A UNIVERSAL JACQuard Apparatus.
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Smith, of No. 10, Salisbury Street, Adelphi,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "A UNIVERSAL JACQuard Apparatus.”.
A communication from Mons" Charles Anciot, of Rouen, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1857.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of No. 10, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A UNIVERSAL JACQUARD
APPARATUS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of jacquard apparatus, by
which it may be applied to every description of loom for the purpose of
producing a pattern or figuro upon woven fabric.
It consists in arranging the needles vertically, each having an eye in or near
to its upper end through which a warp thread is passed, and also, whero neces-
sary, a suitable enlargement for giving increased weight, and as each needle by
its own weight is free to fall between a given line, should there be a hole in the
card to permit of its passing therethrough and into the pierced roller or box,
whether with threo or more faces upon which the cards rest, and is held by
suitable pins whilst under the vertically sliding frame containing the needles,'
or when the said frame is brought down by the intervention of suitable levers..
Certain of the needles are caused to rise above the rest whilst the others pass
through the holes in the card, and supporting a roller or box, as beforo

page_text: described, also when a vertical motion is given to the perforated roller or box
upon which the cards rest whilst so much of the pattern is being transferred to
the fabric. The enlargements upon the needles are caused to come into con-
tact with suitably formed holes in the upper plates or needle guides, thus
producing a sufficient degree of opening between the upper and lower divisions
of the warp threads; the relative proportions in which these are divided at
each shoot of the shuttle and its thread determines the correctness of the
pattern in course of formation. Also by means of a series of levers, rods,
or bars working from a motion shaft, and moved or put in action by cranks
or eccentrics fixed thereon, so connecting there with the beater, the movement
of the jacquard frame and plates containing the needles, and the vertical
movement (as also the rotation when required) of the perforated roller or box,
as to render the combined operations required in a jacquard loom continuous,
dependent, and uniform, whether worked by hand or other motive power from
one shaft.
A second feature in this Invention is, giving a vertical motion combined
with an intermittant rotative action to the pierced or drilled roller or box upon
which the punctured cards rest whilst in use for transferring the pattern to
the fabric; those needles, the points of which have not found corresponding
holes in the card, arc, by the upward movement of this roller or box, caused
to rise above a given level, and in doing so, carry with them their warp
threads.
Instead of the ordinary cards which may also be used in conjunction with
the other parts of the Invention herein described, cards of a more generally
useful description and more permanent character may be constructed in the
following manner:-Cards of the proper size or plates of thin metal having
the full number of holes punched or perforated therein, corresponding with the
greatest number of threads, hooks, or needles for which the loom or jacquard
apparatus is constructed, but such holes only as are required to produce
the design are permitted to remain open, whilst the others are filled in with
cement or hard paste, or the whole surface of the perforated card or plate is
covered with cement or hard paste, and such holes as are required open are
cleared out by hand or in a "reading-in" machine, whilst the paste or cement
is still soft.
Instead of the ordinary comb or reed, one formed like the ordinary hair
comb is preferred, as thereby the threads can be deposited therein, and are
easily replaced when broken, or under any other circumstances where they
have to be moved, changed, or repaired.
The pickers, drivers, or shuttle throwers may be worked in the ordinary.

page_text: manner, but it is preferred to form a grove, hollow, or recess in the bottom
or hollow part of the shuttle, for the purpose of allowing the point of the
picker or shuttle thrower to come in contact therewith and be guided thereby.
The movement or change of the shuttle is effected or produced by the
arrangement of suitable needles belonging to and connected with tho jacquard
calling the proper shuttle into action at the proper moment by moving the con-:
necting levers and rods belonging thereto.
The shuttle box is divided by partitions into as many compartments as it is
proposed to employ shuttles; it has on its side a plate with a rod, which slides.
freely in grooves formed in the upright of the batten; this rod is guided in eyes:
or guide holes. The shuttle box is attached to one of the arms of a lever,:
which has its centre of oscillation on the upright of the batten, the other arm
of the said lever being connected with the jacquard apparatus by levers or
rods, before referred to, the box being kept pressed against the frame by a:
spring; it may be drawn towards the back of the batten by a crank lever or
pulley in connection with the jacquard apparatus. This shuttle box is move-
able in two directions, i.c., vertically or horizontally, either separately or simul-
taneously, as may be required; thus the governing action of the jacquard can
operate the change of shuttles by presenting the required compartment and its
shuttle at the proper moment and in accordance with the design.
