matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREEN COLOURING MATTERS TO BE USED IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1864.
I, HENRY CARTER, of the Camberwell New Road, in the County of Surrey,
in the employ of William Mather, of 14, Bath Street, Newgate Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREEN COLOURING MATTERS TO BE USED IN DYEING
AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
I produce green coloring matters or dyes by taking soluble extract of
indigo, or the blue or purple colors or dyes obtained from aniline or
toluidine or their analogues, or any mixtures of these, the only condition being
that the color or mixture of colors shall be soluble in water, alcohol, or acids,
and adding thereto either sulphate of copper or sulphate of iron, or a mixture
of these two salts in proper proportions. To this mixture I then add oxalic
acid or other mineral or organic acid, and apply heat. I sometimes vary the
shade of green thus produced by adding thereto, either during the process
of manufacture or afterwards, picric acid or any yellow or orange color
obtained from aniline or toluidine or their analogues. The coloring matters
thus produced are then purified by processes already well known.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING THE LOWER PARTS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murdoch Napier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1864.
I, JAMES MURDOCH NAPIER, of York Road, Lambeth, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING THE
LOWER PARTS OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleansing
the lower parts of boots and shoes. It is well known that much dirt and dust
is carried into public and other buildings, and to other places where cleanliness
is desirable, on the boots and shoes of persons passing into and about such
buildings and places, notwithstanding that mats and in some cases brushes
are provided to enable persons to cleanse the lower parts of the boots and
shoes.
Now the present Invention consists in constructing and applying apparatus
in order that the lower parts of the boots and shoes of persons passing into
and about such buildings and places may be cleansed without requiring thought
on the part of the wearers of boots and shoes. For these purposes a grating
suitable to be walked on is provided in the place where it is desired that the
cleansing of the lower parts of the boots and shoes shall be effected, and
between the bars of the grating there is applied a mat or brush or other
suitable cleansing surface made of vulcanized india-rubber or other material,
which is caused to move by any suitable power. The bristles or other pro-
jecting fibres or parts of the moving mat or cleanser project somewhat above

page_text: the top surface of the grating. By these means the lower parts of the boots
and shoes of persons standing or walking on the grating will be cleansed, and
in order that such moving mats, brushes, or cleansers may be kept free from
dirt and dust, apparatus is in some cases applied for receiving dirt and dust
from them into a proper receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES OF IRON, AND IN MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Larcom at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1864.
I, WILLIAM LARCOM, of Gosport, in the County of Hampshire, Leading
Man of Shipwrights, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF SHIPS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES OF IRON, AND IN MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a framing of longitudinal and vertical
battens dovetailed, with the sides bevelled and filled in with one of the con-
positions hereafter described, or with a bituminous or other like suitable
composition, upon which battens and composition I secure a sheeting of
copper. I fasten the battens to the ship or other structure by means of one
of my compositions, marine or Hay's glue, or other suitable cement, and by
means of screws which enter into the plates, but do not traverse them. For
protecting the keel of ships I insert African oak or other hard wood under
the bottom of the keel, and secure it by means of copper carried from the
lowest longitudinal wooden battens. The whole surface of the plates is first
coated with marine glue, Hay's glue, or one of my compositions, and the
battens are covered first with coal tar and pitch, and then with tarred paper.
My compositions for filling in the spaces between the battens and for
bedding the battens in are as follows:-No. 1, mineral naphtha, roman
cement, boiled linseed oil and sand in about equal proportions, together with

page_text: more or less hair or fibre; No. 2, Stockholm tar, roman cement, pitch and
sand in about equal parts, and more or less hair or fibre; No. 3, waterproof
glue, sand, roman cement, pitch in about equal proportions, with more or less
hair or fibre; No. 4, naphtha, waterproof glue, pitch and coal tar in about
equal proportions, and more or less sawdust.
-AN IMPROVED SPRING TENSION REGULATOR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1864. A communication from abroad by Thomas Silver, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the International Patent Office, No. 12,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "-AN
IMPROVED SPRING TENSION REGULATOR," a communication, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the employment of a peculiar
mechanical device for regulating the tension of springs, whereby a uniform
resistance is secured, and an effect similar to that produced by a weight is
obtained. With an ordinary spring is combined an eccentric, through which
the power of the spring is transmitted in such a manner that the first resistance
is against a long radius, and as the eccentric is turned this radius diminishes
or shortens in proportion to the increased force of the spring by compression
or extension. The end or moving part of the spring and its contending forces
are connected by a chain or other flexible substitute, which is fixed to the
eccentric at its longest radius, and is passed over or so far around it as to
lead to the intended position for operating between the two resisting points.
The eccentric is made adjustable by means of a set screw passing through it in
a line with which its leverage force is to be changed, so that by turning the
set screw right or left the effective tension of the spring may be changed in any

