IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN EMBROIDERING, CLOTH CUTTING, AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS FOR THE SAME, 80ME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ACTUATING OR DRIVING OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Mabson, of Leeds, in the County of York
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES, AND IN
EMBROIDERING, CLOTH CUTTING, AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS FOR THE SAME,
80ME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ACTUATING OR
DRIVING OTHER MACHINES."
Sealed the 25th June 1872, and dated the 27th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Mabson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1871.
I, JOHN MABSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
5 the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,
AND IN EMBROIDERING, CLOTH CUTTING, AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS FOR THE SAME,
SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ACTUATING OR DRIVING
OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows:-

page_text: These improvements are as follows:-
In constructing a sewing machine on the Wheeler and Wilson
principle, I employ a noiseless cam to move forward the feed, which
cam is bevelled so that a projecting slide which is adjustable on a screw
and pin shall always hug the cam and make the feed noiseless; this slide
as it is raised or lowered gives more or less play to the feed, and
therefore shortens or lengthens the stitch as required. Near the outer
end of the shaft of the rotating hook I attach a pulley driven by a band
or cord from a driving wheel which is carried by a curved arm secured
to the machine by a screw and pin. This wheel is worked by a handle,
the object of the arrangement being to allow the ordinary pulley to be
enclosed in a cylinder so that a sleeve or any other part of a garment
may be drawn over this cylinder to be felled, and so that those parts of
the machine from which oil is liable to spurt or to run down upon the
operator's dress or upon the garment which is being stitched may be
shut in. By attaching one end of a connecting rod or pitman
excentrically to this driving wheel, and the other end of the connecting
rod to a sandal worked on a horizontal rod in a support the machine
may be converted from a hand machine to a portable treadle machine.
This driving wheel may be raised or lowered by means of a screw
swivelled at the bottom and having a nut at the end of the axle; the
lowering of the wheel tightens the belt and thus increases the driving
power. The machine may be fastened to an ordinary table by a clamp
and a winged screw passing through a slot in the clamp, the position of
the screw in the slot varying to suit the desired distance of the machine
from the edge of the table.
When the machine is provided with a sewing machine table and stand
the driving wheel may drive the pulley by surface friction or rolling
contact, or by a belt passing over the two. The shaft of the wheel has
two cranks at right angles to each other, and is supported at its ends by
sockets in screws which are placed in the outer casing of the standard.
The cranks are connected by rods to sandals which work on a rod fastened
by nuts to the outer casing. The outer casing which encloses these
parts is made in three pieces or castings, viz., the top or capital, the
middle and the bottom or base, the said pieces being joined by screws.

page_text: There are doors in the capital and base to allow the parts to be got at.
The object of this outer casing is to prevent the operator's dress or the
garment which is being stitched from being soiled by oil from the
machine to keep the dust from the working parts, to guard the operator's
dress from the friction of the driving wheel, and to prevent injury to
children should they come too close when the machine is at work.
Another mode of driving the machine by surface friction or rolling
contact is as follows:- I attach a vulcanized rubber ring to the inner
periphery or to one side of the driving wheel, and I provide the end of
the shaft of the rotating hook with a pulley, upon which the inner
periphery of the rubber ring presses. Thus as the driving wheel is
caused to rotate the motion is transmitted to the rotating hook shaft.
The shaft of the driving wheel may be supported by pendants which are
cast on the machine or fastened to the table. The table may be hinged
to the back of the standards, and be secured by bolts to the front, so that
by withdrawing the bolts the table may be raised for the purpose of
allowing the parts to be oiled when there are not any doors in the
capital of the casing. If the driving wheel is to be actuated by hand
there may be a handle on each end of the wheel shaft, or the shaft may
have one or two cranks to be worked by a single or double lever handle.
Or the motion of the driving wheel may be communicated to the rotating
hook shaft through the intermediation of an additional shaft, these two
shafts having cog wheels of the same size gearing with each other.
The additional shaft is carried through the standard of the machine, its
ends passing through a frame; to each end of this shaft is screwed
excentrically a metal diso; these excentric discs revolve with the shaft
in sockets connected by joints to the needle bar, so that motion is
transmitted to the needle holder, which rises and falls with every
revolution of the rotating hook. The needle bar slides in a groove of
the frame at each end, but below the joint room is left for the plug of
the connecting rod. The object of this arrangement is to do away with
the ordinary needle and cloth presser arms, which offer impediments to
the manipulation of work of various kinds where it is necessary to turn
the work, as in putting on sleeves, quilting, braiding, and embroidering.
The spindles for the spools and the tension pulleys are screwed into the
frame above mentioned.

page_text: be dispensed with by making the rotating hook shaft work the needle
bar, in which case the right-hand end of the frame is done away
with.
I make a portable treadle for working sewing machines as follows:-
:-
I take two strong standards or pedestals kept upright and at the proper
distance apart by rods or stays. Between these standards are ordinary
treadle sandals and connecting rods attached to a crank shaft above.
This crank shaft carries a driving wheel which may be either between
or outside the standards. This portable treadle when required for
use is simply placed in such a position that the driving wheel will
work the machine by a belt or by friction as before explained. This
portable treadle is well adapted for working a cloth cutting machine,
when such is combined with or made an attachment to a sewing
machine, as will be found explained in the Specification of my Patent
of 9th June, 1869, No. 1777. The upper jaws to which the cutter is
fastened are hung between pendants, which are attached to a socket
on a rod which is suspended from the ceiling or from a beam. The
socket is fastened to a spiral spring on the said rod. The rod being thus
suspended from the ceiling unlimited room is given for turning the work
about, but for small articles such as shirt collars a curved spring bolted
inside the platform on which the cloth is laid may be used, the upper
jaws being secured to this spring. This curved spring and the spiral
spring above named have the same object, viz., to keep the cutter taut.
The bottom end of the cutter is secured in jaws. The up-and-down
motion is transmitted to the cutter as follows:-The driving wheel is set
in motion by the treadle, and a belt from this wheel drives a pulley.
The lower jaws are fastened to a sliding box which has projections on
each side. These projections run in grooves in standards below the
jaws. The pulley shaft has a cam screwed to it, as this shaft rotates the
cam draws down the cutter by pressing on the box, and as the cam
turns upwards the box and the cutter are drawn back by the spiral or
curved spring, and thus the requisite up-and-down movement is
produced.
To enable a dog or other quadruped to give the necessary motion to a
sewing machine, I adopt the following arrangement:-In the centre of
a circular horizontal plate lined with india-rubber or other soft material,
I erect an upright on the top of which is a wheel with bevel teeth
on its under face. Pendants are secured to the wheel inside the teeth,

