IMPROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR DRESSING CORN
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hall Nalder, of Alvescott, in the
County of Oxford, Farmer, and John Thomas Knapp, of
Clanfield, in the same County, Machinist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR DRESSING CORN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hall Nalder
and John Thomas Knapp at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th October 1853.
We, JAMES HALL NALDER, of Alvescott, in the County of Oxford,
Farmer, and JOHN THOMAS KNAPP, of Clanfield, in the same County,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR DRESSING CORN " to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the substitution of a revolving screen
in place of the stationary or vibratory one now employed in machines of
this class. The grain is caused to fall into the screen, which is a cylinder
of wire or other suitable material, and is actuated or caused to revolve
by any convenient means, the grain in its progress through it being
effectually cleansed from all extraneous matter; air is forced from the fan

page_text: through the centre of the screen so as to meet the grain in its progress
and effectually separate from it any husky matter that may be clinging
to the grain. It is obvious that this arrangement may be applied with
equal effect to combined thrashing machines, whereby the grain, after
being threshed out, is at once cleansed from the extraneous matter, and
great time and expence is thus saved in the preparation of grain for
the market.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Hall Nalder and John Thomas Knapp in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JAMES HALL NALDER, of Alvescott, in the County of Oxford, Farmer,
and JOHN THOMAS KNAPP, of Clanfield, in the same County, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said James Hall Nalder and John
Thomas Knapp, Her special license that I, the said James Hall
Nalder and John Thomas Knapp, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said James Hall Nalder and John
Thomas Knapp, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention för "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR DRESSING CORN," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Hall Nalder
and John Thomas Knapp, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed.

page_text: n the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
mmediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Janies Hall Nalder and John
Thomas Knapp, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
bcing had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:
Our said Invention relates to certain improvements in winnowing
machines, and consists in the substitution of a revolving screen, which
is a cylinder of wire or other suitable material, and is actuated or
caused to revolve by any convenient means, the grain or seeds in its
progress through it being effectually cleansed from all extraneous
matter; air is forced from the fan through the centre of the screen so as
to mect the grain in its progress, and effectually separate from it any
husky matter that may be rubbed off or separated by the action of the
revolving screen. It is obvious that this arrangement may be applied
with equal effect to combined thrashing machines, whereby the grain,
after being thrashed out, is at once cleansed from the extraneous matter,
and great time and expense is thus saved in the preparation of grain
for the market.
Figure 1, on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a
side elevation of our improved winnowing machine, with a portion
of the side broken away to shew the points of novelty; and Figure 2,
The grain to
is a corresponding transverse section of the same.
be dressed or winnowed is fed into the ordinary hopper A, from
whence it is allowed to run out regularly by means of the revolving
pegged or plated cylinder B, which is driven by the gearing C. On
leaving the hopper A, the grain falls on to the horizontal vibrating
O screen or riddle D, which is actuated and constructed in the ordinary
manner; having been here partially cleaned and freed from husks, the
grain falls into the trough E, whence it passes by the opening F, into
the revolving cylindrical screen G. The first tailings, which are sepa-
rated by the horizontal riddle D, pass off by the inclined trough H
5 The next tailings pass off' by the inclined trough I, being sifted

page_text: through the upper portion J, of the cylindrical screen; this portion
is made finer than the lower portion G, and consequently the tailings
are of a different description. The last or best tailings fall through
the lower compartment of the cylinder, and the dressed grain passes
off from the end of the cylinder along the inclined board L, into
any receptacle placed to receive it. When applied to a threshing
machine the wire of the screen is made of the finest pitch at the
upper end, then rather coarser in the middle, and coarser again
at the lower end, so that the first and second tailings pass through
the two upper compartments, and the grain through the lowest one,
whilst stones or large bodies will pass out at the mouth of the screen.
During the passage of the grain along the inclined cylindrical screen it
is subjected to the action of a blast of air which enters the lower mouth
of the cylinder from the air chamber M, as shewn by the arrows in
Figure 1. The upper end of this air chamber opens into the back of
the ordinary blowing chamber N, the blast being obtained from the fan O
in the ordinary manner. A rotatory motion is transmitted to the cylin-
drical screen by the strap P, which passes over the pulley Q, and
partially round the pulley R, on the shaft of which is keyed a bevil
pinion T, shewn in dotted lines; this pinion gears into a corresponding
pinion U, fast on the end of the shaft V of the cylindrical screen.
order to keep the screen clear a brush W is fitted to the inner side of
the machine, and bears upon the wire-work of the screen. This brush
extends the whole length of the screen, and is free to move on the
hinges or joints X, in the pins Y, so that it may give slightly during
the revolution of the screen.
In
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that we do not
confine or restrict ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which
we have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of our Invention; but what we consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,―

