Improvements in or relating to Brick Moulds or Dies.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Brick Moulds or Dies.
I, EDWARD CAMMISS, of Cowpen, Bewley, in the County of Durham, Brick
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to brick moulds or dies used in connection with brick
making machines, and has special reference to the formation of such moulds com-
bined with the means employed for lubricating the clay.
The object of my invention is to construct the mould or die in which is combined
a particular internal formation for compressing the clay uniformly to avoid roughened
and torn edges and with an effective means for supplying lubrication freely at every
part from one source of supply.
In carrying my invention into effect I make the die casing of wood or other
suitable material, and line the inside with narrow strips or flaps of metal each of
which strips is separately secured thereto along one of its edges by means of screws
or their equivalents.
These narrow metal strips are arranged to overlap each other so that the
lubricant used such as creosote oil, water or steam oozes out from behind them and
lubricates the whole surface of the clay in contact with the mould. In order to
supply the lubricant to all parts of the internal surface of the mould, I arrange a
series of conduits behind these metal strips which are merely recesses or grooves
formed in the inner surface of the die casing, and which pass round the sides and
corners of the mould these conduits communicate with each other and with a feed
hole arranged through one side of the mould by means of a tube or passage running
transversely behind the said conduits and in a line with the feed hole.
The die is constructed with suitably tapered sides and ends, the opening next the
machine which I construct with its corners rounded being of greater dimensions
than the opening at the finishing side which is constructed to the form of a true
rectangle.
The advantage of the rounded corners of the die combined with effective lubrica-
tion is that the clay is more uniformly compressed allows of a more easy passage
of the clay and is not roughened or torn at the corners which are sharp and clean.
It is obvious that I do not limit myself to the precise form of brick as the contour
of the die may be varied to correspond with the form of brick required.
Dated this 10th den of Mawah 1800
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Brick Moulds or Dies.
I, EDWARD CAMMISS, of Cowpen, Bewley, in the County of Durham, Brick
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to brick moulds or dies used in connection with brick
making machines in which the clay is pressed through the mould or die in the
plastic condition in which it leaves the pug mill and has special reference to the
internal formation of such moulds combined with the means employed for lubricating
the clox

page_text: In passing clay in the plastic state through moulds or dies as usually constructed
it is found in practice that the pressure on the clay from the internal surface of the
mould or die is unequally distributed the clay being more compressed towards the
middle of the sides than at the corners with the result that an excess of driving
power is required to overcome an excess of friction between the clay and the sides
of the mould whilst the clay at the corners not being similarly compressed is less
dense and instead of forming clean sharp edges the said corners are apt to be torn
and rugged.
The object of my invention is to construct a mould or die in which a particular
internal formation which facilitates a uniform compression of the clay at all parts
of the surface to avoid unnecessary friction or roughened and torn edges is combined
with effective means for supplying lubrication freely to every part of the mould
preferably from one source of supply or feed hole.
In carrying my invention into effect I make the die casing of wood or other
suitable material: when made of wood the sides and ends consisting of separate
parts are dovetailed and bolted together so as to be readily taken to pieces when
required. I furnish the inside of the mould or die with narrow overlapping strips
or flaps of metal which serve as the internal lining thereof behind which a series of
conduits are arranged in the die casing to communicate with each other and
preferably with one source of supply or one feed hole so that the lubricant used such
as creosote oil; water or steam supplied to the feedhole oozes out from behind the
internal lining and lubricates the whole surface of the clay as it passes through the
inside of the mould or die.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will now refer to the drawing which accompanies this Specification in which
is illustrated a die or mould constructed according to my invention and to-the-pro-
portions required for the manufacture of ordinary building bricks which proportions
can of course_be_varied for any other size of bricks as required.
In the drawing Figures 1 and 2 are front and back elevations-of the-mould
respectively, that is Figure 1 is the end of the mould at which the clay is discharged
in its finished or rectangular form and Figure 2 is the other side of the mould
opposite to the pug mill and into which the clay is received in the plastic condition
as it oozes out from the pug mill, Figures 3 and 4 are corresponding sectional views
taken on lines, and y y, respectively of Figure 1.
It will be observed in the drawings and more especially in Figures 1 and 2 that
the internal formation of the mould in addition to the usual taper from back to front
has the corners enlarged and rounded which enlargement and curvature becomes
merged into the rectangular configuration at the discharging side of the mould
where the orifice corresponds to the finished dimensions of the brick due allowance
being of course made for the subsequent contraction of the clay which is found to
vary according to its composition.
.a, a, a, are metal strips or liners which are arranged to overlap each other louvre
board fashion and are carried round the mould to form an internal lining as shown more
particularly in Figures 3 and 4. b, b, b, are longitudinal or main conduits or passages
recessed or grooved into the mould casing all communicating with each other and
with the feed hole c, by means of the conduits 6'' which intersect them transversely
so that oil or other similar lubricant charged into the feed hole c, flows along from
conduit to conduit until the whole system of conduits is charged at every part of
the mould and so long as this result is attained in a reliable and efficient manner the
particular arrangement of the conduits is not material but the arrangement as
shown in the figures, namely, longitudinal or main conduits b, b, b, intersected by
the transverse conduits b', 6' is convenient especially when the ends of the mould
are dovetailed into the sides in the manner shown and for this reason; by extending
the longitudinal conduits b, b, along the whole length of the sides of the mould so
as to have open ends these conduits can be much more easily cleaned out from time
to time than would be the case if they were only extended to and were stopped at their
connections with the corresponding conduits in .he end pieces of the mould in which

page_text: the conduits are also open at the ends inasmuch as these conduits and the end pieces
when dovetailed in the manner shown are of the same length. When the sides and
ends of the mould are put together the longitudinal conduits in the sides are
intercepted or closed endwise by the tongues or tenons of the ends accurately fitting
into grooves or sockets of sufficient depth in the sides, and the flow of the lubricant
is thereby diverted from one main conduit to another at each corner of the mould;
but it will be observed that the lubricant applies itself continuously to every part
of the internal surface of the mould by escaping from the said conduits between the
overlaps of the metallic lining.
It must be understood that I make no claim to the use of rounded and enlarged
corners when used separately from my improved means of supplying lubrication as
this particular internal configuration has been used in moulds constructed at great
expense but which have been deficient in practical results owing to insufficient
lubrication and I am aware there is no novelty in this; nor do I claim the use of
an internal lining of metallic overlapping strips apart from the special internal
configuration of the mould as hereinbefore described as such overlapping strips have
been tried in rectangular frames in which they have failed to prevent rugged and
torn edges at the corners of the mould but when the above described improvements
are combined together they constitute a mould or die of simple and inexpensive
construction through which the clay to be moulded into bricks is found to pass with
great facility and with smooth flat surfaces and sharp clean edges.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In moulds or dies to be used in the manufacture of bricks the general construction
and arrangement of parts for facilitating the moulding of the clay with smooth
surfaces and sharp clean edges and consisting of the internal shape or configuration.
of the mould combined with the means employed for lubricating the clay substan-
tially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
T
tol of Dramban 1000
G. J. CLARKSON, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the said Edward Cammiss.