matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Howorth Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1858.
I, FREDERICK HOWORTH EDWARDS, of Gateshead-on-Tyne Iron Works,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of an air cushion contained within a
metallic cylinder, having its inner end closed, such cushion being acted upon
and compressed by a plunger, of such form as is calculated to restrict the
area thereof exposed to unsupported pressure, and to maintain that area
invariable during the whole travel of the plunger. For this purpose the inner
or closed end of the cylinder is, by preference, hemispherical, and the inner
end of the plunger is also of this form, but of a smaller radius, and the
diameter of the plunger is so much smaller than that of the cylinder as to
admit of its causing the cushion to fold in between the plunger and the
cylinder as the former is driven inwards, in such a manner as to support as
required the part of the cushion which is under pressure by the condensed air.
The plunger may also have a collar on it, in order to support the fold of the
cushion or envelope when the pressure within the same is greatest. The

page_text: envelope for the air may be composed of any suitable flexible and impervious
material, but I prefer to employ for the purpose vulcanized india-rubber
combined with canvas. The envelope is inflated with air at atmospheric
pressure, or the air may, if required, be supplied thereto at a greater pressure ;
and a small quantity of water is also furnished, in order to prevent any injury
to the envelope from the heating of the air by its compression. The envelope
when thus inflated and furnished with water is hermetically sealed, and
placed in the cylinder to form the air cushion above referred to.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SOCKS, DRAWERS, AND OTHER GARMENTS MADE OP KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1858.
I, GEORGE CHAPMAN, of the firm of Pegg and Chapman, of Leicester, in the
County of Leicester, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SOCKS, DRAWERS, AND OTHER GARMENTS MADE
OP KNITTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in working in or introducing into the tops of socks
and knitted gloves, the extremities of the legs of drawers, the extremities of
the arms of under shirts, and into other knitted garments a thread or threads
of caoutchouc in order to cause those parts to adhere to the leg or other part
of the body, according to the article manufactured, in a manner superior to that
now obtained or sought to be obtained by "ribbing."
AN IMPROVED PRESSURE GAUGE FOR STEAM, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gordon Picking and Thomas
Paramore Purssglove at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th August 1858.
We, JOHN GORDON PICKING, and THOMAS PARAMORE PURSSGLOVE, both of
Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRESSURE GAUGE FOR STEAM, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
When it has been required to gauge high pressures, the instrument known
a the mercury gauge has been either elongated to an inconvenient height, or
has had to be superseded by some of the ordinary pressure gauges, these
pressure gauges being open to serious objection on account of their liability to
get out of order, and the mercury gauge being the most correct and satisfactory
in its indications, has suggested the following arrangement or Invention :-
Our Invention consists in an arrangement of a series of pairs of tubes, each
pair forming in itself a mercury gauge similar to the one commonly known as
such. For the purpose of registering pressures, and of obtaining an instrument
of a convenient or portable form, we take a number of tubes, placing them
side by side in a vertical position, and connecting them together at the bottom
and top alternately, so as to form a continuous pipe; into this pipe we pour
mercury, until it rises in each leg to half the vertical height thereof; having
done this, we fill up the remaining space in each one with water, or any other

page_text: fluid. We attach one end of this pipe to the boiler or other vessel whose
pressure it is required to ascertain; and to the other end of the pipe we attach
a graduated scale to register the pressure by the rise and fall of the mercury
in the last leg. Upon the pressure being turned on, it will be found that as
the mercury in the first leg is depressed and forced into the next in com-
munication, so will the mercury in every alternate leg be depressed, owing to
the intervention of the water or other fluid. These columns, thus arranged,
will have the same effect as if they formed one vertical column of mercury
equal to the sum of their heights, minus the sum of the water pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING THE WASTE OF WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS MANUFACTURES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Wood, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR CLEANSING THE WASTE OF WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS MANUFACTURES."
Sealed the 25th May 1858, and dated the 30th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1858.
I, BENJAMIN WOOD, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING THE WASTE OF WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS MANU-
FACTURES," to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus is constructed in the following manner :-The
woollen or other waste is placed upon an endless travelling belt or feeder
which carries it to a pair of feeding rollers through which it passes to the
main cylinder. This cylinder is furnished with a roller and clearer similar to
those of an ordinary carding engine; the cylinder then carries the waste under
a partition to a roller covered with strong wire cards or other material, which
has the effect of raising the hard substances to the surface of the main cylinder.

