IMPROVE- MENTS IN SINGLE ACTING HIGH SPEED STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES PARTS OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES st PRO SP
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Bedford Elwell and Thomas Parker both of
Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SINGLE ACTING HIGH SPEED STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
ENGINES PARTS OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MOTIVE
POWER ENGINES
st
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Bedford Elwell and
Thomas Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
14th February 1883.
16
PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL, and THOMAS PARKER, both of Wolverhampton in the
County of Stafford, IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGLE ACTING HIGH SPEED STEAM AND
OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES PARTS OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES. "
Our improvements relate, chiefly, to single-acting high speed steam engines, but
are in part applicable also to steam engines generally as also to other motive power
engines.
We construct a single-acting high speed steam (or other motive-power) engine
with an inverted cylinder carried upon a rectangular box in which the crank and
lower part of the connecting rod and also the valve gearing are enclosed, thus
leaving no working parts visible except the ends of the crank shaft. The upper
part of the connecting rod is connected direct to the piston in the manner common
in this class of engines, and the crank shaft passes out through a bush within a
boss on one or both sides of the box. A slot is cut out for half the circumference
of each bush on the upper side thereof, and at right angles to the axis of the shaft,
and a corresponding slot is formed in the part of the boss over such bush and
immediately over the first-mentioned slot. Packing is placed within each slot,
and a gland is screwed down thereupon thus making a steam tight joint on the top
of the shaft and preventing leakage from the box, for a purpose which will be
presently understood. The steam acts only upon the upper side of the piston, the
lower end of the cylinder being open to the box. The valve is of the piston type
Price 1021

page_text: and is formed of three solid rings upon a central axis. The middle ring is
connected by a diaphragm to the axis, and the outside rings are connected to the
axis simply by arms or feathers thus leaving a clear passage through them. The
valve works vertically in the steam chest and the valve spindle passes downwards
for connection to the excentric rod. A single port passes from the steam chest
into the top end of the cylinder. The steam enters the steam chest over the top
of the valve which is thus pressed down continually against the excentric rod end.
The exhaust passes out below the valve and into the box, aforesaid, from whence
it discharges through exhaust piping. When the valve is in its mid position the
middle ring covers the port to the cylinder. As the valve is lowered to uncover
the port the steam flows through the top ring and into the cylinder, and as the
valve is raised again it first closes the port and then opens it to the exhaust the
steam flowing out of the cylinder and through the bottom ring. The two outside
rings of the valve form guides and give considerable additional wearing surface
over that afforded simply by the middle ring. According to this construction of
engine no packing-box is required either for the steam chest or cylinder.
A valve, having the additional wearing surfaces as described, may be employed
at each end of the steam chest of a double-acting motive-power engine; or-a
modification may be employed for the purpose of a double acting engine consisting
of a single valve only but having two rings corresponding to the middle ring,
aforesaid, with two outer rings as before.
We also construct a single-acting high speed engine (actuated by an expansive
motive-power) without an ordinary steam chest and valve, by making the piston to
act in lieu of such valve. We effect this in the following-mannor We continue
the back end of the piston for a distance somewhat exceeding the length of the
stroke. This continued part of the piston is hollow and also open at the back end.
The cylinder lid may be brought down inside the cylinder to fill up as much of the
space thus left as is desirable. An annular steam port enters around the
cylinder just at the back of the piston proper, and a corresponding port passes
through the side of the continued part of the piston and into the hollow part
thereof. The steam flowing through this port fills the hollow at the back of the
piston and by its expansion forces the piston to the bottom of its stroke, at or
about which point the port through the back part of the piston comes opposite an
annular exhaust port around the cylinder and the steam is thus discharged. The
monnentum of the engine forces the piston up, against a cushion of unexhausted
steam, to the top of its stroke, when steam is again admitted through the steam
port. According to this arrangement the piston closes the ports except for the
time necessary for the steam to enter and exhaust at the respective ends of the
stroke.
