matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING MINES, COLLIERIES, AND OTHER CONFINED PLACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, FOR THE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING EXPLOSIONS AND OBTAINING THOROUGH SANATORY VENTILATION
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sutherst at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1880.
THOMAS SUTHERST, of the Inner Temple, Barrister at Law.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING MINES, COLLIERIES, AND OTHER CONFINED PLACES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, FOR THE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING EXPLOSIONS
AND OBTAINING THOROUGH SANATORY VENTILATION."
Hitherto not only have many serious disasters occurred, frequently accompanied
with great loss of life, caused by the explosion of the vitiated gases collected in
mines and other similar places; but the health of the miners and other operatives
employed has been seriously impaired owing to the impure state of the atmosphere
in such localities arising from the imperfect system of ventilation adopted therein.
Now the object of the present Invention is to so purify the atmosphere in a
mine or other subterranean working that all danger of explosion is obviated, at the
same time that the miners and other workers therein can follow their respective
occupations without detriment to health.
This I accomplish by means of a system or systems of pipes or tubes so arranged
within the mine, colliery, or other place that a constant supply of fresh air is
introduced therein, and upon the escape of any foul air or gases occurring within
the mine or other place the same are so diluted and weakened as to become
innocuous, and are carried off by means of the fresh air so introduced into the
mine or working through such pipes.
In order to force the fresh air into such pipes and thence into the workings I
employ suitable mechanical means, the density of pressure employed being regulated
according to the distance to be traversed. I also so arrange the joints of the pipes
that they may be connected and disconnected with the utmost facility, so that their
position may be readily changed should circumstances require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR MELANGING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Daniel Thornton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1880.
WILLIAM DANIEL THORNTON, of Bowling, in the County of York, Dyer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR MELANGING."
:
The object of my Invention is to produce the blending of a variety of shades of
colour in yarn in such a manner that when woven into the piece the same will not
appear streaky, as is the case hitherto when manipulated in the ordinary manner.
I accomplish my Invention somewhat in the following manner: -
The fibre whilst in the sliver is passed through an ordinary melanging machine,.
whereby one colour is printed thereon. The sliver then passes to my improved
apparatus, which is arranged with colour distributing and furnishing rollers, the
same as used in the ordinary process of melanging; but in lieu of a top or printing
roller I substitute a stamper or impression plate, so arranged that type of varying
sizes can be secured therein. Motion to this impression plate is given by
eccentrics or other equivalents, so mounted. that the impression plate is travelling
in the direction and at the same rate of speed as the sliver when impressing the
colour thereon.
If another colour be required to obtain the desired result in the shade the sliver
is passed under another impression plate of similar construction and thereby
printed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ullmer, junior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1880.
WILLIAM ULLMER, Junior, of 53, St. John's Square, Clerkenwell, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES."
These improvements consist in forming a bed plate on which are secured at a
fixed distance apart two discs, having orifices through them at a suitable distance
from the centre.
A shaft of increased diameter at or about its centre passes through the orifices in
the discs, the length of the portion of the. shaft with the increased diameter
determining the amount of space between them. Fixed to the enlarged part of
the shaft is a tongue or piston which is surrounded by a ring or cylinder.
The tongue or piston passes through an orifice in the ring or cylinder, which is
flanged to fit upon the top and sides of the discs and causes it to revolve with the
shaft.
The "admission" passes through a port in the side or face of the discs, and acting
upon the piston produces a rotary movement, carrying the ring or cylinder with it,
causing it to revolve round the discs.
The "exhaust" is formed by providing a suitable port in the side or face of the
discs.
Rotary engines made according to these improvements may be worked by steam,
gas, air, or water pressure as desired.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC CANDLE EXTINGUISHER.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Tester at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1880.
"
CHRISTOPHER TESTER, of Wellington, New Zealand, temporarily at 67, Strand,
in the City of Westminster. AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC CANDLE EXTINGUISHER.'
This Invention has been designed for the purpose of ensuring the extinguishing
of a candle whenever it has burned down to any given point, and consists of a
contrivance which can be attached to any part of the candle, and which will
automatically extinguish it immediately it has burned down to the required
point.
The improved extinguisher consists of an ordinary extinguisher, a spring clasp
for the candle, and a spring connection between the extinguisher and the spring
clasp.
The spring clasp can be opened out to receive any size candle, and is set in such
a position as that the base of the extinguisher is on a level with that point in the
candle at which it is desirable to extinguish it.
The spring connection admits of the extinguisher being strained to the side of
the candle while it is burning, and automatically brings it over so as to extinguish
the candle when it has burnt down to the required point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ernest Filer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1880.
ALFRED ERNEST FILER, of 58, Mildmay Park, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
BURNERS."
The holes or slits through which the gas passes in burners of ordinary_con-
struction are so arranged as to produce what is known as a flat or fish tail flame,
which wastes a great deal of gas without giving correspondingly good light, the
blue or non luminous portion of the flame being unusually large owing to the fact
that the air is only able to act upon a portion of the heated unburnt gases. My
Invention consists in drilling four or more holes, or cutting two or more slits of a
triangular or cruciform shape in a flat or round nosed burner. By doing this I
split up the flame into four or more thin webs, so exposing a much larger surface to
the air, and obtaining thereby a very clear and steady light. I also use in some
instances with the burners above described a disc of metal, or some other substance
not easily destroyed by heat, which is placed a short distance above the holes or
slits referred to, and against which the flame impinges, producing an effect some-
what resembling an argand burner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING BARRELS AND BALES ONTO AND FROM CARTS AND OTHER VEHICLES AND STRUCTURES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO BREWERS' DRAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1880.
A communication from Gustav Koblinsky, of Berlin, Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING BARRELS AND BALES ONTO
AND FROM CARTS AND OTHER VEHICLES AND STRUCTURES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO BREWERS' DRAYS." (A communication from Gustav Koblinsky, of Berlin,
Germany.)
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the loading or unloading of barrels
and bales, and is especially applicable to the unloading of beer barrels from brewers
drays, and to the loading of same therewith, so as to effect it in a more convenient
and less dangerous way than heretofore.
The Invention consists essentially of a rail ladder and a winch; the latter is for
heavy loads fitted with tooth wheel gearing and made wholly or chiefly of iron;
the ladder may for light loads be made of tough wood, and the winch handle for
such purpose be on the axle of the winding drum.
The ladder is generally made of two ☐ iron or L iron side bars, which are
united by cross bars; the upper part of the ladder terminates in a horizontal part.
or platform; at the junction of the latter with the former there is arranged on each
side a lever or stop held up by a spring; the barrel when being lifted depresses and
passes over these levers, but is by them prevented from rolling down the ladder
again. The platform or upper end of the ladder is supported by two legs, which
can be splayed as required to suit the height of the cart or other structure against
which the ladder is placed. There is a rope or chain attached to a hook at each
side of the upper part of the ladder; each rope passes thence under and back round
the barrel to be raised or lowered, then over a guide pulley, and then onto the winch
drum. The winch may be provided with brake and ratchet wheel and pawl, and
all arranged under the ladder. The latter may be binged onto the dray or cart.
The ladder may also be made with a sloping part only, and be hinged onto the
dray or cart, and the winch and other parts arranged on the dray or cart, by
preference underneath it,
AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH SELF- FILLING AND DISCHARGING SKEPS OR BUCKETS FOR GRAIN, MUD, AND OTHER LIKE OPEN OR SOFT BODIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1880.
GEORGE ALLIX, of No. 9, Church Terrace, Cubitt's Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Shipwright and Engineer. "AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH SELF-
FILLING AND DISCHARGING SKEPS OR BUCKETS FOR GRAIN, MUD, AND OTHER
LIKE OPEN OR SOFT BODIES."
This Invention relates mainly to an angled strap or bar, with a notch at or near
each end, into which a sliding catch can engage and tilt and lift the skep or bucket
(single or double), both for the self filling and self discharging of grain, mud, or
other like open or soft bodies.
I purpose making the skep with a curved bottom, and attach side straps, whose
upper ends are connected at a height above the scoop to the angled or back strap,
as to form a kind of tripod legs as braces for the sides and the back of the skep.
The catch tackle, which is furnished with a roller, is free to slide when the skep
is filled and being hoisted, and from which the catch can escape on the scoop being
lowered and resting on a floor, that the catch, assisted by a weight on the end of the
crane, and the roller may slide down to the lower end of the strap for the catch to
engage itself in the notch at that end from which the next lift of the skep takes
place, the lift first tilting the skep from the back, that the contents may run out
at the mouth, and then the lift of the empty skep continues from the tail end of it.
When grain or other material has to be raised by the skep, the skep is lowered
suspended by its tail, that its mouth may, by its own weight or by power, enter
the material, and thus become charged; the catch then slides down the back strap
and becomes lodged in the notch at the opposite end from which the next lift is
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brookes and Thomas Adams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1880.
THOMAS BROOKES and THOMAS ADAMS, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS."
