Improvements in the Manufacture of Stereotype Matrices and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Stereotype Matrices and
Apparatus therefor.
I, GEORGE ARTHUR GOODSON; of Canada, residing at Minneapolis,, county of
Hennepin, State of Minnesota, United States of America, Electrician, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the art of forming matrices or moulds for casting stereotype
plates and has for its object the production of more perfect matrices or moulds by the
successive impression of character dies in the matrix material.
The dies and the mechanism for accomplishing this result are shown in the
accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a top or plan view of my machine with a diagram of the circuits..
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of my machine.
Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of the character board or index plate.
Figure 4 is a sectional view showing construction of slide for the dio alignment
bar.
Figures 5 and 6 are details of the matrix machine carriage.
Figure 7 is a partial transverse sectional view of a portion of the machine showing
constructions of the die depressing devices.
Figure 8 is a partial section similar to figure 7 showing the part slightly enlarged
and in different positions.
Figures 9 and 10 are partial sectional views of modifications.
Figure 11 is a side elevation of a preferred form of die.
Figure 12 is a bottom or underneath view of the same in an inverted position.
Figure 13 is a partial transverse section on line a x figure 12.
Figure 14 is a partial transverse section on line y y figure 12.
Figure 15 is a partial transverse section of a modified form of die.
Figure 16 is a view similar to figure 14 of a modified form of die.
Figures 17 and 18 are sectional views of parts of a matrix plate made by the said
dies.
Figure 19 is a plan of the die carriage and its alignment bar.
Figures 20 and 21 are sections showing details of the ratchet wheel.
The supporting bed plate of the machine is composed of two parts 1 and 2 suitably
shaped to carry the working mechanism the plate 2 being mounted upon and rigidly
secured to plate 1. To one end of this bed plate is attached a character board or
index plate A which for purposes of insulation is made of rubber. In this index plate
are apertures or holes a. All the characters which it is desired to use are represented
on the index plate by an aperture and each aperture may be designated by having the
character represented thereby marked on the plate near it, but whether this is done or
not the plate may for convenience in the description and claims be denominated a
character board. The apertures in the character board are preferably arranged in a
series of concentric hexagons. These apertures are adapted to receive the key or
point of the lever or die alignment bar and may be termed key seats. 4 is, the die
alignment bar or key lever, its front end is provided with the key 5 for entering the
perforations of the character board and its other extremity is enlarged into a disc 6 and
is provided with a series of type dies which are located inversely with respect to the
key seats of the character board. The construction for supporting the dies may be as
shown or of any other preferred form and this will constitute the die carriage. In.
the drawings the end of the lever is shown as having a plate 7 secured thereto a little
distance above the end of the bar or lever, with the dies passing through apertures in
the plate and lever and supported in an elevated position by spiral springs. The end
of the lever is supported upon the plate B having a smooth upper surface and.

page_text: provided at the appropriate point with the aperture 1, the walls of which incline
outwardly from near the bottom of the plate upward.
That part of the bed plate 2 lying directly, under the index plate A is provided
with corresponding coincident holes c¹. In these holes are placed vulcanized rubber
sleeves or bushings and in the bushings are placed the short platinum headed
rods which are held in position with their heads flush against the lower face of
the index plate by the encircling springs c. The lower ends of these rods are connected
with branch wires c which form part of a circuit as hereinafter described.
The relation and construction of the parts is such that when the key 5 is in any
one of the key seats of the character board the corresponding type die will be
immediately above the aperture b and in position to be depressed or forced down-
ward through the same by the die depressing device hereinafter described and
when the key is forced downward into such seat it will contact with rod c³ beneath
the same.
About midway of its length the die alignment bar is pivotally secured to a
pin 8 mounted on a small cross head 9, which is held in a longitudinal slot b¹ in the
forward part of the upper portion of the bed plate as shown.
The front part of the lever is made sufficiently thin to have such a degree of
elasticity as to permit the depression of the key 5 into the key seats of the character
board and the rear portion is also preferably given a like elasticity, so that the weight
of the die carriage will be supported by the plate B and not by the alignment bar, the
bar being of such width as to effect the desired movement of the carriage in all
horizontal directions.
Beneath the plate B is placed a matrix material carriage c consisting of front, rear
and side vertical plates having a heavy central rib c extending from side to side of
the carriage immediately beneath the aperture of the die carriage supporting
plate B.
The sides of the die carriage are offset at c and extend upward to nearly the under-
side of the plate B and constitute guides for the matrix material.
This matrix material carriage extends from one side of the machine to the other and
is guided in its movement from front to rear in any preferred manner. To the rear
side of the matrix material carriage C is attached the rack bar which is provided
on one of its vertical faces with teeth to engage a driving pinion. This rack bar is
supported by the bed plate and extends toward the rear of the same.
The type characters employed and the feed movement correspond to a certain unit
and multiples of that unit, the smallest character being made to occupy a single unit
space, the next in size two units, and the next three units. The feed devices are made
to move the matrix material one, two or three units according to the space required
by the character to be impressed in the matrix material. The electric contact adjacent
to the key seat corresponding thereto on the character or index board is connected
with the magnet which will move the matrix material the proper distance for that
character, so that the characters are in effect classified on the index or character board
according to the space required for cach, although they may not be arranged in regular
groups.
The bed plate of the machine is provided with a cap plate 10, forming a cover for
the die carriage. To the cap plate 10, I secure in any suitable way a support 11 for
a toggle lever 12. The lower end of one end of this lever is pivotally secured to a
plunger 13 and the upper end of the other arm is pivotally secured to a cross rod 14
in the support 11. This cross rod constitutes the base of resistance for the toggle
lever, the lower end being free to move and carrying with it the plunger 13. The
lower end of this plunger passes through a hole in the cap plate 10, directly in line
with the common printing point, and its upper extremity is preferably held in a
suitable guide as 15, fixed to the support 11. The support 11 must be made in such
a manner as to allow the free movement of the toggle lever.
. On some suitable support, as 16 is mounted a constantly running shaft 17 arranged
at: right angles to the vertical plane of the toggle lever movement. To this shaft
is fixed a fly wheel 18 and a driving pulley 19 coupled to a source of motion (not
shown).

page_text: The shaft is kept in constant motion.
On the shaft 17 is also a crank or eccentric (a crank disc being shown) 20. As
shown the support 16 for this crank shaft 24 is a heavy plate secured to the cap
plate 10 and lower part of the standard 11.
Between the crank shaft and the toggle lever, with one end in proximity to the
toggle lever when in its vertical position, is placed a solenoid having a hollow axis.
As shown this is secured to the plate 16 by the standard 22 and the support 11 and an
opening or hole is formed through the standard 22 in line with the axis of the magnet.
Two separate pieces of soft metal 23 and 24 constitute the core and armature of this
solenoid. The armature 24 is comparatively short and its outer end is directly or
indirectly pivotally connected to the toggle lever 12. As shown this connection is
made through a brass section 25 which is connected with the soft metal block 24
at one end and pivotally attached to the toggle lever at the other. The core 23
as shown is comparatively long; and its outer end is connected by the connecting
rod 26 to the crank pin on the crank disc 20. When the crank and the toggle
lever are in their extreme positions, at their farthest distance apart, the inner ends
of the parts 23 and 24 are separated a distance about equal to the throw of the
crank and when the crank has moved around .180 degrees into its nearest position
to the toggle the inner ends of the two parts are either together or in close
proximity. It is necessary, at least, that they should come within the field of each
others attraction, when the crank is nearest to the toggle. It is evident that, if a
current of electricity be passed through the solenoid 21 the parts 23 and 24 will
cling together and be reciprocated by the crank on the shaft 17."
27 is a spring which may be attached at one end to some fixed support, as the
support 11 and the other be made to engage the toggle lever for the purpose of
retracting it to its normal position after a stroke. This spring, however, is not
necessary as the movement imparted to the part 24 by the crank will force the toggle
back to its normal position.
To make sure that the part 24 will be set free and the toggle allowed to return
to its normal or inoperative position after every stroke, the toggle is made to break
its own actuating circuit when it reaches its vertical position by operating a suitable
circuit breaker. A mechanism for the purpose is shown at 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32
of which 28 is a pivotted armature lever having an arm projecting into the path
of the toggle in the proper position to be struck by the same when it reaches its
vertical position; 29 is an clectro magnet on a different circuit in the proper
relative position to draw the armature lever in a direction contrary to the move-
ment imparted by the toggle lever; 30 is a piece of hard rubber or other insu-
lating material secured to the upper end of the armature lever; 3.1 is a contact
strip secured to the outer end of the hard rubber, and 32 is a conductor fixed to
the binding post 33 and having contact with the contact strip 31. The magnet 29
may be supported in any suitable way and in any convenient position. As shown
it is supported from the standard 22 and the end support 34 of the solenoid 21.
It is desirable to have the base of resistance 14 of the toggle lever adjustable to a
limited extent for varying the depth of die impression. I do this by making the holes
or seats in which the rod 14 rests slightly greater in vertical diameter than the
diameter of the rod and providing set screws 35 which will work in screw threaded
seats in the top of the support 11 for varying the points of resistance and I provide
wedges 36 for holding up the rod.
The operation of this mechanism will be clear as soon as the various electric
circuits and their connections have been described.
The three point switch 37 circuit closers 38 and 39 are mounted on and insulated
from the base plate.
It may be noted, in explanation of the figure, that the solid arrow head lines, the
broken arrow head lines and the dotted lines respectively represent different circuits,
the currents in each case passing in the directions of the arrows.
The full arrow head lines represent a local circuit and its branches through the
index plate and the electro magnet S S and S". Of these T T represent the two

page_text: source of electricity (not
through the same to the
connections with the positive and negative poles of a
shown) through the magnet S to the bed plate 1 and
platinum point on the die alignment bar 4, and as many return wires as there are
different classes of type dies, the platinum, points in the respective character seats
on the index plate connecting with one or the other of these return wires:
according to the number of units of space required. In the drawings three return
wires are shown, of which t represents the return wire for the one unit group of
characters and passes directly from the index plate back to the source; ¹ represents
the return wire of the two unit group and leads from the characters to the
magnet S and thence to the source; and t represents the three unit wire leading
from the character board to the magnet S and thence to source.
The dotted lines represent circuits passing through the circuit closers 38 and 39
for operating the feed magnets M' and M". Of these V V₁ represent the two con-
nections with the positive and negative poles of a source of electricity (not shown)
of a branch passing through R¹ to M¹; ¹ is a branch passing through R²
to M2; m m' are their return branches.
The broken arrow lines represent an independent circuit always passing through
the. three point switch 37 and which in the normal position of the switch is closed
through the magnet 29 and the feed magnet M; but which may be closed through
solenoid 21 and the circuit breaking mechanism 28, 31 and 32. Of the wires making
this circuit W is the common outgoing wire from source of electricity (not shown)
to the switch lever R; w is a branch from the contact through the magnet 29 and
the feed magnet M; w¹ the branch from the contact 11 through the solenoid 21 and
the circuit breaking mechanism 28, 31 and 32. W is the branch of the return
wire from magnet M; and W11 is the return branch from the contact 31 on the
.circuit breaker.
The operation is as follows:--
The normal condition of the branch w, W1 of the local circuit W, X is closed at
through the magnets 29 and M, while the normal condition of the branch w¹ W2
through solenoid 21 and the circuit breaking mechanism 28, 31 and 32 is open.
at ri
The normal condition of the local circuit and its branches Tt etc., through the
.character board is open at the contact points on the character board.
The armature N is therefore drawn to its magnet M; and the armature of
armature lever 28 is drawn to its magnet 29 and the contacts 31 and 32 are ;
together.
t
Now, when the local circuit through the magnet S is closed by the selection of a
character on the character board, the branch w, W1 through 29 and M is broken
at the contact 7, setting free the armature of lever 28 and N, and closing the
branch w, W through the solenoid 21 and the circuit breaking mechanism 28, 314
and 32.
The solenoid 21 is therefore magnetized for an instant and the toggle is drawn to
its vertical position, making the stroke on the type die. On reaching its vertical
position the toggle strikes the projecting arm of the armature lever 28 separating
the contacts 31 and 32 and breaking the circuit w¹ W at that point. This circuit 4
then remains open until the local circuit through S is broken by retracting the key
from the character board; the instant that is done, R is retracted by its spring and
the circuit w W is again closed at r, the magnets 29 and M. are magnetized drawing
up the armature of lever 28 and N and through the pawl P and its connections
moving the matrix material along the line a distance of one space unit.
