matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGING BOARDS AND PARALLEL BARS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Reynolds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1872.
I, FREDERICK REYNOLDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGING BOARDS AND PARALLEL BARS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the construction and combination herein-
after described of the parts of springing boards whereby the said
springing boards are made very durable, highly elastic, and noiseless or
nearly so in use.
My Invention also consists in the combination herein-after described
of the parts of parallel bars.
According to my Invention I make the springing board of a base or
foundation plate, having at its ends uprights or supports in open
bearings, in which uprights the ends of the springing plank are supported
and secured, the space between the bearings of the uprights being
sufficient to permit of the rising and falling motion of the ends therein.

page_text: Each end of the springing plank is secured in its bearing by means of a
cross screw bolt passing through the bearing and through an elliptical
hole or slot in the springing plank and fixed by a screw nut, the end of
the plank being capable of riding upon the plain stem of the bolt.
In order to deaden the sound caused by the striking of the ends of the
springing plank against the top and bottom of the open bearings the
upper and lower faces of the ends of the springing plank situated
between the said bearings are protected or covered with thick pieces of
india-rubber or other elastic material. When the springing board is in
use the said pieces of india-rubber, besides deadening the sound caused
by the motion of the ends in the bearings described also by acting as
buffers give a very smooth action to the ends of the springing plank.
In order to increase the elasticity of the springing plank and to enable
planks which by themselves are not fitted for use as springing planks to
be employed, I support the middle of the plank upon metallic springs; I
prefer to employ for this purpose coiled springs of the kind called
furniture springs, but bow or elliptical springs may be used. These
springs are situated between the upper side of the foundation or base
plate of the springing board and the under side of the springing plank.
I provide the springing board with a side rail connected with the founda-
tion plate for supporting the person when using the springing board.
Two rails one on each side of the springing plank may be provided so
that the apparatus may be used as a parallel bar.
When in use the child or person stands on the middle of the springing
plank and grasps the side rail or rails. By the motion of the body
flexure is given to the springing plank and the springs beneath it are
thereby compressed and assist by their elasticity to give the upward
motion to the plank. During the motion of the springing plank its ends
work noiselessly and smoothly in the bearings of the uprights. The
springing board may be used without a side rail.
A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MANU- FACTURING GAS FOR LIGHTING AND. HEATING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
.
the 25th January 1872.-A communication from Charles Auguste
Gapiand, residing at Levallois, France, Chemist.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MANU-
FACTURING GAS FOR LIGHTING AND. HEATING," communicated to me by
Charles Auguste Gapiand, a person resident at Levallois, France, Chemist,
to be as follows:-
This Invention communicated to me consists to extract from liquid
coal tar arising from pit coal imperfectly distiled the gas still contained
in the said liquid coal tar. For this purpose the liquid coal tar is
poured into a tank, provided at the bottom with a discharging pipe with
cock, through which the said liquid coal tar runs through into a
siphon, ending in a capacity or chamber having a greater or less
number of holes at its bottom, through which the said liquid coal tar

page_text: runs, and is thus devided in such a manner so as to fall slowly upon
coke previously red hotted in a retort placed beneath the said chamber.
The gas thus produced by means of the said liquid coal tar decomposed
by the action of red-hot coke passes into a cylindric chamber similar to
those now in use for manufacturing gas, then afterwards through the
ordinary washing and purifying apparatuses to the gasometer, from
which it is distributed for different purposes.
The portion of the liquid coal tar non-decomposed is distiled and also
passes into the ordinary cylindric chamber herein above mentioned,
from which it runs into a tank to be again poured into the upper tank
and again decomposed in the retort.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTI- LATING SEWERS AND DRAINS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Macpherson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1872.
I, CHARLES MACPHERSON, of Edinburgh, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTI-
LATING SEWERS AND DRAINS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in purifying the air in sewers
without having any communication between the air in them and the
external atmosphere.
This is effected by exhibiting charcoal properly placed and protected
in the sewer itself at places where the gases are generated or to which
they naturally gravitate. The action of charcoal is to absorb and
oxidize effluvia and miasmata emitted from decaying substances. The
charcoal must be however protected from dust, mud, or water. By the
oxidisation of the gases continuous currents of gases move towards the
charcoal, and continuous currents of purified air move from it, thus at
the same time purifying the air in the sewer and creating circulation.

