TUT ATT DAMONTONS MATERIALO
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustin Morel, of Roubaix, in the Department
du Nord, and Empire of France, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
TUT
ATT DAMONTONS MATERIALO"
Sealed the 11th April 1862, and dated the 23rd October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustin Morel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1861.
I, AUGUSTIN MOREL, of Roubaix, in the Department du Nord, and Empire
of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW MACHINE FOR COMBING ALL FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
An indication of the several organic parts of my machine will suffice to
set forth its principle and advantages. Two feeding apparatuses (alternately
approaching and retiring from a nipper or picker, and a circular comb) supply
and present the material to be combed. A double balance nipper or picker
Oscillating vertically and horizontally seizes the material advanced by the
feeding apparatuses. Then these apparatuses recoil and abandon to the
nipper or picker the material seized by small fractions or ribands, which aro
then deposited by the picker in the upper part of the needles or wires of the
circular comb, and are at the same time forced down upon them by a brush.
The pressure of the jaws of this piece is obtained by frictional resistance.

page_text: The circular comb in its rotation receives the material as above stated, and
is continuously stripped of it.
The operation is carried on on both faces of the machine. The combing
is effected by the passage of the material through the feeding wires or needles
on the one part, and the circular comb on the other. That which distinguishes
these combinations from analogous ones is the idea of a double oscillating
nipper or picker; the position of this picker above, and in the middle of
the circular comb (which arrangement permits working on two faces); the
system of nipping or picking by frictional resistance (which gives at the same
time suppleness, and a regular pressure on the material, and renders the
parts independent of each other when opening contrary to the effect of spring
nippers or pickers); and finally the manner in which the picker takes the
material from the feeders and deposits it in the wires or needles of the circular
comb without the assistance of an intermediate comb or other agency; the
conditions being such that one part of the slub (already combed) will be at
the back of the needles which will assure a thorough combing. A jointed
comb giving two rectilineal faces may be substituted for the circular one, and
other modifications may be made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustin Morel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTIN
MOREL, of Roubaix, in the Department du Nord, and Empire of France,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight. hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Augustin Morel, Her special licence that I, the said Augustin Morel,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Augustin
Morel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW MACHINE FOR COMBING ALL
FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said

page_text: Augustin Morel, my executors or administrators,-by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustin Morel, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed and
forming part of this my Specification, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon:-
My Invention consists in a new application of the nipper or picker (whether
double and swinging like a balance beam, or in two separate parts acting
alternately) to effect the combing, using a circular comb, or an articulated or
jointed one. This nipper or picker, which itself. deposits in the comb the fibres
which it has picked, at once quits them in a suitable manner, and without
disturbing their position. The portion of fibre which the nipper or picker
has itself deposited without the aid of any other mechanical agent, has been
combed by a series of needles or wires passing through a grating (as in the
system known as "Josué Heilmann's), and by a fixed or noil comb (s in the
annexed Drawings), which forms part of this series of needles or wires, and
which follows its movement so as to pass through the fibres when the two
parts of the nipper or picker have met. The noil comb (so called as it
retains the noil), places itself as near as possible to this latter, so as thoroughly
to clean the material remaining outside the picker, in order that the part
which is to occupy the wires of the circular comb be thoroughly.freed from its
impurities, which, by this novel arrangement of the picker and noil comb will
be placed behind the wires or needles of the circular comb. As soon as the
nipper or picker has been brought down and retired, a brush furnished with
two blades is lowered.. These blades are placed, the one outside, the other
inside of the needles on the circular comb, which always continuing its rotary
motion brings the material to the drawing roller or cylinder. The hanging
or pendant point of the fibres is suitably arranged for drawing by small metal
plates mounted on an endless chain, the rotary movement of which is in the
same direction as that of the circular comb. The material brought forward
and drawn by the cylinders through the wires of the circular comb abandons
its impurities behind the wires where the picker has deposited them. These
impurities are removed from the. wires by a pair of cylinders, and by blades of

page_text: metal drawing through the rows of wires or needles. This work may also be
done by a circular brush. The combed material, leaving the drawing cylinders,
passes into a funnel, then between two delivering cylinders, giving a continuous
slub or sliver. The nipper or picker, in addition to its novel application, has
particular forms and arrangements in combination with the combs and the
feeding grating. The nipping or picking of the material is effected in a hori-
zontal line passing through the centre of the grating by the two parts of the
nipper which travel towards each other to this point, and thus hold the
material until the fibres are separated in their length. Then the two nipping
parts lower by means of an eccentric with double box, in which roll friction
rollers, the one causing the upper part of the nipper to act, the other the
lower part. This last part of the nipper is mounted on a moveable axle, the
which is suspended as well as the lower part of the nipper by four springs,
moved by a spindle fixed in the radius of the eccentric nearest the centre,
which forms a crank, on which is fixed a rod coupled to the cross-pieces which
carry the springs. This arrangement of springs, connecting rod, and crank,
causes the springs to be at their greatest tension when the two parts of the
nipper or picker meet, the upper part guided only by the lower part, but
obliged to obey its eccentric, causes the lower part to bend by crushing, and
the material to be combed is thus nipped with more or less strength according
to the greater or lesser degree of tension given to the springs by means of the
nuts placed at their extremity. The pressure of the nipper on the material
lessens in proportion to the withdrawal of the feeders, and consequent sepa-
ration of the fibres by the action of the crank spindle mounted on the smallest
radius of the eccentric. The nipper not only rises and falls; but has also a
horizontal oscillating motion; when it is lowered to place the material in the
needles or wires, the upper jaw only is raised, while the lower slightly recoils,
so that in rising it may escape the end of the material which it had nipped
or picked, and which is placed behind the needles. During this time the brush
with two blades has descended and risen at once so as not to intercept the
approach of the nipper to the needles, nor that of the combs and the feeling
grating. This oscillating motion of the nipper is obtained by means of an
eccentric applied behind the eccentric with box, and a friction roller mounted
on the vertical part of the lower jaw of the nipper, which is always drawn back
towards the needles by a spring placed nearly horizontally on each side. The
width between the needles or wires and the nipper or picker is regulated by
means of screws placed on each side, and on the vertical part of the lower
nipper; these screws fulfil the office of stops' against the supports or guides
of the nipper. The brush with two blades intended to complete the pushing

page_text: or sinking of the material into the needles or wires of the circular comb,
receives it rise and fall from an eccentric placed on the axle of the box
eccentric by means of a friction roller mounted on a lever, and placed hori-
zontally and transversely beneath this axle, then by means of a vertical rod and
another balance beam placed at the top of the framing of the machine the
small metal plates mounted on the endless chain presenting the fibres to the
drawing cylinder are moved by a toothed gearing placed on one end of the
arched box in which rolls the chain, which toothed gearing receives.its motion
from the horizontal axle of the box eccentric by means of a pair of conical cogs
and a small vertical shaft. The drawing cylinders receive their motion from
pullies at each end of the driving shaft, fixed at the summit of the framing of the
machine. This motion is transmitted. to them by driving bands. The circular
comb receives its motion from the transversal axle by means of a pair of conical
cogs, two straight cogs placed horizontally, and a small vertical shaft carrying
at its summit a small cog catching or joining into that of the circular comb.
The advance and recoil of the feeding heads is obtained by means of a crank
mounted on a transversal axle of the machine, and by means of a connecting
rod fixed at one end 'on the main support of the feeding heads, and at the
other on the spindle of the crank. The axle of this crank also carries an
eccentric, serving to raise and lower two plates furnished with needles or wires
which pass through the feeding grating from one part to the other; this motion
is also given by means of a friction roller placed on a forked rod, so that the
axle shaft acts as its guide. The lower plate of the feeding grating furnished
with needles or wires is not indispensable, as it only serves to uphold the
material in its approach to the nipper or picker; it might be dispensed with
by rendering the lower part of the feeding grating moveable, so as to give a
slight pressure on the material. Neither is it indispensable that the principal
comb be of a circular form, nor the objects working with it; this circular
comb may be replaced by articulated or jointed combs, which would be made
to describe a straight line, or by a circular comb, the needles or wires of
which would be perpendicular to its axis instead- of parallel with it, with
appropriate feeding apparatus. The toothed gearing which gives motion to
the axles of the eccentrics, tooth directly, and are of equal number so as to
maintain a constant harmony in these two different movements, and so that
the material be transmitted in proper time to these parts travelling together.
The material is introduced into the machine in the following manner :-It
must firstly be formed into continuous slub or sliver, which is passed between
the two cylinders placed before the feeding grating where the slub or sliver
arrives; secondly, at the moment when the needles or wires, upper or lower,

