IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING THE TEETH OF BEVILLED WHEELS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Burrell, of No. 85, Back Church Lane,
Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING THE TEETH OF BEVILLED WHEELS."
Sealed the 23rd October 1863, and dated the 9th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Burrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1863.
I, JAMES BURRELL, of No. 85, Back Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING THE TEETH OF BEVILLED WHEELS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting the
teeth of bevilled wheels. For the purpose of cutting the teeth of bevilled
wheels I mount the wheel to be cut on an axis, which is held stationary whilst
the teeth are cut, except that in passing from one tooth to the next it is
turned through a portion of a circle corresponding with the number of teeth
to be cut. In connection with the axis there is a division plate, by means of
which the angular motion required to be given to the wheel in passing from
tooth to tooth is accurately measured. The teeth of the wheel are cut by
means of a planing or. shaping tool held in a carrier or tool box, which is
made to slide to and fro on a guide frame, as in a shaping machine, but the
guide frame in place of being stationary is made capable of being moved one

page_text: end in such manner as to allow it at the other end to move both up and down
and sideways, so that the tool as it travels to and fro on the guide frame may
give the required contour to the side of the tooth which is being cut. The
joint of the guide frame is also so arranged that the tool constantly moves
radially to and from a fixed centre point, whatever be the position of the
guide frame, and the bevilled wheel to be cut is so placed that the apex of the
cone, of which it is a frustrum, coincides with the said centre point, to and
from which the cutter is caused to move. The apparatus is also so arranged
that the cutter can when required cut up to the centre point, about which the
one end of the guide frame turns. With these ends in view, the following
construction or combination is adopted :-The guide frame is formed with
trunnions at its end, which are mounted in bearings on a semicircular slide,
which is capable of sliding in a semicircular groove struck from the centre
point, to and from which the cutter is constantly moved. The vertical motion
of the guide frame is on its trunnions, and its lateral motion is by the semi-
circular slide moving in its guides or groove. The vertical motion, which is
slow and uniform during the cut, is given by a train of wheels, the last of
which gears with a toothed arc fixed to the guide frame, and the lateral
motion of the guide frame is given by a pattern surface of a form suitable to
produce the contour of tooth desired. The carriage of the axle on which the
wheel to be cut is placed is arranged to slide on a bar, and to be fixed
thereon in any desired position. The bar on which the carriage slides is
arranged to be raised and lowered and retained in any required position, and
the axis on which the wheel to be cut is placed is arranged to be set and
adjusted on its carriage to the angle required for any particular bevilled
wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Burrell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES 3
BURRELL, of No. 85, Back Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her 3
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: 65
the said James Burrell, Her special licence that I, the said James Burrell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Burrell, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING THE TEETH OF BEVILLED WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst.
others) that I, the said James Burrell, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Burrell, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting the
teeth of bevilled wheels. For the purpose of cutting the teeth of bevilled
wheels I mount the wheel to be cut on an axis, which is held stationary
whilst the teeth are cut, except that in passing from one tooth to the next it
is turned through a portion of a circle corresponding with the number of
teeth to be cut. In connection with the axis there is a division plate, by
means of which the angular motion required to be given to the wheel in
passing from tooth to tooth is accurately measured. The teeth of the wheel
are cut by means of a planing or shaping tool held in a carrier or tool box,
which is made to slide to and fro on a guide frame, as in a shaping machine,
but the guide frame in place of being stationary is made capable of being
moved at one end in such manner as to allow it at the other end to move both
up and down and sideways, so that the tool as it travels to and fro on the
guide frame may give the required contour to the side of the tooth which is
being cut. The joint of the guide frame is also so arranged that the tool
constantly moves radially to and from a fixed centre point, whatever be
the position of the guide frame, and the bevilled wheel to be cut is so placed
that the apex of the cone, of which it is a frustrum, coincides with the said
centre point, to and from which the cutter is caused to move. The apparatus
is also so arranged that the cutter can, when required, cut up to the centre
point, about which one end of the guide frame turns. With these ends in

page_text: view, the following construction or combination is adopted :-The guide frame
is formed with trunnions at its end, which are mounted in bearings on a semi-
circular slide, which is capable of sliding in a semicircular groove struck from
the centre point, to and from which the cutter is constantly moved.
The ver-
tical motion of the guide frame is on its trunnions, and its lateral motion is
by the semicircular slide moving in its guides or groove. The vertical motion,
which is slow and uniform during the cut, is given by a train of wheels, the
last of which gears with a toothed are fixed to the guide frame, and the
Jateral motion of the guide frame is given by a pattern surface of a form
suitable to produce the contour of tooth desired. The carriage of the axle on
which the wheel to be cut is placed is arranged to slide on a bar, and to be
fixed thereon in any desired position. The bar on which the carriage slides
is arranged to be raised and lowered and retained in any required position,
and the axis on which the wheel to be cut is placed is arranged to be set and
adjusted on its carriage to the angle required for any particular bevilled
wheel.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan, and Figures 2 and 3 are side views, of a machine for
cutting the teeth of bevelled wheels, constructed according to my Invention.
a, a, is the frame of the machine; 6 is a bar; it is moveable on the frame a,
and can be set higher up or lower down as may be required; c is a slide,
which can be moved along on the barb; and d is the carriage for the axis e, on
which the bevilled wheelf to be cut is mounted. The parts c and d when
adjusted in position are clamped by the bolts g, g; in this way the axis e is
set at the required inclination, and so as to radiate from the centre of the
trunnions h, h. The axis e works truly in bearings d', d', on the piece d, and
at its lower end it rests on a screw point d; el is a divided plate on the axis e,
and an adjustable spring point to enter the set holes therein. The bearings
of the trunnions h, h, are mounted on a semicircular slide i capable of moving
in corresponding guides on the top of the frame; ' is a guide frame or arm
made in one piece with the trunnions h, h, it has guides h³, h2, fixed on it, in
which a tool carrier k is capable of sliding. The tool carrier is similar to that
of an ordinary shaping machine, and carries a tool . To-and-fro motion.is
given to the tool carrier to cause it to make its successive cuts by means of a
connecting rod 1, which connects it with an adjustable crank pin m on, the

page_text: axis m.
a
This axis is driven by a belt passing around the pulley m², and it has
fly wheel m³ upon it. h³ is an arm fixed on the guide arm h¹, and having a
means the guide arm h¹ is caused to
A gradual downward motion is given
9
counterpoise weight h at its end, by this
balance about its trunnions or nearly so.
to the guide arm h¹ to cause the tool k to cut deeper and deeper into the wheel
f by means of the rack h³; this gears with a pinion on the axis n; n³ is a
spur wheel on the same axis, it gears with a pinion o¹ on the axis o; and o² is a
ratchet wheel on the same axis, it receives motion by means of a driver q'; this
is carried by a lever 9 turning about the axis o. The lever receives motion
from the connecting rod 1, which is attached to the bell-crank lever ; ₁² is a
spring connected with one end of the lever 7, and which keeps the other end
against the cam m³ on the axis m; this cam in revolving pushes back the arm
of the lever r, and causes the driver q¹ to pass over the teeth of the ratchet
wheel o, and the spring drawing back the lever r at the same time causes
the ratchet wheel o² to revolve, and the guide arm h¹ with the tool to
descend; s is a pawl, which when the machine is at work lays in the teeth of
the ratchet wheel 02, and prevents its return after each forward movement;
t is a handle on the vertical axis t¹, which at its lower end carries a bevilled
pinion t, and this gears with another bevilled pinion o³ on the axis o; this
handle is employed to raise or lower the guide arm h¹ in setting the machine,
the driver q' and pawl s being at this time thrown out of gear with the ratchet
wheel o. The proper lateral motion to give the required contour to the tooth
is given to the guide arm has it descends by means of a pattern piece u,
shown separately at Figure 4; this is firmly secured to the outer end of the
guide arm h, and descends between two rollers u, v, as is more clearly seen at
Figure 5. The axes of these rollers are carried in forks v¹; the stems of these
forks are somewhat different in construction, as the Drawing shows, but this is
not important, and they are so made only for convenience of construction ;
they are both pressed forward by springs v², v². When the machine is at
work the fork of the roller which bears against the curved face of the pattern u
is clamped fast to the frame, whilst the other pressing against the flat back of
the pattern piece keeps it bearing against the fixed roller. It will thus be
seen that the pattern piece governs exactly the lateral motion of the guide
arm h¹, and consequently of the tool as it descends, so that by varying the
form of the pattern u any desired form may be given to the tooth. By turning
round the pattern and re-clamping the rollers vso as to allow that to play
which previously was fixed, and vice versa, the machine is adapted to cut the
sides of the teeth opposite to those which it would cut when adjusted as first
described. Figures 6, 7, and 8 show the forms of tool which I prefer to

page_text: employ. Figures 6. are a side view and a back view of the lower part of a
tool which I employ to cut parallel notches in the wheel preparatory to com-
When this tool is in use a parallel strip is
Figures 7 and 8 are similar views of tools for
mencing to shape the teeth.
substituted for the pattern u.
shaping the opposite sides of the teeth.
If desired, the position of the carriage d on the bar b may be reversed, and
the cutter made to cut from the centre outwards in place of inwards towards
the centre, as the Drawing shows. w is an adjustable stop to regulate the
distance to which the arm h¹ descends, and consequently the depth to which
the cutting tools work.
In witness whercof, I, the said James Burrell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JAMES BURRELL. (L.S.)