CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING, DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING COTTON, FLAX, WOOL SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOIN.
GEORGE BODMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS by Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-eight, in the second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John George Bodmer, Her
especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
John George Bodmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such.
others as I, the said John George Bodmer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no other, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING, DRAWING, ROVING, AND
SPINNING COTTON, FLAX, WOOL SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John George'
Bodmer, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in
Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John George Bodmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
My Improvements in the Machinery or Apparatus for Carding, Drawing,
Roving, and Spinning Cotton, Wool, Flax, Silk, and other Fibrous Substances,
consist in certain novel modifications and arrangements of the various parts
and motions of the mechanism used for such purposes, and more particularly
applicable to that system of machinery which was described in the Specifica-
tion of my Patent, dated the Twenty-seventh day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-five, which was duly enrolled in the Office of the Rolls
Chapel, and to which I may hereafter occasionally refer, as it will be unneces
sary in some instances to say more.
ناصر
In order that these improvements may be clearly defined and perfectly
understood, I have attached to these Presents four Sheets of Drawings, con-
taining such views of the machinery to be employed as will sufficiently illus-
trate my Invention and be necessary to carry the same into practical operation,
having marked the various details with figures and letters of reference, placing
similar letters upon corresponding parts of the mechanism.
The first part of the machinery or apparatus to which my present improve-
ments are to be attached in the carding engine, the principal operations of
which are generally understood; and I would here remark, that although
throughout my Specification all the machinery to be described has been par-
ticularly drawn for the purpose of operating upon cotton, yet it will be evident
many of my improvements are also applicable to similar machinery used for
working any other fibrous materials.
Firstly, the Carding Engine.-In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents a section
taken longitudinally through about the middle of the engine. The lap of
cotton a, a, is placed upon the unlapping rollers b, b, in order to deliver the
cotton into the feeding plate c, over which it is drawn by the delivering rollers
d and e, which revolve exactly at the same speed as the rollers b, b. After the
cotton has passed through the rollers d and e, it is deliver under and drawn
forward by the roller g, which is covered with fillets of cards, having sharp
teeth. The cotton is advanced by the roller g over a steel edge or blade h,
fixed to the cast-iron trough f; and is drawn or carded down by the licker-in
roller i, in proportion as it advances. The teeth of the roller g being sharp,
.

page_text: and in the position shown in the Drawing, take hold of the cotton while it is
acted upon by the licker-in roller i, and are cleared at the same time of all
the cotton that may adhere to them by the licker-in roller i. The licker-in
roller i is geared, so that it revolves a little slower than the main drum or
cylinder k, and it is for this reason that the cotton is taken away from the
licker-in by the main cylinder, and partly doffed upon the roller m, which
roller may either revolve in the direction of the arrow or in the opposite
direction, in both of which cases the dirt and cotton is taken away from it by
the licker-in, and once more taken up the main drum. The clearing cylinder
or roller n revolves considerably faster in the direction of the arrow than the
main cylinder, and consequently takes the cotton from the main cylinder and
doffs it upon the cylinder o; but as the cylinder n has taken nearly all the
cotton and dirt from off the main cylinder, and as the cylinder o can, in conse-
quence of its position, not remove all the cotton from the cylinder n, it is
evident that the cylinder n would be completely chocked with cotton in a very
short time. To obviate this, the clearing apparatus now to be described is
attached, and is of the greatest importance to the carding engine, many parts
of which will be more clearly seen in Figure 2, which is a horizontal view of
that apparatus, and seen partly in section. A light cast-iron slide p,p (exactly
similar to the bed of a small lathe inverted), is fixed at both its ends to any
convenient part of the framing of the carding engine, and having a screw q
passing through it, which revolves in bearings also fixed to the framing, and
driven by the pulley (see Figure 2), either by passing a strap from the main
cylinder, or any other part, from whence a suitable speed can be obtained, and
which pulley should revolve about six or seven hundred times per minute. At
the reverse end of this screw q a disc or plate, and spur wheel s cast upon it, is
fixed, into which wheel the pinion t gears. This pinion is fixed, upon a small
shaft or stud a revolving in a socket cast in the differential cone v, and on the
other end of which shaft u the wheel w is fixed, driving the pinion a, which
revolves loose upon the shaft at y, together with the grooved pulley The
differential cone v also revolves upon the shaft y, and receives its motion from a
cross strap passing around the driving cone 1 fixed upon the shaft 2 (see Figures
1) which shaft is either driven by the same stap which drives the mains cylinder,
or by a strap passing from the main cylinder or any other convenient roller. In
order to produce a variation in the speed of the grooved pulley z, the driving
cross strap 3 is passed over the surface of the cones v and 1, by means of the
strap guides or levers 4, 4, which are fixed upon the diagonal shaft 5. An arm
or lever 6 is fixed upon this shaft, and is connected by the rod 7 to the ex-
centric 8 on the end of the drum o, and thus for every revolution of the drum
2°

page_text: o the cross strap 3 passes over the surfaces of the cones v and 1, and back
again, thereby producing the required variation in the speed of the differential
pulley z, as will be readily understood. A bed or slide 9, 9, to which the sus-
pender 10 is fixed, carries the narrow clearing pulley 11. This pulley is
covered with a narrow strip or fillet of card teeth, about three-fourths of au
inch wide, and caused to revolve by means of the endless band 12, proceeding
from the pulley z over the guide pullies 13, 13, 13, around the driving pulley
14, fixed on the shaft 15, carrying the card pulley 11, and so on around other
guide pulleys, until it is again brought round the grooved pulley Z. The
clearing pulley, now caused to revolve, is made to act upon the cards of the
drum n, and clean it as follows:-Suppose the drum n to be revolving at about
a fourth quicker speed (or more or less, as may be found convenient) than the
speed of the main cylinder, and thereby removing nearly all the dirt and
cotton from it, without being able to deposit the whole of its contents upon
the drum o, the clearing pulley 11 being covered with a narrow fillet of cards,
and running still faster than the drum n, it is quite obvious that the cotton
and dirt remaining in the teeth of the cards upon the drum n will be removed
out of them in a fillet or strip equal to the width of the card teeth upon the
pulley 11. Now, as this pulley will immediately become filled with cotton, it
requires to be cleansed in its turn, and of course without wasting the cotton,
which cleaning is performed by the drum n itself the instant that the cross strap
3 is passed from the larger diameter of the differential cone v to the smaller
diameter, because the speed of the clearing pulley 11 will decrease in such a
manner, that the speed of the drum n is just fast enough to take the cotton
away from the teeth of the pulley 11 and doff it to the roller o, and
thus allowing the heavy dirt and waste to fall into the trough 16. As
this operation is only performed upon a very small breadth or portion of the
surface of the roller n at one time, there will not be the slightest imperfection
in the regularity of the carding. In order that the roller 11 shall proceed
along the surface of the drum n to clear the same from end to end in the
space of one, two, three, or four minutes, as may be required, the slide 9
carrying the roller 11 is caused to proceed along its bed by means of the screw
q (being driven by the pulley r (see Figure 2), as already explained, working
into a worm wheel 17, supported in two bearings 18, fixed to the sliding
carriage 9. Upon the same shaft as the worm wheel there is a small pinión
19 working into the wheel 20, fixed upon a shaft revolving in the bush of the
radial arm 21, and also carrying a mangle pinion 22 working into the mangle
rack 23, fast upon the slide p. The radial arm 21 has its fulcrum upon the
shaft of the worm wheel, and consequently allows the mangle pinion to changeits

