IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING. STAMPING, AND WASHING MINERAL, ANIMAL, AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Edwards, of Regent Street, Mile End,
in the County of Middlesex, Emery Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING. STAMPING,
AND WASHING MINERAL, ANIMAL, AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 25th September 1862, and dated the 27th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1862.
I, RICHARD EDWARDS, of Regent Street, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, Emery Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING
STAMPING, AND WASHING MINERAL ANIMAL, AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for stamping, crushing, and
washing relates primarily to the application of a circular inclined surface for
raising the hammers, stampers, or beetles; and, secondly, to the general
arrangement of the parts of machines used for these-purposes herein-after
described.
For grinding quartz, emery, and other ores, I employ an annular trough to
receive the material to be operated on, and the stampers, which are also
arranged in a circle, and are mounted on levers radiating towards the centre;
[Price 8d.]

page_text: these levers are cranked downwards and dip in a basin within which the levers
and hammers are mounted on centre point bearings, which basin is filled with
oil to lubricate the parts. A vertical shaft is disposed in the centre, carrying
the circular incline placed immediately above the short ends of the levers,
which are furnished with steel contact points or friction rollers. This shaft is
rotated by wheel gearing, and as it carries round the incline it acts on the
whole of the levers so as to raise them gradually and continuously, and
allowing them to drop one at a time on the matters to be operated upon, or
there may be two, three, or more inclines in the circle, and two, three, or
more stampers allowed to drop at same or different times. The incline or
inclines may be raised or lowered on the shaft, so as to alter at will the
rise of the stampers, and so vary the force of the blow. The trough in which
the crushing is effected is mounted loosely on the centre shaft, and has a slow
rotary movement imparted to it by a ratchet and pawl movement, derived
from the driving shaft. The trough or bed has a long bearing on the central
vertical shaft to steady and support it. This shaft rests at foot in a step
enclosed in a deep cup, which I fill with oil to afford a permanent lubrication.
I drive the central shaft by a large bevil wheel near the upper part, which
receives motion from a bevil pinion on the horizontal driving shaft, which may
be driven by winch handle or any suitable driving power. The crushing basin
or annular trough rises high at its smaller diameter, and is of sufficient depth
at the outer diameter for the purposes required. To discharge the material
operated on, I employ one of the stampers and levers, but without its short
end, so that it is not acted on or lifted by the incline; this rests on the bottom
of the trough, and acts as a scraper as it turns round, and so accumulates
more or less of the ground material at that point, and causes it to overflow.
The grinding may be conducted wet or dry; if wet, I admit a constant stream
of water at one part, and form a lip and spill water to carry off the overflow
and the finest of the ground material. Instead of arranging the scrapers and
hammers on levers radiating from a centre, I mount them so as to rise in a
direct line vertically, for which purpose I mount them on suitable stems
working in boxes or guides fixed to the frame. In order to raise them by the
circular incline I mount rollers on each of the hammer stems, which are lifted
and allowed to fall in succession as before. In this case the incline is of
a diameter nearly equal to that of the circle in which the stampers are
arranged. In this case the circular incline is mounted somewhat higher on
the central shaft than before. In this arrangement I mount the aunular basin
or stamping trough on a circular rail and rollers; it should also be maintained
in a concentric position by arms and a boss fitting loose on the central shaft.

page_text: The supporting rollers and rail of the stamping trough are suitably protected
from the spill or overflow of the trough, and the parts subject to friction are
so boxed in as to contain a large supply of oil for lubrication.
This apparatus may be used for stamping or crushing quartz, ores, bones,
glass, drugs, or other substances; also for fulling cloths and washing fibrous
substances or textile fabrics, the hammers or stampers and troughs being
modified so as to adapt the apparatus for the purpose intended; for instance,
the hammers should have steel heads for quartz, emery, glass, or drugs, while
for washing and fulling wood will answer the purpose, and in some cases this
is covered with a soft linen or other material. The troughs also for the latter
purpose should be of wood.
After washing substances or textile fabrics they require the water expressed
from them; this I effect by providing the trough with a perforated bottom (it
may be a false one) from below which I draw the water; the stampers may
then be allowed to act on them without water,and to express that contained.
To better effect this I further fit rollers to the machine between the stampers,
which being lowered roll on the materials in the trough, and express the
water; this may be in addition to or in lieu of using the stampers for that
purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Kichard Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
EDWARDS, of Regent Street, Mile End, in the County of Middlesex, Emery
Manufacturer, seud greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
ine, the said. Richard Edwards, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Edwards, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Edwards, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-

page_text: PROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING, STAMPING, AND
WASHING MINERAL, ANIMAL. AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Edwards, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my,or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Edwards, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for stamping, crushing, and
washing relates primarily to the application of a circular inclined surface for
raising the hammers, stampers, or beetles; and, secondly, to the general
arrangement of the parts of machines used for these purposes, as herein-after
described.
For grinding quartz, emery, and other ores, I employ an annular trough to
receive the material to be operated on, and the stampers, which are also
arranged in a circle, and are mounted on levers radiating towards the centre;
these are cranked downwards, and dip in a basin,within which the levers and
hammers are mounted on centre point bearings, which basin is filled with oil
to lubricate the parts. A vertical shaft is disposed in the centre,carrying the
circular incline placed immediately above the short ends of the levers, which
are furnished with steel contact points or friction rollers. This shaft is rotated
by wheel gearing, and as it carries round the incline, it acts on the whole of
the levers so as to raise them gradually and continuously, and allowing them
to drop one at a time on the matters to be operated on; or there may be two,
three, or more inclines in the circle, and two, three, or more stampers allowed
to drop at same time.
The incline or inclines may be raised or lowered
on the shaft so as to alter at will the rise of the stampers, and so vary the
force of the blow. The trough in which the crushing is effected is mounted
loosely on the centre shaft, and has a slow rotating movement derived from
the driving shaft. The trough or bed has a long bearing on the central
vertical shaft to steady and support it; this shaft rests at foot in a step
enclosed in a deep cup, which I fill with oil, which affords a permanent lubri-
cation. I drive the central shaft by a large bevil wheel near the upper part,
which receives motion from a bevil pinion on the horizontal driving shaft,

page_text: T'he
which may be driven by winch handle, or any suitable driving gear.
crushing basins or annular troughs rises high at its smallest diameter, and is of
sufficient depth on the outer diameter for the purposes required to discharge
the material operated on. I employ one of the stampers and levers, but
without its short end, so that it is not acted on or lifted by the machine; this
rests on the bottom of the trough, and acts as a scraper as it turns round,
and so accumulates more or less the ground material at that point, and
causes it to overflow. The grinding may be conducted wet or dry; if wet, I
admit a constant stream of water at one part, and form a lip, and spill water
to carry off the overflow and the finest of the ground material. Instead of
arranging the stampers or hammers or levers radiating froin a centre, I mount
them so as to rise in a direct line vertically, for which purpose I mount them
ou suitable stems working in boxes or guides fixed to the frame. In order to
raise them by a circular machine, I mount rollers on each of the hammer
stems, which are lifted and allowed to fall in succession as before. In this
case the incline is of diameter nearly equal to that of the circle in which the
stampers are arranged and mounted somewhat higher on the central shaft
than before.
In this arrangement I mount the annular basin or stamping
trough on a circular rail and rollers; it should also be maintained in a con-
centric position by arms, & a boss fitting loose on the central shaft. The
supporting rollers and rail of the stamping trough are suitably protected from
the spill or overflow of the trough, and the parts subject to friction are so
boxed in as to contain a large supply of oil for lubrication.
This apparatus may be used for stamping or crushing quartz, ores, bone,
glass, drugs, or other substances; also for fuiling cloths & washing fibrous
substances or textile fabrics, the hammers or stampers and troughs being
modified so as to adapt the apparatus for the purpose intended; for instance,
the hammers should have steel heads for quartz, emery, glass, or drugs, while
for, washing and fulling cloth, wood will answer the purpose, and in some
cases this is covered with a soft linen or other material; the trough also for
the latter purpose should be of wood.
After washing substances or textile fabrics they require the water expressed
from them; this I effect by providing the trough with a perforated bottom
(or it may be a false one) from below which I draw the water; the stampers
may then be allowed to act on them without water, and to express that con-
tained. To better effect this, I further fit rollers to the machine between the
stampers,
which being lowered roll on the materials in the trough, and
express the water; this
may
be in addition to or in lieu of using the stampers
for that purpose.

