Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubes and Vessels of Covered Glass.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th July, 1894-Accepted, 18th .Aug., 1994
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubes and Vessels of Covered
Glass.
I, NEWNHAM BROWNE, of 73, Cheapside, in the City of London, Chartered
Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has been
communicated to me by Gustav Kästner, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony
and Empire of Germany, Merchant, to be as follows:-
Glass vessels and tubes have heretofore been made with a covering of several
layers of impregnated paper or other material, the layers forming the covering, or
envelope, closely adhering to the glass. Such tubes or vessels are however difficult
to produce and any pressure or shock exerted upon the covering or envelope is
transmitted directly to the glass, endangering the latter. If by such pressure, or
shock the glass is broken, the fragments caused by the fracture fall into .the
interior, and especially in tubes being carried away by the flow of liquids say
within the tubes, reach parts such as stop-cocks valves, and the like, liable to be
damaged thereby.
Now the present invention has for its object to obviate the difficulties experienced
in making and using tubes of glass covered with tubular envelopes of impregnated
paper, pulp, or the like.
The invention consists in interposing between the tube and the tubular covering
of paper, or the like, a space and filling such space with a tough adhesive mass, say
viscous asphalte. This mass is so prepared as never to become entirely solid and
always to retain adhesiveness.
Thus the glass tube is, as it were, embedded in a cushion formed by said elastic
mass, which cushion prevents shock, or pressure, exerted on the paper envelope
reaching the glass tube so that if the glass is broken the fragments adhere to the
viscous mass and do not fall into the tube. It will be readily understood that this
invention may be varied and adapted to circumstances within wide. limits.
Dated the 25th day of May 1894.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubes and Vessels of Covered
Glass.
'I, NEWNHAM BROWNE, of 73 Cheapside, in the City of London, Chartered
Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
tlie same is to be performed, which has been communicated to me by Gustav
Kästner, of Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony and Empire of Germany,
Merchant, to be particularly described and. ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in tubes and receptacles
consisting of a glass-córe and a protecting covering of paper or fabric surrounding
the same.
Such tubes and receptacles possess great advantages among which I may mention
their great suitability for conveying or conducting acids or acid liquids, it has

page_text: however been found that these tubes also present a very deplorable effect. This
is, that any considerable shock or pressure received by the covering tube of paper
or fabric, is transmitted to the glass tube, causing the same to crack or break. In
such a case the whole conduit formed by the pipes often becomes unfit for use, the
more so, as the fragments of glass from the part that is broken, are carried by the
flowing liquid and reach such parts as a cock or valve, or other closing device,
damaging the same and prevent proper operation of the whole.
To obviate these disadvantages in covered glass tubes I have devised an
improvement in the same which I will explain by describing the progress followed
in making them.
As conduits of any desired length are to be constructed from such pipes, it is not
feasible to take all the tubes of one uniform length, they have to be made in
graduated lengths varying, say by a foot, so that by combining several of such
tubes a conduit of any length can be obtained. I therefore make such tubes of for
example one, two, three, four, five or six feet long and so forth.
'I accordingly use glass tubing of corresponding length and of the customary bore,
say for instance, in. to 18 in.
The paper or fabric for covering the same is also made of proper length and
into tubes of 1 to 2 inch greater bore than the external diameter of glass tube to
be covered so that, when the glass tube is inserted into the covering tube intended
for it, a clear space remains between the two.
How, and by what means such tubes of paper or fabric are to be produced being
well known, needs no description here especially as such covering tubes form no
part of this invention. I may however mention that the same may be either of
uniform bore throughout or socketted at one end to correspond in shape with the
tubes to be covered therewith.
I unite the tube of paper or fabric with the glass tube to be protected by it as
follows
The glass tube is inserted into the paper or fabric tube by which it is to be
protected, and a ring of elastic material say woollen cord laid round the former, the
thickness of the ring being such as just to fill up the space between the glass tube
"and the protecting tube, without being compressed. This ring not only keeps the
protecting tube concentric with the glass tube, but also closes one end of the space
between the two.
I now rest the two tubes (one being within the other), vertically on the closed
end and upon a level surface and, by inserting two or three wooden wedges, secure
the upper end of the glass tube so as to be likewise concentric with the protecting
tube.
When everything is so far ready I fill the clear space between the glass tube and
the protecting tube with some material that never becomes entirely hard and always
retains some degree of viscosity.
Asphalte, in the condition in which it is known as "Goudron Mineral" in the
trade is most suitable therefor. To this I add, according as it is more or less
tough 3 to 5% of mineral oil so as to make it soft and capable of expansion, to the
extent required for the purpose hereinafter set forth. In order to fill the space
between the tubes with the asphalte the latter is rendered liquid by heating it so
that it may be poured in.
When the hollow space is filled, and the filling material has, on cooling become
so firm as no longer to admit of the glass tube shifting its position, I remove the
wooden wedges used for centering it and insert another elastic ring at the upper
end say for instance as before a ring of woollen cord. Both rings are ultimately
saturated with tar or some viscous mineral oil so as to protect the same against the
destructive influence of acids and the like.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings show such improved tubes in section.
In Fig. 1 the end of one tube is shown inserted into the socket of the adjoining
one. Fig. 2 shows the ends of two tubes butting against one another and a coupling
sleeve placed over the same to hold the same together.

page_text: In both cases a is the glass tube forming the core, b is the tube of paper or
fabric enclosing the former, c is the filling of asphalte between the two, d are elastic
rings inserted at the ends of the tubes.
To make a tight joint where two tubes meet, I fill the sleeve connecting them or
rather the space between the latter and the former, likewise with "Goudron
Mineral" to this however I add no mineral oil as it is better that the filling at this
part should have a greater degree of hardness.
The improvement I effect in tubes consisting of a glass core and an enclosing
tube of paper or fabric as will be understood from the foregoing, consists, in using
a layer of filling material interposed between the two which material is of such a
nature as to be elastic and to retain a certain degree of stickiness. By this means
any shock or pressure acting upon the covering tube of paper or fabric b is so
reduced before reaching the glass tube that so long as a considerable alteration in
the outline of the paper tube is not produced only a displacement of the filling
material occurs and the shock or pressure does not produce cracking or breaking of
the glass tube a.
If however such breakage does occur from any cause, the broken fragments of
glass would remain adherent to the filling material c which retains its viscosity so
that the conduit remains intact.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
In tubes and receptacles consisting of a glass tubular core a and a tube c of
paper or fabric surrounding the same, the improvement that, between these two
(a and c) a space is provided, fitted with an elastic, adhesive, or viscous, material c
(say Goudron Mineral) and closed at both ends by elastic rings d so as to prevent
the transmission of shock or pressure from the covering tube c (of paper or fabric)
to the glass tube or receptacle a, and to retain in place fragments made should the
glass break.
Dated the 18th day of July 1894.