IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A communication from abroad
by David Renshaw, of Hingham, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th April 1874.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND
FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication, to bo
as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to means for producing the
instantaneous generation of steam for engines. I employ a globe or

page_text: equivalent vessel having a filling of bone charcoal. Water is introduced
into this globe through a perforated pipe and injected through the
charcoal filling, and thereby instantly converted into steam, the globe
being contained in a reverberatory furnace, which is heated to the
required temperature. In some instances the globe and induction pipe
are arranged in combination with a steam drum. I sometimes employ a
straight horizontal pipe arranged to feed at one end and blow off at the
being contained in a reverberatory furnace, which is heated to the
required temperature. In some instances the globe and induction pipe
are arranged in combination with a steam drum. I sometimes employ a
straight horizontal pipe arranged to feed at one end and blow off at the
other end.
The second part of the said Invention relates to a furnace for burning
superheated steam and carbons, hydrogen oil, and the like, and other
fuels giving off intense heat having an injurious effect on iron boilers,
and consists in a furnace provided with an arch or diaphragm interposed
between the flame of the fuel and the boiler or other vessel to be heated,
said arch is to be made of materials having good conducting powers, and
at the same time but slightly or not at all subject to injury from
heat or flame so as to conduct a large portion of the heat imparted to it
by the burning fuel beneath and radiate it upon the boiler above.
The third part of the said Invention relates to a combined furnace
and steam generator, in which the smoke from the furnace or usual
waste products of combustion will be wholly or in a great measure con-
sumed; and in which the feed water for the generator will be heated in
pipes located beneath the grate. The said furnace is constructed with
double walls, between which is a space for the passage of the smoke and
usual waste products of combustion. The smoke ascends in the first
instance through an opening in the apex of the inner walls of the furnace,
descending thence through the space between the walls, and returning to or
over the grate through suitable openings in said inner walls. I arrange a
steam pipe or pipes to injects steam into the furnace through the openings
by which the smoke or other products are returned to the furnace, creating
a strong draft in said openings and in the space between the walls,
serving also to decompose the smoke and waste products of combustion and
producing an inflammable gas, by the burning of which the heat of the
furnace is increased. The feed water pipes are located beneath the grate,
receiving heat therefrom on their upper surfaces, and are made to com-
municate with the basc sections of the water wall of tho. furnace by
means of a pipe which conveys the feed water to said sections, and by
which the sediment is conducted to the said feed water pipes.

page_text: The fourth part of the said Invention relates to means for econo-
mizing fuel in the generation of steam. I apply the fuel to a super-
heater, from which leads to a steam generator a pipe or pipes. These
pipes convey superheated steam and radiate sufficient heat to convert
the water in the generator into steam. The superheated steam pipes
enter or come in contact with the generator first at its top crown, so
as to give the greatest heat to the upper part of the water. These
pipes lead back from the generator to the superheater and discharge
their contents into the latter to be reheated to their maximum degree,
thus keeping up a constant circulation of superheated steam from and
back to the superheater. Flues are arranged beneath the generator for
utilizing the waste heat of the superheating furnace.
The fifth part of the said Invention relates to means for obtaining an
automatic feeder for steam boilers, also to heating the feed water before
it is injected into the boilers. A horizontal pipe in the steam chest of a
boiler has its openings closed by the rising of the water. When the
water falls steam enters these openings and passes thence to a syphon
pump, raising water from a well or reservoir to a height sufficient (tho
steam pressures being equalized) to cause it in falling to force its way
into the boiler. Before entering the boiler however the water is con-
ducted in pipes running through flues for carrying off the waste gases of
the furnace. By this means the water is raised nearly or quite to the
boiling point before entering the boiler.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 15th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in tho
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special

