IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- BATUS FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre François Joly, Civil Engineer, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
BATUS FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre François Joly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st September 1857.
I, PIERRE FRANÇOIS JOLY, Civil Engineer, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS POR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM," to be as
follows:-
I arrange a series of horizontal tubes immediately over the furnace fire in
rows placed a little distance the one above the other, and in number and
extent according to the size or requirements of the steam generator. The
back ends of these boiler tubes which contain the water to generate the steam
rest on the fire bridge or back part of the fire-place, while the front ends
project through the front of the furnace, and are suitably enclosed by caps
which maintain a communication between the lower boiler tube and the one
immediately above it. The main feed pipe of the water passes across the
front of the boiler, and has a small branch to each of the lower generating
tubes by which the water is injected. From the back ends of the upper row
of generating tubes each tube has a pipe rising and conveying the steam
generated into another series of tubes, in which it is dried and superheated.
These tubes I place in a vertical position in a heating chamber immediately
[Price 8d.1

page_text: behind the fire-bridge, through which the products of combustion pass from
the furnace. The pipe conveying the steam from the generating tube to the
first tube of a row in the series of drying and superheating tubes descends to
nearly the bottom of that tube; from the first drying tube it passes by another
pipe in the form of a syphon into the second drying tube of the row. The
syphon pipe receives the steam from the upper part of the first drying tube
and descending into the second delivers it near the bottom, and so on through
the whole row of drying and superheated tubes. These tubes are inserted
through the top of the furnaces,and are furnished with caps or covers and
flanges suitable for thejuuction and insertion of the syphon pipes; from thelast
drying tube of the row a pipe communicates with the main pipereceiving all
the branch pipes from the several rows of tubes of which the whole may
consist, by which the dried and superheated steam is conducted into a
reservoir, which is also subject to the action of the heat of the furnace,and
from which reservoir of steam the supply is withdrawn for any purpose for
which it may be required. This reservoir is furnished with safety valve, and
also with a pipe descending to the bottom, by which it may be emptied.
It will be observed that each pair or row of generating tubes placed one
above the other in the furnace are in connection with a separate row orseries
of drying or superheating tubes, and are only in communication by being
united with the same feed and steam reservoir; the whole apparatus therefore
may consist simply of one series of generating and superheating tubes, or of
several rows or series, according to the extent of boiler required, and according
to which also the size or capacity of such tubes may be regulated.
I construct the sides of the furnace & chamber containing the superheating
tubes of fire-bricks, and enclose the whole within a covering of plate iron,"
which may be of a double thickness, and contain water to be heated for the
feed or for any other purpose required.
Instead of arranging the generating and superheating tubes in the longi-
tudinal, horizontal, and vertical positions as described, they may be placed in
other positions, taking care that pipes of communication transmit and convey
the steam as described.
By this apparatus the steam is first generated in the tubes containing the
water over the furnace, then passes thence to a first drying or superheating
tube, where it is partially dried or superheated, then to a second, third, and so
on, until it has been sufficiently acted on in each drying tube, having to
traverse the full length, and expanding to fill the capacity, and then passed
through a small pipe into the next superheating tube in succession.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre François Joly in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
FRANÇOIS JOLY, Civil Engineer, of Paris, in the Empire of France, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Pierre François Joly, Her special licence that I, the said Pierre François
Joly, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Pierre François Joly, my executors, administrators, and assigns,should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Pierre François Joly, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre François Joly, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to a new steam generator simple in its working and
construction; it is composed of, first, several series of tubes termed boiler tubes,
closed at their lower part and suspended vertically above the fire-place by a
metal plate; secondly, several series of tubes for superheating the steam,
suspended in the same manner as the boiler tubes, and all abutting in a
reservoir placed at the extremity of the generator, and on the top of which are
placed the steam pipe, the pipe of the pressure guage, and the blowing-out
pipe for cleaning the generator.

