Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition and other Compressed Blocks for Paving.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left. 18th Oct. 1897-Accepted. 20th Nov. 1897
Date of Application, Ton Dec., 1090
Complete Specification Left. 18th Oct. 1897-Accepted. 20th Nov.. 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition and other
Compressed Blocks for Paving.
I, WILLIAM HENRY COWARD of Hastings Villa, Bexley Road, Erith, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of composition and other compressed
blocks and to the means whereby a non-slipping quality is imparted to the wearing
surface so as to render them particularly suitable for street paving.
The composition of which the blocks may be made comprises the following
ingredients:-
Scotch Paraffin Shale, which is cheap and tough, or in lieu thereof Asphalt;
Wood or Cork Sawdust creosoted and made into a paste with the Shale or Asphalt
in a steam jacketted mixer, by the addition of hot Tar or Tar Oil to waterproof the
materials and bind them together.
The mixture of materials is moulded into the form of blocks by hydraulic pres-
sure at, say, about two tons per square inch in dies wherein have been placed
strips of lead bent to semi-circular or other shape so as to stand up edgewise from
the bottom of the mould, in order that the composition may be pressed into the
spaces between the strips which will thus become embedded in the body of the block
and present their edges at the face which is ultimately to form the wearing surface
of the block.
The strips may be in width about one third the thickness of the block, more or
less, so as to sufficiently provide for wear, and they are distributed over the surface
of the block so as to afford efficient security against the slipping of horses.
The invention also comprises the application of the lead to compressed blocks of
crushed stone and cement. The stone is crushed to, say, inch gauge and cement
is mixed with it to form a paste. The strips of lead are placed as before in the
mould which is filled up with the crushed stone and cement and subjected to pres-
sure as before described.
Dated this 10th of Dece
1900
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition and other
Compressed Blocks for Paving.
I, WILLIAM HENRY COWARD of Hastings Villa, Bexley Road, Erith, in the
County of Kent, Engineer; do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of composition and other compressed
blocks or slabs and to the means whereby a non slipping quality is imparted to
the wearing surface so as to render them particularly suitable for street paving.
The composition of which the blocks or slabs may be made may comprise the fol
lowing ingredients:-Paraffin Shale, which is cheap and tough, or wholly or partly
in lieu thereof Asphalt either mixed or in superposed layers; Wood sawdust or
ground Cork creosoted being in some cases made into a paste with the Shale in a
steam-jacketed mixer, by the addition of sufficient hot Tar to waterproof the
materials and bind them together.
In order to cause the Tar to permanently set and to toughen it it is preferable
to add to the Tar before mixing, about 5% of common salt and 10% of naphtha.
The blocks or slabs may be wholly of shale alone or mixed with sawdust or cork
for foot traffic but for road traffic this composition would be used as a backing for
a facing of asphalte or of a mixture of asphalt and shale the two being in any case
compressed together. In order to prevent horses slipping on the surface of the
paving block I embed strips of lead therein so as to present their edges at the wear-
ing surface and so afford a good foothold for horses by virtue of the non-slipping
quality of the lead for the iron horseshoes.
The materials of which the block is to be composed are moulded into the form of
blocks by hydraulic pressure at, say, about two tons per square inch in dies. The
strips of lead may, for convenience, be bent to a semi-circular, zig-zag, or other
shape so as to stand up edgewise upon the bottom of the mould and permit of the
composition being easily pressed into the spaces between the strips which will
thus become embedded in the body of the block with their edges flush with the
lower face of the block in the mould, this face ultimately forming the upper or
wearing surface of the block when laid as pavement. The strips may however
be straight and be cast together or otherwise united by cross webs so as to stand up
in the mould. They may be of such depth as to extend through about one-third
the thickness of the block, more or less, from the wearing face so as to sufficiently
provide for wearing away of the block.
The invention also comprises the application of similar lead strips to compressed
blocks of crushol stone, such as refuse from granite and slate quarries, and
cement. The stone is crushed to, say, one-eighth inch mesh and gauged cement
(in the proportion of about 1 of cement to 3 of stone) is mixed with it to form a
paste. The strips of lead are placed as before in a mould which is filled up with
the mixture of crushed stone and cement and subjected to pressure as before
described.
It will be evident that whatever may be the material used instead of first
placing the lead strips in the mould the materials may receive a preliminary
moulding whereby the block or slab is shaped and partially compressed and is by
means of a suitable plunger formed with an indentation or recess adapted to
receive the lead strip or strips the latter being inserted therein before the block
or slab is subjected to final pressure in the hydraulic press.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination, with a paving block or slab composed of compressed
asphalte, or partly of asphalte and partly of shale alone or mixed with the other
materials specified, of lead in the form of strips or of other form embedded therein
so as to be presented at the wearing surface of the block substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
2. Compressed paving blocks or slabs composed of the materials or combinations
of materials herein specified with lead in the form of strips or otherwise embedded
in the surface thereof by pressure.
Dated this 18th day of October 1897
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.