The improvement in connection with the rolling cylinder or beam on which:
the warp threads are wound consists in an arrangement for preventing the
rupturo or straining of the warp threads at the time of their being raised,:
separated, or opened, and whilst the shuttle is being passed through, and is as:
follows:-
Around one or both of the ends of the roller a cord is wound, having a
reaction spring of suitable strength attached to the outer end thereof, or a
lever and balance weight may be used instead, this lever being connected with:
the jacquard apparatus, which, cach time it is raised or depressed, gives a
small but corresponding amount of motion to the roller, and so to the requisito
extent relieves the warp threads from pressure, but the spring or balance
weight causes the roller to recover its proper position.
3.
From the several improvements herein described, but chiefly from the
position and disposition of the jacquard apparatus, looms for producing figured
fabrics of all kinds may be constructed of considerably less height than here--
tofore, whilst every part is easy of access for regulation, inspection, or repairs,
and the power necessary for working loonis. according to this Invention will
be less.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in. pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SMITH, of No. 10, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April; in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Smith, Her special licence that I, the said William Smith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, tho said
William Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A UNIVERSAL
JACQUARD APPARATUS," a communication from Monsieur Charles Anciot, of
Rouen, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Smith, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Smith, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to bo particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings.
HISTORY OF THE INVENTION.
Having remarked that a special loom was required for each particular
description of web, and that none of those in use fulfilled satisfactorily the
wants of weaving industry as at present carried on, I bethought myself of the
possibility of devising in a single loom the capability of mechanically producing

page_text: 66
warp; second, to pass the shuttle box in the angle formed by the crossing of
the threads of the warp, it being understood that I denominate the shuttle a:
'pass warp;" because in my apparatus it has no longer the form of a "turnip,"
(to an imaginary resemblance to which vegetable it owes its name in France);
third, to press the threads of the warp against each other; fourth, to chango
the card otherwise known as the "regulator" of the crossing of the threads;
fifth, to change the shuttle in order to vary the colours of the web; sixth, to.
roll up the web as completed; seventh, to stop the loom when the shuttle is:
not thrown in time into the box destined to receive it; eighth, to stop tho:
loom when the shuttle thread fails during the transit of the shuttle; ninth,
to stop the loom when the threads of the warp fail to accomplish the neccs-
sary movements; tenth, to stretch the web in such a manner as to secure its.
retaining the same breadth as tho reed through which the threads of the
warp pass. When I had determined that the ten movements above were
indispensable, I then proceeded to devise the ten combinations essential for
their production. The first problem, viz³, how to arrango an apparatus fitted
for the universal crossing of the threads of the warp, was the most difficult..
I endeavoured for a long time to adapt that loom known as the "Vaucanson
a Jacquart" to this process; but my efforts were fruitless, and I was obliged.
to admit the impossibility of attaining this object owing to the number of
agents employed to move the threads in the jacquart loom being too compli-
cated and heavy; I was driven at last to admit my inability to grapple with
that obstacle. I then asked myself, is it not possible to effect directly the move-
ment of the threads of the warp without having recourse to. some fifteen
intermediate agents, as in the jacquart loom? I was a long time before I'
could answer this question; at last I perceived that if the healds in which tho
threads of the warp are extended have a sufficient solidity, the regulator of
the crossings of these threads might act directly upon the said healds without
intermediate agency. It was then that I invented my heald needles. It
appeared to me evident that by making the healds sufficiently strong, and
piercing them with eyes like sewing needles, the threads passed in the eyes of
the needles could be moved by the cards regulating the crossing of the threads.
The solution of the problem was found, for each heald then possessed a
distinct motive power in the cavity on the surface of the regulator card which
was brought opposite the bealds. As the order of these spaces is susceptible
of infinite variation of arrangement it is easy to get an infinite variety of
crossings; but this does not suffice, for when my healds met with a plain
surface they were elevated when an opening was effected between the threads
that were elevated and those that were not; this was not enough, and I was

page_text: obliged to seek something moro perfect, for the elevated threads wero twisted
from their nominal position (that of a curve), whilst the others assumed either
à straight line or a curve opposed to the first; or, on the other hand, the first
formed a straight line, whilst the others, remaining motionless, formed a curve.
