IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING, STAINING, AND DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR BLEACHING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of Grovo House, Dewsbury, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR DYEING, STAINING, AND DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE
SUBSTANCES, AND FOR BLEACHING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 29th April 1873, and dated the 20th January 1873.

page_text: avoiding the winceing of piece goods; also the working and opening out
of the piece goods by hand with sticks as they revolve over the wince,
which are now fixed over dye vessels, preventing hawking of piece goods
and wool, and facilitating the process of dyeing piece goods by forming
a hollow or solid shaft, round which is a grooved thread or spiral screw,
in the same way as a nut is made to rise or descend or the screw thread
of a bolt. At the bottom of this hollow or solid shaft are fixed two
collars forming a neck betwixt the two; on this neck I fix a large
pierced wheel or plate, made round, oval, or any other shape, mado of
copper or any suitable material, having a set screw or pin working
through the collar of this wheel or plate so that it can be made
stationary, or allowed freely to work round. This wheel or plate contains
a number of pierced holes, through some of the holes small hooks are
placed attached to a spring placed on the outer side of the wheel or
plate, a second and similar wheel or plate to the one fixed betwixt the
two collars at the bottom of the hollow or solid shaft works freely on the
spiral thread or screw of the hollow or solid shaft, so that it is easily
adjusted to any required breadth of piece goods or yarns. The two
wheels or plates are placed apart from each other according to the
breadth of the piece to be dyed or stained, bleached or dried. Those
wheels or plates are fixed in an exact position one with the other,
making them fast to the hollow or solid shaft with set screws working
through the collars of the wheels or plates. Attached to a projecting
collar on the inside of each wheel or plate are two chains, which chain
links have holes through, or a projecting loop or staple is fixed in each
link or chain; a groove is sunk on the side of each link of chain, and
teeth or pegs stand up in the grooved part. In order to charge this
machinery with piece goods for dyeing, bleaching, or drying, the hollow
or solid shaft ends rest on a frame in bearers or necks in a horizontal
position, so that it is easily made to revolve while attaching or unhooking
piece goods, and the shaft wheels or plates and chains are put in motion
by hand or power. Or the springs compressed on the back of the wheels
or plates by means of a guide made in the form of a pitchfork, stretching
across the pierced wheels or plates, to which guide is fixed a wheel
working on the inside of the wheels or plates, and as the piece goods are
hooked on to the projecting link and wound round the shaft, the guide
in the form of a pitchfork is elevated on the inside, and is also brought
in contact with the springs fixed outside the wheels or plates which
causes a sliding spring link to project on the inside of each wheel or

page_text: plate, which link contains teeth or pegs fixed on the grooved part to
hook on the piece goods, and carry them round the shaft; each spring
link is held in its place by the guide until the piece is hooked on to the
grooved part of the link, and is carried round in a spiral form, keeping
the piece goods in a firm position, the thickness of the chain or slide
spring links forms divisions between the piece goods, so that the dye
liquid when boiling flows up and down the numerous small passages
formed by the coiling of the piece goods. The two wheels or plates are
pierced with holes opposite to grooves formed in the chain or spring
links, so that the dye liquid rises up or passes down through the holes
in the wheels or plates betwixt the divisions of the piece goods, and I
prevent the piece goods from hanging loosely, such as one coil of cloth
against the other, and obstructing the passages for the circulation of the
dye liquid, and preventing the dye liquid from acting unevenly on the
piece goods by raising or screwing up the top wheel or plate on the
spiral groove or screw, so that the piece goods are stretched, allowing a
free course for the dye liquid, bleaching liquid, or air; or the pierced
wheels or plates are made to slide in a horizontal position on a fast
guard key fixed on to a shaft. Or I place a wheel with projecting arms
working on a spiral groove or screw, or on a shaft with a fixed guard
key of a hollow or solid shaft; each projecting arm has a sunk or pro-
jecting dovetail to which is fixed a kind of link containing teeth, so that in
winding on the picce goods they are supported by the projecting arms
and teeth fixed in the grooved side of the link. Those links containing
teeth are placed one over another so that divisions are formed betwixt
the piece goods. Working at the bottom of each dovetailed arm is a
screw to tighten up the piece goods fastened on to each link.
In dyeing animal and vegetable substances, such as rags, hair, wool,
and waste which cannot be suspended, I form the two pierced wheels or
plates into ends of a revolving cylinder by placing wood, copper, or iron
bars stretched across any required distance from one pierced wheel or
plate to the other, and covering over the bars which are placed round
the periphery of the pierced wheels or plates with network wire, or sheet
copper plates, forming the same into a cylindrical vessel with a door in
its centre for the introduction of material; the axis of each pierced
wheel or plate rests in bearers in the dye vessel, so that it is made to
revolve in the dye vessel amongst the dye liquid, causing the material
to turn over so that the dye acts evenly. In drying these picce goods I

page_text: work in connection with my Invention of improvements for producing
hot air, dated December 24th 1872, No. 3901, so that after the piece
goods are dyed and scoured they are dried while stretched on the drying
machine by forcing heated air with a fan amongst the folds of the dyed
goods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special
licence that I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING, STAINING, AND DRYING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR BLEACHING PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Rydill, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent ;
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention and in what mannan the como ia

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :—
This Invention consists in machinery and apparatus for evenly
arranging and exposing piece goods, animal and vegetable substances, to
the action of mordants and dye colouring or staining matters, and
avoiding the winceing of piece goods; also the working and opening out of
the picce goods by hand with sticks as they revolve over the wince which
are now fixed over the dye vessels, preventing hawking of piece goods
and wool, and facilitating the process of dyeing piece goods by forming a
hollow or solid shaft round which is a grooved thread or spiral screw in
the same way as a nut is made to rise or descend on the screw thread of
a bolt. At the bottom of this hollow or solid shaft are fixed two collars
forming a neck betwixt the two; on this neck I fix a large pierced
wheel or plate made round, oval, or any other shape, made of copper or
any suitable material, having a set screw or pin working through the
collar of this wheel or plate, so that it can be made stationary or allowed
freely to work round. This wheel or plate contains a number of pierced
holes, through some of the holes small hooks are placed attached to a
spring placed on the outer side of the wheel or plate, a second and
similar wheel or plate to the one fixed betwixt the two collars at the
bottom of the hollow or solid shaft works freely on the spiral thread or
screw of the hollow or solid shaft, so that it is easily adjusted to any
required breadth of piece goods or yarns. The two wheels or plates are
placed apart from each other according to the breadth of the piece to be
dyed or stained, bleached or dried. Those wheels or plates are fixed in
an exact position one with the other, making them fast to the hollow or
solid shaft, with set screws working through the collars of the wheels or
plates. Attached to a projecting collar on the inside of each wheel or
plate are two chains, which chain links have holes through, or a pro-
jecting loop or staple is fixed in each link or chain; a groove is sunk on
the side of each link of chain, and teeth or pegs stand up in the grooved
part. In order to charge this machinery with piece goods for dyeing,
bleaching, or drying, the hollow or solid shaft ends rest on a frame in
bearers or necks in a horizontal position, so that it is easily made to
revolve while attaching or unhooking piece goods, and the shaft wheels.
or plates and chains are put in motion by hand or power. Or the
springs are pressed on the back of the wheels or plates by means of a
guide made in the form of a pitchfork stretching across the pierced

page_text: wheels or plates, to which guide is fixed a wheel working on the inside
of the wheels or plates, and as the piece goods are hooked on to the pro-
jecting link and wound round the shaft, the guide in the form of a
pitchfork is elevated on the inside, and is also brought in contact with
the springs fixed outside the wheels or plates which causes a sliding
spring link to project on the inside of each wheel or plate, which link
contains teeth or pegs fixed on the grooved part to hook on the picco
goods and carry them round the shaft; each spring link is held in its
place by the guide until the piece is hooked on to the grooved part of
the link, and is carried round in a spiral form, keeping the piece goods
in a firm position; the thickness of the chain or slide spring links forms
divisions betwixt the piece goods, so that the dye liquid when boiling
flows up and down the numerous small passages formed by the coiling
of the piece goods, the two wheels or plates are pierced with holes
opposite to grooves formed in the chain or spring links, so that the dye
liquid rises up or passes down through the holes in the wheels or plates
betwixt the divisions of the pieco goods, and I prevent the piece goods.
from hanging loosely, such as one coil of cloth against the other, and
obstructing the passages for the circulation of the dye liquid, and
preventing the dye liquid from acting unevenly on the piece goods by
raising or screwing up the top wheel or plate on the spiral groove or
screw, so that the piece goods are stretched, allowing a free course for
the dye liquid, bleaching liquid, or air; or the pierced wheels or plates
are made to slide in a horizontal position on a fast guard key fixed on to
a shaft. Or I place two wheels with projecting arms working on a
spiral groove or screw, or on a shaft, with a fixed guard key of a hollow
or solid shaft; each projecting arm has a sunk or projecting dovetail, to
which is fixed a kind of link containing teeth, so that in winding on the
piece goods they are supported by the projecting arms and teeth fixed
in the grooved side of the link. Those links containing teeth are placed
one over another, so that divisions are formed betwixt the piece goods.
Working at the bottom of each dovetailed arm is a screw to tighten up
the piece goods fastened on to each link.
In dyeing animal and vegetable substances, such as rags, hair, wool,
and waste, which cannot be suspended, I form the two pierced wheels or
plates into ends of a revolving cylinder by placing wood, copper, or iron
bars stretched across any required distance from one pierced wheel or
plate to the other, and covering over the bars which are placed round

page_text: the periphery of the pierced wheels or plates with network wire, or shect
copper plates forming the same into a cylindrical vessel with a door in
its centre for the introduction of material, the axis of each pierced wheel
or plate rests in bearers in the dye vessel so that it is made to revolve in
the dye vessel amongst the dye liquid, causing the material to turn over
so that the dye acts evenly. In drying these piece goods I work in
connection with my Invention of improvements for producing hot air,
dated December 24th 1872, No. 3901, so that after the piece goods are
dyed and scoured they are dried while stretched on the dyeing machine
by forcing heated air with a fan amongst the folds of the dyed goods.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is or may be carried into effect, I claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, —
First. A shaft containing a grooved thread or spiral screw on which
are fixed two collars carrying two pierced wheels or plates made either
round, oval, or any other shape, one stationary betwixt the two collars,
and the other made to move up and down the screw thread to stretch
the piece goods to the required breadth.
Second. A chain link with a sunken groove for teeth or hooks, and a
spring to press the links and teeth or hooks forwards when winding on
the piece goods.
Third. Two wheels and projecting arms with a sunk or projecting
dovetail working on the spiral scrow thread shaft.
Fourth. A revolving pierced cylinder for drying short material, all as
more fully described in this Specification.
=
In witness whercof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of