page_text: position from the upper to the under side of the rack (and vice versa), in
order that the sliding carriage may travel in opposite directions from one end of
the drum n to the other alternately, and thus it will be very clearly perceived
that as the screw 9 revolves the train of gearing just described will traverse
the sliding carriage, and with it the clearing roller, slowly along the surface of
the roller n, and clean. the whole. by degrees from end to end. In order to
adjust the clearing pulley nearer to and farther from the roller n, the hangers
or suspenders 10, in which the pulley 11 is supported, are cast to a slide which
moves crosswise in the slide 9, so that the clearing pulley may be regulated to
any suitable distance at pleasure. It is evident, that by this mode of clearing
the cylinders, it is not possible for the cotton to accumulate upon them, as the
cotton which is doffed by the clearing drum n on to the drum o is taken away
from this drum o by the main cylinder and carried to the top cards or flats.
I now proceed to the improved method of cleaning the top cards or flats,
and must refer to the Specification of my Patent of One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-five, and also that of One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-four, as the present improvement is made upon the principle
there particularly set forth; and as I have therein explained the reason why
I take up the top card which is nearest to the feeding apparatus, carry it
over the others, clean it, and afterwards deposit it nearest the doffers, I have
only here to describe the improved mechanism by which such operation is now
performed. As all the ordinary framing, wheels, and driving pullies which are
commonly applied to carding engines are well understood by persons conver-
sant with the general construction of such mechanism, I have omitted to shew
them in the Drawings, as they will only tend to confuse the mechanism to be at
present explained. Part of the main framing of the engine is represented at
24, 24 (see Figure 3), which is a transverse section of the carding engine, to
which brackets 25, 25, are attached by screw bolts having a tube or bush 26
cast on to them; these brackets are suitably bored to receive the main drum
shaft 27, which is allowed sufficient play, that is, not to touch any part of the
said bush when set a little out of centre; upon the brackets 25 are placed
pedestals to carry the drum shaft, and which may be adjusted by set screws
tapped into the eyes 28. The outside of the bushes 26 is accurately turned,
and the rims or centres 29, 29, are made to revolve upon them; notches 30, 30,
are cut at equal distances upon the outer edge of these rims for the purpose of
receiving the flats or top cards and securing them in their places; and the
boss of the said centre 29 on that side nearest the frame has a shoulder and
groove accurately turned upon it, by which shoulder, and the hook 31, the rim is
kept in its proper situation. The lower end of the piece 32 fits exactly into
the groove just described; moving easily upon the same, and may be removed

page_text: by taking off one half of the ring of the said piece by loosening the screw
bolts 33; upon the same piece 32 there is an arm 34, with a stud fixed to its
end, upon which stud the segment pinion 35 moves. This pinion has an arm
36, to the end of which the rod 37 is connected at one end, and the other
end of this rod is connected to the piece 38 sliding upon the bar 39, which is
fixed by the bolts 40 to the piece 32. In a bush or hoop 41+, at the upper
end of the piece 38, the cylinder of the swivel or crank 41 turns, which cylinder
is fair with the bush 41+, and has a notch 44 (see Figure 3+) corresponding
with an incision in the bush 41+, marked +; and this incision allows the
projection 42 on the flat or top card 43 to place itself into the notch 44 in
the cylinder of the swivel or crank 41 at the time when the piece 38 is
pressed upwards. The bush 41+ on the other side of the carding engine is
simply provided with a stationary notch, because the projection 42+ is only a
round stud which turns easily in the said notch (see Figure 3). Fig. 3*
represents the position of the crank 41 when the flat is fixed. The guide
frame 45, 45, with its groove 46, is fixed to the bracket 25 by the bolts 46+,
and in this groove the round nut of the bolt 47 slides and serves as a guide to
the arm 36. The rack 48 connects the spur wheel 49 with the pinion 35,
and the wheel 49 gears into the pinion 50, which is fixed upon the
doffer shaft. As the wheel 49 revolves in the direction of its arrow, it
causes the pinion 35 to revolve in the same direction; by means of the
rack 48 it lifts up the piece or slide 38 on the bar 39, and as the nut
of the bolt 47 slides in the radial groove 46, and is prevented from receding
by the dotted click marked *, the bar 39 remains stationary, because the arm
54 is one piece with the piece 32, to which the arm 39 is fixed; the notch 44
arrives at the projection 42 on that flat next the feeding apparatus, lifts it
upwards from its station, and when the stud 51 on the swivel or crank 41 arrives
at the notch 52, which is fixed to the frame, it turns the flat 43 into the position
drawn in dotted lines at 53, and, the moment the cylinder of the crank 41 has
begun to turn, the flat is prevented from falling out by the bush 41+, sec
Fig. 3. At this time the nut 47, which runs in the groove 46, will have
arrived at the point marked +; and as it cannot travel any higher in the groove,
and as the rack 48 moves along in the direction of the arrow, the radial bar or
arm 39 is caused to move towards the doffer of the engine (on the right hand
of Figure 1), until the said top card 43 arrives near the clearing rollers
54, 54, and the nut 47 arrives at the point marked in the groove 46. As this
nut cannot proceed any farther in the same direction, and as the rack is still
advancing, the nut is compelled to move in the direction of the circular groove
until the radial arm 39 and the pieces just described in connection with it will
have taken the position which is exhibited by red lines in Figure 1. As the top

page_text: card advances at the same height as it is shewn in its position drawn in dotted
lines as far as the clearing rollers 54, and stops quite close to them, these
rollers, whilst revolving at a slow speed, are taking hold of the cotton and
dirt which has been left in the flat or top card and draw it away; and at the
same time and speed as the rollers revolve the flat is moved slowly upwards
by the arm 36 into the position drawn in red at 55, and will thus have been
effectually cleaned of all the cotton and dirt which had previously adhered to
it. The cotton thus taken from the flats is immediately deposited in the
chamber or box 54 behind the rollers, and by means of two pieces of flannel
or felt which are fixed in the itudinal opening in the box, and against which the
said rollers rub as they revolve, the cotton is effectually discharged into the
box. This mode of operation I consider superior to those shewn in my former
Specifications, because it does not roll up or curl the cotton so as to render it
unfit for further use. As the notched rims in which the top cards are depo-
sited are required to advance the breadth of a top card for every revolution of
the wheel 49, the shaft 57 revolves in Itwo elbow levers 58, which are fixed to
a shaft 57+; turning in the frames of the carding engine on each side of the
shaft 57 three arms 59 are fixed, which have small studs or projections upon
their ends gearing into the notches 30 upon the rims 29. This shaft 57 is
driven from the wheel 49 means of two pairs of bevil wheels and a vertical
shaft, shewn in dotted lines at a corresponding speed to the wheel 49, and
therefore causes the rims to advance one notch at each revolution of the
wheel 49, and thus make room nearest the doffer for that flat or top card
which has been just removed from. nearest the feeding apparatus.
A further improvement in my carding engine consists in the application of
a pair of small rollers instead of a comb to the front of the doffer cylinder. In
order to doff the cotton therefrom in a more perfect way, the lower doffing
roller 60, which is placed in front of the doffing cylinder 61, is made of
wrought iron, and by means of a suitable train of gearing is caused to revolve
exactly at the same speed as the doffer cylinder. The upper doffing roller 62
rests upon the lower one, and is connected to it by a pair of small carrier
wheels; this roller is composed of a tube of brass as light as possible, and
just strong enough to perform its work, namely, to pull away the cotton from
the doffer. This upper roller must not be made of iron, as then being too
heavy it would prevent any lumps or pieces of dirt that might possibly remain
in the cottou from passing between the rollers; or if such lumps or inequali-
ties did pass, it might exert too heavy a pressure, causing the roller to lap and
carry the cotton around with it.
Another method of clearing the top cards is represented in Figures 4 and 5,

