A Trennawan mom ou
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn, City, London, Patent Agent, for the
Invantion of 16 A Trennawan mom ou " A
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 17th June 1853.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street,
Holborn (City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STOVE OR KILN " to be as
follows:-
The kilu is composed of a long channel of any suitable form, the
brick floor of which is provided with two lines of rails. The walls are
straight, excepting a groove parallel with the floor at the height of a
brick. The top of the channel is slightly vaulted. This channel is
closed at each end by doors; the first rises or falls in grooves by means
of a counterweight; the second, a yard from the first, drops outwards so
as to prolong the floor & rails of the channel. At the upper end is a

page_text: chimney of any height suitable to the fuel used, and communicates
with both ends of the fire-place, with the upper end directly & with
the lower end by means of a fluc under or at the side of the first, and
is regulated by registers. The channel instead of being horizontal may
have a fall from end to end to assist circulation. Laterally about the
middle of the channel is placed the fire, arranged so as to conduct the
flame into the channel. On the rails run wagons which join together
& fit in the grooves in the walls of the kiln, so as to intercept all
communication above and below the wagons. These wagons, if the
diameter of the wheels & their adjustment be suitable, descend alone,
and a system of stoppage is arranged at the lower end, or they may be
contrived to circulate by means of chain & hooks put in motion by
any suitable means. The kiln being ready for use, the first door is
opened, & a wagon filled with materials to be baked is passed on, &
the door closed the second door is then opened, & the wagon
advanced by means of a chain; another wagon is substituted, filled, &
passed on in the same manner, and so on till the kiln is filled. The
length of the chamel graduates the heat, so that
baked passes from a low to a high degree of heat.
the fire should be kept steady; the temperature can be ascertained by
means of two bars of iron joined together; one bar receives the heat,
and the other is exposed to the air. The proportionate lengths of these
bars (indicated by points) shows the degree of heat. In addition, a
stove is constructed of dimensions suitable to the nature of the products,
furnished with sloping rails & wagons having two stands on which
the tiles & other products are placed seperate from each other. The
excess of heat from the first oven is received by replacing the vault by
a series of cast iron plates forming a groove, or by cast iron pipes
through which the external air is passed. The hot air is made to enter
the lower end of the stove, and issues at the upper end, where it passes
through a chimney.
the material to be
During the baking

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 17th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Iler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford, Her special licence that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad, for "AN IMPROVED STOVE OR KILN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
saine to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My improvements in the burning of bricks, tiles, and ceramic sub-
stances consist in the following apparatus, which is constructed so as to
bring these substances from the cold state to a complete baking, and
vice versa, without any sudden transition, This apparatus, combined

page_text: with a drying stove constructed on the improved principle, gives very
advantageous results in the above manufacture. This furnace or kiln,
although used principally for burning tiles, bricks, and ceramic sub-
stances, will do also for burning lime, plaster, and other substances
requiring a graduated heat. It consists of a channel, flue, or tunnel
above ground with four sides, or shaped otherwise, having about 98 feet
in length according to the clay and the form of the articles to be burnt.
This tunnel may be either in one straight length or circular, or in two
parallel lengths, its form depending only on the will of the builder.
It is only essential that the fire-place be at about two fifths of the
length in the 1st and 2 plan. In the first plan, which is the simplest,
because there is only one line of rails, it is necessary to place a
fire-place on each side in order to obtain a perfect baking. In the
second plan the waggons used in the first plan will be replaced by a
cast or wrought iron circular table, which rolls on casters, and is
mounted with fire bricks; the articles to be burnt are placed on this
table or on a table formed of fire clay. The furnace is charged and
discharged at the same point and by means of three doors. The fire-
place being outside the tunnel, at three fifths of its length from the
charging point, sends out heat in both directions; it may be double, if
required, i.e., there may be a fire-place inside the circular tunnel like
the one outside. The tunnel for the passage of heat in the circular
plan has the same arrangements as that which I am going to describe,
and which I have chosen for my example. The chimney, which is
placed in the centre, carries off the draught of the two portions of the
tunnel or channel. The drying stove built on the burning tunnel has
the same arrangements, and is provided like the burning tunnel with a
turn-table and waggons with trellis for drying. The third plan, with
the tunnel in two parallel lengths and the fire-place at the end, is the
one I have chosen as an example, because it suited better the case
where I have applied the system, and because it only requires one fire-
place. I am going to give a description and drawing of this furnace
with such details as will enable any engineer to construct it.
The furnace consists of two parallel tunne s, one for burning, the other
for coaling. These two tunnels are sloping for facilitating the progress

page_text: of the articles treated.
At one end and opposite the burning channel
is a fire side which is more or less spacious according as the fuel is
coal, peat, or wood. At the other extremity, and by the side of the
two channels, is the chimney, which receives the draught from the
burning channel immediately, and from the drying channel by means
of a fluc. On the turn-table of the two channels there are rails for
waggons, which consist of a frame covered with bricks, and carried by
means of brackets on two axles with two wheels each. These waggons
fit into each other by means of a rebate, and into the grooved side
walls of the furnace, so as to prevent any communication between the
top and the bottom. When the diameter of the wheels is taken of the
proper sizes and the fitting is good the waggons will descend by their
own gravity. A stopping apparatus is therefore fixed at the end of the
burning channel so as to stop the waggons when necessary; or else the
circulation of the waggons may be obtained by an iron rack passing
under the axles, and having at its upper end a swivel hook which
draws the whole line of waggons by passing underneath the axle of the
last of them. This chain is drawn by a windlass. In front of the fire-
place a sliding plate schifts the waggons from the burning channel to
the cooling channel.
Explanation of the Drawings and of the working of the furnace:-
A, is the fire-place; B, the waggon on the turn-table C, laden with
dry bricks or tiles is shoved into the shed D. When it is in the
first door E, is shut; this door, carrying rails, continues, when open,
the railway. The second door F, is then opened. By means of
a rack carrying or pushing a latch shewn in the longitudinal section
through a, b, the waggon is drawn through the second door F, the
latch then is drawn back to the entrance so that it may serve to push
the second waggon. The second door is shut next, and the first re-
opened; a second waggon is then brought forward in the same manner
so as to push the first, and so on till the second waggon B, has got to
G, on the sliding plate. After a stoppage long enough for burning the
articles placed on the waggon, the sliding plate is drawn back by means
of a rack, and the crank H, acted upon by a fly wheel till it gets to J.
By means of an iron rod K, passing through a tube the waggon is

page_text: pushed into the cooling flue, after which the sliding plate is brought
home again. The sliding plate runs on four wheels upon iron or cast
iron rails. The cross section through g, h, shews a layer of bricks on
this plate to prevent the cast iron from getting hot, and at the left-hand
end there is a hollow pile of brickwork which fills the empty space L,
and prevents the flame from circulating under the waggons when the
plate is shifted. At the other end there is another pile to guide the flame
in the burning furnace, and only to let a small quantity of heat pass
through the aperture M, into the cooling furnace. The waggon runs
down the cooling flue to the point N, where a spring or catch acts in
such manner as to hold back the last and before last waggon alternately.
The catch being held down before the last waggon, and springing up
again before the last but one, the former runs into the shed P,
through the door O, which is opened. The door O, is then shut, and the
door Q, being opened, the waggon is drawn away on the rails and
discharged. It is then hooked on, and by means of a small windlass
at R, it is drawn up to the turn-table S, which brings it back to the
plate C, with a new charge for the furnace. As the fire is made at A,
the greater portion of the heat takes its course through the burning
channel of the furnace, and the fire bridge T, being placed so that the
heat only reaches the article on the table of the waggon. The tem-
perature diminishes as the distance from the fire-place increases as far
as the point U, where the draught enters the chimney C. But if for
certain articles the heat is not sufficiently graduated, this defect may
be thoroughly obviated by means of the escape channel V, which
communicates with the burning channel through valves X, X, and
with the chimney by a flue Z. This contrivance allows the heat to be
graduated at all points of the length and keeps up the draught of the
chimney without danger of the articles cracking. A portion of the heat
passes into the cooling channel, where it is graduated by virtue of the
distance from the fire-place, till at the A', the draught leaves the cooling
furnace, and passes into the chimney C', through the flue B'. The
flue A, takes up the heat before it reaches the door O, so as to complete
the cooling of the articles, which may be done without danger at this
stage of the process. The furnace for burning requiring to be fed

