IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP OR PILE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Renton, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Cloth Dresser, Thomas Renton, of Leeds, aforesaid, Millwrights, and
William Binns, of Leeds, aforesaid, Cloth Finisher, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Renton, Thomas
Renton, and William Binns at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd January 1859.
We, WILLIAM RENTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cloth Dresser,
THOMAS RENTON, of Leeds, aforesaid, Millwright, and WILLIAM BINNS, of
Leeds, aforesaid, Cloth Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP OR PILE OF TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention bas for its object improvements in raising the nap or pile of
testile fabrics. For these purposes two raising cylinders are used and two
beds. The fabric to be raised is kept distended, and is moved slowly over a
bed which is formed in the shape of a trough, the fabric when being raised
resting on the two sides of the trough, whilst the part of the fabric which is
across the trough is allowed to assume a curved form corresponding with the
curvature of the raising cylinders, or the trough is filled with elastic material
so as to present an elastic bed for the fabric. The first raising cylinder is
wound round with fillet cards in a direction from the centre or middle
outwards towards each end of the cylinder, in a similar manner to that in

page_text: which stretching rollers have fillet cards set thereon, so that in its revolution
this cylinder will raise the nap or pile on the fabric in a direction from the
middle outwards towards the two selvages of the fabric. Or, in place of using
wire cards, teazles may be similarly set on the first raising cylinder. The
fabric having been thus raised, passes to an ordinary stretching roller and
apparatus for keeping it distended and tight to another bed over which it is
moved; this bed is similarly formed to that before described; over this bed the
second raising cylinder works, the cards or teazles on which are set in the
ordinary manner, by which means the nap or pile will be first raised in a
direction from the centre outwards; and, secondly, by an ordinary raising
cylinder set in the usual manner, but which works with an elastic bed or
trough, as described, and the second raising cylinder is arranged to rotate
either with or opposed to the motion of the fabric. The fabric is joined end.
to end so as to make an endless band, which is to be continually moved
through and through the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Renton, Thomas Renton, and William Binns in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
RENTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cloth Dresser, THOMAS RENTON, of
Leeds, aforesaid, Millwright, and WILLIAM BINNS, of Leeds, aforesaid, Cloth
Finisher, send greeting.
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said William Renton, Thomas Renton, and William Binns, Her
special licence that we, the said William Renton, Thomas Renton, and
William Binns, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said William Renton, Thomas Renton, and William Binns, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING THE NAP OR PILE OF
TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said

page_text: William Renton, Thomas Renton, and William Binns, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals,.
or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Renton, on. behalf of myself:
and the said William Renton and William Binns, do bereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in raising the nap or pile of;
textile fabrics. For these purposes two raising cylinders are used and two
beds. The fabric to be raised is kept distended, and is moved slowly over a
bed which is formed in the shape of a trough, the fabric when being raised.
resting on the two sides of the trough, whilst the part of the fabric which is
across the trough is allowed to assume a curved form, corresponding with the
curvature of the raising cylinder, or the trough is filled with elastic material.
so as to present an elastic bed for the fabric. The first raising cylinder is
wound round with fillet cards in a direction from the centre or middle
outwards towards each end of the cylinder, in a similar manner to that in
which stretching rollers have fillet cards set thereon, so that in its revolution:
this cylinder will raise the nap or pile on the fabric in a direction from the
middle outwards towards the two selvages of the fabric. Or, in place of using
wire cards, teazles may be similarly set on the first raising cylinder. The
fabric having been thus raised passes to an ordinary stretching roller and
apparatus for keeping it distended. and tight to another bed, over which it is
inoved; this bed is similarly formed to that before described; over this bed the
second raising cylinder works, the cards or teażles on which are set in the
ordinary manner, by which means the nap or pile will be first raised in a
direction from the centre outwards; and, secondly, by an ordinary raising
cylinder set in the usual manner, but which works with an elastic bed or
trough, as described, and the second raising cylinder is arranged to rotate
either with or opposed to the motion of the fabric. The fabric is joined end
to end so as to make an endless band, which is to be continually moved
through and through the machine.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more fully
to describe the manuer of performing the same. We prefer to employ raising

page_text: cylinders of about two feet six inches in diameter, and to cause them to rotate
at the rate of about fifty revolutions per minute when using cards, and about
one hundred and fifty revolutions per minute when using teazles, but these
dimensions and speeds may be varied; and with each raising cylinder we use a
hollow or trough-like bed of about four inches wide, and of a length depending
on the width of the machine, and the edges of the trough-like bed on which
the fabric is supported are rounded. The beds are raised by means of
excentrics or by other convenient means, so as to cause the fabric or cloth to
be more or less. pressed against the raising cylinders. On the first raising
cylinder fillets of wire cards are applied, and are wound or fixed thereon in a
spiral direction from the centre outwards. On the second raising cylinder the
cards are set in the usual manner, or teazles may be used in place of wire
cards, but they are to be fixed or set thereon as above described in respect to
the wire cards. The surface of the first raising cylinder moves in the same
direction as the cloth or fabric, and the second raising cylinder is arranged to
move or be driven in either direction, and it is desirable from time to time to
reverse its action and change the cards or teazles. When raising coarse goods,
we do not usually employ any elastic materials in the troughs, but we prefer
to use elastic material, such as vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable
substance; and over the upper part of the trough and over the elastic material
we apply woven horse-hair cloth. The cloth or fabric is caused to move
slowly through and through the machine, in doing so the cloth or fabric
passes over an ordinary stretching roller, then over a trough bed, then over a
stretching roller, then down under a plain roller, then over a stretching
roller, then over the next bed, and then over another stretching roller. The
peculiarity of the machine consists in the combined use of two raising
cylinders, such as herein described, and beds as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Renton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
THOMAS KENTON. (L.S.)