IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE AND CUT PILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine, and
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PILE AND CUT PILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN."
A communication from A. J. Hargez.
Sealed the 22nd March 1859, and dated the 24th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th September 1858.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine, and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PILE AND CUT PILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN," (communicated to me by A. J. Hargez, residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a new kind of pile fabrics
particularly carpets, whereby designs in all colours may be produced with
great sharpness and distinctness, whatever the length of pile. The machinery
consists of a very simple loom. The most important feature in the manufacture
is the arranging of the warp threads to form the design; this is performed upon
a frame furnished at one end with a comb, and towards the centre with bear-

page_text: ings supporting a roller or beam, upon which the threads are to be wound in
the following manner :-Supposing, for example, a pattern to be produced in
which the first square in the lower row from left to right is yellow, a yellow
thread is fastened to the roller after being passed through the comb on the
frame, next take a thread of the colour of the second square in the pattern,
attach it to the roller, and so on. When the first row is completed, commence
with the next, and proceeding always from left to right tie to the end of the
threads corresponding to the colours in the first row the threads which corre-
spond to the colours of the second, by knotting or otherwise; tie thus
successively the end of the threads of the different colours to each other, row
by row, and always from left to right, until the whole arrangement of the
pattern is completed; then take the roller, with the threads carefully wound
and arranged by the aid of the comb before mentioned to the loom about to
be described.
The loom is composed of four uprights, held together by cross bars, the front
and back bars are rather inclined, and receive the ends of wires which act as
warps. The two upper bars are furnished with two blocks, to one of which is
attached the batten composed of a wooden frame, the under side of which is
grooved for the reception of a reed or comb; the lower end of this comb fits
into another groove formed in a piece of wood which forms a continuation of
the batten, the wires pass between the teeth of the reed or comb. To the
other of the blocks the heddles are connected, the loops in which are beneath
the wires. Three treddles drive the heddles. At the back of the loom the
beam on which the threads are wound is supported in brackets. The ends of
the threads from the beam are passed through the loops in the heddles and
teeth in the comb, and may be fixed to commence with, or not; make one
shed and throw one shoot, then change the shed and throw a second shoot, and
so on until four throws of the shuttle have taken place, then stop; work a
second treddle, which raises the loops in the heddles above the wires, so as to
leave an opening into which a grooved rod is inserted, then release the treddle
and the loops will descend below the wires; begin again, make four more
shoots, insert another grooved rod, and so on until the end of the carpet or
other pile fabric is reached. The diameter or thickness of the rods determines
the length of pile, but whether the pile be long or short the colours will be
the same.
As a consequence of this method of manufacture, as many carpets
or other fabrics as may be desired can be woven at the same time, it being
sufficient when the pattern is being read to repeat every row in the pattern as
many times one after the other as there are carpets or other fabrics required;
thus in weaving, say, ten carpets, they are each at the same point of

page_text: manufacture, and no one is finished until the whole are completed. The pile
fabric produced, as herein-before explained, may be transferred to an ordinary
loom, to be applied upon any required lining or ground. The loops forming
the pile may be cut by any of the means now in use, or they may remain
uncut.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th March 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE AND CUT PILE
FABRICS AND, IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," (communicated to me by A. J.
Hargez, residing abroad,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-

page_text: This Invention consists in the manufacture of a new kind of pile fabrics,
particularly carpets, whereby designs in all colours may be produced with
great sharpness and distinctness whatever the length of pile. The machinery
consists of a very simple loom. The most important feature in the manu-
facture is the arranging of the warp threads to form the design. This is per-
formed upon a frame shown in Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
This frame (marked 1), is furnished at one end with a comb 2, and towards
the centre with bearings supporting a roller or beam 3, upon which the threads
are to be wound in the following manner :-The design, Figure 4, is taken and
placed as shewn at 4, Figure 1, being held by the bands 5, 5. Supposing, for
example, a pattern to be produced in which the first square in the lower row
from left to right is yellow, a yellow thread is fastened to the roller 3, after
being passed through the comb 2 on the frame 1; next a thread of the
colour of the second square in the pattern is taken and attached to the roller,
and so on.
When the first row is completed the next is commenced with,
proceeding always from left to right. To the ends of the threads corres-
ponding to the colours in the first row tie the threads which correspond to the
colours of the second, by knotting or otherwise; the ends of the threads of
the different colours are thus successively tied to each other, row by row, and
always from left to right, until the whole arrangement of the pattern is
completed. The winding of the threads upon the cylinder 3 is effected
by means of the crank 6, and the toothed wheels 7 and 8. Then the
roller with the threads carefully wound and arranged by the aid of the
comb before mentioned is taken to the loom shown in sectional elevation
in Figure 3, and in perspective in Figure 4. This loom is composed of four
uprights a, a, held together by cross bars b, the front and back bars are rather
inclined, and receive the ends of wires c, which act as warps. The two
upper bars are furnished with two uprights d, e, to one of which is attached
the batten composed of a wooden frame e¹, the under side of which is grooved
for the reception of a reed or comb f; the lower end of this comb fits into
another groove formed in a piece of wood g, which forms a continuation of
the batten, the wires pass between the teeth of the reed or comb. To the
other of the blocks the heddles m are connected, the loops in which are
beneath the wires. Three treddles drive the heddles. At the back of the
loom the beam k, on which the threads are wound is supported in brackets.
The ends of the threads from the beam are passed through the loops in the
heddles and teeth in the comb, and may be fixed to commence with, or not.
One shed is first made, and one shoot thrown, then the shed is changed, and a
second shoot thrown, and so on until four throws of the shuttle have taken

page_text: place, when the process is stopped. A second treddle is then worked, and this
raises the loops in the heddles above the wires so as to leave an opening,
into which a grooved rod is inserted, then the treddle is released and the
loops descend below the wires. The operation is next begun again, and four
more shoots made, another grooved rod is inserted, and so on until the end of
the carpet or other pile fabric is reached. The diameter or thickness of the
rods determines the length of pile, but whether the pile be long or short,
the colours will be the same. As a consequence of this method of manu-
facture, as many carpets or other fabrics as may be desired can be woven at the
same time, it being sufficient when the pattern is being read to repeat every
row in the pattern as many times one after the other as there are carpets or
other fabrics required, thus in weaving, say, ten carpets, they are each at the
same point of manufacture, and no one is finished until the whole are com-
pleted. The pile fabric produced as herein-before explained may be transferred
to an ordinary loom, to be applied upon any required lining or ground. The
loops forming the pile may be cut by any of the means now in use, or they
may remain uncut.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the method of manufacturing pile and cut pile fabrics as herein-before
described.
Secondly, the construction of machinery for manufacturing pile and cut pile
fabrics, essentially as herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.