ments
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec,
1894
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept, 1895-Accepted, 12th Oct.,
1895
Improvements
ANTHONY EPHRAIM NARLIAN of Lipa, in the Kingdom of Italy, Estate
Agent and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In my Patent No 21,193, A.D. 1893, having devised means to use the steam as
a permanent gas, and to avoid the loss of heat, consequent to the condensation of
the same in the steam engine; (latent heat of evaporation) I now apply for
a further Patent, for the unprovements on this system
An apparatus or superheater, consisting in a number of cells or pipes, constructed
of gun metal, steel, or other suitable material to combine strength and conductibility
to heat, is placed between the Boiler of a steam engine, and the engine itself; the
capacity of each cell being about one half of that of the high-pressure cylinder.
The satinated dry steam from the boiler at a low pressure, eay of 60 lbs. ; is
led into the apparatus, which is heated, either by direct fire from a suitable furnace ;
or better; the apparatus is placed in a bath of oily matter, or metallic alloy, having
a determined point of fusion, (about 600 Centigrade, or 1112 F) and which alloy
being kept in a melted condition, will transmit to the cells of the apparatus, a high,
but constant degree of heat.
The point of fusibility of the alloy being as high as possible, consistent with the
capacity of the metal of the apparatus to bear it without getting red hot, or to he
destroyed by (about 600 Centigrade).
The cells of the superheater, filled with dry saturated steam from the boiler,
being closed and isolated; the steam inclosed in them is allowed to be superheated
to a very high pressure; say 360 lbs. and 435 degree F.
At each stroke of the engine, one of the cells of the superheater in rotation, is
opened, first towards the high-piessure cylinder, and the superheated steam allowed
to expand, moving the piston; and next, at the end of the stroke the steam poit
towards the cylinder being closed, the cell is opened towards the boiler, and the
superheated steam still left in the cell after the expansion, turned again into dry
saturated steam at the boiler pressure
Meantime a second and contiguous cell in the superheater being opened towards
the high-pressure cylinder, the piston is brought back on its return struke.
At the end of this second stroke; the second cell is shut up from the cylinder,
and the first cell from the boiler. this latter will now be isolated both from the
engine and the boiler, and the dry saturated steam in it left to superheat, till all
the other cells have gone through their turn; the steam being so left to superheat
for as many strokes, as there are cells in the super heater, less two.
At the thnd stroke, the third cell in the superheater is opened towards tho
high-pressine cylinder, and at the end of the stue, the second coll is shut up from
the Boiler, this second cell being now filled with boiler steam, it is isolated, and
left to superheat till its next turn.
The fourth stroke in the same manner, is made by the superheated steath in the
fourth cell, which is then opened to the high-pressure cylinder, while the thiɩd cell;
now close to the engine, is in cominunication with the boiler.
At the fifth and subsequent strokes, the next cell in the rotation is opened
towards the cylinder during the time of the stroke, while the cell which hins worked

page_text: the last stroke before it, is shut up from the cylinder, and made to open towards
the hoiler, also for the time of a single stroke, and then closed towards the boiler
also, and isolated. All the cells having so performed their work, the rotation is
made to begin agam with the first cell in the superheater.
The number of the cells in the superheating apparatus, are calculated in each
engine, and are dependent on the time necessary to superheat the steam inclosed
in a cell to the desired pressure, say of 360 lbs., before the turn of the cell should
come to work a stroke of the piston
The superheated steam in the high-pressure cylinder is further expanded in the
low-pressure cylinder, the capacity of which is calculated not to allow the steam;
when fully expanded; to fall below the boiler pressure, which 18 supposed to be of
about 60 lbs.
The exhaust of the low-pressure cylinder, is not to the condenser or the air, but
to the boiler itself, where the pressure of the steam is kept a little below than the
pressure of the steam exhausted from the low-pressure cylinder.
The actual expansion of the superheated stemin in the cylinders being, say from
360 lbs. to 60 lbs, and the boilei pressure of 60 lbs becoming a back pressure
on the low-pressure piston Instead as usual, acting to move the high-pressure
piston.
At the same time, at each stroke the boiler being fed with steam from the low-
pressure cylinder, having the same weight, but a higher pressure and temperature
than that of the steam leaving it to fill the cells; the boiler receiving also
additional heat hom the conversion to diy satmated steam, of the superheated
steam still left in the cells after expansion in the high-pressure cylinder, it is
evident, that once the engine bas started working, the boiler need no further
heating, and as the boiler is not made to generate steam during the working of
the engine, but rather to be a reservoir for the steam during that time, its capacity
would be small, and need not be tubular.
The improvements over iny Patent No. 21,193 of 1893 are.
The superheating of the steam in a specially devised cellular apparatus, and not
in the cylinders of the engine
The means of superheating the steam, by immersing the apparatus in a bath of
oily substance or metallic alloy in fusion
The bringing of one cell of the apparatus at a time to work a stroke with its
contents of highly superheated steam, while one other cell is in communication with the
boiler, and all the rest of the cells with boiler steam in them, being left to the
superheating process, during as many strokes of the engine, as there are cells in
the apparatus, less two.
The super heating apparatus being separate and independent both from boiler
and engine, its adaptability to any existing engine, as well as to my patent
engines
Linar this 24th day of December 1894.
ANTHONY EPHRAIM NARLIAN of Lipari, in the Kingdom of Italy, Estate 4
Agent and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement
-
The Fig. is a vertical and longitudinal section of the superheating apparatus.
The Fig 1, is a vertical section of the same superbeater, perpendicular to the 5
former section and passing between the points 1 & 5 of the Fig. 1.

page_text: The Fig III is also a vertical section of the superheato, perpendicular to the
tust section, and passing between the points 9 & 13 of the Fig. I.
In the Fig. 1. the numbers 1 & 5 represent longitudinal sections of the cells of
the superheater, which consist in tubes of aluminium-bronze, gun metal, steel, or
any other metal combining strength with great conductibility to heat, and are
enclosed in a casing 33-34 35-36. These cells at both ends, as at 1 & 9, emerge
through the plates 33-34 and 35-36 of the casing into the chambers B and E
where they end T shaped, and are there fitted with double beat valves as seen in
the figs.
The chamber B is in communication with the boiler through 37, and the
chamber E with the cylinders of the engine through 38.
The size or the capacity of the cells is dependent on the capacity of the cylinders
of the engine, and their number on the number of the revolutions of the same
The cogged wheels at 26 & 40 aic moved by the shaft of the engine and work the
rods 25-26 and 39-40 in the chamber B. These carry cains, which at the
beginning of each stroke of the engine raise one of the valves at 1, 2, 3, etc. in
succession, and keep them so raised during the stroke, they drop them at the end of
the same, putting each cell m succession in communication with the boiler dining
ne stroke, and during one stroke only.
Through a sunlar arrangement the cogged wheels at 30 & 42 are tuined by the
haft, and work the rods 29-30 and 41-42 in the chamber E, which at their turn
working the cams at 21, 22, etc, raise the corresponding valves in succession, and
keep them so raised during one stroke, thus putting each cell in succession in
communication with the cylinders of the engine during that stroke.
The cams in the chamber E working the valves corresponding to the cylinders
are ahead in then work by one stroke over the cams in the chamber B working the
valves corresponding to the boiler, so that while the valve 1 of the first cell is raised
m the chamber B, it is the valve 10 of the second cell which is raised in the
chamber E. The result of the arrangement is that while the first cell is in
communication with the boiler during one stroke, the second cell is in communication
with the cylinders by the same time, and while at the next stroke the second cell 18
in communication with the boiler, it is the third cell which is in cominunication with
the cylinders and the engine, and so forth, until all the cells are alternately in
communication first with the cylinders and next with the boiler To this effect, the
toothed wheels are calculated to make one single turn of the 1ods 25-26, 39-40,
29-30, and 41-42, and of the cams in as many strokes of the engine as are cells
In the superheater.
The casing 33-34-35-36 Fig. 1. in which the cells are placed being filled with
an oily substance boiling at a very high temperature, or even with a metallic alloy
of which the point of fusion should be about 500-600 F., heat is applied to the
superheating apparatus by a suitable furnace to raise this substance to its boiling
oi fusion point, as the case may be.
Now the steam being led from the boiler diect into the engine, this will begin to
work the shaft in the ordinary way, and in doing so, work also the cams and open
the valves 1, 2, 3, etc at each stroke in succession, and put the cells in cominunication
with the boiler through the chamber B and the steam pipe 37
When the engine will have made as many strokes as there are cells in the
superheater, these will all be filled with dry saturated steam from the boiler, which
1s supposed to be working at about 60 lbs. pressure, and as each cell will not be
open to the boiler more than during one stroke of the engine; during the succeeding
strokes, while the other cells are being so filled in succession, each cell aheady
filled with dry saturated steam will be closed and isolated both from the boiler and
the engine, and left to the superheating action of the boiling ody substance or the
alloy in fusion.
The time by which each cell after being hlled with dry saturated steam will be
left to the superheating process to the apparatus, will be measured by as many
strokes as are colle in the superheater, less two.

page_text: At this point (the engine having made is many strokes as are cells in the
superheater) the steam from the boiler direct to the cylinders will be cut off, and
the superheated steam from the cells will work the engine.,
At each stroke, one of these will be opened to the chamber E in communication
with the engine, and move the piston by one stroke.
The number of the cells are calculated so, is to give time for each cell to be left
th the superhdating process long enough to allow the inclosed steam to superlent to
a very high pressure; say to hbout thenty-five atmospheric pressures; before the
turn of the cell should come to work a stroke.
The capacity of the cylinders on the other hand are such, that taking into account
that of the cell, and of the chamber E (which is made as small as possible) and of
the passages leading to the engine, the pressure of the highly superheated steam at
the end of the stroke should not fall in the low pressure oylinder below the pressure
in the boiler, o say 60 lbs. so that the exhaust of the low pressure cylinder being
opened to the boiler, and not to the condenser, the steath from it should run to the
boiler itself.
From this arrangenient it will be seen, that the dry saturated steam from the
boiler at a comparatively low pressure will first enter into the cells in the superhcater,
where it will be superheated to a very high degree of pressure, and then each cell
in turn will work one stroke by this superheated steam, which expanding in the
cylinders will still have a pressure superior to that of the steam in the boiler, and
where it will return from the low pressure oflinder
When all the cells have in turn performed one stroke cach, the operation will
be repeated over and over again, causing a contiquons motion of the engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of iny said inven-
tion, dat he the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The circulating of the steam from the boiler into the engine and Bhok to the
boiler, without allowing the steam, once formed in the boiler, to pass from steam
into water, and from water into steam again.
2. To this effect, the receiving in a superheater a portion of the try saturated
steam of the boiler sufficient to perform one stroke of the engine, the superheating
of this steam in a vessel or cell to a very high degree of pressure, and then the
leading bf, the steam so superheated into the engine to perform a stroke; without
however allowing it in expanding there to fall below the boiler pressure, and theb
allowing the steam so expanded to return to the boiler through the exhaust
3. The arranging thany cells in the superheater to supply the engine with such
highly superheated steam at each successive stroke.
4. The superheating of the steam in a bath, either of oily substance, or of an
alloj in fusion, to secure uniformity of pressure to the super heated steam.
Dated this 7th day of September 1895.