AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION OF CUTTERS AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS IN CONNECTION IN CONNECTION THEREWITH TO BE EMPLOYED FOR TENONING and Cutting FLAT SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Mansfield Lloyd, of Mornington Crescent,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION OF CUTTERS AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS IN CONNECTION
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Mansfield
Lloyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st October 1874.
I, CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD, of Mornington Crescent, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTERS AND ARRANGEMENT OF
APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH TO BE EMPLOYED FOR TENONING and Cutting
FLAT SURFACES," to be as follows :—
The present Invention relates to further improvements upon Letters
Patent granted to me on the 15th day of November 1871, No. 3074,
and is designed for the purpose of cutting "tenons " of
description with facility, accuracy, and rapidity.
any size, or

page_text: The peculiar construction of cutters forming a portion of the apparatus
may be employed with advantage for producing uniform flat surfaces
other than "tenon" surfaces required in the cutting of wood for joinering
purposes.
The arrangement and construction of apparatus forming the subject
of these improvements may be thus described:-Upon framing or
standards suitably arranged brackets or bearings are mounted which
support two horizontal shafts in positions one over the other. The
upper one of these shafts is supported in sliding bearings and is capable
of being adjusted in its position by means of a screw or other equivalent,
thereby enabling its distance from the lower shaft to be increased or
diminished for the purpose herein-after described.
The driving of the two shafts from the pulley on the driving shaft is
accomplished, whether in their contracted or extended positions by
means of a strap, the length of which during the varying positions of
the shafts is kept taught by a compensating weighted roller connected
to a radial arm bearing thereon.
The ends of the shafts projecting from the side standards of the frame
are provided with circular saw-like cutters secured thereon in vertical
and diagonal positions by means of washers and nuts, the peculiar con-
struction, arrangement, and action of which are herein-after more
particularly described.
In close proximity to the outer surface of the lower vertical saw a
table or bed provided with clamps is supported on bearings which will
allow it to slide in a horizontal direction at right angles to the saw
spindles and in front of the lower saw; the bearings supporting this
table are secured to the framing in a manner which will admit of their
being raised or lowered so that the level of the table relative to the
cutters may be adjusted for regulating the thickness of the "tenon" to
be cut.
"
The outer vertical saws cutting the shoulders of the "tenon are
regulated to give greater or less depth of cut according to the distance
apart at which their spindles have been adjusted, or if it is desired to
give a greater depth of shoulder on one side than the other such depth
is accomplished by altering the position of the sliding table supporting
the rails or other piece of wood being operated upon. Again if it is
desired that the "tenon" cut on one side shall be longer than the other

page_text: then the vertical and diagonal saw-like cutters on the top spindle are
through the medium of sliding diagonally faced washers, set screws, and
lock nuts placed slightly in advance of the vertical and diagonal saw-
like cutters of the bottom spindle, such positions being regulated and
adjusted with the greatest nicety in the manner described. The
operations of adjusting and regulating the positions of the saw-like
cutters and also the sliding horizontal table can be effected with facility
whilst the machine is in motion.
When cutting square
"tenons" the wood to be operated on is placed
flat on the supporting table so as to abut against a shoulder at the edge
of such table, but when it is desired to cut diagonal "tenons" for corner
'mortising " then the wood to be operated on would be secured by the
clamps in a position diagonal to the cutters.
Having thus described those parts of the machine relating to the
adjustment and positions of the spindles supporting the cutters, and also
the position of the cutters and sliding table regulating the cut to be
given for different description of "tenons "I will proceed finally to
describe the peculiar construction of cutters employed in conjunction
with the vertical saw completing the formation of the "tenon."
The whole length of the "tenon" from the shoulder is cut by a series
of cutters formed on the one half periphery of an eliptical disc placed
diagonally upon the shaft or spindle, the angle of which is determined
by the maximum length of "tenon" to be cut; for instance, the incli-
nation given to such cliptic cutter would form the hypothenuse, and the
"tenon" the base of a triangle, the point or angle being formed by the
teeth or cutters of the vertical and diagonal discs; thus it will be seen
the angular position of the eliptic cutter covers in one half of its
revolution the whole surface of the "tenon." The eliptic formation of
the cutting discs being determined by their diagonal positions on their
horizontal spindles or shafts in order that each cutter upon its periphery
when reducing the wood in the formation of a tenon will leave a true
plane producing parallel surfaces. The cutters upon the cliptic discs are
each assigned their own particular cut so that no two cutters pass over the
same plane; for example, suppose the maximum length of "tenon" to
be cut is three inches, the diagonal line of the cliptic cutter on each
spindle will cover that distance from the shoulders cut by the vertical
saws to the end of the "tenon," therefore if the eliptic discs are each onc

page_text: twelvth of an inch thick it would require thirty-six teeth or cutters on
the one half periphery of each of such discs to cut the whole length,
each cutter taking its own particular one-thirty-sixth of the entire
surface, or in other words the agrigate number of cuts given by the onc
diagonal cliptic cutter would be an equivalent to the same work being
performed by thirty-six cutting discs or saws placed vertically upon each
chafte
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 21st April 1875.
-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
MANSFIELD LLOYD, of Mornington Crescent, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd,
Her special licence that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Mansfield Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTER AND
ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
'TENONING' AND CUTTING FLAT SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or onc
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
or'

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to further improvements upon Letters Patent
granted to me on the 15th day of November, 1871, No. 3074, and is
designed for the purpose of cutting "tenons" of any size or description
with facility, accuracy, and rapidity.
The object and design of the present Invention relates more par-
ticularly to the peculiar construction and arrangement of the cutters
forming a portion of the "tenoning" machine, which said cutters may
also be employed with advantage for producing uniform flat surfaces or
planes other than "tenon" surfaces required in the cutting of wood for
joinery purposes.
The improvements consist in adapting to a machine hercin-after set
forth a novel form of cutters which may be thus described :-Take for
example the cutting of a "tenon' "
whose surface length from the
shoulder shall be three inches; the whole length of this tenon from the
shoulder is cut by a series of cutters formed on the one half periphery of
an eliptical disc placed diagonally upon its supporting shaft or spindle;
the angle of the disc is determined by the maximum length of " tenon" to
be cut; for instance, the length of the incline of such eliptic cutter would
form the hypothenuise, and the "tenon" surface the base of a triangle,
the point or angle being formed by the teeth or cutters themselves or by
an ordinary circular saw placed on the spindle at right angles thereto.
Thus it will be seen the angular position of the cliptic cutter covers in
one half of its revolution the whole surface of the "tenon." The eliptic
formation of the cutting disc is determined by its diagonal position upon
the horizontal spindle or shaft, to which it is keyed in a manner which
will enable each cutter upon the periphery of such cutting disc when
reducing the wood in the formation of a "tenon" to leave a true planc
thereon, so that if two or more such eliptic cutters were arranged to act

page_text: The driving of the spindles e, e¹, is accomplished, whether in their
extended or contracted positions, by means of the pullies ƒ, ƒ¹, and
a driving strap, the varying length of which is kept taught by a
compensating weighted roller bearing thereon connected by a radial arm
to the frame.
.
The ends of the shafts or spindles e, e¹, project from their bearings d,d,
and are provided with circular saw-like cutters 9, 9, 9', g', and h, h².
The diagonal and vertical saw-like cutters 9, 9, g', g¹, and h, h³, are
secured in their respective positions upon the spindles c, e¹, by means of
the washers i, i, and k, k.
In close proximity to the outer surface of the lower vertical circular
saw h¹ a table or bed is placed which slides on the fixed bearings m in
a horizontal direction at right angles to the saw spindles and in front of
the lower saw. The distance apart of the saw-like cutters is obtained by
means of the screws c, c³, and slides b, b', the position of which is regu-
lated, as required, to the depth of cut and size of "tenon" under
formation; or if it is necessary to give a greater depth of shoulder on
one side than the other such depth is accomplished by altering the
position of one of the spindles only with its respect to the table sup.
porting the wood to be operated on. If it is desired that the "tenon"
cut on one side shall be longer than the other then the vertical and
diagonal saw-like cutters and g, g, are through the medium of the
screw on the spindle e and lock nuts n, n, placed slightly in advance of
the vertical and diagonal saw-like cutters h², and g', g', on the spindle e¹,
their positions being regulated and adjusted with the greatest accuracy
on such spindle through the medium of the washers i, i, and lock
nuts n, n.
"
When cutting square "tenons" the wood to be operated on is placed
flat on the supporting table so as to abut against a square shoulder at
right angles to the circular saw ', but when it is desired to cut diagonal
"tenons for corner mortising then the wood is placed flat upon the
table in a diagonal position to the saw h¹. At the time of cutting the
tenon the table supporting the wood operated upon by the cutters is
pushed forward so as to slide on its bearings in a direction parallel to
the saws.
Having thus described those parts of the machine relating to the
adjustment and positions of the spindles supporting the cutters, and also

page_text: the position of the cutters and sliding table regulating the cut to be
given for different descriptions of "tenons," I will proceed finally to
describe the peculiar construction of eliptic disc cutters employed.
-
The whole length of the "tenon" (see Fig. 2) from the shoulder o is
cut by a series of cutters formed on the one half periphery of the eliptic
diagonal discs g, g, and g¹, g¹, the incline of which from their cutting
points. cover the maximum length of tenon to be cut. The eliptic
formation of the discs g, g, and g¹, g', in their diagonal positions are set
to cut a plane in a manner which will assign to each cutter upon their
periphery its own particular cut when reducing the wood in the formation
of a "tenon."
-
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
distinctly understood in conclusion that I claim as of my Invention the
novel and pecular arrangement, construction, and formation of the cliptical
cutters g, g, and g¹, g', together with their mode of adjustment in com-
bination with the mechanism herein described or any slight modification
thereof to be employed, in the manner and for the purpose as herein-
before substantially described, sct forth, and fully illustrated in the
Drawings annexed.
In witness whercof, I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this the Nineteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.
Witness,
THO. WRIGLEY.
CHARLES M. LLOYD.. (L.s.) {