IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Nock of Hasskeni on the Golden Horn in the
Empire of Turkey Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Nock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1881.
JOHN NOCK of Hasskeni on the Golden Horn in the Empire of Turkey
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS AND APPARATUS
FOR THAT PURPOSE"
My Invention relates to the manufacture of anchors in one piece of wrought
iron or steel and to apparatus for rolling the several limbs of the anchor into
shape. I prepare a bloom bar or ingot of approximately square section containing
sufficient metal to form the shank of the anchor and an additional mass at one end
in excess of what is necessary to form the arms with their flukes. This mass is
somewhat flattened and spread out laterally and then nearly in its middle is.
punched a hole shaped somewhat like the letter C. The metal is then slit from
the bow of the C and the metal on each side spread out, each part being intended
to form an arm with its flukes. The blank thus prepared is finished to shape by
rolling each of its three limbs successively, namely the shank and the two arms,
the rolls being arranged to give the shank the required taper and also the bulge
for the hole near its end, and also to give the arms their taper and spread to form
the flukes. After the three limbs have been successively rolled to shape, the two
arms which stand at right angles to the shank are curved in the forge, and the hole
is made in the shank. For anchors which have their arms jointed to the shank,
the same rolling apparatus is applicable to roll the shank by itself, and to roll the
two arms in one piece. The rolling apparatus consists mainly of a pair of horizontal
rolls which are adjustable nearer to or farther from one another, and close beyond
them a pair of vertical rolls in like manner adjustable their bearings being fitted
in horizontal slides inclined to the axial line of the rolling. The sliding bearings
of the horizontal rolls are moved by screws geared together and work simultaneously

page_text: by worm gear driven by a countershaft geared to the main shaft that works the
rolls. This countershaft has reversing gear with a clutch and lever by which it
can be thrown into or out of gear or reversed at pleasure while the horizontal rolls
continue to revolve, so that these rolls can be caused to approach or to recede from
each other or to remain at a constant distance apart. Also the sliding bearings of
the vertical rolls are connected to cranks or eccentrics which are geared together
and are worked by worm gear from a countershaft with reversing and clutch lever,
so that these rolls can likewise be made to approach or recede or to remain at
constant distance apart. The main shaft is also provided with reversing bevil gear
and a clutch the lever of which is worked by the piston of a steam or hydraulic
cylinder according as the slide or valve of that cylinder is moved. This main
shaft has on it two wheels which gear with wheels on two other shafts. One of
these is the shaft of the lower horizontal roll and has on it a pinion gearing with a
pinion on the shaft of the upper horizontal roll. The other shaft driven from the
main shaft works by bevil gear the shaft of one of the vertical rolls, which is geared
to the shaft of the other vertical roll. The shafts of the rolls are provided with
loose couplings to allow for the movements of the roller bearings. In passing the
limbs of the anchor through between both pairs of rolls, the clutch levers are
manipulated so as to vary as required the distances of the rolls, and thus the limbs
can be rolled more or less taper or with the required protruberances such as those
which constitute the flukes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Nock in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th June
1882.
JOHN NOCK of Hasskeni on the Golden Horn in the Empire of Turkey Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS AND APPARATUS FOR THAT
PURPOSE "
My Invention relates to the manufacture of anchors in one piece of wrought
iron or steel, and to apparatus for rolling the several limbs of the anchor into
shape, as I will explain referring to the accompanying Drawings. I prepare a flat
slab or ingot of the metal sufficient to constitute several anchors and in this slab
I punch as shewn in Fig. 1 holes A of a C shape, and I sever the metal by oblique
cuts B, taking care to provide between each hole A and the next A¹ sufficient
metal which is forged down to a square section convenient for rolling to form the
shank, and is hollowed in at the neck C by suitable swages as shewn in Fig. 1.
The blank thus formed has its jaws opened apart by swaging as shewn in Figs. 2
and 3. For convenience of holding and turning the blank there is fixed on its
shank a dog D shewn in plan at Fig. 4, which prevents the bridle chain from
slipping up the shank. The flukes are then spread out by swages as shewn in
section and plan at Fig. 5, these swages being shaped to form the rounded rib or
continuation of the arm behind the palm. The blank so far prepared has its limbs
brought to shape as shewn in the side and end views Fig. 6, by rolling them
successively between rolls arranged as I will presently describe so as to give the
required taper and variations of width and thickness at different parts of the
limbs. After the rolling the two arms which stand at right angles to the shank
as shewn in Fig. 6 are bent to the required curvature. The curving of each arm
may however be done or partly done while it is undergoing its last rolling by
attaching the shank by a chain to a fixed point of the framing of the mill, so that
the arm while passing between the rolls is made to travel in a curve. Finally the
hole is made in the shank at the forge. For anchors which have their arms jointed
to the shank, the same apparatus is applicable to roll the shank to shape as one
piece and to roll the two arm to shape as a separate piece.
The rolling apparatus consists mainly of a pair of horizontal rolls which while
they revolve are adjustable nearer to or farther from each other, and of a pair of
vertical rolls close beyond them, these being also adjustablo so that the shank and
limbs of the anchor in passing through between these rolls as indicated in Fig. 6,
while the rolls of each pair are themselves made to approach towards or recede
from each other, receive the desired form and taper. Fig. 7 is a back view and
Fig. 8 is a plan of the rolling mill and Fig. 9 is an end view. A and D constitute
the framing containing the bearings for the horizontal rolls B B and for the vertical
roll C C. The bearings X of the upper rollers B are fitted to slide vertically so
that these rolls can be raised or lowered by screws connected by wheels T T
gearing with an intermediate wheel U which can be turned by a hand wheel or
by a worm wheel V driven when required by a countershaft. The upper bearings
for the vertical rolls C C are in blocks Y Y fitted to slide diagonally, these blocks
being connected by adjusting screws to slides Z Z linked to cranks a a fixed on
the vertical axes of the worm wheels c c so that on turning the shaft of the worms
that gear with the wheels c c in the one direction or the other the rollers C C can
be caused to approach towards or to recede from each other. The vertical shafts
E E of the rolls C C are connected to wheels F F by couplings sufficiently loose to
permit of the to and fro movement of the rolls, and in like manner the shafts of the
horizontal rolls B B are loosely coupled to the wheels P P by which they are

page_text: geared together. The gearing for driving the mill is as follows: A main shaft by
means of clutch and bevil reversing gear N drives a shaft M which by gear
wheels L drives a countershaft J. From this shaft by gear K the shaft of the
lower roll B is driven, and by gear I is driven a shaft H which by bevil gear G
drives the shaft of one of the vertical rolls C C. From K is also driven a
countershaft which works the worms of the wheels c c, a clutch h and hand lever
being provided for coupling the worm shaft to for uncoupling it as required. The
reversing clutch N is worked by the piston of a steam or hydraulic cylinder as
shewn in Fig. 8, according as the slide of that cylinder is moved by hand.
anchor is passed through between the rolls, as shewn in Fig. 8, the clutch levers
are manipulated so as to vary as required the distances of the rolls from each other
for forming the several limbs of the anchor to their desired shape and taper, and
with the required protuberances on them.
As the
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim :-
First. The manufacture of an anchor from a slab or ingot of metal by punching
and cutting the slab or ingot spreading the jaws of the cut, forging and swaging
the shank and limbs, and then rolling them to shape between horizontal and
vertical rolls having their distances adjustable while they revolve, substantially as
herein described.
Second. The construction and arrangement of rolling mill for the manufacture
of anchors, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Nock have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Thirteenth day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand
.”