CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Tayler, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, and James Slater, of the same place,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING."―Partly a
communication.
Sealed the 12th January 1853, and dated the 23rd October 1852..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Tayler and
James Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd October 1852.
We, JOHN TAYLER and JAMES SLATER, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, AP-
PARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of a series of improvements in the
machines or apparatus ordinarily used in weaving.
The first part of our improvements applies to self-acting temples, and
consists, firstly, in the use of caoutchouc or india-rubber as a material for
the springs by which the attachment of the temples to the framing of
the loom is rendered yielding or elastic. Secondly, in a new mode of
mounting or attaching the temples to the framing, so contrived that
A

page_text: they (the temples) shall be firmly pressed up against the reed so long
as the weaving proceeds with regularity; but in the event of the tongue
of the stop-rod slipping over the frog, while the shuttle is absent from
both boxes, the temple head shall be liberated and allowed to slide
towards the breast beam, so as to obviate the risk of injury to the reed
or the shuttle. Thirdly, in the application to rotary temples, constructed
after certain forms of certain additional apparatus and attachments not
hitherto used in combination therewith, the object whereof is to give
additional support to the cloth, and to counteract the tendency of the
same to contract in the middle of the web, and also to allow the temples
to yield slightly to the impulses of the reed in beating up. Fourthly,
in supporting the heads of rotary temples which take hold of the cloth
by means of pins projecting from the outer edges of horizontal discs or
wheels in a manner different from any heretofore in use. And, fifthly,
in the employment of zinc, or of iron coated with zinc or with tin,
as a material for various parts of temples, instead of brass; also in the
coating of certain parts of temples with gutta-percha or other similar
substance capable of resisting the attacks of moisture.
The second part of our Invention is an improvement in the configu-
ration and construction of the weft fork, consisting principally in an
alteration in the position of its pivot calculated to render the equilibrium
of the fork more firm, and prevent breakage of the prongs; also in
making the prongs separate from the stock and removable or renewable
at pleasure, and in giving to them a direction making a certain angle
with a line drawn through the pivot and the claw at the extremity of
the stock.
The third of our improvements is applicable to the shuttles employed
in weaving, and is designed partly to prevent the occurence of "float"
by causing the weft to be broken or cut whenever imperfect shedding
takes place, and partly to retain the cop on the spindle and to prevent
its being shaken off by the vibration of the shuttle in weaving. Our
apparatus for this purpose consists of an improved modification of
certain apparatus heretofore applied (but unsuccessfully) to the use first
mentioned, and which we apply in combination with certain new parts
and arrangements, partly auxiliary to such old apparatus, and partly

page_text: adapted to the purpose secondly above mentioned, namely, the better
securing the cop on the spindle or skewer during the process of
weaving.
Another of our improvements also relates to power looms, and
consists in a mode of registering on a dial the length of the cloth as it
is woven.
In looms wherein the rate at which the cloth is taken up is
governed by the uniform rotation of a regulating or emery roller, we
accomplish this by connecting with the spindle or axis of the emery
roller a train of wheel work, which causes an index to move over a
graduated circle on a dial, cach division in which corresponds to a
definite space moved through in the same time by a point in the surface
of the emery roller. In looms which take up positively with one beam
only, and in which uniformity in the taking up of the cloth is obtained
by causing the velocity of the ratchet wheel to vary inversely as the
diameter of the cloth roll, we cause our train of wheels to receive its
first motion from the axis of the ratchet wheel, instead of from that of
the emery roller.
Another part of our improvements applies to power looms, and
consists in an arrangement whereby the weight or spring which puts
on the break is made also to effect the traverse of the rod which actuates
the clutch of the recoiling apparatus.
Another part of our Invention relates to power looms, and specially
to the self-acting mechanism by which the loom is disengaged from the
moving power and stopt when the weft fails or the shuttle misses
boxing, as well as to the recoiling motion or apparatus for letting back
the cloth when necessary. This improvement consists in the substitu-
tion of a simpler and cheaper combination of mechanical parts in place
of that usually employed, but effecting precisely the same objects, and
having the additional advantages of reducing the cost of the construction
of the loom in the first instance, of lessening the expense of subsequent
repairs, and of rendering its working more simple and easy, and its
parts more readily accessible for the purposes of inspection and
adjustment.
Another head or part of our Invention comprises improvements in
the self-acting mechanism employed for stopping the power loom, either

page_text: instantaneously or gradually, according to the nature of the emergency.
It consists, firstly, in an improvement upon a method of stopping power
looms originally proposed and described in the Specification enrolled in
pursuance of the provisions contained in certain Letters Patent, dated
July the Twelfth, 1884, and granted to John Ramsbottom and Richard
Holt, for Certain Improvements in the Construction of Power Looms
for Weaving Cotton and other Fibrous Materials into Cloth and other
Fabrics." In this arrangement a catch or notch on a sliding bar is caused
to become engaged with a notch pin or projection on the fly wheel; and
the essential feature of our present improvement consists in imparting
a certain degree of elasticity to the attachments or supports of the bar
by the intervention of a spring or springs for the purpose of preventing
the sudden concussion and vibration otherwise attendant on the action
of the apparatus when such attachment or connexion is of a rigid and
unyielding nature. Secondly, we further improve and modify the last
mentioned apparatus by placing the bar in a vertical position, and by
introducing a spring and swivel into the rod which connects it with the
frog; and further, we combine therewith, in some cases, a friction break
acting on the fly wheel, and so formed as to be double acting, that is
to say, capable of being applied alternately by the motive force of the
fly wheel acting through the vertical rod, or by an independent force,
such as a weight or spring, according to the nature of the emergency
demanding its application. Thirdly, we arrest the motion of the loom
by causing a break to be applied to a fly wheel fixed on one of the
principal shafts of the loom by the motion of a wheel on the other shaft.
This improvement is effected by a projection from or notch in the wheel
on the tappet or other shaft becoming engaged with a corresponding
hook, catch, or tooth, on one of the arms of the break, or on a link
attached thereto, such hook, catch, tooth, or link being drawn into
contact with the projection from or notch in the wheel by the forward
motion of the sliding frog.
Another part of our Invention consists in the application to power
looms of an improved form of vibrating back rest, commonly called a
vibrator, which differs from those in common use chiefly in having the
centres on which it oscillates placed as nearly as conveniently may be

