IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Carl Philippson, of Münzstrasse, Berlin,
in the Kingdom of Prussia, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM HAMMERS."-A communication from abroad by Louis Schwartzkopff,
1
2
D
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1862.
I, FERDINAND CARL PHILIPPSON, of Münzstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its. object improvements in steam hammers. For
this purpose the anvil is made moveable, so that it may be raised or lowered
as has before been proposed, in order to bring the material operated upon to
any desired distance from the hammer. The bottom of the framing of the
machine forms the anvil bed, in which are formed two vertical hydraulic
cylinders, containing water, oil, or other suitable fluid, and a passage is formed
in the anvil bed, by which the two cylinders communicate with each other,
so that when the ram of one cylinder is raised, the other will be lowered, and
vice versa. The anvil block is carried on the top of the ram of one of these
cylinders, the ram of the other cylinder is made of sufficient weight to counter-

page_text: balance the weight of the ram of the first cylinder, and of the anvil block
carried by it; the top of this ram is connected to a lever by which the ram
can readily, as the two rams balance each other, be raised or lowered, thus
raising or lowering the ram carrying the anvil block, and the lever can be
retained in any position by a screw bolt passing through the lever and through
a slot in an arc or quadrant fixed to the framing, and the lever can, by a lock
nut on the bolt, be clamped in any position to the are or quadrant; or the
lever may be otherwise held in any desired position. The steam cylinder is
earried by a block bolted to the main frame; the piston is furnished with a
heavy rod which passes through a stuffing box in the bottom of the cylinder,
and also through a guide at the lower end of the block; to the lower extremity
of the piston is attached the hammer head or tool which descends on to the
anvil block beneath it. Between the stuffing box and the guide at the lower
end of the block, the piston is furnished with a projection or cross head, which
works on guides on the block, and prevents the piston rod from turning.
The hammer is made double-acting, that is to say, the steam is caused both to
raise the hammer and also to act on the top of the piston to force the hammer
down. The steam is admitted to and shut off from the cylinder by a slide
valve, which, in order to obtain rapidity of motion, is made on what is known
as the equilibrium or balanced principle, that is to say, the valve is not pressed
by the steam against the valve face, but works between the valve face and a
plate parallel with it; the valve is worked to and fro by the valve rod being
connected to a lever, on which are two inclined arms, against which a roller,
carried by a pin projecting from the piston rod, comes alternately as the piston
rod moves to and fro, and thus turns the lever on its centre, and gives the
requisite motion to the valve.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FERDINAND 3
CARL PHILIPPSON, of Münzstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her 3!
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said Ferdinand Carl. Philippson, Her special licence that I, the said Ferdinand
Carl Philippson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as J,
the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," a communication to me from abroad
by Louis Schwartzkopff, a person residing at Chausséestrasse, Berlin, afore-
said, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ferdinand Carl
Philippson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same
is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam hammers. For
this
purpose, the anvil is made moveable, so that it may be raised or lowered
as has before been proposed, in order to bring the material operated upon to
any desired distance from the hammer. The bottom of the framing of the
machine forms the anvil bed, in which are formed two vertical hydraulic
cylinders, containing water, oil, or other suitable fluid, and a passage is formed
in the anvil bed by which the two cylinders communicate with each other, so
that when the ram of one cylinder is raised, the other will be lowered, and
vice versa. The anvil block is carried on the top of the ram of one of these
cylinders; the ram of the other cylinder is made of sufficient weight to
counterbalance the weight of the ram of the first cylinder, and of the anvil
block carried by it. The top of this ram is connected to a lever, by which the
ram can readily, as the two rams balance each other, be raised or lowered, thus
raising or lowering the ram carrying the anvil block, and the lever can be
retained in any position by a screw bolt passing through the lever and through
a slot in an arc or quadrant fixed to the framing, and the lever can by a lock
nut on the bolt, be clamped in any position to the arc or quadrant, or the lever
may be otherwise held in any desired position. The steam cylinder is carried
by a block bolted to the main frame; the piston is furnished with a heavy

