CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING PRINTING TYPES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING PRINTING
TYPES." A communication from abroad by Abíel Abbot Low, Josiah Orne
Low, Edward Hutchinson Robbins Lyman, Charles Frederick Livermore,
Augustus Corey Richards, and Charles Carroll Yeaton, all of the City,
County. and State of New York, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 4th July 1865, and dated the 8th May 1865.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration
on the 8th May 1865, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING PRINTING TYPES," and have
petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn

page_text: Declaration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Abiel Abbot
Low, Josiah Orne Low, Edward Hutchinson Robbins Lyman, Charles
Frederick Livermore, Augustus Corey Richards, and Charles Carroll Yeaton,
all of the City, County, and State of New York, in the United States of
America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully describes
and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the four Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):
:-
This Invention relates to a machine for setting and distributing types, which
is partly automatical in its operations, and partly operated by the action of an
attendant. The purely automatical part lies in the type-distributing operation,
while the setting of type is governed by the attendant. Both setting and
distributing may be going on at the same time or separately.
The machine consists principally of a type-carrying wheel supported in a
horizontal position above a suitable bed plate or table, a plan view of which
is semicircular or rather of a horse-shoe form. Around the circular part of
the table are arranged the type cases. These consist of a series of narrow
channels of the width of a type, and pointing towards the centre of the type-
carrying wheel, the inner ends of the channels terminating near the circum-
ference of said wheel. These type cases embrace about two-thirds of the bed
plate. The square part of the bed plate forms a table, upon which stands the
mechanism for distributing, and composing in connection with the type-
carrying wheel, the right-hand half of said table being occupied by the former
and the left by the latter. Upon the extreme left, on an extension of the
bed plate, rests the galley wherein the type as fast as set up into lines is
formed into column; immediately adjoining which is a series of cups containing
irregular type or odd characters which occur only occasionally, and for the
setting of which no provision is made in the machine. Next to these 'cups,
and extending to the centre of the table, is a series of keys consisting of
buttons, the shanks of which pass vertically through the table, and actuate a
series of levers leading to the inside of the carrying wheel, where they effect
the set of the indicators by which the proper type is taken from its case and
brought round to the setting table, where it is deposited in a channel, and fed
along towards the galley to be formed into column. On the opposite side of
the table is another galley or bed to hold the column of "dead matter" Or
type to be distributed. At the head of this galley is a channel which ter-

page_text: minates at about the centre of the table near the periphery of the carrying
wheel, and in a tangential position to the same. By the operation of suitable
mechanism as a line of type is taken off the column that line is forced along
the channel towards the carrying wheel, so that as the type is pushed off and
distributed, the column is fed up and another line is, taken off, and so on,
until the whole is distributed into the cases. The manner in which the type
is distributed, so that the proper case it is to go into can be indicated, is
effected by a system of nicks upon the shank of the type itself, whereby before
leaving the channel, and being taken up by the conveyor on the carrying
wheel, certain parts are set in a given position which indicates the proper case
into which the type is to be deposited, so that the wheel holds on to the type
until by its revolution said type arrives opposite the mouth of the appropriate
channel of the set of cases first mentioned, when it is deposited therein, the
type maintaining always its erect position. Secured to the carrying wheel
are two sets of conveyors, one set being for distributing, and one for setting.
These are plates so constructed and fixed to the carrying wheel that while
the latter has a constant and unvarying motion the former may be permitted
to stop for a period and then go on with the wheel, and also to overtake and
assume the former position. On each conveyor is a spring to grip the type,
and also certain parts which effect the opening and closing of the same,
together with means for thrusting the type out of the conveyor. The times
for opening and closing the spring, and for thrusting the type out, are governed
by two sets of mechanism. In the case of distributing, this is accomplished
automatically and is determined, as before remarked, by the nicks on the
type; but in setting it is governed according to the will of the compositor,"
who plays upon the keys. These conveyors are arranged around the carrying
wheel alternately, i.e., first a setting conveyor, and next a distributing con-
veyor, &c. There may be eighteen (more or less) of each kind to the wheel.
These conveyors, when the machine is both composing and distributing, stop
once or twice at each revolution of the carrying wheel as follows:-The
distributing conveyors always stop at the end of the channel leading from the
column of type being distributed, and having taken a type, stop again at the
proper channel in the case for that letter, providing it carries a regular type,
and the case said type is to go into is not full. The setting conveyors stop
at the channel indicated by the compositor through the keys, but they do not
stop again while depositing their types at the mouth of the channel leading to
its column on the galley; or said channel 'may be so arranged that the con-
veyors deposit their types without stopping. This machine has. also the.
peculiar characteristic that the compositor can compose ahead. or faster than

page_text: the type is delivered by the wheel. There is a twofold object for this, one is,
that the carrying wheel shall have a constant and unvarying motion without
regard to any exactness of time in the compositor's playing of the keys;
second, by being able to compose ahead he is relieved from so constant atten-
tion to the copy, and may have intervals of time to look occasionally to see to
the correct working of the distributing part, as also to justify bis lines
and set the same into column upon the galley, besides affording a certain
amount of physical relief. The continuous revolution of the carrying wheel is
therefore effected by an independent power of suitable character, and the
speed of the same is to be such as to allow of the necessary time for the
conveyors to operate.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which
Fig. 1 represents a plan or top view of a machine constructed according
to said Invention; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical of the same taken in the
plane indicated by the line A, B, Fig. 1, and looking in the direction of the
arrow opposite to said line; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section, the line
C, D, Fig. 1, indicating the plane of section, and looking in the direction of
the arrow opposite to that line; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the same,
showing the mechanism below the table or bed plate; Fig. 5 is a transverse
vertical section of the same, the line E, F, Fig. 1, indicating the plane of
section, and looking in the direction of the arrow opposite to that line; Fig. 6
is a similar section taken in the plane indicated by the line G, E, and looking
in the direction of the arrow opposite to that line; Figs. 7 and 8 are trans-
verse vertical sections of the same, the line G*, II, Fig. 5, indicating the
'plane of section, and looking in the direction of the arrow opposite to that
line, showing the parts in two different positions. The other Figures are all
of parts in detail on a larger scale than the previous Figures, and they are
fully referred to in their appropriate places. Similar letters indicate like parts
in all the Figures.
This machine may be properly set forth under three general heads or
divisions, viz., first, the mechanism for conveying the type to and from the
type cases and composing and distributing tables, including the arrangement
of the type cases; secondly, the mechanism for distributing the type in connec-
tion with the aforesaid means; thirdly, the mechanism for setting the type in
connection with the first-named means.
The type is carried from one place to another by a wheel kept in constant
-rotation by some suitable power independent of the attendant above the
machine. This wheel J is supported in a horizontal position above a suitable
.bed plate or table, a plan view of which is semicircular, or rather of a horse-

page_text: shoe form, 'as seen in Fig. 1. Around the circular part of, the table are
arranged the type cases K, being a series of narrow channels, each of the
width of a type, and pointing toward the centre of the type-carrying, wheel,
the inner ends of the channels terminating near the circumference of said
wheel. These type cases embrace about. two-thirds of the bed plate. The
square part of the bed plate forms a table, upon which stands the mechanism
for distributing and composing in connection with the type-carrying wheel,.
the right-hand half of said table being occupied by the former, and the left-
band by the latter. Upon the extreme left is the galley M, wherein the type
as fast as set up into lines is formed into column; immediately, adjoining
which is a series of cups M* intended to hold irregular types or odd
characters 'that are used only occasionally, and for the setting of which no
provision is made in the machine; and adjoining these cups is a series of
keys L, consisting of buttons, the shanks of which pass vertically through
the table and actuate a series of levers leading to the inside of the carrying
wheel, where they effect the set of the indicators by which the proper type is
taken from its case, and brought round to the setting table, where it is
deposited in a channel f and fed along towards the galley to be formed
into column. On the opposite or right-hand side of the table is another
galley or bed W to hold the column of dead matter or type to be, dis-
tributed. At the head of this galley is a channel a which terminates at
about the centre of the table, and near to the periphery of the carrying wheel,
and in a tangential position to the same. By. the operation of suitable
mechanism each line on being taken off the column is forced along the
channel towards the carrying wheel, so.that as the type is pushed off and dis-
tributed the column is fed up and another line taken off, and so on, until the
whole is distributed in the .cases. The manner in which the type is
distributed so that the proper case it is to go into can be indicated is
effected by a system of nicks upon the shank of the type itself, whereby,
before leaving the channel, and being taken up by the conveyors on the
carrying wheel, certain parts are set in a given position which indicates the
proper case into which the type is to be deposited, so that the wheel holds on
to the type until by its revolution said type arrives opposite the mouth of
the appropriate channel of the set of cases first mentioned,.when it is deposited
therein, the type maintaining always its erect position. Secured. to the
"
carrying wheel are two sets of conveyors c, d, the one set d.being for dis
tributing, and the other c for setting. These are plates so constructed and
fixed to the carrying wheel that while the latter has a constant and unvarying
motion, the former may be permitted to stop for a period and then go on

page_text: with the wheel, and also to overtake and reassume their former position. On
each conveyor is a spring to grip the type, and also certain parts which effect
the opening and closing of the same, together with means for thrusting the
type out of the conveyor.
The times for opening and closing the springs,
'for taking the type, and for thrusting the same out are governed by two sets
of mechanism. In the case of distributing this is accomplished automatically,
and is determined, as before remarked, by nicks on the type; but in setting it
is governed according to the will of the compositor who plays upon the keys.
These conveyors are arranged around the carrying wheel, alternately, that is,
first a setting conveyor, and next a distributing conveyor, and so forth. There
may be 18 (more or less) of each kind to the wheel. These conveyors,
when the machine is both distributing and composing, stop once or twice at
each revolution of the carrying wheel, as follows:-The distributing conveyors
always stop at the end of the channel a leading from the column of type being
distributed, and having taken a type stop again at the proper channel in the
cases K for the letter they carry. But if the distributing conveyor carries
an odd character, or if the case in which the type it carries belongs is full, it
does not stop, but delivers its type at the appropriate excess channel without
stopping. The setting conveyers stop at the channel indicated by the com-
positor through the keys, but they do not stop while depositing their types at
the mouth of the channel f leading to the column on the galley. This
machine has also this peculiar characteristic, viz., that the compositor can
compose ahead or faster than the types are delivered by the wheel. There is
a twofold object for this; the one is, that the carrying wheel shall have a
constant and unvarying motion without regard to any exactness of time in the
compositor's playing of the keys; and, by being able to compose abead, the
compositor is relieved from so constant attention to the copy, and may have
intervals of time to look occasionally to see to the correct working of the
machine, as also to justify the lines, and set the same into column upon the
galley, besides affording a certain amount of physical relief. The continuous
revolution of the carrying wheel is therefore effected by an independent power
of suitable character, and the speed of the same is, to be such as to allow of
the necessary time for the conveyors to operate.
The first division.-Under this head will be described the mechanism for
conveying the type from place to place, the arrangement and construction of
the type cases, with the mode of delivering and receiving the type in the same,
together with the various devices for indicating what types are to be thus
delivered and received in the process of composing and distributing. The
type is carried to and from the cases by means of a constantly rotating wheel J,

page_text: placed horizontally upon a central axis; this wheel is not supported by its
axis, the pink, forming said axis, being merely to keep the carrier accu-.
rately in a central position. As the 'types are conveyed upon the wheel by
distinct conveyors it is fitted to support them in the following manner:-A
frame is formed by the addition of a metal ring f,.of a somewhat smaller
diameter than the wheel J, and connected to the same by a series of bars or
pillars, thus leaving a space between the two sufficient for introducing the
inner ends of the conveyors. The wheel J is supported by the ring, which is
elevated above the bed plate, and runs upon wheels fs, as clearly shown in Fig. 2..
Three or four such wheels are sufficient if placed at equal distances apart at
different points of the ring. The wheel J is made to revolve by a toothed
circle 7 secured to the under side of the arms, into which a pinion & works,
and which is driven from beneath by being geared to the main shaft S, as
seen in Fig. 3. The conveyors which form an essential part of the type--
carrying apparatus are attached to the wheel, so that their inner ends occupy
the space between the ring f" and the rim of J. The general shape of these
is that of an L-shaped plate, end views of which are shown in Figs. 1 and 14,
and elevations Figs. 2, 15, 16, and 17, and other Figures. The setting
conveyors c however differ slightly from the distributing conveyors d, the
former being made to receive the type from the cases, while the other is to
deposit them therein; in other respects both are required to go through the
same set of motions upon the carrying wheel J. These motions are of two
kinds; the one is a vibrating or oscillating motion towards and from the
centre of the wheel J, upon a vertical pivot c, d, which connects the plate
to a link c, d, that is hinged to the wheel also by vertical pivots c, d, and
a second a sliding or reciprocating motion in the direction of the circumference
of the wheel.
To understand the object of these motious a description of the mechanism
of the conveyors will be necessary.
And first the mechanism for gripping the type. This is formed of a simple
spring c, d, which is screwed or rivetted to plate c or d, and the loose end
or point of which extends beyond the outer end of said plate, so that the same
opens by coming in contact with the type as the conveyor advances with the
carrying wheel, and by suitable mechanism hereafter described the type is
pushed between the spring and plate, and held there until it is to be delivered
at the proper case, channel, or receiver. While in the conveyor this type is
supported by a foot c, d, as clearly seen in Fig. 16, and this foot is common
to both classes of conveyors. On the inner edges of the descending, portions
of the L-shaped plates c and d are friction rollers c, d, which bear

page_text: against dogs f5, hinged to the ring f, and subjected to the action of
springs which have a tendency to force the conveyors out from the centre.
The dogs are provided at their loose ends with concave recesses f¹, intended
to receive the rollers c, d, and to contain the conveyors when they have
arrived in their most advanced position. While passing the front of the table
or bed plate of the machine the conveyors are prevented from moving out in
'a radial direction by a stationary rail 1, and in order to reduce the friction
rollers c, d, are inserted in the outer edges of the conveyors, which bear
against said rail as shown in Figs. 1 and 14. After passing this stationary
rail the conveyors are held in towards the centre by the action of the indicator
points c, d, against the inner concave surface of the excavated rim m³. A
detached inside elevation of this rim is shown in Fig. 18, and sections of the
same are shown in Figs. 2, 15, 16, and 17. This rim is provided with a
*combination of excavations which correspond to the set given to the indicator
points, either by the action of the compositor on the keys L, or by the nicks
'on the edges of the types and the distributing mechanism which will be herein-
after described. For instance, if the indicator points of a conveyor are set
to correspond to the letter a, said conveyor will travel round on the
excavated rim until it arrives at such a point where the excavations in the
rim correspond to the set of the indicator points for said letter. At that
point the conveyor is allowed to follow the pressure of the spring dog f¹³, and
to move in a radial direction towards the type cases. While moving in this
direction the lever c or do on the conveyor comes in contact with a stationary
cam us, at the under surface of the carrying wheel J, and by the action of
this lever a slide c, d, is operated, which causes a type to be delivered to
the setting conveyor, or to be discharged from the distributing conveyor. The
shape of the cam us is shown in Fig. 15*; it acts when the conveyor is
allowed to move in a radial direction and caused to stop. By the radial motion
of the conveyors the point of the cam u¹³ is made to catch under the point of
the lever cor d², and as the wheel J advances said lever pushes out the
slide. At the same time the conveyor is held up to its work by a pin u
projecting from its upper edge, and made to catch outside a sectional flange u",
secured to the periphery of the wheel J as shown in Fig. 15. When the
conveyor is not permitted to move out in a radial direction the pin u¹s keeps
behind the flange u, as shown in Figs. 16 and 17, and the point of the
lever c² or d does not strike the cam u. 'The lever c, d, are pivotted
to the plates c, d, as clearly shown in Figs. 15, 16, and 17, precisely in the
same position in the setting conveyors and in the distributing conveyors. But
'the slides c" in the setting conveyors are in a different position from the
•

page_text: by-their action the 'type
During the time a type
conveyor is retained for
at the end of each case,
slides of the distributing conveyors. The slides of the. setting con-
veyors are below the foot-c, which supports the type, and they act on rods in¹,
which extend under the type cases K, as shown in Fig. 15,-where a setting
conveyor is shown in the act of taking a type. The slide d of the dis-
tributing conveyors are situated above the foot d", and
carried by said conveyors is pushed out into the case.
is delivered from or received by one of the cases the
a short time by coming in contact with a stop
and since the carrying wheel J never stops, it follows that each conveyor after
having-received or delivered its type moves in the direction of the circum-
ference of the wheel, or more properly speaking the wheel moves while the
conveyor remains stationary. The relative position of the conveyor and wheel
after having received or delivered its type is shown in Fig. 14, where c❤
represents a setting conveyor which has stopped to receive its type, whereas
the remaining conveyors represented in that Figure have already reassumed
their advanced position. In order to cause the conveyors to reassume, their
advanced position a lever u² is pivotted behind each conveyor to the ring f¹³.
This lever is provided with a friction roller in that end which bears on the con-
veyor, and its tail extends beyond the inner edge of the ring f, and as the
carrying wheel J rotates, snid tail strikes a stationary cam or stud u, and by
this action the lever is thrown in the direction of the arrow 2, marked near.it
in Fig. 14, and the conveyor is thrown forward in its advanced position. The
lever u also serves to cause the conveyors to recede in a radial direction
after they have received or delivered a type. In order to effect this purpose
said lever is mounted on a vertical arbor u, which has its bearings in the
ring, and in the carrying wheel J. From the upper end of this arbor
extends an arm u; which bears on a spring, that is secured to the link c¹,
as shown in Fig. 14. When the wheel J advances while the conveyor remains
stationary the lever u is turned in the direction of the arrow marked near-it
in Fig. 14, and thereby the point of the arm u is made to bear. on the
spring, and the link is caused to swing in the direction of arrow 1, carrying
the conveyor back in a radial direction. While receiving the type the gripping
spring of the setting conveyor is held open by a stationary pin in the
carrier wheel, which is so situated that when the conveyor occupies its
advanced position the spring strikes said pin, but as soon as the conveyor
recedes the spring closes up-and grips the type. The gripper spring of the
distributing conveyor is opened by the projection yo,, which will be herein-after
more fully explained. The indicator points', d; on the conveyors, and the
excavated rim m will be described together as they act in conjunction. The

page_text: latter is a broad flat rim of moderate thickness, and is of such a diameter and
width that when secured in place upon the table it shall fit just outside and
under the carrying wheel J, as clearly shown in Figs. 2, 15, 16, and 17. A
section of the excavated rim is taken out and replaced by a segmental rail
as previously stated. In constructing said excavated rim a portion of its
inner surface has a series of grooves cut in it of equal width and parallel to
each other as seen in the detached view of a portion of the rim shown in Fig. 18.
The excavations are made in these grooves by cutting slots of different degrees
of length, and after a certain order, but having an irregular general appear-
ance. The conveyors are placed upon the carrying wheel so that their
descending shanks stand opposite to this line of excavations, and the indicator
points are a series of separate pieces of metal attached to the plates c, d,
by pivots o³, and their ends are rounded and point in the direction of
the excavations. Said indicator points are not pinned rigidly. to the
conveyor, but they must be able to have a movement, each one is there-
fore provided with a friction piece to cause them to stand in any position
that may be given them. The rim m³ is provided with two grooves to each
indicator point, thus in Fig. 18, eighteen grooves are shown, while in Figs. 15,
16, and 17, there are nine indicator points exhibited, and it is by shifting these
points so that they will track into these different grooves according to the set
given to them at a definite starting point that the proper indications are formed
for depositing and taking the type from the cases. In every revolution of the
conveyor it passes a place on the rail, where these points receive a set
which may be called zero, and from which place a new set is given for a
different type than the one previously carried, or in fact, even if it is to carry
again a type of the same character as the former one. This is performed by
the action of a series of inclined planes 97, which are placed in such a
position that they correspond to each alternate groove which are numbered
9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and the intermediate grooves are represented by
9°, 8º, 7º, and so on. As each indicator point has two grooves into which it may
play, some may have been previously put into grooves 9°, 8º, and so forth, and
some allowed to remain in the grooves 9, 8, 7, and so forth, but it is intended
that at each revolution all the points shall be set so that there shall be one
point bearing on each of the grooves 9°, 8°, and so forth, and none in the others,
although in reality the grooves are removed and the points turned down only to
correspond to the position above stated. Suppose that as a conveyor approaches
(which it will in the direction of the arrow) all its points had been previously
set so that they stand in line with the grooves 9, 8, 7, and so forth respec
tively, all these points would be intercepted by the inclined planes 9', and as

