OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, DRYING AND PACKING OF WHITE LEAD PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PACKING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cowdery Martin of Richmond in the County of
Surrey for an Invention of NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE, DRYING AND PACKING OF WHITE LEAD PARTS OF WHICH ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PACKING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cowdery Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1883.
JOHN COWDERY MARTIN, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey, "NEW OR
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, DRYING, AND PACKING, OF WHITE
LEAD, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PACKING OF OTHER
SUBSTANCES
"
The first part of this Invention relates to that part of the manufacture of white
lead which consists in converting metallic lead into flattened drops or splashes, or
into a granulated condition by dropping molten lead upon a dry moving surface
or upon the surface of a revolving cylinder as described in the specification of a
patent granted to me, bearing date the 4th April, A.D. 1877. N° 1300.
I have found in practice that after continued working the metallic lead adheres
strongly to the moving surface, making it necessary to stop working for the
purpose of removing the adhering lead. I therefore now use a revolving scraper
or scrapers composed of bars of iron or steel, or other suitable material, fixed upon
a revolving shaft which may be driven in the same direction as the revolving
cylinder, (or in the opposite direction if preferred), and placed preferably beneath
it, and I cause this to revolve closely against the surface of such cylinder in order
to remove any adhering metallic lead. I also employ a roller composed preferably
of wood thickly coated with india rubber encased in leather and arranged tọ
revolve against the surface of the cylinder. This roller may be placed in any
suitable position in relation to the cylinder and so as to avoid the revolving
scrapers, and I coat its surface from time to time with black lead or steatite, a small

page_text: quantity of which it imparts by its revolution to the surface of the cylinder upon
which the metallic lead falls, preventing more or less the adhesion of the same to
such cylinder.
I also attach a rigid revolving scraper, or a black leaded roller, to each of the
various forms of moving surface described for splashing or granulating metallic
lead in the patent grant to me dated the 18th March. A.D. 1879 N° 1054 and
when I use any of these surfaces in a dry condition in place of allowing the
splashes of lead to fall from the cylinder directly to the bottom of a tank
containing water as described in my patent of the 4th April A.D. 1877. No 1300, I
cause the lead to fall upon a moving platform placed, as to the part upon which
the lead falls beneath the surface of the water and constructed with two endless
hinged linked chains moving round rollers of square or other polygonal form of
section the chains being kept apart and in position by boards attached to the links,
and upon which boards the splashes of lead fall and are drawn from the water by
the action of the rollers. I also sometimes use two ordinary chains to carry the
platform instead of the flat linked chain, in which case I use narrower boards to
form the platform and join them by strips of canvas or other flexible material, and
these ordinary chains I work with projections taking into each alternate link
working in a groove and upon a circular roller. In place of using the above
mentioned platform I sometimes employ rakes or scrapers attached to the said
chains for dredging or raking forward the splashes of lead as they fall from the
cylinder to the bottom of the tank.
The second part of this invention consists of an apparatus having for its object,
-the more effectual_and_easy_drying of white lead in a more or less powdered or
granular condition, the prevention of waste and the escapo of deleterious-dust from
the apparatus during the operation of drying. It consists of a series of horizontal,
or nearly horizontal, stationary, closed, troughs or tubes, placed side by side, each
trough or tube containing a skeleton Archimedian-screw for the purpose of feeding
the white lead through the cylinder, and at the same time to thoroughly stir it up-
and turn it over. This screw consists of bands of copper or other suitable material,
which are attached, so as to form a helix or spiral, to the ends of arms fixed to a
revolving shaft. These bands are caused to sweep more or less of the internal
circumference of the said trough or tube as the shaft revolves, and the white lead
is thereby carried up the sides of the trough or tube by the said bands and then
falls over inwards, and is caught up again by the helical bands, and the turning
over is repeated, the white lead at the same time being urged forward to the outlet
end of the trough or tube. The white lead is introduced into the first of the series
of troughs or tubes through a hopper preferably provided at its lower end with a
horizontal cylindrical chamber, in the centre of which a horizontal shaft is caused
to revolve slowly. On this shaft is mounted a number of radial plates the outer
edges of which sweep the inner circumference of the horizontal cylinder as the
'central shaft revolves. As the space between two radial plates comes under the
hopper it is filled with white lead which is then slowly carried round, as the shaft
revolves, until the space is brought opposite the opening into the drying trough or
cylinder, when the contents fall to the bottom thereof, and are carried round and
turned over by the before mentioned skeleton screw. When the white lead arrives
at the end of the first trough or tube it reaches a more or less cylindrical chamber
which forms an enlarged continuation of the before mentioned trough or tube, aud
is carried round inside this chamber by a kind of paddle or bucket wheel mounted
on the shaft which carries the skeleton screw. The paddles or buckets are so
shaped and arranged that as they revolve they transfer the white lead from the
end of one trough or tube into the end of the adjacent trough or tube, where it is
received by a similar skeleton screw to that before described, but adapted to carry
the white lead in the reverse direction. The white lead may thus be caused to
traverse as many troughs or tubes as may be found desirable and leaves the
apparatus, in a dry condition, by an opening formed in the bottom of the last
trough or tube, which opening is provided with a cylindrical chamber and revolving

page_text: radial plates, similar to the arrangement described with reference to the inlet
hopper. The white lead may then be packed in casks as hereinafter described.
Dry air, either heated or not, is caused to pass through the troughs or tubes
preferably in the reverse direction to that in which the skeleton screws carry the
white lead which air is also prevented from escaping into the atmosphere through
the white lead inlet and outlet openings, by the before mentioned radial plates
revolving in the cylindrical chambers. The air on leaving the apparatus may be.
forced or caused to pass through water and any white lead dust carried with it
recovered and prevented from passing into the atmosphere. Instead of employing
a series of troughs or tubes, as above described, I may where circumstances will
permit, use one continuous length.
The apparatus forming the third part of my Invention is for the purpose of
closely packing, in casks or other packing cases, white lead or other materials
capable of being consolidated by the action of the apparatus as hereinafter described.
It consists of a hinged table on which the cask is placed, and one end of which is
caused to rise and then to fall suddenly a short distance by means of cams or
tappets, operated by suitable gearing under such table, on to a lower framing of
the apparatus, or on to other suitable hard or and unyielding base or stop, the
downward passage of the cask being thus suddenly arrested before its contents, the
momentum of the latter causes them to become closely rammed or consolidated
within the cask. When the material to be packed is of a poisonous nature (as for
example, white lead) the exceedingly injurious dust is prevented from escaping
into the atmosphere by means of a closely fitting cover applied to the cask, and
connected to the pipe or shoot through which the white lead is delivered to the
cask, by a flexible tube capable of rising and falling with the movement of the said
cask.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Cowdery Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th August 1883.
JOHN COWDERY MARTIN of Richmond, in the County of Surrey
"NEW OR
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, DRYING, AND PACKING OF WHITE
LEAD, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PACKING OF OTHER
SUBSTANCES
"
The first part of this invention relates to that part of the manufacture of white
lead which consists in converting metallic lead into flattened drops or splashes, or
into a granulated condition by dropping molten lead upon a dry moving surface or
upon the surface of a revolving cylinder as described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, bearing date the 4th day of April A.D. 1877-N° 1300. I
have found in practice that after continued working the metallic lead adheres
strongly to the moving surface, making it necessary to stop working for the purpose
of removing the adhering lead. I therefore now use a revolving soraper or
scrapers composed of bars of iron or steel or other suitable material fixed upon a
-revolving shaft which may be driven in the same direction as the revolving
cylinder (or in the opposite direction if preferred) and placed preferably beneath it.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings illustrates this part of my Invention, in
which A represents a revolving cylinder or roller which may be taken as forming
part of an apparatus similar to that described in the Specification of my before
mentioned Patent and shewn in Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings thereof. B is a
shaft on which are mounted the bars or scrapers C of iron or steel. The shaft and
bars are caused to revolve closely against the surface of the cylinder A in order to
remove any adhering metallic lead. I also employ a roller D composed preferably
of wood thickly coated with india rubber E, encased in a leather covering F, and
arranged to revolve against the surface of the cylinder A or the said roller may be
formed of, or covered with, other more or less flexible material. This roller inay
be placed in any suitable position in relation to the cylinder A, and so as to avoid
the revolving scrapers C, and I coat its surface from time to time with black lead
or with steatite, a small quantity of which it imparts by its revolution to the
surface of the cylinder A upon which the metallic lead falls, preventing more or
less the adhesion of the same to such cylinder.
I also attach a rigid revolving scraper or a black leaded roller or both to each of
the various forms of moving surface described for splashing or granulating metallic
lead in the Patent granted to me and dated the 18th day of March A.D. 1879
N° 1054, and when I use any of these surfaces in a dry condition. In place of
allowing the splashes of lead to fall from the cylinder directly to the bottom of a
tank containing water as described in my aforesaid Patent of the 4th day of April
A.D. 1877 N° 1300 I cause the lead to fall upon a moving platform placed, as to
the part upon which the lead falls,--beneath the surface of the water, and
constructed with two endless hinged flat-linked chains moving round rollers of
square or other polygonal form of section, the chains being kept apart and in
position by boards attached to the links, and upon which boards the splashes of
lead fall, and are drawn from the water by the action of the rollers. I also some-
times use two ordinary chains to carry the platform instead of the flat linked
chains in which case I use narrower boards to form the platform and join them
by strips of canvas or other flexible material, and these ordinary chains I work
with projections taking into each alternate link working in a groove and upon a
circular roller. In place of using the above mentioned platform I sometimes

page_text: employ rakes or scrapers attached to the said chains for dredging or raking
forward the splashes of lead as they fall from the cylinder to the bottom of the
tank. I have not shewn these arrangements in the Drawings as their construction
and operation will be readily understood from the above description.
The second part of this Invention consists of an apparatus having for its object
the more effectual and easy drying of white lead in a more or less powdered or
granular condition, the prevention of waste and the escape of deleterious dust or
fumes from the apparatus during the operation of drying. It consists of a series
of horizontal, or nearly horizontal stationary closed troughs or tubes, placed side by
side each trough or tube containing a skeleton Archimedian screw for the purpose
of feeding the white lead through the cylinder, and at the same time to thoroughly
stir it up and turn it over.
This screw consists of bands of copper or other suitable material, which are
attached, so as to form a helix or spiral, to the ends of arms fixed to a revolving
shaft. These bands are caused to sweep more or less of the internal circumference
of the said trough or tube as the shaft revolves, and the white lead is thereby
carried up the sides of the trough or tube by the said bands, and then falls over
inwards and is caught up again by the helical bands, and the turning over is
repeated, the white lead being at the same time urged forward to the farther end
of the trough or tube.
Figures 2 and 3 of the Drawings represent elevations of different portions of the
apparatus, Figure 2 shewing the inlet, and Figure 3 the outlet for the white lead.
Figures 4 and 5 represent in transverse section and plan respectively the arrange-
ments by which the white lead is conveyed from one trough or tube to another
when the said troughs or tubes are arranged side by side. In each of the Figures
2. 3 and 5 parts of the troughs or tubes are removed in order to shew the action.
of the apparatus more clearly. Similar letters refer to like parts in each of these
Figures.