page_text: b
in which the main drum, the rims or centres by which the top cards are sup-
ported, and the frames, are nearly the same as those just described with
reference to Figures 1 and 3.; but a variation is made in the mechanism for
cleaning the top cards, although the cleaning is performed upon the same
principle as that above described. A driving pulley a receives its motion from
any pulley upon the carding engine capable of giving it an adequate speed; the
pinion upon the same shaft as the pulley a gives motion to the wheel c, and
this wheel working upon the swivel d gears with the pinion e into the mangle
wheelf. Upon the same plate or disc with the mangle wheel there is a spur
wheel g, which drives the wheel h, shewn by dots in Figure 4. This wheel is
keyed to the shaft i, upon which are also fixed the two double pullies k, having
round pins or studs set at equal distances apart in their peripheries, which pins
gear into corresponding holes pierced in the leather straps or bolts 7,1, extending
over the pullies m on the other side of the carding engine, 'and returning over
the flats n, n As the mangle wheel frevolves in one direction, the flat nearest
the said mechanism is taken hold of by the straps 1, by means of the hook o, the
morticed plate p and the pegs q, fixed into the top cards or flats (see Figure 4),
and is carried round the pulleys, over the rail r, towards and round the
pullies m, and deposited in the place nearest the doffer. The click s, which
swivels on a stud fixed to the pulley m, and opens by its own gravity in the
pulley m, revolves, takes hold of the flat n nearest the doffer, and shifts it in
its right position as the straps press upon the flats or top cards n, and
by means of the friction caused by the strap, and also by means of the
clicks, cause them to move in the direction of the arrow.
Thus the space
which has been vacated by the top card nearest the feeder is filled up by the
next succeeding top card, which top card will be prevented by the click t from
advancing any further than necessary; and that top card nearest the pullies m,
which has just been deposited, will be prevented by the click u from receding
when the strap begins to move in the reverse direction. The spur wheel has
a pinion w, shewn in dots upon its shaft, which pinion gears into the wheel 9,
and is therefore driven alternately in one direction, or in the other, according
to the motion of the mangle wheel. The cylinder x, which has a brush
extending over half its periphery, has a pinion y upon its shaft which gears
into the wheel ", and consequently the brush also revolves alternately in one
direction or the other, and the speeds of the wheels, brush, and motion of the
top cards are so contrived, that the brush upon the cylinder a cleans each top
card on its passage over the pullies /, when it is in the position shewn by the
dotted top card at z. By means of a friction hoop and lever 1, which acts
upon a rod 2, by which rod the two clearing combs 3 and 4 are connected,

page_text: one of the combs is always pressed into the brushes, as shewn by the
comb 3, and the other out, as shewn by the comb 4, and thus the cotton is
stripped off from the brush by means of the said comb 3, 'while it is brushed
from the comb 4 by the revolving brush, and thrown into a box placed
underneath the apparatus for the purpose of receiving it, and vice versa.
screw,
Another mode of cleaning the main cylinder is represented in Figures 7
and S. a, a, represents part of the main cylinder of the carding engine; b,
a section of the slide rest or bed; c, the slide; d, a screw cut in two opposite
directions, having a right and left-handed thread upon the same shaft. This
screw is caused to revolve at the required speed from any convenient part of
the carding engine. A steel segmental tooth e swivels with its pivot in the
slide c, and causes the slide to advance in the direction of the thread of the
in which it then works; but directly it comes to the end of the screw.
and meets that part of it which connects the right and left-handed thread or
groove, it is obliged to swivel round and to run (guided by the opposite thread
or groove) in the reverse direction; and in this manner causes the slide to
move in about four minutes along the slide rest b, and back again,,without
the screw changing. its motion. Upon the slide c the brackets are fixed, and
to this the brackets f+, which carry the bushes y and , and which bushes are
set in any direction by means of mortices in the said bracket f*, and by the
screw nuts upon the said bushes. In the bush g a shaft revolves, to which
the pulley and mitre wheel : are fixed. The periphery of the pulley i is
covered with a narrow but very strong row of bristles, and is driven by means
of the pulley and band m, exactly in the same manner as already described
with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, with the exception that, no change in
the speed of the pulley takes place. As the brush revolves about a quarter
of a revolution faster than the main cylinder a it is evident that, in the very
narrow space of about half an inch, the cotton is taken out of the teeth of
the cards with which the main cylinder is covered, and carried away by the
bristles in the direction of the arrow. A circular bevilled comb reaches
with its teeth so deep into the bristles of the pulley i as to strip it of its cotton
as it revolves, and, as the speed of the comb is so proportioned as to present a
clean set of teeth as the cotton comes on, it is evident that the stripping must
be perfect. This revolving comb would very soon become filled with cotton
were it not for another cylindrical brush o, revolving at the same speed and in
a similar direction; but it is of only half the diameter of the brush 7. It is
still quick enough to clear the comb n of its contents, but slow enough to
allow the main drum a to take the cotton from it and carry it up to the
further operation of the drums or flats. In order to prevent any cotton from

page_text: dropping from off the upper part of the comb down again upon the brush i,
a brass conical funnel p is fixed in the interior of the comb n. This mode
of cleaning the main cylinder of carding engines I should most particularly
recommend to be adapted to those of the old construction..
Figure 9 represents another adaptation of my improved feeding apparatus to
carding engines without the use of the licker-in roller. A roll or lap of cotton
is shewn at a, as it comes from the blower or breakers; b is a delivering roller,
as generally used in carding engines; c, an iron feeding plate, over which the
cotton is drawn by the feeding rollers d, and by them delivered to the roller e,
which is covered with cards. As these rollers all revolve at the same speed,
the cotton is carried to the main cylinder f, and combed away over the steel
blade on the trough or plate. g, exactly in a similar manner as described in
Figure 1. The trough shape of the feed plate answers the purpose of giving
it strength in the lateral and horizontal direction, and also in receiving the dirt
which may be thrown upwards by the main cylinder f.
Figure 10 represents another mode of feeding a carding engine with a licker-
in roller. The lap a and roller bare the same as just described. The plate c
forms the feeding plate in combination with the steel blade, and the delivering
or feeding rollers (d, d, in Figure 9) are entirely dispensed with. The roller e
draws the cotton over the plate c, which is combed down over the blade by
the licker-in roller f.
Figures 11 and 12 represent an apparatus constructed for the purpose of
grinding the flats or top cards, the main cylinder, and other drums are
used in carding engines which are covered with cards, and is designed for
the purpose of obtaining a true and perfect surface, as well as saving time in
the operation. A slide rest or bed a is placed upon the frame b, and the
slide d moved by the double screw e backwards and forwards, exactly in the
same manner as that described in Figures 1 and 2 and 8. The pulley
is covered with emery, and is about one inch broad, and is caused to
revolve at a great speed, similarly also to that described in Figures 1
and 2, and by the action of the screw e the said pulley with its sliding
carriage traverses over the slide rest a, at any suitable speed. Now in order
to grind or set the surface of flats or top cards by such apparatus, they are
fixed by set screws into the forks g, secured to the upright 7, which are moved
up and down in the sockets i, by means of the heart wheel and levers 7 and
m, and thus regularly presenting the surface of the card teeth to the action of
the grinding roller. The driving or strap pulley is fixed on the other end of
the shaft of the heart wheel %, and, by the wheel and pinion s, motion is
given to the band pulley o, which actuates the grinding pulley f, and, by means

