Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1892-Accepted, 30th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, JOHN NEWTON WILLIAMS, of 81 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, in the
County of Kings, State of New York, United States of America, Inventor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:—
My invention relates to certain improvements in type-writing machines, which
are, in the main, specifically intended for use on a machine of the type described in
Letters Patent of the United Kingdom granted to me the 19th of June, 1890,
No. 9483 and the present description of my improvements is to be read in
connection with that Specification for the more full understanding thereof.
The stationary frame of the machine has a basc-piece supported on legs and posts
which carry the upper segmental frames.
The base piece of the frame has a circular part which contains the bearings of
the type-carrier-operating levers and a forward extension encircling the key-board,
while the upper segmental frames are ranged one in front and one in rear of the
paper carriage and serve as supports and guides for the type carriers.
The paper carriage is arranged diametrically of the circular portion of the base
frame and is mounted so as to run on a single rail. This rail is made in the form of
a girder and is of considerable depth so as to be sufficiently stiff.
Its
upper edge
is expanded laterally and lengthwise in the form of a bar or track which is grooved
on its upper surface to receive anti-friction balls. The groove is made of such
shape and dimensions relatively to the balls that the latter bear on the inclined
faces of the groove without touching the bottom thereof so that the carriage may
travel on said balls from side to side of the machine with a minimum of friction.
The carriage has a bar similar to the bar of the track and similarly grooved to rest
upon the said balls. This bar forms together with the two standards rising near its
ends substantially the entire carriage frame. The rotary platen or paper roller,
which may be of usual construction, is journaled in these standards, its trunnions
projecting through the standards and bearing rigid with them wheels whereby the
platen is rotated. A thumb wheel at the right hand end is turned either way by
the operator to feed the paper in either direction optionally.
A lever is pivoted to the carriage bar at the left hand end of the machine and
has an inwardly projecting arm. A link at the end of the arm is joined to an
U-shaped lever or yoke which embraces a ratchet wheel and turns loosely on the
platen trunnion. A pawl is hinged in the U-yoke. A spring which bears under a
lip of the pawl encircles the trunnion and is fixed at one end to a bar, tending at
the same time to keep the pawl against the ratchet wheel and to retain the yoke in
a horizontal position. It is stopped at that position by a pin on a standard which
arrests the inwardly projecting arm. By pressing the lever inward with the fingere
of the left hand, the arm is depressed drawing down the link and yoke and the
pawl, engaging with the ratchet wheel, rotates the same the width of a line spacing.
When the lever is released the spring returns the parts to normal position. It is
apparent that if the pawl be only brought into engagement with the ratchet wheel
after the commencement of the inward movement of the lever, the lever will
continue to move inward without rotating the platen. This enables the use of
certain improved means for the regulation of the width of the line spacing and
consisting of a cam which has a finger piece and is pivoted on the platen trunnion.
By the finger piece the cam can be turned to locate at will the point at which the
pawl in its downward movement will engage with the ratchet wheel to rotate it.
A locking segment has perforations to receive a pin on the inner face of the finger
niece so arrosting it in any desired position.

page_text: In this machine, it is the intention that the return of the carriage into position
to start a fresh line shall be performed by the left hand of the operator. I therefore
provide means whereby this operation just described of the lever will disconnect
the step-by-step feed so that by continuing the inward pressure on the lever it will
be shifted with the carriage which supports it into position for beginning a new
line.
lever arm.
The long step-by-step feed rack runs from side to side of the machine and has at
each end an arm whereby it is pivoted on the standards. The arm at the left end
is prolonged across the carriage bar so as to project into the path of a finger of the
The depression of the lever arm when the lever is pressed to the right
brings the finger into engagement with the rack arm and the rack is thereby
rotated around its pivots and disconnected from its escapement, and the operator
by then continuing to press to the right on the lever may throw the carriage to the
right side of the machine for beginning a new line. A single movement therefore
by the operator rotates the platen, disconnects the carriage from its escapement and
moves the carriage into position for beginning a line of writing.
On the lever is a teat which comes in contact with the ratchet wheel during this
operation, both to arrest the movement of the lever and to positively stop the
platen from further rotation while the carriage is being returned to the right side
of the machine.
When the carriage reaches a position at the right side of the machine an arm of
said carriage hereinafter described comes in contact with a rearward projecting
stop. This stop has a sleeve arranged to slide on a toothed bar hung in lugs of the
track. A spring bolt or pin carried by a sleeve engages the teeth of the bar to
arrest the stop at any desired position. In this manner the width of line may be
regulated. When the arm strikes the stop, the operator releases the lever, allowing
the long feed rack to drop into engagement with its escapement and so hold the
carriage in readiness for writing.
To lock the carriage during the moment occupied in the dropping of the feed
rack to vertical position, so that there may be no danger that the escapement will
skip one or two teeth of the feed rack before arresting the carriage, I employ the
following mechanism :
The track bar is toothed on its rear upper edge. On a bar of the carriage is
mounted a pawl which has, rigid with it, a long arm pressed down against a stop
pin on an arm by one end of a spring whose other end rests against a pin. The
lever returning spring already described must be of such strength as to yield under
the inertia of the carriage when the lever is pressed inward, but to overcome the
action of the spring when the lever is released. When, therefore, the operator
presses the lever inward, the pin drops, and as the arm follows it under the action
of the spring the pawl is brought down against the teeth and will, when the lever is
released, temporarily lock the carriage until it is lifted by the pin as the feed rack
comes into engagement with its escapement.
At the right-hand end of the platen also I provide means for enabling the
carriage to be shifted from one side of the machine to the other. This operation
involves the disconnection of the step-by-step escapement but not of the automatic
line feed mechanism. The device consists of a thumb-piece or lever pivoted on the
right hand platen trunnion and impinging when it is depressed on the rack arm
which projects up into its path. This movement dislodges the rack from its
escapement so that the operator by using the thumb piece can move the carriage
freely from side to side of the machine. An arm rigid with the lever arrests the
latter at both extremities of its movement by impinging on parts of the paper
carriage frame and the spring returns the lever to its normal position. The
prompt return of the rack to engagement with its escapement is aided by a
spring.
The paper being written on is rolled by the operation of the platen from the spring
wire paper cage in front of the carriage into a similar cage in rear of the carriage,
passing over the top of the platen whereon it is pressed in front by a bar and at

