IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INDIA RUBBER AND METAL TYRES OF THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Kearsley of Manchester in the County of
Lancaster for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INDIA RUBBER
AND METAL TYRES OF THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER WHEELS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Kearsley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1883.
ROBERT KEARSLEY of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE INDIA-RUBBER AND METAL TYRES OF THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND
OTHER VEHICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER WHEELS
">
This invention relates to improvements in the india-rubber and metal tyres of
the wheels of carriages and other vehicles and of all other wheels to which india
rubber tyres are applicable, whereby the full elasticity of the, india rubber is:
retained and yet the same is secured more firmly and securely in position in the
metal tyre than has hitherto been practicable.
Now this invention consists in forming a groove in the metal tyre with parallel
sides and from which sides project one or more annular or spiral ribs which in,
cross section partake of the character of the barb of a fish-hook, or of a wedge
shape, so as to permit the india-rubber tyre which is also formed with parallel
sides and of a suitable width or thickness to be forced past the ribs in one direction
and to prevent the same returning in the other direction-These ribs do not,
extend to the mouth of the groove and thus the sides of the grooves above them,
form side supports for the india-rubber tyres without decreasing the elasticity
of such tyres. The ribs on the sides of the groove of the metal tyre are, produced
by the rolling process either in the form of bars or hoops; or are turned in the,
sides of the grooves by a lathe or other mechanical means, or the tyres are
constructed of cast metal for instance when used for the wheels of trucks, or.
trollies and the annular ribs are thus formed by casting. In some cases I also
form a dove-tail groove in the metal tyre with my improved annular or spiral,
ribs on the sides of the groove
]
A modification of this invention is also applicable to the small castor and other
wheels used on trucks and other light hand structures running on wheels.
Although herein before described with reference to india rubber it must be
understood that the improvements are applicable to other suitable elastic material,
used as a substitute for india rubber as a tyre for wheels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Kearsley in the Patent Office on the 11th March 1884.
ROBERT KEARSLEY of Manchester in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE INDIA-RUBBER AND METAL TYRES OF THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER
VEHICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER WHEELS
"
This invention relates to improvements in the india-rubber and metal tyres of
the wheels of carriages and other vehicles and of all other wheels to which india-
rubber tyres are applicable whereby the full elasticity of the india-rubber is
retained and yet the same is secured more firmly and securely in position in the
metal tyre than has hitherto been practicable.
Now this invention consists in forming a groove in the metal tyre with parallel
sides and from which sides project one or more annular or spiral ribs which in
cross section, partake of the character of the barb of. a fish-hook, or of a wedge
shape, so as to permit the india-rubber or other elastic tyre which is also formed
with parallel sides and of a suitable width or thickness to be forced past the ribs
in one direction and to prevent the same returning in the other direction―These
ribs do not extend to the mouth of the groove and thus the sides of the grooves
above them form side supports for the india-rubber or other elastic tyres-without
decreasing the elasticity of such tyres.
And in order that this my said invention may be the more readily understood
and carried into practical effect I have hereunto annexed a drawing of various
sections of my improved tyres and will now proceed to describe the same with the
assistance of the letters of reference marked thereon respectively
In Figs 1. 2. 3 and 4 which represent a section of a metal tyre but with
different forms of india rubber or other elastic tyres a is my improved metal tyre
in which is formed a groove b with vertical side from each of which sides projects
an annular rib c which in cross section partakes of the form of the barb of a
fish hook or wedge as shewn in the same figures
These ribs are so situated in the groove as to leave space beneath them to allow
sufficient india-rubber to pass underneath the ribs to bear the utmost strain
which can be put upon the rubber or other elastic tyre
In practice it is found that when the india-rubber or other elastic tyre & which
is formed with parallel sides or slightly wider at the base as indicated by the
dotted lines and of a suitable width or thickness is forced into position in the
groove in the metal tyre and has passed the rib o it cannot be drawn out again
owing to the peculiar barbed shape of the ribs and their position in the
groove the effect of which is to reduce the strain on the india rubber or other
elastic tyre
This construction prevents the rubber tyre being pulled out of the groove with
ordinary wear. Although I prefer to employ my invention of annular or spiral
ribs to a groove with parallel sides it will be apparent that the same may be
applied to tyres formed with acute-angled or dovetailed grooves as illustrated in
section fig 5
Figure 6 is a drawing of a section of a Velocopede tyre and felloe combined
having my improvements applied thereto, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine my claim to a single annular rib as two or more such ribs may be employed
as required and instead of being annular the ribs may be formed spirally or in
the form of a screw thread
The ribs on the sides of the grooves of my improved metal tyres may be
produced by the rolling process either in the form of bars or hoops of iron or steel

page_text: or other metal or may be turned on the sides of the grooves by a lathe or other
mechanical means or the tyres may be constructed of cast metal as for instance
when for wheels of trucks and trolleys when the annular ribs are thus formed
by casting or the hoops may be made of cast metal or the rib or ribs may be
formed on a plate or plates either singly or as so formed on a plate or plates and
may be attached to the inner sides of the grooves by rivets screws or other
adequate means-My invention is applicable to all descriptions of channel grooved
tyres, welded or weldless and for carriages and other vehicles-A modification of
this invention is also applicable to small castor and other wheels used on trucks
and other light hand structures running on wheels-Although bercinbefore described
with reference to india rubber it must be understood that the improvements are
applicable to other suitable elastic material used as a substitute for rubber as a
tyre for wheels
In conclusion I would here state I make no claim to a grooved metal tyre
or to an india rubber or other elastic tyre either separately or in combination
apart from my improvements therein as I am well aware that the various
combinations of grooved metal tyres have been hitherto used Channel grooves
combined with clips or with rivets through the groove and rubber or with the
rubber stretched on and cemented into position are amongst the various plans
which have been hitherto adopted
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for
carrying the same into practical effect I wish it to be understood that I claim :-
:-
The employment of one or more annular or spiral ribs or projections on the
sides of the grooves of metal tyres with the use of such grooves in combination
with corresponding india rubber or other elastic tyres for the wheels of carriages
and other vehicles substantially as and for the purpose herein before described
and illustrated on the accompanying drawings
In Witness whereof I the said Robert Kearsley have hereunto set my hand
and seal this tenth day of March in the year of our Lord 1884
ROBERT KEARSLEY
(LS)