page_text: of the pinion p and the wheel 7 on the screw e, the slide is moved backwards
and forwards on the bed or rest a, whilst the flat or top card is.simulta-
neously moved up and down by the action of the heart wheel. As the pulley
fis made to revolve from one thousand five hundred to two thousand revolu-
tions per minute, or even more, it is evident that the surface of the cards will
not only be more perfect and true than generally produced by the common
mode of grinding their, but the operation will be completed in about one fifth
part of the time. It will of course be evident that the same slide and
grinding apparatus may be placed upon any part of the carding engine for
similarly grinding the main and doffing cylinders when required.
Secondly, the Lap Machine.--In Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Figure 1 repre-
sents an end elevation of a machine constructed for the purpose of forming
the product of either one or several carding engines upon a bobbin, so as to
form a roll or lap with conical ends (as shewn at Figure 5). Figure 2 is
a plan or horizontal view, and Figure 3 is a front elevation of the same.
The two end frames a, a, are fixed upon a bottom plate b, which frames are
furnished with bearings, in which the drum or roller crevolves; these frames
are connected by the rod d, upon which the bush e slides; the frame fis
placed upon the rod d in such a manner as to move upon it as on its fulcrum,
and is counterbalanced by the springs g,g. The rod d also serves as the stud
upon which the driving cone revolves, whence motion is given to the drum
c by means of the wheel i, upon the same shaft with the drum c and the
carrier wheel on the stud +, with the pinion Zupon the same bush with the
cone 7, which is seen more plainly in the sectional view of the driving cone,
detached at Figure 4. The spur wheel m has a long bush fitting the bush of
the pinion and revolves easily upon it, but is pressed by a spiral spring lodged
in the recess marked 1 upon the pinion 7, towards a piece of oiled leather 2, placed
between the cone hand the wheel m, for the purpose of driving the wheel m by
friction only. This wheel gears into the pinion n fixed upon the shaft of the
double screw o, and thereby actuates the screw. The bobbin p upon which the
sliver of cotton is to be wound, is placed upon the drum c and held in its
position by notches + formed in the arm of the frame f. Now supposing the
sliver of cotton to be proceeding from the carding engine or drawing frame, it
enters this machine through the trumpet 3 upon the tube 1, and passes through
this tube down to an opening in the pressing piece s, over the roller or drum con
to the bobbin p. In order to prevent the slivers from being stretched between
the calendar rollers of the carding engine and the pressing piece s, whenever
the said pressing piece passes from one extremity of the bobbin p to the other,
the tuber is placed in a swivel hoop on one end of the bow u, and slides in the

page_text: swivel fork on the lever t, thereby advancing towards and receding from the
calender rollers of the carding engine in such a manner that the sliver
preserves almost an uniform length in whatever length it may be lapping on
the bobbin. This machine is driven by a strap passing from a small cone of
the same bevil as the cone, and which cone is fixed on the shaft of the
delivering rollers (or some other shaft of proper speed, of the carding engine
or drawing frame with which this machine is supposed to be in connexion.
Suppose now the machine to be in motion, and the strap running between the
fork Y, and driving the machine on the largest diameter of the cone pulley ;
the wheel on the same bush as the cone pulley will give motion to the
drume by means of the carrier wheel and the wheel i on the same shaft
with the drum. Now the drum e will turn the bobbin p by friction, which
bobbin, by means of the pinion 4, the carrier 5, and the pinion 6, fixed on the
shaft of the double screw o, will give motion to the tube 7, which slides upon
the bar 8 by means of the tooth 9, which swivels in a projection at the end of
the tube 7. As the resistance of the double screw o, which has to move the
levers and guides that form the winding-on and shortening motion, may in
some instances be greater than the friction of the bobbin p on the drum c
would have the power to overcome, the pinion n on the shaft of the double
screw geers into the wheel m, which is driven by friction from the cone
pulley h, and in this manner relieves the bobbin p from the resistance which
the motion of the screw o would otherwise offer to it. The slivers now are
supposed to wind or lap around the bobbin p at such a distance from one
another as the screw o and the shortening motion guide them; and as the
tube 7 'is connected with the slide lever 10, which moves on the stud 11, by
means of a rod 12 (see Figure 1, dotted lines, and Figure 3, red lines), that
lever is caused to follow the motion of the screw, and therefore moves the
bush e by means of the link 13 (see Figure 1, dotted lines, and Figure 3, red
lines) on the rod d along the whole length of the drum e; and as the piece u
and pressers are fixed to the said bush e, it is evident that the slivers of
cotton must be wound upon the bobbin p'in a spiral line corresponding to that
of the double screw o. The different wheels 4, 5, and 6 are so proportioned,
that for each change which takes place in the double screw the slivers take
another situation upon the bobbin p, so as to cover its whole surface regularly;
but as the bobbin increases in diameter with the continuous winding-on of the
sliver, the reciprocating motion must be shortened in the same proportion (see
the roving, Figure 5), and the speed of the roller c must be increased in
proportion as the same number of spiral lines come within a shorter compass.
The increase of the bobbin p raises the frame f, by which the bobbin is held;

page_text: and as the lever t is fixed to the said frame, as already stated, the bush or
socket 14, into which the lower end of the lever t. is lodged, shifts in the
direction of the arrow, and by means of the elbow lever 15, one end of which
is also lodged in the socket 14, the slide 16 is raised in the slot of the lever 10;
as this lover receives its motion from the tube 7 by means of the rod 12 and
the socket 17 swivelling in the slide 16, it is evident that, in proportion as
the said socket approaches the upper part of the lever 10, the motion of the
bush e, and therewith the motion of the pressing pieces, must become shorter,
and consequently form a bobbin with conical ends, as shewn in Figure 5.
The motion of the strap upon the cone is performed by the elbow lever,
which is connected with the frame f by the rod 18, and consequently the strap
is shifted from one end of the cone h to the other, exactly in the same pro-
portion as the diameter of the bobbin increases. Another mode of forming laps
or rolls from the carding engine is represented in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
Figure 6 represents a side elevation of the machine; Figure 7, a front view;
and Figure 8, a plan or horizontal view of the same. The bottom or formation
plate is shewn at a, a, having one end made with a recess or chamber, contain-
ing the lower part of the mechanism; b, b, is the upright framing; c, the top or
cover of the chamber of the plate a. There is a projecting socket & cast on the
cover c, in which the shaft or spindle e is inserted (see the detached sectional
view, Figure 9); upon this spindle the worm fis keyed, and in the upper part
of the same is a boss to receive a spur wheel g, and in this boss a step or
bearing is bored. A worm wheel / turning upon a stud fixed to the bracket
i
gears into the worm f, and by means of the bevilled wheel drives the
bevilled wheel l, fixed to the heart wheel m revolving on the stud n, which is
fixed to the stay piece o; the bar p has a slot q, through which the stud n passes,
and by means of a friction roller rests against the heart wheel m. An
upright iron tube s (see section, Figure 9) is supported in the step of
the spindle e, which step my be either squared or provided with a
a steady pin, in order to prevent the tube s from turning in it. The
upper end of the tube s fits loosely into a recess of the concave top plate t
(seen clearly in the detached sectional Figure 10), and tight upon the bush n,
being held to the lever by the screw w, but revolving easily upon it.
The concave top plate t is fixed to the frame 6 by means of the arm v, and
may be lifted and lowered in its place again when required. A spout or
trumpet a moves in a carrier y fixed in the arm v, and is actuated by an
elbow lever z, connected by the rod 1 to the lever 2, fixed upon the shaft 3.
The shaft 3 works in a bracket 4, cast upon the frame at
other end in an upright 5, fixed to the plate or cover c.
one end, at the
On the tube s