page_text: rear by a roller. The bar has a scale on its upper surface whose graduations
correspond to the teeth of the step-by-step feed. It is pivoted by arms at its ends
to lugs fixed to the standards and is held down on the platen by the spring wire
cage, loops of which engage with the bar.
Finger pieces on the arms enable the bar to be turned around its pivots to a
vertical position over the same in which position it is automatically held by the
downward pull of the wire cage. This movement enables the paper to be slipped
into the cage by the operator. The rear paper pressure roller is hung ou links
pivoted to the standards. The wire cage is hung from the same links and by their
downward pull hold the rear pressure roller against the platen.
An index indicates the central point over the platen at which all impressions
occur. It is hinged to the rear face of the front segment frame and is pressed
downward to a horizontal position by a spring. This construction enables the
index to rise with the pressure bar when the latter is raised to allow the paper to
be inserted.
It will be seen that the paper carriage embracing the bar, platen, the two paper
cages and the allied mechanism which I have just finished describing straddles the
vertical rail or girder and moves integrally from end to end of the same.
The paper carriage is held on the girder by the following means: A. J-shaped
pendent arm is fixed at its upper end to the carriage bar and a two-part double
beveled telescoping wheel is supported upon said arm and engages the lower edge
of the rail. This wheel runs on a pintle held in its supports on said arm by a
spring and co-operating with the two-part beveled wheel to securely hold the rail.
This peculiar construction enables the parts to be readily assembled and also allows
the mechanism when assembled to yield slightly so that the carriage will run with
little friction. The constant automatic pressure, acting with the beveled surfaces
of the wheels takes up all back lash and prevents loose motion. The carriage is
supported on and guided by grooved bars and balls-the pendent arm and wheel
serving simply as a means for steadying this movement and prevent its dislodge-
ment. The carriage is pulled from right to left by a spring coiled in a box and
connected to a cord which is attached to a pin on an arm rigid with the carriage.
The carriage while running freely from left to right on the rail will partake of
the movement of that rail from front to rear. This movement takes place when it
is desired to shift the platen to the front or rear of its normal position to bring
another set of type of the type carriers into operation.
The rail rests on the upper ends of rocking levers carried by a rock shaft which
is journaled in 'diametrically opposite. sides of the base frame. Teats on the top
of said levers enter holes in the rail thus preventing its dislodgement.
A. pin
entering a socket in the end of the rail prevents the latter from lifting in its seat.
The tops of the levers are curved in a circle struck from the levers' pivots, so that
the levers can rock under the bar maintaining the same in a horizontal plane. One
of the levers has integral with it an arm so that the two parts form a bell-crank-
lever which projects forward toward the key board of the machine and is connected
by a rod with a rocking key pivoted to the base frame. Depression of the rear
end of the key by forcing down the rod, depresses the arm, rocking the shaft and
swinging the upper end of the levers forward. This movement also brings forward
the rail and the paper carriage so as to bring the platen to a different line of type
on the type carriers from that normally used. The depression of the front end of
the rocking key by lifting the arm above its normal position and throwing the
lever and paper carriages back will bring still another line of type into action.
A counteracting spring wound around the rock shaft and having its free ends
projecting on opposite sides of a stud on the forward projecting arm and a stud on
a fixed lug of the stationary frame, serves to return said arm to its normal horizontal
position and so maintain the platen as to bring the central line of type into action.
For either the elevation or depression of the arm carrying with it the moving stud
will bend one end of the spring while the other end is arrested by the fixed stud.
In the extreme position the key is arrested and prevented from falling back by a

page_text: rocking arm pivoted to a fixed projection of the key and engaging with one side
or the other of a fixed teat on the base frame. Stops limit the upward and down-
ward movements of the arm.
It is desirable that when the rocking key is released and the carriage is thrown
back to its normal position by the spring, it shall be positively arrested and locked
there without vibrating over its pivots but the lock must be of such nature that it
will be automatically removed by the operation of the key, in other words, it is
desirable to be able to shift the carriage from front to rear by means of the key
and yet to have the carriage so locked that it cannot be vibrated by its own
momentum or by force directly applied to it. To accomplish these results I extend
the forwardly projecting arm forward of the connection of the link and provide on
its outer end a pin or stud. I also extend downward the arm of the rocking key
and provide at its lower end two pins which when said arm is in vertical position
The
are immediately above and below the pin on the forwardly projecting arm.
adjacent faces of the pins are flattened as shown in dotted lines. The connection
of the link to the arm is by a pin and slot. The result is that when either end of
the rocking key is depressed the loose motion will allow the paired pins to clear
the pin on said arm before the arm is moved and yet when the arm returns to its
normal horizontal position it is immediately locked by the engagement of the said
pins and prevented from being operated by the momentum of the paper carriage
or by force applied thereto. A returning spring similar in construction and
arrangement to the spring already described for returning the paper carriage to
central position is wound on the stud and its ends engage on opposite sides of a pin
on the link and a stud on the arm so as to keep the pin normally in the middle of
the slot.
It is desirable that the point of impression of the type on the surface of the
platen be at all times in the same vertical plane as the trunnions of the platen so
that the whole face of the type may print evenly and the blow shall not tend to
revolve the platen. I therefore maintain the paper carriage perfectly level
notwithstanding the swinging action of its supporting levers. It is for this purpose
that the rail is, as already explained, pivoted on the levers at their ends.
upper
It will be seen that one of the levers is slotted and that the lower edge of the rail
has a pin projecting through the slot.
A lever pivoted on the above mentioned lever has open ended slots engaging
with the pin on the rail and with a pin on the stationary post. A spring
fulcrumed on the pin and bearing against the pivot and the pin takes all back
lash on the pivots, whether arising from wear, looseness of joints or other cause.
Supposing the lever to be swung forward on the depression of the key, it will
bring with it the rail and the paper carriage supported thereon but the upper end
of the lever being arrested by the pin, the lower end of said lever, acting on the
pin, will slightly turn the rail on its bearings on the levers keeping the carriage in
horizontal position.
The escapement mechanism for allowing the carriage to be fed from right to
left step-by-step under the influence of the coiled spring in the box will next be
described.
A short rack carried by a curved arm is pivoted to the rail. Another short
rack has pin and slot connection with the short rack above mentioned and has a
spring which tends constantly to force the rack to the right. As the arm is
vibrated over its pivots, the racks are brought alternately in connection with the
long rack allowing the same together with the paper carriage to be fed forward
step-by-step in a well-known manner. It is important that the connection of the
arm to the feed bar be such as to remain unaltered when the carriage is shifted
from front to rear in changing the line of type brought into operation. To this
end employ the following mechanism:
A feed or spacer bar of flattened U-shape has its arms pivoted to the stationary
parts of the machine for instance, on one side to the base frame and on the other
side to the pendent lug already referred to. A stop on this lug may arrest the

page_text: upward movement of the spacer bar. The spacer bar is hang from the arm of the-
short vibrating feed rack by a pin and a spiral spring while. between the two-
members is placed as a spreader or push rod a short bar. This bar has a flaring
slot at its lower end whereby it may seat on and oscillate over the spacer bar and
its upper end is connected to the arm by a teat which projects loosely through a
hole in said arm.
The upper end of the bar is segmental, with a radius struck from its point of
contact with spacer bar, so that as the bar oscillates on the other bar the distance
between the bar and the arm will remain constant. The several key levers with
the spacer key levers are ranged in a bank pivoted on a transverse bar arranged
over the spacer bar. A depression of any one of these keys will cause the
depression of the spacer bar and as the bar falls with it, the spring can draw down
the arm keeping it in contact with the top of the bar until the rack is dislodged
from the long feed rack and the rack engaged therewith.
It will be seen that this action has expanded the spring inasmuch as the part
of the arm to which it is attached does not fall as rapidly as the end of the curved
arm. When therefore the key which has been depressed is released, the con--
traction of the spring will raise the arm to which it is attached, and with it the
spacer bar and the curved arm, fulcruming them about the spreading bar. The
two pivoted members or levers with the link or bar and the spring all move up.
together as said levers turn on their pivots and in this way the return movement
of the short feed racks is effected, bringing the sliding rack again into engagement
with the long rack so as to allow the carriage to feed forward the width of one
letter or space.
The key levers are flat bars whose front ends are guided through a face plate
forming the key board. The face plate has slots but slightly wider than the keys,
to receive and guide them. Friction is lessened at those points by making the
ends of the slots slightly wider than their center so that the keys can twist
slightly without binding. Another guide consisting of a vertically slotted trans-
verse bar is provided toward the rear of the machine. This guide serves to hold
the levers vertical and keep them properly spaced on the pivot rod on which they
are slipped loosely. Those key levers which operate the front bank of type
carriers terminate at the guide while those which operate the rear bank run
through to the rear end of the machine.
The type carrier consists of a rod (which carries a type block) and an U-shaped
bar. This bar is formed of a flat piece bent up into U-shape and having one-
end bent around the rod so as to hold it firmly. Upon the bar are lugs to which.
are hinged the upper end of the links and levers which actuate and support the -
type carrier.
These links and levers are hinged respectively to the upper segmental frames.
and the base frame.
The circular parts of the said frames have radiating grooves and a curved
groove cutting through the first formed grooves. The links and levers being
dropped into the said grooves, a wire or rod bent to the proper shape is run
through them all and, is then locked in position in the groove by keys.
The levers which are connected to the rear ends of the type carriers are of
considerably greater length than the links which are attached to or near the middle
of the latter so that when the lever is thrown forward to the projected position
the type block will describe a sharp curve and come down on the platen almost
vertically the rear end of the type carrier travelling meanwhile in a nearly straight
line.
The method of forming the type bar of a piece of flat metal bent up in U-shape
is advantageous not only on account of its lightness, convenience and cheapness
but because it allows the link to enter the U bar slightly when the type carrier is
projected thus enabling the link to be crooked to clear the type blocks of adjoining
bars.
The long key levers have near their rear ends push rods and beyond them spiral

page_text: springs both united to the arm of the levers. When therefore the rear end of said
key levers is raised by the depression of a key and the arm is lifted by the rod to
project the type into operating position, the spring is expanded because the arm
will move through a greater arc than the rear end of the key lever and will
restore the parts to normal position by contraction on the release of the key.
The short key levers are connected with the arms of the forward bank of levers
by rods or spreaders and, in front of the. latter, spiral springs. The relative
distances of the connections from the fulcra are so proportioned that on the
depression of a short key lever the spring is expanded and on release of the key
lever it will restore the parts to normal position. The spacer key lever is raised by
a separate and independent spring.
Guides are provided for the type carriers. Each type block has three characters,
the faces of which rest in the normal position on an ink pad supported in a curved
pan which is pivoted at each end to the upper segments of the stationary frame.
The blocks rest in parallel series on the pad and the type carriers radiate there-
from, and are so hung on their supporting links and levers that when projected as
shown, they will all strike a common point over the platen.
The main body of the ink pad is made of felt or similar porous material capable
of taking up the great quantity of ink preferably divided into a number of sections,
each section braced or strengthened by a curved metal backing and the top
of the pad is faced with a thin layer of skin or leather. I find this combination
exceedingly efficacious, the leather being just sufficiently porous to allow the
right quantity of ink to pass through for inking the faces of the type.
In most of the machines on the market at the present day there is nothing to
arrest the action of the keys when the end of a line is reached and the operator
may, if not careful, strike one character over another on the same spot, causing a
mark which is difficult of erasure. To avoid this I employ a lock which will
positively arrest the movement of the keys when the carriage is at or near the end
of its movement. The universal space bar has a finger. A sleeve or rotary
member is supported on a fixed pin or projection from the main frame. This
member has a hook which is normally turned up by a spring out of the path which
the pin will take on the descent of the space bar. The said member also has an
arm which is adapted to be struck by a projection from the paper carriage. This
projection is so located as to come in contact with the arm when the carriage has
reached the end or nearly the end of its movement, and when the impact takes
place the hook is thrown down into position, where it will arrest the pin and space
bar and so prevent the depression of the key. Preferably this action takes place
at one step before the end of the carriage movement so that by touching the
rocking key and thereby oscillating the paper carriage the arm and the projection
will be disconnected when the spring will force the hook from engagement with
the pin and allow the depression of a key to make one additional letter on the
line. This is especially desirable where the addition of a single character such as
for instance a period or a hyphen will complete a word or a syllable.
In the preferred form of this locking mechanism, instead of locking the universal
space bar, I employ an additional bar which is pivoted in stationary parts of the
frame and connected by a link with a bell crank lever adapted to be struck by a
projection from the pendent arm or other rigid part of the carriage frame. A
spring is arranged to press on the bell crank lever so as to maintain the bar
normally in the position shown but when the bell crank lever is struck by the
projection of the paper carriage it is vibrated raising the bar to the position where
it will arrest the depression of the key levers.
It is convenient to slot the bar at the parts immediately under the period, comma
and hyphen levers so that the said levers may be depressed freely to properly end
a line.
In still another form of the lock, an additional bar is also used and the same
instead of being pivoted to fixed portions of the main frame is arranged to slide
thereon or is mounted on swinging links which are swung from the main frame.

page_text: One of said links has a stud which is engaged by an open slot in the end of a lever
adapted to be struck by a projection on the carriage frame. The bar of this form
has a number of slots corresponding to all the key levers and in the normal
operation of the machine these slots are arranged under the key levers so that the
latter may be freely depressed but when the carriage reaches the end of a line
the bar is thrown to one side shifting the slots so that the key levers cannot be
depressed. An exception is made however as to two levers containing the period,
comma and hyphen, the slots for which are of double width so that when the bar
is shifted the said key levers can still be depressed.
A desirable modification of my invention contemplates the simplifying of the
mechanism for shifting the platen from front to rear while maintaining its hori-
zontality. Instead of the parts hereinbefore described for effecting this purpose
I may fix to the girder, which supports the paper carriage a forward extending
arm with a vertical slot, in the forward end of which engages a pin or stud in
a downward projecting arm of the tilting or rocking key, which slot is made
wider at the center than at each end so as to allow a slight play of the rocking
key without imparting movement to the paper carriage. The key has upon it
a stud which, in the nonnal central position of the parts is engaged between
the two pins on the forward projecting arm of the girder or carriage supporting
rail. This effectually prevents the shifting of the platen to front or rear, except
by the action of the rocking key, while the slight play allowed the key stud in
its slot permits the dislodgement of the lock when the carriage is to be shifted
by the key. A central spring is bent around the hub of one of the carriage
supporting standards and having its edges engaging on both sides of pins fixed
to said standards and to the stationary frame of the machine respectively insures
the return of the carriage to the central position automatically on releasing the
shifting key. The projecting ends or other parts of the carriage rail have
pendent ears or lugs at each side which, when the carriage is shifted, impinge
on the stationary frame and limit the forward and rearward movement of the
carriage. The central spring surrounding the pivot of the locking cam of the
shifting key is also ample for returning said cam to central position. The ends
of the spring pass to opposite sides of pins on the arm of the locking cam and
rocking key respectively.
I find it convenient to substitute for the pointer or indicator heretofore described
fixed to the rear of the front upper segment of the machine frame a combined
pointer and type guide. This consists of a yoke having two fingers which project
from the frame over the platen in position to receive between their ends a projected
type just as the latter is about to strike the platen. The faces of the fingers are
rounded so as to offer as narrow a line of contact as possible to a descending type
or type block. The yoke is pivoted preferably to the rear side of the front upper
segment of the fixed frame and has a spiral or other spring for holding it normally
to horizontal position upon allowing it to yield upward on resting the front pressure
bar on the paper carriage. Forward projecting lugs on the yoke seat under the
frame when the guide has reached its horizontal position and so limit and fix its
movement.
A convenient method of mounting the long feed rack which I may employ instead
of that herein described, has the ends of the rack on the extremities of pendent
links or guided from the carriage rail by pins and inclined slots so that on merely
pressing the carriage to the right, the rack will ride easily over its stop mechanism.
A suitable stop is employed to prevent too free movement of the rack in a contrary
direction.
Dated this 99th do of Combo 1001

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, JOHN NEWTON WILLIAMS, of 81 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, in the
"County of Kings, State of New York, United States of America, Inventor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The accompanying drawings illustrate a type-writing machine embodying my
improvements, and I will first fully describe the said machine and then point out
in the claims the novel parts and combinations. In said drawings
Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine. For the sake of clearness of the
drawings many of the lower lying portions of the machine are omitted.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the machine, the plane of section being taken
midway of the machine from front to rear.
Figure 3 is a detached view of a portion of the key-board, illustrating the
method of guiding the front ends of the key levers.
Figure 4 is a transverse sectional elevation of the machine on the plane indicated
by the broken line iv.-iv., Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an end view of the right hand end of the paper carriage and adjacent
parts.
Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the left end of the paper carriage and
associated parts taken on the line vi.-vi., Figure 7.
Figure VII. is a similarly enlarged rear elevation of said end of the paper
carriage.
Figure VIII. is a partly sectional end elevation of the other end of the paper
.. carriage.
Figure IX. is a sectional view of the long feed rack and carriage bar.
Figure X. is a view similar to Figure IV. taken on the opposite side of the
paper carriage.
Figure XI. is an end view of the right hand end of the paper carriage and
connected mechanism.
Figure XII. is an edge view of the carriage shifting and locking devices taken
on the plane indicated by the dotted lines xii.-xii., Figure XI.
Figure XIII. is a front edge view of the same and
Figure XIV. is a side view thereof. In the latter view the mechanism is shown
at one extreme position.
.
Figure XV. is a partially sectional top view of portions of the carriage shifting
mechanism.
Figure XVI. is a perspective view of a portion of the machine frame.
Figure XVII. is a perspective view of a single type carrier.
Figure XVIII. shows in underside view, longitudinal section and transverse
section the ink pad and pan, as well as in side view, one of the pad-sections
-detached.
Figures XIX. and XX. are detail sectional views, taken in transverse vertical
planes of portions of the machine, illustrating one form of mechanism for locking
the key levers when the carriage approaches the end of its movement in printing
a line."
Figures XXI., XXII. and XXIII. are respectively a plan, and two vertical
sectional views in transverse planes, illustrating the preferred form of such locking
mechanism.
Figures XXIV. and XXV. are respectively plan and transverse vertical
sectional views illustrating still another form of the locking device.
Figure XXVI. is a top view and
TYYVIL
mission machanism

page_text: of the platen.
Figure XXIX. is a detail plan view illustrating one form of my type-guide.
Figure XXX. is a perspective view of said guide.
Figure XXXI. is a side view of the shifting key mechanism shown in
Figures XXVI. and XXVII.
Figures XXXII. and XXXIII. are views of certain methods of mounting the
long feed rack.
The stationary frame of the machine has the base piece 1, 1ª supported on legs 2
and having posts 3 which carry the upper segmental frames 4, 4.
In the top view (Figure 1) the base piece of the frame is shown to have a
circular part 1 which contains the bearings of the type-carrier-operating levers and
a forward extension 1 encircling the key board, while the upper segmental frames 4
are ranged one in front and one in rear of the paper carriage and serve as supports
and guides for the type carriers.
The paper carriage is arranged diametrically of the circular portion 1 of the base
frame and is mounted so as to run on a single rail. This rail 5 is made in the form
of a girder and is of considerable depth as shown in Figure IV. so as to be
sufficiently stiff. Its upper edge is expanded laterally and lengthwise in the form
of a bar or track 6 which is grooved on its upper surface as shown in Figure V. to
receive anti-friction balls 7, 7. The groove is made of such shape and dimensions
relatively to the balls 7 that the latter bear on the inclined faces of the groove
without touching the bottom thereof so that the carriage may travel on said balls
from side to side of the machine with a minimum of friction. The carriage has a
bar 8 similar to the bar 6 of the track and similarly grooved to rest upon the said
balls. This bar forms together with the two standards 9, 9 rising near its ends
substantially the entire carriage frame. The rotary platen or paper roller 10
which may be of usual construction is journaled in these standards, its trunnions 10*
projecting through the standards and bearing rigid with them the wheels 11, 12
whereby the platen is rotated. The thumb wheel 11 at the right hand end is
turned either way by the operator to feed the paper in either direction optionally.
The wheel 12 is a ratchet wheel for feeding the platen automatically from line to
line in writing. This operation is effected by the following mechanism:
13 is a lever, the shape of which can be best gained from Figures VI. and VII.
It is pivoted at 14 to the carriage bar 8 and has an inwardly projecting arm 15.
A link 16 at the end of arm 15 is joined to an U-shaped lever yoke 17 which
embraces the ratchet wheel 12 and turns loosely on the platen trunnion 10º.
18 is a pawl hinged in the U-yoke 17. 19 is a spring which bears under a lip of
the pawl 18, encircles trunnion 10* and is fixed at one end to bar 8 tending at the
same time to keep the said pawl against the ratchet wheel and to retain the
yoke 17 in a horizontal position. It is stopped at that position by pin 15* on
standard 9 which arrests arm 15. By pressing the lever 13 inward with the fingers
of the left hand, the arm 15 is depressed, drawing down the link 16 and yoke 17
and the pawl 18, engaging with ratchet-wheel 12 rotates the same the width of a
line spacing. When the lever 13 is released the spring 19 returns the parts to
normal position shown in Figures VI. and VII. It is apparent that if the pawl
be only brought into engagement with the ratchet wheel after the commencing of
the inward movement of lever 13 the lever will commence to move inward without
rotating the platen. This enables the use of the means shown for the regulation of
the width of the line spacing and consisting of a cam 20 which has finger piece 21
and is pivoted on the platen trunnion 10". By the finger piece 21 the cam can be
turned to locate at will the point at which the pawl in its downward movement will
engage with the ratchet wheel to rotate it. A locking segment 22 has perfora-
tions 23 to receive a pin 23 on the inner face of finger piece 21 so arresting it in
any desired position.
In this machine, it is the intention that the return of the carriage into position
to start a fresh line shall be performed by the left hand of the operator. I therefore

page_text: provide means whereby this operation just described of the lever 13 will disconnect
the step-by-step feed so that by continuing the inward pressure on the lever 13,
it will be shifted with the carriage which supports it into position for beginning
a new line.
24 is the long step-by-step feed rack running from side to side of the machine
and having at each end an arm 25, 26 whereby it is pivoted at 27, 27 on the
standards 9, 9. The arm 25 is, as shown in Figure VI., prolonged across
the carriage bar 8 so as to project into the path of a finger 28 of lever arm 15. The
depression of arm 15 when the lever 13 is pressed to the right brings the finger 28
into engagement with arm 25 and the rack 24 is thereby rotated around its
pivots 27, 27 and disconnected from its escapement, and the operator by then
continuing to press to the right on the lever 13 may throw the carriage to the right
side of the machine for beginning a new line. A single movement therefore by the
operator rotates the platen, disconnects the carriage from its escapement and moves
the carriage into position for beginning a line of writing.
On the lever 13 is a teat 29 which comes in contact with ratchet wheel 12 during
this operation both to arrest the movement of the lever 13 and to positively stop
the platen from further rotation while the carriage is being returned to the right
side of the machine.
When the carriage reaches a position at the right side of the machine the arm 45
of said carriage hereinafter described comes in contact with a rearward projecting
stop 45 (Fig. X.). This stop bas a sleeve 45° arranged to slide on a toothed
bar 45° hung in lugs 45ª of track 5. A spring bolt or pin 45° carried by sleeve 45b
(shown dotted in Fig. X.) engages the teeth of bar 45° to arrest the stop 45"
at any desired position. In this manner the width of line may be regulated.
When the arm 45 strikes stop 45", the operator releases lever 13 allowing the long
feed rack 24 to drop into engagement with its escapement and so hold the carriage
in readiness for writing. To lock the carriage during the moment occupied in the
dropping of the feed rack to vertical position, so that there may be no danger that
the escapement will skip one or two teeth of the feed rack before arresting the
carriage, 1 employ the mechanism shown in Figure VII. The bar 6 is toothed on
its rear upper edge as shown at 6*. On bar 8 of the carriage is mounted a pawl 8"
which has, rigid with it a long arm 8° pressed down against a stop pin 8° on arm 15
by one end of spring 8 whose other end rests against pin 15. The spring 18 must
be of such strength as to yield under the inertia of the carriage when lever 13 is
pressed inward, but to overcome the action of spring 8d when lever 13 is released.
When therefore the operator presses lever 13 inward, the pin 8 drops and as the
arm 8 follows it under the action of spring 8 the pawl 8" is brought down against
teeth 6 and will, when lever 13 is released, temporarily lock the carriage until it
is lifted by pin 8 as the feed rack 24 comes into engagement with its escapement.
At the right-hand end of the platen also I provide means for enabling the
carriage to be shifted from one side of the machine to the other. This operation
involves the disconnection of the step-by-step escapement uut not of the automatic
line feed mechanism. The device consists of a thumb piece or lever 30 pivoted on
the right hand platen trunnion and impinging when it is depressed on the rack
arm 26 which projects up into its path. This movement dislodges the rack 24
from its escapement so that the operator by using the thumb piece can move the
carriage freely from side to side of the machine. The arm 31 rigid with the
lever 30 arrests the latter at both extremities of its movement by impinging on
parts of the paper carriage frame, and the spring 32 returns the lever to its normal
position shown in Figure V. The prompt return of rack 24 to engagement with
its escapement is aided by spring 24" Figure IX.
The paper being written on is rolled by the operation of the platen 10 from the
spring wire paper cage 33 (Fig. II.) in front of the carriage into similar cage 34 in
rear of the carriage, passing over the top of the platen whereon it is pressed in
front by the bar 35, and at rear by the roller 36. The bar 35 has a scale on its
upper surface (see Figure 1) whose graduations correspond to the teeth of the

