IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING BLACK LEAD OR OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO PACKING VARIOUS OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Burgess Pilliner, of 4, Hatfield Street,
Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road, Southwark, London, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING BLACK LEAD OR OTHER
SUITABLE SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PACKING VARIOUS OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 30th April 1861, and dated the 3rd November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Burgess Pilliner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd November 1860.
I, RICHARD BURGESS PILLINER, of No. 4, Hatfield Street, Stamford Street,
Blackfriars Road, Southwark, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING BLACK LEAD
OR OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO PACKING VARIOUS MATERIALS," to be as follows, and consists in the con-
struction of a press or machine in which the material to be compressed or
packed is placed in a hopper or receiver having an agitator in its lower part to
facilitate the descent by gravitation of the said material. At the bottom of the
hopper is a feeding slide in which is a chamber or receptacle of such dimen-
sions as to contain the necessary quantity of material for a charge and also
provided with necessary appliances for adjusting the said quantity, and a
sliding bottom to let out its contents. This feeding slide is moved along until

page_text: its chamber comes over a receiving mould of the required form and dimen-
sions, into which it drops its contents and is then moved back for another
supply. Above the receiving mould is a top plunger having a die with device
or not affixed, which then descends into the receiving mould, compresses the
material, and reascends. The bottom of receiving mould is formed by
another lower plunger resting on a stop which is immediately made to rise,
thereby pushing up the compressed material out at the top of receiving mould,
where it is struck off by the next partial advance of the feeding slide. The
lower plunger again descends to its stop before the full advance of the feeding
slide with another charge. The various motions in this machine are produced
by the revolutions of a horizontal shaft with cams or shapes adapted to give
the required motions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Burgess Pilliner, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
BURGESS PILLINER, of 4, Hatfield Street Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road,
Southwark, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Burgess Pilliner, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Burgess Pilliner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Burgess Pilliner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING BLACK LEAD OR
OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PACKING VARIOUS OTHER MATERIALS OF A SUITABLE NATURE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Burgess Pilliner, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,

page_text: and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Burgess Pilliner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention refers to a machine for compressing pulverized black lead
into solid blocks or cakes with a self-acting feed or arrangement for measuring
the quantity, thereby avoiding the necessity as heretofore of keeping an
attendant to weigh or measure the said quantity for each successive block, also
by attaching steam power to the machine, thus superseding the ordinary.
method of making these cakes by a screw press and manual labour; also the
self-acting feed arrangement of this machine may be employed for packing
other suitable articles, such as flour, spice, coffee, &c., also the peculiar
arrangement for making a pause in compressing the cakes in order to release
the confined air, which takes place when the top plunger descends into the
mould box at a quick speed, thereby causing the cakes to be laminated instead
of being in solid blocks.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 represents a general side elevation
of this machine; Figure 2 the working end or front view; Figure 3, a
transverse vertical section at the line a, b, in Figure 1; Figure 4, a horizontal
section or plan of the lower part of this machine below the line c, d; Figure 5,
a section through the slide, agitator, &c.; and Figure 6, a section and plan of
the feed slide. The same letters of reference denote the same parts throughout
all the Figures.
A, the bed plate or bottom of the machine; B, the standard; C, the
driving shaft receiving its motion from a steam engine or other power; D, a
single threaded worm; E, a tangent or worm wheel fixed on the shaft F,
and receiving motion from the worm below; G is a short crank formed on the
end of the shaft F, for moving the upper vertical plunger H up and down in a
guide; I, is a lower slider also moving up and down in the frame J. This
latter slider is moved up and down by the end of the lever K entering a
mortice in it at i, the other end fitting a similar mortice at j in a slider L,
working also in a guide attached to the back standard. The upper end of
this last mentioned slider is furnished with a projecting pin l, by which it is
moved;
M is a grooved cam fixed on the side of the wheel, which on being
turned around receives the pin l, moving it up and down to the amount of

page_text: eccentricity of the cam M. On the other side of the tangent wheel there is a
cam N, fixed for drawing the feed slide O backwards and forwards. The
exterior of this cam is concentric with a groove at its outer oblique edge m,
m, m, for drawing the feed slide o by the pin n backward and forward. In the
lower side of the feed slide there is a small slider Y for the purpose of forming
a bottom to the cavity for containing a charge and of being withdrawn when the
cavity is pushed over the compressing box to allow the charge to fall into it.
This small slide y moves with the feed slide until the pin p comes in contact
with the guide q or the inside of the standard at r, when it remains stationary
whilst the feed slide is moved forward with a charge or is withdrawn until its
cavity s comes under the hopper to be refilled. P is the hopper for containing
the material to be packed; t is a light agitator of such a radius as to touch the
top of the slider for the purpose of ensuring it being filled; u is a slider in the
bottom of the hopper, having an opening to permit the material to fall into the
feed slide. At Figure 6 the section of the slide is represented having an
adjusting piece v regulated by a set screw x, so that the cavity may contain
just the quantity required to form the cake.
The operation of this machine is as follows, videlicet:-Suppose the feed
slide to be drawn back so that the cavity is under the hopper, and its under
slide y forming the bottom, the agitator at the same time passing over the
cavity, the material will fall into and fill it; the machine being caused to turn,
the slide will be pushed forward by the groove m, m, m, in the cam N, until it
reaches the position shewn in the Drawing at Figure 1, when the contents of
the cavity will fall into the mould box (the bottom slider y having been kept
back by its pin). At this time the right hand end of the lever K will be
drawn up by the cam M into its highest position, the outer end will then have
drawn down the slider I until it rests on the set screw w, by which it will be
supported and remain at rest. The machine continuing in motion the feed
slide will again be withdrawn, the crank will force the upper plunger down
into the mould box compressing the contents into a solid cake or lump. As
it is desirable for rapidity of operation that a pause should take place in the
compression near the end of the stroke, a slight depression is made in the lower
face of the horizontal slot of the top plunger which allows it to remain stationary
for a short time, immediately after which the pressure is completed; the
plunger is then drawn up, at which time the cam N will have reached the pin 7,
and begin to force up the outer end of the lever K with the slider I, and push
the cake just made out of the mould box, from whence it will be pushed off
by the front end of the slide O in its advance with succeeding charge.

page_text: I do not confine myself to this particular arrangement of machinery for
working the plunger, &c., as other equivalent forms may be adopted, but I
claim as my Invention the general construction of the self-acting feed arrange-
ment, also the method of producing a pause in the compression.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Burgess Pilliner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
RICHARD BURGESS PILLINER. (L.S.)