matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COVERING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allen and William
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th August 1864.
We, WILLIAM ALLEN, of Cheadle, in the County of Chester, Cotton
Spinner, and WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Newton Moor, in the same County,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF COVERING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the covering of the rollers called "top rollers,"
which are employed in slubbing, roving, and drawing frames, mules, and
other machinery for preparing, spinning, and doubling cotton and other fibrous
substances. Such rollers are usually covered with a layer or two of felt,
which is afterwards enclosed with leather, the joints being made in a line
parallel to the axis of the roller, and which has always a tendency to open
and cause irregularity in rotation and pressure.
The improved method consists in cutting or forming the material with
which the roller is to be covered angularly at the ends, so that when the
ends are cemented together the joint commences at one part of the roller
and passes around it diagonally, terminating at a point about diametrically
opposite the direction of the joint, partaking of a spiral line partly round the

page_text: roller; by this means a better joint is effected, and a thick felt or material
may be used instead of two pieces being required to make the required thick-
This is also applicable to the covering of leather or other material
employed to enclose the felt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFER DAMS AND QUAY WALLS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Appleby and Josiah
Vavasseur at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th January 1864.
We, CHARLES JAMES APPLEBY, of No. 30, Gracechurch Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, and JOSIAH VAVASSEUR, of No. 28, Gravel Lane,
Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFER DAMS AND QUAY WALLS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to simplify the construction and
application of coffer dams and temporary quay walls for the purpose of
executing hydraulic works and foundations with a great economy of time,
labour, and material. To effect this object we propose (instead of forming
the sides of coffer dams and quay walls for temporary purposes by means of
close timbering or tongued sheet piling, as has hitherto been generally in use)
to drive at certain distances apart square timbers with their corners pointing
to the face of the coffer dam or temporary water wall. The space between
the piles is filled in in front with pieces of curved iron or other suitable
material, which abut on the angular outer sides of the said piles; and to still
further prevent the water penetrating into the interior of the coffer dam it is
proposed to rivet or otherwise attach to the edges of the plates a thin strip of
iron or other metal, or india-rubber, or leather, or any other suitable substance
which will lie against the face of the pile. Although the pressure of the
water against the outside of the arched or curved plates would keep the same

page_text: in their position, and prevent the water passing into the interior of the work,
they may also, if necessary, be kept tight against the face of the piles by
means of tie rods, or of screwed back ties to cross walings at the back of the
upright piles. These back ties are attached to the curved plates by means
of a T-iron rivetted on the inside along the crown of the arch or in any other
suitable manner, thereby giving additional stiffness to these plates. Altho'
in the above description the filling in of the panels has been said to be
effected by means of curved plates abutting against square piles, it will be
understood that the arrangement of the vertical piles, which piles may be of
any suitable transverse section or material, and any convenient distance apart,
is open to various modifications, so as to admit of a filling in by panel plates
of a different configuration in accordance with such arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gothard, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant, and Herbert Garland, of the same Place, Designer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS."
Sealed the 7th March 1865, and dated the 16th November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gothard and
Herbert Garland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with.
their Petition, on the 16th November 1864.
We, JAMES GOTHARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,.
Merchant, and HERBERT GARLAND, of the same Place, Designer, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of fire--
bars for furnaces, whereby the slag formed during the process of combustion.
is prevented from accumulating thereon, and the furnace bars are preserved
from the unequal wear and destruction to which they are ordinarily subjected.
The fire-bars may be constructed in three different ways,-
Firstly, with a number of longitudinal slots or openings formed therein.
Secondly, the bars may be constructed in a solid form, and with or without
Tpieces at the ends.

page_text: Thirdly, the bars may be constructed in a tubular form, that is, having a
passage through the same from end to end.
The external form of the bars is the same in each of the above-mentioned
modes of construction, the transverse section thereof being of a diamond or
lozenge form. The bars are constructed of wrought or cast-iron, or steel, or
other suitable material or materials. The bars are placed in a frame so as to
allow of each bar being rotated when necessary, whereby a fresh surface can
be presented to the action of the fuel under combustion, and thus prevent the
necessity for the substitution of entirely new bars until the several sides or
surfaces of those in use are destroyed or burnt off. The sharp angular edges
of the bars being placed upwards, the slag formed during the process of com-
bustion falls in a molten state upon and slides down the sloping surfaces of the
fire-bars without adhering to or clogging the same, a free current of air
through the body of fuel under combustion being thus obtained, while the
heat proceeding therefrom is equalized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS AND DUMMY TARGETS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fox Bland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1864.
I, JAMES FOX BLAND, of Dorset Square, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, a Captain in Her Majesty's 76th Regiment of Infantry, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS AND
DUMMY TARGETS," to be as follows:-
As regards my improvements in targets they consist in constructing same
with raised concentric rings, which need not necessarily be colored. The
object and intention of this part of this Invention being to prevent the
spreading of the marks made on the target by the splashing of the shot after
it has struck same, and which now takes place with targets as heretofore
constructed. For example, suppose a shot to strike the improved target
between any two of the aforesaid raised concentric rings, the splashing of the
shot will be arrested by the inner edge of one ring and the outer edge of the
other ring, thus enabling the precise part at which the target has been struck
to be readily seen and ascertained. I propose to number the spaces between
the rings in consecutive order.
And as regards my improvements in dummy targets, they consist in con-
structing same in the following manner:-To the edges of an ordinary
dummy target I affix any convenient number of projecting pieces or arms of
any convenient shape, size, and color, say, for example, I use six arms, which I
set out at equal distances asunder. Upon the top right arm I paint the

page_text: numeral 1, and on the other arms I paint the numerals 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 in regular
succession, placing Number 2 below Number 1, and so on. In the centre of
said target I adjust a white index hand or pointer, which may be concealed
when out of use. The other parts of the dummy target are black with white
numerals. This index hand I propose to move by a handle and endless cord
passing over a pulley fixed on the pivot of the index hand, said cord passes
over another pulley fixed to the lower part of the framework which supports
the dummy target. In using this dummy target, the before-mentioned handle
has simply to be turned partly round until the index hand is brought opposite
to the number or color corresponding to the circle struck on the target fired
After which place a dise on the dummy target to shew the position of the
shot on the shooting target. Thus the hand denotes the value, and the disc
position of a shot fired at the shooting target.
at.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STOPPERING OR RENDERING AIR-TIGHT BOTTLES & JARS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Chidley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1864.
1, JOHN JAMES CHIDLEY, Gentleman, of No. 11, Glaskin Street, Hackney,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF STOPPERING OR RENDERING AIR-TIGHT BOTTLES & JARS," to be as
follows:-
I propose to make a bottle or jar with two or three points or studs inside
the neck at about ths of an inch from the top, and at equal distances apart;
I I propose to make the stopper of about an inch long, and at its smaller end
make 2 or 3 grooves corresponding to the studs, perpendicular at their
opening, so as to permit the studs to enter them; these grooves should ascend
about th of an inch, and then go round the stopper on a slight incline
upwards so as to become like a screw thread, the top of the stopper also
should have a flat rim or flange on its under surface, on which is placed a
washer of cork or other suitable material, on placing the stopper in the neck
of the bottle or jar, and turning it slightly, the studs having entered the stopper
act in combination with the grooves as a screw, and by pressing the under
surface or flange on the top of the neck renders it air-tight. If a cap is
preferred the same.points or studs can be placed on the outside of the neck
and arranged as before described, the cap has. the grooves on the inside
corresponding to the studs as before described, and has also inside the top

page_text: a washer of cork or other suitable material.
same, and by the same means, viz., the
purpose of a screw.
The result in each case is the
studs and grooves serving the
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Truss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1864.
I, SIDNEY TRUSS, of Hough Green, City of Chester, in the County of
Cheshire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
One of such improvements consists in the construction of hollow metal
rails with one or more heads or wearing surfaces, either of which is brought
to the position required for the rolling stock of railways and tramways to
run upon.
Another of my said improvements consists in filling the hollow rails with
wood or other suitable material to lessen concussion or jar, as also for
strength.
Another of my said improvements consists in the construction of solid rails
with three or more heads or wearing surfaces, either of which is brought to
the position required for the rolling stock of railways and tramways to
run upon..
Another of my said improvements consists in the construction of metal
rails with wood to form part of the head or wearing surfaces, by wood being
secured in a longitudinal hollow cavity in the rail, or to the side or sides of
the rail, by screw bolts or other suitable appliances.

page_text: For convenience of manufacture and transport the rails may be constructed
in two or more parts, the several parts being rivetted, bolted, or otherwise
secured to each other longitudinally, or made to lap each other for additional
strength.
These rails are constructed to rest upon wood or metal sleepers laid
longitudinally, transversely, or diagonally, or either or all combined, and can
be secured to the same with or without the use of metal chairs by screw
bolts, pins, or other suitable appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF FIRE-RESISTING CEMENTS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1864.
I, EDWARD YOUNG, of Oughtibridge, near Sheffield, in the County of York,
Fire-brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF FIRE-RESISTING
CEMENTS AND MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment and use of titanic acid (commonly
called "rutile") in the manufacture of fire-resisting bricks, cements, or
materials, or in the use of other ores of titanium, such as "ilmenite," for
example, which can be procured sufficiently pure for the purpose.
In manufacturing the improved fire-resisting material or compound, the
ores of titanium employed are first to be reduced to powder, and then mixed
in about equal proportions with the well-known material called " 'ganister'
(a silicious stone), also pulverized, or with powdered silica, as pure as can be
readily obtained, and when these components are thoroughly mixed they are
to be moistened with milk of lime, in which condition the compound is to be
tempered and moulded into the required shape or form, and afterwards to be
dried and burnt in the usual manner employed for ordinary silica or fire-
bricks.
Secondly, the improvements consist in the use of ores of titanium in com-
bination with carbon, steatite, or alumina, or other silicates of alumina in the
above proportions, or nearly so, and for the aforesaid purpose, the materials

page_text: when mixed being moistened with water only, or a solution of water and
sulphate of potash, fluor, spar, or other suitable flux or cement. The fire-
resisting material or cement when manufactured as above described may be
applied to the making of crucibles or pots for tuyeres for blast furnaces,
Bessemer vessels, cupolas, and forges, and for bricks for lining all kinds of
furnaces, such as steel melting furnaces, puddling furnaces, glass furnaces, and
for the making of gas and other retorts. The improved fire-resisting materials
may also be used unburnt in the form of a plaster or cement for lining fur-
naces and fire-places, or for forming a lining or casing in other places where
the action of fire has to be resisted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING BOTTLES, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Smith and John Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 9th June 1864.
We, MICHAEL SMITH and JOHN SMITH, of No. 1, Grinfield Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancashire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING BOTTLES, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
APPLICABLE THERETO," to be as follows:-
We first have an oblong or square frame made of metal or wood, supported
by two sides attached to said frame. These sides are made of metal or wood,
and are attached at the bottom to broad pieces of the same material to steady
the whole machine; we then place in the frame as many pistons as we may
think proper, to which we attach cranks, having knee joints in the centre of
them; the opposite ends of the cranks to those to which the pistons are attached
are inserted so as to move in the top part of the frame. The pistons are made
so as to pass through the under part of the frame. To one end of each piston
is attached an arm made of the same material as the piston, which serves as a
guide to each piston, and which guide works or passes through a slip of iron
or wood fastened to each side of the frame, which slip passes through the
cranks, and causes the guide to work in a perpendicular motion. Under the
frame is arranged a cross piece of wood or iron, wherein are placed tubes to
receive the corks. The tubes have flanges at the ends, through which the
corks are forced. The cross piece of wood or iron containing the tubes for
the corks moves up and down, so as to come exactly under the ends of the

page_text: pistons. We connect the cranks containing the pistons at the knee joints
together with a slip of iron or any other material we may think proper to use.
To the left-hand side of the frame we attach a spring, which spring is attached
also to the end of the slip of iron or whatever attaches the cranks together;
and at the right-hand side of the frame we place a lever or screw, which is
also attached to the slip of iron or whatever connects the cranks together, by
which we give the crank oscillating motion, which forces the pistons into the
tubes containing the corks, and thereby forces the corks into the bottles. We
also place a moveable platform under the piece of iron or wood containing the
tubes with the corks, to which a lever is attached and worked by the foot.
The bottles are placed in a box, which is divided into compartments so as to
contain as many bottles as there are pistons in the machine, which box being
placed on the platform the platform is raised up by the foot being placed upon
the lever attached to the platform for the purpose of forcing the bottles up to
the tubes containing the corks, and also moving the cross piece containing the
tubes with the corks in them under the pistons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONTINUOUS SELF-ACTING CONDENSER, BEING A NEW BOILER FEEDING APPA- BATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julian Brière at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April 1864.
I, JULIAN BRIÈRE, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Mechanician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONTINUOUS SELF-ACTING CONDENSER, BEING A NEW BOILER FEEDING APPA-
BATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in a self-acting apparatus for
feeding water to steam boilers for which Letters Patent were granted to me,
bearing date the 18th August 1862, No. 2317, and entitled "A Continuous
Self-acting Condenser, being a New Boiler Feeding Apparatus." The leading
feature of that self-acting feeder consisted in the employment of a rocking
frame mounted on a rocking shaft, both of which were moved one way by the
weight of water introduced into a reservoir fixed upon the frame, and the
other way by a weight. This vibrating movement put in action two round
valves or cocks, which put the apparatus either in communication with the
boiler, or with the well or reservoir containing the supply water.
I have found by experience that the weight of the vibrating frame caused
a detrimental wear and tear to the valves or cocks, and to remedy this incon-
venience I now substitute for them flat slides which follow up as they wear,
and maintain themselves true and tight, the said slides being worked to and
fro by rods and levers put in action by the rocking frame. When a large

page_text: quantity of water has to be supplied, I obviate the inconvenience of the great
pressure that would be on the slides by causing the rocking frame to give
motion to a small slide which admits steam to a piston for giving motion to
other slides which open and shut the communication between the boiler and
supply water according to the level of the water in the boiler.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENTERING, STRETCHING, AND DRYING WOOLLEN OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by-James Coulter and Joseph Addison
Barber, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with their
Petition, on the 28th March 1864.
We, JAMES COULTER, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Mechanical
Draughtsman, and JOSEPH ADDISON BARBER, of Brighouse, in the aforesaid
County, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENTERING, STRETCHING,
AND DRYING WOOLLEN OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a cylinder of two discs mounted upon a
shaft, and a series of lags or rails placed transversely across, each lag being
alternately fixed to opposite discs, and on intermediate bearings, one disc being
capable of sliding on the shaft, so as to allow expansion or elongation of the
cylinder. Tenter hooks are fixed in the discs or ends of this cylinder, and the
fabric intended to be stretched and dried is hooked and wound thereon. The
lags may be formed to project inwardly, and placed at an angle to the diameter
of the discs, and the cylinder caused to revolve rapidly so as to draw hot air
from any source of supply through an aperture or apertures in one of the discs
and force it through the fabric. Or the cylinder may be formed with the lags
fixed to both ends, and an inner disc capable of sliding on the shaft employed
with the edge projecting betwixt the lags, and having the hooks fixed therein,
so that this inner disc may be set or adjusted to any width of fabric, and be
capable of being drawn out so as to stretch the fabric as before described. To
separate the several folds of fabrics when wound on the cylinder, cords may be

page_text: wound on simultaneously betwixt the folds or netting, or an open woven fabric
may be used for that purpose. Also the discs may be constructed with spiral-
grooves or teeth, and instead of the lags two chains formed to fit into the
grooves or on the teeth, having tenter hooks. fixed therein, may be employed
to hook the fabrics on, and to wind them on to the discs. Hot air may be
forced through or between the folds of the fabric by a fan placed either within
or without the cylinder, revolving at a high speed, and thereby drawing or
driving it through an aperture or apertures in one of the discs. The stretch-
ing of the fabric laterally or in the breadth way is effected by drawing or forcing
outwardly one of the discs, to which it is attached by means of screw, lever, or
other convenient means or mechanical appliance; and the stretching longi-
tudinally may be effected by passing the fabric over and under rails in the
usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-GUARDS FOR PREVENTING LADIES' DRESSES PROM COMING IN CONTACT WITH THE FIRE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gurney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1864.
I, HENRY GURNEY, of No. 1, Red Lion Street, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-GUARDS FOR PREVENTING LADIES' DRESSES PROM COMING IN CONTACT
WITH THE FIRE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a fire-guard that shall effectually
prevent the garments of ladies or children coming in contact with the fire,
while at the same time the guard will have an ornamental appearance, and
still not entirely cover or hide the fire from view. This guard consists of a
stand, which is composed of three compartments, the two outside or end
compartments being made nearly circular, the middle compartment nearly
square or other shape, as circumstances may require. This stand may be
made of iron or other suitable metal, and provided with legs to stand by itself,
or made to fix in or on the fender, or, if wished not to stand, can be furnished
with hooks to hang on the grate. Two shields are fastened, one round each
of the two circular compartments of the stand, nearly meeting each other in
the centre of the front, the space left in front being about 6 or 8 inches.
These shields can be made of any shape or configuration, such as crowns or
feathers, or any other tasteful design, and made of any suitable material.
When crowns are used as the design the bow or top part of the crowns meet

