AN IMPROVED WASHING AND CHURNING MACHINE
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johnson Kitchen, of Clayton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
WASHING AND CHURNING MACHINE."
Sealed the 21st September 1875, and dated the 23rd March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johnson Kitchen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1875.
I, JOHNSON KITCHEN, of Clayton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED WASHING AND CHURNING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
I form a tub or cistern of zinc or galvanised iron. For washing I
prefer to place the said tub horizontally, and to form it with an aperture
in the part laying uppermost. The inside of the tub follows as near as
possible the circular form so as to be as close as possible to, but without
touching, the periphery of a circular drum or cylinder which is made to
revolve in the inside of the said tub. The periphery of the said drum or
cylinder is formed of perforated zinc, and has an aperture in it covered.
by a door which may be removed at pleasure. Staves are placed at.

page_text: intervals on the inside of the periphery of the said drum or cylinder,
and in the axis or centre of the cylinder is a fluted roller, which may
either remain stationary, revolve with the cylinder, or revolve in a
contrary direction. If I wish the fluted roller to revolve in a contrary
direction to the cylinder I attach an internal wheel on one end of the
cylinder and a much smaller spur wheel on the same end of the fluted
roller, an intermediate wheel works into the internal wheel and also into
the spur wheel, and by communicating motion to both turns the cylinder
and fluted roller in contrary directions. The clothes to be washed are
placed in the cylinder before named along with the necessary water;
motion is then given to the cylinder, and if preferred to the fluted roller
also. The rubbing of the clothes on the staves of the cylinder and
flutes of the roller, as also the constant current of water through the
clothes effects the washing of them. By making the sides of the tub
as close as possible to, and following the circle of the cylinder, and by
covering the cylinder with zinc I have the smallest possible waste space
to be filled up with water; consequently scarcely any more water need
be used than is absolutely required for washing the clothes.
For churning I prefer to place the tub, cylinder, and fluted roller
upright, and I dispense with the perforated zinc covering on the cylinder,
leaving only the staves. The fluted roller is either fluted very deeply or
blades are fixed on its circumference, and the said blades may either run
parallel with the axis of the roller, like the flutes, or run at right angles
to the axis. If the latter mode is adopted I fix other blades on the
cylinder staves to work between those on the roller. The roller and
cylinder run in contrary directions, as described for washing, and by
means of the gearing described for the same. The milk to be churned
is poured into the tub and the cylinder and roller are made to revolve so
as to give the necessary agitation to the milk.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Johnson Kitchen in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st September 1875.

page_text: the washing of them. The lower portion of the tub A is made to follow
as near as possible the form of the periphery of the cylinder, and is made
to be as close as possible to, but without touching the same. This is
done in order to economize water space, so that scarcely any more water
need be used than is absolutely required in the cylinder for washing.
D is an aperture in the said tub to enable the operative to get to the
contents of the cylinder, and E is an aperture in the said cylinder for
the same purpose, both of which said apertures may be covered by
movable doors; F arc staves placed on the inside of the periphery of the
said cylinder for the purpose of rubbing and turning over the clothes,
in which they are assisted by the fluted roller. If it is desirable that
the said fluted roller and the cylinder should revolve in contrary
directions, which, as far as present experience goes, seems to be the
best, a small spur wheel H is placed on one end of the fluted roller and
an internal wheel K on the same end of the cylinder, an intermediate
spur wheel L gears into both the internal wheel K and spur wheel H.
Motion is given to the handle M, and is communicated by the gearing
N to the intermediate spur wheel L, which latter turns the internal
wheel attached to the cylinder and the spur wheel attached to the fluted
roller in opposite directions. In place of one fluted roller two or more
may be used, and the flutes may be allowed to gear into each other like
the teeth of wheels. O and P are the ordinary rollers for wringing and
mangling, which said rollers may be either attached to the machine or
not. R is a tap to let out the water from the machine.
The above machine, as described and illustrated, may be used either
for washing or for churning, but where it is desired to be used for
churning alone I prefer to make it as shewn in section in Figs. 3 and 4.
In this arrangement the flutes of the roller and the staves of the cylinder
are extended in the form of wings S and T, working in between each
other so as to give a greater agitation to the milk than could be obtained
by the system shewn in Figs. 1 and 2. The zinc covering of the cylinder
shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, being unnecessary for churning is dispensed
with in Figs. 3 and 4, the staves being retained. The cylinder and
roller are driven in contrary directions by means of gearing, same as
before described, and shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, and shewn again in
Figs. 3 and 4. In the latter case a pair of bevil wheels W being used
to communicate the motion given by the handle X to the said gearing,
the tub or cistern Z is made to stand upright, and is circular in form.

page_text: JOHNSON KITCHEN. (L.S.)