Improvements in and connected with Mortising Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 19th Feb., 1900-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1900
Improvements in and connected with Mortising Machines.
A communication from JOSEPH D. WOOD, of 256, Ellen Street, Milwaukee, in the
County of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, United States of America,
Inventor.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My present invention relates to improvements in mortising augers or machines.
and pertains to a machine or auger constructed to drill a rectangular opening.
The object of my invention is to provide a machine consisting of an auger
and chisel surrounding the auger shaped to cut in conjunction with the auger a.
rectangular opening, all of which will be fully described hereinafter.
The base of the machine consists of the two separated parallel beams, which are
adapted to rest upon the timber or other work being mortised, the same being
provided on their upper sides and at their rear ends with the vertical posts.
These vertical posts are pivoted at their lower ends to the outer side of the base
pieces, and projecting from the base pieces are the slotted segments. Passing
through these segments and into the standards are the clamping bolts by means
of which the standards may be set at any desired angle to the base for the purpose
of boring either a vertical or an angular openin as will be readily understood.
The upper ends of the standards are provided with reduced projections, which
pass through mortises in the ends of the cross heads which is held in position
upon the top of the standard through the medium of the pin. This cross head
is provided with an opening through which a screw threaded rod passes, and this
cross head is provided with a divided nut. This nut is preferably situated at the
underside of the cross head, and has one of its ends pivotally connected through
the medium of bolts to the cross head, and their other ends provided with pro-
jecting lips. Pivoted to one end of the cross head is a latch provided with a notch
which embraces the projecting lips of the divided nut, whereby the nut is held
closed, and may be readily opened by the lifting of the latch.
Sliding between the upper ends of the standards is a frame which carries a
rotatable rod, the upper end of the rod being screw threaded and passing through
the said divided nut. The lower end of this rod passes through the lower end of
the frame, and is provided at its lower end with a vertical socket. The rod is
provided with a bevel gear, and journalled at opposite sides upon the shaft are
bevelled pinions engaging opposite sides of another set of pinions. The shaft
is provided with a handle, while another shaft is provided with a pinion.
Journalled at a point above the pinion is a second pinion, secured to a shaft
which projects through the vertically moving frame and said shaft is made
rectangular in cross section, carrying at its outer end a crank handle. This shaft
is provided intermediate its ends with a pinion adapted to engage a rack carried
upon one of the standards. This pinion is provided with a ratchet and sliding

page_text: upon the shaft between the handle and the ratchet is a clutch. When this clutch
is moved inward in engagement with the ratchet it will be noted that the pinion
which is loose upon the shaft will be revolved, and that the vertically moving
frame can be raised or lowered by the rotation of the shaft. The object of this
construction is to enable the vertically moving frame to be moved upward rapidly,
and this is accomplished by opening the divided nut after releasing its catch which
will permit the screw threaded rod and its vertically moving frame to be moved
up and down freely as will be readily 'understood.
The auger, disc has its jupper end constructed to pass in the socket of the screw
threaded rod and to be held in position by means of a set screw in the usual
manner. The disc is provided at a point just above, the twist thereof with a
shoulder or sleeve, and above this point is secured a plate having its cylindrical
lower portion screwed into the collar.
The chisels have their lower ends made in rectangular form, and their upper
ends provided with reduced projections passing through openings formed in the
plate, and the chisels are cut away at their edges near their upper ends to permit
the outward passage of the disc. The upper ends of the chisels and their inner
sides are provided with shoulders which engage above the sleeve, and serve
together with the plate thereabove to hold them in their proper positions and
yet permit them an independent vertical movement between the sleeve and the
plate. The upper ends of these chisels project through the plate a suitable
distance in their independent vertical movement, and placed loosely upon the
discs at a point above. the plate is a second plate having at its upper side a
groove which received a series of balls. Secured to the disc above this plate is
a third plate, having at its underside co-acting grooves into which the balls also
rest. This plate is set at an angle so that as it rotates it given an eccentric or
up and down movement in relation to a horizontal line.
movement is conveyed to the loose plate which engages the upper ends of the
This up and down
chisels whereby as the bit is rotated, the chisels are given an independent
successive movement, whereby the operation of the machine is much easier than
if all of the chisels were forced at the same time into the wood.
