IMPROVED PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING AND BARRELING TURPENTINE AND BLEACHING RESIN, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for tho
Invention of "IMPROVED PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING AND
BARRELING TURPENTINE AND BLEACHING RESIN, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad by Richard Lloyd, of
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America."
Scaled the 22nd August 1873, and dated the 3rd July 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 3rd July 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the “ International Patent Office," Southampton Build-
ings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.

page_text: RESIN, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," and have petitioned Her Majesty
to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration
that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Richard Lloyd,
of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, forming
a part of this Specification:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the distillation and barrcling
of turpentine, and to improved apparatus and appliances which I
employ in developing the different stages of my process or operation.
The second part of the said Invention relates chiefly to the bleaching,
clarifying, and refining of resin. As regards the first part of my
Invention my object is to so construct the apparatus as to secure a
continuous distillation, or to so arrange the apparatus that as soon as
the crude turpentine iś liquidized it is conveyed to a suitable chamber
or reservoir, which is connected by means of valves and a jacketed pipe,
with both the liquidizing tub and still, and from which at pleasure the
crude liquid turpentine is fed to the vaporizing chamber of the
still.
The said Invention consists in providing a jacketed still, whose outer
casing is of such dimensions and is so arranged as to leave a steam
chamber under and around its base with a coniform worm, the supporting
tubes of which lead through and are secured in openings at the base
of the still. This arrangement permits of the worm being supplied with
superheated steam from the chamber, and of carrying the steam direct
from the said worm by a continuous pipe to á coil in the intermediate
chamber or reservoir, and thence to a coil in the liquidizing tub; thus
the steam, which is superheated in its passage through the chamber
and under and around the still, is utilized in heating, or becomes the
beating medium of the entire apparatus.
The said Invention also consists in providing the liquidizing tub
heated as above stated, with a series of independent steam jets and with
an agitator or. stirrer, which consists of a vertical shaft and a scries of

page_text: radial cross arms arranged in pairs; the arms of each pair are at right
angles to each other, and the pairs of arms themselves are arranged at
such an angle that when the shaft is revolved by steam or any other
motor the most positive disintegration or breaking up of the mass is
5 secured, which in connection with the raking action of the jets of steam
cnsures a most rapid liquidization of the crude material and at a much
lower temperature than the steam and heat would effect were the same
caused to act on the crude material in bulk or without agitation.
The said Invention also consists in connecting the still and the
O liquidizing tub, or in arranging between these vessels an intermediate
chamber or reservoir which supplies, as occasion requires, the still with
the liquid crude material, fed or received from the tub. This chamber
is connected with the still and tub through a jacketed tube and valves,
and in connection with these valves, or rather the openings which they'
close, are arranged strainers or filterers, which so free the liquid crude
material from impuritics as to cause it to be fed to the still in
comparatively speaking a pure condition.
The said Invention also consists in a most valuable feature essential-
to the attainment of the result which my apparatus accomplishes, viz.,
in arranging a separator or column between the still and the ordinary
condenser, and connecting them with each other to free the turpentine in
its passage, and while in vapor, and before it reaches the condenser of
the pyroligncous acid.
The said Invention also consists in conveying the turpentine from the
condensor to a close vessel arranged to secure the entire separation
therefrom of all condensed steam, and in then passing the turpentine
to another close vessel, from which it is barreled; thus a continuous.
and uninterrupted distillation is effected in a single apparatus, and one
in which cach and every stage of the process of distillation and
evaporation, as well as the separation of the pyroligneous acid from the
turpentine and the further separation of the water from the same after
leaving the condenser, are all carried on at one and the same time..
The result is the production of an article of pure turpentine far superior
to either the spirits or oil of turpentine now used, and whieli for
medicinal purposes is superior to the oil of terebinthinae, or the
turpentine of commerce redistilled with potash. As a solvent it is
unequalled, as copal, asphaltum, and other gums, readily and speedily´
0

page_text: yield to its action and produce the finest qualities of their respective
varnish without heat and without the use of alchool. In the use of
this apparatus I have demonstrated the fact that if the distillation or
vaporization of the crude material is effected by agitation and the action.
of steam, and at a comparatively low degree, the residuum is not black
resin, but is equal in quality to the best pale resin, which the "virgin
dip" produces.
The second part of my Invention relating to the bleaching, clarifying,
and refining of resin, is carried into practice in the following
manner:- -I take the cheapest and commonest quality of black resin,
and by any suitable means break it into small lumps, or what is still
better, pulverize the same or reduce it to a fine powder. The resin
having been thus reduced is placed in a heated vessel and while under.
agitation, or by any suitable means stirred to ensure the positive and
continued disintegration of the mass, is subjected to the direct raking
action of jets of steam, either with or without the fumes of sulphur
or chlorine. Practical experience has fully attested the fact that resin
thus treated will melt and is bleached at a degree of heat far below 276°
Fahrenheit, or the degree of heat at which now by any other process
the same results are or can be accomplished. The resin thus melted and
bleached I pass through a strainer so as to free the same as far as
possible of all impurities, especially such as contain coloring matter.
The liquid resin thus freed of its impurities and coloring matter, and
in a comparatively pure condition, but opaque, or of a whitish color,
I run off into a suitable reservoir or other receptacle, from which,
in such quantities as will best ensure the rapid vaporization of the
water which is incorporated with the new liquid resin and which renders
it opaque, I feed to a still or other steam chamber, in which at a degree
of heat just sufficient to produce evaporation the water is dissipated
from the liquid, leaving resin as pure in quality, and in all respects, and
for all the purposes of the arts, equal in value if not superior to that
which is recognized as extra pale, or the resin which is the product of
the "virgin dip." Whatever of coloring matter enters the still, being a
vegetable substance, is carried off as rapidly as the water is evaporated.
The said Invention also relates to an improved strainer and filterer
and consists in surrounding the wall of the vessel which receives the
straining kettle with a jacket in such manner as to leave a close and
tight steam chamber; in connection with the said chamber steam pipca

page_text: .
are so arranged that their heat shall act directly on the lower strainer,
and consequently directly on that portion of the liquid which it is
desirable to run through. My improvements also consist in so con-
structing the strainer kettle as to permit of its being removed at
pleasure to allow of a series of kettles being used in connection with
a single straining vessel. This will be a great advantage not only for
the purpose of clearing the strainers but it will also permit cups, whose
straining meshes are formed of different sized wires, to be used in
connection with the same vessel. These improvements also consist in
providing the said vessel with two strainers, a coarse one which first
receives the liquid, and a finer one which also acts immediately in con-
nection with the steam pipe. This filterer is equally applicable for
straining cane juice, oil, varnish, and soap, as resin.
:
The said Invention also relates to an improved resin box and barreler:
which may also be used as a liquid cooler and barreler for molasses and::
other syrups, and consists in surrounding the vessel with a jacket so
arranged in connection with the outer surface of the wall thereof as to
provide a chamber which at its upper section has an inlet pipe, and at
its lower section a discharge pipe. This chamber is designed for either
steam or water according to the nature of the liquid in connection with
the barreling of which the vessel is used.
The said Invention also consists in surrounding the entire lower
section of the vessel with a series of cocks or faucets the tubes of which
lead into the interior or liquid chamber. These cocks or faucets are at
such a distance apart as to permit a barrel to be placed under each faucet
and all simultaneously filled. The box is secured on its standards or
supports at such an angle of inclination that the faucets at the end of
the vessel will thoroughly strain the box of all the liquid that may
remain; and the angle of inclination at which the box is placed is also
important in permitting, the chamber that surrounds the vessel to be
more readily cleaned and freed from sediment and other impurities.
The said Invention also relates to an improvement in steaming and
cleaning barrels, and consists in constructing the vessel with a jacket or.
outer casing arranged to leave a steam-chamber, which is provided
with inlet and discharge tubes arranged respectively at the upper and
lower sections thereof, this chamber furnishes the means for heating the
vessel to such a degree as to soften the gummy material which adheres

page_text: to the barrel and permits the same to be more readily removed by the
jets of steam emitted through the perforations of the rose and which act
directly on the interior surface of the barrel.
The said Invention also consists in arranging along the lower section
of the vessel and parallel with the steam supply pipe, additional steam
pipes which not only serve to assist in heating to the desired degree the
interior chamber of the vessel, but also provide an open frame support
for the barrels to rest on during the process of steaming, thereby
facilitating the flow of all impurities from the barrel after the same
have been washed off by the steam jets.
The said Invention also consists in the use of an open frame or barrel
support formed to permit of its freely passing over the steam tubes and
roses; on this frame the barrels to be steamed are placed, and it affords
a convenient means for introducing the barrels for the action of the
steam and for their removal after the same have been steamed and
cleaned. I use in connection with the vessel two or more of these
frames so as to permit of the vessel's continued operation.

