IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bayley, of Stalybridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS."
Sealed the 24th June 1864, and dated the 29th December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bayley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1863.
I, HENRY BAYLEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of machines for separating the seed from
the fibre of cotton known as "Macarthy's roller gin," and my Invention
consists in an improved combination, arrangement, and construction of such
gins; namely, the feeding board, vibrating or beater plate or knife, and "doctor"
are all placed in about the same line but at an inclination to the horizon, by
which means the seed cotton will tend to descend with the assistance of the
vibrating knife, so that its fibre will be taken between the upper surface of
the roller and the doctor, and discharged in the space beneath the roller,
while the seeds will pass through the grid and slide down the inclined surface
of the doctor, and will fall into a suitable receptacle made of sheet metal.

page_text: The "doctor" is arranged so that its position upon the roller can be readily
adjusted to suit different lengths of fibre by means of slots concentric with the
axis of the roller, or by means of suitable adjusting set screws by which its
position can be altered and kept at a tangental position to the surface of the
roller. Set sorews are also placed to act upon the under side of the doctor to
adjust its pressure upon the roller, and the grid is arranged in a position
about perpendicular to the "doctor," and is provided with set screws to adjust
it against the upper surface of the doctor. The vibrating knife is mounted
upon arms which have their fulcrums on studs screwed in brackets which are
attached to the side frames of the machine by screw adjustments so as to
regulate the position of the edge of the knife to the roller. The vibrating
knife receives motion from two excentrics on a cross shaft through suitable
rods jointed with the arms carrying the vibrating knife. This cross shaft is
the first motion shaft in machines intended to be driven by power, and a
pinion secured upon it drives a wheel fast upon the axis of the roller. In
double gins in the same frame similar parts are placed on opposite sides of
the framing arranged and adjusted in the manner herein-before described, and
either a single vibrating knife with double edge and mounted on the same
arm may be used, or (which Iprefer) two separate and independent knives, one
for each roller, and each driven by independent excentrics, both rollers and
excentrics driven by the same or by a separate cross shaft. By means of my
improved arrangement no agitator or similar contrivance is required to press
forward the cotton to the action of the roller and doctor. When these gins
are to be driven by hand the roller is made the first motion shaft.
Another improvement consists in working the vibrating knife directly from
the roller axis by means of a cam with a suitable corrugated path.
"
And another improvement consists in toothing or fluting the whole or part
of the upper surface of the vibrating knife which comes in contact with the
seed cotton, so that it will tend in vibrating in one direction to take hold of
and to push or feed the seed cotton towards the roller, but will not take hold
of it in its back movements, and in applying a toothed or fluted surface to
press upon the seed cotton which allows it to be pushed forward but will
prevent it from being drawn back by the back vibration of the knife, and in
arranging the feeding plate or board so that it may be slided to and fro to
expose a greater or less surface of the vibrating knife to act upon the seed
cotton.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Bayley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BAYLEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Henry Bayley, Her special license that I, the said Henry
Bayley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I;
the said Henry Bayley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Henry Bayley, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bayley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per=
formed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to that class of machines for separating the seed
from the fibre of cotton known as "Macarthy's roller gin," and my Invention
consists in an improved combination, arrangement, and construction of such
gins; namely, the feeding board, vibrating or beater plate or knife, and doctor
are all placed in about the same line, but at an inclination to the horizon,
by which means the seed cotton will tend to descend with the assistance of
the vibrating knife, so that its fibre will be taken between the upper surface
of the roller and the doctor and discharged in the space beneath the roller,
while the seed will pass through the grid and slide down the inclined surface
of the doctor, and will fall into a suitable receptacle made of sheet metal.
The doctor is arranged so that its position upon the roller can be readily

page_text: adjusted to suit different lengths of fibre by means of slots concentric with the
axis of the roller, or by means of suitable adjusting set screws, by which its
position can be altered and kept at a tangental position to the surface of the
roller. Set screws are also placed to act upon the under side of the doctor to
adjust its pressure upon the roller, and the grid is arranged in a position
about perpendicular to the doctor, and is provided with set screws to adjust
it against the upper surface of the doctor. The vibrating knife is mounted
upon arms which have their fulcrums on studs screwed in brackets which are
attached to the side frames of the machine by screw adjustments so as to
regulate the position of the edge of the knife to the roller. The vibrating
knife receives motion from two excentrics or cranks on a cross shaft through
suitable rods jointed with the arms carrying the vibrating knife. This cross
shaft is the first-motion shaft in machines intended to be driven by power,
and a pinion secured upon it drives a wheel fast upon the axis of the roller.
In double gins in the same frame similar parts are placed on opposite sides of
the framing arranged and adjusted in the manner herein-before described, and
either a single vibrating knife with double edge and mounted on the same
arm may be used, or (which I prefer) two separate and independent
excentrics, both rollers and excentrics driven by the same or a separate cross
shaft. By means of my improved arrangement no agitator or similar con-
trivance is required to press forward the cotton to the action of the roller and
doctor. When these gins are to be driven by hand the roller is made the
first motion shaft.
The manner in which my improvements are carried into effect is illustrated
by the accompanying Drawings, shewing three views of my improved single
cotton gin.
Fig. 1 is a cross sectional elevation; Fig. 2, an elevation of the driving
end; and Fig. 3, an elevation of the end opposite to the driving end.
A, the end framing; A², cross framing; a, driving pulleys; a¹³, shaft of
driving pulleys having upon it the excentric or cranks (a); a³, connecting
rods attached to cranks and jointed to the vibrating arms (6) to which they
give motion. The vibrating arms (b) have their fulcrums on studs (01)
secured in a bracket (62) adjustable vertically by screws as shewn. The
vibrating arms (b) are at the outside of the framing, and slots are made in
the framing, so that the vibrating knife (63) can pass through, and so that its
ends can be attached to the arms (b) as shewn; c is the roller, which may be
made in the ordinary manner, either grooved or covered with leather. The
bearings of the roller (c) are in the end frames. The roller (c) is geered with
the shaft (a) by means of a pinion (a') and wheel (c'), (as shewn in Fig. 3.)

page_text: The wheels (a and c¹) are covered by a guard (A.) The doctor (d), which
rests on the upper side of the roller (c), is fixed to a board or plate (d'), the
position of which is adjusted at each side by means of the screw and
concentric slot (d2) and a screw (d) passing through the board (d'), with a
screw nut above and one below the end of the screw (ds) resting upon an ear
from the framing; e is the grid, it is secured at each end to a bracket (e¹)
screwed to each end frame, and it is adjustable up and down, and is made to
press upon the doctor by set screws (e³) one at each end; f is a metal trough
the width of the machine to receive the seeds, and 9 is a metal trough to
receive the cotton which is delivered from the roller (c); h is the feeding
board partly covering the knife (63) and just clear of it. The feeding board
(n), vibrating knife (6³), and doctor (d), are placed in about the same line
and in an inclined position, as shewn, so that the cotton is easily fed forward
and the seeds pass through the grid and down to the trough.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
mode of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention the improved
combination, arrangement, and construction of "Macarthy roller cotton
gins," and particularly the placing of the feeding board, vibrating knife, and
doctor in about the same line at an inclination to the horizon, as herein-before
described and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bayley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
HENRY BAYLEY. (L.S.)