IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF " COKES AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE RESULTING GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FOR EVAPORATING, IIEATING, SMELTING, LIME BURNING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen of 33, Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
"
COKES AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE RESULTING GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF
COMBUSTION FOR EVAPORATING, IIEATING, SMELTING, LIME BURNING AND OTHER
PURPOSES Communicated to him from abroad by Messieurs Beatus
Petersen and Company of Copenhagen Denmark
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1882.
"
PETER JENSEN of 33, Chancery Lano in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKES AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF
THE RESULTING GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FOR EVAPORATING, HEATING,
SMELTING, LIME BURNING AND OTHER PURPOSES." (A communication to mo
from abroad by Messieurs Beatus Petersen and Company of Copenhagen, Denmark)
One or more brick or fire clay retorts are set in brickwork; these are formed
with perforations in their upper part and these perforations are by preference
arranged in several sets or series but not extending to the very uppermost part or
crown. Above each retort and by preference resting on same there is a tray.
shaped open receptacle for coals and flues are provided for the gaseous products
from the retorts to play around and above it and then to escape by a passige or
flue provided with a damper and leading to the underside of a salt pan or other
appliance for which the heat is to be used before escaping to the chimney or other
outlet. Air flue or flues with dampers are provided for letting a proper amount of
hot air in at this place and thus enable the gases to be converted into carbon
dioxide or partly here and partly at a subsequent stage all according to require-
ments. If applied to a salt evaporating pan the retort bench is placed under one
end of same and the gases pass a short distance through a flue or combustion
chamber before actually touching the bottom of the pan so that it is not exposed to
the fiercest flame or heat. There is a door for charging and discharging each retort
and tray from the front of the bench. There is a flue with damper for leading the

page_text: gases direct into a chimney fiue if desired instead of the salt pan or other place
where the heat is to be applied.
The mode of working and of producing the coke is as follows: The retorts are
charged with a certain quantity of coal according to the time desired for working
them; the trays are also charged with a certain quantity of coal according to the
time desired for working them. The combustion in the retorts is conducted with
as little surplus of air as possible but so that it is lively; the burning gaseous
products of combustion pass around the trays heating the same and driving out the
gases from the coals therein and igniting thein; the mixture of gases then pass
together into the flue or combustion chamber into which so much air is admitted
as to produce a perfect combustion. The air is admitted by a damper in front by
a flue which may also serve to admit the damper for closing the exit to the salt
pan or other part for utilizing the heat when for instance the pan has to be
cleaned or from other reasons has to be put out of activity, in which case the
gaseous products of combustion are led directly into the chimney Hue.
By a properly conducted combustion the coals are deprived of all their gascous
constituent parts without sensible loss by combustion of the solid parts, and the
usual production of retort scale or graphite by the undue henting of the gases is
prevented, as the gases by the above described method and a paratus freely escape
at once, thus effecting a saving of fuel while utilizing also for combustion the couls
..heretofore forming the retort scale.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
April 1883.
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
"
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKES AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE
RESULTING GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FOR EVAPORATING, HEATING,
SMELTING, LIME BURNING AND OTHER PURPOSES (A Communication to mo
from abroad by Messieurs Beatus Petersen and Company of Copenhagen Denmark)
One or more brick or fireclay retorts are set in brick work these are formed
with perforations in their upper part and these perforations are by preference
arranged in several sets of series but not extending to the very uppermost part or
crown Above each retort and by preference resting on same there is a
tray shaped open receptacle for coal and flues are provided for the gaseous
products from the retorts to play around and above it and then to escape by a
passage or flue provided with a damper and leading to the underside of a salt pan
or other appliance for which the heat is to be used before escaping to the chimney
or other outlet Air flue or flues with dampers are provided for letting a proper
amount of hot air in at this place and thus enable the gases to be converted into
carbon dioxide or partly hero and partly at a subsequent stage all according to
requirements. If applied to a salt evaporating pan the retort bench is placed under
one end of same and the gases pass a short distance through a flue or combustion
chamber before actually touching the bottom of the pan so that it is not exposed to
the fiercest flame or heat. There is a door for charging and discharging each
retort and tray from the front of the bench There is a fluo with damper for
leading the gases direct into a chimney flue if desired instead of to the salt pan or
other place where the heat is to be applied
In order that the Invention may be more fully understood I will further describe
it with reference to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 being a vertical
longitudinal section Figure 2 a vertical transverse section at right angles to
Figure 1 Figure 3 is a sectional plan on line A, B of Figure 1 Figure 4 a front
elevation showing doors, and Figure 5 is a sectional plan (drawn to a smaller scale
than the previous figures) showing arrangement of flues under salt pan. Similar
letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures.
