Improvements relating to Tires for Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Tires for Vehicles.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., of 18,
Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention a communication to me from abroad by Frederick Stewart,
of 30, Broad Street, in the City of New York, United States of America, Lawyer,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to rubber tires for vehicles and has for its object to provide
a tire having a tread portion or tire proper of rubber seated within a channeled
metallic rim adapted to be applied to a vehicle wheel, the construction being
such that the tire will be firmly held in place within the metallic rim by means
of one or more retaining wires, while at the same time cutting of the rubber by
the action of the retaining devices and of the rim will be prevented.
To these ends my invention consists in certain novel features which I will now
proceed to describe and will then particularly point out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a perspective view partly in transverse section, of a portion of a
tire embodying my invention.
Figure 2 is a central longitudinal sectional view through the rubber portion
of the tire or tire proper, the retaining wire and plates being shown in elevation.
Figure 3 is a plan view, the rubber being shown in section on the line 3-3
of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view, illustrating certain modifications of the
structural details and
Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view, illustrating a modified form of the
retaining plates.
My improved tire comprises a metallic rim 10, annular in form and fitted upon
the felly of a vehicle wheel. This rim is grooved or channeled, as indicated in
section in Figs. 1 and 4, the sides of the grooves being formed by outwardly
extending flanges 11 which diverge from each other in an outward direction away
from the wheel centre and which are preferably rounded at their extreme outer
edges and upon their exposed lateral surfaces, as shown in the drawing.
concaved
in connection with this metallic rim I employ a tire proper 12 which is made
of rubber and is preferably of a construction or formation in which the inner por- .
ion of the tire, which lies within the channel of the rim, is shaped to conform to
aid channel, or, in other words, is of
owards the centre of the wheel, while its
a decreasing width inward
S first
outer or exposed portion
or inwardly rounded and
s to its outer portion or apex. The tyre is so proportioned to and located
then outwardly rounded
ithin the rim that the angle of junction between the inner and outer portions
hereof lies at or outward beyond the outer periphery of the flanges 11, the
oncavity of the sides of the tire beyond said flanges preventing the outer or
xposed portion of the rubber from being forced over the edges of the flanges and
eing thereby cut or injured, and the rounding of the side edges of the flanges
rving also to protect the rubber from injury in this manner.
cation of the angle of meeting of the outer and inner portions of the rubber at
Furthermore, the
outwardly beyond the outer periphery of the flanges serves to prevent particles
dirt or other substance from entering between the rubber and the rim and
[DO71

page_text: thereby tending to damage and displace the tire. The inner portion of the tire,
which is enclosed within the channel, is provided on its underside with a
strengthening or reinforcing strip 13 of canvas or other suitable fabric or material.
While I prefer to give to the tire proper the configuration and relative propor-
tions and arrangement to the rim just described, the principal feature of my
invention, to be hereinafter described, is applicable to other forms and proportions
of tire.
The rubber tire is provided with an aperture or passage 14 extending con-
tinuously therethrough to receive the retaining wire 15. This aperture may be
located either at or below or above the plane of the meeting angles of the outer
and inner portions of the tire, so that when the several parts are assembled, said
wire may lie either at or above or below the outer periphery of the flanges of the
metallic rim. In conjunction with the retaining wire 15 1 employ a plurality of
retaining plates 16, which are embedded in and vulcanized to the rubber in such
a manner as to cause the rubber and the plates to firmly adhere to each other, the
plates being not loose in the rubber and being incapable of movement relative
thereto. These retaining plates may be of any material of suitable rigidity,
being preferably made of metal, such as steel or brass, and lying below the line
of the aperture or passage 14 and consequently between the retaining wire and
the bottom of the rim 10. Each plate is of a width slightly less than the width.
of the channel of the rim at the bottom thereof and is curved to correspond with
the curvature of the rim longitudinally of the tire as indicated in Fig. 2. Each
plate is also provided with an outwardly extending loop or eye 17, which has a
passage 18 therethrough for the retaining wire 15. I employ the term loop or
eye to indicate this part, for the reason that I prefer to employ such a loop or eye
which entirely encloses or surrounds the wire, forming substantially a continuation
or portion of the aperture of passage 14, but I wish it understood that it is only
essential for the purposes of my invention that said loop or eye should embrace
the wire at the sides thereof so as to prevent lateral movement of the wire
relatively to the rim without tilting of the retaining plates, so that I wish to be
understood as including in said term loop or eye a construction in which the outer
part of said loop or eye may be omitted.'
The edges of the retaining plates will be rounded off as shown in order to prevent
cutting of the rubber at its points of contact with said angles, and when the plates
are, made of a material, such as brass, which is not characterized by the highest
degree of rigidity, they may be tapered so as to be of increased thickness at their
central portion, as indicated in section in Figure 1, although this taper may be
omitted when the plates are made of steel or other highly rigid material.
The particular details of construction hereinbefore specifically described, while
deemed advantageous, may be varied without departing from the principle of my
invention. As an illustration of this I have indicated in Figure 4 a construction
which differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that the flanges and bottom of the
metallic rim do not meet at an angle internally, but are rounded at their junction,
the rubber tire being similarly rounded and the outer lateral edges or portions of
the retaining plates being correspondingly curved upward and outward to maintain
a sufficient thickness of rubber between said plates and the metallic rim at these
points. I have also shown in Figure 5 a modified form of retaining plate in which
the loop or eye is formed by cutting two parallel slits through the plate and forcing
the strip thus formed upward by means of suitable dies. The body of the plate
may be depressed at the same time, as indicated in dotted lines of said figure, in
which case the passage is formed partly in the plate and partly in the strip.
By the employment of the retaining plates embedded and held in the rubber and
engaged with the retaining wire I am enabled to prevent displacement of the wire
and of the rubber tire from the rim and also to prevent the wire from cutting and
destroying the rubber tire. For it will be seen that upon any attempt to move
the wire laterally with respect to the rim, such movement is resisted by the retain-
ing plate, which, owing to its being embedded in and adhering to the rubber, can-

page_text: in a lateral direction, and which is prevented from tilting so a
to permit an outward movement of the wire by reason of its broad bearing upo
the rubber immediately above and adjacent to the bottom of the rim. The wir
cannot move laterally without lateral movement of the retaining plates, and thes
5 latter cannot move in this manner for the reason just stated. Moreover, th
retaining plates being embedded in and adhering to the rubber cannot move
relatively to this latter and will not therefore tend to cut or fracture the rubber
as would be the case if they were capable of movement relatively thereto and were
thereby adapted to enlarge and increase the opening formed by the space between
0 them and the surrounding rubber. Furthermore, where the retaining plates are
provided with eyes which completely surround the retaining wire there is a ten-
dency for said wire to bind in the eyes when the rubber tire is in place in the rim,
owing to the fact that the wire is curved between the eyes and has a natural
tendency to straighten itself, which tendency is exerted against the walls of the
eyes and causes a binding of the wire in the eyes which prevents longitudinal
moving or creeping of the wire within the tire.
The
It will be understood, of course, that the several parts are assembled in the
manner usual in the tires of this description, the wire being passed through the
openings 18 in the eyes 17, the opening in the eye being somewhat larger than the
wire, so as to compensate for deviation in molding. The rubber is then com-
pressed on the wire and the exposed ends of the latter joined by brazing, welding,
electrically or otherwise, intertwisting or in any other suitable manner.
rubber is then released and its ends cemented together and the rubber tire placed
within the metallic rim in any approved manner, or the ends of the wire and
rubber may be joined after the tire is placed within the rim. If desired, two
retaining wires may be employed, the rubber tire being provided with two aper-
tures or passages and each retaining plate being provided with two eyes or loops.
My present invention, is, however, more particularly adapted for use with a single
retaining wire, being devised to that end, and the construction being such, by
reason of the broad bearing of the retaining plates that efficiency in preventing
the unseating of the tire is obtained by the use of such plates with a single retain-
ing wire equal to or greater than that obtained by the use of two retaining wires,
and I am thus enabled to dispense with one of the two retaining wires usually
employed in tires of this description. In order to more firmly and intimately
unite the retaining plates with the rubber of the tire I prefer to form apertures
hrough said plates, as indicated at 19, Figs. 2 and 3, the rubber extending through
aid apertures and uniting the body of rubber lying above said plate with that
ying below it and thereby still more firmly uniting the plate with the rubber
f which the tire is composed. It should be understood, however, that the
dvantages upon my improved construction may be attained in a great measure
nd to a satisfactory extent without permanently uniting the retaining plates to
he rubber of the tire in the manner herein before set forth by causing adhesion
f the surfaces of the two and by employing apertures in the plates through which
e rubber may extend, as an operative structure may be produced by simply
closing the plates in the rubber. Various other modifications will suggest
emselves, and I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise
tails hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
I am aware that it has been heretofore proposed to employ wire links in the
olding of rubber tires for the purpose of properly centering the wire cores by
eans of which the apertures for the retaining wires are formed, said links being
anged endwise with respect to the rim and being left in the tire after it is
lded. My present invention is distinguished from such a construction by
son of the fact that I employ plates having an extended bearing surface and
anged not edgewise to but parallel with the body of the rim and serving by
h extended bearing to prevent any disengagement of the tire by reason of the
possibility of their tilting under strain, as herein before pointed out. Such
tes, being located at separated points or intervals within the tire and not

page_text: directly connected with each other, preserving the flexibility and resiliency..of the
tire and facilitate its application to the rim of the, wheel. .
.. J.
Having now particularly described and "ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that "what
I claim is—
1. The combination, with a channeled metallic rim, of a rubber tire. fitting
within said rim and provided with an aperture or passage throughout its interior,
independent retaining plates, each having a broad bearing surface, said retaining
plates being embedded in. said rubber tire at separated. points or intervals with
their bearing surfaces substantially parallel. to the bottom of the rim, and said
plates being provided with eyes or loops, and a retaining wire passing through the
aperture or passage in the.rubber tire and through the eyes or loops of the retain-
ing plates, substantially as described.....
2. The combination, with a channeled metallic rim, of a rubber tire fitting
within said rim and provided with a central. aperture or passage throughout its
interior, independent retaining plates, each having a broad bearing surface, said
retaining plates being embedded in said rubber tire at separated points or intervals
with their bearing surfaces substantially parallel to the bottom of the rim, and
cach plate being provided with a central eye or loop, and a retaining wire passing
through the aperture or passage in the rubber tire and through the eyes or loops
of the retaining plates, substantially as described.
3. The combination, with a channeled metallic rim, of a rubber tire fitting
within said rim and provided with a passage or aperture throughout its interior,
independent retaining plates, each having a broad bearing surface, said retaining
plates being embedded in and permanently united by adhesion to said rubber tire
at separated points or intervals with their bearing surfaces substantially parallel
to the bottom of the rim, and a retaining wire passing through the aperture or
passage in the rubber tire and through the eyes or loops of the retaining plates,
substantially as described.
4. The combination, with a channeled metallic rim, of a rubber tire fitting within
said rim and provided with a central aperture or passage throughout its interior,
a plurality of independent retaining plates, each having a broad bearing surface,
said retaining plates being embedded in said rubber tire at separated points or
intervals with their bearing surfaces substantially parallel to the bottom of the
rim within the outer periphery thereof, and provided with an outwardly extending
eye or loop, and a retaining wire passing through the aperture or passage in the
rubber tire and through the eyes or loops of the retaining plates, substantially
as described.
5. The combination, with a metallic rim having outwardly diverging flanges
forming a channel, of a rubber tire having a correspondingly shaped inner portion
to fit said channel and an outer portion the sides of which are at an angle to the
inner portion and hollowed or concaved adjacent to the lines of junction which
are located at or outward from the outward periphery of said flanges, said rubber
tire having an aperture or passage throughout its interior, independent retaining
plates, each having a broad bearing surface, said retaining plates being embedded
in said rubber tire at separated points or intervals with their bearing surfaces
substantially parallel to the bottom of the rim and provided with outwardly extend-
ing eyes or loops, and a retaining wire passing through the aperture or passage
in the rubber tire and through the eyes or loops of the retaining plates, sub-
tially as described.
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