Improvements in Rims and Pneumatic Tyres for Road and other .Vehicles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd: Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Aug., 1895-Accepted, 28th Sept.,
1895
Improvements in Rims and Pneumatic Tyres for Road and other
.Vehicles.
I. CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth. Avenue Longsight Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The objects of my invention are to improve the metal rims of the wheels of road
and other vehicles to which the pneumatic tyres are attached, and also. to improve
the outer or covering portion of the pneumatic tyres themselves, to facilitate the
attachment of the tyre to the rim and its detachment therefrom when. required for
repairs and other purposes.
I form the metal rim in section somewhat in the shape of an egg cup, the outer
part.or cup being formed to receive the tubular portion of the pneumatic tyre, and
what inay be termed the foot turned upwards and inwards at the edges, so as to
form two undercut channels or grooves to receive the thickened edges of the flaps
of the outer cover of the tyre as hereinafter described.
This improved rim may be rolled in one complete section or it may be built up
in two parts, one of which is heated and shrunk onto the other, a bead or projection
being preferably formed on one and a corresponding groove or recess in the other,
so that when they are combined by shrinking they cannot move laterally the one on
the other.
They may also be further united by rivets or like fastenings if preferred.
I might first shrink the inner portion or ring of the metal rim onto the wooden or
other felloe of the wheel and then shrink on the outer portion or ring to complete
the metal rim.
The improved cover which forms the outer portion of the rubber tyre to enclose
the inflated air tube, I make! by preference of combined india rubber and canvas,
and of such a section that the inner or tubular portion will fit inside the outer
part (or cup) of the metal rim. This portion of the cover will be split on the
inside so as to allow the cover to be opened for the insertion or removal of. the air
tube, and when the edges of the split are brought together the cover will entirety
surround the-air tube.
The outer portion of this tubular cover is made with two continuous flaps (one
along each side) which pass, outside. the ..cupped portion of the metal rim,and
their thickened edges are embedded into the two undercut grooves formed by
turning upwards and inwards the edges of the foot or base of the metal rim-as
before described, whereby the outer covering of the pneumatic tyre is firmly secured
in its place. And in order to render this fastening more secure I pass through the
thickened edges of the flaps above mentioned a wire which may be made into a
complete ring or hoop rather smaller in diameter than the bottom portion of..the
improved section of rim, so that it can be inserted at one side and sprang over into
the groove or recess in the way now commonly practised.
It will be seen that when both flaps of the cover are thus fixed in position it will
be impossible for the cover to become forced out of its place by any strain to which
it may be subjected when in actual use.

page_text: To facilitate the removal of the side flaps of the tyre from the grooves in the
metal rim I may make notches or holes along at or near the edges of the latter into
which may be inserted the end of a tool or instrument for lifting or prizing upwards
the edges of the flaps.
When two or more air tubes are to be employed side by side, I form the top part
of my improved section of metal rim so that it will have two or more recesses to
receive them, whilst the improved outer cover will be formed in such a way as to
enclose the two or more air tubes.
The object of the improved form of tyre is to provide a more compact cover
for the air tube and to shield it from injury by the steel channel or other
fasteners at present in use, and to prevent dirt, grit, and water from finding
its way through the bottom of the cover to which existing pneumatic tyres are
liable.
Another advantage also obtained is a tendency to lessen the side rolling motion
when the vehicle is passing round sharp corners.
] may fasten the two edges of the split in the cover round the air tube (after the
latter is put in position) by lacing, cementing, or otherwise, and I may also form a
groove in the centre of the metal rim for the two projecting edges of the slit to drop
into, and by so doing they will have a tendency to assist the outer flaps of the cover
to hold more firmly to the metal rim.
The edges of the side flaps of the cover in some cases may be so thickened as to
dispense with the use of wires or other fasteners, in which case the side grooves in
the metal rim would be more undercut and the thickened edges of the flaps would
be required to be forced in.
I may also if preferred use suitable forms of the existing covers in connection
with my improved form of rim.
My invention is also applicable to what are known as " 'spider" wheels, and in
such cases I should attach the outer-ends of the spokes to the inner part of the
improved metal section of rim which would then form the felloe of the wheel.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1894.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Rims and Pneumatic Tyres for Road and other
Vehicles.
I CHARLES CHALLINER of 15 Plymouth Avenue, Longsight Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The objects of my invention are to improve the metal rims of the wheels of
road and other vehicles to which the pneumatic tyres are attached, and also to
improve the outer or covering portion of the pneumatic tyres themselves to
facilitate the attachment of the tyre to the rim and its detachment therefrom when
required for repairs and other purposes.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference to
the sheet of drawings hereunto annexed and the following explanation thereof.
1 form the metal rim in section somewhat in the shape of an egg cup, as shown
in section at Fig. 1, or flattened as shown at Fig. 14 on the drawings, the upper
part a of cup being formed to receive the tubular portion of the pneumatic tyre,
and the part b which may be termed the foot tarned upwards and inwards at the.

page_text: edges, so as to form two undercut channels or grooves to receive the thickened
edges of the flaps of the outer cover c of the tyre as hereinafter described.
This improved rim may be rolled in one complete section or it may be built up
in two parts (as shown at Fig. 2) one of which is heated and shrunk onto the other,
a bead or projection being preferably formed on one and a corresponding groove or
recess in the other, as shown, so that when they are combined by shrinking they
cannot move laterally the one on the other.
They may also be further united by rivets or like fastenings if preferred.
I might first shrink the inner portion or ring of the metal rim onto the wooden
or other felloed of the wheel and then shrink on the outer portion or ring to
complete the metal rim.
The improved cover c which forms the outer portion of the rubber tyre to
enclose the inflated air tube e, I make by preference of combined india rubber and
canvas, and of such a section that the inner or tubular portion will fit inside the
outer part (or cup) a of the metal rim. This portion of the cover will be split on
the inside so as to allow the cover to be opened for the insertion or removal of the
air tube, and when the edges of the split are brought together the cover will
entirely surround the air tube e as shown."
The outer portion of this tubular cover is made with two continuous flaps e+ (one
along each side) which pass outside the cupped portion of the metal rim, and their
edges are embedded into the two undercut grooves formed by turning upwards and
inwards the edges 6 of the foot or base of the metal rim as before described,
whereby the outer covering of the pneumatic tyre is firmly secured in its place.
And in order to render this fastening more secure I may pass through the thickened
edges of the flaps above mentioned a wire f, as shown at Fig. 3, which may be
made into a complete ring or hoop rather smaller in diameter than the bottom
portion of the improved section of rim, so that it can be inserted at one side and
sprung over into the groove or recess in the way now commonly practised. In
this case the bottom part of the air tube e will rest in the recess a.
It will be seen that when both flaps of the cover are thus fixed in position it will
be impossible for the cover to become forced out of its place by any strain to
which it may be subjected when in actual use.
To facilitate the removal of the side flaps of the tyre from the grooves in the
metal rim I may make notches or holes along at or near the edges of the latter
into which may be inserted the end of a tool or instrument for lifting or prizing
upwards the edges et of the flaps.
When two or more air tubes e e¹ as shown at Figs. 4 and 5 are to be employed
side by side, I form the central groove a in the top part of my improved section of
metal rim with a deeper groove having the sides parallel or nearly so whilst the
improved outer cover will be formed in such a way as to enclose the two or more
air tubes, the bottom of the groove a may be filled in with a strip or blocks or
segments of wood g or it may be formed as shown at Fig. 44, or it may be modified
as shown at Fig. 5.
The object of the improved form of tyre is to provide a more compact cover
for the air tube and to shield it from injury by the steel channel or other fasteners
at present in use, and to prevent dirt, grit, and water from finding its way through
the bottom of the cover to which existing pneumatic tyres are liable.
Another advantage also obtained is a tendency to lessen the side rolling motion
when the vehicle is passing round sharp corners.
I may fasten the two edges of the split in the cover round the air tube (after
the latter is put in position) by lacing, cementing, or otherwise, and I
may also
form a groove in the centre of the metal rim for the two projecting edges of the
cover at the slit to drop into, as shown at Figs. 4 and 4*, and by so doing they will
have a tendency to assist the outer flaps ct of the cover to hold more firmly to the
metal rim.
The edges of the side flaps c+ of the cover in some cases may be so thickened
as to dispeuse with the use of wires f, or other fasteners, in which case the side

page_text: grooves in the metal rim would be more undercut and the thickened edges c+ of the
flaps would be required to be forced in.
I may also if preferred use suitable' forms of the existing covers as shown at
Fig. 3 for example, in connection with my improved form of rim.
My invention is also applicable to what are known as "spider" wheels, and in
such cases' I should attach the outer ends of the spokes to the inner part of the
improved.metal section of rim which would then form the felloe of the wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed. 1 declare, that what [
claim is:
:-
First. The manufacture of metal rims for attaching pneumatic tyres to wheels
for road and other vehicles with two or three grooves substantially in the manner
and for the purposes described.
Secondly. I claim in combination with the above form of doubled grooved metal
rim an outer removable tyre cover with the edges meeting in the centre' and
provided with two projecting'flaps, for taking into such grooves, the edges of such
flaps being either thickened or otherwise substantially in the manner and for the
purposes described.
Thirdly. I claim the combination with such double or treble grooved metal of
suitable forms of the existing removable tyre covers substantially as hereinbefore
described. and illustrated by the 'drawings annexed.
. Dated this 1st.day of August. 1895.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, 'Agents for the Applicant.