IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES OR KITCHENERS to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
I, CHARLES LAWRENCE, Manufacturer, of Insurance Chambers, High Street,
Southampton, in the County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF
COOKING RANGES OR KITCHENERS to be as follows:-
"
•
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to the con-
struction of cooking ranges or kitcheners, the especial objects of the improvements
being to provide means of ventilating the range carrying off the fumes arising from
various parts thereof and from the various operations of cooking and to attain
other advantages hereinafter more particularly referred to.
According to the present improvements the register or top plate of the range, is
made and fitted in such a manner as to cause all the fumes gases or unpleasant
odours which arise from various parts of the range to be led to the back and
highest part of the register whence there are facilities provided for their ready.
escape. I prefer to attain this concentration and escape of such gases by the
application of the following improvements or of their respective equivalents.
I form the register or top plate with a channel open towards the hot plate, and
I fit the plate thus formed in an inclined position at the top of the range with the
channel at the rear and bighest point so that all the gases which arise will be
concentrated into this channel or its equivalent.
From one or more parts of the channel preferably about the centre I lead a
conical or other shaped upcast shaft which is open at the bottom, and from other
parts of the inclined register I lead other upcast shafts, and the lower openings of
these latter upcast shafts I fit with removable ventilators which are preferably of a
conical formation closed at the base, fitted with perforated metal sides, and open
into the said upcast shafts.
.
Each of these upcast shafts may be provided with a separate ventilator above
the register plate, or by branch pipes the said upcast shafts may be led into the
central or into a common shaft which may be provided with a ventilator common
to all the shafts.
The form of ventilator I prefer to use for this purpose, is that described in the
Specification of Letters Patent No 746. A.D. 1882. granted to Thomas Fitz-Gerald
Wintour, with reference to Fig 6 of the drawings annexed to such Specification;

page_text: but I may use other ventilators of any equivalent formation or in which there are
flaps or valves or equivalent means provided for preventing any down draught.
In the flues leading from the oven or ovens, fire place, and other parts of the
range, I also fit in addition to or in lieu of the ordinary cleaning doors, removable
ventilators preferably of the conical formation herein before referred to, but they
may be of other formations provided with perforated' sides so as to have an
efficient side ventilating action, and these ventilators I provide with light loosely
hanging flaps to prevent any return or down draught. This provision is most
advantageous in effecting a very considerable economy of fuel, as by increasing the
draught above the usual dampers it allows of them being more nearly closed, and
the heat is more fully utilized and is drawn more effectually round and about the
parts of the range to be heated.
'
From the upper part of each oven I lead a ventilating pipe through the register
or top plate and into one or other of the said upcast ventilating shafts preferably
into the one rising from the ventilating channel of the register plate, and I provide
each of these ventilating pipes with a stop-cock so that I can adjust the draught
from the oven as I may require. And into the lower part of each oven I lead a
steam pipe, which, in ranges having low pressure boilers, may be led direct from
the boiler, and in ranges having high pressure boilers, may be led from a removable
boiler which may be fitted into one of the usual openings in the hot plate, and may
be also utilized for heating a cooking pot, the connection, therefrom to the pipe
leading into the boiler being provided with a stop-cock to shut off the supply of
steam when required.. The top opening of the steain pipe leading into the oven
may be closed by a plug when the boiler is removed. And at the lower part of the
oven door I fit a small, slide covering an opening over which, on the inside of the
oven door there is fitted a perforated screen. The special utility of this provision
is that.in addition to being enabled to efficiently ventilate the oven by the with
drawal of all the vapors arising from the food or different materials being cooked
on the different slides trays or ledges, I am enabled to prevent the proper juices of
the meat or food from being driven off by the heat necessary to cook the meat,
and to neutralize the deleterious effect of the vapours which arise, by introducing
into the oven steam or air alone or in such relativé proportions as may be found
most desirable, and the steam and air ascending through the perforated trays upon
which the food rests are concentrated with the said vapors in a ventilating
channel at the rear and top of the oven whence they are withdrawn by the action
of the ventilators above the register plate.
'+
To aid the draught from the ventilating channel of the register in cases where it
may be necessary, and to illuminate the open part of the range, a gas jet may be
placed immediately under the central upcast shaft.
The present improvements may be applied with very considerable advantage to
many existing forms of cooking ranges kitcheners or stoves at small cost.
Among the principal advantages attendant upon the adoption of the
present
improvements may be mentioned: there is a saving effected of about 40 per cent
in the fuel necessary to be used, and a more advantageous cooking effect obtained
with the smaller consumption of fuel, the food is easier more cleanly and better
cooked, and is more wholesome and digestible; and the range and the room in
which it is situated are effectually ventilated and all unpleasant odours are
carried off.

page_text: I, CHARLES LAWRENCE, Manufacturer, of Insurance Chambers, High Street,
Southampton, in the County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF
COOKING RANGES OR KITCHENERS" and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to the con-
struction of cooking ranges or kitcheners (hereinafter referred to for 'conciseness
of description simply as "kitcheners"), the especial objects of the improvements
being to provide means of ventilating and carrying off the fumes arising from
various parts of kitcheners, and from the various operations of cooking, and to
attain other advantages hereinafter more particularly referred to.
On the accompanying drawings, Fig; 1 represents in front elevation, the right
hand half being shown partly in section, a kitchener constructed in accordance with
the present improvements. Fig; 2, represents a plan view thereof. Fig; 3 a plan
view of the hot plate, and Fig; 4, a vertical transverse section through one oven.
According to the present Invention, the register or top plate, 1, of the kitchener
is made and fitted in such a manner as to cause all the fumes gases or unpleasant
odours or vapors which arise from various parts of the kitchener to be led to the
back and highest part of the said top plate, where there are facilities provided for
their ready escape.
In a preferable modification of attaining this concentration and facilitating the
escape of such gases, the register or top plate, 1, is formed with a channel, 2, open
towards the hot plate, 3, as most clearly seen in Fig; 4, and the top plate thus
formed is fitted in an inclined position, with the channel, 2, at the rear and highest
part, as also best seen in this Figure, so that all the gases and fumes which may
arise from any part of the kitchener, and from any of the cooking pots will be
concentrated into this upper channel. In lieu of this open channel,-other equivalent
means of attaining the same result may be used such as a tube open at its ends or
at any intermediate part or parts.
From one or more parts of the channel, 2, or its equivalent, preferably about the
centre or highest part thereof if inclined longitudinally, there rises an upcast shaft, 4,
which is preferably of a conical or other suitable shape permitting of an open
mouthed entrance at the bottom; and from other parts of the inclined surfaces of
the top plate, there rise other similar up-cast shafts, 5, the lower openings of which
are fitted with removable ventilators, 6, which are preferably made of a conical or
other analogous formation increasing in diameter or size, and open into the said
upcast shafts, 5.
The forms of ventilators I prefer to use for this purpose, (though not in anyway
confining myself to the use of such particular shapes,) are those which are closed at
the base or end, and are fitted with perforated metal sides, such as those described
in the Specification of Letters Patent No 746. A.D. 1882 granted to Thomas
FitzGerald Wintour, especially with reference to Fig; 3, of the drawings annexed
to such Specification, and those of different formation but constructed upon the
same principle described in the Specification of Letters Patent No 10,393, A.D. 1884.
and for which Provisional Protection has been granted to the said Thomas FitzGerald
Wintour and myself.
Each of the upcast shafts, 4, 5, is either provided with a separate outlet ven-
tilator, 7 above the plate 1, as illustrated on the left: hand side of Fig; 1, or by
means of branch pipes 8, the several upcast shafts, 5, 4, are led into cominunication
...
*

page_text: as a common upcast, which, as illustrated in the right hand half of Fig; 1, is
provided with a similar but larger ventilator, 7×, common as an outlet to all the
upcasts 5, 4.
The form of ventilator I prefer to use for this purpose is that, described in the
aforesaid Specification of Letters Patent No 746 A.D. 1882. with reference to Fig; 6,
of the drawings annexed to such Specification; but I may use other ventilators of
any equivalent formation or in which there are flaps or valves or equivalent means
provided for preventing any down draught. :
In the flues; 9, leading from the ovens, 10, fire place, 11, and other parts (if any)
of the kitchener, I also fit in addition to or in lieu of the ordinary cleaning doors; y,
removable ventilators, 12, preferably of the formation described in the aforesaid
Specification of Letters Patent No 746 A.D. 1882. with reference to Fig; 4:of the
drawings annexed to such Specification, or such as those hereinbefore referred to as
applied to the inclined top plate, 1; but they also may be of other formations
provided with outer closed ends and with perforated metal sides so as to have an
efficient side or lateral ventilating action, and these ventilators where they open into
the flues are provided with light loosely lianging flaps, 13, to prevent any return or
down draught. This provision is most advantageous in effecting a very considerable
economy of fuel, as by increasing the draught above the usual dampers, 14, it allows
of them being more nearly closed, and the heat is more fully utilized, and is drawn
more effectually round and about the parts of the kitchener desired to be heated.
