matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER LINED CANVAS HOSE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Giles Henwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1880.
FRANCIS GILES HENWOOD, of 28, Budge Row, in the City of London, India
Rubber, Gutta Percha, and Steam Packing Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INDIA-RUBBER LINED CANVAS HOSE"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manner or mode of
strengthening the weaker part or parts of woven seamless flax or canvas hose
(generally known as the "patent seamless canvas hose ") when lined with india
rubber, whereby the same may be better adapted to special or general use than that
ordinarily made with an india rubber lining only and the means used for
strengthening be protected from the action of damp or wet, whether it or they be
on the exterior or interior of the canvas hose.
Having for the past eighteen months manufactured strengthened india rubber
lined canvas hose, the weaker part or parts being strengthened by means of lapping
the india rubber lining so as to produce a double thickness of india rubber over
that or those parts, and although the same produces an excellent hose quite equal
to the requirements of ordinary use, I find that for special uses or where greater
strength is required on this plan a greater thickness of the india rubber at that or
those parts becomes necessary, but to this an objection arises in the fact that in a
hose of a given size a corresponding diminution of the area of the water way
necessarily results, therefore in order to remove this objection and yet obtain the
desired results I have devised a plan or system which is or may be carried out in
the following manner :-I take one or more pieces or strips of canvas or linen tape,
or other suitable strong material of a suitable width proportionate to the diameter
of the hose to be strengthened, say, for example, each piece one fourth of the
circumference of the hose in width, or narrower or wider as desired or preferred, and
insert the same between the lap or laps, joining or joinings of the india rubber lining
in the interior of the same, so that the india rubber lining may entirely enclose,
embed, or envelop the canvas, liuen tape, or other strengthening portion or portions,
and thereby prevent it or them from coming in contact with either damp or wet,
whether such damp or wet be on the outside or inside of the hose, whereby the
durability of the strengthening part or parts will be greatly increased and the ill
[Price 9d1

page_text: effects of decay prevented. I may also, in place of making the rubber lining of the
canvas hose with a lap or laps, use it as a continuous or seamless tube inside the
canvas hose, and then insert inside the india rubber lining the strengthening part
or parts as above described, placing over it or them a wider strip or strips or cover
of india rubber which shall join on to and amalgamate with the seamless rubber
lining, and so enclose, embed, or envelop the canvas or tape, or other strengthening
part or parts, and obtain thereby the desired results, as herein before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Chapman Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1880.
ROBERT CHAPMAN ANDERSON, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
My Invention relates to improvements in electric telegraphs, chiefly applicable to
submarine cables, but also applicable for land lines, and the Invention consists in
the employment, in place of the ordinary cables or wire for conveying the electric
current of a fluid conductor contained within a tube of suitable insulating material.
For submarine cables I have found sea water to answer well, but any other
fluid which is a good conductor of electricity may be employed whether for
submarine cables or for land lines.
It will be understood that as this novel conductor offers much greater resistance
to the passage of a current of electricity than the metallic wire ordinarily employed,
I use currents of high tension, such as induced currents, for the transmission of
messages.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW SOLUBLE COMPOUND OF CERIUM TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Brunt Mackey, of Nos. 1 and 2, Bouverie Street,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Manufacturing Chemist and Wholesale
Druggist, for an Invention of "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW SOLUBLE
COMPOUND OF CERIUM TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES." Dated
25th March 1880.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Brunt Mackey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1880.
JOHN BRUNT MACKEY, of Nos. 1 and 2, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, in the
"THE MANU-
City of London, Manufacturing Chemist and Wholesale Druggist.
FACTURE OF A NEW SOLUBLE COMPOUND OF CERIUM TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
MEDICINAL PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a new and soluble
compound of cerium to be employed for medicinal purposes.
1 prepare in the first instance hydrated oxide of cerium by any well known
method, but preferably by igniting the oxalate of cerium in an open vessel at
such a temperature as will convert it into oxide, and then dissolving the oxide so
prepared in nitric or sulphuric acid by the aid of heat, and precipitating the
hydrated oxide by means of potassa or soda; the necessary proportions and other
particulars for effecting the desired objects being well known to persons acquainted
with chemical operations.
I dissolve the hydrated oxide in a solution of citrate of ammonia in chemical
proportions so as to form a slightly alkaline solution of the double citrate of cerium
and ammonia.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing it, I would have it understood that 1 claim,―
The manufacture of the double citrate of cerium and ammonia, substantially as
herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Brunt Mackey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
TATT DRYING VOLBY
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR THE STEMS OF BROKEN WINE GLASSES OR OF OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Lewis Wharton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1880.
