matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners for Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1872.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of the City of Bath, Esquire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO SAFETY VALVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing safety valves to be acted on or
opened by a pyrometer, thermometer, or other apparatus expanded or
moved by heat, and I use by preference an oil thermometer. The
pyrometer, thermometer, or other apparatus, is acted on by the heat
of the steam or water in the boiler, and being thereby expanded or
moved acts through the intermediation of rods, levers, or equivalent
devices upon the valve, thus opening it and allowing the steam to
escape. As the heat of the steam and water in the boiler is always in
a ratio to the pressure of the steam the pyrometer or other apparatus
can be so adjusted as to cause the escape valve to be opened at any
desired amount of pressure, the valve being motionless until this
pressure is attained.
And as the employment of weights or springs to keep the escape or
safety valve shut is objectionable I sometimes use a valve which is

page_text: kept shut by the pressure of the steam, or partly by the pressure of the
steam, and is opened by a pyrometer, thermometer, or other apparatus.
This may be effected by having a steam chest on the top of the boiler
and opening into it, in which chest is a valve opening upwards against
the steam; a lever or rod is attached to the valve and is acted on by a
pyrometer, thermometer, or other apparatus.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FRONTS FOR PERSONAL WEAR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred George Speight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1872.
I, Alfred George Speight, of Spencer Street, Goswell Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FRONTS FOR
PERSONAL WEAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to fronts used as shirt fronts, habit shirt fronts,
and like articles of apparel of a cheap description. These cheap fronts
have hitherto been made of paper, and combined cloth and paper. A
more expensive article has been made of plaits of linen or other textile
fabric sewn or stitched to a ground of textile fabric.
°
Now the object of my Invention is to manufacture a very cheap and
serviceable front, which shall be flexible or supple, and shall present an
effective appearance. For this purpose prepare a number of strips or
narrow bands to represent or simulate plaits. I make these strips or
bands of linen or other textile fabric, and I councel them by means of
cement or adhesive material to a ground of linen or other textile fabric.

page_text: A cheap front is thus obtained. It is cheap and of effective appearance,
resembling an ordinary sewn linen plaited front. The finish of the linen
or fabric is preserved, and a supplementary finishing process is not
required.
The mode of applying the cement, and of attaching the plaits most
suitable for the purpose, is as follows:-The ground is placed on a flat
rigid surface or in a frame. Register pins or points are used to mark
the centre, or a plate may be employed for the purpose.
In order to apply the cementing substance blocks are used, cut,
formed, or made to such shape that the cementing substance shall only 1
be applied to the required parts. The blocks are coated with the said
substance, the strips or picces of linen or other textile fabric arc applied
on the blocks, and hence only receive the cementing substance on the
required parts and not clsewhere. For this purpose the blocks may be
cut to the required shape so as to present surfaces carrying the cement- 1
ing substance so that the cementing surface is only brought into
contact with the fabric at the parts required. Also for this purpose
pieces of the required shape may be attached to the blocks to form
cementing surfaces.
Dlaite on atring of diffonant malow
The front may be moulded to the required shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSULES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Mark Franklin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1872.-A communication from abroad by
Peter Pyne and Samuel Maurice, both of 33, Rue Vivienne, Paris,
France.
I, FRANCIS MARK FRANKLIN, of No. 18, Noble Street, in the City
of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSULES," a communication to me
from abroad by Peter Pyne and Samuel Maurice, both of 33, Rue
Vivienne, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the peculiar construction of a metallic
capsule applicable to every description of bottle, jar, can, or box. The
capsule is formed in the ordinary way, with an opening in the centre.
Within the case is fitted a shield or slide which works on a pivot or
small screw, and next to this shield I place a cork washer secured in
its place by another thin metallic washer, both having a similar sized

