Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 15th Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1888
ALEXANDER WILKINSON, Civil Engineer, of 36, Elliott Road, Chiswick,
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The first part of this invention is carried into effect as follows, that is to say, I take
one hundred weight (1 cwt.) of any suitable vegetable fibre that may be requisite and
submerge it in a tank containing about two hundred and fifty gallons (250 gallons) of
hot, or it may be cold water and then add about five pounds (5 lbs.) in weight of
chloride of lime which previously has been reduced by the action of boiling water to
a liquid, this mass is thrown into a tank with about three pounds (3 lbs.) of sulphuric
acid or hydro-chloric acid and in a short time, say about 12 hours, the gummy or .
vegetable matter contained in the fibre will be loosened and will discharge itself into
the said liquor.
After this process is effected the fibre is removed to an ordinary close boiler and
boiled to any suitable pressure, said pressure depending upon the nature of the fibre
under operation. In hot or cold water, a liquid caustic soda, or soda ash may
be used.
Another part of my invention is the employment of spent chlorine liquid, or what
is commonly called liquid chloride of lime, at a paper mill. I take about two hundred
and fifty gallons (250 gallons) of this chlorine liquid and place it in a close boiler with
about eighty pounds (80 lbs.) of crystal soda or caustic if requisite to which I add
about fourteen pounds (14 lbs.) in weight of hydro-chloric, or sulphuric acid; this
mass is allowed to graduate at a temperature of about seventy five degrees Fahrenheit,
until the whole is thoroughly dissolved. The fibre or fibres is then placed in the boiler
and boiled to any suitable pressure, say, from six to eight hours, the liquid is then
drawn off or filtered through any suitable sieve, so that any pulp or fibre escaping
with the liquid may be kept back and the liquor after being filtered is placed in tanks
or reservoirs to be served up again when boiling fresh fibres.
If by exposure of the liquor it should become weak it may be strengthened with
about seven per cent. (7 %) of the first mentioned, chlorine liquid or a made chlorine
liquid.

page_text: The fibre thus treated is removed and washed in hot or cold water, after this
washing the fibre is again boiled in another liquor, prepared as first mentioned,
chlorine liquid from six to eight hours the temperature of the boiling depending on
the nature of the fibre so treated.
The boiler is then allowed to cool and the liquid is drawn off through filters and
reserved for another boiling operation.
The fibre is then removed from the boiler and again washed and is placed in a tank
containing about five hundred gallons of hot or cold water and twenty eight pounds
of sulphuric or hydro-chloric acid and it remains there from two to three hours in
order that any grease or stains that might be left in the boiling may be removed.
Fibres thus prepared are bleached as follows:-To one hundred weight of the fibre
I use seven pounds in weight of sulphite of barium or sulphate of barium and dissolve
it in seven pounds of sulphuric or hydro-chloric acid, this mixture is allowed to remain
in a tank from six to eight hours when about four pounds of bisulphide of lime or
magnesia may be added together with one pound of sodium-hypochlorite and about
five hundred gallons of cold water. The fibre is immersed in the liquid and I find a
great assistance in this bleaching operation, when chlorine, or what is known as
chloride of lime is being used, or the chemicals referred to in my former Patent
Application No. 84938 (paper pulp) this process being effected the fibre or pulp is
then treated according to my former mentioned Patent and a brilliant pearl white
speedily produced.
For weighting or loading the pulp before being run onto the wires of the paper
making machine I mix seven pounds of rice (spent or other) and boil it to a pulp and
mix the pulp with a solution of animal or fish size of any given strength or
consistency and amalgamated with china clay or pyrites, such as is usually employed
for stiffening or glazing of expensive papers. A little starch and borax may be added
to produce a brilliant glaze upon the surface of the paper while passing through the
rollers or over the hot cylinders of the machine.
Dated this 15th day of March 1887
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said A. Wilkinson.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
The Treatment of Fibres for Pulp and the Manufacture of Paper
therefrom.
I, ALEXANDER WILKINSON, of 36 Elliott Road, Chiswick, Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
The first part of this invention is carried into effect as follows, that is to say, I take
one hundred weight (1 cwt.) of any suitable vegetable fibre that may be requisite and
submerge in a tank containing about two hundred and fifty gallons (250 gals.) of
hot, or it may be cold water and then add about five pounds (5 lbs.) in weight of
chloride of lime which previously has been reduced by the action of hot or cold water
to a liquid, this mass is thrown into a tank with about three pounds (3 lbs.) of
sulphuric acid or hydro-chloric acid and in a short time, say, about twelve hours the
gummy or vegetable matter contained in the fibre will be loosened and will discharge
itself into the said liquor.
