matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS FROM CASES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Frankenstein at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1861.-A communication from abroad by Henri Cazades, of
42, Rue Barreyre, Bordeaux.
I, NATHAN FRANKENSTEIN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS FOR
DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS FROM CASES AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in syphons for drawing off
liquids from casks and other vessels. For these purposes, in order to construct
a syphon according to this Invention, a bent tube is used, as heretofore, and
towards the lower end of the longer limb a cock or tap is applied, as is ordinarily
the case. At the upper part of the bend between the two limbs is applied a small
air tap or valve, at which, when opened and the syphon is being filled with
the liquid, the air (previously contained in the syphon) is allowed to escape.
To the shorter limb of the syphon is applied a pump, which is preferred
to be fixed on the interior of such shorter limb, and the piston rod is
arranged to work through the upper end of the barrel of the pump, and
near the upper part of the shorter limb of the syphon. At the lower
part of the pump barrel (which comes down nearly to the lower end
of the shorter limb of the syphon) there is a valve, by preference a spherical
one, which opens inwards, and above such valve there is a rising pipe,
which ascends within the shorter limb of the syphon. At the other end of
this rising pipe there is a valve, which opens outwards. In using a syphon
constructed according to this Invention the cock or tap near the lower end of

page_text: the longer limb of the syphon is to be closed, the air cock or tap is to be
opened, the lower end of the shorter limb of the syphon is to be introduced
into the liquid which is to be drawn off, and the piston of the pump is to be
worked, by which the liquid will be raised, and the syphon will be thereby
progressively filled with the liquid, and the air previously contained in the
syphon will pass off at the air cock or valve. When the syphon is full of the
liquid, the air cock or valve is to be closed, and the cock near the end of
the longer limb of the syphon is to be opened, when the syphon will act
without the further use of the pump. I would state that in place of using a
force pump a lift pump may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUNERAL OR MOURNING CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Turner Whitgrove at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1861.
I, JAMES TURNER WHITGROVE, of the City of Worcester, Carriage Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FUNERAL OR MOURNING CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in funeral or mourning carriages relates
to a novel form of carriage in which a hearse and mourning carriage are com-
bined. In carrying out my Invention the carriage is divided longitudinally
by a central partition, against which the seats are arranged so that the inmates
of the carriage sit in two rows back to back with their faces towards the
windows at the sides of the carriage. The compartment to receive the coffin
is made under the seats, and access is obtained thereto by means of a door at
the back or end of the carriage. The carriage may be made to hold four,
five, or six on each side, and access is provided on each side by means of doors
between the wheels. If desired, a passage may be made round the front end
of the carriage, so that all the mourners may descend at either side. When
this is the case, some of the mourners may be arranged to sit back to back
with their faces towards the side windows, as in the former instance, and
others of them may sit with their faces towards the front. By this arrange-
ment, the compartment under the seats to receive the coffin will necessarily
be somewhat shortened, but when the carriage is made to hold eight or more
people, there will still be sufficient room for coffins of ordinary dimensions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSING BOARDS FOR PRESSING CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Edouard Fleury, of
Amiens, France, Dyer and Dresser.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRESSING BOARDS FOR PRESSING CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS," (communicated to
me from abroad by Edouard Fleury, of Amiens, France, Dyer and Dresser,)
to be as follows:-
Hitherto lustre has been given to cloth and other stuffs of any texture by
placing card or mill board between each fold of the stuff, and submitting it
in this state to pressure under the influence of heat; the stuff eventually taking
the lustre of the boards placed between its folds. But under existing circum-
stances some length of time elapses before this lustre is communicated with
regularity to every part of the fabric, each fold of which may be both very
broad and thick, and the object of this Invention is to accelerate this
operation, and give it more regularity by making the pressing boards good
conductors of heat; and it is proposed to effect this by metallizing them in
any manner, either by mixing metallic particles with the pulp or paste of
which the pressing board is made by glueing or otherwise fixing a metallic
sheet between two boards, or by fixing such sheet of metal on one or both
surfaces of the pressing board.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DINNER PLATES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1861.-A communication from abroad by Daniel Hartwell
Shirley, of Boston, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DINNER
PLATES," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to forming around the main body of plates used for
table purposes depressions or receptacles for articles of food, such as sauces,
vegetables, & condiments, whereby they may be kept separate from each other
and all within convenient reach in one and the same vessel, whereby the use
of many small plates, in connection with a large one, may be dispensed with.
