IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS USED IN DRAWING OR MARK- ING WITH CRAYON, "BLACK LEAD," OR OTHER SUCH MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Thompson, of Marchmont Street, Russell
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS USED IN DRAWING OR MARK-
ING WITH CRAYON, "BLACK LEAD," OR OTHER SUCH MATERIALS."
Sealed the 5th August 1856, and dated the 18th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1856.
I, GEORGE THOMPSON, of Marchmont Street, Russell Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS USED IN DRAWING OR MARKING
WITH CRAYON, 'BLACK LEAD, OR OTHER SUCH MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Such instruments or apparatus as heretofore used have mostly been formed
to receive short lengths of the crayon, "black lead," or other such material,
which, when used up, had to be replaced by another such short length, or they
have been formed to receive a considerable length of such crayon, "black
lead," or other such material (or several short lengths following each other as
one longer length); and with either of these latter kinds of holders, of which
there are several varieties, the crayon, "black lead," or other such material
has been simply passed into a groove or recess formed in the case or holder.
And my improvements consist in providing an internal metal tube for such
cases of the form of the crayon, "black lead," or other such material to be
employed.
I form such internal tube with a slit in the direction of its length for the
passage of the forcer, by which to move forward the crayon, "black lead," or
other such material for use, as the point of it becomes worn away. The

page_text: outer end of the tube, or that at which the crayon, "black lead," or other
such material projects for use is slit in several places, to admit of an elastic
holding of the point of the crayon, "black lead," or other such material.
The cross section of this internal tube may be of a polygonal, hexagonal, or
other foure according to the shane or form of the material used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Thompson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
THOMPSON, of Marchmont Street, Russell Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Thompson, Her special licence that I, the said George Thompson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Thompson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR
APPARATUS USED IN DRAWING OR MARKING WITH CRAYON, BLACK LEAD,' OR OTHER
SUCH MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Thompson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Thompson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
Such instruments or apparatus as heretofore used have mostly been formed
to receive short lengths of the crayon, "black lead," or other such material,
which, when used up, had to be replaced by another such short length of such

page_text: crayon, "black lead," or other such material (or several short lengths following
each other as one longer length), and with either of these latter kinds of
holders, of which there are several varieties, the crayon, "black lead," or other
such material, has been simply passed into a groove or recess formed in the case
or holder.
And my improvements consist in providing an internal metal tube for such
cases of the form of the crayon, "black lead," or other such material to be
employed; and, when required, I form such internal tube with a slit in the
direction of its length for the passage of the forcer, by which to move
forward the crayon," "black lead," or other such material for use, as the point
of it becomes worn away. The outer end of the tube, or that at which
the crayon, "black lead,' or other such material projects for use is slit in
several places, to admit of an elastic holding of the point of the crayon,
"black lead," or other such material. The cross section of this internal tube
may be of a polygonal, hexagonal, or other figure, according to the shape or
form of the material used.
carry the
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I
same into effect, may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the Draw-
ing annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows an external view of one of the instruments complete, con-
structed according to my Invention; Figure 2 shows the internal tube sepa-
rately, with the forcer therein, for forcing out the lead or other marking
material contained in the tube; Figures 3 and 4 show two end views of the
same;. Figure 5 shows a separate sectional view of the internal tube; and
Figure 6, separate views of the forcer. a, a, is the outer case, which may be
of wood, ivory, or a preparation of caoutchouc, known as patent hardened
caoutchouc, metal, or other suitable material, bored or formed internally to
receive the internal tube, the sectional Figure of which I prefer to be sex-
angular, but this may be varied to an oval or other form, though in all cases
the "black lead," or other material to be used therewith, must be of the same
sectional form with the interior of the tube b. The internal tube 6 has affixed
to it the nozzle b', and it has a slit or opening 62 extending along one surface
of it, in which the fin c of the forcer or propeller c¹ moves when propelling
out the "black lead or other marking material used. The fin c may be con-
nected to an outer ring or ferrule d, as shown by dotted lines, such ring or
ferrule then being the means of communicating power to the propeller, and
also to effect a frictional pressure or tension upon the outer casing; but when
I do not use a ring, I prefer to form the propeller with slits at one end, or

page_text: otherwise, so as to effect a slight frictional pressure or tension when in use
against the internal passage of the case or tube. The outer end 63 of the
tube 6 is slit on opposite sides, with a tendency for the parts to incline some-
what inwards, so as easily to press against and thereby exercise tension upon
the "black lead" or other marking material whilst being forced out of the
tube and in use. The outer tube or case has a ring or ferrule a', to hold the
parts together, when such tube or case is formed of wood, ivory, the prepara-
tion of caoutchouc referred to, or such like materials, and there is also in such
outer tube a a slit as in it corresponding with that in the tube b. Figure 7
shows a modification of the arrangement already described, in which the tube b
only extends partially into the case or outer tube a, which, in this case, may
be of ivory, the preparation of caoutchouc referred to, wood, or other suitable
material, formed internally as a continuation of the tube 6. When using this
b.
arrangement of holder, the nozzle 6' is formed with a screw, by which more
readily to attach it to the ferrule a', with capability of its being withdrawn for
the purpose of its being replenished, when necessary, with the marking
material used. I prefer, in this case, that the fin c be connected to a sliding
tube d, so as to prevent its displacement by the yielding of the outer tube a.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mann
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shown and described, so long as the peculiar
character of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is, the manufacture
of instruments or apparatus to be used in drawing or marking with crayon,
"black lead," or other such material, with internal tubes 6, and parts in com-
bination therewith, as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Thompson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JA D. TAYLOR,
28, Great James Street,
Bedford Row.
GEORGE THOMPSON. (L.S.)