Improvements in Filters or Strainers, more particularly applicable for Filtering or Straining Boiler Feed Water and Lubricants in Use, and in Arrangements connected therewith.
Year: 1894

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as required by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 14th day of February 1896.
Date of Application, 6th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th July, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters or Strainers, more particularly applicable
for Filtering or Straining Boiler Feed Water and Lubricants in
Use, and in Arrangements connected therewith.
We, ALBERT EDWARD SEATON, of Wilton House, Holderness Road, Hull in
the County of York, Engineer, and FRANK PEARN of the Firm Frank Pearn & Co.
Limited, of West Gorton, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
Firstly. Our invention relates to an improved construction of filters or strainers,
more especially applicable for filtering or straining boiler feed water, and
lubricants in use for lubricating the bearings of steam and other engines and
machinery.
Our filter or strainer, consists of an open ended cylinder the periphery of
which has a series of slits, holes or perforations through it, which cylinder is
covered by perforated thin metal or woven wire and outside this there are one or
more folds of suitable filtering cloth or material and woven wire, or perforated
thin metal plate.
The ends of the filtering cloth which extend a little beyond the ends of the
cylinder when upon it are turned over and into the ends of the cylinder, and are
held therein or against its ends by two end plates one at each end, each end plate
or cover having an annular or V groove, one side of which comes against the cloth
on the inside of the cylinder and the other side of the V groove comes against an
inclined ring made in say three segments and forces these segments inwards against
the cloth on the outside edge and end of the cylinder, thus firmly securing the
turned over ends of the cloth to the ends of the cylinder.
The outer end plate or cover is closed, and has one end of a long bolt screwed,
into its centre, this bolt extends in the axis of the filter cylinder to the inner end
plate or cover which has a hole for the bolt to slide through and there is a screw
nut on the bolt on the exterior of the inner end plate or cover by which the two
end plates are drawn tightly against the ends of the cylinder the V grooves acting
as above described.
The inner end plate has an annular hole or passage round the boss for the bolt
so that liquids passing into the filtering cylinder can pass out to the boiler or
elsewhere.
The casing or chamber for the filtering cylinder is a cylinder with a removable
lid at one end secured by screws, the other end being connected up with the pipe.
conveying away the filtered liquid.
The inuer end of the end plate for the filter cylinder is coned to fit a cone at

page_text: that end of the casing cylinder, and one cone is forced and held into the other,
fluid tight by a set screw in the removable lid, acting upon the centre of the outer
end plate of the filter cylinder.
There are projecting inclined guiding ribs on the outer end plate of the filter
cylinder and ribs inside the casing for the plate at the inner end of the casing these
guides keep the filter cylinder in the centre of its casing.
This casing has junctions for pipes conveying the liquid to be filtered and for
mud or sediment collecting in the filter or casing and for a pipe (before referred
to) to take away the filtered liquid, and for a safety valve and also for a steam
or water pipe for washing out the filter in its position when in use, if required.
There is or may be filter material within the casing between its inside and the
exterior of the filter cylinder.
There may be two or more filter cylinders for the same casing so that one may
he in use while the others are being cleaned, and several filter cylinders may if
desired be placed in the same casing arranged for the purpose and when one is
removed its outlet may be closed by a suitable plug.
In some cases there is a separate casing arranged in which the filter cylinders
are placed to be washed and cleaned by steam or suitable liquor forced through
them, the reverse direction to that in which the liquid passes when being filtered.
Secondly. Our invention relates to another improved construction of filters,
formed by two end plates or discs connected by a bolt in the centre between which
there are a series of rings, perforated discs, and discs of filtering cloth or other
suitable material.
Both sets of rings are or may be made up of two annular rings an outer and
inner.ring, connected by a web or arms, and there may be points or projections on
the webs of each ring to support the thin perforated dises.
One set of rings may be termed inlet rings and have holes or notches in the outer
ring, but not in the inner ring. The other set of rings may be termed outlet rings,
and have notches or holes in the inner ring but not in the outer ring. These inlet
and outlet rings are placed alternately and between them are two discs of thio
perforated metal or woven wire, one perforated plate coming against the face of
the outlet and the other against the face of the inlet ring with discs or sheets of
filtering cloth between each pair of perforated discs.
By means of the central bolt which passes through all the central rings and the
two end plates the rings, discs and filtering cloths are pressed and held firmly
together.
