AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF AND APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF AND APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."-A communication
T
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Le Timing of Than
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st April 1875.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF AND APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to spin yarns or threads of more
uniform thickness, of a superior quality, and more economically than
heretofore.

page_text: The apparatus consists mainly of a rotating plate on which the
working parts are mounted so that they may revolve therewith, and
thereby impart a twist to the fibres as they pass through the apparatus
The sliver or riband of fibres to be operated upon is wound (as usual) ou
a beam or roller, which is mounted in guides and rests upon another
roller to which rotary motion is imparted in any convenient manner, so
as to cause the sliver beam or roller to rotate steadily and deliver off tho
shiver, which is drawn forward by a pair of drawing off rollers, and is
delivered through an opening in a stationary casing, within which
rotates a plate carrying the working parts of the apparatus, which consist
mainly of a pair of rollers, one of which is provided on its periphery with
a band of card teeth, which as it is carried round by the rotating plate
drags off a piece of the sliver and thus gradually covers.itself with fibres.
'The feeding of the fibres therefore takes place intermittently. The
second roller is a compressing or smoothing roller and has a bright and
smooth metallic surface The first roller is called the preparing roller,
and is caused to rotate slowly on its axis while being caned round by
the rotating plate. The second roller, which is nearly in contact with
the first, rotates with greater speed and lags down and smooths the
fibres on the first. The end of the sliver of fibres is lifted from the card
teeth of the first roller and is conducted by a guide to the nip of a pair
of stationary drawing rollers.
It will now be understood that as the turning plate (which carries
the working parts) rotates, it will impart a twist to the fibres and form
them into a thread or yarn, which as it is formed will be drawn
forward by the drawing rollers and be conducted to a stationary
cyc, from which it will pass to a beam roller on which it will be
wound.

page_text: the centre of the plate which supports it, and the rotary motion of which
imparts a twist to the yarn or thread which is thus made to issue (as fast
as it is formed) by suitable drawing off rollers, and is ultimately wound
upon a beam. The apparatus also comprises a rotating,' polishing, or
smoothing roller, which has for its object the laying of the fibres upon 5
the preparing card roller, there is also a guide for always keeping
the yarn or thread at the time of its formation at the centre of the
rotating plate.
The improved apparatus thus admits of producing at one operation
(and without any breakage) a fine, smooth, and silky thread or yarn, and 1
generally more regular and uniform thread or yarn than with the
ordinary spinning machinery; it occupics very little-space and it may be
adapted to machines for spinning one hundred, two hundred, or more
threads or yarns, and two or four sets of apparatus may be placed one
above the other and driven by transverse shafts
When the apparatus has been regulated it ensures a perfect uniformity
in the spinning operation; it prevents the formation of knots and the
waste incidental to ordinary spinning, it admits of increasing the
thickness of the carded sliver and therefore increasing the yield, and it
requires less motive power.
Lastly, the improved apparatus renders unnecessary the machines for
doubling yarns which are used in various kinds of manufactures, as
doubled yarns can be produced more rapidly and economically by
adapting the sliver, bobbin, or roller to a mule jenny provided with the
improved apparatus. To attain this end it will only be necessary to place
in the machine the quantity of threads or yarns which it is wished to
double, and to impart to the carnage its to-and-fro motion all the timo
the bobbins contain any yarn.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the
apparatus, some of the parts being shewn in section, Fig 2 is a front
elevation of the same; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section.
It will be seen that the carded sliver to be operated upon is wound
upon a beam R placed in the vertical supports A (Fig. 1), and is
conducted by the feeding roller B and the pressing roller C to a circular
opening made in the compresser or casing I which encloses the spinning
or twisting mechanism. This latter is composed of a rotary plate II
]

