IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNALLY FIRED HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATORS,{ AND IN THE SETTING OF THE SAME
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Fountain Livet of Short Street, Finsbury Pavement,
London in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer for an Invention of,
IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNALLY FIRED HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATORS,{
AND IN THE SETTING OF THE SAME
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fountain Livet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1883.
FOUNTAIN LIVET, of Short Street, Finsbury Pavement, London in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNALLY FIRED HIGH PRESSURE,
STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN THE SETTING OF THE SAME
This invention relates to certain improvements in internally fired High pressure
steam generators and in the method of setting the same, and consists in a novel
construction and combination of parts whereby economy is secured by obtaining
a maximum available heating surface with a minimum fuel consumption combined
with greater simplicity of design, and facility for cleaning and inspection, especially
adapted for working at very high pressure. I also accomplish a new and useful
method of setting the boiler whereby I secure the minimum contact of brick work
with the boiler.
The boiler is of a compound nature and consists of two lower cylindrical boilers
having flat ends, and one furnace tube in each, each cylinder is connected by
several conical tubes to one upper cylinder. The crown of each furnace tube slopes
up
from say the second expansion ring to the point over the back end of the bridge,
rising some four or five inches in all. Conical or other cross-tubes may be placed
in the back part of the furnace tube in the ordinary way. As the boiler is intended
for high pressures the two lower cylinders are preferably made not more than 5
feet in diameter, while the upper one is from 5 to 6 feet in diameter. The conical
connecting tubes are about double the area, at the top where connected to the
upper cylinder than that of the lower end connecting with the lower cylinders.
The water level is maintained a little above the half of the diameter of the upper
cylinder, the space between such water level and the top of the cylinder serves as a
steam chest. The weight of the upper cylinder is entirely supported by the conica!

page_text: connecting tubes. The whole boiler is supported on any convenient number of cast
iron saddles under the lower cylinders.
The course of the flues is as follows:-On the wheel draft principle the gasses
pass through the furnace tube into an expansion chamber having a deep pit or
receptacle below the level of the side flues for the reception of grit: they then pass
into a side flue, the top of which is carried up to the apex of the lower cylinder
and the botton of which is of inverted arch form. The area of this first flue is
larger than that of the furnace tube and it is placed on the outside of the boiler
farthest away from the centre. The gases then pass into another expansion
chamber, under the front end of the lower cylinder, the sectional, area of which is
greater than that of the first fluo, and they then emerge into the second side Que
the area of which is greater than the sectional area of the second expansion
chamber. The gases from both lower cylinders then pass into the end chamber
and rise up under the end of the upper cylinder into a side fluo of larger sectional
area than both the second return flue of the lower cylinders, and continue across
the front of the upper cylinder into another flue larger than the first one thus
passing in one continuous flue five times the length of the Boiler before going
through the damper flue into the chimney.
The divisions between each pair of side flues are effected by a wall surmounted
by a semicircular coping only just impinging upon the shell of the cylinder: The
conical connecting tubes are so constructed that they can be affixed to the
cylinders after arriving at their destination, thus making the boiler ensy of
transport.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Fountain Livet in the Patent Office on the 15th February 1884.
FOUNTAIN LIVET of Short Street Finsbury Pavement London in the county of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNALLY FIRED HIGH PRESSURE
STEAM GENERATORS AND IN THE SETTING OF THE SAME
This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of internally
fired high pressure steam generators and in the method of setting the same; and
consists in a novel construction and, combination of parts whereby economy is
secured by obtaining a maximum available heating surface with a minimum fuel
consumption, combined with greater facility for cleaning and inspection and a
minimum contact of brickwork with the boiler; especially adapted for working at
very high pressure
I will now proceed with a description of my improvements aided by the drawings
attached in which Figure 1 represents a sectional Elevation, Figure 2 is a section
through line c. d. Figure 3 is a section through line e. f. Figure 4 is a sectional
plan of the lower cylinders and of the side flues, and Figure 5 is a plan showing
the upper cylinder and the flues around the same.
