Improvements in Electric Batteries, Electrodes, and Method of Making the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 13th Nov., 1897
Improvements in Electric Batteries, Electrodes, and Method of
Making the same.
A communication from abroad by The BELL ELECTRIC COMPANY, of No. 46 East
14th Street, New York City, New York, United States of America, a
corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York.
I, REGINALD WILLIAM JAMES, of the Firm of Fell & James, of No. 1 Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Chartered Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My improvements in primary electric batteries relate more particularly to the
positive electrode and the mode of making or producing the same, and my inven-
tion has for its main object to provide a relatively more powerful efficient and
durable battery than has heretofore been constructed.
My invention consists in the construction of the battery as a whole and in the
construction of the positive electrode thereof, as well as in the methods, processes
or manner of making said electrode, and in the various solutions employed and
in other features, all as will be hereinafter more fully described and particularly
pointed out in the appended claims.
The term " positive" electrode has reference to that electrode from which the
current flows through the outside circuit, as determined by electrical measuring
instruments.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a battery embodying my improvements.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the electrode.
Figure 3 is a similar view of the electrode before completion and showing the
mechanical construction of the same.
Figure 4 is a plan view of one of the lead plates or disks shown in edge view
at Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a similar view of another of the lead plates or disks shown also in
edge view at Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the disk shown'at Figure 4.
Figure 7 is a similar section of the disk at Figure 5; and
Figure 8 is a plan view of a modified form of disk which may be used in con-
nection with the disk shown at Figure 5.
In the various views the same part will be found designated by the same
numeral of reference.
1 designates the battery case or jar; 2 a zinc element; and 3 our new electrode,
which will be presently more fully described as to its construction and mode of
manufacture. 4 designates the battery fluid which is a specially prepared
solution also to be hereinafter specified."
Referring to the zinc element, 5 is a screw which is cast in the upper end of

page_text: said element and projects considerably beyond the same. Upon this screw is
mounted a soft rubber washer or gasket 6, made circular in contour, and which
is adapted to a beveled or flaring seat 7 formed at a circular opening in the
material of the box or case, and which material is preferably made of an insulat-
ing composition of matter which is also water tight and acid proof. Any known
or suitable composition of matter for this purpose may be employed. Preferably
molded or embedded within the case about said opening is a ring or thimble 8
which is provided interiorly with a circular-flange- 9, on which may bear a
metallic disk or washer 10, perforated centrally for mounting upon said screw,
and upon the free end of said screw is also mounted a binding nut 11, which rests
upon the said washer 10 and, together with the same, the Hanged ring and the
screw operates to expand the rubber gasket 6 within the tapering or flaring opening 7
when the binding or clamping nut is screwed down, thus making a gas and
liquid tight joint at this locality.
.
In the screwing down operation of the nut, the washer 10 takes a bearing on
the flange 9, and as the screw is drawn up by the nut the rubber gasket, being
opposed by the underside of said washer and by a shoulder 12 on the zinc, is
compressed in the direction of its length and the laterally expanded periphery
thereof is caused to seat closely against the tapering wall of the opening in the
box or casing, and causes the washer 10 to be forced down into contact with the
flange of the ring, thereby forming a desirable electrical connection therewith.
To said ring is soldered or otherwise connected a conducting wire 13; but if
desired, the said conductor 13 may be attached to the washer 10, there being a
metallic contact from the zinc, through the screw and nut, to the said washer.
Referring now to the electrode 3, the upper portion of said electrode is con-
structed in precisely the manner just described with reference to the electrode 2;
that is to say, there is a screw 5 cast into the upper end of said electrode, a
rubber gasket 6, a washer 10 and a nut 11 mounted upon said screw, and the said
washer takes a bearing upon a flange 9 of a ring 8 molded or embedded in the
material of the box or case, which has a conical or tapering opening 7 to receive
the rubber gasket, all in the manner described with reference to the construction.
of the upper portion of the element 2. Connected with the molded or flanged
ring of the battery element 3 is a conducting wire 14, but which wire, as before
described, may if desired, be attached to the washer beneath the nut.
The battery element 3 comprises, in addition to the devices just, described, a
central stem or rod 15 which is composed of a practically inattackable metal;
and said stem or rod is formed with an integral head 16 of the same metal and
in which the head of the attaching screw 5 is cast. At the opposite end of said
stem 15 is provided another head 17 of the same kind of metal, and said head is
preferably attached to the stem by means of an iron placed thereon, containing
sufficient heat to cause the metal of the stem to flux or fuse with the metal of the
head, and without the use of acids, salts or other ingredients. This mode of
affixing the head 17 to the end of the stem results in practically as firm a con-
nection between the parts as could be obtained by casting the said head of a piece
with the stem. This head must be made separate from the stem in order that
the series of disks 18 may be applied to said stem. After the application of said
series of disks, the head is connected to the stem as above described so as to retain.
said disks in position upon said head.
The metallic stem and its heads 16 and 17 are made of the following substance
in order to render them practically inattackable in electrolytic processes herein-
after to be described: Ninety (90) pounds of commercial "lead and eight (8)
pounds of antimony; mixing therewith a small quantity of telluriate to cause
the first mentioned ingredients to mix and flux easily. The telluriate here
mentioned is made from ammonia sulphate one hundred (100) parts and sulphate
of tellurium, or any other suitable salt of tellurium, one (1) part. Indeed, metallic
tellurium may be used with the ammonium sulphate instead of a salt of tellurium.
While I have found the above proportions of lead and antimony to be suitable for

page_text: the production of stem and heads, I do not wish to be limited to the exact pro-
portions stated, as they may be varied considerably without departing essentially,
from the product obtained.
The disks or plates 18 are made of commercial lead and each is perforated
centrally as at 19 in order that it may be strung upon the said stem.
Each disk
is formed or provided with a set of projections 20 on one side and which rest
against or bear upon the plane or opposite side of an adjacent or lower disk. By
means of said projections the disks are kept apart or separated as shown clearly
at Figure 3.
The projections are preferably formed by stamping or pressing out from the
stock of the disk loop-like devices as shown at Figure 6 and which are produced
by simply pressing the middle outwardly or downwardly. The projections are
formed on radial lines as shown at Figures 4, 5 and 8.
By reference to Figures 4 and 5, it will be observed that the projections on
the disk at Figure 4 are arranged nearer the center of the disk than those on the
disk at Figure 5. This is for the purpose of preventing the projections of one
disk from reristering with and entering the depressions of its adjacent disk, the
depressions, it will be understood, being produced on one side by a die pressing
out the projections to the opposite side. In practice the disks of the Figures 4
and 5 are placed alternately on the stem, and hence by arranging the projections
as shown there is no possibility of two adjacent disks coming close together.
Instead of the disk shown at Figure 5 that shown at Figure 8 may be employed
in connection with the disk shown at Figure 4, the disk shown at Figure.8 being
provided on each radial line with two short projections.
By forming the projections on radial lines, as shown, the projections of one
disk are differently disposed from those of an adjacent disk, and the bodies of
the disks are properly spaced or held apart, and yet there is a continuous metallic
contact throughout the series of disks, which is essential.
The perforations 19 in the disks should be enough larger than the diameter of
the stem to allow the series of disks to move up or down or lengthwise of the
stem with considerable freedom in order that the "formning" process to be
presently described may be successfully carried out.
When the series of disks have been strung upon the stem and the head 17
secured thereto as shown at Figure 3, the partially constructed electrode is now
put through a cleansing process, which consists in treating the said electrode to
a bath composed of carbonate of soda and water, about saturate solution. The
electrode is boiled in this solution for about fifteen minutes and is thereby cleansed
of grease and other foreign substances, after which it is rinsed in clean water.
The electrode is now in condition to undergo the first of the several processes to
which it must be subjected before completion.