page_text: "
licence that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert Lake,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, t
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THERE WITH, a communication to me from abroad by David Renshaw,
of Hingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, upon the 1
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Robert Lake,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed 1
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, forming part of this Specification.
The first part of this Invention relates to means for producing the
instantaneous generation of steam for engines. I employ a globe or
equivalent vessel having a filling of bone charcoal. Water is introduced a
into this globe through a perforated pipe and injected through the
charcoal filling, and thereby instantly converted into steam, the globe
being contained in a reverberatory furnace which is heated to the
required temperature. In some instances the globe and induction pipe
are arranged in combination with a steam drum. I sometimes employ a
straight horizontal pipe arranged to feed at one end and blow off at the
other end.
The second part of the said Invention relates to a furnace for burning
superheated steam and carbons, hydrogen oil, and the like, and other
fuels giving off intense heat having an injurious effect on iron boilers,
and consists in a furnace provided with an arch or diaphragm interposed
between the flame of the fuel and the boiler or other vessel to be heated;

page_text: said arch is to be made of material having good conducting powers, and
at the same time but slightly or not at all subject to injury from heat or
flame, so as to conduct a large portion of the heat imparted to it by the
burning fuel beneath, and radiate it upon the boiler above.
The third part of the said Invention relates to a combined furnaco
and steam generator in which the smoke from the furnace or usual waste
products of combustion will be wholly or in great measure consumed,
and in which the feed water from the generator will be heated in pipes
located beneath the grate. The said furnace is constructed with double
walls, between which is a space for the passage of the smoke and usual
waste products of combustion. The smoke ascends in the first instance
through an opening in the apex of the inner walls of the furnace,
descending thence through the space between the walls and returning to
or over the grate through suitable openings in said inner walls. I arrange
a steam pipe or pipes to inject steam into the furnace through the open-
ings by which the smoke or other products are returned to the furnace,
creating a strong draft in said openings and in the space between the
walls, serving also to decompose the smoke and waste products of com-
bustion, and producing an inflamable gas by the burning of which the
heat of the furnace is increased. The feed water pipes are located
beneath the grate, receiving heat therefrom on their upper surfaces, and
are made to communicate with the base sections of the water wall of the
furnace by means of a pipe which conveys the feed water to said sections,
and by which the sediment is conducted to the said feed water pipes.
The fourth part of this Invention relates to means for economizing
fuel in the generation of steam. I apply the fuel to a superheater, from
which I extend to a steam generator a pipe or pipes. These pipes convey
superheated steam, and radiate sufficient heat to convert the water in
the generator into steam. The superheated steam pipes enter or come
in contact with the generator first at its top or crown, so as to give the
greatest heat to the upper part of the water. These pipes lead back
from the generator to the superheater and discharge their contents into
the latter to be reheated to their maximum degree, thus keeping up a
constant circulation of superheated steam from the back to the super-
heater. Flues are arranged beneath the generator for utilizing the
waste heat of the superheating furnace.
The fifth part of this Invention relates to means for obtaining an
automatic feeder for steam boilers, also to heating the feed water before

page_text: it is injected into the boilers. A horizontal pipe in the steam chest of a
boiler has its openings closed by the rising of the water. When the
water falls steam enters these openings and passes thence to a syphon
pump, raising water from a well or reservoir to a height sufficient (the
steam pressures being equalized) to cause it in falling to force its way b
into the boiler. Before entering the boiler, however, the water is
conducted in pipes running through flues for carrying off the waste
gases of the furnace. By this means the water is raised nearly or quite
to the boiling point before entering the boiler..
Referring to the Drawings in Figures 1 and 2, which illustrate the 1
first part of my Invention, A represents a reverberatory furnace of the
usual or any suitable construction having a grate B; C represents
a globe of cast metal having open flanged projections or pipes c, c,
by which communication is had with the horizontal supply pipe D
and steam drum E; F represents the induction pipe located within
the globe and its lower projection as shown closed at its upper end
or termination, but having minute perforations f. f, whose aggregate
capacity is equal to the water delivery desired; G represents a filling of
bone charcoal in the globe C, being placed loosely therein.
The operation is as follows:-Water being held in the horizontal and
induction pipes a fire is started in the furnace and when sufficient heat
has been attained, and steam begins to be generated from the induction
and horizontal pipes, the feed pump is started, forcing water through the
horizontal pipe, where its temperature is raised to a considerable extent,
thence through the induction pipe F from which it is discharged in
minute jets which are instantaneously converted into steam and rise to
the drum D. I have named bone charcoal as the filling for the globe
because this is the best material for the purpose with which I am
acquainted, being a good conductor it receives heat rapidly and gives it
immediate action on the jets of water, being dispersed through it from
the pipe .F. A further advantage of this material is that it may be
raised to a very high temperature and water brought in direct contact
with it without danger. I do not however limit myself to the use of
bone charcoal, but reserve the right of substituting any other material
which will serve the purpose in view. A filling being placed inside the
globe and a high heat communicated to it, it is manifestly impossible
that the water as water can reach the globe; on the contrary the jets
must be converted into steam before reaching the globe, whereby all

page_text: danger that might otherwise result from the sudden contact of water
and metal at a high temperature is avoided.
By graduating the water delivered to the globe by using a lesser or
greater number of jets, the temperature of the steam generated will be
increased or diminished accordingly.
I have illustrated the furnace as containing a single horizontal pipe
and three globes, but I design using any less or greater number that I
please, as for instance a single globe or series of horizontal pipes with
any requisite number of induction pipes and globes. If desirable where
two or more horizontal pipes are employed they may communicate by a
riser or open projection and the feed be supplied through one alone.
It will be obvious that other forms of horizontal pipes besides the
straight ones shown may be employed as a circular pipe in a round
furnace, and the globes and induction pipes combined therewith in the
manner shown for straight pipes.
The drum may be dispensed with as the globes will form a steam
chest as well as generator, but I prefer to use a drum as shown, as a
superabundant supply of steam to draw from is always an advantage in
the eyes of a manufacturer.
In case of a straight horizontal pipe being used I feed at one end and
blow off at the other end, and in the case of the use of a circular. pipe I.
feed and blow off at any suitable point where risers or open projections
can be advantageously employed.
It is obvious that with the filling named, bone charcoal or any
équivalent material, other forms though not as strong as the globe might
be used with safety, as for instance a straight pipe of larger diameter
than the induction pipe, within which said induction pipe would be
placed in the same manner as shown in the globe, and this globe may if
desired may be used as a superheater, the filling being then, preferably
removed.
In Figures 3, 4, 5, illustrating this part of the said Invention,
A represents a reverberatory furnace, and B a boiler placed above the
arch or diaphragm C which is made of plumbago, fire-brick, crucible clay,
or other equivalent material possessing great conducting power with but
slight liability to injury from the flames of the fuel designed to be
employed; D shows a pipe (one of a. series) for conveying the super-

page_text: heated steam and liquid or gaseous fuel to the fire-chamber located
beneath the arch; E, E, arc air holes to admit a supply of oxygen to
support combustion, and d is a door for obtaining access to the fire-
chamber. The front of the furnace as high as the arch is made of the
same materials as the said arch, while the floor is formed of fire-brick or
other material having poor conducting power, so as to retain and give
off the heat to the upper part of the arch; E¹ is the flue or chimney
starting from the base of the furnace and provided with a damper at the
top and an outlet pipe c at the bottom.
The operation is as follows:-A fire is first started in the furnace
beneath the arch and kept going until a leat of 700° and upward is
obtained. The door of the furnace is then securely closed and the gas
or other fuel admitted through the pipe or pipes D, when ignition of
such fuel takes place. The heat therefrom is in a great measure con-
ducted through and radiated by the arch above without permitting the
contact of the flames with the boiler B.
The chimney E' should be formed of fire-brick and provided with a
damper at the top, while that part of it below the entrance for gases
from the furnace may be lined with iron to form a reservoir, so that
should the gases be condensed and water formed before escaping from
the top of the chimney such water will fall to the bottom of the flue and
be carried off by the pipe c to a suitable receptacle.
Referring to Figure 6, which illustrates the third part of this Inven-
tion, A. is the base of the furnace, which is surmounted by the metallic
sectional generators B', which form an arch B open at the apex C.
Outside the arch B is a wall or casing D made of cast metal and designed
to be covered with plaster of Paris or other non-conducting material.
The smoke and waste products of combustion pass through the opening C
in the apex, descending in the space between the arch B and the casing D,
and returning to the combustion chamber through the openings in the
sections B¹. E represents a pipe which conveys steam to the openings
b, b, where it is discharged in such quantities as to utilize fully the
smoke or waste carbon of the furnace, at the same time creating a
positive current through the upper flue. The steam being thus decom-
posed forms with the smoke and waste carbon a valuable inflammable and
heating gas which is consumed over the grate, thereby effecting a very
economical result. F, F, are a series of feed water pipes located beneath

page_text: The
the grate G, which they support, said pipes being supplied at any
suitable point, and communicating with the sections B¹ by means of
pipes g, g, which enter the sides of the pipes F, F, and are screwed into
holes in the bottom or lower part of the sections B'. The feed water in
the pipes F, F, will be heated by the waste heat of the furnace, receiving,
as it will be seen, the caloric thereof on their upper surfaces.
sediment descending from the sections B' will be carried by the pipe g
into the feed water pipes F, F, and deposited on the bottom of the latter
remote from the firc, whereby all danger of burning said sediment on
the feed water heater is avoided. G is the grate, which I prefer to make
the
of a thin slab of plumbago provided with suitable draft orifices g',
advantage of this material consisting in the fact that clinkers will not
adhere to it, and that it will not be cracked by differences of temperature.
K is a wall on each side of the furnace, forming with the base A a flue k,
through which the heavy and unconsumed gases are carried to the
chimney, the top of the flue consisting of tiles with suitable apertures
between them for the passage of the gases. L is the front of the furnace,
having doors M for admission to the grate; and N is a steam drum sur-
mounting the furnace.
In carrying into effect the fourth part of this Invention I employ a
superheater and steam boiler or generator of any suitable construction.
From the superheater to the gencrator or boiler there leads a pipe or
pipes passing through or in such close contact with the generator or
boiler that sufficient heat will be radiated from said pipe or pipes to
convert the water in said boiler or generator into steam.
The pipe or pipes for conveying the superheated steam are brought
into or in contact with the boiler or generator, first at the crown or
upper portion of the latter so as to communicate the greatest heat at
that point, and descend thence to as low a position as may be desired,
which in most, if not in all cases will be above that ordinarily occupied
by the grate.
open
The superheated steam pipe (or pipes) after passing through or along-
side of the boiler or generator, instead of leading into the
air or a
the
flue, returns to the superheater and discharge thereinto its contents,
3 temperature of which has been reduced by the amount of caloric radiated
upon the boiler or generator. By this means a constant circulation of
steam is kept front and back to the superheater, The current of super-

page_text: heated steam leaves the superheater at a temper of say 800° Fahrenheit, or
higher. By the time it has made its circuit and emerges from or leaves
the boiler its temperature has dropped to say 300° Fahrenheit (for it is
not designed to make the circuit so extensive that the superheated steam
shall in any case fall below 250° Fahrenheit or be allowed to form water
by condensation). It is then at this stage conducted back to the super-
heater, where it has its temperature raised to the maximum degree to
which it is desired to be brought, and is then reconveyed as before to the
boiler or generator, to which it imparts the caloric necessary to convert
the water therein into steam. By this arrangement there is no waste of
the caloric imparted to the superheated steam. What is not taken up
by the conveying pipes or imparted by radiation to the boiler or generator
remains of course in the superheated steam, so that the desired tempera-
ture and circulation once obtained the fuel required is only what is
necessary to raise such superheated steam from a temperature of say
300° to 800° Fahrenheit. It will be more economical to apply the fuel
thus to the superheated steam and allow the latter, as described, to
impart the necessary caloric to the boiler or generator than to put the
fires under the latter, and for this reason the proportion of waste
increases with the area of grate surface.
By diminishing the area of grate surface the amount of heat wasted
will be more than proportionably lessened. Thus while it is true that a
certain amount of heat must be imparted to the water in order to convert
it into steam, it makes a vast difference in result whether the application
of the fuel is directly beneath the boiler or generator, or to superheated
steam in a smaller furnace where the fire can be more perfectly con-
trolled, and where access for cleaning purposes can be more readily
obtained, the increased waste in large furnaces and boilers being due in
a great measure to the imperfect combustion of fuel at the back or at
points remote from the blast, or where the requisite amount of oxygen is
not supplied, and to the fact that the dirt accumulated upon the
surfaces exposed to the fire cannot be kept uniformly cleaned off in
such large boilers or generators, but remains and prevents the free trans-
mission of heat to the boiler.
In Figures 7, 7*, and 7° I have illustrated the means for carrying this
part of my Invention into effect. A represents a circular reverberatory
furnace; B is a globe superheater therein, having inlet and outlet
.extensions B', B³; C is the induction pipe terminating with a blank or

page_text: closed end within the globe, but provided with a series of minute per-
forations C for the passage of the steam; D is the grate; and E, E, are
drop flues for carring off the waste gases and products of combustion; F
represents another reverberatory furnace containing a steam boiler or
generator G, preferably a cast iron sectional steam generator with arch
pipes G', substantially as shown in the Drawing, so as to obtain an
upward circulation through said pipes, and a downward circulation
through the hollow wall H; I represents the supply pipe; and K, K,
flues; L, L, show pipes leading from the superheater to the generator
and entering the latter or coming in contact with it at or near the
crown, so as to communicate the greatest heat to the upper part of the
water contained therein. The pipes L lead through or beside the pipes
G', substantially as shown, and are made of such capacity or length and
surface as to fully yield the required caloric.
I hold it of great importance that the superheated steam pipe or pipes
should enter or come in contact with the crown or upper part of the
generator first, as thereby the water on top in the latter has the greatest
heat, and so holds the greatest amount of steam in saturation, and
thence when relief is suddenly given velocity cannot be added to
pressure.
The pipes L after traversing the furnace as suggested until they have
radiated sufficient heat to convert the water in the generator into steam
lead back to the superheater forming a connection with the pipe M.
Their contents have by this time fallen to say 300° Fahrenheit, or there-
abouts, so that the superheater has merely to restore the heat lost by
radiation, and raise the superheated steam from say 300° to the
maximum temperature desired, say 800° Fahrenheit.
Should a fresh supply of steam at any time become necessary for the
superheater it may be obtained from the drum G³ by means of the
pipe g.
The foregoing description applies to the operation of the devices after
having been fully set going. To start the current of steam in the super-
heater a small quantity of water is let into the globe and converted into
steam, which passes through the pipe or pipes L and back to the globe
B where it is superheated to the required extent. The amount of water
thus introduced in the globe B will be only that which when converted
into steam will be sufficient to fill and keep up a rapid current in the

page_text: globe and pipes L, undue pressure being prevented by a safety valve
placed on the superheater.
The foregoing arrangement of devices may be advantageously
employed for various other purposes besides that of generating steam,
viz., to evaporation or vaporization in the production of salt in sugar and
in soap boiling. The flues E, E, communicate with the flues K, K,
and the waste gases of the former are conducted through the latter, thus
utilizing heat which would otherwise be lost.
A valuable modification or application of the principle of this In-
vention may be made in the case of locomotive or tubular boilers. The
flues in such boilers may be connected by curved pipes or return bends
as to form a continuous conduit, through which the superheated
steam passes, as through the pipes L in a sectional steam generator.
.80
The principle of this Invention may be also applied to cylinder boilers
by causing the pipes for the superheated steam equivalent to the pipes 1
L to pass directly through the water body.
These modifications are shown respectively in Figures 7" and 7.
In carrying into practice the fifth part of this Invention I take first
a curved pipe, one leg of which is of greater diameter than the other,
the end of the larger leg being inserted into the water reservoir or well 2
and the end of the other or smaller leg connecting with a pipe or pipes
leading into the boiler or generator. At a point in the larger leg I form
a vacuum chamber, preferably by bending or curving the pipe to make
a circle; and into the vacuum chamber I lead from the steam drum or
chest over the boiler a pipe whose end terminates in such a position 2
that when steam is admitted through it a vacuum will be formed in said
chamber. The other end of said pipe terminates in the steam chest
forming a connection therein with a horizontal pipe located near the
bottom of said chest, and having openings or open projections on its
under side, which will allow steam to pass into them when the water 3
falls below their level, but which will be closed by the water when it
rises above such level.
The operation of this part of the Invention will be as follows:-When
the water by reason of the formation of steam falls below the level of
the opening in the horizontal pipe in the steam drum steam will enter 3
said pipe, pass thence by the connecting pipes to the vacuum chamber,

page_text: produce a vacuum therein and draw water from the reservoir, which will
be carried up to the apex of the syphon, whence by its superior gravity
(the steam pressure being equalized) it will force its way into the boiler.
As soon as sufficient water has been injected into the boiler to raise it
above the level of the opening in the horizontal pipe in the steam chest
the entrance of steam thereto will be stopped and the vacuum will no
longer. be formed in the vacuum chamber, the feeding of water ceasing
thereupon, instantly to be resumed when the water falls as before by
reason of the formation of steam. The leg or pipe of the syphon between
the vacuum chamber and the water reservoir should be of greater dia-
metrical dimensions than that part between the said chamber and the
boiler, and the apex of said syphon should be of sufficient height above
the water line of the boiler to give a fall sufficient to carry the water
into the boiler. The water descending from the syphon before being
introduced into the boiler passes through a pipe or pipes located in the
flue so as to be heated nearly or quite to the boiling point therein.
Referring to the Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, A represents a furnace and
steam generator, of which B is the steam chest; C is a syphon having
the legs c¹, c, the lower end of the former opening into the water
reservoir or well, and the lower end of the latter communicating with
the horizontal pipe D, from which extend pipes E, E, running through
the flues F, F, emerging therefrom and entering the base pipes or
sections G, G, of the generator. C³ represents a vacuum chamber in
the syphon, into which leads a steam pipe H, the other end of which
terminates in the steam drum at its junction with the horizontal pipe I,
which has openings or open projections i, i; c and are globe or cut-off
valves located respectively at any convenient point on the pipes C²
and H, and designed to shut off the steam and water when from any
cause it is desirable to stop the feeding to the boiler; d is a check valve
in the horizontal pipe D closing to prevent the return of water from the
boiler by reason of back pressure.
The foregoing construction and combination of devices will be found
simple and very effective. The supply of water is at all times controlled
automatically, as the very instant the valve falls below the horizontal
pipe in the steam chest the operation of the syphon pump begins and
continues until the loss of water caused by the generation of steam is
restored. The pressure of the steam against the incoming water being
equalized by the pressure seeking to inject it the force necessary for

page_text: :
injection is obtained by the head or fall of water in the pipe above the
boiler, which is strengthened by the velocity acquired in falling. Before
entering the generator the water is heated to a very considerable extent
by its passage through the flues, thereby utilizing the heat of the waste
gases, which would otherwise be lost.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. A steam generator provided with a filling of bone charcoal or
any equivalent material, so constructed and arranged that steam may be 1
generated instantaneously by bringing jets of water in contact with a
heated substance.
Second. In combination with the globe C having a filling of bone
charcoal or other equivalent material an internal perforated vertical
induction pipe.
Third. The combination with a reverberatory furnace A of the hori-
zontal pipe D, perforated induction pipe F, globe C or equivalent, and
steam drum E.
Fourth. In a furnace for burning gases and similar fuels, an arch or
diaphragm interposed between the burning chamber and boiler or other
vessel to be heated, said arch being made of plumbago, clay, or other
equivalent conducting and radiating material, substantially as described.
1
Fifth. In combination with a casing or exterior wall D, the interior
wall or arch having an opening C at its apex and orifices b, b, for the
return of the smoke and waste products of combustion to the fire, sub- 2
stantially as set forth.
Sixth. In combination with the casing D and wall or arch B having
the opening C and orifices b, the pipe E for discharging steam in and
through said orifices, as set forth.
Seventh. In combination with the sections B₁ and feed water pipes F 3
tho communicating pipe g, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Eighth. The combination of a superheater and steam generator with a
pipe leading from the former to the latter to convey superheated steam

page_text: stantially as shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fourteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
and OT
TO
опа
זמan
ים
Witness,
H. J. NOONE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)