with the inlet
for the cold air and at the other end with the outlet for the heated air. The sid
heating chambers or flues may also be made rectangular or polygonal instead of
circular or elliptic. In some cases we arrange a number of such separate metal.
chambers or flues with their air jackets side by side, the heating furnace being
contained in the middle chamber, and each chamber being made to communicate.
with the next following one by branch pipes arranged alternately at opposite ends,

page_text: so that the hot gases from the furnace pass consecutively through the chambers on
either side of the central one in a zig zag direction, while the air to be heated is
made to pass in a similar manner through the air jackets of the chambers or flues,
these being for this purpose also connected by bend pipes alternately at opposito
ends. The currents of air are, by preference, arranged to pass in the contrary
direction to that of the furnace gases. The furnace might also be arranged in the
one end chamber of the series, the hot gases being made to travel along to the other
end chamber, while the air to be heated is caused to travel in the contrary direction
through the air jackets or flues of the chambers.
The furnace gases on escaping from the heating chambers or flues are by pre-
ference led by pipes or flues to an ascending metal fluo in the centre of the kiln
rising to a certain height below the wire floor and then branching off to other
vertical flues formed within the drying chambers of the kiln and rising within the
roof to the ventilator at top. The hot air supply on issuing from the heating gaskets
or flues is also made to pass upward in contact with the central heating Hue, and
suitable baffles are provided below the wire floor for distributing the rising column
of hot air over the whole surface beneath the same.
Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings shew one arrangement of the said
apparatus as applied to a malt kiln, Fig. 1 shews a cross section, Fig. 2 a longi-
tudinal section, Fig. 3 a sectional plan, and Fig. 4 a front view.
The apparatus consists in this case of a cylindrical sheet iron chamber A in the
front end of which is a fire place B, the ash pit C of which passes down to the floor
of the building, and receives its air supply through the ash pit door which opens
into the stoke hole D access being gained to the fire place from the latter through
the doors E.
On each side of the chamber A are two other tubular chambers F F, G G of
smaller size of which the upper ones F F each communicate with the inner end of
A, through side openings H Hand in their turn communicate at the front end with
the lower chambers G G through openings I I. The chambers G Gagain commu-
nicate at their inner end with metal flues JJ leading to metal chimnies K K passing
up inside the building to above the roof thereof. Thus the hot combustion gases
from the fire place pass first inwards through the chambers A then outward through
the chamber F, then inward again through the chambers G and lastly through the
flues J to the chimnies K.
The several chambers are enclosed by a casing L an extension L' of which also
encloses the stoke hole and which has an opening M at the top, while at bottom the
brick air flues N N beneath the floor of the building open into it. Thus the outer
air entering the casing L through these flues passes in contact with the heated
surfaces of the chambers A F G and after becoming heated thereby issues through
the opening M into the interior of the kiln at a central point and then rises up
through the perforated floors O on which the malt is spread.
A further quantity of heat is at the same time given out by the internal metal
chimney flues J and K. As the chamber A is constructed of comparatively thin
sheet iron for the effectual conduction of the heat through its sides a shield P is
provided immediately over the fire place in order to protect it against the action of
the flames.
•
The chambers A and G may either rest on brick work supports, as shewn, or
they may be provided with metal chairs or legs.
Instead of placing the materials to be operated upon on perforated floors, they
may be contained in perforated revolving cylinders through which the hot air is
made to pass.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew respectively a longitudinal and cross section of another
arrangement in which there are arranged within the chamber A three hot air flues
QRS of which Q communicates at the inner end with the space in the surrounding
casing Land at the outer end through the opening T with the flue R which
communicates at the inner end through the opening U with the flue S, and
this communicates at the outer end through opening V with the space W leading to

page_text: the central opening X through which the hot air is discharged into the kiln. The
combustion gases from the fire place B are made to pass over the outer surfaces of
the flues QRS so as to impart their heat to the air travelling through them in
the direction shewn by the arrows and the gases then escape through the flues J.
In the modification shewn in vertical section and sectional plan at Figs 7 and 8,
the combustion gases from the fire place B after traversing the chamber A pass
thence through the flues H into the two chambers F F, whence they pass through
flues I into the chambers G G and thence through flues J to chimnies.
Each of the chambers A F G is surrounded by a casing L the spaces of the
outermost casings being made to communicate with the underground air flues as in
the first described arrangement so that the outer air entering these, passes in
contact with the outer surfaces of the chambers G in the direction of the arrows
and then issues through openings L' L' into the casings of the chambers F, where in
like manner it passes over the surfaces of these chambers and issues through
openings L L into the casing of A, whence it issues through opening M into the
kiln.
It will be seen that in all the above described arrangements the heating
apparatus is entirely self contained and consequently readily transportable. For
facility of transport the several heating chambers and hot air casings may be made
in separate sections of convenient length provided with flanges for securing them
together by means of screw bolts and nuts, and consequently requiring no skilled
labor for their erection in situ.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Constructing transportable apparatus for heating the air supply to kilns,
consisting of one or more metal chambers having at one point a fire place for
heating it or them internally, and at another point one or more flue pipes leading
to a chimney or chimnies which chamber or chambers is or are surrounded by a
metal casing or casings through which the air supply to the kiln is made to pass
so as to become heated by contact with the outer surfaces of the chamber or
chambers before issuing into the kiln, substantially as herein described with
reference to Figs. 1 to 4 and 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
2. Constructing transportable apparatus for heating the air supply to kilns
consisting of a metal chamber heated internally by a fire and containing one or
more tubular flues communicating at one end with an outer casing surrounding the
said chamber and at the other end with the interior of the kiln, so that the air
entering the said outer casing is first heated by coming in contact with the outer
surface of the heating chamber and then becomes further heated on passing through
the tubular flue or flues passing through the interior of the heating chamber,
substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 of the accom-
panying drawings..