CMER AND MEMORANDUM
Year: 1881

page_text: THE SOCIÈTÈ ANONYME LA PANCLASTITE'S DISCLAIMER AND
MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
Filed 10th May 1884.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME We THE SOCIETE
ANONYME LA PANCLASTITE of N° 56 Rue de la Victoire Paris in the Republic of
France Send Greeting
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Royal Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain_and
Ireland bearing date the eighteenth day of October in the year of Our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one in the 45th year of Her Reign
did for herself her heirs and successors give and grant unto Eugène Turpin
of N° 166 Rue de Charonne Paris in the Republic of France Civil Engineer
his executors administrators and assigns Her especial license full power sole
privilege and authority that be the said Eugène Turpin his executors admini-
strators and assigns or such others as he or they should at any time agree
with and no others from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed should and lawfully might make use exercise and vend within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE TREATMENT AND
APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES OF HYPONITRIC ANHYDRIDE AND APPARATUS
"
"
THEREFOR" for and during the term of Fourteen years then next ensuing upon the
condition amongst others that the complete Specification filed with the Petition for
the said Letters Patent on the eighteenth day of October One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one do particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed AND whereas
by Indenture bearing date the third day of February One thousand eight hundred
and eighty three and made between the said Eugène Turpin of the one part and us
the Sociètè Anonyme La Panclastite of Paris in the Republic of France of the
other part the said Eugène Turpin assigned unto us the said Sociètè Anonyme
La Panclastite of Paris in the Republic of France the said bereinbefore recited
Letters Patent and all rights powers authorities privileges advantages profits
emoluments and benefits to the said Letters Patent appertaining or belonging
AND whereas since the filing of the above mentioned Specification it has been
amended by Disclaimer filed on the twenty first November One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two
Din 1
AND whereas since the date of the said Disclaimer and

page_text: since the date of the said assignment we have been advised and have ascertained
that the said Specification as amended still contains matters which are of doubtful
novelty or which are not of sufficient practical value and utility to justify their
retention and we are therefore desirous of striking out the third fourth and fifth
claiming clauses contained in the said Specification and of striking out parts of 5
the description contained in the body of the said Specification and also of
otherwise altering the said Specification and of striking out certain of the figures
in the drawing annexed thereto in manner more fully hereafter appearing
" to
NOW KNOW YE that we the said Sociètè Anonyme la Panclastite by and with
the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor General and for the reasons aforesaid Do alter 1
the said Specification by striking out of the said Specification printed by the Queen's
Printers and published at the Great Seal Patent Office in January One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three the words "to various purposes" and "apparatus
therefor" which occur in the title of the invention at lines forty five and forty six
respectively of Page 3 of the Specification. We also strike out the words
various purposes" which occur at line forty seven of the said Page 3 and substitute
We also strike out the words
therefor the words "as hereinafter described,"
"and apparatus therefor" which occur at line forty eight of the said Page 3; we
also strike out the word "Firstly" which occurs on line 50 of the said Page 3;
We also strike out the words "capable of giving light and heat or" which occur at
line fifty one of the said Page 3, We also strike out the words "as the case may
We also strike out the
be" which occur on line fifty two of the said page 3.
"KONO + C + 8"
whole of lines fifty three and fifty four of the said page 3 and lines One. two and
three of Page 4. We also strike out the words "and this mixture is accompanied
by a great lowering" which occur at line five of the said page 4 we also strike
out the words "of temperature at line six of the said Page 4 We also strike out
that part of the Specification commencing with the words "it presents the" at
at line
line six of the said Page 4 and ending with the symbol Powder
eight of the said Page 4. We also add the word "it" between the words
"conditions" and "explodes" which occur at line eight of the said Page 4 We
also strike out the words "better still" which occur at line ten of the said page 4.
We also strike out the whole of lines fourteen to eighteen inclusive of the said
Page 4. We also add between the figure "6" and word "is" on line twenty one
We also
of the said Page 4 the words "to which no separate claim is made "
insert after the word "used" which occurs at line forty six of the said Page 4
the words "no claim is made separately to the above mentioned or other equivalent
arrangements which may as is obvious be used for charging the explosive
compound
"
"
"
"
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We also strike out that portion of the Specification commencing with the words
'I have before" at line forty seven of the said Page 4 and ending with the words
the like" at line thirty two Page 5. We also strike out the words "or an
" inflammable material (selenophanite") which occur at line thirty eight of the
said Page 5 We also strike out the whole of lines forty one to forty nine of the
said Page 5. We also strike out of the drawing annexed to the said Specification
the following figures videlicet figures 7. 8. 9. 10. 17 and 18.
