CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING BY AID OF STEAM OR OTHER POWER FIGURES AND ORNAMENTAL FABRICS OF SILK, HEMP, FLAX, WOOL, AND COTTON OR OTHER FIBRE, WHICH INVENTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS ARE APPLICABLE TO WORK JACQUARD MACHINERY BY POWER; PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM LOOMS, AND ALSO TO JACQUARD MACHINERY AND TO HAND LOOMS
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of November, in the third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Moses
Poole, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Moses Poole, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Moses Poole, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others,. from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Inven-
tion of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING BY AID OF STEAM OR
OTHER POWER FIGURES AND ORNAMENTAL FABRICS OF SILK, HEMP, FLAX, WOOL,
AND COTTON OR OTHER FIBRE, WHICH INVENTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS ARE
APPLICABLE TO WORK JACQUARD MACHINERY BY POWER; PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION
OR IMPROVEMENT IN LOOMS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM LOOMS, AND ALSO
TO JACQUARD MACHINERY AND TO HAND LOOMS," communicated to me by a
certain Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, that I, the said Moses Pool, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention communicated
to me from abroad, whereby I am enabled to manufacture by aid of steam or
other power figures and ornamental fabrics of silk, flax, hemp, wool, and
cotton or other fibre, and the manner in which the same is to be performed
and carried into effect, are fully described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The said Invention or improvements in looms consists in a mode of
applying that description of apparatus known as Jacquard machinery to power
looms, whereby I am enabled to produce figured and ornamental fabrics of
silk, hemp, wool, and cotton or other fibre, by aid of steam or other power.
First, remarking that although various arrangements of apparatus and
machinery for weaving, controlling, and governing the various warp threads "of
figures, ornamental, and other fibres, have been used heretofore, by the employ-
ment of a series of perforated cards, nevertheless the adaptation of Jacquard
machinery to power looms has never been obtained with any considerable
degree of success or profit to the manufacturer up to the present time.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure represents a front elevation of a loom constructed according to
the Invention shewing a front view of the new method of rolling up the cloth,
&c. &c.; Figure 2 represents a side elevation, shewing a side view of the
new method of rolling up the cloth and giving out of the warp by means of
endless screws, wheels, and bevel gear, and also the improved method of
working Jacquard machinery. Figure 3 represents a plan view of part of
the loom, shewing a plan view of the principal parts of the loom. Figure 4
represents a front view of a three box lay or batten constructed according to
the Invention, and the method of preventing the boxes from being lifted too
high. Figure 5 represents a section of a common power loom, lay, or
batten, with the new mechanism applied thereto, whereby I am enabled to
draw or pull up the weft thread or threads to their proper degree of tension
after each and every throw of the shuttle across the web or webs, so as to
prevent any loose threads from doubling up or kinking into the fabric when
the loom or looms are at work. Figure 6 shews a front view of the Jacquard
frame and cylinder, shewing the new card protector, whereby the card or cards

page_text: will be prevented from being damaged during the operation of tho loom.
Figure 7 shews a section of the loom frame in elevation, with the new method.
of rolling up the cloth as fast as it is wove applied thereto. Figure 8 shews.
the new method of working Jacquard machinery. Figure 9 shews another,
method of working Jacquard machinery. Figure 10 shews the new methodi
of working a cam or excentric so as to work at intervals at a quick or slow,
speed, according to the motion required. Figure 11 shews the mode of:
stopping the loom when the weft thread is broken, with the improvement
attached thereto. I will remark that in this description the ground work or,
satin of the fabric is considered as made by the pattern cards, a, the loom
frame; b, the lay or batten; c, the reed; F, the toothed wheel, which takes:
into and is driven by the pinion H2; h, the roller over which the fabric, passes
as fast as it is woven, and is wound on the cloth roller E'; i, the two shuttle,
drivers or picker sticks; j, the shuttle levers, by which the shuttle driver.
or picker sticks i are governed; k, the cams or rollers by which the shuttle
levers are put in motion, and are made fast on the bottom or cam shaft of the
loom (one on each side of the loom) in the ordinary manner; 7, the tight and
loose pulleys, by which motion is communicated to. the loom from a suitable.
strap or belt in the usual way; m', the warp beam; n, the warp roller;
o, adjustable levers, with their weights and straps, by means of which the
warp yarn is prevented from rolling off the warp beam too quick; p. Jacquard.
supporters, which are bolted or otherwise affixed to the frame of the loom ;,
9, the driving toothed wheel and bottom shaft wheel, the same as in other
steam looms; r, the cumber or hole board; s, the harness; t, the leads;
w, the neck and barness rollers; Z, the Jacquard balance lovers; S', the,
counter balance pulley. I would here remark, that I do not consider it to be
at all necessary to enter into a general explanation of Jacquard or other:
machinery as used heretofore in looms for weaving or producing figures and
other fabrics, the same being well understood and in common use.
The first part of the Invention of improvements in looms consist in
the improved method of working Jacquard machinery, whereby I am enabled
to give
a more steady and regular motion to the warp threads of, the fabric.
when the loom is in operation, and also to the harness and leads of the loom
and its various other appendages, than has ever been obtained heretofore,
either in hand or power looms. A view of this new method of working
Jacquard machinery will be had by reference to the Figures 2 and 9.. A2 is a
cam or excentric made fast on the driving shaft of the loon. This cam or
excentric A² works in the collar or hoop B, which collar or hoop B is.
governed to the proper degree of tension by means of the set screw C. (This
c)