page_text: A. is the furnace, A¹, A¹, are the flues, and A2, A2, the grate bars, all
of which are constructed in the usual manner and may be of any desired
form or pattern; B is the still provided with a cone-shaped steam worm
B' which is arranged within the still, as shewn in Figure 1, although in
the working apparatus additional coils may be used to bring the lower
of the series of pipes nearer to the concave surface or base of the still.
The dimensions of this worm should be such as not only to insure the
emission thereof of the largest quantity of heat, but also to provide
the greatest amount of heating surface for the fumes and partially
vaporized liquid to travel through and consequently impinge against;
this construction tends greatly to facilitate the quick and thorough
evaporation of the entire mass. The lower section of the still is
enclosed in a jacket C which is relatively so arranged in connection with
the still as to leave a superheating steam chamber C. This chamber is
connected with the interior chamber of the still by means of openings c,
into which lead the angular supporting pipes 6 of the worm, and which
are merely a continuation of the coils of pipe which form the said worm.
This chamber C¹ is supplied with steam from a boiler by means of any
suitable pipe, the steam entering the chamber on the rear side of the
still. There being no novelty in either the boiler or pipe nor in their
arrangement or connection, it is not deemed necessary to shew the
same on the Drawing. C is a cock for drawing off any condensed
water and sediment that may remain in the chamber, and in addition
the chamber C¹ may be provided with a safety valve arranged as shewn
in Figure 1.
D is a liquidizing tub which is constructed of any suitable material and
may be of any desired capacity. This tub is provided with man-holes
E, E, the first for the admission of the crude material and the second to
allow access to the tub for cleaning the same; its strainers d are
independent steam jets which enter through the wall of the tub and are
designed to act with a constant raking action as it were on the crude
turpentine as the agitator continuously stirs the same; F, F, are the
cross bars of the agitator, and are attached to a vertical shaft F', which
is secured so as to revolve freely in suitable bearings at the centres of
the upper and lower sections of the tub D. The arms F of the agitator
are constructed of any suitable material, and are slightly tapering in
form from their centre openings through which the shaft passes toward
their outer ends at which they terminate in rectangular heads. The

page_text: reverse face of the sections of each arm is flat, and is braced by a rib at
its back of a taper form and terminating in a sharp cutting edge, the
base of the rib of one section being on a line with the flat face of the
other. These arms are arranged in pairs or sets at right angles to each
other, and the different sets are so arranged in relation to each other
that the arms of each two of the series shall form angles of about
forty-five degrees. The form and arrangement of these arms are clearly
shewn in Figures 3 and 4. The great advantage of thus forming the
agitator is that it provides an immense stirring surface together with
great strength, and insures in operation the entire disintegration of the
whole mass which allows of it being raked in broken portions as it were
by the jets of steam, and which renders the action of both the
steam and the heat so much the more direct and consequently more
effective.
Immediately connected with the tub D and forming part of the same
vessel is a reservoir or chamber G, which receives the crude, turpentine
after the same has been properly liquidized in the tub, passing thereto
through the opening 9, which is enclosed by strainers or filterers g¹, g²,
the upper strainer being slightly convex in form, while the lower one is.
slightly concave. The upper filterer g¹ is coarser than the lower one g³,
and while their double action insures the retention of the grosser
impurities in the tub it also frees the liquid of the lesser impurities,
retaining the same in the strainer, and thus the liquid fed to the reservoir
is supplied in comparatively speaking a pure condition.
Instead of this style of strainer, one of the form shewn in Figure 5
may be substituted, in which T represents a wire gauze cylinder; T, a
steam pipe of a zig-zag form for heating and bracing the strainer; and
Ta perforated steam pipe for cleaning the same. This opening g which
leads from the tub D to the reservoir G is opened and closed at pleasure
by means of the sliding valve d', which is operated by the valve rod and
lever f
The arrangement of strainers, valves, &c., is all clearly shewn in
Figure 1. E is a man-hole which allows access to the same for the
purposes of cleaning it, and E is a steam blow-out pipe which is also
useful in cleaning the reservoir. From this reservoir G, as required, the
liquid is fed to the interior chamber of the still by means of the jacketed
pipe H which leads into the reservoir G.through the opening H³, and

page_text: which is also capped with a strainer or filterer h. This jacketed pipe H
has cocks H for drawing off condensed steam. This opening H¹ is
closed and opened at pleasure by means of a sliding valve ', and a valve
rod and lever h³.
The tub D and reservoir G are supported on any suitable framework,
and are arranged so as to allow of the ready flow of the liquid from one
to the other, and thence to the still. K is a pipe that carries off the
superheated steam from the worm B'. This pipe is bent, as shewn at K',
Figure 1, in a zig-zag direction, and serves to supply an additional heat
to the dome section of the still chamber, to which the vapor as fast as it
is generated ascends, and from which by the pipe L' it is immediately
conveyed to the separator. This pipe K is provided with an egg-shaped
or expanding joint %, which receives any heavy liquid particles which
may be driven with the vapor from the still. The chamber which this
expanded joint forms is emptied at pleasure by means of a cock k¹.
The pipe K leads directly to the reservoir G, where it forms a steam
coil K³, and whence it passes to the tub D, where it forms the
steam coil K³. The condensed steam that is fed to the worm in the still
is thus made by means of the pipe K and its bent section K', and the
steam coils K², K³, formed therein or connected therewith to supply an
additional heat to the upper section or dome of the still where the vapor
gathers, and also to furnish the requisite heat for the reservoir G and
tub D, and thence by means of the cock K' fed to any suitable engine
From the centre of the dome of the still extends the vapor goose neck L,
to which is secured the pipe L', and which is also provided with an egg-
shaped or expanded joint l. This pipe extends diagonally through the
reservoir G, and conveys the vapor as rapidly as generated in the still
directly to the base of the separator M, into which also leads the pipe D'
from the liquidizing tub D, which pipe conveys the vapor received
from the pipe D³, and communicates with the reservoir G. This
last-mentioned pipe is furnished with a valve D³, by means of which,
when desired, the pipe can be closed. These pipes D¹, D², are
essential to the proper development of the principle of my Inventions
or improvements in distillations, and which in addition to separating the
proligneous acid from the turpentine while in vapor, has, as a leading
feature the evaporation of the crude material at the lowest possible
degree of heat. To do this I distribute the heat, and thus in a degree
render the liquidizing tub and reservoir vaporizing chambers as well as

page_text: the still, and so soon as vapor is produced in either a means of escape is
provided, and without being an instant longer subjected to heat the same
is immediately conveyed to the separator M. x X are thermometers (one
in the still B and one in the tub D), and serve to indicate the
temperature of cach vessel. Through the dome of the still enters a
tube y which is provided with a screw cap so arranged as to form a
perfectly tight connection with the tube. This tube extends down into
the chamber of the still such a distance as to insure during the operation
of the still so that its lower opening shall be always embedded in the
liquid, and to permit of the proof stick being inserted at pleasure simply
by undoing the screw cap to test the contents of the still without the
possibility of any of the vapor escaping. A similar tube y may be used
in connection with the tube D. This separator M consists of a column
having a series of trays or partitions M' with openings at their centres
over which are deflecting caps M³. Immediately below these caps are
lateral openings or orifices leading into the interior chamber of the
separator, which allow of the free passage of all the products of
cvaporation which are driven into the separator. Through an opening
in each of the trays M¹ is secured a pipe Ms, the upper section of which is
immediately below the lateral orifices through which the caps M* deflect
the vapor, acid, and other products; but in the passage of the vapor
through each of these partitions or trays M¹ and under the deflectors M² it
is robbed of more or less of its pyroligneous acid water and other impurities,
which being heavier than the vapor fall and accumulates on the trays,
while the vapor continues its ascent; but this acid water and the other
impurities can only accumulate to a certain depth, because as soon as
they reach a point flush with the upper openings of the pipes M³, they
begin to flow down from one tray to another until they reach the
bottom of the separator M, from which they are conveyed to the pipe M*
to a suitable vessel to be drawn off as wanted. The vapor thus com-
paratively free from the acid water is conveyed by the pipe Me to the
worm N, where its condensation takes place; but in the process of
condensation of the turpentine considerable steam or moisture has also
been condensed, of which it is most desirable to free the turpentine,
therefore from the worm N the turpentine and condensed steam are
conveyed together to the vessel O by means of the pipe N¹, which pipe
enters at the lower section of the vessel. The water being heavier than
the turpentine remains at the bottom, and the turpentine rises until it
reaches the opening through which enters the pipe O³, by which pipe in

