Improvements in Type-writers for the Use of the Blind, partly applicable to Ordinary Type-writers.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 15th Feb., 1895
Improvements in Type-writers for the Use of the Blind, partly
applicable to Ordinary Type-writers.
I, ERNEST GEORGE MATTHEWSON of 31 Palace Road Upper Norwood in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of my invention is to construct a type-writing machine for the use of
the blind, so that a blind or seeing person may easily and rapidly write with the
machine in such a manner that a blind person may be able to easily read that which
has been written by the machine.
And to carry my invention into effect, I construct my improved type-writer as
follows:
The principle upon which it works is that of the "Braille" code which consists
of a series of dots indented in a specially prepared paper. The alphabet and other
signs being represented by one to six dots placed in varying positions. These dots
are impressed into the paper which being specially prepared retains the impressions,
and these signs are read by the sense of touch upon the reverse or raised side of the
paper.
By the use of this code, I am enabled to greatly simplify my machine as the
whole code only consists of six dots. Only six keys are required to be manipulated
besides the key for spacing between the words and the key for shifting the spaces
of lines, or this latter key may be dispensed with and that part made automatic as
hereinafter described, and it will thus be seen that the mass of keys usual in
ordinary type-writers is done away with.
The keys in my machine are so arranged that either any or all may be depressed
at the same time, three fingers of each hand being always kept upon them and the
action is similar to playing the keys of a cornet but there are two sets of three keys
each set being operated by each hand.
To a suitable base board I attach two uprights one at either end and these
uprights carry a long, circular bar upon which slides a drum, this drum is made
with two end pieces accurately fitted to revolve and slide upon any part of the long
bar, these two ends are held apart a little wider than the length of the sheet of
paper to be used by a long narrow plate fixed at each end to the drun ends and
this long narrow plate carries a clip under which one edge of the paper is placed.
The paper.is then carried round the drum to the plate again which is provided
with a second clip to hold the opposite side it will thus be seen that the paper
forms the body of the drum except where the affixing plate on bar is and the
ends hereinbefore mentioned support the drum upon the circular rod the drum
being the correct diameter to carry the width of paper desired. The circular
rod attached to the base board is about twice the length of the drum so that
any part of the drum may be brought to the centre part of the circular rod upon
which it slides.
In the centre of the base board the frame carying the keys.is attached, it consists
of an upright framework, fixed to the base on either side of the drum carrying a
hinged frame over the drum into which the key levers and their attachments are
fitted, the object of the hinged frame being to allow of the whole of the key

page_text: mechanism being thrown back leaving the drum free for attaching and detaching
the paper and also examining the work as it proceeds if necessary.
The hinged frame is simply a piece of metal in the form of a rectangular oblong
the two long sides and the outer end being in one piece the other end is formed by
the upright frame attached to the base and the hinged frame is attached to it by
passing a bolt through both which serves as the hinge. Within this hinged frame
the levers are fitted six in number, three at equal distances a little each side of the
centre thus leaving a larger space between them in the centre. These levers are
all binged by a bolt passing through the frame a little forward of the main hinge
upon which the frame works. The one inside and one outside levers are the
shortest, being brought only about an inch over the widest part of the drum the
next two levers to the short levers are a little longer and the other two a little
longer still. Thus the keys which are fixed under these levers come in two lines of
three each, each key in front of the other. These keys are supported from the
levers by light metal frames and underneath each key there is a rod running through
holes in a plate brought down from the main hinged frame and over this rod between
the lower plate and the key a light spiral spring is fitted. The rod under the key
keeps the keys in a vertical position when depressed acting as a guide and the spiral
spring raises the key and lever again after it has been depressed by the finger.
Under the six levers to which the keys are attached six more levers are fitted but
these levers instead of being straight are U shaped, they are in two sets of three
each-cach three U levers fitting one within the other, one set is hinged by a bolt
passing through them near their bases nearly under the bolt carrying the key levers
one extremity being connected by connecting plates to each of the three key levers
on one side of the centre the other extremity of the U levers comes round and forms
a row of three lever ends nearly over but just to one side of the centre of the drum,
under the extremities of these levers suitable points are fitted for indenting the
paper. At an equal distance on the opposite side of the centre of the drum a second
series of three U levers are hinged similarly and connected to the remaining three
key levers, this set comes round and forms a set of three lever ends in line just on
the other side of the centre of the drum to the before-mentioned three U levers.
These ends also have fitted indenting points fixed on the under side. It will thus
be seen that by the depression of any key the key lever will be brought down and
that in turn carries down its U lever and the indenting point upon the U lever end
brought in contact with the paper, it will also be seen that any one point can be
brought down separately, or any number up to the whole six simultaneously. The
plates connecting the U levers to the key levers are attached at different distances
from the fulcrum of the latter so as to equalise the stroke the key levers being of
different lengths this arrangement is preferable so that the depression of each key
may be the same.
Upon the main central shaft exactly under the part where the indenting points
fall a small table is fixed this table is fixed to an upright fitted on the centre of the
shaft and is curved to the radius of the inside of the paper forming the body of the
drum. It is also indented in six places the indentations being exactly under the 6
indenting points when depressed, so that the paper being between the table and
the indenting points will be indented to correspond with any or either of the
indenting points depressed by the key levers.
When any one or more of the keys are depressed and raised by their springs
the drum carrying the paper is caused to revolve a proper distance for spacing
between each series of dots representing a letter or abbreviation according to the
code as follows.
To one drum end preferably the left hand end I fit a toothed wheel preferably a
little larger in diameter than the drum, an arm extending a little beyond this toothed
wheel works loosely upon a boss formed on the drum end to this arm two rods are
bolted one to each end of the arm and these rods run the whole length of the drum
one on either side and are fixed at their other end to a similar double arm working
on a boss upon the opposite drum end thus making a frame along the sides and each

page_text: end of the drum which frame may partially revolve round the drum; upon the arm
extending to the back of the drum on the toothed wheel end I attach a special pawl
arrangement which engages in the toothed wheel, and it will be seen that if either
of the side bars constituting the frame are depressed the pawl will cause the
drum to revolve, a second pawl is arranged to check the first and hold the drum
locked while the paper is being indented.
The movement of this frame necessary for shifting of a space is effected by an
arrangement under the key levers. A crank is carried by a bolt extending across
the frame carrying the key levers and a lever is attached to this crank which com-
municates any movement given to the crank to the rod forming one side of the
swing frame hereinbefore described an extension is made under each of the key
levers to work upon the crank so that any or all of the key levers will depress the
crank when they are depressed the crank through its lever communicating this
movement to the swing frame, the movement of the swing frame causing the check
pawl to engage the toothed wheel holding the drum in position, upon the pressure
being released the keys are lifted by their springs and the swing frame is brought
back into its normal position by a spring attached to the arm this latter movement
engaging the driving pawl and shifting the drum one space. A separate key may
be provided for shifting more than one space or the swing frame may be actuated
in this case by the hand, by pressing it down its full extent which revolves the
drum, the proper distance to pass the clip, it is then pressed forward, the herein-
before mentioned crank piece engaging the large teeth on the frame being provided
with lateral play to allow a forward movement of one line and a spring to carry it
back as the frame is depressed again when it engages the next large tooth which is
the distance between the lines from the next. As the side rods run the whole
length of the drum it will be seen the spacing movement will always be actuated
no matter what position the drum is in along the main shaft upon which it slides
and revolves. It is necessary to shift three spaces to pass the clip holding the
paper on the drum and a bell is provided to warn the user a few spaces before this
part is reached.
The shifting for the lines is carried out in two ways, the first is as follows:
The rod which forms the front side of the swing frame herein before described
has a serrated edge the form being that of large teeth, such tooth representing
the width between a line, between these teeth affixed to the main key and lever
frame a pawl works and when desired to shift a line the pawl is lifted out of gear,
the drum is then moved along until the pawl falls into the next tooth, or instead
of the large teeth a rack may be cut upon the edge of the bar of the swing frame
which engages in a pinion which may be revolved by a small hand wheel one
revolution giving the necessary movement to the drum. The second method of
arranging for the lines is applicable to all kinds of type-writers and by its use a
considerable saving of time and trouble is effected, and is carried out as follows:
Instead of mounting the paper upon the drum perfectly square as in the before-
mentioned arrangement, 1 mount it the width of a space between the lines out of
square so that when fastened round the druin the end of one line joins the beginning
of the next one beneath it, it will thus be seen that the whole of the lines upon a
sheet form a spiral line from top to bottom of the drum. In this case no shifting
for lines is required at all and no returning the roller back to the commencement
of each line as in ordinary type-writers. To carry out the proper working of this
arrangement the spindle carrying the drum instead of being plain as in the foregoing
arrangement, has a spiral upon it corresponding in pitch to the spiral line formed
by the lines of the paper the drum ends are made to engage in this spiral and so at
each movement for spacing between the letters the druin is moved along the shaft
so that the indenting points or type always fall upon the line, but so that they
should always be perfectly upright the shaft in this instance is not parallel with the
sides of the machine, but is fixed by its uprights upon the stand or base sufficiently
out of parallel to compensate for the amount the line falls out of square with the
indenting points or type. Thus the printing will appear perfectly upright when the

page_text: sheet is removed from the drum and the whole sheet is written upon from beginning
to end continuously without having to shift or return for each line.
With the previously described arrangement of mounting the drum, it will be
seen that it is not necessary to return to the commencement of cach line as when
the space of a line is shifted and the extra spacing for passing the clip that holds
the paper, the next line is in position for starting, this arrangement is also applicable
to any form of type-writer, but when used for ordinary type-writers the toothed
wheel arrangement at the end of the roller would be arranged so that the roller
revolved the reverse way to a machine made for type-writing for the blind as with
the latter it is necessary to write backwards, because the indentations are made
upon the outside of the roller and it is read by feeling the opposite side of the
paper which becomes embossed. In the machine for the blind both sides of the
paper are used by an arrangement as follows: The roller is half the width of
the distance between the lines too long for the paper and when the paper is first
mounted it is fixed hard up to one end it is then type-written as described, it is
then turned over and fixed hard up to the opposite end of the roller and thus
type-written again so that the type-written indentations come just between the
opposite side lines and each side then contains alternate lines of embossed and
indented dots, the embossed or rais d ones are only felt by the fingers, but the
whole of the paper is used, thus effecting a great economy of paper.
Various modifications may be made, and any suitable materials used, always
preserving the essential features of my invention.
Dated this 15th day of February 1894.
H. T. TALLACK,
10, Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in Type-writers for the Use of the Blind, partly
applicable to Ordinary Type-writers.
I ERNEST GEORGE MATTHEWSON of 31 Palace Road, Upper Norwood, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described aud
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to construct a type writing machine for the use of
the blind, so that a blind or seeing person may easily and rapidly write with the
machine in such a manner that a blind person may be able to easily read that
which has been written by the machine.
And to carry my invention into effect, I construct my improved type writer as
follows:-
The principle upon which it works is that of the "Braille" code, which consists
of a series of dots indented in a specially prepared paper. The alphabet and other
signs being represented by one to six dots, placed in varying positions. These
dots are impressed into the paper, which being specially prepared retains the
impressions, and these signs are read by the sense of touch upon the reverse or
raised side of the paper.
By the use of this code I am enabled to greatly simplify my machine as the
whole code only consists of six dots. Only six keys are required to be manipulated
besides the key for spacing between the words, and the key for shifting the spaces
of lines, or this latter key may be dispensed with and that part made automatic as
hereinafter described; and it will thus be seen that the mass of keys usual in
ordinary type writers is done away with.
The keys in my machine are so arranged that either any or all may be depressed

page_text: at the same time, three fingers of each han 1 being always kept upon them and the
action is similar to playing the keys of a cornet, but there are two sets of three
keys, each set being operated by each hand.
To a suitable base board I attach two uprights, one at either end and these
uprights carry a long circular bar upon which slides a drun, this drum is made with
two end pieces accurately fitted to revolve and slide upon any part of the long
bar, these two ends are held apart a little wider than the length of the sheet of
per to be used, by a long narrow plate fixed at each end to the drum ends and
this long narrow plate carries a clip under which one edge of the paper is placed.