page_text: without intermission, a continuous drying stove becomes necessary.
The drying stove which I combine with this form of the furnace, and
which may be applied on the same principles to all the other forms,
consists of a large tunnel or flue covering entirely the burning and
cooling furnace, and receiving its waste heat. This channel is shut at
cach end by doors D', E', and has rails F, for waggons along its whole
length. These waggons consist of grates of iron wire, which carry cach
piece separately, so that they all receive the current of hot air. The
rails rest on sleepers G, of stone, iron, or wood. The cold air enters
from below by carthen pipes II, and the moisture evaporates by the
roof of the drying stove, which consists of bricks or tiles placed so as to
form openings. The drying waggons W, cross section through e, f,
enter by the door D', each quarter of an hour or so, according to
the nature and the thickness of the articles. When they have got
to I, and want beating or repairing, I place a sliding plate which
allows to get out the waggon by the side. After the repairs have
been executed the waggon is shoved in again by the door I', or by
the door D', and the drying process is finished by passing through
the channel up to the door E'. At E', there is a moveable door K',
which allows the waggons to be brought back to the place where they
have to be reloaded. The empty space L', between the furnaces and
the drying stove is for drying those articles which have extraordinary
dimensions, and which are introduced by the doors O', M, N'. The
burning and cooling is watched through windows at the points P', Q.
The drying can be watched through doors in the side walls of the
drying stove. The draught of the burning and drying furnaces is
regulated by dampers R', R', respectively. By means of the length
and the construction of the channels the heat is regulated in such
manner that the bricks pass by insensible degrees into a higher tem-
perature up to the fire-place, where the burning process begun during
the approach of the waggon is finished. From the fire-place to the
end of the cooling furnace the temperature decreases, so as to send out
the articles cold. The articles cannot get cracked, because they are
burnt slowly and singly, as it were. During the burning process it is
nesessary to keep the temperature of the fire-place constant at the

page_text: degree which is necessary for the thorough baking of the articles. This
temperature may be regulated by the help of two iron bars that are
connected together, and one of which receives the heat whilst the other
is exposed to the open air. The lengthening of these bars acting on
an index hand shows the degrees of heat at the fire-place. The
temperature of the drying stove may be raised to a higher degree by
forming the top of the furnace with cast iron plates, or with cast iron
pipes, through which passes the external air. The hot air is let into
the drying stove at the lower end, and takes its exit at the upper end
through a chimney.
Having described the application of my furnace to the burning of
tiles and bricks, I think it useless to repeat its application to the burning
of drain pipes, pottery ware, china, etc., etc., for which the process will
be the same in principle, although slightly modified in practice.
The burning
The furnace
The chief advantages of my system may be enunciated as follows:-
There is no risk of losing an entire kilnful of bricks.
and glazing is done to perfection and with facility.
being always hot there will be no loss of heat, besides the waste heat
being used for drying the bricks and ceramic articles. The kiln may be
kept continually at work as the seasons do not interfere with its action.
Establishments of this kind being capable of drying in a short time
they do not require to be so extensive, and consequently can be worked
with a less capital than the old ones.
I claim the continuous kilns or furnaces and drying stoves, as above
described, applied either singly or conjointly.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn, City, London, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED STOVE OR KILN "A communication
Scaled the 17th December 1853, and dated the 17th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 17th June 1853.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street,
Holborn (City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STOVE OR KILN " to be as
follows:-
The kiln is composed of a long channel of any suitable form, the
brick floor of which is provided with two lines of rails. The walls are
straight, excepting a groove parallel with the floor at the height of a
brick. The top of the channel is slightly vaulted. This channel is
closed at each end by doors; the first rises or falls in grooves by means
of a counterweight; the second, a yard from the first, drops outwards so
as to prolong the floor & rails of the channel. At the upper end is a

