IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMING AND WHEELWORK OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND CARTS, AND OF LOCOMOTIVES AND TENDERS
Year: 1842

page_text: RALLI'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PANDIA
THEODORE RALLI, of *
, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Pandia Theodore Ralli, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Pandia Theodore Ralli, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Pandia Theodore Ralli, my exors,
adiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Isles of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF THE FRAMING AND WHEELWORK OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, WAGGONS,
AND CARTS, AND OF LOCOMOTIVES AND TENDERS," Communicated to me by a
certain Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Pandia Theodore Ralli, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Pandia Theodore Ralli, do hereby declare that the nature of the said im-
provements, and the manner in which the same are to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say) :-
These improvements relate,-
First, to a method of using and applying loose wheels to railway and other
carriages, waggons, and carts.
Second, to improvements in the construction of the framing for railway and
other carriages, waggons, and carts.
Third, to an improvement in the framing and wheelwork of locomotives and
tenders.
Fourth, to an improved method of reducing the shock or blow at short stops,
or in cases of collision on railroads.
Fifth, to a method of rolling the body of a waggon on to its framing.
And in order to give the best information in my power, that these improve-
ments may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will
proceed to describe the Drawings.
First. Method of using and applying loose wheels to railway and other
carriages, waggons, and carts, reference being had to Figure 1.-Instead
of making one common axletree for two wheels, as is usual in railway and
other carriages, I cause the two beams a, a, and b, b, to be tennanted and
fastened into the framework parallel to its sides, for the purpose of forming a
bearing to the pluber blocks, in which the unconnected axletrees c, c, d, d,
e, e, and f, f, rest, and thereby make them move quite independent of each
other. One or two or more pairs of wheels constitute a set, and every set has
its own framework connected to the adjoining one by the joint g, g. The body
of the carriage rests on one or two or more sets of such wheels, together with
their respective framings. In this way the danger of the breaking of an axle-
tree is avoided, the adjusting of the wheels is less difficult, the repairing
becomes easier, and the stiffness of the inside wheels in describing curves and
segments of small radius is done away with.
Second. Improvement in the construction of the framing for railway
and other carriages, waggons, and carts, for the purpose, first, of giving greater
steadiness and safety to railway carriages and trains in describing curves and
segments of small radius; second, for the purpose of making a whole train of
carriages, waggons, or carts on the common road follow the track of the first car-
riage, or the first pair of wheels, without a guiding or railroad; and, third, for tho

page_text: purpose of turning sharp corners with single waggons carrying long goods. The
principle feature of the framework of these carriages is, first, that the distances
from joint be always the same or nearly so, whether a carriage is composed
of two or more such framings, or whether the joints 9 connects one framing or
one carriage with another; second, that the lines drawn from point to point be
at right angles to the lines of axletrees; and, third, that the points of suspen-
sion of wheels fall on to the line of axletrees, or between two wheels. i, i,
Figures 1 and 2, are the lines of axletrees, perpendicular to the lines con-
necting the joints g, g, and the points of suspension k, k, fall on to these lines
of axletrees, or between two wheels, as in Figure 1. The principle being
clearly shewn, I wish it to be understood, that I do not confine myself
to any number or sets of wheels or framings, or parts of carriages; there
might be two or more pairs of wheels to one framing, and one or two or more
framings to one carriage, provided all these carriage framings or parts of
carriage framings be of the same length, nearly so, from joint to joint, and
the lines of axletrees perpendicular to the lines of joints, and the points of
suspension fall on to the lines of axletrees or between two wheels. Train
carriages constructed and connected on the plan described cannot run over the
rails, nor do they bear so much against the sides of them in making short
curves; the motion is steady and safe; if applied to common roads, whole
trains of carriages, waggons, or carts move without a guiding or railroad,
describing any curve or segment of whatever radius with the greatest facility,
all following exactly the lines marked out by the first pair of wheels; and
waggons carrying long goods will be enabled to turn corners with ease and
certainty.
or
Third. Improvement in the frame and wheelwork of locomotives and
tenders, reference being had to Figure 3.-The long end planks of the
framing are worked out of one pair. All the wheels have separato axletrees,
the same as shewn and described in Figure 1. The driving wheels bear on
to the long end planks, and the wheels for the tender work in a separate
framing a, a, and are connected to the outside one by the point band a
pivot at c. This separate and moveable framing a, a, is constructed on the
principle above elucidated, and enables the locomotive and tender to make
any curve; the motion is safe and steady, and the whole more compact.
The
Fourth. Improved method of reducing the shock or blow at short stops.
or in cases of collision on railways. Within the framework a, b, c, d, Figure 4,
there are several sets of springs kept in their places by the guides e, e.
pulleys ff, work through the cross ends of the framing, and are attached to
the adjoining carriage by the joints g, g. This safety carriage is intended to be

page_text: put between the tender and the train, or at any convenient place, and as
these springs can be considerably compressed, the shock or blow is smoothed
down to very little.
Fifth. Method of rolling the body of a waggon on to its framing, reference
being had to Figure 5.-The roller a, a, is fixed to a frame 6, 6, and placed at
any convenient distance from the framework of the waggon, the body of which
being packed at any distance from the railway may be rolled on to its framing
by this method with ease.
Having thus described the nature of these improvements, and the manner
of performing the same, I repeat that I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details as explained, provided the general cha-
racter of either part of these improvements be retained. But what I claim is,―
First, the construction of railway and other carriages, waggons, and carts,
with loose wheels working independent of each other.
Secondly, I claim the method of constructing carriage framings in one or
two or more separate and equal or nearly equal parts, connected by a joint,
precisely the same as described.
Thirdly, I claim the method of working locomotives and tenders in one
common frame, together with a separate moveable framing.
Fourthly, I claim the method of reducing the shock or blow on railroads by
means of sets of springs.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pandia Theodore Ralli, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 24th day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
PANDIA TEODOR (L.S.) RALLI.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of May,
in the year of our Lord 1843, the aforesaid Pandia Theodore Ralli camo
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
SCENERY ALICHOT