IMPERVIOUS CONCRETE OR CEMENT
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugene McDonnell, of Wallington
Engineer, for the
Farcham, Hampshire, Civil Engineer, for the
IMPERVIOUS CONCRETE OR CEMENT."
Lodge
Invention of
" AN
Sealed the 9th October 1868, and dated the 28th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugene McDonnell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
on the 28th April 1868.
I, EUGENE MCDONNELL, of Wallington Lodge, Farcham, Hampshire,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPERVIOUS CONCRETE OR CEMENT," to be as follows:--
.The
"concrete or cement which I purpose calling "adamantean"
consists in a combination of ground chalk, ground stone, lime, grit,
shingle, and broken stones of all sizes and descriptions, vegetable or
mineral pitch or tar and ground burnt clay. The proportions of the
ingredients will depend principally upon the fineness or coarseness of the
concrete or cement to be used. For the fine concrete or cement the
Price.

page_text: proportions of the ingredients would be as nearly as possible as
follows: Ground chalk, two parts; ground stone lime, one part; grit
and fine shingle, one part; vegetable or mineral pitch or tar, one
part; and ground burnt clay, one part. For coarse concrete or cement
the proportions, excepting the grit and shingle, would be the same;
instead of the grit and shingle there would be used three parts of
coarse shingle and broken stones of all sizes and descriptions.
The pitch or tar is first dissolved in a heated cauldron, and the
other ingredients gradually added, keeping the stones, grit, and shingle
for the last; the mass is constantly stirred by hand or machinery, and
when sufficiently melted and mixed is taken out of the cauldron with
ladles and laid with a spatula or hand float; or the concrete may be
run into blocks of any convenient size, which when cold is laid in a
similar manner to pitching or paving, the grouting and joining being
accomplished with the finer cement or concrete. Blocks may also be
formed for re-use with all the materials except the grit, shingle, and
stones, and when required to be re-used are broken into pieces and
remelted with a small portion of pitch or tar, the grit, shingle, and
stones then added, and when thoroughly mixed is laid in one continuous
surface, or run into blocks of any required size and thickness.
The fine concrete or cement may be used for floors, roofs, covering
damp courses, brickwork, all description of paving, and in all cases
where it is necessary to retain or exclude water.
The coarse concrete or cement may be used as a pavement for
public streets either for foot or carriage traffic, and for all places subject
to great wear and tear.

page_text: The manufacture of the adamantean concrete or cement is as follows:
-One-half of the pitch and tar required is melted in a caldron and the
other materials gradually added (which should be previously mixed and
heated), constantly stirring the mass and adding more pitch until the
desired proportions are obtained. The material is either run into moulds
for subsequent use, or spread at once over the surface intended to be
covered. This material can also be formed into tiles, mouldings, and
all architectural decorations, and ground or polished in the manner
adopted by masons for polishing stones. These tiles, mouldings, &c.,
can be laid or grouted in the same cement as they are composed, or in
ordinary cement or mortar.
This concrete or cement may be made for re-use as follows:-Having
first made the concrete or cement without the addition of broken or
ground stone or grit I remelt it in a caldron and add the broken stone
in a heated state and use it as above mentioned by either running it into
moulds for tiles, mouldings, and architectural decorations, &c., ог
spreading it over the surface intended to be covered. The same
process is adopted in manufacturing the ornamental concrete or cement,
using resin and the necessary mineral substance to give it the desired
color instead of vegetable or mineral pitch and tar. This ornamental
concrete or cement can be formed into tiles, mouldings, and all
architectural decorations, and ground, polished, laid, or grouted, as above
mentioned.
The fine concrete or cement can
be used for tiles, mouldings,
architectural decorations, floors, roofs, covering damp courses, brickwork,
all description of paving, and in all cases where it is necessary to retain
or exclude water.
The coarse concrete or cement may be used also for tiles, mouldings,
architectural decorations, as well as for pavement for public streets
either for foot or carriage traffic, and for all purposes subject to great
wear and tear.
Having thus fully described the particulars and nature of my said
Invention, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise proportions of the materials to be used in making the
concrete or cement, as it may be necessary to increase or decrease the
proportions according to their quality, my object being to obtain a solid
material devoid of all interstices; but what I claim is, the manufacture
of an impervious concrete or cement, ornamental or otherwise, of the

page_text: peculiar combination of materials and for the purposes herein-before
fully described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eugene McDonnell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
EUGENE MCDONNELL. (L.S.)