An Improved Method of Exposing Photographic Sensitive Paper, Tissue, or Films.
Year: 1885

page_text: An Improved Method of Exposing Photographic Sensitive Paper,
Tissue, or Films.
I, SAMUEL DUNSEITH MCKELLEN 18 Brown Street Manchester Watch Manu-
facturer Jeweller and Camera Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPOSING PHOTOGRAPHIC SENSITIVE
PAPER TISSUE OR FILMS to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method of exposing photographic sensitive
paper tissue or films which for brevity I call " paper." This paper can be manu-
factured in bands of sufficient length to contain a large number of portions of any
given size. This band of paper is rolled upon a cylinder and when using the paper
it is caused to wind on another cylinder, both cylinders and paper being enclosed
in a dark casing or box or dark slide in such positions that when the paper is
passing from one cylinder to another it passes in front of an aperture in the box
or dark slide through which the photographic image is thrown upon it after which
the exposed portion is rolled on the receiving cylinder and another portion is. thus
brought in front of the receiving aperture.
In my invention a tension spring is made to act on the discharging roller so as
to insure the paper being always tightly stretched between the two rollers the
force of the tension always tending to resist the unwinding of the paper. This
roller may have a slit cut lengthways so that the end of the paper may pass
through it when the roller or cylinder closes on it & holds it or the paper may
have its inside end doubled to prevent drawing through the slit or any other
method of preventing it from slipping out may be adopted.
The cylinder having the paper rolled thereon is placed in the dark slide the
outer end of the paper is similarly attached to another cylinder also placed inside
the dark slide in such a position that the paper passing from one roller to another
must pass in front of the exposing aperture in the dark slide.
The slide may be made with two exposing apertures as in ordinary double dark
slides and the two rollers or two pairs of rollers may be employed therein.
The receiving roller is acted on by a click or pawl which prevents the paper
from being unwound by the force of the tension spring and at the proper time a
stop or catch acts on the receiving roller or on mechanism connected therewith
and prevents the receiving roller from being wound any further than is absolutely
necessary to wind the exposed portion on it.

page_text: "
This stop acts in many ways automatically amongst others this method will
serve "viz" on the end of one of the rollers or on an independent roller over which
the paper is made to pass is placed an arrangement which at a given number of
revolutions shall cause the click to take into the receiving roller or its connexions
Or by preference I adopt this method "viz' The paper is perforated at given
distances corresponding to the sizes of the portions of paper so that when the
perforations have passed into a certain position a finger or pointer or end of a lever
shall drop into a perforation and so cause the stop to come into action If the
former arrangement is adopted then it will be easy to adapt an arrangement so
that the point of a perforator shall penetrate the paper or otherwise a distinct
mark shall be made upon it to show the position of the pictures on the paper.
An index is provided which shows the numbers of exposures which have been
made and this index is made with two pointers one of which is moved by the
revolving of the cylinder and moves the other which being inert moves forward
but remains at the point where it was last carried to when the movable pointer
is moved back.
By this means the paper may be rewound on the discharging roller and the
correct number of exposures will still be indicated by the inert pointer.
Attached to or forming part of the length of sensitive paper or placed in the
slide independently there may be a portion of semi transparent material which
will act as a focussing screen, or inside the slide there may be a ground glass
which shall act for the same purpose and a portion of the paper may be cut out 80
when the cut out part is opposite the latter may be focussed upon.
The dark slide may form part of the camera the rollers with the sensitive paper
are enclosed in light tight casings the paper passes through narrow slits which
allow them to pass but exclude light from the rolls of paper when not in front of
the exposing aperture. Thus the use of a dark shutter in the slide is rendered
unnecessary.
A bent glass may be placed in the slide & the paper caused to pass behind it
working closely over its convex surface thus allowing the focus to be obtained on
-the paper by means of a larger stop than could be done on a flat glass. The
tension spring may be in connexion with the receiving roller and the click and
ratchet on the discharging roller Or an arrangement similar to a musical box
work of wheels and fan may be used to automatically wind the paper on the
receiving roller and this latter arrangement might be applied to the working of
panoramic cameras in connexion with paper exposures.

page_text: Tissue, or Films.
I SAMUEL DUNSEITH MCKELLEN of 18 Brown St. Manchester Watch & Clock
Manufacturer & Camera Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPOSING PHOTOGRAPHIC SENSITIVE
PAPER, TISSUE OR FILMS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved method of exposing photographic paper,
or tissue or films which for brevity I term paper and which I hereinafter refer to
as paper.
This paper may be manufactured in bands of sufficient length to contain a large
number of portions of any required size The band of sensitive paper is wound
upon a cylinder called the discharging roller and when using the paper after the
exposure is made it is caused to wind on another called the receiving cylinder, both
cylinders being placed in a dark slide in such a position that when the paper is
being passed from one cylinder to another it passes in front of an aperture in the
dark slide where it rests till the exposure is made after which it is rolled on the
receiving cylinder and another portion is thus brought in front of the exposing
aperture.
In my invention one, two or more springs are made to press against the teeth of
a star, ratchet, or spur wheel. attached to the end of the discharging roller in such
a position that they are always tending to force it backwards as it is being moved
forwards at the same time they are so placed that the star wheel may be turned in
either a forward or backward direction as may be required for winding the paper
on or off the roller These I call the tension springs One of these springs is made
a little longer than the other so that the points of the ratchet teeth shall pass thein
alternately thus ensuring that there shall be always one spring pressing upon the
wheel and maintaining the tension This roller is fixed at one side or end of the
dark slide and inside thereof The sensitive paper is rolled thereon and attached
by its outer end to another roller (the receiving roller) which may be fixed in any
convenient place in the slide in such a position that the paper passing from one
roller to another shall pass in front of the exposing aperture in the dark slide.
(The slide may be made with two exposing apertures as in ordinary double dark
slides and either one or two sets of rollers may be used therein) When the
required amount of paper is wound on the receiving roller a catch is automatically
made to fall into contact with the receiving roller or with a ratchet thereon which
prevents its receiving any more paper than the proper quantity. At the same
time that this automatic stop action takes place and during the time when the
winding is being done a click falls into the teeth of a ratchet also connected with
the receiving roller and prevents its running back thus keeping the paper well
stretched from roller to roller.
"
viz'
"
The automatic stop action may be worked in various ways as follows
notches may be made in the paper and a lever carrying the stop pressing against
the paper is held up so that the stop is out of the way of the receiving roller or its
ratchet: When the paper in passing brings one of its notches or apertures to the
end of the lever it allows it to fall through and simultaneously the catch which is

page_text: attached to the lever falls into contact with the aforesaid receiving roller or
ratchet.
By preference I adopt the following mode of effecting my purpose-The paper in
its passage from one roller to another is made to pass over a cylinder whose diameter
is invariable and which is caused to revolve by the paper passing over it. This
roller or cylinder carries a pinion which gears into a wheel, and the pinion and
wheel are so proportioned that one turn of the wheel represents the passage of one
portion of the paper On the surface of the wheel I form a ridge. A lever which
carries the automatic stop rests against this ridge and so long as the ridge is a
complete circle the lever is removed from contact with the receiving roller But
the ridge has a notch cut in it so that when the wheel has travelled round once the
end of the lever falls into this notch and the automatic stop is thus allowed to
drop into its place in contact with the teeth of the receiving roller ratchet. Any
further winding is thus rendered impossible until the operator lifts the lever out
of its contact with the ratchet and out of the notch in the ridge of the wheel.
A recorder is provided which has a certain number of divisions marked thereon,
cach of these divisions represents one portion of paper. Suitable mechanism is
made to move the recorder forward one division each time the stopping apparatus
comes into action or the same effect may be produced by moving the recorder by
hand.
Attached to or forming part of the sensitive tissue there may be a portion formed
of transparent or translucent material which may be wound in front of the exposing
aperture and used as a focussing screen.
I provide suitable cams or other means to throw all of the clicks & catches out
of working position so that I can at pleasure wind or unwind any part of the paper
back or forwards from roller to roller as required.
I attach a spring to the under side of the shutter of the dark slide, this spring
carries a point of lead or other convenient substance which shall draw a line down
the side of the aperture on the paper thus marking the divisions between the paper;
or the spring may carry a spur which shall make a line of punctures in the paper;
or the shutter may be made to cause one or more points to press into the paper,
when being drawn out & pushed in to its place again.
