IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES, CHIMNEYS, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE A CHANGE OF AIR IS REQUIRED
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HENRY TUCK, of Paris, in the Kingdom of France, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixteenth day of March, in the tenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Henry Tuck, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, my execu
tors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark and Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
VENTILATING BUILDINGS, CARRIAGES, CHIMNEYS, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE A
CHANGE OF AIR IS REQUIRED;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Henry Tuck, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say) :-
-
This Invention consists in the adaptation to chimney pots, or the orifices or
outlets of other tubular channels which are intended to lead off smoke,
vapours, or heated air, of curved or inclined passages for conducting currents
of air or wind over or through such orifices or outlets, in order to cause a
partial vacuum within the chimney or other tubular channel, whereby the
smoke or vapour will be rapidly drawn off and discharged. The main object
of the Invention is to create an exit current in such situations as may require
ventilation, and prevent such a downward or inward current of atmospheric air
as would impede the draft.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 represents in elevation the improved
apparatus placed over the cylindrical top a of a chimney; b, b, is a hood
formed as the frustrum of a cone, and provided with curved plates or parti-
tions c, c, c, within which form curved passages between the hood and the
cylindrical chimney top, as shewn by the dots and arrows. The wind striking
against the sides of the chimney top and its hood will pass up the open
curved passages in the apparatus, as shewn by the arrows, and escape out at
the open top of the conical hood above the top of the chimney, and in so
doing will create a partial vacuum in the cylindrical chimney top a, and
thereby greatly promote the draft and discharge of the smoke or vapour. As an
additional shield or guard to prevent the downright pressure of wind into the
chimney, and to promote the free passage of the smoke or vapor, I attach
to the top of the conical hood 6 an apparatus shewn at Figure 2, consisting
of a rim or ring d, from which a series of curved strips of metal i, i, i, rise in
a spiral form. This apparatus constitutes a spiral skeleton, by the inclined
planes of which any downward pressure of air or wind will be thrown off and
prevented from entering the chimney, whilst the smoke drawn up from the
chimney into the interior of the spiral by the first-described apparatus, will be
enabled to escape freely through the lateral spiral apertures of the skeleton
shield or guard.
Figure 3 shews another form of skeleton shield or guard, made in a cylin-
drical shape, by the twisting of a series of strips of metal, affixed to rings or
tubes d, d, at top and bottom, and forming inclined planes e, e, e. This
skeleton guard is to be placed on the top of an apparatus having wind

page_text: passages constructed within a conical hood b, as first described, by which the
currents of air or wind proceeding up the curved passages within the hood
will produce a partial vacuum in the chimney a, as before said, and the smoke
or vapor will be discharged laterally through the openings of the skeleton
guard.
A modification of the apparatus for producing a partial vacuum in a chimney
(but constructed on the same principle as that first described) is shewn at
Figure 4. a is the cylindrical top of a chimney. In this instance, however, the
wind passages are not formed by a hood with inclined partitions, but by a
series of open trumpets or horns b, b, b, placed in inclined positions round the
cylindrical chimney top. The lower and larger end of each horn is open to
receive the external air or wind, and the upper or smaller open ends of the
horn are inserted into the cylindrical chimney top. The horns, therefore, by their
inclined positions, are made to conduct currents of air or wind continually from
the outside to the upper part of the inside of the chimney, by the rapid passage
of which currents a partial vacuum is effected in the lower part of the chimney,
and the draft is thereby promoted. On the top of this last-described apparatus
a spiral or cylindrical guard or shield, similar to either of those shewn at
Figures 2 and 8, may be placed, for the purpose of preventing the downward
pressure of the wind, as already explained; but in many situations, and under
many circumstances, the apparatus Figure 1 or Figure 4 may be used without
the skeleton shield or guard, the wind passages in the apparatus being alone
sufficient to create a powerful draft, and to produce a rapid discharge of smoke
or vapour from the chimney or other place requiring ventilation.
It having been shewn that the principle of my Invention consists in passing
currents of air by inclined passages over or through the discharging apertures
of a chimney or other ventilating orifice, for the purpose of producing a
partial vacuum within, I would wish it to be understood that I do not intend
to confine myself to any precise form in which those inclined air passages
should be made, as they are susceptible of many variations from the forms I
have shewn at Figures 1 and 4, though these I have found most effective;
neither do I intend to limit myself to placing these apparatus at all times in
erect positions for the discharge of smoke or vapor, for an ordinary chimney
cowl would be greatly improved by the adaptation to it of my inclined air
passages. In that case, however, the cylindrical parts a of the apparatus would
lie horizontally, and constitute the discharging tube of the cowl, to which the
hood b, with its inclined partitions Figure 1, forming the wind passages or
horns, or any other forms of tubes to produce wind passages, might be affixed,
so as to cause currents of wind to pass over or through. the discharging

page_text: aperture of the cowl, and effect a partial vacuum within, for the purpose of
promoting rapid ventilation.
Another mode of adapting my Invention, in the form of a cowl, is represented
in perspective at Figure 5, which may be applied to a chimney top or other
aperture for ventilation. This apparatus is to be mounted in an erect position,
and enabled to turn round upon the chimney top by the pressure of the wind
as an ordinary cowl. a is the cylindrical part that circumscribes the chimney
top; b is the breast of the cowl which always presents itself to the wind, caused
by the fan form of the hinder part c, c, This hinder part is closed by a
curved plate d, d, but the cowl is open on the sides, as shewn at e, e, e, e.
The apertures e, e, e, for the discharge of smoke or vapour' are guarded,
and the channels formed by bent plates or partitions, the shapes of which
are made evident by a portion of the side of the cowl being represented, as
broken away in the Figure. The top of the cowl is also closed by a flat
plate d, which prevents the wind from beating down the chimney. Now a
current of wind blowing against the cowl will strike it on the breast b, and
thence proceed along the fan-formed sides, when, by passing over the lateral
apertures e, e, e, or striking against and rebounding from the inclined parti-
tions, the current will cause a partial vacuum within the cowl, and thereby
produce a rapid discharge of the smoke or vapour through the apertures, upon
the principle before explained. Apparatus constructed in the way shown are
not only suited to promote the draft of chimneys, but are also applicable to
drawing off vapors and heated air from malthouses, warehouses, crowded
buildings, manufactories, mines, ships, carriages, and a variety of other places
where ventilation is required. For ventilating carriages the same principles
might be adopted in another form, as that shewn in vertical section at Figure 6.
In this Figure a, a, represents the roof of a carriage; b, b, apertures through
the roof for the discharge of heated air; c, c, inclined plates or partitions fixed
upon the roof over the vent apertures b, b, having an opening dat top.
Above this a hood or outer covering e, e, is placed, its ends in the longitudinal
direction of the carriage being open at f, f. Two inclined flaps or shutters
g, g, are mounted on horizontal axles at h, h, for the purpose of allowing them
to be placed at any desired angle. These flaps are connected together by cross
rods, so that the movements of the shutters in opening or closing them are
made simultaneously. An arm or lever i, extending from one of the shutters,
is connected to a cord or chain k, passed over a pulley 7 at top, which is for
the purpose of enabling the passengers within the carriage to regulate the
draft, or close it altogether. The edges of the flaps or shutters g may be
guarded by list or some other soft material, in order to prevent noise when

page_text: they are brought into their closed positions, as shewn by dots in the Figure.
When the shutters g, g, are closed no ventilation from the interior of the
carriage can pass through the hood, but when open, that is, placed in the
position shewn, then the current of wind proceeding between the partitions
and flaps and the curved hood over the orifice d, will produce, as before de-
scribed, such a partial vacuum in the chamber below, formed between the roof
of the carriage and the inclined partitions, that an upward current of the
heated air and vapours from the carriage will be carried into the hood and
passed off into the atmosphere, whilst any downward current of wind is
effectually prevented from entering the carriage.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Henry Tuck, have hereunto set
my hand and seal; this Ninth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
JOSEPH HENRY (L.s.) TUCK.
Taken and acknowledged, by Joseph
Henry Tuck (party hereto), at Paris,
in the Kingdom of France, the
Ninth day of September, One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty-seven,
before me.

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