matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A New and Improved Cycle Brake.
Year: 1898

page_text: A New and Improved Cycle Brake.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM SPARKES, of 102, John Street, Barnsbury, London, N., in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention being to provide a brake easy of manipulation, con-
struction and at the same time sufficiently effective to instantly prevent wheel to
which it is applied from rotating, or to be applied with such force as shall regulate
the speed required. This brake consists of brake body a, shoe b, bent lever c, two
connecting links d d', spring f, clips e, for attaching brake to cycle, and lever : for
applying brake.
Referring to accompanying drawings
Figs. 1 and 2 being respectively side and front elevations of brake lever k by
means of which brake is operated.
Obviously this lever can be replaced by any other form of lever.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 being respectively sectional side elevation, front elevation, and
plan of brake.
It will be seen that by applying pressure to lever k which is free to rotate on
handle bar o rod r will be raised causing bent lever c to rotate about fixed centre
thus bringing same at c¹ into contact with brake shoe at 6¹ which shoe being
attached to two links d d' which have their opposite ends connected to two fixed
points n n' on body of brake but being free to rotate about these points advance
the brake in a forward direction tangentially to wheel until brake shoe comes into
contact with tyre of wheel; after which, by reason of brake shoe being advanced
towards tyre in the same direction as wheel rotates wheel endeavours to carry it
forward thus causing increased friction by means of which cycle can be brought to
a stand.
On releasing pressure from lever k, spring of causes immediate return of brake
shoe b to normal position.
This brake can be adapted to either the front or back wheel of a cycle.
At za modified form of leverage is shown in place of the bent lever c consisting
of a continuation of the link d to the end of which the rod r may be pivoted &
which it will be seen will produce the same action as the bent lever c when the
lever is operated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
In a cycle brake the combination of a pivoted bent lever and two links, by means
of which the brake is advanced tangentially towards wheel which aforesaid wheel
rotating in same direction as brake is advanced immediately said brake is brought
into contact with said wheel endeavours to carry brake with it thus setting up a

page_text: powerful braking action which on pressure being removed from brake lever is
released by means of a spring sufficiently powerful to return shoe to normal
position substantially as described and illustrated herein.
Improvements in Nose-bags for Horses and other Animals.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1898--Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Nose-bags for Horses and other Animals.
JULIUS MARTIN BIELEFELD, 116, Leighton Road, in the Parish of Saint Pancras,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in the novelty of construction and the shape or configura-
tion of nose-bags for horses and other animals.
I shape the nose-bag as described hereunder by preference I shape is as shown in
drawing Fig. No. 1 and Fig. No. 2 but the shape may be varied according to the
circumstances for which the nose-bag is to be use and the cubical capacity required
as for, nag, cob, van or dray horse. I do not confine myself to any particular
shape except as to forming the nose-bag with a neck and the receptacle or manger
to contain the food, with shoulders springing out from the neck the bottom part
of the bag may be made circular semi-circular or flat. I make the nose-bag of
strong canvas or any suitable material.
The nose-bag is made with a neck A the body, receptacle or manger to contain
the food is made with shoulders C springing out from the neck A and formed at
sides and bottom in a circular or semi-circular shape or configuration from the
shoulders C. The neck is made wider at the top length ways than between the
shoulders. The eyelet holes shown on drawings Fig. E are for ventilation. The
dimensions of a nose-bag to contain four quarts of food are as follows:-Receptacle
or manger 7 inches wide 10 inches long from front shoulder to back shoulder
4 inches deep, neck 6 inches deep, 7 inches wide between the shoulders from front
to back, 9 inches long at top, from front to back. The bag is attached to the
animals head by strap D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The construction of the neck A of the nose-bag.
2. The construction of the body receptacle or manger B with shoulders C spring-
ing out from the neck A.
3. The form or configuration of the body receptacle or manger B.
4. The shape or configuration of the neck A.
Improvements in the Fastening of Riding Breeches and Knicker- bockers at the Knees.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1898
COMPLETE SITUITION
Improvements in the Fastening of Riding Breeches and Knicker-
bockers at the Knees.
I, SYLVESTER O'BRIEN, 86, High Street, Worcester, in the County of Worcester,
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
_
In carrying out my invention, I cut the edges of the opening below the knee
in breeches and knickerbockers, to meet exactly edge to edge when on the leg of
the wearer, (Fig. 2), and on each side of the opening, I make a number of
holes (B), which I either work or finish with metal eyelets and use a lace of a
suitable material to bring the edges together; or I cut the one side of the open-
ing to overlap the other, and use buttons, and button-holes in the usual manner
to secure the edges. I also fix underneath the edges of the opening a piece of
elastic of suitable width and strength, stitching it to the garment along each
underside of the opening (Fig. 1, D), in such a manner as to cause that part of
the breeches below the knee to fit perfectly tight when on the leg of the wearer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
"The novelty of introducing elastic underneath the opening below the knees of
breeches and knickerbockers," by which I obtain greater neatness in appearance,
a more perfect fit, freedom from everything likely to cause friction on the leg of
the wearer, and less liability to movement of the legs of breeches and knicker-
bockers, and greater comfort to the wearer.
1000
Arrangement of Lavatory Basin and Bath.
Year: 1898

page_text: COMBINEⱭ Arrangement of Lavatory Basin and Bath.
I, JOHN GOURLAY, of 12, West Campbell Street, Glasgow, Practical Sanitary
Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a combined arrangement of lavatory basin and bath.
In order to economise space the basin is fixed upon and over or partly over the
end of the bath.
98
Under this arrangement, the inlet cocks or plugs for the bath, and also the
discharge, may be situated in that side or bracket portion of the basin which is
in front of the open bath so as to be readily operated by the person in the bath.
The discharge from the basin is led away by a pipe independently of the bath
discharge but the said waste pipe from the basin may be connected to the same
trap pipe to which the end of the bath discharge pipe is connected, below the
level of the bath or below the bathroom floor, the ordinary discharge from the
bath is thus not interfered with! It will be seen that in accordance with my
arrangement the waste from the basin is not allowed to pass into the bath.
The supply pipes to the basin and bath are also independent of each other.
The-overflow from the basin is provided by forming a rib on the back of the
basin which provides a passage for the overflow, without the necessity for a
special pipe.
The pipes to the overhead bath supply cocks, as hereinbefore referred to, are
led along the side of or along the underside of the basin and behind the edge or
moulding or iron freize of the basin so as to be out of sight and out of the way
of the person using the bath.
In lieu of the discharge pipe from the basin joining the same trap of the bath
discharge pipe, it may be connected to an independent trap.
The basin may be fixed to the bath in any convenient manner, for example it
may be bolted to the roll of the bath.
A further part of my invention consists in the addition of a looking glass to
the combination of basin and bath, the looking-glass being erected upon the
back of the basin.
Dated this 21st day of Januar 1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Combined Arrangement of Lavatory Basin and Bath.
I, JOHN GOURLAY, of 12, West Campbell Street, Glasgow, Practical Sanitary
Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
[Price 8d.]
Year: 1898

page_text: I, ARTHUR ERNEST WALKER, of No. 18, Chiswell Street, London, E.C., a Fancy
Goods Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
-
A flap file mount consisting of a metal plate, but with ears stamped up to carry
the wire on which the bow mount works-as a pivot. A spring is attached in the
usual manner & works on the wire of bow file, thus rendering pressure to keep
the bow open or closed, but in such a way as to hold the bow more rigidly.
Therefore, the obvious advantage of this is that the mount is less liable to turn
round.
The means by which the mount is secured to the board are fangs stamped out
of the same piece of metal so avoiding the necessity of rivets.
ARTHUR ERNEST WALKER, a Fancy Goods Manufacturer, &c., of No. 18, Chis-
well Street, London, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
An ordinary flap file is made of strawboard covered cloth, having attached on
the front of top a mount by means of screws.
Instead of screws being used in this improved mount, the plate of the mount
which is made of brass or any other suitable metal is stamped out having three
holes in it, thus leaving little prongs of the metal which are thrown out at the
back of mount for the purpose of attaching mount to the file. This is effected
by these said pieces of metal being driven through the strawboard & knocked
over at back, thus obviating the necessity of using screws to attach the mount
to file.

page_text: Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. An improved flap file mount, the novelty of which is that the plate of the
mount is attached to the file not by means of screws, but by little prongs of metal,
as hereinbefore described.
Process for Increasing the Density of Metals and Alloys in Melting or Casting.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1898-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process for Increasing the Density of Metals and Alloys in Melting
or Casting.
HEINRICH SCHMIDT, of Saalfeld on the Saale, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
―
This invention relates to a process for increasing the density of metals and
alloys during melting and casting.
Hitherto it was found extremely difficult to increase the density of metals or
alloys in melting and casting even by the employment of pressure (said pressure
being either that of a column of liquid metal or of gas) and thus avoid the
formation of flaws in the interior. For the pressure used acts differently at
different levels or portions of the casting consequently the parts higher in the
casting are more porous or of less density than the lower parts. Accumulation or
generation of gas also causes fissures or flaws in the casting. In some metals
such for instance as cast-iron an admixture (in the case of cast iron-graphite)
becomes separated.
The process according to the present invention does away with the above draw-
backs. According to this process the density of metals and alloys is increased
during casting i.e., when in a fluid state by the application of an electric current.
For this purpose wires are placed in the melting vessels or moulds to be filled with
metal, and connected before or during casting with a source of electricity. The
electric waves from the wires have according to practical experience, such an
action on the molecules of the fluid metal as to cause them to pack or come nearer
one another and render them more or less magnetic according to the degree of
magnetism of the metal when cold so that they attract each other and come
nearer together. Consequently the metal or alloy when cooled will be much
denser. The current is preferably caused to pass through the metal as long as
the latter remains fluid in order that it may act as long as possible.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
The process of increasing the density of metals and their alloys in melting and
casting consisting in causing an electric current to pass through the mass whilst
in a fluid state and preferably until it has cooled the action of the current causing
the molecules of the metal or alloy to come nearer together substantially as
described.
011
1 1000
Improvements in Bedsteads and other Furniture.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bedsteads and other Furniture.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM GOLBY, of 36, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by Hermann
Franz Donath, of Mariahilferstrasse 142, Vienna, Austria, Merchant, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to bedsteads and other furniture made of metal rods or
tubes. When employed these tubes hitherto have been connected to one another
by means of screws, iron or lead cores provided with threaded holes being to this
end inserted into the ends of the tubes. This means of connection. makes the
furniture very costly, as each core has to be provided with a thread.
The present invention consists in filling out thin metal tubes with a stick or
core of wood and in connecting the tubes together by means of wood-screws.
The invention is represented in the accompanying drawing, wherein Fig. 1
shows front elevation of a bedstead end and Figs. 2-4 details of same.
The tubes are filled out with a stick or core of wood and are then connected
to one another by means of wood-screws a, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. To the
heads of the screws may be fixed or screwed metal balls b or the like for purposes
of decoration..
The wood-cores serve also another purpose. Hitherto the hooks serving to
fit the parts of the bedstead together have been fixed outside of the parts to be
connected. By employing wood-cores these hooks now can be placed in the tubes
themselves as shown in Fig. 3. To this end the wall of the tube and part of the
core are cut away, and the hook placed in the recess so formed and fixed by
means of pins.
Also the ornamental pieces or mounts which are fixed on or over the tubes are
made of wood e on the exterior of which is pressed a thin metal sheet d, see
Figure 4.
The chief advantage of the new construction consists in that the bedstead or
other article looks like a massive piece of furniture, but is much cheaper than
the latter, as, in the first place there are no metal threads to be cut, the wood-
screws making their threads themselves, and, in the second place, much thinner
tubes can be used. Moreover the manner of attaching the hooks offers great
advantages.
Instead of sticks or cores of wood the tubes may be filled with any other suitable
mass, which becomes hard after being put into the tubes, and into which an
ordinary wood screw can penetrate.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
Furniture, as bedsteads and the like, composed of thin tubes filled out with a
core of wood or other suitable hard mass and connected to one another by means
of wood-screws, substantially as described.
F. W. GOLBY,
36, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Improved Nails for Fencing and other purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Nails for Fencing and other purposes.
I, THOMAS DURRANS, of 1, Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, London, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in nails used for fencing and other
purposes, the improvements relating to a double ended nail designed to be struck
by a hammer so that either end of the nail may be driven into the fence or other
object, and to a plant holding nail one end of which is adapted to be driven into a
fence or wall while the other end is adapted to be bent around a young tree or
plant stem desired to be held or trained and to provide for the natural swelling of
the tree or plant stem so as to avoid or lessen the liability of choking the same.
On the accompanying drawings :
Figs. 1, and 2, represent side and front views of the improved double ended
nail;
and
Fig. 3, represents a side view of the improved plant nail.
