System of Electric Telegraphy and Central Station Connections, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 8th Feb., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
System of Electric Telegraphy and Central Station Connections, and
Apparatus therefor.
I, GEORGE CROYDON MARKS, of 18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Engineer (a communication from abroad by Wm. H. Cooley, of 8 High Street,
Brockport, Monroe Co., N.Y., Engineer,) do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to and has for its object to provide a direct type printing
telegraph, adapted either to automatic or to key transmission, without change, and
to dispense, except in cases of synchronous multiplexing of the work, with all
synchronous or step by step movements and sunflower distributors and revolving
parts, and also the movement of heavy parts in the receiving printer, such as the
carriage or key board or similar heavy parts in type-printing telegraphs, when
operated by shifting keys or their equivalents, and that too while still employing
the equivalent of shift keys in a typewriter so as to reduce to the minimum the
number of type bars and the work of selecting them.
Another object of my invention is the lengthening of the time allowed at the
receiving station for the printing of a character without diminishing the speed of
transmission and receiving.
A further object is to provide an automatic switching device, for a central
station, adapted to use in connection with my automatic receiving current
distributor, and to be operated from a transmitting key.
A still further object is to provide an apparatus for synchronously multiplexing
the work of my system calling for the construction of a special synchronizing
apparatus.
Other objects and features of my invention will be hereinafter explained.
For the sake of perspicuity and brevity, I shall show and describe herein only
such portions of a telegraphic system embodying my improvements as is necessary
to illustrate the same, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in
which,
Figure 1 shows in side view two of my transmitting keys and also my automatic
transmitting apparatus with the circuit connections for the same and also for such
keys indicated in diagram. In the figure also are seen in partial vertical section
niy perforating punches.
Fig. 1 shows an end view of the roller L 3 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows in enlarged face view the contact pieces opposed to my transmitting
keys and indicates the circuit connections for each of such contact pieces, while in
the extreme right in this figure is seen in detached position the contact pieces
opposed to the 7th and 8th keys with the circuit connections therefor more fully
indicated.
Fig. 1 shows in top or plan view my perforating punches and the rods m and m 9
and their connecting plates M, while
Fig. 1 shows a top view of bed piece L2 and the holes therein opposed to the
perforating punches.
Figs. 2 and 3 show slightly different modifications of my receiving current
distributor and connections, largely in diagram, while
Figs. 4 and 5 show in similar diagrams similar modifications of my selecting
device for directing the current of the local printing battery to the proper type

page_text: Dar actuating devices, and to the proper shifting devices and the connections
therefor.
Fig. 6 shows in side view one of my branch relays used in making such selections
Fig. 7 shows partly in vertical section my automatic switch lever or bar
controlling device with some parts thereof removed for the sake of perspicuity,
while Fig. 8 shows a partial plan view of the same and
Fig. 9 shows in diagram the circuit connections used in and with my switching
device, showing sixteen subscribers circuits in an enlarged view from that seen
in Fig. 18.
Fig. 10 shows in elevation one of my printing or type bars with its connections
and the means for operating the same.
Fig. 11 shows in partial top view the inking pad and
Fig. 12 shows in partial outline plan view the type bars to my printer illustrating
their arrangement.
Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 show details in the construction and circuit con-
nections of my synchronizing apparatus for multiplexing my system, as will be
explained.
Fig. 18 shows partly in plan and side view diagram a central station and the
connections therefor when equipped with my switching apparatus.
Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate still further details as will be explained in reference
to each.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several figures.
Referring to Fig. 1, M1, M2 are metallic key bars articulating upon metallic
rod m and having secured upon their free ends spring catches m 7, arranged to
catch and hold, as seen, the trailer springs m5, making contact successively with
the contact pieces m 1, m 2, m 3 and 4, thoroughly insulated from each other, in
the manner indicated, by quite thick strips of insulating material. Of course it
will be understood that each key bar with its trailer spring, has opposed thereto a
separate and different series of contact pieces insulated from the series on either
side of it, except first, in cases where two or more adjacent contact pieces of the
same letter make the same connection with battery M B 1, and second, in case of
that horizontal row of contacts, all of the same letter, used to control the shifting
device, and in this case these contacts may all consist of one strip connected to a
switch making battery connections such as, and in the manner indicated in side view
in the case of any one of contact pieces m 1, m 2, m 3 and m 4 in Fig. 1B showing
the spacer key by which, by the changes hereinafter described being made in the
switches, my automatic switching devices are controlled. Any key, on being
depressed from the position M I, to the position M 2, makes electric connection
between rod m and contact pieces m 1, m 2, m 3 and m 4 successively, and upon
reaching the position M 2, trailer m 5 has, when striking fixed rod m 8, been pushed
to the right and caused to engage spring catch m7 and immediately upon the
release of the key, it is, by means of any suitable spring, as m 10, caused to return
to the position indicated, M 1, whereupon spring catch m 7, being depressed by
fixed rod m 6, it is disengaged from trailer m 5, allowing the same to return to its
normal position ready for the next depression of the key and in contact with the
thick insulating strip indicated at the top of the series of contact pieces.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 1B, I will now describe the circuit connections made with
the contact pieces of my spacer key. Dotted portions of lines 12 and 13, as seen
in Fig. 1, connect opposite sides of battery M B respectively with contact
pieces, 1, 3, m 2 and m 4, while the neutral point of this battery M B is
connected by wire 11 with one end of the primary of the induction coil L having
its secondary in the main line and the other end of its primary connected by
wire 10 with rod m, thereby it will be seen that the depression of the spacer key
sends to line M L four alternating induced currents or impulses from the secondary
of induction coil L.
I will now describe the battery connections made with the contact pieces for one
of the other keys. Wires 14 and 15 are connected to contact pieces m 1 and

page_text: m3 and wires 17 and 18 with contact pieces m 2 and m 4 respectively.
Wires 14 and 15 are connected with battery M B 1 at different points on
one side of the neutral point thereof, while wires 17 and 18 are similarly
connected at different points on the other side of this neutral point, from which, in
turn, wire 16 leads to ground. Thus it will be seen, the depression of that key
opposed to such contact pieces sends to line alternating impulses varying in
strength also from battery M B 1. Each key beside the spacer key has a different
arrangement of battery connections for its contact pieces, such that each key will
send one or more battery impulses, positive or negative, or weak or strong, as
desired. At each end of the rod m is secured a heavy metallic and L shaped
bar M connected at their outer ends by the metallic rod m 9, coming just under
the key bars M1, M2 &c. when each of such key bars is held up and in its
normal position by means of springs m 10, as shown. Each key bar as it is
depressed carries with it the rod m 9, which is kept in a horizontal position by
means of its rigid connection with the heavy bars M, and to this rod m 9 is
secured, in any suitable manner, such one of keys M 1, M 2 &c. as it is desired to
use for the spacer key and having connections made therefor with its contact
pieces, such as already described. Thus it will be seen that the spacer key may be
depressed alone, sending only induced impulses to line alternating in kind, and
that each other key, when depressed, carries with it the spacer key and also
sending to line one or more battery impulses synchronizing and harmonizing with
such induced impulses.
In Fig. 1 there is shown in plan view bars M, rods m and m 9 and also the
E shaped plates or bars t1, t2, 3-t 8 carrying my perforating punches, and also
the similar punch bars 1, 2, 3 and 4.
For a clearer explanation of my transmitting key board and the circuit.
connections therefor, reference is made to Fig. 1B, which shows in the body of the
figure twenty eight vertically arranged series of contact pieces m 1, m2, m 3, m4
arranged, as seen, in four horizontal rows. All those from the 2nd to the 26th
inclusive, in the rows m 1, in 2 and m 3, are some one or more of them connected to
battery M B 1, those in rows m1 and m3 at the left hand side, which we will
call for convenience the positive side, and all those in the row m 2, to the
negative or right hand side, that is, all those marked S are arranged to send a
strong, and all those marked W a weaker current to line from battery M B 1,
while those unmarked and left blank are connected to wire 16 leading to ground.
This is more clearly indicated in the case of the 7th and 8th vertical series
opposed to the 7th and 8th keys shown with their connections in detached
position to the extreme right in this fig. The lower row of contacts m 4, for
keys 2 to 26 inclusive, consists of a single continuous piece, as shown, connected
to a switch S 15 seen in the drawing on its central contact connected through
wire 16 to ground.
The switch S 15, which is essentially a representation in diagram of my shift
key, may be moved to its left or right hand contact so connected, as seen, with
battery M B1 as to send respectively weak or stronger currents or impulses from
battery M B1 to line, and negative in kind. Thus it will be seen that any battery
impulse sent by any key from any contact piece in the first and third rows, m 1
and m 3, will be a positive impulse, and any battery impulse sent by any key
from any contact piece in the second and fourth rows m2 and m 4, will be a
negative impulse.
Very obviously, any desired one of the rows of contact pieces m 1, m2, m 3, m4
for keys 2 to 26 inclusive can be made continuous and connected with switch S 15,
but the lower one is selected for convenience in the drawing.
As already before said, all of the keys carry with them a spacer key, and for
convenience, I prefer to oppose to such spacer key the 28th vertical series of
contact pieces, the first, second third and fourth of which is respectively connected
with switches S 11, S 12, S 13 and S 14, all seen in the drawings on their central
Contacts. All of these central contacts are double, each consisting of two semi-