ARTHUR LEWIS WHARTON, of Great Grimsby, in the County of Lincoln, Jeweller.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR THE STEMS OF BROKEN WINE GLASSES OR OF
OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to an auxiliary stand or holder for wine glasses, the foot
of which is broken off, but it is also applicable for holding other articles which end
in a stem.
My improved holder consists of a base or foot, which may be similar to the base
of a wine glass, a vertical tube attached to the base or made in one piece with the
same, a clip placed at the top of the tube, a pusher enclosed in the tube, and so
connected with the clip as to open or close the latter by its up or down motion,
this motion being effected one way by hand and the other way by a spiral spring.
I make the clip of two halves or jaws surrounding the stem when closed, and
hinged at the bottom to a plate connected with the pusher by a central pin, which
draws the lower part of the jaws into the tube, so as to close the clip when the
spring pressing on the pusher is not counteracted by hand. The spiral spring
presses with the top against a collar of the tube, and at the bottom against the top
of the pusher or on a collar of the same. The jaws are internally lined with india-
rubber or other suitable packing, and the holder may otherwise be made of metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred George Gigney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1880.
ALFRED GEORGE GIGNEY, of Stanhope Street, N.W., in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES."
(6
pianettes,"
My Invention relates to that class of upright pianos known as
and consists of an action which occupies the minimum amount of space.
At the back or inner end of the key is fixed the hopper, behind which is the fly
working on a hinge joint. The top end of the fly carries the hopper block which
is covered on its top surface with a check of felt or other suitable material. A pin
is fixed into the hopper and passes freely through the fly, allowing the latter full
play thereon. The end of the pin is provided with a button, against which rests
a piece of soft felt or other suitable material placed on the pin between the fly and
the button. A spring is placed between the hopper and the fly to keep the latter
in its normal position. The hammer butt is centred on the hammer rail, and
fastened on to the hammer butt is a butt-block, the lower end of which is covered
with leather and rests upon the top of the fly when in its normal position, but
when the key is pressed down it drops on to the check of the hopper. A spring is
fitted on to the hammer rail, and works in a groove in the haminer butt for the
purpose of giving a regular and even touch, and a certain and quick repitition.
The damper wire is fixed into the butt-block, the damper arrangement being the
same as ordinary. The great advantage of this action is that the touch can be
arranged according to the wish of the purchaser by adjusting the springs, so as to
give a light or a heavy touch.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED HARROW AND ROLLER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Edmonds at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1880. A communication
from abroad by Richard Blakeway King, of Independence, Kansas, U.S.A:
EDGAR EDMONDS, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. AN IMPROVED COMBINED
HARROW AND ROLLER." A communication from abroad by Richard Blakeway King,
of Independence, Kansas, U.S.A.
This Invention relates to an improved combined harrow and roller, and consists
of a roller in one or more sections carried in bearings on a frame, to which is also
attached the draught pole.
The machine is provided with preferably two harrows of triangular shape, one in
front of the roller and one behind, and the roller is by preference arranged to work
within the open frame of the front harrow, whilst the after harrow is preferably
made somewhat smaller than the front one, and is hinged to the latter so that it,
when at work, trails behind.
An adjustable seat for the driver is fitted on the roller frame, and in front of the
seat a lever is arranged within easy reach.
This lever is connected with both the harrows by means of chains and rods, the
chains passing over pulleys in suitable parts of the frame, and serving to adjust the
working depth of the harrows, or to raise them entirely off the ground to enable
the machine to turn a corner or to be moved from place to place.
The frame of the machine is so arranged that a drill can be attached when
drilling is preferred to broad cast sowing.
The machine is simple, easily manipulated, and can be made to perform a large
amount of work in a short time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO ENVELOPES, WRAPPERS, AND A communi- THE LIKE, WITH A VIEW TO FACILITATE THE OPENING OF THEM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ambrose Brydges at the Office
A communication
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1880.
"
by Gustav Heinicke, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., No. 73,
Koeniggrätzer Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO ENVELOPES, WRAPPERS, AND
A communi-
THE LIKE, WITH A VIEW TO FACILITATE THE OPENING OF THEM."
cation by Gustav Heinicke, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire.
This Invention relates to a novel and original arrangement and employment of
means for easily opening envelopes, wrappers, and other similar coverings without
injuring the contents of the same.
"This Invention consists in so providing each envelope, wrapper, or other covering
during the manufacture of the same with a thread of any suitable material, a
piece of fine wire, horse hair, or other material, in such manner that the folded part
of the said envelope or other covering can be easily cut or torn open by aid of said
thread without otherwise tearing the envelope and without injuring the contents
of the same.
