IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WAX AND OTHER LIKE CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Urbain, of Ivry-sur-Seine, near Paris,
in the Empire of France, Candle Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WAX AND OTHER LIKE CANDLES,
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Sealed the 26th November 1869, and dated the 2nd June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Urbain at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd June 1869.
I, JOSEPH URBAIN, of Ivry-sur-Seine, near Paris, in the Empire of
France, Candle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WAX AND OTHER LIKE
CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to prevent wax and other like candles
from running when burning, and to collect and burn the material that
is usually lost, and consists in making the candles with longitudinal
holes or channels parallel to the axis of the candle, of any desired
number, and having a section of any desired form.

page_text: I manufacture these candles preferably by moulding by means of an
ordinary moulding apparatus, in which I place a mould suitably con-
structed for the purpose required. The longitudinal holes may be made
by solid or hollow rods placed in these moulds before or after the
running in of the matter, or the centre part of the candle may be made
separately and afterwards covered with a casing having interior longi-
tudinal ribs.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Urbain in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd December 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
URBAIN, of Ivry-sur-Seine, near Paris, in the Empire of France,
Candle Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Urbain, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Urbain, my executors, administrators, and
assigus, or such others as I, the said Joseph Urbain, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WAX AND OTHER LIKE CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Urbain, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Urbain, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:-
In using wax, composite, and other moulded candles the heat of the
flame melts more of the material than it consumes, especially when the
candle is carried about in the hand, and the melted matter not consumed
runs down the sides of the candle, often on to the ground or on to the
dress of the person carrying it, and is thus a cause of damage besides
the waste of material.
Now the object of my Invention is to obviate these defects, and
consists in making wax, composite, or other moulded candles with longi-
tudinal holes or channels internally parallel to the axis of the candle in
any suitable number, form, and size. By this means the quantity of
melted matter in excess of that consumed by the wick will run into the
holes or channels down to a part of their length where the temperature
is low enough to cause it to solidify, and where it will be utilized by the
wick in proportion as the candle is burned.
To make my Invention better understood, I will now proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1, represent peculiar forms of holes or
channels for the improved candle.
To manufacture the improved candle I run into an ordinary mould B,
Figures 6, 7, and 8, Sheet 2, placed in any suitable moulding machine,
in the centre of which is an ordinary case, a tube of the peculiar form
shewn at Figure 8, Sheet 2. This tube consists of an external crown or
top picce, to which three ribs A are connected, leaving three open
spaces B between them, and in the centre a fourth space, which is filled
subsequently to the cooling and removal from the mould with a small
round candle, Figure 9, containing the wick, and of the same length as
the tube. The circumference of this small central candle fits exactly on
to the tops of the ribs A. The section of the candle shewn at Figure 7,
Sheet 2, shews how this juxtaposition forms a perforated candle such as
it is the object of my process to manufacture. It will be casily under-
stood that the form and number of ribs A and of holes B may vary.
The longitudinal holes may also be obtained by running the candle
material into an ordinary mould, Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, then intro-
ducing, as it is represented, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, into the still liquid

page_text: mass a suitable number of solid or hollow rods shewn at Figures 3 and 4,
Slicet 2, conical or not conical, of any required form of section. When
the cooling has been effected I first withdraw the rods, which being
forced in parallel to the axis produce by their withdrawal the longi-
tudinal holes required; the candle is then removed from the mould
ready for uso. When the candle is ready to be taken out of the mould
I cause a jet of air or steam heated to a suitable temperature to pass
into the interior of the tubes placed in the mould B, and which by
heating the tubes allows the candle to pass out with facility.
Another process of manufacture consists in employing a mould, in the
interior of which I place longitudinal rods, shewn at A, Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet 1, parallel to the axis of the mould, either hollow or solid, conical
or not, and of any suitable form and number. These rods being fixed at
the bottom of the moulds B, I adjust a piston D, Figures 3 and 4, which
being passed through by the rods A slides up and down in the mould.
The piston being placed at the bottom, as represented, Figure 1,
Sheet 1, and the wick in the centre, the moulding material is run in ;
after cooling the lower piston D is pushed upwards and forces up the
candle, which slides up with it along the fixed rods A, and along the
interior sides of the mould B. The candle thus removed from the mould
is ready for usc.
I can also effect. the moulding by means of a cylindrical mould, one of
the extremities of which is open, and the other is of the form of a candlo
top, through which three or more solid rods of any suitable section may
be passed and soldered or connected to a plate at their base, so as to
occupy the whole length of the mould, and be separated from it by
drawing them downwards by means of this plate. The rods and the
wick being placed in the mould, the material is run in; after cooling the
rods are drawn out at the bottom, the withdrawal of which forms the
holes in the candle, and the candle left in the mould is withdrawn by
means of the wick.
Having now described the naturo of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise modes of or apparatus for carrying out my
Invention herein laid down, as the same may be varied without
departing from the principle of my Invention; but what I claim is,-
Firstly. The manufacture of wax, composite, and other moulded
candles with longitudinal internal holes or channels, for the purpose and

page_text: substantially in the manner herein-before described and represented in
the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction of moulds for the manufacture of the
improved candles, substantially as herein-before described and repre-
sented in the Figures of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Urbain, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.