New and Useful Process of Enamelling or Treating Steel and Homo- geneous Iron for the Manufacture of Goods to be Enamelled and of Producing Enamelled Goods or Ware.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New and Useful Process of Enamelling or Treating Steel and Homo-
geneous Iron for the Manufacture of Goods to be Enamelled and
of Producing Enamelled Goods or Ware.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the Firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of 53,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute
of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a.communica-
tion to me by. The National Enameling and Stamping Company, a corporation
incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, and having an office
at 90, Beekman Street, New York City (Borough of Manhattan), County and
State of New York, United States of America) to be as follows:-
This invention' relates to a process of producing steel or homogeneous iron
which when manufactured into goods. will be specially adapted to receive and
retain, a. strongly adherent coat of. enamel free from the flaws and defects to
which, such enamelled goods are ordinarily liable. This object is attained by
introducing into the steel or homogeneous iron after manufacture, but while
still in a molten, condition, a flux or fluxes of a nature similar to the flux or
fluxes used in. the composition of enamel, it having been discovered that the
metal is thereby rendered most suitable for taking and retaining a strongly
adherent coat of enamel when such metal has been manufactured into goods or
ware. The enamel coating (by reason of the peculiar condition of the metal
base and its affinity for the enamel) will be free from the chips, flakes, pits,
and, smutty blotches that frequently occur upon ordinary enamelled steel articles.
The operation of bringing the metal to this condition of affinity for enamel is
termed herein "enamellizing," and metal in such condition is termed "enamel-
lized" steel or enamellized" homogeneous iron, by reason of the fact that the
said operation brings about in the metal a condition of peculiar adaptability for
taking and retaining a coat of enamel free from the flaws above mentioned.
This result is highly desirable and articles made from metal which has been so
treated or prepared and which are enamelled in the usual way are far superior
to ordinary enamelled ware.
66
In practising, the present, invention, one or more of the well-known enamel
fluxes such as silica or silicious material, boracic acid or borax, and cryolite
or fluorspar, or any of the well-known enamel fluxes, is or are mingled with
the molten steel or homogeneous iron after the steel or homogeneous iron is made,
either while the metal is in the ladle or ingot-mould. The effect of this
operation is to enamellize" the metal rendering it particularly capable, when
manufactured into goods' or ware, of receiving and retaining a strongly adherent
coat of enamel free from flaws or defects. The enamellized steel or homo-
geneous iron may be cast and rolled, or otherwise wrought in the usual manner
and formed into the desired shape or article by cutting, stamping, seaming, or
otherwise. The article may be pickled and coated with any suitable vitreous
enamel, which enamel is then fused on the metal in the usual way.
66

page_text: In carrying out the " enamellizing" operation a mixture of three fluxes is
preferably employed, in the following proportion per ton of steel, viz. :-
(a) 1 lbs. silica or 2 lbs. feldspar;
(b) 2 lbs. boracic acid, or 3 lbs. of borax;
(c) lb. cryolite or fluorspar;
Instead of the above mixture I may
iron with boracic acid or borax alone.
66
"
enamellize the steel or homogeneous
Boracic acid or borax when used for
enamellizing" the steel or homogeneous iron are superior to the individual
use of silica or silicious material..
New and Useful Process of Enamelling or Treating Steel and Homo-
geneous Iron for the Manufacture of Goods to be Enamelled and
of Producing Enamelled Goods or Ware.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the Firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of 53,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute
of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communica-
tion to me by The National Enameling and Stamping Company, a corporation
incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, and having an office
at 80, Beekman Street, Nek York City (Borough of Manhattan), County and
State of New York, United States of America,) and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to a process of producing steel or homogeneous iron
which when manufactured into goods will be specially adapted to receive and
retain a strongly adherent coat of enamel free from the flaws and defects to
which such enamelled goods are ordinarily liable. This object is attained by
introducing into the steel or homogeneous iron after manufacture, but while
still in a molten condition, a flux or fluxes of a nature similar to the flux or
fluxes used in the composition of enamel, it having been discovered that the
metal is thereby rendered most suitable for taking and retaining a strongly
adherent coat of enamel when such metal has been manufactured into- goods or
ware. The enamel coating (by reason of the peculiar condition of the metal
base and its affinity for the enamel) will be free from the chips, flakes, pits,
and smutty blotches that frequently occur upon ordinary enamelled steel articles.
The operation of bringing the metal to this condition of affinity for enamel is
termed herein "enamellizing," and metal in such condition is termed "enamel-
lized steel or
enamellized" homogeneous iron, by reason of the fact that the
said operation brings about in the metal a condition of peculiar adaptability for
taking and retaining a coat of enamel free from the flaws above mentioned.
This result is highly desirable and articles made from metal which has been so
treated or prepared and which are enamelled in the usual way are far superior
to ordinary enamelled ware.
"
In practising the present invention, one or more of the well-known enamel
fluxes such as silica or silicious material, boracic acid or borax, and cryolite
or fluorspar, or any of the well-known enamel fluxes, is or are mingled with
the molten steel or homogeneous iron after the steel or homogeneous iron is made,

page_text: "
The effect of this
one metal is either in the ladle or ingot-mould.
operation is to
66 enamellize
manufactured into goods or ware, of receiving and retaining a strongly adherent
the metal rendering it particularly capable, when
coat of enamel free from flaws or defects. The 66
geneous iron may be cast and rolled, or otherwise wrought in the usual manner
enamellized steel or homo-
and formed into the desired shape or article by cutting, stamping, seaming, or
otherwise. The article may be pickled and coated with any suitable vitreous
enamel, which enamel is then fused on the metal in the usual way.
In carrying out the "enamellizing
"
mentioned mixtures of three fluxes is preferably employed, in the following
operation one or other of the under-
proportions per ton of steel, viz. :-
(a) 1 lbs. silica.
Instead of one or other of the above mixtures we may €6
or homogeneous iron with boracic acid or borax alone in the proportions of
enamellize" the steel
3 lbs. of the former, or 4 lbs. of the latter, per ton of steel. Boracic acid or
borax when used for "enamellizing" the steel or homogeneous iron are superior
to the individual use of silica or silicious material. If silica alone be employed
3 lbs. silica per ton of steel would be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we
claim is:-
"
1. The process of treating steel and homogeneous iron herein designated
enamellizing," which consists in introducing into the said steel or homogeneous
iron, when in the molten state, any of the enamelling fluxes, thereby adapting
the steel or iron when manufactured into goods or ware to strongly retain a
coating of enamel having the same or an analogous flux or fluxes substantially
as described.
2. The process of treating steel
"enamellizing," which consists in introducing into the said steel or homogeneous
or homogeneous iron herein designated
iron when in the molten state, a mixture of the enamel fluxes thereby adapting
the steel or iron when manufactured into goods or ware to strongly retain
enamel having the same or analogous fluxes substantially as described.
3. The process of producing enamelled articles which consists in first " enamel-
lizing" steel or homogeneous iron by the introduction therein when in the
molten state, of an enamel flux or fluxes as set forth, and enamelling goods made
of such " enamellized" metal.
4. As a new article of manufacture, "enamellized"
iron, that is steel or homogeneous iron which has been especially adapted for
steel or homogeneous
enamelling purposes by the introduction therein when in the molten state, of
any one or more of the enamel fluxes.
5. As a new article of manufacture, a base of "enamellized" steel or homo-
geneous iron carrying an adherent superposed coating of enamel substantially
is described.
Dated this 7th
P a
Deprem .
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London