Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 4th Oct., 1899—Agcepted, 4th Jan., 1900

page_text: and that of the bearings of the spindle, ², that is to say, that of the lowermost and
of the topmost bearings. The latter, e, can be dispensed with, as the discs, a³, a³, a³,
may well so support the spindle, i, at that part as to maintain it in its proper
position.
Further diminished friction and greater rotary speed may be obtained by arranging
the bearing as shown in Fig. 3. Here we have the discs, a, a, a, of which only
a², and as, are seen; these are fitted, say, on the underside, with smaller rollers, k³,
,, respectively, the edges whereof may be turned hollow, as shown in the
drawings. These rollers, k³, k, k³, of which only the first two are shown, run on a
raised circular track, l, on the fixed support, e³. Now, if the diameter of the track is
say 5 times as large as that of the rollers, h¹, k², k³, these rollers and the discs, a, a³, aº,
connected therewith, will turn 5 times for every rotation of the hollow spindle, i³,
consequently, the cone, c³, if its diameter is that of the large discs, will turn
4 x 5+1 for every rotation of the spindle, 25, or, in other words, the spindle, 63,
will rotate 21 times as fast as the hollow spindle, 5, to which the rotation is
transmitted; in this form, e, and f, correspond with e, and f, respectively in Fig. 1.
Much higher rotary velocity will hardly be attainable with the construction of
bearing just described, as there is a limit to the size of the rollers as well as of the
large discs.
If still higher velocity is desired, the bearing will have to be arranged as shown,
for instance, in Figs. 4, and 5. The discs here indicated by a, a, a, are flush with
one another, and in engagement, so as to increase the difference of diameter between
them and the spindle, 6. The edges of the discs run, in this case, directly on the
spindle, 6s, or on a collar or "wearing ring" provided thereon. In the edge of two
of these discs, say, in a', and aº, a groove is turned, so that each of such discs, at its
edge, has a flange of the full diameter. The thickness of the discs is such that the
disc, as, enters the groove in the edge of the disc, a', whilst the latter can enter the
groove in the edge of the disc, a', without any one of the discs coming in contact with
another, all of them, however, touching the spindle, 6³, which is supported and
rotated by them. The central planes of all the discs are at the same level. The
spindles, f', of the discs, in this case, must be shorter than the spindles, f, in the
bearings of the construction herein before described, and the bearings for such
spindles must be stronger; for instance, they may run in fixed bearings (but
adjustable ones are preferable) mounted in the standard, es (see Fig. 4,). In order
that shock and pressure may not materially affect the several bearings, and in order
to attain equal effect and equal pressure of the discs on the spindle, 63, without.
increasing the friction on the bearings, h, the discs must be held against the
spindle, 68, by suitable means. This can be effected in various ways, for instance, by
placing a belt, cord, ring or the like on the outside around all the discs, or, as shown
in Figs. 4, and 5, by placing a small pulley over each disc with a suitable steel ring, n,
passing round all the pulleys. Now, if even one only of the spindles, f¹, is rotated,
the ring will transmit the rotation to all the discs equally, taking up the pressure
upon the spindle, b³, and dividing the shock, &c., equally and upon all the bearings
simultaneously, so that these have to bear hardly more than only the friction
produced by the relatively speaking slow rotation of the spindles, f¹.
es, Fig. 4, is a safety bearing, not touching the spindle, 6, unless some of the other
parts were to break.
The discs, a', a³, a³, might also be arranged one above the other, that is to say,
without the grooves turned in the edges of two of them; this, however, would be less
advisable, as the discs would then exert a less advantageous pressure against the
spindle, 68.
Fig. 6, illustrates a bearing with discs all on the same plane, but otherwise
similar to those illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3. Here the spindles, f, are parallel with
the spindle, 64, consequently, the intermediary piece, 7, with bearings, h, is
cylindrical. The discs, a, a, a, the latter not seen in the drawing, may each be
rigidly connected with a smaller dise or roller, k, k, %, respectively formed with a
raised edge. These small rollers run in a circular track, s, provided between the top

page_text: edge of the standard, e, and a ring, e, with inwardly extending flange which
regulates the pressure of the discs against the spindle, bª.
