matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEVILLED OR CONVEX IRON WASHERS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1865.
I, GEORGE CARTER, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Smith, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BEVILLED OR CONVEX IRON WASHERS, AND IN MACHINERY TO
BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to washers plain on one side and convex on the other
side, and provided with a conical hole in the middle, the wider end of the said
hole being situated on the convex face of the washer. The said washers are
employed in ship building and for other purposes, and are generally used with
bolts, the ends or heads of which are rivetted into the conical holes in the
said washers. The said washers are usually made by the use of stamps and
cutting tools worked at a press, the stamp being employed to form the convex
surface and the conical depression in the middle, and the press and cutting
tools to complete the hole in the middle by cutting out the bottom of the
depression, and to cut the external edge of the washer.
My Invention consists, firstly, in forming the said washers from bars of
heated iron operated upon by the machinery herein-after described, so as to
produce in the said bars the figure of a series of partly made washers joined

page_text: together by a thin web or connection, and provided with depressions at their
centres to be afterwards formed into holes. After the bars of iron have
been rolled into the forms described the partly made washers are cut out
and the bottoms of the depressions removed by means of a press and cutting
tools.
My Invention consists, secondly, of machinery for forming the bars of iron
into a series of partly made washers constructed in the following manner:-
The said machinery consists of a pair of rolls, the upper one of which is a plain
cylindrical roll. The lower roll has made upon its cylindrical surface a series
of impressions corresponding in figure to the shape to be given to the bar of
iron operated upon, that is, the shape of a series of partly made washers joined
together by a thin web or connection, and provided with depressions at their
centres; the rolls may be of sufficient length to permit the lower roll having a
series of different sized impressions of the kind described made on it side by side
for manufacturing washers of different sizes. In using the said machinery
the bar of iron from which the washers are to be made is heated to redness and
passed between the rolls, the plain upper roll serving to force the heated iron
into the depressions in the lower roll. The press and cutting tools employed
to cut out the holes in the washers and to finish the said washers are of the
ordinary kind.
STAMPING, PRINTING, OR SIGNING LETTERS, PAPERS, OR OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Fischer and Johann Carl
Wilhelm Maas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th May 1865.
We, CARL FISCHER, a Printer, and JOHANN CARL WILHELM MAAS, an
Engraver, both of the City of Hamburgh, in Germany, at present residing at
the Queen's Hotel, St. Martin's-le-Grand, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "STAMPING, PRINTING, OR SIGNING
LETTERS, PAPERS, OR OTHER OBJECTS," to be as follows:-
It stamps, prints, or signs, when set in motion by any moving power,
letters, papers, or any other objects of equal or different sizes by means of two
cylinders. The lower of these cylinders is moveable upwards and downwards,
to allow objects of different thickness to pass through. The upper cylinder
is supplied with several stamps and needles, all of which start forward, when
the objects to be stamped are through the motion of the machine brought in
contact with them, the needles drawing the objects between the cylinders
without injuring either, and the stamps leaving their impress on the objects.
The stamped objects are then with regularity delivered on a small table,
which moves downward in proportion as it is filled. The machine is therefore
a self-feeding and self-delivering machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARatus POR OBTAINING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT FROM VOLATILE LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wells and Samuel
Marland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd November 1865.
We, WILLIAM WELLS, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, and Samuel
MARLAND, of Clayton, near the City of Manchester, Oil Refiner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARatus
POR OBTAINING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT FROM VOLATILE LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS," to be
as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in causing atmospheric air to pass
over distilled petroleum or other suitable volatile liquids contained in a vessel
to which heat is applied to evaporate the volatile liquid; the atmospheric air
in combination with the vapour of the volatile liquid is inflammable, and can
be conveyed in air pipes to the burners. Our Invention is particularly
beneficial in lighting dwelling houses or ships, but it may be used for other
purposes.
The apparatus we employ consists of a vessel to contain a supply of the
volatile fluid or liquid; this vessel is connected by a pipe with a tap. to.
another vessel containing sponges, or other fibrous or porous substances,
which are kept saturated with the volatile liquid. We prefer to hold. the
fibrous or porous substances down by wire netting or perforated plates. The
top
of this last-mentioned vessel is furnished with a pipe to admit atmospheric
air, and with an outlet pipe connected to the burners; this vessel is placed in
an outer vessel, which is heated by a pipe in communication with the flue or