page_text: provided with a central spindle E which serves as the axle of rotation
and carries the toothed wheel M whereby it is actuated
Upon this
plate II are fixed two axles J, J, one of which carries the preparing card
roller F and the other the smoothing roller D. The preparing roller F
turns in a direction contrary to that of the rotating plate II, and is
provided at its periphery with a band of wire card having short teeth,
the circumference of the preparing roller being so arranged as to project
slightly beyond the edge of the plate H, so that at every revolution of
the plate H it may tear off and remove a few fibres or a short length
from the end of the sliver of wool which is presented and fed forward by
the feeding rollers B, C. By this means the rotary speed of the preparing
roller F being very slow in comparison to that of the plate II, the surface
of the roller F will be covered with a sort of light nap or sheet of fibres
of a perfectly uniform character, the fibres when drawn off from the end
of the sliver being arranged in a regular manner and parallel to cach
around the periphery of the roller The smoothing roller D is made
with a polished metallic periphery, which rotates at a very short distanco
from that of the preparing roller F, and as it turns in the opposite
direction to the roller F and at a much greater speed it lays down the
floating fibres on the surface of the latter.
When the nap or sheet of fibres is laid on the surface of the preparing
roller F, the end thereof is detached from the roller by means of a
pressing plate or doffer, which effects the same object as the doffer in
ordinary carding machines. The stubbing or loose yarn thus formed is
passed under a guide G attached to the end of one of the rods J, and is
ultimately introduced between the two fluted drawing rollers K. The
lower roller K is mounted in fixed bearings and is driven by the bevil
pinions N, which are actuated by the gearing of the machine, while the
upper roller is mounted in movable bearings and is kept down on the
roller K by the coiled springs P which allow it to rise with facility. In
this manner the speed of the rollers K being arranged in proportion to
that of the preparing roller F, the yarn will be constantly drawn to the
outside and passed over a hook Q attached to the casing I, and be
ultimately wound upon a beam or bobbin R, as shewn at Fig. 2.
The mechanism for actuating the card roller F and the smoothing
roller D is very simple. Through the axle E of the rotating plate H
passes a spindle S, Fig 3, which receives its motion from a toothed
wheel L, and carries at its opposite end a pinion T which gears into and

page_text: drives another pinion U, as seen best in Fig. 4, which represents the
gearing inside or at the back of the plate II The pinion U gears into
and drives the toothed wheel Z attached to the preparing or card roller F,
as seen in Fig 3, and also imparts motion to a third pinion V fixed on
the toothed wheel X which gears into a pinion Y fixed upon the axle of
the smoothing roller D, which thus receives a very rapid rotary motion
in a direction contrary to that of the preparing or card roller F. All
this gearing is enclosed in a metal box W which is attached by means of
hooks to the rotary plate II, and is therefore protected from dust and
from the loose fibres of the wool or other textile substance This box is
morcover provided with a counterbalance weight for the purpose of
equalizing the weight of the several parts around the central axis of
rotation; it is also provided with a¯ circular cover which protects the two
rollers F and D from dust and extraneous matters. These rollers are
further protected by a metal plate O which prevents the floating fibres
from being deposited on their outer sides
It will be evident that the speed of rotation which is imparted to the
toothed wheel L determines and regulates the amount of twist that is
given to the yarn, and that in order to produce any kind of yarn which
it may be desired to make, it will only be necessary to vary the speed of :
the wheel L and maintain at a constant speed that of the rotating
plate H.
It will also be evident that the periphery of the preparing roller F
may be covered either with a band of wire card or with fine comb teeth,
for the purpose of drawing off the fibres from the projecting end of the
carded sliver.
Having now described the Invention of "An Improved Mode of and
Apparatus for Spinning Wool and other Fibrous Substances," which has
been communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,—
The novel system of spinning or twisting animal or vegetable fibres
(particularly wool) by means of an intermittent supply of the fibres to
the spinning or twisting mechanism, as herein set forth
1 claim particularly supplying the fibres intermittently to the spinning 3
or twisting device by means of a roller or wheel called a preparing roller,

page_text: which is covered with a band of wire card or fine comb teeth, as and for
the purpose herein set forth.
I also claim mounting the preparing roller on a rotating plate, so as to
ensure the formation of a light and regular sheet thereon from the fibres
drawn from the carded sliver, and which sheet of fibres is intended to
form the yarn.
I further claim the combination with the fine toothed preparing roller
of the smoothing roller D, for the purpose of laying down the loose fibres
on the surface of the fine toothed preparing roller.
I also claim imparting twist to the fibres by means of suitable
mechanism at the centre of the rotating plate, which carries the
preparing and smoothing rollers as herein shewn and described.
I claim, lastly, the automatic and constant delivery of the twisted
yarn, and the winding of this latter upon a beam or bobbin as horoin set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, the Firs: lay of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.