rents in Vapour Generating and Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 17th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 17th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1899
Improve rents in Vapour Generating and Heating Apparatus.
I, ETHELBERT SHEPHERD GRIFFITHI, of Toledo, in the County of Lucas, State
of Ohio, one of the United States of America, Inventor, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has a more extended application than is illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, which are made to display certain types of such apparatus
and to show a collective and separate mode of operation and a way of combining
in one structure, if desired, the advantages of both modes. The novel points of
superiority and usefulness in such an apparatus not heretofore found in the art
to my knowledge are, however, set forth in the following specification and par-
ticularly claimed. The particular objects and advantages of the means con-
stituting my invention as claimed as will also be pointed out as the description
proceeds.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an end view in elevation which
shows a portion of the top of a gasolene stove having a fixed standard mounted
thereon provided with any desired form of clutch at its upper end to receive and
maintain in working position a fuel supply pipe supporting a container A, which
pipe is connected at its lower end with a valve of peculiar form. Fig. 2 is an
end view of a gasolene-stove embodying the working parts of my invention, the
vapour conduit M shown in Fig. 6 being removed and also a portion of the rim
of the top of the stove shown as broken away, the separable front screw-head of
the housing D and also the fan within the housing being both represented elɛe-
where in detail for the purposes of perspicuity. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of
working parts, partly in vertical section, of the structure exhibited in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a side view of a chambered valve, to the key of which is connected the
fuel supply pipe B of a gasolene-stove and by the oscillation of which pipe an
intermittent flow of fuel through the valve may be secured. Fig. 5 is a view of
the key of the valve displayed in Fig. 4 withdrawn from its working position in
CD Q77

page_text: the body of said valve. Fig. 6 is a plan view of connected multiple burners in
a gasolene-stove having the plates J partly broken away to exhibit the connecting
vapour-conduits and cut off gates. Fig. 7 is a rear view of a section of the angular
vapour conduit F at the point 30 in Fig. 6 exhibiting externally the internal
gutter 35 leading to the pipe T in Fig. 2 and thence through pipe 7 to the dis-
charge pipe 7 in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 8. is a front view of an annular apertured
screw cap for the fan housing, the adjustment screw 27 regulating the end move-
ment of the fan shaft, as shown in Fig. 9, being removed. Fig. 9 is a view of
the same appendage shown in Fig. 8, presenting a side view of the externally
threaded boss to receive the sheet metal cap in Fig. 10. Fig. 10 is a sheet metal
cap having a central threaded bore through the hub. When in place this cap is
to regulate the air supply through the ports 2, Figs. 2 and 8. Fig. 11 is a longi-
tudinal section of the valve I showing the chambered housing and the hollow
reciprocating key attached at its outer end to the fuel pipe B. Fig. 12 is an end
view of the fan as it would appear if placed in the housing 1) in Fig. 2. Fig. 13
is a front view of the fan and its flexible or semi-flexible shaft carrying a hub
having radial arms with vanes secured to their outer ends. Fig. 14 shows aide
and transverse views of metallic weights to be adjusted when desired to the hub
or to the shaft of the fan. Fig. 15 shows collectively the lower terminal portions
of pipes enclosing the fuel supply tract. These terminals are provided with.
escape orifices controlled respectively by the valves C and O.
By reference to the several illustrative figures it will be apparent how the
several objects of my invention may be attained.