page_text: chimney of the dwelling house or other establishment to be lighted (or the
heat may be obtained in any other convenient manner), in order that the
volatile liquid may more freely give off its inflammable gases, and these gases
when combined with the atmospheric air produce a brilliant illuminating gas,
equal in power to coal
gas.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND ENGINE DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Cordy Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1865.
I, ARTHUR CORDY EDWARDS, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND
ENGINE DRIVER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for communi-
cating between the passengers, guard, and engine driver of a railway train.
For this purpose I mount on each of the carriages, and by preference under-
neath the body of the same an air pump or similar apparatus for compressing
or forcing air, and to drive the same I arrange that it may be thrown into
gear with the wheels or their axle. By preference I mount a pulley fast on
one of the axles, and arrange a second pulley to be brought into contact with
the periphery of the first; when it is desired to work the pump or compressing
apparatus the second pulley, which is thus driven by friction, is geared with
the moving parts of the air pump or compressing apparatus.
The air pump or compressing apparatus when at work forces air to a whistle
or trumpet, which is thus caused to sound an alarm.
In each compartment of the carriage a pull or similar contrivance is
applied, and this is connected by rods, wires, or otherwise, with the frame or
arm carrying the second pulley above mentioned; thus, by these means, the
two pulleys may be brought into contact, and the whistle or trumpet caused
to sound by any passenger in the carriage acting on the pull or other

page_text: contrivance. In a similar manner the guard may communicate with the
engine driver, using a whistle or trumpet of a different sound if desired.
Connected with the pulls or instruments there may be semaphore or other
signals for the purpose of indicating the particular carriage or compartment of
a carriage from which the alarm has been sounded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SOILS TO PROMOTE GENERAL VEGETATION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spencer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July 1865.
I, THOMAS SPENCER, of 32, Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SOILS TO PROMOTE GENERAL VEGETATION,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the application to soils of so called inagnetic
oxide of iron or mineral or other compounds or mixtures of the same for the
purposes of promoting the growth and improving the character of vegetation.
The conditions and proportions in which this ferruginous substance ought to
be applied to soils for the above purposes I here give as derived from such
experiments as I have been enabled to make on a relatively limited scale
during the last six years, meanwhile I can state that for the purposes of this
Invention I prefer to prepare the magnetic oxide directly from iron ores or
from ores containing iron, or such refuse substances or mixtures as are derived
therefrom, such as iron or steel filings or spent pyritic ores. The manner of
their preparation is in most instances described in my Patent "For the
Treatment of Iron Ores and Ferruginous Sands, and certain Applications
arising therefrom" which bears the date of 23rd June 1858, No. 1415.
The oxide so prepared, or magnetic oxide in its natural state, is to be ground
or crushed into powder and spread over the land in proportions varying from
five hundred weight to three or more tons per acre. The difference in these
quantities arises from the variable nature of the soil, or the character of the

