IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS, AND IN APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CON- NECTED WITH VENTILATION
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Paton Buchan, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Sanitary Engineer and Plumber, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS, AND IN APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CON-
NECTED WITH VENTILATION."
Sealed the 29th October 1878, and dated the 9th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Paton Buchan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1878.
WILLIAM PATON BUCHAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Sanitary Engineer and Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS. IN VENTILATORS, AND
APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CONNECTED WITH VENTILATION."
IN
This Invention has reference to ventilating the interiors of houses or buildings,
and other chambers or apartments, chinneys, shafts, and drain, soil, or sewer pipes,
and to special new or improved hoods and fittings connected therewith and with
the drain or sewer pipes, which will improve the ventilation of these and of houses
generally being also to some extent improvements upon my former patented
Invention, No. 2102, dated the 30th day of May 1877.
The nature and novelty of the Invention consists, first, in the new or improved
construction of what I term a "compound" or "combination ventilator" or
ventilating cowl, the first and main improvement of which consists in the use of a
stationary or fixed ventilating cowl A, such as any of the improved constructions
of these shown and described in reference to Figures 6 to 12 inclusive of the
Specification and Drawings of my said former Patent; or it might be of any of the
other forms of fixed ventilating cowls now in use; or the common top or tubes
with covers for preventing down draughts or the admission of rain, combined with
a revolving blow-down ventilating cowl B, equivalent to that shown and described
in reference to Figure 5 of the said former Specification and Patent, with glycerine
or liquid joint mounted above the fixed cowl, preferably revolving on a spindle
projecting up through it, secured in the centre of the fixed cowl; or it might be

page_text: with other forms of revolving or fixed cowls for producing down draught, in either
case having a small pipe conveying the down draught of the outer air down
through the centre of the fixed cowl and a portion of its shaft below, and having
its lower end inserted into an inverted hollow annular cone or cup, so as to direct
or deflect this down draught in an annular stream back up the main shaft, and so
by its lateral action or induction act on and assist the up and outward draught of
the foul air through the main ventilating shaft from the house or room, out through
the suction discharge stationary cowl A; thus by the combined action of a blowing
and suction cowl, effecting a better ventilation, as before stated, all as shown in
vertical and horizontal sections, in Figures 1 and 2.
Another simple modification of this "combination ventilator" consists of a
cylindrical suction or uptake cowl A, secured to the top of the large uptake pipe or
duct for leading the foul air up to it, and with vertical sections or segments of the
case of the hood, made of perforated sheet metal (as mentioned at lines 35 and 36
of page 2 of the Patent Office printed copy of the Specification of my said former
Patent), with flat or curved baffle or deflecting plates placed tangentially in front
of the perforated parts, to cause the outer air currents to pass across the faces of
the perforated plates, and induce or produce the outward ventilating current,
combined with a corresponding construction of perforated blow-down cowl B',
fitted to the top of the central tube above the discharge cowl, vertical radial vanes
being fitted in the centre of the perforated sections of this upper blow-down cowl
(instead of or in addition to the tangential baffle plates), to deflect the outer air in
through the perforations, and down the central tube before mentioned, the lower
end of this inner tube being carried down the centre of the discharge or uptake
tube or shaft as far as convenient, to near its inlet end, where the return or reversing
aunular cup, tube, or nozzle is fitted to deflect the down current back, up the
ventilating tube, to act on and insure the upward flow of the foul air, as shown in.
the vertical and two horizontal sections, Figures 3, 4, and 5.
By another arrangement, instead of using a blow-down cowl and central tube,
the lower inlet end of the uptake shaft near the roof or ceiling of the apartment is
closed in by a short central tube or nozzle, which admits the foul gases up the
outlet shaft or cowl, while the outer air, in this case, is admitted by a tube or
tubes, as between the joists, from any side or sides of the house, so as to be
deflected by the short central tube up the out-take shaft, and act on and assist the
outflow of the foul air; each tube being fitted with a valve which would open on
the side from which the wind is blowing, and close by its own weight when not
forced open by the outer air, as on the sides or directions from which the wind is
not blowing. When these valves are not used, a double or reverse cone may be
fitted some little distance above the short central inlet tube, to allow the free uptake
of the foul air, and at the same time prevent a blow down by deflecting the down
current out through the said lateral inlet tubes, as shown in the vertical section of
this combined arrangement, Figure 6.
Figure 7 shows a section of the central part of the roof of a room, below the end
of the outlet ventilating shaft, as fitted with my improvements for drawing off the
foul air or gases from each light of a gasalier or other lights of a room, by a hollow
conical cup or reflector and small central outlet tube from each led up into the
ventilating shaft above the ceiling.
Another improvement, shown in section in Figure 8, consists in an improved
manner of admitting fresh air to rooms from the outside by a pipe or pipes above
the ceilings into a close annular chamber fitted round the inlet end of any of the
outlet shafts leading to the ventilating cowls; the lower part of this annular
chamber being made to project through and below the ceiling a short distance, and
open or perforated all round the sides, with an annular disc below the end, so that
the fresh air admitted by the pipes into the chamber is blown or directed out
through the opening or perforations all round, close to the ceiling, and is thus spread
throughout the room.
Figures 9 and 10 show two modifications of an improved manner of admitting

page_text: fresh air from the outside of the house by tubes admitted through the walls of the
house, either above the ceiling, as in Figure 9; or below it, as in Figure 10, with
the inner end or nose of the pipe bent down into a cup-shaped nozzle, which
deflects the air upwards to the ceiling, so as to disperse it through the room, and
prevent draughts; the outer end of the hole in the wall or tube being fitted with
a grating to prevent the admission of rain, or birds, or foreign matter.
Figure 11 shows an improved shape or construction of expanding trumpet-shaped
discharge pipe, for fitting on to the outer ends of ventilating shafts above the roofs
of houses, with a conical cap or a disc to prevent down draughts or the admission of
rain; this improved expanding top is for being used instead of a cowl, in some
cases for assisting the outer discharge of the foul air, and insuring the better
ventilation of houses or drains.
The arrows indicate the inward and outward currents of the fresh or foul air in
the several Figures and parts thereof respectively of these improved ventilators
and ventilating fittings shown in the accompanying Drawings.
A further improvement, shown in sectional elevation. in Figure 12, consists in
fitting over the cleaning faucets, or inlet and outlet chambers or bends, of the
syphon traps of soil or drain pipes suitable lengths of fire-clay or other pipe as will
reach to the level of the ground, where the former is fitted with a grating to
admit down a current of the outer air to pass back the drain, up a ventilating
pipe to above the roof of the house, and also in closing in the latter pipe and
chamber by an outer iron plate at the level of the ground, with an inner fire-clay
or other lid jointed air-tight; said latter length or lengths of pipe when desired
being formed with a lateral faucet or faucets, capable of being fitted at any desired
height, and turned to any side or angle to suit a branch or branches and pipe or
pipes below the surface of the ground, to be led up to the top of the house or other
convenient situation, to draw off the sewer or drain gases from the outer branch of
the trap, and which may also, in certain cases, lead off rain or waste water, all as
shown and indicated by the arrows in this Figure.
D
Figure 13 shows a new or improved inverted conical or convex top or cap for
fitting over the open discharge end of the ventilating funnels or shafts of drain
and soil pipes, for assisting the discharge of the foul gases therefrom, where the
admission of a little rain past the cap is not detrimental.
or
Referring again to Figure 6, where the ventilation or upward current is produced
in the main outlet shaft by a lateral pipe or pipes, led into a short annular uptake
branch (instead of from a revolving or fixed blow-down cowl above the discharge
cowl, with central blow-down tube, as in Figures 1.-to-5); -it-is to be understood
that these lateral pipes-and-uptake branch may be fitted in any part of the uptake
shaft, and lead the outer air from any revolving or fixed blow-down cowl
trumpet-shaped inlet mouth-piece placed at any convenient part of the roof or
other part of the house, and that the end of the pipe may be led into a short central
branch directed upwards, as seen in Figure 6 A.; and, further, that when an
expanding inlet mouth-piece is used on the revolving or stationary inlet pipe
laterally, it may, when desired, have an outer conical nozzle or short tube, fitted so
as to project outside, as shown in this latter Figure, also for assisting the inward
current.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Paton Buchan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
January 1879.
WILLIAM PATON BUCHAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Sanitary Engineer and Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS, AND IN
APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CONNECTED WITH VENTILATION."
My said Invention has reference to ventilating the interiors of houses or buildings
and other chambers or apartments, chimneys, shafts, and drain, soil, or sewer pipes,
and to special new or improved hoods and fittings connected therewith, and with
the drain or sewer pipes, which will improve the ventilation of these and of houses
generally, being also to some extent improvements upon my former patented In-
vention, No. 2102, dated the 30th day of May 1877.
And in order that the nature and novelty of my said Invention may be properly
understood, and that the best modes and means of putting the same into effect or
practice which I am at present aware of, embodying the experience I have gained
during the Provisional Protection may also be known, I shall now proceed to
describe the several Figures on the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, which
I have hereunto appended for that purpose, the same reference letters and numerals,
as far as possible, indicating the same or like parts in all the Figures.
"
Referring to the vertical sections, Figures 1 to 5 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying
Drawings, the first part of my said Invention consists in a new or improved con-
or ventilating
struction of what I term a "compound" or "combination ventilator
cowl A, B, the main improvement of which consists in the use of a stationary or
fixed ventilating or uptake cowl A (mounted on the top of its large uptake pipe or
shaft a), such as any of the improved constructions of cowls, shown and described
in reference to Figures 6 to 12 inclusive of the Specification and Drawings of my
said former Patent, or that shown at A in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5 of the Sheet of
* Drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, or it might be of any of the
other forms of fixed ventilating or uptake cowls now in use, or the common parallel
top or tube with a conical cover, shown in Figure 6 of the Provisional Drawings,
for preventing down draughts or the admission of rain, and insuring an uptake
current in the pipe a, combined with a revolving blow-down ventilating cowl B
mounted above the fixed cowl A, as shown in Figures and 2, and equivalent to
that shown and described in reference to Figure 5 of the Drawings of the Speci-
fication of my said former Patent, with a glycerine or other liquid joint at J. This.
upper cowl B, J, preferably revolves on a spindle J¹ projecting up through it,
secured in the centre tube b projecting up through the fixed cowl A; or it might
be with other forms of revolving or of fixed cowls, as B¹ in Figure 3 in either case
for producing or conveying a down draught therefrom of the outer air by the small
pipe b down through the centre of the fixed cowl A, and a portion of its uptake
pipe or shaft a below. The lower end of the pipe b is inserted some distance into
an inverted hollow annular cone or cup b¹, so as to direct or deflect this down
draught of air in it in an annular stream or jet back up the main shaft a, and so by
its lateral action or induction act on and assist the up and outward draught or
current of the foul air through the main ventilating shaft or pipe a from the house
or room z, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, out through the suction or discharge
stationary cowl A, all as indicated by the arrows in the Figures 1 and 2, thus by
the combined action of a blowing and suction cowl A, B, or A, B1, effecting a better
and more certain outward ventilation than has been possible with ordinary single
cowls as heretofore constructed.
A simple modification or construction of this combination ventilator (A, B¹,
Figure 3) consists in forming the cowl A of a cylindrical transverse section, as
seen in Figure 4, taken on the lines 1 - - - 1 in these Figures, secured to the top
of the large uptake pipe or duct a for leading the foul air up to it, and with vertical

page_text: sections or segments A' of the inner case of the hood A made of perforated sheet
metal (as mentioned at lines 35 and 36 of page 2 of the Patent Office printed copy
of the Specification of my said former Patent), with curved or nearly flat baffle or
deflecting plates A" placed tangentially in front of the perforated parts A', as seen
in the transverse sections, Figures 4 and 4 A, to cause the outer air currents to
pass tangentially through the spaces between these, and across the faces of the
perforated plates A¹, and so induce or produce the outward ventilating current
through the holes, or it might be with triangular or V shaped vertical bars A¹!!
instead of the perforated plates, as shewn in the transverse section, Figure 4 B, and
combined in the Figure with a corresponding construction of perforated blow-
down cowl B' fitted at the top of the central tube b above the discharge cowl A,
but with vertical radial vanes B" fitted in the centre of the perforated segments (A')
of this upper blow-down cowl, as seen in the transverse section, Figure 5, taken on
the line 2-2, Figure 3 (instead of or in addition to the tangential baffle plates A¹¹,
Figure 4) to deflect the outer air in through the perforations and down the central
tube before mentioned, the lower end of this inner tube being carried down the
centre of the discharge or uptake tube or shaft a, as found desirable, and where the
return or reversing annular cup tube or nozzle b¹ is fitted at it lower end to deflect
the down current back up the ventilating tube a to act on and insure the upward
flow of the foul air therein, all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3, and as before
described in reference to Figure 1, and the end of the tube b may be contracted
as shown, or the outer pipe a may be made larger to give greater area for the air
currents passing the cup b' when desired.
'
The swivelling hoods B in Figures 1 and 2 are fitted with arrow vanes B above
to insure their turning with their wide inlet mouth to the wind, and are formed
with their upper cross channel right through, and fitted with a lid B2 on their back
end when acting as blow-down cowls, but so that when these ends B2 are removed
they can act as uptake cowls, and so draw the foul air up the tube b also, and force
it out through the open back end at B2 of the hood B, assisted by the lateral action
of the air passing through the cross tube B, B2, and outside the inner tube b² fitted
on the top of the pipe 6 within the hood B in Figure 1, and fitted with a conical
end b in front, and an exit space behind it to prevent back draught down the
tube b.
In Figures 1 and 3 the uptake pipe or shaft a is shown as broken away to take
up less room in the sheet, but it will be understood they may be led or communicate
either direct or by branches from any chamber or part of a building, soil, drain, or
sewer pipe, or other place to be ventilated. This uptake shaft or duct_a_in Figure 2--
is shown as led direct up.from-and-opening into the ceiling of any room or chainber z
of a house, where it may be surrounded or covered in by an ornamental and
perforated centre, which would allow of the free outlet of the vitiated air at C
through the top of the apartment; and in this Figure the internal down-draught
pipe b is carried down to near the lower end of its surrounding pipe a some distance
above the ceiling, where it branches out through this by two (or it might be more
or fewer) lateral branches into an outer annular chamber c led' down through the
ceiling into thin broad ducts or an annular opening at cl close to the ceiling 2, so as
to deflect and diffuse it through the apartment, all as indicated by the arrows at the
lower part of Figure 2.
A throttle valve D is fitted in any part of the pipe so as to regulate the
admission either automatically by a balanced lever D', or it might be actuated and
set to any desired position by a cord or wire led down to the apartment for that
purpose.
A
To prevent rain or moisture from without blowing through the cowl A. down the
pipe a into the house, I project the upper end of this pipe some distance above the
bottom surface of the cowl A at A, which may be bevelled downwards to cause
the rain to run outwards; and, as I have observed, a quantity of condensed vapour
or water is deposited from the outflowing vitiated air on the inner surface of the
uptake shaft a, near the bottom thereof, I form a narrow. annular pocket or case a