page_text: a pure state the turpentine is conveyed to the vessel P, and from which
it is drawn off into barrels.
The process of distillation is as follows:-Through the man-hole E
the crude material is fed to the tub D; steam is now supplied to the
chamber C¹ and being superheated in its passage by its direct contact
with the fire-pot of the furnace A, is in this condition through the
openings C, and the supporting tubes supplied to the worm B¹ and
hence by the pipe K to the coils K³, K³, and thus serves to heat the
chamber G and tub D. It may then by opening the cock K* bc
conveyed to and utilized in running the engine that drives the agitator
shaft F, and also made to work the device that clevates the crude
material to the tub D, motion being imparted to the shaft F through the
rapid revolution of the arms F, the entire upheaving and continued
disintegration of the mass of crude material is secured. Steam is now
supplied to the jets & from any convenient source and is discharged in
the tub with a direct force, and as it were a raking action in and through
the particles of crude material as they are separated and broken up
through the action of the arms F, the result is that through the heat
from the coil K and the jets of steam in connection with the positive
and continued agitation of the mass, its proper liquidization at an
exceedingly low temperature is rapidly effected. So soon as this takes
place the sliding valve d³ is drawn back by the lever f which leaves the
opening uncovered, and the liquid flows through to the chamber G,
the grosser impurities being caught by the coarse strainer g' and retained
in the tub, while the lighter are caught and retained in the finer meshes
of the cup or concave strainer g². As soon as the tub is thus emptied
the valve is closed and the tub D is instantly recharged with the crude
material, and thus its continued and uninterrupted operation is secured.
The chamber G being heated by the coil K² to a temperature the same as
the tub D, the crude material is kept at the desired degree of liquidization.
From this chamber G the liquid is fed at pleasure to the interior or
vaporizing chamber of the still B through the opening h, and tube H
simply by drawing back the sliding valve ' through the lever h³, the
liquid being again strained and passing through the opening H' and
thence through the jacketed tube H to the still, where at an exceedingly
low temperature it is rapidly vaporized, the irregular heating surfaces
which the tubes of the worm furnish greatly facilitating the operation.
The vapor as generated ascends toward the dome of the still and thence

page_text: by the tube L to the separator M, where while the turpentine is yet in'
vapor it is freed from the pyroligneous acid which is incorporated
therewith, and thence by the pipe M is conveyed to the condenser M
and thence by the pipe N' to the vessel O, Figure 2, where the condensed
turpentine is separated from the condensed steam or water, and thence
by the pipe O¹ to the vessel P, all as herein-before described, and from
which last-named vessel it is drawn off and barreled.
As I have said the residuum left in the still owing to the low tem-
perature at which I distil is not black resin, but is equal in quality to
the best pale resin. By means of the pipe S, Figures 1 and 2, the liquid
· resin or residuum is drawn off into the resin box, being first strained.
But as the liquid resin in my bleaching process is drawn off in precisely
the same manner, and as said bleaching process when carried on in the
apparatus, Figure 1, is in so many respects entirely analogous to the
distillation of the turpentine, before proceeding to describe the strainer,
Figures 6, 7, and 8, and the resin box, Figures 9, 10, and 11, I will
describe the bleaching process. The tub D, chamber G, still B, and
worm B¹, are all arranged as shown. The separator M, Figure 1, and
the vessels O and P, Figure 2, are dispensed with. The vapor tube L
from the centre of the dome leads directly to the condenser as shown in
dotted lines W...
I take the commonest, cheapest, and most valueless black resin, and
with a crusher or by any other suitable means break it into exceedingly
small lumps, or pulverize it, or reduce it to fine powder. In this con-
dition through the man-hole E the resin is poured into the tub D, and
which tub is thoroughly heated by the steam coil K³. Motion from any
suitable motor is now imparted to the shaft F¹ which secures the rapid
revolution of the agitator, and which through its arms F so stirs and
breaks up the entire mass as to ensure its perfect and continuous disin-
tegration. Steam is now supplied to the tubes d, and thus while under
heat and being constantly upheaved and overturned by the agitator, the
broken and the disintegrated particles of resin are subjected to the direct
raking action of the jets of steam. Practical experience has proven that
when the resin is thus reduced to a powder and so stirred as to break up
the mass, and in divided and broken portions is subjected to the direct
action of heat and steam, it will melt and bleach in one tenth the time.
usually required, and at a degree of heat far below that at which ever-

page_text: heretofore the same results have been accomplished. The black resin is
full of impurities, some of which contain as is well known colouring
matter, therefore while in a liquid state I strain or so filter the melted
resin as to free it of nearly all foreign matter, and especially of such
ingredients as contain colouring matter. The resin having been reduced
to the desired degree of liquidization, the sliding valve d' is by the
lever opened, and through the opening g the resin passes to the
reservoir E; it has however by its passage through the filterer been
previously thoroughly strained, consequently when the liquid resin
reaches the reservoir it is comparatively free from impurities and com-
paratively pure, but it is yet opaque or of a whitish color, and which
opaque condition is due to the water or condensed steam which in the
tub D has been incorporated with the resin. The resin is now from
the reservoir G through the opening H¹, and jacketed tube H fed
to the still, being first strained, and here at the lowest possible degree of
heat the water is vaporized and carried off by the pipe L to the con-
denser, leaving a pure quality of resin cqual in value to that now known
to the trade as extra pale, the product of the "virgin dip." The bleached
resin or the liquid resin which is the residuum of distillation as the case
may be is drawn off into a strainer or filterer.
The style of strainer which I propose to use is shown in Figures 6, 7,
and 8, and is constructed as follows:-A is an open vessel, and consists
of an inner wall A', and a jacket or outer wall A² which are relatively
so arranged and connected as to form a close annular steam chamber B.
Steam is supplied to this chamber by means of the nozzle B¹, and when
condensed drawn off by means of the cock B². C, C, are steam pipes which
enter the chamber B at its lower section, and are slightly curved or bent
so as to as nearly as possible conform to the contour of the straining
surface in connection with which they are designed to act. These
pipes C as shown in the Drawing. run in opposite directions and cross cach
other and meet at a centre; but I desire it distinctly understood that
the number of pipes may be increased or diminished at pleasure and
their connections and arrangement changed as occasion may require
without in the slightest degree altering their function which is to supply
b to the thick and heavy liquid, an additional heat at the instant of its
being brought in contact with the finer meshes of the lower strainer, and
which causes it the more readily to filter or run therethrough. C¹ is a
cock by which the condensed steam and sediment arc drawn off from the

page_text: pipes C; D is the straining or filtering kettle, and is of such form
and dimensions as to fit snugly the vessel A, as clearly shewn in
Figure 7, which causes it to be entirely encircled with the heat from the
steam chamber as its wire mesh E is by that from the pipes C. This
kettle D is constructed of copper or other non-corrosive material, and
has an annular rim flange D' by means of which it is supported on the
upper edge of the walls of the vessel A. E is a wire gauze strainer
which is concave in form, and is secured around the open bottom of the
kettle D; when in position in the vessel A this strainer E rests imme-
diately above the pipes C, as clearly shown in Figures 6 and 7.
F is another concave wire strainer, the meshes or openings of which
are larger than those of the strainer E; it is secured in an open ring
plate or disc-shaped rim F which rests on the flange D' of the kettle;
E², E², arc eyes within the kettle by means of which, with a bail
or any other means, the kettle can be removed, which is a great
advantage, especially as in connection with a single vessel A I con-
template using a series of these kettles whose strainers, if desired, may
be constructed of gauze, the size of whose meshes differ, which permits
the same vessel being used in connection with kettles arranged to strain
liquids of varying degrees of density.
H is a thermometer, and is designed simply to indicate the degree
of heat, so that the operator may the more readily work the apparatus
under a fixed or uniformed temperature. From the strainer the liquid
resin flows to a resin box from which it is barreled.
The style of box which I propose to use is illustrated in Figures 2
9, 10, and 11, in which A is a rectangular box constructed of any
suitable material, and having a concave bottom. The wall A of this
box is surrounded by an outer casing or jacket B', which is so arranged
in connection with the wall A' as to form a closed chamber B which
surrounds the sides, ends, and bottom of the box. C is a nozzle to 3
which is attached any suitable supply pipe; this nozzle is provided
with a cock or valve C, by means of which the supply to the
chamber B can be regulated at pleasure; C¹ is a nozzle to which is
attached a cock or valve C' which permits of the contents of the
chamber B being drawn off at pleasure. Along the sides and front 3
of the vessel A and at its lower section, and leading into the interior

page_text: or liquid chamber thereof is a series of openings d, each of which
is provided with a faucet D of the class now used in connection with
the retaining of molasses, oils, and the like. These openings d arc to
be relatively so arranged that the space left between the faucets D
shall be but slightly greater than the diameter of the barrels they are
designed to supply, and which permits of the barrels being arranged
around the box one under each faucet, and all simultaneously filled.
This vessel A being thus constructed and arranged is secured on any
suitable supports E, E', onc at each end. I propose to make the
support E at the head of the box slightly higher than the other E¹
which is at the foot, so that the vessel shall rest at such an angle
of inclination that the liquid will have a tendency to flow toward the
front, consequently when the liquid is low the faucets at this section
of the box will still discharge when those at the head have ceased.
to operate, and which secures the great advantage of a perfect draining
of the box by providing it as a means of drawing off all the liquid
contained therein. As has been said a box or vessel thus constructed
and arranged is adapted for all such liquids as resin, resin oil, and other
oils, molasses, syrup, and the like, and in connection with the chamber B
provides most convenient and reliable means for barreling the same.
When the box A. is used for barreling resin the chamber B is filled
with steam; when used for barreling molasses or other syrups, which
it is desired should cool rapidly, the chamber is filled with water.
In Figures 12, 13, and 14 is illustrated the device I propose to use in
connection with my apparatus for steaming and cleaning barrels, and in
which A is the vessel having a concave bottom a. This vessel A may be of
such dimensions as to provide an interior chamber of any desired capacity.
I contemplate making the vessel of such dimensions as will provide a
chamber of an area sufficient to readily accommodate` and steam
simultaneously twenty or more barrels; but of course there is nothing
arbitrary about the size of the vessel or of the inner chamber, as my
improvements are alike applicable to the vessel, no matter what its size
or dimensions may be. The wall A of this vessel is surrounded by an
outer casing or jacket B¹, so arranged as to leave a closed steam chamber
B, and which surrounds the sides, ends, and bottom a of the vessel.
This steam chamber B is provided with inlet and discharge tubes C, C¹,
one at the upper section and the other at its base, they are arranged as
shown in Figure 12. Along the lower section of the interior chamber

page_text: of the vessel A. runs and is secured a steam supply pipe D, and in
openings in which are secured the vertical tubes D', each of which is
provided with a rose d. These roses d are perforated throughout their
entire surface and consequently emit lateral jets of steam as well as jets
in all other directions, which is important, as each section of the
barrel is thus subjected to the most direct and effective action of the
steam. In the Drawings only three of these tubes D and roses d are
shewn, but of course their number will depend on the capacity of the
chamber. When this, for instance, is such as to accommodate twenty
barrels there will be twenty tubes and roses, and this number is increased
or diminished in accordance with the capacity of the chamber. E, E,
are steam heating tubes, and are arranged parallel to and in the same
plane with the pipe D, as clearly shewn in Figure 13. These pipes E,
besides assisting the chamber B in properly heating the vessel to soften
the gum on the interior of the barrels to permit of its being more readily
removed by the action of the jets of steam are also important for another
purpose; they serve as supports for the barrel to rest on during the
process of steaming, and thereby permit the free flow and discharge of
all impurities from the barrel after the same are washed off by the jets
of steam, and which fall to the concave bottom a of the vessel and are
drawn off by the cocks e, Figure 12. The pipe D and pipes E, are
supplied with steam from any suitable boiler, as is also the chamber B.
These pipes D and E are supplied through a common nozzle F and
branch pipes f, which lead to the pipes E. The nozzle F and its tube
communicate directly with the pipe D, and is provided with a cock or
valve f1, which permits of the steam being shut off at pleasure, and thus
preventing its discharge through the perforations of the roses while the
frames Hare being lifted out and in, and which not only prevents tho
waste of steam, but also avoids all danger of the operatives being scalded
while handling the frames. These pipes all lead to a common discharge
tube F¹, by means of which the condensed sediment and other matters
are readily drawn off as occasion may require. In inserting and removing
the barrels I use a frame H, which consists of forked arms G, to the base
of which are secured flanged bearing plates g, and which serve as
supports for two or more horizontal rods or plates G¹. These are in the
same plane and parallel to cach other, and are arranged to leave an
unobstructed space at the centre sufficiently large to permit of the
tubes D and roses d readily passing therethrough, as clearly shewn in
Tigure 14.