The liquid to be filtered passes into the space within the inlet rings through the
holes or notches in its outer ring and then through the perforated disc, then through
the filter cloths then through the other perforated disc into the space within the
outlet ring from which the filtered liquid passes through holes or notches in the
inner ring of the outlet ring.
The inner rings of both the inlet and outlet rings, together with the perforated
discs, and holes in the centre of the filter cloths when secured together form a
continuous central passage closed at one end plate through which passage the
filtered liquid passes, and out at the inner end plate through a central hole in it
having a boss screwed to screw into the outer chamber for the filter rings in which
there is a passage to take away the filtered liquid.
The outer filter chamber is or may be closed by an oval or other lid and a screw
and cross bar, the lid coming inside or another suitable lid may be used.
There are or may be two or more sets of filtering rings, for each chamber so that
one may be in use while another is being cleaned, and one, two or more sets of
filtering rings are or may be arranged in the same chamber which may have inlet
and outlet junctions for liquid passing to and from the filter and outlet junctions
for mud sediment and for steam or liquid for washing out by reverse action and a
safety valve.
Or the filtering set of rings may be washed and cleaned in a separate chamber
arranged for the purpose as herein before described for cylinder filters.

page_text: The liquid to be filtered is forced through the filter, in the case of boiler feed,
by the water feed pump, and when used for filtering lubricant, the lubricant from
the bearings is pumped through the filter and passes back to the bearings to be
lubricated or to a cistern from which it is supplied to the bearings by pipes.
Dated Santamber 5th, 1901
Improvements in Filters or Strainers, more particularly applicable
for Filtering or Straining Boiler Feed Water and Lubricants in
Use, and in Arrangements connected therewith.
We, ALBERT EDWARD SEATON, of Wilton House, Holderness Road,. Hull, in
the County of York, Engineer, and FRANK PEARN of, the Firm Frank Pearn & Co.
Limited, of West Gorton, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Firstly. Our invention relates to an improved construction of filters or
strainers, more especially applicable for filtering or straining boiler feed water,
and Inbricants in use for lubricating the bearings of steam and other engines and
machinery.
"
Our filter or strainer, consists of an open ended cylinder the periphery of which
has a series of slits, holes or perforations through it, which cylinder is covered by
perforated thin metal or woven wire and outside this there are one or more folds of
suitable filtering cloth or material and woven wire or perforated thin metal
plate.
The ends of the filtering cloth which extend a little beyond the ends of the
cylinder when upon it, are turned over and into the ends of the cylinder, and are
held therein or against its ends by two end plates one at each end, each end plate
or cover having an annular or V groove or other formed groove, one side of which
comes against the cloth on the inside of the cylinder and the other side of the V or
other formed groove comes or may come against an inclined ring made in say three
segments, and forces these segments inwards against the cloth on the outside edge
and end of the cylinder, thus firmly securing the turned over ends of the cloth to
the ends of the cylinder.
The outer end plate or cover is closed, and has one end of a long bolt screwed
into its centre, this bult extends in the axis of the filter cylinder to the inner end
plate or cover which has a hole for the bolt to slide through and there is a screw
nut on the bolt on the exterior of the inner end plate or cover by which the two
end plates are drawn tightly against the ends of the cylinder, the V or other
forined grooves acting as above described.
The inner end plate has an annular hole or passage round the boss for the bolt
80 that liquids passing into the filtering cylinder can pass out to the boiler or
elsewhere.
The casing or chamber for the filtering cylinder is a cylinder with a removable
lid at one end secured by screws, the other end being connected up with the pipe
conveying away the filtered liquid.
The inner end of the end plate for the filter cylinder is coned to fit a cone at that
end of the casing cylinder, and one cone is forced and held into the other, Huid
tight, by a set screw in the removable lid, acting upon the centre of the outer end
plate of the filter cylinder.
There are or may be projecting inclined guiding ribs on the outer end plate
of the filter cylinder and ribs inside the casing for the plate at the inner

page_text: GST est guides Keep the miter cymmer in the centre of its
casing.
This casing has junctions for pipes conveying the liquid to be filtered and for
mud or sediment collecting in the filter or casing and for a pipe (before referred to)
to take away the filtered liquid, and if desired, for a safety valve and also for
a steam or water pipe for washing out the filter in its position when in use, if
required.
There is or may be filter material within the casing between its inside, and the
exterior of the filter cylinder.
There may be if desired, two or more filter cylinders for the same casing, so that
one may be in use while the others are being cleaned, and several filter cylinders
may if desired be placed in the same casing arranged for the purpose and when one
is removed, its outlet may be closed by a suitable plug.
In some cases there is a separate casing arranged, in which the filter cylinders
are placed to be washed and cleaned by steam or suitable liquor forced through
them, the reverse direction to that in which the liquid passes when being filtered.
Secondly. Our invention relates to another improved construction of filters,
formed by two end plates or discs connected by a bolt in the centre between which
there are a series of rings, perforated discs, and discs of filtering cloth or other
suitable material.
Both sets of rings are or may be made up of two (or more) annular rings an outer
and inner ring, connected by a web or arms, and there may be points or projections
on the webs of each ring to support the thin perforated discs.
One set of rings may be termed inlet rings and have holes or notches in the
outer ring, but not in the inner ring. The other set of rings may be termed
outlet rings, and have notches or holes in the inner ring but not in the outer
ring. These inlet and outlet rings are placed alternately and between them
are two discs of thin perforated metal or woven wire, one perforated plate
coming against the face of the outlet and the other against the face of the
inlet ring with discs or sheets of filtering cloth between each pair of perforated
discs.
By means of the central bolt which passes through all the central rings and the
two end plates the rings, discs and filtering cloths are pressed and held firmly
together.
The liquid to be filtered passes into the space within the inlet rings through the
holes or notches in its outer ring and then through the perforated disc, then through
the filter cloths then through the other perforated disc into the space within the
outlet ring from which the filtered liquid passes through boles or notches in the
inner ring of the outlet ring.
The inner rings of both the inlet and outlet rings, together with the perforated
discs, and holes in the centre of the filter cloths when secured together form
a continuous central passage closed at one end plate, through which passage the
filtered liquid passes, and out at the inner end plate through a central hole in
it having a boss screwed to screw into the outer chamber for the filter rings (or
it is otherwise arranged) in which there is a passage to take away the filtered
liquid.
The outer filter chamber is or may be closed by an oval or other lid and a screw
and cross bar, the lid coming inside or any other suitable lid may be used, or the
lid may be otherwise arranged.
There are or may be two or more sets of filtering rings, for each chamber so that
one may be in use while another is being cleaned, and one, two or more sets of
filtering rings are or may be arranged in the same chamber, which may have inlet
and outlet junctions for liquid passing to and from the filter and outlet junctions
for mud, sediment and for steam or liquid for washing out by reverse action and a
safety valve.
Or the filtering set of rings may be washed and cleaned in a separate chamber
arranged for the purpose as herein before described for cylinder filters.

page_text: The liquid to be filtered is forced through the filter, in the case of boiler feed,
by the water feed pump, and when used for filtering lubricant, the lubricant from.
the bearings is pumped through the filter and passes back to the bearings to be
lubricated or to a cistern from which it is supplied to the bearings by pipes.
Fig. 1, is an exterior view of the filtering cylinder detached, and
Fig. 2, is a sectional elevation, the section being taken through the axis of
the casing and filtering cylinder-these views illustrating the first part of our-
invention.
Fig. 3, is a sectional elevation.
Fig. 4, a plan section in the line A-B Fig. 3.
Fig. 5, a partial vertical section of the casing to show the duct for liquid passing-
from the supply pipe to the interior of the casing.
Fig. 6, is an exterior elevation of a set of rings when bolted together forming a.
battery of filtering rings.
Fig. 7, is a sectional elevation of a combination of seren batteries of filtering
rings, or a battery of seven sets of rings, and
Fig. 8, is a plan section of the same.
Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive illustrate the second part of our invention.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a, is an open ended cylinder, the periphery of which is perforated
with numerous slits or holes.
a¹, is a cover for one end of the filtering cylinder.a, in the centre of the interior
of which one end of a bolt a³, is screwed that passes through a hole in the centre of
the cover a³, for the other end of the cylinder and there is a screw nut on the end
of the bolt a, for drawing the two end covers a¹ and a³, towards the ends of the
filtering cylinder a.
•
The periphery of the filtering cylinder a, is or may be covered with wire
gauze and then suitable filtering cloth a', is wound round the cylinder in several
folds.
Or the wire gauze and filtering cloth is or may be wound upon the cylinder a,.
simultaneously and then there will be an alternate layer of wire gauze and one, two-
or more layers of filtering cloths as desired, and the gauze may wrap at the finish
once round without filtering cloth, if desired.
