matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR FOR THE PROTECTION OF VESSELS OF WAR, FORTIFICATIONS, BATTERIES, AND OTHER WORKS OF LIKE NATURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
July 1868. A communication from abroad by Henry Cook and
Harry Whiteside Cook, both of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City
of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ARMOUR FOR THE PROTECTION OF VESSELS OF WAR, FORTIFICATIONS, BATTERIES,
AND OTHER WORKS OF LIKE NATURE," "a communication," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing iron or
steel armour for the defence of vessels of war, floating or permanent
batteries, fortifications, and other analogous works. Upon a plate of
metal of given thickness is fixed a series of steel or iron bands ranged
longitudinally in parallel lines equidistant from each other, and sur-
mounted by a second series of similar bands ranged vertically. On this
basis of rough network or cellular structure is secured another series of
bands, slightly narrower than the preceding, and we go on adding
lternate ranges of longitudinal and vertical bands of decreasing widths

page_text: until the required thickness is attained, the result being the formation
of a series of rough pyramids, more or less square and more or less
perfect. To this network is bolted or otherwise secured a plate of
malleable iron for the double purpose of producing an even surface and
of hermetically closing the pyramidal cells so as to prevent the deposit
or accumulation therein of water. This malleable plate or skin also acts
as an extra protection to the armour beneath by forming under the
impact of the projectile a species of lip, which folding over the angles
of the pyramidal cells offers an amount of resistance which increases in
ratio with the penetration of the projectile.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a plan of the armour or shield
constructed as above; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the same; Fig. 3 is a
similar section on an enlarged scale shewing the position taken up by
the outer skin under the impact of a spherical projectile; Fig. 4
represents the action thereon of a conical projectile.
In these Figures a is the wooden backing; b, the metal base plate;
c, the longitudinal bars; d, the vertical bars; e, the metal facing or skin
of the shield; f, g, the spherical and conical projectiles.
If so desired the rectilinear network above described may be replaced
by plates through which holes of variable diameters are pierced, and
which are secured over each other in such a manner as to form an
openwork structure composed of cylindro-conical instead of pyramidal
cells.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1868.
I, JAMES ALEXANDER SMITH, of 18, Little Russell Street, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to
be as follows:-
This apparatus enables the manipulator to correct or avoid an
inaccuracy in the existing mode of taking photographic images or
photograms, by which foreshortening, and perspective, and the relative
proportion of parts to each other are falsified, exaggerated, or distorted
in photographic images or photograms as now and hitherto taken, and
which inaccuracy is occasioned by the sensitized plate or surface on
which the image or photogram is taken, being a flat transverse surface
intercepting a cone of diverging rays at all the inequalities of distance
from the focus of the camera lens as now in use at which the various
parts of the flat base of a cone are unequally distant from its apex.
The means by which I correct this cause of inaccuracy in photographic

page_text: images or photograms is by inserting a lens or lenses between the focus
of the camera lens as now in use and the sensitized plate or surface
on which the image, photogram, or impression is received and taken,
and thereby, or by other optical means and appliances suitable for that
purpose, re-directing the actinic rays or rays of actinic light into parallel
rays, or as nearly so as may be, or into such other direction as after the
rays have passed through and diverged from the focus will enable the
image to be projected on a flat sensitized surface with its parts in the due
or desired relative proportion to each other, or in more correct relative
proportion than has hitherto been the case. I also propose to insert or
introduce into the camera a diaphragm or opaque screen with a small
aperture in it for the purpose of intercepting by said diaphragm or
screen all or as nearly as may be all actinic rays which do not converge
to or pass through the focus aforesaid, and thereby securing as far as
may be the actinic efficiency and homogeneous purity of the colors or
colored rays proceeding from objects photographed, with the view of
producing colored images or photograms of such objects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND COFFEE URNS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1868.-A communication from abroad by George
Jones, of the City and County of New Haven, United States of
America.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lanc, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND COFFEE URNS
AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," a communication to me from abroad by
George Jones, of the City and County of New Haven, United States
of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on an Invention for "Improve-
ments in Tea and Coffee Pots," for which a Patent was granted to me,
dated the 28th November 1867, No. 3370, a communication from
abroad by the said George Jones. In that Invention it will be observed
that there is communication for the water recess for packing at the top
of the pot into the pot below, so that when the pot is inclined so as to
discharge through the spout the water from the said space will pass out
into the spout or down into the pot, this is necessary in the pot; but in an

page_text: urn, in which the tea or coffee is drawn through a cock or faucet, it is not
necessary to tip the urn, hence the communication from the water joint
out or down is not required, as will be seen by the following description
of an urn of this construction, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, Fig. 1 being a side view, and Fig. 2 a vertical central section.
A is a cylinder or body of an urn; B, a chamber formed at the top of
the urn entirely around its edge, space being left in the centre for the
insertion of the cylinder C with its perforated bottom D, and of the
shorter cylinder c with its perforated bottom F, which serves as ā
sprinkler and operates in the same manner as in the Patent before
referred to; the space B is filled with water and the cover G set into the
urn, so that its flange a will extend down into the water into the
chamber B and thus form a water joint; H is the faucet or cock, by
means of which the tea or coffee is drawn from the urn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Macquorn
Rankine and James Morris Gale at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th February 1868.
We, WILLIAM JOHN MACQUORN RANKINE, of the University of
Glasgow, Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, and JAMES
MORRIS GALE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB,'
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention is applicable to cases in which steam has to be
condensed and the supply of water of a degree of purity suitable for
feeding the boiler is either not sufficiently great to enable it to be
used for the complete condensation of the steam or too expensive to
be so used, whilst the supply of water of less purity is sufficient. The
Invention is applicable also where it is desired to condense two different
portions of the steam under two different pressures; for example,
where the water obtained by condensation at a comparatively high
pressure and temperature is to be used for feeding the boiler, and the
remainder of the steam is to be condensed at a low pressure, and

page_text: temperature, and this application may be made even when the whole
supply of water is equally pure. Two condensers are employed, being
either two separate vessels or one vessel divided into two parts, and
both those condensers are spray condensers, that is to say, the steam
is condensed by injecting cold water amidst it in the state of spray.
Into one of the two condensers the pure water suited for feeding the
boiler is injected, and into the other the less pure water, which though
not suited for feeding the boiler is available for condensation. Each
condenser has its own pump or equivalent apparatus for drawing off
its contents, and the water from the pure water condenser is alone
used for feeding the boiler. The pure water or high-pressure condenser
may itself be a pump. If the pressure of condensation is to be the
same in both condensers they may communicate with each other through
a passage always open, but so placed that no impure water shall enter
the pure water compartment; but if the pressures of condensation are
to be different the steam is admitted into the two condensers at different
times by means of suitable valves. If under these circumstances the the
Invention is to be applied to a steam engine the communication between
the cylinder and the high-pressure condenser is to be opened near
either end of the stroke, so as to cause the least possible resistance to
the motion of the engine.
AN IMPROVED SPRING FASTENING FOR BROOCHES: AND OTHER SIMILAR DRESS: FASTENINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bush and Henry
Welchman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd April 1868..
We, JAMES BUSH and HENRY. WELCHMAN; both of Aston-juxta-
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the naturo-
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SPRING FASTENING FOR BROOCHES:
AND OTHER SIMILAR DRESS: FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
The pin or tongue is of the usual construction,.one end being hinged
upon the back of the brooch in the customary manner; but the essential
part of our Invention consists in providing at the other end of the back.
of the brooch a box, upon which is caused to work a moveable bolt or-
slide, actuated by a flat or other suitable spring, contained in the 'said:
box.
When it is desired to. fasten- the brooch or other dress fastening the
free end of the pin or tongue is pressed downwards upon a bevelled part.
of the said moveable bolt or slide in such manner as to cause it to.
recede until the point of the said pin or tongue takes into the shield.
or guard herein-after described, which is underneath the said bolt or

page_text: slide; and the tendency of the spring being to keep the said bolt or
slide closed over the point of the pin the fastening is complete.
When it is desired to unfasten the brooch or other dress fastening
the bolt or slide is withdrawn by means of a thumb piece provided
thereon.
An important feature in our Invention is to provide a shield or guard
into which the point of the pin or tongue may take, and be thereby
secured from injury; and in this manner injury to the fingers of the
wearer of the brooch or other dress. fastening is also prevented.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BLEACHING OR EXTRACTING THE COLOUR FROM FEATHERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Abraham Wille at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st July 1868.
I, ALPHONSE ABRAHAM WILLE, generally known as WILLE ALPHONSE,
of Woodside Cottage, Whitehall Road, Woodford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BLEACHING OR EXTRACTING THE COLOUR FROM FEATHERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved process for bleaching or
extracting the colour from grey, brown, and black feathers, more
particularly ostrich feathers, whereby they are rendered much whiter
than by the processes heretofore employed, and can consequently be
used in this state without being subsequently dyed.
For this purpose the feathers are first washed and fatty particles
removed therefrom, after which they are steeped in a bath composed
of water, muriatic acid, chromate of potash, sulphate of copper, and
sesqui-oxide of iron, the proportions in which I prefer to employ these
ingredients being for a bath for, say, 2 lbs. avoirdupoids of feathers
12 gallons of water, 1 pints of muriatic acid, 5 ounces of chromate of

page_text: potash, ounce of sulphate of copper, and pint of fluid sesqui-oxide
of iron. This bath is heated to a lukewarm temperature, and the
feathers are allowed to remain in the same for about three days, more
or less, depending upon the quality of the feathers; these are then
removed and washed with soap and rinsed, after which they are steeped,
first, in a boiling solution of salt of sorrel, and, lastly, in a cold bath
composed of starchy water, with a small admixture of blue and pink
colouring matter. The feathers are then dried and well beaten, when
they will be ready to be curled and otherwise prepared for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLEEVE LINKS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jenkins,
Fredrick
Jenkins, and Samuel Jenkins at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd October 1868.
We, JAMES JENKINS, FREDRICK JENKINS, and SAMUEL JENKINS,
all of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SLEEVE LINKS, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ARTICLES OF
JEWELLERY," to be as follows:-
The body of the link consists of a plate or bar of metal at one
end of which is fixed a vertical pin, and the other end being provided
with an inclined groove or channel in which is a hole or aperture
perforated through the end of the plate or bar. A moveable tongue,
consisting of a bar of metal with the two ends thereof bent at right
angles to its length, is mounted by means of a suitable collar attached
to or formed at one end thereof to the vertical pin on which it is free
to move horizontally as on a pivot until it is brought at right angles
to the main plate or bar. The other end of the tongue upon the same
being moved into a position parallel to the main plate or bar traverses
the inclined groove or channel and takes into or enters the hole or

page_text: aperture before mentioned, thereby closing and securing the link. The
outer face of the main plate or bar may have any desired device or
ornamentation attached thereto. The links thus formed can be used
as sleeve links or in connection with other articles of jewellery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWs
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mortimer Olunes and
Frederick William Davis at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th May 1868.
We, ROBERT MORTIMER CLUNES and FREDERICK WILLIAM DAVIS,
both of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWs," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction
of harrows, each beam being made from one piece or length of iron
bent in a series of diagonal lines, each angle having an oval recess.
formed in the process of bending, so that when two beams are united.
together the two recesses come opposite each other and form an oval
socket or hole into which the tine of the harrow is inserted. The heads
of the tines are made oval to fit these holes or recesses in the beams,
and are secured by means of small bolts passing through the beams and
tines, screw nuts being used to clamp or tighten the three parts. The
beams of the harrow are held firmly together at each end by means of
a long bolt and wrought-iron struts, by which arrangement the harrow:
becomes as strong as if of one solid piece.

