IMPROVE- MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PINS, BUTTONS, AND OTHER ARTICLES WITH METALLIC BACKS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isac Louis Pulvermacher, of Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PINS, BUTTONS, AND OTHER ARTICLES WITH
METALLIC BACKS."
Sealed the 26th September 1865, and dated the 28th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1865.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Oxford Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PINS, BUTTONS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES WITH METALLIC BACKS," to be.as follows:-
My Invention consists in fastenings for securing the ends of pins on
brooches and other articles, and for fastenings for buttons and other articles
with metallic backs. These fastenings are constructed, as follows:-The pin
is hinged in the ordinary manner to the frame; at another part of the frame
I fix a segment of a tube to receive the end of the pin. I form the further

page_text: end of the segment of the tube into a nut which receives a hollow screw; as
soon as the pin is placed in the open part of the tube the hollow screw is
advanced and the pin is securely fastened until the hollow screw is withdrawn
to release it, Instead of a screw and nut I sometimes use a tube with a
slot cut in it, and make this tube turn in a plain ring or bearing, The pin is
inserted in the slot, and the tube being turned half round the pin is secured,
Again, I sometimes use a hollow triangular box with a slot in two of its sides
for the pin to enter the box; I place in the box a triangular piston free to be
drawn to and fro. The piston being withdrawn allows of the end of the pin
entering the box, when the piston being advanced closes egress through the
slots, and prevents the pin escaping from the fastening until the piston is
withdrawn,
For fastenings for metallic buttons, or buttons with metallic backs, I turn
back a portion from the centre of the disc to form a lodgment for the round
head of a pin; I then stamp or form a groove on the opposite side of the
disc. To make the fastening, I insert the pin through the fabric to which
the attachment is to be made, carry its point to the corner of the opening
formed by the turning back of a portion of the disc, and bring the point of the
pin into the groove.
Another of my fastenings, which may be applied to various articles, is formed
to hold both the back and the point of the pin. The back of the pin is made
with a round head; the body of the pin is passed through a loop formed by
two wires or a slotted plate, and the loop is bent down so as to hold the head
of the pin between the body and the turned-down end. The pin moves in
the loop as upon a hinge; the point of the pin is secured by a spring catch or
by any of the other fastenings before described,
'
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, IBAC !
"LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, Her special licence that I, the said
Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PINS, BUTTONS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES WITH METALLIC BACKS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what, manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in fastenings for securing the ends of pins: on
brooches and other articles, and for fastenings for buttons and other articles
with metallic backs. These fastenings are constructed as follows -The pin
is hinged in the ordinary manner to the frame; at another part of the frame
I fix a segment of a tube or fork on which the pin rests. I form the further
end of the segment of the tube or fork into a nut which receives a hollow
screw; as soon as the pin is placed in the open part of the tube or in the fork
the hollow screw is advanced, and the pin is securely fastened until the hollow
screw is withdrawn to release it.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a back view of a brooch with a
fastening.constructed according to this part of my Invention, and shewing the
pin fastened; Figure 2 is a similar view showing the pin released. a is the
brooch, and the pin hinged in the ordinary manner at c; d is a fork to
receive the pin this fork is, by preference, formed out of an ordinary eye,
shown detached in Figure 3, bent into the form shown in Figure 4.. The
parte of the eye forms a nut which receives a hollow screw f with a milled:
head 93 as soon as the pin is placed in the fork.d the screw f is advanced to.

page_text: the position seen in Figure 1, and the pin is securely fastened until. the screw
is withdrawn into the position shewn in Figure 2. Sometimes, instead of
forming the nut e out of a portion of the eye or wire, Figure 3, I make it from
a plate, as shown in Figure 22, and hereafter described.
Figure 5 is a side view of a fastening composed of a hollow screw f
working in a nut e on the end of a bar h formed in a piece with the pin b;
the bar h is bent at i so as to form a spring, or the part i may be bent
upwards to form a hook, or the bar h may be plain, as in Figure 6.
+
Figure 6 is a modification of the fastening represented in Figure 6; here
the pin brises from a flat part j of the bar h, and the screw f is made with a
conical end. k is a disc free to rise and fall on the screw f; it is prevented.
coming entirely off the screw by a small projection l. Again, I sometimes
use a hollow triangular box with a slot in two of its sides. I place in the
box a piston free to be drawn to and fro; the piston being withdrawn allows
of the end of the pin entering the box, when the piston being advanced, closes
egress to the pin through the slot, and prevents the pin escaping from the
fastening until the piston is withdrawn.
Figure 7 is a back view of a brooch constructed with a fastening as last
described. a is the brooch, and 6 the pin hinged at c; d is a hollow box,
shown detached in side elevation in Figure 8 and end elevation in Figure 9.
The box d is formed with a slot e in its under side to receive the end of the
pin; one of its other sides is also slotted at f; in this slot a piston g on the
end of a lever / works; a spring i acts on a projection; (see Figure 10) on
the lever to keep the piston in the box d, as seen in Figure 7, except when
pressure is applied to the lever to overcome the pressure of the spring. To
secure the pin, press on the outer end 7 of the lever h to move the piston g on
the other end of the lever clear of the slot e; insert the pin through the slot e
into the box d; remove the pressure from the lever h, when the spring i, by
acting on the projection j, will return the piston g, and prevent the pin
escaping.
A modification of this fastening is represented in Figure 11; here the
box d is slotted only on its under side at e; f is a nick or transverse slot to
receive a projection g on a lever h, a projection j or the other end of which
is acted on by a spring i, which tends to keep the inner end of the lever over
the slot e. To secure the pin, press it down upon the projection g, which,
with the lever h, will be thereby pushed aside, and the pin will enter the
box d through the slot e; to release the pin, press on the end of the lever h
to overcome the pressure of the spring i, and the lever h will be pushed aside