page_text: done) attach the Jacquard connecting rod or bar D to the top side of the
collar or hoop B. The rod or bar D may be governed in its length by means
of the screw and nut E' to correspond to the rise and fall to be given to the
Jacquard griffe board. (This done) the rod or bar D2 is connected to the Jac-
quard lifting lever F, which lever F2 is attached to the lifting griffe board of the
Jacquard in the ordinary way. It will be therefore perceived that when motion
is communicated to the loom from a suitable strap or belt, that the driving.
shaft Q will give motion to the Jacquard machinery by means of the
excentric or cam A' working or revolving in the collar or hoop B³, to which
collar or hoop B the connecting rod or bar D is attached in manner
above described. It will therefore be at once perceived that at each and
every revolution of the said cam or excentric A', the Jacquard machine will be
raised and depressed, and this causing the warp threads to be elevated and
depressed for each and every revolution of the driving wheel q; so that the
speed given to the loom will be just as quick as that of ordinary steam looms
for making plain calicoes, or about one hundred or one hundred and fifteen
to one hundred and twenty-five picks of weft per minute, and that too
without the Jacquard machinery being at all deranged during the working of
the loom.
Having now described the manner in which the cam A2 and the collar or
boop B, and the governing set screw C² are affixed and arranged to work
Jacquard machinery as aforesaid, and as represented in the said Figures 2 and 9,
1 desire it to be well understood that I do not pretend to claim as the Inven-
tion the cam or excentric A³, or the collar or hoop B, arranged in manner
as aforesaid, either separately or combined, as the same is not new.
Be it further understood that I do claim the application thereof, (that is
to say,) the cam or excentric A, and collar or hoop B, and its other
appendages, arranged as in manner above described in the said Figures 2
and 9, to work, by aid of steam or other power, that description of machinery
called Jacquard machinery, as aforesaid.
The second part of my Invention consists in another method of working
Jacquard machinery, and is something similar to that represented in the
Figures 2 and 9, as aforesaid. A view of this second method will be had in
the Figure 8. 2 is a cam or excentric made fast on the driving shaft of the
loom, just in the same manner as that represented in the Figures 2 and 9;
the cam or excentric g³ revolves continually with the motion of the loom when
in action, and works between the two rollers or pullies h³, which rollers or
pullies h³ revolve on the studs or pins . The studs or pins are then made
fast or bolted to the forked levers or arms. (This done) the forked lever

page_text: or arm works or vibrates on the axis in the support t, which support t
is bolted or otherwise affixed to the loom frame. (This done) the other
extremity of the open frame lever or arm has a slot or groove m², to which
is made fast the Jacquard lifting rod or bar n³, just in the same manner as that
répresented in the Figures 2 and 9. The slot or groove m³ will admit of the
rod or bar n³ to be changed at will or according to the shed required, to
allow of the shuttle to pass freely.
Having now described this second part of the Invention, and the manner in
which the same is carried into effect to work Jacquard machinery, I desire it
to be understood that I do not claim a cam or an excentric as the Invention,
or any of the parts separately, as shown in the said Figure 8. But I do not
claim as the Invention the apparatus or combination of such parts as are more
particularly set forth and described in the said Figure 8 to work Jacquard
machinery, or any modification thereof, the characteristic of such Invention or
improvement being well adapted to work Jacquard machinery and its other
appendages, without causing any derangement in the different parts of the
mechanism thereof, by means of the double or counter action of the pulley or
rollers working or revolving on the circumference of the excentric or
cam 9, and governed by the open frame lever or arms, whereby the
Jacquard machinery is worked more steadily and regularly than would be the
case where such Jacquard machinery worked by means of a common cam or
crank. Note. The cam or excentric g² can be made of any form required
to give the proper degree of motion to Jacquard machinery, either slow or
quick, at any given point, which will be more fully understood by a reference
to the Figure 10; marking, however, that at any given point the rollers or
pullies must be at any equal distance from each other, and at the same time
bear against the outer surface of the said cam or excentric g², which method
of making the cam g² I also claim as the Invention to work Jacquard
machinery, as above described.
Another mode of working Jacquard machinery which I claim is shown at
Figure 8. This mode also allows me to obtain the necessary motion at any
given point, which will be clearly seen on referring to the Drawing. I make
my can of the desired form, and bolt it on to the shaft in the same
manner as in Figures 2, 9, and 8. I then make grooves or flanges all round
the diameter of it inside the rim. I then cause two small rollers to work
or revolve round in the said grooves one on each side, as is more clearly shewn
in the section, Figure 8. These rollers revolve upon the studs or pins,
which are made fast to the Jacquard connecting rod . It will therefore be
perceived that when the cam revolves, the rollers will cause the rod to be

page_text: raised and depressed; and in order to steady the rod 63, I attach to it the
lever arm 13, the axis of which is affixed to the framing of the loom. By this
means the rod ³ is controlled to work in its correct position.
The third part of the Invention consists of a new method of taking up the
cloth as fast as it woven, and also the giving out of the warp yarn, so that the
weft threads shall be at equal distances apart from each other; (that is) that
the cloth or fabric woven shall be of a perfect uniform texture, so that the
fabric or cloth manufactured from this Invention (by aid of it), when presented
to the eye, offers a perfect uniformity, that is, that the weft thread be at equal
distances from the beginning to the end of the web, without reference to the
increased or diminished diameters of the warp and cloth rollers. This result
has never yet been obtained upon any loom to perfection; and to be convinced
of this fact it is only necessary to examine the different fabrics of wool, silk,
and cotton, that we meet with in the course of trade, and the object of the
present method of counteracting this evil will be seen in the annexed Drawing,
Figures 1, 2, and 3, by the means of which the inconvenience first above noticed
will be completely avoided. The result to be obtained is to have the cloth or
fabric manufactured always of the same condition; (that is) that the piece or
web to be manufactured will be conducted from one end to the other by
regular motions, and that each will be completed in the same time. I will add,
moreover, that this system of regulating the cloth or fabric to be woven, or
being wove, is applicable to overy loom, no matter by what power or force it is
put into motion, whether by steam power or otherwise, provided the improve-
ment be adapted. Note.-The same letters indicate similar parts in each of the
Figures.
The warp is prepared and arranged as usual upon a beam m'; in going
from the beam m¹ the warp passes between two cylinders O2 and P3, the warp
then continues its course in the loom, as in other looms, until it receives
the weft thread by means of the shuttle, and goes out on the opposite side
manufactured into cloth or fabric; the cloth or fabric is then taken between
two other cylinders, Q and R, arranged and mounted like those marked O,
and P3; the cloth, as it comes from the cylinders Q and R, is not rolled on the
cloth rollers E', the same as in other looms, but only as it drops or is given
out by the cylinders Q2 and R3. I will now, explain the manner in which the
Invention or method is put in motion; and first the shaft S2, receiving motion
from the axis which communicates it, brings to one of its extremities the bevel
geer wheel T, which works into the bevel wheel W2, mounted upon the shaft V*,
placed and arranged outside of the loom frame, as represented in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, the relation existing between the two wheels T and W may be easily