Like reference letters indicate like parts wherever repeated on the drawings.
Referring to Figs. 1, and 2; the improved double ended nail is made with two
oppositely projecting fence entering or projecting ends, a, in parallel planes,
connected by a mid-length portion, a, which is made with two hammer head or
driving portions, a², one at the head of each of the oppositely projecting pointed
ends, a, of the nail, in such manner as to enable either of such hammer headed
portions, a², of the nail, indiscriminately, to be struck on with equal convenience
and facility by a hammer, and as to enable either of the pointed ends, a, of the
nail, indiscriminately, to be driven into the fence or other object, with the other
end, a, of the nail projecting.
Referring to Fig. 3, one end a, of the plant-holding nail is made, as one end of
the double ended nail illustrated in Figs. 1, and 2, is made, with a hammer head
or driving portion, a², while its other end is made with a bendable part, a³, of
curvilinear or other equivalent uneven thickness, whereby it is enabled to be bent
around the tree or plant stem, b, with only its outer projecting parts as in contact
therewith, leaving intervening spaces, at, which enable the plant stem to expand,
so as to avoid liability of the plant being choked, which frequently occurs with
existing plant holding nails.
Having now particularly described the nature of the said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A double ended nail formed and adapted as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figs. 1, and 2, of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2. A plant holding nail formed and adapted as herein before described with
reference to Fig. 3, of the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of April 1898.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Nov., 1898-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone.
We, ALBERT HENDRIK VAN DER VIJGH, Timber Merchant, of 4, Bosboom Tous-
saint Street, Amsterdam, in the Kingdom of Holland, HENDRIK VAN DER VIJGH,
Architect, and GERHARD VAN DER VIJGH, Manufacturer, both of 2, Bosboom
Toussaint Street aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to improvements in the compound described in our Speci-
fication No. 25880 of 1896, and consists in the substitution of pumice stone, and
the slag sand from molten iron, for the coke.
The proportions we prefer to employ are:-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is;
1. Artificial stone consisting of pumice stone, slag sand, tan and plaster or the
like, substantially as described.
Improvements in Ball Bottle Stoppers.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ball Bottle Stoppers.
I, JOSEF SEYBOLDT, of 33, Thorwaldstrasse, Munich, in the Empire of Germany,
Mineral Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the automatic (self-acting) ball bottle-stoppers hitherto used, the glass ball
employed for stoppering the bottle, and ground or polished, very exactly, was
enclosed in the bottle when the latter was blown, and had a diameter somewhat
larger than that of the neck of the bottle, and thus could not be removed there-
from. The reason of this was that, up to the present time, no one has known
how to make the stoppering by a smaller ball, air-tight.
Such an arrangement however, laboured under various technical disadvantages,
and produced considerable danger from the hygienic point of view. Then, some-
times, the glassball lost its rotundity by rattling about in the bottle, and thus,
was no longer air-tight, it being necessary to throw away the whole bottle, and,
on the other hand, the cleansing of the bottles presents great difficulty, so that
the beverages, with which they are subsequently filled, become un-wholesome or
un-palatable.
By means of this invention, it is possible to remove the ball from the bottle,
and thereby obviate the whole of the inconveniences mentioned.
In the accompanying drawing, one form of the invention is illustrated by way
of example.
Fig. 1, shewing the cross-section of a stoppered (closed) bottle.
Fig. 2, the cross-section of an un-stoppered (open) bottle.
The improvement consists in making the diameter of the ball 1 somewhat
smaller than the narrowest part 2 of the neck of the bottle, and also in the india-
rubber packing ring 3 being of such a size as to fill the space left between the
ball and the neck and of such a body or texture as to firmly hold the ball between
itself and the neck of the bottle.
In order to insert the ball, or a fresh ball instead of a damaged one, the india-
rubber ring 3 is simply removed, the former ball taken out of the bottle, a fresh
one put in and the india-rubber ring 3 therefrom inserted in the groove. The
bottle is then at once fit for use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
Ball bottle-stoppers, the distinguishing feature of which is that the diameter
of the hall 1 is somewhat smaller than that of the narrowest part of the neck of

page_text: the bottle, so that, after the india-rubber ring 3, has been removed, the ball can
be taken out of the bottle for any desired purpose, and be replaced by another
substantially as herein described and shewn in the drawings.
Dated this 9th day of December 1898.
HUGHES & YOUNG,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Reflectors, chiefly Designed for Incandescent Electric Lamps.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1399 -Accepted, 22nd Apr.,
1899
Improvements in Reflectors, chiefly Designed for Incandescent
Electric Lamps.
1
:
I, CURT BARTENSTEIN, of 27, Skalitzerstrasse, Berlin, S.O., in the Empire of
Germany, Managing Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
}
In metallic or glass reflectors, heretofore employed and constructed in the
shape of a bowl which is arranged, for example, above the illuminating body
of an electric incandescent lamp, the surface, which reflects the light in a down-
ward direction is smooth, that is to say does not present any projections or
recesses.
Such constructional forms has the defect that the incandescent carbon filament
is reflected by the surface of the reflector-body which is illuminated by said
filament, so that the image of the illuminating carbon filament appears upon
the surface to be illuminated, and consequently the latter is not uniformly illu-
minated, which causes an unpleasant effect upon the eyes of the person using
the light. For practical purposes, therefore, reflectors of this kind are not adapted.
If, moreover, such reflectors be made of metal, they are subject to atmospheric
action, become tarnished and non-effective.
To avoid these inconveniences, the bowl-shaped reflector body, forming the
subject of this invention, is made of glass with a reflecting surface consisting
of many adjacent surfaces, which are so constructed as to have their central
parts either projecting or receding.
By the effect of such surfaces the reflection of the illuminating carbon filament
is broken, so that the surface to be illuminated is evenly illuminated and the
reflection of the carbon filament has no disturbing effect.
By constructing the bowl-shaped reflector-body of glass, the bowl is, moreover,
not subject to atmospheric action.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Reflectors, chiefly Designed for Incandescent
Electric Lamps.
I, CURT BARTENSTEIN, of 27, Skalitzerstrasse, Berlin, S.O., in the Empire of
Germany, Managing Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
Improvement in Shelves in Furniture and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Shelves in Furniture and the like.
JOSEPH GREGOIRE LIEDHART, 14, Charles Square, Hoxton, N., London, Sculptor,
Modeller and Designer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
I named this invention " The self raising shelf," as with the slightest impul-
sion, it rises slowly alone as described, in the following explanation and accom-
panying drawings.
It is a square tube in wood, which is marked A in every figure: this tube con-
tains another square that is marked B rising from the bottom, but passing
through an equal square hole made in the top part D of any piece of furniture
or joinery where a shelf can be adapted. The size is in proportion according to
the article to which it is adapted.
The mouldings at the top and bottom marked D are the body of the article,
where the shelf is adapeted, but have nothing to do with the principle which is
placed between.
Figure 1 represents the square tube or envelope A when the shelf is not raised.
Figure 2 represents the square B rising inside A showing the shelf when raised.
Figure 3 represents the ground plan where the rising shelf is fixed on the top
of B, showing the movement which is made by the aid of two pulleys C, fixed on
the top of the tube A, also a cord fixed at the bottom of B, and having on the end
attached a weight of lead E, equivalent to the weight it has to raise by the counter
balance.
1
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is: -
This shelf which rises by itself with the slightest impulsion when required and
it descends in the same manner when finished with: in any article to which it
may be adapted in the furniture or joinery trades.
Improvements in Tobacco Pipes, Cigar and Cigarette Holders and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 11th July, 1898-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tobacco Pipes, Cigar and Cigarette Holders and
the like.
THOMAS EDGE, Mechanical Draftsman, 4, Princess Road, Heaton Park,
Manchester, JOSEPH HASLAM BALSHAW, Stationer, 14, Brandram Road, Heaton Park,
Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention relates to a means whereby the smoke from tobacco & the like
is purified & cooled.
In the case of the pipe Figs. 1, 2 & 2 the bowl A has a passage at the bottom
which leads to a chamber B containing deflector plates C (or a brush) which
obstruct the direct flow of the smoke & collect the impurities, after leaving the
chamber B the smoke enters the condensing & cooling chamber D & then passes
up the projecting stem E into the mouthpiece.
In the case of the cigar & cigarette holders Fig. 3, the deflectors A are placed
in the chamber B, there is also a condensing & cooling chamber C & a
projecting stem E.
Or the condensing & cooling chambers & the projecting stems of the pipe,
cigar & cigarette holders may be discarded & a simple hole or otherwise may lead
from chambers B to the mouthpiece.
