Apparatus for Effecting the Intimate Mixture of Liquids, Semi-liquids, or Liquefied Matters.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd May, 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Effecting the Intimate Mixture of Liquids,
Semi-liquids, or Liquefied Matters.
I, MATHIEU JULIEN of Effingham House, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for effecting the intimate and permanent
mixture, under the effect of high pressure and shock, of liquid or liquefied matters
which by reason of their difference of nature and density are difficultly miscible or
which are liable to separate after having been intimately mixed together.
The apparatus is principally designed for mixing the constituent elements of
artificial butter namely oil, margarine, and milk, so as to form a homogeneous
product closely resembling genuine butter and suitable for alimentary and culinary
purposes.
The apparatus consists essentially of a cylinder to which the matters to be mixed
are supplied under pressure and which is traversed by a sliding rod subjected to the
opposing pressures of the said matters, and of a spring, the said rod acting as a
regulating valve to render the mixing action of the apparatus automatically
dependent on the attainment and maintenance of a sufficient and constant pressure
on the liquids. For this purpose the rod is made of two diameters, the parts of
different diameter passing through packed joints in the opposite ends of the
cylinder so as to leave the rod exposed to liquid pressure in one direction which is
balanced by the stress of a spring in the other direction, means being provided of
regulating the stress according to the liquid pressure at which it is required to
work. The part of the rod of smaller diameter is tubular and has minute radial
emission orifices leading into its bore which when a sufficient pressure is attained
in the cylinder are caused by the motion of the rod to communicate with the
interior of the cylinder and give passage to minute jets which strike against each
other with great force within the bore and by the shock thus produced, the
molecules of the constituent liquids become so intimately mixed or emulsified that
they are no longer separable.
The liquids to be mixed are forced into the cylinder in regulated proportions
through a common inlet by separate pumps and when the pressure in the cylinder
is sufficient to overcome the spring the piston valve opens to the cylinder and the
liquids issue through the emission orifices above referred to. The mixed product
passes out through the bore of the rod, and in the case of artificial butter it is
discharged in fine streams through a perforated distributor immersed in a receptacle
containing iced water through which the cooled and solidified product rises and
floats on the surface, whence it is collected and kneaded into a solid mass by
ordinary means.
Instead of the meeting of the jets taking place within the bore of the piston
valve as above mentioned, the valve may merely control the flow of the liquids to
be mixed to independent external jet nozzles which may be variously arranged and
provided with means of adjustment for varying the relative positions and number
and volume of the jets. For example there may be two or more jets mutually
opposed or meeting at any angle a common point so as to interpenetrate, or the one
jet may be annular and the other be concentric and coincident in direction there-
with, both being projected against a common striking surface which may be in the
form of a divergent cone or the one jet may be opposed in direction to and co-axial

page_text: with the other jet, the nozzle of the one forming a striking surface for the
other jet.
Dated this 2nd day of August 1893.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Effecting the Intimate Mixture of Liquids,
Semi-liquids, or Liquefied Matters.
I, MATHIEU JULIEN of Effingham House, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus for carrying into effect the process for which
former Letters Patent were granted dated December 2nd 1892 No. 22,115. This
process has for its objeet to bring about the intimate and permanent mixture under
the effect of high pressure and shock, of liquid or liquefied matters which by reason
of their difference of nature and density are difficultly miscible, or which are liable
to separate after having been intimately mixed together.
The apparatus
principally designed for mixing the constituent elements of
artificial butter, namely oil, margarine and milk so as to form a homogeneous
product closely resembling genuine butter and suitable for alimentary and culinary
purposes.
The apparatus comprises a cylinder to which the matters to be mixed are
supplied under pressure, and which is traversed by a sliding rod subjected to the
opposing pressures of the said matters and of a spring, the said rod acting as a
regulating valve to render the mixing action of the apparatus automatically
dependent on the attainment and maintenance of a sufficient and constant pressure
on the liquids. Part of the rod is tubular and has minute emission orifices
leading into its bore which when a sufficient pressure is attained in the cylinder
are caused by the motion of the rod to communicate with the interior of the
cylinder and give passage to minute jets which strike against each other with
great force within the bore, and by the shock thus produced the molecules of
the constituent liquids become so intimately mixed or emulsified that they are
no longer separable.
Instead of the meeting of the jets taking place within the bore of the piston
valve as above mentioned, the valve may merely control the flow of the liquids to
be mixed to independent external jet nozzles which may be variously arranged and
provided with means of adjustment for varying the relative positions and number
and volume of the jets which may be mutually opposed or meet at any angle a
common point so as to interpenetrate, or the one jet may be annular and the other
be concentric and coincident in direction therewith, both being projected against a
common striking surface or the one jet may be opposed in direction to and co-axial
with the other jet, the nozzle of the one forming a striking surface for the
other jet.
Referring to the drawings accompanying this Specification, and forming a part
thereof,
Figure is a plan view showing the general arrangement of the pumps for
supplying the constituents of the product to the mixer.
Figure 2 shows a detail of the pump driving eccentric.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the regulator whereby the emission of the jets is so
controlled as to be dependent on the attainment and maintenance of the proper

