Improvements in the Oil Supplying Arrangements of Petroleum and other Hydrocarbon or Liquid Fuel Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 5th Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Oil Supplying Arrangements of Petroleum and
other Hydrocarbon or Liquid Fuel Engines.
We, JOHN RICHARDSON, of the firm of Robey and Company, Globe Works,
Engineer, and WILLIAM NORRIS, of 20, Altham Terrace, Engineer, both of
Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
Our invention relates to the oil pump and valves of petroleum and other liquid
hydrocarbon or liquid fuel engines together with the arrangement of pipes,
regulating attachments, oil reservoirs and actuating gear.
The object of our invention is to secure a controllable supply of oil in such
manner that all risk of failure of the oil pump is avoided, and the action of the
engine is rendered as reliable as that of a gas engine. We accomplish this object
generally by arranging our oil pump to force about five times the actual oil supply
required to feed the engine and allowing the excess oil to return to the oil reservoir
through a loaded valve, the oil entering the cylinder being admitted by a timed
admission valve.
In carrying our invention into effect according to one modification, the arrange-
ment and action is a follows-the oil pump plunger is lifted by a spiral spring and
is forced down by a bell crank lever actuated from a cam on the valve motion
shaft. The stroke is so proportioned that the discharge of the pump is several
times that of the charge of oil required to be injected into the engine cylinder; we
find five times the volume of the actual oil charge required to be a suitable
proportion. The oil charge is taken from the main oil reservoir to the pump by a
pipe through a valve, and it is discharged by another valve through a suitable
pipe to a space between the oil discharge valve and a relief valve. The relief
valve is loaded by a spiral spring to a predetermined pressure, so that it opens
immediately that pressure is exceeded and the excess oil Hows by a return pipe to
a small oil reservoir and thence returns to the main reservoir. During the stroke
of the pump plunger the space between the discharge and relief valves is thus kept
supplied with oil at a constant pressure as determined by the load put on by the
spiral spring.
The oil charge is admitted to the engine cylinder by the discharge valve
actuated by its spindle, a bell crank lever, cam, and valve shaft. When the said
valve is opened, the oil under pressure at once passes under it and enters by a
small hole or holes to a passage whence it is injected into the cylinder through an.
aperture of suitably small diameter. The oil passage is also fitted with a plug
carrying a sufficiently small aperture as it is highly desirable that the minimum oil
clearance be allowed between the discharge valve and the cylinder.
The pump thus pumps a volume of oil greatly in excess of that required for the
explosive charge, and the amount of oil admitted to the cylinder depends on the
amount and duration of opening of the discharge valve; this is determined partly
by the shape of the cam and partly by the lift of the valve. A screw is applied to
the end of the bell crank lever in order to adjust this lift and vary the amount of
the charge.
In this manner we overcome the difficulty of leakage back which is so prejudicial
in most petroleum engines where the pump only forces the very small volume of
liquid required for each charge. The overflow pipe from the small oil reservoir is
so placed that the pump plunger is always immersed in oil and packing is dispensed
with. The discharge or injection valve spindle is suitably packed in any convenient
manner.

page_text: Another modification of our invention differs from that hereinbefore described in
the combination of the pump plunger and the inlet or injection valve to the
cylinder in one casting. The pump plunger is in this case packed, and it draws
petroleum from the main reservoir by a pipe discharging it by the exit valve to the
space between the relief and discharge valve. The return pipe may here lead to
the main reservoir. One casting thus carries the oil pump and all the oil feed and
delivery arrangements.
The plug regulating the discharge of oil from the space into the cylinder is
rotated by a handle or lever and serves to cut off the oil supply when it is desired
to stop the engine. A spring is applied to thrust the conical plug home. A
projection from the plug passes into the chamber and this projection carries the oil
injection aperture. This arrangement of the plug is most convenient as it allows
the oil injection aperture to be readily examined and cleaned.
The casting carrying the injection valve and pump plunger is bolted against the
combustion chamber and the arrangement of the bell crank levers and the valve
shaft with its cams is such that the said bell crank levers operate on opposite sides'
of the casting. One lever operates the plunger while another operates the valve
spindle, and the valve shaft occupies a central position.
In another arrangement the pump plunger is immersed in oil in the small
reservoir, but it is actuated by an eccentric from the valve shaft instead of a cam.
A handle is also provided to rotate the said eccentric so as to enable the pump to
be moved by hand to make the engine start. A ratchet device is applied to enable
the pump eccentric to be rotated independently of the valve shaft.