page_text: slides the bush 6, with a convex bottom plate, which is so formed that its
concave inside shall nearly fit the convex outside of the top plate t. Upon the
same shaft
the lever 7 is also fixed, which is connected by means of the
mortice S, and the stud in the projection 9 to the bar 22. The driving
pullies 10 receive their motion from the main cylinder of the carding engine,
or any other part which will produce the required speed. The horizontal
shaft 11, upon which the pulley 10 is keyed, has a longitudinal groove that
prevents the pulley 12 from turning round as it travels to and fro. A bracket
13 embraces the boss of the pulley 12, and causes the pulley to move along
the shaft 11 with the bar p, which bar receives its motion from the spindle e
by means of the disc 14, which is driven by the friction of the pulley 12, the
shaft 15, which revolves in the socket 16, and to which the disc 14 is fixed,
the wheel 17, the carriers 18 and 19, and the spur wheel g, which is fast on
the spindle e, and the worm f, fixed to the same spindle e, the worm wheel
and bevil wheel, which revolve on a stud fixed to the bracket i, the bevil
wheel upon the bush of the heart wheel m, and revolving on the stud n. The
heart wheel m also gives reciprocating motion to the bar p, by acting against
the friction roller 7. It is to be observed that the centre of the shaft 11 does
not correspond with the centre of the disc 14, because its position is such that
the pulley upon the said shaft has a tendency to approach the centre of the
disc without being pressed by a weight or spring, on account of the angle which
the friction pulley 12 forms with the centre of the disc, and it is for this reason
that the heart wheel m need to act upon one friction pulley only. In order
to assist the easy and uniform motion of the bar p there are two friction
pullies 20, which support it, being guided on both sides by the top part of
the bottom plate a, between which it slides. The slot q is for the purpose of
allowing the stud n to pass through the bar.
Suppose now the carding engine to be put in motion, and at the same
time this machine, by means of its connection by the pulleys 10 and the
friction pulley 12, to be where it is placed in the Drawing, and causing the
disc 14 to revolve at the greatest speed in the direction of the arrow, and
to cause the spindle e and the tube s to revolve at a speed exactly corre-
sponding with that of the delivering rollers of the carding engine, and at the
*same time to actuate the heart wheel m as well as the spindle e, by means of
the shaft 15, the pinion 17, the carrier wheels 18 and 19, and the spur
wheel y on the spindle e, and by means of the worm on this spindle the
worm wheel h and the bevil wheel (which revolve on a stud fixed on
the bracket), the bevil wheel which is fixed to the bush of the heart wheel
m, upon the stud n fixed to the bracket o (see Figure 9). The sliver of

page_text: 8%;
cotton proceeding from the carding engine passes through the moveable spout
x, and the first layer of cotton will be wound round in the tube
but in pro-
portion as the tube with its bush 6 and convex plate revolves, the spout or
guide a is moved in the direction of the arrow, and delivers the cotton through
a mortice or slot in the disc t (see Figure 10) (exactly in a similar manner to the
mortice applied to the same purpose, and described in my Patent of 1835), in
a spiral line or coil upon the disc 6 (which disc is covered with felt or flannel),
by means of the crank 21, the rod 21+, the elbow lever, the vertical rod 1,
the lever 2, the shaft 3, and the lever 7, with its mortice S, which acts upon a
screw fixed in the bracket 9 of the bar p, and in this manner the spout a is
compelled to follow exactly the motion of the heart wheel m, the shape of
which is such as to lay the slivers or rovings of cotton close to one another in
a perfect spiral line or coil, and to shift the pulley 12 on the shaft 11, in such
a manner as to accommodate the speed of the disc 14 to the respective
diameters which the spout a describes in the concave top plate, and at the
same time the sliding bush 22 which moves on the bar 23 with its arm 22+,
upon which the bush 6 is supported, and to which the staples 24 are fixed, is
pressed upwards against the convex part of the stationary plate t by the straps
25, which straps pass over the pullies 26, and are attached at the other end to
the cross bar 27, to the middle of which the weight 28 is suspended, and the
said sliding bush and plate 6 is compelled to recede in proportion as the cotton,
accumulates between the two discs. Suppose the coil of cotton to be formed
to any convenient height ready to be stripped or doffed, the top plate t is lifted
and thrown back by means of the arm which moves on the pin 29. The
tube s with the sliding bush and disc 6 is taken out of its socket at e, and a
tin tube with its spherical bottom is put into the tube s, and the coil of cotton,
by means of the said bush 6, stripped from the tube s on to the tin tube 30;
and in this manner the slivers of cotton are ready to come off from the convex
part of the coil 31 (see Figure 11), and taken into the following machine in
precisely the same manner with respect to the state of the fibres, as they came
out from the preceding machine. Or, by an easy modification, the coil may
be formed according to Figure 11*, with the guide outside.
Another improvement in making laps or rolls of cotton is represented in
Figures 12 and 13, and consists in replacing the swivel plates of the lap
nachine as described in my former Patents, by circular discs a, which are
ixed upon shafts b, and revolve in bearings c cast on the frame d. The
liscs a have the spur wheels e cast upon them, which are compelled to move
imultaneously by the two pinions f keyed upon the shaft g.
Now suppose
he lap roller to be in motion, and the cotton proceeding from the calender

page_text: rollers i, and passing through my improved guide or presser (see plan view
of the same, Figure 14) on to the lap roller n and round the bobbin o, and the
said lap of cotton on the bobbin o having increased to such a size as to touch
the empty bobbin m, the boy who attends the machine will have only to
turn the crank p in the direction of the arrow, cause the discs a to move on, and
thereby to bring the full lap on the roller o, away from its situation, and the
empty roller m into it, without in the least interfering with the pregress of
the machine, because the lap of cotton is only to be torn in two, laid over the
roller m, and the full bobbin o is to be removed.
Thirdly, the Drawing Frame.-In Sheet 3 my improved drawing frame is
represented in the various Figures, from 1 to 7, the mechanism of which is so
arranged as to form the slivers into rovings or coils similar to those already
described with reference to the lap machine in Sheet 2. The drawing appa-
ratus itself is omitted in the Figures, as it may be supposed to be one made
similarly to those described in my former Patents, or almost any common drawing
frame can be applied to this apparatus, of which Figure 1 is an end elevation,
Figure 2 a front elevation, and Figure 3 a plan or horizontal,view as seen
from above. a represents the front drawing rollers, from which the slivers
proceed through the twister b, and the mortice or slot in the spericl disc or top
plate c, exactly in the same manner as described in the former machine. The
convex disc d with its bush, the tube e, the pivot f, the socket or wheel y, as
well as the bearer or holder h, are similar to those already described in the
former machine, with the only exception that the wheel g is a bevil instead of
a spur wheel fixed upon the shaft i, which shaft or stud revolves in the socket
or stop of the piece k, which piece is at the same time the bearing of the
shaft, from which the tubes e with their discs d (here supposed to be twelve in
number) receive their motion. The shaft 7 has the spur wheel m fixed upon one
end, and revolves in the bearing n of the frame o, and is driven by the pinion p
fixed on the shaft of the differential cone 9, which cone is shewn in section in
Figure 5. The neck of the cone q is made of wrought iron, and fixed to the
disc of the cone, and revolves in the bearing s of the frame (o), sec Figure 2.
In the other disc of the cone 2 there is a wrought iron bush t fixed into it,
which revolves on the shaft u, having a spur wheel » fixed upon it, and upon
the other end, inside the cone, another spur wheel . There are two bushes a
and a fixed into the discs of the cone in which the shaft, y revolves. Upon
the shaft y the wheels z and z¹ are keyed, the latter z¹ gearing into the wheel
w, and the wheel z into the pinion 1, which is fixed upon the differential shaft. 2,
upon which shaft the wheel p is keyed, and gives motion, by means of the
wheel m, to the line shaft l, upon which the bevil wheels 3 are fixed, which gear
""