page_text: to allow the pin to be removed from the box. Instead of the box'd, I some-
times make an open box by bending a plate into the form seen at d, Figures
12 and 13; this plate is, by preference, made in a piece with the shank k of
the fastening.
Figures 14 and 15 represent another modification, in which the piston g is
fitted on the end of a lever h working on a pin m in the box d; the lever h
is moved to and fro by a rod n running 'parallel to the pin 6 to the opposite
side of the brooch where it is formed with a button o; a spring p on the rod n
keeps the button pressed outwards and the piston g over the slot in the box d,
but on pressure being exerted on the button the piston and lever h turn on
the pin m, and the slot is open to give passage to the pin b.
with two prongs is used I employ two pistons, each working in
in the box.
Where a pin
a separate slot
For fastenings for metallic buttons or buttons with metallic backs, I stamp
or cut out a disc into the form represented in Figure 16; I then pass through
the aperture a of the part 6 a pin d, with a round or olive or other shaped
head; I next turn down the parts b and c, as seen in Figure 7, whereby the
head of the pin d is held as in a socket, and the part c forms a groove for the
purpose hereafter stated.
Figure 18 is a view of the opposite side of the disc, which forms the back
of the button when complete. To make the fastening I insert the pin d
through the fabric to which the attachment is to be made, carry its point
to the corner of the opening e, and bring the point of the piu into the
groove c.
Figure 19 is a section shewing a button attached to a fabric f. Some-
times I bend the head of a pin into a spiral with two twists and lodge
it in the part 6 of the disc, in the same manner as seen in Figures 17, 18,
and 19.
Another of my fastenings, which may be applied to various articles, is
formed to hold both the back and the front of the pin. The back of the pin
is made with a round head, as seen at a, Figures 20 and 21; the body of the
pin is passed through a loop 6 formed by two wires c, as in Figure 20, or
through a slot in a plate e, as in Figure 21, and the loop b, Figure 20, or the
slotted end of the plate e, Figure 21, is bent down so as to hold the head a of
the pin between the body and the turned-down end. The pin moves in the
loop or slot as upon a hinge; the point of the pin is secured by a hollow
screw f, or by a spring catch, or by any of the other fastenings before
described.

page_text: Figure 22 shows one of my round-headed pins secured to a plate of another
form; a slot is formed in this plate to give passage to the pin..
Figure 23 is a back view of a brooch or shawl fastener, showing the pin a
formed with a head 6 secured to the back of the brooch between two
lugs c, c, with holes or recesses in the sides thereof; the end of the pin is here
shewn fastened in the ordinary manner.
In some cases, both for fastenings for buttons and other articles, I form my
round-headed pin with two prongs. instead of with one, and then I provide
two seats for the points of the prongs. Figure 24 shews one of such fastenings
applied to a button. a is the back of the button; b, the round head; and c, c,
the two prongs of the pin; d, d, are two seats or catches for the prongs; e is
a small pin formed with a lump f and with a ball g held between two lugs h.
The pin is free to turn on the ball g to prevent the prongs coming out, or
allow them to be moved out of the catches d, d, by inserting or removing the
lump.
"
Figure 25 shows a similar arrangement to that in Figure 24, but with the
pin e formed without the lump f; Figures 26 and 27 show slightly modified
arrangements.
Figure 28 represents an arrangement in which the two prongs are pre-
vented coming accidentally out of the catches by a disc z with a milled edge,
'free to turn on a centre, and chamfered off on two of its sides. When the
chamfered edges come opposite the catches the prongs can be removed
or inserted, but when the full edges are moved opposite the catches the
prongs cannot come out of the catches. The catches and the hinge or
lodgment y for the pin are by preference all stamped simultaneously with the
disc x.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, constructing fastenings for pins of a hollow screw, arranged and
acting substantially as herein-before described, and represented in Figures 1,
2, 5, 6, 6, 20, 21, and 22 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second, constructing fastenings for pins in the form of a box which receives
the end of the pin and of a piston for retaining the end of the pin in the box,
substantially as herein-before described and represented in Figures 7 to 15 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Third, constructing fastenings for buttons and other articles with metallic
backs, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures 16 to
19 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth, fastening pins to buttons and other articles by means of a round
or other shaped head on the pin held so as to move as upon a hinge, sub-
stantially as herein-before described, and represented in Figures 20 to 28 of
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
I. L. PULVERMACHER. (L.S.)