The boiler is of a compound nature, and may consist of one or two lower
cylindrical tubes; I will here assume that it consists of two lower cylindrical
tubes A. and B. made preferably not more than five feet in diameter, having fat
ends and one furnace tube in each. The cylindrical tubes A and B are connected
by several conical tubes D to one upper cylinder E which may be from five to six
feet in diameter. These connical connecting tubes are so constructed, that they can
be affixed to the cylinder after arriving at their destination, thus making the boiler
easy of transport.-The crown of each furnace tube C slopes up from say the second
expansion ring seam, to a point over the back end of the bridge rising some four or
five inches in all as shown at F and falling again to F1 as at-F. F¹. Figure 3; and
in the back portion of the furnace tubes, conical or other cross tubes may be placed
in the ordinary way.-The object of this raising and again depressing the crown
of the furnace tube, at the bridge, as shown, is to render the heating surface at the
point F. more effective by allowing the flame to rise beyond it, and also offering a
surface at the point F¹ upon which the flame will impinge, more directly than if
the crown of the tubes were horizontal according to the usual practice. The upper
cylinder E is connected by conical tubes D to the lower cylinders A and B and
these tubes are about double the area at the top H where connected to the upper
cylinder, as compared with the lower end J. connected with the lower cylinders A
and B, the weight of the upper cylinder being entirely supported by the connecting
tubes D. The water level is maintained a little above the half of the diameter of
the upper cylinder E the space between such water level and the top of the
cylinder serving as a steam chest, and the whole boiler is supported on any
convenient number of cast iron saddles K under the lower cylinders and shaped as
shewn so as not to project unduly into the flues in such a manner as to interfere
with the air draught.
In describing the course of the flues, I will follow the current from one of the
lower cylindrical tubes, both flues being the same :-
The current is on what is termed the wheel draught principle; the gases pass
through the furnace tube C into an expansion chamber L having a deep pit or
receptacle M below the level of the side flues, for the recption of grit; the heated
gases then pass into a side flue N, the top of which is carried up to the apex O of
the lower cylinder, and the bottom of which is of inverted arch form P, the sectional
area of this flue N is larger than that of the furnace tube C and is placed on the

page_text: outside of the boiler, farthest away from the centre; The gases then pass into
another expansion chamber at Q the sectional area of which is greater than that of
the first flue N and the heated gases then emergo into the second side flue R the
area of which is greater than the sectional area of the second expansion chamber Q.
The gases from both lower cylinders (in the case before mentioned, whero two
lower cylindrical tubes are used) then pass into the end chamber S Figure 4 and
rise up under the end of the upper cylinder E into a side flue T. Figure. 5. of
larger sectional area than the second return flues R. of the lower cylinders, and
continue across under the front of the upper cylinder into another flue U larger
than the last named side flue T. Thus the gases pass in one continuous flue five
into the
times the lenth of the boiler before going through the damper flue
chimney. The divisions between each pair of side flues are effected by a wall, the
vertical sides of which are at a tangont to the semicircular inverts of the flues, and
the wall is surmounted by a semicircular or pointed brick coping V only just
impinging upon the shell of the cylinder E as at W, which coping can be laid in
such a manner as to be easily removable for purposes of inspection. The same
method of setting is applicable to all types of boilers, in addition to the compound
boiler herein before described.
Having now described my several improvements, and the means of carrying the
same into effect I declare that what I claim is :-
Fist: The combination of internally fired high pressure boilers composed of two
or three cylinders A. and E. or A. B. and E. with external flues, so arranged that
the major portion of the cylinders A. B. and E, are exposed to the heated gases,
and expanding continually from the end of the furnace to the damper flue Z as
hereinbefore described.
Second: The combination in the setting of boilers, of the side, flues with segmental
invert terminating at the centre of the cylinders, in division walls surmounted by
semicircular or triangular coping capable of removal for inspection, substantially
as herein before described; the weight of the boiler being supported on cast iron
saddles of such form as not to interfere with the air draught; substantially as
described.
Third: The construction of the crown of the furnace tubes of boilers, so as to rise
and fall again over the bridge in the manner and for the purposes as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof I the said Fountain Livet have hereunto set my hand and
seal this 15th day of February, One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.