IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Richard Stitt and Joseph Lees both of Belfast
in the County of Antrim in Ireland Linen Manufacturers for an invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Richard Stitt
& Joseph Lees at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May
1882.
WILLIAM RICHARD STITT and JOSEPH LEES both of Belfast in the County of
Antrim in Ireland Linen Manufacturers IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS.
Our Invention relates to the delivery of yarn to the loom in the process of
weaving and its object is to regulate the revolution of the yarn beam according to
the pace at which the yarn is required in the weaving of the cloth.
For this purpose we provide a revolving shaft attached to the loom by brackets
and connected with the yarn beam by means of bevel toothed wheels or pinions
and upon this shaft we fix a hollow cone or conical pulley which may be lined
with leather or other suitable clothing. This hollow cone or conical pulley may be
constructed of two or more pieces or "jaws" and furnished with a spring or springs
or other appliance to give it elasticity or bite.
We provide a second cone or conical pulley which does not revolve but is made
to slide freely along the revolving shaft so as to pass into the hollow cone or
conical pulley and act as a brake or friction when the delivery of yarn to the loom
requires to be checked.
The second or sliding cone or conical pulley is attached to the loom by means of
slotted arms or snugs and pins or bolts on which it is adjusted or set and maintained
in position with the aid of a screw or screws or of a lever and weight or levers and
weights.
And by a connection between them the lower shell when lifted by the yarn is
made to act upon the lever and weight so as to relieve the pressure of the sliding
cone or conical pulley in the hollow cone or conical pulley and thus to regulate the
pace of the yarn beam automatically.
By modifications of the apparatus we have described the second cone or conical
pulley may be fixed to the loom and be stationary while the hollow cone or conical
pulley is made to slide upon the shaft for the purpose aforesaid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Richard Stitt & Joseph Lees in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1882.
WILLIAM RICHARD STITT and JOSEPH LEES both of Belfast in the County of
Antrim in Ireland Linen Manufacturers " IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
"
Our Invention relates to the delivery of yarn to the Loom in the process of
weaving and its object is to regulate the revolution of the yarn beam according to
the pace at which the warp is required in the weaving of the Cloth.
For this purpose we provide a revolving shaft passing through the Loom from
front to back horizontally at right angles with the yarn beam and attached to the
side or gable of the Loom by brackets. The revolving shaft is geared with the
yarn beam by means of bevel toothed wheels or pinions and upon it we fix a
hollow cone or conical pulley which may be lined with leather or other suitable
clothing. The hollow cone or conical pulley may be constructed of two or more
pieces or "jaws" and furnished with a spring or springs or other appliance to give
it elasticity or bite.
We provide a second cone or conical pulley upon the revolving shaft which does
not revolve with it but is made so as to slide freely along it and to pass into the
hollow cone or conical pulley, thus acting as a brake or friction when the delivery
of the warp to the Loon requires to be checked and in order to preserve a uniform
tension of the yarn.
The second or sliding cone or conical pulley is attached to the Loom by means
of slotted arms or snugs and pins or bolts on which it is adjusted or set and
maintained in position with the aid of a screw or screws or of a lever and weight
or levers and weights.
And by a connection between the second or sliding cone or conical pulley and
the lower shell, the latter, when lifted by the yarn, is made to act upon the lever
and weight so as to relieve the pressure of the sliding cone or conical pulley and
thus to regulate the pace of the yarn beam automatically.
This
We have, however, found the following arrangement more convenient in practice
and we prefer to adopt it namely:-we attach the hollow or external cone or
conical pulley to a bored bracket which slides along the shaft and is held in
position by a bearing or bracket bolted to the side or gable of the Loom or which
cone or pulley may be enabled to give or oscillate under any severe or sudden strain
by means of a strong spring bar or lever fixed at one end upon the side of a tubular
shaped bored bracket and connected at the other end with the Loom by a bolt or
stud passing through a slot in a lug or snug on the bearing or bracket and
permitting some freedom of motion to the cone or pulley in both directions.
hollow or external cone or conical pulley is constructed of two semi tubular
tapering pieces or "jaws" which may be strapped or bolted together at the narrow
or smaller end and made adjustable and to some extent elastic at the larger end
or mouth by means of upper and under bars of iron held together at the corres-
ponding extremities thereof by springs or by spring bars similarly held together
by screw bolts and nuts or both ends of the hollow or external cone or conical
pulley may be made adjustable and elastic by the same or similar means. In order
to adjust the position of the hollow or external cone or conical pulley and regulate
its bite we fix upon the side or gable of the Loom a screw bolt, parallel with the
revolving shaft and which passes through a plate or snug attached to the bored
bracket and is provided with a screw nut at each side of such plate or snug-We
may clothe the inside of the pieces or "jaws" with leather or other suitable
material as already mentioned.

page_text: In the preferable arrangement we are now describing we fix the second or inner
cone or conical pulley upon the revolving shaft by means of a bolt, pin, wedge, key
or other ordinary mechanical instrument so that it revolves with the shaft inside
the hollow or external cone or conical pulley which acts upon it as a brake or
friction for the purpose of keeping the yarn at a uniform tension. For heavy work
we make this second or inner cone or conical pulley in two pieces or parts having
the contiguous faces correspondingly grooved, fluted, notched or toothed so as to
gear with each other. One of the pieces or parts is fitted loose upon the shaft and
tapered so as to pass into the hollow or external cone or conical pulley while the
other is fixed upon the shaft by means of feather keys on which it slides and being
in the nature of a disc or clutch is put into and thrown out of gear with the
tapered piece or part by a lever provided for the purpose. By throwing the disc
or clutch thus out of gear the weaver can easily actuate the shaft as next hereinafter
mentioned.
A hand wheel may be fixed in front of the loom on the horizontal shaft to
enable the weaver to turn back the yarn beam when necessary as heretofore
practised and we may also provide a loose handle or lever which fits upon an
angular extension or projection formed on the horizontal shaft to facilitate the
turning of the yarn beam when the work is heavy.
And in order that our said Invention may be more fully understood we shall
now proceed to refer to the drawings upon the sheet hereunto annexed the same
letters of reference indicating the same or corresponding parts of our apparatus
throughout all the figures.
Fig 1. is a side elevation of portion of a power loom shewing the horizontal
revolving shaft attached to the gable of the Loom and gearing with the yarn
beam; also the hollow or external cone or conical pulley and sliding bracket
held in position by a spring bar or lever, a portion of the second or inner cone
or conical pulley fitted loose on the revolving shaft and the disc or clutch and
lever for throwing it into or out of gear; and the hand wheel for turning the
yarn beam.
Fig 2 is a plan of the parts shewn in Fig 1 upon which is also shewn the screw
bolt and nuts, parallel with the revolving shaft, by means of which the hollow or
external cone or conical pulley is set or adjusted.
Fig 3 is a cross section of the mouth of the cone on Fig 1 viewed from the front
of the Loom and shews the clothed pieces or jaws held together by bars and springs
and the second or inner cone or conical pulley enclosed between them with the
spring bar connecting the hollow or external cone or conical pulley with the side
or gable of the Loom and. Fig 4. is a horizontal section of the revolving shaft, the
second or inner cone or conical pulley, and the disc or clutch and one of the feather
keys upon which it slides.
, a, a, are the gables of the Loom. b, is the yarn beam with the bevel wheel
or pinion, c, gearing into the bevel wheel or pinion, d, upon the revolving shaft e.
f, f, are the pieces or jaws forming the hollow or external cone or conical pulley
and the bored bracket, attached by the spring bar or lever, h, to the slotted lng
or snug of the bearing or bracket v. i, i, are the bars and k, k, are the springs
holding together the pieces or jaws f, f. l, is the screw bolt, parallel with the
revolving shaft e, and passing through the plate or snug, m, attached to the bored
bracket g.
n. n, are the nuts on the screw bolt, l, by which the position of the
hollow or external cone or conical pulley is adjusted. o, o, are the clothings
of the pieces or jaws f, f. p, is the second or inner cone or conical pulley. ris
the disc or clutch and 8 is the lever by which it is thrown into and out of gear
with the tapered part of the cone or conical pulley p. is the hand wheel for
turning back the yarn beam.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed we would have it to be understood that we do not claim
the exclusive use of a horizontal revolving shaft and bevel toothed wheels or
pinions or of external and internal adjustable cones or conical pulleys and brackets

page_text: or of springs, discs or clutches and levers except when the same are constructed
and arranged specially and employed in the manner herein before described nor
do we claim the use of shafts, hand or other wheels or pinions, clothed or other
breaks, springs, bolts or levers, nor of any of the separate mechanical parts which
form the apparatus employed by us but we claim.
1st The use in Looms of a revolving shaft in gear with the yarn beam and
constructed and employed substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-.
before described and shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed.
2ndly The use in Looms of cones or conical pulleys constructed and employed
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described and shewn
in the drawings hereunto annexed.
3rdly The use in Looms of a disc or clutch constructed, actuated and employed
substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn
on the drawings hereunto annexed
4thly The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the compound
automatic apparatus above mentioned constructed and applied substantially in the
manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings
on the sheet hereunto annexed.
In Witness whereof we the said William Richard Stitt and Joseph Lees have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Twenty eighth day of November in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty two.