From the upper part of each oven, 10, there rises à ventilating pipe 15, passing
through the register or top plate, 1, and into one or other of the said upcast
ventilating shafts 4, 5, preferably into the one, 4, rising from the ventilating
channel, 2, of the register plate, and each of these ventilating pipes, 15, is provided
with a stop cock, 16, so that the drauglit from the oven can be adjusted as may be
required, and into the lower part of each oven there is led a steam pipe 17; which
in kitcheners having low pressure boilers may be led direct from the boiler vide X
Fig; 3, and provided with a suitable stop cock in some conveniently accessible
part of its length, and in kitcheners having high pressure boilers, (as, 18,) may be,
when.desired, placed in communication with a removable boiler, 19, by means of
piping 20, leading therefrom, and which boiler may be fitted into one of the usual
openings, 21, in the hot plate, and may also be used for heating a cooking pot, the
connection therefroin to the pipe, 17, being provided with a stop cock, 22, to shut
off the supply of steam to the oven when not required. When such auxiliary
boiler 19, is removed, the top opening, 23, of the steam pipe, 17, leading into the
oven may be closed by a plug, 24. At the lower part of the oven door, 25, there
is fitted a small slide, 26, covering an opening, 27, over which on the inside of the
door there is fitted a perforated screen, 28.
The application to the oven or ovens of the improvements hereinbefore described
allows of the oven being efficiently ventilated by the withdrawal of all the vapors
arising from the food or different materials being cooked on the different ledges
trays or slides, 29, and enables me to prevent the proper juices of the meat or food
from being driven off by the heat necessary to cook the meat, and to neutralize
the deleterious effect of the vapors which arise, by introducing into the oven
steam or air alone or in such relative proportions as may be found most desirable,
and the steam and air ascending through the perforated trays, 29, upon which the
food rests are concentrated with the said vapors in a ventilating channel, 30, at the
the rear and highest part of the oven, and whence they are withdrawn through
the pipes, 15, by the action of the ventilators; 7, above the register plate.
To aid the draught from the ventilating channel, 2, of the register, in cases where
it may be necessary, and to illuminate the open part of the kitchener, a gas jet, 31,
may be placed immédiately under the central upcast shaft.
The present improvements may be applied with very considerable advantage to
many existing forms of kitcheners at small cost.
L
Among the principal advantages attendant upon the adoption of the present
improvements may be mentioned'; there is a saving effected of about 40% in the

page_text: fuel necessary to be used, and a more advantageous cooking effect is obtained with
the smaller consumption of fuel, the food is easier, more cleanly, and better cooked,
and is more wholesome and digestible, and the kitchener is effectively ventilated,
and the room in which it is situated freed from all unpleasant odours arising
therefrom.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-―
The herein before described improvements in or applicable to the construction
of cooking ranges or kitcheners, and the application thereof separately so far as
applicable or in any desired combination, such improvements consisting in ;-
1. The formation of the top plate or register with an open channel or its
equivalent, and in the arrangement of the plate thus formed in an inclined
position in relation to the hot plate, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before set forth.
2. The combination with a top plate thus formed and arranged, of upcast shafts
leading from the said open channel and from the inclined surface of the top plate,
such latter upcast shafts being provided with removable ventilators of the nature
herein before indicated, and the shafts being also provided with one or more outlet
ventilators also of the nature indicated.
3. The application to the various flues of kitcheners in addition to or in lieu of
the ordinary cleaning doors, of removable ventilators of the nature hereinbefore
referred to.
And 4. The application to each oven, of a ventilating channel at the upper part
of the oven, and of a ventilating pipe under control and leading therefrom into
communication with one of the said upcast shafts, both separately and in com-
bination with a steam pipe, and perforated air ventilator, both entering at the
lower part of the oven.
1004