IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY AND Road CAR TRACTION, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Smith Hallidic, of No. 19, Salisbury
Street, Strand, London, and of San Francisco, California, U S.,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY AND Road
CAR TRACTION, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
RTO
Scaled the 1st June 1875, and dated the 2nd April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Smith Hallidic
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd April 1875.
I, ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Strand,
London, and of San Francisco, California, U.S, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY
AND ROAD CAR TRACTION, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of propelling road or tramway
cars by means of endless ropes or chains actuated by a steam engine or
other motor, and may be described as follows:-A tube of sufficient
r

page_text: capacity to contain at proper intervals of distance grooved sheeves (on or
under which a rope or chain may travel) is placed beneath the surface of
the street and between or alongside and parallel to or with the rails,
grooves, or tram plates or track. The tube is provided with an opening
or slit on the upper side running along its entire length, and sufficiently |
wide to admit of the passage of a steel shank down therethrough, but
not wide enough to admit the wheel tire of any ordinary carriage.
Where there is a double track two tubes are used, but where there is
only a single track one Lube is employed, and it is furnished with
two sets of sheeves, and it will contain both parts of the travelling rope
which would run therein in opposite directions.
At a suitable place (the end of the line being prefered) and connected
by suitable gear to the steam or other engine or motor, aro mounted tho
grip pulleys or other suitable devices, by which the power is transmitted
to an endless rope or chain (and a steel wire rope is prefered) to set it
in motion.
The rope or chain after passing around the grip pulley or pulleys aforc-
said passes through the tube resting on the supporting sheeves to the
lower end of the line, from thence it passes around a horizontal sheeve
fixed to an adjusting frame for compensating for expansion and con-
traction of the rope and back through the second tube (if a second tube
is used) to the place of starting.
The grip pulley being set in motion transmits motion to the rope or
chain, which constantly travels in the tube on the supporting sheeves
during the time of working.
Where the line of route is comparatively level or is a true line between
two given points sheeves on the bottom of the tube are only required to
support the travelling rope, but when the grade varios considerably in
order to keep the line of the rope parallel to the surface of the street or
road then upper sheeves will be required in the tube at the point where
there is a change of the angle upwards. Thus in such cases the rope
travels over the lower sheeves and under the upper sheeves, sufficient
space being left between the line of the upper and the lower sheeves to
permit the foot of the gripping attachment passing between them.
The track may be laid in the ordinary way except that when there are
_cross sleepers they must be cut between the rails, and are then securely
connected to the tube or tubes, the shit or opening being in the upper

page_text: side of the tube, and by preference it is formed on one side of its
vertical centre lino or axis, and not vertically over the rope or sheeres,
thus dirt or small stones are prevented from falling thereon.
In order to transmit the motion of the rope in the tube to the car in
the street I attach to the car, or to a dummy if preferred, a device
which I call a "gripper" or a gripping attachment, the shank of which
passes down through the slit or opening into the tube. This shank should
be preferably be made of steel and say about 5 inches wide by % inch
thick, in which case the longitudinal slit in the tube need not be over
7/8 inch wide.
The "gripping attachment" or gripper consists of an iron frame
fastened to the body of the car or dummy.
It is furnished at its upper
ond with a hand wheel and nut fitted to a hollow or other screw, which
reaches from the frame to the body of the car to which it is secured. At
the lower end of this screw is attached the steel shank, which has a dove-
tailed groove in its length. A slide works therein by means of a nut and
hand wheel working in a screw at the upper end of the slide. The lower
end of the slide is furnished with a wedge-shaped peice, which actuates
two horizontal slides at right angles to the slide that works in the shank
of the large hollow screw.
The horizontal slides may be fitted with semicircular grooves of suffi-
cient size to grasp or grip the rope. On cach side of the horizontal
slides, which I call "jaws," are small grooved guide sheeves, which are
mounted slighly in advance by means of rubber or other springs. These
sheeves are used for the purpose of guiding the travelling rope into
and from the jaws, so that when the jaws are not in firm contact with
the rope the sheeves retain the rope in position and allow of its running
freely between them.
The operation is as follows:-The rope being in motion the gripper is
lowered by means of the large hollow screw through an opening in the
tube to a proper level over the rope. The jaws are then opened by
turning the nut and lowering the slide and wedge. The grip is then
dropped over the rope. The jaws are closed by reversing the nut of the
slide, so that the sheeves hold the rope. The grip is then raised
sufficiently high to clear the supporting sheeves and to pass under tho
upper sheeves in the tube. The car is now ready to start. This is

page_text: effected by giving the vertical slide an extra turn or two, which brings
the jaws on to the rope, thus gripping it and forcing back the sheeves
into the springs.
When it is desired to stop the car or the dummy the vertical slide is
lowered (by a turn or two of the small hand whicel), which relcases the
rope from the jaw and then permits it freely to run between the guide
sheeves, part of the same apparatus. The foot of the gripper is 1 or L
shape, which enables it to pass under the upper sheeves of the tube
without impediment.
The clip pulley or grip pulleys by which the power is transmitted to
the traction rope are constructed by forming the rim or periphery of the
pulley (or wheel proper) in two parts, which are bolted together. These
are hook-like in cross section, and hold within them the actual clip peices,
cach pairs of which are free to rock or vibrate to and from cach other
radially, and so allowing of compensating action and variation in the
distanco apart and in the gripping action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Smith Ilallidic in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
SMITH HALLIDIE, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London, and of
San Francisco, California, U.S., Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Andrew Smith Hallidic, Her special
licence, that I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidic, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Andrew Smith
Hallidie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: |Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY AND ROAD CAR TRACTION, AND IN THE
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidic, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date

page_text: The rope or chain after passing around the grip pulley or pulleys
aforesaid passes through the tube resting on the supporting sheeves to
the lower end of the line, from thence it passes round a horizontal
sheeve fixed to an adjusting frame for compensating for expansion and
contraction of the rope, and back through tho second tube (if a second
tube is used) to the place of starting.
The rope or chain after passing around the grip pulley or pulleys
aforesaid passes through the tube resting on the supporting sheeves to
the lower end of the line, from thence it passes round a horizontal
sheeve fixed to an adjusting frame for compensating for expansion and
contraction of the rope, and back through tho second tube (if a second
tubo is used) to the place of starting.
The grip pulley being set in motion transmits motion to the rope or
chain, which constantly travels in the tube on the supporting sheeves
during the time of working.
Where the line of route is comparatively level, or is a true linc
between two given points, sheeves on the bottom of the tube are only
required to support the travelling rope, but when the grade varies
considerably in order to keep the line of the rope parallel to the surface
of the street or road the upper sheeves will be required in the tube at
the point where there is a change of the angle upwards. Thus-in such
cases the rope travels over the lower sheeves and under the upper
sheeves, sufficient space being left between the line of the upper and
the lower sheeves to permit the foot of the gripping attachment passing
between them.
The track may be laid in the ordinary way, except that when there
are cross sleepers they must be cut between the rails, and are then
securely connected to the tubo or tubes, the slit or opening being in
the upper side of the tube, and by preference it is formed on one
side of its vertical centre line or axis, and not vertically over the
rope or sheeves, thus dirt or small stones are prevented from falling
thercon.
In order to transmit the motion of the rope in the tube to the car in
the street I attach to the car or to a "dummy" (if preferred) a device
which I call a "gripper" or a gripping attachment, the shank of which
passes down through the slit or opening into the tube. This shank
should (preferably) be made of steel, and say about five inches wide by
five-cighth of an inch thick, in which case the longitudinal slit in the
tube need not be over seven-eighth of an inch wide.
The "gripping attachment" or gripper consists of an iron frame
fastened to the body of the car or dummy. It is furnished at its upper
end with a hand wheel and nut fitted to a hollow or other screw, which

