Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 26th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 4th May, 1889
I JAMES ROOTS 19 St. Marys Road Westbourne Park W. Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The generator is loosely packed with wire gauzo and asbestos through which the air
and petroleum being drawn by the pump action of the outstroke of the piston are so
intimately mixed as to form a complete gas. If a more volatile bydrocarbon be used
such as benzoline or naphtha, the generator jacket is connected with the cylinder
jacket so that the hot water circulates through it on its way to the tank, if the heavier
petroleum be used the exhaust pipe is connected with the generator jacket. The
charge undergoes greater compression than is usual in other engines: it is ignited by
a red hot tube on the charge being compressed into it. The cycle is the usual cycle
of compression engines. The exhaust valve is worked by a tappet fixed at the end of
a spindle passing through the bed casting having bearings at either end, one end of a
lever rod is fixed to the spindle, the other end projects through a slot in the bed side
and is attached to the connecting rod by a semi-universal joint, the other end of which
connecting rod is attached to a stud on the larger of the two cog wheels (not bevel)
the smaller of which is half the size of the other and is attached to and revolves
with the crank shaft. In another arrangement the lever projecting through the slot
is forced down by a cam on the crank shaft a roller on the end of the connecting rod
being pressed by a spring on to the face of the cam. When the speed of tho engine
becomes excessive the using of the centrifugal governor lifts one end of a lever the
other end of which actuates two valves on one spindle or pin, the one admitting air
to the cylinder, the other cutting off the supply from the generator, that is, while
the one valve is well open the other is absolutely closed, either admitting air only or
explosive charge only, an ignition may occur when running without a load once in
three four or more revolutions as required, the cylinder and piston being the generator
pump. The igniting tube is enclosed in a tube or case lined with asbestos at the
mouth of which is placed a wick lamp having a blowing pipe placed lengthwise with
the wick and case, the blast for which is produced by a small fan revolved by a band

page_text: off the crank shaft and placed within the boil, which fin has a projecting handle so
that it may be turned by hand for starting. A small pump may be used in
place of the fan to force the air to the burner. The pipe conveying the heavy
petroleum to the generator may be coiled round the igniter caso or round the
exhaust pipe.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydrocarbon Engines.
JAMES ROOTS of 19 St. Marys Road, Westbourne Park, Middlesex, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to he particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The generator is loosely packed with wire gauze through which the air and
petroleum being drawn by the pump action of the outstroke of the piston are so
intimately mixed as to form a completo gas.
The charge undergoes greater compression than is usual in other engines, it is
ignited by a red hot tubo on the charge being compressed into it. The cycle is the
usual two revolution cycle of compression engines. The exhaust valve is worked by
a tappet fixed at the end of a spindle passing through the bed casting having bearings
at either end, one end of a lever is fixed to the spindle the other projects through a
slot in the bedside and is attached to the connecting rod by a semi universal joint,
the other ond of which connecting rod is attached to a stud on the larger of the two
cog wheels (not bevil) the smaller of which is half the size of the other and is
attached to and revolves with the crank shaft. In another arrangement the lever
projecting through the slot is forced down by a cam on the crank shaft, a roller
on the end of the connecting rod being pressed by a spring on to the face of
the cam.
When the speed of the engine becomes excessive the rising of the centrifugal
governor lifts one end of a lever the other ond of which netuates two valves on one
spindle or pin the ono admitting air to the cylinder the other cutting off the supply
from the generator that is while tho ono valvo is well open the other is absolutely
closed either admitting air only or explosive charge only, an ignition may occur when
running without a lond once in three, four, or more revolutions as required, tho
cylinder and piston being the gonerator pump.