Our Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of ladies' dress
suspenders, in the following manner :-
We joint the upper ends of the arms by which the dress is gripped to the lower
end of a short tube, the said upper ends of the arms working in a cross slot in the
bottom of the tube. This tube is closed at top and contains a coiled spring. In
the axis of the lower part of the coiled spring is a rod, the bottom of which is
expanded and bears upon the upper ends of the arms of the suspender. The upper
end of the coiled spring bears against the top of the tube, and the lower end upon
the expanded bottom end of the rod in its axis. The action of this spring is to
depress the upper ends of the arms, and consequently to open their lower ends.
Upon the tube described a short outer tube slides; the lower end of this outer tube
is expanded, and flattened so as to have the figure of an inverted funnel flattened.
When this outer tube is depressed, its funnel shaped lower end depresses the upper
ends of the arms and closes the lower ends. When the outer tube is at liberty to
move, it is raised by the action of the spring on the arms, but when the said outer
tube is depressed it causes the arms of the suspender to close and grip the portion
of the dress introduced between them.
In order to fix the outer tube in its depressed position the following arrangement
is adopted: In the tube containing the coiled spring a slot is made; the upper
part of this slot is nearly parallel with the axis of the tube, and the lower part
nearly at right angles thereto. Upon the upper part of the tube containing the
spring a tubular caps fits. Inside this cap is a pin which takes into the slot
described. After the dress has been inserted between the lower ends of the arms
and the said arms closed, the outer tube descends, and by depressing the tubular cap
and giving it rotation through a semi-circle, its pin enters the lower part of the slot.
When the tubular cap is in this position its lower end bears on the top of the outer
tube, fixing it in the position in which it holds the arms of the suspender in their
[Price 2d

page_text: closed position. In order to release the dress it is only necessary to turn the
tubular cap in a direction contrary to that by which the arms were closed when its
pin entering the upper part of the slot in the tube the action of the spring throws
open the arms of the suspender.
The suspender may be conveniently attached to the waist of the person by a cord
connected to an ornamental thumb plate at the top of the tubular cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING YARNS FOR TAPESTRY, CARPETS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Aitken and Andrew
Dickinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
March 1880.
WILLIAM AITKEN and ANDREW DICKINSON, both of Halifax, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING YARNS FOR TAPESTRY,
CARPETS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to machinery for printing yarns for tapestry, carpets, and
similar purposes, and our improvements consist in constructing the printing cylinder
or drum of galvanized iron or other suitable metal, and providing the same with an
opening for the admission of steain, hot air, or water. This opening is most
conveniently formed through the axis or shaft of the cylinder.
By heating the cylinder during the operation of printing the yarn is dried as it
is printed, and separate drying process is rendered unnecessary, as the yarn after
being printed and dried may be wound directly off the cylinder on to a winding
franie. By our Invention the process is greatly simplified, and a great saving of
paste is effected, the yarn after leaving the drum being wound onto the bobbins
ready for the "setter," the steaming, scouring, and drying processes being dispensed
with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUOYS OR LIFE AND PROPERTY SAVING APPARATUS FOR SEA USE."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sample at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1880.
JAMES SAMPLE, of Blyth, in the County of Northumberland. “IMPROVEMENTS
IN BUOYS OR LIFE AND PROPERTY SAVING APPARATUS FOR SEA USE."
The object of my Invention is to construct a buoy-boat, or life and property
saving apparatus, that will float from off its seating, and afford, in the event of the
foundering of the ship to which my Invention is applied, a ready means of saving
life and valuable property at sea.
To attain this end I construct preferably of steel a circular buoy-boat with raised
sides; the bottom being concave and divided into compartments or tanks which are
decked over and used for the storage of provisions and fresh water for drinking
purposes, and for keeping my apparatus in ballast. Around the inside are lockers
or chests which act as seats and contain working gear or other loose articles.
Above these seats and above the water line are self acting air valves that, while
admitting the atmosphere to the interior of the buoy-boat, prevent the ingress of
the waves.
The buoy-boat is provided with a water tight conical roof rising from the
vertical sides towards the centre, where there is a manhole or entrance furnished
with a mushroom shaped air valve as usual. In the roof are also three windows
fitted with air tight casements, which may be large enough to serve as means of
entrance in time of urgent need.
