matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENAMELLED GLASS TO RENDER IT MORE USEFUL IN PHOTOGRAPHIC ART
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Helsby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
January 1865.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE HELSBY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Photographic Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENAMELLED GLASS TO RENDER IT MORE
USEFUL IN PHOTOGRAPHIC ART," to be as follows:-
The practice recently introduced by me of polishing the surface of opal or
other enamel on sheets of transparent and colourless glass provides surfaces
well adapted for photographic pictures and impressions, especially those seen
by reflected light and known as positives. There is however a want of "depth"
"body" in the "ground" of pictures or impressions taken on the said
polished enamelled sheets, and to remedy this defect, or supply the desired
"depth" and "body," and to provide a smooth surface, are the objects of my
improvements. The opal or other coloured enamel and the glass are united
together in the process of manufacture in the usual way, but instead of the
glass to or with which the enamel is secured or made being transparent and
colourless I make it with a "body colour" of any desired tint or quality by
placing the proper materials in the "glass pot;" rose and cream will be the
most desirable colours when the enamel is opal, but the colours may be varied.
When the enamelled surfaces are polished the sheets are realy for use.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DRAUGHTING PATTERNS FOR COATS,. WAISTCOATS, AND OTHER CLOSE FITTING GARMENTS, AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN OBTAINING THE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Smith and George
Robert Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th November 1865.
We, JOHN HENRY SMITH and GEORGE ROBERT SMITH, both of West
Plumstead, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF DRAUGHTING PATTERNS FOR COATS,.
WAISTCOATS, AND OTHER CLOSE FITTING GARMENTS, AND APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
OBTAINING THE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The method of measurement we adopt in this our Invention is based upon
a measurement of the body of the person to be fitted instead upon a division
of the breast-measure as has been generally done. The measurements are
obtained by means of a ruler opening as a square on the edge instead of on
the flat side. This said square being placed with one leg under the arm of
the person to be fitted and the other along the back in a straight line, forms
a basis from which such measurements are set off as may be required, as, for
instance, the length of the back, the fall in the back and side, and the stoop at
the shoulders. Such measurements having been taken the draughting is
begun by laying down the dimensions of the square of the body or upper part

page_text: of the coat or garment obtained as above and setting off the various measure-
ments taken as above described. The square is then twisted round so as to
suit the shape of the lower portion of the person's body, while the upper
portion of the garment remains the same as originally laid down on the first
square; by this system the exact shape of the body is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nugent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1865.
I, JOHN NUGENT, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Shipwright,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAY TRAINS IN MOTION,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of simple self-coupling and self-disconnecting mecha-
nical parts or apparatus through or by which motion can be communicated.
from one part to another of a railway train to sound alarum bells, or otherwise-
to give signals.
To each carriage, at the side or top, or under the floor, there is attached a
tube or hollow rod, preferably made of metal. The said tube or hollow rod
which is not so long as the carriage has connected into, to, or on it at both
ends other pieces of tubes or hollow rods, and these are kept pushed out.
buffer-like by helical or other springs; the said end tubes or hollow rods-
carry at their extremities tongue pieces, so that when a train is "made up,"
or when two carriages are run together, these tongue pieces, which are narrow.
at their outer ends, pass each other and enter the end tubes or hollow rods.
on the carriages opposite to each; there is therefore a continuous line of.
tubes or hollow rods of the whole length of the train, and as the several tubes.
-

page_text: when so connected cannot move independently, but must move altogether on
an axis in the length of the parts, it will be seen that motion given to any one
of them will move the whole to sound any provided apparatus in the guard's
van or elsewhere.
To enable passengers and others to give rotatory motion (either a whole or
a partial revolution) to the continuous line of tubes or hollow rods and parts
thereto connected, I place in each compartment of a carriage a pull or push-
piece, and this I connect by rods, cords, bands or ropes, and levers or pullies
to the said tubes or hollow rods. If considered advisable, arms, flags, or
other means might be so connected with the moving parts as to show from
which carriage the motion was sent or communicated.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE AND OTHER BOXES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1865. A communication from abroad by Robert Augustus
Chesebrough, of New York City, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CARTRIDGE AND OTHER BOXES," to be as follows:-
The present Invention consists in a new and peculiar manner of hanging or
attaching a box made of a square, oval, or any other desired shape in and to
any suitable outer casing or frame, whereby the box can be easily turned within
its outer casing at pleasure, thus allowing the articles or materials placed therein
to be more readily and conveniently removed therefrom when so desired. The
above improvement is more especially adapted to boxes used for the carrying
of cartridges (whether fixed or loose) by soldiers in the army or navy. The
outer casing or box is made as usual with a swinging flap or cover secured
to the upper portion thereof, and fastened when desired by a strap to a fixed
staple of the box. To each of the end pieces of the box, and upon the inner
surfaces thereof, is attached a short pivot pin upon which pins hang a pair of
grooved plates attached to or forming the ends of an inner receptacle or box,

