An Improved Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Power or Motion.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 9th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Power or
Motion.
I, CARL PORGES, of No. 8 Kaiser Strasse, Vienna, Austria, Captain in the
Imperial and Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of my invention of
"AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMITTER," to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an hydraulic power transmitter, the essential novel parts
of which cousist therein, that the transmitting fluid charge in the service is preferably
kept continuously under pressure and that the transmission and application of the
hydraulic force is not effected by means of pistons but by the extension and
contraction of the parts made preferably of sheet metal and which I denominate the
pressure heads or plates.
These pressure heads or plates consist of cells with flexible walls, which expand
or contract according to whether the pressure is exerted from the interior or exterior.
When several such cells are combined, they are so arranged that the fluid can pass
from the one cell into the other. It is evident that in this manner the manifold
movement of a single cell can be attained. The cells are often reduced to simple
flexible plates, which can be smooth or corrugated and more or less bent inwards or
outwards. In some cases it may appear desirable to provide the pressure heads or
plates with stiffening plates. It will be evident that as soon as the internal pressure
exceeds the exterior pressure, the said pressure heads must be extended. The cause
of this excessive pressure can be :-
The compression of one or more pressure heads by external pressure.
The increase in volume of the body enclosed in the service by the application
of heat.
The bodies term in the following parts of this Specification "expansion bodies."
Instead of using special expansion bodies the fluid charge can be heated or brought
to the boiling point.
If the internal pressure is less than the exterior, the pressure heads will be
moved towards each other, or contracted. The cause of contraction can result
from,
(-
The extension of one or more pressure heads.
The decrease in volume of the expansion bodies and the consequent atmos-
pheric or other pressure, which can be increased or decreased by appropriate
devices.
The latter devices I term the "counter presser," which can eventually act
contractingly, for instance for decreasing the exterior atmospheric or other pressure.
The operation of the pressure heads can be attained by equalizing the pressure in
the interior with the exterior pressure, by making an opening in the wall of
one of the service pipes. If in this case a counter presser is used the pressure
heads are compressed when the counter presser presses, but will be extended when
it acts suctionally.
If it is desired to have the expansion body act independently of the transmitting
fluid, this can be attained by the pressure heads being arranged in the service in
which the expansion body causes the changes in pressure. The expansion body is
enclosed in a chamber inserted in the service. If the said expansion body is caused
to expand the pressure heads or organ will be compressed and in consequence the
pressure head extended. The movement of a pressure head or plate can be attained
by connecting or coupling the pressure head of the one system to a second system.
These pressure heads must be so connected by a coupling that they perform their
movement simultaneously, the services being held in unchangeable distance. In

page_text: this manner, it is possible to use a system composed of several parts and connect
the same to branches. A coupling for pressure but not for suction can also be used
if desired.
A coupling for transmitting pressure and suction can, if necessary or desired, also
be employed, and possesses the novelty that a rotation around the longitudinal axis
can be carried out. Each arrangement which permits of such a movement allows of
joints being made in the service. Three rotary coupling joints can be combined
which permit of any desired movement. A hydraulic power transmission is made
possible through a movable construction by means of joints. A rotary construction
can also be used when desired.
If the pressure
I will now mention some auxiliary and increasing constructions.
head is guided on a straight line it is recommended to apply a tubular guide
provided with several slots, grooves or borings, in order that the transmitting fluid
can enter the pressure heads without hindrance. If great pressure is exerted and
the thicker sheet metal is not flexible enough, several sheets of metal can be laid
above each other or be arranged with intermediate layers of fluid. A pressure head
can be used in which the extension of the walls of the cells beyond the boundaries
of elasticity is prevented by the same coming in contact with exterior or interior
rigid walls. If the service runs from a higher to a lower point the weight of the
fluid column or a part of the same can be neutralised by a counter presser. A
counter presser of this kind can be arranged in each coupling point. In one case a
counterweight can be used, in which the counter pressure is transferred by means
of a power transmitter. The counter pressure is produced by compressed air
contained in a suitable space, the pressure being regulated by an appropriate
screw. The increasing or decreasing of the action of the pressure transmission can
be readily attained.