Around the outside, and at the base of the aforesaid conical roof, is an annular
projecting gallery or flooring supported by outriggers. The whole of this flooring
is removeable, and may be stowed away in the aforesaid lockers or chests. My
apparatus is also furnished with means of propulsion, so that when in use advantage
can be taken of fine weather to steer a course and make some progress. For this
purpose a portable stern and rudder can be suitably attached to the apparatus by
ordinary claws fitting into corresponding cavities. The rudder, having two claws
upon which it swings, and the stern two pairs of claws to render the same rigid,
the buoy-boat may now be propelled by oars carried by the outriggers and manned
from the roof or from the inside, as circumstance may allow. A light wing shaped
Bail, supported by a wooden spar jutting out from the base of the conical roof, is
also provided as an additional means of propulsion.
All requisite furniture and appendages are fitted to the interior of the buoy-boat
for the comfort and safety of a ship wrecked crew.
GAS STOVES OR HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1880.
SYDNEY SMITH, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey.
GAS STOVES OR HEATING APPARATUS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The Invention has for its object improvements in gas stoves or heating
apparatus.
For this purpose I mount in a fitting carried by the service pipe an ordinary
gas burner, but preferably a Bray's union jet burner.
I introduce this burner into the lower part of a cylinder placed vertically, closed
entirely on its sides, but covered at each end with fine wire gauze; the cylinder
being screwed on to the fitting aforesaid.
The cylinder forms a mixing chamber for the gas and air.
The gas passes in through the burner, and the air is drawn in through the wire
gauze at the lower end of the cylinder or mixing chamber, the mixture burning
on the wire gauze at the upper part of the cylinder.
By these means I obtain more perfect combustion with a less consumption of
gas than heretofore.
In some cases, and particularly where the object in view is to heat asbestos or
pumice stone in an ordinary or other grate or stove, for heating rooms, offices, and
other places, I prefer to arrange two or more burners and mixing chambers in a
group.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSOLIDATING EXTRACT OF MALT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Campbell Morfit at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1880.
CAMPBELL MORFIT, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSOLIDATING EXTRACT OF MALT."
My Invention consists in giving solid forms to extract of malt by means which
improve its dietetic value.
carry out my Invention by boiling Irish moss or other edible seaweed of that
nature in water, and then adding to it or not, as may be preferred, a portion of
gelatine dissolved in water, or gelatine alone may be used. The ratio of the gelatine
and the quantity of the Irish moss must depend upon the judgment of the operator
and the consistence to be given to the product.
To the single or double liquor (as the case may be) thus formed, just enough of
pure glycerine for sweetening may be stirred in. The whole is then to be heated to
fluidity and homogeneousness and left to cool down to about 118° Fahrenheit, at which
time and temperature the intended charge of the aqueous extract of malt must be
stirred in so as to make a thoroughly intimate mixture. The extract of malt may
be of density and in quantity according to the strength which the product is
intended to have, and those conditions must be regulated by the judgment of the
operator.
The whole being now complete is while yet fluid to be poured into cooling pans
to produce sheets or other forms, and these when they have set stiff are to be dried
thoroughly in a room heated to about 100° Fahrenheit, or so much higher as will
not injure the dietetic efficiency of the product. They are then ready to be packed
for market.
The glycerine is not indispensable, though it assists in endowing the product
with a sound keeping quality, regardless of atmospheric and climatic vicissitudes.
Moreover, sugar, glucose, or honey may be used as sweetening if desired.
If the product is flavoured, it must be with cocoa or some other material not
incompatible with the efficiency of the malt extract as a digestive ferment.
The stock may be also converted into biscuits without baking by taking it while
still fresh undried jelly and triturating it with enough powdered biscuit to make
a damp mealy mixture, which latter is to be pressed into biscuit form by suitable
Paine 5.11

page_text: machinery. The biscuits are then to be dried thoroughly in a room heated to
between about 110° and 115° Fahrenheit, and packed for market in boxes with
closely fitting covers.
By these means there is no condensation of the extract of malt, but simply con-
solidation by means of the moss and gelatine, which shut it in from atmospheric
influences without changing its original nature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING STOCK FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Carl Glaser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1880. A communication
from Adolf Klose, of Rorschach, in Switzerland.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING STOCK
FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS." [A communication from Adolf Klose, of Rorschach,
in Switzerland.]
This Invention has for its object to render the axles of rolling stock for railways
and tramways adjustable in such manner that in passing round curves they will
assume positions radial thereto.
For this purpose the brasses of the end axle boxes are, on one side of the vehicle,
capable of turning on a vertical axis, while those on the other side are capable both
of turning on a vertical axis and of shifting to a certain extent in the direction of
the length of the carriage. To enable this to be done, the brasses of such axle
boxes do not rest directly on the cast iron boxes, but on wrought iron transverse
slides passing through the two sides thereof, which slides are connected together by
guide rods and double ended levers, in such manner that the brasses of the two end
axles can only shift simultaneously, and in a symetrical manner relative to the
central transverse axis of the vehicle.
With six wheeled carriages the middle axle requires also on passing round curves
to shift in the direction of its length, the extent of such shifting depending upon
the radius of the curve, and upon the distances between it and the end axles;
it is approximately proportional to the before described shifting of the brasses of
the latter.
The simultaneous occurrence of the last described motion, and of that first
described, is effected by providing in the axle box of the middle wheel a longitudinal
slide similar to those in the end axle boxes, such slide being connected by links
with the others, so as to have a motion proportional to their motion, and so
arranged that by such motion it acts by means of oblique slots, grooves, or
feathers upon the brasses, so as to cause them to shift together with the axle in the
direction of the length thereof.
The accompanying Drawing serves to explain the construction and mode of action
of the above described devices. Figs. 1 and 2 shew diagrammatically a side view

page_text: and plan of the under-framing of a four wheel carriage with this Invention applied
thereto; Figs. 3 and 4 shew the same views of a six wheel carriage.
The constructions of the axle boxes are shewn at Figs. 5 to 10, of which Figs. 5
and 6 shew respectively a vertical and horizontal section of the axle boxes at a,
Figs. 2 and 4, where the brasses only pivot on a pin, while Figs. 7 and 8 shew the 5
same views of the axle boxes at B, in which the brasses both pivot and shift
longitudinally, and lastly, Figs. 9 and 10 shew the middle axle box at C, in which
the brass shifts transversely.
AN IMPROVED FLEXIBLE WHEEL BASE FOR RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY CARS OR CARRIAGES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Floyd and Walter Hunt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1880.
THOMAS FLOYD, Engineer, of 5, Westminster Chambers, in the City of West-
minster, and WALTER HUNT, Engineer, of 10, Derby Terrace, Derby Road, West
Croydon, in the County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED FLEXIBLE WHEEL BASE FOR
RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY CARS OR CARRIAGES."
This Invention consists in mounting the body of the car or carriage on two
wheel trucks in such a manner that the axles are always at right angles to the rails
or nearly so.
.
The trucks work on a bogie centre, and are coupled together in such a manner
that the radial position of the leading wheels on a curve is immediately commu-
nicated to the trailing wheels; by this means very sharp curves are traversed with
ease and safety without grinding of rails and flanges, at the same time a long wheel
base is obtained.
This Invention is easily applied to existing vehicles of any gauge.
A, A, are semi-circular iron plates fixed to the bottom of the car or carriage.
B, B, are similar plates fixed on top of the axle guards or hornplates, and secured
to cross pieces, thus forming the wheel truck. C, C, are friction blocks fixed on
the plates B, B, and which slide on the plates A, A, when any change in the
position of the wheels takes place on the car moving from the straight line on to a
curve or vice-versa.
D, D, are bogie cups or centres secured with a bolt, and fitted with an india
rubber pad or buffer to prevent sudden deflection.
E, E, are two long bars extending under the centre of the car or carriage, and
are coupled together by a cup and ball joint F, F, U slot, or a segment of a circle
slot, or other mechanical equivalent. Similar plates are secured to the front of each
wheel truck, and have the coupling F, F, at the ends for attaching two or more cars
or carriages together or to the engine. When used for this purpose the
coupling F, F, is made with a screw and shackle or catch so as to be easily
coupled or uncoupled.
If preferable, instead of the two long bars, Y pieces are used secured to the
D11

page_text: wheel trucks, and connected in the centre by the coupling F, F, the other ends
being fitted to receive the horse pole or splinter bars.
The wheels are either fixed or run loose on the axles as may be found most
desirable. The wheel trucks can be made square in the usual manner with the
friction blocks secured to the sides of the trucks, but the semi-circular form is
preferable, as the trucks in assuming a radial postion do not project beyond the side.
sole of the car or carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING MEAT AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CONSUMPTION
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christian Heinrich Friedrich
Schneemann, John Christian Hermann Baass, and Carl Heinrich Florens
Müller, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March
1880.
CHRISTIAN HEINRICH FRIEDRICH SCHNEEMANN, JOHN CHRISTIAN HERMANN
BAASS, and CARL HEINRICH FLORENS MÜLLER, all of Hamburgh, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING
MEAT AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CONSUMPTION."
1. The articles to be preserved are placed in an airtight vessel of cylindrical or
other convenient shape, which vessel is in communication with an air pump worked
by direct action of water put under pressure.