page_text: say, for containing cartridges. When thus employed the inner box is made
with upper and lower compartments either adapted for the reception of loose
cartridges or for fixed or metallic cartridges as may be desired. To the
inner box leather pieces are attached for the purpose of covering respectively
the upper and lower portions of the box after the manner of flaps, which fold
partially around the box in opposite directions, and have a strap for preventing
the moving of the box within its casing when it is fastened to the staple before
referred to. The pivot attachment admits of the inner box being turned over
at pleasure, and thus facilitates the filling of the same and the removal of the
cartridges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS... OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1865

page_text: I, EDWIN BYERLEY,, of Bristol,. in the County of Gloucester,. do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS...
OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to. certain. improvements in the means of affording.
communication between the various compartments of railway carriages, the
object being to enable passengers to escape from one compartment to-
another, or throughout the train, and to communicate with the guards in
case of danger..
I propose to form a recess, opening, or doorway in the centre of each com--
partment or division, in the upper part of which I adjust a window, swung on.
pivots or joints, so as to swing open in two directions; the lower or larger
portion of the opening is occupied by a falling folding door made in three-
divisions,, the upper division forming the panelling of the compartment, and.
the two lower divisions representing the cushioned back of a first-class
carriage. In second and third class carriages the division would all be
panel or woodwork. The sliding panel is made in one disjointed slide, and
works in a space between the seats and floor of the carriage..
The method of lowering the first-class cushion backs is as follows:-The-
upper portion of the sliding panel has a metallic plate, screwed on each side,.
and a vertical slot or groove is cut in the plate; the upper division of the
cushion has two bars or projections attached thereto, with pins riveted or

page_text: screwed thereon, such pins entering the slots in the plates; the back of the
descending panel has a curved or circular metallic projection affixed thereto,
which enters a cavity cut in the woodwork at the back of the cushion, so
that when the slide is being drawn down the projection causes the hinged
divisions of the cushion back to bulge outwards, and then to close together
flat down on the seat; thus a clear opening is effected between the compart-
ments, which space is further increased by the swinging window above.
Proper fastenings are applied, either bolts or otherwise, to attach the window
and door to each other. The ends of the carriages may be provided with the
same arrangements for escape; ledges or steps should be applied outside the
ends of the carriages, capable of sliding inwards and outwards to suit the
distance between the carriages, and hand rails or chains being applied in
addition thereto facility of ingress and egress between one carriage and another
would be promoted.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SHOE OR SANDAL FOR FACILITATING THE ART OF SWIMMING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Atkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1865.
I, AARON ATKINS, of Turnham Green, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SHOE
OR SANDAL FOR FACILITATING THE ART OF SWIMMING."
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of shoe or sandal
adaptable for use by swimmers in order to facilitate or increase their progress
in the water.
propose to form a shoe or sock of a light elastic fabric or other suitable
material closely fitting the foot, with a sole of thin gutta percha, india-rubber,
or leather, or even of ash wood; or a sandal may be made of any of theso
materials and tied to the foot. Under and in the middle line of the sole
lengthwise I attach a paddle, consisting of two wings acting on hinges or
joints, loose enough to give easy play; these wings may be made of thin metal,
such as tin or zinc, and may be painted to preserve them from rust; or they
may be of india-rubber or gutta percha strengthened by metal strips or
frames, or of thin ash. If wood is used the inside edges should be bevelled
so as to leave a slight opening for the entrance of the water. The action is
as follows:-When the swimmer draws his legs forward for the purpose of
striking out the flaps or wings of the paddle close together and offer no

