CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR UPON THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF LEATHER, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Whinerey, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Leather Merchant, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR UPON THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF
LEATHER, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 5th July 1853, and dated the 6th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Whinerey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th January 1853.
I, ROBERT WHINEREY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Leather Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention'
for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR UPON THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT
OF LEATHER, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
In the process of unhairing skins or hides I use an hydrate or a
sulphuret of lime.
In preparing the "pelts" for tanning or curing I use an alkali or
acid, or both.

page_text: In tanning, preserving, or curing them I use an alkali, with bark,
sumac, terra japonica, myrabolams, valonia, or "divi divi," or the ex-
tract of any of the above, or tammin or salt of metallic oxide, or an
acid alkali or neutral salt, either separately or in combination.
For blooming or coloring I use the acetate or any other soluble salt
of lead, or chloride of barium, or any other barytic salt, dissolved with
any suitable coloring principle, and afterwards immersed in or washed
over with sulphate of soda or dilate acid.
For filling the pores of tanned sole or insole of leather as used for
boots or shoes I use prepared gutta percha, india-rubber, gum, gum
resin, oil, tallow, bees' wax, gelatine, tar, pitch, resin in solution, cement,
or paste. For the upper leather as used for boots and shoes I use a
partly saponified grease or "dubbin," rendered antiseptic by a salt or salts
of metallic oxides or an acid; and I use any of the before-mentioned
articles, either for sole or upper leather, separately or in combination, in
a suitable temperature, or in vacuo; and for a black I use a solution of a
salt of the peroxide of iron in combination with an alkali or an acid,
or both.
And, lastly, my improvements consist in uniting, attaching, con-
necting, or annexing hides, skins, or "pells," leather, leather shavings,
splits, or pieces of leather, or for cutting them into strands, threads, or
torn asunder by mechanical means, combined with linen, cotton, woollen,
hemp, hair, jute wood, cork, grass, or sponge, or other fibrous material,
or textile fabric, or steel filings, or iron do., or small metallic substances,
or emery powdered, or wire, or metallic strips or sheets, or india-rubber,
or gutta percha, or for a solution of gutta percha or india-rubber, or a
spirit, or an acid, or gum, or gum resin, or oil, or gelatine, or for a solu-
tion, cement, or paste, or of any of the articles, either separately or in
combination, and for pegs, nails, or rivets, or holes pierced diagonally,
or so as to form a dovetail, and for spinning, or spinning and weaving,
or to attach a number of spands side by side, or cementing, or pasting,
or masticate, or knead, or mix, or roll, or form in a press, or in a die or
mould, or on a block or core, or to form a round or flat rope, or band, or
web, or shut, or pieces of any required shape, width, or thickness, or to fill
up with pegs, nails, or rivets, or cement, paste, or solution of the above-

page_text: named substances, either separately or in combination while in a plastic
state or otherwise, all interstices or holes in the leather, or leather and
the before-mentioned materials, and for a prepared gutta percha and
leather sole, that can be applied to boots and shoes as an ordinary
gutta percha solc.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Whinerey in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 6th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ROBERT WHINEREY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Leather
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Robert Whinerey, Her special license that I, the said
Robert Whinerey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Robert Whinerey, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR UPON THE MANU-
FACTURE AND TREATMENT OF LEATHER, EITHER ALONE OR IN COMBINATION
WITH OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I,
the said Robert Whinerey, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Whinercy, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement (that is to say):
My improvements in or upon the manufacture and treatment of
leather, either alone or in combination of with other materials, relate,
firstly, to the process of unbairing skins or hides; secondly, to the pro-
cess of preparing the "pelts" for tanning, preserving, or curing;
thirdly, to the process of tanning, preserving, or curing the same;
fourthly, to the process of "blooming" or coloring; fifthly, to the
process of filling the pores of tanned, dressed, or curried leather;
sixthly, to the use of a peculiar stain or dye for blackening the
leather; and, lastly, to the uniting, connecting, or combining leather
with other substances, animal, vegetable, or mineral. The first part of
my improvements consists in the application, employment, or use of an
hydrate of soda, and chlorile of sodium, or a sulphuret of lime, for the
purpose of unhairing the skins or hides. The second part of my
Invention consists in the use of an alkali or an acid, or both, in the
process of preparing the "pelts" for tanning. The third part of my
Invention consists in the employment of an alkali with bark, sumac,
trifolium, terra japonica, myrabolans, valonia, or "divi divis," or the
extract of any of the above, or tannin, or salt of metallic oxide, or an
acid, alkali, or neutral salt, either separately or in combination with
each other, for the purpose of tanning, preserving, or curing the
"pelts, or rendering the same insoluble. The fourth part of my
Invention consists in the application or employment of the acetate or
any other soluble salt of lead or chloride of barium, or any other
barytic salt, dissolved with any suitable coloring principle, for "bloom-
ing or coloring the leather, and subsequently immersing or washing
over with a solution of sulphate of soda or diluted acid. The fifth
part of my Invention consists in filling the pores of tanned, dressed, or
curried leather, or in the process of currying, by means of prepared
gutta percha, india-rubber, gum, gum resin, oil, boiled linseed oil,
tallow, bees' wax, gelatine, tar, pitch, resin in solution, cement, or paste,
cither separately or in combination, in a suitable temperature, or w
vuco. In the process of currying, or for dressed or tanned leather, I
employ a saponified or a partly saponified grease or "dubbin,"

page_text: rendered antiseptic or otherwise by a salt or salts of metallic oxides, or
an acid, either separately or in combination with each other, in a suitable
temperature, or in vacuo. The sixth part of my Invention consists in
the use of a solution of a salt of the peroxide of iron in combination
with an alkali or an acid, or both, for the purpose of producing a black
stain or dye for blackening the surface of the leather. The seventli
and last part of my Invention consists, firstly, in attaching, connecting,
or combining hides, skins, or "pelts" or leather, or splits, shavings,
strands, or other pieces or shreads of leather or hide, with linen, cotton,
wool, hemp, hair, jute wood, cork, grass, sponge, or other fibrous
material or textile fabric. Secondly, in combining the said materials
with metallic filings or other small metallic substances, or emery, or
wire, or strips or sheets of metal, or wire, or cloth. Thirdly, in com-
bining, connecting, or attaching the said materials by means of india-
rubber or gutta percha, or a solution of india-rubber or gutta percha,
or a spirit, or an acid, or gum, or gum resin, or oil, or boiled linseed
oil, or gelatine, or a solution, cement, or paste, either separately or in
combination with each other, or by means of pins, pegs, nails, screws,
or rivets, or holes pierced in a diagonal direction, or so as to form a
dovetail. Fourthly, by spinning and weaving strands or threads of
hide or leather, or attaching or connecting strands or threads together
by cementing, pasting, or otherwise. Fifthly, by masticating, kneading,
mixing, rolling, or pressing the said materials, either alone or in com-
bination with other animal or with vegetable or mineral substances, or
both, so as to form round or flate rope, or band, or boots, or shoes, or
boxes, or portmanteaus, or bags, or sacks, or slips, or hose, or harness,
or any other article of which leather forms a part, or web, or sheet, or
form in a press or die, or in a mould, or on a block, or core, or pieces
of any required form, length, width, or thickness, and by which means
I can also prepare leather and gutta percha that can be applied to
boots and shoes in the same manner as gutta percha. I also use the
hide, pelt, or skin either in its raw state or partly manufactured; after
being put into the required shape, continue the process of manufacture,
as long as will give permanency to the form imparted.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said Invention

page_text: of improvements in or upon the manufacture and treatment of leather,
either alone or in combination with other materials, I would remark, in
conclusion, that I claim as my Invention:-Firstly, the use of hydrate
of soda and chloride of sodium, or a sulphuret of lime, for "unhairing"
skins or hides. Secondly, the use of an alkali or acid, or both, for
preparing the same for tanning. Thirdly, I claim the use of an alkali
in combination with the substances before mentioned, or an acid, alkali,
or neutral salt, either separately or in combination, for tanning or pre-
serving the hides. Fourthly, I claim "blooming" the leather by means
of a soluble salt of lead or a barytic salt dissolved with any suitable
coloring principle, and afterwards immersing in or washing over with
sulphate of soda or diluted acid. Fifthly, I claim filling the pores of
leather with the materials above mentioned. Sixthly, I claim the
staining or blackening the surface of the leather by means of a solution
of a salt of a peroxide of iron in combination with an acid or an alkali,
or both. And, lastly, I claim attaching, combining, or connecting hide
or leather together, or with other animal substances, or with vegetable
or mineral substances, by any of the above-described methods.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Whinercy, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
ROBERT WHINEREY. (L.S.)