page_text: chimney of any height suitable to the fuel used, and communicates
with both ends of the fire-place, with the upper end directly & with
the lower end by means of a flue under or at the side of the first, and
is regulated by registers. The channel instead of being horizontal may
have a fall from end to end to assist circulation. Laterally about the
middle of the channel is placed the fire, arranged so as to conduct the
flame into the channel. On the rails run wagons which join together
& fit in the grooves in the walls of the kiln, so as to intercept all
communication above and below the wagons. These wagons, if the
diameter of the wheels & their adjustment be suitable, descend alone,
and a system of stoppage is arranged at the lower end, or they may be
contrived to circulate by means of chain & hooks put in motion by
any suitable means. The kiln being ready for use, the first door is
opened, & a wagon filled with materials to be baked is passed on, &
the door closed; the second door is then opened, & the wagon
advanced by means of a chain; another wagon is substituted, filled, &
passed on in the same manner, and so on till the kiln is filled. The
length of the channel graduates. the heat, so that the material to be
baked passes from a low to a high degree of heat. During the baking
the fire should be kept steady; the temperature can be ascertained by
means of two bars of iron joined together; one bar receives the heat,
and the other is exposed to the air. The proportionate lengths of these
bars (indicated by points) shows the degree of heat. In addition, a
stove is constructed of dimensions suitable to the nature of the products,
furnished with sloping rails & wagons having two stands on which
the tiles & other products are placed seperate from each other. The
excess of heat from the first oven is received by replacing the vault by
a series of cast iron plates forming a groove, or by cast iron pipes
through which the external air is passed. The hot air is made to enter
the lower end of the stove, and issues at the upper end, where it passes
through a chimney.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 17th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Ier
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of er reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford, Her special licence that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my exccutors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad, for "AN IMPROVED STOVE OR KILN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Oflice within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My improvements in the burning of bricks, tiles, and ceramic sub-
stances consist in the following apparatus, which is constructed so as to
bring these substances from the cold state to a complete baking, and
vice versa, without any sudden transition. This apparatus, combined

page_text: with a drying stove constructed on the improved principle, gives very
advantageous results in the above manufacture. This furnace or kiln,
although used principally for burning tiles, bricks, and ceramic sub-
stances, will do also for burning lime, plaster, and other substances
requiring a graduated heat. It consists of a channel, flue, or tunnel
above ground with four sides, or shaped otherwise, having about 98 fect
in length according to the clay and the form of the articles to be burnt.
This tunnel may be either in one straight length or circular, or in two
parallel lengths, its form depending only on the will of the builder.
It is only essential that the fire-place be at about two fifths of the
length in the 1st and 2d plan. In the first plan, which is the simplest,
because there is only one line of rails, it is necessary to place a
fire-place on each side in order to obtain a perfect baking. In the
second plan the waggons used in the first plan will be replaced by a
cast or wrought iron circular table, which rolls on casters, and is
mounted with fire bricks; the articles to be burnt are placed on this
table or on a table formed of fire clay. The furnace is charged and
discharged at the same point and by means of three doors. The fire-
place being outside the tunnel, at three fifths of its length from the
charging point, sends out heat in both directions; it may be double, if
required, i.e., there may be a fire-place inside the circular tunnel like
the one outside. The tunnel for the passage of heat in the circular
plan has the same arrangements as that which I am going to describe,
and which I have chosen for my example. The chimney, which is
placed in the centre, carries off the draught of the two portions of the
tunnel or channel. The drying stove built on the burning tunnel has
the same arrangements, and is provided like the burning tunnel with a
turn-table and waggons with trellis for drying. The third plan, with
the tunnel in two parallel lengths and the fire-place at the end, is the
one I have chosen as an example, because it suited better the case
where I have applied the system, and because it only requires one fire-
place. I am going to give a description and drawing of this furnace
with such details as will enable any engineer to construct it.
The furnace consists of two parallel tunne s, one for burning, the other
for coaling. These two tunnels are sloping for facilitating the progress

