An Improved Ingot Mould.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Ingot Mould.
We, JOHN RUSSELL, of 12, Kilwick Street, Foreman Steel Smelter, JAMES
WILLIAM TOMLINSON, of 2, Cambridge Street, Steel Smelter, and JoHN HOSSENT,
of 36, Moreland Street, Engineer, and all of West Hartlepool, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to moulds in which steel ingots are cast end up and
allowed to cool sufficiently to strip the mould from the ingots in the well known
manner.
These moulds consist of a solid thickness of metal in the walls or casing
thereof without provision for the effects of overheating during contact with the
ingot which is poured therein in the molten state and remains at a very high
temperature for a long time during which the inner surface of the mould is liable
to become overheated and burnt.
This is found in practice to materially accelerate the destruction of the mould
and to cause trouble in stripping the mould from the ingot, due mainly to the
tendency of the ingot and mould to stick together, when the mould "becomes
overheated.
Other defects in moulds as at present in use are that the snugs cast on to lift
and handle the mould are liable to break off after which the mould is useless as
it cannot be handled until a hole is drilled in the mould and an eye bolt inserted
in the place of the snug.
A further difficulty connected with moulds of the usual form is that should
anything go wrong in the pit, and the mould becomes immersed in molten metal
it is next to impossible to lift the mould up out of the metal.
By means of our improvements we propose to remedy these several defects
by constructing the mould as follows:-
The opposite sides of the mould casing are recessed and plates are inserted
into the recesses to serve as internal liners. These liners are preferably both
tapered and dovetailed so that when pushed up into the recesses the full distance
they can be locked by a cottar slipped into the mould in a crosswise direction
and occupying a tapered recess formed partly in the wall of the mould and
partly in the liner, one or more cottars being provided for each liner. The
liner is of any suitable thickness, whether uniform or variable as may be found
adapted to take up sufficient heat from the ingot to protect the mould. If the
ingot sticks at all it sticks to the liners, and by withdrawing the cottars the
mould can be stripped, taking with it the liners in some cases.
As the liners become burnt they can be readily renewed and the life of the
mould greatly prolonged.
Vertical holes in the walls of the mould in line with the liners enable bars of
iron to be used to dislodge them if necessary.
A further improvement in the moulds consists in dispensing with the snugs
which are liable to break off, leaving nothing to take hold of for lifting the

page_text: mould. In substitution for them we provide pits or pockets at opposite parts of
and open to the top of the mould the metal of which is bulged out for the purpose.
These pits or pockets are adapted to take the ends of a shackle, and a hole
running crosswise through the metal admits of a bolt and nut. By this device
if any thing gives way it is the easily replaced shackle or bolt, the mould itself
taking no damage
To facilitate the removal by lifting of a mould which has become immersed
at its lower end in molten metal we provide the mould with a tapered enlarge-
ment running round the lower end thereof, the taper being such that the mould
can be lifted out of the metal in which it has become immersed even when the
enveloping metal has liad time to set.
Dated this 20th
25th day
May
ARTE TO
+420
1000.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicants.
An Improved Ingot Mould.
We, JOHN RUSSELL, of 12, Kilwick Street, Foreman Steel Smelter, JAMES
WILLIAM TOMLINSON, of 2, Cambridge Street, Steel Smelter, and JOHN HOSSENT,
of 36, Moreland Street, Engineer, and all of West Hartlepool, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
Our invention relates to moulds in which steel ingots are cast end up and
allowed to cool sufficiently to strip the mould from the ingots in the well known
manner.
These moulds consist of a solid thickness of metal in the walls or casing
thereof without provision for the effects of overheating during contact with the
ingot which is poured therein in the molten state and remains at a very high
temperature for a long time during which the inner surface of the mould is liable
to become overheated and burnt.
This is found in practice to materially accelerate the destruction of the mould
and to cause trouble in stripping the mould from the ingot due mainly to the
tendency of the ingot and mould to stick together when the mould becomes
overheated.
Other defects in moulds as at present in use are that the snugs cast on to lift
and handle the mould are liable to break off after which the mould is useless as
it cannot be handled until a hole is drilled in the mould and an eye bolt inserted
in the place of the snug which means extra expense and even then is easily
broken.
A further difficulty connected with moulds of the usual form is that should
anything go wrong in the pit, and the mould becomes immersed in molten metal
it is next to impossible to lift the mould up out of the metal.
By means of our improvement we propose to remedy these several defects by
constructing the mould as hereinafter described.
So far as the invention described in our Provisional Specification relates to
the use of detachable liners to protect the mould and to prevent the ingot from
sticking thereto we have since discovered that this device is not likely to succeed
in practice and we discard the use of such internal liners as part of our invention

page_text: and confine our invention to the other improvements and we will therefore so
describe and illustrate it, such description having reference to the accompanying
drawing, in which Fig. I is a front elevation of an ingot mould constructed in
accordance with our invention, corresponding to which Fig. 2 is a plan view.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation, and Fig. 4 a corresponding plan view of the under-
side of a mould. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the mould and Figs. 6 and 7
are detail views of a convenient form of detachable shackle to be used in substi-
tution for the snugs hitherto cast on the top of the mould for handling.
It will be observed that in place of the usual snugs cast on the mould which
are liable to break off leaving nothing to take hold of for lifting or handling,
we substitute for them pits or pockets a at opposite parts of and open to the top
of the mould, the metal of which is bulged out at 6 for the purpose. These
pits or pockets are adapted to take the ends of a shackle c, and a hole d running
crosswise through the metal admits of a bolt e and nut f. By this device if
anything gives way it is the easily replaced shackle or bolt c, the mould itself
taking no damage.
To facilitate the removal by lifting of a mould which has become immersed
at its lower end in molten metal we provide the mould with a tapered enlarge-
ment g running round the lower end thereof, the taper being such that the
mould can be lifted out of the metal in which it has become immersed even
when the enveloping metal has had time to set. Apart from this advantage
this bottom enlargement g is found to absorb sufficient heat from the ingot to
prevent sticking and to prevent the mould from wafting or twisting. It also
increases the expansion of the mould and strips the ingot more easily. Say for
a mould to cast an ingot 4 tons in weight 8 inches thick to 5 inches in taper
with 5 inch walls and 11 inches deep is found sufficient for this purpose and
may be taken as an indication of what is generally suitable or the enlargement
may be extended to any greater height required according to the risk of flooding.
The enlargement has the tendency to keep the mould from cracking and the life
of the mould is prolonged accordingly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1
1. In an ingot mould the use of pits or pockets for the reception of the ends
of a shackle having a hole running crosswise through the metal admitting of a
bolt and nut connection; with or without a tapered enlargement such as g to
facilitate the removal by lifting of a mould which has become immersed at its
lower end in molten metal, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to the accompanying drawing.
2. In an ingot mould the special form thereof for prolonging the life of the
said mould characterized by an enlargement such as y substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1900
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicants.