IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bernhardt, of the Firm of J. C. Milns
&. Co., Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinners and Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 9th March 1869, and dated the 19th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bernhardt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1868.
>
I, GEORGE BERNHARDT, of the Firm of J. C. Milns & Co., Radcliffe,
in the County of Lancaster, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
Firstly. My improvements consist in applying a shaft, bar, or other
equivalent mechanism to machines for preparing, spinning, or doubling
fibrous materials where leather-covered rollers have to be pressed upon

page_text: fluted rollers by weights, levers, or springs, so that by turning or moving
the shaft or bar the pressure acting upon the rollers may be simul-
taneously removed or applied at will, and by this means the pressure
upon the rollers can be readily removed when the machine is stopped,
and thus the fluting of the leather-covered rollers on one side from
standing too long in one place under pressure can be obviated.
Secondly. My improvements relate to the arrangement of a traversing
drag cloth, and consists in securing the cloth at intervals to the plate or
cover of the upper spindle or copping rail, and in slotting this plate or
cover to allow it to traverse with the "drag cloth." In throstles where
the copping rail is separate from the spindle rail the drag cloth is
secured to the rail which is slotted, and it traverses as it rises and falls.
Thirdly. My improvements relate to the doffing mechanism described
in the Specification of the Patent granted to me, and dated the Seven-
teenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven, and numbered 1466; and they consist in the use of
antrough to receive the full bobbins, the front of the copping rail
forming one side of the trough. In using a plate secured to the front of
the copping rail by screws passing through diagonal slots in the plate, so
that when end motion is given to the plate it will rise and form an edge
to guide the threads from the full to the empty bobbins. In gearing
the rollers with the tin roller by means of a ratchet arrangement, so
that when the tin roller is turned backwards in doffing the rollers will
remain stationary. In using "quick" square single screw threads upon
the spindles for the flyers, so that they will not lock fast, but will easily
unscrew by turning backwards and striking the legs of the flyers against
the stopping projections. In dispensing with the excentric shaft for
locking the spindles and using a shaft or other arrangement only for
holding down the spindles and releasing the spring catches which secure
the lower spindle rail. In using long warves on the spindles upon one
side of the frame to take the strain off the bands driving the spindles
when they are lowered. In arranging so that the flyer hook rails and
bobbin rails may be continuous in length from end to end of the frame.
In arranging the weights for the rollers to come between the bands
driving the spindles. In arranging so that the flyer hook rail can be
drawn into a recess in the bobbin lowering rail and enclosed by a
sliding plate to prevent "fly" and dust from getting upon them. And,
lastly, in arranging so that the copping rail will act upon a ratchet

page_text: and gearing, which will stop the frame in the correct position for
doffing.
Fourthly. My Invention relates to modifications of the arrangements
of mechanism for "doffing" described in the Specification of my
aforesaid Patent, so as to adapt it for doffing "ring and traveller "
throstles or doubling frames where flyers are not employed; and my
improvements consists in arranging so that the spindles may be lowered
down to withdraw them from the spools which are left upon a fixed
rail added to the machine, or the spindles remain fixed and a rail is
added above the upper spindle rail, which is raised to lift the
bobbins off the spindles. The empty bobbins are each placed in a
separate tube (partially open in front to allow the barrel of the bobbin
to pass through), and these tubes are carried by a rail which brings
forward the empty bobbins and pushes the full bobbins into a trough
suspended upon the lifting rail or the rail upon which the full bobbins
are left. The trough may be arranged to turn from a vertical to a
horizontal position if required. The bobbins have each a pin secured
in the barrel part or in a recess formed in the head or pins, or hooks
are fixed, or notches are formed in or upon parts carried round by the
spindle, so that when the thread is placed in a suitable position by their
plates or other mechanism carried by the ring or copping rail it will be
caught when the spindle is rotated by the said pin, hook, or notch, and
so much thread will be wound upon the empty bobbin from the full
bobbin as will be necessary to secure the thread to the empty bobbin,
when the thread will be cut and the doffing operation will be finished.
In doffing by the above-described arrangements of mechanism the
copping rail will be lifted above the bobbin, then the spindles will be
drawn down, or the bobbins will be lifted by the plate added, then
the empty bobbin rail will move forward and place the bobbins upon
the spindle, at the same time push the full bobbins into the trough;
the copping rail will next be lowered, and the mechanism will act to
bring the threads into the position to be caught by the pins or hooks.
then the spindles will be rotated by turning the tin drum, the threads
will be cut, and the doffing operation will be completed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Bernhardt in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, GEORGE
BERNHARDT, of the Firm of J. C. Milns & Co., Radcliffe, in the County
of Lancaster, Spinners and Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors.
give and grant unto me, the said George Bernhardt, Her special license
that I, the said George Bernhardt, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Bernhardt, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Bernhardt, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE. that I, the said George Bernhardt, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say);-
Firstly. My improvements consist in applying a shaft or bar. to
machines for preparing, spinning, or doubling fibrous materials where
leather-covered rollers have to be pressed upon fluted rollers by weights,
levers, or springs, so that by turning or moving the shaft or bar the
pressure acting upon the rollers may be simultaneously removed or

page_text: applied at will, and by this means the pressure upon the rollers can be
readily removed when the machine is stopped, and thus the fluting of
the leather-covered rollers on one side from standing too long in one
place under pressure can be obviated.
"
Secondly. My improvements relate to the arrangement of a traversing
'drag cloth," and consists in securing the cloth at intervals to the plate
or cover of the upper spindle or copping rail, and in slotting this plate
or cover to allow it to traverse with the "drag cloth." In throstles
where the copping rail is separate from the spindle rail the drag cloth is
secured to the rail which is slotted, and it traverses as it rises and falls.
Thirdly. My improvements relate to the doffing mechanism described
in the Specification of the Patent granted to me, and dated the Seven-
teenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven, and numbered 1466; and they consist in the use of an
L trough to receive the full bobbins, the front of the copping rail form-
ing one side of the trough. In using a plate secured to the front of the
copping rail by screws passing through diagonal slots in the plate, so
that when end motion is given to the plate it will rise and form an edge
to guide the threads from the full to the empty bobbins. In gearing the
rollers with the tin roller by means of a ratchet arrangement, so that
when the tin roller is turned backwards in doffing the rollers will remain
stationary. In using quick square single screw threads upon the spindle
for the flyers, so that they will not lock fast, but will easily unscrew by,
turning backwards and striking the legs of the flyers against the stopping
projections. In dispensing with the excentric shaft for locking the
spindles and using a shaft or other arrangement only for holding down the
spindles and releasing the spring catches which secure the lower spindle
rail. This last improvement is applicable to that modification of my
Invention where the spindles are lowered. In using long warves on the
spindles upon one side of the frame to take the strain off the driving.
bands when the spindles are lowered. In arranging so that the flyer
hook rails and bobbin rails may be continuous in length from end to end
of the frame. In arranging the weights for the rollers to come between
the bands driving the spindles, and in making one weight act to weight.
a roller on both sides of the frame, the weight extending across the
frame. In arranging so that the flyer hook rail can be drawn into a
recess in the bobbin lowering rail, and enclosed by a sliding plate to.
prevent "fly" and dust from getting upon it. And, lastly, in arranging

page_text: so that the copping rail will act upon a ratchet" and gearing or other.
mechanism, which will stop the frame in the correct position for doffing.
Fourthly. My Invention relates to modifications of the arrangements
of mechanism "for doffing" described in the Specification of my afore-
said Patent so as to adapt it for doffing ring and traveller throsties
or doubling frames where flyers are not employed; and my improvements
consist in arranging so that the spindles may be lowered down to with-
draw them from the spools which are left upon a fixed rail added to the
machine or in allowing the spindles to remain fixed, and in adding above
the upper spindle rail a rail which is raised to lift the bobbins of the
spindles. The empty bobbins are each placed in a separate tube or other
suitable receptacle partially open in front to allow the barrel of the
bobbin to pass through, and these tubes are carried by a rail which
brings forward the empty bobbins and pushes the full bobbins into a
trough suspended upon the lifting rail, or the rail upon which the full
bobbins are left or suspended in front below the bobbins. The trough may
be arranged to turn from a vertical to a horizontal position if required.
When the bobbins are full just before doffing a small quantity of thread
is wound upon the spindle or a boss upon the spindle, and in doffing the
act of lifting the bobbins will break the thread between the bobbin and
the spindle; but when the empty bobbins are placed upon the spindles
the threads will wind upon the empty bobbins, or the. bobbins may have
each a pin secured in the barrel part or in a recess formed in the head,
or pins or hooks may be fixed or notches may be formed in or upon
discs or parts carried round by the spindles, so that when the thread is
placed in a suitable position by these plates, bars, or other mechanism
carried by the ring or copping rail it will be caught when the spindle
is rotated by the pin, hook, notch, or serration, and so much thread will
be wound upon the empty bobbin or spindle from the full bobbin as will
be necessary to secure the thread to the empty bobbin, when the thread
will be cut and the doffing operation will be finished; or a length of
thread may be left below the bobbin when it is upon the spindle so as
to wind on when the spindles are rotated. In doffing by the above-
described arrangements of mechanism the copping rail will be lifted above
the bobbins, then the spindles will be drawn down, or the bobbins will be
lifted by the plate added, then the empty bobbin rail will move forward to
place the bobbins upon the spindles, at the same time push the full
bobbins into the trough; the copping rail will next be lowered, and the

