IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Blakey Stocks, of Liversedge, Finisher,
James Whitwam, of Huddersfield, Machinist, and William Blakey, of
Batley Carr Top, near Dewsbury, Finisher, all in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Blakey Stocks,
James Whitwam, and William Blakey at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th October 1865.
We, WILLIAM BLAKEY STOCKS, of Liversedge, Finisher, JAMES: WHITWAM,
of Huddersfield, Machinist, and WILLIAM BLAKEY,, of Batley Carr Top, near
Dewsbury, Finisher, all in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
OR SHEARING THE NAP OR PILE OF NAP OR PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Apparatus for cutting or shearing the nap or pile of nap or pile fabrics is
generally arranged to cut the pile or nap of the fabric to a uniform smooth
surface. Apparatus of this kind has also been arranged to cut or shear the nap
or pile in grooves-or furrows in directions parallel to the length of the cloth,
and it has also been arranged to cut such grooves in diagonal directions.
But the object of our improvements is also to obtain grooves or furrows in
zig-zag, curved, circular, and a variety of regular or irrégular directions at
pleasure, so as to obtain great variety of effects. In order to this the

page_text: blade affixed to the stock is provided with serrations or points, such as have
been heretofore used when making the direct or parallel grooves above
referred to; and according to our improvements we also sometimes form such
serrations or points in angular directions, and the stock or framing supporting
the blade attached thereto, together with the cylinder or series of revolving
blades, and also the "bed" or surface over which the fabric passes are
capable of endway or of circular or other motion at their supporting ends,
and the stock or frame is capable of being raised at its front side or edge to
raise the cutters from the "bed," so as to remove the cutters wholly or in
part from the cloth, and allow them to come down thereon again in such
order as may be desired, depending on the pattern to be obtained. The
backward and forward, endway, and lifting motions to produce these various
zig-zag and other effects are obtained by means of cranks, eccentrics, tappets,
or pattern surfaces of forms or figures adapted by acting through levers, links,
or other connections to the parts to be moved to produce the patterns required.
The projections to the blade affixed to the stock in place of being pointed
may be square at the ends thereof, or of other figure at such part adapted to
the pattern of the shearing to be produced..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Blakey Stocks, James Whitwam, and William
Blakey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we WILLIAM
BLAKEY STOCKS, of Liversedge, Finisher, JAMES WHITWAM, of Huddersfield,
Machinist, and WILLIAM BLAKEY, of Batley Carr Top, near Dewsbury,
Finisher, all in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year of our 'Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Blakey Stocks, James Whitwam, and William Blakey, Her
special licence that we, the said William Blakey Stocks, James Whitwan,
and William Blakey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said William Blakey Stocks, James Whitwam, and William
Blakey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should. at any time agree
: with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during
..the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,

page_text: and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR SHEARING THE NAP OR PILE OF NAP OF PILE
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Blakey Stocks, James Whitwam, and William Blakey, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under, our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
.
_ NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Whitwam, on behalf of
myself and the said William Blakey Stocks and William Blakey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Apparatus for cutting or shearing the nap or pile of nap or pile fabrics is
generally arranged to cut the pile or nap of the fabric to a uniform smooth
surface. Apparatus of this kind has also been arranged to cut or shear the
nap or pile in grooves or furrows in directions parallel to the length of the
cloth, and it has also been arranged to cut such grooves in diagonal directions.
But the object of our improvements is also to obtain grooves or furrows in
zig-zag, curved, circular, and a variety of regular or irregular directions at
pleasure, so as to obtain great variety of effects. In order to this the blade
affixed to the stock is provided with serrations or points, such as have been
heretofore used when making the direct or parallel grooves above referred to;
and according to our improvements we also sometimes form such serrations or
points in angular directions, and the stock or framing supporting the blade
attached thereto, together with the cylinder or series of revolving blades are
O capable of endway, or they may be of circular or other motion at their
supporting ends, and also the bed or surface over which the fabric passes may
also have like motion given to it; and the stock or frame is capable of being
raised at its front side or edge to raise the cutters from the "bed," so as to
remove the cutters wholly or in part from the cloth, and allow them to come
5. down thereon again in such order as may be desired, depending on the
pattern to be obtained. The backward and forward, endway, and lifting
motions to produce these various zig-zag and other effects are obtained by
means of cranks, eccentrics, tappets, or pattern surfaces of forms or figures
adapted by acting through levers, links, or other connections to the parts to

