matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FINISHING CLASPS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE METALLIC CONNECTORS, AND WHICH SAID MODE OF FINISH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
lett by Alfred Stanley at
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1868.
I, ALFRED STANLEY, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Covered Buckle
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FINISHING CLASPS AND OTHER SUCH LIKE METALLIC
CONNECTORS, AND WHICH SAID MODE OF FINISH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention will be understood to consist in finishing metallic clasps and
such like connectors by covering them with leather, either on one or both
sides, the said leather being moulded, pressed, or embossed. to the shape or
sectional design of the metal shell or part desired to be covered, and which
leather is intended to be united around the edges to the metal portion or part
or back covering by stitching or sewing, which may be effected by hand or
with the aid of the sewing machine, or otherwise secured, and in some instances
I purpose adding on the outer surface of the leather central or other orna-
ments, which may be secured by wire shanks, soldered or otherwise united to
the ornament, and passed through the leather covering, metal shell, or other
material and back covering, when back coverings are used, to be spread over
or rivetted, or secured in any other convenient way. This mode of finishing
clasps, and such like articles, may also be used with advantage in making
rosettes for head harness for horses, passe-partout frames, and cases for pho-
tographs, and other such like purposes; the form and character of the article

page_text: covered being derived from the inner shell or support, or the leather covering
being moulded, embossed, or pressed into the desired shape, the hollow
portion may be filled up with any suitable plastic material capable of setting
hard, of which there are a variety of compound cements suitable, so as to
maintain the desired external form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN- ING MOTIVE POWER FROM STEAM AND THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1868.
I, JOHN THOMAS SMITH, of Lee, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN-
ING MOTIVE POWER FROM STEAM AND THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the following arrangements for obtaining power.
I place a furnace or furnaces in the interior of a boiler, and supply it or them
with air by an air-compressing pump or machine. Although I prefer to place
the furnace inside the boiler, yet it may be placed outside. I pass the whole
of the heated air and other products of combustion from the furnace into the
water in the boiler. The steam, hot air, gases, and other products are after-
wards passed through a filter or not, and are employed in a high-pressure
engine. The cylinders of the engine are by preference lined with steel, or
are made of chilled or case-hardened iron. In some cases I cause the feed
water to pass through the fire bars, which are made hollow for the purpose.
THE APPLI- CATION OF GLASS FOR CEILINGS, AND THE LIKE OVERHEAD PARTS OF HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Theodore Heath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1863.
I, THOMAS THEODORE HEATH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE APPLI-
CATION OF GLASS FOR CEILINGS, AND THE LIKE OVERHEAD PARTS OF HOUSES AND
OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
Those parts of dwelling-houses, theatres, public and other buildings, such
as the ceilings, the inside surfaces of roofs, the under surfaces of galleries and
other overhead parts, all which are usually constructed of lath and plaster, and
those parts of ships such as the cabins and state rooms' ceilings, or, in other
words, the under surfaces of decks, the lower parts of screens, theatre scenes,
and other like overhead parts principally constructed of wood, I make or form
wholly or partially of glass, silvered, transparent, opaque figured, coloured or
otherwise, but preferably silvered; for when it is so prepared, and ceilings
or other overhead parts are constructed thereof, it lends an appearance
to the room or other place where it is placed, which from its scenic effect
cannot fail to be appreciated and admired; in addition to which, such appli-
cation of glass gives or produces a lasting, cleanly, and economical overhead
covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR Looms
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Phillipson, and William
Bond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th July 1868.
We, RICHARD PHILLIPSON and WILLIAM BOND, of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, Overlookers of Power Looms, do hereby declare *the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR Looms," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in fixing within the ordinary temple trough a
stationary rod, instead of a moveable rod or temple, and in placing thereon, at
each end, a wood or other roller, made sufficiently light to revolve by the
motion of the cloth. A pair of bushes or collars are also fixed upon the said
rod, and are adjustable thereon by means of set screws, in order to regulate
the proper position of the rollers to the breadth of the cloth in the loom. The
rollers are covered or coated with sand, emery, smalts, glass, or other suitable
materials, and in order more effectually to increase their adhesiveness to the
cloth, and to increase its breadth, we cut spiral grooves in the surface of the
rollers. The general object of these improvements is to obtain a greater
amount of adhesiveness or bite by lighter and more easily revolving means
than has hitherto been attained. For very light goods or 'fabrics it may be
found preferable to have the rollers without grooves in their surfaces.