page_text: into the bevil wheels g. The worin 4, upon the shaft l, works the worm wheel
5, which moves upon the stud 6, on the bracket 7, fixed to the bottom plate 8.
Upon the same bush with this worm wheel a pinion 9 is fixed, which gears
into the wheel 10, fixed upon the bush 11, see Figure 7, and this -bush
revolves upon the stud 12, fixed into the bracket 13, screwed to the frame o.
Now suppose the machine to be set in motion by the driving strap being
passed around the pulley 14, and by means of the shaft 15 and the pinion.1.6
giving motion to a set of drawing rollers, and by the wheel -17, fixed upon the
shaft 15, the carriers 18 and 19, and the wheel on the shaft u, the train of
wheels w, z, and z¹ (see Figure 5), pinion 1 on the differential shaft 2, the spur
wheels P and m to the shaft l, and by the mitre wheels 3 and g to the spindles
or tubes e. Now the cone 20 gives motion to thé différential cone q by means
of the strap 21 and the tightening pullies 2 and 23, which latter works in a
balance fork 24, hanging to the frames o. The elbow lever 25. guides the
strap. 21, by means of the rod 26 and the weight 27, on the other end of the
elbow lever, and receives its motion from a morticed rod or bar 28 (see Figure
.7), by means of the heart wheel 29, working against. the pulley 30. (see
Fig. 7), and as the heart wheel 29, which is fixed upon the bush of the wheel
10, revolves, the elbow lever 25 gives motion to the strap. 21 to and fro, aud
thereby causes the speed of the differential cone q to vary in such a manner as
to proportion the same to the different diameters of the bobbin or coil, by
.means of the train of wheels and differential shaft described in Fig. 5. At the
same time the heart wheel 29+ (see also Figures 6 and 7) gives motion to
the horizontal shaft 30+ (see Fig. 2), by means of the rod 31, the pulley 32,
the lever 33, the upright shaft 34, and the bevil wheels 34+; and by means of
the arms 35 on the shaft 30+, the rod 36 and the pin or screw 37 on the
twisted bush, moves the twister 38 along the slot or mortice 39 in the spherical
disc c (see also Figure 3) to and fro in such a manner as to lay the slivers
close to one another in a spiral line; and for the purpose of accomplishing the
same, the shape of the heart is determined accordingly. A rotary motion is
given to the twister 38, by means of a band 40, extending over any convenient
number of twisters, and over the guide pullies 41, and the driving pulley 42,
upon the cone shaft 15, within the cone, and the slight false twist so given to
the slivers merely serves to prevent the cotton from entangling anywhere in
the drawing rollers or in the twister. The shaft 41+ has snails 42+ in two or
three places, around which a chain or band is passed, to one end of which the
weight 43 is suspended, and to the other the beam 44. This beam has the
bearers / screwed to it, by means of round bolts 45, upon which they swing,
and is bolted to the bushes 46, which slide upon the bars 47. Suppose now
C

page_text: the formation of a bobbin or a coil to commence, the concave disc d, which is
lined with felt or fannel inside, is held up by the weight 43 against the convex
disc c, and in proportion as the cotton comes from the drawing rollers a it is
drawn through the twisters 38 and the slot 39 by the friction of the disc d,
upon which it is laid down in a spiral form, as already explained, and as the
layers increase in number the dics d, held by the beam 44, are depressed,
and the coil is formed. Suppose now the coil to be finished, the discs c,
which are fixed to the bent levers 48, are laid back, a tin tube, with a convex
disc at its lower end, as previously described, is put into the tube e, and, by
means of the sliding disc d, the tube e is stripped of its coil.
Fourthly, the Roving Frame.-My improvements in the roving frame are
exhibited in Sheet 3 of the Drawings, in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, which repre-
sent several views of a coil frame, upon which rovings of any convenient number
may be formed, merely by proportioning the size of the coil and the various
proportions of the mechanism to the numbers required. The general con
struction of the machine does not vary from the frame just described in
most of its essential parts; the principal difference consists in the method of
giving twist to the rovings, and in the manner of stripping the bobbins or coils
from the spindles. I will therefore merely refer to those parts just mentioned.
A cast-iron beam a extends the whole length of the frame, and is fixed in any
convenient manner to the frames which support the set of drawing rollers of
the bobbin frame; b, b, are bushes fixed into the beam a; c, round studs, also
fixed into the beam; d, d, bushes which move up and down upon the studs c;
e is a rod working on the screw f, fixed into the bush d, and extending down
to the elbow lever g. This elbow lever is exactly similar to the lever 25 in
Figure 2, except that there is an arm extending from the bush of the said
elbow lever, to which arm the rod e is connected. The angular beam h is
fixed to the bushes d, and this angular beam is moved up and down by the
arm g (moving on a stud of the bracket 9+ and the rod e; similar brackets and
elbow levers are placed in several other parts of the frame, and are connected
by the rod i for the purpose of moving the beam h perfectly horizontal; as the
shaft gives motion to the heart wheels in the way already described, and as
the bearings are fixed to the said beam h, they cause the bush n to travel
up and down upon the hollow spindle m, to which they give steadiness and
through which hollow spindle the rovings proceed, and from there through the
spout p and slot in the disc c unto the coil. The crank lever o being fixed on the
spout p, and connected with the rod q, which works upon a pin of the bush n,
and the said spout p moving in a bearing r, which bearing, as well as the disc
c+, are fixed upon the spindle m, it is evident that all those pieces fixed upon

page_text: the spindle m, must move round the same axis when set in motion by the bavil
wheels 8 and t, and at the same time cause the spout p to move along the
slot, and to perform the same operation as previously described, that is, to lay
the rovings which are here in a permanent twisted state in a spiral line or coil.
As the convex disc shewn in Figure 9, and detached in Figure 11, is fixed
upon and revolves with the hollow spindle m, the same disc could not be laid
back for doffing; and it is therefore necessary that the tube z (shewn in Figure
8 and 11, and which tube is held in its place at its upper end by a pivot
on the spindle m) should be drawn down on its spindle te for the purpose
of doffing or stripping the coil or bobbin from the same. The tube or socket
u, which swivels on a bush, has a foot or projection v upon it (see Fig. 11+)
which allows the spindle e+ and the tube z to assume an inclined position
while it is being stripped. The stripping in this machine merely differs from
that already explained in the tin tube which receives the rovings not being
introduced into the tube on account of a bearing fixed into the said tube,
which fits the pivot of the spindle m (see Fig. 11).
Another improvement upon the machinery described under my Patent of
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five consists in a reciprocating twisting
motion, and which is exhibited in Figures 12 and 13. The plate or frame a
is to be fixed to the frames of the lap machine in any convenient manner, and
in this frame a a bush is fixed, in which the shaft b revolves, upon which the
pulley is keyed. Over this pulley and the smaller pulley or roller d, which
turns with its lower end or shaft in the socket e, screwed to the frame a, the
strap fruns; and over this strap and also over the pulley or roller g, some-
what larger in its diameter than the roller d, and running in a socket e, as
already described, the strap h works, and therefore the strap h is carried
round by the strap f. To this strap piece, i is attached, having a swivel at its
top, to which the two ends of the line k are tied. This line passes over the
guide pulleys l, m, and n, the twisters o and the guide pulleys p and q. Now as
the pulley c revolves, the strap carries along with it the strap h, and by
means of the link i pulls along the band / in the direction of the arrow, and in
this mnnner move the twisters in one direction, but as soon as the link
arrives at and goes round the small roller or pulley d, it pulls the band
with it in the other direction, and thereby causes the twisters to reverse their
motion instantaneously and to continue revolving in the other until the link
i arrives at the place marked * on the roller or pulley g, and there again
instantaneously changes the direction of motion of the twisters in the same
sudden manner, without causing any jerk.
Another mode of changing the motion of the twisters partly described under

page_text: my Patent of One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, is represented in
Figures 14 and 15, and consists in a mechanism which causes the calendar
rollers to pause for a moment whilst the change of motion is taking place. a is
a mangle wheel fixed on the shaft balong with the spur wheel c and bevil wheel d,
which gears into the bevil pinions e and et, working loosely on the shaft f.. Now,
suppose the mangle wheel to work in the direction of the black arrows, the bevil
wheel d will turn the bevil pinion et in the direction of the black arrow; and as
the click g+, which is screwed in the bevel wheel 1+, catches the recess marked +
in the bush or disc h+, which being pressed against the inside of the rim of the
bush + by a spring, and the said bush being fast on the shaft f, it is evident
that the will be turned in the direction of the black arrow. The
bevil wheel e turns loosely upon the shaft fin the opposite direction, in
consequence of the click g acting upon the bushes or discs in the same
direction, but as soon as the mangle wheel a begins to turn in the direction
of the red arrow, the click g will in its turn catch the recess of the bush or
disc h, and drive the shaft in the direction of the red arrow, whilst the
bevil wheel et turns loose upon the shaft
explained with reference to the bevil wheel e.
whatever direction the mangle wheel turns, the shaft will always work
unaltered in the same direction. The calendar or fluted rollers receiving their
motion from the shaft must slacken their speed in the same proportion
as the pinion which works the mangle wheel causes it to slacken its speed
in going alternately over its last tooth, and even to stop a moment in going
over the same, which will give the twisters the time necessary to change
their direction of motion, so that no untwisted part will appear in the rovings.
The twisters are driven as usual from the spur wheel c by means of the pinion
i which gears into it, and the band pulley k on the stud 1, which is fixed into
the frame of the machine to which the apparatus may be applied.
for a similar reason as that
It is therefore evident that in
Figs. 16 and 17 merely represent the application of a twister between
two sets of drawing rollers for the purpose of equalizing rovings, which
application I have clearly described in my Patent for spinning and doubling,
dated One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven, for the purpose of
equalizing yarn instead of giving afterdraft.
Fifthly, my improvements apply particularly to those machines using in
spinning, called or known by the name of "mules." In Sheet 4, Figures 1,
2, 3, 4, represent the application to ordinary mules (for spinning either fine
or coarse numbers) of a novel and peculiar construction of differential cones,
whereby, without altering the speed of the driving cone, and by. merėly
shifting the trap which connects the two cones, a motion is produced in

page_text: opposite directions, which I call plus and minus or positive and negative
motions. These cones, with their interior mechanism, form the principal parts
of a machine which may be considered entirely separate from the mule as
ordinarly constructed.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal elevation of this apparatus; Fig. 2 a side
elevation of the same, shewn in connection with a common mule; Fig. 3,
a plan or horizontal view; and Fig. 4, a section of the differential cone
shewn detached.. This improved machinery with the addition of some other
mechanism may readily be converted into a self-actor or spiuner by itself,
and only connected with the mule by bands or straps, and by a shaft giving
motion to the rollers. In the present instance, however, I only apply this appa-
ratus as a mechanism to enable children or women to put up the carriage of
the largest mules, or even of several mules coupled together, without the
slightest labour or fatigue and without the necessity of quitting the station or
place they stand upon. a, a, is a cast-iron bottom or foundation plate, upon
which the cast-frames b, c, d, e and f are fixed; g is the driving shaft receiving
its motion from any convenient part of the gearing by means of a strap passed
round the pulley h; upon this shaft are fixed the cones i and . Suppose now
this apparatus to be in motion, the straps and m being upon the stations shewn
in the Drawing, the bevil wheel n upon the shaft o out of gear, and the shaft
g with the cones i and k and the spur wheel p and p¹ revolving at the speed
of seven hundred revolutions per minute, or more or less as may be requisite,
cones and revolving at the speed proportionate to the respective diameters
at the places on which the strap works, the shafts and the shaft t with the
spur wheel sand t, and which are driven by the wheels p and p', and the
carriers u and u¹, revolving at a speed proportionate to the number of teeth,
then the wheel v fixed upon the shaft s (see Fig. 4) will act upon the differ-
ential shaft w by means of the pinion æ, the wheel y fixed upon a common
shaft z, and by means of the pinion a fixed upon the shaft w in such a manner
that the said shaft w does not revolve at all, because now the wheel y upon
the shaft, which revolves in the steps 6 fixed into the discs c and c¹ of the
cone 7, merely whirls round the pinion a without acting upon it; but the
moment the strap m is shifted towards the smaller diameter of the cone ",
and consequently towards the. larger of the cone k, the speed of the cone
r is accelerated, and, as the speed of the shafts remains precisely the same, it
is evident that the pinion a must move round the wheel at a greater speed
than before, and by so doing must cause the shaft w, by means of the wheel y
and pinion a, to revolve in the contrary direction to that in which the cone r
turns, which motion I call the negative motion. But when the strap is

page_text: shifted towards the larger diameter of the cone 7, the speed of the cone will
become less than the speed of the shaft s, and the "pinion & will also move
round the wheel v at a slower speed than before, and slower than the wheel v
itself, and consequently increase its speed on its own axis s, and cause the
shaft w to revolve in the direction in which the cone runs, which I call the
positive motion. It is clear that if the speed of the cone were exactly equal
to that of the shaft s, the wheels x and y could not move round their own
axis, and would connect the shaft w to the shaft s, the shaft wand the cone v
would be exactly similar, and it is therefore only due to the variation of the
speeds of the cone that the motion of the shaft w reverses. The band
pulley d upon the shaft w gives motion by means of the drum band e to
the drum of the mule carriage, and consequently drives the spindles g; and
the worm pulley h, by means of the band i, gives motion to the carriage,
and is itself set in motion by a similar train of wheels and shafts to that
described in Fig. 4, and by the pinion and the wheel / keyed to the shaft of
the said worm pulley. Supposing now the mule carriage to be run out,-
that is to say, the spinning the afterdraft and twist and the backing off
motions all performed, and the carriage réady to put up, or rather the yarn
ready to be wound upon the spindles, and the straps m and on the point of rest,
and the bevil wheel n out of gear, so that no part of the mule is in motion,:
the girl appointed to put up the carriage, has only to take hold with the
right hand of the lever m, and of the lever n with the left hand, and while
she moves the lever n in the direction of the arrow Fig. 2, for the purpose of
pressing down the faller o by means of the bent lever p, the rod q, the lever 1,
the pullies s and t, and the band u, fixed with one end to the bracket v, and
the other end to the lower part of the lever n, she has to move the lever m
also a little in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 1) for the purpose of shifting
the strap towards the smaller end of the cone q, and thereby causing
the mule carriage to be moved by the worm pulley h in the direction of the
arrow towards herself, and at the same time, by moving the lever m a little in
the direction of the arrow (see Fig. 2), to draw the strap m towards the
smaller end of the cone r, by means of the sliding bush won the square bar a,
the rod y, and the lever on the shaft 1, and in this manner cause the spindles g
to revolve in the contrary direction to their ordinary one, and thus cause the
yarn to unwind to a certain extent, and thus enable the faller o to press the
yarn towards the bearings of the spindles, and the pulley 1+
upon the sharper
16. The girl who is putting up will not only feel the tightness or looseness of
the yarn by moving the lever n, but the counter faller 2 will move the index 3
in one direction or in the other on the arch 4, by means of the rod 5, the arm

