IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF AND MACHINES FOR MINING COAL
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Phillips Thompson of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and
323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF AND MACHINES FOR MINING
COAL "
A communication from abroad by John DuBois of the town of
Du Bois in the County of Clearfield, in the State of Pennsylvania one of the
United States of America, Gentleman
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Phillips Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1882.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON of the Agency for Foreign Patent Solicitors
6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn
in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF
AND MACHINES FOR MINING COAL " A communication from abroad by John
DuBois of the town of Du Bois in the County of Clearfield in the State of
Pennyslvania one of the United States of America Gentleman
The object of this Invention is to secure the cheap rapid and economical
loosening of coal from the vein
The first part of the Invention relates to the method consisting in boring a
hole into the breast of the coal to the depth to which it is to be undermined and
then cutting from the hole outward by successive actions of a reciprocating chisel
or cutter, a slot or channel extending beneath the coal and also when required
upward past the sides of the same thereby loosening the body of the coal so that
it may fall or be forced down in the usual manner.
The second part of the Invention consists in a channelling tool consisting
essentially of a reciprocating chisel, a guide therefor, and a ram or hammer pro-
vided with means whereby it may be moved forward and backward by hand.

page_text: This part of the Invention also relates to minor features of construction which
will be hereinafter described in detail
"
"
In the ordinary method of taking down coal a horizontal shaft or opening known
at the beginning as an entry is carried into the vein of coal and lateral branches
or openings known as rooms
extended therefrom to follow the course of the
vein. The coal at the end of the rooms is repeatedly undermined and permitted]
to fall or be forced down in large blocks or masses of the size of the size of the end
of the room.
This undermining is almost universally carried on by hand the miner
lying upon the floor on his side or back and cutting beneath the coal with a
hand pick.
In order to undermine the coal sufficiently to get it down in marketable condition
the miner is obliged to cut beneath the same to a sufficient extent to give room for
him to lie thereunder on his side in order that he may cut sufficiently deep for
the coal to break down to advantage. The space to be cut away beneath the
coal depends upon the size of the niner being usually from fourteen to eighteen
inclics in height at the face and diminishing in height towards the rear the depth
of the cut being usually from three to four feet. The coal thus cut away is broken
up and rendered unsaleable producing a large amount of waste and rendering it
necessary that all the coal shall be passed over a screen to separate it from said
waste. The position of the miner is such that it takes men skilled in the business
to accomplish the work successfully and often while the miner is lying beneath the
breast of coal it falls upon him with serious and frequently fatal results.
many cases too, the mines are wet and the workmen are obliged to lie upon the
damp floor or in water which is a frequent source of disease-The above reasons
make it necessary to pay miners high wages and render the mining of coal very
expensive
In
The objects of the Invention are to permit the use of unskilled labor to enable
the workmen to undermine the coal with much greater rapidity than by the means
now employed and to reduce the waste of coal by lessening the size of the channels
cut therein.
In this method of taking down coal an auger mounted upon a frame is first
placed at one side of the face to be undermined and bore a hole to the proper depth
into the face of the vein-The auger is then withdrawn and a guide is placed for
a chisel or cutting tool in front of the hole and securing it in its place. A chisel
is then inserted into the guide for the special purpose of enlarging the auger hole
at the bottom and cutting the same downward level with the floor of the shaft.
The chisel is forced inward by the ram to the end of the hole bored. It is then
withdrawn and the hole cleaned out the hole being left in an enlarged form and
flat upon the bottom. The guide for the chisel is then moved laterally preparatory
to another cut being made. The chisel for undermining is then inserted and forced
inward in like manner to the end of the hole thus enlarging the hole laterally-
The chisel is then withdrawn the guide again moved laterally the chisel forced
inward as before and so on repeatedly succession of cuts being thus made and
the channel extended horizontally until the whole face to be thrown down is
undermined. When this is completed the chisel for cutting the vertical channels
is placed in position and the channels produced in like manner at the sides of the
coal.
After the completion of these vertical channels the coal is in condition to be
thrown down as usual.
The object of using the primary chisel for taking up the coal at the bottom of
the auger hole is to give room for making the first undermining cut and this course
of procedure is preferred. The hole may however be bored on a level with the
floor and the chisel inserted into the hole to cut outward therefrom.
In carrying out this method of operation the boring and channeling tools may
be of any suitable construction but it is preferred to make use of those illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
The basis of the Invention consists in the use of the primary hole in connection

page_text: with a reciprocating chisel or cutter which is found to be the only practicable
method for use in connection with tools operated by hand
Referring to the accompanying Drawings:-
1
Fig: 1. represents a longitudinal vertical section through the shaft of the coal
mine shewing the hole bored into the face of the coal as in the beginning of the
operation.
Fig 2. is a cross section of the same on the line X X looking against the breast
of coal and illustrating the location of the primary hole also by dotted lines the
position of the channels which are subsequently cut outward therefrom
:-
Fig 3 is an enlarged view illustrating the manner in which the primary hole is
first cut down or level with the bottom
:
Figs 4 and 5 are respectively a side elevation and a top plan view of the auger
or drill employed for forming the primary hole.
Figs: 6 and 7 are views looking against the rear and front ends of the same
respectively
Fig S is a cross section on the line y. y.
Figs: 9 and 10 are respectively a side elevation and a top plan view of the
machine for undermining the coal
Fig 11 is a rear elevation of the same
:
Fig 12 is a side elevation of the machine adapted for cutting vertical instead
of horizontal channels in the coal
Fig 13 is a rear elevation of the same
:
Figs 14 and 15 are respectively a top and an edge view of the tool employed
for making the first cut and enlarging the bottom of the primary hole
Fig 16 an enlarged view of the connection between the ram and chisel
Referring to the instrument employed for boring the hole it will be seen on
reference to Figs 4 to 8 to consist substantially of a horizontal base-board D
provided with bearings to sustain a horizontal drill or auger E the rear end of
which is provided with a threaded shank or screw spindle F which bears in a
separable threaded box G fixed upon the base so that as the drill is rotated it will
be gradually advanced by the screw in the coal-A guide a at the forward end of
the bar prevents the tool from springing laterally and a hand lever H mounted
upon the rear end of the threaded shank and provided with a pawl engaging in a
ratchet wheel upon the shank serves as a means by which the drill may be turned
by hand the operator standing or sitting meanwhile in an upright position. It is
preferred to provide the end of the drill with teeth or serrations. As beforo
stated this drill forins no part of the present Invention and is illustrated simply as
one means of carrying out the preliminary steps in this method of operation.
Passing now to the cutting or channeling tool illustrated in Figs :-9. 10. and 11
it will be seen to consist of a horizontal grooved guide bar I sustained at its ends
upon horizontal transverse bars J being secured in place thereon by pins as shown
or in any other suitable manner so that it may be shifted sidewise as the channel
beneath the coal is extended laterally. In the grooved guide bar I mount a
reciprocating chisel-bar K the forward end of which is armed with a cutter or
chisel L as shown the arrangement being such that the advance of the bar K will
project the chisel beyond the guide into the breast of coal
As a means of operating the reciprocating chisel or cutter there is mounted in
the guide bar behind the same a reciprocating hammer or ram provided with a
handle N by which the attendant standing at the rear of the apparatus may slide
the ram forward and backward. In order that the ram may strike the chisel and
drive the same forward it is permitted a limited sliding play or movement
independently of the chisel, so that it may require a proper momentum before
coming in contact with the latter. This last motion is also especially important in
that it enables the ram in receding to jar the chisel loose after each cut so that it
may be withdrawn readily and prevented from wedging fast.
In order to enable the ram in receding to withdraw the chisel any suitable

page_text: connection may be used between the two. This connection should be such as to
permit the lost motion between the parts and also of such character as to permit
the ram and chisel to be entirely and quickly disconnected at will. An excellent
form of connection is that represented in Figs :-9 and 10 consisting of a booked
arm O pivoted upon the rain and engaging with a shoulder on the end of the
chisel. The hook is of such form that when carried forward with the ram it will
automatically engage with the shoulder and form a connection between the parts.
It is made of such length that when engaged it will permit the ram to move
independently to a limited extent. In order to facilitate the unlocking of the
hook it is provided with an upright arm or handle. A spring is also applied as
shown to hold the hook down in place and prevent it from accidentally
unlocking.
The ram is provided as shown with a backwardly extending handle O preferably
pivoted thereto adapted to be grasped by the operator who is thereby enabled
while standing behind the machine to move the ram forward and backward upon
the guide bar.
