IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING DWELLING-HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Victor Mouly, of Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING DWELLING-HOUSES AND
OTHER BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 9th October 1874, and dated the 22nd July 1874.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said François Victor Mouly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 22nd July 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANÇOIS
VICTOR MOULY, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING DWELLING-HOUSES AND OTHER
BUILDINGS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the

page_text: same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true
Inventor thereof.
NOW. KNOW YE, that I, the said Francois Victor Mouly, do hereby
declare that the following Complete..Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming
a part of this Specification:-.
My heating apparatus is constructed so as to answer to the most
general conditions which obtain in practice. It is advantageously
applicable, not only to dwelling-houses, hospitals, asylums, churches,
theatres, and similar buildings, but also for purposes of trade and
manufacture, for heating of drying stoves, drying apparatus, and similar
apparatus.
The system is based essentially on the application of a peculiar
combined apparatus, whereby heating and ventilation are simultaneously
accomplished in dwelling-houses, greenhouses, churches, or other buildings
while hot water is also supplied to, baths, lavatories, and other places.
It also implies various particular arrangements in connection with my
said apparatus in order to adapt it for the heating and ventilating of
the various buildings to which it is applied.
My apparatus, which may be called the "calorific, atmospheric, and
hydrotherapic system with single ventilating chimney," involves a heat-
ing surface with more or less hot air, according to circumstances, and
also a boiler of suitable dimensions; the form and arrangement of
these different parts may vary, but must always fulfil certain peculiar
conditions which form part of my heating system.
I effect the heating and ventilation of any building, not only by
means of hot air proceeding from my stove, but also by means of fire-
place flues which all terminate in one common flue, which forms the
chimney for the stove, and which is surmounted by a cowl of peculiar.
construction. The fire-place flues communicate with a parallel air
conduit that serves to supply the necessary air and terminating below
in an air opening; there are also dampers. for putting any of the said
flues in or out of communication with the main flue or chimney. I
also connect the rooms situated at a distance from the stove with the

page_text: Seventh. The cleaning of the stove is easily effected, namely, solely
through the soot doors in front.
And in order that this my Invention may be more clearly understood
and ascertained I shall now proceed to describe the same with
reference to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, which illustrate an
example of my stove, and show the application of my heating and
ventilating system to a hospital, with bathing halls, chapel, greenhouse,
and other offices.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved stove; Figure 2 is a
vertical cross section of same; Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section;
Figure 4 is a horizontal cross section through the fire-box; and Figure 5 is
a like section above the fire-box. The stove consists of the ordinary bell-
shaped fire-box a mounted on the ash-pit ring b and formed with a charging
hole c for the introduction of the combustible on to the grate d; the hot
gases ascend through the tube e, which has a double or breech pipe f
that is continued into the horizontal stove pipes g, g, which are united
by other stove pipes, so as to form two ascending series or systems of
stove pipes, which join into one rectangular receiver h, whereon is placed
the chimney provided with a regulating damper j. The apparatus is
surrounded by a mantel or jacket k at the upper part containing the
hot-air pipes 7, which lead the hot air to the various parts of the building
as required. The stove pipes 9 are continued through the front wall
and are there provided with soot doors m for cleaning.
The cold air enters into the apparatus by the flue n and the annular
chamber o round the centre part or pillar p on which the stove
proper rests. The air then rises all round the fire-box a, expands in
the chamber above the same, coming in contact with the stove pipe
system g, g, and finally passing off through the hot-air pipes 7.
11
The air necessary for combustion enters through the grate d, which
rests on a circular ledge on the interior of the ash-pit ring b, by the
opening q, which can be shut close by the door ; in that case the
air comes to the part 2 of the ash-pit ring by two side openings &
communicating by the tubes t with one common flue u wherein the
ventilating tubes from the building have their exits.
Besides these various particular appliances the stove proper a is
surrounded by a circular water boiler heated by radiation; this boiler
v

page_text: is replenished with water and has at its upper part an exit or ascent
pipe x and at its lower part a return pipe y, so that there is a continuous
circulation, thus enabling me to conduct 'the heat to a distance, as will-
be explained further on. The breech pipe f, which unites the bell-
shaped stove proper a with the two systems of stove pipes g, g, is sup-
ported by a brick column z in the lower or cold-air chamber; the front
of the latter has on each side corner plates w.
Figures 6 and 7 represent a particular system of pipes destined to be
placed round the stove a, when the latter has not got the hot-water
boiler around it. This system consists of a hollow ring A, which
below has a number of pipes B open below, which pipes receive the cold
air, which then in rising becomes heated and passes off by the pipes C,
that are intended to supply the heating exit flues situated at a distance
from the stove or situated below the upper part of same.
It is evident that. this pipe system when placed round the stove.
proper a will be highly heated and in turn give out its heat to the air
passing through it, thus enabling me thereby to supply heating exit
flues at a distance or such which cannot conveniently be supplied from
the pipes l.
In order that the hot air may be rendered SO humid as is desirable
in a hygienic point of view, I place a vessel containing water in the
Hot-air
space of the stove with a view to the evaporation of the said air
and its admixture with the hot air.
Sheet II. shows the mode of applying my heating and ventilating
apparatus, together with some details relating thereto. Figure 8 is a
vertical cross section through a building fitted with my improvements;
Figure 9 is a vertical transverse section through same showing the heating
system; and Figure 10 is a vertical transverse section showing the
ventilating system. The other Figures will be referred to further on. "
I have here shewn the general arrangement of parts suitable for
heating a building with the employment of a single chimney; cach of
the fire-places D communicates on one side with the common chimney E,
which is the chimney for the stove already described, and on the other
side with a ventilating flue F running parallel with the chimney E and
below terminating in an open-air supply mouth G with a grating, as
shown on Fig. 10; this flue F has a decreasing area from bottom to top
in proportion to the number of fire-places it has to draw from.
,

