matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GROYNES AND BREASTWORKS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Willett, of Arnold House, of Brighton, in
the County of Sussex, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GROYNES AND BREASTWORKS."
Sealed the 15th February 1870, and dated the 17th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Willett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1869.
I, HENRY. WILLETT, of Arnold House, of Brighton, in the County
of Sussex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GROYNES AND BREASTWORKS," to
be as follows:-
Hitherto groynes and breastworks have been constructed in one
continuous line, or in a slightly curved line, or in lines forming a
very obtuse angle.

page_text: My Invention consists in the construction of groynes and breastworks
in a series of frequently repeated diagonals, the angles formed by which
are designedly frequent and vary according to the nature of the shore
or banks which the groynes or breastworks are constructed to protect
and according to the material employed in the construction.
The object of my Invention is to direct the water to dispose ats natural
'bed equally on both sides of the groyne instead of largely accumulating
it on one side only, as is the case with groynes hitherto constructed.
A NEW. OR IMPROVED REVERSIBLE FABRIC, AND IN THE MEANS OF PRODUCING SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Hall at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th.
December 1869.
'I, ABRAHAM HALL, of Quarmby, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Sealskin Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "A NEW. OR IMPROVED REVERSIBLE FABRIC, AND IN THE MEANS OF
PRODUCING SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in, combining in the process. of weaving a
tartan fabric in either the hop sack, twill, or plain weave with Astrachan,
fabric so that it is,reversible in the wearing or using of it. The process:
is similar to the usual one of weaving the ordinary double fabrics, that
is, by forming two distinct, sheds and at intervals forming an inter-.
mediate shed by a portion of the warp threads of each fabric, so that
the linking together by either weft or warp unites the two fabrics and
is within and does not appear on either surface of the combined fabric.
These fabrics may be of woollen, worsted, or other yarn, and of any
desirable colours. to suit taste..
A NEW ON IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO TURBINES AND HYDRAULIC WHEELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Hector Douché at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th October 1869.
I, ALEXANDRE HECTOR DOUCHÉ, of No. 37, Boulevard Bonne
Nouvelle, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW ON IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING
THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO TURBINES AND HYDRAULIC WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
The turbine is furnished with an arrangement of valves turning in the
centre on their boxes or frames. The effect of these valves is to distribute
the water to the turbines according to requirement. A regulator or
governor driven by the shaft of the turbine causes the valves to move
on their frames.
This Invention is applicable to every kind of turbine, turbines with
cast-iron circular chamber, turbines with rectangular wooden chamber,
turbines with full periphery and fixed ring furnished with distributing
paddles, or turbines with distributing paddles on two segments, as
represented on the annexed Sheet of Drawing. This system is also
applicable to hydraulic wheels.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figs. 1 and 2 show a turbine with my apparatus applied; Fig. 3, plan
of a valve and its frame; Fig. 4, plan of valve detached from frame;
Fig. 5, section at o, p, Fig. 4; Fig. 6, longitudinal section of a valve
and its frame; Fig. 7, section at q, r, Fig. 5; and Fig. 8, section at 8, t,
Fig. 6.
A indicates valve frames; B, regulating valves; C, valve levers;
D, actuating rods connecting the levers C and E; H, axle actuating
levers E; I, lever actuating axle H; K, rod transmitting motion from
beam L to lever I; L, beam of the regulator or governor; N, support
of beam; M, regulator or centrifugal force governor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL BOXES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jaquillard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1869. Partly a communication from abroad by Abram Jaquillard,
of Geneva.
I, JEAN JAQUILLARD, of Geneva, and of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in musical boxes, by means of
which the instrument may be set at will to play any one of its airs
desired, instead of in the order only in which they are arranged on the
barrel as hitherto.
To effect this I change the position of the cylinder or barrel by
means of a winch handle keyed to a vertical shaft provided with
a lever projection for acting on the teeth of a ratchet wheel having
the same number of teeth as there are airs in the instrument. The
teeth of this ratchet wheel gear with a second ratchet formed on the
snail or cam usually employed to shift the cylinder, so that by turning
the winch handle above mentioned motion will be transmitted to the