page_text: The only limit of purification appears to be the extent to which it might
be considered desirable to apply the charcoal.
The accompanying Drawings shows two of the forms of the apparatus,
which must be made of sizes to suit the various cases. The work
necessary to fix one in a main sewer will be to open the man-hole, drive
in or fix holdfasts to the roof, hang the basket or cradle to them, fill it
with charcoal, place the cover upon it, and shut the man-hole again.
The fixing of the apparatus in pipe sewers is similar, being equally
simple or even more so.
Ventilation of sewers by the mode proposed will be found preferable to
any other in the following particulars :—
First. That it ensures the destruction of the sewage gases in the sewers
at the points where they exist, so that their dispersion through the
external air is impossible.
Secondly. That a healthy circulation of air is maintained.
And thirdly. That the using of the apparatus does not allow of any
sewer air escaping into the external atmosphere.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING TIN PLATE WASTE SCRAPS OR CLIPPINGS, FOR SEPARATING OR REMOVING THE TIN AND OTHER MATTERS FROM THE IRON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Morton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th December 1872.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE MORTON, of No. 16, Lynton Street, Bermondsey,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING TIN PLATE WASTE
SCRAPS OR CLIPPINGS, FOR SEPARATING OR REMOVING THE TIN AND OTHER MATTERS
FROM THE IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of tin plate waste scraps or
clippings by means of muriatic acid and subsequent heating in a suitable
furnace, in such manner as to effectually separate or remove the tin, lead,
and impurities from the iron contained in such waste scraps or clippings,
and to enable the iron to be utilized with greater advantage than
hitherto. For this purpose the tin plate waste scraps or clippings, after
being submitted to the action of muriatic or hydrochloric acid for the
removal of the tin, and washed if necessary, are heated in a reverberatory
or other suitable furnace, in such manner as to effectually remove any
tin, lead, and impurities still adhering to the iron. The iron may then
be made into bales or blocks by pressure in the ordinary manner.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING AND DECOLORISING HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Miller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1872.
I, JOHN MILLER, of the Firm of John Miller and Company, of
Aberdeen, in the County of Aberdeen, North Britain, Manufacturing.
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING AND DECOLORISING HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
-
This Invention has for its object the purifying and decolorising of
hydrocarbons by simple and convenient means, and which have not the
accompaniment of danger from explosion like the volatile oils hitherto
sometimes used.
The Invention consists in passing the hydrocarbon through one or
more filters containing spongey iron or metallic iron in a state of minute
division. If the hydrocarbon is solid at ordinary temperatures, as is
the case with paraffin wax for example, or if it is not sufficiently liquid
it is heated prior to passing it through the filters.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING CORKS AND STOPPERS IN BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES FOR WINE, SPIRITS, BEER, ALE, AERATED COMPOUNDS, CORROSIVE ACIDS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harcourt Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1872.
I, JOHN HARCOURT BROWN, Exeter Hall Hotel, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING CORKS AND STOPPERS
IN BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES FOR WINE, SPIRITS, BEER, ALE,
AERATED COMPOUNDS, CORROSIVE ACIDS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This improved method consists in perforating orifices or holes, of such
diameter as may be required, in the neck of the bottle, jar, or other
vessel, just under the collar or rim of the neck or in any other convenient
place to receive a metal pin or piece of wire, the pin to have a small
head similar to a tind tack. After the bottle or vessel is corked the
pin is passed into the orifice and made to penetrate the cork or stopper.
This is the most simple and facile modification of the improvement,
and is particularly adapted in point of economy to soda water, lemonade,
ginger beer, &c. For greater security two pins may be passed into the
cork, one from each side of the bottle, and the heads secured by a label
pasted on, or by the addition when required of a metal capsule. In

