IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING, BREAKING, AND PULVERIZING HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Rowland Marsden, of Leeds, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING, BREAKING, AND PULVERIZING HARD AND
BRITTLE SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 21st September 1875, and dated the 31st July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Rowland
Marsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st July 1875.
I, HENRY ROWLAND MARSDEN, of Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING, BREAKING, AND PULVERIZING HARD
AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, 1stly, to improvements in the jaws of stone
breaking machines, now well known in this country as Blake's stone
breaking machines, in which the stone is broken or reduced by the
action of one inclined jaw working against another.

page_text: According to this Invention I make the jaw with teeth or corrugations
point to point for the entne length of the jaw, the two jaws being
angled vertically, such angles extending from the top to the bottom of
the jaws or for any portion thereof, the object of this angling being to
obtain a paralleling and sizing action of the jaws, whilst by this
construction several successive wearing parts are provided and the jaws
thereby will have a longer life than those hitherto used. Jaws con-
structed according to this Invention must necessarily be extended in
length.
My further improvements relate to apparatus for crushing, or pul-
velizing ores, stones, minerals, or other haid substances of a like naturo.
In some cases the stones or other materials are first reduced by means
of the apparatus before described and then passed from the stone
breaker into a cylinder, where the pulverizing operation takes this place
This cylinder may be constructed of a series of square bars set together
with end plates, spaces being left between the bars according to tho
fineness to which the material is required to be reduced
The interior of
this cylinder is fitted with a series of balls or 1ollers, and being put into
motion the material is by the action of the balls or rollers reduced, and
passes through the interstices between the component parts of the
cylinder. The cylinder may be divided into sections by division plates,
such plates having interstices through which the material which has not
passed out from the first section of the cylinder passes through to the
other sections until it is sufficiently reduced to escape through the spaces
left between the bars of which the cylinder is composed.
When it is desired to use this apparatus not in conjunction with the
breaking machine the cylinder may be set on a square or in a frame or
support on which the cylinder has its bearings The material to be
pulverized is placed or fed into a trough at one end of the cylinder, and
the cylinder being put into motion takes up the material from the trough
by means of scoops or spouts attached to the cylinder The quantities
desired thus being self-feeding the interior of thus cylinder is fitted with
balls or rollers, as before described, the quantity and size of such rollers
or balls being iegulated by the hardness or toughness of the material to
be pulverized.
In some cases, when it is desired to reduce the material to the finest
powder, the cylinder is made without cavities in its circumference, and
is fitted with an exhaust fan connected with the delivery end of the

page_text: cylinder, whereby the material, when sufficiently reduced, is drawn into
bags or other receptacles as required The interior casing of the
cylinder is provided with a series of cavities or pockets which will retain
the material until by the revolution of the cylinder the material is
again caused to drop from the cavities or pockets and so oxposed to the
action of the crushing rollers or balls, and also to the action of the
draught caused by the fan.
When the cylinders are made of square bars or with cavitics the
cylinder may be covered with wire netting of any desired size of mesh
so as to prevent the escape of the material until it is sufficiently fine for
purposes desired.
the
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by Sarah Marsden,
of Leeds, in the County of York, Widow, Administratrix of the
personal estate of Ileury Rowland Marsden, of Leeds aforesaid,
deceased, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th February
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SARAH
MARSDEN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Widow, Administratrix of
the personal estate of Henry Rowland Marsden, of Leeds aforesaid,
deceased, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the 39th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto the said Henry Rowland Marsden, Her special license
that the said Henry Rowland Marsden, his executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as he, the said Henry Rowland Marsden, his
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and .
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING, BREAKING, AND

page_text: PULVERIZING HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that the said Henry Rowland Marsden, his executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal,
or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
And whereas the said Henry Rowland Marsden departed this life on
or about the 19th day of January, 1876, having first made his last will ]
and testament in writing dated the 4th day of June, 1869, and thereby
appointed Robert Broadbent and William Edward Kenworthy hus
exccutors.
And whereas the said Robert Broadbent and William Edward
Kenworthy renounced probate of the said will, and on the 10th day
of February, 1870, Letters of Administration with the said will annexed
of the personal estate of the said Henry Rowland Marsden were
granted by Her Majesty's High Court of Justice, Wakefield Registry,
to me, the above named Sarah Marsden, widow, the iclict of the said
deceased and the residuary legatec for life named in the said will.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sarah Marsden, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The said Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the jaws of
stone breaking machines, now well known in this country as Blake's
stone breaking machines, in which the stone is broken or reduced by the
action of two moveable jaws, or of a moveable jaw working against a
stationary jaw.
According to this Invention the jaws are made with teeth or
corrugations arranged in such a manner that the apices or points of the
teeth of one jaw work opposite those of the teeth of the other jaw. The
two jaws are angled vertically, that is to say, the continuity of the teeth
is broken or the direction thereof diverted at intervals from the top to
the bottom of the jaws, or for any portion thereof, the object of such

