IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS USED FOR CARDING WOOL AND COTTON
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Juan Nicolas Yonck, of Verviers, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Card Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARDS USED FOR CARDING WOOL AND COTTON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Nicolas Yonck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1878.
JEAN NICOLAS YONCк, of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Card Manufac
turer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS USED FOR CARDING
WOOL AND COTTON."
Cards used for carding wool and cotton are formed of a sheet or fillet of leather
or other suitable material, in which are implanted staples of wire with bent
projecting ends called teeth, which teeth are equally distributed and equally inclined
over the surface of the leather or material used.
To give increased stiffness to the card teeth during work many card makers have
fixed upon the upper surface of the leather or other backing a layer of felt or other
elastic material which acts as a packing covering a part of the teeth and supporting
them during work, and at the same time allowing them their required play and
elasticity. This arrangement is now very generally adopted, but it has the disad-
vantage that when the teeth of cards of this description are worn away from the
effects of continued working and grinding they become unfit for use, and the cards
have to be removed and replaced by others, thereby causing interruption, and
throwing the carding machine out of work until they have been covered anew.
Now the object of my Invention is to obviate this defect, and to increase the
duration of the cards. For this purpose instead of fixing permanently a single
thickness or layer of felt or elastic material upon the leather or other backing of
the card, I attach, by means of glue or other suitable means of attachment which
allows of it or their being detached when required, one or more thin layers of felt

page_text: or suitable elastic material upon the leather or other backing of the card, or upon
the layer of felt or other elastic material affixed thereto.
The layers of felt or elastic material may or not have between them intermediate
sheets or pieces of thin fabric, such as cotton, linen, or textile fabrics.
By the arrangement herein-before described when the card teeth are worn away
so as to render them unfit for work, the upper layer of felt or elastic material is
removed or torn off, laying bare or uncovering a further portion of the length of
the teeth, which now form, as it were, a new card, the teeth of which are uncovered
to the same length, as in the original card, or to a length depending on the thickness
of the layer of felt or elastic material which has been removed.
The removal or tearing off of the said layer of felt or elastic material has also
the advantage of straightening the teeth and correcting any irregularity in their
relative position.
After having attached upon the backing of the card or upon the felt or elastic
material affixed thereto the required number of removeable layers of felt or elastic
material, the wire teeth are set therein in the usual way, care being taken to make
the bends in the said teeth at the proper height.
When two layers of felt or elastic material are used, the lower one permanently
affixed to the backing, and the upper one attached to the fixed layer of felt so as to
be removeable therefrom, I prefer that the bends of the teeth should be situated at
about the bottom of the upper layer of felt or elastic material.
When three layers of felt or elastic material are used, onc affixed to the backing
and the two others attached above it so as to be removeable, the bends of the teeth
should be situated at about the bottom of the intermediate layer of felt or elastic
material.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jean Nicolas Yonck in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
December 1878.
JEAN NICOLAS YONCK, of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Card Manufac-
turer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS USED FOR CARDING
WOOL AND COTTON."
Cards used for carding wool and cotton are forined of a sheet or fillet of leather
or other suitable material, in which are implanted staples of wire with bent
projecting ends called teeth, which teeth are equally distributed and equally inclined
over the surface of the leather or material used.
To give increased stiffness to the card teeth during work many card makers have
fixed upon the upper surface of the leather or other backing a layer of felt or other
elastic material which acts as a packing covering a part of the teeth and supporting
them during work, and at the same time allowing them. their required play and
clasticity. This arrangement is now very generally adopted, but it has the disad-
vantage that when the teeth of cards of this description are worn away from the
effects of continued working and grinding they become unfit for use, and the cards
have to be removed and replaced by others, thereby causing interruption and
throwing the carding machines out of work until they have been covered anew.
Now the object of my Invention is to obviate this defect, and to increase the
duration of the cards. For this purpose instead of fixing permanently a single
thickness or layer of felt or clastic material upon the leather or other backing of
the card, I attach, by means of glue or other suitable means of attachment which
allows of it or their being detached when required, one or more thin layers of felt
or suitable olastic material upon the leather or other backing of the card, or upon
the layer of felt or other elastic material affixed thereto.
The layers of felt or elastic material may or not have between them intermediate
sheets or pieces of thin fabric, such as cotton, linen, or other textile fabrics.
By the arrangement herein-before described when the card teeth are worn away
so as to render them unfit for work the upper layer of felt or elastic material is
removed or torn off, laying bare or uncovering a further portion of the length of
the teeth, which now form, as it were, a new card, the teeth of which are uncovered
to the same length, as in the original card, or to a length depending on the thickness
of the layer of felt or clastic material which has been removed.
The removal or tearing off of the said layer of folt or elastic material has also
the advantage of straightening the teeth and correcting any irregularity in their
relative position.
After having attached upon the backing of the card or upon the felt or elastic
material affixed thereto the required number of removeable layers of felt or elastic
material, the wire teeth are set therein in the usual way, care being taken. to make
the bends in the said teeth at the proper height.
When two layers of felt or elastic material are used, the lower one permanently
affixed to the backing, and the upper one attached to the fixed layer of felt so as to
be removable therefrom, I prefer that the bends of the teeth should be situated at
about the bottom of the upper layer of felt or clastic material.
When three layers of felt or elastic material are used, one affixed to the backing
and the two others attached above it, so as to be removable, the bends of the teeth
should be situated at about the bottom of the intermediate layer of felt or elastic
material.
Having explained the nature of my said Invention I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, means pursued by me in carrying
the same into effect.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of a card constructed according to my
Invention.

page_text: Figure 2 is a perspective view of parts of a similar card after the upper parts of
the teeth are torn away, the upper layer or thickness of felt being partly detached
so as to lay bare or uncover a further portion of the length of the teeth, and to
form a second carding surface for use.
The same letters of reference are used to indicate like parts where they occur in
the two Figures.
a is the leather or other backing of the card; b is a thin layer of felt affixed
permanently to the backing a; c is a second layer of felt, which is attached by
means of glue or other suitable means of attachment which will allow of the said
second layer of felt c being removed or torn off when required; and d, d, are the
card teeth, which are set in the card backing in the usual way, the bends c of the
said teeth being situated at about the bottom of the upper layer of felt c, as shewn
by dotted lines.
Cards constructed as represented in Fig. 1 are mounted upon drums, cylinders, or
rollers in the usual way for use in the carding machine; and when the card teeth
are worn away from the effects of continued working and grinding the upper layer
of felt c is removed or torn off from the layer of felt b, as shewn in Figure 2, laying
bare or uncovering a further portion of the length of the teeth, as seen on the left-
hand side of Figure 2, and thus forming, as it were, a new card for use.
In the Drawing only one removable layer of felt c is shewn, but it will be readily
understood that in some cases more than one of the said removable layers of felt or
other elastic material may be used in connection with a permanent layer of felt or
suitable elastic material upon the card backing.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and means pursued by
me in performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein-before described, and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
said Invention; but I claim as my said Invention, the improvements in the manu-
facture of cards for carding wool and cotton herein-before described, and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, manufacturing cards with one or
more than one removable layer or layers of felt or other suitable elastic material
superposed upon the leather or other permanent backing of the card, such layer or
layers of felt or clastic material being attached to the said permanent backing in
such a manner as to be removable therefrom one by one when the card surface
exposed to view is worn away so as to be unfit for use, and it is required to lay
bare or uncover and straighten a further portion of the length of the said card
teeth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Nicolas Yonck, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord