Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1887
Complete Left, 13th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1888
Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
I JOHN FREDERICK BRINJES of 46 Norfolk Road, Dalston in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Heretofore hard substances have been reduced or ground by subjecting them to an
abraiding or crushing operation between two flat or cylindrical revolving surfaces or
to direct pressure between vibrating jaws or to impact alone but such methods of
reduction are not suitable in all cases more especially where the substance to be
operated upon is required to be reduced to a granular condition only owing to the loss
incurred in such cases by the production of a large proportion of powder or
waste.
Now my invention consists essentially in reducing or grinding such substances by
the combined and simultaneous action of impact and abraision produced by a pair of
jaws one of which may be stationary whilst the other receives a to and fro and an
upward and downward reciprocating motion or both the jaws may receive such com-
pound motion. For this purpose the centre of oscillation of the reciprocating jaw is
situate behind and by preference in a plane lower than the bottom edge of the acting
face of the said jaw which face is more or less inclined outwards or towards the
opposing jaw from the top to the bottom thereof. The result of this arrangement is
that on imparting a reciprocating motion to the moveable jaw on its fixed centre the
upper portion of the acting face of the jaw will not only alternately approach towards
and recede from the acting face of the opposing jaw thereby producing the effect of
impact upon the substance under operation between the two jaws, but will at the
same time, by reason of the position of the centre of oscillation cause the acting face

page_text: of the moveable jaw to move downwards and upwards alternately in a vertical arc of
a circle in front of the opposing jaw thus at the same time producing a rubbing or
abraiding action on the substance operated upon. The jaws may be so adjusted as to
leave any
desired space or discharge opening between the bottom. edges thereof for
the escape of the reduced substance but this space remains practically unaltered during
the working of the jaw or jaws.
A reducing or grinding machine embodying the above characteristics may be
constructed in various forms and may be provided with a single fixed and reciprocating
jaw or with two fixed and reciprocating jaws, or with two reciprocating jaws opposed
to each other but mounted as before explained.
Motion may be imparted to the reciprocating jaw or jaws by an eccentric working
in a slot in any convenient part of the reciprocating jaw for example in a vertical
arm or lover forming a part of the reciprocating jaw or jaws, or it may be worked by
two eccentrics working respectively in slots in the arms of both the moveable jaws
when two are employed opposed to each other.
Either or both the jaws may be so mounted as to yield more or less and thus
prevent injury to the machine in the event of any extra hard foreign body entering
between them.
Dated the 12th day of May 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Reducing or Grinding Hard Substances and in
Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
I JOHN FREDERICK BRINJES of 46 Norfolk Road Dalston in the County of
Middlesex Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Heretofore hard substances have been reduced or ground by subjecting them to an
abrading or crushing operation between two flat or cylindrical revolving surfaces or
to direct pressure between vibrating jaws or to impact alone, but such methods of
reduction are not suitable in all cases more especially where the substance to be
operated upon is required to be reduced to a granular condition only, owing to the
loss incurred in such cases by the production of a large proportion of powder or
waste.
Now my invention consists essentially in reducing or grinding such substances
by the combined and simultaneous action of impact and abrasion produced by a pair
of jaws, one of which may be stationary whilst the other receives a to-and-fro and an
upward and downward reciprocating motion. For this purpose the centre of
oscillation of the reciprocating or moving jaw is situate behind, and by preference,
though not necessarily, in a plane lower than the bottom edge of the acting face of
said jaw, which face is more or less inclined outwards or towards the opposing
jaw from the top to the bottom its upper portion being at a greater distance from
the centre of oscillation than its lower portion. The result of this arrangement is
that on imparting a reciprocating movement to the moving jaw on its fixed centre,
the upper portion of the acting face of the jaw will not only approach towards and
recede from the acting face of the opposing jaw, thus producing the effect of impact
upon the substances under treatment between the jaws, but will also at the same time
by reason of the position of the centre of oscillation cause the acting face of the
moving jaw to move downwards and upwards alternately in a vertical are of a circle
in front of the opposing jaw thus at the same time producing a rubbing or abrading
action on the substance operated upon.
A reducing or grinding machine embodying the above characteristics may be
constructed in various forms and may be provided with a single fixed and reciprocating
jaw, or with two pairs of fixed and reciprocating jaws or with two reciprocating jaws
opposed to each other mounted as before explained.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a machine embodying my invention shewn as provided
with two pairs of fixed and reciprocating or moving jaws, the front portion of the
framing being removed and the hopper shewn in section.
Fig. 2 is an end view thereof.

page_text: Fig. 3 shews in elevation a machine provided with two reciprocating or moving
jaws opposed to each other, the front portion of the framing being removed and the
hopper shewn in section.
Fig. 4 is an end view thereof.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
In figs. 1 and 2 A is the main framing of the machine, B the hopper C C the fixed
jaws, and D D the moving jaws suitably connected to either side of the upper part of
the oscillating lover E working on the fixed centre F. G is the driving shaft of the
machine mounted in suitable bearings and driven by the pulley H or other suitable
means. This shaft carries an eccentric or cam I working in a bearing K sliding in
the opening L formed in the lower portion of the oscillating lever E. M M are screw
spindles attached to the fixed jaws CC, and provided with adjusting nuts N N by
means of which the said fixed jaws may be set nearer to or farther away from their
respective moving jaws as required. OO are suitable springs in connection with the
fixed jaws by means of which they are enabled to yield should any extra hard foreign
body enter the machine, thus preventing injury thereto.
Upon motion being imparted to the moving jaws D D through the lever E, which
is oscillated by the eccentric I, the upper portions d d of their acting faces, will, by
reason of their inclination as hereinafter described, not only approach towards and
recede from the faces of the fixed jaws CC, thus producing the effect of impact upon
the substances under treatment, but will also, by reason of the centre of oscillation F
being situate some distance behind the moving jaws move up and down in vertical
arcs of a circle in front of the fixed jaws thus producing also a rubbing or abraiding
action. It is necessary that the faces of the moving jaws D D should be so inclined
as to recede gradually from their centre of oscillation commencing at or about their
horizontal centre lines, the upper portions d d being at a greater distance from the
said centre of oscillation than the lower portions d' d¹, as shewn in fig. 1, since, were
the said upper portions not situate at a greater distance from the centre of oscillation
than the lower portions they would never approach the fixed jaws C C more closely
than the said lower portions, and the effect of impact would not be produced. I
prefer to make the faces of the moving jaws D D of a curved form from top to bottom,
the lower part of the curve being struck from the centre of oscillation F, and the upper
part, into which the lower merges, being of larger radius and struck from a point
situate behind said centre, as shewn in fig.'1 of the dgs.
The substances to be reduced or ground are fed in at the hopper B from which
they are delivered to the respective pairs of fixed and moving jaws CC, D D, between
which they are reduced or ground by the combined and simultaneous action of impact
and abrasion produced as before described, and finally fall through the discharge
openings at the bottoms of the jaws into convenient receptacles.
In figs. 3 and 4 is represented a machine provided with two moving jaws D D,
opposed to one another, the formation of the acting faces of which is similar to that
described with reference to the moving jaws in fig. 1.
These jaws are secured to the levers E E, which are preferably cast in one piece
and oscillate on the fixed centres F F, which, as in the previously described arrange-
ment are situate some distance behind the respective jaws-The driving shaft G is
provided with two eccentrics or cams I I, having their acting faces in opposite
directions, as shewn in fig. 3, working in the bearings K which slide in the
frames L L, cast upon the lower extremities of each of the oscillating levers E E. It
will be readily understood that adjusting screws for regulating the distance between
the jaws, and springs to permit them to yield in the event of any extra hard foreign
body getting between them may be used in this arrangement as already described
and illustrated with reference to Fig. 1, and also that a suitable shoot may be provided
beneath the discharge opening of the jaws, for the purpose of delivering the reduced
or ground substances into convenient receptacles. Upon an oscillating motion being
imparted to the levers EE by the eccentrics I I on the driving shaft, the jaws D D
will be caused to simultaneously impact upon and abrade, and thus reduce or grind
the substances between them for the reasons hereinbefore described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is :-
1. Reducing or grinding hard substances by the combined and simultaneous action
of impact and abrasion substantially as described.
2. In a machine for reducing or grinding hard substances, the combination and
arrangement of a fixed jaw or jaws with a moving jaw or jaws, acting in conjunction
therewith and actuated by suitable means, having their centre of oscillation situate
some distance behind them and their acting faces inclined as described, whereby the
substances under treatment are reduced or. ground by the combined and simultaneous
action of impact and abrasion, substantially as specified and illustrated.
3. In a machine for reducing or grinding hard substances the combination and
arrangement of two moving jaws, opposed to, and working in conjunction with each
other, and actuated by suitable means, having their centres of oscillation situate
some distance behind them, and their acting faces inclined as described, whereby the
substances under treatment are reduced or ground by the combined and simultaneous
action of impact and abrasion substantially as specified and illustrated.
A. E. ALEXANDER,
Agent.