Surrounding and sliding upon the lower ends of the chisels is a rectangular
collar, which holds the chisels in their proper position, and is provided at its
underside with the brads, to be forced into the wood and to prevent the collar
from rotating and consequently to prevent the rotation or movement of the chisels
whereby they are held in the desired relative relation. The collar is prevented
from dropping from the chisels through the medium of a set screw adapted to
engage a shoulder upon one of the chisels.
While I here describe four chisels, it will be readily understood, and indeed in
some cases I prefer to use an auger which is smaller in diameter than the opening
to be mortised, whereby instead of having the four chisels two may be used and
to extend around the sides of the auger. This construction is especially desirable
when small openings and small chisels are to be used, thus enabling me to make
stronger chisels than is possible where four separate ones are used. Also in this
construction, that is when small chisels are used the shoulders will be formed
upon the outside of the chisels, and a collar for holding them, in position, whereby
they embrace the outer sides of the chisels instead of their inner sides which
enables me to make stronger chisels than would be practical when the construction
before described is used."
Any desired form of fastening may be used for holding the base to the wood
being operated upon, but I prefer to use a clamp. This clamp consists of the
slotted bars secured to the frame and projecting outward to the side thereof.
The inner side of the slots in these bars are provided with longitudinal projec-
tions or teeth, and vertical bars provided at opposite sides with teeth, are adapted
to slide in the slots of the bars and to be adjusted vertically to suit the thickness
of the work being operated upon as will be readily understood. The lower ends
of these rods are bifurcated and receive a cam, and also a pivoted dog. By means

page_text: of this arrangement the pivoted dog can be forced into the wood for holding
the machine steady and in the desired position. The lower ends of the cam and
the dog are provided with interlocking hooks whereby an opposite movement of
the cam will withdraw the dog from the wood thus releasing the machine.
1000
Improvements in and connected with Mortising Macnines.
A communication from JOSEPH D. WOOD, of 256, Ellen Street, Milwaukee, in the
County of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, United States of America,
Inventor.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention relates to improvements in mortising augers or machines,
and pertains to a machine or auger constructed to drill a rectangular opening.
The object of my invention is to provide a machine consisting of an auger
and chisel surrounding the auger shaped to cut in conjunction with the auger a
rectangular opening, all of which will be fully described hereinafter.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine
embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same; Fig. 3
is an inverted perspective view of the top plate carrying the divided nut; Fig. 4
is a detail view of one of the chisels in elevation; Fig. 5 is a similar view of
the co-acting disc for effecting the vertical movement of the chisel; Fig. 6 is a
vertical sectional view illustrating a slight modification in respect to the manner
of holding the chisel; Figs. 7 and 8 are detail views of the clamp for holding the
machine to the wood being operated upon; Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are detail views
of the modification shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 12 is a detail perspective view of the
slide for holding the lower ends of the chisels in position; and Fig. 13 is a view
showing modification of the construction for operating the driving shaft.
The base of the machine consists of the two separated parallel beams 1, which
are adapted to rest upon the timber or other work being mortised, the same being
provided on their upper sides and at their rear ends with the vertical posts 2.
These vertical posts 2 are pivoted at their lower ends to the outer side of the base
pieces 1, and projecting from the base pieces are the slotted segments 4. Passing
through these segments 4 and into the standards 2 are the clamping bolts 31 by
means of which the standards may be set at any desired angle to the base for the
purpose of boring either a vertical or an angular opening as will be readily
understood. The upper ends of the standards are provided with reduced projec-
tions 5, which pass through mortises in the ends of the cross head 6, which is
held in position upon the top of the standard through the medium of the pin 7.
This cross head 6 is provided with an opening through which a screw-threaded
rod 8 passes, and this cross head is provided with a divided nut 9. This nut is
preferably situated at the underside of the cross head, and has one of its ends
pivotally connected through the medium of bolts 10 to the cross head, and their
other ends provided with projecting lips 11. Pivoted to one end of the cross head

page_text: is a latch 12, provided with a notch which embraces the projecting lips 11 of the
divided nut, whereby the nut is held closed, and may be readily opened by the
lifting of the latch."
Sliding between the upper ends of the standards 2 is a frame 13 which carries
a rotatable rod 14, the upper end of the rod being screw threaded and passing
through the said divided nut. The lower end of this rod passes through the lower
end of the frame 13, and is provided at its lower end with a vertical socket 15.
The rod 14 is provided with a bevel gear 16, and journalled at opposite sides
upon the shaft 17 are bevelled pinions 18 engaging opposite sides of the
pinions 16. The shaft 17 at the right of Fig. 1 is provided with a handle 19,
while the shaft at the left of this figure is provided with a pinion 20. Journalled
at a point above the pinion 20 is a second pinion 21, secured to a shaft 22 which
projects through the vertically moving frame and said shaft is made rectangular
in cross section as shown, carrying at its outer end a crank handle 23. This
shaft 22 is provided intermediate its ends with a pinion 24 adapted to engage a
rack 25 carried upon one of the standards 2. This pinion 24 is provided with a
ratchet 26 and sliding upon the shaft 22, between the handle 23 and the
ratchet 26, is a clutch 27. When this clutch 27 is moved inward in engagement
with the ratchet 26 it will be noted that the pinion 24, which is loose upon the
shaft 22, will be revolved, and that the vertically moving frame can be raised
or lowered by the rotation of the shaft 22. The object of this construction, is to
enable the vertically moving frame to be moved upward rapidly, and this is
accomplished by opening the divided nut 9 after releasing its catch, which will
permit the screw threaded rod and its vertically moving frame to be moved up
and down freely as will be readily understood.
The auger shaft 30 has its upper end constructed to pass in the socket 15 of the
screw threaded rod and to be held in position by means of a set screw in the usual
manner. The disc is provided at a point just above the twist thereof with a
shoulder or sleeve 31, and above this point is secured a plate 32 having its
cylindrical lower portion 33 screwed into the collar 31.
The chisels 34 have their lower ends made in rectangular form, and their upper
ends provided with reduced projections 35 passing through openings formed in
the plate 32, and the chisels are cut away at their edges near their upper ends,
as shown at 36, to permit the outward passage of the disc. The upper ends of
the chisels and their inner sides are provided with shoulders 37 which engage
above the sleeve 31, and serve, together with the plate thereabove, to hold them
in their proper positions and yet permit them an independent vertical movement
between the sleeve and the plate. The upper ends of these chisels project through
the plate a suitable distance in their independent vertical movement, and placed
loosely upon the discs at a point above the plate is a plate 40 having at its upper
side a groove which receives a series of balls 41. Secured to the disc above this
plate 40 is a plate 43. having at its underside co-acting grooves into which the
balls 41 also rest. This plate 43 is set at an angle so that as it rotates it is given
an eccentric or up and down movement in relation to a horizontal line. This up
and down movement is conveyed to the loose plate 40 which engages the upper
ends of the chisels whereby as the bit is rotated, the chisels are given an indepen-
dent successive movement, whereby the operation of the machine is much easier
than if all of the chisels were forced at the same time into the wood.
Surrounding and sliding upon the lower ends of the chisels is a rectangular
collar 45, which holds the chisels in their proper position, and is provided at its
underside with the brads 46, to be forced into the wood and to prevent the collar
from rotating and consequently to prevent the rotation or movement of the chisels
whereby they are held in the desired relative relation. The collar is prevented
from dropping from the chisels through the medium of a set screw 47 adapted
to engage a shoulder upon one of the chisels.