A thread of silk, cotton, or suitable fibre, a hair, wire, string, or tape is attached
by means of gum, paste, or other suitable adhesive substance, over the interior
surface of one of the folds of the envelope, wrapper, or other covering, so that by
pulling the ends of the said thread or other equivalent upwards the envelope is
easily cut open.
In the present Specification I only use the words thread and envelope for
shortness sake, although it is evident that my Invention can be used for nearly all
kinds of postal wrappers or coverings.
It is a well known fact that letters and other important documents or
communications are very often damaged in cutting or tearing open the envelope;
by using my said Invention the contents of the envelopes, et cetera, are not only
saved from injury, but also a considerable saving of time is attained.
There are several ways of attaching the thread that I have adopted.
1st. Where it is attached to the inner surface of the bottom or side fold, the
two ends sticking out at the corners.
2nd. Where it is attached to the bottom fold, the two ends brought round along
the bottom of the envelope, tied, and then left of sufficient length to go round the
envelope and meet at the junction where the seal is affixed. By sealing these two
ends in the seal the envelope is bound with string, an addition safeguard for the
contents.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS USED IN THEIR CONSTRUCTION, APPLICABLE ALSO IN THE FORMATION OF OTHER CYLINDRICAL VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Windle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1880.
JOHN WINDLE, of Moston, in the County of Lancaster, Contractor. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS USED IN
THEIR CONSTRUCTION, APPLICABLE ALSO IN THE FORMATION OF OTHER CYLINDRICAL
VESSELS."
or
My Invention relates to cylindrical steam generators, or to generators having
cylindrical shells or flues, and has for its principal object to obtain an increase
in strength or resistance. The shells of steam generators are ordinarily formed
of plates bent into the required shapes, and connected together by means of
The longitudinal seams
longitudinal and circumferential lines of rivets.
connections are great sources of weakness. To avoid these seams I form the shells
of the generator by connecting together a number of rings of metal, each ring being
formed by a rolling operation from an ingot of steel, or from a bloom or mass of
metal, in a similar manner as when rolling railway tires, the ring being formed
without a joint, seam, or weld. I roll these rings of a suitable width and thickness,
and I connect them together by means of joint rings produced in the same manner,
or by means of rings bent and welded, or simply bent, as preferred; or I roll the
rings for the shell to a conical form, so that the end of one ring can enter a suitable
distance into another ring; or I roll the rings to a cylindrical form, making the
alternate rings larger in diameter than the other and intermediate rings. I prefer to
roll the rings from ingots of steel, such for example as Bessemer or Siemens' steel,
but I do not confine myself to this. My Invention is also applicable in the
construction of other cylindrical vessels, as for example, of steam reservoirs and of
boilers used for various purposes, and in the formation of the internal flues of steam
generators, and a generator having the shell produced in accordance with my
Invention may either be fitted with flues produced in the same or in a similar
manner, or with flues of ordinary or suitable forms and constructions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE OR WAGON COUPLINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1880.
WILLIAM THOMAS, of Baeds Well, Llantrissant, Glamorganshire, South Wales,
Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE OR WAGON COUPLINGS."
This Invention relates to improvements in railway carriage or wagon couplings.
According to my Invention the draw bars are extended as far as the buffers will
admit without allowing the opposite hooks to come into collision with one another.
At the end of each drawbar is a drawbar hook. From the shackle bolt hole of each
drawbar, and at right angles to the latter, and attached thereto, depends a
vertical bar of proportionate and suitable length. A screw turning in suitable
bearings, one in drawbar, and one in the said vertical bar, is placed diagonally
between the two at an angle as obtuse as possible. The lower end of this screw
projecting through and beyond the said vertical bar is provided with a bevel wheel
of suitable size, and this gears into a second bevel wheel of twice (or thereabouts)
the diameter of the first named. This second bevel wheel (also a spur wheel) is
driven by a pinion on a horizontal axle, extending towards the side of the wagon
or carriage to beyond the buffers, and having its extremities provided with suitable
handles. Motion and power is thus imparted to the said diagonal screw. On said
screw is placed a screw nut made to run easily on the screw, and with a pin
projecting on each of the two opposite sides. On these pins work two connecting
bars, the outer or upper ends of which are pivoted to the shackle, said bars
imparting motion to the shackle as the nut is worked in or out by the motion of
the diagonal screw. The shackle is of course of a length suitable to the buffers
with which they have to work, and are made in two distinct parts to ensure the
necessary flexibility in slack and tight buffers. The hind part of the shackle is
fastened to the drawbar by a bolt in the ordinary manner. In front of the said
hind part will be a pair of prongs of sufficient size and strength to lift the fore part
of the shackle in and out of any hook to which it is fastened.
