CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WIRE CARDS, AND DRESSING WOOLLEN AND OTHER CLOTHS
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CLISILD DANIELL, of Stoke, in the County of Wilts, Clothier, send greeting..
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at. Westminster, the Eighth day of June, in the eighth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His special licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Clisild
Daniell, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Clisild Daniell, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WIRE CARDS, AND DRESSING WOOLLEN
AND OTHER CLOTHS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion is described and ascertained in manner following; that is to say:-
My improvements consist in preparing wire cards to be used for dressing
woollen and other cloths in lieu of teasles (or in lieu of such wire cards as may
have been heretofore used for the same purpose), by combining together in
the same cards different kinds of wire teeth, (viz') wire teeth with sharp
points bent forwards in a suitable manner to qualify them (when acting on
the cloth) to penetrate amongst the fibres of the wool or other material of
which the cloth is formed, so as to raise up a pile upon the face of the cloth.
These pointed wires, which I call working teeth, are interspaced, with other
wire teeth, the ends of which (when acting upon the cloth are rather less
prominent than the points of the working teeth, and the said ends are so
formed that they will have little or no tendancy to penetrate amongst the
fibres of which the cloth is formed. These I call the protecting wires or teeth,
because their office is to limit the penetration of the sharp points of the
working teeth into the cloth, in order that their action may be confined to the
surface thereof, so as to raise up a sufficient pile to form the surface of the
cloth, without drawing out or disturbing those fibres which are essential to the
solidity of its texture.
The Drawing hereunto annexed represents a piece of wire card prepared
according to my said improvements. The working teeth are formed with
sharp points at the ends of the wires, which points are bent forwards, as shewn
by the strong black lines in the Figures. The projecting wires which are
intersparsed between the working teeth are shewn by the red lines. The ends
of the protecting wires are rather shorter than the points of the working wires,
so that when acting upon the cloth they will project out less from the leather
in which the wires are set; and the ends of the protecting wires are not sharp,
but blunt ended, that they may not penetrate into the cloth, but they act
superficially upon it, and limit the penetration of the points of the working teeth
to such a depth as will enable them to raise a pile without injuring the fabric.
Figure 1 represents a plan of the back of the leather of a piece of card pre-
pared according to my improvements, shewing how the wires are set therein.
The red lines are the protecting wires, and the black lines are the working
wires.
Figure 2 is an elevation corresponding to Fig. 1, and shewing how the
teeth stand up from the leather when they are not in action upon the cloth.
The black lines are the working wires, and the intermediate red lines represent
the interspaced protecting teeth.

page_text: Figure 3 represents the position that the wires assume when they are
in action upon the cloth. The working teeth bend backwards more then the
protecting teeth, the blunt ends of which bear against the face of the cloth,
and protect it from too great a penetration by the points of the working
teeth, which are nevertheless forced towards the cloth by their own spring
or elasticity with a sufficient force to cause them to penetrate properly
into the cloth,. in order to raise a pile thereupon. The protecting wires
may be interspaced between the pointed working teeth in the proportion
of two working teeth to one protecting tooth, as represented in the Drawing,
or in other cases a greater proportion of working teeth may be used, or cards
may be prepared with equal proportions of protecting and working teeth, also
the protecting teeth may be made of rather stronger wire than the working
teeth, so as to render them less yielding than the working teeth, in order that
they may more effectually protect the cloth from too deep a penetration by the
points of the working teeth, and the prominence of the points of the working
teeth beyond the ends of the protecting teeth may be greater or less, according
to the degree of penetration that the working points are required to have.
In all these particulars of the preparation of the cards they must be pro-
portioned and adapted suitably to the action they are required to exert upon
the cloth, and which must vary according to its quality and texture. The
persons who are to practice my improvements must exercise discretion in
preparing the cards for dressing woollen and other cloth, so as to adapt the
strength of the wire both for the working and protecting teeth, the length of
both sorts of the teeth, and the bend of the ends of each sort of teeth respectively,
and also in the degree of closeness of the holes which are pricked in the leather,
and in the proportion of working and protecting teeth that shall be introduced
into the card, all which circumstances must be varied and accommodated to
cach other so as to suit the nature of the cloth which is to be dressed; but
such variations will occasion no departure from my Invention, the essential
property of which is to intersperse amongst sharp pointed teeth which are
penetrative other protecting teeth which are not penetrative, or penetrative in
a less degree. Wire cards prepared according to my improvements as afore-
said (viz.) with protecting teeth interspaced amongst the sharp pointed working
teeth may be applied to act upon the cloth by means of the machines com-
monly called gig mills, such cards being used in the same manner as teasles, or
such cards as may have been heretofore used in gig mills. And my improved
cards may be fixed and used in the gig mill in the usual manner, or else wire
cards prepared according to my improvements as aforesaid may be used
as hand cards in lieu of teasles, or in lieu of such other cards as have been

page_text: heretofore used to dress or raise a pile upon the surface of woollen cloth when
it is stretched out over a frame usually called amongst the clothiers in the West
of England a purchase or a timmenog.
And another of my improvements consists in preparing cards for that
purpose with none but protecting teeth in the first three or four rows of teeth
across the card, as shewn at A in the Figures. The first rows are those which
are nearest to hand, and which are therefore struck first upon the cloth; and
those rows are to have no sharp-pointed working teeth amongst them, in
order that the cloth may not be too severely worked, the other part of
the card being prepared with a due proportion of working teeth, and pro-
tecting teeth uniformly interspersed amongst them, in the manner herein-before
stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven.