Improvements in Artificial Limbs.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Artificial Limbs.
I, AMOS LINCOLN WOODLAND, of Midland, County of El Paso, State of Colorado,
United States of America, Professional Cook, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide artificial limbs with joints which will work
freely but with sufficient friction to move more naturally and with a motion similar
to that of the natural limb. Other advantages pertaining to the invention will suggest
themselves to those persons wearing the limbs.
I will describe my invention as applied to a leg and foot, but it will be obvious that
the same mechanisin is equally applicable to arms.
The upper or thigh portion of the leg is rounded to fit and work in the socket
formed by the peculiar shape of the upper edge of the hollow lower or calf portion.
A horizontal bolt, preferably made of wood boiled or soaked in oil, extends across the
hollow upper limb, just above the joint, and can move up and down in an oval shell
or sleeve having a screw-threaded shank screwed into an aperture in the lower
rounded part of the upper limb and by means of which it is held in position. A
spring or springs may be inserted between the shell and wooden bolt to create the
necessary close contact of the two parts of the limbs. A set-screw, passing through
the screw-threaded shank and bearing against the shank of a half circular hoop which
partly encircles and supports the wooden bolt, serves to regulate the friction caused
by the spring. A metal rod, passed longitudinally through the wooden bolt, extends
outwards beyond the outer opposite surfaces of the upper part of the limb, and has
straps projecting up from and secured to the lower limb, buttoned over its ends and
secured thereon by a nut or the like.
Similar mechanism is fitted in the lower part of the limb; but in this case the oval
casing projects out of the lower part of the limb beneath and at the back of the
lowest part of the upper portion of the limb and is secured thereto, in that position,
by straps depending downwardly from the upper portion of the limb, in the same
manner as afore described. Moreover the shank of the half circular band upon which
the wooden bolt rests projects downwardly into the lower portion of the limb and
through a cross stay or web therein. Coiled springs are arranged upon the rod, are
adjustable by a nut or nuts, and are compressed by the bending of the joint.
The foot of the limb,-if an artificial leg-is made of various pieces, comprising
the instep-piece, sole, heel-piece, and toe-piece which are united by rubber or
other springs in such manner that, when walking, the joints can bend and
resume their normal position when the strain upon them is released, as when the
foot is raised.
Dated this 18th day of March 1898
R. RAINSFORD,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: I, AMOS LINCOLN WOODLAND, of Midland, County of El Paso, State of Colorado,
United States of America, Professional Cook, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in artificial legs, and feet, and the objects of
my improvements are, first, to construct an artificial leg which will be light durable
and easy to operate, noiseless, and require little or no oiling of joints; secondly to
construct a foot which will perfectly adjust itself to the different positions required
in natural walking and to make the foot light, durable, and without metal springs or
unnatural sound when coming into contact with the floor or sidewalk when walking;
thirdly to provide an adjusting apparatus for the compensation of wear and to prevent
rattling in the joints and to so arrange this mechanism that the socket in the thigh
piece will admit of as long a stump as possible without having to make the knee
joint lower than it should be; fourthly, to make knee springs which can be
adjusted to suit the ideas of the wearer. I attain these objects by means of the
mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings which are made a part of this
specification.
Figure 1 is an exterior side view of the leg and foot constructed in accordance with
my invention.
Fig. 2 is an exterior side view of the foot and shews the foot as it appears when
the body of the wearer and the top of the leg are moved forward with weight resting
on toe and ball of foot.
Fig. 3 is a vertical, sectional, longitudinal side view of the centre of the leg and
foot as they appear when the weight is taken off of the leg preparatory to taking an
advancing step.
Fig. 4 is a similar view but sectional only about the knee shewing the position of
the leg and foot, stop-rod and springs when they have been moved forward in making
a step, the weight resting on the heel.
Fig. is a similar view shewing the position of the leg, foot, stop-rod, and springs
adjusted to a sitting position.
Fig. 6 is an exterior side elevation of the foot as it appears before the rubber
springs and the leather straps have been placed in position and attached to the
instep, also shewing the shape of the ankle where it joins on the shank.
Fig. is an exterior side elevation of the foot complete ready to be secured to the
shank.
Fig. 8 is a detail side view of the roller and frame for attaching the suspenders to
the leg.
Fig. 9 is an enlarged exterior longitudinal view of the device forming the knee-
joint and adjusting apparatus.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of Fig. 9 taken through the points indicated by the
line 1-2.
Fig. 11 is a sectional side view of the centre of the knee between the dotted
lines 3 and 4, Fig. 1, with the parts in the same position as shewn in Fig. 3 and
giving a view to the parts shewn in Fig. 10, and in addition thereto a sectional end
view of the joint and adjusting apparatus for governing the action of the inferior
part of the leg and a longitudinal exterior view of the stop-rod springs, bushings,

page_text: drum, washer, and nuts connected therewith, also a longitudinal sectional side
elevation of the bridge.
Fig. 12 is a side view of the joint and adjusting apparatus for governing the action
of the inferior part of the leg and a side view of the straps for supporting and attach-
ing such joint to the thigh piece and a longitudinal vertical view of the stoprod with
nuts attached, also a sectional view of the washer on such stop-rod and drum and
shewing the position of the spring in the drum.
Fig. 121 is a longitudinal vertical edge view of one of the straps shewn in
Fig. 12.
Fig. 122 is an end view of the nut to be used on the stop-rod.
Fig. 13 is a view of the top of the drun through which the stop-rod passes.
Fig. 14 is a longitudinal apex view of the bridge and cushion thereon.
Fig. 15 shews a part of the suspenders at the back for supporting the artificial leg
and how the parts for supporting the pants or skirts are attached thereto.
Fig. 16 shews the same as Figure 15 in the front instead of at the back.
Figure 17 is a front view of the entire suspender used in supporting an artificial
leg, also the shield for protecting and keeping the clothes in place.
Similar characters of reference indicate similar parts in all the views.
Fig. 1 shews the exterior side of a leg and foot constructed in accordance with my
invention for a thigh amputation, in which A and B are outside shells for the
upper and inferior parts of the leg, respectively, made of wood rubber, paper or other
suitable material. C is a hollow piece of the same material forming the upper and
instep part of the foot.
i and n are the heel and toe of the foot made of the same material as C.
The thigh piece A shank B, instep C toe-piece and heel-piece 1, if made of
wood should be covered with raw hide.
a is a groove or notch cut in both sides of the shell A, and is deep enough to
allow the free passage of the ends of the suspenders R, R (Fig. 17) between the
metal plate band a shorter metal plate 61 at the bottom of the groove a.
b is the outside or 'ong plate of the roller-frame (Fig. 8) and 6 the inside or short
plate. These plates are rivetted together above and below the roller c and far
enough apart to admit the roller. Both plates have a hole in the centre to admit
shaft d which passes through the long plate b and the roller c and is screwed in
the plate bl. The long plate has holes for screws near either end for attaching
the roller and frame to the leg.
A recess is cut vertically in the thigh shell A across the groove a large enough
to receive the plate 6' and the roller c, so that the outside of plate b will be even with
the exterior surface of the shell A and the plate 61 will be even with the bottom of
the groove .
The roller c is made of wood and is boiled or soaked in oil, so that it
The roller c revolves on the shaft d. The rollers cc
requires no oiling when in use.
secured as above described, in the grooves a a, on either side of the leg serve
to adjust the suspenders, which pass under them, to the varying positions of the
body.
The thigh shell A connected to the inferior part of the leg by means of strong
metal straps e e which are securely fastened, by means of screws, rivets or the like,
or small bolts on each side of the upper exterior surface of the shell B. These straps
have an eye in their upper section, through which passes the rod f, as can be more fully
seen by reference to Fig. 9 and the parts marked ee and ff. The straps e e rest
firmly against the ends of the wooden knee bolt and are held there by the nut fi
being screwed on the rod f. The purpose of having the straps e e brought in firm
contact with the bolt r, is to force the knee-bolt to turn in the metal shell 8.
I is a hole cut through the shell B into the cavity P, so that a wrench can be
introduced when it is necessary to adjust nuts N. In my invention of a combined
leg and foot there is no ankle-joint; but as a substitute for such joint I make a highly
flexible foot, which serves all the purposes of an ankle-joint without any complex
mechanism. In Fig. 1 this foot is shewn as it appears when the wearer is standing
upright. The weight is principally on the ball of the foot, thereby preventing

page_text: treacherous bending of the knee joint. The construction of the foot will be fully
explained in connection with Figs. 6 and 7, and in the same connection Fig. 2 will be
explained.
In Fig. 3 it will be seen that inside of the shells A and B there are cavities ( and P.
The upper part of the cavity O is made to neatly fit the sides of the stump, and the
lower section of the cavity is made as large as is consistent with strength and
durability in the shell B.
