IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND FASTENINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Loysel, of Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
AND FASTENINGS."
Sealed the 10th October 1862, and dated the 19th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Loysel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1862.
I, EDWARD LOYSEL, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, 'Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS AND FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Locks" and Fastenings relates to various
improvements on an Invention for which I obtained Letters Patent bearing
date 17th July, 1860, No. 1731.
. In the former Invention two, three, or more divided cylinders are employed,
and in the ends of these cylinders were made holes to receive a series of pins
fixed on the face of a circular plate attached to the central spindle. A number
of false notches or holes, as well as the proper notches to receive the pins,
were made for the purpose of deceiving any person who attempted to pick the
lock. It has been found by experience that a skilful person can, with a little
care, discover by feeling where the pins should be placed, and need not be very
greatly deceived by the false notches. By means of the present Invention I

page_text: am enabled to give unqualified security to the lock so as to render it impossible
by merely feeling to place the parts in their proper position.
By my first improvement I am enabled to dispense with the false notches
or holes on the cylinders, and I adapt to the latter sets of pins which corre-
spond with holes made in two circular plates, one of which may be rotated,
while the other being fixed to the central spindle remains stationary until the
spindle is drawn back.
Another improvement consists in dispensing with the pins on the spindle
plate, and employing in combination with the latter a rotating plate, in both of
which plates coincident holes are made to receive the pins of the cylinders.
In my former Invention the pins on the spindle plate were of different
lengths, depending upon the position of the cylinders, but in the improved lock
all the pins of all the cylinders are made with their outer ends on exactly the
same level, so that their position in reference to the holes in the circular plates
cannot be felt or known until all the pins of all the cylinders are brought into
the proper position for unlocking the bolt. The rotating plate in which the
holes are made is actuated by means of a pin fixed in either of the cylinders,
and this plate is placed between the flush pins and the holes, so that until the
holes in both plates are brought into coincidence the pins cannot be inserted..
These locks may be adapted to various purposes, either for safes, drawers,
doors, portmanteaus, or bags, where security is required. The present im-
provements are also applicable to padlocks. In small locks for bags and cash
boxes the locking bolt is attached to a cylinder which encloses the principal
working parts, and this cylinder is fixed on the central spindle. The catch or
link is cast in one piece. By this arrangement great strength is obtained.
The bolt is made to spring so as to serve as a spring catch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Loysel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LOYSEL, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, send
greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant

page_text: unto me, the said Edward Loysel, Her special license that I, the said Edward
Loysel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I;
the said. Edward Loysel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should'
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all.
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"İMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND FASTENINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others), that I, the said Edward Loysel; by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed.in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Loysel, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in. what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in Locks and Fastenings" relates to various
improvements on an Invention for which I obtained Letters Patent, bearing
date Seventeenth July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty, No. 1781.
In some of the locks. described in the Specification of my former Patent;
two, three, or more divided cylinders were employed, and in the ends of these
cylinders were made holes to receive a series of pins fixed on the face of a
circular plate attached to the central spindle. A number of false notches or
holes as well as the proper notches to receive the pins were made for the
purpose of deceiving any person who attempted to pick the lock. It has been
found by experience that a skilful person can with care discover (by feeling)
where the pins should be placed, and need not.be very greatly deceived by the
false notches. The object of the present Invention is to obviate this objection
and to give unqualified security to the lock so as to render it impossible by
merely feeling to place the parts in their proper position.
.
By my first improvement I am enabled to dispense with. the false notches
or holes on the cylinders, and I adapt to the latter sets of pins which
correspond with holes made in two circular plates, one of which may be
rotated while the other is. secured to the central spindle and other parts in
such manner that it cannot rotate, but will remain stationary until the spindle
is drawn back.

page_text: Another improvement consists in dispensing with the pins on the spindle
plate and employing in combination with the latter a rotating plate, in both of
which plates coincident holes are made to receive the pins of the cylinders.
In my former Invention the pins on the spindle plate were of different lengths,
depending upon the position of the cylinders, but in the improved lock all the
pins of all the cylinders are made with their outer ends on exactly the same
level, so that their position in reference to the holes in the circular plates can
not be felt or known until all the pins of all the cylinders are brought into the
proper position for unlocking the bolt. The rotating plate in which the holes
are made is actuated by means of a pin fixed in either of the cylinders, and
this plate is placed between the flush pins and the holes, so that until the
holes in both plates are brought into coincidence the pins cannot be inserted.
These locks may be adapted to various purposes either for safes, drawers,
doors, portmanteaus, or bags, where security is required. In small locks for
bags and cash boxes the locking bolt is attached to a cylinder which encloses
the principal working parts, and this cylinder is fixed on the central spindle.
The catch or link is cast in one piece. By this arrangement great strength
is obtained. The bolt is made to spring so as to serve as a spring catch.
In the accompanying Drawing, I have shewn various views of two forms
of lock constructed according to my present improvements.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a lock suitable for an iron safe. Fig 2 is a
plan or end view of the same, with one of the end plates removed. Fig. 3
is a sectional elevation of the lock, the casing a, a, only being shewn in section
b, b, 61, 6¹, are a series of concentric cylinders, which may be called the com
bination cylinders, and are divided in the middle into two parts, as shewn
in Fig. 1. The outer ends of these cylinders are provided or marked with
letters or figures, so that they may be arranged in any desired order as
described in the Specification of my former Patent, before referred to. The
upper, or inner parts, or ends 6', 6', of all these cylinders.are on the same
level, and are provided with a series of pins, or studs c, c, which when brought
into any pre-arranged order, will take into corresponding holes made in the
circular plates or discs d, di, which are mounted on the central key spindle
e of the lock. The upper end of this spindle e carries a key or instrument for
shooting the bolt f of the lock, and the opposite end of this spindle is provided
with a knob, or handle g, whereby it may be turned in either direction to
shoot the bolt when the combination cylinders have been brought into their
proper position.
Both the plates d and d are perforated with holes, but
these holes will only be coincident in one position of the plates, and it is only
when the plates are brought into this position, that the pius c of the cylinders,

page_text: can be inserted. The circular plate or disc d is provided at its edges with
two projecting pins or studs, which take into notches cut in the case of the
lock, so that the plate d may be moved up and down on the spindle <, but
cannot rotate thereon. The other plate d' is countersunk in the plate d,
and moves up and down with it, and is moreover capable of turning on its
axis therein. Both these plates have a number of holes made in, them, which
must be brought into coincidence, as before mentioned, before the pins on
the cylinders can be inserted therein, and as the one plate d¹ is capable of
moving on the other one d, and as it is only in one position that the pins cans be
inserted, it follows that the inner plate & will form a shield to prevent access
to the other plate d, until the rotating plate dis brought into its proper
position. The rotating plate d' is moved on its centre by means of a long pin h,
on one of the cylinders, which forms part of the combination on which the
lock can be opened, and therefore this cylinder, and its pin, as well as each
of the others, must be brought into its proper position, and by that means
bring the holes. of the two plates into coincidence before all the pins on the
cylinders b', 6', can be passed into the holes in both the plates so as to admit
of the two plates d and d¹ being drawn back for the purpose of bringing the
key into a position to shoot the bolt. In order to hold the cylinders tempo-
rarily in any position, when turned round from the outside, they have a number
of notches made round them, as shewn in the detached view Fig. 5. and
into these notches take spring catches i, which hold them, while the other
cylinders are being moved round to complete the combination. Fig. 6 is a
side elevation of a bag lock constructed according to my present improvements.
Fig. 7 is an end or side elevation. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal vertical section,
and Fig. 9 a plan view of the same. a, a, represent the frame or box of
the lock, in which are placed two, three, or more divided combination cylinders
b, b, the lower halves of which have two notches made in them to receive
the arms of a key c', which is shewn detached in plan at Fig. 10, and is
made fast on the spindle e. On the lower end of this spindle e is a box
j, which is provided on each side with a projecting piece k, which takes into a
notch on a semicircular piece (shewn detached at Fig. 11), fixed to the
opposite side of the bag. A helical spring m, Fig. 8, serves to keep the spindle
up when relieved from the catch block l. The operation of these parts is as
follows: In order to allow the spindle e and boxj to rise so as to bring the
projecting piece k of the box ; opposite the open part of the semicircular
piece l, as shewn in Figures 7 and 11, the combination cylinders b, b, must
be brought into such a position that the key e¹ can enter the notches at the
lower end of the combination cylinders. The belical spring m will then push
...

page_text: up the spindle e, and the parts attached thereto, and by bringing the projecting
catch piece k opposite the open notch of the semicircular piece / by pressing
down the spindle e, half way, the two parts of the hinged frame of the mouth
of the bag may be drawn apart. In order to close the bag the semicircular
piece is to be brought against the catch piece k, which will spring into its
place, and will hold the two parts together, but in order to lock the bag
the spindle e must be pushed down to its farthest extent so as to relieve
the key piece e¹ from the notches in the cylinders b, b. These latter may
then be turned round from the outside, and the bag cannot then be opened
until they are brought back into their original position.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Locks, and
Fastenings," and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I would observe that as several of the parts of the locks shewn in the Drawing
are similar in principle of construction and operation to corresponding parts
shewn and described in the Specification of my former Patent before men-
tioned, I have not deemed it necessary to give any detailed description of
such parts in the present Specification, but I claim as the Invention secured
to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the combination of the two perforated
dises or plates d, d', with the cylinders 6, and their pins c and h, as herein
set forth.
In reference to the bag lock, I claim the general arrangement or combina-
tion of parts herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Loysel, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of October, in the year. of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
EDWARD LOYSEL. (L.S.)