IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS, FURNACES AND FLUES, WATER TUBES AND WATER CASING, APPLICABLE AS A STEAM GENERATOR FOR MARINE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS, FURNACES AND FLUES, WATER
TUBES AND WATER CASING, APPLICABLE AS A STEAM GENERATOR FOR MARINE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1874.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS, FURNACES AND
FLUES, WATER TUBES AND WATER CASING, APPLICABLE AS A STEAM GENERATOR FOR
MARINE AND LAND PURPOSES TO UTILIZE THE HEAT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows :—
This Invention of improvements is to construct steam generators or
boilers of great strength, great heating surface, and to improve the

page_text: construction of water tubes, water casing flues and furnaces, with a self-
feeding furnace to prevent smoke.
This Invention of improvements is to construct high-pressure steam
generators or boilers of great strength, great heating surface, so that
from two hundred to three hundred pounds pressure may be with safety
reached and worked, constructing the steam generators or boilers so
that the cylinders or boilers, water tubes and sectional water casing form
their own flues without the use of brickwork, enabling a great heating
surface to be acted upon with one fire, forming one uniform circulation
of the water, and retaining the heated products of combustion within
the steam generators or boilers any required width or length within the
flue passages.
On the 17th of November, 1873, No. 3732, I filed a Specification in
the Patent Office for improvements in steam boilers, and I have obtained
the Great Seal for the same, but believing that those sectional steam
generators or boilers may sooner or later come into general use I feel
it my duty to give particulars more clearly in this Specification,
explaining how they may be constructed and worked. in this Provisional
Specification for which I am now applying for Letters Patent.
I connect. to the cylinders or boilers water tubes with reduced ends,
so that the products of combustions can pass over and under them
betwixt two cylinders or boilers, or I construct the cylinders or boiler
and water tubes to form the flues and water casing. In order that the
same may be clearly understood I have named certain diameters and
heights, but those steam generators may be variously constructed in
separate parts, so that steam generators may be made of any diameter,
length, or width, and the furnace is constructed so as to have a large
combustion chamber.
Secondly. In order to describe my improvements in steam generators
clearly I first construct two cylinders or boilers two feet six inches in
diameter, standing one over another longitudinally, and fixed apart from
cach other eight fect, but they may be constructed standing apart from
cach other from one foot to any number of feet, and at the front end of
the two cylinders or boilers I fix the furnace, which is built or enclosed in
the brickwork or constructed of metal, and on the top cylinder or boiler I
fix a steam chest; the plates on the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler are pierced at safe working distances apart from cach other along
its entire length, the plates are also pierced on the under side of the top

page_text: cylinder or boiler opposite the pierced openings in the cylinder or boiler
fixed underneath; each pierced openings may be of the same diameter, or
I make one smaller than the other. The description of this steam
generator I explain as the water tubes being the same diameter as the
cylinders or boilers, which are two feet six inches in diameter for about
three-fourths their height or depth; I then fix to the top or to the under
side of the water tubes, according to the position in which they are fixed,
short cone or conical, straight, or other shaped tubes or pipes of smaller
diameter to the water tubes to allow the products of combustion to pass,
and such are connected to the top or under side of the cylinders or boilers
in the following manner:-Over the first pierced opening on the top side
of the bottom cylinder or boiler at 'the front end I rivet, bolt, or fix a
water tube two feet six inches in diameter, standing perpendicular six feet,
having a dome shaped end or otherwise formed; the dome shaped end is
pierced. To make it clearly understood I will name it as having an
opening twelve inches in diameter; opposite to this pierced opening on the
under side of the top cylinder or boiler is a pierced opening of eighteen
inches in diameter, and a cone shaped or cinical tube twelve inches in
diameter at one end and eighteen inches in diameter at the other end,
and two feet in length, flanged at each end; the small end of the conc
or conical tube is put through the cighteen inch opening on the inside
of the top cylinder or boiler, and extending two feet, covering the pierced
opening on the top side of the water tube end, and the conc or cinical
water tube is riveted to the dome shaped water tube end; it is also riveted
to the under side of the top cylinder or boiler, causing the water tube to
have the shape and form of a bottle standing crect. The second water
tube is exactly alike in form, but the bottom end of the water tube,
as in the first one, becomes the top end in the second one; as the second
water tube is fixed the reverse way to the first water tube, having the
bottom of the water tube fixed and rivetted over the pierced opening,
two feet six inches in diameter, on the under side of the top cylinder
or boiler, and the water tube with a dome shaped end extends from
the under side of the top cylinder or boiler six feet, the under side
of the dome shaped end is pierced with an opening like the first,
twelve inches in diameter, and the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler is also pierced with an opening eighteen inches in diameter,
and a cone or conical tube twelve inches in diameter at one end and.
eighteen inches in diameter at the other end, and two feet in length,
flanged at cach end like the first, the small end of the cone or conical
-

page_text: tube is put through the eighteen inch opening on the top side of the
bottom cylinder or boiler, and extends two feet, covering the pierced
opening on the under side of the water tube end. The cone or conical
water tube is rivetted over the pierced opening of the dome shaped water
tube end, and it is also riveted to the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler, causing the water tube to have the shape and form of a bottle
standing upside down. The third water tube is exactly like in shape
and form to the first and second water tubes, and is rivetted over a
pierced opening on the top side of the bottom cylinder or boiler like
the first water tube standing like a bottle with the neck upwards. The
fourth water tube is like the second water tube riveted over a pierced
opening on the under side of the top cylinder or boiler standing with
the neck downward riveted to the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler. In this manner any number of water tubes may be fixed betwixt
two cylinders or boilers, so that a steam generator may be made any
required length, width, or height, bracing and securing the cylinders
or boilers and tubes so that a water tube generator is formed in
sectional parts and of great strength; the object in reversing the ends
and necks of the water tubes fixed betwixt the cylinders or boilers is to
cause the products of combustion from the furnace fixed at the front
end to rise up and pass round the cone or conical tube fixed betwixt the
top side of the dome shaped end and the under side of the top cylinder
or boiler, then to pass downwards betwixt the first and second water
tubes until they reach the conical tube fixed to the dome shaped end
standing the reverse way to the first water tube, then the heated pro-
ducts of combustion pass round the cone or conical water tube and rises
up betwixt the second and third water tube, when, on reaching the top
of the third water tube the products of combustion pass round the cone
tube fixed like the first, and in this manner it travels in a serpentine
form any required length, and this form and construction of a steam
generator causes the heat to be evenly spread over every part of the
water tubes, preventing them from becoming coated with sut and dust,
which forms a non-conductor of heat. The cone or cinical tubes when
repairs are required are removed, which allows the six feet water tube
with a dome shaped end two feet six inches in diameter to be easily
removed and replaced.

page_text: diminished in size, which will also allow the water tubes to be fixed
closer together; the cylinders or boilers and the water tubes being all of
the same diameter form their own flues, preventing brickwork from
being used to form the flues or passages round and among the tubes in
the inside.
I have named cone or conical water tubes being used in this first
described steam generator to connect the water tubes and the cylinders
or boilers together; but straight drawn tubes may be used, or any other
shape than conical tubes, to form a reducing tube and to connect the
water tubes to the steam cylinders or boilers.
I have given a clear description of the construction of this one
sectional high-pressure steam generator, and as the same kind of reduced
water tubes I require in the construction of other steam generators
having less reducing tubes fixed in them I have particularly described
them and how they are fixed to one section of a steam generator. But
where a number of steam generators are required to be fixed side
by side only the two sectional steam generators standing at each side
requires to be cased in with brickwork, also the ends, as the sectional
cylinders or boilers at the under side and the top side form their own
flues.
For marine purposes I case in the sides, end, and front with a metal.
water space, having openings through the sides to get into the flues, so
that any required number of such steam generators standing side by
side are entirely felted in.
In making similar steam generators or boilers of smaller diameter for
the products of combustion to travel in a serpentine manner such I
construct of welded iron or steel drawn tubes, or constructed of cast
metal, to cause the products of combustion to travel in a serpentine
manner.
I also construct a steam generator or boiler with water tubes of the
same diameter throughout as the steam generator or boiler, riveted over
pierced openings on the top side of the bottom cylinder or boiler, and to
the under side of the top cylinder or boiler, standing perpendicular
or in a slanting position betwixt the two cylinders or boilers, but instead
of reducing tubes being fixed as on to the dome shaped end for the pro-
ducts of combustion to pass round I fix a tube in and through each
water tube near its end so that the products of combustion pass through
'

page_text: each water tube which is surrounded by water, and the same kind of
tubes pass through the water tubes at the top end of one tube and the
bottom end of another or second tube, causing the products of com-
bustion to travel in a serpentine manner betwixt each water tube the
same as when the products of combustion pass round a cone or conical
or straight reducing water tube.
The steam generator which I have described, with the cylinders or
boilers standing in a horizontal position, may be made to stand on end
and used as a steam raising boiler, or fixed to utilize waste heat from
boiler furnaces, puddling, and other furnaces.
The water tubes I have described as standing in a central position
over and under cach cylinder or boiler to cause the products of com-
bustion to pass over and round the top end of one water tube and the
under side of another water tube, which forms a strong water tube boiler;
but I also place water tubes of less diameter betwixt the cylinders or
boilers, first on one side of the cylinder or boiler and then on the other,
leaving room for the products of combustion to pass, causing them to
travel in a serpentine manner; or I fix a reducing tube on the centre of
two cylinders or boilers for the products of combustion to pass.
The water tubes formed like a bottle may be connected to the under
side of an internal fire-box boiler, and to the top side of a cylindrical
boiler fixed underneath.
-The form and construction of a reduced water shaped water tube with
a cone or conical, straight, tapered, or reduced end or water tubes with
a tube passing through them, is of great importance in constructing a
high-pressure steam boiler for obtaining heating surface a giving great
strength.
Thirdly. I construct four cylinders or boilers and place them side by.
side, with bottle-shaped water tubes fixed betwixt the second and third
cylinders or boilers, which are fixed eight feet apart; the first and second
cylinders or boilers are fixed two feet apart, and are connected together
with short cone, conical, or other shaped tubes; the fourth cylinder or
boiler answers as a steam clicst, is connected from its under side to the
top side of the third water tube cylinder or boiler with short conical or
other shaped tubes.
I fix to the under side of a pierced opening at the front end of the third
water cylinder or boiler a dome-shaped water tube, two feet six inches

page_text: in diameter, having its bottom riveted to the under side, standing like a¯
bottle turned up side down, extending downwards about four feet six
inches; the dome-shaped end is pierced, and I pass a cone, conical, oval, or
straight tube from its pierced opening or its under side to the top side.
of a pierced opening in the second water cylinder or boiler placed under-
neath, and the same is firmly secured to the bottle-shaped water tube.
and to the second water cylinder or boiler, forming a water communi-
cation betwixt the top and under side cylinders or boilers. This domed
or bottle-shaped water tube is to form part of the front end of the
furnace, and when several cylinders or boilers are fixed side by side the
furnace doors are fixed betwixt the projecting water tubes; the air to
the furnace passes in betwixt the reduced water tubes. A large com..
bustion chamber is formed betwixt the second and third cylinders or
boilers; the fire-grate is constructed, for instance, six feet in length,
along the top side of the second cylinder or boiler are pierced openings,
also on the under side of the third cylinder or boiler at safe distances
apart from each other in the same form as the first boiler which I have
described under the heading of Secondly.
:
This steam generator is the same class of boiler as the first one I have:
described except the formation of the furnace and the reducing tubes,.
which are fixed to the top and under side of the dome-shaped water
I form an
tubes, being straight instead of conical or other shape.
additional water cylinder or boiler underneath the second cylinder or.
boiler, and the two are connected together with short water tubes,
forming a flue space betwixt them; the bottom cylinder or boiler rests
on an iron frame, which enables a flue to be formed underneath for
obtaining greater heating surface; also the top cylinder or boiler is
placed as a steam chest, which is connected to the top side of the third
cylinder or boiler with short conical or other shaped tubes.
The water tubes formed like a bottle with straight reducing tubes are
rivetted over pierced openings, first on the top side of the second cylinder
or boiler and then on the under side over pierced openings of the third
cylinder or boiler; but instead of cone or conical or oval tubes they are
straight and are secured to the dome-shaped water tubes, and the under
side or the top side of the cylinder or boiler with a tube expander or,
otherwise fixed; the products of combustion pass up and down betwixt
the two cylinders or boilers, passing betwixt any number of water tubes.
in a serpentine manner until they reach the back end of the cylinder or

page_text: boiler or boilers when they pass betwixt the two cylinders or boilers to
the front end, then pass downwards along the under side of the bottom
boiler which is formed as a flue with a metal frame or gantry, then into.
the flue leading to the chimney.
I have described this steam generator or generators as being two feet six
inches in diameter throughout, but the same may be constructed either of
a smaller or of a larger diameter, and instead of the opening betwixt the
cylinders or boilers being eight feet such may be made much shorter or
higher.
The sides of these four sectional steam generators are cased in with
brickwork, also at the back or the sides of the two outer sectional steam
generators are made up with a metal water casing, also the back end, so
that they can be felted in, made as described in my first-named steam
generators under the heading of Secondly.
Fourthly. I construct a high-pressure water tube steam generator or
boiler or boilers so that a high-pressure steam with great heating surface
is obtained; the large cylinders or boilers are all of one diameter,
say two feet six inches. This steam generator is formed having three
longitudinal cylinders or boilers standing one over another having a
jacketted fire-box, hopper, and self-feed fixed at the front end, and
an upright cylinder or tube fixed at the back end; within is fixed
an internal tube surrounded by a water space pierced at the bottom
and facing the inside to carry off the products of combustion into
the funnel.
Near the back end of those three cylinders or boilers placed one over
another a pierced opening is made on the top side of the bottom cylinder
or boiler, and rivetted over this pierced opening is an upright cylinder
or tube eleven feet nine inches long, and the second or middle cylinder
or boiler is rivetted to its side over a pierced opening eight feet from the
bottom, and the third or top cylinder or boiler having a pierced opening; ;
on its under side is rivetted on to the top of the upright cylinder or
tube, forming a free communication with the three cylinders or boilers;
near to the bottom of this upright cylinder or tube is a pierced opening,
and a pierced opening is formed on the top side of the third steam
cylinder or boiler, an internal tube made up at one end having a pierced a
opening near the bottom end to stand opposite the one in the upright
cylinder or tube, and the tube is passed through the pierced opening in
.

page_text: the top cylinder or boiler, and rivetted; betwixt the upright cylinder or
tube I place a metal ring to form a water space betwixt the tubo and
the upright cylinder, and the three are rivetted together. This external
tube is placed to carry off the products of combustion to the funnel or
chimney. I then fix or rivet at the front end of the three cylinders or
boilers a cylindrical upright boiler containing an internal fire-box; or
pierced opening with a metal ring is fixed near to the top of the fire-box
opening inwards towards and betwixt the first and second water cylinders
or boilers, and the three longitudinal cylinders or boilers are rivetted to
the upright boiler fire-box; the first and second cylinders or boilers aro
rivetted over pierced openings in the upright fire-box side, and the top
cylinder or boiler is pierced on its under side, and the upright fire-box
cylinder boiler is rivetted round this pierced opening forming a free
communication betwixt all the cylinders or boilers. A water space is
formed all round the fire-box, being suitably stayed, and the five.
sectional cylinders or boilers form a free communication the one with
each other.
On the top side of the first cylinder or boiler are pierced openings
at safe working distances apart from each other along its entire length;
also the under side of the second cylinder or boiler is pierced opposite
to those pierced openings on the top side of the first cylinder or boiler
which I construct in the following manner :-On the under side of
the second cylinder or boiler is a pierced opening round which is the
rivetted or dome-shaped water tube like the body of a bottle turned
upside down. The under side of the dome-shaped end is pierced with
an opening of twelve inches in diameter; opposite this opening I
pierce the top side of the bottom cylinder or boiler eighteen inches
in diameter, and I put through this opening in the inside of the
boiler cylinder or boiler a conical water tube two feet in length, and
the same is rivetted to the dome-shapo water tube end, and to the
top side of the bottom cylinder or boiler forming a water tube like
a bottle turned upside down, giving a free water communication. At
a distance of about two feet, standing the reverse way to the one I
have described, is also a water tube two feet six inches in diameter
and six feet long, rivetted over a pierced opening on the top side of
the bottom cylinder or boiler, having a dome-shaped end which is
pierced with an opening of twelve inches in diameter; opposite this
pierced opening on the under side of the second cylinder or tube I

page_text: pierce with an opening twelve inches in diameter, and I fix a straight
drawn or welded tube from the under side of the second cylinder
or boiler extending into the opening of the dome-shaped water tube,
and with a tube expander the same is firmly secured to the water
tube and the cylinder or boiler. I place those two large water tubes
at the front end so that they may receive the first full force of the
fire. I then construct over pierced openings on the under side of the
second cylinder or boiler and the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler at safe distances apart from each other along their entire length
flanged short metal tubes rivetted or welded over the top side of each
pierced opening.
-
On the top side of the bottom cylinder or boiler flanged tubes aro
rivetted over the pierced openings standing upwards three feet, the
ends of which are made up with a pierced plate for water tubes to
fit into from one inch in diameter to any required diameter, and so
fixed apart from each other that the products of combustion pass
round or amongst the same on their way to the chimney. Similar
openings with short projecting tubes having a pierced plate on their
ends like those fixed to the projecting tubes underneath, which tubes
are rivetted or welded to the under side of the second cylinder or boiler,
which may project from three to six inches, or any required length.
The pierced openings are fixed so that they stand exactly opposite cach
other. I then take steel drawn water tubes or made of any other
metal into the two feet six inches diameter bottom cylinder or boiler
tubes of any required diameter from four feet six inches in length,
and I push them through and into the pierced plate openings fixed
to the under side of the second cylinder or boiler, filling the pierced
plate openings with tubes, the tube ends being expanded form a water
communication with the top and bottom cylinders or boilers breaking
up the water into small columns which causes a large area of heating
surface to be exposed to the heated products of combustion.
This steam generator is accessible to every part for cleaning and
repairs, retaining the shape of a circular boiler throughout.
The small columns of water I have explained them as standing
perpendicular, but they may be fixed in any other position, such as
slanting or cross ways.
I also place when required short projecting tubes on the top side
of the second cylinder or boiler as well as on the under side; also

page_text: .
short projecting tubes are rivetted over pierced openings on the under
side of a third cylinder or boiler, so that small tubes may be taken
into the middle cylinder or boiler and put through the pierced openings
both on its under side and the top side extending into the projecting
pierced tube ends fixed on the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler, also on the under side of the third cylinder or boiler, so that
a boiler with any required amount of heating surface may be made
any length or height; and by placing a number of such boilers sido
by side only the two outer steam generators would require to be
cased in, so that the whole of the sectional steam generators would
form combustion chambers, and the furnaces may be self-feeding fire-
box furnaces, or a furnace or furnaces may be built in front or under-
neath.
To make it clear I have described this sectional steam generator
or generators so as to show that the heated products of combustion
rise up to near the top of the jacketed boiler furnace, then through
a pierced opening striking against the large water tube passing down
betwixt the jacketed boiler furnace and the water tube around the
conical neck of the water tube, rising up betwixt the first and second
water tubes, passing round the straight small tube or neck of the bottle-
shaped water tube, then passing through one column of small water
tubes to another until they reach the end, where they strike down and
pass through a pierced opening fixed in the back end cylinder or tube,
rising up the tube in the inside to be carried off to the funnel or
chimney.
Fifthly. I further describe the construction of a steam generator or
generators of great strength, the whole sectional water tubes, cylinders, or
boilers being all of the same diameter exactly, when desired, or reduced
water tubes may be inserted, adapted for marine and land purposes,
forming their own flues; and as brickwork and lime are a source of a
great evil on account of the chemical action of the damp lime upon the
boiler plates in the erection of steam generators I therefore prevent
their use being required if so desired.
By constructing a high-pressure steam generator or generators, which
may also be used as a fuel economiser or for other purposes, and the
same may be made of welded iron or steel tubes, cast metal, copper, or
brass, the only difference being in the connecting and coupling of the

page_text: water tubes which may be made in various ways with a stay bolt
passing through the water tubes and cylinders or boilers, the arrange-
ment of the cylinders or boilers and water tubes forming their own flues
and passages for the products of combustion to pass through betwixt
one section of water tubes to another forming the sides of each section,
and the cylinders or boilers at the bottom or top forms a perfect
enclosure of the interior steam generators, exposing a large area of
internal heating surface. This arrangement forms one important part
of the construction of this sectional steam generator or generators,
along with the reducing tubes when required to form the passages for
the products of combustion to pass, and what I have called a metal-
saddle to be herein-after described.
Any number of sectional cylinders or boilers or water tubes may bo
placed side by side, forming one large steam generator which may be all
of the same diameter, the cylinders or boilers and water tubes forming
their own flues; the sides formed of water tubes as a sectional steam
boiler water casing may be all of the same diameter, or they may be
larger or smaller as circumstances require, but the whole stand the same
height and on a level at the top so that a cylinder or cylinders, steam
chest or chests, is erected and fixed over the top of the whole sectional
steam generators as well as those forming the outer casing at the sides
of sectional steam generators. The same kind of steam generators I also
construct of drawn or welded tubes from a few inches in diameter to
those made of cast metal or boiler plating to any required number of
feet.
First. I construct a cylinder or boiler two feet six inches in diameter
with a pierced opening on the top side near to what I will name as the
top end; another pierced opening I make for a second water tube to stand
over three feet nine inches from the first pierced opening; the next or
third pierced opening I make cighteen inches from the second; the
fourth pierced opening is also eighteen inches apart from the third
pierced opening; and the fifth pierced opening is eighteen inches apart
from the fourth pierced opening, and such may be continued from any
required length; and over those pierced openings I rivet, weld, or
otherwise secure water tubes of the same diameter; standing upwards, I ;
describe them as standing eight feet in height, and over the top of each
water tube, five in number, I rivet, weld, or otherwise secure a cylinder
or boiler of the same diameter.

page_text: I will name that to the third and fifth water tubes as I have so
numbered them are attached reducing tubes, the same as those described
in some of my other steam generators formed with a reducing tube end,
like the necks of bottles; or short projecting tubes may be fixed to the
under sides and the top sides of the cylinders or boilers, and small water
tubes pass from one to the other, but I prefer to make the reducing
tubes like the neck of a bottle so that a man has room to pass by. I
then construct another sectional steam generator, which I call the
second, exactly like the first I have described, with this exception, that
betwixt the two cylinders or boilers the five water tubes are not reduced
but are all of the same diameter as the two cylinders or boilers, one
being fixed underneath and the other on the top, and the same is fixed
at the side of the first steam generator. I then place a third sectional
steam generator, constructed exactly like the second steam generator,
which I place to the side of the second, I then place a fourth sectional
steam generator which is made exactly like the second and third at the
side of the third. I then construct a fifth sectional steam generator,
two of the water tubes being reducing tubes, like the first sectional
steam generator, except the reducing tubes are fixed to the second and
fourth water tubes from the top end, and this sectional steam generator
is put to the side of the fourth sectional steam generator so that the
five sectional steam generators stand side by side, forming their own
flues or passages cighteen inches broad and eight fect high; the
fire-grate area or furnace is fixed in the three feet nine inches opening
at the front side.
·
I further construct a sectional cylinder or boiler forming an outer
casing of drawn, welded, or wrought tubes two fect five inches in
diameter having six pierced openings. As this sectional cylinder or
boiler.has to have water tubes standing close to each other to form a
kind of water casing for the five sectional steam generators, I narrow
the water tube at cach end to allow the water tubes to be fixed closo
together to make a close side to be felted in, there is room round the
water tubes at each end to allow of their being rivetted or otherwise
secured to the top and under sides of the cylinders or boilers throughout
their entire length.
I place round the pierced openings, made in the cylinder or boilers
on the top and under sides, malleable iron, which I will call saddlers,
well made or planed, so as to enable the water tubes to be fixed, having

page_text: a level bottom or top side. The flanges at the end of each water tube
being turned inwards allows the pierced openings in the cylinders or
boilers to be reduced so as to enable the water tubes to be fixed close
together, and pierced bolt holes are made round the water tube flanges,
also round the malleable iron or cast saddles, and around the pierced b
openings in the cylinders or boilers, on the top and under side, which
enables bolts to pass through the three, and the whole are firmly secured
together along their entire length. On the front side also on the far
side it is of importance to have this arrangement when the water tubes
require to be fixed close together to form a close water casing, or 1
the same arrangement may be applied in forming sectional steam
generators.
The water tubes I name as being two feet five inches in diameter, but
they may be smaller or of larger diameter.
The space in front of the furnace above the furnace door I fill up with 1
longitudinal water tubes rivetted to pierced openings made in the side
of cach water tube standing at each side of the furnace, which may be
the same diameter as the first and second water tubes, or such may be
smaller, according to requirements.
Along the far side of the first sectional steam gonerators I place 2
sectional water tube cylinders or boiler casing, exactly constructed like
the one fixed along the first side, forming a sectional cylinder or boiler
tube water casing, except that there eight in number, two feet five inch
tubes in diameter, instead of six, as along the front side.
The top side of the cylinder or boiler fixed over the right water tubes 2
forming the far side casing stands on a level with the five sectional
cylinders or boilers as well as the front tube water casing. This arrange-
ment of water tube casing enables the whole stream generators to be
felted in, so that for marine purpose the stoke-hole is perfectly cool as
on deck.
3
The seven sectional steam generators are all drawn closely together
with strong stay bolts fixed across the ends, underneath and over the
top, so that they stand all firmly together as in one piece; and this
seven sectional steam generators are connected one to the other at their
ends, forming a free communication, so that the water when desired 3
may stand in all at the same level; valves to connect or disconnect are

page_text: suitably placed at the ends; also a steam chest or chests or cylinders
stand over the seven sectional steam generators, connected to the top
of each steam generator with tubes extending from one to the other;
safety valves and guages are also suitably fixed.
Sectional steam generators constructed on this principle may be made
any height, width, or length, so as to use up the whole of the steam,
raising heat if desired, and the same class of steam gencrator may be
made to stand one over another in sectional parts, forming one fluc space
over another.
In order that any one sectional steam generator may be readily got
to in case of repairs being required I will name that each sectional
steam generator resists on felt placed upon a metal gantry or frame
resting on wheels, and metal rails fixed underneath to prevent any of
the boilers from canting. Metal stays or shafts are fixed across the ends,
and a metal arm is rivetted to the end of each steam generator, which is
made to grasp the metal stays or shafts, keeping them all steady.
In case repairs being required to any one sectional steam generator
the stay bolts are loosened and the sectional steam generators run on
one side or the other, according to what sectional steam generator
requires to be repaired without the trouble or expense of drawing out; or
the defective steam generator may be drawn out, then the remaining
sectional steam generators are run close together and bolted up, forming
their own flue passages again.
I have named, so that I could clearly describe additional heating.
surface in the flues, that the sectional water tubes of the sectional steam
generators are two feet six inches in diameter, placed eighteen inches
apart from each other, and standing eight feet in height in order to fill
up some portion of this space to obtain greater heating surface above the
convenient height in which a man may comfortably pass under to clean
the flues or see to repairs. I pass from one water tube to the other
standing opposite, passed through pierced openings from the inside of the
water tubes, or rivetted to the outsides, conical, straight, or other shaped
water tubes, extending from one water tube to the other in a cross or
diagonal form; such tends to stiffen the water tubes as well as obtaining
greater heating surface, and such are fixed in all the flue passages where
sufficient width is allowed to place the same above man's height or
working space.

page_text: The products of combustion in this sectional steam generator passes
from the furnace fixed betwixt the first and second water tubes placed
three feet nine inches apart, then over the bridge, rising up in the
furnace combustion chamber, then passes round the top end of the
reduced water tube formed like the neck of a bottle being the second
water tube from the top side fixed at the far side of one of the five
sectional steam generators, then passes betwixt the second row of water
tubes and amongst the cross water tubes until they reach near the front
side; then they pass downwards and round the neck part of a reduced
water tube like a bottle turned upside down, which is the third water
tube from the top side of the five sectional steam generators fixed at the
front side within the outer casing; the products of combustion then
passes betwixt and amongst the cross water tubes in the third sectional
flue space to near the front side, then they pass round the top end of a
reduced water tube placed at the far side, being the fourth water tube
from the top side of the generators, then passes betwixt and amongst
the fourth section of water tubes through the flue space until they reach
the front side, then they pass round a reduced water tube formed like
the neck of a bottle turned upside down, being the fifth water tube on
the front side from the top side of the sectional steam generators so that
the products of combustion, travel in a serpentine manner through all
the flue passages.
When used for marine purposes where brickwork cannot be intro-
duced the fifth tube now a reduced water tube formed like the neck of a
bottle, may be made into a jacketed water tube, and the next adjoining
water tube, also with openings near the bottom, so that they answer as
part of the funnel to carry off the products of combustion; or instead of
bottle-shaped water tubes being used for the products of combustion to
pass round, a water tube may be fixed of about nine or twelve inches in
diameter, extending from one cylinder or boiler to the other so that the
products of combustion pass round it the entire depth of the tube, or
short pierced tubes projecting from the cylinders or boilers may be fixed
so that several small tubes may extend from one to the other.
The construction of this sectional steam generator or generators with
cylinders or boilers and water tubes of one diameter forming their own
flues for the products of combustion to pass through, allowing all the
water tubes, and the top, and under sides of the cylinders or boilers to be

page_text: surrounded with the heated products of combustion which is a com.
bustion of those steam generators I have described.
I have named that I form the outer sectional casing with cylinders or
boilers and water tubes, and I fix and rivet to the same betwixt the
eighteen inch spaces along their entire length two flanged iron or steel
plates to the sides of the water tubes and to the cylinders or boilers
forming a water space betwixt them, staying the same with rivets in
the same manner as a locomotive fire-box is said to stand internal
pressure; a man-hole is made through a pierced opening in the plates;
round and betwixt is fixed a metal. ring to form a water space so that
the flues may be entered from the outside if desired; also small pierced
holes are made on the top side and the under side of the cylinders or
boilers to form a water communication betwixt the two plates, and in this
manner the whole side is made into a water space so that the whole
sectional steam generators can be felted in keeping the stoke hole cool,
or the steam generators may be enclosed in brickwork when used on
land.
I also construct sectional steam generators in a manner so that water
tubes all of one diameter can be used, or so that reduced water tubes
ends, conical or straight, stand all in a row close together; for instance
with all their bottle necks water tubes standing upwards fixed and
secured betwixt two cylinders or boilers placed one over another, and
betwixt two other adjoining cylinders or boilers all the water tubes stand
with their small tubes or necks downwards and their bottoms upwards,
so that any number of water tubes may be placed side by side betwixt
two cylinders or boilers, causing the products of combustion to travel in
a serpentine manner, first round the top ends of the water tubes, then
underneath them; but the following description will explain how they
or any other water tubes may be secured, as follows:-
By constructing a sectional steam generator of welded, rivetted, drawn,
or cast cylinders or boiler tubes, nameing them as two rivetted cylinders,
I place along their entire lengths what I will call a metal saddle, which
may be made of solid wrought or cast metal, or the same may be made
hollow, having a smooth or plain top, or they may be dished out, but I
will describe them as having a flat top, which are firmly secured to the
cylinders or boilers; the two are then placed apart from each other;
eight feet, and supported apart by two upright water tubes fixed to each:
B

page_text: end of the cylinders or boilers on the top side of the bottom cylinder or
boiler. The metal saddle stands upwards, and on the under side of the
top cylinder or boiler the saddle has its face downwards. Betwixt the
two cylinders or boilers I fix any required number of water tubes fifteen
inches in diameter, so that two or more cylinders or boilers placed side
by side would form their own flues fifteen inches apart with fifteen inch
water tubes standing betwixt two cylinders or boilers of two feet six
inches in diameter and fifteen inch water tubes, having flat ends standing
side by side betwixt the two cylinders or boilers all fitting close up
together in a straight line.
The metal saddles are pierced with two or more holes on the top and
under side of the cylinders or boilers; also the ends of all the water
tubes; also the top side and the under side of the cylinders or boilers
have pierced openings the exact diameter as those in the water tubo
ends. The water tube pierced openings are placed exactly opposite those
in the cylinders or boilers betwixt the metál saddles. The holes in the
saddles may be larger; and from the inside of the cylinders or boilers I
put through those pierced openings short drawn steel tubes, or made of
any other metal, on the inside of the cylinder or boiler, oxtending through
the opening or openings in the metal saddle and through the ends of
the water tubes. The small tube ends are made tight with an expander
both to the cylinders or boilers, also to the ends of the water tubes on the
top and under side, forming forming a free water communication, access to
the water tube ends being had through man-holes and doors at the side
of the tubes, the tubes forming one straight line. When the water tubes
are large enough for access they are rivetted one to another up their
meeting centres, so that they are all fixed and secured one to another
as if in one piece, and the cylinders and fixed over the top and
underneath retain their full strength, as the pierced holes in them are
small, and stay bolts when required pass from one cylinder or boiler to
the other. In this manner steam generators, fuel economisers, and water
casing sides or condensers are effectually constructed.
I have named that the ends of the water tubes are flat, but they may -
have a convex end to fit into the dished or concave openings in the
saddles when desired. I also pass rivets through the ends of the water.
tubes, saddles, and the plating of the cylinders or or boilers, so that it is.
impossible for the water tubes to do more than simply expand, preventing,

page_text: any risk of the water tube ends forcing from them the cylinders or
boilers or saddles, or the water tube ends may be made like the saddles.
When desired saddles may be fixed to the ends of each water tube
separately, and fixed as required; also the water tubes which stand
betwixt the two cylinders or boilers may stand so high as to allow of
two flue passages being formed. The under side flue passages catch the
first heat, which division may be formed of fire-clay or brick, or an aṛch
with bricks over water tubes placed longitudinally betwixt the flue
passages and connected to the steam generators.
I also construct four longitudinal sectional steam generators or boilors
of two feet six inches in diameter standing one over the other. I place
the first and second sectional cylinders or boilers fifteen inches apart, and
short water tubes, conical or straight, extend from one to the other,
forming a water communication. The third cylinder or boiler I place
fifteen inches apart from the second, and water tubes are connected from
one to the other. I then place a fourth cylinder or boiler two feet six
inches apart from the third, and I connect the top side of the third
cylinder or boiler with the under side of the fourth cylinder or boiler
with short conical or straight water tubes, so that the four sectional
cylinders or boilers form a free communication one with the other. At
the front end I erect a jacketed boiler furnace, and I rivet the first,
second, and third cylinders to the jacketed furnaces fire-box side. The
top cylinder or boiler I rivet to the top side of the jacketed fire-box
cylinder or boiler casing.
A pierced opening is made near the top of the fire-box through the
water space, which opens out betwixt the two top cylinders or boilers.
Near to the back end of the four cylinders or boilers I pierce the second
cylinder or boiler on both sides, also the fourth cylinder or boiler, and I
rivet to the second and fourth cylinders or boilers a tube, which extends
from the under side of the second cylinder or boiler to the top side of
the fourth cylinder or boiler. This tube answers as a short funnel to
carry off the products of combustion. Round this tube I place a cylinder
or boiler, and rivet the same round the pierced opening in the second
cylinder or boiler, and round the pierced opening on the under side of
the fourth cylinder or boiler. This cylinder or boiler shell forms a water
space round the internal tube, which carries off the products of com-
bustion to the funnel, and the third cylinder or boiler is riveted over a
B2

page_text: -
pierced opening at the side of the upright cylinder or boiler shell, which
form a jacketed water space round the tube which carries off the pro-
ducts of combustion. Over the top of the four cylinders or boilers I fix
a steam chest or cylinder.
The furnace is a self-feeding one, having a jacketed ash box, and the
heated products of combustion rise up in the jacketed furnace, passing
through the pierced opening betwixt the two top cylinders and boilers,
giving out their heat amongst the short water tubes, and on reaching near
the back end the heated products of combustion pass through a short
tube fixed in and through the third cylinder or boiler, in reaching the
under side betwixt the second and third cylinders or boilers they pass
amongst the fifteenth inch water tubes to near the jacketed boiler furnace,
then they pass round the reduced end of the cylinder or boiler tube formed
like the neck of a bottle, when they pass betwixt the first and second
cylinders or boilers from the front end amongst the short water tubes to
near the back end, when they rise up the jacketed cylinder or boiler tube
to the top side of the four sectional cylinders or boilers, then into the

page_text: the furnace at a much higher temperature than in those steam generators
where the fire is closely confined in a small space direct under the boiler
furnace plates, the fire the fire continuously acting with its full force
day and night, as the case may be, on one particular part of the furnace,
crown, which frequently results in what is called or known as hard firing in
having burnt the furnace crown plates with its close contact with them,
as in such boilers as the Cornish, Lancashire, and fire-box boilers. I
therefore construct a jaiked water space furnace to work the sectional
chamber steam generators or boilers lined with fire-brick or clay, having
å hopper and self-feed. The jacketed water space of the furnace is not
connected to the steam generators or boilers direct; so that the water
within the jacketed space does not retain either pressure or temperature
as the water in the sectional cylinders or boilers; and to prevent the
boiler plates from becoming overheated I allow the water space to be
open to the atmosphere over the crown of the furnace. Or I connect
pipes to the jacketed furnace open at the ends to prevent pressure from
being upon jacketed boiler furnace, so that the water in the jacketed
boiler furnace is raised in temperature little if any over boiling point,
two hundred and twelve degrees; the water so heated may be used as
the feed water for the sectional boilers or used for other purposes.
Round the entire furnace I construct a water space if desired, or the
sides and the top of the furnace, or the sides only are jacketed An
opening near the top of the furnace conducts the heated products of com-
bustion into an adjoining chamber, which may also be surrounded with
a jacketed water space; or the products of combustion pass direct from
the furnace into the three feet nine inches chamber of the sectional steam
generators or boilers. The spaces betwixt the sectional steam generators
and the furnace are made up with a jacketed water space.
The furnace may be fed or fired by hand through an opening in the
jacketed water space having fire-bars, but I prefer to have the furnace
bottom enclosed, the fire resting on a revolving grate, so that any refuse
can be thrown into the ash box underneath; or instead of air passing up
through the fire-grate bars the furnace bottom is allowed to make itself
up; or sand may be thrown into the bottom, and tire-holes are pierced
at the side or sides of the jacketed furnace, so that the fire receives
its air forced by a fan or blowing engine. This arrangement of
furnace allows hot air to be forced into the fire, as there is no danger of
burning away the fire-bars, and when a certain quantity of clinker,

page_text: ash, or other unconsumable substance have accumulated within the
furnace a door is opened at the bottom and a certain quantity removed;
the dust which the furnace may throw off may be collected in the
adjoining chamber.
Jacketed hollow water space damper or dampers made of fire-brick,
is fixed to regulate the heat to the sectional boilers, and one furnace
may be made to raise steam in any required number of steam generators
or boilers. The furnace being a jacketed water space furnace allows the
same to be felted in; or the furnace may be built of brick and sur-
rounded with iron. Or in case water tubes extending from one cylinder
or boiler to another fixed over it, any small conical or other shaped water
tubes pass from one to the other, I place cast metal plates forming
divisions about every three feet, so as to cause the products of combustion
to pass over and under the plates in a serpentine manner.
When steam generators, cylinders, or boilers are so small that a man
cannot enter them to expand or fasten the water tube ends, then
openings are made on the top and under sides of the cylinders or boilers
for access covered with metal lids.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special
licence that I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS, FURNACES AND FLUES, WATER TUBES AND WATER
CASING APPLICABLE AS A STEAM GENERATOR FOR MARINE AND LAND PURPOSES TO
UTILISE THE HEAT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Rydill, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to bo filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
This Invention of improvements is to construct steam generators or
boilers of great strength, great Licating surface, and to improve the
construction of water tubes, water casing flues and furnaces, with a
self-feeding furnace to prevent smoke.
This Invention of improvements is to construct high-pressure steam
generators or boilers of great strength, great heating surfaces, so that
from two hundred to three hundred pounds pressure may be with safety
reached and worked, constructing steam generators or boilers so that
the cylinders or boilers, water tubes, and sectional water casing form
their own flues without the use of brickwork, enabling a great heating
surface to be acted upon with one fire, forming one uniform circulation
of the water and retaining the heated products of combustion within the
steam generators or boilers any required width or length within the fluc
passages.
I connect to the cylinders or boilers water tubes with reduced ends,
so that the products of combustion can pass over and under them
betwixt the two cylinders or boilers, or I construct the cylinders or
boilers and water tubes to form the flues and water casing. In order
that the same may be clearly understood I have named certain diameters
and heights, but those steam generators may be variously constructed in

page_text: separate parts, so that steam generators may be made any diameter,
length, or width, and the furnace is constructed so as to have a large
combustion chamber.
In constructing a steam generator or generators of great strength the
whole sectional water tubes, cylinders, or boilers being all of the same
diameter exactly when desired, or reduced water tubes may be inserted
adapted for marine and land purposes, forming their own flues.
First. I construct a cylinder or boiler two feet six inches in diameter
with a pierced opening on the top side near to what I will name as the
top end, another pierced opening I make for a second water tube to
stand over three feet nine inches from the first pierced opening, the next
or third pierced opening I make eighteen inches from the second, the
fourth pierced opening is also eighteen inches apart from the third
pierced opening, and the fifth pierced opening is eighteen inches apart
from the fourth pierced opening, and such may be continued for any
required length, and over those pierced openings I rivet, weld, or
otherwise secure water tubes of the same diameter standing upwards.
I describe them as standing eight feet in height, and over the top of cach
water tube five in number I rivet or weld a cylinder or boiler of the
samo diameter.
I will name that the third and fifth water tubes as I have so numbered
them are attached reducing tubes like the neck of bottles, or short
projecting tubes may be fixed to the under and top sides of the cylinders
or boilers, and small water tubes pass from one to the other. I then
construct another sectional steam generator which I call the second,
exactly like the first I have described, with this exception that betwixt
the two cylinders or boilers the five water tubes are not reduced, but are
all of the same diameter as the two cylinders or boilers, and the same is
fixed to the side of the first steam generator; also a third and a fourth
sectional boiler made like the second are placed side by side. I then
construct a fifth sectional steam generator, two of the water tubes being
reducing tubes, like the first sectional steam generator, except the
reducing tubes arc fixed to the second and fourth water tubes from the
top end; this sectional steam generator is put to the side of the fourth
sectional steam generator, so that the five sectional steam generators
stand side by side, forming their own flues or passages eighteen inches
broad and eight feet high; the fire-grate area or furnace is fixed in the
thee feet nine inches opening at the front side.

page_text: I further construct a sectional cylinder or boiler forming an outer
casing of drawn, welded, or wrought tubes, two feet five inches in
diameter, having six pierced openings. This sectional cylinder or boiler
has water tubes standing close to each other to form a kind of water
casing for the five sectional steam generators. I narrow the water tubes
at each end to allow the water tubes to be fixed close together to make
a close side to be felted in; there is room round the water tubes at each
end to allow of their being rivetted to the top and under sides of the
cylinders or boilers throughout their entire length.
I place a similar sectional boiler or casing along the far side, and the
seven sectional steam generators are all drawn closely together with
strong stay bolts fixed across the ends underneath and over the top, so
that they stand all firmly together, and the seven sectional steam gene-
rators are connected one to the other at their ends, forming a free
communication, so that the water may stand in each section at the same
level. Valves to connect or disconnect are suitably placed at the ends;
also a steam chest or chests or cylinders stand over the seven sectional
steam generators connected with short tubes.
I construct a jacketed water space furnace to work those sectional
chamber steam generators or boilers lined with fire-brick or clay having
a hopper and self-feed. The jacketed water space of the furnace is not
connected to the steam generators or boilers direct, so that the water
within the jacketed space does not retain either pressure or temperature
as the water in the sectional cylinders or boilers, and to prevent the
boiler plates from becoming over heated I allow the water space to be
open to the atmosphero over the crown of the furnace, or I connect
pipes to the jacketed furnace open at the ends to prevent pressure from
being upon the jacketed boiler furnace, so that the water in the jacketed
boiler furnace is raised in temperature little if any over boiling point.
The water so heated may be used as the feed water for the sectional or
other boilers, or used for other purposes.
Round the entire furnace I construct a water space if desired, or the
sides and the top of the furnace or the sides only are jacketed. An
opening near the top of the furnace conducts the heated products of
combustion into an adjoining chamber, which may also be surrounded
with a jacketed water space, or the products of combustion pass direct
from the furnace into the three feet nine inch chamber of the sectional
steam generators or boilers.

page_text: The spaces betwixt the sectional steam generators and furnaces are
made up with a jacketed water space.
The furnace may be fed mechanically or fired by hand through an
opening in the jacketed water space, having fire-bars, but I prefer to
have the furnace bottom enclosed, the fire resting on a revolving grate,
so that any refuse can be thrown into the ash box underneath, or instead
of air passing up through the grate bars the furnace bottom is allowed
to make itself up, or sand may be thrown into the bottom, and tuyero
holes are placed at the side or sides of the jacketed furnace, so that the
fire receives its air forced by a fan or blowing engine. This arrange-
ment of furnace allows hot air to be forced into the fire, as there is no
danger of burning away the fire-bars, and when a certain quantity
of clinker, ash, or other unconsumable substances have accumulated
within the furnace a door is opened at the bottom of the ash box, and a
certain quantity removed. The dust which the furnace may throw off
.may be collected in an adjoining chamber.
Jacketed hollow water space dampers, or dampers made of fire-brick
are fixed to regulate the heat to the sectional boilers, and one furnace
may be made to raise steam in any required number of steam generators
or boilers.
The furnace being a jacketed water space furnace allows the same to
be felted in, or the furnace may be built of brick, and surrounded with
iron.
In case the water tubes extend from one cylinder or boiler to another.
fixed over it, and small conical and other shaped water tubes pass from
one to the other, cast metal plates forming divisions may be placed every
three feet, so as to cause the products of combustion to pass over and
under the plates in a serpentine manner.
Having now described the arrangement and construction of the various
parts of the furnace according to my Invention for generating steam
in an improved and economical manner, as well as the sectional boilers,
in conclusion I do not restrict myself to the precise details or arrange-
ments which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many
variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles
or main features of my Invention, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,―
First. I claim a jacketed water space furnace lined with fire-brick or

page_text: GEORGE RYDILL. (L.S.)