New or Improved Means and Apparatus for Bringing into Intimate Contact with each other Liquids of Different Densities.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 28th May, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1896
New or Improved Means and Apparatus for Bringing into Intimate
Contact with each other Liquids of Different Densities.
I, JAMES GARDNER CALVERT, of 38 Kyrkogatan, Gothenburg in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to means and apparatus for bringing liquids of different
densities or specific gravities into intimate contact with each other, that is to say
for churning, agitating, or mixing them together for any purpose such as that of
transferring something contained in one liquid to another liquid, or to wash one
liquid with another; for instance in the manufacture of margarine it is customary
to churn, agitate, or mix together the fatty substances intended to form the
margarine with milk in order to impart to such fatty substances the aroma of the
milk for the purpose of going thereto a buttery flavour and scent, and my improved
apparatus is well adapted for such a purpose.
In my improved apparatus I utilize the different densities or specific gravities of
the liquids to establish counter-currents, that is to say currents or streams of the
liquids travelling in opposite directions in close contact with each other, by which
means the transfer of the substance or aroma from the one liquid to the other is
effected much more completely and continuously than has been possible by the
means heretofore in use. My said improved apparatus consists in general terms
of the following arrangements :-
I provide a cylindrical or other suitably shaped vessel which may be called an
interchanger or washer for example, according to the purpose for which it is to be
used. It is preferably of considerable height in proportion to its diameter and is
provided or not, according to circumstances, with suitable churning, agitating or
mixing devices. I admit the lighter liquid such as the melted fat used in the
manufacture of margarine, for example, from an elevated reservoir by a pipe into
the aforesaid vessel at a point near the bottom thereof, and the heavier liquid,
such as the milk used in the same manufacture, from an elevated reservoir by a
pipe into the said vessel at a point near the top thereof. The heavier liquid falls
by reason of its higher specific gravity downwards through the aforesaid vessel,
and the lighter liquid rises by reason of its lower specific gravity upwards through
the aforesaid vessel, and consequently through the descending heavier liquid;
the two liquids are thereby brought into very intimate contact with each other,
and the aroma of the milk is transferred to the fat by reason of the well known
property possessed by the latter substance of taking up or absorbing aromas and
scents.
The heavier liquid on reaching the bottom of the vessel is drawn off, in any
suitable way, but preferably through a pipe which is carried up to a height
sufficient to ensure the aforesaid vessel being always kept full of liquid. The
lighter liquid on reaching the top of the vessel flows off at a suitable opening
and both the heavier and lighter liquids may be received into suitable receptacles
where they may be cooled or otherwise treated as may be required. Taps, valves
or other suitable devices may be employed in the inlet or outlet pipes or passages
to regulate the volumes of the two streams of liquid passing through the vessel so
as to secure the best results.
It is obvious, that the above described apparatus is suitable for washing one

page_text: liquid with another of different density, as for example the washing of oil with
water or other liquid, the purification of spirit, benzine and so forth.
Dated this 28th day of August 1895.
J. G. CALVERT,
Per W. H. Beck,
115 Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.
New or Improved Means and Apparatus for Bringing into Intimate
Contact with each other Liquids of Different Densities.
I, JAMES GARDNER CALVERT, of 38 Kyrkogatan, Gothenberg, in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to means and apparatus for bringing liquids of different
densities or specific gravities into intimate contact with each other, that is to say
for churning, agitating or mixing them together for any purpose, such as that of
transferring something contained in one liquid to another liquid, or to wash one
liquid with another; for instance, in the manufacture of margarine, it is customary
to churn, agitate, or mix together the fatty substances intended to form the
margarine, with milk in order to impart to such fatty substances the aroma of
milk, for the purpose of giving thereto a buttery flavour and scent; and my
improved apparatus is well adapted for such a purpose.
In my improved apparatus I utilize the different densities or specific gravities
of the liquids to establish counter currents; that is to say currents or streams of
the liquids travelling in opposite directions in close contact with each other; by
which means the transfer of the substance or aroma from the one liquid to the
other is effected much more completely and continuously than has been possible
by the means heretofore in use. My said improved apparatus consists of arrange-
ments of the kind illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which is a diagrammatic
sectional elevation of an apparatus suited for treating fatty matters with milk in
the manufacture of margarine.
A is a cylindrical, or other suitably shaped vessel, which may be called an
interchanger, or washer, according to the purpose for which it is to be used. It is
preferably of considerable height in proportion to its diameter, and is provided,
or not, according to circumstances, with suitable rotatory or other churning,
agitating, or mixing devices such as those shown, by way of example, at B in the
drawing. The lighter liquid, such as the melted fat used in the manufacture of
margarine, is admitted from an elevated reservoir C, by a pipe D into the
aforesaid vessel A, at a point near the bottom thereof, and the heavier liquid,
such as the milk used in the same manufacture, from an elevated reservoir E, by
a pipe F, into the said vessel at a point near the top thereof. The heavier liquid
falls, by reason of its higher specific gravity, downwards through the vessel A,
and the lighter liquid rises, by reason of its lower specific gravity, upwards
through the said vessel, and consequently through the descending heavier liquid;
the two liquids are thereby brought into very intimate contact with each other and
the aroma of the milk is transferred to the fat by reason of the well known property
possessed by the latter substance of readily taking up or absorbing aromas aud
scents.
The beavier liquid on reaching the bottom of the vessel A is drawn off therefrom
in any suitable way, for example, through a pipe G which is carried up to a height
sufficient to ensure the aforesaid vessel A being always kept full of liquid. The

page_text: lighter liquid, on reaching the top of the vessel A, may flow off through a pipe or
spout H; and both the heavier and lighter liquids may be received into suitable
receptacles where they may be cooled, or otherwise treated as may be required.
Taps or valves I, J, may be employed in the inlet pipes or passages D, F, to.
regulate the volumes of the two streams of liquid entering the vessel A, so as to
secure the best results. In the apparatus above described the vessel A is supposed
to be closed at the top with an airtight cover, it may however be left open, and
the regulation of the volumes of the two streams of liquid may be effected in
either case by taps or valves placed in the inlet pipes or passages, or by taps or
valves placed in the outlet pipes or passages G, H, as may be preferred.
It is obvious that the above described apparatus is suitable for washing one.
liquid with another of different density, as, for example, the washing of oil with
water or other liquid, the purification of spirit, benzine, and so forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The means for bringing into intimate contact with each other liquids of
different densities which consist in causing the heavier liquids to descend through
the lighter, and the lighter to rise through the heavier so as to establish continuous.
counter currents or streams of the liquids travelling in opposite directions in close
contact with each other, substantially as described.
Second. Apparatus for bringing into intimate contact with each other liquids of
different densities, which consists of a vessel provided, or not, according to.
circumstances, with churning, agitating, or mixing devices, means for admitting
the heavier liquid, in regulated quantity, into the upper part of such vessel, and.
for withdrawing the same from the lower part thereof, and means for admitting.
the lighter liquid, in regulated quantity, into the lower part of such vessel, and.
for withdrawing the same from the upper part thereof, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of May 1800.
LOTA
10 Con o su na
J. G. CALVERT,
Per W. H. Beck,
115 Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent..