Improvements in the Method of Heating, Welding, or Working Metals Electrically, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of Heating, Welding, or Working
Metals Electrically, and in Apparatus therefor.
A communication by CHARLES LEWIS COFFIN, of 980, Jefferson Avenue,
Detroit, in the County of Wayne, and State of Michigan, United States of
of America, Chemist.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in a method of and apparatus for heating, welding or
working metals electrically, hereinafter fully described and claimed.
Figure is a diagrammatic elevation of an apparatus which may be used to
practise the invention, and
Figure 2 is a side view, partly in section, of a modification of the upper carbon
mechanism.
A represents an electro-magnet, above which is supported the material M.
G represents a generator, one pole of which is connected through the winding of the
electro-magnet A with the material M by the conductors Y and Y¹.
Although shown wound in this manner, the magnet A may have its winding in a
shunt circuit, in parallel, or may be in an independent circuit, separately excited,
the main thing being that the material shall be connected with one terminal of the
generator, and that the magnet shall be excited.
C represents a carbon above material M, connected by conductors X and X' with
the other terminal of generator G. The carbon C is held in a holder
m, provided
with an insulating handle having a shield 9 and a set screws to connect it with
the carbon holder m.
The carbon holder m may be of material which is permanently magnetic, or may
be of magnetic metal forming the core of an electro-magnet B which is shown in
the drawing as connected by a shunt circuit c d, in which may be interposed if
desired, a resistance switch R.
In Figure 1 the carbou holder m is hollow with the carbon running through it.
This, however, may be reversed, as shown in Figure 2, in which the magnetic
material m may be a solid rod running down through a hollow carbon C, the two
being connected by a holder D (preferably diamagnetic), clamped by a set screws¹
to the magnetic rod m, and hy a thumb screw S to the carbon C.
It is preferable to have the upper pole of magnet A a north pole, and the lower
pole of magnet m a south pole if the current in the welding are formed between the
material M and the carbon C is from said material to said carbon, whenever the
current is not so strong as to produce an arc of too great size and intensity. With
this arrangement the lines of magnetic force will flow from magnet A to magnet m
in the same direction as the current, and will enclose the arc in a field of magnetic
lines, thus holding it steady and preventing it from wavering. If the polarity of
the magnets be reversed, the direction of the current remaining the same, the effect
of the lines of magnetic force will be to reduce the flow of the current, and thus
reduce the size and intensity of the arc.
Thus with the current and lines of magnetic force flowing in the same direction,
the arc is steadied but not reduced, while with the lines of magnetic force and
current flowing in opposite directions, the arc is steadied but at the same time
reduced in intensity.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be perforined, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The herein described mode of beating, welding or working metal electrically,
consisting in springing an arc between the material to be heated or welded and an
extraneous conductor, between the poles of two magnets, located at opposite sides
of the material to be heated or welded, said arc springing within the lines of
magnetic force extending between said magnets.
2. In an apparatus for electrically welding metal, the combination, with a
generator having one terminal connected with the material to be heated or welded,
and an extraneous conductor connected with the other terminal of said generator,
of two magnets located at opposite ends of the arc, substantially as shown and
described.
3. In an apparatus for electrically welding or working metal by means of a
voltaic are sprung between the article to be welded or worked and an extraneous
conductor, a magnetic holder for said extraneous conductor, and a magnetic support
for the material, substantially as shown and described.
4. A tool for electrically heating metal consisting of an insulating handle
carrying an electrode and a magnet, substantially as shown and described.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
100010
n107 cum naaner
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.