IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CLOSETS
Year: 1885

page_text: I CHARLES HEYWOOD of 3 Mount Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CLOSETS" to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to prevent the access of foul air and sewer gas from
water closets into dwellings, which I propose to effect by means of the complete
insulation of the closet although located within the house, and the same means
also serves to ventilate such closets.
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The invention is also applicable to other chambers or places where there may be
a liability to the diffusion of a vitiated atmosphere."
I propose to insulate the closet or other place by means of the circulation of air
freely over and under, and on each side and end of the same by means of a cavity
extending all round 'and communicating direct' with the external atmosphere.
This need not cause any inconvenience in gaining access to the closet or other
place the entrance thereto being over a grid on the floor line equal in width to the
cavity on the side or end which is nearest to the entrance to the closet where it
adjoins the house or passage leading to the same."
The cavity at that side opens upwards between two doors.
If the inner door is open the air will be carried into and ventilate the closet;
as well as into the other cavities surrounding it; whilst if both doors are closed, the
ventilation will be confined to the cavities, and any annoyance from too much
draught of air when the closet is in use will be thus avoided.
The ventilation through the open cavities may be increased by causing the
brickwork or stonework of the external wall behind the closet and within the
square of the four cavities to project (in the portion only enclosed within the cavities)
to the extent of about one foot, or more if deemed advisable, so as to increase the
circulation of air, which will thus act more satisfactorily from whatever quarter
the wind 'may blow, but this projection is quite optional and may be avoided' if
considered undesirable.
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page_text: I CHARLES HEYWOOD of 3 Mount Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER CLOSETS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention is designed to prevent the access of foul air and sewer gas from
water closets into dwellings, which I propose to effect by means of the complete
insulation of the closet although located in the house, and the same means also
serves to ventilate such closets.
The invention is also applicable to other chambers or places where there may be
a liability to the diffusion of a vitiated atmosphere.
The nature of my invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed
or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference to the
drawings hereunto annexed and the following explanation thereof.
Fig. 1. on the drawing is a plan view or horizontal section of a water-closet
constructed according to my invention, and Fig.12. is a vertical section of the same.
I propose to insulate the closet or other place by means of the circulation of air
freely over and under, and on each side and end of the same by means of a
cavity a, a extending on each side and end and also above and beneath the same,
and communicating direct with the external atmosphere by means of entrance and
exit passages b, b at the back or other convenient place.
This need not cause any inconvenience in gaining access to the closet, or other
place, the entrance thereto being over a grid c, c (Fig. 1.) on the floor line equal in
width to the cavity a, u on tho sido or end which is nearest to the entrance to the
closet, where it adjoins the house or passage leading to the same.
'The cavity u, ô
at that side opens upwards between two doors d, d and e, e, the space between the
two when closed forming a continuation of the cavity.
If the inner door d, d is opened the air will be carried into and ventilate the
closet, as well as into the cavities a a surrounding it, but will not if the outer door
is closed, penetrate into the house or into the passage or corridor leading thereto,
whilst if both doors d, d and e, e are closed, the ventilation will be confined to the
cavities a a, and any annoyance from too much draught of air when the closet is in
use will thus be avoided,
When the corridor or passage is so narrow that it would be inconvenient for the
door e, e to open outwards as shown on Fig. 1. the two doors d, d and e, e can be
bolted together and both open inwards but I prefer that they should be separate
and independent, and hinged upon opposite sides as shown at Fig. 1. The doors
be hinged on the same side.
however may
The ventilation through the passages b, b to and from the cavities a, a may be
increased by causing the brickwork or stonework of the external wall f. f behind
the closet and within the square of the four cavities to project (in the portion only
enclosed within the cavities) to the extent of about one foot (as shown by the
dotted lines in Fig. 1) or more if deemed advisable, so as to increase the circulation
E

page_text: of air, which will thus act more satisfactorily from whatever quarter the wind may.
blow, but this projection is quite optional and may be dispensed with if considered
undesirable. The projection need not be of solid brickwork or other material,
projecting slabs or boards would be alike effectual.
•
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I.declare that what
I claim is
The construction of water closets (and other chambers liable to the diffusion of
a vitiated atmosphere) with a complete insulation by means of a cavity extending
on each side and end, and also above and beneath the same and communicating
direct with the external atmosphere, the entrance being protected by double
doors, the space between which when closed forms a portion of the said cavity,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings annexed.
GEORGE DAVIES,
Agent for the Applicant.