AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thornley, of Clayton West, in the
County of York, Manager, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS."
Sealed the 24th February 1854, and dated the 10th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thornley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition,
on the 10th December 1853.
I, WILLIAM THORNLEY, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a double fabric, consisting
of two similar or different fabrics, which are during the process of
manufacture or weaving connected together so as to form one double
fabric.
As two distinct warps are employed in this improved manufacture
it will be evident that different materials may be used for forming the
two sides of the fabric, and also that plain or figured surfaces of
different patterns may be made on the two faces of the double fabric;
for instance, one face may present the appearance of a check or plaid,
[Price 8d.]

page_text: while the other face may be quite plain. The connection of the two
fabrics together is effected by means of a separate weft thread, which is
to be thrown or picked at intervals, a few warp threads from the upper
warp being drawn down for the binder weft to pass over, and a similar
number of the lower warp threads raised up for the binder weft to pass
under.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Thornley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
THORNLEY, of Clayton West, in the County of
the County of York, Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said William Thornley, Her special
license that I, the said William Thornley, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Thornley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Thornley, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Thornley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :-
The object of this Invention of "An Improved Manufacture of
Woven Fabrics" is to produce a double fabric, consisting of two similar
or different fabrics; which are during the process of manufacture or
weaving connected together, so as to form one double fabric, the opposite
sides of which may be of dissimilar pattern..
As two distinct warps are employed in this improved manufacture
it will be evident that different materials may be used for forming the
two sides of the fabric, and also that plain or figured surfaces of
different patterns may be made on the two faces of the double fabric;
for instance, one face may present the appearance of a check or plaid,
while the other face may be quite plain.

page_text: D
This double fabric can be woven in an ordinary treadle loom with
eight healds or headles and six treadles, or if a figured surface be
required on one side a jacquard apparatus may be, adapted to the. loom.
The arrangement and mode of working the healds or headles to produce
a common cloth on both sides of the fabric will be best understood by
practical weavers by referring to the diagram in the accompanying
Drawing, which represents the "tie" for producing the improved
double fabric. The red lines represent the back warp, which may be
made of one material, while the face warp, represented in the Diagram.
by the black lines; may consist of another material. 1, 1, and 2, 2,
represent the treadles which work the face warp, indicated by the black
lines, and 3, 3, and 4, 4, represent the treadles for working the back
warp, indicated by the red-lines.
The two fabrics are thus produced distinct and separate from each
other; it however becomes necessary to connect them together in order
to produce the double, fabric.
•
This connection of the two fabrics together is effected by means of a
separate weft thread which is to be thrown or picked at intervals, a
few warp threads from the upper warp being drawn down for the
binder weft to pass over, and a similar number of the lower warp
threads raised up for the binder weft to pass under. For the purpose
of effecting this junction of the two fabrics a few warp threads belong.
ing to the back warp are passed through a separate heald or headle,
and worked by a separato treadle, indicated in the Diagram by 1°, and
a similar or suitable number of threads from the face warp are passel
through another heald or headle, and worked by another treadle, indi-
cated by 5°. It will be seen on referring to the Diagram that the
treadle 1 will occasionally raise some of the threads of the back warp
to the face warp, and that the treadle 5 will, on the other hand, carry
down some of the threads of the face warp to the back, thereby
admitting of the binder weft thread above mentioned being thrown
over one and under the other, thereby connecting the two fabrics
together loosely, without interfering materially with their separate
formation.
:
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the

page_text: same into effect, I would observe that although I have shewn and
described the manner of making a double plain fabric, yet I do not
inean or intend to confine myself thereto, as I sometimes propose to
make one of the sides of any variety of pattern or cloth that may be
desired, such as figured twilled tweed, crape, or other varieties of fabric
either by the employment of jacquard apparatus or other suitable con-
trivances for producing figured surfaces. I do not, however, consider
it necessary to give any detailed description of the mode of pro-
ducing these patterns or fabrics, as the "tic" and mechanical arrange-
ments for effecting these purposes will not differ from that usually
employed for making single fabrics of a similar description, the only
difference being that a portion of the warp must be passed through a
separate heald and worked by a separate treadle, so that it may be
raised or lowered when required for the purpose of allowing the binder
weft to be thrown in, as above explained. In conclusion, I claim as
my Invention producing a double faced fabric, consisting of two similar
or different fubrics, which are during the process of manufacture or
weaving connected together so as to form one double fabric.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thoruley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Ninth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four,
Witness,
TITUS SCHOLEFIELD,
of Clayton West.
WILLIAM THORNLEY. (L.S.)