page_text: The material under operation then passes forward to the doffing cylinder, which
revolves at a slower rate than the main cylinder and works in close contact
with it. At this place all the rags and other hard substances are separated
from the loose or available fibres, the hard substances being thrown under the
machine by the aid of another roller underneath between the main cylinder
and the doffing cylinder. The material is ultimately stripped from the doffing
cylinder by a doffing roller covered with emery or other suitable substance,
which also serves to keep the cards of the doffing cylinder clean and pointed.
The material may be stripped by means of combs as in the ordinary scribbling
or carding engine, but the emery doffing roller is preferable; the material
thus stripped falls from the machine down a sloping doffing board.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'SELF-ACTING TEMPLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Collier Leech and John
Leech at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th November 1858.
We, SAMUEL COLLIER LEECH and JOHN LEECH, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'SELF-ACTING
TEMPLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in the construction of temples consists, first, in the
employment of wooden rollers or cylinders revolving upon an axis, and each
suitably furnished or clothed with pins or points, and are also provided with
guards or covers moving upon the same axis. These rollers or "temples
are mounted at each end of a horizontal bar which extends across the loom
(its upper surface being level with the peripheries of the "temples"), and is
jointed near the middle of its length to be adjustable to the width of the
loom, and also at each end for the adjustment of the " temples." The
horizontal bar is rivitted or hinge-jointed upon brackets in such a manner
that it may move or vibrate laterally upon such brackets, which are secured
to the framing of the loom. The fabric is distended between the "temples,"
and bears upon the upper surface of the bar, which has the effect of distending
the fabric in a direct line across the loom, and of preventing the usual curving
thereof, as when any uneven strain is exerted upon the fabric the temples and
bar move laterally, and thereby equalize the tension of the fabric.
AN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES, AND FOR WASHING SANDS AND EARTHS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1858.-A communication from Alphonse Prestel.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES, AND FOR WASHING SANDS AND EARTHS," (communicated to
me by Alphonse Prestel, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This apparatus is constructed as hereafter explained. At the top of a vessel,
in the shape of an inverted cone, there is supported a receiving and mixing
pan, broad at top and tapering towards the bottom, having an exit through a
central aperture closed by a plug or stopper. Inside this pan is an agitator
fitted with many blades, the shaft of which is connected by bevil or other
gear to some prime mover for the purpose of communicating motion to the
agitator blades, to stir up and mix the contents of the pan. A supply pipe
conducts water into the pan from a head of water or from a receiving trough,
hereafter mentioned, through a pump. In the bottom and tapering end of
the conical vessel two or more cocks or slides are fitted, so as to divide the
vessel at that part into separate chambers. Before commencing operations
the conical vessel is filled with water to a certain height, and just above that
level a cock is fitted into the side of the vessel for the purpose of conveying
any liquid rising above the level into a trough in which a pump is fitted to

page_text: raise the water, where necessary, into the receiving and mixing pan.
Auriferous sand or other material to be operated upon is placed in the
. receiving pan, together with water, to which may be added chemical agents
to assist in effecting the separation of the metallic particles from the sand.
The agitator is set going and kept in motion for a period varying according to
the quality of the sand. The effect of the washing and agitation will be to
cause the metallic particles to be deposited round the tapering bottom of the
pan outside the plug or stopper, which being raised allows these particles to
fall into the water in the conical vessel, and to become deposited in the
chambers at the bottom thereof.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF GIVING ALARM IN CASES OF FIRE IN HOUSES, SHIPS, OR OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1858.-A communication from François Tovo, of Turin, in
the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Í, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF GIVING ALARM IN CASES OF
FIRE IN HOUSES, SHIPS, OR OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
The Invention forming the subject of the present application consists in the
employment of a number of threads or cords composed of some combustible
substance, leading from the place or places where a fire is likely to take place,
or laid upon objects which, during a fire, would be the first to take fire; and
these threads or cords becoming ignited on the first outbreak of the fire, it will
be communicated almost instantaneously to one or more small grenades placed
either under the flooring or in any other part of oue or more chambers
situated in any suitable part of the building where the grenades would explode
without danger, and thereby immediately give the alarm. Besides these small
grenades inside the building the combustible threads or cords might be made
to communicate with larger grenades, or with a Bengal light, or some other
audible or visible and luminous signal situate outside, and which by exploding
or becoming luminous, would attract attention and alarm the surrounding
neighbourhood within a certain distance from the building, which has taken
fire.

page_text: The combustible threads or cords may be protected from damp by enclosing
them in tubes made of gutta percha or some other suitable material, &
provided with small holes at certain distances apart, in order to facilitate the
combustion of the threads or cords.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN TURNING AND CUTTING METALS
Year: 1858

page_text: 1000000
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Slater and Samuel Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th February 1858.
We, WILLIAM SLATER, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and SAMUEL SMITH, of the same Place, Foreman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE
USED IN TURNING AND CUTTING METALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists, first, in an improved chuck, to be
used in ordinary lathes for turning. This improved chuck is made with a
moveable slide, so arranged that when the article to be turned, or the mandril
is placed in the chuck, it is retained in a perfectly central position by
tightening up a set screw. This improved chuck may be made compound,
that is, with two slides placed at right angles to each other.
Our improvements in machinery for cutting metals consist of a revolving
spindle, to which motion is given in a line with its axis. The article to be
cut is held in a stationary vice or other suitable instrument. The cutting
instrument is fitted into the end of the spindle, and is brought by suitable
levers against the article to be cut. This machine is particularly useful in
rounding up the ends of bolts, screws, and other articles; it can, however, be

page_text: used to make centre or other holes in the ends of shafts, and in footsteps for
spindles, and for various other purposes. The spindle may remain stationary,
and the motion may be given to the vice or other instrument in which the
article is held.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dewar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1858.
I, JOHN DEWAR, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Boot Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a simple, economical, and effective system of cutting
out and forming to shape the upper leathers of boots and other coverings for
the feet. The "uppers" are cut out of a flat piece of leather to the usual
external contour in the ordinary way, the leather being cut double, so as to
insure accuracy of form. Each upper includes the whole of the leather
forming the shoe, except the sole, the "quarters" being allowed for in the
solid piece of leather forming what is usually the "upper;" each piece of
leather is cut through at the two ankle portions, where the quarters are
ordinarily joined on, so as to form an inclined or sloping slit on each side. In
this condition the leather is crimped to form the instep portion to the required
shape on a wooden crimping block. The slotted portions at the ankles are
now filled up, either with elastic gusset pieces or otherwise, such filling-up

page_text: pieces being sewn to the edges of the slits, the open condition of the leather
affording great facilities for doing this. The leather so cut and crimped and
fitted with the elastic side pieces, is now in a condition for sewing up at the
extremity of the heel and for the attachment of the sole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING VELVET RIBBONS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Casey and James Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th May 1858.
We, JOHN CASEY, Silk Manufacturer, and JAMES HUGHES, Silk Weaver,
both of Spital Square, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING VELVET RIBBONS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to weave two or more velvet ribbons simul-
taneously and in the same loom, with firm selvages, or such as are produced
when velvet ribbons are woven singly. For this purpose we use several shuttles
and limit their traverse movements to the traverse through their respective
warps. These shuttles we mount in a race which is capable of sliding up and
down in guides formed for it on the face of the batten or slay. This movement
we require in order to prevent the weft threads from lapping round the pile wires.
and forming loops in the selvage. To facilitate the cutting out of the wires,.
we provide a cutting board, which rises up to the fabric to sustain the down
pressure of the cutting knife. The rise and fall of the shuttle race and of the
cutting board may be effected by means of treaddles, or the jacquard apparatus.
may be employed to give these movements.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1858.
I, JOHN HENDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for measuring fluids, to be applied to
taps, pipes, or passages through which the fluid to be measured passes, and bas
for object convenience in using it, cleanliness, economy of time, and prevention
The apparatus is designed for measuring off separate portions of
fluids, and may be used by druggists and other retailers.
According to one modification, it consists of a glass vessel fitted to the pipe
through which the fluid has egress from the reservoir or vessel containing it.
As constructed for measuring liquids, the glass vessel communicates by its
bottom with the pipe, at a point between two stop-cocks or valves with which
the pipe is fitted. The glass vessel is either open or closed at its upper end,
an air hole being provided in the latter case, and it is graduated to show the
quantities of liquid in it when filled up to various levels. In using the
apparatus the inner stop-cock or that between the reservoir and the glass
measuring vessel is first opened, the outer stop-cock being closed, and the

page_text: liquid is allowed to flow into the measuring vessel, until it attains the level
corresponding to the quantity wanted to be drawn off or measured. The inner
stop-cock is then closed and the outer one opened, when the liquid contained
in the measuring vessel flows off into a glass or vessel placed to receive it.
The measuring vessel may be made of any other suitable material instead of
glass, provided arrangements are made for showing the quantity of fluid in it.
In a modification of the apparatus arranged for measuring gas, the
measuring vessel is, by preference, inverted, and the gas is made to displace
water or other suitable liquid when flowing into it, the liquid refilling the
measuring vessel on the egress of the gas.
The arrangement or construction, and the manner of applying the apparatus
may be modified in various ways; but the Invention consists essentially in
measuring off portions of a fluid by means of a measuring vessel fitted to the
pipe or passage through which the fluid passes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Boydell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1858.
I, JAMES BOYDELL, of 65, Gloucester Crescent, Camden Town, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for propelling
vessels. For these purposes the crank shaft in each case is caused to rotate by
engines worked by preference by steam, but they may be worked by air or other
fluids, and in addition to the ordinary steam engine or engines two additional
steam cylinders are used, each having its piston, piston rod, and connecting
rod, and these additional steam cylinders are constantly open to the steam
boiler or boilers in such manner that the steam may pass freely to and from
the cylinders and the boiler or boilers. These two additional cylinders are by
preference forward of the crank axle or shaft to which the paddle wheels are
affixed, and such cylinders are fixed horizontally, their central axes being in
a direction fore and aft of the ship or vessel. The connecting rods from these
two additional cylinders are connected to crank pins on the driving shaft or
axle in such manner that one piston will finish its stroke at the forward end
of its cylinder as the piston in the other cylinder finishes its stroke at the
back end of its cylinder. By these arrangements, when the vessel is being

page_text: propelled forward, the steam from the steam boiler or boilers will be entering
and filling the forward end of one of the additional steam cylinders, whilst the
steam in the other additional steam cylinders will by the piston therein be
driven forward against the back surface of the forward cover of that cylinder.
and into the boiler or boilers, and thus will there be a constant tendency of
the steam to press the forward corners of the two additional cylinders in
a forward direction, and consequently the ship or vessel in which the cylinders
are fixed, and at the same time the steam will at all times bo tending to press
back one of the pistons towards the driving shaft or axle in such manner as
to tend to drive the shaft or axle round in the forward direction, whilst the
other piston is being forced forward in such manner as to force tho steam
against the forward cover of its steam cylinder; thus under all circumstances
the steam and the movements of the mechanism are tending to force the
vessel or ship forward. In like manner may air or other fluid be used in
the two additional cylinders in place of steam. The additional cylinders are
to be arranged in such manner that the steam or other fluid may be made to
enter on the reverse sides of the pistons to those above described when the
ship or vessel is to make stern way, and tho reverse sides of the pistons in
each case to those on which the steam or other fluid is for the time acting
are to be open to the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE PISTONS, PISTON RODS, CYLINDERS, AND OTHER PARTS OF STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES, AND WHICH IS APPLI- CABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES WHERE LUBRICATING MATTER IS REQUIRED
Year: 1858

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tatham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1858.
I, WILLIAM TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE PISTONS, PISTON RODS,
CYLINDERS, AND OTHER PARTS OF STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES, AND WHICH IS APPLI-
CABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES WHERE LUBRICATING MATTER IS REQUIRED," to be as
follows:-
Firstly, I form certain parts of the pistons, piston rods, or cylinders of
steam or other engines, hollow, tubular, grooved, or with openings in one or
more parts thereof to contain, convey, or regulate the quantity of lubricating
matter required.
Secondly, I arrange and apply one or more reservoirs, pipes, or tubes, to
certain parts of the said pistons, piston rods, or cylinders for the same
purpose.
Thirdly, I arrange and apply one or more valves, clacks, pistons, taps, or
pumps to the same, and for the same purpose.
And, fourthly, I work or actuate the said valves, clacks, pistons, taps, or
pumps either by the engine itself or by other suitable means.
A KIND OF GARMENT WHICH MAY RECEIVE DIFFERENT FORMS ACCORDING TO THE WILL OF THE WEARER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Clovis Dieulafait at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th September 1858.
I, JULES CLOVIS DIEULAFAIT, Merchant, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris
(Empire of France), and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A KIND OF GARMENT WHICH MAY
RECEIVE DIFFERENT FORMS ACCORDING TO THE WILL OF THE WEARER," to be as
follows, and consists in making garments so that their shape may be changed
or modified at will.
In the accompanying Drawing I have represented only some of the ladies'
garments the most in fashion this day; but it must be understood that their
shape may be changed according to the fashion or the will of the persons, and
that they can be disposed in several different manners not represented in the
Drawing.
The same letters of reference stand for the same parts in the several
Figures.
Fig. 1 represents the mantle called "Ristori." If it is desired to change
into a 66
Casaque," it suffices to remove the skirt, which is simply kept to
the waist band by means of buttons, or other similar means. With the said
skirt the other kinds of mantles may be obtained, viz., the "Talma," Fig. 3,
by placing the skirt on the shoulders instead of at the waist; the "Burnous,"

page_text: Fig. 4, by adding a moveable hood to the "Talma." The "Betty," with
hood, Fig. 5, by removing the parts a & b, Fig. 1. The "Shawl," Fig. 6, by
removing the hood, and leaving only the trimming. The "Paysanne," Fig. 7,
by putting together the parts a & b by means of buttons, hooks and eyes,
elastic bands, or otherwise; and the simple mantle, Fig. 8, by using only one
of the parts a or b.
THE NOVEL APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN GAS TO VARIOUS PURPOSES IN THE ARTS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Martin Bruère at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1858.
I, ALEXANDRE MARTIN BRUERE, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
NOVEL APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN GAS TO VARIOUS PURPOSES IN THE ARTS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying hydrogen gas in the presence of heat to
various substances as a reducing agent or purifying agent, while such sub-
stances are undergoing the process of distillation or reduction.
The object of this application of bydrogen gas to the various purposes for
which it may be employed, is to cause it to combine with the gaseous matters
evolved from the substances that are undergoing reduction or distillation, and
either to render those gases more suitable for the purpose for which they are
intended to be employed, or by combining with and extracting the impurities
in a gaseous form, leaving a solid product of better quality than that ordinarily
produced.
The substances to which the Invention is intended to be chiefly applied are
coal (both rich and poor), anthracite, wood, bones, lignites, and peat, or other
carbonaceous matters that are susceptible of being or are usually operated
upon in retorts for the purpose of distillation. Minerals and ores may also be
advantageously operated upon in the presence of hydrogen, which should be

