IMPROVEMENTS IN INDUCTION APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRIC CURRENTS:
Year: 1885

page_text: I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane;
in the county of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDUCTION APPARATUS
FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRIC CURRENTS: " and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
It has been found that induction apparatus hitherto known, namely Ruhmkorff's
apparatus as well as the newest apparatus of Gauland and Gibbs are unsuitably
constructed.
Especially when electric currents of great strength are intended to be transformed
by means of such induction coils, it should be the endeavor to obtain as favoráblé a
useful effect as possible and to produce with the smallest quantity of copper the
greatest possible effect, inasmuch as the smaller the applied weight of copper may
be, the lower will be the degree of heating, and consequently also the loss of strength
to be expected.
It has been found that the constructors of the apparatus hitherto in use have in
particular made an error in this way that they paid greater attention to the copper
wires than to the iron cores, whereas it is believed that the distribution of the iron
is the most important factor.
All induction apparatus hitherto in use were made in the form of a bobbin with
two or more coils as shewn in fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings. A much
better result has already been obtained by my correspondents, by making a ring of
insulated iron wires, in a similar manner to the iron armature of a Gramme ring:
This ring is surrounded with copper wires as shewn in fig. 2 in such a way, that
the electric current flows through all the convolutions of the primary wrapping in
the same direction and therefore no magnetic poles will be generated in the iron-
core; one part of the wire. convolutions takes up the inducing current, whilst the
other part gives off the induced currents.
The induction effect is thus the same in each convolution of the coils, quite in
opposition to the induction bobbins hitherto in use, where the effect in the middle
wires was a great deal stronger than on the outer parts of the bobbins.
The effect is considerably more favorable in the inverted arrangement, as shewn
in fig. 3; two or more bobbins are made of insulated copper-wire and are formed
into a ring. Round this ring magnetically insulated iron wire is wound as tightly
as possible.

page_text: From the ring of copper wire two or more ends are taken for conducting the
induced current. The mode of connection of the iron wires is quite different.
Figs. 4 and 5 and also fig. 6 shew modifications of such an induction apparatus
in which the convolutions of copper wire are enveloped round about with iron
wires. In lieu of iron wires, iron plates may also be employed; these plates need
not be spirally connected together; they are piled up one over the other like the
elements of a dry Voltaic pile with insulating sheets between them. Into the hole
stamped out in the middle and passing through the whole plate column, are intro-
duced the insulated copper wires and suitably connected for induction. In fig. 5
two plate,columns-are represented and in fig. 6. four. The number of these
columns or bobbins of iron wire may of course be increased at will. But the
direction of the current in two wires, the columns whereof touch one another, is
always inverse.
Fig 7 shews another construction of these induction apparatus. Iron plates
of any optional shape, are here employed, a great number of which are piled one
over the other, but so that each two plates are separated by an insulating sheet.
This plate column is perforated at several places preferably in such manner that
the perforations are identical in all the plates or sheets.
In these holes, the copper wires are passed to and fro as shewn in the figure, that
is to say, in such a way that the current in two parallel contiguous branches of the
wire must flow in opposite directions. Or the wires may be passed in continuous
convolutions. The induction effect of such a plate column upon the wires has then
in each branch of the wire the same value and the several effects thus united give
a very high result.
"
In lieu of employing insulating sheets the plates themselves may be covered with
an insulating mass, such as varnish, lac etc., and then be piled one over the other.
It will be evident that the above described method of construction is capable of
being modified in a great variety of ways, both as regards the number of coils, the
number and shape of the plates and of the conductors which may be either copper
wires, bars or tubes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
"
1, The construction and use of induction-apparatus as herein described with
reference to figure 2 of the drawings wherein the iron core is formed as an annulus
of circular or other shape.
2, The construction and use of induction apparatus as herein described and
shewn in figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings wherein the core consists of the
inducting and induced copper wires, which are entirely surrounded with magnetically
insulated iron wires or magnetically insulated iron plates, the shape being either
circular or polygonal of composed of several columns, as shewn in fig. 6.
•
3, The construction and use of induction apparatus as herein. described and
shewn in fig. 7.consisting of magnetically insulated iron plates, which are perforated
at several places, with insulated copper wires passing through the perforations
disposed either in windings passing to and fro or in continuous convolutions.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 29th day of October 1886, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Induction Apparatus for Transforming Electric
Currents.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDUCTION APPARATUS
"and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRIC CURRENTS:
statement:
It has been found that induction apparatus hitherto known, namely Ruhmkorff's
apparatus as well as the newest apparatus of Gauland and Gibbs are unsuitably
constructed.
Especially when electric currents of great strength are intended to be transformed
by means of such induction coils, it should be the endeavor to obtain as favorable
a useful effect as possible and to produce with the smallest quantity of copper the
greatest possible effect, inasmuch as the smaller the applied weight of copper may be,
the lower will be the degree of heating, and consequently also the loss of strength
to be expected.
..:
It has been found that the constructors of the apparatus hitherto in use have in
particular made an error in this way that they paid greater attention to the copper
wires than to the iron cores, whereas it is believed that the distribution of the iron
is the most important factor.
All induction apparatus hitherto in use were made in the form of a bobbin with
two or more coils as shewn in fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings. A much
better result has already been obtained by my correspondents, by making a ring of

page_text: insulated iron wires, in a similar manner to the iron arinature of a Gramme ring.
This ring is surrounded with copper wires as shewn in fig. 2 in such a way, that
the electric current flows through all the convolutions of the primary wrapping in
the same direction and therefore no magnetic poles will be generated in the iron-
core; one part of the wire convolutions takes up the inducing current, whilst the
other part gives off the induced currents.
The induction effect is thus the same in each convolution of the coils, quite in
opposition to the induction bobbins hitherto in use, where the effect in the middle
wires was a great deal stronger than on the outer parts of the bobbins.
The effect is considerably more favorable in the inverted arrangement, as shewn
in fig. 3; two or more bobbins are made of insulated copper-wire and are formed
into a ring. Round this ring magnetically insulated iron wire is wound as tightly
as possible.
From the ring of copper wire two or more ends are taken for conducting the
induced current. The mode of connection of the iron wires is quite different.
Figs. 4 and 5 and also fig. 6 shew modifications of such an induction apparatus
in which the convolutions of copper wire are enveloped round about with iron
wires. In lieu of iron wires, iron plates may also be employed; these plates need
not be spirally connected together; they are piled up one over the other like the
elements of a dry Voltaic pile with insulating sheets between them. Into the hole
stamped out in the middle and passing through the whole plate column, are intro-
duced the insulated copper wires and suitably connected for induction. In fig. 5
two plate-columns are represented and in fig. 6 four. The number of these
columns or bobbins of iron wire may of course be increased at will. But the
direction of the current in two wires, the columns whereof touch one another, is
always inverse.
of
Fig. 7 shews another construction of these induction apparatus. Iron plates
any optional shape are here employed, a great number of which are piled one
over the other, but so that each two plates are separated by an insulating sheet.
This plate column is perforated at several places preferably in such manner that
the perforations are identical in all the plates or sheets.
In these holes, the copper wires are passed to and fro as shewn in the figure, that
is to say, in such a way that the current in two parallel contiguous branches of the
wire must flow in opposite directions. Or the wires may be passed in continuous
convolutions. The induction effect of such a plate column upon the wires has then
in each branch of the wire the same value and the several effects thus united give
a very high result.
In lieu of employing insulating sheets the plates themselves may be covered with
an insulating mass, such as varnish, lac etc., and then be piled one over the other.
It will be evident that the above described method of construction is capable of
being modified in a great variety of ways, both as regards the number of coils, the
number and shape of the plates and of the conductors which may be either copper
wires, bars or tubes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
,
1, The construction and use of induction apparatus as herein described with
reference to figure 2 of the drawings wherein the iron core is formed as an annulus
of circular or other shape.
The construction and use of induction apparatus as herein described and
shewn in figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings wherein the core consists of the
inducting and induced copper wires, which are entirely surrounded with magnetically
insulated iron wires or inagnetically insulated iron plates, the shape being either
circular or polygonal of composed of several columns, as shewn in fig. 6.

page_text: 2 The construction and use of induction apparatus as herein described and
shewn in fig. 7 consisting of magnetically insulated iron plates, which are perforated
at several places, with insulated copper wires passing through the perforations
disposed either in windings passing to and fro or in continuous convolutions.