Beyond this, the threads ought to traverse the needful space to admit of the
passage of the shuttles. The effect thus produced was injurious, first, to the
quality of the stuffs, because at the time that only a part of the threads wero
moved at each flight of the shuttle an alteration in the quality of certain
stuff was inevitable, as is the case generally with the jacquart loom. It
became, therefore, essential that I should move at each transit all the threads
in opposite directions. It was not difficult to raise certain healds by the
surface of the regulator, but it was not equally easy to draw, the other healds
into the cavities, and consequently I had much difficulty in overcoming 'this
obstacle. I sought to find some means of hooking my hoalds without hinder-
ing their movements, only hooking those which were not elevated. It was
then that I thought of employing a bulb to my needles, and to permit these
last to pass through a card pierced with cavities of a greater diameter than
the knobs or bulbs. It results that if the regulator card remains placed in
such a manner as to permit the free passage of the bulbs through the cavities,
and that the plain surface of the regulator card has at the same time re-pushed
certain bulbs through the cavities, then it follows that if tho position of the
regulator card is altered, so as to permit no longer a free passage to the
elevated bulbs, and that if at that moment the card moves in an opposito
direction from the elevated healds, it carries the other bulbs along with it.
This arrangement was perfectly fitted for horizontal looms; but at this time I
foresaw that my loom ought to be fitted to change it sposition, i.c., to assume
the vertical instead of the horizontal position usually given to ordinary looms.
Under this new form it became necessary to fit it to carry out all the opera-
tions essential to the production of every description of web. I then gave
the loom a vertical form, which, however, deprived me of the agency of gravity
to withdraw the needle raised by the plain surface. I then had recourse to
clastic bands, having a tension in a direction opposito to the path of the
needles pressed by the plain surface of the card, these clastic bands bringing
the healds back to their places, but I found this costly and embarrassing, tend-
ing to deteriorate the card. The desire to obviate these inconveniences made
ine again search for some new expedient, and 1 discovered the following:-
I added a bulb to the extremity of my needles at the spot where they touched
the card, and I placed a small funnel, provided with a spring of suitable
strength, having the form of pincers with circular arms, which being closed

page_text: can pass through the cavity of the regulator card, offering sufficient resistance
to its passage to permit of the card withdrawing repelled needles. Fig. 14,
Sheet 2, will illustrate the action of the needles. If the card recedes, the
bulb no longer finds a passage, and the needle is forced to remain in its posi-
tion upon the card, and when this card advances towards the cylinder the
needle slides in the cavity of the latter. The plate serves to guide the needles
into the cavity of the cards, following, meanwhile, the same movements as the
cylinder, then when the card recedes it draws with it the needles which had
been repelled by the regulator card. In fine, one series of needles is repelled
by the plain surfaces of the cards and another is drawn into the cavities of
the card by the one plate crossing the other one, which may be displaced or
moved by any suitable means; in its turn the other plate withdraws the
needles that had been forced into the cavities. I had thus for crossing threads
an apparatus of universal application, and not in any respect deficient; but I.
have dovised several other modes or ways of arranging this apparatus. Thus,
instead of making the card or regulator of the crossing.of the threads act
directly on the healds, these last could be put in movement by intermediate
agents, and I will now proceed to describe some of such arrangements. Thus,.
by way of example: on reference to Fig. A, Sheet 2, A represents the thread
of the warp; B, heald with eyelet hole; C, plates to guide the needles; D, a
joint connecting the bell crank E. with the needle B; E, a bell crank turning
upon the fixed centre P; F, the bulbed needlo; G and H are perforated-
cards; I and I', two perforated plates; R, joint uniting the bell crank E
with the needle F. Now, when the needle F is elevated by the plain surface
of the card it draws the thread to one side to separate it from those left
undisturbed. And I now proceed to describe Fig. 24, Sheet 2, in which A is.
the thread of the warp; B, a needlo with eyelet hole; C; plato to guide
needlo B; D, needle with bulb; E, another plate to guide the needle B; F, a
perforated plate; G, the equivalent for the cylinder carrying the cards; H and
I are two perforated plates. The needle D is crooked in manner shown, and
its crooked portion passes in an eye formed in the needle B, so that if tho
card elevates the needle D this draws to the right the needle B, so separating
that thread from the others.
