Improvements in Machinery for Preparing or Carding Fibrous Material and Forming the same into Bands, Fleeces, or Slivers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 24th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Preparing or Carding Fibrous
Material and Forming the same into Bands, Fleeces, or
Slivers.
I GOTTFRIED MEYER, of Schaffhausen in the Republic of Switzerland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a machine for bringing washed wool or other fibrous
material into such a condition that it can be successfully acted upon in a combing
machine or other suitable machine preparatory to being spun or woven.
The
function of the machine is to transform fibrous material from a crude and entangled
state into a band, fleece or sliver (hereinafter called a fleece) the fibres of which
are all parallel. The machine is designed to produce this transformation entirely
by means of a series of stretching and transmitting or transferring operations in
which the fibre is at all times held in a stretched condition.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views for the purpose of illustrating the manner
in which the machine acts on the fibres.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views for shewing the movements of the trans-
mitting or transferring devices.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views of the movements of the transferring
devices and the mechanism for operating the same.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail end view of one of the cylinders, the swinging lever
at the end of the same being shewn in central longitudinal section.
Fig. 11 is a similar view, in which an outside view of the lever is shown.
Fig. 12 is a detail view of the frame at the end of the rod for moving one of the
rollers hereinafter referred to, toward or from the cylinder.
Fig. 13 is an edge view of the parts shown in Fig. 12, parts being in section.
Fig. 14 is an enlarged detail longitudinal section of the sleeve at one end of the
shaft of the cylinder.
Fig. 14 is a detail vertical section of the mechanism for adjusting the pin i.
Fig. 15 is a cross section of said shaft, shewing the brake.
Fig. 16 is a detail view of a modified construction of the frame that is connected
with the rod for moving another roller, hereinafter referred to, toward or from its
cylinder.
Fig. 17 is an end view of another cylinder, shewing a slightly modified con-
struction of the parts combined with the swinging lever at the end of the same.
Fig. 18 is a vertical longitudinal section of the complete machine the section
being taken in a plane adjacent to the ends of the cylinders; and
Fig. 19 is a side elevation thereof parts being omitted and others shewn in dotted
lines, and
Fig. 20 is a rear end view of the machine, partly in section some of the parts
being omitted and others shewn in dotted lines.
Fig. 21 is a longitudinal section of the end roller, receiving platform or guide
and rollers.
Fig. 22 is a plan view of the same.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
When fibrous material is submitted to the action of rollers provided on the
periphery with projections, such as inclined teeth or points, saw teeth, card cloth
and the like, the fibrous material can only be drawn or stretched in cases where the
member that takes or receives the fibrous material has a greater peripheral speed

page_text: than the member that brings or conveys the fibrous material. In all cases when
the fibrous material is conveyed with greater rapidity than it is removed the same
must necessarily spread and crowd itself. It is immaterial whether the conveying
member has its teeth inclined in the direction of the rotation or in the reverse
direction to the-direction of the rotation.
In Fig. there is shewn diagrammatically a drawing or stretching device which
can be used for the purpose of drawing the fibrous material. The cylinder P,
which conveys or delivers the material to be stretched, has its teeth inclined in
the reverse direction to the direction of rotation of the cylinder, and this con-
struction is preferred, as the material can be more readily removed from a cylinder
having its teeth so inclined than it can from a cylinder having its teeth inclined
in the direction of rotation. The rollers serves as a stretcher and for a short
time retains or holds back the fibrous material, and when it releases the same it
subdivides it and draws the several fibres parallel. The roller s¹ serves only for
removing the fibres left on the rollers and delivering them to the cylinder T
to which the fibrous material is conveyed by the rollers. Besides the stretching
device shewn in Fig. 1, any other suitable number of combinations of such
stretching or drawing devices may be used that need not be discussed here. As
stated above, tlie object of this invention is to provide a machine in which a
series of successive stretching or drawing operations take place by means of
suitable stretching and drawing devices and by suitable conveying devices that
do not upset or crowd the fibres but at all times hold them in a stretched con-
dition. The several stretching or drawing devices each stretch or draw the
fibrous material passing from a delivery cylinder to a receiving cylinder in a
certain proportion, for example as 1 is to; and the function of the said trans-
ferring or conveying device is to take the fibres thus stretched from a receiving
cylinder and to place them in several successive layers (Fig. 2) upon. a new
delivery cylinder P which also travels with the speed 1 and from which it is
taken by means of suitable transferring or conveying devices to a new receiving
cylinder travelling at the speed of 5, whereby the fibres are again drawn and
stretched. In this manner the alternate drawing or stretching and transferring
operations can take place alternately until the fibres have been sufficiently
stretched and laid parallel. From the last receiving cylinder the fleece is taken
in the same manner as from the previous ones and placed in a number of super-
imposed layers upon a final delivery cylinder from which it is taken by means
of a comb or a pair of cylinders and is then passed in the form of a barrel or
sliver into a pot or receptacle or wound up as a bobbin preparatory to being
subjected to the actions of other machinery.
The essential features of this invention, therefore, are the transferring or
conveying devices, which transfer or convey the fibrous material from a receiving
cylinder to a delivery cylinder and at the same time keep it in a stretched or drawn
condition.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 represent diagrammatically the different positions of one of the
above mentioned transferring or conveying devices. T represents a main cylinder,
Pa doffer and t and p two transferring or conveying rollers, which like the doffer
and main cylinder have their surfaces covered with thickly grouped inclined points.
The main cylinder T and doffer P are of greater diameter than the rollers and p,
and the distance from the centre o¹ of the main cylinder T to the centre o of the
doffer P is such that when the rollers t and p are on the line counecting the
centres oo and the said rollers t and p are in contact, as shewn in Fig. 4
the distance y between the main cylinder T and the roller and between the
doffer P and the roller p is sufficient to prevent, during the rotation of the rollers,
the transmitting of any fibrous material between the main cylinder T and the
roller and between the doffer P and the roller
p.
Fig. 3 further shews that when the rollers t and p are on the line connecting the
centres o and o' the teeth or pins of the main cylinder T and the roller t as likewise

page_text: the teeth of the doffer P and the roller p all project towards the same side of the
line connecting the centres o o'. The main cylinder T and the doffer P' rotate with
a constant medium speed, both in the same direction; that is to say, the main
cylinder in the direction in which its teeth or pins point and the doffer in the
reverse direction to that in which its teeth point, and the relationship between
the peripheral speed of the main cylinder T and the doffer P is equal say to u.
The transferring or conveying rollers t and p each has a compound motion imparted
to it. They oscillate around the centres of the main cylinder and doffer respectively,
and when they arrive at the line connecting the centres oo', their oscillatory
movements are interrupted for a time. While executing their oscillating move-
ments they rotate upon their own axes in a direction the reverse of that of the
main cylinder and doffer, and when the two rollers t p are on the line connecting the
centres o and their oscillatory movement has been interrupted they rotate in
the same direction as the main cylinder and doffer. Finally, they perform a third
movement namely a short time before they arrive at the line connecting the
centres of the roller t moves from the main cylinder T and the roller from the
doffer P through a distance sufficient to prevent the transmitting of fibrous material
between the main cylinder T and the roller t, as also between the doffer P and the
roller p. By this means the rollers and p approach so close to each other that
the fibrous material can pass from the roller t to the roller p.
The following three movements are thus distinguishable :-
1st period (Fig. 4). The rollers and p are on the line connecting the
centres o and have approached each other and rotate in the same direction as
the main cylinder T and the doffer P, and the roller p rotates with the same or a
greater peripheral speed than the roller t.
2nd period (Fig. 5). The roller t has approached the main cylinder T to such
an extent that the fibrous material can be delivered from the main cylinder T to
the roller which swings around the centre o' of the main cylinder in the direction
of the arrow Z. The speed of this swinging movement measured on the circum-
ference of the main cylinder T is during the second period or during the greater
part thereof, greater than the peripheral speed of the said main cylinder. At the
same time, the roller t rotates in the reverse direction to that of the main cylinder T
with a peripheral speed that is equal to or greater than its speed of oscillation
around the circumference of the main cylinder minus the peripheral speed of the
said main cylinder. Likewise the roller p has approached the doffer l' to such an
extent that the fibrous material can be delivered from the roller p to the doffer P
and performs an oscillatory movement in the direction of the arrow Z', the speed of
this movement measured on the circumference of the doffer P during the second
period or during the greater part thereof being greater than the peripheral speed
of the said doffer P. At the same time the roller p rotates in the reverse direction
to that of the doffer P with a speed that is equal to or less than its oscillatory speed
measured on the circumference of the doffer P, minus the peripheral speed of the
said doffer. The dotted circles p' and ' and p² and respectively indicate the
starting and ending positions of the oscillatory movements of the rollers and t.
P
3rd period (Fig. 6). The rollers p and return to their original position and
perform the second half of their oscillatory movement, the speed of which is such
that the two rollers arrive at their starting points at the same time. During this
period the roller t rotates in the reverse direction to that of the main cylinder T
with a speed that is equal to or greater than its oscillatory movement measured on
the circumference of the main cylinder T plus the peripheral speed of the
cylinder T and the roller p which rotates in the reverse direction to that of the
doffer P, oscillates with a speed that is equal to or greater than its oscillatory speed
plus the peripheral speed of the doffer P. Toward the end of the 3rd period the
rollers and approach each other, so that at the end of this period and at the
beginning of a new 1st period fibrous material can be transmitted from the roller t
to the roller p and a transmitting of fibrous material between the main cylinder T
and roller t and between the roller 'p and the doffer P is prevented. The various
P

page_text: movements herein before described as taking place during the 1st 2nd and 3rd periods
are then repeated.
Assuming that by a previous operation fibrous material has been placed in the
teeth of the main cylinder T, the fibrous material will be taken from this cylinder
and placed in a drawn or stretched condition upon the periphery of the roller t
during the second period as long as the speed of rotation of the roller t is greater
than its oscillatory speed measured on the circumference of the main cylinder T
minus the circumferential speed of this cylinder, and also during the third period as
long as the speed of rotation of the roller is greater than its oscillatory speed
measured on the circumference of the main cylinder T plus the peripheral speed
of this cylinder. Afterwards during the 1st period, the roller t will transmit the
material thus received, to the roller p, which retains the same on its pins
in a stretched condition.
In the following 2nd period, during the time that the roller t receives fresh
material from the main cylinder T, the roller p will deliver its material to the
doffer P, and this transmitting or conveying of material in a stretched condition
will last as long as the speed of rotation of the roller p is less than the
oscillatory speed of the said roller p measured on the circumference. of
the doffer F minus the peripheral speed of the doffer. During the third period the
roller pis prevented from taking material from the, doffer P as long as the speed
of rotation of the roller p is greater than its speed of oscillation measured on the
circumference of the doffer P plus the peripheral speed of the said doffer.
During the said 1st 2nd and 3rd periods mentioned layers of fibrous material will
continually pass from the main cylinder T by means of the rollers t and p to the
doffer P and this fibrous material will at all times remain stretched. As the
proportion of the peripheral. speed of the main cylinder T and doffer P is equal
say to.u, the thickness of the several layers of fibrous material on the doffer P
will be equal to a when the thickness of the layer on the main cylinder T is
equal to 1.
In place of the above described combinations of movable rollers and cylinders,
another combination can be employed in which the movements also take
place in three periods or stages, which are slightly different from those
hereinbefore described. In the said second combination, the movements differ
during the first period from the movements of the first combination, in
that the approaching of the roller t to the main cylinder T and roller p
to the doffer P takes place at the end of the first period instead of at the
beginning of the second period (Fig. 7). The movements during the 2nd and 3rd
periods of the second combination are distinguished from the movements during
the 2nd and 3rd periods of the first combination, in that the rollers t and p move
from the main cylinder T and doffer P respectively towards the end of the 2nd
period and remain away from them during the 3rd period and are rotated only
during the 2nd period. They arrive at the starting point at the beginning of the
1st period (Fig. 9). In the second combination the transmitting of the fibrous
material takes place only during the 1st and 2nd periods aud does not take place
during the 3rd period but begins again with the 1st.
If the direction of rotation of the main cylinder T or the doffer P, or both is
reversed, then the movements of the transmitting rollers and must be changed
accordingly, and in this manner a number of other combinations can be made.
But the four roller system which is the fundamental principle of this invention
will be readily understood from the foregoing description. I will now describe
in detail a construction of machine suitable for carrying out the above operations
as set forth with reference to the 2nd combination of cylinder doffer and rollers.
P (Figs. 10 and 18) is a cylinder or doffer on the shaft o of which a double
'armed lever a is loosely mounted at each end of said doffer. Each lever a
comprises two discs a² (Fig. 14), connected by a sleeve a', of which the inner disc
that is the one nearest the adjacent end of the doffer-is provided with
oppositely arranged extensions. One of these extensions terminates in a guide a³
...

page_text: pin.
and the other in a segment shaped receptacle or body at that serves to receive a
counterweight. The outer disc a² of the lever a is provided with an extension
(Fig. 11) that serves as a crank arm which is provided near its end with
Each lever a is made in two halves connected by screws.aº (Fig. 10). The two
levers a one at each end of the doffer P are connected by the transverse bars a
(Fig. 10) that extend over the doffer P and serve to stiffen the said levers a. In
the slide a is movably mounted the slide piece in the hub of which, the
roller pis mounted to rotate. The slide is provided with a block 6 into which
the rod is screwed and held by the locking nut 63. The rod 62 passes through an
opening in the socket a', beyond which it is screwed into the cross piece that is
connected at its ends with the forked piece. By this construction a firm
connection between the slide is formed around the hub'a' of the lever a with
that part of the said lever at the opposite side of said limb. The forked piece /*
is formed at its closed end with a slot or recess for the reception of a screw
bolt the head of which rests against the inner side of the forked piece
The screw bolt is secured at a into a threaded aperture formed in the lever a and
is locked and held in place by the locking nut. The socket is firmly
connected with the lever a and serves as a support for the coiled spring d, which
can be adjusted to suit requirement by means of a screw nut a mounted on the
rod The pressure exerted by the spring d against the nut normally keeps
the slide and also the roller so far from the periphery of the doffer P.that the
forked piece rests at against the head of the adjusting screw 6. At u
eyes are cast on the two discs a² of the lever a, and in the same the pin ¹ is
fastened. Between the two discs a, the forked lever (Figs. 10, 12 and 13) is
mounted loosely on the pin and is provided with a pin that can pass into a
notch formed on a cross piece of the forked piece. On the end of the
lever there is formed a concave segmental cam piece k of hardened metal having
an eccentric extension k¹. The centre of the cam piece k is at o, and the pivot i
having a hardened head swings, in certain periods, around the centre in the
direction of the arrow (Fig. 12). When the pivot strikes the eccentric
part of the cam piece it presses the lever back until the pivot i passes
under the segmental cam part k, below which it can continue its swinging
movement for a short distance without producing any further movement of the
lever h. The effect that the swinging pivot i has on the lever will increase as
the distance from the pivot to the centre o increases. The pivot is adjustable
radially by means of the set screw Figs. 11 and 14, and as it is fixed on a
slide piece guided in a slot, it can also be adjusted tangentially as much as
may be necessary. The slide-piece is screwed upon one arm of the lever
which is mounted loosely on the axis o of the doffer P adjacent to the fixed
bearing of said cylinder. The other arm of this lever is provided with a
crank pin The lever performs, in certain periods, oscillating movements -in
which the adjustable pin i mounted on the said lever participates. During the
time the swinging lever causes the pivot i to strike against the extension k¹ and
to pass under the cam-edge k, the lever is pushed back and brought into an end
position which is governed by the radial adjustment of the pivot i This end
position corresponds to the necessary movement of the roller toward the doffer P
in order to admit of fibrous material being transferred from the roller p to the
doffer P (see Fig. 8).
']
During the time that the swinging lever keeps the pivot i clear of the parts k',
the lever is pressed in the opposite direction by the spring d and the intermediate
mechanism consisting of the rod cross piece and the forked piece ³ and is thes
brought in the opposite end position, which is governed by the adjustment of the
adjusting screw . This second end position corresponds to the movement of the
roller towards the roller t (Fig. 7) so as to admit of fibrous material being
transferred from the roller t to the roller p during which time the roller is at such
a distance from the doffer P that the transference of fibrous material from the
roller p to the doffer P cannot take place.

page_text: ⋅
On the outer end of the pivot of the roller mounted in the hub e of the slide!
is fixed a bevel wheel c' (Fig. 11) which gears with a bevel wheel c² cast integral
with a sleeve mounted to turn in the bearing which is made integral with the
block of the slide b. The sleeve is connected by a feather with one end of a
-shaft c¹ in such a manner that it and the bevelled pinion can rotate with the shaft,
but can at the same time be moved lengthwise on the said shaft a greater or less
-distance. The other end of the shaft c' is journalled at in one of the discs a² and
-carries a bevel wheel c', shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 14, which engages with a bevel
wheel that is cast integral with a sleeve and a toothed wheel r, that are mounted
loosely on the shaft o of the cylinder P. Loosely mounted on the shaft o adjacent
to the toothed wheel is a toothed wheel having the same number of teeth as the
toothed wheel r. These wheels are arranged between the lever a and the
lever l. The toothed wheels and r² are connected by a train of toothed wheels
and, of which the toothed wheels and are mounted on a pivot projecting
from the crank arm of the lever a and the toothed wheel is mounted on a
separate pivot carried by the said crank arm. The toothed wheels and have
the same number of teeth, and the toothed wheel which engages the toothed
wheel, has a less number of teeth, so that when the wheel » makes one revolution
the toothed wheel r will be rotated in the reverse direction to the toothed wheel
and with a greater speed, according to the relative number of teeth in the wheels >**
and 4.
7"
The wheel is engaged periodically by a pawl a' (Figs. 11, 14, and 15), carried
by a pin mounted in a hub cast on the lever 1, and provided at its pivoted end with
..a lug n having an inclined surface that can strike against a stop n³, adjustably
mounted in a slot in the lever 1. The lug n² is also provided with the two lateral
projections, between which a pin g of a brake g¹ projects. The brake g¹ consists
of two jaws connected at one side by a jointed rod and at the opposite side by a
coiled spring, the jaws being mounted on a collar cast integral with the bearing.
A second pawla (Fig. 11) is mounted loosely on a support N bolted on the frame
of the machine and periodically engages the teeth of the toothed wheel r. This
pawl is, provided at its pivoted end with a lug or extension n° also having an inclined
surface and two lateral projections. N a stop which acts on the said lug and is
. adjustable in a slot in the support N. A brake corresponding to the pawl n is
constructed in the same manner as the brake and is mounted on a sleeve or
extension cast integral with the lever . By this combination of pawis and brakes
the following results are obtained. If the lever be moved in the direction of the
arrow (Fig. 11) the brake g' causes the pawl to engage the wheel ², and the
brake y causes the pawl n to move from the toothed wheel through a distance as
great. as. the stop of the lug n permits. But when the lever 7 is moved in the
reverse direction of the arrow, the brake y causes the pawl n to engage the wheel r
and the brake g' causes the pawl a to move from the toothed wheel through a
-distance as great as the stop n³ of the lug n² will permit.
At the other end of the doffer P there is arranged similar mechanism to that
hereinabove described excepting that there are no parts corresponding to the bevel
wheels, the bearing the shaft the bevel wheel cand and the toothed
wheels "", 23, and and the pawls and brakes.
The main cylinder T (Fig. 17) is provided with mechanism constructed and
arranged in the same manner as that for the doffer P except with the following
slight changes. The lever shewn in Fig. 16, is constructed as a bent lever, the
eccentric surface of the part A points toward the turning point of the lever h, and
..a segmental cam surface k is convex, instead of being concave, as previously
described. The action of the pivot i on the edges of the parts however, is the
... same as for the doffer P inasmuch as the roller is also moved toward the main
cylinder T. Furthermore the bevelled pinion is arranged, in the construction
shewn in Fig. 11, at the inner side of the bevelled pinion c', whereas in the
-construction shewn in Fig. 17 it is arranged at the outer side. Finally, the pawl n
which for the doffer is mounted on the fixed support N and combined with the