page_text: circular contacts insulated from each other and having their right hand sections all
connected, as indicated, through wire 16 to ground, while the left hand sections of
these central contacts for switches S 11 and S 13 are connected through wire 12 to
the left hand side of battery M B and the left hand sections of the central contacts
for switches S 12 and S 14 are connected through wire 13 to the right hand side of
battery M B from the neutral point of which wire 11 makes connection as already
described. Hence, the depression of the spacer key opposed to the 28th vertical
series of contact pieces sends to line four alternating induced impulses or currents
in the manner already described, and such spacer key, by means of its connection
with rod m 9, is always depressed by the operation of any other key. Whereby it
will be seen that each key sends to line four alternating induced impulses and
harmonizing and sychronizing therewith one or more battery impulses, strong or
weak as desired and according to the connections of the contact pieces opposed to
each of such keys.
Switches S11, S12, S 13, S 14 may be dispensed with and the spacer key
contacts connected directly with and only with the battery M B, as indicated in
Fig. 1. In this case then, I make use of an additional series of spacer key
contacts, being the first series shown to the extreme left in Fig. 1B, each connected
through wire 16 to ground, as seen; and opposed to this series of contact pieces,
in this case, I locate a key similar to any of the others and disconnected from
rod m 3. This key, it will be seen, sends no battery currents to line, but only
induced currents through its operation of the already described spacer key. This
key, it will be further seen, forms at its successive contacts a ground connection
for the induced impulses sent from the spacer key, traversing rod m and this key
and its contacts and their connections in reaching the ground at the sending
station. A similar ground connection is similarly formed by the unmarked
contact pieces of the other twenty six keys connected through wire 16 to ground,
while, when a battery impulse is sent to line, the ground connection is made through
some part of battery M B 1.
In place of this arrangement, a permanent ground connection may be supplied
through a rheostat T, as seen in Fig. 1, properly adjusted and used in the manner
already well known in the art and located as seen in the drawing and connected
with wire 19 and through wire 16 to ground.
Articulating also upon this rod m, are seen eight shaped bars, loosely nested
within each other so as to be capable of independent motion, and with their central
members or portions opposed to the key bars M 1, M 2 &c. so as to be struck by
such key bars when near the bottom of their course. The central members or
portions of these E shaped bars t1, t2-18 are shown in vertical section and have
projecting downwards from each a perforating punch, as seen, arranged to perforate
the ribbon L1 by passing therethrough and into holes therefor in bed piece L 2
opposed to such perforating punches, and over which ribbon L1 is caused, by
means of any suitable mechanism, not shown, to pass, advancing at each perforation
of a character a longitudinal space or distance covered by the perforations
representing a character. Four of these perforating punches extend straight
downwards while the other four are curved so as to come in the same longitudinal
lines in ribbon L1 with those extending straight downwards. Each of these
bars t1, t2, t 3-to t8 is returned to and held in its normal position by means of a
spring m 10. Each of the key bars M 1, M 2 &c. is differently notched out on the
under side, as indicated, so as to operate on one of the punches, or any one or any
combination of two, three or four at a time, except that no two adjacent ones in
the same line transversely of ribbon L1 shall be operated from the same keys.
These perforations thus produced in ribbon L1 are, as seen, located alternately
upon one side and the other of the longitudinal row of centrally arranged smaller
perforations in ribbon L 1, arranged to engage the carrying pins ton metallic
roller L 3, seen also in end view in Fig. 14, as the same is caused to revolve in any
suitable manner not shown, thus advancing ribbon L 1.
This roller L 3 has projecting from either end thereof, contact pins 9 alternating

page_text: in position and arranged as seen to engage alternating contact springs 10 and ₺ 15
connected respectively by means of wires 12 and 13 with battery M B on opposite
sides thereof. As noticed, these contact springs are arranged to make contacts with
alternating contact pins t 9 synchronously with the contact of needles 11, 12, 13
and 14 through perforations therefor in ribbon L 1, and roller L 3, that is when
such perforations occur. Spring 16 bearing on shaft L 4 of roller L3 is connected
by wires 19 and 10 with the primary of coil L, and also through the secondary thereof
with main line M L. Contact needles 11, 12, 13 and 14 make respectively
by means of wires 14, 15, 17 and 18, such connection with battery M B 1 as already
described in regard to contact pieces m 1, m 2, m 3 and m4 and thereby producing,
as will be readily understood, the same transmitting impulses from battery M B 1
when these contact needles come in contact with roller L 3 through perforations in
ribbon L1. Each transmitted character to consist, of course, of from one to four
of the larger perforations in ribbon L 1, all corresponding in position longitudinally
on ribbon L 1 as seen with the smaller perforations in the central longitudinal row,
while for operating the spacer key none of these larger perforations are used.
A series of four perforating punch bars 1, 2, 3, and 4 as seen is located
within the series of bars t1, t2, t3 &c. except that their end sections form, so far
as they go, four of the separating washers between the bars t1, t2, t 3 &c. where
they articulate on rod m.
3
Each of these bars 1, 2, 3 and 4 is also E shaped and has extending outward
to the left from a point near the center of the central member of each, a per-
forating punch extending downward also and arranged to enter holes therefor in
the extreme right hand edge of bed piece L 2, seen also in top view in Fig. 1. The
punch formed on bar z 2 passes through a vertical slot therefor in bar z 1, and in
the same way the punches formed on bars 3 and 4 pass through vertical slots there-
for in bars 1, 2 and 3 in a manner so as to allow any one of such punches to be
operated singly. The transmitting keys M1, M2 &c. are so notched out on their
under side, with reference to those punch bars, that when no perforation is formed
opposite one of the central smaller perforations in ribbon L 1, then one of these
punches 1, 2, 3 or 4 shall be brought into operation making a perforation
transversely opposite to such central smaller perforation and at the extreme right
hand edge of the ribbon L 1. And, opposed to such perforations, so formed, there
is located the contact needle t 17 connected through wire 16 to ground and per-
forming the same office in the automatic transmission, as will be readily understood,
that the connections made through wire 16 between the unmarked contact pieces m 1.
m2, m 3 and m 4 and the ground, as seen and indicated in Fig. 1. This arrange-
ment, however, may be dispensed with and the rheostat T, or its equivalent, used
in place thereof, in the manner already described.
Springs m 10 are used to return and hold in their normal positions the punch
bars 1, 2, 3 and z 4.
Thus it will be seen that by automatic transmission by perforated ribbon L1
there are sent to line four alternating induced impulses and one or more battery
impulses harmonizing and synchronizing therewith (these battery impulses being
weak or strong as already indicated and described) these induced impulses I use to
operate and make certain that at the time of each battery impulse, whether sent or
not, there shall be sent to line an impulse which shall operate only a relay controlling
my automatic current distributor and also, when desired, another portion of my
receiving apparatus, while the battery impulses of different strength are caused to
operate other parts of my receiving apparatus, as will be explained.
Referring to Figs. 2 and 3 which show my automatic current distributor,
ML represents the main line at the receiving station going to ground, as indicated,
after passing through the coils of relays 1, J, K.
These relays, like several others which I prefer to make use of in my receiving
apparatus, are polarized relays, as indicated, having each two armatures each
trunnioned in a separate permanent magnet. The armatures of each relay, as well
as all parts with which they come in electric contact, are insulated from each other

page_text: in any suitable manner, not shown, but in other respects these relays are of
substantially the usual construction. It will of course be understood that either
armature of each relay can be adjusted to respond to impulses only positive or
negative in kind, and that too, independently of the adjustment of the other
armature on the same relay.
Armatures and 1 of relay I have each a bias tending to return them normally
to the position shown in the drawings.
In my automatic current distributor I make use of similar relays A, B, C-H,
having armatures a, b, c-h and a 1, 61, c 1,- 1 respectively, and having each a
neutral adjustment and working contacts on the left hand sides thereof only, as
shown. The actuating coils of these relays are connected together in the following
manner, viz. in circuit 21 and in series therein, the right hand coil of relay A, left
hand coil of relay C, secondary of induction coil A1, and any suitable receiving
coil A 3; in circuit 22, in the same way, right hand coil of relay B, left hand coil
of relay D, secondary of coil B 1 and any receiving coil B 3; in circuit 23 right
band coil of relay C, left hand coil of relay A, secondary of coil C1 and any
receiving coil C 3, and in circuit 24 right hand coil of relay D, left hand coil of
relay B, secondary of coil D 1 and any receiving coil D 3.
By a further reference to Fig. 3 and the plan of lettering adopted therein, it
will be seen that this system of connections is used with the other relays E, F, G,
.and H.
Referring to Fig. 2 and starting with the several parts in the positions indicated
in the drawings-the first main line impulse, say a positive one, throws armature i
to the left hand contact causing current of battery LB, having its terminals, as
seen, connected with trunnions of armatures i and i 1, to pass through wire 8,
primary of induction coil A 1, armature a 1, wire 1 connected with the trunnion
thereof, and armature i 1, back to battery L B, thus inducing in the secondary of
-coil A. an impulse tending to hold more firmly in their present positions
armatures a, a 1, c, c 1. The immediately succeeding negative impulse on the main
line throws armature i back to its right hand contact and also armature il over to
its right hand contact, shutting off from the primary of coil A1 the current of
battery LB, but causing it in a similar manner to traverse, by means of wires 9 and 2,
the primary coil B 1 through armature 61 and wire 2 connected with the trunnion
thereof. The inverse impulse induced in the secondary of coil A. 1 by the shutting
off from its primary of the current of battery LB causes armatures a and a 1 to
move over to their back contacts on the right, and armatures c and c 1 over to the
left on their working contacts, while the impulse induced at the same time in the
secondary of coil B tends to hold more strongly armatures band b 1 on their working
contacts and armatures d and d 1 on their back contacts.
The third, a positive impulse ou the main line, throws armatures i and il over to
their left hand contacts causing current of battery LB to traverse the primary of
coil C1 and shutting it off from the primary of coil B 1, induced in the secondary
thereof impulses causing armatures 6 and 61 to move to their right on their back
contacts, arinatures d and d 1 to strike their working contacts on the left, and also
tending to hold more strongly against their working contacts armatures c and cl
and also to hold more strongly against their back contacts armatures a and a 1.
The fourth, a negative impulse on the main line, throws armatures i and il
against their right hand contacts, shutting off the current of battery L B from the
primary of coil C 1 and causing it to traverse the primary of coil D 1, inducing in
the secondaries thereof, impulses causing armatures a and a 1 and c and c 1 to return
to the positions indicated in the drawings, and tending to hold more firmly against
their left hand or working contacts armatures d and d 1, and also more firmly against
their back contacts armatures band 61. Upon the cessation of this fourth impulse,
whether immediately succeeded by another (positive) one or not, armature i returns
to its normal position indicated in the drawing, shutting off current of battery LB
from the primary of coil D 1 and thus inducing in the secondary thereof an impulse
-causing armatures d and d 1 and 6 and 1 to return to the positions shown in the

