IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to August Schönbeck Ellefsen, of Drontheim, in
the Kingdom of Norway, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 11th February 1873, and dated the 26th August 1872.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said August Schönbeck
Ellefsen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th August 1872.
I, AUGUST SCHÖNBEOK ELLEFSEN, of Drontheim, in the Kingdom of
Norway, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention" for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
generating steam.
The solid fuel used for generating steam is now usually burnt on fire-
bars, and the combustion cannot be rendered complete without admitting
a great excess of atmospheric air, consequently much heat' is lost, and
passes away with the gascous products of the furnace.

page_text: By my Invention I obtain a complete combustion with the admission
of a minimum of atmospheric air.
I combine a gas producer with a steam boiler furnace. Air is admitted
to the gas producer through fire-bars at the bottom, and it is also forced
in through twyeres by a blowing engine. At the bottom of the producer
the fuel burns, and carbonic acid is formed, and this rising through a
layer of from 12 to 18 inches thick of glowing fuel becomes reduced to
carbonic oxide, and it mixes with the hydrocarbonaceous gas and vapours
which are evolved in the upper part of the producer, where the fuel is
first exposed to heat. Partly by the draft and partly by the pressure of
the blast the gases are carried through a side opening into a combustion
chamber. Into the combustion chamber a heated blast is forced through
twycres so arranged as to ensure a thorough admixture of the heated air
with the gases; in this way perfect combustion is obtained.
The annexed Drawings shew apparatus arranged according to my
Invention.
A is the producer, B is the combustion chamber, both of which are
surrounded with water communicating with that of the boiler; C and D
are openings through which fuel can be put into the producer; E is a
door through which the fuel can be stirred, and the grating kept clear of
the ashes and clinkers; F is a pipe that communicates with the hot
blast stove. From this pipe twyeres enter the furnace through the
openings a, a, a. The air for the combustion of the gas is forced into
the combustion chamber by means of a blowing apparatus. The open-
ings a, a, a, should be of such a construction that the blast is spread so
much as possible. G, G, is the opening through which the gases stream
out of the producer into the combustion room. It ought not to be larger
than necessary. b, b', are openings furnished with transparent lids,
through which the machinist and the stokers are always able to observe
the combustion. By opening more or less a valve on the pipe II leading
from the hot blast stove, which is so placed as to receive the heat of the
escaping combustion products, the quantity of air for combustion can be
increased or diminished so that the flame is always white, a sign that the
combustion is complete. c, c, are openings through which hot or cold
air of little pressure can be led into the producer. Besides this, small
openings ought to be placed on the sides of the producer, for the purpose
of pushing down coal that might have been compacted.

page_text: The form of producer shewn in the Drawing is a horizontal cylinder,
which is suitable for turf, turf and coals, or turf, wood, and coals. For
coals only it will perhaps be better to use a vertical truncated cone with.
elliptic base. The Drawings shew the producer combined with a common-
tube boiler.
'
By the arrangement shewn in the adjoined Drawing the following
advantages are obtained :-
1. The heat that results from the production of the gases is partly
taken up by these, and partly by the iron plates of the producer, through
which it will be communicated to the water that surrounds the
producer.
2. The combustible gases will by their complete burning produce
the highest temperature that according to their nature is possible.
3. The volume of the combustion product will be only the half (or
rather less) of what it would be if the same weight of fuel was burnt on
fire-bars.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said August Schönbeck Ellefsen in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 25th February-1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, August
SCHÖNBECK ELLEÈSEN, of Drontheim, in the Kingdom of Norway, send
greeting.
"
I
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said August Schönbeck Ellefsen,
Her special license that I, the said August Schönbeck Ellefsen, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
August Schönbeck Ellefsen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time- and
at all times thereafter during-the term therein expressed, should-and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King.
=
whe

page_text: · ΠΟΙΠΟΛΗΣ

page_text: .
A is the producer, B is the combustion chamber, both of which are
surrounded with water communicating with that of the boiler; C and D
are openings, through which fuel can be put into the producer; E is a
door through which the fuel can be stirred, and the grating kept clear of
the ashes and clinkers; Fis a pipe that communicates with the hot blast
stove. From this pipe tuyeres enter the furnace through the openings
a, a, a. The air for the combustion of the gas is forced into the com-
bustion chamber by means of a blowing apparatus. The openings a, a, a,
should be of such a construction that the blast is spread so much as
possible; G, G, is the opening through which the gases stream out of
the producer into the combustion room. It ought not to be larger than
necessary. b, b', are openings furnished with transparent lids, through
which the machinist and the stokers are always able to observe the com-
bustion. By opening more or less a valve in the pipe H leading from
the hot blast stove, which is so placed as to receive the heat of the
escaping combustion products, the quantity of air for combustion can be
increased or diminished, so that the flame is always white, a sign that
the combustion is complete. c, c, are openings through which hot or
cold air of little pressure can be led into the producer. Besides this,
small openings ought to be placed on the sides of the producer for the
purpose of pushing down coal that might have been compacted.
The form of producer shewn in the Drawing is a horizontal cylinder,
which is suitable for turf, turf and coals, or turf, wood, and coals. For
coals only it will perhaps be better to use a vertical truncated cone with
elliptic base. The Drawings shew the producer combined with a
common tube boiler.
By the arrangement shewn in the adjoined Drawing the following
advantages are obtained :—
1. The heat that results from the production of the gases is partly
taken up by these and partly. by the iron plates of the producer, through
which it will be communicated to the water that surrounds the
producer.
2. The combustible gases will by their complete burning produce
the highest temperature that according to their nature is possible.
3. The volumes of the combustion product will be only the half (or
rather less) of what it would be if the same weight of fuel was burnt on

page_text: fire-bars, in consequence of a smaller quantity of air being required to
obtain complete combustion.
Having thus described. the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I
claim is, the combination with a steam boiler of a gas generator, sub- 5
stantially as described.
I also claim the introduction of air under pressure-into-the-gas:
generator and into the combustion chamber, substantially as described.
I also claim the construction of apparatus for generating steam, sub-
stantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said August. Schönbeck Ellefsen, havo
hereunto set my. hand. and seal, this Fifteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
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