matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING INJURY TO PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES WHEN COLLISIONS OR OTHER SIMILAR ACCIDENTS OCCUR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Howell Crisp at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1874.
I, ROBERT HOWELL CRISP, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING INJURY TO PASSENGERS TRAVELLING
IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES WHEN COLLISIONS OR OTHER SIMILAR ACCIDENTS OCCUR," to
be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide against those injuries to
which railway passengers are liable from collisions or other causes, which
bring a train to a sudden stop or start it suddenly into motion, which
causes tend to throw the passengers from their seats, and my Invention
consists in means or arrangements by which each passenger can secure
himself in his seat, and thus prevent himself from sustaining injury or
from causing injury to other passengers in case of such accidents.
The means or arangements are applicable to railway carriages of
ordinary construction, and consist of a metal plate or bar secured to and
along the back of the seat of the carriage, into which are secured as

page_text: many "eyes" as are required for the passengers to be seated on that
side, to which eyes swivel links are attached which are connected with
one end of a strap or belt provided with a buckle or other fastening,
there being one arrangement of strap and buckle for each seat, by which
means the passenger can readily secure or release himself at pleasure.
In carriages where the seats have arms, the swivel links of the straps
or belts are or may be secured to a metal T piece attached to the wood-
work supporting the arms which divide the seats.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE RATE OF ROTATION OF A REVOLVING SHAFT
Year: 1874

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1874.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, M.D., of 17, Norland Square, Notting Hill, County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE RATE OF ROTATION OF A
REVOLVING SHAFT," to be as follows:-
It consists of a continuous tube in the form of an inverted syphon or
somewhat like the letter U, and contains quicksilver or other liquid,
such as coloured spirit or sulphuric acid up to the level marked zero on
the scale when at rest. The two legs of the tube are so shaped or bent
as to meet at both ends and thus form a closed bore or cavity in which
the liquid is hermetically sealed. This tube is so arranged by its
supports on a revolving vertical spindle that one of the legs turns in the
axis of motion, while the other revolves round it. The outer leg is
expanded in the bore at its upper part, and the bore is also contracted
at another part lower down so as control and steady the motions of
the liquid in its interiour. In close contact with the axial leg of the tube

page_text: .
and carried round with it is placed a scale on which the lines and
numbers indicating the rate of revolution corresponding to the levels of
the liquid column within as the tube and scale are made to revolve.
'
As the accuracy of this indicator depends on its being kept in a
vertical position, and as this position in the case of its being used at sea
is continually liable to be disturbed, the indicator is carried by a support
through which a horizontal spindle placed parallel to the keel of the
vessel passes. This support is so loaded that it automatically maintains
its erect position while at the same time the motion of rotation is com-
municated to the vertical axis of the indicator from the horizontal
spindle by means of bevilled toothed wheels.
A provision is also made for the scale being being raised or lowered to
compensate for errors which might be produced by great changes of
temperature in alterations of the true zero point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES FOR ENABLING THEM TO BE USED ON HARD AND SOFT ROADS, LANDS, OR SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Grundy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1874.
I, DAVID GRUNDY, jun., of Little Hulton, near Bolton, in the County
5 of Lancaster, Wheelwright and Smith, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE WHEELS OF
VEHICLES FOR ENABLING THEM TO BE USED ON HARD AND SOFT ROADS, LANDS, OR
SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable carts, wagons, lurries, and
similar vehicles to be used on either hard land, soft land, peat, or other
varying surfaces. When used on hard roads or surfaces the ordinary
narrow tyred wheels are used in the ordinary way, but when the
vehicles are required to be used on soft land or comparatively yielding
surfaces I fix to the ordinary tyres of the wheels wide tyres formed of
two parts, each having at their ends flanges through which bolts are
passed, and tightly screwed up for fastening the wide tyre firmly on the

page_text: ordinary narrow one, and to these wide tyres are fixed brackets for pre-
venting the wide tyres from moving sideways, and it will be perceived
that by means of this Invention vehicles can be used on hard and soft
surfaces without the necessity of having a pair of wheels for each special
purpose.
AN IMPROVED RATCHET BRACE OR DRILLING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1874.-A communication from abroad by J. W.
Evans, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RATCHET BRACE OR DRILLING
APPARATUS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a ratchet brace for drilling holes in metal
and other materials, and is designed to afford a more efficient implement
for this purpose than has been heretofore obtained.
The important feature of the said Invention is the turning of the drill
in the same direction during both the forward and backward movements
of the lever or handle of the brace, that is to say, the drill instead of
being inoperative at every backward movement of the said lever, has the
same movement imparted to it by the backward as by the forward move-
ment of the said lever, and therefore both time and labour are

page_text: cconomized. This novel action of the brace is obtained by the following
mechanism:―The drill spindle or shaft has on it two ratchet wheels one
fixed and one loose on the same, the said ratchet wheels are so arranged
that the teeth of one are in the opposite direction to the teeth of the
other of the said wheels. The ratchet lever has two spring pawls
arranged to take into the teeth of these ratchet wheels and actuate one
or 'other of them according as it is moved forward or backward.
The ratchet.wheel that is loose on the drill spindle or stock gears
through an intermediate pinion with a bevel pinion fast on the said
spindle. The said intermediate pinion is fitted to turn freely upon an
arm or lever formed with a boss or eye, which forms a bearing for the
drill spindle or stock. The said pinion is kept in place on the arm by a
fixed collar or other suitable means. The said arm serves for holding
and steadying the brace while in operation, and to afford greater con-
venience to the operator it is provided with an adjustable hand piece
which enables it to be held with great firmness.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMBOSSED, GILT, AND SILVER MOULDINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMBOSSED, GILT, AND SILVER
MOULDINGS." A communication from abroad by John Gschwind,
of the Town of Union, and Charles Beberdick, of the City of
Hoboken, both in the County of Hudson, and State of New Jersey,
United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 2nd February 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: Now the present Invention consists in first protecting the plaster by
means of the foil, and in then embossing both foil and plaster at the
same time. The plaster will then by the foil be prevented from
crumbling, and the additional advantage will be gained of embossing
both foil and plaster at one operation.

page_text: 2nd. As a new article of manufacture the embossed moulding herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of February
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
HENRY W. DEWEY,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING AND AIR COMPRESSING ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Walker and John
Frederick Augustus Pflaum at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st December 1874.
We, BENJAMIN WALKER and JOHN FREDERICK AUGUSTUS Pflaum,
of Goodman Street Works, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING
AND AIR COMPRESSING ENGINES," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumping and air
compressing engines. The engine is intended to be used for pumping
water from deep mines, and is then to be near the bottom of the mine,
and lifting the water up a vertical pipe. It may also be used on the
ground surface for pumping water, under pressure or for compressing air
either for the blast furnace, for mining purposes, or for use in the
Bessemer process.
The novelty of the contrivance is the introduction of a heavy weight
running on wheels or supported by levers, or in other similar manner,
and attached to the piston rod of the engine (which is horizontal) and
also to the plunger of the pump. The great advantage to be gained is a

page_text: better expansion of the steam. When the steam is suddenly turned on
at the beginning of the stroke this extra weight allows the pressure
behind the piston to increase, and when the weight has been made to
move the steam can be suddenly shut off, and the stroke will be
completed by the momentum of the weight and expansion of the steam.
In fact the action will be similar to the Cornish pumping engine, with
this difference, that instead of the weight being coupled to the beam and
moving up and down with the beam it is placed horizontally. In other
respects the weight acts much in the same way as in the Cornish vertical
engine which for pumping water or air is the most economical engine
known. There is no fly wheel, connecting rod, nor their belongings.
The valve is worked by a tappet motion with or without the intervention
of the cataract.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTERS' TYPE CASES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1874.
I, WILLIAM SHAW, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTERS' TYPE CASES," to be as follows:-
I form the "boxes" in printers' type cases so that the partitions
separating the boxes from one another may be moved or shifted from a
straight to a slanting or diagonal position.
The said sides or partitions in some or all of the boxes extend only a
portion of the space now usually occupied by them, so as to leave a
vacant space for the compositor's finger to pass along the upper part of
the said boxes.
The said partitions are at their lower part notched into or hinged on
to or otherwise so connected to the lower part of the boxes that they can
be moved, their upper part being connected to one common traversing
bar lying in the bottom of the case. The partitions may be made to shift
so as to vary the width of the boxes as required.

page_text: When in a type case two or more rows of boxes are arranged and
formed according to this Invention I connect the ends of the traversing
bars so that they can be moved simultaneously. This may however also
be accomplished by connecting them to the stand on which the case
rests, and on shifting the case from one side to the other all the
partitions are simultaneously thrown from a perpendicular into a slanting
direction, or vice versa.
The aforesaid vacant spaces at the upper parts of the boxes are for the
more convenient distribution of the type, temporarily partially filled
with suitable bars or filling pieces, which may be connected together if
desired, so that one action partially fills all the said vacant spaces.
The bottoms of the boxes may be made concave, so that the types
first thrown in have a tendency to take their place in the centre of the
cavity, and the types fill the boxes in a straight or regular manner.
The boxes or spaces between the aforesaid divisions are made so ]
narrow as that the types which are thrown in with their faces uppermost
shall maintain that position.
The different sections of the case may be made of different
appearance from one another in order to facilitate the compositor's
discrimination. This may be done by different colours or by other 2
means.
The cases may be divided into two or more parts, so that they can be.
detached, and each part turned on its end, so that the partitions will
assume a lateral position instead of a vertical position relatively to the
compositor, thereby facilitating the distribution.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF BEARING OR SUSPENSION SPRINGS FOR FURNITURE, VEHICLES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1874.-A communication from abroad by Pierre François
Marie Le Luyer, of Paris, in tho Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF BEARING OR SUSPENSION
SPRINGS FOR FURNITURE, VEHICLES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," a communication
to me from abroad by Pierre François Marie Le Luyer, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system of elastic suspension
applicable to chairs, sofas, bedsteads, and other articles of furniture, to
vehicles, and for other like purposes, and consists in the employment of
a lever bearing or pressing upon a metal spring or a block of india-
rubber, and having its fulcrum at a suitable distance from such spring
or block.
In carrying out this Invention as applied to a chair, for example, there

page_text: or rear, two or any other suitable number of spiral or helical springs
or india-rubber blocks on which the seat rests, such seat being attached
by hooks or other suitable means to the framing at a convenient distance
from the springs. The seat has a tendency to rise at the opposite end of
the frame to that at which the springs are placed, but when the chair is
in use they yield under the weight of the occupant, and a very large
amount of elasticity is obtained independent of the stuffing of the seat.
Adjusting screws may be employed if desired for the purpose of
regulating the range of motion of the seat.
When increased strength and firmness are required, as in the case
of a bedstead, sofa, or vehicle, the two side frames may be connected
together by a cross piece carrying a series of springs or elastic blocks
on which the seat will rest.
In applying this Invention to four-wheeled carriages, the body of the
carriage is supported at the front and rear upon one end of levers which
rest or bear near their opposite end upon springs or elastic blocks secured
to the axletrees, or to a frame carried thereon, the extremity of the lever
being connected to the axletree or frame by any suitable means so as to
be capable of adjustment if found desirable. The front and rear levers
may be jointed together end to end at the centre of the carriage for
the purpose of obtaining an equal distribution of the weight over the
whole of the springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARING AND CLIPPING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Holland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1874.
I, ALFRED HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARING AND CLIPPING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
To obviate the usual friction upon the working parts of the apparatus
I employ two small steel rollers working horizontally on pins or centres
and contained in slots cut through the top part of the cap, the rollers
projecting below the under side of the cap sufficiently to touch the face
of the top cutting plate, and rotating with the to-and-fro action of the
top cutting plate and cap; or I use loose rollers or shots held in
recesses or countersunk grooves cut in the under side of the cap and top
face of the upper cutting plate; and I sometimes provide side friction
rollers held in the usual stops of the cap.
I secure and set up the apparatus by a moveable screw pin with a
thumb-piece for adjustment, the pin passing through all the parts, and

page_text: arranged near the top of the cap centrally between the two rollers
described.
I also prefer to make the shaft of the handle and the cap in one piece,
and to which the lever is secured by a countersunk screw passing
through both parts, and which is fastened permanently by a slot, burr,
or nut upon the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Carl Hugo Krueger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st October 1874.
I, EDWARD CARL HUGO KRUEGER, of Aberdeen, Scotland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus used for cutting or splitting wood,
especially for domestic purposes, and has for its objects the attainment of
greater safety, convenience, and efficiency than where an ordinary axe
or chopper is used by hand. I take a board or frame of wood or metal,
provided with suitable holes or fastenings by which it may be hung up
or fixed in any convenient position, and upon its outer face I make or
attach a series of angular notches. At or near one end of the frame I
arrange a joint upon which works freely one end of a strong cutting
knife, to the other end of which is attached a suitable handle. The edge
of this knife is so arranged that it is parallel or nearly parallel to the tops
of the angular notches when it is pressed against them. By adjusting
the piece of wood which is to be cut or split into one of the notches at

page_text: the most convenient distance from the joint of the knife (according to
the size of the piece of wood), it may be cut or split with great facility
and without danger from slipping by pressure upon the handle. I
prefer to leave flat spaces between the notches, upon which spaces the
fragments of wood may be cut transversely. I make the joint upon
which the blade turns consist of a pin or bolt, or preferably of a hook
fitting loosely into an eye so that the blade can be readily detached, and
I form teeth upon the back of the blade, so that when detached it can be
used as a saw.
When in its place but not in use the handle is fastened
to the board by an india-rubber or other spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charls Emil Fried Pfeifer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1874.
I, CHARLS EMIL FRIED PFEIFER, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County
of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOOTHING IRONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in smoothing irons, and
relates to the construction of such irons so as to be heated by gas jets
issuing from suitable burners, arranged within air spaces in the body of
the iron in such manner as that the gas shall be thoroughly consumed,
and by its flame shall equably heat the entire bottom or smoothing
surface of the iron.
A smoothing iron according to my Invention may be conveniently
arranged as shewn in the accompanying Drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a
sectional elevation; Fig. 2, a plan; and Fig. 3, an elevation of the rear-
ward end.
Gas conveved by an ordinary flexible tube (with wire inside to prevent

page_text: passage a and pipe b, and is consumed as it issues from the burners c in
the air space d. When the gas is burning a draught is created through
the air space, the flames from the burners spread over the whole bottom
of the iron, thus equally heating its smoothing surface, and the products
of combustion escape by the chimney e. A tap or cock ƒ in the tube g
enables the amount of gas consumed, and consequently the amount of
heat generated, to be regulated at will.
It will be evident that the form of the iron may be modified to suit
circumstances without departing from the distinctive character of my
Invention, by the application of which considerable saving in time will
be effected, and the iron will not require constant wiping as is the case
when heated before a fire in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1874.
I, JOSEPH PARKINSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Sewing
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to so construct sewing machines that
rotation may be imparted to the fly wheel of the machine for the pur-
pose of winding thread on the spools without the other going parts of
the machine being worked or operated as heretofore.
The fly wheel is mounted loosely on its shaft, the end of which is
bored out, forming a receptacle for a spindle and a spiral spring. On
the other end of the spindle is a disc having one or more pins attached
to the inner face.
An intervening collar placed between the end of the shaft and the
inner face of the disc is provided with one or more holes, through which
and into a similar hole or holes bored in the end of the boss of the fly

page_text: wheel, the pin or pins enter, so locking or clutching the boss of the
fly wheel and ensuring the driving of the machine.
When only the wheel itself is required to rotate, the outer disc will be
pulled outwards, withdrawing the pin or pins from the holes in the boss
and intervening collar, and bring the pins clear of the holes. The latter
will be held stationary on an intervening washer by the spiral spring
referred to, or an outer disc and pin or pins may be held in position
relative to the end of the boss of the fly wheel by means of a spiral
spring mounted on an outer or projecting spindle; or a disc having
chased or screwed hole, and a conical boss may work on a chased
portion of the driving shaft so as by turning the disc to force the
conical disc into a like formed cavity in the boss of the fly wheel
driving by the frictional contact; or a tapered screw may be used for
expanding the end of a split driving shaft within the boss of the driving
wheel; or a pin may be passed through a hole formed in a collar on
the shaft, and into a hole formed in the boss of the fly wheel; or a catch
hinged to a like disc may be lowered into a notch formed in the boss,
so as by lowering or raising such catch to admit of the fly wheel alone
or of the machine being driven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kirk Boyle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
July 1874.
I, ROBERT KIRK BOYLE, of the Oity and State of New York, United
States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to electric telegraph apparatus, in which the
messages are transmitted by the aid of perforated paper. The message
is first produced on a strip of this paper which is placed between a
pointed instrument called a pen and a feed wheel or roller at the
transmitting station; the said pen is connected with one wire of a local
circuit, and the said wheel is connected with the other wire of the said
circuit. As the said perforated paper is fed forward, the pen makes
contact with the feed wheel through the perforated dots and dashes in
the said paper and corresponding signals are produced by the aid of
similar apparatus at the receiving station.

page_text: The said Invention consists in the following apparatus :-I combine
one or more induction coils and a circuit breaking armature in the trans-
mitting station with an induction coil in the receiving station, the outer
helices of the transmitting coil or coils being connected by the line wires
with the outer helix of the receiving coil while the inner helix or helices
of the transmitting coil or coils must be connected to a galvanic battery in
such a manner that induced currents are sent over the line wires and
produce secondary induced currents in the receiving coil suitable for
chemical writing. One or more induction coils are connected with the
outer helix of the receiving coil for the purpose of adapting the induced
current obtained from the last coil for writing on chemically prepared
moist paper.
The current produced may be used for other telegraphic purposes
besides chemical writing, and the transmitting coil or coils may be
charged by any suitable method of producing an electric current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO ' COILERS,' MORE PARTICULARLY WHEN USED IN CONNECTION WITH DRAWING FRAMES' FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1874.
I, EDMUND SMITH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO ' COILERS,' MORE PARTICULARLY WHEN
USED IN CONNECTION WITH DRAWING FRAMES' FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
-
It frequently happens that the can in which the sliver is coiled gets
too full, and this lifts the coiler plate and cover out of its bearings,
causing breakage or damage to the machinery, and my Invention refers
to arrangements for preventing such breakage or damage by stopping
the machinery when the cam is sufficiently full, and consists in applying
a bollow stand to the cover which is placed over the coiler plate, in
which stand there is a tubular stem which can be adjusted up and down
to bring a cam pulley, carried at its lower end close to the rim of the
coiler plate wheel. In the tubular stem there is a rod, the lower end of
which rests upon the edge of the pulley cam, and the upper end carries
a jointed finger adjustable up and down the rod.
When the can
is

page_text: sufficiently full the coiler wheel is slightly lifted by the pressure of the
material upon it, and the wheel then comes against the pulley cam, the
edge of which is covered with leather to give adhesion, and causes it to
partly rotate, and this lifts the rod and the jointed finger, which is
arranged to come under and lift the " spoon or stop lever through which
the sliver passes to the coiler, and this stops the mechanism. The pulley
cam may be arranged to act upon the end of a lever.
""
In connection with carding engines the apparatus may be made to
throw out of geer the feed of the carding engine when the can is full, or
stop the engine.
Instead of a cam pulley the end of the rod may be arranged to cone
directly upon the coiler wheel plate, and the upper end of the rod may
act upon a lever having its fulcrum in a part adjustable up and down in
the stand secured to the cover over the coiler plate wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING MACHINES FOR CARDING FLAX Tow
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leslie Cunningham Marshall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th October 1874.
I, LESLIE CUNNINGHAM MARSHALL, of Brookfield Flax and Tow
Spinning Mills, Belfast, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING MACHINES FOR CARDING FLAX Tow,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the feed rollers of
carding machines for flax tow, whereby the fibre is not broken, waste
greatly diminished, and the wear and tear of the pins of the cylinder
reduced to a minimum..
The means whereby I propose to attain the above objects are as
follows: I throw out the two feed rollers from the surface of the
cylinder to a distance of about 15 inches, and fill up the space thus
obtained with a large stripper roller having a diameter of about 15
inches from pin point to pin point, and driven at a speed of about 300
revolutions per minute. The object of the said stripper roller is to take
the two from the feed rollers at about 500 of a draft (the feed rollers