The deflector plates are arranged as in Figs. 2 & 2A in 2 or more rows, behind
each other & set so that the smoke does not have a straight & uninterrupted
passage from the bowl to the stem, the deflector plates may be discarded & a
brush used instead so that the smoke would have to pass the bristles.
Cigar & cigarette holders may be made as shown in Figs. & 5, where the
deflector plates A are so arranged as to interfere with the direct flow of the
smoke.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, & in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
-
A means whereby the smoke from tobacco & the like may be purified &
cooled in its passage from the bowl or holder to the stem or mouthpiece, by the
action of deflector plates, or brushes so arranged as to intercept the smoke & cause
it to change its direction.
Improvements in Leg Rests.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 14th May, 1898
Improvements in Leg Rests.
I, GEORGE HOWARD, of 25, 26 & 27, Berners Street, Oxford Street, London, W.,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention has for object the providing of a leg rest which is portable
and which can be folded so as to take up as little room as possible when not in use.
Leg rests made according to my invention may be made of wood (which I prefer)
or metal or other suitable materials.
A reference to the accompanying drawings will assist to explain the nature of
my invention & its mode of user.
I take a board, B, of sufficient thickness (about 1 inch will usually be enough)
and of about 18 inches in length by 9 inches in width; though I do not confine
myself to these exact measurements. I then take another board, R, of similar
dimensions, and having placed it with one end butting on a line drawn at right
angles to the sides of B, (that is to say, across B) at about half way along its (B's)
length, I connect it (R) to the board B by means of hinges (h) let in to the face
of R which is to be uppermost when the rest is in use; and by screws or other
suitable means I fix a strip of wood (b) or other suitable material to B in a position
such as to prevent R from being moved through a greater angle than a right angle
to B. It is obvious that when not in use the face of R may be folded against the
face of B.
My leg rest is used in manner shown in the drawing: the lower end of B resting
on the floor at such angle as may be most convenient to the user. By the use of a
leg rest of this construction in combination with the most ordinary chair a position
of great comfort can be attained by the sitter, whilst when out of use the leg rest can
be stowed away in a very narrow space.
Leg rests constructed according to my invention may be upholstered if greater
ease & elegance is desired.
In place of the parts being of solid wood or metal, wood or metal frames of
similar outline, hinged and controlled in manner above described, but covered with
leather or other suitable material (& stuffed where desired) may be used.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
The construction of a folding leg rest substantially as above described and
illustrated.
DOW
1
P101 1000
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hypochlorite of Soda.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hypochlorite of Soda.
We, MAX MUSPRATT, Chemist, EDWARD SHRAPNELL SMITII, Chemist, and
THE UNITED ALKALI COMPANY LIMITED, all of 30, James Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the manufacture of hypochlorite of soda as hitherto practiced the final
solution contains all the soluble products involved in the reactions, as indicated
by the following equations::
Na₂O + Cl₂ = NaOCl + NaCl.
or Ca
ŎCI
Cl + Na₂CO, = CaCO₁ + NaOCI + NaCl.
(or Na₂SO) (CaSO.)
Up to a strength of from 12 to 14 per cent. (by weight) available chlorine these
soluble products can exist in equivalent quantities in solution but we have found
that when this strength is exceeded the salt (NaCl) begins to separate out and is
very detrimental to the further absorption of chlorine on account of the solution
becoming overheated, the solid salt causing blockages and frothing of the solution.
These difficulties are overcome according to this invention as follows:-
A caustic solution of a strength equivalent to that of the required hypochlorite
solution is subjected to treatment with chlorine gas. When salt has been
deposited to an appreciable extent the supply of chlorine is arrested, and, after
removing the salt, the clear liquor is subjected to further chlorination. Or we
may commence with a solution of caustic soda of lower strength than the equiva-
lent of the required hypochlorite solution, but one which will give a deposit of
salt before it is saturated with chlorine. After the deposit has become appreciable
the salt is removed and the solution will then be capable of dissolving solid
caustic with further deposition of salt which is removed and then the solution is
further treated with chlorine. This latter method may also be carried out by the
addition of solid caustic at the commencement of the operation, which will
gradually dissolve as the salt is deposited, and thus enable further chlorine to
be absorbed. At no point should the solution be without an excess of free caustic
alkali on account of its liability to form chlorates.
In the case of the chloride of lime the salt may be removed with the carbonate,
or sulphate, of lime formed.
The chief advantage gained by this invention is the obtainment of a clear
solution of hypochlorite of soda which contains less than its equivalent of sodium
chloride.
7 Dated this 6th day of December 1898
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
An Improvement in Drawing Boards.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1898-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in Drawing Boards.
I. THOMAS ROBERT ABLETT, of 50, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, in the County
of London, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to a construction of drawing board for students use so as to
readily enable the student to affix the copy or object which he is drawing in suitable
positions and in the case of class teaching to enable the teacher to instruct the
students so that the object being drawn can be copied from the same point of view
by all.
For this purpose I construct the board as shewn in perspective by Figs. 1 and 2 of
the accompanying drawing. The drawing board A is provided near its back edge
with several holes B. An upright board C is provided with a dowel pin which can
be inserted into any of the holes B so as to keep the board C in a vertical position at
right angles to the drawing board. This upright board is provided with saw cuts D
into which can be inserted suitable cards E or shelves, which can themselves form the
object to be drawn or may act as a support for the object, or the object may be
affixed to the board C by pins. The saw cuts D are preferably made open mouthed
somewhat V shaped so that the card can be readily inserted.
Several lines are drawn across the holes B which can be numbered or lettered and
an index line F is provided on the board C so that the teacher can readily instruct
all his pupils to place the upright board C in the same position so that the object
attached thereto or the card E or object placed thereon can be drawn from the same
point of view by all the students.
Two different positions of the board C are shewn by the Figs. 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
Obviously two or more vertical boards C can be arranged in different positions upon
the horizontal board A or on two or more such boards to facilitate the holding of
models or copies in various positions and the vertical board C may have holes such
as G to receive the dowel pin of another of the boards C which will stand out at right
angles to it to produce shades if required or to facilitate the holding of models
or copies.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A drawing board constructed and employed substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
Improvements in Storm Lamps.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Storm Lamps.
We, JAMES PAUL, Engineer, of 22, Gilmore Place, Edinburgh, and JOHN THOMSON
PAUL, of the Firm of Wilkie & Paul, Brass Founders and Tinplate Workers, Grove
Works, Brandfield Street, Edinburgh, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
This invention relates to an improvement in lamps and is more particularly
applicable to that form of lamp known as the tubular storm lamp in which there is
a metal cover to the glass chimney. When such lamp is lighted the metal cover
soon becomes very hot, and the object of this invention is to provide a means of
raising the cover up without requiring to touch it.
In order that our invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, we have hereunto appended 1 sheet of drawings in both figures of which
corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of reference.
Figure 1 shows the lamp with the cover raised and Figure 2 the top of the lamp
with the cover lowered.
A is the reservoir containing the oil, B the chimney, C the metal cover to keep
the wind from blowing out the lamp, and D the handle. To provide a means for
raising the cover we attach one end of a chain E to the top of the cover.
The other
end of the chain is loosely attached to the handle. When the cover is lowered
the end of the chain is at the lower part of the handle and the chain is slack as
shown in Figure 2. When it is desired to raise the cover the end of the chain is
pushed up to the top of the handle, as shown in Figure 1.
The length of the chain is adjusted so that when the end is at the top of the
handle the cover is raised the desired amount.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
A means of raising and suspending the cover of storm lamps, substantially as
described.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Patent Agents.
An Improved Ratchet Pulley.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1898-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Ratchet Pulley.
I, ALFRED EDWARD HOLDOM, Joiner, 97, St. Mary's Road, Oxford, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to an improved ratchet pulley for use in raising blinds
and similarly suspended articles. Such pulleys are commonly called rack pulleys
or blind racks, and consist of a runner carrying the pulley and movable in a slide
at the back of which is a ratch (or rack with inclined teeth) in which presses the
free end of a flat spring one end of which is attached to the back of the runner.
In my improved ratchet pulley, I do away with the ratch at the back of the
slide, and also the spring at the back of the runner and replace them by a ratch
at each side of the slide and a spring at each side of the runner carrying the pulley.
