and for enabling it to over-ride "bilge pieces or other projections on the hull
Year: 1883

page_text: We, DAVID HUNTER of Troon in the County of Ayr, Carpenter; ALEXANDER
DONALDSON SPIERS, Insurance Broker; and ARCHIBALD SCOTT BROWN, Clerk,
both of 135, Buchanan Street Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, seek leave to
amend the specification and drawings of Letters Patent Number 4340 of 1883,
as shown.in red ink in the copy of the original specification and drawings hereunto
annexed.
"
"
Referring to page 3,
By striking out, lines 12 and 13 the words "the apparatus as constructed under
"this Invention" and inserting in lieu thereof the word "which,"
By striking out, lines 15 and 16, the words "and for enabling it to over-ride
"bilge pieces or other projections on the hull."
By striking out line 22, the word "constituting" and substituting therefor the
words "constructed in accordance with."
By striking out, line 24, the words "figure 4, is a plan of the brush as drawn on
figures 1, 2, and 3."
By striking out, line 25, the numerals "5," "6," "7," and substituting therefor
the numerals "4," "5," "6."
By striking out, line 25, the word "it" and inserting in lieu thereof the words
"the brush in accordance with this Invention."
By striking out, line 27, the word "an" and inserting the words "the ordinary."
By striking out, lines 44, and 45, and the words "is permanent or the said
line 46, and substituting therefor the word "The."
By inserting between the word "may" and the word "be" line 47, the words
"in accordance with this invention."
By striking out the numeral "5" line 49, and substituting the numeral "4."
•

page_text: Referring to page 4,
By striking out the sentence beginning with the word "Between" line 6 and
ending with the word
screw line 12.
"
By striking out the numeral "6" line 13 and substituting the numeral " 5."
By striking out the numeral "7" line 19 and substituting the numeral "6."
By inserting line 32 before the word "inclined" the word "adjustable."
By inserting line 37 before the word "inclined" the word "adjustable."
By inserting line 46, before the word "provided" the words "in accordance with
"this Invention."
-
"'
By inserting line 54, before the word "inclined" the word "adjustable."
Referring to page 5,
By striking out lines 9 to 12 inclusive and substituting therefor,
"In apparatus of the class set forth for cleaning or scrubbing the sides and
"bottoms of ships afloat a brush scrubber or scraper having an adjustable inclined
plane on the back and on the face rollers whose axes are parallel to the length
"of the brush substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with
"reference to the appended drawings."
Referring to the drawings,
By striking out figure 4.
By removing from figures 5, and 6, the dotted lines.
By removing from figures 2, and 3, the part marked i, and substituting therefor
the arrangement k, l, figure 6.
By striking out the numerals "5" "6," "7" and substituting therefor the
numerals "4," "5," " 6."
Our reasons for making this amendment are that the specification describes and
claims subject matter which we are advised and now believe was not novel at the
date of the patent.
The applicant David Hunter is the patentee and the applicants Alexander
Donaldson Spiers and Archibald Scott Brown are assignees of parts of his right,
title, and interest in and to the said patent as per deeds of assignment dated
respectively the 26th day of March and 25th day of September and registered
respectively at the Patent Office the 7th day of April and 6th day of October all in
the year 1884.

page_text: In the matter of the application made by David Hunter, Alexander Donaldson
Spiers and Archibald Scott Brown for leave to amend the Specification of
Letters Patent N° 4340 of 1883.
I hereby grant leave to the said David Hunter, Alexander Donaldson Spiers and
Archibald Scott Brown to amend the said Specification in the manner proposed.
H. READER LACK,
Comptroller-General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Hunter of Troon in the County of Ayr North
Britain for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Hunter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1883.
↓
DAVID HUNTER of Troon, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR SCRUBBING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF
SHIPS AFLOAT"
11
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning,
scrubbing or removing incrustations or objectionable marine, animal or vegetable
matters from the sides or bottoms of ships or vessels whilst afloat and either in
motion or at anchor, relates to that class of such apparatus which is moved over
the skin of the ship in an approximately vertical direction from the keel towards
the deck and vice versa.
