IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough of the Office for Patents
15 Water Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Consulting Engineer,
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS-
Communicated to him from abroad by Edward R. Knowles of Brooklyn in
the County of Kings State of New York, United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1883.
"
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH of the Office for Patents 15 Water Street
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Consulting Engineer
INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS [Communicated to him from abroad by Edward
R Knowles of Brooklyn in the County of Kings State of New York, United
States of America]
This Invention consists generally of two parts first of a novel method of sealing
the illuminating chamber of the lamp second of a novel method of making the
electrical connections of the lamp.
The construction and operation of the lamp is as follows The illuminating
chamber of the lamp is made of glass. The illuminating conductor is made of
carbon. It is supported by small cylinders of carbon into each of which a cavity
is made of the desired form and depth to receive the ends of the burner and into
which is placed around the ends of the conductor a cement compound of bi-chloride
of potassium platinum black or platinum sponge and sugar or a mixture of india
ink and platinum or platinum black or sponge and water or water glass all of
which when dry form a good conductor of electricity and bind the illuminating
conductor firmly to the supporting cylinders. The ends of the illuminating con-
ductor being fitted to the supporting cylinders as described are connected to the
ends of the electrodes by means of cups soldered to or formed upon the ends of
the electrodes the ends of the electrodes being held in position by an insulating
brace and to ensure a perfect contact between the carbons and the cups the latter
is slit longitudinally and the ends of the carbon slipped in the cup which being
made a little less in diameter than the carbon, grips it firmly and forms a close
contact and permanent connection between the two. The ends of the carbon may
be coated with the cement before mentioned if necessary to ensure a more perfect
content

page_text: Various modifications of making the connection and electrical contact between
the illuminating conductor and the electrodes are described by the cylinder being
perforated at both ends the end of the illuminating conductor being connected in
one and the electrode in the other. The supporting cylinder is slit and the ends
of the burner passed snugly in the slit. The cylinder is perforated in the top end
only having the burner set in as described. The cup is slit longitudinally to
receive the end of the cylinder. There is a spiral tube on the end of the electrode
to receive the supporting tube. The ends of the illuminating conductors are
supported in divided pieces of carbon set in cups connected to the electrodes all
of which are different forms of the same principle and either of which will make
a very good connexion and electrical contact between the burner and the electrode
and avoid the necessity of enlarging the connecting ends of the burners.
In the construction of the lamp before connecting the illuminating conductors
and the electrodes as described there is a cup made of glass somewhat in the form
of a dome through the top of which pass the electrodes making a nipple or cavity
of glass around the conductor on the top side of the inverted cup by which to seal
the electrodes air tight either by fusing the glass around them or by a cement
sealing.
After securing the electrodes in the cup a second cup is made in the form of a
cylindrical ring and filled with a suitable cement into which cement the cup is
inverted and its sides pressed down to the bottom of the cup. Then take the illu-
minating chamber of the lamp and insert it in the cement over the cup and press
its sides also down to the bottom of the cup. Then after allowing the cement
time to set and harden the air is exhausted through a tube which is then closed
by fusing the chamber being first charged with nitrogen gas unless it is intended
to illuminate in vacuo. The cup can be formed on another cup by returning its
sides in which case the sides of the lamp chamber is set in another chamber formed
by the returned sides of the cup.
The lamp having been thus constructed is set upon an insulating base piece
against the bottom of which is fixed metal sectors between which and insulated
from them a metal piece is placed and the conductors are connected electrically to
the sectors.
-
Now to make electrical connection between the lighting circuit and the lamp a
'fixture is made and faced with an insulating disc into which the metal sectors are
set to which the circuit conductors + and are connected. The lamp is then set
on this fixture and held by a pivot bolt secured at its lower end by a screw. By
these means the lamp is left free to turn about the pivot as a centro and place the
contacts in or out of circuit as may be desired to illuminate or extinguish the lamp.
The contact points may consist of a series of metal points instead of single
sectors by which the current can be gradually transferred from the circuit to
the lamp.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th June 1883.
"
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN
INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS." A Communication to me from abroad by Edward
R. Knowles, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, State of New York, United
States of America
The following is a description of this Invention in such full, clear concise and
exact terms as will enable anyone skilled in the arts to which the Invention
appertains, or with which it is more nearly connected to make and use the same
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings making part of this Specification
and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon.
This Invention consists, generally of two parts; first of a novel method of
sealing the illuminating chamber of the lamp; second of a novel method of making
the electrical connections of the lamp.
The construction and operation of the lamp is as follows, the points of novelty
being designated in the claims concluding this Specification.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the lamp. The other Figures indicate
parts in detail to be hereinafter referred to. Like letters refer to like parts on all
the Figures.
Q
"
The illuminating chamber of the lamp is made of glass and is illustrated by A.
