Improvements in, or in connection with, Looms for the Manufacture of Axminster or Tufted Pile Carpets or like Fabrica.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 22nd Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in, or in connection with, Looms for the Manufacture
of Axminster or Tufted Pile Carpets or like Fabrica.
I
We, HENDERSON AND COMPANY LIMITED, of the City of Durham, in the County
of Durham, Carpet Manufacturers, and KOBERT BRITTON, of 3, Wanlass Terrace,
in the same City, Power. Loom Tuner, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in mechanism in, or in connection
with, looms for the manufacture of Axminster, or tufted pile carpets or like fabrics.
The improvements relate to the jacquard, or apparatus for selecting and bringing
into use for the time being, the particular description of material to form the tufts
and by the variations in the selection to produce the pattern.
The invention further relates to improvements in the mechanism of the loom for
receiving portions or tufts of the selected material and transferring and delivering
them to be woven into the carpet or other fabric being manufactured.
In our improved jacquard mechanism, we employ the card cylinder of the jacquard
for the purpose of introducing in succession a series of cards which are brought, one
by one, in turn opposite and in line with a set of short horizontal needles, which are
hield in position by a perforated face plate.
The unperforated parts of the cards, when pressed by the card cylinder against
the front ends of the needles cause the other ends of these needles to project out at
the back part of the face plate, while the perforations in the cards allow the other
needles to remain in their normal position. Not more than one needle in each row
is pressed back at each operation of the jacquard; all the pressed needles project out
at the back part of the face plate, into the path of suitable perpendicular levers
having an up and down motion. These levers may be stopped in their upward
movement by any of the needles which constitute a row.
For instance each lever may be stopped by the bottom needle or may be allowed
to rise until it reaches the top needle of the set; or when no needle is projecting
the lever is allowed to butt against a lip or stop which projects from the top part of
the face plate and stands out an equal space above the horizontal needles.
The perpendicular levers are capable of sliding up and down in suitable slots or.
guides, and are jointed at their lower ends to double-ended levers, so that when the
ends next to the needles are allowed to rise the opposite ends descend.
At the opposite ends, of the double ended levers, to which the upright levers are
connected, thin strips of wire or the like are jointed and reach from the upper to the
lower part of the loom.
Each wire carries at its lower end a bar provided with suitable cup-shaped nippers
having springs to hold or grip sufficiently the wool or other material which is
supplied to and forms part of the carpet fabric. The wool or other material is drawn
from hobbins which are supported in any ordinary well known manner.

page_text: Each of the bars or lifters, with tuft material projecting from the points of the
nippers, is operated upon entirely by the jacquard cards and mechanism.
By means of the above operation any selected end of wool, or the like, may be
brought into line with a set of conveyor nippers which grip the pieces of tuft
material projecting from the nippers on the bar or lifter. The material is then
drawn or pulled out a sufficient length to form a tuft and is then severed by a knife,
which may be of ordinary form such as is used in velvet looms or a circular knife
with suitable operating means may be employed.
The conveyor nippers carry the severed lengths of tuft material and insert them
through the openings of the warp, the said nippers are then slightly raised or pulled 1
out above the warps and "set" in that position, remaining there until a "shot" of
binding material is woven into the fabric, said binding material serving to hold the
tufts in position. At this point of the operation one half of the tuft is on the face
of the carpet and still held by the conveyor nippers, the other half projects through
the warps to the underside. The conveyor nippers now release the tufts and return
to their first position for another set of tufting materials. Directly the nippers leave
the tufting materials in the fabric, a set of lifters or pushers engage with the lower
half of the tufts. These pushers are suitably grooved to allow the materials to lie in
them. The said pushers now press the lower half of the tufts up through the
openings of the warps to the face of the fabric and in doing so they are turned
round a binding weft, the tufts being held in that position by the pushers until a
suitable combing apparatus presses the tufts away from them. The pushers then
return to the underside of the breast plate in readiness for another set of tufts. A
shot or two of binding wefts are now woven which firmly hold the tufts in position.
The combing apparatus now returns to its first position which allows another set of
tufts to be brought by the conveyor nippers.
..Adjacent to the edge of the breast plate is attached a set of thin steel strips of the
same pitch as the reeds in the sley. These strips reach from the breast plate through
the openings of the dents of the reeds, and keep the first delivered half of the tufting
materials in position and immediately in front of the pusher pieces which are in the
same opening; the strips also serve to separate the tufts and keep them ready to be
doubled round the binding weft by the pusher pieces.
