IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING STONES FOR USE IN MACADAMIZING ROADS, FOR RAILWAY BALLAST, FOR EMPLOYMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'BETON,' OR FRENCH CONCRETION OR MORTAR, AND FOR PRODUCING SAND OR GRAVEL OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF COARSENESS
Year: 1870

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Arthur Charles Henderson, of No. 31, Charing
Cross, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING STONES FOR
USE IN MACADAMIZING ROADS, FOR RAILWAY BALLAST, FOR EMPLOYMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF 'BETON,' OR FRENCH CONCRETION OR MORTAR, AND FOR
PRODUCING SAND OR GRAVEL OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF COARSENESS."―A
communication from abroad by Claude Leon Desmolins, of Avallon,
in the French Empire. Notary.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Charles
Henderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th April 1870.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND
CRUSHING STONES FOR USE IN MACADAMIZING ROADS, FOR RAILWAY BALLAST, FOR
EMPLOYMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BETON,' OB FRENCH CONCRETION OR
MORTAR, AND FOR PRODUCING SAND OR GRAVEL OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF COARSENESS,"
L

page_text: a communication to me from abroad by Claude Leon Desmolins, of
Avallon, in the French Empire, Notary, to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to barrow and tumbrel crushing machines,
destined by aid of a pestle and mortar, worked by hand or mechanically,
to break up or pulverize calcarious stones and. granite, or other hard
substance to be employed in macadamizing roads, for use as railway
ballast, and for producing sands and gravels of various degrees of
coarseness. The principal features of novelty in the Invention, and for
which I claim the exclusive privilege, are the following:-
1. The stone to be operated upon is placed in a cast iron, steel, or other
metal mortar furnished at the base with openings or apertures, which
may be either conical, square, or any other desired form, the surface of
the mortar being provided with strice or denticulations.
2. The pestle I make use of has deflected or arched branches supplied
with teeth which engage in the spaces between the teeth of the mortar,
and effect the crushing or breaking up of the stone.
3. The adaptation of my principle to barrow or tumbrel crushing
machines, the bottom of the barrow being open where the crushing takes
place by means of the pestle and mortar, and the stones to be operated
on are placed in two compartments above, and the pestle may be raised
by means of gear wheels in communication with the naves of the wheels
of the barrow.
4. The employment of two crushing mortars if desired, the first for
the primary crushing, and the second for the final breaking, both
combined in one apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Charles Henderson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
CHARLES HENDERSON, of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, Her special licence
that I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND CRUSHING STONES FOR USE IN MAC-
ADAMIZING ROADS, FOR RAILWAY BALLAST, FOR EMPLOYMENT IN THE, MANUFACTURE
OF BETON, OR FRENCH CONCRETION OR MORTAR, AND FOR PRODUCING SAND OR
GRAVEL OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF COARSENESS," a communication to me from
abroad by Claude Leon Desmolins, of Avallon, in the French Empire,
Notary, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur
Charles Henderson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to barrow and tumbrel crushing machines
destined by aid of a pestle and mortar, worked by hand or mechanically,
to break up or pulverize calcarious stones and granite, or other hard
substances to be employed in macadamizing roads, for use as railway
ballast, and for producing sands and gravels of various degrees of
coarseness.
The principal features of novelty in the Invention and for which I
claim the exclusive privilege, are the following:-
1. The stone to be operated on is placed in a cast-iron, steel, or other
metal mortar furnished at the base with openings or apertures which

page_text: may be either conical, square, or any other desired form, the surface'
of the mortar being provided with striæ or denticulations.
2. The pestle I make use of has deflected or arched branches supplied
with teeth which engage in the spaces between the teeth of the mortar,
and effect the crushing or breaking up of the stone.
3. The adaptation of my principle to barrow or tumbrel crushing
machines, the bottom of the barrow being open where the crushing takes
place by means of the pestle and mortar, and the stones to be operated on
are placed in two compartments above, and the pestle may be raised by
means of gear wheels in communication with the naves of the wheels
of the barrow.
4. The employment of two crushing mortars if desired, the first
for the primary crushing, and the second for the final breaking, both
combined in one apparatus.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, represent a mortar a of cast-iron, steel, or other
substance having a flat bottom and pierced with a number of conical
holes ; this mortar is arranged in a matrice c, which may be fixed to
the ground.
The pestle d, Figs. 4 and 5, destined to crush the stone, is provided
at its base with semi-spherical projections corresponding with the holes a
of the mortar a.
The mortar shown in Figs. 6 and 7, has six apertures of a different
form to those previously mentioned, and between the plain surfaces.
two nails e, e, are placed, which are shown in detail by Figs. 8 and 9,1
for preventing wear and facilitating work; this kind of mortar is more a
especially intended for the manufacture of macadamite and ballast.
The pestle d for use with this mortar is shown by Figs. 10 and 11; it
is provided with six branches with a central rounded projection.
The mortar shown in Fig. 12 is pierced with a number of holes of
variable diameter, and is intended for coarse, ordinary, and fine sands,
the pestle d accompanying this mortar is shown in two views, Figs. 13
and 14.
Below the mortars sieves may be placed (for sifting the matter) and
actuated by any mechanical means.
Fig. 15 represents a tumbrel or cart crushing machine; on the nave ;
f of the left wheel g is fixed the toothed wheel h, gearing with the pinion

page_text: i, on the axis of this pinion is keyed the toothed wheel j, which by aid
of the endless chain k transmits motion to the smaller wheel 7, on whose
axis is a cam m which alternately lifts and drops the shaft d', of the
pestle d, causing the crushing in one of the mortars already described
placed in the middle of the cart. The stone to be crushed is placed in
two compartments formed in the cart by means of partitions.
Figs. 16 and 17 represent a front and end view of a portable crusher
worked by hand, the frame n mounted on wheels o, o, supports the
mortar a, and the pestle d, furnished with its shaft d¹; this shaft rises
and descends by aid of the cam m fixed on the axis P of the hand wheel
q; the workman is mounted on the platform v.
The crushing machine represented by Figs. 18 and 19 is fixed and is
driven by steam or other mechanical means, it consists of a frame r
supporting two pestles d, d¹, d, d', and the double mortar a, a', each
pestle is actuated by a cam m mounted on the transverse shaft s, which
receives at one of its ends one or more pullies communicating with the
motor by aid of an endless band.
Fig. 20 is a plan of a wheel barrow in the bottom of which two
mortars a, a, are placed to admit of the crushing of two degrees of
coarseness; this is affected by an ordinary hammer, Fig. 21, furnished
with a central projection.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is the species of crushing machines herein
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.