IMPROVE- MENTS IN METALLIC PENS, AND IN PENHOLDERS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Wiley, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN METALLIC PENS, AND IN PENHOLDERS."
Sealed the 25th March 1873, and dated the 27th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Wiley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th September 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of
5 Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS, AND IN PENHOLDERS," to be as
follows:-
Metallic pens of the ordinary kind are made by cutting flat blanks
from sheet metal, the blank being pierced and bent into a nearly' semi-
tubular form and slit. The points or nibs of the pen are in the same
or nearly the same plane as that in which they were originally cut from
the sheet metal.
In making metallic pens according to my Invention I cut out, slit,
pierce, and bend the blank, but instead of leaving the points or nibs of

page_text: the pen in the same or nearly the same plane I bend each nib to a right
angle with the plane in which it was situated when cut from the sheet
metal. In this way those portions of the nibs which in ordinary pens
are situated on the under side of the pen and in the same or nearly the
same plane are brought into parallel planes and in their normal position |
arc in contact with one another. In writing these parts separate or
open out in making the down strokes as in ordinary pens. The breadth
of the point of the pen is determined by the thickness of the metal of
which the pen is made.
When I make pens from steel according to my Invention the usual
hardening and tempering processes are dispensed with.
My improvements in penholders consist in constructing and arrang-
ing the parts of penholders in the following manner :-I make the stick
of the holder with a shoulder at its lower end, on which shoulder the
upper part of the barrel or tubular metallic part of the holder fits, and 1
on which it is fixed. The extreme lower end of the stick is slit or
divided so as to give it elasticity, and this part is made of somewhat
smaller diameter than the part on which the barrel fits. When a slip
pen is introduced into the holder it passes between the barrel and the
slit end of the stick and is held firmly between them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Wiley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Wiley, Her special
license that I, the said William Edward Wiley, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Wiley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time

page_text: agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS, AND IN PENHOLDERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Wiley, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Wiley, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
Metallic pens of the ordinary kind are made by cutting flat blanks
from sheet metal, the blank being pierced and bent into a nearly semi-
tubular form and slit. The points or nibs of the pen are in the same
or nearly the same plane as that in which they were originally cut from
the sheet metal.
In making metallic pens according to my Invention I cut out, slit,
pierce, and bend the blank, but instead of leaving the points or nibs of
the pen in the same or nearly the same plane I bend each nib to a right
angle with the plane in which it was situated when cut from the sheet
metal. In this way those portions of the nibs which in ordinary pens
are situated on the under side of the pen and in the same or nearly the
same plane are brought into parallel planes, and in their normal position
are in contract with one another. In writing these parts separate or
open out in making the down strokes as in ordinary pens. The breadth
of the point of the pen is determined by the thickness of the metal of
which the pen is made.
When I make pens from steel according to my Invention the usual
hardening and tempering processes are dispensed with.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in front elevation,
Figure 2 in back elevation, and Figure 3 in side clevation a metallic pen
drawn to a large scale constructed according to my
İnvention.

page_text: In the said Figures 1, 2, and 3, the extreme points of the nibs a, a,
which are bent at right angles to the plane of the other parts are
marked b, b, the said points b, b, being situated in parallel planes. In
making the up strokes the inner sides of the bent parallel points b, b, are
in contract, but in making the down strokes the said points b, b, open out t
like the points of an ordinary pen.
In order to prevent the nibs of the pen from bending downwards and
catching in the paper so as to spirt about the ink, I make the body and
nibs of the pen flat or nearly flat, and I make along the middle of the
body of the pen a longitudinal hollow rib in which a series of fine cross 1
cuts is made.
A pen made as last described is represented in front clevation in
Figure 4, back elevation in Figure 5, and side elevation in Figure 6,
where the hollow rib, the convex side being turned inwards, is marked c,
the said rib being pierced with fine cuts of the shape represented in the 1
Drawing.
A pen provided with the bent points b, b, in combination with the
rib c having cross cuts readily yields in making the down strokes, the
back of the pen becoming concave longitudinally, but is incapable of
yielding in the opposite direction, so that in writing it cannot take the 2
figure necessary to produce the spirting of the ink.
I use in combination with my improved pen a tongue or ink holder
for enabling the pen to hold and regulate the flow of the ink. The said
tongue or ink holder may either be applied to the inner or outer side of
either of the pens herein-before described.
2
Figure 7 represents in back elevation, Figure 8 in side elevation, and
Figure 9 in section, a pen of the kind represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3,
furnished on its inner side with a tongue or ink holder marked d, the
point or narrow end of the tongue resting upon the bent parts b, b, of
the nibs a, a. Figure 10 represents the tongue or ink holder detached. 3
The said ink holder is fixed to the pen by ears e, e, which are passed
through piercings in the sides of the pen and clinched.
Figure 11 represents in front elevation, Figure 12 in side elevation,
and Figure 13 in section, a pen of the kind represented in Figures 4, 5,
and 6, provided with a tongue or ink holder marked ƒ fixed to the outer 3
side of the pen. Figure 14 represents the tongue or ink holder detached.

page_text: This tongue or ink holder is connected to the pen by one or more ears
passed through piercings in the pin and clinched.
-"
Pens made according to my Invention wear a long time, and the
points in wearing do not change their width.
My improvements in penholders consist in constructing and arrang-
ing the parts of penholders in the following manner:-I make the
stick of the holder with a shoulder at its lower end, on which shoulder
the upper part of the barrel or tubular metallic part of the holder fits,
and on which it is fixed. The extreme lower end of the stick is slit or
› divided so as to give it elasticity, and this part is made somewhat smaller
in diameter than the part on which the barrel fits. When a slip pen is
introduced into the holder it passes between the barrel and the slit end
of the stick and is held firmly between them.
Figure 15 represents in longitudinal section drawn to a large scale a
5 part of a penholder made according to my Invention, and Figure 16
represents the same with a slip pen held therein; Figure 17 represents
the slit or divided end of the stick, and Figure 18 the barrel or tubular
metallic part of the holder. g is the slit or divided end of the stick h,
the said slit end being taper or of less diameter than the other part h.
The barrel or tubular part i fits upon the shoulder h³ on the stick h.
The slip pen & is introduced between the barrel and the slit end g of
the stick as represented in Figure 16. The slit end of the stick is
thereby compressed and by its elasticity the pen is held firmly between
it and the barrel i.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention.
But I claim as my Invention,—
Firstly. The improvements in metallic pens herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making
the said pens from soft or unhardened sheet metal and bending the
points at right angles to the plane in which they are situated; when cut
from the sheet metal the said bent points being brought parallel to one
another and wood wither onible

page_text: for the purpose described, and either with or without an internal or
external tongue or ink holder, substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvement in penholders' herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, slitting or
dividing the extreme lower end of the stick of the penholder so as to
give it elasticity, and combining with the said slit or divided end a
barrel or tubular metallic part, between which barrel and the slit or
divided end of the stick the slip pen is firmly held as described and
illustrated.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Wiley, have 1
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-first day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW:
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY. (L.S.)