As the ram is carried backward it moves away from the chisel a small distance
and acquires considerable momentum before the hook acts upon the chisel the
result being that the chisel is jarred or driven loose and all danger of its remaining
wedged fast avoided. In drawing the chisel forward the ram may be disconnected
after each blow or not as occasion requires the disconnection being made only
when the ram is to be carried back a long distance from the chisel preparatory to
striking a very violent blow.
The machine will be provided with two channeling chisel bars that shewn at L
being designed for forming the horizontal channel and that shown at P designed
for making the preliminary cut to enlarge the bottom of the hole-The channeling
chisel or cutter L, may be provided as shewn with a hinged lip or plate Q urged
outward by means of a spring applied in any suitable manner.
In operating the machine as described above the hole is first bored into the
breast of the coal as previously explained the base-board of the auger causing the
hole to he bored slightly above the bottom of the shaft. The channeling machine
is then placed in position upon the floor of the shaft or room with the chisel guide
in line with the hole. The chisel shewn at P Figs: 14 and 15 is then placed in
the guide and driven forward by means of the ram. The chisel is thereby driven
into the hole immediately beneath the coal, cutting the coal upward and delivering
the same into the hole which is thus enlarged and flattened on the bottom as
represented in Fig: 3. The chisel is then withdrawn the cutter P remoyed the
channeling tool L inserted in its place-The chisel is then driven inward making
a first channeling cut laterally and from the primary hole. After being withdrawn
the guide is moved laterally bringing the chisel in position for the next cut which
is made in the same manner as the first and so on repeatedly the guide being
shifted laterally after each cut of the chisel the effect of the successive cuts being
to extend the channel laterally and finally to undermine the entire breast of coal.
As the tool is carried inward the lip Q folds backward to pass the chips and slack
but as the tool is withdrawn the lip swings outward driving the slack before it
thus leaving the channel free from obstruction. The machine represented in
Figs 12 and 13 for cutting the channels vertically is of the same or substantially
the same construction as that shewn in Figs 9. 10. and 11 except that the guide
is applied to upright bars or supports instead of to horizontal supports these
uprights being sustained when in operation in any suitable manner at the side of
the shaft. The only essential difference between the two machines represented in
the Drawings consists in the fact that in the machine represented for the cutting of
vertical channels the ram and chisel bar are located against one side of the guides
and united thereto by a dovetailed connection as represented in Fig: 13.
If
desired the same inachine may be employed for cutting both the vertical and
horizontal channels but it is preferred to have two separate machines as shown.

page_text: In order to reduce the friction between the ram and the guides it is preferred to
mount the ram upon rollers or wheels which are seated in recesses in the sides of
the ram and connected by axles passing through the same as shown in Fig: 10
the wheels being arraned to travel upon the edge of the guides as shown.
By inserting the wheels within the sides of the ram in the manner shown and
securing them upon the axle allowing the latter to turn freely within the ram the
wheels and wearing surfaces are protected from the dust and dirt.
While it is preferred to adhere to the construction represented in the Drawings-
the details may be modified in form and arrangement to any extent desired, the
Invention as regards the cutting apparatus consisting broadly in the combination
of a chisel, a ram, a guide and a handle by which the rain is operated.
The connection between the rain and the chisel and other details may be
modified in many respects which will suggest themselves to the skilled mechanic
without essentially changing their mode of operation and without departing from
the limits of this Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Phillips Thompson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th July 1882.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON of the Agency for Foreign Patent Solicitors,
6 Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster and 323, High Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex; Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS OF
AND MACHINES FOR MINING COAL." A communication from abroad by John
Du Bois of the town of Du Bois, in the County of Clearfield, in the State of
Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America Gentleman.
The object of this Invention is to secure the cheap rapid and economical loosening
of coal from the vein.
The first part of the Invention relates to the method consisting in boring a hole
into the breast of the coal to the depth to which it is to be undermined and then
cutting from the hole outward by successive actions of a reciprocating chisel or
cutter a slot or channel extending beneath the coal, and also when required upward
past the sides of the same thereby loosening the body of the coal so that it may fall
or be forced down in the usual manner.
The second part of the Invention consists in a channelling tool consisting
essentially of a reciprocating chisel, a guide therefor, and a ram or hammer
provided with means whereby it may be moved forward and backward by hand.
