IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pickles Binns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1867.
I, JOSEPH PICKLES BINNS, of the Firm of Binns, Chatterton, and Smith,
Engineers Machine and Tool Makers, Lady Bridge Iron Works, Leeds,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the
manufacture of paper bags. It relates especially to machinery such as is
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to John Sanders Blockey,
and dated the 18th day of August 1866, No. 2129. In this machinery a
revolving block of the form of the bag to be produced is caused to wind up
upon itself paper which is supplied continuously from a roller as it passes to
the block or form; the paper is cut by shears at suitable intervals. The end
of the roll of paper which is to form the bag is arranged to project beyond the
end of the block, and the bottom of the bag is formed as the roll is being
produced by paste brushes carried round by a revolving disc; the brushes come
in succession against each side and double the paper inwards, folding it over
the end-of-the-block or form. The longitudinal seam of the bag is secured
by a travelling paste brush coming against the paper on the block or form and
pasting it before the last side of the roll is lapped over, and a flap or plate

page_text: pressed against the block or form by a spring causes these surfaces to adhere.
The bag is lastly pushed off the block or form by means which need not be
here described, and the finished bag is discharged from the machine.
Now according to my Invention in place of applying a uniform resistance
to the forward motion of the continuous paper as it comes from the roller, and
as has been heretofore practised, I so arrange the apparatus that there shall
be but little resistance at the time when feeding rollers have to draw forward
the end of the paper to present it to the gripper, with which the block or form
is provided, with a stronger resistance at the time when the gripper having got
hold the block or form is winding up the paper on itself.
The arrangement I prefer is as follows:-I cause the paper as it goes
forward to pass between two pairs of small rollers; the lower roller of each
pair turns in fixed bearings, that nearest' the paper roller is free, the other is
driven continuously. The bearings of the upper rollers are carried by a frame
rocking on centres between them. When the frame is in one position one of
the upper rollers presses the paper against the driven roller, and so the paper
is fed forward to be taken by the gripper. When the position of the roller
frame is reversed the other upper roller presses the paper down and nips it
between itself and the lower roller, and one or other of these rollers is caused
to turn with a regulated friction by means of an adjustable spring. In this
way whilst no difficulty is offered to the presenting the paper with certainty
and accuracy, sufficient resistance may be applied to ensure the corners of the
bag being sharp and square. The gripper upon the block I according to
my Invention cause to open at each alternate revolution by causing the
instrument which opens it to be alternately brought up and removed out of
the way.
I use for this purpose cam or other equivalent contrivence.
.
Another part of my Invention relates to the shears or cutters. I place the
lower blade, which is moveable, further from the paper roller than the upper
'stationary blade, so that it may not be liable to take the end of the paper up with
it and cause it to jam against the upper blade, and that the blades may cut
more accurately, and with less friction I mount the upper blade on swinging
arms and furnish it with springs to hold it up to a fixed stop, and this blade
is set slightly at an angle or askew, so that as the lower blade rises bringing
the cutting edges in contact the shearing point travels progressively from
end to end of the blades without the other parts of the blades rubbing as they
otherwise would throughout their whole length; the upper blade rocks slightly
as the lower blade rises.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the block or form
above mentioned to stop in place of revolving continuously whilst the paper

page_text: is being cut. For this purpose I connect it with a continuously rotating axis
in such manner that it can turn independently of the axis through a small
arc; by spur gear the block or form is caused to overrun the axis by the
amount of this are and then to stop until the axis overtakes it and again carries
it forward.
Another part of my Invention relates to the making of the longitudinal
paste joint of the bag. In place of pasting the paper already on the block, as
proposed in the Specification of the above-mentioned Patent, I arrange a
paste roller to come down immediately in advance of the shears, when the
cut takes place, and the tail of the piece of paper which is cut off is drawn
forward, whilst this roller is pressing upon it the end of the
time supported by a roller on the under side moving up and
lower shear blade.
paper is at this
down with the
. Also according to this part of my Invention in order to press the tail of the
piece of paper firmly against the block or form to ensure the adhesion of the
paste, in place of employing a single flat flap or pressing plate I employ a
lever with a projection at its end which rubs against the paper on the block
or form as the said block or form rotates, the lever being kept up by a spring,
and baving jointed to it a second smaller lever also with a rubbing projection
at its end, and this bears upon the block or form in the opposite direction,
being also kept up by means of a spring. At the time the bag is being
taken off the block or form the first lever is removed from contact with it by
a cam, as is described in the Specification of the said former Patent, the
second lever at the same time is carried against a stop which causes its
rubbing end to recede from the block.
Another part of my Invention relates to the means of folding in the end of
the bag. I apply gear to the cylindrical brushes by which this is done, as already
described, so as to cause them to rotate on their own axes whilst in contact
with the paper in a direction to draw the paper in towards the centre; in
this way the angles of the bottom of the bag are made sharper and neater. I
fix a bevilled pinion on the axis of each brush to gear with a stationary wheel,
and thus as the brushes are carried round by the disc on which they are
mounted they are also rapidly rotated on their axes.
Or according to this part of my Invention if it be desired to turn in the
two opposite sides of the bottom in immediate succession, as in hand-made
bags, then I arrange the brushes or folding instrument on the disc, so that as
the first brush or instrument by moving with its disc and revolving on its
own axis folds in two opposite sides whilst the block or form is stationary for
he cutting to take place, then the next brush or instrument when the block

page_text: has made a quarter rotation folds in the side at the top of the block or form,
missing the bottom side in consequence of its being spaced or cut away,
whilst a third brush or instrument folds in the last side.
According to another part of my Invention when the bag is discharged
from the block or form it is received into à collapsible box which presses it
down flat; the bottom of the bag which projects out of the box is not thus
flattened, but it is thrown into an inclined position, and then its lower edge is
şeized by a pair of rollers, these draw the bag, through, folding it flat, thus the
machine is arranged to discharge the bag in a folded state in place of open,
as is described in the Specification of the before-mentioned Patent.
Where it is not desired to discharge the bag in a folded form I according
to my Invention cause the bag as it is taken off the block or form to be
pressed into a socket or holder fitting its bottom, here it becomes held, and
then the instrument which presses.on the bottom of the bag from the outside
during its removal from the block or form makes a forward movement, and in
doing so discharges the bag from the socket or holder, thus the forked stop
which is used in the delivery of the bag in the arrangement .described in the
Specification of the said former Patent, and which in its action is found to
injure the bag, is dispensed with.