IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATIONS THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL AND OTHER FABRICS IN ORNAMENTAL RELIEF
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton of Heatham House Twickenham in
"
the County of Middlesex Manufacturer for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS
IN
DECORATIONS
THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL
AND OTHER
FABRICS
IN
ORNAMENTAL RELIEF
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1883.
FREDERICK WALTON of Heatham House, Twickenham in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL
DECORATIONS AND OTHER FABRICS IN ORNAMENTAL RELIEF
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of wall
decorations and other surfaces in ornamental relief.
These improvements consist in a method of printing or decorating the relief
ornament of such surfaces as Lincrustá Walton wall decoration and like
surfaces in relief.
The machinery I use for this purpose consists mainly of a small roller in iron
working in conjunction with a proportionately much larger roller of the same
material covered with rubber of about one inch in thickness which is turned
absolutely true.
This large roller is provided with two sets of colour furnishing rollers one
on each side of the machine so as to supply a continuous and very even layer of
colour-the colour employed being a kind of lithographic oil colour.
The large and the small roller are adjusted by screws in such way as to ensure
great accuracy.
The fabric is caused to be stretched tightly with the back side to the small iron
roller and is passed with its relief or face side against the larger rubber covered
roller The small roller is then adjusted to the nearest point possible to the base or
ground of the fabric short of actually touching it.
If the fabric is then passed through the machine it will be found that all the
relief part in its varying contour will be coloured by the rubber roller as it passes
through

page_text: The machine may consists of one or more sets of such pairs of rollers in order to
obtain several colours on the fabric.
For instance the whole of the relief may be printed by the first set-an elastic
wiping roller may then be applied to wipe off the colour from the higher parts of
the relief
The fabric then passes to a second set of rollers furnished with another colour―
these rollers are adjusted at a slightly further distance apart than the first set and
it will follow that only certain ornaments that are in higher relief than the mass
will take the second colour-the same process can be repeated for a third colour in
the highest parts.
The arrangement of the relief ornament into various grades or levels is to be
regulated by the engraver of the embossing roller according to the colour effect
desired to be produced by the designer of the pattern.
In some cases I cut away part of my elastic roller where I do not wish the colour
to be imparted on the relief ornament and provided.the rollers all run together with
gearing I can thus produce various colour effects without the varied adjustment
previously described although certain pleasing effects can only be produced by the
first method.
The elastic roller can be made of other materials such as for example glue and
glycerine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Walton in the Patent Office on the 30th June 1884.
FREDERICK WALTON of Heatham House Twickenham in the County of
Middlesex Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WALL
DECORATIONS AND OTHER FABRICS IN ORNAMENTAL RELIEF
"3
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of wall
decoration and other surfaces in ornamental relief.
These improvements consist in a method of printing or decorating the relief
ornament of such surfaces as "Lincrusta-Walton wall decoration and like surfaces
in relief.
The machinery I use for this purpose consists mainly of a small roller in iron
working in conjuction with a proportionately much larger roller of the same
material covered with rubber of about one inch in thickness which is turned
absolutely true.
This larger roller is provided with two sets of colour furnishing rollers one on
each side of the machine so as to supply a continuous and very even layer of colour
-the colour employed being a kind of lithographic oil colour.
The large and the small roller are adjusted by screws in such way as to ensure
great accuracy.
The fabric is caused to be stretched tightly with the back side to the small iron
roller and is passed with its relief or face side against the larger rubber covered
roller.
The small roller is then adjusted to the nearest point possible to the base or
ground of the fabric short of actually touching it. If the fabric is then passed
through the machine it will be found that all the relief part in its varying contour
will be colored by the rubber roller as it passes through.
The machine may consist of one or more sets of such pairs of rollers-in order
to obtain several colors on the fabric. For instance the whole of the relief may be
printed by the first set-an elastic wiping roller may then be applied to wipe off
the color from the higher parts of the relief and the fabric may then pass to a
second set of rollers furnished with another color. These rollers are adjusted at a
slightly further distance apart than the first set-and it will follow that only
certain ornaments that are in higher relief than the mass will take the second
colour-the same process can be repeated for a third color in the highest parts.
The arrangement of the relief ornament into various grades or levels is to be
regulated by the engraver of the embossing roller according to the colour effect
desired to be produced by the designer of the pattern.
In some cases I cut away part of my elastic roller where I do not wish the colour
to be imparted on the relief ornament and provided the rollers all run together with
gearing I can thus produce various colour effects without the varied adjustment
previously described although certain pleasing effects can only be produced by the
first method.
The elastic rollers can be made of other materials such as for example "glue and
glycerine."
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure I shows a side, and Figure II a front elevation of the printing machine.

