Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 3rd May, 1887.
I SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey Gentleman do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows
The present invention has more particularly for its object the construction of an
apparatus capable of measuring the quantity of electricity in an alternating current.
For this it is necessary to avoid the employment of a permanent magnetic field.
I obtain this result by the application of the law of attraction and repulsion of
currents between themselves and upon themselves, a law which is well known and
according to which-
1. Two parallel currents in the same direction attract each other.
2. Two parallel currents in opposite directions repel each other.
3. These attractions and repulsions are directly proportional to the length of the
wire and to the square of the intensity and inversely proportional to the square of
the distance.
I have constructed on these principles an electro dynamometer which, as will be
seen further on, differs in several important points from those at present in existence.
The registration of the current is effected, as in my former instruments, by
means of an oscillating needle under the influence of such apparatus and the greater
or lesser deviation of this needle in relation to a cylinder furnished with teeth and
kept in regular and continuous revolution (representing the time unit) determines
a variable number of contacts which put in action a ratchet wheel controlling
the train of wheels of the registering index. The clock movement consists of a
small dynamometric motor furnished with a centrifugal regulator which automatically
interrupts and re-establishes as required the propelling current within the instrument.
This motor is therefore without any clectromotive force of its own.
At the base of the dynamometer is a wooden pedestal fixed upon the foundation of
the apparatus. At a small distance above the pedestal is supported a system of four
wooden columns connected together at the top and bottom by discs of wood. This
frame is fixed. Each of the columns carries on the inner side a longitudinal winding
of thick wire.
In the interior space of the system a moveable frame is mounted carrying as much
wire as the fixed frame and similarly arranged with four columns. Each of these
columns projects between two columns of, the fixed frame in such manner that the

page_text: mobility is limited to the space existing between the columns of the fixed frame
between which the moving frame is inserted. The moveable frame is supported at
the top and bottom by two pivots passing through brass bridge pieces mounted
upon the fixed frame. It is also suspended by means of a small frame by a silk
thread and a spiral spring which renders it perfectly free in its movement of rotation.
The current passes into and from the moveable frame by means of two flat copper
spirals similar to watch springs, and having the same section as the wire wound
upon the frame.
To one of the columns of the moveable frame the indicating needle is attached, it
is directed horizontally towards a dial. This dial is carried by two armis mounted
upon an axis oscillating between two pivots carried by lugs of the upper bridge
piece. The needle moves freely between the frame and the cylinder hereafter described.
It carries near its point a small index arranged in such manner as to pass along the
surface of the frame without touching it. The axis carries in rear stems supporting
counter weights which nearly balance the two arms and the frame carried between
them in such manner as to increase the sensibility of their vertical movement. It is
important to observe that the needle carries underneath its point a wedge which is
directly acted upon by the teeth of the cylinder of which the construction is explained
-further on. Each time that the needle encounters one of the teeth of the cylinder
it is raised and raises in its turn the dial and consequently also the ends of the frame
formed by the dial and its arms for a purpose afterwards explained.
In front of the needle and its frame there is fixed upon the top of the recorder a
small bracket carrying at its upper end a socket in which a rod holding a spiral spring
is retained and at the end of the spiral a silk thread is attached and it passes to the
base of a curved lever; this lever, which is peculiarly formed, is attached to a ring
fixed by a binding screw to the axis of the moveable frame. The curvature of this
lever is so arranged that as the angle of deviation of the needle increases the length of
the arm of the lever pressing against the thread attached to the opposing spring
increases proportionally to the square of the deviation. The resistance consequently
increases in the direct ratio of the square of the deviation. The needle then deviating
proportionally to the intensity gives the same result as a magnetic amperemeter
notwithstanding that it works with alternating currents.
A counterpoised arm attached to a small frame suspended by the centre of its upper
cross piece from a spiral spring is connected at the centre of its lower cross piece to
the top of the axis of the moveable frame by a ring; the spiral serves to balance laterally
the curved lever and always to bring back the needle to the zero of the dial when no
current passes.
