Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield'
Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of carpets, rugs and other similar
pile fabrics which are woven double or face to face, and are severed with knives
cutting through the pile either in the loom when weaving or subsequently; and
it has for its object to economise the pile forming warps by floating between
the top and bottom cloths such of the warps as are not required to form the
pattern instead of carrying them between the binders or weaving them into
the cloth, whilst ensuring detection of the absence of any of the pile warps
by carrying them to the upper surface of the fabric when being woven. By
the invention described in Letters Patent No. 20908 of 1897 granted to me,
the warps which form the pile are woven into each foundation of the two cloths
in equal quantities. Those in the foundation of the bottom cloth are raised by
the Jacquard to the top cloth to form the pile or design as required and those
in the top cloth are lowered by the Jacquard to the bottom cloth to form the
pile or design as required, and which is the usual mode of splitting the warps
in weaving double pile cloths.
According to my present invention I keep all the pile forming warps free
of the foundations of the two cloths and only the one row of pile warps that
has been selected by the Jacquard machine as arranged by the design or
card, is raised to the top of the foundation of the top cloth and bound in
that position by the weft shot. Afterwards this row of pile warps is lowered
to the foundation of the bottom cloth and there bound by the weft shot, or I
may first lower and then raise the row of pile warps. The rest of the pile
forming warps are kept in such a position, that the weft shots that are crossing
do not affect them. This may either be done by lowering them down when
forming the top cloth and raising them up when forming the bottom cloth,
or by floating them mid way between the two cloths if the cloths are being
formed simultaneously. By this method the two cloths are made alike and tho
pile warps are as firmly tied into the one cloth as the other, and the pile warps
being raised to the top of the foundation of the top cloth, the weaver can see
if any are missing, either by being broken out or not being raised by the
Jacquard machine, through any error in the cards or owing to the machine
not working correctly, thus saving damaged cloth from being made. The pile
forming warps not making the design are thus floating and considerable material
is saved compared with what is required when these warps are woven into the
foundations.
To give the movements required to the pile warps I employ by preference a
Jacquard machine arranged with three lifts.
The Jacquard machine has two raising boards and one stationary board, the
latter being able to retain any tails wanted in it.

page_text: In the production of the cloth the top board is first raised a full half lift
and then lowered to its original position. The first revolution of the crank
causes the raising board below the needles to rise and the stuffers of top and
bottom cloth to lower, the two binders of each cloth remaining as they were
until two throws of weft are put into the cloth. The second revolution of the
crank causes the raising board below the needles to lower, the stuffers of both
cloths to rise, one binder in each cloth to lower and the other two binders to
rise. In the third revolution of the crank the same movements are given to
the same parts as in the first revolution and in the fourth revolution the same
as in the second revolution, excepting that the binders which were before raised
are now lowered and vice versa.
By the method above described I produce a double cloth in which only the
section of the pile warps that is forming the design is woven into the founda-
tions of the two cloths, and all the other sections of the pile forming warps are
held in such positions that the weft or wefts which are crossing to bind the
warps into the foundations do not affect or bind in those pile warps which are
not forming the pile or design, but bind or tie in only these pile warps which
have been selected by the Jacquard machine to form the design.
Dated this 10th day of April 1890
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
int Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics.
I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield
Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to the manufacture of carpets, rugs and other similar
pile fabrics which are woven double or face to face, and are severed with knives
cutting through the pile either in the loom when weaving or subsequently; and
it has for its object to economise the pile forming warps by floating between
the top and bottom cloths such of the warps as are not required to form the
pattern instead of carrying them between the binders or weaving them into
the cloth, whilst ensuring detection of the absence of any of the pile warps
by carrying them to the upper surface of the fabric when being woven. By
the invention described in Letters Patent No. 20908 of 1897 granted to me,
the warps which form the pile are woven into each foundation of the two cloths
in equal quantities. Those in the foundation of the bottom cloth are raised by
the Jacquard to the top cloth to form the pile or design as required and those
in the top cloth are lowered by the Jacquard to the bottom cloth to form the
pile or design as required, and which is the usual mode of splitting the warps
in weaving double pile cloths.
According to my present invention I keep all the pile forming warps free
of the foundations of the two cloths and only the one row of pile warps that
has been selected by the Jacquard machine as arranged by the design or

page_text: The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing which is a section
taken transversely of the weft in the improved fabric.
A, B, are the binder warps in the top cloth.
C, D,
"
"
"
"
bottom
"
"
E, E, are the stuffer warps in the top cloth.
FF are the stuffer warps in the bottom cloth.
G, H, J, K, L, are the pile forming warps in both cloths. M is the weft
in the top cloth and N the weft in the bottom cloth, and X and Y the top.
and bottom cloths respectively.
As shown by these drawings, the pile forming warps G, H, J, K, L, are kept
free of the foundations of the two cloths X, Y, and only the particular row,
such as G, of pile warps that has been selected by the Jacquard machine as
arranged by the design or card, is raised to the top of the foundation of the top
cloth X, and bound in that position by the weft shot M of the top cloth. After-
wards this particular row G of pile warps is lowered to the foundation of the
bottom cloth and there bound by the weft shot N of the bottom cloth, or I may
first lower and then raise the row of pile warps. The rest of the pile forming
warps H, J, K, L, are at this time kept in such a position, that the weft shots that
are crossing do not affect them. This may either be done by lowering them down
when forming the top cloth X, and raising them up when forming the bottom
cloth Y, or as shown by floating them mid way between the two cloths X, Y,
if the cloths are being formed simultaneously. By this method the two
cloths X, Y, are made alike and the pile warps G, H, J, K, L, are as firmly
tied into the one cloth as the other, and as the pile warps selected are in every
case raised to the top of the foundation of the top cloth X. the weaver can see
if any are missing, either by being broken out or not being raised by the
Jacquard machine, through any error in the cards or owing to the machine
not working correctly, thus saving damaged cloth from being made. The pile
forming warps G, H, J, K, L, not making the design are thus floating as shown
at either end of the illustration, and considerable material is saved compared
with what is required when these warps are woven into the foundations.
The several movements of the parts of the loom by which the fabric is manu-
factured take place in the following order :-
First revolution of the crank shaft.
The top lift in the Jacquard rises, raising all the cords in the Jacquard to
the height of this lift and thus brings the pile forming warps controlled by
the Jacquard midway between the top and bottom cloths X, Y. Next the raising
trap board below the needles rises and takes what cords the card or design has
selected to this lift's height, which brings the selected pile forming warps G, H, J, K,
or L, as the case may be, to the top of the top cloth X.
The stuffer heddle is then lowered so that the stuffer warp of the top cloth X
is floating midway between the two cloths X, Y, the other stuffer warp is
lowered to the foundation of the bottom cloth.
The binder warps A, B, and C, D, remain as they were (one being up and
one down in each cloth).
Two shots of weft M, N, are then thrown simultaneously, the one M binding
the row G of pile warps in the top cloth X, and the other binding the stuffer
warp into the bottom cloth Y.
Second revolution of the crank shaft.
The top lift lowers all the cords in the Jacquard, those not selected by the
card or design are caught in a stationary trap board placed above the needles
at such a height that practically those pile warps controlled are retained in
almost the same position as in the first revolution of the crank midway between
the two cloths X, Y. The raising trap board below the needles is then
lowered, to the bottom of its lift, taking the cords raised by it in the first

page_text: revolution down with it, so that the pile forming warps G which were raised
by them and bound into the top cloth X are now lowered to the bottom of the
foundation of the bottom cloth Y..
"
4.
-T"
The stuffer heddle is now raised, the stuffer warp E of the top cloth X being
raised to the foundation of the 'top cloth, and the stuffer warp F of the bottom
cloth Y is raised so that it floats midway between the two cloths X, Y. One
binder warp in each cloth is raised and one in each cloth lowered. Two shots
of weft M, N, are then thrown simultaneously, the one M binding the stuffer
warp E into the foundation of the top cloth X, the other binding the row G of
pile warps into the bottom, of the bottom cloth Y. The card on the cylinder of
the Jacquard machine is changed.
Third revolution of the crank shaft.
A
The same movements are given to the parts as in the first revolution.
Fourth revolution of the crank shaft.
70
The same movements are given to the parts as in the second revolution, except-
ing that the binders which were before lowered are now raised and vice versa..
By the method above described I produce a double cloth in which only the
section of the pile warps that is forming the design is woven into the founda-
tions of the two cloths, and all the other sections of the pile forming warps are
held in such positions that the weft or wefts which are crossing to bind the
warps into the foundations do not affect or, bind in those pile warps which are
not forming the pile or design but bind or tie in only these pile warps which
have been selected by the Jacquard machine to form the design.
The following modifications may be made in the manner of arranging the
working parts of the loom and in the results therefrom without departing from
the invention.
11. "
The raising trap board in the Jacquard may be placed above the needles and
the stationary trap board below the needles-or vice versa. The pile in the bottom
cloth may be made first, or vice versa;, or I may use two or more pile forming
warps, or cross the binder and stuffer warps at different periods.
One or more binder chains may be used and no stuffer chain or more than one
stuffer chain or more than two weft shots may put in each cloth foundation, for
each row of tufts of the pile forming warps.
Further, both cloths may be made simultaneously or one cloth before the other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that 'what
I claim is:-
r
The improved manufacture of double cloth in, which the pile. forming warps
not required by the design are floated between the foundations of the two cloths
and only those pile forming warps selected by the Jacquard machine are woven
or bound into the foundations of the cloths, substantially as described.
Dated this 29th day of December 1899.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.