matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PABRICS APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES FOR WHICH AIR-PROOP AND WATER-PROOF FABRICS ARE USUALLY EMPLOYED
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Blomeley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August 1856.
I, EDWIN BLOMELEY, of Fernhill Mill, Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PABRICS APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES FOR
WHICH AIR-PROOP AND WATER-PROOF FABRICS ARE USUALLY EMPLOYED," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a fabric which may be used for
various purposes, such as for packing goods that require protection from water,
for tarpauling, and other purposes where a water-proof or air-proof material is
required.
The process of manufacture consists in subjecting pulp cloth, or paper cloth,
or paper mounted on cloth to the action of any suitable oil or other prepara-
tion, such as solutions of caoutchouc, gutta percha, or other analogous gums,
either alone or in combination with other substances. By causing the paper or
paper cloth to imbibe and become completely saturated with any of these
water-repellent substances the fabric will be rendered water-proof and air-
proof, and may be used for a variety of purposes, as it will possess considerable.
strength.
I do not intend to confine myself to any particular mode of manufacturing the.

page_text: pulp or paper cloth, or of attaching the paper to cloth or a woven fabric for the
purpose of giving the paper strength and tenacity, as pulp or paper cloth made
by any of the known means may be rendered water-proof and air-proof by my
process above referred to. I prefer, however, to use for the purposes of my
Invention a compound fabric made on a new plan, and which constitutes the
second part of my present improvements. By my improved plan, I take paper
made in a long length and rolled up into the form of a cylinder for convenience,
and damp or wet the same until it is rendered quite soft. I also prepare an
open work fabric or web of a length corresponding to the paper, and rolled up
into a cylinder like the paper; the paper and cloth are then placed in a
-machine and unwound, and the faces of the two fabrics are firmly pressed
together, by passing them between rollers, or by any other convenient con-
trivance, whereby they may be made to adhere and form a firm compound
substance. If thought desirable, a small quantity of paste or other glutinous
or adhesive matter may be employed to assist in causing the two materials to
adhere together.
For some purposes it may be found convenient to attach the two materials
together by means of some water-proof substance, such as a preparation of
caoutchouc or gutta percha, either alone or in combination with other
substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1856

page_text: し
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by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Avril at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1856.
I, VICTOR AVRIL, of Paris, in the French Empire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in refining crude metal, and in couverting crude or
cast iron into malleable iron and steel on its issuing from the blast fur-
nace, and while still in a liquid and heated state, by treating it either with
chlorate of potassa (chlorate de potasse KO. Cl. O'), or with nitrate of potassa
(azotate de potasse KO. Az. O'). These salts liberate a quantity of oxygen
in the hot mass of crude metal, refine it, decarbonize it, and effect its conver-
sion into steel or malleable iron. When chlorate of potassa is used, the
chlorate of potassium will be decomposed, and the chlorine will be volatilized
and combine with the sulphur, phosphorous, and silicium contained in the
metal, and pass off; the potassium will combine with the slag. Nitrate of
potassium will be decomposed in a similar manner. I prefer to introduce the
crude metal from the blast furnace into a cupola chamber or receptacle in a
thin stream, adding at the same time chlorate or nitrate of potassa; a layer
thereof should also be placed at the bottom of the chamber before introducing

page_text: the metal, and also on the top; the metal will immediately be heaved up or
agitated. When the agitation ceases, the slag should be removed and the
metal is ready to be run into bars or moulds. The degree of decarbonization
will be regulated by the quantity of the chlorate or nitrate of potassa. I
sometimes add to the chlorate or nitrate a certain quantity of peroxide of
manganese. In this Invention I avail myself of the heat in the metal when
it issues from the blast furnace, and I dispense with the employment of
metallic oxides.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LUBRICATING CARRIAGE AND OTHER AXLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Graves and William Frederick
Henson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th April 1856.