page_text: ratchet gearing, and so move the cylinder more or less according to the
tune desired to be played. The winch handle is mounted above a fixed
disc or plate and earries a spring projection which prevents the winch
handle being turned backwards by taking into a recess in said disc on
the completion of each revolution of the winch handle. This recess
also serves to fix the winch handle and its spindle in one position, and
thereby prevent the rotation of the ratchet upon which said spindle acts,
as before described. By this means also the apparatus will change the
air automatically as usual for playing the airs in succession in their
regular order.
In order to indicate the air the instrument is about to play I provide
a disc with numbers, the list of tunes being also numbered to corre-
spond. A hand or index is mounted above this disc fixed to a spindle
or shaft, which is caused to revolve by the lateral motion of the cylinder
or barrel in its bearings by means of a sliding rod acted on by said
cylinder, and operating suitable gearing connected with the shaft.
Thus the name of the tune is indicated by reference to the number on
the list before mentioned, corresponding to the number indicated on
the disc. By this means supposing the instrument to have played tune
Number One, and it is desired to play Number Eight, the winch handle
is turned until the index hand points to Number Eight, thus indicating
that the cylinder is set to play the air desired. The cylinder is returned
to its normal position after playing the last of the series of airs as usual,
the index also returning by means of a spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE GATES OF RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hudson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1869.
I, JAMES HUDSON, of Fleetwood, in the County of Lancaster, Inspector
of Railway Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE GATES OF
RAILWAY CROSSINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable in those places where a common road
crosses a railway on the same level, and it consists of an improved
combination of machinery for opening and closing the double gates at
both sides of the railway simultaneously. My improved machinery
consists of a spoke wheel for actuating a drum to which both ends of a
chain are attached; this chain is taken around guide pulleys and over a
grooved pulley fixed to the lower part of one of the gates; this grooved
pulley is connected by chains and rods to another pulley fixed to one of
the gates at the opposite side of the railway, and both these pulleys
are connected by other rods and chains to the other portions of the
double gates. The gate posts pass through openings in the pulleys.
By this arrangement on turning the spoke wheel round the two halves
of both double gates are opened so as to admit of traffic across the rail-

page_text: way, or closed to prevent the traffic.
Self-acting stops connected to
the chains or rods are applied to limit the range of the gates, and others
actuated by a lever and rods to hold them open are or may be applied,
or the stops may be dispensed with by securing the hand wheel when
the gates are either opened or closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE FROM VEGETABLE PARCHMENT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hippolyte Louis Vallée, Hippo-
lyte Adrien Dourlet, and Auguste Michel Henry Armand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
6th January 1869.
We, HIPPOLYTE LOUIS VALLÉE, HIPPOLYTE ADRIEN DOUBLET, and
AUGUSTE MICHEL HENRY ARMAND, all of No. 82, Boulevard Sébastopol,
Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE FROM VEGETABLE PARCHMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of vegetable or paper
parchment for the manufacture of artificial flowers and foliage. The
material is cut, dyed, stiffened, gaufred, or embossed, glazed, and is
subjected in every respect to the same treatinent at present employed
for the manufacture of the flowers and folinge in present use.
advantages of this species of manufacture is its cheapness and durability,
there being a total absence of the grain so apparent in similar articles
The

page_text: made of the ordinary tissues, while at the same time it takes the most
brilliant colours with an exquisite transparency, and is considerably
lighter than any substance that has hitherto been employed, all of which
are important considerations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Briggs and James
Almond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th March 1869.
We, JAMES BRIGGS and JAMES ALMOND, Manufacturers, of Black-
burn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the treading or shedding
in that class of looms called "dobby looms." Instead of tying up
the healds directly to the top jacks, wires, or other lifters of the "dobby
we use longer cords and change the direction of the same by means
of small bowls or grooved pulleys, so as to bring the points of attach-
ment of the cords much nearer to the ends of the healds; this gives
increased steadiness in working. At the bottom instead of one set
of jacks, weights, or springs or a combination of any of them we use
two or more sets and place them so that they shall act upon the healds
at a moderate distance from each end. The object of this latter is to
give increased steadiness in working and also to leave the centre of
the loom clear, so that in case there is any plain cloth in the pattern

page_text: it can be worked with the ordinary plain tappets, which not only work
easier but produce better cloth. If there be any portion of the
pattern confined to the edges of the cloth, as in the case of borders,
we prefer to dispense with the heald staves that would be required to
work it and substitute in place thereof at each side of the loom short
wires bent in the form of a triangle or other convenient shape, or
thin plates of metal working in guides by preference, and to which
wires or plates the material forming the healds may be attached, as
also the cords connecting the same with the "dobby" at the top,
and which wires or plates communicate at the bottom with the set
of jacks, springs, or weights, set apart for that side.
Where the
treading or shedding is light we much prefer to use thin india-rubber
springs for drawing down the healds, instead of metal springs or other
arrangements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TYRES FOR WHEELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1869.
I, JOHN WATSON, of Govan, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TYRES FOR WHEELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a special construction and arrangement of
tyres by which great elasticity and flexibility are obtained. It consists
in using a thin ring of steel, which constitutes the tyre proper, this sur-
rounds the wheel, and between the circumference of the wheel and the
interior of the tyre an annular space is left. The tyre and wheel are
held together by a series of metallic straps or their equivalent which
cmbrace the tyre, and are attached to the wheel by pins or studs which
pass through slots or oblong openings near the extremities of the straps.
By means of a tyre so constructed and held to the wheel so much
elasticity and flexibility are obtained that on rolling over a surface the
tyre flattens at the part where it touches the surface and returns to the
true circular curve as the wheel continues to roll.