The apparatus constituting the Invention consists of an open frame composed
of a top and bottom member connected together at or near their ends by vertical
ties, the parts being so joined that the members are capable of moving on the
connecting pins on the system of parallel rulers.
Between the two connecting ties and preferably mid-way in the frame, the top
and bottom members are further connected together by a cross bar or bars which
at its or their end or ends is or are also joined to the top and bottom members by
pins these pins acting as centres on which the said members move through an arc
in a vertical plane.
A brush scrubber or scraper, but preferably a brush, of any suitable shape is
rigidly secured to the mid bar or bars but has no connection with the end ties
of the frame and on the back of the said brush an inclined plane is made or
connected.
The inclination of the plane is adjustable and such adjustment may be automatic
and effected by placing a coil plate, or other spring between the back of the
brush and the inclined plane, stops being provided to prevent the angle of
inclination from becoming either too great or too little;-or the adjustment, in
lieu of being automatic, may be effected by a screw and nut inserted between
the back of the brush and the inclined plane or by other equivalent means.
و"
The brush at its forward end has a fine attached to it which is passed through
a block on the " "martingale or other forward part of the ship and thence to, the
deck and the end ties of the frame have each a line secured to them and passing
to the deck.
The operation is as follows :-After the apparatus has been passed over the ships
side it is caused to sink, by pulling the line attached to the rear end tie of the
frame and slacking the line attached to the front end tie which causes the frame
to incline upwards from its forward end and the water, acting on the said
inclination, carries the frame downwards. Whilst descending, the brush is pressed
against the ships side by the water also acting on the inclined plane on the back

page_text: of the brush, by which means a scrubbing action is caused. When the brush has
been carried down to the keel the inclination of the frame is reversed by
slacking the line attached to the rear end tie and pulling the line of the forward
end tie whereby the apparatus is caused to ascend and the water current, still
acting on the inclined surface on the back of the brush and pressing the brush
against the ship's side, an upward cleaning action is effected either on the same or
on a new surface of the hull.
To enable the brush to over ride bilge pieces or other projections on the ships
hull it is provided with two or more rollers whose axis are supported on the body
of the brush.
The apparatus may be operated either from the bow to the stern of the ship or
vice versa the head line being either paid out or hauled in to bring the brush
opposite a new surface.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed.
by the said David Hunter in the Patent Office on the 8th March 1884.
DAVID HUNTER of Troon in the County of Ayr, North Britain, IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR SCRUBBING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF
SHIPS AFLOAT,
My said Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning,
scrubbing, or removing from the sides and bottoms of ships or vessels, whilst
afloat-and-either in motion-or- at anchor, incrustations -or- objectionable_marine,-
animal or vegetable matters.
The said Invention relates to that class of such apparatus which is moved over
the skin of the ship or vessel in an approximately vertical direction or through an
arc from the keel towards the deck and vice versa, and which the apparatus as
constructed-under this Invention consists of a jointed or articulated frame carrying
a brush, scrubber, or scraper-which is provided with means for holding or forcing
it, when in operation, against the surface to be cleaned or scraped and for enabling
it to over ride bilge pieces or other projections on the hull.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood I have
hereunto appended an explanatory sheet of drawings illustrative of the system,
mode or manner in or under which it is or may be used or carried out in
practice.
Of the drawings Figure 1, is a front elevation of the improved cleaning,
scrubbing or scraping apparatus constructed in accordance with constituting my
said Invention, Figure 2, is an elevation of the end thereof marked A, figure 1; and
figure 3 is an elevation of the end marked B; figure 4, is a plan of the brush, as
drawn-on figures 1, 2, and 3. Figures 5 4 and 6 5 illustrate alternative modes of
constructing the brush in accordance with this Invention it; and figure 7, 6 shows
the mode of operation.