The dial is graduated in amperes or any other desired units.
The arrangement of the recorder is based, as has been already said, on the
employment of a small electric motor constructed in a novel manner.
A fixed wooden frame attached to the base of the apparatus in front of the
dynamometer, carries exteriorally, 6 columns of very fine wire wound vertically.
Within it is mounted upon pivots a moveable frame arranged to turn very freely. It
is intended to rotate exactly 300 times a minute. This moveable frame carries
12 columns of very fine wire wound in the same way as the exterior columns.
The length of wire should be such as to give at least a thousand ohms of resistance
and much more if currents of very high tension are employed.
The fixed frame is held by two brass bearers which support the whole gearing and
other parts of the recorder. Upon the side of this mechanism a ratchet wheel is
mounted and its axis turns in arms. The inner end of the axis carries an endless screw
which drives a pinion mounted upon the axis of the index on the units dial, and from
this movement is transmitted by multiplying wheels in the ordinary way to the other
indices.
The axis of the moveable frame carries at its upper end an endless screw which
gives motion to a worm wheel with 30 teeth fixed upon an axis which carries on its
extremity a pinion with 10 teeth which by an intermediate wheel controls a wheel

page_text: with 100 teeth mounted upon the end of the axis of the cylinder. This cylinder
thus makes one entire revolution in the exact space of 60 seconds.
The cylinder is divided into 21 circles at two millimetres distant the one from the
other. These circles are furnished with teeth. These circles encounter in the
continuous revolution of the cylinder, the wedge placed under the point of the needle
which is consequently raised and in turn it raises its frame and so causes the
movement of the ratchet wheel as will be explained further on. It should be remarked
that the wedge is of a breadth equal to five divisions of the cylinder.
The frame carries by the side of the ratchet an adjustable arm which holds a rod
upon which are mounted pawls. These propel the ratchet wheel each time that the
frame falls after having been raised, the rising of the frame releasing the pawls
disengages the ratchet wheel, then when the frame descends again a small spring
fixed by one end to a lug upon the frame and by the other end to the rear of the
rod brings back the rod and replaces the pawl in contact with the ratchet wheel,
which is thus propelled one tooth. The pawl is jointed so as to offer all necessary
elasticity to adapt itself to the rotary movement of the ratchet wheel without interfering
with its action upon it.
A stop spring prevents the return of the ratchet wheel.
Behind the ratchet is mounted a disc which turns with it and its flat edge is
graduated with sixty divisions. A fixed index placed near to the edge of the disc
shews the progressive movement of the ratchet. This scale relates to a recorder for
lamp hours to measure coulombs the wheel will have a hundred divisions each
measuring a hundred coulombs-the same will be the case with the ratchet which
will then have 50 teeth in lieu of 30-the cylinder in this case will make a revolution
in a hundred seconds in place of in sixty.
The regularity of the rotary movement of the movable frame is insured by a
centrifugal governor.
This governor is similar to those employed in steam engines and consists of twe
balls mounted upon two arms which are separated by centrifugal force and are
brought together towards the centre as the force diminishes by the action of two
coiled springs of a strength regulated according to the requirement. The arms which
carry the balls are jointed upon the end of two radial arms projecting from an
insulating ring securely fixed to the axis of the movable frame. The two radial arms
are carried by two brass plates attached to the ring-by the side of each of these
plates is placed another plate carrying upon its exterior a small contact facing a
similar contact placed at the end of a jointed arm. The plates are insulated from
cach other and are each traversed by a radial rod carrying a coiled spring intended
to bring back the ball and its arm towards the axis of the movable frame. So long
as the speed of rotation of the movable frame remains at its normal value the
centrifugal force holds the balls apart and the contacts remain also at a distance,
but as soon as the movement slows down the balls pressed inwards by their springs
approach the ring and this brings the contacts one against the other and closes the
internal circuit which urges on the rotary motion of the frame, then as soon as the
movement has regained its normal speed the balls separate and the circuit is broken.
Between the governor and a screw thread on the axis of the movable frame of the
motor are arranged one over the other two circuit changers of similar construction
to those in the Gramme machine but in which the brushes are replaced by a system
of small wheels, which has the advantage of considerably diminishing friction and
wear. The two collectors are arranged relatively the one to the other in such
manner that the copper blades of the one alternate with those of the other, so that
thus there is always a surface of continuous contact fed alternately by each of
the two systems of rollers. The copper rollers are mounted in pairs in two small
brass bearings upon the end of a brass blade attached at its end to a plate placed upon
a block of wood or other insulating support. The blade is divided for the greater part
of its length to give elasticity, it has also an elongated opening for the passage and the
adjustment of its binding screw.
I proceed to describe the course of the currents in the different parts of the
annaratus

page_text: Four terminals arranged upon the base of the apparatus may serve indifferently for
the entrance or exit of the current actuating the apparatus. On its entrance it passes
to the top of one of the columns of the fixed frame of the dynamometer-it passes from
top to bottom of the first column of wire, then from bottom to top of the second and
so on till it arrives at the top of the fourth; from thence it passes to a brass stirrup
in which is held the end of the lower spiral which transmits the current to the bottom
of the first column of wire of the moveable frame from the top of which it enters the
top of the second column through which it passes from top to bottom and so on to the
fourth column which it leaves by the bottoni to ascend by an inner wire to the upper
spiral carried upon a brass stirrup from which the current goes to the lamps.
Conformably to the principles set forth, (the current passing alternately from bottom
to top and top to bottom of the columns of the fixed frame and the intermediate
columns of the movable frame of the dynamometer,) the columns of the movable frame
will approach those of the fixed frame where the current follows the same direction,
and this approach will be more or less near according to the force of the current and
will affect the needle, the movements of this will be similar and its position will
correspond with that of the moveable frame.
From the principal conductor there passes a wire which leads a derived current to
the top of the first exterior column of fine wire of the fixed frame of the electric meter;
it follows this column from top to bottom, then the second from bottom to top and
finally arrives at the top of the sixth column from which it passes away by the wire to
connect with the conductor leading to the terminal.
Another wire branching off from the principal conductor passes to the front roller
carriers of the collectors to which the current is thus transmitted and it passes from
thence to the moveable frame--this frame comprising as had been explained, twelve
columns of very fine wire is divided into two distinct circuits each consisting of the six
alternate columns. These are in communication one circuit with one collector and the
other circuit with the other collector so that their alternate action produces a continuous
effect. The current from one collector passes through all the columns of uneven
number from top to bottom and passes off from the eleventh to come back to the same
collector from which it went out by the hinder roller carrier of this collector to pass to
tlie conductor leading to the exit terminal. The current of the lower collector traverses
all the columns of wire of even number from bottom to top and leaves the twelfth to
meet the same collector by which it went out by the hinder roller carrier of this
collector and so to pass to the conductor leading to the exit terminal.
The governor is introduced upon the wire which connects each of the current
reversers with its respective circuit in the movable frame so that the approach of the
contacts closes the circuit and re-enforces the energy of the current propelling the
inovable frame when it falls below its normal amount.
The currents derived from the principal current aid in producing the movement of
the inotor and increase its energy when it falls; they aid the governor in maintaining
the necessary regularity of speed so that the cylinder may accomplish its revolution
regularly in the prescribed time.
A double current may be measured, it may be by doubling the value of each of the
divisions of the dial by dividing the current, that is to say, by putting separately into
circuit the fixed and the moveable frames, which would give a double section and
diminish the resistance.
I do not intend to limit myself exactly to all the mechanical details above mentioned
of which many are secondary and in which change might be found to be necessary in
the course of experience-further I do not intend to always associate the two parts of
the apparatus because the dynamometric motor recorder might in some cases be
connected with a magnetic ampere meter or other analogous apparatus and again, the
electro dynamometer can be adapted to recorders of a different type.
יום
1
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Measuring Electricity.
1, SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, (a communication
to me from abroad by Jules Cauderay of Neuilly, Seine, in the Republic of France,
Engineer) do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The present invention has more particularly for its object the construction of an
apparatus capable of measuring the quantity of electricity in an alternating current.
For this it is necessary to avoid the employment of a permanent magnetic field.
I obtain this result by the application of the law of attraction and repulsion of
currents between themselves and upon themselves, a law which is well known and
according to which :-
1. Two parallel currents in the same direction attract each other.
2. Two parallel currents in opposite directions repel each other.
3. These attractions and repulsions are directly proportional to the length of the
wire and to the square of the intensity and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance.
I have constructed on these principles an electro dynamometer which, as will be
seen further on, differs in several important points from those at present in existence.
The registration of the current is effected, as in my former instruments, described
in the following Specifications: No. 175683 No. 751584 No. 137048 by means of an
oscillating needle under the influence of such apparatus and the greater or lesser
deviation of this needle in relation to a cylinder furnished with teeth and kept in
regular and continuous revolution representing the time unit, determines a variable
number of contacts which put in action a ratchet wheel controlling the train of wheels
of the registering index. The clock movement consists of a small dynamometric
motor furnished with a centrifugal regulator which automatically interrupts and
re-establishes as required the propelling current within the instrument. This motor
is therefore without any electro motive force of its own.
The annexed drawings give an exact and complete representation of the apparatus.
Figure 1 is a side elevation.
Figure 2 is a front elevation.
Figure 3 is a plan.
Figures 4 to 12 are separate views of various parts of the recording apparatus.

page_text: At the base of the dynamometer is a wooden pedostal A fixed upon the foundation B
of the apparatus. At a small distance above the pedestal is supported by two brass
uprights, as shown in Figure 1 a system of four wooden columns C, C, C, C, connected
together at the top and bottom by discs of wood A' A¹. This frame is fixed. Each of
the columns carries on the inner side a longitudinal winding of thick wire.
In the interior space of the system C, C, a movable frame D is mounted carrying as
much wire as the fixed frame and similarly arranged with four columns E, E, E, E.
Each of these columns projects between two columns of the fixed frame in such
manner that the mobility of the frame D is limited to the space existing between the
columns of the fixed frame between which it is inserted. The movable frame D is
supported at the top and bottom by two pivots d, d, passing through brass bridge
pieces mounted upon the fixed frame. It is also suspended by means of a small
frame by a silk thread and a spiral spring which renders it perfectly free in its
movement of rotation. The current passes into and from the movable frame D by
means of two flat copper spirals d³ ³ similar to watch. springs, and having the same
section as the wire wound upon the frame.
To one of the columns of the movable frame D the indicating needle F is attached,
it is directed horizontally towards a dial G. This dial is carried by two arms g. 9;
mounted upon an axis g¹ oscillating between two pivots carried by lugs of the upper
bridge piece d. The needle F moves freely between the frame and the cylinder H.
hereafter described, it carries near its point a small index arranged in such manner as
to pass along the surface of the frame without touching it. The axis g¹ carries in rear
stems supporting counter weights which nearly balance the two arms, g, and the
frame G carried between them in such manner as to increase the sensibility of their
vertical movement. It is important to observe that the needle F carries underneath
its point a wedge which is directly acted upon by the teeth of the cylinder of which
the construction is explained further on. Each time that the needle F encounters one
of the teeth of the cylinder H it is raised and raises in its turn the dial G and
consequently also the ends of the frame formed by the dial and the arms gg for a
purpose afterwards explained.
In front of the needle F and its frame there is fixed upon the top of the recorder a
small bracket J carrying at its upper end a socket in which a rod holding a spiral
spring K is retained, and at the end of the spiral a silk thread R is attached and it
passes to the base of the curved lever L. This lever which is peculiarly formed, is
attached to a ring fixed by a binding screw to the axis of the movable frame D. As
is seen in Figures 13 and 14 the curvature of this lever is so arranged that as the
angle of deviation of the needle F increases the length of the arm of the lever L
pressing against the thread R attached to the opposing spring K increases
proportionally to the square of the deviation; the resistance consequently increases
in the direct ratio of the square of the deviation and the needle can only deviate in
direct proportion to the intensity.
The needle deviating proportionally to the intensity gives the same result as a
magnetic ampere-meter notwithstanding that it works with alternating currents.
A counterpoised arm attached to a small frame 12 suspended by the centre of its
upper cross piece from the spiral spring is connected at the centre of its lower cross
piece to the top of the axis of the movable frame D by a ring the spiral serves to
balance laterally the curved lever L, and always to bring back the needle F to the zero
of the dial G when no current passes.
The dial G is graduated in amperes or any other desired units.
Figure 13 of the drawing shows a partial plan of the lever Land of the needle F
when this is at rest.
Figure 14 is a similar view showing the position of these parts when the needle
shows 20 amperes.
Figures 15 and 16 give details of the needle.
Figure 17 is a plan of the two frames of the dynamometer.
19 is a borinanial roatian thanh, the firend form of the dynamometer

page_text: Figure 19 is a front view of the inner movable frame of the same.
Figure 20 is a horizontal section of the same.
The passage of the currents as represented on the diagrams Figures 21 and 22 will
be explained further on.
Figure 23 is a plan of a part of the apparatus and shews another arrangement of
the levers.
Figure 24 is a partial side elevation of the same system of levers.
Figure 25 is an elevation of the plate which carries the system of levers.
Figure 26 is a plan shewing the levers when the needle marks 20 amperes.
Figure 27 shews the same when the needle marks Û amperes.
The employment of the thread or fibre R may give rise to inconvenience in
consequence of the hydrometric variations of the atmosphere or from other circum-
stances; I may in consequence adopt the following arrangement which advantageously
replaces that which I have already described. I suppress the lever L represented in the
figures 2, 3, 13, 14 etc. the thread or fibre R and the spring K to replace these by a
rigid stem R' mounted upon the axis of the movable frame of the amperemeter,
and by a lever I which I fix to the frame of the recorder as in figure 23 or in any
other suitable manner. This lever I represented in the figures 23, 24, 26 and 27 is
mounted upon an independent axis.
The rigid stem R¹ fixed upon the axis of the movable frame of the amperemeter
describes an arc of a circle under the influence of the currents and acts upon the
lever L. The form of the lever L' is such that the point of contact of the stem R¹
with the lever passes away from the axis of the amperemeter, proportionally to the
square of the intensity of the current. The resistance of the two springs K¹ and K²
which act similarly being constant,
results that the deviation of the needle Fis
proportional to the intensity of the current.
I employ two springs in lieu of one only to avoid too much friction upon the
bearings of the axis of the lever which might interfere with the precision of the
instrument.
The arrangement of the recorder is based, as has been already said, on the employ-
ment of a small electric motor constructed in the manner represented by the
figures 1, 2 and 3 and in detail in the figures 4 to 12.
A fixed wooden frame M attached to the base B of the apparatus in front of the
dynamometer carries exteriorally 6 columns of very fine wire wound vertically.
Within it is mounted upon pivots a movable frame N arranged to turn very freely.
It is intended to rotate exactly 300 times a minute. This movable frame carries 12
columns of very fine wire wound in the same way as the exterior columns.
The length of wire should be such as to give at least a thousand ohms of resistance
and much more if currents of very high tension are employed.
P
The fixed frame M is held by two brass bearers 0, 0, which support the whole
gearing and other parts of the recorder. Upon the side of this meclianism a ratchet
wheel is mounted and its axis p turns in the arms p p. The inner end of the axis
carries an endless screw which drives a pinion på mounted upon the axis of the
index of the units dial, and from this movement is transmitted by multiplying wheels.
in the ordinary way to the other indices.
I may also in place of constructing a fixed frame M. with 6 columns of wire as is
shewn in the drawings have only four columns of wire, but in this case I alter the
relative positions of the roller brushes which I no longer place the one facing the
other at the extremities of the same diameter but I leave an arc of 90 degrees between
them. This manner of placing the brushes is very important to the proper working
of the recorder.
The axis of the movable frame N carries at its upper end an endless screw w which
gives motion to a worm wheel N with 30 teeth fixed upon an axis which carries
on its extremity a pinion ³ with 10 teeth which, by an intermediate wheel ut controls
the wheel with 100 teeth mounted upon the end of the axis of the cylinder H. This
cylinder thus makes an entire revolution in the exact space of 60 seconds.
The cylinder H is divided by 21 circles at two millimetres distance, the one from

page_text: the other. These circles are furnished with teeth arranged as is seen in the develope-
ment, figure 5. These circles in the continuous revolution of the cylinder encounter
the wedge placed under the point of the needle F which is consequently raised and in
turn it raises the frame gg and so causes the movement of the ratchet wheel P as will
be explained further on. It should be remarked that the wedge is of a breadth equal
to five divisions of the cylinder H.
The frame g g carries by the side of the ratchet P an adjustable arm Q which
holds a rod upon. which are mounted pawls 7q2 as is seen in Figure 1. These
propel the ratchet wheel each time that the frame gg falls after having been raised,
the rising of the frame releasing the pawls disengages the ratchet wheel, then when
the frame descends again a small spring fixed by one end to a lug upon the frame
and by the other end to the rear of the rod y brings back the rod and replaces the
pawl in contact with the ratchet wheel, which is thus propelled one tooth. The
pawl is jointed as is seen in figure 1 so as to offer all necessary elasticity to adapt
itself to the rotary movement of the ratchet wheel without interfering with its action
upon it. A stop spring prevents the return of the ratchet wheel.
Behind the ratchet is mounted a disc S which turns with it and its flat edge is
graduated with sixty divisions. A fixed index placed near to the edge of the disc
shews the progressive movement of the ratchet. This scale relates to a recorder for
lamp hours. to measure coulombs. The wheel S will have a hundred divisions each
measuring a hundred coulombs. The same will be the case with the ratchet which
will then have 50 teeth in lieu of 30. The cylinder H in this case will make a
revolution in a hundred seconds in place of in sixty.
The regularity of the rotary movement of the movable frame N is insured by a
centrifugal governor T represented by the figures 1, 2 and 4.
This governor is similar to those employed in steam engines and consists of two
balls mounted upon two arms which are separated by centrifugal force and are
brought together towards the centre as the force diminishes by the action of two
coiled springs of a strength regulated according to the requirement. The arms t³ ³
which carry the balls are jointed upon the end of two radial arms projecting from the
insulating ring I securely fixed to the axis of the movable frame N. The two radial
arms are carried by two brass plates attached to the ring I. By the side of cach
of these plates is placed another plate to carrying upon its exterior a small contact T
facing a similar contact placed at the end of the jointed arm T3. The plates to t³ are
insulated from the plates 12. The arms ³ ³ are cach traversed by a radial rod
carrying a coiled spring intended to bring back the ball and its arm towards the axis
of the movable frame. So long as the speed of rotation of the movable frame remains
at its normal value the centrifugal force holds the balls apart and the contacts remain
also at a distance, but as soon as the movement slows down the balls pressed inwards
by their springs approach the ring I and this brings the contacts and one
against the other and closes the internal circuit which urges on the rotary motion of
the frame N. Then as soon as the movement has regained its normal speed the balls
separate and the circuit is broken.
Between the governor T and the screw n are arranged one over the other two
circuit changers U, U₁ of similar construction to those in the Gramme machine but in
which the brushes are replaced by a system of small wheels; which has the advantage
of considerably diminishing friction and wear. The two collectors are arranged
relatively. the one to the other in such manner that the copper blades of the one
alternate with those of the other, so that thus there is always a surface of continuous
contact-fed alternately by each of the two systems of rollers. As is seen in figures 2,
11 and 12, the copper rollers uu are mounted in pairs in two small brass bearings u¹ u
upon the end of a brass blade u² attached at its end to a plate 3 placed upon a block
of wood or other insulating support on the bracket O. The blade 2 is divided for the
greater part of its length to give elasticity, it has also an elongated opening for the
passage and the adjustment of its binding screw.
The detail figures relative to this part of the apparatus represent as follows:-
Figure 4a plan of the governor

page_text: Figure 5 a developement of the surface of the cylinder H.
Figure 6 a section at the first division of the cylinder H.
Figure 7 a section at the 20th division of the cylinder H.
Figure 8 a plan of the fixed frame M and the movable frame N of the motor.
Figure 9 a horizontal section of the fixed frame M.
Figure 10 a horizontal section of the movable frame N.
Figure 11 a section of one of the collectors U U¹ shewing the contact with a
roller u.
Figure 12 a plan view of one of the blades 2 furnished with its rollers.
-
I proceed to describe the course of the currents in the different parts of the
apparatus. This description will be easy to follow by means of the diagrams
figures 21 and 22 which relate figure 21 to the dynamometer and figure 22 to the
recorder.
In figure 21 C, C, C, C, are the four bobbins of the fixed frame. ³ ³ are the
spirals and X and Y are poles. The continuous line represents the current which
passes through the two frames. The dotted lines represent where they divide the two
currents, one for each frame.
In figure 22 the letter M indicates the 6 bobbins of the fixed frame and N the
twelve bobbins of the movable frame-these are divided into two sets indicated by
black and white. U₁ (white) are the six blades of the lower collector connected to
the white bobbins U (black) are connected with the black bobbins. TT are the two
symmetrical parts of the regulator. indicate the roller carriers. X Y the two
poles. The current indicated by the double continuous line is that which passes in
the fixed frame; the single continuous line indicates the current of one of the sets of
the movable frames-the dotted line indicates that of the other set.
The four terminals V V1 V2 V3 arranged upon the base B of the apparatus may
serve indifferently for the entrance or exit of the current actuating the apparatus.
In the annexed drawings I have made V the entrance of the current.
From there
it passes by the wire W to the top of one of the columns of the fixed frame of the
dynamometer it passes from top to bottom of the first column of wire, then from
bottom to top of the second and so on till it arrives at the top of the fourth; from
thence by the wire W₁ it passes to a brass stirrup in which is held the end of the lower
spiral d³ which transmits the current to the bottom of the first column of wire of the
movable frame D from the top of which it enters the top of the second column
through which it passes from top to bottom and so on to the fourth column which it
leaves by the bottom to ascend by an inner wire to the upper spiral d³ carried upon
the brass stirrup from which the current by the wire W2 goes to the lamps.
Conformably to the principles set forth (the current passing alternately from bottom
to top and top to bottom of the columns of the fixed frame and the intermediate
columns of the movable frame D of the dynamometer) the columns of the movable
frame will approach those of the fixed frame where the current follows the same
direction, and this approach will be more or less near according to the force of the
current and will affect the needle F; the movements of this will be similar and its
position will correspond with that of the movable frame D.
From the principal conductor which has its terminal at V there passes a wire W³
which leads a derived current to the top of the first exterior column of fine wire of
the fixed frame M. of the electric motor. It follows this column from top to bottom,
then the second from bottom to top and finally arrives at the top of the sixth column
from which it passes away by the wire W to connect with the conductor leading to
the terminal V³.
Another wire W branching off from W³ at its entrance into the fixed frame M
passes to the front roller carriers u, u of the collectors U U to which the current is
thus transmitted and it passes from thence to the movable frame N.-This frame
comprising as has been explained, twelve columns of very fine wire is divided into two
distinct circuits each consisting of the six alternate columns. These are in communi-
cation one circuit with the collector U and the other circuit with the collector Vi so
B

page_text: that their alternate action produces a continuous effect. The current from the
collector U passes through all the columns of uneven number from top to bottom and
passes off from the eleventh to come back to the same collector from which it went
out by the hinder roller carrier of this collector to pass to the conductor leading to
the terminal V³. The current of the lower collector U₁ traverses all the columns of
wire of even number from bottom to top and leaves the twelfth to meet the same
collector by which it went out by the hinder roller carrier of this collector and so to
pass to the conductor leading to the terminal V³.
The governor is introduced upon the wire which connects each of the current
reversers with its respective circuit in the movable frame. The current passes to the
two plates 2 t2 and by these to the jointed arms t³ carrying the balls and the
contacts t. t. On the other hand the two plates to t5 as well as their two contacts t¹ t¹
placed in front of the contacts T are in permanent communication with the opposite
pole, so that the approach of the contacts closes the circuit and reenforces the energy
of the current propelling the movable frame N when it falls below its normal amount.
The current entering by V and passing away by V3, the terminals V' V2 form the
connections for the circuit for the lamps. The currents derived from the principal
current consequently aid in producing the movement of the motor and increase its
energy when it falls; they aid the governor in maintaining the necessary regularity
of speed so that the cylinder may accomplish its revolution regularly in the prescribed
time.
The apparatus as represented is, as far as the dynamometer is concerned, arranged
for a maximum of 20 amperes, but a double current may be measured; it may be by
doubling the value of each of the divisions of the dial by dividing the current, that is
to say, by putting separately into circuit the fixed and the movable frames which
would give a double section and diminish the resistance.
I do not intend to limit myself exactly to all the mechanical details above mentioned
of which many are secondary and in which change might be found to be desirable in
the course of experience-further, I do not intend to always associate the two parts of
the apparatus because the dynamometric recorder might in some cases be connected
with a magnetic ampere-metor or other analogous apparatus-and again, the electric
dynamometer can be adapted to recorders of a different type.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In an apparatus serving to measure the quantity of electricity consumed, the
combination for the purpose of measuring alternating currents of a dynamometric
apparatus composed of four or other number of fixed columns of wire C, C, C, C, and
a similar number of movable columns of wire E, E, E, E, wound with coarse wire in
the direction of the height, the said movable columns slightly projecting between the
fixed columns, the whole traversed by the same current, with an indicating needle F
mounted upon one of the movable columns and caused by the influence of the current
upon the movable column to deviate to a greater or less extent, tho said combination
avoiding all magnetic field in the apparatus.
2. In an electric counter the combination of the electro-dynamometric apparatus
described and represented with the indicating needle F, the thread R and the spiral K
and the curved lever L, by which the deviations of the needle F are rendered
proportional to the resistance.
3. In an electric counter the combination of the indicating needle F with the dial G
on which the deviations are indicated, and with the frame g g, the arm Q, the rod q
and the pawly to give motion to the ratchet P.
4. In an electric counter the combination of the rotating toothed cylinder H with a
dynamometric motor wound longitudinally with very fine wire, and in a suitable
manner to provide the length of wire necessary to the effect desired; of which the
movable inner frame N carries twelve or any other number of columns of wire for six
or other number of columns of the exterior fixed frame M and makes three hundred

page_text: revolutions a minute, imparting by intermediate gear a rotary movement upon itself
to the cylinder H, one turn in a minute, which numbers however may be varied
according to the use to which the apparatus is put.
5. In an electric counter the combination with a dynamometric motor of a system
of blades carrying rollers u u advantageously replacing the brushes for the transmission
of the current to the collector and the current inverters U¹ U¹ constructed and
arranged in the manner described.
6. In an electric counter the combination with the dynamometric motor of an
automatic regulator T closing and opening, as required, the interior circuit which
actuates the movable frame N constructed and arranged in the manner described to
insure absolute regularity of rotary movement of the movable frame N and
consequently of the cylinder H.
7. The general arrangement substantially as described and represented to insure
precision in the action of the apparatus.
Dated this 4th day of February 1887
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.