AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, ROASTING MALT AND COFFEE, AND FOR OTHER TIED DUD DAGING.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Perry, of Bromley-by-Bow, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, ROASTING MALT AND COFFEE, AND FOR OTHER
TIED DUD DAGING.”.
Sealed the 16th October 1874, and dated the 22nd July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Perry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1874.
I, ALEXANDER PERRY, of Bromley-by-Bow, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, ROASTING MALT AND COFFEE,
AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to furnish an efficient, compact, inexpensive,
and simple apparatus, whereby the drying of all kinds of grain, or of
sand, or gravel, or the like, and the roasting of malt, coffee, and similar
materials and other like operations, may be rapidly and conveniently
performed,

page_text: The said apparatus is constructed as follows:-It has an outer casing
or wall of brick or other suitable material surrounded with boiler plate
or sheet iron, and preferably of a cylindrical form. Within this wall or
case is a cockle or fire-place of cast iron or other suitable metal with a
dome-shaped top. In the apex of the latter is a central aperture, and
above it I arrange a series of circular plates or dises one above the other,
each of the said discs having a central aperture corresponding with that
in the top of the furnace, and forming therewith a continuous passage or
flue from the cockle or furnace to the top of the apparatus. The castings
which form the said cockle and its dome-shaped top have a number of
tubes, whose lower ends communicate with horizontal air passages
formed through the brickwork below the furnace grate or fire-bars, and
the upper ends of the said tubes open into the space above the cockle just
below the said dises or plates. There are also vertical air passages com-
municating with the said horizontal passages and extending up outsido
the said tubes into the space above the cockle. At or near the top of
the apparatus I arrange a cylinder or other suitable vessel or chamber,
in which the grain or other substances to be dried, heated, or roasted is
placed or through which it is passed. The said vessel, or chamber has a
spout at the bottom to carry off the dried or roasted material, and a pipe
at the top for the escape of the vapour therefrom. It communicates
with the chamber containing the aforesaid discs by a pipe or passage
controlled by a damper or valve. The external air enters through the
aforesaid horizontal air passages and passes up through the vertical
passages and tubes into the space above the cockle. A fire is lighted in
the fire-place or cockle, which is provided with an aperture at one side
for this purpose. The heat from this fire makes the sides of the cockle
and its dome-shaped top and the series of discs or plates very hot, and
the air ascending through the tubes and passages. and through the
cylindrical chamber enclosing these discs is thereby heated, and passing
into the chamber or vessel containing the grain or other material being
treated imparts its heat to the same.
:
The central vertical passage from the top of the cockle and through
the discs and plates enters a chimney or flue, which is provided with a
damper. In drying sand or gravel, or other material which does not
need great care as to cleanliness, I open the damper or valve which
governs the passage leading to the heating or drying chamber and close
the damper in the chimney, and thereby allow the heated air and gases

page_text: from the cockle to enter the chamber or vessel containing the said sand-
or other substance.
The said improved apparatus may be used without the aforesaid drying
or heating chamber or vessel within a drying or heating stove, and for
similar purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Perry in the Great Seal Patent Office on.
the 21st January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
PERRY, of Bromley-by-Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send
greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Perry, Her special licence
that I, the said Alexander Perry, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Perry, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and. no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, ROASTING MALT AND COFFEE, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander
Perry, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
·
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Perry, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the the accompanying
Drawings forming a part of this Specification:-
My Invention is designed to furnish an efficient, compact, inexpensive,
and simple apparatus, whereby the drying of all kinds of grain, and of
sand, gravel, or the like, and the roasting of malt, coffee, and similar
materials and other like operations, may be rapidly and conveniently
performed.
The said apparatus is constructed as shewn in the accompanying
Drawings, which I will now proceed to describe.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of my improved apparatus shewing
the same adapted for drying grain and other like materials; Figure 2 is
a vertical section taken on the line x, x, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical central section showing the said apparatus
adapted for the roasting of malt, coffee, and the like.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, illustrate the construction of a cockle or stovė
forming part of my said apparatus and herein-after fully described.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
The apparatus shewn in Figures 1 and 2 has an outer casing or wall a
of brick or other suitable material, which should be covered and lined
with boiler plate, or sheet iron, and is preferable of a cylindrical form.
Within this wall or casing a at the bottom of the apparatus I place the
said cockle or stove b, which is constructed of cast iron or other suitable
metal, and has a dome-shaped top, as shewn. Above this cockle I
arrange a series of pockets c of any suitable shape or size, and which are
formed of iron frame covered with wire gauze, as shewn in Figures 1
and 2. c¹, c¹, are bolts or rods, which extend through the walls a and
through the pockets c for supporting the latter, which are kept in the
proper position laterally by distance pieces or ferrules c². The said
pockets are attached at the top to flat bars c* placed edgewise, and which
form a flooring upon which the material to be dried is first placed,
they communicate with a shoot d or number of such shoots or spouts,
cach of which is provided with a slide or door d¹ for regulating the
discharge.
For distilling and similar operations they may be made portable and
suspended from joists where there is a heap of corn to be dried.

page_text: The peculiar construction of the aforesaid cockle is clearly illustrated
in Figures 4 to 9, in which Figure 4 is a side elevation of the said
cockle; Figure 5 is a plan of the same; Figure 6 is a horizontal section
on the line x, x, Figure 4.
Figure 7 is an elevation of a cockle of modified construction more
especially intended for warming and ventilating churches and other.
buildings; Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the same on the line x¹, x¹,
Figure 7; Figure 9 is a plan of the top of the cap of the said
cockle.
.
The castings which form the cockle 6 and its dome-shaped top b¹ in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, have a number of tubes 6, whose lower ends com-
municate with horizontal air passages e formed through the brickwork
below the furnace grate or fire-bars 6, and the upper ends of the said
tubes open into the space b* above the cockle. There may also be
vertical air passages communicating with the said horizontal passages,
and extending up outside the said tubes into the space above the cockle.
The cockle has in its top an aperture c', which is connected with the
pipes whereby the smoke passes away from the apparatus, and which
also serve for heating the same. These pipes are provided with
dampers. The said cockle bas an aperture c³, through which access is
had to its interior for lighting the fire in the same. The air heated by
the cockle passes through the space 6* and through the hole & to the
pockets. In the cockle shewn in Figures 7, 8, 9, 77 is the passage for
the smoke.
.
This improved apparatus for drying grain and similar materials
requires but little attendance, and has no complicated machinery. The
grain or other material is introduced through the apertures a², and]
running through the wire pockets turns and screens itself as it passes
through them. By means of the slides d at the bottom of the shoots
or spouts the passage of the grain through the apparatus can be regulated
to keep the grain exposed to the drying action a longer or shorter time as
desired, the dust and other refuse falling down.
By adjusting the dampers the apparatus can be heated solely by the
pure hot air rising from the cockle and passing up between the pockets
or by the heat passing up the pipes f. A cowl is placed at the top of
the chimney a'. a³ is a shield for preventing the entrance of dust through
the aperture 6 to the cockle.

page_text: In the apparatus illustrated in Figure 3, I arrange a series of discs i of
cast iron or other suitable metal, one above the other, each of the said
discs having a central aperture corresponding with the aperture in the
top of the cockle or furnace, and forming therewith a continuous
passage or flue from the cockle or furnace to the top or chimney of the
apparatus for the passage of heat and smoke. If desired these discs
may be perforated with small holes. At or near the top of the apparatus
I arrange a cylinder or chamber k, in which the grain or other substances
to be dried, heated, or roasted is placed, or, through which it is passed.
Inside this cylinder k I arrange a drum l, through which extend the
tubes m. The surface of the said drum is formed of wire gauze or
perforated metal. The said cylinder or chamber has a spout o at the
bottom to carry off the dried or roasted material, and a pipe p at the top
for the escape of the vapours therefrom. It communicates with the
chamber containing the aforesaid dises i by a pipe or passage q controlled
by a damper or valve q'. r is a lid or cover for closing the aperture
through which the grain or other material to be roasted is admitted to
the said cylinder or chamber. The cylinder has a case formed of two
sheets or plates of iron k³, with sand or similar substance between them.
When this chamber has been properly charged with the grain or other
material, the operation is as follows:-The external air enters, through
the aforesaid horizontal air passages of the cockle and passes up through
the vertical passages and tubes into the space above the said cockle.
The heat from the fire makes the sides of the cockle and its dome-shaped
top and the series of discs or plates very hot, and the air, ascending
through the tubes and passages, and through the cylindrical chamber
enclosing these discs, is thereby heated, and passing into the cylinder or
chamberk containing the grain or other material being treated imparts its
heat to the same. The said grain or other material is carried round in
the annular space between the said cylinder and rotating drum to the
spout or shoot, its discharge from the latter being controlled by the
slide o'.
The central vertical passage from the top of the cockle and through
the discs or plates i communicates with the chimney or flue, which is
provided with a damper, as shewn. In drying sand or gravel, or other
materials which do not need great care as to cleanliness, I open the
damper or valves and close the damper t in the chimney, and thereby
allow the heated air and gases from the cockle to enter the chamber or
vessel containing the said sand or other substance.

page_text: The said improved apparatus may be used without the aforesaid drying
or heating chamber or cylinder within a drying or lieating room and for
similar purposes.
I adapt my Invention to the construction of a cooking apparatus,
which is built somewhat similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, but
without the wire pockets and with shelves.
When the said apparatus is to be used for drying powder a double
casing is required filled with sand. It also has an endless chain and
buckets passed over rollers, one half of the buckets being emptied
while the other half is filling. The powder can be kept in the apparatus
till it is perfectly dry. It is put in at the bottom of the said apparatus,
and the buckets are operated by a winch applied to the top.or..bottom
roller. It can be heated to any desired temperature.
.
For evaporating liquids the said apparatus is constructed with a pan
set in brickwork or in an iron casing with a brick arch, or the air passes
in at one end and out at the chimney. The vapour is carried away as
fast as it is made by the draft. All the heated air is obtained from the
aforesaid cockle.
By the use of my improved apparatus I effect by hot air the rapid
drying of malt, hops, grain, pulse, textile fabrics, wood of every
description, green pottery ware, and other substances which require a
uniform and exact temperature and rapid drying; and I am enabled to
roast all kinds of vegetable matters, such as malt, coffee, chicory, cocoa,
and the like, and other substances, by means of hot air and at an exact
or uniform temperature.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim, -
First. In an apparatus for drying grain and the like, and for similar
operations, a series of pockets constructed and arranged within the said
apparatus, as herein set forth.
Second. The cockle or stove constructed as herein described, and as
illustrated in Figures 4, 5, 6, or in Figures 7, 8, 9, of the Drawings.
Third. The combination of the said pockets with the said cockle,
or with any suitable stove or heater, as herein set forth and for the
purposes specified,

page_text: Fourth. The apparatus for drying grain, and for similar operations,
with the wall or casing enclosing the cockle or stove and the series of
pockets, and constructed with a chimney, and with flues, passages, and
apertures as herein described, and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawings.
Fifth. In an apparatus for roasting or drying grain and for similar
operations, the series of discs arranged above and in combination with
the said cockle or other suitable stove, and with a central passage or flue
leading therefrom to the chimney, as herein set forth.
Sixth. The combination of the said discs and cockle with a drying or 1
roasting cylinder or chamber provided with a rotating drum, as herein set
forth and for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The casing of the said cylinder or chamber constructed of
double sheets or plates of iron, with sand or other like material between
them, as herein set forth.
Eighth. The apparatus for roasting grain and for similar operations,
provided with the cockle and discs, and with the roasting or drying
cylinder or chamber, and with the flues, dampers, and other parts com-
bined and arranged as herein specified, and as illustrated in Figure 3 of
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Perry, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
ATLIVANTED DEDD V
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