IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF FANCY. WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY PROVISIONAL SPATION
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Heyes, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, for the lnvention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF FANCY. WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Heyes-at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th October 1852.
1, GEORGE HEYES, 'Of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FANCY WOVEN OR TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
'I-place a rod or shaft on bearings about the middle of the slay of the
loom, which mount with pulleys or bosses, and connect it with a frame.
or frames to work the, figure, the motion being gained by straps, bands,
or other similar contrivance fixed horizontally to the loom, so that the
alternate or reciprocating motion of the slay communicates an alternate
circular motion to the shaft, and the frame support being attached

page_text: thereto by bands or straps gains a rectilinear motion at right angles
from the horizontal fixed bands or straps, which also give the upward
motion, and are secured to a spring or weight, so that in the event of
an accident such strap. &c., being provided with a notch and catch
which come in contact with each other and relieve the spring or weight
and stop the frame, thus enabling the operator to use or apply success-
fully the loose reed without hazard.
I also apply a lock catch fixed to the loom frame, and at right angles
with it, such catch so arranged as to come in contact with a notched
wheel or pulley travelling with the slay arm, and giving a sliding or
horizontal motion to the pattern frame, such frames being moved,
liberated, stopped, or set in motion by levers being alternately released
by notches or recesses. I make these frames of metal in order to gain
a greater scope for the figure and decrease the friction of the yarn. I
also introduce a satin stripe into the ground of the pattern so woven,
which stripe requiring 4 extra healds I work without additional cylinders
or tappets, but use a cam and catch, so that the plain shafts working
alternately the satin healds gain a second alternate motion, placing the
stripe either above or below.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that this is merely an outline
of my Invention, which I will more fully explain in my Complete
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Heyes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE HEYES, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenticth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said George Heyes, Her especial license
that I, the said George Heyes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Heyes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FANCY WOVEN OR TEXTILE
FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Heyes,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to
be filed in the Offices of the Commissioners for Patents within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Heyes, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:
My Invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving or
manufacturing fancy fabrics, technically called lappets, or other similar
kinds of goods, and consists of a new arrangement of mechanism, by
which I dispense with much of the cumbersome and complicated
machinery hitherto used for this purpose, making the loose reed
applicable to weaving this kind of goods without danger to the frames,
pins, or needles during its operation, and by these iny said improve-
ments I am also enabled to introduce what is called a satin stripe on
either side of the fabric by a new and economical method of working
the heddles. These objects have hitherto been attained by working
rough and rude machinery by hand, or very complicated machinery by
power, which process has been very expensive and troublesome, as well
as creating much and constant friction upon the yarn, but which I
accomplish by a simple and economical arrangement of apparatus fixed.

page_text: to the ordinary loom, as follows:-I fix a rod or shaft on bearings about
the middle of the slay or sword arm, and mount it with pulleys and
springs, to which. I attach a frame or frames to. hold the pins and
needles used to assist in forming the pattern. 1 arrange the said
pulleys and springs so as to raise a spring or weight, and keep the
frame at rest during the operation of the loose reed, and thus avoid all
danger to the frame. I give the necessary motion for this purpose by
fixing straps, bands, or similar contrivance horizontally to the loom, so
that the alternate or reciprocating motion of the slay or sword arm
communicates an alternate circular motion to the shaft, and the support
for the frame being attached thereto by bands or straps gains a
rectilinear motion at right angles from the horizontal fixed bands or
strap, which also give a vertical or upward motion to the pins, and both
a vertical and horizontal 'motion to the needles, and being secured to
the aforesaid spring or weight, so that in the event of an accident'the
strap or band being provided with a notch and catch which come in
contact with each other, and by uncoiling the said spring or raising the
said weight, will keep the frame at rest, thereby avoiding all danger to
the frame by the motions of the loose reed. I also apply a lock catch
which I fix to the loom frame; and at right angles with it, and. so
arranged as to come in contact with a ratchet wheel-and notched rim
or pulley travelling with the slay or sword arm, and which gives a
sliding or horizontal motion to the pattern frame, the said catch being
relieved or stopped by thcsaction of the weft motion, so that the pattern'
wheel will be at rest when' the thread or weft is broken: 1 make the
said frames of iron, steel, brass, or other suitable metal; instead of wood,
as hitherto used; by the substitution of which I gain a greater scope for
the pattern or figure, and decrease very materially the friction of the
yarn. I also introduce a satin stripe on either side of the fabric by
working a number of extrá heddles' by an alternate motion gained from
the ordinary tappet, worked by a cam and catch, instead of additional
cylinders or tappets as heretofore adopted. The nature of these improve-
ments will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are used to
represent similar parts when different views or diagrams are shewn."
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page_text: -Figure 1, is a front elevation of a loom, shewing my improvements;
Figures 2, and 3, are end views of the same; and Figure 4. is a plan'
thereof. a, represents the frame of the loom; 6; the fast and loose pulleys
for giving motion to the loom; c, the crank shaft; d, the connecting rods;
e, and e', the sword arms of the slay; g, and g', yarn beams; "h, the cloth
beam;, the heddles; k, the reed. The needles and pins are placed-in
frames at the back of the slay in such a manner that the pins may
move vertically only, but the needles both vertically and horizontally.
The vertical motion is obtained as follows:-On the sword arms e, and'
e are bearings 1, and shaft m. having round blocks or bosses at n. n',
and n²; the outer block works between pieces of leather or similar
material, so that as-the sword arm vibrates the blocks and shaft have
an alternate circular motion. At the blocks n', and n², are the con-
necting rods o, which are connected to the pin and needle frame p:
The horizontal motion' of the needles and frames is obtained by means
of the ratchet wheel q, turning in or bearing on the sword arm e¹, and
vibrating with it. When the ratchet wheel has, arrived-nearly at its
extreme position forward it comes in contact with a ratchet 1, turning
on its pin at s, which can be adjusted by means of the set screws f,
required for the pattern; at the side of the ratchet wheel is the pattern
u, against which a lever v, works upon its fulcrum, and moves its oppo-
site end ³, in a corresponding manner, which end, by means of a stud
or pin, works in a frame with a vertical slot connected to the needle
frame. The rod w, is connected to the end vu, which works in a similar
frame to the last mentioned. When the loose reed goes back the
lever, falls down, allowing the lever a, to fall and come in contact
with the catch y, fastened on the leathers y', which are released from
the spring or weight, and prevents the rising of the plates or con-
necting rods and needle frames. The apparatus for making the satin
stripes consists of placing on the leathers 1, 1, two plates of metal or
material 2, 2, as supports. At 3, is a compound cam keyed on the
shaft 4, to which motion is conveyed, first, from a double lever keyed on
the shaft 5, to the ends of which and to the lever 6, cords or con-
nections are attached. A ratchet is placed on the lever 6, and acts upon
the ratchet wheel 7, keyed on the shaft 4; thus an alternate motion

page_text: is given to the cam 3, which causes the tops of the holders 8, to
be occasionally over the plates 2, 2, and rise with them; the said holders
are connected to the healds or heddles.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, I desire
it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details herein described, as the same may be varied or modified without
departing from the principle thereof; but I claim as of my Invention,
and which to the best of my knowledge and belief has not been
used or adopted within this realm, the arrangement and combination
of machinery or apparatus applied to the loom for weaving fancy goods,
as herein described, by which I am enabled to use the loose reed with-
out danger of damaging the frame, to cause the frame to ascend
and descend, to stop the motion of the pattern wheel when the weft
thread breaks, and to introduce the satin stripes.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Heyes, have hereunto 1
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named George
Heyes in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
GEORGE HEYES. (L.S.)
Manchester.