page_text: Fig. 1 of the Drawings annexed represents an elevation of a quartz, ore, or
emery crushing machine, and Fig. 2, a central vertical section of the same.
This machine, in plan, is circular, the shaft A accompanying the centre. The
framework consists of a circular base plate B and an entablature C supported
on four pillars D, disposed at points equidistant from the centre. The pillars D
have each an arm or bracket E cast on them, which are disposed in a radial
position, and projected toward the centre shaft. These arms E support a
circular dish piece F, being bolted on an external flange of piece F, whereby
it is firmly held in position. The axis A passes freely through the piece F,
which is furnished with a long socket piece a standing in the centre, through
which A passes. This permits of the cavity in F between the outer rim b
and socket a being filled with oil, thereby ensuring the perfect lubrication of
the parts therein contained. dis a solid ring or annular piece of metal fitted,
and so dropping into the cavity of F; on this ringd are mounted the bearings
carrying axes or centres of a number of radial levers e, e, on which the
crushing or stamping heads or hammers are affixed; these levers e and ring d
are separately represented at Fig. 3. I have represented each of the hammer
levers as being sustained in centre points, which I prefer, but they may be
mounted on bearings if desired. G is the bed or trough receiving the
material to be stamped or crushed; it is a solid mass of cast iron mounted
freely on the central shaft A, and resting on a brass collar f at the foot
thereof; g is the cavity in the bed G, in which the hammers or stampers fall,
and in which the materials to be operated on are placed. The bed G receives
a slow rotary motion, which is imparted to it by a lever H and spring pall or
tooth q, which takes into the ratchet teeth h formed round the bed G, the
lever H receiving an oscillating motion from an excentric I fixed on the
driving shaft K.
A truck roller i, mounted on the lever H taking into the
groove or chase k of the eccentric. The pawl q is fitted to slide in a socket
fixed in lever H, and is pressed up to the (see detached view, Fig. 4) ratchet
teeth; by this means the motion of lever f to the left causes it to slip over
the teeth (it may be one or more at a time) while the opposite oscillation
of lever H propels the bed G round a distance equal to the extent of the
teeth h, so first escaped. A stationary spring pawl 7 mounted on the pillar
prevents any retrograde motion of the bed G, and retains it in place.
2
The hammer levers e, e, before mentioned, together with their fulcrum
ring d, being dropped into position as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the levers are
each guided by double armed arcs m, m, fixed at the lower part to the

page_text: flange of F, and tied together by a ring n at the top, which ring is inde-
pendant of any other support; the parts m, n, are separately represented.at
Fig. 5. All these levers except one are furnished with hammer heads p
as separately represented at Fig. 6, arranged and fixed by a bolt o, at a
radius to fall fairly in the hollow of the movable bed G, while at the back
ends the levers are furnished with hardened steel points or surfaces on
which a snail like cam or circular incliued surface L takes effect, depres-
sing such ends, and therefore raising the hammers in succession till they
arrive at the highest point where they are allowed to fall at the vertical
point of the cam's surface. This cam or circular incline is mounted and
screwed on the shaft A, as scen separately in Fig. 7, in order that it may
be raised or lowered on shaft A, and thereby increase or diminish the rise
or fall of the hammers when adjusted, it is fixed by means of a binding
screw v. The shaft A is stepped in a centre at foot, and sustained at top by
centre screw q screwed in the boss of the upper plate. The step at bottom
is in the form of a cup and is filled with oil to lubricate the centre, as also
collar supporting bed G. This collar is screwed on A, and after adjusting
its height is fixed by set screw 7. The top of shaft A is also cupped to
retain a quantity of oil for the lubrication of the centre q', said centre is rotated
by the handle and fixed in position by a set pin brackets; motion is commu-
nicated to the shaft A by the wheel M fixed thereon taking into a pinion N,
fixed on the driving shaft K. The driving shaft is supported in bearings 1',
carried by the pendant brackets Q, fixed to entablature C. It was before
mentionedthat eleven levers e onlyare furnished with hammers; on the twelfth
Imount a scraper t, which is at bottom of the shape of trough g, and edge of
the table G, sc that the emery or other stuff as it is brought round by motion
of table G is prevented passing that point by the scraper, and is consequently
thrown out of g, and over the edge of G, from thence it falls on an inclined
plate R (seen dotted) mounted on lever H, which motion shakes it down and
delivers it free of the machine. The feeding of fresh stuff to be ground takes
place immediately at the back part of the scraper t,either by hand or by a
suitable delivery channel, provided by a small hopper or supply, which channel
may be agitated by the motion of the machine if necessary to insure the
regularity required. For pulverizing some materials the delivery as produced
by the slow rotation of bed or trough G will be too slow, and subject the
material to excessive action of the hammers p. When I wish to give a
more rapid motion to the revolving trough, for the purpose of facilitating
more quickly the discharging of the material under operation, I make use
of an endless leather or gut baud, or ion chain, which I pass round the

page_text: revolving trough, and conduct by suitable guide or turning pullies on to a
rigger fastened on the driving shaft K. Toothed gear may also be used
for this purpose, either for providing a fast or slow delivery of the materials
operated on on the other hand if the delivery should be too quick by the
rotation of G; and the scraper emptying it at each revolution, the scraper
should be lifted and hooked as long as it is necessary to allow the materials
to remain in the trough g. The back end of the lever carrying the scraper t,
is cut off, so that it has no lifting motion, and the scraper may be weighted
if necessary to keep it down.
The action of the machine is as follows:-Motion being communicated to
the shaft K, shaft A is caused to rotate by the bevil gearing,and therefore the
cam or incline L, which acts upon the tail ends of the hammerlevers e, and
gradually and in succession depresses them and raises the hammers to their
highest elevation. When each in succession arrives at the point of the incline,
and falls off at the perpendicular point w¹, and therefore gives a blow on the
material contained in the trough g, each hammer giving a blow at each revo-
lution of the shaft A. By the time the next revolution takes place, the trough
bed G has been moved round a little as described, and therefore a fresh portion
of material ing is presented to each hammer, and so that it undergoes a
pounding by each hammer to agreater or less extent, according to the rate at
which the bed G is caused to rotate. The materials may either be treated wet
or dry; if wet I prefer to introduce a constant supply at one part of the trough
and provide a spill water at another point, or the washing waters or matters
may remain in the trough a considerable length of time.
Fig. 8 represents a front elevation; and Fig. 9 a central vertical section of
a machine arranged according to my Invention. It is upon the same principle
as the preceding one, but somewhat differently arranged. The hammers
instead of being on levers are fitted in sliding sockets to rise vertically.and are
lifted through their whole height by the rise of the circular incline, it having a
sufficient rise to effect that object without leverage.
A is the central vertical shaft; B the bed or foundation plate; C the
entablature; D the pillars; and G the rotating trough bed, all as before; this
trough however being somewhat differently supported, while the centre shaft A
passes freely through cross bar =. In this case the trough bed G, instead of
converging to a point at bottom, it is somewhat of a cylindrical form, and
having a circular projecting ring or rib P, which rests on a circular channe
or groove in the foundation plate B; this channel I keep filled with oil fo
the purpose of lubrication, or instead of continuous bearing surfaces, the trough
bed may rest on friction rollers. Rotary motion is communicated to the trough

page_text: bed G, by a lever and pall H, q, and eccentric I as before; R, R, are the
stampers, which are each fitted to slide in a separate socket S, bolted by flanges
and depending from top plate C; they are each furnished with a pin or spindle,
carrying a truck roller y, which rests on the top of a circular incline T, mounted
on shaft A, which circular incline is in this case of large diameter; it is repre-
sented separately at Fig. 10, on shaft A. The socket pieces S, have slots y,
for the passage of pins x, and are separately represented at Fig. 11, while a
stamper is seen separately at Fig. 12. K is the driving shaft communicating
motion to A by bevil wheel and pinion; as before it is suitably supported in
bearings, and has fast and loose pullies U, V, as seen, by which it is driven.
The action of the machine is the same as before described, and need not
therefore be repeated; it is also provided with a scraper t, as before. The
cam or circular inclined plane, by its rotating motion lifts and drops the
stampers in succession.
Fig. 13 represents a partial view of the same machine as Figs. 8 and 9, but
with the addition of supplies of water forwashing the materials while stamping
them; I have shown two supply taps and two escape passages from the bottom
of the trough g, these may empty in a circular channel, and be carried away
by suitable ducts as desired.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I delare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the general arrangement of apparatus and machinery herein-before
described and represented in the Drawings annexed, for the purposes of pul-
verizing, stamping, and washing mineral, animal, and vegetable substances as
herein-before described.
Secondly, I claim the application of circular inclined planes as herein.before
described for the purposes of raising hammers or stampers applied to the
pulverizing, stamping, and washing mineral, animal, and vegetable sub-
stances.
In witness whereof; I, the said Richard Edwards, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of
T
RICHARD EDWARDS. (L.S.)