IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, CONVEYING, AND DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
STOCKER, of Barford Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and GEORGE STOCKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cock
Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the fifth year of Her
reign, did give and grant unto us, the said Samuel Stocker and George
sole
Stocker, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
privilege and authority, that we, the said Samuel Stocker and George Stocker,
our exors, admors, and assigns, and every of them, by ourselves or themselves,
or by our or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as we,.
the said Samuel Stocker and George Stocker, our exors, adiñors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times hereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, CONVEYING, AND DRAWING OFF
LIQUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging
us, the said Samuel Stocker and George Stocker, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to

page_text: cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had),
may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Samuel Stocker and George Stocker, do hereby declare the nature of our
said improvements, and the manner in which the same are to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our improvements relate to certain Mechanical Arrangements and Ap-
paratus for Raising, Forcing, Conveying, and Drawing off Liquids, which we
will proceed to describe.
The first part of our said improvements relates to pumps, and consists in a
novel and peculiar arrangement, by which the valves and piston are at all
times accessible without the necessity of disconnecting the suction or forcing
pipes attached thereto, as is commonly the case, and further to an arrange-
ment whereby the leakage of the stuffing box, which so frequently occurs in
forcing pumps, is entirely obviated.
The second part of our improvements relates in part to "water-closets,"
and consists in the application of metal plates rubbing or sliding against each
other, and worked by any suitable mechanical contrivance for the purpose of
drawing off the contents of the basins of water-closets. But although we
have represented the application of these plates to water-closets only, we wish
it to be perfectly understood that the same are particularly applicable in all
cases where the transit of noxious effluiva is required, since by this arrange-
ment the plates work air-tight, and prevent any smell arising; and further to
a method of effecting the same by the use of a cylinder, having a piston or
stop working inside thereof.
The third part of our said improvements relates to cocks for the purpose of
drawing off liquids, and consists in an improved form in the construction of
such cocks, which form obviates the disadvantage attending ordinary cocks,
arising from the blow which must necessarily be struck to hold them tight in
their places having a tendency to make the seat into which the plug fits of an
oval shape, thereby causing leakage; by the form of construction herein-after
described, the possibility of leakage is entirely prevented.
The fourth part of our said improvements relates to a method or methods
of connecting "pipes" at their ends.
We will now proceed to describe the Drawings.

page_text: In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents an elevation of a forcing pump; Figure 2,
a vertical section of the same; Figures 3 and 4, detached parts of Figure 2.
A, A, the handle or lever having its fulcrum at B fixed to a bracket or board;
the short end of this lever is connected by a joint to the rod C, the bottom of
the rod being furnished with an arm D, at the opposite end of which is
fastened the piston rod E, working in the guide F, and through the stuffing
box G, the upper end of the rod being connected to the piston or bucket H,
fitted at the top side with a valve I, having a T-headed screw, marked 1,
inserted in the upper part of the bucket to prevent the valve being lifted out
of its place, except at will, and working in the barrel K, the top and bottom
of which are fitted with screwed caps made air-tight. At the top and bottom
side of this barrel picces or arms 2, 2, are cast or otherwise fixed, for receiving
the suction and forcing valves L and M (sce detached parts, Figures 3 and 4,
which are also fitted with screwed caps N and O, and made air-tight by leather
washers or otherwise.
Figure 5 represents a detached view of the piston or bucket with its rod,
shewing the manner of connecting the two rods C and E. It will appear
evident that by this arrangement much trouble and time will be saved from the
great facilities afforded for getting to the valves and piston without removing
any pipes, together with its being perfectly free from leakage at the stuffing-box.
The operation of a pump being so well known it is useless to describe it.
In Sheet 2, Figure 1 represents a vertical section, and Figure 2 an elevation
of a water-closet adapted for ships or domestic purposes. a, an ordinary handle
attached to the vertical rod b, having a guide c to preserve a perpendicular
motion. This rod is connected to a lever or arm d, and fixed upon one end
of the transverse shaft e, working through collars in the brackets f, f, the other
end of the rod being firmly secured to the vertical stop plate g. This plate is
made with a circular hole through it, and furnished with a circular piece of
any suitable flexible material of the same size as the plate, and screwed
against one side thereof. This flexible material is kept in close contact with
the smooth surface of the casting i (against which it rubs or slides) by the
set screw k. The operation is as follows:-By raising the handle a the cock
connecting with the reservoir will be opened (by an arrangement herein-after
described), and the lever or arm & being firmly secured upon the transverse
shaft c, will actuate the stop plate g, and the hole h being brought opposite to
a corresponding hole in the eduction pipe 1, the contents of the basin will then
pass off, when, by the depression of the handle a, which may be made self-

page_text: acting by a counter-balance weight or spring, or other suitable contrivance,
the communication between the two plates will be cut off, and the return of
the effluvia thus prevented. Figures 3 and 4 are modifications of the foregoing,
having the stop plate placed horizontally, the contents of the basin passing
off from the bottom of the basin instead of the side. a, a, the handle or lever
fixed upon the vertical rod 6 working in collars. Upon this rod is keyed the
sector c, taking into another sector d fixed upon the vertical rod e, connecting
with the stop plate f. The action is as follows:-By pushing the handle or
lever a in the direction shewn by the arrow's flight, the cock g communicating
with the reservoir will be opened by the levers h and i attached to and moving
with the sector d; the holes will thus be brought opposite to each other, and
the contents of the basin will pass off, when the lever or handle a may be
returned by any suitable contrivance, and will be ready to perform another
similar evolution. Figures 5 and 6 represent detached views of the stop plate.
Figure 7 represents a vertical section of a water-closet which we desig-
nate a house or cylinder closet. a, a, the cylinder, made perfectly smooth
and true on the inside thereof, and furnished with a metal stop or piston 6 of
rather smaller diameter than the cylinder; around the top and bottom of this
piston or stop 6 we pass any flexible material c, c, for the purpose of
keeping the piston or stop 6 air or water tight. Upon the upper side of the
piston or stop b a rod d is fastened, working air-tight through a stuffing
box e; upon one part of the rod d an arm g is fastened, connecting by the
rod i with the lever h, having its fulcrum at k, and is for the purpose of
opening and shutting the cock communicating with the reservoir. The action
will
is as follows:-By raising the handle fixed upon the rod d the arm g
actuate the lever h, and allow the water from the reservoir to flow into the
basin of the closet; the piston or stop 6 being raised at the same time a com-
munication will be established between the eduction pipe land upper pipe m,
connecting with the basin, the contents of which will pass off, when the
apparatus may brought into its former position by any suitable contrivance.
We would here remark, that at one side of the cylinder a we have an opening
to allow the air which may accumulate in the upper part of the cylinder to
pass off into the eduction pipe l. The advantages of the foregoing arrange-
ment are obvious, and require no further comment.
In Sheet 3, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, represent several views of improved forms
of construction of cocks. a, a, the part which enters the cask or vessel; b, that
part which receives the blow; c, the plug; d, d, the waterway or passage for
the flow of the liquid. Figure 6 is a plan of another mode of effecting the
same object. It will be scen by referring to the Drawing that the cylinder c of

page_text: the cock on this plan is placed in a direct line with the shank a, and protected
from the effects of blows by the guard e cast upon or otherwise secured in
front of the shank. The advantages arising from these forms of construction
are evident, and having been fully explained in the foregoing part require no
further remark.
Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, represent several views of a cock particularly
adapted for drawing off acidulated liquids, such as vinegar, cider, &c. By
this arrangement the parts exposed to the action of the liquids being
constructed of materials which withstand the chemical effects of such liquids
thereon, render such cocks durable and effective. a, a, the shank made of
horn or other suitable material; b, b, openings through which the liquid passes;
c, c, a metal frame or moveable cylinder, which we call a skeleton cylinder,
upon or against one of the open sides of which is placed a piece of cork d, d,
forming the segment of a circle sufficient to occupy the open space in the
skeleton cylinder, and having a hole through it for the passage of the liquid
inside of this cylinder c, c, and against the cork or flexible material d, d. The
plug of horn or other suitable material e, e, (that will withstand the action of
acid) works by a key placed upon the square pin f, f, having passed the
frame or moveable cylinder c, c, with the cork through the shank a, a. The
frame or moveable skeleton cylinder is secured in its place by the nut g; the
plug being inserted, and the cap h, h, screwed on, the cock is ready for use,
and may readily be taken to pieces when required to renew the cork.
In Sheet 4, Figure 12 represents an elevation, and Figure 18 a section of
a moveable apparatus adapted for drawing off effervescing liquids, fermenting
liquids, and liquids charged with gases. By this arrangement any quantity of
the liquid contained in such bottle or vessel may be drawn off at pleasure
without the remaining part undergoing any change, as is commonly the case
when opening bottles containing such liquids when only a part of the contents
thereof are required. a, a, represents an ordinary soda water bottle inverted,
the mouth of which rests upon or the neck of the bottle may be surrounded
by any suitable elastic material b, b, placed or fixed upon the plate c, c. At the
ends of this plate are fixed the rods d and e passing through holes in the
plate ff. This plate is also furnished with any suitable elastic material g, g.
At the under side of the plate c, c, is a cylinder, h, h, having a piston and
rod i, i, working air-tight therein. At the upper side of the piston i a cork-
'screw k is secured for the purpose of drawing the cork l; m, m, a tube
furnished with a cock n for drawing off the liquid. The operation is as
follows Having previously removed the wire from the cork, and placed the
mouth of the bottle upon the elastic cushion b, b, the uppermost part of the

page_text: bottle is secured by the plate f, f, being passed over the rods d and e, and
tightened by the nuts o, o. The mouth of the bottle being thus pressed
against the clastic cushion b, b, renders it perfectly air-tight at this part; and
by pushing and turning the piston and rod i, i, and corkscrew k into the
position shown by red lines, the string over the cork will be cut by a knife
fixed to the piston i. The cork can now be removed, when the liquid may be
drawn off by the cock n. The apparatus is represented as being in a stand p
for convenience.
Figures 14 and 15 represent two views of our improved method or
methods of connecting pipes to each other at their ends. a, a, a metal
ferrule having a conical hole through it into which the lead pipe is inserted
and made to fit the cone by driving a taper plug into the end thereof. Upon
one part of this metal ferrule a screw c is cut and passes through a hole in
a similar metal ferrule d fixed upon the end of the pipe requiring to be con-
nected, and having also undergone the process of swelling. A piece of metal e,
having a flexible collar f passed around it, is first inserted into each of the
conical ends of the pipes, the screw being afterwards passed through a hole in
the metal piece d screwed up tight by the nuts f, f. placed at opposite sides to
cach other, the effect of which is the pressure from the ends of the pipes
against each side of the flexible collar g, by which arrangement pipes may be
more easily and securely connected than by the method now in use. Figures 10
and 17 are modifications of the foregoing, and require no explanation.
Having now described the nature of our said improvements, and the manner
in which the same are to be performed, we wish it to be perfectly understood
that we claim as our Invention,―
Firstly, the mode herein-before particularly described of arranging the
valves of pumps, and the application of the screwed caps herein-before
described as used therein, for the purpose of rendering the valves more
accessible when required to remove obstructions or repair such valves. And
further, we claim as our Invention the manner of working the piston rod to
which the bucket or piston is attached, by passing it through a stuffing box
placed at the under side of the barrel, whereby leakage at the stuffing box is
prevented, since by the upward stroke or lift of the pump the water or liquid
so raised can only pass through the upper or main forcing valve.
Secondly, we claim as our Invention the application of one or more plates,
whether worked by sliding against each other or by rubbing against each other,
and constructed of any suitable material, for the purposes herein-before parti-
cularly described, and also the application of a cylinder or cylinders, having
stops or pistons working air-tight in the said cylinder or cylinders, and for the

page_text: purposes herein-before particularly described; and although we have shown this
part of our Invention as applied to water-closets, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim as our Invention the application of such plates and
cylinders and pistons or stops in all cases where it is desirous to prevent an
escape of any noxious effluvia under circumstances that would render such a
stink trap available.
Thirdly, we claim as our Invention in cocks the placing of the cylinder,
into which the plug or key works at one side and at right angles, or nearly so,
to that part of the cock (called the shank) which receives the blow for fixing
the same in a cask or other vessel, and the arrangement shewn at Figure 6
for protecting the cylinder from the effects of such blows when the cylinder
is in a line with the shank. And further, we claim the skeleton cylinder to
receive the horn plug and the slice of cork or other suitable material used to
fill up the space in the skeleton cylinder and complete the cylinder, as shown
in the Drawings. And further, we claim as our Invention the mode herein-
before particularly described of "drawing off" effervescing liquids, fermenting
liquids, and liquids charged with gases, as shewn at Figures 12 aud 13 in Sheet 4.
Fourthly, we claim as our Invention the manner herein-before particularly
described of connecting pipes together at their ends (as shewn by Figures 14
and 15), and the use of any suitable elastic material placed between the ends
of such pipes or any other flexible pipes so connected, for the purpose of
preventing leakage and superseding soldering; but we wish it to be understood,
that we do not claim the connecting pipes together as shewn at Figures 16
and 17, excepting as regards the use or application of a suitable flexible
material to the ends of such pipes in manner aforesaid.
Another part of our improvements in apparatus for drawing off liquids, in
addition to the improvements herein-before described for that purpose, are
delineated on Sheet Z. Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a cock for
drawing off liquids, the peculiar construction of which I will now describe, refer-
ence being made to the Drawings on Sheet Z. Figure 1 shows how we construct
cocks so as to prevent leakage. The Drawing, Figure 1, represents a vertical
longitudinal section of a cock, the part A being that which is inserted into the
vessel from which you want to draw off liquid. Figure 2 is a horizontal
section through the line a, a, of Figure 1, and shews in plan the two holes B, B
through which the liquid runs from the cock when the round disc C" (which
we prefer to consist of porcelain) has been moved by the action of the key so
as to bring the two holes B, B, in the round disc of porcelain C, opposite to
the two holes in the body of the cock B, B, Figure 2. Figure 3 is a vertical

page_text: section of the cock through the line b, b, on Figure 1, and it shows the
holes B, B, in the moveable disc of porcelain C, C, opposite the two holes in
the body of the cock, or in that position which is requisite for drawing off
liquids. In Figure 1, I have shewn a piece of cork e, fixed between the two
surfaces. The face on that part of the porcelain c, c, which works against the
cock, has two raised V-formed rings of an inverted form, working into corre-
sponding depressions in the cork. Leakage into the key chamber, as also through
the nozel or waterway, is prevented as follows:-The nut C is screwed upon
the bottom of the shaft or axle d; the latter has a shoulder which rests upon
a corresponding one in the key chamber. The nut, as it is screwed up, causes
the shaft or axle to take its bearing from the shoulder of the same, and
thereby compress the round disc of porcelain into the flexible material, where
the V-formed rings will become completely imbedded in the same, and by this
peculiar construction of cock a complete and perfect security from leakage is
obtained. We prefer porcelain for the part C, in consequence of its not being
of a corrodible nature, and will thereby keep the stop of the cock perfect for
a longer period. We nevertheless shall be at liberty to apply any
other mate-
rial, so that we do not depart from the peculiar construction of this cock or
apparatus for drawing off liquids represented by Figures 1 to 12 in Sheet Z.
In respect to which cock or apparatus, we claim, in addition to the above-
mentioned claims, as part of our Invention, the combination of all the several
parts thereof one with another, as herein-before described, and in particular
the adaptation of the round disc C to the shaft or axle D, by means of a
square or other suitable formed part of that axle, which part is fitted to a
corresponding hole through the centre of the round disc, and with a nut screwed
on a screw at the end of the axle to confine the disc in close contact with the
surface against which it is to fit and apply for stopping the liquid, the said shaft
or axle being fitted into and passing through a socket into which the liquid can
have no admittance.
And we also claim the application of keys to cocks for drawing off
liquids when made by the aid of discs and pressure, after being cast in the
ordinary manner.
Figure 4, Sheet Z, is the nose or spout which is screwed to the body
of the cock. Figure 5 is a plan, section, and elevation of the round disc
of porcelain C, C, in Figures 1 and 3. Figure 6 is a plan of the cock,
Figure 7 is an end elevation of the cock. Figure 8 is a sido elevation
of the cock. Figure 9 is an elevation of the shaft or axle and key attached;
which moves the round disc of porcelain C, that disc-being fitted on a square

page_text: part of the key. Figure 10 is a plan and elevation of the nut or bur, which is
screwed on to the lower end of the shaft or axle, Figure 9. Figure 11 is a
plan and elevation of the metallic washer, which is placed between the nut or
bur, and the round disc of porcelain C, Figure 1 and 3. Figures 1 to 11
inclusive relate to a cock, having the key affixed to the shaft or axle.
Figure 12 shows in longitudinal sectional elevation part of a cock for drawing
off liquids, constructed in the same manner as the above, except that Figure 12
is constructed so that the key can be detached from the shaft or axle. It is
what is technically termed a lock cock, Sheet Z. Figure 13 is a side elevation
of another apparatus or cock for drawing off liquids. Figure 14 is an end
elevation of the same. Figure 15 is a plan. Figure 16, a longitudinal section
of the same. The body A of the cock is that which is inserted into a vessel
for drawing off liquid, and consists of a valve, which is drawn upwards into its
seat or fitting in the act of shutting; the valve B is raised or lowered by the
screwed handle C, having a plug E at the bottom. The plug moves through
a hollow cork cylinder c, and they fit each other sufficiently to prevent leakage
between them. The valve B is connected to the plug E by a short link F,
which is obtained by pouring the metal B and E in a liquid state round the
part F; and we put a little whiting, or other material, round the part F before
the joint is made, in order that the two parts should not become too closely
united or adhered together, with a ball and socket joint, which socket joint
allows the valve B to seat itself properly, notwithstanding any little inaccuracy
in the screwed handle C. The cock showed at Figure 13, and now described,
will be found advantageous when used on service pipes under a great pressure
of liquid, the pressure of which on the bottom of the valve will tend to shut the
valve, and thereby prevent leakage.
We therefore further and lastly claim as our Invention the sole right of
making cocks in the manner which we have described in words and also
delineated in elevation at Figure 13, of which Figure 14 is an end elevation.
Figure 15 is a plan of the cock. Figure 16 is a vertical longitudinal section.
Figure 17 is a plan and section of the cap a in Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16.
Figure 18 is a plan of the upper and under surfaces of the screw 6 in
Figures 13, 14, and 16, to prevent leakage through the end of the cock.
And such our said Invention being, to the best of our knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, we do hereby declare
this to be our Specification of the same, and that we do verily believe this our
Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise,

page_text: with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent con-
tained; wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege
to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Stocker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
SAM (L.B.) STOCKER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of March,
in the year of our Lord 1842, the aforesaid Samuel Stocker came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-two.