IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tuer, William Hodgson, and
Robert Hall, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PREPARING
TEXTILE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 24th June 1853, and dated the 24th December 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tuer,
William Hodgson, and Robert Hall at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th De-
cember 1852.
We, WILLIAM TUER, WILLIAM HODGSON, and ROBERT HALL, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR WEAVING, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PRE-
PARING TEXTILE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our first improvement consists in a method of so weaving a faced
fabric of two materials that the face thereof shall consist of the
article of the superior quality. In order to effect this, we use two
[Price Sd.]

page_text: or more shuttles in a "rising box" loom, the one shuttle containing
silk for instance, and the other or others cotton; and we so arrange
the throwing of these that at the time the warp is shed for the face
the silk shall be used, and at the time it is shed for the back cotton
shall be used: wool, mohair, or other material being in like manner
combined with those of the inferior quality.
Secondly, our improvements consist in making the pickers of
looms of malleable cast iron or other metal, and inserting a piece of
wood, hide, or other suitable substance, to arrive in contact with
the shuttle; also in the application of a soft substance for con-
veying lubricating material to the picker spindle, such substance
being so fixed that upon the advance of the lathe the spindle
arrives in contact therewith.
Thirdly, in the application of certain apparatus to "rising box
looms," with which either of the shuttles arrives in contact, should
it be improperly projecting from the box, thereby causing such ap-
paratus to yield, and through the intervention of suitable arrange-
ments arrest the progress of the loom.
Fourthly, our Invention applies to the weft detector apparatus of
looms, and consists in causing it to act consecutively upon two or
more threads which are at one side of the machine at the same time:
this we accomplish by raising one thread after it has been detected,
so as to prevent it from interfering with the operation of the fork
upon the other.
Fifthly, our Invention refers to an arrangement for preventing
the loom from being unnecessarily stopped when a weft detector
apparatus is applied at each side thereof: this we accomplish by
causing one portion of the parts to move on one side, so as to fail in
being brought into contact with the stopping machinery, when the
shuttle is not at that side of the loom.
Sixthly, in the application of an extra driving motion for looms,
capable of being brought into operation when the ordinary driving
strap is thrown off, so as to turn the loom at a slower rate, which
extra motion may be adapted for turning the machine forward or
backward.

page_text: Seventhly, in a peculiar construction of endless chain for impart-
ing a shedding motion to the warp threads. A number of plates
of the requisite width are jointed together, and to these are attached
by screwing the necessary tappets for acting upon the treadles or
other ordinary parts.
"
Eighthly, in the application of that motion known as the star
wheel," or Maltese cross, for the purpose of effecting the picking
motion of looms. This motion acts, as is well known, at regular
periods; and we employ such periodical action for the purpose of
effecting the throwing of the weft.
Tenthly, in the application of rods extending across the width of
the warp threads, which rods rise and fall therewith, and serve to
steady them by preventing their vibration.
Eleventhly, in the application of endless chains, tappets, or other
such parts for removing at intervals the pin of the pinion which
drives the "star wheel," when that apparatus is used for giving
motion to machinery for raising or lowering the shuttle boxes of
looms; by which means the said "star wheel" may be caused to act
at any desired periods, and therefore give motion to the lifting ma-
chinery at corresponding times only.
Twelfthly, our Invention refers to such looms as are working with
a Jacquard apparatus, and with two or more shuttles, and consists
in the application of the Jacquard to the purpose of connecting or
detaching the driver which actuates the machinery for changing the
positions of the shuttle boxes.
Thirteenthly, our Invention consists in the application of tappets
formed as sectors of circles arranged side by side for the purpose
of raising or lowering the shuttle boxes of rising box looms, such
tappets being capable of removal, and of being differently arranged
at pleasure.
Sixteenthly, our improve" consist in a method of manufacturing
the warp and work rollers of looms; this part of our improvements
being also applicable to the manufacture of rollers or cylinders
for carding engines. Upon the axis of the roller we form or attach
radial arms or blades, within the spaces between which we apply

page_text: blocks of wood, which are therefore of a wedge shaped form; and
these blocks we draw towards the axis by means of bolts or other
similar apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said William Tuer, William Hodgson, and
Robert Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th June
1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
WILLIAM TUER, WILLIAM HODGSON, and ROBERT HALL, of Bury, in
the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth December, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Tuer, William Hodgson, and Robert
Hall, Her special licence that we, the said William Tuer, William
Hodgson, and Robert Hall, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Tuer, William
Hodgson, and Robert Hall, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention "FOR IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Tuer, William Hodgson,
and Robert Hall, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Hall, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say):
Our improvements consist, firstly, in a method of weaving a
fabric of different materials, as wool and cotton, so that the face
thereof shall consist chiefly of the more expensive material, the
wool for instance. This we effect by the use of two or more
shuttles in a rising box loom, the one shuttle containing wool for
instance, and the other or others cotton; and we so arrange the
throwing of these that at the time the warp is shed for the face
the wool shall be used, and at the time it is shed for the back cotton;
and in like manner we combine silk, mohair, &c. with other ma-
terials of inferior quality.
Secondly, in making the prickers of looms of malleable cast
iron or other metal, and inserting a piece of wood, hide, or other
suitable substance, to arrive in contact with the shuttle; also in
the application of a soft substance for conveying lubricating ma-
terial to the picker spindles, such substance being so arranged
that upon the advance of the lathe the spindles shall arrive in
contact therewith.
Thirdly, in the application to using box looms of a yielding
plate or other apparatus, with which a shuttle improperly pro-
jecting arrives in contact, so as to effect the stopping of the loom.
Fourthly, our Invention relates to the weft detector apparatus
of looms, and consists in causing it to act consecutively upon
threads which are at one side of the machine at the same time:
this we accomplish by raising one thread after it has been de-
tected, so as to prevent it from interfering with the operation of
the fork, when used to ascertain the presence of the other.
Fifthly, our Invention refers to an arrangement of apparatus for

page_text: preventing the loom from being unnecessarily stopped when a
weft detector apparatus is applied at each side thereof: this we
accomplish by causing a portion of the parts to move on one side,
so as to fail in being brought into contact with the stopping
machinery, when the shuttle is not at that side of the loom.
Sixthly, in the application of an extra driving motion for looms,
capable of being brought into operation when the ordinary driving
strap is thrown off, so as to turn the loom at a slower rate; which
extra motion may be adapted for turning the machine forward or
backward.
Seventhly, in a peculiar construction of endless chain, for im-
parting a shedding motion to the warp threads. A number of
plates of suitable width are jointed together, and to these are
attached by screwing the necessary tappets for acting upon any
ordinary parts.
Eighthly, in the application of that motion known as the star
wheel" or "Maltese cross," to the purpose of effecting the picking
motion of looms.
.
Ninthly, in the application of a rod or rods, extending across
the width of the warp threads in Jacquard looms, which rods rise
and fall therewith, and serve to keep them distended during the
beating up of the work.'
Tenthly, in the application of endless chains, tappets, or other
such parts for removing at desired intervals the pin of the pinion
which drives the "star wheel," when that apparatus is used for
giving motion to machinery for raising or lowering the shuttle boxes
of looms, by which means the said "star wheel" may be caused to
act at any desired periods, and therefore effect a change of shuttles
at corresponding times.
Eleventhly, our Invention refers to such looms as are working
with a Jacquard or similar apparatus for shedding the warp and
with a rising box for the shuttles, and consists in the adaptation of
the said Jacquard or its equivalent to the purpose of connecting
or detaching the parts which actuate the machinery for changing
the position of the shuttle box.
Twelfthly, our Invention consists in the application of tappets

page_text: formed as sectors of circles, arranged side by side, for the purpose of
raising or lowering the shuttle boxes of looms; such tappets being
capable of removal, and of being differently arranged at pleasure.
Thirteenthly, our Invention relates to the method of making the
warp and work rollers of looms; this part of our improvements being
also applicable to the manufacture of rollers or cylinders for carding
engines. Upon the axis of the roller we form or attach radial arms
or blades; within the spaces between which we apply blocks of wood,
which are therefore of a wedge shaped form; and these blocks we
draw towards the axis by means of bolts or other similar apparatus.
Having thus alluded generally to the several points of our
Invention, we will proceed to describe how the same may be carried
into effect.
Our first improvement may be described by supposing that a
loom is provided with tappets of any ordinary construction suit-
able for shedding the warp so as to produce a cord or other fabric,
in which weft threads are floated across the warp; instead, however,
of using one shuttle, as in the manufacture of ordinary cords, we
use two or more in a rising box loom, with a rising box on each
side thereof, so as to be able to throw single picks of the several
materials used; we will suppose two, and that one of them is pro-
vided with woollen weft and the other with cotton, the warp threads
being also of the latter material. The order of opening the sheds
will then be precisely as now practised in making the cord or other
such fabric, but at the time that the floatings are effected we cause
the rising boxes, by any ordinary means, to bring that shuttle into
operation which contains the woollen weft; and when the back is
formed to with draw this and substitute the cotton weft, by which
method of operating it will be perceived that we obtain a fabric,
the face of which, with the exception of the warps that tie the loops.
is of superior material, while the back is of the inferior. In like
manner we produce fustians or other such fabrics with the same
peculiarity; and they may, if desired, be cut or raised by any of the
usual methods we have mentioned, particularly wool and cotton :
but it will be evident that other combinations, as silk and cotton.
may, if desired, be substituted. We have also described the face as

page_text: composed entirely of the superior material, with the exception of
the warp threads which tie the floatings; we do not, however, intend
to confine ourselves precisely to that condition, for we sometimes,
to a certain extent, mingle the wefts of the shuttles when throwing
the floating threads, and this may be done without depriving the
fabric of the general appearance of a face constituted by a material
superior to that of the back; the object of this part of our improve-
ments being to cause the floated threads to be made up by a num-
ber of pricks, the greater portion of which are of superior quality
to the lesser. Instead of proceeding as above with two shuttles,
we sometimes employ three or more, containing for instance wool,
silk, and cotton, the first two of which we throw into the floatings,
so that they shall be entirely composed of them (with the exceptions
of the tie threads), or we keep the general character of those
materials as above mentioned, and we cause the order of picking to
be conducted accordingly as we desire the fabric to bear more
particularly a face characteristic of the one or of the other, and it will
be evident that various effects may be produced by using threads of
various colors. We have mentioned that we use a rising box on
each side of the loom; but this arrangement, however, is not indis-
pensible if a fabric be formed in which single picks of one of the
materials are not required.
Our second improvement is shewn in Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the
accompanying Drawings, which is a section of a picker looking
at it horizontally. It is constructed of malleable cast iron or other
metal; a, being the portion which slides on the usual rod, and b,
the projecting part to which the strap is attached; at c, a socket
is formed, within' which we place a piece of hide, wood, or other
substance suitable for arriving in contact with the shuttle.
The other point of novelty mentioned. under this part of our
improvements is shown at Fig. 2, Sheet 1. Upon the front framing
of the loom and at either side we apply a cup or box d, con-
taining lubricating material, and communicating with the inside of
this, and therefore with the oil or other such material, is a brush,
sponge, or other soft substance e, and with which the picker spindle
f, arrives in contact at each vibration of the slay. By this means

