CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS OR VALVES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES, JOURNALS, BEARINGS, OR OTHER RUBBING SURFACES IN MACHINERY IN GENERAL
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHRISTIAN
SCHIELE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanician, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-third day of November, in the twelfth year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Christian Schiele, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Christian Schiele, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Christian Schiele, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in all the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, and also within all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS OR VALVES,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR REDUCING THE FRICTION OF AXLES,
JOURNALS, BEARINGS, OR OTHER RUBBING SURFACES IN MACHINERY IN GENERAL;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Chris-
tian Schiele, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next

page_text: and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as-in-and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Christian Schiele, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following explanation thereof (that is to
say) —
My improvements apply principally to cocks or valves, and to axles, jour.
nals, bearings, or other rubbing surfaces in machinery which have to bear a
pressure in the direction of their axes.
My Invention consists in the application of a curved form (instead of a
rectilinear form usually employed) to the construction of cocks and valves, and
also to the construction of axles, journals, bearings, or other rubbing surfaces
in machinery in general, in order to reduce their friction and consequent wear
and tear.
In order more distinctly to illustrate my Invention, and the practical
application thereof to the above purposes, I have attached to these presents a
Sheet of Drawings, and have marked the same with figures and letters of
reference corresponding with those in the following description thereof :-The
nature of the curve which I prefer as generally the most suitable for the con-
struction of the said curved form consists in having every tangent of the same
length from the touching point to the point of intersection with the axis of the
curve, as will be hereafter more fully explained.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents a plan and end view of a
small apparatus for describing such a curve. a, a, is a small wooden slide, to
which the rod b, b, is jointed by means of a pin c. d is a slide or bush, to which
a drawing pen is affixed, and e, e, is a ruler, along the edge of which the slide a
is to be guided. If the slide a and rod b, b, be so placed that the pin c shall be
at f, and the pen d at the point g; the centre line. at the rod b, b, will then be
over the dotted line g, f, at a right angle with the dotted line 1, n; and if the
slide a be then guided along the edge of the ruler e, e, the pin c will move
along the dotted 7, n, dragging the pen d after it, which in travelling over an
horizontal plane will describe the curved line h, m. The pen can be moved
upon the rod 6 to the proper distance for the curve required, and is kept in
that and in a vertical position by a spring which fits in a groove. 1, n, is the
axis of the curve, and g, f, h, l, m, n, represent some of the tangents. above
mentioned.
Fig. 2 represents a vertical section of the shell of a stopcock, showing the

page_text: application of my Invention to the seats or surfaces of contact of the same.
The dotted lines near the top of the plug a represent a groove in the plug for
the reception of a key.
Fig. 3 represents the application of my Invention to the seats or surfaces of
contact of lift valves for pumps, &c.
Fig. 4 shews the application of my Invention to the journal and bearing of a
regulator for a locomotive engine, to be used instead of a stuffing box. a is part
of the boiler of a locomotive engine; b is the spindle of the regulator, and c is
the journal; & is the bearing, and e is the lever or handle by which the regulator
is turned. The spindle is furnished on that end which is inside the boiler
with a square hole for the reception of the squared end of a rod 9, which has
to transmit the motion to the valve.
Fig. 5 shews the application of my Invention to the journals and centres of
turning lathes.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew the application of my Invention to axles on the parts
a, b, c. Here the pressure acts only at intervals in the direction of the axis,
and must, therefore, be borne separately. The difference of their construction
from that commonly in use will be seen on comparing Figs. 6 and 7 with
Figs. 8 and 9.
Figs. 10 and 11 shew the application of my Invention to pivots or axes for
astronomical, or surveying, or other such instruments for comparison: see
Fig. 12, which shows a mode of construction now commonly in use. The
curved form, as shewn in Fig. 11, is also applicable to footsteps of upright
shafts, &c.
Fig. 13 shews the application of my Invention to the construction of the
threads of screws. When the pressure against the surfaces to be constructed
in the mode described acts in the direction of the axes of such surfaces, then
I commence the construction of the curve with that part which is shewn in
Fig. 1, at 9: for examples see Fig. 2, at b, c, and d; Figs. 3 and 4, at c, d,
and i; Figs. 6 and 7, at a, b, c; Fig. 11 and Fig. 13. When part of the
pressure acts from the side, I commence with such a part of the curve which
in its inclination to the axis would give the best resistance to the middle
pressure of the combined forces: for examples see Fig. 2, at a; Fig. 4, at
h, h; Fig. 5, at a and b, and Fig. 10.
Having thus described the nature and object of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would remark that my
improvements include the application of all curved forms diverging from forms
hitherto in use, towards the described curved form for the purposes set forth.