page_text: drawings, ready for the next series of four impulses used in transmitting the next.
character.
By referring to Fig. 3 and the system of lettering adopted therein, provision.
is made, it will be seen, in the same way for eight alternating impulses in each.
series, and that in the same way also provision can be made for any desired.
number.
Referring to Fig. 2, armatures j and i have their working contacts to the left.
and armatures and 1 have their working contacts to the right, while the split
battery LB 1 is connected on one side, as seen, with the trunnions of armatures j
and 1 and on the other side with the trunnions of armatures k and j1..
Armatures and j1 are arranged to respond only to positive impulses and
armatures and I only to negative impulses. Armatures jaud k are adjusted to-
respond to feeble battery impulses on the main line and armatures j 1 and k 1 to.
respond to the stronger battery impulses.
Neither of the armatures,1, k or k 1 should respond to the induced impulses.
sent to line in the manner described to operate relay 1. Whereby, connections
being made such as indicated by lines 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, it will be seen that during
the time of each one of the four transmitted impulses, viz. first, second, third and
fourth, either one singly or both together or either one respectively of the pairs of
coils A2, B2, C2 and D2 may be placed in circuit with the battery L B 1.
Referring to Fig. 3, in this case armatures j and k are arranged to respond to.
the feeble, and armatures j1 and 1 only to the stronger battery impulses on the
main line. Armatures 1 and 1 have working contacts on both sides of each, each
armature resting normally against a contact connected with the split battery L B1
at points between the center and the extreme positive and negative sides thereof, to
which respectively the left and right hand contacts of armatures j1 and k 1 are-
connected as seen.
Whereby it will be readily understood, that, connections being
made by means of wires 4, 5 and 7, during the time of the eighth transmittert
impulses, in each series, in this case, taken in their regular order, the coils A 2, B2,
C2-H 2 may be caused to be traversed or not, as desired, by either feeble or
strong currents from battery LB1, each one of such coils receiving, if at all, its
impulse only when the corresponding main line impulse is sent, and that no matter
how often repeated the series of impulses may be, for which provision is made,
corresponding impulses in each series will cause only corresponding coils to be.
energized, and such coils to be energized only when desired.
By making connections such as indicated by dotted lines 10 and 11 and by omitting
relays J and K and the portion of the main line M L contained between points.
and a 1, then it will be seen that the main line impulses will be caused to traverse.
directly coils A 2, B2, C 2-H 2 instead of causing such coils to be traversed by
relayed impulses or currents.
It will also be readily seen that by omitting relays B, D, F and H and their
corresponding connections and substituting a neutral relay in place of relay I and
also a neutral relay in place of relay J, if used at all, and omitting also relay K,.
then, every first, second third and fourth main line impulse either directly or a local
impulse relayed therefrom, will traverse respectively coils A 2, C2, E2, G2,
irrespective of the direction of such main line impulses, whether positive or
negative.
Referring to Fig. 5, there are seen to the left armatures a, b, c-h, wires 4, 5
and 7 and also relays A 2, B 2, C2-H 2 any one, two or more, or no one of which
may be caused to be energized by feeble or strong battery impulses either from the
main line or relayed and from a local battery in the manner shown in Fig. 3 and
already described.
These relays A 2, B2, C2-H2 are similar to relays J, K of Fig. 3 and have
their armatures similarly adjusted and connected by a wire connecting their trunnions,
as indicated, but instead of using this wire the insulation between the armatures can
be dispensed with. In practice this is done, but the wire is shown in the
drawings, for the sake of clearness. Armatures a 2, 62, c2-h2 have their

page_text: working contacts shown above them in the drawings and connected to a wire 29
from battery L B 2.
Armatures a 3, 63, c 3-h 3 have both their contacts working contacts, their upper
contacts connected in each case with the coils of a relay lettered respectively
A 8, B8, C8—H8 respectively, and their lower contacts to the coils of a relay
lettered respectively A 9, B9, C9-H 9 while the other ends of these coils A. 8, A. 9,
18, B 9, C8, C9-H8, H9 are connected as seen with the wire 30 leading to the
other side of battery L B2. Whereby it will be seen that relay A8 will be
energized from battery L B2 when both armatures a 2 and a 3 of relay A 2 are moved
against their upper contacts by a strong battery impulse actuating both of such
armatures, and relay A 9 will be energized only when armature a 2 alone is moved
against its upper contact by a weaker battery impulse insufficient to operate arma-
ture a 3, and that when neither of these armatures a 2 or a 3 is acted upon, then
neither of the relays A 8 or A 9 will be energized.
In the same way either or neither of the relays B8, B 9, C 8, C9-H8, H9 may
be energized at the time of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth
impulse respectively.
U
Wires 31 and 32 are connected, as seen, through a spring contact or switch & 2
with the left hand side of battery L B2. With wire 31 there is connected, as seen
the working contacts of armatures a 12 and a 14 respectively of relays A 8 and A. 9
and also the working contacts of armatures 94, 6, h4 and 6 respectively of
relays G 8, G9, H 8 and H 9. These relays A 8, A 9, G 8, G 9, H 8 and H. 9 are
similar to those already described, but have their armatures adjusted to respond
synchronously to currents of the same strength and direction. One end of the
coils of relay A 8 is connected with the trunnion of armature a 12, while one end of
the coils of relay A 9 is connected with the truunion of armature a 14, while the
other ends of the coils of each of these relays is connected with wire 30, as already
described, whereby it will be seen that relays A 8 and A 9, when once energized,
are permanently retained in the circuit of battery L B 2 by means of their retaining
armatures respectively a 12 and a 14 and their connectious already described. And,
in this same way also, by similar connections as seen, relays G 8, G 9, H8 and H 9,
when energized, may be retained in the circuit of battery L B 2.
Relays B 8, B 9, C8, C9-F8 and F 9 have one end of their coils connected, as
seen, with a wire 40 connecting all the trunnions of such relays, while the wire 32
is connected with the retaining contact re, to each of such relays (but shown in the
drawings only in connection with relays B 9 and omitted from the others to avoid
confusion). Thus it will be seen that when any one of the relays B 8, B 9,
C8, C9 F 8, F9 is energized it also is retained in its energizing circuit of
battery L B2 by means of its retaining contacte and the connections described.
Fig. 6 shows in side view the essential features of one of the last mentioned relays.
They are of substantially the usual construction, as seen, except that a short cross
piece on the end of the armature levers carries four contacts instead of one, each
opposed to a spring contact sc, so that all may be certain of being struck at
each throw of the armature, the retaining contact re serving as a stop to limit
the motion of the armature against the spring contacts sc, while any suitable spring
and stop, not shown, may be used to produce and limit this motion in the opposite
direction. Suitable stops and adjusting devices, not shown, may be used also with
spring contacts sc.
From each of these spring contacts sc connection is made as seen through coils X
with one of the wires 36, 37, 38 or 39. The upper spring contacts of each of these
relays are connected through their coils with wire 39, and the next spring contacts
below through their coils with wire 38, and the next one below that through their
coils with wire 37, and the lower ones through their coils with wire 36.
Wires 36, 37, 38 and 39 are connected respectively with the working contacts of
armatures 9 5, 97, h 5 and h 7, while a wire 41 makes a common connection as seen
with the trunnions of these armatures and is also connected with battery L B 3 on
one side and from the other side of which connection is made with wire 40.

page_text: Whereby it will be seen that any one of the coils X, (forty in number) may be
placed in circuit of battery L B3 by the energizing of that one of the branch
relays B8, B9, C8, C9-F8, F9 with one of whose spring contacts se the
desired coil X has one of its terminal connected, and by the energizing of that
one of relays G 8, G 9, H 8 and H 9 with the wire leading from the working contact
of the right hand armature of which that same coil X is connected at its
other end.
Coils X1 and X 2 have each one of their ends connected with one side of
battery L B 3 and have also their other ends connected with the working contacts
respectively of armatures a 13 and a 15, a common connection with the trunnions
of which is made with the other side of battery L B3 as seen, whereby these
coils X1 and X 2 are caused to be energized by the current of battery L B 3 by
the operation respectively of relays A 8 and A. 9.
Thus it will be seen that for each series of eight alternating impulses sent to
line, either one or neither of the coils X 1, X 2 may be energized and any desired
one of coils X, and that such coils, so energized, may be retained in their
energizing circuit until the same has been broken by the opening of spring
switch 2 in the manner hereinafter explained.
Referring to Fig. 4, in that phase of my receiving apparatus therein shown, only
four alternating impulses are required on the main line to cause to be energized
either one or neither of the coils X 1, X 2 and any desired one of twenty seven
coils X. In this case I make use of connections as follows, viz. wire 29 is
connected with the trunnion of armature a 2 having working contacts on both sides
thereof, its upper contact connected with the trunuion of armature a 3 and its lower
contact connected with the trunnion of armature a 7, of the single armatured polar
relay A 3. Similar connections, as seen, are made in the case of relays B 2
and B 3.
Relay A4 has one end of its coils connected with the upper working contact of
armature a 3, while its lower working contact is connected with one end of the
coils of relay A 5 and the working contact of armature a 7 is connected with
one end of the coil of relay A 6. The other ends of the coils of these
relays A 4, A 5 and A 6 are connected with wire 30. Wire 42 makes a common
connection between battery L B 2 and the trunnions of armatures a 6, a 9 and a 11.
The working contact of armature a 6 is connected with one end of the coils of each
of relays A 11, A 12 and A. 13, the working contact of armature a 9 is connected
with one end of the coils of each of relays A 14, A 15 and A. 16, while the working
contact of armature all is connected with one end of the coils of each of
relays A 17, A 18 and A 19. The other ends of the coils of all these relays is
connected with a wire 40, making a common connection with the trunnions of all
of these relays and leading to battery L B 3. The upper contact of armature 3
is connected by wire 43 with the coils of relays A 11, A 14 and A 17, the lower
contacts of armature 63 by means of wire 44 with the coils of relays A. 12, A 15
and A 18, while the working contacts of armature 67 is connected by wire 45 with
the coils of relays A-13, A. 16 and A 19.
When armature a 2 is in the position shown in the drawing, the current of
battery LB2 is caused to pass through armature a 7 to relay A 6. This occurs
when the first impulse is an induced impulse only causing only armature a 7 to
respond in the manner already described by the energizing of coils A 3 in
connection with Fig. 2. When armature a 2 is moved to its upper contact by a
weak battery impulse, not affecting armature a 3, the current of battery L B2
passes through armature a 3 to coils of relay A. 5. When armatures a 2 and a 3
are both moved by a stronger battery impulse on the main line, to their upper
contacts, then the current of battery L B2 passes to coils of relay A 4.
In the same way the current of battery L B2 is, by means of relays B2 and B3,
directed through wires, 43, 44 and 45 to the coils of such one of relays A 11,
A 12,-A 19 as have been, in the manner already described, by means of relays A 4,
B

page_text: A 5 and A 6 connected to the other side of battery L B2. Whereby, it will be seen
that any one of such relays A 11, A. 12-A. 19 may be energized during the time of
the first two main line impulses.
Armature c 2 has its working contact connected with the trunnion of armature c 3,
whose upper and lower working contacts respectively are connected with the coils
of relays C4 and C5, whereby such relays may be energized in the manner
explained regarding relays A 4 and A5. By means of connections being made
with wire 31 in this figure, substantially the same as those already described and
shown in Fig. 5, relays A 4, A5, A 6, C 4 and C 5 are retained in the circuit of
battery LB2. By means of wires 32, 40 and 42 and retaining contacts c, (one
only of which are seen in the drawings) relays A 11, A 12-A 19 are also retained
or may be retained, when once energized, in the circuit of battery L B 2.
Wire 41 connects battery L B3 with trunnion of armature d2 whose lower
working contact is connected with the trunnion of armature d 7, while its upper
contact is connected with the trunnion of armature d3. Wire 33 is connected
with the upper and wire 34 with the lower contact of armature d3, while wire 35
is connected with the working contact of armature d 7.
Wires 33, 34 and 35 are connected respectively with such ones of coils X as are
connected to the upper, middle and lower spring contacts sc of relays A 11,
A 12-A 19. Whereby it will be seen that any desired one of coils X may be caused
to be traversed by the current of battery L B 3, while coils X1 and X2 are
energized from this same battery in substantially the same manner as already
described in regard to the same coils in Fig. 5. Relays A 3, B3 and D 3 are
energized in the manner already described in regard to the coils of the same letter
in connection with Fig. 2. Thus it will be seen that, by means of four alternating
impulses on the main line, of the nature and character already described, there
may be selected any one of the twenty seven coils X and either one or neither of
coils X 1, X 2.
What has thus far been shown and described applies to stations in permanent
telegraphic connection. But, when the receiving station is a central station having
a number of subscribers circuits connected therewith, it is necessary to secure
connection with the circuit of the subscriber it is desired to communicate with.
For this purpose a switching device is necessary which shall be adapted to use in
connection with my receiving current distributor, and also to other features of my
invention. Such a switching device as shall be actuated from one or more of the
keys of my transmitting key board is desirable and forms an essential element of
my present invention. Such a switching device is shown in Figs. 7 and 8 to which
reference is now made. At any central station when it is desired to use my switching
device it is preferable that that modification of my current distributor shown in
Fig. 3, and adapted to eight alternating impulses, be used. The first four impulses
I use to control one switching device and the second four to control another
substantially the duplicate of the first. In that modification of my switching
apparatus herein shown 1 make use of eight selecting discs or washers each
controlled by a separate cam plate, each of these cam plates, eight in number
actuated from or by a spring catch on a moving body, each of these spring catches,
also eight in number, normally prevented from engaging such cam plates by means
of much weaker springs, also eight in number and normally supported or backed
by any suitable electrically controlled device such as a rod forming the core of a
solenoid, and of these solenoids and cores also there are eight. In Fig. 7, for the
sake of perspicuity I have shown only one of these solenoids q aud its core
5 and
also another core rod q5 without its enclosing solenoid, and the two weaker
springs backed by these rods q 5 aud only two of the stronger spring catches r
95
opposed to such springs r1 and the two cam plates 96 engaged by such catches
and also a third cam plate 6 is seen in face view in the center of the fig. For
the sake of perspicuity also, only two of the eight rods n are shown with the
supporting rollers n 1 thereon. All of these parts omitted from the drawing are
exact duplicates of the parts fully shown and hereinafter described.

page_text: Referring to the drawings, N is a metallic ring pivotally secured in the notches
at regular intervals in which are the pendulous bars N4, falling in the notches
therefor in the circular brass plates N 1 and N 2, exactly similar and held apart
at a uniform distance by means of the rods n, secured in holes therefor in the
inner projections formed on plates N 1, N 2. Of these rods n there are eight, each
one having loosely revolving thereon four grooved rollers n held in positions
indicated in the drawings by means of collars on rods n.
Supported by these rollers n and working in the grooves therein, are seen the
peripherally notched washers » 3. There being eight of these rods n, and eight
of these washers n 3, and four of the roilers n 1 on each rod n, cach washer n 3 is
revolvably supported at four equidistant points by four rollers n 1.
A series of eight cam plates 96 each sliding vertically in holes therefor in
plates N1 and N2 near their inner edges, is seen, each cam plate having a
differently positioned cam opening, so that each shall engage a small pin on the
inner edge of a different one of washers n 3, passing through the cam openings
therefor, whereby each of these cam plates 7 6, as it is raised causes a different one
of washers 3 to be turned a fixed distance to the right.
These plates 96 have shaped projections at their lower ends, engaged by the
enlarged portion of disc q 2 and by which they are, each one, after being raised,
returned to their normal position shown in the drawings. Springs 1, eight in
number, are secured to projections formed on supporting bars 78, also eight in
number and having projections thereon supporting cam plates 76, and the core
rods g 5 passing through holes therefor in the projections formed on the lower ends
of such cam plates and preventing springs r1 from being pushed outwards by the
stronger springs on disc q2 as the same is raised by the rod Q3. These
supporting bars 8 are secured to under side of plate N 2.
The manner of notching out these washers a 3 is as follows, viz. first, all of them
are placed in their normal positions, then starting at any one notch in plates N1 N2,
some one combination of three each of these eight washers n 3 is turned around to the
right by lifting their corresponding cam plates 76, then all of these washers n 3
are notched out down to a straight line with the notches at that point in
plates N 1 N 2, so that bottoms of such notches in the plates and washers shall
lie in a straight line, then all the washers n3 are returned to their normal positions
and a different combination of three thereof treated in the same way for the next
notch in plates N 1 N 2, and so on until all of the notches have been milled out in
this way.
Whereby it will be seen that for each combination of three each of washers n 3
being turned by raising cam plates 76, one and only one of bars N4 will be
allowed to pass into the bottoms of notches therefor in plates N 1 N 2. In Figs. 7
and 8 there are shown such parts only of my switching apparatus as are necessary
to illustrate the construction and operation of eich part, while all unnecessary
parts are removed. The bars and levers N 4, N 5, № 6 and N 7 are so jointed
together that from the nature of the joints, they naturally assume the positions
indicated in the drawings and prevent levers N6 from falling any lower than
shown. In this way each of the bars N 4 is lightly pushed inward by gravity
against the periphery of washers n 3. These washers n 3 have their extreme
peripheries arranged so as to form the frustum of a cone such that the bars N 4
shall bear equally against them all, and this pressure, while insufficient to prevent
the movement of the washers n 3, three at a time, by their cam plates 6, is yet
sufficient to cause the bars N 4 to enter the grooves in washers n 3, when alligned
for their reception.
It has already been explained how that, by my automatic current distributor
and its connections, and by means of receiving apparatus such as shown and
already described, for each transmitted impulse, either one or neither one of two
suitably arranged coils may be energized and retained in its energizing circuit,
whence it follows that by means of four impulses, any desired combination of eight
coils taken three at a time, may be so energized and retained, aud that by means

page_text: q
of eight impulses two such combinations may be selected in two different series of
eight coils each. Let, then, the solenoids q, eight in number, stand for one series
of eight of such coils, and let d6 represent an armature actuated in any of the
methods already shown by the fourth transmitted impulse or at the time of such
impulse, at which time also one of the above named combinations of the solenoids.
will of course have been energized, then armature d6 being caused to occupy and
retained in the position indicated in the drawings, the current of battery L B4
will be caused to traverse solenoid Q 2, and in so doing taking the following
course, iz. wire 49, solenoid Q 2, wire 48, armature d6, lower contact pin of
armature S1 of permanent magnet S, shown in contact therewith, and wire 46
back to battery L B4, thereby raising core rod Q3, disc 72, springs thereon,
pushing out three of the springs 1, when the rods q5 have been raised, and thus
engaging the corresponding cam plates 96 and raising them and turning to the
right three of the washers n 3, and allowing one of the bars N 4 to swing inwards
to the position indicated in dotted lines and carrying with it the horizontal
lever N 7, pivoted at the lower end thereof.
Lever N7 is connected with the contact bar N 6, pivoted near the upper end of
bar N 4 by means of connecting rod N 5.
This core rod Q 3 also carries with it disc 73 to the position 4 indicated in
dotted lines. This disc q 3 has thereon the arm 7 with projections formed near
its lower end engaging armatures S 1, so that when disc 73 is carried upwards, it
moves armature S1 to the position shown in dotted lines against its upper contact
pin, connected by wire 65 with one end of solenoid Q 1, the other end of which is
connected by wire 49 with battery L B4, while wire 46 connects the other side of
this battery with armature S 1, thus causing core rod Q 3 to return to the position
shown in drawings, and in so doing disc 3 by engaging lever N7 has forced
contact lever N 6 upwards to the position indicated in dotted lines and in contact
with contact springs ss, where it is held by spring s 1. After disc 3 has acted
upon lever N 7, then disc q 2 by its enlarged portion, forces downwards to their
normal positions such of cam plates 6 as have been raised by the upward
movement of rod Q 3, and thereby returning to their normal positions all of the
notched washers 3, the beveled or inclined surfaces on the back sides of the
notches in these washers carrying or forcing out to its normal position that one of
bars N 4 which has been allowed to swing inward. When it is desired to disengage
contact lever N 6 from contact springs ss, then four induced impulses only are
sent to line and armature d 6 being actuated at the time of the fourth impulse, and
rod Q3 is raised without moving any cam plate 76 or washer n 3, and hence no
contact bar N 6 will be moved, but that one occupying a working position, indicated
in dotted lines, is disengaged and moved therefrom to its normal position by disc g 1
engaging the inner end of such bar N 6. A spring switch 2, whose use has already
been explained, is opened by means of a projection on upper surface of disc g 1,
when rod Q3 is raised.
It has already been mentioned that that modification of my current distributor
shown in Fig. 3 should be used at a central station in connection with my
automatic switching devices. These switching devices as before stated, are in
duplicate, that is, there are two of them exactly alike, except that while the
contact bars N 6 are arranged to engage thirty two springs ss in one, in the other
each bar N 6 may engage only one spring s, but in other respects they are exactly
alike, and operated in exactly the same way.
For operating these switching devices, I make use of the arrangement shown in
Fig. 1B, showing only in outline the contact pieces for the spacer key and their
connections. By means of switches S 11 and S13, connected respectively with
contact pieces m 1 and m 3, either one of such contact pieces may be connected
with either or neither one of wires 14 and 15 while in the same way, by means of
switches S 12 and S 14, contact pieces m 2 and m 4 may be connected with either
one or neither one of wires 17 and 18.
Three only of the switches S 11, § 12, S 13 and S 14 are moved so as to send

page_text: battery impulses to line, by the depression of the spacer key. By moving these
switches in different combinations thereof of three each different bars N6 may
be selected and operated in the central station switching apparatus.
Two depressions of the spacer key, it will be understood, are required, one
to control each section of my automatic switching device at the central station,
and for each depression, that combination of switches S 11, $ 12, S 13 and S 14
is made, which shall cause to be energized, in the manner already described, the
desired combination of solenoids 7, thus selecting the desired bar N 6 in each
switching apparatus.
For a fuller explanation of the apparatus and connections at a central station
equipped according to my invention, reference is made to Fig. 18 and the plan of
lettering therein shown. It has already been explained how that impulses on
line ML, traversing relays I, J and K cause the relays A 2, B2, C2-H2 to be
energized or not as desired by strong or weak currents from battery LB 1, and it
has already been explained how that for each series of eight impulses on
line M L as desired, no one, any one, or any combination of two or more of such
relays A2, B2, C 2 &c. may be so energized. There are two of each of these
relays A2, B2, C2 &c. arranged to be so energized in parallel, as seen, and also in
parallel with relays D2 and H 2 respectively a third relay D6 and H 6.
A battery LB2 by means of its connections with wires 4, 5, 75, 76 and 77,
serves in the manner substantially the same as already explained to keep or retain
energized in its own circuit such ones of relays A2, B2, C 2 &c. and relays D 6
and H 6 as have been energized from battery LB1 in the manner already
described, that is, such as have been energized by currents from battery L B1 of
sufficient strength to actuate their armatures. The upper horizontal row of
relays A2, B2, C2 &c. are adjusted to respond only to the stronger impulses from
battery LB 1, and the relays in the lower horizontal row are adjusted to respond
to the weaker as well as the stronger impulses from this same battery. The lower
armatures in each series of relays A2, B2, C2 &c. are located in the retaining
circuits of the battery L B 2, while the upper armatures of each pair of the same
letter are connected in series, whereby, when connections are made with battery L B3,
such as indicated by lines 78 and 79, according as the lower one, neither one or
both of these relays of each pair of the same letter throughout the series are
energized, as desired, no one, any one, or any combination of two or more of the
coils may be energized from the battery L B 3.
But it has already been explained in connection with Figs. 18, 7 and 8 how that
by means of the spacer key and its connecting switches, such coils q may be
energized in any desired combination thereof of three each in each of the series
of 8 thereof. As shown and already explained, relays D6 and H 6 are energized
respectively at the time of the fourth and eighth impulses on line M L, thus
causing to be energized from battery L B4 respectively the coils Q2 of the left
and right hand sections of my switching apparatus and thus operating the, already
at that time selected, lever N 6 of such left and right hand sections, in the manner
already explained in reference to Figs. 7 and 8 and as will be fully understood by
comparison of the lettering in Figs. 7 and 18, and at the same time opening the
switches a 2 in the retaining circuits of battery L B2 and thus restoring to their
normal positions the armatures of relays A 2, B2, C2 &c. and D6 and H 6.
In Fig. 18 only four local subscribers circuits are provided for, each entirely
isolated at each end from that of any other subscriber; they may be arranged thus
or as indicated in Fig. 9 resulting in the simplified construction of one half of my
switching apparatus already described. It will of course be readily understood
that any one of the local subscribers stations connected by line M L to the central
station may select and call up other subscribers cireu.ts and antomatically connect
therewith.
In practice each one of the local subscribers stations is normally in its own local
circuit only and is disconnected therefrom and is connected with line M L by means

page_text: of switches in the manner already well known in the art and hence calling for no
further illustration or description.
Referring to Fig. 9, let N 6a and N 66 represent the bars N 6 respectively of
the first and second sections of my switching apparatus, and M L the main line, in
which switch S3 is normally moved to the left from the position shown in the
drawings, passing through coils of relays I, J and K and then to ground as
indicated. The desired bars N 6a and N 6b, say the ones to the right in each case,
having been selected and operated in the manner described, switch S3 is moved to
the right as seen in the drawings, either by the central station attendant or in a
manner similar to spring switch 2 by the second switching device, thus forming a
shunt circuit around the coils of relay I, and at the same time causing the main
line to pass through wires 50 and 51 and through the receiver 2 of the subscriber
on that circuit.
Only four of the bars N 66 and only a part of four only of bars N6 a are seen,
but from what is shown and the plan of lettering adopted, it will be seen that
sixteen different local subscribers circuits are provided for, and that when thirty
two bars such as N 6a and also thirty two such as N 66 are used then one thousand
and twenty-four different local subscribers circuits may be provided for.
At the completion of a message to a local subscriber, switch S3 is again moved
to the left and contact bars N 6 u and N 66 returned to their normal position in the
manner already described.
There are also contained in each subscribers circuit other receiving coils tt 1,
the effect of the main line impulses thereon, neutralized by balancing coils tt, also
located in such circuit. Any two such receiving coils may be connected together
by means of wires 88, 89 and switch S 2, and communication carried on between
two local subscribers, independent of the main line impulses, and that too while
either one is receiving a main line message, the effect of main line impulses on
coils being neutralized by the balancing coils t t through which the main line
impulses are also caused to pass. Obviously still further connections are required
in the case of subscribers whose circuits are in no wise connected by my switching
apparatus. In such cases the usual connections are made.
I have herein shown and described only one phase of my switching device
adapted to be used in connection with that arrangement of my transmitting
apparatus to be employed with that phase of my receiving and selecting apparatus
shown in Figs. 2 and 4. But when that arrangement of my receiving and selecting
apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 5 is employed, a modification of my transmitting
device is required which is considered too obvious to call for further illustration
and description. In this case it will of course be understood that eight alternating
transmitting impulses are sent from each key. It will be readily understood then
that by locating at a central station one of my automatic current distributors
arranged for sixteen alternating impulses in each series and using the first and
second eight of such impulses in each of such series to operate a first and second
section of a switching device according to my invention, each of the sections of
such switching device may have one hundred and twenty switching levers, whereby
there may be controlled and selected directly by the depression of the different
transmitting and shifting keys, any desired one of fourteen thousand four hundred
local circuits.
In the printing of messages telegraphically, I have found it desirable to dispense
with inked ribbons and to use in place thereof inking pads and direct mechanism.
I have further found it is important to make use of as few keys as possible at the
transmitting station, and as few type or printing bars as possible at the receiving
station, in order to lessen the work of and apparatus for their selection and
operation. Of course this necessitates the use of shift keys, two of which I use in
my system or apparatus and which has heretofore been objectionable on account of
the heavy and cumbersome parts which such shift keys have been used to control.
To overcome these difficulties and objections hereinbefore mentioned, I have devised

page_text: the apparatus shown in Fig. 10, to which reference is now made. O is a type bar,.
bifurcated at its outer end and having revolvably secured thereon the small type
wheel O2. This type bar O is fixed upon a short shaft 06 working in bearings.
not shown. Fitted revolvably upon this shaft 06 is seen the double armed
lever. 04 presenting an exactly similar appearance upon both sides of the type
bar O, encircling the same at its upper right hand or outer end, and constituting in
effect two exactly similar levers with a solid connection at their right hand or outer-
ends. Connecting rods o articulate at their upper ends with the inner ends of
lever O 4 and at their lower ends with type wheel O2, upon either side thereof,.
by means of a pin passing therethrough and near the periphery thereof.
The relative proportions and positions of the parts just described is such that
when a type bar is brought into its operative position 1 indicated in dotted
lines, then connecting rods o assume the position oi, indicated in dotted lines, and
type wheel O2 has been caused to make about half a revolution in the direction
indicated by the arrow, whereby that type which was opposed to the center of the
inking pad P, shown in vertical section, is caused to strike the paper on platen 03.
To prevent and overcome any tendency of type wheel O2 and connecting rods o
to catch and stop on dead center, a pin o 10, working in a slot therefor through
type bar O, is secured at the proper point in connecting rods o.
It will be readily understood that by swinging lever 04 on shaft 06, by raising
or lowering its right hand end, a rotary motion will be communicated to type
wheel O2 which, being properly adjusted in amount, will cause as desired the type
on wheel O2 immediately to the left or to the right of the one shown in printing
position to occupy a printing position instead of that one.
A connecting rod o 3 communicates motion from lever 0³, fulcrumed at or near
its middle and articulating at its left hand or inner end upon the rounded edge of
the central flange formed on cylinder 06, to lever 04. Cylinder 06 works
loosely upon the enlarged portion of rod X 8 suitably supported in the center of
my printer. On rod X 8 are secured washers o 6 and o 7 by means of which springs o 4
and o 5 are caused to press washers o 8 and o 9 against the upper and lower shoulders
formed by the enlarged portion of rod X 8, whereby cylinder O6 is normally held
in the position indicated in the drawings. This position is retained at all times
during the printing of small letters.
A lever X 9, fulcrumed at its angle, articulates with the projection formed on
cylinder O 6 at its lower end. A curved core rod X 10 is secured to the lower end
of lever X 9 and is moved to the right or to the left thus lowering or raising
cylinder 6 according as solenoid X 2 or solenoid X1 is energized in the manner
already described.
Either of these solenoids or neither of them, may be energized for each
character transmitted, hence any one of three characters may be printed at the
operation of each type bar O, of which there may be any desired number, preferably
from twenty six upwards.
A connecting rod o 2 communicates to type bar ( motion from angular lever X 4,
also fulcrumed at its angle and having secured to its lower end the curved core
rod X5 working in the solenoid X 3. A contact spring a 4 has at its right hand
end a downwardly bent catch arranged to engage a similar catch, as seen, on the
upper end of the armature 5 to electro-maguet X. This electro-magnet X, when
energized from the battery L 133, in the manner already shown and described,
attracts armature x5 releasing spring a 4 and allowing it to spring against core X 5,
as seen in the drawing, making electric contact therewith. Battery L B3 is
connected with spring 4 and one end of solenoid X 3, while the other end of this
solenoid is connected with lever X 4 at or near its fulcrum, whereby the current of
battery LB3 is caused to traverse solenoid X 3 drawing core rod X5 in to the
right and thus operating type bar O. An insulating projection . 3 at the left hand
end of core rod X 5, when such core rod has been carried in up to the end of its
course, depresses spring a 4 causing it to engage arinature 5 and to be held thereby out

page_text: of contact with core rod X 5 thereby opening the circuit of solenoid X 3, allowing
the parts, except spring a 4, to return to the position shown in the drawings.
A catch 7, pivoted at its left hand end and held by a spring, as seen, against
the projection a 6 on lower end of lever X 9, is arranged as indicated to catch and
hold thereby lever X 9, when carried to either extreme of its course, thus forming
an automatic lock for the shifting devices. A slide X7 working on rod X 8 and
operated by lever X 6, articulating with lever X4, is provided with a spring
cateb 8 for releasing catch a 7 from lever X 9, just after the completion of the
operating stroke of each type bar and while slide X7 is returning to its normal
position. Slide X7 also carries a pine 10 opening and engaging spring switch & 2,
already described, just at the completion of the stroke of each type bar. Thus it
will be seen that the actuating coils of each type bar are held in their energizing
circuits until the type bars have completed their operative stroke, and that the
selecting devices used for selecting such coils, are also retained in their energizing
circuits until the completion of the operative stroke of a type bar.
It will also be understood by reference to Fig. 4 that in that phase of my
receiving apparatus therein shown, the branch relays A 11, A 12-A 19 are selected
by the first two impulses taking one half of the time required to transmit a
character, whereby the actuating coils selec:ed by the transmission of any one
character may take, for doing their work, one half of the time used in transmitting
the next succeeding character.
Referring to Figs. 10 and 11, my inking pad P, circular in form, rests revolvably
in a circular bed piece P 1, and consists of different sections p, p, which may be
inked in different colors. Angular adjustment of pad P may be secured by means
of any suitable projecting pin or arm, as seen in Fig. 11. The sections p, p may
be removable so as to be inked independently. For the sake of securing more
perfect alignment in my printer it is preferable to make every other type bar a
little longer than every intermediate one whereby the shaft of such type bars may
be lengthened or elongated as indicated in Fig. 12, only in outline.
I have shown type wheels 02 as full wheels with four sets of type on each.
Only one arm or segment of a wheel can be used instead with only three type
thereon for two shift keys, or two characters for one shift key and one character
only where no shift keys or devices are used.
It should be noticed that no more time is required on the main line in my system
to operate two shift keys or devices than would be required to operate one, hence
two are used with the corresponding simplification resulting therefrom. Attention
is also called to the fact that by dispensing with inked ribbons, all ribbon move-
ments are dispensed with and my printer is greatly simplified and the services and
care of an attendant greatly lessened.
When it is desired to send several messages over the same wire at the same time,
it is preferable to employ a system of synchronous multiplexy, but as every impulse
on the main line has some effect upon the different parts of iny receiving apparatus,
I have found it necessary to make use of a special system of and apparatus for
synchronous multiplexy. As a high rate of speed in synchronizing apparatus is
objectionable and as a decrease in the rate of rotation means an increase in the
number of distributor sections calling for a corresponding increase in the number of
correcting impulses to synchronize the sections, and as each impulse, as before
stated, has some effect on my receiving apparatus, I have found it desirable to make
each impulse a correcting impulse and have for that purpose, devised the apparatus
for synchronously multiplexing my system of telegraphy shown in Figs. 13, 14, 15,
16 and 17.
In my system I use a combined dynamo and motor, shown in side view and
partially in section in Fig. 13. In Fig. 14 there is seen in end view above the
central horizontal line one half of the armature V, and below this same horizontal
line an interior end view of one half of one of the field magnets, while Fig. 15 shows
the arrangement of the armature sections and the field magnet poles opposed thereto

page_text: when arranged to be used as a constant current motor, carrying upon the same
shaft the synchronous transmitting trailer and transmitting dynamo, nearly similar
but whose armature sections and field magnet poles opposed thereto are arranged as
shown in Fig. 17. Referring to Fig. 13, each field-magnet consists of an inner
hollow cylinder R 1, through the center of which passes shaft R 11, and upon which
is wound the field coil R 4, and enclosed within the outer cylindrical sections R.
These cylinders R and Ri have, on their ends opposed to the armature V, radial
projections extending outwards and forming a series of interlacing and alternating
positive and negative poles, one opposed to each armature section as seen in Fig. 17,
when alternating currents are to be produced or used in maintaining synchronism.
These armature sections, v, v 1, consist of cores, preferably composed of bundles
of fine soft iron wire, alternate with each other, each having wound thereon a coil
of insulated wire 2, wound only on one half or less of each section, the unwound
portion of each section fitting in the spaces between coils on adjacent sections. All
of the coils are connected in series, and there being an armature section and coil
for each field magnet pole, there are as many impulses sent to line, for each revolu-
tion of the armature, as there are poles opposed to the armature, twenty four
being shown in the drawings.
The terminals of the armature coils pass to collector rings R9 and R 10 of the
usual construction with springs r9 and 10 bearing respectively thereon. These
armature sections e, 1 are supported upon a suitable hub R 12 on shaft R 11 and
enclosed within a suitable retaining cylinder V.
For actuating such an alternating current dynamo and the transmitting trailer
ou the same shaft, any suitable mechanism may be employed such as a modification
In
of this same dynamo and motor adapting it to use as a constant current motor.
this case, as seen in Fig. 15, the armature sections v, v are considerably shorter
and alternate with each other in position so that every other one shall be opposed
to a magnetic pole on one end, and every intermediate one to a magnetic pole on the
other end or side of the armature. In this case any two adjacent armature sections
are exposed to the same inductive action on opposite sides of the armature, causing
adjacent coils in the same field to work together harmoniously or in unison. In this
case also, as seen, the coils are shorter. They are all connected to ether in series
and should make a similar connection to those made in the well known Gramme
armature and to an exactly similar commutator. Two or four poles may be used
on each side of the armature.
In Figs. 13, 14 and 17 provision is made for twenty four impulses at each
armature revolution and accordingly for twenty four divisions on the sunflowers.
In Fig. 16, however, to avoid confusion twelve divisions only are shown in each
sunflower R7 and R 8. Twelve armature coils 2 only are shown in diagram in
this fig. Two sunflowers R8 are shown, one at a transmitting station to the left
and one at a receiving station to the right. Trailers R5 and R 6 and springs r 5
and r6 bear similar relations to and perform similar functions respectively to sun-
flowers R7 and R 8. Sunflowers R8 have their sections numbered 1, 4, 7 and 10
connected together and their sections numbered 2, 5, 8 and 11 connected together,
and their sections numbered 3, 6, 9 and 12 connected together. The hub of
transmitting trailer R 6, shown to the left in the figure, carries four equidistant
arms 3 arranged to engage the carrying pins on the automatic transmitting
rollers L3, thus imparting to each of such rollers, during each revolution of the trailer,
four impulses causing it to advance a distance equal to the space of a perforation on
the transmitting ribbon. Any three adjacent sunflower sections are connected with
the shafts of these three rollers L3, as seen, while the transmitting contacts t14,
hearing on each roller L 3 are connected as indicated by wire 91 to the battery M B 2
and therethrough to ground.
Thus it will be seen that for each revolution of trailer R 6 there may be sent to
main line M L through spring r 6 connected therewith, from each one singly of
rollers L 3 four impulses from battery M B 2.
Sunflower R 7 has all of its sections of odd number connected together and ail
с

page_text: its sections of even number connected together and any two adjacent sections'
connected to the battery L. B5 while wire 94 connects the neutral point of this
battery with one end of the primary of coil L5, the other end of which wire 93
connects with spring 5 bearing on hub of trailer R 5 revolving on same shaft with
trailer R 6 as indicated in Fig. 13. It is preferable in place of induction coil L5,
battery LB 5, sunflower R 7 and trailer R5 to use my motor as a transmitting
dynamo. For this purpose connections are made as seen by wires 99 and 100 with
springs 9 and 10, thus sending to line from and through the coils v2, v2, the'
alternating impulses induced in such coils when used as dynamo armature coils.
Thus at each revolution of these trailers there are sent to line induced impulses
alternating at each successive section of the sunflowers and also battery impulses or
not as desired, harmonizing and synchronizing therewith, all as more fully explained
hereinbefore and illustrated in Fig. 1 for single transmission and shown only partly
of necessity and in diagram in Fig. 16.
.
In synchronously multiplexing the work of transmission according to my invention,
the induced impulses alternating at each successive contact in distributor R 8 may
be sent to line in the manner already described either from the armature coils » 2
of my alternating current transmitting dynamo or from the secondary of induction
coil L5, caused by the currents from battery L B5 alternately positive and
negative, being caused to traverse the primary of induction coil L 5 by means of
distributor R7 and its trailer R5 and the connections made therewith, already
described. As each transmitting ribbon and the contact needles opposed thereto
operate and are arranged in exactly the same way as already explained in reference
to Fig. 1, I have shown them only in their outlines in Fig. 16. It only remains
then to be explained how the induced impulses sent to line at the successive points
of time in which any one ribbon, and more particularly the successive perforations
therein, are brought into operative position and circuit are regularly alternating in
kind so that each ribbon used shall have its own distinct series of alternating
impulses.
Starting then with the several parts in the positions shown in Fig. 16 at the left
at the sending station, as trailer R6 advances to its next contact to the right
connected only with the middle one of rollers L3, one of the arms R 3 causes the
left hand one of rollers L 3 to revolve or advance a space of one perforation or one
fourth of a character on the ribbon carried thereby, and then in passing to the
next contact connected only with the right hand one of rollers L 3, one of these
arms 3 will cause the middle one of rollers L3 to advance a space of one
perforation on the ribbon carried thereby, and as the trailer R 6 advances to still
another contact connected only with the left hand one of rollers L3 at the same
time one of the arms 3 will cause the right hand one of rollers L3 to advance a
space of a perforation on the ribbon carried thereby. And during the time that
this trailer R6 is on this last mentioned contact, the main line is connected to
ground through the left hand one of rollers L 3 and such one of the contact needles
bearing thereon as is opposed to a perforation in the ribbon carried thereby. And
according to the location of such perforation, there may be sent to line from
battery M B2, no impulse, or a weak or a strong impulse in the manner already
described fully in reference to Fig. 1.
This same action, just already described, takes place with regard to the central
one of rollers L 3 during the time while trailer R6 is on the distributor contact
next in advance of the one last mentioned, and the same may also be said with
regard to the right hand one of rollers L3 during the time while trailer R6 is
in contact with that distributor section next in advance of the one just last
mentioned.
In this manner the operation is continued throughout a whole revolution and each
revolution of trailer R 6, each of the rollers L 3, during each revolution of such
trailer, being caused to advance four times at regular intervals a space covered by
oue perforation in the ribbon carried thereby, and each one being brought into
operation four times in the manner described.

page_text: It should be borne in mind that, as there are three of these rollers 5 and as
cach one of them is placed in operative circuit four times during each revolution of
trailer R 6, the induced impulses sent to line in either of the methods already
described, alternating at the successive points sor contacts of distributor R 8, alternate
also at the successive points in the revolution of such trailer R6 on which any one
of such rollers is placed in operative circuit, the same as though only one of such
rollers L 3 were used and placed in operative circuit and caused to advance the
space of a perforation in the ribbon carried thereby at each successive contact made
by trailer R 6. That is, each of the rollers L3 is placed in operative circuit at
successive points in time in which a distinct series of alternating induced impulses
is sent to line.
Thus it will be seen that three separate and distinct messages are sent at the
same time and that in each message a complete character is transmited for each
revolution of the trailer R 6. Spring 6 of the receiving distributor, shown to the
right, is connected to the main line M L through the coils of relay W. The
transmitting and receiving trailer being caused to revolve in the manner to be
described synchronously, it will be seen that the impulses sent to line from the left
hand, middle and right hand roller L 3 will be caused to traverse the left hand,
middle and right hand series of relay coils I, J and K respectively.
Relay W is arranged to respond only to the induced impulses on the main line or
only to the impulses sent to line by a transmitting dynamo, whereby, connections
being made such as indicated by lines 95, 96, 97 and 98 the current of battery LB6
is caused to traverse field magnet coils R4, R4 always in the same direction, and
armature coils v2, v2 of my receiving synchronizing motor, in a direction alternating
at each alternation of the transmitted induced impulses. Thus it will be seen that
each induced impulse is a correcting impulse controlling the synchronism of the
receiving trailer.
It should be borne in mind that armature w responds only to currents in one
direction and armature w 1 to currents in the opposite direction.
It has already been explained how that relays I, J, K operated from the main
line impulses, actuate and control the operation of the several parts of my receiving
apparatus. These relays alone being actuated directly from the main line
they constitute all that it is necessary to show of my receiving apparatus in
Fig. 16.
The operation of the several features of my invention are believed to have
already been sufficiently described in their proper connection.
The more obvious features of construction and operation have in some instances
been omitted for the sake of brevity.
manual
It will of course be understood that in transmitting the message,
transmission by means of my key board cannot be used at the same time with the
automatic transmission by means of perforated ribbon Land the apparatus actuating
the same and co-operating therewith. Each of such systems of transmission, viz.
the automatic and the manual is used alone, independenly of the other, never
together for the same message. Either one may be used as desired.
Attention is also called to the fact that the same system of selections is used for
switching and selecting coils X, but by means of devices differing from the
different uses to which they are put. When relays I, J and K are wound
differentially and used as in ordinary duplex telegraphy, having one pair of their
coils placed in an artificial line A L with a rheostat T, as indicated in Fig. 19,
then the work may be duplexed in the ordinary way, the outgoing impulses being
balanced in the usual manner on the home relays, thus rendering them responsive
only to impulses from the distant stations.
Thus it will be seen that we have a means for quadruplexing a synchronous
multiplex telegraph by means of polarized and differentially wound relays between
the main liue and a distributor located between such relays and a series of receiving
instruments located in each branch circuit controlled by the distributor.
Fig. 20 shows in a plan view diagram a modified arrangement of my selecting

page_text: apparatus arranged for the selection of thirty two coils or instruments from four
main line impulses. It has already been shown and described how that, by means
of four main line impulses thirty two combinations of three each out of eight
magnets may be selected and energized. Let the relay magnets Y 1 and Y 2-Y8
represent such magnets in which all of the same letter form a series to be selected 5
and energized simultaneously in common from battery L B7, and acting on their
These armatures y are
corresponding relay armatures y in the usual manner.
connected together in series through their contacts to form thirty two branch
circuits, running horizontally in the drawings and containing each a coil X to be
selected and energized from battery L B8. It will be noticed that no two series
of relay magnets Y 1, Y 2 &c. selected from the same main line impulse, can be
selected and energized simultaneously, hence there can be only thirty two of these
combinations of three series in each combination, making possible the selecting of
thirty two coils X by the closing of the thirty two branch circuits, containing such
coils, each one singly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In combination in a telegraphic circuit, the following elements, namely―at any
one station in such circuit, a distributor and means for sending to line, alternating
at the successive contacts made by such distributor, direct and inverse induced
impulses and means for balancing upon the home relay at such station the effect of
such outgoing induced impulses.
-
2. In combination in a telegraphic circuit, the following elements, namely at any
one station in such circuit, a home relay, a distributor, and means for sending to
line, alternating at the successive contacts made thereby, direct and inverse induced
impulses or currents, and means for maintaining such home relay neutral to such
outgoing impulses or currents.
3. In combination with a system of simultaneous dual transmission between any
two stations, and means for sending to line alternating direct and inverse impulses
at points of time synchronous with the contacts made by a distributor at one of
such stations, a synchronizing distributor at the other one of such stations having
its contacts each in a separate electric circuit or branch circuit together with
receiving instruments, each of such circuits or branch circuits also containing
therein the contacts of a main line relay common to two or more of such circuits or
branch circuits and contained in such above mentioned system of simultaneous
dual transmission.
4. A transmitting distributor and source of direct and inverse induced impulses
or currents and a home relay having a balancing coil thereon in circuit with a
source of electric energy.
5. A receiving relay in a main line and a receiving instrument at the same
station and a distributor between such relay and such receiving instrument.
6. In combination with means for charging a main line at regular intervals of
time, a distributor at a receiving station on such line, inaking contacts synchronously
with the charges on such main line, such distributor located between a relay in the
main line and any suitable receiving instrument or instruments.
7. In combination with means for charging a main line at regular intervals of
time and a distributor capable of imparting or supplying impulses to any suitable
receiving instrument or instruments at points of time synchronous with the charges
on the main line, a relay in such main line at any station and a receiving instrument
or instruments at the same station, such distributor located between such relay and
such receiving instrument or instruments.
8. In combination with ineans for charging a main line at regular intervals of
time, a receiving relay located in such main line, the contacts of such relay placed
in circuit with a source of electric energy together with a distributor making
contacts synchronously with the charges on the main line and a special local relay

page_text: or receiving magnet for each contact made by such distributor, each of such local
relays or receiving magnets and a corresponding contact in such distributor locate.l
in a separate branch of such above named source of electric energy.
9. Two stations connected by a main line, at one station a distributor and means
for charging the main line at intervals of time synchronously with the contacts made
by the distributor at that station, at the other station a relay permanently located
in the main line and having its contacts, by the operation of a distributor also at
such other station, placed successively in each of several local circuits or branch
circuits, each of such local circuits or branch circuits also containing a receiving
instrument.
10. A series of receiving or relay magnets and means for energizing the same in
different combinations thereof taking a certain fixed number, less than the whole"
thereof, at a time, all of such receiving or relay magnets in each combination, being
energized together in common during some portion of the period of time set off for
the energizing of each combination, in combination with a source of electric energy
having a series of branch circuits, and in each branch circuit a registering or
printing magnet and such a certain fixed number of relay contacts as shall correspond
to and be actuated by the energizing of some one of such above combinations of
such receiving or relay magnets.
11. A series of receiving or relay magnets and means for energizing the same in
different combinations thereof taken a certain fixed number less than the whole
thereof, at a time, all of such receiving or relay magnets in each combination
being energized together in common during some portion of the period of time set
off for the energizing of each combination, in combination with a series of printing
or registering magnets, each one located in circuit with a source of electric energy
together with such a certain fixed number of relay contacts, as shall correspond to
and be actuated by the energizing of some one of such above named combinations
of such receiving or relay magnets.
12. A series of receiving or relay magnets and means for energizing the same
in different combinations thereof taken a certain fixed number, less than the whole
thereof, at a time, in combination with a series of printing or registering magnets,
each one located in circuit with a source of electric energy together with such a
certain fixed number of relay contacts as shall correspond to and be actuated by the
energizing of some one of such above named combinations of such receiving or relay
magnets.
13. In combination with means for sending to line alternating induced impulses,
means for sending to line or not, as desired, at each such induced impulse,
a battery impulse synchronizing and harmonizing therewith, substantially as
hereinbefore described,
14. In combination with means for sending to line alternating induced impulses,
means for sending to line or not, as desired, battery impulses of different strength
at each such induced impulse and synchronizing and harmonizing therewith,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
15. A series of electric circuits or branch circuits, each containing a pair of
relay contacts, ineans for causing a first impulse, traversing such first circuit, to
open the contacts in such first circuit and close the contacts in such second circuit,
and means for causing the second impulse thus traversing such second circuit to
open the contacts in such second circuit and close the contacts in such third circuit,
and so on, the impulse thus traversing the last circuit in the series, causing the
contacts in such last circuit to open and the contacts in such first circuit to close,
whereby in each succession of impulses, corresponding impulses are caused to
traverse the same circuit or branch circuit.
16. A series of electric circuits or branch circuits, each containing a pair of relay
contacts, means for causing a first impulse, traversing such first circuit, at its
cessation, to open the contacts in such first circuit and close the contacts in such
second circuit, and means for causing the second impulse thus traversing such
second circuit, at its cessation, to open the contacts in such second circuit and close

page_text: the contacts in such third circuit, and so on, the impulse thus traversing the last
circuit in the series, causing, at its cessation, the contacts in such last circuit to
open and the contacts in such first circuits to close, whereby in each succession of
impulses, corresponding impulses are caused to traverse the same circuit or branch
circuit.
17. Three relay armatures having their actuating coils arranged to be
synchronously traversed by energizing impulses, the first armature having working
contacts on each side thereof and responding to impulses of one kind or character,
the second armature also having working contacts on each side thereof and
responding to those same impulses and also to impulses of a different kind or
character not affecting such first named armature, the third armature responding
to impulses actuating either of the other armatures, and also to impulses affecting
either of the other armatures, such second named armature connected through one
of its working contacts in series with such first named armature and through its
other working contact in series with such third named armature.
18. As a means for selecting and energizing any desired one of a number of
coils, two or more branch relays each having its armature connected to a source of
electric energy and arranged to engage two or more contacts, each contact
connected to one terminal of a different one of such coils, all the similarly connected
coils to such branch relays having their other ends connected to a common return
wire, there being a return wire for each different coil and contact to a branch relay,
aud means for energizing any desired-one of such branch relays and for connecting
to such source of electric energy any desired one of such return wires.
19. As a means for selecting and energizing any desired one of a number of
coils, two or more branch relays each having its armature connected to a source of
electric energy and arranged to engage or make contact with two or more contacts,
each contact connected to one terminal of a different one of such coils, all the
similarly connected coils to such branch relays having their other ends connected to
a common return wire, there being a return wire for each different coil and contact
to a branch relay, and means for energizing any desired one of such branch relays
requiring at least one half or more of the transmitted impulses necessary to select
any desired one of such coils, and means for connecting to such source of electric
energy any desired one of such return wires.
20. As a means for selecting and operating any desired one of a series of levers,
a series of bars supporting and carrying such levers, a series of selecting washers
or plates opposed to such bars and having notches and projections so formed
thereon, that the movement of such washers or plates in each different combination
thereof shall allow one and only one of such lever carrying bars to assume an
operative position, causing its lever to assume au operative position such as to be
engaged by a moving body arranged to communicate motion to such levers, in
combination with means for actuating such selecting washers or plates in such
different combinations thereof.
21. In combination with any suitable rod or equivalent device, as Q3, and
means for reciprocating the same, a series of lever carrying bars, as N 4, carrying
levers as N 7, a series of selecting washers or plates as N 3, opposed to such bars,
means for operating such washers or plates N 3, in such different combinations
thereof by the movement of such rod, as Q 3, as shall allow one of such bars aud
the lever carried thereby to assume an operative position, and means for actuating
such lever by such rod Q3, substantially as herein before described.
22. In combination with any suitable rod or equivalent device as Q 3, and means
for reciprocating the same, a series of lever carrying bars, as N 4, carrying levers,
as N 7, a series of selecting washers or plates, as N 3, opposed to such bars, means
for operating such washers or plates N 3, in such different combinations thereof
by the movement of such rod Q3, in one direction, as shall allow one of such bars
and the lever carried thereby to assume an operative position, and means for
actuating such lever by the return of such rod Q3 to its normal position, aud
also for returning to their normal positions, after such lever has been so engaged,

page_text: such lever carrying bars and such selecting washers or plates, substantially as.
hereinbefore described.
23. At a central station a series of switch levers, each connected to main line-
and arranged to engage a single contact, each contact connected with a different
series of wires from different local subscribers circuits, each one of such local
subscribers circuits having its other end connected to a different contact opposed
to a different switch lever, in a second series thereof, located also at such central
station, and through which a ground or return connection may be made, as shown.
and described, common to all such local subscribers circuits.
24. As a means for selecting any desire one of a series of circuits, a series of
contacts each opposed to a different lever connected to one terminal of a different
group of such circuits, each of the other terminals of such circuits in each of such.
different groups connected to a different contact opposed to a different lever in a
second series thereof, and means for actuating such levers in the different
combinations thereof forming terminals to the different circuits to be selected.
25. A series of type or printing bar actuating coils each located in a separate
electric circuit or branch circuit, each closed through a spring contact normally
operating, when once closed, to retain such circuit closed until the completion of
the operative stroke of that type bar whose actuating coil is located in the circuit
closed thereby, means for opening each of said spring contacts at the completion
of the operative stroke of that type bar, having its actuating coil located in the
circuit closed therethrough, individual devices for holding each of such spring
contacts open, when once opened at the completion of the operative stroke of a
type bar, each of such devices controlled by a separate coil, operating, when
energized to release such spring contacts and means for selecting and energizing
any desired one of such last named coils actuating the devices controlling such.
spring contacts.
26. A type bar having a revolvable type wheel in the printing end thereof, a
lever swinging on or concentric with the axis of such type bar and a connecting
rod between such lever and such type wheel, substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
27. A type bar having a revolvable type wheel in the printing end thereof, a
lever swinging on or concentric with the axis of such type bar, a connecting rod
between such lever and such type wheel, and means for swinging such lever so as
to bring into printing position any desired one of such type on such type wheel,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
28. In combination with a series of type bars having two or more type thereon,
a shifting mechanism for each type bar, controlling the angular position of the
type on such bar,-means for communicating motion from a common shifting device
to each of such shifting mechanisms, a catch engaging such commou shifting
device and means for releasing such catch at the completion of the printing stroke
of any one of such type bars, substantially as shewn and described.
29. In a telegraphic system, at a transmitting station, a transmitting distributor-
and means for sending to line induced impulses alternating at the successive
contacts thereof, and for superimposing thereon or not, as desired, transmitting
battery impulses synchronizing and harmonizing therewith, at a receiving station,.
receiving instruments responding only to such battery impulses and a relay
responding to such induced impulses and controlling a local circuit containing an
alternating current electric motor, such motor containing an armature section and
pole piece opposed thereto for such section or contact of such transmitting
distributor, at a receiving station also a receiving distributor similar to the
transmitting distributor and actuated from the shaft of such motor, and through
the different sections of which successively such main line impulses are all caused
to pass and thereby through the different ones as desired of such receiving.
instruments connected to different sections of such receiving distributor.
30. In a telegraphic system, an alternating current dynamo having its armature-
coils in the main line and having an armature section and pole piece opposed.

page_text: thereto for each section of a transmitting distributor located directly on, or
actuated from the shaft of such dynamo, and means for sending to line or not as
desired, through the successive contacts of such distributor, battery impulses
harmonizing and synchronizing with such induced impulses from such alternating
current dynamo.
31. In a telegraphic system, as a means for maintaining synchronism, at a
transmitting station, a distributor and means for sending to line impulses alternating
at the successive contacts thereof, and at a receiving station an alternating current
electric motor having an armature section and coil for each contact of such
distributor, and having its energizing circuit controlled by a relay on the main
line responding to such alternating impulses, such motor imparting its motion to a
receiving distributor or other apparatus to he synchronized.
32. As a means for selecting any desired one of a number of coils a series of
branch relays, each controlling two or more branch circuits containing a different
one of such coils, all the similarly connected coils to such branch relays connected
to a common return wire, there being a different return wire for each coil to such
branch relays, such branch relays connected to a source of electric energy, means
for selecting and energizing such branch relays and for connecting to such source
of electric energy any desired one of such return wires.
33. As a means for selecting and energizing any desired one of a number of coils
or instruments, a series of circuits or branch circuits each containing a different
one of such coils, means for connecting such circuits or branch circuits, at each
end thereof, to a source of electric energy in different groups of two or more such
that at each one of such different groupings one of such branch circuits only shall
complete the circuit of such source of electric energy.
34. At a central station, a series of subscribers circuits, each terminal of each of
such circuits entering such station, means for connecting such subscribers circuits
in different groups, at one end to a common ground or return connection and at the
other end to a wire leading to a station outside of such central station, such that
between such wire and such common ground or return connection an unbroken
path shall lie through one only of such subscribers circuits.
35. In combination with means for sending to line alternating impulses, meaus
for causing any one of such impulses to be an induced impulse or a weak or strong
battery impulse as desired, substantially as hereinbefore described.
36. A series of electric circuits or branch circuits, each containing one or more
pair of relay contacts actuated by devices under the control of the successive
impulses traversing such circuits or branch circuits, such that any impulse
traversing any one of such circuits or branch circuits shall cause at its cessation
the opening of that circuit or branch circuit just traversed and the closing of the
next circuit in the series.
37. A series of electric circuits or branch circuits each containing one or more
pair of relay contacts actuated by devices under the control of the successive main
line impulses causing correspondingly successive relayed impulses to traverse such
circuits or branch circuits, such that any of such main line impulses shall cause at
its cessation the opening of that circuit or branch circuit just traversed by a relay
impulse and the closing of the next circuit or branch circuit in the series.
38. In a telegraphic system, at any one station therein, two receiving
instruments or magnets, each located in a separate electric circuit or branch
circuit, and in series with a separate pair of main line relay contacts, one pair of
such relay contacts controlled by mechanism actuated by weak currents, the other
pair of such relay contacts controlled by mechanism actuated only by stronger
impulses, but not actuated by impulses sufficient to actuate the mechanism
controlling such one pair of relay contacts, and a current distributor located
between such main line relays and such receiving instruments or magnets, such
distributor making connection with corresponding ones of a series of receiving
instruments synchronously with corresponding main line impulses.
39. In a telegraphic system, at any station therein, two receiving instruments

page_text: or magnets, each located in a separate electric circuit or branch circuit and in
series with a separate pair of main line relay contacts, one pair of such relay
contacts controlled by mechanism actuated only by positive impulses or currents,
the other pair of relay contacts controlled by mechanism actuated only by negative
impulses or currents, and a distributor located between such relay contacts and
such receiving instruments or magnets; such distributor making connection with
corresponding ones of a series of receiving instruments synchronously with corre-
sponding main line impulses.
40. In a telegraphic system, at any station therein, four receiving instruments
or magnets, each located in a separate electric circuit or branch circuit and in
series with a separate pair of main line relay contacts, two of such pair of relay
contacts controlled by mechanism actuated only by positive impulses or currents
and the other two of such pair of relay contacts controlled by mechanism actuated
only by negative impulses or currents, two pairs of such relay contacts controlled
by mechanism actuated by feeble or weak impulses or currents insufficient to
actuate the mechanism controlling another pair of such relay contacts, such last
named two pair of such relay contacts controlled by mechanism actuated only by a
stronger impulses or currents and a distributor located between such relay contacts
and such receiving instruments or magnets, such distributor making connection
with corresponding ones of a series of receiving instruments synchronously with
corresponding main line impulses, substantially as herein described.
Dated the 21th dow of December 1895
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.