page_text: brake g, on the lever engages the wheel ², whereas the pawl n' for the main
cylinder engages the toothed wheel r cast integral with the bevel wheel r; in other
words, the functions of the two pawls for the main cylinder T are merely the
reverse of the functions of the same pawls for the doffer P.
.
The cranks a and both for the main cylinder T and the doffer P, are connected
at both sides of the machine with the connecting rods and respectively
by which an oscillatory or swinging motion is imparted to them. The movements.
of the functional organs of the above machine take place, in conformity with the
second combination as previously mentioned, in three successive periods, as follows:-
1st period. The levers a are in a position of rest, as shewn in Figs. 7, 11, and 17
so that the centres of the rollers p and t are on the line o o' connecting the centres of
the main cylinder Tand doffer P. The levers operated by the connecting rods w
swing in the direction of the arrows. The resistance of the brake g' of the main
cylinder T forces the pawl into engagement with the toothed wheel r, and said
pawl turns this wheel in the direction of the arrow. This rotative movement
is transmitted through the bevel wheels and c', the shaft c', the bevel pinions c
and c to the roller t which is thereby rotated in the direction of the arrows
Fig. 17. Furthermore, the resistance of the brake gl on the bearing of the
offer P causes the pawl to engage the toothed wheel, and the latter is.
rotated in the direction of the arrow This rotative motion is transmitted
through the wheels and and is increased in the proportion of the diameters.
of the wheels and the motion being transmitted to the wheel in the reverse
direction to the arrow and from the wheel r is transmitted by means of the bevel
which in
wheels the shaft c, and the bevelled pinions c¹ and c to the roller
consequence is rotated in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 11, but with a greater
speed than the roller t. The brakes are then arrested by the lugs n° and.thus.
cause by their resistance, the disengagement of the pawls n. The pins i swing with
the levers, but at this time are not in contact with the faces of the parts k, k¹..
The levers are thus free and are subjected to the actions of the springs d which
bring the rollers t and p towards each other and keep them clear of the cylinders T
and P respectively. The distance that the rollers t and p are to approach each
other can be easily adjusted by the screws b.
"
Towards the close of the first period the pins i strike against the faces of the
parts kk and cause a withdrawal of the rollers p and t from each other. That is,
they move them respectively towards the main cylinders T and the doffer P, the
screw serving to regulate the throw of the said levers h.
2nd period. The levers operated by the connecting rod w perform the second
part of the oscillatory movement namely, the same distance that they previously
travelled in the first period they now travel in the reverse direction, as indicated
by the arrow in Figs. 11, and 17. The levers a operated by the connecting
rod u describe the first part of their oscillatory movement in the direction of the
arrows. The levers a and thus swing in the same direction at the same time.
Consequently the pivots i, which at the end of the first period were in contact with
the faces of the parts k, remain in contact with the same and keep the roller p
close, to the doffer and the roller t close to the main cylinder T. The
rollers .p and of course participate in the movements of the levers a around
the centres o, o' in the directions of the arrows. By the change in the
direction of movement of the levers the action of the brakes g and is changed
so that pawls n' are held out of gear, and the pawls n are brought in gear.
the case of the doffer P, the pawl n mounted on the fixed support N locks the
toothed wheel and prevents it from turning and also locks the bevel wheel r¹
consequently, the bevel wheels c', which participates in the swinging movements
of the lever a, must rotate on the wheel r It transmits its rotary move-
ments through the shaft c through the bevel wheels cand c' to the roller p,
which is thereby rotated in a direction the reverse. of that shewn by the arrow *.
As the proportion between the diameters of the doffer l' and roller pis about
as 5 is to 1, and the proportion of the gearing of the wheel to the wheel c¹ is
In

page_text: about 3 to 1, and the proportion of the medium oscillatory speed of the roller p
measured on the circumference of the doffer P, to the peripheral speed of the
doffer is about equal to 20, the difference of the latter is about equal to 19 when
the medium rotative rapidity of the roller p is about equal to 20.3-12. The latter
speed is thus less than the difference in the former.
At the main cylinder T the pawl a locks the toothed wheel and thereby forces
the toothed wheel, which participates in the swinging movement of the lever a
to rotate on the wheel. The rotary movements of the wheel are transmitted
by the cog-wheels, and e, the shaft c and the bevel wheels and ¹ to
the roller t which is thereby rotated in the reverse direction to the arrow 2*. As
the proportion of the diameter of the cylinder T to the diameter of the roller is
about as 5 is to 1, and the proportion of the wheels from to c¹ is about 54, the
proportion of the medium oscillatory speed of the roller to the circumferential
speed of the cylinder T is about as 20 is to 5, therefore the difference of the latter
is about equal to 15 when the medium rotary speed of the roller is equal
to 20.5 = 21.6. The latter speed is thus greater than the difference of the
former.
"
Toward the end of the second period the pivots i slide off the faces of the parts &
as the levers must. travel through a slightly greater path than the levers a with
the result that the rollers and p begin to move from the doffer P and main
cylinder Tat the end of the said second period.
3rd period. (Fig. 9.) The levers remain at rest in the positions in which they
were left at the end of the second period. The levers a complete the second part
of their oscillatory movement and travel through the same path that they travelled
through during the second period, but in the reverse direction-that is to say, they.
now move in the direction of the arrows until the centres of the rollers and t are
on the line o o¹ connecting the centres of the cylinders T and P. The levers h
participate in the swinging movements of the levers a and the faces of the parts Å¹
at the beginning of the 3rd period nove from the now stationary pivots i with the
result that the rollers P and t gradually move from the doffer P and main cylinder T
and approach each other on the line o, o', as far as permitted by the set screws.
As the levers are during this 3rd period at rest, the brakes and g' remain
indifferent, as do also the pawls n and n', and for that reason no rotary movement
is given to the rollers and p during the third period.
P
At the end of the 3rd period, the 1st period begins again, and the above move-
ments take place during the next three periods as described successively, and so
on. The upper and lower connecting rods, which give the oscillatory movement.
to the levers a are operated from the bent levers and u° (Figs. 7, 8, and 9) which
are arranged at both sides of the machine and are rigidly keyed on the ends of the
upper shaft and the lower shaft o³ respectively. The bent lever n² is arranged
at about near the middle of the shaft and is connected with a connecting rod u³,
jointed to a crank pin and the bent lever on one end of the shaft o³ receives
motion from the connecting rod w, which is jointed to a crank pin . The two
crank pins and us project from crank discs keyed on the crank shaft o' and are so
arranged in relation to each other that they are both at their dead centres at the same
time (see Fig. 7). The crank shaft o' is mounted on longitudinal supports t³ (Figs. 18,
19, and 20) which are suspended at one end from a cross piece t of the frame, and
at their opposite ends rest on an end cross piece to. A bevel wheel is keyed on
the crank shaft of and is engaged by a bevel wheels which rotates it periodically.
The wheel is connected with the clutch socket e and the socket of the conical
friction coupling e' is connected with a clutch bar e the two arms of which engage
notches of the cup e and are adapted to move up and down in said slots as far as is
necessary for engaging or disengaging the conical clutch e'. The wheels with
the clutch socket e as also the clutch bar e with the friction socket el, are mounted
to rotate upon the vertical shaft m, the step part of which is mounted at m. Above
the step it is provided with the bevel wheel st, that is engaged with and driven
from the bevel wheel 5 on the main shaft W. This main shaft rotates with a

page_text: constant speed and transmits its motion to the crank shaft of when the friction
coupling e is closed. On the ring d' of the said coupling acts a lever d² (Figs. 18,
and 20). This lever is pivoted at and when the friction coupling e' is closed it
rests upon the latter, the weight of the said lever being increased by the action of
the coiled spring d³ connected with the frame of the machine and with said
lever.d. Figs. 18, and 20 represent an eccentric acting on the friction roller d'
of the lever, whereby the said lever is lifted and the friction coupling e¹ opened.
In this case no transmission of power from the shaft W to the crank shaft of takes
place, and the crank shaft is locked in its position of rest by a pawl. This
pawl is pivoted at fand secured on a shaft, on the other end of which are
fastened an arm ƒ³ and a slotted arm. A coiled spring shewn in dotted lines.
in Fig. 18, is connected with the frame of the machine and with the arm, and
the upper end of a rod is connected with an adjustable pivot f' in the slot of
the arm, the lower end of the said rod f being connected with the lever d.
When the lever d² is raised, that is, when the friction clutch is opened, the rod f
is raised and permits the spiral spring to draw the arm to the left, whereby
the pawl is pressed against the eccentric receiving socket 3, which rotates with
the crank shaft o, even after the clutch is opened, under the action of its inertia,
until the pawl arrives at said socket finto which it springs. The crank shaft
is thereby stopped at the moment when the connecting rod u³ and n are at their
dead centres, the crank pins u and a and the pawl socket f being arranged
accordingly. When the eccentric leaves the roller d', the lever d² descends and
by means of the connecting rod f8 and arm / removes the pawl from the socket f³,
just before the conical friction coupling e¹ is closed. The crank shaft of is thereby
released and can be again rotated. The eccentric e consists of two eccentric discs
mounted adjacent to each other on the eccentric shaft oº, the discs being so adjusted.
in relation to each other that the time during which the friction coupling e¹ remains
open can be increased or decreased as may be necessary. The eccentric shaft o
receives its rotary movement from the main shaft W by means of the toothed wheel
the intermediate toothed wheel and the toothed wheel on the shaft o" and the:
proper speed is given to said eccentric shaft by so proportioning the wheels that
when the friction clutch is closed the proportion of the eccentric shaft to the crank
shaft of is as 1 to 1. As that part of the eccentric which acts on the roller d
of the lever is equal to an arc of about 120°-that is, about of the entire
circuinference, the rotation of the shaft o" can be divided into three parts, which
are about equal; namely one being the time during which the eccentric keeps the
lever raised and the crank shaft of held stationary, and the other two the time
during which the friction coupling e' is closed and the crank shaft 'o' makes an
entire revolution and reciprocates the connecting rods u³ u' which movement is
transmitted by means of the rocking shafts 02 03 and the upper and lower connecting
rods u to the levers a as an oscillating motion.
The mechanism that is used for producing periodically.the oscillating movements
of the lever a is analogous to the mechanism used for the periodical oscillations of
the lever . This is also illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 18, 19 and 20, only with the
exception that the letter has been replaced by the letter wo and the several parts
are provided with the same reference letters, but the reference indices are different,
for example, e, eo, e and ea and so on being used in place of e, el, e² e³ and so on.
No further explanation is necessary, except that the lever must, as herein before
described travel a slightly greater distance than the lever a which is accomplished
by making the levers and to slightly shorter than the levers u² and u, the'
dimensions of the other parts being the same. The eccentric 30 is, also mounted on
the shaft e and is set at an angle of 120° to the eccentric e³, so that the eccentric e
raises the lever 20 of a rotation of the shaft of earlier than the eccentric e³ raises
the lever . The functions of this driving mechanism for the swinging movements
of the levers and a can also be divided into three periods of about equal
duration.
1st period (Figs. 7, 18, 19 and 20). The eccentric
has opened the friction
R

page_text: coupling and, by means of the pawl, the crank shaft o' and the lever a have
been brought into a position of rest. The eccentric e30 has left the roller (0, per-
nitting the lever, do to descend, and the friction coupling e¹ is closed so that the
crank shaft oo is rotated, and a swinging movement is transmitted to the lever l'
in the direction of the arrow 3, corresponding to the 1st period described above.
2nd period (Figs. 8, 18, 19 and 20). The eccentric has left the roller d+, the
friction coupling is, closed, the shaft of is rotated and a swinging movement has
been given to the lever a in the direction of the arrow. The friction clutch elo
remains closed, the shaft o continues to rotate and permits the lever 1 to perform
the second part of its swinging movement in the direction of the arrow, corre-
sponding to the 2nd period described above.
3rd period (Figs. 9, 18, 19, and 20). The friction coupling & remains closed, the
shaft continues to rotate and the levers a perform the second part of their
swinging movement in the direction of the arrow. The eccentric has opened
the friction clutch elo, and by means of the pawl fo the shaft o and the lever I
have been locked in a position, of rest, corresponding to the 3rd period described
above.
:
1.
:
The constant. rotative movements are transmitted in the following manner:
7, Fig. 20, is the driving pulley, is the loose pulley, W the main shaft and q' the
belt pulley for driving the comb. The power is transmitted from the main shaft
through the toothed wheels, and to the eccentric shaft and from the
latter, by means of the bevel wheels and v (Figs. 19 and 20), to the smaller
vertical shaft, the axis of which is, shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 20, and from the
same through the, bevel wheels 2 and 3 to a horizontal longitudinal shaft, whence
the motion is transmitted by means of the bevel wheels and to the cylinders T.
Motion is also transmitted from the shaft. 0° through the toothed wheels and v
and the bevel wheels, and, to the lower horizontal longitudinal shaft, from
which motion is transmitted by means of, the bevel, wheels and and the train
of gearing is, and to the last doffer P and by means of the bevel wheels >
and to the other doffers P.
+
The construction of the members for, conveying the fibrous, material will of
course depend upon the nature of the said fibrous material. The machine described
is constructed for, acting on washed combing wool, and the usual feeding devices
for this material have been shewn on the left hand side of Figs. 18 and 19. The
part of the machine located between dotted lines X X and X X (Figs. 18 and 19)
contains the mechanism for stretching and drawing the material. The small
stretching rollers receives its motion from the first cylinder T by means of the
toothed wheels mm² and the sprocket-wheels m and m over which the chain m".
passes. The smaller wheels 'm² m³ and m³ drive the cleaning rollers from the
roller 3. In the least number of cases a single stretching operation will be sufficient,
but a number of such operations must follow and the succeeding machinery must
be provided with finely and more closely grouped teeth. This can easily be done
without making any changes in the construction of the machine, as several parts
corresponding to those shewn between the lines X X and X' X can be provided
in the frame of the machine. The fleece or sliver of wool, which is removed from
the last doffer P by means of a hook comb g2 or any other suitable device, is
passed over a table. having the vertical radial projections 3, which govern the.
width of the slivers and conduct them to the rollers 22, whence they are passed
through a suitable conductor to the rollers 3 and are then passed into a can or
wound on a bobbin as may be desired.
G. MEYER,
By L. W., per F. B.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
1.
:
Improvements in Machinery for Preparing or Carding Fibrous
Material and Forming the same into Bands, Fleeces, or
Slivers.
I, GOTTFRIED MEYER, of Schaffhausen in the Republic of Switzerland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a machine for bringing washed wool or other fibrous.
material into such a condition that it can be successfully acted upon in a combing
machine or other suitable machine preparatory to being spun or woven.
The
function of the machine is to transform fibrous material from a crude and entangled.
state into a fleece or sliver (hereinafter called a fleece) the fibres of which are all
approximately parallel. The machine is designed to produce this transformation
entirely by means of a series of drawing stretching and transferring operations in
which the fibre is at all times held in a stretched condition.
In the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are diagrammatic views for the purpose of illustrating the
manner in which the machine acts on the fibres.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are-
e-diagrammatic views for showing the movements of the
transferring devices.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are diagrammatic views of the movements of the transferring
devices and the mechanism for operating such devices.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail end-view of one of the cylinders, the swinging lever
at the end of the same being shown in central longitudinal section.
Fig: 11 is a similar view, in which an outside view of the lever is shown.
Fig. 12 is a detail view of the frame at the end of the rod for moving one of the
rollers hereinafter referred to, toward or from the cylinder.
Fig. 13 is an edge-view of the parts shown in Fig. 12, parts being in section.
Fig. 14 is an enlarged detail longitudinal section of the sleeve and adjacent parts
at one end of the shaft of the cylinder.
Fig. 14 is a detail vertical section of the mechanism for adjusting the stud i
hereinafter described.
Fig. 15 is a cross section of the said shaft, showing one of the brakes hereinafter
described.
Fig. 16 is a detail view of a modified construction of the frame that is connected
with the rod for moving another roller hereinafter referred to, toward its.
cylinder.
Fig. 17 is an end view of another cylinder, showing a slightly modified con-
struction of the parts combined with the swinging lever at the end of the same.
Fig. 18 is a vertical longitudinal section of the complete machine, the section
being taken in a plane, adjacent to the ends of the cylinders; and
Fig. 19 is a side elevation thereof parts being omitted and others shown in dotted
lines.
Fig. 20 is a rear end view of the machine, partly in section some of the parts
being omitted and others shown in dotted lines.
Fig. 21 is a longitudinal section of the last doffer or cylinder, receiving platform
or guide and rollers; and
Fig. 22 is a plan of the same.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
When fibrous material is submitted to the action of rollers provided on the
periphery with projections, such as inclined teeth or points, saw teeth, card cloth,
or-the like, the fibrous material can only be drawn or stretched in cases where the