page_text: within 2 or 3 inches, while the lower part of the crowns leave sufficient space
for poking the fire, and the fire can be replenished without moving the guard.
This fire-guard can be made applicable for holding plates, and can be fitted
with receptacles for articles of domestic use and other useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Lo Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on tho 10th September 1864.-A communication from
Messieurs Jovite Chuvin and Eugene Chuvin, residing at No. 88,
Boulevard St. Jacques, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the General Patent
Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This apparatus consists of a wood or metal upright or standard, with a piece
cut out of the centre of the upper part, so as to form two upright blocks at
the sides, one of which is higher than the other, and its edge is cut on tho
bevel and slightly concave, so as to fit it for receiving the front part of the
last of the boot; the other block is square on the top and serves to receive
the Leel part of the last. The surfaces of the blocks are covered with leather
padding, so as to preserve the leather of the boot or shoe from injury in
making them. In the aforesaid upright or standard, and between the pro-
jecting blocks, a cylindrical hole is made, in the upper part of which hole is
fixed by means of a set screw an iron stop or bearer, to which is jointed an
iron arm carrying a smaller arm also jointed, so that they may be moved in
almost any direction between the said blocks; in the top of the small arm is a
socket, in which fits the end of a pin, round the lower part of which is made a
groove for receiving the end of a set screw, so that the pin can turn freely in the

page_text: socket, but the set screw serves to keep it from moving vertically. On the top
of this pin is fixed a washer, and on this washer is scrowed the last of the boot
or shoe. By this arrangement the last can be easily brought into any position
that may be required on the said blocks for executing the work. An iron
cross piece is placed from one block to the other as an additional support to
the last. The lower part of the upright or standard terminates in a cylindrical
bearer, on which is fixed an iron washer carrying a screw and thumb-nut, by
means of which the apparatus may be fixed in any convenient position on the
side of a table, bench, or bracket.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED IRON. TUBES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fisher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th November
1864.
I, JAMES FISHER, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED IRON.
TUBES," to be as follows:―
In the ordinary manner of constructing heating furnaces used in the manu-.
facture of welded iron tubes the furnace is made in two compartments, each
compartment being provided with a fire-grate. One of the said compartments-
is called the back hole or warming furnace, and the other is called the
welding furnace. These compartments are separately heated by the fires in
their respective grates. The skelp or partially formed tube to be welded is
first heated in the back hole or warming furnace, and afterwards transferred.
to the welding furnace, where it is raised to a welding heat.
My Invention consists in dispensing with the fire-grate of the back hole or
warming furnace, and in so constructing and arranging the said back hole or
warming furnace and the welding furnace that the warming furnace shall be-
heated by the waste heat from the welding furnace. I build the warming
furnace and welding furnace side by side in the ordinary manner, but I build
the warming furnace without any fire-grate. I build the welding furnace in
the ordinary way, excepting that I close the end of the said furnace, instead
of making it communicate directly with the stack. I perforate the wall

page_text: separating the two furnaces with a series of holes, through which holes the
flame and heated air from the welding furnace pass into the warming furnace,
and from thence to the stack. By this arrangement the two furnaces are
heated by the fire from one grate, namely, by the fire of the welding furnace
grate. By constructing heating furnaces used in the manufacture of welded!
iron tubes according to my Invention, great economy is effected in the fuel
employed.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN PROPELLING BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OR STEAM POWER, OR BOTH COMBINED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir John Scott Lillie, Knight, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1864.
I, SIR JOHN SCOTT LILLIE, Knight, and Companion of the Honourable
Military Order of the Bath, late Lieutenant-Colonel of the Grenadier Guards,
and Major-General in the Portugese Service, of 104, Pall Mall, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN PROPELLING BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OR
STEAM POWER, OR BOTH COMBINED," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in propelling vessels or carriages by a partial
exhaustion of the air on one side of a piston or surface, which piston or surface
passes through a partially closed tunnel having a slot in its side, which slot fur-
nished with valves which rise and fall, and the vessels or carriages are attached
to this piston or surface by rods, chains, or ropes in any convenient way, which
rod passes out of the slot from the carriage to the piston by which they may be
drawn or propelled.
The second part of my Invention consists in propelling the carriages them-
selves in a partially closed tunnel; the carriages so enclosed may run on rails
of wood or iron or on the plain floor. This tunnel it so arranged as to be per-
fectly lighted by windows whenever desired to be so, so that the country through
which it passes may be seen. In this tunnel there are also traps for the ad-
mission of air, which traps may be opened and closed by the guard of the train
or by mechanical means.

page_text: The third part of my Invention consists in propelling vessels without the aid
of a screw or paddle; to accomplish this part of my Invention, I placo the
engine on board a boat, which I call the propelling boat; attached is a shaft
from the boat, which is moved by the engine at the end of this shaft is a V
wheel or pulley which runs upon an iron rail supported on posts or otherwiso
on or beside the bank of the canal or river; this rail should bo about 18 inches
or more above the surface of the water. I place another wheel or pulley un-
derneath this V pulley, so as to bite or grip the rail with the V pulley; this
under pulley is supported by the framework which carries the shaft of the
V pulley. When the engine moves the shaft and the V pulley it will movo
the boat. By this mode of applying the power 1 do not disturb the water, as is
done by screws or paddles, and the banks of the canal or river are not so
much destroyed accordingly.
The fourth part of my Invention is a novel means of producing the partial
exhaust in the tunnel mentioned in the descriptions of the first and second parts
of my Invention, which exhaust is necessary before the piston or surfaco to
produce the motion of the vessels or carriages by atmospheric pressure. 1
effect this by using a circular fan with peculiar shape vates most suited for tho
purpose; this fan draws the air out of the tunnel, and so causes the desired
motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF ANILINE DYE COLORS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Sachs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1864. A communication from abroad by Richard Froehling, of
Gesrindbrunnen, Berlin, in the Prussian Empire.
I, OTTO SACHS, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF ANILINE DYE COLORS," (communicated to me from abroad by Richard
Froehling, of Gesrindbrunnen, Berlin, in the Prussian Empire,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of improved processes for the manufacture of pure
blue and violet colors, in various shades, from aniline or other substances
possessing similar properties thereto. These improvements comprise two
processes, the first of which is as follows:-I take two parts of red aniline
color, known commercially as fuchsine rosline, or aniline red, these I melt
in eight parts of aniline oil, or other analogous matters, until they attain the
consistence of a thick liquid or paste; I next take one and a half parts of the
common white soap of commerce, and submit it to heat to free it from the
water it contains, and when dry, grind it to a powder by any suitable means,
and mix same with the aniline liquid, and submit the same to about 210 or
220 degrees of Célsius thermometer until it boils, and continue to boil it for
one or two hours, when it will change to a red violet color, then becoming
more blue will change to a blue violet color, then blue with a reddish shade,
and finally a pure blue color. When the desired shade of color has been

page_text: obtained the matter is then left to cool and solidify, after which it is crushed
or ground, and mixed with an equal quantity of benzine, and submitted to
heat to discharge the greasy and oily matters therefrom; I then wash the
colors in boiling water, and dry and grind them ready for commercial use.
The second process is as follows:-I take two parts of the red aniline color
of commerce, and mix same with about eight parts of aniline oil, or any other
matters possessing similar properties thereto, and melt same on a slow fire,
until it becomes a thick liquid, or of a pasty consistence; I then add thereto
one part of pure stearic acid natron freed from all moisture or water. This
mixture I heat to about 220 degrees of Celsius thermometer, continually
stirring same. By these means the changes in the colors and shades of color
take place as follows:-Beginning with reddish violet, it then changes to
bluish violet, then reddish blue, and finally to pure blue, and when I have
obtained the shade of color required, I leave same to cool and dry, and grind
same ready for commercial use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING LIQUID FROM A NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL FALL OF LIQUID
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1864.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Samain,
of Blois, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING LIQUID FROM A NATURAL OR
ARTIFICIAL FALL OF LIQUID," to be as follows:-
The machinery consists of a pump barrel, with a tube leading from the
supply of liquid, and another for conveying the liquid to be raised; round the
pump barrel are water troughs, free to rise and fall as hereafter described, and
connected by rods to the piston rod of a piston, which works in the pump
barrel, and also by cords to a balance weight or weights, or to a balance float;
a pipe from the liquid supply closed by a weighted valve extends sufficiently
far to discharge liquid into the troughs when the weighted valve is open.
Valves are also fitted to the bottom or lower part of the troughs, in order to
their contents being discharged when they reach the bottom of their course.
The supply valve has a rod connected to it, and is opened when the troughs
rise by their coming in contact with the rod. Now, supposing the troughs to
be at the top of their course, they will have opened the supply valve, and will
become full of liquid, the pump barrel will also be full, and the piston therein
will be at the top of its stroke. The troughs becoming full, the supply valve
will be closed, and the weight of the now filled troughs being greatly in excess

page_text: of that of the balance weight will descend, and carry with them the piston,
which will force the liquid out of the pump barrel and up the exit pipe as
may be required; a valve in this pipe prevents any return of the liquid. The
troughs on reaching the bottom of their course become emptied by the dis-
charge valves coming in contact with the bottom of the pit in which they
rise and fall; the troughs and piston being now lighter than the balance
weights or float are raised by them, and the parts are ready to act again as
before. I have only described a single-acting machine, but by combining
two sets of troughs, the one rising when the other descends, a continuous
current may be raised.
AN IMPROVED HOSE COUPLING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1864.-A communication from abroad by Robert Lawton
and William Bliss, of Newport, in the State of Rhode Island, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOSE COUPLING," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to connect hose together in such a manner
that a swivel joint will be attained, and at the same time certain provision
made for compensating for the wear attending such connection, so that the
coupling may always be kept water-tight by the mere act of adjusting or con-
necting the parts together.
The Invention consists in attaching a metal thimble or tube to each end of
the pieces of hose which are to be connected together. One thimble fits within
the other, and the inner one is grooved circumferentially to receive one or more
taper or conical rollers that are adjusted by screw caps so as to secure the two
thimbles together. The conical form of the rollers by taking into the circum-
ferential groove will have the effect when screwed down of keeping the end of
the innermost thimble or ring against a packing or ground seat adapted to the
face of the inner side of the outermost one, whereby the desired object is attained.
From the above description it will be understood that by fitting one thimble
within the other and screwing down the conical rollers into the groove in the

page_text: inner thimble, the ends of the hose will be connected and a swivel joint
obtained, that is to say, the two parts of the hose may be turned or rotated and
consequently prevented from being twisted in handling. The conical rollers
rotate in the groove, and thereby prevent friction and favor the easy turning
or rotation of the hose. It will also be evident that as the conical rollers are
screwed down into the recess these rollers will by their conical form and in
consequence of bearing against the outermost bevilled edge of the recess force
the outer end of the inner thimble against the packing or seat of the other
one and will thereby form a water-tight joint, and as the conical rollers may be
screwed down more or less as occasion may require the wear attending the
turning of the coupling may be compensated for and a water-tight joint always
obtained.
IMPROVED APPARATUS. FOR REEFING OR FURLING SAILS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pearson and William
Smallwood at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st August 1864.
We, WILLIAM PEARSON, of Whitby, in the County of York, Ship Owner,
and WILLIAM SMALLWOOD, of the same Place, Ship Smith, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS. FOR REEFING OR
FURLING SAILS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improved apparatus for reefing or furling sails relates
to a novel mode of reefing or furling sails from the deck, and without the
necessity of going up aloft.
According to one mode of carrying out our Invention, the sail is secured
by its bottom edge to a boom, and by its top edge to a yard as usual. Clew
garnets or side chains extend from the boom below (and around the ends of
which they are wound as on a barrel) up to sheaves placed at each end of the
fore yard, and from thence to the slings near the mast, and over sheaves
placed there for the purpose. By hauling on the bight at the central part of
the chain, this part is drawn down towards the deck, and the boom is con-
sequently made to rotate and wind or roll up the sail thereon. The "fore
span" extends from end to end of the boom, and is connected thereto by
slings or other analogous contrivances, whereby the boom may be held in its
proper position, and yet allowed to rotate without interfering with or twisting
the "fore span." By this means several pullies and a good deal of top gear
that has heretofore been required for reefing or furling sails from the deck
may be dispensed with.

page_text: Another mode of reefing or furling sails from the deck consists in adapting
to the yard a roller, on which the sail is wound, and which roller is rotated by
means of chains or ropes passed round the ends of the roller, and also round
a barrel mounted in bearings attached to the yard. The reefing chains pass
over sheaves suitably arranged to conduct them from the sail roller to the
winding barrel, which is rotated by means of a reefing halliard, which passes
from the deck over a sheave attached to the mast and round the reefing
barrel, so that by hauling on the reefing halliard from the deck the reefing
barrel, and through it the sail roller will be rotated, and the sail will thereby
be reefed or furled. As the reefing chains pass from the barrel over sheaves
and from thence to the ends of the sail roller, around which they are wound,
it will be understood that by lowering the main halliard, and holding on the
reefing halliard, the sail will be close reefed, and by hauling on the reefing
halliard the sail will be rolled up on its roller, and thus completely furled.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bardies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1864.
I, JOSEPH BARDIES, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Piano Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing pianos so as to prevent the
atmosphere having any injurious effect on them either by damaging the glued
joints, or in any way interfering with the tune of the instrument.
I surround the board of the rest pins and also that of the hitch pins with
iron, and connect the two boards by means of iron bars conveniently fixed by
means of screws and bolts.
The sounding board is glued on one side only; the other side is fixed
by screws which allows for the swelling which takes place in very damp
places.
These improvements in the construction of pianos are in no way detrimental
to the sound of the instrument.
A COMBINED STRETCHER BED, CUSHION, AND WRAPPER, FOR USE IN RAILWAY AND OTHER TRAVELLING CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Henry Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1864.
I, ARTHUR HENRY ROBINSON, of 2, De Grey Terrace, in the County of
Dublin, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A COMBINED STRETCHER BED, CUSHION, AND WRAPPER, FOR USE IN RAILWAY
AND OTHER TRAVELLING CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus intended for the use of travellers in railway and other carriages,
which apparatus is capable of being folded or packed in a small compass and
easily carried in the hand, but when opened out, or extended more or less,
may be used as a stretcher bed, cushion, or wrapper for the legs. The
combined apparatus consists of a metal frame, part of which slides within the
other, so as to be capable of being closely packed, or of being extended for
use as a stretcher bed. The cross bars are made in two parts, each hinged or
jointed to the extensible side frames, and capable of being locked when placed
transversely across the frame by sliding plates or tubes which fit over the
junction of the two halves of the cross bars. In this frame is stretched a cloth
or canvass sacking, which forms the bed or stretcher when the frame is fully
extended. An air cushion is attached to one end of the sacking to form a
pillow, and when the apparatus is required as a cushion, this pillow after
being inflated in the usual way is turned or folded over on to the frame,
which need not in that case be extended. When it is desired to use the

page_text: apparatus as a wrapper for the feet, or to pack the same for transport, the
hinged cross bars of the frame are disconnected and folded against the side
frames, in which state the sacking may be passed round the legs and secured
by straps or otherwise, or it may be all rolled up and kept close by a strap or
straps when required to be carried in the hand. Cords or other convenient
attachments are secured to the outer ends of the sliding parts of the frame to
facilitate their being drawn out when requisite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEWING OR GETTING COAL, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wharton Burdon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1864.
I, WILLIAM WHARTON BURDON, of the Town and County of the Town of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEWING OR GETTING COAL, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a hammer or piston driven
by steam or air to work upon a "jemmy" or pick by blows on the head, while
the pick or jemmy is held loose by a man or is attached to the piston, so as
to loosen the coal at top, or bottom, or sides by elevating or lowering the piston
or frame on which it stands. My Invention also consists in the employment
of a saw, circular or horizontal, and I work the same by steam or air
horizontally or perpendicularly to the sides of the coal, or bottom or top
thereof.