matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR CRUSHERS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING MINERAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, FOR MIXING MORTAR AND CEMENT, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Meese Ward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1873.
I, WILLIAM MEESE WARD, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OR CRUSHERS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING MINERAL AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES, FOR MIXING MORTAR AND CEMENT, AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of the
said mills or crushers, substantially in the following manner :-
Instead of supporting the rotating pan in which the matter to be
ground, crushed, or mixed is contained by means of an upright central
shaft supported by a cross beam or head, I dispense with the said central
shaft and cross beam and support the said pan upon a series of four or
other number of antifriction rollers, working in bearings on the base
plate of the mill or crusher. The peripheries of the said rollers are by
preference bevilled to take into a V shaped circular groove or bed in the
under side of the pan. The whole weight of the pan and its contents as

page_text: well as the weight of the crushing or mixing rolls is borne by the said
antifriction rollers. In order however more effectually to give steadiness
to the motion of the said pan and to prevent any lateral pressure on the
antifriction rollers I fix a central bearing or pivot on the under side of
the pan, which central pivot turns in a bearing at the centre of the base 5
plate. The pan is driven in the ordinary way, that is, by a bevil pinion
gearing with a bevil toothed wheel on the under side of the pan. The
axis of the bevil pinion is driven by a strap or band. The crushing or
mixing rolls are loose as usual upon a horizontal axis, the ends of which
axis are engaged in slots in side standards.
In order to augment or diminish the crushing power of the rolls
springs may be employed in each of the standards to press upon the
ends of the shaft or axis of the said rolls, the tension of these springs
being increased or diminished by means of screws.
The use of the said springs permits the use of much lighter rolls than 1
those ordinarily employed, the crushing power of the ordinary rolls being
determined by the weight of the rolls themselves.
By my Invention the construction of the said mills or crushers is much
simplified, and the machine is much lighter than the ordinary machine
in consequence of the absence of the ordinary central shaft, cross beam, 2
and back standard, and also in consequence of the lightness of the rolls
the pressure of which is increased by springs.
.
My improved mill or crusher is also very convenient for transit as.it
can readily be taken to pieces and put together again by unskilled
workmen. When in use it works with great facility as the friction of
the moving parts is very much reduced by the use of the antifriction
rollers described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Graham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1873.
I, LAWRENCE GHAHAM, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention consists principally of a small grate (say about ten
inches long, six inches wide, and five inches deep), suspended from the
top bar and outside of the ordinary or existing grate. This grate is
intended for coal only.
Secondly. I leave the existing grate as it is with the exception of
reducing the depth thereof by placing a false bottom, say about five
inches from the top bar. This grate is intended to burn cinders only or
coke so as to have always a red fire.
Thirdly. Instead of allowing the smoke to go direct up the chimney,
I place a thin iron plate, say about twelve or fourteen inches from the
front of the existing grate, so as to enclose the chimney, and leave an

page_text: opening only at the bottom of say twelve inches wide by five inches
deep, through which the smoke after passing over the red cinder fire,
and becoming to a great extent consumed is conveyed up the chimney.
By the use of this Invention I get a more extended heating surface at
the top of the fire for cooking, and more heat is thrown into the room,
and a very great economy is effected in the quantity of coal consumed.
In order further to economize the coal I fill up with bricks and mortar
the present receptacle for fire under the oven, and I place on the top of
these a tile of fire-clay about one inch and a half thick (or an iron
plate), having a space of about two inches only between it and the oven
bottom as a flue for the heat from the cinder fire to pass through and
heat the oven without the necessity for any fuel underneath the bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Barraclough at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th April 1873.
I, JOHN EDWARD BARRACLOUGH, of Stanningley, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Ironfounder and Kitchen Range Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the class of kitchen ranges wherein the fire-
grates are made prominent, or not in the same line as the oven and
boiler, these ranges impart warmth to the kitchen with little expenditure
of fuel, but are not so effective for roasting, nor do they give the amount
of heat to the oven and boiler as is desireable, the object of this Invention
is to remedy the defects above stated, which I accomplish by constructing
the front or grate semicircular, thus securing a much larger surface of
fire for roasting, as the sides or ends of the fire-grate are not composed as
heretofore of plates, but of open bars containing the fuel. Near to the
entrance of the flues leading under the oven, and the boiler I place a
separate fire-grate or fire-box, and provide the necessary dampers therefor,
these additional fire-boxes or grates are small and consume very little

