matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Yates Duxbury at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1878.
YATES DUXBURY, the younger, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improvements in the pattern mechanism or lattices
employed in weaving fancy figured cloths, and for weaving the fancy bordered
Dhootic cloths.
According to this my Invention I employ oscillating carriages oscillating on two
joints or centres, and coupled by a rod or connecting link, so forming one carriage,
the latter being operated by levers from the loom shaft or shafts.. On each side of
the framework of the carriage are placed cylinders or carriers, which carry the
lattices, having projecting pins. The latter, as the lattices are worked, act upon a
projection of a hammer or lever, operating the lever as required.
The lattice, in which the peg (or pegs) is placed, has a groove, and the peg a
square shoulder to fit into the groove, so as to prevent the peg turning round when
being worked. The lattice is further furnished with a groove on its other side,
and a hole in the peg, through which a wire is passed, prevents the peg falling
out.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING SAND FROM CHINA CLAY WORKS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fletcher Pagen, of St. Austell, Cornwall, Engineer,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAISING SAND FROM CHINA
CLAY WORKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fletcher Pagen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1878.
JOHN FLETCHER PAGEN, of St. Austell, Cornwall, Engineer.
METHOD OF RAISING SAND FROM CHINA CLAY WORKS."
"AN IMPROVED
This apparatus consists of a number of cups or buckets of iron, steel, or other
suitable material attached to endless chains or bands working over two drums, one
placed at the bottom, and the other at the top of the clay pit.
The sand is carried under the bottom drum by a stream of water (containing the
clay in solution), and the buckets meeting it carry it up to the surface and discharge
it over the top drum into a wagon or any suitable receptacle that may be provided
for it.
The water, with the clay in solution, passes in, and is pumped from the bottom of
the pit in the usual way.
When required suitable rollers are fixed between the top and bottom drums to
carry the chains, to keep them from "bagging" too much.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Fletcher Pagen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th February. 1879.
JOHN FLETCHER PAGEN, of St. Austell, Cornwall, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF RAISING SAND FROM CHINA CLAY WORKS.'
This Invention relates to an improved method of raising sand from china clay
works.
In carrying my Invention into effect I employ an apparatus consisting of a
number of cups or buckets of iron, steel, or other suitable material attached to
endless chains or bands working over two drums, one placed at the bottom and the
other at the top of the clay pit.
On the shaft of the top drum a driving pulley may be fixed, receiving its motion
through a strap from a prime mover, say, a steam engine, by which the endless
chain is put in motion.
The sand is carried under the bottom drum by a stream of water (containing the
clay in solution), and the buckets meeting it carry it up to the surface and discharge
it over the top drum into a wagon or any suitable receptacle that may be provided
for it.
The water, with the clay in solution, passes in, and is pumped from the bottom
of the pit in the usual way.
When required suitable rollers are fixed between the top and bottom drums, as
shown in the annexed Drawing, to carry the chains to keep them from "bagging"
too much.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fletcher Pagen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-nine.
J FLETCHER PAGEN. (L.S.)
IN SEWING MACHINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1878.
HENRY BLAND, of Luton, in the County of Bedford, Engineer.
IN SEWING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates chiefly to those descriptions of machines in respect of
which I obtained Letters Patent, dated the 9th December 1874, No. 4241, and the
29th June 1875, No. 2368, but it is partly applicable to other machines in which
there is a liability to an undue wear of the feed surfaces, as for exemple, to what
are known as the Willcox and Gibbs Single Feed Machines.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to machines in which two feed surfaces
are employed I form one of the feed surfaces upon a tongue mounted upon the pin
carrying the feed block, and the other upon another tongue fitted and secured in or
on a segmental groove or guideway with which the said feed block is provided, or
the tongue may be provided with segmental slots fitted to pins on the block, or
in lieu of attaching the segmental tongue to the block itself I may attach it to the
hinged tongue.
The segmental tongue in either case is capable of adjustment in the arc of a circle
as the feed surface wears so as to admit of the extent of the feed being maintained
constant in its position with regard to the needle as the tongue may be re-adjusted
and the feed surface reset as often as the amount of wear renders necessary. When
more than two feed surfaces are employed I use either an additional segmental
tongue or tongues, or an additional hinged tongue or tongues, or both as required.