page_text: anghing being to obtain a paralleling and sizing action of the jaws The
jaws which are provided with removeable faces in the well-known
manner are constructed with several successive wearing parts, wheroby
the jaws will be rendered more durable than those hitherto used.
The
anging being to obtain a paramenng and sizing action of the jaws
jaws which are provided with removeable faces in the well-known
manner are constructed with several successive wearing parts, wheroby
the jaws will be rendered more durable than those hitherto used.
The Invention relates, secondly, to apparatus for crushing or
pulverizing orcs, stones, minerals, or other hard substances of a liko
nature.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the stones or other
substances are in some cases first reduced by means of the apparatus
before described or by other suitable means, and are then fed auto-
matically or otherwise into a cylinder wherein the pulverizing operation
takes place This cylinder, which is carried in bearings in a suitable
frame or support, may be constructed of a series of square or other
suitable shaped bars connected together by end plates, spaces being left
between the bars according to the degree of fineness to which the sub-
stance is required to be reduced. In the interior of this cylinder one or
more balls or rollers are placed, which upon being put into motion by
the rotation of the cylinder reduce the substance, which then passes
through the interstices between the component parts of the cylinder, or
is exhausted therefrom by means of a fan or exhauster as hercin-after
described. The cylinder may be divided into sections by division plates
having openings therein, through which the substance which has not
been sufficiently reduced to admit of its passing between the bars in the
first section of the cylinder is conducted to the other sections until it is
1educed to the requisite fine state of division to escape through the
spaces left between the bars of which the cylinder is composed.
In operating with this apparatus the substance to be pulverized is
placed or fed into a trough arranged at one end of the cylinder, and the
latter which is provided with scoops or spouts being put into motion
takes up the substance from the trough, and conducts the same into its
interior, where it is reduced or pulverized by the action of the balls or
rollers as before described.
In some cases when it is desired to reduce the substance to a very fine
powder the cylinder is made without interstices in its circumference
for the passage of the pulverized substance, and is fitted with an exhaust
fan connected with the delivery end of the cylinder, wheroby the

page_text: substance when sufficiently reduced is drawn into bags or other
receptacles as required
The casing of the cylinder, when arranged according to either of the
before-mentioned modifications, may be provided on its interior with a
series of cavities or pockets, which as the cylinder revolves clevate the
substance which is not sufficiently reduced until by the continued
revolution of the cylinder it is caused to fall from the cavities or pockets
and be again subjected to the action of the crushing rollers or balls, and
also to the action of the draught caused by the fan When the cylinder
is constructed with spaces or interstices in its periphery for the passage
of the pulverized substance, it may be covered or surrounded with wire
netting of any desired size of mesh, so as to prevent the escape of the
substance until it is reduced to a sufficiently fine state of division for the
purpose desired, the insufficiently crushed substance being again con-
veyed into the interior of the cylinder by scoops or spouts similar to
those on the opposite end of the cylinder.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed 2 Sheets of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in
all the corresponding Figures
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the Drawings is a longitudinal vertical section of
a portion of a stone breaking machine, with one modification of my
improved construction of jaws applied thereto, and Figure 2 is a corre-
sponding plan of the same The remaining Figures on this Sheet of
Drawings illustrate other modifications which will be herein-after
referred to.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal vertical section illustrating onc
arrangement of the improved apparatus for crushung or pulverizing ore,
stones, minerals, and other hard substances, Figure 2 is a transverse
section of the same taken along the line 1, 2, in Figure 1, aud Figure 3
is a similar section taken along the line 3, 4, in Figure 1
Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal vertical section of a slightly
modified arrangement of apparatus intended for pulverizing or reducing
hard substances to a very fine state of division, Figure 5 is a corrc-
sponding plan of the same; Figure 6 is a transverse section of the

page_text: cylinder taken along the line 5, 6, and Figure 7 is a similar section
taken along the line 7, 8, in Figure 4.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, A represents a portion of the
framing of a stone breaking machine provided at the upper part with
bearings B, B, in which the crank shaft O rotates. This shaft carrics
the connecting rod D which imparts motion through the toggles E to
the moveable jaw F, one only of which is shown in the Drawings, G is
a stationary jaw hold firmly in position in the framing A by means of
wedges II, H; and F¹ is the removeable face of the moveable jaw F,
the stones or other substances to be broken or reduced being fed or
introduced between the removeable face F and the stationary jaw G in
the usual manner. The face F¹ and the Jaw G arc each formed with
projecting teeth a, a, which according to this Invention are arranged in
such a manner as that the points or apices of the teeth of one jaw
work opposito those of the other jaw, as will be clearly scen upon
reference to Figure 2 At a suitable distance from the bottom of the
working faces of the jaws the teeth a, a, arc discontinued, a portion
thereof being cut away, as shown at b, b, and on that portion of the
faces below the termination of the teeth a are arranged a series of short
teeth c, c, extending upwards from the bottom of the faces to the point
at which the teeth a terminate, the points or apices of the short teeth c, c,
of the two jaws being arranged to work opposite cach other in a similar
manner to the teeth a, a, but in a line midway between the points or
apices of the latter.
These Figures also illustrate that part of the Invention which relates to
the construction of jaws with multiple successive wearing parts In
carrying out this part of the Invention the upper portion of the working
face of cach jaw is formed with short teeth c¹ corresponding to the teeth
c provided on the bottom of the face as herein-before described, and the
working faces arc further made reversible, the opposite sides to those
which form the present working surfaces being provided with teeth
a', c, c, corresponding respectively to the teeth a, c, c', herein-before
referred to, whereby four wearing parts are obtained, so that when one
part becomes worn another wearing part may be brought into action by
reversing the face so as to bring the upper end to the bottom or the
back to the front as required.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the working faces of a pair of jaws
of a slightly modified construction, Figure 4 is a horizontal section of

page_text: the same taken along the line 9, 10; Figure 3 and Figure 5 is a front
elevation of one of the working faces. F' and G represent respectively
the removeable face of the moveable jaw F and the stationary jaw, the
apices or points of the teeth a, a, thereof being arranged to work opposite
each other in a manner similar to that described with reference to E
Figures 1 and 2, but in lieu of forming the angling or divergence of
the teeth a at the extremity only of the face portions of the teeth are
cut away at several parts of their length, as shewn at b, b, and short
teeth c, c, are formed midway between the tecth a, a, at the parts where
the continuity is broken, as in the arrangement first herein-before 1
described. The lower portions of the apices or points of the teeth a, a,
and the short teeth c, c, of the faces F and G are arranged parallel with
each other either in a straight line, as shewn in Figure 3, or in a zig-zag
direction, as shewn in Figure 6.
It is sometimes preferred to construct the faces in such a manner that 1
the apices or points of a portion of the teeth of one face at any part
thereof (by proference at the bottom) shall be opposite to and work in
the space or furrow between the teeth of the opposite face, as illustrated
in Figures 7, 8, and 9, Sheet 1 of the Drawings, in which Figures arc
shown additional short tecth ct, c', formed on the lower part of the
face F and arranged to work in the space or furrow between the teeth
a, a, of the jaw G. The arrangement of the teeth may however be
varied, that is to say, the teeth c', c', may be formed on cither face
and at any desired part thereof.
A further modification is illustrated in the vertical section and two
front clevations Figures 10, 11, and 12, respectively, in which the jaw G
is shown as constructed with a plain part or flat surface d, against
which work the tecth c of the opposite face F¹ of the jaw F. The
converse of this arrangement may however be adopted, the flat surface d
being formed on the face F¹ in licu of on the jaw G.
By means of the arrangements herein-before described not only is the
number of acting surfaces increased and the durability of the jaws
proportionally augmented, but their cubing action is rendered more
efficient than when the jaws are constructed in the ordinary manner.
The second part of the Invention is illustrated on Sheet 2 of the
Drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3, of which represent one arrangement of
the improved apparatus for crushing or pulverizing ores, stones, minerals,
and other hard substances.