At the same
time that the armature of lever 28 is drawn to its magnet 29 the contacts 31 and 32
are brought together, and the circuit w¹ W through these contacts and the solenoid 21
is in its normal position, open at 111.
The act of selecting the character on the index plate or character board brought
the type die to the common printing point directly under the plunger 13. As stated 5
the matrix carriage is moved forward one unit by the norinally closed branch w W¹,
of the local circuit through the feed magnet M whenever the key is withdrawn from

page_text: the contact or the character board. This occurs, therefore, while the hand is being
moved to select the next character. If the character solected requires more than
one unit of space, the branch through the proper circuit closer will be closed and
another feed magnet will be brought into play moving the matrix material the
requisite additional distance.
The feed magnets as shown are three in number, the magnets M and M.each
throwing its respective pawl through a one unit space, while the magnet M" moves
its pawl two units of space. If, therefore, a two unit character is selected the
branch local circuit T is closed through magnet S₁ which draws the arinature
lever R to contact and closes the circuit em through the feed magnet M'; and in
a similar manner a three unit character closes Tt through S" drawing up R
closing the circuit v' m' through M".
to
Additional feed magnets and circuit closers may be used, if desired; but are
unnecessary as the three sets arranged as herein set forth make a complete system.
It must be understood that the gist of the invention for producing the depression
of the plunger and the die lies in the constantly reciprocating core 23 and the
independent armature 24. A stop and start motion, which is very quick to start
and very quick to stop, is thus obtained. This is something very difficult to obtain.
The power which reciprocates the core 23 is made to do the work of depressing
the die. The magnetic power simply holds the core and armature together. A
comparatively small magnet and comparatively small core and armature may
therefore be used, and the time required to magnetize and demagnetize is corre-
spondingly short. If attempt were made to operate the depressing device solely
by magnetic attraction the magnet and its armature would have to be so large as to
make demagnetization very slow. It would take it too long to let go. By my
:construction contacts cannot be made so fast that the depressing device will not be
actuated and let go after the stroke.
;
Modifications can be readily made in the means of communicating the motion
from the armature 24. For example instead of a toggle lever I may use an
ordinary pivotted lever 38 and have its free end bear against an extended head 39
on the plunger as shown in figure 10, or I may dispense with a lover altogether and
substitute a cam as shown in figure 9, tho cam 40 being operated from the
independent moveable armature 24 through any suitable connection as the rack.41.
The toggle lever 12, the pivotted lever 38 and the cam 40 may be broadly
designated as depressing devices and are so referred to in some of the claims herein
set forth.
[\
Other minor modifications in other features of the construction may be made
without departing from the spirit of my invention.
42 is a tension device, consisting of a set screw and coiled spring which may be
used, if desired, for applying a variable resistance to the circuit breaker 28.
The mechanism, so far described, will bring the type to the common centre, feed
the matrix material along the line and make the stroke.
The lateral movement to effect the spacing between the lines is secured by the
mechanism shown in figures 5 and 6. A pair of rollers 43 are supported on the left
side of the matrix carriage one directly over the other, so that the top of the lower
roller shall be on the same level as the surface which supports the matrix material.
The rear ends of these rollers are provided with inter-meshing gear wheels 44 and
the upper roller is provided with a ratchet wheel 45 on its forward end. A bracket 46
projects outwardly from the side plate of the matrix carriage, and to the vertical arm
of the same is pivotted a pawl lever 47 which carries on its inner extremity a.
spring pawl 48 for engagement with the ratchet wheel 45. To the top of the pawl
lever is attached a finger disc or key 49, within easy reach of the operator. A
resistance spring 50 is fastened to the horizontal arm of the bracket and presses up-
ward against the pawl lever, serving to hold the pawl out of engagement with the
ratchet wheel. Under the free end of the pawl lever is placed an adjustable, stop
.consisting of a vertical post 51 attached to the horizontal arm of the bracket, screw
threaded on its upper extremity and provided with the screw threaded hand.nut.52.