page_text: and these pendants have at their lower ends rollers which bear on the
circular plate. The teeth gear with another bevel toothed wheel on
the driving shaft of the sewing machine. The dog is attached to the first
wheel by a strap and collar, and as he travels round the upright motion
is communicated to the driving shaft.
When a sewing machine is enclosed by a cabinet I make the door
removable, and provide it with a stay or back support, so that when it is
furnished with a mirror it may be used as a cheval glass. The back stay
or support may be in the form of a seat, so that the operator when going
to work the machine takes out the door of the cabinet and sits down
upon the back support.
For the purpose of allowing thicker work to pass under the cloth
presser foot of sewing machines, and for allowing this foot to be readily
changed and other attachments, such as embroidering attachments,
to be fastened to the fore part of the cloth presser arm, I adopt the
following new adjustable cloth presser spring arrangement. The cloth
presser arm has the presser foot fastened thereto by a bolt passing
through the two and secured by a nut. A pin upon which the cloth
presser arm swings passes through this nut and through the standard of
the sewing machine. A screw is passed vertically through the back end
of the cloth presser arm; this screw has a ring at its lower end to press
upon a volute spring which lies in a hole in the standard. By screwing
up or unscrewing this screw the pressure upon the cloth presser foot is
increased or diminished as required. The cloth presser foot is raised and
lowered as required by means of a curved lever secured to the standard
and passing over a pin in the cloth presser arm.
Another adjustable cloth presser is constructed as follows:-The cloth
presser head is cylindrical and receives a piston, on the lower end of
which the presser foot is attached. A hollow screw is passed through
the top of the cylinder and presses upon a spring around the piston, by
screwing the screw down upon the spring greater pressure is put upon
the presser foot. In this arrangement a curved lever for raising and
lowering the foot may be attached to a stud projecting from the piston
and be carried over a pin on the cylinder, the said pin forming the
fulcrum.
For the sewing machine herein-before described, in which the ordinary

page_text: felling, I adopt a new construction of cloth plate. A portion of the
cloth plate is fastened to the cylinder, and is only used when a sleeve
or other like article has to be felled. This portion has its edges bevelled
underneath to correspond with the remaining portion which has its edges
bevelled on the upper side, and slides under the first portion which holds 5
it in place. The second portion has a slot to receive a crystal and is
gauged, the object of the crystal and gauge being to allow the end
The
of the feed bar to be seen and the length of stitch indicated.
needle slide fits into the first-named portion of the cloth plate, and is
bevelled on one edge and of V shape on the other edge to correspond 1
with a corresponding bevel and V groove in the cloth plate. The needle
slide is secured by a screw, and is therefore readily changed without
removing the cloth plate.
For the purpose of tightening the driving belts of sewing machines I
adopt the following arrangement :-I connect brackets to the under side 1
of the table, and pass a rod or pin through these brackets and through
the centres of a pair of arms; these arms are connected together at each
end by a roller which bears upon the belt; to tighten the belt the roller
at one end is raised against the belt so that the other roller becomes
depressed and presses upon the belt at the other side of the driving 2
pulley. A ratchet and paul retain the rollers and arm in place.
I construct the spool bracket of sewing machines with ridges which
prevent the bracket moving from side to side; these ridges do not
however extend the full length of the bracket so that when required it
may be drawn back and turned aside; this affords a ready means of 1
getting to the rotary hook for the purpose of inserting the hook by
which the single chain stitch is made. To enable the edges of two fabrics
to be joined together at varying distances, I construct a gauge composed
of two slides grooved to receive the two edges; these slides are movable
in relation one to another by means of slots and a screw, so that one
be moved more or less in advance of the other as required. The
gauge has a slot by means of which it may be fastened to the machine
by the ordinary thumbscrew.
may
_
I construct a hemmer which may be adjusted for various widths as
follows: One of the prongs of the cloth presser foot is lengthened
beyond the crystal, and to this prong the bemmer is fastened by a screw
passing through a slot. Another parallel slot receives a pin and the

page_text: hemmer is thus prevented turning on the screw; a curved piece of metal
to turn the hem is fastened by pins to the prong, and the metal is
curved to keep the hem well out.
I construct a binder for sewing machines which is adjustable to any
width of binding, and also to any thickness of cloth to be bound, as
follows: I lengthen one prong of the cloth presser foot as just described,
and attach thereto a plate to which the upper binder guides are screwed.
The lower binder guides are secured to another plate which is adjustable
to a bed plate, this bed plate being fastened to the sewing machine by the
ordinary thumbscrew and prevented turning on the screw by a pin. By
-moving the bed plate forward and keeping back the plate which carries
the lower guides the width of binding is reduced. There is a spring
through which a screw fastened to the bed plate passes, and on which is
a nut, which by being raised or lowered allows various thicknesses of
cloth to pass between the upper and under guides.
Another binder adjustable to any width of binding and to any thick-
ness of cloth is constructed as follows:-The binder bed plate is fastened
to the sewing machine by the ordinary thumbscrew and is movable by
means of a slot. Two other plates which carry the binder guides are
attached to the bed plate by a screw. By sliding back the bed plate this
screw moves back in slots, and thus the guides are adjusted for the
various widths. There is a spring through which a screw fastened to
the bed plate passes; a nut works on this screw and presses down the
upper binder guides to suit any thickness of cloth to be bound.
I construct a tuck marker for sewing machines as follows:-The
tucking gauge is secured to the machine by the ordinary thumbscrew;
on this gauge are uprights between which is one end of a piece of metal
on which a slide adjustable by a slot and screw moves. At the end of
the slide is a spiked or spur wheel which marks the cloth as it passes
underneath. The pressure on the wheel may be increased by turning a
mill headed pin which is fastened by a screw to the piece of metal, and
which passes through the uprights; it is prevented returning by a
ratchet and paul.
I construct another tuck marker as follows:-A curved arm is
fastened by the ordinary thumbscrew to the tucking gauge and to the
machine. A slide adjustable by a slot and screw is fastened to the
curved arm, and is prevented turning on its screw by a pin. At the end