In reference to the charge in the service it must be remarked that when the
arrangement of the power transmitted does not admit of the fluid charge being
simply poured in, an ordinary pump can be used, or air pumps or alternate heating
and cooling can also be employed as known to any expert. Of the manifold
purposes to which my invention can be applied I will now proceed to describe a
few, but particularly wish it to be understood that I by no means confine myself to
the application of my invention to such given purposes alone, as my said invention
can be employed in all cases where pneumatic or hydraulic pressure is used with
equal advantage.
My improved device is specially adapted for operating, closing and opening
devices, such as valves, cocks, slides, flaps, doors, electric currents, catches, bolts
and the like, for shorter and longer distances. By operating I mean fully opening
or closing or regulating to a central position.
If my improved device is to be used in an air-tight room or space the ordinary
stuffing boxes can be omitted, as the service pipe can be made a fixture, thus causing
a great saving. By means of my device it is rendered easy to compensate for
variations in pressure in valve casings, and as the metallic sheets are of exactly the
same size, they compensate perfectly for any variation in pressure in the interior of
the casing. The same can be attained by using two symmetrical pressure heads
containing several cells. Besides the counter presser a short presser containing an
air bag can be used, which acts as air cushion, the counter presser being regulated
by a screw.
My improved device can also be employed for causing objects to rotate. If a
pressure device has several pressure plates and one of them is placed in a certain
position the other plates can be operated from the same. In this manner it is
possible to transmit certain signs or appearances for a considerable distance, such
for instance, as the position of an indicator or hand, which is brought into com-
munication with the pressure head. If the main pressure plate or head makes
rythmic movement, the device can be so arranged that this is transmitted to all
the other plates or diaphragms and thus produces a manner for controlling clocks
and the like.

page_text: If the rotations of a machine are to be counted or indicated at a distance from
the same it is only necessary to convert the rotary into a reciprocating movement
by crank or eccentric, and transmit the movement to the pressure plate or head,
the plate at the other end of the service will make the like movement, and when
the reciprocating movements are counted, the same will show the number of
revolutions of the machine. If desired the transmitted reciprocating movements
can be converted into rotary movement.
If desired my device can also be used for operating pumps and the like. For
instance, if a steam engine has to drive several machine tools and it is desired to
give more steam in the moment when a fresh machine is set in operation, this can
be effected by my device, the pressure plates being so connected to the engaging
lever of the machine tool that the same can be operated.
If in effecting this operation one pressure plate is extended the plate at the
opposite end of the service will be contracted or drawn in, the steam slide moved,
and the steam outlet increased. The steam slide can also be moved by hand. A.
second slide can be arranged in the steam slide, the position of which depends on
the movement of the governor, so that more steam is admitted when the governor
moves slowly and rice versa. The second slide moves the plate of the device,
the movement of the other plate or head of which depends on the sleeve of the
governor.
Apart from this adjustment the second slide moves simultaneously with the first,
and for this purpose the service is provided with a joint. The said service can
be provided with joint or flexible parts in order that the hydraulic action
of the device can be employed for adjusting, clongating or shortening according
to desire.
My improved hydraulic power transmitter can also be applied to steam
reducing valves with great advantage. If the steam pressure is on that side of the
valve where the pressure plate is arranged, the latter will be indented as soon as
the steam exceeds a certain pressure, the valve opening will be decreased and the
pressure reduced. A great advantage will also be attained by employing my
improved device for automatically operating opening and closing devices for rooms
or other places, where the temperature is not to exceed certain limits.
The expansion bodies which cause the movement are fluids which will boil as
soon as a certain temperature is exceeded, or vapours which condense as soon as
the temperature sinks below the normal. A second vessel will be provided in order
to prevent the too rapid operation of the opening and closing device. The surface
can consist of a system of fine tubes arranged in the aforementioned room or space.
Appropriate fluids should be employed, which do not decompose by the temperatures
employed and have no bad effects on the walls of the vessels; hydro-carbons have
been found to answer the purpose excellently.
My device can also be employed for opening or closing one or more water valves,
or for closing electric currents, and can be used as safety device in case of fire in
combination with automatic acting extinguishing and alarm devices. The service
can be coupled or provided with branches as desired.
