IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR RETORTS AND CONNECTED APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE DISTILLATION AND DECOMPOSITION OF COAL, SHALE AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1886

page_text: I HARTLEY KENYON of number 70 Barrett Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR RETORTS AND CONNECTED APPARATUS
FOR USE IN THE DISTILLATION AND DECOMPOSITION OF COAL, SHALE AND OTHER
MATTERS and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings:-
"
My Invention relates to the construction of ovens or retorts and apparatus for
use in the distillation of coal or of shales and for the treatment of the same in
company with other matters in order to obtain illuminating and heating gases and
useful products such as coke, ammonia, benzol and alkaline cyanides.
My Invention can be best described with reference to the drawings which I have
attached to this specification. The drawing on Sheet 1 represents a vertical
longitudinal section of four ovens Fig. 2 on Sheet 2 representa a vertical section
on the line F in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of one of the
ovens all the figures being made to a scale of about half an inch to the foot. 'The
said ovens may be a complete set or form part of a more extensive range of ovens.
The sections of the ovens are taken on three different lines the section of the
oven A being taken on the line A the sections of the ovens B. C. on the line B. C.
and that of the oven D. on the line D. all in Fig. 2. The ovens are built over
a two storied range of chambers. At the bottom of the erection are chambers E E
which I intend to be used as producers of gas for heating the ovens. These are
separated from each other by fire-brick walls and by chambers g. g. in which gas is
burnt and other chambers h. h. which are to be used in the heating of air for
admixture with the gas as it is being burnt. Above each of the chambers E are
two chambers i. and k. In the chambers i. i. are arranged metal pipes through
which steam is caused to circulate in order that it may become superheated. In
the chambers k. k. gas is burnt in company with hot air. Between each pair of the
ســ ـ ر

page_text: superheated chambers i. is a space l. into which the burning gases from the
chamber g. ascend. Above the chambers h are chambers m. m. which receive heat
Above the
from the chamber k. and are used to still further superheat steam.
chambers i. k. are arched flues n. which extend below the ovens and are designed
to heat the floors of the same, Each of these flues communicates at one end by
means of a passage o. with one of the chambers k. and at the other end by means
of a passage p with a horizontal flue q. which is formed in the wall which separates
two ovens. There are two corresponding flues side by side and above each are two
others r. and 8. which open one into the other in such a manner as that ascending
gases are caused to traverse the flues in a circuitous course as indicated in Fig. 2.
Each of the ovens is provided with charging openings fitted with doors or
plugs t. t. and with openings provided with doors for the withdrawal of coke.
The ovens are arranged to be worked in pairs and the ovens in each pair say for
example A. and B. are connected together at one end by means of pipes u. which
dip into a water box v. When the water is discharged from this box the gases are
free to pass from one oven to the other but when water is run in the communi-
cation is stopped. Each oven in the range also connected by means of a pipe w.
with a double box . which is formed with two compartments divided by means of
a gas-tight partition or if preferred two separate boxes may be used. The pipe w.
terminates in a breeches pipe having two branches which dip into the two water
chambers in a Each of the said chambers communicates with one or the other of
the two mains y. and z. The apparatus has been specially designed for use in
the manufacture of gas and products in accordance with an invention for which
I have made application for Letters Patent such application bearing even date
herewith but the apparatus may be otherwise used for similar purposes. Coke
resulting from the operations is introduced through charging doorways on to the
grates e. e. in the gas producing chambers F. Below these grates superheated
steam is discharged. The steam is by preference generated from weak ammoniacal
liquors coming from the last retort in a series which would be used in the recovery
of ammonia from ammoniacal liquors resulting from the process. The steam is
passed through the pipes in i. and passes thence to a pipe e¹ below the grate
I prefer also to admit a small jet of superheated steam through a pipe e' above the
coke. The gas produced is passed to a washer and returned to be burnt in the
chambers g. and k. in company with a sufficient supply of heated air to maintain
combustion. The gases are introduced at one end of g. and the flames and heated
products pass to the other end and rise through an opening g' into l. which they
traverse and pass out at the other end into the flues n. The flames and heated
products pass from end to end of k. k. and ascend through o. o. into the same flues n.
After traversing the flues n. the heated products and gases pass into one end of q.
and after traversing this flue and the flues r. and 8. pass downward through an
end flue s¹ to the chambers h. The two flues leading from the two contiguous
flues 8. in each wall unite at the bottom and the passages into the chambers h. are
provided with dampers so that the flames or products from the pair of flues can be
directed into either one or the other of the two contiguous chambers h. Whilst one
chamber is being heated by the passage therethrough of the products from 8¹ the
other chamber is being used to heat air which is conveyed through passages
provided with dampers or valves into the chambers wherein gas is burnt. The
ovens become highly heated by the burning gases circulating in the manner
described. The ovens in each pair are intended to be charged alternately the
steam coming off at first is discharged into one of the mains y. or z. kept for the
purpose. Each oven is provided with a pipe a¹ at the end furthest from the pipe u
and when the coke in the first charged oven say A. is sufficiently incandescent
paraffin is injected through the pipe a¹ into the oven B. last charged. At the
same time steam from the superheated pipes is admitted into the superheating
chambers m m on each side of the oven A. The steam becoming highly superheated
rises through passages m¹ into the coke in the oven.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The apparatus or ovens and connected parts constructed, fitted and provided
substantially as and adapted to be used for the purposes set forth and indicated
herein before and by the accompanying drawings.