Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement and in Apparatus for use in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 21st Nov., 1890-Accepted, 27th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement and in Apparatus for
use in the said Manufacture.
I WILLIAM JOY of Snodland in the County of Kent, Cement Burner, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My improvements in the manufacture of cement consist in passing steam into
cement kilns while the charge therein is burning. In some cases I cause the steam
to pass through coke ovens or other incandescent coke in other apparatus before
entering the kiln.
My improvements in apparatus for use in the manufacture of cement consist first
of arrangements admitting of the generation of steam for the purpose herein before
described by means of the heat evolved by the burning charge in the kiln. The said
arrangements consist of pipes or other suitable apparatus arranged around the kiln or
in other convenient positions relatively to the kiln for receiving heat therefrom, and
of means for supplying water to the said pipes or apparatus for conversion into steam
the steam outlet or outlets of which pipes or apparatus are in such positions that the
steam passes therefrom into the kiln as required. To provide for the vaporization of
water in the said pipes or apparatus at times when the available waste heat from the
kiln is not sufficient for the purpose 1 prefer to arrange for the heating of the water
in the said pipes or apparatus by means of a furnace.
My improvements in apparatus for use in the manufacture of cement consist
further of the arrangements hereinafter described for the purpose of drying slurry by
means of the waste heat from cenient kilns.
According to this part of my invention I form two chambers one above the other
adjacent to the kiln the surfaces of the floors of both the said chambers and that of
the roof of the upper one being adapted to receive the slurry to be dried. And I make
suitable provision for the charging of the floors with slurry to be dried and for the
removal of the slurry when dried And I divide each of the said chambers by means
of longitudinal partitions into two or more compartments and form passages or means
of communication between one of the said chambers and the kiln and between the
other of the said chambers and the chimney shaft and between the said two chambers
and between certain of the compartments of the said chambers. And I provide
the said passages or some of them with dampers or shutters or I otherwise
provide for closing or obstructing the said passages or certain of them when
necessary.
I form the said passages in such positions that by opening all the shutters or
by opening certain of them and closing others the gases from the kiln may be caused
to pass therefrom either into and through all the compartments of the said chambers
to the chimney shaft or into and through certain of the said compartments only and
thence to the chimney shaft. In some cases I form flues beneath the floor of the
lower chamber and arrange for the passage through the said flues of the gases from
the kiln on their way to the chimney shaft.
Above the roof of the upper chamber (the surface of which roof constitutes the
uppermost drying floor) I erect a light roof of iron or other suitable material for
protecting the slurry from rain.
Dated the 22nd day of February 1890.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement and in Apparatus for
use in the said Manufacture.
I WILLIAM JOY of Snodland in the County of Kent Cement Burner do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My improvements in the manufacture of cement consist in passing steam into
cement kilns while the charge therein is burning. The steam may be generated in
any suitable apparatus such as ordinary steam boilers and conveyed to the kilns by
means of pipes opening beneath the fire bars.
In some cases I cause the steam from the boilers or other steam generators to pass
through coke ovens or over incandescent coke or coal in other apparatus before
entering the kiln. For this purpose I connect the boiler or other steam generator
with the coke oven or other apparatus containing incandescent coke or coal by means
of a pipe or pipes and I connect the coke oven or other apparatus with the kiln by
means of a pipe or pipes opening beneath the fire bars thereof.
A retort or any vessel or chamber in which coke or coal may be brought to an
incandescent state is suitable for the purpose hereinbefore described in lieu of a coke
oven.
My improvements in apparatus for use in the manufacture of cement consist first of
arrangements admitting of the generation of steam for the purpose hereinbefore
described by means of the heat evolved by the burning charge in the kiln. The said
arrangements consist of pipes or other suitable apparatus arranged around the kiln or
in other convenient positions relatively to the kiln for receiving heat therefrom and of
means for supplying water to the said pipes or apparatus for conversion into steam
the steam outlet or outlets of which pipes or apparatus are in such positions that the
steam passes therefrom into the kiln as required.
Where the steum is to be generated in pipes around the kiln by the heat evolved
from the burning charge therein the said pipes may be arranged in the walls of the
kiln essentially as described and illustrated in the Specification of my Patent No. 31
of 1886 and the means for supplying water to the said pipes may consist of a tank
containing water and situated above the said pipes and provided with a tip or taps by
means of which tap or taps the water contained in the tank may be permitted to pass
out at any required rate into a trough connected to the upper ends of the pipes around
the kiln. Or the upper ends of the said pipes may be turned upward and arranged in
such positions that the water issuing from the said taps will pass directly into the said
pipes.
In using apparatus thus arranged the flow of water from the tank is so regulated
by means of the taps that the rate at which the water enters the pipes around the kiln
is such as will admit of complete vaporization of the said water within the said
pipes.
In cases where it is not desirable to arrange pipes in the walls of the kiln pipes or
other apparatus in which the water is to be vaporized may be arranged in flues through
which the hot gases pass from the kiln or they may be arranged elsewhere provided
their position be such that the water contained in or passing through them will be
exposed to sufficient heat from the burning charge in the kiln to ensure sufficiently
rapid vaporization of the said water by the said heat.
To provide for the supply of steam to the kilns at times when the available waste
beat therefrom is not sufficient for the purpose of generating steam in the said pipes
or apparatus as rapidly as required I prefer to connect the said pipes or apparatus to
a steam boiler or other steam generator heated by means of a furnace.
My improvements in apparatus for use in the manufacture of cement consist further
of the arrangements hereinafter described for the purpose of drying slurry by means
of the waste heat from cement kilns, the said arrangements being especially designed

page_text: to admit of the drying of slurry and the removal of the slurry when dried while the
kiln is in action.
According to this part of my invention I form two chambers one above the other
adjacent to the kiln the surfaces of the floors of both the said chambers and that of the
roof of the upper one being adapted to receive the slurry to be dried. And I make
suitable provision for the charging of the floors with slurry to be dried and for the
removal of the slurry when dried. And I divide each of the said chambers by means
of longitudinal partitions into compartments and form passages or means of communi-
cation between one of the said chambers and the kiln and between the other of the
said chambers and the chimney shaft and between the said two chambers or between
certain of the compartments of the said chambers. And I provide the said passages
or some of them with dampers or shutters or I otherwise provide for closing or
obstructing the said passages or certain of them when necessary.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing is a vertical section of a portion of a
cement kiln provided with drying chambers arranged as hereinbefore described.
Figure 2 of the said drawing is a horizontal section of the same and
Figure 3 is a transverse section of the drying chambers alone the section Figure 1
being taken on the line A A Figure 2 the section Figure 2 on the line B B Figure 1
and the section Figure 3 on the line CC Figure 1 looking towards the right hand end
of the said figure.
In the following description the said drawing is referred to by the letters marked
thereon. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures
of the drawing.
a is the kiln at the back of which are the drying chambers which are divided into
compartments by means of longitudinal partitions bcdefg the several compartments
of the upper chamber being marked hijk and those of the lower chamber l m n o.
p is the flue leading from the lower chamber to the chimney. The several compart-
ments of the upper chamber communicate with the kiln at the end nearest thereto and
are provided at the said end with dampers or shutters qrst. The compartments h
and i of the upper chamber communicate by means of an aperture u in the floor of
the compartment h with the compartment of the lower chamber and the compart-
ments jk of the upper chamber communicate by means of an aperture v in the floor
of the compartment k with the compartment o of the lower chamber. The compart-
ments and m communicate with each other at the end nearest the kiln by means of
an opening w (see Figure 1) in the partition e at the kiln end and the compartments n
and o communicate with each other at the end nearest the kiln by means of a similar
opening in the partition 9 which opening is not shown in the drawing. The
compartments m and n also communicate at the end farthest from the kiln with the
flue p leading to the chimney shaft.
The roof of the upper chamber consists of plates of iron (see Figure 3)
supported at their ends by the outer walls of the said chamber and the partitions b c d
and the roof of the lower chamber (which also constitutes the floor of the upper
chamber) consists of plates of iron y y supported at their ends by the outer walls of
the said chamber and the partitions ef g. The said plates of iron are of such width
as to admit of convenient removal thereof when necessary as hereinafter described and
are of sufficient thickness to retain their form when covered with slurry and exposed
to the heat passing from the kiln. Where the width of the compartments of the
drying chambers is not more than four feet the said plates xyy may be about two
feet wide and half an inch in thickness.
For the purpose of protecting the slurry on the roof of the upper chamber (which
constitutes the uppermost drying floor) from rain I erect above it a light roof of iron
or other suitable material which roof is not shown in the drawing.
.
The method of using the arrangement herein before described and its action are as
follows:-
The slurry to be dried is spread on the floors of the upper and lower chambers and
on the roof of the upper chamber. The two dampers on one or other side of the
partition c of the upper chamber) namely the dampers 9 and r or s and t) are then

page_text: raised whereby the gases from the kiln are admitted to the compartments h and i or to
the compartments j and k of the upper chamber according to which dampers have been
raised. Assuming that the dampers q have been raised the gases from the kiln
enter the two compartments hi of the upper chamber and pass along them to their
farther ends and thence through the aperture u in the floor of the compartment to
the compartment of the lower chamber and travel along the said compartment to the
kiln end thereof and then pass through the aperture w in the partition to the
compartment m and travel along that compartment to the end farthest from the kiln
and pass out into the flue p to the chimney. The course of the gases as described is
indicated on the accompanying drawing by the arrows. When the slurry in the
compartments hilm has been dried by the hot gases passing through them the
dampers 8 and are raised and the dampers q and rare lowered whereby the gases from
the kiln are admitted to the compartments j k no and shut off from the compart-
ments h i l m. The said gases now pass through the said compartments j k no as
hereinbefore described with reference to the compartments him that is to say the
said gases enter the compartments j k at the kiln end and travel along them to the
end farthest from the kiln then descend through the aperture in the floor of
the compartiment to the compartment o and pass along the said compartment to the
kiln end then through the aperture herein before referred to in the partition 9 into and
through the compartment n to the flue p and thence to the chimney. While the slurry
in the said compartments j k no is being dried by the gases passing through them the
dry slurry on the floor of the compartments hi I'm and on the plates xx forming the
roof of the compartments hi may be removed and the said floor and roof recharged
with wet slurry ready to be dried by the gases from the kiln which may be admitted
to the said compartments h i l m by raising the dampers q r when the slurry in the
compartments kno has been dried.
In this way a succession of batches of slurry may be conveniently dried in the two
halves of the drying chambers alternately during the burning of one charge in the
kiln.
In order to obtain access to the upper chamber for the purpose of removing the
dried slurry therefrom the plates or some of them are lifted off. To provide for
access to the lower chamber a door or doors are or may be formed in the walls thereof
at any convenient part.
Where it is not required to use the floor of the lower chamber as a drying floor I
make the said chamber of less height. In this case the compartments of the said
chamber constitute merely flues through which the gases from the kiln pass as
herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
.
It will be observed that in the construction of drying chambers illustrated in the
accompanying drawing and herein before described the upper chamber is completely
divided into two halves by the longitudinal partition ; and the lower chamber is
similarly divided by the partition f the halves of the said chambers so divided
constituting virtually separate chambers. Therefore it will be understood that two
pairs of chambers (each pair consisting of an upper and a lower chamber) built apart
will be equivalent to the arrangement hereinbefore described provided the said
chambers be furnished with means for permitting or causing the gases from the kiln
to pass to and through each of such pairs of chambers substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to each half of the pair of chambers illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First The improvements hereinbefore described in the manufacture of cement
that is to say the passing of steam into cement kilns while the charge therein is
burning whether or not the steam be passed over or brought into contact with incan-
descent coke or coal before passing into the kiln and whether or not the steam be
generated by the waste heat from the kiln.

page_text: Secondly-Duplicate arrangements for drying slurry by the hot gases evolved by
the burning charge in a cement kiln the said duplicate arrangements being capable of
use independently of each other and each consisting essentially of a chamber or
portion of a chamber provided with a drying floor and means for causing the hot gases
from the kiln to pass over the said floor and afterwards under the said floor first in
one direction and then in the reverse direction substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 21st day of November 1890.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.