A are the stationary closed troughs or tubes with covers B. C are the strips or
bands of copper or other suitable material attached as shewn to the ends of radial
arms D fixed to the revolving shaft E thereby forming a skeleton Archimedian
screw, F is the inlet hopper by which the white lead is introduced into the first of
the series of troughs or tubes A. This hopper F is provided at its lower end with
a horizontal cylindrical chamber G, in the centre of which a horizontal shaft H is
caused to revolve slowly. On this shaft are mounted a number of radial plates I
the outer edges of which are by preference provided with strips J of leather or
other suitable material which form a more or less tight joint as they sweep the
inner circumference of the cylindrical chamber G as the shaft H revolves, K is a
more or less cylindrical chamber which forms an enlarged continuation of the
troughs or tubes A, and contains a kind of paddle wheel L mounted on the shaft E,
the paddles M being so shaped and arranged that as they revolve in the direction
of the arrow they transfer the white lead from the chamber K into the end of the
adjacent trough or tube A. N is the white lead outlet which is by preference
provided with a cylindrical chamber O, shaft and radial plates as shewn and similar
to those described with reference to the white lead inlet F.
The action of the apparatus is as follows. As the space between two radial
plates I comes under the inlet hopper F it is filled with white lead which is then
slowly carried round as the shaft H revolves until the space is brought opposite the
opening into the first drying trough or tube A when the contents are carried round
and turned over by the before mentioned skeleton screw C. D. E. When the white.
lead arrives at the end of the first trough or tube A it reaches the chamber K into.
the bottom of which it falls through the openings P in the sides of the paddle
wheel L, and through the spaces between the paddles M, and as the paddle wheel L
revolves the white lead is carried up the interior circumference of the chamber K.
until it falls through the opening R into the adjacent trough or tube A. Or the
wheel L may have. buckets instead of paddles for carrying the white lead and it
may then conveniently revolve in the reverse direction. The white lead after being

page_text: deposited into the second trough or tube is received by a similar skeleton screw to
that before described but adapted to carry the white lead in the reverse direction:
The white lead may thus be caused to traverse as many troughs or tubes as may
be found desirable and leaves the apparatus in a dry condition by the opening N
in the bottom of the last trough or tube which opening is provided with a cylin-
drical chamber ◇ and revolving radial plates as shewn similar to the arrangement
shewn and described with reference to the inlet hopper F. The white lead may
then be packed in casks as hereinafter described. Hot or dry air is caused to pass
by means of a fan or exhauster over the white lead through the troughs or tubes A
entering for example at the inlet S, and, travelling preferably in the reverse.
direction to that in which the skeleton screws carry the white lead, leaving the
trough or tube at the outlet T. This air is prevented from escaping into the
atmosphere through the white lead inlet and outlet openings by the radial plates
revolving in the chambers and O. On leaving the apparatus the air may be
forced or caused to pass through water, and any white lead dust carried with it
thereby recovered and prevented from passing into the atmosphere. Instead of
employing a series of troughs or tubes as above described and shewn, I may, where,
circumstances will permit, use one continuous length.
The apparatus forming the third part of my Invention is for the purpose of
closely packing in casks or other packing cases, white lead or other materials
capable of being consolidated by the action of the apparatus as hereinafter
described. It consists of a hinged table on which the cask is placed and one end
of which is caused to rise and then to fall suddenly a short distance by means of
cams or tappets operated_by_suitable gearing_under_such_table,_on_to a lower
framing of the apparatus or on to other suitable hard and unyielding base
or stop.
Figures 6. 7 and 8 represent, respectively, plan view with hinged table removed,
longitudinal section, and end elevation-of-this-apparatus-in-which similar letters-
relate to like parts in each of the figures. A is a table on which the cask or other
packing case is stood. This table is provided with three longitudinal ribs B on the
under side. C are pins mounted between cheeks or lugs D formed on the base
plate E.
On these pins C. the table A rests, and turns at one end, the pins taking
into bearings formed on the underside of the two outer ribs B as shown. F is the
main actuating shaft caused to revolve by the driving pulleys G. On this shaft F
are mounted two bevil pinions H which gear into two bevil wheels I mounted on
shafts J. K are two cams or tappets mounted on the other end of the shafts J.
L are inclined surfaces projecting from the under side of the table A, and so shaped
that as the cams or tappets K revolve they come in contact with the said inclined
surfaces L so as to raise the table A gradually until the straight portions of the
cams or tappets pass beyond the ends of the inclined surfaces L, when the table
falls, the ribs B coming into sudden contact with the blocks M on the base plate E.
The downward passage of the cask or other packing case standing on the table A
being thus suddenly arrested before its contents, the momentum of the latter.
causes them to become closely rammed or consolidated within the cask or packing
сале. The cams or tappets K may be constructed with any suitable number of
acting parts, so as to give any required number of lifts and falls of the table for
ench revolution of the shafts J.
These shafts J are by preference caused to revolve in opposite directions whereby
the tendency of one cam or tappet to produce a lateral movement of the table is
counteracted by the tendency of the other cam or tappet to produce lateral movement
of the table in the opposite direction.
When the material to be packed is of a poisonous nature (as for example white
lead) the exceedingly injurious dust is prevented from escaping into the atmosphere
by means of a closely fitting cover applied to the cask and connected to the pipe or
shoot through which the white lead is delivered to the cask by a flexible tube
capable of rising and falling with the movement of the said cask,
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which

page_text: same is to or may be carried into effect I would have it understood that what
aim is:-
st. In apparatus for producing splashes of lead by dropping thin streams of
molten metallic lead on to a moving dry surface, the employment of a.
scraper or scrapers adapted to revolve close to such moving dry surface, as
herein before described, and illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings hereto
annexed and for the purpose set forth.
ond. In apparatus for producing splashes of lead by dropping thin streams of
molten metallic lead on to a moving dry surface, the employment of a roller
formed of, or covered with, more or less flexible material, and adapted to
rotate against such moving dry surface, for the purpose of applying black
lead or steatite thereto, as herein-before described, and illustrated in
Figure 1 of the drawings hereto annexed.
d. In apparatus for producing splashes of lead by dropping thin streams of
molten metallic lead on to a moving dry surface, the combination of the
said moving dry surface, the revolving scraper or scrapers, and the roller
for applying blacklead or steatite, the whole arranged, and operating
substantially as hereinbefore, described, and illustrated in Figure 1 of the
drawings hereto annexed
rth In apparatus for producing splashes of lead by dropping thin streams of
molten metallic lead on to a moving or stationary surface, the employment
of a platform or apron, or of a series of rakes or scrapers, mounted on
parallel endless chains, for the purpose of removing the splashes when
made as herein before described.
The apparatus for drying white lead, consisting of the skeleton archimedian
scews revolving in troughs or tubes, whereby the white lead is caused to
traverse from end to end of the said troughs or tube, at the same time that
it is continually being raised up at the sides thereof, and allowed to fall
back inside the said skeleton screws to the bottom of the said troughs or
tubes, the paddle or bucket wheels for effecting the transfer of the white
lead from one trough or tube to the next, and the inlet and outlet chambers
with revolving radial plates whereby the white lead is admitted to, and
removed from, the troughs or tubes without allowing of the escape,
through such inlets and outlets, of the hot or dry air passing through the
said troughs or tubes, the whole arranged, combined, adapted and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 4
and 5 of the drawings hereto annexed.
In apparatus for packing white lead or other materials capable of being
consolidated by the action of such apparatus, into casks or other packing
cases, the arrangement of a table turning on fulcra at one end, and raised
gradually at the other end, and allowed to fall suddenly on to blocks on the
base plate by the action of revolving tappets or cams, on suitable inclined
surfaces, or other projecting parts on the underside of the said frame, as
hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 67 and 8 of the drawings
hereto annexed,
witness whereof I, the said John Cowdery Martin, have hereunto set my
and seal this fifteenth day of August in the year of our Lord One thousand
hundred and eighty three.