page_text: reaches from the frame to the body of the car, to which it is secured.
At the lower end of this screw is attached the steel shank, which has a
dovetailed groove in its length; a slide works thercin by means of a nut
The
and hand wheel working in a screw at the upper end of the slide.
lower end of the slide is furnished with a wedge-shaped piece, which
actuates two horizontal slides at right angles to the slide that works in
the shank of the large hollow screw.
The horizontal slides may be fitted with semicircular grooves of
sufficient size to grasp or grip the rope. On each side of the horizontal
slides, winch I call "jaws," are small grooved guide sheeves, which are
mounted slightly in advance by means of rubber or other springs.
The sleeves are used for the purpose of guiding the travelling ropo
into and from the jaws, so that when the jaws are not in firm contact
with the rope the sheeves retain the rope in position, and allow of its
running freely between them.
The operation is as follows -The rope being in motion the grippor is
lowered by means of the large hollow screw through an opening in the
tube to a proper level over the rope, the jaws are then opened by
turning the nut and lowering the slide and wedge; the grip is then
dropped over the rope; the jaws are closed by reversing the nut of the
slide, so that the sheeves hold the rope, the grip is then raised
sufficiently high to clear the supporting sheeves and to pass under the
upper sleeves in the tube, the car is now ready to start; this is effected
by giving the vertical slide an extra turn or two, which brings the jaws
on to the rope, thus gripping it and forcing back the guide sheeves on to
the springs.
When it is desired to stop the car or the dummy the vertical slide is
low cred (by a turn or two of the small hand wheel), which relcases the
rope from the jaws, and then permits it freely to run between the guide
sheeves, part of the same apparatus. The foot of the gripper is 1 or L
shape, which enables it to pass under the upper sheeves of the tube
without impediment.
The clip pulleys (or grip pulleys), by which the power is transmitted
to the traction rope, are constructed by forming the rim or periphery of
the pulley (or wheel proper) in two parts, which are bolted together.
These arc hook-like in cross section, and hold within them the actual
clip pieces, each pair of which are free to rock or vibrate to and from

page_text: each other radially, and so allowing of compensating action and variation
in the distance apart and in the gupping action.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings I have shewn some illustra-
tive views of my Invention and details of parts thereof, by which the
subject will be found to be thoroughly elucidated.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a longitudinal tube
fitted internally with supporting pullies for receiving the running rope
working within cach tube, and it shows also a passenger car and the
dummy carriage in front thereof, upon which dummy carriage pas-
sengers are also intended to be carried. This dummy carriage has fitted
at the front end thereof the arrangement for connecting it with the
rope through the shank of the gripping attachment; the upper end of
this shank being connected by means of a screw arrangement herein-
after described by which the conductor or person in charge can partially
release the rope to admit of its running through the gripper without
permitting of the rope dropping therefrom, or being entirely released
so as to cause it to become detached from the dummy on to the bearing
pullies within the tube, and so ceasing to act as a propelling agent or
means of traction.
The tram car shown as connected to the dummy carriage is fitted
with brako and skid arrangement to enable it to be stopped on an incline
in descending or ascending
Figure 2 shows in section broken off or detached from Figure 1, and
is intended to represent a portion of the tube and the disposition of the
“brow pulley” or shoave where the change of angle takes place; whilst
Figure 3 shows a similar longitudinal section of a portion of a tube
forming the bottom of an incline at or near to its junction with the hon-
zontal portion of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a transverse section, to an enlarged scale, of two tubes
with their fittings, in connection with which a timber framed track is a
shown for a double line of tramway This view exhibits the arrange-
ment and disposition of the circular tubes with the vertical slot in cach
by which the connection is made between the running rope and the
tram carriages to be hauled It also shows the running sheaves and
their carriages fitted upon the interior bottom of cach tube.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section to an enlarged scale of 3 lengths,
sections, or portions of a double tube or arrangement for working the

page_text: up-and-down lengths of the running rope within the same shell; this
double or compound tube having fitted within it two sets of sheaves,
one on each side of the longitudinal division or line, and having also
two longitudinal slots by which the shank of cach set of gripping attach-
ments may in turn or at the proper time pass (respectively) up or
down.
Figure 7 is a transverse section of an oval or egg-shape section
of single tube, showing at its upper edge a double flat slot or groove
closing arrangement, shown to a larger scale in Figure 8.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of a transverse section of the upper edges
of a tube fitted with two hinged or balanced bars which close the slit in
the tube, and whether such longitudinal bars be balanced and free to
fall by gravitation or pressure from above they may be opened and
held back by a shuttle-like piece or coulter fitted to the shank of the
gripper which operates thereupon as the dummy carriage or tram car is
moved forward.
Figure 9 shows a contrivance which I prefer to employ in connec-
tion with the motion drum around which the endless rope passes;
such jaws as are shown in Figure 9 being fitted upon and surrounding
the periphery of the motion transmitting drum, such driving or motion
transmitting drum may be mounted upon a travelling carriage fitted
with apparatus for taking up the slack of the endless rope, and allowing
for its expansion and contraction, or the clongations or shortonings which
may from various causes require to be provided for.
Figure 10 is a plan view of a main road and a branch road thereout of,
the in the double portion of which the up and down rope both work (in
the same tube), such for instance as that shown in transverse section by
Figure 6, whilst the curve portions branch thercout of, the lines between
the rails showing the longitudinal slit in cach tube.
Figure 11 is a transverse section of an elliptic tube shown as being
cast in three parts or portions, the lower running or bearing sheaves
being shown as fitted in line along the longitudinal axis or line of the
tube, and it shows the position of the shank and foot of the gripper
and gripping apparatus.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal view of Figure 11, showing the end
flanches for connecting up the lengths and the flanches for receiving
the transverse bearers of the road formation.

page_text: Figures 13, 14, and 15, are views of the gripper apparatus, and the
shank which passes through the slit in each tube.
The following are the letters of reference indicating like portions or
parts in each view:-a, a, the tube; b, b, ribs and flanches thereof; c, c,
lugs for supporting the ties, &c., of the road framework; d, the sup- 5
porting sheaves; e, the endless rope; f, the slit or opening through
which the shank of the gripper passes from the frame of the dummy or
car floor; g, g, the ties or sleepers, 7, h, stringers, 2, i, the rails; j, j, &c,
the grippers, k, k, the brake; 1, 1, &c., the body and frame of the car;
m, m, the screw arrangement for raising the gripper to its proper level 1
by means of the hand wheels and nuts n, n. The slide and screw used
for opening and closing the jaws that grip the rope are indicated by o, o,
and the hand wheel and nut for operating the jaws are shown as p, p.
At the lower end of the slide o is a wedge-shape piece q which acts
upon the two jaws 7, 1, and gives to them-a motion at right angles to
that of o, o
The jaws have attached to them guide pullies 8, 8, 8, 8, to
lead the rope fair into and off from the jaws r, r, which grip the rope.
These four pullies are held slightly in advance of the jaws by means of
adjustable rubber springs t, b, t, t, so that when it is desired to stop the
car the jaws, r, are slightly seperated by lowering the wedge q, q, and
releasing the rope from the firm grip, and so permits of its running
freely through the guide pullics 8, s, &c. The springs t, t, &c, hold
The lower end or shank
the rope within the small guiding pullies.
of the screw m, m, is indicated by u, u, and is attached thereto. The
shank is preferred to be made about inch thick and in steel, so that
it is sufficiently thin to allow of its passing through the slit f in the