If the device is connected to an electric apparatus a disk or the like will be
caused to fall as in ordinary telegraphic systems, and denote which part of the
apparatus has been operated. The entire service can be filled with a certain fluid,
which boils at a given temperature, so that the entire service is sensitive against
warmth. If it is desired to keep the automatic device in action after the fire has
been extinguished a brake device can be applied. My device can be so arranged
for constant currents that it can immediately be seen where the excessive
temperature occurred, as will be more particularly described in the final
Specification.
My device can also be employed for automatically turning off the gas for preventing
the escape of same.
An arm
can be so applied to the burner that the heat
connected to the same will act on the fluid in the service, or a special heating
device can be employed. The heating device can be applied to any kind of burners.

page_text: The application of expansion bodies for operating my device enables me to regulate
the temperature for rooms, baths and the like. As mentioned above my device can
be employed for operating all kinds of valves. For ventilating purposes the device
can be arranged to open the regulating device as soon as a certain temperature has
been exceeded. By appropriately arranging my device a series of temperatures
can be regulated from one apparatus.
It may be remarked in general that that part of the service which comes in
contact with the heating body must contain a fluid which will not boil by the
ordinary temperature of the heating. body. In the device as mentioned the adjust-
ment occurs by starts, in order to prevent which a counter presser can be employed,
such as a spring and the like, the action of which increases with the extension of
the pressure plate or head. The counter presser can act to expand or contract as
may be found most expedient, and as aforementioned, the pressure can be regulated
by means of a screw.
As the pressure head or plate, on which the expansion body acts, is only a part
of the entire apparatus, this part can be uncoupled and replaced by a different kind
of expansion body to suit requirements.
In this manner it is possible with only one apparatus and different kinds of
In
expansion bodies to regulate various temperatures and keep the same constant.
order that the heating flame may be entirely extinguished a small extra supply pipe
can be employed. The temperature regulator can also be employed for other
purposes, for instance, ranges or can be arranged above open flames. A device for
ranges can be so constructed that as soon as the heat becomes excessive the device
will be operated and the vessel raised, thereby allowing a current of air to flow
beneath the same, thus reducing the warmth in the vessel. If the temperature
sinks below the level the vessel containing the expansion bodies will also sink. My
If the
temperature regulator can also be applied to petroleum stoves or heaters.
vessel containing the expansion bodies should be injured a device can be so arranged
that this will be indicated.
My device can also be provided with a signalling device, so that as soon as the
outer wall is injured a weight will sink and electric current be made, or an alarm
apparatus can be set in operation. If a part of the device is provided with double
walls it can also be made to act as fire alarm.
Similar devices for signalling fire can also be employed with the other afore-
mentioned devices. In any case arrangements can be so made that as soon as any
part is damaged, a signal will be given. It must be remarked that the opening in
the walls of the service can be provided with movable closing arrangements, so that
fluids, gases or steam can be charged in or allowed to escape as may be found most
expedient. It will also be evident that the device can be operated by opening one
of these charging appliances.
In conclusion I desire it to be particularly understood that I do not by any means
confine myself to the application of my improved hydraulic power transmitter to
the devices herein specified, as the same can be employed with other similar devices
with like good result.
Dated this 4th day of Lune 1800
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Hydraulic Apparatus for Transmitting Power
-or-Motion™
I, CARL PORGES, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, 8, Kaiser Strasse,
Captain in the Imperial and Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a hydraulic labour, pressure or power transmitter for å

page_text: operating stopping or closing devices (valves, slides, electric contacts etc.). The
essentially novel parts of the device consist in the service g, the fluid charge, the
pressure heads b and the closing or coupling device v.
:
=
These pressure heads consist of cells with flexible walls m which expand or
contract according to whether the pressure is exerted from the interior or exterior.
When several such cells are combined, they are so arranged that the fluid can
pass from the one cell into the other. It is evident that in this manner the manifold
movement of a single cell can be attained. The walls of the cells generally consist
of flexible plates or membranes which can be smooth or corrugated and more or
less bent inwards or outwards. In some cases it may appear desirable to provide
the pressure heads with stiffening plates . It is evident that as soon as the internal
pressure exceeds the exterior pressure, the pressure heads must be extended. The
cause of this excessive pressure can be:
a) The increase in volume of the body e (Fig. 1) enclosed in the service g by the
application of heat.
b) The compression of one or more pressure heads (Fig. 1) by external
pressure.
