IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLLERS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bradshaw Leachman, of Leeds, in
the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOLLERS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING
The "
Sealed the 3rd December 1869, and dated the 5th June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bradshaw
Leachman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th June 1869.
I, WILLIAM BRADSHAW LEACHMAN, of Leeds, in the County. of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS POR
WARMING BUILDINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to cast-iron tubular steam boilers and warming
apparatus, and consists in constructing such boilers and apparatus in
the manner herein-after described.

page_text: .
The boiler consists of two or more horizontal hollow cylinders or
tubes containing the water to be heated and evaporated, which cylinders
are connected by short vertical tubes which keep the said cylinders a
short distance apart, and through which the water circulates. Where
two cylinders only are employed they are arranged one above the other;
where more than two cylinders are employed they are arranged two
deep, side by side, the cylinders in the lower tier being connected with
one another by a transverse feed pipe. Steam domes are cast on the
upper cylinder where two cylinders only are employed, or on each
cylinder in the upper tier where more than two cylinders are employed;
in the latter case the steam domes are connected by transverse steam
pipes. The cylinders, connecting tubes, and steam domes above described
are all in one casting, and annular flanges are cast in the ends of the
said cylinders, into which are fitted wrought-iron tubes, passing longi-
tudinally through the cylinders and projecting therefrom. The ends of
these tubes communicate with short vertical flues formed in the brick-
work setting of the boiler, in which setting room is left for the passage of
the heat from the furnace or furnaces, which is or are situated under the
front end of the boiler, which heat passes first from the said furnace
or furnaces under the lower cylinder or cylinders to a short vertical
flue (situated between the back of the boiler and the flue into which
the rear ends of the wrought-iron tubes open as aforesaid), thence
between the upper and lower cylinders to another short vertical flue
(situated between the front of the boiler and the flue into which the
front ends of the wrought-iron tubes open as aforesaid), thence over
the upper cylinder or cylinders to the flue into which the rear ends of
the wrought-iron tubes aforesaid open, and thence through the said
tubes to the front vertical flue, whence the said heat passes by a side
flue to the chimney.
The warming apparatus referred to in my title is essentially similar
in construction to the apparatus herein before described with reference

page_text: Steam boilers and warming apparatus constructed according to my
Invention are simple, strong, and effective, and can be readily cleaned.
when required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Bradshaw Leachman, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd December 1869:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BRADSHAW LEACHMAN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her-
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Bradshaw Leachman, Her special
licence that I, the said William Bradshaw Leachman, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Bradshaw
Leachman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times. there-
after during the term therein expressed, should, and lawfully might
make, use, exercise,, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS EN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS
FOR WARMING BUILDINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that F, the said William Bradshaw Leachman, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands. and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bradshaw Leachman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to cast-iron tubular steam boilers and warming

page_text: apparatus, and consists in constructing such boilers and apparatus in
the manner herein-after described.
The boiler consists of two or more horizontal hollow cylinders or
tubes containing the water to be heated and evaporated, which cylinders.
are connected by short vertical tubes which keep the said cylinders a
short distance apart and through which the water circulates. Where
two cylinders only are employed they are arranged one above the other;
where more than two cylinders are employed they are arranged two,
deep side by side, the cylinders in the lower tier being connected with
one another by a transverse feed pipe. Steam domes or chambers are
cast on the upper cylinder where two cylinders only are employed, or on
each cylinder in the upper tier where more than two cylinders are
employed. In the latter case the steam domes or chambers are con-
nected by transverse steam pipes or by a steam chamber furnished
with branch pipes which communicate with the said domes. or chambers.
The cylinders, short connecting tubes, and steam domes or chambers
above described are all in one casting, and annular flanges are or may
be cast in the ends of the said cylinders, into which are fitted wrought-
iron tubes passing longitudinally through the cylinders and projecting
therefrom. Or the said tubes may be fitted into holes formed in
circular covers .bolted to flanges cast on the cast-iron cylinders. The
ends of the wrought-iron tubes aforesaid communicate with short
vertical flues formed in the brickwork setting of the boiler, in which
Betting room is left for the passage of the heat from the furnace or
furnaces which is or are situated under the front end of the boiler,
which heat passes first from the said furnace or furnaces under the
lower cylinder or cylinders to a short vertical flue (situated between
the back of the boiler and the flue into which the rear ends of the
wrought-iron tubes open as aforesaid), thence between the upper
and lower cylinders to another short vertical flue (situated between
the front of the boiler, and the flue into which the front ends of
the wrought iron tubes open as aforesaid), thence over the upper
cylinder or cylinders to the flue into which the rear ends of the
wrought-iron tubes aforesaid open, and thence through the said tubes
to the front vertical flue whence the said heat passes by a side flue
to the chimney. The wrought-iron tubes herein-before described may
be dispensed with, in which case the ends of the cast-iron cylinders.
aforesaid are closed by covers bolted on to the flanges cast on the ends
of the said cylinders, and the volatile products of combustion pass

page_text: under, over, and between the said cylinders and impinge on the exterior
thereof, but do not pass through them.
The warming apparatus referred to in my title is essentially similar
in construction to the apparatus herein-before described with reference
to the generation of steam, with the exceptions that when such apparatus
is to be used merely for heating water, the said apparatus is cast without
steam domes or chambers, and that when it is used to contain hot water
for the purpose of warming the room or building in which it is placed
the cylinders aforesaid are fixed vertically in a suitable frame, instead
of being set horizontally in brickwork, and the furnaces and flues are
dispensed with.
Steam boilers and warming apparatus constructed according to my
Invention are simple, strong, and effective, and can be readily cleaned
when required.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed and to the letters and
figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a steam boiler made
according to my Invention, the said section being taken on the line 1,
Figure 2; and Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the said boiler,
which said section is taken on the line 2, Figure 1. The same letters
and figures of reference indicate the same parts in both Figures. The said
boiler consists of horizontal cylinders A¹, A1, A2, A, connected by short
vertical tubes A', A', the upper row of tubes being furnished with steam
chambers A, A. All the said cylinders, tubes, and steam chambers
are made in one casting; the said boiler is set in brickwork B, B; C is
the furnace. On the ends of the cylinders A¹, A¹, A², A³, are formed
flanges a', a¹, to which are bolted covers a, a, having holes in which
are fitted wrought-iron pipes or tubes A, A, A, A, through which
the volatile products of combustion pass; D is the feed pipe which
communicates by means of branch pipes with holes as, a³, in the
covers a³, a; E is a cylindrical steam chamber which communicates
with the steam chambers A', A', by means of branch pipes e¹, e¹;
e is the steam pipe; F is a water gauge; G, G, G, G*, and G*
are flues. The flue G is separated from the flue G by a partition g¹,
and the flue G is separated from the flues G and G by a partition g³;
H, H, arc fire bridges. The heat from the furnace C passes as indicated

page_text: by arrows, first, under the lower cylinders A', A', then into the flue G¹,
thence between the cylinders A', A', and the cylinders A', A³, to the
flue G³, thence over the cylinders A³, A³, to the flue G³, thence through
the tubes A, A, A, A, to the flue G, whence the said heat escapes
to the chimney by the flue G indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of a boiler constructed
according to the modification of my Invention herein-before described,
the said section being taken on the line 3, Figure 4; and Figure 4
is a transverse vertical section of the said boiler, the said section being
taken on the line 4, Figure 3. The same letters and figures of reference
indicate the same parts in both Figures. In this modification the
cylinders A', A1, A2, A3, connecting tubes A³, A³, and steam chambers
A, A, are made in one casting as herein-before described, but the
internal wrought-iron tubes herein-before referred to are dispensed with,
and the cylinders are closed by covers a¹; a', bolted on to flanges a², a³,
cast in the said cylinders. The boiler is set in brickwork B, B;
C, C, are the furnaces; D¹, D, D³, are flues; D' is an air flue which is
furnished with a damper E; F is the feed pipe; G is the steam chamber
which communicates with the steam chambers A', A', by means of
branch pipes g¹, g'; g³ is the steam pipe. The heat from the furnaces C, Q.,
passes as indicated by arrows first under the cylinders A', A', then into
the flue D¹, thence between the cylinders A', A', and the cylinders A³, A³,
into the flue D³, thence over the cylinders A³, A³, and escapes by the
side flue D³.
The warming apparatus herein-before referred to consists of hollow
cylinders connected by short tubes, the said cylinders and tubes being
made in one casting as herein-before described with reference to steam
boilers. When the said apparatus is to be used for heating water it is
set horizontally in brickwork provided with a furnace and with flues,
and the cylinders may be furnished with internal tubes as described
with reference to the boiler illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. Or the said
cylinders may be used without such tubes as described with reference
to the boiler illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. When the said apparatus.
is used merely to contain hot water for the
room or building in which it is placed the said cylinders are fixed.
vertically with or without internal tubes in a suitable frame, and the
furnace and flues are dispensed with. As the construction of my im-
proved warming apparatus will be understood from the foregoing
purpose of warming the

page_text: description I do not consider it necessary further to describe or to
illustrate the same.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein-before described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my said Invention, but I claim as my said Invention,―
Firstly. The improvements in steam boilers herein-before described
and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, that
is to say, forming the boiler of two or more hollow cylinders connected
by short tubes and surmounted by steam chambers or domes, the said
hollow cylinders and their connecting tubes and steam chambers or
domes being made in one casting, fixing in the said cylinders wrought
iron tubes, and so setting or arranging the boiler thus constructed that
the heat from the furnace shall impinge on the exterior of the said
cylinders and pass through their internal tubes, essentially as described
and illustrated.
Secondly. The modified arrangement in which the hollow cylinders
and their connecting tubes and steam chambers or domes made in one
casting as aforesaid are used without internal tubes, as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Thirdly. The improvements herein-before described in apparatus for
warming buildings and for other purposes, that is to say, making the
receptacle or vessel in which the water or other liquid which is to be
or which has been heated is contained of two or more hollow cylinders
connected by short tubes, the said cylinders and tubes being made in
one casting as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bradshaw Leachman,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
WILLIAM BRADSHAW LEACHMAN. (L.S.)