page_text: By adjusting this hand nut the throw of the pawl may be made longer or shorter
and the spacing between the lines be varied, at will. To insure accuracy a graduated
scale may be attached or marked on the post.
At a suitable point in the bed plate is fixed a vertical post E and on this post is
placed a loose sleeve e provided with the pinion or gear teeth on its periphery at 21.
This pinion e¹ engaged with the rack C.
On the sleeve e is fixed a cylinder shaped spring case F which is provided with
teeth, constituting ratchet f on the upper two thirds of its periphery. This spring
case is fastened to and turn with the sleeve e and may be moved vertically thereon
for a limited distance. A pin g through the post E prevents any vertical movement
of the sleeve and pinion and limits the vertical adjustment of the spring case.
Over the top part of the post F fits a cap sleeve G, passing through a hole in the
cap plate of the spring case. This cap sleeve has a free vertical movement on the
post but is prevented from returning thereon by a vertical feather g¹. This cap
sleeve rests on the cap plate of the spring case by the annular flange g² and is secured
to the same in any suitable way so that the cap plate may be free to turn on the
sleeve but so that when the sleeve is raised or lowered the cap plate and entire
spring case will be raised or lowered with it. As shown it is held by the spring in
the case.
In the case F is a coiled flat spring H which at one end is attached to the vertical
wall of the case and at the other end is attached to the sleeve G.
It is evident that this spring will be wound up by turning the case from left to
right, and that the spring will turn the case and pinion in the opposite direction when
set free.
A lever I is fulcrummed to a post I fixed on the base plate. One end of this lever
is provided with a hook, which engages a loop or link in the end of the cap sleeve G
and the other end is provided with a finger disc or handle i.
By pressing down on the handle i the spring case may be raised from the position
shown in figure 21 to that shown in figure 20 and the ratchet on the periphery of
the case will be thrown out of gear with the pawls, and the case and pinion will be
rapidly turned in the opposite direction by the spring H.
During this movement of unwinding or retraction of the carriage, the pawls rest
-against the smooth part of the periphery of the spring case. The smooth part is of a
larger diameter and connects with ratchet part by an inclined or cam surface thus
preventing the pawls from catching under the ends of the teeth when the case is
lowered.
M MM² are a series of independent magnets. N N N their respective armature
levers, pp p² their respective pawls; p³ the locking pawl and the lever I for lifting
the ratchet cylinder out of engagement with the pawls. The armature levers N Ni
move through like distances and the armature lever N through a distance double
those of the other two. A series of pawl stops n, n, n consisting of sinall posts fixed
in the bed plate are added for an especial purpose. Inasmuch as the attraction power
of an electric magnet is greatly increased as the armature approaches the magnet
it is found that the pawls would be given such an acceleration of motion near the
end of their travel as to give the ratchet cylinder a degree of momentum which
would carry it forward beyond the point to which it would otherwise be moved by
the pawl carrying the matrix material carriage with it and effecting an improper
spacing of the impressions on the matrix material. The stops enable me to avoid
this as the pawls coming in contact therewith are made to lock the cylinder from
further movement.
In the practical working of matrix making machines much difficulty has here-
tofore been experienced from the fact that after the impression of a letter has been
made, in making the impression of another adjacent letter, the die in passing down
into the matrix material and displacing the necessary amount of material to form
a new impression crowds the material between the two impressions towards that
previously formed partially filling and closing the same, rendering the same matrix
imperfect and leaving it in such a condition that it is difficult or impossible to

page_text: secure perfect plates therefrom. The evil of course continues throughout the line
so that all the impressions are more or less imperfect except the last one of each
line.
By my improved construction of die this difficulty is avoided. This I accomplish
in the following manner,-the die is composed of a main body or shank, from which
extends the character forming portion which consists of a stem, the outer face of
which has the exact configuration of the letter or character. The stem or that portion.
which enters and passes into the matrix material when an impression is made therein
on the left hand side of that adjacent to the last formed character is, throughout its
whole extent substantially parallel to the direction of impact, or inclines from the face
towards the main body of the die to the right or away from the last formed character.
