IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE HAULING, TIGHTENING, OR PULLING OF ROPES, CORDS, CHAINS, BANDS, AND OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND FOR THE HOLDING OR MAKING FAST SUCH ROPES OR OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND LOOSING THE SAME WHEN DESIRED
Year: 1868

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to ARTHUR PAGET, of
Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE HAULING,
TIGHTENING, OR PULLING OF ROPES, CORDS, CHAINS, BANDS, AND OTHER
MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND FOR THE HOLDING OR MAKING FAST SUCH
ROPES OR OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND LOOSING THE SAME
WHEN DESIRED," bearing date the 21st April 1868, No. 1295.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
filed by the Patentee, the said Arthur Paget, in the Great Seal
Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates,
according to the Statute in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS Her Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date the 21st April One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, did grant unto me, the said Arthur Paget, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, the sole privilege of making, using, exer-
cising, and vending my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR

page_text: THE HAULING, TIGHTENING, OR PULLING OF ROPES, CORDS, CHAINS, BANDS, AND
OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND FOR THE HOLDING OR MAKING FAST SUCH
ROPES OR OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND LOOSING THE SAME WHEN DESIRED,"
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and the Isle of Man, during the term of fourteen years thence
next ensuing:
And whereas in pursuance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent
contained, I, the said Arthur Paget, did cause an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly describing and ascertaining the
nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same was to be
performed, to be duly filed in Her Majesty's Great Seal Patent Office :
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification I have ascer-
tained that it is doubtful whether certain parts of the said Invention
claimed therein are of sufficient novelty to render it expedient to retain
the same:
And whereas I have found that by the omission of a word and the
mispelling of another word the meaning of certain sentences is rendered
obscure:
And whereas I am desirous for the better protection of my rights
in the said Letters Patent to disclaim and alter such parts of the said
Specification.
NOW KNOW YE, that by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-
General, and for the reasons aforesaid, I, the said Arthur Paget, do
hereby disclaim the parts following of the said Specification, as the same
appears in the print of the Specification, No. 1295, of 1868, as issued
under the direction of the Commissioners of Patents, that is to say :-
66
The part of the said printed Specification beginning on page 5, line 26,
with the words "such ratchet" and ending with the word "chain" on
line 30 of the same page; the part beginning on page 6, line 3, with the
words "Another part of my Invention" and ending with the word
"together" on line 9 of the same page; the word "such" and the words
or other" on line 11, page 6; the words "or cylinders" and the words
" or part of the cylinder" on line 12, page 6; the words "or parts of
cylinders" on line 14, page 6; the words "or parts of cylinders" on
line 15, page 6. The part beginning with the words "Another part of
at line 18, page 6, and ending with the word "quarter"
at line 34, page 6. The part beginning with the words "This arrange-
ment" at line 3, page 7, and ending with the word " employing" on
my Invention "

page_text: page 7,
A
line 5, page 7; the part commencing with the words "this arrange-
ment "
on line 6, and ending with the word " carrying" on line 7,
page 7; the words "or common" on line 9, page 7; the word "lever"
on line 11, page 7; the part beginning with the words "or the pawl"
on line 14, and ending with the word " pawl on line 24, page 7;
the part beginning with the words "Figures 3 and 3" on line 10,
page 9,
A
and ending with the word "pulley" on line 22, page 9; the part
beginning with the words "it is evident" on line 12, page 10, and
ending with the word "desired" on line 2, page 11; the words "as in
Figures 5 and 5" on line 8, page 11; the part beginning with the
words "In all" on line 24, page 11, and ending with the words "crabs"
on line 3, page 13; the part beginning with the words "Figure 12 on
line 30, page 13, and ending with the word "concussion" on line 5,
page 14; the part beginning with the word Second" on line 12,
page 15, and ending with the word "chain" on line 16 of the same
with
page; the part beginning the word "Fourth" on line 25, page 15,
and ending with the word "together" on line 30 of the same page; the
words "such" and "or other" and "or cylinder" on line 32, page 15;
the words "or part of the cylinder" on line 33; the words "or parts of
34; and the words or parts of cylinders" on line
"
A
the words
^
pago 16,
^
"
cylinders" on line 36, all on page 15; the part beginning with the word
"Sixth" on line 1, page 16, and ending with the word "quarter" on
line 16 of the same page; the part beginning with
"This arrange-
ment" on line 19, page 16, and ending with the word "employing '
on line 22 of the same page; the part beginning with the word
"this" on line 22, page 16, and ending with the word "carrying"
on line 23 of the same page; the word "or". on line 25, and the
word "common on line 26, page 16; the word "lever" on line 27,
page 16; the part beginning with the words "or the pawl on
line 30, page 16, and ending with the word "pawl" on line 2, page 17.
And in order that the Specification may read correctly and consistently
I do, with leave as aforesaid, amend the said Specification by. sub-
stituting the word "if" for the word "of" on line 37, page 7, and
by adding the word "to" after the word "secured" on line 38, page.9;
and--before--the-word--"-the-"--on--line--+-page--e, by substituting the word
"Second" for "Third" on line 17, page 15; by substituting the word
"Third" for "Fifth " on line 31, page 15; by substituting the word
"Fourth" for "Ninth " on line 17, page 16; and by substituting the
word "Fifth" for "Thirteenth" on line 3, page 17. And in order that

page_text: the effect of the present Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
'may be clearly shown and understood I will proceed to repeat the said
Specification as proposed to be hereby altered.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
PAGET, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-first
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Arthur Paget, Her special license that I, the
said Arthur Paget, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Arthur Paget, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE HAULING,
TIGHTENING, OR PULLING OF ROPES, CORDS, CHAINS, BANDS, AND OTHER MECHANICAL
EQUIVALENTS, AND FOR THE HOLDING OR MAKING FAST SUCH ROPES OR OTHER
MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND LOOSING THE SAME WHEN DESIRED," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Paget, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Paget, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:-
One part of my Invention has reference to retaining or holding pulleys
or snatch blocks for tightening ropes, cords, chains, or other mechanical
equivalents, and consists, in one part, in combining such pulleys, formed
by preference with a V groove, with a ratchet wheel and fixed pawl so

page_text: arranged that the pulley is allowed to revolve in the direction in which
the rope or chain is hauled, but can be prevented from revolving in the
contrary direction.
Another part of my Invention consists in combining with the aforesaid
ratchet pulley a ratchet lever or lever carrying a pawl in gear with the
said ratchet wheel or a separate ratchet wheel, and so arranged that
when the rope or chain can no longer be hauled by the hand then by
working the said lever the greater purchase obtained thereby and the
friction or grip or hold afforded by the pulley will enable the rope to
be still further tightened. Such lever may either be worked by the
hand, or I arrange the same by preference as a treadle to be worked
by the foot.
Another part of my Invention consists in an arrangement to increase
the hold on the rope afforded by multiple grooved pulleys, in which
arrangement the last groove delivering the rope is made of larger
diameter than the others, or the grooves may be made to increase suc-
cessively in diameter towards such last groove. This arrangement may
be applied in all cases where multiple grooved pulleys are used.
Another part of my Invention has reference to windlasses, winches, or
crabs, and has for its object to enable the leverage or purchase of the
winch to be adjusted to the power required by arranging the winch
handle to be capable of being slided out at will, so as to increase in
length of radius in proportion as greater purchase or leverage is required
in combination with a pawl in gear with a ratchet wheel on the winch
or windlass, so that when the greatest tightening of the rope or chain
convenient with a rotating sliding winch handle has been attained a
still further tightening of the rope or chain may be effected by the use of
such ratchet. This may either be connected permanently to the winch
or it may be detachable therefrom with or without the ratchet wheel, so
as to be capable of being used in connection with several winches.
Another part of my Invention has reference to cleats or apparatus for
holding or making fast, and when desired releasing ropes, cords, chains,
strings, or other mechanical equivalents. My improvement consists in
arranging such cleats to be held by one or more bolts or pins, or other
convenient fulcrum or fulcra in such a manner as to act with shifting,
variable, or differential leverage and at a variable angle upon the rope, so
that when the rope is placed in the one end or horn of the cleat it will
open out or render less acute the angle at that end, at the same time
•

page_text: making the angle at the other end or horn more acute, and when the
rope is placed in this other end or horn the cleat will be pressed against
the fulcrum and also against the previously placed portion of the rope,
and will thus be made to hold the rope securely as by the combined
action of a wedge and powerful lever, while such rope can be easily and
if desired instantaneously and entirely released by withdrawing that
portion of the same last laid in the cleat.
Having thus set forth the nature of the several parts of my Invention,
I will now proceed more particularly to describe some of the various
arrangements by which they may be carried into effect.
Figures 1 and 1* show respectively a side and front elevation partly in
section of an arrangement of my plan of retaining or holding pulley.
A is the pulley with a groove A¹ (the angle of which may be varied as
desired to give different degrees of retaining power and facility of over-
hauling). To the side of A is made (or attached) a ratchet wheel A², and
it also has an axle A³ which revolves in holes or bearings in the frame or
block B (or if preferred A³ may be fixed in B, and A may revolve on it.)
C is a ratchet or pawl taking into the ratchet teeth of A³, and O¹ is the
axle of C free to revolve in holes or bearings in the frame or block B (or
if preferred C' may be fixed in B, and C may revolve on it); C³ is a
spring of india-rubber or any suitable material keeping C in gear with
the teeth of the ratchet wheel A³ in whatever position it may be placed.
It will now be seen that if a rope be passed through the block and partly
round the pulley A it will be easily pulled by an operator in the direction
of the arrow D against a pressure or weight, but the weight or pressure
will not casily pull it against the operator in the opposite direction to the
arrow D, thereby enabling an operator with ease to tighten a rope (or, for
instance, the sheet or haulyard of a sail) to a great degree. It will also
be seen that when the operator desires to slack off or pay out the
rope, if he release his end the tendency of the rope to wedge itself
into or press against the groove A¹ will cease or be lessened, and the
rope can then be drawn in the opposite direction with ease, and thus be
entirely under the control of the operator in all ways, and it will be
found in this way that one man is able to tighten and control a rope as
a sheet or haulyard as well as three men with an ordinary pulley
block.
of the rope
日
Figures 2 and 2* show respectively a front and side elevation of an

page_text: "
shown in Figures 1 and 14; but it will be seen here that the ratchet
teeth are dispensed with, A being the grooved wheel and As its
axle, O being a ratchet of the class generally known as silent,"
"friction," or "pressure" ratchets, Cits axle, and C its spring of
india-rubber or other suitable material, B being the frame of the pulley
or block, and E being a holding down bolt or pin on which the whole
apparatus can swivel or pivot. This arrangement will be found (among
other uses) very advantageous for haulyards, as it will be seen that when
the bolt is secured to the deck or floor and a rope is passed under the
pulley it will give very great power of control to an operator pulling the
rope upwards in the direction of the arrow D. It will be easily seen
that this plan of the ratchet can also be applied to the block shown in
Figures 1 and 14, or the ratchet there shown can be applied to this form
of snatch block if desired.
Figures 4, 4, and 4", show respectively a side and front elevation and
plan of an arrangement of my hauling pulley with lever. A is the
pulley with groove A³, and ratchet wheel A* and axle A³ secured to.
the basement or framing B, which is secured to the floor or deck
by a bolt or pin E, on which the basement may be free to swivel or
pivot as desired; C is the retaining ratchet or pawl with an axle C¹
secured to the basement, and C is a spring of india-rubber or other
suitable material to keep C in gear with the teeth of A³; G is a lever
with a bearing on the axle A³, on which it is free to revolve or
reciprocate; G is the acting ratchet or pawl in gear with A³, and G* is
its axle secured to the lever, and G³ is a spring of india-rubber or other
suitable material to keep it in gear with A; G' is a balance weight to cause
the acting end of of G (marked G³) to rise when it has been depressed
by the foot of the operator; H is a guide pulley, useful in some cases to
enable ropes in a horizontal or other position to be easily lead to or from
the pulley A. (H is omitted in Figure 4). H³ is its axle secured to
the basement. It will now be seen that if a rope be lead to and passed
round or partly round the pulley A it can be hauled rapidly in the
direction of the arrow D in the ordinary way by the hands of the
operator as long as his strength would suffice for whatever may be
the work to be done; but when more power is required than he can
exert with his hands only he can then by depressing the lever G with
his foot, still pulling the rope with his hands, obtain a greatly increased
power or leverage to tighten or haul the rope, and it will be seen that
when he releases the rope in his hands he can easily slack off or pay out,

page_text: and can again hold or tighten the rope at pleasure, and it is found that
with this apparatus one man can tighten a rope better than 10 men with
an ordinary pulley.
Figures 6 and 64 show respectively a side and front elevation of an
arrangement to increase the grip or hold afforded by multiple grooved
pulleys. A is a pulley with grooves A¹ and A', and A³ is its axle
secured to a framing or basement; I is another pulley with
grooves I'
and I, and I³ its axle, also secured to a framing or basement; J is a
pinion gearing into I* and A5, and J is its axle, also secured to a
framing or basement. It will be seen that the diameters of I¹ and A¹
and I* and A* are each respectively greater than the previously named
one, therefore when the rope is passed round them as described in the.
last arrangement each latter named groove will, when made to revolve
in the direction of the arrows D and D¹, have a tendency to haul or
gather in more rope than the groove in which the rope has been pre-
viously laid, thereby tightening the rope in the previously named groove,
and it will be evident that such respective increase or increases of
diameter can be arranged as may be desired in only the last groove or in
any or all of the grooves, so as to give any desired amount of grip to the
rope, thus giving entire control to the operator over the rope either to
haul, hold, or slack off the said rope; and it will be evident that a chain
can equally well be used, and that the revolution of A and I can be caused
by a ratchet lever or levers, or by gearing and a handle as desired.
Figures 11 and 11 and 11B show respectively a side elevation, a front
elevation, and a plan of an arrangement of a sliding handle with pawl
and ratchet wheel attached to the handle, so that it can be used for
several winches, windlasses, or crabs, and used either as a rotating handle
or when elongated to a length of radius longer than convenient to be
so used can at the pleasure of the operator be at once used as a
reciprocating lever. K is the spindle of the winch, windlass, or crab,
and has at its end a square part K², on which is placed a square hole in
the ratchet wheel N, round the outer periphery of the boss of which is
secured (but free to revolve) the clip O, to which is attached the acting
ratchet O', with a spring Os to keep it in gear with the ratchet teeth
of N; L is a square hole, extending across a piece attached to the
front of the clip O, as shown, in which hole slides freely the part of the
handle I, and L is the handle, and any convenient method, as a pin, or
latch, or trigger bolt, &c., may be used, if desired, to secure L at any

page_text: to
desired radius or leverage. It will now be seen that the handle can be
used at any convenient radius, and when elongated to a length of radius
longer than convenient to be used as a rotating handle it can, at the
pleasure of the operator, be immediately used as a reciprocating lever;
and if more leverage still is desired the auxilliary lever P can be placed
with its socket P¹ on the end I of the handle, and so more leverage
can be obtained, and, if desired, two or more operators can work at the
winch, windlass, or crab; and it is also evident that the handle and
ratchet together can be taken off the square of the axle K and placed
on any other winch, windlass, or crab with the same sized square end to
its axle.
A
Figures 14, 14, 14, and 14° show a cleat or apparatus for holding or
making fast ropes, cords, chains, or other mechanical equivalents. The
cleat R is held by two bolts or screws S¹ and S³, in such a manner that
it is free to alter its position to a certain extent relatively to the base or
foundation or floor to which the bolts or screws are secured, as shewn in
Figure 14. If now a rope desired to be held be placed in the cleat
under the horn at R' it will cause the horn R¹ of the cleat to tilt up or
open out to the position shewn in Figure 14º, and if the free end of the
rope be then laid in the cleat and drawn down under the horn R³ it will
operate both with a wedging action and with a powerful leverage in
forcing the cleat upwards towards the position shewn in Figure 14°, and
will thus cause the cleat to hold the rope, so that it may be pulled until
it is broken before it will slip or release itself; but when desired the
releasing of the rope may be easily and instantaneously effected by
withdrawing the last laid end of the rope from under the horn R³, which
will (by allowing the horn R² to descend and the horn R¹ to ascend)
release the rope entirely.
the
At Figures 15 and 15* the cleat R is shown formed with curved ends
or horns instead of straight ones, as in the previous arrangement, and it
is held by a cotter T passing through two pins U and U¹ situated on
each side of the cleat, which fit into notches formed in the latter, as
shown in plan at Figure 15, so as to hold it in position. By making
the cotter tapering, and driving it farther through the pins when the
rope has been laid in both ends of the cleat as before described, a still
greater hold on the rope may be effected. It may also serve to adjust
the cleat in the first instance according to the size of rope to be
laid in it.
^

page_text: to
Having thus described the nature of the several parts of: my Invention
and the manner of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that
the accompanying Drawings only serve to illustrate some of the various
modes in which the several parts, combinations, and principles of my
Invention may be carried into effect, and I therefore in no way limit
myself such arrangements, as it is evident that they may be modified
in many ways without departing from the principles thereof; nor do I
limit myself in any way to the combination of the several parts of my
Invention shown, as each part of my Invention may be used either
separately and apart from the others or in combination with one or
more such other parts; but what I claim is,-
^
First. Retaining or holding pulleys or snatch blocks for tightening
ropes, cords, chains, or other mechanical equivalents combined with a
ratchet wheel and fixed pawl, so arranged that the pulley is allowed to
revolve in the direction in which the rope or chain is hauled, but can be
prevented from revolving in the contrary direction, such pullies being
formed by preference with a V groove.
Second. Combining with the aforesaid ratchet pulley a ratchet lever
or lever carrying a pawl in gear with the said ratchet wheel, or a
separate ratchet wheel, and so arranged that when the rope or chain
can no longer be hauled by the hand, then by working the said lever the
greater purchase obtained thereby, and the friction or grip or hold
afforded by the pulley will enable the rope to be still further tightened.
Such lever may either be worked by the hand or arranged as a treadle
to be worked by the foot.
Third. An arrangement to increase the hold on the rope afforded by
multiple grooved pulleys, in which arrangement the last groove delivering
the rope is made of larger diameter than the others, or the grooves may
be made to increase successively in diameter towards such last groove.
This arrangement I also claim in all cases where multiple grooved
pulleys are used.
Fourth. Arranging a winch or windlass or crab handle to be capable
of being slided out at will, so as to increase in length of radius in
proportion as greater purchase or leverage is required, in combination
with a pawl in gear with a ratchet wheel on the winch or windlass, so a
that when the greatest tightening of the rope or chain convenient with a
rotating sliding winch handle has been attained a still further tightening

page_text: of the rope or chain may be effected by the use of such ratchet. This
may either be connected permanently to the winch, or it may be
detachable therefrom with or without the ratchet wheel, so as to be
capable of being used in connection with several winches.
Fifth. The arrangement of cleats or apparatus for holding or making
fast, and, when desired, releasing ropes, cords, strings, or other mechanical
equivalents wherein such cleats are held by one or more bolts or pins or
other convenient fulcrum or fulcra, in such manner as to act with shifting,
variable, or differential leverage, and at variable angles upon the rope, so
that when the rope is placed in the one end or horn of the cleat it will
open out or render less acute the angle at that end, at the same time
making the angle at the other end or horn more acute, and when the
rope is placed in this other end or horn the cleat will be pressed against
the fulcrum, and also against the previously placed portion of the rope,
and thus will be made to hold the rope securely, as by the combined
action of a wedge and powerful lever, while such rope can be easily and,
if desired, instantaneously and entirely released by withdrawing that
portion of the same last laid in the cleat.
thus
And, lastly. I claim each of the above separately or in combination
with each, any, or all of the other parts of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Paget, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
(Signed)
ARTHUR PAGET. (L.s.)
And I, the said Arthur Paget, do hereby declare that this Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration is not such Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration as will extend the exclusive right granted by the said
Letters Patent, and that these Presents shall not extend the said
exclusive right in any way whatever.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Paget, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
ALFRED THOMAS MARSHALL,
Clerk,
Loughborough.
ARTHUR PAGET. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Arthur Paget
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which
the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.
Temple,
March 3, 1870.
R. P. COLLIER,
Attorney-General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Paget, of Loughborough, in the County
of Leicester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE HAULING, TIGHTENING, OR PULLING OF ROPES. CORDS,
CHAINS, BANDS. AND OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS, AND FOR THE HOLDING
OR MAKING FAST SUCH ROPES OR OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS. AND
LOOSING THE SAME WHEN DESIRED."
Scaled the 17th October 1868, and dated the 21st April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Paget at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1868.
I, ARTHUR PAGET, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR. THE HAULING. TIGHTENING. OR PULLING OF
ROPES, CORDS, CHAINS, BANDS. AND OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS. AND FOR THE
HOLDING OR MAKING FAST SUCH ROPES OR OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS. AND
LOOSING THE SAME WHEN DESIRED," to be as follows:-
One part of my Invention has reference to retaining or holding
pulleys or snatch blocks for tightening ropes, cords, chains, or other

page_text: mechanical equivalents, and consists in one part in combining such
pulleys, formed by preference with a V groove, with a ratchet wheel
and fixed pawl so arranged that the pulley is allowed to revolve in
the direction in which the rope or chain is hauled, but can be pre-
vented from revolving in the contrary direction. Such ratchet pulleys
when used with chains can be constructed with geared or recessed
grooves in place of V grooves, in which case the pulley can be con-
nected to the ratchet wheel by means of a friction or other clutch or
catch, so that it can be released when it is desired to slack off or pay
out the chain.
Another part of my Invention consists in combining with the afore-
said ratchet pulley a ratchet lever, or lever carrying a pawl in gear
with the said ratchet wheel or a separate ratchet wheel, and so arranged
that when the rope or chain can no longer be hauled by the hand then
by working the said lever the greater purchase obtained thereby and
the friction or grip or hold afforded by the pulley will enable the rope
to be still further tightened. Such lever may either be worked by the
liand, or I arrange the same by preference as a treadle to be worked
by the foot.
Another part of my Invention consists in providing the aforesaid
ratchet pulley with two or more grooves, either of a V shape or other-
wise, arranged in combination with another single or multiple grooved
pulley or plain cylinder, so that increased frictional surface may be
afforded to the rope without making the ratchet pulley inconveniently
large in diameter. The aforesaid two pulleys are by preference geared
together.
Another part of my Invention consists in an arrangement to increase
the hold on the rope afforded by such multiple, grooved, or other pulleys
or cylinders, in which arrangement the last groove or part of the
cylinder delivering the rope is made of larger diameter than the others;
or the grooves or parts of cylinders may be made to increase successively
in diameter towards such last groove or parts of cylinders. This arrange-
ment may be applied in all cases where multiple grooved pulleys are
used.
Another part of my Invention consists in making the grooves of the
ratchet pulley or pulleys, whether single or multiple, and whether of
a V shape or otherwise, with corrugations, so that the rope or other
mechanical equivalent being passed in a serpentine direction between

page_text: such corrugations will be more firmly held in the groove.
This arrange-
ment may also be employed with advantage in connection with all
grooved hauling pulleys.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging one such before-
described hauling or acting ratchet pulley or snatch block in com-
bination with several holding or retaining pulleys or snatch blocks, as
herein-before described, the ropes or other mechanical equivalents from
each of which can be conducted to the one hauling or acting pulley
or snatch block, in order to be finally tightened thereby when required.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the frame carrying
the said or any hauling or acting pulley or snatch block to turn on a
pivot or swivel, so as to readily adjust itself or be adjusted in position
for receiving any rope or other mechanical equivalent from any quarter.
Another part of my Invention has reference to windlasses, winches,
or crabs, and has for its object to enable the leverage or purchase of the
winch to be adjusted to the power required by arranging the winch
handle to be capable of being slided out at will, so as to increase in
length in proportion as greater purchase or leverage is required. This
arrangement may be applied either with the ordinary barrel, or in
combination with multiple grooved pulleys.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing in combination
with this arrangement, or with an ordinary winch, crab, or windlass, a
lever carrying a pawl in gear with a ratchet wheel on the winch or
windlass, so that when the greatest tightening of the rope or chain
convenient with a rotating, sliding, or common winch handle has been
attained a still further tightening of the rope or chain may be effected
by the use of such ratchet lever. This may either be connected per-
manently to the winch, or it may be detachable therefrom with or
without the ratchet wheel, so as to be capable of being used in con-
nection with several winches; or the pawl, with or without the ratchet
wheel, may be attached to such sliding handle, which can then be
used with any of several winches or crabs as a lever when elongated
to such an extent as to be unusable as a rotating handle.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing in connection
with the pawl holding the barrel of a winch, crab, or windlass, a lever
for disengaging the pawl from the ratchet teeth of the barrel when it
is desired to slack off or pay out the rope or chain.

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in making such lever loose
from the pawl, as a tumbling lever, so as to act by concussion upon
the pawl.
Another part of my Invention has reference to cleats or apparatus
for holding or making fast and when desired releasing ropes, cords,
strings, or other mechanical equivalents. My improvement consists in
arranging such cleats to be held by one or more bolts or pins, or other
convenient fulcrum or fulcra, in such a manner as to act with shifting,
variable, or differential leverage, and at a variable angle upon the rope,
so that when the rope is placed in the one end or horn of the cleat it
will open out, or render less acute the angle at that end, at the same
time making the angle at the other end or horn more acute, and when
the rope is placed in this other end or horn the cleat will be pressed
against the fulcrum, and also against the previously placed portion of
the rope, and will thus be made to hold the rope securely, as by the the
combined action of a wedge and powerful lever, while such rope can
be easily, and, if desired, instantaneously and entirely released by
withdrawing that portion of the same last laid in the cleat.
SPECIFICATION
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Paget in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
PAGET, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors.
give and grant unto me, the said Arthur Paget, Her special licence
that I, the said Arthur Paget, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Paget, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,

page_text: and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE HAULING. TIGHTENING, OR PULLING OF ROPES,
CORDS, CHAINS, BANDS, AND OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS. AND FOR THE
HOLDING OR MAKING FAST SUCH ROPES OR OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIVALENTS. AND
LOOSING THE SAME WHEN DESILED," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Arthur Paget, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Paget, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say
$
ར
One part of my Invention has reference to retaining or holding pulleys
or snatch blocks for tightening ropes, cords, chains, or other mechanical
equivalents, and consists in one part in combining such pulleys, formed
by preference with a V groove with a ratchet wheel and fixed pawl so.
arranged that the pulley is allowed to revolve in the direction in which
the rope or chain is hauled, but can be prevented from revolving in the
contrary direction. Such ratchet pulleys when used with chains can
be constructed with geared or recessed grooves in place of V grooves,
in which case the pulley can be connected to the ratchet wheel by means
of a friction or other clutch or catch, so that it can be released when
it is desired to slack off or pay out the chain.
Another part of my Invention consists in combining with the aforesaid
ratchet pulley a ratchet lever, or lever carrying a pawl in gear with the
said ratchet wheel or a separate ratchet wheel, and so arranged that
when the rope or chain can no longer be hauled by the hand then by
working the said lever the greater purchase obtained thereby and the
friction or grip or hold afforded by the pulley will enable the rope to
be still further tightened. Such lever may either be worked by the

page_text: hand, or 1 arrange the same by preference as a treadle to be worked by
the foot.
Another part of my Invention consists in providing the aforesaid
ratchet pulley with two or more grooves either of a V shape or other-
wise, arranged in combination with another single or multiple grooved
pulley or plain cylinder so that increased frictional surface may be
afforded to the rope without making the ratchet pulley inconveniently
large in diameter. The aforesaid two pulleys are by preference geared
together.
Another part of my Invention consists in an arrangement to increase
the hold on the rope afforded by such multiple, grooved, or other pulleys
or cylinders, in which arrangement the last groove or part of the cylinder
delivering the rope is made of larger diameter than the others; or the
grooves or parts of cylinders may be made to increase successively in
diameter towards such last groove or parts of cylinders. This arrange-
ment may be applied in all cases where multiple grooved pulleys are
used.
Another part of my Invention consists in making the grooves of the
ratchet pulley or pulleys, whether single or multiple, and whether of a
V shape or otherwise, with corrugations so that the rope or other
mechanical equivalent being passed in a serpentine direction between
such corrugations will be more firmly held in a groove. This
arrangement may also be employed with advantage in connection with
all grooved hauling pulleys.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging one such before
described hauling or acting ratchet pulley or snatch block in com-
bination with several holding or retaining pulleys or snatch blocks, as
herein-before described, the ropes or other mechanical equivalents from
each of which can be conducted to the one hauling or acting pulley
or snatch block in order to be finally tightened thereby when required.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging the frame carrying
the said or any hauling or acting pulley or snatch block to turn on
a pivot or swivel, so as to readily adjust itself or be adjusted in position
for receiving any rope or other mechanical equivalent from any quarter.
Another part of my Invention has reference to windlasses, winches,
or crabs, and has for its object to enable the leverage or purchase of
the winch to be adjusted to the power required by arranging the winch

page_text: handle to be capable of being slided out at will, so as to increase in
length of radius in proportion as greater purchase or leverage is required.
This arrangement may be applied either with the ordinary barrel or in
combination with multiple grooved pulleys.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing in combination
with this arrangement, or with an ordinary winch, crab, or windlass, a
lever carrying a pawl in gear with a ratchet wheel on the winch or
windlass, so that when the greatest tightening of the rope or chain
convenient with a rotating, sliding, or common winch handle has been
attained a still further tightening of the rope or chain may be effected
by the use of such ratchet lever. This may either be connected
permanently to the winch or it may be detachable therefrom, with or
without the ratchet wheel so as to be capable of being used in connection
with several winches; or the pawl with or without the ratchet wheel
may be attached to such sliding handle, which can then be used with any
of several winches or crabs as a lever when elongated to such an extent
as to be unusable as a rotating handle.
Another part of my Invention consists in employing in connection
with the pawl holding the barrel of a winch, crab, or windlass a lever for
disengaging the pawl from the ratchet teeth of the barrel when it is
desired to slack off or pay out the rope or chain.
Another part of my Invention consists in making such lover loose
from the pawl, as a tumbling lever, so as to act by concussion upon the
pawl.
Another part of my Invention has reference to cleats or apparatus for
holding or making fast and when desired releasing ropes, cords, strings,
or other mechanical equivalents. My improvement consists in arranging
such cleats to be held by one or more bolts or pins or other convenient.
fulcrum or fulcra in such a manner as to act with shifting, variable, or
differential leverage and at a variable angle upon the rope, so that when
the rope is placed in the one end or horn of the cleat it will open out
or render less acute the angle at that end, at the same time making the
angle at the other end or horn more acute, and when the rope is placed
in this other end or horn the cleat will be pressed against the fulcrum
and also against the previously placed portion of the rope; and will thus
be made to hold the rope securely as, by the combined action of a wedge
and powerful lever, while such rope can be easily and of desired

page_text: instantaneously and entirely released by withdrawing that portion of the
same last laid in the cleat.
Having thus set forth the nature of the several parts of my Invention,
I will now proceed more particularly to describe some of the various
arrangements by which they may be carried into effect.
Figures 1 and 1^ show respectively a side and front elevation, partly
in section, of an arrangement of my plan of retaining or holding pulley.
A is the pulley with a groove A' (the angle of which may be varied as
desired to give different degrees of retaining power and facility of over-
hauling). To the side of A is made (or attached) a ratchet wheel A³,
and it also has an axle. A which revolves in holes or bearings in the
frame or block B (or if preferred A may be fixed in B and A may revolve
on it). C is a ratchet or pawl taking into the ratchet teeth of A*, and
C' is the axle of C, free to revolve in holes or bearings in the frame or
block B (or if preferred C' may be fixed in B and C may revolve on it);
C is a spring of india-rubber or any suitable material keeping C in gear
with the teeth of the ratchet wheel A in whatever position it may be
placed. It will now be seen that if a rope be passed through the block
and partly round the pulley A it will be easily pulled by an operator in
the direction of the arrow D against a pressure or weight, but the weight
or pressure will not easily pull it against the operator in the opposite
direction to the arrow D, thereby enabling an operator with ease to
tighten a rope (or, for instance, the sheet or haulyard of a sail) to a
great degree. It will also be seen that when the operator desires to slack
off or pay out the rope, if he release his end of the rope the tendency of
the rope to wedge itself into or press against the groove A' will ceasc
or be lessened, and the rope can then be drawn in the opposite direction
with ease, and thus be entirely under the control of the operator in all
ways, and it will be found in this way that one man is able to tighten
and control a rope as a sheet or haulyard as well as three men with an
ordinary pulley or block.
Figures 2 and 2 show respectively a front and side elevation of an
arrangement of a snatch block on a principle analagous to the pulley
shown in Figures 1 and 1, but it will be seen here that the ratchet
teeth are dispensed with, A being the grooved wheel and A³ its axle,
C being a ratchet of the class generally known as "silent," "friction,"
or "pressure" ratchets, C₁ its axle, and C its spring of india-rubber or
other suitable material, B being the frame of the pulley or block, and

page_text: E being a holding-down bolt or pin on which the whole apparatus can
swivel or pivot. This arrangement will be found (among other uses)
very advantageous for haulyards, as it will be seen that when the bolt is
secured to the deck or floor and a rope is passed under the pulley it
will give very great power of control to an operator pulling the rope
upwards in the direction of the arrow D. It will be easily seen that
this plan of the ratchet can also be applied to the block shown in
Figures 1 and 14, or the ratchet there shown can be applied to this form
of snatch block if desired.
Figures 3 and 3 show respectively a side and front elevation, partly
in section, of a pulley of analagous principle to the foregoing, but
constructed with recesses for gearing the chain to it (of course projections
can be used if preferred), and this may also be provided with a clutch
box to enable the chain to be eased off or payed out at pleasure. A is
the grooved pulley with recesses for the chain in the groove A¹;
A is the ratchet wheel; A³ is its axle on which it is free to revolve;
and A is a cone or friction clutch with a screw at the end of its sleeve
or socket at A'; F is a hand wheel screwing on to the screw, as shown,
at A' on the end of A', thus enabling the grooved wheel A to be tightened
to or at pleasure allowed to revolve on the socket or sleeve of the ratchet
wheel A³. It is evident that many other well known forms of clutches
may be used for this principle of pulley.
Figures 4, 4, and 4" show respectively a side and front elevation
and plan of an arrangement of my hauling pulley with lever. A is the
pulley with groove A' and ratchet wheel A and axle A³ secured to
the basement or framing B, which is secured to the floor or deck by
a bolt or pin E on which the basement may be free to swivel or pivot as
desired; C is the retaining ratchet or pawl with an axle C' secured to
the basement, and C is a spring of india-rubber or other suitable
material to keep C in gear with the teeth of A; G is a lever with a
bearing on the axle A", on which it is free to revolve or reciprocate;
G' is the acting ratchet or pawl in gear with A', and G is its axle
secured to the lever, and G³ is a spring of india-rubber or other suitable
material to keep it in gear with A; G is a balance weight to cause
the acting end of G (marked G) to rise when it has been depressed
by the foot of the operator; H is a guide pulley useful in some cases to
enable ropes in a horizontal or other position to be easily lead to or from
the pulley A (H is omitted in Figure 4), and H' is its axle secured

page_text: the basement. It will now be seen that if a rope be lead to and passed
round or partly round the pulley A it can be hauled rapidly in the
direction of the arrow D in the ordinary way by the hands of the operator
as long as his strength would suffice for whatever may be the work to
be done, but when more power is required than he can exert with his
hands only, he can then by depressing the lever G with his foot, still
pulling the rope with his hands, obtain a greatly increased power or
leverage to tighten or haul the rope, and it will be seen that when he
releases the rope in his hands he can easily slack off or pay out and
can again hold or tighten the rope at pleasure, and it is found that
with this apparatus one man can tighten a rope better than 10 men
with an ordinary pulley. It is evident that this also can be used with
a chain exactly as here shown, or with a geared pulley and clutch, as
shown in. Figures 3 and 34; also the said lever G can be arranged
to be worked by either hand or foot or by both, and by one or more
operators.
1
Figures 5 and 5 show respectively a side and front elevation partly
in section of an arrangement of the aforesaid hauling pulley with two
grooves in combination with another two-grooved pulley geared to the
first pulley: A is the lower pulley on which a ratchet lever and acting
ratchet can work, as before described and here shown, and A5 is a geared
wheel made with or attached to it; A' and A' are grooves, A³ is a
ratchet wheel, and A³ an axle secured to a basement or framing; I is
a second wheel, and I' and I are grooves therein, and I is a geared
wheel, as shewn, and I" is its axle secured to a basement or framing;
J is a pinion gearing into both A and I, as shown, and J' is its axle also
secured to a framing or basement. It will now be seen that if a rope
be passed over and partly round the groove I' and then under and
partly round the groove A', and then over and partly round the
groove I, and then under and partly round the groove A', and then
to the hands of the operator, it can be easily and rapidly pulled or
tightened by him in the direction of the arrows D and D' as long as
desired, and then when more power is required can be further tightened
by a ratchet lever as before described. It will be evident that the
multiple grooves can be increased in number so as to give any required
grip or hold to the rope, and the angle of the vee of the said grooves
can also be varied to give more or less grip as desired. It will also be
evident that a plain cylinder can be used instead of the second grooved

page_text: pulley, and the said cylinder or second grooved pulley can either be
geared to the first or not as desired.
Figures 6 and 6 show respectively a side and front elevation of an
arrangement to increase the grip or hold afforded by multiple grooved
pulleys. A is a pulley with grooves A' and A', and A" is its axle secured
to a framing or basement; 1 is another pulley, with grooves I' and Iª
and I", its axle also sccured to a framing or basement; J is a pinion
gearing into I and A, as in Figures 5 and 5*, and J' is its axle also
secured to a framing or basement. It will be seen that the diameters of
1' and A' and I and A' are each respectively greater than the previously
named one, therefore when the rope is passed round them as described
in the last arrangement, cach latter named groove will when made
to evolve in the direction of the arrows D and D' have a tendency to
haul or gather in more rope than the groove in which the rope has been
previously laid, thereby tightening the rope in the previously named
groove, and it will be evident that such respective increase or increases
of diameter can be arranged as may be desired in only the last groove,
or in any or all of the grooves, so as to give any desired amount of grip
to the rope, thus giving entire control to the operator over the rope,
cither to haul, hold, or slack off the said rope, and it will be evident
that a chain can equally well be used, and that the revolution of A and I
can be caused by a ratchet lever or levers, or by gearing and a handle,
as desired.
In all the before-described arrangements of V-grooved pulleys the
pulleys may be made with a corrugated V groove or grooves, as shown at
Figures 7, 7, 7, and 7º, for the purpose of giving a still firmer hold or
grip on the ropes, as before described. The groove may be for this
purpose made of a straight or nearly straight form at the outer periphery
of the groove, so as to allow the rope to enter easily, while the sides
of the groove may be formed with corrugations of gradually increasing
depth from the periphery down to the bottom of the groove, so that a
developed circular section near the bottom of the groove will have the
appearance indicated at Figure 74, while a developed circular section
near the top of the groove will have the appearance indicated at
Figure 7". In connection with this part of my Invention I wish to
remark that I am now aware it has already been proposed to make
raised ribs or notches alternately in the opposite sides of V grooves of
pulleys for the purpose of more firmly holding the rope or chain, as

page_text: described in the Specification of Povah's Patent, No. 1675 of 1860, but
such an arrangement would be liable to cause an abrasion of the rope
and jerking of a chain, which is avoided by making the entire surface
of the groove corrugated, either rounded, or even more or less angular
according to my present Invention.
Figure 8 shows a side clevation of an arrangement of one hauling
pulley or acting ratchet snatch block Z similar to that before described
applied in combination with several holding or retaining ratchet snatch
blocks Y, Y, Y", the ropes X, X, X", from which may be led to the
hauling pulley Z to be finally tightened thereby when required.
Figures 4, 4, and 4", and Figures 2 and 2, show an arrangement of
my plan of allowing the frames carrying the aforesaid hauling or holding
pulleys of all kinds to pivot in any direction required for receiving a
rope, and this will not need further explanation. It is evident that if
desired when the frame has been pivotted to the required position any
well-known system of fixing it in that position for a time can be
employed.
Figures 9, 9, and 9" show respectively a side elevation, a front
elevation, and a plan of an arrangement by which the leverage of the
handle of a winch, windlass, or crab can be adjusted to the power
required by altering its length of radius at pleasure. K is the spindle
of the winch, windlass, or crab, and has in a boss at its cnd a square
hole K', in which slides freely the part of the handle L', L being the
part held by the hand of the operator; M is a small pin, which may be
used to secure L at any desired radius, as shown. It will now be evident
that the operator can by sliding the handle L to any required radius
adjust the power and speed respectively to the work to be done, and it
is also evident that if desired one handle can be used to several winches,
and that any other well-known arrangement can be used to secure for
a time the handle at any desired radius.
It will be readily seen that a lever G and acting ratchet G as in
Figures 4, 4, and 4", can be applied to any winch, windlass, or crab, and
the acting ratchet may be made to gear into the same ratchet teeth into
which the ordinary retaining ratchet gears, and then it will be seen that
when as much tightening of the rope or chain has been obtained as is
convenient with a rotating handle a greater leverage and consequent
greater tightening can be obtained by using the reciprocating lever G,
which can be of any length desired, and it is evident that if the bearing of

page_text: G on the axle or boss of the ratchet wheel be made with a hook, as in
Figure 10 instead of a complete circle, the same lever G and acting
ratchet G' can be used for several winches or windlasses, or crabs.
Figures 11, and 11, and 11 show respectively a side elevation, a
front elevation, and a plan of an arrangement of a sliding handle, with
pawl and ratchet wheel attached to the handle, so that it can be used for
several winches, windlasses, or crabs, and used either as a rotating handic
or when elongated to a length of radius longer than convenient to be so
used can at the pleasure of the operator be at once used as a recipro-
cating lever. K is the spindle of the winch, windlass, or crab, and has
at its end a square part K³, on which is placed a square hole in the
ratchet wheel N, round the outer periphery of the boss of which is
secured (but free to revolve) the clip O, to which is attached the acting
ratchet O', with a spring 0 to keep it in gear with the ratchet teeth
of N; L is a square hole extending across a piece attached to the front
of the clip O, as shown, in which hole slides freely the part of the
handle L', and L is the handle, and any convenient method, as a pin or
latch, or trigger bolt,&c.may be used if desired to secure L at any desired
radius or leverage. It will now be seen that the handle can be used at
any convenient radius, and when elongated to a length of radius longer
than convenient to be used as a rotating handle, it can at the pleasure of
the operator be immediately used as a reciprocating lever, and if more
leverage still is desired the auxiliary lever P can be placed with its
socket P on to the end L³ of the handle, and so more leverage can be
obtained, and if desired two or more operators can work at the winch,
windlass, or crab; and it is also evident that the handle and ratchet
together can be taken off the square of the axle K, and placed on
any other winch, windlass, or crab with the same sized square end to
its axle.
Figure 12 shows a front clevation of an arrangement of my plan of
making a ratchet or pawl, with a lever for disengaging the pawl from the
ratchet teeth of a winch, windlass, or crab when desired. C is the
ratchet or pawl, and is shown with its handle C in full lines where in
position to be in gear with the ratchet teeth A, and in dotted lines
where in position to be out of gear, and C' is the axle.
Figure 13 shows a front clevation of an arrangement of my plan of
making the disengaging lever loose from the pawl or ratchet, so as to
act (as a tumbling lever) by concussion upon the pawl to release it

page_text: suddenly or quickly from the ratchet teeth. C is the ratchet, C' is the
axle, and Q is the lever loose on its axle and so arranged that when
quickly made to move in the direction of the arrow D it will strike the
snug or projecting piece C of the ratchet, and quickly disengage it from
the teeth A by the force of the concussion.
Figures 14, 14, 14", and 14", show a cleat or apparatus for holding or
making fast ropes, cords, chains, or other mechanical equivalents;
the cleat R is held by two bolts or screws S' and S' in such a manner
that it is free to alter its position to a certain extent relatively to the base
or foundation or floor to which the bolts or screws are secured, as shown
in Figure 14. If now a rope desired to be held be placed in the cleat
under the horn at R' it will cause the horn R' of the cleat to tilt up
or open out to the position shewn in Figure 14", and if the free end of
the rope be then laid in the cleat and drawn down under the horn R³ it
will operate both with a wedging action and with a powerful leverage in
forcing the cleat upwards towards the position shown in Figure 14°, and
will thus cause the cleat to hold the rope, so that it may be pulled until
it is broken before it will slip or release itself; but when desired the
releasing of the rope may be easily and instantaneously effected by with-
drawing the last laid end of the rope from under the horn R², which will
(by allowing the horn R³ to descend, and the horn R' to ascend) release
the rope entirely.
At Figures 15 and 15 the cleat R is shown formed with curved ends
or horns instead of straight ones, as in the previous arrangement, and it
is held by a cotter T passing through two pins U and U' situated on
each side of the cleat, which fit into notches formed in the latter, as
shown in the plan at Figure 15ª, so as to hold it in position. By
making the cotter tapering and driving it farther through the pins when
the rope has been laid in both ends of the cleat, as before described, a
still greater hold on the rope may be effected. It may also serve to
adjust the cleat in the first instance according to the size of rope to
be laid in it.
Having thus described the nature of the several parts of my Invention,
and the manner of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that
the accompanying Drawings only serve to illustrate some of the various
modes in which the several parts, combinations, and principles of my
Invention may be carried into effect, and that I therefore in no way limit
myself to such arrangements, as it is evident they may be modified in

page_text: many ways without departing from the principles thereof, nor do I limit
myself in any way to the combination of the several parts of my Inven-
tion shown, as each part of my Invention may be used either separately
and apart from the others, or in combination with one or more such
other parts; but what I claim is,-
First. Retaining or holding pulleys or snatch blocks for tightening
ropes, cords, chains, or other mechanical equivalents combined with a
ratchet wheel and fixed pawl so arranged that the pulley is allowed to
revolve in the direction in which the rope or chain is hauled, but can
be prevented from revolving in the contrary direction, such pullies
being formed by preference with a V groove.
Second. Such ratchet pulleys when used with chains and constructed
with geared or recessed grooves in place of V grooves, in which case the
pulley can be connected to the ratchet wheel by means of a friction or
other clutch or catch, so that it can be released when it is desired to
slack off or pay out the chain.
Third. Combining with the aforesaid ratchet pulley a ratchet lever
or lever carrying a pawl in gear with the said ratchet wheel or a separate
ratchet wheel, and so arranged that when the rope or chain can no
longer be hauled by the hand then by working the said lever the greater
purchase obtained thereby, and the friction or grip or hold afforded by
the pulley will enable the rope to be still further tightened. Such lever
may either be worked by the hand or arranged as a treadle to be worked
by the foot.
Fourth. Providing the aforesaid ratchet pulley with two or more
grooves, either of a V shape or otherwise, arranged in combination with
another single or multiple grooved pulley or plain cylinder, so that
increased frictional surface may be afforded to the rope without making
the ratchet pulley inconveniently large in diameter. The aforesaid two
pulleys may be geared together.
Fifth. An arrangement to increase the hold on the rope afforded by
such multiple grooved or other pulleys or cylinder, in which arrange-
ment the last groove or part of the cylinder delivering the rope is made
of larger diameter than the others; or the grooves or parts of cylinders
may be made to increase successively in diameter towards such las
groove or parts of cylinders. This arrangement I also claim in alle
where multiple grooved pulleys are used.

page_text: Sixth. Making the grooves of the ratchet pulley or pulleys, whether
single or multiple, and whether of a V shape or otherwise, with corru-
gations, so that the rope or other mechanical equivalent is passed in a
serpentine direction between such corrugations and will be more firmly
held in the groove. This arrangement I also claim in connection with
all grooved hauling pulleys.
Seventh. Arranging one such before-described hauling or acting
ratchet pulley or snatch block in combination with several holding or
retaining pulleys or snatch blocks, as herein-before described, the ropes
or other mechanical equivalents from each of which can be con-
ducted to the one hauling or acting pulley or snatch block in order to
be finally tightened thereby when required.
Eighth. Arranging the frame carrying the said or any hauling or
acting pulley or snatch block to turn on a pivot or swivel so as to readily
adjust itself or be adjusted in position for receiving any rope or other
mechanical equivalent from any quarter.
Ninth. Arranging a winch, windlass, or crab handle to be capable of
being slided out at will, so as to increase in length of radius in pro-
portion as greater purchase or leverage is required. This arrangement
I claim either with the ordinary barrel or in combination with multiple
or single grooved pulleys.
Tenth. Employing in combination with this arrangement, or with an
ordinary winch, crab, or windlass, a lever carrying a pawl in gear with
a ratchet wheel on the winch or windlass, so that when the greatest
tightening of the rope or chain convenient with a rotating, sliding, or
common winch handle has been attained a still further tightening of the
rope or chain may be effected by the use of such ratchet lever. This
may either be connected permanently to the winch or it may be
detachable therefrom, with or without the ratchet wheel, so. as to be
capable of being used in connection with several winches; or the pawl,
with or without the ratchet wheel, may be attached to such sliding
handle, which can then be used with any of several winches or crabs as
a lever when elongated to such an extent as to be unusable as a rotating
handle.
Eleventh. Employing in connection with the pawl holding the barrel
of a winch, crab, or windlass a lever for disengaging the pawl from the
ratchet teeth of the barrel when it is desired to slack off or pay out the
rope or chain,

page_text: Twelfth. Making such lever loose from the pawl, as a tumbling lever,
so as to act by concussion upon the pawl.
Thirteenth. The arrangement of cleats or apparatus for holding or
making fast and when desired releasing ropes, cords, strings, or other
mechanical equivalents wherein such cleats are held by one or more
bolts or pins or other convenient fulcrum or fulcra in such manner as to
act with shifting, variable, or differential leverage, and at variable angles
upon the rope, so that when the rope is placed in the one end or horn
of the cleat it will open out or render less acute the angle at that end,
at the same time making the angle at the other end or horn more acute,
and when the rope is placed in this other end or horn the cleat will be
pressed against the fulcrum and also against the previously placed
portion of the rope, and will thus be made to hold the rope securely, as
by the combined action of a wedge and powerful lever, while such rope
can be easily and if desired instantaneously and entirely released by
withdrawing that portion of the same last laid in the cleat.
And, lastly, I claim cach of the above separately or in combination
with each, any, or all of the other parts of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Paget, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
ARTHUR PAGET: (L.S.)