Improvements in or in the Production of Metallic Springs, and also in the Resilient Frames of Cycle Saddles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 5th July, 1893-Accepted, 19th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or in the Production of Metallic Springs, and
also in the Resilient Frames of Cycle Saddles.
I, JOHN BOULTBEE BROOKS of Great Charles Street, in the City of
Birmingham, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
Metallic springs for various purposes, and also the metal resilient framings of
cycle saddles, have heretofore been made from solid wire or rod lengths. During
the process of manufacture, the said wire or rod lengths, at times, are rendered
brittle at parts, which is due either to loss of malleability in parts of the
metal through the presence of foreign matter, or to imperfect drawing or
rolling.
This inequality or inequalities is or are usually rectified by re-heating and
subsequent annealing, whereby the proper physical constitution of the metal is
restored. By again re-heating, hardening and tempering, or by imparting the
necessary flexibility to the metal by subsequent drawing or rolling, the necessary
resiliency is produced.
Even after the greatest care has been exercised, the springs when produced have
oftentimes "faults," due either to the rupture of the fibres, or some unaccountable
brittleness, which renders the tenacity or strength of the metal uncertain.
Where these undetectable "faults occur, the springs or framings are certainly
Booner or later to tear or part on any undue strain being put upon the metal.
The object of my invention is to impart uniform flexibility and tenacity to the
metal employed in the production of the said springs or framings, and in virtue of
which property, the said metal is less liable to rupture or break, and this I
accomplish by collectively employing a series of wires or strands, united together
and forming a compound wire or rod.
In making compound wire or rod lengths, from which springs or resilient
framings are subsequently made, according to my invention, I take a series of two,
three, four or other number of fine or small guage wires, and collectively lay the
said series side by side, and unite them, either by slightly twisting the same axially
in the directions of their lengths, or by connecting them together by some glutinous
or other adhesive matter, such as enamel or varnish.
Or inside strands may be spirally encompassed and confined by a spirally
directed strand or strands, or the said strand or strands, may be flatted, woven or
otherwise collectively united together.
By thus making a stout wire, or rod length, of a series of strands, or composed
of a number of wires, laid side by side, or twisted one with another, great strength
and tenacity is thereby attained, without the liability to "faults."
The strands, before being made up into a compound wire or rod length, have
imparted to them, the necessary flexibility and hardness, or the flexibility and
hardness may be imparted to them, after being made up, by heating, hardening and
tempering, which may be performed, if necessary, electrically.
In making up a pillar coiled spring, I take a compound wire length, and fashion
or evolve the same into the convolutions or coils.
In a spiral spring, I make the same up in manner alike unto a pillar one, while
in a loop coil, I take a compound wire or rod length, and bend the same into a loop
about its middle, or at its ends.
In resilient framings for cycle saddles, I may employ, without twisting, a
compound wire or rod length.
The compound wire rod lengths may be made taper, or may vary in thickness,
'

page_text: so as to get the most metal, where the strain is greatest, and this I accomplish by
introducing or employing strands of varying lengths.
As a further form of compound wire or rod length, I produce the same as
follows; I take a series or bundle of wires, and enclose or surround the same by
or with a tube or hollow rod. Then by a rolling or drawing process, I reduce and
elongate the whole collectively to any desired thickness or guage, hence a com-
pound wire rod or bar, of any desired section, which may be that of a ring,
confining a series of compound strand or core parts.
The strand wires may be of any desired section.
Dated this 4th day of October 1892.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or in the Production of Metallic Springs, and
also in the Resilient Frames of Cycle Saddles.
I, JOHN BOULTBEE BROOKS, of Great Charles Street, in the City of
Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
:
Metallic springs for various purposes, and also the resilient metallic framings of
cycle saddles, have heretofore been made from single wire or rod lengths.
These said springs or resilient framings, when made from single or uncompounded
rod lengths, are liable to break when in use, in consequence of faults occurring in
the metal or of inequalities produced in the tempering.
Now the object of my invention is to impart uniform flexibility and tenacity to
the metal employed in the production of the said springs or framings, and in
virtue of which properties, the said metal is less liable to rupture or break, and
this I accomplish by employing a series of wires or strands, united together
primarily, by twisting and thereby forming a compound wire or rod.
In making compound wire or rod lengths, (from which springs or resilient
framings are subsequently made,) according to my invention, I take a series
of two, three, four or other number of fine or small gauge wires, and lay the
same side by side, and unite them together by twisting the same in the directions
of their lengths.
Or a compound wire or rod may have its strands running parallel, and with the
same confined by one, two or more outside and spirally directed strands.
By thus making a stout wire, or a rod length, up of a series of strands, or com-
posed of a number of wires laid side by side, and the whole collectively twisted, or
twisted one with another, great strength and tenacity is thereby attained, without
the liability to "faults.""
In making-up a pillar coiled spring, I take a compound wire length, and fashion
or evolve the same into the convolutions or coils.
In a spiral spring, I make the same up in manner like unto a pillar one, while in
a loop coil, I take a compound wire or rod length, and bend the same into a loop
about its middle, or at its ends.
The compound wire or rod lengths may be made taper, or may vary in thickness,
so as to get the most metal where the strain is greatest, and this I may accomplish
by introducing or employing strands of varying lengths.
The strand wires may be of any desired section.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents a hammock cycle saddle,
fitted or provided with a resilient metallic framing made from a compound wire or
rod length composed of a series of strands, and twisted spirally,

page_text: Figure 2 represents a cross section of the said compound or strand framing upon
the dotted lines A. B. Figure 1, and upon an enlarged scale.
a is the said compound rod length, constituting the suspension or supporting
framing of the saddle seat b, and which framing is bowed at front at a², and made
hookwise at back at a', and with a portion of the said compound wire or rod length
formed into a loop spring a¹, rearward of the middle.
Figure 3 represents a cycle saddle, with the rod seat framings, and also the
supporting or elevating springs, made from a compound or twisted wire or rod
length, or a wire or rod length made from a series of strands, united together by
twisting.
a are the rod framings, made from a series of strands, united by twisting,
a' are loop coils, and a' the stand-side ends of the said wires or rods, and which
said parts are made from a single length of compound wire, or a rod length or
lengths.
a is a pillar coiled spring, made from a compound length of wire.
Figure 4 represents a spiral spring, made from a length of compound wire.
Figure 5 represents (upon an enlarged scale) a compound rod length, formed
by the twisting together of a series of strips or ribbon lengths of metal as shown
in Figure 6.
Figure 7 represents a section of a compound wire composed of four strands,
instead of three as in Figure 1.
Figure 8 represents a section of a compound wire formed from a series of four
square sectioned strands.
In Figure 3 it will be seen that no joints are employed in the said framings.
The application of my invention to other springs and resilient framings differs
in no essential respect from its application to the resilient framings and springs of
cycle saddles, as hereinbefore described.
The said compound wires or rods may be made from steel strands in a safe state,
and then subsequently hardened and tempered, or the same may be made from
spring steel wire or strands, or from hard drawn steel wire or strands.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First In the resilient framings or in the spring framings and supporting and
other springs of cycle saddles, making up or fabricating the same from compound
wire lengths or from compound rod lengths, or from wire or rod lengths composed
of a series of connected-together strands, or a series of component strand members
united together by twisting, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly-In springs for various purposes other than for cycle saddles, making
up or fabricating the same from compound wire lengths or from compound rod
lengths, or from wire or rod lengths composed of a series of connected-together
strands, or a series of component strand members, united together by twisting,
substantially as described and set forth.
Dated this 4th day of Tule 1002
•
JOHN BOULTBEE BROOKS,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.