The Invention admits of various modifications to suit varying circumstances.
Thus, around the main body of the plate a series of shallow receptacles are
formed of any desired shape and size by making depressions in the concentric
rim of the plate. Or the main body of the plate may be arranged eccentric
to the circle of the rim.
This arrangement admits of relatively larger additional compartments being
provided suitable for receiving vegetables. These additional receptacles may
be formed by means of beads or partitions on the rim of the plate raised suffi-
ciently to give the required depth to the receptacle.
Year: 1861

page_text: pump) a vacuum in the cask, and thereby cause the disappearance of all
tendency to hurtful fermentation, and I precipitate without difficulty any
excess of tannin, tartar, or other deteriorating element. The apparatus neces-
sary to give the required pressure of air, or to create the vacuum in the
vessels, consists of a double-action pump, that is to say, a force and suction
pump, by which a vacuum may be obtained, or a pressure of air given at will.
The air which it compresses enters through a tube, with tap, into a metallic
reservoir, in which it is submitted to the action of chloride of calcium, plaster,
quicklime, or other substance which will seize the humidity of the air. Pipes
leading to the vessels holding the substances on which it is desired to operate
are adjusted on the reservoir. Each vessel is isolated, and the pressure it will
bear is ascertained; it is furnished with hermetically closing tubes, by which
the discolouring matters are to be introduced. The reservoir having received
from the pump the requisite supply of air, this air is distributed as may be
required for the different matters under treatment by opening the taps of the
connecting pipes. Experience has proved to me that after a certain lapse of
time the air which acts upon the substances loses its discolouring action, and
that it is necessary to renew it, in which case I open the taps, obtain a vacuum
by the aid of the pump, and then recharge with air. I use wooden casks or
barrels of a certain strength for oils and varnish which I desire to discolour
and purify, and prefer always to operate in wooden vessels, and if they are
weak, agitators should be used, as previously explained in describing the
operation upon vinegar.
AN IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léonard Vassiviere at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1861.
I, LÉONARD VASSIVIERE, of Lyons, in the Department of the Rhone, in
the Empire of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The position of my apparatus is in the furnace under the boiler (when
furnaces and boilers are used in conjunction) and forward of the furnace
bars. The smoke should be made to pass my apparatus at its lower part, it
then ascends into small round holes made quite through the thickness of the
inferior plate, from thence the smoke passes through a nipple, round which
circulates heated air, which, meeting at the summit of the nipple, the smoke
mixes therewith and furnishes the latter with the oxygen required to establish
combustion. This mixture traverses an upper plate (which is placed on
the hollow nipple to receive its tube), this is also provided with a round hole.
Between this upper plate and the nipple a space of about an eighth of an
inch is left to let the heated air pass to supply the required oxygen and
establish combustion of the smoke, which operation takes place immediately
above the space mentioned and in the hole of the upper plate, which is
sufficiently heated to ensure the inflamation of the mixture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS AND PIGMENTS PROM COAL OIL, RAW NAPHTHALINE, AND FROM THE WASTE LIME FROM GASWORKS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Charles Emile Vial at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1861.
I, LOUIS CHARLES EMILE VIAL, of Paris, France, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS AND PIGMENTS PROM COAL OIL, RAW NAPHTHALINE,
AND FROM THE WASTE LIME FROM GASWORKS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improved modes of manufacturing a red colouring
matter or pigment from coal oil or from raw naphthaline, and a green o.
bluish one from the waste lime from gasworks.
For manufacturing the red colouring matter I treat coal oil or rav
naphthaline with an alkali or alkaline earth, such as potash, soda, or lime.
under the influence of the atmospheric air a more or less deep red colouring
matter is formed, which may be used in this state or may be separated from:
the materials with which it is mixed, by treating with a suitable alkaline
solution, by preference one of subcarbonate of soda, and precipitating the
colouring matter therefrom by the addition of any suitable acid, such, fo.
instance, as sulphuric or acetic acid.
For obtaining the green or bluish colouring matter I treat waste lime
from the purifying apparatuses of gasworks with a suitable acid, such, fo
nstance, as nitric or hydrochloric acid, by which means a precipitate of :
nore or less deep green or bluish colour is formed, and which may be mad

page_text: use of in that state, or may be suitably purified by washing the same with
water or by any other suitable means.
The colouring matters obtained by these methods may be used either alone,
or in combination with other suitable colouring, thickening, or inert matters,
or the same may be made into lakes or used as pigments by the addition of
oils or other suitable menstruums.
AN IMPROVED SPINNING TOY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th November 1861.-A communication from abroad by Gustave Xavier
Tautain and Louis Alfred Coquet, both of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SPINNING TOY," (communicated to me from abroad by
Gustave Xavier Tautain and Louis Alfred Coquet, both of Paris, France), to
be as follows:-
This toy is constructed as follows:-A spherical ball is fixed loosely upon a
spindle, which passes through and is a fixture with a wheel, the rim of which
may be round, square, flat, or of any other form, and is united to the boss by
curved arms. A string is wound upon a grooved collar, fast on the spindle,
and by rapidly withdrawing the string the toy is made to spin. Sometimes
the sphere is repeated below as well as above the wheel.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Mills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1861.
I, FREDERICK MILLS, of the Star Iron Works, Heywood, near the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to simplify and facilitate the operation of
setting the rollers and clearers of carding engines to the main cylinder with
greater accuracy than has been heretofore obtainable in carding engines of the
ordinary description. The bottom part of the brackets which support the rollers
and clearers are tapped for the purpose of receiving the setting screws, and
the threads of these screws are very liable to wear loose or strip, thus becoming
inefficient.
Now my Invention consists in hinging the set screws to the bottom of the
said brackets in such manner that the ends of the said set screws shall project
through the flange of the bend, where they are secured by means of lock nuts,
thus preventing the possibility of wear in the threads of the screws, and always
maintaining the parts in good working condition. By means of the set screws
hinging at the bottom of the brackets, the lock nuts are allowed to bear
equally on the flange when the set screws at the top of the brackets for
setting the rollers to the clearers are used, but the bottom set screws may also
be made fast in the brackets, in which case slots would have to be made in the
flange of the bend for the purpose just described.
A NEW METHOD OF MAKING PAPER FROM THE COCHLEARIA ARMORACIA, OR HORSERADISH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Littleton Holt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1861.
I, THOMAS LITTLETON HOLT, Newspaper Editor, of Brook House, Brentford,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW METHOD OF MAKING PAPER FROM THE COCHLEARIA ARMORACIA,
OR HORSERADISH," to be as follows:-
I take the stem of the leaf of the horseradish, and using the same means
as are used with hemp or flax stems, render it into fibre by boiling or steeping.
I then take the fibre and reduce it by the ordinary means used in the manu-
facture of paper for the reduction of fibres, whether raw or of rags, into pulp,
which can then be manufactured into paper by the ordinary processes and
machines in common use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Albert Shepard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
June 1861.
I, WILLIAM ALBERT SHEPARD, of Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boilers. For
these purposes in constructing a steam boiler the fire-box is surrounded on its
four sides with thin water spaces, and the water spaces in front and back of the
boiler are connected by several vertical narrow water spaces which are arranged
parallel to each other and to the sides of the boiler. These narrow water
spaces are above the fire-bars, and cross the fire-box in a direction from front
to back, narrow parallel spaces being left between them to permit the hea
and products of combustion to rise up between the narrow water spaces to the
top of the fire-box or chamber, and to pass off from thence by a chimney or
funnel, which rises up from the top of the fire-box or chamber through the
steam chest or upper part of the boiler. And in order to aid the combustion
of the fuel, jets of steam are admitted both at the back and front of the
furnace into the passages between the narrow water spaces; the lower edge or
part of each of the narrow water spaces rises or inclines upwards from the
point where it is connected to the front water space of the boiler to where it
is connected with the back water space of the boiler, and the upper edge or
part of each of the narrow water spaces also rises from the point where it is

page_text: connected to the front water space of the boiler to where it is connected to the
back water space of the boiler, and the narrow water spaces are made deeper
at their back ends than at their front ends, with a view to cause the steam
and water to pass constantly in one direction, and thus produco a continual
circulation of the water through the narrow water spaces.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CHURNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anson Hubbell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June:
1861.
I, ANSON HUBBELL, of Salisbury Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN CHURNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in churning by means of two rollers armed with
spikes or projections, which I prefer to be corrugated; the projections on one
roller working between those on the other roller, to which rollers rapid
rotary motion is imparted in a contrary direction through pinions on the roller
shafts, both driven by one toothed wheel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN THE APPA- RATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PART OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE CONSOLIDATING OR RENDERING HOMOGENEOUS IRON AND STEEL FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Goran Frederick Goransson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1861.
J, GORAN FREDERICK GORANSSON, of Gefle, in the Kingdom of Sweden, Iron
Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TYRES FOR RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN THE APPA-
RATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PART OF THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE
CONSOLIDATING OR RENDERING HOMOGENEOUS IRON AND STEEL FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of tyres for railway purposes of
a more homogeneous kind than has been heretofore obtained, by casting the
hoops of steel and malleable iron somewhat broader than the wheels intended
to be formed from them; these hoops are then placed in a boss made strong
enough to retain the metal in shape under the next operation; inside this boss
and also inside the boop to be operated upon is placed a punch or circular
metal piece of the size of the inner diameter of the hoop, the hoop being placed
between; the boss and punch is then operated upon by a power hammer, the
hammer piece of which may be round, so as to cover the whole circumference of
the hoop at each stroke, or of the ordinary construction; this hammer being
employed to consolidate or render homogeneous the metallic hoops; the hoops
are afterwards rolled to the size required.
It is obvious that the same Invention may be applied to the rendering
homogeneous ingots or other bodies of iron and steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dicks at the Office of:
the Commissioners of Patents; with his Pétition, on the 5th December,
*1861.
I, WILLIAM DICKS, of Floore, in the County of Northampton, Smith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of combined lift and force pumps, whereby the first cost is considerably
reduced, the working parts being greatly simplified..
According to one arrangement of pump, I propose to enclose the barrel
inside an air-tight box or chamber, to the upper end of which box or chamber
is connected the rising main, whilst the suction pipe is bolted to a flanged pipe
on the bottom of the box. This arrangement affords facility for using a large
barrel with a small rising main, and enables the bucket to be readily detached
from the bucket rod and removed from the barrel when requisite for repairs or
cleaning, it being simply necessary for such purpose to remove the front of the
box which encloses the barrel. The bucket rod passes down the interior of the
rising main, being guided so as to work centrally therein by suitable radial guide
arms fixed to the rod at proper intervals. The upper end of the rising main,
has a five-way fitting screwed thereto, and the bucket rod passes out through
a stuffing box screwed into the central vertical nozzle of such fitting, and
carries at its upper end a suitable crosshead or guide, which slides vertically
between the two vertical arms of a syphon air vessel, the lower ends of which

page_text: arms are connected to the two lateral branches of the five-way fitting above
mentioned. The sweep or lever handle for working the pump passes through
a slotted eye or fork cast in one piece with the crosshead on the bucket rod, a
slot in the sweep receiving an antifriction roller or pin carried by the slotted
eye or fork. The spout of the pump is connected with the lateral branch,
which forms the fifth opening of the five-way fitting, and is formed at its
nozzle with an external screw thread, to receive the union of a hose pipe,
which is intended to be used when the pump is required as a force pump. In
this case a cock which is fitted on to the top band of the syphon air vessel is
to be closed, so as to confine the air, but when the pump is used as an ordi-
nary lift pump only, then the cock may be opened to allow the air to escape.
According to another modification it is proposed to so arrange the pump
that it will lift and force water both at the up and down stroke, a piston or
plunger without a valve being then employed, working in a cylinder or barrel
having lateral passages opening into the rising main, and provided with valves
suitably arranged to allow of the proper delivery of the water from the
cylinder. In this arrangement the piston or plunger may be worked by an
eccentric, motion being imparted to the eccentric by a hand wheel, which
may be driven either by hand or power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GAS, AND THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WITH A VIEW TO ITS MORE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT IN WET GAS METERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1861.
I, JOHN REID, of Leith, in the County of Mid-Lothian, North Britain,
Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GAS, AND THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,
WITH A VIEW TO ITS MORE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT IN WET GAS METERS."
This Invention relates to a system or mode of treating gas, so as to prevent
as far as possible its absorbing moisture in passing through gas meters of the
wet class, and to the apparatus to be employed for that purpose. Under one
modification or arrangement suitable for effecting the object in view, the gas
is caused to pass through a vessel, which is divided by partitions, so as to
cause the gas to take a circuitous route in its passage to the meter. If tho
vessel or saturating chamber is of rectangular figure, which would form a
suitable base for a meter, the partitions are arranged longitudinally, so that the
gas passes along one channel and round the partition into the contiguous
channel, and so on throughout the series; the lower part of the partitioned
chamber is covered with water, which is of sufficient depth to avoid the
necessity of frequent replenishing. As the gas passes over the water, it
absorbs moisture, or takes up more or less of the water, according to its
temperature and absorbing power, and its absorption is further facilitated by
placing slips of linen or other textile fabric over the edges of the partitions
and dipping into the water; the fabric draws up the fluid by capillary attraction

page_text: and becomes saturated with water, which is again taken up by the gas in its
passage through the apparatus. The vessel is fitted with suitable inlet and
outlet pipes, the former of which is connected with the service main, and the
latter with the inlet pipe of the meter. The fluctuation of the water level in
gas meters mainly arises from the quantity of water absorbed and carried out
of the measuring chamber of the meter by the gas, in passing through which
variation gives rise to errors in the registration, or it causes the stoppage of
the gas.
Now by this Invention, the gas is saturated with moisture before it enters
the meter, and is thereby prevented from affecting the water line level. The
saturating chamber may be of various forms, and may either be detached
from the meter, or form a part of it. The essential feature of this Invention,
is the treating of the gas so as to cause it to take up moisture, and prevent, as
far as possible, its diminishing the volume of water in the measuring chambers
of tho meter, so as to secure accuracy of registration by preventing or
diminishing the waste of water, otherwise carried off by the gas in its passage
through the meter.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PENS AND WRITING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Leslie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1861.
I, GEORGE LESLIE, of the Mall, Hammersmith, in the County of Middle-
sex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENS AND WRITING INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of pens of hardened caoutchouc,
gutta percha, or gum, known by the names of vulcanite or ebonite. I propose
either to mould them into the proper shape, while the gum is in a plastic
state, and then harden them by the process well known to the manufacturers
of vulcanite or ebonite, or to shape them with files and other tools into the
forms found most suitable for writing after the material has been hardened
and become vulcanite or ebonite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES AND BLINDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1861.
I, JOHN BROWN, of 12, Upper King Street, Norwich, Architect and Sur-
veyor, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDOW FRAMES AND BLINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in window frames and blinds.
For these purposes, in order more advantageously to employ wire gauze or
perforated blinds for the purpose of ventilation, the upper part or arch of the
opening for a window frame is cut away, if already built, in order to receive an
air or perforated block in the form of a keystone; but in new buildings such
arch head is to have a perforated block in stone, brick, or iron, with louvres at
the back of the same introduced in the arch when constructing it. The upper
part of the window frame is enclosed above the top of the upper sash, so that
there is a hollow chamber at the upper part of the window frame into which
air can readily enter from the external air through the perforated block in the
arch. In the interior of the room there are one or more openings or air pas-
into this hollow chamber, which are covered with wire gauze or perforated
metal, by which air may pass from the chamber above the sashes to the room,
or from the room to the outer atmosphere. In order to admit air into the room
when the upper sash is partly down, a sliding frame is used with wire gauze or
perforated metal, which is capable of being slid up into the enclosed chamber
at the top of the window frame, and such frame is guided in its movement up
sages

page_text: and down by means of heads or projections, which enter into grooves at the
ends of the frame; by this means the frame is made to fit with considerable
accuracy, in order to prevent currents of air passing in that direction into the
room. The lower part of this frame is made to fit close to the upper or top
rail of the upper window sash, and the window sashes are made to fit close, so
that no drafts of air may pass between them and the window frame, the object
being to prevent air passing as much as may be except through the wire gauze
or perforated material used, as herein described. At the lower part of the
window frame there is another blind of wire gauze or perforated material,
which, by preference, is made of the same dimensions as the lower window
sash, and it is made capable of being slid up and down on beads or pro-
jections on the inner sash heads, which enter into grooves formed in the
side rails of the blind, and in such manner as to prevent as much as may
be the air passing excepting through the wire gauze or perforated material
of the blind; the bottom rail and top rail of the blind are made so as
to exclude air passing excepting through the gauze or perforated material
when the lower window sash is raised as high as it will go, or when the upper
window sash is down and the blind raised to the upper part of the window
frame.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Tiphagne, and Dominique
Delbosque, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st December 1861.
