Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Fireproof Protecting Compositions and of Fireproof Articles therewith.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1898-Accepted, 26th Nov., 1898
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Fireproof
Protecting Compositions and of Fireproof Articles therewith.
We, STEFAN JABLONSKI, of 8, Erywańske, Warsaw, Russia, Civil Engineer, and
STEFAN NIEWIAROWSKI, of 10, Danilowiczowska, Warsaw, aforesaid, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to S. Jablonski No. 13065 of
1897, there are described various fireproof protecting compositions and it is explained
that objects to be protected by such compositions were to be first coated with a
preliminary coating mixture consisting of water-glass of 38° Baumé and carbonate
of potassium.
Now according to the present invention there is provided an improved preliminary
coating mixture which is herein called solution No. I and is made by dissolving
about 200 parts by weight of bicarbonate of potash in about 1000 parts by weight
of warm water and mixing with the solution about 2050 parts by weight of water
glass of 40° Baumé and afterwards about 50 parts by weight of varnish.
Instead of using the ordinary, spirit-varnish as described in the said former Specifica-
tion, it is sometimes preferred to employ, both in the above described preliminary
coating mixture and in the fireproof protecting compositions hereinafter described, a
less expensive alkaline varnish which is herein called solution No. II (varnish) and is
made by dissolving about 50 parts by weight of pure soda-lye in about 5000 parts by
weight of cold water, heating the solution up to about 145° F. and mixing with it
about 615 parts by weight of pulverized resin (colophony). The mixture is then
boiled up two or three times at ordinary atmospheric pressure for about two to four
minutes, and during the boiling and mixing operation about 40 parts by weight of
water glass of 40° Baumé are added to the mixture. After cooling the varnish is
ready for use. Although this alkaline varnish is preferred on account of its being
less costly than the spirit varnish, either may be employed in about the same pro-
portions with a similar effect, that is, to cause the fireproof material to swell con-
siderably when under the influence of heat whereby crevices, joints and openings such
as keyholes and the like are filled up by the expanded material.
The improved fireproof protecting compositions are made as follows. One of them,
which is herein called composition No. III, is made by mixing about. 3300, parts by
weight of water glass of 40° Baumé with about 3300 parts by weight of. cold water
and adding about 50 parts by weight of varnish to the mixture. The resulting
solution is warmed (not boiled) and applied at a temperature of about 145° F.
. Another composition, which is called composition No. IV, is made by, mixing
together about

page_text: The several ingredients are rubbed together and mixed with about 250 parts by
weight of cold water, and about 2000 parts by weight of water glass of 40° Baumé
which are gradually added. The resulting composition is used in the condition of a
liquid pulp.
Another composition, which is called composition V, is made by mixing the five
first mentioned constituents in composition No. IV and in the proportions specified,
with about 100 parts by weight of pulverized peat, then mixing the mass with about
250 parts by weight of water and adding about 2000 parts by weight of water glass
of 40° Baumé, or so much of the 2000 parts as will bring the mixture to the con-
sistency of firm pulp or paste.
The raw materials such as pasteboard or wood to be protected by the fireproof com-
positions are first impregnated with solution No. I by means of a broad brush or
other suitable means. The following examples show how the improved fireproof
compositions may be employed.
Wood, after being impregnated as described is smeared with composition No. IV,
and after drying as many coats of such composition can be applied as is necessary to
attain the required degree of fireproofness. After coating a piece of wood three
times with such a solution a very fierce fire can be resisted for 20 minutes.
Pasteboard for covering walls and the like is first impregnated with solution No. I
and then smeared with composition No. III. When one side is dry the other side is
smeared. For greater safety the coat can be repeated. Whilst warm and freshly
coated, the pasteboard remains soft for a time and can then be moulded or formed to
any desired shape. When it dries it becomes stiff and would break on forcibly
bending it.
In manufacturing fireproof plates for chests, cupboards, strong-boxes and the like,
thin plates can be made of pasteboard that has been impregnated with solution No. I,
then covered with composition No. IV and dried and the coating operations repeated
until the pasteboard is about double its original thickness. Finally several freshly
coated pasteboards are laid one upon another in layers of from three to five in
number and left to dry under strong pressure, as in a screw press.
Thick plates are made by applying to one side of the impregnated paste-board a
layer of composition No. V of uniform thickness and of about twice the thickness of
the pasteboard. After drying, several pasteboards thus prepared, say from three to
six, are stuck together with solution No. IV and dried under pressure.
For cash cupboards an intermediate middle layer of wirework or hardened steel
plates can be inserted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of the herein described fireproof and alkaline varnish con-
sisting of soda, water, resin and water glass, substantially in or about the propor-
tions mentioned.
2. The manufacture of the herein described fireproof protecting composition
(No. III) consisting of water glass, water, and spirit varnish or an alkaline varnish
composed of soda, water, resin and water glass, substantially in or about the propor-
tions mentioned.
3. The manufacture of the herein described fireproof protecting composition
(No. IV) consisting of water glass, water, pulverized graphite, yellow ochre (eisen ocker
gelb) pure chalk, sifted ashes and spirit varnish, or an alkaline varnish composed of
soda, water, resin and water glass, substantially in or about the proportions
mentioned and with or without an addition of pulverized peat as set forth.
4. For use with fireproof protecting compositions of the kind herein before
referred to, the herein described improved coating solution No. I consisting of
bicarbonate of potash, water, water-glass and spirit varnish or an alkaline varnish
composed of soda, water, resin, and water glass, prepared substantially as herein-
before described and in or substantially in or about the proportions mentioned.

page_text: 5. Rendering materials such as wood, pasteboard and the like fireproof by first
impregnating the material with the solution No. I specified in Claim 4 and then
coating it one or two more times with one or other of the compositions specified in
Claims 2 and 3.
6. The herein described manufacture of fireproof plates by impregnating sheets
of pasteboard or the like with solution No. I, then coating the impregnated
sheets with composition No. IV, sticking a suitable number of the freshly coated
sheets of pasteboard together, and drying them under pressure, as set forth.
7. The herein described manufacture of thick fireproof plates by impregnating
sheets of pasteboard or the like with solution No. I then coating the impregnated
sheets with composition No. V, allowing the several impregnated and coated sheets
to dry, then causing the sheets to adhere by means of composition No. IV and drying
them under pressure, as set forth whether or not wire work or metal plates be
embedded between the sheets of pasteboard.