I provide a fuel container A supported at any desired elevation above the
burner, cone of a gasolenc stove or employ any other well known expedient such
as an air pump or a column of water to secure a suitable flow from the container
irrespective of its location, through a connecting pipe B terminating in a jet
orifice 1 controlled by valve C Figs. 2 and 3, so that I may cause at will a liquid
jet to be projected from this orifice which latter is alined within a confining cham-
ber or housing D, so as to deliver a forcible and sudden impetus to the movable
agitator E which may be of any suitable form but which, as here represented;
consists of a rotating fan properly sustained within the housing D, the latter
being provided with central induction openings 2 and a peripheral eduction or
discharge opening 3 also suitable bearings 4 to receive the journals of the fan
shaft 5. Now it is well known that the velocity of an air current is determined
by the peripheral velocity of the impelling mechanism and therefore coincident
with the movement of the fan upon its bearings due to the sudden and powerful
impetus of the jet, as previously stated, there is entrained through the central
openings 2 and discharge 3 a current of air in such a manner as to produce the
proper induction and discharge of the materials and products essential to render
the operation continuous. The active and continued commingling of the vapour-
ous discharge from the liquid with the mechanically entrained current of air,
producing elastic tension of a highly inflammable compound which is subjected to
control and direction by the confining chamber D and the rotation of the fan E,
creating a suction at the ports 2, an impact at the discharge 3, and a final exit
therefrom in a state of high vibration and under positive and continued pres-
sure, is one of the results of my system for treating a liquid fuel. I prefer
ordinarily, however, to connect the discharge 3 with a suitable conduit F leading
to a burner body G and thence to a burner cone 6 of any desired size or form,
whereby I am enabled to obtain an instantaneous flash ignition covering the
entire superficies of the cone upon each application of the match and
as often as the valve C is opened and closed. The movement of the
fan will be found to be very rapid. invisible to the eye, insuring
promptness in the igniting of its product and the equivalent in effect
of natural or artificial gas, thereby dispensing with a body of liquid
gasolene and the imperfect combustion thereof to evolve the heat necessary
to secure final operation in the ordinary generating stove and similar structures

page_text: and also avoiding evaporation and tardy ignition, the waste of an appreciable
quantity of gasolene and its vapour to effect a start, and the generation of noxious
fumes attending such methods. As against these pronounced objections no liquid
or its vapour is at any time wasted in the use of my invention since the cooking
vessel may at once be placed over the burner cone, the match applied, and the
flow of liquid started, followed Ly a vigorous flame of strong heat evolving
qualities covering the entire bottom of an ordinary sized vessel and subject to
regulation and control with the same degree of facility and positiveness as in an
ordinary gas stove, and thereby avoiding the exercise of greater caution or judg-
ment than would be necessary in using fixed gaseous fuels. At ordinary pressures
or heights of the container A above the wheel E it will be found in practice that
the entire quantity of liquid escaping from the jet orifice 1 will not be volatilized
by this method and therefore the residue will flow out of the fan housing through
the pipe 7 connecting at its discharge end with receiving can H. As a precaution
against overflow I construct this can of somewhat greater capacity than the
container A so that the entire liquid contents of the latter may be received and
temporarily stored if desired. The can H has a pipe connection 8 with the
opening and closing valve I which latter will appear in detail hereinafter. The
special function of this valve is to permit a free and rapid flow of the contents
of receiving can H through the pipe 8 and into pipe B thence into the prime
container A when the latter is lowered to or in the direction of the floor, and also
to arrest the flow from the container A into the can when the former is
brought to a working position as shown in Fig. 1. It will be seen that this
arrangement of pipe and valve connections enables the unconsumed liquid received
into the can H to be restored in its former position in the container A and to
exercise anew its impelling force upon the wheel when desired. It is necessary to
the instantaneous starting and rapid rotation of the fans that this drainage be
had in order to avoid interference with them of an accumulation of liquid in the
receiver.
The pressure of the liquid within the supply pipe B and hence the height of
the container A above the orifice 1 practically determines the limit of the prime
motive force available in delivering the initial impetus to the fan E. The
mobility of the impelling medium will determine the velocity of its escape and the
working speed of the fan. Therefore in order to extend my invention still
further in this direction I have provided other novel features which I will now
proceed to explain.
I provide means for a gradual continuous vapourization of the entire liquid
contents of container A not volatilized by its passage in a liquid form over the
wheel E and also at the proper point provide other means for discharging this
highly attenuated product upon the wheel as a substitute for the first mentioned
liquid supply, thereby tremendously accelerating the wheel's velocity, attended
by correspondingly marked results at the burner cone. In order to carry these
advanced improvements into effect I provide a burner cone of any adequate size
having a suitable central opening 9 and secure this cone to the plate J having
also an annular opening through it of sufficient size to correspond with the inner
circumferential line of the rim 10 of the cone, so that when the two are joined
and in working position there may be a free access of vapour through the plate J
to the under surface of the cone and thence through the openings in its crown.
The plate J is secured to the circumferential wall K, which latter is joined by
means of a suitable bottom plate to the flanges of the raised bottom L of the
cone. This raised bottom may be in the form of an ordinary inverted drinking
cup, having an annular aperture which fits the downwardly projecting rim form-
ing the central opening 9 through the cone where the two are joined, as will be
seen in Fig. 3, so as to form a vapour distributing chamber G of comparatively
restricted size leading from the fan to the burner. In the central opening thus
formed I place a fuel tube N of the proper size to leave an annular air space
between the inner face of the central rim of the cone and the surface of the tube

page_text: and properly sustain this tube in the position shown in Fig. 3 by the stirrup 48.
