IMPROVEMENTS APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER WINDOWS
Year: 1865

page_text: County of Chester, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES, AND OTHER WINDOWS."
Sealed the 6th February 1866. and dated the 1st November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kay Farnworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents. with his Petition, on the
1st November 1865.
I, JOHN KAY FARNWORTH, of Alderley Edge, in the County of Chester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "INFROVE.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND
OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the windows of railway and other carriages,
but it may be applied to other windows, and it consists in an improved
arrangement of parts for opening, closing, and retaining in the desired position
such windows. In performing my Invention I apply a rack to each side or
edge of the window, and a catch to take into each rack; these catches arc
released from the racks simultaneously by a double lever or tumbler actuated
by a handle and cords, bands, or chains, or by other suitable means. The
window is counterbalanced in the ordinary manner, consequently as soon as
the catches are disengaged from the racks the window will open or close, as
desired, according to the purpose for which the fittings have been specially
applied; or the racks and catches above described may be applied to windows

page_text: that are not counterbalanced and that are raised in the usual manner, or in
the manner described in the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent applied
for by me on the 28th day of June 1865, No. 1718, and that are allowed to
drop by their own gravity when the side catches are released. I make my racks
with double flanges to clip the window frame, which will enable me to con-
struct the teeth of the rack wider than the frame, and by making the catch
of the same width I thus not only increase the strength of the rack and catch,
but also obtain a guide or stay, and by this means prevent the shaking and
rattling of the windows. I also make the racks without such flanges.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Kay Farnworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KAY FARNWORTH, of Alderley Edge, in the County of Chester, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letter's
Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Kay Farnworth, Her special license that I, the said
John Kay Farnworth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Kay Farnworth, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPкоVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING
THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER WINDOWS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Kay Farnworth, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kay Farnworth, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: e performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):--
My Invention is applicable to the windows of railway and other carriages.
may be applied to other windows, and consists in an improved arrangement of
parts for opening, closing, and retaining in the desired position such windows.
In performing my Invention apply a rack to each side or edge of the
window with the horizontal part of the teeth upwards, and catches in the
frame of the window, one to take into each rack; these catches are released
from the racks simultaneously by a double lever or tumbler actuated by a
handle and cords, bands. or chains, or by other suitable means. The window
is counterweighted by a preponderating weight or weights, consequently as
soon as the catches are disengaged from the racks the window will open or
close, as desired, according to the purpose for which the fittings have been
specially applied; or the racks and catches above described may be applied to
windows that are not counterbalanced and that are raised in the usual
manner, or in the manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me on the Twenty-eighth day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five, Number 1718, and that are allowed to drop by their own gravity
when the catches are released from the racks. I make my racks with a slot
or groove up the centre from end to end, and by fixing a bead or tongue on
the frame of the carriage door in the groove up and down which the window
slides I not only obtain a guide or stay which prevents the rattling of the
window, but I also reduce the friction to a minimum: nevertheless I also
make my racks without such slot or groove, and then I also dispense with the
bead or tongue. 1 sometimes also make my racks with grooves on the reverse
side in or by which the glass is embedded or clipped, and they being screwed
or otherwise fastened at the bottom to a rail of wood working up and down the
interior of the panel of the door invisibly I dispense with the usual window
frame, and thus a sheet of glass only presenting itself to the eye the elegance
of the carriage is much enhanced, and the cloth or velvet which disfigures
private carriages, retains dust, and requires constant renewal, is not required.
When my Invention is applied to domestic or similar windows it operates
as a self-acting fastening, so that the window cannot be left closed and un-
fastened, nor can it be unfastened from the outside. Moreover the top sash,
though so high as to be out of reach (as, for instance, in a law court), may be
opened and closed with the greatest facility.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.

page_text: Figure is an elevation, and Figures 2 and 3 are sections of a carriage
door and window constructed according to my Invention. In these views a
is the framing; b, the outer panel. and c, the inner panel of the door, between
which the window d slides up and down in the side grooves e; the racks g
are attached to or formed in the frame or sash of the window d, which is
raised by the preponderating weight attached to the strap o, passing over
the roller p, as in counterbalanced windows of the usual construction. The
window or sash d is prevented from rising by the catches q. shewn detached.
in Figures 3*, which are jointed to the fulcrum studs r. The handle jis
fixed to a stud j', to which is also fixed the double lever or tumbler ³, con-
nected by the links s to the catches q, which are pressed into gear with the
racks by the springs t, as shewn in the Drawing, or by springs or buffers of
india-rubber acting on the upper part of the catches q. By turning the
handle partly round in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1, both the
catches are released from the racks simultaneously, as shewn by the
dotted diagonal lines, and then the window is closed or partially closed as
desired by the descent of the preponderating weight n as soon as the
handle is released the springs or their substitutes acting on the catches g
press them into gear with the racks to prevent the further rising of the
window. In opening the window it is only necessary to press on the top of
the window frame with sufficient force to overcome the weight n. the ratchet
racks forcing back the catches during the descent of the window.
The detached views Figures 4 and 5 represent a portion of the side racks. g
and the centre guide or stay e', which is secured to the framing a of the door
in the groove e: the midfeather. bead, or tongue of the guide or stay e¹ fits
in a groove in the rack to prevent the shaking or rattling of the window.
Figure 6 is an elevation, and Figure 7 a section of a carriage door con-
structed according to a modification of my Invention; in these views instead.
of the roller p I employ two pulleys p'. over which pass the cords or bands o¹,
supporting the preponderating weight n. In order to obtain a direct lift the
cords or bands o' are attached to brackets : projecting from the under side
of the window frame d, and grooves are cast in the weight n, as shown. by
dotted lines, to allow these brackets to pass.. I wish to observe that springs
of vulcanised india-rubber or other springs may be used instead of the weight
to raise the window.
Figures 8 and 9 represent the mode of applying my Invention to the sashes
of windows in dwelling houses and other buildings. In these views d
represents the lower sash of the window, and the upper sash; to each side
of the sash d is fixed a rack g, and to the framework in which the sashes

page_text: move up and down, are fixed the fulcrum studs r for the two pair of catches g.
one pair of which are held in gear with the racks by springs as above
described. The upper sash is also provided with a pair of racks g² and a
pair of catches q. which are connected to one pair of the catches q by the
links, cords, or chains a. The catches q take into reversed notches at the top
of the upper racks g. and serve only as fastenings to prevent the lowering
of the top sash. The catches q and one pair of the catches q are released
simultaneously from the reversed notches in the top sash and from the racks g
by the tumbler and links s, and by the elbow levers v, and upright links,
cords, or chains and the second pair of catches q are released simultaneously
by the tumbler, and by a second set of links s, elbow levers », and links,
cords, or chains c. The sash d is raised and opened by the preponderating
weights when the catches q are withdrawn from the racks g, and it is drawn
down and closed by hand in the usual way, and the upper sash can be drawn
down by hand when the catches of have been released by partly turning the
tumbler, and that sash is raised and shut when the second set of catches q
are released from the racks g by the preponderating weights n².
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described several
modes of carrying the same into operation, I wish to observe that I do not
limit myself to the details set forth. as the arrangements may be modified
according to the dimensions of the windows and the particular object for
which they are intended; but I claim,-
First, the general arrangements of the parts shewn and described for
raising windows or window sashes by preponderating weights in combination
with apparatus for fastening, securing, and releasing windows or sashes,
whether closed or open, or partially closed or open. .
Secondly claim the mode described and shewn in Figures 4 and 5 for
guiding windows or sashes in combination with ratchet toothed racks.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kay Farnworth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
(L.S.) JOHN KAY FARNWORTH.