IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF MANURES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Owen, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent,
Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND
MANUFACTURE OF MANURES."
Sealed the 23rd March 1858, and dated the 14th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Owen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1857.
I, EDWARD OWEN, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF MANURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of manure from brewers' spent
hops in combination with sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda, either
separately or together. The spent hops may be reduced to a pulp or dry
powder, or they may be partially dried by pressing into cakes, or they may be
used as they come from the brewer.
The combination aforesaid may either be used of itself as a manure, or it
may be mixed with animal matter, or with phosphates of lime, such as bone
ash, coprolites, or bones treated with sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acid, and any
of these mixtures may be used for the purpose of manure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Owen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
OWEN, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Chemist; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October,. in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edward Owen, Her special license that I, the said Edward
Owen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edward Owen, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF MANURES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I; the said Edward Owen, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Owen, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:
My said Invention relates to the production or preparation of manure from
brewers' spent hops, and consists in mixing or combining with such hops
sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda, either-separately or in combination
with each other. The spent hops, before being mixed with either or both of
the chemicals above referred to, may be reduced to a pulp or to a dry powder
in any convenient manner, or they may be partially dried by being pressed
into cakes.
This combination of spent hops, with sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of
soda, either separately or together, may either be used as a manure in itself,
or it may be previously mixed or combined with animal matter, or with
phosphates of lime, such as bone ash, coporolites, or bones which have been

page_text: previously treated with sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acid, or the mixture may
be used in combination with any of the well-known existing manures.
. I may here observe that I do not confine or restrict myself to any par-
ticular proportions in the mixture of the ingredients, as such proportions will
be varied according to the particular nature of the manure required, or the
purposes to which it is proposed to apply the same.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I con-
sider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the preparation or manufacture of manure from spent hops, treated
in the manner herein-before described, and combined with sulphate of ammonia
and nitrate of soda, either separately or together.
Second, the combination of spent hops and sulphate of ammonia or nitrate
of soda, or both, with other known manures, or with animal matter or phos-
phates of lime, in any form for the purpose of producing an efficient fertilizing
agent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Owen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-eight.
EDWARD OWEN. (L.S.)