IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES, TUBES, ROLLERS, AND SIMILAR WORK
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Mitchell, of Keighley, in. the County of
York, Iron Moulder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES, TUBES, ROLLERS, AND SIMILAR WORK."
Sealed the 26th April 1861, and dated the 3rd November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Mitchell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1860.
I, JOSEPH MITCHELL, of Keighley, in the County of York, Iron Moulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES, TUBES, ROLLERS, AND SIMILAR WORK,"
to be as follows, that is to say: -
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the formation of the
moulding boxes used for casting iron pipes, in the construction of the core
bars, and in certain appliances for properly securing it within the moulding
boxes, and furthermore in the construction of the model in combination
with certain means and appliances for introducing and withdrawing it from
the moulding box:-These improvements are as follows:-I form the moulding
boxes perfectly smooth and level having their ends bored true, so that when
put together the aperture accurately fits the extremities of the core bar, like
piston rod passing through the cover of the cylinder; the core bar has also
those portions of its extremities which pass through the box ends and project
outwards accurately turned; the one part of the projecting extremity. has a
collar formed on it which presses against the outer face of the box. end,
the other has a neck and shoulder on it, the latter of which lies within.

page_text: the box, the neck passing outwards. When placed within the boxes it is
firmly and tightly held in its place by means of a cottar drawn through
the projecting neck end, which pressing against a ring on the end of the
box draws the collar at the other extremity close up to the end of the box
and tightens it, the boxes being themselves tightly clamped together.
My next improvement' consists in the use of a gauntry or table having
a perfectly smooth and even surface. In order to make this table portable
I mount it on wheels. The face of the gauntry is made to fit the model,
which is placed within it and supported on cottars or bars. The extremities
of the model are supported on rods or bars, which by means of other trans-
mitting rods are connected with a balance lever by depressing or elevating
which the model is raised or lowered. In using these appliances the model
is first placed within the prepared recess in the face of the gauntry, and
by means of the supporting bars rapidly seated; the one box is now placed
on the gauntry over the model, and the sand rammed firmly in and arround
it, the supporting bars being withdrawn the model rests upon the vertical
rods connected with the balanced lever, the latter being acted upon the
system is depressed and bears with it the model from out of the mould.
The same is repeated with the other box, the core bar is then placed within
these boxes and fixed as before described, and the casting may be proceeded
with. By these means I am enabled not only to obtain better castings, but
also to greatly facilitate the work.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Mitchell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
MITCHELL, of Keighley, in the County of York, Iron Moulder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Mitchell, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Mitchell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Mitchell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES, TUBES, ROLLERS, AND SIMILAR WORK,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Mitchell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Mitchell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the formation of the
moulding boxes used for casting pipes, tubes, pillars, and such like articles,
and also in the mode of constructing the core bar, and in certain appliances
for properly securing it within the said moulding boxes; and furthermore
in the mode of forming the model, and in certain means and apparatus for
introducing and withdrawing the same from the moulding boxes.
These improvements are as follows:-I form my moulding boxes perfectly
even and smooth on their edges, having their ends bored true, so that when
put together the aperture accurately fits the extremities of the core bar,
like a piston rod passing through the cover of a cylinder. The core bar
has also those portions of its extremities which pass through the box ends
accurately turned, and smooth; one of the projecting ends has a collar
formed on it, which presses against the outer face of the end of the boxes;
the other extremity has a neck and shoulder on it, the latter of which
lies within the box, the neck passing outwards. When the bar is placed
within the boxes, it is firmly and tightly held in its place by means of a
cottar driven through the projecting end, which pressing against a ring or
collar, on the end of the box, draws up the collar at the opposite extremity
close against the end of the box, and tightens it: the boxes are themselves
held together by clamps.
The next part of my Invention consists in using a table or gauntry, having
its surface perfectly smooth, the central part either cut away, so as to leave
a place for receiving a model, or the top may be formed of two parts con-
nected by means of screws, so that the place between may be increased or
diminished according to the size and shape of the model used.
I propose

page_text: also that the gauntry or table shall be mounted on wheels; so as to be
easily moved about. The model rests on cottars or bars, attached to the
gauntry, and upon these being withdrawn, its extremities rest and are
supported by-rods, which move in guides or slides, which when acted upon
by a balance lever and a system of cranks are caused to be elevated and
depressed, carrying with them the model.
In order more clearly to illustrate my Invention I have to this Specifica-
tion appended the accompanying Drawings, which are intended to show the general
principles of construction I adopt in carrying out my Invention, and the mode
by which the same is applied and used, it being clearly understood that the.
various parts may be modified or altered to suit particular applications, and
particular formed castings, and various analogous devices substituted for
equivalents of the different parts, the main principles being always retained.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation of two moulding boxes joined together, having the
core bar inserted and firmly retained in its place; Figure 2 is a longitudinal.
section of same, either ready for casting or having the pipe cast; Figure .3
is an end view of same; Figure 4, a similar view, showing the mode and
means of tightening the core bar; Figure 5 is a front view of the gauntry,
having the moulding box mounted upon it, and the model inserted; Figure 6
is an end view of the Figure 5; Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of Figure 5,
shewing the model in position within the moulding box, and the mode of
supporting and withdrawing the same, by means of the balance lever;
Figure 8 is a transverse sectional view of Figure 5; similar letters indicate
the same or similar parts in different Figures.
a, a, represent the moulding boxes; b, b, the clamps for binding them
together; c, the core bar, having the shoulder c¹ at the one extremity, and
plain at the other; d, the catch or ring for tightening the core bar by means
of the cottar e, which draws the shoulder c against the neck of the box b¹;
f, the loam placed round the bar; 9, the pipe to be cast or the mould made
by the model for casting; h, h, the box stays; i, i, (Figs. 5, 6, 7 & 8) the
model; k, the guide rods for supporting the same; 1, the gauntry or table
upon which the moulding boxes rest, the model being placed between two
faces,; these faces although shewn immoveable in the Drawing, may by
means of screws or slides be made to open more or less, so as to take in
a model of larger dimensions or different form; m, the cottars or bars for
supporting the model when the box is being rammed; n, the balance weight,
for actuating the guide rods k, which support the model when the cottars

page_text: m are withdrawn, and when it is required to remove it; o, o, the transmitting
rods; p, p, the bent lever connected with same; 9, 9, guides in which the
rods k, k, move; r, r, stays for strengthening the gauntry; s, s, the wheels on
which the gauntry moves.
The mode of working is as follows:-The model being placed between the
cheeks of the gauntry is supported in its position by the cottars so that its
diameter shall coincide with the surface of the table; the moulding box is
then placed on it on the top of the gauntry (see Figs. 6 and 8) and then the
moulding sand rammed in; the cottars are then withdrawn and the model
allowed to rest on the guide bars k, k, at its extremities; the balance lever
is then acted upon, so as to cause the guide bars, k, k, to descend, and the
model is lowered with them; the box is then removed; similar action
is performed with the other box; the core bar and loam are then placed
with the mould so formed, the boxes bound together, and the casting formed
in the usual manner.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and how the same is
carried into effect, I now state that what I claim and desire secured to me
by the before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The mode of constructing moulding boxes having their edges made per-
fectly true, the ends formed and bored so as to fit accurately the models and core
bars, and having the appliances for tightening the core bar, substantially as
described in this Specification and generally illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
2dly. The mode of forming the core bar with a collar at one end, and
cottar holes or other similar devices at the other, so as to enable the same
to be tightened and held firmly by appliances mentioned before, and sub-
stantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
3dly. The use of a gauntry or table so formed as to fit and hold the model
when inserted within the moulding box, also the means and appliance in
connexion with the same for supporting and withdrawing the model from
the box, substantially as described and set forth in this Specification, and
generally illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Mitchell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOSEPH MITCHELL. (L.S.)