IMPROVEMENTO TV MADE CHRONO E 33
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Philcox, Chronometer Maker, 3,
Winchester Buildings, City, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTO TV MADE CHRONO
E
33
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Philcox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th November 1852.
I, George Philcox, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE CHRONOMETERS AND OTHER TIME
KEEPERS" to be as follows:-
A new escapement, by which means the blow is given in the line of
centres; consequently there is less friction than in other escapements
now in use: Also the application of a peculiar train expressly
adapted for my escapement, by which means I obtain correct time
without the use of chain and fusec, and all instruments can shew
dead half seconds.
I also claim a new compensating balance, more simple and less
expensive to make than the balances now used: Also a new method
of springing marine and pocket chronometers, by two springs in

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Philcox in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE PHILCOX, of 3, Winchester Buildings, City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Philcox, Her
special licence that I, the said George Philcox, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Philcox, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE CHRONOMETERS AND OTHER TIME
KEEPERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Philcox, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Philcox, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say:
Figure 1, represents a drawing of the new compensating balance;
letter (A), a plain steel or brass balance; (B), the compensating
arms, composed of brass and steel in the usual proportions, screwed
on to the balance by one or two screws (c); (F) an eccentric screw
to adjust the compensating arms in extreme cold temperatures; (E),
the adjusting or regulating screws; (a) the adjusting weights of
balance; (g) the velute duometrical springs as pinned to, shewn in
diagram, Figure 3, being another application of the double spring
more fully explained in the patent cylindrical double spring.
Figure or Plate 2, shows a side view of a new constructed marine
chronometer with patent duometrical springs, each requiring to be
of the same length and strength; as, by the application of them to
marine or pocket chronometers of the first class, the error in extreme
of temperatures, caused by the expansion and contraction of springs
now used, is totally eradicated, and can only be accomplished by the
principle I adopt. I do not in my escapement confine myself to any
particular number of levers; finding I obtain a better rate with my
fifth wheel, I recommend its use; having, in using the going barrel,
my motive
power closer to the centre, the irregularity, if any, of the
spring is not felt in the going of the watch. Persons having an
objection to the fifth wheel, I would recommend for half seconds a
nine cut lever for the escapement. It will also be found the universal
lever escapement (the name I give to my escapement) is less
affected by tremour or motion than any other now used, consequently
better adapted for railroad or ship time keepers than others.
Figure 4, shews the compensating balance with the new application
of the double convelute springs as pinned instead; (6) a diagram of
the propelling lever and detaining roller in lever and locking; (d),
the impulse lever; (c), detaining lever; (f), locking point. Figure 7,
diagram, shows the first impulse or blow given in the line of centre;
8, the second blow in line of centre. By this principle I get rid of
much rubbing surface, consequently much less friction than in other
cscapements. Figure 9, shows the staff with ruby roller; 9, the ruby;

page_text: (B), the staff. Figure 5, a section of the escapement; a, the balance;
b, the staff or impulse lever; E, escape pinion; f, locking; G;
ruby. 10, a calaper for two-day railroad time-keeper, or pocket
watch; (No. 11), a side view of the same. Figure 12, shows a
diagram of a new compensating pendulum or application as applied;
(a) a steel rod in two parts; B, a piece of brass or other metal made.
in the circular form described and made fast by screws or rivet;
C, a hammered steel ram, one third the length of pendulum rod; -E,
two screws to adjust the compensation; the rod when once adjusted
will continue one uniform length in all temperatures; F, the
pendulum ball; G, the regulating; screw, fixed by screw to centre
of ball adjusted by nut, the screw passing through (H), a stud fixed
in to the rod. This pendulum will be found much less expensive
than the mercurial pendulum, and the compensating properties more
correct than any other I have used.
I believe I have fully explained the nature of my Inventions..
My claims are as follow: The marine, chronometer. being a
combination of my Inventions as shown in drawing. In the escape-
ment I only claim the impulse or method of giving and receiving.
the blow. I also claim the peculiar train adapted for ny escape-
inent in obtaining half seconds with the fifth wheel. I also claim:
the application or construction of the balance, Figure 1, and also
the method of jewelling the staff with a solid ruby or other stone.
instead of a hollow roller as now used; also the application of the
double convelute springs shewn, Figure 4; the application of the
compensating propertys as applied to the pendulum, Figure 12:
I have now described to the best of my ability the nature of my
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Philcox, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
שומה זוזומ Caddn