AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING SUGAR, CALLED GLUCOSE AND SYRUP DE FECULE' FROM POTATOES, OR FECULA OR STARCH, OR DEXTRINE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexandre Manbré, of No. 10, Rathbone Place,
Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Brewer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING SUGAR, CALLED
GLUCOSE AND SYRUP DE FECULE' FROM POTATOES, OR FECULA OR STARCH,
OR DEXTRINE."
Sealed the 20th March 1860, and dated the 20th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexandre Manbré at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th September 1859.
I, ALEXANDRE MANBRE, of 10, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING SUGAR CALLED
GLUCOSE AND SIRUP DE FECULE' FROM POTATOES, OR FECULA OR STARCH, OR
DEXTRINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended for the use of brewers, distillers, vinegar
makers, coloring makers, and others, and consists, first, in the saccharification
of a mixture composed of nine parts of potatoes, or fecula or starch, or dex-
trine, with one part of flour from rice or maize, together with forty parts of
water, in which has been diluted diastases or germinated barley called malt, or
sulphuric acid, or any other agent or acid whatever, capable of converting

page_text: starch or flour into saccharine matter by the action of heat. For that purpose
I, in a vessel or apparatus of any suitable kind and capacity capable of being
heated by a naked fire or otherwise, place twenty parts of water, in which is
diluted the quantity sufficient of any of the acids as herein above described;
in order to obtain the conversion of the above described mixture into sugar, the
water is heated gradually up to about 185° Fahrenheit, stirring being maintained
the whole time, then the twenty other parts of water also heated at 60° Fah-
renheit, in which the aforesaid mixture has been diluted, is gradually poured
into the vessel to be mixed with the acidulated water, stirring being always
maintained the whole time, as well as the heating at 185° Fahrenheit, in
order that the heat may be equally diffused throughout the mass until the
aforesaid mixture is completely converted into sugar, when the said mixture is
so thoroughly saccharified, a quantity of carbonate of lime or quicklime is
gradually poured into the vessel until the aforesaid acid employed is totally
neutralized ; then the heat is suddenly stopped, and the saccharified mixture is
allowed to remain in or drawn into another vessel to settle from two hours and
upwards, according to the temperature of the external air, during which period
the sulphate of lime, and other residues and impurities are collected and
deposited to the bottom of the vessel; then the saccharified liquid is drawn off
and conveyed through a woollen filter, and received in a vessel called receiver,
from which it is drawn off and received in a copper called clarifier; when the
clarifier is filled a quantity of lime water, also of bullocks' blood is poured
into the copper; the juice is heated gradually till it approaches within a few
degrees of the heat of boiling water, which heat is maintained till the impu-
rities are coagulated and collected on the surface in the appearance of a thick
scum of a tenacious gummy nature, then the juice is drawn off and conveyed
through a filter of burnt bones, and received in another copper to repeat the
same operation of purifying; as the lees and feculencies are never entirely
removed by a first process a second is necessary, then a fresh quantity of
blood, but less than at first, is poured into the copper, the heat is renewed, the
animal substance seizes and coagulates the remaining impurities, collects them on
'the surface, and they are then skimmed off; the juice is then conveyed through
a filter as herein below described, and after being thus quite clarified & freed
from every impurity it appears transparent, then the solution is received into a
copper to undergo the operation called evaporation and concentration, the
heat is applied to the copper, and the solution is boiled till it has acquired the
proper degree of consistency required to obtain the sugar in a-state of syrup,
or mass or hardness, or granulation; second, in'improved purifying processes,
and filtering apparatus of any suitable 'kind 'änd capacity, capable of 'being