Dated the ith dow of Mouch 1907
Improvements in, or in connection with, Looms for the Manufacture
of Axminster or Tufted Pile Carpets or like Fabrics.
We, HENDERSON AND COMPANY LIMITED, of the City of Durham, in the County of
Durham, Carpet Manufacturers, and ROBERT BRITTON, of 3, Wanlass Terrace in the 4
same City, Power Loom Tuner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to certain improvements in mechanism in, or in connection
with, looms for the manufacture of Axminster, or tufted pile carpets or like fabrics.
The improvements relate to the jacquard or apparatus for selecting and bringing
into use for the time being, the particular description of material to form the tufts
and by the variations in the selection to produce the pattern.
4

page_text: present improvements.
Fig. 2 shows a portion of the tuft carrying mechanism in successive positions by
full lines, broken lines and dotted lines respectively.
.
Fig. 3 shows another position of the tuft carrying mechanism.
Fig. 4 shows a side view of the apparatus for closing the nippers upon the tuft"
materials to be drawn from the bobbins.
Fig. 3 shows a side view of the apparatus for opening the nippers after the cut
materials have been delivered to the fell of the fabric.
Figs. 6 and 7 show, by back view and side view respectively, the cutting
mechanisin.
Fig. 8 shows a side view of a modification of the jacquard.
**
Figs. 9 and 10 show, by edge view and side view respectively, an alternate arrange-
ment of severing means for the tufts.
Fig. 11 shows the jacquard mechanism, and means for adjustment of the tuft
lifters.
Fig. 12 shows a portion of the material supplying mechanism, by side view.
Fig. 12 shows a front view of the parts for holding the tuft material firmly.
Figs. 13 and 14 show front view and side view of the sley respectively..
Fig. 15 shows the apparatus for holding or combing the tuft materials into
position.
In our improved jacquard mechanism, we employ the card cylinder a of the
jacquard for the purpose of introducing in succession a series of cards which are,
brought, one by one, in turn opposite and in line with a set of short horizontal
needles b which are held in position by a perforated face plate c. The unperforated
parts of the cards, when pressed by the card cylinder against the front ends of the
needles cause the other ends of these needles to project out at the back part of the
face plate c, while the perforations in the cards allow the other needles to remain in
their normal position, the needles being returned or held there by springs b¹. Not
more than one needle in each row is pressed back at each operation of the jacquard;
all the pressed needles project out at the back part of the face plate, into the path of
suitable perpendicular levers d having an up and down motion. These levers may
be stopped in their upward movement by any of the needles which constitute a row.
For instance each lever may be stopped by the bottom needle or may be allowed to
rise until it reaches the top needle of the set; or when no needle is projecting the
lever is allowed to butt against a lip or stop 62 which projects from the top part of the
face plate and stands out an equal space above the horizontal needles.
The levers will then remain in that position until the conveyor nippers grip
the materials which are in their line, as will be described.
The double ended levers e are operated from a cam and levers (not shown) to which
the rod is jointed at the bottom; the top of the rod is jointed, at 633, to the lever 630.
Several of these levers are attached to the shaft 631, which reaches across the top part
of the loom, so that when the rod is pushed up or down the whole of the levers 630
are operated at the same time. A shaft 6 is put through each of the levers 630
immediately above 63. This shaft also reaches across the jacquard and is parallel to
the shaft b. The shaft is utilized to operate the double ended levers e.
The
bottom parts of the ends e² of the levers e come in contact with the shaft 632 For
instance, after the conveyor nippers (to be described) have gripped a set of materials,
the latter are then cut to the desired length, and the lifters, f' to be referred to, are
then ready to be raised so that the card cylinder may give a fresh impression on the

page_text: needles. The levers d will be lowered down to be quite clear of the back parts of the
horizontal needles b so that a fresh impression may be taken from the cards.
When
the levers 630 are lifted they also lift the long ends e² of the levers e so that the whole
of the levers e will be resting with their ends e2 upon the shaft 632. The levers d
will descend immediately after the card cylinder has been pushed out and the needles
have been allowed to come forward so that the levers d will not come in contact with
any of the needles while the ends of the said levers are descending. The operation
is then completed. The levers 630 will have reached up to their full height by the
time this takes place.
The levers d then ascend and when there is a needle
projecting out from the back of the plate, the corresponding lever & will butt against
it, and its progress will be stopped.
The perpendicular levers d are capable of sliding up and down in suitable slots or
guides and are jointed at their lower ends to the double-ended levers e, so that
when the ends e¹ next to the needles are allowed to rise the opposite ends e² descend.
At the opposite ends e² thin strips of wire for the like are jointed and reach from
the upper to the lower part of the loom. Each wire carries at its lower end a bar fi
provided with suitable cup or trough shaped nippers having springs fs to hold or
grip sufficiently the wool or other material w which is supplied to and forms part of
the carpet fabric.
The wool or other material is drawn from bobbins (not shown) which are supported
in any ordinary well known manner. Each of the bars or lifters f¹, with tuft
material projecting from the points of the nippers f², is operated upon to be raised or
lowered to a selected position entirely by the jacquard cards and mechanism. The
bars fare adjustably connected to the lower ends of the wires f so that the tuft
lifters may be set in line with each other.
Fig. 8 shows a jacquard arrangement with back plate c', and an extra set of
needles 62 with springs 63, said needles 62 being acted upon by the needles b. By
these means we are able to use stronger back needles which take the pressure of the
upright levers d, while at the same time fine needles b may be used to enter the
perforations in the jacquard cards.
By means of the above operation any selected end of wool, or the like, may be
brought into line with a set of conveyor nippers g which grip the pieces of tuft
material w projecting from the nippers on the bar or lifter f¹. The material is
drawn or pulled out a sufficient length to form a tuft and is then severed by a knife,
which may be of ordinary form such as is used in velvet looms, or a circular knife
with suitable operating means may be employed.
In Figs. 9 and 10, h is a double comb for holding the tuft materials w firmly
whilst the knife h¹ severs them, said knife or cutter travelling between the two rows
of teeth of the double comb h.
In the modification shown in Figs. 6 and 7, a circular cutter h³ traverses the space
between the two rows of teeth of the double comb h. The gear wheel his operated
upon by the large gear wheel h5 and this is rotated by the gear wheel he engaging the
pinion h on the spindle of the wheel h³. The wheel 8 engages with a horizontal
rack attached to a slide h10; h is the slide box which carries the train of wheels
and cutter.
The conveyor nippers g carry the severed lengths of tuft material w and insert
them through the openings of the warp, i.e., from full line position Fig. 2, to dotted
line position, the said nippers are then slightly raised or pulled out above the warps and
"set" in that position, see Fig. 3 remaining there until a "shot," of binding material
is woven into the fabric, said binding material serving to hold the tufts in position.
At this point of the operation one half of the tuft is on the face of the carpet and
still held by the conveyor nippers g, the other half projects through the warps to the
underside.
The nippers are closed by apparatus shown in Fig. 4. The segment is actuated
by the rod and is centred at . This segment operates a wheel ³, centred
at, and having a plate 5 attached to its face, which carries a stud k and wheel ki.
is a double-ended lever for opening and closing the nippers g. When the rod k¹

page_text: is drawn down it forces the wheel k against the top part of the lever carrying it
sufficiently to completely close the conveyor nippers upon the materials and retain
them while the tuft lengths are being drawn out ready to be cut off. After the
pieces of severed tuft materials have been inserted in the fell of the fabric, the
nippers are opened by means of mechanism shown in Fig. 5. Movement of the rod k¹
is conveyed by means of a lever ko, centred at ko, to an arm which carries a
roller This roller moves to the right, viewing Fig. 5, to push the lower part of
the lever sufficiently to open the nippers g. The nippers are then removed in
their open position to receive another set of tufts.
Referring to Fig. 2, the full line position shows the nippers g after they have
gripped and withdrawn a series of tufts ready to be severed by the knife, g¹ are the
nipper jaws, the cup or trough shaped nippers of the lifter bar. The lever ² is
drawn back and the rod 3 lowered (see Fig. 1) until the frame and nippers reach the
grooved lifter g. The broken line position Fig. 2 shows the nippers as having
5 passed from their top position to the lifter g, the shaft g³ resting thereon just as the
rod g begins to ascend, the nippers then being further lowered into the dotted line
position Fig. 2. The tuft pieces are placed right through the openings of the warp,
and also between the steel strips 1, Figs. 1 and 13.
In Fig. 3 is shown the position of the conveyor nippers g after they have been
lifted out of the opening of the warp threads by the lifter gt. A "shot" of binding
material may then be woven. As shown best in Fig. 2, 96 is an eccentric for
opening, and the pins g' for closing the nippers. The pins 97 are turned into the
hooks gs. A spring g° normally acts to close the nippers. Cams 910 act upon the
hooks gs to open the nippers when the eccentric is turned by mechanism described
5 with respect to Fig. 5.