page_text: the surface of these incline downwards, the points would slide down and they all
would be turned on their pivots and set so as to ride in the grooves 9º, 8º, 7º,
and so forth, that is to say, the point in groove 9 would be turned into 9º, the
point in groove 8 into 8°, and so forth throughout. The indicators are a device.
for afterwards shifting these points or a portion of them back again from groove
9%, 8%, and so forth, to those marked by the numbers 9, 8, 7, and so forth or vice
versa. Suppose an excavation in the rim which, would be indicated by merely
shifting one of the points, allowing all the others to remain as they are, as for
example, from 9° to 9, this would be performed by the indicator acting only.upon
such point to effect its transference. These indicators are small inclined planes
precisely like those already described, and are arranged in the proper position
in relation to the indicator points, the indicators of the distributing conveyors
on the outside, and those of the setting conveyors on the inside of said
conveyors, as will be herein-after more fully described. The tails of the
indicator points on the distributing conveyors, therefore, are cut off as shown
in Fig. 16, while those of the setting conveyors project beyond the inner edges
of the plates c as shown in Figs. 15 and 17. The indicators & serve to set
the indicator.points of the distributing conveyors, and the indicators * those
of the setting conveyors. Both are movable plates placed in line with .the
grooves.9, 8, 70, and so forth, or 9, 8, 7, and so forth, and arranged so that they
can be brought in a horizontal or in an inclined position, and the indicators e
are all acted upon automatically by the distributing mechanism, whereas the
indicators are set by the compositor. As by the stationary inclined planes g
all the indicator points are shifted into the grooves 9º, 8°, 70, and so forth, so by
the indicators e, * may they all be shifted from said grooves to those num-
bered 9, 8, 7, and so forth. The indicators are shown in Fig. 12, and the indi-
cators * in Figs. 18 and 28, and by referring to Figs. 15, 16, and 17, different
positions of the indicator points can be seen. There is this difference, however,
that the indicator points of the setting conveyors-must all be turned up before
the indicators take action, while the indicator points of the distributing
conveyors are turned down, and it is therefore necessary to have a separate
series of stationary inclines g* to set the setting conveyor to zero. If the
conveyor arrives at such a point of the excavated rim where all its indicator
points are allowed to sink in, it (the conveyor) is immediately -arrested
and the type taken or deposited according as it was a setting or a distributing
conveyor acted upon as already described.
Before the conveyor, can receive a type from or deposit one in the type case
it must always be in the advancing end of the dog f", as shown in Fig. 14,
because while doing so the conveyor must stop, and the carrying wheel by

page_text: causes the con-
The tail of this
continuing its motion slides as it were past the conveyor, that having been
arrested by the fixed stop 7, and at the proper time a lever u
veyor to reassume its advanced position as previously stated.
lever comes in contact with a stop us, which is situated under the pinion k, or
between the distributing and setting mechanism as shown in Fig. 1; this
stop is sufficient because the conveyors do not stop except at the distributing
box, and then again at one of the regular type cases, but the setting conveyors
deliver their type into the channel f without stopping, and the distributing
conveyors deliver quadrats into the channol f*, and odd characters into
channel a, also without stopping. In order to effect this operation revolving
type receivers R, R, R³, are arranged at the mouth of each of said channels.
The circumferential velocity of these type receivers is equal to that of the
carrying wheel, and this construction is shown particularly in Figs. 21 and 22,
which represent a plan and a section of the same, and their position in relation
to the channels and to the conveyors is shown in Fig. 1; they are
composed of circular beads secured to the upper ends of vertical spindles
,,, to which revolving motion is imparted by suitable gearing.
Each head is provided with a series of radial slides r, which are forced out
by springs, and the motion of which is limited by plates catching in
recesses which are cut in the edges of the slides as shown in Figs. 21 and
22. In order to deliver the type from the setting conveyors to the revolving
receiver R³, at the mouth of the channel f, each setting conveyor is provided
with a pusher c, which extends back beyond the rear edge of the plate c, and
is acted on at the proper moment by the cams, Fig. 1. After the type has
been delivered to the receiver it is held therein by the pusher c, until said
receiver has rotated far enough to carry the type behind the end of the out-
side wall of the channel f, into which it is to be deposited, and as the motion
of the receiver proceeds the type is forced out into the channel by the action of
the springs r. The distributing conveyors on arriving opposite the revolving
receiver R³ are operated in a similar manner, but the distributing conveyors
carrying quadrats receive a set which allows them to fall in and to deliver their
type to the receiver R'; or instead of this receiver a stationary channel can be
applied and the quadrats will be nicked on all four sides so that they will
present themselves in the proper position however set up. The type cases or
depositaries may be divided into three classes, first for the regular type, second
for the irregular, and third for the excess. The regular cases are to receive
the type ordinarily employed, the irregular are intended to contain such type
as are but seldom used and which are to be put into the lines by hand, the third
is a provision whereby in caso the distributing part has continued so long that

page_text: he irregular type depositaries are filled the excess may be received here. The
channel of excess and that of irregular.type or odd characters is the same in this
machine and represented by a... The channel is intended to receive the
quadrats which are put into the lines by hand, but for which provision is made in
the distributing mechanism, whereas the channel a❤ will receive promiscuously
any type presented by a distributing. conveyor. The regular type cases are
narrow channels :formed by setting up upon a flat bed two plates forming
parallel sides. The space between these is wide enough to receive the type
flatwise, and therefore they differ, in width to suit the differont letters. A
certain number of such channels are arranged upon a common sectional bed-
plate, and placed so that they, radiate from the axis of the wheel J as a centre.
In Fig. 1 are shown six beds of type cases, forming as many sections as
indicated by the Figures opposite the letter K. These sections with the types
may be wholly detached from the machine without disturbing. any part, and
others containing different fonts substituted. All the regular cases both
recieve and discharge type, whereas the channels a and f* are intended only
to receive type. In receiving a type into the regular cases the provision for
thrusting it in. is upon the conveyor, but the discharging is effected by a
separate mechanism attached to each channel as follows:-In the channel
back of the line of type is a block , which presses squarely up against the
rear type (see. Figs. 15, 16, and. 17), said block is secured to a metallic band
or cord ", which extends over the pulleys k, situated at the opposite.ends-of
the case K. Secured to the outer.pulley and revolving with the same is the
ratchet wheel, and a spring pawl m³ engages with the teeth of this wheel.
Said pawl is secured to slide m", which is connected to the rod m, that extends
through rim f above the, excavated rim m³. A spiral spring m has a
tendency to push the rod m18 with the pawl.towards the centre of the carrying
wheel J, and if a setting conveyor stops before one of the cases to receive a
type the pusher" strikes the end of the rod ms, and forces it out against
the spring m. By this motion the pawl.m7 causes the ratchet wheel and
-the pulleys to revolve, and the block is made to move towards the centre,
and to push.a type out of the case: When a type is delivered into a case by
a distributing conveyor, the block k recedes by the action of the slide d", which
pushes the type from the conveyor into the cases, and the ratchet wheel
revolves in such à direction that its teeth slide over the pawl. In delivering a
.type.from the case, the motion of the block k", and of the ratchet wheel, is alike
for all type, because the type are put edgeways into the cases. Provision is also
made to prevent the setting conveyors fiom stopping before au empty case, or
the distributing before a case which is already ful'. . This purpose is effected

page_text: by a tilting bell crank lever S, which is subjected to the action of a weighted
dog S, that is so arranged that it has a tendency to keep the bell crauk lever S
in a vertical and horizontal position as shown in Fig. 15. In this position the
point of the horizontal arm of said lever extends between two spring bars S
and S, which have their bearings in suitable holes in the bed m. One of
these springs bars is opposite a projection on the setting conveyor, and the
other opposite a projection as on the distributing conveyor; and if the con-
veyor moves out to receive a type, or to deposit one, this projection comes in
contact with the corresponding spring bar, and presses the same out, as shown
in Fig. 15. On the cord are two stops 1, 2, and if the case is empty
and the block close to the inner end thereof, one of these stops comes in
contact with the vertical arm of the tilting lever 'S', and throws the same up in
the position shown in Fig. 17, carrying the point of its horizontal arm opposite
the end of the spring bar S". If a setting conveyor arrives before this empty
channel the projection comes against the end of the bar S, which being
prevented from receding by the action of the bell crank lever S' does not allow
the conveyor to move out and to stop, and compels it to proceed with the
carrying wheel J to the next channel containing the type, for which the
indicator points of said conveyor may be set; but if a distributing conveyor
arrives before this empty case it is free to open and to deliver its type, and by
the backward motion of the block the stop is caused to release the bell
crank lever S, and the next setting conveyor is free to stop before the case
and take the type as usual. In the same means if a case is filled with type,
as shown in Fig. 16, its block is forced clear to the outer end of the same,
and the stop k comes in contact with the vertical arm of the bell crank lever
and tilts the same to the position shown in Fig. 16. The point of the horizontal
arm of the bell crank lever is thereby brought opposite the end of the spring
bar S, and if a distributing conveyor arrives before the case ready to deliver
the type, the projection strikes the inner end of the spring bar S1, and the
conveyor is not allowed to move out or to stop, and it proceeds with the
carrying wheel to the next place intended to receive the type. This arrange-
ment is of great importance, because in a font of type there are many more
of some letters than of others; hence, in arranging them in the cases several
channels will be required to contain the most numerous, while a single
channel may suffice for the fewest. Thus, for instance, it might require three
channels for the letter "a," while one would suffice for the letter x, and so forth.
By the mechanism just described the operation of a conveyor is such that it
always stops at the first channel (where there are several of the same name)
and takes from that (or deposits therein as the case may be) until it is

page_text: emptied (or filled), it will then on to the next, and so forth. In distri-
buting then a conveyer will carry all the letter "a," and begin to fill, say,
the first channel, Fig. 1. When that is filled it will go on to the next and
fill that, and so on; and in case there are still more "a's" than the channels
devoted to that letter can hold, the conveyor will continue all round and finally
deposit it in the channel of excess "a*,” which will therefore receive every
letter which cannot be got into its proper channel. The setting conveyors
will in like manner draw from the first channel until empty, and then go on
to the next of that set, and when by chance the whole of a letter has given
out the conveyor will come round empty.
The distributing mechanism, being the second head, will now be described.
The parts for this occupy chiefly the right-hand side of the table in front of
the carrier and type cases, and by inspecting Fig. 1 the principal parts visible
may be embraced generally in the space inscribed by the line F¹, F. Opposite
to F stands the apparatus ✗ for actuating the set of indicators, thereby
determining the destination of each particular type. The distributing channel a
will be seen to terminate at the inside corner of the frame of the distributing
stand, and adjoining this is the table W for supporting the column of "dead
matter" which is to be distributed. Attached to or situated near it are the
several parts for actuating the feed. At the head of the feed table there is an
abutting plate y to the main bed plate which forms a portion of the type
channel a; on the inside and parallel to this is the other plates to complete
the channel. This plate is elevated above the surface of the table W to
such a height as to allow the column of type to pass beneath its lower edge.
The plate y'is supported by columus a³ (see Figs. 5 and 6), which rise from the
bed plate of the machine, and the liue of type passes under the plate z, in order
to get into the channel a from beneath, a whole line being passed up at the
time; this is effected by a sliding floor u³, which rises at the proper time, lifts the
line, and supports it in this elevated position until the line is exhausted, when
the floor descends, a feed of the column takes place, and another line is lifted
up into the channel, and so on. Said sliding floor is represented in Fig. 5 in
its lowest, and in Fig. 6 in its elevated position; it consists of a thin plate of
metal, which stands between the end of the table W and fixed channel piece y;
when lowered its top edge is flush with the feeding table, and forms a
continuation of it; it is connected to two legs v³, descending below the bed
plate of the machine, and terminating in the frame o³, which performs the
raising and lowering. When a line of type has been raised into the channel
they must be fed along towards the place of discharge. This is accomplished
by a pushing ratchet m³, Fig. 1, which is urged forward by the click.g? upon

page_text: a vibrating arm S³, actuated from beneath by a cam w³ (Fig. 6). Attached to
the ratchet is a cord o³, which extends over pulley o¹, and from which a
weight o¹s is suspended, which tends always to pull the ratchet back. A check
click pattached to the standard which forms the guide of the ratchet holds
the same in place, and does not allow it to follow the action of the weight o¹³
until the clicks g³, p², are withdrawn. The arm S which carries the click g³
is mounted on a vertical rock shaft S₁ (see Fig. 1), which extends through the
bed of the machine and carries an arm u³, as seen particularly in Figs. 4 and 6.
The friction roller on the end of this arm is kept constantly pressing upon
the cam w by a spring, and when the cavity w in this cam passes by said
friction roller sinks in, and as the motion of the cam proceeds a feed is given.
As a type is thrust from the end of the line the whole are fed along until the
gap left is closed, the types then striking against a positive stop. In order to
effect this purpose with types of different width the cam is deeper than
required for closing up the gap left by discharging the thickest type. A
stop v³, mounted on the lower end of a vertical rod us and operated by a lever,
serves to throw the roller end of the arm us off from the cam w (see Fig. 4),
and the feed is stopped. The lever is seen in Fig. 1, and it is operated by
a suitable handle; when it is in the position shown in that Figure, the feed goes
on, but if it is moved in the direction of the arrow marked near it in Fig. 1
until its end drops into the hole 21, the feed stops. When a line of type has
been fed off, the ratchet clicks 9" and p will be disengaged, and the weight o¹³
allowed to pull back, and a feed of the whole column of type will take place,
and the next line bo elevated into the channel a. This portion of the machine
will be readily understood by referring to Figs. 1, 4, 7, and 8. It will be seen by
referring to Fig. 1 that the feeding tablo W is of greater width than the column
of type represented therein. Each side of the table has a guage plate, and the
column is placed to fit against the plate on one side, while the plate g on the
opposite side is made adjustable, and filled by parallel bars 9*, or by any other
suitable means, so that it can be readily adjusted to any desirable width of
column; at the foot of the column there is a small block r³, and of the same
width as the column. Extending quito over the table is a cross bar r, the two
ends of which are attached to toothed racks r, lying parallel to the sides of
the table, as shown; working into these racks are two wheels t, and adjoining
one of these wheels is a ratchet wheels; these are all upon one shaft t*, which
lies beneath the table, and extends from side to side. Mounted on one end
of the shaft is a lever u, carrying a pawl vin such a position that the same
engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheels, as seen in dotted lines in
Figs. 7 and 8, and that the shaft t* is rotated in the direction of the arrow

page_text: marked near, it in said Figures when the lever u is depressed from the position
shown in Fig. 7 to that shown in Fig. 8. Upon the end of each of these
levers is a link or connecting rod w, suspended by lengthened slots'w, as
seen
Fig. 8, and this rod passes through the bed plate and terminates in
a frame, as represented in the several Figures. This frame is hinged near its
back end by a pivot p³, and consequently a portion of its weight is sustained
by the lever u. The frame is raised up by means of a cam g³ upon the main
shaft S, but it falls by its own weight. The feeding up of the column of type
will now be readily understood. As the cam g³ lifts the frame the rod w raises
the lever u and causes the pivots v to take a next ratchet tooth, as shown in
Fig. 7. The dropping of the frame a, as in Fig. 8, turns the pinions t, which
acting upon the racks push against the cross bar ¹, and force up the
column of type until the top line strikes the plate y; this line must now be
elevated to the position shown in Fig. 6. During the time that the line
itself is being fed off, the frame is held up in its elevated position, and only
drops down at the moment of giving the feed of the column. It is kept up
by a swinging hanger a', which performs also the operations of disengaging
the clicks g, p, from the ratchet m³. At the lower part of the hanger there
is a notch rest, upon which the frame is held by a supporting pin h³. The
hanger extends above the pin 65, upon which it swings, its top terminating
just under the ratchet m³, so that it can swing back and forth without
interfering with that ratchet. At one side there is a bolt inserted in the
upper end of said hanger, and kept constantly pressing upward by a spring,
and at the back of the hanger there is a set of feather springs k³; these
springs are quite large, and only acted upon periodically, and a weighted
arm g³ has a tendency to press the hanger forward. The unlocking of the
parts which cause the feed of both line and column is effected by a nose f³
projecting from the inner side of the ratchet, as shown in Figs. 1, 5, and 6.
While the line is being fed off the hanger a³ stands vertically, as shown in
Fig. 7, and is kept in this position by the bolt d³ pressing against the sido of
the ratchet m³. By the time the line of type is fed off the nose f' has
arrived at the place where the bolt stands, and continuing on said nose
strikes the top of the bolt, and depresses it below the ratchet, when by the
force of the weight on the arm g³ it will be thrown under, and the hanger a³
is made to swing so as to bring the supporting pin h³ on the edge of the notch
rest . At this point a cross bar j³ at the top of the 'hanger (seen best in
Figs. 5 and 6) strikes against the two clicks g and p³, which are wider than
the ratchet m³, and project below the edge of the same, and the pin h³ sliding
down the curved face below the rest moves the hanger still further, and

page_text: thus effects the disengagement of the clicks. The object of this curved plane
is to assist the weighted arm g³ by the force derived from the weight of the
end of the framo a; this frame now drops down, as shown in Fig. 8, and
the ratchet m³ flies back by the action of the weight os; when it has receded
far enough to bring the driving end clear of the line of type the bolt at the
top end of the hanger a³ must come from under and take its place again, as
shown in Fig. 7%; this is effected by the action of a wedge, which is
adjustable upon the ratchet, and capable of being clamped in different
positions. As the ratchet flies back the point of the wedge enters under the
springs, and increases their tension so much as to overcome the force of the
weighted arm g³. If there was no obstruction the hanger a³ would become
perpendicular at once, but it will be seen that the pin h³ on the frame a keeps
the bolt d³ under the ratchet m³. This it must do, because although the
column of type has been fed up the line at the top has not been raised into
the channel. The cam 9 now lifts the frame a to a certain height, when it
will engage the ends of the interior frame o¹s, which will now be carried along
with it in its ascent. The engagement is effected by means of the springs a³,
the projecting ends of which rest upon the cross bars of the frame a, as seen
in Fig. 4. To the frame o³ the type-lifting floor u³ is attached by rods v³, as
shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The frames now rise together to their full height,
and the line of type is raised vertically from the position shown in Fig. 5 to
that shown in Fig. 6. At the last part of this motion the pin h³ rises above
the notch rest, and the springs ³ cause the hanger to fall into a perpendicular
position, as shown in Fig. 7. By that act the clicks 9³, p³, are re-engaged,
and the feed of the line of type immediately commences. It must be under-
stood that the shaft S is in constant revolution; all these changes havo
therefore taken place in a moment. It will be observed that the interior
frame is lifted by the spring a³, and in most of the moving parts the
connections are in some form or other capable of being relieved by springs as
safeguards. Thus in case from any cause the types stick too hard together to
be easily broken from the column it will be seen that the springs would give,
and thus a breakage be probably avoided. When the type is fed up against
the plate y of the channel a it is immediately relieved, as the frame begins to
rise again as soon as it has reached its lowest point, and the lifting floor is
therefore allowed to move up and down pretty freely, and no further device is
requisite to reduce or soften the pressure of the type against the plate y, or
against the lifting floor u³. As each type leaves the advancing end of the
lino it is received in a channel leading to a platform on the distributing
stand X, containing the indicating mechanism, which stand is placed upon the

page_text: bed of the machine in the position shown in Fig. 1, and which is shown in
detail in Figs. 9 to 13 inclusive. Before a type is taken from this place by a
distributing conveyor, the indicators e, Fig. 12, must be set to act properly
upon the indicating points, of that conveyor; this is accomplished by a
system of sliding bars and levers which are brought into play by means of
certain nicks cut on the shanks of the type, each type having a certain order
of nicks whereby both their thickness and their denomination are ascertained
by the machine. In Fig. 23 is shown a theory for a complete system of such
nicks; these it will be seen are divided into two groups, and consist of
incisions or cuts upon the edge of the type within spaces formed, by certain
lines of which the upper set are within seven lines, and the lower within eight
lines, forming six spaces for the upper, and seven for the lower. Connected
to the box are thirteen thin and nicely constructed levers supported in a
horizontal position all upon one axis, and arranged in groups, so that their
position will correspond with the spaces formed upon the types. Six of these
levers belong to the upper, and seven to the lower set of spaces. Fig. 9
represents a plan or top view of this distributing stand; Fig. 10 is a similar
view partly in section; Fig. 11 is a horizontal section of the same, the line
1, 2, Fig. 12, indicating the plane of section; Fig. 11 is a transverse section
of the same taken in the plane indicated by the line 3, 4, Fig. 10. Fig. 7 is
a rear elevation of the same, and Fig. 13 a front view. The horizontal
levers ³, p, r, have their bearings on a vertical pivot a¹, which is secured in
suitable lugs or ears projecting from the side of the stand X.
made of thin plates of steel, and they are placed one on top
in number, and in two groups as shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
posed of arms, with pointed wedge-shaped heads p', and of segments or
quadrants. The arms ³ extend within the stand X, and the quadrants are
situated outside thereof. The position of said levers is such that when a type
passes from the channel on the platform a³ of the distributing stand, that edge
of the shank which is provided with nicks faces the arms. The channel a forms
a continuation of the channel a, and its inner plate y'is made to swing on a pivoty',
towards and from its outer plate as clearly shown in Figs. 9 and 10 of the Draw-
ings. A spring has a tendency to close up the latch y", and to press the type
on the platform a* against the levers 2³, and a camj" acting through a lever,
or a slide ; opens the latter at the proper intervals. The levers &³ are provided
with slight projections 21 on their inner edges which extend only a short distance
equal to the thinnest type, beyond the end of the latch y", so that by the action
of said latch only one type at a time is pressed against the levers. By the nicks
in the shank of the type a set is given to the levers 23, that is to say, those levers
Said levers are
of the other, 18
They are com-

page_text: which are opposite the nicks remain stationary, and those which are opposite the
full portions of the shank are forced back, causing their heads p' to assume a posi-
tion as shown in Fig. 10. In this position said levers are held by the action of
a hooked-shaped bell crank lever u', to which an oscillating motion is imparted
by a cam j, mounted on the central arbor 14 of the distributing stand. The
set thus given to the lever is transmitted to the quadrants 4, which are
made solid with or rigidly attached to the same. These quadrants are pro-
vided with small forks, which project from their peripheries and straddle
the upper ends of nine levers ut, which have their fulcra on pivots u", inserted
in the outer curved surface of a quarter cylinder W. The diameter of this
quarter cylinder is equal to that of the quadrats, or nearly so, and it is
situated under the same as shown particularly in Fig. 13. It is perforated
with nine horizontal slots u, equal in number to the number of the levers u',
and fitted into these slots are segments us, made of thin sheet steel, and
shaped as shown in Fig. 11 of the Drawing. Each of these segments is
provided with a stop u", projecting beyond the outer convex surface of the
quarter cylinder, and so situated that if the corresponding lever u' is thrown
in the direction of the arrow marked thereon in Fig. 18, and a bell crank w
is tilted thereby, the lower end of said bell crank comes opposite to the
stop, and prevents the segment being moved in the direction of the arrow
marked thereon on Fig. 18. By referring to said Figure it will be noticed
that the lower ends of the levers w catch in the forked ends of the bell
cranks w, and if said levers are in their normal positions, or if neither of the
quadrants has received a set, the loose ends of the bell cranks are in such
a position that they do not interfere with the motion of the segments us, and
since the quadrants are always brought back to their position of rest by tho
action of springs p¹ on the arms &³ as soon as said arms are relieved from the
pressure of the type it follows that if a type is pressed up against said arms
with a nick corresponding to the two uppermost arms or levers, all the levers
and quadrants will be actuated except those two, and all the segments us are
prevented from moving except the two lowest ones, which correspond to the
upper levers and quadrants. Secured to the inner ends of the segments w
are the indicators c', the shape of which is clearly shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11,
.2, where two different views of the same are shown. They are intended
to produce the set of the indicator points of the distributing conveyors, and
they are formed of small inclined planes as previously stated. If neither of
the segments is allowed to move in towards the carrying wheel, the indicator
points of the conveyors do not come in contact with the indicators e, and .no
set is given them, but if the two lowest segments, or any of the other

page_text: segments, or any combination of two or more segments are allowed to move
in, a corresponding set is given to the indicator points of the conveyor, pro-
vided said conveyor be a distributing conveyor, and in that case the conveyor
stops opposite the platform a* to receive the type. The motion of the seg-
ments us is produced by springs x, which extend from a vertical arbor a
into grooves as, cut in the inner concave edges of said segments as shown in
Fig. 11. Each segment is moved by its separate spring, and the arbor which
carries said spring extends through the bed of the machine, and carries a
roller arma, which is held up to the face of a revolving cam by the action
of a spring, so that it receives an oscillating motion. Those of the segments
which are retained by the bell cranks u.are thus enabled to remain stationary,
while the remaining segments follow the action of the springs x*, and produce
the set of the indicator points as previously explained. The motion of the
segments however is so timed that the indicators & will be moved out of the
way by the time a setting conveyor comes round, and consequently the indi-
cator points of these conveyors will not be affected. Each distributing
conveyor on arriving opposite the platform a* is caused to stop by the detaining
hook g, which extends from the inner surface of the distributing stand and
comes in contact with the projection of the conveyor, a setting conveyor
will not stop because its projection is situated too high to come in contact
with 'the detaining hook . This hook is rigidly connected to a slide q³,
which is fitted in a suitable recess in the stand X, and which is forced toward
the channel by means of a spring 9, or instead of the spring a positive
motion may be given to it by a lever, to which an oscillating motion is im-
parted by a cam at the central arbor 1". The slide y³ carries the graduated
stop c', which governs its motion, and is connected to it by a tongue which
catches in a corresponding recess in the lower edge of said stop as shown in
Fig. 12. The object of the graduated stop is to determine and limit the
motion of the line of type in the channels a, a, according to the thick-
ness of the type in front of said type, for if no such provision were made
and the slide or stop were allowed to move an equal distance for every type
to be taken from the channel, the thickest type could not get out, and the
thinnest type would tumble over and disturb the correct action of the machine.
In order to fulfil its proper destination the outer edge or tail of the graduated
stop is formed so that the same presents a series of notches of unequal depth,
and equal in number and position to the levers. The heads p* of these,
levers form shoulders p", and if by the action of a certain type all the levers³
are pressed in except one, the graduated stop c* will move away from the,
channel until the notch opposite to that lever is arrested by the shoulder t

page_text: on its head, and the notch on the stop is so adjusted that the motion allowed
to the stop and slide corresponds to the thickness of the type in question.
By this arrangement provision is made to open the channel a just far enough
for each type which has one or more nicks, but for the "thin space," which
has no nick, a separate stop is put in, which is brought into action whenever
all the levers are forced back. This stop consists of a small apron h*,
which is pivoted to the stop c', and extends down inside of the levers &³,
bearing by the action of a spring " on projections ", which rise from
the edges of all the levers. Opposite the end of the apron h* rises a
small stud from the bottom of the chamber in which the graduated
stop moves. This stud is in such a position that the apron will not come in
contact with it as long as one of the levers with its projection bears against
are forced back, which takes
But so soon as all the levers
said apron.
place when a thin space presents itself, the apron h* impelled by the
spring falls in, and if the stop moves away from the channel a the end of
the apron strikes the stud, and the stop is thereby prevented from moving any
further than necessary to let out the thin space.
This object may however
be accomplished in various different ways, and the mechanism just described is
only mentioned as an example of one of the devices which will serve the desired
purpose. When a distributing conveyor stops opposite the platform a* its
spring dus is thrown open by coming in contact with a projection y" on "that
side of the latch y which faces towards the carrying wheel, and at that
moment the pusher is thrown forward, and the type is delivered to the
conveyor; this forked end of the pusher passes through these slots in the
inner end of the graduated stop c', as clearly shown in Fig. 12, so that it
bears against the type at the bottom, in the middle, and on the top, and
delivers the same in an upright position. Said pusher is operated by the
action of a cam j" on the lever k, which is pivoted to the top of the dis-
tributing stand, and connects with the pusher by a rod or link . A spiral
spring holds the lever " and also the inner end of the hooked catch u
in contact, each with the surface of its respective cam; and the arbor on
which these several cams are mounted receives a continuous rotary motion by
suitable gear from the shaft T, as shown in Fig. 4. From this description it
will be readily understood how the set is given to the indicator points of each
distributing conveyor, and it is obvious that these points must be set at zero
before they can come in contact with the inclined planes or indicators e. The
manner in which this is effected has been previously described, and it remains
to remark that each distributing conveyor after having received its set by the
indicators carries the type delivered to it from the platform a to the

page_text: appropriate case, and deposits the same therein, provided it finds room; or if
there be no room, or the type happens to be an odd character in the channel
of excess as previously.fully explained.
The third head, viz., the mechanism for composing or setting type will now
be described. The figures required to explain this mechanism will be 1, 2, 3, 4,'
5, 6, 19, 20, and from 24 to 30 inclusive. The front left-hand half of the table,
Fig. 1, is devoted to the parts operated by the compositor, and is also the place
where the type is received and formed into column. At the back of this table
is the receiving channel f, where the type is delivered by the setting conveyors.
and forms a long line. The channel terminates at the top of the galley M,
upon which a column of type is represented in process of formation. This
galley is an ordinary printer's galley, of the usual width and of any desired
length, and it is adjusted by means of set screws 2° between flanged rails M','
which are firmly secured to the bed supporting the galley. The object of
using an ordinary printer's galley is to enable the compositor to remove said
galley whenever it has received the desired amount of column together with
the type, and to take from it the proof sheet impression without being com-
pelled to remove the type in a body from the galley. The channel f extends
from the revolving receiver R³ to the head of the galley, which is closed by
the follower elo. This follower is hinged to the outside of the frame or bed
which supports the galley, so that it has an oscillating motion towards and
from said head, and its length is precisely equal to the length of line for
which the galley is adjusted. For lines of greater or less length different
followers have to be inserted, and said followers must therefore be attached
in such a manner that they can be readily removed and replaced by another. As
the type advances in the channelf, and said channel begins to fill, the compositor
pushes the line of type along by means of a bodkin until its advancing end
strikes the end of the follower e10. At that place the line is divided by a thin
plate which is caused to an oscillating lever 91, and which may be made
adjustable thereon to suit lines of different length. An eccentric cam 610
which is operated by a suitable handle serves to push the plate between the
type in the channel, and to cut off sufficient for one line. If the plate
happens to strike on a thick type, the line in the channel fis pushed back, and
the line cut off is justified, and it is then pushed into the galley. This is
effected by throwing the follower back, pushing the new line up until it
strikes the outer abutting plate of the galley, and then turning the follower
back to its old position. By this latter motion the new line is forced down
into the galley, and the formation of another line can be commenced. In
order to prevent the line at the top of the galley from tumbling over when

page_text: the follower e¹ is withdrawn, a rod is applied, which slides in stationary
bearings, and is constantly drawn up towards the end of the channel ƒ by a
weight suspended from a cord which runs over a pulley & under the rod e
and is secured to the end of said rod, as shown in Fig. 3. A suitable
recess is made in the follower to allow the same to open and close freely
When the follower is thrown
without interfering with the motion of the rod.
back said rod being close in front of the line at the end of the galley prevents
the type from tumbling over, and as the new line is pushed the rode recedes,
but so soon as the follower is closed, and by its action the new line is forced
down into the galley, the rod advances again and reassumes its original
position in front of the galley impelled by the weight. The channel fis so
constructed that its width can be increased or diminished to conform to the
width of types of different fonts, and in the same manner the motion of the
follower is adjustable. For if the follower would be allowed to open much
wider than necessary to admit the new line of type, this new line would be
liable to tumble over and cause a disturbance. In order to adjust the motion
of the follower it is made to abut against the point of a set screw g³ which
screws into the bed supporting the galley, and extends throughout its entire
width. By screwing the set screw in or out the motion of the follower is
decreased or increased, and it is adjusted to suit the width of the particular
font of type to be used. Next, adjoining the galley M, and supported by the
same bed, are a series of cups M*, which are intended to hold odd characters
or such types and spaces as may be needed in justifying the liues. The names
of the letters or characters contained in these cups are indicated by buttons
placed at the head of each cup, or by other suitable device provided with
appropriate marks or inscriptions. Next to the cups M*, and supported by
the bed of the machine, is the table Ļ of indicator keys, a sectional view of
which is given in Fig. 3. These keys connect by a system of levers and
trackers with the indicating mechanism in the centre and beneath the carrying
wheel. In the description of the distributing mechanism it was shown that
all the movements for effecting the set of the indicators were accomplished
through the movements of the nine segments w, Fig. 11. In the composing
mechanism there are a like number of indicators for effecting the set of the
points upon the conveyor, and these are acted upon by nine levers which
connect the keys with the nine indicators; but as there are a much greater
number of keys than of indicators, of course these latter act to form com-
binations of movements, and these, calculated by the rule for permutation
nine planes of figures, would be ample for the most extensive alphabets
or characters of any known language. The keys, as shown, are pins with
upon

page_text: buttons on top for the convenience of fingering. The pins pass through
holes in the table, which holes are arranged in a regular order so as to form
parallel rows, as shown in Fig. 1, each pin acting upon a small. cranked.
Beneath these levers is a series of sliding bars 6º, a bar to
lever a, Fig. 8.
each lever and key.
they occupy must be
steel.
These in consequence of their number and the space
very thin, and are. most conveniently made of strips of
They are arranged in a rack formed by the plates 690, as shown in
Figs. 26 and 27. Upon the top of each bar there is a single projecting'pin,
against which the cranked levers a strike, these pins being in a different
situation according to the positions of the cranks and keys.. Upon the under.
edges of said bars there are also projecting pins, but, instead of being limited.
to one to each bar, they are not only of various numbers but also in varying
positions, as seen in Fig, 27, where two bars are seen detached. The upper:
edge shows the single pin a* with which each is provided, but on the under:
edge one has two pins & stationed far apart, while the other has three oº in
succession. These pins actuate the nine indicators that have been already
described; thus when a key which acts upon this slide is pressed down all.
the indicators will be set also; if the key which acts upon the slide i, Fig. 27,
is pressed down only two indicators will be moved, viz., the top and bottom-
ones, while with the next slide three consecutive levers would be moved and
so on. There are nine levers & shaped as shown in Fig. 25; they have a long
fulcrum or axis, the top half of each lever being a blade, while the lower half
is simply an arm placed near one extrémity of the axis, but as each of these
arms connects with one end of the trackers which lead off to the centre of
the machine at right angles, the arms cannot be placed equally near the ends
of the levers d, as otherwise the trackers could not be engaged. These latter.
lay beneath the bed of the machine, and their position is shown in Fig. 4,
where the ends of the levers will be seen engaged, and which will suffi-
ciently explain their arrangement upon the axis on which they oscillate. It.
will be seen that the whole row of slides 6° lie across the tops of the levers do,
and at right angles to them, thus any slide can be made to act upon as many
levers as may be required for effecting the desired movements in the indicators
according to the position of the pins &³ or 0°.
Of the large number of keys represented in Fig. 1 of the Drawing, each.
one corresponds to a type of a different name or character, and by depressing
it the indication for each one must be obtained by variously combined move-
ments of the near levers d. The trackers terminate at their inner ends in a set
of elbow levers f, seen in Figs..2, .8, 4, 19, 20, and particularly in Fig. 30,
where one of these levers, with its.connections is shown detached in full size.

page_text: These levers are pivoted to a standard s, which is screwed down upon the
bed of the machine, and which is provided with nine slots, each to receive one
of said levers, as clearly shown in Figs. 19 and 20. One common rod ƒ forms
the fulcrum for all of them, and their horizontal arms are situated above the
table, whereas their vertical arms extend through a slot in the same, as seen
prependicularly in Figs. 4, 20, and 30. The trackers are hinged to the ver-
tical arms of said elbow levers and small springs f of india-rubber or other
suitable material may be attached to said arms to bring them back to their
normal positions after each movement. The horizontal arms of the elbow
levers fact as rods or slides f", which are guided in vertical grooves in the
face of the standard so, one slide to every lever and tracker. Cross-bars 891
hold the slides in the grooves and prevent them from dropping out accidentally,
and each slide is provided with a projection or tooth ss, which are intended to
act on the levers g'; these levers are pivoted at the middle of their longth to
the standard or division plate s³, one above the other, as clearly shown in
Fig. 20, and they are of gradually decreasing length, according to the position
of the tooth with which each of them engages. The first or top lever in the
row is the longest, and the lowest or bottom lever the shortest, and in order
to divide them all into two equal parts, the pivots which form their fulcra are
situated in an oblique line. By pulling the trackers e" the outer ends of the
levers 9 will be raised and their inner ends depressed, and by their action the
motion of the keys is transmitted to the register levers h. It has been 'stated
that the compositor could compose ahead of the operation of the machine,
i.e., without regard to the speed of the carrying wheel or the delivery of the
type by the conveyors, and that he could indicate letters to be delivered to the
compositor's table considerably in advance, so that he could be able to stop
working and yet have the letters previously indicated delivered without any
further detention on his part.
The mechanism whereby this is accomplished is arranged as follows:-
The movement of the keys does not directly effect the set of the indicators,
but operates instead upon a "register wheel" so contrived that a considerable
number of signs or letters can be as it were recorded upon it. The revo-
lution of the register wheel brings the part recording such signs or letters
successively to act upon the indicators in time to effect the set of the
indicating points of the next approaching setting conveyor. The register
wheel is composed of two broad concentric rings R³, one of less diameter
than the other, but both of the same breadth or height. The smaller ring a,
of course is inside the larger, thus leaving an annular space between the two
(see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 19, and 20). Figs. 2 and 3 show sections of the register-

page_text: ing device in the machine, and Fig. 20 a detached sectional view on a larger
scale than the Figures previously named. Fig. 1 represents a top view of the
same when the machine is in working position, and Fig. 19 is a similar view
detached and on a larger scale. Both rings are perforated with a series of
small holes, each hole in one being directly opposite to a hole in the other.
Nine holes are drilled in a vertical line and at equal distances apart. A short
distance from these nine more are drilled in a vertical line, and this is
continued until the whole circumference is filled, care being taken that each
hole in every vertical line is also in the same horizontal line with its neighbours.
These holes are thus to be filled with pins o, long enough to project beyond
the face of the rings Ra, and to keep them from falling out small friction
springs o are placed between them as shown in Fig. 19. Each of these
springs o bears on two adjoining pins and press against them with sufficient
force to retain them in their sockets and yet allow them to move in either
direction. Every vertical row of nine pins corresponds to the nine indicators,
and by these pins the indicators are acted upon. Thus if there were one
hundred such vertical rows upon the circumference of the ring, there could be
a like number of indications by one revolution of the same, and it is by
pushing these pins out that the indicator can be acted upon by them.
Three of the pins o' are shown pushed out at the bottom of the vertical row in
Fig. 20, while all the rest are pushed in, and consequently out of action.
The register wheel is supported upon the fixed central axis 4º, and turns upon
it; its motion is intermittent, i.e., it moves by the action of a pawl, notch by
notch, it being provided with cogs which engage with the driving pawl u³,
Figs. 1 and 19. Each movement, however, is of the precise distance between
the rows of pins measured around the circumference. The act of pressing
down one of the keys L, immediately causes the pushing out of one or more
of the pins oº in a vertical line, the subsequent pressing down of the same or
of another key would act immediately to push out certain pins in the next
vertical line, and in this way nearly all the pins might be set ready to indicate
letters on the indicators, and such setting of the types would take place in due
time as the register wheel revolved. All the pins in the register wheel cannot
be reached because a portion of the interior space is taken up .by fixed
mechanism, and consequently the circumscribing register wheel would be
interrupted at that part. These register levers he have-a double motion, and
this consists in their sweeping round the interior of the ring and having also
a vibrating motion in a vertical plane; they are hung in a frame," which
projects horizontally from the centre shaft to which it is attached by two
eyes in the ends of the top and bottom pieces as seen in Fig. 20, and these

page_text: eyes are fitted to the shaft so that the frame is free to rotate about the same
shaft as its axis. The nine levers are sustained in a vertical plane one above
the other by fulcrum pins ", which have their bearings in the vertical bars j
screwed to the frame. The inner end of each lever terminates on a
flattened ring h¹, and through all these rings passes the shaft freely, so they
do not come in contact therewith. The outer ends of these levers terminate
just short of the surface of the inner registering ring a³, and when not acted
upon by the keys they lie in such a position that their ends can pass between
horizontal rows of the pins o³, the top lever standing below the top pin, and
lowest lever beneath the lowest pin. Said levers are composed of thin plates
of metal baving considerable breadth as shown in Figs. 19 and 20, the
former Figure representing a plan or top view of one of said levers detached.
The outer ends of the levers are furthermore levelled in one direction as
seen in Figs. 19 and 19, and they are so situated in relation to the inner ends
of the pins o' that if one of them is raised in line with a row of pins, and the
frame, rotates in the direction of the arrow marked near it in Fig. 19, every pin
in said row, with which the end of the lever comes in contact, will be pushed out.
The frame is propelled in the direction of said arrow (Fig. 19) by a pulley
to, which is attached to it, as seen in Fig. 20, and to which a cord r³ is secured,
having a weight at its free end, as shown in Fig. 2, and this cord is con-
nected to the frame in such a manner that the weight produces a motion in
the desired direction. The travel or motion of the frame is governed by an
escapement which allows it to move only a certain distance at a time, and this
distance must be exactly equal to the interval between one vertical row of
pins o and the next. The mechanism of the escapement is composed of
two rows of pins, projecting from the inner surface of the ring ³, near its
top edge, as seen in Figs. 19, 20, and 29, the latter Figure representing a
detached inside view of a portion of said ring with the pins ; these pins are
set in the manner of a "pin-wheel escapement" of a clock, those in the lower
row being between those in the upper row, as seen in Fig. 29. The piece
acting as a pallet is the hook shaped end nº, of the vertical bar m, which
slides up and down in suitable bearings near the outer end of the frame j".
When the hook n' is down it comes in contact with one of the pins 2º¹ in the
lower row, and prevents the frame following the action of the weight 11, but
as soon as the bar m' is raised the hook escapes from the pin in the lowest row,
and the frame rotates until said hook strikes the next succeeding pin
in the upper row, and if the bar is again depressed the hook escapes from
the upper pin and allows the frame to rotate until (it the hook) is brought up
against the next succeeding pin in the lowest row. Thus it will be seen

page_text: the frame is permitted to rotate from one pin to the other for every
up or down motion of the bar mo. The upward motion of this bar is
made dependent upon the register levers h°, each of which is provided
with a tooth or projection * (see Fig. 194), which catches in a notch m
in the outer edge of the bar m³, and the downward motion of each
bar is produced by a spring p'. Thus it will be seen whenever one or more
of the register levers h are depressed at their inner ends,, and consequently
raised at their points, the bar m will rise, and the frame move from one
pin in the lower to one in the upper row, and so soon as the register
levers hº recede the bar m³ is, depressed by the action of the spring p, and
the frame moves again from the pin in the upper to the next succeeding
pin in the lower row. The register levers are acted upon by the coupling
levers go, the inner ends of which rest each upon one of the rings on the inner
ends of said register levers, while their other ends bear against the projections
on the slides f", as previously described and shown in Fig. 20 of the Drawing.
Thus it will be seen that no matter in whatever position of the circle the
frame with the register levers may be as respects' their outer ends, the
coupling levers go will always be able to act upon them, because they continue
to press upon some part of the rings at their inner ends. The manner of
transmitting the motion of the keys L to the register levers hº, and through
them upon the register pins oº can now be seen.
key L✶ for instance, as seen in Fig. 3, the slide
which are three engaging points, and accordingly three of the levers'd are
acted upon; these pull three trackers, the motion of which is transmitted to
the three lower register levers h by the action of the bell cranks fº, on the
slides f", and through them on the outer, ends of the coupling levers 9º, as
clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 20. The outer ends of the register levers are by
this movement brought in such a position as to interfere with the inner ends
of the register pins oº, and the bar m being raised at the same moment the
escapement acts, and the frame g is allowed to move along. As the motion
of the frame takes place the bevelled ends of three raised levers h will strike
three pins in the next vertical row opposite to which the frame is now brought
pp.by the escapement, and three pins o³ are pushed out as shown in Figs. 3
and 25. By removing the finger off the key the register levers are allowed to
fall back, the escapement bar m' drops down and is caught by an escapement
pin of the lowest row, a second movement of the frame 1 takes place, moving
the bevilled ends. of the register levers so as to stand half way between two
vertical rows of the register pins o'; for it will be evident that if this were.
not done the vertical movement of the register levers he would be interfered
By depressing the first
is moved' along, upon

page_text: with by said pins. If the same or any other key is thus depressed another set
of the levers will take place according to any particular combination required
to give the indicators of the next letter required in the composition, and the
proper pins o⁹ will be pushed out in the next vertical row in the same manner
as above described. In this way the register levers will sweep round the
whole interior of the registering wheel until they arrive at the division plate
or standard s³, upon which the levers and 9° are affixed. At this place a
warning will be given upon a bell a', which is shown below the table in
Figs. 3 and 4.
The clapper of this bell is connected to a toe a¹, which
projects through the table, and when the frame has completed its circuit it
passes said toe and causes said clapper to strike the bell. Whenever this
takes place the register wheel contains a record of the number of letters equal
to the number of vertical rows in which pins have been pushed out, and on
hearing the signal the compositor must stop playing the keys. The letters
thus indicated will all be delivered in regular order in the channel f, without
further attention on the part of the compositor.
.
It now remains to describe, in connection with this part, the mechanism for
and the manner in which the pins o act upon the indicators and effect their
setting. The position of the register wheel is seen in Fig. 1, and also in
Figs. 2, 3, and 20; it is suspended upon the same stationary axis with the
carrying wheel J, and is beneath it; it has a rotary motion in the same
direction with the carrying wheel, and it is moved at the proper time and to
the right distance for giving the set to the indicators. A lever, with a long
hub at its inner end is fitted on the central axis and made to turn freely
thereon. This lever carries at its outer end a roller w³, and a spiral spring w
acts on the lever in such a manner that the same has a tendency to swing in
the direction of the arrow marked near it in Figs. 1 and 19, and by these
means the roller w is held in contact with the cam w, which produces the
desired vibrating motion of the lever v; said lever also carries a pawl u³,
which engages with teeth cut upon the periphery of the register wheel, as
clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 19. When the lever is forced back in the
direction opposite to the arrow marked near it, the pawl slides over the teeth
of the register wheel, which is prevented from turning back by a stop pawl vº¹;
but when the lever follows the action of the spring w, and swings in the
direction of the arrow marked on it, the pawl engages with the teeth of the
register wheel, and imparts to it a rotary motion in the same direction in
which the carrying wheel rotates. The cam w is secured to the upright
shaft w, which carries the pinion k, by which motion is imparted to the
carrier wheel J, and it is so shaped that the register wheel is propelled once

page_text: for each setting conveyor on the carrying wheel. By the motion thus
imparted to the register wheel R, the pius o, which have been pushed out by
the action of the frame ", moving in the opposite direction to the registér
wheel are brought in contact; one set after the other, with inclined planes kº¹ on
the outer ends of plates, which extend from rods mo, as shown in Figs. 18³,
28, and 28. Said inclined planes are formed by turning up a lip on the
inner edge of the plates and the rods' m° are parallel to each other, being
in number corresponding with the number of indicators, and also with the
number of pins o' in a vertical row. They are placed one above the other, as
shown particularly in Fig. 2 of the Drawing, where their position in relation
to the register wheel and to the conveyors can be' seen. They have their
bearings in a frame , which is secured to the bed of the machine,' and
'secured to their outer ends are the indicators *, which act on the tails of the
indicator points of the setting conveyors. From each of the rods m° projects
a small pin mo, and springs mos bearing on these pins have a tendency to turn
the rods down in the direction of the arrow marked near them in Fig. 28;
said springs are received in a post or plate m¹s rising from the frame kos, and
the downward motion of the rods mº is arrested by the indicators 6* coming in
contact with studs which project from the outer surface of the frames, as
seen in Fig. 2. These studs are in such a position that they retain the
indicators in a horizontal position, and if a setting conveyor passes the indi̟-
'cators while they retain their horizontal position the tails of the indicator
points on said conveyor pass above-the same without coming in contact with
them; but if one or more of the register pins o in the register wheel: are
pressed out, and said register wheel is turned so that the projecting 'pin or
*pins come in contact with one or more of the inclined planes k, as indicated
in Fig. 28, the rods mo are turned in the direction opposite the arrows
'marked near them in Fig. 28, as against the force of the springs and the
indicators are tilted, causing them to assume 'an upwardly inclined
position. If 'a setting conveyor passes the indicators in this position, those of
'the indicator points, the tails of which come in contact with the inclined
'indicators, are turned down, and by these means the set given to the register
pins o° is 'transmitted to the indicator points of the conveyors. For instance,
if to indicate a certain letter or-type, the three lowest in a row of register
pins o³ are pushed out, if the register wheels turns so that this row of register
pins is brought opposite the inclined planes 1 on the inner ends of the
rods mo, all the rods will remain stationary except the three lowest, and the
indicators attached to these rods will be tilted upward.. By these means the
three lowest of the indicator points of the first setting conveyor which-passes

page_text: the indicators will be turned down, and if said conveyor arrives opposite to the
place of the excavated rim which corresponds to the set of its indicator points,
it will fall in and receive a letter from one of the radiating type cases. The
indicators it will be seen are placed just at the entrance of the radiating type
channel so that the indicator points upon the conveyors receive their set
before they reach the types. The whole of this part of the mechanism is so
timed as to bring the indicators into action just before a conveyor approaches it,
and it will be noticed that the tails of the indicator points upon the distributing
conveyors are cut off, so that all the distributing conveyors will pass the
indicators e✶ without receiving a set. The sets of the indicator points on a
setting conveyor pass by the indicators e*, and receive their set while the
register pins o' are under the inclined planes 1. As soon as the register
wheel turns the next stop the register pins in one row clear the inclined
planes and the indicators are allowed to reassume their horizontal position.
The next row of register pins o' now approaches, and another set is given,
and so on continually so long as there is any register pins to act. As soon
as the registering pins have acted they must be pushed in again. This
is accomplished by a bevilled plate $10 standing close to the outer circum-
ference or face of the register wheel, as seen in Fig. 19, and extending
up to the height of the upper circle of pins. As the wheel passes all
projecting pins are pushed in. A similar plate 10*, bevilled in the opposite
direction and situated close to the inner periphery of the register wheel
prevents the pins oº being pushed in any further than desirable.
From
this description it will be seen that for each letter indicated by depressing
one of the keys L the frame advances ono step in the direction opposite to
that in which the carrying wheel moves, and for each sign transmitted by the
register wheel to a setting conveyor said register wheel turns one step in the
same direction in which the carrying wheel moves, and in turning in this
direction it carries the frame back with it. If the compositor stops there-
fore to depress any more keys, or to register any more signs on the register
wheel, the frame will turn with said register wheel until it comes close up
to the partition plate or standard s. At that place the motion of he register
wheel must stop, and in order to effect this automatically a bell crank lever un
is pivotted to the table of the machine in such a position that the end of one
of its arms projects beyond the inner periphery of the register wheel, whereas
its other arm bears on one end of a spring or yielding lever u. The other
end of this spring or yielding lever bears on a pin descending from. the tail of
the pawl u, and a light coiled spring keeps the point of each in contact
with the teeth of the register wheel. If the register wheel has travelled far

page_text: enough to transmit all the signs which it, can transmit, the frame 1º strikes
against the inner radiating arm of the bell crank lever u; and forces the
end of the-yielding lever or spring u off from the register wheel: By this
operation the tail of the pawl u is. forced towards the centre, the pawl is
disengaged from the teeth of the register wheel,,and the motion' of said wheel:
stops. From this arrangement it will be understood that the compositor is
not obliged to continue- to operate the register levers until he has worked
them round to the alarm bell, on the contrary, he composes fast.or slow, and
may work quite irregularly, stopping at frequent intervals to set his lines into
columnis, to space and to justify; as may be required. Thus, while composing he
is working the register levers and-frame along in one direction, contrary to
the motion of the register wheel, but if he works no faster than the register
wheel moves the-levers and frame will remain in about one place, if faster, be
will work the frame round'to the alarm bell, and then- ho must stop, and as
soon as he stops the levers and frame are carried along with the register, wheel.
because they are both connected by the escapement, and if the frame; is
allowed to go clear back to the-stop lever. u, the operation. of setting ceases.
The setting conveyors will merely pass-round empty, but the distributing con-
veyors will, if there be type on the galley W, go on independently. The
number of conveyors on the carrying wheel,: and its speed may, however be.
increased to such an extent that the composer has no time to space and justify,.
and in that case a second person is charged with this part of the work.
The operation of this machine and the mechanism by which motion is
imparted to its different working parts is as follows:-The main shaft S
is to be set in motion by some suitable power, where it will be main-
tained in revolution with the proper and as near as may be uniform speed,
this puts the great type carrying wheel J also in. motion, with all the
various parts connected therewith, and operated as has already been' described.
If a column of "dead matter" has been placed upon the distributing table
properly set up and blocked, distribution will commence by setting the stop 2³
so as to release the lever u as shown in Fig. 4, and to allow this lever to
follow the curve of its cam w³, by means of the pawl lever s³, the ratchet m
will begin to feed up the line of type, provided that has been raised into "the
channel a, if not no action will take place until the raising of the line has
been done by the action of the tilting frame x and o³, as shown in Figures 5,
6, 7, and 8. All the motions are so timed that the moment the first type
presents itself at the distributing box X the latch, y* will be in position to
press said type against the levers, the graduated stop' c* having, just pre-
viously been moved up to the mouth of type channel. At this- moment
C

page_text: the end of the arm u³ (Fig. 4) has ascended the inclined side of its cam w³,
and rests upon the level surface of the same. The type is pressed up against
the levers, and such levers as are not opposite to nicks sink in, the cams
on the shaft continue to rotate in the direction of the arrow marked thereon
in Fig. 9, and by the action of the type on the levers 2³, r', the indicators e
on the ends of the segments w are set according to the nicks in said type.
In this position the levers are held by a hook u* operated by a cam on the
shaft, and at the conclusion of these motions the cam u² has revolved, so
that a feed takes place, the click ³ driving along the line of type, and this in
turn pushing the stop c', until it is arrested by coming in contact with the
shoulders of the heads p' of the lever 2³, while at the same time the latch y
is forced back and made to release the line of type as shown in Fig. 12.
The feed, as has already been mentioned, is performed by a weight or spring,
but before the type is discharged the line is relieved from this by the opposite
curve of the cam acting upon the lever u³, and it rides upon the level surface
of the edge of the cam wheel. The forked ends of the discharging pusher k
now approach the type, striking it at three places, and pushes it off the plat-
form upon which it stood on to a distributing conveyor which has just pre-
viously been caught by the detaining hook y" (see Fig. 9.) As soon as the
discharge is effected the stop c' moves back to its original position, the next
type is pressed up against the levers 2³, and the same operation is repeated.
In order to ensure the proper arrival of a distributing conveyor at the moment
the discharging pusher ' comes into action, the shafts S and T are geared
together by equal wheels o and n, they therefore revolve alike. As the
shaft S propels the type-carrying wheel the movement of the latter must be
so timed as to bring a distributing conveyor into position a little before each
action of the discharge pusher, which takes place twice for each revolution of
the shaft T. On the carrying wheel eighteen distributing conveyors are shown,
(though this number may be varied at pleasure) the revolutions of each wheel
are therefore as one to eighteen of the shaft T. The starting points of the
conveyors being at equal distances apart, and the wheel set so as to bring
that point opposite the detaining hook at the discharge opening when the
pusher is out, the conveyor is always caught in time to receive its type. The
position of the indicators e is such as to effect the set of the indicating points
on the distributing conveyor as it approaches the discharge opening, and
before it is caught by the detaining hook. After a type is received the con-
veyor moves on with the carrying wheel, being returned to its advanced posi-
tion by the tail of the lever u" coming in contact with the stationary stop u²,
and it carries the type firmly held by the spring d", until it has arrived at the
"

page_text: mouth of the proper channel or type case, at which place there is an excava-
tion, or set of excavations in the grooves of the rim ms, corresponding to the
set given to the indicating points at starting, and which represent the letter
or character carried, the conveyor is accordingly permitted to fall in, and its
projection is caught by the detaining hook ', holding it there until the
type is discharged into the case by the pusher d' as previously explained.
The operation of the composing mechanism is as follows:-The com-
positor stands in front of the table of keys L, Fig. 1, the galley M being
at the extreme left, and his copy before him in a convenient position for
reading; the width of the intended column or page is fixed by the guage
plate in the galley, and the length of each line to correspond by the guage f.
The compositor now commences registering the letters by operating upon the
keys, this he may do without any regard to regularity or speed; if he presses
down the keys faster than the carrier wheel delivers the type he records
signs upon the register wheel ahead of this delivery as already described, and
the speed of the carrier wheel may be such that he is able to do this, though
the number of conveyors and the speed of each wheel can be increased, so
the compositor will not be able to register many signs ahead. In con-
tinuous working the frame having the register levers he may be worked round
so as to stand about midway between its two extreme points of motion, as it
will be remembered that the same cannot complete a revolution about the
register wheel. When in this position enough letters will have been recorded
to allow of time to stop and justify the lines by the insertion of the thin
spaces, and make other connections as may be needed, or if these duties are
attended to by a second person, to look after his machine and to take a little
rest. The type will now begin to arrive at the setting channel, and be
regularly deposited therein in the proper order and position. In Fig. 1 a
portion of a column is represented with its top line pressed in by the follower e¹º,
and a new line ready to be cut off by the action of the guage; the sharp
end of this guage passing between the types separates a line of the proper
length for the width of the column. Now is the time to space the letters or
words because it may happen that the guage may strike against a type
instead of meeting the line at. the point dividing two types, which it must
accurately do, in order to make correct width of column; thin spaces
are for this purpose inserted, being taken from the proper case or from one of
the cups M by hand as wanted; this done the guage f1 cuts off the line
at the right length, and it may then be sent in upon the galley. For this
purpose the follower e is moved back, and a channel is formed to receive the

page_text: new line. The compositor "with a bodkin" or thin plate of metal in his
hand drives the line into place, and the column is forced down as before.
The thin spaces or quadrats are introduced in like manner for filling out a
line when a sentence terminates short of the width of the column, or when--
ever such spaces are required. The italic type, numerals, and algebraic signs
are, or may be, introduced into the cases, for it is evident that any type
channel or case may be devoted to type of any character, by giving such typo.
or character an appropriate set of nicks, and corresponding indices in the
excavated rim of such channel as already set forth. In practice however such
odd characters will be kept in the cups M* whence they are brought from
the channel of excess and put into the newly composed matter by hand as
wanted.
The machine may be devoted wholly either to setting or distributing as
the type cases are set upon the bed in sections, and may bo removed for
different ones to be introduced without interfering with any portion of the
operating mechanism. When any machine is devoted therefore exclusively
to either branch it may be arranged to perform an increased amount of work;
it is also obvious that various changes might be made in' the arrangement and
construction of the parts and in the special combinations herein-before
described, without changing at all the general character of the machine. As
for instance, the excavated rim instead of being placed outside the conveyors
might be placed inside, and instead of being provided with slotted excavations
passing through and through it might be made with recesses just deep
enough for the indicator points of the conveyors to sink in far enough to
allow them to open to the required distance to be engaged by the detaining
hooks and y.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st, the conveyors c, d, in combination with the links clo, de, constructed
and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2ndly, giving to the conveyors a direct motion in the direction of the indi-
cator points upon them by means substantially each as herein-described, or
:
other equivalent devices for the purpose set forth.
any
Srdly, the method herein-described of compelling the conveyors after they
have been arrested to overtake and re-assume their original position on the
carrier wheel, consisting of the lever u and stud u as specified.
4thly, the mechanism substantially as set forth consisting of the arm u

page_text: and spring.c in.combination with the lever u" and conveyors c or.d, or any
equivalent thereof, for the purpose of moving said conveyors back at the
proper interval.
5thly, the sectional flange " on the carrying wheel J in combination with
the pin projecting from the edge of the conveyors, applied and operating
substantially as and for the purpose described.
6thly, placing the excavated rim on the outside of the conveyors instead of
on the inside substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7thly, the rail applied in combination with the conveyors c, d, and
sectional excavated rim m, substantially as described, so that free access
can be had to the conveyors, and the labor of making the excavated rim is
deduced.
8thly, the projections 2, k, on the pusher cord k to operate in combi-
nation with the tilting lever s' and spring stops S1, S1, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
9thly, the arrangement of cams & on the under surface of the carrier
wheel J to operate in combination with the levers c, d, and pushers c, d,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified..
10thly, the gripper springs c, d, on the conveyors in combination with
studs us, y³¹, and with suitable mechanism for pushing the types out, constructed
and operating substantially and for the purpose set forth.
11thly, the revolving receiver ³, k', applied in combination with the
carrying wheel J, and conveyors c, d, substantially in the manner herein
specified, so that the conveyors can deposit their type without stopping.
12thly, the type levers ³, with quadrants, in combination with segments
ws, and indicators e, constructed and operating substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
13thly, pressing the type against the type levers instead of the reverse, as
previously done.
14thly, the sliding stop c', in combination with the type levers 23, and with
the channel a', constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose
described.
15thly, the dog ut, or its mechanical equivalent, applied in combination
with the mechanism for transmitting the set of the type levers to the indica-
5 tors in such a manner that the indicators which are not to act on a certain
conveyor are positively held until the conveyor has passed.
16thly, the apron h*, and stud hª¹, in combination with the sliding stop c',
and type lever, applied substantially as herein described for the pur-

page_text: pose of regulating the motion, of said sliding stop, when a "thin space" is
furnished.
17thly, producing the set of the one class of conveyors from the inside,
and that of the other class from the outside, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
18thly, the rods mo, with plates ko, kº¹, on one, and indicators e on the
opposite end, substantially as described, for the purpose of transmitting
the desired set from tho register wheel to the indicator points of the
conveyor.
19thly, the use of an ordinary printer's galley M, in combination with the
type channel f, substantially as herein described, so that when the galley is
full it can be readily removed and replaced by another of the same or of
different lengths.
20thly, the hinged adjustable follower e³, and self-adjusting rod e, in com-
bination with the galley M, and type channel a, constructed and operating
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
21stly, the cups M*, in combination with the galley M, and type
channel a, applied and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JAMES DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)