IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS;
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy, of the City of
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Mecanician, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS;"
Sealed the 1st November 1870, and dated the 10th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernard Hippolyte-
Chameroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his
Petition on the 10th May 1870.
I, BERNARD HIPPOLYTE CHAMEROY, of the City of Brussels, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Mecanician, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Cocks," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of cocks used in the discharge and drawing off of fluids, whereby they'
are rendered, by means of an intermittent action, self-stopping, thus
regulating the supply and preventing waste.

page_text: The nature of this Invention will be clearly understood by reference
to the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section; A is the shell of the cock; B, the
key C, the plug; D, the piston; E, the washer; F, screw nut;
G, G', G", india-rubber packing; H, india-rubber or caoutchouc; I,
screw fixing the india-rubber or caoutchouc to the piston; J, circular
chamber of the shell of the cock; K, K¹, K", channel of communication
between the plug and the outlet of the cock; L, the orifice by which
the water enters; M, the opening to admit water into the key; N, N¹,
outlet from the key and the shell; O, the internal orifice of the key.
The action of the various parts will be readily understood from the
following description:-The water flows in through the orifice or
channel L, passes into the circular chamber J, and from thence into
the key B; it then runs off through the outlet of the cock N. As the
water runs off the piston D descends slowly, and finally closes the
opening M in the key of the cock, thus arresting the discharge without
any shock, for, the opening being gradually narrowed, the volume of
water is proportionally lessened. The piston descends to. within about
one-sixteenth of an inch of the seat of the opening O, when a reaction
takes place at, its upper part, and the pressure, being thereby increased,
the said orifice Ọ is the more effectually closed. During the descent
of the piston D a certain quantity of water dependant on the size of
the cock and the pressure will have been discharged. To obtain a
further supply the key, need only be turned in the reverse direction, by
doing which the communication between the orifices O, N, and N³, the
outlet of the cock is cut off, but that between K, K', and K", N is
opened. An instantaneous reaction takes place on the piston, forcing
it to the upper part of the key B, thereby closing the orifice which
communicated with L, M. The piston will have been raised by the small
quantity of water passed through the passages L, M, K, K', K", N, and
as soon as the piston touches the plug C the said passages are closed by
the pressure on the, lower end of the piston D. By simply replacing the
key in its original position a fresh supply of water is obtained. To
prevent any shock during the outflow of the water, in the case of the
key being turned too quickly, the outlet in the key at the point Nis
made either oval or. lozenge. shaped. This part of, the, said Invention is
applicable to cocks in general, whether the orifice be made in the key,
or shell of the cock.

page_text: Figure 2 represents a modified arrangement: A, A, A, is the body.
of the cock; B, B, plate or cover screwed on to A, A; C, knob by
which motion is given to the cock; D, D, a two-way cock; E, a
diaphragm of caoutchouc; F, F¹, double action piston; G, G³, caout-
chouc washers for closing the openings; H, channel of communication
between the orifice O¹ and the key of the cock D; H', orifice of the
cock D; H", channel between the key and the opening O; I, channel
between the upper and lower parts of the piston; J, small orifice
to regulate the outflow of water according to the pressure; K, plug;
L, L, grooves to facilitate the passage of the water according to
the position of the openings in the caoutchouc; M, cushion or seat of
caoutchouc.
The action of these various parts will be readily understood from the
following description:-
To obtain a given quantity of water, place the opening D of the
cock in the position shewn in the Drawing, the water flowing in
through Q. The pressure on the piston is the same on both ends of it;
the water flowing through the channels O, H, H¹; and O, O¹. The
pressure acts on the lower part F; and causes the piston to descend;
but in so doing the piston F; F1, closes the opening O', for the washer G
rests on the seat of the orifice O¹, and a pressure is exerted by H; H²;
upon the piston F. To obtain, therefore, a fresh supply of water, the
key of the cock D must be so turned that the opening H is in còn-
nection with H and O. By doing this, pressure in the opposite
direction is brought to bear on the piston F, which, instead of having to
bear the entire pressure, by its larger surface it draws after it the piece F¹
which closes the opening O", and so long as the cock is left in this
position no water will flow from it for the reason that the orifices I, J¹;
H', O, are under atmospheric pressure: Should it be desired that a larger
quantity of water be delivered at each intermittent action of the cock,
it will suffice, the piston having descended, to turn the cock, so as to cut
off communication either with H and H', or with H³ and H". The piston
then reascends slowly until the water, which is at its upper surface,
shall have run off by the orifice J. By this arrangement. á greater
volume of water is obtained. It will, therefore, be readily understood
that whether it be the upper or the lower part of the piston which
closes the orifices 0 and O" the flow of water is stopped, and under
any circumstances, in order to obtain a further supply, the picce C

page_text: communicating with the key D must be moved. The cushion of
caoutchouc M serves when. the piston closes the orifice O¹ to stop the
communication I, J, and O¹, so that there should be no continuous
flow of water.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BERNARD
HIPPOLYTE CHAMEROY, of the City of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Mechanician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy, Her special licence
that I, the said Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Bernard Hippolyte
Chameroy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might |
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:

page_text: My said Invention consists in new arrangements and apparatus for
obtaining an intermittent flow of fluids, and whereby the misappro-
priation and waste of water in cities or in establishments in which
water has to be distributed is prevented, and considerable profit obtained
from the saving effected and from the prevention of the flooding of
buildings and the bursting of pipes, accidents which frequently occur
with the apparatus ordinarily in use.
My said Invention admits of several modifications, all of which,
however, come within the scope and principles thereof, and the same
will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed Drawings and
the following descriptions:-
In Figure 1 in the annexed Drawings, A is the seat of the cock;
B, the key; C, the plug; D, the piston; E, the washer; F, the screw
to tighten the key; G, G, G, washers used as packing; I, the under
side of the piston; D, J, the circular chamber; K², K², openings for the
passage of the water; L, inlet passage; M, passage from the chamber
J to the interior of the key B; N, outlet passage; N', opening of a
lozenge or oval form to deaden the shock of the water; O is the seat of
the key.
The apparatus works in the following manner :-The water enters at
L, passes through J, enters the opening M, and goes from N¹ to N, the
outlet of the cock. During the outflow of the water the piston D
descends slowly, a space being left to allow of its so doing between the
side of the piston D and the inner part of the key B, its own weight
carries it down, and the water which was at the lower end passes to its
upper part, but when the descent is completed it is closely stopped by
reason of the pressure to which it is subjected. The piston D having
closed the opening N the key B must in order to obtain a fresh supply
of water be turned in such a manner as to bring the opening K into
communication with K". A contrary effect of pressure then takes place,
and the water finds an outflow through the openings M, K', K, K². The
piston D is carried up towards the upper part, and the packing K² then
closes the orifice K', and the flow of the water is again interrupted, for
the key being closed, the opening N¹ is no longer in front of the outlet M.
It will then suffice to give the key half a turn to obtain a fresh supply of
water. The outflow of the apparatus may be regulated by giving the
piston more or less play, by which means its descent will be faster.or
slower, and will correspond with the volume of water required, which

page_text: '
L
b.
may be varied at pleasure. When once regulated the apparatus will
give very nearly, whatever may be the pressure, the same quantity of
water at each intermittent action.
Figure 2 represents a somewhat different arrangement from that last
described, inasmuch as the piston D instead of working in the key B, as
in Figure 1, works in the seat A, the key B, which is worked by hand,
being placed at the lower part of the body of the cock, and serves to
distribute the fluid through the orifices K, K¹, and also to stop the flow
and to give motion to the piston in the same manner as in Figure 1,
where the relative positions of the orifices N, N¹, and the key are the
same.
Figure 3 shews another modification, the piston D moving in the body
of the cock, and instead of the key B being. at the bottom of the seat
or shell, and serving as a seat to the piston, it is completely independent.
Irrespective of this difference the working of the apparatus is the same
as in the Figures previously described.
Figure 4 represents another modification. Instead of being acted
upon by the water. it receives motion from a cam E, which is fixed at
the end of the key B so long as the opening of the key remains open.
This cam does not act upon the piston, but as soon as the opening is
closed and the turning of the key is continued the piston D rises, and at
one point it is not touched by the cam. The orifice is re-opened and a
new supply of water flows out, which may be stopped at pleasure before
the descent of the piston.
The arrangement shewn in Figure 5 differs from the others, inasmuch
as instead of having a key the same result is obtained by the lever E,
which acts on the clack valve F, which when closed allows a passage
to be formed for the water through the orifices K, the piston rises,
touches the opening of the valve, and at the same time the piece which
serves as a double seat to the latter, when it rises or falls; the difference
between the diameter of the upper part D and D¹ produces a perfect
joint, the pressure being greater on D than on D', the packing of D'
being therefore acted upon.
Figure 6 represents another arrangement by which the same result is
produced, but working by means of a plug E, which allows of a passage
of the water through the opening K, causing the piston D to rise and
carry with it the piston D'. If constant weight is applied to the plug
the piston D will remain fixed to the opening of the valve, the pressure

page_text: maintaining it in that position. When the piston D is lowered on to-its,
seat the cock is closed, the piston having descended by its own weight;
the plug E must be then liberated, and the piston D descends rapidly,
the openings in it O, O, accelerating its fall. If pressure is again exerted
upon the plug the pistons reascend and the same result is reproduced;
the piston D descends slowly, there being no longer any current in the
contrary direction so long as the plug continues to be acted upon. This
form of the apparatus. is regulated in the same manner as those
previously described.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 7 the key is differently formed
for the purpose of obtaining a central jet or stream through I, I, I, I³.
The key opens a communication as in Figure 2, through the openings K¹
and K³, but the piston D instead of sliding in a cylindrical part is fixed,
and carried with a diaphragm D', and when the communications are
opened the orifices I, I³, and I³, are unclosed; the diaphragm D' by its
elasticity replaces it in its original position, and it then rests on the key,
which it closes hermetically. The descent will be the slower as the
orifice L will be smaller, inasmuch as the water in the lower part
must ascend to the upper part of the diaphragm, passing through the
orifice L.
The arrangement represented in Figure 8 is applicable to hydrants,
stand pipes for watering, and waterclosets. The piston ascends in the
same manner as in the arrangement shewn in Figure 6. The piece E is
moveable on the plug H. For stand pipes for watering it will suffice to
have a cord F, the length of the watering tube attached to the lever G,
and each time this lever is acted upon the apparatus will stop, thereby
completely preventing the water from running away uselessly. The
application of this form of the apparatus to hydrants is very simple, it
being only necessary to press on the plug H by means of a stud
working vertically from the outside of the hydrant, when the spindle of
the clack valve being acted upon the apparatus will work. Any other
similar and suitable arrangement will produce the same result.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and there-
fore claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent arc, the combination and arrangement

page_text: of parts and mechanism, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before set forth and described, or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernard Hippolyte Chameroy, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
BERNARD HIPPOLYTE CHAMEROY. (L.S.)