Improvements in Heat Radiating and Air Warming and Ventilating Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heat Radiating and Air Warming and
Ventilating Apparatus.
I JOSHUA GEORGE WAGSTAFF of The Alma Iron Works, Dukinfiell, in
the County of Chester, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention relates more particularly to the class of heating apparatus
now well known as radiators.
The invention refers in the first place to improved means for effecting a fluid
tight joint between the several pipes or hollow sections of the radiator and the
hollow base and top of the same, or directly between the said hollow sections or
pipes or with bends or parts connecting the same. In the second place the inven-
tion refers to improved arrangements or constructions of such radiators whereby
they are caused to constitute air heating and ventilating appliances.
First as regards the improved fluid tight joint. At present the making of these
joints is the cause of considerable trouble and expense. In many cases screwed
connections or unions are used or packed or other joints are made, held together
by bolts or screws.
According to my invention the joint is composed of a spigot and faucet or
socket connection, made to such a taper as to jamb when forced together and form
a fluid tight joint by the mere contact of the machined surfaces. In constructing
such a radiator I form each end of the hollow sections with turned and tapered
spigot ends and in the base and top of the radiator I form corresponding sockets.
The taper is such that when the spigot ends are forced into the sockets by
hydraulic or other powerful pressure they become immovably fixed or jambed
therein and by metallic contact a fluid tight joint is formed in each case so that
the water or steam or other heating fluid cannot escape. To facilitate the putting
together of the spigots and sockets I may coat the surfaces with oil or other emollient
before putting together. When thus forced together, if the proper taper is used,
the parts cannot be separated by ordinary working conditions, but if thought
desirable for further security, I might use internal or external bolts. Although
inseparable under ordinary working conditions the parts may easily be forced
When a hollow top
asunder for the purposes of repair, cleansing or removal.
and base are not used, the respective hollow sections or pipes may be connected
directly together at each end by my improved spigot and socket joint.
To use the radiator as an air heating and ventilating appliance I form the
respective sections or pairs of sections with projecting strips which abut upon the
next section, and I close up the ends of the cluster by inserted plates so that
the whole of the central space between the ranks of sections is enclosed. The
base is cut away so as to let this enclosed space communicate with an air inlet or
with an air reservoir beneath the base. The top of the radiator is furnished with
a grating. The fresh air is admitted at the foot and allowed to flow through the
internal space of the radiator and thence through the grating to the apartment or
interior to be heated and ventilated. The latter improvement relating to air
heating and ventilating may be used in combination with radiators put together

page_text: with my improved fluid tight joint, or in radiators put together in the ordinary
manner.
Dated the 4th day of October 1895.
theppnicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
ohn Dalton Street, Manchester, Chartered Patent Agents.
Improvements in Heat Radiating and Air Warming and
Ventilating Apparatus.
I JOSHUA GEORGE WAGSTAFF of The Alma Iron Works, Dukinfield, in the
County of Chester, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying drawings :-
My said invention relates more particularly to the class of heating apparatus
ow well known as radiators.
The invention refers in the first place to improved means for effecting a fluid
ght joint between the several pipes or hollow sections of the radiator and the
ollow base and top of the same, or directly between the said hollow sections or
pipes or with bends or parts connecting the same. In the second place the inven-
tion refers to improved arrangements or constructions of such radiators whereby
they are caused to constitute air heating and ventilating appliances.
The improvements constituting my invention will be more easily understood by
a reference to the annexed three sheets of drawings.
On Sheet 1.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my improved radiator a portion of the same being
shown in section, in order to indicate more clearly the improved form of fluid
tight joints between the pipes and the hollow top and bottom of the radiator.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the radiator.
On Sheet 2.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the radiator at the line A. B. Fig. 1, showing
the applic plates at the end of the radiator which transform it into an air heating
and ventilating apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the bearer which supports the hollow base of the
radiator and through which the air supply comes.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the hollow base.
Fig. 6 is a plan of the hollow top with centre grating to let the heated air pass.
On Sheet 3.
Fig. 7 is a side view of one of the double pipes of a radiator in which the said
pipes instead of being connected at the top and bottom to a hollow top and base,
are simply connected to each other at the foot by a nipple joint.
Fig. 8 is a cross section of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a view of the inlet pipe at one end of the radiator.
Fig. 10 shows the improved form of nipple joint between the intervening pipes.
Fig. 11 shows the other outlet end pipe of the series.
Referring in the first place to Sheets 1 and 2, in making radiators of this nature
the hollow sections are under ordinary practice jointed to the hollow base b
and hollow tope by means which at present are the cause of considerable expense
and trouble. These means consist sometimes of screwed unions or connections and
sometimes of carefully packed joints held together by bolts or screws. The first
object of my invention is to simplify and cheapen these joints or connection".

