Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Brushes.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Brushes.
I, LEWIS BRADSHAW of Kettering in the County of Northampton, Wholesale
Brush Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this, invention to be as
follows:-
:-
The object of this invention is to manufacture brushes in a more simple and
economical manner than heretofore, and the invention applies equally to rotary
brushes, such, for instance; as those used in the boot and shoe. trade for polishing
boots and shoes, and to flat, or to other shaped brushes other than rotary.
In carrying out my invention as applied to rotary brushes; I employ a mould
formed in two parts, with a central annular recess. in each part, one part being
provided with agate or runner hole, by which cement, in a liquid state can be run
into the recess::
To make a rotary brush, I arrange the bristles, or tufts of bristles, radially
round the lower half of the mould, with their inner ends projecting more or less
across the recess. I then place the other half in position, and clamp the two
parts firmly together. I then pour cement of any suitable character, in a liquid
state, in at the gate or runner hole, so that it will completely fill both annular
recesses (thus formingas. boss), and enter between the bristle ends, which are
thereby firmly held. When required for use, the brush thus formed is slipped onto
a spindle, and conveniently secured:
In some cases I may employ caps of tin, or other suitable cheap material, with a
central tube, which are placed in the mould, and permanently secured together by
rivets or otherwise, before the cement is run in, a gate or runner hole, being
provided in one of the caps or the centre tube, the caps and tube thus forming a
prosection to the cement boss.
By these means, I produce rotary brushes; in a very simple, economical, and
expeditious manner.
A flat brush may be produced in practically the same manner, the form of the
mould and the recesses therein being changed to suit the altered circumstances.
In this case; I employ bars or strips of metal or wood, placed either transversely
or longitudinally of the mould, and between rows of bristles; to reduce, the
compactness of the bunch of bristles, and thus: to allow for flexibility in the
bristles.
The bristles may be enclosed within a band or strap of metal or other suitable
material, into which the cement may, so to speak, be cast, a back of similar
material to the bandy being secured thereto. by soldering or otherwise, when the
back is taken from the mould.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1895.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Brushes.
I LEWIS BRADSHAW, of Kettering in the County of Northampton, Wholesale
Brush Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to manufacture brushes in a more simple and
economical manner than heretofore, and the invention applies equally to rotary
brushes, such, for instance as those used in the boot and shoe trade for polishing
boots and shoes, and to flat or to other shaped brushes other than rotary.
In carrying out my invention as applied to rotary brushes, I employ a mould
formed in two parts, with a central annular recess in each part, one part being
provided with a gate or runner hole by which cement in a liquid state or other
suitable liquid or plastic substance can be run into the recess.
To make a rotary brush, 1 arrange the bristles, or tufts of bristles radially
round the lower half of the mould with their inner ends projecting more or less
across the recess. I then place the other half in position, and clamp the two
parts firmly together. I then pour cement of any suitable character, in a liquid
state, in at the gate or runner hole so that it will completely fill both annular
recesses (thus forming a boss), and enter between the bristle ends which are
thereby firmly held. When required for use the brush thus formed is slipped on
to a spindle, and secured in any convenient manner.
In some cases I may employ caps of tin, wood, or other suitable cheap material,
which are placed in the mould, and permanently secured together by rivets or
otherwise, before the cement is run in, à gate or runner hole being provided in one
of the caps or the centre tube, the caps and tubes thus forming a protection to the
cement boss.
By these means,
expeditious manner.
A flat brush may be produced in practically the same manner, the form of the
mould and the recesses therein being changed to suit the altered circumstances.
In this case I employ bars or strips of metal or wood, placed either transversely
or longitudinally of the mould, and between rows of bristles, to reduce the
compactness of the bunch of bristles, and thus to allow flexibility in the
bristles.
produce rotary brushes in a very simple, economical, and
The bristles may be enclosed within a band or strap of metal or other suitable
material, into which the cement may, so to speak, be cast, a back of similar material
to the band being secured thereto by soldering or otherwise, when the back is
taken from the mould.
In order that my invention may be more fully understood I append a sheet of
drawings in which :-
Fig. 1 is a section of a mould prepared for making a rotary. brush.
Fig. 2 is a section of a rotary brush according to my invention.
Fig. 3 is a section of a flat brush.
Fig. 4 is a section of two caps or casings of wood.
Fig. 5 is a section of a round brush.
In Fig. 1A designates the lower half of a mould, and consists of a metallic or
other disc which is shaped concave upon one side a which forms the interior of the
mould, and convex upon its outer surface a¹. Formed integrally with or rigidly
attached to the concave side a of this disc is a central rod or tube a projecting
upwards from it, and which forms a guide for the upper half B of the mould. This
upper half B is of equal size and similar shape to the lower half A and has a
concave side b and an outer surface as well as a central opening b² which fits over
. ¡

page_text: a pin or tube a in such manner as to secure the concentricity of the two halves of
the mould. The upper end of the central pin or tube a² is screwed, and by means
of a nut a³ upon this the two halves of the mould may be held together. An
opening is made in B through which the liquid or plastic cement or similar
suitable material is poured or forced into the mould, the edges c of which are (when
in use) retained at some little distance apart as shewn.
Fig. 2 shews a brush formed in a mould such as is shewn and described with
reference to Fig. 1. D is an annular boss (having a central hole d) formed of
cement or other similar suitable substance which is capable when in a liquid or
plastic state of being poured or forced into the interior of a mould. E designates
the bristles which are arranged radially so as to extend from near the central
opening d to the outer periphery e of the circular brush.
To make a circular brush as shewn in Fig. 2, the lower half A of the mould is
laid down, and upon it is laid a layer of bristles arranged so as to extend radially
outwards from the central pin or tube a². This layer of bristles is sufficiently thick
for the purpose required and when this quantity has been laid in position resting
upon the edge c of the lower half of the mould, the upper half B is placed over it
so that its edge c rests upon the radially disposed bristles and the nut being screwed
upon the upper end of the pin or tube 63 the halves are forced and held together.
The cement or other suitable material is then poured or forced in through the
opening and filling the mould permeates through the inner ends of the bristles,
and setting in this position the whole forms a strong and solid brush. The screwed
nut is then taken off and the upper half B removed leaving the boss and brush free
to be lifted out of the lower half of the mould.
When using a circular brush of this description a spindle is passed through the
central opening d, and the boss secured thereon by any fastening suitable for
holding it firmly upon the spindle.
Fig. 3 shews a flat brush which is made in the same manner, the shape of the
mould being modified accordingly. In some cases I arrange the bristles in layers
and interpose thin strips of wood or other solid material between these layers.
Fig. 4 shews two caps or casings of wood or other suitable material. The lower
half G being placed in the lower half A of the mould, the bristles E are laid in and
the cement poured in as before. The upper half H is then laid over it and the
upper half B of the mould placed in position so that pressure can be applied as
before. When the mould is opened the wood caps or casings G and H adhere to
the cement boss D and form a neat, strong, and convenient cover for it.
Fig. 5 shews a round brush according to my invention. K designates an annular
band or strap, E the bristles, and D the cement or other material which being poured
or forced in forms the boss and binds the whole together. A handle of any description
may be applied to the end k of the boss.
Brushes formed according to my invention are much more solid, and "full" than
ordinary brushes formed of tufts and the like, and they are therefore much more
efficient in action, and capable of stauding much greater strain and wear than
ordinary brushes.
In some cases I submit the bosses to hydraulic or other pressure in the moulds
while setting from the liquid, or cooling from the heated condition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A brush consisting essentially of a ring or other shaped body of bristles which
are held together by a boss of cement or other suitable substance, such substance
having been poured or pressed into contact with the ends of such bristles while in a
liquid or plastic state, substantially as described and shewn.
2. Forming circular or other 'brushes by laying a body of bristles in position
with one end encircled by a mould, and pouring liquid or forcing plastic material
into such moulds substantially as described and shewn.

page_text: 3. A brush consisting essentially of a body of bristles, a boss formed of cement
or other similar material surrounding one end of the same, and wood or other
suitable caps or casings surrounding the boss, substantially as described and
shewn
4. Forming the bosses of brushes of cement or other suitable material which can
be poured while liquid, or forced while plastic, round the end of a body of bristles
in such manner as to firmly hold them together, substantially as described and
showns
Dated this 2nd day of October 1895.
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN,
106 Priory Park Road, Kilburn, London, N.W.,
Agent for the Applicant.