A SELF ACTING DETACHMENT FOR LIFE BUOYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Frederick John Dahse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1880.
JULIUS FREDERICK JOHN DAHSE, of 79, Great Tower Street, in the City of
London, County of Middlesex, Merchant. "A SELF ACTING DETACHMENT FOR
LIFE BUOYS."
I fix or hang at any suitable place on a vessel springs made in various forms,
shewn on the accompanying Drawing. Figs. 1 & 2 shews the spring fixed to any flat
surface on the vessel; Fig. 3 shews the spring fixed to the hand rail of the bridge
or any other convenient bar; Fig. 4 shews a different form of spring on a round
bar, but not fixed thereto, but loose so as to allow such spring to turn over on the
same. I attach a ring or staple to an ordinary life buoy made of cork or other
suitable buoyant material, and this ring or staple hangs on the above named springs.
On the foundering of the ship the buoys thus held will be lifted by the action of
the water, the ring or staple fastened to the buoy will then pass through the end of
the spring and become liberated, leaving the buoy at liberty, ready for the
immediate use of any person requiring the support of the same.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LEVEL OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUID
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Reginald Arnulph Mallock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1880.
HENRY REGINALD ARNULPH MALLOCK, of Brampford Speke, in the County of
Devon. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LEVEL OF
WATER OR OTHER LIQUID."
My Invention relates to apparatus for indicating the level of water or other
liquid, the apparatus being so arranged that the level can be ascertained at a
distance from the vessel or other receptacle containing the liquid. For this purpose
I submerge in the liquid a bell or open bottomed vessel, preferably of large area in
proportion to its height, and from the upper part of this bell I lead a small air
tight pipe to a pressure guage, which may be in any convenient situation. The air
in the bell being subject to the pressure due to the column of liquid above it, this
pressure communicated to the guage will indicate the height of that column. The
guage may be of any known kind such as will indicate the difference between the
pressure external to it and the pressure communicated by the air pipe. When the
apparatus is employed to indicate level of liquid in a closed vessel such as a boiler,
in which the pressure differs from that of the external atmosphere, the guage is
connected to two air pipes, the one communicating with the submerged bell and the
other with the upper part of the vessel in which it is submerged. In this case the
guage indicating the difference of pressure shews the pressure due to the column
of liquid that compresses the air in the bell. Obviously for the purpose of
communicating pressure, as above described, any gaseous fluid other than air might
be employed to charge the bell and the pipe or pipes communicating with the
guage.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING CORKS OR BUNGS FROM WIDE MOUTHED BOTTLES, JARS, AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1880.
FREDERICK WILLIAM RUSSELL, of Upper Thames Strect, in the City of London.
"IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING CORKS OR BUNGS FROM
WIDE MOUTHED BOTTLES, JARS, AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS."
My Invention relates to improved means whereby flat corks or bungs may be
readily extracted from wide mouthed bottles, jars, or similar vessels without the
aid of a cork screw. The latter implement being usually constructed of a size to
draw long corks from ordinary narrow necked bottles, is not well adapted for
extracting flat corks or bungs from wide mouthed bottles or jars, such as used for
containing pickles, especially as such corks are usually sealed with a covering of
rosin or plaster of paris, which must be removed to insert the corkscrow. Moreover
as the corkscrew must necessarily pass completely through a flat cork in order to
obtain any hold, and even then is liable to draw out from the cork without
extracting it; a flat cork which has been thus perforated or damaged is unfit for
use again for stoppering a wide mouthed bottle.
My Invention relates to a device to be inserted in the mouth of the bottle, jar,
or other vessel at the same time as the cork or bung, and consists of a ring large
enough to encircle and pass freely over the exterior of the vessels mouth, and of
one or more cords or wires, or of a fabric or tissue attached to the ring at opposite
or different points and passing down between the edges of the cork or bung, and
the interior of the vessel's mouth and across the under face of the cork, so that by
pressing the ring downwards the tension of the cords, wires, fabric, or tissue
attached to the ring, and passing over the edges of the vessel's mouth, and under
the cork or bung as above mentioned, will pull the cork or bung in the opposite
direction to that in which the ring is forced, that is to say, will draw it out of the
bottle mouth.
This device may be used with an ordinary skin or metallic capsule or covering
for the underside of the cork if necessary, to prevent contact of the contents of the
vessel with the wires or cords, in which caso the capsule would envelope both the
cork and the wires, but when a fabric or tissue is used instead of wires or cords, it
may serve the purpose of a capsule, thus rendering a separate capsule unnecessary.
The cork or bung may be sealed with a covering of rosin, plaster of paris, or
other material as usual, which by the action of my extractor will be withdrawn
intact with the cork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTION JOURNAL-BEARINGS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Francesco Cirio and Emilio Marca, of Turin, Italy,
Engineers.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgàn-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTION JOURNAL-BEARINGS.' [A communication
from abroad by Francesco Cirio and Emilio Marca, of Turin, Italy, Engineers.]
"
The object of this Invention is to provide a journal-bearing of great durability
but little or not subject to wear, and by the use of which a great economy of oil
or other lubricating material is obtained. For this purpose a construction is
adopted by which the acting surfaces of the trunnions of the shaft and of the
constituent parts of the journal are held in exclusively rolling contact with each
other, all actual friction or motion of one surface in rubbing contact over another
surface being completely avoided.
I introduce between the surface of the trunnions and the bearing surface of the
journal box a sufficient number of cylinders of hard metal, preferably steel, parallel
to the shaft, so that the rotation of the shaft in one direction causes these cylinders,
each one of which is along its entire length in contact with the shaft, as well as
with the internal surface of the journal box, to revolve in the opposite direction
around its axis upon the said internal surface of the journal box, producing thereby
a compound motion of these cylinders, first, a revolution around their axes against
the revolution of the shaft, and second, a bodily displacement in a circular line in
the direction of the rotation of the shaft. I prefer to adopt such dimensions that
these cylinders shall be not only in contact with the shaft and the journal surface,
but that each one of these cylinders shall be also in contact with the two adjacent
ones, so as to insure in a positive manner that the shaft is always held exactly
concentric to the internal surface journal. If necessary or desired the cylinders
may be held against longitudinal displacement by flanches formed on the journal
projecting inward toward the axis, and in every case the parts should be constructed
very carefully, so that the diameter of the cylindrical hollow of the journal box be
exactly equal to the diameter of the trunnion, plus twice the diameter of one of
the cylinders, it being understood that the cylinders themselves be all of equal
diameters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMBUSTION OF PATENT FUEL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weekes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1880.
CHARLES WEEKES, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND COMBUSTION OF PATENT FUEL."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture and
combustion of patent fuel.
I make a square hole through each block of fuel at or about the centre thereof,
by means of a pin attached to the plunger plate of the press.
Any required number of these fuel blocks are slipped or threaded on a square rod
of wood or iron, at right angles to each other alternately, the space between each
block being arranged at pleasure.
These clusters of blocks are then placed in the furnace for combustion so as to
rest or lie in a diagonal position to the floor of the grate, that is, the points only of
the blocks touch the bars.
Blocks of fuel of the ordinary thickness can be used, but the thinner they are
made, the more perfect will be the combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1880. A communication
from abroad by Pierre Hermann Hubert Neuman, of Brussels, in the Kingdom
of Belguim.
JASPER WETTER, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF PAPER." A communication from abroad
by Pierre Hermann Hubert Neuman, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
This Invention relates to further improvements in the Invention for which
Letters Patent, No. 28, were granted to me, dated the 3rd January 1880.
In the Specification of the said Patent, I claim the application of a very
hygroscopic substance, such as chloride of calcium, for increasing the pliability of
parchment paper, or any other paper.
Further experience has shown me that a similar result can be obtained by means
of the following products, of which I claim the exclusive use for the purposes set
forth in the aforesaid Letters Patent :- Acetate of soda, acetate of alumina, acetate
of potash, ammonia, phosphate of soda, chloride of sodium, a fatty potash soap, and
generally all hygroscopic products which, absorbing water from the atmosphere,
can only be dried by heat.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DOORS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Longsdon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1880. (A communication from
abroad by Alfred Krupp, of Essen, in the Empire of Germany, Cast Steel
Manufacturer.)
ALFRED LONGSDON, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DOORS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF IRON OR OTHER METALS." (A commu-
nication from abroad by Alfred Krupp, of Essen, in the Empire of Germany, Cast
Steel Manufacturer.)
The object of this Invention is to construct doors and similar articles, such as
shutters and door frames, of sheet iron or other metal, by pressing or stamping, for
the purpose of superseding the ordinary wooden doors used for rooms and furniture,
which latter doors offer no resistance to the action or spread of fire, and also by the
increasing cost of wood become more and more expensive.
Iron doors, as heretofore made, have been heavy and unsightly.
Now according to this Invention doors are produced with a panelled or otherwise
ornamental or sightly appearance, and great strength and stiffness, by forming thin
sheets of iron or other metal with grooves and beadings by means of suitable die
presses or stamps; or other depressions or projecting parts or panellings may be
thus produced of any desired form and design. The grooves and beadings may go
all round the door or parts of same. Rosettes or other ornaments, cast or pressed,
may be affixed to one or both sides of the door where a more ornamental appearance
is required.
In some cases, where greater strength or security against fire is desired, a door
may be made of two halves or parts united in convenient places by rivets or by
turning over the edge all round, or by other means, the hollow space left between
the two halves being sometimes filled with a non-combustible material non-
conductive of heat.
Door frames may also thus be formed of pressed sheet iron or other metal.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BLOWER AND FIRE GUARD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Hunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
HARRY HUNT, of 117, Newington Green Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Ironmonger. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED BLOWER AND FIRE GUARD."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved combined blower and
fire guard for use with ordinary domestic stoves of all kinds, the Invention having
for object to provide a blower which shall allow a sight or view of the fire during
combustion, particularly when burning anthracite or other hard coal or fuel, and
which shall also serve as a fire guard.
In carrying out my Invention I construct a metal frame of a shape to fit the fire
place to which it is to be applied, or I form the frame in several parts jointed or
hinged together so that it will suit different forms of fire places or stoves. The
frame is constructed to receive a suitable number of transparent windows or plates
of suitable material, such as mica or talc, and of any desired form. The blower is
provided with hooks or studs to allow of it being adjusted to the fire place, or it
may be adapted to slide or be hinged thereto. The blower is provided with
adjustable slides, so that it may be withdrawn a certain distance from the fire
when not required to be used as a blower, and will then serve as a fire guard.
By this arrangement thus provide a blower which may be adapted to nearly
any construction of fire place or stove, which will secure the necessary draught to
effect the combustion of hard coal or fuel, and at the same time a blower which
will allow the progress of the combustion to be watched, and when not further
required as a blower it may be used as a fire guard, as herein before described.
OF VALUABLE IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION PRODUCTS, MORE ESPECIALLY ANTHRACENE, FROM COAL TAR OR COAL TAR PITCH
Year: 1880

page_text: &
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by George Wischin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1880.
GEORGE WISCHIN, of Prague, in the Dominions of Austria, and temporarily
at the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
OF VALUABLE
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE DISTILLATION
PRODUCTS, MORE ESPECIALLY ANTHRACENE, FROM COAL TAR OR COAL TAR
PITCH."
This Invention has for its object to increase the yield of anthracene and heavy
oils contained in coal tar, and also coal tar pitch, without partly or completely
coking the pitch, and making it valueless or deteriorating its value.
As explained in my Provisional Application of the Fourteenth of May last, I
assist the distillation of coal tar in its last stage, or the distillation of molten pitch
from which the anthracene which has not been perfectly extracted, by adding
creosote oil, anthracene, or other hydro-carbons (which I designated), and which I
inject into the heated pitch.
For shortness sake I will call by the name of "pitch" the residue of the distillation
of tar after the process of distilling has been pushed as far as it can safely be by
the process of distillation now in use, without too much injuring the stills and
running the risk of making the residue boil over into the condenser.
This can be done in various ways, but I find that the more thoroughly intimately
and rapidly the gradually introduced oil or hydro-carbon or its vapour be mixed
with the hot pitch, the better is the result.
I introduce the hydro-carbon or its vapour as hot as I can conveniently make
it, whereby the pitch is briskly agitated and mixes rapidly and intimately with
the bydro-carbon.
I agitate the pitch by any means used for the agitation of liquids or sediments
suspended in liquids, and introduce the hydro-carbon by means of any mechanical
means and appliances at command, such as pumps, elevated cisterns containing the
hydrocarbon, inontjies, injectors, worked by steam or compressed gases, or preferably
such as are nearly free of oxygen.
I disintegrate or, so to speak, pulverize the hydrocarbon or convert the same in a
mist or spray on its way to the pitch by means of gases, preferably nearly free of
oxygen, steam or other vapours introduced simultaneously with the oil, or I mix

page_text: previously with the oil before its introduction into the still, or introduce simul-
taneously with the oil, small quantities of water or other liquids of comparatively
low boiling point, which by their rapid transformation into the gaseous state
disintegrate the oil or pulverize the oil, and make it to mix rapidly and intimately
with the pitch.