The first electrolytic process I denominate the "toning" process, and this is
carried on in the following manner and in connection with the following solution:
A number of the partially constructed electrodes, such as shown at Figure 3, are
placed either in series or multiple in an acidulated mercurial solution composed
of sulphuric acid one part by weight (66 degrees strength); water ten parts by
weight; and bisulphate of mercury one fifth of one part weight. A current of
constant, or other suitable electricity is now allowed to pass through the solution
and electrodes, the wattage and the time employed depending upon the size and
number of electrodes to be toned." The result of this action or process is to
cause a thin electrolytic coating of metallic mercury to be deposited upon all
submerged portions of the electrodes.
"
This coating or plating of the electrodes renders the lead disks extremely
sensitive to the processes which are to follow, but before further treatment of the
electrodes they should be thoroughly washed in running water.
I shall now describe the forming" process and also the ingredients employed
in connection therewith. Two solutions are prepared for use in this process.,
First, I prepare a solution of sulphuric acid fifteen (15) parts weight, and water

page_text: one hundred (100) parts weight. (This sulphuric acid as well as all sulphuric
acids used by me is preferably made from brimstone and free from any appreci-
able amount of iron or arsenic.) The said solution of sulphuric acid and water
should be allowed to cool before the addition thereto of the immediately following
chemicals:
Caustic potash one-fiftieth of one part and sequinitrate or a higher nitrate of
magnesium three-quarters of one part, both by weight.
These two ingredients are then simultaneously added to the solution last above
mentioned and the whole is. carefully stirred and then allowed to stand for a few
minutes until the potash and magnesium are thoroughly dissolved.
To this solution is then added the second solution referred to and which is
composed of glyceride, potassium S. S. one-quarter part, and nitric acid C. P.
seventy-seven (77) parts, by weight, to ten (10) parts of water by weight. Of this
solution. I use one and one-quarter (14) parts with the first or nitrate solution.
The specific gravity of the complete solution should be from about ten hundred and
fifty-five (1055) to ten hundred and seventy-five (1075).
This completes the preparation of the “forming" solution and the “forming'
process may now be carried on.
"
The electrodes previously toned, are now placed in a bath of the forming
solution just referred to and a suitable current of electricity is passed through the
solution and the series of electrodes, the amount of current being in proportion
to the surfaces and height of the electrodes. In making small batteries 'I have in
practice used from one-fifth of one ampere (1/5) to five (5) amperes, according to
the size of the electrodes. This current should not be discontinued nor should
the electrodes be raised out of the solution even for inspection until the "forming'
is thoroughly completed, which is when the amount of the formed chemical or
"active material on the electrodes is at its maximum, and this is when the
active material extends to or beyond the peripheral lines of the disks. The form-
ing process may be completed in from three (3) to twelve (12) hours, according to
the size and character of the electrodes being formed.
د,
The active material is apparently formed or deposited from the center of the
disk radially outward, and when completely formed is black, hard and of a
crystalline nature. In the forming action, the leaden disks are gradually eaten
away and are replaced by the active material, and at the completion of the form-
ing action there is but a small amount of lead remaining in the mass of active
material, and which mass takes the general form of the series of leaden disks, as
shown in the sectional view at Figure 1. The lead of which the disks are com-
posed is thrown down in the form of a nitrate and may be again reduced to
metallic lead by well known processes. Before the leaden disks are entirely
eaten away or destroyed the active material formed by the electrolytic process
is deposited or plated upon both sides of each disk, the spaces formed by the pro-
jections between adjacent disks permitting of such deposits of the active material.
As. this deposit of the active material takes place the disks may move relatively
to one another owing to their capacity to slide freely along the stem, the pro-
jections of soft lead being capable of flattening as the expansion occurs.
forming of the active material is not always uniform upon the entire series of
disks, the deposit on some of the disks being more rapid than on others and also
varying some in depth on each individual disk until the completion of the
**forming process, when, as above explained, the disks have substantially
disappeared.
39
The
When the forming of the electrodes is completed, as above described, the
electrode is removed from its bath and is rinsed in water and then immediately
subjected to what I call the "hardening" process, which is one that renders the
active material harder, more cohesive, proof against damaging atmospheric
influences and thoroughly commercial. This process also renders the electrode
proof against unnatural and undesirable discharge in service.
The solution with which the so-called hardening process is carried on is com-

page_text: posed of magnesium sulphate S. S. one part weight; glycerine one-half part
weight; and water one part weight; mixed thoroughly. The electrode contain-
ing the active material is placed in a bath of this solution for four or five seconds
or until it becomes warm.
The electrode is then placed quickly in a solution composed of sulphuric acid
one part and water ten (10) parts, and allowed to remain therein until all of the
gas bubbles have departed from the electrode. It is then allowed to dry for a
few minutes; this completes the "hardening" process.
Then the electrode is preferably put through this further process, in which
the following solution is used: --Sulphuric acid and water, a sufficient quantity
of each to render the mixture twelve hundred (1200) specific gravity. Which
will be about one part sulphuric acid to four and one-half (4) parts of water.
A current of electricity is then sent through the solution and the electrode at
from two (2) to three (3) volts and from one-fifth of one ampere to fifteen (15)
amperes, according to the size of the electrode, for a short time. The electrode is
then washed thoroughly in water. While I prefer to use the last mentioned
process for the reason that it counteracts the heating effects of the hardening
process and restores the color to the electrode, and because it also increases the
efficiency of the electrode, it will be understood, however, that I do not regard
this process as essential to the production of a thoroughly commercial electrode.
On the completion of this last mentioned process the electrode may be subjected
to a "finishing" process; that is, it may be dipped into a solution composed of
magnesium sulphate and water S. S., which solution is permitted to dry on the
electrode. The latter is then ready for use in the battery, in conjunction with
the other elements of a couple, as the zinc electrode 2 and an acidulated battery
solution 4, such as the following to wit:--One composed of sulphuric acid thirty-two
(32) parts, water eighty (80) parts, sulphate soda S. S. five (5) parts and sulphate
magnesium ten (10) parts. These proportions as well as others herein given
are susceptible of course of some variation. This battery solution may be used
with other positive and negative electrodes, and being novel, I wish to claim it
per se. The object of the finishing process is to envelop the electrode in a
coating of soluble salts of magnesium which renders it impervious to all atmo
spheric action, but this finishing process may be dispensed with if desired, although
I prefer it.
I have found in practice that electrodes made as hereinabove described when
submerged in the battery solution just referred to will deliver fifty (50) ampere
hours per pound weight, and that the electro-motive force per cell will be
two and five-tenths (2 5/10) to two and seven-tenths (2 7/10), and that the normal
rate of discharge will be from twenty-five (25) to fifty (50) amperes per one
square foot of surface of electrode.
In the several electrolytic processes above described the vessels employed to
contain the electrolyte are preferably lead lined, the said lining conveying the
current to the electrolyte.
In the use of the battery the conducting wires 13 and 14 may be connected to
either an electric lamp, a bell, or other desired translating device or contrivance.
In the foregoing description. I have described in detail the precise methods
employed by me in the production of my novel electrode and battery, but I do
Lot wish to be limited to a single process involving all the sub-processes or steps
practised by me, although I have obtained the best results in practice by adhering
thereto. But I conceive it to be possible to use some of my sub-processes or steps
without the others with, beneficial results.
In regard to the several solutions employed, while I have stated fully their
several compositions and the best proportions now known to me, I also desire it
to be understood that I do not wish to be limited to the employment of precisely
all of the ingredients named and to exactly the proportions specified, since these
may be departed from to some extent without substantial change of the results
obtained.

page_text: While I prefer to use a zinc electrode.in conjunction with my novel electrode 3
I do not wish to-be limited thereto as any other suitable battery element may be
employed in connection therewith instead of the said zinc electrode.
I have shown my improvements carried out in a small battery designed more
particularly for use in connection with low power electric lamps for bicycles and
miners' use, which batteries I have marketed to a considerable extent, but my
improvements are of course applicable to all styles and sizes of batteries and must
therefore not be limited to the precise construction or form of battery or electrode
herein shown:
Instead of forming the electrode from a series of disks, the electrode may be
constructed from a series of lead plates of any size or shape, or from a single plate
of lead either plain or perforated or formed gridlike after the manner of storage
battery plates. The lead disks, plates or supports, whether arranged in series or
singly should be preferably provided with a centrally disposed core, stem or the
like, composed of a practically inattackable metal to act as a conductor for the
current in the electrolytic action and to withstand such action, especially while
the forming of the electrode is taking place.
