IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE WORKING OF ENGINES AND FOR INDICATING THE DIRECTION OF REVOLUTION AND SPEED OF THEIR DRIVING SHAFTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Chadburn, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Optician, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR REGULATING THE WORKING OF ENGINES AND FOR INDICATING THE
DIRECTION OF REVOLUTION AND SPEED OF THEIR DRIVING SHAFTS.”
Sealed the 9th April 1874, and dated the 22nd October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Chadburn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd October 1873.
I, WILLIAM CHADBURN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE WORKING OF ENGINES. AND FOR
INDICATING THE DIRECTION OF REVOLUTION AND SPEED OF THEIR DRIVING SHAFTS,"
to be as follows :—
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved construction of
governor for regulating the supply of steam to steam engines, and is
particularly applicable to marine engines; and, secondly, in connection

page_text: with such governor, or an equivalent therefor, to apparatus that will
indicate the speed of rotation and also the direction of rotation of the
driving shaft.
The governor consists of two hoops, set one within the other, and
pivotted to the ends of a bar, which is keyed to a rotating shaft. These
hoops are each connected by a link to a sliding collar carried by the shaft
to which the before-mentioned bar is keyed. Between this collar and
the bar is a coiled spring, the tendency of which is to thrust the collar
away from the bar. As rotary motion is given to this shaft from the
engine to be regulated, the pivotted hoops will be rotated, and as the
speed of their rotation increases the hoops will recede from the shaft
and approach a plane that is transverse thereto. In making this
movement the hoops will draw the collar towards the bar to which
they are pivotted, but so soon as the speed of rotation slackens the
coiled spring, overcoming the centrifugal force acquired by the pivotted
hoops, will cause the collar to recede from the fixed bar. The sliding
motion of this collar may be transmitted through a rock lever and
connecting rod to the slide valve of the engine, or the rock lever may
serve to work the throttle valve of the engine, and therchy regulato
its speed.
When it is desired to indicate the direction of rotation of the driving
shaft and the speed of the engine, which information is very important
on shipboard, an indicator is fixed at any convenient part of the vessel,
and connected by cords or chains with the apparatus to be presently
described.
The rock lever of the governor I connect at its lower end with a
second collar, which is free to slide on a rock shaft. The rock shaft
and collar being so fitted together as to ensure the rocking of the collar
with the shaft. This second collar carries or forms the boss of a
transverse rock bar, the opposite ends of which alternately drop into
the V shaped projections carried by a pair of sliding racks. These
racks gear into a spur wheel, which is made fast to a band pulley; and
attached to this pulley is a chain or cord which is led up to a chain
wheel or pulley, to the axle of which the hand of the indicator is secured.
The indicator dial is graduated and marked to show both the speed
of the engine and also whether the vessel is going ahead or astern.
The spindle of the governor is fitted. with a friction driver, which
.

page_text: according to the direction of rotation of the spindle will tip the rock shaft
cither to one side or the other and cause the transverse bar to engago
with one or other of the two racks. This transverse rock bar serves to
transmit the sliding motion of the governor to one or other of the rock:
bars before-mentioned, and thereby to drive round the chain pulley in
one or other direction. Thus the direction of motion will be indicated
on the dial, and also the amount of motion of the governor or speed
of the engine. It will be readily understood that this result may be
obtained by the use of well known governors, provided they are
furnished with a driver for working the rock shaft of the indicating
apparatus.
It may be desirable to provide the indicating apparatus with a bell
action, for announcing the fact of a material change of speed or a
reversing of the direction of working of the engine. To meet this
requirement I have designed a double bolt striker, which will be set
in action by the rotation of the chain wheel or pulley on the axle of the.
indicator hand. Projecting from the periphery of this pulley are pins,
which are intended to strike against a projection of one of a pair of
elastic levers, which bear severally against a collar formed on the bell
strikers. These strikers are free to slide in fixed guides, and they are
held in an advanced position by means of coiled springs. When
either of the levers is tripped by reason of the rotation of the chain
pulley it will on escaping the tripping pin press against the collar of
the bolt with which it is connected and draw it back, so soon however.
as the collar is free the bolt will move forward and strike the bell...
The same effect will be produced when the reverse action of the chain
pulley takes place, the other bolt then coming into action on the
bell.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Chadburn, Her special licence
that I, the said William Chadburn; my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Chadburn, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE WORKING OF ENGINES AND FOR INDICATING
THE DIRECTION OF REVOLUTION AND SPEED OF THEIR DRIVING SHAFTS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Chadburn, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
· NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Chadburn, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of governor for
regulating the supply of steam to marine and other engines, and for
working an indicator which will show the speed of rotation and also
the direction of rotation of the driving shaft of the engine governed.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation.
of my improved apparatus; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, some.
of the parts being removed; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section, taken in
the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1.
A, Figures 1 and 3, is a, horizontal shaft receiving rotary motion
through a band wheel B from the marine engine intended to be
regulated; C, C, are two hoops, set one within the other, and pivotted