page_text: of the slide is a threaded socket to receive a screw which is pointed
and solid at one end. An elastic band is passed under the slide,
and as the curved arm is very elastic the slide is lifted by this band
every time the needle holder or needle arm rises, and when the slide falls
the screw point makes a mark in the cloth or calico. When woollen,
merino, or other soft goods have to be marked, the marking screw is
reversed, a piece of chalk being fitted in the opposite end to mark the
cloth as it passes under it.
I construct a combined quilting gauge and trimmer for sewing
machines as follows:-To the cloth presser foot I fasten a slide adjustable
by means of a slot and screw. This slide carries a bent arm to which
the quilting gauge is attached. On the bar of the quilting gauge are
one or more feet, any required number of which may be used. The
feet have slits to allow them to pass on the bar, which has teeth like
comb teeth to hold the feet and prevent them moving from side to side.
The bar is slotted for the ribbon or other trimming to pass through when
the device is used as a trimmer; in this case two of the feet are used to
guide the trimming.
To combine a tuck folder and tucking gauge with the combined
quilting gauge and trimmer last described, I form the tuck folder and
the tucking gauge respectively on the two ends of a bow or curved plate,
which is screwed to the cloth presser arm, and passes round the two ends
of the quilting gauge. When a garment has to be tucked the tuck
folder and tucking gauge are adjusted in the ordinary manner for the
desired width; one tuck is first stitched in the machine, and then the
width between the tucks is determined by the position of the foot on the
quilting gauge; the stitching of the last tuck is guided to the foot, and
thus the tucks will run at equal distances from each other.
.I construct a combined friller and gatherer, tuck folder, and corder
as follows:-The tuck folder and tucking gauge are carried by a bow
as above explained. A threaded rod passes through a female thread in
the bow and has a roller attached to its end. When it is desired to frill
and gather, the cloth to be gathered passes freely under the tuck folder,
while the band is held back by the roller, and is not moved along by the
feed of the machine until the cloth has been gathered. The tuck folder
is attached to the bow by a screw so that when desired it may be
removed and a corder substituted.

page_text: According to another arrangement for frilling and gathering 1 sub-
stitute for the tuck folder an arm which has a forked end; the prongs of
the fork carry two uprights between which are two toothed rollers in
gear with each other; at the ends of the lower of these rollers are toothed
wheels of larger diameter than the rollers. A threaded rod with a roller
at its end as before passes through a female thread in the bow of the.
tucking gauge. This roller rests on the upper toothed roller. The cloth
to be gathered passes under the toothed wheels, and the band to be
stitched thereto passes between the upper toothed roller and the roller
on the end of the threaded rod. As this roller is of smaller diameter
than the toothed wheels a greater length of the cloth is moved than
of the band, and the cloth is therefore gathered by the feed of the
machine.
I construct a double brush loop check for sewing machines as follows:
-I employ a double arm which turns on a central pin, and is fixed in
the required position by a screw working in a curved slot. The double
arm carries a brush loop check at each end. When the sewing machine
is making a lock stitch by means of the usual metallic bobbin the lower
brush check is caused to press against the rotary hook in order to check
the loops in the ordinary way; but when a chain stitch is to be formed
and a hook is inserted in place of the bobbin the lower brush is drawn
back and the upper one moved forward to press against the rotary hook.
Or the arm which carries the two brush loop checks may be a fixture
and the brushes moved in their pads or holders as required.
I construct an embroidering attachment for sewing machines as
follows: The frame of this attachment is secured to the cloth presser
arm of the machine by a bolt and nut; the frame has ledges to keep it
steady. On the top of the frame is a movable box open at each end,
and which has a screw swivel jointed thereto to slide the box backwards
and forwards as required. A ratchet wheel has its spindle or axis
supported in this box, and the box also contains a spring paul; this
paul has connected to it a cord or band which goes over a stud on
the needle arm, so that as the needle arms descends it draws down the
paul, and causes it to move the ratchet wheel one tooth or division. The
ratchet wheel has on its face rings which extend from the circumference
towards the centre, and these rings have grooves or channels cut in
them. In the outermost ring a groove is formed on the first and third

page_text: quarters of its circumference.
Now as this ratchet wheel is caused
to revolve, as before explained, certain levers the ends of which are
on this wheel, their opposite ends being connected to the embroidery
thread guides, are closed nearer together when the ends are in the
channels, this closing being effected by a small elastic band, and
as their ends rise out of the channels the levers are thrown open, and
thus the thread guides attached to their opposite ends are crossed and
recrossed, and the embroidery threads are stitched down to the fabric at
each crossing by the needle descending within the points formed by the
crossing of these threads. To alter the character of the embroidery
stitch, which can be done while the machine is in motion, the screw
swivel before named is caused to move forward the sliding box with the
ringed ratchet wheel, so that the levers are moved into different rings,
and the stitch is thereby varied. By having a ratchet wheel with a
different number of teeth and variously grooved rings, further variety
in the stitch may be obtained.
I construct a compound or double embroidery attachment as
follows: The upper embroiderer is the same as last described, and the
lower one is joined to the frame of the upper one by being made to
embrace it at the side, and being secured by the same bolt and nut. To
the needle arm of the sewing machine two levers for actuating the lower
embroiderer are secured. As the needle arm descends one of these levers
forces back the other which has a paul to take into a ratchet wheel. On
the ascent of the needle arm the ratchet wheel moves round one tooth or
division, and is prevented returning by another paul. The spindle of
this ratchet wheel is a bolt fastened by a nut, and carrying a disc which
revolves therewith. This disc has four levers adjustable by means of
screws, so that they may be moved back or forward to vary the stitch for
the same purpose as the grooved rings of the upper embroiderer. The
embroiderer frame has a shelf with a groove therein in which a slide
moves. Now as the ratchet wheel revolves, the disc with the levers
revolves also, and these levers are arranged so that the slide may
sometimes be moved back when the embroidery guides are closed,
but when the guides are to be opened, then the lever on the disc is
moved back, and a spiral spring acts on the slide and forces it forward,
thus opening the embroidery guides. The ends of the thread guides
turn on pins, and there are small elastic bands which yield when the
guides catch the needle, and which keep the ends straight out. The

