IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING HEADS FOR MACHINERY FOR SPREADING, DRAWING, OR TWISTING HEMP AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents, 60,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING HEADS FOR MACHINERY FOR
SPREADING, DRAWING, OR TWISTING HEMP AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
A communication from abroad by John Good, of Brooklyn, in the State
of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 25th July 1876, and dated the 30th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1876.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING
HEADS FOR MACHINERY FOR SPREADING, DRAWING, OR TWISTING HEMP AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS."
These improvements are applicable to drawing heads for various machines used
in the working of fibrous materials in which a drawing operation is to be performed.
Heretofore in machinery for working hemp and other fibrous materials in which
drawing heads are used it has been customary to construct said heads with
drawing rolls arranged to pinch the fibrous material as it is drawn by and passes
in between the rolls. Such rolls have necessarily a very limited holding surface on
the fibrous material under operation as it is only the contiguous portions of the
peripheries of the rolls which exert any drawing action or effect so that the
inaterial is either more or less imperfectly drawn, or its fibres are liable to be cut or
injured by the rolls.
This Invention radically differs from all such drawing heads, and consists in
means which provide for an extended drawing action or hold on the fibrous
material under operation free from the defects which are incidental to drawing
heads operating by means of drawing rolls as before mentioned. To this end
the sliver or fibrous material is exposed to an extended drawing action or hold
and pressure by its passage in an undulating course between two or more indepen-
dent travelling series of bars or ribs arranged so that the bars or ribs of one travelling
series work in between the bars or ribs of another travelling series moving in
like direction with the first-named series, and so that the sliver in its undulating
passage through the drawing head hugs the bars or ribs of both series free from
any pinching or cutting of the fibres by the bars, but subject to such a positive
Price G1

page_text: and extended hold that there is no possibility of slip and a most thorough drawing
action is obtained.
The Invention also consists in a special construction of such improved drawing
means or devices, consisting of one or more endless catenary series of drawing
bars or rods, and a corresponding number or series of rotating drawing bars or
ribs arranged to enter within the catenary series of drawing bars and to travel in
like direction and at the same velocity with the catenary series of drawing bars.
The Invention in this relation also consists in a peculiar construction of the
rotating series of drawing bars or ribs whereby the heads or ends carrying the
latter are made the drivers and supporters of the catenary series of drawing
bars, which are arranged to conform to the curvature to a greater or less extent of
the rotating series of drawing bars where the one series of bars work in interposedl
relation with the other series of bars.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
November 1876.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING
HEADS FOR MACHINERY FOR SPREADING, DRAWING, OR TWISTING HEMP AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by John Good, of Brooklyn,
in the State of New York, United States of America.
These improvements are applicable to drawing heads for various inachines used
in the working of fibrous materials in which a drawing operation is to be performed.
Heretofore it has been customary to construct the drawing heads of machinery for
working hemp and other fibrous materials with drawing rolls arranged to pinch
the fibrous material as it is drawn by and passes in between the rolls. Such rolls
have necessarily a very limited holding surface on the fibrous material under
operation, as it is only the contiguous portions of the peripheries of the rolls which
exert any drawing action or effect, so that the material is either more or less
imperfectly drawn, or its fibres are liable to be cut or injured by the rolls.
This Invention radically differs from all such drawing heads, and consists in
means which provide for an extended drawing action or hold on the fibrous
material under operation free from the defects which are incidental to drawing
heads operating by means of drawing rolls, as herein-before described. To this end
the sliver or fibrous material is exposed to an extended drawing action or holding
pressure by its passage in an undulating course between two or more independent
travelling series of bars or ribs arranged so that the bars or ribs of one travelling
series work in between the bars or ribs of another travelling series moving in like
direction with the first-named series, and so that the sliver in its undulating
passage through the drawing head hugs the bars or ribs of both series free from
any pinching or cutting of the fibres by the bars, but subject to such a positive
and extended hold that there is no possibility of slip, and a most thorough drawing
action is obtained.
The Invention also consists in a special construction of such improved drawing
means or devices, consisting of one or more endless catenary of drawing bars
or rods, and a corresponding number or series of rotating drawing bars or ribs
arranged to enter within the catenary series of drawing bars, and to travel in
like direction and at the same velocity with the catenary series of drawing bars.
The Invention in this relation also consists in a peculiar construction of the
rotating series of drawing bars or ribs whereby the heads or ends carrying the
latter are made the drivers and supporters of the catenary series of drawing bars,
which are arranged to conform to the curvature to a greater or less extent of the
rotating series of drawing bars where the one scries of bars work in interposed
relation with the other series of bars.

