Year: 1897

page_text: I, MICHAEL JOSEPH OWENS, of No. 1847 Michigan Street, in the City of Toledo,
County of Lucas and State of Ohio, United States of America, Glass Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to molds in which glass articles are blown and molded
to the form of the interior of the mold by air pressure, the object being to pro-
vide a mold of improved construction in respect to the admission of air thereinto
upon or over the inner surface of the mold, whereby the blowing and molding of
glass articles is greatly facilitated, for the reason that the improved mold permits
of operating upon glass while nearly in the heated condition in which it is taken
from the melting pot, and consequently it is more plastic and easily worked, and
for this reason the product of the mold is much increased.
And the invention consists in the peculiar construction of the mold whereby
provision is made for the application of an air supply under more or less pressure
upon or over the surface of the inner wall of the mold which forms, so to speak,
a pneumatic cushion intermediate of the article blown in the mold, and the inner
wali of the latter, which cushion constitutes a surface against which the plastic
material may be moved in blowing and molding it, which offers less resistance to
the movement of the article than does the inner wall of the ordinary mold.
In the drawings forming part of this specification:―
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a mold for glassware embodying my improve-
ments, said figure illustrating the mold resting on a suitable base and means for
supplying air thereto and for regulating said supply. This figure also shows one
of the sections of the mold partly broken away, and indicating in dotted lines the
lower end of an ordinary blow-iron in operative position on the upper end of
the mold.
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the mold on line 2-2, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the mold and of the joint-uniting parts of the
sections thereof, said joint-parts being shown in section.
Figure 34, is a section on line 3-3, Figure 3.
Figure 4 is an elevation of one of the sections of the mold, showing the inner
wall thereof.
Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 3 showing the body of the mold and the
jointed parts thereof in section, and the pintle of the joint in side elevation.
Figure 6 is a transverse section of the mold on line 6-6, Figure 5.
Referring to the drawings, 2, 2, indicate the mold-sections which are of the
general, or any desired form, on each of which is shown a projecting bar or

page_text: handle 3, which affords convenient means for opening and closing the sections,
as is usual in manipulating a mold.
The joint-parts or bosses of the sections are indicated by 4, and interlock, as
shown, as is usual in similar joints. Said bosses 4, are pierced to receive a
tapering pintle-bushing 6, and within the latter is fitted the straight pintle 8,
of the joint-part.
When the mold-sections are arranged to be operated on a simple flat base 5, 'as
shown, the lower end of said pintle is fixed in said base, (as shown in Figures 3
and 5), thereby providing a fixed post upon which one or both of said sections 2, 2,
may swing when they are opened or closed.
The improved mold construction herein described and shown may be operated
in connection with an ordinary blow-iron, as usual, manipulated solely by the
glass-blower for blowing the glass article in the mold, or partly by said blower,
and by any of the well known machines for blowing glass.
In Figure 1, the ordinary position of the lower end of the said blow-iron on
the upper end of the mold is indicated at A, in dotted lines.
To provide for the application of said pneumatic cushion over the surface of
the inner wall of the mold which is actively maintained during the glass-blowing
operation, the said inner wall, or any other suitable part of the mold, is provided
with one or more suitable apertures or air-passages, or such as are indicated by 17,
of suitable area, and of any suitable form, similar to those shown in the several
figures, preferably such as are shown in Figure 5.
Air, under suitable pressure, either uniform or variable, according to the require-
ments of the glass articles to be blown in the mold, is supplied through the outer
wall, or other part of each mold section by devices hereinafter described; and any
of the various air-chamber constructions shown in the drawing, or other suitable
ones, may be adopted for the mold-sections 2, with which said apertures 17
communicate.
:
Figures 1, 2, and 4, illustrate mold-sections in which, in casting the same, an
air-chamber 16 is formed between the inner and outer surfaces of the said sections.
And in Figures 5 and 6, is shown a series of vertical air-conduits D, extending
within the walls of the mold-sections with which said apertures 17 communicate.
Figures 3 and 3ª, illustrate a series of air-channels or grooves d, extending
between the passages 17, which may be employed, thereby facilitating the move-
ment of the air over the surface of the glass article which is in process of formation
in the mold.
In said Figures 5 and 6, a circular air-chamber J, extends around each section 2,
with which the said conduits D, communicate. In Figure 5, the lower ends of
said conduits are closed by the bottom K, of each mold-section 2, which is suitably
secured thereto.
In casting the mold-sections 2, if the air-chambers 16 therein be cored, the core
sand may be removed at openings in the bottom, closed by plugs c, as indicated in
Figures 3 and 4.
It is sometimes found desirable to regulate the volume and force of the
air-current which is supplied to the inner wall of the mold through said air-
passages 17, more positively than can well be done by the main-valve of the air-
sunnly below described, and to this end as many air-valves 18, or other suitable
device or devices, may be applied to the outer wall of each mold-section, which
valves are screwed through said wall opposite said passages 17, whereby the latter
are restricted or enlarged at pleasure, thereby effecting a variable air-pressure
between said inner wall of the mold and the surface of a glass article blown and
formed therein.
The general air supply for each section 2, of the mold, is provided by any
suitable well known means, as, for instance, a fan-blower. To said fan-blower a
flexible air-conduit N, may be connected, and connections between said conduit
and the mold-sections may be made by means of a twin" connection M, or other
suitable one, and this last-named connection be united with the mold-section 2,
"

page_text: by two pieces of flexible tubing P, P, and the latter are suitably connected, as
shown, to a hub x, on each of said sections. It is obvious that the connections or
conduits between said fan or other source, should be adapted to the requirements
of the movable or other mold-sections.
In Figure 1, is illustrated convenient means, as below described, whereby the
air-conduit N, is kept normally closed, and may be conveniently opened by the
glass-blower when air is required to be conveyed into the mold through said
passages 17.
A post z, is fixeēd in said base 5, at one side of said conduit N. On the edge of
said flat base 5, is supported revolubly, a rod f, having a crank h, on one end, and
an arm m, on its opposite end opposite said post z.
A coil-spring o, on said rod f, has one end attached to the latter, and one end
attached to said base, which spring acts in a well known manner to exert a rolling
force upon said rod, whereby said arm m, is forced against said conduit N, and so
compresses it as to prevent the passage of air therethrough.
In operating the said mold and the described air-supply devices connected there-
with, the glass-blower, having taken the molten glass upon the blow-iron, swings
one or both sections of the mold apart by applying his foot to the bar or handle 3,
and bringing the blow-iron over the mold he places the glass thereon between said
mold-sections, closes the latter, and simultaneously applies his mouth to the
iron and his foot upon the said crank h, thereby causing, at the same time, currents
of air, under the required pressure, to act upon the interior and exterior surfaces of
the article being blown while in the mold. When the blower removes his foot from
said crank h, the air-supply from conduit N, is automatically shut off; the mold
is opened and the blown glass article is removed from the mold on the blow-iron,
as usual.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A mold in which forms are imparted to warm plastic substances, provided
with means for the introduction of air to the inner wall thereof, whereby the space
between an article in process of formation in said mold and said wall, shall contain,
temporarily, air under more or less pressure, substantially as set forth.
2. A mold in which forms are imparted to hot plastic substances having in the
walls thereof one or more air-passages extending from the inner surface of the
mold outwardly and means for conveying air to said passages whereby the same
is delivered at said inner mold-surface, substantially as described.
3. A mold in which forms are imparted to hot plastic substances having in the
walls thereof one or more air-passages extending from the inner surface of the
mold outwardly, and means for conveying air to said passages and for regulating
the delivery thereof through said passages to said inner surface under varying
degrees of pressure, substantially as described.
4. A mold in which forms are imparted to hot plastic substances having within
the walls thereof one or more air-chambers, and one or more air-passages extend-
ing from said chambers to the inner surface of the mold, and means for supplying
air to said chambers under more or less pressure, substantially as described.
5. A mold in which forms are imparted to hot plastic substances having within
the walls thereof one or more air-chambers, several air-passages extending from
said chambers to the inner surface of the mold, air-conducting channels in the
inner surface of the mold extending between said passages, and means for supply-
ing air to said chambers under more or less pressure, substantially as set forth.
6. A mold in which forms are imparted to hot plastic substances having in the
walls thereof one or more air-passages extending from the inner surface of the
mold outwardly, means for conveying air to said passages whereby the same is
delivered at said inner mold-surface, and valves in the wall of the mold adjustable

page_text: relative to said passages, whereby the latter are restricted or enlarged, substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 7th day of July 1897
MICHAEL JOSEPH OWENS.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.