" IN EJECTOR NOZZLES FOR AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS FLUIDS AND IN THE MODE OF REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR OR GAS THEREFROM FOR THE DRAWING FORCING OR EXHAUSTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS FLUID.AL SPATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lee Norton of 159 Piccadilly in the County of
Middlesex Engineer and John Sturgeon of 3 Westminster Chambers,
Victoria Street London Civil Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
"
IN EJECTOR NOZZLES FOR AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS FLUIDS AND IN THE MODE
OF REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR OR GAS THEREFROM FOR THE DRAWING
FORCING OR EXHAUSTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS FLUID.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION .left by the said James Lee Norton and
John Sturgeon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July
1882.
JAMES LEE NORTON of 159 Piccadilly in the County of Middlesex Engineer
and JOHN STURGEON of 3 Westminster Chambers Victoria Street, London Civil
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN EJECTOR NOZZLES FOR AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS
FLUIDS AND IN THE MODE OF REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR OR GAS THEREFROM
FOR THE DRAWING FORCING OR EXHAUSTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER
GASEOUS FLUID
"
Our Invention has for its object "Improvements in Ejector Nozzles for air or
other gaseous fluid and in the mode of regulating the flow of air or gas therefrom
for the drawing forcing or exhausting of Atmospheric air or other gaseous fluid.
Ordinarily Nozzles of this description are provided with outside casings or
throats through which the free air or gas is drawn by the Vacuum created by the
jet of compressed air or Gas. In order to dispense with this outer casing or throat
we make the nozzle, and the passage for the compressed air or Gas leading thereto, of
annular form, so as to leave a clear way through the centre for the free air or gas to
pass through. The nozzle thus constructed may be screwed or otherwise fastened
to a tube or pipe through which the free air or gas is drawn. Near the mouth of
the nozzle an adjustable cone may be placed so as to produce any required Con-
traction of the free air orifice. From the mouth of the nozzle tubing may be carried
so as to convey the extracted air or gas to wherever required. Instead of the
annular form of nozzle above described we may arrange a series of nozzles or

page_text: valvular openings around a centre opening, chamber or aperture, so as to produce
substantially the same result.
In applying "Ejector Nozzles" for the purpose of producing an induced current of
air or other gaseous fluid by means of a jet of compressed air or gas, it has been
customary to make the area of the orifice through which the jet of compressed air
or gas is driven adjustable by means of a pencil or a valve regulated by hand to
the required degree of opening This plan however has been found objectionable
inasmuch as the area of the nozzle orifice being fixed the velocity of the air
current passing through it though it varied very much owing to variations in the
volume or pressure of the air or gas supplied thereto. To overcome this difficulty
and keep the velocity of the jet of air or gas as nearly as possible uniforın it has
been proposed to make the Action of the pencil or valve of the nozzle automatic so
that if the volume of compressed air or gas supplied to the nozzle should be too
great the valve may open wider so as to let off the surplus air and prevent the
pressure from rising and consequently the velocity of the jet increasing while on
the other hand should the volume be too little the valve may close in and reduce
the orifice thus under all conditions maintaining the pressure and consequently the
velocity of the issuing air as nearly as possible uniform The objection to this Plan
is that by increasing the opening of the nozzle all the surplus air allowed thereby
to blow through over and above the minimum quantity necessary to produce the
best result is so much air or gas wasted and represents a corresponding amount of
power employed to compress it thrown away or wasted. To obviate these
objections no matter what the form of nozzle may be in place of making the
opening of the ejector orifice automatic we make it adjustable by hand to the extent
calculated to produce the best result and we regulate the pressure of air supplied
tliereto by means of a spring valve or weighted valve applied to the throttle valve
of the engine driving the air or gas compressing engine in such a way that when
the pressure rises above that required for the jet it acts upon the spring or weighted
valve so as to cause it to close the throttle valve and reduce the speed of the
compressing engine or stop it entirely and should the pressure lower the valve
opens wider and increases the speed of the engine. Instead of operating the throttle
valve the spring or weighted valve may be applied to operate the cut off gear of
the Engine so as to produce a like result In cases where the air or gas compressing
engine is used for other purposes requiring a higher pressure than that required for
the jet we apply a reducing valve in connection with the nozzle in such a way as
to maintain a nearly uniform pressure at the nozzle without increasing or diminishing
the area of the orifice in the latter and this application may also be usefully
applied in many other cases as for instance where the air or gas compressing engine
is driven by horse gear or by hand.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Lee Norton and John Sturgeon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th January 1883.
JAMES LEE NORTON of 159 Piccadilly in the County of Middlesex Engineer and
JOHN STURGEON of 3 Westminster Chambers Victoria Street London Civil
Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN EJECTOR NOZZLES FOR AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS
"
FLUIDS AND IN THE MODE OF REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR OR GAS THEREFROM
FOR THE DRAWING FORCING OR EXHAUSTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OR OTHER
GASEOUS FLUID
"1
Our invention has for its object the producing of currents of air or other gaseous
fluids by means of jets so applied as to create a partial vacuum or draft tending to
draw forward the air or gas placed within its influence-and consists firstly in so
forming the jet nozzle as to produce a thin jet of compressed air or gas of unbroken
annular form so as to present a larger circumference to act upon the outer air than
in the ordinary form of such jets (which have heretofore been either concentrated
into a small focus or split into streams) and to enable not only the outer
circumference but also the inner circumference of the issuing jet to exert its
influence on the surrounding air, and secondly consists in improved modes of
controlling and regulating the velocity and force of the air or gas forming the jet
Figs 1 to 5 shew various forms of annular jet nozzles made in accordance with
our invention.
In Figure I. a, a, is the annular passage for the compressed air or gas which is
fed thereto through the pipe b,-c is the tube or passage for the free air or gas, d. d, is
an adjustable portion of the nozzle which can be set by hand by being screwed in
or out until the most advantageous position is reached when it may be fixed by
means of the set screw e-An adjustable cone for contracting the free air orifice
shewn at f on the spindle g the necessary adjustment being effected by means of
the little hand wheel and screw shewn at h, Tubing may be carried from the
branch i so as to convey the extracted air or gas to wherever required
When the nozzle is used for blowing cupolas or furnaces or for drying or
ventilating by driving a current of air into the room or place to be ventilated, the
end k of the free air tube is of course left open and the forced current carried to its
destination by pipes attached to the branch i. In cases where it is not necessary to
convey the extracted air or gas to a distance from the nozzle, as for instance in
many cases of ventilating and in extracting damp air from haystacks and similar
purposes the branch i may be dispensed with, and this end of the nozzle casing may
be left perfectly open as shewn in Figure 2.
In cases where the nozzle is used for exhausting gas or for ventilating by the
exhaustion of vitiated air the free air pipe c is connected by tubing to the chamber
to be exhausted or to the apartment to be ventilated
It will be clear that this annular form of nozzle will give a current of compressed
air or gas of such a form that a cross section of it would be annular or ring shaped
and the nozzle may be so applied as to draw the free air by the influence of the
internal circumference of this ring, cone or tube, shaped current as shewn in
figures 1 and 2-or, the nozzle may be so applied that the action of the ring, cone, or
tube shape current of compressed air or gas will be such as to draw the free air or
gas by the influence of both the external and internal circumferences of the tube
shaped current as shewn in Fig: 3 where the free air can enter externally at a. a and
internally at b-The apparatus illustrated in Fig 3 is only intended to be used

page_text: when a forced current is required to be driven into a room or chamber or for
blowing cupolas and like purposes, the current being driven through the branch c
and conveyed wherever required by pipes-When this arrangement is to be used
for exhausting only it may be made as shewn in Fig: 4-, the pipe a, being put in
communication with the chamber to be exhausted.
Again the nozzle may be so applied as to draw the free air or gas by the
influence of the external circumference only of the ring shaped current-This may
be accomplished by closing the internal passage by the cone or by permanently
closing it with a plug or diaphragm.
