Improvements in Incubators.
Year: 1897

page_text: I, HERBERT BEEBY MALTBY, of 21 Broad Street, Loughborough, in the County
of Leicester, Tailor and Outfitter, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in incubators by which I effectually
prevent all smoke from entering the hatching chamber and obtain a better venti-
lation and also a more uniform temperature and the eggs during the term of
incubation are always supplied with the necessary moisture without any attention.
In carrying my invention into practice I form my incubator so that the heat,
which may be obtained from a gas jet or an oil lamp passes up a tube, over the
hatching chamber, extending down the opposite side and is separated by glass or
copper as preferred which effectually prevents any smoke or fumes from entering
this chamber, I also provide a separate regulation chamber for regulating the heat
in which I place the usual thermometer and at the bottom of the incubator I form a
slide which can be drawn back in warm weather so as to obtain a better ventilation.
I obtain the necessary moisture by placing a small tank in the interior of the
incubator with a cavity under the glass or copper division by which means the
moisture passes onto the eggs. This tank is filled with water by means of a pipe
which passes from the tank to the exterior of the incubator by which means I can
dispense with the usual troublesome moisture trays and it requires no attention
during the period of incubation.
Doted this 28th day of Tanu 1807
GEORGE BARKER,
77 Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Incubators.
I, HERBERT BEEBY MALTBY, of 21 Broad Street, Loughborough, in the County
of Leicester, Tailor and Outfitter, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
My invention has for its object Improvements in incubators by which I effectually
prevent all smoke from entering the hatching chamber and obtain a better venti-
lation and also a more uniform temperature, and the eggs during the term of
incubation are always supplied with necessary moisture without any attention.
In carrying my invention into practice I form my incubator so that the heat

page_text: which may be obtained from a gas jet or an oil lamp passes up a tube, over the
hatching chamber and is separated by glass or copper as preferred which effectually
prevents any smoke or fumes from entering this chamber. I also provide a separate
regulation chamber for regulating the heat in which I place the usual thermometer
and at the bottom of the incubator I form a slide which can be drawn back in warm
weather so as to obtain a better ventilation. I obtain the necessary moisture by
placing a small tank in the interior of the incubator, with a cavity under the
glass or copper division by which means the moisture passes onto the eggs. This
tank is filled with water by means of a pipe which passes from the tank to the
exterior of the incubator by which means I can dispense with the usual troublesome
moisture trays and it requires no attention during the period of incubation.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood and easily carried
into practical effect I have appended hereunto two double sized sheets of drawings
upon which I have illustrated examples of my incubator.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of my incubator fixed upon the stand A¹.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the incubator without the stand and the front
of the box or case removed.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of Figure 2 taken on the line ay without the
front removed.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan view of Figure 2 taken on the line a-b without the
front removed.
Figure 5 is an inverted plan view of Figure 2 without the front removed.
Figure 6 is a front elevation shewing the doors a³ and a³ open.
Figure 7 is a right hand end elevation of Figure 6 with the doors closed.
Figure 8 is a cross sectional elevation of Figure 6 taken on the line o-o.
Figure 9 is an enlarged end elevation of the tank T.
Figure 10 is a cross sectional front elevation of the tank taken on the line p-p
of Figure 9.
In carrying my invention into practice I form the exterior of my incubator from
the case or box A which I mount upon the framework or supports A¹ and in this
box I form the compartments B, D and E. The compartment B is provided for
containing the eggs during the process of incubation the floor on which the eggs
rest is formed out of the sheet of perforated zinc b¹. The compartment D which is
situated underneath the compartment B is provided for the chickens when they
are hatched and the compartment E is provided for the regulator F for regulating
the heat and this compartment E is separated from the egg chamber by the per-
forated zinc partition e¹ so that the regulator cannot be affected by the chickens
treading upon it at hatching time which is very essential so as to maintain the
proper working of the incubator. This regulator may be of any well known kind
which when the heat becomes too great causes the rod f¹ to rise which lifts the
cap off the top of the tube or flue 12 thus allowing the heat to pass out. The
necessary heat is obtained from the lamp L or a gas jet may be used. This lamp L
rests upon the platform which is fixed to the supports A¹. The heat from this
lamp passes up the tube or flue 12 and out at the opening 3 and over the top of
the hatching chamber. The fumes or smoke which pass up the partition 15 and out
at the opening f* in the can få as shewn at Fig. 11 are prevented from entering
this chamber by the copper partition 62. The tube or chimney 12 passes through
the watertank T so that the water circulates freely round it and is heated thereby
as shewn at Figure 10. This tank is placed at the side in the interior of the case A
and is separated from the chamber B and D by the partitions t¹ and h³. The top
of the tank which projects outwards at the part 12 fits into the recess or opening
communicating with the chamber B and in this projection I form the opening 13
which is regulated by the slide t. The steam from the heated water in the tank
passes through this opening into the egg chamber and impinges against the copper
partition thus supplying the eggs with the requisite moisture.
The tank is sup-
plied with water through the pipe t5 which communicates with the tank from the
exterior of the case or box and this pipe is covered with the cap 16. The tap or

page_text: cock is provided for emptying the tank when required. By this arrangement
I can dispense with the usual troublesome moisture trays usually used in other
incubators and my tank requires no attention during the period of incubation.
The necessary ventilation is supplied from the underside of the box or case by
the two side vent shafts H and H' which are formed between the partitions t¹ and h³
dividing the tank and the chambers B and D as shewn at Figure 4 and these air
shafts communicate with the chamber B the air also passing through the perforated
partition into the lower chamber D. During mild or summer weather double the
amount of fresh air may be obtained by drawing back the slide h which is arranged
on the underside of the case as clearly shewn at Figure 8 thus allowing the air
to pass up the central air shaft H2. Ventilating shafts h5 and ho are also provided
at the other end on the underside of the case which communicate with the chamber E
through the openings h7 and 18 and the air passes from the chamber D through the
opening formed at the bottom of the partition J up the central air shaft j¹ and
out at the opening which is provided with a regulator as shewn at Figure 7 by
which means a perfect system of ventilation is maintained.
The doors a² and a³ are provided so as to obtain access into the compartments BD
and E. The door a2 which communicates with the compartments B and E is
provided with the windows a and a³ and shutter may be used for excluding the
light from the compartment B when required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First: The improvements in incubators consisting essentially of the box or
case A having the chambers B, D and E and the tank T situated at the side of
the chambers B and D with the flue or tube passing through the said tank and
communicating with the space or chamber situated above the chambers B and E
in the manner and for the purpose substantially as hereinbefore described and as
shewn upon the accompanying sheets of drawings.
Second-In an incubator providing a tank such as T at the side of the cham-
bers B and D having a flue or tube passing through the tank arranged so that the
fumes from the heating medium pass over the top of the chamber B and are pre-
vented from entering the said chamber in the manner substantially as herein set
forth and as shewn.
Third: In an incubator forming a tank such as T communicating with the
chamber B either with or without a regulator for supplying the eggs with the
necessary moisture in the manner substantially as herein set forth and as shewn.
Fourth In an incubator forming a separate chamber such as E for containing a
regulator in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein set forth and
as shewn.
Fifth-In an incubator forming the air shafts such as H and H¹ and a central
air shaft such as H2 provided with a regulator such as h in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein set forth and as shewn.
Dated this 28th day of October 1897
GEORGE BARKER,
Agent for Applicant, 77 Colmore Row, Birmingham.
GEORGE BARKER,
Agent for Applicant, 77 Colmore Row, Birmingham.