I now proceed to describo Fig. 34, Sheet 2, A being a thread of the warp;
B, needle with eyelet hole; C, vibrating shaft; D, bulbed needle, as before ;-
E, plate to guide the needles; F, a perforated plate; and G, another per-
forated plate; H and H, two perforated plates, one thicker than the other,
and with contracted holes; I, a joint connecting the shaft or spindle C with
the needle B; K, a fixed centre, acting as a pivot to the vibrating shaft or

page_text: spindle C. When the card passes to the right, the bulbed needle with its eye,
and the vibrating shaft or spindle C, connected to the needle, moves to the
right, the needle B in the eyelet hole of which is a thread of the
is thus separated from the others.
warp, which
It must be understood in every example of such a loom that the part of the
machine upon which the cards alternately or successively turn or fit upon or
into may be a prism of any number of sides, or it may be a plate, or two
plates combined with a space between; it is this which carries the regulator
card, and which is generally referred to as the "cylinder."
It remained to devise the rest of the apparatus necessary to affect the other
operations herein-before enumerated, and of which the principal one is that
which permits the introduction of a variety of colours in the web.
The horizontal loom did not permit of my mechanically introducing of a
variety of colours, hence it was that the vertical form became still more suit-
able, for the lay or batten apparatus having a vibratory movement, which is
also possessed by the shuttle boxes, in the direction of the warp & the web, it
became possible to place the shuttle boxes in tiers, one above the other, and
which again in turn again permits the employment of a great number, without
the same limitations which exist in the horizontal looms. In fact, the
apparatus is so much simplified, that it is only necessary to place under or in
conjunction with the shuttle box a rack with as many notches as the box is
intended to contain shuttles or colours, each of the notches being brought into
the requisite position by a heald needle, and I should thus bo able to employ
a greater number of shuttles than are at present employed for the purpose of
producing the most variegated webs, and this too without necessitating the
employment of complicated apparatus.
I give to the shuttle and its box the shape shewn in Fig. 4, Sheet 2, but
for webs of great length or for cloths I add rollers to the under side of such
shuttles.
Having found that the vertical position of the loom facilitated the crossing
the threads of the warp, as well as the introduction of a variety of colours in
the web, I further discovered equal advantages where secured in relation to the
other processes, and I now proceed to describe those portions of the apparatus
which are required to stop the loom when the thread of the weft fails in its
transit, or when the threads of the warp do not perform their requisite move-
ments. It must also be here observed that I prefer to employ, as of right, a
reed open on one side, like an ordinary toilet comb, because this form of reed
serves very important purposes in my looms; first, it permits the re-union or
joining of the threads of the web without the necessity of stopping. the

page_text: machine; but it further possesses many other advantages, which consist in its
effecting the stoppage of the loom in either of the three following cases: first,
when the shuttle is not in its place; second, when the thread of the weft breaks
during the transit of the shuttle; third, when the thread of the warp fails to
obey the course prescribed by the regulator card. These are the three prin-
cipal parts of my loom; the seven others only play secondary parts, and are
less difficult of combination. Thus, for the throw of the shuttle I have
devised drivers of suitable forms upon the beam of the driving shaft; for the
rolling of the tissue I have devised an apparatus, the whole merit of which
consists in its simplicity, and the same holds good with respect to the other
effects to be produced. The shape, construction, and position of the several
parts of the apparatus can be combined in a variety of ways, and the mode of
throwing the shuttle is equally open to modification. Finally, with the
multiplicity of materials any description of loom may be constructed, whether
vertical or horizontal, viz.:-1, the horizontal universal jacquard loom with
simple thread lift; 2, the same with a double thread lift; 3, the samo
universal jacquard loom, but vertical, and workable by hand, and with double
thread lift.
Whatever the description of loom may be, the beating home of the weft
requires in the manufacture of cloth a double and even a triple operation, thus
necessitating its repetition two or even three times. I therefore employ a
double or triple eccentric (of about the shape of Fig. 54, Sheet 2, to make
the pass of the weft, reserving the power of modifying the said form according
to necessity.
It must be evident that I foresaw the modifications of which my "fixed
heald loom" was susceptible, whether used alone or combined with other
mechanical appliances, nevertheless the arrangement illustrated on Sheet 3,
Fig. 20 and 21, is that which I consider to be superior to the others, but I
have described the several details and combinations, reserving the same to
myself.
ADVANTAGES OF THE LOOM WITH REGARD TO ITS PRODUCTIVE POWER.
I have ascertained that my loom can produce the richest patterns with the
same facility as the mechanical appliances now in actual use produce the more
simple. Inasmuch as ordinary looms weave about fifty thousand wefts per
day in calico weaving, which is the simplest of all manufactures, my loom will
weave 50,000 wefts per day when producing the richest tissues, and of course
the same quantity in the simpler stuff. With regard to economy:-The
economic advantages, which are considerable, may be classed under three

page_text: heads: first, one workman could manage three looms instead of one, as is
now the case, when any complicated web is being produced; second, the loom
occupies but one-third of the space of ordinary looms; third, the cost price is
but one-third of that of ordinary looms. Thus my loom possesses a superiority
of three to one upon all points, including the cost of lighting and of the motive i
.
LITERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIVERSAL HORIZONTAL LOOM.
Sheet 1, Figs. 1, 2, & 3, the driving pulleys A, one of which is fixed and
the other loose, transmit the motion to the driving shaft B, on which is fixed
the following:-
First, two fly wheels C, furnished with projections or cogs D striking upon
tho friction rollers E, supported by round forked rods passing in a socket F,
and forming coupling rods in connexion with a bell crank G, to which is
attached an iron rod H. This rod is connected, with the driver I, which
I term the pass weft or shuttle driver.
•
Second, two elliptical pulleys J, forming two double-action eccentrics. The
flat rods which work the eccentrics are coupled to the two forked extremities
of the two rods working in the collars M. The two rods act as guides to the
four collars. Upon two of these collars a plate N is fixed, perforated with
small cavities at regular intervals, and united by one of these screws to a small
plate N¹, perforated with larger cavities. Upon two lower collars a plate O is
fastened, likewise perforated with small holes, and which is fastened by screws
another plate O¹ (in metal), perforated with larger holes. In the holes of the
two double plates fixed parallel to each other thero pass the rods P, fastened to
the threads Q, to which are attached levers R, working other threads or cards
S, passing over the pulleys T, and finally joining the rack U, better seen in
Fig. 4, which assumes various positions according to the play of the rods P.
2nd, other rods V, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in which eyelet holes aro
pierced towards the extremities, and on which bulbs are made a little above.
the eyelet holes, together with another bulb at the lower end. I give to these
rods V the name of "single-action rigid healds "acting directly upon each
thread of the warp. The upper bulbs are caught between the plates N, N',
and the lower bulbs between the plates O and O¹ upon the double plate O, O¹,
a rod i, of which the upper end is filed off on one side to make it a spring,
which effects a deviation in the line of position of the double plato N and N¹,
so that the holes of the last permit no longer of the passage of the bulbs of
the needles or rods V.
Third, Fig. 13, Sheet No. 2, exhibits to a larger scale the eccentric W

page_text: with its single tooth or projection X shewn as working against and raising a
friction roller Y, supported by the forked rod Z, which works upon a centre A.
The rod Z is jointed to a rod B, which is again jointed to a third rod or lever
C, oscillating on a fixed centre D; this rod C carries a pal! E moving a ratched
wheel F fixed upon a shaft G, above which is shown another shaft H.
Fourth, two eccentric wheels J, J, as seen in Fig. 3, Sheet 1, are shewn
with rods having a curved foot K projecting therefrom; theso rods / work in
two sockets m which act as guides; the upper ends of the rods are attached
to the two boxes n, which are divided into three tiers or compartments for the
purpose before mentioned.
Fifth, upon the main shaft B are two cranks o, acting upon two connecting
rods p, jointed to the batten g, which supports the reed r, the drivers and their
guides s. The main shaft is also furnished with two fly wheels which act
as governors to the loom, and the same shaft is also furnished with two
guides at each end to direct the passage of the boxes n, upon two of which
guides work the ratchet wheels; the winding off the web is effected by the
ordinary means. The cloth, being U, is likewise. fixed and worked in the
ordinary manner.
I have herein-before stated in the early part of the foregoing description that
I had perceived the necessity of ten distinct operations for producing every
description of cloth, and I traced the history of the study 1 dedicated to effect
the combination of the ten movements or contrivances for performing the said
operations:
My first looms, the horizontal ones, possess the requisite qualities, and I
proceced to give the description thereof.
THE CROSSING OF THE WARP THREADS.
The eccentric J raises the two plates O and O', which raise the regulator
card, whose plain surfaces raise a portion of the heald needles through the
eyelet holes of which a part of the warp threads run, and so soon as the upper
bulbs have passed tho plate N of the double plate N and N¹ one of those
plates is displaced by the action of the rod i, seen in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, in such a
manner that the holes of these two plates N'and N₁ are no longer opposite
each other, and thus the heald needles that were not raised are caught
by their bulbs, and the double plate N and N' falling at the same moment that.
the plates O and O¹ rise, it follows that one portion of the warp is raised
whilst the other part is drawn down, and the proper separation of the threads
is effected. Upon the two plates resuming their normal position the return
of the heald needles is also effected, and they resume their former positions.
;

page_text: FLIGHT OF THE SHUTTLE BETWEEN THE THREADS OF THE WARP.
When the threads of the warp have attained one-fourth of the extent of
their requisite severance, the cogs or projections D (Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1,)
of the fly wheels C strike the friction rollers E on the short cranked end
of the lever G, which throws the shuttle, so that this last enters between the 5
threads at the moment they are half open, and passes with sufficient rapidity
to make its exit before the threads are half closed.
The alternate movement of the batten A is imparted by the cranks O, and
takes place simultaneously with the movement of the shuttle, and the separation
of the threads of the warp being adjusted properly thereto.
THE CHANGING OF THE REGULATOR CARD.
Two shafts or rollers laying one upon the other have between them the
regulator cord or plate, which by their rotary intermittent movement they
draw towards them, thus constantly securing a new combination of pattern by
a new surface, and it is quite easy to understand that an infinito variety in tho
cavities and the plain surfaces of the regulator card effecting an infinito
variety in the crossings of the separated warp threads.
CHANGE OF THE SHUTTLE.
The shuttle box has imparted to it one movement from side to side and
another movement up and down, which ought to take place in such a manner
that this box by means of the eccentric J should be in the position which
the play, of the rack U, Fig. 4, Sheet 1, necessitates before tho release of
the driver I. This shuttle box is held by a stud pin fixed in it, and which
lies in the notches of the rack, changing its position in the movement of the
rods Pare brought into action by the movements of the regulator card. The
rack is furnished with as many notches as there are compartments in tho
shuttle box and the number of the rods P. Figs. 3 and 4 is equal to that of
the notches, so that each rod places under the stud pin the notch to which
it belongs. It will be understood that it is according to the cavities and plain
surfaces of the regulator card that the desired variation of colour is obtained.
WINDING OF THE WEB.
The winding process that I have adopted in my loom has no special feature.

page_text: tho "cylinder" strikes those needles, which finding cavities remain undisturbed,
but the needles which are struck by the plain surface are pushed forward, and
in the angle or space which they form, the shuttle, violently propelled carries
through the weft; but the aperture in the shuttle should be placed in
the under side thereof and not at the end. The eccentrics F and G are
placed in such a manner or relation to each other, that when the batten is at
the lowest point of its courso the "cylinder" is brought round to the front
of the loom. And I will here call attention to the means I employ to bring
the driver O into operation. It may be remarked that it turns upon a pin or
shaft, and that its short bent end carries a friction roller P (see Fig. 5), a tail
piece also turns upon a fixed pivot, supported in a slot in a bracket R, fixed
to the side framing. When the batten rises the friction roller P raises the tail'
piece Q and passes freely, but when the batten falls the roller P strikes the
tail picce Q, then the lever O moves rapidly and launches the shuttle past
the other end of the batten. The web manufactured rises towards the breast
beam, and re-descending rolls itself upon the cloth beam T, the intermittent
rotation of which is fixed by a piece of mechanism, which the batten puts into.