page_text: member that takes or receives the fibrous material has a greater peripheral speed
than the member that brings or conveys the fibrous material. In all cases where
the fibrous material is conveyed with greater rapidity than it is removed the same
must necessarily spread and crowd itself; it is immaterial whether the conveying
member has its teeth inclined in the direction of its rotation or in the reverse
direction.
In Fig. 1, there is shown diagrammatically a device which can be used for the
purpose of drawing and stretching the fibrous material. The cylinder P, which
conveys or delivers the material to be drawn and stretched, has its teeth inclined
in the reverse direction to the direction of rotation of the cylinder, and this
construction is preferred, as the material can be more readily removed from a
cylinder having its teeth so inclined than it can from a cylinder having its teeth.
inclined in the direction of rotation. The rollers rotates with about the same:
peripheral speed as the cylinder P whereas the peripheral speed of the receiving
cylinder or doffer T is greater than the speed of the cylinder P. At the point of
contact of the rollers and the receiving cylinder T the fibrous material is taken up
by the teeth or projections of the receiving cylinder T, whereas the projections on
the rollers, having less speed, have a tendency to hold back the material whereby
such material is drawn out, subdivided, laid parallel, and straightened. The
roller serves only for removing the fibres left on the roller s and delivering them
to the cylinder T. Besides the drawing and stretching device shown in Fig. 1,
any other suitable number of such stretching or drawing devices may be used as
will be readily understood. As stated above, the object of this invention is to
provide a machine in which a series of successive drawing and stretching operations
take place by means of suitable drawing and stretching devices and suitable trans-
ferring or conveying devices that do not disarrange or crowd the fibres but at all
times hold them in a stretched condition. The drawing and stretching devices
each draw and stretch the fibrous material passing from a delivery cylinder to a
receiving cylinder in a certain proportion (for example as 1 is to 5) and the
function of the transferring or conveying devices is to take the fibres thus stretched
from a receiving cylinder and to place them in several successive fibre-layers
(Fig. 2) upon another delivery cylinder P, which also travels with the speed 1 and
from which it is taken by means of similar suitable transferring or drawing and
stretching devices to another receiving cylinder travelling at the speed 5, (whereby
the fibres are again drawn and stretched). In this manner the drawing and
stretching and transferring operations can take place alternately until the fibres
have been sufficiently stretched and laid parallel. From the last receiving cylinder
the material is taken in the same manner as from the previous ones and placed in a
number of superimposed fibre-layers upon a final delivery cylinder, from which it
is taken by means of a comb or a pair of rollers and is then passed in the form of
a sliver into a can or receptacle or wound up as a bobbin preparatory to being
subjected to the action of other machinery.
The essential features of this invention, therefore, are the transferring or con-
veying devices, which transfer or convey the fibrous material from a receiving
cylinder to a delivery cylinder and at the same time keep it in a stretched condition.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 represent diagrammatically the different positions of one of the
above mentioned transferring or conveying devices. T represents a main cylinder,
Pa doffer, and t and p two transferring or conveying rollers, which, like the doffer
and main cylinder have their surfaces covered with thickly grouped inclined teeth
or pins. The main cylinder T and the doffer P are of greater diameter than the
rollers and p, and the distance from the centre o' of the main cylinder T to the
centre o of the doffer P is such that when the rollers and p are on the line con-
necting the centres o, o' and the said rollers t and pare in contact as shown in Fig. 4,
the distance y between the main cylinder T and the roller t and between the doffer P
and the roller pis sufficient to prevent the transmission of any fibrous material
between the main cylinder T and the roller t and between the doffer P and the
roller

page_text: has a
Fig. 3 shows that when the rollers and p are on the line connecting the
centres and o' the teeth or pins of the main cylinder T and the roller at
the parts of that cylinder and roller that are nearest together, as likewise the
teeth of the doffer P and the roller at corresponding parts, all project toward
the same side of the line connecting the centres o, o¹. The main cylinder T and
the doffer P rotate with a constant medium speed, both in the same direction
that is to say, the main cylinder in the direction in which its teeth or pins.
point and the doffer in the reverse direction to that in which its teeth point,.
the ratio between the peripheral speed of the main cylinder T and the doffer P
being equal say to u. Each of the transferring or conveying rollers and
compound motion imparted to it. They oscillate about the centres o, o' of the main
cylinder and the doffer respectively, and when they arrive at the line connecting the
centres o, o' their oscillatory movements are interrupted for a time.
executing their oscillating movements they rotate upon their own axes in a direction:
the reverse of that of the main cylinder and the doffer respectively; and when the
two rollers t, p are on the line connecting the centres o, o and their oscillatory
movement has been interrupted, they rotate in the same direction as the main cylinder
and doffer. Finally they perform a third movement namely, a short time before
they arrive at the line connecting the centres o, o' the roller t moves from the main
cylinder T and the roller from the doffer P through a distance sufficient to
prevent the transmission of fibrous material between the main cylinder T and the
roller t, and also between the doffer P and the roller p. By this means the rollers t
and p approach so close to each other that the fibrous material can pass from the
roller to the roller p.
The following three movements are thus distinguishable :-
While
First period (Fig. 4). The rollers and are on the line connecting the
centres o, o and have approached each other and rotate in the same direction as the
main cylinder T and the doffer P, the roller p rotating with the same peripheral
speed as or a greater peripheral speed than the roller t.
Second period (Fig. 5). The roller has approached the main cylinder T to such
an extent that the fibrous material can be delivered from the main cylinder T to
the roller which roller swings about the centre o' of the main cylinder in the
direction of the arrow Z. The speed of this swinging movement, measured in
the circumference of the main cylinder T is during this second period, or during the
greater part thereof; greater than the peripheral speed of the said main cylinder.
At the same time, the roller & rotates in the reverse direction to that of the main
cylinder T with a peripheral speed that is equal to or greater than its speed of
oscillation around the circumference of the main cylinder minus the peripheral speed
of the said main cylinder.. Likewise the roller has approached the doffer P to.
such an extent that the fibrous material can be delivered from the roller >> to the
doffer P, and performs an oscillatory movement in the direction of the arrow 2',
the speed of this movement measured on the circumference of the doffer P, during
this second period or during the greater part thereof being greater than the
peripheral speed of the said doffer P. At the same time the roller p rotates in the
reverse direction to that of the doffer P with a speed that is equal to or less than
its oscillatory speed measured on the circumference of the doffer P, minus the
peripheral speed of the said doffer. The dotted circles p₁ t¹ and p² t² respectively
indicate the starting and ending positions of the oscillatory movements of the
rollers and t.
P
Third period (Fig. 6). The rollers p and t return to their original position, and
perform the second half of their oscillatory movement, the speed of which is such
that the two rollers arrive at their starting points at the same time. During this
period the roller t rotates in the reverse direction to that of the main cylinder T,
with a speed that is equal to or greater than its oscillatory movement measured on
the circumference of the main cylinder T plus the peripheral speed of the cylinder T
and the roller p, which rotates in the reverse direction to that of the doffer P,
rotates with a speed that is equal to or greater than its oscillatory speed plus the

page_text: peripheral speed of the doffer P. Toward the end of the third period the rollers p
and tapproach each other, so that at the end of this third period and at the beginning
of a new 1st period fibrous material can be transmitted from the roller t to the
roller and a transmission of fibrous material between the main cylinder T. and
roller and between the roller and the doffer P is prevented. The various move-
ments hereinbefore described as taking place during the 1st 2nd and 3rd periods
are then repeated.
Assuming that by a previous operation fibrous material has been placed in the
teeth of the main cylinder T the fibrous material will be taken from this cylinder,
and be placed in a drawn or stretched condition upon the periphery of the roller t
during the second period, as long as the speed of rotation of the roller t is greater
than its oscillatory speed measured on the circumference of the main cylinder T
minus the circumferential speed of this cylinder, and also during the third period,
as long as the speed of rotation of the roller t is greater than its oscillatory speed
measured on the circumference of the main cylinder T plus the peripheral speed
of this cylinder. Afterwards, during the 1st period, the roller transmits the
material thus received to the roller which retains the same on its pins in a
stretched condition.
In the following 2nd period, during the time that the roller t receives fresh
material from the main cylinder T the roller p will deliver its material to the doffer P,
and this transmission or conveying of material in a stretched condition will last
as long as the speed of rotation of the roller p is less than the oscillatory speed of
the said roller p measured on the circumference of the doffer l' minus the peripheral
speed of the doffer P. During the third period the roller p is prevented from
taking material from the doffer P, as long as the speed of rotation of the roller p
is greater than its speed of oscillation measured on the circumference of the
doffer P plus the peripheral speed. of the said doffer. During the said 1st, 2nd, and
3rd periods mentioned layers of fibrous material will continually pass from the main
cylinder T by means of the rollers and p to the doffer P, and this fibrous material
will at all times remain stretched. As the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the main
cylinder T and doffer P is equal say to , the thickness of the several layers of
fibrous material on the doffer P will be equal to z when the thickness of the layer
on the main cylinder T is equal to 1.
In place of the above described combinations of movable rollers and cylinders,
another combination can be employed in which the movements also take place in
three periods or stages which are slightly different from those hereinbefore
described. In the said second combination the movements differ during the first
period from the movements of the first combination in that the approach of the roller t
to the main cylinder T and roller p to the doffer P takes place at the end of the first
period, instead of at the beginning of the second period (Fig. 7). The movements
during the 2nd and 3rd periods of the second combination are distinguished from
the movements during the 2nd and 3rd periods of the first combination in that the
rollers and p move away from the main cylinder T and doffer P respectively
toward the end of the second period and remain away from them during the third
period and are rotated only during the 2nd period. They arrive at the starting-
point at the beginning of the 1st period (Fig. 9). In the second combination the
transmission of the fibrous material takes place only during the 1st and 2nd
periods, and does not take place during the 3rd period but begins again with
the first.
If the direction of rotation of the main cylinder T, or the doffer P, or both, is
reversed, then the movements of the transmitting rollers t and p must be changed
accordingly, and in this manner a number of other combinations can be made.
But the four-roller system, which is the fundamental principle of this invention,
will be readily understood from the foregoing description.
I will now describe in detail a construction of machine suitable for carrying out
the above operations as set forth with reference to the second combination of
cylinder doffer and rollers.

page_text: nut
In
P, (Figs. 10 and 18) is a doffer or cylinder on a shaft on which a double-
armed lever a is loosely mounted at each end of said doffer. Each lever a
comprises two discs (Fig. 14) connected by a sleeve a', of which the inner disc
that is, the one nearest the adjacent end of the dofter-is provided with two
diametrically opposite extensions. One of these extensions terminates in a guide a³
and the other in a segment-shaped receptacle or body at which serves to receive a
counter-weight. The outer disc a² of the lever a is provided with an extension a
(Fig. 11) that serves as a crank-arm which is provided near its end with a pin.
Each lever a is made in two halves connected by screws a (Fig. 10). The two
levers a one at each end of the doffer P are connected by transverse bars a
(Fig. 10) which extend over the doffer P and serve to stiffen the said levers a.
the slide a is fitted a slide piece in which the roller is mounted, to rotate. The
slide is provided with a block, into which a rod is screwed and held by a
lock nut. The rod 2 passes through an opening in a socket 7, beyond which it is
screwed into a cross piece that is connected at its ends with a forked piece 1.
By this construction a firm connection between each slide is formed around the
hub or sleeve a' of the lever a, with that part of the said lever at the opposite side.
of the said hub or sleeve. The forked piece is formed at its closed end with a
slot or recess for the reception of a screw bolt the head of which rests
against the inner side of the forked piece. The screw bolt is secured at a in
a threaded aperture formed in the lever a and is locked and held in place by a
The socket a is firmly connected with the lever a and serves as
a support for a coiled spring d, which can be adjusted to suit requirement, by
means of a screw nut mounted on the rod . The pressure exerted
by the spring d against the nut normally keeps the slide and also
the roller p so far from the periphery of the doffer P that the forked piece b³.
rests against the head of the adjusting-screw . At a eyes are cast on the two
discs a of the lever a, and in the same a pin is fastened. Between the two
discs a, a forked lever (Figs. 10, 12 and 13) is mounted loosely on the pin h¹ and
is provided with a pin that can pass into a notch 60 formed in a cross-piece of the
forked piece . On the end of the lever there is formed a concave segmental
cam-piece of hardened metal, having an eccentric extension. The centre of
the cam-piece is at o, and a stud having a hardened head swings, at certain
periods, about the centre o, in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 12). When the
stud i strikes the eccentric part of the cam piece it presses the lever / back
until the stud passes under the segmental cam-piece k, below which it can con-
tinue its swinging movement for a short distance without producing any further
movement of the lever h. The effect that the swinging stud has on the lever /
will increase as the distance of the stud from the centre o is increased.
studiis adjustable radially by means of a set screw (Figs. 11 and 14) and as it
is fixed on a slide piece adjustable in a slot, it can also be adjusted tangentially
as much as may be necessary. The slide piece is screwed on one arm of a lever
which is mounted loosely on the axle o of the doffer. P adjacent to the fixed
bearing of the said doffer. The other arm of this lever is provided with a
crank-pin The lever periodically performs oscillating movements and in these
the adjustable stud i mounted on the said lever participates. During the time the
swinging lever causes the stud i to strike against the extension and to pass
under the cain-piece k, the lever his pushed back and brought into an end position
which is governed by the radial adjustment of the stud i. This end position corre-
sponds to the necessary movement of the roller p toward the doffer P, in order to
admit of the transference of fibrous material from the roller p to the doffer P
(Fig..8). During the time that the swinging lever keeps the stud i clear of the
parts k, k, the lever is pressed in the opposite direction by the spring d and the
intermediate mechanism, consisting of the rod 2, cross-piece, and the forked
piece, and it is thus brought into the opposite end position; which is governed by
the adjusting bolt 6. This second end position corresponds to the movement of
the roller p.towards the roller t (Fig. 7), so as to admit of the transference of
The

page_text: fibrous material from the roller to the roller, p, during which time the roller.p is
cat such a distance from the doffer P that the transference of fibrous material from
the roller p to the doffer P cannot take place.
a
On the outer end of the pivot of the roller p mounted in the hub c of the slide->>
is fixed a bevel pinion c¹ (Fig. 11) which gears with a bevel-pinion c², cast integral
with a sleeve mounted to turn in a bearing which is made integral with the
block of the slide. b. The sleeve is connected by a feather with one end of
shaft in such a manner that it and the bevel-pinion are rotated by the shaft
but so that they can at the same tinie be moved lengthwise on the said shaft o*.
The other end of the shaft et is mounted at c in one of the discs a², and carries a
bevel wheel c', shown in dotted lines in Fig. 14, which engages with a bevel-
wheel which is cast integral with a sleeve and a toothed wheel r, that are
mounted loosely on the shaft o of the doffer P. Loosely mounted on the shaft >>
adjacent to the toothed-wheel r, is a toothed-wheel having the same number of
teeth as the toothed-wheel r. These wheels 1, 1, are arranged between the
lever a and the lever 7. The toothed wheels and are connected by a train of
toothed wheels ³, and, of which the toothed-wheels, are mounted on a
is
stud projecting from the crank-arm a³ of the lever a and the toothed-wheel
mounted on a separate stud carried by the said crank-arm. The toothed-wheels,
and have the same number of teeth, and the toothed-wheel which engages the
toothed-wheel, has a less number of teeth so that when the wheel r makes one
revolution the toothed-wheel will be rotated in the reverse direction to the
toothed-wheel and with a greater speed, according to the relative numbers of
teeth in the wheels 3 and 4.
The wheel is engaged periodically by a pawl n¹ (Figs. 11, 14, and 15) that is
carried, hy a pin mounted in a hub cast on the lever and is provided at its pivotted
end with a lug having an inclined surface that can strike against a stop n³,
adjustably mounted in a slot in the lever . The lug n is also provided with two
lateral projections, between which a pin g of a brake g' projects. The brake '
consists of two jaws connected at one side by a link and at the opposite side by a
coiled spring, the jaws.being mounted on a collar cast integral with the bearing V.
A second pawl (Figs. 11 and 14) is mounted loosely on a support N bolted to the
frame of the machine and periodically engages the teeth of the toothed-wheel r.
This pawl is provided at its pivoted end with a lug or extension, having an
inclined surface and two lateral projections. is a stop which acts on the lug and
is adjustable in a slot in the support N. A brake corresponding to the pawl n is
constructed in the same manner as the brake and is mounted on a sleeve or
extension cast integral with the lever l. By this combination of pawls and brakes
the following results are obtained. When the lever is moved in the direction of
the arrow (Fig. 1) the brake ' causes the pawl to engage the wheel
and the brake causes the pawl n to move away from the toothed wheel through
a distance which can be regulated by the position of the adjustable stop (Figs. 11
14 and 15). But when the lever is moved in the reverse direction to the arrow,
the brake g causes the pawl to engage the wheel and the brake g' causes the
pawl to move away from the toothed wheel through a distance regulated by
the position of the adjustable stop n³.
9
On the other side of the doffer P there is arranged similar mechanism to that
hereabove described excepting that there are no parts corresponding to the bevel
wheels c', ², the bearing the shaft the bevel wheels caud and the toothed
wheels and and the pawls and brakes.
The main cylinder T (Fig. 17) is provided with mechanism constructed and arranged
in the same manner as that for the doffer P except with the following slight changes;
the lever shown in Fig. 16, is constructed as a bent lever the eccentric surface of
the part. points toward the pivot of the lever and the cam-piece is convex
instead of being concave, as previously described. The action of the stud i on the
edges of the parts h, k, however, is the same as for the doffer P, inasmuch as the
rollentis, also moved; toward the main cylinder T. Furthermore the bevel pinione.

page_text: s arranged, in the construction shown in Fig. 11, at the inner side of the bevel-
pinion c, whereas in the construction shown in Fig. 17 it is arranged at the outer
side. Finally whereas the pawl n for the doffer engages the wheel (Fig. 11) the
pawl n' for the main cylinder engages the corresponding toothed wheel (Fig. 17)
in other words, the functions of the two pawls for the main cylinder T are merely
the reverse of the functions of the same pawls for the doffer P.
The cranks a' and ', both for the main cylinder T and the doffer P, are attached
at both sides of the machine to connecting rods and w respectively by which an
The movements of the
oscillatory or swinging motion is imparted to them.
functional organs of the above machine take place, according to the second com-
bination as previously described, in three successive periods, as follows:
P
t
1st period. The levers a are in a position of rest, as shown in Figs. 7, 11, and 17
so that the centres of the rollers and are on the line o, o connecting the centres
of the main cylinder T and the doffer P. The levers operated by the connecting
rods w swing in the direction of the arrows 3. The resistance of the brake g' of
the inain cylinder T forces the pawl into engagement with the toothed wheel r,
and the said pawl turns this wheel in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 17). This
rotative movement is transmitted through the bevel wheels and the shaft c',
the bevel pinions c² and c¹ to the roller which is thereby rotated in the direction of
the arrow. Furthermore, the resistance of the brake g¹ on the bearing of the
doffer P causes the pawl to engage the toothed wheel, and the latter is rotated
in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 11). This rotary motion is transmitted
through the wheels, and and is increased in the ratio of the diameters of the
wheels and the motion being transmitted to the wheel in the reverse direction
to the arrow and from the wheel is transmitted by means of the bevel
wheels (Fig. 14) the shaft c, and the bevel-pinions ² and to the
roller P, which in consequence is rotated in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 11),
The brakes
but at a greater speed than the roller t.
are then arrested by the
The
lugs n° and cause, by their resistance, the disengagement of the pawls n.
studs swing with the levers 1, but at this time are not in contact with the faces of
the parts k, k. The levers are thus free and are subjected to the actions of the
springs d, which bring the rollers t and p toward each other and keep them clear
of the cylinders T and P respectively. The degree to which the rollers t and p
approach each other can be easily adjusted by the screws 7.
Toward the close of the first period the pins strike against the faces of the
parts, and cause a withdrawal of the rollers p and t from each other. That is,
they move them towards the main cylinder T and the doffer P respectively, the
screw serving to regulate the throw of the said levers h.
P
2nd period. The levers operated by the connecting rods w perform the second
part of the oscillatory movement, namely, the same distance that they previously
travelled in the first period they now travel in the reverse direction as indicated by
the arrow in Figs. 11 and 17. The levers a operated by the connecting rods
describe the first part of their oscillatory movement in the direction of the arrows 2º.
The levers a and thus swing in the same direction at the same time. Con-
sequently the studs i, which at the end of the first period were in contact with the
faces of the parts k, remain in contact with the same and keep the roller p close to
the doffer and the roller t close to the main cylinder T. The rollers and t of
course participate in the movements of the levers a around the centres o, o in the
directions of the arrows. By the change in the direction of movement of the
levers, the action of the brakes g and g¹ is changed so that the pawls n' are held
out of gear, and the pawls n are brought into gear. In the case of the doffer P,
the pawl a mounted on the fixed support N locks the toothed wheel and prevents
it from turning and also locks the bevel wheel r consequently the bevel wheel c',
which participates in the swinging movements of the lever a, must rotate on the
wheel. It transmits its rotary movement through the shaft and the bevel
wheels and e' to the roller p, which is thereby rotated in a direction the reverse
of that shown by the arrow *. As the ratio between the diameters of the doffer P
»
с

page_text: to the wheel c' is about three to one, and the ratio of the medium oscillatory speed
of the roller p measured on the circumference of the doffer P, to the peripheral
speed of the doffer P is about equal to twenty to one the difference of the latter is
about equal to nineteen when the medium rotative rapidity of the roller p is about
equal to twenty multiplied by three fifths equal 12. The latter speed is thus
less than the difference in the former.
and
In the case of the main cylinder T, the pawl locks the toothed-wheel
thereby forces the toothed-wheel, which participates in the swinging movement
of the lever a, to rotate on the wheel. The rotary movements of the wheel 3
are transmitted by the wheels,,,, and e, to the shaft c, and the bevel-
wheels and c¹, to the roller t, which is thereby rotated in the reverse direction
to the arrow. As the proportion of the diameter of the cylinder T to the
diameter of the roller t is about as five is to one and the proportion of the wheels
from to c is about 5.4 to one and the proportion of the medium oscillatory
speed of the roller to the circumferential speed of the cylinder T is about as
twenty is to five therefore the difference of the latter is about equal to fifteen
and the medium rotary speed of the roller, is equal to 20 x
The latter speed is thus greater than the difference of the former.
Toward the end of the second period, the studs i slide off the faces of the parts k,
as the levers travel through a slightly greater path than the levers a, with the
result that the rollers t and p begin to move from the doffer P and main cylinder T
at the end of the said second period.
5.4
5
-
21.6.
3rd period (Fig. 9). The ferers remain at rest in the positions in which they
were left at the end of the 2nd period. The levers a complete the second part of
their oscillatory movement and travel through the same path that they travel
through during the second period, but in the reverse direction-that is to say they
now move in the direction of the arrows 3, until the centres of the rollers and t
are on the line o o connecting the centres of the cylinder T and doffer P. The
levers participate in the swinging movements of the levers a and the faces of the
parts at the beginning of the 3rd period move from the now stationary studs i
with the result that the rollers p and t gradually move from the doffer P and main
cylinder T and approach each other on the line o, o¹, as far as permitted by the
bolts. As the levers are during this 3rd period at rest, the brakes and gl
remain inoperative, as do also the pawls n and n, and for that reason no rotary
movement is given to the rollers and p during the third period.
At the end of the 3rd period, the 1st period begins again, and the above move-
ments take place during the next three periods as described successively, and so on.
The upper and lower connecting rods u which give the oscillatory movement to
the levers a are operated from the levers and ³ (Figs. 7, S, 9 and 18) which are
arranged at both sides of the machine and are rigidly keyed on the ends of the
upper shaft o² and the lower shaft o³ respectively. The lever u² is arranged near
the middle of the shaft o' and is attached to a connecting-rod ³, jointed to a crank-
pin, and the lever on one end of the shaft o³ receives motion from a con-
necting-rod, which is jointed to a crank-pin us. The two crank-pins u¹ and us
project from crank-discs keyed on a crank-shaft of and are so arranged in relation
to each other that they are both at their dead centres at the same time (see Fig. 7).
The crank-shaft is mounted on longitudinal supports 3 (Figs. 18, 19, and 20)
which are suspended at one end from a cross-piece of the frame, and at the other
end rest on an end cross-piece t³. A bevel wheel is keyed on the crank-shaft of
and is engaged by a bevel wheel, by which it is rotated periodically. The
wheel is connected with a clutch-box e and the socket of a conical friction-
coupling is connected with a clutch-bar e, the two arms of which engage in
notches in the clutch-box e and are adapted to move up and down in said slots as
far as is necessary for engaging or disengaging the conical friction coupling e'.
The wheels, with the clutch-box e as also the clutch-bar e with the friction-box e¹,

page_text: are mounted to rotate upon a vertical shaft m, which is provided with a footstep at m¹.
Above the footstep it is provided with a bevel wheel, which is engaged with and
driven from the bevel wheel on the main shaft W. This main shaft rotates with
a constant speed and transmits its motion to the crank-shaft o' when the friction-
coupling e' is closed. On the ring d' of the said coupling acts a lever (Figs. 18
and 20). This lever is pivotted at d and when the friction-coupling e¹ is closed it
rests upon the latter; the weight of the said lever being increased by the action of
a coiled spring connected with the frame of the machine and with the said
lever In Figs. 18 and 20 3 is an eccentric acting on the friction roller d' of
the lever whereby the said lever is lifted and the friction-coupling el opened. In
this case no transmission of power from the shaft W to the crank-shaft of takes
place, and the crank-shaft is locked in its position of rest by a pawl. This
pawl is pivotted at and secured on a shaft on the other end of which are
fastened an arm and a slotted arm f. A coiled spring shown in dotted lines
in Fig. 18, is connected with the frame of the machine and with the arm, and
the upper end of a rod 18 is connected with an adjustable pin f' in the slot of the
arm, the lower end of the said rod f being connected with the lever d³. When
the lever d² is raised, that is, when the friction-clutch is opened, the rod f³ is raised
and permits the coiled spring f to draw the arin f to the left and therefore the
pawl to the right, the inertia of the crank shaft ot and its connections causes it
to rotate after the clutch is opened until a socket f³, carried by the shaft o arrives
at the pawl, when the latter springs into the socket f³ and arrests rotation of
the shaft.
The crank-shaft is thereby stopped at the moment when the connecting-rods u³
and w' are at their dead centres, the crank-pins u and us and the pawl-socket ƒ³
being arranged accordingly.. When the eccentric e leaves the roller d' the lever d
descends and by means of the rod and arm f removes the pawl from the
socket, just before the conical friction-coupling e' is closed. The crank-shaft o
is thereby released and can be again rotated. The eccentric e³ consists of two
eccentric discs mounted adjacent to each other on a shaft of the discs being adjusted
in relation to each other that the time during which the friction-coupling el remains
open can be increased or decreased as may be necessary. The eccentric-shaft o
receives its rotary movement from the main shaft W by means of a toothed wheel,
the intermediate toothed wheel and the toothed wheel on the shaft oº, and the
proper speed is given to the said eccentric shaft by so proportioning the wheels that
when the friction-clutch is closed the speed of the eccentric shaft to that of the
crank shaft of is as one to one and one half. As that part of the eccentric e³ which
acts on the roller d' of the lever is equal to an arc of about one hundred and
twenty degrees that is to say about one third of the entire circumference the
rotation of the shaft oº can be divided into three parts, which are about equal,
namely, one being the time during which the eccentric keeps the lever d' raised
and the crank-shaft o held stationary and the other two the time during which the
friction-coupling e' is closed and the crank-shaft o' makes an entire revolution and
reciprocates the connecting rods u³, u', which movement is transmitted by means
of the rocking-shafts o², o and the upper and lower connecting-rods u to the levers a
as an oscillating motion.
The mechanism that is used for periodically producing the oscillating movements
of the levers is analogous to the mechanism used for the periodical oscillations of
the levers a. This is also illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 18, 19 and 20 in which the
rod w corresponds to the rod u of the mechanism described above and the other
corresponding parts are provided with the same reference letters, but the reference
indices are different, for examples 60, elo, e, 30, and so on being used in place
of e, e¹, e e³, and so on. No further explanation is necessary, except that the
lever must, as herein before described travel a slightly greater distance than the
lever a which is accomplished by making the levers and slightly shorter than
the levers and u, the dimensions of the other .parts being the same. The

page_text: eccentric is also mounted on the shaft o° and is set at an angle of one hundred
and twenty degrees to the eccentric so that the eccentric e raises the lever (120
one third of a rotation of the shaft o° earlier than the eccentric e³ raises the lever d².
The functions of this driving mechanism for the swinging movements of the levers
and a can also be divided into three periods of about equal duration.
1st period (Figs. 7, 18, 19 and 20). The eccentric e³ has opened the friction-
coupling e by means of the pawl, 2, the crank shaft o' and the levers a have been
brought into a position of rest. The eccentric e30 has left the roller do, permitting
the lever to descend, and the friction-coupling e¹ has been closed so that the
crank-shaft of is rotated and the swinging movement is transmitted to the lever /
in the direction of the arrow 23 as described above with reference to the 1st period.
2nd period (Figs. 8, 18, 19 and 20). The eccentric has left the roller d', the
friction-couplinge is closed the shaft o' is rotated and a swinging movement has
been given to the levers a in the direction of the arrow 2. The friction-clutch e
remains closed, and the shaft o continues to rotate and permits the levers / to
perform the second part of their swinging movement in the direction of the
arrow as described above with reference to the 2nd period.
3rd period (Figs. 9, 18, 19 and 20). The friction-coupling e' remains closed, the
shaft o continues to rotate and the levers a perform the second part of their
swinging movement in the direction of the arrow ³. The eccentric e30 has opened
the friction-clutch e and, by means of the pawl f20, the shaft o0 and the levers
have been locked in the position of rest as described above with reference to the
third period.
The constant rotative movements are transmitted in the following manner:
g (Fig. 20) is the driving pulley. 9° is the loose pulley, w the main shaft, and q¹ the
band pulley for driving the doffer-comb. The power is transmitted from the main
shaft through the toothed wheels 6, 7, and 8 to the eccentric shaft o° and from the
latter, by means of bevel wheels and v¹ (Figs. 19 and 20) to a small vertical
shaft, the axis of which is indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 20, and from the same
through the bevel wheels 2 and 3 to a horizontal longitudinal shaft (the axis of
which is indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 19) whence motion is transmitted by
means of bevel wheels and to the cylinders T. Motion is also transmitted
from the shaft o' through toothed wheels v6 and 7 and bevel wheels and to a
lower horizontal longitudinal shaft from which motion is transmitted by means of
bevel wheels and and a train of gearing is, i, and to the last doffer P and
by means of bevel wheels and to the other doffer or doffers P.
The construction of the members for conveying the fibrous material will of course
depend upon the nature of the said fibrous material. The machine described is
constructed for acting on washed combing wool and the usual feeding devices for
this material have been shown on the left-hand side of Figs. 18 and 19.
The part
of the machine located between dotted lines and a (Figs. 18 and 19)
contains the mechanism for stretching and drawing the material. The small
stretching rollers receives its motion from the first cylinder by means of toothed
wheels m³, m³ and the sprocket wheels m m over which the chain m° passes. The
smaller wheels m², m³, and m³ drive the cleaning roller s from the rollers.
Sometimes a single stretching operation will be sufficient, but usually a number of
such operations must follow each other and the succeeding machinery must be
provided with finely and closely set teeth. This can easily be done without
making any changes in the construction of the machine, as several parts corre-
sponding to those shown between the lines at a and as a can be provided in the
frame of the machine. The fleece of wool is removed from the last doffer P by
means of a book-comb g² or any other suitable device and is then passed over a
table having vertical radiating projections 93 (Fig. 22) which govern the width of
the slivers and conduct them to rollers h² (Figs. 21 and 22). The material is then
passed along a suitable conductor to rollers to fall into a can or be wound on a
bobbin as may be desired.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
:-
1. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous materials, the combination with
two rotary cylinders and two rollers, the said cylinders and rollers being provided
on their peripheries with teeth or projections, of mechanism for moving the rollers
toward and from each other on a line connecting the centres of the two cylinders,
and mechanism for oscillating each roller over the periphery of one of the cylinders,
substantially as hereinhefore described.
2. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous material, the combination with
two rotary cylinders and two rollers, the said cylinders and rollers having their
peripheries provided with teeth or projections, of mechanism for moving the rollers
toward and from each other on a line connecting the centres of the cylinders,
mechanism for oscillating each roller over one of the cylinders, and mechanism for
rotating the rollers in the reverse direction to that of the rotation of the cylinders
while the said rollers are performing their oscillatory movements, substantially as
herein before described.
3. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous material the combination with
two rotary cylinders and two rollers the said cylinders and rollers having their
peripheries provided with teeth or projections, of mechanism for moving the rollers
toward and from each other on a line connecting the centres of the cylinders,
mechanism for oscillating each roller over the periphery of one of the cylinders,
mechanism for rotating each roller in the reverse direction to that of the rotation
of the cylinder over which it oscillates and mechanism for rotating the rollers in
the same direction as the cylinders when the said rollers are in a line connecting
the centres of the cylinders, substantially as herein before described.
4. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous material, the combination with
two rotary cylinders and two rollers, the said cylinders and rollers having their
peripheries provided with teeth or projections, of mechanism for oscillating each
roller over the periphery of one of the cylinders, mechanism for rotating the rollers
during the time that they oscillate mechanism for holding the peripheries of the
rollers in close proximity to the peripheries of the cylinders during the time that
the rollers perform the said oscillatory movements, mechanism for moving the
rollers from the peripheries of the cylinders and toward each other when the said
rollers oscillate toward the line connecting the centres of the cylinders and
mechanism for rotating the said rollers in the same direction as the cylinders when
the said rollers are in the line connecting the centres of the cylinders, substantially
as herein before described.
5. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous material, the combination with
a cylinder, of swinging levers mounted on the shaft of the cylinder, slides on the
ends of the said levers, a roller mounted in the said slides, springs acting on the
slides, frames connected with the springs, and levers acting on the said frames to
compress the springs and draw the roller toward the surface of the cylinder,
substantially as herein before described.
6. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous material, the combination with
a cylinder of swinging levers on the shaft of the same, slides in the said levers, a
roller parallel with the cylinder and mounted in the slides, springs pressing the
slides outward, rods connected with the said slides, frames connected with the
rods, levers adapted to act on the said frame, and swinging arms each provided
with a stud that acts on one of these levers substantially as herein before
described.
7. In a machine for treating fibrous material, the combination with a cylinder,
of swinging levers on the shaft of the same slides on the outer ends of said levers,
a roller parallel with the cylinder and mounted in the said slides, springs for
pressing the slides outward, rods connected with the slides, frames connected with
the said rods, and levers acting on the said rods and provided with cam-edges,

page_text: swinging arms mounted on the shaft of the cylinder, and an adjustable stud on each
of the said swinging arms, which adjustable stud acts on the above mentioned cam-
surfaces, substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous, material, the combination with
a cylinder, of swinging levers on the shaft of the same, a roller parallel with the
cylinder mounted in the said swinging levers gearing for rotating the said roller,
a toothed wheel on the shaft of the cylinder for operating the gearing for rotating
the roller and automatically operating pawls for locking at intervals the said
toothed wheel on the cylinder substantially as herein before described.
9. In a machine for preparing or carding fibrous material, the combination with
a cylinder, of swinging levers on the shaft of the same, a roller mounted on the
outer ends of the said levers, a toothed wheel mounted loosely on the shaft of the
cylinder, gearing for rotating the said roller from the said toothed wheel gearing
for rotating the said toothed wheel in oue direction, gearing for rotating the said
toothed wheel in the reverse direction, two pawls for locking the said gearing at
intervals, and two brakes operating the said pawls substantially as hereinbefore
described.
10. My improved machine for preparing or carding fibrous material, constructed
arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
and shown in Figs. 7 to 20 inclusive of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 24th day of October 1892.
G. MEYER,
By L. W., per F. B.