IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR ROOFING."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR ROOFING."-A communication
from abroad by Egmond Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, in the

page_text: any suitable material, such as wool, cotton, flax, or other fibrous nature,
or a mixture of the same, and of the desired length and width, is put in
a kettle or boiler filled with coal tar or Stockholm tar, peat tar, or other
such bituminous substance, free or partly free from water. To this is
added if desired (but this is not absolutely necessary) a certain quantity
of Limmer asphalt and powdered silicate of soda and potash, or "liquid
flint"
or Farnham rock, finely powdered, or other soluble or insoluble
silicious earth. The pasteboard is boiled for about 10 to 15 minutes and
then removed from the boiler. It is then passed through a pair of
rollers, and then passes a box filled with sand alone, or sand and certain
parts of powdered silica of soda or potash, or powdered flint or Farnham
rock, or other soluble or insoluble silicious earth. The pasteboard is
then passed through another pair of rollers in order to cause the sand
and other materials to adhere properly, or I remove the superfluous
silicates by brushing it, or remove them in any desirable way to diminish
the weight of the ready made pasteboard.
=
After the pasteboard has been dried in the open air or by artificial
heat it is ready for use. The rollers must then be brushed in order to
be ready for the next lot of pasteboard.
When the roofing pasteboard has been fastened to the boards,
Erichsen's India mastic is applied in the following manner:—It is
heated to a fluid and painted over the whole surface, and coarse sand
alone, or sand and Portland cement, hydraulic lime or Farnham rock, or
any kind of charcoal or ashes, or other soluble or insoluble earth, or
powdered glass or powdered flint, either raw or burnt, is worked into a
the heated mastic coating.
The India mastic consists of coal tar, free or partly free from water,
Limmer asphalt, or other bituminous carth, a certain quantity of
Portland cement or hydraulic lime, Farnham rock, or any kind of
charcoal or ashes, or other soluble or insoluble earths. These materials 3
are boiled together while being well stirred, and then put into casks of
the desired size.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
5 JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer
and Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her special licence
that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MATERIALS FOR ROOFING," (a communication to me from abroad by Egmond
Julius Erichsen, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Merchant
and Manufacturer), upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Peter Jensen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should,
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
These improvements refer to and consist in new material or materials
for roofing, and are as follows:- -The roofing material consists of the
following substances prepared all as hereafter described. The best paste-
board made from rags, old rope, or Manilla hemp, or mixture of the same,
or cloth of any suitable material, such as wool, cotton, flax, or other

page_text: fibry material or mixture of the same, and of the desired length and
width, is put into a kettle, cauldron, or boiler filled with coal tar, or
Finland wood tar, peat tar, or other bituminous oil, free or partly free
from water. To this is added if desired but this is not absolutely
necessary a certain quantity of Limmer asphalt or other asphalt of a
similar nature, and a certain quantity of powdered silicate of soda and
potash or liquid flint, or Farnham rock, finely powdered, or other soluble
or insoluble silicious earth. The following proportions have been found
suitable, namely, 90 or 85 parts coal tar, Findland wood tar, peat tar, or
other bituminous oil, free or partly free from water; 5 parts of Limmer
asphalt, 5 parts of dry silicate of soda or potash (or 10 parts of liquid
flint of a specific gravity of 1.6); or in some instances I diminish the
quantities of the Limmer asphalt, soluble or insoluble silicate of soda
or potash (or liquid flint of a specific gravity of 1.6), and add more coal
tar, Finland wood tar, peat tar, or other bituminous oil, free or partly
free from water; or I boil the pasteboard in coal tar, Finland wood tar,
peat tar, or other bituminous oil, free or partly free from water alone.
The pasteboard is boiled in this mixture or composition for about 10 to
15 minutes and then removed from the cauldron or boiler. It is then
passed through a pair of rolls, and is then sanded by passing through a
box filled with sand alone, or sand and certain parts of powdered silicate
of soda or silicate of potash, or powdered burnt flint or Farnham rock
or other soluble or insoluble silicious earth. It has been ascertained
that an admixture to the sand of 5 per cent. of dry silicate or 10 per
cent. of Farnham rock or other soluble or insoluble silicious earth or
burnt flint answers the purpose well, but sand alone can answer the
purpose. The pasteboard is then passed through another pair of rolls in
order to cause the sand and other materials to adhere properly, or I
remove the superfluous silicates by brushing it, or remove them in any
desirable way to diminish the weight of the ready made pasteboard.
After the pasteboard thus prepared has been dried in the open air or
by artificial heat it is ready for use. The rolls must be brushed in order
to be ready for the next lot of pasteboard.
When the roofing pasteboard has been fastened to the boards
Erichsen's India mastic is applied in the following manner:-It is
heated to a fluid and painted over the whole surface, and coarse sand
alone, or sand and Portland cement, hydraulic lime or Farnham rock,
or any kind of charcoal or ashes, or other soluble or insoluble silicious

page_text: earth, or powdered glass or powdered flint, either raw or burnt, is worked
into the heated mastic coating.
The India mastic consists of the following materials in or about
the following proportions:-45 per cent. of coal tar or Finland wood
tar, peat tar, or other bituminous oil, free or partly free from water;
5 per cent. of Limmer or other asphalt or other bituminous earth;
40 per cent. of Portland cement or hydraulic lime, and 10 per cent.
of Farnham rock or less, or 5 per cent. or more or less of any
of charcoal or ashes, or 45 per cent. of coal tar, or Finland wood tar,
peat tar, or other bituminous oil, free or partly free from water; 45 per
cent. of Portland cement or hydraulic lime, and 5 per cent. of dry
silicate.
kind
The various mixtures may be added more or less, or not according
to the various climates where the material has to be used. The
sand which is worked into the mastic may be used by itself, or there
may be added to it suitable admixtures of silicate of soda or potash,
powdered glass or flint, or Farnham rock, or other soluble or insoluble
silicious earth. The aforesaid materials are boiled together while being
well stirred, and then put into casks of the desired size.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
DEALD TENSEN