action when it rises, and which is easily seen by reference to Fig. 5. The bell-
crank shaft U working in socket fixed in the frame serves to govern the course
of the driver, yet this agency could be replaced by angular slides. The
frame H, which supports a pierced plate, is guided by studs fixed to the end
of the "cylinder." "The cylinder" I is furnished in the ordinary way with
any suitable arrangement for giving it one-fourth of a revolution on each blow
of the driver, and so secured undisturbed during the necessary time. The
pierced plates and the "cylinder" are provided with thumb screws, which
permit their regulation, so that the holes may be kept opposite each other.
I can employ another oscillating frame L, which would support additional
cards in the event of its being essential to work a double pass. The oscillating
lever X, to which a band or cord is attached, serves as a check to the cloth
beam S. Instead of supporting the card cylinder I and the pierced plates by
oscillating frames which describe the arc of a circle, they can be fixed to a
batten furnished with rollers or with slides running upon guides supported by
the frame; this batten would be connected with the rods of the eccentrics G,
the advancing and retreating movement of which would take place in a hori-
zontal line, and thus perfectly preserve their parallelism.
LITERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DOUBLE ACTING VERTICAL LOON.
In Fig. 20, Sheet 3, the two pulleys A, of which one is fixed and the other

page_text: two fly wheels O, to regulate the speed of the loom. 2nd, two eccentrics Q,
upon which curved feet R of the rods S rest, working in two socket guides T';
these rods S are joined to two boxes U, U, provided with three tiers or com
partments. 3rd, from a cam D (Fig. 20), provided with a cog E, moving a
roller F, supported by the fork of the connecting rod G, oscillating round.a
fixed centre H, see Fig. 21; the rod G is jointed with another rod K, itself
jointed with a lever I, oscillating upon a centre J, carrying a catch.or pall L,
working a ratchet wheel M, keyed upon a shaft M, and under which another
shaft O is shewn. It should be remarked that the first shaft N has its centre
of motion at the lower end of the bar or rod P, supporting the two plates h
and h. The rotation of these two horizontal shafts effect the change of the
regulator card; by which the crossing of the threads is effected. 4th, from
two eccentrics V¹, moving by means of two collars, the two rods V effect
the elevation and depression of the standard W, which support, first, the
arms X; secondly, the drivers Y and their guides Y¹; third, the combs Z;
fourth, the shuttle rack a; fifth, the shaft a¹, for regulating the speed of the
loom; sixth, the bracket B, forming part of tho nechanism of the cloth
beam; seventh, a support B', on which is fixed the triangular jointed rods c, c.
Now the frame d carries upon its upper part, first, a cloth roller D', furnished
at its upper extremity with a tangent wheel, which is worked by an endless
screw; second, the endless screw d³, which moves the wheel D²; this screw is
turned by means of a ratchet wheel D', fixed upon the same shaft, and which
forms part of the mechanism for winding the cloth upon the roller: third, the
web guide E fixed in front of the roller D'. The lower part of the framo
consists of, first, two brackets f, serving as fulcrums for supporting the weight
lever f, which has upon it the adjustable balance weight f, the function of
which is to regulate the winding of the warp; second, two other brackets,
serving as centres of rotation to the warp roller g. The frame further contains
the tumbler or tail piece h³.
CROSSING OF THE THREADS OF THE WARP.
The movement of the standard frames W necessarily produces the elevation
and depression of the triangular jointed rods c, c, the retreat and the approach
of the forks c', &, by means of the connecting rods P, P, and finally the two
double plates h, h¹, and h², h³; by means of this oscillation the rigid healds
are passed into the cavities of this plate, some being pushed in and others

page_text: ..ITS Box.
This is effected by means of the shaft a' with its fly wheel being adapted
to my loom in manner similar to that which is commonly employed.
STOPPAGE OF THE. 'LOOM WHEN THE THREADS OF THE WEFT FAIL DURING THE.
FLIGHT OF THE SHUTTLE.
I employ for this object five teeth of the comb formed into bent levers, as
shown at f, Fig. 10, Sheet 2, having its centre of motion at f. Now, when.
the square reed is lowered by the unfractureḍ weft the oscillating bent lever
shuts, and the short end of which passes before a book without catching it;
but in the contrary caso it catches the hook in question, which is placed as in
the arrangement of apparatus used for stopping the loom when the regulator
card is not in its proper position.
STOPPAGE OF THE LOOM WHEN THE THREADS OF THE WARP DO NOT CROSS
PROPERLY.
This is effected when the regulator card does not occupy its exact place. On
reference to Fig. 12, Sheet 2, the arrangement for this purpose is exhibited,
the stoppage of the loom being effected by the vibration of a certain number
of needles; passing through two plates. One of the extremities of these needles
is furnished with a loop, through which is passed another wire; the other
extremity is furnished with a hook or nipper, like ordinary healds, so that
when the hook or nipper meets an obstacle in a portion of the surface of the
regulator card, instead of the cavity, which it should always enter and leave
easily, this full portion throws forward sufficiently by its shock the wire M',
with the book for to raise it, in consequence of its coming in contact with an
angular projection m, which forms part of the batten frame W; this pro-
jection acts as a lever upon the tail piece m¹ of the little beam n, having on
its opposite side another tail o, which, pressing the longer end of the vibrating
lever o, raises the shorter end by turning upon the centre p, and in this
way the joint of the stopping apparatus q is moved and the loom stopped.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL FIGURES CONTAINED IN SHEETS 1, 2, AND 3.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a view of the right side of the horizontal loom No. 1;
Fig. 2 being a view of the left side thereof; Fig. 3 being a front elevation
of the same loom; whilst Fig. 4 exhibits a detailed view of the combined
movements for changing the tiers of compartments of the shuttle boxes of
loom No. 1.
Sheet 2 contains several detailed Figures, which by way of distinction arc
not coloured; they are those referred to in the textual part hereof, and re-
spectively Figured 1 and 14, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the numbers of which
Figures are unconnected with the general numbering of the Figures on the
several Sheets. Fig. 5 is an elevation of a vertical loom for working a single
pass, being referred to as loom No. 2; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 5;
and Fig. 7 is a horizontal plan, in section, of the vertical loom No. 2, intended
for working a simple pass; Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a double pass
movement for the vertical loom; Figs. 9 and 9" are two views of the combined
movements for effecting the change of tiers in the shuttle boxes of the vertical
loom No. 3; Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation in detail of the apparatus for
stopping the loom when the weft breaks during the transit of the shuttle of
the vertical loom No. 3; Figs. 11 and 11 are two views exhibiting the
details of the arrangement of the change of the regulator card in the vertical
loom No. 3; Fig. 12 exhibits the combined movements for stopping the loom
when the regulator card does not occupy its proper position in the vertical
loom No. 3; Fig. 13, a plan of the details of the apparatus for the removal
of the regulating card employed to effect the crossing of the threads in the
horizontal loom No. 1; Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of the needle healds of the
vertical looms Nos. 2 and 3; Fig. 15, view of the spindles or rods sustaining
the cords in the shuttle racks in the horizontal loom No. 1; Fig. 16, plan of
the needle healds for the horizontal loom No. 1; Fig. 17, plan of the cords
supporting spindles regulating the racks of the loom No. 3; Fig. 18, plan of
the hooked spindles or rods used to stop the machinery in the vertical loom
No. 3; Fig. 19, wires or rods with a ring at one end and a spring nipper at
the other to work in connection with Fig. 18 in loom No. 3.
In Sheet, Fig. 20 is a front elevation of the vertical loom No. 3, and
Fig. 21 is a sectional elevation of Fig. 20.
Having described this Invention as communicated to me, I claim the
construction of complete jacquard looms respectively referred to as looms
No. 1, 2, & No. 3, such looms being produced or obtained by the novel

page_text: arrangements and combinations of the various parts or loom gear herein
described, and shewn in the annexed Sheets of Drawings.
I also claim the several distinct and separately described movements em-
ployed therein, so far as they are each or any of them novel, for the purpose
of weaving, and which may be applicable to other looms than those herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM SMITH, C.E. (L.S.)
GEORGE CHURCHILL,
10, Salisbury Street, Adelphi.