Improvements in Electric Motors, especially applicable to the Propulsion of Velocipedes and Motor-cars.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 31st Aug., 1896-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Motors, especially applicable to the
Propulsion of Velocipedes and Motor-cars.
We, CLOVIS PIERRE FRANCIS CLERC, of 28 Rue Grange Batelière, Paris,
Gentleman, and ADOLPHE GEORGES PINGAULT, of 98 Rue du Chemin Vert,
Paris, Electrician, both in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The subject of this invention is a novel type of electro-motor specially adapted
for use in connection with velocipedes and motor-cars or carriages.
Our improved electrical motor substantially consists of a single or double
"receiving" dynamo directly mounted upon the hub of the driving wheel, and
actuating the same without the assistance or co-operation of any intermediate
transmission device. It may he fed from either a primary or a secondary storage
battery, suitably arranged upon the frame of the velocipede or other vehicle.
The motor consists of a "four-pole" motor, comprising two pole-pieces, adapted
to be displayed or spread out into four poles and symmetrically arranged on each
side of the driving wheel, upon the shaft of which they are rigidly secured. The
expanding pole arrangement is connected, or made integral with four arms serving
as inductors and surrounded by conducting wires.
The "induced ring or armature is located between the spokes of the wheel and
the pole-pieces and it is fixed upon the hub through the medium of a suitable
cross-piece. The collector is connected with the same hub and the brush-carrier is
attached to a sleeve loose upon the driving shaft of the wheel and passing through
the central portion of one of the pole-pieces, with the interposition of a ring of
insulating material.
The operation is simple and will be readily understood: The armature revolves
and imparts the same rotary motion to the wheel placed between the pole pieces,
adding its action to that of the cyclist's legs.
The pole-pieces are checked. in their tendency to "re-act" by the bars which
connect them to the cycle-frame.
In a modification of our invention the motor is similar to the one above described
in that it also comprises two pole pieces. But, in this case, each pole piece is
connected with a separate armature or "induced piece, situated outside the wheel
and held by extending poles. The hub is divided into two parts, carrying the
cross-pieces of the armatures and the corresponding collectors, between which is
arranged the brush-carrier, which is double, that is to say, carries the four brushes.
It is mounted upon the stationary shaft of the wheel and may be retained by
means of a set screw or any other suitable device.
The operation of the double motor is perfectly identical with that of the single
motor described in the first instance.
It will be understood as a matter of course that in either case we are at liberty
to alter the relative arrangement of the poles as may best suit existing require-
ments; thus, poles of the same sign, or polarity, may be connected two and two;
or any two adjacent-poles may be made to be of the same sign, and the two remaining
ones of opposite signs.
In the same way the number of poles may be varied without in any way altering
the esssential features of our invention.
In applying the invention to motor-carriages, a motor with a single armature is

page_text: placed upon each driving wheel, as has been stated with reference to the velocipede;
but as regards the double-armature motor, we prefer to divide it into halves and to
arrange each half upon one of the two driving wheels.
We may point out in conclusion that our electric motors will equally well apply
to velocipedes of any description, no matter whether they run on two or more
wheels, and also of every description of motor cars; and they may either be
employed as the only means for propelling such vehicles, or combined with existing
pedals, as hereinabove described.
Dated this 25th day of June 1896.
HASELTINE,, LAKE &. Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, WC, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Electric Motors, especially applicable to the
Propulsion. of Velocipedes and Motor-cars.
We, CLOVIS PIERRE FRANCIS CLERC, of 28 Rue Grange Batelière, Paris,
Gentleman, and ADOLPHE GEORGES PINGAULT, of 98 Rue du Chemin Vert,
Paris, Electrician, both in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to a novel type of electric motors and their special
application to the propulsion of velocipedes and motor cars.
In principle our type of electro-motor consists of a simple or double receiving
dynamo mounted directly upon the hub of the driving wheel and actuating such
driving wheel without the assistance of any intermediary transmitting part; the
motor may be supplied with current by a battery of either primary or secondary
cells suitably located upon the frame of the velocipede or other vehicle.
