IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND WEAVING."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Wright Child, of Halifax, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wright Child
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th January, 1863.
I, JOHN WRIGHT CHILD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Yarns to be used in weaving are spun upon tubes which are usually of a
cylindrical form, and such tubes have been formed of paper and other
material.
My improvements consist in substituting for the cylindrical figure a polygonal
figure so that the outer surface of such tubes may be composed of a series of
angles, and I prefer that such angles be as sharp as possible by the surfaces
between being hollowed. Such angles may be parallel or somewhat inclined
across the axis of such tube or slightly belical.
Tubes thus formed will be found to fit more readily upon the wood or other
internal tubes upon which they are placed during the spinning, as well as on
the shuttle peg when in the shuttle, and the yarn as wound thereon will be
more firmly held from slipping off bodily end wise, whilst it will also unwind or

page_text: weave off more freely. I also apply to the ends of such tubes or receivers pro-
jecting rings of metal or other material to prevent the yarn in unwinding
therefrom from catching on the raw edges or ends as well as to enable such
tubes to hold more yarn. I also form tubes or receivers for yarn when of a
cylindrical or other form with the outer surface thereof of differing diameter, by
preference helical, and increasing in diameter towards one or both ends of them.
I also form such tubes with helical projections thereon. I also sometimes
saturate or coat tubes, when they are formed of paper, with india-rubber, or any
other suitable matter adapted to resist the action of water or other liquid used
to saturate the yarns thereon. I also apply to the pins or pegs of the shuttles
upon which such tubes are placed for weaving bands or rings of india-rubber,
leather or other suitable elastic substance adapted to hold the tubes or receivers
from slipping off. I also apply the washers upon which the flanges of the
spools or spool tubes rest during the spinning so that during the spinning
and as required the amount of frictional surface exerted by such washers
may be varied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Wright Child in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WRIGHT CHILD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Wright Child, Her special licence that I, the said John
Wright Child, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Wright Child, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND WEAVING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Wright Child, my exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Wright Child, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Yarns to be used in weaving are spun upon tubes which are usually of a
cylindrical form and such tubes have been formed of paper and other
material.
My improvements consist first, in substituting for the cylindrical figure a
polygonal figure so that the outer surface of such tubes may be composed of a
series of angles, and I prefer that such angles be as sharp as possible by the
surfaces between being hollowed. Such-angles may be parallel or somewhat
inclined across the axis of such tube or slightly helical. Tubes thus formed
will be found to fit more readily upon the wood or other internal tubes upon
which they are placed during the spinning, as well as on the shuttle peg when
in the shuttle, and the yarn as wound thereon will be more firmly held from
slipping off bodily endwise, whilst it will also unwind or weave off' more freely.
I also apply to the ends of such tubes or receivers projecting rings of metal
or other material to prevent the yarn in unwinding therefrom from catching
on the raw edges or ends as well as to enable such tubes to hold more yarn.
I also form tubes or receivers for yarn when of a cylindrical or other form with
the outer surface thereof of differing diameter, by preference helical, and
increasing in diameter towards one or both ends of them. I also form such
tubes with helical projections thereon. I also sometimes saturate or coat
tubes when they are formed of paper with india-rubber or any other suitable
matter adapted to resist the action of water or other liquid used to saturate
the yarns thereon.
My improvements relate, secondly, to applying to the pins or pegs of the
shuttles upon which such tubes are placed for weaving bands or rings of india-
rubber, leather, or other suitable elastic substance adapted to hold the tubes or
receivers from slipping off.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to applying the washers upon which the
flanges of the spools or spool tubes rest in spinning frames during the spinning,
so that during the spinning and as required the amount of frictional surface
exerted by such washers may be varied.
But that the improvements may be better understood, I will by the aid of

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side view, Figure 2 a section, and Figure 3 an end view
of one form of tube complete, constructed according to the first part of my
improvements.
'
This tube as will be seen by the sectional view of it, Figure 2, is formed of
a polygon of six sides a, a, a, a, a, a, but the number of such sides may be
varied and the sides are slightly inclined spirally across. The extent as well
as the direction of such inclination may be varied. The advantage of such
form is that when such tubes are made of elastic material the sides a present
a series of surfaces for the better holding of such tubes on the tube holders
during spinning as well as upon the shuttle pegs or spindles, and that this may
be more effectual I prefer that the sides a be formed hollow or concave on
their outer surfaces. The tube shown is formed of paper, such tubes may
however be formed of metal which I should prefer to be thin for the sake of
more effectually securing the elastic holding referred to. When forming
these tubes of paper, I take a sheet, such as that represented by Figure 4, and
having applied paste or other suitable adhesive matter to one surface of it, I
lay it on a table and pass it between a pair of rollers such as represented by
plan and sectional view Figures 5 and 6. 6 is the table, c and d the pair of
rollers. The roller c is furnished with an elastic coating or cushion of india-
rubber or other suitable elastic material c', and it is supported so as to turn
freely in the bearings 6. The upper roller is formed as more clearly shewn
by the separate views of it, Figures 7 and 8, and when in use it is placed
under the notches or necks e¹ of the lever arms e so that pressure exerted on
those arms may cause the paper passed between these rollers to be pressed to
the form of the roller d, pressure is obtained to the roller d according to the
arrangement shown by the spring f acting on the bar e connecting the outer
ends of the arms e, and when it is desired to release the roller d for the removal
of a tube produced on it, the levers may be lifted from such roller by the
operator acting on the treddle g, which by a rod g¹ and cross piece g³ is con-
nected to the inner ends of the leverse which are capable of turning on axes et.
Upon one end of the roller d is applied a handle d' by which the same may be
caused to revolve. The paper to form a tube having been placed between
these rollers c, d, a short distance, I first turn over the edge of it on to the
roller d, and then by giving a few turns to that roller the whole of the paper
will be wound into a tube on to and of the form of the roller d. The elasticity