page_text: produce beautiful and heavy work.
I construct another embroidery attachment as follows:-As in the
lower embroiderer of the double arrangement last described, I attach
two levers to the needle arm to work a ratchet wheel, the spindle of
which carries a disc. This disc is grooved like the ratchet wheel of
the first embroiderer herein described. A horizontal rod passes through
the embroiderer frame, and its end is caused by a spring to hug the disc
so that as the disc is caused to revolve with the ratchet wheel, this rod
moves in and out of the grooves, and actuates the levers of the thread
guides which are connected therewith; the guides are thus caused to
open and close. The horizontal rod is shifted from one groove of the
disc to another when required by means of a screw which moves the
shelf on which the rod rests, a slot being cut in the frame to permit
of it.
I construct another embroidery attachment as follows:-I employ two
levers on the needle arm as in the arrangement last described, together
with the ratchet wheel and a disc, but the disc is grooved on the outer
face. A shelf is attached to the frame. A rod which slides in a groove
) in the frame carries an upright in which are screws at different heights
to run on different rings of the disc, only one screw being in action at a
time. As the disc revolves the screw is moved back by the raised
part of the disc, and forwards by a spring which forces the screw
into the groove; then as the thread guide levers are fastened to the
5 sliding rod, the opening and closing of the guides is effected. To make
a braid with this embroiderer, an upright resting on the cloth presser foot
carries a lever swinging on a joint; a cam pressing on one end of this
lever keeps the other end with the threads raised while two stitches are
being made with the embroiderer guides opened; when the cam has
O made a half revolution the lever falls by its own weight, and the thread
guides are closed over the threads in the lever, and two other stitches are
made, and thus the braid is formed. If a fabric be placed under the
braid at the time of its formation the braid will be stitched to it.
I construct another embroidery attachment for sewing machines as

page_text: horizontal axle, one end of which axle carries a ratchet wheel, and the
other end a grooved disc. A horizontal shaft is supported by the frame
and is surrounded by a volute spring. A lever is fastened at the upper
end to this shaft, and is forked at its lower end to actuate the thread
guides. As the needle arm descends a band attached to the spring paul
which works the ratchet wheel causes this paul to move the wheel
together with the disc a portion of a revolution; the disc thus throws
forward the horizontal shaft and lever, and thereby closes the thread
guides; but when the grooved part of the disc comes to the end of the
shaft the volute spring throws back the shaft and lever, and thereby
opens the thread guides. The frame is slotted so that the screw can
raise or lower the disc for the purpose of varying the embroidery
stitch

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Mabson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MABSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Mabson, Her special licence
that I, the said John Mabson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Mabson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
MACHINES, AND IN EMBROIDERING, CLOTH CUTTING, AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS FOR
THE SAME, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ACTUATING OR
DRIVING OTHER MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Mabson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Mabson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be 'particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of various improvements in sewing machines
and in their attachments, chiefly with the object of facilitating and
simplifying the working of such machines and of producing a superior
or better class of goods.

page_text: In constructing a sewing machine on the Wheeler and Wilson
principle I employ a noiseless cam 1, see Figure 1, to move forward the
feed 2, which cam is bevelled so that a projecting slide 3 which is
adjustable on a screw 4 and pin 5 shall always hug the cam and make
the feed noiseless; this slide as it is raised or lowered gives more or less
play to the feed, and therefore shortens or lengthens the stitch as
required. Near the outer end of the shaft of the rotating hook I attach
a pulley 7 driven by a band or cord from a driving wheel 8, which is
carried by a curved arm 10 secured to the machine by a screw 11 and
pin 12. This wheel is worked by a handle 9, the object of the arrange-
ment being to allow the ordinary pulley 13 to be enclosed in a cylinder 14,
14, so that a sleeve or any other part of a garment may be drawn over this
cylinder to be felled, and so that those parts of the machine from which
oil is liable to spurt or to run down upon the operator's dress or upon
the garment which is being stitched may be shut in. By attaching one
end of a connecting rod or pitman 2, Figure 2, excentrically to this
driving wheel, and the other end of the connecting rod to a sandal 5
(Figure 2) worked on a horizontal rod 6 in a support 7, the machine may
be converted from a hand machine to a portable treadle machine. This
driving wheel (marked 4 in Figure 2) may be raised or lowered by
means of a screw 8 swivelled at the bottom and having a nut at the end
of the axle 9; the lowering of the wheel tightens the belt, and thus
increases the driving power. The machine may be fastened to an
ordinary table by a clamp 10 and a winged screw 11 passing through a
slot in the clamp, the position of the screw in the slot varying to suit
the desired distance of the machine from the edge of the table. This
portable treadle may be applied to other machines, fret cutting, and
cloth cutting machines for example. Figure 2 shews the machine as
closed in by the cylinder 1 (marked 14 in Figure 1).
As regards Figures 1 and 2 I claim the mode or means described
and shewn in Figure 1 of making the feed or machine noiseless; also
enclosing the ordinary driving pulley in a cylinder as described and
substituting another pulley 7 (Figure 1), which pulley may be driven
by hand or by a portable treadle.
I also claim the portable treadle described.