page_text: being 3 inches diameter and going at a speed of 3 revolutions per minute).
The tow is taken off the stripper roller by the cylinder, the diameter of
which is about 60 inches and the speed 200 revolutions per minute. I
thus make a draft of about 3 between the stripper roller and the cylinder
aforesaid.
By the above arrangement of feed rollers, stripper roller, and
cylinder I preserve the length of the fibre by giving it into the card
at drafts of about 500 and 3, instead of breaking it as is now the
case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bennett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May
1874.
I, CHARLES BENNETT, of Sherborne Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Shipping Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The improvements comprise lamps with a standard or tube or guide
for and carrying or containing a collapsible or compressible bag or
receptacle for oil (or other liquid for burning), and with a spiral spring
to press upon or cause the bag to collapse and express the oil therefrom
to feed the wick or burner.
The construction will somewhat or sometimes resemble an ordinary
spring candle lamp, but substituting for the candle a long bag of skin,
bladder, or other suitable material, which will hold but not be injured
by the oil, the spring causing the bag to collapse and the oil to rise or
flow to the wick or burner. The bag will consequently assume a
lengthened condition when filled with the oil, and a shortened or
collapsed condition when the oil is pressed out of it.

page_text: It will be convenient to interpose a washer between the spring and
the bag, the spring to press upwards against the bottom of the bag and
force out the oil at the top, or to press upon the top of the bag and force
out the oil at the bottom, whence it may be conducted by a tube or
proper channel to the wick or burner.
When desired the bag is to have at intervals brass or other rings
between which the material will lie in folds, bellows fashion, when in the
collapsed condition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING AND MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Lett Stahlschmidt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st November 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Adolphe Henri Braun, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN CHARLES LETT STAHLSCHMIDT, of Charing Cross, in the
City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING AND MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," a
communication to me from abroad by Adolphe Henri Braun, of Paris, in
the Republic of France, to be as follows :—
This Invention is intended to supply an improved method for
producing colored photographic pictures which will be scarcely dis-
tinguishable from the most highly finished oil paintings, and which may
be obtained at a comparatively small expense of time and labor.
I proceed as follows:-I take what is well known as a carbon
photographic print in the usual manner, but for its support instead of
the ordinary "transfer" paper which is a tolerably stout white or tinted
paper I make use of a very thin semi-transparent paper of the kind
known as "papier vegetal" to which the carbon print is transferred in
the usual
way. I then proceed to color the back of this print with either

page_text: oil or water colors, or by means of chromo lithography. For this purpose
a very moderate amount of care only is required, the half tones and
shadows being produced by the photographic picture. I then by means
of glue or other suitable cement mount the colored picture upon canvas,
cloth, or other material upon which oil paintings are painted, after which
I add such retouching or correction to the front as may be necessary, and
varnish with the usual varnish.
The feature of novelty herein described relates more particularly to
the use of semi-transparent paper as a support for the carbon picture,
and the mounting of such picture when colored on canvas or other
suitable material which will produce a picture in imitation of an oil
painting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING MEANS TO PINS OF BROOCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Schroeder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th August 1874.
I, FERDINAND SCHROEDER, of No. 22, Bartlett's Buildings, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING MEANS TO PINS OF BROOCHES AND SUCH LIKE
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to prevent brooches and such like
articles from being lost by the unlocking of the pins thereof, and also
to prevent scratching or other injury by the pointed ends of the pins
of such articles when in use. For this purpose the point end of the
pin is locked by being received into a recess or chamber which is
supported with capability of turning on an axis of motion, and is held
in position for locking the end of the pin by spring pressure. This
axis of the locking means is so placed that the point end of the pin
passes beyond it, and that a bearing on the pin is obtained on each

page_text: side of such axis, and consequently the pin is securely held from
releasing itself, and yet by simply acting on this locking means by the
finger it is readily turned on its axis and the point of the pin is readily
released. Points or projections to the locking means acting on the
garment aid its holding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS GOVERNORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
10th November 1874.
-
I, FRANK WRIGHT, of No. 55, Millbank Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS GOVERNORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to governors, such as are employed for regu-
lating the flow of gas to a jet notwithstanding variation in the pressure
of the gas supply, and has for its object the construction of such
governors in a more simple and economical manner than heretofore.
For this purpose I provide a circular base with a central inlet fitted
with a conical valve, which hangs from a cross wire that is passed
through slots in the opposite sides of a central tube, and is attached to a
flexible diaphragm of leather or other suitable material. This diaphragm
is attached by its periphery to a flange projecting upwards from the
base, or its edge may be clamped down to the base by means of the
cover, as will be described herein-after. From the base a tube projects.
upwards passing through a hole in the diaphragm, this tube being pre-

page_text: ferably cast in one with the base, and having on its opposite sides the
slots above mentioned, through which passes the valve wire. This tube
conveys the gas to the burner which is fixed on its top. It has near
the base a collar on which the diaphragm rests, and against which it is
tightly pressed by a caoutchouc ring passed over the tube. The
diaphragm is covered by a light dome, which can be screwed on to the
tube, in which case:its edge-can be made to press the periphery of the
diaphragm against the base; or when the diaphragm is secured to the
flange of the base, the dome may be held to the base by two or more
lugs passed through notches at the edge of the base and turned partly
round in the manner of a bayonet clutch.
=
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Gas entering the inlet has
to pass the valve on its way to the burner, and tends to charge the
chamber under the diaphagm to a pressure dependent upon that of the
supply. When the pressure is excessive the diaphragm is raised, and
the wire attached to it rising with it causes the conical valve to close
more or less the passage from the supply tube in such manner as to
maintain a pressure uniform or nearly so in the chamber under the
diaphragm, from which chamber the gas passes by the central tube to the
burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKS OR INNER SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christian Heinrich Julius
Achenbach at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th November 1874.-A communication from
abroad by Theodor Simis, of Hamburg.
I, CHRISTIAN HEINRICH JULIUS ACHENBẠCH, of Hamburg, at present
residing at the Exeter Hall Hotel, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOCKS OR INNER SOLES FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to construct a waterproof inner sole
or sock for boots and shoes. For this purpose I combine a thin sheet of
gutta percha with a thin sheet or sheets of woollen or other cloth, felt,
fur, or hair, or other such like suitable material, and cut such compound
sheet into forms suitable for being inserted into boots and shoes to form
inner socks or soles.
In order to combine the sheet gutta percha with the sheet felt or
other material the sheet of gutta percha is softened by heat and is then
conducted between pressing rollers, together with the felt or other
material, which may be applied to the gutta percha either on one or both

page_text: of its sides. The felt or other such like soft material will by this means
be so firmly united with the gutta percha that it cannot be separated
from it. Socks or inner soles constructed in this manner will not only
be waterproof but will also ensure warmth to the feet.
The socks or soles may also readily be cut to the exact form required!
for the boot or shoe into which it is to be inserted, which cannot be
done with socks or soles the parts of which are sewn together, as is now
usual.
The cloth, felt, or other covering of the sock or sole can also at any
time be cleaned with a brush and warm water without separating it 1
from the gutta percha.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SALICYLIC ACID, AND OF THE ISOMERIC AND HOMOLOGOUS ACIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention.
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SALICYLIC ACID, AND OF THE
ISOMERIC AND HOMOLOGOUS ACIDS."-A communication from abroad by
Hermann Kolbe of Loineic in the Kingdom of Saxon Professor

page_text: glass, or any other suitable material. The temperature being for some
time maintained at about 183° C or thereabouts, until the water with
the greater part of the excess of carbolic acid having passed over into
suitable vessels for its reception, so that the carbolic acid may be used
again, dry carbonic acid gas being conducted in a continuous stream
into the contents of the retort, the formation of salicylic acid or paraoxy-
benzoic acid as the case may be will take place. The temperature may
finally be made somewhat to exceed 200° C; under these circumstances
the entire mass will gradually become solid and the operation is ter-
minated when but little residual carbolic acid distills over.
Secondly. A combination or mixture of the alkalies or of the alkaline
earths, or a mixture of them with carbolic acid is effected in a suitable
open or closed vessel; the proportions being calculated according to
their equivalents or otherwise as may be found convenient heat is to be
applied and the materials are maintained in a state of agitation until the
mixture is entirely divested of water and ready for further manipulation.
This substance dephlegmated as much as possible is now transferred into
a retort and treated as before described, viz., by heating it in a curre
of dry carbonic acid gas. By this means the corresponding salts.
salicylic acid or paraoxy-benzoic acid, or a mixture of them will be formed.
whilst regenerated carbolic acid passes over and is collected for further

page_text: of the isomeric and homologous acids in the manner substantially as
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Complete Specification set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth
day of February One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shaw Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1874.
I, THOMAS SHAW BENNETT, of Newton Heath, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PICKERS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the buffalo hide pickers
used in "overpick" looms for weaving, and the objects of the Invention
are to strengthen such pickers to cause them to run more freely and to
prevent or reduce to a minimum the wear of the holes through which
the spindle passes.
In the ordinary construction of such pickers the method of attaching
the picking strap to the picker is to punch or cut out a long slot
through the picker at or near the top so as to leave a bar at the top,
round which the loop of the strap passes, and the consequence is that
the "pull" of the strap being always upon this bar, which is above the
spindle, has a tendency to drag the front of the picker down and to lift

page_text: the hinder part, whereby the friction on the spindle is very great, and
the holes wear at top and bottom.
Instead of punching a piece out of the picker to pass the picking strap
through I merely make two longitudinal slits in the hide, and I then
press the strip which is between these two slits outwards, so that it
forms a bar or staple, round which the loop of the picking strap is
passed, and as this bar is in a level with and not above the spindle the
pull" of the strap is much more direct, the picker runs easier, and the
holes through which the spindle passes are not so liable to become worn
as in pickers of the ordinary construction.
66
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Simmons Lynn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1874.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
W. Tobin, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America.
I, HUGH SIMMONS LYNN, of the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Thomas W. Tobin, of the City, County,
and State of New York, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:
The Invention consists in the arrangement of a recess in the edge of
each of two mirrors, which are set against each other at an angle of
ninety degrees, more or less, in such a manner that a portion or portions.
of a living figure may be concealed or exposed to view, and by sub-
stituting and removing dummy limbs or parts for the real ones, and by
exposing or concealing the real parts, various highly interesting effects
may be produced. With the angular mirror are combined two curtains

page_text: which extend in curves from the inner edges of the mirror in such a
manner that the figure to be exposed will appear well isolated from
surroundings, and thereby the effect of the apparatus is materially
improved.
The effect which may be produced by this apparatus will be readily
understood from the following remarks:-A person standing behind the
mirrors will be entirely concealed from the view of the audience, with
the exception of those parts of his body which are visible through the
aperture. Before the curtain is opened the person may pass his right
foot, his right arm, and his head through the aperture, the left foot and
left arm being represented by dummies. The curtain is raised, and the
whole person appears to be in full view. Then the operator cuts off the
left foot, then the left arm, and finally the person standing partly behind
and partly in front of the mirrors draws his head back behind the
mirrors (the curtains being closed until he has performed this operation),
and all that remains visible is the trunk of his body, with one foot, one
arm, and without a head; and if he takes a dummy head in his exposed
hand the effect will be still more striking. From this explanation it
will be readily understood that various illusions can be produced by
means of the apparatus for the amusement of children and of grown
persons.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Campbell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1874.
I, JOHN CAMPBELL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wool Comber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMBING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements for clearing the noil
from the wool in what is commonly known as Noble's combing machine
during the process of combing, also preventing the brush from lifting
the wool from off the circles after being put in by the dabbing brushes
which is frequently the case by the ordinary mode of working.
The object of my Invention is to prevent the natural tendency of the
wool to rise, and the brush lifting the wool, alpaca, mohair, or any other
material from off the comb circles during the process of combing, which
I accomplish in the following manner:-I cause a tongue or separater
to be fixed to a bracket attached to pillar carrying driving shaft at cach
side of the machine, where the noil is separated from the sliver, in such
a manner that the point of the same is placed between the circles which

page_text: revolve in the usual way, so that the material that is being combed
passes under the tongue or separater, the noil and short combed sliver
going on to the inner circle, and the long combed sliver to the outer
circle, and is taken off in the ordinary way. The separater or tongue
is capable of being raised or depressed to suit circumstances.
By my improved apparatus the brushes used for pressing the material
on to the circles can be made about half the size, thus causing a saving
in the first cost of brushes, and also in the wear and tare of the same,
and preventing the small knotty pieces or noil of wool, alpaca, silk, or
mohair from being lifted by the brush from the wool and placed amongst
the sliver, which is of great advantage.
-