page_text: passed in a state of gas through the mass in distilling coal for the purpose of
producing illuminating gas; it will be found that by introducing a current of
hydrogen gas into the retorts, gas of far superior illuminating power to that
produced by the ordinary means will be obtained.
Also in operating upon wood for the production of charcoal, charcoal of
better quality will be produced by the introduction of hydrogen gas into the
carbonizing chamber, as the hydrogen will unite with and carry off the
matters foreign to charcoal contained in the wood. The same remark will
also apply to bones when operated upon for the purpose of obtaining animal
charcoal, and to lignites and peat.
Hydrogen gas will also be found useful in reducing ores by passing the gas
through the mass while it is in a heated state. By this means the reducing
operation is carried on with more than ordinary energy, and the gas by
combining with some of the impurities, such as sulphur, will more speedily
eliminate them.
It will be understood by chemists that this energetic reducing and purifying
power of pure hydrogen will render its application to the treatment of a
variety of substances very advantageous.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stanislas Hoga, of No. 14, Nassau Street, Middlesex
Hospital, London, William Peter Piggott, of' No. 16, Argyle Street,
Regent Street, London, and Septimus Beardmore, of No. 37, Upper
Berkeley Street West, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Sealed the 5th November 1858, and dated the 6th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stanislas Hoga, William
Peter Piggott, and Septimus Beardmore at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th September 1858.
We, STANISLAS HOGA, of No. 14, Nassau Street, Middlesex Hospital,
London, WILLIAM PETER PIGGOTT, of No. 16, Argyle Street, Regent Street,
London, and SEPTIMUS BEARDMORE, of No. 37, Upper Berkeley Street West,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to telegraphs communicating from land to land,
with the intervention of water between them. It is proposed to carry it out
by wires, either insulated or uninsulated. It is capable of being applied to
some of the existing submarine telegraphs without interfering with existing
arrangements. In such cases it is proposed, if desirable, to transmit messages

page_text: at the same time as those resulting from the current formed by existing
batteries.
The Invention consists in new means of producing a current of electricity
entirely different from the means by which all telegraphic communications
have hitherto been effected. We use no compound batteries at either end.
Our battery consists of one great cell, and we make the sea or other water, in
combination with a negative and positive element at either end, one mighty
battery, which is effected by placing in the sea or water, near each shore of
the territories between which communication is to be made, one of the
negative or positive elements. These two elements are connected by a wire
or cable, either insulated or, uninsulated. When the wire or cable is in
contact with one element only, there is no current of electricity between the
negative and positive elements, but as soon as the wire is in contact with both,
the circuit is completed, viz., from the negative through the whole sea or
water to the positive, and from this through the wire back to the negative.
It is not new to establish an electric current by means of the action of
water, or water mingled with acid on the negative and positive elements, but
we claim as new the action of water on those elements so placed that the
positive is in the sea or water near the one shore, and the negative in the sea
or water near the other shore, communicating each with the other by means
of a wire in the same aqueous element.
AN IMPROVED SHIP'S BLOCK
Year: 1858

page_text: oy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Stothard, Joseph Jones,
David Jonas, and Benjamin Woolf Jonas at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th May 1858.
We, DANIEL STOTHARD, of Lambeth, JOSEPH JONES, of Southwark, both in
the County of Surrey, DAVID JONAS and BENJAMIN WOOLF JONAS, both of
Spitalfields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHIP'S BLOCK," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
Our Invention, which has for its object to improve the present form and
construction of ships' blocks with the view to increase or diminish the strain
upon the rope, cable, or otherwise, as may be required, consists of an outer
sheave or block furnished with a channel in which two or more pulley
wheels are so arranged as to admit of the rope, cable, or otherwise, impinging
upon the peripheries as to increase or diminish the space between the same
through the medium of a concentric slot bearing, in which one of the lesser
wheels revolves, the larger or fixed wheel moving from a common centre, as
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING HOT AIR, VAPOR, AND SHOWER BATHS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lovett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1858.
I, GEORGE LOVETT, of East Street, Manchester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Medical Shampooer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING HOT
AIR, VAPOR, AND SHOWER BATHS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide portable apparatus whereby
vapor, shower, and medicated baths may be administered to patients at their
own homes. The vapor and shower baths being usually administered in close
succession, I construct the apparatus so that the patient may receive them
both at one sitting. For this purpose I provide a shallow bath pan of
suitable dimensions, and fit therein a frame to carry a chair, on which the
patient is to sit. Under this chair I provide a metal box pierced with holes,
and into which enters a steam pipe fitted with a tap, and leading to a boiler
mounted in a portable furnace. Fitting into sockets formed in the bath pan
are rods, which serve to carry at their upper end the head of the bath, on
which is mounted a vessel for containing the shower water. This vessel is
formed and fitted in the usual way of making shower baths, and to confine
the shower, a curtain is provided as usual, which descends to the bath pan.
Surrounding this curtain, and pendent from the head of the bath, is a second
curtain, the lower edge of which is secured to the lip of the pan (after the