page_text: hermetically closed, and furnished with a perforated false bottom, upon which
is placed wire gauze covered with layers of woollen felt, flannel, burnt bones,
charcoal, and "chyste bitumeux," upon which is placed another layer of wire
gauze, the whole to be closely covered over with a layer of woollen cloth well.
stretched. Supposing the apparatus charged with the saccharified liquid or
juice, then air or steam, or any other agent is introduced in over the mass
through a cock provided for the purpose, when the saccharified liquid is forced
through the filter and perforated false bottom, from which it comes out com-
pletely clarified and freed from any other acid; then it is received into a copper
or any other vessel for undergoing the operations called evaporation, con-
centration, and granulation as usually practised, or instead of introducing any
agent from above to force the saccharified liquid through the filter a pump or
vacum may be employed to draw it through it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexandre Manbré in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDRE
MANBRE, of No 10, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Brewer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing.date the Twentieth day of September, in the. year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alexandre Manbré, Her special license that I, the said
Alexandre Manbré, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others,
as I, the said Alexandre Manbré, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING SUGAR CALLED GLUCOSE
AND SYRUP DE FECULE FROM POTATOES, OR FECULA OR STARCH, OR DEXTRINE,
FOR THE PURPOSES AND USES OF BREWERS, DISTILLERS, VINEGAR MAKERS, COLORING
MAKERS, OR OTHERWISE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexandre Manbré, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexandre Manbré, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the extracting and purifying of glucose, and the
manner of performing the same is as follows:-I effect the saccharification of
a mixture composed of nine parts of potatoes or fecula, or starch or dextrine;
with one part of flour from rice or maize, together with forty parts of water;"
in which has been diluted diastases or germinated barley called malt, or sul-
phuric acid, or any other agent or acid whatever, capable of converting starch
or flour into saccharine matter by the action of heat. For that purpose I
place in a vessel or apparatus of any suitable kind and capacity, capable of.
being heated by a naked fire or otherwise, twenty parts of water, in which is
diluted one of the agents or acids as herein above mentioned. For this pur-
pose I employ by weight about one part of diastases for one thousand parts of
the mixture, or from twenty to twenty-five parts of malt for one hundred
parts of the mixture, or from one to two parts of sulphuric acid for one hundred
parts of the mixture, but these proportions may be varied, and the same object-
obtained as is well understood by chemists for the conversion of the above described
mixture into sugar. The water is heated gradually up to about 185° Fahren-
heit, stirring being maintained the whole time, then the twenty other parts of
water also heated at 60° Fahrenheit, in which has the aforesaid mixture of
nine parts of potatoes or fecula, or starch or dextrine, with one part of flour
from rice or maize been diluted, is gradually poured into the vessel to be
mixed with the prepared accidulated water, stirring been always maintained
the whole time, as well as the heating at 185° Fahrenheit, in order that the
heat may be equally diffused throughout the mass until the said mixture is
completely converted into sugar. When the said mixture is thus thoroughly.
saccharified, a quantity of carbonate of lime or quicklime, or any other agent
is gradually poured into the vessel until the aforesaid acid employed is neu-
tralized; the heat is then suddenly stopped, and the saccharified mixture is
allowed to remain in, or drawn into another vessel to settle for from two
hours and upwards according to the temperature of the external air, during
which period almost all the sulphate of lime, and other residues and impurities
are collected and deposited at the bottom of the vessel. The saccharified liquid-
is then drawn off, and conveyed through a woollen filter, and received in a

page_text: vessel called receiver, from which it is drawn off and received in a copper.
called clarifier. When the clarifier. is filled, a quantity of lime water, also of
burnt bones, and of bullocks' blood is poured into the copper, the saccharified.
liquid is heated gradually till it approaches within a few degrees of the heat
of boiling water, which heat is maintained till the impurities are coagulated
and collected on the surface in the appearance of a thick scum of a tenacious
gummy nature, which scum is skimmed off, then the saccharified liquid is
drawn off and conveyed. through a burnt bones filter, and received in another
copper to repeat the same operation of clarifying until all lees and impurities.
are removed. A fresh quantity of burnt bones and of blood, with a quantity
of milk and.of.bisulphite of lime is then poured into the copper, the heat is
renewed as at first, and the remaining impurities are seized, coagulated, and
collected on the surface and skimmed off; the saccharified liquid is conveyed
again through a burnt bones filter, and received in another vessel of any suit-
able kind and capacity, capable of being hermetically closed, to undergo the
operation of saturating the saccharified liquid from the sulphate of lime re-
maining in it; for that purpose when the apparatus is charged with the said-
saccharified liquid, a quantity required of oxalate of ammoniaca is introduced
through a cock and forced throughout the said saccharified liquid, and
the sulphate of lime is immediately seized and coagulated, but remaining
in suspension in the said saccharified liquid. The said liquid is then
passed through a filter as herein-after described, from which it comes out
completely clarified, and freed from the sulphate of lime and every other acid;
it is then received in a copper or any other apparatus to undergo evaporation
and concentration: the heat is applied to the copper, and the liquid is boiled
till it has acquired the proper degree of consistency required to obtain the
sugar either in a state of syrup or mass, or hardness or granulation as usually
practised. The filtering apparatus which I employ is of any suitable kind
and capacity capable of being hermetically closed, and furnished with a
perforated false bottom, upon which is placed wire gauze covered with layers
of woollen, felt, and flannel, upon which is placed a mixture composed of seven
parts of animal charcoal, two parts of wood charcoal, and one part of burnt
bitumous schiste; the whole to be covered with another wire gauze, and covered
over with layers of woollen and felt well stretched. Supposing the apparatus
5 charged with the saccharified liquid or juice, then air or steam, or any other
agent is introduced in over the mass through a cock provided for the purpose,
when the saccharified liquid is forced through the filter and perforated false
bottom, from which it comes out completely clarified and freed from every
acid; then it appears quite transparent, and received in a copper or any other

page_text: vessel to undergo the operation of evaporation and concentration as usually
practised. Or instead of introducing any agent from above to force the
saccharified liquid through the filter, a pump or vacuum may be employed to
draw it through it.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
as of my Invention, or the exclusive use of the processes or apparatus herein-
before described or referred to when taken separately, or except when em-
ployed for the purpose of my said Invention, which I hereby declare to consist
in the extracting and purifying glucose in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexandre Manbré, hath hereunto set
my hand and seal; the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
ALEXANDRE MANBRE. (L.S.)
Witness,