page_text: and another on level or nearly level lines of tramways, whilst at the
bottom of the incline or the opposite ends of a double arrangement, as
just mentioned or referred to, the steam engine or other motor or driving
power is applied, and the endless rope is there passed over a suitable
combination of sheaves or pullics, the main driving or transmitting
pulley being (by preference) formed with its periphery having gripping
jaws surrounding it, as shown at Figure 9, whilst the slack of the rope
or its shortening is compensated for by the horizontal drum or pulley
arrangements having a compensating slide or carriage, which is caused
to travel in a slide or groove, and has connected therowith a compensating
or counterweight sufficient to maintain the working strain upon the
endless rope.
A contrivance which I have found useful in some cases and in cortain
situations where it is required to increase the radius of the circle around
which the rope has to bend, is by employing an oval form or body, and
around which on the periphery thereof is placed a number of friction
wheels, connected together cither by links or mounted upon a flexible
chain, frame, or band, the running rope in turn passing over or partially
around this series of independent rollers, which form an antifriction
surface, the curve of which may be varied by the extension of the major
axis of the oval or clipse; and this may be applied either at the junction
of a down angle within the tube at its junction with a horizontal tube or
tube of lesser longitudinal angle, so as to form an “antifriction brow,"
where a pulley of sufficiently large diameter could not easily be intro-
duced. On a larger scale it may be applied horizontally at the upper
ends of the tubes, where the rope emerges therefrom, and where from
the distance apart of the tubes it may be desired to introduce a horizontal
pulley or drum in closer proximity to the ends thereof than could be
effected by a circular drum or sheave without the addition of angle
pullies and other contrivances.
Having now described the chief features of my Invention, and
generally the mode in which I prefer to apply my said Invention in
practice, in such instances as I have described, both by means of two
independent lines of tubes, and also by means of compound or double
tubes, as herein described and illustrated, not only for meeting places
where two lines of tramways or tracks hate to conveNDA annaah and

page_text: under other circumstances where such provision becomes necessary, and
whether also the elevation of such tramways or tracks be horizontal or
inclined, or a series of inclines in combination with shorter or longer
lengths of levels for the facility of crossing such roads at right angles or
otherwise, I wish it to be understood that in every case I employ for
these purposes an endless rope by preference (although a chain in
may
some cases be employed), and whether such endless rope be driven by
means of a motor placed at the bottom of an incline, or at the top
thereof (as in some cases it may be), or whether two separately worked
arrangements of endless ropes may be so combined together and worked
that the driving gear of cach may be at the extreme or more distant
ends, and the return of each endless rope may be situate between
two extreme ends, or be situate in repetition and continuation at or after
the termination of each section or return pulley, drum, or sheave, that
what I claim is,-
First. The improvements in tramway or road car traction, and in
the machinery and apparatus connected therewith, as herein described
and set forth
Secondly. The mode of hauling or propelling street cars or carriages
by means of a constantly travelling endless rope running in a tube (or
tubes) as herein described, and which rope is kept in position at intervals
by sheaves below and above, as hercin set forth, cach tube having a
longitudinal shit or opening on its upper surface, and having suitablo
openings at convenient distances to enable the sheaves or the gripper
to be withdrawn, all substantially as herein described and set forth.
Thirdly. The construction and mode of working the gripper, as hercin
described, for the purpose of catching and releasing the travelling rope,
together with its L shaped foot to enable it to pass over and under the
sheaves fitted within the tube, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes berein set forth.
Fourthly. The arrangement and construction of antifriction sheeves
working on an oval form or body for the purpose of maintaining the
rope in position at brows or changes of angle and in other situations, as
herein described.
Fifthly. The arrangement of binged bars, or bars working on knife
edges, and closing by gravitation for the purpose of keeping the slit

page_text: closed when the shank of the gripper is not passing through the slit, as
herein set forth, and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidie, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September,
One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
ALICE FANNY SMITH,
ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE. (L.S.)
of 18, Salisbury Street,
Strand,
London,
At present staying at San Francisco, California, U.S.

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE of
No 19 Salisbury Street Stand London and of San Francisco California
US Engineer for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY AND
ROAD CAR TRACTION AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THENEWITH ” bearing date the 2nd April 1875 No 1204
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to bo
entered by the said Andrew Smith Hallidie of certain parts in the Speci-
fication of the said Letters Patent pursuant to the Statute in that case made
and provided
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland beaung
date the 2nd day of April 1875 No 120+ did for Herselt Hei heirs and successors
give and giant unto the said Andrew Santh Hallidie his executors administrators
and assigns the sole privilege of making using exercising and vending within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Leland the Channel Islands and Isle of
Man the said Invention for the term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent
And whereas since the filing of the Specification in pursuance of the said Letters
Patent I the said Andrew Smith Hallidie have ascertained that doubts may arise
as to what was meant in certain parts of the said Specification and also as to what
was intended to be clanned in and by the said Specification and as to whether the
clains made therein are not too wide and comprise as forming parts of the said
Invention parts that were not new in the United Kingdom at the date of the said
Letters Patent by reason of the descriptions thereof having been published in the
United Kingdon before the date of the said Letters Patent and in particular
one of the claiming clauses may be construed to be a clum for the use of any
underground tube having a longitudinal shit on its upper side which is a claim
more extensive and general than i am desnous of making or being supposed to
make in and by the said Specification
And whereas some clerical errors have been discovered in the said Specification
and Sheet of Drawings which I desne to be corrected.

page_text: And whereas I became and am desirous of limiting the said claiming clauses
and correcting the said clerical errors above referred to and of disclaiming altering
and amending the said Specification in manner following such Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration not being such a Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration as can or does extend the exclusive right granted by the said Letters
Patent
I strike out the word train line 2, page 3, and insert therefor the word tram, and
姿蓉
"
For the above reasons 1 insert after the last word in line 9 and before the first
word in line 10 on page 6 of the Queen's Printers' Copy of the said Specification
these words "I am aware that the foregoing general arrangement has been at various
* times the subject of provious Patents and I wish it to be understood that I do not
" claim the same as part of my present Invention but refer to it to elucidate the
modus operands of my said Invention" and on page 6 line 14 I stuke out the
word "the" and on page 6 line 15 I insert the word "points" in lieu of the word
"point," and on the same page 6 line 23 I strike out the words "by preference,"
and on page 7 line 24 I insort after the word "by" the words "raising the vertical
"slide and wedge sufficiently high by means of the nut" and I strike out on
Line 24 same page 7 the words "giving the vertical slide an extra tuin or two
and on page line 1 I insert the words "Figure 6 18 cross section of the same,"
and I strike out on samo page 9 the whole of lines 7 to 16 inclusive (note the
Diawing referred to here as Figure 7 is in the Drawings improperly numbered 17)
and at the end of line 18 page 9 I insert the words "but which I do not claim as
"part of my present Invention," and at line 26 of the same page 9 I strike out the
word "the" at commencement of line, and at page 11 line 10 after the word
compensating "Tinsert the word "apparatus," and on page 11 lines 21 to 23
after the word " elipso " I strike out the words " and this inay be applied either at
"the junction of a down angle within the tube at its junction with a horizontal tube
or tube of lesser longitudinal angle so as to form an antifriction brow" and I insert
therefor the words "and this may be placed within the tube at the angle thereof
"formed by a change of giado in the line of the road and," and on page 12 luno 5
after the word " employ" insert the words "but do not claim as part of my
present Invention," and I strike out on pago 12 the whole of the words com-
"First" on the line 16 and ending line 18 with the word " forth," and on
mencing
the same pago 12 I strike out the word "Secondly" commencing line 19 and sub-
stitute the word "Firstly" and on the same page line 23 after the word "surface"
I insert the words " which is made on one or both sides of it as shewn at Figues
4,6 11" and I strike out on same page 12 line 26 the word "Thirdly" and I
substitute the word "Secondly" and on page 12 line 31 1 strike out the word
Er
*
#t
"
#
and at la page 12 after the words and in I sinko out the word an
A
"
Fourthly" and insert therefor the word "Thirdly and I strike out the whole of
the words in lines 35 and 36 page 12 and on page 13 the whole of the words in
lines 1 and 2.
And the said Specification when so disclaimed altered and amended omitting
formal parts and as painted by the Queen's Punters will read as follows.―
the
A
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of Letters Patent filed by
the said Andrew Smith Hallidie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
October 1875.
ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE of No. 19 Salisbury Street Strand London and of
San Francisco California US "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY AND ROAD CAR
"TRACTION AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITII.”
"This Invention relates to a novel mode of propelling load on tramway cais by
means of endless 1opes or chains actuated by a steam engine or other motoi, and
may be descubed as follows
EX
-
A tube of sufficient capacity to contain at proper intervals of distance grooved
"sheeves (on or under which a rope or chain may travel) is placed beneath the
"surface of the street, and between or alongside and parallel to or with the rails

page_text: C
grooves, or tram plates or track The tube is provided with an opening or slit
on the upper side running along its entire length, and sufficiently wide to admit
of the passage of a steel shank down therethrough, but not wide enough to admit
the wheel tire of any ordinary cari lage
"Where there is a double track two tubes are used, but where there is only a
"single track one tube is employed, and it is furnished with two sets of sliceves,
"and it will contain both paits of the travelling 10pe which would run therein in
opposite duections
it
"At a suitable place (the end of the line being preferred) and connected by
"suitable gear to the steam or other engine or motor are mounted the grip
pulleys or other suitable devices by which the power is transmitted to an
"endless rope or chain (and a steel wire rope is preferred) to set ▲ in motion
"The rope or chain after passing around the grip pulley or pulleys aforesaid
passes through the tube resting on the supporting sleeves to the lower end of the
line, from thence it passes round a houzontal shoeve fixed to an adjusting
"frame for compensating for expansion and contraction of the rope and back
"
"
"
second
A
through the tube (if a second tube is used) to the place of starting
"The gup pulley being set in motion transmits motion to the rope or chain
"which constantly travels in the tube on the supporting sleeves during the tune of
working
"I am aware that the foregoing general anlangement has been at various times
"the subject of previous Patents and I wish it to be understood that I do not
"claim the same as part of my present Invention but refer to it to elucidate the
" modus open and of iny said Invention
"
"
"Where the line of route is comparatively level, or is a true line between two
given points, sheeves on the bottom of the tube are only required to support the
travelling rope, but when the grade valles considerably in order to keep the line
"of the rope parallel to the surface of the street or road upper sheaves will be
required in the tube at the points where there is a change of the angle upwards
"Thus in such cases the rope travels over the lower sheeves and under the upper
⚫ sheeves sufficient space being left between the line of the upper and the lower
"sheeves to permit the foot of the gupping attachment passing between them
"
"
"The track may be laid in the ordinary way, except that when there are cross
sleepers they must be cut between the rails and are then securely connected to
"the tube or tubes, the slit or opening being in the upper side of the tube, and
"it is formed on one side of its vertical centie line or axis, and not vertically
over the rope or sheeves, thus dirt or small stones are prevented from falling
"thereon
<
"
"In order to transmit the motion of the rope in the tube to the car in the street
"I attach to the car or to a dummy" (if preferred) a device which I call a
gripper or a gripping attachment the shank of which passes down through
"the shit or opening into the tube This shank should (preferably) be made of
"steel and say about five inches wide by five-eighth of an inch thick in which
case the longitudinal shit in the tube need not be over seven-eighth of an inch
" wide
"
"The " gripping attachment" or gripper consists of an iron frame fastened to
"the body of the car or "dummy" It is furnished at its upper end with a hand
"wheel and nut fitted to a hollow or other screw, which reaches from the frame to
"the body of the car to which it is secured. At the lower end of this screw is
"attached the steel shank which has a dovetailed groove in its length, a slide
"works therein by means of a nut and hand wheel working in a screw at the
upper end of the slide The lower end of the slide is furnished with a wedge-
shaped piece, which actuates two horizontal slides at right angles to the slide
"that works in the shank of the large hollow screw.
Ef
et
6
"The horizontal slides may be fitted with semicircular grooves of sufficient
size to grasp or grip the rope On each side of the horizontal slides, which I call

page_text: when
A
"jaws" are small grooved guide sheeves, which are mounted slightly in advance
by means of rubber or other springs
The sheeves are used for the purpose of
"guiding the travelling rope into and from the jaws, so that the jaws ale
"not in firin contact with the rope the sheaves retain the rope in position, and
"allow of its running freely between them
lowered
the
"The operation is as follows -The rope being in motion the gripper is
"by means of the large hollow screw through an opening in the tube to a propel
"level over the rope, the jaws are then opened by turning the nut and lowering
"the side and wedge, the grip is then dropped over the rope, the jaws are
"closed by reversing the nut of the slide, so that the sheeves hold the rope,
grip is then raised sufficiently high to clear the supporting sheeves and to pass
"under the upper sheeves in the tube, the car is now ready to start, this 13
"effected by raising the vertical slide and wedge sufficiently high by means of the
nut, which brings the jaws on to the rope, thus gupping it and forcing back the
guide sheeves on to the springs
"
"
«
с
"
"
"When it is desired to stop the car or the dummy the vertical slide is lowered
(by a turn or two of the small hand wheel), which releases the rope from the
Jaws, and then permits it freely to run between the guide sheeves, part of the
same apparatus The foot of the gripper is 1 or L shape which enables it to
pass under the upper sheeves of the tube without impediment
"The clip pulleys (or gup pulleys), by which the power is transmitted to the
"traction rope are constructed by forming the rim or periphery of the pulley (or
"wheel proper) in two parts, which are bolted together. These are book-like in
cross section, and hold within them the actual clip pieces, each pair of which are
"fice to rock or vibrate to and from each other radially, and so allowing of com-
pensating action and variation in the distance apart and in the gupping action.
"In the accompanying Sheet of Diawings I have shewn some illustrative views
"of my Invention and details of parts thereof by which the subject will be found
"to be thoroughly elucidated.
"5
"
CE
St
A
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a longitudinal tube fitted
internally with supporting pullies for receiving the running rope working within
"each tube, and it shews also a passenger car and the dummy carnage in front
thereof, upon which dummy caiiiage passengers are also intended to be carried
"This dummy cariage has fitted the front end thereof the anangement for
connecting it with the rope though the shank of the gripping attachment, the
upper end of this shank being connected by means of a screw langement
"heieinafter described by which the conductor or person in charge can partially
"release the 1ope to admit of its running through the gripper without permitting
"of the 1ope dropping therefiom, or being entirely released so as to cause it to
" become detached from the dummy on to the bearing pullies within the tube, and
so ceasing to act as a propelling agent or means of traction
"
"The tiam car shown as connected to the duminy carriage is fitted with brake
" and skid arrangement to enable it to be stopped on an incline in descending or
ascending
"
"
Figure 2 shows in section bioken off or detached from Figure 1, and is intended
" to represent a portion of the tube and the disposition of the "brow pulley" o1
"sheave where the change of angle takes place, whilst Figure 3 shows a similar
longitudinal section of a portion of a tube forming the bottom of an incline at or
near to its junction with the horizontal portion of Figure 1
"
"f
"
"Figure 4 is a transverse section to an enlarged scale, of two tubes with then
fittings, in connection with which a timber framed track is shown for a double
"line of tramway This view exhibits the arrangement and disposition of the
"cucular tubes with the vertical slot in each by which the connection is made
"between the running rope and the tiam calliages to be hauled It also shows
"the running sheaves and their carriages fitted upon the interior bottom of each a
" tube.