2. Meat or other articles containing a great deal of moisture must in the first
place have this moisture extracted to a certain degree, and for this purpose
atmospheric air is drawn through the vessel by the action of the water air pump;
this air before entering the said vessel is forced through pipes or tubes filled with
sufficient quantity of pumice stone, which latter consumes the moisture of the
air and allows only dry air to enter into the preserving vessel.
3. After the articles have been dried sufficiently the inlet of the outer air is
closed, and a requisite vacuum in the vessel (being within about two inches of a
perfect vacuum) is then produced by means of the above mentioned water air-
pump. The communication between pump and vessel is then closed, after which
the vessel is brought in connection with a gasometer or reservoir containing
sulphuric acid gas of purest state, of which gas a small quantity is allowed to enter
the vessel. The pressure of air is then again reduced as fully as possible by a
new action of the water air pump, after which the manipulation of preservation is
completed.
4. Meat and similar articles can be kept in the vessel under vacuum for nearly
any length of time in fully preserved state, or it may be removed from the vessel
and be freely exposed to the atmosphere, the influence of which will not be able to
damage it for several months.
5. The sulphuric acid gas is produced in a reservoir, and must be of a chemically
pure nature, and be introduced into the meat in a perfectly dry state without a
particle of water.
It is also requisite that the vessels used for preservation should be lined with
glass or any other material which will make these vessels sufficiently air tight,
and which sufficiently resists the action of the sulphuric gas.
A COMBINED SEAT AND LIFE SAVING APPARATUS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1880. A communication
from abroad by Benjamin King, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
"
JASPER WETTER, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. A COMBINED SEAT
AND LIFE SAVING APPARATUS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIPS." A communication
from abroad by Benjamin King, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
The Invention has for its object to construct seats on board ships in such a
manner that they can be used to prevent drowning in case of collisions or other
accidents, and consists in making the ends or stands of the seat in the shape of
light rollers, preferably made hollow for containing provisions and water, and
having sufficient buoyancy to keep several persons afloat, the two rollers being
connected by a rod or axle passing through the axis of the rollers and capable of
fixing each roller between two screw nuts. Also in the construction and mode of
supporting the boards which form the seat, properly speaking, and the back, the
latter being pivoted in the centre line of the seat, so that it can be turned up and
down a certain angle for allowing passengers to sit on either side of the board, the
board being supported at each end in a recess provided at the upper side of the
inner face of the rollers, so that the seat properly speaking can be lifted out from
the top. Also in suspending the foot board from the said axle by ropes or rods,
so that the footboard is free to swing on the axis of the rollers, said suspension
ropes or rods being connected near the axle by a rope or ropes, which, when the
seat (board and back) is removed and the apparatus floats in the water, may be
held by the hands, while the foot board serves as a seat. Also in fixing the seat
in position by means of a chain or rope attached at one end to the seat properly
speaking, and at the other end to a hook or short arm mounted on a horizontal
shaft running on the floor along the seat, and provided at one end with a hand
lever, the turning of which serves to release the said chain from the hook in order
to allow of the seat boards being lifted out, or draws the chain down so as to fix
the seat in its position.
For use on ocean ships the two rollers are preferably made hollow, one of them

page_text: containing provisions, while the other contains a water receptacle. The rollers
may be provided with shoes to prevent their unintended rolling on the deck, while
for river steamers the two rollers may be replaced by discs having a flat underside
to rest upon.
The horizontal shaft may be made of sufficient length to fix several seats,
whereby the latter can be set free or attached by one movement of a lever.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MORE EFFECTUALLY VENTILATING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND FACILITATING THE ESCAPE OF PERSONS THEREFROM."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Giuliano at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1880.
CARLO GIULIANO, of 115, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MORE EFFECTUALLY VENTILATING
DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND FACILITATING THE ESCAPE OF
PERSONS THEREFROM."
This Invention has mainly for its object to facilitate the escape of persons from
within dwellinghouses and other buildings in case of fire, and at the same time to
render the ventilation of the buildings more easy.
For these purposes I erect, say, at one or more corners of a dwelling house or
other building divided into a number of stories, one above another, a vertical shaft
or passage, extending from top to bottom of the building. This shaft or passage
may be constructed either on the inside or the outside of the exterior walls of the
building. Fixed to one or more sides of the interior of this shaft or passage are
ladder steps or bars, by means of which persons may go up or down the shaft. At
each storey a fire proof door is provided to give access to the shaft, so that in case
of fire persons can readily enter the shaft from any part of the building. In these
doors ventilators may be provided, so that the shaft shall act as ventilating shaft
for the several rooms in the building.
In order also further to keep up a circulation of air in and about a building I
erect above the roof of the building a fan composed of a long horizontal axis, which
has two or more radial blades standing out from it. This I cause to be revolved
by means of driving cords and weights, the weights being allowed to descend within
the interior of the vertical shaft or passage above mentioned, and being wound up
from time to time as required; or a driving wheel at the bottom of the shaft might
be used to give motion to the axis of the fan by means of an endless cord. Above
the fan I also erect a hood, so that the draft produced by the fan may be directed
horizontally.
The revolving of the fan will cause the air surrounding the building to be kept
in movement, giving a pleasant circulation to the air, and will prevent down
drafts in any of the chimney's.
Supposing also that in towns which are now subject to fogs revolving fans were
mounted above the roofs of many of the houses they would keep the air in
circulation and prove a very efficient means for dispersing the fog.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND MOULDING STONE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maximilian Richard Western and
Francis Rowland Clarke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
3rd January 1880.
MAXIMILIAN RICHARD WESTERN and FRANCIS ROWLAND CLARKE, both of No. 114,
Belvedere Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DRESSING AND MOULDING STONE"
Our Invention relates to apparatus for dressing stone to a flat or moulded surface
by the use of a reciprocating cutter, or of a series of such cutters working side by
side. For this purpose we provide a table like that of a planing machine having
to and fro motions, which may be self acting. This table may be made capable of
being canted to various inclinations so as to present the stone as required to the
cutters. On side frames we mount in bearings a revolving shaft having on it tappets
which act on slides mounted in guides in front of the shaft, the action of the
tappets being to raise the slides in opposition to adjustable springs bearing them
down. The, slides have fixed on their lower ends flat, or chisel, or other shaped
cutters, and each slide has on it a collar or shoulder, which when the slide is
propelled downwards by the spring limits its down stroke by coming against a
fixed stop. The slides with their cutters are, by preference, inclined to the plane
of the stone, and it is of advantage to make this inclination adjustable so that the
angle at which the cutter meets the stone may be varied to suit different kinds of
stone. For this purpose we fix the guides for the slides on a frame mounted so
that it can be turned partly round the axis of the tappet shaft, and set in such a
position as to give the desired inclination to the cutters. When a series of cutters
are worked side by side we fix them alternately on the fronts and backs of their
slides so that they clear each other, and we make them of such width that each
cutter somewhat overlaps the next. The blows of the cutters being effected
entirely by the force of their springs when their slides are released from the tappets,
it is of advantage to make these springs adjustable so as to suit the force of the
blow to different qualities of stone and to different cuts. For this purpose each
spring may be made separately adjustable, and all the springs may be adjusted
simultaneously by means of an eccentric or volute shaft extending across them,
which shaft being turned in the one direction or the other compresses the springs or
allows them to extend.. Instead of metallic springs air springs may be employed,
each slide having attached to it a piston or plunger working in a cylinder which is
in communication with a reservoir of compressed air. The air may be compressed
by a pump worked from the driving shaft of the machine until sufficient pressure
is attained.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Henry Gerring and Robert
Edwin Rumsey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st
June 1880.
MARTIN HENRY GERRING and ROBERT EDWIN RUMSEY, both of Greenwich, in
the County of Kent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BICYCLES."
The object of our Invention is to increase the effective radius of the driving
cranks of bicycles on the down stroke and reduce it on the up stroke, so as to
obtain increased leverage at the point where power is applied, and this result wo
accomplish by causing the crank pins which carry the treadles to revolve in orbits
eccentric to the driving wheel axle.
The means we prefer for carrying our Invention into practice consist of stationary
eccentrics about the driving wheel axle fixed one to each branch of the steering
fork in such a position as to increase the radius of the crank when such increased
radius will be most effective, and vice versa, and each encircled by a strap provided
with an arm, to which the crank pin is fixed instead of being fixed to the crank
arm as usual, the crank pin and crank arm being however so connected as to
revolve together, whilst the former is free to bo moved radially along the latter by
the operation of the eccentric.
Instead of the crank pin being movable along the crank arm, the latter might
be made in two parts sliding one on the other, or be fitted to shift across the
driving axle, and be operated in the same way by the eccentric, so as to alter the
length of the crank.
AN IMPROVED PENCIL SHARPENER AND PROTECTOR
Year: 1880

page_text: A com-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnet Solomon Cohen at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1880.
munication from abroad by Charles J. Cohen, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States of America.