a a are the coke ovens or retorts (two being shown in the drawings) having
arched or vaulted tops; near the crown of these arched tops a series of perforations
a¹ are formed at intervals apart, b is the tray shaped receptacle above each coke
oven a for coals supported on either side by supporting walls b' the spaces between
which walls form flues 63 serving to conduct the heated products of combustion
from the coke ovens or retorts a by the perforations a' to the tray b. c is the
arched roof above the tray b in which an aperture c' is formed and through which
the heated gaseous products pass; & shows the arched flue covering or shield above
the aperture c' for the purpose of shielding for example the salt evaporating pan e
or other appliance (for which this heat may be utilized) from the direct heat to
which it would otherwise be subjected to at this particular place. The beat
passing out of the arched flue d enters the flue h (best seen at Figure 5) where it
is caused to circulate by means of partitions h¹ eventually passing by flue or
chimney is the aperture in front of the arched flued for admitting air to the
products of combustion and through which aperture fa damper may be introduced
for closing the passage c¹ g are passages or flues in the brickwork of the retort
bench for admitting a small quantity of air to the coke ovens which air admission
.

page_text: can be regulated by the dampers or doors, Figure 4 m and n are the doors provided
at the front of the coke ovens a and arched spaces containing the trays b or the
products of combustion may be led directly to the chimney by the passage or
flue p this passage being provided with a damper q.
b
The mode of working and of producing the coke is as follows:-the retorts or
coke ovens a are charged with a certain quantity of coal according to the time
desired for working them; the trays bare also charged with a certain quantity of
coal according to the tiine desired for working them. The combustion in the
retorts or coke ovens a is conducted with as little surplus of air as possible but so
that it is lively the burning gaseous products of combustion pass from the oven a
'by the passages a' and be around the trays & heating the same and driving out the
gases from the coals therein and igniting them; the mixture of gases then passes
together through the flue or aperture c¹ into the combustion chamber formed by
the arched flue d into which chamber so much air is admitted by the aperturo fas
to produce a perfect combustion. The air is admitted by the opening f in front
which may also serve to admit the damper for closing the entrance c¹ to the flue or
passages underneath the salt pan e (or other appliance for utilizing the heat)
when for instance the pan has to be cleaned or for other reasons has to be put out
of activity); in this case the gaseous products of combustion are led directly into
the chimney flue by the passage p.
By a properly conducted combustion the coals are deprived of all their gaseous
constituent parts without sensible loss by combustion of the solid parts and the
usual production of retort scale or graphite by the unduo heating of the gases is
prevented as the gases by the above described method and apparatus freely escape
at once thus effecting a saving of fuel while utilizing also for combustion the coals
heretofore forming the retort scale.
And having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this Invention
--I-declare-that I claim._
First: In coke ovens the construction and arrangement thereof in such manner
that the products of combustion from a lower retort are caused to act or impinge
upon a tray above same containing coals and from which the combined heated
products of combustion are free to pass to a combustion chamber or place where
they are to be utilized whereby the coals are deprived of their gases without
undue loss by burning away of the solid carbonaceous parts and whereby
overheating of the gases in the retort and the resulting production or deposit of
graphite is prevented, substantially as set forth.
Second-The combination of such coke ovens as those first claimed with Ques
and combustion chamber whereby the heat resulting from the combustion of the
gases is utilized for evaporating, heating or smelting purposes all substantially as
herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings
In witness whereof I the said Peter Jensen have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty fourth day of April in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three