A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Beaumont, of Dalton, near Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN
FABRICS."
Sealed the 15th July 1853, and dated the 24th March 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Beaumont
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th March 1853.
I, JOHN BEAUMONT, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN
FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a new method of manufacturing certain
fabrics, such as velvet or piled fabrics, of whatever materials composed.
I weave two or more fabrics together at the same time, one over the
other or others, in one loom, the two or more fabrics being made or
formed with or without wires, and being connected together by the
material which constitutes the pile or plush surface of each fabric when
the same are cut and separated. This connecting material is so woven
as to form a race or guide for the knife or other cutting instrument,
Price 8d.1

page_text: and the two or more fabrics being cut and split asunder, two or more
distinct fabrics are formed, each of them with a cut or piled surface.
Each cloth or fabric, when cut and separated, is perfect in itself, but
the pile or velvet figures are reversed.
I also apply the Invention to manufactures where one perfect fabric
only is required, namely, in patterns or figures where spaces are left.
An under or extra warp or weft, woven with the upper fabric, whether
formed with or without wires, is used for the purpose of pulling out
the superfluous pile after the knife or cutting instrument has cut the
pile or plush surface of the perfect fabric.
The weaving may be conducted according to any pattern, and the
cutting take place over spaces of ground, however distant.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Beaumont, in the Great Seal Patent
Oflice, on the 15th September 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN BEAUMONT, of Dalton, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Beaumont, Her special licence
that I, the said John Beaumont, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Beaumont, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for A NEW MANU.
FACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Beaumont, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Beaumont, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:
My Invention consists of a new method of manufacturing certain
descriptions of fabrics, such as plush, velvets, or cut piled fabrics, of
whatever material composed, as hereinafter more particularly described.
When the pile or plush figure is formed by the weft I take two or
more warps of silk, cotton, or any other material, and draw them into
a Jacquard loom or other loom applicable to the manufacture of raised
or figured fabrics, each warp being on a separate beam, one above the
other. The pattern or design is "read in," and cut or stamped on the
cards in the ordinary way. The same cards weavo the pile or plush in
the top, bottom, and intermediate pieces (if more than two warps be
employed). The loom is worked as for any ordinary Jacquard figure
or fabric. Each warp has a separate cover of weft, of silk, cotton, or
any other textile material, woven in to form the ground or cloth, at the
same time the silk, or whatever other material is used to produce the
pile or figure, is " picked in alternately or otherwise, according
to the nature of the fabric, with the various ground wefts, and passes
through the two or more warps, and is thrown upon the surface or
uppermost cloth or fabric, and is made to form the race or guide
for the knife or cutting instrument, and at the same time unites
the various warps or fabrics together. The whole of the fabrics,
whether two or more, are held together before separation by the
material which forms the pile or plush; a part of the same thread
or threads which form the pile or plush in the uppermost warp is used
or the pile or plush in the other warp or warps beneath it, so that the
silk or other material which fills up the space or ground which will
exist in the upper fabric after the cloth is cut and separated, is drawn
through the said upper piece or pieces, and will constitute the plush or
pile of the piece or pieces beneath it. Where one cover is used to form
the plush or pile, the pattern or design will be reversed in the upper

page_text: and under fabrics, that is to say, when a plush or pile figure is formed
on the uppermost cloth, the space or ground on the fabric or fabrics
immediately beneath will be clear, and vice versâ; thus saving the silk
or other material, which in the old method of weaving (where an open
space was required in the pile, had to be carried to the back of the
cloth, or to be cut away; whereas my Invention enables me to appro-
priate that waste or useless silk or other material, and introduce it on
the surface of another fabric, by the means above stated. The silk or
other material required for the pile or plush is brought up to the sur-
face of the uppermost piece or fabric, and is made to form a regular
race or guide for the knife, which may be of the description used for
cutting velveteens or any other cutting instrument, and enables the
cutter to operate as in any other piled fabric; but the cutter, on passing
over the surface, cuts the pile or piles of the two or more fabrics at the
same time, so that on the two or more fabrics being separated, the silk
or other material forming the pile on the under piece or pieces will
leave clear spaces on the upper piece or pieces, by which means spaces
to any extent, or however intricate, may be cut over.
The manufacture of plain instead of figured fabrics, the pile being
formed of the weft or warp, may be effected in the manner above
described; the ordinary arrangements for working the figures being
omitted, and the loom adapted for plain weaving; but in these cases, the
pile being cut and fabrics separated, as above described, each of these
fabrics will require a full cover of warp or weft for the pile or plush.
When the pile or plush is cut, the separation of the two or more
fabrics may be facilitated by being wound upon a cylinder, above which
is placed a stationary slip or tongue of wood, (or slips, should there be
more than two fabrics, which is introduced between each fabric. The
ends of said fabric are attached to and wound upon separate rollers.
The slip, being fixed, divides or splits the various cloths. Where the
pile or plush figure is formed by the warp (with or without wires),
I take two or more warps of silk, cotton, or any other material, to form
the ground or fabric of such piece, each warp being on a separate beam,
one above the other. The warp may be woven with one or more wefts.
or covers, of silk, cotton, or other material. The pile or plush warp or
warps must be drawn into a Jacquard loom or other loom, alternately,

page_text: or otherwise, according to the nature of the fabric, with the threads of
the warp which form the ground or fabric.
When I want the pile warp or warps to form the figure or plush
on the top, bottom, or intermediate piece, I make the pile warp or
warps to catch the weft threads of such fabric, so as to secure the pile
or figure, at the same time causing the warp or warps to be drawn up
to the surface of the uppermost piece, the said pile warp or warps
forming the race or guide for the knife or cutting instrument. The
pattern or design is "read in," and stamped or cut on cards, in the
ordinary manner. The same cards weave the pile or figure on the top,
bottom, or intermediate pieces; the groundwork of each fabric requires
separate cards. When woven, the fabrics are cut and split, or separated
as above described, when the pile or plush is formed by the weft.
When one perfect fabric only is required, in patterns or figures where
spaces are left, au under or extra warp or weft, woven with the upper
surface, whether formed with or without wires, is used for the purpose
of pulling out the superfluous pile, after the knife or cutting instrument
has cut the pile or plush surface of the perfect fabric.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not claim as of my Invention, or the exclusive use of, the looms
herein-before referred to, or any of the parts thereof, except when and
so far as the same may be employed in and for the manufacture above
directed; and I hereby declare my Invention to consist in the inanu-
facture of piled fabrics by weaving the same in one piece, so that the
pile may be cut and withdrawn, and the fabric separated, as above
described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said John Beaumont, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN BEAUMONT. (L.s.)