IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter Klein, of Biala,
in the Kingdom of Galicia, in the Empire of Austria, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WOOLLEN CLOTH."
Scaled the 18th August 1857, and dated the 20th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Wilhelm Zipser and
Johann Peter Klein at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th February 1857.
WC, WILHELM ZIPSER and JOHANN PETER KLEIN, of Biala, in the Kingdom
of Galicia, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN CLOTH," to be as follows:-
The principle features of novelty of this Invention consist, firstly, in moving
the cloth to and fro with great rapidity by means of improved mechanism,
which causes the cloth under operation to pass over a carding drum or
cylinder, touching it once during each successive rotation thereof, and thereby
effecting the raising of the "pile" or "nap."
Secondly, in so arranging and actuating the carding cylinder, as that it
moves sufficiently slow to allow the cards to be changed during the operations
of the machine, so as to turn or reverse the teeth of the cards by simply
bending them in the direction that the cloth is passing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter Klein in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILHELM
ZIPSER and JOHANN PETER KLEIN, of Biala. in the Kingdom of Galicia, in the
Empire of Austria, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Lettors
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter Klein, Her special licence that wo, the
said Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter Klein, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter
Klein, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN CLOTH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter Klein,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and scals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or thom, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter
Klein, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The principal features of novelty of our said Invention consist, firstly, in
moving the cloth to and fro with great rapidity by means of improved
mechanism, which causes the cloth under operation to pass over a carding
drum or cylinder furnished with teazles, as commonly practised, which the cloth
touches once during each successive rotation thereof, and thereby effecting the
raising of the "pile" or "nap."
Secondly, in so arranging and actuating the carding cylinder or drum as
that it moves sufficiently slow to allow the cards or teazles to be cleaned by a

page_text: brush roller, and to be changed, so as to turn or reverse the teeth of the cards
or teazles, by simply bending the bars they are put on, and by renewing them
by other ones, according to the direction in which the cloth is passing, or as
may otherwise be found necessary.
In order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible, we now
proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to, the illustrative Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of
reference marked thercon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1 exhibits a front elevation of our improved machinery or apparatus
adapted for the manufacture of woollen cloth. Sheet 2 exhibits a side eleva-
tion of such said machinery. At each of these Sheets of Drawings we employ
similar letters of reference to denote corresponding parts, in so far as such
parts appear or can be seen at each of such said Figures respectively.
A, A, is the framing of the machine; B, B, the main driving shaft, working
in suitable bearings affixed to such said framing; C, a fast pulley, and D),
a loose pulley, on the shaft B; E, F, other pullies connected with C upon
a box, and turning all three together loose upon the shaft B for transmitting
motion to the pullies G and H respectively, fixed upon the shafts G', H'.
Upon the shaft G¹is fixed the brush roller I, and upon the shaft B the carding
drum K or cylinder with teazles is fixed. L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, is a train
of toothed wheels and pinions for imparting motion to the rollers T, over which
the cloth to be operated upon passes and is moved forward thereby, and
for imparting motion to certain other parts, herein-after fully described. U is
a lever for changing the direction of the cloth's movement through the
machine, said lever being connected for that purpose by its upper end to
the wheel M, by which such said wheel is thrown into gear either with
the wheel N or the wheel O, as desired.
An important feature in our said Invention consists in employing sharper
cards than heretofore, and in moving the drum upon which such said cards are
fixed slowly instead of quickly, as commonly practised, whereby the workman
is enabled to change the cards or bend or set the teeth thereof, when necessary,
without stopping the machinery for that purpose, that is to say, instead of the
carding drum or cylinder K making from 80 to 100 revolutions during the
time that the cloth is being advanced from ten to twelve feet, and thereby
not admitting of cards or teazles being used so-sharp as by our improved
system, we propose by our said improvements to cause from 120 to 140.

page_text: yards of the cloth to be advanced during the time that the carding drum or
cylinder K is being advanced one eutiro revolution every two minutes. The
teeth or points of the cards or teazles, according to our s improvements, wo
place about one inch asunder, instead of three inches, as commonly practised
in gig mills.
.
By our above-mentioned improved method the cloth is regularly and
uniformly operated upon, and the pile is gently formed. The quantity of
refuse wool flocks is considerably less by these improvements, the quality of
the cloth is less injured, the dressing thereof finer and more delicate; the
texture remains closer and the nap becomes shorter than cloth manufactured
by the means heretofore commonly employed. The wool flocks may be
removed from the cards, teazles, rods, or brushes fixed in a revolving drum I
enclosed in a box V, said box being made with a door W, by which the wool
flocks may be removed from time to time. The axis of the aforesaid drum is
supported by pieces a, a, which said pieces are capable of being raised and
lowered in the fixed pieces y, y, and are securely held in any desired position by
screws 1, 1. Instead of sewing the ends of the cloth together, as commonly prac-
tised, so as to make it into an endless web during the time it is being operated
upon in the machine, we employ wooden stocks, exhibited at Figure 3, of the
following construction:-W, W, are two pieces of wood; w, w, grooves formed
therein; x, x, steel points fixed in said grooves; X, X, long screws, of which
there may bo three or more passed through the picces W, W, arranged at
equal distances asunder. The ends of the cloth being placed between the
aforesaid pieces, as at Figure 3, and forcibly screwed together by the thumb-
screw y, will be firmly held thereby. The guide rollers T, over which the cloth
passes, should be so formed as to allow the pieces W, W, to pass freely over
them. The black lines represent straps or bands for imparting rotatory
motion to the respective rollers and pullies over which they pass. Z, Z, are
skeleton drums or rollers, employed for holding the cloth in proper position
over the carding drum. The drums Z, Z, are covered with shells or casings
7', Z, the outer surfaces whereof are roughened. The outer ends of each
opposite pair of the aforesaid casings are connected together by a piece of
metal fixed obliquely upon the axis of the wheel 2, so that as said axis rotates
it causes alternate reciprocating movement of the casings upon the drums Z,
and thus effects the stretching of the cloth in the direction of its breadth as it
passes over the said casings; 3, 8, are stopping wheels, which are operated
upon by the pieces 4, 4, connected with the lever U, according to the cloth's
movement; 5, trough, in which the cloth to be operated upon rises and
descends.

page_text: Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of our said
Invention of "improved machinery or apparatus to be used in the manufac-
ture of woollen cloth," together with the best means we are acquainted with
for carrying the same into practical effect, we would remark, in conclusion,
that what we claim as our Invention, intended to be secured to us by the
above in part recited Letters Patent, is, the general combination of parts above
described and represented, as constituting improved machinery or apparatus
to be employed in the manufacture of woollen cloth, as above stated.
In witness whereof, we, the said Wilhelm Zipser and Johann Peter
Klein, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-seven.
Witness,
OSCAR GULCHER,
WILHELM ZIPSER.
(L.S.)
JOHANN PETER KLEIN. (L.S.)
In Biala, in der Zinngiessergasse.