IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING WALLS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING WALLS."
Sealed the 26th November 1875, and dated the 9th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th June 1875.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING WALLS," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object to facilitate and cheapen the building
of a strong and durable wall for whatever purpose desired.
As means to effect the above object I employ boxes or frames, pre-
ferably of concrete, open at bottom and top; place such frames one on

page_text: top of the other, so as to break joint, and fill the interior of such boxes
or frames with sand or other loose substance preferably containing large
stones or other articles capable of projecting from one box to the other,
so as to wedge the whole together.
The stones or the sand may be used separately. When sand is used I
sometimes mix it with a little cement. These walls may and are intended
to be built without mortar. The shape of the boxes or frames may be
varied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Carrington Sellars, Her special
licence that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Carrington
Sellars, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING WALLS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object to facilitate and cheapen the building
a strong and durable wall for whatever purpose desired.
As means to effect the above object I employ boxes or frames, pre-
ferably of concrete, open at bottom and top; place such frames one on
top of the other, so as to break joint, and fill the interior of such boxes
or frames with sand or other loose substance preferably containing large
stones or other articles capable of projecting from one box to the other,
so as to wedge the whole together.
The stones or the sand may be used separately. When sand is used I
sometimes mix it with a little cement. These walls may and are intended
to be built without mortar.
That my said Invention may more readily be understood in detail I
have appended hereto a Sheet of illustrative Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view, showing part of a wall constructed
under my Invention. a are hollow concrete, artificial stone, clay, or
other boxes or frames, open at bottom and top, and placed one over the
other, so as to break joint; b are stones projecting from one box or
frame to another, so as to bind the whole together. To keep the said
stones in position, sand, gravel, or like filling with or without cement,
lime, or other binding agent is placed with the said stones in the boxes
or frames. The said stones may sometimes be dispensed with, and gravel,
sand, or the like afore-mentioned filling only employed.
Fig. 2 shows a modification of hollow box or frame to be used in
place of Fig. 1; the projections and hollows d at the ends interlock and
assist the filling in, binding the whole together.
Fig. 3 is a further modification, with fluted ends; the spaces e are left
when the boxes or frames are connected to be filled, if desired, with
cementing material.

page_text: I claim as my Invention, building walls substantially in the manner
herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS. (L.S.)
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Clayton Square,
Liverpool,
Witness.