A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING THE FRICTION WORK OF AXLETREES AND OTHER SUCH MOVING PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6,
.Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING THE FRICTION WORK OF
AXLETREES AND OTHER SUCH MOVING PARTS OF MACHINERY." A communi-
cation from Jacques Belou, of the Firm of J. Belou and Company, Civil
Engineer, of 28, Rue St. Lazare, Paris, France, aforesaid.
aled the 21st August 1877, and dated the 26th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1877.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING
THE FRICTION WORK OF AXLETREES AND OTHER SUCH MOVING PARTS OF
MACHINERY." Communicated by Jacques Belou, of the Firm of J. Belou and
Company, Civil Engineer, of 28, Rue St. Lazare, Paris, France, aforesaid.
The Invention relates to a new or improved application of mechanical arrange-
ments or contrivances for diminishing the friction work of the axles of locomotives,
waggons, and every system of carriages, and of revolving shafts in general.
The said contrivances consist in superposing on each axle bearing a wheel of a
larger diameter than that of the axle, which will be called a diminishing or
reducing wheel, and the revolving shaft or pins of which will be the new fulcrum
or prop of the load and the new point of friction. Thus in this system each axle
length or bearing rests as it revolves against the periphery of a wheel placed above
it, which frees the axle from the friction arising from the weight of the load, and
the said friction is transferred on to the revolving shafts or pins of the wheel placed
above it; and the said pins rotating at a lower rate of speed than the axles by
reason of the difference of the length of the diameters, a smaller friction work is
produced than if the said friction work were exercised upon the axle.
In the case of revolving shafts, the friction of which acts on their lower parts, as

page_text: in fly-wheel shafts, the shaft is superposed on the reducing wheel, and the effect is
the same as above stated.
20
The Figures of the accompanying Drawing represent in the scale of 1/2 of the
natural size. Fig. 1, a front view; and Fig. 2, a vertical section of a waggon wheel
constructed according to the Invention; and Fig. 3, a vertical section of a rotating
fly-wheel shaft, to which the Invention is applied.
A is the axletree or shaft; B, the reducing or diminishing wheel; a, the rotating
shaft or pins of the reducing wheel; C, a kind of frame in which the reducing wheel
is pinned and upon which are placed the springs of the carriage; and D, ordinary
axle guards.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1877.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING
THE FRICTION WORK OF AXLETREES AND OTHER SUCH MOVING PARTS OF MA-
CHINERY." Communicated by Jacques Belou, of the Firm of J. Belou and
Company, Civil Engineer, 28, Rue St. Lazare, Paris, France, aforesaid.
The Invention relates to a new or improved application of mechanical arrange-
ments or contrivances for diminishing the friction work of the axles of locomotives,
waggons, and every system of carriages, and of revolving shafts in general.
The said contrivances consist in superposing on each axle bearing a wheel of a
larger diameter than that of the axle, which will be called a diminishing or
reducing wheel, and the revolving shaft or pins of which will be the new fulcrum
or prop of the load and the new point of friction. Thus in this system each axle
length or bearing rests as it revolves against the periphery of a wheel placed above
it, which frees the axle from the friction arising from the weight of the load, and
the said friction is transferred on to the revolving shaft or pins of the wheel placed
above it; and the said pins rotating at a lower rate of speed than the axle, by
reason of the difference of the length of the diameter, a smaller friction work is
produced than if the said friction work were exercised upon the axle.
In the case of revolving shafts, the friction of which acts on their lower part, as
in fly-wheel shafts, the shaft is superposed on the reducing wheel, and the effect is
the same as above stated.
Having thus briefly described the said Invention, I will now proceed to describe
the same more particularly, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figs. I. and II. illustrate in the scale of 1/20 parts of railroad vehicles in general,
such as waggons, carriages, engines, and tramway carriages, constructed according
to the Invention. In these Figures the diminishing or reducing apparatus is placed
outside the wheels of the carriage between two axle guards, one of which is the
ordinary guard in present use, of the axletree. The suspension spring of the
carriage is placed underneath and connected with the pins of the reducing wheel by
means of bolts or a suspended chape (chappe). A sheet-iron casing, not shown in
the Drawing, surrounds the apparatus in order to protect it against the dust.
Figs. III., IV., and V. represent two modifications of the same. In Figs. III. and
IV. the reducing wheels are coupled on the same rotating shaft, passing over the
carriage wheels; by this arrangement small wheels must be used and the carriage
frame enlarged; and in Fig. V. the reducing wheels, also coupled on one and the
same shaft, are mounted inside the carriage wheels, the ordinary dimensions of the
wheels and frame being preserved by this arrangement.

page_text: Fig. VI. shows two means of applying the Invention to loose-wheeled road
carriages.
In all these Figures, corresponding parts, or parts working in the same manner,
are indicated by similar letters, and the reason of there being in these Figures no
illustration of a casing to protect the periphery of the reducing apparatus from mud
and dust is to avoid any complication of the Drawings by accessory details; and it is
also for the same reason that no illustration is given even by one single Figure of
any means of applying the said Invention in the case of the revolving shafts of
machines in general, as every one can easily make the application for himself,
according to circumstances, from the explanations already given.
A is the axletree; B, the reducing wheel superposed on the axletree; C, pins or
rotation axes of the reducing wheel; D, axle guards of the axletree and the reducing
wheel; E, F, bearings of the reducing wheel and of the axletree; G, carriage spring
connected to the bearings of the reducing wheel by means of bolts or a suspension
chape; H, Fig. VI., box in which move independently of each other the inner ends of
an axletree broken off in the middle, an arrangement which allows of fixing the
axletree with its wheel and of causing the reducing wheel to act directly on the
axletree instead of applying the same on the nave of the wheel; B, I, Fig. VI., right
side, illustrate an arrangement in which the reducing wheel is suspended on the
axletree by means of a steel band, or a chain, rope, or strap in the manner of the
ordinary transmissions of motion.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details above enumerated, as these may obviously be inodi-
fied without departing from the principle of the Invention; but what I claim is the
application of a reducing or diminishing wheel, superposed on each axle bearing or
rotating shaft or pins, for the purpose of diminishing the friction work of the axle-
trees or shafts by transferring the present point of the said friction on to a rotating
axis or pins moving at a lesser rate of speed than that of the axletrees or rotating
shafts.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)