Improvements in "Sulky" Spring-tooth Harrows.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application,. 11th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1895-Accepted, 17th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in "Sulky" Spring-tooth Harrows.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAы, of. 191,. Fleet Street, in. the
City of. London, Givil. Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention. (a communication. from The J. W. Mann. Manu-
facturing, Company, Limited, of Brockville,,in the. Province of Ontario; Dominion
of Canada;, Manufacturers,), to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of "sulky"" or
two-wheeled spring-tooth harrows, and consists in means for manipulating the
harrow teeth, whereby their points are forced into; and maintained at a uniform
depth beneath the surface of the ground; and' when required, raised clear'above
the surface of the ground;. with a view to their travelling over roads, or enabling,
them to pass' obstructions'; for strengthening the teeth, and for adjusting them to
any desired distance' apart: The invention also relates to means for securing the
tooth bars upon the side bars!
In carrying out this invention, the vehicle frame is furnished with a' rocking*
shaft journalled in the side bars' or in drop brackets attached to the side' bars, and
disposed in the rear of the main axlė, said rocking, shaft being provided with arms'
extending over the harrow sections. A lever keyed' on the rocking: shaft; and'
furnished with a' spring bolt, works over a notched quadrant; and serves to hold'
the said shaft in the required position: To the rear of each harrow'section is
secured the lower end of a C-shaped spring, the bow of which extends rearwards';.
the upper end of each spring rising above the arms on the rocking shaft and being
connected' therewith by a chain or other suitable' means: The arms are further
connected with the lower end of each spring, or with the rear of the harrow
section, in order to ensure the teeth of the harrow being raised free of the ground
to allow the machine to travel'on roads. On moving the lever' over in a rearward'
direction, the arm, through the medium of the chain; will draw down the upper
end of the spring and cause a downward pressure upon the harrow'sections thereby
forcing them into the ground;; the springs yielding sufficiently to permit the free
passage of the teeth over any obstructions. On moving the lever over in the
opposite direction, the tension exerted on the upper end of the spring is released
and the lower end of the spring pulled upwards; thereby, causing the teeth to be
raised free of the ground.
According to a' modification, the C-spring may be supplemented by an S-spring;
the upper end thereof being secured to the rocking, shaft and the lower end taking
a bearing on. the. harrow section. In this arrangement; the rocking, shaft carries.
quadrants from which the harrow sections are suspended by chains.
In a further modification, the upper end' of each C-spring is connected with the
rearwardly extending arm on the rocking shaft by means of a link attached by a
Bolt and nut to the arm. The arms are recessed at one end to fit on the rocking
shaft and are connected thereto by a clip; a number of holes being provided in
the said: arm whereby the position of the link may be varied and the pressure
exerted on the harrow section by the spring increased or diminished: The outer
extremity of the arm may be forked or bifurated' for the reception of the chain.
which connects said arm with the lower end of the spring the chain being
retained in connection with said arm-
n by'a pin or key. The arm is formed with
wings or ears to prevent the ends of the pin being caught by the chain.

page_text: These
Runners or trailing pieces may be provided at the rear of the harrow sections
for regulating the depth of penetration into the ground of the teeth.
runners may be made in sections, and secured together by clips or other
suitable fastenings, so as to be capable of adjustment nearer to or further from
the ground.
To reinforce the harrow teeth, to strengthen the same at the heel, and prevent
breakage at that part, when subjected to a reverse action by being suddenly
released, auxiliary springs are fitted in the back of the teeth, said auxiliary
springs approximating in shape to the configuration of the heel portion of the
tooth. One end of the spring is clipped, together with the heel of the tooth, to
the tooth-bar, the other end being held in position on the tooth by a sleeve or
socket which slides on the tooth. The end of the spring is slightly turned upward,
and engages in a recess in the sleeve. The tooth and auxiliary spring are fastened
to the tooth-bar by a rectangular plate having flanges which fit against and cover
the side edges of both the tooth and auxiliary spring; thereby preserving their
alignment and preventing then being twisted out of position. At diagonally
opposite corners, the plate is formed with downwardly projecting lugs which fit
into the angles of intersection of the tooth and tooth-bar; the other corners of
the plate carrying lugs provided with holes for the reception of an L-shaped
clip or bolt secured in position by a tightening nut. By loosening the nuts the
adjustment of the teeth (together with the auxiliary spring) on the tooth-bar to
any desired distance apart may be readily accomplished. A projection is by
preference formed on the plate for entering holes provided for its reception in the
spring and tooth.
The up-turned ends of the tooth-bars are connected to the side bars by an
intervening rectangular plate or washer formed with flanges, two projecting from
each side thereof. Two of these flanges, on one side, fit against the sides of the
up-turned end of the tooth-bar, and the two flanges on the other side of the plate
fit against the upper and lower edges of the side bar. A holt passes through the
several parts and the same are firmly secured in position by a tightening nut.
The flanges of the said intervening plate effectually prevent the displacement of
the parts and the bolt will not be liable to loosen by reason of the rigidity afforded
to the joint.
In order to stiffen the vehicle frame a brace bar is extended across the machine
somewhat in the rear of the axle said brace-bar passing through brackets on the
side bars and being furnished with tightening nuts.
Dated the 11th day of December 1894.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in "Sulky" Spring-tooth Harrows.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention (a communication from The J. W. Mann Manufacturing
Company, Limited, of Brockville, in the Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada,
Manufacturers,) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
" or two-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of "sulky
wheeled spring-tooth harrows; and consists in means for manipulating the harrow
teeth, whereby their points are forced into, and maintained at a uniform depth
beneath, or, when required, raised clear above, the surface of the ground, with a
view to their travelling over roads, or enabling them to pass obstructions; for
strengthening the teeth, and for adjusting them to any desired distance apart. The
invention also relates to means for securing the tooth bars upon the side bars.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a spring-tooth harrow constructed according to
this invention and showing the harrow-teeth forced into the ground. Fig. 2 is a.
similar view showing the teeth out of operative position. Figs. 3 and 4 are similar
views illustrating a modification; Fig. 5 being a plan corresponding with Fig. 3.
Figs. 6 and 7 represent respectively a vertical section and a plan of a further
modification.
Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are detached views illustrating the improved means for
reinforcing and strengthening the harrow teeth;
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 being respectively a plan, a side view and a transverse section
of the top plate employed for securing the tooth and auxiliary spring to the
tooth-bar.
Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are respectively a face view, a plan and an elevation
illustrating improved means for connecting the tooth-bars to the harrow frames.
Fig. 17 is a detached view of the rearwardly extending arm to which the upper
end of the C-spring of the harrow section is connected.
According to one mode of carrying out this invention, illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2,
the vehicle frame is made of flat bars and is furnished with a rocking shaft A,
journalled in the side bar B of the frame, or in drop brackets 6 attached thereto,
and disposed in the rear of the main axle C, said rocking shaft A being provided
with arms a extending over the harrow sections D. The main axle C is preferably
carried by brackets B³ secured to the flat side bars B of the frame, whereof the
fore ends are curved in a downward direction, and rigidly secured to the front
bar B2 of the machine. A lever E, keyed on the rocking shaft A, and furnished
with a spring bolt e, works over a notched quadrant E', and serves to hold the said
shaft A and arm a in the required position for bringing the harrow sections into
operation and forcing them into the ground, or for releasing them. The
quadrant E is fixed to the transverse hollow bar b', which forms a part of the
vehicle frame. The forward end of each harrow section D is hinged at D¹ to
the front bar B2, and to the rear end is secured the lower end of a C-shaped
spring F, the bow of which extends rearwards; the upper end of each spring
rising above the arms a on the rocking shaft A and being connected therewith by
a chain for other suitable means. The arms a are further connected by means
of a continuation of the chain f¹ with the lower end of each spring F, or with the
rear of the harrow section D, in order to insure the teeth d of the harrow being
raised free of the ground to allow the machine to travel on roads. On moving the
lever E into the position shown in Fig. 1, the arms a, through the medium of the
chain, will draw down the upper end of the spring F and cause a downward
pressure upon the harrow sections D, thereby forcing the teeth d into the ground;
the springs yielding sufficiently to permit the free passage of the teeth over any
obstructions. On moving the lever E in the opposite direction (Fig. 2), the
tension exerted on the upper end ƒ of the spring is released and the lower end
thereof is pulled upwards through the instrumentality of the chain "; thereby
causing the teeth d to be raised free of the ground.