page_text: desired way, or in other words, the effective force of the spring may be perfectly
controlled by adjusting the eccentric with the screw.
For the purpose of lessening the friction the eccentric turns upon a movable
bearing, but is maintained in its position by the pins or points of the axis
turning in short slots combined with the force of the spring. In order to
adjust the force of the spring to any determined resistance, the fixed end or
part of the spring is controlled by a set screw or nut and rod, so that it may
be drawn down or released as desired, the outer end of the rod being provided
with a pointer, which by the turning of the screw is made to traverse a dial
plate so marked that it will indicate the pressure or resistance required.
When it is desired to avoid the use of levers or other similar means in
compensating for the superior force that may operate against the spring, a
small drum or roller may be fixed upon the axis of the eccentric, the latter
being connected with the spring by one chain, and the drum or roller to the
opposing force by another chain; or two eccentrics or separate axes may be
used, both being adjustable but geared into each other.
If preferred, a spring may be employed in a winding or unwinding action,
the spring in such case working around a fixed position, with one end connected
with the eccentric and the opposite to a positive or fixed support, being
adjustable, however, with a set screw or ratchet in order to adjust the force
of the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES APPLICABLE TO CARTS, WAGGONS, LORRIES, VANS, AND PORTERS' BARROWS, AND IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Burns Thomson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1864.
I, ROBERT BURNS THOMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES APPLICABLE TO CARTS, WAGGONS, LORRIES, VANS, AND
PORTERS' BARROWS, AND IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS FOR WORKING THE
SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and application of
mechanism to carts, wagons, lorries, vans, and porters' barrows, for the purpose
of reducing the downward pressure upon horses or other animals in draught
when descending hills or inclined ground, and consists in the application of a
brake to the top or sides of each or all the wheels of the several afore-
mentioned vehicles in such a manner that a pressure is produced upon the
surface or periphery of the wheels, which thus prevents the cart, wagon, lorry,
van, or porters' barrow to which these improvements are applied from descend-
ing the hill or inclined ground with its natural gravitating power, and thus
reduces the downward pressure upon the animals in draught, consequently
enabling them to descend with greater ease and freedom than is possible they
can do when yoked to each or any of the herein-before mentioned vehicles
that have not these improvements applied to them. This system or mode of
braking and thus reducing the downward pressure upon the animals in
draught is actuated by a lever or series of levers, a screw, cam, or any other
convenient method.

page_text: One system or mode of carrying out this Invention consists in placing
transversely below the bottom or floor of the cart a rod or bar, having on one
or both ends of it a bracket lever, to which a brake block or blocks are
attached (these blocks by preference being made of willow wood), and on the
side opposite to that on which the blocks are placed another lever is fastened,
it being actuated upon by a screw or cam actuated by the driver's hand; or
this lever may have attached to it a footboard to be acted upon by the pressure
of the driver's foot. In either of these arrangements, when the lever acted
upon by the driver is depressed, the rod or bar goes through a small portion of
a revolution and thus brings the levers carrying the brake blocks in frictional
contact with the periphery of the wheels.
The intention or object of the Invention is to apply manually or pedally
actuated brakes to such vehicles that have not hitherto had this advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Steven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1864.
I, ALEXANDER STEVEN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO HYDRAULIC PRESSES," to be as follows, that is
to say:
This Invention relates to hydraulic presses, and is applicable to those for
expressing oils and fluids, to those for pressing woven fabrics, and to presses
for various similar uses; and it has for its object economy of power with
increased speed of working, together with diminished risk of bursting cylin-
ders or pumps, whilst the large pumps and the safety valves on tho small
pumps hitherto used are in some cases dispensed with.
In practising the Invention, in the case of an oil press, for example, thero
is fitted in connection with the pipes leading from the pumps to the press
cylinder or cylinders one or more supplementary or reserve cylinders, the ram
of which is loaded by dead weight or by means of weighted levers to the
maximum pressure to which the press is to be worked. This reserve cylinder
being made of a suitable size is to have the fluid pumped into it after each
pressing operation until the load on it is raised a predetermined height, and
on the next pressing operation being commenced the full pressure will by it
be at once brought to bear, and the press will be run up with much greater
speed than with the ordinary arrangements, whilst the reserve cylinder acting