page_text: The Invention also consists in the application of steel as the material
of which such tyres are constructed. In place of using a continuous
steel tyre it may be dispensed with, and springs of various forms may
be caused to act directly against one or more of the straps or their
equivalent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Warn Banks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1869.
I, ALFRED WARN BANKS, of Newgate Street, in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to construct velocipedes in such
manner as to secure great safety in travelling, to adapt them for
tramways, and to enable a number of persons to travel together.
Hitherto the wheels of velocipedes have been placed one behind the
other in a direct or straight line, whereas according to my Invention
all the wheels are not placed in a line with each other, that is to say,
I place the wheels not all in one line but alternately to the right and
left of the fore and aft line of the velocipede. Thus, suppose, for
instance, five wheels be employed, the first wheel is in a line with the
third and fifth, and the second wheel is in a line with the fourth but not
in a line with the first, the second wheel being behind the first but not
in a direct or immediate line therewith. They thus revolve in different.
vertical planes. There may be only two wheels or there may be any

page_text: number disposed alternately as described, the whole number requiring
only one "supporting" wheel at back, and there is one seat to each of
the driving wheels, so that any number of persons may ride one to each
such wheel. The wheels should be made readily attachable and de-
tachable in any convenient manner so as to be easily added and taken
off. There may be two guide wheels in front or rear. Saddles, side
saddles, car side and chair seats may be used; and bags, trays, baskets,
or supports may be added for luggage. By using two or more wheels
disposed alternately as described the velocipede may run on a tramway.
Vehicles thus constructed may not only be used as velocipedes and
worked by the traveller's fect, but they may be adapted for being pro-
pelled wholly or partially by steam, manual power, animal traction, or
other agency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING POWER TO THE KNEE-JOINT LEVERS OF CERTAIN PRESSES USED IN PRESSING COTTON AND SUITABLE FOR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1869.
I, SAMUEL WILSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING POWER TO THE KNEE-JOINT LEVERS OF CERTAIN
PRESSES USED IN PRESSING COTTON AND SUITABLE FOR OTHER MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
My improvements consist in the intervention of a lever of a peculiar
form between the cylinder where the steam pressure is applied and the
knee-joint lever of the press. My lever is of the following form :-It
consists of two arms, which I prefer to be of different lengths, the longer
one being connected to the middle joint of the knee joint lever and the
shorter arm being connected to the piston rod by means of connecting
rods. The two arms of the lever which are set at an acute angle are
on the same side of the fulcrum and are connected together by means
of a link. In practice I find it advantageous to use the levers, links, and
connecting rods in pairs.

page_text: The advantages gained by my lever are as follows:-The short arm
relieves the grinders of the cross head from some of the strain which
would otherwise be thrown on them by the leverage of the long arm,
and while the stroke of the piston is reduced the power is applied in a
very advantageous manner, becoming gradually greater as the subsistance
becomes more compressed and the resistance is consequently increased.
The long and short arm might be set on opposite sides of the fulcrum,
in which case the arms should be set at an obtuse angle, but I do not
consider this plan so good as that already described. The arms of the
lever need not necessarily be different lengths, although I prefer that
the one which is connected to the piston rod should be shorter than the
other in order to reduce the stroke of the piston.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1869.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of the Firm of Messieurs William Smith and
Brothers, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is chiefly beneficial when applied to looms for weaving
carpets, but it may be applied for weaving other fabrics, and it consists
in the application of a counteracting tappet acting on the spring of the
lever for putting in the wires.
In performing my Invention I dispense with the outer rim of the
tappet acting on the lever for putting in the wires, and I connect the
spring acting on the said lever to the upper arm of a double lever,
instead of to a fixed stud as now customary. The lower arm of this
double lever is connected by a link to a lever which is acted upon by a
second tappet corresponding in shape to the tappet for working the lever
which puts the wire in, but placed on the opposite side of the tappet

