Improvements in or relating to Gas Fires or Stoves.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1895-Accepted, 10th Aug.. 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Gas Fires or Stoves.
I, JOHN JOHNSTON WILSON of 61 Buccleuch Street, Edinburgh, in the
County of Midlothian, North Britain, Plumber, Gas, and Sanitary Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with gas. fires or
stoves.
The chief features of my invention consists in the construction and arrangement
of a gas fire place or stove, and is designed to obviate or minimize the excessive
loss of heat invariably carried off with the products of combustion or heated
waste gases from gas fires, so as to utilize most of the heat generated for the
purpose of more effectually heating the apartment, without prejudicially affecting
the passage or escape of the said products of combustion into the flue or chimney
and has also for its object to increase the efficiency and economy of a gas fire.
The stove to which my improvements may be applied, may be made of cast iron,
and particularly refers to the type of gas fire having refractory incandescent fuel
lumps or fret work.
Behind the fire is the ordinary fire olay slab. The flue nozzle is by preference
of a curved elongated shape or form and may be cast integral with the back casing
of the stove.
I provide a passage between the back of the slab and the casing for drawing in
air from the lower part of the stove near the floor, and which I call an induct
passage; I prefer to make the said back of the stove corrugated and I introduce a
corrugated sheet against the back of the slab, so that the ridges of both corrugated
portions impinge against each other whereby a series of vertical tubular air
passages are formed. The said tubular passages communicate with a horizontal
air chamber located at the bottom of the stove and which extends from side to side
of the stove; the ends of the said chamber being provided with openings or
perforations which may if necessary be provided with shutters.
The top of the said tubular air passages communicates with the elongated curved
flue nozzle which is located at the back of the stove. The top of the stove is
provided with a canopy. Under the top of the stove towards the back thereof,
aud above the flue nozzle, I arrange two curved baffle plates for the purpose of
dividing the flue in a descending manner into two passages, the one communicating
directly with the induct passage, the other indirectly with the combustion flue from
the fire. The said arrangement protects the fire and the Bunsen burners from a
blow down of the flue or chimney. The chief object of devising the lower induct
passage, as hereinbefore described, is to cause an indirect or overpowering action
on the draught of the flue or chimney and to divert by the said aforesaid curved
baffle plates in a direct manner, the draught action of the said flue or chimney up
the said induct passage; said passage becoming heated induces a current action
other than that of the flue, and also from the action of such current passing the
junction (that is to say where the baffle plates intersect) exerts an extracting
power sufficient only to draw or convey the heated waste gases of unconsumed
carbon up the flue or chimney, without carrying away the excessive heat. The said
heated waste gases are rendered quite sensitive to this extracting force or power
created in passing the said junction on account of such gases being of less specific
gravits than the current of heated air passing up the induct passage. The said

page_text: descending flue so arranged, also retards the too rapid progress of the heat from
being drawn up the fine which is under the canopy.
The curved baffle plates may be of sheet iron bolted or acrewed to the stove
casing. When cast integral with the top part of the stove, the space which is
between the under side of the-top of the stove, and the top of the baffle plates, is
cored to form a recessed heating air chamber, with perforations, through the top
plate of the stove for the purpose of circulating heated air; the ends of the
said air chamber are similarly perforated. The said end perforations may be
covered with a projecting, flush or countersunk earlip of a semi circular shape for
the purpose preventing, a, direct or horizontal, current, and, to, create an induct
current of heated air from the said top recess or circulating chamber vertically
through the top perforations.,
The fire brick or slab may be of a tubular form; at the top for the purpose of
inserting a cylindrical heating air chamber, the said chamber, passing, through the
said tubular form from side to side of the stove.. The tail ends. of; the said
cylindrical'air chamber extend downwards at the back of the brick or slab.to a
certain part of the inlet induct, passage, for the purpose of forming an air passage
to the heated cylindrical'cliamber, for circulating heated air.
The one tail end at the back of the brick extends the full, depth, the other
which is made corrugated extends to near the bottom of the induct. passage for
the purpose of dividing the space into two passages, the one the induct passage to
tlie flue as- herein before described; the other passage leading to the heated, air
chamber as before referred to. The said corrugation between the tail ends and the
corrugation of the back of the stove are arranged in, the, same; manner as herein-
before described: Another modified form of this, arrangement, may be that the
fire brick may have a rounded' or curved projecting part so as to form a recess. ut
the back of the brick for the reception of the whole or part of a horizontal tube
or cylindrical heating chamber at the top of the brick, the ends of the said, heating
chamber extending from side to side of the stove or casing as before referred to
with regard to the other top henting chamber or receas; the ends of the said
cylindrical chamber may be perforated and provided with the semicircular ear lip
and otherwise treated in the same manner.
I construct and arrange a series of' atmospheric burners to beat the incandescent
fuel, of the old and well known Argand-Bunsen type..