page_text: obstacle, but on striking backwards the wings are forced open, and offer a
greater surface to oppose the water than the foot alone, and thus the swimmer
is enabled to swim faster and to a greater distance than otherwise would be
the case. He could also tread water with very great facility.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING THE TUBES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Soutar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1865. A communication from abroad by Daniel M°Dowell, of Kingston,
Jamaica.
I, SAMUEL SOUTAR, of Turnham Green, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
CLEANING THE TUBES OF STEAM BOILERS," (a communication to me from abroad
by Daniel M°Dowell, of Kingston, Jamaica,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for cleaning the tubes
of steam boilers by a jet of steam or other elastic fluid. The usual way of
cleaning tubes is by scraping and brushing them out by hand; this in
many instances is very carelessly performed and very often badly done. It
is well known that in many instances trains are not up to their time on
account of the engine being short of steam, and this very often arises from
the tubes not being properly cleaned out. This is a serious inconvenience,
to say nothing of the great waste of fuel, which must follow as a consequence
when tubes are not kept properly cleaned. By the use of the proposed
apparatus a set of tubes can be cleaned out in a few minutes, and done so
perfectly that not a single particle of dirt or crust will remain, and with less
than one-tenth of the labor that is necessary to brush them out. The whole
apparatus consists of a jet pipe about three feet in length, similar to that

page_text: used for fire engines, with a steam cock at the end next the hand. It is
connected to the boiler at any convenient spot by a few feet of gas piping,
with two or three bends to serve as union joints to allow the jet to be turned
in any direction. A second steam cock is placed close to the boiler to shut
the steam off from the pipe when not in use. When the apparatus is going
to be used the jet will be screwed on and the jet cock closed, the steam cock
next the boiler will then be opened, and the pipe will be filled with steam
down to the jet cock, the end of the jet will then be introduced into the tube,
and by a sharp turn of the cock a blast of steam passes through the tube,
and every particle of dirt and crust is driven out, the jet is then placed in
another tube, and so on until all are properly cleaned out.
AN IMPROVED FLEXIBLE SPRING WAIST FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin William Leslie Nicoll
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th April 1865.
I, BENJAMIN WILLIAM LESLIE NICOLL, of 424, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FLEXIBLE SPRING WAIST FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
At the waist, and between the inner and outer sole leathers, or in a groove
in the former or latter, I form a bed or space to receive a metal arch and
abutment, which I make fit and fix in the following manner:-I make the
metal arch flexible by preference of tempered or spring steel, and at a
short distance from the toe end I form a slot with an enlargement or eye
therein, which end I wholly or partly enclose in a flat metal sheath or case,
consisting of a plate or plates of metal, cut and raised so as to receive the
slotted end of the spring and allow room for it to slide backwards and forwards
therein, the other or abutting end being made of increased width and rivetted
to the heel of the inner sole of the boot, the forward end of the spring is held
in position by a stud fixed to the sheath or plate. This sheath is fixed to the
sole by rivetting, the stud being passed through the eyelet in the spring when
so doing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CISTERNS OR CHAMBERS FOR THE STEEPING OF GRAIN IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO. OTHER CHAMBERS OR ENCLOSURES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1865.
I, CHARLES EDMUND DAVIS, of. Walcot Street, in the City of Bath, and
County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CISTERNS OR CHAMBERS FOR THE STEEPING OF GRAIN IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MALT, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO. OTHER
CHAMBERS OR ENCLOSURES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to provide covers or shutters to the
surface or other opening of the cisterns or chambers in which grain is being
steeped for the manufacture of malt, such that will admit of the grain being
readily and effectually secured in such cisterns or chambers by an exciseman
or other duly appointed person, and yet admit of the operations of steeping
proceeding in the absence of such person. These covers or shutters are
formed by me in sections or divisions according to the size of the cistern
or chamber, or the opening thereto, and each section or division is composed
of a frame with wire or other suitable openwork, and when placed in' position
over the surface or other opening to the cistern or chamber, the locking of
one of them secures the whole of them. For this purpose each section or
division is formed to pass on to projections or into recesses by which it is
held, and when several of a series of them are thus applied, each one following

page_text: secures the preceding, and the last of them (which may be a central one) or
a portion of it being locked secures the whole, whilst the removal of such last
section or division admits of a slight shifting of others, and then the removal of
any one of them without the necessity for removing the whole of them. The
application of these covers or shutters is adapted to prevent the fraudulent
substitution of grain of one quality for that of another, and the means of
securing the covers or shutters is applicable to the covers or enclosing means
of other chambers or enclosures.
AN IMPROVED HAND-DRILLING MACHINE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April 1865.
I, JOSEPH WHITE, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HAND-DRILLING MACHINE,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention, which is a hand-power drilling machine for brass, iron, or
such other substances, is a portable instrument, whereby holes can be drilled
without the tedious and oftentimes difficult operation of the hand brace or the
more expensive steam-power drilling machine. It consists in a bed plate and
socket, the former to serve as a firm base for the machine, or as a support for
the article to be drilled, and the latter to hold the upright standard to which
is affixed the working machinery. This consists in an axle fixed in a frame
securely attached by bolts or otherwise to the said upright standard; on the
said axle is securely keyed a bevel wheel which works into another bevel
wheel fixed on an upright revolving spindle secured in the upper part of the
aforesaid upright standard and in the afore-mentioned frame. The upper
portion of the upright spindle is formed into a screw with a lever at the top,
whereby the drill may be lowered so as to operate on the article to be
drilled. The lower portion of the above-mentioned spindle is formed into a
socket for the reception of the drill. A guide may also be supplied to ensure
the vertical motion of the drill when actuated by the afore-mentioned lever,
and if thought desirable the upright standard and socket may be made in one
piece, whereby lightness and rigidity may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLIED TO POCKETS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF THEIR CONTENTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Francis Anderson and
David Durant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th August 1865.
We, CHARLES FRANCIS ANDERSON, of Finchley, Builders' Foreman, and
DAVID DURANT, of Colney Hatch, Builder, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS APPLIED TO POCKETS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF THEIR CONTENTS," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in fitting and fixing a hinged metal or other suitable
frame in the opening of a pocket, which hinged frame is similar in con-
struction to the clasp frame of leather bag frames and other bag receptacles
excepting that we modify it to suit the purpose of the pocket. For instance,
we make a slot or longitudinal opening along the top for a watch pocket, so
that the chain or pendant of the catch may pass or project out of the pocket.
When the clasp frame is closed the spring catch may be disposed in any
suitable position, but I prefer it at the end or on the rounded shoulder of the
frame in that position. The pressing knob releasing the spring catch is con-
venient of access for the wearer and inconvenient to be acted on surreptitiously.
We furnish the pocket catch frame with a spring, which has the effect of
throwing the closing or catch frame wide open, whereby to provide the wearer
with ready and convenient access to the enclosed pocket. The frame is disposed
inside the mouth of the ordinary pocket so as to be out of sight.

page_text: For access to the pocket it is simply necessary to press the spring catch
knob, when the pocket frame flies open and access is had. To close the
pocket it is simply necessary to press the hand on the outside so as to collapse
the spring frame. This spring frame may be of any suitable size or shape to
suit the purpose of the pocket to which it is desired to be applied.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CLARINETS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left
James Park at the
ΟΙ
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1865.
I, JAMES PARK, of No. 8, Grove Place, Brompton, in the County of Mid-
5 dlesex, Professor of the Clarinet, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CLARINETS," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvement is to facilitate the fingering of the note Aq
The inconvenience and difficulty of producing or fingering this note
in certain combinations on clarinets of ordinary construction is well known to
clarinet players. The first finger of the left hand has to perform the double
operation of covering its proper hole, and in order to produce the note A4, to
press on the lever end of the key, which closes by its own spring the hole
which produces Ah, thus causing a most inconvenient action of the first finger
of the left hand.
My improvement consists in the employment of a key which covers the A
hole, and which is kept raised by its own spring, and is shut by pressing down
the thumb of the left hand over the G
hole, and so that the Ah hole
is closed when the fingers and thumb of the left hand are off the instrument..
To produce the note At I keep the first finger of the left hand down on its