page_text: patient has been admitted into the bath) by a cord for the purpose of pre-
venting the escape of the vapor. A force pump is attached to the bath pan,
for the purpose of forcing up water from a tub or other vessel into the
elevated shower water vessel. By this arrangement the steam from the
boiler is led into the bath, and caused to rise into and fill the space occupied
by the patient, who, when exposed sufficiently long to the action of the vapor,
can receive a shower of either hot, cold, or tepid water from above. To
facilitate the transport of this apparatus, I lift the head off the supporting
rods, withdraw these from their sockets, and place the head in the pan.
For administering hot air or medicated vapor baths, I form the bath of
wood, closing the upper part with hinged doors, which are removable, and
in one of which an opening is made to permit of the head of the patient
protruding. Within this bath (by preference under the chair or support for
the patient) I place a gas stove for generating heat, which stove I supply
with gas from a flexible gas holder. Air being freely admitted to this stove
will, in passing through it, become heated, and thereby raise the temperature
of the bath to any required degree, and if at the same time the vapor of
sulphur, mercury, or other chemical substance is required to be administered,
the substance may be placed in a cup and submitted to the heat of the stove,
by which it will be driven into vapor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING SHIPS OF WAR AND LAND BATTERIES AND FORTIFICATIONS FROM INJURY FROM SHOT AND OTHER PROJECTILES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Christopher Witty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1858.
I, ROBERT CHRISOPHER WITTY, of Mitcham, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROTECTING SHIPS OF WAR AND LAND BATTERIES AND FORTIFICATIONS FROM
INJURY FROM SHOT AND OTHER PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in protecting ships of war
and land batteries and fortifications from injury from shot and other projec-
tiles. For this purpose I apply blocks of vulcanized india-rubber to the sides
of the ship of war or to the face of the battery or fortification to be protected.
The blocks which I employ are hollow, and of a cylindrical form, and they are
applied to the side of the ship or face of the battery or fortification, so that the
axes of the cylinders run parallel with the side or face to be protected. Over
the cylinders, which are placed as closely together as possible, slabs of
vulcanized india-rubber are fixed so as to produce a flush surface to receive
the first shock of the shot or other projectile, and this shock it trausfers to the
cylinders underneath, which act as springs, modifying the intensity of the

page_text: blow, and spreading its action over a considerable surface. Sometimes for the
covering slabs of vulcanized india-rubber, I substitute covering slabs of
wrought iron, or in some cases I build up the covering slabs of alternate
layers of wrought iron and vulcanized india-rubber.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR FENCES AND GATES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the 1ct.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederic Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
May 1858. A communication from Grassin-Baledans, of Arras, (Pas de
Calais), in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR FENCES AND GATES," (a communication from
Grassin-Baledans, of Arras, (Pas de Calais), in the Empire of France,) to be
as follows:-
Hitherto the railings have been made of solid or hollow iron bars; the last-
named, although less expensive than the first, are nevertheless very costly.
The object of this Invention is to produce an iron railing at a lower price than ⚫
it has been until now, and this is effected by giving either a concave, cross,
Tor V shape to the bars, cross bars, and posts, and by rivetting the same
together.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND REELING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Heppleston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1858.
I, THOMAS HEPPLESTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ma-
5 chine Maker, do hereby declare.the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND
REELING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel description or combination of apparatus,
which is designed for the purpose of performing the processes of doubling, twist-
ing, and reeling yarns in the same machine. The system or principle of such
apparatus consists in the employment of two or more bobbins upon the spindle,
or as many bobbins as threads are required to be doubled one above the other
and prolonging the "flyer" with which the spindle is furnished to any length
required to extend to the lowest bobbin. Opposite to each bobbin a "curl" is
formed in the "flyer," so that the thread from each bobbin may pass through a
separate one. The threads or yarn to be doubled or twisted together are brought
from the several bobbins and passed through a guide on the "thread rail," from
which it passes upwards on to a "reel" conveniently situated for the purpose.
When motion is imparted to the spindle and flyer, the number of threads from
the bobbins will become doubled and twisted together between the flyer and the

