AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR COATING OR COVERING THE Ex-. TERIOR OR INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS, SOME OF THE INGREDIENTS OF WHICH SUCH COLORING MATTER IS COMPOSED BEING CAPABLE OF CONVERSION INTO SIZE, PASTE, AND GROUND COLOR FOR PRIMING OR GIVING THE FIRST COAT OR COVERING TO WORK INTENDED TO BE COLORED WITH OIL. PAINT
Year: 1853

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Heckethorn, of Marquis Villas,
. Canonbury, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR COATING OR COVERING THE Ex-.
TERIOR OR INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS, SOME OF THE INGREDIENTS OF WHICH
SUCH COLORING MATTER IS COMPOSED BEING CAPABLE OF CONVERSION
INTO SIZE, PASTE, AND GROUND COLOR FOR PRIMING OR GIVING THE
FIRST COAT OR COVERING TO WORK INTENDED TO BE COLORED WITH OIL.
PAINT."
Sealed the 3rd August 1853, and dated the 3rd February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hecke-
thorn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition on, the 3rd February 1853. *
I, JOHN HECKETHORN, of Marquis Villas,, Canonbury, in the.
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR COATING OR COVERING THE
EXTERIOR OR INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS, SOME OF THE INGREDIENTS OF WHICH
SUCH COLORING MATTER IS COMPOSED BEING CAPABLE OF CONVERSION INTO SIZE,
PASTE, AND GROUND COLOR FOR PRIMING OR GIVING THE FIRST COAT OR COVER-

page_text: ING TO WORK INTENDED TO BE COLORED WITH OIL PAINT," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in a new combination and admixture of
certain ingredients or matters in known commercial use, whereby
the coloring matters produced therefrom by such combinations
possess the advantage of being considerably cheaper than oil paint,
and more effective when used for ground coloring. And to produce
coloring matter intended to be used for coloring the outside and
inside of houses and other buildings, the same may be effected by
combining and mixing together with water the following ingre-
dients or matters; videlicit, blood, iron, sand, marble, china, glass,
oxide of iron (or rust), alum, cheese, lime, pounded earthenware,
all kinds of fish shells, white zinc, and ground sand in the propor
tions hereafter stated. And to produce ground color, size, and
paste, the same may be effected by an admixture or combination
of blood and lime in the proportions hereafter stated, and such
paste may be used for book-binding, and a variety of other
purposes for which the paste made from flour is now used, and the
size thus produced may be employed in the manufacture of floor
cloths, and for other purposes.
.
DESCRIPTION of the RELATIVE PROPORTIONS of the several INGRE-
DIENTS to be used according to this Invention to produce the
color, size, and paste before mentioned:
Firstly, to produce a coloring matter intended to be used for
coloring or giving the first coat of color to the outside and inside
of houses proceed as follows: To every 100 lbs. of lime add about
two pounds and a half of the paste hereafter described; to these add
about sixteen pounds of alum which has been previously dissolved
in a sufficient quantity of water to render the same liquid.
"
Secondly, to produce finishing color or color intended to be used
upon the first coat of color lastly above mentioned proceed as
follows: Dissolve 100 pounds of lime in water; add to this two
pounds of the paste hereafter described, and to these. add about
twenty-five pounds of cheese; and according to. the tint of colo

page_text: required add thereto one or more of the following substances,
whole sand, ground sand, ground or pulverized iron, marble, china,
glass, oxide of iron, earthenware, shells, white zinc, and any kind
of stone ground or pulverized; and when such a tint of color is
required as cannot be produced by any of the lastly above-men-
tioned ingredients, then take coloring matter such as is commonly
used, and mix therewith in the requisite quantity.
Thirdly, to produce paste proceed as follows:-To every 100 lbs.
of blood add about eight pounds of lime, mix them well together; and
let them stand for about 24 hours, after which the paste is ready for
use.
Fourthly, to produce size the same ingredients to those lastly above
mentioned, and in the same proportions, are employed; it will, how-
ever, be found necessary in using size thus made to mix therewith
a small quantity of water so as to cause the size to flow freely
from the brush.
Fifthly and lastly, to produce ground color the same ingredients
are employed, and in the same proportions to those before men-
tioned with reference to paste and size.
SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said John Heckethorn in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN HECKETHORN, of Marquis Villas, Canonbury, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John: Heckethorn,
Her special licence that me, the said John Heckethorn, my exe-

page_text: cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Heckethorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
.at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED COLORING MATTER FOR
COATING OR COVERING THE EXTERIOR OR INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS, SOME OF
THE INGREDIENTS OF WHICH SUCH SAID COLORING MATTER IS COMPOSED BEING
CAPABLE OF CONVERSIONS INTO SIZE, PASTE, AND GROUND COLOR FOR PRIMING
OR GIVING THE FIRST COAT OR COVERING TO WORK INTENDED TO BE COLORED
WITH OIL PAINT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Heckethorn, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Heckethorn, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
My Invention consists in a new combination and admixture of
certain ingredients or matters in known commercial use, whereby
the coloring matters resulting from such combinations possess the
advantage of being considerably cheaper than oil paint, and are at
the same time more effective when used as a ground color for
priming or giving the first coat or covering to work intended to be
colored with oil paint. And to produce coloring matter suitable
for coloring the outside and inside of houses and other buildings,
the same may be effected by combining and mixing with water the
following ingredients or matters; videlicit, blood, sand, marble,
china, glass, oxide of iron (or rust), alum, cheese, lime, pounded
.earthenware, all kinds of fish shells, white zinc, and whole and