page_text: proper hole, and raise the thumb of the same hand from off the Ga hole, by
which I allow the key covering the Ah hole to open by its own spring. By
this means the note A
is produced and the fingering facilitated
in contain combinations
A COMBINED ADJUSTABLE SPANNER, TUBE CUTTER, AND PIPE WRENCH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Phillips Baragwanath at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1865. A communication from abroad by Henry'
Hitchings Baragwanath and Martin Van Wisker, of the City, County,
and State of New York, United States of America.
-
I, JOHN PHILLIPS BARAGWANATH, of No. 158, Upper Thames Street, in the
City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A COMBINED ADJUSTABLE SPANNER, TUBE CUTTER, AND PIPE WRENCH," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is the construction of an implement in
which are combined the properties of three distinct implements, namely,.
an adjustable or shifting spanner for screwing and unscrewing nuts and
bolts, a cutter to divide tubes into sections, and a wrench or tongs to screw
and unscrew pipes, couplings, and other similar connections; a slight altera-
tion only of parts being required to adapt the said implement to either of these
purposes.
My improved implement consists chiefly of a straight bar carrying two jaws,
one fixed and one adjustable, a cutting blade and gripper being provided,
which are capable of being attached to or removed from the implement
when required. When neither the said cutting blade or gripper are
attached the implement will form a light, strong, and convenient spanner,
capable of adjustment to suit any ordinary sizes of nuts or bolts. The straight.
bar is by preference rectangular in section, and hes screw threads formed for

page_text: a portion of its length on two sides thereof. The sliding jaw is provided with
a nut having screw threads which correspond with those on the straight bar.
By turning this nut the shifting jaw is moved nearer to or farther from the
fixed jaw, and the spanner is thereby adjusted to the required width between
the two jaws.
When the implement is to be used as a tube cutter the cutting tool, which
is provided with a long shank, is inserted into a small socket formed in the
sliding jaw. The length of the shank causes the tool to be firmly sustained
in this socket, and for further security the socket is provided with a spring
catch arranged to drop into a small recess formed on the shank of the cutter.
The implement is adjusted with the edge of the cutting blade against the
tube, and is moved round the said tube in the ordinary manner. The blade
is pressed up to its work by the nut before mentioned, which in this case may
be turned in the required direction by means of a small spanner.
In using the implement as a pipe wrench the cutting tool is removed, and
the gripper, which is also formed with a shank, is inserted into the socket
and held therein in the same manner as described for the said cutting tool.
The end of the bar is provided with a handle, preferably made of wood, and
securely held on the said bar by a screw, or rivit, or other suitable fastening.
In- PROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS AND MEASURING QUANTITIES THEREPROM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Conway Hine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1865.
I, WILLIAM CONWAY HINE, of Swineshead, in the County of Lincoln,
Surgeon, etc., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS AND MEASURING
QUANTITIES THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists (in part) in forming the upper part of the stopper
(i.e., the part usually taken hold of) in the shape of a cap to cover the lip or
rim of the bottle neck, such cap when removed from the bottle or other
similar vessel and turned upside down, will also form a cup or receptacle for
a portion of the contents of the bottle or other similar vessel, such cup or
receptacle is flattened sufficiently at the bottom to enable it to stand firmly by
itself, the part forming the stopper standing up from the bottom of the cup
or receptacle in the centre thereof. This stopper may be made to fit into the
neck or upper part of the bottle or other vessel by grinding or otherwise; or
the neck of the bottle or other vessel may have a ring composed of cork
or other convenient substance inserted in it to fit the stopper, the cup or
receptacle of which is marked on the outside or inside by engraving, cutting,
casting, or otherwise with any suitable indication or device, besides being
marked to indicate quantities, parts, or doses of the contents of such bottle
or other vessel, as, for instance, 5, 10, 15, or other number of drops, drachms,
grains, ounces, or one or more teaspoonsful, half teaspoonful, tablespoonsful,