page_text: vegetation requiring to be promoted. The oxide after being spread on the
soil ought to be harrowed or raked into it, as is practised in the case of
sowing of seeds. Although I have found the ferruginous oxide herein named
to be the most powerful agent to promote vegetation, there are kindred oxides
of other metals such as those of nickel, cobalt, and manganese that I find to!
possess a similar property in regard to vegetation, but which from their higher
cost and lower power are less likely to be used for the purposes of this
Invention than the ferruginous oxide I herein name.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN RAILWAY PASSENGERS AND GUARDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Goodlad at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1865.
I, ISAAC GOODLAD, of 33, Edmund Street, Old St. Pancras Road, London,
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN RAILWAY PASSENGERS AND
GUARDS," to be as follows:-
That each vehicle shall carry its own length of wire or other rope, and con-
nections running over pulleys, through the compartments of each vehicle
to a lever in the guard's compartment, on one end of which is a quadrant
working on pin of spring bolt that strikes the gong in guard's van. In each
compartment there is a handle running on the rope, to which is attached a
steel split cotter passing through the roof of vehicle to a spring catch, under
which is laid a small red flag. On a passenger pulling the handle in the com-
partment he will at once strike the gong and draw the split cotter, when the
flag will immediately spring up. To allow for expansion and contraction
the lever in the guard's compartment can be adjusted to any length with
balance weight.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON RAILWAYS.
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Pickin and Richard Bailey, both of Congleton,
in the County of Chester, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON RAILWAYS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Pickin and Richard
Bailey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd August 1865.
We, JOSEPH PICKIN and RICHARD BAILEY, both of Congleton, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND GIVING ALARM ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling passengers to com-
municate with or call the attention of the guard or engine driver of railway
trains, or for establishing communication between guard and driver.
The improvements consist in the use of a vertical sliding bar having a
T-head projecting centrally through the roof of each compartment of railway
carriages, the T-heads of these bars are provided with holes, through which
two cords, chains, or rods pass, and extend the whole length of the train, their
extremities or ends being connected one to a bell or other alarm in the guard's

page_text: van, and the other to a similar apparatus of alarm on the engine, the even
tension of the cord being maintained by a spring or weight attached thereto.
To the ends of the T-headed vertical slide are connected horizontal transverse
sliding bars, supported in bearings secured to the roof of the carriage, the ends
of these bars when at rest project over the edges of the carriage, and support
bolts which are suspended therefrom, also to these bars signals or semaphores
are attached by means of bell-crank levers. The action of the apparatus may
be thus described, the communication between the guard and engine driver
is accomplished by merely pulling the cord, which is supported and slides
through the holes in the T-headed sliding bars, but if a passenger wishes to
communicate the T-headed bar is pulled down by a handle to which it is
connected inside the carriage; immediately this takes place the ends of the
cords are drawn towards each other which gives an alarm at both ends of the
train, and the two transverse sliding bars are drawn inwards or towards the
longitudinal centre of the carriage, the effect of which is simultaneously to
release the bolts, which thereby drop and lock the doors of the compartment
from which the communication was given, and thrown out by means of the
bell-crank levers, a signal or semaphore on each side of the train enabling the
guard at once to ascertain the compartment in which assistance is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FLAX, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Campbell, Samuel M°Kinstry,
and Thomas Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th December 1865.
We, JOHN CAMPBELL, Flax Spinner, SAMUEL MCKINSTRY, Mechanic, and
THOMAS WILSON, Mechanic, all of Mossley Carnmoney, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FLAX,
COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new and improved mode of constructing the
spindles and flyers of such machines, whereby greater facility is attained in
doffing, and the spindles and flyers are made more durable, less costly to
repair, less expensive in the first instance, and, like the method of fixing by a
screw, this Invention will ensure the flyer going home to its proper place with
exactness. The spindle is to be used as usual, excepting the top, which
instead of being screwed or otherwise prepared as at present to receive the
flyer has a pin or stud which projects from the side or sides of the spindle
top and bears on the upper part of the eye of the flyer, and this upper part
having for its surface an inclined plane, the same as a portion of a screw, the
flyer will become bound between the pin or stud and the shoulder of the
spindle, or on the conical top, according as the spindle may be made with a