Also a hole is
The knee joint is constructed by making a hole through the shell A at the knee
from one side to the other large enough to receive the metal shell 8.
made to extend from the lower end of the cavity through the shell A at the end of
the knee, in which hole the shank t is firmly screwed from the cavity O. The shank t
is hollow, and the upper section of the hole is smooth and somewhat larger than the
lower end section. The large and smooth portion is for the reception of the short
round shaft v². The small hole at the lower end of the shank t is threaded to receive
a set screw u (Fig. 10). Attached to the upper end of the shank t is an oval collar t¹
large enough to encircle the knee bolt 1, the metal shell 8, and to allow these parts to
be adjusted by a slight vertical movement. The sides of the collar t¹are straight for
a short distance on both sides of the centre to allow the seini-circular collar or
bushing vv room to move up and down inside it. The semicircular collar v is secured
to the upper end of the shaft v¹ and the wooden knee bolt rests in the collar v,
and any wear of the bolt is compensated by raising the collar v and knee bolt r, by
means of the set screw u, until the bolt r comes in contact with the top of the metal
shell 8.
There are lips v2 at each side of the collar which works in grooves t², cut in
the side of the collar t¹ which helps to hold the collar v in position.
The adjusting device above described, consisting of the threaded shank t, oval
collar short shaft v¹, semicircular piece v, and set-screw u, is fastened in the
shell A at the lower extremity of the cavity O by having the shank t screwed from
the lower end of the cavity O into the hole in the end of the shell A until the
collars are in line with the holes in each side of the knee. The hollow metal
cylindrical shells is next inserted in the shell A at the side of the knee and passes
through the oval collar t¹ and semicircular collar and out at the opposite side of the
knee. The shell is made of metal and is smooth and polished on its inner surface.
The lower central longitudinal section of the shell is cut away in order to let the
semicircular collar come in contact with the wooden knee-bolt 2, which passes
through the shell as is more fully shewn in Fig. 9.
8
The shell & fits tight in the holes in the knee and cannot be turned by the action
of any of the parts working in or on it and does not quite reach through the knee.
The wooden knee-bolt is next inserted in the shells and through the collars t¹
and v.
The bolt is a little longer than the shells and is made to project slightly
beyond it at each end. This bolt is made of very hard wood and has a narrow metal
band a little smaller than the bolt on each of its ends to prevent the bolt from being
split. The bolt is polished and boiled or soaked in oil, and when in use it requires
little or no lubrication. It also has a hole through the centre from end to end for
the reception of the rod f. Next the shell B, with straps ee attached is put in
position, so that there will be a strap at each end of the bolt r, and the eyes in the
straps e e will be in line with the centre of bolt r. The rod passes through the
straps e e and bolt r, and the nut f1 is screwed on the rod f and brings the straps e e
firmly against the ends of the knee-bolt r. The hollow shells and the semicircular
collar serve as a boxing for the knee bolt r, and in the event that the knee bolt
wears so as to become loose or rattle it can be readily tightened by turning the
set-screw u, and thereby raising the bolt up against the shell 8.
In Figs. 3, 4 and 5 the relative location of the different parts above described are
shewn in the thigh, and in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 the same parts are shewn in detail in
an enlarged view.
The inferior part of the leg is adjusted to meet the requirements of the different
positions assumed in walking and sitting by means of the joint, stop-rod, nuts,

page_text: The
springs, bridge drum and washer (shewn in place in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 11) and shewn
in detail in Figs. 11, 12, 121 122, 13 and 14, in which W is a small metal shaft
running through the centre of the wooden bolt q, such rod having a flat round head
at one end and a thread cut on the other end to receive the threaded nut W¹.
rod W serves to support the bolt 9 and to prevent it from turning by drawing the
straps w w and the leather washers q'q' up against the ends of such bolt.
The wooden bolt is made of the same material and constructed in the same way
as the knee-bolt 1. The leather washers q¹ q¹ are to prevent the ends of the collars x
and y from rubbing against the straps w.