page_text: working pressure, while Figure 4 is a vertical section of the lower part of Figure 3
and Figure 5 a similar section drawn to a larger scale than Figure 3 and showing
one form of jet emission and mixing device.
Figures 6 to 8 represent on an enlarged scale, sectional views of various other
forms of jet emission and impact devices and illustrate some of the various ways in
which the jets may be directed against each other or against an impact surface.
In Figure 1 there are three sets of force pumps driven from a common shaft
and working alternately, but any other number of sets of pumps may be used.
Each set comprises as many pumps as there are liquids of different densities to
be mixed, the pumps of each set supplying the respective ingredients concurrently
in predetermined proportions. In each set of pumps A is the pump supplying
milk and B the pump supplying margarine liquefied by heat, or a mixture of oil.
and margarine. The rams of the two pumps of each set are suitably proportioned
in diameter and both are worked from a shaft C by eccentrics D E, whereof the
one D is fixed as to its throw, the other or others E being adjustable so as to
enable the stroke of the corresponding ram or rams to be varied. This adjust-
ment is provided for by radially slotting the eccentric E as shown at e in Figure 2
and attaching it to a disc F fast on the shaft by bolts passing through slots f¹
in the disc, so that whilst the coincidence of the two eccentrics in their periodic
revolution remains unaltered, the throw of the one may be varied. In each set
a is the suction and a¹ the delivery valve box of the pump A, and b, b' are the
corresponding valve boxes of the pump B. The delivery valve boxes a', b' of
each set are connected through pipes a, b, branch pipes 9 and check valves gl
with a pipe G common to all the sets of pumps, and to which is connected at h
the regulator permitting the supply only at a given pressure, of the roughly mixed
matters to the jet nozzles.
This regulator which forms the most essential feature of the present invention is
shewn separately in Figures 3, 4, 5 and comprises a piston I acting as a regulating
valve and traversing a cylinder H connected with the pipe G, the piston being
formed of a rod whose parts & are of different diameters and pass through cup
leathers and glands at the opposite ends of the cylinder so as to leave the piston
exposed to liquid pressure in one direction. This pressure is balanced by the stress'
of a spring K acting on the piston in the opposite direction, means being provided of
regulating the stress according to the pressure at which it is required to work. For
this purpose the part of the piston carries a movable crosshead L fitted to slide on
tie-rods connecting a fixed crosshead L' to the cylinder H. Between the
movable and fixed crossheads L L' the spring K is confined, the spring being
coiled about a guide k carried by the movable crosshead L and passing freely
through the fixed crosshead L'. By tightening up the nuts the stress of the
spring is increased by the crosshead L', which forms the abutment for the
spring, being brought nearer to the crosshead L whose motion in the direction of
the spring pressure is limited by collars on the tie-rods. The part of the
piston rod which is of a smaller diameter is tubular and has two or more minute
radial emission orifices m leading from its circumference into its bore n. When
the pressure of liquid in the cylinder H acting on the effective area of the part
of the piston is sufficient to overcome the stress of the spring, the piston is moved
so as to bring the emission orifices m into communication with the interior of the
cylinder, as shewn in Figure 5, so as to give passage to minute jets of the liquid
mixture contained in the cylinder. These jets meet and strike against each other
with great force within the bore n and by the violent concussion thus produced the
molecules become so intimately mixed as to form a kind of emulsion of which
the constituent liquids are inseparable or difficultly separable. The length of the
cylinder H is sufficient to admit of the necessary play of the piston I under the
limited variations of pressure due to the pulsating action of the pumps. Should
the pressure however fall below the predetermined limit, the piston I will be moved
by the spring so as to cut off the connection of the orifices m with the cylinder and
so arrest the mixing action until the necessary pressure has again been reached.

page_text: The orifices m may be mere needle-holes about 2nd of an inch in diameter, the
diameter of these orifices being necessarily limited in view of the high pressure
acting on the cupped leather past which the orifices work and the large delivery of
small orifices under high pressures. We have found that a pressure in the cylinder
of about 250 atmospheres gives jets of the necessary velocity to produce a shock of
the violence required to bring about a sufficiently intimate admixture for the
manufacture of butter.
The product of the mixing action passes away through a pipe coupled to the
open end of the tubular part of the piston and may be cooled and solidified in
various ways.
The mixture of the liquids may also be effected by causing them to be emitted
at a high velocity in the form of minute jets from jet nozzles variously arranged,
as shewn in Figures 6 to 8 for example, and which may be provided with
independent means of adjustment for varying the positions and regulating the
relative volumes of the jets. In Figure 6 there are three nozzles, two oo being
oppositely directed and co-axial so that their jets are directly opposed to each other
whilst the third o¹ is at right angles to the other two. The jets meet within an
enclosing casing, the resulting product being conveyed into a tank of iced milk or
water as described in the Specification of the former Letters Patent before referred to.
One of these nozzles might be dispensed with, except when three separately intro-
duced materials are to be mixed. In Figure 7 three nozzles are arranged at different
distances from a common centre at which the jets projected at different pressures
meet as in Figure 6. In Figure 8 the two nozzles are concentric and coincident in
direction, the orifice of the one being annular and surrounding the other, the two
jets being projected against a common point of impact p which may be of conical,
flat, or other form. Instead of the jets being co-axial, they may be directed at an
angle to each other so as to meet against a common point of impact.
The jet nozzles may each receive a mixture such as supplied by the pumps or
each nozzle may be separately supplied with one of the liquids to be mixed. The
relative proportions of the liquids may be regulated by proportioning the number or
dimensions of the nozzles supplying the one liquid to those supplying the other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The herein described apparatus for mixing or emulsifying difficultly miscible
liquids semi liquids or liquefied matters by the effect of pressure and shock, which
apparatus consists of a combined regulating piston valve and jet emission mixing
device operated by the pressure of the liquids to be mixed acting in opposition to
a spring substantially as specified.
2. For the purposes of the process herein referred to the respective arrangements
of adjustable jet emission and impact devices substantially as specified.
Dated this and 1
M
1004
MATHIEU JULIEN,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.