IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING WASTE PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL AND OTHER WORKS IN ORDER TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION TO RENDER THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mc Adam, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UTILIZING WASTE PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL AND OTHER WORKS IN ORDER TO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William McAdam at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th December 1872.
I, WILLIAM M° ADAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UTILIZING WASTE PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL AND OTHER WORKS IN ORDER
TO RENDER THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL PURPOSES," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to utilize waste products of soda ash
works, alkali, soap, iron, and other chemical works, and to convert the
same into bricks or blocks of solid material, which may be used for
building and other structural purposes.
In the afore-mentioned refuse substances lime is present, and in cases
where there is a sufficient quantity of such lime it is necessary only to
saturate them with water, or in place of using pure water the water or
lye in which the sulphate of soda is dissolved in the manufacture of
soda ash may be used. The saturated mass is then put into moulds

page_text: and formed into bricks or blocks with or without pressure, after which
it is dried.
In cases where lime is not present in sufficient quantity it may be
supplied by mixing Portland, Roman, or other cement, or silicá may
be mixed with the said refuse substances, and then these combined
substances are treated with water or lye in the manner herein-before
described. The quantity or proportion of the substances so supplied or
added is necessarily variable, according to the quantity of lime in the
refuse.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William M° Adam in the Groat Seal Patent Office
on the 26th Juno 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
M° ADAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the 36th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William M Adam, Her special license
that I, the said William Mc Adam, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Mc Adam, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UTILIZING WASTE PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL AND OTHER WORKS IN ORDER TO RENDER
THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Mc Adam, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to he
filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Mc Adam, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:―
My said Invention has for object to utilize certain waste products of
"alkali works" and iron works, and to convert the same into bricks or
blocks of solid material, which may be used for building and analogous
structural purposes.
The waste of the "alkali works" is that generally known as "alkali
waste" or "tank waste,” being also sometimes known as "soda waste”
and "potash waste," accordingly as the manufacture from which it is
produced is carbonate of soda or carbonate of potash.
In both the "wastes" referred to lime and sulphur arc the chief
constituents, the waste being essentially a sulphide of calcium.
In order to specify more particularly the character of the waste
material I employ I here set forth the following analyses thereof, which
may be taken as representing their average composition, although they
sometimes vary therefrom:-

page_text: In place of using the waste material alone or having lime or cements
mixed with it, as herein-before set forth, other waste substances may also
be used in combination or mixture with it, or with it and lime and the
aforesaid cements. These waste substances are the dust of iron works,
sometimes known as "iron mine" ground slag, either from blast furnaces
or puddling or heating furnaces, or sea or river sand or pulverised clay
may be mixed therewith.
In using any or all of the last-mentioned substances I do not limit
myself to any particular proportions thereof as such proportions may be
considerably varied, it must however be understood that when using
either or any of them care must be taken that the quantity used is
insufficient to interfere seriously with the strength or cohesion of the
bricks or blocks.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I wish to
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the constructing of bricks or blocks
from "alkali waste" with or without other substances in combination
or admixture therewith, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William McAdam, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-three.