page_text: The single chimney E consists of a series of rectangular tubes H of
refractory stoneware, as shewn at Figures 11 and 12, the former being a
vertical cross section, and the latter a horizontal section; in each storey
the chimney E has two tubular branches I for connecting to two fire-
places, as shewn at Figure 9, each branch with a socket J (as shown at 5
Figure 13), which receives a cast-iron valve piece (shown at Figures 14,
15, and 16), fitted with a counterweighted throttle valve or damper for
regulating the draught for the smoke, or for closing it altogether; for
this purpose a chain is attached to the damper, the chain ending in a
1
ring, which can be placed on any one of the pegs L in the fire-place D,
as shewn at Figure 13. The valve box K is hermetically joined to the
socket J by means of putty or red clay or other suitable material.
.
The fire-places D'are put into communication with the ventilating
flue F in a similar manner, videlicit, the flue F has at the height of the
upper part of the fire-place D a piece M, see Figure 17, with two tubular :
branches N opposite one another, and communicating with the fire-
places. D set back to back; the branches N terminate in a passage O
in the fire-place and opening at the front P of the same, shown at
Figure 18.
The nearness of the two flues E and F to one another enables them, a
when put in communication at their upper part to afford a natural
draught in summer time, the air circulation then taking place in a
direction opposite to the one described.
At Figure 10 I have shown a mode of supplying both chambers with
hot water from the stove.
The next part of my Invention refers to my construction of chimney
cowl, which is shown separately at Figures 19 and 20, the former being
a vertical cross section, and the latter an outside view. The cowl
actuates the draught for the stove and hinders the smoking of the fire-
places D. It consists of an inner sheet iron tube Q fixed in the top of
the chimney, and an outer sheet-iron tube R kept at a certain distance
from the inner tube Q by means of rivets and slightly bell-mouthed
below. The outer tube R has at the top a sheet-iron hood T, which is
movable round an axle fixed in Q by means of cross bars, so that the
hood or cowl proper can turn according to the action of the wind on a
weather-cock V fixed on its upper part; the mouth or outlet of the
cowl has a fan, which stimulates the draught when in motion.

page_text: In order to avoid all down draught the chimney E is at its upper
part formed as shown at Y, Figure 8; in some cases for the same purpose
I form at Y in the loft or top storey.an outlet in line with the direction
of the chimney.
. The chimney is at the bottom formed with a receptacle W for .soot
with soot doors Z, see Figures 8 and 9..
Figure 21 shows a mode of applying my system in a complete manner
to a building, and shows at a a hospital; at ẞ a greenhouse; and at
7. a chapel; all three heated, according to this Invention, by a single
stove placed at 6, for instance; the hot air proceeding therefrom heats
the upper wards of the hospital by the aid of fire-places, which aid the
ventilation, all arranged in connection with one chimney and flue, as
described. The hot-water boiler supplies the baths, lavatories, and other
places at the same time as it heats the greenhouse B, which I suppose
attached to the building. The chapel y is heated by a hot-air conduit
from the stove, but because of the distance the heat has to go I place
a hot-water circulation pipe from the boiler inside this hot-air conduit.
A ventilating flue puts the lower part of the chapel in communication
with the ash-pit of the stove, in order thereby to produce a powerful
draught, which ensures the delivery of a strong stream of heat. If the
chapel was not situated some distance from the stove there would be no
occasion to arrange hot-water circulation in the heating flue, and one
single hot-air exit would be enough for any size chapel. In fine, I can
produce sufficiently powerful ventilation in any building by the simple
application of this system of spiral ventilator, which is ablo to clear the
vitiated air out of a hospital ward or a theatre, and can be connected to
a ventilating tube of a workshop, laboratory, or privy.
And having thus fully set forth the nature of this Invention, and
modes of applying the same, I declare that I claim as my Invention, -
First. The general arrangement of the stove and the various details
relating thereto, substantially as shown and as described.
Second. The mode or modes of heating by hot air or hot air and
water, substantially as set forth.
Third. The mode or modes of ventilation by putting the ventilating
openings in connection with the ash-pit of the stove, substantially as set
forth.

page_text: Fourth. The single chimney system, substantially as shown and as
described.
Fifth. The construction of ventilating chimney cowl, substantially as
shown and as described.
Sixth. The arrangement of the fire-places in connection with the
single chimney and ventilating flue, substantially as shewn and
described.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said François Victor Mouly, have here-
ünto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
FRANÇOIS VICTOR MOULY. (L.S.)