And in order that the effect of the said Disclaimer may be clearly understood
we annex hereunto a copy of the said Specification and Drawing as they will
appear when so amended the preamble and testing Clause being omitted.
EUGÈNE TURPIN of N° 166 Rue de Charonne Paris in the Republic of France
Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF HYPONITRIC ANHYDRIDE
My invention relates to Improvements in the application as hereinafter describe
of hyponitric anhydride or peroxyde of nitrogen and the invention consists i
mixing it with sulphuret of Carbon (C.S) in suitable quantities which produce
substances constituting explosive compounds.

page_text: Sulphuret of Carbon (C.S³) mixes with peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric
anhydride in any proportions I call this mixture panclastite and under certain
conditions it explodes with great energy like nitro-glycerine I employ for this
purpose a priming of fulminate of mercury similar to that made for dynamite or a
charge of fine powder placed in the interior of the cartridge which avoids the
danger arising from the employment of fulminate. In free air its ignition by fire
produces a most quiet and brilliant combustion
Panclastite is uncongealable. Under the effect of percussion of a priming it will
explode at any temperature.
The apparatus represented at figure 6 to which no separate claim is made is
employed for preparing the panclastite. It consists of two cans B containing
respectively, sulphuret of carbon and peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric
anhydride; the tubes C conduct the liquids into the graduated Receiver D; placed
at the side are the volume indicators E-The apparatus is shewn with a shell
being charged.
To obtain a solid mixture and thus avoid danger from shocks from the beating
or dashing about of the liquid I can cause it to be absorbed by means of any
suitable inert substance such as limestone, silica or infusorial earth.
The resistance to shock of absorbed panclastite renders it eminently appropriate
for charging hollow projectiles torpedoes, mine chambers, and the like. Its effects
under water are formidable. The product being volatile the projectile should be
modified in construction to enable it to be charged with panclastit; it is necessary
that the closing should be tight. Figures 11. 12. 13 and 14 shew arrangements
for effecting this by means of a hermetical priming plug G. A, is the body of the
shell; B the interior. In the interior is shewn the charge of powder which
explodes the panclastite and which thus serves as priming. On this air tight plug
is mounted the fuse F figure 14 or other kind of fuse.
Figures 15 and 16 shew the shell loaded. Under the bottom and cast with it is
a hexagonal shaped piece for preventing the shell from turning by its being
enclosed in a fixed plate when the Plug G figure 11 is fixed by means of a wrench.
This arrangement has for its object to avoid damaging the lead covering intended
to be embedded in the rifling of the piece.
The panclastite may also be employed in hollow projectiles by means of fuses on
the Congreve system In this case the fuse is armed either with a box or with a
shell charged with this material in a similar manner to that employed when
Gunpowder is used. No claim is made separately to the above mentioned or other
quivalent arrangements which may as is obvious be used for charging the explosive
compound.
Having thus described the said Invention and the best means I am acquainted
vith for carrying the same into effect. I wish it to be understood that what I
laim is
Firstly The herein before described mixture of liquid peroxyde of nitrogen or
yponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon, producing an explosive material
panclastite)
Secondly-The application of the panclastite to the charging of cartridges
rojectiles torpedoes and the like substantially as hereinbefore described
In witness whereof we the undersigned Pierre Ernest Levalloit and Charles
oget of and on behalf of La Sociètè Anonyme La Panclastite have hereto set our
ands and seals this twenty sixth day of March One thousand eight hundred and
ghty four.
PIERRE ERNEST LEVALLOIT
1701

page_text: Notice of this application for leave to amend Laving been advertized in
accordance with my directions-I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the
above named La Société Anonyme La Panclastite (the Assignees of the said Letters
Patent) to file in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which the
same relates the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
AL: 10th day of May 1884-
Dated
ADDED HERSCHELL

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I EUGÈNE
TURPIN of No. 166 Rue de Charonne Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer send greeting WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria
by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland bearing date the eighteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty one and numbered 4544
in the forty fifth year of Her Reign did for herself her heirs and successors
give and grant unto me the said Eugène Turpin my executors administrators
and assigns Her_especial license full power sole privilege and authority that I
the said Eugène Turpin my executors, administrators and assigns or such others
as I or they should at any time agree with and no others from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and lawfully
might make use exercise and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man an Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, TREATMENT AND APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
OF HYPONITRIC ANHYDRIDE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" upon the condition amongst
others that the Complete Specification filed with my Petition for the Letters Patent
on the eighteenth day of October one thousand eight hundred and eighty one do
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed And Whereas since the date of the said
Letters Patent I have been advised and have ascertained that the said Specification
contains matters which are of doubtful novelty or which are not of sufficient
practical value and utility to justify their retention And I am therefore desirous
of striking out the first, seventh, eighth and ninth claiming clauses contained in
the said specification and of striking out parts of the description contained in the
body of the said Specification and also of otherwise altering the said specification
and the drawing annexed thereto and of striking out certain of the figures in the
said drawing in inanner more fully hereafter appearing NOW KNOW YE that
I the said Eugène Turpin by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Solicitor

page_text: "
دو
"
"
"
General and for the reasons aforesaid do alter the said Specification by striking
out of the said Specification printed by the Queen's printers and published at
the Great Seal Patent Office in March 1882 the words "manufacture, treatment
and" which occur in the title of the invention at line four, page 1, I also strike
out the words "manufacture, treatment and" which occur at line seven page 1,
I also add the words "or peroxyde of nitrogen" between the words " anhydride
and "and" which occur on line eight of the said page 1, I also strike out
the whole of line ten on the said page 1. I also strike out the word
Secondly" which occurs at the commencement of line eleven on the said page 1,
and substitute therefor the word "Firstly." I also strike out the word "Thirdly
which occurs at the commencement of line fourteen on the said page 1, and
substitute therefor the word "Secondly." I also strike out of the said page 1,
lines sixteen to twenty three inclusive. also strike out the words and figure "to
one atmosphere at 51°, one atmosphere and a half and so on" on line one of
When"
page 2. I also strike out the word "it" which occurs between the words
and "is" on the said line one of page 2, and substitute therefor the words
peroxyde of nitrogen" I also strike out the word "anhydrite" which occurs
between the words "is" and "and" on line two of the said page
and substitute
therefor the word "anhydrous' I also strike out the words "an energetic
oxydizer and" which occur on line three of the said page 2. I also strike out that
" Its action on line four
portion of the Specification commencing with the words
of the said page 2, and ending with the words " of lead on line twenty three of
the said page 2. I also strike out the word "dissolves" which occurs between the
letters and figure "(CS2)" and the word "peroxyde" on page 2, line twenty four
and substitute therefor the words "mixes with I also add the word " great
between the words "a" and "lowering" on line twenty five of the said page 2,
and I strike out the words and figures "of from 15° to 20° centigrade" which
occur at the commencement of line twenty six of the said page 2, I also strike out
the word "an which occurs at page 2, line thirty between the words "with" and
" energy and substitute therefor the word "great" I also strike out that portion
of the Specification commencing with the words "equal if" on the said line thirty
page 2, and ending with the words "of fire" on line thirty two of the said page 2,
and I substitute therefor the words "like nitro glycerine" I also strike out that
portion of the Specification commencing with the words "It does
on page 2, line
thirty six and ending with the words "of iron" on the said page at the end of line
thirty eight. I also add the letter M, between the words " joint" and "Figure
which occur on line forty two of the said page 2. I also strike out that portion of
the Specification commencing with the words "As they on the said page line
forty four and ending with the words " explosion and it' on the said page 2 line
fifty three and I add the word Panclastite" before the words "is uncongealable
on the said line fifty three page 2. I also strike out the letter and word
which occur between the word " cans " and the letter "B" on the said page 2 line
fifty six. I also strike out the letter and words " H is an " at the end of line one page
3, and the words "air tube" at the commencement of line two on the same page.
I also strike out of page 3, lines three to seven inclusive I also insert the words
danger from " between the words "avoid" and "shocks" which occur on line eight
of the said page 3. I also strike out the words "although harmless "in the paren-
thesis which occurs between the words "shocks" and "from on page 3, line eight.
