IMPROVEMENTS IN BRASSES AND FRAMES FOR ROLLERS FOR CALEN- DERING AND SIMILAR MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRASSES AND FRAMES FOR ROLLERS FOR CALEN-
DERING AND SIMILAR MACHINERY." A communication from Friedrich Voith,
of the Firm of T. M. Voith, residing at Heidenheim, in the Kingdom of Würt-
temberg
Sealed the 7th August 1877, and dated the 14th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1877.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRASSES AND
FRAMES FOR ROLLERS FOR CALENDERING AND SIMILAR MACHINERY." A com-
munication from Friedrich Voith, of the Firm of T. M. Voith, residing at Heiden-
heim, in the Kingdom of Württemberg.
According to my Invention I construct a housing frame or standard to receive
two or more rolls, which are to lie exactly parallel, whereby the line drawn through
the roll centres may be perpendicular, horizontal, or inclined to any degree.
The said Invention comprises the cylindrical boring of the standards to form a
guide and support for the roll bearings, also the use of sliding blocks as a medium
for the support of the bearings, and the connection of the sliding blocks to the
bearings by means of a pin and a bolt or bolts, which can be easily screwed fast, or
provided with shoulders to allow the bearing to swing freely on the said pin.
My Invention is applicable in all cases where for any purpose two or more rolls
are used, one above another, or side by side. For example, to calenders for paper,
cotton, or jute, to smoothing rolls on paper machines, to starching mangles, and wet
calenders for finishers, and the like.
It is also applicable to rolls of any construction or material, such as, for example,
chilled rolls, ordinary cast-iron rolls, paper rolls, brass rolls, and those of cotton
yarn or cocoa-nut fibre.
As an illustration of this Invention I will describe its application to a so-called
rolling calendar for paper, with two pairs of chilled rolls and two paper rolls.

page_text: •
The roll supports consist of two standards cast hollow, and bored out exactly
perpendicular to the foundation plate, and each having a slit on the side towards
the rolls. In these bored cylinders there is inserted for each bearing a cylindrical
sliding piece turned to fit on the latter. On one side a segment is cut away in such
a manner that a plane parallel to the axis of the cylinder is formed, which is rather
narrower than the slit in the frame. Against this plane the bearing is held by a
bolt or bolts. At the same time a pin, or the bearing fitting accurately into a hole
bored in the sliding piece, prevents any pushing apart of the two pieces while
allowing them to turn.
This construction offers the following advantages
The rolls are easily changed, and there is generally perfect accessibility to all
moving parts and parts subject to wear.
Every single roll may be taken away directly by loosening the bolts which connect
the bearings to the two sliding pieces.
The rolls lying above the roll to be taken out must be held fast by the lifting 1
screws; these lifting screws pass through all the sliding pieces, and by means of the
washer and the nut underneath it every sliding piece can be lifted up from its
neighbour, and held till the roll which has been taken out is returned or replaced
with a spare one.
Every roll bearing is a so-called universal bearing, that is to say, it may turn in
all directions, and adapt itself exactly to the journals of the rolls, so that heating
will be prevented, friction diminished, and the wearing away of bearing and journal
to a great extent prevented. The lower bearing also lies on a planed surface of the
standard, and has its lower surface turned concentric with the journal, and has
therefore the same advantages as the others.
If two rolls do not work directly on each other, which is the case with paper
calenders with four chilled and two paper rolls, the surfaces are turned exactly to
the same diameter and concentric with the journal, and thereby the exact parallelisin
of the rolls and the flexibility of the bearings, as well as the weight of all on the
lower roll, are secured.
The side pressure which the rolls when in operation exert on the bearings is
almost nothing in my construction, and has no influence upon the proper position of
the bearings as in the ordinary constructions in use, especially with very high frames
for eight or more rolls.
The effects of the different side pressures caused by the driving are added together, 3
and with frames that are not very strongly made they cause such a bending of the
two sides that the middle boxes have a certain amount of play in the frame, and
therefore the rolls do not work correctly. In my construction this effect of the side
strains cannot exist; they are exerted in opposite directions, and thus almost
completely neutralise themselves.
All of the rolls lic exactly parallel, that is to say, the axes of all of the rolls lic
exactly in the same plane. The standards can be accurately bored cylindrical by
means of a boring bar, at the same time the foot of the standard can be turned off
perpendicular to the axis of the boring bar. If the two standards are laid on a
solid bed plate, which has been well planed or turned off, it is evident that the 4
axes of the two cylindrical holes bored in the standards must stand exactly parallel.
Sliding blocks are turned to fit in the cylindrical holes bored out in the standards,
and afterwards fastened to a face plate against an elbow. By this method the plane
faced off on the sliding block must be exactly parallel with its axis.
The sliding blocks inust all be of the same height. On the bearing the side 5
which is to be bolted against the sliding block is first faced off, and at the same
time a pin is turned. After this all the bearings one after another are fixed on an
elbow on the face plate, and bored to receive the brass linings, and faced off.
The aforesaid elbow has a hole in which the pin or the bearing fits.
Bushes of iron or brass are turned and bored complete, and forced in the iron 5
bearings; if these bushes require renewal the parallelism of the rolls will still
remain as at first.

page_text: When the two standards are set up on the foundation plate the axes of the
cylinders bored in the standards will be exactly parallel. The sliding blocks will
now be inserted, the bearings put on the roll necks, and the rolls brought to the
sliding blocks, and bolted loosely to them. After all the rolls are in their places
the bolts are screwed up tight, and thus the bearings are fastened firmly to the
sliding blocks in the position which they have themselves taken.
Should it occur during the working of the calender that considerable lifting of
one end of the rolls is necessary it is easy to construct the bolts with shoulders to
leave the bearing free to swing while it is still held firmly to its place.
Repairs may be readily and cheaply effected, while at the same time the most
extreme accuracy is obtained; further, the most absolute independence of the skill of
the workman.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frank Wirth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th September
1877.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRASSES AND
FRAMES
A
FOR ROLLERS FOR CALENDERING AND SIMILAR MACHINERY."
communication from Friedrich Voith, of the Firm of T. M. Voith, residing at
Heidenheim, in the Kingdom of Württemberg.
According to my Invention I construct a housing frame or standard to receive
two or more rolls, which are to lie exactly parallel, and the line drawn through the
roll centres may be perpendicular, horizontal, or inclined to any degree.
As the most frequently employed I will more particularly describe the applica-
tion of this Invention to a number of rolls lying perpendicularly over each other,
and which run in contact with each other.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate the application of my method of construc-
tion to a so-called rolling calender for paper, with two pairs of chilled rolls and two
paper rolls.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the said calender; Figure 2 is a vertical section
thereof; Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 2; Figures 4 and 5
illustrate details of the said Invention.
The roll supports consist of two standards A and B, cast hollow, and bored out
exactly perpendicular to the foundation plate, and each of thein has a slit on the
side towards the rolls. In these bored standards there is inserted for cach bearing
a cylindrical turned sliding piece D. On the latter on one side a segment is cut
away in such a manner that a plane parallel to the axis of the cylinder is formed,
which plane is rather narrower than the slit in the frame. Against this plane the
bearing E is held by a bolt or bolts; at the same time a pin F, or the bearing fitting
accurately into a hole bored in the sliding piece, prevents any pushing apart of the
two pieces, while allowing them to turn freely.
This construction offers the following advantages, namely:-
=
The rolls are casily changed, and there will generally be easy accessibility to all
the moving parts and parts subject to wear.
Every single roll may be taken away directly by loosening the bolts which
connect the bearings to the two sliding pieces, whether for returning or regrinding,
or to repair or renew the bearings of the same.
The rolls lying above the roll to be taken out must be held fast, and they may be
easily so held by the lifting screws G; these lifting screws pass through all the
sliding pieces, and by means of the washer H and the nut Junderneath it every
sliding piece, that is to say, every roll with as much space between the rolls as may
be desired can be lifted up from its neighbour, and held till the roll which has been
taken out can be returned or replaced with a spare one.

page_text: Every roll bearing is a so-called universal bearing, that is to say, it can turn in
all directions, and adapt itself exactly to the journals of the rolls; therefore, heating
will be prevented, friction diminished, and the wearing away of the bearing and
journal will be to a great extent prevented. The lower bearing lies on a planed
surface K of the standard, and has its lower surface turned concentric with the
journal F, and has therefore the same advantages as the others.
If, as in the accompanying Drawings, there are two rolls M and N, which do not
work directly on each other, as in paper calenders with four chilled and two paper
rolls, the surfaces 0 and P are turned exactly to the same diameter and concentric
with the journal F, and thereby the exact parallelism of the rolls and the flexibility
of the bearings, as well as the weight of all on the lower roll, are insured.