This part of the Invention also relates to minor features of construction which will
be hereinafter described in detail.
In the ordinary method of taking down coal, a horizontal shaft or opening known
at the beginning as an entry, is carried into the vein of coal and lateral branches or
openings known as "rooms" extended therefrom to follow the course of the vein. The
coal at the end of the rooms is repeatedly undermined and permitted to fall or be
forced down in large blocks or masses of the size of the end of the room. This
undermining is almost universally carried on by hand, the miner lying upon the
floor on his side or back and cutting beneath the coal with a band pick. In order
to undermine the coal sufficiently to get it down in marketable condition the miner
is obliged to cut beneath the same to a sufficient extent to give room for him to lie
thereunder on his side in order that he may cut sufficiently deep for the coal to
break down to advantage. The space to be cut away beneath the coal depends
upon the size of the miner being usually from 14 to 18 inches in height at the face
and diminishing in height towards the rear the depth of the cut being usually from
three to four feet. The coal thus cut away is broken up and rendered unsaleable
producing a large amount of waste and rendering it necessary that all the coal shall
be passed over a screen to separate it from said waste. The position of the miner
is such that it takes men skilled in the business to accomplish the work successfully
and often while the miner is lying beneath the breast of coal it falls upon him with
serious and frequently fatal results. In many cases too the mines are wet and the
workmen are obliged to lie upon the damp floor or in water which is a frequent
source of disease. The above reasons make it necessary to pay miners high wages
and render the mining of coal very expensive.
The objects of the Invention are to permit the use of unskilled labor to enable
the workmen to undermine the coal with much greater rapidity than by the means
now employed and to reduce the waste of coal by lessening the size of the channels
cut therein.
In this method of taking down coal I first place an auger mounted upon a frame
at one side of the face to be undermined and bore a hole to the proper depth into
the face of the vein.

page_text: I then withdraw the auger and place the guide for my chisel or cutting tool in
front of the hole and secure it in place. I then insert a chisel into the guide for the
special purpose of enlarging the augur hole at the bottom and cutting the same
downward level with the floor of the shaft. The chisel is forced inward by the
ram to the end of the hole bored. It is then withdrawn and the hole cleaned out,
the hole being left in an enlarged form and flat upon the bottom. The guide for
the chisel is then moved laterally preparatory to another cut being made. The
elisel for undermining is then inserted and forced inward in like manner to the end
of the hole thus enlargening the hole laterally. The chisel is then withdrawn, the
guido again moved laterally the chisel forced inward as before and so on repeatedly
a succession of cuts being thus made and the channel extended horizontally until
the whole face to be thrown down is undermined. When this is completed the
chisel for cutting the vertical channels is placed in position and the channels
produced in like manner at the sides of the coal. After the completion of these
vertical channels the coal is in condition to be thrown down as usual. The object
of using the primary chisel for taking up the coal at the bottom of the auger hole
is to give room for making the first undermining cut and this course of procedure
is preferred. The hole may however be bored on a level with the floor and the chisel
inserted into the hole to cut outward therefrom.
In carrying out the method of operation the boring and channelling tools may be
of any suitable construction but I prefer to make use of those illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings
The basis of the Invention consists in the use of the primary hole in connection
with a reciprocating chisel or cutter which I find to be the only practicable method
for use in connection with tools operated by hand.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings:-
Fig: 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section through the shaft of the coal
mine showing the hole bored into the face of the coal as in the beginning of my
operation.
tho
Fig 2 is a cross-section of the same on the line X X looking against the breast
of coal and illustrating the location of the primary hole, also by dotted lines
position of the channels which are subsequently cut outward therefrom
Fig 3 is an enlarged view illustrating the manner in which the primary hole is
first cut down or level with the bottom.
:
Figs 4 and 5 are respectively a side elevation and a top plan view of the auger
or drill employed for forming the primary hole.
Figs: 6 and 7 are views looking against the rear and front ends of the same
respectively
Fig: 8 is a cross-section on the line y. y.
Figs: 9 and 10 are respectively a side elevation and a top plan view of the
machine for undermining the coal.
Fig: 11 is a rear elevation of the same.
Fig: 12, is a side elevation of the machine adapted for cutting vertical instead of
horizontal channels in the coal.
Fig 13 is a rear end elevation of the same.
Figs: 14 and 15 are respectively a top and an edge view of the tool employed for
inaking the first cut and enlarging the bottom of the primary hole.
Fig 16 is an enlarged view of the connection between the ram and the chisel.
Referring to the instrument employed for boring the hole it will be seen on
reference to Figs: 4 to 8 to consist substantially of a horizontal base-board D
provided with bearings to sustain a horizontal drill or auger E the rear end of
which is provided with a threaded shank or screw spindle F which bears in a
separable threaded box G fixed upon the base so that as the drill is rotated it will
be gradually advanced by the screw into the coal, A guide a, at the forward end of
the bar prevents the tool from springing laterally and a hand lever H mounted
upon the rear end of the threaded shank and provided with a pawl engaging in a
ratchet wheel upon the shank serves as a means by which the drill may be turned

page_text: by hand the operator standing or sitting meanwhile in an upright position. It is
preferred to provide the end of the drill with teeth or serrations. As before
stated this drill forms no part of the present Invention and is illustrated.
simply as one means of carrying out the preliminary steps in this method of
operation.
Passing now to the cutting or channelling tool illustrated in Figs: 9 10 and 11
it will be seen to consist of a horizontal grooved guide bar I sustained at its ends
upon horizontal transverse bars J, being secured in place thereon by pins as shown
or in any other suitable manner so that it may be shifted sidewise as the channel
beneath the coal is extended laterally. In the grooved guide bar I mount a
reciprocating chisel-bar K the forward end of which is armed with a cutter or
chisel L as shown the arrangement being such that the advance of the bar K will
project the chisel beyond the guide into the breast of coal
As a means of operating the reciprocating chisel or cutter I mount in the guide
bar behind the same a reciprocating hammer or ram provided with a handle N by
which the attendant standing at the rear of the apparatus may slide the ram
forward and backward-In order that the ram may strike the chisel and drive
the same forward it is permitted a limited sliding play or movement independently
of the chisel so that it inay acquire a proper momentum before coming in contact
with the latter. This last motion is also especially important in that it enables
the ram in receding to jar the chisel loose after each cut so that it may be
withdrawn readily and prevented from wedging fast. In order to enable the ram
in receding to withdraw the chisel any suitable connection may be used between
the two This connection should be such as to permit the lost motion between the
parts and also of such a character as to permit the ram and chisel to be entirely
and quickly disconnected at will.
An excellent form of connection is that represented in Figs: 9 and 10 consisting
of a hooked arm O pivoted upon the ram and engaging with a shoulder on the end
of the chisel. The hook is of such form that when carried forward with the ram
it will automatically engage with the shoulder and form a connection between the
parts. It is made of such length that when engaged it will permit the ram to
move independently to a limited extent. In order to facilitate the unlocking of
the hook it is provided with an upright arm or handle. A spring is also applied
as shown to hold the hook down in place and prevent it from accidentally unlocking.
The ram is provided as shewn with a backwardly extending handle O preferably
pivoted thereto adapted to be grasped by the operator who is thereby enabled
while standing behind the machine to move the ram forward and backward upon
the guide bar.
As the ram is carried backward it moves away from the chisel a small distance
and acquires considerable momentuin before the hook acts upon the chisel the
result being that the chisel is jarred or driven loose and all danger of its remaining
wedged fast avoided. In driving the chisel forward the ram may be disconnected
after each blow or not as occasion requires the disconnection being made only
when the ram is to be carried back a long distance froin the chisel preparatory to
striking a very violent blow.
The
The machine will be provided with two channelling chisel bars that shown at I
being designed for forming the horizontal channel and that shewn at P designed
for making the preliminary cut to enlarge the bottom of the hole.
channelling chisel or cutter L may be provided as shewn with a hinged lip or
plate Q urged outward by means of a spring applied in any suitable manner
In operating the machine as described above the hole is first bored into the
breast of the coal as previously explained, the base-board of the auger causing tho
hole to be bored slightly above the bottom of the shaft. The channelling machine
is then placed in position upon the floor of the shaft or room with the chisel guide
in line with the hole. The chisel shewn at P, Figs: 14 and 15 is then placed in
the guide and driven forward by means of the ram. The chisel is thereby driven
into the hole immediately beneath the coal cutting the coal upward and delivering

page_text: the same into the hole which is thus enlarged and flattened on the bottom as
represented in Fig: 3. The chisel is then withdrawn the cutter P removed the
channelling tool L inserted in its place. The chisel is then driven inward making
a first channelling cut laterally and from the primary hole. After being withdrawn
the guide is moved laterally bringing the chisel in position for the next cut which
is made in the same manner as the first and so on repeatedly the guide being
shifted laterally after each cut of the chisel the effect of the successive cuts being
to extend the channel laterally and finally to undermine the entire breast of conl.
As the tool is carried inward the lip Q folds backward to pass the chips and slack
but as the tool is withdrawn the lip swings outward driving the slack before it
thus leaving the channel free from obstruction. The machine represented in Figs :-
12 and 13 for cutting the channels vertically is of the same or substantially the
same construction as that shewn in Figs: 9, 10, and 11 except that the guide is
applied to upright bars or supports instead of to horizontal supports, these uprights
being sustained when in operation in any suitable manner at the side of the
shaft.
The only essential difference between the two machines represented in the
Drawings consists in the fact that in the machine represented for the cutting of
vertical channels the ram and chisel bar are located against one side of the guides
and united thereto by a dovetailed connection as represented in Fig: 13. If desired
the same machine may be employed for cutting both the vertical and horizontal
channels but it is preferred to have two separate machines as shown.
In order to reduce the friction between the ram and its guides I prefer to mount
the ram upon rollers or wheels which are seated in recesses in the sides of the ram
and connected by axles passing through the same as shewn in Fig: 10 the wheels
being arranged to travel upon the edge of the guides as shown.
By inserting the wheels within the sides of the ram in the manner shown and
securing them upon the axle allowing the latter to turn freely within the ram the
wheels and wearing surfaces are protected from the dust and dirt.
While it is preferred to adhere to the construction represented in the Drawings
the details may be modified in form and arrangement to any extent desired the
Invention as regards the cutting apparatus consisting broadly in the combination
of a chisel a ram a guide and a handle by which the ram is operated.
The connection between the rain and the chisel and other details may be modified
in many respects which will suggest themselves to the skilled mechanic without
essentially changing their mode of operation and without departing from the limits
of my Invention.
Having thus described the Invention and the best mode known to me of carrying
it into effect what I claim is ;-
1st The method of undermining coal consisting in first boring a hole to the full
depth and subsequently extending a channel laterally from said hole by a succession
of rectilinear cuts as described.
2nd As an improvement in the art of undermining coal first sinking a hole to
the depth to which it is to be undermined and afterward extending a channel from
said hole by a succession of straight cuts in lines parallel or substantially parallel
therewith.
3rd The improvement in the art of mining coal consisting in first boring a hole
in the face of the coal and subsequently extending a channel laterally therefrom
by a succession of cuts in line therewith the first cut being adjacent to the hole and
the others progressing successively therefrom as the channel is advanced.
4th In a manual tool for mining coal the combination of a guide a reciprocating
chisel and a ram for operating the chisel substanstantially as described.
5th The combination of a guide, a sliding chisel a sliding ram and a handle for
operating the ram extending backward therefrom.
6th The combination in a hand coal mining machine of an adjustable guide a
sliding chisel adapted for projection beyond the guide a weight at the rear of the
chisel and a handle or equivalent device for operating the chisel.

page_text: 7th The combination in a hand mining machine of a sliding chisel a sliding ram
a device connecting said parts but permitting a limited independent motion and an
operating handle substantially as shown.
8th In combination with the sliding chisel and ram the connecting device
adapted to engage automatically.
9th In a hand inachine for mining coal the combination of a sliding chisel a
sliding ram and a connecting device which permits the ram to recede from the
chisel before acting to withdraw the same whereby the chisel is jarred or driven
out of the coal.
10th The combination of the guide the chisel the ram and its handle and the
spring hook or catch.
11th The combination of the guide the ram and the supporting wheels recessed
within the ram as shown.
12th In combination with the reciprocating chisel the folding clearer attached
thereto substantially as described and shown.
13th. The combination of the guide the ram the chisel and a readily detachable
connection between the guide and chisel.
In witness whereof I the said William Phillips Thompson have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Third day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two,
TIM T MODCOV
P. THO
PSON. (S.)