The paper is then carried round the drum to the plate again, which is provide l
with a second clip to hold the opposite side, it will thus be seen that the paper
forms the body of the drum except where the affixing plate or bar is and the ends
ereinbefore mentioned support the drum upon the circular rod, the drun being the
correct diameter to carry the width of paper desired. The circular rod attached
to the base board is about twice the length of the drum, so that any part of
the drum may be brought to the centre part of the circular rod upon which it
slides.
In the centre of the base board the frame carrying the keys is attached, it
consists of an upright framework, fixed to the base on either side of the drum
carrying a hinged frame over the drum into which the key levers and their
attachments are fitted, the object of the hinged frame being to allow of the whole
of the key mechanism being thrown back leaving the drum free for attaching and
detaching the paper, and also examining the work as it proceeds if necessary.
The hinged frame is simply a piece of metal in the form of a rectangular oblong,
the two long sides and the outer end being in one piece, the other end is formed by
the upright frame attached to the base and the hinged frame is attached to it by
passing a bolt through both, which serves as the hinge. Within this hinged frame
the levers are fitted six in number, three at equal distances, a little each side of the
centre, thus leaving a larger space between them in the centre of the oblong frame.
These levers are all hinged by a bolt passing through the frame a little forward of
the main hinge, upon which the frame works The one inside and one outside
levers are the shortest being brought only about an inch over the widest part of the
drum, the next two levers to the short levers are a little longer and the other two
a little longer still. Thus the keys which are fixed under these levers come in two
lines of three each, each key in front of the other. These keys are supported
from the levers by light metal frames and underneath each key there is a rod
running through holes in a plate, brought down from the main hinged frame and
over this rod between the lower plate and the key a light spiral spring is fitted.
The rod under the key keeps the keys in a vertical position when depressed, acting
as a guide and the spiral spring raises the key and lever again after it has been
depressed by the finger. To the under part of the outer ends of these levers the
finger plates are attached, three on each side of the under part of the frame for use
with both hands, three keys being manipulated with each hand and if desired
connecting pieces may be carried up through the cover of the frame and another
set of finger plates in the same relative positions, but being all open, may be
manipulated with one hand, the position of the finger plates or keys being the same
as the impressions appear upon the paper, when it is held vertically, but is in reality
transverse to the position as the paper is fixed in the machine.
Under the six levers to which the keys are attached six more levers are fitted
but these levers instead of being straight are U shaped, they are in two sets of
three cach, each three U levers fitting one within the other, one set is hinged by a
bolt passing through them near their bases nearly under the bolt carrying the key
levers, one extremity being connected by connecting plates to each of the three
key levers on one side of the centre, the other extremity of the U levers comes
round and forms a row of three lever ends, nearly over but just to one side of the
centre of the drum, under the extremities of these levers suitable points are fitted
for indenting the paper. At an equal distance on the opposite side of the centre

page_text: of the drum a second series of three U levers are hinged similarly and connected
to the remaining three key levers, this set comes round and forms a set of three
lever ends in line just on the other side of the centre of the dram to the before
mentioned three U levers. These ends also have fitted indenting points fixed on
the under side. It will thus be seen that by the depression of any key, the key
lever will be brought down and that in turn carries down its U lever and the
indenting point upon the U lever end brought in contact with the paper, it will also
be seen that any one point can be brought down separately, or any number up to
the whole six simultaneously. The plates connecting the U levers to the key
levers are attached at different distances from the fulcrum of the latter so as to
equalise the stroke, the key levers being of different lengths this arrangement is
preferable so that the depression of each key may be the same.
It
Upon the main central shaft exactly under the part where the indenting points
fall, a small table is fixed to an upright fitted on the centre of the shaft and is
curved to the radius of the inside of the paper forming the body of the drum.
is also indented in six places, the indentations being exactly under the six indenting
points when depressed, so that the paper being between the table and the
indenting points will be indented to correspond with any or either of the indenting
points depressed by the key levers.
When any one or more of the keys are depressed and raised by their springs the
drum carrying the paper is caused to revolve a proper distance for spacing between
each series of dots representing a letter or abbreviation, according to the code as
follows:-
To one drum end, preferably the left hand end, I fit a toothed wheel, preferably
a little larger in diameter than the drum. An arm extending a little beyond this
toothed wheel works loosely upon a boss, formed on the drum end, to this arm two
rods are bolted, one to each end of the arm and these rods run the whole length of
the drum, one on either side and are fixed at their other end to a similar double
arm, working on a boss upon the opposite drum end thus making a frame along the
sides, and each end of the drum, which frame may partially revolve round the
drum. Upon the arın extending to the back of the drum, on the toothed wheel end
I attach a special pawl arrangement which engages in the toothed wheel, and it
will be seen that if either of the side bars constituting the frame are depressed the
pawl will cause the drum to revolve, a second pawl is arranged to check the first
and hold the drum locked while the paper is being indented.
The movement of this frame, necessary for shifting of a space is effected by an
arrangement under the key levers; a crank is carried by a bolt extending across
the frame carrying the key levers and a lever is attached to this crank which
cominunicates any movement given to the crank to the rod forming one side of the
swing frame hereinbefore described, an extension is made under each of the key
levers to work upon the crank, so that any or all of the key levers will depress the
crank when they are depressed, the crank through its lever communicating this
movement to the swing frame, this movement of the swing frame causing the pawl
to engage the toothed wheel, driving the drum one space and throwing into gear
the check pawl holding the drum in position, upon the pressure being released the
keys are lifted by their springs and the swing frame is brought back into its normal
position by a spring attached to the arm.
A separate key may be provided for shifting for spaces or for moving the drum
more than one space or the swing frame may be actuated in this case by the hand.
As the side rods run the whole length of the drum it will be seen the spacing
movement will always be actuated no matter what position the drum is in along
the main shaft upon which it slides and revolves. It is necessary to shift three
spaces to pass the clip holding the paper on the drum and as this part of the
paper is at the end of each line the movement is combined with the shift for line
movement which is carried out as follows:-
The toothed wheel at the driving end of the drum has three of its teeth backed
off so that the check or locking pawl slips these three teeth. The rod which runs

page_text: the whole length of the drum in front forming the front side of the swing frame
hereinbefore described has a serrated edge, the form being that of large teeth, each
tooth representing the width between a line, the narrow space between each toot.
engages a guide piece fixed vertically upon the inner front part of the frame
supporting the key and other levers, this guide piece is carried down beyond the
distance of the movement of the swing frame for the ordinary spacing, as that
cannot exceed one space at a time owing to the locking or check pawl arrang
ment but where the three teeth are backed off the locking pawl does not act ani
therefore the swing frame may be depressed three times the distance of a singie
space. This movement is made by pressing the front rod of the swing frame down
by hand and during its travel it goes below the fixed guide which engages the
space between the teeth, and over a second guide piece directly under it this second
guide is fixed to a pivotted arm attached to the base of the machine and this arm
has a lateral movement, the distance of the space between one tooth and the next,
and it will be seen that when the rod of the swing frame is depressed by hand
sufficient to engage the lower guide it may be moved as far as the pivotted arm
carrying the guide will allow, which is the distance of one line along the main bar,
the movement of the swing frame carrying the drum with it, when the hand
pressure is released the swing frame raises to its normal position and as it comes up
the next space between the teeth on the rod engages the fixed guide, thus releasing
the moveable guide, which returns to its position under the fixed guide by means of
a spring; a bell is provided to warn the user a few spaces before this part is
reached.
A second method of arranging for the lines is applicable to all kinds of typewriters
and by its use a considerable saving of time and trouble is effected, and is carried
out as follows:-Instead of mounting the paper upon the drum perfectly square as
in the before mentioned arrangement, I mount it the width of a space between the
lines out of square so that when fastened round the drum the end of one line joins
the beginning of the next one beneath it, it will thus be seen that the whole of the
lines upon a sheet form a spiral line from top to bottom of the drum.
In this case no shifting for lines is required at all and no returning the roller
back to the commencement of each line as in ordinary typewriters. To carry out
the proper working of this arrangement, the spindle carrying the drum instead of
being plain as in the foregoing arrangement has a spiral upon it corresponding in
pitch to the spiral line formed by the lines of the paper, the drum ends are made to
engage in this spiral and so at each movement for spacing between the letters the
drum is moved along the shaft so that the indenting points or type always fall in
their proper position upon the line, but in order that they should be at right angles
to the lines, the shaft is not placed parallel with the sides of the machine, but is
fixed by its uprights upon the stand or base sufficiently out of parallel to com-
pensate for the amount the line falls out of square with the indenting points or
type, or the indenting points or type may be arranged out of square and the main
shaft parallel with the machine, which would have the same effect. Thus the
printing will appear perfectly upright when the sheet is removed from the drum
and the whole sheet is written upon from beginning to end continuously without
having to return for each line.
When this part of my invention is used for ordinary type writers, the toothed
wheel arrangement at the end of the roller would be arranged so that the roller
revolved the reverse way to a machine made for typewriting for the blind, as with
the latter it is necessary to write backwards, because the indentations are made
upon the outside of the roller and it is read by feeling the opposite side of the
paper, which becomes embossed. In the machine for the blind both sides of the
paper are used by an arrangement as follows:-The roller is half the width of
the distance between the lines too long for the paper and when the paper is first
mounted it is fixed hard up to one end, it is then typewritten as described, it is
then turned over and fixed hard up to the opposite end of the roller and thus type-
written again so that the type written indentations come just between the opposite

page_text: side lines and each side then contains alternate lines of embossed and indented dots,.
the embossed or raised ones are ouly felt by the fingers, but the whole of the
paper is used, thus effecting a great economy of paper.
Various modifications may be made, and any suitable materials used, always
preserving the essential features of my invention.
In the accompanying drawings,
Sheet 1 Fig. 1. represents a side elevation of my typewriter.
Sheet 1 Fig. 2. a plan with covering case of levers and upper keys removed.
Sheet 1 Fig. 3. an end view from driving end of drum.
Sheet Fig. 4. cross section showing disc for keeping paper in position under
indenting points and table upon which indenting points fall.
Sheet 2. Figure 1 is an enlarged end view from driving end of drum showing
more particularly the driving pawl F and check pawl G arrangement, and the guide
rod and line spacing rod M and M¹.
Sheet 2. Fig. 2 is a plan of the lever N carrying line spacing rod M¹.
Sheet 2. Fig. 3 is a side view of part of the double crank arm W and frame
piece X with depressing piece R connected to main key levers this being the
driving movement through the keys, which is put in motion by the depression of
any of the keys thus depressing the swing frame H.
Sheet 2. Fig. 4 is a view of the same mechanism for spacing actuated by the
separate spacing lever V, this lever works between the two sets of 3 key levers, so
that the movement of either key lever R or the spacing key V has the same effect
which is to depress the crank arm W this movement being communicated to the
swing frame H through X. The depression of that side of the swing frame H
causes its opposite side carrying the driving pawl to raise as it is centered on the
same spindle as the drum E. the pawi F then drives the drum E the distance of its
movement and as the pawl F raises the check pawl G is drawn into gear with the
teeth of the drum end E by the wire J'and spring J thus locking the drum in this
position during the rest of the stroke of the key levers during which time the
indenting of the paper takes place. When the key levers are released the swing
frame returns to its normal position by a spring attached to it, connected with the
base. The driving pawl then is drawn over the teeth of the drum which movement
is allowed by the spring I and when it has descended sufficiently the lower tail
piece of F comes in contact with the tail piece of the locking pawl G and drives it
out of gear. The upper tail piece on pawl F is for the finger to lift the pawl by
should any backward movement be required. The ordinary movement com-
municated to the crank arm W by the key levers or spacing key is the distance of
one tooth of the drum E and that does not allow the swing frame H in gear
with M to go below that rod by reason of the locking pawl G. When however
the clip that holds the paper on the drum comes up to the indenting points it is
necessary to move three spaces to clear it and also as this happens at the end of
the lines it is necessary for the drum to be shifted along its spindle the distance to
the next line. This movement is carried out as follows when the clip D Sheet 1
Fig. 1 comes up to the indenting points three teeth on the drun end E shown
backed off in the lower part of the drum end in Fig. 1 Sheet 2 are next to the
locking pawl G so that when the swing frame H is depressed it is not locked until
the fourth tooth or first ordinary tooth past those backed off comes round,
consequently the swing frame H has a much greater movement which carries the
paper clip past the indenting points at the same time the opposite side of the swing
frame H has moved right off guide rod M and is engaged over M' the swing
frame is then moved to the right which movement is allowed by the swivel lever N
and is controlled by two stops shown in plan in Sheet 2 Fig. 2 and as the swing
frame raises again the next tooth H Sheet 1 Fig. 1 engages the rod M which is
the distance from one line to the next, and as the swing frame leaves M' the lever N
springs back to its normal position by the spring attached to N. The movement
of the swing frame H along the main shaft carries the drum E with it and this
movement is effected by hand.

page_text: slides.
Similar letters denote corresponding parts throughout the drawings. A. A. base
plate. B. B. main shaft, upon which drum C C. carrying paper,
D D. clip for paper connecting drum ends. E E. tooth wheel for driving drum
through pawl catch F. and locking pawl G. by movement of frame, H H.
1. spring for drawing pawl F into gear with toothed driving wheel E. J. spring
for drawing locking pawl G into gear with driving wheel E through wire guide J.
K K. supports for main shaft. L L guide rod along which locking pawl slides.
H' teeth on front of frame H for spacing between lines engaging in fixed rod M.
and on the frame H being depressed down sufficiently to cause the teeth of H to
engage in M' the lower rod in line with M, which lower rod is fixed upon swivelling
lever N with lateral movement sufficient to allow the frame H on being drawn
along by hand to move sufficiently to engage the next tooth when it raises by a
spring fixed at the back of frame to base board. 00. the uprights carrying the
key frame P P. which is made to hinge back upon bolt Q Q. RR. the key levers
U U. the upper keys
engaging through connecting rods S S. the U levers T T.
for manipulation with the fingers, engaging the key levers U₁ U' the lower set of
keys for the same purpose. V V. the key for shifting for spaces which depresses
the crank arm, W by the curved part at its lower end, which in turn depresses the
Y is the circular
frame piece X X, which again in turn depresses, the frame H H.
disc for supporting and keeping in position the paper, and Z the table for receiving
the indenting points at ends of U levers T.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) The arrangement in combination with apparatus for type-writing for the
blind, of the open drum C working on shaft B passing under the key levers and
apparatus connected thereto, for indenting the paper affixed to the drum by means
of clip D.
(2.) The arrangement in combination with type-writers for the blind of the key
levers R actuating the U levers T through connecting rods S.
(3.) The arrangement in combination with type-writers for the blind, of the
drum carrying the paper being mounted upon a spindle carrying a screw thread
and of mounting the paper upon the drum transversely, sufficiently off the square
to cause the end of one line to meet the beginning of the next so forming a spiral
of the lines which enables the whole sheet to be type-written without returning the
drum for each line.
(4.) The arrangement in combination with ordinary type-writers of the drum
carrying the paper being mounted upon a spindle carrying a screw thread and of
mounting the paper upon the drum transversely, sufficiently off the square to cause
the end of one line to meet the beginning of the next so forming a spiral of the
lines which enables the whole sheet to be type-written without returning the drum
for each line.
(5.) The arrangement in combination with type-writers for the blind of making
the drum for carrying the paper the required amount longer than the used,
paper
to enable the paper to be fixed upon it, touching first one end for embossing it on
one side, and then the opposite end for embossing it the reverse side so that the
obverse and reverse sides alternate, thus enabling double the amount to be put
upon each sheet of paper.
(6.) The arrangement of the finger plates or keys in combination with type-
writers for the blind in the same relative positions as the dots or impressions have
to appear upon the paper for reading by the sense of touch.
(7.) The arrangement in combination with apparatus for type-writing for the
blind of the driving pawl F actuated by the depression of the frame H and the
check or locking pawl G for locking the drum during the operation of indenting
the paper.

page_text: (8.) The type-writing apparatus substantially as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 6th day of December 1894.
H. T. TALLACK,
10, Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.