According to a modification, illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, the C-spring may
be supplemented by an S-spring F', the upper end whereof is secured to the
underside of the rocking shaft A. The lower portion of this S-spring bears on
the harrow section when the teeth are forced into the ground, and yields as the
harrow meets obstructions, thus allowing the section to rise and permit the passage
of the teeth. In this arrangement, the rocking shaft A carries quadrants a' from
which the harrow sections D are suspended by chains f¹, the links of the latter
engaging in the quadrants a'. The machine is also furnished with a lever E
pivoted on the rocking shaft A and working over the notched quadrant E', whereby
the harrow sections may be depressed into or raised clear of the ground. When
the harrow section is raised, the spring F' assumes the position indicated in. Fig. 4.
In a further modification, illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, C-springs are employed

page_text: for depressing and raising the teeth; the upper end of each spring being
connected with the rearwardly extending arm a by means of a link a³ (see detail
Fig. 17), attached by a holt and nut to the said arm. The arms a° are recessed
at a to facilitate their being fitted on the rocking shaft A to which they are
connected by the clip at; a number of holes as being provided in the said arms
whereby the position of the links a² may be varied and the pressure exerted on the
harrow sections D and teeth d by the springs F increased or diminished. The
outer extremity of the arm aº may he forked or bifurcated for the reception of one
of the links of the chain which connects said arm with the lower end of the
spring F; the chain being retained in the fork of the said arm by the pin or key a
which passes through one of the links. Wings or ears a' are formed on the
arms a so as to project over the ends of the pin a and prevent the latter being
caught by the chain f'.
Runners or trailing pieces G may be provided at the rear of the harrow
sections D for regulating the depth of penetration into the ground of the teeth d.
These runners may be made in sections, secured together by clips or other suitable
fastenings, so as to render them capable of adjustment nearer to or further from.
. the ground.
The
The chain may be in one piece having the upper end permanently attached to
the frame to prevent loss, and the upper or free end of the spring may be slotted
to receive and hold one of the links of said chain; the latter thereby being readily
detachable, so that the harrow may be used without the aid of the springs. Or the
said chain may consist of two parts, one part being secured at its ends to the spring
and the arm, and the other part being attached to the arm and to the harrow section.
To reinforce the harrow teeth d, to strengthen the same at the heel, and prevent
breakage at that part, when subjected to a reverse action by being suddenly
released, auxiliary springs g are fitted in the back of the teeth, said auxiliary
springs g approximating in shape to the configuration of the portion of the tooth
to which they are applied. One end of the spring g is secured, with the heel of
the tooth, to the tooth-bar h, the other end being held in position on the tooth d
by a sleeve or socket H capable of longitudinal movement on the tooth.
lower end of the auxiliary spring is bent up at g' and engages in a recess i in
the interior of the sliding socket H. The tooth d and auxiliary spring gare
fastened to the tooth-bar / by a rectangular plate K having side flanges k which
fit against and cover the edges of both the tooth d and auxiliary springy; thereby
preserving their alignment on the tooth-bar and preventing them being twisted out
of position. At diagonally opposite corners, the plate K is formed with down-
wardly projecting lugs which fit into the angles of intersection of the tooth d
(carrying the auxiliary spring g) and the tooth-bar h; the other corners of the
plates carrying lugs 2 provided with holes for the reception of a clip or bolt k³
secured in position by the nuts . By loosening the nuts k4 the adjustment of the
teeth d (together with the auxiliary spring ) on the tooth-bar h to any desired
distance apart may be readily accomplished. A projection A is by preference
formed on the inner side of the plate K for eutering holes provided for its
reception in the spring g and tooth d.
The up-turned ends of the tooth-bars h are connected to the side bars B¹ by
an intervening rectangular plate or washer L (Figs. 13, 14 and 15) formed with
flanges, two, 1, 1, projecting from the front of the plate, and two, l', l,
from the rear thereof. The flanges ll, fit against the sides of the up-turned end ¹
of the tooth-bar h, and the two flanges fit against the upper and lower edges
of the side bar B. A bolt 2 is passed through the several parts, the same being
firmly secured in position by the tightening nut 13. The intervening plate L
effectually prevents the displacement of the parts B', ', and the bolt 2 will not
be liable to loosen by reason of the rigidity afforded to the joint by means of the
flanges 11.
In order to stiffen the vehicle frame, a brace-bar or rod m is extended across

page_text: the machine somewhat in the rear of the main axle C, said brace-bar passing
through brackets on the side frame B and being furnished with tightening
nuts m¹.
Each harrow section D is attached by a hinged joint D' to the front bar B2 of
the machine. The front bar B² is preferably in the form of a flat bar_and_is.
rigidly secured to the downwardly extending fore end of the side frame B. By
the employment of flat bars in the construction of the frame, the parts are brought
into the most favourable attitude for enabling them to withstand the strains to.
which they are subjected.
If desired the teeth may be furnished with removable and reversible points as:
shown (Fig. 9); facility being thereby afforded for renovating the teeth at that
part..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim
1. In a "sulky" spring-tooth harrow of the type herein referred to, the
employment of C-shaped springs, the bow whereof extends rearwards; the lower
end of said springs being secured to the rear of the harrow sections, and the upper
end terminating above, and connected by means of a chain with, an arm secured
to a rocking shaft journalled in the frame of the machine, the said chain also
connecting said arm with the lower end of the spring or harrow section, sub-
stantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings and for the purpose specified.
2. In a "sulky" spring-tooth harrow of the type herein referred to, the
combination with a flexible harrow section of a rearwardly attached C-shaped
spring F, a rocking shaft A, journalled in the frame of the machine and having an
arm a and a chain or chains 1, connecting said arm with the upper and lower ends
of said spring, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. In a two-wheeled "sulky" spring-tooth barrow, of the type herein referred to,
the employment of an S-shaped spring, one end whereof is secured to a rocking
shaft carried in the frame of the machine, the other end being free to bear upon
the harrow section, the release of said spring being effected when the rocking
shaft is rotated, substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 3, 4
and 5 of the accompanying drawings and for the purpose specified.
4. In a "sulky "spring-tooth harrow, the combination with the vehicle frame of
a rocking shaft, journalled therein and operated by a lever, harrow sections
suspended from said shaft by chains and furnished with spring teeth, and S-shaped
springs having one end secured to said rocking shaft and the other end bearing
upon the harrow sections; the latter being depressed by the said S-springs through
the instrumentality of the lever, and the bearing end of the springs set back and
released from pressure on the harrow sections simultaneously with the lifting of the
harrow sections by the aid of said lever, substantially as herein described.
5. For regulating the depth of penetration into the ground of the teeth in
harrows of the kind referred to, the employment of runners or trailing pieces,
such as G, secured to the harrow sections, substantially as specified.
6. The improved means for reinforcing and strengthening the harrow teeth,
whereby breakage at the heel portion when the harrow is suddenly released is
prevented, substantially as herein described.
7. For reinforcing and strengthening the harrow teeth, the employment, in
combination with the tooth-bar and spring tooth, of an auxiliary spring approxi-
mately conforming to the heel portion of the tooth, and clipped at one end against
the underside of the tooth, and at the other end attached to the tooth by a sleeve
or socket capable of sliding upon the tooth; the said tooth and auxiliary spring
being secured to the tooth-bar by means of a rectangular flanged plate and bolt,
substantially as described.
8. The combination with a tooth-bar and spring tooth, of the auxiliary spring 9,
sleeve or socket H sliding on said tooth and receiving the end of the auxiliary

page_text: spring 9, the plate K, having, dependent flanges k and lugs k, and the bolt k³,
whereby the teeth may be adjusted. longitudinally, on the tooth-bar, substantially
as herein described, and for the purposes set forth:
"2
9. For use in "sulky spring-tooth harrows, a rectangular plate, such as K,
having flanges k.and lugs in combination with.a.bolt k³ and nuts, substantially
as and' for the purposes specified'.
10. The improved means for securing the tooth-bar to the frame of the machine,
consisting in the employment of an intervening plate, such as L, placed at the
intersection of the tooth-bars and side bars, the said plate having flanges 1.
respectively engaging the edges of the tooth-bar and side bar; a bolt passing
through and securing the parts in position, substantially as specified.
وو
11. In a "sulky spring-tooth harrow, the employment of an arm secured at one
end to a rocking shaft, and furnished with a link adjustable on said arm, with
which, link the resilient end of a C-spring, engages, the other end of said spring
being secured to the harrow section, substantially as described and for the purposes
set forth.
12: For use in "sulky" spring-tooth larrows, an arm a having, a bifurcated
outer end, and provided with wings a', in combination with a chain-secured in
the fork or bifurcation by means of a pin a passing through a hole in the arm and
one of the links in said chain, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated the 7th day of June 1895..
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM.