IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Donbavand, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Scale Beam and Weighing Machine Manufac-
turer, and David Crichton, of the same Place, Machinist, for the Inven-
TW LOOMS BAD WRAYING "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Donbavand and
David Crichton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th March 1863.
We, WILLIAM DONBAVAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Scale Beam and Weighing Machine Manufacturer, and DAVID
CRICHTON, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements of machinery or apparatus
to be applied to the taking-up and letting-off motions of the loom.
The nature of our improvements will be understood by the following.
description thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the
accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and Fig. 2, a front elevation, of part of a loom.
having one arrangement of our improved taking-up motions; Fig. 3, a trans-
verse section, and Fig. 4 a front elevation of part of a loom having another
arrangement for the same purpose.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the ordinary tappet shaft is shewn at a, to it we fix the
eccentric b, which as it revolves moves up and down the long arm of the
lever c, and its short arm backwards and forwards. To the short arm is
jointed one end of the connecting rod d, the other end of which is fixed to a pin.

page_text: placed in a slot in the alternate lever e, and gives the lever a to-and-fro motion,
and the bottom end of the lever e works in a short slot in the lever f. The
propelling catches are shewn at g, g, one is jointed to the lever e and the other
to the lever The ratchet or motion wheel is represented at h; it is fixed to
a shaft working in the long boss i, and communicates motion to the cloth
beam by the train of wheels j,j, Fig. 2. The pin fixed to the connecting rod d
is also attached to one end of the swing rod k, the other end of which is con-
nected to the rod 7, which rests on the cloth on the cloth beam. When the loom
is put in motion the revolution of the eccentric b gives vibrating motion to the
lever c, reciprocating motion to the connecting rod d, and alternate motion to
the leverse and f, and propelling catches 9, 9, which move backwards and
forwards alternately in opposite directions to each other, and cause the ratchet
or motion wheel h to revolve, and give motion by the train of wheels to the
cloth beam. At the commencement of weaving a piece of cloth the pin at the
end of the connecting rod d is at its lowest position in the slot of the lever e,
and therefore gives the greatest amount of motion to the levers e and f, the
propelling catches 9, 9, and consequently to the ratchet or motion wheel h, and
also the gearing and cloth beam. As the cloth increases in diameter in the
process of weaving the rod lying on the cloth will rise and bring with it the
swing rod k and the pin fixed to the end of the connecting rod, and thus cause
the alternate motion of the leverse and f and the propelling catches to be
gradually decreased in length and produce in the same ratio a decreasing speed
in the ratchet or motion wheel.h, the train of wheels, and the cloth beam.
In Figs. 3 and 4 we represent improved mechanism to be applied to the
taking up motion of a loom in which a single action ratchet or motion wheel
is employed. We give motion to the lever e in a similar manner to that shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2, but employ one set only of propelling catches for giving
motion to the ratchet or motion wheel of a certain number of teeth, and employ
a set of holding, catches working in connection with a ratchet wheel. of a
different number of teeth. The lever e carries at the top the propelling
catches g, working in the teeth of the ratchet wheel h, connected to the ratchet
wheel so that they both turn together. The holding catches are shewn
at m; they work in the teeth of the wheel n for holding the wheel stationary
during the backward movement of the propelling catches g. By having the
holding wheel n of a different number of teeth than the propelling wheel h,
we obtain a compensating or regulating mechanical action in the single acțion
ratchet wheel, the effect of which is to change the few different velocities that
can be obtained from the single ratchet wheel only into continual changing
motion of the said wheel, and thereby produce a more perfect taking-up motion

page_text: for weaving cloth than has been obtained from previous arrangements of
the single-action motion.
We employ similar mechanical movements to the two arrangements before
described for letting off the yarn from the yarn beam of a loom, the only
difference being that as the cloth beam requires a continually decreasing
velocity the yarn beam requires a continually increasing velocity..
We do not confine ourselves to the employment of the eccentric on the tappet
shaft for giving motion to the two levers e and f, Figs. 1 and 2, or to the single
lever e, Figs. 3 and 4, as these levers may be worked from the slay sword, the
crank shaft, or other working part of the loom, and instead of placing the
rod in contact with the top of the cloth or yarn, for. altering the stroke of
the levers, we place it when required either in contact with the side or bottom
of the cloth or yarn, on the cloth or yarn beams, and regulate the positions of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Donbavand and David Crichton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th September 1863..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. we,. WILLIAM
DONBAVAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,. Scale
Beam and Weighing Machine Manufacturer, and DAVID CRICHTON,. of the
same Place, Machinist, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Donbdvand and David Crichton, Her special license, that we, the said
William Donbavand and David Crichton, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Donbavand and David Crichton,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Donbavand and David Crichton, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Donbavand and David
Crichton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements of machinery or apparatus
to be applied to the taking-up and letting-off motions of the loom.
The nature of our improvements will be understood by the following descrip-
tion thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and Fig. 2, a front elevation of part of a loom
baving one arrangement of our improved taking-up motions; Fig. 3, a
Transverse section, and Fig. 4, a front elevation of part of a loom having
another arrangement for the same purpose; Fig. 5, a transverse view of a
modification of the same, and Fig. 6, a detached view of one of the parts.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the ordinary tappet shaft is shewn at a, to it we fix the
eccentric b, which is encircled by a ring at one end of the connecting rod d,
the other end of which is fixed to a pin placed in a slot in the alternate
lever e, and gives the lever a to-and-fro motion, and the bottom end of the
lever e works in a short slot in the lever f, working on a stud fixed to the
framework. The propelling catches are shewn at 9, 9; one is jointed to the
lever e, and the other to the lever f. The ratchet or motion wheel is repre-
sented at h; it is fixed to a shaft working in the long boss i, and communicates
motion to the cloth beam by the train of wheels j, j, Fig. 2. The pin fixed to
the connecting rod d, is also attached to one end of the swing rod k, the
other end of which is connected to the rod l, which rests on the cloth on the
cloth beam.
When the loom is put in motion the revolution of the eccentric 6 gives
reciprocating motion to the connecting rod d, and alternate motion to the
levers e and fand propelling catches g, g, which move backwards and forwards
alternately in opposite directions to each other, and cause the ratchet or motion
wheel h to revolve and give motion by the train of wheels j, j, to the cloth 3
beam.
At the commencement of weaving a piece of cloth the pin at the end of the
onnecting rod d is at its lowest position in the slot of the lever e, and there-
ore gives the greatest amount of motion to the levers e and f, the propelling

page_text: catches g, g, and consequently to the ratchet or motion wheel h, and also the
gearing and cloth beam. As the cloth increases in diameter in the process of
weaving the rod lying on the cloth will rise and bring with it the swing rod k
and the pin fixed to the end of the connecting rod, and thus cause the alternate
motion of the levers e and f and the propelling catches to be gradually
decreased in length, and produce in the same ratio a decreasing speed in the
ratchet or motion wheel h, the train of wheels, and the cloth beam.
In Figs. 3 and 4 we represent improved mechanism to be applied to the
taking-up motion of a loom in which a single-action ratchet or motion wheel
is employed. We give motion to the lever e from the lay sword by means of
the connecting rod d, or give it motion in a similar manner to that shewn in
Figs. 1 and 2, but employ one set only of propelling catches for giving motion
to the ratchet or motion wheel of a certain number of teeth equally or
differently pitched in its periphery, and employ a set of holding catches working
in connection with a ratchet wheel of different numbers of teeth also equally
or differently pitched in its periphery. The lever e carries at the top the
propelling catches g, working in the teeth of the ratchet wheel h connected to
the ratchet wheel n, so that they both turn together. The holding catches
are shewn at m; they are jointed on a stationary stud and work in the teeth
of the wheel n for holding the wheel stationary during the backward move-
ment of the propelling catches g. By having the holding wheel n of a different
number of teeth than the propelling wheel h we obtain a compensating or
regulating mechanical action in the single-action ratchet wheel, the effect of
which is to change the few different velocities that can be obtained from the
single ratchet wheel only into continual changing motion of the said wheel,
and thereby produce a more perfect taking-up motion for weaving cloth than
has been obtained from previous arrangements of the single-action motion.
Ju Fig. 5, representing a modification of Figs. 3 and 4, we give the holding
catches a short reciprocating motion in the following manner :-The catches.
are jointed to the arm o of a double lever which works on a stud fixed to the
framework and has its other arm p so formed and weighted as to be in close
contact with an eccentric r, fixed to the ratchet wheel h, or to its shaft. This
reciprocating motion of the holding catches causes their holding positions in
the ratchet or motion wheel to be continually changed as the wheel revolves,
and thereby obtain a compound or regulating mechanical action similar to
that shewn in Figs. 3 and 4. Instead of the eccentric r one or more cams or
tappets or other reciprocating movement may be employed for giving to-and-
fro movement to the lever and catches.
In Fig. 6 we represent a detached view of the lever e, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,

