Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Refractory Bodies for Use in Gas and other Burners.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 28th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Refractory
Bodies for Use in Gas and other Burners.
I, OTTO KROLL, of Willibald-Alexisstrasse, 33, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
With the refractory bodies hitherto used in incandescence burners or mantles
and formed by the impregnation of a suitable base with a solution of rare earths
or salts or other mixtures, the disadvantage has always manifested itself that the
luminous powers of the said bodies deteriorate rapidly after a short time, which in
most cases results from the shrinking together and scaling of the body.
These bodies have hitherto lacked the power of retention of form, which in
respect of shape and brilliancy of light, would enable them to supply the greatest
demands made upon them.
This present invention has for its object to create a refractory body which may
overcome the disadvantage referred to, and possess a degree of stability never
before attained. Further, by this invention zircon and magnesia for instance
which in comparison emit only little light, can be applied to the new body in
extremely thin layers, whereby this light-material attains to such light effects as
can usually only be attained by the use of a molecular mixture of the well-known,
very rare, and costly earth.
This effect is obtained because the refractory bodies made according to my
invention offer a very fine porous framework, which by its rough fibrous surface is
able to send forth more rays of light than any of the commonly-known smooth
bodies.
The material formerly applied to the manufacture of the carcase or frame, such
as zircon, argillaceous earth, salts or the earth-metals, serves in my process, but
not as previously, exclusively for the construction of the body, but by the finest
conceivable subdivision to create a better light-emitting surface upon my new
carcass or frame.
+
I attain this hitherto unattainable
et with the following chemical compound ·
attaru STORIC
20% chlorate of potash K, Cl.
40% nitrate of baryta (BaO, NO)
40% carbonate of baryta (BaO, CO₂).
These materials are, together or separately brought into solution, most
conveniently by nitric or muriatic acid, and then evaporated till dry. The residue
of the now intimately-mixed substances is then, most suitably in blast-ovens,
retorts, crucibles, or other refractory and fire-proof utensils, exposed for days
together to an extreme white heat (all air being throughout excluded), and is
finally used for impregnating woven fabrics fibrous and filamentous matters, and
other the like stuffs and material.
To the mixture named may be at once added the refractory and light-emitting
materials, only in much smaller quantities than hitherto; or the tissue, after
impregnation with my new mixture and subsequent drying, may for the second
time be covered with a weak solution of the above named substances.

page_text: A great advantage will be obtained by my invention, viz. that the hitherto
known rare earths will either cease to be required, or at any rate the cessation of
the supply of these even now very sparsely available earths will be considerably
deferred.
The mixture above specified is of course, in principle, part of my new process;
nevertheless there are different results to be obtained by the addition of other
alkalies which need not here receive more than this passing reference.
Dated this 7th day of February 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
צעות
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Refractory
Bodies for Use in Gas and other Burners.
I, OTTO KROLL of Willibald-Alexisstrasse, 33, Berlin in the Empire of
Gerinary, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
With the refractory bodies hitherto used in incandescence burners or mantles
and formed by the impregnation of a suitable base with a solution of rare
earths or salts or other mixtures, the disadvantage has always manifested itself
that the luminous powers of the said bodies deteriorate rapidly after a short
time, which in most cases results from the shrinking together and scaling of
the body.
These bodies have hitherto lacked the power of retention of form and of the
properties of a fire-proof frame or carcass, offering complete resistance to the
destructive action of incandescent heat. This present invention has for its object
to create a refractory body which may overcome the disadvantage referred to,
and possess a degree of stability never before attained. Further, by this inven-
tion zircon and magnesia for instance, which in comparison einit only little
light can be applied to the new body in extremely thin layers, whereby this
incandescent material attains to such luminous effects as can usually only be
attained by the use of a molecular mixture of the well-known, very rare, and
costly earths.
This effect is obtained because the refractory bodies made according to my
invention offer a very fine porous framework, which by its rough fibrous surface
is able to send forth more rays of light than any of the commonly-known smooth
bodies.
The material formerly applied to the manufacture of the skeleton or frame,
such as zircon, argillaceous earth, salts or the earth-metals, serves in my process, not
as previously, exclusively for the construction of the body, but by impregnation
or as a simple coating, in the finest conceivable state of subdivision, to cover a
fire-proof framework of durable, even permanent, form, and is converted into a
highly luminous material by incandescent heat.
The new fire-proof and stable body retains its original form uninjured after
more than 1,000 hours work in incandescence lighting.
I attain this hitherto unattainable effect with the following chemical compound.
20% chlorate of potash K.Cl.
°
40% nitrate of baryta Ba(NO3)2
40% carbonate of baryta BaCO,

page_text: the now intimately-mixed substances is then, most suitably, in blast-ovens, retorts,
crucibles, or other refractory and fire-proof utensils, exposed for a long time to an
extreme white heat (all air being throughout excluded) and is finally mixed with
dilute sulphuric acid to a thin milky fluid and used for impregnating woven fabrics
fibrous and filamentous matters, and other the like stuffs and material.
To the above-named mixture, either combinations of calcium, inagnesium, strontium,
zinc. alun, aluminium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, dydymium, thorium,
and any other appropriate and suitable material, as before, may at once be added,
or the tissue, after impregnation with my new mixture and subsequent drying,
may for the second time be covered with a weak solution of the above named
substances.
A great advantage will be obtained by my invention, viz. that the hitherto
known rare earths can and need only be used in very small quantities and therefore
will either cease altogether to be required, or at any rate the cessation of the
supply of these even now very sparsely available and costly earths will be
considerably deferred.
The best and most advantageous mixture above specified is of course, in principle,
part of my new process; nevertheless there are different results to be obtained
by the addition of other alkalies which need not here receive more than this passing
reference.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven.
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A process for the manufacture of a stable or form-preserving and fire-proof
incandescence-body for the purposes of incandescence lighting characterised by the
impregnation of combustible tissues, threads or basket or trellis-like bodies with a
mixture of chlorate of potash and the nitrate and carbonate of baryta which
materials after their solution in preferably nitric or muriatic acid, is raised to a
white or glowing heat and then by the aid of sulphuric acid again converted into a
inilky impregnation-mixture.
2. In the process described in Claim 1 the employment of the materials
specified in that claim either individually or collectively.
3. In the process described in Claim 1 the addition to the materials named in
that claim of calcium, magnesium, strontium, zinc, alum, aluminium, zirconium,
lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, dydymium, thorium, and other suitable and
appropriate fireproof and light-emitting material either during or
impregnation.
Dated this 28th day of October 1895.
after
ར་
BOULI & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.