IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, PUMPS, AND COCKS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BEETSON, of Brick Lane, Saint Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, Brass
Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Beetson, my exors, adñors, and assigns, Her especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Beetson, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Beetson, my
exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, PUMPS, AND COCKS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said William Beetson, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and-
seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part-

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Beetson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
William Beetson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to any
My Invention consists,-
First, of improvements in the construction of water-closets.
Secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in the construction of
pumps. And,
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in the construction of
cocks.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will procced to describe the means pursued by me.
Ե
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a plan, and Figure 2-shews a section of a water-closet,
having some of my improvements applied thereto. a is the basin; b is the
pan, which I prefer to have made of glazed earthenware or of glass, such
materials offering more facility for obtaining cleanliness than the materials
heretofore employed. c is the lower part of the water-closet, which is also of
glazed earthenware, and has a frame consisting of the upper plate c¹, the lower
plate c², and screw bolts c³; and the making of the parts c of earthenware,
combined with the parts above explained, constitutes one of my improvements.
The pan b is made with a projection b¹, to connect it with the parts be, which
are of metal, 6s being the axis on which the pan 6 moves. are projections,
between which the lever d works, there being two pins 6 which connect the ends
of the projections 64, between which the lever d moves, and on the inner one
it rests in order to support the pan. The lever d is fixed to the axis d', and
such axis may be put in motion either by a lifting handle e acting on the
weighted arm d², or, in place of the handle e, the same may be moved by
means of a crank handle f, which is affixed directly to the axis d', which is
lengthened to receive such crank handle. The red dotted lines show the
position the pan and lever d assume when the pan is down and the handle
raised, the lever passing between the pins 6 as is shewn ; but when the arm d
is moved from the position shewn by the red dotted lines, it raises the pan,
and having raised it, the lever steps on to the inner pin and becomes a

page_text: stop; and it should be stated that the pan, when of earthenware or glass,
should be so arranged as not to strike against any of the parts when worked.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 show the pan b, of earthenware or of glass, and
metal parts fixed thereto separately, by which the construction of the same.
may be more readily seen.
Figure 9 shows a section, Figure 10 a plan in section, of a water-closet,
having other of my improvements applied thereto. Figure 11 shows a plan,
and Figure 12 a section of the valve separately. a is the basin, 6 is the
valve, which I prefer to be of metal faced with glazed earthenware, or with
glass, or with slate, as is shown. The valve moves on an axis at 6¹. On
the under side of the valve 62 is a curved projection, against which the lever
arm c moves in order to raise the valve into its place; bs being another
projection against which the end of the lever arm c comnes as it moves, and the
valve is thereby carried further back than if it simply be acted on by gravity.
d is a washer of gutta percha, vulcanized india rubber, or other suitable
material, against which the valve is pressed when shut, and there is a piece
of similar soft matter fixed at the under part of the valve as shown. The
arm c is put in motion by the arm c¹ fixed to the same axis, and the arm c¹ is
moved by the bandle and the rod e, or by other convenient means. The arm
c carries at its end a truck or roller, as shown, and which works against the
curved projection at the back of the valve. f is a lining of slate, or of glass,
or of glazed earthenware.
The
Figure 18 shows a plan, and Figure 14 an elevation, partly in section,
of a water-closet, having other of my improvements applied thereto. This
water-closet acts by means of a valve b; around the edge of this valve
is formed a groove, in which is placed vulcanized india-rubber, gutta.
percha, or other flexible matter or soft metal, as shewn at b*.
lower part c of this water-closet is formed of glazed earthenware, and is
fixed between two plates c¹ by means of screw bolts c. The valve 6 is hung
on an axis at 6', and there is a hook-formed projection at the back of the
valve which is acted on by the arm d, which is fixed to the axis d', and is
put in motion by means of the arm d², which is fixed to the axis d¹, such
arm d receiving motion from the crank handle e on the axis or shaft e¹,
which has a projecting arm e fixed thereto, and the arm e' is attached by a
connecting rod or link to the arm (³, as shewn; es being a spring to bring
back the axis or shaft e¹.
Figure 15 shows a vertical section, and Figure 16 shows a plan,
partly in section, of a water-closet having other of my improvements
applied thereto. The lower part of this water-closet is of glazed earthen-
ware and fixed in a frame similar to that described in respect to Figures

page_text: 1 and 2, and the further improvements shewn by the present Figures
of the Drawings have for their object a cheap and simple mode of raising
the pan.
a is the basin; b, the pan; c is an arm fixed on the axis or shaft;
d, the shaft or axis receiving motion by the crank handle e. The pan is pressed
on by the arm c, which thus retains the pan shut, and the pan opens by
gravity when the arm c is moved away.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention.
Figure 17 shows a side elevation of a pump, having part of my improvements
applied thereto. a is the barrel; b the piston rod which receives its motion
from the lever handle c, which has its fulcrum supported at c', the bearing on
either side being slotted so that the axis-can slide therein. On either side of the
lever handle is a projecting stud c³, which moves in curved fixed slots or guides d,
as shown, by which arrangement the lever handle can be attached directly to
the piston rod, and yet the rod will retain its proper position, and work correctly.
This means of constructing and working pumps is applicable to force as well
as lift pumps, and the arrangement may be varied so long as the lever is
attached directly to the piston rod, and the parts arranged so that the sliding
of the axis or fulcrum may take place.
Figure 18 shows a modification suitable for a ship's pump or other pump,
where more than one lever handle is required. a is the barrel; c, c, are two.
lever handles attached directly to the piston rod b, and the cross head of the
piston rod is guided by vertical guides. Each fulcrum or axis of the lever c
moves in fixed slotted bearings as before mentioned.
Another improvement in pumps has reference to the construction and
arrangement of the valves, with a view to facilitate the removal and replacing
of the valves. d is the lower valve, which is formed with necks or axes d', on
which the valve moves, and these necks are held by the projections on the
plate e, as shown; hence, by removal of the plate c, the valve can be got at,
removed, and replaced with facility, the projections e' acting as bearings of the
axes or necks of the valves when the parts are in their places. f is the upper
outlet valve, which is similarly arranged, the parts differing only in form, as
shewn by the Drawing. Figure 19 shows part of an elevation, Figure 20
shows a like elevation partly in section, Figure 21 shows a side elevation,
and Figure 22 a horizontal section of another pump, having other of my
improvements applied thereto, and they are applicable to those pumps where
pump handle passes into the barrel, and where the passage of the handle
is required to be rendered fluid-tight. a is the barrel. c is the pump handle
passing through the plate b, which is fixed to the pump by screws, as shewn.
c', the axis of the lever handle, the points of which are supported by the
screws c², c³.
On the lever handle c is au enlargement c³, which is sunk or
the

page_text: hollow in the interior, as shewn. At the inner end the lever handle is formed
with a screw to receive a nut c, and c is a tube to which the rod of the
bucket or piston is attached. d is a flat piece of waterproof flexible fabric or
material, through which the lever passes, and the same is made fast by means
of the washer, the tube c', and the screw nut c', the outer edges of the
flexible waterproof material being fixed by the screws as shown. And I would
state that the peculiarity of this arrangement consists of using a flat piece of
fluid-tight material in place of having the parts so constructed and com-
bined as to require that the flexible fluid-tight matter should be dished, as
heretofore made by me under a former Patent.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention.-Figure 23 shews the
section of a cock made according to part of my improvements. Figure 24
shows an interior view of the fore part of the cock. a is the valve, hung
on the axis b. The face of the valve is covered with leather, gutta percha,
vulcanized india rubber, or other suitable flexible matter. c, the lever by
which the valve is closed. It turns with the axis c', as shewn. d is a handle
fixed to the axis c', and by' which the lever is turned.
Figure 25 shews the section of a cock having other improvements applied
thereto. Figure 26 shows the fore part of the cock. a is the valve
suspended on a suitable axis, and it is moved up and down by the rising
and falling of the piston b, which is caused to rise and fall by the turning of
the handle c, there being a spiral slot d, into which studs fixed in the stem of
the piston work. By this arrangement, as the piston rises it opens the
valve by acting on the bent tail of the valve, and the valve is pressed against
its seat by the piston acting on the inclined back of the valve.
Figure 27 shows a plan, Figure 28 is a transverse section, and Figure 29
shows a longitudinal section, of another cock having part of my improve-
ments applied thereto. The chief novelty consists in making and using plugs
of slate, which I prefer to, form by turning to the proper shape, and by
drilling or cutting the passage or opening for the fluid. "The bushing is of
gutta percha, leather, or such other suitable flexible matter, and, if desired,
the whole of the interior of the barrel may be lined with gutta percha. The
bushing or lining a is retained in its position in the barrel by means of
entering therein and being fixed-by a ring 6 forced in the fluid way, as shewn.
Figure 30 shews a transverse section, Figure 31 is a longitudinal section,
and Figure 32 a plan, of an ordinary cock, having bushes or linings for the
plug to turn in of brass or other suitable fine metal, whilst the other parts of
the barrel are of iron. This mode of fixing linings or bushings for the plugs
may be applied to various forms of cocks.
Figure 33 shews a section of another cock, and Figure 34 an interior view';

page_text: and Figure 35 shows detailed views of the valve employed. This improve-
ment consists of the means shewn of moving and closing the valve. The
opening and surface at a is bushed or lined. This valve 6 is moved up and
down by the stem c, which has a pin therein which works in the spiral. The
valve has inclined surfaces at the back, so that when forced down the inclines
come against the recess, as shown, and are thereby more closely pressed
against the seat.
Figure 36 shows a section of another cock, and Figure 37 is a plan thereof,
having other of my improvements applied thereto. The valve 6 is hollow to
receive the stem c, by which it is forced down into its seat or raised therefrom,
so as to open the passage through the cock. The valve is fitted with leather
or other suitable flexible material on its under side, so as to close the seat
fluid-tight, and it has inclined grooves or slots formed in it, as shown, to
receive the studs c¹ projecting from the ring c, which has holes formed in it to
receive pins or projections from the stem c. The object of employing the
ring c³ is to admit of a slight play to the parts.
Figure 38 shows the section of another cock, which has a conical seat with
passages therein, which are closed by a conical end to the outlet tubo, as
shewn.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the details herein given, as they may be varied, so long as the peculiar
character of any part of my Invention be retained. What I claim is,-
First, the making the pan of earthenware or glass, and the making the
part c of earthenware, and combining it with the parts c', c², c³, and also the
modes of working the pan, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, and 8.
I also claim the mode of forming and working the valve, and lining the
part with glass, glazed earthenware, slate, or stone, as shown and described,
with reference to Figures 9, 10, 11, 12.
I also claim the mode of constructing and working the valve, and the
making the part c of glazed earthenware, as described with reference to
Figures 13, 14.
I also claim the mode of working the pan, as described with reference to
Figures 15 and 16.
Secondly, I claim the mode herein described of working the piston rods of
pumps.
I also claim the mode of arranging the valves.
And I also claim the mode of applying flexible materials to the handles
of pumps which pass into the barrels. And,

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the several combinations of parts in constructing cocks, as
herein described.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Beetson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
WILLIAM (L.S.) BEETSON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid William Beetson came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.