page_text: taper or with a parallel head. In order to get the flyer on and off the spindle
we make a vertical slot or groove from the lowest point of the said inclined
plane to the bottom of the flyer eye. When it is not desirable, as in roving
flyers, that the spindle top should project above the flyer this inclined plane
or portion of a screw may be cut as a groove in the body of the flyer eye, or
the vertical slot or groove may even be dispensed with by allowing the
inclined plane to commence at the base of the flyer top. The spindle top
has a plain smooth surface except as regards the pin or stud, and the flyer
top is to be bored out to fit the same having a smooth plain hole except the
slot and inclined plane above described. There may also be one or more
pins, slots, and inclined planes. The position of the pin and slot may be
reversed, that is to say, the pin may be fixed in the flyer eye while the vertical
and inclined parts of the slot may be made in the spindle. This fastening of
the flyer to the spindle is in fact somewhat like a bayonet fastening, except
that the vertical slot or groove is not cut through the metal, and the inclined
part which somewhat approaches the horizontal is long in comparison.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR TREATING HIDES FOR TANNING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1865. A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Martz, Chemist,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING OR TREATING HIDES FOR TANNING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the preparation of hides previous
to the tanning operation. After being deprived of the hair by means of lime,
the pores of the hides generally contain lime either in a caustic, carbonic, or
sulphuric form, and also in an insoluble condition. According to this Inven-
tion I eliminate these matters which prevent the hides from being properly
tanned either by obstructing the pores or from the formation by means of the
tan of tannates of lime. This elimination is effected without injury to the
hides by means of a very weak solution of sulphuric acid after depriving the
latter of the iron it contains. The hides are steeped in this solution for a
suitable time, when the whole of the lime, whatever may be its form, is
transformed into sulphuric lime. This latter, which impregnates the pores of
the hides, is decomposed by means of a solution of common salt or chloride of
calcium (NaC12), or a solution of chloride of potassium KC12, or oxymuriate
of potash, said solutions being completely deprived of iron. On this de-
composition being effected I entirely remove the lime or other foreign matter
by washing the hides in pure water.
Manufacturer of Woven Fabrics.
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1865. A communication from abroad by Edmond Dirson, of
15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Manufacturer of Woven
Fabrics.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,.
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANU-
FACTURE OF BARÈGE STUFFS," (a communication to me from abroad by Edmond
Dirson, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Manufacturer of
Woven Fabrics,) to be as follows:-
The barège stuffs which form the subject of this Invention are woven with a
back or ground in a loom, the harness of which is composed of five reeds or
slays and two treadles, and by means of two warps, each distributed on a warp
beam; one of these warps stretches and the other lets go one-half more or less
according to the greater or lesser thickness of the rib it is desired to obtain,
that is to say, that the length of one of the warps must be left more or less
long, according to the thickness of rib required.
Fabrics thus woven possess a decided advantage over those hitherto manu-
factured, inasmuch as they present two effects, producing on one face the rib
or cord, and on the other a back or ground which may be of linen if desired;
further, their manufacture leaves nothing to be desired on the score of strength.

page_text: This manufacture may replace poplins and reps, the manufacture of which is
much more complicated, and consequently more costly; and may also replace
satin or double barège. Lastly, by this method of manufacture other designs
may be added to this barège fabric with back without in any way hindering
the process.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING AND SOLIDIFYING COAL AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Fairburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1865.
I, HENRY GEORGE FAIRBURN, of St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING AND SOLIDIFYING COAL AND OTHER ANALOGOUS SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improved construction of machinery to
be employed in moulding and reducing coal or other analogous substances,
compositions, or otherwise into condensed or concentrated forms for manu-
facturing and other purposes, whereby the said substances or compositions
thereof under treatment may be submitted to a combined and simultaneous
action of heat and pressure by a more direct and continuous process than by
the system at present in use; and consists in the construction and employment
of metallic dies or moulds arranged horizontally upon a solid framework or
bed in connection with a fixed steam cylinder fitted with a piston rod working
through the same, upon each outer end of which, on either or both sides of
the cylinder a compressing plunger is fitted and secured so as to slide freely
within a metallic casing or moulding trunk of rectangular form corresponding
with the shape of the plunger working longitudinally therewith, and in direct

page_text: line of motion with the same, by the action of which an alternating movement
or stroke of the plunger is produced, thereby exerting its pressure upon the
substances aforesaid, admitting at the same time of a supply and discharge
to and from the moulds being maintained through the medium of a trough
and hopper provided with self-acting scrapers for bringing the materials
forward to the mouth of the dyes, a supply of surcharged steam being admitted
to the materials when required by means of pipes or otherwise, as also a
series of intervening plates dividing the substances transversely into blocks,
which are forced through the moulding trunk by the action and pressure of
the plunger along with the fuel, and are again brought forward by hand or
otherwise, and placed or arranged within a vertical column so as to descend
by their own gravity, thus taking their order and position in the moulds as the
plunger is thrust forward and withdrawn. The action of the machinery may
be stated as follows:-In compressing small coal or coal dust for the purposes
of fuel on the compressing plunger being withdrawn a supply of coal is caused
to descend into the mould or die direct from the hopper in which the high-
pressure steam has been previously admitted for softening or rendering the
same sufficiently plastic for being moulded. The plunger is then driven
forward by the action of the steam piston, forcing at the same time one of
the division plates along with the necessary charge of coal, until in like
manner at each stroke the compressed coal or otherwise is admitted and
discharged in succession.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cecil Loftus Wellesley Reade at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1865.
I, CECIL LOFTUS WELLESLEY READE, of Her Majesty's 50th Regiment, of
Parkhurst, Isle of Wight, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in obtaining motive power
by magnetism or gravitation, or both combined, applicable to various useful
purposes, including magnetic or electric clocks. I propose to construct an
iron wheel with radial spokes and central box or hub, which is to be set on a
shaft supported by standards or bearings; on the circumference or outer
periphery of this wheel I apply eight or more tangential hammers or armatures;
they are attached by hinges and are in the forms of arcs to correspond with
the periphery of the wheel. Thus, in whatever position the wheel is placed,
it will follow that all the armatures above the level of a horizontal line drawn
through the diameter of the wheel will be closed or concentric with the
circumference, while the others will be open or in an outward or extended
position, thus creating a leverage and causing the wheel to be out of
equilibrium, that side of the wheel on which the hammers or armatures are

page_text: extended will be borne down, thus bringing over the successive armatures,
and creating a continuous rotary motion, while the ascending armatures will
fall against the opposite side of the wheel, and not exercise any counteracting
leverage to the descending series. The foregoing is an example of the power
of gravitation, but where I desire to aid the motion by electricity or
magnetism, I propose to apply a series of electro-magnets around and outside
the wheel and armatures, whereby the armatures will successively be attracted
during the revolution of the wheel, and thus create a continuous motive
power. By an application of clockwork movement the speed of the wheel may
be easily regulated, and thus the power obtained may be made applicable to
⚫timekeepers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND BY STEAM POWER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pryce William Bowen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
December 1865.
I, PRYCE WILLIAM BOWEN, of Shrawardine Castle, near Shrewsbury, in
the County of Shropshire, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING
LAND BY STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
Instead of constructing locomotive or portable steam engines for agricultural
purposes with a drum or rope-winding cylinder surrounding the horizontal
barrel of the steam boiler, and extending between the fire-box and smoke-box
of the boiler, I construct engines according to the present Invention in the
following manner :-I employ a suitable frame or carriage having either four
wheels as usual (or as usually placed), or a pair of following or hind wheels of
larger diameter, and a small single broad wheel, or a pair of fore wheels of
small diameter, mounted in a fore carriage with steering gear for the greater
facility of turning in a small radius, and upon this carriage I mount securely
a vertical tubular boiler, the lower portion of which projects as much below
the frame as will permit of its clearing the ground. Around this lower portion
of the vertical boiler and beneath the engine frame I mount the drum or rope
barrel, which working or rotating horizontally around the casing of the
boiler is supported by means of a broad flanged ring or kerb piece, and for
the purpose of reducing the friction I interpose antifriction rollers between
the interior of the drum and the exterior of the boiler casing, as also between

page_text: the upper side of the supporting flange and the under side or flange of the
rope drum, or the drum may be suspended at its centre by a pin, stud, or
centre bolt. By this arrangement of the barrel or rope drum I am enabled
to lower the centre of gravity of the entire machine and give additional
platform space. The steam engine cylinder or cylinders may be bolted to the
vertical boiler, and by the intervention of the crank or cranks give motion to
the gearing of the rope drum, as also to the driving wheels for propelling the
engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MINER'S SAFETY LAMP
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Clarke Thorp and
Philip Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th February 1865.
We, RICHARD CLARKE THORP, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Mining
Engineer, and PHILIP YOUNG, of the same Place, Miner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MINER'S SAFETY
LAMP," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in the application of an extinguisher to
the miner's lamp, so constructed and arranged that the top or gauze cover
cannot be removed without extinguishing the flame. A plate in form of a
ratchet wheel is mounted on a pin fixed on one side of and near to the wick
tube, so as to cover the top of the said tube. A hole is formed in this plate
coinciding with the tube, so that the wick can pass through. One or more
spring catches are attached to the interior of the gauze cover, which take into
the ratchet teeth which are formed in suitable direction, so that when screwing
on the covers the catches slip over without acting thereon, but when unscrewing
the cover they turn the plate and thereby remove the hole from over the tube,
and thus extinguish the flame before the cover can be removed.
Secondly, in the application of a glass shield or cover to the bottom part of
the gauze so as to prevent currents of air from blowing or acting on the flame

page_text: through the gauze, also in having the gauze above the glass cover double, or
having a gauze cap or cover to extend down to the top of the glass cover as
additional security or prevention of the flame within the lamp igniting any
surrounding explosive gases.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR ENVELOPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Panmure Ribton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1865.
I, HERBERT PANMURE RIBTON, of Tivoli Place, Kingstown, in the County
of Dublin, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved fastening to be applied to the flaps
of envelopes, which fastening is partly an adaptation of the ordinary metal
eyelets employed in joining leather and parchment, but of a much lighter
make and flatter and broader. The objects to be attained are the prevention
of the delay and insecurity attendant upon the ordinary methods of securing
envelopes by means of gum, wafers, or sealing wax. In carrying out this
Invention it is proposed to attach to the under flap of an envelope a small
metal eyelet, a flat metal ring being secured to the outer flap so as to
correspond to and close over the eyelet. This ring may either be concealed
in the paper or placed on the outside thereof, in which latter case it may be
made of an ornamental character. The closing of the eyelet over the ring
may be effected by means of a pair of pincers, a punch, or small hammer or
mallet adapted for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TANKS, BATHS, MANGERS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Headly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1865.
I, EDWARD HEADLY, of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TANKS, BATHS, MANGERS, AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
I construct my improved troughs, baths, tanks, mangers, cisterns, and other
like containing vessels with a body of sheet or thin plate iron, or other sheet
metal, which I bend to the shape required; this body presents an oblong or
trough-like shape without ends, on each edge of this trough-like form I place
an iron tube in which I leave a narrow slit throughout its length, which
receives the edge of the sheet iron trough, thus providing it with. a large
rounded edge and enclosing the sharp edge of the sheet metal; the metal
tubes are the same length as the body part, and are screwed internally at
each end to receive a bolt or screw; to complete the trough I add ends of cast
iron or other material, in which there are grooves to receive the ends of the
sheet metal body, said ends being secured thereto by screws and nuts and taking
into the ends of the tubes before mentioned, I further rivet screwed bolts near
the lower part of the sheet-iron body, these screws pass through the cast-iron
ends, and which are forced and held up by suitable nuts. The cast-iron ends
may be furnished with feet to stand on, or means of fixing in position desired,
and also with handles for lifting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAISSONS FOR CLOSING THE ENTRANCES OF DOCKS AND CANALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1865.
I, HENRY LAW, of 15, Essex Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CAISSONS FOR CLOSING THE ENTRANCES OF DOCKS AND CANALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in so constructing the caisson employed for closing
the entrance of a dock or canal that, while greatly increasing the facility with
which it can be removed from the dock entrance when required, it shall be
attached or connected to the entrance piers by a species of hinge joint, so as
to act as a flap or hinged valve, and this I effect in the following manner :-
Instead of introducing the caisson into a groove in the dock entrance, I place
it against the external face of the same, and I adjust the relative positions of
the centre of gravity and the centre of displacement so that the caisson shall
float with its inner face inclined towards the dock entrance at the top, and
away from it at the bottom, in such a manner that when the caisson is made
to approach the entrance for the purpose of closing it, the inner face of the
caisson shall touch the upper part of the dock entrance before it touches the
lower parts, thus rendering it impossible for the bearing surfaces of the caisson
to catch or lodge upon the dock sill. I further attach to the two upper corners
of the caisson, on its inner face, two powerful hooked or similar instruments,
and I construct upon each entrance pier of the dock recesses formed for the

page_text: reception of these hooks or instruments. These parts are so adjusted that
when the caisson is placed across the dock entrance, and in contact at the
upper parts with the same, the hooks or instruments shall be vertically above
the recesses in the piers. Upon admitting water into the body of the caisson
to sink it, these hooks or instruments will as it descends enter the recesses in
the piers, and so connect the caisson and the piers of the dock entrance in
such a manner that the former becomes hinged to the latter, and the further
sinking of the caisson by the continued admission of water into it causes the
caisson to assume a position less and less inclined to the piers, until it finally
comes into contact with the piers and the sill or lower portion of the dock
entrance, and thus effectually closes the same. Suitable packings, such as
vulcanized india-rubber, are applied between the contact surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE RECEPTION OF COIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julian Moses Abrams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1865.
I JULIAN MOSES ABRAMS, of the Firm of I. E. Woolf and Company,
of 51, Moorgate Street, in the City of London, Merchants, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
RECEPTION OF COIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for the reception of coin. This improved
apparatus is applicable for the reception of fares of passengers in omnibuses
and other public conveyances, and of cash. in theatres, shops, and other public
or private establishments; and it is constructed with a view to prevent fraud or
robbery on the part of conductors or other persons employed. The apparatus
consists of a receptacle divided into two compartments, an upper and a lower,
by a sliding or moveable partition fitted with or acted on by a spring. The
upper compartment has one or more openings at its upper part to admit coin,
and it is fitted or formed with an inclined plane leading in a direction from
such openings to the sliding partition. The partition is opened or drawn
outward from outside the receptacle, but it is so arranged that it can only be
opened to a very slight extent, that is to say, to form a very narrow opening
or passage sufficient to allow a coin to pass from the upper to the lower
compartment. One or more of the slides of the upper compartment may be

page_text: formed of glass or transparent material to allow inspection of its contents.
The lower compartment, which is preferably a drawer, is fastened by a lock, the
key of which is retained by the proprietor of the money or the officer appointed
to take charge of it. When a coin is inserted through the opening it will
slide down the inclined plane to the bottom thereof, and when the partition is
opened the coin will drop into the lower compartment, wherefrom it cannot
be removed until the latter be unlocked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING TRACTION ON RAIL- WAYS AND ROADS WHERE TRACTION IS USED
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Edward Donovan and
Daniel O'Brien at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th May 1865.
We, RICHARD EDWARD DONOVAN, of Court Duffe, Castleknock, in the County
of Dublin, Ireland, Gentleman, and DANIEL O'BRIEN, of the City of Dublin,
Ireland, Salesmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING TRACTION ON RAIL-
WAYS AND ROADS WHERE TRACTION IS USED," to be as follows:-
In the present mode of effecting traction on railways or roads by locomotive
or traction engines, the requisite power of traction is obtained by means of the
friction of the driving wheels of the locomotive or traction engine upon the
rails or road. Such friction is proportionate to the weight of the locomotive
or traction engine, and consequently in order to obtain great power of traction
it is requisite to make the locomotive or traction engine very heavy, necessitating
increased outlay in the construction of the engines, as also of the rails or road,
as the latter have to be made proportionately stronger to withstand the increased
wear and tear, and even the strongest forms of rails are rapidly worn out under
the present system.
Now our Invention has for its object to render the power of traction wholly
or partially independent of the weight of the engine, and consists in causing
the driving or traction wheels to be pressed by means of springs, compressed
air, steam, or other suitable power, in such a manner against rails, bars, chains,
projections, or surfaces fixed to or formed on the road or permanent way, that