Another way of accomplishing my object is to employ a mechanical rotary
agitator with a hollow shaft, preferably agitating during the entire distillation;
creosote is injected during the latter part or the entire period, through the hollow
shaft and strong perforated branch pipes from the shaft bottom.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND COMBINATION OF DRAWERS FOR DESKS AND OTHER PIECES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Krauss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1880.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND COMBINATION OF DRAWERS FOR DESKS AND
OTHER PIECES OF FURNITURE."
EDWARD KRAUSS, of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex.
.
The object of this Invention is so to arrange and combine drawers that two or more
of them may, by one operation, be opened and shut. For this purpose superposed
drawers are formed with parallel top and bottom sloping, when shut, from front
down toward the back at an angle of about one to two, and I mount each drawer
on central end pivots. These drawers are at one or both ends and at front, or by
preference at the back, connected by one or more rods mounted on pins or hinges.
By taking hold of a knob on one of the drawers and pulling downward all the
drawers are simultaneously thrown forward and opened, and vice versa, by pulling
upwards all the drawers are simultaneously thrown back and closed.
One lock will suffice for locking all the drawers.
Catches with quadrants or other stops may be provided for holding the drawers
in the open position, and if desired, also in the closed position.
THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ALLOYS OF NICKEL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Jules Garnier, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ALLOYS OF NICKEL"
[A communication from abroad by Jules Garnier, of Paris, France.]
Pure nickel after fusion and tapping generally contains more or less occluded
oxygen, and the metal is consequently brittle. To prevent this hurtful action of
the oxygen it is necessary to incorporate with the melted nickel a substance not
only having a strong affinity for oxygen, but also for nickel itself, in order that it
may more readily diffuse itself in the bath, and lastly it is necessary that this
substance should not injure the quality of the nickel.
It has been already proposed to add to nickel manganese or carburet of nickel,
and these substances do in point of fact improve the nickel, but their effect is less
powerful than that of phosphorus.
The quantity to be added is of course in proportion to the quantity of oxygen
absorbed, and one must be guided by practice in various cases.
Nickel combined with phosphorus is very white, only slightly puffy, and melts
at a lower temperature, which permits of its being moulded in sand without fear of
adherent particles. I add the phosphorus in a state of phosphuret of nickel, rich
in phosphorus, and prepared either in a crucible on a slab, or in an oven provided
with a basin, the manufacture of which I reserve to myself for the above mentioned
purpose. The phosphorus may also be added in a pure state, or mixed with other
metals than nickel.
Phosphorus may also be added by mixing a phosphate with the oxide of nickel
before its reduction by carbonized substances, as this oxide of nickel is usually
reduced. The phosphate may also be added in the first operations for smelting the
oxidized minerals, such as garnierite of New Caledonia, either for nickel or for
carburetted nickel.
Nickel thus prepared can be easily worked hot or cold.
Nickel combined with phosphorus will produce certain extremely homogeneous

page_text: For the making of these alloys I also reserve the right of employing a mixture
of ordinary pure nickel and phosphorous irons, not sulphurous.
It is unnecessary to say that phosphorous nickel thus prepared may be used for
all industrial purposes, such as the manufacture of maillechort, and other alloys of
nickel with the various metals. Pure nickel for the manufacture of maillechort
should contain a larger proportion of phosphorus, which serves to improve the brass
employed by de-oxidising it.
MENTS IN TROUGH WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Crocker Cross at the Office
of the Commissoners of Patents on the 11th December 1880.
BENJAMIN CROCKER CROSS, of Dewsbury, in the County of York.
MENTS IN TROUGH WATERCLOSETS."
" IMPROVE-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, No. 2324, in the year
1878, I described means by which the contents of the trough or basins of what is
known as a trough watercloset might be drawn or let off at regulated intervals.
The outlet pipe had in it a hinged syphon bend, which ordinarily was held up
towards a vertical position by a counterbalance weight. On the top of the syphon
bend was a small tank or receptacle, into which a fine stream of water was allowed
to trickle from a water supply pipe. When the small tank or receptacle was thereby
nearly filled it overbalanced the counterbalance weight and dropped downwards,
thereby turning the syphon bend downwards towards a horizontal position.
A flow of liquid from the trough or basins through the syphon outlet pipe was
thereby started and the contents of the trough or basins caused to be quickly
drawn off.
By this means the contents of the trough or basins of the closet was emptied at
regulated intervals of time whether few or many persons had used the closet.