page_text: some cases two perforations are made in the bottle or vessel, opposite
each other, in order that a fine wire may be passed through them and
the cork or stopper, and the projecting ends of the wires brought round
the outside and twisted or otherwise fastened, or brought up over the
top of the cork and secured. Remove the pin or pieces of wire by
means of ordinary champagne nippers or other suitable appliances and
draw the cork by the usual means; if champagne, soda water, and similar
aerated liquids, on removing the pins or wire the carbonic acid gas
will force out the cork or stopper, in other cases the corkscrew will be
required. When glass or metal stoppers are employed they must be
perforated, and the orifice thus made must be plugged with a core of
cork, or other suitable material, in order that the pin or wire may easily
penetrate or pass through when placed in the vessel.
The novelty of this improvement consists in the better securing corks
and stoppers by passing a pin or wire or other suitable material into or
through both bottle and stopper for aerated wines, soda water, lemonade,
ginger beer, and other cheap fluids, as it is more facile and economical
both in manipulation and wire, and gives a greater security to the
contents of the bottles, &c. The pin, pins, or wires may be constructed
with a loop in order to attach a lock or locks in large vessels, this would
be found a great security to their contents.
AN IMPROVED WATER WASTE PREVENTER CISTERN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Alfred Blogg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st November 1872.
I, CHARLES ALFRED BLOGG, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WATER WASTE PREVENTER CISTERN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a cistern for supplying water closets and
preventing the water being run to waste when a constant or nearly
constant service is provided.
The cistern consists of two chambers called the store chamber and
the flushing chamber, communicating at bottom. The store chamber
is supplied with water from the service main and serves as a reservoir
to fill the flushing chamber, from which latter a certain amount of
water passes through a service box to the pan of the closet. The
connection between the store and flushing chambers is controlled by
a valve operated by an arm connected to a lever which opens the
service valve in such manner that when the last-named valve is
opened the other is closed and the communication between the two

page_text: chambers cut off, so that the supply of water to the closet pan is limited
to that contained in the flushing chamber, and therefore the water
cannot be run to waste. When the service valve is closed the other
valve remains open and the communication between the two chambers
is re-established, so that the flushing chamber is at once refilled from
the store chamber and the closet may be used several times without
waiting for the cistern to be filled from the service main, which
is important where the service is interrupted for a length of time
at certain periods, as at night for instance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS, CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Stephen Foley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1872.
I, FRANCIS STEPHEN FOLEY, of No. 10, Well Street, in the City of
London, Paper Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS,
CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manner of forming the edges of collars
and other similar articles made of a combination of linen or other textile
fabric and paper. Hitherto it has been usual to cut the said articles
out of the prepared material, leaving their edges raw, which often
become rough, uncomfortable, and unsightly in wear.
The object of this Invention is, by forming the article with a folded
edge instead of a raw one on its principal side, to produce a smoother
more durable, and generally improved article.
In manufacturing collars and other aforesaid articles according to my
Invention, I paste or otherwise stick together the said linen or other

page_text: textile fabric and paper in slips of rather more than double the width
of the article intended to be made, and having finished the linen surface
thereof in the usual manner I again paste the surface of the paper
and fold the pasted surface together, the linen being thus outwards
and entirely covering the paper on both sides. I now cut out the
collars or other said articles in the usual manner, only using the folded
edge of the material for the principal edge of the article.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MUFF WARMER FOR LADIES' USE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kate Robison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 18th October
1872.
I, KATE ROBISON, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MUFF WARMER FOR LADIES' USE," to be as follows:-
.
This Invention consists in the manufacture of a receptacle to contain
hot water for the purpose of warming the interior of muffs.
I form a double lining or casing of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable material of the same shape as the muff, with an opening secured
with a valve and screw for the reception of boiling water. This apparatus
when filled with boiling water is placed in the muff whereby great heat
is obtained, and much comfort results; or when covered with suitable
material it may be used as a muff by itself.
AN INHALER FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morgan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1872.
I, JOHN MORGAN, of Saint Stephen's Green North, Dublin, Ireland,
5 M.D., F.R.C.S.I., Professor of Surgical Anatomy, R.C.S.I., and
Surgeon to Mercers' Hospital, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "AN INHALER FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of an inhaler constructed on the principle of
allowing freedom of respiration by being furnished with an elastic and
flexible diaphragm which yields with each respiration and so allows the
breathing of medicated vapours without discomfort or waste of ma-
terial. This principle is more particularly applicable to the process of
producing insensibility to pain by means of ether or other vapours, as it
5 accomplishes the free exposure of the vapor to the lungs, and its
absorption by the system.
The inhaler is constructed with or without a perforated false bottom
to allow of the collection of the ether or other vapor; the top or side
is furnished with an india-rubber diaphragm, so arranged that it ascends