page_text: all round the outside to receive and trap this condensed vapour as it trickles down;
and if required a tube, plug, or trap a¹ is fitted at the lower part of it for drawing
off the water from time to time to any convenient place, or into a flat basin for
evaporation, as found desirable, and the lower end of the inner tube b when used may
have a pipe or tap or other equivalent for carrying off any condensed vapour at bx.
Figure 2 A shows two slightly different modifications or constructions of this
lower part of the outlet and inlet air ventilating tubes a, b, as fitted near the
ceiling of an apartment having the outlet orifices c¹, c¹¹ a little below the ceiling,
the one c¹ projecting the current of fresh air up towards the ceiling through annular
openings c¹, so as to be deflected and diffused down off it again through the apart-
ment, and the other c" directing it more along the surface of the ceiling, also
through annular openings, preferably contracted at the outlet to give it force, but
otherwise much similar to that shown in Figure 2.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 show sectional elevations of different modifications in the
details of construction of my said revolving ventilating cowl A with air-tight
liquid joint J from that described in reference to and shown in Figure 4 of the
Drawings of my said former Patent, or in Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 1 of the
accompanying Drawings, for producing uptake or outward discharge ventilation;
and that shown in Figure 6 has the discharge end B2 of the hood curved upwards,
and preferably widening outwards so as to discharge freely in that upward direction.
A light hinged or other equivalent balanced or free-acting valve at 61 is shown as
fitted at the front end of the internal cross tube 62 on the top of the uptake tubera
(or b in Figures 1 and 2, and instead of the cone 6¹¹) to prevent the acting current
passing forward through the top 2, but allow it to pass backwards when a blown-
down draught takes place, so as to prevent this going down the uptake pipe a.
Figures 7 and 7 A have a perforated or wire gauze cover b³, or a blind end fitted
on the back b of the cross tube 62 to prevent back draught or the passage of dust
with the air, while its front end is not contracted at the opening behind the conical
front guard 6, and when thus made the same size as the guard 6" an angled ring
or rim may be left all round its back edge at 14 in Figure 7 A to deflect and prevent
the outer current of air in either direction entering the opening behind the guard b¹¹.
In Figure 8 the conical end 611 is shown close to or attached to the front end of the
internal cross tube 62, but the back part of this is shown perforated with small holes
as well as the back end 63 which is made in the form of a conical rose, all for the
free emission of the foul air or noxious gases through these small holes by the
induced action of the outer air blowing past them within the outer swivelling
top B.
Figure 9 shows a sectional elevation of a revolving induction cowl or hood B
with inlet orifice Bill entering the neck below the outlet or discharge expanding
bend B3 on top, equivalent to that patented by E. T. Noualhier, No. 866, and dated
26th March 1862, but shown as fitted with my fluid-tight joint J on the pipe a at
the lower end of the hood or top B below the inlet and outlet ducts B1, B³, so as
to make this a more complete ventilator or cowl by insuring a greater suction in
the uptake pipe (t.
Figure 9 shows a vertical section of a ventilating cowl B slightly modified
from that shown in Figure 9, having a straight or vertical expanding discharge
pipe and orifice B with a conical weather guard B³ mounted on top to allow of the
free outlet ventilation, and yet prevent back draughts or the admission of rain or
snow down the pipes B, a, this cowl being fitted with a vane B behind for the
purpose of keeping the inlet orifice B¹¹ to the wind.
+
When the top end of the uptake shaft or pipe a is led up into and fitted with a
fixed or stationary hood A (without an internal tube b), as seen in the vertical
sections, Figures 10 and 11, the top end of the pipe a may be bevelled to one or
both sides, and fitted with one or two light flap valves d or other equivalent easily
opened and closed, but with a stop hinge or arm, and counterbalanced so as to act
automatically and open with the slightest draught upwards, and close when that
ceases, or with the least back draught,

page_text: Figures 12, 13, and 14 show vertical sections of slightly different arrangements
of this single automatically acting discharge valve d from that shown in Figure 10
fitted to an expanding discharge orifice a²; and Figure 15 shows two valves d (as
in Figure 11), but closing on the side of a V shaped end orifice, and opening up
against a stop d¹ between them.
Figure 16 shows the discharge end of the pipe or shaft a projecting some con-
siderable distance up with the openings forined on two or more of its sides and top
ends bevelled, as shown, and fitted with single or duplex hinged light flap
closing lids d², or it might be a flexible fabric, which would close on the side from
which the wind or outer air is blowing, and open on the other side by the joint
action of the outer air and the upward flowing current, and all close when there
was no outflow with the slightest blow down; and this construction and valve
arrangement might be either fitted within a stationary uptake cowl A (as at
Figures 10 and 11) or made to act as an uptake or blow-down preventing cowl
itself.
When these valves d are fitted within stationary cowls A it is preferred to fit
these tops A portably to lift off or hinge when requiring to be opened up for
inspection or repairing the valves or their fittings, a spring or other catch securing
the lid when replaced to prevent its being blown off; and these stationary uptake
cowls A may be made nearly cylindrical or circular, as shown in the horizontal
sectious, Figures 4, 4, and 48, or square, as shewn in Figure 40, or of other
polygonal form, as lozenge or diamond shaped, as shown in Figures 17 or 18, which
are modifications of the uptake cowl described in reference to and shown in
Figure 10 of the Specification and Drawings of my said formner Patent, with a
triangular or V shaped vertical rail or band of perforated sheet metal in the middle
outlet openings of the inner case instead of the lozenge bar k, shown in the Drawings
of my former Patent.
Figures 19 and 20 show a vertical elevation and a horizontal section taken on
the line 1--1 in the former Figure of a stationary ventilating uptake cowl A
and its uptake shaft or duct a, both divided up the centre with vertical transverse
webs or vanes e, so as to divide these into two, three, four, or other number of
isolated ducts e' the whole way up, and lead any corresponding number of branch
pipes or tubes, as ell, into these, as say from different apartments to be ventilated,
or from different gaslights of a room or of a gaselier to convey the hot vitiated
gases therefrom.
Figures 21 and 22 are a vertical section and a plan respectively of a construction
of fixed uptake cowl or ventilator suitable-for-being made of wood or sheet
metal for large sizes with vertical augled or louver boards f instead of horizontal,
as heretofore, across the two open sides, with the boards angled towards each other
from each close end F¹, and a triangular or V shaped board or bar in the centre
space, and with curved or straight baffle boards F" across the front of and some
little distance out from the face of the louver boards f, all so as to insure the out-
flow and ventilation of the vitiated air up the centre shaft a by the out air passing
the end openings for through these and the spaces between the louver boards f,
and the outer guard or baffle boards F, all as indicated by the arrows in these
Figures.
By another arrangement (instead of using a blow-down cowl B and central
tube b, as shown in Figures 1 and 2) for assisting the uptake of the vitiated gases
in the shaft a a lower part g, or it might be the lower inlet end of the uptake
shaft a, near the ceiling z of the apartment, as shown in Figure 10, may be closed
in at g' round a central inlet or uptake tube or nozzle (as C) of the uptake pipe a,
so as to form an annular chamber g all round this part C, which admits the foul
gases up to the outlet shaft a or cowl A, while the outer air in this arrangement is
admitted by the tube gl, or it might be tubes, as between the joints from any side
or sides of the house, so as to be forced into the annular space g all round the
central tube C, and be deflected up the uptake shaft a and act on and assist the

page_text: outflow of the foul air through the upper end of the tube C, each tube g¹¹ being
fitted with a valve 92, which would open on the side from which the wind is
blown, and close by its weight when not forced open by the outer air; or the air
may be forced into the tubes or ducts g" by any suitable air fanners or blowers
in use.
When these valves g² or the top valve d are not used or are kept open the
double or reverse dotted-in cone g may be fitted some little distance above the
top of the central inlet tube C to assist the free uptake of the foul air, and at
the same time prevent a blow-down by deflecting the down current out through
the said lateral inlot tubes g2, all as shown at the lower part of this arrangement in
Figure 10, a tap or plug g3 being fitted at the bottom of this chamber g to draw off
any condensed vapour or water which may collect there.
Figure 23 is a vertical section of an arrangement of uptake ventilating shaft a,
surmounted by a stationary uptake cowl A, but it might be with one of my
improved revolving uptake cowls B, with liquid, luted, air-tight joint J; herein-
before referred to, and directly led up from the centre opening C of the ceiling of a
room, over a raising and lowering gaselier H, with two, or it might be three, or
more gas-light branches H¹, with conducting tubes h over each light, and having
their upper ends led parallelly up into the lower wide part C of the uptake shaft a,
and secured to the stalk of the gaselier H above, so as to rise and fall with it, the
gas tube C¹ being led down through the centre C to the stalk of the gaselier.
The lower end of each tube h is formed with a small widening-out cone or
inverted filler h¹ over each gas-light and glass globe I formed with an improved
constracted or conoidal top i, to lead the vitiated hot gaseous products of combustion
from the gas-light up the tube h into the uptake shaft a, all as indicated by the
arrows in the Figure, and so as to cast as small a shadow upwards to the ceiling z
as possible.
Figure 24 shows a vertical section of an arrangement for ventilation over the
centre of a room gaselier H, much similar to that shown and described in reference
to Figure 23, except that the shaft a for drawing off the vitiated air and gases is.
led away from the central opening C, in a lateral direction close above the ceiling or
under the floor above, suitable for circumstances where it cannot be carried direct
up to the hood, to which it may be led up a side wall or otherwise, as found con-
venient; the upper parts of the tubes are here shown as working up through the
stationary conducting tubes h" projecting down below the ceiling z.
The opening C, which may also draw off the upper hot or bad air of the room,
may be fitted with an open or close lid C", with holes in it for the pipe h or h¹¹ to
pass through, and, if wished, with any sized opening or hole in the centre for
drawing off the air from the room, all as shown in the detached section.
Figure 26 shows a vertical section of an arrangement of ventilator for a rising
and lowering gaselier H, in which the ventilating tube h, h', from each light and
globe I, i, is carried straight up, and made to rise and lower freely within the
lower ends of the branch pipes el brought down vertically from the uptake shaft a
for that purpose, and for conveying the heated waste gases thereto, either isolated
by the ducts e and vanes e, as described in reference to Figures 19 and 20, or not,
as preferred; and the lower ends of these tubes e¹¹, where they pass through the
celling z, may be fitted with a hanging and isolating tube h¹¹ to prevent overheating
or the chance of igniting the adjacent woodwork. While for ventilating the
room, a tubo a² may be led up through the ceiling to the lower part of the same
uptake shaft a (which carries off the waste gases from the lights) and have a valve
fitted on its lower open end C² actuated by a cord or other equivalent, as desired,
all as dotted in in Figure 26; or, instead of this arrangement, the bad air of the
room may be drawn off by a separate shaft 3 with a cowl of its own above, and
have its lower open end brought flush with or a little below the ceiling, and fitted
with a flat and preferably ornamental valve C, preferably having cloth, india-
rubber, or other equivalent on its face to make an air-tight joint, or other equi-

page_text: valent, carried or raised and lowered by a hand chain or cord C³ to regulate the
outflow and proper ventilation of the apartment, all as indicated in dotted lines and
by the arrows in Figure 26, and shown to a large scale in Figure 27.
Figure 28 is a vertical section of a different arrangement for leading off the waste
gases from the different lights by the branches e", all connected to the small uptake
pipe elled up the centre of the main uptake pipe a which conveys away the hot
or vitiated air from the room by the open exit centre C in the ceiling z to the
stationary cowl A on top, which in this case has a separating division e³ some
distance from the top, and up to which division the internal pipe e is led to main-
tain the isolated system of conveying off the gases from the lights and from the
room separately, either or both of which ducts a or e¹ may be fitted with regulating
valves, as C at the lower end of the pipe a.
Figure 29 shows a vertical section of a simple arrangement of uptake shaft a
suited for ventilating the room by the open end C below, and for drawing off the
waste gases from a plain branch pendant H or fixed bracket lights H by con-
ducting the branch tubes e¹¹ from each globe I into the shaft a, either surmounted
by a conical protecting weather cap B5 or a cowl A, as in Figure 30, which shows a
method of casing-in and at the same time contracting the upper part of the hot-air
pipe a by an outer protecting pipe ax to prevent all risk of danger by the over-
heating of the pipes.
Figures 31 to 36 show sections of several modifications or constructions and
improved shapes of glass globes I, suited for my improved system of ventilating
gas-lights and rooms thereby; a very inlet cone hi is fitted on the lower end
of the conducting tube h to prevent the casting of large shadows; and Figures
34, 35, and 36, show ordinary forms of glass globes I, with new glass, opal, or
other conical chimneys I fitted over them, for conducting the gases to the lower
end h' of the tubes h, with various ways of securing these I' and ' suited for
stationary and movable tubes h1; but in Fig. 34 the chimney I' is set or retained
in position on the top of the globe I by an interior rim or other means, and
Figure 31 A shows a ventilating globe I, i, as arranged for a passage or outside gas
jet with a small ventilator or cap I", supported by a wire frame or other equivalent
from the globe I to insure ventilation, and prevent the wind or rain passing down
the funnel i of the globe I.
Figures 37 and 38 are a sectional elevation and a plan of a gallery or globe
holder I for carrying and securing these globes I, and made with a recess 12, or
other equivalent, to retain a glass disc or washer I in the centre, rather sinaller
in diameter than the bottom of the globe_to_leave a sufficient annular space 13 all
round to admit the air to the gas jet, and this disc or washer I may, when desired,
be made of obscured or coloured glass to soften the light.
When desired the uptake currents in their outflow ducts a may be assisted or
insured, either in conjunction with or without the use of the single or double cowls
herein-before referred to by currents of air or gases, or it might be steain, water,
or other fluid introduced by annular jets or cylindrical jets through lateral or other
branches led into the pipes a, as indicated at g, g¹¹, in Figures 10, 23, and 24, from
any ordinary blower or source of pressure.
Figures 39 and 40 show two arrangements in vertical section for conducting the
fresh air into houses and apartments thereof by a down-draught pipe b, b, with
regulating valves D, D', inside, surmounted on top above the roof of the house
by either a blow-down cowl B, J, or other fixed cowl B¹, B", Figure 3, or an
ordinary weather cap B5 to prevent the admission of rain or snow. The lower
ends of these air inlet pipes 6 have mounted over them vessels 1, of glass, porcelain,
metal, or other material, either hung by chains or other equivalent to the ceiling
or to the pipes b, either fixed or movable up or down, and preferably with a
cover and faucet branch to direct the current upwards towards the ceiling z, 2,
to assist in diffusing the air through the room, or a cover with tapered or jet
holes may be mounted all over it for the better directing and diffusing of the inlet
fresh air, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 41, and thus prevent draughts being

page_text: felt in the apartment. The lower part of this vessel j may contain cool water up
to near the lower end of the pipe b, and which may have aromatics or disinfectants
mixed therewith to moisten and perfume the air admitted when desired, as it
impinges on the liquid and passes into the room.
A perforated or gauze fraine division 11 may be mounted higher up the vessel j
to have broken ice laid on it in summer to cool the air as it passes up through it,
and charcoal or sponge or other porous substance may be laid on this shaft 1,
saturated with disinfectants or scented liquids to purify and sweeten the air as it
enters the room, as more particularly indicated in Figure 41, and a screw plug or
stop-cock may be fitted in the lowest central part of the vessel j to draw off the
liquids as required.
Referring to the several modifications and arrangements illustrated on Sheet 2
of the Drawings, Figure 42 represents the sectional elevation of a house, showing
four different apartments Z, Z, Z, and Z, showing different modifications and
arrangements of my improvements in ventilation as applied thereto, all in accor-
dance with and illustrative of the practical application of my said Invention, and
from which selections may be made to suit particular circumstances and cases.
In these rooms several adaptations or arrangements of movable and stationary
gaseliers and fixed gas-light brackets are shown at G and G', and their improved
ventilating fittings, all substantially as described in reference to Figures 23, 24,
and 29, on Sheet 1, for ventilating rooms and gas-lights up through the central
openings C and uptake pipes a from the ceiling or below it, as in the two rooms
Z", Z, the said pipes being all led up separately to branch into several ducts
at el, e, in the common shaft at ax, leading up to the uptake cowl A, and fitted
with valve d on top, all as described in reference to Figures 10, 19, and 20, of
Sheet 1 of the Drawings. In the rooms Z, Z', the fresh air is shown as led in
through horizontal pipes c¹¹ from the side of the house or down from an inlet blown
in mouth-piece or cowl c above the roof of the house so as to enter the rooms by
the pipes b and vessels j, all as indicated by the arrows in the Figures, and
described in reference to Figures 39 to 41 on Sheet 1; a slightly different modifi-
cation of the vessel j being shown in detached section in Figure 43; or otherwise,
by another improvement, the fresh air may be admitted at an angle through angled
jet-like holes, narrowing inwards in the joint part of the adjacent rails in the middle
of the window sashes, as indicated by the arrow at D2 in the room Z'. The air
might also be admitted to any apartment, as shown at G3, G4, by a pipe from the
side of the house led in above the ceiling at G³ in the room Zu, and led down by
an annular pipe G', fitted all round the drawing-off pipe a of the gaselier at G, the
lower end of the annular pipe being turned up so as to distribute the fresh air
upwards and outwards through the room.
The outer fresh air when desired to be heated before entering the room might be
allowed to enter from the outside of the house up through a vertical pipe Go, erected
in a close or metal chamber built into the wall, and shown opening into the room Z¹¹¹
at the upper end, and fitted with a regulating valve, the pipe G being heated by a
gas jet lighted below it, within the lower end of the close chamber, which is fitted
with a close door, made partly of glass, if desired, in front of the gas branch for lighting
it, air being admitted to support combustion by a small pipe G from the outside,
fitted with a regulating tap, the burnt air getting exit at the small pipe G7 at top.
By another arrangement the air to be admitted to the house and its several
apartments may be heated by a special close stove L for the purpose, with close air-
heating chamber placed in an apartment below, as shown at Z111, L; or it might
be in the hall or lobby, or other convenient part in or close to the house. The
fresh air may be led to the heating chamber of the stove from the side of the house
or other convenient place, by the pipe L, L, and led from the stove, after being
heated by the several pipes lled up inside the walls, and branching into the several
rooms by lateral branches at 11, fitted with valves, which are regulated by cords or
other equivalent inside each room. The fresh or heated air from the hall or lobby
of the house may be led into the rooms by a channel or opening (1, and a hinged

page_text: shutter or valve 12 on its inside, so as to close or open it by a cord or other equivalent,
all as indicated in dotted lines in the room Z", and in the detached transverse
section, Figure 44.
To prevent the outlet ventilating pipe or pipes of a room from acting as down-
draught pipes to supply the fire and chimney with air, as when a large fire is on, a
special pipe G2 may be put in to convey a supply of fresh air from the outside, as
indicated in connection with the fire-place in the room Z, and fitted with a
regulating valve or cock, to prevent or counteract the said down draught.
Figure 45 shows a vertical section of a means of heating greenhouses, conser-
vatories, and other enclosures, by means of my improved closed-in chimney
globes I, i, with ventilating tubes 6, 61, fitted above them, surmounted by a weather
or blow-down preventing cap B5, or it might be a ventilator A, the air being supplied
to the bottom of the globe I to support combustion, preferably by an air tube Go
with a regulating tap.
Figure 46 shows a detached transverse section of a ventilating valve chamber
and valve lid m in front, for drawing off the vitiated air and gases from a room
into the chimney G, and fitted into a channel m' leading thereto, indicated also in
dotted lines in the room Z", this valve being here fitted with my improved hooked
lever m", for acting behind the balanced or automatically-acting valve lid m to
close it, and also steady or regulate the full distance; it is allowed to open at any
time by the action of a cord attached to the inner weighted arm of this regulating
lever m", or other equivalent.
Figures 47 to 52 show vertical sections of various improved arrangements of my
before-mentioned patent fluid-tight jointed ventilating cowl B, J, and shown as fitted
with automatically wind-acting fans N, O, for assisting the uptake and discharge
of the vitiated air up their hollow shaft from the rooms of houses or other close
places requiring efficient ventilation without down draught. Figures 47, 48, and 49,
show arrangements of horizontal fans N placed in a close case n in the plane of the
discharge mouth B, with their spindles n' each mounted in their bearings in the
vertical centre line of the uptake neck of the cowl B, J. That shown in Figure 47
is driven direct by an ordinary horizontal windmill or wheel O, with angled vanes o all
round its periphery, and mounted on the upper end of the fan spindle n' outside
and above the cowl B, J, so that the wind from any direction always drives the
fan N, mounted on the same spindle, at the same speed as it, the rising or ascending
air and gases ontering the fan chamber by its lower eye n².
The arrangement shown in Figure 48 is similar to Figure 47, except that the
driving wind wheel O is mounted on a spindle_o of its own,-and-which is geared to
the spindle n¹-of-the-fan N by the large wheel O" and pinion n on their spindles
respectively, so as to actuate the fan N at a greater speed than the windmill O
when desired; while in the arrangement shown in Figure 49 the fan N is actuated
in a corresponding manner by a bevel wheel O" and pinion n", the former being
keyed on the horizontal or it might be angled shaft o' of a radial angled screw vane
face windmill or wheel O', always with its face turned in the direction to the wind
by the cowl and wind vane B, Be, so that the wind always acts on the face of the
vanes and turns the fan N through the gearing n¹¹, 011, at a high speed.
Figures 50 and 51 show an arrangement of vertical fan N₁ mounted over the
centre of the uptake throat a of the cowl B, J, on the middle of its horizontal
spindle a, working out through journal bearings in the outer case n² of the fan
and cowl, and having mounted on each outer end a side or edge acting windmill or
wheel O, with screw angled veins o curved axial aud circumferential to turn in
the same direction, with the wind acting on their edges turned in that direction by
the wind vane B and the cowl mouth B, placed above the open side of the fan
case n, the uptake air and gases entering this by the two side channels n³ and
eyes n² is blown out by the action of the fan N' through the discharge mouth B above,
to leeward, with the outer air, all indicated by the arrows in the several Figures.
Figure 52 shows an arrangement much similar to that described in reference to
Figures 50 and 51, but it is for use where heated or forced air or gases or other

page_text: fluids, are used separate from those ascending the shaft a, and conducted up separate
pipes, as e' or h (and described in reference to the several Figures 10, 19, 20, 23 and
24), which would be carried up the shaft « above the channels v³, entering the fan
by the eyes n², so that their upper open ends e' would direct the inducing gases or
fluids through a nozzle-shaped opening in the lower close part of the case n, so
as to impinge on the acting radial side of the vanes, or blades of the fan N", so as to
drive it or assist in doing so when used with the outer acting wind wheels O",
before described.
Although these fans N, N', N", Figures 47 to 52, have only been described as
fitted on swivelling cowls to be driven automatically by the wind, still it is to be
understood that they might be fitted in connection with the lower stationary parts
of the uptake shafts a, or channels leading thereto, in which case they may be
driven by hand or foot; or by ordinary arrangements of driving cords, bands, or
gearing from mechanical, wound up, spring, or weighted motive machines; or jets.
of steain, compressed air, or other pressure fluids; or by steam, water, air or gas
engines; or electric or magnetic inotors.
When spring or weighted motive machines are used, say, in connection with the
ventilating shafts a of a room or hall, it is preferred to place these machines a few
feet above the floor in a recess of the wall, where they could be easily got at to be
wound up, while the weight could rise and fall nearly the height of the room in or
alongside said recess; or in a special recess for itself; or the machines and weight or
weights may be otherwise placed as most suitable.
Figure 53 shows a vertical section of an arrangement for working one of these
ventilating fans N or N'as and for the purposes herein-before stated, and it consists
in mounting an angled vane motive wheel 0³, with a close case 03, but on the same
spindle n' as the fan N2 (or it might be a spindle of its own geared thereto by
wheels or other equivalent, as in Figure 48). The wheel O2 is driven by a small
regular jet of compressed air conducted by the pipe and nozzle 02, 03, from an
improved pressure air holder P, P¹, controlled by a tap or valve o"". This new or
improved air-pressure vessel P, P¹, is for acting as an accumulator for giving off a
high-pressure stream of air or other fluid more regularly than can be done by
ordinary fanners or blowers and pumps for the working of ventilating fans and
their motors, N2, 02, Figure 53, or other small machines, without requiring a great
height or depth of the vessel P or its pressuro-tight liquid joint chamber. This
pressure accumulating vessel P is formed of a deep outer case P, open above, with
an internal case P" somewhat smaller and jointed tight to the bottom of the outer
vessel P, so as to leave an annular chamber P" below the outer and inner case as
high or deep as will represent rather more than the pressure required in inches of
mercury, so that this chamber may be filled with this liquid metal without being
wholly emptied by the pressure. This inner case P" has preferably near its top
edge a close end P2, through which the inlet air-pressure pipe p, led from any
ordinary force-pump is entered, and jointed with a check valve p' fitted on its inlet
open end, the outlet tube o² being similarly jointed through the end P², so as to
allow of the free outlet of the pressure fluid when the tap or valve o is opened.
The actual accumulator or receiving and giving-off vessel consists of the inverted
close top and cylindrical case P¹, with its under open mouth working down into the
annular chamber of mercury P and being loaded with weights P on the top to
the pressure desired, rises and falls according to the air forced in and drawn off,
which has thus always a uniform pressure or force.
The compressed air jet in Fig. 53 may also be used to drive an archimedian screw,
with or without gearing, as in Fig. 53 A; or a water or stream jet may be used
instead.
Figures 54 to 58 show various sections of improved chimney cans and fittings
more particularly designed and suitable for being made in fire-clay or other ordinary
clays for the better ventilation of chimneys, or air and gas uptake shafts with
these, than has heretofore been obtained, the intention being that the area of
chimneys may with advantage be made much smaller than is general at present.

page_text: Figure 54 shows a simple construction of straight, expanding, conical, or poly-
gonal body Q, widening upwards from the bottom, which is formed with a plain,
round, or polygonal sole or supporting flange q and spigot q' for entering the chimney
head or shaft to be ventilated.
Figures 55 and 56 show a vertical section and plan of a cam very similar to
Figure 54, but with a short cylindrical piece or cap Q¹ somewhat larger than the out-
side of the wide top of the body Q, where it is secured on projecting brackets or
snugs q2 a little below the top, or perfectly thinned-off lip or edge of the body Q,
where a narrow annular space q is left between them, having a double cone Qu
with supporting and steadying wings or feathers .q" mounted on the top within the
cap Q, all so as to give a free outlet of the smoke or gases up the lower side of the
cone Q and between it and the cap Q1; while in the case of a blow down, the
upper surface of the cone would deflect the wind and smoke down through the
annular space q3 and out under the cap Q', all as shown and indicated by the
arrows.
Figure 57 shows a curvilinear expanding body Q², with a double or reverse
angled ring q all round its upper outer edge, with a large flat bottomed conical
weather cap q supported some distance above the open top of the can Q2, so that
a free outflow is provided and all down draught prevented.
Figure 58 shows a large preferably expanding hood Q³ mounted on snugs q2 outside
of and continued considerably above the top of, the can Q; this hood Q³ being per-
forated ell round with holes q near the top, which is fitted with a portable end on
top Q4 of a flat or other raised form, preferably also perforated the same as the sides,
all so as to give a free outlet to the smoke with little risk of a blow down, the wind
gliding past the holes and assisting the outward suction of the smoke; the lid or
top Q affording ready access for examining or cleaning without removing the
hood Q³.
Figure 59 shows an ordinary form of the commonest red-clay can Q2, Q³, with
the improved double cone Q1, made of fire-clay or other clay, having feathers
or rests q attached to it, so that it can be readily fitted to said can Q2 by merely
resting upon it, which will make these cans act all much as shown and described in
reference to Figures 55 and 56.
Figure 60 shows a vertical section and corresponding cross section, taken on the
lines 3 3 in the former, of an improved construction of fire-clay or other clay
pipes G, such as used for chimneys and uptake ventilating shafts a, with a new
faucet or, it might be, spigot lateral branch 94 formed on it, preferably made wide
in the direction of the diameter of the pipe a, but_narrow-in-the-direction of its
length;_this-new-branch-g-being used for giving the power of easily and tightly
jointing brauch pipes thereto, for leading in the bad air and gases from rooms fitted
with valves, as shown and described at m, m¹, m₁₁, in reference to Figures 42
and 46; or it might be for the connecting of the pipes h, h', for gas-lights, or for
jets of forced air or gases to assist the uptake draught of the shafts a.
Figure 60 A shows a vertical section of uptake hood or cowl somewhat analogous
in principle and mode of action to that described and shown in Figure 16 on
Sheet 1, but suitable for being made of sheet metal or formed on the top of a plain
cylindrical uptake shaft as a, and consists in forming a ring of laternal openings or
perforations at through the four opposite sides of the hood part a round some little
distance down from the close weather cap a, and covering these tubes by seg-
mental plates a³, or the outside with carrying stems projecting inwards and
carried by wires a or other equivalent, from the inside of the top of the cowl, so
that as the current ascends up the shaft a it opens these plates a and passes out
by the holes a' on the sides from which the wind is not blowing, thus blowing the
segments close to the cowl and closing the holes at on that side, and so preventing
all down draughts.
Referring to the several Figures on Sheet 3, Figure 61 is a vertical section of a
house, showing various adaptations of my improvements in ventilation as applied
to four different rooms Z², Z³, 74, and Z³, thereof. In room Z² a complete arrange-

page_text: ment of gaselier at G is shown as suitable for the upper rooms of a house, or for a
hall, school, or other building, with the gas-lights ventilating up through their own
set of branch pipes h', el, and uptake shaft a and cowl A outside above the ridge
of the house; and the vitiated air and gases of the room are drawn off by their own
separate shaft or shafts a³, with controlling valve C at the lower end C and
ceiling z, and uptake hood A on the top end, outside on the ridge or platform ¹ of
the roof, all so far much similar to that described in reference to the detached views
Figures 1 and 2, and 26 and 27; but as regards the ventilating of the gas-lights,
their straight tubes h, h¹, are attached to and rise and fall with the gaselier H, the
upper parts h of these tubes working up through the lower vertical parts 11 of the
branch tubes e above, with condensed vapour trap a¹, a', fitted on the lower part
of each tube e¹l and h, h¹, the same as shown in Figure 2, brought down through
short tubes in the ceiling 2, these branch fittings being situated within the attic
space below the roof ¹, and so easily got at for examination and repair. The fresh
air is shown as admitted to this room Z2 by the centre joint of the window sashes
at D2 by raising the under sash a little and inserting a properly shaped parallel
angled transverse bar D³, with cloth or a strip or tube of india-rubber or other soft
or elastic substance along its upper and lower face to make the joints both air-tight
by shutting the bottom edge of the lower sash close down on this bar D³, as seen in
the detached section Figure 62, and so leave an opening at D2, which admits the
fresh air as indicated by the arrow..
In the room Z³ an arrangement for fitting and ventilating gaslights within a
fixed hanging single globe 1, i, is shown at (, the globe I being hung by its gallery
12, preferably with glass bottom 11 to the lower end of the gas tube C¹, surrounded
by a protecting tube resting on it below, both of these tubes passing up the centre
of a long ventilating pipe h, h¹, secured to the top of a short tube, passing
through the ceiling with the gas pipe C¹ passed down through the centre tube,
above which the tube his preferred to be contracted at a, a, and led up close to or
through a part of the uptake shaft a³ for ventilating the room through the valve
C, this pipe as being fitted to suit the position of the pipe a, so that this pipe a may
when desired be used to heat the foul air ascending in the pipe a³ from the room,
and so when the apartment is lighted, make the hot waste gases from the gas-lights
assist the ventilation of the room while maintaining the isolation system of ventila
tion through their respective uptake pipes t, a³, and cowls A, A, fitted on these
outside and above the ridge or platform 7, 7, of the house. In the room * a
rising and falling gaselier is shown at G with a simple means of leading the tubes
h, h', from the gas-lights and globes I up into a horizontal pipe h, having its outlet
end 3 opening into the valve box m, m³, m", Figure 46, for ventilating the room
into the chimney G of the fire G³, the ventilation of which is here shown as
assisted or capable of being regulated by a short pipe G2 brought in through the
wall at the back of the fire, and preferably fitted with a balanced automatically
acting valve on its inner open end.
An ordinary gill stove is shown at L2 in the apartment below room 7, for
heating the air led as indicated by the arrows at L³ up into the hall or lobby 11,
from which it may be admitted to any of the rooms desired by an opening 13,
preferably about seven feet up in the side wall of the room to distribute the air with-
out down draughts, and this opening 13 may be fitted with a valve, as seen at 11, 12,
in Figure 44, the arrows indicating the direction of the air and gases in all these
ducts.
The apartment indicated at 75 shows an arrangement of exercise, sitting, or other
room for the ventilation thereof, which may be advantageous for asthmatic or
other delicate persons troubled with lung and chest or other complaints, or for
other purposes where it would be. beneficial to have an abnormal pressure or
temperature of the air within the room, considerably above that of the rest of the
house or atmosphere outside. And the arrangements consist in making all the
entrances into the room (as seen in the horizontal section, Figure Z', A, of the
room Z³, Figure 61), with double doors R', R", to open and close either on hinges