page_text: lubricating material will be drawn by the substance e, from the
cup d, and conveyed to the picker spindles. .
Our third improvement is shewn at Fig. 3, Sheet 1. Within the
slay of the loom we form a recess g, within which is placed a
plate h, capable of turning down upon a hinged centre i, and
provided with a projecting part j, taking into a slot formed within
a rod K; this rod passes through guides L, attached to the slay,
and is forced towards the rising box end of the loom by means
of a spiral spring m; by which arrangement the plate h, is kept.
upward in the position shewn in the Drawing, so as to con-
stitute a portion of the shuttle race. The operation of this
part of our improvements is as follows: Suppose a shuttle to
be thrown into the moveable box, and that, by falling short or
rebounding, it projects outside at the time the box is descending,
the downward motion will cause the shuttle to press against
the plate h, which being thus turned upon its centre will thrust
forward the rod K, so as to bring its other extremity into con-
tact with the spring lever n, which being thus projected from its
notch, the loom wll be stopped in the ordinary manner.
Our fourth improvement is shewn in Fig. 4 and 5, Sheet 2, which
also exhibit certain other parts of our Invention hereafter to be
referred to. Fig. 4, is a partial end elevation of the loom, and Fig. 5,
a partial front view thercof. The fork and vibrating lever of the weft.
detector apparatus are shewn at a, b, and are of the usual construc-
tion; c, d, e, are the ordinary rods and levers for lifting the shuttles
of rising box looms. Upon the centre of the lever d, is affixed a
second lever f, carrying a projecting pin g, which is situate over a
lever h, turning upon a centre at i. This lever is provided with a
vertical rod j, capable of moving up or down in guides attached to
the framework of the loom, and at its lower end it carries a fork K,
which projects through the ordinary grid formed in the slay of the
loom for the weft detecting apparatus. The fork K, extends forward
over the shuttle race, so that upon a weft thread being thrown it
will lie thereon. Suppose a pick to have been made from one of
two shuttles, and that the ordinary fork a, has been advanced so as
to detect its presence, and suppose that now another shuttle is to be

page_text: thrown to the same side of the loom, it is evident that, without some
interfering cause, that thesecond advance of the fork would again ope-
rate upon the first weft thread already detected, and that therefore
whether the second were present or absent, the loom would be allowed
to continue in motion; but this is provided for by our improvement
in the following manner. The first thrown thread having been de-
tected as above described, and it being necessary to receive another
shuttle into the same box, the rod e, will be caused to descend so as
to raise the shuttle box; in doing this, the lever d, will be turned upon
its centre, thereby bringing the pin g, to bear upon the lever h; this
lever being thus caused to move, will raise the rod j, and the fork
K, attached thereto, which will carry with it the first thrown weft
thread lying thereon, and thereby withdraw it from the range of
the ordinary fork a. By the time this is accomplished, the second
weft will have been thrown, and the weft detector apparatus will
operate upon it alone. If now the shuttle of the raised weft has to
be thrown, the.shuttle box will have to be lowered, and the conse-
quent turning up of the lever g, will lower the fork K, so as to
restore the thread resting thereon to its former position; this re-
storation must in fact take place whenever the raised thread has to
be thrown, for such operation cannot be performed without lowering
the box, the motion of which necessarily causes the descent of the
rod and its fork.
Our fifth improvement is also shewn in the two Figures above
referred to. Upon the shaft , which carries the tappets for
shedding the warp. we apply a cam m, the periphery of which
acts against a roller carried by a lever n; this lever turns
upon a centre at o, and its other extremity is connected to a link
2, which is jointed to a bell crank lever q. The upper end of this
bell crank is situate within a slot. formed in a rod r, capable of
sliding in guides formed within the framing of the loom; this is the
usual vibratory rod of the stop motion, and to it are connected, by
means of arms s, the ordinary vibratory quadrants t, t*, which
strike against the forks a, a*, when the weft thread is absent.
Suppose the weft thread or threads to be at the right hand of Figure
5, and that a double arrangement of weft detector apparatus be

page_text: applied, it is evident the fork at the left hand will not be lifted, and
that, therefore, the vibratory quadrant t*, would be struck thereby,
and that the loom would be stopped, although the weft thread be
duly present, but at the other side of the loom. By our improve-
ment this unnecessary stopping is prevented, and in the following
manner: The vibratory quadrants t, t*, are so placed upon the rod
, that they cannot both be opposite to the forks a, a*, at the same
time, but the cam m, is of suitable form for causing the rod r, to
slide to or fro, so as to bring the quadrant t, or t*, opposite to its
respective fork whenever the weft thread is at a corresponding side
of the loom; for instance, in the position shewn in the Drawing, the
shuttle or shuttles are supposed to be at the right hand of the Figure,
and, therefore, the quadrant 1, is opposite to the fork a, but that
shewn at t*, is on one side of its fork a*; when, however, the weft
shall have been thrown to the other side of the loom, then the cam
m, will have drawn the rod r, so as to separate the quadrant t, and
fork a, and bring the others t*, a*, coincident. We have shewn this
part of our improvement in combination with that portion of our
Invention previously described, but they are not necessarily con-
nected; if applied to an ordinary one shuttle loom, then it is evident
that the lateral motion of the rod will take place at regular intervals,
that is, with every pick; but if adapted as shewn in the Drawings to
a rising box loom, the cam may be so cut as to cause the necessary
coincidence between the quadrants t, and forks a, to be brought
about at any desired intervals, according to the position of the weft
thread thrown; and these intervals may correspond to cuts upon the
cam representing an entire round of the pattern, or an endless chain
may be employed for the same purpose if the shuttle pattern be long.
Our sixth improvement will be explained by reference to Fig. 6,
Sheet 2. The driving shaft of a loom, from which motion is com-
municated to the crank shaft, is shewn at u, provided with a pulley
V, by which the ordinary motion is communicated. Upon the shaft
u, is also a spur wheel, above which it is situate a pinion W, the
axis of which is carried by a lever X, turning upon a centre at Y, its
other end moving in a guide Z, and provided with a rod 1, the lower
part of which rod is jointed to a treadle 2. Upon the axis of the

page_text: pinion W, there is a pulley 3, around which a strap 4, is passed, com-
municating with a pulley over head driven by the motive power. The
tension of the strap 4, is so determined as to be sufficient when the
loom is in ordinary work to raise the lever a, so as to lift the pinion
W, from the teeth of the wheel on the shaft u; but when the driving
strap is thrown off, and it is desired to move the loom more slowly,
then the attendant places his foot upon the treadle 2, so as to bring
the pinion W, into gear with the wheel as shewn in the Drawing,
and the desired motion will be accomplished. In the arrangement
shewn in the Drawing, the loom will be turned backward by the
extra motion; but, if desired, a reversing motion or other apparatus
may be applied, so as to cause the loom to revolve forward, but at
a slower rate.
Our seventh improvement is shewn at Figs. 7, and 8, Sheet 2
(5, are a series of metal plates of requisite width for the number
of tappets to be used; these plates are jointed together at
their ends by links 6, so as to form an endless chain, which passes
over a rectangular roller 7, the sides of the said chain bearing
against bosses (one of which is shewn at 8) attached to the shaft of
the roller 7. The plates 5, are provided with a series of holes 9,
through which screws are passed, taking into tappets 10, and by which,
therefore, they are confined together. These tappets may be
arranged at any desired intervals according to the holes provided,
and without the necessity of placing washers between them, or
removing the links of the chain, provided the length thereof be
suitable to the round of pattern required. The pattern chain thus
formed may be caused to act upon rollers and levers as shewn in the
Drawing, and the motion thereof communicated so as to effect the
shed in any ordinary manner.
Our eighth improvement is shewn in the Fig. 9, Sheet 1. The
crank shaft of the loom is provided with the disc o, carrying
the pin p, which takes into the notches q, of the star wheel r,
which wheel is mounted upon a shaft turning in bearings attached
to the framing of the loom. The face of the star wheel is provided
with a series of projecting pins S, equal in number to one half
of the notches q; which pins extend outward so as to arrive