In the case of single feed machines I fit the tongue carrying the feed surface to
the block in a similiar manner to that of the segmental tongue herein-before
described, so as to admit of the required adjustment to compensate for wear,

page_text: I also propose when two or more feed tongues are employed as first herein-before
described to mount the outer hinged tongue or tongues at the exterior of the block,
and to employ an elongated sleeve to each tongue fitted around the pin of the block
and extending the whole length thereof, the boss of the feed block fitting around
the sleeve of the tongue or around the outer sleeve where two or more hinged
tongues are employed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1878. A communication
from abroad by Louis Bouvret, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE
FEED WATER OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES." [A communication from abroad by Louis
Bouvret, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
The object of this Invention is to heat the feed water of locomotives by means
of the exhaust steam from the engine.
The apparatus whereby this object is effected consists of a horizontal cylinder or
tube (of any convenient length), which encloses a number of small bars or copper
tubes arranged longitudinally in the large tube or cylindrical casing.
In practice from 34 to 40 of these small tubes (giving a heating surface of from
6 to 8 square yards) will answer the purpose; these small tubes are firmly secured
by their ends in two metal plates, which (to give increased strength and rigidity)
are connected together by tie rods. One of these plates is securely attached to the
cylindrical casing, while the other is left free to move when the tubes are expanded
or contracted by variations of temperature. This arrangement of parts admits of
the whole bundle of small tubes being bodily removed from the apparatus without
much trouble in order to clean or repair the same. The exhaust steam from the
two cylinders of the engine is conducted by separate pipes to one end of the apparatus,
and is allowed to pass along the small tubes, to which it imparts its heat. The
passage of this steam may be regulated by an adjustable register, and when it has
passed along the small tubes it escapes at their ends into a space at the opposite
end of the apparatus.
The feed water is conducted by a suitable tube to one end of the space surrounding
the small tubes, and escapes by another tube connected with the other end of this
space.

page_text: It should be remarked that the feed water passes through the apparatus in the
opposite direction to the flow of steam, and therefore the cold water will partially
condense the steam as it passes through.
The condensed steam may be drawn off through a small pipe, which will also
carry away any grease that may pass over with the steam. The uncondensed
steam will pass off through a vertical pipe, which will conduct it into the chimney.
The feed water, after leaving the heating apparatus, is passed into the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FORMATION OF GLASS TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLINICAL AND OTHER THERMOMETERS, WITH THE VIEW OF INCREASING THE FACILITY OF READING THE INDICATIOns of MERCURY EMPLOYED THEREIN, AS WELL AS FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luigi Peroni at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878.
LUIGI PERONI, of 45, Hatton Garden, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Glass
Blower. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FORMATION OF GLASS
TUBES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLINICAL AND OTHER THERMOMETERS,
WITH THE VIEW OF INCREASING THE FACILITY OF READING THE INDICATIOns of
MERCURY EMPLOYED THEREIN, AS WELL AS FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH."
My Invention relates to the formation and construction of glass tubes for the
manufacture of clinical, chemical, and various kinds of thermometers, where its
application is essential for the following purposes, vis. :-
:-
1st. To increase the facilities for reading the markings or divisions etched on
such glass tubes to indicate the degree to which the mercury or spirit employed
therein has risen or fallen, as the case may be.
2nd. To prevent or lessen the liability of all such instruments to breakage from
accident by rolling off any flat or slightly inclined surface where the same may be
placed, as is the case with the circular tubes now ordinarily employed.
The principles of this Invention were embodied in my application for which I
obtained Provisional Protection, dated the Twenty-fourth day of January of the
present year, and numbered 317, and which is intended to be incorporated
therewith.
My improvements will be effected by constructing the tubes in such manner as
to prevent them attaining a rolling motion by ordinary usage on the one hand, and
on the other hand to enlarge or magnify the bore of the smallest tube manufactured
to enable the indications of the mercury therein to be read with the greatest facility,
as before described.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine inyself at present to
any particular conformation or shape of the said tubes to effect the object desired

page_text: by these improvements, but will fully describe and illustrate the same in my Final
Specification.
The new features of my Invention then is,―
First. The formation of the tube or tubes so as to impart thereto a magnifying
power of various degrees of magnitude.
And, Second. To prevent its liability to roll, as and for the purposes before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR THRASHING INDIFFERENTLY WHEAT, CEREALIA, CLOVER, AND OTHER GRAIN FODDER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Alfred Dumont, Farmer, of Ambrault, in the Department of
Indre, in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR THRASHING
INDIFFERENTLY WHEAT, CEREALIA, CLOVER, AND OTHER GRAIN FODDER." A com-
munication from abroad by Alfred Dumont, Farmer, of Ambrault, in the Depart-
ment of Indre, in the Republic of France.
The object of this Invention is to thrash cereal and forage grains in one and the
same machine; this is effected by the combination and addition to an ordinary
thrashing machine of certain parts, brought into action only when it is desired to
thrash grain fodder.
Taking clover as an example, if it is subjected to the same operations as corn, it
is separated at the shaker as follows:-The stalks having fallen outside the machine
where the binders are situated, the short stems and so forth following the direction
of the inclined table reach the rear incline, and the heavier matter, such as the
grain, the chaff, and husks, traverse the gratings and descend the second incline,
when a plate isolating the blower delivers the grain to the collecting trough.
Instead of leaving this latter open it is closed by a door, and the grain enters a
branch pipe by raising another door; this branch debouches in a cylinder where a
beater moves, which draws with it the grain and chaff in such wise as to draw the
grains from their coverings, and by centrifugal action the beater projects the grain,
and envelopes in a trough, at the end of which is the blower, and the short stems
and powder are separated from the grain, which alone reaches the blower, which
takes the grain and directs it by a conduit to a separator cylinder, which cleans the
grain of any remaining impurities, especially parasites.
The beater and sorter or sifter have a certain conical form for presenting the
largest diameter to the entrance of the grain, by which means the special work for
which they are destined is first performed, and then their rotary action is utilized
for cleaning.

page_text: The cylinder of the beater is furnished with a door quite below, and which is
used in case of gorging. In front of the beater also is a plate of semicircular sheet
iron to arrest the projection of air and grain. The apparatus is worked by bands
and pulleys.
The straw shakers, tables, and inclined planes are (by aid of eccentrics acting
inversely) actuated by contrary backward and forward trembling motions, necessary
for proper working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MATERIALS FOR PRO- DUCING GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Aitchison and Robert Nathaniel
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April
1878.
ADAM AITCHISON and ROBERT NATHANIEL TAYLOR, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MATERIALS FOR PRO-
DUCING GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates in the first place to apparatus for domestic use, or for
producing gas upon the premises in which it is to be used, and is particularly
applicable for use on shipboard, or in dwelling houses, works, or public buildings.
We generate the gas from oil or oils, or hydrocarbons or liquid matters, by means
of a retort, which is heated by means of a fire, adapted to be also used for other
purposes, as for example, we hoat the retort by means of the fire of a cooking
stove or range.
In one arrangement the retort is situated behind the fire of the range, which is
or may be in the form of a rectangular stove.
The retort is provided at each end with a removable cover, so that it can readily
be cleared out.
The oil is supplied from a reservoir through a regulating cock or valve by
means of a pipe, which enters one end of the retort. The gas generated leaves the
retort through a pipe connected with the other end of the retort, the said pipo
being provided with a hydraulic gas check to prevent a return flow, as is usual.
The apparatus may be supplied with a suitable gas holder.
We prefer to make the retort of cast iron with a cylindrical wrought-iron shield,
which can be turned round upon the retort as it becomes damaged at the part
nearest to the fire.
The stove is or may be provided with a sliding fire-door, and with an oven, a
plate-warming chamber, a hot plate with holes to receive pans, a boiler, and a fuel-
storage chamber, or with some of these appliances. The stove is provided with
suitable dampers.
An apparatus so constructed is very suitable for use on shipboard.

page_text: In some cases we apply the retort to furnaces of coppers or boilers, or ovens, or
to water-heating apparatus, or to other similar appliances. In the second place we
employ a special mixture of matters for generating gas in the apparatus herein
indicated, or in other apparatus. We employ a mixture of creosote and petroleum,
or resin, oil, or other similar matter or hydrocarbon.
A mixture which we have found to be very suitable consists of,―
Cronante
Fanarts
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF A communica- MANUFACTURING PHOSPHATE OF POTASSA OR PHOSPHATE OF SODA
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1878. A communication from Adolph
Clemm, Doctor of Philosophy, of Mannheim, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frank-
fort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
A communica-
MANUFACTURING PHOSPHATE OF POTASSA OR PHOSPHATE OF SODA."
tion from Adolph Clemin, Doctor of Philosophy, of Mannheim, in the Empire of
Germany.