page_text: In this example the tops of the tines come flush with the surface of
the beams, but the tines may be made with heads to extend over the
surfaces of both of the beams so as to clip the same; or the beams
may be bent diagonally as before, but instead of the junctions of the
angles being ovally recessed they may present flattened surfaces, within
or between which the tines are to be placed, with overlapping heads to
clip the beams, the tine and beams being secured by a bolt passing
through them, and by a nut as before stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING, GRINDING, AND POLISHING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS COMPOSED OF METAL OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Higginbotham and
Lewis Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th February 1868.
We, JOSEPH HIGGINBOTHAM and LEWIS MOORE, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Mechanics, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING,
GRINDING, AND POLISHING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS COMPOSED OF METAL OR OTHER
MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates principally to the lathes employed to turn and
polish the copper rollers employed in calico printing machinery, but is
applicable to the turning and polishing of other cylinders.
The bed of our improved lathe is, by preference, formed double, that
is to say, with an additional bearing surface. At one end of the bed a
fast headstock is mounted, a following headstock being fitted to slide on
the bed as usual, the centres of the two headstocks being formed of a
sufficiently large cone to sustain the copper rollers employed in printing
machines without the use of an internal mandril, key ways being cut in
one or both of the centres to suit the fixed key inside the roller, the
centre in the following headstock revolving in a bearing or in bearings,

page_text: or being attached to a shaft revolving in bearings. The said following
headstock is fitted with a suitable adjusting screw and locking nut or
handle, as or nearly as is usual. A sliding carriage is mounted on the
bed and is actuated by means of a screw or a rack and pinion, and is
fitted with a suitable slide or slides and with a tool box or tool holder.
On a part of the said carriage is fixed the bearing or the bearings of a
revolving shaft, the said shaft carrying on the end which is towards
the roller a flat grinding surface composed of stone or other suitable
grinding material or composition, or the said flat surface may be com-
posed or made of a suitable material to be fed with grinding or polishing
powders, arrangements being made for readily changing the grinding
surfaces, and for bringing the same into contact with the roller. The
said revolving shaft may be actuated by the same shaft as the sliding
carriage by means of spur or bevil gearing, or a worm and worm wheel,
or by other suitable means. We prefer to drive the shaft. actuating the
carriage and the grinder through. a reversing motion, which is made
self-acting by the carriage coming into contact with a lever or a finger
on a rod at cach cnd of its traverse, the said lever or rod or other
suitable arrangement being connected to the reversing motion, whereby
the direction of motion of the carriage is changed at the proper time.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING AND CURING SMOKY CHINNIES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Washbourne Dyer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th October 1868.
I, THOMAS WASHBOURNE DYER, of No. 2, Brunswick Street, Barnsbury
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING AND CURING SMOKY
CHINNIES," to be as follows:―
In the Drawing marked "C" gives the elevation of a fire-place with
the smoke preventer fixed ready for use immediately above the mantle-
shelf within the chimney. It consists of a fan or coil to be made of
any metal with a cap on the top, also made of any metal, working on a
vertical spindle attached to a cross bar secured to the brickwork on
either side by stay nails with holes at the end of the said stay nails to fix
the cross bar in with screws. The bearing portion of the coil or fan is
intended to be carefully turned so as to work easily on the spindle, having
a collar and point to be made of any hard metal to prevent friction and
obtain durability. The smoke ascending acts in the fan or coil, as
represented in the Drawing marked "C," as a scroll, causes it to revolve,
thereby preventing a down draft and smoke returning into the apartment.

page_text: The Drawing marked "A" gives a plan of the fan or coil as fixed in
the chimney or chimney-pot at the top of the chimney. The Drawing
marked "B" shews the same apparatus as above described in the
Drawing marked "O" but fixed at the top of the chimney in a pot
made of any metal, resting on a round ring attached to the brickwork
with a cross bar secured in the said pot to support the spindle carrying
the fan or coil of a scroll appearance, and can be removed for the purpose
of cleansing and easily placed back again. In the Drawing marked C
and B is intended to be worked either together or separate.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hargreaves at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1868.
I, HENRY HARGREAVES, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of the loom termed the "sand or
emery roller" and the "cloth roller," and is designed to dispense
with the rough surface of the "sand roller," substituting a smooth
surface, and to effect the hold of the fabric on the smooth surface by
other means, which means also calender and improve the appearance
of the cloth, and enable me to dispense with the cloth beam if
desirable.
The improvements consist in the combination and application of two
rollers, a plate or bar, and a moveable lever or link to the so-called
"sand roller," one roller has bearings in one end of the bar or plate,
such bar being supported in a horizontal position near the middle of
its length by the shaft of the so-called "sand roller," the end to which
the roller is applied being fixed to a bracket on the loom frame, and to