page_text: like the air vessel of a force pump will greatly diminish in the press cylinder
or cylinders the inequality of pressure or jerking action which the pumps tend
to produce. In ordinary presses it is usual to continue pumping for some
minutes after the press is run up; the fluid so pumped escaping through a
safety valve, and when such valve gags or sticks very injurious strains are
thrown upon the press cylinder. In the improved arrangements, however, no
such risk occurs, and the power thus wasted hitherto is utilised in filling the
reserve cylinder, whilst the pressure is maintained as effectually as with the
ordinary mode of working.
In presses for woven fabrics and similar uses, a reserve cylinder, acting
as herein-before described, is advantageously used for maintaining the full
pressure on the press for several hours, for a night, for example, as is com-
monly required with such presses, and such arrangement will cause the press
to follow the goods with full pressure, should they gradually become more
condensed, and this without the pumps continuing to work. In all applica-
tions of the reserve cylinder the strain on the press cylinder or cylinders is by
it controlled and equalised, and prevented from exceeding a predetermined
amount, and the risk of bursting is thereby greatly reduced.
AN IMPROVED GRIDIRON FOR CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hilaire Desforges and Eugène
Charles Sonnet, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1864.
We, HILAIRE DESFORGES and EUGÈNE CHARLES SONNET, of No. 12,
Abingdon Street, in the City of Westminster, and 24, Rue de Dunkerque,
Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED GRIDIRON FOR CULINARY PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to the construction of an improved kitchen gridiron,
composed of a double series of bars so distributed that the under range in
contact with the fire may correspond with the spaces existing between each
bar of the upper range, on which is placed the meat to be cooked. The
bars of the upper series are made of a A-form, allowing the juices of the meat
to flow freely into the longitudinal U-shaped channels formed in the bars
below, by which these juices are carried to a transversal reservoir cast at
the front extremity of the gridiron. The complete apparatus may be made
of two separate grating frames hinged together at one end and overlaying
each other when in use, or, again, may be formed in a single piece, the relative
positions of the upper and lower bars being in either case maintained as
above described. The form, dimensions, material, and general details of
construction may of course be varied as desired.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Pierre André de Brocalde
d'Elüza at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th December 1864.
I, STEPHEN PIERRE ANDRÉ DE BROCALDE D'ELÖZA, of Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved manufacture of artificial
manure, the object of which is to effect the solidification of urine in com-
bination with other materials.
I denominate the new compound a cerealine or new product by the solidi-
fication of urine.
The materials or substances I employ are as follows:-
1st, crushed or pulverized bones or bone dust, or animal black, known as
animal charcoal, about 10 parts.
2nd, any species of the broom or heather plant and root ground to powder,
about 8 parts.
3rd, the waste powdered iron or waste iron from forges, about 1 part.
4th, oyster shells reduced to powder, about 5 parts..
5th, oil of the pine, turpentine, or extract of resin, about 1 part.
Each of these materials in their order should be mixed separately, and be
well amalgamated with urine before the whole are mixed together; a quarter
of an hour is sufficient time for the mixture of each substance. The oil of

page_text: resin or turpentine last employed requires a careful manipulation for one
hour.
The solidification may be made or effected at any and all times, and all
periods of the year; two hours are amply sufficient for the purpose; and in
a week the cerealine may be reduced to powder, and applied as a manure in
the field.
The material should be moulded in blocks, and ground to powder when
required for use
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER APPLICABLE TO DYEING. AND PRINTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allen Dalzell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1864.
I, ALLEN DALZELL, Doctor of Medicine of the University of Edinburgh,
and Lecturer on Practical Chemistry in said University, Fellow of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER APPLICABLE TO DYEING.
AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
coloring matter applicable to dyeing and printing. For this purpose I treat
commercial "roseine," which is usually obtained from aniline and its
homologues; or I treat the base known as rose-aniline with iodoform or with
bromoform. I employ these substances by preference in the proportion of
one equivalent of each, that is, about one part of roseine base to one part and
a quarter of iodoform, and so proportionably with bromoform. I then heat
the mixture along with ordinary alcohol to a temperature between 212° and
300° Fahrenheit in a close vessel under pressure, and continue the heat until
the desired result is obtained.
When the substances are employed in the proportions aforesaid I obtain a
violet color, but I do not confine myself to these proportions, nor to the use of
ordinary alcohol, nor to the production of any particular violet color.

