IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLUIDS SUITABLE FOR BURNING IN LAMPS, AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLUIDS SUITABLE FOR BURNING IN LAMPS, AND
FOR OTHER USES."-A communication from abroad by Charles Tyler,
residing at Buffalo, in the County of Erio and State of New York, in
the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson
Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st July 1862.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLUIDS SUITABLE FOR BURNING IN LAMPS,
AND FOR OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to extend the utility of the mineral oils, in
which term are included the petroleums or rock oils obtained directly from
oil springs, the kerosenes or paraffine oils as they are sometimes called which
are obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal, and the refining of petroleum
and the napthas that are derived by distillation from the above-named
substances.
The first part of the Invention consists of a new compound substance
produced by the combination of the substance known in the arts as fusel oil

page_text: Naptha and petroleum may be combined with fusel oil alone in the same
manner as kerosene, or the compound substance constituting the second part
of the Invention, which is a good burning fluid, may be produced from naptha
by combining it with fusel oil and alcohol in the following proportions by
measure vir
manner as Kerosene, or the compound substance constituting the second part
of the Invention, which is a good burning fluid, may be produced from naptha
by combining it with fusel oil and alcohol in the following proportions by
measure vi
:
Naptha
Crude fusel oil
Alcohol
4 parts.
1 part.
1 parts.
The naptha and fusel oil are first commingled and the watery matter withdrawn
0 as before mentioned. The alcohol is then combined with the remainder by
agitation. The alcohol for this purpose should be as nearly absolute as is
found for sale in quantities in the market, say alcohol of 95 per cent.
In manufacturing the substance, which constitutes the third part of the
Invention, it is preferred to use the crude petroleum obtained from oil springs,
5 and separated by decantation from the water with which it is generally mixed.
The petroleum is first commingled by agitation with crude fusel oil in the
following proportions by measure, viz* :-
Crude petroleum
Crude fusel oil
-
8 parts.
1 part.
o The mixture is permitted to settle and the watery liquid withdrawn as before
mentioned, then the residue is mixed by agitation with alcohol until it separates
completely into two portions; to effect which result it is found that from half
to two-thirds as much alcohol as fusel oil is generally required. When the
mixture has settled the upper part is drawn off and constitutes a good burning
5 fluid. The lower part which is the heavier is the third substance discovered,
and constitutes a good oil for painters' use.
I have thus described the modes in which the Invention may be practised
with success, but the Invention is not confined to the particular relative
proportions in which the substances have been described as being combined,
O as the proportions may be varied according to circumstances or to suit the
particular views of the manufacturer or user; thus in making the burning
fluids larger or smaller proportionate quantities of fusel oil may be used, but
if there be too small a quantity of fusel oil the burning fluid will smoke in
burning it with round wicks in lamps without chimnies, when the flame
5 is as high as it should be, say 1 inches, and on the other hand if a larger
quantity of fusel oil be used the flame will have less illuminating power.
The object in view in manufacturing a burning fluid should be to produce the
strongest light without material smoko when the wick is pulled up above the
wick tube until the flame is at tho desired height, and the least possible

page_text: quantity of fusel oil should be used compatible with producing this result.
Nor do I confine the Invention to the combination of kerosene alone, or.
naptha alone with fusel oil; as the first combination described by me may be.
varied by the substitution of naptha or of crude petroleum in place of kerosene,
or a fractional part of the kerosene may be replaced by an equal quantity of
naptha or crude petroleum. But it is proper to state that the character of
the compound is affected by the kind of mineral oil that is used, and the
exact quantity of fusel oil which is necessary to produce the most desirable
compound should be determined for each kind of mineral oil used by experiment.
It has also been discovered that a small quantity of alcohol may be added to.
a combination of kerosene and fusel oil without producing a separation of the
combination into parts.
I do not confine the Invention to the manufacture of burning fluid and
painters' oils, but claim the several parts of the Invention, for all purposes for
which the combinations may be found useful in the arts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licenco that I,
the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FLUIDS SUITABLE FOR BURNING IN LAMPS, AND FOR OTHER
USES," a communication to me from abroad by Charles Tyler, a person
resident at Buffalo, in the County of Erie and State of New York, in the