page_text: I bore the
This I do by making the joints of the form shown clearly in Fig. 1.
holes in the hollow bottom and top be tapered, and turn or machine the nipple
ends or spigots al a² of the hollow sections to a taper corresponding to that of
the holes or sockets in the bottom and top. I make the said taper so gradual
that when the spigots a¹ a³ are placed in the holes in the hollow base and top b
and c, and hydraulic or other powerful pressure applied to force the base and top
towards each other, the spigot or tapered nipple ends a¹ a² of the sections a
become immovably fixed and jambed in the similarly tapered holes in the top and
base and by metallic contact of the two taper faces a fluid tight joint is formed
in each case, so that the water or steam or other heating fluid cannot escape.
To facilitate the putting together of the spigots and sockets, I may coat the
surfaces with oil or other emollient before putting together. When thus forced
together the hollow sections a and the hollow base and top b, c cannot be separated
by ordinary working conditions. It will be at once apparent how cheap and easy
it is to make this form of joint as compared with the usual forms of radiator
connecting joints.
To constitute the radiator a ventilating appliance, I form the respective pairs of
hollow sections a (see Fig. 3) with projecting strips a³ which abut upon the back
of the next pair and so on throughout the series from end to end of the radiator
thus closing in both sides. I also close up the ends of the radiator by plates d
which slide downward in the grooves in the sides of the two end sections. Thus the
whole central space between the two ranks of hollow sections at the ends is boxed
in all round. The hollow base b is formed in the centre with a gap or aperture b¹
as appears plainly in Fig. 5 so as to allow air to pass through this central aperture.
Beneath the base is a stand or support e upon which the base is placed, being
secured thereto by bolts m which pass through the sides of the stand e and also
through lugs & projecting from the bottom of the base near each end, as may be
seen by referring to Fig. 1. Thus the base b is firmly supported and held. At the
back of the stand e is an air conduit fitted with a damper g carried by a spindle g¹.
which projects upward to the level of the top c, the squared head of the spindle
fitting a box key which can be applied to turn the damper spindle and so control
the admission of air. An index finger 92 on the top of the spindle gl works above
an index plate and shows the position of the damper. The front of the open
stand e and the space beneath the base is closed in by a removable fender i.
The application of this boxing-in fender forms an air chamber beneath the base.
The air enters this chamber through the conduit and thence after being heated to
some extent by the base bottom, passes up through the aperture in the base.
into the enclosed space between the two ranks of radiator sections a.
In passing
through this space the air is thoroughly heated and dried and is discharged through
a grating which covers an aperture in the hollow top c. The heating of the
air in the confined space and its discharge through the grating k causes a
current which promotes ventilation, the heated current of air being discharged either
into the room containing the radiator or through a conduit into another room.
removable fender i may be drawn away when it is desired to cleanse the space beneath
the base b, and if desired a grid might be placed in the front of the fender to admit
air to the air chamber from the room instead of through the conduit f. Instead
of having the hollow sections a connected to a hollow top and base as described,
it is sometimes the custom to connect the various hollow sections to each other
direct without any top and base. Such a mode of direct connection is shown in
Sheet 3 of the drawings. The first section a (see Fig. 9) is connected on one side
by a screw union at 7 with the heating fluid supply and on the other side is formed
at a and a with tapered nipples which enter and fit corresponding tapered
sockets in the next section. The other side of the same section carries tapered
nipples which fit sockets in the next section and so on to the last section (shown
in Fig. 11) which has a screw union outlet as at l. Fig. 7 is a side view of the
The
first section shown in Fig. 9, and Fig. 8 is a sectional plan of the same.
various hollow sections a composing the radiator are simultaneously forced together
The

page_text: by hydraulic or other powerful pressure and are jambed into such intimate contact
that a fluid tight joint is obtained between each section of the series composing the
radiator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1) In a radiator, uniting the respective hollow sections such as a, with the
hollow top and base by means of tapering spigot and socket connections forced
together so as to form fluid tight joints substantially as described and shown.
2) In a radiator, uniting the respective hollow sections such as a with each
other by means of tapering spigot or nipple and socket connections forced together
so as to form fluid tight joints, substantially as described and as illustrated on
Sheet 3 of the drawings.
3) In a double rank radiator formed of double hollow sections forming each
hollow section or pair of sections with ribs to abut upon the succeeding section sɔ
as to close in the sides, and applying plates to close the ends, so as to box in the
interior of the radiator and forming an aperture through the base and through the
top the aperture through the base being connected with an air conduit and air
chamber and the aperture through the top being covered with a grid, the whole
arranged so as to constitute the radiator and air heater and ventilator, substantially
as described and shown in the drawings.
4) The combined radiator and air heater and ventilator consisting of the stand e
with air conduit and damper, the removable fender i, the hollow base 6 with gap to
allow of the passage of air, the hollow sections a closed up and boxed in as described
and connected by tapered spigots and sockets to the hollow base and top, the
hollow top e with gap and grid to allow of the exit of the heated air, all combined
arranged and operating for the purposes and substantially as described and
illustrated.
5) In a radiator of the indicated nature, the air chamber beneath the base and
composed of the base stand e with air inlet and the removable fender ¿ fitting
close round three sides of the base substantially as described and shown.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5 John Dalton Street, Manchester, Chartered Patent Agents.