IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL."- A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1858.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in a certain novel combination of tubes and
drawing rollers, and means of operating said rollers, by which the processes of
drawing and twisting can be performed simultaneously, or either of these
processes separately, and by which when the two processes are combined great
convenience is afforded for varying the relative degrees of draft and twist to
suit various lengths and qualities of fibre. For effecting this object the roving
is passed from the upper drawing or feeding rollers down through two pipes or
tubes placed one within the other, and having a separate rotary motion com-
municated to them by means of bands passed round pullies mounted on the
ends of the tubes. To the lower end of the inner tube are attached bearings,
in which are mounted two toothed drawing rollers, which take hold of and

page_text: draw the roving through the tube. These rollers are carried round with the
inner tube, but have a rotary motion on their own axes communicated to them
by causing the teeth of one of them to take into a convolute groove made in
the face of the lower pulley which is attached to the outer tube. The drawing
and twisting motions being independent of each other, may of course be used
separately, if desired. The twisted and drawn roving is subsequently wound
on a bobbin mounted on a spindle and caused to rotate so as to take up the
yarn.
Another part of the Invention consists in making the whole of that part of
a drawing and twisting or spinning frame which carries the back drawing
rollers and the rollers or their equivalents on which the roving to be drawn
and twisted or spun is contained, adjustable vertically, so as to enable the
distance between the back and front drawing rollers on both sides of a double
frame to be regulated according to the length of staple, and yet preserve the
proper relation between the back drawing rollers and the roller or its
equivalent which contains the roving.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time-agree-with,-and-no-others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING AND TWISTING WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIAL," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument
in writing under my band and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
This Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Drawing and Twisting
Wool or other Fibrous Material" consists, firstly, in a certain novel com-
bination of tubes and drawing rollers, and means of operating such rollers, by
which the processes of drawing and twisting can be performed simultaneously
or either of these processes separately, and by which, when the two processes
are combined, great. convenience is afforded for varying the relative degrees of
draft and twist to suit various lengths and qualities of fibre.
Another part of the Invention consists in making the whole of that part of
a drawing and twisting or spinning frame which carries the back drawing
rollers, and the rollers or their equivalents on which the roving to be drawn
and twisted or spun is contained, adjustable vertically, so as to enable the
distance between the back and front drawing rollers on both sides of a double
frame to be regulated according to the length of staple, and yet preserve the
proper relation between the back drawing rollers and the roller or its
equivalent which contains thé roving.
The improvements are illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which
Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical section of a spinning frame, having the improve-
ments applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. In these
views all parts not necessary to illustrate the Invention are omitted. Fig. 3
is a vertical central section, and Fig. 4 is an inverted plan of those parts of the
machine which constitute the first part of the Invention, drawn on a larger
scale than Figures 1 and 2. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts wherever they occur in the several Figures.
A, A, Figures 1 and 2, are the end standards of the frame, and which are
united and stayed by the rails B, B, C, C, D, D, and E, E. F*, F*, are the
spindles, which may be either of the "ring" or "flyer" kind; they are supported
on the step rails B, B, and work in the guide rails C, C. H, H, H', are the
back drawing rollers, extending the whole length of the frame to hold the
rovings while they are drawn by the greater velocity of the rollers to be
herein-after described. Above each spindle the rail E contains a bush or

page_text: bearing a to receive a tube F (Figures 1 and 3), which is provided at its
lower end with a grooved pulley b, the length of the tube above the pulley b
being just sufficient for its lower end to be flush with or a trifle above the top
of the bearing a.
The tube F is bored truly to receive a tube G, which fits to
turn freely within it. This tube G is made with a shoulder c around the
lower part of its exterior, and its length above the shoulder is sufficient to
enable it to protrude far enough through the tube F when inserted from the
bottom thereof to receive a grooved pulley d, which is put on after its
insertion, and which, when keyed or otherwise tightly secured to the tube G,
confines both tubes in the rail E, but leaves them free to rotate independently
of each other in either direction. The interior of the tube is made conical
and largest at its upper end, but below its mouth or lower end. The tube has
formed upon or secured to it two plates e, e, between which are received a pair
of grooved drawing rollers f, f¹, which are fitted to rotate freely on two
axles g, g, inserted through the side plates. The axles g, g, are at right angles
to the axis of the tube G, and they are so arranged that the rollers f, f', will
draw a roving through the tube G. The rollers f, f', are toothed across their
faces, so as to engage with each other like cog wheels, so that one may derive
rotary motion from the other; but the teeth are rounded, and do not engage
with each other so deeply as to cut or injure the roving. The object of
making the rollers with teeth is, that they may derive the rotary motion on
their axles necessary to effect the drawing of the roving, by one of them, f¹,
gearing into a groove h, h, of convolute form (shown in Figures 3 and 4) on
the lower side of the pulley b, or on a plate attached to the said pulley
when the tube F rotates independently of and at a different velocity to G.
And in order that one only of these rollers may gear into the groove, the
roller is made larger in diameter than the roller f. Only one spindle and
its corresponding set of tubes F, G, and drawing rollers f, f, are shown on
each side of the frame, as that is sufficient to explain the Invention, but any
convenient number can be arranged side by side. I is the adjustable portion
of the frame, which carries the two sets of back drawing rollers H, H, H', and
also the rollers J, J, and-K,-K.;_the_former of which J, J, carry the roving to
be drawn and twisted and rest on the rollers K, K, from which they derive
motion by friction. This frame is supported by four upright screws L, L, L, L,
of the same pitch, which work through a corresponding number of nuts
M, M, M, M, which rest on the end standards A, A. The parts of the screws
L, L, below the nuts pass freely through holes in the standards. By turning
the nuts M, M, in one direction, the screws L, L, L, L, are caused to rise,
and by turning them in the opposite direction the said screws are permitted to

page_text: descend. In order that the screws may all be turned the same distance, and
the adjustable portion I of the frame raised and lowered at all parts alike, the
nuts M, M, M, M, have worm wheels secured to them or formed upon them,
and the two at each end of the frame are geared with short endless screws j,j,
on one of two shafts N, N, that work in bearings k, k, secured to the standards
A, A. The shafts N, N, are each furnished with a worm wheel to gear with
one of two endless screws m, m, on a shaft P which works in bearings in the
standards A, A. By turning this shaft P, all the screws are worked at once,
and the adjustable portion I of the framing with the rollers H, H, H³, J, J,
and K, K, is raised and lowered, and the distance between the back drawing
rollers H, H, H', and the front drawing rollers f, f, is adjusted to suit the
length of staple.
Qis the main shaft of the machine from which motion is communicated to
the several working parts; R is the drum for driving the spindles and receiving
motion from Q through a belt n, and pulleys p and q (Fig. 2,) and gives
motion to the spindles in the usual manner by belts r, r; S is the shaft for
driving the tubes F, F, by means of the pulleys s, s, from which belts t, t, run
to the pulleys b, b, on the tubes F; T is the shaft for driving the tubes G, G,
and carries pulleys u, u, from which belts run to the pulleys d, d, on the tubes
G, G; the two shafts S, T, are driven by belts v, vl, running to their pullies
w and a from pulleys y and zon two short shafts U, V, which are driven by
belts 5, 6, running round their cone pulleys W and X, from cone pulleys Y
and Z on the main shaft Q. The cone pulleys permit of the relative speed of
the tubes F and G being varied to vary the relative degrees of twist and draft;
8 is a band running from a pulley 7 on the main shaft to a pulley 9 on the
adjustable portion I of the frame, and driving the latter pulley which carries
a spur gear 16, which by a suitable train of spur gearing 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
drives the back drawing rollers H, HI, H', and feed roller K. The adjustable
portion I of the frame having been adjusted by turning the shaft P, in the man-
ner herein-before explained, and the belts 5 and 6 adjusted to give the proper
velocity of revolution to the tubes F, G, relatively to each other and to the
rollers H, H, H', to produce the requisite relative degrees of draft and twist,
the ends of the rovings are brought from the roller K, between the rollers
H, H, and H, through the tube G, and between the rollers f, f', and thence
to the spindles F*, F*, and all is ready for operation. Rotary motion then
being imparted to the main shaft Q, the movements of the several parts of the
machine, in the manner already described cominence, and the operations of
drawing and twisting are produced simultaneously; the twist being produced
near the back and front drawing rollers (where the draft is produced) by the

page_text: rotary motion of the tube G, which carries the front drawing rollers f, f', and
the draft being produced by the velocity of the rollers f, f', being greater than
that of the rollers H, H, H¹, the velocity of the said rollers f. f, depending
upon the difference in velocity between the tubes F and G, which causes the
teeth of the roller f to work in the convolute groove h. The draft and twist
thus produced in this machine prepares the rovings for the operation of the
spindles F*, F*, but the same combination of tubes F, G, toothed rollers f, f¹,
and convolute groove h, may be used in combination with the back rollers
H, H, H, or their equivalents, in a machine without spindles for drawing and
twisting fibrous materials or for either drawing or twisting alone. When
drawing alone is required, the tube G will be kept stationary, and the rollers
ff, caused to rotate on their axles g, g, at a velocity to produce the requisite
draft by the revolution of the tube F, and consequent action of the convolute
groove on the roller f. When twisting alone is required, both tubes F, G,
are set in motion, but the relative velocity must be such as to produce a motion
of the rollers f, f¹, on their axes just fast enough to take up the roving as fast
as it is supplied.
Having now described the Invention of "Improvements in Machinery
for Drawing and Twisting Wool or other Fibrous Material," for which I
obtained Letters Patent as aforesaid, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, as communicated to me by my foreign corre-
spondent, I claim the combination of the tubes F and G, the toothed drawing
rollers, and the convolute groove h, for the purpose of effecting the draft and
twist simultaneously, or either of these operations alone. I also claim making
the upper part of the frame which carries the back drawing rollers and the
rollers or their equivalents which carry the roving, to be drawn and twisted,
adjustable vertically, as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)