NUT FORGING MACHINE
Year: 1884

page_text: I, OLIVER IMRAY of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for NUT FORGING MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
=
This Invention relates to a machine for forging blanks for screw nuts, that is to
say, cutting off a piece of metal from the end of a hot bar, forcing this piece into
a die where it is compressed and moulded to shape and has a central hole punched
through it, and extruding it from the die in a form ready to have a screw thread
cut in it. The machine is applicable for forging either square or hexagonal nuts,
but as nuts of the latter form are much used and as this machine gives special
facilities for forging these without waste of metal, I will describe the machine as
adapted for forging hexagonal nuts. Near one end of the base of the machine is
mounted in bearings a strong transverse main shaft having on it cams which give
all the reciprocating movements to certain slides that move horizontally in guides
to and fro in the direction of the length of the machine. The shaft has fitted
loosely on it a large toothed wheel which is driven by a pinion on a counter-shaft
worked from any convenient motor. The boss of the large toothed wheel is
connected by two dowel pins to a collar fixed on the shaft, it being intended that
in case of undue strain these dowel pins shall give way, rather than that there
should be fracture of parts of the machine that could not so readily be replaced.
A pair of cams on the shaft move the die slide that is to say a slide which has
fixed in its front the hexagonal die box so placed in it that two of the parallel
sides of the hexagon stand vertical. Within the die slide is fitted another slide
which carries in its front a hexagonal compressing punch that enters the back of
the die box. This slide is not moved by a separate cam but has certain freedom
to move within the die slide, being pushed forward by it after the die slide has
made part of its stroke, and being drawn back with it until it meets a stop fixed
in the base below. Through a central hole in the compressing punch passes a
round punch which may be distinguished as the long round punch" carried by a
third slide that is worked independently by a cam on the main shaft. Another
cam with two protuberances on the main shaft works at the side of the machine a
sliding bar which by means of a lever gives motion to another round punch which
may be called "the short round punch," that passes through a central hole of a
stationary hexagonal punch, which may be distinguished as the cutting punch."
Between this cutting punch and the die box is a space or gap into which, as will
"

page_text: be presently described, is introduced the bar to be operated on. The cutting
punch, though generally stationary, is fixed on a slide capable of-moving, and
kept up to its position by an adjusting screw passing through the middle of a
crosshead. From the ends of this crosshead two strong tie bolts extend the whole
length of the machine to a strong spring carried by a bar that butts against the
bearings of the main shaft. The whole working strain is conveyed through these
tie bolts and spring to the abutment against the bearings, and this strain can be
made greater or less by more or less straining the spring by means of the adjusting
screw against which the cutting punch abuts. Thus the forging pressure can be
adjusted as required, and, in order to provide against fracture of the more
important parts of the machine, a piece that can break is introduced at the
abutment of the adjusting screw. On the face of the die box there are fixed two
stops or gauges for determining the position of the bar that is operated on, this bar
being supported on a rest at the side of the machine and being pushed forward and
upward so that its end bears against one of these gauges and its side bears against
the other. In this position, it covers part of the mouth of the die box, that is to
say, the face of the bar presented to the die box having a width equal to the side
of the hexagon; it lies across the die box from side to side leaving a triangular
space of the hexagon open above and below it. The die box advances pushing
the bar against the stationary cutting punch by which a rectangular piece
involving no waste in the cutting is severed from the end of the bar and pushed
into the die box. The compressing punch now advances and also the long round
punch, and the short round punch, and by the combined action of these, a hole is
made through the piece of metal which is swollen sideways and compressed
endways so as to take the shape of the die. The movements of the two round
punches are so timed that the short punch after its first advance, retreats followed
up by a farther advance of the long punch, which thus forces a small core or wad
of the metal displaced from the centre of the blank into the hole of the stationary
cutting punch. The die box now retreats with the long round punch and the
compressing punch, but the latter is stopped while the die box and round punch
continue to retreat. Thus the punched and forged blank is stripped off the long
round punch and extruded from the retreating die box, and falls through the gap
of the framing. The short round punch makes a second advance and retreat, the
advance extruding the small core or wad of punched out metal from the cutting
punch. The advance of the die box slide and of the slide of the long round
punch is effected as stated above by cams on the shaft, these being made to give
the advance by two successive steps suitably timed. The retreat of these two
slides is effected by a bell crank lever acted on by one of these cams after
performing part of a revolution from the point where it gave the advance to the
long round punch. The slide of the short round punch is advanced as above
stated twice in each revolution of the shaft by a lever moved by a push bar worked
by two cam protuberances on the main shaft, and the retreat of this slide is
effected by springs.
Although the machine has been described as being employed for the forging of
hexagonal nuts, it is obvious that by changing the shapes and dimensions of the
die box and punches, nuts of other forms, washers and such like articles could be
forged in a similar manner. Also articles without holes through them, such as keys,
dogs, clips, cotters, wedges, gibs and the like could be forged, the round punches
being in such cases dispensed with.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.

page_text: I, OLIVER IMRAY, of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "NUT FORGING MACHINE" and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:―
My Invention relates to machinery for forging blanks for screw nuts, that is to
say, cutting off a piece of metal from the end of a hot bar, forcing this piece into a
die where it is compressed and moulded to shape and has a central hole punohed
through it, and extruding it from the die in a form ready to have a screw thread
cut in it and to be completed as a nut. The machinery about to be described is
applicable for forging nuts square, hexagonal, or of other polygonal forms, or it
might be used for round, square or polygonal washers, or such like articles having
holes through them. Also by suppressing the punches which pierce the central
hole, articles having no holes through them could be forged, the dies being shaped
to suit these articles such as keys, dogs, clips, cotters, wedges, gibs and the like.
As nuts, particularly those of hexagonal form are very largely used, and as the
machinery about to be described gives special facilities for forging these, I will
describe the machinery as adapted for forging hexagonal nuts, referring to the
accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 8 is a plan,
Fig. 4 is a transverse section on X X and Figs. 5 and 6 are transverse sections
respectively on Y Y and Z Z, and Fig. 7 is a section of the main shaft, shewing two
of the cams thereon.
A shaft a driven from any suitable motor, has on it a pinion as which gears
with the toothed wheel b'. This wheel is not keyed on the main shaft b of the
machine, but drives it by means of two pins 6 6 which enter the boss of the
wheel b and also enter a collar b³ fixed on the shaft b. In case of the machine
being subjected to excessive strain, the pins 6 b will give way, saving more
important parts of the machine from fracture.
The main shaft b has fixed on it three sets of cams, namely, a pair 6* 66 which are
alike and which act together to move towards the left a slide e, a central cam 65
which moves towards the left a second slide c¹ fitted centrally in the slide o and a
cam 67 having two protuberances 68 68 which, twice in every revolution of the shaft
move to the left a sliding bar f. A bell crank lever X pivotted on the framing has
one of its arms x entering notches in the slides c c¹ and its other arm x¹ projecting
so that the cam 65, after it has passed the nose of the slide c¹ acts on this arm
causing both the slides c and c¹ to be drawn back to the right. The sliding bar f
is drawn back by springs f¹ƒ' and is connected to one arm of a lever h, the other
arm of which enters a notch in a sliding bolt, 9. This bolt is fitted to slide witbin
a head g which is itself free to slide a little backwards on the framing, but is
pressed forwards towards the right by a screw p butting against it, preferably with
a piece p¹ interposed which will break in case of excessive strain. This screw p
passes through a nut in a crosshead r which is connected by two tie bolts as to the
ends of a spring u bearing in its middle against a bar w that extends accross, the
framing and lodges against the two bearings of the main shaft. The slide c
terminates in a head e in which is fitted the die-box having fixed in front of it two
adjustable stop gauges e³. The slide c¹ carries the long round punch Ɩ which

page_text: passes through a central hole in the compressing punch m². This punch enters the
back of the die box and is carried on a slide c, which is fitted in the slide c to the
left of the slide c¹. On the head g is fixed the cutting punch m² through the centre
of which passes the short round punch, this punch being. attached to the sliding
bolt g, and being drawn to the left by a lever and spring 1. The heated bar z to
be operated on is supported on a rest y in such a position that its end bears against
the gauge while its upper side bears against the gauge e³. The face of the bar
thus placed extends across the die-box, the width of that face being such that it
exactly covers the two vertical sides of the hexagon leaving a triangular space of
the hexagon open above and below it. By the action of the cams 66 the slide c
carrying the die-box is pushed to the left, and is immediately followed by the
slide which carries the round punch l, this slide being advanced by the action of
the cam 6. Both these cams 656 are preferably made as shewn in Fig. 7 to give
the advance of their respective slides by two steps. By the advance of the die
box, pushing the bar z against the cutting punch m² a rectangular piece is cut
from the end of the bar and lodged in the die box, and this piece is penetrated
by the advance of the punches and , this penetration by displacing metal from
the centre of the piece having the effect of swelling it out so as nearly to fill the
die box. Also, when the slide c has advanced a certain distance, shoulders o⁹ on
this slide come to bear against the slide c³ and this by the farther advance of c
is itself advanced so that the compressing punch m³ accompanies the die box in
the latter part of its movement to the left, and the piece of metal in the die box
is thus compressed between the cutting punch m' and the compressing punch m¹,
while at the same time it is penetrated by the two round punches and land
is thus moulded to the hexagonal shape of the die box. The short round punch (
however presently retreats, while the long round punch 7 continues to advance,
pushing a small core or wad of metal into the hole of the cutting punch m². Thus
the piece of metal is completely shaped to the form of the die box, punched
through the middle, and consolidated by compression within the die-box. The
whole strain of the compression is conveyed through the bolt p, the crosshead r,
the tie bolts 88 to the spring u and thence to the bar w and the bearings of the
shaft b so that there is no breaking strain imposed on the base framing. By
screwing more or less forward the screw p the spring u is more or less strained and
thus the elastic resistance to the compressing action is regulated as desired. After
the piece of metal has been thus punched, compressed and moulded to shape, the
die-box retreats and with it for a certain distance also retreats the compressing
punch m¹ but presently the slide 2 which carries this punch comes against a stop
bolted to the framing and thus the compressing punch m¹ is prevented from
retreating farther, but as the die box and the round punch / continue to retreat, the
nut blank that has been forged is extruded from the die box and drops down into
the space in the base of the machine. The short round punch 12 is, by the action
of the second cam protuberance 68 caused to make a second advance to the right,
extruding from the whole of the cutting punch m³ the small core or wad of metal;
and this being done, the punch & retreats and all the parts are in condition for a
fresh operation.
For the cams 65 66 and the bell crank lever X might be substituted eccentrics
linked respectively to the slides c¹c but cams are preferred as they facilitate
suitable timing of the several movements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The construction and arrangement of nut forging machine, substantially as
herein described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
2. The combination of the duplicate cams 6º 60, the central cam 65 and the cam 67
with double protuberance 68 68 with the slides c c¹ c³, the spring sliding bar f the
lever hand sliding bolt g* and the die box; the compressing punch m' and the
round punches 1 and 1, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

page_text: 3. The combination of the cutting punch m¹ and its slide g with the screw p,
crosshead r, tie bolts 8 8, spring u and bar w for taking adjustable elastic strain,
substantially as herein described.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.