page_text: at regular intervals in contact with a projection attached to the
picker shaft t, connected in any ordinary manner to the pickers.
A similar apparatus to that shewn in the Fig. 9, is placed at either
side of the loom, and the operation is as follows: Upon the revo-
lution of the crank shaft, the pin p (according to the position
shewn) will cause a rapid motion of the star wheel r, so as to cause
a pin s, to act upon the projection on the picker shaft t, after which
the pin p, will have passed from the notch; and the periphery of
the disc o, will revolve in contact with a concave portion of the star
wheel without producing any motion, as is well understood; and this
effect will take place at every alternate revolution of the crank shaft,
for, although each rotation thereof will cause the star wheel to move,
the picking will be effected as described, by means of the pius s, being
equal to half the number of notches q. At the other side of the loom,
however, the pins are so arranged as to operate in the intervals, and
thus the picking at alternate sides of the loom is effected.
.
Our ninth improvement will be explained by reference to Fig. 10,
Sheet 2, in which 11, 12, represent the warp and breast beams of a
Jacquard loom, and 13, the harness by which the shedding is produced.
At the time of beating up the cloth by the advance, of the reed, the
warp threads are usually carried down by the lingoes, so as to be
caused to deviate from a straight line, as shewn in the Drawing; in
consequence of which, when the reed advances, the warp threads
become straightened between the points 11, 12, which straightening
provides for a portion of the work carried forward, instead of this
being done by the withdrawal of yarn from the warp beam; in con-
sequence of which there is much difficulty in weaving strong fabrics
in looms of this description. This straightening of the
warp threads
between the cloth and the work beams we prevent in the following
manner: To the crank shaft of the loom is attached at either side
, an eccentric; these are connected by means of links to a cross
bar 15, extending across the breadth of the warp. As the shed is
opened this rod is raised by its excentrics so as to accompany the
lifted threads; but when the yarn is brought level, and the work is
about to be beaten up, the rod 15. has again been brought down so
as to occupy the position shewn in the Drawing, and has become an

page_text: obstacle to the straightening of the threads when the tension is put
upon them; in consequence of which, the warp will be drawn from
its beam in due proportion for every pick. We have described the
use of one rod, but, if found necessary, a second may be adapted on
the other side of the harness.
Our tenth improvement is shewn at Fig. 2, and 3, and also
in the detached views of certain of the parts, Fig. 11, and 12,
Sheet 1. Upon the crank shaft 1, is fixed a pinion 2, taking
into a wheel 3, mounted upon a stud. 4, which carries, by means
of a feather, a boss 5, provided with an arm 6; to this arm
is attached a pin 7, taking into the notches 8, of a star wheel 9,
mounted loosely upon a stud 10; to the boss of the star wheel
9, is affixed a grooved roller 11, over which there is passed an
endless chain 12, some of the links of which, as 12* (Fig. 2)
project outward, so as to constitute tappets. Attached to the stud
10, by a set screw 13, is a bracket 14, which carries the centre
pin of a vibrating lever 15; the upper part of which is provided
with a roller 16, caused to bear against the chain 12, by means
of a spring, and the lower portion is connected by means of a fork
to the boss 5, of the arm 6; the tappets of the chain, therefore, will
cause the lever 15, to turn upon its centre, so as to slide the boss 5,
upon the stud 4. To the boss 5, is also attached a second arm 17,
carrying a pin 18, which, after passing through the pinion 3, is
situate beneath another star wheel 19, so as to be capable of taking
into the notches thereof (see the detached views, Fig. 11, and 12).
On one side of the pinion 3, is a disc 20, revolving in contact
with the concavities of the star wheel 19, as is well understood, and
on the other side thereof is a second disc 21, connected in like man-
ner to the star wheel 9. As the crank shaft revolves, rotatory
motion will be communicated to the wheel 3, and consequently
through the intervention of the pin 7, the star wheel will be caused
to perform a portion of a revolution for every revolution of the
wheel 3, thereby moving the chain 12, through a space corresponding
to one link; and according to the number of teeth in the wheels this
motion will take place once for every two picks of the loom. The
revolution of the crank shaft will also cause the pin 18, to be carried