In order to more clearly disclose my invention, I make reference to the accompany-
ing sheet of drawings in which, Fig. 1, is a front view, and Fig. 2, a side view
of the runner. Fig. 3, a vertical section of the slide, and Fig. 4, a cross section
showing the slide and runner assembled. Similar letters denote the same parts
wherever they occur.
a is the pulley round which is passed the cord for raising the blind or other
article. c is the runner carrying the spindle d on which a rotates, and the knob
or other terminal e by which c can be regulated in the slide f. To each side of c is
attached a flat spring g, the free end h of which is bent outwards and press into
the teeth of the ratchet i. The slide f is fastened in position in such manner that
the teeth of the ratchet i will, owing to the pressure of h within them, prevent the
runner being pulled back towards the top of the slide f. The ratchet pulley
and its component parts can be made of metal alone or in combination with any
other suitable material or materials. The appliance is equally applicable to hori-
zontal, as well as vertical use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
An improved ratchet pulley (rack pulley or blind rack) the essential features
of which are a runner carrying the pulley, and having at each side a preferably
fat spring the elevated free ends of each spring pressing into the teeth of a
ratch, one of which is provided at each side of the slide in which the runner is
free to move, the various parts being so arranged that while pressure of the springs
in the ratches do not impede the movement of the runner and pulley in one
lirection, they nevertheless prevent their movement in the opposite direction, the
[Price 8d l
Year: 1898

page_text: ARTHUR HARMAN, 83, Castle Street, Battersea, Surrey, S.W., Assistant Pawn-
broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
A small piece of cone shaped compressed carbon coal" porous without large
holes, for preventing nicotine from getting into the mouth when smoking, for
keeping tobacco pipes cool and sweet, and preventing the tobacco from being wet
in the bottom of pipe.
ARTHUR HARMAN, 83, Castle Street, Battersea, S.W., Pawnbroker's Assistant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
Made of gas retort carbon "the mineral residue of coal obtained in making
gas," which is then crushed by machine into a fine powder, then mixed with water
into a stiff paste, compressed and moulded to the shape of the bottom of tobacco
pipe, then baked in a kiln till porous, for use in tobacco pipes, to prevent the
nicotine from getting into the mouth or stem of pipe when smoking.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
fin nuant tasteless nicotine filter tobacco-vine plug
Improvements in and relating to Ceilings.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 22nd July, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Ceilings.
I, ADOLPH ELLE, of Neustadt, Orla, in the Empire of Germany, Master
Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to ceilings.
The ceilings made of artificial stone as heretofore known are bound by wedges
only in one direction.
According to my aforesaid invention I construct a ceiling which is bound not
A ceiling
only in the transverse direction, but also in the longitudinal direction.
produced in this manner is self-supporting, and can bear a heavier load. The
blocks used bear against each other in the oblique direction, from the side of the
wall to the centre of the ceiling. In the middle these blocks, which are laid
together in diverging directions, are bound by wedge-shaped blocks of gypsum,
and the bearing capacity may be further increased by putting liquid mortar of
gypsum to the abutting and bearing joints. As the several blocks bear against
each other they add little to the load on the beams. The transverse binding in
the bay takes place by wedge-shaped pieces of wood which are driven between
the beam and the inclined surface of the blocks. The bearing upon the lateral
surfaces of the beams is provided for by laths nailed to the lower portion of such
beams.
In the accompanying drawing:
r
Figure I represents a longitudinal section of a ceiling made according to my
invention.
Figure II is a section on the line ay of Fig. I.
Figure III is a longitudinal section showing a wedge binding device, and
Figure IV a section on the line op of Figure I.
Figure V shows a modification of the wedge binding device.
By a I designate the blocks of gypsum provided with openings b, and with
recesses and projections d. These blocks of gypsum are laid together in rows
in diverging directions, so that the beams will be less loaded. In the middle
these blocks are bound by wedge-shaped pieces of gypsum e e¹. This binding
may be increased by driving in one or more wooden wedges f, Figures I, III
and V, which may again be wedged by a third wedge f¹, Figure V. Wedge-
shaped laths g g nailed to the lower portion of the beams serve for the support of
the ends of the blocks of gypsum. Wedge-shaped pieces of wood h are designed
for effecting the transverse binding. The filling up to the upper edge of the beam
is effected by means of dry sand or ashes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
A ceiling consisting of blocks of artificial stone placed one against the other

page_text: in a row only in the direction of the beam, these blocks being bound in the plane
of the ceiling by wedges in the longitudinal and transverse direction, substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 5th day of November 1898
J. LINCOLN & Co.,
75, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.