The improvements consist in manufacturing phosphate of alkali and sulphur out
of sulphates of alkali by means of phosphoric acid, and can be performed as
follows:-The sulphates of potassa or soda are mixed with coal and reduced to
sulphides in a reverberatory or other furnace. The molten mass is then pulverized
and wetted with water, when it is placed in metal tanks provided with a perforated
double bottom. A current of air is blown from below through the perforated
bottom and the molten mass, which it partially oxydizes, thereby forming principally
persulphides and hyposulphites. The oxydation having gone on several hours, the
mass is systematically lixiviated by water, and if the quantity of hyposulphite
contained in the solution is not found sufficient, the solution is exposed to the action
of sulphurous acid, until a sample of the solution scarcely produces any smell-of-
sulphide of hydrogen upon being poured into acid. This solution is then poured into
a solution of phosphoric acid until neutral phosphate of alkali is formed, and a large
quantity of sulphur precipitated, which is melted and purified in the ordinary way.
The sulphate which has been left undecomposed by the process of reduction, or which
has been formed anew by the oxydizing process, is removed from the solution by
adding sulphuret of barium, which, while producing sulphide, precipitates the
sulphuric acid as sulphate barium. The solution of the phosphate of alkali thus
produced can be used directly, or be concentrated and dried, or cristalized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF TIDAL RIVERS, ESTUARIES, AND COASTS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF SEWAGE FROM POPULOUS PLACES OR WORKS NOT SITUATED ON RIVERS OR COASTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Kelson Bromhead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1878.
HORATIO KELSON BROMHEAD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PURIFICATION OF TIDAL RIVERS, ESTUARIES, AND COASTS, THE SAME BEING
APPLICABLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF SEWAGE FROM POPULOUS PLACES OR WORKS NOT
SITUATED ON RIVERS OR COASTS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the purification of tidal rivers,
estuaries and coasts, the same being applicable for the removal of sewage from
populous places or works not situated on rivers or coasts, has mainly for its object
to prevent pollution from noxious matters.
The Invention consists in the construction of a channel, which may be open after
the manner of a canal, or covered over after the manner of a closed sewer or tunnel.
This channel, in the case of a tidal river or estuary, is in communication at its
upper end with that part of the river or estuary into which noxious matter is
discharged, and it may be as deep, or nearly as deep, or deeper than the lowest
part of the bed of the river or estuary. This channel may be of any length and
sectional area, and its point of discharge may be in the sen or in a waterway
leading to the sea. This point of discharge is provided with sluices, for the purpose
of allowing the contents of the channel to be discharged at some intervals, and for
retaining the contents at other intervals.
So soon as the tide begins to rise or is in flood the discharge sluices are closed
and the water contaminated by the discharge thereinto from the drains at the
upper end of the river is caused to flow by the rising tide into the aforesaid
channel, which action continues during the whole time the flood tide lasts and for
some time after the ebb has commenced, thereby diluting and carrying off with it the
water rendered impure by noxious matters.

page_text: In cases where required the upper end of the channel may be provided with
sluices.
In the case of populous places or works situated inland or near coasts, and where
there is not a tidal stream, an additional channel is formed for the purpose of
enabling the tidal water to flow up.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING KNIVES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Guex at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1878.
LOUIS GUEX, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Constructor.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING KNIVES."
"AN
For the purpose of cleaning the blades of knives I have constructed a mechanical
apparatus, which consists in the special arrangement of two discs or wheels with
flexible or elastic coverings on their peripheries, and revolving one against the other
tangentially, so that a knife blade interposed between these cylinders is cleaned
simultaneously on its two sides by the friction of the leather or other material
which covers each of the discs on their circumferences. This leather or covering
may be sprinkled with cleaning and polishing powder, and specially with the
ordinary brickdust employed for knife cleaning.
This arrangement of my apparatus, also the action of the mechanical parts which
put the discs in motion, are as follows:-On each of two parallel axles is a cleaning
disc; each of the discs is partly enclosed in a circular box of wood, brass, or other
metal or material, cut out at that part where the point of tangence of the cleaning
disc is situated.
For the purpose of putting the discs in motion I arrange on each of the axles a
toothed pinion, into which gears another pinion on an axle furnished with a handle;
this axle revolves in sleeves or sockets soldered to the boxes.
The two cleaning discs revolve in opposite directions by reason of the gearing
arrangement, so that the knife blade engaged between the discs constantly tends to
be drawn in by the rotary motion; it also always bears on the little roller of the
axle and the second roller, which turns freely between supports fixed to the box.
When the box is of iron or bronze it is preferably moulded in two parts, fastened
by screws for supporting the pinions. The box of the disc has flanges or feet cast
on it, which by means of a screw are secured to a table or board.
The cleaning disc is formed of a plate, preferably of metal, on the circumference
of which is arranged a ring formed of an india-rubber tube. On this hollow ring is
laid a band of chamois leather or other suitable material. A similar band may be

page_text: interposed, if necessary, between the hollow ring and the disc. This disc, when of
metal, is keyed directly on the axle; when of wood, it is fixed to the axle by
means of a metal plate screwed on it, whose socket is fixed to the axle by means
of a pin.
The skins covering the discs are sprinkled with cleaning powder; for that
I may arrange a powder funnel on one or on both of the boxes.
purpose
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carpenter Smith and George
Gayford Lusher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd
March 1878.
JOHN CARPENTER SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and GEORGE GAYFORD LUSHER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS."
In manufacturing a runner for an umbrella or parasol according to our Invention,
we make a short tube from a disc of sheet metal by the process commonly called
the drawing-through process, but we so conduct the said process that the short tube
formed is thicker or stronger in metal at one end than in the remaining portions of
the tube. The said tube is of the same internal diameter throughout, the additional
thickness of metal described giving the tube a somewhat greater external diameter
at and near one end.
We expand and flatten out the greater part of the thick end of the tube so as to
produce a flange on the end of the tube, the said flange constituting one of the two
flanges, of which the notch of the runner consists.
The thicker part of the tube terminates abruptly at a short distance from the
flange formed as described, and the shoulder made by the change in the thickness
of the metal forms an abutment for the ring of sheet metal which is passed on to the
tube and constitutes the second flange of the notch.
In order to fix the said ring or second flange in its place, a bead is formed in the
tube at the rear of the said ring. This bead may be made by a turning or spinning
process, a tool being introduced into the rotating tube, and by pressure made to
raise a bead between which and the shoulder described the said ring is firmly
gripped; or a similar bead may be formed by dies and pressure. In this case the
tube with the ring upon it is placed flange upwards in a bottom or fixed die, the
length of which is so much less than the length of the tube, that when the tube
with its ring is placed in the said die, there is exposed a short portion of the tube
between the said ring and the top of the die.

page_text: On bringing down the upper or moveable die upon the flange on the end of the
tube, the pressure acting on the exposed portion of the tube (the said exposed
portion being the only unsupported portion of the thin part of the tube) causes the
said portion to shorten in length and to increase in diameter, thus forming a bead
which fixes the ring in its place.
The notches are cut in the flanges and the runner notch. is finished in the
ordinary way.
0
The manufacture according to our Invention of top notches for umbrellas and
parasols differs in no essential respect from the manufacture of runner notches
herein-before-described..
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATORS FOR WATCHES, PORTABLE CLOCKS, AND OTHER TIME PIECES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Joseph Perkins, of Frome, in the County of
Somerset, Watch Maker, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATORS
FOR WATCHES, PORTABLE CLOCKS, AND OTHER TIME PIECES."
Sealed the 28th February 1879, and dated the 11th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Joseph Perkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1878.
FRANCIS JOSEPH PERKINS, of Froine, in the County of Somerset, Watch Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATORS FOR WATCHES, PORTABLE CLOCKS, AND OTHER TIME
PIECES."
.
The object of my Invention is to afford means for regulating watches and other
time pieces with the greatest precision and to an infinitisimal nicety, whereby, if
necessary, the regulator of a watch constructed according to my Invention has the
power of shifting an index to, say, a minute a year.
"
According to my Invention I form a slot in the index, index plate, or the "cock"
on which the index works; through the slot a screw works, which latter carries a
nut to which the index is connected. The regulator consists of an index with slot
at bottom for the screw to pass through; the latter is provided with a polished
shoulder to slide in the aforesaid slot of the aforesaid index to secure the said index
to a small nut or carrier which is driven by the long screw passing horizontally.
through the aforesaid nut; this long screw is pivotted or works in bearings at each
end and carries the aforesaid nut through slot in the cock or plate. The driving
screw has a wheel at one end into which a pinion works to drive it, another wheel

page_text: on the top of the pinion and covering same is provided with a click spring. to report
and register the number of degrees that it is moved or shifted.