page_text: doffing will be completed according to one modification; but according
to the other modification after lowering the copping rail the mechanism
will act to bring the threads into the position to be caught by the pins
or hooks, then the spindles will be rotated by turning the tin drum, the
threads will be cut and the doffing operation will be completed; or a
short length, say about six inches, of thread will be left below the bobbins
when upon the spindles, and the serrated edge of a disc upon each spindle
will catch it and cause it to wind upon the spindle, so that the thread
as it is spun or doubled will afterwards begin to wind upon the bobbin.
The first part of my improvements is illustrated by Fig. 1, which is
a cross sectional elevation of part of a spinning frame.
a are the rods by which the weights are suspended for putting pressure
upon the leather-covered rollers. On one side of the frame a separate
weight (a') is supposed to be suspended on each rod, and on the other
side one long weight (a) is supposed to extend from one rod (a¹) on
one side of the frame to the opposite rod on the other side of the frame.
a³ are shafts passing from end to end of the machine, and these shafts
have excentrics (a) upon them, one for each cross frame, which have
bearings in the frame, as shewn. When the shafts (a) are rotated or
partially rotated they move excentrically, and as they act under the
weight or under an adjustable collar (a) secured upon the rod (a) the
weights are lifted sufficiently to remove the pressure from the leather-
covered roller. The shafts may be turned or partly turned by a lever
handle, which may be held by a catch or other means so as to hold up
the weights..
The second part of my Invention is illustrated by Fig. 2, a front
elevation of part of a throstle; Fig. 3, a plan view of part of a copping
rail detached; and Fig. 4, a cross section (full size) of a copping rail or
cover. The drag cloth (b) and copping rail (6') or the plate or cover
of the spindle rail when forming the copping rail are both slotted with
one slot for each spindle, as shewn, the cloth being secured by thread
at intervals, such thread passing through two holes (62) and then being
tied either above or below the rail. The copping rail or plate or cover
acting as the copping rail is made to traverse to and fro, as shewn in
Fig. 2, that is, by means of an incline projection (63) fixed to the frame
at one end, this projection passing through an oblique hole in the
copping rail or plate or by other suitable means.
The improvements forming the third part of my Invention are

page_text: In
It is
Fig. 6
Fig. 1
illustrated by Fig. 1 and by other Figs. herein-after described.
Fig. 1 the trough (c) is shewn upon each side of the frame.
made in suitable lengths and has projections (c¹) revitted to it which
fit holes in the spindle rail (d), as shewn. The thin plate (e) secured
to the front of the rail (d) for guiding the threads passing from the
full to the empty bobbins is also shewn in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a front
view of part of the thin plate shewing the diagonal slots (e¹) which
cause it to rise and fall when end movement is given to it.
illustrates the mode of geering the rollers with the tin rollers, so that
the rollers will remain stationary when the tin roller is turned back.
f is the tin roller shaft; f', wheel giving motion to the rollers; it is
loose on the short shaft (f). The boss of this wheel (f) has ratchet
teeth on its face fitting other teeth in a boss (f³) which can slide on a
key on the short shaft (f). The teeth in the boss (f") are kept
against those on the boss of the wheel by a helical spring which will
give way and let the ratchet teeth pass when the wheel (f¹) turns
backward. Fig. 7 illustrates the mode of securing the flyer (g¹) upon
the spindle (g) by a "quick" square single-threaded screw.
shows the shaft (h) used in place of the excentric shaft, this shaft (h)
acting by projections (h') to force back the latches (h³) jointed at (h³)
for holding up the footstep rail (%). These shafts (h) also act to keep
down the spindles by coming against the circular projections upon the
spindles (9), as shewn. The improvement for taking the strain off the
bands (f) driving the spindles when they are lowered by using a long
warf (g) on one side of the frame is illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 also
illustrates the mode of forming the cross frames (A) of the machines
when the flyer hook rails (l) and bobbin carrying rails are made con-
tinuous in length, and Fig. 8 is a front and Fig. 9 a plan of the flyer
hook rail (), and Fig. 10 a plan and Fig. 11 an edge view of the bobbin
rail (m) showing how they are spliced or connected together to form
a continuous length. On one side of the frame in Fig. 1 the mode of
arranging weight so as to come between the driving bands (f') for the
spindles is shown. a' is the weight; a, the rod to which the weight is
hooked; and Fig. 12 is a plan view of one of the weights. The weights
may be made in the form of a beam, one end suspended to a rod on
one side, and the other end to a rod on the other side of the frame, as
illustrated on one side of Fig. 1, the beam weight (a) passing across
and above the tin rollers (f). The suspending rods (a) are cranked
as shewn to give space and clearance to draw back the bobbin rails.