page_text: -step-by-step feed. It is pivoted by arms 36, 36 at its ends to lugs 37 fixed to the
standards 9, 9 and is held down on the platen by the spring wire cage 33, loops 38
of which engage with the bar.
Finger pieces 39 on the arms 36 enable the bar to be turned around its pivots to
a vertical position over the same in which position it is automatically held by the
downward pull of the wire cage 33. This movement enables the paper to be
slipped into the cage by the operator. The rear paper pressure roller 36 is hung
on links 40 pivoted at 41 to the standards 9, 9. The wire cage 34 is hung from
the same links and by their downward pull hold the rear pressure roller against
the platen. The pressure of the pressure bar 35, and pressure roller 36, is sufficient
to prevent accidental rotation of the platen.
The index 42 (see Figures I. and II.) indicates the central point over the platen
at which all impressions occur. It is hinged at 43 to the rear face of the front
segment frame 4 and is pressed downward to a horizontal position by the spring 44.
This construction enables the index to rise with the pressure bar 35 when the latter
is raised to allow the paper to be inserted.
It will be seen that the paper carriage embracing the bar 8, platen 10, the two
paper cages and the allied mechanism which I have just finished describing
straddles the vertical rail or girder 5 and moves integrally from end to end of the
same.
The paper carriage is held on the girder by the means shown in Figures II., V.
and X. comprising a J-shaped pendent arm 45 fixed at its upper end to the bar 8
and a two-part double beveled telescoping wheel 46 supported upon said arm and
engaging the lower edge of the rail 5. This wheel runs on a pintle 47 held in by
spring 48 and co-operating with the two-part beveled wheel 46 as will be seen in
Figure II. to securely hold the rail. This peculiar construction enables the parts
to be readily assembled and also allows the mechanism when assembled to yield
slightly so that the carriage will run with little friction. The constant automatic
pressure, acting with the beveled surfaces of wheels 46 takes up all back lash and
prevents loose motion. The carriage is supported on and guided by the grooved
bars 6, 8 and balls, the pendent arm 45 and wheel 46 serving simply as a means
for steadying this movement and prevent its dislodgement. The carriage is pulled
from right to left by a spring coiled in box 49 and connected to cord 50 which
is attached to a pin on the arm 45.
The carriage while running freely from left to right on the rail 5 will partake of
the movement of that rail from front to rear. This movement takes place when
it is desired to shift the platen to the front or rear of its normal position to
bring another set of type of the type carriers into operation.
The rail 5 by its enlarged top rests on the upper ends of rocking levers 52,
52 carried by a rock shaft 53 which is journalled in diametrically opposite sides
of the base frame 1. The teats 51 (Figure VI.) entering holes in bar 6 prevent
its dislodgement. A pin 51° entering a socket in the end of rail 5 prevents the
latter from lifting in its seat. The tops of levers 52 are curved in a circle struck
from the levers' pivots, so that the levers can rock under the bar 6, maintaining
the same in a horizontal plane. One of the levers 52 (see Figure XI.) has
integral with it an arm 54 so that the two parts form a bell-crank-lever which
projects forward toward the key board of the machine and is connected by a rod 55
with a rocking key 56 pivoted at 57 to the base frame. Depression of the rear
end of key 56 to the position shown in Figure XIV. will, by forcing down rod 55,
depress the arm 54 rocking the shaft 53 and swinging the upper end of levers 52
forward. This movement also brings forward the rail 5 and the paper carriage
so as to bring the platen to a different line of type on the type carriers from that
normally used. The depression of the front end of the rocking key 56 by lifting
the arm 54 above its normal position and throwing the lever 52 and paper
carriages back will bring still another line of type into action.
A counteracting spring 58 (see Figures XI. and XV.) wound around the rock
shaft 53 and having its free ends projecting on opposite sides of a stud 59 of

page_text: arm 54 and a stud 60 on a fixed lug 61 of the stationary frame, serves to return
said arm 54 (after depression of key 56) to its normal horizontal position and so
maintain the platen as to bring the central line of type into action-for either the
elevation or depression of the arm 54, carrying with it the stud 59, will bend one
end of spring 58 while the other end is arrested by the fixed stud 60. In its
extreme position the key 56 is arrested and prevented from falling back by a
rocking cam 62 pivoted at 63 to a downward extending projection 64 of the key 56
and engaging with one side or the other of a fixed teat 65 on the base frame.
Stops 54 54 limit the upward and downward movements of arm 54.
It is desirable that when the rocking key 56 is released and the carriage is
thrown back to its normal position by the spring it shall be positively arrested
and locked there without vibrating over its pivots but the lock must be of such
nature that it will be automatically removed by the operation of the key 56, in
other words, it is desirable to be able to shift the carriage from front to rear by
means of the key 56 and yet to have the carriage so locked that it cannot be
vibrated by its own momentum or by force directly applied to it. To accomplish
these results I extend the arm 54 forward of the connection of link 55 and provide
on its forward end a pin or stud 66. I also extend downward the arm 64 of rocking
key 56 and provide at its lower end two pins 67 which when said arm is in vertical
position are immediately above and below the pin 66 on arm 54 (see Figure XIII.).
The adjacent faces of the pins 66, 67 are flattened as shown in Figure XI. in dotted
lines. The connection of fink 55 to the arm 54 is by pin 68 and slot 69 (see
Figure XII.). The result is that when either end of the rocking key 56 is
depressed the loose motion at 68, 69 will allow the pins 67 to clear the pin 66
before the arm 54 is moved and yet when the arm 54 returns to its normal
horizontal position it is immediately locked by the engagement of the said pins and
prevented from being operated by the momentum of the paper carriage or by force
applied thereto.. A returning spring 70 similar in construction and arrangement
to the spring 58 is wound on the stud 59 and its ends engage on opposite sides of
the pin 68 and a stud 71 on arm 54 so as to keep the pin 68 normally in the middle
of slot 69.
It is desirable that the point of impression of the type on the surface of the
platen be at all times in the same vertical plane as the trunnions of the platen so
that the whole face of the type may print evenly and the blow shall not tend to
revolve the platen. I therefore maintain the paper carriage perfectly level not-
withstanding the swinging action of its supporting levers 52, 52. It is for this
purpose that the rail 5 is, as already explained, pivoted on the levers 52 at their
upper ends.
Referring now to Figures IV. and XI., it will be seen that one of the levers 52 is
slotted at 72 and that the lower edge of rail 5 has a pin 73 projecting through the
slot.
74 is a lever, pivoted at 75 on the lever 52, and having open ended slots engaging
with the pin 73 on rail 5 and with a pin 76 on the stationary post 3. A spring 77
fulcrumed on the pin 76 and bearing against pivot 75 and pin 73 takes up all
back lash on the pivots, whether arising from wear, looseness of joints or other
cause.
Supposing the lever 72 to be swung forward on the depression of key 56, it will
bring with it the rail 5 and the paper carriage supported thereon but the upper
end of the lever 74 being arrested by pin 76, the lower end of said lever, acting
on pin 73, will slightly turn the rail on its bearings on the levers 52 keeping the
carriage in horizontal position. The escapement mechanism for allowing the
carriage to be fed from right to left step-by-step under the influence of the coiled
spring in box 49 will next be described.
78 is a short rack carried by a curved arm 79 pivoted at 80, 80 to the rail 5.
81 is another short rack having pin and slot connection 82, 82 with the short
rack 78 and having a spring 83 which tends constantly to force the rack 81 to
the right. As the arm 79 is vibrated over its pivots, the racks 78 and 81 are

page_text: brought alternately in connection with the long rack 24 allowing the saine
together with the paper carriage to be fed forward step-by-step in a well-known
manner. It is important that the connection of the arm 79 to the feed bar be
such as to remain unaltered when the carriage is shifted from front to rear in
changing the line of type brought into operation. To this end I employ the
following mechanism :
8+ (see Figures II., XIX. and XX.) is the feed or spacer bar of flattened U shape
having its arms pivoted to the stationary parts of the machine for instance, on one
side to the base frame and on the other side to the pendent lug 61 already referred
to. A stop 85 (Figure XV.) on this lug may arrest the upward movement of the
spacer bar. The spacer bar is hung from the arm 79 of the short vibrating feed
rack by pin 86 and spiral spring 87 while between the two members is placed as a
spreader or push rod a short bar 88. This bar has a flaring slot at its lower end
whereby it may seat on and oscillate over the spacer bar and its upper end is
connected to the arm 79 by a teat 89 which projects loosely through a hole in
said arm.
The upper end of bar 88 is made segmental, with a radius struck from its point
of contact with spacer bar 84, so that as the bar 88 oscillates on bar 84 the distance
between the bar 84 and the arm 79 will remain constant. The several key levers 90
with spacer key levers 91 are ranged in a bank pivoted on a transverse bar 92 and
arranged over the spacer bar 84. A depression of any one of these keys will cause
the depression of the spacer bar 84 and as the bar 88 falls with it, the spring 87
can draw down the arm 79 keeping it in contact with the top of bar 88 until the
rack 81 is dislodged from the long feed rack and the rack 78 engaged therewith.
By an inspection of Figure II., it will be seen that this action has expanded the
spring 87 inasmuch as the part of the arm 79 to which it is attached does not fall as
rapidly as the end of the arm 86. When therefore the key which has been
depressed is released, the contraction of the spring 87 will raise the arm 86 and
with it the spacer bar 84 and the arm 79, fulcruming them about the bar 88. The
two pivoted members or levers 79 and 84, 86, with the link or bar 88 and the
spring 87 all move up together as said levers turn on their pivots and in this way
the return movement of the short feed racks is effected, bringing the sliding rack 81
again into engagement with the long rack so as to allow the carriage to feed forward
the width of one letter or space.
The key levers are flat bars whose front ends are guided through a face plate 93
forming the key board. The face plate has slots 94 but slightly wider than the
keys, to receive and guide them. Friction is lessened at those points by making
the ends of the slots slightly wider than their center so that the keys can twist
slightly without binding. Another guide consisting of a vertically slotted
transverse bar is provided at 95 (see Figures II. and IV.). The guide 95 serves
to hold the levers vertical and keep them properly spaced on the pivot rod 92
on which they are slipped loosely. Those key levers which operate the front bank
of type carriers terminate at the guide 95 while those which operate the rear bank
run through to the rear end of the machine as shown in Figure II. The type
carrier is shown in perspective in Figure XVII. It consists in a rod 96 (which
carries a type block 97) and an U-shaped bar 98. This bar 98 is formed of a flat
piece bent up into U-shape as shown and having one end bent around the rod 96 so
as to hold it firmly. Upon the bar are lugs 99 to which are hinged the upper end
of links 100 and levers 101.
These links and levers are hinged respectively to the upper segmental frames 4
and the base frame 1 by means shown in Figures II. and XVI.
The circular parts of the said frames have radiating grooves 102 and a curved
groove 103 cutting through the first named grooves. The links and levers being
dropped into the said grooves 102 a wire or rod 104 bent to the proper shape is run
through them all and is then locked in position in the groove 103 by keys 105.
The levers 101 are of considerably greater length than the links 100 as shown so
that when the lever is thrown forward to the projected position shown in Figure II.

page_text: the type block 97 will describe a sharp curve and come down on the platen almost
vertically the rear end of the type carrier travelling meanwhile in a nearly straight
line.
The method of forming the type bar of a piece of flat metal bent up in U-shape
is advantageous not only on account of its lightness, convenience and cheapness but
because it allows the link 100 to enter the U bar slightly when the type carrier is
projected as shown in Figure II. thus enabling the link to be crooked as shown to
clear the type blocks of adjoining bars.
The long key levers 90 have near their rear ends push rods 106 and beyond them
spiral springs 107 both united to the arms 108 of levers 101. When therefore the
rear end of said key levers is raised by the depression of a key and the arms 108 is
lifted by rod 106 to project the type into operating position, the spring 107 is
expanded because the arm 108 will move through a greater arc than the rear end
of the key lever and will restore the parts to normal position by contraction on the
release of the key.
The short key levers are connected with the arms 108 of the forward bank of
levers 101 by rods or spreaders 109 and, in front of the latter, spiral springs 110.
The relative distances of the connections from the fulcra 92 and 104 are so
proportioned that on the depression of a short key lever the spring 110 is expanded
and on release of the key lever it will restore the parts to normal position. The
spacer key lever is raised by a separate and independent spring 111.
Each type block 97 has three characters, the faces of which rest in the normal
position on an ink pad 112 supported in a curved pan 113 which is pivoted at each
end, at 114, 114, to the segments 4. The blocks rest in parallel series on the pad
and the type carriers radiate therefrom, as shown in Figure I., and are so hung on
their supporting links and levers that when projected as shown, they will all strike
a common point over the platen.
Guides 115 and 116 are provided for the type carriers. The main body 112 of
the ink pad is made of felt or similar porous material capable of taking up the
great quantity of ink preferably divided into a number of sections as shown in
Figure XVIII., each section braced or strengthened by a curved metal bracking 112ª,
and the top of the pad is faced with a thin layer of skin or leather 112b. I find this
combination exceedingly efficacious, the leather being just sufficiently porous to
allow the right quantity of ink to pass through for inking the faces of the type.
In most of the machines on the market at the present day there is nothing to
arrest the action of the keys when the end of a line is reached and the operator
may. if not careful, strike one character over another on the same spot, causing a
mark which is difficult of erasure. To avoid this I employ a lock which will
positively arrest the movement of the keys when the carriage is at or near the end
of its movement. Figures X. and XX., show one form of the lock. As here
shown, the universal space bar 84 has a finger 118. 119 is a sleeve or rotary
member supported on a fixed pin or projection 120 from the main frame. This
member has a hook 121 which is normally turned up by a spring 122 out of the
path which the pin 118 will take on the descent of the space bar 84. The said
member also has an arm 123 which is adapted to be struck by a projection 124
from the paper carriage. This projection is so located as to come in contact with
the arm 123 when the carriage has reached the end or nearly the end of its move-
ment, and when the impact takes place the hook 121 is thrown down into the
position shown in Figure XIX., where it will arrest the pin 118 and space bar 84
and so prevent the depression of the key. Preferably this action takes place at
one step before the end of the carriage movement so that by touching the rocking
key 56 and thereby oscillating the paper carriage, the parts 123 and 124 will be
disconnected and then the spring 122 will force the hook 121 from engagement with
pin 118 and allow the depression of a key to make one additional letter on the line.
This is especially desirable where the addition of a single character such as for
instance a period or a hyphen will complete a word or a syllable.
The preferred form of this locking mechanism is however shown in Figures XXI.,