page_text: varied; for, if we suppose the shaft V2 placed at a certain distance from the
loom frame, as is shown more fully in the Figure 3, we can displace the bevel
wheel marked V2, and replace it that marked T by another of a smaller or
greater diameter, according to the numbers of picks of weft required per inch,
or the kind of cloth or fabric to be woven. The shaft V is furnished, at each
end with screws U³, which screws U³ revolve in the dents or teeth of the
wheels G²; upon the axes of the wheels G2 are affixed the pinions H², which
take into and drive the wheels F affixed on the axes of their respective
cylinders. But, in order to give the necessary degree of tightness to the warp
threads, Luse the pressure lovers Z3, which levers Z³ work upon the pins or
axis A³; the levers Z have moveable weights B, which moveable weights B³
are kept in their proper places by means of the set screws C³. Thus it will be
perceived that either less or more pressure can be communicated to the warp.
yarn and cloth or fabric to be woven or being woven, there are greater advan-
tages to be gained from the above new method of regulating the giving out of
the warp yarn and the rolling up of the cloth, which are to the manufacturer,
of the greatest importance. Some of which are following: as, for instance,,
if gros de Naples is woven in a loom too tightly wound upon the cloth roller,
it is very liable to get watered and often spoils, but which will not be the case
when the above mechanism is applied; where the warp beam or roller is of
a great diameter, such as calico and other looms, and also carpet looms, this.
Invention will be of the greatest importance. But in order to shew more
fully the manner of rolling up the cloth or fabric as it comes from the
cylinders Q and R², I have represented in the Figure 7 a section of the loom,
frame a', with the new method of rolling up the cloth or fabrics applied thereto;.
(that is to say,) on the end of the axis of the cylinder R³ I place a small wooden,
iron, or brass pulley D³, and another second pulley in a similar manner on the
end of the cloth roller E¹. (This done). I put on the small strap or cord E³,,
which strap or cord E³ forms, as it were, an endless band. (This done) I then,
pass the strap or cord E³ under the small pulley F³, which pulley F3 turns on,
the axis G³; the pulley F is fixed in the upper end of the small iron or brass
slide piece Hs, which slide piece H is square, so as to prevent its turning
round, and passes into a square, hole made in the cross piece 3; this cross,
piece is fitted to the loom frame by means of the two bolts J³, the slide,
pieces H³ is kept continually pressed against the strap or cord E³, by means of.
the weight K³.
Having thus described the manner in which I arrange the parts, and the
manner in which this mechanism is made to roll up the cloth or fabric, when,
woven (is as follows):-The strap or cord E³ is not, in the first instance, prior.,

page_text: to the weight K' being applied thereto, sufficiently tight to roll up the cloth
or fabric woven as it is given out by the cylinders Q and R; but when the
weight K³ is applied, then the cord or strap. E³ will be drawn to the degree of
tension required to cause the cloth beam or roller E' to take up what cloth or
fabric may have been given out as fast as it is delivered from the cylinders Q
and R. But as soon as the quantity of cloth given out shall have been taken
up by the said cloth roller or beam E', the weight K³ will not have sufficient
force to draw the cloth or fabric from between the cylinders Q and R², there-
fore the consequence will be that the strap or cord E slips or slides in the
grooves in the pullies D³, the extra pull causing the weight K³ to be elevated,
and thus no cloth can be wound on the cloth or take-up roller E', until given
out from the said cylinders Q' and R, as shewn in the said Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Note. In order to enable the cylinders Q and R to take away the fabric
woven with greater ease, they are connected together by the toothed wheel S³,
without which the fabric would slip or slide between the cylinders, and conse-
quently would not be correctly delivered. The wheel S³ cannot take, up more
cloth than the bevel gear will give out, and do not at all interfere with any
part of that motion, as explained in the Figures 1, 2, and 3. The cylinders Q
and R2 are covered with felting cloth, or any other suitable material, to enable
them to gripe more firmly the fabric which passes between them. The red line
indicates the fabric, which I find works best by passing it round the cylinders, as
is clearly shown at Figure 7. Thus it will be seen that the rolling up of the
cloth, and the giving out of the warp, are altogether independent of each other,
which is not the case in any other loom or looms. Where the diameter of the
warp roller is very small, such as a few yards of silk, the two cylinders O
and P3 need not be used, and the reverse; in that case a small weight may be
added to keep the warp roller from turning round too quickly, which may be
done by taking a couple of turns of a strong cord or strap round the circum-
ference of the roller or beam m¹ in the common way. Note. But in case
that a larger diameter of warp is used the difference in the eveness of the
fabric will not be scarcely perceptible, even to the most careful observer.
Having now described the Invention or method of regulating the cloth or
fabric, (that is to say) the giving out of the warp, and the taking up of the
weft, so as to make each thread of weft be at equal distances apart from the
beginning to the end of the web, I now therefore desire it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise form of the arrangement of the
parts, as variations may be made without departing from the principal points
of the Invention or method of regulating fabrics in the loom, as above.
described. But be it understood that I do claim as the Invention the taking.