I am aware that an index without a slot has before been used, but my Invention
essentially differs from it in that I have a slot at the bottom and thereby am enabled
to move the index through a portion of a circle by a straight line, that straight line
being the screw and slot.
To regulate a watch fitted according to my Invention, place the key on the set
square, holding together the reporting or registration wheel and pinion, turn it
as for setting the hands, that is, forwards to make it gain backwards to make it
lose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTENSION TABLES, AND CASTORS FOR THE SAME, SUCH CASTORS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fairbank at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1878. A communication
from abroad by Samuel Vanstone and James Poolman, of Providence, Rhode
Island, United States of America.
JOHN FAIRBANK, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTENSION
TABLES, AND CASTORS FOR THE SAME, SUCH CASTORS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER PURPOSES." (A communication from abroad by Samuel Vanstone and James
Poolman, of Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.)
Firstly. The Invention has reference to extension tables and consists of two
pairs of toggle bars and right and left hand threaded screw for working them com-
bined with an extension table, the extending or contracting of which is effected by
the turning of the screw. By this means the difficulty or labor attending such
extending or contracting is much reduced; at the same time the table top may be
drawn tightly and rigidly together when adjusted.
The two pairs of toggles are attached to opposite sides of the table so as to
work them alike, and thus move the table without cramping or binding. For
very long tables two or more sets of this apparatus may be used.
Secondly. This Invention has reference to castors, such castors being not only
applicable to the above mentioned arrangement of table, but also to tables generally.
Also to chairs, bedsteads, and for other furniture and purposes where castors may
be employed.
In some cases I employ a central spindle or shaft, on which is placed a cup with
spurs or projections on its upper surface for the purpose of keeping the cup in
position. On the bottom part of the spindle or shaft is fitted so as to work
freely the arm or brackets between which a roller of ordinary construction is fitted.
Within the cup and between its interior face and the upper surface of the boss
of the roller arms are provided a number of anti friction rollers; these are made
convex on their outer ends and concave on their inner ends, and by preference
tapered from a larger diameter at their outer ends to a smaller diameter at the
inner ends, thus to a considerable degree decreasing the friction whilst revolving.

page_text: The shaft or spindle is provided with a shoulder, which forms a béaring for
the cup.
Instead of the long spindle or shaft a socket is employed to receive the lower end
of the leg of the table or other article. To this is rivetted or otherwise fastened an
inverted cup in combination with the roller bracket and anti friction rollers arranged
in a similar manner to the hereinbefore described.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGE GLASSES FOR INDICATING THE LEVEL OF THE WATER IN STEAM BOILERS MORE PERFECTLY
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ellis Partington, of Bolton, in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGE
GLASSES FOR INDICATING THE LEVEL OF THE WATER IN STEAM BOILERS
MORE PERFECTLY."
Sealed the 18th February 1879, and dated the 21st August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ellis Partington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1878.
JOHN ELLIS PARTINGTON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. 'IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO WATER GUAGE GLASSES FOR INDICATING THE LEVEL OF
THE WATER IN STEAM BOILERS MORE PERFECTLY."
The object of this Invention is to render the level or height of the water in
water guage glasses more apparent and visible than heretofore, and consists in the
use and application to the purpose of a float, composed by preference of white
opaque blown glass or other suitable material, which will float upon the surface of
water. This float is introduced into the glass tube of the water guage, and by
floating upon the surface of the water therein renders the indication of the water
level more apparent and visible; and in order to prevent such float leaving the glass
tube I apply a spiral wire cap at either end of such tube.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Ellis Partington in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st February 1879.
JOHN ELLIS PARTINGTON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGE GLASSES FOR INDICATING THE LEVEL OF
THE WATER IN STEAM BOILERS MORE PERFECTLY."
The object of this Invention is to render the level or height of the water in water
gauge glasses more apparent and visible than heretofore, and consists in the use and
application to the purpose of a float, composed by preference of white opaque blown
glass or other suitable material, which will float upon the surface of water. This
Hoat is introduced into the glass tube of the water gauge, and by floating upon the
surface of the water therein renders the indication of the water level more apparent
and visible. In order to prevent my improved float leaving the glass tube when the
water rises too high or falls too low in the boiler I apply a spiral wire cap or plug
at either end of such tube.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that claim the use and
application to water gauge glasses of a float, substantially as and for the purposes
herein-before described, or any mere modification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ellis Partington, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
JOHN ELLIS PARTINGTON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOE SOLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1878. A communication
from abroad by Heinrich Freidrich Daniel Schwahn, of Frankfort-on-the-Main,
in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHOE SOLES." A communication from abroad by Heinrich Freidrich Daniel
Schwahn, of Frankfurt-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements relate primarily to soles to be made of wood, but leather,
rubber, cork, and other materials suitable for the purpose may be equally treated.
The Invention consists in making the sole of two or more pieces joined by one or
more transverse joints or hinges, so that a more pliable and soundless tread is
obtained in a thick or heavy sole; also in treating the material of the sole when of
wood or absorbent material by impregnating it with soluble glass or varnishes or
both, rubber being used at the joints to render them waterproof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ambrose Boulton Biggs, George
Kittlety Chapman, and James Heys at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 27th December 1878.
AMBROSE BOULTON BIGGS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tobacco
Manufacturer, GEORGE KITTLETY CHAPMAN, of King's Norton, in the County of
Worcester, Foreman, and JAMES HEYS, also of King's Norton, in the County of
Worcester, Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES
FOR SMOKING."
This Invention consists in covering or partly covering smoking pipes and cigar
or cigarette tubes with vulcanite, which operation is thus effected.
We take a sheet of india rubber prepared for vulcanizing and stamp out pieces
of the shape and size required to cover the pipe; we then form these pieces into a
jacket by bringing the edges together, and joining them with a solution of india
rubber and naptha or other suitable solvent. This jacket is then subjected to heat,
which hardens it sufficiently to enable it to stand the strain of being drawn over
the pipe and adjusted to the shape. When drawn on and fastened so as to prevent
contraction the pipe thus covered is again subjected to the action of heat, steam at
high pressure being preferred, and by this the covering becomes hardened, and
capable of being polished by friction in the ordinary way. The stems of pipes or
the mouth-pieces may also be covered in this way, or short lengths of moulded
tubes may be slipped over them to form smooth mouth pieces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL TILES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gibbs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1878.
WILLIAM GIBBS, of 114, Old Street, St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex,
Glass Embosser. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL TILES."
These tiles consist of small pieces of plate glass in various sizes and to form
various geometrical designs or patterns when fixed, coloured at the back with
water, spirit, or varnish colours; taking a stencil plate and brushing various
patterns thereon, after backing the clean parts with oil, varnish, or water colors;
covering the whole of the works with a solution composed of shellack, and covered
with tin foil, oiled silk, linen, or paper; they can however be used without the
last-mentioned coverings. Penciling or outlining an ornament or figures, and
painting or coloring the same, finished as above described; gilding in embossed
gold or burnished gold, and taking a pattern or patterns out with stencil plates;
colouring the same; finishing or fine scoring as above; transferring various designs
and illustrations from printed paper, and gilding, silvering, or coloring the same; cut-
ting and polishing with a wheel various patterns in glass; silvering, gilding, coloring,
and backing the same. These tiles are bevelled, groved, or fluted, or plain edges;
these tiles affixed to walls, ceilings, furniture, and other places in the following way
with buttons, metal or wood screws, pins, cement, plaster, puttey, or lead.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Oliver and Thomas Lockie, both of Edinburgh,
in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
Sealed the 22nd March 1878, and dated the 12th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Oliver and Thomas
Lockie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January
1878.
WILLIAM OLIVER and THOMAS LOCKIE, both of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of tramways,
has reference to the rails, crossings, and points thereof.
The improvement in tramway rails consists under the first modification in con-
structing the head thereof with a deep vertical web, by which the head is attached
to a broad horizontal foot, which may either be laid directly on concrete or other
suitable foundation without longitudinal or cross sleepers, or may be fixed by dog
spikes or equivalent fastenings to cross sleepers. Under this modification the head,
web, and sole of the rail are all rolled in one piece, and either of iron or steel, which
construction by the absence of holes for receiving bolts or other fastenings such as
are at present adopted produces a stronger rail.
According to the second modification the rail and foot are. constructed separately,
that is to say, the rail is rolled with a continuous web projecting from its under
side immediately below the groove in which the flanches of the tram car wheels run.