A NEW KIND OF FOOD FOR HORSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanislas Pluchart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1863.
I, STANISLAS PLUCHART, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW KIND OF FOOD FOR HORSES," to
be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a new description of food for horses, which I
intend to call concrete horses' mash, the composition of which is to vary more
or less, according to the age or the state of health of the horse, the work the
same is to perform or other circumstances, and which mash is to offer in a
small compass or compressed state either a complete food for horses, or serve
at the same time for administering to them medicinal or other products mixed
up with the mash, the latter allowing consequently to use to advantage any
edibles, residues of a farmyard. From what has been said it will be under-
stood that the composition of the mash is to vary according to the object to be
obtained. The same consists principally of straw, hay, or other fodder or
forage cut into chaff, of pounded, crushed, bruised, or pulverized oats, gluten,
and salt, to which is further to be added, likewise in the crushed, pounded,
bruised, or pulverized state, horse beans, barley, linseed, or linseed cakes, India
corn, buckwheat, beetroot, pulp, potatoes, or other edible vegetable products
suitably cut into chaff, pounded, crushed, bruized, or pulverized, according to
their nature, and further pulverized bones or suitable calcareous salts, drastic
or other suitable medicinal products according to the effect to be obtained.

page_text: The various substances are to be well mixed together, pressed into balls, bricks,
or other suitable forms, and allowed to dry more or less as required, and given
to the horse in that state or broken into pieces, pounded, or mixed up with
water or other liquid in the cold or warm state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROUGHING HORSES WITHOUT TAKING OFF THE SHOE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Batt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August 1863.
I, HENRY BATT, of 21, Charlton King's Road, Kentish Town, in the
Parish of St. Pancras, and in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROUGHING HORSES WITHOUT
TAKING OFF THE SHOE," to be as follows:-
It consists of two main pieces of wrought iron, one of which clasps each side
of the front of the horse's foot, turning up one and a half inches in front of
the foot, and made to fit the hoof, which keeps the front of the clog firm.
These two clips pass from the front of the foot, and connect with each other
under the foot, and run to the back of the savie. The part of the front piece
that comes to the back of the horse's foot is made
of an inch round for
cart horses, and slighter for nag horses, and is tapped with a inch screw,
which passes through a 3 inch hole in the centre of the back or cross piece,
and the two are connected together by a nut at the back of the said cross
piece. The back or cross piece is made to clasp the hind part of the shoe
by a slight bevel which keeps it firm. Four steel caulkings are fixed into
the clog, two in front, and two behind, which caulkings are tapped and
screwed into the clog, so that when they are worn out, they can be unscrewed,
and replaced with new ones; or if they break off at the shoulder, they are
made with a cut at the end of the stem, so that the stem or screw part can
be screwed out with a screw driver the same as a common wood screw. A.
thick felt pad is placed between the clog and the foot to prevent anything
getting between them, the whole as shewn by the plan and section annexed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sheppard, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1863.
I, JOHN SHEPPARD, of Canterbury, in the County of Kent, Conveyancer's
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to direct-acting rotary steam engines, and apply
more particularly to locomotive engines, but may also be adapted to stationary,
marine, and other engines.
I employ an outer or fixed cylinder of a suitable diameter according to the
power required, and in the interior thereof, and concentric with it, I place
another cylinder or drum of smaller diameter, capable of revolving and keyed
upon the shaft to be driven, the central line of which shaft passes through
the axes of both cylinders which are coincident with it and with each other.
To the face of the inner (or revolving) cylinder is fixed a piston plate
projecting in a radial direction therefrom and fitting the space between the
two cylinders.
On opposite sides of the outer or fixed cylinder are two semi-cylindrical
recesses of the same width as the cylinder (one upon each side), their radius
being rather more than equal to the distance between the two cylinders, and
their axes being parallel to the central shaft. Inside these recesses are
placed semi-cylindrical or crescent-formed blocks mounted on shafts, and
capable of revolving, being connected by cranks and spur wheels to the

page_text: central shaft, so as to revolve at the same speed but in an opposite direction to
the latter.
The revolution of these crescent-formed blocks is so timed that each one
presents its hollow face at the time the piston plate is passing it, whilst the
opposite one is revolving in contact with the inner cylinder, and acting as a
steam stop, the whole being made steam-tight by suitable packing.
The valves are opened and closed so as to admit and cut off the steam at
the required intervals by two excentrics keyed upon the central shaft.
In adapting my Invention to locomotive engines for either railways or
common roads I mount the working parts of the engine, together with the
main axle and driving wheels, so that they are capable of turning a portion of
a revolution about a centre line vertical to the centre of the main axle, so as
to enable the engine to turn the shortest curves with facility.
The steam supply pipe is made with two branches, and is so mounted as to be
capable of performing a portion of a revolution around a fixed centre, and the
engine revolves either in one direction or the other, according as one or other
of the branches is uppermost, the steam port in one case becoming the escape
port in the other, and vice versa.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MEANS OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1863.
I, GEORGE WILKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED MEANS OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to provide separate means of signalling for
cach carriage which shall be completo in itself, so that the apparatus being
once provided, any further fixing or unfixing upon the coupling or uncoupling
of carriages is rendered unnecessary. I provide each carriage with the signal
to be used, which is placed upon the roof, and at the end of each carriage
communication with this is effected by means of a rod of iron or other metal,
which runs the whole length of the carriage inside, and is fixod near the roof
of the same, (or it may be fixed outside the carriage if preferred); this rod is
acted upon by levers or handles, which are fixed in each compartment of the
carriage, or in place of a metal rod fixed inside or outside of the carriage a
cord may be employed to act directly upon the signal herein-after described.
The method of communication is as follows:-When any passenger in any
compartment desires to draw the attention of the driver or other persons in
charge of the train to his carriage, he has only to turn the handle or lever to
the right or left as indicated for the said handle or lever to act upon the iron
rod, to which is attached directly or indirectly an arm or catch which is out-
side the carriage, and this acting upon a spring causes the signal instantly to

page_text: assume an upright position, when the signal is plainly discernible to the
persons in charge of the train. The signal used may be the ordinary kind
of disc or other signal now employed on signal posts, or instead thereof a bell
or gong may be used for the same purpose, or other similar contrivances may
be employed as signals. At night time I propose that the spring before
named shall act upon a fog signal or other detonating compound as well as
upon the disc signal itself; this fog signal I propose to place in a suitable
position, so that it may be struck by the arm of the signal as the latter is
driven upwards by the spring. If preferred the signal for night trains may
bo a colored illuminated lamp instead of the plain disc signal used in the
daytime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Edwin Billups at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1863.
I, JONATHAN EDWIN BILLUPS, of 12, North Street, Westminster, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows, and consist in effectually preventing the
one end of suspended rails from rising out of the chair when the load is upon
the opposite end :—
The accompanying Drawing illustrates my Invention, in which Fig. 1 is an
elevation of a chair, double-headed rail, and wooden suspending and holding-
down keys D, which keys are so formed as to effect the combined purposes of
suspending the rail free from contact with the chair, and effectually preventing
the tilting up of one end of the rail when the load is bearing on the opposite
end; Fig. 2 is an elevation of a chair, double-headed rail, and suspending
keys E, arranged for a similar object, but in this case the tilting up of the
opposite end of rail is prevented by lugs A cast on the chair; Fig. 3 is an
elevation of a chair and double-headed rail similar to Fig. 1, but the sus-
pending and holding down keys F are hollow and made of wrought iron or
other metal, and are split longitudinally, as shewn. This key can be applied
to any other arrangement of chair. The wooden key and metal hollow key
may be used in conjunction with each other. A cushion B, of wood, india-
rubber, or other similar material, may be fixed in a recess at the bottom of
chair, as shewn in Fig. 2; one of the keys in each chair may be so fixed as
to prevent its having any longitudinal motion, the other key being driven in

page_text: the ordinary manner. That part of the chair upon which the latter key acts
is made sufficiently convex (as shewn by a dotted line C) to admit of the key
being driven home and prevent its working out. Figs. 4 and 5 are elevations
of chairs made in two parts and connected together as shewn, or they can be
connected together by any of the well-known methods. The fixed key may
by this arrangement be placed alternately on the outer and inner sides of rail,
so as to ensure the rail always being held in position should the driven keys
work out; or the keys may be both fixed in recesses in the chair, thereby
preventing their coming out; but in either case it would effectually suspend
the rail and prevent the tilting up of same, as before mentioned. The chairs
may be made of rolled wrought iron, cast iron, or cast malleable iron. These
improvements may all be applied to a chair and sleeper combined, whether
made of cast or wrought iron, or in one or more parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE RIMS, BORDERS, OR TOP EDGES OF CHAMBER UTENSILS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO COMMODES AND WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Macaulay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1863.
I, HENRY MACAULAY, of Rotherham, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS OR
APPLIANCES FOR THE RIMS, BORDERS, OR TOP EDGES OF CHAMBER UTENSILS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO COMMODES AND WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to preserve the heat of the body, and to defend
against cold, thus conducing to the health and comfort of children, invalids,
and others, especially during the cold seasons of the
year.
The covers may be made either firm or pliant. When firm they may be
made of paper, papier maché, caoutchouc, gutta percha, wood, or mixtures of
them, with or without an adhesive covering of some soft material; or of thin
sheet metal, as of brass, copper, or tin, with an adhesive covering of soft
material, as of wool, cotton, silk, in any suitable process of manufacture, or of
similar imperfect conductors of heat. When pliant they may be made of
woollen, cotton, silk, linen, or mixtures of them, with or without caoutchouc or
gutta percha, and being either woven, felted, knitted, braided, or otherwise
inanufactured; and have in every case a curtain attached, or not, as desired.
They may be made to fit, when firm, either on the top of the vessel down-
wards, the inner edge of the cover descending about half an inch inside the

page_text: utensil, and about an inch or more, as required, outside of it, or they may fit
edgewise on the rim by the elasticity of the material used, or by an elastic or
other joint or spring.
For water-closets they are made firm to surround the inner edge, and spread
out more or less over the cont
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPA- RATUS FOR PREPARING CORK STUFFING FOR MATTRESSES, PILLOWS, CUSHIONS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING THE CORK STUFFING THERETO
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1863.-A communication from abroad by Anton Courlander
Crondal, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPA-
RATUS FOR PREPARING CORK STUFFING FOR MATTRESSES, PILLOWS, CUSHIONS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING THE CORK STUFFING THERETO,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of cork stuffing derived from cork
waste. This refuse material is ground up into pieces about the size of a pea,
or smaller, and impregnated with oil, after which it is dried. It is then ready
for stuffing mattresses, cushions, pillows, seats, and sofas. The granulated
cork when freed of dust is placed in a tank provided with a moveable or piston
head, which is weighted to compress the cork contained in the tank. The oil
being poured into the cork, the lid or piston is placed over it and the oil is
forced into the pores of the cork, and the surplus oil is run out at the bottom
of the tank. When thoroughly impregnated with oil the cork is removed and
placed in a cylinder provided with beaters, which, by rotating, agitate the cork
and speedily cause it to dry. The prepared material, which is now impervious
to moisture, is ready for use as stuffing; and in order to facilitate the filling of

page_text: a mattress, for example, the tick or covering should be divided up into
rectangles or squares by inserting flexible partitions therein, which will form
separate cells for the reception of the stuffing, and thus ensure its permanent
equable distribution throughout the mattress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND FLATTENING THE STALKS OF TOBACCO AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1863.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Tobacco Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND FLATTENING
THE STALKS OF TOBACCO AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in employing two or more pairs of crushing and
flattening rollers instead of one pair for crushing and flattening the stalks of
tobacco and other substances. The two rollers heretofore used have crushed
and flattened to a certain extent, but I find by experience that the employ-
ment of a larger number is much more efficient. As the increased amount of
crushing and flattening affords work for more cutting knives 1 arrange the
number of feed boxes and cutting knives according to the number of rollers,
and work the machinery either by hand or power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smalley Grimshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
May 1863.
I, JOHN SMALLEY GRIMSHAW, of Huncoat, near Accrington, in the County
5 of Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of measuring or registering the measurement of
cloth as it is woven in the loom, which I accomplish by fixing on the emery
beam a wheel or wheels, with a marker or indicator, so that as the said wheel
turns with the emery beam a certain number of revolutions the marker or
indicator will mark the cloth every yard or other length required, as it is
Or it may be measured by a marker or indicator on the temple or
various other parts of the loom, but I prefer measuring it by the emery beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICKERS USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holgate, Henry Holgate,
and Thomas Holgate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th October 1863.
