Improvements in Apparatus for Raising Nap on Textile Fabrics
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1897--Accepted, 1st Jan.,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in Apparatus for Raising Nap on Textile Fabrics."
I JAMES SCHOFIELD of Stubley Hall, Littleborough, in the County of Lancaster,
Fustian Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows.
My Invention has reference to raising machines employed to raise a nap on
textile fabrics as is well understood and relates particularly to the construction of
the raising cylinders of such machines.
These raising cylinders are usually revolving drums the periphery of such
drums consisting of a ring or series of revolving raising rollers covered with card
clothing.
This cylinder or drum of raising rollers is revolved in one direction and the
raising rollers arranged around and constituting the periphery of such drum, are
caused to revolve at a higher speed in a contrary direction that is to say in a
direction which is the reverse of the direction of revolution of the cylinder.
Thus as the fabric passes over the cylinder or is drawn around thereby it is
acted upon by the revolving raising rollers so as to raise or teasle the face of such
fabric.
According to my invention the raising cylinder is as follows.
Upon a shaft which is adapted to be revolved in bearings carried by the framing
of the machine I fix a drum or cage and I form or provide the periphery of this
drum with several depressions or recesses these depressions or recesses extending
across the width of the drum.
I employ raising rollers of the ordinary description covered with card teeth a...<
I arrange that such rollers shall revolve practically within the depressions or
recesses formed in the drum, only so much of the raising roller card surface
projecting beyond the periphery of the drum as will efficiently perform the raising
operation.
Thus the raising rollers are partially enclosed or boxed in by such depressions
or recesses so that when the machine is at work very little draught is set up.
The shafts of the raising rollers are supported in adjustable bearing brackets
carried on the sides of the drum so as to allow of adjustment of the rollers relatively
to the surface of the drum.
On one end of each raising roller shaft I fix a spur pinion about the same
diameter as the raising roller or of any other convenient size and these spur pinions
engage with a stationary internally toothed rack wheel so that when the drum
is caused to turn in one direction the raising rollers while being carried round in
the drum are revolved on their own axes at a high velocity in a contrary direction.
The fabric to be operated upon is led to and away from the raising cylinder
over and under suitable guiding rollers and bars, and to increase the grip upon the
cloth when under the action of the raising rollers, and to brush or raise the cloth
between the raising rollers, I secure strips of card clothing to the spaces of drum
surface between the raising rollers.

page_text: I make no claim to the method of driving the raising rollers by the pinions
and fixed internally toothed wheel nor do I confine myself to the method of so
driving the raising rollers.
In order to vary the speed of the raising rollers relatively to the drum I might
form the fixed rack wheel with more than one ring of internal teeth side by side
and of different diameters. I would also furnish the shafts of the raising rollers
with separate or differential pinions corresponding to the different rack rings, and
by causing one pinion or the other to engage with its corresponding rack ring
the speed of the raising roller is correspondingly altered. By the same means
I could create differences in speed between the respective raising rollers, or by 1
externally toothed rack rings in combination with the internal rack rings I might
cause certain of the raising rollers to revolve in one direction and certain of them
to revolve in the other direction.
I JAMES SCHOFIELD of Stubley Hall, Littleborough, in the County of Lancaster,
Fustian Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings.
My Invention has reference to raising machines employed to raise a nap on
textile fabrics as is well understood and relates particularly to the construction of
the raising cylinders of such machines.
These raising cylinders are usually revolving drums the periphery of such
drums consisting of a ring or series of revolving raising rollers covered with card
clothing.
This cylinder or drum of raising rollers is revolved in one direction and the
raising rollers arranged around and constituting the periphery of such drum, are
caused to revolve at a suitable speed in a contrary direction that is to say in a
direction which is the reverse of the direction of revolution of the cylinder.
Thus as the fabric passes over the cylinder or is drawn around thereby it is
acted upon by the revolving raising rollers so as to raise or teasle the face of such
fabric.
In producing a cylinder according to my invention I provide a revolvable drum
formed with a number of depressions or pockets and I arrange that the raising
rollers shall revolve practically within such depressions or pockets.
My invention will be readily understood and ascertained from the following
description when read in conjunction with the annexed two sheets of illustrative
drawings.
In the said drawings:

page_text: ON SHEET 2.
Fig. 5 is a side view of a raising machine which I have designed to embody my
improved raising cylinder.
Fig. 6 is a view of Fig. 5 taken at right angles looking in the direction of
the arrow, the upper framing being ommitted for want of space in the drawing.
In carrying my invention into effect I provide a shaft a capable of being revolved
in bearings a¹ formed in the framing a³ of the machine. Upon this shaft I mount
a drum or cage b and I form or provide the periphery of this drum or cage with
a number of depressions, pockets or recesses c these depressions or pockets extending
across the width of the drum as more clearly seen in Figs. 2 and 6.
I employ raising rollers d of the ordinary description covered with card clothing
and I arrange that such rollers shall revolve within the depressions or pockets c
formed in the drum, only so much of the, raising roller card surface projecting
beyond the periphery of the drum or cage as will efficiently perform the raising
operation.
Thus the raising rollers are practically sunk below the periphery of the drum.
or cage and are partially enclosed or boxed-in by the walls which constitute the
pockets or depressions as is quite apparent from Fig. 3.
By reason of the raising rollers being so enclosed or shut in very little draught
is set up by the machine when at work.
I might if thought desirable use a drum cut or formed with openings around
its periphery so as to receive and carry the raising rollers as is indicated in Fig. 4
but I prefer the enveloping depression.
To increase the grip of the cylinder upon the cloth when under the action of the
raising rollers and to brush or raise the cloth between such rollers, I secure strips
of card clothing e to the spaces of drum surface extending between the raising
rollers.
These strips or sheets of card clothing e are tacked or secured in any suitable
manner to the said spaces around the drum face.
The shafts of the raising rollers d are preferably supported in adjustable
bearing brackets 9 bolted to the ends of the drum so as to allow of adjustment of
the rollers d relatively to the surface of the drum b.
The brackets in the upper part of Fig. 1 are omitted to show more clearly the
sunk raising rollers.
To drive the raising rollers I might under one arrangement fix a spur pinion
of any convenient size upon one end of each of the raising roller shafts. These.
spur pinions would mesh or engage with a stationary internally toothed rack wheel
so that when the drum is caused to turn in one direction by driving the fast
pulley 3 the raising rollers while being carried around in the drum are revolved
on their own axes at a high velocity in a contrary direction.
In order however to vary the speed of the raising rollers relatively to the drum
I prefer to have a fixed rack ring with more than one ring of internal teeth side by
side and I have illustrated this form of rack in the drawings.
For operating on heavy goods and to equalise strain I have found it advisable
to use two rack rings. These rack rings are marked and have two sets of rack
teeth h h the ring being of slightly less diameter than the ring h¹. These
fixed racks are preferably formed in two halves the lower half being bolted to
the framing a² whilst the upper half is bolted to the lower half as clearly indi-
cated in the drawing.
On each end of each raising roller shaft I key or otherwise secure a boss i and
this boss is formed with or carries differential pinions adapted to gear with
the racks 2 respectively. The pinions have say 10 teeth whilst the pinions ??
have only 9.
In the drawing the pinions are shown engaging the racks h¹.
By shifting the bosses so as to cause the pinions to gear with the racks h
a greater surface speed can be imparted to the raising rollers for a given speed of re-
volution of the drum b. If it should at any time be necessary for any reason to throw

page_text: any raising roller out of action the pinions and boss may be readily knocked clear
of the rack teeth into the annular race or channel h* so that the particular roller
ceases to be positively actuated.
To facilitate access to the pinions I might hinge one end of the upper half of
the rack ring and secure the other end by swing bolts.
In some cases if thought desirable I might by using externally toothed rack
rings in combination with internal rack rings cause certain of the raising rollers
to revolve in one direction and certain of them to revolve in the other direction.
In order to remove any fluff or fly which might tend to accumulate about the
machine I form the frame of the machine with openings or outlets a through
which fluff and fly is sucked or drawn away by the exhausting action of a fan.
The raising rollers, comparatively speaking, are always clear and do not require
constant stripping as is the case in other machines consequently I do not require
to provide any special means for effecting stripping.
I will now follow the fabric in its passage through the machine. The machine
is shown of considerable width and is adapted to act on two pieces of fabric of
average width at one and the same time.
The fabric to be operated upon is first led over the stenting bar j, and then
under the bark to the roller covered with card clothing, thence under the bar m
after which it passes over the revolving raising cylinder where it is acted upon
by the rapidly revolving raising rollers so as to effect the raising.
Passing from the cylinder the fabric is drawn under a bar n and goes from the
bar n to the overhead rollers o, p through the folder q all as clearly indicated in
the drawings.
I have found my machine very efficient for raising heavy goods such as fustians
as the "neps" which exist in such fabrics and tend to cause stabbing of the
fustian in the after operation of cutting are to a great extent removed or loosened
by its use.
I am aware that raising rollers have heretofore been driven by means of pinions
meshing with a fixed internally toothed rack.
The sunk raising rollers might be driven otherwise than by spur pinions &
racks.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1) In apparatus for raising a nap on fabrics a cylinder, drum, or ring pro-
vided with and carrying a series of countersunk raising rollers so arranged with
relation to the cylinder, drum or ring as that only so much of the teasling surface
of the raising rollers as will efficiently perform the raising operation projects
beyond the periphery of such cylinder, drum or ring substantially as set forth.
2) The cylinder b, formed with a number of depressions pockets or recesses c,
and carrying a series of concentrically disposed raising rollers d housed within
such depressions, pockets or recesses and having the attached strips of card e, the
whole arranged and acting in the manner by the means and substantially as herein
set forth and shown.
3) The general construction, arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the improved raising machine as herein set forth and shown.
Dated this 9th day of November 1807
E. K. DUTTON & Co.
Chartered Patent Agents 5 John Dalton Street Manchester.