page_text: stand, see Figure 3, the driving wheel 1 may drive the pulley 2 by
surface friction or rolling contact or by a belt passing over the two.
The shaft 3 of the wheel 1 has two cranks at right angles to each other
and is supported at its ends by sockets in screws 4, 4, which are placed in
the outer casing 5 of the standard. The cranks are connected by
rods 6, 6, to sandals 7 which work on a rod 8 fastened by nuts to the
outer casing. The outer casing which encloses these parts is made in
three pieces or castings, as shewn in the external view Figure 8
(Figure 3 being a sectional view), viz., the top or capital, the middle
and the bottom or base, the said pieces being joined by screws at 1 and 2.
There are doors 3, 3, in the capital and doors 4, 4, in the base to allow
the parts to be got at. The object of this outer casing is to prevent the
operator's dress or the garment which is being stitched from being
soiled by oil from the machine, to keep the dust from the working
parts, to guard the operator's dress from the friction of the driving
wheel, and to prevent injury to children should they come too close
when the machine is at work.

page_text: If the driving wheel is to be actuated by hand there may be a handle
on each end of the wheel shaft, as in Figure 5, or the shaft may
have a crank 5 worked by a lever handle 6, as in Figure 5, or two
cranks to be worked by a double lever handle, as in Figure 7.
I claim the modes of driving the machine by hand as described with
reference to Figures 5 and 7.
Or the motion of the driving wheel may be communicated to the
rotating hook shaft through the intermediation of an additional shaft,
see Figures 9 and 9½, in which 3 is the additional shaft and 6
the shaft of the rotating hook, these two shafts having cog wheels 4
and 5, of the same size gearing with each other. The additional
shaft 3 is driven by a band passing from the driving wheel 1 over the
pulley 2, and is carried through the standard 7 of the machine, its ends
passing through a frame 8; to each end of this shaft 3 is screwed
excentrically a metal disc 1, Figure 10; these excentric discs revolve
with the shaft 3, Figure 9, in sockets 3, Figure 10, connected by joints
10 to the needle bar 9, so that motion is transmitted to the needle holder
which rises and falls with every revolution of the rotating hook. The
needle bar slides in a groove of the frame 8, Figure 9, at each end, but
below the joint room is left for the plug of the connecting rod. The 1
object of this arrangement is to do away with the ordinary needle and
cloth presser arms, which offer impediments to the manipulation of
work of various kinds where it is necessary to turn the work as in
putting on sleeves, quilting, braiding, and embroidering. If preferred
cranks may be substituted for the eccentric discs. The spindles for the
spools and the tension pulleys are screwed into the frame 8. To prevent
the work being entangled by the shaft 3 a guard may be cast or fastened
on the machine as shewn in Figure 9. The shaft 3 may be dispensed
with by making the rotating hook shaft 6 work the needle bar 9, in
which case the right-hand end of the frame 8 is done away with.
As regards Figures 9, 9½, and 10, I claim, actuating the rotating hook
and the needle bar as described.
I make a portable treadle for working sewing machines, cloth cutting,
hair brushing, and other machines as shewn in Figure 11:-I take two
strong standards or pedestals 1, 1, kept upright and at the proper a
distance apart by rods or stays 2, 3, and 4. Between these standards

page_text: are ordinary treadle sandals 7 and connecting rods 8, 8, attached to a
crank shaft 5 above. This crank shaft carries a driving wheel 6, which
may be either between the standards, as in Figure 11, or outside as shewn
in Figure 12. This portable treadle when required for use is simply
placed in such a position that the driving wheel will work the machine
by a belt or by friction as before explained.
I claim the portable treadle constructed as described with reference to
Figure 11.
This portable treadle is well adapted for working a cloth-cutting machine,
when such is combined with or made an attachment to a sewing machine,
as will be found explained.in the Specification of my Patent of 9th June
1869, No. 1777. This will be understood on reference to Figure 12,
in which 1 is the platform on which the cloth is to be turned when cut.
The upper jaws 2 to which the cutter 3 is fastened are hung between
pendants 9 and 10, which are attached to a socket 8 on a rod 4, which is
suspended from the ceiling or from a beam. The socket 8 is fastened to a
spiral spring 5 on the said rod. The rod being thus suspended from the
ceiling, unlimited room is given for turning the work about; but for
small articles such as shirt collars a curved spring as shown at 2,
Figure 45, bolted inside the platform as seen at 3, may be used, the
upper jaws being secured to this spring. This curved spring and the
spiral spring in Figure 12 have the same object, viz., to keep the cutter
taut. The bottom end of the cutter in both cases is secured in jaws 6,
Figure 45. The up-and-down motion is transmitted to the cutter as
follows: The driving wheel 6, Figure 12, is set in motion by the treadle,
and a belt from this wheel drives a pulley 4, Figure 45. The lower
jaws 6 are fastened to a sliding box 7 by a pin 8, Figure 46, and the
box has projections 9, 9, on each side; these projections run in grooves
in standards 10 and 11 below the jaws; the pulley shaft 5 has a cam 12
screwed to it, and is itself secured to the standards by a nut 18. As this
shaft rotates the cam 12 draws down the cutter (see Figure 46) by
pressing on the box 7, and as the cam turns upwards the box and the
cutter are drawn back by the spiral or curved spring, and thus the
requisite up-and-down movement is produced.
As regards Figures 12, 45, and 46, I claim the mode of actuating
the cutting machine by means of the cam and box arrangement; also
the mode of keeping the saw taut by a rod suspended from a ceiling or a
beam with a spiral spring.

