Improvements in Machines for Heading Rivets and Bolts.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 9th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by CHARLES STEWART SEATON, Manufacturer, and
JOHN AMBROSE SEATON, Manufacturer, both of Cleveland, County of
Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, United States of America.]
Improvements in Machines for Heading Rivets and Bolts.
I, OLIVER IMRAY, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of London, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to machines for heading rivets and bolts.
The objects of my invention are to improve the mechanism by modifying the
form and construction of some of the parts adding new parts and providing safe-
guards against accidental breakage as I shall describe referring to the accompanying
drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan of the improved machine ;
Figures 2 and 3 are elevations of opposite sides;
Figure 4 is an end elevation ;
Figure 5 is an enlarged plan partly in section of the front end of the machine,
Figure 6 is an enlarged side view partly in section of the connecting rod and a
part of the crosshead;
Figure 7 is the detail plan of the sliding wedge bar ;
Figure 8 is an end view of an open block suitable for heading long rods.
A represents the frame having bearings for the shaft B, which about midway has
a crank b. Reciprocating in suitable guides is a crosshead C, which is connected
with the crank b by a connecting rod D.
At the end of the frame farthest from the shaft B are placed the holding
dies E E' having grooves, which, face each other so that when the dies are closed,
they form a socket to hold the rod operated on. The one die E' is fixed, the other
die E is movable to and form the stationary die in the following manner.
The die E is secured in a carriage F which is adapted to slide in transverse
horizontal guides and has at its back a bevelled piece f bearing against the bevelled
end g, of a sliding bar G.
This bar is caused to slide forwards in longitudinal guides by a cam 61 on the
shaft B and its bevelled part 9 moves the carriage F, forward so as to close the
dies. A spring H draws the bar G backward. A horizontal bent lever I is pivotted
to the frame one arm bearing against a vertical stud g' on the bar G and the other
arm against a stud f¹ on the carriage F.
The backward movement of the bar G moves the lever I so as to draw the
carriage F back.
Behind the holding dies E E', a fixed block N has a hole n', preferably tapering,
through which is fed the bar from which the bolt is to be cut.
In the face of the block N is fixed a cutting platen having a hole with one side
bevelled to form a knife edge, which, acting in conjunction with the edge of the
movable die E, shears the rod which is fed through the hole.
Usually shearing edges are arranged to slide in contact with each other, but I
find, that, in working hot iron, a smoother and cleaner cut is made when the
shearing edges do not move quite in contact. Therefore, the cutting plate n is set
slightly below the general surface of the block N on which E slides.
In line with the socket formed when the two dies E E' are in contact, is a small
hole n², through which works an ejecting hammer L moved by a lever K which is
pivotted on a bracket k and is jointed to a bar k¹ sliding in guides. An abrupt
cam on the shaft B pushes this bar once in each revolution so that the hammer L

page_text: gives a sudden tap on the end of the headed rod, which loosens it from the die. A
spring withdraws the hammer.
The holding dies E E¹, being open, a heated rod is fed through the orifice n¹
until its end strikes a stop gauge M. The advance of the bar G, moves the die E
towards the die E' shearing off from the hot rod a part which is held between the
two dies E E¹. The crosshead C now moves forward and the heading tool O
carried by it upsets the end of the rod.
The rod is not necessarily clamped between the dies E E¹, most of the pressure
in the heading operation being borne by the block N. The rod, may however, be
clamped by the dies, if desired.
When the head is formed, the heading tool O is withdrawn by the backward
movement of the crosshead C, and at the same time the movable holding die is
drawn away from the other; the ejecting hammer loosens the headed bolt; and
when the dies are separated sufficiently, the bolt falls from between them.