page_text: or rolling with strips of india-rubber, or other equivalent, at all their bearing
edges, or the doors might siide in metal frames so as to be as nearly as possiblo air-
tight as indicated at R, with a close chamber space between them for the persons
to go in and out of the room; and the close channel r or press-like window with
inner and outer doors 71, 711, for handing meat and other things through, into, and
out of the room without the person requiring to pass in and out of the room.
The recesses R, r, between the doors might be made in the form of wall boxes
as small as convenient for the purposes required, to cause as little, loss of air
as possible each time the doors or meat channel have to be opened, as the full
of the chamber R or r must escape each time, the first door opened being
closed before opening the other, the person or article remaining in the intermediate
space R or r during the closing of the one door and the opening of the other, both
outer doors opening into a convenient part of the hall or lobby as L' of the house.
The window 15 might be made of a single sheet of strong plate glass strengthened
by cross bars or a frame; a single frame of iron or wood for smaller panes of glass
might be used in either case, and strong enough to stand the pressure to be pro-
duced in the room, and all jointed air-tight into the solid wall, or the frame might
be made in the form of a wall box jointed air-tight all round in the wall as that of
the door frames or chambers R, r. And the walls of such a room would also
require to be extra strong and air-tight as well as the ceiling 2, 3, and floor, and
for this purpose these might all be faced with cement, asphalte, sheet metal, or
strong boarding with calked joints, or with strips of india-rubber in the joints.
A proper outlet ventilating and regulated valve chest V would be fitted in tho
centre of the ceiling 2, 2, or other convenient part, having the entrance covered in
preferably with an open ornamental disc, and the valve lid loaded to the pressure
desired, and made large enough to allow of a free escape for safety and for venti-
lation, opening into a convenient free discharge duct V led to the outside of the
house.
The ventilation of the gas-lights and globes as shown at I, would be effected up
through their tubes h, h¹, fitted with loaded or hand regulating valve d on the
upper open end of each tube h, to allow of the free escape of all the waste products
of combustion within the globe, just sufficient to allow the gas to burn properly
and lead off the deleterious gases into the channel V'.
The fresh air is supplied by a pipe, as M, led from suitable air-forcing pumps and
engines placed in the ground flat of the house, or other convenient part in or near
it, preferably led from a pressure accumulator on through vessel with cotton-or-
with diaphragms.of.flannel-or other suitable porous material, to prevent the passage
of dust with the air, and thus cleanse it before entering the chamber Z5, through
the upper end or branch M¹ of the pipe M, preferably led in at an angle upwards,
and fitted with a loaded self-acting valve D3 or other valve or equivalent, which,
with the regulating valve V, would approximately maintain the pressure within
the chamber desired, and the fresh air might be heated by passing the conducting
pipes M in a coil or otherwise through a close steam or hot water vessel, or through
hot chambers of stoves or fires; or the purified cool fresh air may be admitted into
the room, which latter might be heated by hot water pipes or otherwise. The arrows
in the several parts and ducts or channels in Figure 61 indicate the direction of the
currents in these where shown.
Figures 63 to 66 show sections of several modifications or constructions of jet
apparatus for inducing air and gas ventilating currents through the uptake or
discharge pipes a in the several arrangements and applications of ventilators herein
described, and shown in the Drawings, as in Figures 10, 23, and 24, or for producing
forced regular currents for driving the arrangement of ventilating fans, Figures 47
to 53, herein described and shown.
Figure 63 shows a T double branched nozzle g, g', g", for introducing the small
high-pressure forcing jet of air, steam, or other fluid into the centre of the inducing
branch pipe a, a, a, through which the air or gases have to be drawn or forced
for the said ventilating purposes.

page_text: Figure 64 shows a straight parallel ventilating pipe a with inducing double
cone g, and widened annular chamber y formed round it in the pipe a, with the
nozzle g of the jet forcing pipe g¹¹ led into the centre of the pipe «, some little dis-
tance back from the cone g¹ to accelerate the velocity of the air and gases towards
and through the annular space g', small tubes with taps, as g³, being fitted to the
lowest part of the pipe a for drawing off any condensed vapour or water which may
lodge there.
Figures 65 and 66 show two vertical arrangements of uptake pipes a, a, with a
central nozzle C within a straight enlarged part and having the central nozzle g
in the former Figure led in from its pressure jet, forcing pipe gl above or in front
of the nozzle C, while in the latter Figure this nozzle or jet is led into the centre
of the nozzle C to induce and accelerate the flow of the air and gases through this
inducing part of the pipe a and contracted part g5 in the latter Figure, all as
indicated by the arrows in these several Figures 63 to 66.
Figure 67 shows the application of a nozzle y, g¹¹, for drawing the fluids from
three or more branches a, a, a, out through one branch or discharge pipe 3, and
when desired, any or all of these branch line of pipes may be fitted with taps or
valves to shut them wholly or partially when desired.
Figure 67A is a modification of Figure 67.
Figure 41A is a section of a ventilating pipe and fresh air inlet in a different
position than Figure 41.
Referring to the several Figures on Sheet 4, Figure 68 is a diagram arrangement
in vertical section showing the practical application or mode of putting in my
improved drop or cascade ventilating trap A, B, C, D, and fittings as indicated in
vertical section at 4 and 5 in this Figure, consists in fitting over the cleaning
faucets C and 1 of the inlet chamber or well A, and that over the discharge bend D
of this syphon trap for soil and drain pipes a, suitable length of fire-clay or other
pipes C', 1', as will reach to the level of the ground, where the former is fitted
with a grating C" to allow the surface water to pass down through it, or a current
of air to pass down back the drain pipe B and up the ventilating pipe B¹ to escape
above the roof of the house by a ventilating pipe, and with an uptake cowl when
desired.
The pipe C above the well C may be fitted with a hinged or other balanced
valve, which would open inwards and close with a draught upwards, and so prevent
the escape of foul air or gases from the soil or drain pipes. The pipe and chamber 1¹
is also closed in on top by an outer iron plate or frame 1" at the level of the ground,
with an inner fire-clay or other lid 1 jointed air-tight a little below the plate, as
seen particularly in the enlarged sectional view, Figure 69. This pipe and chainber 1',
when required, may be formed with a lateral faucet branch 6 for jointing to a
ventilating pipe 6 for ventilating the sewer or the house drain B, or other drain or
pipe. And when desired a lateral branch, as c, inay also be formed in the pipe C¹,
for fitting a ventilating pipe c¹ thereto when desired, as shown in dotted lines at
the trap 4, both pipes b and c¹ being led up above the roof of the house or other
convenient part through an uptake cowl or hood, as shown, and all as indicated by
the arrows in the Figure.
Figure 68A shows a mode of admitting air to the trap A, B, C, D, by a side
channel at some distance from the trap.
The branches b and c may be fitted to any desired height and turned to any
'angle required to suit the direction of the branches below the ground leading to the
uptake pipes 6' and c¹.
Referring to this general arrangement, shown in Figure 68, the object here is, while
thoroughly ventilating the drain pipes B, B, soil pipe 2, and waste pipe 3, to at the
same time not only lock off the sewer gas from these soil and waste pipes by means
of the trap 4, but also to lock off any sewage gas that may be generated in the
house drain B itself from said soil or waste pipes by means of the traps 5, and 6,
and 7, all. with the intention to make the use of these drains, soil, and waste pipes
less dangerous to the inmates of the houses than. has hitherto generally been the

page_text: case, should anything go wrong with these soil or waste pipes, as in the case of
holes being made in them or leaking joints occurring.
Easy access can be had either for examination or cleansing to both the inner and
outer sides or ends A and D of these improved traps, shown at 4 and 5, by merely
lifting the drain grating C to get at the inner side A, and lifting the iron plate I11
and fire-clay lid below it, or other air-tight substitutes to get at the outer side D of
the trap.
Referring to Figure 69 which is an enlarged vertical section of a square or round
iron plate and frame 1", with the faucet of the drain pipe l' underneath, and a
fire-clay lid 1, as shown in position at 1" in the traps 4 and 5 of Figure 68.
Figure 70 is a vertical section of a new or improved form of trap specially intended
to be used for fixed basins in bedrooms. In this trap any bad air or gas is pre-
vented from getting access to the water in the trap or through said water by the
valve v.
This valve may either be made wholly of brass or other metal, or partly
of brass and partly of india-rubber, say, top spindle and disc of brass, and lower or
bearing part of india-rubber or other suitable material, and either globular or flat.
The brass cover in which the spindle of the valve works up and down can be
screwed off to get access to the valve.
Figure 71 is a cross section of the brass spindle of the valve and its guide in
the cover v', showing spindle with its projections to lessen friction.
Figure 72 shows another form of trap for the same purpose, but with a hinged
valve vin place of a spindle valve.
Figure 73 is a vertical section of an improved form of self-acting or self-filling
bell-trapy invented by me for the purpose of preventing draughts of the outer air
or air from the waste pipes 3, or other pipes blowing into the house through the
outflow pipe y' of the cistern, three small holes as at x, about 1/8th inch diameter,
allowing the water to get into the basin y of the trap, and so placed as to be, say,
1 inch above the bottom of the dip pipe y". When the circern is full and water
overflows, it gets away through this bell-trap at the holes x', say, 12 inch in
diameter near the top of the outer case y of the bell-trap. Any of the uptake
ventilating pipes before mentioned may, when required, be fitted with a basin, as in
Figures 39, 40, and 41 upon its lower part, but without water, ice, or strainers to
prevent down draughts being felt, should they occur.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein-described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured-to-me-by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction of the parts of duplex or compound lateral action uptake
and blow-down cowls (A and B, J, or A, B¹,) with or without the reverse current
lateral action cap b' at the lower end of the inner tube b, for the ventilation of
drain, soil, and sewer pipes, and for houses or other close places generally, all
substantially as described in reference to and shown in (Figures 1 to 5, and Figures
4 A, 4 B, and 4C of) the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction and combination of an uptake cowl A, with a revolving
cowl B, or a fixed cowl B', as a ventilator (preferably with lateral action perforated
plates A¹ on the sides of its inner case), with outer and inner uptake and down-
draught shafts a and b respectively, all as and for the purposes of ventilation,
generally and substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in
Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The constructing and fitting on the lower parts of ventilating uptake
shafts a (as near the ceilings of apartments), close annular chambers as c, with an
inlet tube or tubes for the admission of forced currents of fresh air from the outside
of the house or from blowers, either for assisting the draught through the shafts a,
or for the admission of fresh air to the apartments of the house, all substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 2,2 A, and 10 of the accom-
panying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth. The fitting of central nozzles g, g¹¹, within the uptake or eduction
ventilating shafts or pipes (as a) for the admission of forced jets of air, steam, or
other fluid for accelerating the currents within these pipes, all substantially as
described in reference to and shown in Figures 23, 24, 63 to 67, and 67 A of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The fitting of reverse current caps or vessels to the lower ends of fresh air
induction pipes (as b, b,) led in from the top of the house, or it might be from the sides
of the house, or from air blowers, for dispersing or diffusing the air upwards through
the room or along the ceiling, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown at C, c, and j in Figures 2, 2 A, 39 to 43, and 41 A of the accompanying
Drawings.
Sixth. The ventilating of each gas-light of apartments of houses or other places
by special globes (I, i,) and uptake pipes h, h', and their fittings from each led into
the lower part of the uptake ventilating shafts, as a, of a room, or special tubes
(as e, either isolated or not, as desired (as at e, e',), with condensed vapour
traps (as a) at the lower parts of the pipes (a, ell, and h, ¹), all substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 19 and 20, and 23 to 26, 28
to 38, and 42 and 61 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh. The general construction or combination of the parts of my improved
uptake or eduction cowl B, J, with glycerine or other liquid air-tight joints, all
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 7 A,
8, 9, and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. The general construction or combination of the parts of my improved
uptake or eduction cowl B, J, with glycerine or other liquid air-tight joints, with
fans in them, constructed and actuated, all substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in Figure 47 to 52 inclusive of the accompanying
Drawings.
Ninth. The construction and general arrangement for driving a fan N for pro-
ducing air currents in ventilating shafts, or an archimedian screw N³ in such shafts,
driven by small air wheels (directly connected thereto or through gearing) by
pressure air currents from an accumulator (as P, P',) with mercurial pressure-tight
joint, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 53
and 53 A on Sheets 2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth. The construction of upwardly expanding fire or other clay chimney cans
Q, and the combination of the parts with or without double conical fire-clay pro-
tectors Q1, on top, all substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in Figures 54 to 58 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh. The construction and adaptation of double conical fire-clay protectors
Qu, to the top of ordinary forms of red clay chimney cans Q2, Q³, all substantially
as herein described in reference to and shown in Figure 59 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Twelfth. The construction of the internal fire or other clay pipes G11, with
lateral branches gt, for carrying off the foul air from the chambers of houses, all
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figure 60 of the
accompanying Drawings..
Thirteenth. The application to the cleaning faucet 1 over the outlet bend D of my
improved drain, soil, or sewer trap A, C, D, of the pipe and chamber 1', with lateral
branch 6 for attaching uptake pipes prope b¹, B¹, for the ventilation of the sewer
pipes B¹¹, and house drains B, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown at 4 and 5 in Figure 68, and partly in detailed section in Figure 69 of
the accompanying drawings, and also the traps shown in Figures 70 and 72.
Fourteenth. The construction of uptake ventilators with vertical, angled, or
louver vanes and tangential protectors, as shown in Figures 21 and 22 for large
wood ventilators, or it might be horizontal perforated sheet metal with protectors,
as shown in Figure 22 A at the ridges of workshops or other places, all substantially
as described and shown in reference to these Figures.
Fifteenth. The construction and arrangement of abnormal close high-pressure air