For the purpose of regulating the speed of the high speed and other motive-
power engines hereinbefor described we construct a governor having arms which
fly out by centrifugal force and are drawn in by means of a spring, and which
when extended seize the interior of a ring carrying such ring round with them
and by suitable mechanism therefrom close the supply valve, and when drawn in
seize the exterior of a corresponding ring with the effect of opening the supply
valve. One of the rings may be connected to the supply valve through the
medium of a right-hand screw and the other through the medium of a left-hand
screw, or any suitable mechanism for the purpose may be employed. Such a
governor is very sensitive as only the smallest movement of the arms may be
allowed between their contact with the rings, and the action of the valve is
instantaneous, and continuous with such contact.
Another arrangement of governor which we propose to employ for the high
speed and other motive-power engines, herein before described consists, (1) of an
arrangement of clock pendulum and escapement, or of an escapement wheel action,
(2) an endless band connecting a pulley upon the engine shaft or a pulley other-
wise driven directly by the prime mover, with a pulley connected with the
escapement, aforesaid, (3) a weight connected to a running pulley acting in a loop

page_text: of the endless band and tending to keep the same taut, (4) a connection between
the Faid running pulley and the regulating valve, and (5) a band tightener. The
endless band passes from the pulling side of the engine pulley around the running
pulley, thence back again around the escapement pulley, thence forward around
the band tightener, and thence back around the engine pulley to its starting point.
A cord or other connection passes from the block or carrier of the running pulley
around a pulley on the valve spindle, and the weight hangs from a cord or other
connection passing in the same direction as the cord from, the running pulley
around a pulley on the valve spindle and thus exerts a direct pull upon the
running pulley. Each of these last mentioned cords are connected to their
respective pullies or they may form together one cord around a single pulley.
When the engine is at rest the weight, is down to its lowest point and the valve
wide open. As the engine is started the governor is thereby set in motion, and
the speed of the engine can increase until the endless band begins to travel faster
than the governor pulley, at which point the running pulley will be drawn towards
the engine; the weight consequently raised, and the valve olosed more or less.
When the speed of the endless band is less than the speed of the governor pulley
the weight acts to pull back the running pulley and at the same time also opens
the valve wider. It will thus be seen that the weight acts as the compensating
medium between the governor and the engine. The band tightener is employed
simply to maintain a regular degree of tension on the slack side of the endless
band. For the governor proper it is preferred to use an adaptation of Denison's
gravity escapement, but any suitable pendulum or balance-wheel action may be
employed. The regulating valve may, if desired, be so constructed that in case the
endless band breaks the weight in descending will turn the valve sufficiently to
completely close it.
A governor constructed as last described has a regular speed not sensibly affected
by any variation in the speed of the engine or other motor, and any variation of
speed between the prime mover and the governor has the effect of immediately
acting upon the regulating valve; whereas with the ordinary construction of
governor the action of the governor follows upon the variation in the speed of the
prime mover, and is not simultaneous therewith. Our improved Governors are
also applicable to other motive power engines

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Paul Bedford Elwell and Thomas Parker in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th August 1883.
PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL and THOMAS PARKER, both of Wolverhampton in the
County of Stafford, "IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGLE-ACTING HIGH SPEED STEAM AND
OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, PARTS OF THE INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES.'
"
A single-acting high speed steam engine, constructed according to one modifi-
cation of this invention, is illustrated by figures 1 to 4 inclusive on the
accompanying drawings, of which figure 1 is a vertical section through the centre
of the engine. Figure 1 is however not a perfectly true section on the centre line
as the crank and some minor parts are shewn, for convenience, in elevation.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan taken on line xx of figure 1, the lower end of the
connecting rod being omitted so as to clearly shew the crank. The remaining
views will be explained during the description of the engine. The same letters
of reference occurring upon two or more of these views indicate corresponding
parts. A is an inverted cylinder mounted upon a rectangular box B B in which
the crank and lower part of the connecting rod and also the valve gearing are
enclosed, thus leaving no working parts visible except the projecting ends of the
crank shaft and also the governors, when such are employed. CC is the crank
shaft, CC the crank arms and C³ the crank pin. The crank arms are balanced
by being carried out as shewn at C³ either as solid pieces with such arms or as
parts bolted thereto.
