IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATED. OR DRYING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS*
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Horrocks of Worsley near the City of Manchester
in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATED.
OR DRYING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS*
در
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Horrocks at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1883.
JAMES HORROCKS of Worsley near the City of Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATED OR DRYING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
'
"
My Invention relates to the cylinders principally used in the drying of fabrics
such for example as woven cloth and paper. Previously to my invention such
cylinders have been heated by means of steam of a comparatively low pressure,
admitted to the interiors of the hollow cylinders or drums. The principal object
of my Invention is to enable me to use high pressure steam. I admit the steam to
the tubes which are arranged around the axis of the cylinder near to the outer
circumference thereof. These tubes.may be of copper, brass or other suitable metal
or alloy and by preference are solid drawn when required for high pressure. I
arrange these in any suitable manner and provide for the necessary connections for
the supply of steam and discharge of water. In a construction which I consider to
be suitable the tubes extend from end to end of the cylinder within an annular-
space between the outer shell and an inner sheel.. The tubes are divided into clusters.
each cluster communicating with a pipe or passage for the supply of steam and the
discharge of water. In some cases these passages are formed in arms which.
connect the rims with hollow axles or trunnions the aforesaid shells,being secured
to the said rims. The said arms are formed with faced surfaces which are bolted
or secured to turned or planed faces on the hubs or trunnions and on the rims so
as to form steam tight joints. In some cases I may additionally secure the joints
of the apparatus by means of soldering. The passages in the outer ends of the
arms connect with passages leading into recesses or chambers into which the ends.
of the tubes open these recesses being closed by means of plates or caps. I prefer
that the steam shall be admitted through one trunnion and the water be discharged.
through the other and to facilitate the discharge I may incline the axis of the.
cylinder. the passages being suitably arranged to facilitate the drainage of the tubes.
and passages. I do not confine myself to the details herein mentioned nor do I
confine myself to the use of high pressure steam nor to the use of steam as other.
hot fluid might be used. The aforesaid annular space is intended to be an air.
space but for some purposes it may be filled with oil or with low pressure steam or.
with a fluid or liquid which will transmit heat to the outer shell or periphery. of.
the cylinder.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Horrocks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th September 1883.
JAMES HORROCKS of Worsley near the City of Manchester in the County of
Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATED OR DRYING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
My Invention relates to the cylinders principally used in the drying of fabrics
such for example as woven cloth and paper. Previously to my invention such
cylinders have been. heated by means of steam of a comparatively. low pressure
admitted to the interiors of the hollow cylinders or drums. The principal object of
my Invention is to enable me to use high pressure steam. I admit steam to tubes
which are arranged around the axis of the cylinder near to the outer circumferenco
thereof. In a construction which I consider to be suitable the tubes extend from
end to end of the cylinder within an annular space between the outer shell and an
inner sheel.
.
In order that my Invention may be well understood I will when describing the
same refer to a sheet of drawings which I have attached hereto the said drawings
being made to a scale of about three quarters of an inch to the foot. In the said
drawings Fig 1 represents an end elevation and Fig 2 a side or back elevation of
one of my improved drying cylinders. mounted in a framing which is partly
represented in the drawings parts of the cylinder being represented in section in
order that the construction may be apparent. In the said Figs a, a, are hollow
trunnions which are turned and fitted to revolve in bearings carried by the
standards b of the framing. One end of each trunnion is provided with a.gland or
stuffing box and on the other end is cast or secured a hub or collar a¹ of
comparatively large diameter in which are formed steam passages c which com-
municate with the passage in the trunnion. The outer face of the said hub is
turned or faced to receive the ends of eight arms d, d, which are formed with
faces to. bolt to the face of the said, hub the said ends of the arms being
shaped to fit together around the trunnion so that the arms take their proper
radial positions as seen in Fig 1.. Each arm is hollow and the space within
communicates through corresponding openings in the faces on the arms and the
hub so that there is a clear passage for steam to flow from the trunnion into each
arm or vice versa. The outer arm is also formed with a face which is prepared
for bolting to a ring e which in the example is formed of eight cast iron segments
which are suitably fitted and bolted together and to the outer ends of the arms so
as to form a complete ring which is firmly connected by the arms with the central
trunnion. The two trunnions are connected together by means of an axle f which
in the example is, hollow and is formed with collars whereby it. is bolted to the
hubs a'; a', Each of the segments, e is formed with a deeply sunk channel or
recess which communicates at one end by means of a passage g with the steam
passage in one of the arms. The channel in each segment is covered by means of
a plate e¹ which is bolted or secured to the segment so, as to. convert the open
channel into a closed steam passage. All the joints are by preference turned in.
a lathe or planed or faced so that steam tight joints can be readily made, and that
the connections, shall be suitably firm. Previously, to the putting together of the
segments or to the, closing of the channels therein holes, are formed in, each
segment in the channel to receive the ends of steam pipes h, h, which extend from
the ring e at one end of the cylinder to the ring e at the other. The ends of the,
said tubes are suitably expanded or fixed in a steam tight manner in the rings.

page_text: The channel connects together the passages in all the tubes in each segment and
conveys steam into or out of the tubes or carries away the water of condensation.
as the case may be. The said tubes are made of copper or brass or other suitable.
metal or alloy and by preference are solid drawn. The two rings are also
connected by means of an outer cylindrical shell k, which is secured to the
peripheries of the two rings and an inner cylindrical shell which is secured to the
rings in position inside the circle of tubes. Between the two shells is an annular
space m which is occupied to a great extent by the tubes. The outer shell is
preferably made of sheet copper or other suitable sheet metal or alloy. The inner
shell may also be made of sheet metal or it may be of wood or other suitable
material or non-conducting material or materials. The steam is admitted to one
end of the cylinder by means of a pipe n and flows through the passages and arms
into the covered channels which convey the steam into the tubes through which
the steam flows to the other side of the cylinder and is conveyed away by means
of a second pipe n' or the water of condensation may be discharged by means of a
steam trap or by suitable means. The ends of the pipes n, n', enter the glands in
the trunnions so that the revolution of the cylinder does not interfere with the
connections. The cylinder is revolved by means of suitable gearing or driving
arrangements. The fabric to be dried is led on to the cylinder and is by preference
kept in contact with nearly the whole of the circumference before being drawn off.
In the example the fabric indicated by o is supposed to pass over the roller p to the
cylinder and over the roller r from the cylinder. The cylinder is adapted more
particularly to be heated by means of high pressure steam which may be super-
heated. The tubes heat the air confined in the annular space between the two
shells and the outer shell is heated by the hot air and the radiation from the tubes.
In some cases I may arrange for the outer shell to be nearer to the tubes or even
to be in contact with them. Although the tubes are represented as extending in a
straight line from one ring e to the other they may be bent curved or inclined
partly around the cylinder in passing across so as to provide for expansion and
contraction. I may incline the axis of the cylinder to a suitable extent in order
to facilitate the drainage of the tubes and passages. I do not confine myself to the
precise construction of the cylinder as herein described nor to the details of the
apparatus so long as the circle of tubes or of clusters of tubes arranged within and
close to the outer drying shell of the cylinder is employed to convey heat to such
shell. For some purposes I may use low pressure steam or low pressure super-
heated steam although my principal object has been to enable me to use steam of
high pressure as hereinbefore stated. I may use a hot fluid other than stean.
Although I have intended the annular space between the two shells to be an air
space I do not confine myself to this as if considered to be advisable in any case I
may fill such space with oil or with low pressure steam or with a fluid or liquid
which may be expected to transmit heat to the outer shell of the cylinder more
rapidly than air. By means of my invention I am enabled to construct drying
cylinders of large diameter so that one cylinder may be capable of doing the work
of several cylinders of ordinary construction.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my Invention and the
manner in which I carry and propose to carry the same into practical effect I
would have it to be understood that I claim.
First. The drying cylinder of the form and construction substantially as set
forth and indicated herein before and in and by the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. Heating the periphery of a drying cylinder by means of high-pressure
steam or other suitable heating fluid admitted into tubes or pipes arranged at or
within the periphery of the cylinder so as to transfer heat thereto.
Thirdly.. In a drying cylinder connecting passages in one ring or cylinder end
with passages in the other ring or end by means of tubes which extend directly or
indirectly across from end to end within an annular space between the cylinder
periphery and an inner shell substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated.

page_text: And lastly. The drying cylinder having ends consisting of metal rings formed
with steam passages and connected with hollow trunnions, axles or hubs by means
of hollow arms having tubes extending across from one ring to the other
substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated..
In witness whereof I the said James Horrocks have hereunto set my hand and
seal this seventh day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
Signed, sealed and delivered.
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton St, Manchester,
(Agent for the Patentee)
JAMES HORROCKS (L.S.)