According to my present Invention I so form the closets that the urine
discharged into the closet is not received into the trough or basins but is conveyed
away by a separate channel and led into the small tank or receptacle before
mentioned, so that the periodical discharge of the contents of the trough or basin
is controlled by the collection of urine in this small tank instead of by the small
tank being slowly filled with water as previously arranged. The descent of the
small tank when nearly full may either be arranged to turn downwards a syphon
bend in the outlet pipe from the closet as described in the Specification above
mentioned, or simply to open an outlet discharge valve or to lower the outlet
of a discharge pipe, or to otherwise cause the discharge of the contents of the
trough.
By arranging a trough watercloset in this way the discharge of the contents of
the trough in place of being effected at regulated intervals of time will be controlled
more by the number of persons who may have used the closets. The action of the
apparatus will also be rendered more certain and less liable to be interfered with by
the action of frost. The urine also when discharged from the small tank may be
collected in a separate receptacle and utilized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FANCY YARNS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Law, William Kitchin, and
Thomas Kitchin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th
June 1880.
JAMES LAW, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Card Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM KITCHIN, and THOMAS KITCHIN, both of Stanningley, in the County
aforesaid, Machino Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FANCY YARNS."
This Invention relates to further improvements in machinery for purpose
aforesaid, for which Letters Patent, Number 4703, A.D. 1879, were granted to the
said William Kitchin and Thomas Kitchin, and the object of the present Invention
is to so construct and operate such machinery as to produce two or more colors
of "knobs" on one and the same thread or yarn, that is to say, a "knob" of blue
will be followed by a knob of red or other color, and so on.
"
22
We employ machinery similar to that described in Specification as aforesaid,
but in addition to the forward and motion we impart an intermittent lateral
motion to the frame and apparatus, so that the several colored slubbing from which
the "knobs are made will be changed in position in relation to the doffer, and
various colored deposits of slubbing will be rubbed upon and incorporated with
each finished slubbing or yarn. The lateral motion is obtained by means of a
crank or disc and pin motion, or by means of a standard and gear wheels which
operate the disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED SHADES AND REFLECTORS FOR GAS AND OTHER LAMPS OR BURNERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sidney Goldsmith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1880.
JOHN SIDNEY GOLDSMITH, of the City, County, and State of New York, United
States of America, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED SHADES AND
REFLECTORS FOR GAS AND OTHER LAMPS OR BURNERS."
The object of my Invention is to provide an improved combined shade and
reflector for use with lamps, gas burners, and lights of all kinds.
The essential feature of the said Invention consists in forming the shade and
reflector of glass or other suitable material made in triangular shape in such a
manner that there is a number of inclined surfaces, and the glass may either be
solid or blown hollow. If blown hollow, the said shade and reflector may be
provided with a suitable opening at any convenient point and may be filled with a
suitable liquid.
The angles or points of the triangles may be made of the same or of irregular
lengths, and the said improved shade or reflector may be made star shaped or in
circular form with an even edge, moreover it may be made convex or concavo in
its upper surface and plane in its lower surface, or convex or concave in its upper
surface and convex or concave in its lower surface. A hole is cut in the centre and
of such a diameter as to fit over the burner of a gas, oil, kerosene, or other lamp
or light. The said shade and reflector is placed under or on the side of the light as
desired.
NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN SIGNALS FOR STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Meiter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1880.
CHARLES WILLIAM MEITER, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London.
"NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN SIGNALS FOR STEAM AND OTHER
VESSELS."
This Invention refers to the construction of ball or shape signals for carrying on
vessels when not under command, as required by the international steering and
sailing rules, from the Order in Council, dated 14th day of August 1879. In
inaking balls or shapes for the above purposes in the ordinary way they would
havo to be made either of a rigid substance or of a flexible material, and inflated
when required for use, the objection to the former method being that the said
balls or shapes would require too much space on the vessel when out of use (the
said rules requiring that there should be three of them two feet in diameter each),
and the objection to the latter method being that they must necessarily be made of
air proof material, and have inlet valves, which would make them costly as well as
being liable to get out of order. Now according to this Invention the above objections
are entirely obviated. In constructing a ball (for example) according to this
Invention I make a skeleton which may be composed of rigid rings of different
diameters. These rings are fastened either inside or outside the ball, which is
composed of any suitable flexible material, having a hole, preferably at the bottom,
for the admission of air, and having a handle, loop, or other fastening at the top
and bottom of said ball. Upon pulling or hauling up balls constructed as afore-
said, and having them fast at the bottom, the ball will open out and draw the air
in through the hole, and will not be liable to collapse, being kept open by the
rings or skeleton aforesaid. Cylindrical or other shapes required for these signals
may be made on the same principle, opening and closing like an accordian, the air
being expelled through the aforesaid hole. The ball or shape may be made with
or without an internal valves, similar to a bellows valve.