The opposite or right hand side of this stem is inclined from the face toward the main.
body outwardly. This conformation is designed to effect a downward and forward
compression of the matrix material at the forward side of the impression. In.
carrying out this principle of my invention of preventing later impressions from
crowding and distorting earlier made impressions I may prevent those of one line-
from injuriously affecting those of a preceding line by giving to the bottom
or lower side or cut of the character forming a portion of the die a like outward
inclination, and for the purposes of this application I use the expression" forward
side" to denote the right side or bottom of the die or both, being that side or sides
opposite to the impressions previously formed.
In the drawings J designates a full length die of the form employed by me in my
matrix machine. The upper part of this die is composed of an enlarged square.
guiding portion. Below this is a cylindrical portion or shank from the lower end
of which projects the stem or impression forming portion k.
The die in figure 11 is shown as in the position giving a view of the bottom or foot
of the letter. From this figure and from figure 13 it will be seen that the stem or
impression forming portion of the die has its right side inclined outwardly from the.
face towards the body of the die and that the other sides of the said stem are straight.
or vertical. This is shown in the transverse sectional view in figure 13.
The right
side of the stem of every portion of a letter is made inclined as just described and all
the other sides of the letter are made with straight or vertical sides. The effect of
this construction is that when impressed singly in the matrix material, as shown in
figure 17, the right hand wall of the impression for each letter is inclined, so that in
casting a plate therefrom the plate is easily removed from the matrix and without,
injury thereto. In forming the matrices for words it will also be seen, that on making
the impression for the second and other succeeding letters the straight side of the die
is adjacent to the impression preceding it, so that little or no crowding of the material
towards the previously forined impression takes place. It will be further seen that
should there be any crowding of the material towards the previously formed
impression the result will be to force the right wall of such impression more nearly
into a vertical line or position. It is found in actual practice that the crowding is
never sufficient to make the wall quite vertical or distort the previously formed
impression and the matrix is left with the right wall of each impression more or less
inclined, sufficient at least in casting to permit of the easy and ready separation of
the metal plate from the matrix bed..
In order to secure the least possible crowding of the matrix material back upon the
previously formed impression I sometimes form the side of the stem or impression
forming portion of the die which is nearest the preceding impression inclined
inwardly from the face towards the body of the die, or in the same direction as the
opposing side as shown at in figure 15. In this construction the crowding action
of the die is limited to the lower edge of the stem and such crowding is therefore
reduced to a minimum. The right and left sides may be inclined at the same or
different angles to the axis of the die as preferred.
In order to prevent the formation of a new line of impressions from interfering
with the line previously formed, or to prevent any crowding of the material between,
the new line of impressions and the one just preceding it I may make the stem of

page_text: each of the dies with the bottom or foot inclined the same as the right sides, that
is outwardly from the face toward the shank or main body. This construction is..
shown in figures 12, 14 and 16 and in. figure. 16 is shown a longitudinal section
of a construction in which the top of the stem is inclined in the same manner as
the side ¹.
In figure 17 is shown a section of a matrix for a single letter having the right or
forward side inclining outwardly from the bottom to the top.
In figure 18 a like section is shown, in which the right or forward side of the
matrix is of the same construction while the bottom is similarly inclined.
By my improved constructions I am able to make matrix plates free from the
imperfections above referred to and to form type plates for printing superior to.
stereotype plates made from masses of type.
It will be understood that the form of the shank or main body portion of the type
is immaterial and may be of any preferred style of construction.
For the matrix body any material that will best serve the purpose may be employed.
Card-board 1 have found to give excellent results and I have also obtained good
results from sections of wood cut across the fibre or grain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. The combination with a solenoid of a constantly reciprocating magnetic core
and an independent moveable armature within the magnetic field of said core and
a circuit controller in the electric circuit of said solenoid, substantially as
described.
2. The combination with a solenoid and a magnetic core movable therein of a
source of motion to which said core is coupled an independent movable armature
within the magnetic field of said core and a circuit controller in the electric circuit of
said solenoid, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with a constantly running crank-shaft, of a solenoid having
a movable magnetic core, a connecting rod from the crank on said shaft to said
core, an independent movable armature within the field of said core and means
for making and breaking an electric circuit through said solenoid, substantially as
described.
4. The combination with a solenoid having a constantly reciprocating core coupled
to a source of motion, of an independent movable armature within the magnetic field
of said core, means for making and breaking an electric circuit through said solenoid,
a depressing device and a connection from said independent moyable armature to said
depressing device, substantially as described.
5. The combination with a solenoid having a constantly reciprocating core coupled
to a source of motion, of an independent movable armature within the magnetic field
of said core means for making and breaking an electric circuit through said solenoid,
a plunger mounted in a suitable guide, a depressing device for actuating said plunger
and a connection from said depressing device to said independent movable armature,
substantially as described.
6. The combination with a toggle lever having one end secured to a base of
résistance and the other end free to move in a definite path, of a solenoid having a
constantly reciprocating core coupled to a source of motion, an independent movable
armature secured to said toggle, and means for making and breaking an electric
circuit through said magnet, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a solenoid having a constantly reciprocating core coupled
to a source of motion, of an independent movable armature within the magnetic
field of said core, means for closing an electric circuit through said solenoid and
an automatic circuit breaker in said solenoid circuit, substantially as described.
8. The combination with a solenoid having a constantly reciprocating core coupled
to a source of motion, of an independent movable armature within the magnetic field
of said core, means for closing an electric circuit through said solenoid and a circuit

page_text: breaker in said solenoid circuit operated by motion communicated from said
independent movable armature, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a plunger mounted in a suitable guide, of a toggle lever
having one end secured to a base of resistance and the other to said plunger, an
armature secured to said toggle lever, a solenoid, a movable core within said solenoid,
a constantly running crank-shaft, a connecting rod from the crank on said shaft to
said movable core, means for closing an electric circuit through said solenoid and a
circuit breaker in said solenoid circuit operated by said toggle lever, substantially as
described.
10. In a matrix making machine the combination with the dies of a solenoid, a
constantly reciprocating core within the same, a movable armature within the magnet
field of said core and adapted to depress one of said dies when attracted by the
reciprocating core, and means for making and breaking the circuit of said solenoid,
as set forth.
11. In a matrix making machine the combination with the dies of a solenoid, a
constantly reciprocating core within the same, a toggle lever provided with an
armature within the magnetic field of the reciprocating core and adapted to depress
one of said dies when operated by the attraction of the core, and a circuit controller
in the circuit of the solenoid, as described.
12. The combination with a matrix material carriage of a die depressing device, a die
carriage for aligning type dies under said depressing device, a solenoid having a con-
stantly reciprocating core coupled to a source of motion, an independent movable
armature within the field of said core and connected to said die depressing device and
means for making and breaking an electric circuit through said solenoid, substantially
as described.
13. The combination with a matrix material carriage of a plunger mounted in a
suitable guide, a die carriage intermediate of said carriage and plunger, a toggle
lever having one end secured to a base of resistance and the other to said plunger, a
solenoid having a movable core, an independent movable armature within the field of
said core and attached to said toggle lever a constantly running shaft, a connecting
rod from the crank on said shaft to said core, means for closing an electric circuit
through said solenoid, and a circuit breaker in said solenoid circuit operated by said
toggle lever, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a matrix material carriage, of electro magnetically>
controlled feeding devices for the same a die carriage, an electro magnetically con-
trolled die depressing device, electric connections for said feeding devices including
a circuit having one branch normally closed through one of said feeding devices and
another branch normally open through the solenoid of the die depressing device, and a
switch for shifting the current from the feeding magnet to that of the depressing
device, substantially as described.
15. The combination with a matrix material carriage of electro magnetically
controlled feeding devices for the same, an electro magnet die depressing device,
electric connections for said feeding devices including a circuit having one branch
normally closed through one of said feeding devices and another branch normally
open through the solenoid of the die depressing device, an electric switch for shifting
the current from the feeding magnet to that of the die depressing device and a circuit
controller for making and breaking an electric circuit through said switch, substantially
as described.
16. The combination with a matrix material carriage, of electro magnetic feeding de-
vices for the same, an electro magnetic die depressing device including a circuit having
one branch normally closed through one of said feeding devices and another branch
normally open through said electro magnetic die depressing device an electric switch
for shifting the current from the feeding device to the die depressing device, a bar
provided at one end with a die carriage and at the other end with a hand key having
a contact point, an index plate having key seats corresponding to said type dies and
having contact points adjacent thereto and an electric circuit normally open through
said switch and the contact points on said index plate, substantially as described.
B

page_text: 17. The combination with a matrix material carriage, of electro magnetic feeding
devices for the same, a die carriage, an electro magnetic die depressing device, an
electric circuit having one branch normally closed through one of said feeding
devices, and another branch normally open through said die depressing device, an
electric switch for shifting the current from one branch to the other, a circuit
controller for making and breaking an electric circuit through said switch, a circuit
breaker in said normally open branch operated by said die depressing device and an
electric circuit closer on said normally closed branch operating to restore said circuit
breaker to its normal position, substantially as described.
18. The combination with a matrix material carriage of a character board repre-
senting a series of characters, the said characters being classified on said board into
groups according to the space required for each character, feeding devices con-
sisting of two or more electric motors, each adapted to move said carriage a certain
distance in the same direction, an electric die depressing device, different electric
connections from each group of characters to the corresponding feeding device, an
electric connection for said die depressing device, the said connections for the feeding
device being provided with one or more circuit controllers, and a circuit controller
for the connections of the die depressing device, substantially as described.
19. In feeding devices for matrix making machines, a cylinder movable length-
wise of its supporting shaft and having on its periphery a series of ratchet teeth, the
outer tips of which extend to the periphery of the cylinder, the larger faces of said
ratchet teeth being connected with the smooth portion of the cylinder by inclines, and
an actuating pawl engaging said ratchet teeth when in one extreme of movement,
substantially as described.
2. The combination with a matrix material carriage, provided with a rack, of a
pinion engaging said rack having a hub extending on one side of the same, a cap
sleeve mounted on the axis of the pinion, movable lengthwise of the same, a
cylinder having ratchet teeth and a smooth peripheral portion adjacent to its ratchet
teeth mounted on said extending hub and said sleeve, and an actuating pawl
engaging said ratchet, substantially as described.
21. The combination with a matrix material carriage, provided with a rack, of a
pinion engaging said rack, having a hub extending on one side of the same, a cap
sleeve mounted on the axis of the pinion and movable lengthwise of the same, a
cylinder having a smooth peripheral portion adjacent to its ratchet teeth mounted on
said extended lub and said sleeve, an actuating pawl engaging said ratchet teeth and
a band spring attached at one end to said cap sleeve and at the other to the interior of
the cylinder, substantially as described.
22. The herein described character die for matrix making, the stem of which
inclines outwardly from its face, on the forward side only.
23. The herein described character die for matrix making composed of a main or
guiding shank and a stem, the face of which is the form of a given character and
which inclines outwardly from its face on the right or forward side only.
24. The herein described character die for matrix making having the right side
inclined from the face outward towards the body of the die and the opposite side
inclined inwardly.
25. The herein described character die for matrix making, the stem of which in-
clines outwardly on its lower and right or forward sides only from its face towards the
main body of the dic.
26. The herein described letter of type die having the bottom and right side
inclining outwardly from the face toward the body of the die and the top and
opposing side inclining inwardly.
27. The process of forming matrices for stereotype plates which consists in form-
ing the impressions in the matrix successively by dies, and forcing or crowding the
material of the matrix adjacent to each impression forward or toward succeeding
impressions to a greater degree than in other lateral directions, substantially as
described.

page_text: 28. The process of forming matrices for stereotype plates which consists in form-
ing the impressions in the same successively by dies and inclining the walls of each
impression in the direction of succeeding impressions by applying thereto a greater
degree of pressure or crowding force than to the other walls of the impressions
as set forth.
29. A matrix for stereotype plates having the forward wall of the last impression
of each word or line inclined outwardly from the bottom upward, and the opposite
wall of the first impression straight or vertical, substantially as described.
30. A matrix for stereotype plates having the forward wall of the last impression
of a line or word inclined outwardly from the bottom to the top and the opposite walls
of all of the impressions, substantially straight or vertical as specified.
31. A matrix for stereotype plates having the forward side wall of the last
impression of each word or line and the forward end walls of the last line of
impressions inclined outwardly from the bottom upward and the opposite side and
end walls of all the impressions substantially straight or vertical, substantially as
described.
Dated the 5th dox of Novemben 1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.