Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines or Motors.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1898-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines
or Motors.
I, CHARLES EDOUARD HENRIOD, of Neuilly sur Seine, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The internal combustion engine or motor in which oil, petroleum or essence
of petroleum or gas is employed, forming the subject of this invention, is chiefly
characterised by the construction of its valve gear whereby the formation of
explosive mixture, regulation of its intensity and its regulated admission to
the motor-cylinders, whatever be their number, are simultaneously effected.
In the accompanying drawing a motor constructed according to this invention
is illustrated.
Fig. 1 showing by way of example, a motor with two cylinders arranged
opposite each other, in sectional elevation.
Fig. 2 is a modified construction of the admission device of Fig. 1.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are respectively a longitudinal elevation, plan and side cleva-
tion of a four-stroke motor comprising the admission device combined with a
regulating mechanism required in this case for regulating the working, and
shown in detail in Fig. 6.
Whatever be the type of the motor, a single admission device serves for both
cylinders, and it is obvious that said single admission device could be applied
to a motor with one or more cylinders, its dimensions being correspondingly
modified.
On examining the motor illustrated in Fig. 1, it will be seen that the
cylinders B are secured to a casing C in which rotates the crank D and on
which is mounted the admission device A. E are the two driving pistons which
draw in at the sides F the mixture admitted into the casing C and allow it to
pass into the explosion chamber G through valves H with which said pistons
are provided and which complete the whole admission device of the motor co-
operating with the main part A already referred to.
The
The admission device A mounted on the casing C, for supplying the explo-
sive mixture to the latter, chiefly comprises: a chest or valve box I containing
a valve I through which the mixture passes into the casing C, and a valve 12
through which the petroleum, essence of petroleum. oil or gas is introduced.
A spring J controlled by a nut J holds the valve I¹ applied to its seat.
same function for the valve 12 is fulfilled by a spring K¹ pressing against a
nut K. A tube L mounted loosely on a socket Li forming the upper end of
the chest I, is combined with a nut L2 by means of which the height of the
upper edge of said tube L relatively to the nut K of the valve 12 can be regu-
lated, said adjustment being effected either once for all or when required,
either manually or automatically, and in the latter case it is effected by any
suitable regulating mechanism acting on the nut L2. The chest I comprises

page_text: an air-inlet M provided with a regulating ring or device M¹ and a chamber [²
for the admission of petroleum, essence, oil or gas, said chamber being closed
by the valve I, the cone of which is extended beyond its seat at N so as to
cooperate with the narrowed portion N¹ in the interior of the corresponding
portion of the chest I.
The conical extension N of the valve 12, the surface of which corresponds
to the narrowed portion N¹, is provided with grooves and small holes and effects,
in cooperation with the corresponding surface of the narrow portion N¹, the
division and thorough mixture of the petroleum, essence of petroleum, oil or
gas from the chamber M², passing through grooves or flutes with which the
lower end of said chamber is provided, and of the air entering through the
inlet M. This mingling is completed by a sieve or netting O¹ interposed in
the chest I between the valves I and I, and the intensity or richness of said
mixture can be regulated before its passage through the valve I, by means of
another, also adjustable, air inlet 2 in the chest I above said valve I' and
corresponding to the chamber of the chest.
The working of the admission device according to this invention is as
follows:-
Assuming the motor to be working, the mixture is drawn in by the front
surfaces of the pistons moving in the directions indicated by the arrows X,
until the pistons arrive at the ends of the cylinders. The pistons E are then
driven inwards towards the casing C by the explosion of the mixture which,
by a previous operation, had been introduced into the cylinders.
bustion gases begin to escape as soon as the pistons have uncovered the corre-
sponding exhaust ports P.
The com-
During this movement of the pistons, the mixture drawn in by them is
compressed into the chamber C, the result of which is that when the pressure
in the explosion chambers G has, owing to the exhaust ports being opened
become smaller than that of the compressed mixture in the chamber C, said
mixture forces back, owing to this difference of pressure, the valves H with
which the pistons are provided as already stated, and passes through them to
the other side of the pistons, where it is ready for compression and ignition as
before, on the return stroke of the motor.
In this way a driving explosion takes place at each revolution and in each
of the cylinders B.
The formation and the distribution of the mixture are effected as follows:-
At the moment when the valve I' acts, its nut J strikes the nut K of the
valve I for the admission of the combustible fluid, which allows a sufficient
quantity to pass through the grooves or flutes O, said fluid passing along the
extension N of the valve I2, between said extension and the narrow passage N',
where it is divided and thoroughly mingled with the air entering through the
adjustable air-inlet M. This mixture passing through the sieves or reticulate
material 0 arrives in the chamber above the valve I where its richness is
regulated by means of the air inlet 02, before admitting it into the chamber C
common to the cylinders B.
In these conditions, the admission of the combustible fluid is regulated
according to the power to be developed, either automatically or non-automati-
cally, by means of the nut L2 by means of which the tube L can be adjusted
as to its height relatively to the nut K with which the nut J of the valve I'
comes in contact in order, as already stated, to cause the valve 12 to act.
The valve gear described and illustrated in Fig. 1 may be modified as shown
in Fig. 2 without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In this construction the spindle of the valve I¹ does not pass through that
of the valve I³, to which it is connected by a helical spring 13 sufficiently
strong to ensure the combined working of said valves I¹ and I as already
explained.
It will, be understood, on examining this arrangement that when the valve I'

page_text: descends under the influence of suction, it carries with it the valve 12 by means
of the spring I³ connecting these two valves which whilst remaining connected
in this manner, can at the same time work independently of one another, the
working or play of the valve 1¹ being a constant one, while that of the valve I²
can be regulated within desired limits by means of a set screw I passing
through its outer head I acted upon by a spring I.
Similarly to the construction in Fig. 1, the device illustrated in Fig. 2 com-
prises adjustable air-inlets M M and inner passages or reduced portions N N₁
cooperating with the valves I¹ I2 for the purpose of regulating the richness of
the explosive mixture and of thoroughly mingling it before supplying it to
the motor.
When the motor is a four-stroke motor and is provided with the device
according to this invention, I use for the purpose of ensuring the efficient regu-
lation of the working of the motor, in combination with said admission device
a regulating mechanism shown as a whole and in details in Figs. 3 to 6, and
fully described hereinafter.
In the case of a four stroke motor, the admission of the explosive mixture
into the motor cylinders takes place at the ends of said cylinders through their
respective boxes a comprising: an inlet b for the mixture, which can be
regulated by means of a valve which is, however, not indispensable, and an
exhaust c controlled by a valve c which is acted upon by the governor or regu-
lating mechanism as will be hereinafter explained and thus ensures the regular
working of the motor.
The explosive mixture, formed as before, is distributed by means of a distri-
buting device, Figs. 1 or 2 already described, to the boxes a respectively
connected to it by conduits or tubes d d¹.
To the driving shaft 1) is secured, outside the casing, a ball governor e, the
symmetrical arms f of which are connected to a collar g mounted on the shaft
so as to participate in its rotation and at the same time to be capable of longi-
tudinal movement on it by the action of governor, within given limits.
The collar g
is provided laterally with a concentric circular groove with
which engages the edge of a disc secured to a spindle j arranged under the
driving shaft D and parallel to it, in the same vertical plane. This disc i is
secured to a sleeve to which is connected another concentric disc / with a
lateral projection m acting as a cam and cooperating, as well as the disc, with
the spindles controlling the exhaust valves c, acting on these valves in
order to enable the working of the motor to be regulated.
The spindle carries also a toothed wheel o engaging with another wheel o¹
keyed to the driving shaft D. These two wheels o and o¹ are in proportion of
one to two, the wheel o on the spindle being twice the diameter of that of
the wheel o¹ on the shaft D.
The whole device comprising the disc i, disc
and projection m, is mounted
on the spindle j in such manner that it is capable of longitudinal movement
on said spindle, while at the same time participating in its rotation. This
longitudinal movement is caused by the grooved disc g (which engages the
disc ), when it with its connected parts, is moved outwards or inwards on its
spindle, by the governor e as already explained.
The result of this arrangement is that when the working of the motor is
uniform and the governor c has its arms in such position that the parts con-
trolled by it are in a position corresponding to the projection or cam m being
substantially in line with and actuating the ends of the rods n n¹ of the exhaust
valves c¹, these valves will work alternately in a uniform manner, each of them
becoming alternately operative at each revolution of the driving shaft D, and
thus enabling the distribution in each cylinder to take place in a uniform
manner.
The roller of one of the rods say, of the rod n is not arranged in line with
the roller of the other rod, in other words: while the inner surface of the

page_text: roller of the rod n¹ is close to the outer surface of the concentric disc l, the
roller n of the other rod n is at a little distance from the face of the said
disc. (Fig. 6).
Therefore, when the sleeve k, actuated by the governor is moved outwards
owing to the excessive speed of the motor the roller n³ will be lifted by the
cam to the level of the rim of the disc l; and as the disc still continues to
move outwards through the small space dividing it from roller n², the roller n³
will run upon the disc which thus keeps the valve open.
After having passed through half a revolution the cam m lifts the roller n2
to the level of the rim of the disc 1, and if the governor, still tends to displace
the sleeve in the same direction, the roller n² will pass on to the latter, and,
in its turn, keeps open the valve it actuates.
It will be understood that in these conditions the suction in the motor will
take place not through the admission inlet but only through the exhaust. Thus
the explosive mixture being no longer introduced into the cylinder, no explo-
sion will take place and consequently the speed of the engine will be reduced.
As the motor resumes its normal speed, corresponding to the power developed,
the governor will act in the inverse direction and will return to its original
position when the distribution will again take place in a regular manner, and
so on for all the variations of speed and development of power through which
the motor may pass in working.
It will be seen that the regulating device described works without the help
of levers, and acts directly on the rods n n of the exhaust valves c¹, which are
automatically returned into their closing position by springs r r.
In case where a series of motors with the described distributing device is to
arranged so as to act on the same driving shaft, a single governor may be
arranged so as to regulate the working of all the motors arranged in this way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. An internal combustion engine or motor with one or more cylinders, com-
prising a valve chest mounted on a casing, as C, enclosing the crank shaft,
and provided with valves, as I' I², by means of which the admission, mixing
and richness of the explosive mixture is regulated either automatically or by
hand said valves co-operating with a valve or valves in the driving piston or
pistons through which the explosive mixture passes into the explosion chamber
or chambers, owing to the difference of pressure in said chamber or chambers
and in the casing of the cylinder or cylinders, substantially as described.
2. A modified construction of the distributing device consisting in a case of
a four stroke motor in the combination of the distributing box A, with valve
boxes as a connected to it and respectively corresponding to each cylinder,
the drawing in of the explosive mixture and the exhaust of the combustion
gases taking place through said boxes, the exhaust valve in each box being
operated directly, by a disc, having a lateral cam as 'm, longitudinally movable
on a spindle but participating in its rotation, said disc and cam acting directly
on the rods of the exhaust valves, according to the action of a governor, as c,
effecting their lateral movement on their spindle by means of a disc as i,
engaging with a concentric groove of a collar, loose on the driving shaft, with
which groove the arms of the governor engage in order to cause the longitu-
dinal movement of said collar on the driving shaft, and thereby the operation
of the exhaust, substantially as described.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
device for admitting mixing and regulating the richness of the explosive
mixture in internal combustion engines, substantially as described or illus-
trated in Figure 1 or in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete

page_text: device for operating the exhaust valves of internal combustion engines. sub-
stantially as described or illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. The complete internal combustion engine substantially as described or
illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Dal 100+1. dow of Ontation 1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.