page_text: First, the application and use of a revolving cylindrical screen for
the purpose herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of a back current of air through the
cylindrical screen, as hercin-before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said James Hall Nalder, have, ou
behalf of myself and of the said John Thomas Knapp, hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of March, in the
year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JAMES HALL NALDER. (L.s.)

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HALL NALDER, of Alvescott, in the County of Oxford, Farmer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent, under
the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Hall Nalder and John Thomas Knapp, Her special license that I, the
said James Hall Nalder and the said John Thomas Knapp, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Hall Nalder
and the said John Thomas Knapp, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR
DRESSING CORN," within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man And whereas the said James Hall
Nalder and John Thomas Knapp, in pursuance of a proviso in that behalf in
the said Letters Patent contained, did, by a Specification in writing under the

page_text: hand and scal of the said James Hall Nalder, bearing date the Thirtieth day
of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, particularly ascertain
and describe the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which it was
and is to be performed, and did cause the same Specification to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within the time in that behalf described by the said
proviso And whereas by an indenture executed and bearing date the
Twentieth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, and
made between the said John Thomas Knapp, of the one part, and the said
James Hall Nalder, of the other part, all the estate and interest of the said
John Thomas Knapp of and in the said Invention and Letters Patent, and the
privileges by the said Letters Patent granted, were assigned unto the said
James Hall Nalder, bis executors, administrators, and assigns, and the said
indenture was duly registered in the said Great Seal Patent Office on the
Twenty-first day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven:
And whereas it has been decided that according to the proper construction of the
said Specification the claims therein contained extend to and include winnowing
machines constructed with revolving cylinders other than revolving cylinders
such as shewn in the Drawings annexed to the said Specification, and that in
consequence thereof the said claims are too large, and the said Letters Patent
cannot be supported with the said Specification as it was so filed as aforesaid:
And whereas by reason of such construction the said claims are more extensive
than the same were intended to be, and I am desirous for the reasons
aforesaid to make and enter the Disclaimer herein contained, and to alter the
said Specification in manner herein-after expressed:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hall Nalder, for the reasons
aforesaid, and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney General, do hereby
disclaim all parts of the said Specification which contain or amount to any
claim to any machine for winnowing or dressing corn which is not constructed
with a revolving cylindrical screen composed of circles of wire or other suitable
material, or of wire or other suitable material wound or placed spirally round
with spaces between, as shewn in the said Drawings, and which is not also
constructed so that such revolving cylindrical screen shall be mounted upon an
axis having an inclination from a horizontal line so as to be an inclined
cylindrical screen as mentioned in the said Specification. And for the reasons
aforesaid and with the leave aforesaid I disclaim these words, "or seeds," and
also these words, "confine or restrict ourselves to the precise details or arrange-
"ments which we have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations
I may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main
features of our Invention," and in lieu of which last-mentioned words I
46
66