page_text: 5
up.of the cloth, and the unwinding of the warp in manner above described,
in whatever way the same is applied, so long as the principle of the Invention
is retained, that of giving out the warp and the rolling up of the cloth or
fabric independently of each other (the cloth and warp rollers), as in manner
above explained and described.
The fourth part of the Invention consists in drawing up or tightening the
weft threads at each and every throw of the shuttle, so as to prevent any loose
threads or loops, or any other unevenness in the cloth woven, or being in the
loom to which this new mechanism is applied, which it must be acknowledged
is a matter of no small importance to the manufacturer, both of power and
10 hand looms; for it is well known that even in hand looms there is often the
greatest possible difficulty to the weaver or person who tends looms to keep the
weft thread always straight, (that is to say) that when the shuttle receives its
motion from one side of the loom to the other opposite side, that the weft
thread in the opening of the warp yarn will have the appearance of crooked
15 lines or zigzag, in and out, or similar to a thread of woollen yarn ravelled or
taken out of an old stocking; this has always been a source of the very
greatest embarrassment to the weaving community, and more particularly so
to the manufacturers of silk, woollen, and such like sticky or gummy yarns.
For as I have before observed, the weft thread must be woven into the cloth
20 in a very loose and imperfect manner, unless something is done to remedy that
evil, and this is the case more particularly in looms worked by power; and I
would further remark, that it is well known to all manufacturers and weavers
that there never has up to this present time been any substantial remedy found
out to do away with the above-mentioned evil, for it must at once be perceived
25 by the most inexperienced weaver that unless the surface or texture of the cloth
woven is not perfectly smooth and of a glossy appearance, something like the
surface of a mirrow, that the cloth will not be so good either in appearance
and in substance.. But by means of the Invention or improvement all these
above-mentioned evils will be annihilated and done away with, the con--
30 struction and adaptation of which will be readily understood by every mechanic
who is acquainted with this description of machinery, neither is it subject to
derangement any way whatever, when once adopted to any loom or looms,
whether such loom or looms are, worked by hand or power. Figure 5ª is a
front elevation of parts of a loom with the new improvement or mechanism
35 applied thereto for the purpose aforesaid of drawing the weft thread tight, or
to its necessary degree of tension. Figure 5b is a side view in elevation of so
much of the parts of a loom as will enable me to make the improvement or;
Invention well understood, by any loom maker. or other competent person,
35

page_text: (that is to say) A is a bent or curved lever of iron, brass, or may be made
of any other suitable material; this bent or curved lever A works on the axis
or stud pin B, is bolted or otherwise made fast to the battant support at C.
The bent or curved lever A has a joint D at its under extremity, which joint D
is similar to a hinge of a door, or the spring joint of the lock of a gun; this
joint D is made so as to open straight on the back side, being kept in its
proper position by the small spring or clastic E; this clastic E is made fast to
the bent or curved lever A by two small rivets or screws F, F; the conse-
quence will be, that the said joint D will double up and curl one way, but not
the other. The other extremity or top side of the curved or bent lever A has
a slot or groove made to receive it in the battant race or shuttle board as at G,
so as to receive it out of the way of the shuttle. The curved or bent lever A
has also a turned-up end or curved point 1, which is made to rest a little
distance back out of the way of the shuttle at the back of the reed I, say about
half an inch or so; this done, I attach or affix to the framing of the loom the
projection or stud J with a governing groove K, which projection or stud J
has a bent knob or stud L made on its end. I then attach to the bent or
curved lever A; the small elastic or spiral spring M is made fast to the
stud or projection N.
Having described the various parts of the Invention or improvements to
looms, the manner of their working is as follows (videlicit): as soon as the
shuttle has entered the lay box after having been driven across the web, as
in the other looms; and when the lay is about at half its full course or distance
forward towards the cloth being woven, then the said bent or curved lever A
will push forward the weft thread before the warp threads descend, or close
together; and also before the lay or battant comes into contact with the cloth
or fabric being woven; for it will be perceived that in the forward motion of
the lay the lower extremity of the joint D will strike against the knob or
projection L, which will cause the bent or hooked end H of the bent or curved
lever A to push the slack of the weft threads forward as in manner aforesaid;
a greater or less degree of tension may be given to the weft thread according
to the nature of the material used for warp and weft when the battant comes
forward to nearly its full distance, so that the reed i is within about two inches
or so of the cloth in its forward motion towards the cloth as aforesaid; then
the joint D of the bent or curved lever A will slip over the not or projection
I, and consequently the other extremity of the bent or curved lever A will fall
back to its original position, as represented in the Drawing, being recovered
and kept in its proper place by the small clastic M. The curved or bent
lever A may be made to draw the weft thread to any required tightness, by