66
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33
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A and
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I also insert the words "to shock" between the words "resistance" and "of "which
occur on line eleven of the said page 3 and I insert the word "absorbed "between
the words "of" and "panclastite" which occur on the said line eleven page 3, and
I strike out the words "to concussion" which occur between the words "panclastite
and "renders on the said line eleven page 3. I also strike out the word "air"
which occurs between the words "be" and "tight" on line fifteen of the said
page 3 I also strike out the letter "C" which occurs between the word "plug
and letter "A" on line sixteen of the said page 3, and substitute therefor the
letter "G" I also strike out of the specification that portion commencing with
"

page_text: the word "preferably" on line seventeen of the said page 3, and ending with the
word "outside" on line eighteen of the said page 3 I also strike out the letter "C"
which occurs between the words "plug" and "figure" on line twenty three of the
said page 3, and substitute therefor the letter "G" I also strike out of page 3,
lines thirty to forty three inclusive. I also strike out the word "Figure" which
occurs at the commencement of line fifty one of the said page 3, and substitute
therefor the words and figure "Figures 17 and" I also strike out the word
'represents which occurs between the figure "18" and the word
"
"
an" and
substitute therefor the word "represent". I also add before the word "develop-
ment" at the commencement of line nine on.page 4, the word "large" and I strike
out of the said line nine the words and figures "the temperature of which may be
estimated at about 3000" and I also strike out the words "degrees centigrade" at
the commencement of line ten on the same page. I also add the word "phosphorus "
between the words "dissolve" and "in" on line seventeen of the said page 4, and
I strike out the words "a derivative of phosphorus or better still" on the said line
seventeen and the words "phosphorus itself" at the commencement of line eighteen
on the said page 4. I also strike out that portion of the specification commencing
with the words "but I prefer " on line twenty of the said page 4 and ending with
the word "carbon" on line twenty one of the said page 4. I also add between the
words "cocks" and "may" which occur on line twenty five of the said page 4, the
letter, word, and figure "E figure 17" I also strike out the words "subterranean
works" which occur on line twenty nine of the said page 4. I also strike out the
words "mining works" which occur on line thirty of the said page 4. I also strike
out of page 4 lines thirty one to fifty five inclusive. I also strike out of page 5,
lines four to six inclusive. I also strike out the word "Secondly" which occurs at
the commencement of line seven on the said page 5 and substitute therefor the
word "Firstly'
" I also strike out the word Thirdly which occurs at the
commencement of line ten on the said page 5, and substitute therefor the word
Secondly" I also strike out the word "Fourthly" which occurs at the
commencement of line twelve on the said page 5, and substitute therefor the word
Thirdly I also strike out the word "torpedoes" which occurs between the
words "cartridges" and "and" on the said line twelve. I also strike out the word
"Fifthly" which occurs at the cominencement of line fifteen on the said page 5
and substitute therefor the word "Fourthly" I also strike out the word Sixthly
which occurs at the commencement of line eighteen on the said page 5 and
substitute therefor the word "Fifthly " I also strike out of page 5, lines twenty
two to twenty eight inclusive. I also strike out of the drawing annexed to the
said Specification the following figures videlicet: figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 20, 21, 22
and 23. I also add to figure 8 of the said drawing the letter "C" to indicate the
screw bolt of the cartridge which the said figure 8, represents. And in order that.
the effect of the said Disclaimer may be clearly understood I annex hereunto a
copy of the said Specification and drawing as they will appear when so amended,
the preamble and testing clause being omitted.
"
"
"
"
EUGÈNE TURPIN of No. 166 Rue de Charonne, Paris in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES OF
HYPONITRIC ANHYDRIDE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
"
"
My invention relates to improvements in the application to various purposes of
hyponitric anhydride or peroxyde of nitrogen and apparatus therefor, and tho
Invention consists;-
Firstly. In mixing it with sulphuret of carbon (CS) in suitable quantities, which
produces substances capable of giving light and heat or constituting explosive
compounds, as the case may be.
Secondly. In the arrangement and construction of apparatus for utilizing the
herein before described properties of these mixtures.

page_text: When peroxyde of nitrogen is pure it is anhydrous and does not affect (either
heated or cold) iron, steel, tin, copper, or aluminium. It acts in general as an
excellent combustive agent.
Sulphuret of carbon (CS) mixes with peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric
anhydride in any proportions, and this inixture is accompanied by a great lowering
of temperature. I call this mixture panclastite; it presents the elementary
composition of gunpowder, less one equivalent of oxygen and one of oxyde of
potassium NO* + CS° KONO+C+ S, and under certain conditions explodes
Panclastite
=
Powder.
.
with great energy like nitro glycerine. I employ for this purpose a priming of
fulminate of mercury similar to that made for dynamite, or, better still, a charge
of fine powder placed in the interior of the cartridge, which avoids the danger
arising from the employment of fulminate. In free air its ignition by fire produces
a most quiet and brilliant combustion.
I utilize its explosive properties by means of the cartridges represented at
Figures 8 and 9. A is a tinned sheet iron tube; B, & nut soldered on this tube;
C, a screw bolt to which is soldered the tube D, carrying a fuze and a priming of
fulminate H. A ring of tin forms a hermetical joint M. Figure 10 represents the
same tube with a priming of fine powder.