page_text: round, so as to arrive in connection with one of the notches of the
wheel 19, which, by turning loosely upon the stud 4, will, through
the intervention of wheels 22, 23, impart rotatory motion at intervals
to the shaft 24. Upon this shaft is placed the endless chain, cam,
or other such parts for raising or lowering the shuttle box. In the
Drawing we have shewn, for this purpose, a cam 25, constructed
according to another part of our improvements, and hereafter par-
ticularly to be described the prominences of this cam, or of an
endless chain, &c., act against a roller 26, placed in a lever 27;
which, by means of the connections 28, effects the required lifting
action. The revolution, however, of the cam 25, or endless chain;
is not intended to take place at regular intervals, but only at such
times as a change in the shuttle is required, and it is the method of
effecting that which constitutes this part of our Invention. Accord-
ing to the position of the parts shewn in the Drawing, the pins 7,
and 18, are so situated, as regularly to take the star wheels 9, and
19, at every revolution, which would be the condition necessary if
it were required to effect a change and consequent movement of the
cam or chain 25, for every two picks; but suppose, now, that the
weaving is to go on for more picks without any change taking place,
the chain 12, will have been so arranged as to bring a tappet 12*,
upon its surface, in contact with the roller 16, of the lever 15; by
which means, the said lever will be caused to turn upon its centre
of motion, so as to slide the boss 5, upon the stud 4. By this move-
ment both of the pins 7, and 18, will be drawn outward, and that
which drives the star wheel 19, will be carried beyond the plane of
the said wheel, and will therefore fail in causing it to revolve, consc-
quently no motion of the cam or chain 25, will take place; the pin
7, which drives the star wheel 9, although at the same time drawn
outward, will continue in operation, it having originally projected
sufficiently far to admit the withdrawal of the pin 18, without being
taken out of gear itself. The operation will now continue
without the cam or chain 25, which supports the rollers 26, being
moved as long as the prominences on the chain 12, continue to act
upon the lever 15. and consequently the same shuttle will continue to
be thrown; when, however, another change is necessary, then a link

page_text: of the chain 12, without, a tappet, will arrive in contact with the
roller 16, and the lever 15, being kept inward by its spring, the boss
5, will be slidden back upon the stud 4, and the pin 18, will once
more be placed so as to give motion to the star wheel 19. We have
described a chain as used for the purpose of withdrawing the pin 18;
but, instead of that precise arrangement, ordinary wheels, tappets,
organ barrels, pierced cards, or other equivalent apparatus may be
used if desired, and the immediate prominences by which the shuttle
boxes are raised (represented in the Drawing by the cam 25) may
be constructed after the manner. of the chains used in those looms
known as, diggles, or in any other suitable or ordinary manner.
..Our eleventh improvement we shall illustrate by reference to Fig.
13, Sheet.1,. which is a partial side view, shewing how our Invention
may be applied to a certain known arrangement of rising box loom;
and, in order to explain the improvement, we will in the first place
point out the general features of that construction of machine which
we have selected as an example.. Upon the crank shaft 29, is
mounted an eccentric 30, the strap of which is connected to an arm
31, pointed to one end of a vibrating lever 32, the other extremity
of which is .connected to a driver 33; the. revolution of the shaft
therefore causes the driver to move to and fro, and in so doing to
propel a ratchet wheel 34, around its centre. This centre is a shaft,
which carries a cam 35, operating upon a roller 36, mounted in a
lever 37, and to this is connected a rod 38, the lower end thereof
being jointed to a lever 39, connected to the rising box by means of
a rod 40. The cam, 35, therefore thus operating, is capable of allowing
a shuttle to be thrown corresponding to the position shewn in the
Drawing, and also by raising the box, another shuttle answering to
the elevations thereon. According to the method of using this ap-
paratus now practised, the driver 33, is operated upon by an endless
chain or other such apparatus provided for that purpose alone,
which chain raises it, so as to cause its vibration to run clear of the
ratchet wheel, or depresses it so as to cause the said wheel to be
turned when a change in the shuttle is required, and a consequent
turning of the cam 35, necessary. By our improvements we dis-
pense with the said chain, and employ the Jacquard or other appa-

