IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND FOLDING PAPER
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND
FOLDING PAPER "-A communication from abroad by Andrew
Campbell, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th July 1875.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS MACHINERY FOR
CUTTING AND FOLDING PAPER," to be as follows
-
The improved machinery, which forms the subject of the present
Invention, consists principally of a series of blades attached to shafts
which not only rotate on their own axis, but also have a planetary

page_text: epicycloidal motion is imparted to the edges of the cutting blades, which
are made to cut over the edge of a recess in a roller. The folding blades
fold the paper by pressing it down between two rollers, over which the
sheet of paper is brought.
The diagram in the accompanying Drawing will illustrate the peculiar
epicycloidal motion of the edge of the blades. The blades whether used
for cutting or folding act in precisely the same manner.
a is a central shaft, on which is mounted a wheel indicated by the
black circular line b. This wheel carries one or more horizontal shafts c,
to which the cutting or folding blades care attached. Each of the
shafts c (if there is more than one) has a toothed wheel or pinion
indicated by the small dotted circle d keyed thereon, so that it may bo
carried round by the large wheel b The pinion or pinions & gear into a
stationary wheel e provided with internal teeth, and therefore when the
shaft a and wheel arc rotated in the direction of the large arrow b¹ the
small toothed wheel & will be rotated in the direction of the arrow d',
and as the cutting or folding blade c¹ is carried round its working or
outer edge will be made to describe a path such as that indicated by the
red lines f,f, and in so doing will carry the forward edge of the blade e¹
down between the two mipping rollers g, g, in the case of a folding
operation, or into a longitudinal groove made in a long roller in the case
of cutting or dividing a continuous length of paper into sheets. The
paper to be folded will have been carried forward by means of suitable
gearing in the ordinary manner over the rollers g, g, as indicated by the
blue lines h, h, and when the sheet is doubled up by the blade c¹ and
pressed into the nip of the rollers g, g, the latter will carry down the
doubled up shect in the direction of the anow, when it may be
received by a fly frame and deposited on a table in the ordinary manner,
or it may be conducted to another folding apparatus and doubled up
again in a direction at right angles to the former fold.
For cutting or dividing a continuous length of paper into separate
sheets a roller with a longitudinal groove made in its periphery is used
-in place of the rollers g, g, and the blade c¹ by plunging into this long
groove will divide or cut the paper
The essential feature of novelty in the Invention is imparting to the
edge of the blade an epicycloidal motion, such as that shewn, so that the

page_text: working edge may at the proper moment plunge downwards and bo
quickly withdrawn.
Any arrangement of gearing that will impart the required motion to
the blade will answer the purpose, but I prefer the sun-and-planet
motion as being most convenient
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th January 1876
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Ilerself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Hemy Edward Newton,
Her special licence that I, the said Henry Edward Newton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND
FOLDING PAPER," being a communication to me from abroad by Andrew
Campbell, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: HOW TO 1, 1, he said Henry DaWATⱭ INCW, DY
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :—
The first part of this Invention relates to apparatus for folding paper,
and consists in a blade or blades attached to a shaft which has a
planetary motion, so that it rotates about its own axis while revolving
around a
main axis, thus giving to the edges of cach blade an
epicycloidal movement, and so that it enters in between duplicate rollers
to effect the fold in the paper as the latter is fed over or against the one
side of said rollers, which draw the paper when creased or folded by the
blade in between them The paper thus acted upon may either be
supplied in the sheet or in the roll, but it will here be described as taken
from-a-roll.
Another part of the Invention relates to the cutting of paper as fed
from a roll or otherwise, and consists in a blade attached to a shaft
which has a planetary motion, that is, rotates about its own axis while
revolving around a main axis, and which is arranged to operate in com-
bination with the edge of a notch or recess in a roller.
Still another part of the Invention consists in a combination in the
one apparatus of such folding and cutting devices, and the description
of the Invention as shown by the Drawing will here be made with
reference to the combination in the one apparatus of the first and second
parts of the Invention, and as illustrating the cutting and folding of
paper supplied from a roll, but the improved folding device may be
used irrespective of the improved cutting device or in connection with
any suitable cutting device, or the improved cutting device may be used
irrespective of the improved folding device or in connection with any
suitable folding device.
The Invention is applicable to cutting and folding paper for different
purposes, including the cutting and folding of paper as it is delivered
from a printing press. Duplicate folding devices differently arranged
may be used for folding the paper in a direction at right angles to the
first fold, but such duplication it will be unnecessary here to describe.

page_text: By this Invention great simplicity of parts is combined with the most
perfect accuracy as regards both the cutting and folding of the paper,
and by it such work may be done with economy and dispatch. }
The nature and object of the Invention will be better understood by
reference to Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, which is a diagram
representing the motions of the folding blade and cutting knife. The
blades, whether used for cutting or folding, act in precisely the same
manner.
a is a central shaft, on which is mounted a wheel indicated by the
black circular line b. This wheel carrics one or more horizontal shafts c,
to which the cutting or folding blades c' are attached. Each of the
shafts c (if there is more than one) has a toothed wheel or pinion
indicated by the small dotted circle d keycd thereon, so that it may be
carried round by the large wheel b. The pinion or pinions d gcar into a
stationary wheel e provided with internal teeth, and therefore when the
shaft a and the wheel are rotated in the direction of the large arrow b¹
the small toothed wheel & will be rotated in the direction of the arrow d¹,
and as the cutting or folding blade c¹ is carried round its working or
outer edge will be made to describe a path such as that indicated by the
red lines, and in so doing will carry the forward edge of the blade c¹
down between the two nipping rollers g, g, in the case of a folding
operation, or into a longitudinal groove made in a long roller in the case
of cutting or dividing a continuous length of paper into sheets. The
paper to be folded will have been carried forward by means of suitable
gearing in the ordinary manner over the rollers g, g, as indicated by the
blue lines h, h, and when the sheet is doubled up by the blade c¹, and
passed into the nip of the rollers g, g, the latter will carry down the
doubled-up sheet in the direction of the arrow h', when it may be
received by a fly frame, and deposited on a table in the ordinary manner,
or it may be conducted to another folding apparatus, and doubled up
again in a direction at right angles to the former fold.
Fig 1, Sheet II., represents an end view of an apparatus for cutting
and folding paper constructed in accordance with the Invention, the
main frame being broken away or removed, Fig 2 is a central vertical
longitudinal section of the same, but showing the cutting and folding
blades in different positions.

page_text: i
Fig. 3, Sheet III, is a transverse section through the line x, x, but
upon a smaller scale, and showing the folding blade as in the act or
making the fold
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the cutting blade as in the act of cutting
the folded paper
Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 4, but showing the cutting blade
after it has made the cut, and as removing the cut edge of the paper
from out of the recess in the notched roller, against which the cutting
blade acts
Fig 6 is a view showing a double-bladed folder that may be used if
desired instead of a single folding blade.
A is the main or stationary frame of the apparatus, and B a revolving
main shaft working in bearings thereon. This shaft carries a revolving
frame composed of circular cnd pieces C, C, united by stretchers b, b,
and having journal boxes c, c, on their peripherics for the folder shaft D
and cutter shaft E These Journal boxes may be adjustable, and the
shafts D and E extend from end to end or across and beyond the
revolving frame. Said shafts D and E are cach provided at their ono
end on the same side of the revolving frame with a spur wheel or
pinion F, which gears into an internal stationary circular rack G on the
one side of the stationary frame, the proportions of the said pinions F
and the circular rack being such that the said shafts complete a certain
number of rotations on their own axis during one revolution with the
main shaft B By these means the shafts D and E have planetary
motions, that is, 1otate about their own axes while revolving around the
axis of the shaft B when the latter is rotated or set in motion. The
shaft D has attached to it a radial folding blade D¹, the edge of which,
by the planetary motion of its shaft as described has an epicycloidal
movement, and so that once in each revolution of the shaft B it enters
in between duplicate folding rollers H, I, to crease or fold the paper S,
as iepresented in Fig. 3, the paper being supposed to be fed or drawn
from a roll over a guide roller K, under a roller L, and back round a
roller M to the one or inner side of the rollers II, I, which latter draw
the paper after being creased or folded by the blade D in between and
through or beyond them, as shewn in Fig 4
The rollers L, M, H, and I have positive motions, as indicated by
their respective arrows, to feed and draw or take away the paper as

page_text: required. These motions are produced by gearing f, g, h, 2, and k (see
Fig 1) from a toothed wheel N on the one circular end piece C of the
revolving frame, and the velocitics of the several wheels f, g, h, 2, and k
are so proportioned relatively to the wheel N that the folding blade D'
will act at the required time in the feed of the paper. The folding
action of the blade D¹ commences as the said blade begins to enter
between the rollers H and I, and is completed when the axis of the
shaft D and said blade are in a plane perpendicular to a plane passing
through the axes of the rollers H and I, at which time the blade is
radial to the axis of the main shaft B, as shown in Fig. 3.
It is necessary that the shaft D should be geared and rotated, so that
the blade D' during each revolution of the frame C, C, U, V, shall be
radial to the shaft B when its own shaft D is exactly opposite the centre
space between the rollers H, I, in order that the said blade will properly
enter in between said rollers to crease or fold the paper
The shaft D may have duplicate or opposite folding blades D', D³, as
shown in Fig 6, but in such case the said shaft instead of completing a
certain number of rotations on its own axis during one revolution of the
main shaft should make a number of whole revolutions, and one half of
a rotation on its axis during each of its revolutions with the main shaft,
in order to bring its blades alternately in folding position with the
rollers H, I.
After the paper S has been creased or folded by the blade D' operating
in combination with the rollers H, I, said rollers draw the paper between
them doubled, as shown in Fig. 4, and in due course, that is, after the
necessary amount of folded paper to form a sheet has passed between
the rolls H, I, a cutting blado E' comes round, and acting on the paper
opposite the edge of a notch or recess m (which may be faced with
steel) in the roller H cuts the folded paper, as shown in Fig 4. This
cutting blade E¹ is fast on the shaft E, which also has a planetary
motion, as herein-beforo described, that is, rotates about its own axis as
well as revolves around the axis of the shaft B by means of the pinion F
on its shaft and stationary circular rack G. The rotation of this cutting
blade E and of the roller H. should be so proportioned that said blade
will operate to cut the paper when passing the one or acting edge of the
notch or recess m in said roller Such cutting blade must have its
position at a distance from the rotating folding blade or blades around
the revolving frame C, C, b, b, to correspond with the required length

page_text: or breadth, as it may be, of the folded sheet. After said blade E
has cut the folded paper it operates by the combined rotation of the
roller H and rotation of the shaft E on its own axis conjointly with its
continued motion around the axis of the shaft B to lift or remove the
cut edge of the remaining or supply portion of the paper from out of 5
the notch m, so that it is free to be drawn or fed down or over the one
and same side of the rollors H, I,.to repeat or continue the cutting and
folding of the paper, as before.
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner 1
of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me
by Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
First. Mounting the folding blade or cutting knife on an axle, so
arranged that the said blade or knife with its axle will be carried round
a central axle, and thus impart to the forward edge of the blade or knife 1
the peculiar epicycloidal motion herein set forth.
Second A cutting blade having an epicycloidal and revolving motion,
as described, in combination with a roller having a notch or recess, over
or against the edge of which the cutting blade acts to sever the paper,
essentially as described.
Third. I claim the use of a folding blade having an epicycloidal and
revolving motion, as described, in combination with rollers having
positive rotary motions for the purpose of carrying away the folded
sheets when it is thrust between them, as set forth.
2
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have here- 2
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of January,
m the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and
seventy-six.