page_text: What I claim is, the production by means of the iodide and bromide of the
formyl radical acting on the commercial substance known as roseine or
magenta, and on rose-aniline its base, of a certain coloring material, which
may be employed for the same purposes and in the same manner as the other
aniline colors are employed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OP FASTENING TABLE TOPS WITHOUT THE AID OF THUMB SCREWS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1864.
I, JOHN EDIS, of 146, Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex, Upholsterer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OP FASTENING TABLE TOPS WITHOUT THE AID OF THUMB SCREWS," to be as
follows:-
The present method of fastening the tops of tables to the pillars is by
means of thumbscrews and a spring catch.
This Invention consists of two metal plates forming a lock or fastening as
shewn in the accompanying Drawings, viz., Figure 1, A is a metal plate
containing an aperture c; Figure 2, B is another metal plate containing
two metal studs or buttons d, d; Figure 2 is placed upon Figure 1, the studs
or buttons d, d, fitting into the aperture c, and thus forming a lock or
fastening by which the table top is secured to the pillar without the aid of
thumbscrews; Figure 3, A is a metal plate in which is an opening c;
Figure 4, B is another metal plate having two studs d, d; Figure 3 is placed
upon Figure 4, the studs d, d, fitting into the opening c, forming a lock or
fastening securing the table top to the pillar without the aid of thumb-
screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS FOR THE STORING AND PRESERVATION OF WINES, SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUORS OR FLUIDS, AND FOR FACILITATING THE DRAWING OFF OF THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jones and Bryan l'Anson
Bromwich, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th May 1864.
We, DAVID JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and BRYAN I'ANSON BROMWICH, of the same Place, Gentlemen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS OR OTHER
VESSELS FOR THE STORING AND PRESERVATION OF WINES, SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUORS
OR FLUIDS, AND FOR FACILITATING THE DRAWING OFF OF THE SAME," to be as follows,
that is to say:
This Invention consists, firstly, in applying to the description of vessels
above named, such, for instance as a beer cask, a reservoir containing carbonic
acid gas, with a tube or other conduit from the one vessel to the other to lead
the gas on to the surface of the fluid contents of the beer cask or other vessel,
the overlying body of gas keeping the contents air-tight, facilitating by its
pressure the operation of drawing off from the tap, and in the case of beer or
other similar beverages keeping it fresh to the last.
Secondly, our Invention consists in applying to casks and other like vessels
a moveable head, to which is attached a screw working through the ordinary
fixed head, somewhat similar to a screw press, and this moveable head is to be
screwed down as the contents are drawn off; or the vacuum caused by the
withdrawal of the contents may be filled by inserting into the cask or vessel
an air-tight bag or bladder, with a tube or neck passing through the head of

page_text: the cask and furnished with a mouth-piece and stop-cock; this bag may be
inflated by the mouth as the fluid is drawn off, and the vacuum being thus filled
by the distended bag the remaining contents are kept air-tight.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Grafton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1864.
I, HENRY GRAFTON, of Brompton Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is for a method and machinery for cutting wood which will
be found important for the purposes of forming mouldings, laths, staves, and
any other definite forms, cutting as it does without waste, and in such a way
so as to give a concave and convex piece out of each other, which Invention
is also applicable for cutting plane surfaces. The machinery consists of a
mounted table with driving gear, having upon and beneath its surface diagonal
frames, into which are set a series of sectional cutters shaped upon the side to
a section of the wood to be cut, while the cutting edges are formed at an angle
to receive the wood; which is pressed forward by 2 pitched chains, having a
relieving and pressing bar running across them, or any other suitable motion;
each sectional cutter is mounted in a seperate chuck or division, having screw
and other adjustments for giving the proper depth and breadth of the cuts;
the angle of the frames in which the chucks are placed can be varied; below
the table is a counterpart of that which is above; beyond these arrangements,
but in the centre of the same plane, is another set, which I call bridged
cutters, representing the entire and unbroken section of the wood to be cut,