The dark slide may be made as part of the camera so that by the use of the
transparent paper a ground glass is rendered unnecessary.
I divide my slide into two three or more spaces so that there shall be a space
not occupied by the rollers which may serve to contain an extra supply of sensitive
paper to replace that which after exposure shall be withdrawn from the rollers.
The rollers are each formed of an external tube in which is fitted an internal
tube or cylinder. The external tube is slotted from end to end so that the end of
the paper may be inserted The internal tube or cylinder may be fitted closely
into the outer & slotted or may be made to work eccentrically in either case by
inserting the paper in the slot & turning the inner tube or cylinder into a proper
.position the paper will be clipped tight between the outer and inner circles.
The automatic locking action may be made to work in connexion with the
discharging roller if required or desired or with any auxilliary roller but I prefer it
as I have described it as by connecting it with the receiving roller any undue strain
is prevented from being put upon the paper.
The automatic indicator may be worked by a train of wheels worked by the
pinion on the end of the roller or on the end of any other roller which I chose to
use for that purpose but I prefer the method I have described in this foregoing
description.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I now describe the accom-
panying sheet of drawings reference being made to the figures and letters marked
thereon Similar letters refer to similar parts through the several views.
Fig. 1 represents the front view and Fig. 2 end view of a dark slide showing the
discharging and receiving rollers c & c¹ with sensitive paper d attached: To the
end of receiving roller c ratchet wheels c and f are attached and also a wheel or
C

page_text: key y by which to revolve the receiving roller c¹-The lever h which is fulcrumed
at i is formed with a projection j to work into the ratchet wheel e-When the
operator requires to revolve the receiving roller c¹ for the purpose of rolling on the
paper d, the projection j on lever his withdrawn from ratchet wheel e as shewn in
figures 3 and 11 by means of the handle and the forked end ¹ is also simul-
taneously raised from a recess in ring q formed on the face of toothed wheel m-
on the other end of the lever a hook jis pivoted and is kept always in contact
with the dial by a spring. The same movement of the lever h causes the hook j¹
to drag or move the dial through one division thus recording the number of
exposures made.
The paper which has been exposed now passes through the aperture n over
roller o to the receiving roller c¹ The friction of the paper on roller o causes it to
revolve when by means of the pinion p attached to the end of the roller o the
wheel m is revolved.
The end h¹ of lever now rests on the ring q until one revolution is completed
when it again enters the recess 7, and simultaneously the projection j. falls into the
teeth of the ratchet wheel e thereby locking the receiving roller so that no more
paper can be wound on until the projection j. is withdrawn from the ratchet wheel e
and the number of the exposure is recorded by the dial r.
8. 8 are tension springs acting on star or ratchet wheel t: u the click acting on
ratchet wheel f connected with end of receiving roller c¹.
Fig. 4. is transverse section of a dark slide. Fig. 5 is side view, Fig. 6 end view,
Fig. 7 longitudinal section, and Fig. 8 transverse section of either a discharging or
receiving roller.
In tliese views the internal tube or cylinder w is made to work escentrically.
Figs. 9 and 10 represent the internal tube fitting closely to the outer tube or
cylinder. The end of the paper d is inserted in the slot and the inner tube w
being turned round clips tightly the end of the paper.
h³ is a cam for keeping the lever h out of action when not required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1st The method of obtaining the tension by means of the springs & and star
wbeel T as described.
2nd The power to use two exposing apertures as in the ordinary double dark-
slide.
3rd The automatic stopping or locking of the winding apparatus by mechanism
actuated by the movement of the paper substantially as herein before described.
4th A visible recorder or index worked either automatically or by hand to shew
the number of exposures.
5th Making the dark slide so as to form part of the body of the camera.
6th Dispensing with the focusing screen by using transparent or translucent
paper opposite the exposing aperture.
7th Utilising the movement of the slide shutter B¹ in opening and closing, to
mark the divisions between the pictures.
8th Providing extra spaces in the slide to contain an extra supply of paper.
9th Attaching the paper to the rollers by causing the ends to be clipped between
an external slotted tube and an internal slotted tube or cylinder as shewn in
figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 8th day of January 1890, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Tissue, or Films.