WC, JOHN GRAVES, of the City of London, Gentleman, and WILLIAM
FREDERICK HENSON, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declaro the nature of my said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LUBRICATING CARRIAGE AND OTHER AXLES, to be as follows:-
My said improvements consist in a novel construction of the journals of axles,
and of the grease boxes connected therewith applicable for railway carriage
axles, and other axles requiring continuous lubrication.
I form on or affix to the journals of the axles one or more rings or annular
ribs, which dipping in the oil or grease in the bottom of the grease box, will
always raise a sufficient quantity while rotating to lubricate the journals, for
while the lower part of the rings or ribs are receiving oil, the upper portion
will be distributing it from each side on the journals.
The rings or ribs may be solid or hollow and vary in depth, and be square-
edged, rounded, or otherwise formed. Sometimes I groove them and insert
leather or other suitable material to increase the quantity of oil raised. I also
recommend to furnish two or more friction rollers in the bottom of the grease
boxes to afford a bearing to the rings or ribs on the journals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR CARVING AND FIGURING WOOD
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Holden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1856.
I, JONATHAN HOLDEN, of Halifax, in the County of York, Printer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING OR CARVING AND FIGURING WOOD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in producing wood letters, and other figures and
devices in wood, by means of cutters caused to revolve and guided by tracers;
the cutters and tracers are connected to the ends of a lever or levers. The
tracers revolve over a model of the figure to be cut, placed upon a table caused
to revolve under the tracers or upon a moveable bed, and the cutters act upon
the wood to be figured, which is placed upon a corresponding table or bed
under the cutters, and caused to partake of a similar motion to that imparted
to the model bed. I take two horizontal tables turning on vertical axes, and
made to revolve at the same speed; I place the models on one, and the wood
to be cut on the other; I mount as many spindles over each table as I can
work together; or I mount only one, two, or as many more spindles as may
be found convenient. In an experimental machine I have placed 11 spindles
over each table, and the tables being 3 feet 8 inches in diameter, the spindles
are two inches apart, and have only to slide that distance for every part of the
tables to have passed under them. The spindles over one table are connected

page_text: to those over the other by levers. The: mode of operation is this :-Having
placed the models, which I prefer to be of iron, on one table, and the wood
on the other, I cause both tracer spindles and cutter spindles to be driven at
a high velocity; when the spindles are fairly in motion, I cause the tables
to revolve at a low speed. As the tables revolve, they carry every part of
the model under the tracers, and corresponding parts of the wood under the
cutters. As the raised portions of the model pass under the tracers, they raise
the tracers under which they happen to be, and cause a corresponding
depression of thosa cutters which are connected with the raised tracers, which
cut out a portion of the wood corresponding to the raised surface the tracers
have passed over. The cutters and tracers are both fixed on slides attached
to each other, and move a little at once in a similar manner to the tool of
a common iron planing machine. By the method described I obtain a
reversed copy, that is, if the figure in the models be sunk, the copy on the
wood will be raised. If I want to work from a copy in relief I use a compound
lever. I do not confine myself to the use of revolving tables, as a bed or
rather two beds attached to each other, moving backwards and forwards in
the manner of a planing machine, would also answer for the purposes of my
Invention.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRO- PELLING RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES UP INCLINES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Reynell de Castro, of the City of
Manchester, Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRO-
PELLING RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES UP INCLINES." A communication.
Sealed the 4th November 1856, and dated the 21st May 1856.
pursuance of
conditions
ewers atent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Reynell
de Castro at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st May 1856.
I, JOSEPH HENRY REYNELL DE CASTRO, of the City of Manchester, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF PROPELLING RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES UP INCLINES" (a communication
from abroad) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in causing a current of water to infringe against
the floats or paddles of a wheel, which is fixed on the same axle as the driving
wheels of the carriage to be propelled. In performing this Invention the
current of water is conveyed through an open trough somewhat wider than
the floats or paddles of the wheel, which is fixed on the axle of the driving
wheels, and these wheels are supported on trams or rails or other guides laid
down at each side of the trough. The current of water in descending the

page_text: trough causes the paddle wheel to revolve, thereby turning the driving wheels
round, and propelling the railway or other carriage up the incline.. Or, the
paddle wheel, instead of being fast on the axle of the driving wheels, may be
connected in any other manner to tho carriage to be propelled.
IN- PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRE FLUES AND PASSAGES OF STEAM BOILERS, FOR FACILITATING AND IMPROVING THE COMBUSTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
.by.the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Gill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January 1856.
I, RICHARD GILL, of Grove Terrace, Pomeroy Street, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the .said Invention for IN-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRE FLUES AND
PASSAGES OF STEAM BOILERS, FOR FACILITATING AND IMPROVING THE COMBUSTION OF
SMOKE, to be as follows:-
My improvements in steam boilers, for attaining a better combustion of
smoke, consists in the construction and arrangement of the fire flues and
passages, so that the fire is divided into two parts, each furnished with a
separate flue or passage to the chimney, and also with return flues or passages,
whereby tho smoke and flamo from one part or division of the fire is brought
back to and passed through the other division of the fire, which at the same
time is in a bright incandescent state, and by which the combustion of the
smoke will be rendered perfect. To effect this, I divide tho usual fire of a
cornish or other boiler into two parts or fires, by a water space or other
suitable partition, as also the flue to the chimney. I further divide the ash-
pit into two parts, and fit each with a door to exclude the air when required.
The smoke box receiving the products of combustion after passing through the

page_text: boiler is also divided into two parts, cach communicating with its return fluc,
which crosses over and returns to the ash-pit of the other fire, each also having
a communication with the chimney. These communications with the return
flues and chimney are fitted with valves or dampers, to control the passage
of tho smoke. The return flues may be in brickwork exterior of the boiler,
or consist of tubes through the boiler.
When coals are to be thrown upon one division of the fire, the fireman
shuts the ash-pit door of the other division of the fire which should have
attained an incandescent state; he at the same time, by suitable rods or other
gear, shuts off the communication with the chimney of the smoke box of the
firo he is about to stoke, and open its communication with the ash-pit of the
incandescent fire, so that when coals are thrown on and smoke evolved, it is
constrained to return to the ash-pit of the other division of the fire, and to
pass through that division of the fire before any escape to the chimney can
take place. By thus returning from the smoke box to the bright incandescent
fire, the smoke is for the most part consumed.
This disposition and arrangement of the flies is maintained until the fire
last stoked becomes bright, or does not emit any more smoke than will be
consumed in passing through its own flues or tubes, when. the respective
communications between the chimney and the divisions of the fire may be
again established.
AN IMPROVED LAMP OIL
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Blanche Palmire Mosqueron Vilcoq
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
3rd October 1856.
I, BLANCHE PALMIRE MOSQUERON, Widow, VILCOQ, of Paris (Empire of
France), & of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LAMP OIL," to be as follows;
and consists of an improved oil, which I wish to be called zoliphus oil,
deriving its name from the mineral, vegetable, and animal bodies it consists
of; its principal ingredient being, however, rosin oil.
It is well known that rosin oil yields but a fuliginous light, spreading about a
strong odour, which renders it unfit for domestic lighting, and that it would
require besides a special lamp or apparatus. After many an experiment I find
that rosin oil, suitably refined and combined with other oils and substances,
may be appropriated to lighting purposes at a cheap rate even in lamps com-
monly used, and I have ascertained that a proper admixture of resin, colza,
lignite, palm, seram oils, tallow, or oleine, &c. was productive of the best results.
Such results, in order to be attained, required a new mode or process of refining
and deodorizing such substance. This I effect by a longer boiling with injection
of water diluted with some lye water. By these means, and in forming the
above mixture, besides the advantages already mentioned, it will appear that
a saving or nearly one-third in the consumption is effected, for in the very

page_text: time that sixteen parts, for instance, of any ordinary oil are consumed, ten
parts only of my improved oil will suffice, hence there is an economy in the
consumption. The zoliphus oil will burn without spreading more odour or
generating more smoke than any of the oils commonly used, but it will yield
a light far superior. This new combination therefore unites all desirable
advantages, since it affords an economical beautiful light, and excludes the
objectionable inconveniences inseparable to this day from the use of rosin oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS FOR SOLDERING METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: FLUULLO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Orange Wildman White-
house and Joseph Christopher Laws at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st October 1856.
We, EDWARD ORANGE WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE, of London, Gentleman, and
JOSEPH CHRISTOPHER LAWS, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TOOLS FOR SOLDERING METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of tools for soldering
metals, whereby they are kept constantly heated in a simple and economical
manner. According to this Invention the "bitt" or soldering end of the tool
is heated by a jet of gas, placed either inside or externally to the "bitt," the
gas, for supplying such jet being brought to the soldering tool by means of a
flexible tube connected with any conveniently situated gas fitting.
One convenient mode of effecting this object is by conveying the gas through
a tube in the handle of the tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES, OR IN THE MEANS OF REMOVING NOXIOUS GASES THEREPROM, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wadsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1856.
I, JAMES WADSWORTH, of Hazelgrove, near Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES, OR IN THE MEANS OF REMOVING
NOXIOUS GASES THEREPROM, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR
THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention consists in a method or process for removing
gases or vapors from the higher cavities of mines (wherein by reason of their
low specific gravity they generally accumulate), and directing them into some
adjacent air course, by the atmospheric current of which they are carried off
and dissipated. I accomplish this by the use of an air pump, bellows, or fan,
placed by means of pipes in communication with the reservoir of gas on the
one hand, and with the air passage on the other.
The design and arrangement of a portable apparatus for conveniently
carrying on the above process forms the second part of the Invention. This
apparatus consists in a suitable pump, bellows, or fan, mounted on wheels,
adapted to the tramways laid down to facilitate the removal of the minerals
from the workings. On the same wheels or frame are placed boxes or com-
partments for stowing lengths of flexible pipe or hose to convey the gas from

page_text: its place of deposit to the pump or bellows, and thence to the air gate. The
whole apparatus, including stands or suspenders for supporting the pipes, is
thus arranged within the compass of a small carriage, easily removeable from
one part of the mine to another, as occasion may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Diment, of the City of Bristol, Plasterer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS."
Sealed the 25th April 1856, and dated the 21st February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Diment at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1856.
I, JAMES DIMENT, of the City of Bristol, Plasterer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
cements. And the improvements consist in combining sulphate of zinc and
lime with plaster of paris (gypsum calcined); also mixing, when desired,
with such combination, fatty and oily matters, magnesia, French chalk, or
sand..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSIERY GOODS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
t...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harby Barber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1856.
I, HARBY BARBER, of Belgrave, near Leicester, Manufacturer of Hosiery, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSIERY GOODS, to be as follows:-
T
This Invention relates, firstly, to a mode of facilitating the placing of the
thread which forms the "setting on" upon the needles of knitting machinery.
Instead of lapping the thread round the needles, as is now the custom, I
propose to place it upon a bar suitably provided with pins or wire to receive
the thread, and to transfer the "setting on " thence to the needles. In making
an elastic "setting on," the thread passes over two needles and returns back
over one; it then passes over two more, making the like return, and so on.
The bar to carry this "setting on" will have the pins or wires arranged in
groups of four, so as to form the thread into loops, which will go round every
other needle in the frame when slipped off the bar on to the needles. I also
propose to run on to the needles this same loop, made in a continuous length,
with the edges bound up (so as to keep the loop in form) by a very slight

page_text: thread, which being afterwards broken will not interfere with the elastic
character of the "setting on."
The Invention relates, secondly, to a more ready mode of placing a ribbed
or other top on a circular frame. This is effected by first placing it on a
circular bar supplied with coverers to correspond with the needles and gauge of
the frame, which bar is jointed to enable it to be opened out to form as nearly
as possible a straight line; the top is to be placed upon this bar; I then close
it into a circle, and place it on the needles of the circular frame, and draw the
top from the coverers on to the frame.
This Invention relates, thirdly, to a mode of obtaining a better mixture of
colored threads than is now obtained in knitting frames. This I effect by
giving a rotary motion to the bobbins or spools which contain the threads at
the time of manufacturing the fabric, and I thereby twist the threads
together.
I have found, where the spools are used direct from the spinning frame (to
save the usual expense of winding), there is great difficulty in getting the jacks
to fall, in consequence of the thread not.coming off freely. I propose, there-
fore, to draw it off by means of a bar, placed across the frame in a suitable
position as regards the spools or bobbins, the fall of the bar being effected by
the motion of the frame after the jacks are drawn, and being caused to draw
off a sufficient quantity to supply the jacks for the next course, the bar rising
as the jacks require to be supplied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MUSIC
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Scheurmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 17th May.
1856.
I, GUSTAV SCHEURMANN, of 86, Newgate Street, in the City of London,
Music Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MUSIC," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist firstly, in the use of solid and mathematical
characters, by which a very great saving of labour is effected in comparison
with the modes hitherto in use, which characters likewise contain all declivities,
in a solid form, necessary for printing music to any required length and angle,
and which characters are cast partly in common moulds, and partly in moulds
especially constructed for this purpose. My improvements consist further in
a press so constructed that by mechanical agency the paper is brought in
contact first with the rules (to produce the impressions of the lines) and then
with the characters; or, first with the characters, and then with the rules; or,
a stereotyped cast of the characters and lines may be taken so as to print the
whole at one operation in any common press, or with the characters and rules
at the same time.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ROASTING COFFEE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Berlette at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1856.
I, HENRY BERLETTE, of Boulogne-sur-Mer, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR ROASTING COFFEE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention, which has for its object the roasting of coffee by an improved
apparatus, consists in preserving the strength and aroma of the coffee, by
causing it to be roasted in closed cylindrical chambers or vessels, in place of
open ones, as at present, whereby a saving of from 12 to 14 per cent. may
be effected in the strength. For this object, I cause two cylindrical chambers
or vessels to be mounted horizontally upon suitable bearings, vertically, one
above the other, and to revolve through the intervention of tooth and pinion
gear by hand-power or otherwise. The upper cylinder, in which the coffee is
roasted, must be of metal, and the lower one, in which it is afterwards placed
for being impregnated with the essence or aroma, must also be of metal, but
lined with wood or other suitable material. A pipe, communicating by hollow
trunnions to the interior of each of the metallic cylinders, is secured to the
fixed framing of the apparatus, and the essence or aroma, by evaporation or
otherwise, conducted of transmitted through the pipe and trunnions from the

page_text: upper to the lower cylinder to be taken up by the coffee already roasted, and
which has been placed there for the reception of the aroma, by which the
coffee is fit for use. The essence or aroma of the coffee by the above process
may be also collected in a liquid form, and advantageously employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INSULATION AND PROTECTION OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1856.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INSULATION AND PROTECTION OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in insulating the conducting medium by covering it
with alternate layers of gutta percha, or a compound thereof, and a fibrous
material. For the most part I prefer to wind around the conducting medium
one or more strips or ribbons of gutta percha, over which I lay a coating of
silk or cotton, and over this second covering I again wind strips or ribbons
of gutta percha, and so on successively to any desired number of layers.
I sometimes subject the conducting medium, when covered with gutta percha
strips or ribbons, to a temperature that will render the insulating substance
adhesive or plastic, and whilst in that state compress the convolutions together
by any suitable means of pressure. When a number of conductors are
required together, as in some telegraph cables, I form a bundle, or strand, or
rope of conductors, each of which is seperately covered with gutta percha and
a fibrous material, and then I inclose such bundle, or strand, or rope in a tube
or covering of gutta percha or other insulating substance. In this manner
I produce a more compact and close core of conductors then is done in the
ordinary mode of construction.

page_text: Another mode by which I insulate the conducting medium is by laying or
winding around it seperate coverings of gutta percha and caoutchouc, cloth,
or felt, and causing the successive layers to unite or adhere together by means
of a suitable heat and compression. I likewise insulate or cover one con-
ducting medium by winding another (and, by preference, a smaller one)
conducting medium spirally around it, one or both of the conductors being
covered with a fibrous or insulating material. Conductors insulated or laid
together in this way are well adapted for the production of powerful induced
currents of electricity, and may be formed into a coil with or without a core
of iron, and of any desired shape or size. I also insulate and protect electric
conductors, and render them suitable for telegraphic purposes, especially for
laying down under ground in hot or tropical countries, by surrounding them
with a fibrous covering (either combined or not combined with a non-con-
ducting gum), and then inclose the so covered medium in a tube or wrapper
of lead. And I increase the means of affording protection to electric con-
ductors, when contained in a metal rope or cable, by passing such rope or cable
through a composition of tar and cement, or lime, or other mixture, which will
fill the interstices between the outer wires, and set or form a concrete when
the rope or cable is laid down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING IRONSTONES AND ORES, AND IN FURNACES USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Dalton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1856.
I, ALFRED DALTON, of Chester, Iron Master, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMELTING IRONSTONES AND ORES, AND IN
FURNACES USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in introducing atmospheric air or steam, under
pressure, into the hearth or lowest part of furnaces used for the smelting of
ironstones and ores, near to the bottom of such furnaces, and beneath the surface
of the melted metals produced, and in raising the opening for the discharge of
the melted metal externally to such a height as to allow a large quantity of the
melted materials to be always present in the bottom of the furnace; but inter-
nally this opening is recommended to be at the bottom of the furnace, so that
the iron produced may be drawn from the lowest point; and in the use of
metallic iron as a flux to aid in reviving the iron in the ironstones and ores
used in such furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR SPINNING COTTON-WASTE AND SILK-WASTE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters atent was no
by the Act.)
given
P
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Blackburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1856.
I, THOMAS BLACKBURN, of Brighouse, in the West Riding of the County of
York, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR SPINNING COTTON-WASTE AND SILK-WASTE,"
to be as follows:-
Heretofore in preparing cotton-waste for spinning it has been the practice to
first subject the same to the action of a machine called a "hard waste breaking
machine," from which it was then taken and passed through or submitted to
the operation of a "carding engine," and afterwards taken to the "drawing
boxes" or "drawing frames," where it was formed into slivers for the spinning
process; but I have found that I can dispense with the use of the carding
engine in such preparing, and by applying or affixing a "sliver tin" to the
hard waste breaker, and attaching or employing in connection therewith
"drawing boxes." I connect or combine the several machines into one;
and prepare cotton-waste and silk-waste at one operation, whereby I greatly
facilitate the process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ZINC OR SPELTER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darlington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1856.
I, JOHN DARLINGTON, of 6, Albert Street, in the Parish of Newington, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ZINC OR SPELTER,
to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists in taking the oxide of zinc, as it may be
produced from the ores of zinc, and cause it to pass through a fire either
enclosed in a furnace, or in a tube made of clay or any other suitable material.
This tube may be laid horizontally, inclined, or vertically, and filled either with
coke, charcoal, coal, or any other applicable fuel. The said tube may be
heated artificially or surrounded by a fire, and thus cause such chemical
reaction to take place with the oxide of zinc and the fuel within the furnace,
or with the fuel enclosed in the tube, that it shall thereby produce vapours of
metallic zinc, which I condense or solidify into metal by means of a suitable
apparatus arranged for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Barnard and David Lich-
tenstadt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th December 1856.
We, DANIEL BARNARD and DAVID LICHTENSTADT, of 29, High Street,
Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and employment of certain ingredients,
herein-after mentioned, as a substitute for the dogs' dung now commonly used
for the purpose of softening the hides or skins in the process of tanning. The
ingredients proposed to be employed for the purposes of this Invention are
nitric acid, raw sugar, yeast, and water, in about the following proportions,
namely, nitric acid, 1 part; raw sugar, 12 parts; yeast, 6 parts; and about
half a gallon of water, which may be varied according to the required
strength, the whole being well mixed and incorporated together. The hides
or skins as they come from the lime are immersed in the above compound
mixture, and allowed to remain a longer or shorter period, according to the
degree of softness or pliability required. They are then removed, and com-
pleted by the usual process of tanning.
IMPROVED PREPARATION OR MIXTURE TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA-RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allen Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1856.
I, WILLIAM ALLEN TURNER, of No. 125, Wood Street, Cheapside, in the
City of London, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for Ax IMPROVED PREPARATION OR MIXTURE TO BE USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUNDS OF INDIA-RUBBER OR CAOUTCHOUC, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates particularly to the manufacture of compounds of
india-rubber, known and distinguished as vulcanized india-rubber, and is
designed for preserving the elasticity thereof, and preventing clamminess of
the material, so prevalent with articles in which compounds of india-rubber,
prepared with sulphur, are employed.
The improved preparation or mixture, which constitutes this Invention, is
composed of a combination of the following ingredients, matters, or substances,
namely, genuine bismuth, ordinary lead, virgin tin, and sulphur, in about the
following proportions, namely, of genuine bismuth, 5 parts; ordinary lead, 3
parts; these are melted separately, and mixed together with half their weight
of sulphur. In using the above mixture, I mix 10 pounds of the same with
30 pounds of india-rubber or caoutchouc.
The above proportions of the ingredients composing the mixture may be
varied, according to the purpose to which the compound of india-rubber is to
be applied, without departing from the novel and improved character of the
above preparation or mixture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOPORTES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawford Huxtable at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1856.
I, LAWFORD HUXTABLE, of Number 56, Saint Michael's Hill, in the City and
County of Bristol, Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOPORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging the cases of pianofortes in such a
manner that they can be opened and closed by a treddle or other apparatus at
the command of the performer, so as to modulate the sound as he may desire.
It is preferred in carrying out this Invention that the top or front of the
case of the instrument should be formed of a series of narrow boards, each
mounted on an axis, and having au arm or arms projecting from it at the
back, which arms are jointed to a rod or rods so arranged as to receive motion
from a treddle. Thus it will be seen that the motion of the treddle will be
communicated to the boards forming the top or front of the case, and they will
be caused to turn on their axes, and so to open or close the case to a greater
or less degree, as the performer may desire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: geven
the como preservew
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," communicated
by Victor Cantillon, residing in Belgium, to be as follows:-
This system consist in obtaining from an equal quantity of burnt coke a
dynamic effect four or five times greater than is at present obtained in steam-
engines, by utilizing the caloric obtained from the combustion of coke; firstly,
in permitting compressed air to dilate or expand while passing through the
fuel (in the furnace) in a state of combustion, and causing it from thence to
act as a motive power by its pression upon a piston; and next, by obtaining a
quantity of steam proportionate to the burnt coke, by the heat given out by
the air dilating or expanding in its passage through tubes or conduits forming
the heating surface; over all processes in which the expansion of air has been
hitherto used as a motive power this will offer the advantage of using high
pressure; and as all parts of the machine in contact with fire or hot air will
be surrounded by water, no danger need be feared from the high temperature
produced by the passage of compressed air through the coke in combustion.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN JACQUARD LOOMS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lane at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1856. A communication from Chevalier Edward di San Second, of
Turin.
I, JOSEPH LANE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JACQUARD LOOMS," which has been communicated to me by Chevalier
Edward di San Second, of Turin, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the application of a novel arrangement of
mechanism to the jacquard machine, by means of which the pattern or design
is wrought without the use of the ordinary perforated "cards," which are
now commonly employed in connection with the "needles" to work the
figure.
The ordinary chain of "cards" now being dispensed with, a cylinder or
drum is substituted, "and placed in the same situation as the ordinary plain
cylinder now used for moving the cards forward," which cylinder is to be
perforated on its surface with holes, according to the pattern to be worked.
In connection with this perforated or pattern cylinder, and in front of the
jacquard machine, placed above the loom, is a small box or case, containing
as many small vertical bars of iron as there are needles in the jacquard.
These bars are placed side by side in a horizontal line, and secured by two
horizontal bars. From each of these small bars a small cylinder or pin

page_text: projects internally, which hits or acts against the "needle" which is opposite
to it, and which is provided at its extremity with a notch to secure its being
On the other side of each of these small vertical bars there is
a small point, which as the bars extend along the front of the first-named
case or box the points project through the front in a horizontal row, corre-
sponding with each "needle," and this order or row of points is parallel to
axis of the perforated pattern cylinder or drum. The perforated cylinder is
turned or moved to suit the working of the pattern by a crank and levers,
attached to and actuated by the loom, and is also caused to approach to and
recede from the points in the horizontal box in front as required, as in the
ordinary jacquard machine.
The cylinder acts with its holes and with its perforated parts upon this
single series of points, and through them upon the "needles," as the "cards"
do at present upon the several rows of "needles;" and each blow of the loom
corresponds with a line or row of holes, as at present it corresponds to the
"cards; and in case of any mistake in the working of the pattern, this
perforated cylinder is easily caused to rotate in a reverse direction for a few
picks, so as to unweave or rectify the error.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1856.
I, THOMAS MILLS, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer
of Gloves and Fancy Hosiery, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment, in a stocking frame, of one set of
needles or hooks, having a beard at one end and being hooked at the other,
in order to produce fabrics with both sides alike, or with a face on one side
only. I use a slee or comb bar, as a receiving bar, instead of a needle bar;
and to hold the hooked ends of the needles while one part of the course is
being performed, I use a lever bar acted upon by elastic springs; I apply a
comb or slee bar on the front of the frame as a receiving and depositing bar,
and use a lever to fasten the beard ends of the needles during the requisite
time.
My Invention also consists in machinery to be employed with the machinery
herein-before described, or with other arrangements of the stocking frame, for
producing patterns upon looped fabrics. My machinery for producing patterns
consists of a "top machine," worked with points or guides, acted upon by a
revolving cylinder, upon which the required pattern is cut.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dan Saul and Peter Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th November 1856.
We, DAN SAUL, of Swinton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
and PETER WILLIAMS, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, first, to a novel construction of the "bolster "
"bush" used in spinning machines, known as throstles and "doubling frames"
or "machines," and also in "mules;" and, secondly, to a novel arrangement
of the washers employed to regulate the "drag" to the bobbins in throstles
and doubling frames. The novel construction of the bolsters consists in their
being so formed as to bave two bearings or supports for the spindle at a
distance of about two inches from each other, one being at the upper end, and
the other at the lower extremity of the said bolster or bush. Between these
bearings is formed a cavity in the interior of the bolster, which may be filled
with washers, or a tube of flannel or wool, cotton waste, or other material
which will retain the oil used for lubricating the spindle; thus keeping the
spindle properly lubricated, and effecting an economy in the consumption
of oil.

page_text: The second part of our Invention consists in the addition and application of
a metallic "washer" or disc, which is placed between the ordinary washer
cloths employed beneath the revolving bobbins, in order to regulate the
necessary "drag" which is required in throstle spinning upon bobbins or
spools.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATION
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Saint Thomas Clarke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1856.
I, WILLIAM SAINT THOMAS CLARKE, of 29, Charing Cross, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATION" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in effecting the ventilation of rooms and other
places, by the adaptation of apparatus consisting of pipes, tubes, ventiducts;-
and reservoirs, (one, more, or all of them) communicating with the external
atmosphere, such apparatus having sheets or plates of galvanised, aluminised
or coated wire netting, or thin perforated metal, arranged so that "the air,
vapour, &c., passing through the apparatus must pass through such plates & be
infinitely comminuted or divided. This apparatus can be applied as necessity
or convenience may dictate; thus it may be made to introduce fresh air to the
fire, or to carry off foul air from the top of the room, or to introduce air,
hented or otherwise, into a room.