I connect the central or inner air tubes forming the series of Argand-Bunsens
through the bottom of the mixing chamber and the said, central tubes are secured
in position by, a long screw with shoulder,, washer and lock, nut, and the said, tubes
are preferably led by a series of elbow air tubes under the said, mixing chamber
and near to the front of the stove or fire. The top part of these tubes may have
feathered ribs divided for the purpose of equalizing an equal anunlar, space, forming
the said Argand-Bunsen jets.
;
I provide each of the Bunsen jets or nipples with; a loose tapered or conical
cow to fit over the said' nipples, with feathered ribs, or fluted, to, form an, equal
outer annular space a little above the top of the burner, to guard the flame from
atinospheric influences, or changes from whatever direction, they, come; the cour
cussion and recoil caused by atmospheric influences is prevented from descending
tlie flame into the mixing chamber whereby back, firing or flashing is prevented..
The concussion or recoil finds egress at the bottom of the outer, annular space
or down through the inner air tube of the burner which, forms the Argand-Bunsen
propor.
The conical cowl may have semi circular or otherwise, shaped orifices.divided
round the outer annular space, and cast integral therewith, and has its upper edges
scolloped' or fretted to support the incandescent balls or fuel lumps.so as to allow
the flame to diffuse freely round said fuel. By this, cowl arrangement a heated
air jet is supplied to the outer annular space formed therein;; for more complete
combustion: The gas supply is led to the centre of the mixing chamber, at the
back thereof; by two coaxial jete, in the usual manner.

page_text: The fire brick slab and the whole internal arrangements of the stove may be
coated with white asbestos paint for the purpose of reflecting. heat.
Dated this, 27th day of September 1894.
JOHNSONS,
115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Petitioner's Agents.
I, JOHN JOHNSTON WILSON, of 61 Buccleuch Street, Edinburgh, in the
County of Midlothian, North Britain, Plumber, Gas and Sanitary Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in oriconnected with gas fires or stoves,
and consists as follows:-
The chief features of my invention consist in the construction and arrangement
of a gas fire place or stove, and is designed to obviate or minimize the excessive
loss of heat invariably carried off with the products of combustion or heated waste
gases from gas fires, so as to utilize most of the heat generated for the purpose of
more effectually heating the apartment, without prejudicially affecting the passago
or escape of the said products of combustion into the flue or chimney and has also
for its object to increase the efficiency and economy of a gas fire.
But in order that my said invention may be more readily understood and easily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is an elevation, Figure 2 an end elevation, Figure 3 an internal back
elevation, Figure 4 a cross section and Figure 5 a detail of a gas stove constructed
in accordance with my invention.
My invention is particularly applicable to cast iron stoves having refractory
incandescent fuel lumps or fret work, and an ordinary fire clay back or slab.
The flue nozzle A is by preference of a curved elongated shape, as shown in
Figure 3, and it may be cast integral with the back or other part of the stove.
In order to draw in a supply of air from the lower back part of the stove near
the floor, so as to control the excessive draught of the flue form an induct
passage; said passage being preferably formed as vertical corrugated passages,
as shown in sectional plan Figure 5, that is to say I form the back C of the stove
with a number of corrugations preferably made integral with the casing against
which is placed a corrugated sheet of metal D and a correspondingly corrugated
sheet of metal E and 1 arrange the said sheets as shown with the ridgesie of both
corrugated portions D and E impinging against each other so as to form a series
of vertical tubular air passages which act as one passage. The said passage.or
passages are in communication with a horizontal air chamber B arranged near the
bottom of the stove and extending from side to side; the ends of the said air
chamber B are provided with openings or perforations b, which may if desired be
provided with regulating shutters.
The top end of the said passage or passages are in communication with the flue
nozzle A which is located horizontally at the back of the stove as shown. The
top of the stove is provided with a canopy Gunder the back of which and above
the flue nozzle A 'I form or provide two curved baffle plates H and J for the
purpose of dividing the flue in a slightly descending manner into two passages, the
one communicating directly with the induot passage and the other indirectly with
the combustion chamber or flue of the fire. The foregoing arrangement protects
the fire and the Bunsen burners from a blow down of the main flue or chimney.

page_text: The chief object of the lower induct passage is to cause an indirect or over-
powering action on the draught of the flue or chimney, and to divert by means of
the baffle plates H. and J, in a direct manner, the draught action of the said flue or
chimney up the induct passage or passages which become heated and B induces
a current action other than that of the main flue or chimney; also from the action
of such current passing the junction where the baffle plates H and J intersect,
there is an extracting power exerted sufficient only to draw or convey the heated
waste gases of unconsumed carbon up the main flue or chimney; without carrying
away the excessive heat. The said heated waste gases are rendered quite sensitive
to the extracting force or power created in passing the junction h, on account of
such gases being of less specific gravity than the said current of heated air passing
up the induct passage or passages. The said descending flue so arranged, also
retards the too rapid progress of the heat from being drawn up the flue A under
the canopy G.
The curved baffle plates H and J may be of sheet iron bolted or screwed to the
stove casing, but are preferably cast integral with the top part of the stove or
casing, in which case the space L between the underside of the top G of the stove,
and the tops of the baffle plates H and J, is cored so as to form a recessed air
heating chamber L, having perforations through the top G of the stove, for the
purpose of circulating heated air; the ends of the said air chamber being also
suitably perforated, having a projecting, flush or couutersunk cover or earlip
preferably of a semicircular shape, for preventing a direct or horizontal current and
to create an induct current of heated air from the said chamber.
The fire brick or slab M may be of a tubular form at the top for the purpose of
enabling a cylindrical beating air chamber to be inserted so as to pass from side to
side of the stove. The tail ends of the said chamber extend downwards at the
back of the brick or slab aud' so form an air passage to circulate beated air.
One of the said tail ends extends the full depth, and the other one extends to the
bottom of the induct passage for the purpose of dividing the space into two
passages, the one forming the induct passage to the flue proper, and the other
passage forming a leading passage for the air to the air heating chamber. The said
corresponding corrugations between the tail ends and the corrugations of the back of
the stove, are arranged in the same manner as herein before described. Another
modified form of this arrangement may be that, the fire brick may have a
rounded or curved projecting part so as to form a recess at the back of the
brick for the reception of the whole or part of a horizontal tube or cylindrical
heating chamber at the top of the brick M, the ends of the said heating chamber
extending from side to side of the stove or casing as before described, with regard
to the top heating chamber or recess; the ends of the said chamber may be
perforated and provided with covers in the same manner.
Also in accordance with my invention, construct and arrange a series of
atinospheric burners to heat the incandescent fuel of the old and well known
Argand Bunsen type.
I connect the central or inner air tubes N forming the series of Argand burners
through the bottom P of the mixing chamber P¹ and the said tubes N are secured
in their proper positions, by means of long screws, each of which have a shoulder,
washer and lock outs, and the said tubes N, are preferably led by means of a
series of elbow or other jointed air tubes, under the mixing chamber P, and near
to the front of the stove or fire as shown. The top parts of each of the said
central tubes N, are formed or provided with feathered ribs divided so as to
equalize an equal annular space aud by so doing form the said Argand
Bunsen jet.
I also provide each of the said Bunsen jets or nipples with a loose tapered or
conical cowl Q to fit over the said nipples, with feathered ribs, or fluted to form an
equal outer annular space a little above the top of the burners to guard the flame
from atmospheric influences, or changes from whatever direction they may come ;
the concussion and recoil caused by atmospheric influences is prevented from

page_text: descending the flame into the mixing chamber, whereby, back firing or flashing is
to a great oxtent prevented, or in other words, the burners are rendered more
toleraut.
The concussion or recoil finds egress at the top or bottom of the outer annular
air space, or down or up through the inner air tube N of the burner which forms
the Argand Bunsen burner proper.
The conical cowl Q may have semi-circular or otherwise shaped orifices divided
round the outer annular space, and cast integral therewith, and its upper edges.
may be scolloped or fretted, so as to support the incandescent balls or fuel lamps,.
and so allow the flame to be thoroughly and freely diffused throughout the said
fuel. By this cowl arrangement, a heated air jet is supplied to the outer annular
space formed thereon; for more complete combustion, the gas supply is led to
the centre of the mixing chamber, at the back thereof, by two coaxial jets, in the
usual manner.
The fire brick or slab C, and the other internal fittings or arrangements of the
stove may be coated or painted with white asbestos paint for the purpose of
reflecting heat.
The merit of the induct passage is not only for controlling the excessive draught
action of the flue or chimney, but that the air from the said induct passage becomes
rarified before mixing with the products of combustion and so prevents cooling or
condensing of the treated waste gases ascending the flue or chimney.
The construction of the stove is such that the supplies of air for the different
purposes are arranged in different directions so that the action of the one will not
prejudicially affect the other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a gas fire or stove, providing an induct air passage for the purpose of
controlling the excessive draught action of the flue or chimney substantially as
hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2. Iu gas fires or stoves, the arrangement of a passage or passages, composed of
a series of corrugated tubular openings substantially as and for the purposes.
hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3. In gas fires or stoves, the arrangement of two curved baffle plates forming a
slightly descending flue, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
4. In gas fires or stoves the arrangement of a series of Argand Bunsen burners
having an outer annular air space substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5. The general arrangement, construction, and combination of the various parts
constituting my improvements in gas fires or stoves, substantially as hereinbefore
described aud shown in the accompanying drawings.
ليود
JOHNSONS,
115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.