Improvements relating to Pipes and Chambers for Liquids.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 7th June, 1892-Accepted, 30th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Pipes and Chambers for Liquids.
I, FREDERICK HARRISON GLEW, of 156 Clapham Road, in the County of
London, Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements relating to pipes and chambers for
liquids.
The object of this invention is to provide and secure within the pipe or chamber
an elastic compressible core in order that the pressure set up by expansion of the
contents of the pipe or chamber in freezing, or by the sudden stoppage of the
motion of a column of liquid may result in the compression of the said core and
not in the bursting of the pipe or chamber. The said core is so constructed that
after being compressed it will resume its original form when permitted to do so by
the removal of the cause of its compression. The said core is so arranged
within the pipe or chamber that there is a space in or around it for the liquid.
In certain cases where a liquid is periodically received by and discharged
from a pipe or chamber I employ an elastic compressible core secured within
the said pipe or chamber to store energy. For this purpose I arrange that the
liquid in its influx shall compress the said core. The energy thus stored may
be employed, upon the cessation of the said influx to cause the core to expand
so as to discharge liquid from the said pipe or chamber more or less uniformly
during the period elapsing between each successive influx of liquid. The
operation thus performed is analogous to that performed by the air vessel of
a pump.
The initial resistance to deformation offered by the elastic core is regulated by
selection of suitable proportions and material therefor, to suit the conditions under
which it will have to operate.
One form or arrangement of core constructed according to this invention is
composed of a cord or rod of spongy india-rubber, the exterior of which cord or rod
is covered with a coating or with coatings of ordinary india-rubber rendered
impervious to liquid in order that liquid may be prevented from entering the inter-
stices of the spongy india-rubber. Or any or all of the external coating or
coatings of the said cord or rod may consist of any other yielding and waterproof
material.
As a modification of the foregoing I may dispense with the internal cord or rod
of spongy india-rubber and employ an elastic core consisting of elongated water-
tight cells or vessels of india-rubber or other elastic material, the said cells or
vessels being filled with air or gas and being joined together in the process of
manufacture so as to form a continuous series.
Or the said cells or vessels may be made separately or in groups, the separate
cells or vessels or groups of cells or of vessels being afterwards joined or linked
together in any suitable manner.
Where it is necessary to prevent the elastic core from elongating by reason of
its own weight or by other cause or where it is necessary to secure the core in the
pipe or chamber to prevent it from being moved either by the flow of liquid or
otherwise, I enclose within the said core a chain or wire of suitable metal, the
said chain or wire being provided with prominences thereupon which will hold
the core at points at intervals along its length the said prominences preventing
the core from elongating. The ends or other portions of the said chain or wire
are brought to the exterior of the core so that they may be attached to the walls
of the pipe or chamber by any suitable means to prevent movement of the core,

page_text: Or, for the same purposes, I provide a wire or chain external to the core and
connected at intervals thereto; or I provide upon the inside of the pipe or chamber
within which the core is contained, projections which, engage with and retain the
said core in position..
When the nature or the pressure of the liquid contained in a pipe or chamber
renders impracticable the employment of cores or vessels constructed of india-
rubber I secure within the said pipe or chamber by any suitable means, a hollow
closed vessel of steel or other suitable elastic metal or material, which may or may
not be filled with air or gas under pressure. The form and arrangement of the
walls of the said vessel is such as to permit it to deform when an excess of pressure
is brought to bear upon it, and the natural elasticity of the material or of the
contents of the said vessel will cause it to resume its original shape upon removal
of the excessive pressure.
Dated this 7th day of September 1891.
FREDERICK HARRISON GLEW.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Pipes and Chambers for Liquids.
I, FREDERICK HARRISON GLEW of 156 Clapham Road County of Surrey
Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements relating to pipes and chambers for
Liquids, the object being to provide and secure within the pipe or chamber a certain
elastic compressible core, in order that the pressure set up by expansion of the
contents of the pipe, in freezing, or by sudden stoppage of the motion of a column
of liquid, may result in compression of the said core and not in the bursting of the
pipe.
The said core is so constructed that after being compressed it will resume its
.original form when permitted to do so by removal of the cause of its compression.
In certain cases where a liquid is periodically received by and discharged from
a pipe or chamber, I employ an elastic compressible core secured within the said
pipe or chamber to store energy.
ני
For this purpose I arrange that the liquid in its influx shall compress the said
core -the
energy thus stored may be employed, upon cessation of the said influx,
to cause the core to expand so as to discharge liquid from the said pipe or chamber
more or less uniformly during the period elapsing between each successive influx
of liquid.
The operation thus performed is analogous to that performed by the air vessel
of a pump, but by my method the liquid does not come into actual contact with
any air, which therefore cannot become dissolved in the liquid & thereby
diminished, for in cases in which I make use of the elasticity of gases the said gas
or gases are perfectly enclosed in the compressible core.
The initial resistance of the elastic core to deformation is regulated by selection
of suitable proportions and materials therefor, to suit the conditions under which it
will have to operate.
One form or arrangement of core constructed according to this invention is
composed of elongated, hollow, closed cells or vessels, of thin sheet metal such as
delta metal, steel, copper, pewter or other flexible airtight and waterproof
material.
The form of these cells or vessels may be of any shape which is a deviation from
a true circle, in cross section, and I prefer to have the cross section more or less

page_text: lenticular or oval so that the core is assisted to deform itself in certain direction.
only the hollow portion of these cells I fill with gas or gases such as air, under-
pressure, the pressure being adjusted to suit the conditions under which the cells.
or vessels will be required to work; for instance if it is required to protect a water
pipe from bursting during frost, the air space in the core must at the commence-
ment of freezing of the water have a volume more than equal to the expansion
which will take place, and as this expansion is about one eleventh of the volume of
the water, the core must be collapsible to the extent of one eleventh of the volume
of water which is to be protected, and in practice I prefer to allow a collapsible
space equal to about one sixth part of the volume of water to be protected, that is.
when I employ gas as the elastic cushion.
Of course a certain amount of compression will result from the working pressure.
or head of water, and this must always be allowed for, either by using a core of
larger volume, or by increasing the pressure of gas within the core to correspond
to the ordinary working pressure.
These cells or vessels may be of any convenient length, and in one or more
pieces, by stamping out the material and brazing or soldering together, or by rolled
tubes worked to the required shape. I prefer to make these elongated cells
tapering somewhat to a point at each end, and the said cells or vessels may be
made separately, or in groups of cells or of vessels, being afterwards joined or
linked together to form a continuous series in any suitable manner.
In some cases it is advantageous to make the protecting cells or vessels of metal
or other material, sufficiently strong and elastic and yet flexible, so much so that
after compression it can return by dilation to its full form and dimensions without
filling the same with enclosed gas to assist in doing this work.
In all cases the exterior of such cores may be covered with any yielding
preservative coating of such material as will resist the corrosive action of the
particular liquid in which the core is to operate.
Where it is necessary to prevent the core from elongating by reason of its own
weight, or by other cause, or where it is necessary to secure the core in the pipe or
chamber to prevent it from being moved, either by the flow of liquid or otherwise-
I enclose within the said core a chain, wire, or tube of metal placed in the direction
of the length of the core, and where this said chain, wire, or tube protrudes
beyond the end of the cells I fix prominences thereupon, which will hold the core,
at points, at intervals along its length, the said prominences being prolonged to
meet the walls of the pipe, with which they engage, thus keeping the core in
position.
In order that my invention may be easily understood & readily carried into
practice I now proceed to further describe my said invention with reference to the
drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 is a cross section of a pipe containing a distended core in position.
Fig. 2 is a cross section of a pipe with core in position but being compressed by
pressure of the liquid in the pipe.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a pipe containing a distended core in position.
Figs. 4 & 5 show other advantageous forms of the core, alone, in cross section.
A represents the cell wall of the protecting core. B represents the cavity which
may or may not contain gas under pressure. C represents the central wire or tube
used for strength and convenience of attachment. D represents prolongations of
he wire or tube for purposes of attachment to the pipe. H represents the pipe to
be protected. F. represents a small side tube passing through the cell wall A, to
facilitate the inflation of the cell by pumping in air during process of manufacture,
fter which this small tube is closed by soldering or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
ion and in what manner the same is to be performed I do declare that what I
laim is,
1st. The use of elongated, hollow closed collensible calle - wassale of mental
41

page_text: other suitable material, the said cells or vessels to contain gas or gases under
pressure, the whole forming a protecting hollow vessel for inserting within pipes
and chambers for liquids, to protect the said pipes or chambers from the destructive
effect of sudden or excessive pressure and to store energy, substantially as described
and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth,
2nd. The use of elongated, hollow, closed, collapsible cells or vessels, composed of
elastic metal, more or less lenticular or oval in cross section, the hollow portion
being exhausted of air, the whole forming a protecting hollow vessel for inserting
within pipes and chambers for liquids to protect the said pipes or chambers from
the destructive effect of sudden or excessive pressure, and to store energy, sub-
stantially as described and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
Tune 6th 1892.
FREDERICK HARRISON GLEW.