page_text: As regards Fig. 15, I claim the cloth presser arrangement with
adjustable spring as described, and the mode described of fastening the
presser foot to the arm.
Figure 16 shews another adjustable cloth presser. The cloth presser 1
is cylindrical, and a piston 2 works therein; 3 is a hollow screw which
is passed through the presser head 4. When the bottom of the hollow
screw 3 is forced down upon the spring 5 a greater pressure is put upon
the presser foot, which is attached to the lower end of the piston 2. In
this arrangement a curved lever 2, Figure 17, for raising and lowering
the foot may be attached to a stud 3 projecting from the piston and
be carried over a pin 4 on the cylinder, the said pin forming the fulcrum.
As regards Figures 16 and 17, I claim the adjustable cloth presser
spring arrangement described, and the mode of raising and lowering the
presser foot as described.
Figures 18 and 19 represent a modification of the adjustable cloth
presser arrangement shewn in Figure 16. 1 is the cylinder in which the
piston 2 moves. 3 is a hollow tube which is placed inside the head 4.
When the female' screw 5 is screwed down on the male screw 6, the
tube 3 presses on the spring 7, and increases the pressure on the presser
foot.
Figure 20 shews a new cloth plate for the cylinder machine shewn in
Figure 1. 1 represents that portion of the cloth plate which is fastened
to the cylinder, and is only used when a sleeve or other like article is to
be felled. 2 is another portion which has its edges bevelled on the
upper side, and is made to slide under the part 1, the edges of which
are bevelled underneath, and consequently hold the portion 2 in its place.
3 is a crystal which goes into a slot in the part 2, which is gauged so
that the end of the feed bar may be seen and the length of stitch
indicated. 4 is the screw hole for the thumb screw which fastens the
ordinary tucking gauge to the machine; and 5 is a hole intended to
receive a pin to prevent the tucking gauge turning on the thumbscrew,
and thus altering the gauge. 6 is the needle slide, the edge 7 of which
is of a V shape, and the edge 8 is bevelled on the upper side. It is
fastened into the place 9 by means of a screw 10 which enters the screw
hole 11. The cloth plate 1 is grooved and bevelled to receive the slide.
The object of this arrangement is to allow of the needle slide being
changed without having to remove the cloth plate.

page_text: I claim as regards Figure 20 the cloth plate and needle slides con-
structed as described.
This Figure also shews a novel mode which I claim, of bringing the
thread from the under bobbin to the hole in the needle slide. 12 is a
strip of metal soldered at the end 13 to the under side of the cloth
plate, while its opposite end 14 is about th of an inch below the cloth
plate. Between the needle slide and the portion in which it fits is a
slit 15 continued. by a slit 16 in the needle slide to the needle hole. The
thread from the under bobbin is passed over the end 14 of the strip 12,
and led thence through the slits 15 and 16.
For the purpose of tightening the driving belts of sewing machines I
adopt the arrangement shown in Figure 21. 1 is the table to which
supports 2 and 3 are fastened by screws passing through lugs 4. 5 is a
pin which passes through roller arms 6, 6, and through the supports 2, 3;
the roller arms swing upon the pin 5. To tighten the belt the roller 7
is raised against the belt on one side of the driving pulley, and the
roller 8 at the same time is depressed on the belt on the other side. A
a tchet 9 and paul 10 prevent the return of the rollers.
I claim as regards Figure 21 the mode of tightening the driving belts
of sewing or other machines, as described.
I construct the spool bracket of sewing machines with ridges 1, 1, as
shewn in Figure 22, which prevent the bracket moving from side to side;
these ridges do not, however, extend the full length of the bracket, so
that when required it may be drawn back and turned aside; this affords
a ready means of getting to the rotary hook for the purpose of inserting
the hook by which the single chain stitch is made.
I claim the mode described of preventing the spool bracket turning
from side to side.
To enable the edges of two fabrics to be joined together at varying
distances I construct a gauge as shewn in Figure 23. 1 is a slot by
which the gauge is fastened to the machine with the ordinary thumb-
screw. 2 and 3 are slides which are grooved, and these slides are
movable by the screw 5 one in advance of the other, as may be required.
I claim the mode described of varying the distance at which the edges
of two fabrics are guided.

page_text: I construct a hemmer which may be adjusted for various widths, as
shown in Figure 24. 1 is the cloth presser foot; the prong 2 is
lengthened beyond the crystal, and to this the hemmer is fastened by
means of a thumbscrew 3, and there is a pin 4 which comes through a
slot 5 parallel to the slot 6, through which the thumbscrew 3 passes.
This is to prevent the hemmer turning on the screw. 7 is a curved
piece of metal which turns the hem and is fastened to the prong 2 by
pins. The curve 8 in the metal is to keep the hem well out.

page_text: which runs on the said screw, and presses down the upper binder guides
to any thickness of cloth that may have to be bound.
I claim as regards Figure 26 the mode of moving the binder guides,
and the spring arrangement for holding down the upper guides to the
cloth to be bound.
I construct a tuck marker for sewing machines as represented in
Figure 27. The tucking gauge 1 is secured to the machine by the
ordinary thumbscrew. On this gauge are uprights 2 and 3, between
which is one end of a piece of metal 4, on which a slide 5, adjustable by
a slot and screw 6, moves. At the end of the slide is a spiked or spur
wheel 7, which marks the cloth as it passes underneath. The pressure
on the wheel 7 may be increased by turning a mill-headed pin 8, which
is fastened by a screw to the piece of metal 4, and which passes through
the uprights 2 and 3%; it is prevented returning by a ratchet and pawl 9.
I claim the mode described of putting pressure on a spiked or spur
wheel marker.
I construct another tuck marker as shown in Figure 28. A curved
arm 2 is fastened by the ordinary thumbscrew to the tucking gauge 1,
and to the machine. A slide 3, adjustable by a slot 5 and screw 4, is
fastened to the curved arm, and is prevented turning on its screw by
a pin 6. At the end of the slide is a threaded socket 7 to receive a
screw 8, which is pointed and solid at one end; an elastic band 9 is
passed under the slide, and as the curved arm 2 is very elastic the slide
is lifted by this band every time the needle holder or needle arm rises,
and when the slide falls the screw point 8 makes a mark in the cloth or
calico. When woolen, merino, or other soft goods have to be marked,
the marking screw 8 is reversed, a piece of chalk 10 being fitted in
the opposite end to mark the cloth as it passes under it.
As regards Figure 28 I claim the mode of constructing the marker so
that it can be reversed.
I construct a combined quilting gauge and trimmer for sewing
machines as represented in Figure 29. 1 is the cloth presser foot; 2 is
a slide which is fastened to the foot by a screw 3; 4 is a bent arm to
which the quilting gauge 5 is fastened; 6 is a movable foot, any number
of which may be used. These feet have each a slit 7 to allow them to
pass on the bar of the quilting gauge. 8, 8, are the teeth which hold