Although the dies may not clamp the rod its tendency to spread laterally under
the heading pressure imposes considerable sidewise strain on the dies. In order
that this strain may not be transmitted through the bar G to the cam b which
action would cause considerable wear, I provide automatic mechanism, whereby
when the dies are closed, they are temporarily locked, and all side strain on the
movable die during the heading is borne by this locking mechanism. For this
purpose, a shoulder g, is formed on the rear end of the sliding bar G, and a pawl J
pivotted at a falls behind the shoulder g³, when the bar G is at the extreme forward
end of its stroke. The pawl J, is fixed on a rocking shaft having an arm ; which
is struck by a lug 4, on the boss of the fly wheel so as to lift the pawl J allowing
the bar G to be drawn back by the spring H.
Should the bolt not fall from the dies, and should a fresh length of rod be fed
into the machine, fracture would occur if the holding dies were brought together.
In order that the part breaking may not be an important part of the machine, I
arrange that the pressure to move the carriage F forward to close the dies, is
applied against a breaker plate strong enough to resist the ordinary strain, but
yielding under extraordinary strain.
In the carriage F there is a push block with a punch f* projecting from it and
bearing against an iron plate so that if something should get between the two
dies EE the stud f* would simply punch through the plate f* and no further
damage could be done.
In order to lessen the chances of accident I provide means whereby the forward
movement of the crosshead C may be arrested without stopping the continuous
revolution of the shaft B.
For this purpose the connecting rod as shewn in Figure 6 is made in two
parts d d jointed together by a strong pin d. The part d is forked, and made
with shoulders d³ ³, against which the end d of the part d' abuts, immediately
after swinging past the centre, so that the rod delivers an end thrust and thus
pushes the crosshead C forward. The under part of d' has a rib d³, which strikes
a tripping piece P, thus causing the two parts d d to turn upon their pin as a
toggle joint. This action is arranged to take place just as the crank 6 is beginning
its forward movement when there is very little strain upon the connecting rod.
When the connecting rod is thus bent up, the crosshead C makes only about half
its normal stroke. When the tripping piece P is removed, the rod automatically
straightens itself during its backward movement, ready at next advance to move
the crosshead forward its full stroke.
The tripping piece P slides in guides and is connected to the treadle R, on
pressing down which, the tripping piece is drawn out of the way of the rib do, and
the connecting rod remains straight, pushing the crosshead C forward to head
the bolt.
The movement of the die E is arrested by making the bar G in two parts g³ g³
which can slide independently, and providing means for disconnecting them when
required. On the part g³, which has the wedge-shaped end, is pivotted a latch g*,

page_text: and on the part 93, is a shoulder 98; when the latch is in front of this shoulder the
two parts move forward together when acted upon by the cam 61. The latch 9* has
a vertical stem g' to which is attached a bent rod S (see Figure 4) connecting it to
the treadle. A springs surrounds the stem between the latch and the eye of the
rod S. When the rod S is drawn down by the treadle the latch is drawn down by
the springs thus locking together the two parts of the bar G. A spring T butting
against moves it to a point where it may be latched. A spring V between a collar
on the stem of the tripping piece P, and a bracket a' urges the treadle upwards
rendering the parts inoperative, as above described, unless the treadle is pressed
down. Sometimes the resistance of heading arrests the forward movement of the
heading tool at about the "dead centre" of the crank, stopping the machine.
order to remedy this, a vertically movable wedge is fitted in the crosshead just
behind the heading tool O which is clamped to the crosshead. A screw stud and
nuts serves to adjust the wedge.
In
When the machine is blocked at the "dead centre," the nuts are loosened, and
the wedge X is struck down by a hammer, allowing the heading tool to move
slightly backward and the crank to pass the dead centre.
The arrangements described for arresting the motion of parts, to guard against
accidents and to relieve the machine, as they do not effect the heading of the bolt
or rivet, may be dispensed with as desired.
In order to cut rods for bolts or rivets of extra length a bracket U, in which is a
horizontal groove u is fixed to the side of the frame. W is a shearing lever pivotted
to a bracket w on the frame, and connected by a link w' with the carriage F. The
upper end of the lever is provided with a semi-circular groove, the edge of which
is sharpened. When the carriage F moves forward the lever W is moved, and a
rod held in the groove u is sheared off.
When the machine is to be used to head extra long rods, the block N is removed,
and a block such as is shewn by Fig. 8 is substituted, allowing the rod to be
inserted sideways; the holding dies in this case grip the rod between them and hold
it firmly while it is being headed.
The heading tool, or female die O may be adapted to form hexagonal heads or
heads of other shapes, being made as a socket with outwardly bevelled edges, the
socket above the bevelled edges being slightly deeper than the thickness of the
bolt head to be formed.
Each of the holding dies E E' has a projection e which together form a male die
of the same shape as the head which is to be formed. The height of these
projections e e is such that they enter a little way into the female die past its
bevelled edges.
the
The rod from which the bolts are to be made is fed through the orifice n' up to
the gauge and is cut off by the die E. The portion cut off being now held between
the dies. The heading tool O moves forward and upsets the end of the rod;
female die passes just over the male die formed by ee and thus the metal (if it is
spread somewhat irregularly) is pushed back by the male die, up the bevelled
edges of the female die, any fin or excess of metal being shorn off, and the slight
further movement compressing the metal enclosed in the female die so as to fill
out all the corners of the die socket, and make a perfect bolt head.
The rods from which bolts or rivets are made are usually from 12 to 16 feet in
length, three or four feet of which are heated at one time.
In order that the rod may be supported opposite to the feed orifice, and yet that
the support may be easily removeable, so that for short lengths of rods the workmen
may get close up to the machine, a swinging bracket Z is pivotted to the frame,
this being supported when in use for a long rod by an upright bar or otherwise.
When not required the support is removed allowing the bracket to drop out of
the way.
Dated this 13th day of January 1891.
ABEL & IMKAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: My invention relates to machines for heading rivets and bolts.
The objects of my invention are first, to improve the mechanism by modifying
the form and construction of some of the parts adding new parts, and providing
safeguards against accidental breakage, as I shall describe referring to the
drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification.
Figure 1 is a plan of the improved machine;
Figures 2 and 3 are elevations of opposite sides ;
Figure 4 is an end elevation ;
Figure 5 is an enlarged plan partly in section of the front end of the
machine,
Figure 6 is an enlarged side view partly in section of the connecting rod and a
part of the crosshead;
Figure 7 is the detail plan of the sliding wedge bar;
Figure 8 is an end view of an open block suitable for heading long rods.
A represents the frame having bearings for the shaft B which about midway has
a crank. Reciprocating in suitable guides is a crosshead C, which is connected
with the crank b by a connecting rod D.
At the end of the frame farthest from the shaft B are placed the holding
dies E E having grooves, which, face each other so that when the dies are closed,
they form a socket to hold the rod operated on. The one die E' is fixed, the
other die E is movable toward and from the stationary die in the following
manner.
The die E is secured in a carriage F which is adapted to slide in transverse
horizontal guides and has at its back a bevelled piece f bearing against the bevelled
end g, of a sliding bar G. This bar is caused to slide forwards in longitudinal
guides by a cam b¹ on the shaft B and its bevelled part 9 moves the carriage F
forward so as to close the dies. A spring H draws the bar G backward.
horizontal bent lever I is pivotted to the frame one arm bearing against a vertical
stud g on the bar G and the other arm against a stud fl on the carriage F.
A
The backward movement of the bar G moves the lever I so as to draw the
carriage F back.
Behind the holding dies E E' a fixed block N has a hole n', preferably tapering,
through which is fed the bar from which the bolt is to be cut.
In the face of the block N is fixed a cutting plate n having a hole with one side
bevelled to form a knife edge, which, acting in conjunction with the edge of the
movable die E, shears the rod which is fed through the hole.
Usually shearing edges are arranged to slide in contact with each other, but I
find, that, in working hot iron a smoother and cleaner cut is made when the
shearing edges do not move quite in contact. Therefore, the cutting plate n is set
slightly below the general surface of the block N on which E slides.
In line with the socket formed when the two dies E E' are in contact, is a small
hole n³ through which works an ejecting hammer L moved by a lever K which is
pivotted on a bracket k and is jointed to a bar sliding in guides. An abrupt
cam, on the shaft B pushes this bar once in each revolution so that the hammer L
gives a sudden tap on the end of the headed rod, which loosens it from the die.
A spring withdraws the hammer.
The holding dies E E' being open, a heated rod is fed through the orifice n¹
until its end strikes a stop gauge M. The advance of the bar G, moves the die E
towards the die E' shearing off from the hot rod a part which is held between the

page_text: two dies E E. The crosshead C now moves forward and the heading tool O
carried by it upsets the end of the rod.
The rod is not necessarily clamped between the dies E E', most of the pressure
in the heading operation being borne by the block N. The rod, may however, be
clamped by the dies, if desired.
When the head is formed, the heading tool O is withdrawn by the backward
movement of the crosshead C and at the same time the movable holding die is
drawn away from the other; the ejecting hammer loosens the headed bolt; and
when the dies are separated sufficiently, the bolt falls from between them.
Although the dies may not clamp the rod, its tendency to spread laterally under
the heading pressure imposes considerable strain on the dies. In order that this
strain may not be transmitted through the bar G to the cam 6 which action would
cause considerable wear, provide automatic mechanism, whereby when the dies
are closed, they are temporarily locked, and all side strain on the movable die
during the heading is borne by this locking mechanism. For this purpose, a
shoulder g³, is formed on the rear end of the sliding bar G, and a pawl J pivotted
at a falls behind the shoulder g³, when the bar G is at the extreme forward end of
its stroke. The pawl J, is fixed on a rocking shaft having an arm; which is struck
by a lug 6, on the boss of the fly wheel so as to lift the pawl J allowing the bar G
to be drawn back by the spring F.
Should the bolt not fall from the dies, and should a fresh length of rod be fed
into the machine fracture would occur if the holding dies were brought together.
In order that the part breaking may not be an important part of the machine,
I arrange that the pressure to move the carriage F forward to close the dies, is
applied against a breaker plate strong enough to resist the ordinary strain but
yielding under extraordinary strain.
In the carriage F there is a push block f with a punch projecting from it and
bearing against an iron plate so that if something should get between the two
dies E E the stud f* would simply punch through the plate f' and no further
damage could be done.
.In order to lessen the chances of accident, I provide means whereby the forward
movement of the crosshead C may be arrested without stopping the continuous
revolution of the shaft B.
For this purpose, the connecting rod as shewn in Figure is made in two
parts d d jointed together by a strong pin d. The part d is forked, and made with
shoulders d³ d³, against which the end of the part d' abuts, immediately after
swinging past the centre, so that the rod delivers an end thrust and thus pushes the
crosshead C forward. The under part of d' has a rib d'; which strikes a tripping
piece P, thus causing the two parts d d to turn upon their pin as a toggle joint.
This action is arranged to take place just as the crank is beginning its forward
movement when there is very little strain upon the connecting rod.
connecting rod is thus bent up, the crosshead C makes only about half its normal
stroke. When the tripping piece P is removed, the rod automatically straightens
itself during its backward movement, ready at next advance to move the crosshead
forward its full stroke.
When the
The tripping piece P slides in guides and is connected to the treadle R, on
pressing down which, the tripping piece is drawn out of the way of the rib do, and
the connecting rod remains straight, pushing the crosshead C forward to head the
bolt.
The movement of the die E is arrested by making the bar G in two parts g³ g³
which can slide independently, and providing means for disconnecting them when
required. On the part g2, which has the wedge shaped end, is pivotted a latch 9',
and on the part g³, is a shoulder g; when the latch is in front of this shoulder
the two parts move forward together when acted upon by the cam b'. The latch g*
has a vertical stem y' to which is attached a bent rod S (see Figure 4) connecting
it to the treadle. A springs surrounds the stem 96 between the latch and the eye
of the rod S. When the rod S is drawn down by the treadle the latch is drawn

page_text: down by the spring & thus locking together the two parts of the bar G. A spring T
butting against moves it to a point where it may be latched. A spring V between
a collar on the stem of the tripping piece P, and a bracket a¹ urges the treadle
upwards rendering the parts inoperative, as above described, unless the treadle is
pressed down. Sometimes the resistance of heading arrests the forward movement
of the heading tool at about the "dead centre" of the crank, stopping the machine.