page_text: pints, balf pints, or other parts, divisions, measures, or quantities; such cupped
or receptacled stoppers may be made of wood, cast or blown glass, or other
material, according to the use to which it is to be applied; or sometimes if a
graduated stopper is required for measuring vinegar or other liquid, the stopper
may be on the lower part or bottom of such graduated vessel.
Medicine is usually ordered to be taken by spoonsful, and the capacity of
spoons varies so greatly that frequently a larger or smaller dose is taken than
was prescribed, and when certain mixtures containing iron and strong acids
are measured in spoons composed of the commoner metals they chemically react
on them, and form new and in many cases deleterious compounds, whereas by
the use of my Invention an accurate and proper dose is obtained and the evils
above mentioned are avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IRON, STEEL, AND ALLOYED METALS FOR ELECTRO-PLATING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October 1865.
I, THOMAS ALLAN, of No. 1, Adelphi Terrace, in the City of Westminster,
Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF IRON, STEEL, AND ALLOYED METALS FOR
ELECTRO-PLATING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in preparing the surfaces of the metal to be plated so
as to receive and take on the silver or other metal without the intervention of
a third metal to produce a base or surface suitable for plating. After
"pickling," that is, exposing the articles to an acid solution for cleaning their
surfaces, as is well known, I place them in an alkaline or in an acid bath, and
subject them to galvanic or electric currents. On being removed from the
bath they will be in a fit state to receive the plating by the well-known
process for the electro-deposition of metals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTS OF MACHINES USED IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elee and Robert Cotton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
14th December 1865.
We, JOHN ELOE, of the Phoenix Iron Works, in the City of Manchester,
and ROBERT COTTON, of the Albion Spindle Works, also in the City of Man-
chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTS OF MACHINES USED IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the flyers used in throstle, doubling, and
spinning frames. These flyers are sometimes made with a spiral coil or screw
at the upper part of the boss to guide the yarn or thread to the eye at the
bottom of the flyer leg, and these coils or screws have heretofore been forged
with the flyer, consequently when the coil or screw was broken off the whole
flyer was useless; now, our Invention consists in making the coil or screw of
brass or other wire, connected by soldering or otherwise to the boss of the
flyer, thereby reducing the cost of production and rendering the flyer easy to
be repaired when the coil or screw is broken.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING,. DOUBLING, AND WINDING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1865. A communication from abroad by Arsene Luyssen. and.
Gaspard Andrieux, of St. Pierre, in the Empire of France..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING,.
DOUBLING, AND WINDING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of an "Improvement in machinery for spinning, twisting,
doubling, and winding yarns or threads, consists in the adaptation to the
thread-guide bar of the above description of machinery of eyelets made of
glass, porcelain, earthenware, or other hard, durable, and vitreous substance
in place of the metal eyelets or perforated metal plates now employed, and
which soon become cut, worn, and roughened by the passage of the yarn
through the same, so that the yarns or threads are continually breaking in
consequence of the worn and jagged nature of the holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING BACON-CURING ROOMS OR CHAMBERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Andrew Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1865.
I, ROBERT ANDREW BOYD, of 11, Duke Street, Southwark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING BACON-CURING
ROOMS OR CHAMBERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cooling bacon-curing
rooms or chambers. Heretofore bacon-curing rooms or chambers have very
generally been constructed under ground. In some cases these curing rooms
or chambers have been cooled by having ceilings of iron on which ice has been
placed, and in others ice has been placed within the curing rooms or chambers.
Sometimes also brine or liquid cooled by ice or cooling mixtures has been
caused to circulate through pipes within the curing rooms or chambers.
Now, my Invention consists in causing atmospheric air to enter a bacon-
curing room or chamber through pipes or narrow passages, cooled by ice or
freezing mixtures, by which the air is cooled. The atmospheric air is con-
stantly removed from the upper part of the bacon-curing room or chamber by
a fan or other suitable exhausting apparatus, and forced through the cooling
apparatus again into the curing room or chamber, and to ensure sufficient
ventilation fresh atmospheric air is introduced as may be required, whilst
part of the air previously in the room or chamber is allowed to escape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLY- ING COAL-TAR COLORS TO COTTON AND LINEN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Maxwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1865.
I, ROBERT MAXWELL, in the Employment of Messieurs Hay, Wilson, and
Company, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Dyers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLY-
ING COAL-TAR COLORS TO COTTON AND LINEN," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the applying of the various well known
colors derivable from coal tar to cotton and linen, in such a manner as to
render them more brilliant and permanent than they have hitherto been when
applied to such materials.
The Invention consists principally in preparing the cotton and linen, either
as yarn or thread, or when woven, for receiving the color, by treating it with
a soap, or with an oil in a more or less saponified state; and in practising the
Invention according to one modification, the cotton or linen material by pre-
ference after having been bleached is steeped in a mixture or combination of
train oil and soda, in which there are about sixteen pounds of soda for every
gallon of oil. The material is then dried in a stove at a temperature of about
180 degrees Fahrenheit. It is steeped twice or oftener in the oily or soapy
mixture, being stove-dried after each steeping. The superfluous oily matter is
subsequently removed by heating the material at a temperature of about 130
degrees Fahrenheit in a solution of soda, containing about five pounds of soda
for every hundred pounds of the material. The material is next thouroughly

page_text: washed with cold water, and after the superfluous water is wrung out of it it
is ready for the dye vat. It is preferred to mix the solution of the coal-tar
color with cold water in proportions to suit the shade required; the cotton or
linen material is then immersed, and heat is gradually applied until a tempe-
rature of about 160 degrees Fahrenheit is attained, when the dyeing is
completed, and the material is dried and finished in the usual way. The coal-
>tar colors may also be applied to the cotton or linen material prepared in the
manner herein-before described by any suitable printing or other process for
applying colors topically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, OR OTHER VESSELS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Crowe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1865.
I, CHARLES HENRY CROWE, of Lodowick Terrace, Gloucester Road, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, OR OTHER VESSELS,
THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of stoppers for
closing the mouths or necks of bottles, jars, or other vessels, the same being
applicable for closing or stopping the muzzles of rifles, fire-arms, and ordnance.
For this purpose I will describe the construction of a stopper made according
to my Invention, suitable for being used as a substitute for an ordinary cork
for stopping the mouth or neck of a wine or other bottle.
The stopper consists of a cylindrical plug, which may be made of wood,
metal, or other suitable material (but by preference of wood), and of a size
capable when ready for use of passing easily into the neck of the bottle it is
intended to close; this cylindrical plug is slit up or divided longitudinally
into two, three, or more parts (four being a convenient number) combined or
fitted together, and formed with a conical (or wedge shaped) hollow at the
lower end, into which a corresponding conical plug fits, having a stem or rod
which passes out at the upper end of the cylindrical plug, the upper end of
the stem or rod having a screw thread cut thereon to receive a screw nut,
which is prevented from coming off the end of the screw by means of a collar

page_text: or otherwise. The lower part of the cylindrical plug is covered with a
capsule of india-rubber or other suitable elastic or compressible material, so
that when the plug or stopper is inserted into the neck of a bottle, and the
screw nut is screwed down against the end of the neck or mouth, the internal
cone will be drawn upwards into the hollow conical chamber at the lower end
of the plug, causing the parts to be expanded outwards, so as to compress the
elastic capsule against the inner surface of the neck of the bottle, and thus
effectually close the same.
The position of the cone may, if desired, be reversed or other means may be
employed for expanding the divided or hollow cylindrical plug.
Stoppers of similar construction may be made according to my Invention
suitable for closing the mouths of jars or other vessels, or for closing the
muzzles of rifles, fire-arms, and ordnance.
IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE SUSPENSION OF CURTAINS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1865.
I, JAMES BADCOCK, of 21 and 22, Noble Street, City, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for an "IMPROVED METHOD FOR
THE SUSPENSION OF CURTAINS," to be as follows:-
An improvement in the method of fastening or suspending curtains of any
description by means of hooks (or any other metal fastening) affixed to a tape
or band of any material, by means of eyelets, sewing, or any other fastening
at regular distances, so that the curtain to be suspended may be sewn to the
tape, thereby giving greater strength and distributing an equal stress on the
whole of the curtain, being a decided improvement on the method now in use,
wherein the whole weight of the curtain being only on those places where the
hook is fastened to, the result is, generally, that it tears itself away from
the hook, and so destroys the curtain, and also through the hooks being
generally sewn on at unequal distances the grace and regularity of the folds are
destroyed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING AND LABELLING BOTTLES, JARS, AND. OTHER FRAGILE. ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October 1865.
I, GEORGE CLARK,. of No. 2;. Napier Street, Dover Road, Southwark,.in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING AND LABELLING BOTTLES, JARS, AND. OTHER FRAGILE.
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,. firstly, in fixing in cases, boxes, or other packages.
used for packing bottles, jars, or other fragile articles, bands of india-rubber
or other elastic material in one or more lines or rows so placed along and
inside the bottom and top or lid of the package as to pass across the body
and shoulders or prominent parts of the bottles or other articles packed in
sueh packages under the lower and over the upper tier or row of the articles-
so packed, the object of this part of my Invention being to compress and
retain the contents of the said package between the said elastic bands above-
and below the articles packed when the cover or lid is closed and fastened,.
and so as to keep the articles with the packing or wrappers around them in
which they may be separately enveloped in close contact with each other
and so prevent vibration. For the elastic bands in question I especially prefer
india-rubber tubes. Secondly, in a plug of wood or cork or any other material
somewhat in the shape of a decanter stopper to be inserted inside the top
of bottle envelopes, made of fibrous or other material so as to be tied and

page_text: securely fastened between the top ends of the envelope by the fastening
string which binds them together, the enlarged top of the plug projecting
outside the top of the envelope like a cork or stopper out of a bottle, so as
to admit of such top of the plug being used as a surface on which to stamp,
print, engrave, write, affix, or otherwise make apparent any seal, device, or
inscription which may be desired. Thirdly, in the formation of thin sheets
composed of tin, lead, copper, or other metal foil, or gold or silver or other
metal leaf, superimposed and fastened by pressure with or without the aid of
heat or with or without intervening cement on sheets of gutta percha, paper,
linen, or any other textile fabric for the purpose of such thin composite
sheets of the materials above mentioned being applied and used, and in the
application thereof in pieces of any required size or shape to cover the tops,
necks, or sides and corks or stoppers of bottles or other articles either by way
of closing and fastening the same or as labels on which any desired seal,
device, or inscription may be stamped, printed, engraved, or otherwise affixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS FOR LAMPS, AND OF SURFACES FOR REFLECTING LIGHT GENERALLY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Baugh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1865.
I, BENJAMIN BAUGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS FOR LAMPS, AND OF SURFACES FOR REFLECTING
LIGHT GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making reflectors for lamps and for reflecting light
generally of iron or other metal, first coated or covered with glass or enamel, and
afterwards made capable of reflecting light in the following manner :-The
reflector or the surface which is to be made capable of reflecting light is first
coated with glass or enamel. This I effect in the ordinary way, excepting that in
addition to the materials ordinarily employed in making the glass or enamel,
I employ oxide of manganese, either with or without arsenious acid or white
arsenic. The addition of the oxide of manganese gives a purple colour to the
glass or enamel, and the white arsenic gives an opacity. These qualities
enable me to obtain a better reflecting surface by the subsequent treatment
than could be obtained by a coating of ordinary glass or enamel. After the
glass or enamel has been fused on the surface to be made reflecting, and has
been allowed to cool, I apply thereto a solution of bichloride of platinum, which
solution I apply by means of a brush or in any other convenient manner.
After the solution has dried I subject the article a second time to the heat of
the enamelling muffle. By this treatment the bichloride of platinum is
decomposed and a brilliant reflecting surface of metallic platinum left on

page_text: the part or parts to which the bichloride of platinum had been applied. The
second heating of the reflector. or other article having only for its object the
decomposition of the bichloride of platinum, (which decomposition is effected
at a lower temperature than that required to fuse the glass or enamel,) I
keep the muffle during the said second heating at a temperature somewhat
below that at which the glass or enamel would fuse.
Reflectors and reflecting surfaces made according to my Invention are not
liable to tarnish, and may be readily cleaned by washing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- OF SHOP FRONTS AND OTHER SIMILAR PARTS OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reid Corson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1865.
I, WILLIAM REID CORSON, of the City of Manchester, Architect, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
OF SHOP FRONTS AND OTHER SIMILAR PARTS OF BUILDINGS," to be
as follows:
In constructing shop fronts and other similar parts of buildings it is very
desirable to obtain the greatest available space for glass windows and doors
with the requisite strength for supporting the upper stories of the building;
in order to accomplish this, I make iron story posts of the requisite form and
section to sustain the upper part of the building, and to fulfil the purpose of
sash bars, and when desired also to receive grooved stiles for receiving revolving
or sliding shutters, the glass is fitted against the cross flange of the iron story
post, and is held in place by a moulding or fillet or bead, which is secured to
the iron by screws or otherwise, or a sash of the ordinary form may be fitted
to the iron story post. In doorways, if desired, I secure the frame to the story
post, or when the door is set back from the story post I fit a sash between the
frame of the door and the iron post, either to the back part of it or to the
side of it as the design may require, also when the web or centre part of
the story post is cast with openings in it for lightness, I have it prepared to

page_text: receive glass in those openings. By making the top flange of the story post
of sufficient size to receive the brick or stone pier of the story above, I can
dispense altogether with a bressummer, or I employ a bressummer of smaller
dimensions, and its principal use is that of a tie, because by building the piers
immediately over the story post the weight is carried direct by the latter.