IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENB."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Simon, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE
OVENB." A communication from abroad by François Carves, of St. Etienne,
Departement de la Loire, France.
Sealed the 12th December 1879, and dated the 28th June 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Simon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1879.
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS." [A communication from abroad
by François Carves, of St. Etienne, Departement de la Loire, France.]
This Invention relates to a construction and arrangement of coke ovens and
apparatus connected therewith, whereby the coking of coal is more completely
effected than in coke ovens of ordinary construction with an economy of fuel, and
the tar, ammoniacal, and other products from the distillation of the coal are
collected in a condition which renders them readily available for use. Each oven
according to this Invention is in the form of a long narrow chamber of brickwork,
and a number of these are built side by side with partition walls between them
sufficiently thick to contain flues. Flues are also formed under the floor of each
oven, and at one end of these is a fire place consisting of a fire grate and ash pit
with suitable doors, the fire door having fitted above it a nozzle through which air
and gas produced from the coking are admitted, to form a flame over the fuel
burning on the grate. The products of combustion pass from the fire place along a
flue under the oven floor to the end farthest from the fire; they return along
another flue under the floor to the fire end; they then ascend by a flue in the
partition wall to the uppermost of several flues formed therein, and descend in a
zig-zag direction along these flues, finally passing into a horizontal channel leading
to a chimney. Thus the coke oven is heated not only at the bottom in the usual
manner, but also at the sides, and the coal with which it is charged becomes rapidly
and completely coked, whilst the principal part of the heat of the fuel and gas
consumed at the fire place is utilised. The ovens are fed with coal by openings
in the roof over which the coal trucks are run on rails, and the coal is evenly

page_text: distributed by rakes introduced at end openings provided with doors, faced with
refractory material, that can be closed and tightly luted while the oven is in
operation. The feed holes in the roof are also provided with covers that are closed
tightly. Through the middle of the roof rises a gas pipe provided with a hydraulic
valve, which closes the passage by a lip projecting down from it into an annular
cavity surrounding its seating, in which it is immersed in a portion of tar and
ainmoniacal liquor lodged there during previous distillations. The products of the
coal distillation which cone off in gasoous form riso by the gas pipe, and are lod
through a range of pipes kept cool by external wetting, so that the tar and
ammoniacal liquor become condensed and separated from the combustible gas.
These cooling pipes are conveniently arranged in pyramidal form surmounted by a
water pipe having numerous holes, so that a shower of water descending on the
uppermost of the cooling pipes and on the outermost is scattered over all their
surfaces. The gas when separated from the condensed materials is passed through
scrubbers or vessels containing coke moistened by the ammoniacal liquor, which
being repeatedly used becomes stronger and stronger until it reaches saturation,
when it is run off into reservoirs to be treated in the ordinary way for the pre-
parution of ammonia and its compounds. The gas being sufficiently purified is led
by pipes to the nozzles at the fire places of the ovens where it is burnt.
It is preferred to employ exhausters to draw off the gaseous products of
distillation, and when these are employed, the hydraulic valves of the ovens that
are open for charging and discharging have to be carefully closed, in order to
prevent admixture of air with the combustible gases.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Simon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd December
1879.
"
HENRY SIMON, No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS." A communication from abroad
by François Carves, of St. Etienne, Departement de la Loire, France.
This Invention relates to a construction and arrangement of coke ovens and
apparatus connected therewith, whereby the coking of coal is more completely.
effected than in coke ovens of ordinary construction, with an economy of fuel, and
the tar, ammoniacal, and other products from the distillation of the coal are
collected in a condition which renders them more readily available for use. Each
oven according to this Invention is in the well known form of a long narrow
chamber or coppé of brickwork, and a number of these are built side by side with
partition walls between them sufficiently thick to contain flues. Flues are also
formed under the floor of each oven, and at one end of these is a fireplace consisting
of a fire grate and ash pit with suitable doors, the fire door having fitted above it a
nozzle through which air and gas produced from the coking are admitted to form a
flame over the fuel burning on the grate. The products of combustion pass from
the fire place along a flue under the oven floor to the end farthest from the fire;
they return along another fluo under the floor to the fire end; they then ascend by
a flue in the partition wall to the uppermost of several flues formed therein, and
descend in a zig-zag direction along these flues, finally passing into a horizontal
channel leading to a chimney. Thus the coke oven is heated not only at the
bottom in the usual manner, but also at the sides, and the coal with which it is
charged becomes rapidly and completely coked, whilst the principal part of the
heat of the fuel and gas consumed at the fireplace is utilised. The ovens are fed
with coal by openings in the roof over which the coal trucks are run on rails, and
the coal is evenly distributed by rakes introduced at end openings provided with
doors, faced with refractory material, that can be closed and tightly luted while the
oven is in operation. The feed holes in the roof are also provided with covers that
are closed tightly. Through the middle of the roof rises a gas pipe provided with
a hydraulic valve, which closes the passage by a lip projecting down from it into an
annular cavity surrounding its seating, in which it is immersed in a portion of tar
and ammoniacal liquor lodged there during previous distillation. The products of
the coal distillation which come off in gaseous form rise by the gaspipe, and are led
through a range of pipes kept cool by external wetting, so that the tar and
ammoniacal liquor become condensed and separated from the combustible gas.
These cooling pipes are conveniently arranged in pyramidal form surmounted by a
water pipe having numerous holes, so that a shower of water descending on the
uppermost of the cooling pipes and on the outerinost is scattered over all their
surfaces. The gas when separated from the condensed materials is passed through
scrubbers or vessels containing coke moistened by the ammoniacal liquor, which
being repeatedly used becomes stronger and stronger until it reaches saturation,
when it is run off into reservoirs to be treated in the ordinary way for the pre-
paration of ammonia and its compounds. The gas being sufficiently purified is led
by pipes to the nozzles at the fire places of the ovens where it is burnt.
It is preferred to employ exhausters to draw off the gaseous products of
distillation, and when these are employed the hydraulic valves of the ovens that
are open for charging and discharging have to be carefully closed in order to prevent
admixture of air with the combustible gases.

page_text: side or partition walls; Fig. 3 is a plan on the line X, X, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is
a longitudinal section through one of the ovens; Fig. 5 is a transverse section
through the cooling pipes shewing the pyramidal arrangement thereof; M is the
fire place from which the products of combustion pass by flues a, b, o, under the
floor of the oven F1 to ascending flues d, e, formed in the side and partition walls,
whence they pass by zig-zag flues e, f, g, h, i, j, in these walls to the descending
flue j, k, whence they are conducted by the horizontal flue L to the chimney shaft.
Feeding holes B (which can be tightly closed by covers) are provided through the
crown of the oven, and for convenience of feeding the fuel supply may be brought
over these holes in trucks running on rails, as shewn in Fig. 4. Through the
the crown of each oven rises the gas pipe P branching into a valve box X in which
there is a valve V that can be lowered over a lip T projecting upwards, so that
there is a liquid seal for the valve. When the valve V is raised, as shewn in
Fig. 4, the gaseous products of the coking pass by the pipes R and U to suitable
exhausters, being cooled on their way by passing through coils of pipe exposed to
currents of air or water. These coils are with advantage arranged in pyramidal
form, as shewn at Fig. 5, and wetted by water issuing by numerous perforations
from a pipe Q placed above the highest length of the pipe coil. The cooling effected
by the passage of the gaseous matters to and fro through this coil effecta con-
densation of the tar and ammoniacal liquor, which are allowed to flow into vessels
where they are separated by settlement. The uncondensed gases pass from the
exhauster through scrubbers consisting of columns of coke, which are moistened
with some of the ammoniacal liquor separated from the tar, the liquid thus being
rendered stronger by farther condensation from the gas during its passage through
the scrubbers. From the scrubbers the gas is led by a pipe S' and branches N
provided with stop-cocks n to nozzles Y, opening into the fire places above the fuel.
Air enters by tuyers along with tho gas at the nozzles Y, and the mixed gas and
air produce flame above the fuel on the fire grate. The flame passing along the
flues above described heats both the floors and the sides of the ovens, so that the
coking proceeds with uniformity and rapidity.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
I claim,―
First. The construction of coke ovens with heating flues in their side walls, as
well as under their floor, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Second. Arranging the coils of pipes employed for cooling the gaseous products
from coke ovens in pyramidal form with a perforated water pipe above them,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Simon, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty second day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.