IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER PURPOSES "
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Reid of the City of Glasgow in the County of
Lanark North Britain Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER PURPOSES "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Reid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1882.
PETER REID of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
This Invention has reference to new or improved modes and means of constructing
valves for water and other fluid pumps, specially applicable for air pumps, water
circulating, and other pumps on board of steam ships, and for other purposes where
water or other liquids, and air or other gases require to be drawn or forced; and
which will make such valves more durable and efficient and reliable in their action
than heretofore.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist mainly, or essentially, in
the use of teak and other hard woods, which do not bend or cast, or swell much in
hot or cold water or liquids, in or for the construction of the lids, or moving parts
of said valves, especially in the form of thick discs, such as those of vulcanized
india-rubber, or thick sheet-rubber are at present made and used for such valves.
One mode and means of constructing these valves, and their fittings, consist in
turning or cutting the piece of teak or other hard wood for each valve, preferably
of a parallel, or uniform thickness, to the extreme diameter, or it might be poly-
gonal, or size and shape desired to cover the port in the valve seat, and fit it with
a tight outer hoop or polygonal band for strength, and a central hollow working
busb, or eye, screwed or otherwise secured in the centre, both preferably of good
brass or gun-metal. This central bush might be of the same, or any desired
greater depth than the wood, so as to be bored to fit and slide steadily on the lower
turned part of a brass nut, as a working and steadying centre, passed down through
the bush of the valve, and screwed tight to the working seat or face on to a central
screw stud, first screwed tight into the centre of the seat. The nut being formed
Price Bd1

page_text: with a projecting flat-sided or polygonal head for screwing it tight by, and at
sufficient distance above the eye or bush of the wood valve lid, as to form a stop
collar for it when it lifts off its seat to open to the proper height to give a free
escape of the fluid equivalent to the area of the opening in the valve seat; a pin or
jam nut being secured through, or on the top of the central screw stud, to prevent
the screwed on guide nut from getting loose. It will be understood that the hard
wood part of these valves will be made to project sufficiently out from its outer
hoop or ring and central bush, as always to rest on and form the water, or fluid-
tight joint with the face of the seat when closed down on it.
When these valves are fitted to work at such angles off the vertical line, that
their own weight cannot act in shutting them, then their guiding and retaining
nuts, or stems, are made long enough to have hard drawn brass wire helical or
other metallic springs mounted on them, above their bushes or guide eyes, to assist
in closing them.
It will be further understood that the new hard wood disc parts of this improved
construction of valve lids, may be secured in various other ways to their sustaining
and moving bushes, or metal parts, without departing from the essential improve-
ment and novelty of the Invention. Thus, the discs of wood might be screwed, or
rivetted, to discs, or shallow sockets of brass or other metal, formed with a central
bush or other eyes, to steady them on their guiding or working nuts or stems.
It will also be understood, that these wood valve lids and their metal securing
and sliding frames, might be made of other convenient shapes than that of the
round or polygonal forms described, such as segmental, or an oval or other shape
corresponding to the shape of the ports required in the seat of the valve, and that
each valve might cover two or more ports in the seat, and when of large area, they
might have central escaping apertures up through them to lessen the required
height of their lift and motion, in which case they would be secured by guiding
nuts or stems placed in other convenient positions not in the centre of the
openings.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Peter Reid in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th July
1882.
PETER REID of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER PURPOSES "
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of
constructing valves for water and other fluid pumps, specially applicable for air-
pumps, water circulating and other pumps on board of steam ships, and for other
purposes where water or other liquids, and air or other gases require to be drawn
or forced; and which will make such valves more durable and efficient and reliable
in their action than heretofore.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consists mainly, or essentially, in
the use of teak and other hard woods, which do not bend or cast, or swell much
in hot or cold water or other liquids, for which they are to be used, in or for the
construction of the lids or moving parts of said valves, in the form of thick parallel
discs, so as to bear over the whole surface of their seat; such as for, or in an
equivalent manner to, those formed of vulcanised india-rubber, or of thick sheet
rubber, which are at present made and used for such valves; and also in special
fittings connected with the mounting of these valves.
And in order that the full nature and novelty of my said Invention and the
mode and means of performing or putting the same into effect or practice, may be
properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the
Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for that purpose; the same
reference letters and numerals indicating the saine or equivalent parts in the several
Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively of an air pump
bucket A, for a marine steam engine, shown as fitted with six of my new or
improved bard wood valves a and mountings, ranged and fitted on the upper
surface A¹ of the bucket A as their seat, and close down over the whole surface of
the cross bearings of the openings A" in the seat A¹. Figures 3 and 4 are a
sectional elevation and a plan of one of the valves a and its fittings, as detached
from the bucket A, corresponding to that shown on the left hand side of Figure 1.
Figure 5 shows a side elevation and plan of the central bush c, riveted or otherwise
secured into the wood part a of the valve, and bored to slide on the turned stem d
(shown also detached in side elevation and plan in Figure 6) screwed internally as
a nut for securing the whole to the screw pin e, screwed and riveted into the seat A¹
of the bucket A, as shown at e' in Figures 1 and 2. Figures 7 and 8 show.
sectional elevations of the new valve a with slightly different fittings from that
shown in Figures 1 to 4. Figures 9 and 10 are a sectional elevation and a plan of
an air pump bucket A for a steam engine, shown as fitted with six of my new
hard wood valves a and their fittings, formed as sectors of the circle of the bucket
to utilise the greater part of its area for valve passages A"; each valve a being.
mounted on its studs d, e, at the corners of its outer binding frame b, 61, instead of
on one in the centre, as in the former modifications Figures 1 to 4. Figures 11
and 12 show sectional elevations of the construction of my new or improved
wood valves and their fittings, as arranged and suitable for the discharge and
admission ports and seats A", A', of close piston double-acting air pumps B for
steam engines, or other pumps, where the valves a, b, work at such angles or
positions that their own weight will not close them.
Referring generally to those Figures 1 to 7, the mode and means of constructing

page_text: these valves and their fittings, consist in turning or otherwise cutting the piece of
teak, lignum vitæ, or other hard wood, to form the body of each valve a, preferably
of a parallel or uniform thickness, to the extreme diameter desired, to rather more
than cover the ports A" through the valve seat A' of the bucket A, and fit it with
a plain tight binding hoop or band b all round its outer periphery for strength, as
seen on the left of Figures 1 and 2, and in 3. and 4; or with horizontal flange b',
as seen to the right in Figures 1 and 2, and in Figure 7, all secured by rivet rods
at 62, passed through the wood and bands a, b:-and fitted with a tight central
hollow bush or eye c, shown in Figure 5, and secured by rivets, screws, or other
equivalent, as seen at c' in Figures 3 and 4, both these parts b and c being
preferably made of good brass or gun metal. This central bush c might be of the
same or any desired greater depth above the wood a, so as to be bored out to fit
and slide steadily on the outer turned lower part or stem of the deep brass nut d,
shown detached in Figure 6, as a working and steadying centre, passed down
through the bush c of the valve a, b, and screwed tight to the working seat or
face A¹, on to a central screw stud e, which is first screwed tight in the centre of
the seat A', and riveted at e below, as seen in Figures 1 and 2. The guiding
stem and nut d is formed with a projecting flat-sided or polygonal head at d', for
screwing it tightly by, and at a sufficient distance above the eye or bush c of the
wood valve lid a, and to form a stop collar d¹ for it when it is lifted off its seat to
open to the proper height to give the free escape required of the water or fluid, or
an equivalent area to the openings A", in the valve seat A'; a pin or jam nut is
fitted at the top e¹ of the central screw stud e to prevent the guide nut d from
getting loose. It will be understood that the hard wood part a of these valves is
made to project sufficiently out from its outer hoop or ring b and central bush c, as
always, when it falls by its own weight, to rest on and form a water or fluid-tight
joint over the face and ribs A¹ of the seat A¹ and openings A¹ in it.
Referring to Figure 8; this shows another way of securing the hardwood disc
part a of this improved valve to its outer metal binding ring b and central bush c,
by forming these in one with a disc or web 611 above, and form a hollow socket
into which the wood part a would be fitted tight, and riveted or otherwise secured
as shown at c¹¹ in this Figure, and in a modified form in Figures 9 and 10, where
the wood part a, and its outer case b, 611, of each valve are made in the form of"
sectors with eyes c as slide bushes at the three angles or corners for the valve to
work on three corresponding guide nuts d and screw studs e secured to the seat A¹
of the air-pump A instead of only one in the centre, as in the case of the round
valves shown in Figures 1 to 8.
Referring to Figures 11 and 12- -When these valves a are fitted to work,
either as discharge or suction valves, at angles or in positions in which they will
not shut by their own weight; then their guiding and retaining nuts or stems d,
are made long enough to have helical springs f mounted on them, above their
bushes or guide eyes c to close, or assist in closing the valve. These springs are
contained within an outer protecting rim f¹, formed on and projecting up from the
bush c, and form a stop when the valve rises to the proper height on the top d¹ of
the guide stem d; and the springs would preferably be formed of hard drawn
brass wire or other metal which would withstand the action of the sea water.
It will be understood that these wood valve lids a, and their metal securing and
sliding frames b¹, b, c might be made of other convenient shapes than those of the
round or sector forms described and shown in the Drawings, such as square,
polygonal, oval, or other shape corresponding to the shape of the ports A and
seat A¹ on which the valves are required to work; and that one valve lid might be
made to cover two or more ports in its seat, and when of large area they might be
formed with central escaping apertures out through them to lessen the required
height of their lift and motion on their guide nuts d, in which case they would be
secured by guiding nuts or stems placed in other convenient positions, as shown in
Figures 9 and 10, and not in the centre of the valve and openings, as shown in
Figures 1, 2, and 11, 12.

page_text: Having thus described my said Invention, and the manner of performing the
same, I have to state that, though I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, What I believe to be novel 'and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is,―The construction or combination of hard wood valves or valve
lids and their retaining metal cases and mountings indicated by the italic letters a
to f, for the air pumps of marine engines and other pumps, all substantially as
herein described, and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Reid, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
PETER REID. (L.S.)