page_text: fuel, they are however I find most efficient, and secure the advantage
that the oven or boiler may be heated at any time independant of or
without requiring any fire in the front grate, an especial advantage
during hot weather or when the heating of the oven is required but for
temporary use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BELTS OR MEANS FOR SUSTAINING PERSONS IN THE WATER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Joseph Altman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1873.
I, LEWIS JOSEPH ALTMAN, of No. 8, Coleman Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BELTS OR MEANS FOR SUSTAINING PERSONS IN THE
WATER," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is the preservation of life from drowning
at sea or in other water.
In carrying out my improvments I form the belts or such like
supporting means with separate cells or compartments for air, each
having no communication with the rest of the series, so that in the event
of accidental or other tearing or piercing of the apparatus by which any
one or more of these cells or compartments should become injured so as
to be emptied of air the other cells or compartments of air may remain
intact and efficient for effecting the desired buoyancy to support the
person or persons to whom it is applied in the water.
These separate cells or compartments are obtained by folds or undu-
lations formed in one sheet of india-rubber or other air-proof fabric, being

page_text: united in lines by suitable cement or otherwise to another sheet of similar
suitable material; or the separate air cells or chambers may be otherwise
formed by well-known means, or they may be formed of metal con-
taining air, linked or otherwise connected together in series, and series of
these cells or compartments are connected to other similar series by
elastic webbing, india-rubber, or other suitable elastic material so as to
facilitate the ready and easy application or removal of such apparatus
in an emergency, without the necessity for tieing, buckling, or other
fastenings, which in time of urgent necessity are difficult and tedious in
application and adjustment.
I also form such belts with elastic bands or holders to receive and
retain flasks for spirit or other liquid easily accessible by the wearer of
the belt or sustaining means.
Such air cells may be applied in a similar manner to various parts of
the person.
I also form such belts or sustaining means when applied around the
body as described with an additional elastic belt or pocket, by which to
sustain a child at the breast of its mother when in the water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PRINTED MATTER AT THE SAME TIME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lewis Mills and
Thomas Stewart Monkhouse at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st May 1873.
We, JOSEPH LEWIS MILLS, of 23, Athelston Road, Finsbury Park,
and THOMAS STEWART MONKHOUSE, of 27, Regent Square, London,
W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PRINTED MATTER AT THE
SAME TIME," to be as follows:-
In printing we employ one or more revolving cylinders or rollers,
upon which we engrave or affix in types or stereotypes the matter to be
printed from. These we designate form cylinders or form rollers, and
in contact with each form cylinder, but at opposite sides of the
periphery of each we affix apparatus for properly inking the same, such
inking apparatus being so arranged as to leave two free spaces on each
form cylinder.
A properly devised pressure or friction roller is brought in contact at
each such free space for the purpose of obtaining impressions, and
through each such point of contact we pass the material we wish to

page_text: print upon, and thus we print upon two seperate sheets or continuous
lengths of material at the same time.
In describing the process of cutting up we will designate these two
seperate sheets or seperate continuous lengths of material "lines of
supply."
The apparatus for cutting up consists of revolving knives or discs of
metal, which coming in contact with the material in its onward progress
cut it in that direction; and also of a revolving chopper, which cuts the
material transversely to the direction of its onward progress; such a
combination of revolving knives or discs and chopper is in connexion 1
with each line of supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING, PRINTING, AND STAINING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newton Athow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1873.
I, NEWTON ATпow, of Plaskynaston, in the County of Denbigh, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING, PRINTING, AND STAINING," to be as
follows:-
-
My Invention consists principally in utilizing the waste or bye
product obtained in the purification of crude carbolic acid derived from
coal tar, for the purpose of producing colors suitable for dyeing, printing,
and staining. I take the waste or bye product which is known as
" terebene " "
or chreysilic acid," and which is left after all the
crystalizable portion of the carbolic acid has been eliminated in the
ordinary purifying process, and I purify this carbolic acid waste or
"terebene" by distillation, and then treat it in a boiler with oxalic and
sulphuric acids in the proportion of about two parts by weight of
terebene to about one part each of the acids. This mixture is heated
in the boiler to about two hundred and twenty degrees (Fahrenheit) and
kept at near that temperature for about a week.

page_text: The whole is then removed, well washed, and the water driven off
by the application of steam or other heat in a suitable pan or vessel
The product when cool becomes a black mass which when dissolved in
spirit yields a brown coloring matter suitable for dyeing, printing, or
staining. If the mass when in the boiler is treated by the addition of
caustic soda or other alkali, and the water again driven off by heat and
the whole removed from the pan and then allowed to cool, a coloring
matter is produced which is both liquefiable by heat and soluble in
water, and is. of a crimson lake color and suitable for the above-named
purposes.
AN IMPROVED HARROW
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Bodman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1878.
I, WILLIAM JOHN BODMAN, of Farley, in the County of Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
HARROW," to be as follows, that is to say:―
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved harrow in
which the teeth are placed much further apart than usual, at the same
time allowing of the required number of teeth being placed in any given
width of harrow, by my improved arrangement the clods are more
thoroughly broken than hitherto, and with less labour.
My improved harrow is constructed of two triangular frames of wood
or iron strengthened with suitable iron stay rods. These frames are
placed with their bases towards one another, and are connected by
suitable hinge joints, so that the two frames may be folded together
when the harrow is not in use, and thus take up less space, the apex
one of the triangular frames forms the front of the harrow, and is fitted
of

page_text: with an iron swan neck dragging piece with chain or quadrant swivel.
The teeth of the harrow are made of iron or steel and are arranged along
the sides and bases of each frame at such distances apart that when the
harrow has been drawn over the ground the teeth shall have acted upon
it at regular intervals.
IMPROVED EXPANSION GEAR OR CUT-OFF MOTION FOR STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER MOTORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1873.-A communication from abroad by Andre
Henrard and Léon Raymond, of Brussels, Belgium.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED EXPANSION GEAR OR CUT-OFF MOTION FOR
STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER MOTORS," a communication to me from abroad by
Andre Henrard and Léon Raymond, of Brussels, Belgium, to be as
follows:-
These improvements are applicable to all known distributors of steam.
and gases, but for example a horizontal steam engine may be taken
where the regulation of the steam is effected by any ordinary valves.
The improvements relate only to the supply valves, and therefore the
escape or egress valves are not described. The two supply valves are
opened alternately by means of cams worked from the main shaft of the
engine and the regulating mechanism of each valve has a lever clack or
tappet for keeping the valve open the required time, there being a spring

page_text: to close the valve when the action of the clack ceases, and the main
feature of this Invention consists in the mechanism for raising the clacks
or tappets and allowing the consequent closing of the valves.
On the main shaft of the engine is fixed a circular eccentric encircled
by a ring, the rod of which has a length of as many times the radius of
the eccentric as the length of the connecting rod agrees with the radius
of the crank, and the end of the eccentric rod is governed in its move-
ment by a suspending arm or stationary guide.
To the eccentric rod is jointed one end of a long rod having at its
other end two pivots, which act on the levers to which the clacks or
tappets are connected.
The clack levers are at a certain inclination in relation to the long rod,
so that when the rod is raised or lowered more or less, the parts in con-
nection with it are more or less acted upon and the valves closed sooner
or later, and this raising or lowering of the rod is effected by the ordinary
centrifugal governor or other regulator, it. being understood that the
arrangements may be varied to any extent according to the require-
ments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1878.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of Robert Street, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHY
AND OTHER PURPOSES, to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in certain arrangements
applicable to telegraphic and other purposes, whereby electrical currents
can be advantageously transmitted through conducting wires, which may
be entirely or imperfectly insulated or wholly uninsulated. For this
purpose any desired number of permanent magnets, or of pieces of iron
or steel (either alone or combined with other elements, and fluids placed
either in cells in the earth or made up as a condenser with a non-con-
ducting substance between the plates) or electro-magnets, are placed in
connection with the transmitting and receiving ends of the conducting
wire, and also, if desired and practicable, in connection with other parts
thereof.

page_text: An electric current obtained from any suitable galvanic battery or
batteries, or other source of electricity is sent through the circuit, the
passage of such current being equally effective, whether the conducting
wires are perfectly or imperfectly insulated or entirely uninsulated, and
whether they are submerged in water, laid underground, or suspended in 5
the air. When several conducting wires united into a cable are used,
they are separated from each other by means of any suitable substance
or material, and connected with the before-mentioned arrangements and
currents, sent through either or all of such wires.
Currents of electricity transmitted in accordance with this Invention 1
may be used either in connection with any of the well known arrange-
ments adapted for the purpose of obtaining telegraphic signals, or may
be employed for blasting in mining and other operations.
Another part of this Invention consists in using as a relay, register, or
translator an electro-magnet, the iron core of which passes only partially 1
through the coil, the other-part being left-hollow and a permanent
magnet properly adjusted to work freely therein. When a current
passes the magnet is drawn in or repelled.
A permanent magnet may be substituted for the iron core and iron for
the armature, or the core may be fixed and the coil made moveable, or 2
the coil may be constructed without any core, and the magnet adjusted
to work freely therein.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN RIM-AND DEAD-Locks
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Vaughan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1878.
I, HENRY VAUGHAN, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
RIM-AND DEAD-Locks," to be as follows:―
My Invention has for its object a reduction in the cost of making rim-
and dead-locks, and consists in making the cap or top plate in one piece
with the rim. This I do by bending the material forming the cap or
top plate so as to form the rim as well.
The rivets usually employed for retaining the rims in rim-and dead-
locks are thus entirely dispensed with, and the locks may be made much
cheaper and lighter,
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPANSION AND REVERSING GEAR FOR ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lowe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1878.
I, WILLIAM LOWE, of Plumstead, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EXPANSION AND REVERSING GEAR FOR ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct expansion and reversing
gear for engines, by means of which the expansion can be regulated as
required.
In carrying out my Invention I fit an adjustable block or slide in a
cap or disc upon the end of the crank shaft, and I attach to this block
or slide a crank pin upon one end of a rod, the opposite end of which rod
is connected to the engine valve. By moving the block or slide so as to
shift the crank pin further from or nearer to the centre of the cap or
disc I regulate the movement of the valve according to requirement.
For reversing the engine the adjustable block is shifted to a corre-
sponding position at the other side of the centre of the cap or disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILING KIERS EMPLOYED IN THE CLEANSING OR TREATMENT OF WOVEN FABRICS AND OTHER MATERIALS, APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF KIERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Heywood and John
Duckworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd July 1873.
We, GEORGE HEYWOOD, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, and
JOHN DUCKWORTH, of the same Place, Boiler Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILING KIERS
EMPLOYED IN THE CLEANSING OR TREATMENT OF WOVEN FABRICS AND OTHER
MATERIALS, APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF KIERS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates principally to the kiers which are employed in
the cleansing, scouring, or bouking of cotton, cloth, yarn, esparto, and
other goods, substances, or materials, but is also applicable in part to
kiers otherwise employed, as for example, to the vacuum kiers employed
in bleaching processes.
Our said Invention relates in the first place to means for promoting
the circulation of the water or scouring fluid through the goods or
materials contained in a boiling kier. For this purpose we employ a
steam jet acting on the injector principle to withdraw fluid from the

page_text: lower part of the kier, and to force it up a pipe which delivers it into the
space above the goods or materials. The jet of steam is by preference
delivered into a horizontal pipe situated below the kier, the outlet of the
steam nozzle being a little in advance of the outlet from the kier.
We have obtained a good action of the steam jet by making the outlet
of the steam nozzle of a bell-mouth form.
Our Invention relates in the second place to the man-holes of kiers.
We hinge the doors or lids which close the said man-holes, and we
secure the said doors with bolts which are mounted on hinge pins, so
that they can be turned out of the way so soon as the nuts on the said
bolts have been slackened. A ridge on the door enters a groove formed
on the keir or in a part fixed thereto, a ring of caoutchouc being placed
in the said groove. We prefer to make the said doors of wrought iron,
and to form the said ridge and the sides of the said groove with rings of
angle iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BLOOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonce Oscar Durruthy and
Henri Prosper Lissagaray at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th March 1878.
We, LEONCE OSCAR DURRUTHY and HENRI PROSPER LISSAGARAY,
both of No. 20, Rue des Petits Hotels, Paris, in tho Republic of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF BLOOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," to be as
follows, that is to say :—
Our Invention consists in precipitating from blood in the solid and
imputrescible state the solid matter which it holds in solution.
To carry out our Invention we treat blood with hydrochloric, nitrio,
sulphurio, sulphurous, or other mineral acids, either in the free or com-
bined state. The matter precipitated is collected, dried, and stored, and
can be used as manure.
Instead of employing mineral acids we can employ sulphites, especially
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COLOURING MATTERS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FROM CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS RESULTING FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rowley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1873.
I, JOHN ROWLEY, of Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COLOURING MATTERS AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES FROM CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS RESULTING FROM THE MANUFACTURE
OF GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of blue and other colouring
matters from certain waste materials resulting from the manufacture
of gas.
According to these improvements I well mix the waste or spent
materials obtained from ordinary gas purifiers with thin milk of lime in
the proportion of about one hundredweight of the waste material from
gas purifiers with sixty gallons or thereabouts of water, and two or more
pounds of lime, letting the mixture stand for insoluble matters to
subside, adding about two pounds of soda crystals for one hundredweight
of the above material.

page_text: Steam is passed through the separated clear liquor; to the latter is
added (in the production of a blue colouring matter) a solution of one
pound or thereabouts of iron dissolved in rather more than one pound of
nitric acid and five or six ounces of sulphuric acid, the whole then well
stirred, and afterwards about one pound of sulphuric acid added. The
mixture is then set aside for the colouring matter thus produced to fall
to the bottom of the vessel. The supernatant liquid being poured away
the colouring matter is collected on a filter, washed with water till the
water runs away clear, and the colouring matter drained and dried. In
this process I sometimes dispense with the use of steam, or I apply 1
heat in other ways.
I do not limit myself to the production of the blue colouring matter
just mentioned, but by the employment of acids and alkalies or other
metallic solutions I produce various tints or shades of blue or other
colours altogether.
I do not limit myself to the conversion of the cyanogen obtained
from materials employed in the manufacture of gas into colouring
matters, nor do I limit myself to the employment of lime or to the
solution of iron in the mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid.
Soda, potash, ammonia, baryta, or magnesia, simply or mixed, may be a
cmployed in place of lime, though I recommend the use of lime as the
cheapest of these analogous substances; and instead of the solution of
iron in nitric and sulphuric acids I employ any ferrous or ferric salt.
Further in accordance with my improvements I convert the blue
colouring matter obtained as previously described (which is of the a
nature of Prussian blue) into any other compound by processes already
known to chemists, or at any of the stages of the manufacture of the
said colouring matters, I stop the processes or slightly modify them in.
ways well known to chemists, and thus produce other cyanides, ferro-
cyanides, and other, analogous cyanoid compounds as well as the
varieties of Prussian blue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Redmayne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1873.
I, THOMAS REDMAYNE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE-GRATES,"
"to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to that form of fire-grate in which that part
which holds the fuel is made so that it can revolve, and that any part of
the fuel can thus be brought to the top as may be desired. They have
for their objects the more simple construction and arrangement of such
fire-grates and their arrangement so that the fuel may be burned
with greater economy, and fresh fuel may be supplied, and the position
of the moveable part of the fire-grate may be altered with greater
facility and may present a better appearance to the eye than has
heretofore been the case.
For the purpose of carrying my Invention into effect I make the two
sides of the fire-place to which my improvements are applied vertical
and parallel to one another at the place where the moveable part above

page_text: Sometimes I make the outer plate itself rest upon supports formed
upon or attached to the parallel sides of the fire-place in the same way
as those supporting the inner cylinder, but curved to a larger radius,
and the outer plate then forms a part of a cylinder which can also be
turned round to any desired position, so as to allow the ashes between

page_text: Openings may also be made in the side plates of the fire-place, so
that the flame and hot air and gases may pass from the upper parts of
the ends of the revolving grate into flues which may be used for heating
ovens or for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathaniel Clayton and Joseph Shuttleworth,
both of Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES."
Sealed the 25th July 1873, and dated the 28th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathaniel Clayton and
Joseph Shuttleworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th May 1873.
We, NATHANIEL CLAYTON and JOSEPH SHUTTLEWORTH, both of
Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES,”
to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to a mode of protecting the drums of thrashing
machines, and consists essentially in the adoption of a self-acting slide
which closes the mouth of the machine the moment the feeder or

page_text: attendant who supplys the machine leaves the dickey or feeding box,
which operation is effected in the following manner:-The floor of the
dickey or feeding box is hung or otherwise attached by springs and
levers to a slide situate over the drum. As soon as the feeder steps into
the box his weight causes the floor to descend, and thereby draws back
the slide, opening the mouth of the machine ready for work. Directly
the floor of the dickey or feeding box is relieved from the weight of the
feeder it ascends, pushes forward the slide, and closes the machine
mouth, thus rendering it impossible for any one accidently to fall into the
drum, as is now so frequently the case.
The springs for actuating the safety slide may be of any known form
or material found most suitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CRAPING' HAIR OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Pitcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1878.
I, WALTER PITCHER, of Number 15, Park Street, Camden Town, in
the Parish of Saint Pancras, and County of Middlesex, Ornamental
Hair Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CRAPING' HAIR OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
•
My Invention relates to the treatment of hair or other fibrous sub-
stances so as to produce what is known in the trade as "craped"
material, and especially refers to such craped material prepared by
winding, twisting, or folding a strand of hair or other fibre round or
along with continuous wires or cords called cores, either in the figure
of eight or other form. Heretofore, after the hair or fibre wound, twisted,
or folded as above mentioned, around or with continuous cores has been
subjected to the necessary process for "setting" it into the form im-
parted to it by such winding, twisting, or folding, the said cores havo
been removed from the hair or fibre by a very tedious and costly process
by hand, the cores being destroyed in the operation.

page_text: By my Invention the unwinding, untwisting, or unfolding of the hair
strand from the cores after the "setting" process is effected by machinery
instead of by hand, whereby the production of the craped material in a
form ready for market is effected much more expeditiously and economi-
cally than hitherto, and the cores are preserved and can be used again
and again.
I effect this object by reversing the direction of motion of the machine
by which the winding, twisting, or folding of the hair or fibre strand
upon or with the cores was effected (or I employ such a machine solely
for the purpose of this Invention), and I so arrange, adapt, and impart
motion to the hair or fibre strand bobbin of such machine that the said
hair or fibre strand is unwound, untwisted, or unfolded from the cores
and wound upon the said bobbin, the core bobbins also having motion
imparted to them so that as the said cores are liberated from the hair or
fibre strand they shall be wound upon the core bobbins ready for use
again.
The motions of the bobbin for receiving the hair or fibre and those for
receiving the cores are effected by appropriate mechanism such as
wheelwork presser rollers, ratchets, and star wheels. In order-to-cause.
the hair or fibre strand and cores to be wound on their respective bobbins
in proportion as the unwinding, untwisting, or unfolding progresses the
strand of hair or fibro and the cores may when necessary be distributed
evenly on the bobbins by means of traversing fingers or by causing the
rollers themselves to traverse. The strand thus removed from the cores
is easily drawn off from its bobbin and pulled to pieces by hand or by
other suitable instruments.
AN APPARATUS FOR VIEWING OR CON- TEMPLATING PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1873.-A communication from Charles Dauthendey,
residing at Würzburg (Germany).
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agency, at Frankfort-on-the-Main (Germany), do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR VIEWING OR CON-
TEMPLATING PHOTOGRAPHS," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an apparatus for the illumination and the
contemplation of pictures which are produced by means of photography,
printing, stamping, drawing, and painting. It effects an alteration in
the appearance of these pictures in such a manner that if placed in the
The
apparatus they appear to be made on transparent materials.
transformation in the appearance of the pictures is caused by the
application of reflected diffused light which is produced inside the
apparatus and is used to illuminate the picture. By these means of
illumination the structure and pores of the picture are on all sides so
lightened as to become perfectly invisible to the eye and consequently
the materials of the picture appear to be transparent.

page_text: د
First. To a new method of applying the reflected diffused light
produced by colored or uncolored surfaces which may consist of every
material that produces in mated state a reflecting effect of light.
Secondly. To the construction of the apparatus which produces the
above named illumination and is employed for the purpose of giving to
all the above named pictures a transparent appearance.
The apparatus consists of a pedestal supporting a round wooden
frame. The inner space of this frame is filled with a cardboard disc
which has in the centre a square aperture cut, through which the
picture is viewed. At the back of the cardboard disc four wooden
pillars are fastened which support a square frame behind; in this frame
and opposite to the cardboard disc the picture is placed and securely
fastened. The back of the cardboard disc is covered with rough paper
whose color is chosen according to the effect of the illumination. which
is aimed at. The rough colored paper and the surface of the picture are
placed opposite each other inside the apparatus.
f In using the apparatus it is placed in a window or before a clear light
so that the front side of the cardboard disc is turned to the spectator.
The picture is viewed through the aperture cut in the cardboard disc and
appears colored and transparently illuminated. This appearance is
produced by the light falling from the window, which by the colored
paper is reflected against the picture as diffused light.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BURNERS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison Doty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1873.
I, HENRY HARRISON DOTY, of Bury Street, Saint James's, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO BURNERS FOR RAILWAY AND
OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements applicable to burners for railway and
other lamps, relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent dated 24th April 1872, No. 1233 were granted to
me and Edward Thomas Gardner for improvements in roof lamps for
railway carriages.
The present Invention has for its object to give increased steadiness
to the light, and to effect a more perfect combination of the oil.
The burner as in the former instance is surrounded by or enclosed
within an elongated conical chamber, formed of a truncated pyramidical
shaped metal deflector, having an elongated slot at its upper end to allow

page_text: the flame or gases to escape. The upper edges of this deflector are
serrated so as to allow a portion of the air, and also a part of the
inflammable gas to pass into a combustion chamber formed by an
elongated conical cap piece, which surmounts and covers the serrated
part of the deflector.
This cap piece has a long slit (coinciding with the slit in the deflector),
formed in its upper part to allow the flame to pass through. If desired a
second combustion chamber may be formed above the one just described
by adding another cap or cover and fixing the same on the top of the
first. The upper edges of the lower caps must be serrated like the
deflector to allow the gas and air to reach the second chamber.
As a modification of the above instead of serrating the edges of the
deflector and lower cap a series of holes may be made in the sides of
these parts. When perforations are used in place of serrated edges care
should be taken to make them about level with the bottom of the flame
or top of the wick, otherwise the burner will not act properly, and it
would be impossible to burn hydrocarbon oils without a chimney, which
is one of the advantages of my Invention.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DECANTERING WINES OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Crawley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1878.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM CRAWLEY, of Ilkley, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR DECANTERING WINES OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to pour out port or other wines and
liquids without disturbing the crust or sediment, preserving the wine or
liquid perfectly clear to the last, and the. Invention is as hereafter
described.
At one end of suitable framework I provide a standard or standards,
on which is mounted a cross head in suitable bearings, to one end of
which a bar or platform is coupled. This bar or platform being provided
with suitable rests and holdfasts for the bottle. To the other end of the
bar or platform is coupled a sliding carrier fitted in the framework, to
which a vertical sliding motion may be imparted by the following
arrangement:-On the framework, and in suitable bearings is mounted a

page_text: screw, on the end of which is provided a hand wheel or its equivalent; on
one end of the screw is fitted, so as to work freely, a nut which is
arranged to give by its movement a radial motion to a bell-crank lever
on the framework; this bell-crank lever is attached to the aforesaid
vertical slide.
The bottle is placed on the bar or platform fixed in position, and the
cork withdrawn. By turning the hand wheel right or left the nut is
moved backwards or forwards as required, communicating motion thereby
through the bell-crank lever to the vertical slide, which being attached
to one end of the bar or platform alters the angle thereof.
By this arrangement the bottle may be upturned and emptied of its
contents without disturbing the sediment or crust.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR WINDOW AND OTHER Glass
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1878.-A communication from abroad by Edmond
Antoine Gaston d'Argy, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A
SUBSTITUTE FOR WINDOW AND OTHER Glass,” to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to the manufacture and application of a new
material as a substitute for window glass and for glass generally, where
transparent effects are desired to be obtained, and consists in the
preparation of parchment to render the same waterproof and translucid,
and in the employment of this material for the above purpose.
The following is the method of manufacture:-A suitable design is
first produced on the parchment, which design may either be painted
thereon or printed in one or more colors, by the aid of lithography,
chromo-lithography, photography, transferring or other means, or the
parchment may be uniformly tinted or stained in any color desired.

page_text: One or more coats of waterproof and translucid varnish or composition
is then applied which serves both to protect the design and to render
the parchment diaphanous. A new article of manufacture is in this
manner produced adapted to all the various uses of window glass or
stained glass.
One great advantage attending the use of this new material consists
in the facility with which the most delicate subjects may be produced
thereon, while it further possesses such an amount of elasticity as to be
capable of sustaining without damage blows which would entirely
destroy glass panes. It may also be subjected to a degree of tension
necessary to stretch it in window sashes or frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASPHALTES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1873.
I, ALFRED FORD, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASPHALTES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to remove the tendency which asphalte
paving possesses to become slippery by wear, and also to effect an
economy in the cost of the material employed in making roads and
ways impervious to moisture. Asphaltes, moreover, whether natural or
artificial, are more or less liable to abrasion, and this tendency also it is
proposed to mitigate or remove.
The present Invention consists in combining with asphaltes, either
natural or factitious, or a combination of both kinds, a vegetable refuse
fibrous substance, which will not only add bulk to the material, but will
also impart a toughness or tenacity to the same.
In treating a natural asphalte I heat the same to bring it to a soft
plastic state, and add thereto tar or any suitable crude hydrocarbon

page_text: oil to thin down the asphalte and bring it to a liquid state. I then stir
in "shudes "
or rice husks by preference, or it may be the husks of
other grain or seeds (say barley or oats).
The husks may be added in various proportions, but in general a good
tough fibrous compound will be obtained by mixing one hundredweight 5
of husks with three of the liquid asphalte.
The manufacture of the compound I complete by adding for every
hundredweight of asphalte, say one pound of sugar of lead or alum, or
equivalent detergent salt (bay salt for example). The object of this
addition is to remove the tendency of the asphalte to become slippery by 1
wear.
An Improved Rotary Engine
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Courtney Cramp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1873.
I, CHARLES COURTNEY CRAMP, of 87, Litchfield Road, Grove Road,
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for “An Improved Rotary Engine,” to be as
follows:-
My Invention of a rotary engine consists of a rotating cylinder having
formed on its edge a semi-annular groove. At the centre of this
cylinder is placed the driving shaft, the ends of which pass thro' discs,
one on each side of the cylinder, on which discs the bearings are formed.
The pistons are carried by the cylinder and are withdrawn at the ends
of the stroke for the purpose of exhausting and passing the fixed discs
at the extremities of cover, the necessary intermittent motion being
obtained by means of cambs on the fixed discs. At the ends of the
pistons gudgeons are formed, which carry friction rollers, which work in
the before-mentioned cambs. The cover of the cylinder is also of the
annular form. At the extremities of this cover are formed discs which
fit steam-tight into the groove of the rotating cylinder. The discs on

page_text: .
each side of the cylinder have cut or raised on their inner surfaces
continuous cambs of suitable curvature to receive the friction rollers.
The sole plates for the main bearings may be part of the side discs, the
bearings being conical. The brasses are taper, fitted with set screws.
By this method the cylinder would be allways central. The cylinder is
keyed to the driving shaft, and is supported by the bearings in the fixed
discs. The steam is admitted under the pistons at the extremity of the
cover. The piston is thus moved forward the length of its stroke, whilst
the action of the rollers in the cambs bring the next piston into into
position. The exhaust steam passes out at the other end of the cover.
Various methods may be employed for making the pistons steam tight.
The packing for the edge of the cover is a circular arc of steel, in
section a triangle, which is placed in a groove of similar form. The
packing is fitted with springs, and kept in position by set screws.
The valve gearing consists of a cylinder formed in the steam pipe in
such a manner that the cut off of the steam may be regulated. The
cylinder has cut through it at right angles to its axis a steam way.
This cylinder is made to revolve in a given ratio to the primary
cylinder.
Any other form of suitable valve gearing may be used.
The framing may be of any kind suitable for staying the machine.
The advantages of this Invention are numerous. The continuous
action of the steam on the piston slides obviate the use of fly wheels.
The piston chambers being annular circular springs may be used, thus
ensuring steam-tight joints. The steam being applied to the pistons at
the periphery of the cylinder the effects of expansion are more delicate.
The simple form of the engine makes it suitable and advantageous in
conjunction with non-condensing engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tom and Edward
Guilfoyle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th October 1873.
We, WILLIAM TOм and EDWARD GUILFOYLE, both of Galway, in the
County of Galway, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in inserting or placing two or more wicks in
candles instead of only one during the process of manufacture, two
wicks being inserted in candles of small size, and three (or even more,
if requisite) in candles of large size.
From candles so made a very superior light will be obtained to that
given by candles manufactured as hitherto, and a great economy will be
attained by their use.