IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING CERTAIN COLOURS ON COTTON YARNS AND FABRICS to be ass
Year: 1884

page_text: I FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, Lancashire, Dyer, and Calico
Printer do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING CERTAIN COLOURS ON COTTON YARNS AND FABRICS to be as follows:-
"
My improvements relate to dyeing cotton yarns and fabrics certain fast and
permanent colours, varying in shade from an olive to a brown, and this I
accomplish by fixing upon the yarns or fabrics mixtures of oxide of chromium
and oxide of iron varying in relative proportions according to the shades of colour
required.
In carrying my invention into effect I take a solution of chrome alum at
10 to 15 degrees of Twaddles Hydrometer, but any other soluble salt of oxide
of chromium will answer the purpose, and mix therewith a solution of sulphate
of iron, or any other soluble salt of iron capable of being precipitated with
an alkali. The solution may be more or less strong according to the colour
desired.
The yarns or fabrics are impregnated with the mixed solution named above,
and are then passed through an alkali such as ammonia, soda, or potash or their
carbonates; they are then washed and dried.
If the shade of colour is not dark enough the operation is repeated as often as
necessary, and if a very dark shade is required I dry the yarns or fabrics before
passing them through the alkali.

page_text: VL Accrington,
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING CERTAIN COLOURS ON COTTON YARNS AND FABRICS, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to_be_particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
My improvements relate to dyeing cotton yarns and fabrics certain fast and
permanent colours varying in shades from an olive to a brown, and this I
accomplish by fixing upon the yarns or fabrics oxides of chromium and iron
-varying in relative proportions according to-the-shade-required.
In carrying my Invention into effect I take a solution of chrome alum or any
-other-soluble-salt-of-chromium-and-mix-therewith-a-solution-of-sulphate-of-iron-
or any other soluble salt of iron capable of being precipitated with an alkali.
After-the-yarn-or-fabrics-have-been-boiled-in-weak-soda-ash-and-washed-in-the-
ordinary way well understood by Dyers for the purpose of freeing them from all
impurities and the excess of water has been extracted, the yarns or fabrics are
impregnated with the mixed solutions of chromium and iron salts.
1
For an olive shade I take five gallons of a solution of chrome alum at ten
degrees of Twaddle's hydrometer or an equivalent quantity of acetate of chromium
or chloride of chromium or any other soluble salt of chromium and mix therewith
one gallon of a solution of sulphate of protoxide of iron containing one and half
pounds weight Avoirdupois of the sulphate per gallon or an equivalent quantity
of any other soluble salt of iron such as the acetate or common iron liquor.
For brown shades I increase the quantity of the iron salt according to the shade
required and extract or squeeze out the excess of the liquid in the case of yarns
by wringing and in the case of fabrics by passing them between two rollers or in
any other suitable manner. The yarns or fabrics are then passed through a
solution of soda at four or more degrees of Twaddle's hydrometer; this solution
I prefer to use at 140° to 150° (one hundred and forty degrees to one hundred and
fifty degrees) Fahrenheit but a higher or lower temperature does not materially
affect the result.
In place of soda, potash, ammonia, or their carbonates may be used. If ammonia
is used it must be applied cold or nearly so.
After coming out of the soda or other alkaline solution the yarns or fabrics are
washed in water and then dried but if the colour is found too pale the process may
be repeated a second or third time until the shade is dark enough. For very full
shades I prefer to dry the yarn and fabrics before impregnating thom with the
wixed solution of chromium and iron salt and dry then again after being
impregnated by running them over drying cylinders or in any other suitable
way. In this case in order to prevent the yarns or fabrics from being injured
during the drying operation I prefer to use acetate of chromium or a mixture
of acetate of chromium and chrome alum and acetate of iron at ten to fifteen

page_text: degrees of Twaddle's hydromoter according to the shade desired. After being
dried the yarns or fabrics are passed through the solution of soda or other alkali
as stated above.
If the dry yarns or fabrics where the acetate of chromium has been used are
steamed the passage through soda may be dispensed with, but I prefer to pass
them through the alkaline solution.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the particular proportions or strengths
of the materials employed, nor to the exact mode or order of proceeding as
described herein but I declaro that what I claim is
Dyeing certain fast and permanent colours on cotton yarns and fabrics by fixing
upon the said yarns or fabrics a mixture of oxide of chromium and oxide of iron,
substantially in the manner described.
H. B. BARLOW,
Agent for Applicant,
4, Mansfield Chambers,
17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester.