IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sosthène Hugues Souchard, of the Firm Lemaires
et Souchard, of Rue de la Cerisaie, 41, at Paris, Manufacturers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
Sealed the 28th April 1874, and dated the 3rd March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sosthéne Hugues
Souchard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 3rd March 1874.
I, SOSTHÈNE HUGUES SOUCHARD, of the Firm Lemaire et Souchard, į
of Rue de la Cerisaie, 41, at Paris, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to an improved construction of lamp,
which by the adjustment or changing of certain of its component.
parts is rendered applicable to a variety of purposes, such as for ordinary
illumination, for directing the light in a particular direction, for tele-

page_text: graphic purposes, for phantasmagorical representations, and for signalling,
such lamp being also rendered readily transportable by means hereafter
described, and capable of being used as a gérandole or lustre.
The lamp is provided with a hollow wick with internal and external
air supply as in ordinary argand lamps. The gallery is provided with 5
upper apertures for the supply of air to the outsido of the flame and
lower apertures for the supply of air to the interior of the flame.
Each set of openings is provided with an internal regulating slide,
which can be adjusted by means of studs passing through slots in the
gallery, so that if the lamp is used in the open air the slide to the lower 1
openings can be moved so as to close these more or less, while if the
lamp is used in a confined space the slide to the upper openings can be
moved so to close these more or less.
When the lamp is to be used in combination with lateral reflectors for
signalling or other purposes it is provided with a wick tubo of triangular 1
form, the side of the tube next the reflector being rounded somewhat,
and the opposite apex is also rounded, and a lip projecting internally is
there provided in order to direct the air passing up through the inside of
the wick tube away from such apex.
When the lamp is to be used for ordinary illumination the above- 2
described wick tube is removed and replaced by an ordinary cylindrical
one.
The support for the globe or other receptacle for the object to be
examined or reflected by the lamp, as in lampascopes, is made adjustable
vertically upon the gallery by means of a rack and pinion, so as to allow 2
of the globe or the object being adjusted accurately relative to the focus
of the reflector, and the support is provided with rods sliding in guides,
which have set screws in order to secure the support in position when it
has been adjusted.
The reflector is mounted in an adjustable manner on a stem screwed
into a socket on the base of the lamp, which stem can also be used to
support a shade for the lamp in place of the reflector when required.
The stem can be unscrewed from its socket when the lamp is to be used
without a reflector or shade, or for facility of transport, .
When the lamp is to be transported from one place to another the a
gallery and wick tube are removed and a cap with a leather or other-

page_text: washer is screwed on to the opening of the oil reservoir so as to close it
hermetically, and thus allow the lamp to be transported while filled
with oil.
The keys or handles for adjusting the globe support and the wick are
provided with a hinged joint, so that they can be turned down in order
to occupy less space when the lamp is to be packed for transport.
For transporting the lamp a case is provided arranged so as to contain
the body of the lamp closed by the screw cap, and all its separate parts,
such as the gallery, wick tube, chimney glass, reflectors, and other
necessary adjuncts..
When a lamp constructed as above described is to be employed for
illuminating an apartment I provide for the increase of the lighting
power in the following manner :-On the neck of the lamp under the
burner I screw or fix a collar, from which project a number of candle-
stick branches. The lamp is thus made to constitute a gerandole, of
which the body or stem of the lamp forms the stand, surmounted by the
central light of the lamp, which is surrounded by the candles in the
several branches.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Sosthène Hugues Souchard in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 29th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SOSTHÈNE
HUGUES SOUCHARD, of the Firm Lemaire et Souchard, of Ruc de la
Cerisaie, 41, at Paris, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Sosthène Hugues Souchard, Her
special license that I, the said Sosthène Hugues Souchard, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Sosthène Hugues Souchard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and

page_text: at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Sosthène Hugues Souchard, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sosthène Hugues Souchard, dó
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters.
marked thereon, that is to say :—
This Invention has reference to an improved construction of lamp,
which by the adjustment or changing of certain of its component parts
is rendered applicable to a variety of purposes, such as for ordinary
illumination, for directing the light in a particular direction, for tele-
graphic purposes, for phantasmagorical representations, and for signalling,
such lamp being also rendered readily transportable by means hereafter
described, and capable of being used as a girandole or lustre.
The lamp is provided with a hollow wick with internal and external
air supply as in ordinary argand lamps. The galley is provided with
upper apertures for the supply of air to the outside of the flame and lower
apertures for the supply of air to the interior of the flame.
Each set of openings is provided with an internal regulating slide,
which can be adjusted by means of studs passing through slots in the
gallery, so that if the lamp is used in the open air the slide to the lower
openings can be moved so as to close these more or less, while if the
lamp is used in a confined space the slide to the upper openings can be
moved so as to close these more or less.
When the lamp is to be used in combination with lateral reflectors for
signalling or other purposes it is provided with a wick tube of triangular