BARNET SOLOMON COHEN, of Great Prescot Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Pencil Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED PENCIL SHARPENER AND PROTECTOR."
[A communication from abroad by Charles J. Cohen, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States of America.]
This Invention relates to an improved instrument or device, which serves both as
a sharpener and protector for a pencil. This improved sharpener and protector is
very simple in its construction, is very easily used, and very efficient for both of
the above purposes. It is constructed as follows, that is to say :-It consists of a
single piece of steel bent into a tubular form, and of such a diameter as to fit properly
upon a lead pencil; it is not however made into a complete tube, that is to say,
although it is bent into a tubular or cylindrical form so that its edges meet or nearly
meet each other, yet these edges are not soldered or otherwise secured together;
therefore the said device will close with an elastic pressure upon a pencil inserted
within it. One end of the said tubular piece is made taper or conical, and one sido
of this taper portion is cut away in such a manner as to form a longitudinal slot or
aperture therein. One edge of this slot is sharpened to form the cutting portion of
the said instrument. This cutting edge or portion occupies such a position that
it can be sharpened when required by merely rubbing its outer surface upon a hono.
This improved instrument when used as a protector is placed on the end of the
pencil with the point of the lattor projecting through it; when thus used it adds
When
but slightly to the thickness of the pencil, and feels like a part of the same.
the pencil is not in use its point can be drawn within that of the said instrument,
which then forms a shield around the lead point. When used as a sharpener the
said instrument is held in one hand and the pencil is pressed up to the point of
the instrument and turned therein. The said instrument will sharpen equally well
either round or hexagonal pencils, and will cut the lead therein to such a shape as to
afford a sufficiently fine point for writing properly without weakening the same to
such an extent so as to render it liable to break with ordinary pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thorsten Nordenfelt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1880.
THORSTEN NORDENFELT, of No. 1, Saint Swithin's Lane, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in repeating fire arms.
My repeating arm is a breech loader of the bolt class, such that the withdrawal
of the bolt unstops the breech and leaves a space to receive the cartridge, and the
cartridge having been put into the place vacated by the bolt is thrust into the
barrel by the bolt when the bolt returns to its place. I cause the cartridges to be
automatically fed forward in front of the bolt from an upright tube or cartridge
holder each time that the bolt is drawn back and the breech opened. The tubular
cartridge holder or reservoir may be of any desired height, so that the number of
cartridges which it may contain is limited only by convenience. At its lower end
this reservoir enters at the side of a cylindrical casing, in the centre of which there
is an axis which is parallel to the barrel and which carries a star wheel. The
cartridges descending from the reservoir enter between the spokes or arms of the
wheel feeder. The wheel feeder is made to rotate each time that the breech is
opened by an angular distance equal to the distance between its arms, so that if
it have four arms the wheel feeder makes one quarter of a rotation each time that
the breech is opened; as the cartridges lie between the arms of the wheel feeder
one of them is brought up at each movement, and the parts are so arranged that
the cartridge in one of the spaces of the feeder is opposite to the entrance into the
barrel. When the bolt is moved forward to close the breech it pushes this cartridge
before it into the barrel, just as when arms of this class are loaded with cartridges
supplied singly by hand. The bolt in advancing occupies the space between two
adjacent arms of the wheel feeder, and here it remains until the breech is next
opened. When the bolt. is drawn back it withdraws and ejects the case of the
cartridge last fired in the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED TRAP OR VALVE FOR HOUSE WASTE WATER PIPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Lamb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1880.
JOHN WILLIAM LAMB, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber.
"AN IMPROVED TRAP OR VALVE FOR HOUSE WASTE WATER PIPES."
My Invention is applicable more particularly to the waste water discharge pipes
of dwelling houses or other buildings, as, for example, to the discharge pipes from
kitchen sinks, or from baths or cisterns. It is now customary to lead such pipes
through the outer wall and to arrange for them to discharge into a grid in the open
air. One result of this arrangement is that currents of air flow through the said
pipes into the interiors of buildings, and in many cases convey smells into dwelling
houses. To remedy this defect I apply a trap to the discharge end of the pipe.
The said trap is formed with a slanting mouth or with a suitable mouth piece
against which tits a hinged flap valve, which shuts with its own weight or is shut
by means of a weight according to the position of the valve. I form the said
mouth piece to screw or solder to the discharge end of the pipe, or I form it as a
casting to fasten to the wall, and provide it with a socket in which the end of the
pipe may be cemented or secured. The said trap does not offer obstruction to the
cleansing of the pipe or outlet.