Improvements in Anti-friction Bearings for Shafts and Axles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Anti-friction Bearings for Shafts and Axles.
We, WILLIAM BAINES, Gentleman, and WILLIAM NORRIS, M.I.M.E. Engineer,
both of 5 and 6 Great Winchester Street, London, E.C., do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to an improved arrangement of anti friction bearings for
use in carrying axles of vehicles, for supporting shafts, and for other like purposes,
the object of our invention being to produce an economically constructed bearing.
and axle box which will be readily manufactured and conveniently attached to
existing vehicles or mounted upon existing brackets or hangers for shafting and
the like.
In carrying our invention into effect when constructing an anti-friction axle box
suitable for carrying an axle such as may be mounted upon a common road car
or vehicle, we form in the boss of the wheel or in the box for carrying the axle a
plain cylindrical bearing into which we place a number of rollers of a size such
that the diameter of the shaft or axle together with two of the rollers will fit or
make up the diameter of the bore of the boss or box. We mount the rollers in a
cage which we place within the bore of the box or boss and we form the grids
which separate the rollers from each other with web pieces narrower than the
space between the rollers so that the rollers will not come into contact with the
cage webs throughout their length. We cause the rollers to be kept in position
by means of balls or spheres which we mount at the ends of each of the grids, the
balls being of a diameter such that when placed in position there is no looseness
in the bearing between the rollers.
We form beds or holes in the end of the grid ribs to carry the distance balls
and we place keeps or guards at the end of the grids to keep the whole in position
when so desired or we form the grids with a cage-like ring which enables the
spheres to be kept in their beds without the addition of any loose part.
By this arrangement of a combination roller and ball or spherical bearing w
are enabled to minimise the friction upon the rollers and to adjust the bearings
by means of the balls carried in our grids or cages.
We sometimes make our rollers hollow or from ordinary hardened tube cut off
into desired lengths for being mounted in the cage, and we arrange upon the
end of the axle box or boss suitable dust shields and adjusting plates with their
bolts cottars and attachments for ensuring that everything shall be kept up
to its true working position.
We lubricate the bearing by means of a hole or holes in the box or boss having
an ordinary stopper or pin enclosing the same, or we may form a cavity in the
frame-work casing boss or cover of the bearing into which we introduce fibrous
material or a pad or form a reservoir for carrying the lubricant.
When constructing the axle box when the strain is known always to be in the
upward direction we sometimes dispense with the rollers and combination balls
for the underpart of the bearing and form a keep or cover which will keep the
axle pressing upwards against the rollers which carry the whole of the friction.

page_text: We provide any ordinary form of casing or any ordinary type of keep, for
securing the box and its parts together; and, we may divide the box so that the
two parts or segments can be bolted together to form a bearing where it is desired
to have the means of placing such bearing or boss or box in position without
disturbing the axle or shaft which is to be carried therein.
We may recess our rollers so that they bear only at the ends upon the shaft
and we may when so desired form grooves in our axle, with receptacle for carrying
balls or other guards to keep the axle in position within the box.
We do not limit the application of our invention to any particular purpose for
which the axle box, boss or hearing is to be applied neither do we limit the
combination of roller and balls to any special form of bearing or to any particular
type of axle box which is to be constructed but we modify the arrangement of
our grid or cage and the form of our keeps and the arrangement of the rollers
and spheres to suit the purposes for which the bearing is intended, or to suit the
vehicle to which the axle box is to be applied.
Dated this 16th day of October 1896
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
Improvements in Anti-friction Bearings for Shafts and Axles.
We, WILLIAM BAINES, Gentleman, and WILLIAM NORRIS, M.I.M.E. Engineer,
both of 5 and 6 Great Winchester Street, London, E.C. do, hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to an improved arrangement of anti-friction bearings for
use in carrying axles of vehicles, for supporting shafts, and for other like purposes,
the object of our invention being to produce an economically constructed bearing
and axle box which will be readily manufactured and conveniently attached to
existing vehicles or mounted upon existing brackets or hangers for shafting and
the like.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention and Figures 1 and 2 thereof
are respectively sectional side elevations and cross sectional elevation of an anti-
friction bearing made in accordance therewith while Figures 3 and 4 are respect-
ively sectional side elevation and cross section in detail of the cage employed.
In carrying our invention into effect as illustrated in the accompanying draw-
ings when constructing an anti-friction axle box suitable for carrying an axle
such as may be mounted upon a common road car or vehicle, we form in the
boss of the wheel or in the box A for carrying the axle a plain cylindrical bearing
into which we place a number of rollers B of a size such that the diameter of
the shaft or axle C together with two of the rollers B will fit or make up the
diameter of the bore of the boss or box, A. We mount the rollers B in a cage D
which we place within the bore of the box or boss A and we form the grids D'
which separate the rollers B from each other with web pieces narrower than the
space between the rollers so that the rollers will not come into contact with the
cage webs D throughout their length. We cause the rollers B to be kept in
position by means of balls or spheres E which we mount at the ends of each of
the grids 1 the balls being of a diameter such that when placed in position there
is no looseness in the bearing between the rollers B.
We form beds or holes in the end of the grids D¹ to carry the distance balls E

page_text: and we place keeps or guards at the end of the grids D¹ to keep the whole in
position when so desired or we form the grids with a cage like ring D which
enables the spheres to be kept in their beds without the addition of any loose part.
By this arrangement of a combination roller and ball or spherical bearing we
are enabled to minimise the friction upon the rollers and to adjust the bearings by
means of the balls carried in our grids or cages.
We sometimes make our rollers hollow or from ordinary hardened tube cut off
into desired lengths for being mounted in the cage, and we arrange upon the
end of the axle box or boss suitable dust shields and adjusting plates FF with
their bolts, cottars and attachments for ensuring that everything shall be kept up
to its true working position.
We lubricate the bearing by means of a hole or holes G in the box or boss
having an ordinary stopper or pin enclosing the same, or we may form a cavity in
the frame-work casing boss or cover of the bearing into which we introduce fibrous
material or a pad or form a reservoir for carrying the lubricant.
We provide any ordinary form of casing or any ordinary type of keep, for
securing the box and its parts together, and we may divide the box so that the two
parts or segments can be bolted together to form a bearing where it is desired to
have the means of placing such bearing or boss or box in position without disturb-
ing the axle or shaft which is to be carried therein.
We may recess our rollers so that they bear only at the ends upon the shaft and
we may when so desired form grooves in our axle, with receptacle for carrying
balls or other guards to keep the axle in position within the box.
We do not limit the application of our invention to any particular purpose for
which the axle box, boss or bearing is to be applied neither do we limit the com-
bination of roller and balls to any special form of bearing or to any particular
type of axle box which is to be constructed, but we modify the arrangement of
our grid or cage and the form of our keeps and the arrangement of the rollers and
spheres to suit the purpose for which the bearing is intended, or to suit the vehicle
to which the axle box is to be applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
1. An anti-friction bearing for shafts and axles consisting of a cage surround-
ing the shaft or axle having axial grids or web pieces which carry balls preferably
at each extremity of the grids or web pieces, rollers being arranged axially and
intermediate of the grids or web pieces and in rolling contact with the balls
carried therein, the periphery of the shaft or axle, and the internal periphery of
the bearing, substantially as described.
2. Improvements in anti-friction bearings for shafts and axles, substantially as
und for the purpose hereinbefore described, and also as illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
11 1
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.