page_text: to the bearings of the warp beam, or rather a little behind them, and
in being provided with adjustments, whereby the arc of its vibration
can be regulated in length so as to correspond with the depth of the
hed to be opened.
Another part of our improvements, which is also applicable to looms,
consists in a peculiar modification of the common taking up motion,
whereby the detaining catch is dispensed with, and the driving catches
enabled to act upon the ratchet wheel, both during the backward and
forward stroke of the catch lever.
The last division of our Invention, which also relates to power looms,
comprises apparatus whereby we propose to regulate the letting off of
the yarn from the warp beam by the tension or strain which the yarn
itself undergoes in the act of shedding, the force developed by which
we apply either to release a tooth of a ratchet wheel connected by
suitable toothed gear with the axis of the yarn beam, or to withdraw
the pressure of a friction break acting on a circular rim or flange fixed
on the same axis with the yarn beam, thus allowing the latter to rotate,
and thereby give off the supply of varn required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Tayler and James Slater in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JOHN TAYLER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JAMES SLATER, of the same place, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Tayler and James Slater, Her
especial license that we, the said John Tayler and James Slater, our
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Tayler and James Slater, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to

page_text: time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY,
APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENTS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Tayler and James Slater, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and scals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Tayler and James Slater,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
The nature of the said Invention will be ascertained by the descrip-
tion and explanation of the several parts thereof herein-after following.
It will be thereby shown to relate to several of the details or subordinate
parts of the machinery commonly used for weaving purposes, and par-
ticularly to such as is adapted to the production of cotton or worsted
fabrics. It consists in various improvements applicable to such ma-
chinery, and more especially to power looms, shuttles, and self-acting
temples, the general efficiency and economy of which it is intended to
improve by diminishing the liability to fracture or accidental damage,
either of the machinery or of the material or fabric in process of manu-
facture; by dispensing in part with labour and care on the part of the
operative, so as to render the attention of the same individual adequate
to the supervision of a greater number of looms; and by reducing the
primary cost of the construction of the machinery, and the subsequent
expense of its maintenance.
Although these improvements are proposed to be applied collectively,
yet, inasmuch as weaving machinery varies greatly in its construction
and arrangements, and requires modifications in many of its parts from
time to time to adapt it to different materials, fabrics, or modes of

page_text: manufacture, we therefore wish it to be understood that the several
improvements herein-after mentioned are to be applied in any case to
the extent only, or in such special form of combination, as the nature
and requirements of the individual case may indicate to be most
beneficial. It will also be seen that some of the improvements herein
described are merely modifications of or substitutes for others intended
to be applied in cases where the nature of the machinery to be improved
renders the first or original arrangement inapplicable.
In the following statement we shall describe the improvements which
constitute the said Invention separately and distinctly; and in order to
render such statement more easily intelligible, we have annexed to these
Presents two Sheets of illustrative Drawings, in referring to which the
same letters or characters are constantly employed to indicate the same
parts in the several Figures or Diagrams introduced to elucidate each
particular head or subject.
This Invention relates, in the first place, to self-acting temples, com-
prehending improvements in the mode of mounting or attaching the
same to the framing of the loom, as well as the novel use of certain
substances as materials to be applied to the construction of such
mountings, or of the temples themselves.
Firstly, we use caoutchouc or india-rubber as a material for the
springs, by which the attachment of the temples to the framing of
the loom is rendered yielding or elastic. Our mode of constructing
such springs is either by inserting india-rubber in a block or series of
layers between two plates prepared for its reception, or by arranging a
number of discs or washers of india-rubber upon a rod or spindle, with
alternate washers of iron or other rigid substance interposed between
them, in either case using the elastic cushion so formed as an abut-
ment for the support of the temple against the beat up of the sley. The
first mode of application is shewn at Figure 13, on the first Sheet of
Drawings, where f, represents a series of layers of indin-rubber substi-
tuted for the metal spring shewn in Figure 10, as part of the mounting
of the temple. In the plan view Figure 8, and sectional view Figure
9, on the same Sheet, the other mode of construction is shewn applied
in the springs of a box and roller temple. The spindles c, c, which

page_text: carry the temple pass through perforations in the lugs a', a', of the
brackets a, a, and also through holes in the washers e, e, e, of india-
rubber and iron, which form the spring cushions, and against one end
of which the nut d, screwed on the spindle c, abuts, while another nut
d', limits the range of the spindle's motion by resting against the lug
a. By means of these nuts the distance and parallelism of the temple
with respect to the reed can be adjusted with the greatest nicety, and
also the degree of play allowed it, which it is obvious will be determined
by the amount of compression to which the india-rubber springs are
subjected.
Secondly, we mount temples upon looms with stop rods in such a
manner that they shall be firmly pressed up towards the reed so long
as the weaving proceeds in its ordinary course, but in the event of the
tongue of the stop rod slipping over the frog before the shuttle has
reached the box the temple head shall be liberated and allowed to slide
towards the breast beam, thereby obviating the damage or injury which
might otherwise ensue to the reed or shuttle. We shall explain this
improvement by reference to the sido view, Figure 11, on the first
Sheet of Drawings. The temple head c, slides on the bracket b; but
in order to maintain it in its proper position, and prevent it from
being driven back at each beat up of the sley, a projection from it is
made to rest in a notch provided for that purpose on the arm h', of
the lever h. This lever h, turns on a centre affixed to the temple
bracket or to the breast beam flanch, and is supported in its position
by the pressure of the spring k. It carries at its lower extremity an
arm or tongue h³, which is to be so adjusted that one of two extra
fingers or tongues fixed for that purpose on the stop rod will come in
contact with it in case the stop rod is not raised into its proper position
at the beat up of the sley by the presence of the shuttle in the box.
These tongues are to be of such length as, if depressed, to come in
contact with the arm h², before the reed has approached the fell of the
cloth within a distance somewhat exceeding the width of the shuttle
in use.
Thirdly, to rotary temples of that kind which take hold of the
cloth by means of pins projecting from the edges or circumferences of

page_text: horizontal dises or wheels, we apply certain additional parts not here-
tofore used in combination therewith, the objects of which additional
parts are to give support to the cloth in process of manufacture, and
to counteract its tendency to contract in the middle of the web, to
force the cloth with greater certainty into contact with the holding pins
as it leaves the reed, and to allow the temples to yield slightly to the
impulses of the reed or sley as it beats up. We effect this improve-
ment by mounting the temple heads on the adjustable extremities of a
bar which extends under the cloth from side to side of the web, and
with the edge of which bar the cloth is kept in close contact as it leaves
the reed, so that the adhesion of the cloth to the edge of the bar has
a tendency to prevent or obstruct the alternate distension and collapse
to which the cloth is ordinarily subject while being woven. We force
the cloth as it leaves the reed to be immediately taken hold of by the
pins on the temple head, by confining it under a projecting shell or
finger, the anterior edge of which is presented to the reed. To impart
to the temples the necessary degree of yield or elasticity, we mount the
bar which carries them on metal springs or on india-rubber springs
constructed as herein-before described. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and
7, on the first Sheet of Drawings, explain our mode of applying this
part of our improvements. a a, a, Figures 1, 2, and 3, shew the
elevation, section, and plan view of the bar which we use to carry
the temple heads, and the ends of which b, b, b, are capable of being
adjusted to different widths of fabric by bolts and nuts passing
through longitudinal slots c, c, c, c. Figures 1, 3, 5, and 6, are
different views of the temple head, shewn both in position and
separate, but which being old we need not further advert to, except
for the purpose of explaining the application of the new and addi-
tional part, the cap d. d, d, d, Figures 1, 3, and 7, shew the form
and position of the cap, which is used to confine the cloth in contact
or close proximity with the edge of the wheel or disc, and to ensure its
being laid hold of by the pins. Figure 7, is an end view of one of
them seen from behind, and showing how the front part is made to
overhang as at d. The lower edge of this overhanging part can be
elevated or depressed by means of the screws which secure the cap to

page_text: the temple head. c, c, Figure 1, are lugs to which the upper extremities
of upright steel springs are bolted, their other ends being fastened to
the cross rail or stretcher in front of the loom, and their inclination
towards the reed regulated by retaining hooks fastened by adjusting
nuts to the breast beam in a manner common and well known. We
have shewn only the tops of two such springs in the Drawing, they
being of a kind well known. The india-rubber springs herein-before
described may be used in their stead with advantage, especially for
weaving heavy cloth.
Fourthly, in cases where the use of the bar above described may
not be deemed desirable, we support the heads of the before-mentioned
rotary temples in a novel manner as applied to such temples, which we
will explain by reference to Figures 10, 11, 12, and 18, on the first
Sheet of Drawings; 10, and 13, being plan views, 11, a side view
partly in section, and 12, a view of the temple head scen endways.
We make the bracket which carries the temple head of nearly the
usual form, except that it has extending down its middle, through
nearly its own length, a longitudinal aperture or slot. Through this
slot is inserted a tenon or rib, projecting from the under side of the
temple head a, so that the latter, when moved backward and forward,
is retained in its proper path by the confinement of the tenon in the
slot. Behind the temple head is a block piece or abutment e, either
retained in its position by the lever h, shewn in Figure 11, in the mode
herein-before described, or firmly fixed to the bracket plate b, the latter
plan being applicable to loose reed looms, the former to those with stop
rods. The abutment piece e, supports a spring f, shewn as of metal
in Figure 10, and of india-rubber in Figure 13, which spring bears
against the temple head c, and presses it up towards the reed.
Fifthly, we employ galvanized iron, or iron coated with zinc and
gutta percha, as materials for constructing those parts of box and
roller temples which are exposed to the contact of the cloth in
weaving where wet weft is used. The manner of applying the-e
materials must of course be, generally speaking, very much matter
of discretion. We will shortly explain the mode we prefer. Refer-
ring to Figures 8, and 9, on the first Sheet of Drawings, the first

page_text: being a plan.view, the second a section of a box and roller temple'; 0,
is the box or trough of the temple, m being the roller, and m², m², its
holding parts, which are generally parts of 'the solid roller, chased and
fluted so as to present a surface studded with pyramidal protuberances
for taking hold of the cloth. These parts we make of brass in the form
of cylinders or tubes, with their external surfaces prepared as above
mentioned, and fitted internally so as to revolve-loosely on the cor-
responding parts of the roller m, which are turned down to receive
them. The middle part of the roller m, between these brass tubes,
we cover with sheet gutta percha turned in the form of a cylinder,
and cemented at the junction of its edges. The trough o, we make
of galvanized iron, perforating holes on the under side of it to allow
any collected moisture to escape.
.. This Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in the con-
figuration and construction of that appendage to the power loom
which is technically known as the weft fork. This instrument is
ordinarily constructed in the form shewn at Figure 14, on the first
Sheet of Drawings. It consists of a boss a, through which passes
the pin or pivot on which it is hung. From one side of this boss
proceeds a hooked finger and from the contrary side three curved
prongs, the profile of which appears at c. When a fork of this
construction is jerked by the impact of the weft into the position
indicated by the dotted lines, it recovers its equilibrium slowly unless
considerable preponderance is given to the hooked finger b, in which
case the latter is apt to rebound from the arched head of the
radial arm. The fork is also generally forged out of one pieco of
metal, which renders it expensive to make, and incapable of being
repaired in the very common event of the fracture of one of the prongs.
Our improvements, in explaining which we shall have to refer to
Figure 15, on the same Sheet of Drawings, are as follows:-Firstly,
we make the boss a', and hooked finger b', in a separate piece from the
prongs, so that the latter, which are made of wire, and inserted into
holes drilled in the former, can be easily removed and replaced in case
of fracture. The boss a', and finger part b', may be cast in brass or
other metal in one piece, and we find it best and cheapest to niake it

page_text: of that which is commonly known as malleable cast iron. Secondly,
we give to the fork such a configuration that its pivot is placed some-
what above the line of the hooked finger b', as shewn in Figure 15,
the object of which is to diminish the angle contained between lines
proceeding from the centre of the pivot, and passing one of them
through the hooked extremity of the finger, and the other through that
part of the prong on which the weft impinges; and we prefer and
recommend that this angle, instead of being one of from one hundred
and thirty to one hundred and fifty degrees, as is usual, should
in no case exceed one hundred degrees. Thirdly, we make the
prongs of steel or brass wire, and separately from the other part of
the fork, to which they are attached by being inserted into holes
through a small flanch at d, and through the shoulder part of the
hooked finger at f, where they may be secured by rivetting. We give
the prongs a configuration resembling that shewn at c', in the Figure.
It will be evident on inspection of the form of our improved fork, as
shown in Figure 15, that a fork of this form will, from the large
proportion of weight collected under its pivot at a', have its equilibrium
easily and quickly restored without the hooked finger being made
unnecessarily heavy, and without its being subject to any resilient or
dancing motion, when it ought to be quiescent on the top of the radial
arm. The advantages attending its superior cheapness of construction
and facility in replacing the prongs, need not be pointed out.
The said Invention relates, thirdly, to shuttles, and consists in the
addition thereto of an improved apparatus for the two-fold purpose of
preventing the occurrence of what is technically termed "float," and of
retaining the cop on the spindle, and preventing its being shaken off by
the vibration in the shuttle caused by the blows of the picker. The
defect termed "float" is caused by imperfect shedding, and in order to
prevent it we cause the twist or threads of the warp which obstruct the
shuttle race, from being insufliciently raised or depressed in the shedding,
to press down a small hook or cutter near the eye of the shuttle which
catches and divides the weft as it passes off the skewer towards the eye
of the shuttle, and this being done the loom is stopped by the action of
the weft motion in the same manner as in an ordinary case of broken or