We, WILLIAM HOLGATE, HENRY HOLGATE, and THOMAS HOLGATE, of
Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICKERS USED IN
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Instead of making the pickers entirely of buffalo hide, as heretofore, we make
the top part, or that which slides on the rod, of wood, metal, or other suitable
cheap material, and attach the bottom part or buffer, which we make of buffalo
hide, to the top part by a bolt and nut or other suitable means, the bottom
part of the bolt forming the foot of the picker, and the top part having a thread
to take the nut or set screw to secure the buffer to the top part of the
picker. By this buffer being separate from the top part it can be easily
detached, and when worn out at one side it can be turned or replaced with
another, thus economising the wear and tear of the pickers to a very great
extent. If found desirable we attach the metal foot to the ordinary pickers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING CARBONIC ACID GAS TO CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING BEER OR OTHER FERMENTED LIQUID
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel John Cooke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 6th July
1868. A communication from abroad by James Harrison, residing at
Geelong.
I, SAMUEL JOHN COOKE, of No. 2, St. Michael's House, Cornhill, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING CARBONIC ACID GAS TO CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS
CONTAINING BEER OR OTHER FERMENTED LIQUID," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supplying
carbonic acid gas to casks or other vessels containing beer or other fermented
liquid. For these purposes, in order that a cask or other vessel containing
beer or other fermented liquid may be supplied or filled up with carbonic acid
gas, as the beer or other fermented liquid is from time to time drawn off,
apparatus is arranged and connected with the cask or other vessel in the follow-
ing manner:-A hollow tray or trough is used in which acid is placed'; in the
centre, or other convenient position, is a raised support, the upper surface of
which is ordinarily above the level of the acid. On this support is placed a
piece of marble or other suitable carbonate, which, when acted on by the acid,
will give off carbonic acid gas. Over this support, and dipping into the acid,
is an inverted glass or other suitable vessel, having a flexible tube connected at
its upper end. The other end of the flexible tube is connected with the cask
or other vessel containing beer or other fermented liquid.
When a quantity
of the beer or other liquid is drawn off from the cask or vessel the pressure of

page_text: the atmosphere will cause the acid to rise up within the inverted vessel, and it
will come in contact with and act on the carbonate, and carbonic acid will be
evolved, which will pass through the flexible tube into the cask or vessel, and
thus fill up the space previously occupied by the beer or other fermented liquid.
When the drawing off has ceased, and the cask or vessel has been supplied
with the requisite quantity of carbonic acid gas, the further evolution of the
gas will cause the pressure to increase to such an extent within the inverted
vessel as to cause the level of the acid to be depressed below the carbonate,
and in this condition things will remain till the pressure within the inverted
vessel is reduced, which it will be on a further quantity of the beer or other
fermented liquid being drawn off. It will therefore be understood that the
apparatus, according to the Invention, is to be so arranged that acid may be
brought to act on a carbonate by drawing off a quantity of the beer or
fermented liquid, whilst at other times the acid will be kept from acting on the
carbonate by the pressure of the gas.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF FLOCK AND OTHER FURNITURE PADDING TO RENDER THE SAME OBNOXIOUS TO VERMIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tod at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1863.
I, JAMES TOD, of Little Ivy Mill, near Maidstone, in the County of Kent,
Flock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF FLOCK AND OTHER FURNITURE
PADDING TO RENDER THE SAME OBNOXIOUS TO VERMIN," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a compound that will prevent
the destructive effect of the moth upon woollen and cotton flock, but the
Invention is also applicable to other kinds of stuffing not liable in injury from
the moth, the compound being an effectual preventative in all cases to the
harbouring of vermin.
In applying the Invention to woollen and cotton flock of the common
quality, which is produced from rags, I provide an ordinary rag beater, and
above the feed apron of this machine I place a vessel for containing the liquid
preparation with which I design to treat the flock. By letting the liquid drip
on to the rags as they pass to the breaker cylinder I ensure its thorough distri-
bution among the fibres when separated by the tearing action of the breaker
cylinder. Other means may however be adopted for effecting the distribution
of the liquid through the flock or stuffing. The liquid preparation is composed

page_text: of methylated spirits of nitre, camphor, and patchouli, combined together in or
about the proportions of two pints of methylated spirits of nitre and one ounce
of patchouli to one pound of camphor. The proportions may, however, be
varied.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OIL OR OTHER LIQUID LUBRICANT TO FRICTIONAL SURFACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ferrand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1863.
I, GEORGE FERRAND, of Woolley Bridge, in the County of Derby, Tin
Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OIL OR OTHER LIQUID
LUBRICANT TO FRICTIONAL SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a certain description of the well-known apparatus
for supplying oil or other liquid lubricant termed an "oil can," and is designed
for the purpose of economizing the oil, as by the internal arrangement and
improved construction thereof the liquid cannot escape, except when the can
is held in the position required for oiling. The improvements consist in the
employment and use of a bent or angled tube inside the can, one end being
attached to and forming part of the delivery tube or "spout," the other end
being brought near to the interior surface of the "can," the distance being
just sufficient to allow the oil to pass into the aperture of the tube, such
aperture being at a point about opposite to the point of delivery, so that the
liquid only covers the aperture, and allows it to pass down the tube and to the
"spout," when the can is partly inverted, as in oiling, the delivery "spout "
being held downwards when a flow of liquid is required, from which it issues
in drops, air passing up the spout between the delivery of each drop, or air
may be conveyed by a separate tube into the "can." A receiver or channel

page_text: is arranged near the end of the point of delivery to receive and convey any
waste drops back again to the can, either down the "spout," or down the
air tube.
A NEW MEDICINAL PREPARATION FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL APPLICATION
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Sirou at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1863.
I, JEAN SIROU, of Castel Sarrazin, in the Department of Tarn-et-Garonne,
in the Empire of France, Contractor of Public Works, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MEDICINAL PREPARATION FOR INTERNAL
AND EXTERNAL APPLICATION," to be as follows:-
The preparation forming the subject of my Invention will afford almost
immediate relief in cases of headache, cramps in the stomach, colic, bruises.
burns, cuts, female complaints, diseases of children, such as worms and con-
vulsions, and other ailments. It may also be used to preserve the hair.
It is composed of the following plants, culled when at maturity and in
possession of all their aroma, both flower and leaf being used, unless one or
other be specially indicated:-1. Mentha viridis. 2. Artemisia foliis pin-
natisidis (vul. mugwort). 3. Hypericum perforatum. 4. Lavendula spicata.
5. Achillea millefolium. 6. Hypericum fuga demonum. 7. Plantago
arenaria. 8. Hissopus officionale. 9. Thymus serpillum. 10. Thymus
vulgaris. 11. Teucrium foliis cordatis undulatis. 12. Artemisia absinthium.
13. Salvia officionale. 14. Foeniculum officionale. 15. Anettrum fœniculum.
16. Apium petroselinum. 17. Borrago officionale. 18. Lilium candidum.
19. Flores sambuci. 20. Spirea almaria. 21. Flores tilia parvifloro.
22. Flores rosarum centifoliarum. 23. Flores citri medico. 24. Ros-
marinus officionale. 25. Verbena officionale. 26. Santolina. 27. Angelica
28. Lythrum salicaria. 29. Arthemis pyrethrum.

page_text: I place the flowers and leaves above enumerated in a glass vase or bottle,
mixing them in about equal proportions. I then press them gently down with
the hand, and pour upon them as much wine brandy as will cover them, leaving
the whole to macerate and steep at an ordinary temperature during thirty
days, when I filter, and the liquid is ready for use. It may be applied with
a linen rag or a sponge to the skin or rubbed in, or it may be taken internally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nasmith and Samuel Thornton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th April 1863.
We, JOHN NASMITH, of the City of Manchester, Foreman, and SAMUEL
THORNTON, of the same Place, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to strip the fleece of fibres from the doffer
of the carding engine, and the nature of our Invention consists in certain
improved modes of working the stripping comb, so that the teeth of the comb
shall clear the doffer at the up stroke.
In performing our Invention we make use of a comb of the ordinary con-
struction fixed to arms projecting from a tube or partial tube, to which two or
more straps or bands are attached, part of which are provided with adjusting
screws and nuts, and the others with springs; these straps or bands form the
fulcrum and limit the range of the comb, which is worked by eccentrics or
cams on a cross shaft.
Our Invention may be modified by connecting the comb to levers or links
having fulcrums, either within or beyond the eccentric or cam shaft, which
works the comb; or the comb is connected to arms projecting from a tube or
partial tube having projections supported in a ring placed eccentric to the
crank shaft. The above details may be modified.
AN IMPROVED GRATE WHEREBY THE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF THE VARIOUS COMPOUNDS OF COAL IS PRODUCED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1863.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, Civil Engineer, of 13, Chenies St., London,
W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
GRATE WHEREBY THE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF THE VARIOUS COMPOUNDS OF COAL IS
PRODUCED," to be as follows:-
The principle consists of a revolving grate with a single or double central
partition through which air is supplied to the fire and gases. One half of the
grate is covered in by a fixed plate. Whenever fresh coals are added to the
front fire the grate is made to revolve on its pivot so as to bring the fresh
coals under the fixed plate, where they are distilled, and the carburetted
hydrogen gas (smoke) disengaged, which ignites in passing over the front fire.
In appearance they are like ordinary open fire-grates, but they form also a
calorifere by the air of the room being uniformly warmed by passing round
the grate through open ironwork fixed in the chimney-piece.
AN IM- PROVED METHOD OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN CHIMNEYS AND FLUES, REGULATING AND PROMOTING DRAUGHT THEREIN, CALCULATED ALSO TO ACT AS A VENTILATOR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Fellows at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October 1863.
I, NOAH FELLOWS, of 123, Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED METHOD OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN CHIMNEYS AND FLUES, REGULATING
AND PROMOTING DRAUGHT THEREIN, CALCULATED ALSO TO ACT AS A VENTILATOR," to
be as follows:-
The present Invention consists of a spiral diaphragm of metal by the cutting
of a sheet of copper or other suitable material in such a manner that when
lifted by the centre an opening is formed for the passage of air or smoke, such
opening to be regulated by a spring in a suitable box or case, from which is
attached a chain or wire to the bottom or fire-grate, whereby a communication
may be had. This spiral diaphram I intend to fix at the bottom of any
chimney, cowl, or cap of the ordinary description, or in the brickwork of any
chimney or flue, which will act alternately as a damper in case of fire, or a
stimulus to draught, and a ventilator. I also fix a similar spiral diaphragm near
the top of any ordinary cowl with a revolving head, to which the said spiral
diaphragm shall be so connected that it shall revolve also, thereby creating a
strong upward current, which current can be regulated by the lower spiral
diaphragm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESTORING THE CRYSTALS OF LUMP OR REFINED SUGAR WHICH HAS BEEN DIVIDED BY SAWS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Shepherd and William
Thomas Shepherd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd October 1863.
We, GEORGE SHEPHERD and WILLIAM THOMAS SHEPHERD, of Great Grimsby,
in the County of Lincoln, trading under the Firm of Shepherd and Son, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESTORING
THE CRYSTALS OF LUMP OR REFINED SUGAR WHICH HAS BEEN DIVIDED BY SAWS, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in restoring the crystals of
lump or refined sugar which has been divided by saws, and in apparatus
employed for this
purpose.
It is well known that the surfaces of lump or refined sugar divided by saws
are unsightly, and it is the object of the present Invention, by the process and
apparatus herein described, to restore the bright and crystalline character to
the surfaces of sugar so cut. Two rollers are mounted in a suitable frame and
are caused to rotate with an equal surface speed, and are at such a distance
apart that when a slice or piece of sugar which has been sawn from a lump is
passed between them the slice will be subjected to pressure. Each of the
rollers is coated with thick woollen or other suitable fabric or material which
is constantly moistened, and by preference with cold spring water.. To each
roller is applied a pressing roller or instrument by which any excess of water
supplied to the elastic and porous coating may be removed.. In passing

page_text: between the rollers each slice or piece of refined sugar will be acted on by
elastic pressure and moisture, after which the sugar is to be dried, and the
effect will be that a crystalline in place of a crushed and dull character will be
obtained or restored to the cut surfaces of the sugar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COATING WOOD AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1863.
I, WILLIAM WHITE, of Great Marylebone Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Architectural Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR COATING WOOD AND
OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means or apparatus to facilitate the coating of
wood and other surfaces with fluid or semi-fluid composition or matter. The
surface to be coated, whether plain or otherwise, is passed through a trough
or gutter, and in its passage the matter to be applied to such surface is
allowed to flow thereon from a suitable reservoir. Brushes or other yielding
or elastic material act on the surface, being coated to render uniform the
coating applied. The thickness of such coating may be regulated by the
degree of pressure applied to the brushes, or yielding or elastic material
employed to effect uniformity of the coating. The surface of the coating thus
applied may then be worked by templates or otherwise, as is well understood
to complete the form of the coated surface.
I sometimes apply springs to press against parts of the trough or gutter,
or of the article being coated, for the purpose of holding such article in position,
or of scraping away superfluous material. Or in place of elastic pressure,
screw, or other adjustable pressure may be applied.
The improvements relate also to the application of a spring or springs to

page_text: templates or reverses of plain mouldings for the purpose of holding or guiding
such templates in their required positions on the mouldings, and also for
the purpose of removing superfluous material or preparation applied as a
coating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING SULPHUR FROM ALKALI WASTE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1863.
I, BENJAMIN JONES, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING SULPHUR FROM ALKALI WASTE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is for the recovery of sulphur from the waste which is pro-
duced in the manufacture of soda, and which is known by the name of alkali
or blue waste. I take a vessel of any suitable shape or dimensions, and put
into it any quantity of this alkali or blue waste; I then run hot water on the
waste, and in a few hours I draw off the liquor. I precipitate the sulphur
with hydrochloric acid, & then filter and evaporate to dryness; this precipitate
I then put into the kind of furnace commonly used for producing sulphur
from sulphur stone, and I drive off the sulphur in vapour. I pass the sulphuric
vapour into a tower, and condense it with water; the sulphur I then collect
at the bottom of the tower.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL METAL CYLINDERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spurrier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1863.
I, THOMAS SPURRIER, of Moseley, in the County of of Worcester, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL METAL CYLINDERS," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
In making cylinders of the description employed for making up into fancy
boxes, cases for flasks, and many other like uses, I first form the cylinder by
striking it out of a disc of metal, and afterwards placing the cup thus formed upon
a mandril, I force or drive it through draw plates until sufficiently reduced,
and as it is invariably found in this process that the bottom of a cylinder thus
produced always remains the thickness of the disc employed, I obviate this
by striking the bottom up in a conical form instead of flat, and thus gradually
reduce the thickness of the bottom; I then drive the cylinder through a draw
plate with a stop at the back, which flattens the bottom again to the size I
require it, after which I complete the cylinder by driving it through more
draw plates until it is as much reduced as may be necessary for my purpose;
I then place it upon a steel mandril and remove it to a punching press, by
which I perforate any desired pattern upon it; after which I take it to a
lathe and spin the bead for the cup; or by another process I cast the cup or
blank, afterwards forcing it down into the required size by means of the
draw plates, annealing it as may be necessary, and perforating it as already
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SHUTTERS AND WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Griffith Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1863.
I, GRIFFITH THOMAS, of No. 50, Chichester Villas, Kilburn Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SHUTTERS AND WINDOW BLINDS, to
be as follows:-
The shutters or blinds are hung by a balance weight on one side of the
window, having the cords from both sides of the window attached to it; and
I have another line attached to the weight for the purpose of lowering the
shutters or blinds. The louvres or laths of wood or metal are attached to a
chain constructed with a joint between each alternate louvre to prevent the
link opening outwards.
The accompanying Drawings represent my Invention, but the precise
details may necessarily be varied without departing from the nature thereof.
Figure 1 shews a link of the chain with a clip stop to prevent the opening
of the link outwards; Figure 2 shews the end of the louvre; and Figure 2b
a piece of metal with wiro attached for insertion into the split at the end of
the lath, and forming a rivet for the connecting link of the chain to hold the
lath and chain together.
One part of Figure 3 shews elevation of window shutter or blind closed, C,
and the other shews elevation of window O with the louvres L packed at the
lowest part of window frame. Figure 4 is a section of the chain; Figure 5

page_text: As the
is an end view, shewing chain and louvres in various positions.
shutter or blinds are lowered they rest or become packed in a small space, as
shewn in Figure 3, L. The shutters may be arranged to work from the upper
or lower part of the window frame. The shutters or blinds when drawn from
above or below are fixed by a spring, catch, or other convenient means.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON FOR MAKING NAILS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Groucutt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 7th February
1863.
I, DAVID GROUCUTT, of Coseley, in the County of Stafford, Ironmaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON FOR MAKING NAILS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in so manufacturing strip iron for the manufacture of
nails as to avoid the waste caused by trimming, and to make the iron fibrous
in the direction required for making nails. This I effect in the following
manner :-
1 take a pile or faggott of good iron and pass it through bolting or breaking
down rolls, and immediately as it issues from these rolls I pass it without
reheating through heavy suitably grooved rolls driven at a high velocity, by
which it is drawn out to considerable length perfectly parallel, very tough,
and of much greater width than has hitherto been produced. In this state it
is ready to be cut up into nails, and the fibre will be in the suitable direction
for such purpose.