page_text: having also standing out therefrom a concave edged cutter. Where the wood
enters to receive its first cut, guides are provided for keeping it in position
and under restraint, while a third division of cutters are here placed for
removing such portions of the wood not required, and for the purpose of
admitting the arms of the sectional cutters to facilitate the operation. Another
plan consists of a hand frame, in which is placed one or two cutters, having
screw or other adjustments for making single longitudinal curved cuts, which
traverses along the wood, and by its means cuts a lath or moulding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACERATING VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kershaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1864.
I, GEORGE KERSHAW, of Park Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACERATING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
A vessel used for macerating chemicals generally consists of a stoppered
bottle, in which the matters to be macerated or steeped are placed with the
fluid, which may be more or less troublesome to separate afterwards, as it may
be desired to decant a portion of the fluid at a time, or after a certain degree
of maceration, while the remainder may require to be still further impregnated
with the matters. Moreover, extraneous matters may be contained, and the
bottles or vessels used are difficult to cleanse.
Now, my Invention consists in forming and applying a receptacle in the
bottoms of bottles or vessels, which may be used for macerating any matters,
such receptacle serving to contain the substance to be macerated, and consists
of a perforated chamber, which I insert through the bottom of the vessel, a
hole being made therein for its reception, making it as large as can con-
veniently be introduced, in which if of glass it is ground and fitted in the manner
of a stopper; this perforated chamber offers free access to the fluid, at same
time preventing any escape of the matters contained. I cover in the bottom
of the perforated chamber with a disc of wood or other material, inserting a
ring of india-rubber or other elastic packing. between the contact surfaces to

page_text: make it fluid-tight, and fix this cover on by a cross bar or tripod piece
dropping in notches, and afterwards turned round in inclined grooves, causing
pressure on the bottom cover; this closes the perforated chamber and at
same time holds it in position.
For large vessels made of stoneware or other cheaper material the per-
forated chamber may be otherwise fitted, and instead of being ground may be
furnished with a packing. I also sometimes insert a tap near the bottom of
the macerator to draw off. part of the contents without moving the vessel or
disturbing its contents. The upper opening, where the fluid is inserted, it is
convenient in glass bottles or vessels to furnish with a ground stopper, but for
large or common vessels this may be otherwise furnished and fitted.
IMPROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS IN RAILWAY TRAINS, AS ALSO BETWEEN THE GUARDS, PASSENGERS, AND ENGINE DRIVER OF SUCH TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew James Rice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1864.
I, MATTHEW JAMES RICE, of Sherlock Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN
PASSENGERS AND GUARDS IN RAILWAY TRAINS, AS ALSO BETWEEN THE GUARDS,
PASSENGERS, AND ENGINE DRIVER OF SUCH TRAINS," to be as follows (that
is to say):
.
My Invention consists in securing underneath (or otherwise) the carriages
of a railway train, as well as the guard's van, an iron or other tube of suitable
dimensions, and which tube I purpose connecting together from carriage to
carriage with union joints and flexible tubing, and by which means a con-
nection will also be formed from the first carriage to the tender, and from the
tender to the engine, to be united to an air cylinder, which cylinder I purpose
being circular, and fitted with a piston and the requisite valve or valves, as
also an escape or safety valve, the piston deriving its motion from the engine
in any suitable way, so as to continue to condense the atmosphere into an air
chamber for receiving it, or into the tubes; and from the main tube, in ony
suitable position, a tube or tubes are applied to each carriage or compartment,
fitted with a whistle and loose dome or cap, as also an intermediate valve or
cut-off tap, to which I purpose attaching, in any suitable way, cords or other
suitable connectors, terminating with a suitable pull in each carriage or com-
partment of a carriage, in such a way that by pulling the pull the valve or

page_text: stop-cock will be opened, allowing the compressed air in the tube to escape,
and thereby sound the whistle on the outside, but in doing which the cap,
which I purpose to be somewhat-sensitive, will be blown off, so as to indicate
to the guard the position or the carriage occupied by the party requiring
attention, and which, when effected, the cap is to be replaced, a work of great
simplicity as the cap is intended to be attached by a cord or small chain, or
other convenient means to or near the whistle it is intended to cover, and by
these means, with a preconcerted understanding, the guard will be enabled to
communicate with the engine driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BLOWING BUBBLES FROM SOAPSUDS OR OTHER LIQUIDS TO AMUSE CHILDREN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES SUCH AS PERFUMING THE ATMOSPHERE OF APARTMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
June 1864. A communication from abroad by Joseph Antoine Emile
Chazelles, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BLOWING BUBBLES
FROM SOAPSUDS OR OTHER LIQUIDS TO AMUSE CHILDREN, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
SUCH AS PERFUMING THE ATMOSPHERE OF APARTMENTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct an apparatus for blowing bubbles
from soapsuds and other liquids. The apparatus is so constructed that it will
not easily break when put into the pocket, and at the same time it will dispense
with the inconvenience of having to find a straw or piece of pipe, as is now the
case when children wish to amuse themselves by blowing soap bubbles. To this
end a metallic case of cylindrical or other form is employed to contain the liquid,
and to this case is attached a small cylinder surmounted by a cup. At the bottom
of this cylinder is a disc or plate, which serves as a cover to the metallic case,
and to which it may be soldered. This cylinder also carries a button or pro-
jection, to which is attached a flexible tube. A vertical holé is made through
the cylinder, and a transverse hole through the button. The vertical hole which
passes through the cylinder is prolonged in the form of a tube until it reaches
nearly to the bottom of the metallic case. The bottom of the case is formed

page_text: by a piece of india-rubber stretched across an iron ring, which fits tightly into
the case, and thus hermetically seals it.
The operation is as follows:-The case being full of the liquid, a gentle
pressure is exerted on the india-rubber bottom, which forces a small quantity
of liquid up the tube into the cup; air is then blown through the flexible!
india-rubber pipe, which causes the bubble to be made.
In order to perfume apartments, it is only necessary to add a small quantity
of perfume to the soapsuds or other liquids that may be employed for the
purpose of making bubbles.
This apparatus can be made of any suitable substance besides metal, such
as india-rubber, gutta percha, horn, porcelain, crystal, or glass, plain or
coloured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1864.
I, JACOB TAYLOR, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLERS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates-
First, to propellers which are partially or entirely immersed in the
water, and of which any suitable number may be worked by one or
more shafts driven by hand, steam, or other motive power. Each pro-
peller consists of a hollow drum or cylinder, having in its periphery a
number of openings forming the terminations of slots or spaces between
a similar number of blocks of wood or metal fixed to the drum or cylinder,
and in each slot there is placed a blade or float. In the interior of the drum
at each side there are plates baving eccentric grooves, into which are placed
rollers or pins projecting from the blades, and the plates and eccentric grooves
are held stationary, or have revolving motion imparted to them, as may be
required. When revolving motion is given to the drum, and the eccentrics
are held stationary, the blades revolve with the drum, and at the same time.
project and recede one after the other, and when the longest radius of each
eccentric is below the driving shaft, the central projecting blade is perpen-
dicular to the vessel's forward course, and when the eccentrics are removed to
the opposite position, the blade is perpendicular to the vessel's backward
course, and as the blades recede one after the other when they have done

page_text: their work, there is no loss or resistance from back pressure, and if the
eccentrics are turned during the revolving motion of the drum, the vessel
turns round as on a centre, either with or without the assistance of the
rudder. Or the exterior of the drum may work eccentric with the blades,
thereby allowing the blades to project one after the other and perform the
same operations as when the blades are moved eccentrically. When desired
the propellers may be placed in a recess at the end or ends of the vessel, and
thereby dispense with the rudder.
Secondly, I place a number of blades or propellers in the arms of a wheel
or drum fixed to a revolving shaft, and to each blade is fixed a toothed wheel,
gearing into a rack, to which to-and-fro motion is given by a stationary cam,
so that as the shaft and blades revolve, the blades shall partly turn to and fro
on their axes, and thus be feathered to prevent resistance to the blades from
the back pressure of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES OF POTASH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1864.
I, THOMAS PARKINS, of Robert Town, near Normanton, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES OF POTASH," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its objects, firstly, the utilization in the manufacture
of prussiates of potash of woollen matters which have hitherto been used as
manure and considered refuse, and known by a variety of terms, such as
greasy waste, flocks, shoddy, mungo, croppings.
Secondly, the prevention of the offensive odours emitted by the use of the
ordinary apparatus used in manufacturing prussiates of potash.
To effect these objects on the top of an ordinary retort I place a box or
chamber communicating with the retort, and having a closed top which is
provided with a socket to receive the ordinary "stirrer" shaft. On the side of
the chamber I provide an outlet flue, and connect the same by any convenient
method with the main flue of a series of retorts, and thus carry off the gases
evolved, preventing the same from entering the workshop in which the retorts
used in the manufacture are placed.