page_text: asert these words, "claim the application or, use to or in a winnowing machine
of any revolving cylindrical screen which is not mounted in the machine
upon an axis having an inclination from a horizontal line, so as to be an
inclined cylindrical screen as above mentioned, nor any revolving cylindrical
screen which is not composed of circles of wire or other suitable material, or
of wire or other suitable material wound or placed spirally round with
spaces between as shewn in the said Drawings." And for the reasons
foresaid, and in order to cause the effect of the Disclaimer and Alteration
hereby made to be more easily understood, I hereby alter the said Specifi-
cation and the description therein contained, so that the same shall hencefortli
with the aid of the said Drawings describe the said Invention as follows
(that is to say) -
**
"Our said Invention relates to certain improvements in winnowing
"machines, and consists in the substitution of an inclined revolving screen
"which is a cylinder composed of circles of wire or other suitable material, or
"of wire or other suitable material wound or placed spirally round, with spaces
"between, as shown in the Drawings, and is actuated or caused to revolve by
any convenient means, the grain in its progress through it being effectually
"cleansed from all extraneous matters; air is forced from the fan through
"the centre of the screen so as to meet the grain in its progress, and effectually
"separate from it any husky matter that may be rubbed off or separated by
"the action of the revolving screen. It is obvious that this arrangement may
"be applied with equal effect to combined thrashing machines (that is to say,
"winnowing machines combined with thrashing machines,) whereby the grain
"after being thrashed out, is at once cleansed from the extraneous matter,
"and great time and expense is thus saved in the preparation of grain for
"the market."
66
Figure 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a side
"elevation of our improved winnowing machine, with a portion of the side
"broken away to shew the points of novelty; and Figure 2 is a corresponding
"transverse section of the same. The grain to be dressed or winnowed is fed
"into the ordinary hopper A, from whence it is allowed to run out regularly by
"means of the revolving pegged or plated cylinder B, which is driven by the
gearing C.
On leaving the hopper A the grain falls on to the horizontal
vibrating screen or riddle D, which is actuated and constructed in the
ordinary manner; having been here partially cleaned and freed from husks,
"the grain falls into the trough E, whence it passes by the opening F into
"the revolving cylindrical screen G. The first tailings, which are separated
by the horizontal riddle D, pass off by the inclined trough H; the next
"
"
66

page_text: $6
66
"
"
"
"
66
tailings pass off by the inclined trough I, being sifted through the upper
portion J of the cylindrical screen; this portion is made finer than the lower
portion G, and consequently the tailings are of a different description.
"The last or best tailings fall through the lower compartment of the cylinder,
"and the dressed grain passes off from the end of the cylinder along the
"inclined board L into any receptacle placed to receive it. When applied to
a thrashing machine the wire of the screen is made of the finest pitch at the
upper end, then rather coarser in the middle, and coarser again at the lower
end, so that the first and second tailings pass through the two upper com-
partments, and the grain through the lowest one, whilst stones or large
"bodies will pass out at the mouth of the screen. During the passage of the
grain along the inclined cylindrical screen it is subjected to the action of a
"blast of air which enters the lower mouth of the cylinder from the air
"chamber M, as shewn by the arrows in Figure 1. The upper end of this
"air chamber opens into the back of the ordinary blowing chamber N, the
"blast being obtained from the fan O in the ordinary manner. A rotatory
"motion is transmitted to the cylindrical screen by the strap P, which passes
over the pulley Q, and partially round the pulley R, on the shaft of which
" is keyed a bevil pinion T, shewn in dotted lines; this pinion gears into a
"corresponding pinion U, fast on the end of the shaft V of the cylindrical screen.
"In order to keep the screen clear a brush W is fitted to the inner side of
"the machine, and bears upon the wirework of the screen." "This brush
"extends the whole length of the screen, and is free to move on the hinges or
joints X in the pins Y, so that it may give slightly during the revolution of
66
"the screen.
66
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
"said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
"or carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that we do not claim the
"application or use to or in a winnowing machine of any revolving cylinderical
screen which is not mounted in the machine upon an axis having an incli-
"nation from a horizontal line so as to be an inclined cylindrical screen as
"above mentioned, nor any revolving cylindrical screen which is not composed
"of circles of wire or other suitable material, or of wire or other suitable
"material wound or placed spirally round with spaces between, as shewn in
"the said Drawings; but what we consider to be novel and original, and
"therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part
"recited Letters Patent is,-
"First, the application and use of a revolving cylindrical screen in manner
"and for the purpose herein-before described."

page_text: Second, the application and use of a back current of air through the
"inclined revolving cylindrical screen, as herein-before described."
And I, the said James Hall Nalder, do further declare that the above written
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration are not, nor is either of them,
nor is any part thereof respectively intended to extend the exclusive right
granted by the said Letters Patent, and that these Presents shall not extend
the said exclusive right in any way whatsoever.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hall Nalder, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
VINCENT BUCKINGHAM,
Coggs, n' Witney,
Oxon, Grocer.
JAMES HALL NALDER. (L.S.)