As seen at figures 1, 2, and 3, the apparatus consists of the ordinary an open
frame composed of top and bottom members a, connected together at or near their
ends by vertical tie rods b, which pass through slots made in the parts a, and have
holes or eyes made at their upper projecting ends to which lines c, c', are secured.
The parts a, are made flat on their upper and under sides to afford a surface on
which the water currents act as hereinafter set forth and they are attached to the
ties b, by pins d, on which they are capable of moving through a vertical arc on the
system of parallel rulers.
Between the two ties b, and preferably midway from the ends of the members a,
the said members are further tied together by a bar or bars e, the ends of the said
bar or bars passing into or through slots in the parts a, and the connecting
pins f, thereof act as centres for the movement of the top and bottom members of
the frame.
A brush g, flat, curved or of any other suitable shape is rigidly secured to the
mid bar or bars e, but as seen on the drawings it has no connection with the end
ties b, On the back of the said brush an inclined plane h, is made or connected,
the narrow end of the angle being at the forward end of the brush.

page_text: The inclined plane may be rigidly-secured to the back of the brush-by-a-stay-or
stays-is-as-seen more particularly at figure-4,-in-which-case-its-angle of inclination
is permanent or the said The angle of inclination in order to adapt itself to the
speed of the ship or vessel, or to the speed or strength of varying currents may in
accordance with this Invention be adjusted automatically, such adjustment being
effected by placing a coil spring between the back of the brush and the inclined
plane as seen at j, figure 54. A plate or other equivalent spring may be substituted
for the said coil spring, suitable stops being in any case provided to prevent the
angle of inclination from becoming either too great or too little the proper incli-
nation being such as will at all times be sufficient to hold the brush in such
frictional contact with the hull of the ship as to cause it, in operation, to remove
the incrustations therefrom whilst at the same time it should not be so great as to
render the vertical working of the brush difficult or impossible. Between the
narrow or forward-end-of the-inclined plane-1, and the stay in spring-j, or sorew-kg
leather, canvas, or equivalent strips may be nailed or otherwise-fastened, after-the
manner of the sides of a bellows, along the sides both of the brush g, and the
inclined plane-1, so us to enclose the space between them and tend to increase
the efficiency of the apparatus by preventing the water ourrent-from-exerting
a-pressure-on-the stay, spring-or-serew.
Under another mode illustrated at figure 6, 5 the adjustment of the plane h, in
lieu of being automatic, is effected by a screw k, and nut l, a key being applied to
the screw when it is desired to alter the angle or the said adjustment may be
effected in any other convenient manner, it being understood that I do not confine
myself to the modes herein before set forth.
At its forward end the brush g, has a line m, attached to it which line is passed
through a block on the martingale as seen at n, figure 76 or on other part of the
ship in front of the apparatus and thence to the deck and the lines c, c¹, from the
end ties b, also pass to the deck
The operation of cleaning the hull of the ship or vessel is as follows;-After the
apparatus has been passed into the water it is caused to sink by pulling the line c,
attached to the rear end tie b, of the frame and slacking the line c¹, attached to the
front end tie which causes the frame to incline upwards from its forward towards
its rearward end. The forward movement of the ship causes the water to act on
the said inclined plane, constituted by the members a, and carry the frame and
with it the brush downwards, the rear line c, which is meantime kept only
sufficiently taut to hold the frame in proper position, being paid out as the
apparatus sinks. Whilst so descending the brush is made to press against the
ship's side, also by the forward motion of the ship causing the water to act on the
adjustable inclined plane h, by which means a scrubbing effect is produced over an
arc on the hull, the radius of which are is greater or less according to the distance
of the brush from the block through which the head line m, passes.
When the brush has been carried down to the keel the inclination of the frame is
reversed by slacking the line c, and pulling the line c', whereby the apparatus is
caused to ascend and the water still acting on the adjustable inclined plane h, and
pressing the brush against the ship's side an upward cleaning action is produced
either on the same or on a new surface of the hull, the head line m, being from time
to time paid out or drawn in accordingly as the work is being effected from the bow
towards the stern or vice versa.
When one side of the ship has been cleaned the lines c, c¹, are connected to the
other end of the ties b, that is to say, the apparatus is turned upside down and then
passed over the other side of the ship and similarly operated.
To enable the brush to over-ride bilge pieces or other projections on the ship's
bull it is in accordance with this Invention provided with rollers o, whose axes are
supported in bearings on and are parallel to the length of the body of the brush and
the said rollers also act to crush, loosen, and remove barnacles or other matters
during the action of the apparatus.

page_text: The apparatus besides being used in cleaning or scrubbing the hulls of ships or
vessels when in motion may also be employed to remove incrustations when the
ship or vessel is at anchor in tidal, or other water ways where there is enough
current to cause the brush to press against the hull with sufficient force by acting
on the adjustable inclined plane h, The apparatus may also be usefully employed
in clearing or brushing away obstructions from the mouth or outlets of water closet
bilge and other pipes which frequently become choked and being under water are
otherwise difficult to free without docking the ship.
Although I have shewn a brush as used in the improved apparatus it is to be
understood that a scrubber or scrubbers, or a scraper or scrapers may be substituted
therefor when desired.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or carried out in practice, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is..
The-improved apparatus consisting of the jointed or articulated frame a, b, brush,
serubber or scraper or brushes, scrubbers, or scrapers-g, inclined plane h, and
rollers-05-arranged substantially-as-and for the purpose hereinbefore described with
reference to the appended drawings.
In apparatus of the class set forth for cleaning or scrubbing the sides and
bottoms of ships afloat a brush scrubber or scraper having an adjustable inclined
plane on the back, and on the face rollers whose axes are parallel to the length of
the brush substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference
to the appended drawings.
In Witness Whereof I the said David Hunter, have hereunto set my hand and
Seal this Fifth day of March in the year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty four
Witness
GEO. M CRUIKSHANK
135 Buchanan St Glasgow
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents
DAVID HUNTER (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Hunter of Troon in the County of Ayr North
Britain for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Hunter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1883.
DAVID HUNTER of Troon, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR SCRUBBING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF
SHIPS AFLOAT
"
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning,
scrubbing or removing incrustations or objectionable marine animal or vegetable
matters from the sides or bottoms of ships or vessels whilst afloat and either in
motion or at anchor, relates to that class of such apparatus which is moved over
the skin of the ship in an approximately vertical direction from the keel towards
the deck and vice versa.
The apparatus constituting the Invention consists of an open frame composed
of a top and bottom member connected together at or near their ends by vertical
ties, the parts being so joined that the members are capable of moving on the
connecting pins on the system of parallel rulers.
Between the two connecting ties and preferably mid-way in the frame, the top
and bottom members are further connected together by a cross bar or bars which
at its or their end or ends is or are also joined to the top and bottom members by
pins these pins acting as centres on which the said members move through an aro
in a vertical plane.
A brush scrubber or scraper, but preferably a brush, of any suitable shape is
rigidly secured to the mid bar or bars but has no connection with the end ties
of the frame and on the back of the said brush an inclined plane is made or
connected.
The inclination of the plane is adjustable and such adjustment may be automatic
and effected by placing a coil, plate, or other spring between the back of the

page_text: brush and the inclined plane, stops being provided to prevent the angle of
inclination from becoming either too great or too little; or the adjustment, in
lieu of being automatic, may be effected by a screw and nut inserted between
the back of the brush and the inclined plane or by other equivalent means.
The brush at its forward end has a line attached to it which is passed through
a block on the "martingale" or other forward part of the ship and thence to the
deck and the end ties of the frame have each a line secured to them and passing
to the deck.