page_text: This arrangement of apparatus may be used for the dry woollen matters
which are ordinarily used, as well as for the greasy matters which it has
hitherto been impossible to use in consequence of the offensive odours
emitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOUGH AND BREAD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Darby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1864.
I, STEPHEN DARBY, of No. 140, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOUGH AND BREAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of dough
and bread. Dough and bread are now commonly manufactured by mixing
flour in a close vessel with water containing carbonic acid gas under pressure,
and at present when the mixing is complete the dough is let out of the mixing
vessel into the air. In consequence of this sudden removal of the pressure
the dough expands very rapidly, and consequently not so regularly as it would
do were the expansion more gradual. Now, according to my Invention, in
place of drawing off the dough into open vessels, as heretofore, I draw it off
into a closed vessel, in which by forcing in air or gas the pressure has
previously been raised, so as to be as high, or nearly as high, as that in the
mixing vessel, and then by opening a small orifice or passage the air or gas is
allowed to escape from the receiving vessel as gradually as is desired, and by
this means a slow and more regular rising of the dough is obtained.
I also, according to my Invention, in place of weighing out the expanded
dough into loaves, as is now usual, measure it out into loaves before it is
allowed to expand, and whilst still under pressure; by measuring the dough

page_text: in its unexpanded state, I am able to obtain loaves of uniform weight, thus I
save much of the labour and handling of the dough which is now required.
A convenient method of measuring the dough whilst under pressure is by
discharging it from the mixing vessel into a box or measure of suitable
capacity; it may be rectangular, cylindrical, or of other form, and a plunger
or piston moving to and fro in the measure ejects the dough from it imme-
diately it is full; thus lumps of dough, each the size for a loaf, are discharged
into the receiving vessel, which is kept under pressure, as before mentioned.
The receiving vessel contains in this case an endless travelling table or apron,
or other suitable apparatus for receiving the loaves and keeping them
separate, and if desired the loaves may be received into tins. When the
receiving vessel is full the pressure is let off gradually, and the loaves
then rise.
REGISTERING THE QUANTITY OF AIR EXPIRED FROM THE LUNGS DURING RESPIRATION, FORCED OR NATURAL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Gardiner Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1864.
I, ALFRED GARDINER BROWN, of William Street, Woolwich, Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "REGISTERING THE
QUANTITY OF AIR EXPIRED FROM THE LUNGS DURING RESPIRATION, FORCED OR
NATURAL," to be asfollows:-
An adaptation of a revolving drum similar to the wet meter drum now in
use for gas meters, with the necessary containing case, wheel-works, & dial,
levelling, entrance, exit, and water supply apertures. The dial registers in
cubic inches all the air passing through the instrument by means of two hands
viz., a large hand extending from the centre to the circumference of the dial
registers in one revolution one hundred cubic inches of air, a smaller hand
revolving from an excentric point on the dial and registering one thousand
cubic inches in a complete revolution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING STEAM-BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hadfield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 12th July
1864..
I, WILLIAM HADFIELD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING STEAM-BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and.employment of one or more
cylinders and plungers in connection with one or more steam engines, and
also working in connection with or independent of the ordinary paddle wheels
or propellers. Each cylinder is placed in a horizontal or angular position,
and has at one end a cover provided with a stuffing box, through which is
passed the rod of the plunger, which rod is connected with the steam power so.
as to have to-and-fro motion, and the other end of the cylinder is open to the
water, there being a damper or valve to shut off the water when required..
Each plunger is pushed by the steam power against the water, so as to exert
a propelling force in proportion to the diameter of the plunger and the
pressure given to it, and at the return or backward stroke of the plunger the
water follows it up and gives an additional force to propel the vessel according
to the depth the plunger is below the level of the water.
AN IMPROVED COMB OR ORNAMENT FOR THE BACK OF THE HEAD OF LADIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1864.-A communication from abroad by François Xavier
Alexis Fauvelle Delebarre and Jules François Xavier Fauvelle Delebarre,
residing in Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of Lon-
don, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED COMB OR ORNAMENT FOR THE BACK OF THE HEAD OF LADIES," to
be as follows:-
This article is composed of a plate of ivory metal, mother-of-pearl, bone,
ivory leather, vulcanite, or other plastic material, curved to suit the plait or
style of coiffure, to which it is secured by a pin, as hereafter described, and
shown in the accompanying Figure.
a, a is the curved plate; b, b are studs carrying loops or eyes; c is an
independent pin, which is passed through these eyes, and to prevent this pin
from becoming displaced a slit d is made in it opposite one or both of the
eyes, and the pin is opened out to make a swelling as at e, and for further
security a notch i may be made to retain the eye of the stud b; or for the
purpose of retaining the pin c, a spring catch, as in umbrella sticks, may be
applied to the pin. The pin c terminates at each end in a head g, which may
be in the form of a ball or other ornament. At one end the ball is a fixture,

page_text: while the ball on the opposite end is detachable to allow of the pin being
inserted in the eyes of the studs. After having been so inserted the movable
ball is applied, and a piece of elastic cord h being attached to the two balls
keeps it in place.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORNICE POLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jerome Valentine Jones and
George James Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th October 1864.
We, JEROME VALENTINE JONES and GEORGE JAMES WILLIAMS, of Bir-
mingbam, in the County of Warwick, General Brassfounders, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CORNICE POLES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements consist in using tubes, made by preference and for
economy of thin metal, and a little larger than the size of the cornice pole we
desire to make, and into this we place a wood body, and next we pull the tube
with the internal support or body through a hole at a common drawbench after
the fashion in which tubes are drawn, which reduces the tube so as to make it
fit tight and close around the wood body, repeating the operation of drawing
as many times as may be necessary to make it fit; but if an octagonal,
hexagonal, fluted, or beaded form should be required, we shape the wood body
accordingly, and afterward pull the metal tube and body through a hole of
the required form by means of the ordinary drawbench, as before stated, and
in some instances if the same should be required of a single or double twist-
reeded form, this may also be effected in the same way in which single or
double twisted tubes are formed; and in cases where a florid embossed
ornament may be desired, this we effect by passing the pole with its metal
covering tightly reduced around it between two or more rolls having the

page_text: desired design sunk around their peripheries, so set in size as not only to
encompass the volume of the pole but to impress the design on its surface;
or any desired ornament or design may be formed on them in the ordinary
manner in which such designs are or may be formed on metal tubes. Poles
thus treated may be used for curtain rods and purposes where strength and
solidity may be required, and this construction of cornice pole or curtain rod
will permit of the curtain rings passing over it when drawing the curtains with
but trifling noise or sound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION AND PROTECTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Haworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1864.
I, JOHN HAWORTH, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND PROTECTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in the construction of the permanent way of railways
consist in making the rails of T-iron or steel, and in driving the middle
flange or tongue of the rails into a groove in the longitudinal wood sleepers,
which are made by preference narrower at the top than the bottom. The
rails are screwed or spiked at intervals to the sleepers. At the joints of
the rails the ends fit in a sheet or rolled iron or steel shoe, which is also let
into the sleeper. When my improved rails are made of steel, and supported in
sleepers as above described, the weight of the rails can be reduced fully
one half.
My improvements in the protection of the permanent way of railways
are applicable to railways of the ordinary construction, as well as to railways
constructed according to my improvements, and they consist in banking the
ballast level or about level with the outer edges of the rails, and about an inch
and a half below the level of the inner edges of the rails, and in both cases the
ballast is bevelled off to shed the water. Between the rails I lay drain pipes
or make a gutter, and at each side of the rails I cover the ballast with hot

page_text: asphalte, which penetrates to the rail and sleeper, and when hard consolidates
the whole together. The asphalto also protects the ballast rails and sleepers
from moisture, thus securing a dry bed for the sleeper and dispensing with or
reducing the labour of the plate layers in packing the sleepers. The asphalte
when hot is covered with sand to prevent its being ignited by hot cinders
dropping from the furnace of the locomotive.