D is the piston and E the connecting rod, the long top
bearing E¹ of which is connected direct to the piston D by means of the pin F.
The steam acts only on the upper side of the piston, the lower end of the cylinder
being open to the box B B as shewn. The lower end of the rod E is provided
with a long bearing E' to bear upon the upper half of the crank pin and with a
narrow strap G which passes under the lower half of the crank pin and is held to
the bearing E by means of bolts passing through snugs thereon as shewn.
cylindrical steam chest upon the side of the cylinder A. The lower end of this
chest is open to the interior of the box B B, as shewn, and the lower rim of the
cbest, in common with the lower flange of the cylinder, beds upon, and makes a
steam-tight joint with, the box B B. I is a piston valve for supplying steam to
the upper side of the piston D and exhausting it therefrom, K. is the valve spindle,
L an eccentric for working the valve I, and M a short link acting as an eccentric-
rod to the spindle K. The part of the link M which encircles the eccentric Lis
partially cut away on the lower side, as shewn, as the pressure being always upon
the top of the valve very little bearing is required under the eccentric. The valve
spindle K passes through a guide N which is itself connected by means of wings
to a cylindrical part O which is forced tightly up into the chest, as shewn, to fix
it. P P is an annular port around the steam chest and passing also into the
cylinder A. This port is shewn by a strong dotted line figure 2. The valve I is
formed of three solid rings Q, R and S upon a central part T. The middle ring R
is connected by a solid diaphragm a to the part T, and the outer rings and S
are connected to the part T simply by arms or wings (see figure 2) thus leaving a
clear passage through them. bb and b' b¹, being the spaces between the rings,
form annular ports through the wall of the valve. The steam enters the chest
through the opening cat the top and thus presses the valve and spindle down
H is a

page_text: continually against the eccentric rod-end.
When the valve is in its downwar.l
position the port b b is brought opposite to the port P P and steam consequently
flows through the port b b and the port P.P into the cylinder and forces down the
piston D. As the valve is raised into its upward position the port b' bl is brought
opposite to the port P P and steam consequently exhausts from above the piston D
through the port b₁ b' and thence downwards through the open end of the chest
into the box B B from whence it passes away through a branch Q. The port b' b',
being the exhaust port, is somewhat wider than the port b b, and the face of the
ring R is of course sufficiently wide to properly cover, and give any required lap
over, the port P P. The rings and S form guides and give considerable
additional wearing surface over that afforded simply by the middle ring. The
diameter of the valve chest is increased below the valve in order to give a free
exhaust and specially to receive the guard for the valve spindle. U U are turned
lids forming steam-tight joints with the box B B. V V are bosses on these
lids, and Y Y gun-metal bushes within the bosses to act as bearings to the
crank shaft C Č. A collar is formed on the inner end of each bush, as
shewn, and is preferably made larger in diameter than shewn on the drawing
to give increased wearing surface on its face. W W are packing glands screwed
down into packing placed within corresponding slots formed through the bosses V V
and bushes YY. This arrangement is shewn in transverse section by figure 3,
from which it will be seen that the packing in the space W2 will be around half
the circumference of the shaft bearing. This method of packing the half of each
bearing makes the passage of the shaft through the bushes substantially steam-
tight against the very low pressure within the box B B. Figure 4 is an inside
view of one of the lids U-Referring now to this and other of the figures, d d are
cavities within the lids, into which lubricant and condensed water is splashed by
the motion of the rotary parts from the lower part of the box B B which acts as a
reservoir therefor. The cavities d d are sunk considerably from their entrance, as
shewn, so that some of the lubricant splashed in is prevented from flowing back
through the opening into which it was splashed. This lubricant, together with the
condensed water therewith, flows down through holes e and thence back along
grooves ff into the box B B thoroughly lubricating the shaft bearings during its
passage through the grooves. These grooves run across the inner faces of the
bushes Y Y as shewn. Very small passages e e and grooves f f would suffice
simply for the passage of the lubricant, but as this floats on the top of the water
considerable passages and grooves are formed, as shewn, so that the water may
rapidly drain off first and thus allow the lubricant to follow. ef are simply
nipples to plug up the openings formed in drilling the holes e e. These nipples
may be unscrewed if it is desired to lubricate the bearings from the outside. B
(shewn by dotted lines figures 1 and 2) is a doorway for access to the box B B.