page_text: be moved to produce the patterns required. The projections to the blade
affixed to the stock in place of being pointed may be square at the ends
thereof, or of other figure at such part adapted to the pattern of the shearing
to be produced.
.
But that the Invention may be fully understood, we will, by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE. DRAWINGS.
:
Figure 1 represents a front view; Figures 2 and 3, sections; Figure. 4, an
end view, and Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, detail views of apparatus arranged
according to our improvements.
.)
A being the framing thereof; B, handles, carrying the dies or blocks in
which revolves the cylinder C, on which are fixed the knives or cutters:;
D shows the ends of the stock which work in fixings E bolted on to the
frame side. These fixings E are adjustable, and the stock D is capable of
adjustment by means of the screws D¹ also, so as to ensure the utmost nicety in
bringing the edges down on to the cloth. F is a roller supported by two fixings
bolted on to the solid bed G; this roller. is clothed with emery, or sand paper,
or other suitable material in two directions on a double spiral, one inclining
to the right, the other to the left, from the centre, with a tendency to keep
the cloth distended in width. The bed G may, if desired, be what is known
in the trade as a "spring bed." The roller F, which may be used when the
piece of cloth to be operated upon is what is termed "cockley," or does not
lay, flat, and when used it should draw a little quicker than the draw roller R¹,
This roller F is driven by a pulley and strap motion F¹ taken from the driving
shaft, as shewn. H is a second card roller similar to the roller F, only the
motion is given to this by the cloth in passing through; I is the driving shaft,
on the end of which is a change pinion J, which, by means of the inter-
mediate stud wheel J', drives the wheel K revolving on the stud L fixed into
the frame A. On the same centre and keyed to the wheel K revolves the
mitre wheel M, giving motion to the shaft Q, on which is keyed the worm O
which drives the worm wheel R keyed on to the draw roller R¹. By means
of change wheels at J and K we obtain various speeds at the draw roller, so
as, to enable us to vary the serpentining lengthwise.
:
We will now describe the motion for causing the stock to traverse longi-
tudinally. Upon the shaft I is keyed a change pinion S giving motion by
means of the intermediate wheel T to the wheel U, which revolves on the
stud U fastened to the frame side. Connected with the wheel U is the mitre
wheel Z, which drives the shaft a by means of the mitre wheel V. At the end

page_text: of the shaft a is the eccentric W fitted with a stud b capable of adjustment to
the stroke desired. Working on the stud b is the lever X, which is supported
at the fulcrum c; this lever X is connected with the stock at d, and causes it
to traverse longitudinally in the fixings E; the movement of the lever is
varied by the change wheels S and U. The motion for lifting the cutting
part off the fabric is derived from the driving shaft I, on which is keyed the
change pinion e; this wheel by means of the intermediate wheel ƒ drives the
wheel g which revolves on the stud i. Keyed to the wheel g is the tappet h
which may be changed or varied according as the pattern is required to be
varied; this tappet h gives motion to the lever j, which is supported by the
fulcrum keyed into the fixing o bolted to the frame side. Connected with
the lever j is the rod l, which is also connected with the lever p screwed into
the stock. Also connected with the lever; by the links k is the compensating
lever m weighted at t, for the purpose of relieving the strain on the lever j.
As the tappet h revolves it causes the rod 7 to rise and fall, and consequently
raises the cylinder of cutting edges from the surface of the cloth, and thereby
at such times stops the cutting. The times of stopping may be varied by
varying the change wheels e and g, and by the shape of the tappets h. By
means of these motions or combinations of them we are able greatly to vary
the serpentining effects, and also to form squares similar to those of a chess-
board, cut figures at intervals, cut straight grooves and serpentines or zig-zags
alternately. Motion to the stock may also be given by means of pattern
surfaces. The traversing indicated may be arranged to take place at intervals
or continuously. It may also be arranged to continue during the time that
the cylinder is raised off the cloth by means such as indicated. The lever X
is provided with a sliding die working in a slot at 6, and may be similarly
furnished at d. The screws S regulate the depth of cut effected by the
cutting blade. The blade D' is fixed to the stock D, and is formed with
projections, as indicated by Figure 5, but their form may be varied according
to the pattern desired. S¹ are brackets fixed to the framing A, upon which
the screws S rest. The brown line in Figure 4 represents the fabric under
operation.
Having thus described our improvements and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details shown and described, as these may be
varied without departing from the peculiar character of our Invention; but
what we claim is, arranging and combining means or apparatus in manner
substantially as described, adapted to cutting or shearing the nap or pile of

page_text: nap or pile fabrics in furrows or grooves in zig-zag and a variety of regular or
irregular directions at pleasure.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Whitwam, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JAMES WHITWAM. (L.S.)