The bodies I term in the following parts of this Specification "expansion bodies."
Instead of using special expansion bodies the fluid charge can be heated or
brought to the boiling point. If the internal pressure is less than the exterior, the
pressure heads will be moved towards each other or contracted. The cause of
contraction can result from:
a) The decrease in volume of the expansion bodies e and the consequent outer
atmospheric or other pressure, which can be increased or decreased by appropriate
devices.
6) The extension of one or more pressure heads .
The object of the latter device, which I term the "counter presser e" (Fig. 2)
is to allow same to eventually act contractingly, for instance, for decreasing the
exterior atmospheric or other pressure. This can also be accomplished by a spring
the interior presser e arranged inside the bodies (Fig. 2). The operation of the
pressure heads can be attained by equalizing the pressure in the interior with the
exterior pressure by making an opening in the wall of one of the service pipes. If,
in this case, a counter presser is used the pressure. heads are compressed when the
counter presser presses, but will be extended when it acts suctionally or an interior
presser is used.
If the expansion body e is to act independently of the transmitting fluid, this
can be attained by the pressure heads being arranged wholly or partially in
the service g, in which the expansion body e causes the changes in pressure, as
shown in Fig. 2. The expansion body e is enclosed in a chamber inserted in
the service. If the expansion body is caused to expand, the pressure heads
or organs will be compressed and in consequence the pressure head extended.
The movement of a pressure head or plate can be attained by connecting or coupling
the pressure head of the one system to a second system, as shown in Figs. 3 and 34.
The pressure heads must be so connected by the coupling & that they perform their
movement simultaneously, the services g, g', being held in unchangeable distance.
In this manner it is possible to use a system composed of several parts and to
connect the same to branches.
I will now proceed to mention some auxiliary and increasing constructions. If
great pressure is exerted and the thicker metal is not flexible enough, several
sheets of metal can be laid above each other or be arranged with intermediate
layers of fluid. If the plate m of the pressure heads (Fig. 4) is heavily
weighted with an external force P, the transmission of this pressure may be
effected by means of plates of decreasing sizes arranged one on the other.
renders the employment of thin plates possible even when P is considerably great,
without effecting the flexibility of the plate.
This
Fig. 5 represents a pressure head in which the extension of the walls of the

page_text: cells m beyond the boundaries of elasticity is prevented by the same coming in
contact with exterior or interior rigid walls.
If the service run from a higher to a lower point, the weight of the fluid
column or a part of the same can be neutralised by a counter presser c. A. counter
presser of this kind can also be arranged in each coupling point (Figs. 3 and 34).
One method is a counterweight c, (Fig. 3) and another to which the counter
presser is transferred by means of a power transmitter, Fig. 34. The counter
pressure is produced by compressed air contained in a suitable space a, the pressure
being regulated by an appropriate screw.
With reference to the charge in the service it must be remarked that when
the arrangement of the power transmitter cannot admit of the fluid charge being
simply poured in or allowed to flow in, an ordinary pump can be used or air pumps
or alternate heating and cooling can be used as known to any expert. Of the
manifold purposes to which my invention can be applied, I will now proceed to
describe a few, but wish it to be understood that I by no means confine myself to the
application of my invention to such given purposes alone as the same can be
employed in all cases where pneumatic or hydraulic pressure is used.
My improved device is especially adapted for operating closing and opening
devices at shorter or longer distance.
It may be employed in all cases where pneumatic devices, owing to the insufficient
pressure transmitted cannot be applied. It has further the following advantage
over pneumatic constructions that in pressure systems having a liquid transmitting
body, the total pressure exerted at one point will be transmitted to any distance,
independently of the sections or capacity of the intervening vessels, owing to the
noncompressibility of the transmitting body. The increased power here present,
renders the employment of stronger plates or membranes possible, which may
be durably connected to valves etc. by means of soldering or other reliable means
of connection. By operating opening and closing devices I mean fully opening or
closing or regulating the same to a central position. If my improved service is to
be used in an air tight room or space the ordinary stuffing boxes can be saved, as
the service pipe can be made a fixture.
The hydraulic pressure action of the transmitter can, by employing appropriate
joints or flexible tubing, be used for adjusting, extending or shortening movable
constructive parts or producing an adjustment of the gearing for machines.
My pressure transmitter can be employed to great advantage for automatically
operating locking devices in case the temperature should fall or rise beyond given
Limits in certain rooms or spaces R. The expansion bodies e, which cause the
movement are fluid which, as soon as the temperature is exceeded under a given
pressure, will boil, or vapors, which will become condensed. In order that the
parts may not be set in operation before the limit of the temperature has been
reached, a free space can be left for allowing the fluid in the vessel to expand
into. As to the mode of operation it is as aforementioned in this Specification.
The action of the pressure heads is almost momentary when the fluid boils or the
vapor is condensed. It is of special advantage that the service and the vessels
can be made of any desired cross sections, which will, for instance, permit the
employment of a system of fine tubes running through the room R.
Such fluids are suited for use as expansion bodies, which under a given pressure,
will boil at the required temperature, will not become decomposed at the tem-
peratures used and do not attack the walls of the service &c. I have found
hydro-carbons to answer the purpose excellently as these offer a great selection
respecting the boiling. temperature... The boiling point is, of course, always
dependent on the action of the counter presser and can be raised or lowered by
altering the counter pressure.
Fig. represents, for instance, a device, the object of which is to open one or
more valves in the moment when, in any one part of the room R to be rendered
fire safe or the like, a certain limit is exceeded, thus producing safety device

page_text: against danger of fire with automatically acting extinguishing and alarm
devices.
If a
The large closing device V is to be opened. The system or service g may be
arranged in any desired manner (for instance with branches) in the room R.
fire breaks out anywhere in the room one part of the service will get heated and
the fluid contained in the same will boil. The pressure head will be expanded
and the smaller valve opened. Water under pressure will now enter the pipe g
leading to the main fire cock F, the pressure head B of the same will be expanded
and the valve V opened.
Figs. 7 and 8 represent devices for opening (Fig. 7) or closing (Fig. 8) an
electric contact as soon as the temperature in a room exceeds or falls below a
certain point, whereby an alarm bell may be started in danger of fire.
In this case the service must be filled with a liquid, which under the pressure
existing in the apparatus will boil or condense at certain desired temperature.
This apparatus combines the two main points of the present invention. A second
pressure head or expansion body is arranged in the apparatus.
If the membrane
of the latter body is depressed, the pressure head will expand and the contact be
closed. The latter effect is just as well attained if expansion be caused by an
increase in the temperature of the fluid. The spring simply has the purpose of
returning the membrane m' of the apparatus to its proper position, after the
same has been depressed, in case its own clasticity should be insufficient for
the purpose. The flat spiral spring c operates as interior presser." As long
as the receptacle is tight this spring will be compressed by the outer air pressure
on the membrane m.
Should however the walls spring a leak anywhere the membrane will be pressed
up and the contact closed. Thus the apparatus will give the alarm as soon as it
has become faulty.
Figs. 9 & 10 represent an automatically acting gas cock for preventing the
escape
of gas.
If the pressure transmitting service is warmed at d the steam generated will force
the fluid through the service against the pressure head, so that the valve v is
opened and the outflowing gas can be ignited. As long as the flame burns, so much
heat will be communicated to the transmitter service by the moveable or fixed
heating cap as is required to keep the steam tension in the interior higher
than the outer pressure and by pressing out the head will keep the valve open.
As soon as the flame is extinguished or goes out the transmission of warmth ceases,
the steam condenses, the pressure head is again pressed up and the valve pressed
on to its seat. If the heating cap is movably arranged and removed from the
flame, the action is the same and the flame is extinguished.
The necessary space for the expansion of the fluid is, after complete charging
and packing thereby produced, that by powerfully pressing the valve onto its seat
when the burner is cold, the metallic sheet m is somewhat bent in opposition to the
exterior pressure.
Fig. 11 represents a similar device for larger burners. As the heating of the
vessel at d with an ordinary igniting flame would take several seconds, the heating
device y is applied, consisting of a small readily heatable automatically acting gas
closer, to which gas is fed through a small gas pipe t. As the form of the parts
of the service is immaterial this safety device can be applied to any form of burner.
By employing disengaging heating caps h, the customary cocks will be in many cases
unnecessary.
The employment of an expansion body for operating the power transmitter
permits the regulating of the temperature in a heated, warned, cooled or ventilated
room, in a bath or other desired place R. The arrangement can be so made that
by means of a power transmitter a closing device can be opened or closed, or
adjusted in certain manner dependent on the temperature at R where the expansion
body e is arranged. The expansion body can be such that it will boil or be
condensed at a certain temperature.

page_text: บ
The diagrams Figs. 2 and 12 represent valves, the movement of which can be
regulated as described. If, for instance, a body (gas, fluid or steam, Fig. 2) for
warming at R passes through the valve before it heats at R, the passage of this
body will always be braked as soon as the temperature at R exceeds the boiling
temperature t of the expansion body e, the pressure head will be depressed and
through the extension of the pressure heads 62 the valve pressed onto its seat.
If a body is allowed to flow in for cooling (ventilation), the arrangement can be
such, that as soon as the temperature in R exceeds to, the valve or other device
will be opened (Fig. 12). If the temperature at R sinks below to, the valve or
other device is moved in the opposite direction. The device for regulating the in
and outlet can be arranged at any desired distance from the room to be ventilated
as the same is operated by the power transmitting service. If, as represented in
Figs. 2 and 12-14 a counter presser be employed, the boiling point of the
expansion body can be raised or lowered. In this manner one is able to regulate
an entire series of the temperatures with one and the same apparatus. Care must
be taken that that part of the service which comes in contact with the heating body
contains a fluid which will not boil at the ordinary temperature of this body. These
devices however, give only an.almost impulsive regulation, but this can be avoided
by using a counter presser, the action of which will be increased by the protrusion
of the pressure head.
This action I will describe with reference to a regulating device for a heating or
warming system, which has a spring as counter presser, Fig. 2. As soon as the
temperature rises at R and the pressure head is expanded, the compression of the
spring increases and also the counter pressure. Pressure and counter pressure
rise with the increase of the temperature at R. At the same time the outlet
opening is decreased and the heating becomes weaker. In this manner the tem-
perature and the position of the valve will vary until the heating device will only
suffice to keep the temperature at R constant.
If the counter pressure (the tension of the spring e) is raised, the passage will
be widened, a stronger heating ensues and the temperature at R rises until the
regulating device decreases the valve opening and only admits so much heating
power as is necessary for maintaining the higher temperature. If the counter
presser acts contractingly, this denotes a partial freeing of the head from the
outer air, gas or fluid pressure.
An interior presser C (Fig. 13) produces the same result. The same effect will
also be produced by the upward springing of the depressed membrane of the pressure
head.
As the transmitter on the pressure heads of which the expansion body acts direct
need only be a part of the entire apparatus, the same can, if desired, be replaced by
a like device with other expansion body. In this manner it is possible to attain
the most various temperatures and keep the same constant with only one apparatus
and several reserve parts containing various expansion bodies. If the heating body
is a combustible gas or a similar fluid, which is ignited at R, the apparatus will regulate
the size of the heating flame. In order that by perfect closure through the closing
device the heating flame at R is not extinguished, it is in such cases advantageous
to employ an extra tube. If the pressure head of the regulating transmitting
apparatus is caused to act on a closing device, so that the air inlet for draught to a
furnace can be varied, the intensity of the heating can be regulated.
If the cooling or heating body is allowed to flow in under pressure combinations
of transmitters similar to those hereinbefore described may be advantageously
employed for regulating temperatures, said power transmitters having the purpose
of operating large closing.apparatus by the movement of smaller ones (opening a
fire cock in Fig. 6).
Fig. 13 shows such combination which might be employed in cases where cooling
water enters under pressure, and thus, when the temperature rises for instance in
room R the small valve e will be opened wider whilst the outlet at ¹ will be lessened.
By this means the pressure in the space between the valves will be increased and

page_text: consequently in the vessel y of the transmitter F. The pressure head B will
expand, the valve V will be opened further and the inflow of the cooling water
increased. If however the temperature in the room R falls, v will be closed more
and v opened wider. The pressure in the transmitter F decreases, the expansion
body or pressure head will be compressed by the spring C which increases the
pressure on the valve V closing or partially closing the same. The service Lis
then conducted to the open air or into space A¹ where the pressure is less
than at R.
Fig. 14 shows a corresponding arrangement for warm or hot water flowing under
pressure. When the temperature in R increases the part v of the double valve
closes entirely or partially whilst the opening ¹ increases in size. This causes the
pressure in the space to decrease and consequently in the service g of the
transmitter F. The pressure head B is compressed and valve V wholly or partially
closed. As soon as the temperature falls at R the valve e is opened and closed.
The pressure increases at the service transmits the same to the head B and
valve V is raised further off its seat, thus the heating increased. Hereto the
system L may be conducted into the open air or into the room A'. If instead of
water, steam be employed the effect is the same.
The service in this case soon.fills
of itself with condensation water. By means of an adjustable weighted arm C or
a spring (Figs. 13 and 14) the apparatus may be adjusted to various temperatures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :
1. The production and employment of a power transmitter as described consisting
of the service g, liquid filling and pressure heads b, which may be connected
with closing devices v in such manner that the latter shall be operated by the
former.
2. In combination with the device covered by Claim 1 the employment of
expansion bodies e substantially as described.
3. In combination with the device covered by Claim the employment of
vaporising liquids as expansion bodies as described.
4. In combination with the devices covered by Claims 1-3 the use of one part
of the transmitting liquid as expansion body e as described.
5. In combination with the devices covered by Claims 1-4 the employment of
hydrocarbons as liquid transmitting body for expansion body e.
6. In the devices above claimed, the permanent enclosure of the liquid f and of
the expansion body e in combination with vacuum, in such manner that the pressure
heads remain compressed by the outer pressure, under lower temperatures and
thus keep the closing devices connected with the heads tightly closed by a
relatively high pressure (vacuum closure) whilst the said devices are opened
as soon as the temperature exceeds a certain point at one or more points of the
service.
7. The employment of the devices covered by Claims 1-6 for automatically
turning off the gas, so as to act as soon as the flame is extinguished.
8. The employment of the devices covered by Claims 1-6 for joining up
electric contacts which open as soon as the temperature at any point in the service
has exceeded a certain point.
9. In the devices covered by Claims 1-6 the arrangement of closing devices o
connected with pressure heads b in such manner that at low temperatures the said
closing devices shall remain open and only be closed or partially closed as the
temperature increases.
10. In combination with the devices herein before claimed the employment of
counter pressures C or interior pressers C¹.
11. In the devices claimed in Claims 1-5 and 8-10 the arrangement of plates
of gradually decreasing size, one on the other for protecting the pressure heads from
exterior forces substantially as described.

page_text: 12. In pressure heads combined with closing devices and having counter
pressures or interior pressers C₁ the arrangement for varying the amount of the
counter pressure for the purpose of causing the closing device to operate at various
temperatures. .
13. The production and arrangement of power transmitters for the purpose of
operating large closing devices by setting smaller ones in action.
14. The employment of the devices covered in Claims 1-5 and 9--13 for
regulating heating, gas, liquid or steam systems, as also for regulating the draught
in furnaces for heating purposes.
15. The employment of the devices covered by Claims 1-6 and 10-13 for the
construction of cooling and ventilation regulators.
16. The employment of the devices covered in Claims 1-6 and 10-13 for
automatically actuating fire cocks in case of fire substantially as described.
17. The employment of the devices covered by Claims 1-5 and 9-12 for the
construction of fire alarms or signals for showing changes of temperature by starting
an electric bell as soon as a certain temperature is exceeded.
18. The employment of the device covered by Claim 17 as vernier substantially
a's described.
19. Actuating pressure heads by means of a leak which may spring in the walls
of the transmitters.
Dated this 6th day of April 1891.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.