Improvements in Weaving Seamless Bags, Pockets, and similar Articles.
Year: 1889

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Weaving Seamless Bags, Pockets, and similar
Articles.
I, ABRAM DAVID EMERY of the city of Taunton, in the county of Bristol, and State
of Massachusetts, U.S.A. Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to weaving seamless bags, pockets and similar articles
at an increased rate of speed as compared with existing methods and of superior
excellence.
I use two shuttles and two weft threads, which simultaneously pass through different
parts of the bag or pocket at all times, one forming one side while the other forms
the other side or both being interlaced with all the chain threads to form the closed
ends, top or bottom of the bag or pocket.
My loom is organized to weave two fabrics side by side forming the two sides
of the bag or pocket or at will to weave a single fabric of double weight goods
containing both weft threads and forming the closed ends, top and bottom of the
seamless article.
Each pick, that is each double trail of weft laid in at each simultaneous passage of
the two shuttles, contains the two weft threads cach occupying approximately a half
of the length of each pick.
These weft threads are transferred at each pick or each second pick, as the case
may be, at one side or both sides of the loom to opposite sides of the bag or
pocket, so that one weft is on one side while the other weft is on the other and
they reverse their positions in this respect either at every pick or every second pick,
according to the particular method adopted of closing the ends, top and bottom
of the article.
My present invention is a special application of the general principles of weaving
as fully explained in another application filed by me of even date herewith, No. 18034
of 1889, to which reference is here made for fuller information.
It is only necessary to add that the same weft thread may be always on the
outsides at the transfer by always passing that weft thread next the cloth in
transferring but this is not essential.
The general disposition of the loom is seen in Figures 1-4, showing the formation
of, two paths or sheds in the chain threads which are arranged in series of four and
indicated at 1-2-3-4. The chain threads being shed in the body of the article
to form two separate plain one ply fabrics, constituting the sides of the article
and being shed at the junction of the sides to form a single fabric of double weight
goods.
The shuttle boxes 7 and 8, at the front or rear of the loom or at both front and rear,
are reversible, so that a weft having passed through one side of the article at one pick
will pass through opposite side at the next pick.
This transfer of wefts at either or both sides of the loom, has the effect of closing
one or both ends of the article the wefts passing each other and forming a continuous
fabric at these points and in so passing, they cross each other over and under between
the two outside chain threads on that side of the loom.
The shuttles always move in the same direction in the loom, from side to side,
returning in the same side or opposite sides of the article as they are or are not
transferred and the weaving is continuous having the effect of producing an endless
chain of bags or similar articles, which are separately obtained by cutting across the
chain threads.
The bag illustrated in Figures 21-27, is woven with the mouth on one side of

page_text: the loom, as side A, Figure 25 and the closed bottom on opposite side, B of the loom,
same figure.
The mouth is formed of two selvage edges, Figure 24 and closed bottom, Figure 27
is formed by the transfer of the wefts on that side of the loom to opposite sides of the
bag as explained.
The wefts pass to and from the selvage edges in same side of bag, each weft
remaining in the same side for two successive picks. At the other side of the loom,
the wefts are transferred to opposite sides, where they remain for two successive
picks and so on.
The ends of the bag are formed by shedding the chain threads, at suitable intervals
to form a single fabric all across the loom, by interlacing all the chain threads about
the two weft threads.
The sheddings for forming the body of the bag are illustrated in Figures 5-12,
showing the formation of two selvages on one side of the loom and closed bottom on
the other side.
and form the side L.
The chain threads 1 and 4 form the side R and
The sheddings for forming the single fabric is illustrated, Figures 13-20, all the
chain threads being interlaced about the weft threads by carrying the chain threads
from one path to the other in regular order, thus the thread 3, which in Figures 9-12,
was always on side L, is now alternately on side R and side L, passing regularly
through the four positions of (1), extended on one outside, (2), middle then (3),
extended on the other outside, then (4) middle; all the other chain threads passing
through the same sequence of operations.
The operation consists, in repeating the shedding for forming the separate
sides for the desired distance, then continuing the shedding for forming the closed
ends, (both ends being formed alike) for the desired distance and so on.
The bags are obtained by cutting across the interlaced portions as indicated by the
letters VW X, forming the ends of the bags. The bag illustrated in Figures 45-48,
is formed in the manner just described, except that the bottom of the bag is further
strengthened by binding the two sides together for a certain distance from the
bottom by shedding the chain threads to form a single fabric as described. This is
accomplished by shedding the chain threads (marked 1'-2'-3'-4'), on that side of
loom, in the manner in which the chain threads are shed to form the closed ends of
the bag, that is, these threads successively take the positions, (1) extended on one
outside, (2) thon middle, (3) then other outside and (4), middle, as seen in four
sheddings, Figures 28-31, the threads 1 and 4, forming one side of the bag proper
and 2 and 3 forming the other side.
The pattern draft or weave is shown in Figure 32, in which the crosses
indicate the risers or threads extended on side R and the dots, the sinkers or
threads extended on the side L, the blank spaces, indicating the threads in the middle
position.
Figure 34 shows the manner of drawing in the threads through the heddles.
Figure 33 shows the result.
By drawing in the threads as shown in Figure 44 and thus transposing the position
of the threads 3 and 3 and 4 and 4', I produce a fabric as seen in Figure 45, by the
weave indicated in draft Figure 43, the sheddings being shown in Figures 35-42,
wherein the threads 4 and 4 occupy the positious formerly held by 3 and 31 and the
reverse. The bag shown in Figures 58-62, is made by transferring the weft threads
at each pick to opposite sides of the bag, side R being formed by the chain threads 1
and 3 and side L by threads 2 and 4, Figures 49-56, showing the sheddings. This
closes two ends of the bag. The bottom is formed by interlacing the weft threads
with all the chain threads, in the manner already described. The body of the bag
proper is woven twice the length of a single bag, then the bottom is woven, then
another two lengths of bag, then bottom and so on; the separate bags being
obtained by cutting across the chain threads X between V and Y in the middle
of the bag proper, leaving the mouth with a raw edge and cutting across the
interlaced portion.

page_text: Figure 5 is a draft of the weave.
The chain threads run lengthwise of the bag instead of across as in last two bags
described.
The bags shown in Figures 73-76, is like the bag just described in its general
formation, except that the weft threads are not transferred at either side of the loom
but make passages back and forth in the same side of the bag at all times. The ends
of the bag are closed by the interlacing of a certain number of chain threads on both
sides of the loom with both weft threads in the manner already described, binding
the two sides into a single fabric at these points.
This is merely doing on both sides of the loom what was before done on one side in
weaving the bag, Figures 45-48, except that the weft threads are not transferred to
opposite sides of the bag. The method of drawing in the chain threads is shown
in Figures 71, and keeps the threads 2 and 4 on one side of the bag proper and
threads 1 and 3 on the other side, Figures 63-66.
The threads are all interlaced as before described in forming the bottom,
Figures 67-70. The weave is shown in Figure 72. The endless chain of bags is
woven and the separate bags obtained as before by cutting at A B CD.
In the hip pockets shown in Figures 90-94, the bottom and body of the pocket
down to the flap are made precisely as the bottom and body of the bag shown in
Figures 58-62, are made and need no further description, see sheddings,
Figures 77-84 showing four picks of formation of closed bottom and four picks
of formation of body proper. In the further prosecution of the method howevor
two flaps or extensions, one for each pocket seen in Figures 90-91-92-94, are
formed side by side by passing the weft threads back and forth in its own half of the
chain threads without transferring into opposite sides or interlacing anywhero across
the loom, see sheddings, Figures 85-88. This produces two plain one ply fabrics,
side by side, unconnected at either side of the loom. These fabrics may be cut as
indicated to furnish flaps as shown in the two pockets, woven mouth to mouth as
shown. The sequence of sheddings is first for the closed bottoms of two pockets,
then for the body proper for one pocket, then for two flaps, then for body of one
pocket, then for bottoms of two pockets and so on, forming an endless chain of
fabric, which is cut as indicated at V W Y to furnish separate pockets. Figure 89,
shows the weave.
The side pocket shown in Figures 108-114, may be regarded as being made up
of three parts, the part containing the mouth of the pocket and the parts above and
below this part, each closed at the end. These two latter parts are formed precisely
as the bottom and body of the pocket just described, that is the threads are all
interlaced across the loom to form the bottom or top, as the case may be, of the pocket,
see sheddings 95-98; the wofts each pass through a half of the chain threads to form
the two sides of the pocket, see sheddings 99-102, and are transferred at each pick
and on both sides of the loom to opposite sides of the pocket, closing the ends of the
same. In the formation of the third part of the pocket, containing the mouth, the
sheddings are the same as last but the wefts are only transferred to opposite sides of
pocket at each second pick, as they approach one side of the loom where the continuous
closed side is formed; they pass to and from the other side of loom in same path,
see sheddings, Figures 103-106, forming two selvage edges on that side of the
loom, which constitutes the mouth of the pocket. The chain threads are drawn in as
shown in Figure 111, placing threads 1 and 3 in one side of pocket and threads 2
and 4 in the other side. The weave is shown in Figure 107. The order of shedding,
is first for bottom of two pockets, then for closed part of one pocket between bottom
and mouth, then for part of one pocket containing the mouth, then for the
other part of one pocket, then for the bottoms of two pockets and so on, the separate
pockets being obtained by cutting across the interlaced portions A. B. C. The inven-
tion is not to be understood as limited to the use of the precise number of sheddings
herein shown and described, as the number of repetitions of any given shedding
depends wholly on the dimensions of the article desired and in no way effects my
invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
-
1.-I claim as my invention, the weaving of seamless bags or pockets, by using
two weft threads which approximately fill a balf of each pick or layer of weft in any
vertical plane passing through the bag or pocket.
2. I claim, transferring such weft threads at one or both sides of the bags
to close one or both ends, either wholly or partially, of the bag or pocket as
desired.
3. I claim a woven seamless bag or pocket, containing two weft threads which
run in opposite directions in such bag or pocket the sides and bottom of the same
being closed in the process of weaving.
4.- claim, the method of interlacing the chain threads with two weft threads
for the purpose of forming the closed top bottom or ends of seamless bags or
pockets.
5. I claim, the operations of interlacing all the threads and of forming two
separate fabrics connected at one or both sides of the loom or at neither side and
combining those operations in the various ways described, to form the bags and
pockets shown in Figures 25-47-61-75-93 and 113.
Dated this Twenty second
ABRAM D. EMERY.
Abel & Imray
Agents for the Applicant.
ABRAM D. EMERY.
Abel & Imray,
Agents for the Applicant.