page_text: ground sand, in the proportions herein-after stated. And to
produce ground color, size, and paste, the same may be effected.
by an admixture or combination of blood and lime in the pro-
portions herein-after stated, and paste thus made may be used:
in book-binding and a variety of other purposes for which the
paste made from flour is now used, and the size thus produced.
may be employed in the manufacture of floor cloths, and for other
And in order to explain my said Invention as completely
as possible I now proceed to describe the relative proportions of
the several ingredients, or matters which I propose to employ for
producing the coloring matter, size, and paste above mentioned,
and the best means I am acquainted with for carrying my said
purposes.
To make size which is applicable to the manufacture of oil cloths
I proceed as follows: I employ precisely the same ingredients as
those above mentioned for making paste at Mixture No. 1, but instead

page_text: of allowing it to stand only six days or thereabout it is necessary for
the purposes of this part of my said Invention that it should stand
for about two weeks if the weather is warm, and three weeks if
the weather is cold; after which it should be mixed with a sufficient
quantity of clean water to reduce it to the proper consistence for
use;
and size thus made is applicable to variety of other purposes.
-
To make water color for giving the first coat or covering to the
interior or exterior of dwelling houses or other buildings I proceed as
follows Into every pailful of water I put about one pound of the
cheapest alum, and let it stand for about twenty-four hours so as to
dissolve; I then mix therewith about one pailful of lime, either
slacked and pulverized 'and sifted or not, as may be found necessary;
and to this I add about half a pound of the Mixture No. 1, before
mentioned for making paste, and if too thick for use I. reduce the
consistence thereof by the addition of cold water.
To make water color for giving the second coat or covering to
the interior or exterior of dwelling houses or other buildings I

page_text: proceed as follows: To every 100 lbs. of lime which have been
slacked, pulverized, sifted, and dissolved in water for the space of
from twelve to twenty-four hours, I add about 25 lbs. of the oldest
and poorest cheese that can be procured; and I have found the
cheese made from skimmed milk to answer best for the purposes
of
my said Invention, or any refuse of cheese which has been grated
previously will answer well. And I would observe that in using a
large quantity of cheese I propose, for the sake of economy, to grind
the same between a pair of stones or edge runners, taking care
during such operation to moisten the cheese with warm water, which
must be allowed to flow off after it has been impregnated with
the fat and oily substances which are squeezed out of the cheese,
and of which fat and oily substance none must be allowed to re:
main in the cheese; and when thus, prepared I mix the cheese
with from five to ten pounds of lime and water, according to the
quantity of cheese, in the proportions-of say about 4 lbs. of the
solution to every 20 lbs. of cheese, more or less, in order to facilitate
the process of mixing, according to the judgment of the workman;
and to this I add about 2 lbs. of the Mixture No. 2. And to produce
a color to resemble either white or grey granite I proceed as follows:
For white granite which is required to be very bright I use white
zinc, and for grey I use pounded oyster or other shells; and of the
zine I mix about 12 lbs. thereof to every 100 lbs. of cheese, and of
the oyster or other shells I mix from 10 to 20 lbs. to every 100 lbs.
of lime; to these I add of the white sand of commerce, ground or
pulverized, white or blue colored earthenware, pounded alabaster,
or any other suitable pounded stone, a sufficient quantity to produce
on the surface to be covered a thick coat or layer of sand. I would
remark that in some cases the sand and white, zinc separately or
combined above mentioned may be found to answer of themselves
when the shells and earthenware before mentioned cannot be
easily obtained, and when sand, shells, and earthenware are used
the zinc may be omitted. When it is required to give a darker
shade to the composition the same may be effected by adding

page_text: thereto as much of the black lead of commerce in powder as will
produce the desired effect. And I would remark that the coloring
matter thus produced is more particularly intended to be used
for the exterior of buildings, as for the interior of buildings I
proceed as follows:
I employ the same proportions of lime, blood, and cheese,
similarly treated to that before described, adding thereto the neces-
sary coloring powders commonly sold by oil and colormen. But in
this composition I omit the sand, earthenware, pounded alabaster,
or other stone, shells, and zinc lastly above mentioned, and I add as
much water to this mixture as will cause the mixture, when used,
to flow freely from the brush.
And to produce the various shades of different colored stones I
employ pale and deep yellow colored sand, pounded yellow colored.
earthenware, and, if necessary, I add thereto pounded' shells and
green colored glass.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be and may be performed, I claim as of
my Invention the use and application of the several matters or
ingredients herein stated in and for the purposes of producing an

page_text: improved coloring matter convertible into size and paste as herein-
before particularly described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Heckethorn, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
ALEX PRINCE,
Patent Agent,
4, Trafalgar Square.
J. HECKETHORN. (L.S.)