page_text: to the ends of a bar C¹, which is keyed to the shaft A: These hoops
are shown in edge view at Fig. 4, and are free to move on their pivot
pins; D, D, are link rods, which serve to connect the loops C; C, to
a sliding collar D₁ carried by the shaft A. Between this collar and
the bar C is a coiled spring A', 'the tendency of which is to thrust the
collar D¹ away from the bar. As rotary motion is given to this shaft
from the engine to be regulated the pivotted hoops will be rotated, and
as the speed of their rotation increases the hoops will recede from the
shaft and approach a plane that is transverse thereto. In making this
movement the hoops will draw the collar D¹ towards the pivot bar C¹,
but so soon as the speed of rotation slackens the coiled spring, over-
coming the centrifugal force acquired by the pivotted hoops will cause
the collar to recede from the bar C¹. The sliding motion of this collar
is transmitted to the slide valve of the engine through a rock lever D³
and connecting rod D³, shewn in red at Fig. 1, an annular groove being"
made in the collar to receive pins from the forked end of the rock
lever; or the rock lever may serve to work the throttle valve of the
engine, and thereby regulate its speed.
In order to apply the action of the governor to the working of an
indicator which will shew the direction of rotation of the driving shaft
and the speed of the engine (which information is very important on
shipboard) an indicator is fixed at any convenient part of the vessel,
and connected by cords, chains, or equivalent means, with the
apparatus shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3, the details of which will be
presently described.
To the lower end of the rock lever D³ I connect by means of link
rods D and a metal strap D³ a second collar E, which is free to slide
on a squared rock shaft F; the rock shaft and collar being so fitted.
together as to ensure the rocking of the collar with the shaft. This
collar E forms the boss of a transverse rock bar E¹, the opposite ends of
which alternately drop into the V shaped projections carried by a pair
of sliding rack bars G, G. These rack bars gear into a spur wheel H,
which is mounted loosely on a stud axle. Cast with or attached to
this spur wheel is a band pulley H¹ which carries a chain or cord that
leads up to a chain wheel or pulley I of the indicator, shewn at Fig. 5,
Sheet II. To the axle of this pulley the hand or pointer I* is
secured.

page_text: The indicator dial is graduated and marked to show both the speed
of the engine and also whether the vessel is going ahead or astern.
The shaft A (Figures 1 and 2) is fitted with a friction driver K, the
metal strap K¹ of which connects by a looped extension with an arm F
keyed to the rock shaft F. Thus according to the direction of rotation
of the shaft A the friction driver K will tip the rock shaft either to
one side or the other and cause the transverse rock bar E¹ to engage
with one or other of the two rack bars G, G¹. This transverse rock
bar serves by reason of its connection with the collar D₁ to transmit
the sliding motion of that collar to one or other of the rack bars before
mentioned, as the case may be, and thereby to drive round the
pulley H¹ in a direction corresponding to that of the rotation of the
shaft A. The connection of this pulley with the indicator by means
of a band chain, or equivalent means, will ensure the proper working.
of the indicator, Fig. 5, and thus the direction of motion will be
indicated on the dial, and also the amount of motion of the governor
or speed of the engine. It will be readily understood that this result
may be obtained by the use of ball or other well known governors,
provided they are furnished with a driver for working the rock shaft
of the indicating apparatus.
It may be desirable to provide the indicating apparatus with a bell
action, for announcing the fact of a material change of speed or a
reversing of the direction of working of the engine. To meet this
requirement I have designed the arrangement of double bell striker,
shewn in elevation at Fig. 6, and in cross section at Fig. 7. Projecting
from the side of the chain wheel or pulley I on the axle of the indicator
hand I* are pins %, which are intended to strike against a projection
on the boss of a rock lever L, the opposite ends of which bear severally
against a collar or nut carried by the bell strikers L', L. These strikers
are free to slide in fixed guides M and elastic guides N, and they are
held in an advanced position by means of coiled springs O, O. This
arrangement is contained within the bell P, which is secured in the
case of the indicator in any approved manner. It will now be seen
that when by reason of the rotation of the pulley I the lever L is rocked
it will draw back one of the bell strikers, and so soon as the tripping
pin has passed the projection on the boss of the lever L the retracted
striker will move forward and strike the bell. The same effect will be
produced when the reverse action of the chain pulley takes place, the

page_text: other striker then coming into action on the bell. The elastic guide
piece N serves to prevent the strikers from resting against the bell P
after delivering their blow, and thereby producing a dull chattering
sound.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of " Improvements
in Apparatus for Regulating the Working of Engines and for Indicating
the Direction of Revolution and Speed of their Driving Shafts," and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be
understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I
claim.
First. The arrangement of apparatus, above described with reference
to Sheet I. of the Drawings, for controlling the working of engines and
causing the speed and direction of rotation of their driving shafts to
be shown upon an indicator.
Secondly. The bell indicator, constructed and operating as described
with referenceto S eet II. of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Chadburn, have hercunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.