page_text: "
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section to an enlarged scale of 3 lengths sections, or
portions of a double tube or arrangement for working the up-and-down lengths
of the running 10pe within the saine shell, Figure 6 is a cross section of the
same this double or compound tube having fitted within it two sets of sheaves,
one on each side of the longitudinal division or linc, and having also two longi-
"tudinal slots by which the shank of each set of gripping attachments may in turn
or at the proper time pass (respectively) up or down
"
E
jaws
Figure 9 shows a contrivance which 1 piefer to employ in connection with the
"motion dium around which the endless rope passes, but which I do not claim as
"part of my present Invention such A as are shown in Figure 9 being fitted
upon and surrounding the periphery of the motion tiansinitting drum such
"diving or motion tiansmitting drum may be mounted upon a travelling carriage
"fitted with apparatus for taking up the slack of the endless 1ope, and allowing
"for its expansion and contraction or the elongations or shortenings which may
"fiom various causes requne to be provided for
"
Figure 10 is a plan view of a main road and a branch load thereout of, in the
"double portion of which the up and down 10pe both work (in the same tube),
"such for instance as that shown in transverse acction by Figure 6 whilst the
cui ve portions branch thereout of, the lines between the rails showing the
longitudinal slit in each tube
"
"
Figure 11 is a transverse section of an elliptic tube, shown as being cast i
"three parts or portions, the lower running on bearing sheaves being shown as
"fitted in line along the longitudinal axis, or line of the tube, and it shows the
position of the shank and foot of the gupper and gripping apparatus
"
"
Figure 12 is a longitudinal view of Figure 11, showing the end flanches for
connecting up the lengths and the flanches for receiving the transverse bearers of
"the road formation
"
"
64
"
"
"
"
Figures 13, 14 and 15 are views of the gupper apparatus and the shank which
passes through the slit in each tube
a5
"The following are the letters of reference indicating like portions or parts in
" each view-a, a the tube, 6 b, libs and flanches thereof, c, c lugs for
supporting the ties &c, of the road framework, & the supporting sheaves, e the
"endless ope f the slit or opening though which the shank of the gupper
passes from the flame of the dummy or cal floor, g, g the ties oi sleepers,
h, h stingers, 2, 2 the rails, 1 &c the grippers, h, the biake, 1, 1 &c the
body and fame of the car, m, m the screw arrangement for raising the
T'he
gupper to its proper level by means of the hand wheels and nuts n, n
"shide and screw used for opening and closing the jaws that gup the rope are
"indicated by o, o, and the hand wheel and nut for operating the jaws are shown
At the lower end of the slide o is a wedge shape piece q which acts
5 P, P
" upon the Jars, ?, and gives to them a motion at light angles to that of o, o
"The Jaws have attached to them guide pullies 8, 8, 8, 8, to lead the rope fair into
"and off from the jaws 7, which gup the rope These four pullies are held
slightly in advance of the jaws by means of adjustable rubber springs t, t, t, t so
"that when it is desired to stop the cai the jaws r, r are slightly separated by
lowering the wedge q, q, and releasing the rope from the firm grip, and so permits
" of its running freely through the guide pullies 8, 8 &c The springs t, t &c
"hold the rope within the small guiding pullies The lower end or shank of the
screw m, m, is indicated by u, u and is attached thereto. The shank is preferred
"to be made about inch thick and in steel so that it is sufficiently thin to allow
" of its passing through the slit f in the tube
66
"
re
"
two
"In the longitudinal section of the tube Figure 2, is a supporting sheave
placed at the downward change of angle of the tube, whilst d, d are the
supporting sheaves, and w is an upper sheave or friction 1oller so arranged as to
keep the rope down in its proper place at the change of angle of tube upwards
carried
"The endless 1ope is as herein descubed, up one tube and down the

page_text: "
се
«
"
"other over a suitably large sheave placed at the upper end of the incline when
"the traction apparatus is employed for working an incline or where there is a
Junction formed between one set of hauling apparatus and another on level or
nearly level lines of tramways, whilst at the bottom of the incline or the opposite
"ends of a double arrangement, as just mentioned or referred to, the steam engine
or other motor or driving power is applied, and the endless rope is there passed
over a suitable combination of sheaves or pullies, the main diving or transmitting
pulley being (by preference) formed with its periphery having gripping jaws
surrounding it, as shown at Figure 9, whilst the slack of the rope or its shortening
is compensated for by the horizontal drum or pulley arrangements having a com-
pensating slide or carriage, which is caused to travel in a slide, or groove, and has
* connected there with a compensating apparatus or counter weight sufficient to
"maintain the working strain upon the endless ope
"
"
"
"
"
65
48
"A contrivance which I have found useful in some cases and in certain
"situations where it is required to increase the radius of the cucle around which
the rope has to bend, 19 by employing an oval form or body, and around which
on the periphery thereof is placed a number of friction wheels, connected together
"either by links or mounted upon a flexible chain frame or band, the running
rope in tuin passing over or partially around this series of independent olleis
" which form an antifuction surface, the curve of which may be varied by the
extension of the major axis of the oval or elipse, and this may be placed within the
"tube at the angle thereof formed by a change of grade in the line of the road
"and where a pulley of sufficiently large diameter could- not-easily be introduced.
"On a larger scale it may be applied horizontally at the upper ends of the tubes,
"where the rope emerges therefrom, and where from the distance apart of the tubes
"it may be desned to introduce a horizontal pulley or drum in closer proximity
to the ends thereof than could be effected by a circular dium or sheave without
"the addition of angle pullies and other contrivances
.
"
"
I
Having now described the chief features of my Invention and generally the
"node in which I prefer to apply my said Invention in practice, in such instances
$15 I have described, both by means of two independent lines of tubes and also by
means of compound or double tubes as herein described and illustrated, not only
"for meeting places where two lines of tramways on tracks have to converge,
approach and intersect each other or be combined together and diverge there-
"from, or under other encumstances where such provision becomes necessary
"and whether also the elevation of such tramways or tracks be horizontal
or inclined, on a scries of inclines in combination with shorter or longer lengths
" of levels for the facility of crossing such loads at right angles or other wise
"wish it to be understood that in every case I employ but do not claim as part of
my present Invention for these purposes an endless rope by preference (although
a chain may in some cases be employed), and whether such endless lope be
"driven by means of a motor placed at the bottom of an incline, or at the top
"thereof (as in some cases it may be), or whether two separately worked arrange-
"ments of endless ropes may be so combined together and worked that the driving
gear of each may be at the extreme or more distant ends, and the return of each
endless rope may be situate between two extreme ends, or be situate in repetition
"and continuation at or after the termination of each section or return pulley,
«dium or sheave that what I claim 18,-
<
"
"
16
"
E
"
Fustly The mode of hauling or propelling street cars or carriages by means of
a constantly travelling endless rope running in a tube or tubes) as herein described,
and which rope is kept in position at intervals by shcaves below and above as
"herein set forth, cach tube having a longitudinal slit or opening on its uppei
"surface which is made on one or both sides of it as shown in Figures 46 II
and having suitable openings at convenient distances to enable the sheaves or
"the gupper to be withdrawn, all substantially as heiein described and set forth
Secondly The construction and mode of working the gripper, as herein
"described for the purpose of catching and releasing tho travelling rope together
"