page_text: and 5, in which lever the slot s gradually widens from the top of the lever to
its fulcrum, which arrangement is for the purpose of compensating for the loss
of velocity of the ratchet or motion wheel which takes place when the slot is
parallel. The pin at the end of the connecting rod d, when at the bottom of
the taper slot s, Fig. 6, has a back lash according to the loss of velocity, which
back lash gradually decreases and corresponds with the velocity until the pin
arrives at the top of the slot or until a piece of cloth is woven.
We employ similar mechanical movements to the two arrangements
before described for letting off the yarn from the yarn beam of a loom, the only
difference being that as the cloth beam requires a continually decreasing velocity
the yarn beam requires a continually increasing velocity.
We do not confine ourselves to the employment of the eccentric on the
tappet shaft for giving motion to the two levers e and f, Figs. 1 and 2; or to
the single lever e, Figs. 3, 4, and 5, as these levers may be worked from the
slays word or by a cam or tappet or crank on the crank shaft or other working
part of the loom, and instead of placing the rod 7 in contact with the top of the
cloth or yarn for altering the stroke of the levers we place it when required
either in contact with the side or bottom of the cloth or yarn on their respective
beams and regulate the positions of the levers accordingly.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that we do not
claim the separate parts of our Invention, they being already well known,
neither do we confine ourselves to the details herein given, but reserve to
ourselves the right of varying the same so long as the peculiar character of our
Invention is retained, but what we claim is,-
First, in any arrangement of machinery or apparatus of alternate or double-
action motion of levers and propelling catches working a ratchet wheel or
wheels producing decreasing speed in the cloth beam and encreasing speed in
the
yarn beam. The employment of an eccentric or crank or cam of any
required shape fixed to the tappet shaft or other convenient part of the loom
so that the results of the eccentric or crank or cam which works the double-
action levers will cause each of them to advance and retreat on the ratchet
wheel or wheels in the time of one revolution of the tappet shaft or every two
picks of the loom.
Secondly, the arrangements and apparatus for working the double-action
levers and propelling catches which turn a ratchet wheel or wheels by means
of connecting apparatus from the lathe sword of the loom.
Thirdly, the arrangements of machinery and apparatus of single-action
ratchet wheel motion from two ratchet wheels, one having more teeth than

page_text: the other, and equally or differently pitched in their diameters, worked by an
eccentric or crank or cam from the tappet shaft or other convenient part of
the loom, or by means of connecting apparatus from the lathe sword of the
loom for the purpose of producing a compensating and regulating mechanical
action in the single-action ratchet wheel, the effect of which is to change the
few different velocities that can be obtained from the single-action ratchet
wheel motion into continual changing motion of the said ratchet wheel, and
thereby produce a more perfect taking-up and letting-off motion for weaving
cloth than has been obtained from previous arrangements of the single-action
ratchet wheel motion.
Fourthly, the application to the aforesaid compensating and regulating
motion of a ratchet wheel or wheels of an eccentric or cam fixed to the motion
wheel or other revolving wheel or shaft for moving the lever which carries the
holding catches backwards and forwards by the revolution of the said eccentric
or cam, and thus producing a changing or crossing motion of velocities in the
decreasing or increasing motion of the said wheel.
And, fifthly, the employment of a taper slot in the propelling lever which
works the ratchet or motion wheel of the double-action or single-action motions,
the slot decreasing in width from the part near the centre of the lever to the
onter end of the lever, and believing these arrangements of machinery
for effecting the objects herein-before described to be new, we declare this as
of our Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Crichton, for and on behalf of
myself and the said William Donbavand, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named David Crichton, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
DAVID CRICHTON. (L.S.)