page_text: In eyes at the upper section of the forked side arms G are secured the
bail arms H', which are united at their upper section by the eye of the
hook h, and which arrangement is clearly shewn in Figure 12. This
hook affords a convenient means for handling the frame either by a lever,.
pulley and cord, or other equivalent means; I propose to use in connection
with each vessel two or more of these frames, so that while one is
supporting the barrels in the vessel, and which are being steamed,
another set of barrels is being arranged on frame No. 2 to be placed over
the roses so soon as frame No. 1 is removed, and which permits of the
work being carried on without interruption.
These frames are constructed of any suitable material, and their
dimensions depend entirely on the size of the vessel in connection with
which they are desired to be used. When the vessel is of a capacity and
is so arranged as to steam twenty barrels simultaneously, the base rods
G' of the frame must be of a length sufficient to support and hold
twenty barrels in a row, and so in regard to a greater or less number,..
the size of the frame depending entirely on the dimensions of the
vessel.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing, the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. The still B, having a jacket C arranged in connection therewith.
forming a superheating steam chamber C¹, and the circular cone-shaped
worm B connected, combined, and arranged to operate substantially as
described.
Second. In combination with the worm B₁ the pipe K having coils
K³, K³, formed therein or connected therewith, the whole being arranged
so that the superheated steam from the coil shall serve as the heating
medium for the reservoir G and tub D, substantially as described.
Third. The reservoir G, still B, jacketed pipe H, sliding valve ¹, and
strainer, constructed, combined; and arranged to operate substantially"
as described.
Fourth. The liquidizing tub D, reservoir G, sliding valve d, and double
strainer g, g, constructed, combined, and arranged to operate sub-
stantially as described.
Fifth. The revolving agitator or stirrer herein described consisting of
the shaft F, and the series of independent arms F, formed as shown,

page_text: the whole constructed and combined to operate substantially as set
forth.
Sixth. The liquidizing tub D, agitator F, and independent steam jets
d combined and arranged to operate substantially as described. .
Seventh. The still B, separator M, and condenser N, the whole being 5
so combined and arranged that the turpentine, while in vapor, and before
it reaches the condenser, shall be freed from pyroligneous acid, substan-
tially as described.
Eighth. The still B, tub D, separator M, and pipes D1, D2, the whole
being constructed, combined, and arranged to operate substantially as 1
described.
Ninth. The herein described process of reducing the resin to small
lumps or pulverizing the same to powder to facilitate the operation of
bleaching the same by the direct action of steam and heat, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
1
Tenth. The process of bleaching resin by the direct action of steam
and heat with or without the fumes of sulphur or chlorine while the
mass of resin is under agitation or is being so stirred as to ensure its
positive and continued disintegration, substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. The processes of bleaching, clarifying, and refining resin,
first, by reducing it to a powder or small lumps and then bleaching by
the direct action of steam and heat while the mass is under agitation,
and then in a suitable vessel freeing the liquid resin from the water
incorporated therewith through its evaporation, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
Twelfth. The steam pipes C arranged in connection with a strainer or
filtering surface to operate substantially as described.
Thirteenth. The vessel A having a steam chamber B formed as shown,
and the pipes C, the whole being combined and arranged to operate
substantially as described.
Fourteenth. In combination with the vessel A, the independent kettle
D having at its lower section a straining or filtering surface E, the whole
being constructed and arranged to permit of the kettle being removed at
pleasure, whereby a series of kettles can be used in connection with the
same vessel as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Fifteenth. The vessel A, kettle D, strainer E, having close meshies or
small openings, and the coarse strainer F, the whole being combined and
arranged to operate substantially as described.
Sixteenth. The box A having a steam chamber B and the scrics of
faucets D, the whole being constructed, combined, and arranged to
operate substantially as described.
Seventeenth. The vessel A having a steam chamber B, pipe D, tubes
D¹, and roses d, the whole being combined and arranged to operate
substantially as described.
Eighteenth. A vessel having steam pipes D and E arranged to heat
the same, and at the same time serve as a supporting frame for the barrels
in combination with the tubes D¹ and roses d, the whole being combined
and arranged to operate substantially as described.
Nineteenth. The vessel A having a steam chamber B formed as shewn,
pipes D and E, tubes D¹, and roses d, the whole being combined and
arranged to operate substantially as described.
Twentieth. In combination with a barrel steamer the frame H, con-
structed and arranged to operate in connection therewith, substantially as
described.
In witness whercof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
25
Witness,
JAMES EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)