Panclastite is uncongealable. Under the effect of percussion of a priming it will
explode at any temperature.
The apparatus represented at Figure 6 is employed for preparing the panclastite.
It consists of two cans B containing respectively sulphuret of carbon and peroxyde
of nitrogen or byponitric anhydride; the tubes C, conduct the liquids into the
graduated receiver D; placed at the side are the volume indicators E. The apparatus
is shewn with a shell being charged.
To obtain a solid mixture and thus avoid danger from shocks from the beating
or dashing about of the liquid, I can cause it to be absorbed by means of any
suitable inert substance, such as limestone, silica, or infusorial earth.
Its effects
The resistance to shock of absorbed panclastite renders it eminently appropriate
for charging hollow projectiles, torpedoes, mine chambers, and the like.
under water are formidable. The product being volatile the projectile should be
modified in construction to enable it to be charged with panclastite; it is necessary
that the closing should be tight. Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 shew arrangements
for effecting this by means of a hermetical priming plug G. A is the body of the
shell; B, the interior. In the interior is shewn the charge of powder which
explodes the panclastite, and which thus serves as priming. On this air tight plug
is mounted the fuse F, figure 14, or other kind of fuse.
Figures 15 and 16 shew the shell loaded. Under the bottom and cast with it
is a hexagonal shaped piece for preventing the shell from turning by its being
enclosed in a fixed plate when the plug G, Figure 11, is fixed by means of a
wrench. This arrangement has for its object to avoid damaging the lead covering
intended to be imbedded in the rifling of the piece.
The panclastite may also be employed in bollow projectiles by means of fuses
on the Congreve system. In this case the fuse is armed either with a box or with
a shell charged with this material in a similar manner to that employed when
gunpowder is used.
I have before stated that when burning in free air the mixture of peroxyde of
nitrogen or byponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon gives a brilliant light.
I utilize this property for lighting, and by reason of the colour of the flame I call
the substance selenophanite.
Figure 7 shews a small lighting apparatus. The mixture is poured into &
receiver placed above a curved hair tube immersed in cold water and passing
under a steel cupel in which the mixture is burnt.
Figures 17 and 18 represent an apparatus for projecting light provided with a
spherical mirror M, and with a Fresnel lens L. For better safety and to avoid

page_text: accidents I prefer to cause the two liquids to enter the fire cup F, separately by
means of hair tubes of about one twenty fifth of an inch in diameter.
All the danger which arises in the production of the oxyhydrogen or Drummont
light is thus avoided, the peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride coming
from the receiver A, and the sulphuret of carbon from the receiver B. All
carburets of hydrogen and combustible substances in general may be thus burnt
with a great increase in their lighting power. The burner F, is constantly fed
with a current of cold water coming from receivers placed over the lantern. This
water is received as required in a box placed under the apparatus. The light
projecting apparatus may be fixed on a small carriage drawn by hand, and in
which the connections may be placed.
The flame of which I have just described the applications is accompanied with a
large development of heat. Iron is thereby melted. instantaneously; the mixture
of equal quantities of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret
of carbon is capable of melting its own weight of platinum. Graphite placed in this
flame commences to become fused. This flame may therefore be advantageously
applied in all cases where a very high temperature is required.
But there is a means of rendering still more brilliant the flame produced by the
combustion of the mixture above described. For this purpose it is only necessary
to dissolve phosphorus in sulphuret of carbon. The colour of the flame produced
resembles that of the sun, and I give to the product the name of heliophanite.
The quantity of phosphorus may be varied. This solution comes from a particular
vessel, and meets at the point of ignition, the peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric
anhydride coming from another vessel. The apparatus herein before described for
the employment of selenophanite may be used in this case. The selenophanite
and the heliophanite may be used alternately for lighting. The three cocks E,
figure 17 may be opened or closed at once by means of gearing. The selenophanite
is ignited by a body in ignition, or by a flame, whilst the heliophanite ignites
itself spontaneously.
These two lights are applicable in warfare for optical telegraphs, lighting
armies, pointing guns, and the like, and industrially for lighting night works and
the like.
Having thus described, the said Invention and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is :-
Firstly. The herein before described mixture of liquid peroxyde of nitrogen or
hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon, producing an explosive material
(panclastite) or an inflammable material (selenophanite)
Secondly. The application of the panclastite to the charging of cartridges,
projectiles, torpedoes, and the like, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Thirdly. The improved construction of shells, fuses, cartridges and the like,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn in the accompanying drawing.