page_text: of the articles treated. At one end and opposite the burning channel
is a fire side which is more or less spacious according as the fuel is
coal, peat, or wood. At the other extremity, and by the side of the
two channels, is the chimney, which receives the draught from the
burning channel immediately, and from the drying channel by means
of a fluc. On the turn-table of the two channels there are rails for
waggons, which consist of a frame covered with bricks, and carried by
means of brackets on two axles with two wheels each. These waggons
fit into each other by means of a rebate, and into the grooved side
walls of the furnace, so as to prevent any communication between the
top and the bottom. When the diameter of the wheels is taken of the
proper sizes and the fitting is good the waggons will descend by their
own gravity. A stopping apparatus is therefore fixed at the end of the
burning channel so as to stop the waggons when necessary; or else the
circulation of the waggons may be obtained by an iron rack passing
under the axles, and having at i upper end a swivel hook which
draws the whole line of waggons by passing underneath the axle of the
last of them. This chain is drawn by a windlass. In front of the fire-
place a sliding plate schifts the waggons from the burning channel to
the cooling channel.
Explanation of the Drawings and of the working of the furnace:-
A, is the fire-place; B, the waggon on the turn-table C, laden with
dry bricks or tiles is shoved into the shed D. When it is in the
first door E, is shut; this door, carrying rails, continues, when open,
the railway.
The second door F, is then opened. By means of
a rack carrying or pushing a latch shewn in the longitudinal section
through a, b, the waggon is drawn through the second door F', the
latch then is drawn back to the entrance so that it may serve to push
the second waggon. The second door is shut next, and the first re-
opened; a second waggon is then brought forward in the same manner
so as to push the first, and so on till the second waggon B, has got to
G, on the sliding plate. After a stoppage long enough for burning the
articles placed on the waggon, the sliding plate is drawn back by means
of a rack, and the crank H, acted upon by a fly wheel till it gets to J.
By means of an iron rod K, passing through a tube the waggon is

page_text: pushed into the cooling fluc, after which the sliding plate is brought
home again. The sliding plate runs on four wheels upon iron or cast
iron rails. The cross section through g, h, shews a layer of bricks on
this plate to prevent the cast iron from getting hot, and at the left-hand
end there is a hollow pile of brickwork which fills the empty space L
and prevents the flame from circulating under the waggons when the
plate is shifted. At the other end there is another pile to guide the flame
in the burning furnace, and only to let a small quantity of heat pass
through the aperture M, into the cooling furnace. The waggon runs
down the cooling flue to the point N, where a spring or catch acts in
such manner as to hold back the last and before last waggon alternately.
The catch being held down before the last waggon, and springing up
again before the last but one, the former runs into the shed P,
through the door O, which is opened. The door O, is then shut, and the
door Q, being opened, the waggon is drawn away on the rails and
discharged. It is then hooked on, and by means of a small windlass
at R, it is drawn up to the turn-table S, which brings it back to the
plate C, with a new charge for the furnace. As the fire is made at A,
the greater portion of the heat takes its course through the burning
channel of the furnace, and the fire bridge T, being placed so that the
heat only reaches the article on the table of the waggon. The tem-
perature diminishes as the distance from the fire-place increases as far
as the point U, where the draught enters the chimney C. But if for
certain articles the heat is not sufficiently graduated, this defect may
be thoroughly obviated by means of the escape channel V, which
communicates with the burning channel through valves X, X, and
with the chimney by a flue Z. This contrivance allows the heat to be
graduated at all points of the length and keeps up the draught of the
chimney without danger of the articles cracking. A portion of the heat
passes into the cooling channel, where it is graduated by virtue of the
distance from the fire-place, till at the A', the draught leaves the cooling
furnace, and passes into the chimney C', through the flue B'. The
flue A, takes up the heat before it reaches the door O, so as to complete
the cooling of the articles, which may be done without danger at this
stage of the process. The furnace for burning requiring to be fed

page_text: without intermission, a continuous drying stove becomes necessary.
The drying stove which I combine with this form of the furnace, and
which may be applied on the same principles to all the other forms,
consists of a large tunnel or flue covering entirely the burning and
cooling furnace, and receiving its waste heat. This channel is slut at
each end by doors D', E, and has rails F', for waggons along its whole
length. These waggons consist of grates of iron wire, which carry cach
piece separately, so that they all receive the current of hot air. The
rails rest on sleepers G', of stone, iron, or wood. The cold air enters
from below by earthen pipes II, and the moisture evaporates by the
roof of the drying stove, which consists of bricks or tiles placed so as to
form openings. The drying waggons W, cross section through e, f,
enter by the door D', cach quarter of an hour or so, according to
the nature and the thickness of the articles. When they have got
to I, and want beating or repairing, I place a sliding plate which
allows to get out the waggon by the side. After the repairs have
been executed the waggon is shoved in again by the door I, or by
the door D', and the drying process is finished by passing through
the channel up to the door E'. At E', there is a moveable door K,
which allows the waggons to be brought back to the place where they
have to be reloaded. The empty space L', between the furnaces and
the drying stove is for drying those articles which have extraordinary
dimensions, and which are introduced by the doors O', M, N'. The
burning and cooling is watched through windows at the points P, Q.
The drying can be watched through doors in the side walls of the
drying stove. The draught of the burning and drying furnaces is
regulated by dampers R', R', respectively. By means of the length
and the construction of the channels the heat is regulated in such
manner that the bricks pass by insensible degrees into a higher tem-
perature up to the fire-place, where the burning process begun during
the approach of the waggon is finished. From the fire-place to the
end of the cooling furnace the temperature decreases, so as to send out
the articles cold. The articles cannot get cracked, because they are
burnt slowly and singly, as it were. During the burning process it is
nesessary to keep the temperature of the fire-place constant at the

page_text: degree which is necessary for the thorough baking of the articles. This
temperature may be regulated by the help of two iron bars that are
connected together, and one of which receives the heat whilst the other
is exposed to the open air. The lengthening of these bars acting on
an index hand shows the degrees of heat at the fire-place. The
temperature of the drying stove may be raised to a higher degree by
forming the top of the furnace with cast iron plates, or with cast iron
pipes, through which passes the external air. The hot air is let into
the drying stove at the lower end, and takes its exit at the upper end
through a chimney.
Having described the application of my furnace to the burning of
tiles and bricks, I think it useless to repeat its application to the burning
of drain pipes, pottery ware, china, etc., etc., for which the process will
be the same in principle, although slightly modified in practice.
The chief advantages of my system may be enunciated as follows:-
There is no risk of losing an entire kiluful of bricks. The burning
and glazing is done to perfection and with facility. The furnace
being always hot there will be no loss of heat, besides the waste heat
being used for drying the bricks and ceramic articles. The kiln may be
kept continually at work as the seasons do not interfere with its action.
Establishments of this kind being capable of drying in a short time
they do not require to be so extensive, and consequently can be worked
with a less capital than the old ones.
I claim the continuous kilns or furnaces and drying stoves, as above
described, applied either singly or conjointly.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, have hereunto set my hand and scal, this Fourteenth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)