Scrapping, and Panning Machine.
Year: 1884

page_text: Scrapping, and Panning Machine.
I JOHN TYSON of Villa Mona, 35 Cressingham Road, Lewisham S.E. in the
County of Kent Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
AN IMPROVED QUICK-SPEED, BISCUIT CUTTING OR STAMPING, SCRAPPING, AND
PANNING MACHINE to be as follows: -
In all of the machines now in use for the above purposes, many of the necessary
movements of the parts requiring great accuracy, are performed by mechanical
motions and gearing, which are at once heavy, cumbersome, and require considerable
force to operate, and can only with difficulty be regulated to a rough approximation
of exactness.
These objections I effectually remove by the construction of an almost entirely
new machine; the novel parts of which alone, I now describe.
Firstly-For the performance of the most important of the machine's duties,
namely, the cutting or stamping; I place on the main or driving shaft, two equal
excentrics or cams, for the purpose of actuating, in a direct manner, the cross-head
or bar carrying the cutters or stamps. The covers or straps of these excentrics or
suitably formed cams, being either springs themselves, or so held in their positions
by springs at their connections, in such a way, that when the cross-head is down,
and the stamp or cutter fully pressing upon the dough, there may be sufficient
elasticity in the said springs, to produce a sensible stop, or greatly reduced speed
in the movement of the cross-head or cutter carrying bar.
I am thus enabled to allow the driving shaft to have a quick motion, and yet
the cutters or stamps upon the cross-head or bar, when in the act of cutting out the
dough, will be brought gradually to rest with increasing pressure; the driving
excentrics or cains being employed at that period of their revolution, in compressing
the before mentioned springs connecting or acting upon the straps or covers of the
above named excentrics or cams; no sooner however is that point passed, than the
motion is again imparted so as to quickly lift the said cross-head, cutter bar, or
stamp from the dough. The operation then of this, a vital or important part of
my improved machine, is that the cutters are brought quickly to the dough, and
will remain long enough in contact with it under an increasing pressure, thereby
ensuring that the dough is effectually cut through, and a good impression made by

page_text: the stamp or die on the biscuits or dough; after which as aforesaid the cross-head
is as quickly lifted, and the end desired is attained in a greatly improved manner.
Secondly-Another part of such machines, I improve, by placing upon the same
main or driving shaft as the excentrics or cams are on, and between the sides or
frames of the machine; an elongated, fixed and conical drum or pulley, for the
purpose of driving by a belt, another similar conical drum or pulley fixed upon
a shaft connected by friction, toothed or other gearing, to the shafts of the feeding
rollers of the machine; so that the speed of these feeding rollers may be varied at
pleasure, by moving with suitable guides the above named belt to and fro upon
the said drums, which being placed, as is obvious in opposite directions end for
end, the belt is kept constantly in the like tightness at any part of the drums.
By this means the constant motion of the feeding-rollers, may be regulated very
easily and with the greatest nicety, to suit the different lengths of skip of the web
or canvas, upon which the dough is delivered by the feeding rollers; such skip
having to vary very considerably according to the different shapes and sizes of the
biscuits to be made.
Now the mode or manner of securing or performing this skip, which is also very
important, so as to reduce to a minimum the amount of scrap made by the machine,
constitutes the third improvement I have made in this my invention, and that is,
instead of the usual pawls and toothed ratchet wheels, which cannot in the nature
of things be regulated beyond a certain limit of exactness; to the shafts of the
rollers or drums driving the webs, or canvas dough carriers, I apply the silent feed
motion, well known in mechanical circles as "Worrsams silent-feed," which being
actuated by adjustable levers, suitably arranged, effectually secures that the
aforesaid skip of the webs may be attained to the utmost degree of exactness
desired for the varying shapes and sizes of biscuits or other articles required.
Another modification or improvement that may be added, if necessary, conse-
quent upon the before named improvements; is that the cutting and panning webs
may, if desired, be all in one length, and consequently can be driven by one
motion only.
1
1004

page_text: Scrapping, and Panning Machine.
I, JOHN TYSON, of Villa Mona, 35 Cressingham Road, Lewisham, S.E., in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"AN IMPROVED QUICK SPEED BISCUIT CUTTING OR STAMPING, SCRAPPING AND
PANNING MACHINE" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
In a machine, constructed according to my invention for an improved quick
speed biscuit cutting or stamping, scrapping, and panning machine, the dies, stamps
or cutters for stamping out or cutting the dough are operated in such a manner
that they are brought quickly to the dough and then remain in contact therewith
under a gradually increasing pressure so that the said dough is effectually stamped
or impressed and completely cut through, after which the said dies, or cutters are
quickly withdrawn.
The feeding rollers are driven from the main driving shaft by means of a belt
working on reversely placed conical drums having their axes parallel to one another
so that by adjusting. the position of the belt on the drums the speed of the feeding
rollers can be varied independently of the other moving parts of the machine to
suit the different lengths of the intermittent travel or skip of the web or canvas
upon which the dough is delivered by the feeding rollers.
The skip of each carrying web, that is to say, the length through which the web
carrying the dough is moved each time that it is fed forwards, is adjusted with
great exactness by rotating one of the rollers on which that web is carried by
means of a silent or clutch feed, such as that known as "Worsams silent feed"
employed in wood sawing machines. By this means, the skips of the webs can be
adjusted to the varying shapes and sizes of the biscuits or other articles so as to
produce as little scrap as possible.
Instead of employing separate webs for carrying the dough to be cut and to be
panned, a single web may be used and be operated by one feed motion, thus
considerably simplifying the construction of the machine.
Fig. 1. is a side elevation and fig. 2. a plan of a machine constructed according to
one modification of my invention.
The cutting or stamping dies are operated from the main shaft A by means of
two eccentrics or cams B whose straps are directly connected to the crosshead C
sliding in guides and carrying the cutters, dies or stamps. The straps surrounding
the eccentrics or cams B are either springs or are held in position by the springs b,
as shown, so that when the crosshead is down and the cutters, dies, or stamps
fully pressing upon the dough, there may be sufficient elasticity in the springs to
produce a sensible stop or greatly reduced speed in the movement of the crosshead.
By this means the driving shaft may be driven at a quick speed and yet the
cutters, dies, or stamps upon the crosshead, when in the act of cutting and
impressing the dough, will be brought gradually to rest with increasing pressure

page_text: thereby ensuring that the dough is effectually cut through and impressed; the
eccentrics or cams B, during this latter portion of the revolution of the shaft, acting
principally to compress the springs b. When the stamping and cutting is
completed, the eccentrics or cams quickly lift the crosshead with the cutters, dies,
or stamps from the dough.
The main shaft A is also employed to drive a shaft G by means of a belt E
working on conical drums D and F mounted respectively on the shafts A and G,
which are parallel to one another. The drums D and F are arranged with the
smaller end of one opposite the larger end of the other so that the belt E may be
moved to and fro along the drums by suitable guides L operated by a screw M,
and hand wheel N, as clearly shown, and still retain the same tension.
The
shaft G is connected by the pinion H and spur wheel I or by other suitable
gearing to the shaft J of the bottom feed roller K which is geared to the upper
feed roller. By this arrangement the rate of motion given to the feed rollers can
be adjusted independently of the other parts of the machine, whilst the machine is
still in motion.
The webs for carrying forward the dough between the different operations, pass,
respectively, round rollers O, P, Q which are each operated by a silent or clutch
feed instead of by the usual ratchet and pawl mechanism. Each feed mechanism
is actuated by means of a lever U pivotted at e and having three slotted arms,
one being operated by a crank pin on the main shaft A taking into a block
sliding in the slot in the arm f, and another 9 operating, through an adjustable
block sliding in its slot and a link s, a lever h carrying the clutch p'and having
arms i, j, connected respectively by links R, T, to the clutches o, q, of the
rollers O, Q. The adjustable block is operated by a screw mounted in the arm and
itself actuated by the hand wheel u; the adjustment being effected, if desired,
when the machine is in motion.
The pans W for receiving the cut biscuits are carried by the two endless chains a
provided with pins or hooks c which take hold of the trays when in the position
shown at W, fig. 1 and carry then along in the proper position as shown in fig. 2.
The roller P, over which these chain pass, is operated as described above by means
of the clutch p; and, in order to give an additional motion to the chains c when a
pan is full so as to bring the next pan into position, an additional clutch r operates
on the roller P and is operated from the third arm k of the lever U by means of
the link V. The clutch is kept out of gear with its pulley by means of a
projection on it bearing against a disc d projecting slightly from the pulley. This
disc is provided with two notches into which the projection passes when the
additional feed is required.
In making biscuits in my improved machine, the dough from the dough making
machine is received on an inclined feed table and is gauged to the proper
thickness by being passed through the feed rollers K, from which it is delivered
onto the travelling web m on which it passes under the crimping roller X mounted
on roller bearings. The dough then passes under the cutters, stamps or dies, after
which the scrap surrounding the cut or stamped dough is delivered onto a second
web n passing over the roller Q and so into a scrap box behind the roller Q; the
stamped dough or biscuits being carried along on the web m and delivered into
the pans W in which they are carried from the end of the machine.
The web m passes over the roller O, guide roller s, adjustable roller or knife t
for regulating the tension of the web, a second guide roller v, back to the roller O.
The web n passes over the roller Q and an adjustable roller w.
The belts or chains a pass over the roller or pulley P and the adjustable roller
or pulley x.
If desired, the web m and chains a may be replaced by a single web passing
over the roller O, guide roller 8, roller t, back over a roller such as P raised up a
distance equal to its diameter, then over an adjustable roller at x and back to the,
roller O

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a biscuit making machine, operating the dies stamps or cutters for
impressing or cutting the dough from eccentrics or cams on the main or a driven
shaft by means of elastic or spring connections substantially as described and for
the puposes set forth.
2. In a biscuit making machine, adjusting the speed of the rollers for feeding
the dough to the machine independently of the other going parts of the machine
substantially as described.
3. In a biscuit making machine, driving the rollers for feeding the dough to the
machine by means of a belt working on conical drums and arranged in such
manner that the position of the said belt can be varied with respect to the said
drums substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
4. In a biscuit making machine, operating each web or chain carrying the dough
by means of a silent or clutch feed substantially as described.
5. In a biscuit making machine, adjusting the skip or intermittant travel of a
web or chain carrying the dough by means of a block connected to the clutch or
feed mechanism and adjustable in or on one arm of a lever operated from a driven
shaft substantially as described.
6. In a biscuit making machine, operating the panning web by means of the
two feed motions substantially as described with reference to the drawings and
for the purpose set forth.
7. In a biscuit making machine, forming the cutting and panning webs in one
continuous length substantially as described.
8. The construction and arrangement of a biscuit making machine substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
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WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
156, Strand, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.