I. SAMUEL DUNSEITH MCKELLEN 18 Brown Street Manchester Watch Manu-
facturer Jeweller and Camera Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPOSING PHOTOGRAPHIC SENSITIVE PAPER
TISSUE OR FILMS to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method of exposing photographic sensitive
paper tissue or films which for brevity I call "
paper." This paper can be manu-
factured in bands of sufficient length to contain a large number of portions of any
given size. This band of paper is rolled upon a cylinder and when using the paper
it is caused to wind on another cylinder, both cylinders and paper being enclosed
in a dark casing or box or dark slide in such positions that when the paper is
passing from one cylinder to another it passes in front of an aperture in the box
or dark slide through which the photographic image is thrown upon it after which
the exposed portion is rolled on the receiving cylinder and another portion is thus
brought in front of the receiving aperture.
In my invention a tension spring is made to act on the discharging roller so as
to insure the paper being always tightly stretched between the two rollers the
force of the tension always tending to resist the unwinding of the
This
paper.
roller may have a slit cut lengthways so that the end of the paper may pass
through it when the roller or cylinder closes on it & holds it or the paper may
have its inside end doubled to prevent drawing through the slit or any other
method of preventing it from slipping out may be adopted.
The cylinder having the paper rolled thereon is placed in the dark slide the
outer end of the paper is similarly attached to another cylinder also placed inside
the dark slide in such a position that the paper passing from one roller to another
must pass in front of the exposing aperture in the dark slide.
The slide may be made with two exposing apertures as in ordinary double dark
slides and the two rollers or two pairs of rollers may be employed therein.
The receiving roller is acted on by a click or pawl which prevents the paper
from being unwound by the force of the tension spring and at the proper time a
stop or catch acts on the receiving roller or on mechanism connected therewith
and prevents the receiving roller from being wound any further than is absolutely
necessary to wind the exposed portion on it.

page_text: "
";
This stop acts in many ways automatically amongst others this method will
Serve "viz on the end of one of the rollers or on an independent roller over which
the paper is made to pass is placed an arrangement which at a given number of
revolutions shall cause the click to take into the receiving roller or its connexions
Or by preference I adopt this method viz The paper is perforated at given
distances corresponding to the sizes of the portions of paper so that when the
perforations have passed into a certain position a finger or pointer or end of a lever
shall drop into a perforation and so cause the stop to come into action If the
former arrangem't is adopted then it will be easy to adapt an arrangement so
that the point of a perforator shall penetrate the paper or otherwise a distinct
mark shall be made upon it to show the position of the pictures on the paper.
An index is provided which shows the numbers of exposures which have been
made and this index is made with two pointers one of which is moved by the
revolving of the cylinder and moves the other which being inert moves forward
but remains at the point where it was last carried to when the movable pointer
is moved back.
By this means the paper may be rewound on the discharging roller and the
correct number of exposures will still be indicated by the inert pointer.
Attached to or forming part of the length of sensitive paper or placed in the
slide independently there may be a portion of semi transparent material which
will act as a focussing screen, or inside the slide there may be a ground glass
which shall act for the same purpose and a portion of the paper may be cut out so
when the cut out part is opposite the latter may be focussed upon.
The dark slide may form part of the camera the rollers with the sensitive paper
are enclosed in light tight casings the paper passes through narrow slits which
allow them to pass but exclude light from the rolls of paper when not in front of
the exposing aperture. Thus the use of a dark shutter in the slide is rendered
unnecessary.
A bent glass may be placed in the slide & the paper caused to pass behind it
working closely over its convex surface thus allowing the focus to be obtained on
the paper by means of a larger stop than could be done on a flat glass. The
tension spring may be in connexion with the receiving roller and the click and
ratchet on the discharging roller Or an arrangement similar to a musical box
work of wheels and fan may be used to automatically wind the paper on the
receiving roller and this latter arrangement might be applied to the working of
panoramic cameras in connexion with paper exposures.
Dated this 17th day of July 1885.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
An Improved Method of Exposing Photographic Sensitive Paper,
Tissue, or Films.