page_text: в
of the surface. of the roller c combined with a slight pressure given to the
roller & whilst it is revolving will cause the paper when in a moist state from
the application of adhesive matter thereto to assume closely the figure of the
roller d. A tube having been thus formed the attendant releases the roller d
by acting upon the treddle g to raise the front ends of the lever arms and
the newly formed tube may then be readily slipped off one end of that roller
and when it is again placed in position under the levers e another sheet. of
paper may be operated upon in like manner and so on. Figures 9 and 10
show a side view and an end view of a tube thus obtained, and such tube when
dry is ready for use, I prefer however to apply to the ends of tubes thus
obtained metal rings a' as indicated by Figures 1 and 2.
.
Figures 11 and 12 show a plan and sectional view of a ring, such as I
employ previous to its application to a tube; and Figure 13 shows a section
of one end of a tube with one of such rings. applied to it, the parts. of the ring
having been pressed together so as to close tightly on the end of the tube.
Figure 14 shows another tube with the outer surface thereof of varying
diameter; such tube is obtained by employing paper of the form indicated by
Figure 15, when by coiling it on a mandril beginning either at the end 6 or c
until the whole is coiled into a tube in manner similar to what has been
explained, the effect will be to produce a tube with the outer surface thereof
of unequal diameter, and with the varying diameter of a spiral form. The
section of such tube may be cylindrical or polygonal, according to the form of
the mandril upon which it is produced.
Figure 16 shows another tube of differing diameter, increasing spirally
from the centre to each end. Such form may be obtained by using a sheet of
paper of the form indicated by Figure 17. A tube with helical projections
may be obtained by the application of a narrow slip of paper on to the sheet
of paper of which the tube is to be formed, as indicated by Figure 18, where
(1) represents the slip of paper so placed to obtain additional thickness to the
tube at that part.
Figure 19 shows an external view, and Figure 20 a longitudinal section of
another form of tube with the surface thereof of varying diameters. In this
case I obtain those variations by coiling the papers to produce them on to a
roller or mandril of the form indicated by Figure 21. Figure 22 shows a
sheet of paper of the shape I use for producing tubes of this form. I find
such tubes are well preserved from the action of moisture applied to the yarn
by saturating them in melted stearine at a boiling or nearly boiling heat..
Dipping them in boiled linseed oil or boiled linseed oil and resin and then
drying them in an oven at a temperature of say 250° Fahrenheit, or there--

page_text: about, also answers well, but I do not claim these means separately considered,
nor do I limit myself to their use.
Figure 23 shows a shuttle, pin, or peg, with washers applied according to
the second part of my improvements. e is the pin; f,f, are washers thereon,
adapted to hold the tube placed on it, as indicated by the red dotted lines h;
i represents another washer, which may be placed on the pin or peg e after
the tube with its yarn has been applied thereon. This washer i is intended
particularly to be employed when the ends of the tubes, from not being
furnished with rims, are liable to become uneven or ragged, and the object of
this washer i is to prevent the thread whilst being drawn off from being caught
by such edges. Each of these washers may be of leather or of india-rubber,
and they are held correctly in position on the pin or peg e by that pin or peg e
being cut into necks e¹ to receive them, as more clearly seen by the sectional
view, Figure 24. The washers i I prefer to have a metal rim ¹ as shewn by
the separate views of one of them, Figure 25.
Figures 26 and 27 show the third part of my improvements applied.
Figure 26 shows a portion of the collar rail and two spindles of an ordinary
spinning frame, with the lifting pin between them, the lifter being at the top,
and ready to commence filling the bobbin or tube; Figure 27 is a vertical
section in the opposite direction of the bobbin or tube when full, and the lifter
is at the bottom. In each of these Figures the same letters are employed to
indicate corresponding parts wherever they occur.
A is the collar rail; B, the lifting pin; C, the bottom lifter plate; and D,
the top lifter plate; E is a corrugated metal diaphragm or washer, which
rests on the convex washer I; F is the bobbin or tube holder. G is a stud
with set screw fastened to the lifting pin B; H is a plate, with an inclined
slot H¹ fastened to the collar rail A. J is the ordinary dolhead or lifting stud;
and L is the regulating screw and chain by which the lifter is worked; K is
a collar on the lifting pin B to rest on the dolhead. The action of these parts
is as follows: As the lifter B begins to descend the stud G by working in
the inclined slot H of the plate H turns the lifting pin B partly round, and
by means of the coarse pitch screw at the top which works in the plate D
the two plates C and D are gradually brought nearer together, thereby
reducing the amount of surface which the bobbin or tube holder rests upon by
pressing the outer diameter of the diaphragm E more on to the convex
washer I, as shown in Figure 27; Figures 28 and 29 show a plan and section
of a diaphragm E. I do not, however, confine myself to forming the elastic
diaphragm E of sheet metal, and in some cases I form it of a coiled spring,
somewhat like the mainspring of a clock, but with the coils close, or nearly

page_text: close, and with the outer end fastened so as to give it the character of an
elastic domed disc. Leather, india-rubber, or other elastic material may be
applied in like manner and for a like object.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and means which
I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details referred to, as these may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the respective improvements.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wright Child, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN WRIGHT CHILD. (L.B.)