page_text: ratus used for shedding the warp to accomplish the required object.
In order to effect this, we adapt to the driver a rod or cord 41, and
connect it to a hook of the Jacquard apparatus, so that it will be
lifted by the "griff" at the required times for taking it out of ope-
ration; for which purpose holes or blank parts are left in the cards,
as is well understood; or if endless chains or other equivalent
apparatus the Jacquard be used for shedding the warp, we cause
the tappets or other such parts thereof to perform the requisite
lifting of the driver, the precise adaptations for which will of
course depend upon the arrangement of loom, and will be readily
constructed by all competent persons. We have alluded to an ap
paratus for three shuttles only; but the construction of loom above
referred to, if provided with two or more cams 35, so as to work
with more shuttles, may as readily be adapted to our improvement,
by piercing two or more series of holes in the cards, or by adapting
tappets in the endless chain or other equivalent to the Jacquard.
We would also observe that we have merely alluded to the above
construction of rising box looms as an example, our Invention being
applicable to the moving at intervals of endless chains or other ap-
paratus employed to change the position of shuttles in what are
commonly called rising box looms; as examples of which we would
instance the combination of this part of our Invention with that
described under our tenth improvement, and also with that ar-
rangement of loom commonly known as diggles; in order to illus-
trate which it is merely necessary to suppose the chain therein
employed substituted for the cam 35.
The twelfth part of our Invention is shewn in the Fig. 2,
Sheet 1, above referred to. It consists of a cam made up of
sectors of circles 41, each one fitting accurately to others on cach
side thereof, and provided with a projecting part 42, the radius
of which may be varied in each sector, a sufficient number of
different forms being provided, so that by changing one for
another the line of cam shall be coincident at the junctions;
thus, in the Figure referred to, there are say four elevations
corresponding to five positions of the rising box. Motion being

page_text: communicated at intervals to the shaft of the cam by the me-
thod before described, or by any ordinary means, the roller 25,
will be caused to rise and fall on the continuous pattern thereof, and
by means of the connecting apparatus raise or lower the shuttles.
The sectors 41, are placed upon a face plate, and secured in their
proper positions by means of screws.
Our thirteenth improvement is shewn in Fig. 9, Sheet 1. The
framework of the warp beam consists of four radial arms 43,
the angular spaces between which are filled up by pieces of wood
44, and these are drawn towards the centre by means of bolts
and nuts 45; the apertures for the nuts being subsequently
closed up, and the surface turned true; and in this manner we
also construct the rollers or cylinders for carding engines. We
have mentioned four metal arms, but it will be evident more may
be employed if desired.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
that we claim as secured to us―
Firstly, the use of two or more materials for the weft of a fabric,
combined with the warp in such a manner that the face of the said
fabric shall for the greater part be composed of more expensive
material than the back thereof.
Secondly, making the pickers of looms of malleable cast iron or
other metal; also the application of apparatus, against which the
picker spindle arrives in contact for the purpose of receiving lubri-
cating material.
Thirdly, the application of a yielding part to the slay of rising
box looms, against which a projecting shuttle presses upon the de-
scent of the box, so as to arrest the motion of the loom.
Fourthly, as applied to looms in which two shuttles are employed,
the adaptation of suitable apparatus for removing one weft thread
from range of the detecting fork after it has been operated upon, so
as to allow the second weft thread to be detected alone.
Fifthly, as applied to looms in which two weft detector apparatus
are employed, causing the said apparatus to be disconnected from

page_text: the stopping parts on that side of the loom on which the weft thread
is not required to be detected.
Sixthly, the application of an extra driving motion to looms ca-
pable of being brought into operation by the attendant, so as to
cause the machine to revolve more slowly backward or forward.
Seventhly, constructing, endless chains, for effecting a shedding
of the warp, by metal plates united by links, such plates having
tappets applied thereto by means of series of holes formed therein.
Eighthly, the application of the "star wheel," "Maltese cross."
motion to the purpose of effecting the picking.
Ninthly, the application of a rod or rods, bearing upon the warp
threads of Jacquard looms, for the purpose above set forth.
Tenthly, the application of endless chains, cards, tappets, or other
such parts for removing the pin which drives the
star wheel"
or "Maltese cross," when applied to the purpose of actuating
machinery by which shuttle boxes are raised.
Eleventhly, the application of the Jacquard endless chains, or
other such apparatus used for forming the shed, to the purpose
(in the same loom) of causing the changes of the shuttles in "rising
box" looms.
Twelfthly, the application of a cam constructed by joining to-
gether separate pieces formed as sectors of circles, and capable of
being re-arranged at pleasure for the purpose above set forth.
Thirteenthly, constructing the work and warp beams of loomis,
and also the rollers or cylinders of carding engines, by blocks of
wood placed between radial arms of metal.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Hall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
ROBERT HALL. (L.S.)