We, EUGENE TIPHAGNE, of 71, Rue des Marais, Saint Martin, Paris, in
the Empire of France, & DOMINIQUE DELBOSQUE, of Nogent-sur-Marne, in
the same Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ADVERTISEMENTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of giving to advertisements a permanency which has
not hitherto been obtained. To this effect we print or otherwise impress the
said advertisements either on separate and special sheets of paper, or on sheets
already dedicated to some other purpose, such as newspapers, or on any other
thing capable of being kept. Every copy containing one or more advertise-
ments shall be marked with a number, and if duly and timely presented shall
give a claim to premiums to be distributed from time to time, thus affording
an unexceptionable inducement to the keeping of the said copy, and besides
forcing its periodical perusal by the necessity of periodically ascertaining the
number affixed to the said copy.
THE APPLICATION OF A NEW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARDBOARD, AND YARNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Pirson and Augustus De
Keyser at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th October 1861.
We, VICTOR PIRSON and AUGUSTUS DE KEYSER, of the Anonymous Society
of the Belgian Paper Manufactories, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF
A NEW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARDBOARD, AND YARNS," to be
as follows:-
In the manufacture of paper, cardboard, and similar articles we use the
lucern root, or Spanish trefoil, and treat it in the same manner as linen and
cotton rags are operated upon in the manufacture of paper; that is to say,
after being picked and prepared it is subjected to the lye washing, then
opened, put out to bleach, and afterwards placed in the refining mortar. The
paste thus obtained is used in the same way as the ordinary pulp is now used
in the manufacture of paper, either alone or mixed with other substances, such.
as rags and similar articles.
In the manufacture of yarn or thread the lucern root is subjected to the
same preparatory operations as hemp or flax are now used.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF APPLYING BREAKS TO THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Longshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1861.
I, JOHN LONGSHAW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF APPLYING BREAKS TO THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be
as follows:-
My improvement consists in applying breaks to wheels at a point directly
vertical above the axle, or nearly so, in contradistinction to any other portion
or part of the wheel, by which improvement a greater holding or "break"
power may be exerted upon the wheel than hitherto, and by any ordinary
and well known appliances of leverage or screw power without injury to
the axles, bearings, and other parts of the carriage. The pressure and strain
exerted by the break in the improved position being directly vertical from
the break and its applied power to the ground or rail, instead of being exerted
in a horizontal direction, in which latter instance considerable pressure of
the "break power" is injuriously exerted upon the axle at its bearings.
AN IMPROVED THREAD FOR WEAVING AND OTHER USES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1861. A communication from abroad by Charles Lewandoski,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED THREAD FOR WEAVING AND OTHER USES," (communicated to
me from abroad by Charles Lewandoski, of Paris, France,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing a mixed thread composed of
cotton and floss silk or silk waste. The improved thread is characterised by
a brilliancy which cotton thread does not possess, its price is moderate, and its
applications numerous. The thread is composed of a quantity of floss silk,
silk waste, or silk resulting from the unravelling of silk fabrics, to which is
added from 25 to 75 per cent. of cotton, and the whole is carded in order to
obtain the mixed materials in a state proper for spinning. Various means of
producing mixed threads have been proposed, but the object has always been
to produce a core of the inferior material and an exterior of the better
material, the thread having the semblance of being formed entirely of the
superior material. Now, the chief object of the present Invention is the
intimate combination by carding of the two substances without any attempt
at dissimulation, in order to produce an entirely different thread from any

page_text: heretofore produced. The cotton is not hidden, but is blended with the silk;
the thread may be lustred if desired by any of the means followed for the
lustring of threads. For some purposes the cotton may be dyed before being
mixed with the silk, or the silk may be dyed, or both may be dyed of the same
or of different colors according to the effect to be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Belding, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1861.-A communication from abroad by William Sparks Thomson,
residing at New York, in the United States of America.