page_text: opening in the centre as that in the top of the capsule, and when the
capsule is fastened on to the bottle, jar, can, or box, by means of cement
or any other ordinary known process, the cork is pressed on to the shield
so that until the shield or slide uncovers the opening in the top of
the capsule the bottle, jar, can, or box is hermetically closed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW SASH STOP OR FASTENER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Burstow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 29th
November 1872.
I, EDWARD BURSTOW, of Horsham, in the County of Sussex, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED WINDOW SASH STOP OR FASTENER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of a sash stop or fastener
which shall be so far self-acting as to be fastened by the act of closing
the window, which shall secure the window when a short distance open
for ventilation, which shall be secure against being opened from without,
and shall be simple in its construction.
The means by which I propose to effect this object are as follows :—
I construct a sash stop or fastener in two parts, one to be attached to
cach sash. That to be attached to the lower sash consists of a bolt
turning on a horizontal pin, also an arm or lever by which it is thrown
forwards, and a drop or tumbler by which it is securely held in that
position. The part attached to the upper or outer sash consists of a
plate having a vertical slot, into which the said bolt catches, and a stud

page_text: by which the said arm or lever is lifted. The said bolt and arm or lever
are supported between vertical plates rising from a base plate attached
to the inner or lower sash. The bolt, the shape of which somewhat
resembles the letter Z, is centred on a horizontal pin near the lower left
hand angle. The arm or lever is attached to the plates by a horizontal
pin situate about an inch farther back or to the right, and carries a pin,
which projects horizontally under the bolt about midway between the
two centres, so that when the free end of the arm or lever is lifted by the
stud on the other sash the pin lifts the tail of the bolt and tips the
other end forward into the slot in the vertical plate attached to the outer
or upper sash. The stud by which the lever is lifted is attached to a
spring at the back of the plate, and projects through a hole close beside
the slot into which the bolt catches. The stud is bevelled or rounded off
both upwards and downwards, so as to pass readily the meeting bar of
the lower sash, by which it is pushed back into the plate in passing. 1
The drop or tumbler by which the bolt is secured against being pushed
back from without by the introduction of any instrument between the
sashes consists of a drop or tumbler suspended from the tail end of the
bolt, part of which, when the bolt is turned forwards falls into the space
between the tail of the bolt and the base plate. The end of the drop or a
tumbler is turned upwards and outwards, and forms a little handle by
which it is withdrawn and the bolt pulled back by one motion of the
hand.
The above arrangement admits of several modifications, and can be so
arranged that the self-acting part can be thrown out of gear if desired
by centreing the arm or lever on an excentric by means of which it can
be thrown back out of reach of the stud on the other plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FELT HATS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Carrington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th March 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD CARRINGTON, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FELT HATS," to be
as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists in so constructing felt hats that the same
uniform piece of felt is adapted for being worn either as a high or a low
crowned hat, in travelling as a protection for the whole of the head.
In performing my Invention I make the felt of sufficient size for the
high crowned form, and in order to convert it into a low crowned hat
I double up the felt near the band in a telescope form so as to make two
or more folds of felt, the lower fold being by preference flush with the
brim.

page_text: In order to make the high crowned hat of the same internal size as
the low one, a strip of leather or other material is applied to the inside
of the band, which when required can be hooked up to contract the
space; when used for travelling the apparatus for contracting the space
is not required.
AN IMPROVED COUNTING APPARATUS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Millar at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1872.
I, ADAM MILLAR, Mechanician, of 1, High Holborn, London, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COUNTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Firstly. In making a counter similar in mechanism to an engine
counter so reduced in size that the box or case may be easily carried
in one hand, at the same time allowing the finger or thumb to move
the projecting arm or lever which actuates the counting wheels.
Secondly. In combining a counting apparatus of small size with
a note-book or similar appliance for writing in or upon.
The aforesaid improvements are not confined to counters for simple
numbers, but may be applied to counters for money, weights, and
measures.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS WITHOUT DISTURBING THE CONTENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Youngman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the
10th August 1872.
I, WILLIAM YOUNGMAN, of Lowestoft, in the County of Suffolk,
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS WITHOUT
DISTURBING THE CONTENTS,” to be as follows :—
According to this Invention apparatus or mechanism is arranged for
the purpose of lifting and lowering casks containing wine or other fluids
having grounds or sediment therein, the apparatus being so arranged
that the cask or other vessel may be readily raised or lowered in order
to allow the contents to be racked or drawn off, without disturbing the
grounds or destroying the brightness of the wine or other fluid when
drawn off.
For this purpose according to one method of carrying my Invention
into practice I so arrange the apparatus that it can be readily placed
over or applied to a cask or other vessel containing wine or other fluids
and by which it can be easily raised and tilted by manual power, into a

page_text: suitable position for drawing off the contents. The power is obtained by
means of a right and left hand screw, actuated by a winch handle, hand
wheel, or otherwise, the said screws taking into toothed wheels fixed
upon spindles or axes which revolve in bearings carried by the framing
of the apparatus. Drums are mounted upon these spindles to which
bands or chains are attached, the other ends of tho straps or chains
being connected to a sling or frame, arranged so as to support the cask
or other vessel whilst in the act of being lifted by winding up the bands
on to the drums.
When raised to the height required the cask or vessel may be tilted
by simply placing a cross bar across the framing, or it may be tilted by
means of a lever, screw, or otherwise.
Pulleys and cords suitably arranged and mounted upon the framing of
the apparatus for lifting the cask or vessel may be substituted for the
arrangement of mechanism previously described without departing from
the novel character of my Invention.
The apparatus may be mounted upon wheels or otherwise so as to be
readily moved from place to place as required.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO COATS AND WAISTCOATS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holmes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1872.
I, JOHN HOLMEs, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO COATS AND WAISTCOATS," to be as follows:-
The features of novelty of this Invention consist in connecting the
fore parts of a waistcoat to a coat instead of having the waistcoat
separate from the coat as is now the case. By this Invention the
necessity for having a back to the waistcoat is dispensed with, and the
sit of the coat very much improved when the waistcoat is buttoned, and
the undue flying open of the coat prevented or very much lessened.
I propose to affix or attach the two fore parts of a waistcoat to a
coat by sewing them to the inner side of each of the fore parts of the
coat in such a manner as that the waistcoat shall button properly on
the body of the wearer, or instead of sewing the waistcoat to the coat
as above stated the parts of the waistcoat might be attached to the

page_text: coat by hooks and eyes or other suitable means so as to enable waist-
coats of different kinds or patterns to be worn with the same coat or
with another coat. Also in the case of washing waistcoats to enable
them to be readily detached for that purpose and attached when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Brooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1872.
I, SAMUEL BROOKE, of the Firm of Samuel Brooke and Company, of
Brighouse, in the County of York, Card Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to
be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in the construction and application of one
or more taking-off strippers or card rollers, having a spiral strip or band
of emery interspersed or intervening at suitable distances apart in or
between rings of filleting or card clothing, for the purpose of grinding
the cards on the workers, breast, swift, and doffers whilst at ordinary
work in stripping the fibre therefrom.
The method of constructing such strippers or rollers is by first
preparing a narrow strip of card filleting and winding it spirally upon
a roller of the same or any suitable diameter, and introducing liquid
glue or other gummy substance and emery into or amongst the card
teeth, filling the interstices thereof full to the points of the teeth; then

page_text: while the glue or other substance is setting I separate the strip at its
adjoining sides, and then when fully set remove the same from the
roller and wind it on the stripper roller alternately with the ordinary
card filleting. Or bands of a composition of india-rubber or gutta
percha with emery or other similar substances or materials possessing
the quality of grinding may be used for this purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMBING OF WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Bradley, William
Waring, and Feargus Waring at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th March 1872.
We, CHRISTOPHER BRADLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Wool Comb Maker, WILLIAM Waring, and FEARGUS WARING, both
of the said Bradford, Overlookers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMBING OF WOOL,
SILK, AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that class of apparatus for combing wool and
other fibres in which the feeding of the fibre to be combed is through
boxes or feed troughs.
Hitherto in the use of such feeding means as in what are commonly
known in the trade as "Noble's" machines it is found that the feeding is
irregular, and the object of the Invention is to remedy this evil. For
this purpose we apply an extra feed knife or incline between the
conductors and the feed boxes or troughs, in order to press on the
fibre at that part, and thereby obtain a more regular and accurate feed

page_text: thereof; such extra feed knife or incline being either a fixture or
moveable so as to rise and fall to press on the fibre under operation.
The motion employed may be by eccentric, cam, or other ordinary
means to give the necessary dabbing or rising and falling action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Adolphe Dormoy and
Frederick Arthur Paget at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st July 1872.
We, PIERRE ADOLPHE DORMOY, Engineer, and FREDERICK ARTHUR
PAGET, Engineer, both of 1, Seymour Chambers, Adelphi, W.C., in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
:―
Our improvements relate more especially to furnaces known to iron-
workers under the designation of double puddling furnaces. We apply
to such furnaces at one only of the doors the revolving puddling rabble
for which a Patent was granted to Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, on the
5th of November A.D. 1866, as a communication from Pierre Adolphe
Dormoy. At the opposite door another workman scrapes with an
ordinary light rabble the metal towards the revolving rabble. To allow
the easier working of the revolving rabble the fore plate or its bit is
hollowed out. The revolving rabble is inserted into or removed from
the furnace by means of a chain and hook suspended from above and
hooked on the rabble when it is no longer supported by the belt. A
:

page_text: trestle serves to keep the rabbles a short distance from the ground; and
also to straighten them, either by turning them round when hot, or by
striking them with a hammer.
•
Instead of the usual form of bed a conical basin with rapidly tapering
sides is employed both for single and double puddling furnaces. It is 5
shaped or cast in one or more pieces, and is cooled by a jet of water
directed against any portion of its outer circumference.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION-left by Joseph Barton at the Office of
the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1872.
I, JOSEPH BARTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the method of constructing and mounting the.
fire-bars of furnaces and to an arrangement of mechanism for giving a
rocking motion to the same for the purpose of clearing the bars and pre-
venting the formation of clinkers.
I make the fire-bars with journals or pivots at each end supported in
suitable holes or recesses in the bearers. Each bar is provided with a
tooth or projection from about the centre of its lower side, and these
teeth. or projections take V-shaped notches or recesses in a bar or
rack which passes beneath them all. The ends of this bar or rack are
each jointed to a short lever or link, the front lever or link being keyed
fast upon a rocking shaft, and the rear lever or link carried in fixed

page_text: The rocking shaft is supported at each end in bearings attached to the
front part of the furnace, and at or near one end of the said shaft is
keyed a lever by means of which a rocking motion can be given to the
shaft, and by means of the links and notched bar or rack will com-
municato a corresponding rocking motion to the fire-bars.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOLLEN YARNS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hepworth and Henry
Hepworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th January 1872.
We, JAMES HEPWORTH and HENRY HEPWORTH, of Batley Carr,
near Dewsbury, in the County of York, Woollen Spinners and
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOLLEN
YARNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery technically known as "spinning
mules," and the improvements have especial reference to that class of
mule now made or adapted for spinning warp yarns, and to means of
rendering the same readily adaptable for spinning weft yarn, which has
heretofore been effected by the application of a bobbin driver con-
structed of wire coiled so as to fit around the spindle at the proper place,
but which very soon gets out of order and requires to be replaced by
another.
Now our improvements consist in the application of a boss of wood or
other suitable material constructed to fit on the spindle and rest upon the

page_text: ordinary collar or bearing for the cop, and of suitable length and form
to be a support to and driver of the weft bobbin for spinning weft yarn
upon. This boss is turned cylindrical and made hollow, or of less
diameter in the middle to receive a few coils of the yarn after a bobbin
has been filled and preparatory to the doffing thereof. Staples or pins
are fixed in the bottom of said boss to fit notches formed in the collar or
bearing for driving the same, and the top part of the said boss is flattened
and tapered on two opposite sides, so that the staples in the weft bobbin
will readily catch on each side to be driven thereby, and so that in
placing the bobbin on the spindle it will readily find its place or catch
on the flat of the boss. This boss fits tight on the spindle so that in
doffing it will not be lifted in the breaking of the yarn or change of
bobbin, and by having the bosses tapered they can be readily cleaned or
cleared of the accumulation of waste.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constantine De Negri at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1872.
I, CONSTANTINE DE NEGRI, of the Hornsey Iron Works, Hornsey
Road, in the Parish of Islington, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a machine for reducing wood fibre shavings
or other fibrous material to pulp, and the following is a description
of the machine and the manner in which it is to be used according
to this Invention:-The machine consists of a hollow flat cylinder open
at the upper end and fitted with a cover, and of a flat disc within it
which is driven by a shaft passing through the bottom of the cylinder;
the upper surface of the disc as well as the inner surface of the cover
are recessed to receive thin steel plates alternately packed with thin
pieces of wood, the edges of the steel plates being at an angle to the
radii of the disc, and those on the disc crossing at an angle those

page_text: on the cover of the cylinder in such a manner that when the disc
revolves the end of any steel plate nearest the axis of rotation on
the disc shall come in contact first with the same end of any steel plate
on the cover, forming surfaces of thin steel edges which can be brought
into close proximity. In the centre and on the top of the cover there
is a hopper, the lower part of which is formed to receive two rollers
whose circumferences being in proximity and being covered with steel
edges similar to those on the disc and cover already described, are driven
at different speeds and towards one another on their upper circum-
ferences. The fibrous material to be reduced to pulp is mixed with
water and passed into the hopper being drawn in as well as partly
reduced by the rollers which in their turn introduce it between the
lower surface of the cover and the upper one of the disc, these complete
the pulping, and it is allowed to come out by a hole at the edge of the
cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1872.-A communication from abroad by Arthur Quinn,
of Brooklyn, County of Kings, and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:
This Invention consists in the manufacture or provision of horse-shoes
of vulcanized india-rubber or caoutchouc, or any other equivalent sub-
stance, of which a highly elastic shoe of sufficient toughness to resist
any of
wear may be obtained, which said shoes I propose to make in
the known forms or styles now used, into which the said material can be
successfully wrought by forming in moulds or otherwise.
And this Invention also consists in the manufacture or provision of
horse-shoes by a combination of the vulcanized india-rubber, caoutchouc,
and other equivalent substances and iron or steel, by enclosing a bar of
steel or iron in an exterior of india-rubber or by an upper plate of iron

page_text: or steel and an under surface of india-rubber or other equivalent sub-
stance fastened together, the said shoes to be provided with calks of the
same material in any approved form, or they may have calks of metal
if preferred, and they will be secured to the hoofs of horses by nails or
screws as other shoes are. The rubber will be made sufficiently hard to
withstand the wear it will be subjected to, but not so hard as to break
readily. Thus I propose to provide shoes very much easier for the
horses and calculated to preserve their feet from the shocks they are
subjected to on pavements, prevent slipping on ice, increase the traction
for draft, and that will allow of greater speed, especially in the case
of tender footed animals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Palmer, Alfred Pickup,
and Samuel Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th August 1872.
We, THOMAS PALMER, ALFRED PICKUP, and SAMUEL CARTER, of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention can be applied to sewing machines of all descriptions,
but it relates more especially to those of the Wheeler and Wilson
principle.
Instead of fastening the cloth plate on the body of the machine by
screws as at present, we fasten it by means of bars, catches, or springs
placed at the back, front, side, or bottom of the machine, thereby
dispensing with the necessity of using screwdrivers or similar tools,
and enabling the plate to be removed with facility.
Another improvement relates to the arm which carries the cloth
presser, and instead of having it stationary as at present, we hold it
by a screw, spring, or catch, so that it can be turned or swivelled as
required when the screw, spring, or catch is unlocked, and thereby
facilitate the setting of the needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FASTENERS FOR BINDING PAPERS AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND MACHINERY FOR THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Henry Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1872.
I, ALFRED HENRY HART, of Gresham Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FASTENERS FOR BINDING PAPERS AND OTHER MATERIALS,
AND MACHINERY FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates to the manufacture of what are commonly
known as paper fasteners, and which are also applicable for binding
together materials, such as patterns of cloth and other articles.
Such fasteners as made hitherto have commonly had sharp feather
edges left on the prongs after being cut out by the ordinary tools, which
rough feather edge is objectionable inasmuch as the article has a rough
unfinished appearance, and this sharp edge is very liable to cut the
fingers of the person using the fastener.
According to my Invention I finish the fasteners by removing these
sharp feather edges by grinding the fastener between a pair of grinding
surfaces, by which the width of the fastener is slightly reduced. The
fastener having been cut out and pressed into shape by the ordinary

page_text: tools, I fix it in a suitable holder or clamp and insert it between two
grinding surfaces, by which the objectionable edges are removed on both
sides at once, as well as at the point, which may be ground at the same
operation. The grinding surfaces may be rotary, in which case they
consist of two steel discs mounted on the same spindle the width of the
finished fastener apart. The two inner faces are cut with fine file teeth,
and the edges of the discs are bevelled to the same angle as the point of
the fastener, such bevelled edges being also file cut. Rotary motion
being imparted to the discs the fastener (securely held by its clamp) is
. inserted between the discs, by which both edges are ground at once.
Immediately the fastener is withdrawn the clamp in which it is held is
moved laterally so as to bring the point of the shank against the
bevelled edge first of one and then of the other disc, by which the edges
of the shank at the point are ground smooth also.
It is not necessary to subject the head or plate of the fastener to the
action of the discs, and the shank or prongs may be made narrower than
the head, it being preferred to have the latter wider than the shank in
order to obtain a firmer hold of the paper or other material, and com-
pletely conceal the hole made by the shank.
Instead of rotary discs a pair of stationary plates or files may be
employed, between which the article is passed by a movable clamp. In
this case the cutting surfaces would be held at a slightly greater distance
apart than the width of the fastener at the end where the latter is
introduced, while at the other end the cutting surfaces are brought
closer together by the action of springs or their equivalents in order to
exercise the requisite action on the edges of the fastener as it is passed
between them.
AN IMPROVED GLOVE FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING PLATE AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Viles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1872.
I, JAMES VILES, of Ashford, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GLOVE FOR
CLEANING AND POLISHING PLATE AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention relates to the manufacture of gloves from india-
rubber for cleaning and polishing plate and for other similar purposes.
These gloves are made by preference of pure india-rubber, which is
moulded to fit the hand when partially closed. The gloves are formed
with a thickness of about one-fourth of an inch, more or less, on the palm
or part that comes in contact with the plate in the process of cleaning
and polishing, and the other parts of the necessary thickness to
retain the glove upon the hand. The fingers of the gloves to about the
first joint are made in the ordinary form, and from this point to the
hand they are open on the back though the little finger is by. preference
more covered than the other fingers. The thumb I prefer to make in
the ordinary form, in order to give support to the glove; but the back of

page_text: the hand is left uncovered, and a band is formed at the wrist which is
extended so as to fasten with a buckle or other convenient means. The
gloves might be secured by buttons, but I prefer buckles. The strap
may be sewed on, but I mould it with the other parts of the glove.
When the band is released, the back of the glove is open and is only
secured to the hand by means of the end of the fingers and the thumb,
and therefore may be readily placed upon the hand or removed therefrom
as may be required. A second band may be employed, extending from
the fork of the thumb and finger diagonally towards the opposite side of
the wrist, but this band will not generally be found necessary. Should
the second band be employed, it would be secured in the same manner as
the wrist band.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE DOORS AND STEPS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Large at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1872.
I, JOHN LARGE, of Lyneham, in the County of Wilts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO THE DOORS AND STEPS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent accidents such as now
frequently happen by persons falling between railway station platforms
and the carriages, and also to preclude the possibility of thieves passing
along the steps from carriage to carriage while the train is in motion.
My Invention consists in fixing below the door a horizontal plate of
iron or other suitable material which moves in and out with the door as
the latter is closed or opened on its hinges in the ordinary manner; thus
when the door is closed the said plate of iron slides under the floor of
the carriage, and when the door is opened the said plate moves out and
forms a step or temporary platform which covers the space between the
door and the station platform; it is therefore impossible for a passenger

page_text: in getting into or out of the carriage to fall between the carriage and
the station platform; the ordinary steps may be dispensed with.
To make the plate move easily under the carriage floor, one or more
rollers, balls, or other ordinary antifriction devices may be provided under
the carriage floor for the plate to bear upon.
AN IMPROVED CONTRIVANCE FOR SECURING FALSE HAIR ON LADIES' HEADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Placide Doré at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1872.
I, LOUIS PLACIDE DORÉ, of Store Street, Bedford Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Hairdresser, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONTRIVANCE FOR SECURING FALSE HAIR ON
LADIES' HEADS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to a simple and convenient contrivance for
securing a chignon or other false hair upon a lady's head, and it is
designed to obviate the inconvenience occasioned by the use of a comb
for this purpose. The constant pressure of a comb on the top of the
head is not only very painful, especially when the skin is tender, but it
is very injurious to the hair, in some cases entirely destroying the same
apon the most conspicuous part of the head.
The said Invention consists in the peculiar construction of a frame
which is worn instead of a comb to carry the chignon or other false hair.
One portion of the said frame is shaped to fit and extend over the crown
of the head. This portion is made of thin flat metal springs, and the

page_text: sides are covered on the upper surface with some soft material, such as
hair enclosed within a fine net. The chignon is secured to a spring or
bar forming the top of the frame, and the pad is secured by sewing
or other suitable means. The lower part of the said frame is made of
any suitable thin metal or other material covered on the upper side with
some soft substance, as above described; it is circular in form and is
secured to the side pieces or springs of the upper part by small rivets or
other convenient means.
In using my improved contrivance, the same is placed on the crown
of the head, the natural hair is made up in a knot or tuft and drawn
through the circular portion of the frame; then pins are passed through
the soft substance of the frame into the natural hair drawn through the
circular portion thereof, the said frame being thereby secured upon the
head. The chignon is attached, as aforesaid, to the upper bar or spring
of the frame, and falls over it, completely concealing the same and the
pad. When properly put on, the said contrivance will be found
exceeding comfortable, and will permit the chignon to be worn without
pain or injurious effect upon the natural hair.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR HEATING IRON BARS AND SHEET IRON PLATES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rees Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1872.
I, REES TAYLOR, of Briton Ferry, in the County of Glamorgan, Agent
for Patent Machines for Manufacturing Tin Plates, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
FOR HEATING IRON BARS AND SHEET IRON PLATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of furnaces for heating iron
bars and sheet iron plates both for the first heating process, and for the
finishing process of thick iron and also sheet iron, whether the plates
have to be coated with other metals or not, whereby greater facilities for
heating are obtained, and also a better preparation of the plates for after
treatment.
The furnace or furnaces have one or more partitions lengthwise built
up or nearly up to the roof or crown so as to divide the heat from the
fire-place, and thus produce a more even temperature throughout or
over the bed of the furnace upon which the bars and the plates are
placed. I propose.to arrange the bars in one chamber, and the thin or

page_text: reduced plates in the other chamber, the partition or partitions pre-
venting a chill or change of temperature being imparted to the bars or
plates in one chamber when inserting fresh bars or plates into the other,
or by the coldness of the fresh inserted bars or plates. By this method
of construction a much longer time can be given for heating the bars,
the bars can also be arranged in the furnace in larger quantities and
be more evenly heated than by the present method.
The construction of furnaces according to my Invention is specially
applicable for the treatment of iron from which black iron sheets and
also sheets to be coated with tin, lead, zinc, or other metals are made.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECORDING VOTES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Oppenheimer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1872.
I, JOSEPH OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RECORDING VOTES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
WITH," to be as follows:-
HERE
My Invention consists in an arrangement for recording votes, which I
will in the first place suppose to be in secret, whereby the necessity for
ballot papers, cards, or other such articles are dispensed with, and at the
same time the number of votes for each candidate is recorded.
To effect these objects I propose to provide a lobby divided into
compartments, each of which is labelled with the name of a candidate
and beneath each name is a knob or other such projecting part which
the voter presses accordingly as he desires to record his vote. Upon
doing this the said knob is thrust inwards and held by a rack or similar
mechanical means and cannot therefore he used again until it is released,
as hereafter to be mentioned.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR HOSE AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1872.
I, CHARLES JOHN SMITH, of Northampton, in the County of North-
ampton, Superintendant of Fire Brigade, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR HOSE AND OTHER
PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the coupling of hose used in con-
nection with fire engines, the object being to facilitate the connection of
hose pipes and to render the use of a wrench unnecessary, the loss and
absence of which at a fire is of serious consequence.
Instead of forming the coupling ring as heretofore with studs to
receive the wrench for turning it, I joint to the ring a handle (or it may
be a pair of handles) which will fold down out of the way when the hose
is being coiled up, but will always be at hand when required for use.
The handle when moved outwards for use will by preference stand at an
incline, and thus prevent the liability of the fireman when turning the
ring to couple up the hose striking his knuckles against the handles on

page_text: the male portion of the coupling. By thus providing the coupling ring
I am enabled to save an appreciable amount of time in the attachment
of the hose, and as the use of a wrench is dispensed with the Invention
may also be beneficially applied in breweries, tanneries, chemical works,
and other establishments where hose or other pipes are employed
requiring frequent attachment and detachment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR "REHEATING IRON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Legge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patcuts, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1872.
I, JOHN LEGGE, of Ellen Rolling Mills, Maryport, in the County of
Cumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR "REHEATING IRON," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in furnaces used for
reheating iron, such for example as scrap and ball furnaces, has for
its object to produce therein a cinder suitable for the fettling of
puddling furnaces. The Invention is carried into effect by forming
the bottoms of such furnaces of iron plates, and carrying them on
columns, or on walls, so that the air may circulate freely on the outer
surfaces of the bottom plates.
The furnaces are provided with a tap hole, the lower edge of which
is situated a short distance above the upper surface of the bottom
plates; thus when a layer of oxide of iron has accumulated thereon
through the oxidation of the iron constituting the charge it becomes

page_text: impossible to render the iron plates bare by drawing of the liquid oxide
through the tap hole, as that portion below the tap hole cannot flow out
of the furnace. By means of thus arranging the furnaces the bottom
plates are always preserved by the oxide of iron, the use of sand bottoms
is dispensed with, and that portion of the oxide which is drawn off is
available for fettling puddling furnaces.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watson Spencer, of Newcastle-on-Tyne,
in the County of Northumberland, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON."
Scaled the 4th April 1873, and dated the 30th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by the said John Watson Spencer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th December 1872.
I, JOHN WATSON SPENCER, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in the production of iron by bringing reducing
gases, or if necessary gases and air under pressure in contact with oxides,
or oxides and fluxes, or oxides, fluxes, and carbonising materials in a
furnace or reducing chamber where they have previously or not been
brought to a temperature sufficiently high to enable combination to take

page_text: place, thereby reducing metals from their oxides direct as a successful
commercial operation.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-The gas is
obtained from any producer whereby carbonic oxide, hydrogen, hydro-
carbons, or other reducing gases are produced and is conducted into the
cylinder or chamber of a blowing engine or other machine or apparatus
for the transmission of gas or air under pressure. It is thence forced
together with air if necessary into the furnace or reducing chamber
where the oxides, or oxides and fluxes, or oxides, fluxes, and carbonising
materials have previously or not been heated to a sufficiently high
temperature to ensure combination taking place.
The gases if necessary are conducted through purifiers as also through
any heating apparatus on their route to the furnace or reducing
chamber.
The form of furnace or reducing chamber is immaterial to this :
Invention.