The improved electrode and battery result largely, in my opinion, from the
employment, in the production and use of the electrode, of magnesium.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The process of "toning" an electrode which consists in immersing the same
in a bath containing a soluble salt of mercury, and in then passing an electric
current through the electrode and the solution in which it is immersed; sub-
stantially as set forth.
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2. The process of "toning an electrode which consists in immersing the same
in a bath of sulphuric acid, water and mercury sulphate, and in then passing an
electric current through the electrode and through the solution in which it is
immersed; substantially as set forth.
3. In the process. of "forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid and a nitrate, and in subjecting the whole to
the action of an electric current; substantially as set forth.
4. In the process of "forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid and magnesium, and in then subjecting the
whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as set forth.
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5. In the process of "forming an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in a
solution containing nitric acid and a nitrate of magnesium, and in subjecting the
whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as set forth.
6. In the process of "forming
33
an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid and a high nitrate of magnesium, and in subject-
ing the whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as set forth.
7. In the process of "forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid and a nitrate, and in subjecting
the whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as set forth.
8. In the process of “forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in a
solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid and magnesium, and in subjecting
the whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as set forth.
9. In the process of "forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in a
solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid and a nitrate of magnesium, and
in subjecting the whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as set
forth.
10. In the process of "forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric and a high nitrate of magnesium,
and in subjecting the whole to the action of an electric current; substantially as
set forth.

page_text: 11. In the process of “forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid, a high nitrate of magnesium,
glycerine and potash, and in subjecting the whole to the action of an electric
current; substantially as set forth.
12. In the process of “forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid, water, a nitrate, glycerine and.
potash, and in subjecting the whole to the action of an electric current; sub-
stantially as set forth.
13. In the process of “forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
a solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid, water, magnesium, glycerine
and potash, and in subjecting the whole to the action of an electric current;
substantially as set forth.
a
14. In the process of "forming" an electrode, immersing the metallic lead in
solution containing nitric acid, sulphuric acid, water, a high nitrate of
magnesium, glycerine and potash, and in subjecting the whole to the action of
an electric current; substantially as set forth.
15. The mode of producing the "forming" solution which consists in first
making a solution containing sulphuric acid and a nitrate, and in then mixing
therewith a solution of glycerine and nitric acid; substantially as set forth.
16. The mode of producing the forming" solution which consists in making
a solution of sulphuric acid, water and a nitrate, and in then adding thereto
glyceride of potassium and nitric acid; substantially as set forth.
17. The mode of producing the forming" solution which consists in making
a solution of sulphuric acid and water, in then adding thereto potash and a high
nitrate of magnesium, and in then mixing therewith a solution composed of
glyceride of potassium and nitric acid; substantially as set forth.
18. An electrolytic solution for "forming" electrodes from metallic lead com-
prising sulphuric acid, water, a nitrate and nitric acid; substantially as set forth.
19. An electrolytic solution for forming" electrodes from metallic lead con-
sisting of sulphuric acid, water, potash, a high nitrate of magnesium, glyceride of
potassium and nitric acid; substantially as set forth.
20. The process of "hardening" an electrode which has been "formed" by
electrolytic action, substantially as described, which consists in subjecting the
same to a bath containing a magnesium salt; substantially as set forth.
"
21. The process of "hardening" an electrode which has been formed" by
electrolytic action, substantially as described, which consists in subjecting the
same to a bath containing a magnesium sulphate, glycerine and water; sub-
stantially as set forth..
22. The process of "hardening "an electrode which has been "formed" by electro-
lytic action, substantially as described, which consists in subjecting the same to
a bath containing a magnesium salt, and in then immersing the same in a second
bath containing a solution of sulphuric acid and water; substantially as set
forth.