page_text: form, the side of the tube next the reflector being rounded somewhat;
and the opposite apex is also rounded, and a lip projecting internally is
there provided in order to direct the air passing up through the inside of
the wick tube away from such apex.
When the lamp is to be used for ordinary illumination the above-
described wick tube is removed and replaced by an ordinary cylindrical
one.
The support for the globe or other receptacle for the object to be
examined or reflected by the lamp, as in lampascopes, is made adjustable
vertically upon the gallery by means of a rack and pinion, so as to allow
of the globe or the object being adjusted accurately relative to the focus
of the reflector, and the support is provided with rods sliding in guides,
which have set screws in order to secure the support in position when it
has been adjusted.
:
The reflector is mounted in an adjustable manner on a stem screwed
into a socket on the base of the lamp, which stem can also be used to
support a shade for the lamp in place of the reflector when required.
The stem can be unscrewed from its socket when the lamp is to be used
without a reflector or shade, or for facility of transport.
When the lamp is to be transported from one place to another the
gallery and wick tube are removed, and a cap with a leather or other
washer is screwed on to the opening of the oil reservoir so as to close it
hermetically, and thus allow the lamp to be transported while filled with
oil.
The keys or handles for adjusting the globe support and the wick are
provided with a hinged joint, so that they can be turned down in order
to occupy less space when the lamp is to be packed for transport.
. For transporting the lamp a case is provided arranged so as to contain
the body of the lamp closed by the screw cap, and all its separate parts,
such as the gallery, wick tube, chimney glass, reflectors, and other
necessary adjuncts.
When a lamp constructed as above described is to be employed for
illuminating an apartment I provide for the increase of the lighting
power in the following manner :- -On the neck of the lamp under the
burner I screw or fix a collar, from which project a number of candle-

page_text: stick branches. The lamp is thus made to constitute a girandole, of
which the body or stem of the lamp forms the stand, surmounted by the
central light of the lamp, which is surrounded by the candles in the
several branches.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of a lamp constructed according to my
Invention, Fig. 2 is a plan of the burner and gallery, and Fig. 3 is a
vertical section through the wick tube.
3 The gallery tube A is made with an upper and with a lower set of
openings, the former for admitting air to the exterior of the flame and
the latter for admitting air to the interior of the wick tube. Each of
these sets of openings can be more or less closed by means of the tubular
slides or shutters, a for the upper openings and 6 for the lower openings,
so that the quantities of air supplied to the interior and to the exterior
of the flame can be respectively adjusted as desired. The slides a and b
can be moved up or down for this purpose by means of pins c, c,
projecting from the slides through vertical slots in the periphery of the
tube A.
For obtaining great intensity of flame, as for signalling, the wick tube d
is of triangular form with its base and apex rounded, and a projecting
lipfis formed at the apex to deflect the air from the wick at that point,
and so prevent the irregularity of the flame that would result from the
free passage of air upwards at the apex of the burner. The glass is held
in the split tube B in the usual manner. This tube is made to suit a
glass of triangular form corresponding to that of the wick, and it may
be replaced by a tube suitable for a cylindrical glass when a cylindrical
wick is employed for purposes of ordinary illumination. The flange g
for supporting the globe is made to slide on the gallery tube, so that it
can be moved upwards or downwards by means of the rack / worked by
a pinion on the key . The flange is guided by rods i, i, sliding
through sockets fixed on the gallery tube A, and one of those sockets
may be provided with a setting screw ; to clamp the rod i which
passes through the socket, and thereby to secure the globe firmly in
position.
For convenience of transport the key ¹, as well as the key h³ for
raising the oil piston, may be jointed as shewn in Fig. 4, so that its pro-

page_text: jecting part can be folded back against the body of the lamp. The
reflectors R, R, are attached to the socket fitted to slide on a vertical
rod k, and can be secured at any desired height by means of a clamping
screw 7. The rod k is screwed into a socket k¹ provided on the body of
the lamp, whence it can be removed for convenience of transport or to
permit the stem of a shade to take its place.
A screw thread n¹ is provided on the body of the lamp for the reception
of a screw cap shewn by the dotted lines m in Fig. 1. When the
gallery, wick, reflectors, and all the other upper portions of the lamp are
removed the cap m can be screwed on to close the top of the lamp body,
a leather washer is bedded in the cap which renders the joint of the cap
to the lamp tight against leakage of oil when the lamp is moved from
place to place or turned over in packing it for transport.
The screw thread m serves also for the reception of a screw collar
supporting the arms of a chandelier, as shewn in sido view at Fig. 5 and
in plan Fig. 6. p is the collar, from which extend the several branches r, r,
each carrying a socket for the reception of a candle 8. By this arrange-
ment a chandelier of ornamental form is produced, having high
illuminating power from the central flame of the lamp combined with
the flames of the candles surrounding it.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The use for regulating the supply of air to the exterior and to
the interior of a lamp flame, of tubular slides or shutters fitted inside the
gallery tube of the lamp, substantially as herein described.
Second. Constructing the wick of a lamp in the form of a triangle
rounded at the base and apex so as to obtain greater luminous intensity,
with an air deflecting lip at the apex, substantially as herein described.
Third. Mounting the globe of a lamp upon a slide so as to be adjust-
able in height, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein
set forth..
Fourth. The use of an oil-tight cover screwed on the body of the
lamp for convenience of transport, substantially as herein described.
Fifth. The use for a lamp of jointed keys, which can be folded back
for packing and transport of the lamp.

page_text: Sixth. The combination with a lamp of a chandelier the branches of
which extend from a central collar screwed on the body of the lamp,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sosthène Hugues Souchard, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, 5
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
SOSTHENE HUGUES SOUCHARD. ~(L.S.)
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAud, J'.,
Civil Engineer,
23, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
Paris.
De
10
I s
j
c) g.