IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS USED FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND WHEN PUMPING OTHER LIQUIDS, AND ALSO IN BOTTLING FLUIDS
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MAYO, of Silver Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer of Mineral
Water, send greeting.
WHEREAS He present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fust day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, in the tenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Mayo, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that 1, the said William Mayo, my
exois, adññors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Mayo, my
exors, adors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years thei ein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS USED FOR
SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND WHEN PUMPING OTHER LIQUIDS, AND ALSO IN BOTTLING
FLUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
William Mayo, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: william mayo, do hereby
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say.-
My Invention consist.-
First, of improvements in the manufacture of aerated liquids by employing
stoneware apparatus for generating the gas used for making such liquids.
Secondly, my Invention consists of manufacturing acrated liquids in vessels
made of stoneware, and of improvements in apparatus used for such manu-
And,
facture, and when pumping other liquids
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for bottling
fluids.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me
'
The first part of my Invention consists of using apparatus made of stone
pottery ware in the manufacture of carbonic acid gas used in making aciated
liquids, thus avoiding the use of metal heretofore employed in constructing the
machinery.
Figure 1 shows an clevation of an apparatus suitable for producing carbonic
acıl gas, to be used in making of aerated liquids, and Figure 2 shews a
section of the lower part of the apparatus by which the agitator employed can
'he seen.
I would state that although the arrangement or shape of the vessel
'shewn at Figures 1 and 2 is very convenient for the purpose, I do not confine
myself thereto, as the shape may be vaned. a, a, is tho vessel having a long
neck. This vessel and neck I prefer to make of several pieces, and grind the
'elges together, or use a washer, and then combine the parts together by
placing around the parts to be joined, as at b, a die suitable to receive molten
tin or lead, which will securely hold the parts together, or the parts may be
Joined by sockets, the one part being made to fit into the other, as when
making joints in stoneware for other purposes. c is an agitator, which is also
This axis turns in a
mado of stoneware, having an axis d of stoneware.
bearing at e within the vessel a, as shewn, and the axle at its other end passes
through a stuffing box f, as shewn. g is a valve which closes the opening
into the bottom of the vessel a, and it also closes the opening through the
tube h. The object of the tube his to facilitate the cleaning out of the
vessel a 2 is a branch pipe, which rises into the gasometer so that the upper
part of the pipe will be just above the water in the gasometer. j is a valve
"

page_text: which prevents the gas flowing back from the gasometer when the vessel a is
opened The carbonate of lime and the water is put into the vessel a though
the upper part of the neck, the stopper 1 being introduced afterwards to stop
the opening. The acid is gradually dropped in from the stone or glass vessel
by raising the bulb thereof slowly by turning it on its neck as an axis. By
this arrangement it will be seen that the liquids and the ingredients used will
not come in contact with other material than stone pottery ware, by which
the greatest punity will be obtained and the apparatus itself not injuriously
acted on.
I will now describe the second and thund parts of my Invention, which relate
to pumping apparatus used when making acrated liquids, and in bottling the
same.
Figure 3 shows an elevation of a machine for preparing and bottling aerated
liquids, and also for removing the air from the bottles before running in the
liquid. Figure 4 is an end view. Figure 5 the opposite end view
shows an elevation of the machine partly in section.
Figure 6
Figure 7 shows a front, and Figure 8 a side view of apparatus when bottling
in ordinary soda-water bottles. A, A, is the framing of the machine, the
nature of which is clearly shown in the Drawings. a is the vessel in which
the aerated liquids are produced. In this instance the vessel a is cylindrical,
but may be of other form. It is made of stone pottery ware, a', a', being the
two ends which are ground to the ends of the cylinder a. The centre
portions of the ends a¹ project so as to enter into and fit the cylinder, and the
ends are fixed to the cylinder by the two metal rings b, which are supported
by legs, and which are drawn together by the screw bolts b', as shewn, and to
ensure the joints being fluid-tight washers of leather or other material may be
introduced between the surfaces. The axis of the stirrer passes through one
of the covers or ends a², the other end of the axis being supported in a recess
on the interior of the other end cover, as is shewn by the section. 7 is a
safety valve m, a pressure guage. The water or liquid to be aerated is
introduced through the pipe n, and the gas is introduced through the pipe o
into the pump p, which is of stone pottery ware, and such is the case with
respect to the plunger p³, which works through cup leathers p³.
over ps at the end of the cylinder is also made of stoneware, and bas
formed in it the passages to and from the pump cylinder, as shown, and the
connecting pipe q, between the pump and the cylinder a, is of stoneware.
p and p are the induction and eduction valves of the pump. The manner
of combining the parts of the pump and the connections are clearly shown by
the Diawings, and it should be stated that the interior of the cylinder of the
The