A steam-tight door or lid, omitted in the illustration, is screwed to the outer face
of the doorway.
According to the construction of engine above-described no packing box is
required either for the steam chest or cylinder.
A valve having the additional wearing surfaces, as described and shewn, may be
employed at each end of the valve chest of a double-acting motive-power engine;
or a modification may be employed for the purpose of a double-acting engine,
consisting of a single valve only but having two rings corresponding to the middle
ring, aforesaid, with two outer rings as before. These references will be more
clearly understood if it is borne in mind that the outer rings act simply as guides
and to give additional wearing surface to the valves, and take no part in controlling
the admission or exhaust of the steam or other motor to or from the cylinder. A
valve therefor with a single inner ring corresponds to an ordinary piston valve,
and a valve with two inner rings corresponds to an ordinary three-port-slide piston
valve. Piston valves having outer rings as described are of course applicable to
motive power engines generally whether high speed or not.

page_text: 2 is a small port through the side of the cylinder A into the steam chest H and
allows any water of condensation to be blown out of the cylinder when the piston D
is at the bottom of its stroke.
A single-acting high speed steam engine constructed according to another
modification of this invention is illustrated in its distinctive features by figures 5
and 6 of the accompanying drawings. In this modification the ordinary steam
chest and valve are dispensed with, the engine piston itself being made to act in
lieu of such valve. The same letters of reference occurring upon both the views 5
and 6 indicate corresponding parts. Figure 5 is a vertical section through the
engine cylinder and piston shewing also the upper part of the box B B which
corresponds to the box similarly lettered figure 1. The remaining parts of the
engine are similar in every respect (except that the valve gearing is dispensed with)
to the engine previously described. A is the cylinder, B B the box upon which it
is mounted, CC an annular steam passage around the cylinder, D the steam branch
or inlet to the steam passage C C, E E an annular exhaust passage around the
cylinder, F a passage from such exhaust passage into the box B B, and G G the
_ piston. The piston is formed as a bollow open-ended cylinder having a diaphragm H
therein. The upper end of the connecting rod-is-connected to a block I fixed to
the diaphragm H, but the rod is omitted for simplicity of illustration. An annular
_ port a a is formed through the wall of the piston in position above the diaphragm H
and so that when the piston is at the top of its stroke, as shewn by figure 5, the
porta a coincides with a narrow annular port b b from the passage C C into the
-cylinder. In this position of the piston therefor steam passes from the passage CC
into the upper part G of the piston which immediately begins to descend and
rapidly cuts off the communication with the steam supply. The piston is then
driven downwards by the expansion of the steam on the upper side of the piston.
As the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke the port a a is open to an annular
port c c communicating between the cylinder A and exhaust passage E E. In this
position of the piston therefor the steam from the upper side thereof is exhausted
through the port cc, passage E E and passage F, into the box B B. The port c c
is shewn to be somewhat wider than the port a a in order that the port c c may be
open thereto sufficiently long and freely to secure a good exhaust. The momentum
of the engine forces the piston up again against a cushion of unexhausted steam to
the top of its stroke, when steam is again admitted as before described. It will
be seen that according to this arrangement the piston itself closes the ports and
keeps them closed, except for the time necessary for the steam to enter and exhaust
at the respective ends of the stroke. Figure 6 is a view looking on the top G of
the piston. d d d are wings joining the walls to the central boss K and to the
diaphragm H. Wings are not necessary on the underside of the piston, as no port
is formed through the wall of the piston below the diaphragm. The cylinder lid
may be brought down inside the piston, as may be found desirable, to reduce the
cubic capacity of the space into which steam is first admitted.
The passage E E and port cc therefrom may be dispensed with, if desired, by
constructing and arranging the piston and the passage C C and ports a a and b b
so that the port a a passes down into the box B B when the piston is at the bottom
of its stroke. In this case the diaphragm H may be coned or hollowed upwards so
as to keep the centre of the connecting rod pin well up within the piston, and the
port a a should be stopped at frequent intervals around the circumference to give a
continuous bearing throughout the length of the piston.
It will be evident that the two modifications of engine herein-before described
and illustrated with reference specially to the employment of steam as the motive
power, are applicable also in the case of the employment of other elastic motor.
Both the engines have been illustrated as of the vertical type but it will be evident
that the same may be arranged also to work horizontally or in an inclined position,
as desired.
For the purpose of regulating the speed of the high speed steam (and other

page_text: motive-power) engines hereiu-before described, we construct a governor which is
illustrated according to one modification, shewing an application of its essential
principles, by figures 1 and 7 of the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shews the
governors and regulating valve as they appear in the transverse section of the
engine illustrated by the same view, and figure 7 shews a plan thereof and of the
cylinder lid shewn in section by figure 1. kis a bracket cast ont from the cylinder
lid to carry the governore. is a grooved pulley which receives motion by means
of a cord from the grooved pulley on the engine shaft. The pulley is formed in
one piece or rigidly fixed to a hollow spindle m which passes through the bearing n
on the bracket k. A collar o on the inner end of the spindle m and the boss of the
pulley on the outer end prevent any endway movement of the spindle m. A double
jaw p p is formed out from the face of the pulley and carries the fulcrum pins q q
of the governor arms r r. The governor arms are shaped as shewn to give the
necessary weight (in lieu of balls) towards their outer ends. The inner ends of the
arms are turned inwards, as shewn at 8 8, so that their inner extremities shall be
within a slot t through a spindle u which passes through the hollow spindle m.
The outer end of this spindle u enters within a tube v formed solid with or rigidly
fixed to the double jawed part pp: A spiral spring is inserted within the tube v
and is pressed up against the end of the spindle u by means of the screwed nipple w
which closes in the end of the tube. The nipple w is screwed in to compress the
spiral spring in a more or less degree so as to vary the speed of the engine as may
be required. ¹ is the throttle valve carried in the cylindrical recess corresponding
therewith in the cylinder lid and immediately over the steam chest. Figure 8 is n
sectional plan taken on line y y of figure 1. The valve k' is hollow as shewn, and
open at the bottom, and has two ports or openings m¹ m'; opposite to each other,
through the walls. These openings correspond to similar openings in the cylindrical
recess in which the valve is seated, as shewn at figure 8, and the supply of steam
which enters through such last mentioned openings, and thus into the valve, is cut
off or controlled by the axial movement of the valve. In the position in which
the quadrant arms, hereinafter described, are shewn on plan the valve k¹ would be
half open, but the valve is shewn to be full open in figures 1 and 8 for the sake of
clearness of illustration: The valve spindle n¹ passes out upwards, as shewn, and
is connected to a frame having an upper and lower quadrant arm lettered
respectively u¹ and u³. The steam pressure keeps the valve k' firmly against the
underside of its seating, and thus prevents the escape of steam through the
opening for the spindle n' which consequently does not require packing. The
quadrant arms u¹ and u³ are kept in a horizontal plane between the rollers o' of
carried on studs fixed to the bracket k. On the back end of the spindle u are
turned two opposite bevel faces pl p², the face p' being shewn in contact with a
correspondingly bevelled face on the quadrant arm u and the other face p³ being
shewn slightly back from a correspondingly bevelled face on the quadrant arm u.
These bevelled faces are preferably roughened or milled to give a better bite when in
contact.
8
The action of these governors will now be readily understood. When the engine
is running slowly so that very little centrifugal force is acting upon the arms r
the spindle u is kept forced back, as shewn, and the arms held in, by the pressure
of the spring in the tube v. The spindle u rotating with the governors, on account
of the connection of the shorter arms as therewith, the quadrant arm u' is turned
by the bevel face in contact with it in the direction to open the valve k. As the
governor arms rr fly out, with an increased speed of the engine, the short arms 88
force the spindle u further into the tube v against the spring therein, thus drawing
back the bevelled face p' from the quadrant arm and bringing the bevelled
face p³ in contact with the bevelled face on the quadrant arm u³ and consequently
turning such arm in the direction to close the valve k'. The bevel face u¹ stops
short at a² and the bevel face u stops short at 62, each bevel face however continuing
at its other end to the extremity of its quadrant arm; and one thus passing beyond

page_text: the other at each end. When therefor one of such bevel faces is moved by the
corresponding bevel face on the spindle u as far as it can be so moved (at which
point the bevel face on the spindle is out of contact with the corresponding bevel
face on the quadrant) the other bevel face on the quadrant is still in position to be
operated in the opposite direction by the other bevel face on the spindle as the
variation in the speed of the engine changes the contact. To prevent however any
possibility of the quadrant arms being moved too far in either direction, notwith-
standing the arrangements just described, a stop is formed by the horns 8' 8' coming
against the pin c The method by which the steam supply is brought to the
openings in the valve seating will be readily understood by reference to figures 1, 2,
7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings. The steam first enters the branch a³ in
the cylinder casting (see figure 2) thence rises through a vertical passage b³ (figures 7
and 8) which communicates with a passage of in the lid. This passage c³ commu-
nicates direct on one side with a passage or port through the seating of the valve k¹,
corresponding to one of the ports m³ through the valve, and passing around one side
of such seating, as shewn, communicates with a passage or port through the valve
seating opposite to the one last referred to. The vertical passage & has an opening
at the top, as shewn by figure 7, to receive the lubricator.
63
These governors are very sensitive, as, in consequence of the position of the
_bevel faces pp relatively to the corresponding faces on the quadrant arms.
u u², a small movement of the governor arms changes the contacts between the
faces, and the action of the valve is instantaneous with either contact. -
The governors above described are also applicable to motive-power engines
generally, and may be considerably modified, the essential features being that as
the governor arms By outwards by centrifugal force they shall cause a contact of
the nature described so as to act immediately in closing the valve, and that as they
return inwards by the action of a spring they shall almost simultaneously with
breaking the first contact form a second contact so as to act immediately in opening
the valve. The former contact may be produced by the governors seizing the
interior of a ring which is consequently carried round by means of such contact,
and the latter contact may be produced similarly with the exterior of a corres-
ponding ring. One of such rings may be connected to the controlling valve through
the medium of a right-hand screw and the other through the medium of a left-hand
screw, or any suitable mechanism for the purpose may be employed.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate a very compact arrangement according to which
the regulating valve is carried direct upon the spindle u of the governors shewn at
figure 1. Figure 9 is a corresponding section through the governors, regulating
valve, and upper part of the cylinder and chest, to that shewn by figure 1.
Figure 10 is a section taken on line of figure 9, and figure 11 is a plan of
figure 9, but in both figures 10 and 11 the mechanism projecting beyond the
bracket is omitted for simplicity of illustration. In these views A is the cylinder,
B the lid and H the steam chest. u is the spindle corresponding to that similarly
lettered figure 1. D is the regulating valve and C the chest in which it works.
This chest C is formed as shewn in the cylinder lid B and is connected by a
passage E with the passage b* corresponding to the passage similarly lettered figure 8.
The governors are carried by a bracket F bolted through ears G G thereon to the
cylinder lid B, as shewn. The bracket F has a bung a entering the chest C and
forms the lid to such chest. The spindle u passes through a packing box, as shewn,
into the chest C. The valve D' is placed upon two bushes c c screwed tightly
together on the spindle u and having exterior collars as shewn to keep the valve
in position end ways. The spindle u, together with the bushes and washers c c, is
thus capable of revolving without the valve turning therewith. KK are annular
ports around the interior of the chest C and communicate on the lower side of the
chest C with the steam chest H, as shewn. L is an annular port around the valve D,
and thus, when such valve is in the position shewn, steam passes through the valve
and through the port L therein, and over the outer edge of the valve, into the

page_text: port K K and thus into the steam chest H. It will be readily seen that as the
valve D is pulled forwards, by the governor arms flying out, the ports K K are
closed. The valve D is connected to its centre r by means of wings as in the case
of the valve I figure 1. The lubricator is fixed in the opening e.
According to either of the arrangements of regulating valve and chest described,
with the accompanying ports and passages, the removal of the cylinder lid exposes
to inspection all the working parts and passages otherwise than those below the
piston D and the valve I.
Another construction of governor which we employ for regulating the speed of
the high speed steam (and other motive-power) engines, herein-before described, is
illustrated according to one modification by figure 12 of the accompanying
drawings, in which A is the engine shaft, B a pulley fixed thereon, C a pulley
capable of turning loose on a spindle b, D an arm fixed to the spindle b so as to
turn rigidly therewith, a a studs fixed to the pulley C, cc spiral springs or other
elastic couplings connecting the outer end of the arm D with the studs a a
respectively. E is a running pulley, F a pulley on the spindle d of the throttle
valve, a band tightening pulley kept back by the weight H acting through the
medium of the levers e and f carried by the fixed fulcrum g. An endless band h h
etc. passes from the pulling side of the pulley B, around the running pulley E,
thence back again around the pulley C, thence forward around the pulley G, and
thence back around the pulley B to its starting point. The pulley B thus drives
the pulley C through the medium of the endless band h h etc. and, consequently
therefor, the arm D and the spindle b. Any suitable pendulum or wheel escapement
is connected with the spindle b and controls therefor the speed of such spindle, but
for the greatest possible accuracy of the pendulum's beat, when a pendulum is
employed, it is recommended to use Denison's gravity escapement. A cord k passes
from the block or carrier of the running pulley E around the pulley F, and a
weight I hangs from a cord 7 passing also around the pulley F, as shewn. The
cords k and may form one cord together, or each may be separately connected to
the pulley F, or two pulleys may be employed side by side, one for each cord.
When the engine is at rest the weight I is down to its lowest point and the valve
is thereby pulled wide open. As the engine is started the wheel C and spindle b
are thereby set in motion, and the speed of the engine can increase until the band
hh etc. begins to travel over the pulley B faster than over the pulley C, (which
latter pulley is kept at a regular speed, after once reaching its normal speed, by
the escapement action), at which point the running pulley E will be drawn towards
the engine, the weight I consequently raised, and the valve closed more or less.
When the engine speed is reduced below normal the weight I acts to pull back the
running pulley E, thus increasing the speed of the band h h etc. over the pulley C
in the degree to compensate for the lesser speed of its travel due to the lesser speed
of the pulley B. The speed of the band h h etc, therefor, over the pulley C is always
adjusted to the regular speed of such pulley. It will thus be seen that the weight I
acts as the compensating medium between the variable speed of the pulley B and
the regular speed of the pulley C. As the weight I descends it acts also to open
the regulating valve wider. The band tightener G is employed simply to maintain
a regular degree of tension on the slack side of the band h h etc. and, if desired,
a rocking lever K (shewn by dotted lines), joining the centres of the pulleys E
and G and working upon a fixed fulcrum L, may be employed in lieu of the
levers e and fand weight H, as by the employment of such a lever K a movement
in either direction of the pulley E will cause an equal and opposite movement of
the pulley G and thus the band h h etc. will be kept taut by the pulley G, as
before. The springs c o yield somewhat and allow the pulley C to revolve as the
escapement action momentarily causes the arm D to pause. The regulating valve
on the spindle d may be constructed so that, in case the endless band h h etc.
breaks, the weight I in descending will by means of its cord around the pulley F
turn the valve so far as to completely close it. For this purpose a plain cylindrical
valve having a port or ports through its side will answer admirably.

page_text: '
A governor constructed as last described has a regular speed not sensibly affected
by any variation in the speed of the engine, and any variation of speed between
the prime mover and the governor has the effect of immediately acting upon the
regulating valve; whereas with the ordinary construction of governor the action of
the governor follows upon the variation in the speed of the prime mover and is not
simultaneous therewith.
These governors are also applicable to motive-power engines generally.
Having now stated the nature of our said Invention, and particularly described
and ascertained the manner of performing the same, we declare that we do not
limit ourselves to the exact details herein described and illustrated by the drawings,
as such may be varied without departing from the nature of our said Invention,
but what we claim as our Invention and desire to secure by the herein-before in-
part-recited Letters Patent, is :-
First The combination of parts forming the complete single-acting high-speed
steam (or other elastic motive-power) engine substantially as described with
reference to figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Second: In a steam, or other motive-power, engine the employment of a piston
-valve or valves having, in addition to the single or double rings usually employed,
outer rings forming guides and additional wearing surfaces, substantially as herein
described and shewn by figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Third-In a single-acting high speed steam (or other elastic motive-power)
engine, in which the exhaust is carried into a chamber through which the crank
shaft passes, the method of packing the half circumference of the shaft bearings on
either side of such chamber, substantially as and for the purpose herein described
and shewn by figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth In a single-acting high speed steam (or other elastic motive-power)
engine, the combination of a piston having a port a a therein, above a diaphragmn H
across such piston, with a port b b from the steam passage CC, such port a a
either coming opposite to a port c c into an exhaust passage E E, as the piston
reaches the bottom of its stroke, or else descending below the cylinder, substantially
as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by figure 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
Fifth-The improved construction of engine governor operating upon the
controlling valve by means of distinct and independent contacts giving opposite
motions to such valve through suitable mechanism, one of such contacts being
produced to close the valve as the governor arms fly outwards by centrifugal force,
and the other contact being produced to open the valve as the governor arms are
brought inwards by means of a spring, all substantially as and for the purpose
herein described and shewn, in one application thereof (as applied to a single-
acting high speed steam engine), by figures 1 and 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixth-The improved engine governor illustrated (as applied to a single-acting
high speed steam engine) by figures 1 and 7 of the accompanying drawings,
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
Seventh-In an engine governor the combination of the bevel faces pl p³ on the
spindle u actuated directly by the spring vand governor arms 88 with the bevel
faces upon the quadrant arms u¹ and u³ connected directly with the regulating
valve, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by
figures 1 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
:
Eighth The improved engine governor consisting essentially of a pulley B on
the engine shaft, or on a shaft driven direct therefrom, a pulley C connected
clastically with a pendulum or other escapement action, a running pulley E
connected with a pulley or equivalent on the regulating valve spindle and with
a weight I or spring, a band tightening or compensating tension pulley G geared
with a weight H or spring or with a compensating lever K, and an endless band

page_text: chain or cord h h etc., all constructed and operating substantially as and for the
purpose herein described and shewn by figure 12 of the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Paul Bedford Elwell for myself and on
behalf of the said Thomas Parker have hereunto set my hand and seal
this eleventh day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness:-
:-
JOHN THOM,
PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL (LS)
Clerk to Stephen Watkins, Assoc. M. Inst, C.E.
Office for Patents.
Wolverhampton,