IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STAMPING AND BREAKING ORES AND SEPARATING THE SAME FROM SUB- STANCES WITH WHICH THEY MAY BE COMBINED, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM HAMMERS AND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTÈRS PATENT to James Willoughby, William Willoughby, Joseph
Willoughby, and Samuel Willoughby, all of Plymouth, in the
County of Devon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR STAMPING AND BREAKING ORES AND SEPARATING THE SAME FROM SUB-
STANCES WITH WHICH THEY MAY BE COMBINED, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM HAMMERS AND STEAM
ENGINES."
Sealed the 14th March 1871, and dated the 23rd December 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Willoughby,
William Willoughby, Joseph Willoughby, and Samuel Willoughby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition
and Declaration, on the 23rd December 1870, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
WILLOUGHBY, WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY, JOSEPH WILLOUGHBY, and
SAMUEL WILLOUGHBY, all of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR STAMPING AND BREAKING ORES AND SEPARATING THE SAME FROM
SUBSTANCES WITH WHICH THEY MAY BE COMBINED, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM HAMMERS AND STEAM
ENGINES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto us, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that we are the true and first
Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Willoughby, William
Willoughby, Joseph Willoughby, and Samuel Willoughby, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under our hands and
seals, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the annexed Drawings and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :—
The first part of our said Invention consists in the construction of
compound steam cylinders for the purpose of stamping ores whereby a
great saving of steam, as compared with single-cylinder stamping
engines, is effected.
In this compound-cylinder stamping engine only such steam is suffered
to escape as is necessary to lift and force the piston its actual length of
stroke, at the same time that the cylinders are made of full length to
allow for the wearing of the head and the varying character of the stroke
occasioned by the varying quantity of the ore under treatment.
Our said Invention further consists in an arrangement of steam
stamping cylinders which may be single, or compound, or both com-
bined, in which the steam is admitted to and permitted to escape from
acting on the piston or pistons by means of valve gearing which is
entirely independent of any one of the stamping engines so acted upon.
Any self-acting arrangement of valves and pistons which is capable of
giving a rocking or rotary motion, as the nature of the valves employed
may require, to a shaft, or a small ordinary engine, or power obtained
from any suitable source for that purpose is employed to open and close
the necessary valves, which may be of any kind adapted to the purpose,
and moved by cams, eccentrics, or levers, or by direct attachment to the
rods of such self-acting arrangement.
For the purpose of keeping such stamping engines at regular speed,.
we employ a governor, the construction and arrangement of which also,

page_text: forms a part of our said Invention. The revolving part of the governor
is made in the form of a screw, on the same principle as the screw used
for propelling steam ships, and which, when caused to revolve rapidly,
lifts itself on the spindle; this movement being communicated to a very
sensitive double-beat throttle valve, regulates the flow of steam into
the engine. This governor may be applied to any kind of engine for
which the ordinary ball or other governors are applicable.
We will now proceed to refer to the annexed Drawings, from which
the nature of our said Invention will be more clearly understood.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent the construction and arrangement of our
compound-cylinder stamping engine herein-before referred to. a¹ is the
cylinder employed in raising the stamp head; a is the cylinder for
forcing down the stamp head; 6 is the steam chest, which is in com-
munication with the steam boiler by means of the pipe c; d is a
communication from the steam chest 6 into the cylinder a', which is
never closed; and hence, when steam is turned into the chest b it finds
its way under the piston g, thus causing the latter to rise, bringing with
it the piston h and the stamp head k. The piston continues to rise until
its lower edge reaches the port o, when steam rushes in upon the small
piston valve e and causes the latter to descend, carrying with it the
valve m, with which e is connected by the rod r. The steam upon the
piston valve e escapes back into a³, and away to the exhaust pipe upon
the descent of the piston g. By the descent of m steam is permitted to
flow through the port n upon the piston 7, which piston ½, being of
greater diameter than piston 7, is caused to descend with force in
proportion to its greater area. At various distances in the cylinder a
are passages p, p, p, p, which lead to a regulating valve s, which valve
may be set to permit of steam finding its way from the cylinder a³
through any one or more of the passages just referred to into the box t.
When the upper edge of the piston / has passed the port, which may
thus be opened to the box t, steam finding its way up the pipe v forces
the piston valve e upwards, carrying with it the slide valve m, thus
allowing the steam in a² to escape into the exhaust, when the piston g
will immediately ascend and act as before described. At the top of the
cylinder a¹ are several small holes communicating with a port in the
belt a to the exhaust. These holes are so placed as to allow the steam
to escape from over the piston valve e, and also to prevent the piston g
from lifting too high in in the event of steam becoming suddenly increased

page_text: in pressure, damage to the piston h, which would result if it were
brought in contact with the top of the cylinder a², being thus prevented.
At y a stuffing box is placed, and which is got at from a bonnet shewn
in the Drawing for the purpose of renewing the packing.
In using this arrangement of compound cylinders for hammering 5
forgings, to which the same is applicable, suitable levers are attached,
one to a cut-off valve in the pipe c, and another to the valve 8, thus
enabling the attendant to regulate it at pleasure for light or heavy
blows.
In constructing the machinery which forms this part of our said 1
Invention the smaller cylinder may be applied below, and the larger one
above, in which case the action of the valves would have to be reversed:
or instead of using the self-acting gearing shewn in the Drawings a
separate engine or arrangement of valves, pistons, and tappetts supplied
with steam from the boiler, and not in any way connected with the 1
steam in the cylinder, may be employed to move the slide valve or
other valves used to admit and exhaust steam to and from the
cylinder.
Figure 4 in the annexed Drawings shews the construction of the steam
stamping cylinders herein-before mentioned, the small engine before 2
referred to for giving motion to the shaft 6 being shewn at a. On the
shaft are fixed the eccentrics c, which act upon the slide or other
valves d, and so regulate the speed and working of the pistons carrying
the stamp heads e. By a clutch fand a lever attached thereto any one
or more of the stamp heads may be thrown out of gear whilst the others 2
continue working.
Figure 5 in the annexed Drawings, the governor herein-before
mentioned is represented, a being the revolving portion thereof in the
form of a screw.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of our said Invention, a
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would observe, in
conclusion, that we do not confine or limit ourselves to the precise
details herein-before described and set forth, as variations may be made
therefrom without departing from the main principles of our said Inven-
tion; and that what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the same, are,--
First. The combination and arrangement of parts and mechanism in the
construction of compound steam cylinder stamping engines, substantially

page_text: as and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth, or any
mere modifications thereof.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of parts and mechanism
in the construction of steam stamping engines of one or more cylinders,
which may be single, or compound, or both combined, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth, or any mere
modifications thereof.
And, thirdly. The construction of governors, substantially as and for
the purposes herein-before described and set forth, or any mere modi-
fications thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Willoughby, William
Willoughby, Joseph Willoughby, and Samuel Willougby, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.