IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND STAMPING SOAP, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHARGING AND DISCHARGING APPARATUS USED IN VARIOUS OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Oleaver, of the Firm of Frederick
Samuel Cleaver and Sons, of Red Lion Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Wholesale Perfumers and Soap Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND STAMPING
SOAP, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHARGING AND DISCHARGING APPARATUS USED IN
VARIOUS OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS."
Scaled the 11th November 1870, and dated the 17th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cleaver
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th May 1870.
I, FREDERICK JOHN OLEAVER, of the Firm of Frederick Samuel
5 Cleaver and Sons, of Red Lion Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Wholesale Perfumers and Soap Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING
AND STAMPING SOAP, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, PART OF SUCH IMPROVE-

page_text: MENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHARGING AND DISCHARGING APparatus Used In
VARIOUS OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS," to be as follows:-
The Invention mainly relates to improved machinery for moulding
and stamping soap. A table or platform on which are moulds or sockets
to receive the soap is rotated by a pawl and ratchet wheel driven by i
connections from a motion or driving shaft. When the pawl drops into
a notch in the whocl it causes it to turn and thereby move the platform
through gearing, but when the pawl passes over the wheel without
contact with the notch the wheel and the platform are stopped. To
stop the platform effectually a stud or projection is forced by a spring
into a hole or slot in its periphery. Motion imparted by a rocking or
oscillating lever worked by a cam on the motion shaft counteracts the
spring and drives back the stop when the platform is to revolve. On
the revolving platform are moulds for the soap, each consisting of a
collar frame-piece, or as it is technically called "ring," in which is an
under mould piece preferably fixed in a cylinder fitted in the platform,
and having a friction roller which acts in an inclined or cam path round
the platform axis so as to raise or depress the cylinder and the bottom
mould. A plunger or rod; .bar, or arm, having up-and-down motion and
carrying at its lower end the die, mould, and stamp, or shaping and
stamping piece, is actuated by a; double cam or two-winged cam which
causes the plunger, or stamper to. perform two rapid or quickly suc-
ceeding down strokes, thereby shaping and stamping the soap presented
to it by the revolving table or platform. The plunger is held up when
the motion shaft is arrested by the handle which engages and disengages
that shaft, being so held up through a series of cranks which throw the
plunger out of gear with its driving cam: To relieve or discharge the
moulds from the soap moulded and stamped therein a pair of fingers,
rods, or bars are used, fitted in slots or guides in an axis worked by a
cam, or by a disc formed with a cam path and actuated by the motion
shaft. The, slotted axis performs a partial revolution, that is to say, it
swings or moves the fingers towards and from the moulds. An arc-
shaped, segmental, or curved bar or piece is mounted on the axis of
the fingers, and is moved so as to perform a partial revolution by another
cam or disc formed with cam path, actuated by the motion shaft. The
two cams, or rather the two cam paths, are so contrived and disposed
that when the fingers are being swung or turned forward and backward
-tlie curved piece is stationary, and while on the other hand the fingers
f
.
I

page_text: are stationary the curved piece is moving. This curved piece is narrower
towards its ends than elsewhere, so that when the ends of the fingers
pass over the wider part they are distended or made to recede by a
spring or guide, their opposite ends approaching each other. The fingers
are thus moved forward towards the moulds on the table, and then
approach cach other to grasp the soap, they then move back, carrying
the soap with them; and then open or recede to drop the soap into a
receiver.
The soap, moulding, and stamping apparatus may be applied to
other similar purposes, and the finger apparatus may be used for
charging and discharging in various machines and for various manu-
facturing operations when substances have to be fed or removed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick John Cleaver in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JOHN CLEAVER, of the Firm of Frederick Samuel Cleaver and Sons, of
Red Lion Street, in the County of Middlesex, Wholesale Perfumers and
Soap Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick John Cleaver, Her special licence,
that I, the said Frederick John Cleaver, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick John Cleaver, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and. no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND STAMPING SOAP, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES; PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHARGING AND
DISCHARGING. APPARATUS USED IN VARIOUS OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS;"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick John

