THE MODE OF TRANSFERRING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES."
Year: 1878

page_text: Sealed the 3rd June 1879, and dated the 9th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodor Pixis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1878.
THEODOR PIXIS, of Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
THE MODE OF TRANSFERRING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES."
'IMPROVEMENTS IN
The improvements relate to modes of transferring or impressing permanent
pictures or devices made from photographic negatives on materials or substances of
all kinds other than paper used for printing a phototype plate is produced repre-
senting the picture which is to be transferred or its negative which must be of the
same size as that in which the copy is to appear. The printing ink, such as is used
in the phototype process, and to which any tone or colour may be given, must be
carefully mixed with a siccative; Japanese gold size or chemical equivalent
deserves the preference. The quantity to be taken of this liquid depends on the
question whether the picture is to dry rapidly or slowly. As a rule 15 to 18
drops of Japanese gold size to each 1/2 inch cube of printing-ink may be con-
sidered adequate for producing that indebility which must be attained in the
plurality of cases. A thin white paper, one side of which has been prepared with
a clear and entirely smooth layer of paste and well pulverized chalk, or in some
instances only with a thin layer of paste, must, in dry condition, be so placed upon
the phototype plate carefully impregnated with the above ink composition, that its
prepared pasted side lies underneath; the paper is then softly pressed with a damp
sponge, whereupon the whole is drawn through a press, if possible but a single time.
The paper to which the picture has thus completely been transferred is then care-
fully taken off the plate, and can be immediately transferred on other materials, or
else it may be kept in reserve and sent away for the purpose of being transferred
[Price Adl

page_text: at a future time somewhere else. In order to keep it damp for the latter purpose
it must be placed between damp blotting paper and hermetically packed up. The
object to be printed must be fastened in the press, and the transfer paper after
having been moistened from the reverse is laid on that part on which the picture
is to appear. Some sheets of damp blotting paper are then placed upon the transfer
paper, and the whole, together with the usual cover, is drawn through the press
once or several times, according to the object upon which the transfer is being made;
this done the transfer paper is moistened with a sponge dipped in cold water, this
is continued until the paper becomes mollified to such a degree that it can easily be
detached from the transferred picture without leaving on it any traces of the
printing ink.. In order to render the picture completely clear the layer of chalk
attaching to it directly after the act of printing must be removed by means of a
soft sponge which has been wetted in cold water. Should a white coated glass
plate be used for the purpose of etching care must be taken to avoid moistening
the transfer paper before placing it upon the plate and while taking it away from
it; besides, even without being moistened, it can easily be detached from its non
greasy basis. Box-wood plates are prepared for the process in the following
manner A quantity of flake white ground in oil, such as is used by painters,
must be mixed with 5 or 6 drops of Japanese gold size for a middle size plate, and
as much benzine added as will make it possible to work the whole in the thinnest
quantity attainable and very swiftly on the plate by using a broad brush. As soon
as the wood-engraver has finished his task he effaces the whole not with water but
with turpentine or spirit. The transfer upon ebony or upon any other black or
dark material takes place by means of a white colour prepared in the above manner
or of any desired light colour. But the negative required for producing the photo-
type plate must in this case be converted into a positive by means of the gelatine
process. Upon smaller objects, such as medallions in ivory, metal, wood, etc., the
transfer, if executed without delay, can be performed directly from the paper by
using a smoothing-bone; this fact is important with regard to all such objects as
are not quite flat but somewhat vaulted. From phototype plate smoothed with
a roller in the above said manner, the picture may also be immediately transferred
upon extensible and soft material, such as leather textiles, etc.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Theodor Pixis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th June
1879.
THEODOR PIXIS, of Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF TRANSFERRING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES."
The improvements relate to modes of transferring or impressing permanent pictures
or devices made from photographic negatives on materials or substances of all kinds
other than paper used for printing. A phototype plate is produced representing
the picture which is to be transferred, or its negative, which must be of the same
size as that in which the copy is to appear. The printing-ink used in the photo-
type process, and to which any tone of colour may be given must be carefully
mixed with a siccative; Japanese gold size or chemical equivalent being preferred.
The quantity to be taken of this liquid depends on the question whether the picture
is to dry rapidly or slowly. As a rule 15 to 18 drops of Japanese gold size to each
1/2 cubic inch of printing-ink may be considered adequate for producing that indeli-
bility which must be attained in inost cases. The photographic picture after having
been rolled over with this preparation is transferred upon the respective material
either directly or by means of transfer paper. The transfer upon ebony or upon
any other dark material takes place by means of_a_white-colour-prepared in the
above manner-or-of-any-desired light colour. But the negative required for pro-
ducing the phototype plate must in this case be converted into a positive, which
may be done by the gelatine-process. In order to transfer a picture on porcelain,
clay, or glass, I take exclusively enamel colours and get them upon the phototype
plate by rolling. If the tone of the picture is to be lowered or strengthened, or if
generally a variety in colouring is desired, either the phototype plate, the transfer,
or the respective material is powdered over with dry colours of the required tint
before the enamelling takes place and while the colours are still damp. This
powdering with dry colours may also be applied to pictures which are to be
transferred on leather, textile fabrics, metal, wood, minerals, &c. The above
named materials, as likewise painted canvas, wood, metal, &c., may also, after
the respective picture has been passed over, and before the transfer takes place,
be prepared in the desired colour by means of oil, distemper, wax, porcelain, and
water colours. Every picture, if transferred in the described manner upon wood
in several colours or one colour, may, when sufficiently dried, be polished, oiled,
and otherwise treated without becoming damaged. Pictures transferred on textile
fabrics can be made to stand washing by drawing them, when dry, through a
solution of glair, squeezing and heating them to a temperature of 110-120 degrees
Celsius.
1. The application of siccatives mixed with the printing colour in order to secure
the indelibility of the pictures transferred, and to render them capable of being
polished, varnished, washed, or painted over according to the material upon which
they are transferred. 2. The transfer of photographic pictures (either directly or by
means of a special transfer sheet) upon materials which have previously been
coloured with the desired tints, also the transfer of pictures which have first been
painted on the transfer sheet. 3. The application of dry colours in shape of powder
either upon the phototype plate upon which they are fixed by rolling, or upon the
picture which is already transferred, or upon the transfer sheet. 4. The polishing,
oiling, and treatment of the wood after the transfer of the photographic picture
which has for this purpose been produced upon the wood in an indelible manner.

page_text: 5. The fixing photgraphic pictures upon textile fabrics by means of glair in order
to make them capable of being washed. The whole substantially in the manner as
described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodor Pixis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of June, A.D. 1879.
TATOD DIVIC
1201