The nozzle may also be constructed so as to act by the influence of the externals
circumference only by surrounding it with a casing through which the outer free
air or gas is drawn by the current produced, and in this case the central passage is
dispensed with and the compressed air or gas enters the nozzle from behind and is
guided by a conical plug to the annular passage which forms the jet and which may
be widened or. contracted by adjusting the conical plug or the outer part of the
nozzle as shewn in Fig: 5
In any of these cases the spreading of the current of compressed air or gas into
the form of a ring or tube enables the current to act upon a larger area of the outer
or free air or gas and thus largely increases its efficiency
For creating induced currents on a large scale when owing to the size it would be
inconvenient to apply single annular nozzles such as those described we arrange a
number of separate nozzles by preference in a circular or ring form in the middle
of, or surrounding, the passage, opening, shaft, or other place in which the current
is to be produced-These nozzles may be ordinary jet nozzles, or of a flat form, or
may form arcs of a circle and are so arranged that their combined effect will be to
produce induced currents in a similar manner to those produced on a smaller scale
by a single annular nozzle-The carrying out of this arrangement will be clearly
understood from the above description without further illustrations by a drawing
One mode of carrying out the second part of our invention for automatically
regulating the pressure of the compressed air or gas supplied to the nozzles is
shewn in Fig: 6—a, is a portion of the compressed air pipe leading from the air
compressor to the nozzles,-upon this air pipe is mounted the small cylinder b
containing a piston which works on the weighted lever c-The other arm d of this
lever is connected by means of the rod e with the throttle valve f on the steam pipe
leading to the Engine-Thus when the pressure in the air pipe rises too high the
weighted lever c is raised and the throttle valve is thereby partially closed and the
steam engine is slowed down until the air pressure falls to the proper amount
when the air pressure fails and the contrary action takes place, opening the throttle
valve wider and increasing the speed of the engine
In Figure 7 is shewn another mode of effecting this object-a is the cut off slide
valve of the engine driving the air or gas compressors and this cut-off slide valve is
actuated by the link motion arrangement shewn at b―This link motion is
connected to the small piston working in the cylinder c.-Compressed air or gas is
àdmitted to the lower side of this piston by a pipe d and when the pressure of
the compressed air or gas rises too high it raises this piston and the link motion,
thus causing the steam to be cut off at an earlier portion of the stroke and slowing
down the engine until the normal pressure is again reached-the contrary action of
course taking place when from any cause the pressure falls too low-the proper
action of the small piston may be regulated by a spring in the upper part of the
cylinder
j
Fig: 8 shews on a small scale how these nozzles may be conveniently.applied to
extracting heated air from the interior of baystacks-A small air compressor, a, of
any suitable form, is worked by the horse gear b and the compressed air is carried
by the tubing c. c to any number of nozzles d, d, the free air pipes of which project
into the interior of the haystacks as shewn at e e.
Having thus described our invention and modes of carrying it into effect we

page_text: would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise
arrangements shewn and described, but what we claim is :—
1. The unbroken annular jet orifice in nozzles for producing induced currents
substantially such as shewn and described.
2nd. The arrangement of jet nozzles with annular orifices and central opening
or passage from the free air so as to act upon the latter by the influence of the
interior surface of the issuing jet or the interior surface in combination with the
exterior surface of the jet substantially such as shewn and described
3rd, The arrangement of a series of Jet nozzles in a ring or circle so as to
produce an induced current both outside and inside such ring of nozzles.
4th Regulating the pressure and flow of air or gas from the jets of such
nozzles by means of an automatic speed and pressure governor applied to the main
air or gas compressing engine so as to regulate the speed of such engine in such
a way as to maintain a nearly uniform pressure of the air or gas supplied to the
nozzle.
In witness whereof I the said John Sturgeon on behalf of myself and James
Lee Norton have hereunto set my hand and seal this twentieth day of
January one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JOHN STURGEON. (L.S.)