page_text: causing the joint D to strike sooner or later against the projection L; and it
ought also to be observed that the joint D can be made to slip off the
projection L sooner or later by raising up the projection L so as to strike the
joint D nearer the fulcrum or axis pin B. Now, it will be perceived that
when the lay or battant comes forward as in manner above stated, that the
forward motion of the lay or battant will cause the joint D to slip over the
projection L at any given point; but when it has once slipped over, and
the battant begins to go forward, the projection L would break off the end of
the curved or bent lever A, were it not for the vibrating hinge or joint D; for
it will be perceived that in the backward motion of the lay the hinge or joint
D will be lifted up so as to allow the projection L to pass under it, after
which the joint or hinge D is recovered to its original position by means of the
spring or elastic E.
Having now described my Invention or improvement in looms, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I would remark that of course I place
one motion at each selvage of the cloth, so that the weft thread will be drawn
from each side of the cloth woven. And I would further remark, that I do
claim as the Invention the arrangement of apparatus for the purpose above
described of drawing or tightening the weft thread of a fabric or fabrics in
whatever way the same may be applied, so long as the principles of the
Invention is retained, that of pushing or carrying forward whatever part of the
weft thread may remain loose, slack, or kinked in the warp opening, after
the shuttle has received its impulse as aforesaid; and I do also claim the
application of the same to all looms, whether such looms are worked by steam
or other power, or by hand or manual labour. Note.-In order to keep the
weft thread tolerably tight in the shuttle, where the shuttle has entered the
lay box, so that when the weft tightener or pusher draws on the weft thread
that the weft will not run loosely off' the shuttle, I remedy this evil by the
aid of a small steel spring, such as is used by clock makers, say of about three
fourths of an inch wide, which I attach to the lay box, as represented at a, a, in
Figure 1, which spring is made to bear against the side of the shuttle as at B,
but under that the spring will bear on the weft thread. I file a small place on
the shuttle for the curved or bent end B to bear against continually. It will
be therefore at once perceived, that when there is any pull or draw on the weft
thread that the spring B will give a little, but at the same time will give
a sufficient resistance to the weft pusher or thread tightener to draw up only
so much of the weft thread as was left loose or slack between the shuttle and
the opposite side of the selvage.

page_text: I claim this also as the Invention, (that is to say) the spring B as shewn in
the Figure 1, for the purpose above mentioned.
The fifth part of the Invention in looms consists in what I call the weft
pusher or straightener, by means of which the slack of the weft thread will be
drawn up to its proper degree of tension or tightness immediately after the
shuttle has entered the lay box. This 1 effect in the following manner:-L
is a small upright lever (see Figure 5), one at each selvage, supported by
the stand M, and working or vibrating on the axis or stud N3; the stand or
support M³ is made fast to the top rail of the lay b. I then cut or mortice
out in the lay cill 6 the small groove 0³, cone at each side of the lay b, to
admit of the end of the lever L3 to descend into it, as at P3. I then attach
the small spiral or clastic spring Q³ to the curbed end of the said lever L³, by
means of which the curbed end of the lever L3 will be kept out of the way of
the shuttle. The other extremity of the spiral spring or elastic Q3 is held by
means of the small stand or support R3, which support or stand R³ is made
fast to the lay b. (This done) I then bolt to the cumber or hole board r
another upright stand or support 13, having a suitable hole in it to admit of the
wire or rod W³ to enter it, which wire or rod W³ is held in its proper place by
means of the set screw Va; the other end of the wire or rod W3 has a nob or
crotched head, which prevents it from being withdrawn out of the hole or slide
in the upright lever L3, which groove, hole, or slit must be of about two inches
in length to allow for the backward or forward motion of the lay b, otherwise
the wire or rod W would get bent during the working of the loom.
Having now shown the manner in which the parts of this mechanism or
Invention is arranged, the manner of its working is as follows (that is to say):
when the lay b is pulled or forced towards the cloth being woven (or imme-
diately after the shuttle has entered the shuttle box), the crotched head of the
rod or wire W³ will come into contact with the end of the lever L3, and the
consequence will be that the weft thread will be forced or pushed forward by
the curbed end sliding in the groove O³, sliding forward towards the cloth or
fabric. Immediately after the shuttle has entered the box of the lay b, a
greater or less degree of tension may be given to the weft thread by making
the wire or rod W³ shorter or longer governed by means of the set screw Vs.
When the weft thread is pushed forward or tightened to the necessary degree
of tension, the lever L³ will take the position represented by the dotted lines.
Having now described the nature of the Invention or improvements in
looms for drawing up each and every thread of weft to its proper degree of
tension, after the shuttle has been thrown across the web, and as represented

page_text: in the said Figure 5, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim the parts:
separately, as variations may be made without departing from the principle ofi*
the said Invention or improvement. But I declare that I do claim as the:
Invention or improvement to looms, whether the same be worked by hand or
by steam or water, or other suitable power, the method of drawing up or
tightening to its proper degree of tension the weft thread of a fabric or fabrics
immediately after, the shuttle or shuttles has or have been thrown to the
opposite side of the lay of the loom, whereby I am enabled to draw or pull up
all the slack of the weft threads or thread between the shuttle and the opposite
side from which the shuttle last received its impulse, whereby any loose threads
or loops, kinks, or any other slackness of the weft thread or threads, will be
prevented from doubling up or being woven into the cloth or fabric being
woven; neither do I at all confine myself to the precise arrangement of the
parts, as shown in the said Figure 5, the same may be in some degree altered
to perform the same effect without departing from the principle of the
Invention, the pulling up or tightening the weft thread at each and every.
throw or impulse given to the shuttle across the web as aforesaid.
The sixth part of the Invention or improvements in looms consist in an
improvement to the Jacquard machine, by means of which I entirely prevent
the pattern card or cards from being torn or damaged during the working of
the loom, (that is to say) X³, Figure 6, are two small slides or pressers similar
to the common pressers, to bring the cylinder square. Each of the slides or
pressers X³ have a spiral spring or elastic Ys, which causes the slides or.
pressers to be kept continually pressed against the card W. The slide or
presser X3 have a small smooth wire Z³ made fast to the under side of the.
slide or presser X³, in order to prevent the cards W₁ from being torn or
damaged from any roughness which might arise from the wood of the slides
or presser X³ during the revolution of the cylinder x. (This done) the said
card presser or protector X³ pass into holes in the cross bar A, and afterwards.
into similar holes made in the top cross-piece B'. A more complete view of
the card protector or presser will be had in C*.
Having now explained the manner in which the card or cards protector,
(which I have called the slide or presser X³) is arranged and applied to
prevent the card or cards from being torn or damaged during the working of,
the loom by coming off the cylinder. Thus, when the loom is in operation as;
aforesaid, I desire it to be well understood that I do not claim as the Invention:
the spiral spring or elastic Y³, neither the slide or presser X³. But I do claim
as the Invention the application and arrangement of the parts above described;
and as shewn in the said Figure 6, for the purpose above named (videlicit), of,

page_text: preventing the card or cards being torn or damaged during the working of the
loom, by means of which the necessary degree of pressure is given to the top
side of the card and cylinder, to prevent the card or cards from being thrown
off the pins
or nobs of the cylinder as in manner aforesaid.
The seventh part of the Invention or improvements in looms consists in a
new method of working a series of shuttles (a view of which will be had in
the Figure 4); and in order to make the same more fully understood I have
shewn in the said Figure 4 what I call a three box lay, the working of which
I effect in the following manner, viz:-D, shuttle boxes; E, two levers
connected to the shuttle boxes D', by means of the bow cord or wire F. The
levers E are adjusted and supported by the slotted frame G'; the slotted
frame G being made fast to the lay or batten b, the levers E work or
vibrate on the axis or stud H; to the other end of the levers E+, two suitable
straps or strong rods J' are applied or attached. These cords J', after passing
under the pulleys K, ascend up to the Jacquard machine, and are then attached
to suitable perpendicular lifting wires in the same manner as the harness
cords s, except that the lifting perpendicular wires for this purpose must be a
little stronger than the needle lifting wires, in order to support the weight of
the boxes D. The boxes D'I will number 1, 2, and 3, No. 1 being the bottom
box, one box for each color. The box No. 1, I shall call red; the box No. 2,
green; and No. 3, orange. (Then for example) that ten threads of red weft
is required to be woven into the fabric, I pierce one hole in each card up to
the number of ten cards (if only one thread of weft is given to each card), to
correspond to the needle to which the box No. 1 is connected; and for the.
other colors to be woven, I pierce suitable holes in the pattern card or cards
in the same manner, and so on according to the number of threads of weft
required to be woven into the fabric; but as the Jacquard lifting grille or
knife board is always lifted up to the same height or elevation, it will be
easily perceived that the bottom box, No. 1, will not be lifted to the same
height or elevation as that of the box No. 2. To remedy this evil I do it in
this manner (videlicit), by removing one of the axes I further from or
nearer to the shuttle boxes D', thus varying the degree of leverage according to
the box to be lifted. (For example) that the lever No. 1 to be lever of the
box No. 1. In that case the axis H, on which it works or actuates, is
removed further from the shuttle boxes D', for if the fulcrum or stud His
removed further from the shuttle box D', the greater the degree of elevation
will be given to the shuttle box attached to such box lever. But in order to
prevent irregularities in their working I affix the pin or stud I, upon which.
the ends of the levers E' rest, with a suitable adjustable weight K' to keep.

page_text: the said levers E balanced, and pressed against the pin or stud 1; and
although in this description or, method three shuttle boxes have been shown
and described, nevertheless two levers E are only necessary, on account of the..
top box No. 3 being at its proper elevation to allow of the shuttle to work freely
when the other boxes 1 and 2 are not at work. But it will also be necessary
to prevent the middle box or box No. 2 from being lifted too high, which
would be the case were there are not some kind of contrivance to prevent it.
from so doing. This I effect by means of a small curbed lever L working
on the fulcrum or axis M, having the governing or counterbalancing weight
N+, which contrivance I attach to the back of the lay, as represented in the:
said Figure 4. The governing weight N is kept in its place by means of the
screw O'. The manner in which this contrivance works is as follows (videlicit):
I attach the small cord P to the lifting lever E, to which the middle box No. 2
is applied. It will then follow, that when the lever E is lifted up, that the
cord P will lift up the weight N, by reason of which the curbed end Q will
come over the edge of the boxes D', as is represented by the dotted lever head R'.
The consequence will be, that when the boxes are lifted up the said curbed:
end Qwill come in contact with the top edge of the boxes D', and will thereby
prevent the box No. 2 from being lifted higher than necessary. To allow of the
shuttle to run freely on the race board of the lay, a greater or less number of
these curbed levers and weights may be used according to the number of shuttle
boxes required (making each of various lengths, so as to correspond to the
height required each box has to lift, &c. It will be seen by the above description
that the curbed levers or box stoppers q' only act every thread pick of weft,
and that when not in action the weight N always throws off the curbed end Q
so as to allow of the third box to raise up to the level of the race board of
the lay.
7
Having now explained the improved method of working three shuttle
boxes, I would have it understood that I lay no claim to the various parts
separately, as herein above described, of working a series of shuttle boxes by
aid of steam or other power, and as represented in the said Figure 4; nor do:
I confine myself to the precise form of arrangement of the parts, nor to the
number of shuttle boxes shewn in the said Figure 4, as variations may be
made without departing from the principle of my method; but what I do
claim is, the mode of working a series of shuttles by means of perforated
cards, actuated by steam or other power, in connection with the above
mechanism, as show. in the same Figure 4. But I do not claim the working
of a series of shuttles by aid of Jacquard cards and Jacquard machinery, when
the same is accomplished on the common hand-loom..

page_text: The eighth part of the Invention of improvements in looms consists in a new
and improved simple method of counterbalancing the weight of the leads in
Jacquard looms, so that a much less power will be required to drive the loom
than would be the case were such new method of counterbalancing not
adapted for that purpose, (that is to say) see Figures 1 and 2. S' is a pulley,
of either wood or iron, working on the axis or stud T, and supported in the
stand U, which stand U is bolted to the top cross bar of the Jacquard
machine by means of the bolt V. (This done) the cord W is made fast to
the lifting arm of the Jacquard machine at X, after which the said cord W+
takes one or two turns round the said pulley S, and is then made fast by the
knot Y, after which the other end of the said cord W takes another turn
or two round the said pulley S, and then descends to the balancing lever Z*,
to which it is made fast by the knot A³. The lever Z has a moveable
weight B, with a governing set screw C³, to keep the weight B' in its proper
place. The lever Z' works on the axis or fulcrum D³.
Having now described the said method of counterbalancing the weight of
the leads and other appendages on Jacquard looms, and as shewn in the said
Figures 1 and 2, I desire it to be understood that I do not claim as the
Invention the said pulley S, the cord W, or the lever Z, separately or
combined, when used as heretofore in looms, or the method of balancing the
extra weight of the leads and other appendages on Jacquard looms, as the
same is not new, neither do I claim the method of balancing by means of
one lever at each side of Jacquard machines, and top tumbler and other
complicated appendages attached thereto, as used theretofore; but be it known
that what I do claim is the using or use of the said pulley S in connection
with the string or cord W and lever Z governed by the weight B³, as in
manner above described and shewn in the said Figures 1 and 2 as aforesaid.
The ninth part of the Invention of improvements in looms consists in a new
method to stop the loom when the weft thread has been broken or expended,
a view of which will be had in the Figures 2, 3, and 11. F are two combs
and forks working into each other, when the weft thread is broken, and
thereby acting on the small balance lever G, which small balance lever
G' works or vibrates on the axis or stud II; this axis or stud H is made
fast on the front side of the lay or batten b, having a small projection or
knob I, which comes directly in front of the stop lever of the loom; this
stop lever has another projection J bolted thereto, as will be seen in the
Figures 2 and 3; or the projection J³ may be made on the stop lever,
as in the Figure 1. I then connect the two grids and forks together by
the rod or bar L, as seen in Figure 11, after which I make the same fast

page_text: on the said bar or rod L' by means of the set screws M5. The rod or bar
L' works in the bearings or axis N³.
Having now shewn how the different parts of this Invention are arranged,
the manner of their working is as follows (that is to say): 05 is a bent
arm or curbed lever, which is also made fast on the said rod or bar L; 1
is another curled or bent lever working on the joint Q, which connects the
said lifting fork thereto by means of another small curled bent iron R³, as
will be more particularly seen in the Figures 2 and 11. The action of these
pieces is this (videlicit), in the backward motion of the lay or batten b the
bent or curled lever 05 will come against the stud or pin T (see Figure 2),
by which means it will be depressed, and thereby causing the rod or bar L³ to
turn round on its axis, by which means the forks F³ will be lifted up to
allow of the shuttle to pass freely from side to side of the loom, but as soon
as the shuttle has passed into the lay box, then the said forks F will descend,
and endeavour to enter the slots or grooves in the lay, but cannot do so if
the weft thread is not broken, and consequently the small lever G³ will not
be acted upon by causing the nob or projection I to come in front of the
loom, stop, lever, or other projection Js, and therefore the loom will not be
stopped.
Having now explained this new improvement for stopping the loom or
looms when the weft thread is expended or broken, I wish it to be understood
that I do not claim as the Invention the grid and fork above described, as the
But what I do claim
same is not new, having been used by various persons.
to be the Invention is, the connecting rod or bar L, and curled lever or
arm 05, in connection with the joint G, as represented in the Figures 2, 3,
and 11, whereby I am enabled to work the said forks and slots or combs at
each selvage, so that the loom shall stop instantly when the weft thread is
broken or expended either at one side or the other, (that is to say) when the
weft thread is expended or broken at either side or selvage that the loom shall
stop at once without giving a second pick of the empty shuttle, as heretofore.
I claim therefore the said rod or bar L³ and its bent levers, as above described,
whereby I am enabled to stop the loom when the weft thread is broken at
either side, as above. But I do not claim the said comb and forks when
applied to stop looms, as used heretofore, to one side or selvage only. Note.-
There may be a cord V³ attached to the upper end of the curled lever P³, as at
Ws in the Figure 2, passing under the pulley X³, after. which it may be acted
upon from the Jacquard machinery and looms.
The tenth part of the Invention of improvements in looms consists in
another. new improved method of working Jacquard machinery, and by means

page_text: of which improved method a more perfect, smooth, and uniform surface or
gloss smoothness will be given to the cloth or fabric woven or being woven
than has ever been given to any power-loom fabrics heretofore (fabrics woven in
power looms), for it is well known to all persons that fabrics woven in power
looms where the Jacquard machinery is used for the producing of figured
fabrics that there is a certain harshness connected with such fabrics (a wiry
appearance) which is not to be found on fabrics made by the hand (or manual
labor); and this has been one of the chief reasons why figured fabrics woven
in power looms have never up to the present time succeeded so as to compete
successfully with the hand figured loom or looms. And this evil is occasioned
by the shed or opening of the warp threads in power looms not being kept
elevated until the battant or lay comes into contact with the cloth being
woven, and also not opening to receive the shuttle when the battant is at
about half its distance or course from the face of the cloth in front of the reed
so as to allow of the shuttle to pass freely through the shed or opening of the
warp threads to the opposite side of the loom from which it last received
impulse, before the lay or battant begins to come forward towards the cloth
being woven, and the threads must not descend at all until the lay or battant
has come forward about half its course towards the cloth or fabric being woven
in loom, and also that the weft thread be beaten up in the open shed; but
when the lay or battant is about half its distance, as aforesaid, in its forward
movement towards the cloth, then the warp threads begin to descend gradually,
so that when the reed comes into contact with the cloth or fabric being wovo
or woven that the warp threads will just come to their original position as
when the Jacquard is not in action (without shaking or deranging the nails
or causing them to tremble). By this means the shed or opening of the warp
threads will keep open a sufficient length of time to allow the weft thread
to come up to its proper place before the closing of the warp threads together,
thereby causing the weft thread to be laid up in its proper place perfectly straight
and without being bent like a snake or zigzag line, which will invariably be the
case where the shed closes together (the meeting of the warp threads) before
lay or battant has got forward its full course, because when the shed shuts
down on the weft thread before the reed comes in contact with the cloth the
weft thread will be forced forward by the reed as it were between two bodies
of yarn (of warp), and in the forward motion of the reed the weft thread will
have the appearance of network or like a thread of yarn which is ravelled or
taken out of a stocking (all in loops and kinks); this gives the surface of the
fabric a harsh appearance, which is not the case on hand-loom weaving. I
would also observe that no looдn has yet been made to work by power which

page_text: remedies the evil above noticed, for the attempts which have been made are
merely these, the inserting of a crank on the common driving wheel of the
loom to which the Jacquard rod or connecting bar, has been applied; this
never will do, because when the said stud is at its full elevation the battant is
about half its distance back, and the warp threads of course will be closed:
This evil I remedy by means of the following contrivance (videlicit): in the
Figure 13 is a cam or grooved eccentric a³, having a groove-slot or throat B®
in its inner edge; Figure 14 is a lever of iron or other suitable material
working on the axis or fulcrum C³, which fulcrum or stud C is bolted or
otherwise affixed to the loom frame. I then connect or attach the small iron
or steel button D³ (or it may be made of some other suitable material, such as
brass, &c.) to the lever, Figure 14, in a solid manner, but so as to allow of
the said button Ds to turn on the axis or stud E. This button Ds works in
the said groove, throat, or slot B³. The Jacquard connecting rod or bar F® is
then attached to the other extremity of the lever, Figure 14; and works or
vibrates on the axis or stud g³, the cam or eccentric a³ being made fast on the
driving or top shaft of the loom. It will be perceived that the Jacquard
machinery will be raised and depressed for each and every revolution of the
common driving wheel, and the lay or battant will just operate in the same
manner as in the common calico loom. It will be also perceived that any
convenient form may be given to the said cam or eccentric a³, neither can the
button Ds escape out of the groove, throat, or slot B', so that the Jacquard
must work regular and keep up the warp threads where required. I prefer-
the form given to the button D³ to that of a small common roller, as it works
more smoothly.
Having now described the new method of working Jacquard machinery, so
as to hold up the shed where required, in order to make perfect* and.
smooth work as aforesaid; I desire it to be understood that I claim the said
cam or eccentric a³, as described in Figure 18, and the lever, Figure 14,
together with the said button D³, or roller in combination as in manner
above described, and as represented in the said Figures 13 and 14, in 'con-
nection and for the purpose of working Jacquard machinery, being, governed-
by means of the said grooved throat or slot B, as aforesaid, and for the
purpose above mentioned.
The eleventh part of the Invention of improvements in looms consists in an
improvement in the mode of stopping the loom when the weft thread has been
expended or broken, remarking that the various contrivances which have been
heretofore adapted to looms for that purpose have either been too complicated
or too delicate in their action to keep in order and in operation for any length:

page_text: of time, to answer the purpose with any degree of success. Some of those
contrivances have been made to act on the shuttle by means of springs, &c.,
and others to act like a gun lock in the lay or battant. When the shuttle was
just in the act of entering the lay box, the one broke and injured the shuttle,
and the others were too delicate to keep in order for any considerable length of
time. There has also been another method adapted for the purpose of stopping
the loom or looms when the weft thread has been broken or expended, which
was called the thread motion, which acted by means of a certain number of
threads working up and down, and being acted upon by double-acting levers
and various other appendages; rendering it, from its excessive complication and
liability to get out of order, of no considerable value; but the one which I
now propose, which will be explained more fully by reference to the following
Drawings, is so exceedingly simple in its action that it may work one, two, or
more years without getting out of repair once. Figures 15 and 16 is a section
of the loom frame in elevation, to which this new and improved method is
applied. Hs is a series of fine catgut threads passing through the eyes of
the heddles I, which heddles are like the heddles used on calico looms for
making plain cloth. The heddles 18 are made on the shafts Js, which shafts J'
work on the axis or stud K³. At a convenient place on the loom to the top side
of the heddles 18, I attach the cord L³, which cord LB passes over the pulley
Ms just in the same manner as in the calico loom. From the under or bottom
side of the said heddles Is I attach another cord N8, which also passes under
the pulley Os, and is then attached to the bottom or under side of the other side
of the other shafts I8; this done, I place or fix on the loom shaft the cam or
eccentric q, which works the triangle or other suitable movement by which
the said heddles are put into motion. The said catgut cords are then made
fast to the breast beam of the loom. The other extremity of these catgut
cords are tied to a projecting pin or stud to hold them; this done, I attach or
affix to the loom frame the curbed lever T, which lever Ts works on the axis U8.
I then affix the small plate V8, having a slot or groove in it to admit of the
said bent curbed lever T8 to vibrate backwards and forwards just according to
the motion communicated thereto by means of the connecting string X³. The
other extremity of lever T8 is made of tempered steel, and acts like a spring
when the battant comes in contact with it (that is, when the loom is to be
stopped) by means of the nob or head Y coming in between the battant and
the stop lever of the loom when the weft thread is broken.
Having now described the improved method of stopping a loom or looms,
when the weft thread has been broken or expended, so as to keep in repair
and not go out of order, as above described, I desire it to be well understood

page_text: that I do not claim as the Invention the whole of the parts of the above
contrivance. But what I do claim is, the working with heddles in manner
above shewn, together with the bent or curbed lever Ts, and governing slotted
plate Vs, arranged in the manner above described. But I do not claim as the
Invention the working of a series of threads up and down as used heretofore;
neither do I claim the working with the levers, as has been also used, but only
when arranged and governed in manner aforesaid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.