page_text: guide of the "thread rail," and pass upwards in one thread on to the reel for
the formation of the bank. The revolution of the bobbins is retarded (to
prevent the thread unwinding to readily) by means of a spring pressing upon
the top bobbin and retained thereupon by the "flyer". when secured upon the
spindle, such spring pressing the bobbins against a supporting disc or plate
beneath the lowest bobbins. When it is required to double "weft"
thread, as spin by the "mule" in the form of "cops," it will be necessary to
wind such yarn upon bobbins to be used upon the spindles for doubling.
RENDERING PAPER HANGINGS FOR DECORATING THE INTERIOR OF HOUSES CAPABLE OF BEING WASHED BY SOAP AND WATER WITHOUT DETRIMENT TO THE COLORS THEREOF
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Henry Whiteman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1858.
I, FREDERICK HENRY WHITEMAN, of 28, Essex Street, Islington, in tho
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "RENDERING PAPER HANGINGS FOR DECORATING THE INTERIOR OF
HOUSES CAPABLE OF BEING WASHED BY SOAP AND WATER WITHOUT DETRIMENT TO THE
COLORS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
I dissolve one ounce of borax and one ounce of stick lac, shell lac, seed
lac, or any other kind of lac in water, 12 ounces in weight, by heat, and
strain the mixture through a fine strainer; or I allow it to get perfectly cold
before straining, in which case the borax held in suspension, while the mixture
was hot, will be found incrusted on the sides and bottom of the vessel, which
crust I do not disturb in straining. I apply it to the paper hangings either
before or after they are hung, with a brush, in the same manner as varnish is
commonly applied. If a polish is required, it may be brushed when perfectly
dry. One or two coats of size may be applied to the paper hangings before
applying thereto my process, but this is not necessary.
A REVERSING WATER TUBE IRON TO WORK WITH SINGLE BLAST OR DOUBLE BLAST AS OCCASION MAY REQUIRE, AND AN ARRANGEMENT OF WATER TUBE IRONS, AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Etchells, Abraham Conster-
dine, and Samuel Cattell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd May 1858.
We, SAMUEL ETCHELLS, of the Town and County of the Town of Notting-
ham, Engineer, ABRAHAM CONSTERDINE, also of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Working Smith, and SAMUEL CATTELL, of Radford, in
the County of Nottingham, Engine Smith, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A REVERSING WATER TUBE IRON TO WORK WITH SINGLE
BLAST OR DOUBLE BLAST AS OCCASION MAY REQUIRE, AND AN ARRANGEMENT OF
WATER TUBE IRONS, AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a reversing tube iron to work with single or
double blast as occasion may require, and an arrangement of water tube irons
and parts connected therewith, to be used for a smiths' forge, hearths, or fur-
naces. Heretofore water tube irons used for smith's forges have had a round
hole or slot in them, and the tubes have been of a fixed or stationary character,
having water supplied from a cistern with two pipes attached, one for the cold
water to fall into the tube iron, the other for hot water to rise and return to
the cistern. By this our Invention we have a reversing water tube iron fixed
horizontally, passing through a cistern, and another tube iron fixed perpen-
dicularly, which also passes through another cistern; one cistern is placed at
the back of the hearth, the other cistern under the hearth, the front of the top
cistern forming a fire plate. A pipe conveys the cold water from the upper

page_text: cistern to the lower cistern, and another pipe conveys the hot water from the
lower cistern to the upper cistern. The upper cistern is supplied with water
by tap or otherwise, and has an overflow pipe near the top thereof. A tube
passes through the cistern, which is held water-tight by means of a stuffing
box embracing a handle. By means of this handle the slot in the tube iron
is placed to blow a vertical or horizontal blast as required.
There is a blast pipe in an angle position, and an upright pipe in a vertical
position, with a valve to let off the dirt or slag from the blast pipe, and there
is a valve to the upright tube iron, so as to shut off the blast and keep out
the dirt when not in use.