page_text: The plate supporting the boiler tubes may be in a single piece or in several
pieces; its strength is proportioned to the weight it has to bear, and it has
holes pierced through its thickness in number equal to that of the boiler tubes,
which enter freely therein from the top, and are retained therein by means of
a ring or ferrule. The openings of each row of boiler tubes are covered with
a metal hood or bonnet; this hood carries a tube descending into each of the
boiler tubes; this dipping tube extends nearly to the bottom of the boiler tubes,
and it is through this descending tube that the water in the feed pump enters
into the boiler tubes, while the steam generated escapes from the boiler tubes
by ascending towards the plate between the interior surfaces of the boiler
tubes and the exterior of the dipping tubes. A groove made in the length of
each hood gives easy passage to the steam to pass into the conducting tubes,
where it is superheated before passing to the reservoir. The superheating
tubes, like the boiler tubes, are hermetically closed at their lower part, and
are suspended from and supported by a metal plate in like manner. All the
upper openings of each superheating tube are covered by a metal hood pierced
with two holes facing each of the said openings. A small dipping tube is
fixed firmly and immoveably in one of the two holes; it is through this
dipping tube that the steam enters and descends to the bottom of the super-
heating tubes, and in reascending to the hood it is superheated by contact
around the exterior of the superheating tubes; it leaves the hood by the
second opening, which is entirely free. These small dipping tubes placed in
the boiler and superheating tubes, through which the water and steam enter,
are employed in order that the water and the steam shall enter into larger
areas, and consequently flow at a slower rate as they progress, which permits
the one being more easily vaporized and the other more easily superheated.
The hood of the superheating tubes covers a whole length of the plate com-
prising a series of tubes; a channel made in the thickness of the hood extends
throughout the whole row of one series of superheating tubes; at the opening
of each superheating tube in the channel itself, and between the two openings,
there is a partition, which causes the steam to enter through the small dipping
tubes into the corresponding superheating tubes, and leave by the other
opening, and pass by means of another part of the same groove into the
superheating tube contiguous thereto, and so on until it reaches the reservoir
whence it is employed.
The arrangement of this new apparatus enables the examination at will of
the interior of the tubes of which it consists, and removing therefrom the
deposits or incrustations which may be formed therein, and thus cleansing the
whole apparatus in a few hours. Besides, in order to avoid deposits and

page_text: incrustations as much as possible and to dispense with much cleaning, a
simple condenser, on the same principle as the generator, may be applied.
This principle consists in obliging the steam, on its escape, to traverse a series
of very thin small copper tubes placed parallel in order to present a large
refrigerating surface in a small space. This series of tubes is placed at the
bottom of a trough in which there is always a current of cold water which is
unceasingly renewed. The water which runs into the trough is lost, but the
steam which is condensed in the series of copper tubes is collected and gives
a quantity of distilled water nearly equal to that which has been used; in fact,
it is nearly always the same water which is used, for there is merely a slight
and inevitable loss to be replaced.
It is understood that I reserve the right of augmenting or diminishing the
number and size of the boiler and conducting tubes. I also reserve the power
of substituting for the superheating tubes, such as they have been described,
a new arrangement, consisting of a series of U-shaped tubes communicating
with each other by means of a metal hood, in the thickness of which, channels
are made for the passage of the steam from one tube to another; these
tubes force the steam to circulate from one tube to the other, and do not
communicate together except by U-shaped tubes. This arrangement is
represented in central vertical section at Fig. 4.
The whole of the boiler and superheating tubes are enclosed, according to
circumstances, iu, first, a casing entirely of bricks; or, secondly, asingle sheet
iron casing lined with bricks; or, thirdly, a double sheet iron casing, forming a
reservoir of water for the feed.
These systems of steam generators are applicable to all stationary and
locomotive steam engines, but they present an immense advantage when
applied to marine engines.
This system of steam generator is represented in the Drawings hereunto
annexed, in which Fig. 1 represents a central longitudinal vertical section
through the line 1, 2, Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a general plan and section through the
line 3, 4, Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, an end view partly in transverse section through
the line 5, 6, Fig. 1.
A, boiler tubes of iron; a, tubes descending or dipping therein and supplying
the feed; B, superheating tubes; b, small tubes dipping therein serving to
introduce the steam into the superheating tubes, and to retard its progress by
opening into the superheating tubes, which are of large diameter; e, channel
made in the cast-iron hood for the passage of the steam from the boilers to
the superheating tubes; d, tube receiving the feed water for all the boiler