page_text: The igniting tube is enclosed in a tube or case lined with asbestos at the mouth of
bich is placed a wick lamp having a blowing pipe placed lengthwise with the wick
ad case, the blast from which is produced by a small fan revolved by a band off the
ank shaft or by a hellows worked by mechanism from the crank shaft and placed
ithin the bed. The fan or bellows has a projecting handle so that it may be worked
y hand for starting. A small pump may be used in the place of the fan to force
e air to the burner.
Figure 3 is a plan.
Figure 4 is an end view.
Figure 5 is a section shewing the generator and the governor valves.
Figure 6 shows a method of working the bellows for supplying a forced draught for
the lamp.
Figure 7 shews an alternative arrangement for this purpose.
Figs. 8 and 9 are larger views of the igniting tube, lamp and chimney.
The same letters of reference indicate like parts.
A is the cylinder. D the generator or chainher in which the petroleum and air are
mixed together. E the petroleum reservoir having the ordinary sight feed pipe S
attached and the glass tube E¹ to shew the level of the oil. M is the exhaust valve,
M the tappet lever which opens it every other revolution, it is fixed to the shaft X
which passes through the bed having a bearing at either end and does not rotate but
is rocked or is given a partial rotation by the double connecting rod O by means of
the arm or lever N which is fixed to the rocking shaft X.
The double connecting rod 0 has a semi universal joint at each end and its other
or upper end is jointed to a pin or stud on the larger of the two toothed wheels W*
which has one revolution for overy two of the toothed wheel W which gears into it
and which is koyed on the crank shaft W.
I is the governor revolved by the band T from the crank shaft. When the speed
increases excessively the rising of the governor I lifts one end of the lever R upon
the other end of which rests loosely the end of the valve spindle P to which are fixed
two valves P and P3 so that when the governor end of R is raised the opposite end
being lowered the valve spindle P drops closing the valve P¹ and opening the valve P²
closing the channel admitting the mixture of petroleum and air and admitting air
only to the valve P2. When the speed decreases the weight of the governors lifts the
valve spindle closing the valve P' which admits air only, and again opening the
valve P which admits the explosive charge only, thus an ignition may occur when
running without a load in three four or more revolutions as required and the number
may be varied with the same work by the weight on the governor.
The igniting tube F is turned downward in the metal chimney lined with
asbestos F having a short slot cut at the top of the chimney for this purpose.
At F is placed a metal ring projecting inwards fitting tightly on the asbestos lining
contracting the chimney at this point so as to compress the lamp flame close to the
igniting tube F and which is more quickly and readily made red hot by this means.
The contraction in the chimney may also be formed by attaching the ring to the
igniting tube as in Figures 1 and 8 forming a kind of button or deflector on the
igniting tube itself. The efficiency of the lamp is increased by supplying a forced
draught to the circular or Argand burner of the lamp G the central tube of which is
continued to the bottoin of the lamp reservoir where the pipe Z' is screwed which
conveys the forced draught. This is supplied by a fan or bellows worked by mechanisin
from the crank shaft. I prefer the bellows as with it a greater pressure can be
obtained.
Figure 6 shows the method of working the bellows. An arm or lever 7 is fixed
to the rocking or semi-rotating spindle X, the other end of the lever carries a roller
which bears on the upper board or wall of the bellows, forcing it down or compressing
it by the movement of the shaft X, a spring inside the bellows returns it, or ro-fills it

page_text: with air. In Figure 7 the bellows are worked by the cam Y on the crank shaft W,
forcing down the roller on the rod connected to the bellows Z which is returned by
the spring.
In Figure 4, the lamp G is shown without the bellows.
The air is first heated by passing through the coil in the exhaust box J', and
unters the side of the generator D where it is mixed with the potroloum, and they
then together pass by the valve Pl directly into the cylinder A where on the highest
compression the charge is firod by the red hot tubo B.
To start the Engino, a small quantity of petroleum is placed in the cavity K which
is heated by a lamp placed beneath the metal closing plate K.
The reservoir E may be placed at a distance from the Engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invon-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination of the generator D to which the Petroleum and heated air aro
admitted with the channel D and the cylinder or explosion chamber A operating and
arranged as described and shown.
2. The combination of a generator such as D, a channel D'and the starting cavity K
operating and arranged as described and shown.
3. The combination of a generator such as D, a reservoir E, a channel D¹, an air
heating tube J in the exhaust box J', and a cavity such as K, all operating and
arranged as described and shown.
4. The combination and arrangement of mechanism as described and shown for
operating the exhaust valve.
5. The governing valves P1 and P on one spindle P operating and arranged as
described and shown.
6. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for supplying a forced draught to
the central tube of the argand burner lamp G, as described.
7. The combination of the lamp with a circular or Argand burner G the asbestos
lined metal chimney F having the contracted channel as at F, Figure 8 with the
igniting tube Fall oporating and arranged as described.
8. The combination of the lamp G with the Argand burner, asbestos lined metal
chimney F having the contracted channel formed as at F³, Figure 9, with the igniting
tube Fall operating and arranged as described.
9. The combination of parts and mechanism forming the improved engine operating
and arranged as described and shown.
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