The filtering cloth and wire gauze a', extends a little past each end of the
filtering cylinder a, so that it can be turned over its end, the annular, V or other
groove in the side of each cover a¹ and a³, coming against the turned over part of
the filtering cloth and wire gauze at, so that when the end covers are drawn towards:
each other by the screw bolt, a tight joint will be made between the ends of the
cylinder a, and the two covers or caps a' and a³.
One cap
or cover (a³) is coned on its exterior to fit an internal cone formed in.
the end of the casing b, fluid tight.
There may be a groove formed in the cone end of the cover a³ for an elastic-
ring of india rubber or other suitable packing material so as to make a joint when
the cone end of the filter cylinder cover a³, is forced into the internal cone in the
casing b.
The end of the casing &, has a cover b', which is or may be secured to the end of
the casing b, fluid tight by bolts, and a packing ring, if desired.
6, is a set screw passing through the cover b', for holding the cone end of the
cover a³, in the internal cone in the casing.
The side of the casing bas a junction, for the pipe bringing the liquid to the
filter, which liquid fills the casing b, and passes through the filtering or straining
material into the interior of the cylinder a, which may have filtering material in its
interior, and the filtered liquid passes out through openings or slits a³, in the cone
ended cover and into a junction 63, on the casing 6, for the pipe taking the filtered
liquid away.
There is on one side of the casing b, a hole, which is or may be closed by a
screw plug A.

page_text: This is for cleaning out the casing and filter. Instead of a screw plug there may
be a cock.
The filter may be arranged by a suitable cock on the outlet from the filter
so that the passage to the boiler or other receptacle for filtered liquid may be
closed and then steam or water under pressure may be passed into the exit end (3)
of the filter to enter the interior of the filtering cylinder a, and pass through it to
the inlet, or the passage from this may be closed by a cock and the liquid may
pass out through the hole closed by the screw plug, or through a cock, this
arrangement being used for washing out the filter and allowing the dirty liquid to
pass away.
If required the filter may be arranged to pass the liquid through the filter
either way.
The filter or strainer illustrated by Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive will next be described.
This filter consists of a series of rings which will be hereinafter termed "filtering
rings, they may be round, square or of other suitable form, round by preference.
Each filtering ring may be formed by three annular rings one within the other
connected by arms, the arms and inner rings having holes through them.
One filtering ring may be termed an inlet ring (c) and it has holes in its
outer ring.
The other filtering rings may be termed outlet rings c', and these rings have no
holes in the side of the outer ring, but have holes in the sides of the inner ring.
The liquid to be filtered passes into the inlet ring and the filtered liquid passes out
from the outlet ring, but the direction may be reversed so that an inlet ring becomes
an outlet ring, and an outlet ring an inlet ring.
These filtering rings c and c', are placed alternately one over the other, but there
is a thin plated, at the end of each ring (c or c¹) having numerous small perferations
and between the thin plates d, there are one or more folds or thicknesses (discs) of
filtering cloth or material e.
The bottom filtering ring may be an outlet ring e', upon it there is the thin
perforated disc of metal d, then filtering cloths or material e, then another thin
perforated disc of metal d, then an inlet ring c, and so on.
In the vacant spaces both within the inlet and outlet rings c and c¹,
suitable filtering material.
there may
be
There is a bottom disc, having a stem f', triangular in cross section rising from
its centre, and the corners of this triangular stem touch or nearly so, the inner
surface of each centre ring of the inlet and outlet rings and e, and thus keeps
them central and leaves a space open for filtered liquid round the triangular sided
stem.
The inlet and outlet rings are alternately placed on the stem, and then the last
ring (in Fig. 3, it is an outiet ring c) is covered by an end disc or plate f*, which
can be screwed by the nut upon the stem f', to compress all the inlet and outlet
rings the thin perforated discs, and the filtering cloth discs, firmly together.
It will be seen that liquid may enter the holes in the exterior ring of an inlet
ring, pass through the holes in the thin disc of metal d, through the filtering
material or cloth e, through the holes in the other thin metal disc d, into the interior
of the outlet ring, and then pass through the holes in the side of its inuer ring
into the spaces round the triangular stem f1.
The inlet rings c, do not communicate with the space round the triangular stem
but do communicate with the casing g, and the outlet rings e, do not communicate
with the casing (except through the inlet rings) but with the space round the
triangular stem f¹.
The inlet and outlet filtering rings are bolted together as shown in Fig. 6, and
are then placed in the casing 7, the lower disc f, fitting a groove in the bottom of
the casing g, fluid tight.
There may be an elastic packing ring at the bottom of the groove to make the
joint more perfect.

page_text: The upper end of the casing g, is closed by a lid y', secured by bolts to an internal
Hange or to lugs, and there is a set screw 9, in the centre of the lid g', having a
lock nut g³, on its exterior, the inner end of this set screw g², comes against a cap g',
over the nut of the upper end of the battery of rings and by this means the lower
disc f, can be held tight against its seating at the bottom of the casing.
Below the inner bottom of the casing there is a cavity gs, which has or may have
a hole g, which may be secured by a screw plug, or the pipe may be connected with
this hole for conveying the filtered liquid away. There are also other holes closed
by screw plugs 7 and 8, or by cocks for cleaning out the casing g, and cavity g³,
below its inner bottom.
There are or may be passages formed in the casing g, provided with screw cocks
or valves by which liquid may be controlled as follows.
If the
The liquid to be filtered is or may be brought by a pipe h, and if the valve h', is
opened and the valve, is shut, it will pass into the interior of the casing g,
through a duct h, as shown in Fig. 4, and will pass out from the chamber
through the valve ³, when opened to the pipe h for conveying it away.
valve h', is shut and the middle valve h2, is open, and valve ³, is shut, the liquid
will pass from the inlet pipe , to the outlet pipe ³, without passing through the
filter.
If a cock is placed in the outlet pipe 5, and it is shut, and the valve h', is shut
and the valves and h³, are open, the inlet liquid will pass through the valve A³,
into the chamber g, up the centre passage for the triangular stem, through the
outlet holes in the outlet rings e, through the filtering material into the inlet rings c,
out at the holes in their peripheries and into the casing 9, and may then pass out at
the hole closed by the screw plug g', or through a cock in this hole and thus the
filter may be washed out..
If from the washing out cock at 9', a pipe is taken, it may convey the dirty
liquid away, or if it is desired to filter in the reverse direction, the pipe from the
cock at y, may be made to form a junction with the pipe h, taking the filtered
liquid away, the junction with this pipe being on the outlet side of the cock
supposed to be on that pipe . Thus arranged the filtering could be alternately
first in one and then in the other direction, provision being arranged to allow the
first dirty liquid to pass away when each reversal took place.
Figs. 7 and 8 will be understood by the above explanation of Figs. 3 to 6, as
it is only a large casing to hold seven batteries e, of filtering rings.
The casings g, may be made to suit any desired number of batteries c, of
filtering rings.
The mode of arranging the batteries of filtering rings, may be varied, for
instance the bottom plate, may have three bolts at equal distances apart upon its
circumference, rising vertically the centre stein, being in this case dispensed
with.
Then the filtering rings c and c', are placed one over the other the three bolts
forming guides on their exterior peripheries to keep them centrally one over the
other, then there is top plate, and then a three armed frame with a slot concentric
with the filtering rings, one end of each slot open, so that the three armed frame may
by a partial turn bring all the slots on the bolts and under a head at the upper end
of each bolt. There is a set screw in the centre of the three armed frame, the
end of which will come upon the upper disc plate, and compress the rings
together. The bottom plate corresponding to , Fig. 3, in this case has a boss
which is screw threaded to screw into a screw, tapped hole in the bottom of the
casing there being a packing washer on the boss to make a tight joint.
1
The screw 9, and cap 9', used in the arrangement illustrated by Fig. 3, is
dispensed with in this last described arrangement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, it is to be understood that
we are aware of the Specification of the Letters Patent No. 19,925 of 1892

page_text: granted to Anthony Harris and we wish it to be understood that we do not claim
anything described or claimed therein, and we declare that what we claim is:-
1. The combination and arrangement of a filtering cylinder whereby the over-
lapping ends of the filtering cloth are secured to the ends of the cylinder by end
covers, and the filtering cylinder is then secured into its casing substantially as
bereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of filters or strainers substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of filtering rings (c and e¹) or their
equivalents when held together by two or more bolts (three by preference) at the
exterior of the rings (thus dispensing with the central bolt f, Fig. 3) the lower
disc (corresponding with the dise, Fig. 3) having a screwed boss to screw into
and make a fluid tight joint with the bottom of the filtering casing (g, Figs. 3, 4
and 5) substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The combination and arrangement of mechanism or apparatus substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 3 to 6 of the
drawings.
5. The combination and arrangement of mechanism or apparatus substantially
as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8 and
also by reference to Figs. to 6 of the drawings.
Dated this Fourth day of July 1805
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.