IMPROVED MEANS OF TASTENING CONVBAMIXA AD SRAUDING ADMINISTAT FASTENING, CONNECTING, OR SECURING ARTIFICIAL TRUTH:
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Clarkson, of Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Dentist, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF
TASTENING CONVBAMIXA AD SRAUDING ADMINISTAT
FASTENING, CONNECTING, OR SECURING ARTIFICIAL TRUTH: "

page_text: The methods or means hitherto generally adopted for inserting and
securing artificial teeth consist in inserting and securing them either
on the roots of the natural teeth by means of a pivot or pin running up
or into the root, or such teeth are fixed on or attached to a metallic or
vulcanite base or frame forming a foundation on which to secure the
artificial teeth.
The pins or platina fastenings for connecting and securing such teeth
have hitherto been placed and fitted so as to run right up a hole in the
centre of what are called "tube" teeth, and are soldered to the foundation
frame or palate, the pins being held in their positions in the teeth by
means of sulphur or mastic.
"
The disadvantage of this method of securing artificial teeth is that
where the "bite is closed and the tooth consequently short, thereby
allowing very little length for the pin or pins, they are very liable to
come off or to break. As hitherto practised in flat mineral teeth (so
called from the back of the teeth being quite flat, the front teeth being
only half teeth, and the back part not bearing the least resemblance to
natural teeth), in each tooth two platina pins or rivets are usually
inserted in a horizontal position in the backs for the purpose of securing
them to the artificial frame or plate.
In vulcanite "pin" teeth generally used in the best description of
vulcanite work, they, like the "flat" teeth, have two pins inserted in the
back of each tooth to secure them to the vulcanite foundation or plate,
the disadvantage of this system being that the pins or rivets in the
backs of the teeth prevent them from being hollowed out in a natural
manner.
This Invention has therefore been designed to remedy the above
named disadvantages or defects, and it consists in forming or making
artificial teeth with a lateral hole through each tooth through which
hole a platina pin or fastening (made of the desired shape and size) is
passed and secured to the side or lateral slope or angle of the tooth (or
teeth), and not to the back part or up the centre of the tooth as
hitherto.
The chief advantages of these improved means of fastening and
connecting artificial teeth will be that the platina pins or fastenings of
each tooth can if desired be easily connected or soldered laterally to those
of the next and so on through the entire set, thus affording more strength

page_text: and solidity than can be secured by the old methods; and by reason of
the fastenings being secured to the sides of the teeth, the back part and
consequently the grinding surface of a mineral tooth can in all cases be
made an exact imitation of a natural tooth. Also in consequence of the
teeth being so fastened or connected together a pláte may in many cases
be entirely dispensed with, thus lessening the cost and rendering.
artificial teeth less cumbersome in the mouth.
And further in cases where a frame or plate cannot be dispensed with,
it may be made thinner than is now the practice, corresponding strength
and security being attained by the union of the teeth according to this
improved method.
=
And in cases where a plate or frame is unnecessary the artificial teeth,
all secured, can with the bands or fastenings be more easily adjusted in
the mouth to the natural teeth, thus ensuring greater accuracy in the
fit and more comfort to the wearer; and all the different kinds or
patterns of artificial teeth now in use can be adapted to and be employed.
in this improved system or means of fastening or securing such teeth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
.
filed by the said James Clarkson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CLARKSON, of No. 109, Upper Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Dentist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors
give and grant unto me, the said James Clarkson, Her special licence
that I, the said James Clarkson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Clarkson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OF FASTENING, CONNECTING, OR SECURING ARTIFICIAL TEETH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Clarkson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
i
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Clarkson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:—
The nature of this Invention is to use and adapt lateral or
approximate fastenings in the process of manufacturing mineral teeth,
so that the grinding surfaces may in all cases be an exact imitation of
nature, and by the junction of the said fastenings the teeth may be
securely connected without a frame or foundation. To carry this out a
piece of platina plate is cut about the size of the side of the tooth, and
either the edges turned over or a wire passed through as a holdfast to the
mineral. Two such fastenings, one for each side, are then inserted in the
mould and the ordinary precautions taken to prevent the fastenings
moving. If the wire passing through is allowed to project at the sides it
forms a ready means of slightly soldering a band thereto for adjustment
in the mouth, or as a holdfast or tag for vulcanite.
A tooth made with plate fastenings is suitable for junction with
adjoining teeth by means of gold solder.
When vulcanite is desired between the teeth and under the teeth as a
pad, wires with or without plate may be adapted as lateral fastenings.
The following is a convenient method of carrying out the principle:-
A wire is passed through the tooth in such a position as to allow of
the tooth being ground to any necessary extent in the process of fitting
for the mouth. The wire must also be long enough and bent at such
an angle as to admit of its being twisted or soldered to the fastenings of
the adjoining teeth. Greater security may be obtained by one or two
additional pieces of wire projecting from the sides or by the use of two
wires..
·

page_text: In all cases to carry out this Invention with respect to preserving the
natural shape of the teeth, the fastenings must be attached in such a
position as to allow of the tooth being ground to any required extent in
the process of fitting for the mouth.
"
The principle of this Invention may be applied to "blocks
as well
as single teeth, the fastenings being secured to cach side of the block.
3.
Any pattern of artificial tooth can be moulded and added to or cut
away so as to adapt it to these fastenings, but it is preferable to make
the moulds from the natural teeth.
The design of this Invention is to imitate nature not only in the shape
of the teeth but also in the manner of the connection. This will be
seen by the Drawings representing the junction of the processes of the
natural teeth, and the application of the fastenings used in this improve-
ment.
Teeth made according to this Invention may be used with frames or
foundations when required for suction or other purposes; but such
frames may be of considerable less thickness than usual; the required
strength being obtained by means of the lateral unions.
Variations of this method of securing teeth could easily be made, a
few such are represented in the Drawings. What is claimed as the
Invention is the principle of employing lateral fastenings in imitation of
the junction of the alveolar processes, thereby ensuring natural shape,
solidity, and means of secure union in the articfical substitutes without
necessarily employing a foundation, or frame, whether in the form of
plate, band, bar, or wire; the teeth being securely connected by the
junction of the fastenings.
$02
:
EXPLANATIO
TION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1. Tube tooth as manufactured, side view.
1. Tube tooth
. " .
23.
• back view.
Figure 2. Flat tooth as manufactured, side view.
""
2. Flat tooth
" „...
back view..
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Figure 3. Vulcanite pin tooth as manufactured, side view.
"
3. Vulcanite pin tooth
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، وو
back view.
Figure 4. Crown of natural front tooth, side view.
Figure 4. Crown of natural front tooth, back view.....