IMPROVEMENTS IN COKING COAL AND GENERATING GAS FOR HEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay, of Kilmarnock, in the County
of Ayr, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COKING COAL AND GENERATING GAS FOR HEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND
IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Sealed the 23d January 1872, and dated the 5th August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1871.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COKING COAL AND GENERATING GAS FOR HEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its chiest to effect economy in the ooking of

page_text: the process of coking it for the purpose of heating and maintaining the
coking operations, the gas being either readmitted to the coking ovens or
chambers through suitable channels, pipes, or passages in admixture
with the quantity of atmospheric air necessary to ensure their combus-
tion, so far as that can be practically attained, or caused to burn in flues
or chambers surrounding the coking oven, with suitable ports or passages
for admitting the flame into the coking chamber, in order to prevent the
coal being coked from being consumed by contact with atmospheric air,
care also being taken to reduce to a minimum the admission of air to the
coking ovens or chambers by other openings.
The gases may be drawn off and collected into a chamber or other
receptacle, and forced back into the ovens or chambers by a jet or jets of
air or steam, or by any exhausting and forcing mechanism, such for
example as an air pump or fan.
The gas obtained in the manner herein-before described may be con-
ducted through pipes, and used for heating, puddling, scrap, and other
kinds of heating and reverberatory furnaces, or it may be used for the
generation of steam and for lighting purposes, the pipes or passages in
each such case being provided with valves or cocks for regulating the
supply.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Barclay in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the 35th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Andrew Barclay, Her special license that I, the
said Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Andrew Barclay, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to

page_text: time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKING COAL AND GENERATING
GAS FOR HEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew
Barclay, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
gases
My said Invention has for its object to effect economy in the coking
or carbonizing of coal, and it consists in employing the driven off
from the coal in the process of coking or carbonizing it for the purpose
of heating and maintaining the coking or carbonizing operations, the
gas being either readmitted to the coking ovens or chambers through
suitable channels, pipes, or passages in admixture with the quantity of
atmospheric air necessary to ensure their combustion, so far as that can
be practically attained, or caused to burn in flues or chambers sur-
rounding the coking ovens, with suitable ports or passages for admitting
the flame into the coking chamber, in order to prevent the coal being
coked or carbonized being consumed by contact with atmospheric
air, care also being taken to reduce to a minimum the admission of air
to the coking ovens or chambers by both openings. The coking may
be completed by gas produced from any source whatever, or by a
quantity of coal placed in the under or any part of the surrounding
chambers, with the proper quantity of atmospheric air introduced for
that purpose.
The gases may be drawn off and collected into a chamber or other
receptacle, and forced back into the ovens or chambers by a jet or jets of
air or steam, or by any exhausting and forcing mechanism, such for
example as an air pump or fan.

page_text: 'The gas obtained in the manner herein-before described may be con-
ducted through pipes, and used for heating puddling, scrap, and other
kinds of heating and reverberatory furnaces, or it may be used for the
generation of steam and for lighting purposes, the pipes or passages in
each such case being provided with valves or cocks for regulating the
supply.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood
I now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, that is to say :-
On the Sheet of Drawings hereunto appended, Figure 1 is a part
elevation and part vertical section of a series of my improved furnaces
for the coking or carbonising of coal and generating gas for heating and
other purposes, as herein-before mentioned; Figure 2 is a part plan and
part horizontal section thereof; Figure 3 is an end elevation, whilst
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the same on the line x, x, Figure 2.
As shown by the Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings the series is con-
structed of three coking ovens or chambers A. (but any other number
thereof may be employed), which are charged with coal or other
material to be coked or carbonized through openings shown closed by
the doors B at Figures 2 and 4, or through doors situated in the roof of
each oven or chamber. The gases which escape from the materials
during the commencement of the process of coking rise through the
material, being slowly coked or carbonized, and condensing upon the
upper and cooler surface of the chambers A saturate the materials
therein contained, so that the condensed portion becomes subsequently
carbonized in admixture with the other material, the damper x being
slightly opened to allow of the escape of carbonic acid gas and other
products, whilst the air necessary for burning the gases in the flues H
surrounding the ovens A is forced in by the fan G, and the gas subse-
quently produced is carried through the openings or passages C into the
channel D, from whence it is drawn down the pipe E into the pipe or
flue F by means of the centrifugal exhaust fan G working on the shaft h,
and from the pipe or flue F it is forced through the branch pipes f into
the flues or chambers I surrounding the coking ovens A, by the exhaust
fan G, at the same time another exhaust fan G¹ on the same shaft /
forces into the flues or chambers H a current of atmospheric air through
the pipe I, this current of atmospheric air being regulated by means of

page_text: valves or stop-cocks K, in conjunction with the branch pipes 7, leading
into the aforesaid flues or chambers H, to the quantity necessary upon
its admixing with the gases to ensure their combustion so far as that can
be practically attained. The flues or chambers H surrounding the coking
ovens A are constructed with suitable ports or passages a for admitting
the flame into the coking ovens or chambers A, or in place of forcing the
gases and air into the flues H, these may be forced into the upper part
of the chambers A, that is to say, above the materials being coked or
carbonized. It is to be understood that after one of the chambers A is
filled with material to be coked or carbonised, the gas employed for
commencing the coking or carbonizing operations therein is that which
is drawn off from any one of the other chambers A wherein the coking
or carbonising operation is in progress, so that the series of coking or
carbonising chambers are not charged at the same intervals but in alter-
nate succession, thus rendering the coking or carbonizing process
continuous. It is furthermore to be understood that in place of using
a connected series of ovens, that each oven may be complete in itself,
and it may be started into operation either by a fire placed below in the
chamber H or heated by gas supplied from any other source, which is
cut off when sufficient gas for continuing and completing the coking or
carbonising operation is produced by the material being coked or
carbonised. After the material is converted into coke the coke is
withdrawn through the openings B the doors which close them being
opened for that purpose.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
First. The collecting of gases given off from materials being coked or
carbonised, and the utilizing of the same as herein-before described.
Second. The arrangement and construction of a series of coking or
carbonising ovens or chambers wherein the coking or carbonising
operations are conducted substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated on the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
Third. The employment of coking or carbonizing ovens or chambers
singly, that is to say, wherein the coking or carbonising process is com-

page_text: menced either by a fire placed below or by burning gas in the flues
surrounding the same supplied from any other source as herein-before
described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Andrew Barclay, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of February One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.
ANDREW BARCLAY. (L.S.)