This rail rests upon a continuous sleeper which is rolled, either of iron or steel,
having a central vertical web projecting upwards, and formed with a continuous
table at one side upon which the under surface of the rail rests, so that when the

page_text: rail and sleeper are placed together the vertical web at the under side of the rail
bears against the vertical web of the sleeper, in which position the rail and sleeper
are fastened together by rivets passed through them, so that the upper table or
wearing part of the rail is not injured by holes for bolts or other fastenings, the rail
being either iron or steel.
The points and crossings according to this Invention have for their object greater
durability than those at present in use, and the improvements consist in constructing
the same of wrought iron, over the wearing surfaces of which a layer or casing of
steel is welded, or the points and crossings may be made entirely of steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS, MONOGRAMS, OR OTHER DEVICES TO INDIA-RUBBER TOBACCO POUCHES OR OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF INDIA-RUBBER.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allen Oldroyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1878.
ALLEN OLDROYD, of Oliver House, Oliver Road, Leyton, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS, MONOGRAMS, OR
OTHER DEVICES TO INDIA-RUBBER TOBACCO POUCHES OR OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF
INDIA-RUBBER.'
"
This Invention relates to improvements in the application of ornamental designs,
names, monograms, or other devices to india-rubber tobacco pouches or other
articles made of india-rubber.
Heretofore in the application of names and other devices the letters or devices
have been cut out of india-rubber or other materials of a different color to that of
the pouch, and attached thereto; then covered with a thin covering of india-rubber,
the pouch being afterwards cured, as is well understood, thus producing raised or
embossed letters or devices on the surface of the pouch.
Now the object of my improvements is to dispense with the slow and expensive
process of cutting out the letters or devices, and substitute the process of writing,
painting, printing, or lithographing in place thereof. For this purpose in carrying out
my improvements I first print, paint, or write the letters or devices in colors upon the
surface of an india-rubber pouch or other article of india-rubber, and then cover
the part with a thin piece of semi-transparent india-rubber, so that the colored
letters or device can be seen through it. The pouch or other article is then cured
or converted by chemical means as is well understood, the colored lettering or
device being permanently secured between the two surfaces of india-rubber and
seen distinctly.
In place of writing, painting, or printing the letters, devices, or designs upon the
india-rubber, they may be written, painted, or printed upon paper or other material,

page_text: and applied to the pouch or other article, and then covered with a thin semi-
transparent cover of india-rubber.
Or the letters or devices may be cut from gold or silver foil, and enclosed
between the two surfaces of india-rubber, as previously described.
Or the letters or devices may be printed in gold or silver in place of color if 5
desired.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE GENERATION OF STEAM FOR WORKING ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Berriman Sawdon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1878.
BERRIMAN SAWDON, of Dock Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE GENERATION OF STEAM FOR WORKING
ENGINES."
This Invention relates to improvements connected with the generation of steam
for working engines, and consists in fitting within a retort which can be arranged
in an ordinary fire-place or grate an inner vessel, into which water in small quan-
tities can be forced and spread by means of a pump, and be there converted into
steam to be withdrawn, and used as the motive-power agent in an engine.
My inner vessel, which may be loose or attached to the front of the retort in any
suitable manner, has pipes for leading the water into the vessel, and also for loading
the steam away from it; it has also a gauge and valves for regulating the pressure
and for preventing an accumulation of gases that may tend to obstruct the proper
convertion of water into steam, which by my Invention is effected instantaneously
on the water coming into contact with the heated vessel. In some cases I fit a
reservoir to the steam pipe to enable a supply of steam to be reserved, should such
be required, but I prefer to make and use the steam only as it is needed.
I do not restrict myself to the size or shape of the retort, nor of the inner vessel,
although I purpose making them of a size suitable for driving small engines, and as
substitute for the present gas engines, which not only create a nuisance by the smell
of unconsumed gas and of burnt gas, but are objected to from the explosive nature
of the gas itself.
My retort may be of any shape or thickness, of cast, malleable, or of wrought
iron, can be set in brickwork if necessary, and its character is such that it can be
removed with facility, as can also the inner vessel and pieces attached, for repairs,
renewals, or otherwise.

page_text: Any number of my retorts and inuer vessels may be arranged in proximity, and
the steam of each utilized by being put into combination for working one larger
engine.
By this arrangement any one or more of the apparatus can be shut off or put out