page_text: XXII. and XXIII. Here instead of locking the universal space bar 84 I employ
an additional bar 125 which is pivoted at 126, 126, in stationary parts of the
frame and connected by a link 127 with a bell crank lever 128 adapted to be
struck by a projection 129 from the pendent arm 45 or other rigid part of the
carriage frame. A spring 130 is arranged to press on the bell crank lever 128
so, as to maintain the bar 125 normally in the position shown in dotted lines in
Figure XXIII., but when the bell crank lever is struck by the projection 129 of
the paper carriage it is vibrated to the position shown in Figure XXI. raising the
bar 125 to the position shown in full lines in Figures XXII. and XXIII. where it
will arrest the depression of the key levers.
It is convenient to slot the bar 125 at the parts 131 immediately under the
period, comma and hyphen levers so that the said levers may be depressed freely
to properly end a line.
Still another form of the lock is illustrated in Figures XXIV. and XXV..
Here also an additional bar 125 is used but the same instead of being pivoted to
fixed portions of the main frame is arranged to slide thereon or is mounted on
swinging links 132 which are swung from the main frame. One of said links
has a stud 133 which is engaged by an open slot in the end of a lever 134 adapted
to be struck by a projection 129 on the carriage frame. The bar 125 of this form
has a number of slots 135 corresponding to all the key levers and in the normal
operation of the machine these slots are arranged under the key levers so that the
latter may be freely depressed but when the carriage reaches the end of a line the
bar 125 is thrown to the position indicated in Figure XXV. shifting the slots 135 so
that the key levers cannot be depressed. An exception is made however as to
the two levers containing the period, comma and hyphen the slots of which, as
shown at 136, 136 are of double width so that when the bar 125 is shifted as shown.
in Figure; XXV., the said key levers can still be depressed.
A desirable modification of my invention illustrated in Figures XXVI.,
XXVII. and XXXI. contemplates the simplifying of the mechanism for shifting
the platen from front to rear while maintaining its horizontality. Instead of the
parts hereinbefore described for effecting this purpose I may fix to the girder 5
which supports the paper carriage a forward extending arm 137 with a vertical
slot 138, in its forward end in which slot engages a pin or stud 139 in a downward
projecting arm 55 of the tilting or rocking key 56. The slot 138 is made wider at
the center than at each end so as to allow a slight play of the rocking key without
imparting movement to the paper carriage. The key has upon it a stud 140 which,
in the normal central position of the parts is engaged between two pins 141 on
the forward projecting arm 137 of the girder or carriage supporting rail. This
effectually prevents the shifting of the platen to front or rear except by the action
of the rocking key, while the slight play allowed the key stud in its slot permits
the dislodgement of the lock 140, 141 when the carriage is to be shifted by the
key 56. A central spring 142 bent around the hub 143 of one of the carriage
supporting standards 52 and having its edges engaging on both sides of pins 144
fixed to said standards and to the stationary frame of the machine respectively
insures the return of the carriage to the central position automatically on releasing
the shifting key 56. The projecting ends or other parts of the carriage rail 6 have
pendent ears or lugs 145 at each side which, when the carriage is shifted, impinge
on a projection 146 of the stationary frame and limit the forward and rearward
movement of the carriage. The centralling spring 147 (see Figure XXXI.)
surrounding the pivot of the locking cam 63 of the shifting key 56 is also ample for
returning said cam to central position. The ends of the spring pass to opposite
sides of pins 148 on the arm of the rocking cam and rocking key respectively.
I find it convenient to substitute for the pointer or indicator heretofore described
fixed to the rear of the front upper segment of the machine frame a combined
pointer and type guide such as shown in Figures XXIX. and XXX. This consists
of a yoke 149 having two fingers 150 which project from the frame over the platen

page_text: in position to receive between their ends a projected type just as the latter is about
to strike. the platen. The faces 151 of the fingers 150 are rounded so as to offer
as narrow a line of contact as possible to a descending type or type block. The
yoke is pivoted preferably to the rear side of the front upper segment 115 of the
fixed frame and has a spiral or other spring 152 for holding it normally to
horizontal position upon allowing it to yield upward on resting the front pressure
bar on the paper carriage. Forward projecting lugs 153 on the yoke seat under
the frame when the guide has reached its horizontal position and so limit and fix
its movement.
A convenient method shown in Figures XXXII. and XXXIII. of mounting
the long feed rack 24 which I may employ instead of that herein before described,
has the ends of the rack on the extremities of pendent links 154 or guided from
the carriage rail by pins 155 and inclined slots 156 so that on merely pressing the
carriage to the right, the rack will ride easily over its stop mechanism. Suitable
stops 157 are employed to prevent too free movement of the rack 24 in a contrary
direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1: The stationary base frame of a typewriting machine having the circular
portion 1 for receiving the bearings of the type carrier operating mechanism and
the portion 1 projecting therefrom and encircling the key board, substantially as
set forth.
2: In a typewriting machine, the combination of a base frame, the upper
segmental frame supported therefrom, the series of type carriers supported on said
upper segmental frames and the links and levers carrying and operating said type
carriers, the former pivoted on the upper segmental frames and the latter on the
base frame, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3: The combination of a typewriter frame having radiating slots 102 and arcuate
groove 103 transversing the slots 102, the type carrier operating levers or links
arranged in said slots 102 and the pivot rods 104 common to said levers and retained
within the said groove 103.
4: In combination with the paper carriage of a typewriting machine, and its
step-by-step feed mechanism, and a vertical lever hinged to the left end of the said
carriage and connected to the step-by-step feed mechanism and arranged to oscillate
to and from the end of the platen whereby, on pressing said lever to the right with
the single movement the feed mechanism is disconnected and the carriage is thrown
to the right substantially as set forth.
5: In combination with the paper carriage of a typewriting machine, and its
step-by-step feed mechanism, a rotary platen, ratchet wheel and pawl for operating
the same, and a vertical lever hinged to the left end of the said carriage and
connected to the said platen operating mechanism and arranged to oscillate to and
from the end of the platen whereby on pressing the said lever to the right with the
single movement, the platen is rotated and the carriage is thrown to the right
substantially as set forth.
6: In a typewriting machine, the combination of a rotating platen, its carriage,
the lever 13 pivoted at the left hand end of said carriage and having arm 15, the
rod or link 16, the yoke 17, the ratchet wheel 12 and spring pressed pawl 18.
.7: The combination of the rotating platen 10, its carriage, the lever 13 pivoted
on said carriage and moving in a plane parallel therewith, the arm 15 on said lever
having finger 28, the step-by-step feed rack 24 pivoted on said carriage and the
arm 25 on said rack projecting in the path of the finger 28 substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
8: The combination with a paper carriage having rotary platen 10, of lever 13,
pivoted to said carriage and arranged to oscillate towards and bear against a

page_text: part rigid with said platen, whereby when the lever is pressed toward the platen
it holds and promotes the rotation of the platen while the carriage is being thrown
to the right.
9: The combination of the paper carriage having a rotary platen, ratchet wheel
and pawl for operating the same and an Llever hinged to said carriage having a
vertical arm 13 adapted to oscillate to and from the platen and a horizontal arm 15,
connected to said pawl substantially as set forth.
10: The combination of the paper carriage, the rotary platen mounted thereon,
thumb piece 30 pivoted on the right hand trunnion of said platen and having stop 31
and long feed rack 24 swiveled on said carriage and having arm 26 projecting in
the path of said thumb piece whereby the step-by-step feed may be detached
without rotating the platen; substantially as set forth.
11: The combination of the single rail or track, paper carriage mounted thereon,
the pendent arm from said carriage and two part telescopic spring pressed wheel
carried by the lower end of said arm and running on the under edge of said girder
or track; substantially as set forth.
12: The combination of the single rail or girder, the paper carriage thereon, the
steadying arm and the two part, beveled, spring pressed wheels on said arm bearing
under said rail; substantially as set forth.
13: The combination of the paper carriage, oscillating levers whereon the same
is mounted and sustained and means for maintaining the said carriage horizontal
whatever the position of said oscillating levers.
14: The combination of oscillating levers and a paper carriage supported thereon
and arranged to oscillate therewith and relatively thereto.
15: The combination of a paper carriage and oscillating levers having round or
segmental upper ends whereon the carriage is mounted and whereby it is maintained
in a horizontal plane.
16: The combination of a paper carriage, oscillating standards or levers whereon
said carriage is mounted, sustained and pivoted, means for oscillating said levers and
a second lever fulcrumed on one of said standards and on the stationary frame and
connected to the paper carriage so as to oscillate the same relatively to the said
standards substantially as set forth.
17: The combination of a single track or girder, a paper carriage adapted to run
thereon, transverse of a typewriting machine, oscillating standards whereon said
girder or track is pivoted and means for oscillating said standards, substantially as
set forth.
18: The combination of the track or girder 5, paper carriage mounted thereon,
the standards 52 whereon said track or girder is mounted, means for oscillating
said standards, parallelizing lever 74 pivoted on the stationary frame on one
of said standards and on the girder 5, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
19: The combination of paper carriage carrying a track or girder 5, standards 52
whereon the same in pivoted, lever 74 fulcrumed as described and spring 77
arranged and adapted to operate, substantially as set forth.
20: The combination of an oscillating paper carriage, vertical arms or standards
supporting said carriage, an arm 54 connected to said vertical arms or standards,
a link or connecting rod 55 between said arm 54 and key, substantially as set
forth.
21: The combination of an oscillating paper carriage, a rocking key for operating
the same, the stationary frame having stop 65 and the stop cam 62 carried by the
said rocking key substantially as set forth.
22: The combination of a paper carriage, a lever for oscillating the same, a lock
which automatically engages said lever in its normal position and locks it and the
carriage from movement in both directions, and a key connected to said lever and
to said lock and automatically unlocking said lever when moved to shift the carriage,'
substantially as set forth.
23: The combination of an oscillating paper carriage, its operating arm 54
•

page_text: having arm 64 provided with pins 67 and means for operating said arm 54 from said
rocking key.
24: The combination of the paper carriage, oscillating arm 54, rocking key 56,
connecting rod 55 having loose connection with said arm 54 and a lock for said arm
which is detached by the key 56 during the take up of loose motion of the connecting
rod 55, substantially as set forth.
25: The combination of the paper carriage, oscillating arm 54, the rocking
key 56 having means for locking and unlocking said arm 54, the connecting
rod 55 having loose connection with said arm 54 and returning spring 70 adapted
to keep the said connecting rod midway of its loose motion, substantially as set
forth.
26: The combination of the step-by-step escapement operating arm, the universal
spacer bar, a spreader or bar arranged between said arm and spacer bar and a
spring also arranged between the said two members, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
27: The combination of two pivoted levers projecting from their fulcra toward
and past each other connected by a link or bar and a spring which acts to convert
the link pivots into floating fulcra and tends to move the levers and link or bar
together in one direction.
28: The combination of the two pivoted or fulcrumed bars, arms or members
projecting toward each other from their fulcra and connected by a tensile spring
and a thrust bar or spreader so as to operate, substantially as described.
29: The combination of the escapement operating arm 79, spring 87 hung
therefrom, the universal spacer bar hung from said spring and the thrust bar or
spreader arranged to oscillate on said universal spacer bar and having a segmental
upper end whereon said arm 79 rotates, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
30: The combination of the paper carriage, the long feed rack thereon, two
short feed racks, one sliding on the other arranged to co-act with said long feed
rack, the bent arm 79 carrying said short feed racks bent forward in direction across
the plane of said racks and pivoted to the paper carriage support and means for
operating the said bent arm, substantially as set forth.
31: The combination of the type carrier operating levers 101 having arms 108,
the long key levers 90, the tensile springs 110 whereby said key levers are hung
from said arms and thrust rods or spreaders 109 between said arms 108 and key
levers 90, all arranged and adapted to operate, substantially as set forth.
32: The combination of the series of key levers 90, 91, the round pivot bar 92,
the slotted guide plate 95 for spacing said key levers and the stationary frame
whereon the same are mounted.
33: The combination of the pivoted flat key levers and a slotted face plate or
key board providing front guides for the said key levers, substantially as set forth.
34: The face plate or key board having key-lever-guide-slots larger at their ends
than at their midway, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
35: The combination of U-shaped type carriers 98 and the bent carrying links 100
therefor.
36: An inking pad having a main body of felt or equivalent absorbent material
and a facing of skin or leather placed directly on the absorbent material, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes set forth.
37: The combination of a series of parallel type blocks, and an ink pad therefor
made up of a number of parallel sections.
38: The ink pad made up of a series of parallel sections rounded on their under
surface in combination with a flat bottomed pan adapted to contain said sections,
substantially as set forth.
39: The combination of the ink pad made up of a series of parallel sections
supported on metal seats or springs.
40: The combination of a series of key levers, a paper carriage. step-by-step
mechanism operated by said key levers for feeding said carriage from one side to

page_text: the other of the machine, a flat bar arranged under said key levers transverse to
the machine and normally lying in position to permit the depression of said key
levers but having means actuated by said carriage when at or about at the end of
its movement, for turning or holding its edge rigidly under said levers to prevent
their depression substantially as set forth.
41 The combination of a series of key levers 90, 91 the pivoted bar 125, the
connected rod 127, the bell crank lever 128 and a paper carriage adapted to strike
said bell crank lever at the end or nearly the end of its movement, substantially as
set forth.
42 In combination with a bank of keys, a key lever locking bar having slots
for permitting the depression of certain keys while locking the rest.
43: The combination of a pivoted paper pressure bar and a pivoted index adapted
to be thrown out of position by said paper pressure bar.
44: The combination of the paper carriage, its support the rack-bar 45 and the
stop 45 having a spring pawl for locking it in desired position on said bar for
arresting the paper carriage substantially as set forth.
45: The combination of a paper carriage, a long pivoted step-by-step feed-rack
and escapement therefor, and a separately pivoted lever at each end of the carriage
the operation of which turns said feed-rack and disconnects it from its escapement
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
46: The combination of the paper carriage, the lever 13 pivoted at the left hand
end of said carriage and moving in a plane transverse of the machine, the arm 15
in said lever, the step-by-step feed rack pivoted on said carriage and having the
arm 25 projecting in position to be operated on the movement of said lever
substantially as set forth.
47: The combination of a paper carriage, step-by-step feed mechanism therefor,
means for releasing the action of said step-by-step feed mechanism while the
carriage is being thrown to the right, and a lock or catch thrown into engagement
automatically when the carriage is thrown to the right and holding said carriage
from reverse movement for the instant after the release of the carriage by the
operator before the engagement of the feed mechanism, substantially as set forth.
48: The combination of a paper carriage, a step-by-step escapement, a fixed
toothed bar 6, 6, locking pawl 8 carried by said carriage and having arm 8' and
spring 8d and lever 13 having arm 15 and stop 8° arranged and adapted to operate,
substantially as set forth.
49: The combination of paper carriage and platen, line feed ratchet wheel 12
and lever 13 having stop teat or pin 29 adapted to engage said ratchet-wheel and
lock the platen, substantially as set forth.
50: The carriage girder or supporting rail 5 having the rigid forward arm 137
and the shifting key and return springs as shown in Figures XXVI., XXVII.
and XXXI.
51: The means of limiting the shifting of the platen consisting of lugs or
flanges 145 adapted to impinge on a projection of the machine frame, substantially
as shown in Figure XXVIII.
52: The combined type-guide and index hinged to the machine frame and having
fingers 150 and spring 152 as shown in Figures XXIX. and XXX.
53: The linked or pin and slot support for the long feed rack as shown in
Figures XXXII. and XXXIII. whereby the rack is allowed to move away from
engagement with its detent but in position to automatically re-engage therewith.
Dated this 27th day of June 1892.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.