page_text: tubes; c, supply tubes for each series of boiler tubes; f, channels made in the
hood for the passage of the steam between the different superheating tubes
which receive several small dipping tubes b, b; g, tube receiving the-steam
from the series of superheating tubes in order to conduct it to the reservoir;
H, reservoir of steam; h, descending tube for the escape of the steam from
the reservoir; I, double sheet iron casing forming a reservoir of water for
supplying the boiler; J, fire grate; o, o, steam chambers at the outlet of the
boiler and superheating tubes, in order to establish equilibrium in the pressure
of the steam.
Besides the arrangement herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings annexed, I reserve the right of establishing a passage of communi-
cation for the water and steam between the boiler and superheating tubes
by means of, first, small arched tubes fixed to every two several tubes con-
secutively; secondly, two superposed flat plates in which small grooves aro
made, also establishing the communication.
The superheating tubes may also be formed of U-shaped tubes communi-
cating with each other. They may be connected by either of the three systems
described above.
Figs. 4 and 5 give an example of this arrangement; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal
section through a series of tubes; and Fig. 5, a transverse section through a
series of tubes. a, a, U-shaped tubes; b, plate in which the upper ends of
the U-shaped tubes are fixed; c, supports; d, hoods forming the requisite
communication.
The superheating tubes may also be formed of straight tubes attached to
upper and lower plates. Figs. 6 and 7. illustrate this arrangement; Fig. 6 is
a longitudinal section through a series of tubes, and Fig. 7 is a transverse
section through a series of tubes.
a, straight tubes; b, b, plates in which the ends of the straight tubes are
fixed; c, hoods forming the communication, which, as in the other case, may
be replaced by any of the three methods described above. This arrangement
of straigh tubes may be placed horizontally in the transverse or longitudinal
direction; when arranged horizontally it is well so to dispose the tubes that
the hoods c on each side may be out of the contact of the products of com-
bustion, and so arranged as readily to permit the examination of the joints.
Instead of dividing the U-shaped tubes or the straight tubes into longi-
tudinal rows or series, traversed by the steam passing from one series of boiler
tubes, they may be divided into transverse series, in which case there will be
a steam chamber terminating each transverse row of superheating tubes,

page_text: which chamber establishes communication with another transverse row of
U-shaped or straight tubes. Hence equilibrium of pressure in all parts of
the steam generator results immediately.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the generator described above, characterized:-1, by the subdivision
of the vessels producing steam, in order to prevent explosion; 2, by boiler
tubes, either vertical or horizontal, for the production of steam, such tubes
being enveloped in the flame of the furnace; 3, by superhcating tubes for the
purpose of drying the steam, such tubes being also heated by the products of
combustion in passing to the chimney; 4, by small descending or dipping tubes
a and b, as tubes of communication between the boiler tubes and between the
superheating tubes; these dipping tubes are of small diameter, and conduct
the water and the steam into the boiler tubes A and into the superheating
tubes B respectively, which are both of much greater diameter, for the
purpose of retarding the speed of the water and steam, in order to allow them
to be heated and superheated during a greater length of time; 5, by the
arrangement of the steam chambers established at the outlet of the boiler
tubes and reheaters, for the purpose of establishing equilibrium of pressure in
the various producers; 6, by the terminal reservoir H, where the steam from
all parts of the generator accumulates.
Secondly, I claim the various means of establishing communication between
the various tubes, by means of a double metal plate, as represented in Figs.
1, 2, and 3.
Thirdly, I claim the arrangement of the steam generator with U-shaped
tubes represented in Figs. 4 and 5.
Fourthly, I claim the arrangement of straight tubes with double plates,
represented at Figs. 6 and 7, disposed either horizontally or vertically.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre François Joly, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
my
JOLY. (L.S.)