Year: 1886

page_text: I HENRY GIBSON O'NEILL residing at 118, East Second Street Cincinnatti, in
the County of Hamilton and State of Ohio in the United States of America,. Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
Baine is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in gas and oil burning apparatus, and is
especially adapted to utilize the varying qualities of gas, from whatever source,
from the rich seventy candle power oil gas, to the poorest qualities of carburetted.
or sulpheretted hydrogen, or natural gas. It is also well adapted to utilize every
grade of petroleum, crude or refined, for the purposes of illumination.
The object of the invention is to produce a pure, white smokeless and economical
light, that will cast no shadow from the lamp apparatus outward or downward,
and very little above, a light of universal adaptation, save and except for sub-
marine uses.
In carrying out this invention, I have constructed a lamp which is designed to
operate the gas or vapor employed therein by successive expansion and attenuation,
at regular and necessary pressure, so that it is discharged for burning in a minute
state of atomic separation or subdivision, between two heated streams of atmos-
pheric oxygen, around a suitable deflector adapted to convert into secondary light,
the direct heat resulting from the combustion of the gas and air, the waste heat of
the products of combustion being utilized for the regenerative function of the
lamp.
The mode in which the principle indicated is carried out, is designed to multiply,
the volume of gas according to the law governing the expansion of gaseous bodies,,
and thus from actual increase in bulk to obtain, greater service and consequent
economy; to heat, reheat the gas in expanded form that is to say, in attenuated
condition, or minute state of atomic subdivision or separation, by contact with
extended heated surface provided by the series, of expansion and equalizing
chambers, so that every particle of carbon becomes equally and thoroughly heated,
throughout the volume of gas as it descends to the burner; and to increase the
temperature of the gas and its attenuation to such a degree, that, as soon as it.
comes in contact with the heated air at the, point of combustion, it is at once.
rendered incandescent, each particle of carbon showing with a white light. It is,
+

page_text: also designed to utilize all the carbon of the gas by the conditions heretofore
explained and by the regularity of pressure effected by the equalizing chambers,
which prevent waste of gas, and smoke and obviate the necessity of a governor.
And finally, by this lamp, not only is the candle power of the carbon increased but
also the temperature of the flame is raised, and this increase of flame temperature
is converted into a secondary source of light by the incandescent reflector around
which the flame burns. No matter what, the nature or quality of the gas
consumed may be, the light produced therefrom by this lamp is always good,
although varying in candle power, as the gas is rich in carbon. The lamp does
not become blocked up or clogged in its chambers or tubes.
And whether gas is
burned therein or oil, or gas and oil combined, a gas enriched by any solid or
liquid hydrocarbon, the same process is involved, except that the oil or solid
hydrocarbon should first be converted into vapor in a cylindrical or other proper
attachment to the lamp.
In the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the main supply to the
lamp, whereby the gas or vapor is conveyed to the first or upper chamber A
B is the upper portion of the lamp which may be of elongated cylindrical form,
centrally open from bottom to top and having its exterior channeled longitudinally
and chambered circumferentially for the purposes hereinafter referred to. This
hollow cylinder may be of cast iron, its height being about six times its diameter,
and the thickness of its wall sufficient to carry heat from the burner to the
chamber.
The upper chamber A is usually made in an independent part which is attached
to the cylinder B. This is the first distributing and equalizing chamber. Below
it are the longitudinal heating and expansion passages B¹ which extend to and
open into the second distributing and equalizing chamber 2.
From this chamber downward, the third series of heating and expanding
channels or chambers B³, extend, terminating below in the third distribution and
equalization chamber 3, which extends circumferentially. The longitudinal heating
chambers of this series are more in number than those of the preceding series, in
order to accominodate the gas or vapor in its expanded form and to reheat it for
further expansion; and the equalization chamber is greater than that of the
preceding series for similar reasons. Usually for large lamps, I prefer to employ in
the lower series a number of heating and expansion chanuels which is double that
of the series preceding. Each succeeding series of heating and expansion passages
is made larger or greater in number according to the construction to accommodate
the volume of attenuated gas as increased by the successive expansions.
The last series of heating and expansion passages B³, extend downward from the
preceding equalization chamber and are arranged around the cylinder and they
terminating below in the last equalizing chauber 4, which discharges through
tubes to the burner. The series of reheating and equalizing chambers may be
increased sometimes or may be lessened provided the conditions are maintained
whereby the gas or vapor passing is heated and expanded regularly under pressure
in the manner indicated. In order to close the chamber above referred to, the
cylinder is provided with a jacket ȧ, of copper or other inetal, which is fastened
thereto. Or the chambers in the wall of the cylinder may be made by boring and
casting. The object is to provide the longitudinal and circumferential gas tight
chambers. The outer jacket may be made of ornamental form exteriorly or it may
be encased in an outer covering of porcelain, glass or other material. The lower
end of the cylinder B is connected to that part of the lamp constituting the burner.
portion usually by threads. And to the lower portion of the jacket u, is connected
the part C of the lamp and in this manner may be formed the last equalizer
chamber, herein before referred to. At the point D³ in the, lower portion of the
burner D in the projecting flange around the outer circumference of the part D*,
are inserted tubes T of copper or other suitable metal, which pass through one or
more supporting annular plates or rings and usually terminate in a burner ring D³
which is between the burner lips-L L, annular interspaces being left between the!

page_text: lips, and the burner ring or the mouths of the burner tubes on each side as.
indicated at D for the passage of air.
i
The lower portion of the burner D arranged with the necessary tubes in proper
position is connected with the cylinder B as above stated.
Around the outer circumference of the burner is a peripheral band or flange
C18,
forming a bearing on its upper side for the shell G of the air chamber G' and also
forming in connection with suitable packing a bearing on its under surface for the
globe V, which must be air tight. This is usually accomplished by using a packing.
or gasket of asbestos on the flange C8 and providing suitable fastenings for the
globe. Those which I prefer are spring fastenings made of phosphor bronze which
will stand the high temperature of the parts.
1
:
Through the burner shell to the chamber of the burner surrounding the tubes
thereof, are made air passages C³ which are covered with a metallic gauze E¹ or
perforated coverings which allows the air to pass through from the outer air:
chamber and heats it at the same time thoroughly while preventing its inrush in
gusts. The gauze steadies and equalizes the draft of air to the burner.
I sometimes form in the burner shell, windows as at C, these being closed with
mica or glass and serving to prevent the upward passage of the light from the.
flame, and thereby reducing the shadow above the lamp in a material degree.
F represents a refractory deflector which is usually made adjustable upward and:
downward within the cylinder D' in the lower portion of the burner. This cylinder.
is provided with adjusting devices for the purposes in view. Usually I employ:
the series of circumferential grooves D7 in connection with communicating longi-
tudinal grooves D these grooves corresponding to the lugs or projections F1 of the
deflector.
This deflector or that portion of the same which comes in immediate contact
with the flame should be of some durable substance capable of being rendered
incandescent by heat, and should be upon some non-conducting base, so that the
direct heat instead of being conveyed to the body of the burner may be utilized
and converted into a secondary source of light, whereby it is designed to fill and
round out the direct light of the flame itself. I may use a base of asbestos, mica,
or asbestos and mica combined, covered with platinum in foil gauze or fine wire
form, or with a solution of the nitro muriate or chloride of platinum. Or, I may
employ a steatite lava, talc, or soap-stone, likewise coated. I prefer to use how-
ever aluminium bronze or aluminium silver, as these alloys are suitable and durable.
The burner ring D may also be made of these alloys.
The globe V requires to be carefully annealed and should be of clear glass.
When the lamp is to be used out of, doors, an ornamented canopy is employed
above to keep the rain off. And usually I provide in connection with the supply
pipe a gas cock X' with by-pass which is controlled by a lever and chains or other-
wise, the object being to facilitate the lamp without removing the globe, if it should
be preferred.
In figure 12, I have illustrated another arrangement of the by-pass cock, and in
Figure 13, another device for holding the globe in position, the same being a
sliding and adjustable spring holder, operating in connection with arms of the lamp
frame.
.
For out-doors lamps, I usually provide a storm protector and ventilator with.
canopy, to keep out rain or snow, and prevent the wind from rushing down the
up-draft or central passage of the cylinder B. At the part K, a flange or collar is
provided, to which is attached the protector d which is usually double-walled its
under surface serving as a reflector, its upper wall as a water-shed and interspaces
between the two as an air passage where the air is taken into the lamp and warmed
as it passes to the air heating chamber. The mouth or mouths of these air passages
are guarded with wire gauze to assist in heating the air to regulate its admission
and prevent gusts.
And I usually employ in out-door lamps two globes, an outer or protective
globe g¹ in addition to the inner or main globe V. The outer or protective globe

page_text: may be attached to the reflector, or to a descending skirt of the reflector as shown,
so that wind will not enter the outer globe.
K indicates a vaporizing-attachment in which is placed the hydro-carbon. This
chamber communicates with the upper chamber X above it by the pipe Z: Y is an
oil supply which may sometimes be employed for the attachment.
The vaporizing attachment may be applied above the cylinder B, on the supply
pipe, and the heat of the cylinder utilized to vaporize the oil or solid hydrocarbon
placed therein. The hydro carbon vaporized by the heat of the pipe and mixed
with gas in the chamber X or alone, descends through the pipe A and the passages
and chambers of the burner. And when advisable, desulphurizing and purifying
substances may be used in such chamber and the gas may be passed through the
same. And when the lamp is to be used with gases which have much sulphur in
their compositions, it is designed to coat the gas passages of the lamp with enainel
or iridium or other substance which is not liable to be corroded by the action of
the sulphur or, other impurity. The principles herein described may also be used
for purposes of heating and ventilating.
The deflector may be adjusted to present more or less' surface below the burner
lips, also by means of a threaded feed in the interior wall of the burner. This
adjustment of the deflector is sometimes important on account of the varying
specific gravities of the different grades of gas or vapor in use, presenting according
to circumstances, varying areas of flame to obviate the loss of gas in smoke, and to
secure the maximum illuminating.power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a lamp, the combination with a central metallic tubular draft chimney and
an exterior air chamber around the same, of an annular burner directed downward
below the same having annular air outlets series of longitudinal gas heating and
expansive passages one above another, alternating with series of transverse dis-
tributing and equalizing chambers, whereby the gas or vapors is delivered to the
burner, a refractory deflector adapted to be brought to incandescence by the
temperature of the flame, and an air tight globe enclosing the burner below,
substantially as specified.
2. In an incandescing lamp, the combination with an annular burner directed'
downward and an air tight globe over the same of a downwardly directed annular
deflector, and a central updraft or chimney whereby the flame is forced downward,
inward and upward around the deflector, causing the same to become incandescent,
substantially as specified.
1
3. In an incandescent lamp, the incandescent consisting of aluminium bronze or
aluminium, silver, substantially as specified.
4. In an incandescent lamp, the burner tip or ring made of aluminium bronze, or
aluminium silver, substantially, as specified.
5. The combination with an incandescent lamp, having gas heating chambers and.
air chamber, delivering to the burner at its lowest end, of the vaporizing attach-
ment above adapted to be operated by the conveyed heat from the flame, below,
substantially as specified.