page_text: the feet and prevent them moving from side to side, 9 is a slot in the
bar through which the ribbon or other trimming is passed when the
device is used as a trimmer; in this case two of the feet 6 are used to
guide the trimming.
I claim as regards Figure 29 the mode described of fastening the
quilting gauge to the cloth presser arm with its slot, and the mode of
holding the feet or gauges by means of a comb to be used either as
quilting gauges or as guides for a trimmer.
To combine a tuck folder and tucking gauge with the combined
quilting gauge and trimmer last described, I form (see Figure 30) the
tuck folder and the tucking gauge 2 respectively on the two ends of a
bow or curved plate 3, 3, which is screwed to the cloth presser arm, and
passes round the two ends of the quilting gauge. When a garment has
to be tucked, the tuck folder and tucking gauge are adjusted in the
ordinary manner for the desired width by means of the thumbscrew 4.
One tuck 5 is first stitched in the machine, and then the width between
the tucks is determined by the position of the foot 6 on the quilting
gauge; the stitching of the last tuck is guided to the foot, and thus the
tucks will run at equal distances from each other.
As regards Figure 30 I claim the mode of tuck folding as described.
I construct a combined friller and gatherer, tuck folder, and corder
as represented in Figure 31. The tuck folder and tucking gauge are
carried by a bow, as above explained. A threaded rod 3 passes through
a female thread in the bow, and has a roller 5 attached to its end.
When it is desired to frill and gather, the cloth 6 to be gathered passes
freely under the tuck folder 2, while the band is held back by the
roller 5, and is not moved along by the feed of the machine until the
cloth has been gathered. The tuck folder is attached to the bow
by a screw 9, so that when desired it may be removed and a corder
substituted.
According to another arrangement for frilling and gathering, shown in
Figure 82, I substitute for the tuck folder an arm 1, which has a forked
end 2; the prongs of the fork carry two uprights 3, 3, between which
are two toothed rollers 4 and 5, in gear with each other; at the ends of
the lower of these rollers are toothed wheels 6, 6, of larger diameter
than the rollers. A threaded rod 7 with a roller 9 at the end as before
passes through a female thread 8 in the bow of the tucking gauge. This

page_text: roller rests on the upper toothed roller 4. The cloth to be gathered
passes under the toothed wheel 6, and the band 11 to be stitched thereto
passes between the upper toothed roller and the roller 9. As this roller
is of smaller diameter than the toothed wheels, a greater length of the
cloth is moved than of the band, and the cloth is therefore gathered by
the feed of the machine.
As regards Figures 31 and 32, I claim the modes of frilling and
gathering as described, and the mode of changing for the corder.
I construct a double brush loop check for sewing machines as
represented in Figure 33. I employ a double arm 2, which turns.
on a central pin 3, and is fixed in the required position by a screw 6
working in a curved slot 7. The double arm 2 carries a brush loop
check 4, 5, at each end. When the sewing machine is making a lock
stitch by means of the usual metallic bobbin, the lower brush check 4 is
caused to press against the rotary hook 1 in order to check the loops in
the ordinary way; but when a chain stitch is to be formed, and a hook
is inserted in place of the bobbin, the lower brush 4 is drawn back and
the upper one 5 moved forward to press against the rotary hook. Or
the arm which carries the two brush loop checks may be a fixture, and
the brushes moved in their pads or holders 8 and 9, as required.
I claim the double brush loop check arrangement described.
I construct an embroidery attachment for sewing machines as
represented in Figure 34. The frame 1 of this attachment is secured
to the cloth presser arm 2 of the machine by a bolt and nut 3; the
frame has ledges 4, 4, to keep it steady. On the top of the frame is a
movable box 5 open at each end, and which has a screw swivel 6 jointed
thereto to slide the box backwards and forwards as required. A ratchet
wheel 7 has its spindle or axis 8 supported in this box, and the box also
contains a spring paul 9, 10; this paul has connected to it a cord or
elastic band 11, which goes over a stud on the needle arm 12, so that as
the needle arm descends it draws down the paul 10, and causes it to
move the ratchet wheel 7 one tooth or division. The ratchet wheel, see
Figure 35, has on its face rings which extend from the circumference
towards the centre, and these rings have grooves or channels cut in
them. In the outermost ring a groove is formed on the first and third
quarters of its circumference, see Figure 36, and the next ring has a
groove on the second and fourth quarters of its circumference. Now

page_text: as this ratchet wheel 7 is caused to revolve as before explained, the
levers 13, the ends of which are on this wheel, their opposite ends being
connected to the embroidery thread guides 15, 15, are closed nearer
together when the ends are in the channels, this closing being effected
by a small elastic band 14, and as their ends rise out of the channels the
levers are thrown open, and thus the thread guides 15 attached to
their opposite ends are crossed and recrossed, and the embroidery threads
are stitched down to the fabric at each crossing by the needle descend-
ing within the points formed by the crossing of these threads. To alter
the character of the embroidery stitch, which can be done while the
machine is in motion, the screw swivel 6 is caused to move forward the
sliding box 5 with the ringed ratchet wheel 7, so that the levers 13 are
moved into different rings, and the stitch is thereby varied. By having
a ratchet wheel with a greater number of teeth and variously grooved
rings, further variety in the stitch may be obtained. Figure 37 is a
sectional view of the wheel shown in Figure 35.
I claim constructing embroidery attachments for sewing machines as
described with reference to Figures 34 to 37.
I construct a compound or double embroidery attachment as repre-
sented in Figure 38. The upper embroiderer is the same as last
described, and the lower one is joined to the frame of the upper one by
being made to embrace it at the side and being secured by the same bolt
and nut 2. To the needle arm 3 of the sewing machine two levers 4, 5,
for actuating the lower embroiderer, are secured. As the needle arm
descends the lever 4 forces back the lever 5, which has a paul 5° to take
into a ratchet wheel 6. On the ascent of the needle arm the ratchet
wheel moves round one tooth or division, and is prevented returning by
another paul 7. The spindle of this ratchet wheel is a bolt fastened by
a nut 8 and carrying a diso 9, which revolves therewith. This disc has
four levers, adjustable by means of screws 1 and 2, Figure 40, so that
they may be moved back or forward to vary the stitch for the same
purpose as the grooved rings of the upper embroiderer. The embroiderer
frame has a shelf with a groove therein in which a slide 11 moves; 12
is a spiral spring. Now as the ratchet wheel revolves the disc 9 with
the levers revolves also, and these levers are arranged so that the
slide 11 may sometimes be moved back when the embroidery guides 13
are closed, but when the guides are to be opened then the lever on the
disc is moved back, and the spiral spring 12 acts on the slide 11 and