The operation is as follows:-After the apparatus has been passed over the ships
side it is caused to sink, by pulling the line attached to the rear end tie of the
frame and slacking the line attached to the front end tio which causes the frame
to incline upwards from its forward end and the water, acting on the said
inclination, carries the frame downwards. Whilst descending, the brush is pressed
against the ships side by the water also acting on the inclined plane on the back
of the brush, by which means a scrubbing action is caused. When the brush has
been carried down to the keel, the inclination of the frame is reversed by
slacking the line attached to the rear end tie and pulling the line of the forward
end tie whereby the apparatus is caused to ascend and the water current, still
acting on the inclined surface on the back of the brush and pressing the brush
against the ship's side, an upward cleaning action is effected either on the same or
on a new surface of the hull.
.
To enable the brush to over ride bilge pieces or other projections on the ships
hull it is provided with two or more rollers whose axis are supported on the body
of the brush.
The apparatus may be operated either from the bow to the stern of the ship or
vice versa the head line being either paid out or hauled in to bring the brush
opposite a new surface.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said David Hunter in the Patent Office on the 8th March 1884.
DAVID HUNTER of Troon in the County of Ayr, North Britain, IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR SCRUBBING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF
SHIPS AFLOAT,
My said Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning,
scrubbing, or removing from the sides and bottoms of ships or vessels, whilst
afloat and either in motion or at anchor, incrustations or objectionable marine,
animal or vegetable matters.
The said Invention relates to that class of such apparatus which is moved over
the skin of the ship or vessel in an approximately vertical direction or through an
arc from the keel towards the deck and vice versa, and the apparatus as constructed
under this Invention consists of a jointed or articulated frame carrying a brush,
scrubber, or scraper-which is provided with means for holding or forcing it, when
in operation, against the surface to be cleaned or scraped and for enabling it to
over-ride bilge pieces or other projections on the hull.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood I have
hereunto appended an explanatory sheet of drawings illustrative of the system,
mode or manner in or under which it is or may be used or carried out in
practice.
Of the drawings Figure 1, is a front elevation of the improved cleaning,
Ecrubbing or scraping apparatus constituting my said Invention, Figure 2, is an
elevation of the end thereof marked A, figure 1; and figure 3 is an elevation of
the end marked B; figure 4, is a plan of the brush, as drawn on figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate alternative modes of constructing it; and figure 7, shews
the mode of operation.
As seen at figures 1, 2, and 3, the apparatus consists of an open frame composed
of top and bottom members a, connected together at or near their ends by vertical
tie rods b, which pass through slots made in the parts a, and have holes or eyes
made at their upper projecting ends to which lines c, c¹, are secured. The parts a
are made flat on their upper and under sides to afford a surface on which the
water currents act as hereinafter set forth and they are attached to the ties b, by
pins d, on which they are capable of moving through a vertical arc on the system
of parallel rulers.
Between the two ties b, and preferably midway from the ends of the members a,
the said members are further tied together by a bar or bars e, the ends of the said
bar or bars passing into or through slots in the parts a, and the connecting
pins f, thereof act as centres for the movement of the top and bottom members of
the frame.
A brush g, flat, curved or of any other suitable shape is rigidly secured to the
mid bar or barse, but as seen on the drawings it has no connection with the end
ties b, On the back of the said brush an inclined plane h, is made or connected,
the narrow end of the angle being at the forward end of the brush.
The inclined plane may be rigidly secured to the back of the brush by a stay or
stays i, as seen more particularly at figure 4, in which case its angle of inclination
is permanent or the said angle of inclination in order to adapt itself to the speed
of the ship or vessel, or to the speed or strength of varying currents may be
adjusted automatically, such adjustment being effected by placing a coil spring
between the back of the brush and the inclined plane as seen at j, figure 5.