page_text: such pressure is wholly or partially independent of the force of gravity. For
this purpose the driving wheels are by preference placed in a horizontal or
slanting position, and are kept pressed against the side surfaces either of the
ordinary rails of railways or of a bar or bars or projections fixed between the
rails or upon common roads, the axles of the wheels being so arranged as to be
capable of yielding to the pressure of the spring or other power employed for
forcing the wheels against the rails. Or the driving wheels may be placed in
a vertical position, as heretofore, and pressed by spring or other power upon
either the upper or under surface of the rails, the locomotive or traction engine
being in that case provided with other wheels acting upon the opposite surfaces
either of the same or other rails, so as to afford the requisite resistance to the
force of the spring or other power.
In either of the above arrangements the weight of the engine may be made
available, in addition to the spring or other power for providing the requisite
power of traction, by causing it to act either upon the same driving wheels as
those upon which the spring or other power acts, or upon separate driving
wheels arranged in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR DEEPENING THE BOTTOM OR BED OF RIVERS, CANALS, HARBOURS, OR OTHER SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles François Gheerbrant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1865.
I, CHARLES FRANÇOIS GHEERBRANT, of Rosieres, in the Department of the
Meurthe, France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR DEEPENING THE BOTTOM
OR BED OF RIVERS, CANALS, HARBOURS, OR OTHER SIMILAR PLACES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to an apparatus for and mode of dredging or
deepening the bottom or bed of rivers, canals, harbours, or other similar
places where a natural or artificial current of water is available. The
apparatus consists of a sort of moveable dam or breast wall constructed of
timber or other suitable material, and sufficiently strong for resisting the
impêtus of the water, and provided with the necessary means for allowing the
dam to be fixed by posts, anchors, or other similar means at any spot where
the bottom or bed is to be deepened, suitable open spaces being left between
the lower edge of the dam and the bottom or bed for the purpose of causing
the water in passing through these open spaces to be forcibly obliged to
impinge on and deepen the bed or bottom, and by the powerful current thus
obtained carry along with it gravel, sand, mud, or other similar obstructions,

page_text: whilst after having thus procured the required depth of water the dam is
removed to another spot where the same operation is again to be performed.
The dam may be provided with folding or other doors and with the
necessary means for allowing certain parts of the dam to be folded or flapped
together or partly taken to pieces, and thus render the entire more manageable
for transporting the dam from one spot to another.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS OR FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO THE DOORS AND CASES OF SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING THE OPENING THEREOF BY WEDGES OR LEVERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Andrew and James
Whiley Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with then
Petition, on the 2nd August 1865.
We, THOMAS ANDREW and JAMES WHILEY TAYLOR, both of Commercial
Street, Spitalfields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS OR
FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO THE DOORS AND CASES OF SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS FOR
THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING THE OPENING THEREOF BY WEDGES OR LEVERS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the doors of safes and strong rooms
the following mechanical arrangements. For example, through the centre of
the pannel of the door a hole is formed in which revolves a short axis upon one
end whereof, and at the outside of the said doo a handle is securely fixed,
and on the other end of the said axis a toothed crown wheel is fixed which
takes into the teeth of four pinions respectively fixed on four revolving spindles
placed at right angles to each other, and extending from the centre and inside
of the door of the safe to the outer edges of the said door through which the
ends of the said spindles pass
For the purposes of this Invention we form the door hollow with solid
edges, and place the aforesaid mechanism in the box or cavity of the door;
and we would here remark, that the important feature in this Invention
consists in forming a screw or thread about the outer end of each of the
aforesaid spindles, and in forming corresponding screwed holes in the edges of

page_text: the door, and also in those parts of the body of the safe which are opposite to
the edges of the door when the same is closed, so that by turning round the
bandle situated at the outside of the door, as before mentioned, the several
spindles will have rotatory motion imparted thereto, the effect of which will
be to screw the ends of the spindles into the inner sides of the body or case of
the safe, and by these means to securely connect the edges of the door thereto
at one, four, or more points, so that, supposing a wedge to be driven between
the edges of the door and the body or case of the safe into which the said
door fits, unless either the threads of the screws be stripped or the metal of
the case be broken by the action of the wedge thereon access could not be
gained to the inside of the safe.
We propose to use any approved kind of lock in combination with the
above mechanism, and to so connect such said lock therewith as to prevent
the turning round or withdrawing of the screwed ends of the aforesaid spindles
without ist unlocking the lock; and we would further remark, that instead
of using only four screwed spindles, as above described, several of such said
spindles may be employed actuated by toothed racks and pinions from the
centre or crown wheel or otherwise.