After this process is effected, the fibre is removed to an ordinary close boiler and
boiled to any suitable pressure, said pressure depending upon the nature of the fibre
under operation.
I prefer to boil the fibres thus treated in a vessel containing spent chlorine liquid
or what is commonly called liquid chloride of lime at a paper Mill. For this purpose
I take about two hundred and fifty gallons (250 gals.) of this chlorine liquid and place
it in a close boiler with about eighty pounds (80 lbs.) of crystal soda or caustic, to
which, if requisite, I add about fourteen pounds (14 lbs.) in weight of hydro-chloric or
sulphuric acid, this mass is allowed to graduate at a temperature of about seventy
five degrees Fah. until the whole is thoroughly dissolved. The fibre (or fibres) is
then placed in the boiler and boiled to any suitable pressure, say, from six to eight
hours, the liquid is then drawn off or filtered through any suitable sieve so that any
pulp or fibre escaping with the liquid may be kept back and the liquor after being
filtered is placed in tanks or reservoirs to be served up again when boiling fresh
fibres. If by exposure of the liquor it should become weak it may be strengthened
with about seven per cent. (7%) of the first mentioned chlorine liquid or a made
chlorine liquid.
The fibre after being boiled as aforesaid is removed and washed in hot or cold
water, after this washing the fibre is again boiled in another liquor prepared as first
mentioned (chlorine liquid) from six to eight hours, the temperature of the boiling
depending on the nature of the fibre so treated. The boiler is then allowed to cool
and the liquid is drawn off through filters and reserved for another boiling operation.
The fibre is then removed from the boiler and again washed and is placed in a tank
containing about five hundred gallons of hot or cold water and twenty eight pounds
of sulphuric or hydro-chloric acid and it remains there from two to three hours in
order that any grease or stains that might be left in the boiling may be removed.

page_text: Fibres thus prepared are bleached as follows:-To one hundred weight of the fibre
I use seven pounds in weight of Sulphide of Barium or Sulplate of Barium and
dissolve it in seven pounds of Sulphuric or hydro-chloric acid, this mixture is allowed
to remain in a tank for, from six to eight hours when about four pounds of bi-sulphide
of lime or magnesia may be added together with one pound of sodium-hypochlorite
and about five hundred gallons of cold water. The fibre is immersed in the liquid
and I find a great assistance in this bleaching operation, when chlorine or what
is known as chloride of lime is being used or the chemicals referred to in my former
Patent Application No. 84938 (Paper Pulp): this process being effected, the fibre or
pulp is then treated according to my former mentioned Patent and a brilliant pearl
white speedily produced.
When Esparto grass, straw, and coarse or hard fibres have to be treated for the
purposes of my invention, I take as a preliminary to the above described process one
hundred weight (1 cwt.) of grey lime commonly called quick lime and place it
in a tank containing about one thousand gallons of cold water, I then add to the
tank about one hundred weight (1 cwt.) of common crystal washing soda, and
about twenty eight pounds (28 lbs.) of sulphuric acid or hydro-chloric acid commonly
known as spirits of salts, this mass is heated and kept at about one hundred and
twenty degrees Fah. and well stirred together till the mass becomes broken down,
when it is allowed to settle and the clear liquid may be readily drawn off, when
it will be found fit for the boiling of Esparto grass, straw, and the like, which is
well known in paper making, this liquid will be found when used superior to
caustic soda, soda ash, or the like now used in the boiling of fibres for the production
of paper pulp.
I am able by this process and my former Patent No. 849386 to produce paper
pulp of a much finer quality in less time with greater economy than is now done
by the existing processes of producing pulp.
For weighting or loading the pulp before being run onto the wires of the paper
making machine, I mix seven pounds of rice (spent or other) and boil it to a
pulp and mix the pulp with a solution of animal or fish size of any given strength
or consistency and amalgamated with china clay or baryta such as is usually employed
for stiffening or glazing of expensive papers. A little starch and borax may be
added to produce a brilliant glaze upon the surface of the paper while passing through
the rollers or over the hot cylinders of the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is
The method or methods and ingredients hereinbefore referred to for treating fibres
as set forth for the manufacture of pulp for paper.
The 15th day of December 1887.