Improvements relating to Oil Spraying Devices for Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 26th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 27th Jan.,
1899
Improvements relating to Oil Spraying Devices for Internal
Combustion Engines.
I, ALEXANDER CRAIG, Chief Engineer of Messrs. Humber & Company Limited,
Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:
This invention relates to oil spraying devices for internal combustion engines,
particularly those using heavy oils and may be carried out in the following
manner:
In the pipe leading to the inlet valve of the engine is placed a small pipe or
other vessel closed with a valve held on to its seat by a spring, the tension of
which can preferably be regulated though it is intended always to hold the valve
on to its seat with considerable pressure. The oil or fuel is supplied to this
chamber by a feed pump or other suitable device which is preferably capable of
regulation, so that the amount of oil supplied at each stroke can be varied.
The forcing of the oil past the valve causes it to be delivered into the air
which is travelling towards the cylinder in an extremely fine spray, and carried
by the air to the cylinder which may be provided with the usual inlet valve.
The valve seating or face may be slightly grooved or roughened if desired to
still further split up the spray.
Although I have described the use of a pump for delivering the oil to the
valve, and I believe that to be the most convenient way of supplying it, I wish
it to be understood that I do not bind myself to that means only.
The oil spray is preferably intermittent taking place during the charging
stroke in the cylinder or during a portion of that stroke. The stroke of the
pump or other apparatus can be timed to coincide with the admission stroke of
the engine so as to produce the required effect.
Dated this 27th day of January 1898.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to Oil Spraying Devices for Internal
Combustion Engines.
I, ALEXANDER CRAIG, Chief Engineer of Messrs. Humber & Co. Ltd.,
Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-

page_text: particularly those using heavy oils and may be carried out in the following
manner:
In the pipe leading to the inlet valve of the engine is placed a small pipe or
other vessel closed with a valve held on to its seat by a spring, the tension of
which can preferably be regulated though it is intended always to hold the valve
on to its seat with considerable pressure. The oil or fuel is supplied to this
chamber by a feed pump or other suitable device which is preferably capable of
regulation, so that the amount of oil supplied at each stroke can be varied.
The forcing of the oil past the valve causes it to be delivered into the air
which is travelling towards the cylinder in an extremely fine spray, and carried
by the air to the cylinder which may be provided with the usual inlet valve.
The valve seating or face may be slightly grooved or roughened if desired to
still further split up the spray.
Although I have described the use of a pump for delivering the oil to the
valve, and I believe that to be the most convenient way of supplying it, I wish
it to be understood that I do not bind myself to that means only.
The oil spray is preferably intermittent taking place during the charging
stroke in the cylinder or during a portion of that stroke. The stroke of the
pump or other apparatus can be timed to coincide with the admission stroke of
the engine so as to produce the required effect.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the improved spraying device, and
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of the same.
Upon the end of the cylinder A (Fig. 1) of an internal combustion engine is
arranged a casing B which constitutes a mixing chamber for the finely divided
fuel and air. The mixing chamber B communicates. by an opening B closed
by a spring controlled admission valve C with the interior of the cylinder A. A.
circular baffle B2 assists in bringing about the proper mingling of the air and
fuel in their passage through the mixing chamber to the admission valve C.
The mixing chamber B may be considered as being divided into two portions
66. The former part encloses the valve stem of the admission valve and the
baffle B2 while the part 62 is preferably arranged at right angles to the part 61
and comprises a slightly tapered tube the open end of which has perforations or
openings B3 for the admission of air. These perforations are arranged around a
centrally situated nozzle 1) and can be more or less closed by the rotary adjust-
ment of a regulating plate E perforated as at E
The nozzle D is preferably cast in one piece with the barrel F of the oil pump.
The nozzle D is provided with a valve D¹ carried upon the end of a spindle 12
which is surrounded and controlled by a spring D³ which tends to keep the
valve D always on its seat.
Upon each instroke of the pump plunger G a certain quantity of liquid fuel
which has been sucked in from the feed pipe H is forced out of the nozzle D, the
valve D¹ being in the process lifted off its seat, but only sufficiently to allow the
fuel to issue in fine spray from the nozzle. This spray is carried together with
the air entering through the passages E¹ and B3 through the mixing chamber B
and valve C into the cylinder of the engine.
It is to be noted that in the construction shown in Fig. 1, the spray valve J)¹
acts as a delivery valve of the pump.
In Fig. 2 the barrel F of the pump is modified so as to form a chamber having
inserted in one side of it a flexible diaphragm F. A spring F2 is placed between
the diaphragm F1 and the opposite wall of the pump chamber F and is kept in
place by an annular recess in the wall, or in a removable plug in the same, and
by a stud F3 which projects through the diaphragm and is held tightly therein.
A rod G¹ reciprocated by means of any convenient mechanism is arranged to
strike the stud F³. At every approach of the rod G¹ the diaphragm F¹ is thus
driven in and a certain quantity of oil forced out of the nozzle D. When the
rod G¹ recedes the diaphragm again takes up its original position aided by the

page_text: spring F2 and thus a fresh charge of oil is drawn or pumped into the chamber F
by way of the supply-pipe H. A ball-valve J is arranged at the lower part of
the nozzle D and acts as the delivery valve for the pump; a second ball-valve J¹
is provided at the lower end of the pump chamber F to prevent liquid being
forced back through the supply-pipe H. The nozzle D is provided at its top
with a ball D which when liquid is forced through the nozzle 1 by the pump is
raised from its scat slightly allowing the liquid to spray out around it. The
ball D is retained in place by a rod K mounted within the mixing chamber B.
The upper end of the rod K projects through the top of the mixing chamber and
is provided with a milled-head K¹ or other means by which it may be revolved;
the lower end is provided with a screw threaded portion K2 and engages with and
is carried by a web K³ which may be integral with the mixing chamber B. The
rod K is terminated by a tapered end K which projects beyond the web K³ and
may be set at any desired distance from the ball D by turning the milled head K¹
thus screwing the rod K backwards or forwards through the web K³.
The upper end of the rod K is passed through a stuffing box and gland L L
so that by screwing up the gland L the packing is compressed and thus holds
the rod in the position to which it has been adjusted.
Air is drawn into the mixing chamber B through openings B arranged and
operating together with a plate È having openings Ê¹ as described with reference
to Figure 1.
The mixing chamber B may be provided with baffle-plates as in Figure 1 if
desired and may be attached by any convenient means to the cylinder of an
internal combustion engine.
In either of the above described forms of apparatus the mixing chamber B
may be provided near the nozzle 1) with a sliding shutter or other device for
enabling the nature of the spray issuing from the nozzle to be inspected.
It is an important feature of the spray valve that the fuel in being forced
through it breaks itself up into a fine spray making its own opening.
Any convenient type of pump may be employed for forcing the fuel through
the nozzle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a fuel pump of a
spraying valve which serves also as the delivery valve of the pump.
2. In an internal combustion engine the employment of a loaded valve opened
by the pressure of the fuel inside the nozzle at the termination or orifice of the jet
nozzle.
3. In an internal combustion engine the employment of a closed fuel-jet orifice
which is only opened by the pressure of the fuel itself passing through the orifice
at the moment of the injection of the fuel.
4. The complete oil spraying device for internal combustion engines substan-
tially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The complete oil spraying device for internal combustion engines substan-
tially as described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3000
INDARA
ALEX. CRAIG.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.