page_text: Cleaver, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain tho naturo of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick John Cleaver, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the letters and Figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The Invention mainly relates to improved machinery for moulding
and stamping soap. A table or platform on which are moulds or sockets
to receive the soap is rotated by a pawl and ratchet wheel driven by
connections from a motion or driving shaft. When the pawl drops into
a notch in the wheel it causes it to turn and thereby move the platform
through gearing, but when the pawl passes over the wheel without
contact with the notch the wheel and the platform are stopped. To
stop the platform effectually a stud or projection is forced by a spring
into a hole or slot in its periphery. Motion imparted by a rocking or
oscillating lever worked by a cam on the motion shaft counteracts the
spring and drives back the stop when the platform is to revolve. On
the revolving platform are moulds for the soap, cach consisting of a
collar or frame pieco, or as it is technically called "ring," in which is
an under mould piece fixed in a cylinder fitted in the platform, and
having a friction roller which acts in an inclined cam path formed
round the platform axis, so as to raise and depress the cylinder and the
bottom mould when required to take the blow of the plunger. A plunger
or rod, bar, or arm (herein-after called stamper), having up-and-down
motion, and carrying at its lower end a die, mould, stamp, or stamping
piece (or a mould and stamping piece) is actuated by a double cam ar
two-winged cam, and performs two rapid or quickly succceding down
strokes, thereby shaping (or helping to shape) and stamping the soap
presented to it by the revolving table or platform. This plunger or
stamper is held up when the motion shaft is arrested by the handle,
which engages and disengages that shaft, and is so held up by a series of
cranks which throw the plunger or stamper out of gear with its driving

page_text: cam. To relieve or discharge the moulds from the soap moulded and
stamped therein a pair of fingers, rods, or bars are used, fitted in slots
or guides in an axis worked by a cam, or by a disc formed with a cam
path and actuated by the motion shaft. The slotted axis performs a
partial revolution, that is to say, it swings or moves the fingers towards
and from the moulds. An arc-shaped, or segmental, or curved bar or
picce is mounted on the axis of the fingers, and is moved so as to
perform a partial revolution by another cam, or by a disc formed with a
cam path actuated by the motion shaft. The two cams, or the two cam
paths, are so contrived and disposed that when the fingers are being
swung or turned forward and backward the curved piece is stationary, or
nearly so, and while on the other hand the fingers are stationary, or
nearly so, the curved piece is moving. This curved piece is narrower at
or towards its end, than elsewhere, so that when the short or back ends
of the fingers pass over the wider part they are distended, and when
they pass over the narrower part of the curved piece a spring causes tho
longer or front ends to recede from each other. The fingers are thus
moved forward towards the moulds, and then approach each other to
grasp the soap, they then move back, carrying the soap with them, and
then open or recede from each other to drop the soap into a receiver.
The soap moulding and stamping apparatus may be applied to other
similar purposes, and the finger apparatus may be used for charging
and discharging in various machines and for various manufacturing
operations when substances have to be fed or removed.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify machinery constructed ac.
cording to my Invention.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine; Figure 2, side clevation
on the fly wheel side; Figure 3, side elevation on opposito or driving
wheel side; Figure 4, back view; Figure 5, vertical section, shewing
the cam, the levers 1* and 1³, and certain other parts herein-after
described; Figure 6, vertical section, shewing stamper c and its cams;
Figure 7, horizontal section taken above the rotating table; Figure 8,
corresponding vertical section; Figure 9, horizontal section of the table,
and Figure 10, elevation of same, shewing the cam paths; Figure 11
side elevation, and Figure 12 plan of the fingers; Figures 13 and
14 show the gripping ends of the fingers; Figure 15 developed view
of the segment s. Figures 7 to 10 inclusively are on a scale twice
the size of that of Figures 1 to 6 inclusively, and Figures 12 to 15

page_text: inclusively are on a scale four times as large as those of the said
Figures 1 to 6. In Figures 1 to 6 several details are omitted in order
to show more clearly the parts represented.
a is the lower frame of the apparatus; bis the bed plate to which the
frame a is bolted; c, arched upper frame bolted to the frame a; d, driving
wheel keyed on a driving shaft e, on which is also a fly wheel f; g, crank
which drives a connecting rod h and actuates a lever i, i*, carrying a
weighted pawl which imparts intermittent motion to a ratchet wheel &³
mounted on a shaft which carries a bevel wheel driving a bevel
wheel. By these arrangements rotary motion is communicated to 1
the table or platform k. This table or platform works on an axis
supported in the bed plate b. The table carries moulds which by
the rotation of the table are brought in turn under the stamper e³.
When the pawl is engaged in the ratchet wheel and set in motion
the table rotates, but when the pawl is disengaged from the ratchet
wheel the table stops. In order to stop it more effectually and hold
it steadily a spring bolt is used which is driven by the spring into one
of the holes *, in the periphery or edge of the table . The bolt is
guided towards and into the holes * by inclined slots 7, also formed
in the periphery of the table; 1* is a lever which releases the bolt .
It vibrates on an axis & driven by a lever worked by a cam l mounted
on the shaft e. Each mould on the table consists of two parts, a
stationary part, technically called a ring, m fixed to the table and a
moveable bottom m* fixed to a lifting piece m² (cylindrical or otherwise
shaped) moved round by the table as the latter revolves. Each lifter
carries a roller m³ which works upon or on the upper side of a cam
path n formed on a stationary block ² fixed on the bed plate b. This
motion is for the purpose of raising the lifter which is carried round
by the rotation of the table k, and at a part of the rotation it works
beneath a cam path n*, likewise formed on the block for the purpose
of depressing the lifter; n³ is a stud fixed on a², under which the friction
roller m³ passes to prevent the lifter from being raised by the sucking or
exhausting action of the stamper when raised from the mould. While
the stamping operation proceeds, that is, while the stamper descends to
strike the soap the lifters are bedded firmly on the bed plate so as to
offer strong resistanco to the blow. It is best to add a pillar between
the bed plate 6 and the ground to strengthen the machine underneath
the point at which the stamper acts. After the stamper has risen the

page_text: rotation of the table causes the lifters m³, m³, to travel on the upper
side of the path n so as to lift the moveable bottom m*, and push up
the soap ready for removal from the mould by the finger apparatus
herein-after described. Afterwards the lifters are caused to descend by
the passage of their rollers on tho under side of the path n*. The
plunger or stamper e³ carries at bottom a stamp die or mould or a mould
and a stamp which stamps and helps to mould the upper part or surface
of the soap in the moulds m on the table . It is guided at its upper
part by an opening in the frame c through which it works, and near its
lower end by an opening'in a cross frame bar c*. The driving shaft e
carries a double cam or two-winged cam e*, which revolves and raises
the stamper, and it allows the stamper to drop twice with rapidly
succeeding strokes (so as to give two rapidly succeeding blows or down
strokes). This is effected as follows:-, Figures 1, 4, 6, are plates or
checks on the stamper, between which the cam e* works. The shaft e
passes through slots formed in the cheeks which allow the rising and
falling motion of the stamper to take place. Between these cheeks is
a friction roller c* against which works the cam e*. The force of tho
blow of the stamper is regulated by a counterbalance weight e³ which
is adjustable, and which is carried by a lever eª vibrating on a bracket of
fixed to the frame c. The parts e³, c³, c³, are shewn in Figures 2 and 4
only.
In order to throw the stamper out of gear with the other working parts
of the machine, so that it may be stationary when required, the following
arrangement shewn in Figures 1, 3, and 4, is adopted; o is a stopping
lever mounted on a shaft o* which carries a lever o³ which draws down a
rod o³ as also one end of a vibrating or rocking lever o connected
therewith, the opposite end of this lever o* rising. This end of the lover
is in duplicate, or is formed of two limbs, one on each side of the machine.
These limbs act on and lift the rods o³, which are arranged in pairs on
cach side of a central line Figure 3. These rods are jointed to the
stamper, and raise it and keep it raised all the time that the lever o is
retained by a detent (not shewn in the Drawing). The rocking lever o*
rocks on a shaft oª which carries a crank o' which through an adjusting
rod os and lever o' actuates a friction clutch o", and disengages it from
the driving pulley d, so that the latter may turn loosely on its shaft, and
move without working the machinery.
I nonood to deserike the finger onnanatus on annematus for soloving

page_text: the moulds, and the arrangements for driving the same.
On the shaft e
is a spur wheel p, which is in gear with a spur wheel p" mounted on a
shaft p³ revolving in bearings fixed to the frame c. This shaft p³ carries
a cam block p³, on each of the two faces of which is a cam path or
groove. In cach of these two cam paths works a roller or stud on levers q
and respectively, whereby these lovers q, r, are raised and depressed.
The levers are rocked upon a shaft p*, and produce the two separate or
independent motions of the finger apparatus now about to be described.
These fingers which are mounted at one side of the table and between
it and any convenient surface or receiver are a pair of short rods or
bars t, t, and they are actuated so that they first swing their grasping
ends towards the moulds on the table, then they close or approach each
other and grasp the soap presented to them by the bottom m* of the
mould as it rises, they then swing back carrying the soap with them,
and when their grasping ends are over the receiver those ends open or
separate and drop the soap (which they held) on or into the receiver.
These motions are contrived by the following means:-The lever q actuates
a rod q* which moves a lever q³ on an axis q³, which carries a toothed
segment q* to which a swinging motion or partial revolution in both
directions of motion alternately is thus imparted. This segment works
a toothed pinion 95 mounted on an axis q' which carries a segmental
block s.
Slots are formed in the axis q, through which the bars t, t,
pass, and they are hinged therein by pins 97. This motion causes the
fingers to swing or move towards and from the moulds mas indicated
by the dotted arcs and the arrows Figures 1, 4, and 11. The lever r works
a rod which drives a rocking lever, actuating a rod ³, working a
lever on a shaft 75 which carries a lever 7 connected with a rod or
link, (Figures 1, 3, 11, and 12), which thus receives alternating motion.
The segment & is free to move loosely on the axis 7. The segment & is
not of equal breadth throughout, but it is narrower at the ends than at
the main or greator portion of its length (Figure 15), hence its edges
present cam surfaces forming paths for the travel of friction rollers t* at
the shorter ends of the fingers t, t, only one such roller is shewn in
Figure 12, the other being removed in order that the shape of the
segments may be better shown. One end of one finger or bar tis
broken off in Figure 12 to shew this arrangement more clearly; f is a
spring fixed on the segments, and serving to separate the longer ends
of the fingers t, t, as those vibrate on the axes q', the spring keeps the
opposite or short ends of the fingers (with their friction rollers) well on
8

page_text: the cam paths. When the rollers approach. the widest part of the
segment 8, the shorter, outer, or heel ends of the fingers are opened or
caused to recede from each other, and the spring. will be compressed,
and the longer or grasping ends of the fingers will approach each other
as shewn by the arrows, Figure 12. The purpose of this motion is to
allow the fingers to bring their grasping ends near each other, so that
they may seize the soap and carry it away with them in their next
motion; " is an endless receiving band which may be used to receive the
soap when abandoned by the fingers, and to carry it off where required.
At the grasping ends of the fingers are adjustable sockets P, vibrating
on hinge pins or joints t. These sockets are adjusted by screws t³,
and
held by pinching screws to. They receive tips t which are fastened in
the sockets by screws . The configuration of these tips may be varied
as desired, but in the particular form shewn in the Drawing, each tip is
provided with a little plate to, the surface of which is corrugated so that
it may grasp the soap. The plates are jointed to the tips so as to
accommodate themselves to the soap to be lifted.
:
Of course the cams are so <shaped and disposed, and the relative
'motions of the parts of the machine so timed that the operation may be
proceeded with in the required order as described. The table revolves
till it brings each mould in turn under the stamper. While the table
is stationary the stamper performs two rapidly succeeding blows on the
soap in the mould. While the stamper is rising to prepare for its next
stroke the tablo continues its revolution so as to present to the fingers
the mould that had been under the stamper. The bottom of the mould
rises to present the soap resting thereon to the fingers and the fingers,
which swing their grasping ends towards the soap close on or grasp it,
and then'swing back to the band or receiver and open and drop the soap
(which they held) thereon.
These fingers arranged and working substantially as described, may
be used for charging or feeding as well as for discharging or relieving
moulds or other receptacles or appliances, and they may be employed
in manufactures, and for purposes other than soap making or moulding
or stamping.
The machine though described for moulding soap may be used for
moulding and stamping other products capable of similar manufacturing
f

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,―
1
First. The arrangement and combination of parts for driving and
stopping the revolving mould table, substantially as described.
Second. The arrangement and combination of parts for actuating
and controlling the stamper by a two-winged or double cam,
described.
as
Third. The arrangement and combination of parts for keeping the
stamper raised or out of gear with the rotating or driving shaft, as
described.
Fourth. The arrangement and combination of parts for lifting and
lowering the moveable bottoms of the moulds, substantially as described.
Fifth. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
finger apparatus or discharging appliance, and the arrangement of
parts for working the same, herein-before described, such finger
apparatus or discharging appliance being also applicable for charging
purposes.
Sixth. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the improved machinery herein-before described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cleaver, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
Witness,
E. EDMONDS,
68, Fleet Strect.
FRED. JNO. CLEAVER. (L.S.)