page_text: exhausted weft. It is proper to mention here, that hooks or cutters of
this kind have before been applied, or attempted to be applied, for this
purpose; and, therefore, we wish it to be understood that this part of
our Invention does not consist in the use merely of such hooks or
cutters, but in the mode of applying and fixing them to the shuttle
herein-after described, the peculiarities of which are the compact form
of the apparatus, and its capability of being affixed on the solid part of
the shuttle so as not to weaken the sides thereof; the entire absence
of every part of the apparatus from the body of the shuttle, so that is
no longer liable to be interferod with or damaged by the weaver in the
act of removing or replacing the cops; and the incorporation with it of
the transverse plate herein-after described, for the double purpose of
retaining the cop on the spindle, and masking the hook or cutter
so that it may not catch the yarn in its passage from the skewer, except
when depressed for that purpose. We shall clucidate our description of
this apparatus by reference to Figures 16, 17, and 18, on the first Sheet
of Drawings; 16, being a plan view of the eye end or half of a shuttle;
17, the view of the same exposed by a section longitudinally through
the middle; and 18, a transverse section near the end of the skewer.
a, is the cop on the skewer, the yarn from which is unwound in the
direction indicated by the small arrow in Figure 18. There is a small
metallic frame let into the solid end of the shuttle, the upper side of
which is externally of the concave form shewn by the curved line at c,
in Figure 17. The remaining part of the end of the shuttle not
occupied by the apparatus is hollowed to a corresponding curvature
quite across, so that upon the shuttle forcing its way under the
imperfectly shedded threads, the latter being raised by it, and passing
on its upper surface so soon as the hollow part reaches them, sink into
it, and exert a certain degree of pressure in doing so.
This pressure
acts upon a tongue d, pivoted on a pin in the frame at one end e,
which is formed into a lump or boss, whose under surface is composed
of two planes inclined to each other at a very considerable angle.
These planes are pressed against by a spring (see Figure 17), and they
have such an inclination to each other that, when the spring f, presses
against one of them, the tongue d, which is straight, assumes a position

page_text: coinciding with the plane of the upper surface of the body of the
shuttle. This position it retains until it meets with obstruction from
yarn sticking in the shed, when it is so far depressed as to bring the
spring to bear on the other plane, which retains it in the depressed
position. The tongue d, is furnished at its extremity with a small
look or cutter g, Figure 18, which, when the tongue is elevated, is
screened by the transverse plate k, to be presently mentioned; but
when the tongue is depressed, passes within the circular aperture
formed in the plate, and presenting itself in the path of the yarn
gyrating round the end of the skewer, arrests and divides it. k, is the
transverse plate let into the shuttle near the end of the skewer; it has
a circular opening large enough to admit the passage of the yarn, but
so small that if the cop be shaken loose on the skewer, it prevents it
from coming off, and, breaking the yarn, causes the loom to be stopped
for the weaver to replace the cop. There is a slit from this circular
aperture opening upwards, as shown, to admit the passage of the end
of the skewer when the cops require to be renewed or replaced.
The said Invention relates, fourthly, to the division of the cloth
woven into cuts or pieces of the required length. The mode at
present adopted is to cause the warp, in one of its preparatory
processes, to be marked at stated intervals, corresponding in length,
as nearly as can be ascertained, with the length of the cuts into
which the web is to be subsequently divided.
But as the warp
shrinks under the process of being woven, and that irregularly, it
is impossible to fix these points accurately. An allowance is, there-
fore, made, and the cut, after being taken out of the loom, is
fented to reduce it to the standard length. This causes considerable
waste, which it is the object of our present improvement to prevent.
We accomplish it in the following manner:-In looms wherein the
rate at which the cloth is taken up is governed by the uniform rotation
of a regulating or emery roller, by adhesion to which the cloth is drawn
forward and wound on the cloth beam, we make the surface of such
emery roller the instrument of admeasurement by connecting its axis
through a suitably arranged train of wheel work, with an index or
finger whose point traverses the graduated circle of a dial, the divisions

page_text: in which correspond with definite spaces moved through by a point in
the surface of the emery roller. For instance, if we suppose the emery
roller to be fifteen inches in circumference, and the dial circle to con-
tain divisions representing thirty yards, it is obvious that seventy-two
revolutions of the emery roller will take up this length of cloth. If
we therefore place a worm on the axis of the emery roller, and make
it gear with a worm wheel of seventy-two teeth, fixed on the arbor
which carries the index or finger, it is clear that one revolution of the
latter will correctly represent an accumulation of thirty yards of cloth
on the beam. In looms which take up positively with one beam only,
and in which uniformity of texture in the fabric is secured by causing
the rotations of the ratchet wheel to vary in velocity inversely as the
diameter of the cloth roll, the above arrangement is not applicable,
because there is no emery roller from which the necessary admetation
can be derived. In this case, therefore, we cause our train of wheels
to receive its motion from a pinion or worm on the axis of a ratchet
wheel, which, being driven by a catch worked from an eccentric on the
tappet shaft, advances one tooth for every two picks of weft put into
the cloth. Hence, the length of the cloth wound on is ascertained in
this case by a computation founded on the number of picks put in.
As the number of picks per inch may require to be varied from time
to time, it becomes necessary, in this case, to provide some means to
regulate the speed of the pinion or worm driving the train of wheels,
so that their motion may be correspondingly altered. We find it most
convenient to do this by causing one revolution of the ratchet wheel
always to represent one inch of cloth woven. As the dog or catch
worked by the tappet shaft takes up a tooth on the ratchet wheel
for every two picks, we make the number of teeth in the ratchet
wheel to be used for any given strength of fabric equal to twice
the number of the picks to be put into a quarter of an inch of the
cloth. The ratchet wheel thus becomes the change wheel; that is, if
the cloth is to contain sixteen picks in one quarter of an inch we apply
a ratchet wheel having thirty-two teeth. Under these conditions it will
be seen that each revolution of the pinion or worm on the axis of the
ratchet wheel will always correspond to one inch of cloth taken up on

page_text: the cloth beam. We have now an uniform first mover, from which it
is easy by a suitable intermediate train to communicate a definite rate
of movement to the index or finger. Suppose, for example, as in the
former case, that the dial circle is divided to represent thirty yards.
Now, as each revolution of the ratchet wheel is equivalent to one inch,
if we put a worm on the same axis gearing into a worm wheel of thirty-
six teeth, each revolution of the latter will be equivalent to one yard
wound on the cloth beam. Let a pinion on the axis of the worm
wheel gear with a second wheel, the number of teeth in which is to
that of the leaves of the pinion as thirty to one, and it is evident that
onc revolution of this last wheel will correctly represent by the motion
of the finger or index which it carries an accumulation of thirty yards
of cloth on the cloth beam. The mode of carrying out this part of our
Invention is of course susceptible of very great variety of arrangement
in the details without departure from its general character. It is
evident also that the manner of attaching the apparatus to the loom
must depend on the particular form of the individual machine to which
it is to be applied.
The said Invention relates, fifthly, to that part of the power loom
known as the recoiling motion or apparatus, which is a piece of self-
acting mechanism for allowing the cloth beam to recoil a few picks
in cases where the taking up has proceeded for that space without
the due insertion of the weft; and it is to that kind of such apparatus
which is put into action by the motion lengthways of a rod extending
transversely across the loom, and to that kind only, that this part of
our Invention applies. The improvement consists in dispensing with
the spring which is generally used for the purpose of effecting the
traverse of the rod which actuates the recoiler, and causing such rod to
receive its motion from the weight or spring which puts on the break.
This improvement is restricted in its application to such looms as are
constructed with a break, which is applied by mechanism similar to
that represented in the sketch, Figure 19, in the first Sheet of
Drawings. This consists, so far as it relates to the break, of a bell
crank lever, the two arms of which are marked a, a, by one of which
the weight or spring of the break is upheld through the wire 6. A

page_text: vertical stem c, has a hook or catch which rests on the weft lever until
the latter is withdrawn from under it by the action of the weft motion,
when the lever being unsupported allows the weight or spring to fall
and apply the break. When the loom is started again the pin'd, in
the spring handle acting against the upright arm a, of the lever, again
rises the weight and takes off the pressure of the break. Our present
improvement consists simply in adding to this lever a third arm k,
which being connected to the rod m, which actuates the recoil motion,
causes the same to be traversed and brought back again every time the
weft motion acts.
The said Invention relates, sixthly, to these parts of the mechanism
of a power loom whereby it is disengaged from the moving power
and stopped on failure of the supply of weft, and by which also
the cloth beam is caused to recoil for the purpose of supplying
deficient picks and preventing galls. But our improvement does
not consist in new apparatus for either of these purposes, but only
in a new mode of arranging and applying those already in use, and
connecting them with the other parts of the loom by means of a.
simpler, more economical, and more compact combination of their
mechanical parts than that usually employed. The last-mentioned or
fifthly described improvement, which is intended to facilitate the appli-
cation of a recoil notion to those looms only which are constructed in
a certain form; and furnished with certain apparatus, is included in the
present more comprehensive improvement, which we prefer in cases of
new looms, or in other cases where circumstances will admit of its.
application. This improvement will be most easily explained by an
enumeration of the parts represented in Figures 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24,
on the first Sheet of Drawings, such Figures conveying an idea of the
relative arrangement and collocation of the parts of the apparatus more
readily than a verbal statement. Figure 20, is a plan view; Figure
21, an elevation; and Figure, 22, an end view of so much of our
apparatus as is placed at the taking-up side of the loom; Figure 28, is
a plan view, and Figure 24, an elevation of that part of it which is
placed on the setting on side. In these Figures, a, a, are portions
of the ordinary framing of the loom. Parts of the breast beam are
B

page_text: shewn as broken away in Figures 20, and 21, the better to expose
the parts under review. a', a', are brackets or extra frame work for
supporting the apparatus; b, is a sinall spindle or shaft.
Upon it are
placed, first, the catch lever c, of the taking-up motion screwed fast;
secondly, the upright standard d, loose; thirdly, the radial arm c, of the
weft motion cast in one piece with the half of a clutch e', and with it
loose on the shaft b; fourthly, the remaining half of the clutch e', which
is screwed fast on the shaft b, so as to move with it, and with the catch
lever of the taking-up motion. By its action on the corresponding part
of the clutch attached to the radial arm e, it causes the latter to vibrate
through a short are at every alternate pick of the loom. The weft fork
and stand are carried on an upright stem d', adjustable by set screws in
the lugs of the standard d. The top of this stem, and the stand of the
weft fork, are made in the form shewn in the Drawing, so that the
position of the fork is casily adjustable either in a vertical or horizontal
direction. f, is a rod which extends from side to side of the loom, and
is free to move longitudinally in its bearings. On this rod are fixed
bosses ff. The former of these has one of its sides formed into an
inclined plane as seen in plan view. The other f, carries a pin f
projecting through a slot in the lever m.
the bracket a', forms the fulcrum of a lever g'; one arm of which
forms a stop to the boss f', while the other is connected by the link g
with the standard d. This arm of the lever is maintained in position
by the spring h, fixed on a flanch of the bracket a', and there is an
adjustable finger extending from a projecting part k, of the same
bracket, which passes in front of the radial arm e, and the standard d,
preventing then from leaning too much towards the reed. The pin ƒ³,
on the boss f, works in a slot in the upright lever m, whose fulcrum
is on a stud projecting from the loom framing, and receiving the lower
extremity of the lever m. This lever carries a pin m, which lies in
the groove of the sliding clutch o, of the recoil motion. P, is the
ratchet wheel of the taking-up motion, cast in one piece with the slotted
drum p', of the recoil apparatus, and o, is the sliding clutch of the
same. Both these are carried by the shaft r, but as these parts are
old, and parts of an arrangement in common use, it is unnecessary
A stud g, fixed on a part of

page_text: to describe them more particularly. At the contrary or setting-on
side of the loom (see Figures 23, and 24,) s, is the spring handle,
which lies in a recess or detent in a sliding plate t, fixed on the end of
The necks of these bosses
The sliding plate t, has a
the rod f, by means of the bosses t, t.
slide in the slot v', in the bracket v.
projecting part at t², which supports the upright arm of the bell crank
lever a, from the contrary arm of which depends the lever arm of the
break. It will be evident from inspection, that as the catch lever c,
of the taking-up motion is connected by the rod c', with an eccentric
on the tappet shaft, it will make a sweep or vibration at every pick of
the loom; and its boss c, as well as half of the clutch e', being fast on
the shaft b, it will at every alternate vibration act upon the radial arm
e, through the clutch box, and cause it to vibrate also. The length of
this vibration may be regulated by the interval left between the parts
of the clutch-box. In case of the absence of weft, the fork, not being
raised, will be drawn back by the radial arm in the usual manner, and,
along with it the standard d, which carries it; but the latter being.
connected with the lever g, by the link g³, will cause it to withdraw its.
tooth from its hold of the boss f³, so that the rod f, being now at
liberty, will be forced by the pressure of the spring handle to move
lengthways towards the taking-up side of the loom, so far as the length
of the slot v, will permit. The pin f³, on the boss f³, will at the same
time carry along with it the upper extremity of the bar m, which moving
radially on its fulcrum, will also, by the action of the pin m², traverse
the clutch of the recoil motion. The sliding plate t, also accompanying
the rod f, in its motion, will withdraw the support of its arm 13,
from the upright arm of the bell cránk lever a, and thus allow the
weight to put on the brake. When the spring handle is drawn back
to set on the loom, it reverses the motion of the sliding plate t, and,
rod f, and the inclined surface on one side of the boss f', forces back
the catch of the lever g', until the boss f', has past it, when the catch
recoils and retains the rod in its original position. When the loom is
stopped by hand, the spring handle requires simply to be disengaged
from the notch or detent in the sliding plate t. In this arrangement
we have removed the weft fork from the setting-on to the taking-up.

page_text: side of the loom. It has hitherto been usual to place it on the former,
but it is liable in that situation to be interfered with, and frequently
broken by the weaver in removing and replacing the shuttles.
The said Invention relates, seventhly, to the self-acting mechanism
employed to stop the loom in certain emergencies, namely, when the
shuttle fails to complete its transit through the shed in due time, and
when the weft in the shuttle is exhausted or broken. This part of our
Invention consists, firstly, in an improvement upon a method of
stopping power looms, described in the Specification enrolled in pur-
suance of the provisions contained in certain Letters Patent, dated the
Twelfth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, and
granted to John Ramsbottom and Richard Holt for "Certain Improve-
ments in the Construction of Power Looms for Weaving Cotton and
other Fibrous Materials into Cloth and other Fabrics;" and, secondly,
in the employment in combination with the same of a break to be
applied by the motion of the fly wheel, or by an independent force,
such as a weight or spring alternatively, according to the nature of the
emergency requiring its application. In the arrangement described as
above mentioned by Ramsbottom and Holt, the stop rod, when not
duly acted on by the shuttle, causes a catch or notch in a sliding bar
to become engaged with a notch pin or projection on the fly wheel,
which is thereby stopped. This relieves the cranks from a great portion
of the strain before thrown upon them by the momentum of the fly
wheel and other moving parts, and causes the shock to be borne by a
different part of the machine, but it fails to mitigate the violence of the
concussion. One part of our present Invention therefore consists in
supplying this defect, and imparting elasticity to the apparatus by the
interposition, between the bar and its supports or attachments, of a
spring, for the purpose of abating the concussion and vibration neces-
sarily ensuing when such attachment or connexion is of a rigid and
unyielding nature; and, secondly, in combining such improved
apparatus with the break before mentioned. The manner in which we
carry into effect this improvement we will exemplify by describing a
modification of our combined apparatus adapted to an ordinary power
loom, as represented in Figures 27, 28, 29, and 30, on the second

page_text: Sheet of Drawings. Figure 27, is an elevation of the side of so much
of a loom as is necessary for our explanation; 28, is a back view of
the apparatus; and 29, and 30, are respectively a front elevation and
plan view of the breast beam end, or head of the loom. The latter
part is of the same construction as that portion of our last or sixthly
described improvement, represented in Figures 29, and 24, on the first
Sheet of Drawings. It will therefore not need explaining further in
this place than is necessary to shew the manner of its connection with
the present part of our subject. a, is the crank shaft;
and a¹, the fly
wheel keyed upon it. The latter has a notch in its rim, near the part
of it marked a', which in the course of the revolution of the wheel will
arrive at the position shewn in the Drawing when the crank is at or
near its top centre. b, b, are steps or sockets which support the
upright rod c, which has its ends turned to fit the steps, and has liberty
to slide up or down for a short space. At the lower extremity of tho
rod c, is a screw nut and washer, which confine a strong spring between
themselves and the under side of the lower step. This spring is shewn
in the Drawing as composed of alternate washers or discs of india-
rubber and iron, but may be of steel, and of any suitable form. A stud
, on the bar c, carries the lever d, whose upper extremity is formed
into a hook or catch, and is presented towards and near to the rim of
the fly wheel, but is restrained from touching it by the action of a spring
e, attached firmly to a flanch, projecting sideways from the back part of
the lever, and resting against a stop e', fixed on the framing of tho
loom. A rod g, connects the spring e, with the sliding frog h. h', is
an arm extending from the frog to the spring handle for the purpose
of throwing the latter out of its detent. ', is a stud fixed in the
loom side to serve as the fulcrum of the break lever k, one extremity
of which rests on a pin on the bar c, or lever d. The break lever has
a short arm on the other side of its fulcrum, which is overlapped by
part of a second lever 1, which has also for its fulcrum the stud k¹, on
which it rests alongside the first lever k. The second lever 7, has its
other extremity suspended by a wire , from the bell crank lever x,
formerly described, in connection with Figures 28, and 24, on the first
Sheet of Drawings. It also carries an adjustable weight for the purpose

page_text: of regulating the degree of pressure which it is desired that it should
exert. 8, is the spring handle, and s, the strap guide. The action
of the apparatus is as follows:-When the sley beats up without the
stop rod finger being raised, the latter comes in contact with the frog h,
and causes it to slide towards the front of the loom, disengaging the
spring handle by means of the arm h. The frog h, in moving, exerts
a pressure on the spring e, through the rod g; the spring e, hereupon
causes the lever d, to be thrown forward, and its hooked extremity to
become engaged with the notch in the fly wheel. The force of the fly
wheel is now exerted to raise the rod or bar c, but is resisted by the
spring c', which absorbs the momentum of the fly wheel, and arrests its
progress without shock or concussion. In this it is assisted by the
action of the break, which is raised by the upward motion of the rod
into close contact with the fly wheel. It will be seen, on inspection of
the Figure, that the break k, can be applied either by the motion of the
rod c, or by the pressure on its shorter arm of the weighted lever 1,
cach independently of the other. When it is necessary, therefore, to
stop the loom gradually on the failure of weft, the weft motion acting
through the apparatus herein-before described, causes the bell crank
lover a, to cease to support the lever 1, which, thereupon, acting on the
shorter arm, of the break lever, applies the latter to the fly wheel
with a degree of force proportioned to the magnitude of the weight 1,
and to its distance from the fulcrum of the lever 1. We further modify
this part of our Invention into another form by employing two fly
wheels, one on each shaft, by placing the bar on the extremity of a
break applied to one of them, and by causing its hook or catch to
become engaged with a projection from or notch in the other wheel.
By this means we arrest the motion of the loom by locking together
the two shafts, the strain and concussion being mitigated by an elastic
lining of india rubber or leather in the break. Figures 31. and 32, on
the second Sheet of Drawings, illustrate this modification. Figure 31.
is a side view of the apparatus detached from the loom, and viewed
from the inner side. Figure 32, is an edge view of the same from the
front. a, is the crank shaft, and b, the tappet shaft of the loom. On
these are keyed their respective fly wheels a', '. The latter has an

page_text: enlargement in one part of its rim which forms a foundation for the
pin 6, projecting from it sideways. c, is a break lever, having its
boss or fulcrum c, on a stud in the framing, and through the lower
extremity of which passes a bolt or stud d, on a square part of which
is placed, on one side of the break, the catch lever e, and on the other
side the upright arm f, firmly secured by set screws, or other suitable
means, so that two pieces e, and f, form a right angled or bell crank
lever whose fulcrum is the stud d, which connects them, and about
whose centre they are moveable radially. The fulcrum c¹, of the break
is so placed that a perpendicular let-fall from it will fall further from the
wheel than the centre of gravity of the break lever, so that the latter
has a tendency to throw itself clear of the wheel, but is retained
within the nearest practicable distance thereto by a pin c², fixed in the
loom side. k, is a spring bolted to a flanch of the upright arm f, and
connected with the sliding frog 1, by the rod m. r, is a bracket pro-
jecting from the framing to form a rest for the catch lever c.
the sliding frog 7, is set in motion by the tongue or finger of the stop
rod, it acts through the medium of the spring k, and rod m, on the
hooked catch e, which it raises into such a position as to cause its hook
to be taken hold of by the pin 6', on the wheel 6. The motion of the
latter immediately draws the break c, into close contact with the fly
wheel a', on the crank shaft, and applies it thereto with a degree of
pressure measured by the motive force of the crank shaft itself until
the stoppage of both shafts is effected. It is worthy of remark, both
as respects the present and the previously described arrangement, that
the force exerted upon the shafts in these methods of arresting their
motion, acts in a direction to press them against the solid part of their
hearings, and not against their caps nor the bolts or other fastenings
which retain them in their places, so that there is no tendency to cause
the shafts to work loose in their bearings.
When
This Invention relates, in the eighth place, to power looms, and
comprises improvements in the form and mode of application of the
vibrating back rest, commonly called a vibrator, the use of which is
to diminish the oscillations of the yarn beam and its weighted levers.
In looms with stationary back rests the weights on the yarn beam

page_text: levers are raised and suffered to fall again with every opening of
the shed, so that they are constantly being jerked up and down,
inflicting at every jerk an injurious strain on the warp, the ends
in which are more frequently broken from this cause tl:an from all
others put together. Hence, the vibrator is a useful improvement,
but its use has hitherto been much circumscribed by certain defects
in its construction, to wit, the absence of any means of varying the
lengths of its arcs of vibration, so as to adapt them to the depth of
the shed, and the large amount of friction between the tension rod
or vibrating bar employed, and the yarn in contact with it. We
shall explain our improvements herein with reference to the profile view
of one side of the apparatus, shewn at Figure 33, on the second Sheet
of Drawings. a, is a bracket, one of which is bolted to each side of
the loom, and which affords support to the bearings in which the axis
of the yarn beam works, and also to those of the upright levers b.
These last carry between their upper extremities a convex bar bolted
to them at c, and forming the rest over which the warp passes from
the beam towards the healds, in the direction indicated by the red
lines. The anterior faces of these upright arms or levers rest against
friction rollers c, carried by adjustable studs in the vertical arms of
bell crank levers f, which have their horizontal arms f, projecting
over the crank shaft, and are pivoted on studs in the loom sides at f².
Under each of the horizontal arms f', is fixed on the crank shaft a
cam g, which lifts the arm above it once in each revolution of the
shaft, namely, at the time when the sley is beating up the weft. It is
evident that in doing so it will cause the friction roller e, to press back
the upright lever b, so that the back rest will move backwards in a
short arc of a circle whose centre is the pivot a', of the upright arm b,
and by this means the slack in the warp consequent on the closing
of the shed will be taken up; but when the shed begins to re-open,
the cam, having moved forward, the back rest will again advance,
and slacken the warp threads. In looms for weaving heavy cloth, in
which considerable force is required to beat up the weft, we employ, in
combination with the above, the friction break n, for the purpose of
holding the yarn beam firm, whilst the weft is being put in. m, is a

page_text: rim cast on the flanch of the yarn beam, and turned truly cylindrical;
n, is a brake bearing upon the rim m, and pivoted on a stud, in the
framing at z. Its weighted arm n², is connected with the horizontal
arm of the bell crank lever f, by the rod o, which has a swivel for
accurately adjusting its length. The weight p, is only for the purpose
of withdrawing the break when not applied by the lever arm f'. It is
easily seen, that as the lever arm f¹, is raised by the cam 9, at every
beat up of the sley, the break n, will at the same time be applied with
considerable force to the rim on the beam flange, and by its adhesion
thereto prevent the yarn beam from yielding. It will also be seen,
that from the levers which carry the back rest having their centres
near to the part of the warp roll where the yarn leaves it, the vibrations
of the back rest and those of the yarn will be made so nearly in arcs of
the same circle, that the friction between them will be reduced to an
insignificant amount. The mode of varying the lengths of the arcs of
vibri tion by raising or lowering the stud carrying the bowl in the
slot of the upright arm of the bell crank lever f, is too obvious to need
explaining.
The said Invention relates, ninthly, to the mechanism by which the
cloth is taken up in power looms, comprising a modification of the
common taking-up motion, wherein the detaining catch is dispensed
with, and the driving catches are enabled to act upon the ratchet
wheel, both during the backward and forward stroke of the lever which
carries the catches. This improvement consists in the employment of
a catch lever of the form represented at c, in Figure 22, on the first
Sheet of Drawings. c, and c³, are two dogs or catches, which are
pivoted on adjustable studs on contrary sides of the fulcrum b, of the
catch lever. The parts of the catch lever which carry these dogs or
catches consist of portions of circles struck from the point in the pitch
line of the ratchet wheel, at which the catches are intended to act with
the length of each catch respectively as a radius. It will be seen that
while one of these catches is advancing the other will always be retiring,
and vice versa; and that as one of them is always impelling the ratchet
wheel, there is no necessity for the employment of a detaining catch.
The said Invention relates, tenthly, and lastly, to an apparatus or
combination of mechanism to be attached to power looms, for the pur-

page_text: pose of regulating the letting off of the yarn from the warp beam by
the degree of tension or strain exerted on the warp by the loom in the
act of shedding. The force or pressure thus exerted we employ either
to withdraw the pressure of a friction break bearing on a circular rim
or flanch fixed on the same axis with the yarn beam, or to release the
teeth of a ratchet wheel connected by suitable toothed gear with the
yarn beam, so as thereby to allow the latter to rotate at short intervals,
and thereby give off the supply of yarn, as required. An example of
the mode of carrying this into effect is given in Figures 25, and 26, on
the first Sheet of Drawings, which are side views of the apparatus
employed for this purpose. In Figure 25, a shews the back part of
the framing of the loom to which the apparatus is attached; b, is the
yarn beam; b, its flanch, to which is is affixed concentrically the
toothed circle 6; c, is a shaft extending from side to side of the loom,
and carrying at each end an arm d, to the upper extremity of which is
bolted the flanch of the back rest d'. On the shaft c, is also placed
the pinion c¹, gearing with the toothed circle 63, and also two other
arms &, one at cach side of the loom, each of them carrying an
adjustable slide, from which depends a strong wire &³, kept down by a
strong spring or weight. In the armi d, there is a pin e', which works
through a slot in the upper part of the break e. The last has its ful-
crum ate, and is drawn into close contact with a pulley or break wheel
c, fixed on the extremity of the shaft c, by the force of the spring or
weight on the rod d³, acting through the medium of the arms or levers
d, and . This weight or spring is to be adjusted so as to give to the
twist the requisite degree of tension in the same manner as the weights
of the yarn beam levers. f, is a small bracket or stop to limit the
downward range of the lever d. The apparatus acts as follows:-So
long as the strain exerted on the warp does not exceed the limit im-
posed by the weight or spring attached to the wire d, the lever d, is
sustained in its most elevated position, keeping the friction break closely
applied to the pulley, and thereby locking fast the yarn beam. But
when the draught of the shed and the gradual taking up of the warp
in weaving causes the latter to be deficient in supply, the tension
counterpoised by the weight or spring on d, is exceeded, the arm d, is
depressed, and the break e, withdrawn from the break wheel c², leaving

page_text: the warp beam free to give off a supply of yarn, which done the strain
upon the back rest is relieved, and the break e, resumes its action.
Where the loom to which the apparatus is to be applied is for weaving
very heavy fabrics, we prefer the modification represented in Figure
26, in which the ratchet wheel m, and double click n, are substituted
for the break e, and break wheel. The double click n, is in the
form of a three armed lever pivoted at n'. Two of its arms form the
clicks which take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel m, in such a
manner that, before one of them is clear, the other is in a position to
become again engaged as soon as the wheel has moved one tooth. The
third arm of the lever n, carries on the flanch p³, the spring p', which
acts against the pin p, in the lever d. When this lever is depressed,
the pin p, forces down the third arm of the lever n, and thereby releases
the upper click, and engages the lower. The arm of the lever n, being
thus depressed, is brought within the reach of a small wiper on the
cama, which is keyed on the crank shaft immediately under it. This
wiper coming in contact with the arm of the lever n, restores the clicks
to their first position, which is however again reversed by the spring p',
as soon as it is freed from the action of the wiper; and this process will
go on until warp enough has been unwound to permit the counter-
weight or spring upon d, to raise the arm d, to its original position.
The remaining part of this apparatus is precisely similar to that in
Figure 26, the shaft c, being connected with the yarn beam in the same
manner.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature of the Invention
for which the herein-before recited Letters Patent have been to us
granted, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and
carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise details or special forms or arrangements herein
described, so long as the peculiar features or essential parts of the
Invention, or any of them, are retained. Neither do we claim as parts
of the said Invention, any of the ordinary or well-known parts of
machinery, apparatus, or implements for weaving, which are herein
described in connection with and in illustration merely of the improve-
ments which constitute such Invention. In order, therefore, that the
precise nature and extent of the said Invention may be better defined

page_text: and understood, we hereby further declare that what we do claim as
new, and parts of this Invention, are as follows:-Firstly, we claim
the use of caoutchouc or india-rubber as a material for the springs by
which the attachment of temples to the framing of the loom is rendered
yielding or elastic, and the mode of constructing such springs herein
pointed out. Secondly, we claim the mode herein described of mount-
ing temples, so that in the event of the stop rod finger slipping over
the frog, the temple may be liberated and allowed to recede. Thirdly,
we claim the application to rotary temples of that kind which take
hold of the cloth by means of pins projecting from the edges of
horizontal dises or wheels of the apparatus or mounting herein-before
described, combining a transverse bar for supporting the cloth with
springs, by which its attachment to the framing is rendered elastic.
Fourthly, we claim the mode herein described of supporting the heads
of the temples last mentioned, by springs abutting on the brackets or
framing. Fifthly, we claim the use of galvanised iron and gutta percha
as materials for the construction of temples to be used with wet weft
as herein-before explained. Sixthly, we claim the improved con-
figuration and construction of the weft fork, as herein explained, and
consisting in the combination of the three improvements, but we do
not claim any of such improvements separately. Seventhly, so far as
this Invention relates to improvements in shuttles, we do not claim the
use of the hook or cutter used to divide the weft, but we claim the
peculiar form of the apparatus described, and its combination with the
transverse plate for retaining the cop on the spindle. Eighthly, we
claim the modes herein described of registering on a dial the length of
the cloth woven in the loom. Ninthly, we claim the mode pointed out
of causing the weight or spring which applies the break, to effect the
traverse of the rod which actuates the recoiling apparatus. Tenthly,
we claim the specific combination and arrangement of the mechanical
parts belonging to the weft motion, the break, the taking-up motion,
and the recoil apparatus, herein described. Eleventhly, we claim the
mode pointed out of imparting elasticity to Ramsbottom and Holt's
stopping motion by the application of a spring or springs to the sliding
bar. Twelfthly, we claim the combination with the last-mentioned
improved apparatus of a break to be applied by the motion of the

page_text: sliding bar to the fly wheel, as herein explained. Thirteenthly, we
claim the mode herein described of applying a break to a fly wheel
on one of the shafts of the loom by means of a hook, catch, or link
thrown into gear with a projection from or notch in a wheel on the
other shaft. Fourteenthly, we claim the mode herein pointed out of
reducing the friction between the bearing bar of the vibrator and the
yarn in contact with it. Fifteenthly, we claim the mode herein
described of regulating the are of vibration of the vibrator, so as to
adapt it to the depth of the shed. Sixteenthly, we claim the appli-
cation of a friction break to the yarn beam, as described in connection
with the vibrator, for the purpose of locking the yarm beam during the
beat up. Seventeenthly, we claim the peculiar form of driving catch
herein describel, to be applied to drive the ratchet wheel of the taking-
up motion. And, eighteenthly and lastly, we claim the modes herein
described of regulating the letting off of the yarn from the warp beam,
by means of the tension or strain exerted by the loom upon the yarn or
warp in the act of shedding.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tayler, on behalf of myself
and the aforesaid James Slater, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
5
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named John Tayler in the
presence of
WILLIAM SLATER,
Knoll Terrace,
Higher Broughton,
near Manchester.
JOHN TAYLER. (L.S.)