page_text: rod, which passes through a stuffing box in the bottom of the cylinder, and
also through a guide at the lower end of the block; to the lower extremity of
the piston is attached the hammer head or tool which descends on to the anvil:
block beneath it. Between the stuffing box and the guide at the lower end of
the block, the piston is furnished with a projection or cross head, which works
on guides on the block, and prevents the piston rod from turning. The
hammer is made double-acting, that is to say, the steam is caused. both to
raise the hammer and also to act on the top of the piston to force the hammer
down. The steam is admitted to and shut off from the cylinder by a slide
valve, which, in order to obtain rapidity of motion, is made on what is known
as the equilibrium or balanced principle, that is to say, the valve is not pressed
by the steam against the valve face, but works between the valve face and a
plate parallel with it; the valve is worked to and fro by the valve rod being
connected to a lever, on which are two inclined arms, against which a roller,
carried by a pin projecting from the piston rod, comes alternately as the piston.
rod moves to and fro, and thus turns the lever on its centre, and gives the
requisite motion to the valve.
And in order that the said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings here-
unto annexed.
"
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 is a front view of a steam hammer,
constructed according to the Invention; a, a, is the lower part of the framing
of the machine; it forms the anvil bed, and is bolted to the foundation; a¹
and a are two hydraulic cylinders containing water, oil, or other fluid; a³ is a
passage in the casting connecting these two cylinders; at is a draw-off plug
for running out the liquid when required, and as an aperture for pouring in
the liquid, which also is closed by a plug; b, b', are the rams of the two
cylinders; they are arranged to work through cup leathers like the rams of
hydraulic presses. The ram is bored longitudinally from its bottom upwards
to fit over the strong pin or guide c, which is screwed into the bottom of the
cylinder a²; this guide serves to cause the ram to rise and fall truly, and a
feather on the one working in a groove in the other prevents the ram from
turning d is the anvil block mounted on the top of the ram 61, and holding
the anvil e f is the upper block, or part of the frame; it is bolted to
the lower part a, and carries the steam cylinder g, which is supplied with
steam by the steam pipe h, on which is the cock h¹; i is the slide valve; it is
relieved from the pressure of the steam at the back by being fitted to work

page_text: steam-tight against the back plate j; this is formed with a cylinder & behind
it, which passes through a stuffing-box, and-is pressed-up against the valve by
a spiral spring k, supported at the back by a cross bar; is the piston; it has
a strong piston rod m; this passes through a stuffing-box at the end of
the cylinder, and also through a bearing formed on the frame fat f'; n is the-
hammer head fixed at the lower end of the piston rod; o is a cross head keyed
on the piston rod, and made to work in V guides on the frame f, so as to steady
the piston rod, and prevent it turning ;. o' is a friction pulley, mounted on a
stud on the cross head o; this works the valve by striking alternately the two
ends of the three-armed lever p. The lever p rocks on an axis'p*, carried by
the frame f, and its farther end is connected by a link 9. with the valve rod;
thus the slide valve is made to work, so as to admit the steam alternately over
and under the piston, and keep the hammer in constant motion, so long as
the steam is on.. The force of the blow given to the work on the anvil is
regulated by raising and lowering the anvil; if the blow is given just at the
end of the stroke, it will be very light, but if the anvil be raised, so that the
work is struck when the piston is only a short distance beyond mid-stroke, the
blow will be as heavy as the hammer is capable of giving, and in between
these two extremes any force of blow may be obtained by suitably regulating
the height of the anvil; this is readily done, as before-mentioned, by raising or
lowering the ram b, the rams 6 and 6¹ balancing each other. The ram 6 may
be moved up and down by a lever acting directly upon it, and this arrange-
ment I have shown at Figures 3 and 4, which are herein-after more fully
described; but in the Figures 1 and 2, I have shewn the leverage applied
through a pinion and toothed rack, which I believe to be the more convenient
arrangement, except for hammers of very small dimensions, and I would here
remark that the employing a hammer kept when at work in continuous and
regular motion, and having an anvil mounted on a ram, which is balanced by
another ram capable of being raised or lowered by suitable power or leverage,
is an important feature of my Invention. In the Figures 1 and 2, r is a rack
fixed to the top of the plunger b; it is made to gear with a pinion s, the axis
of which is carried by brackets fixed on the bed frame a, and has also fixed
upon it the hand wheel t, by turning which the anvil is raised or lowered.
The periphery of the wheel t passes through a clip u fixed to the frame ƒ by
means of which the wheel can be locked in any position, the anvil is thus kept
stationary; u is the hand lever of the clip; its inner end beyond its axis is
excentric thereto, and when the lever is turned down in the position in which
it is shown in the Drawing, it jams the periphery of the hand wheel t; but
when turned up at right angles to its present position, it allows the wheel to

page_text: pass freely. Figure 3 is a side view partly in section, and Figure 4 is a plan
of the lower part of a steam hammer, also constructed according to the
Invention, but differing slightly from that already described in the method of.
raising and lowering the ram b; the letters of reference marked on these
Figures agree with the description already given of Figures 1 and 2. In this
arrangement the axis p' carries a short arm p², which by a link p³ is connected
with the ram b; p' is a hand lever on the same axis, by raising or depressing
which the anvil is brought to the required level. The lever handle traverses
over the slotted are p³, to which it can be clamped at any point, to hold the
anvil stationary by a binding screw and nut p. The other parts of this steam
hammer are similar to those of that shewn at Figures 1 and 2.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinand Carl Philippson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal this Thirteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two..
F. C. PHILIPPSON. (L.S.)