page_text: A is a rotatory cylinder or drum into which the substance to be
crushed or pulverized is introduced This cylinder is composed of metal
bars B, B, and B', B', connected together by ends C, C', and bolts or
tic rods D and nuts E, the bars B, B, B¹, B', being arranged at suitable
distances apart according to the degree of fineness to which the substance
to be operated upon is to be reduced, whilst the ends C, C', are provided
respectively with Journals F, F¹, working in bearings G in the frame H,.
so as to admit of the rotation of the cylinder. The rotatory motion is
imparted by means of a pinion carried on the shaft I and gearing with.
the spur wheel K keyed on the journal F, and as the cylinder rotates
the substance to be pulverized or reduced is conducted from a hopper or
trough L (into which it has been introduced) into the interior of the
cylinder by means of the spout or hollow journal F formed with a spiral
thread a on its interior. In order to facilitate the introduction of the
substance the spout F is caused to project into the trough I, and is pro-
through which the substance passes into the
interior, whence it is propelled by the rotation of the spiral thread a into
the cylinder A. In the interior of the cylinder A. there is placed a metal
roller M which is caused to rotate by the revolution of the former, and
the substance as it is fed into the cylinder passes between the roller M
and the interior surface of the bars B, B, B', B', and is thereby reduced
or pulverized. The bars B', B', are provided with pockets or recesses
c, c, into which the insufficiently reduced substance enters, and whence
it is carried by the rotation of the cylinder to the opposite side of the
roller until it is reduced to a sufficiently fine state of division to admit
of its passing through the interstices or spaces between the bars B, B².
vided with an opening
The cylinder is sometimes divided into sections or compartments by
fitting therein division plates, as shown by red lines in Figure 1, openings
being provided in such division plates for the passage of those portions
of the substance which require to be further reduced from one section
or compartment to the others Each section is provided with a crushing
roller or balls, so that the substance which has not been sufficiently
reduced in one section may be acted upon in the next section, and so on
in succession until it is reduced to the requisite fine state of division to
admit of its passing through the interstices of spaces between the
bars B, B'.
If the material
P

page_text: the cylinder is enclosed in an outer casing N composed of wire netting
or other suitable reficulated or perforated material having meshes or
perforations suited to the degree of fineness required. This casing
receives the whole of the reduced substance from the cylinder A, the
finer portion of which substance then passes through the meshes or
perforations of the casing, whilst the remaining portions which are
insufficiently reduced are again conducted into the interior of the
cylinder A. by means of curved arms d, d, formed in the end C¹ to be
further subjected to the action of the crushing roller M, the operation
being repeated until the substance is sufficiently pulverized or reduced
to pass through the meshes or perforations in the casing N.
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 (Sheet 2) illustrate a modification of the
apparatus lastly herein-before described adapted to the pulverization or
In these
reduction of substances to a very fine state of division
Figures A represents the rotatory cylinder, which may be made either
of wrought iron, as shown in Figure 4, or of cast iron, as shewn in
Figure 6, as found desirable. This cylinder is fitted with ends B, B¹,
provided with journals C, O¹, working in bearings D carried on the
framing E of the machine
On the journal C there is keyed a spur
wheel geaning with a pinion G fast on the longitudinal shaft I, which
latier also carries a fly wheel I and a driving pulley K, whereby motion
is transmitted to the cylinder A from a steam engine or other suitable
Into this cylinder the substance to be pulverized or
prime mover
reduced is conducted from the feeding trough L by scoops or spouts M
fitted to or formed on the hollow neck N of the end B of the cylinder,
such neck being provided with openings a, through which the substance
passes to the interior of the cylinder A.
The pulverization of the substance so introduced is effected by means
of rollers O, O, placed in the cylinder, and which, as the latter rotates,
are caused to roll over its intenor surface and crush or reduce the
substance under operation between them and the interior of the cylinder.
The cylinder is provided on its interior with pockets or recesses b, b,
which clevate the substance in order to subject it to the action of the
rollers until it is sufficiently pulverized or reduced, when it is drawn or
exhausted from the cylinder by means of a fan or exhauster P fitted to
the hollow journal C'. This fan, which is rotated by means of a diving
strap passing round the fly wheel I and the driving pulley Q keyed on

page_text: Fourthly. The dividing the reducing cylinder into sections or com-
partments for the purpose of facilitating the complete reduction of the
substances under treatment by subjecting the same to the action of
rollers or balls in the several sections or compartments in succession,
substantially as hercin-before described.
Fifthly. Providing pockets or recesses in the interior of the reducing
cylinder for the purpose of causing the insufficiency pulverized or
reduced substance to be again subjected to the action of the crushing
rollers or balls, substantially in the manner herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sarah Marsden, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.