I, GEORGE WASHINGTON BELDING, of No. 3, Moor Lane, Cripplegate, in
the City of London, Manager of the Business of Messieurs Thomson and
Company, Crinoline Manufacturers, of the same Place, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows :-
My improvements consist in so arranging the sewing machine that it will
hem cloth and sew on an edging at one operation, and I effect those improve-
ments by having a reel of thread or other suitable material above or on the
sewing machine, and the edging is fed through a guide directly over that part
of the cloth which has just passed through the hemmer, so that the needle and
thread secures and sews both the hem and the edging at one operation.
AN IMPROVED SEWER AND SINK TRAP
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Fowler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1861.
I, BENJAMIN FOWLER, the younger, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Iron Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SEWER AND SINK TRAP," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
A sewer trap constructed according to this Invention consists of a square or
other suitably-shaped box, formed of iron, clay, or other suitable material,
having the sides thereof flanging outwards from the bottom upwards, and
having on the upper edge a ledge surrounded with a lip, upon three sides of
which the lid rests when closed. The back ledge is formed a little lower than
the front and side ones, and the back of the sides of the box is hollowed out
to receive the lugs on the under side of the lid, by which it is jointed to the
sides of the box by an horizontal transverse pin (or pins). The bottom of the
box is formed with an oblong, hollow, truncated pyramid, which rises some
distance inside of the box, and is open at the top. The grated cover or lid is
cast with an oblong box in the centre, which, being open on the under side,
surrounds the top of the truncated pyramid escape port when closed, but is
not in contact therewith, the inverted box being sufficiently large to allow the
water to pass up into the inverted box on the under side of the lid, and
escape through the opening on the top of the truncated pyramid into the
sewer, the sediment remaining in the bottom of the box, from which it can be
readily removed.

page_text: In applying this Invention to a sink trap, it is preferred, in most cases, to
form the external box round in place of square, and in some cases to surround
the outlet opening by a truncated conical flange in place of a pyramid, and
form the box on the under side of the lid of a shape to coincide therewith.
The traps herein-before described admit of their being cast with great
facility, being in two pieces only, and the patterns are of such a shape as to
allow them to be readily drawn from the sand when cast in metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS APPLICABLE TO CRINOLINE SKIRTS AND PETTICOATS OF OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Makinson Brierley at the
Office of the Commissiouers of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1861.
I, JAMES MAKINSON BRIERLEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS APPLICABLE TO
CRINOLINE SKIRTS AND PETTICOATS OF OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in combining strips of steel, copper, whalebone,
cane, or other suitable material with any fabric or texture of cloth during the
process of weaving. The strips are wound on a separate beam, and the eyes
of the healds, and also the reed, are adapted to allow them to pass, so that as
the strips move onwards with the warp they are woven into the fabric ac-
cording to any desired pattern. The aforesaid strips may be colored or covered
in any way with silk, wool, cotton, or any material or composition, either for
ornament or to prevent corrosion, and they may also be flat, round, or other
desired shape, and also of any suitable length and strength, and if desirable, for
ornament, the fabric may also be stitched or embroidered. This combination
of strips of steel, copper, whalebone, cane, or other material with the woven
fabric is admirably adapted for crinoline skirts or similar articles and enables
them to be manufactured with great economy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKETS AND PORTABLE WATER CISTERNS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mills Elstob at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1861.
I, CHARLES MILLS ELSTOB, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKETS AND
PORTABLE WATER CISTERNS," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I make buckets and cisterns by weaving them circular or
round in place of using fabrics made or woven in the ordinary manner, and
converting them into buckets or cisterns by seams or joints at one side of each
bucket or cistern. In weaving the buckets and cisterns I employ, by preference,
like yarn to what is now used in the manufacture of woven hose pipes, though
other yarns may be employed; and I either dress or line them or not with a pre-
paration of india-rubber, tar, or other ingredients for preserving the fabric, or.
for rendering it waterproof. The bottom of a bucket or cistern is made either
of strong canvas, wood, tin, galvanized iron, leather, or other suitable material
sewn, rivetted, or otherwise fixed to the circular weaving, and when desired
bound round with a ring of cane, wood, leather, galvanized iron, or other
suitable material. The mouth of each bucket is by preference to be formed
by sewing or fixing the fabric round a ring of cane, wood, galvanized iron,
leather, or other suitable material, or by doubling over the edge of the fabric a
strip or ring of brass or other suitable material. The handles are to be made
of canvas, leather, wood, galvanized iron, or other suitable material, and fixed
in any convenient manner to the upper part of the bucket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL MUSICAL WIND INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Distin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1861.
I, HENRY JOHN DISTIN, of No. 9, Great Newport Street, Leicester Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Musical Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL MUSICAL
WIND INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
I have a knuckle or loop on the tube of the ordinary bugle, distant about
two or three inches from the mouth-piece aperture, and opposite thereto or
nearly so on the other side of such tube I have an additional length of tube
extending round the coil of the tube of the bugle until it reaches the tube about
an inch below the knuckle, and I have a cylinder attached to the ordinary
mouth-piece with wind passages therein so constructed that when it is intended
to produce the sound of a bugle, the wind passages are open through such
cylinder, and the knuckle or loop throughout to the bell, and the communica-
tion or passage to the additional tube is closed; and when it is intended to
produce the sound of a trumpet, such cylinder by being partly turned round
closes the communication or passage through the knuckle and leaves the
lengthened tube open throughout to the bell.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING WOOD INTO SCANTLING OR LATHS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cowper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1861.
I, WILLIAM COWPER, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Timber
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING WOOD INTO SCANTLING OR LATHS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a series of knives or cutters
arranged to act upon a board, and cut or divide it into scantling or laths at
one operation. The wood to be divided is secured upon a moveable table
similar to that of the machine for planing metals, the surface of the table being
provided with narrow grooves in the direction of its length, at such distance
apart as shall be equal to the thickness of the scantling or laths required. The
table is moved forward by suitable geer so as to bring the wood upon it against
and under a series of disc knives or cutters fixed upon a horizontal shaft
which is placed above and across the table, the edges of the disc knives
or cutters just entering the grooves in the table. The shaft carrying
the disc knives or cutters is arranged in suitable bearings so as to be
rotated by suitable geer and so that it can be adjusted in its height above
the table. In place of one shaft two or more shafts with disc knives or
cutters may be used and arranged one in advance of the other, so that the
knives or cutters on one shaft will come between those on the other shafts.

page_text: In place of the grooved moving table a grooved roller (or as many grooved
rollers as there are disc cutter shafts) may be used, placed immediately
under the shaft carrying the disc cutters, the boards to be operated
upon in this case being slided along a fixed table provided with suitable
guides. In place of the grooved table roller or rollers, other shafts carrying
disc knives or cutters may be employed placed immediately below those herein-
before referred unto, so that the cutters upon the lower shaft or shafts will
nearly meet and touch those on the upper shaft or shafts, the wood to be
divided being slided along a fixed table or a series of rollers with suitable
guides, and against and between the disc cutters. The cutters are sharpened
by being rotated against oiled stones or other suitable surfaces.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF WOOD AND OTHER TYPES, OR SUBSTITUTES THEREFOR, OR FURNITURE USED BY LETTER-PRESS PRINTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitfield Harland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1861.
I, JOHN WHITFIELD HARLAND, of Chorlton-on-Medlock, near the City
of Manchester, Artist and Engraver on Wood, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF WOOD AND OTHER TYPES, OR SUBSTITUTES THEREFOR, OR FURNITURE
USED BY LETTER-PRESS PRINTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the material of which the types (or furniture used
by letter-press printers) are to be formed, and also to the process of manufac-
turing the same. I take paper (or the pulp of which paper is made), horn
raspings or shavings, bone dust, wood shavings, or saw dust of the same, or other
substances in a state of comminution. A quantity of one or more of the above
substances being provided, I saturate it with size or fish glue, or other suitable
cement. The material thus prepared is next pressed into a matrix of a form
to give it the shape of the type or furniture required. Mechanical pressure
assisted by heat is next applied, which must be sufficiently great to make the
material take accurately the shape of the matrix. This operation being per-
formed the type or furniture is removed from the matrix, and after being
dried, is, if necessary, reduced to the correct size for being used in the printing
press.