A roller is carried on the end of the oil valve lever and it is controlled by a
lever moved from the governor sleeve. When the roller is moved to one side it
misses the oil cam and no oil is supplied for the succeeding stroke so that the engine
governs precisely as with a gas engine.
Dated this 4th day of March 1892.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Oil Supplying Arrangements of Petroleum and
other Hydrocarbon or Liquid Fuel Engines.
We, JOHN RICHARDSON, of the firm of Robey and Company, Globe Works,
Engineer, and WILLIAM NORRIS, of 20 Altham Terrace, Engineer, both of
Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of 'this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described' and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the oil pump and valves of petroleum and other liquid
hydrocarbon, or liquid fuel engines together with the arrangement of pipes, regu-
lating attachments, oil reservoirs and actuating gear.
The object of our invention is to secure a controllable supply of oil in such a
manner that all risk of failure of the oil pump is avoided, and the action of the
engine is rendered as reliable as that of a gas engine. We accomplish this object
generally by arranging our oil pump to force about five times the actual oil supply:
required to feed the engine and allowing the excess oil to return to the oil reservoir
through a loaded valve, the oil entering the cylinder being admitted by a timed
admission valve.
Referring to the seven accompanying sheets of drawings,
Figures 1 to 18 inclusive illustrate the application of our invention.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a section illustrating the general action and parts used in
carrying out our invention.
Figure 1 is a section similar to part of Figure 1; but having a flexible chanïber
attachment to be hereinafter explained.
་་་༞༞་

page_text: Figure 2 (Sheet 2) is a section showing similar parts to those illustrated at
Figure 1, but combined in one casting in a more compact form.
Figure 3 is a section of our petroleum jet plug and cut off arrangement.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the arrangement shown in Figure 2, illustrating the
mode of actuating the pump and valve by levers and cams.
Figure 5 is a part front elevation of Figure 3.
Figure 6 (Sheet 3) is a general elevation of a petroleum engine to which our
invention is applied.
Figure 7 (Sheet 4) is a section showing another arrangement of oil pump with
accumulator piston to equalize the flow of the oil.
Figure 8 is a section of an accumulator cylinder with its piston attached to a
sliding valve.
Figure 9 is a section on the line y of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a plan corresponding to Figure 8.
Figure 11 (Sheet 5) is an elevation part in section of a slide trip valve with
accumulator and oil relief valve.
Figure 12 is a transverse section through Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a transverse section showing the arrangement applied to a
cylinder.
Figure 14 is an elevation of part of Figure 13.
Figure 15 (Sheet 6) is a side elevation and Figure 16 is an end elevation of our
gear for governing the engine.
Figure 17 (Sheet 7) is part section and part elevation, of another slide valve trip
arrangement.
Figure 18 is a plan of Figure 17.
Figure 1 is a section of one modification of our invention, and the arrangement
and action is as follows the oil pump plunger A is lifted by a spiral spring and
is forced down by the bell crank lever B actuated from the cam C' on the valve
motion shaft C. The stroke is so proportioned that the discharge of the pump is
several times that of the charge of oil required to be injected into the engine
cylinder; we find five times the volume of the actual oil charge required to be a
suitable proportion. The oil charge is taken from the main oil reservoir K, to the
pump by the pipe K', through the valve A' and it is discharged by the valve A
through the pipe A³ to the space between the valves E' and G. The valve G is
loaded by a spiral spring to a predetermined pressure, so that it opens immediately
that pressure is exceeded, and the excess oil flows by the pipe G' to the small oil
reservoir H and thence returns to the main reservoir K by the pipe H. During
the stroke of the pump plunger A the space between the valves E and G is thus
kept supplied with oil at a constant pressure as determined by the load put on G
by the spiral spring.
The oil charge is admitted to the engine cylinder by the valve E', actuated by
the spindle E, the bell crank lever D, cam D2 and valve shaft C. When the
valve El is opened, the oil under pressure at once passes under it and enters by a
small hole or holes to the passage F, whence it is injected into the cylinder through
an aperture of suitably small diameter. The passage F is also fitted with a plug
carrying a sufficiently small aperture, as it is highly desirable that the minimum oil
clearance be allowed between the valve El and the cylinder.
The pump A thus pumps a volume of oil greatly in excess of that required for
the explosion charge, and the amount of oil admitted to the cylinder depends on
the amount and duration of opening of the valve E'; this is determined partly
by the shape of the cam D and partly by the lift of the valve. The screw D' is
applied to the end of the bell crank lever D, in order to adjust this lift and vary
the amount of the charge. In this manner we overcome the difficulty of leakage
back which is so prejudicial in most petroleum engines where the pump only forces
the very small volume required for each charge.
The overflow pipe H₁ from the small oil reservoir H is so placed that the

page_text: plunger A is always immersed in oil and packing is dispensed with. The valve
spindle E is suitably packed in any convenient manner.
Figure 1 illustrates a modification of the upper part of Figure 1, which consists
in connecting a flexible chamber or a diaphragm to the oil space between the
valves E and G to allow of an elastic action of the oil charge. The flexible
chamber is indicated at S.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 show respectively longitudinal section, sectional plan, end
elevation and an elevation of a detail of another modification of our invention. This
modification differs from that hereinbefore described in the combination of the
pump plunger and the inlet valve to the cylinder in one casting. At Figure 2,
A is the pump plunger which is in this case packed, and it draws petroleum from
the main reservoir by the pipe K¹ discharging it by the valve A² to the space
between the relief and discharge valves El and G. G' is the return pipe which
may here lead to the main reservoir. The casting Q thus carries the oil pump and
all the oil feed and delivery arrangements.
At Figure 3 the plug L is shown with the aperture L2 communicating with a
small hole L' (Figure 2) under the valve E. This plug is rotated by the handle
or lever M and serves to cut off the oil supply when it is desired to stop the engine.
A spring M is applied to thrust the conical plug home. Figure 5 is an external
elevation of the handle or lever M. The casting Q is attached to the side of the
combustion chamber and a projection from the plug L, as shown at L³ (Figure 3)
passes into the chamber. This arrangement of the plug L is most convenient as
it allows the aperture L² to be readily examined and cleaned.
Figure 4 shows the position of the casting Q as bolted against the combustion
chamber and the arrangement of the bell crank levers B and D, and the valve
shaft C with its cams C and D². The lever B operates the plunger A, while D
operates the valve spindle E. Figure 6 shows another arrangement and indicates
generally the mode of applying our invention to a petroleum engine. Here the
pump plunger A is immersed in oil in the small reservoir H, but the plunger A is
actuated by an eccentric N from the valve shaft C instead of a cam. A handle R
is also provided to rotate the eccentric N so as to enable the pump to be moved by
hand to make the engine start. A ratchet device is applied to enable the pump
eccentric to be rotated independently of the valve shaft C. In Figure 6, A³ is the
oil discharge from the pump, and G is the excess oil return pipe.
The roller O is carried on the end of the oil valve lever D and is controlled by
a lever moved from the governor sleeve P. When the roller O is moved to one
side it moves off a cam as D (Figure 4) and no oil is supplied for the succeeding
stroke so that the engine governs precisely as with a gas engine.
Figure 7 (Sheet 4) is a section of an arrangement of our invention in which the
valve G Figure 1 is replaced by a piston valve S which is thrust down by a spring
and serves as an accumulator piston as well; that is the piston valve S serves the
same purpose as the valve G and permits of a greater accumulator effect than the
lift valve.
The pump plunger A is actuated from the lever U and the eccentric C¹ on
the shaft C, and the spring T serves to keep the roller always against the
eccentric C¹ oil is taken into the pump by the suction pipe K' and the valve A',
and it is discharged from the pump by the valves A² to the space V below the
piston valve S. The piston valve $ rises when oil is supplied until it uncovers
the aperture a leading into the chamber which connects to the overflow tube G!.
The oil in the space is thus kept at a constant or nearly constant pressure and
discharges by the pipe V to a trip valve as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figure 1 of the drawings.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate a similar arrangement in which the piston valve S
moves a slide valve W and causes an aperture in the said slide valve W to open on
the overflow passage G when the pressure exceeds the desired limit.
The oil is supplied from the pump by the pipe A3 to the chamber V and passes

page_text: from V to the trip valve by the passage V₁. The pipes G, Gare overflow pipes™
returning to the oil reservoir. Figure 9 is a section through the chamber V on.
the line y Figure 8. Figure 10 shows a plan of Figure 8.
Figures 11, 12 and 13 (Sheet 5) illustate trip valve arrangements.
At Figures 11 and 12 the trip box X carries the slide trip valve E', which
valve is actuated by the valve stem E; this stem has a valve scat E, seating so
as to close off the packing of the valve stem from the oil pressure when the slide
valve is closed.
Oil is supplied to the trip box from any convenient pump by the pipe Aand...
it is discharged to the cylinder when the valve E' is opened by a pipe connecting
between the passage e, and an injecting nozzle. The piston valve S is used:
alone as equivalent to the loaded discharge valve G or together with the valve G
as shown at Figures 11 and 12. The pipe G is the oil overflow as hereinbefore',
explained.
The aperture is intended for a pressure gauge.
At Figures 13 and 14 a trip valve box is shown in connection with an oil
injecting nozzle d applied to the combustion chamber e of a petroleum engine. In
this case the trip valve box is supplied from a pump with piston valve as at i
Figure 7, the pipe A³ (Figure 14) being connected to the pipe V1 (Figure 7).
The trip valve box X carries the slide trip valve E' actuated by the stem.or
spindle E, and the pipe c connects to the oil discharge nozzle d opening into the.
combustion chamber e
We find it preferable to separate the trip valve box X from the hot cylinder by
a short length of pipe-c and so keep the said trip valve box cool enough to avoid
vapourizing the oil. *
Figures 15 and 16 (Sheet 6) illustrate the arrangement preferred by us for
governing the engine.
•
The valve shaft C carries a cam fg (Figure 15) which has two steps respec-
tively and g. The roller is carried on the end of the exhaust valve lever and
it is controlled by the governor lever h from the governor m. When the engine
runs too fast the lever h moves the roller and causes it to work on the step of
the cam and in this position the exhaust valve is only partly opened and so con-
siderably throttles the exhaust. In this manner some load is thrown on the engine
and a greater volume of exhaust gases are retained in the cylinder so that a weaker
impulse is also obtained.
The lever i is moved from the governor m simultaneously with and it controls
the oil roller k also working opposite a suitable cam.
The roller k actuates a bell
crank lever as shown at Figure 16 and this bell crank lever opens a trip valve
in the trip valve box X by the trip valve spindle E and so the oil supply is
injected into the cylinder. The position of the roller as determined by the
governor lever i regulates the supply of oil to the cylinder or cuts it off altogether
as required by the amount of work being done by the engine.
Figures 17 and 18 (Sheet 7) illustrate trip valve arrangements arranged to be
very conveniently controlled by governor.
The slide trip valve E' in the valve box X is actuated by the lever n rocking
shaft o and internal lever p; the roller i is carried by n and is controlled by the
governor lever i and actuated by the cam shown in Figure 17 on the valve
shaft C.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a petroleum or other liquid fuel engine, oil supply or feed arrangements
comprising a pump forcing oil in excess of the charge required; a return valve
adjusted to return excess oil at a constant or nearly constant pressure; and a feed
valve actuated from the engine and discharging an oil charge into the engine

page_text: cylinder substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
-
2. In a petroleum or other liquid fuel engine, oil supply or feed arrangements
comprising a pump forcing oil in excess of the charge required; a return valve
adjusted to return excess oil at a constant or nearly constant pressure; a feed valve
actuated from the engine and discharging an oil charge into the engine cylinder or
combustion chamber; and a conical plug cock having a small aperture, the said
cock being capable of ready withdrawal and connecting between the oil feed valve
and the cylinder or combustion space substantially as herein before described.
3. In a petroleum or other liquid fuel engine, oil supply arrangements as claimed
in Claim 1, in which the oil pump and its valves are immersed in a small oil tank
which first receives the excess oil, together with another casting bolted to the
combustion chamber carrying the feed valve and return valve substantially as
hereinbefore described and as illustrated at Figure 1 of the annexed drawings.
4. In a petroleum or other liquid fuel engine, oil supply arrangements as claimed
in Claim 1, in which the oil pump and its valves together with the feed valve,
excess valve and rotating plug are all combined in one casting substantially as
herein before described and illustrated at Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings
annexed.
5. In a petroleum engine or other liquid fuel engine, a pump forcing oil in excess
of the charge required; a return piston valve adjusted to return oil at a constant
pressure; and a slide trip or feed valve actuated from the engine and discharging
an oil charge into the engine cylinder substantially as herein before described with
reference to Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In a petroleum or other liquid fuel engine, the apparatus and mode of
governing as herein before described with reference to Figures 15 and 16 of the
accompanying drawings.
'Dated this 4th day of January 1893.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.