page_text: 6, the pullies 7, 8, and 9, and the band 10, which is fixed to the same bracket
vat one end, and at the other to the lower end of the hand or index 3. The
backing off thus performed, the girl will move the lever m in the contrary
direction to that of the arrow in Fig. 2, and at the same time in the contrary
direction to that of the arrow in Fig. 1, and therefore cause the strap m to
move at any required speed towards the larger diameter of the cone r, and thus
cause the spindles to revolve in their ordinary direction, and wind on the yarn
which is pressed down by the faller o, and also the strap / to move towards
the larger diameter of the cone q, by means of the sliding bush 11 on the bar x,
the rod 12, the bent lever 13, the bush 14, and the rod. 15, which is connected
with the shorter end of the lever m. Now in proportion as the strap-l moves
from the point of rest on the cone 2 towards the larger diameter of the said
cone, the mule carriage will be moved towards the rollers by means of the
snail or worm pulley h, the wheel, and the pinnion h, on the differential shaft
of the cone q; and as the faller is pressed down upon the shaper 16, and the
counter faller 2 clearly shews the stress or tightness of the arm by the index
3, and as, moreover, the girl, who has her hand upon the lever n, also very
easily ascertains the tightness of the yarn,-the strap m, by the means already.
explained, is moved to that place of the cones and 7 which causes the
spindles g to revolve at the corresponding speed with the speed or running in of
the carriage. The shaper 16 may be constructed in the ordinary manner, and
may be raised as usual by the action of the carriage. Supposing now the mule
carriage to be put up with the spindles g to be in the position of the dotted
spindle g+, the lever 17 to be moved in the direction of the arrow by a brass
or iron hoop on the rope or baud i, and thereby the bevil wheel n, by the
action of the lever 17, to be brought into gear with the bevil pinion 18 by the
said hoop coming in contact with the fork 17+, the strap m to be somewhere
about the place marked + + upon the cones k and r, and therefore the
spindles already running at a moderate speed, the lever 19 (which is connected
by the rod 20 with the bush 11 and therefore with the strap 7) just dropped
down from the elevation on the disc 21 to the nearly circular part of the same
disc, the lever 22 risen on the inclined plane 23 of the larger disc nearly to
the circular part of the same, and the strap moved by the action of the lever
19 so much towards the smaller part of the cone 7 as to cause the carriage to
go out in the direction of the arrow at a speed nearly equal to that of the fluted
rollers until the said carriage arrives at the place where the afterdraft is
to begin, by which time the point on the disc 21 marked + will have arrived
at the other side of the small pulley 24 on the lever 19, and will cause the
lever 19 to move the strap a little towards the larger diameter of the cone q,

page_text: and therefore towards the point of rest, whereby the speed of the carriage will
be reduced to the extent required for the afterdraft, and at the same time
the place marked on the larger disc will have arrived at the rolled 25 of the
lever 22, and will have moved the strap m still nearer the larger diameter of
the cone, and thereby increased the speed of the spindles to that velocity
which is required for the afterdraft and the finishing twist, and the strap
will remain on the larger diameter of the cone » until the roller 25 will have
passed over the place marked 26 on the larger disc, and by gilding down the
enclined plane + + will have shifted the strap m again to the point of rest,
the disc 21, on the same axis with the larger disc, will also have performed
its revolution, and the lever 19, by coming again to the place in which it is
drawn, will have caused the strap l to move also upon the point of rest, by which
time the stretch will have been performed. I wish it to be here observed, that,
just before the afterdraft commences, a piece marked 27, and shewn in
dotted lines upon the carriage ban i, has lifted up the click 28, and allowed
the lever 17 to escape and to throw the bevil wheel n out of gear, and thereby
stopped the rollers. The motion is given to the discs which move the levers 19
and 22 by a worm 29, a worm wheel 30, a pinion 31, and a wheel 32, which is
fixed upon the same axis with the discs., The moment the lever 22 has arrived
in the position in which it is shew in Fig. 1, the lower arm of the said lever,
marked 22+, will have disengaged the click 33 (see Fig. 3) from the lever 34 ou
the lower part of the vertical shaft 35, and by means of the forked lever 35+
the clutch or catch box 36, which connects, by means of two pins, the worm
wheel 30 with the pinion 31, will have disengaged from the said pinion, and
will thereby stop the action of the discs until the carriage is running in again.
This precaution is necessary in order to prevent the disc from moving on, in
case a delay should take place between the finishing of the stretch and the
putting up. A cast-iron arm 37 is fixed to the carriage, by which the double
inclined plane 38 is lifted up, and when the knob + on the bar 37 has arrived
at the place in which it is now seen, the click 18 will drop down by its own
gravity, and place the inclined plane 39 behind the knob +, so that the
moment the carriage moves towards the roller beam the upright shaft 35 will
be turned a little, and thereby connect again, by means of the clutch box 36,
the worm wheel 30, with the pinion 31, and thus put the discs into motion. A
spiral spring 40 pushes the pinions 31 towards the worm wheel, but allows it with
its disk to recede in case the pins on the clutch box 36 should not chance to
meet any of the holes. A spiral spring 41, which is fixed to the frame b, pulls
the lever 22 towards the centre of the disc, and thereby moves the strap m always
towards the point of rest. A shoulder on the rod 42 prevents the bush 43, to

page_text: TUMPHRYS, Extra.
which the lever 22 is linked, from moving beyond the station of the bar 42 in
which it is now shewn; but the spiral spring 44 allows the said rod 42 to
recede towards the larger end of the cone & without forcing the lever 22 out of
its place, and the moment the hand of the girl who is putting up has with-
drawn from the lever m the spiral spring 44, pulls the shoulder of the rod 42
again into contact with the bush 43, and, by means of the sliding bush w, the
strap m is again put upon the point of rest. Precisely the same arrangement
is made with respect to the lever 19, with this only difference, that the spiral
spring 45 acts in the opposite direction to the spring 44.
And lastly, having thus particularly described my present improvements in
the machinery for carding, drawing, roving, and spinning cotton and other
fibrous materials, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I
deem perfectly unnecessary to recapitulate the several features of novelty, but
desire it to be understood, that I claim under my present Patent all such novel
arrangements of mechanism or apparatus as are faithfully delineated in the
annexed four Sheets of Drawings, and herein particularly described with
reference to the several Figures therein contained, excepting only such parts
or motions as have been exclusively claimed by me in my former Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Bodmer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
JOHN GEORGE (L.s.) BODMER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of April, in the
second year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said John
George Bodmer came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of Anril
thousand night 1...