Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Operating the Lathe of Looms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1892-Accepted, 6th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Operating
the Lathe of Looms.
We, ROBERT CAMPBELL YOUNG, of 16 Cunliffe Terrace, Manningham,
Bradford, Dyer and Finisher, and JAMES MASKER, of Oakfield, Carr Lane,
Windhill, Merchant, both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to he
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in looms for weaving looped or
pile fabrics such as Brussels carpets, imitation seal skins, Utrecht velvets and the
like by the operation of the lathe of the loom in such a manner that, the production
of the loom is increased.
Hitherto in ordinary looms of this class, the lathe has been operated at one speed
for all the picks, those for beating up the weft in the ground or backing cloth going
at the same speed as when the wire is inserted across the warp threads for forming
the loops or pile, which is necessarily slowly performed, and to which the speed of
the loom is limited.
The object of this invention is to increase the speed of the lathe of the loom
during the picks for beating up the weft, and to operate the lathe at a slower rate
equal to that at which it is now run for the insertion of the wires across the warp
threads, thus by increasing the speed of the lathe during the picks for beating up
the weft into the ground or backing cloth, the production of the loom is increased
in proportion thereto.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1. represents the front elevation of the main features of a loom suitable
for weaving the class of fabrics hereinbefore mentioned, and is fitted with my
improvement.
Fig. 2. is an end view of the loom.
Fig. 3. a sectional plan of the same through line a. b. and
Fig. 4. a detail of one of the cams for operating the lathe.
The loom may be driven by one of the pullies A. secured on the main shaft B. of
the loom, from which rotary motion is transferred by wheels E and E' to the
shaft C. from which the lathe D. is operated the shaft C. being also connected by
means of spur wheels F and F to the tappet shaft G. which in addition to operating
the healds H. through the tappets, levers and rods H imparts motion by means of
bevel wheels K. to the connecting rod L. and lever L' the latter being mounted on
a shaft M. The lever L is also connected to the wire carriage N. which is
caused to reciprocate on the guide bar O. for the withdrawal and insertion of the
wires.
So far the drawings and description relate to what is old and no claim is made to
any of the parts as forming part of this invention.
In order to impart to the lathe D. of the loom the differential motion by which
the speed of the loom may be increased and therefore the production increased in
the same ratio, I dispense with the ordinary cranks on the shaft C. and substitute
therefor cams T. of a novel configuration by which a differential speed is imparted
to the lathe of the loom.
Each crank is substituted by two cams T. secured on the shaft C. with the
grooves opposite each other, and in each of which is placed a small pulley upon a
cross bar attached to the rod U. thus connecting the frame D' of the lathe D. with
the cam grooves.
The configuration of the grooves as shown on cams T. are suitable for the class

page_text: of goods in which two picks of the shuttle are required for one insertion and beat
up of the wire withdrawn from the cloth and inserted across the warp threads by
the operation of the ordinary wire carriage N.
The cams T. revolve in the direction of the arrow and are shown as in the act of
moving the lathe D. towards the front of the loom for the purpose of beating up
the weft delivered by the shuttle. The beating.up is effected by the curvature of
the cam grooves, the beat up being completed on the point at T arriving, in line
with the small pullies and connecting rod U. thus causing the lathe D. to move
quickly towards the front of the loom. The continued rotation of the cams T.
draw the lathe D. back which is for some time at rest, while the cams are
travelling over the pullies between the points T and T3 during which time the
wire is inserted across the warp threads by the operation of the ordinary wire
carriage N. and on the point T of the cams arriving in line with the connecting
rod U. the inserted wire is "beat up" by the lathe.
The lathe D. is then operated at a quicker rate, the shuttle being driven across
the loom, and the "beat up" accomplished by the time the point of the cams at T
arrives opposite or in line with the connecting rods U. which operation is again
repeated between T and T¹ thus by these means, the speed of the lathe is
reduced during the insertion of the wires below that at which it is operated
during the shuttle picks and the beat up of the weft, thereby enabling the
speed of the main shaft B. and the other portions of the loom to be pro-
portionately increased to the speed for opeating the lathe D. during its slow move-
ment to about the maximum speed at which it can be run to allow of the insertion
of the wires.
My object may be accomplished in a modified manner by means of eccentric,
elliptical, or irregular curved circumferential wheels suitable for giving a
differential motion by arranging the wheels somewhat as shown by Fig. 5. illus-
trating an end elevation of certain portions of a loom frame with my modified
arrangement attached and Fig. 6. is a plan thereof.
The loom end frame is indicated by V. and supports the shaft W. upon which
are mounted the driving pullies X. the said shaft being connected by gearing
with the crank shaft Y. arranged in the manner as hereinafter described by
which a differential motion is imparted to the said shaft and to the other parts of
the loom.
In the drawings eccentric wheels are shown, but elliptical wheels centered on the
foci, or irregular curved circumferential wheels may be applied in the same
manner, the speeds of the same being regulated by spur gearing of proportionate
diameters.
On the shaft W. is secured a spur wheel or pinion 1. gearing into another spur
wheel 2. secured on a short shaft to which is also secured an eccentric, elliptical or
irregular curved circumferential wheel 3. gearing into a wheel 4. of like kind
secured on a short shaft or stud, to which is also secured a spur wheel 5 gearing
into a spur wheel 6. secured on crank shaft Y. of loom, the shaft being attached to
the lathe by connecting rods and coupled to the other parts of the loom by gearing
arranged in the usual manner.
When weaving cloths of the before mentioned class in which two picks of the
shuttle are required for one insertion of the wire, the spur wheel 5 and pinion 6.
are made in the proportion of three to one with each other, the two eccentric wheels 3
and 4 or elliptical or irregular curved circumferential wheels have an equal number
of teeth.
By the introduction of the eccentric elliptical or irregular curved circumferential
wheels 3 and 4. a varying speed is given to the crank shaft Y. and when the wheels
are in the position as shown, the crank shaft Y. and the lathe connected thereto
are operated at a much slower rate than when the wheels are in any other position,
thereby giving time for the introduction of the wire by any of the ordinary wire
motions at every third "beat up" of the loom thus by these means, the speed of the
loom may be increased to the speed at which the wires can be introduced across the

page_text: warp threads at the slow movement of the crank shaft Y. and lathe connected
thereto.
Another modification is shown by Fig. 7. representing a cross sectional elevation
of the loom, the parts not shown or described being of the ordinary description.
Fig. 8. is a plan thereof and Figs. 9. 10. and 11 are enlarged details.
On the main driving shaft or stud 7. are mounted the fast and loose driving
pullies 8. and on the said shaft or stud is secured a spur wheel 9. gearing into
another spur wheel 10. mounted on a crank shaft 11. on one end of which is a
spur pinion 12. gearing into a spur wheel 13. mounted on the heald tappet
shaft 14. the healds being mounted and operated therefrom in the usual manner.
On the heald tappet shaft 14. is another spur wheel 15. gearing into a spur
wheel 16. secured on a shaft 17. upon which is also secured two pairs of internal
grooved tappets or cams 18. secured with the grooves opposite each other for the
reception of a cross bar having small pullies thereon. The cross bar is attached to
a lever 19. mounted at one end on a fixed stud 20. the other end of the lever being
coupled by the rods and levers 21. to the links 22. the sliding block 23. in each
link is coupled to the lathe frame 24. by means of rods 25.
The links 22. are pivoted on studs and when in the position as shown by full
lines, the lathe D. is operated by means of the cranks on shaft 11. actuating the
connecting rods 26. thereby causing the blocks 23 to slide up and down in the said
links 22. thus giving a reciprocating motion to the lathe D. the bottom end of the
links 22. being held rigid by the levers and rods 21, so long as the small pullies
and cross bars are engaged in the circular paths of the tappets or cams 18. but
when the said tappets or cams arrive in the position by which the levers and
rods 21. are moved into the position shown by dotted lines, the movement of the
sliding blocks 23. up and down the links has no effect on the lathe, therefore it
remains stationary until the small pullies are again in the circular path 27. thus
affording longer time for the insertion of the wires across the warp threads, thereby
enabling the speed of the other portions of the loom to be increased to the speed at
which the wires can be introduced across the warp threads during the additional
time allowed for the wire pick.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
The method of increasing the production of cloth in looms for weaving, in which
wires are used for forming the loops or pile by the operation of the lathe D. at a
differential speed by means of eccentric, elliptical or irregular curved circum-
ferential wheels or by means of tappets or cams arranged and applied substantially
in the manner shown and as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 28th day of June 1892
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.