page_text: The accompanying Drawings illustrate the application of the improvements to a
drawing frame for drawing hemp.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the drawing head end of a hemp drawing
frame with the Invention applied.
Fig. 2 is a sectional end view of the same on the line x, x, looking towards the
drawing head.
Fig. 3 is a partly sectional end elevation of the condensing rollers or devices for
condensing the drawn sliver.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section upon the line y, y.
Fig. 5 is an end section upon a larger scale of the catenary series of drawing bars
in its relation with the rotating series of drawing bars, and
Fig. 6 is a sectional view of one of the chains of which the catenary series of
drawing bars is composed, said section being in a longitudinal direction with the bars.
A, A, are the side fraunes of a hemp drawing frame; B is the endless chain of
gill pins which conduct the hemp to the drawing head, and which may be driven
by notched discs on a rotating shaft c. The gill pins are hung so that they retain
upward or backwardly inclining positions during their upper line of travel and
when moving round or within fixed curved guides d at the drawing head end of
the frame. The hemp carried forward by the gill pins during their upper course
of travel is passed within or though a guide C, which serves to keep the fibre
within a proper width and to conduct it to the drawing head or devices, that is,
between an endless travelling catenary series D of drawing bars or rods e and a
rotating series E of drawing bars or ribs f, arranged so that the hemp or sliver g
has an undulating course or passage in between the two series of bars e and f
by which it is drawn, said series of bars e and being arranged to enter one within
the other as they work in a like and the same direction and at the same velocity
or thereabouts, one over and the other under the other. To obtain this action the
rotating series E of drawing bars fis fast on a shaft h running across the main
frame, and is formed with toothed heads or ends i, i, connected by the drawing
bars Thus constructed the rotating series E of bars resembles a lantern wheel
with its heads or ends cogged on their peripheries; but instead of thus constructing
the rotating drawing device with spaces or openings between its bars f the same
might be made close with longitudinally arranged drawing ribs or projections in
place of the bars. In such case, however, the cavities between the ribs should be
made sufficiently deep to provide for varying thicknesses of fibrous material passing
freely under the bars e entering within said cavities, but the lantern wheel-like
construction of said rotating drawing device is preferable as affording a readier
clearance and being easier or cheaper to make.
Another advantage which this lantern wheel construction presents is that within
the wheel a cylindrical cushion of vulcanized india-rubber may be introduced to
receive the pressure of the interlocking bars of the endless chain and increase the
nip upon the fibres.
This modification is illustrated at Fig. 5, which shews in section a cylinder
within the wheel furnished with an elastic coating that will yield to the pressure
of the bars of the chain and form an elastic bed for the passing fibres when nipped
by the bars c. The endless catenary series D of drawing bars E is composed of two
side chains h, k, cach of which may be made of triplicate rows of links pivotted
together by rivets and by reduced ends of the bars é by which the two chains h, k,
are connected. Such construction gives great flexibility and strength to the chains.
These chains pass around or over pulleys or rollers L, 1, on an upper cross shaft m
and under lower tension rollers n, n, arranged so that the bars e partly encircle and
enter (that is any number of them) within the rotating series of bars fand between
the teeth of the heads or ends i, i, of the rotating series of bars, the teeth of said
heads or ends being so arranged in relation with the bars f that the bars e are made
to occupy an interposed relation with the bars f, as the two series D and E of
drawing bars move in like direction and at like velocity where they pass each
other, and the toothed heads or ends i, i, are made both supporters and drivers of

page_text: the endless catenary series 1 of drawing bars. On the shaft h of the rotating series
of drawing bars to which motion may be communicated by a pulley G is a pinion 1
arranged to gear with a wheel J, the arbor o of which has on it another pinion K
that in its turn gears with a wheel L on the driving shaft c of the endless chain of
gill pins. These several wheels and pinions are so proportioned as to give the
necessary increased speed to the drawing devices D and E over or as compared
with the endless chain of gill pins B, which difference of velocity may be changed
as circumstances require by substituting a different sized wheel J and pinion K.
After the hemp or sliver has passed the drawing head it is conducted by a condensing
tube N to and between condensing rolls P and Q, which receive their necessary
rotary motions by pulleys R, S, and gear wheels or pinions u, v, from the shaft / as
a prime mover.
The system developed by this Invention, of drawing the fibrous material by its
undulating course or travel through or between the drawing devices by the motion
of the latter, and exposure of said material to a succession of drawing surfaces as it
inoves round or over and under the drawing bars or ribs of the drawing devices
alternately, insures a most perfect and extended hold and drawing action of the
fibre free from all liability to injuriously pinch or cut the fibres.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in Drawing
Heads for Machinery for Spreading, Drawing, or Twisting Hemp and other Fibrous
Materials," as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the
manner of carrying the samo into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim
First. A drawing head for fibrous materials constructed to effect the drawing of
the material under operation by the passage of the latter in an undulating course
between independent series of drawing bars or ribs which move in concert to effect
the draught and form extended holding surfaces by entering one within the other,
substantially as specified.
Second. The combination of an endless travelling catenary series D of drawing
bars, and a rotating series E of drawing bars or ribs, arranged for operation in
relation with each other and in combination with an elastic bed, essentially as and
for the purpose described.
Third. The rotating series E of drawing bars or ribs constructed with notched or
toothed ends or heads i, i, in combination with the catenary series D of drawing
bars, whereby the one series is made to drive and act in concert with the other series,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.