In Fig. 13 is shown the sley, m are warp threads, m' a reed piece bent round at
the top, with sufficient space to allow the warp threads m free play. m², Fig. 14,
are bolts for bracing the reed pieces together. I are steel strips which reach from the
breast plate n and through the openings of the sley. Fig. 1 shows the tuft-pushing
apparatus, o being a tuft pusher attached to the shaft and jointed at o¹. These
pushers are raised and lowered by the lever o², whilst a to-and-fro motion is also
given by the parts o³, ot, o actuated from the cam 0°. The lever o² is operated by a
rod of which is jointed at os to a lever oº fast on a shaft o10 said shaft also carrying
the lever o². The rods 03, 07 and p are operated by suitable cams, as at oº, suitable
levers as o centred at 012 and carrying bowls 013 serving to convey the desired
motion from the cams to the rods.
Directly the nippers leave the tufting materials in the fabric, the pushers o engage
with the lower half of the tufts, they being suitably grooved to receive them. The
lower half of the tufts are then pressed up through the openings of the warp to the
face of the fabric and in doing so they are turned round a binding weft, the tufts
being held in that position by the pushers until a suitable combing apparatus, shown
in Fig. 15, presses the tufts away from them. The pushers then return to the
underside of the breast plate in readiness for another set of tufts. A shot or two of
binding weft is then woven which firmly holds the tufts in position. The combing
apparatus now returns to its first position which allows another set of tufts to be
inserted. Fig. 15 shows the holding or combing apparatus. The elbow lever
fixed on the shaft q' and is operated by the rod q² jointed to the elbow lever at q³,
thus causing a to-and-fro motion to be given to the arm q. A pulley or roller q³
serves to lift q to be clear of the sley, and with it a steel strip q which extends
across the width of the fabric.
is
The points of the comb h fall between the tuft materials w after they are seized
and drawn outwards by the nippers g. 12 is an arm for guiding the comb. The
knife h¹ travels from end to end of the loom. A bracket r from the framing supports
a stud which carries the levers g² and p' for operating the nippers. The link p³
receives its movements from the rods
framing, u the drawing down roller and
The thin steel strips 1, which pass through
and p. 8, 8, are heddles, t the loom
tufts in position woven into the fabric.
the openings of the dents of the reeds,

page_text: keep the first delivered half of the tufting materials in position and immediately in
front of the pusher pieces o which are in the same opening; the strips also serve to
separate the tufts and keep them in readiness to be doubled upwards round the
binding weft by means of the grooved pusher pieces.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is
1. The construction and use of jacquard apparatus consisting mainly of a jacquard
cylinder, a perforated face plate, horizontal needles and vertical wires or connections
to be operated upon by said needles, a double ended lever centred to the framing and
connected to the vertical rods and to the carriers for the tuft materials, with means
for regulating the height of the samé, all' substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
"
2: The use of jacquard mechanisms constructed or arranged, as set forth and shewn
by Figs. 8 and 11 respectively.
3. The construction, or arrangement, and use of mechanism in a loom. for receiving
portions or tufts of selected material and for delivering them to be woven into the
fabric being manufactured as described and shewn by the drawings.
4. The improved mechanism for operating upon the 'nippers for seizing, holding
and delivering the tufts of material to be embodied into the fabric, as set forth.
5. The construction and use of-nippers for tufts in a looin adapted to take material
from a source of supply and to deliver the same to the fell of the fabric being woven,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth...
6. The construction and use of apparatus in a loom comprising means for receiving
the tufts as they are delivered to the fell of the fabric and holding them in position,
.to
in conjunction with tuft pushing apparatus and tuft holding or combing means,
enable the tufts to be embodied with the fabric being woven, substantially as set
forth and shewn by the drawings.
7. The use of circular travelling knives or alternatively, ordinary.or usual travelling
knives, operating in conjunction with an arrangement of double holding combs, to
effect severance of tufts of material in combination with nippers so actuated as to
take hold of and convey said tufts to the fell of the fabric and there deliver said
tufts to be placed in position to be woven into the fabric in the operation of the loom,
substantially as set forth.
8. The construction or arrangement and use of parts of mechanism in combination
with a loom for selecting, dividing and delivering severed portions of tuft material
from a source of supply and the means for ensuring said tuft material being
correctly presented so as to be woven into and embodied with the fabric being made,
substantially as set forth.