66
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23. The process of "hardening" an electrode which has been " formed by
electrolytic action which consists in subjecting the same to a bath containing
magnesium sulphate, glycerine, and water, and in then immersing the same in a
second bath containing sulphuric acid and water; substantially as set forth.
24. The method of treating an electrolytically
formed electrode which
consists in first "hardening" the same, substantially as set forth and in then
immersing the "hardened".electrode in an acidulated solution and passing a
current of electricity through the solution and the electrode: substantially as set
forth.
25. The method of treating an electrolytically "formed" electrode which
consists in, first hardening" the same, and in then subjecting the electrode to
electrolytic action in a solution containing sulphuric acid and water; sub-
stantially as set forth.
26. The method of "finishing" an electrolytically "formed" electrode, which

page_text: .
is subsequently hardened," which consists in treating the same to a solution
containing a magnesium salt; substantially as set forth.
27. The method of "finishing" an electrolytically formed" electrode, which
is subsequently "hardened," which consists in treating the same to a solution
composed of magnesium sulphate and water; substantially as set forth.
28. The method of making an electrode which consists in immersing metallic
lead in a solution containing nitric acid and a nitrate, in then subjecting
the whole to the action of an electric current, and in then "hardening" the
electrode in a solution containing a salt of magnesium; substantially as set
forth.
29. The method of making an electrode which consists in immersing metallic
lead in a solution containing nitric acid and a nitrate of magnesium in then sub-
jecting the whole to the action of an electric current, in then "hardening" the
electrode in a solution containing a salt of magnesium, and in then finishing'
the electrode by the application of a solution containing a salt of magnesium;
substantially as set forth.
"
30. The method of making an electrode which consists in immersing the
metallic lead in a solution containing nitric acid and a nitrate of magnesium, in
then subjecting the whole to the action of an electric current, in then
"hardening" the electrode in a solution containing a salt of magnesium, in then
immersing the electrode in a solution of sulphuric acid and water, and passing a
current of electricity therethrough, and in then subjecting the electrode to the
action of a "finishing" solution containing a salt of magnesium; substantially
as set forth.
31. An electrolyte containing in an acid solution soda and magnesium; sub-
stantially as set forth.
32. An electrolyte containing sulphuric acid, water, sulphate soda and sulphate
of magnesium; substantially as set forth.
33. A battery comprising a negative element as zinc a positive element formed
substantially as described, and an electrolyte containing in an acid solution soda
and magnesium; substantially as set forth.
34. In combination with a battery cell or jar made of insulating material and
having an opening surrounded by a flanged ring or thimble a battery element
provided with a screw, a soft rubber gasket, a nut, an interposed washer, and a
suitable electric conductor; substantially as set forth.
35. The combination of a battery cell or jar made of insulating material and
having an opening, a flanged ring or thimble molded therein, a battery element
having a screw cast therein, a rubber gasket, a tapering seat therefor, a nut, an
interposed washer, and an electric conductor; substantially as set forth.
36. A battery element comprising a core or stem and heads, and composed of a
practically inattackable alloy, and a mass of active material electrolytically formed
on said core or stem Between said leads; substantially as set forth.
37. A device adapted to be converted into a battery element by electrolytic
action, consisting of a core or stem and heads composed of a practically inattack-
able alloy and a series of leaden disks or plates provided with means for creating
a series of spaces between said disks for the formation or deposit of the active
material and for the purpose of exposing the core and facilitating the deposit of
the active material; substantially as set forth.
38. The combination of a core or stem and a head united thereto by means of
heat, the core and head both being made of an alloy composed of commercial lead,
antimony, and "telluriate" in substantially the proportions mentioned.
39. The series of leaden disks, each series having radial projections, the pro-
jections of one series being arranged out of line or register with those of the other
series, so that when the two series of disks are strung alternately upon a rod or
stem the said projections serve to hold them apart, substantially equidistantly,
but maintaining electric contact throughout the two series, and at the same time

page_text: exposing the stem or core for contact with the electrolytic fluid in which the
device is used as battery element; substantially as set forth.
Dated this 25th day of September 1897.
FELL & JAMES,
Agents for the Applicant