A plate or other equivalent spring may be substituted for the said coil spring,

page_text: .
suitable stops being in any case provided to prevent the angle of inclination from
becoming either too great or too little the proper inclination being such as will at
all times be sufficient to hold the brush in such frictional contact with the hull of
the ship as to cause it, in operation, to remove the incrustations therefrom whilst
at the same time it should not be so great as to render the vertical working of the
brush difficult or impossible. Between the narrow or forward end of the inclined
plane h, and the stay i, spring j, or screw k, leather, canvas, or equivalent strips
may be nailed or otherwise fastened, after the manner of the sides of a bellows,
along the sides both of the brush g, and the inclined plane h, so as to enclose
the space between them and tend to increase the efficiency of the apparatus by
preventing the water current from exerting a pressure on the stay, spring
or screw.
Under another mode illustrated at figure 6, the adjustment of the plane h, in
lieu of being automatic, is effected by a screw k, and nut l, a key being applied to
the screw when it is desired to alter the angle or the said adjustment may be
effected in any other convenient manner, it being understood that I do not confine
myself to the modes hereinbefore set forth.
At its forward end the brush g, has a line m, attached to it which line is passed
through a block on the martingale as seen at n, figure 7, or on other part of the ship
in front of the apparatus and thence to the deck and the lines c, o³, from the end
ties b, also pass to the deck
The operation of cleaning the hull of the ship or vessel is as follows;-After the
apparatus has been passed into the water it is caused to sink by pulling the line c,
attached to the rear end tie b, of the frame and slacking the line c¹, attached to the
front end tie which causes the frame to incline upwards from its forward towards
its rearward end. The forward movement of the ship causes the water to act on
the said inclined plane, constituted by the members a, and carry the frame and
with it the brush downwards, the rear line c, which is meantime kept only
sufficiently taut to hold the frame in proper position, being paid out as the
apparatus sinks. Whilst so descending the brush is made to press against the
ship's side, also by the forward motion of the ship causing the water to act on the
inclined plane h, by which means a scrubbing effect is produced over an are on
the hull, the radius of which arc is greater or less according to the distance of
the brush from the block through which the head line m, passes.
When the brush has been carried down to the keel the inclination of the frame is
reversed by slacking the line c, and pulling the line c¹, whereby the apparatus is
caused to ascend and the water still acting on the inclined plane h, and pressing
the brush against the ship's side an upward cleaning action is produced either on
the same or on a new surface of the hull, the head line m, being from time to time
paid out or drawn in accordingly as the work is being effected from the bow
towards the stern or vice versa.
When one side of the ship has been cleaned the lines c, c¹, are connected to the
other end of the ties b, that is to say, the apparatus is turned upside down and then
passed over the other side of the ship and similarly operated.
To enable the brush to over-ride bilge pieces or other projections on the ship's
hull it is provided with rollers o, whose axes are supported in bearings on and are
parallel to the length of the body of the brush and the said rollers also act to
crush, loosen, and remove barnacles or other matters during the action of the
apparatus.
The apparatus besides being used in cleaning or scrubbing the hulls of ships or
vessels when in motion may also be employed to remove incrustations when the
ship or vessel is at anchor in tidal, or other water ways where there is enough
current to cause the brush to press against the hull with sufficient force by acting
on the inclined plane h, The apparatus may also be usefully employed in clearing
or brushing away obstructions from the mouths or outlets of water closet bilge and
other pipes which frequently become choked and being under water are otherwise
difficult to free without docking the ship.

page_text: Although I have shewn a brush as used in the improved apparatus it is to be
understood that a scrubber or scrubbers, or a scraper or scrapers may be substituted
therefor when desired.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or carried out in practice, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is.
The improved apparatus consisting of the jointed or articulated frame a, b, brush,
scrubber or scraper or brushes, scrubbers, or scrapers g, inclined plane h, and
rollers o, arranged substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with
reference to the appended drawings,
In Witness Whereof I the said David Hunter, have hereunto set my hand and
Seal this Fifth day of March in the year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty four.
DAVID HUNTER (LB)
Witness
GEO. M CRUIKSHANK
135 Buchanan St Glasgow
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents