Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1887.
Complete Left, 4th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 5th Apr., 1887.
I JOHN FERGUSON HASKINS of 114 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London,
Consulting and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :—
The object of the invention is the production of wrought iron of superior quality by
a more direct and economical process than that of first obtaining pig iron" and
subsequently subjecting it to the operation of puddling.
In the manufacture of wrought iron in the ordinary manner heretofore generally
practiced the charge of cast iron is subjected to the reducing action of furnace gases
on a reverberatory hearth having a fix or fettle made up in considerable measure of
iron oxide either as ore or mill cinder scale or such like. The presence of the oxide
lining is considered necessary to successful working of the charge otherwise when the
metal comes to nature and is pasty ready for collection into a ball or loop the
wrought iron is apt to adhere tenaciously to the silicious lining making it extremely
difficult to work into a mass and then only with great loss of metal.
«
Hence it is that to avoid the difficulty precaution is taken to supplement the usual
lining with charges of iron oxide in various forms and combinations spread upon the
hearth above the same and next in contact with the molten metal.
In this way the cast iron may be reduced to wrought iron with economy except
that after each heat or a few heats the iron oxide lining has to be renewed not only
consuming time in again conditioning the furnace but with waste of the crude
materials rich in iron.
For the purpose of my present invention and in place of the foregoing treatment I
make use of a reverberatory "open hearth" "Lancashire hearth," furnace wherein
or

page_text: the iron is treated in a preliminary manner and from this furnace it is discharged or
conveyed directly into a rotatory mechanical puddling apparatus or revolving
mechanical puddler or mechanical baller for the purpose of effecting its conversion
into puddle ball iron whence it may be conveyed for further treatment to a "squeezer "
or hammer.
The effect of this treatment is to rapidly remove impurities removing the silicon and
phosphorus therefrom and producing wrought iron of high quality.
It will thus be seen that the iron after treatment in the furnace may be discharged
therefrom directly into the revolving puddler or "baller or like apparatus by
arranging the baller" so that it may be run under the month of the furnace and
thence receive its charge whilst in that position. Or instead of making the "baller "
to travel to and under the furnace the same effect may be produced by the use of a
travelling ladle or carrier arranged to travel on rails or to pass beneath the furnace
mouth to receive the charge of treated iron and then be withdrawn and be run or
passed to above the "baller for direct discharge thereinto of the charge of iron.
By the employment of the foregoing process of desiliconising and dephosphorising
iron in an open hearth furnace such as is sometimes called a " Lancashire hearth
combined with the use of revolving puddlers and squeezers or hammers for the
purpose of producing wrought iron of high quality great benefits and economy will
accrue.
TAL
1000
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: пррагатих маргбуви шегеги,
I JOHN FERGUSON HASKINS of 114" Queen Victoria Street in the City of London,
Consulting and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of the invention is the production of wrought iron of superior quality
by a more direct and economical process than that of first obtaining "pig" iron and
subsequently subjecting it to the ordinary operations of puddling.
In the manufacture of wrought iron in the ordinary manner heretofore generally
practised the charge of cast iron is subjected to the reducing action of furnace gases
on a reverberatory hearth having a fix or fettle made up in considerable measure of.
iron oxide either as ore or mill cinder scale or such like. The presence of the oxide
lining is considered necessary to successful working of the charge otherwise when the
metal comes to "nature" and is of a pasty character ready for collection into a ball
or loop the wrought iron is apt to adhere tenaciously to the silicious lining making it
extremely difficult to work into a mass and then only with great loss of metal.
Hence it is that to avoid the difficulty precaution is taken to supplement the usual
lining with charges of iron oxide in various forms and combinations spread upon the
hearth above the same and next in contact with the molten metal.
In this way the cast iron may be reduced to wrought iron with economy except
that after each heat or a few heats the iron oxide lining has to be renewed not only
consuming time in again conditioning the furnace but with waste of crude materials
rich in iron.
"
For the purpose of my present invention and in place of the foregoing treatment
I make use of a reverberatory ፡፡
open hearth" ог Lancashire hearth" furnace
wherein the iron is treated in a preliminary manner and from this furnace it is dis-
charged or conveyed directly into a rotatory mechanical puddling apparatus or
revolving mechanical puddler or mechanical "baller for the purpose of effecting its
conversion into puddle ball iron whence for further treatment it may be conveyed
squeezer or under a hammer as may be found most convenient.
into a
::
The effect of this treatment is to rapidly remove impurities removing the silicon
and phosphorous therefrom and producing wrought iron of high quality.
::
It will thus be seen that the iron after treatment in the furnace may be discharged
therefrom directly into the revolving puddler or
baller or like apparatus by
arranging the baller so that it may be run under the mouth of the furnace and
::

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews in sectional elevation an arrangement of apparatus or plant adapted
for carrying out my invention, Fig. 2 shews a plan view thereof and Figure 3 shews
an end view drawn to a considerably larger scale approximately double the size of
Figure 1 partly in section.
In these Figures A represents a blast furnace in which the iron may be reduced as
is well understood from the ore. From the outlet of this blast furnace the molten
metal flows by suitable channels indicated by dotted lines m m and is conducted to
and delivered directly into the Lancashire hearth (or boiling Furnace as the case may
be) B is a "Lancashire hearth" (or it may be other open hearth) furnace, into which
the iron which has thus been run from the blast furnace A direct as molten metal, or
as pig, or in other form, is then treated by being melted and exposed for a limited
time to the slow action of the furnace gases.
It will thus be seen that the employment of the blast furnace A directly in con-
junction with the open hearth furnace B or B* is by no means an essential condition
but on the contrary the metal may be melted from the pig directly in the
open hearth
furnace B or B or otherwise introduced melted there and then the improved process
which constitutes the invention may be effected.
This furnace as generally built consists essentially of a shallow quadrangular hearth
formed of iron plates a bed &c. The hearth bottom a is horizontal; the tuyere
side b slightly inclined inwards; the opposite side d and the back e inclined outwards,
the front e vertical, but as the construction and details of this furnace are well under-
stood separately considered and apart from its combination and use for the purposes
of my present invention I need not give further detailed description of its parts.
is the opening through which the metal is run in from the blast furnace A or
introduced in other form.
The decarburisation and consequent refinement of the crude iron may be effected
by fusion and oxidation in this furnace without the intervention of a blast; but when
needed, in order to expedite the operation and possibly improve the yield for the same
degree of refinement, this action may be accelerated by the aid of a blast of air.
This open hearth furnace B is lined with some form of basic material, preferably of a
mixture of calcined dolomite and anhydrous coal-tar which mixture under the heat of
the furnace yields a hard basic refractory lining. With such a lining and occasional
additions of small portions of lime and iron ore to the charge when found necessary,
a highly phosphoric and basic slag is produced during the working, which owing to
the excess of lime present removes the silicon and the phosphorous entirely or nearly
So. From this furnace B the iron is transferred to a revolving baller or puddling
vessel D by running directly into it, or by means of a ladle ('capable of travelling in
a wheeled truck frame on line of raised rails supported on columns E from the
ground at a height convenient or by equivalent well understood means for receipt and
delivery of the molten iron to be conveyed from the one place of treatment to the
next in series, as well as for that delivery to be effected to the selected revolving baller
or puddler in the series (of which in the drawing only two are indicated) of any
convenient number that may be provided. These ballers or rotary puddlers have a
basic lining which may be similar to that of the furnace B which acts as a flux and
assists in decarbonising and otherwise purifying the molten metal which has previously
been desiliconised and dephosphorised in the open hearth furnace B; and to assist
this removal of remaining impurities the baller or rotary puddler is slowly rotated
thus bringing the molten metal in contact with fresh "fettle" or basic lining.

page_text: Figure 4. shews a similar view to Figure 1 of an alternate arrangement or combi-
nation of apparatus, wherein, for the Lancashire hearth shewn in figure 1. is shewn
substituted a boiling furnace wherein the metal is treated in a like manner, and for
a like purpose, and in fact the effect attained is the same.
Figure 5. shews a plan of this arrangement of Boiling furnace.
In these figures A shews the blast furnace B✶ the boiling furnace and D the
revolving puddler the other part being lettered correspondingly the foregoing descrip-
tion will serve for these figures also.
9
In the boiling furnace B* is the fire place with ash pit below is the boiling
hearth the bridge and passage to the stack k. From this hearth the metal is trans-
ferred by the ladle C or equivalent means to revolving puddler D. The molten
metal while in the baller or rotary puddler is submitted to the heat of a reverberatory
flame when found necessary to keep it partially molten while under treatment.
::
The mechanical work of balling the iron under this treatment is well under-
stood, as is the removal of the "ball" when the process is completed.
It will readily be seen that the iron produced by this process is of a high quality
and must necessarily be produced very cheaply.
On the withdrawal of the "Ball" from the "Baller" or < Rotary Puddler " it is
next put through a "Squeezer" or hammered in the usual way.
By the employment of the foregoing process of desiliconizing and dephosphorizing
iron in an open hearth furnace such as are sometimes called "Lancashire hearth
combined with the use of revolving puddlers and squeezers or hammers for the
purpose of producing wrought iron of high quality great benefits and economy will
accrue.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
In the manufacture of wrought iron the herein described process of desiliconizing,
dephosphorizing and puddling the metal by means of an open-hearth-furnace working
directly in conjunction with a revolving baller or puddler, or revolving ballers or
puddlers; the desiliconizing and dephosphorizing being effected in the open-hearth-
Furnace immediately and directly preparing the metal for the operation of puddling in
the revolving baller or rotary puddler, whereby it results that the lining of these
ballers or rotary puddlers is preserved from the rapid destruction which results when
a high percentage of silica is left in the metal.
Dated the 4th'der of Nash 1887
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.