page_text: United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The object of the Invention is to extend the utility of the mineral oils, in
which term are included the petroleums or rock oils obtained directly from oil
springs, the kerosenes or paraffine oils, as they are sometimes called, which
are obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal and the refining of petro-
leum, and the napthas that are derived by distillation from the above-named
substances.
The first part of the Invention consists of a new compound substance pro-
duced by the combination of the substance known in the arts as fusel oil with
the mineral oils, which compound constitutes a burning fluid, by which term
is meant a liquid which will burn for the purpose of illumination, without
material smoke, in a lamp with a small solid wick, and without a chimney.
The second part of the Invention consists in a new compound substance
produced by the combination of fusel oil with naptha and with-alcohol, which
compound constitutes a burning fluid.
The third part of the Invention consists in the beavy oily liquid obtained by
the combination of the petroleums and kerosenes with fusel oil, and the
separation of the compound into parts by alcohol; the said heavy oily liquid
constitues an oil suitable for painters' use.
In manufacturing the new compounds I make use of the crude fusel oil
obtained in the distillation of fermented grain and other substances for
alcoholic liquors, and it is preferred to use that which is obtained when maize,
or Indian corn as it is commonly called in the United States of America, is
operated upon, although that obtained in the distillation of various other fer-
mented vegetable substances will answer the purpose. Refined fusel oil may
also be used if preferred; but as the crude article will answer the purpose, the
cost of refining it is saved.
In manufacturing the compound which constitutes the first part of the
Invention it is found that a combination of crude fusel oil with the ordinary

page_text: kerosene found in the market for the purpose of burning in kerosene lamps,
(with a chimney and air deflector,) whether such kerosene be derived by dis-
tillation from the crude coal oils or from crude petroleum, will. produce a
good burning fluid when combined in the following proportions by measure,.
viz:-
Crude fusel oil
Kerosene
1 part.
1 part.
The two substances are agitated together in a vessel so as to commingle
them, and the mixture is then permitted to rest. After a longer or shorter
period, which depend upon circumstances, and which is generally less than
24 hours, the mixture is found separated into two parts; the lower part is a
watery liquid, which is small in bulk, and consists mainly of the water that
existed in the crude fusel oil; it is drawn off from the bottom of the vessel.
The upper part is the compound substance produced by the combination of the
fusel oil with the kerosene, constituting the burning fluid. In making this
combination I prefer to permit the mixture to settle in a vessel having a
funnel-shaped bottom, fitted with a stop-cock, so as to facilitate the withdrawal
of the watery liquid with the least possible waste of burning fluid; or the upper
liquid or the lower liquid may be withdrawn from the other by a syphon.
Naptha and petroleum may be combined with fusel oil alone, in the same
manner as kerosene; or the compound substance constituting the second part
of the Invention, which is a good burning fluid, may be produced from naptha
by combining it with fusel oil and alcohol in the following proportions by
messure vint.

page_text: The mixture is permitted to settle, and the watery liquid withdrawn, as
before mentioned, then the residue is mixed by agitation with alcohol until it.
separates completely into two portions, to effect which result it is found that
from half to two-thirds as much alcohol as fusel oil is generally required.
When the mixture has settled the upper part is drawn off, and constitutes a
good burning fluid. The lower part, which is the heavier, is the third sub-
stance discovered, and constitutes a good oil for painters' use.
I have thus described the modes in which the Invention may be practised
with success, but the Invention is not confined to the particular relative pro-
portions in which the substances have been described as being combined, as
the proportions may be varied according to circumstances, or to suit the
particular views of the manufacturer or user. Thus in making the burning
fluid larger or smaller proportionate quantities of fusel oil may be used; but if
there be too small a quantity of fusel oil the burning fluid will smoke in burn-
ing it with round wicks in lamps without chimneys when the flame is as high
as it should be, say 1 inches; and, on the other hand, if a larger quantity of
fusel oil be used the flame will have less illuminating power. The object in
view in manufacturing a burning fluid should be to produce the strongest
light without material smoke when the wick is pulled up above the wick tube
until the flame is at the desired height; and the least possible quantity of
fusel oil should be used compatible with producing this result. Nor do I
confine the Invention to the combination of kerosene alone or naptha alone
with fusel oil, as the first combination described by me, may be varied by the
substitution of naptha or of crude petroleum in place of kerosene, or a frac-
tional part of the kerosene may be replaced by an equal quantity of naptha
or crude petroleum. But it is proper to state that the character of the com-
pound is affected by the kind of mineral oil that is used, and the exact
quantity of fusel oil which is necessary to produce the most desirable compound
should be determined for each kind of mineral oil used by experiment. It has
also been discovered that a small quantity of alcohol may be added to a com-
bination of kerosene and fusel oil without producing a separation of the
combination into parts.
I do not confine the Invention to the manufacture of burning fluid and
painters' oils, but claim the several parts of the Invention for all purposes for
which the combinations may be fecund useful in the arts.
Having thus described the Invention and the best mode with which I am
acquainted of practising the same, I claim as the Invention, and desire to
secure by Letters Patent, the compound produced by the combination of the
mineral oils with fusel oil, said compound constituting a new manufacture.

page_text: I also claim the compound produced by the combination of naptha with
alcohol and fusel oils, said compound constituting a new manufacture.
I also claim the heavy liquid obtained by treating the combination of petro-
leum (or kerosene) and fusel oil with alcohol, said heavy liquid constituting a
new manufacture.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)