I then establish a pipe connection 13 between the lower end of the tube and the
container A. The upper end of the tube may be provided with any form of
flame impinging or heat conducting surfaces desired and having the proper
arrangement of ducts 131 for the passage of gasolene from the container A to the
fuel tube N, then to final discharge orifice 14, which is shown in detail in Fig. 15,
and controlled by the valve 0. When the stove is in operation, it will be manifest
that the gasolene filling the ducts 13', Fig. 6, and upper portion of the tube N
will be speedily vapourized and on opening the valve U the hot vapour will act
upon the fan in a concentrated column, tremendously increasing its velocity by
reason of the superior mobility of this vapour over the liquid gasolene issuing
from the orifice 1. This latter action may be continued indefinitely after the
valve C is closed.
.
I do not wish to be understood as confining my heat conducting or flame im-
pinging surfaces L with which tube N is provided at its upper end to the specific
construction shown in the drawings since I have used such surfaces having the
proper arrangement of internal ducts for the purposes named disposed at the
periphery of the cone 6 and also those disposed within the burner body G and
beneath the cone and such as were both separate and integral herewith, and
therefore any arrangement or location of such surfaces in combined operative
relation in a gasolene stove the initial functions of which are performed by the
employment of the principles governing my process, would be a substantial adop-
tion of the matter and spirit of my invention. Neither do I wish to be understood
as confining the scope of my invention to the precise manner shown of employing
the heated vapour produced, since the fan E and housing may be cut out of
operation after the start and the discharge orifice 14 controlled by the valve O
alined with reference to the open end of a suitable conduit pipe, as in the common
generating stove. I have heretofore constructed stoves upon this plan with
good results and I deem its mode of operation so obvious as to require no definite
illustration in the drawings. In the present instance as flame impinging surfaces
I have chosen to provide one or more radial arms 15 and connecting pipe 16
uniting one of these arms with the lower valve section 0 and having additional
heat conducting surfaces 17 disposed at certain intersections of these parts
whereby it will be seen that the construction is adapted to the employment of
either of the above described methods to utilize the elastic tension of the escaping
jet of heated vapour from the orifice 14.
At a point suitably romote from the housing D to secure the proper commingling
of the vapour and air I connect the main discharge conduit F with a small
auxiliary burner cone 18 by means of the pipe M so arranged that the requisite
heat to vapourize the gasolene in the ducts 131 may be continued after the main
burner G is extinguished by the operation of the sliding gate P, the latter
appendage being merely one form of cut-off which may be interposed between
the burner body and the fuel supply.
The pipe B is connected with the valve I which is in the form of a plug valve.
However, the key, Fig. 5, is hollow for the greater part of its length as shown in
Fig. 11, and has side apertures 20 forming with the pipe B a continuous open
conduit between the recessed chamber 21 of the valve body and the container A.
The reduced end of this key is solid and in the form of a truncated cone 22 and
with the adjustable bored plug. 24 fitted to the reduced end of the valve body,
provides a complete cut-off between and with regard to the receiver H and con- Į
tainer A when the latter is in a working position and also an open conduit between
the two when it is lowered for filling. It will be readily seen from the drawings
how these results are accomplished since an intersection of the valve body, Fig.
11, has an internal thread of high pitch and a corresponding part of the key has
a similar external thread so that when the two are in mesh a reciprocating move-
ment is given to the key by the oscillation of the pipe B forcing it alternately on
and off its seat provided in the inner end of the adjustable plug 24 which latter

page_text: is provided with a central squared section 25 and two opposing threaded end sections
one of which engages a suitable female thread in the reduced end of the valve body
and the other pipe connection 8 with the can H. This construction will allow the
plug to be adjusted so as to arrest the advance movement of the key when the
pipe has reached nearly an erect position. I have found it advantageous in
practice to thus arrest the movement of the key at the proper point and thereafter
to force the pipe B into a true erect position, advantage being taken of a certain
spring flexibility in that portion of the pipe between its connection with the key
and the point above R, Fig. 1, where I arrange a suitable clutch or grip to hold
it whereby the whip movement of the container A in moving the stove about is
overcome and also the consequent re-action on the valve I tending to make it leak.
The wheel, Figs. 12 and 13, consists of a hub supporting radial arms or spokes
provided at their outer ends with vanes 26 and a flexible or semi-flexible shaft 5,
and the whole initially supported by the bored bearings 4 in the fan housing or
its screw head, Figs. 8 and 9. Ordinarily I make this wheel extremely light and
counterpoise it in order that a quick and immediate response shall be given to
the jet of gasolene delivered at orifice 1 the instant valve C is opened and there-
after to maintain the requisite velocity at the expense of as little power as
possible.
I secure the advantages of an exact running counterpoise in my wheels by
providing a comparatively long flexible or semi-flexible shaft 5, revolving loosely
in the bearings 4, having adjusting screws 27, permitting but a limited "" chuck-
ing" or end movement of the shaft.
Motion in my wheels is secured by playing a solid, as distinguished from a
broken, sprayed or diffused, column of liquid upon their vanes since solidity in
this column at the instant of striking the vane favours, while the lack of it,
retards speed. The bores and faces of the terminal pipes 1 and 14, Fig. 15,
having discharge orifices, are therefore carefully dressed with reference to this
result. In practice it will be found that there is a marked distinction between
the behaviour of a fan impelled by a mobile jet in a confined or air-tight situation
and one driven by such a jet with a free or but partially restricted admission of
air at normal static pressure. Other conditions being in common the speed will
be much greater without than with a free access and discharge of air since the
wheel in the latter case is subjected to an opposing force the inertia of the
atmosphere and thus becomes a motor to overcome this negative condition.
Hence the value of concentration in the actuating force. The behaviour of the
jet of heated vapour within the fan housing is markedly different from that of
the liquid jet due to the peculiar contour of the fan housing, the disposition of
the jet orifice therein and the direction of its discharge, the latter discharge
being opposed to that of the liquid jet and alined with the escape opening 3 of
the housing.
I aim to prevent the commingling of the gasolene vapour with the entrained
current of air in and the dispersion of this vapour throughout the fan
housing. The manner of obtaining this desired end will be obvious from the
following:
I construct the inner line of the fan housing from the point 28 to the point 32
as conforming to the arc of a circle so that the instant the concentrated column
of vapour from the orifice at the point 14 strikes any one of the fan's vanes it is
deflected from its course tangentially into the enlarged portion of the discharge
section 4 of the housing D and thereby carried wholly beyond the sphere of the
fan's rotation. Thence it is deflected again in line with the axis of the pipe F.
It will therefore be seen that there is no dispersion throughout the fan housing
of the product of this system of vapor manufacture, but, on the contrary, such
dispersion is impossible. I rely upon the operation of the natural law of the
diffusion of gases within and the sharp deflection of the pipe F at the point 30
to effect the requisite commingling of this product and the air after their dis-
charge from the eduction-pipe.

page_text: I have at times weighted the fan-shaft by plucing suitable disks, Fig. 14,
upon it, composed of any material which may serve to continue for a time the
velocity and momentum of the fan after either the liquid or vapor jet has ceased to
play upon it, so that all of the vapor may be forced out of the tube F' and burner-
body & through the cone 6, resulting in the complete and useful combustion of
such vapour, with no lingering fumes, as is common in structures devoid of
positive impelling force sufficient to speedily rid the burner of vapor at the
proper moment and thus prevent the offensive odor caused by the passage through
the hot burner-cone of vapor reduced by attenuation or an excess of air to that
degree which is below its ignition-point. By my means of thus treating a liquid
fuel for heating or for illuminating purposes I have found that under requisite
pressure the entire quantity of liquid discharged upon the wheel may be atomized
and commingled with the increased volume of air thereby entrained through the
openings in the fan-housing. For metallurgical purposes or those requiring a
great volume of flame the advantages of this form of my invention will be obvious.
There are many other incidental points of superiority and merit in my means of
which the drawings may not be at once suggestive, and among the more important
are the following; They reduce the danger at all times inseparable from the use
of a liquid fuel of high volatility to the minimum, since they avoid the handling
of such liquid at each operation of starting in such way as to demand the exercise
of more than ordinary skill, caution and judgment. They economise the use of
fuel in several ways, the primary one, as before explained, being in the availability
of all the heat-evolving qualities which as a liquid or as a vapor it may contain.
Presuming that the burner-cone has sufficient capacity for the exit under proper
tension of all the inflammable matter supplied by the fan and the size of the escape
orifices 1 and 14 be sufficient, the character of the flame at the burner-cone will
be governed by the manipulation of the light sheet-metal screw-cap, Fig. 10,
provided to act upon the projecting end portion of the apertured head, Figs. 8
and 9, of the housing D) in such manner as to regulate the volume of air admitted
into the housing, and hence the quantity commingled with the fixed quantity of 3
vapor discharged upon or produced by the wheel. By properly regulating these
details the color of the flame and the character of the heat may be varied, while
the quantity of vapor remains unchanged and the rate of consumption of fuel
fixed. These results may be accomplished in ways other than the above, as by
varying the capacity of the gate-openings 31 by the manipulation of the stem
and T-handle 19, while the valves O and C are allowed to discharge a uniform
quantity of the driving medium under a definite impelling force, or by making
the orifices 1 and 14 sufficiently large to answer the maximum effects within the
capacity of the machine and regulating the discharge by the respective valves
while the volume of air admitted through the induction-ports remains unchanged,
except as modified by the rotation of the wheel.
In the structure having multiple burners, as in Fig. 6 the effects may be thus varied
as regards the operation of any one burner, while the others may be given a
greater or less operative intensity, whereby a low simmering heat and also one of
high concentrated energy are readily obtainable at the same time.
Great difficulty has been experienced in the manufacture of this class of
structures to free them when in operation from the defect known as "pulsating
of the flame" and other manifestations of an explosive nature both annoying
and dangerous. It will be manifest that in my invention those undesirable
tendencies do not exist, since the momentum of the wheel subdues the irregular
behaviour of the jet before it acts as a disturbing element upon the flame, securing
steadiness of operation similar to a balance-wheel in other high-speed structures.
In my invention the volume of inflammable vapor within the chamber G is so
reduced that it may be purposely exploded with no serious or alarming effects.
Another result of a mischievous nature is that of "backlash
" or the reactive 5
tendencies when a jet of hot vaporized fuel is projected into the open end of a
conduit pipe with a view of causing a current of air in the direction of the jet by

page_text: induction. The difficulty of doing this is augmented the moment the heat from
the jet is communicated to the material of the tube by the operation of a law
hereinafter explained, requiring the adoption of numerous expedients not
necessary to particularize for keeping the tube cool in order to continue the
satisfactory operation of the device. The manifest reluctance of the atmosphere
to be forced into contact with a heated surface, provoking a recoil by that portion
first striking it, is the property which hastens the escape backward of the air
introduced into the tube by the heated jet, while the comparatively small area
of the cross section of the jet relatively to that, which is necessary in the tube is
another condition conducive to this undesirable re-action, whereas in my system
the concentrated driving force of the jet is brought into close impingement upon
the blades of the fan tending to drive them in rapid succession and with great
speed in the direction of the impelling current. Centrifugal action at once
becomes potent factor, while the close relation of that section of the fan's
housing between the point 28 and the point 32, being concentric with the line
described by the outer edges of the fan's blades when in motion, operate jointly
to prevent an escape below the point 32 and cause a violent expulsion of the
contents of the fan chamber in the direction of the receiving tube F and the
connecting burner and cone. By reason of the advantages of the described con-
struction I am enabled to supply a series of burner cones of much larger size by
the use of a given head of vapour than can be done in any other known way. The
confining chamber D, fan E, and connecting conduit F are not liable to become
unduly heated since but a small are of the circle described by the fan blades is
within the zone of heat discharged by the impinging vapour, while the play of
the fan throughout the remainder of its operation is subjected to the rush of cold
air into all other parts of the housing, tending to lower its temperature and that
of the adjacent parts. Experience has shown that should the housing become
unduly heated but little, if any, effect is observed at the burner cone because the
action of the fan is so powerful as to overcome the negative tendencies of such a
condition.
The adaptability of my means is especially noticeable in the use of burner
cones consisting of a series of conoidal sawed tips, each being similar
in form to an ordinary gas tip and disposed over a base plate having
a vapour chamber underneath it by which arrangement a large area may
be covered with distinct jets of flame and hence a wide dispersion of heating
effect obtained. The capacity of the chamber in this instance may be greatly
reduced as compared with those heretofore employed since the impelling force of
the fan is such as to overcome resistance and retardation the reduced chamber
naturally would offer to the distribution of vapour throughout its remote parts.
The arrangement of the pipe F and gate P for the delivery of the inflammable
vapour into the chamber G from which the cone is supplied is also advantageous.
It will be seen that the opening through the gate is on a tangential line with
reference to the outer circumferential wall K so that the current is first thrown
to the periphery of the burner cone where the major portion of its expulsive
energy is consumed in supplying the openings at this point with vapour and the
remainder afterward exhausted at more central portions of the cone, preventing
the massing of the flame in the centre as in those devices wherein the conditions
for aeration are less favourable, or wanting altogether. In my burner I have
also provided the central air openings 9 and 11 of such capacity as to furnish
the proper access of air to consume the vapour discharged centrally from the cone.
The raised bottom L in my invention has a double purpose-first,. that of pro-
viding a dividing wall between the vapour within and the air without, and,
second, that of displacement, so that the volume of vapour at any time within
this wall and the outer one is comparatively small, aiming to have as little vapour
in this chamber as is consistent with a proper distribution and supply to the
burner cone so that when the gate P is closed the vapour may be quickly and
wholly consumed without vitiating the atmosphere of the apartment where the

page_text: stove is in use. For similar reasons I have provided a liquid seal in the discharge
pipe 7 at the point 33 consisting of a U formed section so that the liquid first
discharged from the housing D will fill this loop and cut off the escape of vapour
into the can H. The latter is provided also with a tube 8 acting as an open air
or vapour vent to allow the free flow of liquid into the can. The upper end of
this tube is placed contiguous to the induction ports 2 so that vapour, if formed
at any time in the can E, is at once discharged into the air current advancing in
the direction of said ports and is eventually carried upward into the cone and
there usefully consumed.
Owing to the speed of the fan small portions of liquid fuel are liable to be 1
thrown from it similar to the flight of sparks from an emery wheel. Therefore I
have arranged internal gutters 35 and 36 to receive this liquid when accumulated
in sufficient quantities and conduct it into the main T whence it will find its
way into the receiver H.
To secure the proper lubrication of the bearings of the fan shaft I have pro-
vided the oil receiving cups 37 above and the sumps 38 below the central boss 4
so that the cups being first filled with a loose absorbent material and the lubricant
introduced thereafter the latter will find its way around the shaft and into the
sumps where it will remain and be gradually drawn by capillarity to the parts
requiring it.
In order to quickly heat the valve section O having the central discharge orifice 14
of my conduit system to volatilize the liquid fuel as described and prevent the
transmission of heat to parts of the structure not requiring it, I use a sleeve 39
of non-conducting material inclosing this valve section and within the collar 40
projecting from the fan housing and also employ means for rendering the non-
conducting sleeve impervious to liquids-such as asbestos, cement or other suitablé
lute. In fact, at the several points contact of the fixed parts of my burners I
use an asbestos fabric for similar purposes, as at 41, in Fig. 2. The employment
of this non-conducting element is therefore highly important if not indispensable,
to avoid the conducting away of the heat from the generating vapour jet and into
the fan housing which would interfere with the smooth action of both jet and
fan, and to also prevent the throwing out of the liquid gasolene from the annular
space between the jet pipe and the fan chamber.
The vapour of liquid hydrocarbons is heavier than air and if permitted, will
fall from the point of discharge to the lower levels. In order therefore to prevent
a current of inflammable vapour, in the event of a tardy application of the match,
being drawn in the direction of the fun housing and inflaming the vapour therein,
I arrange a shield 42 (shown in broken lines) extending from the plate J to a
point below the fan housing so that the undesirable result named may not be
the penalty for negligent disregard of the simple rule in the handling of my
invention, namely apply a lighted match to the burner cone before opening the
valve C which embodies substantially all the education necessary to successfully
use my invention. This shield performs also the office, in addition to the above,
of concealing the active mechanism from view and protects it from mischievous
interference by the curious.
In order the more conveniently to oil the bearings, I provide openings 43
through the plate J immediately over the cups. These openings may be closed
by means of shifting lids or otherwise.
It is apparent that the wheel, E will be kept in motion after opening the valve C
as long as the fuel supply from the container A continues; but in order to main-
tain its motion after the valve C is closed the valve O is opened, the flow of liquid
through this latter valve being regulated by the valve the projecting stem of
which is shown at 44. It is desirable to heat the lower valve section containing
the escape orifice 14 as speedily as possible and in order to meet this requirement
I have provided the separable valve stem. U consisting of an outer and an inner
section engaging each other by means of a squared male and female connection 45
and 46. Ä spring coil 47 is provided and arranged so as to keep the two sections

page_text: in engagement. The joint thus formed serves to prevent the conduction of heat
derived from the burner cones to parts not requiring it. It is well in practice to
open the valve O slightly soon after onening the valve C and so discharge the
liquid lodged therein and make way for the heated vapour to follow and thereby
secure the advantage of circulation through this lower valve section. The valve C
being finally closed the further operation of the device is secured in the way
herein before described.
The first step of vapourizing the fuel supply and feeding it onward to the con-
suming point is not departed from but supplemented by introducing at a subse
quent stage of the process a heated jet of the vapour to aid, increase, and perfect
the operation. It may be regarded in the light of a circular movement of an
agent whose strength, force and intensity are reinforced by the addition of
another powerful agency during the circular movement. It is not, however, to
be understood that the feeding forward of the heated supply of vapour alone
after the liquid supply is cut off as a submethod of supply may not be followed.
The advantage of the first or continuous method will be experienced best in
starting the stove, especially in cold weather, and thus continuing the production
of the vapour from the liquid in the main chamber. At other times and under
other conditions, especially in warm weather it is desirable to cut off the liquid
jet immediately before opening the vapour jet and also before the fan has ceased
to rotate in order that the supply of vapour may not be made too great, which
would cause a smoky flame by reason of an insufficient amount of air to dilute the
vapour.
1
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner fhe same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The process of generating and supplying inflammable vapour under elastic
tension, which consists in the initial step of agitating a liquid hydrocarbon and
air, then igniting, the resulting combustible product, then vapourizing by said
ignited product a second hydrocarbon liquid supply, then utilizing the vapourous
product created for the purpose of maintaining, continuing and increasing the
agitation and ignition for heating and lighting, substantially as described.
2. An improvement in the means of generating and supplying inflammable
vapour under elastic tension which consists in the combination with a liquid
hydrocarbon supply of a chamber in which such liquid hydrocarbon and a current
of atmospheric air are subjected to agitation to atomize the liquid, agitating
means, a second liquid supply means for vapourizing the liquid, a conductor for
conducting a jet of the vapour from the vapourizing means to said agitating
chamber, means for cutting off the liquid supply to said chamber, means for
conducting the said mingled air and vapourized product to a suitable consumer for
heating or lighting, and said consumer, substantially as described.
3. In combination with a main liquid hydrocarbon supply and suitable
conduits, a chamber provided with means for agitating the liquid received
therein, means for introducing a current of air to said chamber, a burner
to which the inflammable vapour is conducted and where it is ignited a
supplementary hydrocarbon liquid supply vessel feed from the main supply
and heated by said ignited vapour, means for cutting off the liquid supply
to said agitating chamber and a conduit for conducting the heated vapourized
liquid from said vessel to the said agitating chamber, from which the mixed
heated and inflammable gas and outer air are carried to a burner by the same
means, substantially as described.
4. In combination with a hydrocarbon liquid container a main, burner and
cone, a vapourizing fuel tube heated by said burner, conduits leading from said
container to the upper end of the vapourizing tube, a commingling chamber, a
main conduit provided with a cut off and leading from said commingling chamber

page_text: to the burner body, a smaller auxiliary cone, a pipe leading from the main conduit
to the auxiliary cone, whereby when the main burner is extinguished by the
operation of the cut off, heat may be continued to vapourize the liquid in the
suid conduits leading into the fuel tube, substantially as described.
5. In combination with a vapour generator and burner, of a casing or chamber
provided with an air inlet and a vapour discharge orifice or conduit, a revoluble
wheel provided with vanes and mounted within said casing or chamber, a liquid
supply pipe terminating in the jet orifice within the casing in position to deliver
a jet of liquid against the vanes of the wheel and cause its rotation, a liquid
receptacle and a conduit thereto from said chamber for receiving the excess of
liquid fuel not vapourised by said wheel, whereby the accumulation of the liquid
within the wheel chamber is prevented and the free and rapid circulation of the
wheel is maintained by the impact of the jet, substantially as described.
6. In a vapour generator and burner the combination with the liquid supply
and a conduit leading therefrom for supplying the liquid under pressure, of a
receiver having an air inlet, a burner supplied from said, receiver, two inde-
pendent conduits having jet orifices and fed from said supply conduit, one of said
jet conduits lying in close proximity to the burner whereby the liquid is volatilized,
and a fan within the receiver for creating an elastic tension therein, said fan
driven by the jet issuing from either or both of said orifices; substantially as
described...
:
7. In a vapour generator and burner, the combination with a liquid hydro-
carbon supply and burner, of a receiver for supplying vapour to the burner, a
fan motor in said receiver for creating an elastic tension therein, a conduit from
the supply having a jet orifice discharging into the receiver, a drain pipe pro-
vided with a trap and leading from the receiver, a liquid receptacle into which
said drain pipe discharges, and a vapour escape or vent pipe leading from the
top of said liquid receptacle to a point in proximity to the said jet orifice, whereby
gases. generated in the liquid receptacle are carried into the receiver by the
action of said motor, substantially as described.
8. In a vapour generator and burner, the combination with the burner of a
receiver for supplying vapour thereto, a mechanical agitator within the receiver,
a liquid hydrocarbon supply, a conduit having a jet orifice in close proximity to
said burner for directing a jet of volatilized product into said receiver to drive
said agitator, a non-conducting packing interposed between the walls of the jet
orifice and the receiver, whereby the heat of the volatilized liquid is maintained,
and the liquid supply confined to said receiver, substantially as described.
9. A burner cone having a raised dome shaped under surface, a flaring upper
termination and a suitable central opening forming an air passage, in combination
with a plate to which the cone is secured having also a corresponding central
"opening, a fuel tube placed in said central air passage, a fuel supply and a pipe
connection with said supply and fuel tube, said tube having an opening and a
heat conducting surface at its top, a vapour receiving chamber and a supply con-
nection between said chamber and burner, substantially as described.
10. In a vapour generator and burner, the combination with a burner and
cone, a vapourizing retort placed within and extending through said burner and
cone a fuel supply, a pipe connection with said supply and retort, said retort
having an opening and a heat conducting surface at its top, a vapour receiver,
a fan within said receiver, and a conduit leading from said heat conducting
surface to said receiver, and a conduit provided with a valve controlled discharge
orifice terminating within said receiver, the said orifice discharging the vapour-
ized product against said fan to impel it, substantially as described.
11. The combination in a vapour generator and burner of the burner having
-the circumferential outer wall, the cone having the under dome-shaped surface,
a contracted neck and expanding top surface, the horizontal plate having a central
opening through which the neck of the cone
end of said cone connected to the circumferential wall of the burner,
is passed, the lower

page_text: whereby a burner chamber is formed between the wall of the cone
and the wall of the burner, a vapour receiving and distributing chamber, a
conduit leading from said latter chamber to the burner chamber said conduit
provided with a sliding gate opening into the burner chamber, on a line tangential
with its wall whereby the current of vapour to the burner chamber is first thrown
to the periphery of the burner cone, then to the central portion thereof, and its
supply regulated and controlled, substantially as described.
12. In a vapour generator and burner, the combination with a liquid hydro-
carbon supply and a receiving chamber, of a pipe connection of said supply and
said chamber, said pipe provided with a valve consisting of an outer inclosing
shell having two threaded opposing end sections, an intermediate internally
recessed chamber, a reciprocating valve key inclosed by said chamber having a
longitudinal bore and lateral side openings into said chamber and an imperforate
inner end section, an apertured adjustable plug secured in said outer shell, said
plug forming a seat to which the imperforate end section of the key may be
forced on and off by the movement of said key and pipe connection and an
intermediate or continuous flow of the liquid through said valve may be secured,
substantially as described.
13. In combination with the vapour receiving and agitating chamber, of a
burner and cone, a conduit from said cone to said chamber and a valve in said
conduit consisting of a separable stem composed of an outer round section and an
inner square section engaging each other and a spring coil on the outer section
arranged to keep the two sections in engagement, substantially as described.
14. In a vapour generator and burner in combination with one or more burner
cones, impinging flame surfaces consisting of one or more radial arms such as 15,
additional heat conducting surfaces such as 17, fixed at and above the inter-
sections of said radial arms with the said cones, substantially as described.
1.
L10no
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
Agents for Applicant, 17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester.