Improvements in Carding Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1894
Improvements in Carding Engines.
89
I, ALEXANDRE JOSEPH DERU, of Fleury, Verviers, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in carding engines and has for objects
(1) to utilise the whole width of such machines for working, at the same time
preventing loss or waste of the materials operated on, and (2) to obtain greater
uniformity in the cardings or slivers.
A
In carrying out my invention at each side of the main cylinder at about one
millimetre from the faces of the said cylinder is a ring attached to the frame.
similar ring is fixed at each side of the doffer and turns with it and the sides of
the fly are also furnished with sheet metal rings. The radii of all these rings are
about two millimetres less than those of the cards of the respective cylinders and
the periphery of each ring is formed with a groove. The groove of the main
cylinder ring is provided with a sheet metal ring which engages in the groove of
the ring of the doffer.
The cover of the fly is continued by a metal sheet curved up to the contact of
the said fly with the main cylinder and below the fly is a brush in contact with the
doffer cards.
The rings placed at each side of the main cylinder allow of the cards on the
latter being placed up to its edge and of dispensing with the strips employed on
the edges of the said main cylinder. The carding surface is increased by
12 millimetres at each side or 24 millimetres increase of the width of the main
cylinder. The fly and the doffer are also increased in width to the same extent.
The card surface of these three parts being wider than the worker rollers and
clearer rollers the textile fibres which escape from the machine at the juncture of
these rollers and the main cylinder are taken up by the additional width of the
main cylinder the fly, and the doffer which prevents any loss of material. The
sheet metal ring in the groove of the fixed ring of the main cylinder contributes
to the same end.
The ordinary cylinder covers have the upper sheet metal covering the last
worker roller whereby it results that the textile fibres are projected outside and
above the machine which produces irregularities in the working of the material.
My new covering obviates these inconveniences and is based upon the principle
that it is necessary to drive downwards the fibrous materials which are constantly
The sheet
taken up by the main cylinder with the aid of a roller and a brush.
metal ring reaching to the junction of the main cylinder and the fly prevents the
fibrous materials escaping from the machine whereby cleaning is rendered
unnecessary.
The brush cleans and sharpens the doffer and keeps the bottom of the sheet
metal ring of the fly always clean. The brush is cleared by the roller which
continuously feeds the fibrous materials to the main cylinder.
By these improvements not only is there an economy of textile materials but a
grave cause of unhealthfulness is removed the operatives having no longer to
breathe an atmosphere charged with particles of textile fibres.
Further the
cleaning of the machines while running which is always a dangerous operation
becomes unnecessary.

page_text: To render the roving-bobbins from a card uniform I employ suitably curved
guides instead of the straight guides usually employed which support the ends of
rollers carrying these bobbins. With the straight inclined guides usually
employed the pressure of the wound bobbins on their rollers is equal to the weight
of these bobbins multiplied by the cosine of the angle which the guides make
with the vertical. As the weight increases in proportion as the bobbin becomes
wound the pressure increases accordingly the inclination of the straight guides
being constant. There is therefore at the commencement of the operation a very
slight pressure of the bobbin which is being formed and as this pressure is the
only force which causes the bobbin to turn a continuous sliding movement is
produced which gradually diminishes as the bobbin becomes wound the result being
a drawing off, the pull of which gradually increases whereby there results a
decreasing degree of fineness in the threads obtained in the spinning machines ;
this defect is partially obviated by changing from time to time the speed of
certain parts of these machines during the unwinding of the bobbins. I remedy
this serious defect by replacing as above mentioned the ordinary straight guides
by curved guides the form of which is such that the product of the increasing
weight of the bobbin may, by the decreasing cosine of the inclination of the guide,
be nearly constant whereby a constant pressure of the bobbins upon the rollers is
obtained.
Dated the 6th day of January 1894.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
I, ALEXANDRE JOSEPH DERU, of Fleury, Verviers, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in carding engines and has for objects
(1) to utilise the whole width of such machines for working, at the same time
preventing loss or waste of the materials operated on, and (2) to obtain greater
uniformity in the rovings or slivers.
In the accompanying drawing,-
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of a carding engine constructed
according to my invention; and,
Figures 2 and 3 are horizontal and vertical sections respectively of parts of the
carding engine.
In carrying out my invention 1 place at each side of the main cylinder within
the sides of the machine-frame and at a distance of about one millimetre from the
faces of the said cylinder a ring A attached to the frame by four screws C, C₁, C", C.
A similar ring E is fixed at each side of the doffer F, Figures 1 and 2, and turns
with it. I also fix on each face or side of the fly an annular flange or ring N,
Figure 3.
The radii of the rings A, E and N are about two millimetres less than those of
the card-clothing of their respective cylinders B, F and J.
I also provide at each side of the fly J a ring H fixed to the frame at a distance
of 4 to 5 millimetres from the fly and leaving an opening around the shaft of the
latter.
The periphery of each of the rings A and E is formed with a groove. The
grooves of the rings A are each provided with a sheet metal plate D which engages

page_text: in the groove of the ring E of the doffer F, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The
outer periphery of this plate extends to the line of contact between the worker-
rollers and clearer-rollers.
The covers of the fly J are continued by a curved metal sheet uniting the
plates D at the points 1 and below the fly I arrange a brush K in contact with the
cards of the doffer F.
The rings A placed at each side of the main cylinder allow of the cards on
the latter being placed up to its edge and of dispensing with the strips hitherto
employed on the edges of the said main cylinder B. The carding surface is
increased by twelve millimetres at each side, that is to say, there is an increase of
twenty four millimetres in the width of the main cylinder. The fly J and the
doffer F are also increased in width to the same extent.
The card surface of these three parts being wider than that of the worker-
rollers and clearer-rollers P the textile fibres which may escape from the
machine at the juncture of these rollers O, P and the main cylinder B are taken
up by the additional width of the main cylinder B, the fly J and the doffer F
which prevents any loss of material. The metal sheet D in the groove of the
fixed ring A of the main cylinder and extending from the entrance of the machine
to the doffer contributes to the same end.
In most carding engines the ordinary fly-covers have the upper sheet of metal
covering the last worker-roller O' and it is the same with machines which are
entirely covered. These arrangements possess the serious disadvantages that the
wool projected outside and above the machine clings to the bearings and covers.
My new arrangement obviates these inconveniences since the coverings are
dispensed with except over a part of the fly and the escaping particles of wool
are only arrested by the rings placed close to the cylinders which allow of giving
wider carding surfaces to the main cylinder and doffer than those of the other
cylinders. Moreover the fibres which tend to leave the fly are driven downwards
and constantly taken up by the main cylinder B with the aid of a roller R aud a
brush K.
The brush K, Figure 1, cleans and sharpens the doffer F and keeps the bottom
of the metal sheet L of the fly always clean. The brush K is cleared by
the roller R which continuously feeds the waste fibrous materials to the main
cylinder B.
By these improvements not ouly do I effect an economy of textile material but
I also remove a grave cause of unhealthful. ss as the operatives have no longer
to breathe an atmosphere charged with particles of textile fibres.
Further the
cleaning of the machines while running, which is always a dangerous operation, is
rendered unnecessary.
To render the condenser-bobbins T uniform, I employ suitably curved guides M
instead of the straight guides usually employed which support the ends of the
rollers carrying the said bobbins. With the straight inclined guides usually
employed the pressure of the wound bobbin T on its roller Q is equal to the
weight of the bobbin multiplied by the cosine of the angle which the guides make
with the vertical. As the weight of the bobbin increases in proportion as it
becomes wound the pressure increases accordingly, the inclination of the straight
guides being constant. There is therefore at the commencement of the operation
a very slight pressure of the bobbin T which is being formed and as this pressure
is the only force which causes the bobbin to turn a continuous sliding movement is
produced which gradually diminishes as the bobbin becomes wound, the result
being a drawing or pulling of the sliver which gradually increases whereby there
results a decreasing degree of fineness in the threads obtained in the spinning
machines; this defect is partially obviated by changing from time to time the
speed of certain parts of these machines during the unwinding of the bobbins.
In order to more completely and automatically avoid this irregularity it has before
been proposed to provide oscillating supports having counterweights the force of
which varied with the diameter of the bobbin. I produce a better and surer result

page_text: by replacing as above mentioned the ordinary straight guides by the curved
guides M the form of which is such that the product of the increasing weight of
the bobbin, multiplied by the decreasing cosine of the inclination of the guide,
may be nearly constant whereby a constant pressure of the bobbins T upon the
rollers Q is obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In a carding engine (a) placing on the sides of the cylinder, clearers, fly (or
fancy roller), and doffer, rings fixed to the same or to the frame which allow of
the card-clothing of the cylinder B, doffer F and fly J being increased in width;
(6) placing under the fly J a brush in contact with the doffer substantially as, and
for the purposes, set forth.
2. In a carding engine and condenser the employment instead of inclined
straight supports which guide the rollers of the condenser bobbins of curved
supports M the form of which is such that the product of the increasing weight
of the bobbins, multiplied by the decrease in the inclination of the curve, may be
nearly constant substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
3. The improved carding engine and condenser hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1894
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.