A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE FORMATION OF BLOW HOLES AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE IN METAL OBJECTS PRODUCED BY MELTING AND CASTING, AND GIVING TO SUCH METALS A FIBROUS STRUCTURE WITH GREATER DUCTILITY
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent, for
the Invention of " A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREVENTION OF
THE FORMATION OF BLOW HOLES AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE IN METAL
OBJECTS PRODUCED BY MELTING AND CASTING, AND GIVING TO SUCH METALS
A FIBROUS STRUCTURE WITH GREATER DUCTILITY." A communication from
Theodor Fleitmann, of Iserlohn, Prussia, German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1878.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent.
"A NEW AND
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE FORMATION OF BLOW HOLES AND
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE IN METAL OBJECTS PRODUCED BY MELTING AND CASTING,
AND GIVING TO SUCH METALS A FIBROUS STRUCTURE WITH GREATER DUCTILITY."
A communication from Theodor Fleitmann, of Iserlohn, Prussia, German Empire.
It is known that in the case of many metals great difficulties are met with in
obtaining a fibrous structure on their being melted and cast, but such fibrous
structure must especially be obtained in those cases where it is intended to subject
the object cast to further mechanical treatment.
For this reason it has hitherto been quite impossible to produce by the process of
casting nickel or cobalt objects which could be subjected to a subsequent treatment
of pressure, rolling, hammering, etc.; they have always shewn a crystalline fracture
with blow holes, and have broken on being subjected to mechanical treatment.
The electrolytic process, as also the process of cementation (reduction from

page_text: oxyde), have however shown that nickel metal in itself may be perfectly well
adapted to sustain any mechanical treatment.
Considering the very much greater commercial value which the process of pro-
ducing objects by casting presents as compared with the electrolytic process and
cementation, it becomes of great importance to find a means of producing objects
from nickel by casting, having a fibrous structure free from blow holes.
During 15 years the inventor has made experiments in this direction, and has
finally found the solution of the problem to consist in an addition of magnesium to
the melted nickel metal.
The metal thus produced shews a fibrous structure perfectly free from blow holes,
and, as experiments have proved, allowing of every kind of mechanical treatment.
I do not deem it necessary now to enter into an examination of the chemical
action which here takes place, as to whether the magnesium by its presence causes
the result, or as to whether it destroys injurious admixtures (absorbed gases, &c.).
Further experiments with other metals, such as iron, steel, copper, and their
alloys with nickel, tin, and zinc, have led to the same result. A small addition of
magnesium would also give to these metals considerably greater clasticity and
ductility than that which they possess without the addition of magnesium.
The carrying out of the process is a very simple operation, and substantially
consists in introducing the requisite quantity of magnesium through a small
opening in the cover of the crucible containing the molten metal after it has
been cleared of all dross, and the mixture of the same together by agitation of the
vessel.
It is somewhat difficult to know the proportionately proper temperature for
producing the action; before the introduction of the magnesium the inetal to be
treated must be heated considerably above its melting point, as otherwise it may
happen that after the addition of the magnesium the whole mass will congeal or
be too thick for pouring.
All that I have above set forth as regards nickel applies equally to cobalt, which
is an analogous metal.
This Invention may be summed up as consisting in the use of an addition of mag-
nesium to other metals, especially to nickel, cobalt, iron, steel, copper, and to the
alloys of this latter with nickel, tin, and zinc, for the purpose of producing in the
casting of these metals and metal-alloys objects of greater ductility, of more fibrous
structure, and without blow holes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
June 1879.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 92, Lindenstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "A NEW AND IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE FORMATION OF BLOW HOLES AND CRYSTALLINE
STRUCTURE IN METAL OBJECTS PRODUCED BY MELTING AND CASTING, AND GIVING
TO SUCH METALS A FIBROUS STRUCTURE WITH GREATER DUCTILITY." A communi-
cation from Theodor Fleitmann, of Iserlohn, Prussia, German Empire.
It is known that in the case of many metals great difficulties are met with in
obtaining a fibrous structure on their being melted and cast, but such fibrous
structure must especially be obtained in those cases where it is intended to subject
the object cast to further mechanical treatment.
For this reason it has hitherto been quite impossible to produce by the process of
casting nickel or cobalt objects which could be subjected to a subsequent treat-
ment of pressure, rolling, hammering, &c.; they have always shewn a crystalline
fracture with blow holes, and have broken on being subjected to mechanical
treatment.
The electrolytic process, as also the process of cementation (reduction from
oxyde), have however shown that nickel metal in itself may be perfectly well
adapted to sustain any mechanical treatment.
Considering the very much greater commercial value which the process of pro-
ducing objects by casting presents as compared with the electrolytic process and
cementation it becomes of great importance to find a means of producing objects
from nickel by casting, having a fibrous structure free from blow holes.
During 15 years the inventor has made experiments in this direction, and has
finally found the solution of the problem to consist in an addition of magnesium to
the melted nickel metal.
The metal thus produced shews a fibrous structure perfectly free from blow holes,
and, as experiments have proved, allowing every kind of mechanical treatment.
I do not deem it necessary now to enter into an examination of the chemical
action which here takes place as to whether the magnesium by its presence causes
the result, or as to whether it destroys injurious admixtures (absorbed gases, &c.).
Further experiments with other metals, such as iron, steel, copper, and their
alloys with nickel, tin, and zinc, have led to the same result. A small addition of
magnesium would also give to these metals considerably greater elasticity and
ductility than that which they possess without the addition of magnesium.
The carrying out of the process is a very simple operation, and substantially
consists in introducing the requisite quantity of magnesium through a small opening
in the cover of the crucible containing the molten metal after it has been cleared of
all dross, and the mixture of the same together by agitation of the vessel.
It is somewhat difficult to know the proportionately proper temperature for
producing the action; before the introduction of the magnesium the metal to be
treated must be heated considerably above its melting point, as otherwise it may
happen that after the addition of the magnesium the whole mass will congeal or be
too thick for pouring.
All that I have above set forth as regards nickel applies equally to cobalt, which
is an analogous metal.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention, com-
municated to me as aforesaid, and in what manner the saine is or may be performed,
what
I claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The use of an addition of magnesium to other metals, especially to nickel, cobalt,

page_text: iron, steel, copper, and to the alloys of this latter with nickel, tin, and zinc, for the
purpose of producing in the casting of these metals and metal-alloys objects of
greater ductility, of more fibrous structure, and without blow holes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Carl Glaser, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
F. C. GLASER. (L.S.)