USE IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES ON PAPER OR ANY FLEXIBLE SUPPORT, IN ROLLS OR LENGTHS
Year: 1885

page_text: WILLIAM THOMAS MORGAN & ROBERT LEAMON KIDD of the Argentic Gelatino-
Bromide Works Kew Foot Road Richmond Surrey Manufacturers of Photographic
Papers etc do hereby declare the nature of their invention for USE IN PRODUCING
PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES ON PAPER OR ANY FLEXIBLE SUPPORT, IN ROLLS OR
LENGTHS, to be as follows:-
. This apparatus is designed for use in the making of Photographic Negatives on
paper or any flexible support such support to be used in a band or length bearing
a sensitive emulsion and portions of which are successively exposed till the band
shall be exhausted. In our slide this band is wound from off a roll held in
position by an axal rod and after exposure the exposed portion is wound upon a
receiving roller giving place to an unexposed portion upon which the next negative
is to be made. It is essential in a slide of this nature to provide 1th a simple and
efficient method of bringing each portion of paper or film before exposure to an
exact given plane and there holding it quite rigid, flat and immoveable while the
exposure is being made also it is well known that paper coated with anything of
a gelatinous nature is when dry in a very buckled and wrinkled state and is
affected by every atmospheric change and cannot be successfully used for negative
making until it is stretched and made quite flat and we are not aware of any
apparatus designed for a similar purpose to our own fitted with an attachment
effectually answering this purpose and 2ndly a simple means of registering the
length of paper exposed and for ascertaining when the required portion of unex-
posed paper is in the right position for exposure. Our apparatus is designed to
meet these necessaries in a manner to be herein after described together with
other and minor requirements also herein after to be described.
First we take a roll of sensitive paper or sensitive material we then paste a
narrow strip of very thin paper across each end of the roll at right angles to each
other these strips of paper prevent the roll from springing open and dispense with
the usual skid roller and spool. The object of placing the strips of paper at right
angles to each other is to prevent them coming into pull at the same time thus
causing less tension on the roll than if they both came into tension together. We
then place the roll of paper in position on the axal rod and lead it round a guide
rod and across stretching back causing it to revolve index roller in its passage and
attach it to receiving roller by which it is drawn forward. It is now ready for
stretching and fixing in position for exposure by means of the aforesaid stretching
back. This is a moveable tablet rather larger than aperture in front of slide

page_text: having a perfectly flat face over which the paper is drawn by the receiving roller.
Round the edge of this tablet a groove is formed to fit a bead fixed on the back of
front wall of slide. The paper passing over the front of the moveable grooved
tablet and between it and the bead is now ready for stretching and pressing up to
registering plane. This is effected by moving the grooved tablet towards the front
of slide which carries the paper with it until the fixed front bead enters the groove
round tablet and pressing the edges of the paper into the groove strains it perfectly
flat across the face of the tablet. This after the method employed for straining
paper stencils made by the electric pen and for stretching paper dry upon drawing
board &c or for stretching linen for marking. The movements of the tablet are
actuated by a spindle fixed vertically across the centre of its back and bearing an
eccentric roller or discs. In turning this spindle so that the largest part of its
roller or discs lie between the spindle and the moveable tablet the tablet is pressed
by the forward into desired position already described and is released by turning
the spindle until their lesser parts lie between it and the moveable tablet. The
moveable tablet when fixed besides straining the paper locks it in position and
renders it quite rigid and immoveable and makes it secure from accidental move-
ment. It is also furnished with die-perforators which are arranged in the groove and
perforating the paper for separating after the manner of postage stamps &c clearly
indicates the length of paper used and facilitates the detachment of each separate
negative from the whole length or band. This back or strainer also acts as a shield
to preserve the inner rolls from the effect of light which would penetrate a semi-
transparent substance like paper &c.
An essential part of our claim is also our arrangement for indicating when the
paper is in the right position for exposure which we effect in the following
manner.
The paper on being drawn off from the stock roll passes on its way to the
receiving roller along the surface of a roller which is revolved by it in so passing
on the top of this roller is fitted a spiral screw disc upon which a rivet of a shape
to fit worm of screw is pressed by a jointed spring having a vertical motion only.
This rivet is placed in position at base of spiral screw disc after every exposure,
and on the index roller being revolved by the passing paper ascends the spiral
spring. When the required length of paper has passed the revolving index roller
it has caused it to revolve a sufficient number of times to make the rivet mount to
the top of the spiral screw disc where it drops into a hole made to receive it
indicating that the required length of paper is now in position for stretching &c
and exposing.
The points of improvement we claim as our invention which differ from all other
apparatus designed for a similar purpose we declare to be substantially as follows.
Our method of straining and stretching the paper by mean of a moveable tablet
actuated by an eccentric movement as above described The perfect registration
of plane of paper and perforation of ditto for separation of negatives from the
whole band. Our system of measuring by means of spiral screw disc herein above
described, and the jointed spring and rivet acting on same.
And the use of small
strips of paper pasted across each end of roller but at right angle to each other in
lieu of more elaborate provisions for preventing stock roll of paper from unwinding
too rapidly.
1
L 1007
WILLIAM THOMAS MORGAN.
ROBERT LEAMON KIDD.

page_text: .
round its sides. The object of the screen is to present a level surface to support
paper stretched across it & also to shield the paper stored behind it from the action
of light until ready for exposure. This screen is also made moveable when an
additional strain is required & when the paper or flexible support is required to be
held when strained rigidly and immoveably in position. The screen should be then
rather longer than aperture in front on Slide & round its sides a groove is formed
to receive a bead fitted on the back of front wall of Slide. The paper or flexible
material passes over the surface of the moveable screen & between its groove & the
bead. The moveable screen is actuated by a spindle bearing eccentric discs which
is fixed behind it between rollers A & C & is worked by a thumb-screw. As the
spindle is turned so that the largest part of the discs lie between the spindle & the
screen the screen is pressed forward carrying the paper or flexible material with it
until the fixed front bead enters the groove round the screen & pressing the edges
of the paper or flexible material into it strains it perfectly flat across the face of
the screen & holds it immoveably until the pressure of the discs on its back are
removed. To indicate what part of the length of the paper or film has been
exposed after it has been removed from the Slide a spring is arranged in the
groove of the shutter H bearing a point & is so arranged that on closing shutter H
the springs are pressed inwards & its point makes a puncture in the paper at the
limit of each exposure.
There are also arrangements made for securing a proper tension on the paper so
that it shall be held in contact with the measuring roller sufficiently tightly to
revolve it in unison with the passage of paper over its surface, also that it should
strain it tightly across the front of screen so that it presents a perfectly even
appearance for exposure. For this object the spool on which the paper is wound
is a round hollow tube made of cardboard paper mache or any suitable material
which fits loosely upon the stock spool This caseing is pierced through its sides in
such a manner as to make a number of burred edges on its inside surface.
On being adjusted in the slide the stock spool is forced through the caseing
parting the burrs on its inner surface. On winding paper off, the hollow core
considerable tension is obtained before the grip of the burrs and the stock spool is
overcome & the core revolves & release its paper. There is a second tension device
which serves also to ensure that no paper passes the measuring roller without
registering its passage by revolving it. This is in the form of a concave caseing
fitting over about of the convex surface of the measuring roller Its surface is
covered with velvet or other suitable material & it is pressed tightly by springs
actuated by the back slide upon the surface of the paper moving between it and
the measuring roller. This offers a drag on the upper surface of the paper & the
velvet or other material sweep any particle of dust or fluff from its face before it
passos to the front of the slide for exposure.
The method of useing the invention is as follows.
The stock spool above described is removed from the Roller Slide & a roll of
sensitive paper or film which has been reeled on the hollow tube above described is
introduced & placed in such a position that the hollow centre of tube lies
immediately under the aperture in top of slide through which the stock spool is
introduced & above its bearing in bottom of case. The stock spool is now intro-
duced & passed through the hollow tube to its bearing in bottom of case making a
way for itself through the burrs on its inner surface which are pressed back by the
forcible passage of the spool but maintain a steady pressure upon it which is
continued throughout the revolutions of the tube until all the paper is wound off.
The spool is then locked in to hold it rigid when the tube around it is revolved.
The pressure block above described is removed & the paper is led from the roll
across the surface of the measuring roller also above described & round and across
the front of the screen & further round the screen to the receiving roller above
described. It is then threaded through the longitudinal slot in the receiving roller
& secured by a few turns. The rachet at top of this roller is then engaged with
its spring pawl. The pressure block is again fitted on the measuring roller &

page_text: brought into action by the closing of the back Slide which forms a base for the
spring to act upon as above. If a moveable screen is used as above described it
should now be moved into position. The sensitive paper or film is now in a
position for exposure. After each exposure the peg acting on the spiral measuring
disc on top of the measuring roller above fully described must be placed in position
at the base of spiral disc & immediately beneath the hole into which it will drop
when the next length of paper is in position for exposure. The exposed portion
of paper is then wound on to the receiving roller by the thumbscrew after first
moving back moveable screen when used & give place in front of the screen for an
unexposed portion.. As this paper passes across the measuring roller its passage is
accurately indicated & registered by the spiral measuring disc above described. As
this disc revolves with the measuring roller beneath it the spiral screw around it
carries the peg up which is pressed against its surface until the required length of
paper or films is in the right position for exposure when the peg drops into the
hole at top of disc & locking it stops further revolution of the measuring roller.
When the paper is in position the front Slide is withdrawn & in its passage it
presses down the springs in its grooves actuating the pricker in the manner above
described which punctures the paper or filin at the limit of each exposure.
the paper or film is exhausted the end of the length is detached from its hollow
tube & wound on to receiving roller which may then be detached & fresh roller
introduced.
When
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
•
(1) The complete apparatus for exposing photographic films constructed &
operating substantially as described.
(2) The arrangements for measuring & registering the length & position of paper
or flexible material automatically & substantially as described.
(3) The tension tube with rough edged projections on its inner surface for
maintaining a tension in conjunction with the receiving roller upon the flexible
material substantially as described.
(4) In a Roller Slide such as described the pressure & dusting pad fitting over
the measuring roller substantially as described.
(5) In an apparatus such as described the automatic pricking & marking of the
paper by the pricker actuated by the front slide substantially as described.
(6) The system of straining by means of a moveable screen substantially as
described.

page_text: WILLIAM THOMAS MORGAN & ROBERT LEAMON KIDD of the Argentic Gelatino-
Bromide Works Kew Foot Road Richmond Surrey Manufacturers of Photographic
Papers etc do hereby declare the nature of their invention for USE IN PRODUCING
PHOTOGRAPHIO NEGATIVES ON PAPER OR ANY FLEXIBLE SUPPORT, IN ROLLS OR
LENGTHS, to be as follows:-
This apparatus is designed for use in the making of Photographic Negatives on
paper or any flexible support such support to be used in a band or length bearing
a sensitive emulsion and portions of which are successively exposed till the band
shall be exhausted. In our slide this band is wound from off a roll held in
position by an axial rod and after exposure the exposed portion is wound upon a
receiving roller giving place to an unexposed portion upon which the next negative
is to be minde. It is essential in a slide of this nature to provide 1 a simple and
efficient method of bringing each portion of paper or film before exposure to an
exact given plane and there holding it quite rigid, flat and immoveable while the
exposure is being made also it is well known that paper coated with anything of
a gelatinous nature is when dry in a very buckled and wrinkled state and is
affected by every atmospheric change and cannot be successfully used for negative
making until it is stretched and made quite flat and we are not aware of any
apparatus designed for a similar purpose to our own fitted with an attachment
effectually answering this purpose and 2nd a simple means of registering the
length of paper exposed and for ascertaining when the required portion of unex-
posed paper is in the right position for exposure. Our apparatus is designed to
meet these necessaries in a manner to be herein after described together with
other and minor requirements also herein after to be described.
First we take a roll of sensitive paper or sensitive material we then paste a
narrow strip of very thin paper across each end of the roll at right angles to each
other these strips of paper prevent the roll from springing open and dispense with
the usual skid roller and spool. The object of placing the strips of paper at right
angles to each other is to prevent them coming into pull at the same time thus
causing less tension on the roll than if they both came into tension together. We
then place the roll of paper in position on the axial rod and lead it round a guide
rod and across stretching back causing it to revolve index roller in its passage and
attach it to receiving roller by which it is drawn forward. It is now ready for
stretching and fixing in position for exposure by means of the aforesaid stretching
back. This is a moveable tablet rather larger than aperture in front of slide

page_text: having a perfectly flat face over which the paper is drawn by the receiving roller.
Round the edge of this, tablet a groove is formed to fit a bead fixed on the back of
front wall of slide. The paper passing over the front of the moveable grooved
tablet and between it and the bead is now. ready for stretching and pressing up to
registering plane. This is effected by moving the grooved tablet towards the front
of slide which carries the paper with it until the fixed front bead enters the groove
round tablet and pressing the edges of the paper into the groove strains it perfectly
flat across the face of the tablet. This 'after the method employed for straining
paper stencils made by the electric pen and, for stretching paper dry upon drawing
board. &c or for stretching linen for marking. The movements of the tablet are
actuated by a spindle fixed vertically across the centre of its back and bearing an
eccentric roller or discs. In turning this spindle so that the largest part of its
roller or discs lio between the spindle and the moveablo tablet the tablet is pressed
by them forward inte desired position already described and is released by turning
the spindle until their lesser parts lie between it and the moveable tablet. The
moveable tablet when fixed besides straining the paper locks it in position and
renders it quite rigid and immoveable and makes it secure from accidental move-
ment. It is also furnished with die-perforators which are arranged in the groove and
perforating the paper for separating after the manner of postage stamps &c clearly
indicates the length of paper used and facilitates the detachment of each separate
negative from the whole length or band. This back or strainer also acts as a shield
to preserve. the inner rolls from the effect of light which would penetrate a semi-
transparent substance like papor &c.
An essential part of our claim is also our arrangement for indicating when the
paper is in the right position for exposure which we effect in the following
manner.
The paper on being drawn off from the stock roll passes on its way to the
receiving roller along the surface of a roller which is revolved by it in so passing
on the top of this roller is fitted a spiral screw disc upon which a rivet of a shape
to fit worm of screw is pressed by a jointed spring having a vertical motion only.
This rivet is placed in position at base of spiral screw disc after every exposure,
and on the index roller being revolved by the passing paper ascends the spiral
spring. When the required length of paper has passed the revolving index roller
it has caused it to revolve a sufficient number of times to make the rivet mount to
the top of the spiral screw disc where it drops into a hole made to receive it
indicating that the required length of paper is now in position for stretching &
and exposing.
The points of improvement we claim as our invention which differ from all other
apparatus designed for a similar purpose we declare to be substantially as follows.
Our method of straining and stretching the paper by mean of a moveable tablet
actuated by an eccentric movement as above described The perfect registration
of plane of paper and perforation of ditto for separation of negatives from the
whole band. Our system of measuring by means of spiral screw disc herein above
described, and the jointed spring and rivet acting on same. And the use of small
strips of paper pasted across each end of roller but at right angle to each other in
lieu of more elaborate provisions for preventing stock roll of paper from unwinding
too rapidly.
1007

page_text: "
WILLIAM THOMAS MORGAN and ROBERT LEAMON KIDD both of "Rosedale
Kew Foot R Richmond Surrey do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for A ROLLER CAMERA SLIDE OR CARRIER and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This apparatus is designed for use in the making of photographic negatives on
paper or any flexible support such support to be used in a length wound in a roll
& bearing a sensitive emulsion portions of which are successively exposed till the
whole length is exposed. The invention consists of a light tight box or caseing
fitting on to the photographic Camera in the same manner as an ordinary dark
slide.
In the drawings annexed which show the apparatus charged with paper
Fig. 1 shows the top.
Fig 2 the back open.
The cascing is fitted with 3 principal rollers as shewn in fig. 2. A is a moveable
roller having a knob at top it is introduced into the Slide through an aperture in
the top.
The underneath surface of knob overlapping & fitting close down upon
top of slide to prevent light entering it. This roller passes through the roll of
The end of roller
paper to be used which is wound upon a hollow tube or core.
fits into a bearing in bottom side of Slide & it is rendered immoveable by a catch
fitting into the knob.
B is the measuring roller which revolves with the paper as it passes across its
surface.
D is a spiral screw disc fixed to roller B with which it revolves, its object is to
measure the paper or film passing across roller B & to indicate when a certain
required length of sensitive paper or film has passed across the front of Slide and
is in a position for exposure. It is formed with a disc having a spiral screw thread
running round it from bottom to top. A small peg is pressed in the worm of the
disc by a spring which is free to inove vertically. As the roller B with disc is
revolved by the paper or film passing, the peg, which is set at bottom of worm of
disc mounts the spiral screw.
When sufficient paper is wound off for an exposure
the peg has mounted to top of disc & drops into a hole locking the roller in such
a manner as to prevent the disc & measuring roller or the paper or film moving
further until peg is released & and placed in position for next exposure. Roller C the
receiving roller collects the paper or film after exposure. This is a roller with a
longitudinal slot through which the end of the paper is threaded & fixed by this
method to the roller. It is provided at the top with a thumbscrew by which it is
turned when it draws the paper across the front of the slide, a ratchet wheel
actuated by a spring pawl and fixed immediately beneath the thumbscrew
prevents the roller turning the reverse way. Between the rollers before described
& the front wall of slide is placed a thin screen having a perfectly plane surface
across which the paper is stretched & travels in its passage from the spool A to the
receiving roller C. on either side of the screen is a roller to assist passage of paper

page_text: round its sides. The object of the screen is to present a level surface to support
paper stretched across it & also to shield the paper stored behind it from the action
of light until ready for exposure. This screen is also made moveable when an
additional strain is required & when the paper or flexible support is required to be
held when strained rigidly and immoveably in position. The screen should be then
rather longer than aperture in front on Slide & round its sides a groove is formed
to receive a bead fitted on the back of front wall of Slide. The paper or flexible
material passes.over the surface of the moveable screen & between its groove & the
bead. The moveable screen is actuated by a spindle bearing eccentric discs which
is fined behind it between rollers A & C & is worked by a thumb-scrow. As the
spindle is turned so that the largest part of the discs lie between the spindle & the
screen the screen is pressed forward carrying the paper or flexible material with it
until the fixed front bead enters the groove round the screen & pressing the edges
of the paper or flexible material into it strains it perfectly flat across the face of
the screen & hold it immoveably until the pressure of the discs on its back are
removed. To indicate what part of the length of the paper or film has been
exposed after it has been removed from the Slide a spring is arranged in the
groove of the shutter H bearing a point & is so arranged that on closing shutter H
the springs are pressed inwards & its point makes a puncture in the paper at the
limit of each exposure.
There are also arrangements made for securing a proper tension on the paper so
that it shall be held in contact with the measuring roller sufficiently tightly to
revolve it in unison with the passage of paper over its surface, also that it should
strain it tightly across the front of screen so that it presents. a perfectly even
appearance for exposuro. For this object the spool on which the paper is wound
is a round hollow tube made of cardboard paper mache or any suitable material
which fits loosely upon the stock spool This caseing is pierced through its sides in
such a manner as to make a number of burred edges on its inside surface.
On being adjusted in the slide. the stock spool is forced through the caseing
parting the burrs on its inner surface. On winding paper off, the hollow core
considerable tension is obtained before the grip of the burrs and the stock spool is
overcome & the core revolves & release its paper. There is a second tension device
which serves also to ensure that no paper passes the measuring roller without
registering its passage by revolving it. This is in the form of a concavo caseing
fitting over about of the convex surface of the measuring roller Its surface is
covered with velvet or other suitable material & it is pressed tightly by springs
actuated by the back slide upon the surface of the paper moving between it and
the measuring roller. This offers a drag on the upper surface of the paper & the
velvet or other material sweep any particle of dust or fluff from its face before it
passes to the front of the slide for exposure.
The method of useing the invention is as follows.
The stock spool above described is removed from the Roller Slide & a roll of
sensitive paper or film which has been reeled on the hollow tube above described is
introduced and placed in such a position that the hollow centre of tube lies
immediately under the aperturo in top of slide through which the stock pool is
introduced & above its bearing in bottom of case. The stock pool is now intro-
duced & passed through the hollow tube to its bearing in bottom of case making a
way for itself through the burrs on its inner surface which are pressed back by tho
forcible passage of the spool but maintain a steady pressure upon it which is
continued throughout the revolutions of the tube until all the paper is wound off.
The spool is then locked in to hold it 'rigid when the tube around it is revolved.
The pressure block above described is removed & the paper is led from the roll
across the surface of the measuring roller also above described & round and across
the front of the screen & further round the screen to the receiving roller above
described. It is then threaded through the longitudinal slot in the receiving roller
& secured by a few turns. The rachet at top of this roller is then engaged with
its spring pawl. The pressure block is again fitted on the measuring roller &

page_text: brought into action by the closing of the back Slide which forms a base for the
spring to act upon as above. If a moveable screen is used as above described it
should now be moved into position. The sensitive paper or film is now in a
position for exposure. After each exposure the peg acting on the spiral measuring
disc on top of the measuring roller above fully described must be placed in position
at the base of spiral disc & immediately beneath the hole into which it will drop
when the next length of paper is in position for exposure.. The exposed portion
of paper is then wound on to the receiving roller by the thumbscrew.after first
moving back moveable screen when used & give place in front of the screen for an
unexposed portion. As this paper passes across the measuring roller its passage is.
accurately indicated & registered by the spiral measuring disc above described. As
this disc revolves with the measuring roller beneath it the spiral screw around it
carries the peg up which is pressed against its surface until the required length of
paper or films is in the right position for exposure when the peg drops into the
hole at top of disc & locking it stops further revolution of the measuring roller.
When the paper is in position the front Slide is withdrawn & in its passage it
presses down the springs in its grooves actuating the pricker in the manner above
described which punctures the paper or film at the limit of each exposure. When
the paper or film is exhausted the ond of the length is detached from its hollow
tube & wound on to receiving roller which may then be detached & fresh roller
introduced.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we are aware
of Sharp's Patent No. 3581 of 1885 and do not claim as of our invention anything
contained in the Specification of the said Patent but what we claim is
(1) The complete apparatus for exposing photographic films constructed &
operating substantially as described.
(2) The arrangement for measuring & registering the length & position of paper
or flexible material automatically & substantially as described.
(3) The tension tube with rough edged projections on its inner surface for
maintaining a tension in conjunction with the receiving roller upon the flexible
material substantially as described.
(4) In a Roller Slide such as described the pressure & dusting pad fitting over
the measuring roller substantially as described.
(5) In an apparatus such as described the automatic pricking & marking of the
paper by the pricker actuated by the front slide substantially as described.
(6) The system of straining by means of a moveable screen substantially as
described.