page_text: are not passing through the grating, then a slight motion is given to the
machine until the needles or wires of one or other of the plates pass through
the grating; then the longest fibres are withdrawn by hand and the machine
is set at work. The part of the fibres which passes beyond the grating
presents itself beneath the nipper; thus upheld by this latter the recoil of the
feeding heads takes place. The "noil" comb" finding itself at this moment
placed above the upper part of the nipper lowers the material which is held by
the nipper, and the feeding grating being freed from these needles in retiring
slides until the upper needles or wires arrest it. Then the combing of the
fibres takes place, and the material is thus advanced at each revolution the
length of the distance between the "noil comb" and the end of the grating.
This mode of advancing the material may be indifferently replaced by a second
small nipper placed at the end of the grating, which would simply hold the
slubs or slivers. The main nippers or pickers thus placed at the two ex-
tremities of the circular comb, and within this latter, may also be replaced
indifferently by a double balance nipper, the resistance of the lower part of
which against the upper may be obtained by friction, as shewn at K', K",
Sheet 1, in the Drawing. This last mode of nipping or picking does not in
any way alter the working of the machine, and the principle is the same inas-
much as the simple nippers travel in inverse direction to each other, and
execute their movements entirely in the same manner, having their jaws also
in the same position.
In the accompanying Drawings, Sheet 1 shews sections of my machine, and
Sheet 2 same in plan, the same letters of reference denoting the same parts in
plan or section, the rotary movements being indicated by arrows, and the
toothed gearing by their circumference in red lines; the material is colored
blue. A indicates the upper part of the framing; A', cross piece uniting the
two parts of the framing; B, the main framing; C, C, the two supports of
the driving shaft placed at the top of the upper framing; C", brush and its
supports serving to complete the sinking or pressing of the material into the a
circular comb; D, pulleys placed at each extremity of the driving shaft, and
serving to command the two drawing heads corresponding with the pullies D";
D', pair of cylinders mounted on the feeding heads, which serve to bring in or
deliver the material; E, upper part of the nipper or picker; F, driving pulley
and loose pulley of the machine; F¹, grooved support guiding the moveable 3
bearings serving to support the whole of the nipper; G, driving shaft; G¹, G",
friction rollers and supports working with the box eccentric, and serving to
move the two parts of the nipper; H, pair of conical cogs serving to con-
municate the motion of the driving shaft to the vertical one I, which transmits

page_text: it in its turn to the transversal shaft K, which communicates it to the
other parts of the machine; I', plate with arched box, in which circu-
lates an endless chain with small metal plates upon it, intended to present
the fibres engaged in the circular comb to the drawing cylinder; L, 'circle or
ring furnished with needles or wires which receives the material from the
nipper to transmit it to the drawing cylinders; L, L", springs serving to give
pressure on the nipper; M, hollow circle or ring serving to support the circle
furnished with needles or wires, and into which steam is introduced to heat
these latter; M', box eccentric serving to give motion to the parts of the
nipper; M", spring intended to draw back the nipper towards the needles or
wires of 'the ring or circle; I", drawing cylinder; N, support of a pair of
cylinders serving to disembarass the wires of the circular comb from 'the
impurities which 'the combed material has left, these two cylinders receive
their movement from 'the circular comb toothed on the inside; N₁, friction
roller which gives the recoil motion to the nipper by means of 'the eccentric
placed in 'the 'rear of 'the box eccentric; N", balance beam or lever with
friction roller above, and carrying a 'vertical rod serving to give motion 'to the
brush, which presses the wool into the needles of the circular comb by means
of an eccentric placed on the axle of the box eccentric; 0, tie pieces of the
upper nipper; O', axle of the box eccentrici; P,itie pieces of the lower part of
the nipper; O, gearing by which the circular comb is set in motion; P¹,
lower jaw of the nipper; P", connecting rod supporting and working the
principal springs of the nipper by means of a crank spindle set in the smallest
radius of the box eccentric; Q, feeding head which advances and recoils to
and from the nipper, and carrying at one of its extremities the grating through
which passes the material to be combed; Q, vertical rod working the brush C";
R, grating; S, noil comb forming part of the plate T, furnished with needles
serving to retain the material while combing it in passing through the grating
R; T, screw serving as stop or bed to regulate the distance of the nipper to
the needles of the circular comb; U, lower plate garnished with needles
serving to uphold the material in its passage through the grating R during
the movement of this latter towards the nipper; U¹, grooved support serving
to guide the plates furnished with wires or needles T and U; V, eccentric
giving motion to the rod X, which communicates it to the two plates T and U
working with the feeding grating; V, V", supports and axles of the feeding
head; W, cylinder for issue of the material; Y, Y¹, upright supports carrying
the feeding head, and moved by the connecting rod Z by means of a crank on
the axle of the eccentric V; K', K", (Sheet 1), indicate the system of double
nipper or picker, as well as its feeders, brushes, and other accessaries which

page_text: may be used indifferently to the organs shewn on the principal plan. The
commercial results and advantages of this novel combination or new machine
are the simplification and consequent increase of work done by the machine,
the preservation of the filamentous fibres in their original integrity, greater
perfection of combing and decrease of waste.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the means by.
which I carry it into practical effect, I desire it to be understood that I claim
as of my Invention, the combination of parts herein described and illustrated
in the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, by which I effect the combing
of filamentous materials, suppressing all means of transporting the half
combed slub or sliver to the comb by which the other half is to be combed.
This result being obtained by placing the circular or jointed comb between the
feeding apparatuses and the nipper or picker, and beneath these two parts, so
that giving an advance and recoil motion combined with a rise and fall suffices
to effect all the operations, the several parts being modified and arranged to
suit this combined action; and I further claim in addition to the entire com-
bination the modifications of the several parts and the combined action above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustin Morel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
E