Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes and other Road Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 27th Mar., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes and other
Road Vehicles.
I, ROBERT ADAMS of 67 Newington Causeway London S.E. do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in tyres for the wheels of
velocipedes and other road vehicles.
According to my invention I construct the tyre of rubber, or other suitable
elastic material or a combination of materials, in such a manner that flanges and
ribs are arranged so as to provide intervening spaces or cells, thereby effecting a
combination together forming a suitable annular elastic cushion for supporting the
superincumbent weight without undue horizontal expansion or vertical contortion,
even without the addition of pneumatic pressure, if so preferred:
The sectional forms of my improved tyres may be variously arranged for effecting
the above mentioned purposes, and may consist of radial ribs integral with the
external cylinder, and with or without a central tubular combination; or the
radial ribs may be combined with two or more segmental portions of the tyre,
which, when built up together, form the body of the tyre; or, instead of utilising
radial ribs, I arrange a number of circular or otherwise formed chambers, which
may be of uniform or various diameters and forms,, between a central tubular core-
and the external cylinder or wall.
The cells or chambers formed as aforesaid, or some one or more of them, may bo
adapted and used for containing air at atmospheric or higher pressures, with suitable
valves; or for being filled with spongy rubber or other suitable elastic material.
These forms of tyres or some of them are sometimes wrapped round with any
suitable binding and protective material, spirally or otherwise, to assist the tyres
in resisting change of form.
I also in some cases add suitable wire to solid or spongy rubber, or other elastic
material, forming tyres as aforesaid, to impart stiffness and endurance to the same,
Buch wire being applied thereto in various forms, either entirely intermixed with
the rubber, or other material as aforesaid, throughout its substance, or so formed
and embedded in the substance of the tread, or sunk within the surface, as to
afford the desired resistance to pressure, and to prevent undue wear of the tyres.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar figures
of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Figs. 1 to 8 are sectional diagrams illustrating various methods of carrying out
my invention.
In Fig. 1 the radial webs or ribs 10, 10, support the periphery or outer portion
of the tyre, and thus form the cells 11, 11, which may be fitted with suitable
valves, and filled with air at atmospheric pressure, or at higher pressures, in any
one or more of them, or may be filled with spongy rubber, or other suitable
material. When used without a cover, the "tread" 12 of the tyre is preferably
thickened, as shown, to any desired thickness. The radial webs, 10, 10, may also
be made of any suitable thickness, and, in some cases the lower cell 11ª is made

page_text: solid, while the remaining cells are otherwise filled as above described; and
external line or lines or other marks is or are made thereon longitudinally, to
indicate the correct relative position of the tyre to the rim, and also of the internal
supports.
By this method of construction I ain enabled to provide tyres of various strengths
to render them equal to the support of any superiucumbent weight, the internal
webs also serving to prevent undue displacement of the tyre relatively to the rim,
and thus obviate side slipping, to which the ordinary or other roughing may be
added.
Figs. 2, 3 and 4 show other forms of tyres, which may be treated as above
described in relation to Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 illustrates a method of forming the tyre in four parts, each of the four
sections being united as shown, and secured by cementing or otherwise wrapping
them in a cover 13, of any suitable material wound, lapped, laced, or otherwise
arranged, or by a combination of such methods, so as to bind, support, sustain, or
otherwise render the tyre suitable for travelling upon roads and sustaining the
weight to be carried. This construction may be varied by forming the same all in
one, or of two, three, or any other number of segments or sectors.
Fig. 6 illustrates another sectional form in which a central tube 14 is surrounded
by a number of circular chambers 15, 15, between the central tubular core and the
external cylinder or wall, the intervening spaces being suitably formed or filled Ro
as to preserve its form and to afford the desired support.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the application of my invention to the wheels of cabs and
other road vehicles, in which the rubber or other elastic material 14 is strengthened
or stiffened by the insertion thereinto of wire 15 or other suitable material for
support, either worked into bands or loops throughout the material, as shown
in Fig. 7, or looped or otherwise worked into or near the tread, as shown in
Fig. 8. With obvious modifications these constructions of mixed wire and elastic
material may be adapted to the circular forms above described, either solid or
cellular.
When using covers the thickened treads may be applied to the covers only, with
or without the addition of wire.
The several forms and arrangements herein before described arc (with obvious
modifications) interchangeable and the special form of each one may be varied in
dotail and applied to either of the others.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other road vehicles, the improved
construction, combination and arrangement of radial and circunferential parts of
rubber or other elastic material, and cells or chambers enclosed thereby, sub-
stantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of
the drawings.
2. In tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other road vehicles, the improved
construction combination and arrangement of radial and circumferential parts of
rubber, or other elastic material, consisting of one complete or of two or more
separate segmental or sectional portious united together by cementing or by a
suitable cover, substantially as herein before desoribed and illustrated by Fig..5 of
the drawings.
3. In tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other road vehicles, the improved
construction substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Fig. 6 of
the drawings.
4. In tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other road vehicles, the improved
combination of wires with rubber or other elastic material,, substantially as herein
before described and illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings.
5. In tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other road vehicles, the application

page_text: and use of air at atmospherio or other pressure as filling fluid in the chambers or
cells shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
6. In tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other road vehicles, the application
and use of spongy rubber, or other suitable elastic filling material, in the chambers
or cells shown in Figs. 1 to 6 of the drawings, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
7. The improvements in tyres for the wheels of velocipades and other road
vehioles, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings,
or any mere modification thereof.