page_text: The corresponding parts in Figures I and II are designed by the same letters and
so likewise the corresponding parts in the apparatus Figures III and IV.
In Figures I and II A is the bed plate on which is erected the frame work B-
C is a cylinder or roller covered with an india rubber jacket C¹ turned and ground
absolutely true. Over this roller is the metal roller D turned and ground likewise
absolutely true. Both rollers C and D receive their motion by the wheels R. R'
and R by the pulleys and driving shaft Q¹. The roller Ď is carried by the
screws O. These screws are so constructed that they allow to adjust the distance
between the rollers C and D to the greatest accuracy. To this effect the screws O
are for instance cut to a pitch of ten threads to an inch, the face 0" of the hand
wheel of the screw is divided in hundred parts and a hand O' shows the distance
between the rollers C and D. By this the distance between these rollers can be
adjusted to a thousandth part of an inch or less.
On both sides of the roller C are the colour conveying rollers J. J¹. and J" the
latter J have a rotative and side motion. K are the color troughs and H the
rollers delivering the color from the troughs to the rollers J. This part is
constructed in principle like the arrangement in ordinary printing machines. The
rollers H are connected by the levers L and L¹ and receive their motion by the
fork and the cam M. This cam is moved by the conical pulleys N¹ and N"
allowing alteration of the speed consequently to furnish by the rollers H more or
less color to the rollers J¹. The rollers K' forming one side of the color troughs
are moved by the conical pulleys N and receiving the motion from the pulley N on
the principal driving shaft. E are leading rollers, E' is provided with a brake G.
F and F are card rollers, the latter likewise provided with a brake G¹. Freceives
its motion by a rope or slip pulley S driven independently from the machine. P is
the fabric or embossed material passing through the machine. The arrows show
the direction in which the fabric to be printed moves.
The working of the machine is as follows:-
The surface of the roller C being continually and evenly furnished with color by
the rollers J J etc. the fabric passes with its relief face upwards either from a reel
or direct from the embossing machine over the card roller F¹ the rollers E E¹
between C and D where the relief face is brought more or less in contact with the
face of the roller C. By the adjustment of distance of the roller D this contact
may be either very slight and only the highest points of the relief may be touched
or it may go gradually deeper and even so far that it goes to the very ground of
the embossed material consequently that either the whole fabric including the
ground can be evenly colored or only such parts of the relief as required for the
purpose of decorating, from there the fabric passes again with its printed face
upwards over the card roller F either to the drying room or according to require-
ment through a second machine of like construction or through the wiping
apparatus Figures III and IV.
By the card roller F¹ and its brakes G' a resistance in the forward motion of the
fabric is given a further resistance is given by the roller E' and its brake G. The
card roller F is driven at higher speed but is retained to the surface speed of the
rullers C and D by the fabric itself so that the driving_rope in S slips. By this
the fabric is tightly spanned in its course from F to F and is laid perfectly flat
with its back on the roller D.
The apparatus shown in Figures III and IV works in continuation of the
machine Figures I and II.
This apparatus consists of a bed plate T¹ and frame work T and T. The fabric
passes over a perfectly true turned roller U in the direction of the arrow and is
taken by a card roller a moved by a slip or rope pulley ỗ to be conducted to a
drying room, The card roller a and the roller U are provided with pulleys m
and m and connected by the belt m¹.
An endless blanket moving in the direction as shown by the arrow is carried
by and between the rollers c. c. c. X and Y and U and V. f is a rack and
roller ca spanning roller with the screw d for spanning and tightening of the

page_text: blanket. The roller V with its screw W and hand W' which screw is divided like
the screw O described in Figures I and II allows to adjust the distance between
V and U and consequently between the blanket and the fabric P. The roller V
may or may not be provided with an elastic jacket. h is a roller surrounded with
felt. This roller plunges in a trough i. Z is a circular brush driven by a conical
pulley k. The rollers X and Y form a press, the pressure obtained by the screws g.
X is driven by the pulley N. The other rollers in connection with the blanket are
moved by the blanket itself. The motion of the blanket is in the direction as
shown by the arrows and is against the motion or the direction of movement of
the fabric. The contact between blanket and fabric is only a slight surface contact
and the pressure between the two never more than what would be equal to a slight
pressure of a hand.
The trough i contains turpentine or any other proper dissolvant. By the roller h
this dissolvant is conveyed to the blanket which is brushed by Z and pressed by
X and Y.
By this the blanket arrives always in a proper state under V to wipe color from
the relief of the fabric P.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
I claim:-
First The method of printing or decorating the relief ornament of such surfaces
as Lincrusta-Walton by passing the same continuously between rollers both very
truly made and capable of accurate adjustment and one of which has a surface of
soft material supplied by an inking apparatus with color which the roller then
transfers to the relief ornament of the surface passing between the rollers
substantially as described.
Second-The method of printing or decorating the relief ornament of such
surfaces as Lincrusta-Walton by first applying color to the surface, then wiping
off the color from the higher parts by passing the colored surface together with a
suitable blanket or wiper between accurately adjusted rollers and afterwards
printing a second color on to the parts from which the first color has been removed
by means of a roller accurately adjusted and with color upon it substantially as
described.
Third The arrangement of apparatus for printing or decorating such surfaces as
Lincrusta-Walton substantially as described in respect to Figures 1 and 2 of the
annexed drawings.
Fourth. The arrangement of apparatus for wiping off or removing color from a
relief ornament on a surface such as Lincrusta-Walton substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick Walton have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty eighth day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
DDED
17 AT MON