page_text: the opposite end of this bar or plate a lever is hinged extending
upwards, and carrying at its upper extremity a roller which bears on the
periphery of the so-called "sand roller," having the fabric between the
two, all such apparatus being applied to the so-called "sand roller,"
which has in this instance a smooth surface, and not sanded or
roughened. The fabric passes from the "breast beam" down to and
beneath the roller at the end of the bar, thence upwards over the roller
at the end of the lever passing partly round it, and then beneath it
over the smooth roller, and at the point of the contact of the peripheries
a "nip" or hold and calendering pressure is obtained in a downward
diagonal direction by the passage and tension of the fabric which is
sufficient for the purposes aforesaid. The fabric then passes downwards
partly round the smooth roller to the cloth beam, or it may fall into a
box and the cloth beam be dispensed with.
By this arrangement and combination of mechanism the ordinary
rough-surfaced roller which injures the fabric is dispensed with, and
sufficient pressure is obtained to "take up" and to calender the fabric.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CAN FOR CONTAINING PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN, HYDROCARBONS, AND SUCH LIKE OILS OR SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolf Zwez at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
February 1868.
I, RUDOLF ZWEZ, of Harrington Street, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CAN FOR CONTAINING PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN,
HYDROCARBONS, AND SUCH LIKE OILS OR SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of can more especially
intended for containing petroleum or other hydrocarbon oils or spirits
of an explosive nature, but which is also applicable for containing.
ink or other liquids. The object is to form a self-acting or safety
arrangement whereby it will be impossible in pouring the liquid from
the can into another receptacle to make an accidental overflow or pour
an excess of liquid from the can. To effect this object the top of the
can is closed by a cap or cover, in which a funnel or tube is fixed
for supplying liquid to the can, and this opening is kept secure by a
stopper, cork, or screw plug or cap. In order to supply the necessary
amount of air to occupy the displacement caused by the pouring out

page_text: of the contents of the can by the outlet pipe or spout I place a tube
in the interior and top of the can and extend the same within the
spout, this inner tube being of a smaller diameter than the outlet tube.
A jacket is formed between the two, and while the liquid is poured
from the outer tube the air flows into the can by the internal tube.
The internal or air tube may be brought to the level or face of the
outlet tube, or it may be made to project a short distance beyond.
In both cases it is evident that when the level of the liquid poured
from the can into a lamp reservoir or oil holder or other receptaclo
comes up to the level of the air tube the supply of air is cut off from
the interior of the can, and the flow of liquid is instantly stopped, so
that an overflow is avoided. The air tube may extend through the
exterior of the can and enter the spout beyond, or the air tube may
be passed completely through the outlet pipe and up the interior of
the can nearly to the top, the result being the same; or the air tube
may be placed outside the outlet tube; or the internal tube may be
the outlet for the liquid and the exterior tube, the inlet, for the air,
in which case the internal tube forms the spout and is carried down
to the lower part of the can and the air tube goes to the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL ILLUSIONS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE MAGIC LANTERN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION lef. by Frederick William Hartley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th January 1868.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM HARTLEY, of 55, Millbank Street, in the
City of Westminster, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL ILLUSIONS USED IN CONJUNCTION
WITH THE MAGIC LANTERN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of apparent
mechanical action or motion in figures or in objects or in repre-
sentations of figures or of objects by the application of the phena-
kistiscope or analogous contrivance to the magic lantern, that is to say,
that for the purposes of this Invention it is proposed to use instead of
and in the place of the ordinary single or compound or moveable
transparencies which are used in the magic lantern when transmitted
light is employed, and instead of and in place of the usual objects,
drawings, or representations of objects which have been or are employed
with the magic lantern, when reflected light is employed, several
drawings, paintings, prints, or representations of the same object or of
similar objects in such different positions, wholly or partly, that when
such drawings, paintings, prints, or representations of the same object or
LD

page_text: of similar objects are brought consecutively and with sufficient rapidity
by means of the phenakistiscope or analogous contrivance into a proper
position in relation to the object lens of the magic lantern, and the
images of such drawings, paintings, prints, or representations of the
same object or of similar objects be projected through the object lens of
the magic lantern on to a screen, wall, surface, or medium capable of
receiving and rendering such images visible to the eye of an observer, it
shall seem that the images so produced are in mechanical action, and in
this way the images be made to appear as if walking, running, jumping,
working, or performing some mechanical action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING PROSPECTUSES, CARDS, CIRCULARS, AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville .at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th March 1868.-A communication from Charles Cardot
and Stanislas Louis Alexandre Berthier, of the Firm of Cardot,
Berthier, and Co., residing at Paris, No. 99, Rue de Ménilmontant,
Civil Engineers.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE; of the British. and Foreign Patent
Offices, 24, Rue du Mont-Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,.
and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,.
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS
APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING PROSPECTUSES, CARDS, CIRCULARS, AND OTHER
PAPERS." A communication from Charles Cardot and Stanislas Louis.
Alexandre Berthier, of the Firm of Cardot, Berthier, and Co., two. per-.
sons resident at Paris, No. 99, Rue de Ménilmontant, Civil Engineers,
to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a new and improved

page_text: like papers may be distributed automatically, in combination with another
apparatus for exhibiting bills or advertisements.
The advertising apparatus consists in a sort of tower of any convenient
form or height, composed of sashes or frames and furnished with panes of
glass on which are printed, painted, or otherwise figured, the bills or
advertisements. This tower may be lighted up after dark, and rotated
by any suitable means on an axis fixed in a basement whereon the
automatically distributing apparatus is placed.
The distributing apparatus consists in a box or case furnished with
an internal clockwork movement actuating a dented wheel or roller
with a rough surface, on which and on a metal plate at the back of
the said wheel any number of prospectuses, cards, or circulars are
placed, the same being one by one impelled forward by the said wheel
or roller through an opening or slot in one of the sides of the box.
The pressure required to cause the dented wheel or roller to bite into
and thus push forward the lower card or circular is obtained by means
of a weight resting on the pack of cards or circulars in the upper part
of the box. The first card or circular issuing in part through the
opening in the box arrests the rotation movement of the dented wheel
or rough roller by exerting a pressure on a regulator operating the
stoppage of the clockwork; when this partly projecting card or circular
is withdrawn the clockwork is instantly loosened, and the dented wheel
or rough roller caused to push forward the next card or circular, which
an partly issuing through the slot or opening, as before, arrests the
clockwork movement, and so on till the supply is exhausted.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CATTLE FOOD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fawcett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1868.
I, JOHN FAWCETT, of Kirton-in-Lindsey, in the County of Lincoln,
Cake Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CATTLE FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of a food for cattle from what
is known as brewers' and distillers' grains, malt coombs or malt dust.
The grains are taken in the moist state and are dried by the application
of heat from fire or steam applied in open kilns, cylinders, or otherwise.
The grains when thus dried are ground into meal, and when the
rough meal has been steamed it will be in a suitable state for forming
into cakes by means of hydraulic or other pressure. Prepared roots,
vegetable meals, chaff, or chopped hay may be added to the mixture.
By forming this preparation into cakes resembling the oil cake of
commerce, it will be convenient for being broken up for distribution to
the animals in the same way as oil or linseed cake is now supplied,
thereby saving much time and trouble.

page_text: Hitherto brewers' grains have been considered comparatively worth-
less, but by chemical analysis they are found to possess high nutritive
and feeding properties, and when prepared by drying, steaming, and
pressing the cake thus produced will be equal in value as a feeding
material to good linseed cake, and will admit of being transported and
stored, and will keep good a great length of time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Law at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1868.
I, HENRY LAW, Civil Engineer, of No. 15, Essex Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
I connect the service pipe by means of which water is to be supplied
to the closet, whether from a main under pressure or from an elevated
cistern, with a valve cock so constructed that upon raising the piston of
the same communication is opened between the service pipe and a vessel
of vulcanised india-rubber, or other suitable elastic material capable
of expanding under pressure, and of contracting upon the removal of
the same; and I enclose this vessel within a mould of the size and form
which it is desired that the vessel should assume when filled with water
under pressure, and of sufficient strength to resist the greatest pressure
to which the vessel can be exposed. The valve cock is furthermore so
constructed that upon lowering the piston into its original position the.
communication between the service pipe and the expanding vessel is

page_text: closed, while a communication is opened between the expanding vessel
and the watercloset pan, so that by the contraction of the vessel its
contents shall be forcibly ejected into the pan for the purpose of flushing
and cleansing the same. I connect the piston of the valve cock with
the seat of the watercloset in such a manner that when the seat is sat
upon the piston is raised and the expanding vessel fills, and upon rising
from the seat the piston of the valve cock falls, and the contents of the
expanding vessel are discharged into the closet pan, cleansing the same
after use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND CONSUMING SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Erskine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1868.
I, FRANCIS ERSKINE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND
CONSUMING SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements, namely, in forming
the fire bridge on a beam or otherwise to commence about on a level with
the fire-bars and ascend to within a few inches of the under side of the
boiler or top of the flue or furnace. By this arrangement an open space
is left under the fire bridge between the ash-pit and the flue beyond the
fire bridge, and the space for the products of combustion to pass above
the fire bridge is so far contracted that part of the flame or heat from
the fuel is drawn through the fire-bars, and this heat and flame mixing
with the air passing under the fire bridge meets the unconsumed gases
passing over the fire bridge and the two combine and ignite, and thus

page_text: complete combustion is attained. The space below the fire bridge is
provided with a valve or damper of metal or fire-clay, and the space
above the fire bridge may also be provided with a valve or damper of
metal or fire-clay, so that the quantity of gases passing over and the
quantity of air passing under the fire bridge may be regulated in each
case. The damper or valve for regulating the space under the fire
bridge is arranged in a vertical position, and so that it can be slided to
and from the fire bridge (remaining vertical in each position) by any
suitable connection. The damper for the space above the bridge may be
arranged in vertical guides and may be actuated by inclines or other
means. In some boilers having internal flues with water tubes across
them I make one tube form either the whole or part of the fire bridge,
if the tube forms only a part of the fire bridge the other part is made
of fire-bricks or fire-clay built upon the tube. In the flues of the
boilers I sometimes apply to facilitate the mixing of the gases additional
bridges either descending from the top or ascending from the bottom of
the flue, or both combined with my improved arrangements above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING MITRE OR OTHER ANGULAR JOINTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1868.-A communication from abroad by James
Douglas Robertson, of Valencia, in the Kingdom of Spain.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
**IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING MITRE OR OTHER
ANGULAR JOINTS," a communication to me from abroad by James
Douglas Robertson, of Valencia, in the Kingdom of Spain, to be as
follows:-
This Invention which relates to a rapid and economical mode of
cutting or shaping timber for the purpose of forming what are known
as mitre or angular joints between two or more pieces of timber,
consists of a pair of vertical guides between which is placed a block
capable of being moved vertically upwards and downwards therein.
To the block knives or cutters are fitted and arranged at the angle

page_text: required for cutting the pieces of timber, the pieces of timber to be
so cut being placed on a support or guage at the lower part of the
apparatus, a lever is placed at the back of the apparatus by which
the block carrying the knives is lifted, and by depressing which the
knives are lowered to cut the timber as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, PROPULSION, AND GUIDANCE OF BOATS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor de Stains at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
22nd June 1868..
I, VICTOR DE STAINS, of 29, Shepperton Villas, N., London, do hereby,
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION, PROPULSION, AND GUIDANCE OF BOATS OR OTHER VESSELS," to
be as follows:
1ly. For the construction; in the contrivance of'a,longitudinal channel
or passage under the boat or, vessel by means. of two flanches or cheeks
descending one on each side of the vessel, and so confining the water
as to give it a greater power of resistance in supporting the vessel, which
at a certain velocity will glide with very little friction on the top of this;
liquid rail.
2ly. For the propulsion, in placing the paddle wheel, scrow, or other..
propelling power directly in front and a line with the above channel
so that all the agitation communicated to the water, passing under the..
boat shall contribute to its support and progress as well as any air or gas
thereby introduced..

page_text: With regard to rowing boats, the propulsion and guidance may be
combined by placing in the hands of the person guiding a cross bar
having at each end a cord fastened to an oar on each side and at a
proper distance from the boat, so that the person rowing and the one
steering facing each other and acting in concert, the latter by the move-
ments given to the cross barr will be able to guide perfectly the said
boat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING PITCH OR SIMILAR: ARTICLES FROM. WOOL OR.. SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by James Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1868.
I, JAMES MARTIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING PITCH OR SIMILAR: ARTICLES FROM. WOOL OR..
SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
I mix with any suitable quantity of boiling water about eighty parts.
of coal naptha, four parts of lime, twelve parts of oil, with four parts
of any kind of alkali, and steep the wool or other material in the said
mixture for about twelve hours, when the pitch will swim on the
surface ready to be taken away for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claverhouse Alfred McCurd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th July 1868.
I, CLAVERHOUSE ALFRED MCCURD, of Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in sewing machines working
with a single thread. At the upper part of the frame of the machine is
a horizontal revolving shaft mounted in suitable bearings. A disc is
fixed to the left-hand end of this shaft, having on its face a stud which
works in a suitably formed slot in the needle slide. At the back of the
disc is another stud which lifts the foot, which receives its feed motion
from the edge of the disc. At the right-hand end of the shaft is a wheel
with a handle on its face; a link descends from this handle to a crank
fixed to a shaft at the lower part of the machine. At the other end of
this shaft is a vibrating hook or looper, part of the ring of which is
concentric with the point depressed towards the axis.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAM FLASKS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Plant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1868.
I, JAMES PLANT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Dram Flask
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAM FLASKS," to be as follows:-
Dram flasks are usually provided with a screw cap, the one part
of which is fixed by a cement of a corrosive nature with a rim fitting
on the top of the glass neck of the flask. In this manner the spirit
or liquid contained being brought into contact in pouring and otherwise
with the metallic screw collar produces the corrosion of the metal, and
also destroys the cement by which it is united to the flask neck, besides
spoiling the contents by the action of the spirit on the metal and
cement.
According to my improvements I slightly increase the length of the
neck of the flask, and instead of making the screwed collar with a
rim fitting on the top in the manner before described, I fit it entirely
on the exterior of said neck which is made to project above the
screwed collar, and over which the screw cap fits. In this manner the

page_text: liquid or spirit contained in the flask will be kept pure and entirely
preserved from contact with the metal cap at all times. I prefer to
make the glass neck of the flask slightly convex on the interior to
facilitate pouring, said neck, when the screw cap is applied, being in
close contact with the cork lining of the same, so as to prevent any
leakage of the contents.
AN APPARATUS ADJUSTABLE TO THE FORM OF THE HUMAN FIGURE FOR THE PURPOSES OF MEASURING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Michael Wolmershausen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd December 1868.
I, GEORGE MICHAEL WOLMERSHAUSEN, of May Fair, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN APPARATUS ADJUSTABLE TO THE FORM OF THE HUMAN FIGURE FOR THE
PURPOSES OF MEASURING," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an apparatus to be fitted to the bodies of
persons requiring to be measured for coats, waistcoats, or similar articles
of dress, by means of which the symmetrical or other proportions of the
body are readily and accurately obtained so as to enable the coat to be
cut therefrom with greater facility and precision and without necessitating
the coats, waistcoats, or other garments being tried on before completion,
as at present; and consists of a jointed combination of metallic bands or
belts provided with clips and catch fastenings for arranging and adjusting
the same to the body through the medium of perforations formed in the
under slips (constituting the bands or belts) with corresponding pro-
jections on the upper ones, which are made to slide together in their
position face to face, and admit of being extended or contracted to the

page_text: various sizes and inequalities in the measurement of the body by the
employment of sliding loops together with the spring catches aforesaid,
and at the same time prevent their shifting out of place whilst being
adjusted to or removed from the figure; thus, for example, one strip is
made to pass from the back of the neck down the spine and round the
hips, from thence over the chest and round the neck, across the back in
two places, which with other points terminate (as may be found
necessary) in the front of the shoulder blade or otherwise, whilst fixed
plates having regulating index points, graduated or otherwise, are so
arranged as to accomodate itself with the rest of the framework to the
figure, as also to indicate the points of measurement required, that upon
the apparatus being removed from the body and laid flat upon the cloth,
the slightest deviation in the outline or configuration of the person is
guaged and allowed for in the cloth before being made up.