The illuminating conductor is made of carbon and is shown by C. It is supported
by small cylinders E of carbon into each of which a cavity is made of the desired
form and depth to receive the ends of the burner and into which is placed around
the end of the conductor a cement composed of bi-chloride of potassium, platinum
black, or platinum sponge and sugar, or a mixture of india ink and platinum, or
platinum black, or sponge and water or water glass, all of which when dry form
good conductor of electricity and bind the illuminating conductor firmly to the
supporting cylinders E. The ends of the illuminating conductor being fitted to
the supporting cylinders as described are connected to the ends of the electrodes G
by means of cups F soldered to, or formed upon the ends of the electrodes in the
manner shown; the ends of the electrodes being held in position by an insulating
brace H and to ensure a perfect contact between the carbons E and the cups F,
the latter is slit longitudinally and the ends of the carbon slipped in the cup,
which being made a little less in diameter than the carbon, grips it firmly and
forms a close contact and permanent connection between the two. The ends of
the carbon may be coated with the cement above mentioned if necessary to ensure
a more perfect contact.
Various modifications of making the connection and electrical contact between
the illuminating conductor and the electrodes are shown by Figure 3. El shows
the cylinder perforated at both ends, the end of the illuminating conductor being
connected in one and the electrode in the other. E" shows the supporting cylinder
slit and the ends of the burner passed snugly in the slit. E' shows the cylinder
perforated in the top end only having the burner set in as described. Fl shows
the cup slit longitudinally to receive the end of the cylinder as described. Fu
shows a spiral tube on the end of the electrode to receive the supporting tube.
F and F show the ends of the illuminating conductors supported in divided
pieces of carbon VV set in cups connected to the electrodes all of which are
different forms of the same principle and either of which will make a very good
connection and electrical contact between the burner and the electrode and avoid
the necessity of enlarging the connecting ends of the burners.
In the construction of the lamp before connecting the illuminating conductors

page_text: '
and the electrodes described, a cup I of glass is made somewhat in the form of a
dome, through the top of which the electrodes are passed making a nipple, or
cavity of glass around the conductor on the top side of the inverted cup by
which to seal the electrodes air tight either by pressing tho glass around them, or
by a cement senling.
After securing the electrodes in the cup I, there is made a second cup J in tho
form of a cylindrical ring filled with a suitable cement R into which cement there
is inverted the cup I and its sides pressed down to the bottom of the cup J. Then
take the illuminating chamber of the lamp and insert it in the cement over the
cup I and press its sides also down to the bottom of the cup J. Then after
allowing the cement time to set and harden, the air is exhausted through tho
tube B at the top of the globe of the lamp, or through the tube B' in the inverted
cup I, which tube is then closed by fusing, the chamber being first charged with
nitrogen gas, unless it is intended to illuminate in vacuo. When the lamp is
exhausted through the tube B' it must be exhausted before being set on its base
piece. The cup J can be formed on the cup I by returning its sides, in which caso
the sides of the lamp chamber A is set in the chamber J formed by the returned
sides of the cup I as shown in Figure 6.
Under another arrangement a cylinder of india rubber is used containing cement
and at the same time when the edges of the globe come together an india rubber
pad at R' is used with, or without cement and on the vacuum being formed the
edges of the cup and globe are held together with great pressure.
The lamp being thus constructed is set upon an insulating base piece L against
the bottom of which is fixed the metal sectors M Figure 4 between which and
insulated from them, the metal piece T is placed and the conductors C are
connected electrically to the sectors M.
Now to make electrical connection between the lighting circuit and the lamp
a fixture P is made and faced with an insulating disc O into which the metal
sectors N Figure 2 are sct, to which the circuit conductors + and - are con-
nected. The lamp is them set on this fixture and held by a pivot bolt K secured at
its lower end by a screw Q. By these means the lamp is left free to turn about
the pivot as a centre and place the contacts N. M in or out of circuit as may bo
desired to illuminate, or extinguish the lamp. The contact points M and N may
consist of a series of metal points, instead of single sectors by which the current
can be gradually transferred from the circuit to the lamp.
Having thus described the improved incandescent lamp I claim as the Invention
communicated to me by my Foreign Correspondent
First In an incandescent electric lamp the combination of an enclosing chamber
(A) an inverted cup (I) to support the electrodes and in which they are hermetically
sealed and a sealing cup (J) the end of the enclosing chamber and the inverted
supporting cup being both set in the scaling cup and hermetically sealed therein.
Second In an incandescent electric lamp and making part of the same, a lighting
switch consisting of a central pivot (K) an insulating base piece L, contact pieces
(M M and (N N) set in a supporting fixture (P), the several parts being made to
co-act substantially as described to illuminate, or extinguish the conductor by
turning the lamp upon its own axis.
In Witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough have hereunto
set my hand and seal this twenty seventh day of June in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.