page_text: chambers or rooms Z³, all substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described in reference to and shown in Figures 61 and Z5, A, of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Paton Buchan, have hereunto set
'
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
W. P. BUCHAN. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Paton Buchan, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Sanitary Engineer and Plumber, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS, AND IN APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CON-:
NECTED WITH VENTILATION."
Sealed the 29th October 1878, and dated the 9th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Paton Buchan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1878.
WILLIAM PATON BUCHAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Sanitary Engineer and Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS, AND IN
APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CONNECTED WITH VENTILATION."
This Invention has reference to ventilating the interiors of houses or buildings,
and other chambers or apartments, chimneys, shafts, and drain, soil, or sewer pipes,
and to special new or improved hoods and fittings connected therewith and with
the drain or sewer pipes, which will improve the ventilation of these and of houses
generally; being also to some extent improvements upon my former patented
Invention, No. 2102, dated the 30th day of May 1877.
"
The nature and novelty of the Invention consists, first, in the new or improved
construction of what I term a "compound" or "combination ventilator' or
ventilating cowl, the first and main improvement of which consists in the use of a
stationary or fixed ventilating cowl A, such as any of the improved constructions
of these shown and described in reference to Figures 6 to 12 inclusive of the
Specification and Drawings of my said former Patent; or it might be of any of the
other forms of fixed ventilating cowls now in use; or the common top or tubes
with covers for preventing down draughts or the admission of rain, combined with
a revolving blow-down ventilating cowl B, equivalent to that shown and described
in reference to Figure 5 of the said former Specification and Patent, with glycerine
or liquid joint mounted above the fixed cowl, preferably revolving on a spindle
projecting up through it, secured in the centre of the fixed cowl; or it might be

page_text: with other forms of revolving or fixed cowls for producing down draught, in either
case having a small pipe conveying the down draught of the outer air down
through the centre of the fixed cowl and a portion of its shaft below, and having
its lower end inserted into an inverted hollow annular cone or cup, so as to direct
or deflect this down draught in an annular stream back up the main shaft, and so
by its lateral action or induction act on and assist the up and outward draught of
the foul air through the main ventilating shaft from the house or room, out through
the suction discharge stationary cowl A; thus by the combined action of a blowing
and suction cowl, effecting a better ventilation, as before stated, all as shown in
vertical and horizontal sections, in Figures 1 and 2.
"
Another simple modification of this combination ventilator" consists of a
cylindrical suction or uptake cowl A, secured to the top of the large uptake pipe or
duct for leading the foul air up to it, and with vertical sections or segments of the
case of the hood, made of perforated sheet metal (as mentioned at lines 35 and 36
of page 2 of the Patent Office printed copy of the Specification of my said former
Patent), with flat or curved baffle or deflecting plates placed tangentially in front
of the perforated parts, to cause the outer air currents to pass across the faces of
the perforated plates, and induce or produce the outward ventilating current,
combined with a corresponding construction of perforated blow-down cowl B',
fitted to the top of the central tube above the discharge cowl, vertical radial vanes
being fitted in the centre of the perforated sections of this upper blow-down cowl
(instead of or in addition to the tangential baffle plates), to deflect the outer air in
through the perforations, and down the central tube before mentioned, the lower
end of this inner tube being carried down the centre of the discharge or uptake
tube or shaft as far as convenient, to near its inlet end, where the return or reversing
annular cup, tube, or nozzle is fitted to deflect the down current back, up the
ventilating tube, to act on and insure the upward flow of the foul air, as shown in
the vertical and two horizontal sections, Figures 3, 4, and 5.
By another arrangement, instead of using a blow-down cowl and central tube,
the lower inlet end of the uptake shaft near the roof or ceiling of the apartment is
closed in by a short central tube or nozzle, which admits the foul gases up the
outlet shaft or cowl, while the outer air, in this case, is admitted by a tube or
tubes, as between the joists, from any side or sides of the house, so as to be
deflected by the short central tube up the out-take shaft, and act on and assist the
outflow of the foul air; each tube being fitted with a valve which would open on
the side from which the wind is blowing, and close by its own weight when not
forced open by the outer air, as on the sides or directions from which the wind is
not blowing. When these valves are not used; a double or reverse cone may be
fitted some little distance above the short central inlet tube, to allow the free uptake
of the foul air, and at the same time prevent a blow down by deflecting the down
current out through the said lateral inlet tubes, as shown in the vertical section of
this combined arrangement, Figure 6.
Figure 7 shows a section of the central part of the roof of a room, below the end
- of the outlet ventilating shaft, as fitted with my improvements for drawing off the
foul air or gases from each light of a gasalier or other lights of a room, by a hollow
conical cup or reflector and small central outlet tube from each led up into the
ventilating shaft above the ceiling.
Another improvement, shown. in section in Figure 8, consists in an improved
manner of admitting fresh air to rooms from the outside by a pipe or pipes above
the ceilings into a close annular chamber fitted round the inlet end of any of the
outlet shafts leading to the ventilating cowls; the lower part of this annular
chamber being made to project through and below the ceiling a short distance, and
open or perforated all round the sides, with an annular disc below the end, so that
the fresh air admitted by the pipes into the chamber is blown or directed out
through the opening or perforations all round, close to the ceiling, and is thus spread
throughout the room.
Figures 9 and 10 show two modifications of: an improved manner of admitting
.

page_text: fresh air fromthe outside of the house by tubes admitted through the walls of the
house, either above the ceiling, as in Figure 9, or below it, as in Figure 10, with
the inner end or nose of the pipe bent down into a cup-shaped nozzle, which
deflects the air upwards to the ceiling, so as to disperse it through the room, and
prevent draughts; the outer end of the hole in the wall or tube being fitted with
a grating to prevent the admission of rain, or birds, or foreign matter.
Figure 11 shows an improved shape or construction of expanding trumpet-shaped
discharge pipe, for fitting on to the outer ends of ventilating shafts above the roofs
of houses, with a conical cap or a disc to prevent down draughts or the admission of
rain; this improved expanding top is for being used instead of a cowl, in some
cases for assisting the outer discharge of the foul air, and insuring the better.
ventilation of houses or drains.
The arrows indicate the inward and outward currents of the fresh or foul air in.
the several Figures and parts thereof respectively of these improved ventilators:
and ventilating fittings shown in the accompanying Drawings.
A further improvement, shown in sectional elevation in Figure 12, consists in
fitting over the cleaning faucets, or inlet and outlet chambers or bends, of the
syphon traps of soil or drain pipes suitable lengths of fire-clay or other pipe as will
reach to the level of the ground, where the former is fitted with a grating to
admit down a current of the outer air to pass back the drain, up a ventilating
pipe to above the roof of the house, and also in closing in the latter pipe and
chamber by an outer iron plate at the level of the ground, with an inner fire-clay
or other lid jointed air-tight; said latter length or lengths of pipe when desired
being formed with a lateral faucet or faucets, capable of being fitted at any desired
height, and turned to any side or angle to suit a branch or branches and pipe or
pipes below the surface of the ground, to be led up to the top of the house or other
convenient situation, to draw off the sewer or drain gases from the outer branch of
the trap, and which may also, in certain cases, lead off rain or waste water, all as
shown and indicated by the arrows in this Figure.
Figure 13 shows a new or improved inverted conical or convex top or cap for
fitting over the open discharge end of the ventilating funnels or shafts of drain
and soil pipes, for assisting the discharge of the foul gases therefrom, where the
admission of a little rain past the cap is not detrimental.
Referring again to Figure 6, where the ventilation or upward current is produced
in the main outlet shaft by a lateral pipe or pipes, led into a short annular uptake
branch (instead of from a revolving or fixed blow-down cowl above the discharge
cowl, with central blow-down tube, as in Figures 1 to 5); it is to be understood
that these lateral pipes and uptake branch may be fitted in any part of the uptake
shaft, and lead the outer air from any revolving or fixed blow-down cowl or
trumpet-shaped inlet mouth-piece placed at any convenient part of the roof or
other part of the house, and that the end of the pipe may be led into a short central
branch directed upwards, as seen in Figure 6A; and, further, that when an
expanding inlet mouth-piece is used on the revolving or stationary inlet pipė
laterally, it may, when desired, have an outer conical nozzle or short tube, fitted so
as to project outside, as shown in this latter Figure, also for assisting the inward
current.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Paton Buchan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
January 1879.
WILLIAM PATON BUCHAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Sanitary Engineer and Plumber." "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS, AND IN
APPLIANCES OR FITTINGS CONNECTED WITH VENTILATION.”
My said Invention has reference to ventilating the interiors of houses or buildings
and other chambers or apartments, chimneys, shafts, and drain, soil, or sewer pipes,
and to special new or improved hoods and fittings connected therewith, and with
the drain or sewer pipes, which will improve the ventilation of these and of houses
generally, being also to some extent improvements upon my former patented In-
vention, No. 2102, dated the 30th day of May 1877.
And in order that the nature and novelty of my said Invention may be properly
understood, and that the best modes and means of putting the same into effect or
practice which I am at present aware of, embodying the experience I have gained
during the Provisional Protection may also be known, I shall now proceed to
describe the several Figures on the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, which
I have hereunto appended for that purpose, the same reference letters and numerals,
as far as possible, indicating the same or like parts in all the Figures.
Referring to the vertical sections, Figures 1 to 5 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying
Drawings, the first part of my said Invention consists in a new or improved con-
struction of what I term a "compound" or "combination ventilator' or ventilating
cowl A, B, the main improvement of which consists in the use of a stationary or
fixed ventilating or uptake cowl A. (mounted on the top of its large uptake pipe or
shaft a), such as any of the improved constructions of cowls, shown and described
in reference to Figures 6 to 12 inclusive of the Specification and Drawings of my
said former Patent, or that shown at A in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5 of the Sheet of
Drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, or it might be of any of the
other forms of fixed ventilating or uptake cowls now in use, or the common parallel
top or tube with a conical cover, shown in Figure 6 of the Provisional Drawings,
for preventing down draughts or the admission of rain, and insuring an uptake
current in the pipe a, combined with a revolving blow-down ventilating cowl B
mounted above the fixed cowl A, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and equivalent to
that shown and described in reference to Figure 5 of the Drawings of the Speci-
fication of my said former Patent, with a glycerine or other liquid joint at J. This
upper cowl B, J, preferably revolves on a spindle J¹ projecting up through it,
secured in the centre tube b projecting up through the fixed cow! A; or it might
be with other forms of revolving or of fixed cowls, as B¹ in Figure 3 in either case
for producing or conveying a down draught therefrom of the outer air by the small
pipe b down through the centre of the fixed cowl A, and a portion of its uptake
pipe or shaft a below. The lower end of the pipe b is inserted some distance into
an inverted hollow annular cone or cup b', so as to direct or deflect this down
draught of air in it in an annular stream or jet back up the main shaft a, and so by
its lateral action or induction act on and assist the up and outward draught or
current of the foul air through the main ventilating shaft or pipe a from the house
or room z, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, out through the suction or discharge
stationary cowl A, all as indicated by the arrows in the Figures 1 and 2, thus by
the combined action of a blowing and suction cowl A, B, or A, B', effecting a better
and more certain outward ventilation than has been possible with ordinary single
cowls as heretofore constructed.
A simple modification or construction of this combination ventilator (A, B,
Figure 3) consists in forming the cowl A of a cylindrical transverse section, as
seen in Figure 4, taken on the lines 1 - - - 1 in these Figures, secured to the top
of the large uptake pipe or duct a for leading the foul air up to it, and with vertical

page_text: sections or segments A¹ of the inner case of the hood A made of perforated sheet
metal (as mentioned at lines 35 and 36 of page 2 of the Patent Office printed copy
of the Specification of my said former Patent), with curved or nearly flat baffle or
deflecting plates A" placed tangentially in front of the perforated parts A¹, as seen
in the transverse sections, Figures 4 and 4 A, to cause the outer air currents to
pass tangentially through the spaces between these, and across the faces of the
perforated plates A', and so induce or produce the outward ventilating current
through the holes, or it might be with triangular or V shaped vertical bars A"!
instead of the perforated plates, as shown in the transverse section, Figure 4 B, and
combined in the Figure 3 with a corresponding construction of perforated blow-
down cowl B¹ fitted at the top of the central tube b above the discharge cowl A,
but with vertical radial vanes B¹¹ fitted in the centre of the perforated seginents (A¹)
of this upper blow-down cowl, as seen in the transverse section, Figure 5, taken on
the line 2-2, Figure 3 (instead of or in addition to the tangential baffle plates A",
Figure 4) to deflect the outer air in through the perforations and down the central
tube before mentioned, the lower end of this inner tube being carried down the
centre of the discharge or uptake tube or shaft a, as found desirable, and where the
return or reversing annular cup tube or nozzle b' is fitted at its lower end to deflect
the down current back up the ventilating tube a to act on and insure the upward
flow of the foul air therein, all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3, and as before
described in reference to Figure 1, and the end of the tube 6 may be contracted
as shown, or the outer pipe a may be made larger to give greater arca for the air
currents passing the cup b¹ when desired.
The swivelling hoods B in Figures 1 and 2 are fitted with arrow vanes B above
to insure their turning with their wide inlet mouth to the wind, and are formed
with their upper cross channel right through, and fitted with a lid B² on their back
end when acting as blow-down cowls, but so that when these ends B² are removed
they can act as uptake cowls, and so draw the foul air up the tube b also, and force
it out through the open back end at B2 of the hood B, assisted by the lateral action
of the air passing through the cross tube B, B, and outside the inner tube 62 fitted
on the top of the pipe b within the hood B in Figure 1, and fitted with a conical
end 6 in front, and an exit space behind it to prevent back draught down the
tube b.
In Figures 1 and 3 the uptake pipe or shaft a is shown as broken away to take
up less room in the sheet, but it will be understood they may be led or communicate
either direct or by branches from any chamber or part of a building, soil, drain, or
sewer pipe, or other place to be ventilated. This uptake shaft or duct a in Figure 2
is shown as led direct up from and opening into the ceiling of any room or chamber z
of a house, where it may be surrounded or covered in by an ornamental and
perforated centre, which would allow of the free outlet of the vitiated air at C
through the top of the apartment; and in this Figure the internal down-draught
pipe b is carried down to near the lower end of its surrounding pipe a some distance
above the ceiling, where it branches out through this by two (or it might be more
or fewer) lateral branches into an outer annular chamber c led down through the
ceiling into thin broad ducts or an annular opening at c¹ close to the ceiling, so as
to deflect and diffuse it through the apartment, all as indicated by the arrows at the
lower part of Figure 2.
A throttle valve D is fitted in any part of the pipe b so as to regulate the
admission either automatically by a balanced lever D₁, or it might be actuated and
set to any desired position by a cord or wire led down to the apartment for that
purpose.
To prevent rain or moisture from without blowing through the cowl A down the
pipe a into the house, I project the upper end of this pipe some distance above the
bottom surface of the cowl A at A, which may be bevelled downwards to cause
the rain to run outwards; and, as I have observed, a quantity of condensed vapour
or water is deposited from the outflowing vitiated air on the inner surface of the
uptake shaft a, near the bottom thereof, I form a narrow annular pocket or case a