In order that our invention may be readily understood we will now describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawing in which. it is represented by
way of example only and in which; .
Figure 1 is a general view of a velocipede for two riders or tandem bicycle,
provided with an eléctro-motor according to our invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through the axle of a driving wheel of a velocipede
provided with an electro-motor having a single armature.
Figure 3 is a vertical section through the axle of a driving wheel of a velocipede,
provided with an electro-motor having a double armature:
It should in the first place be noticed that the tandem represented in the
drawing is more particularly intended for "pacing" or training racing men, but it
is equally suitable for tourists; like all other velocipedes of the same kind it is
provided with two pairs of pedals for transmitting, in the usual manner, the force
exercised by the riders to the driving wheel thus supplementing the force exercised
by the electro motor.
The motor represented in Figures 1 and 2 is a four pole motor comprising two
polar pieces a, a having four polar expansions or faces and symmetrically arranged
on both sides of the driving wheel upon the axle a¹ to which they are rigidly
attached; these polar expansions or faces are made integral with four arms which
form field-magnets and are wound with conducting wires as clearly shewn in the
drawing.
The ring armature b is arranged between the two sets of spokes of the wheel m
and between the polar pieces a a; it is fixed upon the hub m by means of a cross-
piece c; the commutator d is made integral with the same hub m¹ and the brush
holder e is rigidly fixed to a socket e' mounted loose upon the axle a¹ and traversing

page_text: the central portion of one of the polar pieces a, a ring of insulating material
being interposed. The method of working is extremely simple and will be realily
understood.
The armature b in turning carries round the wheel m between the polar pieces a, a
and adds its force to that exerted by the riders.'
The reactionary motion which the polar pieces a a tend to assume is maintained
by the bars which connect them with the frame of the velocipede.
The motor represented in Figure 3 is similar to that above described; it also
possesses two polar pieces a a, but, in this instance, each of the said polar pieces is
connected to a special armature & located on the outside of the wheel m and
enclosed by the polar expansions or faces. The hub is divided into two parts m³, m²
carrying the cross-pieces c, c of the armatures and the corresponding commu-
tators d d between which is arranged the brush holder e which is double, that is
to say carries the four brushes; it is mounted upon the fixed spindle a¹ of the
wheel m and may be kept in place by means of a set screw or by any other suitable
means.
The action of the double motor is absolutely the same as that of the single
motor above described.
It will of course be understood that in either case we may arrange the four poles.
alternately, that is to say we may either so arrange them that a pole of one sign is
next to a pole of opposite sign or we may place them in pairs each pair consisting
of poles having the same sign.
In the same way we may vary the number of poles without in any way affecting
the essential features of our invention.
In order to apply our said invention to motor or auto cars or carriages we place
a motor having a single armature upon each driving wheel, as has been described
with reference to velocipedes; but as regards motors having two armatures, we
prefer to subdivide them and to place each of the two parts respectively upon the
two driving wheels.
Finally we should point out that our form of electro-motor is equally applicable
to all descriptions of velocipedes with two or more wheels and to all kinds of
auto cars or carriages; it may either be employed alone as a means of propelling-
the said vehicles or in combination with pedals as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-.
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A type of electro-motor either bi-polar or multi-polar having a single or
double armature such armature as well as the commutator or commutators being
capable of being mounted directly upon the hub of the driving wheel or wheels of
a velocipede or auto-car; the polar pieces being rigidly fixed upon the axle of the
said wheel or wheels.
2. An electro-motor either bipolar or multipolar, having its armature mounted
upon the hub between the two sets of spokes of a driving wheel of a velocipede
or auto-car and in which the polar pieces are rigidly fixed upon the axle of this
wheel outside the spokes.
3. An electro-motor having a double armature, the two parts of which, together
with their commutators, are mounted respectively upon one side or upon each side
of the driving wheel or wheels of a velocipede or auto-car and in which the polar
pieces are rigidly fixed upon the axle of the said wheel or wheels.
Dated this 31st day of August 1896
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.