Improvements in or relating to Telegraphy.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Telegraphy.
I, ALBRECHT HEIL of Fränkisch Crumbach, Grand Duchy of Hessen, in the
Empire of Germany, Inventor do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
n what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
scertained-in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to improvements in telegraph apparatus and it consists
articularly of the substitution of the hitherto used clock work for uniformly
dvancing the band of paper by a device which is actuated by the current serving
Figure 3 represents a peculiar indicator.
The band of paper is led in my improved apparatus over the rollors ba and ƒ as
illustrated in Figure 1. Motion is imparted to the band by the friction of a
grooved rollor c. mounted with the fly wheel S on the same shaft against the roller ƒ
which is pressed by the spring against the roller c. The shaft carries, in
addition to the fly wheel S and the roller o, a ratchet wheel r, by which the motion
is transmitted through the agenoy of a pawl m to the shaft e. This pawl m is
'movable on the end of a longer arm of a bent lever Hi and has, owing to the action
of a spring B and a screw M the tendency to spring in such a manner that it
strikes against the teeth of the ratchet wheel r. At some distance from the pawl m
but on the same side of the fulcrum of the lever, is arranged a tappet n firmly
secured to the 'lever. This tappet n has for its purpose to actuate the writing
device by acting on a spring 。 putting a shaft t (Figure 2) in an oscillatory
motion; to the end of the shaft t is secured in a suitable manner the ink roller d or
a pencil or the like.
The lever Hi is secured to a shafts which is supported in a brass frame W
secured by means of screws to an electro-magnet E. In front of this frame is
arranged a plate A fixed to the shorter arm i of the bent lever Hi and serving as
armature; the vibratory motions of the plate A are regulated by screws F and F).
The figures of the accompanying drawing show the several parts in their normal
position.
The current flows through the electro-magnet E, the armature A is attracted
towards the frame W, the lever arm is raised and the pushers m and¸n are
removed from the ratchet wheel r and the spring o respectively.
But when the current is broken, the armaturo is released from the electro magnet
causing the lever arm H to fall downwards and the pawl m to ongage with the
ratchet wheel thereby revolving the shaft e, the fly wheel 8, the roller o and
advancing in consequence thercof the band of paper p. The tappet n strikes at the
same time against the spring o pressing the same downwards and raising the ink
roller, pencil etc., against the band of paper on the lower side of the roller f. As
soon as the electromagnet is excited again, the armature A is attracted and the
lever H and the pawl m and tappet n are raised the ink roller is lowered out of
contact with the paper, while the band of paper owing to the momentum of the fly
wheel continues its forward motion.
It is obvious that for receiving a message it is not necessary to especially put the
apparatus in motion and to stop it after the despatch has been received. The
starting as well as the stopping of the apparatus takes place quite automatically,
and the several messages are received successively one after the other without

page_text: requiring the presence OL & telegraph-olerk and without increasing, the consumption
of paper.
The spring o is made of best tempered steel and its point of contact with the
tappet has preferably the shape shown in Figure 1 so that the tappet, when it
strikes too vidiently against tho said spring, will slide off, and the roller is not
pressed against the band of paper more strongly than is necessary. In order to
prevent any unnecessary consumption of paper when telegrams pass through, the
apparatus is stopped by withdrawing a slide r, moving the pawl in to the right, so
that the latter does not engage with the ratchet wheel when the lever H is lowered,
while at the same time a pin is pushed under the small block of the spring B, so
that the tappet n also cannot strike against the spring o. By this means I ensure
that the ink roller when not writing does not touch the band of paper as is the case
in other apparatus.
In combination with the above described apparatus, the device shown in Figure 3
may advantageonsly be employed in substitution of the ink roller.
To the shaft. is secured a bent metal strip k carrying a small tapering tube d
provided in its longitudinal direction with a small slit, its lower end dipping into the
ink. The dashes and points produced therewith are far more exact and clear than
the more or less long dashes produced by the roller; moreover it is considerably
easier to bring this small tube against the band of paper than the roller.
In comparison with other similar constructions having the same purpose this
arrangement offers the advantage of greater simplicity, as it consists only of an
electromagnet with its armature and of a pawl and tappet serving to impart motion.
'Moreover the very suitable arrangement of the several parts requires only a very
'small amount of power, the current needled therefore is small, while at the same
time the simplicity and the absence of any organ which could fail in working,
produce an effective machine.
The apparatus is put in motion as soon as the key is actuated and it is stopped
'immediately the telegraphy has ceased and it is capable of receiving without any
fürther attendance a whole seties of despatchos, as automatically it is put in and
out of action, and after the withdrawal of the slide y, the despatches aro allowed to
pass through the station without being recorded. As is commonly known there are
in use according to the importance of the station two systems of working which are
-quite different from each other; there is either a continuously working current
which is broken by the action of the key (employed when a large number of
telegrams are transmitted) or (when a smaller number are transmitted) the circuit is
without current, when the apparatus is at rest, and the current necessary for
transmitting the despatch is sent into the circuit only by actuating the key. For
this reason it is obvious that the above described arrangement in its actual
.construction cannot be employed in both systems.
The arrangement shown in the Figures 1 and 2 is constructed so as to be fit for
"use when a continuous ourront flows through the circuit; when this is not the case
tho construction must of course be modified, but such a modification offers no
*difficulty.
Figure 4 shows an arrangement of apparatus used less often and through which
a current is flowing only when a despatch is sent off. As is illustrated in the
drawing the modification of the above described apparatus consists simply of the
substitution of the bent lover Hi by the simple lover H which by a spring R
is kept apart from the electromagnet E, which if compared with Figure 1 is
turned through 80°. To this lover, which is also movable as above described,
about the shafts are attached the pawl m and tappet n. The screw F passing
'through the lever H limits the stroke of the latter. For putting the indicator
_out. of gear 1 make use again of a slide v, but this slide is not absolutely
necessary as the downward motion of the lover is limited by the screw F pro-
jecting a suitable distance below the under side of the said lever, in such a
manner, that the pawl m and tappet n do not touch the ratchet wheel or the
spring o. The action of this construction is quite similar to that shown in

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 notwithstanding the arrangement of the current being inverse,.
for here also the pawl and tappet whon at rest are raised and, they are lowered
by pressing the key downward. The only difference consists in that in the first.
construction the lever H is raised by the attraction of the armature A, while
in the second arrangement this is done by the spring R; in the first construction
the lever H falls down owing to the breaking of the current, while in the second
construction the lever H is pulled downward so that the pawl and tappet work
more effectively and the consumption of current is smaller.
The arrangement may of course be made in such a manner that the frame W
(Figure 1) is turned through 180° and the armature A is placed on the other
side of the magnet. By this it may be attained also, that when the magnet is
without current, that is to say, when the armature A is not attracted, the lever H
and the pawl and tappet are raised, as it is necessary for the device illustrated in..
Figure 4.
The apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 as well as that shown in Figure 4 can
be applied to telegraphic apparatus of any kind; in particular they are suitable for
Morse telegraphs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
==
1. In telegraphic apparatus an automatic indicator characterised by the passage
of a current serving to transmit the despatch through an electromagnet E, whereby
a lever H and pawl such as m and tappet such as n secured to the said lever on the
same side of the fulcrum are moved up and down corresponding to the transmitted
signs in such a manner that
a) by the engagement of the pawl m with the ratchet wheel ra roller c is.
rotated and the band of paper p thereby advanced while at the same time
b) by the striking of the tappet n against a spring o the writing or ink roller d
is pressed against the said band of paper substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In the construction characterized in Claim 1 the arrangement for raising and
lowering the pawl and tappet consisting in the employment of a lever such as Hi
to the longer horizontal arm H of which the pawl and tappet are secured whilo
the shorter arm i carries the armaturo A of the electromagnet substantially as.
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In the construction characterized in Claim 1 the employment of the lover H
acting as the armature of the electromagnet from which it is raised by a spring R
but attracted when the electromagnet becomes excited substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In the construction characterized in Claim 1 the arrangement of the pawl m
movable on the lever H and guided in a slide vso that, when a despatch bus to
pass through the apparatus without being recorded the pawl m can escape engage-
ment with the ratchet wheel by means of the withdrawal of the slide so that the
band of paper does not advance, the stroke of the lever H being at the same
time limited by a pin 1 in such a manner that the tappet n does not act on the
ink-roller substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In the arrangement characterized in Claim 1 the substitution of the ink-
roller by a small tube d the lower end of which dips into the ink and which is
held with respect to the band of paper in an inclined position and provided in its
longitudinal direction with a small slit for the ink to ascend substantially as
described and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th den of Tamu 1409