page_text: pump and the surface of the plunger are lapped to gind the surfaces tiue.
'The apparatus is arranged to have flavoring matter introduced, when desired,
to each bottle, for this purpose the vessel r is applied to the vessel a, there
being two stopcocks r¹, r, between the vessel a and the vessel r, and a gia-
duated glass, so that a measured quantity of the flavoring matter may be run
into the bottle about to be filled, the lower stopcock r¹ being closed when the
upper cock is opened to run in the flavoning material from the vessel r into
the graduated glass; and the cock 7 is to be closed when the lower cock r' is
to be opened, to allow of the measured quantity of flavoring material flowing
into the bottle. The pipe and cocks and parts above mentioned are of stone-
wa10. s is a valve, which I prefer to be of silver, which opens inwards, the
stem being moved by the lever s¹. t is the tube, by which the aerated fluid is
allowed to flow from the vessel a into a bottle, the end of the tube shown in
Figures 3 and 4 being suitable for filling the fountain. Vase bottles, such as
described under my former Patent, and the connections at s¹, are made by
applying flanches of metal, having projecting rings, which pass into recesses
formed near the ends of the tubes, such flanches being sciewed together as
shewn. In Figures 7 and 8, the tube t is suitably arranged for botting
aerated liquids into ordinary soda-water bottles. vis a branch pipe, leading
from the pipe t to an au pump, which may be of any suitable material, but I
prefer it to be of stoneware, and the pipe v also. u is the cover of the air
pump, in which the induction passage u¹ and eduction passage u³ are made, as
shewn. u³, u, are the induction and eduction valves. w is the piston, which
is made of two parts, the upper being fixed to the rod by tin run into the
recess, and the lower piece is fixed on the 10d by the sciew nut w³, the cup
leather being fixed between the two parts of the stoneware piston. is the
eduction passage for the air. y is a valve for opening a passage between the
bottle or vessel at the end of the pipe t and the air-pump; motion is given to
the pistons of the two pumps by means of the cranked axis, which icecives
motion from any suitable power, and motion is communicated to, the axis of
the stirior by a strap, which is driven by a drum on the axis, as shown.
The tube t, in Figures 7 and 8, is shown suitably airanged for running tho
liquid into ordinary bottles; and a suitable bottling 'apparatus is connected to
the pipe, such bottling apparatus having a conical opening for receiving the
cork, and a stand for the bottle capable of being raised and lowered by a
treadle
I would state, that the bottling apparatus is not of itself new; I do not
therefine claim the same, but its connection with stoneware apparatus is new.
1 would remark, that the constructing pump bariels, cylinder ends or coveis,

page_text: plungers, piston rods, and connections of stoneware, will be found useful when
pumping liquids which act injuriously on metal.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the details shown and described so long
as the peculiar character of my Invention be retained, and I would state, that
I use the stoneware made in Staffordshire for my Invention, and I have found
that the description of stoneware made by Mess" Ridgeway and Abington, of
Hanley Pottery, Staffordshire, the best for the purpose. What I claim is,-
First, the using of apparatus a with stirrer and parts made of stoneware,
for the generating of carbonic acid used in the manufacture of aerated
liquids.
Secondly, I claim the making of aerated liquids in vessels made of stone-
ware, and also the manufacture of pumps used in the manufacture of aerated
liquids, with their cylinder covers, plungers, pistons, and connections of stone-
ware; and such improvements of pumps will be found applicable for other
purposes. And,
Thndly, I claim the arrangements of apparatus for bottling, the connections
and paits conducting the liquid being of stoneware
In witness whiccof, I, the said William Mayo, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fust day of June, in the year of our Loid One
thousand eight hundied and forty-seven.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of June, in the year of
our Lord 1847, the aforesaid William Mayo came before our said Lady the
Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.