page_text: and descends with the respiratory movements, and the intermediate
space is furnished with the means of assisting the evaporation of the
ether which is poured in. The tube leading to the mouth arises from
the inhaler near the bottom.
L
?
In case the instrument is used for warm water or medicated &
inhalations, the tube leading to the mouth arises from the top only, and
a false bottom is used to retain any medications, such as poppy
heads, &c. A spirit lamp may be used in addition. Should it be desired
-to use-medicaments which are developed by heat only, the inhaler is
modified by having a spirit lamp-placed in a partition underneath, and 1
the medication placed in a pan over it in the interior. The flexible
diaphragm in all cases allows free respiration, whilst at the same time
the vapors or exhalations are not allowed to escape, but are directly
taken in by the lungs. Under certain circumstances provision is made
for the admission of air into the inhaler.
J
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS AND RAISING WATER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by Frederic
August Fischer, of Harzburg.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of the Office for Patents, 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS
AND RAISING WATER," a communication from abroad by Frederic August
Fischer, of Harzburg, to be as follows:-
By this Invention water is raised by the condensation of the exhaust
steam discharged from a steam cylinder, or of steam supplied by a
boiler and passed into a separate vessel herein-after called the condenser,
whence the water passes into a second cylinder or pump worked by the
pump worked by the first so as to displace the water and raise or force it
through pipes and valves either into a boiler or elsewhere as required;
when forced into a boiler the heat of the exhaust steam is utilized by being
absorbed by the feed water; or sometimes a second cylinder is not em-
ployed, but the same cylinder receives steam on one side and water on the

page_text: opposite side of the piston, thus acting both as steam cylinder and as
pump, and being single acting in respect of each of the two offices per-
formed; or sometimes no pump is employed but the heated water flows
from the condenser into a boiler, an equilibrium of pressure being
established by pipes and valves when such flow takes place, and being
cut off when a vacuum is demanded.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Abdank de Laskar-
zewski, and Henry Kchrmann, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st November 1872.
We, CHARLES ABDANK DE LASKARZEWSKI, of Coventry Street, and
HENRY KEHRMANN, of West Brompton, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing musical
instruments that will be capable of producing sounds of longer duration,
greater brilliancy, and nobler qualities of tone, than hitherto.
The Invention consists in the employment and use of a series or
number of tuning forks, in lieu of cords or strings, arranged and
actuated so as to emit sound in the manner following:- Each tuning
fork is constructed with a shank and prongs in the ordinary manner, and
composed of cast steel or other suitable metal, the size and proportion
of which correspond with the key or note it is required to emit or sound
when struck. Each fork is provided with a pin projecting from its
shank, and by which it is suspended in a pendulous position through the

page_text: medium of a rod (which by preference is composed of metal) which
forms a medium or conductor that conveys the sound emitted by the
vibration of the prongs of the fork, when struck, into a box composed
of sounding boards. This box is fixed to the general framing of the
instrument and is left with its ends open, so that a valve or lid formed
to slide upon and partially or wholly close the orifice of such box or
boxes is, when actuated by a pedal or other equivalent, capable of
modulating or intensifying the volume of sound transmitted therefrom.
The action of striking the tuning forks, through the medium of
hammers and a key board, may be obtained in the ordinary and well
known manner now employed in striking pianoforte wires. The dampers
for preventing vibration or continuance of sound being arranged to drop
on to the top of the prong of that tuning fork, each fork and damper
having a separate and independent action, cach of the forks are
adjustable with respect to their striking hammers, the whole being
enclosed in a case similar to that of a piano, or to represent any form
of instrument compatible with its interior structure.
A NEW APPLIANCE OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO OR AN IMPROVEMENT IN CYLINDRICAL AND OTHER RULERS FOR OFFICE AND GENERAL USE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Yule at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1872.
I, GEORGE YULE, of Wakefield Street, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW APPLIANCE OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO OR AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CYLINDRICAL AND OTHER RULERS FOR OFFICE AND GENERAL USE," to be as
follows:-
"
A "fence" or "guard" presenting a straight face to the pen, against
which the pen shall rest, as said pen slides along in the act of drawing
straight lines, instead of resting on the face of the ruler, and the pen
shall thereby be kept entirely clear of the face of the ruler. This
"fence
"
or guard" can either be manufactured as an integral part
of the ruler and fixed to it, or separately by itself, for application to
and to be used in conjunction with the common ruler as at present in
general use. The "fence' or 'guard" is shewn in the accompaning
Drawings in the simple form of a horizontal bar. It is attached to
the ruler, but being adjusted loosely it has no grip of the same, and
therefore notwithstanding the revolution or turning of the ruler always
"
66

page_text: remains in the same position, that is, it does not revolve round the
ruler.
In Figure I. of the accompanying Drawings the horizontal bar is
detached from the ruler, and is represented as having two projections
or arms (marked a) one at each end, by which (at the two circular
holes marked B) it is adjusted to the axis of the ruler. Figure II.
represents the horizontal bar as adjusted to the ruler and ready for
use. But where advisable the projections or arms can be so modified
or altered in size and shape, and their positions on horizontal bar so
arranged as to be made to fit on the body of the ruler instead of on:
its axis; the horizontal bar can also be adjusted both to the axis and
to the body of the ruler..
The "fence" or "guard" is intended for application to cylindrical
rulers, and to any other ruler for drawing straight lines, which like
the cylindrical ruler turns on its face or is liable so to turn, and so
transfer ink from the pen to the surface being ruled.
The object of the present Invention is to prevent blotting, as by
its use the pen does not come in contact with the ruler, and the ruler
therefore does not receive on its surface any ink from the pen, and is.
thereby prevented from transferring ink to the surface being ruled
as said ruler turns or revolves. And as the "fence" or "guard"
remains always in the one position, notwithstanding the motion or
turning of the ruler, any ink said "fence" or "guard" may receive
from the pen cannot be transferred to the surface being ruled..
AN IMPROVED EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Gray at the
Office of the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1872.-A communication from abroad by Jesse
Hall, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey, England, but at
present residing at 271, Place d'Armes, in the Department of Pas
de Calais, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN WILLIAM GRAY, of 23, Billiter Street, in the City of
London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND,"
to be as follows:-
The explosive compound produced according to this Invention
partakes somewhat of the nature of an explosive already in use, and
known by the name of gun cotton, but differs from it in the essential
points of being more effective, and capable of production at a much less
cost. To this end instead of using new cotton, as has hitherto been
found necessary in making gun cotton, I manufacture my explosive
from old rags, either white or colored, costing scarcely a tenth part
of the price of new cotton, a process which has never yet been carried
out successfully, but which I have succeeded in accomplishing by the

page_text: following method of treatment:-Any required quantity of old rags aro
taken and carefully washed, and in the case of colored rags being used,
are also carefully bleached and afterwards reduced to a pulp by any well
known method of pulping rags. The pulp thus obtained, after having
been thoroughly dried, is then dipped into a bath consisting of a solution
of sulphuric and nitrous or nitric acids, in about equal proportions,
bulk for bulk, the nitric acid being by preference of a sp. gr. of about
1.50, and the sulphuric acid of about 1.84. The pulp which is not
put into this bath until the acids have been previously mixed and
allowed to cool is kept therein for from 12 to 24 hours, according to
the strength of explosive required, or for even a longer period than
24 hours for special purposes, and during such time it is occasionally
stirred up with a glass rod. The compound is then removed from the
bath and put into a sieve for the purpose of draining or pressing out
as much of the acids as possible, and is then thoroughly washed in a
poaching engine for from 7 to 14 days, with plenty of water, it being
absolutely necessary for the process that the water should be kept clean
by being constantly changed. The compound is then spread on trays
and partially dried by the application of a slow heat, after which it is
pressed into suitable moulds, according to the purpose for which it
is required to be used, and then thoroughly dried, when it is ready
for use.
When the compound is to be used for purposes where a slow
explosive is required, such as for shooting, I steep it after it has been
taken from the bath of acids and dried, and before being moulded into
cartridges, in a solution of starch, the time during which it is allowed
to remain therein being regulated according to the amount of
retardation required, the longer the steeping process is continued the
greater being the amount of retarding effect produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE PRINTING AND PUBLISHING OF ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Welby Pugin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1872.
I, EDWARD WELBY PUGIN, of Victoria House, Victoria Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, WHICH SAID
IMPROVEMENTS ARE CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE PRINTING AND PUBLISHING OF
ADVERTISEMENTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make use of the blank spaces on the
reverse sides of those pages in periodicals and other publications on
which illustrations are to be printed.
For this purpose I obtain the paper on which the periodical or other
publication is to be printed before it goes to press, and having had the
advertisement or other matter to be impressed on such blank space
drawn in an ornamental manner and of an attractive design of such a
size as will best suit the convenience of the designing artist, I by means
of photo-lithography or photo-typography enlarge or reduce the same
so as to suit the size of the blank space for which it is intended, and
by such photo-lithography or photo-typography I print it thereon with a
quickly drvine ink.

page_text: The drying of this ink I accelerate (when necessary) by placing
the paper when printed in hot air ovens. When dry the paper may be
sent to press for the periodical for which it is intended, and the illus-
trations may be printed without the fear of the matter which I have
previously printed either off-setting or in any way indenting or soiling 5
the paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Cook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 24th October
1872.
I, ELIJAH Cook, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hampshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in making the apparatus intended for
beating water in its passage from the tank to the boiler more simple
and direct in its action, also in so arranging such apparatus that
the water may be more quickly and economically heated, and cause
greater saving of fuel than heretofore.
The improvements may be carried into effect by fitting to the ordinary
delivery pipe which feeds the boiler, from the tank near to where it
enters the pump, two branch pipes furnished with suitable connections,
one of these branch pipes afterwards passing by on through the smoke
box to the right side of the boiler of the locomotive, and the other direct.

page_text: to the left side of the locomotive; these pipes are connected by a cross
or bridge pipe at or near to the fire-box; these branch pipes where they
pass alongside of the boiler of the locomotive are made large enough to
allow to pass through them a suitable steam pipe in connection
respectively with the right and left exhaust, the said steam pipes after
passing thro' the branch water pipes on the right and left as
described, converge and join under the foot plate of the locomotive, and
enter through a suitable regulating cock into a main exhaust pipe which
discharges into the tank or tender at or near the top.
The action is as follows:-Water from the tank or tender is pumped
by the delivery pipe through the right branch pipe, and thus circulated
through it and the left brauch pipe, after which it enters the boiler at
or about the same time the steam from the right and left exhaust pipe
enters the right and left steam pipe passing through the right and left
branch water pipe, after which the steam passes on to where the steam
pipes join, and then enters the main exhaust pipe in the tank or tender.
The passage of the steam as above heats the water in the tender, and the
boiler is then supplied with heated water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOW AND OTHER BLINDS AND SHUTTERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scantlebury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM SCANTLEBURY, of 21, Seven Sisters Road, Holloway, in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOW AND OTHER BLINDS AND SHUTTERS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the means employed for
rolling and unrolling or raising and lowering window and other blinds
and shutters.
:
For this purpose a wire or other spring of suitable strength is arranged
to clip, clasp, or press. upon a grooved wheel roller or reel upon the
roller, on which the blind or shutter is wound up. The spring has a
projection or tail piece to prevent its turning with the roller. A cord
or chain is wound round the grooved wheel or roller, and the part for
the winding cord is by preference turned smaller to raise the blind or
shutter by.

page_text: +
By this improved arrangement the roller and parts connected there-
with, can be taken down in order to substitute a clean blind or shutter
without disturbing or disarranging any mechanical parts. Neither does
it require special brackets as the ordinary ones are suitable.
The said improvements consist simply of a spring always in position &
upon the roller, reel, or grooved wheel, the winding cord or chain being
wound upon and encercling the other part of the said roller, reel, or
grooved wheel.
It can also be used to unroll or lower the blind by having another
cord or chain upon the reel wound the reverse way to the other cord or 1
chain. For lofty rooms this is very requisite, or for shop windows
where it is inconvenient to get at or beyond the ordinary reach.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING TEXTILE FABRICS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st October 1872.-A communication from abroad by John
Palliser, Robert McDowell, Adolphe Klopsk, and Victor Grumel, all
of the Republic of France.
I, BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of 77, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, C.E., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING TEXTILE FABRICS AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," being a communication from John Palliser, Robert
McDowell, Adolphe Klopsk, and Victor Grumel, all of the Republic
of France, to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention has reference to an improved means of discolouring
and bleaching woven fabrics or other fibrous materials (such as thread,
flax, hemp, linen, cotton, or similar substances) in a single bath, and
without previous preparation, in the space of about twenty-four hours,
and consists in employing in the preparation of the bath in which the
articles are to be immersed the following substances, that is to say :-For
two hundredweight of chlorine dissolve one hundredweight of soda salt
in fifty gallons of water, diluting the chlorine with the soda salt water

page_text: and stirring the mixture during two hours, it is then allowed to remain
at rest untill the next day, and 250 gallons of water added, the bath is
then stirred every day for ten minutes during six consecutive days and
left to rest for six days, one per cent. of sub-carbonate of soda is then
added and the whole again stirred before using it. Then take part of
this bath, rectify it to two and a half degrees (centigrade) of strength
with the areometer, immerse the textile materials therein, and allow them
to remain from 6 to 24 hours, or longer according to the degree of
whiteness required.
It is desirable that the bath should remain exposed to the oxygen
of the air during all the twelve days for neutralizing the corroding
properties of the substances employed, and enabling the bath to be used
continually.
AN IMPROVED CONTRIVANCE FOR SECURING DOOR KNOBS AND OTHER KNOBS OR HANDLES UPON THEIR SPINDLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter B. Chapin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1872.
Ì, WALTER B. CHAPIN, of Wickford, Rhode Island, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONTRIVANCE
FOR SECURING DOOR KNOBS AND OTHER KNOBS OR HANDLES UPON THEIR SPINDLES,"
to be as follows:
My Invention relates to a novel contrivance, whereby a knob or
handle may be readily placed and secured upon its spindle in such a
manner that it will not be liable to accidental detachment therefrom,
although it may be readily adjusted upon the said spindle, or removed
when required.
The said Invention is more especially designed to supply the want
of a convenient and efficient means for securing the knob of a door
latch or lock upon its spindle, so that when once properly placed'
thereon it will not become loose and fall off as when secured in the
ordinary manner, and so that it can be readily and conveniently adjusted
to suit the thickness of any door upon which it is placed.

page_text: I carry my said Invention into practice as follows:-I form on the
spindle a screw thread upon which I fit a collar; this collar has only a
portion of its aperture tapped to fit the screw thread on the said spindle,
the remaining portion of the collar being of larger diameter, and tapped
or formed with a screw thread to fit a screw shank or projection on the
knob or handle. These screw threads are reverse to cach other, that
is to say, if the screw on the spindle is right handed the screw on the
knob is left handed. The said screw shank has a square hole through
which the end of the spindle can be inserted into the knob. To secure
the knob upon the spindle the latter is passed through the door in the
usual manner; the aforesaid collar is then screwed upon the said spindle
to a position about midway between the side of the door or lock and
the end or extremity of the spindle. The knob is then pushed on the
said end of the spindle till its screw thread enters that of the collar.
The latter is then turned in the proper direction to screw it up to the
door, and at the same time the other screw acting on the knob draws
the same tightly up to the collar. The latter may be provided with a
hole for the application of a key or wrench to ensure the knob being
made properly tight on the spindle, and to facilitate its unscrewing. If
the door should shrink, or if for any other reason the knob should need*
adjustment it will only be necessary to unscrew the collar, move it in
the required direction upon the spindle, and then again tighten it upon
upon the knob. Or if the latter and the spindle are to be removed from
the door, their removal may be readily effected by first unscrewing
the collar till the knob is liberated, then drawing the knob endwise from.
the spindle, and then unscrewing the collar from the same..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPE WRENCHES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Craddock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1872.
I, EDWARD CRADDOCK, of No. 3, Fowkes' Buildings, Tower. Street,
in the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPE WRENCHES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to an improvement in the form and con-
struction of wrenches specially intended for grasping and holding pipes
and other things having a round, oval, or even rectangular form.
A wrench constructed in the manner invented by me is as follows:-
Upon one end of a straight and flat lever or shank, such as is used for
an ordinary nut wrench, there is formed a flat head or boss of an oval
or elliptical shape, in which is cut a curved opening-or-mouth,-which-is.
wider towards its opening than at its inner end and the larger and
overhanging lip of which is maintained of the same width or thickness
to its extreme outer end. Of the inner sides or surfaces of this curved
mouth one is concave and the other convex, and the former is furnished

page_text: with a range of ratchet shaped teeth pointing towards the inner and
narrower end of the said mouth, and graduated in size from the one
extremity of the said range to the other, the teeth nearest the opening
being the largest and gradually diminishing toward the inner end, thus
giving a better and firmer hold for the wrench than if the teeth were
all of one size. The convex side of the said mouth may be left without
teeth.
ศ
On the application to any. cylindrical or tubular body of a wrench
so constructed, the surface presented being of a size which can be
grasped by the mouth aforesaid, and on the application of force or
pressure to the other end of the lever or shank above described in such
a direction as will cause the teeth of the said mouth to take hold of
the body intended to be grasped, the tendency is to force the wrench
further upon and around the said body, and to hold it so firmly that it
can be moved in the same direction. The wrench detaches itself on
being moved in the opposite direction.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING LOOMS, WINDING ENGINES, AND VARIOUS OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Linney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1872.
I, WILLIAM LINNEY, of Bedworth, in the County of Warwick, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING LOOMS, WINDING ENGINES,
AND VARIOUS OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of a train of wheels and pinions
moved by a weight, as shewn by the accompanying Drawing forming
part of this my Provisional Specification, for the propulsion of looms,
winding engines, and various other machines, and is designed to
enable the weaver to dispense with juvenile manual labour (now much
depended on for the working of the loom); and also to be used as a
propelling power in other cases to which it may be found applicable.

page_text: the Cylinder B gives motion to the train of Wheels & Pinions C.C.C.C
These drive round the fly wheel. D, on the axle of which is a Crank E.
from which the motion is carried by a connecting rod f, to the Loom,
:
or other Machine to which the motive power is to be applied:
G. and H are the winch & ratchet, by which the Propeller is "wound up
CARTRIDGES FOR SMOKING IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard John Frederick
Edgcumbe and the Honourable James Terence Fitzmaurice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 13th January 1872.
We, RICHARD JOHN FREDERICK EDGCUMBE, of Stone Hall, Plymouth,
in the County of Devon, Lieutenant in Her Majesty's Army, and the
Honorable JAMES TERENCE FITZMAURICE, of Porthpean, St. Austell,
in the County of Cornwall, Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CARTRIDGES FOR SMOKING IN
TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the production of cartridges for
smoking in tobacco pipes, for which purpose we encase each charge
of manufactured tobacco in a cylindrical or other casing made by
preference of tobacco leaf. The upper end of the case is closed by
a punk wad, and this wad is provided with a fusee which may be
ignited by friction, so as to ignite the wad and the tobacco contained

page_text: within the cylindrical tobacco leaf casing. The cylindrical casing is
bound round with strips of prepared paper or thread saturated with
tobacco juice, and its lower part may be closed in by means of a covering
of rice paper or other suitable material, so as to retain the manufactured
tobacco within the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES FOR NEEDLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Harper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1872.
I, THOMAS HENRY HARPER, of Webheath, near Redditch, in the
County of Worcester, Needle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES FOR NEEDLES," to be
as follows:-
My improvements relate to the construction in a convenient and
ornamental form of receptacles for needles, such as can be used on the
work table.
I form a small case or box open at top which may be in the form
of a deep tray or basket, and may have a bow or handle by which
it can be lifted. I fit a cushion into this case or box in such a manner
as to leave several oblong spaces between the sides of the cushion
and the sides of the case or box. These oblong spaces are for the
purpose of receiving packets of needles which can be inserted in them,

page_text: the ends of the packets projecting above the cushion so that they can
be readily taken hold of by the fingers.
The cushion serves to receive needles which have been taken from
the packets, and it may be wholly or in part an emery cushion. The
cushion may either be fixed in the case or box or it may be made 5
moveable with space below it for needles, pins, hooks or eyes, or other
small articles used in needlework.
Im- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PRIVIES AND THE ASH-PITS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frances at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1872.
I, CHARLES FRANCES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PRIVIES AND THE ASH-PITS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows :-
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby the fine particles of
cinders and other refuse matters are caused to be mixed with the privy
soil, while the coarser particles are separated therefrom. I also provide
certain means for the easy removal of the soil and other matters. For
this purpose I employ a grid or riddle upon which the waste matters are
thrown, and beneath this a shute leading to the privy. Through this
grid the fine particles pass and are guided by the shute so as to mix with
the privy soil, while the coarser particles are delivered into the ash-pit;
.

page_text: but in order to facilitate removal I place a box provided with wheels at
the bottom of the pit, and another at the bottom of the privy. The
former of these receives the coarse waste matters, and the latter the finer
· particles and soil, and both may readily be wheeled away.