In order to remedy this, a vertically movable wedge is fitted in the crosshead just
behind the heading tool O which is clamped to the crosshead. A screw stud x and
When the machine is blocked at the "dead centre," the nuts are loosened, and
the wedge X is struck down by a hammer, allowing the heading tool to move slightly
backward and the crank to pass the dead centre.
nuts serve to adjust the wedge.
The arrangements described for arresting the motion of parts, to guard against
accidents and to relieve the machine, as they do not effect the heading of the bolt
or rivet, may be dispensed with, as desired.
In order to cut rods for bolts or rivets of extra length, a bracket U, in which is
a horizontal groove u is fixed to the side of the frame. W is a shearing lever
pivotted to a bracket w on the frame, and connected by a link w¹ with the carriage F.
The upper end of the lever is provided with a semi-circular groove, the edge of
which is sharpened. When the carriage F moves forward the lever W is moved,
and a rod held in the groove u is sheared off.
When the machine is to be used to head extra long rods, the block N is removed,
and a block such as is shewn by Fig. 8 is substituted allowing the rod to be
inserted sideways; the holding dies in this case grip the rod between them and
hold it firmly while it is being headed.
The heading tool, or female die O, may be adapted to form hexagonal heads or
heads of other shapes, being made as a socket with outwardly bevelled edges, the
socket above the bevelled edges being slightly deeper than the thickness of the
bolt head to be formed.
Each of the holding dies E E' has a projection e which together form a male die,
of the same shape as the head which is to be formed. The height of these
projections e e is such that they enter a little way into the female die past its
bevelled edges.
The rod from which the bolts are to be made is fed through the orifice n¹ up to
the gauge and is cut off by the die E. The portion cut off being now held between
the dies. The heading tool O moves forward and upsets the end of the rod; the
female die passes just over the male die formed by ee, and thus the metal (if it is
spread somewhat irregularly) is pushed back by the male die, up to the bevelled
edges of the female die, any fin or excess of metal being shorn off, and the slight
further movement compressing the metal enclosed in the female die so as to fill out
all the corners of the die socket, and make a perfect bolt head.
The rods from which bolts or rivets are made are usually from 12 to 16 feet in
length, three or four feet of which are heated at one time.
In order that the rod may be supported opposite to the feed orifice, and yet that
the support may be easily removable, so that for short lengths of rods the workmen
may get close up to the machine, a swinging bracket Z is pivotted to the frame,
this being supported when in use for a long rod by an upright bar or otherwise.
When not required, the support is removed allowing the bracket to drop out of
the way.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I declare that what I claim in respect of a machine for heading
nuts or bolts, is :-
1. In combination with the moveable holding die, having a bevelled back, a
transversely reciprocating bar having also a bevelled surface, this bar being made
in two parts with a latch and treadle for connecting and disconnecting them,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 2. The combination of the moveable holding die, the sliding bar, cam, and
mechanism connecting the bar and die, a shoulder on the bar, a pawl lever engaging
therewith, and a revolving lug disengaging the pawl at each revolution of the
main shaft, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. In combination with the slide F of the moveable die, a separate sliding
block, punch and plate f, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination of the crank shaft, the crosshead and the connecting rod
made in two parts jointed together as a toggle, the rib projecting from one of the
parts, the vertically movable tripping piece, treadle and spring, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
5. The combination of the shearing bracket on the side frame, the shearing lever
and mechanism for working it, substantially as described.
6. In combination with the holding dies a hole in the end block against which
the dies abut, an ejecting hammer and its connections to a quick acting cam on the
main shaft, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 4th day of April 1891
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.