The collars x and y and the short shaft y2 (see Fig. 11) and the shank a groove x²
and the lips y¹ are similar in construction to the collars t¹ and v, the shaft and
groove t the lips 2 and shank with the exception that there are no threads on the
outside of the shank x as there are on the shank t, and in place of the set
each end. The rod
screw we have the stop-rod with threads on
U
is screwed into the shauk until the upper end of the rod rests against
its upper
the lower end of the shaft y². The rod has a small hole in
section to receive the end of a wrench or implement for turning the rod and thereby
raising or lowering the shaft y2 and adjusting the collar y to the bolt 7, thus providing
a ready means of compensating any wear of such bolt and to prevent rattling. The
nut D is screwed on the rod z before the rod is screwed in the shank a¹. Next below
the nut D is placed a round coil steel spring E, bushed at several points, as shewn at
EL, (Fig. 11) to prevent noise, or in place of the steel spring E, a rubber tube of
sufficient elasticity and density to serve the purpose of the spring can be substituted
for the spring if desired. Next below the spring is placed the washer F, which has
a hole through it large enough to permit the rod to have an extended lateral move-
ment without changing the washer from a flat position on the bridge G.
The lower end of the rod is next passed through the hole in the bridge G, and the
straps w ware firmly fastened by screws to the back part of the thigh piece, a portion
of the shell A having been cut away to receive the pieces composing the joint, as
shewn in Fig. 11. The short hollow cylindrical drum L has its lower end open in
order that the spring M may slip readily into it, and its upper end is closed except
where the rod passes through it to serve as a rest for the spring M, as can be seen
by referring to the parts marked L Figs. 12 and 13.
The spring M is similar in construction to the spring E, and is slipped over the
lower end of the rod z up against the head of the drum L. The nuts N are then
screwed on the lower end of the rod z up against the spring M until the leg will
be straight when the spring M is compressed in the drum L and the nuts N come
in contact with the drum L as shewn in Fig. 4. The drum L is lined on the inside
with leather or rubber, which serves as a bushing to prevent the spring M from
coming in contact with the metal and making a grating noise. The spring M is
bushed with leather or rubber on its inner side similar to the spring E. The nuts N
and D are turned or adjusted on the rod z by the end of a wrench inserted in the
notches D¹ cut in the nuts N and D.
In the
The nuts N have to be adjusted through the hole I in the shell B (see Fig. 1).
The bridge G (Fig. 14) is a long piece of hard wood of square section, having a
rubber pad or cushion set in the top and bottom as shewn by H1, H2, Fig. 11, also a
groove as indicated by H in the sectional side view Fig. 11, and is securely fastened
in the shell B at each side of the cavity P near its middle section. The top of the
bridge is shewn in Fig. 14 where the groove is indicated by the dotted lines H on
each side of the hole for the stop-rods, and II' is the top pad or cushion.
sectional view Fig. 11 the shape of the groove is fully shewn as well as the construc-
tion of the bottom of the bridge. The purpose of the groove in the bridge is to
allow the stop-rod z to move backward and forward across the leg. The lower edge
of the bridge has a slanting face so adjusted that the head of the drum L will rest
squarely against the slanting face of the bridge when it has the rubber cushion H2
when the weight is on the leg as shewn in Fig. 4.

page_text: The operation of the parts just described as herein illustrated for the governing of
the inferior part of the leg is as follows: When the weight of the body is on the
artificial leg, as illustrated in Fig. 4, the rod is drawn up through the bridge and the
drum until the nuts N are brought into contact with the lower end of the drum L,
and the upper end of the drum rests square against the rubber cushion at the bottom
of the bridge G thereby compressing the spring M into the drum L. When the
weight is taken off the leg, the spring M acting against the bridge (and the nuts N,
bends the knee slightly forward, thereby raising the heel, so that the leg is in a posi-
tion for taking a forward step, as illustrated in Fig. 3. There is very little tension
on either spring at this point, and the collars x and y are turned slightly on the
bolt
As the leg is inoved forward in taking an advancing step the knee naturally
bends, and the collars x and y turn on the bolt q, and the bridge and nut D come
toward each other, thereby compressing the spring E and relaxing the spring M.
When the thigh is advanced far enough for a step, it is stopped by the stump of the
wearer and the spring E, acting against the bridge G and the nut D. The forward
movement of the leg compresses the spring M into the drum L until the nuts N
come in contact with the end of the drum when the leg is stopped in a proper position
for setting the foot down on the floor, as shewn in Fig. 4. In this action the spring M
stops the sudden jar that otherwise would occur when the nuts N come in contact
with the bottom of the drum L. Thus the springs E and M, stop-rod z, nuts N
and D, collars x and y, shanks x and y², bolts q and W, drum L and bridge G acting
in connection with the straps ww, form a flexible and adjustable stop rod, for all
movements of the inferior part of the leg, as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 11.
When the leg is bent as it would be when the wearer was sitting down, the joint
and adjusting apparatus at the upper end of the stop rod z is moved so that it
is a little forward of the knee joint, thereby changing the direction of the rod 2,
so that the spring E acting between the nut D and the bridge G, holds the
inferior part of the leg back, instead of moving it forward, and the lower end of
the rod z is moved to the back part of the cavity P, and the spring M is relaxed
as shewn in Fig. 5.
The collars x and y make nearly a half turn on the bolt q in changing from
an upright to a sitting position. The action of the springs E and M can be
changed by screwing the nut D down on the rod, because the spring E is
enough stronger than the spring M to compress it in the drum if the nut D is
screwed down to give it pressure, thereby affording a spring which is always
inclined to force the leg straight or forward except when in a sitting posture.
The foot is constructed of three pieces of wood, or other suitable material
joined together by means of a sole m made of leather or any suitable materia',
which covers the entire bottom of the foot and is fastened to the bottom of the
heel piece i, instep-piece C and toe-piece n by screws. The heel piece i and
toepiece are held in proper position by means of the leather straps h and l,
which straps are securely fastened by screws or tacks one to the front and
the other to the rear of the instep piece C after the rubber springs J and K have
been inserted as shewn in Fig 7.
The instep piece has a concave groove cut across the bottom about midway between 4
the ends and a similar groove, except smaller, across the front end about the centre
vertically. The bottom of the front end of the piece C is cut away about half way
back to the bottom or larger concave groove, so that the back or flat part of the
rubber spring K can be inserted between the piece C and the sole m. When the
foot is fastened together there are screws which pass through the sole m, the back 5
part of the spring K and screw into the piece C. A small rubber teat is attached
to the straight surface on the underside of the piece C, near its centre to prevent the
piece from coming into violent contact with the piece c in case the spring J should
get weak and also to give the heel a chance to adjust itself to uneven surfaces. The
heel piece is a thin piece of the same material as the piece C and is straight on its 5
upper surface and round on the bottom and back end to make it correspond to
the shape of a natural heel. The forward end is concave to fit the rubber spring J,

page_text: against which it rests. The toe piece n is shaped on the bottom, top and front
end like the natural foot, and the back end of this piece has a concave groove cut
across it horizontally about the centre, and above and below the groove this
piece is bevelled.
When the toe piece n and the piece C have been cut and the
sole m fastened to them, as above described, the space j corresponds to the shape of
the rubber spring K, which spring is inserted in the space between the pieces n and C
and the toe-piece n is brought up in proper position and the strap fastened to the
instep C.
The rubber spring J is next inserted in the holes made by the concave
grooves across the bottom of the piece and the end of the piece i. The heel piece i
is next raised in position and the strap h fastened to the piece ('.
I prefer applying the springs J and K in accordance with the weight of the wearer.
A heavy person requires full springs, as shewn in the drawings, and a light person a
lighter spring, and in order to adjust the foot to such a person the rubber spring K is
cut off at the top so that it fills the spacej only to the top of the grooves in the toe
piece n and piece C. The end of the spring J is also cut off making the spring
lighter and more easily compressed. In all cases the rubber springs J and K must be
large enough to hold the toe and heel down in place and allow them to move upward
only when considerable pressure rests upon them. The back part of the rubber K
serves as a cushion for the ball of the foot.
If the foot be made of wood, the grain should run lengthwise of the foot and the
top of the piece C cut as shewn in Fig. 6, and the lower end of the shank B be
made to correspond. In connecting the foot to the leg, the toe and the front end
of the piece C should made enough lower to allow for the heel on the shoe of the
wearer.
In operation the foot appears as shewn in Fig. 1 when the wearer stands erect, and
as the top of the leg is moved forward the heel rises from the floor and the weight
falls upon the toe and the rubber spring K gives and allows the toe piece n to close
up toward the instep C as shewn in Fig. 2. When the weight is taken off the foot
preparatory to taking an advancing step the foot assumes the position shewn in
Fig. 3.
As the foot is advanced a step the heel first comes in contact with the floor
compressing the heel piece i against the teat gas shewn in Fig. 4, and as the leg is
moved forward to an upright position the heel piece springs down and assumes the
position shown in Fig 1.
The flexibility given the foot by the operation of the pieces i and n and the rubber
springs J and K enables the wearer to walk easily and naturally.
In Fig. 15 R R shew the construction of the suspenders which support the leg and
R¹ R¹ are buttons sewn or riveted to the suspenders and to these the upper ends of
the pants or skirt supporters are buttoned. The pants or skirt supporters are con-
structed of two pieces of elastic web S2 S2, which have a leather button hole in their
upper ends for the reception of the buttons R¹ R¹. These webs are joined together
at the lower end similar to the ordinary suspender, and to them are connected webs
or straps, as ordinarily used in supporting the pants at the back. One of the elastic
webs S2 is made shorter than the other so that their lower ends will meet in the
centre of the back and not at one side, as they would if both were the same length.
The suspenders R R extend down in the grooves a a and around the rollers c c as
shewn in Fig. 17. The back and front of the suspenders are alike in general
construction.
In Fig. 16 the construction of the front of the suspenders R R is shewn together
with the front supports R3 R³ for the pants or skirts and the buttons R2 R2 by such
supports are attached to the suspenders R R.
The pants or skirts supporters R³ R³ are made like an ordinary suspender, except
that they have a leather button-hole at the upper end to receive the buttons R² R².
The pants or skirts supporters are attached to the suspenders R R in order to keep
the latter in place and to make one pair of suspenders answer all purposes as near as
possible.
The suspenders R R are crossed and riveted together at their juncture both behind

page_text: and front, at the point S₁ above where they pass around the wooden rollers c c in the
grooves a a.
The suspenders are crossed and fastened together in order that the leg may be
kept in proper position when the body is moved from side to side or one shoulder is
lowered more than the other. If they were not so crossed and fastened together the
lowering of one shoulder more than the other would let the leg swing in or out
according to which of the shoulders was lowered, and this would be true whether the
suspenders were crossed or not, but the suspenders being riveted together the leg is
held in position as long as either one of the suspenders is kept tight. The parts of
the suspenders which pass over the back go down through the grooves a a, around
the rollers c c and come up to the buckles V V, where they are fastened by means
of these to the parts of the suspenders coming down in front of the body. The
buckles V V serve to tighten or loosen the suspenders, as may be required from time
to time, to keep the leg at the proper height or to detach the suspenders from the
leg. In detaching the leg and suspenders from the wearer it is not necessary to
unbuckle any of the buckles, because the suspenders are easily slipped over the head
of the wearer after the skirts or pants have been loosened froin the suspenders and
unbuttoned preparatory to undressing. The parts of the suspenders R R from the
buckles VV up the front, over the shoulders and down the back to a corresponding
point behind are made of leather, English web, elastic web, or any suitable material,
but the remaining part of the suspenders is made of leather which may be either
flat or round. If round there should be grooves in the rollers cc to receive them.
The suspenders R R both before and behind pass down over leather shields, made
as shewn by T, Fig. 17, the lower ends of such shields being attached to the shell A
by means of a screw having play enough in the hole through the shield to allow
the shield to move laterally as required. A leather strap U riveted or sewn at each
end near the top of the shield T serves to keep the shield in place when the
suspenders have been passed through between the strap U and the shield T. The
shield T serves to protect the clothing from the wear of the suspenders passing over
them, and also serves to keep the clothing from working up and getting in bunches
and rolls from the action of the suspenders against them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
(1) In an artificial leg and foot, the combination of the thigh shell A having the
metal shell 8 secured in the knee and a hole through the end from the bottom of the
cavity with the oval collar f¹ encircling the shell 8, and attached to the hollow
threaded shank t, such shank having in its upper inner section the short rounded
shaft attached to the semi-circular collar e, and in its lower inner threaded section
the set screw u substantially as described.
(2) The combination in an artificial leg and foot, of the hollow wooden knee bolt 1*
which has been soaked or boiled in oil, and having metal bands on each end and
working in the metal shell 8 and semicircular collar v, with the shank B having the
straps e e secured to the shank B said straps having eyes in their upper section for
the reception of the rod f which passes through said straps and through the wooden
bolt and secured by the nut f¹ being screwed on the rod f all substantially as set
forth.
(3) The combination in an artificial leg and foot, of the straps ww secured to the
back part of the thigh-shell A with the hollow wooden bolt q, having short shaft W
passing through it, and the leather washers q¹ and straps ww secured by the nut Wi
being screwed on said shaft W, substantially as described.
(4) The combination in an artificial leg and foot, of the oval collar with the
hollow shaft x¹, round shaft y², collar y, stop rod z, nut 1), springs E and M,
bushings E' E¹, washer F, drum L, nuts N, bridge G, rubber cushions H¹ and H2,
substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: (5) The combination in an artificial leg and foot, of the shell B with the instep
piece C, teat g soie m, heel-piece i, toe-piece n, rubber springs J and K substantially
as described and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 19th day of December 1898
R. RAINSFORD,
Agent for Applicant.