By my method of construction the side pressure, which the rolls when in operation
exercise on the bearings, is reduced to a minimum, and has no influence upon the
proper position of the bearings, as in the ordinary construction in use, especially
with machines which have very high frames for eight or more rolls.
The effects of the different side pressures caused by the driving are added together,
and with frames that are not very strongly made they cause such a bending of the
two sides that the middle boxes have a certain amount of play in the frame; there-
fore the rolls do not work correctly. With my method of construction this effect of
the side strains cannot exist; they are exerted in opposite directions, and thus
almost completely neutralize themselves.
All of the rolls lie exactly parallel, that is to say, the axes of all of the rolls lie
exactly in the same plane. This is a necessary consequence of my improved method
of construction, and is easily attained without special expenditure of time and
labour, and without the services of specially skilled workmen.
In order to explain this it will be necessary to describe more fully the method I
use in fitting up the said calender.
The aforesaid standards can be accurately bored cylindrical on any suitable lathe
by means of a special boring bar; at the same time the feet of the standards can be
turned off perpendicular to the axis of the boring bar by means of a slide rest
secured to the face plate of the lathe. Then if the two standards are laid on a solid
bed plate, which has been well planed or turned, it is evident that the axes of tho
two cylindrical holes bored in the standards must be exactly parallel with each
other.
The sliding blocks D are turned to fit in the cylindrical holes bored in the
standards, and are afterwards fastened to a face plate against an elbow, and are
faced on the slide, and the hole for the pin F is bored. By this operation the planc
faced on the sliding block must be made exactly parallel with its axis.
The sliding blocks must all be of the same height, or the measure Q must be the
saine for all the sliding blocks. This is the only point where exact measurement is
necessary to ensure perfection of the machine, or rather the exact parallelism, of the
rolls. On the bearing E the side which is to be bolted against the sliding block is
first faced off, and at the same time the pin F is turned. Then all the bearings one
after another are fixed on an elbow on the face plate, and bored to receive the brass
linings, and faced off.
The aforesaid elbow has in it a hole, in which the pin or the bearing fits, and when
the elbow remains unmoved for all the bearings the height R will remain absolutely
the saine for all, and their accuracy is really independent of the care and skill of
any workman.
If through want of skill on the part of the workınan the elbow should be so
placed that the centre of the pin F prolonged does not meet the centre of the lathe,
this has no influence either upon the parallelism of the rolls or upon the flexibility
of the bearings. The distance of the centre of the rolls from the middle of tho
cylinder in the standard is exactly alike for all the rolls, and is the sum of Q+ R,
minus the radius of the sliding block.
The bushes S of iron or brass are turned and bored complete, and forced in the
iron bearings. It is obvious that the measure Q + R is in no way altered, and if

page_text: these bushes require renewal the parallelism of the rolls will still remain the
same.
By my Invention I obtain the following results, namely:-Facility of erecting
the machine.
When the two standards are set upon the foundation plate the axes of the cylinders
bored out in the standards will be exactly parallel with each other. The sliding
blocks will then be inserted, the bearings put on the roll necks, and the rolls brought
to the sliding blocks, and bolted loosely to them. After all the rolls are in their
places the bolts are screwed up tight, and thus the bearings are fastened firmly to
the sliding blocks in the position which they have taken.
During the working of the calendar considerable lifting of one end of the rolls
may be necessary. To provide for this contingency it is easy to construct the bolts
with shoulders to leave the bearing free to swing while it is still held firmly to its
place.
Further advantages obtained by the use of my Invention are as follows, that is
to say:
Repairs may be readily and cheaply effected, while at the same time the most
extreme accuracy is obtained with the most absoluto independence of the skill of
the workman.
My Invention is applicable in all cases where for any purpose two or more rolls
are used, one above another or side by side; for example, in calendors for paper,
cotton, or jute, in smoothing rolls on paper machines, in starching mangles, and wet
calenders for finishers and the like.
It is also applicable to rolls of any construction or material, such, for example, as
chilled rolls, ordinary cast-iron rolls, paper rolls, brass rolls, and those of cotton
yarn, or cocoa-nut fibre, and similar materials.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
The cylindrical boring of the standards to form a guide and support for the roll
bearings, as above described.
Also the use of sliding blocks as a medium for the support of the bearings, and
the connection of the sliding blocks to the bearings by means of a pin and a bolt or
bolts, which can be easily screwed fast or provided with shoulders to allow the
bearing to swing freely on the said pin, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.