While I here show four chisels, it will be readily understood, and indeed in
some cases I prefer to use an auger which is smaller in diameter than the

page_text: opening to be mortised, whereby instead of having the four chisels two may be
used and to extend around the sides of the auger. This construction is especially
desirable when small openings and small chisels are to be used, thus enabling me
to make stronger chisels than is possible where four separate ones are used. Also
in this construction, that is when small chisels are used, the shoulders will be
formed upon the outside of the chisel, as shown in Fig. 6, and the collar for
holding them in position will be of the construction also shown in Figs. 6, 9,
10 and 11, whereby they embrace the outer sides of the chisels instead of their
inner sides, which enables me to make stronger chisels than would be practical
when the construction before described is used.
Instead of using the mechanism described in Fig. 1 for operating the screw-
threaded rod, the construction shown in Fig. 13 may be used, which is simpler
and yet in some respects not so desirable; this construction being old and common
need not be specifically described. In this event the mechanism for raising and
lowering the sliding frame, and thereby the mortising implement, is omitted,
the frame being raised by hand when the divided nut is opened for releasing the
screw-threaded rod, as will be readily understood. Any desired form of fastening
may be used for holding the base 1 to the wood being operated upon; but I prefer
to use a clamp such as clearly illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. This clamp consists
of the slotted bars 50, secured to the frame, and projecting outward to the side
thereof The inner sides of the slots in these bars 50 are provided with longitu-
dinal projections or teeth 51, and vertical bars 52, provided at opposite sides with
teeth 53, are adapted to slide in the slots of the bars 50 and to be vertically
adjusted to suit the thickness of the work being operated upon, as will be readily
understood. The lower ends of the rods 52 are bifurcated and receive a cam 54
and also a pivoted dog 55. By means of this arrangement the pivoted dog can be
forced into the wood for holding the machine steady and in the desired position.
The lower ends of the cam 54, and the dog 55 are provided with interlocking
hooks 56, whereby an opposite movement of the cam will withdraw the dog from
the wood, thus releasing the machine.
While I have here shown and described my disc as being used and especially
adapted to be used in connection with a machine like that illustrated in Fig. 1,
the bit is also adapted to be used in connection with an ordinary brace. The bit
can be inserted in an ordinary brace, and can be operated without the machine
before described, and I do not therefore desire to limit the use of my bit in
connection with the machine such as is here shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An improved mortising machine comprising a supporting frame, an auger,
longitudinally movable chisels arranged parallel with the auger, a guide for the
upper end of the chisels, a plate secured to the axis of the auger above the upper
ends of the chisels and at an angle, and a rocking plate loose upon the axis of
auger situated between said rigid plate and the ends of the chisels and adapted
to engage the latter for reciprocating them in succession as the auger is rotated,
substantially as described.
the
2. An improved mortising machine comprising the auger, the independently
movable chisels, the discs arranged upon the axis of the auger immediately above
the chisels, the same being mounted thereon at an acute angle, the bearing balls
between the discs the outer or upper disc being fixed to the auger-axis, and the
lower disc loose thereon and adapted to bear upon the chisel extremities in
succession, substantially as shown and described.
3. An improved mortising machine comprising the auger, the chisels, a band
encircling the chisels adjacent to their lower ends, the band provided with
members for engaging the work being operated upon to prevent its rotation, and
an operating mechanism, substantially as described.
4. An improved mortising machine comprising the mortising mechanism, the

page_text: base, laterally projecting slotted members at the sides of the base, vertical bars
provided with teeth adapted to slide between and vertically adjustable upon the
said laterally extending arms, dogs carried by the bars, and cams for operating
the dogs, substantially as described.
5. The improvements in mortising machine shewn in and described
reference to the annexed drawings.
with
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.