page_text: forces it forward, thus opening the embroidery guides. The ends of
the thread guides turn on pins 14, 14, and there are small elastic
bands 15, 15, which yield when the guides catch the needle, and which
keep the ends straight out. The upper and lower embroiderers may
thus be used in conjunction to produce beautiful and heavy work.
Figure 39 is a front view of the disc 9 of Figure 38, shewing the four
levers 1, 2, 3, 4, and Figure 14 is a back view of the disc, shewing the
screw heads 1, 2, by which the levers are actuated.
I claim constructing embroidery attachments for sewing machines as
described with reference to Figures 38, 39, and 40.
I construct another embroidery attachment as represented in
Figure 41. As in the lower embroiderer of the double arrangement
last described I attach two levers 3 and 4 to the needle arm 2 to work
a ratchet wheel 5, the spindle of which carries a disc 7. This disc is
grooved like the ratchet wheel of the first embroiderer herein described.
A horizontal rod 8 passes through the embroiderer frame 1, and its end
is caused by a spring pressing against the shoulder 9 to hug the disc 7,
so that as the disc is caused to revolve with the ratchet wheel this rod
moves in and out of the grooves, and actuates the levers 10 of the thread
guides 11 and 12, which are connected therewith; the guiders are thus
caused to open and close. The horizontal rod 8 is shifted from one
groove of the disc to another when required by means of a screw 14,
which moves the shelf 15 on which the rod rests, a slot being cut in the
frame to permit of it.
I claim constructing embroidering attachments for sewing machines
as described with reference to Figure 41.
I construct another embroidery attachment as represented in Figure 42.
I employ two levers on the needle arm, as in the arrangement last
described, together with the ratchet wheel and a disc 1, but the disc is
grooved on the outer face. A shelf 2 is attached to the frame. A rod 3
which slides in a groove in the frame carries an upright 4, in which are
screws 5 at different heights to run on different rings of the disc, only
one screw being in action at a time. As the disc revolves the screw is
moved back by the raised part of the disc, and forwards by a spring 6
which forces the screw into the groove, then as the levers 7 of the thread
guides 8 are fastened to the sliding rod 3 the opening and closing of the
guides is effected. To make a braid with this embroiderer, an upright 9

page_text: resting on the cloth presser foot carries a lever 10 swinging on a joint;
a cam 11 pressing on one end of this lever 10 keeps the other end
with the threads raised while two stitches are being made with the
embroiderer guides 8 opened, as in Figure 41. When the cam 11 has
made a half revolution the lever 10 falls by its own weight, and the
thread guides 8 are closed over the threads in the lever and two other
stitches are made, and thus the braid is formed. If a fabric be placed
under the braid at the time of its formation the braid will be stitched
embroiderer guides 8 opened, as in Figure 41. When the cam 11 has
made a half revolution the lever 10 falls by its own weight, and the
thread guides 8 are closed over the threads in the lever and two other
stitches are made, and thus the braid is formed. If a fabric be placed
under the braid at the time of its formation the braid will be stitched
to it.
I claim constructing embroidery attachments for sewing machines, as
described with reference to Figure 42, and the mode described of making
braid.
I construct another embroidery attachment for sewing machines as
represented in Figure 43. I attach a frame 1 to the cloth presser arm 2
as before. A screw 4 working through the top of this frame carries a
forked support 5 for a horizontal axle 6, one end of which axle carries
a ratchet wheel 8, and the other end a grooved disc 7. A horizontal
shaft 9 is supported by the frame and is surrounded by a volute
spring 10. A lever 11 is fastened at the upper end to this shaft, and is
forked at its lower end to actuate the thread guides 12, 12. As the
needle arm 13 descends a band 14 attached to the spring paul 15 which
works the ratchet wheel 8 causes this paul to move the wheel together
with the disc 7 a portion of a revolution; the disc thus throws forward
the horizontal shaft 9 and lever 11, and thereby closes the thread
guides 12, but when the grooved part of the disc 7 comes to the end
of the shaft 9 the volute spring 10 throws back the shaft 9 and lever 11,
and thereby opens the thread guides. The frame 1 is slotted so that the
screw 4 can raise or lower the disc 7 for the purpose of varying the
embroidery stitch.
I claim constructing embroidery attachments for sewing machines, as
described with reference to Figure 43.
I construct another embroidery attachment for sewing machines, as
represented in Figure 44. The embroidery frame 1 is secured to the
front of the cloth presser arm 2 by a bolt and nut 3, and carries a
horizontal axle 4 with a ratchet wheel 5 at one end actuated by a band
and paul 6 and with a cam 7 at the other end, the cam and ratchet
wheel thus revolving simultaneously. A horizontal shaft 8 passing

page_text: through the frame is embraced by a volute spring 9 and carries a
lever 10, the opposite end of which has two prongs 11, 11, to actuate
the thread guides 12. As the needle arm 13 descends, the band and
pawl cause the ratchet wheel 5 and cam 7 to make a part of a
revolution, and when the throw of the cam presses against the shaft 8 5
the lever 10 is moved forward and opens the thread guides, and when
the pressure of the cam is removed the end of the shaft 8 is carried back
by the volute spring 9 into the hollow of the cam 14, and the lever
closes the guides.
To vary the stitch the cam may be removed and another with different 10
throws be substituted; the nut 15 is removed for this purpose.
I claim constructing embroidery attachments for sewing machines as
described with reference to Figure 44.
I have now described my various improvements in sewing machines
and in attachments for the same, and have to remark in conclusion that 15
the treadle and other arrangements herein-before described for driving
the sewing machines may also be advantageously applied.
And I claim the right to apply them for driving or actuating other
machines, fret cutting, and hair brushing machines, for example.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Mabson, have hereunto set my 20
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.
JOHN MABSON. (LS)