page_text: "with its L shaped foot to enable it to pass over and under the sheaves fitted
"within the tube, substantially in the manner and for the purposes heroin set
"forth
"
"
Thirdly The arrangement and construction of antifriction sheaves working on
an oval form or body for the purpose of maintaining the rope in position at biows
or changes of angle and in other situations as herein described"
In witness whereof I the said Andrew Smith Hallidio have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Eighth day of April in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty
Witness
11 H M SMITHI
San Francisco
California
United States of America
ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE
(LS)
I hereby giant my fiat giving leave to the within named Andrew Smith
Hallidie to file in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which
the same relates the above written Disclamer and Memorandum of Alteration
Dated this Twenty third day of July, AD, 1880
FARRER HERSCHELL

page_text: THE HALLIDIE PATENT CABLE TRAMWAYS CORPORATION'S
DISCLAIMER & MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
Filed 3rd December 1883.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME WE THE HALLIDIE
PATENT CABLE TRAMWAYS CORPORATION LIMITED of Victoria Mansions Victoria
Street in the City of Westminster hereinafter called the said Company Send
Greeting WHEREAS Der Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland bearing date at
Westminster the Second day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy five in the Thirty eighth year of Her reign did for Herself
Hei heirs and successors give and grant unto Andrew Smith Hallidie his executors
administrators and assigns Her special license full power sole privilege and
authority that the said Andrew Smith Hallidie his executors administrators or
assigns of such others as he the said Andrew Smith Hallidie his executors
administrators or assigns should at any time agree with and no others from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and
lawfully might make use exercise and vend within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY AND ROAD CAR TRACTION AND IN THE MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH " for and during the term of fourteen
years thence next ensuing upon the condition (amongst others) that the said
Andrew Smith Hallidie his executors or administrators by an instrument in
writing under his hand and seal should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to be performed
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent AND
WHEREAS the said Andrew Smith Hallidie did accordingly on the First day of
October in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy five
cause a Specification in writing under his hand and seal purporting to particularly
describe the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to be
peiformed to be duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office AND WHEREAS the said
Andrew Smith Hallidie did on the Twenty sixth day of July One thousand eight
bundred and eighty by and with the leave of Her Majestys Solicitor General file
a Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration of certain parts of the said Specifi-
cation and the claims made therein AND WHEREAS by Indenture bearing date the

page_text: Thirtieth day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty three and made between Henry Farmsby Mills Gentleman of the first part
The English Foreign and Colonial Patent Cable Tramway Company Limited
of the second part and the said Company of the third part the said parties
thereto of the first and second parts assigned unto the said Company (inter
alra) the herein before recited Letters Patent and all rights powers authorities
privileges advantages profits emoluments and benefits to the said Letters Patent
appertaining or belonging AND WHEREAS since the filing of the said Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration as aforesaid and since the date of the said Indenture
We the said Company have been advised that the said Specification and Claim as
altered and amended by the said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
contain matters which are not of sufficient practical value and utility to justify
their retention and also that the second claiming clause contained in the said
Specification as altered and amended by the said Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration might be held to be too wide as including a claim to that whereof
a description had been published in the United Kingdom before the date of
the said Letters Patent and that we the said Company are therefore desnous of
further amending the said Specification by limiting the said second claiming clause
and striking out the thud claiming clause and otherwise amending the said
Specification as hereafter more fully appearing NOW KNOW YE that We the
said Company by and with the leave of Her Majestys Solicitor General and for
the reasons aforesaid do alter and amend the said Specification as follows that is to
say
We strike out the words "the car or to " which occur at line 40 of page 3
of the Queens Printers copy of the said Specification as altered and amended by
the aforesaid Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration and published at the
Commissioners of Patents Sale Department in One thousand eight hundred and
eighty. We also strike out the words ("if preferred ") which occur at the said
Line 40 We also strike out the words "car or" which occur at line 47 of the said
page 3 We also insert after the word "dummy" which occurs at the said line 47
the words "ei-its-equivalent Iso as to be permanently and steadily supported
We also strike out the word "car" which occurs at line 49 of the said pago 3 and
substitute therefor the word "dummy" We also insert the words "dummy and'
between the words "and" and "the" which occur at line 54 of page 4 of the
said copy of the said Specification and we strike out the said word "
We also stake out the words "or car" which occur at line 34 of page 5 of the
said copy of the said Specification Wo also strike out "&" which occurs after the
letters "" and also after the letters "11" at line 35 of the said page 5. Wo
also insert after the word "car " which occurs at line 36 of the said page 5 the
words "and dummy" We also strike out " & "which occurs after the letters,"tt'
at line 47 of the said page 5 We also strike out the whole of the paragraph
commencing with the words "a contrivance which" which occur at line 14 of
page 6 of the said copy of the said Specification and ending with the words "and
*other contrivances" which occur at line 28 of the said page G. We also stike
out the word "that" which occurs at line 48 of the said page 6 and substitute
therefor the words "In my complete Specification as originally filed I referred to
" and described a mode of attaching the gripping device to an ordinary carriage
as well as to a dummy or vehicle which is used as a permanent and steady
support for the gupper such use of the gripping devico when attached to a
carriage is of small or no practical utility and I therefore desire to disclaim such
$
"
" use.
14
"3
the."
"" and the letters
I also claimed the construction of as well as the mode of working the
gripper but I desire now to make no separate claim to the construction of the
gupper but" We also strike out the words "construction and" which occur in
the Second claiming clause at line 56 of the said page 6. We also strike out the
words " as herein described for the purpose of catching and cleasing the travelling
1ope together with its shaped foot to enable it to pass over and under the
"sheaves fitted within the tube" which occur at lines 56 and 57 of the said page 6
and at lines 1 and 2 of page 7 of the said copy of the said Specification and
65

page_text: substitute therefor the words “ upon a separate vehiclo or dummy'
stiko out the thud claiming clause of the said Specification
"
We also
And in Oider that the effect of the said Disclanner may be clearly understood
We annex hereunto a copy of the said Specification as it will appear when so
amended the preamble and testing clause being omitted
"This Invention relates to a novel mode of propelling load or tramway cars.
"by means of endless ropes or chains actuated by a steam engine or other motor
" and may be described as follows,
"
"A tube of sufficient capacity to contain at proper intervals of distance grooved
"sheaves (on or under which a rope or chain may travel) is placed beneath the
surface of the street and between oi alongside and parallel to or with the rails
grooves or tram plates or track The tube is provided with an opening or slit
on the upper side running along its entire length and sufficiently wido to admit
"of the passage of a steel shank down therethrough but not wide enough to
"admit the wheel the of any ordinary carriage
"
"
"Where there is a double track two tubes are used but where there is only a
single track one tube is employed and it is furnished with two sets of sheeves
" and it will contain both parts of the travelling rope which would run therein in
opposite directions
#
ongino or
"At a suitable place (the end of the line being preferred) and connected by
"suitable gear to the steam or other motor are mounted the gup pulleys
" or other suitable devices by which the power is transmitted to an endless rope
oi chain (and a steel wire rope is preferred) to set it in motion
f
65
"The rope or chain after passing around the gip pulley or pulleys aforesaid passes
through the tube resting on the supporting sheaves to the lower end of the line
"from thence it passes round a horizontal sheave fixed to an adjusting frame for
compensating for expansion and contraction of the rope and back through tho
"second tube (if a second tube is used) to the place of starting
"The grip pulley being set in motion transmits motion to the rope or chain
"which constantly travels in the tube on the supporting sheaves during the time
" of working
"I am aware that the foregoing general arrangement has been at various times
"the subject of previous Patents and I wish it to be understood that I do not
"claim the same as part of my present Invention but 10fei to, it to elucidate the
" modus operandi of my said Invention
"1
"
"Where the line of route is comparatively level or is a true line between two
given points, sheaves on the bottom of the tube are only required to support the
travelling rope, but when the grade varies considerably in oider to keep the line
"of the rope parallel to the surface of the street or load upper sheaves will be
required in the tube at the points where there is a change of the angle upwards
Thus in such cases the 10po travels over the lower sheaves and under the upper
"sheaves sufficient space being left between the line of the upper and the lower
"sheaves to permit the foot of the gripping attachment passing between them
"
"
"
"
"The track may be laid in the ordinary way except that when there are cross
sleepers they must be cut between the rails and are then securely connected to
"the tube or tubes the slit or opening being in the upper side of the tube and it
is formed on one side of its vertical centre line or axis and not vertically over
"the 1ope or sheaves, thus dirt or small stones are prevented from falling thereon
"In order to transmit the motion of the rope in the tube to the car in the
"street I attach to a "dummy "a device which I call a "gripper" or a gripping
"attachment the shank of which passes down through the slit or opening into the
tube
This shank should (preferably) be made of steel and say about five
"inches wide by five eighths of an inch thick in which case the longitudinal slit
in the tube need not be over seven eighth of an inch wide.
$1
"
"The "gripping attachment" or gripper consists of an iron frame fastened to the
body of the "dummy" or its equivalent so as to be permanently and steadily
"-supported. It is furnished at its upper end with a hand wheel and nut fitted to a

page_text: "hollow or other screw which reaches from the frame to the body of the dummy
" to which it is secured At the lower end of this screw is attached the steel shank
"which has a dove-tailed groove in its length a slide works therein by means of a
"nut and hand wheel working in a screw at the upper end of the slide The
"lower end of the slide is furnished with a wedge shaped pieco which actuates
"two horizontal slides at right angles to the slide that works in the shank of the
large hollow screw
6
"
16
33
"The horizontal slides may be fitted with semi-circular grooves of sufficient size to
grasp or grip the rope On each side of the horizontal slides which I call "Jaws'
are small grooved guide sheaves which are mounted slightly in advance by means
" of rubber or other springs The sheaves are used for the purpose of guiding the
travelling tope into and from the jaws so that when the jaws are not in firin
"contact with the rope the sheaves retain the rope in position and allow of its
"running freely between them
"
R
"
"The operation is as follows The rope being in motion the gripper is lowered
by means of the large hollow screw through an opening in the tube to a propel
"level over the 1ope, the jaws are then opened by turning the nut and lowering
"the slide and wedge, the grip is then dropped over the rope, the jaws are
closed by reversing the nut of the slide so that the sheaves hold the rope, the
grip is then raised sufficiently high to clear the supporting sheaves and to pass
"under the upper sheaves in the tube, the car is now ready to start, this is
effected by raising the vertical slide and wedge sufficiently high by means of the
"nut which brings the jaws on to the rope thus gripping-it-and forcing back the
guide sheaves on to the springs.
"
"
寻味
"
"When it is desired to stop the car or the dummy the vertical slide is lowered
(by a turn or two of the small hand wheel) which releases the rope from the
Jaws and then permits it freely to run between the guide sheaves, part of the
"same apparatus. The foot of the gripper is 1 or L shape which enables it to
pass under the upper sheaves of the tube without impediment
6
"The clip pulleys (or grip pulleys) by which the power is transmitted to the
"traction rope are constructed by forming the rim o periphery of the pulley (or
"wheel proper) in two parts which are bolted together. These are hook-like in
cross-section and hold within them the actual clip pieces, each pair of which are
"free to rock or vibrate to and from each other adially and so allowing of
compensating action and variation in the distance apart and in the gripping
" action.
#
"
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings I have shewn some illustrative views
"of my Invention and details of parts thereof by which the subject will be found
"to be thoroughly elucidated
"
Figure 1 is a longitudinal Section of a portion of a longitudinal tube fitted
"internally with supporting pulleys for receiving the running rope working
" within each tube and it shews also a passenger car and the dummy carriage in
"front thereof upon which dummy calliage passengers are also intended to be
"carried. This dummy calliage has fitted at the front end thereof the airange-
"ment for connecting it with the rope through the shank of the gripping
"attachment, the upper end of this shank being connected by means of a screw
arrangement hereinafter described by which the conductor or person in charge
can partially release the rope to adquit of its running through the gupper
"without permitting of the rope dropping therefrom or being entirely released so
as to cause it to become detached from the dummy on to the bearing pullies
" within the tube and so ceasing to act as a propelling agent or means of
" traction.
"
66
"
"The tram car shewn as connected to the dummy carriage is fitted with brake
" and skid arrangement to enable it to be stopped on au incline in descending or
ascending.
Figure 2 shews in Section broken off or detached from figure 1, and is intended
" to represent a portion of the tube and the disposition of the "brow pulley” or

page_text: "sheave where the change of angle takes place; whilst figure 3 shews a similar
14
longitudinal Section of a portion of a tube forming the bottom of an incline at
or near to its junction with the horizontal portion of figure 1.
"Figure 4 is a transverse Section to an enlarged Scale of two tubes with their
"fittings in connection with which a timber framed track 18 shewn for a double
"line of tramway
This view exhibits the arrangement and disposition of the
"cucular tubes with the vertical slot in each by which the connection is made
"between the running rope and dummy and tram carriages to be hauled. It also
"shews the running sheaves and their carriages fitted upon the interior bottom of
"each tube
⚫ Figure 5 is a longitudinal Section to an enlarged Scale of three lengths Sections
or portions of a double tube or arrangement for working the up-and-down
"lengths of the running 1opo within the same shell; Figure 6 is a cross-section of
the same, this double or compound tube having fitted within it two sets of
"sheaves one on each side of the longitudinal division or line and having also two
"longitudinal slots by which the shank of each set of gripping attachments may
in tuin or at the proper time pass (respectively) up or down.
Figure 9 shows a contrivance which I prefer to employ in connection with the
"motion drum around which the endless rope passes; but which I do not claim as
"part of my present Invention such jaws as are shewn in figure 9 being fitted upon
"and surrounding the periphery of the motion transmitting drum such duving or
"motion transmitting druin may be mounted upon a travelling carriage fitted
"with apparatus for taking up the slack of the endless rope and allowing for its
expansion and contraction or the elongations or shortenings which may from
"various causes require to be provided for
"Figure 10 is a plan view of a main road and a branch road thereout of, in
"the double portion of which the up and down rope both work (in the same tube)
such for instance as that shown in transverse section by figure 6 whilst the
curve portions branch thereout of, the lines between the rails shewing the
"longitudinal slit in each tube.
"
66
Figure 11 is a transverse section of an elliptic tube shewn as being cast in
"three parts or portions, the lower running or bearing sheaves being shewn as
"fitted in line along the longitudinal axis or line of the tube and it shews the
position of the shank and foot of the gripper and gripping apparatus.
"f
66
Figure 12 is a longitudinal view of figure 11, shewing the end flanches for
connecting up the lengths and the flanches for receiving the transverse bearers of
"the road formation.
EE
"
"
Figures 13, 14 and 15 are views of the gripper apparatus and the shank which
passes through the slit in each tube
"The following are the letters of reference indicating like portions or parts in
"each view a, a, the tube, b, b ribs and flanches thereof, c, c, lugs for sup-
porting the ties &°. of the road framework, d the supporting sheaves; e. the
"endless rope, f, the slit or opening through which the shank of the gripper
passes from the frame of the dummy floor, g, g, the ties or sleepers, h, h, stringers,
1, 2, the rails, 1, 3, the grippers, k, h, the brake, l, l, the body and frame of the
car and dummy, m m the screw arrangement for raising the gripper to its
proper level by means of the hand wheels and nuts n, n.-The slide and screw
"used for opening and closing the jaws that grip the rope are indicated by o, o,
"and the hand-wheel and nut for operating the jaws are shewn as p, p.-At the
lower end of the slide o, is a wedge shape piece q, which acts upon the two
Jaws 7, 7, and gives to them a motion at right angles to that of o, o,-The jaws
"have attached to them guide pullies, 8, 8, 8, 8, to lead the rope fair into and off
"from the jaws r, r, which grip the rope-These four pullies are held slightly in
"advance of the jaws by means of adjustable rubber springs, t, t, t, t, so that when
"it is desired to stop the car, the jaws r, r. are slightly separated by lowering the
"wedge 9, 9, and releasing the rope from the firm grip and so permits of its
running freely through the guide pullies 8, 8, &c.-The springs t, t, hold the rope
"

page_text: "within the small guiding pullies -The lower end or shank of the Screw, m, m, is
"indicated by u, u, and is attached thereto -The Shank is preferred to be made
"about three quarters of an inch thick and in Steel so that it is sufficiently thin
" to allow of its passing through the shit f, in the tube
"
1
སྨཱ ཏྠ བྷཱུ
"
1
"In the longitudinal Section of the tube, figure 2, v, is a supporting Sheave
placed at the downward change of angle of the tube, whilst d, d, are the
supporting sheaves and w, is an upper sheave or fiction roller so arranged
as to keep the rope down in its proper place at the change of angle of tube
upwards.
"The endless rope is as herein described carried up one tube and down the other
over a suitably large sheave placed at the upper end of the incline when the
"traction apparatus is employed for working an incline or where there is a junction
"formed between one set of hauling apparatus and another on level or nearly level
"lines of tramways, whilst at the bottom of the incline or the opposite ends of a
"double arrangement, as just mentioned or referred to, the Steam engine or other
"motor or diving power is applied and the endless rope is there passed over a
suitable combination of Sheaves or pullies, the main driving or transmitting
pulley being (by preference) formed with its periphery having gupping jaws
suliounding it, as shewn at figure 9, whilst the slack of the rope or its shortening
is compensated for by the horizontal dium or pulley arrangements having a
compensating slide or carriage which is caused to travel in a slide or groove and
"has connected therewith a compensating apparatus or counterweight sufficient to
"-maintain-the working stain upon the endless rope.
"
6
$1
"
$6
"
"
"
古龍
Having now described the chief features of my Invention and generally -the
"mode in which I prefer to apply my said Invention in practice, in such instances
" 08 I have described, both by means of two independent lines of tubes and also
by means of compound or double tubes as herein described and illustrated, not
only for meeting places, where two lines of tramways or tracks have to converge,
approach and intersect each other or be combined together and diverge there-
"from or under other circumstances where such provision becomes necessary and
"whether also the elevation of such tramways or tracks be horizontal or inclined
or a series of inclines in combination with shorter or longer lengths of lovels
"for the facility of crossing such roads at right angles or otherwise I wish it to
"be understood that in every case I employ but do not claim as part of my piesent
"Invention for these purposes an endless ope by preference (although a chain
may in some cases be employed) and whether such endless rope be duiven by
means of a notor placed at the bottom of an incline or at the top thereof (as
in some cases it may be,) or whether two separately worked arrangements of
"endless ropes may be so combined together and worked that the driving gear of
"each may be at the extreme or more distant ends and the return of each endless
rope may be situate between two extreme ends or be situate in repetition and
" continuation at or after the termination of each section or retuin pulley dium
" 01 sheave
"
"
"
"
-
"In my complete Specification as originally filed, I referred to and described a
"mode of attaching the gupping device to an ordinary carriage as well as to a
dummy or Vehicle which is used as a permanent and steady support for the
guppei Such use of the gripping device when attached to a carriage is of small
or no practical utility and I therefore desne to disclaim such use.-I also claimed
"the construction of as well as the mode of working the gripper but I desno
now to inake no separate claim to the construction of the gripper, but what I
" claim is
"
st
Firstly, The mode of hauling or propelling Street cars or carriages by means
" of a constantly travelling endless rope running in a tube (or tubes) as herein
"described, and which ope is kept in position at intervals by sheaves below and
"above as herein set forth, cach tube having a longitudinal slit or opening on its
upper surface which is made on one or both sides of it as shewn in figuies 4, 6,
11, and having suitable openings at convenient distances to enable the sheaves
"
"

page_text: "
or the gripper to be withdrawn, all substantially as herein described and set
" forth
2
Secondly, The mode of working the gripper upon a separate Vehicle or dummy
"substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set-forth."
In witness whereof we have hereunto caused our Common Seal to be affixed
the Tenth day of October One thousand eight hundred and eighty three
TAUAT Nh T ATTIATAN
Patent Law Amendment Act 1852
Notice of the application for leave to file this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration having been advertized in accordance with my directions
-
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Hallidie Patent
Cable Tramways Corporation Limited to file in the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents with the Specification to which the same relates the foregoing
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
Dated this twenty-third day of November 1883