IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE PULLEYS, AND; IX, PEGS OR PINS FOR HANGING HATS OR OTHER GARMENTS THEREON
Year: 1844

page_text: TAYLOR'S SPECIFICATION
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS: SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TAYLOR,. of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick; -Door Spring Manu-
facturer, send greeting:
**
WHEREAS Her presenti most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters: Patent. under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty fourth day of April, in the seventh year of Her reign,
did; for Herself, Her, heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the 'said
William Taylor, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and 'authority,
that I, 'the said William Taylor, my exors,, adñiors,, and assigns, or such others
as I,, the said William Taylor, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed; should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and, the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE PULLEYS, AND; IX,
PEGS OR PINS FOR HANGING HATS OR OTHER GARMENTS THEREON:;" in which said.
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I the said William Taylor, shall,
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
mander the same is to be performed, to be inrolled. in Her said.-Majesty's.
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months' next and, immediately,
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being. thereunto had, will more fully and at large-appear..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Taylor, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is
to say):-
:-
The Invention relates to the manufacture of axle pulleys, such as are com-
monly employed in supporting the weighted cords of window sashes; and the
Invention also relates to pegs or pins for hanging clothes thereon. And in
order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
means pursued by me in performing my Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front view of a-moulder's pattern employed in making
axle pulleys according to the first part of my Invention; Figure 2.shows a
side view thereof, and this moulder's pattern is for making a suitable sand
"mould for casting the box or frame of an axle pulley according to the first part
of my Invention. Figures 15 and 16 show a side section and a transverse
section of a sand mould produced by the patterns shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3;
the core for making the interior of the pulley box or case being shown in its
place in Figures 15 and 16. In making the core for forming the interior of the
box, the pulley is to be encased with sand so as to form the core. Figure 4
shews a pulley wheel, the axle of which pulley wheel is turned or cut true on the
surface, and the sides of the pulley wheel are faced up; and in making the core
this. wheel is embraced in the hoop frame, Figure 5, and the space on each
side is to be filled with sand proper for making a core, as is shown at Figure 6;
and the sand having been introduced into the hoop frame, the instrument,
Figure 7, is to be placed over the axle of the pulley, and in such manner as to
press the sand hard on that side of the pulley, when the frame and pulley,
is to be turned over, and the other side filled with sand and pressed with the
tool, Figure 7, by which means: the pulley will be cased with sand on either.
side, as is shown at Figures 8 and 9, and the pulley is then introduced between
the two sides of the core box, Figures 11 and 12, each having a hole through it
for receiving the axis of the pulley, by which the pulley is retained securely
when ramming in the sand to make the core.. The core is then made by
ramming in the' sand. into the core box, by which a core will be. produced
siniilar to that shewn at Figures 13 and 14; the instrument, Figure 10, being
used to remove the sand.around the axle; so as to leave the: shoulders thereof

page_text: free from sandl. The core, after being. dried, as is well understood in making
dry cores, when the axles have been coated, as hereafter explained, is to be
introduced into the mould produced by the pattern, Figures 1, 2, 3, and as
is shown at Figures 15 and 16; the filling piece 6 of metal or sand being
introduced into the mould, the mould being then put together, as is shown at
Figures 15 and 16, and proper "gets" or openings being made, the melted
metal is run into the mould, and thus will be produced an axle pulley such as
is shewn in back view and side view at Figure 17, and the finished axle pulley
is shown in Figures 18, 19, and 20. The axle pulley having been annealed,
and dressed and finished, after coming out of the mould, by removing
inequalities in the casting and turning the groove of the pulley, in order to be
complete; and it is important to call attention to the circumstance that the
axle d of the pulley is made to protrude at a, to some extent beyond the side
of the box or case, and the object of this projection a is that the pulley may be.
introduced into a lathe, and caused to revolve, in order to turn out the groove
in the pulley, the box or case remaining stationary during this process; and
it is for this purpose that the mould is made large, so as to require the filling.
pieco b; the length of the axle at a, requiring such enlargement of the mould, in
order that the cover with the axle d, a, may be introduced into its place. The
projection a having served its object of allowing the pulley to be turned
thereby in a lathe, is to be filed off or otherwise removed. The axle d, a,
before being introduced into the mould, is to be coated with a suitable
composition, and dusted over, so as to prevent the melted metal adhering
thereto or fastening thereon, so as to prevent the axle turning freely in the
sides of the case or box; and I use for this purpose white lead mixed with
spirits of turpentine, and I dust over the same with ground pot or brick or.
burned sand. I would remark, in respect to this part of my Invention, that
I am aware that it has before been proposed to form pulleys into cores for
making axle pulleys by casting the box or case thereon, and a Patent was some.
years back taken for a mode of accomplishing this object, but which I believe
did not succeed, owing to the means resorted to for forming the axle.aud
enclosing the pulleys in sand, and from the circumstance of no provision
having been resorted to for coating the axles in order to prevent the melted
metal adhering to the axles or shirking thereon, hence, when the casting
cooled on the axes, the axes could not be made to turn freely. And I mention
this circumstance in order to state that I do not claim the incasing the pulley
wheels of axle pulleys in cores, and casting boxes or cases thereon.
"I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 21
shews a side view of a box or case; Figure 24 shews a side view of an axle