Fourthly. The combination of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride,
sulphuret of carbon, and phosphorus for the production of a substance (heliophanite)
to be employed for obtaining light, substantially as herein before described.
Fifthly. The application of the selenophanite and heliophanite to the production
of light, and the apparatus connected therewith, such as the apparatus for lighting
optical telegraphs and lamps, as herein before described and shewn in the
accompanying drawing.
In Witness whereof I the said Eugène Turpin have hereto set my hand and
seal this twenty fifth day of September in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty two

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
Notice of The application for leave to file this Disclaimer having been advertized
as directed by me, I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named
Eugène Turpin, to file in, the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with the
Specification to which the same relates, the above written Disclaimer and t
Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugène Turpin, of No. 166, Rue de Charonne, Paris, in
the Republic of France, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUfacture, TreATMENT, AND APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
OF HYPONITRIC ANHYDRIDE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Eugène Turpin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1881.
EUGENE TURPIN, of No. 166, Rue de Charonne, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, TREATMENT, AND
APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES OF HYPONITRIC ANHYDRIDE AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR"
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture, treatment, and
application to various purposes of hyponitric anhydride and apparatus therefor,
and the Invention consists,
Firstly. In manufacturing peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride (NO).
Secondly. In mixing it with sulphuret of carbon (CS³) in suitable quantities,
which produces substances capable of giving light and heat or constituting
explosive compounds, as the case may be.
Thirdly. In the arrangement and construction of apparatus for utilizing the
hereinbefore described properties of these mixtures.
Fourthly. In the application of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride to
the manufacture of various chemical products.
Fifthly. In the application of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride to
the artificial production of cold.
Peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride (NO) boils at 21°.8 centigrade
under a pressure of thirty inches of mercury; in evaporating in a vacuum it may
lower its temperature to 17° centigrade; it then solidifies, and its temperature rises
to +125 centigrade. At 45°1/, centigrade the pressure of its vapour corresponds
[Prine C71

page_text: When it is pure
it is anhydrite, and does not affect (either heated or cold) iron, steel, tin, copper, or
aluminium. It acts in general as an energetic oxydizer and an excellent com-
bustive agent. Its action on organization is little to be dreaded; besides, the
presence of its vapours may be advantageously counteracted by ammonia.
to one atmosphere; at 51°, one atmosphere and a half, and so on.
To obtain pure peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride I may reduce nitric
acid, or decompose this acid by means of organic substances, such as sugar or starch;
or I may extract it from the nitrous sulphuric acid produced in the manufacture of
this acid; but I prefer to decompose nitrate of lead by means of fire.
This salt is introduced into a cast iron retort A, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, heated
to a red heat. The peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride and the oxygen,
after having passed over sulphuric acid contained in the rectifier B, and employed
for absorbing the water-steam drawn along, enter by the conduits M into enamelled
cast iron condensers C, immersed in a refrigerating vat E, maintained at zero by
means of a freezing machine. At G is shewn the refrigerator immersed in the
refrigerating liquid F. The oxygen escapes at D, and may be employed in any
suitable manner; for example, in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
The peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride is received in vessels in which
it may be examined, and then the water which it may still contain is completely
removed. Thence a steel pump O sends it into the vessels L, from whence it is
poured into tinned cans. The residue from the calcination is litharge, which by the
addition of a certain quantity of nitric acid may be converted afresh into nitrate
of lead.
Sulphuret of carbon (CS³) dissolves peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride
in any proportions, and this mixture is accompanied by a lowering of temperature
of from 15° to 20° centigrade. I call this mixture panclastite; it presents the
elementary composition of gunpowder, less one equivalent of oxygen and one of
oxyde of potassium, NO + CS2 = KO NO* + C + S, and under certain conditions,
Panclastite.
Powder.
explodes with an energy equal if not superior to that of pure nitro-glycerine, but
in order that the detonation may take place it is necessary that it should receive a
violent concussion in presence of fire. I employ for this purpose a priming of
fulminate of mercury similar to that made for dynamite, or, better still, a charge
of fine powder placed in the interior of the cartridge, which avoids the danger
arising from the employment of fulminate. In free air its ignition by fire produces
a most quiet and brilliant combustion. It does not explode by shock of any kind.
The fall of a weight of about 1,600 lbs. from a height of ten feet does not effect an
explosion between two pieces of iron.
I utilize its explosive properties by means of the cartridges represented at
Figures 8 and 9. A is a tinned sheet iron tube; B, a nut soldered on this tube;
C, a screw bolt to which is soldered the tube D, carrying a fuze and a priming of
fulminate H. A ring of tin forms a hermetical joint. Figure 10 represents the
same tube with a priming of fine powder.
As they are in no danger from shocks and are not primed with fulminate, they
are safe from any danger which might otherwise result from handling, transport, or
packing. The safety for storage of panclastite is unlimited; there is no probability
of spontaneous explosions taking place. As there is neither action nor combination
it is not susceptible to reaction or decomposition, and, besides, the two bodies of
which it is composed are separately fixed, that is to say, they do not readily become
decomposed. When it has been kept for a long time, if it is poured into a flat
vessel, the peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride evaporates, and leaves pure
sulphuret of carbon. It may be heated to 200° centigrade without causing an
explosion, and it is uncongealable. Under the effect of percussion of a priming it
will explode at any temperature.
The apparatus represented at Figure 6 is employed for preparing the panclastite.
It consists of two cans A and B, containing respectively sulphuret of carbon and
peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride; the tubes C conduct the liquids into

page_text: the graduated receiver D; placed at the side are the volume indicators E; H is an
air tube. The apparatus is shewn with a shell being charged.
The maximum power is perceptibly obtained by the mixture in equal quantities
of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon. Its
explosive force may be varied at will by increasing the proportion of the hypo-
nitric anhydride or of the sulphuret of carbon. In each case the force of the
explosion would be diminished.
To obtain a solid mixture and thus avoid shocks (although harmless) from the
beating or dashing about of the liquid, I can cause it to be absorbed by means of
any suitable inert substance, such as limestone, silica, or infusorial earth.
The resistance of panclastite to concussion renders it eminently appropriate
for charging hollow projectiles, torpedoes, mine chambers, and the like. Its effects
under water are formidable. The product being volatile the projectile should be
modified in construction to enable it to be charged with panclastite; it is necessary
that the closing should be air tight. Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 shew arrangements
for effecting this by means of a hermetical priming plug C. A is the body of the
shell; B, the interior preferably enamelled for preservation; the plug C is enamelled
on its outside. In the interior is shewn the charge of powder which explodes the
panclastite, and which thus serves as priming. On this air tight plug is mounted
the fuse F, Figure 14, or other kind of fuse.
Figures 15 and 16 shew the shell loaded.
Under the bottom and cast with it is
a hexagonal shaped piece for preventing the shell from turning by its being enclosed
in a fixed plate when the plug C, Figure 11, is fixed by means of a wrench. This
arrangement has for its object to avoid damaging the lead covering intended to be
imbedded in the rifling of the piece.
The panclastite may also be employed in hollow projectiles by means of fuses on
the Congreve system. In this case the fuse is armed either with a box or with a
shell charged with this material in a similar manner to that employed when gun-
powder is used.
Although panclastite does not explode from concussion, it may sometimes be
advisable (in the case of very heavy charges of powder employed when it is
required to suddenly communicate a considerable speed to the projectile) to diminish
the shock produced on this projectile. For this purpose I propose to employ the
gun carriage shewn in Figures 20, 21, 22, and 23. The cannon slides on two
trunnion plates fitted with a dovetail hole B, and buffered by strong spiral
springs D, each placed within a cylinder, and compressed by a piston C receiving
the recoil of the cannon. The slides are in an inclined plane; the cannon rises up
this plane and comes back to its place after it has been fired. It carries under the
breech a rectangular triangle E, having the same acute angle as the inclination of
the slides. The parallel position of the pivot of the cannon with the line of firing
thus remains constant. The shock on the projectile is thus less violent, and even
if the carriage were incapable of being moved the recoil of the piece would never-
theless be effected.
I have before stated that when burning in free air the mixture of peroxyde of
nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon gives a brilliant light.
I utilize this property for lighting, and by reason of the colour of the flame I call
the substance selenophanite.
Figure 7 shews a small lighting apparatus. The mixture is poured into a receiver
placed above a curved hair tube immersed in cold water and passing under a steel
cupel in which the mixture is burnt.
Figure 18 represents an apparatus for projecting light provided with a spherical
mirror M, and with a Fresnel lens L. For better safety and to avoid accidents I
prefer to cause the two liquids to enter the fire cup F separately by means of hair
tubes of about one twenty fifth of an inch in diameter.
All the danger which arises in the production of the oxyhydrogen or Drummont
light is thus avoided, the peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride coming

page_text: from the receiver A, and the sulphuret of carbon from the receiver B. All carburets
of hydrogen and combustible substances in general may be thus burnt with a great
increase in their lighting power. The burner F is constantly fed with a current of
cold water coming from receivers placed over the lantern. This water is received
as required in a box placed under the apparatus. The light projecting apparatus
may be fixed on a small carriage drawn by hand, and in which the connections
may be placed.
The flame of which I have just described the applications is accompanied with a
developement of heat, the temperature of which may be estimated at about 3000
degrees centigrade. Iron is thereby melted instantaneously; the mixture of equal
quantities of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret of
carbon is capable of melting its own weight of platinum. Graphite placed in this
flame commences to become fused. This flame may therefore be advantageously
applied in all cases where a very high temperature is required.
But there is a means of rendering still more brilliant the flame produced by the
combustion of the mixture above described. For this purpose it is only necessary
to dissolve in sulphuret of carbon a derivative of phosphorus, or, better still,
phosphorus itself. The colour of the flame produced resembles that of the sun, and
I give to the product the name of heliophanite. The quantity of phosphorus may
be varied, but I prefer to employ four parts of phosphorus dissolved in one part of
sulphuret of carbon. This solution comes from a particular vessel, and meets at
the point of ignition, the peroxyde of nitrogen or byponitric anhydride coming
from another vessel. The apparatus herein-before described for the employment of
selenophanite may be used in this case. The selenophanite and the heliophanite
may be used alternately for lighting. The three cocks may be opened or closed
at once by means of gearing. The selenophanite is ignited by a body in
ignition, or by a flame, whilst the heliophanite ignites itself spontaneously.
These two lights are applicable in warfare for optical telegraphs, lighting
armies, pointing guns, subterranean works, and the like, and industrially for
lighting night works, mining works, and the like.
As it oxydizes energetically peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride may
be applied to many different purposes in chemical industry, such as the
following:-
Alcohol treated cold is transformed under the influence of a very small quantity
of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride into nitrous ether, aldehyd, and
finally into acetic acid. The reaction is very rapid, and necessitates a constant
refrigeration.
Benzine is affected very strongly by peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride,
and is transformed into nitro-benzine.
The facility with which peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride vaporizes
in vacuum produces a cold of 10 degrees to 12 degrees centigrade. This cold may
be utilized (by producing its solidification by the absorption of a great quantity of
caloric (latent heat of fusion)) to the artificial production of ice and cold.
Its boiling point allows the working of the apparatus without appreciable
pressure, and with a water of condensation of a relatively low temperature, for
example, 15 degrees centigrade.
It is only necessary for this application to substitute the peroxyde of nitrogen
or hyponitric anhydride either for the anhydrous sulphuric acid or the methylic
ether employed in ice machines, the theory and the principal parts remaining sub-
stantially the same. As the mixture of the vapours of peroxyde of nitrogen or
hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon can be exploded, and thus furnish a
considerable force, I can inject these vapours separately by means of pumps or
othe--
heat,
suite
m separate receivers, to which is applied or not a suitable source of
duct them into a motive cylinder, where they are ignited by any
such, for example, as that employed in gas engines.

page_text: Having thus described the said Invention, and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is,
Firstly. The manufacture of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride by the
means and apparatus hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
Secondly. The herein before described mixture of liquid peroxyde of nitrogen or
hyponitric anhydride and sulphuret of carbon, producing an explosive material
(panclastite), and an inflammable material (selenophanite).
Thirdly. The application of the panclastite to the charging of cartridges,
projectiles, torpedoes, and the like, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fourthly. The improved construction of shells, fuses, cartridges, torpedoes, and
the like, substantially as herein before described and shewn in the accompanying
Drawing.
Fifthly. The combination of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride,
sulphuret of carbon, and phosphorus for the production of a substance (heliophanite)
to be employed for obtaining light, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Sixthly. The application of the selenophanite and heliophanite to the production
of light, and the apparatus connected therewith, such as the apparatus for lighting
optical telegraphs and lamps, as hereinbefore described and shewn in the accom-
panying Drawing.
Seventhly. The application of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride to
the manufacture of various chemical products, such as acetic acid and other chemical
products, as herein before described.
Eighthly. The application of peroxyde of nitrogen or hyponitric anhydride to
the production of cold, substantially as hereinbefore described, and,
Ninthly. The application of the combustion of the united vapours of peroxyde
of nitrogen and sulphuret of carbon for the production of motive power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eugène Turpin, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
EUG. TURPIN. (L.S.)