In the bearings last herein described, the discs cannot carry either the spindles, 6³,
or b', nor the hollow spindle, 8, which, therefore, must be supported by a step bearing
and collar respectively, which may be a ball bearing as shown at o, and r, Fig. 6, or
otherwise.
From the foregoing, it will appear that, in steam turbines, for instance, having a
high rotary velocity, this velocity can be reduced by placing such turbine on one of
the spindles, 6-64, Figs. 1,-6, and it is clear that such reduction can be effected in
an extremely simple and easy manner with very slight loss of power, the reason for
this being found in the extremely slight friction. On the other hand, the arrange-
ment above described permits of the attainment of very high rotary speed for an
apparatus, say, a centrifugal apparatus, mounted on one of these spindles. In the
former case, the rotation is transmitted from the spindle, 63, 64, to the hollow spindle
(f, Fig. 4,) surrounding the same, and in the latter case, from the hollow spindle to
the spindle, bb, as the case may be.
In horizontal shafts and transmission shafts, the bearings may be arranged in
alternate direction.
The arrangements herein described have the further great advantage that the
spindles may be made much thicker, and, hence, stronger than when bearings of the
usnal kind are used and in which the thick spindle always entails a very onerous and
often insuperable friction.
As, moreover, the spindle is not to rotate in a bearing, this new arrangement
admits of an elastic packing, say, rubber, being placed round the spindle, as shown,
for example, at q', Fig. 3, between the spindle, b², and the cone, c³, also at q³, Fig. 6,
between the spindle, 4, and the edge of the discs, a¹º, all, a¹. This however, may
be provided in various ways, and, by means thereof, any and even the slightest
shock can be taken up and checked directly, whilst, in packing, as hitherto applied
around the bearing of the spindles, the shock is passed on by the bearing, so that it
cannot be checked with either the same rapidity or certainty.
If, in any case, the discs have not sufficient adhesion to their track, or to the cone,
or to the spindle to transmit the rotation, they may be arranged as toother wheels,
or as a combination of toothed wheel and disc, the track, cone, or spindle being
suitable modified, say, in a manner similar to that adopted for rack railways.
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DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents, 321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Bearings for Rotating Shafts and in Means for
Transmitting Motion to or from such Shafts.
I, JOHAN FREDERIK SCHROETER, of 11, Vedrofsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in bearings for shafts, spindles, axles, and
the like having a high rotary velocity, and in means for transmitting motion to or
from such shafts or the like.
The improvements hereinafter set forth particularly apply to such shafts, spindles,
axles, which for the sake of strength require to be made of a large diameter, for
instance, the neck bearing of a centrifugal apparatus where the friction between

page_text: bearing and spindle is liable to cause appreciable less of power, "running hot," and
other grave and almost insuperable difficulties. These difficulties however are much
less with spindles or axles of small diameter, for instance, the foot step bearing of a
centrifugal apparatus, the diminution of diameter resulting in a corresponding
diminution of friction. Even with axles or spindles of large diameter the said
difficulties can, however, be obviated or at least greatly diminished by arranging the
nook bearing in accordance with the present invention.
In order to render my invention more readily and fully understood, I refer to a
sheet of drawings-left with the Provisional Specification in which
Fig, 1 is a vertical section through a neck bearing made according to the invention,
bearing and spindle is liable to cause appreciable less of power, "running hot," and
other grave and almost insuperable difficulties. These difficulties however are much
less with spindles or axles of small diameter, for instance, the foot step bearing of a
centrifugal apparatus, the diminution of diameter resulting in a corresponding
diminution of friction. Even with axles or spindles of large diameter the said
difficulties can, however, be obviated or at least greatly diminished by arranging the
nook bearing in accordance with the present invention.
In order to render my invention more readily and fully understood, I refer to a
sheet of drawings-left with the Provisional Specification in which
Fig, 1 is a vertical section through a neck bearing made according to the invention,
taken along the line y, Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the line g Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a modified form of the improved bearing i
Fig. 4 is a vertical section along the line 3, Fig. 5 showing a third form of the
bearing
Fig. 5 is a plan of the bearing shown in Fig. 4, and
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a fourth form of the bearing.
The spindle b, (Figs. 1 & 2) carries a cone fixed thereon or a flanged ring c¹, by
which the spindle is suspended from above on the periphery on a suitable number,
(say three) of discs a, a, as, which are arranged around the spindle and inclined
thereto, said dises being supported from below and running in a circular track or
hollow rail d, provided in a fixed support e¹. In order to keep the discs apart and in
proper position, they are mounted on arbors f running in bearings h say in the
funnel-shaped intermediary piece, and by these means, the discs will carry the
spindle and keep it in its proper position. This bearing replaces the neck bearing as
well as the foot bearing, as the spindle b', requires but a small supporting bearing
from below in order to be centred, In the case just described, rotation is transmitted
directly to the spindle b¹, the bearing may, however, be so arranged that the rotation
is transmitted to the bearing and thence to the spindle b¹. In order to effect this,
the intermediary piece i, Fig. 1 may be continued at its lower part by a. tubular
spindle i², surrounding the spindle b¹, and affording a bearing thereto in, to support
the same. When the tubular spindle it, is rotated, the disus a¹, a', and a³ will run
around the track d and cause rotation of the spindle b¹, say that the diameter of the
track d is six times that of the track of the discs in the cope c¹, then the spindle b²
will make 6+1=7 rotations each time that the spindle makes one rotation, there
being no friction beyond that of the bearings h with the relatively slow rotation of the
three very fine spindles f, and that of the bearings or the spindle, that is to say,
that the lowermost and of the topmost bearings. The latter & can be dispensed with
as the discs a¹, a², as, may well so support the spindle i, at that part as to maintain
it in its proper position.
Further diminished friction and greater rotary speed may be obtained by arranging
the bearing as shown in Fig. 3. Here we have the discs a, a³, as, of which only a
and as are seen these are fitted, say, on the underside, with smaller rollers k¹, k², k³,
respectively, the edges whereof may be turned hollow, as shown in the drawings.
These rollers, k, l,, of which only the first two are shown, run on a raised circular
track on the fixed support e³. Now, if the diameter of the track is say 6 times as
large as that of rollers k³, k, s, these rollers and the discs a, a, a, connected there-
with, will turn 5 times for every rotation of the hollow spindle, consequently the
cone if its diameter is that of the large discs, will turn 4×5+1 for every
rotation of the spindle, or in other words, the spindle 6 will rotate 21 times as fast
as the hollow spindle, to which the rotation is transmitted; in this form et and ƒ
correspond with e² and f, respectively in Fig. 1.
Much higher rotary velocity will hardly be attainable with the construction of
bearing just described, as there is a limit to the size of the rollers as well as of the
large disos.
If still higher velocity is desired, the bearing will have to be arranged as shown,
for instance, in Figs. 4 and 5. The disos here indicated by a³, a³, a³ are flash with

page_text: one another, and in engagement, so as to increase the difference of diameter between
them and the diameter of the spindle 68. The edges of. the discs run, in this case,
directly on the spindle 6³, or on a collar or "wearing ring "provided thereon. In the
edge of two of these discs, say, in a' and aº a groove is turned, so that each of such
discs, at its edge, has a flange of the full diameter. The thickness of the discs. is
such that the disc as enters the groove in the edge of the diso a whilst the latter can
enter the groove in the edge of the disc a, without any one of the discs coming in
contact with another, all of them, however touching the spindle 63, which is supported
and rotated by them. The central planes of all the discs are at the same level. The
spindle, of the discs, in this case, must be stronger than the spindles f in the
bearings of the construction hereinbefore described, and the bearings for such spindles
must also be stronger; for instance they may run in fixed bearings (but adjustable
ones are preferable) mounted in the standard, es (see Fig. 4). In order that shock
and pressure may not materially affect the several bearings, and in order to attain
equal effect and equal pressure of the discs on the spindle b³, without increasing the
friction on the bearings h', the discs must be held against the spindle 63, by suitable
means. This can be effected in various ways, for instance, by placing a belt, cord,
ring or the like on the outside around all the discs, or, or shown in Figs. 4 and 5, by
placing a small adjustable pulley over each disc with a suitable steel ring n passing
around all the pulleys. Now, if even one only of the spindles f, is rotated, the ring
will transmit the rotation to all the discs equally, taking up the pressure upon the
spindle and dividing the shock, &c., equally and upon all the bearings
simultaneously, so that these have to bear hardly more than only the friction
produced by the relatively speaking slow rotation of the spindle f¹.
e, Fig. 4 is a safety bearing not touching the spindle 68 unless some of the other
parts were to break.
The discs a', a', a', might also be arranged one above the other, that is to say,
without the grooves turned in the edges of two of them; this, however, would be less
advisable, as the discs would then exert a less advantageous pressure against the
spindle b³.
Fig. 6 illustrates a bearing with discs all on the same plane, but otherwise similar
to those illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3. Here the spindles fare parallel with the spindle
64 consequently, the intermediary piece with bearings h is cylindrical.
The discs a¹o, all, a1, the latter not seen in the drawing, may each be rigidly
connected with a smaller disc or roller k, h, k, respectively formed with a raised
edge. These small rollers run in a circular track 8, provided between the top edge of
the standard e, and a ring e with inwardly extending flange which regulates the
pressure of the discs against the spindle 64.
In the bearings last herein described, the discs cannot carry either the spindles
bor b, nor the hollow spindle, which therefore, must be supported by a step
bearing, and collar respectively, which may be a ball bearing as shown at o and r,
Fig. 6, or otherwise.
From the foregoing, it will appear that in steam turbines for instance, having a
high rotary velocity, this velocity can be reduced by placing such turbine on one of
the spindles 6-6, Figs. 1-6, and it is clear that such reduction can be effected in an
extremely simple and easy manner with very slight loss of power, the reason for this
being found in the extremely slight friction. In the other hand, the arrangement
above described permits of the attainment of very high rotary speed for an apparatus,
say a centrifugal apparatus, mounted on one of these spindles. In the former case,
the rotation is transmitted from the spindle 61, 64, to the hollow spindle or to the
frames (Fig. 4) surrounding the same, and in the latter case, from the hollow
spindle or frame (f¹ Fig. 4) to the spindle 61-64, as the case may be.
In horizontal shafts and transmission shafts, the bearings may be arranged in
alternate direction.
The arrangement herein described have the further great advantage that the
spindles may be made much thicker and hence, stronger than when bearings of the

page_text: usual kind are used and in which the thick spindle always entails a very onerous and
often insuperable friction.
As, moreover, the spindle is not to rotate in a bearing, this new arrangement
admits of an elastic packing, say rubber being placed round the spindle as shown, for
example, at g, Fig. 3, between the spindle and the cone c also at q², Fig. 6,
between the spindle b, and the edge of the discs a10, a", a¹. This however may be
provided in various ways, and by means thereof, any and even the slightest shock can
be taken up and checked directly, whilst in packing, as hitherto applied around the
bearing of the spindles, the shock is passed on by the bearing, so that it cannot be
checked with either the same rapidity or certainty.
If, in any case, the discs have not sufficient adhesion to their track, or to the cone,
or to the spindle to transmit the rotation, they may be arranged as toothed wheels, or
as a combination of toothed wheel and discs, the track, cone, or spindle being suitable
modified, say, in a manner similar to that adopted for rack railways.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A bearing for rotating spindles, especially as a bearing for centering the spindle,
characterized by this that a series of rotary discs, toothed wheels, or combined discs
and toothed wheels are arranged around the spindle the edges (periphery) of which
bear on the one hand, against the spindle, or a collar or cone provided on the same,
and, on the other hand, upon a track or rail provided around the spindle, or against a
belt, ring, cord or the like surrounding the discs and forcing the discs against the
spindle.
2. In a bearing such as referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement according to
which bearings for the spindles of the discs are provided in an intermediary extended
into a hollow tubular spindle so surrounding the principal spindle that the rotation of
the latter may be transmitted to the tubular spindle to the other, in either case
through the discs the velocity being diminished or increased, as the case may be.
8. In a bearing such as referred to in Claim 1 and 2, the arrangement according to
which the discs are connected with smaller discs or rollers, running on a circular
track or path and holding the discs against the spindle or having pulleys (adjustable
friction rollers) surrounded by a ring or the like also causing the dises to be
uniformly pressed against the spindle.
4. In a bearing providing an elastic packing or a ring or springy elastic material
directly on or about the spindle between the latter and the cone or collar thereon, or
between the spindle and the discs acting upon the same.
Dated, this 4th day of October 1899.
1