I SAMUEL DUNSEITH MCKELLEN of 18 Brown St. Manchester Watch & Clock
Manufacturer & Camera Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXPOSING PHOTOGRAPHIC SENSITIVE
PAPER, TISSUE OR FILMS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved method of exposing photographic paper,
or tissue or films which for brevity I term paper and which I hereinafter refer to
as paper.
This paper may be manufactured in bands of sufficient length to contain a large
number of portions of any required size The band of sensitive paper is wound
upon a cylinder called the discharging roller and when using the paper after the
exposure is made it is caused to wind on another called the receiving cylinder, both
cylinders being placed in a dark slide in such a position that when the paper is
being passed from one cylinder to another it passes in front of an aperture in the
dark slide where it rests till the exposure is made after which it is rolled on the
receiving cylinder and another portion is thus brought in front of the exposing
aperture.
In my invention one, two or more springs are made to press against the teeth of
a star, ratchet, or spur wheel attached to the end of the discharging roller in such
a position that they are always tending to force it backwards as it is being moved
forwards at the same time they are so placed that the star wheel may be turned in
either a forward or backward direction as may be required for winding the paper
on or off the roller These I call the tension springs One of these springs is made
a little longer than the other so that the points of the ratchet teeth shall pass them
alternately thus ensuring that there shall be always one spring pressing upon the
wheel and maintaining the tension This roller is fixed at one side or end of the
dark slide and inside thereof The sensitive paper is rolled thereon and attached
by its outer end to another roller (the receiving roller) which may be fixed in any
convenient place in the slide in such a position that the paper passing from one
roller to another shall pass in front of the exposing aperture in the dark slide.
(The slide may be made with two exposing apertures as in ordinary double dark
slides and either one or two sets of rollers may be used therein) When the
required amount of paper is wound on the receiving roller a catch is automatically
made to fall into contact with the receiving roller or with a ratchet thereon which
prevents its receiving any more paper than the proper quantity. At the same
time that this automatic stop action takes place and during the time when the
winding is being done a click falls into the teeth of a ratchet also connected with
the receiving roller and prevents its running back thus keeping the paper well
stretched from roller to roller.
The automatic stop action may be worked in various ways as follows "viz"
notches may be made in the paper and a lever carrying the stop pressing against
the paper is held up so that the stop is out of the way of the receiving roller or its
raichet. When the paper in passing brings one of its notches or apertures to the
end of the lever it allows it to fall through and simultaneously the catch which is

page_text: attached to the lever falls into contact with the aforesaid receiving roller or
ratchet.
By preference I adopt the following mode of effecting my purpose-The paper in
its passage from one roller to another is made to pass over a cylinder whose diameter
is invariable and which is caused to revolve by the paper passing over it. This
roller or cylinder carries a pinion which gears into a wheel, and the pinion and
wheel are so proportioned that one turn of the wheel represents the passage of one
portion of the paper On the surface of the wheel I form a ridge. A lever which
carries the automatic stop rests against this ridge and so long as the ridge is a
complete circle the lever is removed from contact with the receiving roller But
the ridge has a notch cut in it so that when the wheel has travelled round once the
end of the lever falls into this notch and the automatic stop is thus allowed to
drop into its place in contact with the teeth of the receiving roller ratchet. Any
further winding is thus rendered impossible until the operator lifts the lever out
of its contact with the ratchet and out of the notch in the ridge of the wheel.
A recorder is provided which has a certain number of divisions marked thereon,
cach of these divisions represents one portion of paper. Suitable mechanism is
made to move the recorder forward one division each time the stopping apparatus
comes into action or the same effect may be produced by moving the recorder by
hand.
Attached to or forming part of the sensitive tissue there may be a portion formed
of transparent or translucent material which may be wound in front of the exposing
aperture and used as a focussing screen.
I provide suitable cans or other means to throw all of the clicks & catches out
of working position so that I can at pleasure wind or unwind any part of the paper
back or forwards from roller to roller as required.
I attach a spring to the under side of the shutter of the dark slide, this spring
carries a point of lead or other convenient substance which shall draw a line down
the side of the aperture on the paper thus marking the divisions between the paper;
or the spring may carry a spur which shall make a line of punctures in the paper;
or the shutter may be made to cause one or more points to press into the paper,
when being drawn out & pushed in to its place again.
The dark slide may be made as part of the camera so that by the use of the
transparent paper a ground glass is rendered unnecessary.
I divide my slide into two three or more spaces so that there shall be a space
not occupied by the rollers which may serve to contain an extra supply of sensitive
paper to replace that which after exposure shall be withdrawn from the rollers.
The rollers are each formed of an external tube in which is fitted an internal
tube or cylinder. The external tubo is slotted from end to end so that the end of
the paper may be inserted The internal tube or cylinder may be fitted closely
into the outer & slotted or may be made to work eccentrically in either case by
inserting the paper in the slot & turning the inner tube or cylinder into a proper
position the paper will be clipped tight between the outer and inner circles.
The automatic locking action may be made to work in connexion with the
discharging roller if required or desired or with any auxilliary roller but I prefer it
as I have described it as by connecting it with the receiving roller any undue strain
is prevented from being put upon the paper.
The automatic indicator may be worked by a train of wheels worked by the
pinion on the end of the roller or on the end of any other roller which I chose to
use for that purpose but I prefer the method I have described in this foregoing
description.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I now describe the accom-
panying sheet of drawings reference being made to the figures and letters marked
thereon Similar letters refer to similar parts through the several views.
Fig. 1 represents the front view and Fig. 2 end view of a dark slide showing the
discharging and receiving rollers & c with sensitive paper d attached : To the
end of receiving roller e ratchet wheels e and are attached and also a wheel or

page_text: key g by which to revolve the receiving roller c¹-The lever which is fulcrumed
at i is formed with a projection ; to work into the ratchet wheel e- -When the
operator requires to revolve the receiving roller c¹ for the purpose of rolling on the
paper d, the projection; on lever his withdrawn from ratchet wheel e as shewn in
figures 3 and 11 by means of the handle k and the forked end is also simul-
taneously raised from a recess in ring q formed on the face of toothed wheel m―
on the other end of the lever a hook is pivoted and is kept always in contact
with the dial by a spring. The same movement of the lever à causes the hook j¹
to drag or move the dial through one division thus recording the number of
exposures made.
The paper which has been exposed now passes through the aperture n over
roller o to the receiving roller c¹ The friction of the paper on roller o causes it to
revolve when by means of the pinion p attached to the end of the roller o the
wheel m is revolved.
The end of lever now resis on the ring q until one revolution is completed
when it again enters the recess 4, and simultaneously the projection j. falls into the
teeth of the ratchet wheel e thereby locking the receiving roller so that no more
paper can be wound on until the projection j. is withdrawn from the ratchet wheel e
and the number of the exposure is recorded by the dial ».
8. s are tension springs acting on star or ratchet wheel t : u the click acting on
ratchet wheel connected with end of receiving roller c.
Fig. 4. is transverse section of a dark slide. Fig. 5 is side view, Fig. 6 end view,
Fig. 7 longitudinal section, and Fig. transverse section of either a discharging or
receiving roller.
In these views the internal tube or cylinder w is made to work escentrically.
Figs. 9 and 10 represent the internal tube fitting closely to the outer tube or
cylinder. The end of the paper d is inserted in the slot and the inner tube w
being turned round clips tightly the end of the paper.
is a cam for keeping the lever h out of action when not required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. The method of obtaining the tension by means of the springs-s-and star
wheel T as described.
2nd. The power to use two exposing apertures as in the ordinary double-dark-
slide.
3rd 1st. The automatic stopping or locking of the winding apparatus by mechanism
actuated by the movement of the paper substantially as hereinbefore described.
4th 2nd. In a roller slide for photographic films a visible recorder or-index worked
either automatically or by hand to shew the number of exposures.
5th Making the dark slide so as to form part of the body of the camera.
6th. Dispensing with the focusing sereen by using transparent or translucent
paper opposite the exposing aperture.
th. Utilising the movement of the slide shutter B'-in opening and closing, to
mark the divisions-between the pictures.
Sth. Providing extra spaces-in-the-slide to contain an extra supply of paper.
0th Attaching the paper to the-rollers by causing the ends to-be-elipped between
an-external-slotted tube and an internal slotted tube or cylinder as shown in
figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, and 10.