page_text: Fig. 13 is an end view of the beam weight and an edge view of the
rods to which it is suspended. The arrangement by which the flyer
hook rail (2) can be drawn into a recess in the bobbin lowering rail (n)
and enclosed by a plate is illustrated on one side of Fig. 1. The bobbin
lowering rail (n) is shown down upon one side of the rail as when
lowered for doffing, and it is shewn up on the other side as when
spinning. This bobbin lowering rail (n) has a plate (n') in front to
act as a cover to the mechanism behind, and the recess in the lowering
rail (n) for the flyer hook rail (l) is covered when spinning by thin
plate (n) arranged on screws passing through diagonal slots, as shewn
in Fig. 5; this plate is shewn up on one side and down on the other side.
Fig. 14 is a front view of part of a frame, and Fig. 15 an end section
illustrating the mode of stopping the frame in the correct position for
doffing. p, the fast and loose driving pulleys; p', the driving belt;
2, the belt fork on a stud (2³). The end of this fork lever enters a
slot in the stopping or starting handle (p') that works on a fulcrum
at (p³). To the handle one end of a cord is attached; the other end
after passing over a pulley has a weight (p") secured to it that will
traverse the belt to the loose pulley and stop the machine when a pin
in the handle is released from the notch in a latch (p) jointed at
(ps). This latch is lifted to release the handle by a finger (g) on
one end of a short shaft (g') working in a bracket secured to the
frame; the other end of the short shaft has a ratchet (g) upon it
which can be turned one tooth every time. The copping rail lifts by
a pawl (q) jointed thereon or by a pawl jointed upon an arm centred
on the short shaft (g'), this arm being lifted every time the copping
rail ascends. The ratchet (q) has as many teeth as there are to be
double layers of thread upon the bobbins, so that when it has made one
revolution it can be adjusted so that the finger (g) will just have released
the pin from the latch (p) at the required position for doffing. Any
other equivalent mechanism may be employed in place of that above
described to accomplish the object.
The first modification under the fourth part of my Invention is illus-
trated by Fig. 16, a cross sectional view, and Fig. 17, a partial front
view, which will illustrate the Invention either for spinning or doubling.
The same letters and figures of reference will be used upon the same
and corresponding parts in describing all the modifications under this
head of my Invention.

page_text: In the modification about to be described the spindles are stationary,
as in ordinary spinning and doubling machines, the bobbins being lifted
off the spindles, and the thread is secured, so as to wind on to the empty
bobbin by causing a portion of thread to be wound upon the spindle, or
a boss upon the spindle below the head of the bobbin just before doffing
by lowering the copping rail. A represents the framing of the machine;
u, the tin roller; b, the spindles; c, the upper spindle rail; d, the
foot step spindle rail; e, the ring and traveller or copping rail; A', the
roller stands. All these parts are or may be of the ordinary construction
and arrangement. The copping or ring and traveller rail (e) is mounted
upon vertical sliding rods (e¹) similar to those in ordinary use, but the
vertical rods in this case are made of smaller diameter for a length at
their upper ends than they are below, the lower parts sliding in tube
guides (e) secured in the two spindle rails (c and d). The vertical
rods (e) have a greater range of action than the ordinary copping rail
rods; they have teeth upon them, cach rod gearing with a wheel upon
a shaft (e) (there being one on each side of the machine) passing from
end to end of the frame. The two shafts (e³) are connected by a cross
sliding toothed rack (e'), one rack being above the wheel with which it
gears on one shaft and the other below the wheel upon the other shaft,
so that when this toothed rack bar moves the copping rails on both sides
of the frame will rise or fall together. The sliding toothed rack (e') is
actuated by a heart wheel in the usual manner. The sliding rack (e'),
heart wheel (e), and other connected parts are shown in dotted line in
Fig. 16, and are similar to ordinary copping rail mechanism. The two
shafts (e) are geared together by wheels e, e, and e, and with a
wheel (e) upon the boss of a hand wheel (e¹), the pitch lines of these
wheels being shown in Fig. 16 in dotted line. The wheels (e) upon the
shafts (e) which gear with the horizontal sliding rack (e') are loose
upon the shafts, and their bosses have clutch teeth formed upon them to
correspond with clutch teeth upon a clutch boss (e") upon each shaft,
which clutches slide on a key upon the shaft, but rotate with it. These
clutches are each acted upon by a clutch lever (e), and both levers
may be upon the same cross shaft (e"), so as to be actuated by one rod
or handle (e"). Below the heads of the bobbins when upon the spindles
(b) a plate or rail (f) is arranged, this plate or rail passing from end to
end of the machine, and in the plate or rail there is a hole for each
spindle just large enough to pass over the boss or part (6') upon the
spindle, upon which the head of the bobbin rests, but this hole in the

page_text: rail for each spindle is of smaller diameter than the head of the bobbin;
this lifting rail rests upon the upper spindle rail (c) when the machine
is spinning, as shewn upon the right-hand side of Fig. 16, and the upper
part of the vertical lifting rods (e¹) will slide freely through holes in the
lifting rail (f) until the copping rail (e) has ascended a little above the
spindles, when shoulders upon the vertical lifting rods (e') will come
against the under side of the lifting rails (f) and lift them, continuing
the lifting movement at the same time of the copping rails, and con-
sequently the bobbins will be raised above the spindles until each lift-
ing rail comes against a stop, when the lifting rail (f) is level with the
empty bobbin rail (g), as shown on the left-hand side of Fig. 16.
Instead of employing the vertical rods for actuating both the copping
rail and the lifting rail the latter may be acted upon by separate rods by
projections coming from the copping rail rods, or by fingers or segments
upon the copping rail rods, which come into gear or in contact with the
rods for the lifting rails about the time when the copping rail is clear
of the tops of the spindles. On each side of the machine there is a
plate (g') fixed to the framing, the horizontal surface of which forms
a fixed table for the empty bobbins to rest upon, the vertical part of each
plate forming a cover. Above the table plate a rail (g) is arranged
secured upon the ends of a number of horizontal rods (g), there being
several in the length of the machine, these rods sliding through suitable
brackets secured to the framing, and the end of each rod is jointed to
one end of a link (9") which at its other end is jointed to a crank pin
(g) in a disc (g³), secured upon a central shaft (9) passing end to end
of the machine, this shaft giving the required sliding movement to the
rods (g) by making a half revolution. In Fig. 16 one empty bobbin
rail (g) is shown in the position which it occupies when it has been
pushed out for doffing, and the other is shown in the position it occupies
when the machine is spinning or doubling, but when both bobbin rails
act at the same time, as intended, the connecting links (g³) will be
jointed to their cranks on opposite sides of the shaft (g).. To the empty
bobbin rail (g) a tube (g') is attached for each spindle, being exactly
opposite the centre of each spindle; these tubes are open in front
sufficient to allow the barrel part of the bobbin to pass through.
plan view of a portion of an empty bobbin rail with the tube applied
is shown by Fig. 18. There are holes in the roller beam just over the
tubes of the empty bobbin rail when drawn back, to which short lengths
of tube (9) are attached, and into each of these holes an empty bobbin
A

page_text: is placed while the machine is spinning or doubling ready for the doffing
operation. There is a plate (h) in front of each empty bobbin rail to
act as a cover; it is arranged to slide vertically, and is connected by
cords or chains (h') (passing over pulleys (2) on studs fixed in the
framing) with the bobbin lifting rail (f), so that as the latter ascends
the cover will descend, and vice versa.
The mode of doffing by the combination of mechanism above described
is as follows: When the bobbins arc full and the copping rail (/) has
arrived at the lowest point of its traverse (when spinning or doubling)
the clutches (e) of the copping shafts (e") are put out of gear and the
copping rail is lowered by the hand wheel (e¹º), so that a small quantity
of thread will wind either upon the spindle or the boss (6¹) upon the
spindle below the head of the bobbin, then the machine is stopped, and
the copping rail (e) is lifted by the hand wheel (e10) and the bobbin
lifting rail () as well, until it arrives against a stop, when it is on a
level with the empty bobbin table (g'). In this lifting of the bobbin
the thread between each bobbin and the spindle is broken, but leaving
that end of the thread which passes to the "traveller" secured to the
spindle. The empty bobbin rails (g) are next pushed outwards by turn-
ing the handle (9%), and this pushes the full bobbins off the lifting rail
(f), and they fall into the receptacle (i) in front previously hooked or
otherwise secured to the spindle rail, as shown. When the empty bobbin
rail (g) is advanced to the fullest extent the empty bobbins are brought
over the spindles; the bobbin-lifting rail (f) is then lowered a little to
allow the heads of the bobbins to get clear of the tubes, then the bobbin
rail (g) is drawn back, the lifting rail (f) is lowered to rest upon the
spindle rail (c), the copping rail (e) is also lowered to a fixed mark, and
the clutches (e) are brought into gear, when the doffing operation is
completed. The thread between the full bobbin and the spindle does
not break with certainty when the bobbin is lifted by the rail (f), so
that to make this certain the bottom of each bobbin must be toothed,
as shown by Fig. 19, a side, and Fig. 20, an end view of the bobbin.
Each bobbin is rotated by a pin in the boss part (6¹) upon the spindle,
as is well known, the said pin entering an annular groove across which
a metal pin is made to pass, as shewn in Figs. 19 and 20, but bobbins
with cross slots in the head may be used. When these bobbins are used
a narrow rib may be formed upon the bobbin lifting rail slightly above
its surface and opposite the centre of each spindle and in the line in
which the empty bobbins move when pushing off the full bobbins,

page_text: These ribs will enter the grooves in the bottom of the bobbins and will
prevent the full bobbins from turning when lifted, and consequently
the thread will break with certainty. The bobbin rail is only lifted so
high that the top of the said rib will be level with the empty bobbin
table. There is uncertainty about discharging the full bobbin, owing to
the thread between the lower part of the spindle and the "traveller "
coming in front of the full bobbin, and it cannot pass unless the thread
becomes slack to a certain extent. This slackening of the thread is
accomplished by a rod or faller wire extending from end to end of the
frame and passing under the threads, so as to lift them between the
rollers and the guide wire or curl while spinning just before doffing,
this faller wire being lowered to give out the slack at the time when the
empty bobbins are being pushed outwards.
Another method for accomplishing this object in doubling or spinning
frames is by giving about a quarter of a turn forward to the rollers
when doffing and before the empty bobbins are pushed forward. This
may be done by gearing the rollers with a ratchet arrangement, as
herein before described in reference to Fig. 6; then by a suitable handle
the rollers may be turned forward by hand, or this may be done by gear-
ing the rollers with a ratchet wheel, which is geared by multiplying
gearing with the rollers. An arm is centred to oscillate freely upon the
axis of the ratchet wheel, and this arm carries a click or pawl which
works upon the teeth of the ratchet; the arm is jointed with one end of
a rod, the other end being jointed with the bobbin-lifting rail (f), the
end of the said arm being arranged vertically over the bobbin-lifting rail,
so that when it lifts the said arm will be moved, and this will turn the
ratchet to the required extent to give out sufficient slack thread. In
the descending movement of the bobbin-lifting rail the pawl passes over
the ratchet teeth, and a pin or stop may be arranged to come in contact
with and lift the pawl from the teeth of the ratchet just before the
bobbin-lifting rail comes to its lowest position, so that the pawl will
not be constantly lifting over the ratchet teeth after the doffing is com.
pleted and while the machine is working. In some ring and traveller
spinning and doubling frames there will not be space enough between
the top of the spindle and the guide wire to lift off the bobbins (the
spindles remaining fixed); in this case the wire curl board may be lifted
by suitable rods in connection with the lifting rail (f) by arrangements
somewhat similar to those for doffing flyer throstles shown by Figs. 15

page_text: and 16 of the Specification of my aforesaid Patent. I prefer the methods
above described for making slack thread when the full bobbins are being
discharged, but there is a method for dispensing with the necessity for
making slack thread by cutting a slit from the inside of each hole to
the front of the bobbin-lifting rail, as shewn in Fig. 21, a plan view of
part of the rail. This slit or opening allows the thread to pass out of
the hole and give sufficient slack or movement to allow the full bobbins
to pass, but as this method renders the breaking of the thread in doffing
less certain I do not recommend it, but prefer that the holes should be
entire and without slit, and to form slack thread by turning forward the
rollers, or using a faller wire under the threads, as above described.
The next modification to be described is one in which the spindles are
lowered and withdrawn from the full bobbin. Fig. 22 is a cross sectional
elevation. The upper spindle rail (c) is fixed, and in it short hollow
spindles (6) are arranged to rotate, being driven by a band passing
round the tin drums (a), and a warf upon the lower end of the hollow
spindle (6). The spindle (6) passes and slides up and down in the
hollow spindle (63) in doffing, there being a groove in the spindle to fit
a pin in the hollow spindle, so that both will rotate together. The lower
part of each spindle (b) is formed with a collar, so that a plate (d')
secured to the footstep rail (d) will draw down the spindle when the
footstep rail is lowered. The footstep rails are secured upon toothed
rack brackets (d) which slide upon vertical rods (d³) secured in brackets
bolted to the framing, and each toothed rack bracket (one on each side)
is in gear with a pinion upon a shaft (d) passing from end to end of the
machine, there being one of these shafts on each side. The two shafts
(d) are geared together, and with a hand wheel (d) centred upon the
axis of the tin drums (a), as shewn by dotted pitch lines. The copping
motion is given to the ring and traveller rail (e) by the usual mechanism,
viz., vertical sliding rods (e') and chains or belts secured to bosses on
the shafts (e), and motion is given to the copping shafts (e³) by a heart
wheel (e) acting upon a bowl on a stud in a lever having its fulcrum on
a stud in the framing, and by chains (e¹) passing partly round a
pulley (e) to pulleys in the copping shafts (e), as shewn in dotted
line. There is a fixed table (') for the empty bobbins, and the empty
bobbin rails (g) are constructed, arranged, and actuated by similar
mechanism to that herein-before described in reference to Figs. 16 and
17. But in placing the empty bobbins ready for doffing the tube rails

page_text: (g) are moved forward, as shewn on the left side when looking at Figure
22, on which side the parts are shewn in the position they occupy when
spinning. There is a bobbin-lifting plate or rail (f) through holes in
which the vertical rods (e') for the copping rail pass, and shoulders upon
these rods lift these rails into the position shewn upon the right-hand
side of Fig. 22, when the copping rail (e) has been lifted above th:
bobbins, as shewn upon the same side of Fig. 22. The bobbins are
driven by pins in the upper ends of the hollow spindles (63), and the
threads are guided from the full to the empty bobbins by a plate (k)
having diagonal slots, as herein-before described and shewn by Figure 5.
To each copping rail a small shaft m is fitted, passing from end to end,
and this shaft has small pinions upon it at intervals, which gear with
toothed racks (m), one above and the other below the pinion, and that
rack which is above the pinion passes through a slot in the ring rail, as
shewn in Fig. 23" in plan. These toothed racks are connected with
bars (m³), a short length of which is represented by Fig 24" in plan,
each bar having a hollow opposite each spindle, as shewn. These bars
are secured to the under side of the copping rail (e) so as to slide to and
from each other, and this movement is given by rotating the shaft (m)
one way or the other. The object of this arrangement is to bring the
threads towards the barrel or bottom head of the bobbin, so that a small
hook or pin secured to project from the barrel or head of the bobbin will
catch upon the thread and wind thread from the full to the empty bobbin
until it is secured thereto.
The mode of doffing by this modification is as follows:-The copping
heart wheel lever (65) is lifted by its handle to a fixed stop, where it is
secured by a pin, pawl, or other means; this brings the bobbin-lifting
rail (f) and copping rail (e) into the position shewn on the right of
Fig. 22; the hand wheel (d) is unlatched (being held by a pawl
entering a notch in its rim) when the machine is spinning, and the
spindles (b) are drawn out of the bobbins; then the empty bobbin
rail (g) is brought forward into the position shewn on the right of
Fig. 22, and this pushes the full bobbins into the trough (i) placed to
receive them; now the copping rail (e) is lowered partly and the spindles
are lifted; then the empty bobbin rail (g) is drawn back and the cop-
ping rail (e) is fully lowered, and the bars (m³) upon it are brought
towards each other by turning the shafts (m); then the spindles (6) are

page_text: rotated by turning the tin drums (a), and the thread is wound from the
full to the empty bobbin over the edge of the guide plate (k); then the
threads are cut between the full and empty bobbins by the means
described in the Specification of my Patent herein-before referred to,
that is, by a rotating disc passing along the groove in the upper surface
of the rail (), and this completes the doffing operation.
Fig. 23 is a cross sectional elevation of part of a machine illustrating
another modification where the spindles are drawn down from the
bobbins. In this modification the spindles are arranged in the rails (c
and d) in the ordinary manner, but both rails are connected so as to
move up and down in vertical guides. The spindle rails may be raised
or lowered by the arrangements herein-before described, or by those
explained in the Specification of my Patent herein-before referred to.
There is a fixed rail (f) above the upper spindle rail (c), having a hole
in it for each spindle, so that the spindles may be drawn down through
the holes in the rail. A portion of a spindle of the fixed rail (f), and
a cross section of the copping rail (e), and parts upon the spindle are
shewn full size by Fig. 24. There is a small boss (6¹) having pins in it
screwed upon each spindle (b); these pins pass through holes or slots in
a disc (6) (a plan of part of which is shewn by Fig. (25) ), which fits
upon the boss (6') screwed upon the spindle (b); the edge of the disc (6")
has teeth or serrations formed in it. The empty bobbin rail (g) is
arranged and used as herein-before described in reference to Fig. 22.
The trough (i) for receiving the full bobbins may be hooked to pins or
hinged to the rail (f), as shewn in Fig. 23, so that when receiving the
bobbins it may be erect, as shewn in full line, and when the bobbins have
been received it may be turned down, as shewn in dotted line.
trough may be corrugated, as shewn by Fig. 26, one hollow sufficiently
large to receive a full bobbin opposite each spindle. In using this last-
described modification the copping rails (e) are lifted above the bobbins
and the spindles lowered below them, leaving the disc parts (6³) rest-
ing on the fixed rail (f); then the empty bobbins are brought forward
and the full bobbins are pushed into the trough, which may then be
turned down; the spindles are lifted and the empty bobbin rail (g) with-
drawn, and the copping rail (e) is lowered to the position shewn in Fig.
23; then by turning the spindles the teeth or serrations on the disc part
(63) will catch the thread, and a portion of it will be wound upon the
The

page_text: spindle from the bobbin; the threads may then be cut as herein-before
described and the doffing operation is completed. The full spools may
be allowed to fall into a trough attached to the footstep rail, and the
threads may be cut, leaving six or eight inches of thread below the upper
rail (c); this will wind upon the spindle when the machine is set to work
if the copping rail is lowered into the position shewn in Fig. 24.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The use of a shaft having excentrics upon it for lifting the
weights from off the leather-covered rollers of preparing and spinning
machinery, as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The slotting of the cover of the spindle copping rail, or the
copping rail when used separate from the spindle rail, and the "drag
cloth," and the mode of actuating the rail, substantially as is herein-
before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Thirdly. The several improvements described under the third head of
this Specification and illustrated by the Drawings, when combined with
mechanism for "doffing."
Fourthly. I claim the combination and arrangement of mechanism for
doffing ring and traveller spinning or doubling machines, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 16 and 17 of the
Drawings.
Fifthly. I claim the toothing of the bottom end of the bobbins to
break the threads with certainty when the full bobbins are lifted off the
spindles, substantially as described, and the making of narrow ribs upon
the lifting rail to prevent the bobbins from turning, substantially as
described.
Sixthly. The making of slack thread by turning the rollers forward,
or by the use of a faller wire or its equivalent, substantially as herein-
before described.
Seventhly. The forming of the bobbin-lifting rail (7) or its equivalent
with slits from each hole in it to the front of the rail, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Eighthly. I claim the combinations and arrangements of mechanism
for doffing ring and traveller throstles and doubling machines, substan-

page_text: Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bernhardt, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
GEORGE BERNHARDT. (L.S.)