page_text: pulley complete; Figure 25 shews a front view; Figure 26 shews a back
view; and Figures 27 and 28 shew the pulley wheel separately. In this
construction the box is formed in one casting with side slits or openings to
receive. the separate. bearings of the axle, shewn separately at-Figures: 22 and
23, and one of them-in its place at Figure 24; the bearings fitting into the
side slits or openings in the frame or box, and they are fastened by screws, as
shewn. When it is desired to face the front of axle pulleys with brass, in place.
of having the brass fixed. by rivetting, as: heretofore, I apply it in one of two
ways, which I will now describe:-I-take a portion of thin. sheet brass, of such
size as to cover, the front and edges, and fold over the back of the front-plate
of an axle pulley, and I cut or stamp out an opening for the passage of the
pulley and other holes for the screws. This plate of metal I raise at the edges,
as is well understood, so as to fit over the front plate of an axle pulley, and I
countersink the parts around the holes for the screws-in such manner that such
countersinking-may enter the countersinking of the holes in the front plate, as
is shewn at Figure 29, and, having placed the raised plate of brass over the
front plate of an axle pulley, I cause the edges to be folded-down at the back:
of the front plate, by. which the same will be fastened. Or, in-place of raising
the edges of the front covering plate of brass, I simply form that plate of the
same size at the front plate of the axle pulley to which it is to be applied, and
then so sink the metal in forming the countersinks for the heads of the screws
that the metal so sunk may be caused to be made into a tubular form, which,
passing through the screw holes, are then pressed down at the back, as is
shewn at Figure-30: I have not thought it necessary to shew the moulds used
for casting the box or case of this axle pulley, as the same is a simple casting,
and will readily be produced.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention. Figures 31 and 32
shew a back view, and an edge view of the front plate, on which are formed
one half of the bearings of the axis. of the pulley; Figures 33 and 34 shews
a side view and a front view of the box, which is in one casting, carrying the
other half of the,bearings of the axis of the pulley wheel; Figures 35 and 36
shews a side-view and back view of an axle pulley, complete. It will be seen
that the box is formed with front plates in addition to the front plate, Figures
.3.1 and 32, and the plates, Figures 31, 32, are fixed to the plate of the box by
nieans of rivets passed through holes.a; i, in the respective plates; Figure 37
is the pulley wheel...
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which is very similar to
that last described in respect to the use of two front plates; but in place of the
bearings being split or divided, one part of, each being carried by the front

page_text: plate, and the other part of cach being carried by the box or case, the bearings
are loose and separate, but fixed in their places by fastening: the two plates
together. Figures 38 and 39 shew the front plate, with small projections' at
back; Figure -40 is the pulley wheel; Figure 41 shews the interior and
exterior view of one of the bearings; Figure 42 shews a side view of the case.
or box separately; Figures 43 and 44 shew an axle pulley complete. :
:
.
I will now describe the fifth part of my Invention, which consists in using.
a separate axle, which, being applied in putting the parts together, becomes
fixed into the pulley wheel and turns therewith, in place of the pulley wheel
turning on the axle, as has heretofore been the case when a separate axle has
been used. Figure 48 shews a side view of an axle pulley constructed accord-
ing. to this part of my Invention. The pulley wheel has either a square or
slightly conical hole through it, and the axle is made slightly tapering, so that,
when driven through the box or case and through the pulley wheel, it will
fasten, tightly in the pulley. wheel and turn therewith, the axis having been
driven through is rivetted or upset at its smaller end to prevent it coming out."
!. I will now describe the sixth part of my Invention, which relates to the
covering iron. 'pins .or pegs (suitable for. hanging hats. and other garments-
thereon) with sheet. brass. Figure 49 shews a, hat peg or pin of iron, which
may be plain or ornamental; Figure 50 shews a sheet of thin brass raised so
as to cover the front surface of the pin, Figure 49, the device of which may
be varied according to taste, and, it is not absolutely necessary that the pin
itself should be cast with ornamental surfaces when the covering is ornamented,
as an ornamented cover may be placed on a plain hat. pin or peg. Figures 51
and 52 shew the front and back view of the covered hat peg, the pattern shape
being stamped suitably.for covering the front of a hat pin or peg; the edges of.
the metal are to be cut away, leaving sufficient to cover the back of the pin, the
metal is then "drawn through" a. suitable die or, tool, as, is well understood,
by which the edges will be raised, when the brass cover is to be placed over a
hat pin or peg and placed in a hollow tool, when a hollow punch descends and
bends the edges over the back, as is well understood when covering other
shaped articles with sheet metal, and by such means the covering of a hat pin
or peg is completed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn, so long as the
peculiar character of either part of my Invention be retained; but what
I claim is,―
First, the mode of making cores with pulleys by employing hoop frames,
Figure 5; I also claim the using of core boxes with holes through them for

page_text: the axle, as described in respect to Figures 11 and 12; I also claim the
orming the axle with a suitable projection a, as above described; and I also
claim the use of the filling piece b.
Secondly, I claim the making of the case or box of axle pulleys in one
piece, and applying moveable bearings, as described in respect to Figures 21,
22, 23, and 24; I also claim the mode of casing. the front plate of axle
pulleys with brass, as described in respect to Figure 29; and I also claim the
mode of applying a covering of brass to the front plate of an axle pulley, as
described in respect to Figure 30..
Thirdly, I claim the mode of making axle pulleys, described in respect to
Figures 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of forming axle pulleys with moveable bearings,
as described in respect of Figures 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, and 44.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of making axle pulleys with separate axes so
arranged in respect to the pulley wheels that the pulley wheels shall be fast
thereon and turn therewith.
And, sixthly, I claim the mode of .coating or covering hat pegs or pins with
sheet brass, as described in respect to Figures 49, 50, 51, and 52.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Taylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.