page_text: all round the outside to receive and trap this condensed vapour as it trickles down;
_ and if required a tube, plug, or trap a¹ is fitted at the lower part of it for drawing
off the water from time to time to any convenient place, or into a flat basin for
evaporation, as found desirable, and the lower end of the inner tube b when used may
have a pipe or tap or other equivalent for carrying off any condensed vapour at b*.
Figure 2A shows two slightly different modifications or constructions of this
lower part of the outlet and inlet air ventilating tubes a, b, as fitted near the
ceiling of an apartment having the outlet orifices c¹, c₁ a little below the ceiling,
the one c¹ projecting the current of fresh air up towards the ceiling through annular
openings c', so as to be deflected and diffused down off it again through the apart-
ment, and the other c¹¹ directing it more along the surface of the ceiling, also
through annular openings, preferably contracted at the outlet to give it force, but
otherwise much similar to that shown in Figure 2.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 show sectional elevations of different modifications in the
details of construction of my said revolving ventilating cowl A with air-tight
liquid joint J from that described in reference to and shown in Figure 4 of the
Drawings of my said former Patent, or in Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 1 of the
accompanying Drawings, for producing uptake or outward discharge ventilation;
and that shown in Figure 6 has the discharge end B2 of the hood curved upwards,
and preferably widening outwards so as to discharge freely in that upward direction.
A light hinged or other equivalent balanced or free-acting valve at 61 is shown as
fitted at the front end of the internal cross tube 62 on the top of the uptake tube a
(or 6 in Figures 1 and 2, and instead of the cone 6¹¹) to prevent the acting current
passing forward through the top 62, but allow it to pass backwards when a blown-
down draught takes place, so as to prevent this going down the uptake pipe a.
Figures 7 and 7 A have a perforated or wire gauze cover 6³, or a blind end fitted
on the back b³ of the cross tube 62 to prevent back draught or the passage of dust
with the air, while its front end is not contracted at the opening behind the conical
front guard b, and when thus made the same size as the guard 6" an angled ring
or rim may be left all round its back edge at 6 in Figure 7A to deflect and prevent
the outer current of air in either direction entering the opening behind the guard 6¹¹.
In Figure 8 the conical end 611 is shown close to or attached to the front end of the
internal cross tube 62, but the back part of this is shown perforated with small holes
as well as the back end 63 which is made in the form of a conical rose, all for the
free emission of the foul air or noxious gases through these small holes by the
induced action of the outer air blowing past them within the outer swivelling
top B.
Figure 9 shows a sectional elevation of a revolving induction cowl or hood B
with inlet orifice B¹¹¹ entering the neck below the outlet or discharge expanding
bend B³ on top, equivalent to that patented by E. T. Noualhier, No. 866, and dated
26th March 1862, but shown as fitted with my fluid-tight joint J on the pipe a at
the lower end of the hood or top B below the inlet and outlet ducts B1, B³, so as
'to make this a more complete ventilator or cowl by insuring a greater suction in
the uptake pipe a.
Figure 94 shows a vertical section of a ventilating cowl B slightly modified
from that shown in Figure 9, having a straight or vertical expanding discharge
pipe and orifice B4 with a conical weather guard B5 mounted on top to allow of the
free outlet ventilation, and yet prevent back draughts or the admission of rain or
snow down the pipes B, a, this cowl being fitted with a vane B behind for the
purpose of keeping the inlet orifice B" to the wind.
When the top end of the uptake shaft or pipe a is led up into and fitted with a
fixed or stationary hood A (without an internal tube b), as seen in the vertical
sections, Figures 10 and 11, the top end of the pipe a may be bevelled to one or
both sides, and fitted with one or two light flap valves & or other equivalent easily
opened and closed, but with a stop hinge or arin, and counterbalanced so as to act
automatically and open with the slightest draught upwards, and close when that
ceases, or with the least back draught.
2

page_text: Figures 12, 13, and 14 show vertical sections of slightly different arrangements
of this single automatically acting discharge valve d from that shown in Figure 10
fitted to an expanding discharge orifice a³; and Figure 15 shows two valves d (as
in Figure 11), but closing on the side of a V shaped end orifice, and opening up
against a stop d¹ between them.
Figure 16 shows the discharge end of the pipe or shaft a projecting some con-
siderable distance up with the openings formed on two or more of its sides and top
ends bevelled, as shown, and fitted with single or duplex hinged light flap
closing lids d², or it might be a flexible fabric, which would close on the side from
which the wind or outer air is blowing, and open on the other side by the joint
action of the outer air and the upward flowing current, and all close when there
was no outflow with the slightest blow down; and this construction and valve
arrangement might be either fitted within a stationary uptake cowl A (as at
Figures 10 and 11) or made to act as an uptake or blow-down preventing cowl
itself.
When these valves d are fitted within stationary cowls A it is preferred to fit
these tops A portably to lift off or hinge when requiring to be opened up for
inspection or repairing the valves or their fittings, a spring or other catch securing
the lid when replaced to prevent its being blown off; and these stationary uptake
cowls A may be made nearly cylindrical or circular, as shown in the horizontal
sections, Figures 4, 44, and 4B, or square, as shewn in Figure 4°, or of other
polygonal form, as lozenge or diamond shaped, as shown in Figures 17 or 18, which
are modifications of the uptake cowl. described in reference to and shown in
Figure 10 of the Specification and Drawings of my said former Patent, with à
triangular or V shaped vertical rail or band of perforated sheet metal in the middle
outlet openings of the inner case instead of the lozenge bark, shown in the Drawings
of my former Patent.
.
Figures 19 and 20 show a vertical elevation and a horizontal section taken on
the line 1-1 in the former Figure of a stationary ventilating uptake cowl A
and its uptake shaft or duct a, both divided up the centre with vertical transverse
webs or vanes e, so as to divide these into two, three, four, or other number of
isolated ducts e¹ the whole way up, and lead any corresponding number of branch
pipes or tubes, as e¹¹, into these, as say from different apartments to be ventilated,
or from different gaslights of a room or of a gaselier to convey the hot vitiated
gases therefrom.
Figures 21 and 22 are a vertical section and a plan respectively of a construction
of fixed uptake cowl or ventilator F suitable for being made of wood or sheet
metal for large sizes with vertical angled or louver boards finstead of horizontal,
as heretofore, across the two open sides, with the boards angled towards each other
from each close end F¹, and a triangular or V shaped board or bar in the centre
space, and with curved or straight baffle boards F" across the front of and some
little distance out from the face of the louver boards f, all so as to insure the out-
flow and ventilation of the vitiated air up the centre shaft a by the out air passing
the end openings f' or through these and the spaces between the louver boards f,
and the outer guard or baffle boards F", all as indicated by the arrows in these
Figures.
By another arrangement (instead of using a blow-down, cowl B and central.
tube b, as shown in Figures 1 and 2) for assisting the uptake of the vitiated gases
in the shaft a a lower part g, or it might be the lower inlet end of the uptake
shaft a, near the ceiling of the apartment, as shown in Figure 10, may be closed
in at g¹ round, a central inlet or uptake tube or nozzle (as C) of the uptake pipe a,
so as to form an annular chamber g all round this part C, which admits the foul
gases up to the outlet shaft a or cowl A, while the outer air in this arrangement is
admitted by the tube g¹¹, or it might be tubes, as between the joints from any side
or sides of the house, so as to be forced into the annular space g all round the
central tube C, and be deflected up the uptake shaft a and act on and assist the

page_text: outflow of the foul air through the u
upper end of the tube C, each tube g" being
fitted with a valve gs, which would open on the side from which the wind is
blown, and close by its weight when not forced open by the outer air; or the air
may be forced into the tubes or ducts g1 by any suitable air fanners or blowers
in use.
When these valves g² or the top valve d are not used or are kept open the
double or reverse dotted-in cone gl may be fitted some little distance above the
top of the central inlet tube C to assist the free uptake of the foul air, and at
the same time prevent a blow-down by deflecting the down current out through
the said lateral inlet tubes g², all as shown at the lower part of this arrangement in
Figure 10, a tap or plug g being fitted at the bottom of this chamber g to draw off
any condensed vapour or water which may collect there.
Figure 23 is a vertical section of an arrangement of uptake ventilating shaft
surmounted by a stationary uptake cowl A, but it might be with one of my
improved revolving uptake cowls B, with liquid, luted, air-tight joint J, herein-
before referred to, and directly led up from the centre opening C of the ceiling of a
room, over a raising and lowering gaselier H, with two, or it might be three, or
more gas-light branches H', with conducting tubes h over each light, and having
their upper ends led parallelly up into the lower wide part C of the uptake shaft a,
and secured to the stalk of the gaselier H above, so as to rise and fall with it, the
gas tube being led down through the centre C to the stalk of the gaselier.
The lower end of each tube h is formed with a small widening-out cone or
inverted filler h¹ over each gas-light and glass globe I formed with an improved
constracted or conoidal top i, to lead the vitiated hot gaseous products of combustion
from the gas-light up the tube h into the uptake shaft a, all as indicated by the
arrows in the Figure, and so as to cast as small a shadow upwards to the ceiling z
as possible.
Figure 24 shows a vertical section of an arrangement for ventilation over the
centre of a room gaselier H, much similar to that shown and described in reference-
to Figure 23, except that the shaft a for drawing off the vitiated air and gases is
led away from the central opening C, in a lateral direction close above the ceiling or
under the floor above, suitable for circumstances where it cannot be carried direct
up to the hood, to which it may be led up a side wall or otherwise, as found con-
venient; the upper parts of the tubes h are here shown as working up through the
stationary conducting tubes h" projecting down below the ceiling z.
The opening C, which may also draw off the upper hot or bad air of the room,
may be fitted with an open or close lid C", with holes in it for the pipe h or h¹¹ to
pass through, and, if wished, with any sized opening or hole in the centre for
drawing off the air from the room, all as shown in the detached section.
Figure 26 shows a vertical section of an arrangement of ventilator for a rising
and lowering gaselier H, in which the ventilating tube h, h¹, from each light and
globe I, i, is carried straight up, and made to rise and lower freely within the
lower ends of the branch pipes el brought down vertically from the uptake shaft a
for that purpose, and for conveying the heated waste gases thereto, either isolated
by the ducts e¹ and vanes e, as described in reference to Figures 19 and 20, or not,
as preferred; and the lower ends of these tubes e¹¹, where they pass through the
ceiling z, may be fitted with a hanging and isolating tube h¹ to prevent overheating
or the chance of igniting the adjacent woodwork. While for ventilating the
room, a tube a² may be led up through the ceiling to the lower part of the same
uptake shaft a (which carries off the waste gases from the lights) and have a valve
fitted on its lower open end C² actuated by a cord or other equivalent, as desired,
all as dotted in in Figure 26; or, instead of this arrangement, the bad air of the
room may be drawn off by a separate shaft a³ with a cowl of its own above, and
have its lower open end brought flush with or a little below the ceiling, and fitted
with a flat and preferably ornamental valve C¹¹, preferably having cloth, india-
rubber, or other equivalent on its face to make an air-tight joint, or other equi-

page_text: valent, carried or raised and lowered by a hand chain or cord C³ to regulate the
outflow and proper ventilation of the apartment, all as indicated in dotted lines and
by the arrows in Figure 26, and shown to a large scale in Figure 27.
Figure 28 is a vertical section of a different arrangement for leading off the waste
gases from the different lights by the branches ell, all connected to the small uptake
pipe e led up the centre of the main uptake pipe a which conveys away the hot
or vitiated air from the room by the open exit centre C in the ceiling z to the
stationary cowl A on top, which in this case has a separating division e³ some
distance from the top, and up to which division the internal pipe e¹¹¹ is led to main-
tain the isolated system of conveying off the gases from the lights and from the
room separately, either or both of which ducts a or ell may be fitted with regulating
valves, as C at the lower end of the pipe a.
Figure 29 shows a vertical section of a simple arrangement of uptake shaft a
suited for ventilating the room by the open end C below, and for drawing off the
waste gases from a plain branch pendant H" or fixed bracket lights H" by con-
ducting the branch tubes c¹¹ from each globe I into the shaft a, either surmounted
by a conical protecting weather cap B5 or a cowl A, as in Figure 30, which shows a
method of casing-in and at the same time contracting the upper part of the hot-air
pipe a by an outer protecting pipe ax to prevent all risk of danger by the over-
heating of the pipes.
Figures 31 to 36 show sections of several modifications or constructions and
improved shapes of glass globes I, suited for my improved system of ventilating
gas-lights and rooms thereby; a very inlet cone h¹ is fitted on the lower end
of the conducting tube h to prevent the casting of large shadows; and Figures
34, 35, and 36, show ordinary forms of glass globes I, with new glass, opal, or
other conical chimneys I¹ fitted over them, for conducting the gases to the lower
end h' of the tubes h, with various ways of securing these I¹ and h' suited for
stationary and movable tubes 11; but in Fig. 34 the chimney I¹. is set or retained
in position on the top of the globe I by an interior rim or other means, and
Figure 31 A shows a ventilating globe I, i, as arranged for a passage or outside gas
jet with a small ventilator or cap I", supported by a wire frame or other equivalent
from the globe I to insure ventilation, and prevent the wind or rain passing down
the funnel of the globe I.
Figures 37 and 38 are a sectional elevation and a plan of a gallery or globe
holder I for carrying and securing these globes I, and made with a recess 12, or
other equivalent, to retain a glass disc or washer I in the centre, rather smaller
in diameter than the bottom of the globe to leave a sufficient annular space I³ all
round to admit the air to the gas jet, and this disc or washer I may, when desired,
be made of obscured or coloured glass to soften the light.
When desired the uptake currents in their outflow ducts a may be assisted or
insured, either in conjunction with or without the use of the single or double cowls
herein-before referred to by currents of air or gases, or it might be steam, water,
or other fluid introduced by annular jets or cylindrical jets through lateral or other
branches led into the pipes a, as indicated at g, g¹¹, in Figures 10, 23, and 24, from
any ordinary blower or source of pressure.
Figures 39 and 40 show two arrangements in vertical section for conducting the
fresh air into houses and apartments thereof by a down-draught pipe b, b, with
regulating valves D, D', inside, surmounted on top above the roof ¹ of the house
by either a blow-down cowl B, J, or other fixed cowl B₁, B", Figure. 3, or an
ordinary weather cap B to prevent the admission of rain or snow. The lower
ends of these air inlet pipes b have mounted over them vessels j, of glass, porcelain,
metal, or other material, either hung by chains or other equivalent to the ceiling
or to the pipes b, either fixed or movable up or down, and preferably with a
cover j and faucet branch to direct the current upwards towards the ceiling z, 2,
to assist in diffusing the air through the room, or a cover j' with tapered or jet
holes may be mounted all over it for the better directing and diffusing of the inlet
fresh air, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 41, and thus prevent draughts being

page_text: felt in the apartment. The lower part of this vessel j may contain cool water up
to near the lower end of the pipe b, and which may have aromatics or disinfectants
mixed therewith to moisten and perfume the air admitted when desired, as it
impinges on the liquid and passes into the room.
A perforated or gauze frame division j¹ may be mounted higher up the vessel j
to have broken ice laid on it in summer to cool the air as it passes up through it,
and charcoal or sponge or other porous substance may be laid on this shaft j",
saturated with disinfectants or scented liquids to purify and sweeten the air as it
enters the room, as more particularly indicated in Figure 41, and a screw plug or
stop-cock may be fitted in the lowest central part of the vessel j to draw off the
liquids as required.
Referring to the several modifications and arrangements illustrated on Sheet 2
of the Drawings, Figure 42 represents the sectional elevation of a house, showing
four different apartments Z, Z, Z", and Z¹¹, showing different modifications and
arrangements of my improvements in ventilation as applied thereto, all in accor-
dance with and illustrative of the practical application of my said Invention, and
from which selections may be made to suit particular circumstances and cases.
In these rooms several adaptations or arrangements of movable and stationary
gaseliers and fixed gas-light brackets are shown at G and G', and their improved
ventilating fittings, all substantially as described in reference to Figures 23, 24,
and 29, on Sheet 1, for ventilating rooms and gas-lights up through the central
openings C and uptake pipes a from the ceiling or below it, as in the two rooms
Zu, Z, the said pipes a being all led up separately to branch into several ducts
at el, el, in the common shaft at a*, leading up to the uptake cow! A, and fitted
with valve d on top, all as described in reference to Figures 10, 19, and 20, of
Sheet 1 of the Drawings. In the rooms Z, Z, the fresh air is shown as led in
through horizontal pipes c¹11 from the side of the house or down from an inlet blown
in mouth-piece or cowl c¹ above the roof 2¹ of the house so as to enter the rooms by
the pipes b and vessels j, all as indicated by the arrows in the Figures, and
described in reference to Figures 39 to 41 on Sheet 1, a slightly different modifi-
cation of the vessel j being shown in detached section in Figure 43; or otherwise,
by another improvement, the fresh air may be admitted at an angle through angled
jet-like holes, narrowing inwards in the joint part of the adjacent rails in the middle
of the window sashes, as indicated by the arrow at D2 in the room Z¹. The air
might also be admitted to any apartment, as shown at G3, G4, by a pipe from the
side of the house led in above the ceiling at G³ in the room Z", and led down by
an annular pipe G', fitted all round the drawing-off pipe a of the gaselier at G, the
lower end of the annular pipe being turned up so as to distribute the fresh air
upwards and outwards through the room.
The outer fresh air when desired to be heated before entering the room might be
allowed to enter from the outside of the house up through a vertical pipe G³, erected
in a close or metal chamber built into the wall, and shown opening into the room Z
at the upper end, and fitted with a regulating valve, the pipe G5 being heated by a
gas jet lighted below it, within the lower end of the close chamber, which is fitted
with a close door, made partly of glass, if desired, in front of the gas branch for lighting
it, air being admitted to support combustion by a small pipe G from the outside,
fitted with a regulating tap, the burnt air getting exit at the small pipe G7 at top.
By another arrangement the air to be admitted to the house and its several
apartments may be heated by a special close stove L for the purpose, with close air-
heating chamber placed in an apartment below, as shown at Z, L; or it might
be in the hall or lobby, or other convenient part in or close to the house. The
fresh air may be led to the heating chamber of the stove from the side of the house
or other convenient place, by the pipe L, L", and led from the stove, after being
heated by the several pipes 7 led up inside the walls, and branching into the several
rooms by lateral branches at l', fitted with valves, which are regulated by cords or
other equivalent inside each room. The fresh or heated air from the hall or lobby
of the house may be led into the rooms by a channel or opening ", and a hinged

page_text: shutter or valve 12 on its inside, so as to close or open it by a cord or other equivalent,
all as indicated in dotted lines in the room Z¹¹, and in the detached transverse
section, Figure 44.
.
To prevent the outlet ventilating pipe or pipes of a room from acting as down-
draught pipes to supply the fire and chimney with air, as when a large fire is on, a
special pipe G² may be put in to convey a supply of fresh air from the outside, as
indicated in connection with the fire-place in the room Z, and fitted with a
regulating valve or cock, to prevent or counteract the said down draught.
Figure 45 shows a vertical section of a means of heating greenhouses, conser-
vatories, and other enclosures, by means of my improved closed-in chimney
globes I, i, with ventilating tubes 6, 61, fitted above them, surmounted by a weather
or blow-down preventing cap B, or it might be a ventilator A, the air being supplied
to the bottom of the globe I to support combustion, preferably by an air tube Go
with a regulating tap.
Figure 46 shows a detached transverse section of a ventilating valve chamber
and valve lid m in front, for drawing off the vitiated air and gases from a room
into the chimney G₁, and fitted into a channel m' leading thereto, indicated also in
dotted lines in the room Z, this valve being here fitted with my improved hooked
lever m, for acting behind the balanced or automatically-acting valve lid m to
close it, and also steady or regulate the full distance; it is allowed to open at any
time by the action of a cord attached to the inner weighted arm of this regulating
lever m¹, or other equivalent.
Figures 47 to 52 show vertical sections of various improved arrangements of my
before-mentioned patent fluid-tight jointed ventilating cowl B, J, and shown as fitted
with automatically wind-acting fans N, O, for assisting the uptake and discharge
of the vitiated air up their hollow shaft a from the rooms of houses or other close
places requiring efficient ventilation without down draught. Figures 47, 48, and 49,
show arrangements of horizontal fans N placed in a close case n in the plane of the
discharge mouth B, with their spindles n¹ each mounted in their bearings in the
vertical centre line of the uptake neck of the cowl B, J. That shown in Figure 47
is driven direct by an ordinary horizontal windmill or wheel O, with angled vanes o all
round its periphery, and mounted on the upper end of the fan spindle n¹ outside
and above the cowl B, J, so that the wind from any direction always drives the
fan N, mounted on the same spindle, at the same speed as it, the rising or ascending
air and gases entering the fan chamber by its lower eye n².
The arrangement shown in Figure 48 is similar to Figure 47, except that the
driving wind wheel O is mounted on a spindle o of its own, and which is geared to
the spindle n² of the fan N by the large wheel O" and pinion n¹¹ on their spindles
respectively, so as to actuate the fan N at a greater speed than the windmill O
when desired; while in the arrangement shown in Figure 49 the fan N is actuated
in a corresponding manner by a bevel wheel O and pinion n", the former being
keyed on the horizontal or it might be angled shaft o¹ of a radial angled screw vane
face windmill or wheel O¹, always with its face turned in the direction to the wind
by the cowl and wind vane B, B, so that the wind always acts on the face of the
vanes and turns the fan N through the gearing n", o", at a high speed.
Figures 50 and 51 show an arrangement of vertical fan N¹ mounted over the
centre of the uptake throat a of the cowl B, J, on the middle of its horizontal
spindle n', working out through journal bearings in the outer case n² of the fan
and cowl, and having mounted on each outer end a side or edge acting windmill or
wheel O, with screw angled vanes o curved axial and circumferential to turn in
the same direction, with the wind acting on their edges turned in that direction by
the wind vane B6 and the cowl mouth B, placed above the open side of the fan
case n, the uptake air and gases entering this by the two side channels n³ and
eyes n² is blown out by the action of the fan N¹ through the discharge mouth B above,
to leeward, with the outer air, all indicated by the arrows in the several Figures.
Figure 52 shows an arrangement much similar to that described in reference to
Figures 50 and 51, but it is for use where heated or forced air or gases, or other

page_text: fluids, are used separate from those ascending the shaft a, and conducted up separate
pipes, as e¹ or h (and described in reference to the several Figures 10, 19, 20, 23, and
24), which would be carried up the shaft a above the channels n³, entering the fan
by the eyes n, so that their upper open ends e¹ would direct the inducing gases or
fluids through a nozzle-shaped opening n in the lower close part of the case n, so
as to impinge on the acting radial side of the vanes or blades of the fan N, so as to
drive it or assist in doing so when used with the outer acting wind wheels 0¹¹,
before described.
Although these fans N, N¹, N, Figures 47 to 52, have only been described as
fitted on swivelling cowls to be driven automatically by the wind, still it is to be
understood that they might be fitted in connection with the lower stationary parts
of the uptake shafts a, or channels leading thereto, in which case they may be
driven by hand or foot; or by ordinary arrangements of driving cords, bands, or
gearing from mechanical, wound up, spring, or weighted motive machines; or jets
of steam, compressed air, or other pressure fluids; or by steam, water, air, or gas
engines; or electric or magnetic motors.
When spring or weighted motive machines are used, say, in connection with the
ventilating shafts a of a room or hall, it is preferred to place these machines a few
feet above the floor in a recess of the wall, where they could be easily got at to be
wound up, while the weight could rise and fall nearly the height of the room in or
alongside said recess; or in a special recess for itself; or the machines and weight or
weights may be otherwise placed as most suitable.
Figure 53 shows a vertical section of an arrangement for working one of these
ventilating fans N or N' as and for the purposes herein-before stated, and it consists
in mounting an angled vane motive wheel 08 with a close case 03, but on the same
spindle as the fan N2 (or it might be a spindle of its own geared thereto by
wheels or other equivalent, as in Figure 48). The wheel O2 is driven by a small
regular jet of compressed air conducted by the pipe and nozzle 02, 0³, from an
improved pressure air holder P, P¹, controlled by a tap or valve o¹¹. This new or
improved air-pressure vessel P, P¹, is for acting as an accumulator for giving off a
high-pressure stream of air or other fluid more regularly than can be done by
ordinary fanners or blowers and pumps for the working of ventilating fans and
their motors, N2, O2, Figure 53, or other small machines, without requiring a great
height or depth of the vessel P or its pressure-tight liquid joint chamber. This
pressure accumulating vessel P is formed of a deep outer case P, open above, with
an internal case P¹¹ somewhat smaller and jointed tight to the bottom of the outer
vessel P, so as to leave an annular chamber P below the outer and inner case as
high or deep as will represent rather more than the pressure required in inches of
mercury, so that this chamber may be filled with this liquid metal without being
wholly emptied by the pressure. This inner case P¹ has preferably near its top
edge a close end P2, through which the inlet air-pressure pipe p, led from any
ordinary force pump, is entered, and jointed with a check valve p¹ fitted on its inlet
open end, the outlet tube o² being similarly jointed through the end P2, so as to
allow of the free outlet of the pressure fluid when the tap or valve ol is opened.
The actual accumulator or receiving and giving-off vessel consists of the inverted
close top and cylindrical case P¹, with its under open mouth working down into the
annular chamber of mercury Pi, and being loaded with weights Ps on the top to
the pressure desired, rises and falls according to the air forced in and drawn off,
which has thus always a uniform pressure or force.
The compressed air jet in Fig. 53 may also be used to drive an archimedian screw,
with or without gearing, as in Fig. 53 A; or a water or steam jet may be used
instead.
Figures 54 to 58 show various sections of improved chimney cans and fittings
more particularly designed and suitable for being made in fire-clay or other ordinary
clays for the better ventilation of chimneys, or air and gas uptake shafts with
these, than has heretofore been obtained, the intention being that the area of
chimneys may with advantage be made much smaller than is general at present,

page_text: Figure 54 shows a simple construction of straight, expanding, conical, or poly-
gonal body Q, widening upwards from the bottom, which is formed with a plain,
round, or polygonal sole or supporting flange g and spigot q¹ for entering the chimney.
head or shaft to be ventilated.
Figures 55 and 56 show a vertical section and plan of a cam very similar to
Figure 54, but with a short cylindrical piece or cap Q somewhat larger than the out-
side of the wide top of the body Q, where it is secured on projecting brackets or
snugs q² a little below the top, or perfectly thinned-off lip or edge of the body Q,
where a narrow annular space q is left between them, having a double cone Qu
with supporting and steadying wings or feathers q" mounted on the top within the
cap Q, all so as to give a free outlet of the smoke or gases up the lower side of the
cone Q and between it and the cap Q¹; while in the case of a blow down, the
upper surface of the cone would deflect the wind and smoke down through the
annular space q³ and out under the cap Q, all as shown and indicated by the
arrows.
Figure 57 shows a curvilinear expanding body Q2, with a double or reverso
angled ring q all round its upper outer edge, with a large flat bottomed conical
weather cap supported some distance above the open top of the can Q³, so that
a free outflow is provided and all down draught prevented.
Figure 58 shows a large preferably expanding hood Q³ mounted on snugs q² outside
of and continued considerably above the top of the can Q; this hood Q³ being per-
forated all round with holes q near the top, which is fitted with a portable end.on
top of a flat or other raised form, preferably also perforated the same as the sides,
all so as to give a free outlet to the smoke with little risk of a blow down, the wind
gliding past the holes and assisting the outward suction of the smoke; the lid or
top Q affording ready access for examining or cleaning without removing the
hood Q³.
Figure 59 shows an ordinary form of the commonest red-clay can Q2 Q³, with
the improved double cone Q1, made of fire-clay or other clay, having feathers
or rests q attached to it, so that it can be readily fitted to said can Q2 by merely
resting upon it, which will make these cans act all much as shown and described in
reference to Figures 55 and 56.
---
Figure 60 shows a vertical section and corresponding cross section, taken on the
lines 3 3 in the former, of an improved construction of fire-clay or other clay
pipes G, such as used for chimneys and uptake ventilating shafts a, with a new
faucet or, it might be, spigot lateral branch g' formed on it, preferably made wide
in the direction of the diameter of the pipe a, but narrow in the direction of its
length; this new branch g' being used for giving the power of casily and tightly
jointing branch pipes thereto, for leading in the bad air and gases from rooms fitted
with valves, as shown and described at m, m¹, m¹¹, in reference to Figures 42
and 46; or it might be for the connecting of the pipes h, h¹, for gas-lights, or for
jets of forced air or gases to assist the uptake draught of the shafts a.
Figure 60 A shows a vertical section of uptake hood or cowl somewhat analogous
in principle and mode of action to that described and shown in Figure 16 on.
Sheet 1, but suitable for being made of sheet metal or formed on the top of a plain
cylindrical uptake shaft as a, and consists in forming a ring of lateral openings or
perforations a through the four opposite sides of the hood part a round some little
distance down from the close weather cap a¹, and covering these tubes by seg-
mental plates a³, or the outside with carrying stems a projecting inwards and
carried by wires a or other equivalent, from the inside of the top of the cowl, so
that as the current ascends up the shaft a it opens these plates a³ and passes out
by the holes at on the sides from which the wind is not blowing, thus blowing the
segments close to the cowl and closing the holes a' on that side, and so preventing
all down draughts.
Referring to the several Figures on Sheet 3, Figure 61 is a vertical section of a
house, showing various adaptations of my improvements in ventilation as applied
to four different rooms Z3, Z³, Z, and Z³, thereof. In-room-Z³ a complete arrange...

page_text: ment of gaselier.at G is shown as suitable for the upper rooms of a house, or for a
hall, school, or other building, with the gas-lights ventilating up through their own
set of branch pipes h¹, e¹¹, and uptake shaft a and cowl A outside above the ridge
of the house; and the vitiated air and gases of the room are drawn off by their own
separate shaft or shafts a³, with controlling valve C at the lower end C and
ceiling 2, and uptake hood A on the top end, outside on the ridge or platform z' of
the roof, all so far much similar to that described in reference to the detached views
Figures 1 and 2, and 26 and 27; but as regards the ventilating of the gas-lights,
their straight tubes h, h³, are attached to and rise and fall with the gaselier H, the
upper parts h of these tubes working up through the lower vertical parts h¹¹ of the
branch tubes e above, with condensed vapour trap a¹, a', fitted on the lower part
of each tube e¹ and h, h¹, the same as shown in Figure 2, brought down through
short tubes in the ceiling z, these branch fittings being situated within the attic
space below the roof ¹, and so easily got at for examination and repair. The fresh
air is shown as admitted to this room Z2 by the centre joint of the window sashes
at D2 by raising the under sash a little and inserting a properly-shaped parallel
angled transverse bar D³, with cloth or a strip or tube of india-rubber or other soft
or elastic substance along its upper and lower face to make the joints both air-tight
by shutting the bottom edge of the lower sash close down on this bar D³, as seen in
the detached section Figure 62, and so leave an opening at D', which admits the
fresh air as indicated by the arrow.
In the room Z³ an arrangement for fitting and ventilating gaslights within a
fixed hanging single globe I, i, is shown at G, the globe I being hung by its gallery
12, preferably with glass bottom 11 to the lower end of the gas tube C¹, surrounded
by a protecting tube resting on it below, both of these tubes passing up the centre
of a long ventilating pipe h, h', secured to the top of a short tube h1, passing
through the ceiling with the gas pipe C' passed down through the centre tube,
above which the tube h is preferred to be contracted at a, a, and led up close to or
through a part of the uptake shaft a³ for ventilating the room through the valve
C, this pipe as being fitted to suit the position of the pipe a, so that this pipe a may
when desired be used to heat the foul air ascending in the pipe as from the room,
and so when the apartment is lighted, make the hot waste gases from the gas-lights
assist the ventilation of the room while maintaining the isolation system of ventila-
tion through their respective uptake pipes a, a³, and cowls A, A, fitted on these
outside and above the ridge or platform Z', Z', of the house. In the room Z* a
rising and falling gaselier is shown at G with a simple means of leading the tubes
h, h¹, from the gas-lights and globes I up into a horizontal pipe h¹¹¹, having its outlet
end hs opening into the valve box m, m³, m¹¹, Figure 46, for ventilating the room
into the chimney G₁ of the fire G³, the ventilation of which is here shown as
assisted or capable of being regulated by a short pipe G2 brought in through the
wall at the back of the fire, and preferably fitted with a balanced automatically
acting valve on its inner open end.
An ordinary gill stove is shown at L2.in the apartment below room Z³, for
heating the air led as indicated by the arrows at L³ up into the hall or lobby /¹¹¹,
from which it may be admitted to any of the rooms desired by an opening 1³,
preferably about seven feet up in the side wall of the room to distribute the air with-
out down draughts, and this opening 13 may be fitted with a valve, as seen at 111, 12,
in Figure 44, the arrows indicating the direction of the air and gases in all these
ducts.
The apartment indicated at Zo shows an arrangement of exercise, sitting, or other
room for the ventilation thereof, which may be advantageous for asthmatic or
other delicate persons troubled with lung and chest or other complaints, or for
other purposes where it would be beneficial to have an abnormal pressure or
temperature of the air within the room, considerably above that of the rest of the
house or atmosphere outside. And the arrangements consist in making all the
entrances into the room (as seen in the horizontal section, Figure Z, A, of the
room Z³, Figure 61), with double doors R', R", to open and close either on hinges

page_text: or rolling with strips of india-rubber, or other equivalent, at all their bearing
edges, or the doors might slide in metal frames so as to be as nearly as possible air-
tight as indicated at R, with a close chamber space between them for the persons
to go in and out of the room; and the close channel r or press-like window with
inner and outer doors r¹, 11, for handing meat and other things through, into, and
out of the room without the person requiring to pass in and out of the room.
The recesses R, r, between the doors might be made in the form of wall boxes
as small as convenient for the purposes required, to cause as little loss of air
as possible each time the doors or meat channel have to be opened, as the full
of the chamber R or r must escape each time, the first door opened being
closed before opening the other, the person or article remaining in the intermediate
space R or during the closing of the one door and the opening of the other, both
outer doors opening into a convenient part of the hall or lobby as L of the house.
The window L' might be made of a single sheet of strong plate glass strengthened
by cross bars or a frame; a single frame of iron or wood for smaller panes of glass
might be used in either case, and strong enough to stand the pressure to be pro-
duced in the room, and all jointed air-tight into the solid wall, or the frame might
be made in the form of a wall box jointed air-tight all round in the wall as that of
the door frames or chambers R, r. And the walls of such a room would also
require to be extra strong and air-tight as well as the ceiling z, z, and floor, and
for this purpose these might all be faced with ceinent, asphalte, sheet metal, or
strong boarding with calked joints, or with strips of india-rubber in the joints.
A proper outlet ventilating and regulated valve chest V would be fitted in the
centre of the ceiling z, z, or other convenient part, having the entrance covered in
preferably with an open ornamental disc, and the valve lid loaded to the pressure
desired, and made large enough to allow of a free escape for safety and for venti-
lation, opening into a convenient free discharge duct led to the outside of the
house.
The ventilation of the gas-lights and globes as shown at I, would be effected up
through their tubes h, h', fitted with loaded or hand regulating valve d on the
upper open end of each tube h, to allow of the free escape of all the waste products
of combustion within the globe, just sufficient to allow the gas to burn properly,
and lead off the deleterious gases into the chaunel V¹.
The fresh air is supplied by a pipe, as M, led from suitable air-forcing pumps and
engines placed in the ground flat of the house, or other convenient part in or near
it, preferably led from a pressure accumulator on through a vessel with cotton or
with diaphragms of flannel or other suitable porous material, to prevent the passage
of dust with the air, and thus cleanse it before entering the chamber Z³, through
the upper end or branch M¹ of the pipe M, preferably led in at an angle upwards,
and fitted with a loaded self-acting valve D³ or other valve or equivalent, which,
with the regulating valve V, would approximately maintain the pressure within
the chamber desired, and the fresh air might be heated by passing the conducting
pipes M in a coil or otherwise through a close steam or hot water vessel, or through
hot chambers of stoves or fires; or the purified cool fresh air may be admitted into
the room, which latter might be heated by hot water pipes or otherwise. The arrows
in the several parts and ducts or channels in Figure 61 indicate the direction of the
currents in these where shown.
Figures 63 to 66 show sections of several modifications or constructions of jet
apparatus for inducing air and gas ventilating currents through the uptake or
discharge pipes a in the several arrangements and applications of ventilators herein
described, and shown in the Drawings, as in Figures 10, 23, and 24, or for producing
forced regular currents for driving the arrangement of ventilating fans, Figures 47
to 53, herein described and shown.
Figure 63 shows a T double branched nozzle g, g', g", for introducing the small
high-pressure forcing jet of air, steam, or other fluid into the centre of the inducing'
branch pipe a, a, a, through which the air or gases have to be drawn or forced
for the said ventilating purposes.

page_text: Figure 64 shows a straight parallel ventilating pipe a with inducing double
cone g¹¹, and widened annular chamber g' formed round it in the pipe a, with the
nozzle g of the jet forcing pipe g" led into the centre of the pipe a, some little dis-
tance back from the cone g₁ to accelerate the velocity of the air and gases towards
and through the annular space g*, small tubes with taps, as g³, being fitted to the
lowest part of the pipe a for drawing off any condensed vapour or water which may
lodge there.
Figures 65 and 66 show two vertical arrangements of uptake pipes a, a, with a
central nozzle C within a straight enlarged part g, and having the central nozzle g
in the former Figure led in from its pressure jet, forcing pipe gl above or in front
of the nozzle C, while in the latter Figure this nozzle or jet is led into the centre
of the nozzle C to induce and accelerate the flow of the air and gases through this
inducing part of the pipe a and contracted part go in the latter Figure, all as
indicated by the arrows in these several Figures 63 to 66.
Figure 67 shows the application of a nozzle g, g, for drawing the fluids from
three or more branches a, a, a, out through one branch or discharge pipe a³, and
when desired, any or all of these branch line of pipes may be fitted with taps or
valves to shut them wholly or partially when desired.
Figure 67A is a modification of Figure 67.
Figure 41A is a section of a ventilating pipe and fresh air inlet in a different
position than Figure 41.
Referring to the several Figures on Sheet 4, Figure 68. is a diagram arrangement
in vertical section showing the practical application or mode of putting in my
improved drop or cascade ventilating trap A, B, C, D, and fittings as indicated in
vertical section at 4 and 5 in this Figure, consists in fitting over the cleaning
faucets C and 1 of the inlet chamber or well A, and that over the discharge bend D
of this syphon trap for soil and drain pipes a, suitable length of fire-clay or other
pipes C, 1, as will reach to the level of the ground, where the former is fitted
with a grating C" to allow the surface water to pass down through it, or a current
of air to pass down back the drain pipe B and up the ventilating pipe B¹ to escape
above the roof of the house by a ventilating pipe, and with an uptake cowl when
desired.
The pipe C above the well C may be fitted with a hinged or other balanced
valve, which would open inwards and close with a draught upwards, and so prevent
the escape of foul air or gases from the soil or drain pipes. The pipe and chamber 1¹
is also closed in on top by an outer iron plate or frame 1" at the level of the ground,
with an inner fire-clay or other lid 1 jointed air-tight a little below the plate, as
seen particularly in the enlarged sectional view, Figure 69. This pipe and chamber 1',
when required, may be formed with a lateral faucet branch b for jointing to a
ventilating pipe 6' for ventilating the sewer or the house drain B, or other drain or
pipe. And when desired a lateral branch, as c, may also be formed in the pipe C¹,
for fitting a ventilating pipe c¹ thereto when desired, as shown in dotted lines at
the trap 4, both pipes 6¹ and c¹ being led up above the roof of the house or other
convenient part through an uptake cowl or hood, as shown, and all as indicated by
the arrows in the Figure.
Figure 68A shows a mode of adınitting air to the trap A, B, C, D, by a side
channel at some distance from the trap.
The branches b and c may be fitted to any desired height and turned to any
angle required to suit the direction of the branches below the ground leading to the
uptake pipes b and c¹.
Referring to this general arrangement, shown in Figure 68, the object here is, while
thoroughly ventilating the drain pipes B, B, soil pipe 2, and waste pipe 3, to at the
same time not only lock off the sewer gas from these soil and waste pipes by means
of the trap 4, but also to lock off any sewage gas that may be generated in the
house drain B itself from said soil or waste pipes by means of the traps 5, and 6,
and 7, all with the intention to make the use of these drains, soil, and waste pipes
less dangerous to the inmates of the houses than has hitherto generally been the

page_text: case, should anything go wrong with these soil or waste pipes, as in the case of
holes being made in them or leaking joints occurring.
Easy access can be had either for examination or cleansing to both the inner and
outer sides or ends A and D of these improved traps, shown at 4 and 5, by mercly
lifting the drain grating C" to get at the inner side A, and lifting the iron plate 11
and fire-clay lid below it, or other air-tight substitutes to get at the outer side D of
the trap.
Referring to Figure 69 which is an enlarged vertical section of a square or round
iron plate and frame 1", with the faucet of the drain pipe 1¹ underneath, and a
fire-clay lid 11, as shown in position at 111 in the traps 4 and 5 of Figure 68.
Figure 70 is a vertical section of a new or improved form of trap specially intended
to be used for fixed basins in bedrooms. In this trap any bad air or gas is pre-
vented from getting access to the water in the trap or through said water by the
valve v.
This valve may cither be made wholly of brass or other metal, or partly
of brass and partly of india-rubber, say, top spindle and disc of brass, and lower or
bearing part of india-rubber or other suitable material, and either globular or flat.
The brass cover v¹ in which the spindle of the valve works up and down can be
screwed off to get access to the valve..
Figure 71 is a cross section of the brass spindle of the valve and its guide in
the cover v¹, showing spindle with its projections to lessen friction.
Figure 72 shows another form of trap for the same purpose, but with a hinged
valve in place of a spindle valve.
Figure 73 is a vertical section of an improved form of self-acting or self-filling
bell-trap y invented by me for the purpose of preventing draughts of the outer air
or air from the waste pipes 3, or other pipes blowing into the house through the
outflow pipe y¹ of the cistern, three small holes as at x, about 1/8th inch diameter,
allowing the water to get into the basin y of the trap, and so placed as to be, say,
1 inch above the bottom of the dip pipe y". When the circern is full and water
overflows, it gets away through this bell-trap at the holes ¹, say, 1½ inch in
diameter near the top of the outer case y of the bell-trap. Any of the uptake
ventilating pipes before mentioned may, when required, be fitted with a basin, as in
Figures 39, 40, and 41 upon its lower part, but without water, ice, or strainers to
prevent down draughts being felt, should they occur.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein-described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction of the parts of duplex or compound lateral action uptake
and blow-down cowls (A and B, J, or A, B,) with or without the reverse current
lateral action cap b¹ at the lower end of the inner tube b, for the ventilation of
drain, soil, and sewer pipes, and for houses or other close places generally, all
substantially as described in reference to and shown in (Figures 1 to 5, and Figures
4 A, 4 B, and 4C of) the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction and combination of an uptake cowl A, with a revolving
cowl B, or a fixed cowl B', as a ventilator (preferably with lateral action perforated
plates A' on the sides of its inner case), with outer and inner uptake and down-
draught shafts a and b respectively, all as and for the purposes of ventilation,
generally and substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in
Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The constructing and fitting on the lower parts of ventilating uptake
shafts a (as near the ceilings of apartments), close annular chambers as c, with an
inlet tube or tubes for the admission of forced currents of fresh air from the outside
of the house or from blowers, either for assisting the draught through the shafts a,
or for the admission of fresh air to the apartments of the house, all substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 2, 2 A, and 10 of the accom-
panying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth. The fitting of central nozzles g, g, within the uptake or eduction
ventilating shafts or pipes (as a) for the admission of forced jets of air, steam, or
other fluid for accelerating the currents within these pipes, all substantially as
described in reference to and shown in Figures 23, 24, 63 to 67, and 67 A of the
accompanying. Drawings..
Fifth. The fitting of reverse current caps or vessels to the lower ends of fresh air
induction pipes (as b, b.) led in from the top of the house, or it might be from the sides
of the house, or from air blowers, for dispersing or diffusing the air upwards through
the room or along the ceiling, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown at C, c, and j in Figures 2, 2 A, 39 to 43, and 41 A of the accompanying
Drawings.
-
Sixth. The ventilating of each gas-light of apartments of houses or other places
by-special globes (I, i,) and uptake pipes h, h¹, and their fittings from each led into
the lower part of the uptake ventilating shafts, as a, of a room, or special tubes
(as e, either isolated or not, as desired (as at e, e¹,), with condensed vapour
traps (as) at the lower parts of the pipes (a, e¹¹, and h, h¹,), all substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 19 and 20, and 23 to 26, 28'
to 38, and 42 and 61 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh. The general construction or combination of the parts of my improved
uptake or eduction cowl B, J, with glycerine or other liquid air-tight joints, all
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 7 A,
8, 9, and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. The general construction or combination of the parts of my improved
uptake or eduction cowl B, J, with glycerine or other liquid air-tight joints, with
fans in them, constructed and actuated, all substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in Figures 47 to 52 inclusive of the accompanying
Drawings.
Ninth. The construction and general arrangement for driving a fan N for pro-
ducing air currents in ventilating shafts, or an archimedian screw N³ in such shafts,
driven by small air wheels (directly connected thereto or through gearing) by
pressure air currents from an accumulator (as P, P¹) with mercurial pressure-tight
joint, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 53
and 53 A on Sheets 2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth. The construction of upwardly expanding fire or other clay chimney cans
Q, and the combination of the parts with or without double conical fire-clay pro-
tectors Q1 on top, all substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in Figures 54 to 58 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh. The construction and adaptation of double conical fire-clay protectors
Q, to the top of ordinary forms of red clay chimney cans Q², Q³, all substantially
as herein described in reference to and shown in Figure 59 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Twelfth. The construction of the internal fire or other clay pipes G, with
lateral branches.gs, for carrying off the foul air from the chambers of houses, all
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figure 60 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirteenth. The application to the cleaning faucet 1 over the outlet bend D of my
improved drain, soil, or sewer trap A, C, D, of the pipe and chamber 1', with lateral
branch b for attaching uptake pipes prope b¹, B¹, for the ventilation of the sewer
pipes B, and house drains B, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown at 4 and 5 in Figure 68, and partly in detailed section in Figure 69 of
the accompanying Drawings, and also the traps shown in Figures 70 and 72.
Fourteenth. The construction of uptake ventilators with vertical, angled, or
louver vanes and tangential protectors, as shown in Figures 21 and 22 for large
wood ventilators, or it might be horizontal perforated sheet metal with protectors,
as shown in Figure 22 A at the ridges of workshops or other places, all substantially
as described and shown in reference to these Figures..
Fifteenth. The construction and arrangement of abnormal close high-pressure air.

page_text: chambers or rooms Z³, all substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described in reference to and shown in Figures 61 and Z³, A, of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Paton Buchan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
W. P. BUCHAN. (LS.)