page_text: shaft; by this arrangement the spring is kept at an uniform tension,
and the frequent breakages of the tappets or other parts is avoided.
I wish to observe that the particular arrangement of the levers may
be varied to produce the same result, namely, to preserve an uniform or
nearly uniform tension of the spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF THE SAILS, YARDS, AND RIGGING OF SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Palmer Evelyn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1869.
I, GEORGE PALMER EVELYN, of the Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall,
in the County of Middlesex, Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SAILS, YARDS, AND RIGGING OF SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable steamers and other vessels to
carry powerful sails, combining the advantages of square and fore and
aft sails, and arranged so as to allow of the yards being pointed right
fore and aft, so as to present their ends only to the wind when
steaming against it. The sail is laced to a boom yard, which is divided
at about of its length by double jaws, or a strong metal ring which
embraces the mast. The gaff yard embraces the mast in a similar manner,
and the sail is divided at the mast, and attached to it by rings or hoops
which slide up and down it. The mast is supported by revolving stays
or shrouds arranged in the following manner :-The metal double jaws
of the boom yard, and also, if necessary, of the gaff yard are furnished

page_text: with two (or more) short arms with slot holes at the extremities. The
shrouds or stays, which are attached to a ring at the masthead, pass
through these slots down to the deck, where they work on a circular
horse or other way. As the boom swings the arms swing also and make
the stays revolve with them. The greater area of the sail should be
abaft the mast. It is believed that no shrouds fixed in the ordinary
way will be necessary, but they may be used in conjunction with the
revolving stays.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WRAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lee Norton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1869.
I, JAMES LEE NORTON, of Belle Sauvage Yard, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WRAVING," to be as follows:-
In the first place my Invention consists in an improved and simple
arrangement of mechanism for obtaining what is known in weaving as
a double beat of the slay or batten for each pick thrown by the shuttle,
and also for causing an almost entire cessation of motion or dwell to
the slay or batten to allow the shuttle to pass. I accomplish this as
follows: In addition to the ordinary crank and crank arm I employ
two connecting links, one of which is connected to the slay sword, and
the other to a centre at the back part of the loom. The other ends of
these links are connected to the crank arm at or nearly at the same
point, as may be found most convenient. The action of this arrange-
ment is such that as the crank revolves it imparts the required double
beat to the slay or batten, and also causes the motion to cease almost

page_text: entirely at a certain portion of the revolution so as to allow time for the
shuttle to pass.
In the next place my Invention consists in an improved arrangement
for governing the order of picking or throwing of the shuttle, so that
the picking can only take place from that side of the slay or batten at
which the shuttle may have been brought in a line with the shuttle
race. A bell-crank lever is fixed at the back of the shuttle box frame,
one arm of which is placed opposite to and in contact with the shuttle
swell. Or in place of a bell-crank lever other forms of levers may be
employed to produce the same results. During the oscillation of the
slay or batten or when returning from the beat up one arm of the bell-
crank lever comes in contact (according to the presence or absence of
the shuttle in the shuttle box) with a stud or projection fixed on a lever
centred in a convenient part of the loom frame, which lever either puts
in or throws out of action any ordinary picking apparatus usually
employed in looms. The order of picking is governed by the swells in
the shuttle boxes, and which are actuated by the shuttles, the presence
or absence of which determines the order of the picking. This arrange-
ment may be used in a pick-and-pick loom with any number of boxes
at either side of the slay or batten, or in any ordinary loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1869.
I, JOHN BOYD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to that class of machinery for winding yarn or
thread by which the yarn or thread is built up in conical layers, and its
object is to obtain a uniform strain on the yarn or thread so as to avoid
injuring it, and so as to wind it in an equal manner. In order to obtain
the desired result it is necessary for the rotation of the pirn or spindle
employed to vary at a uniform rate corresponding with the traverse of
the guide which leads the yarn or thread upon the conical surface, and
so that it shall, at each moment, correspond inversely to the circum-
ference of the said conical surface at the part where the yarn or thread
is then being wound on.

page_text: The Invention consists in obtaining the proper uniformly varying
rate of rotation of the pirns or spindles by means of novel and peculiarly
formed spur wheels, which are introduced at a part of the gearing
where they may make a single turn whilst the yarn is being wound up
the cone and down again, one half of cach wheel being shaped to suit
the increasing motion, and the other half the decreasing motion. In
designing that wheel of cach pair which is to be the driven one any
convenient number of radi are taken at equal angles apart, and their
lengths are made respectively equal to those of a series of equidistant
ordinates drawn from a hyperbola to its asymptote. The lengths of the
radii may also be got by calculation. A curve is drawn through the
ends of the radii so found, and is taken as the pitch line in setting off
the teeth of the wheel. The driving wheel is simply a counterpart of
the driven wheel and may be deduced therefrom, but it is different in
form, and the fact that there is a difference between the two wheels
distinguishes these improved wheels from elliptic, eccentric, or archimidean
spiral wheels that have been tried but unsuccessfully for the purpose of
attaining the same object.
With the wheels constructed as herein-before described the traverse
motion is worked by a "heart" or archimidean spiral cam of the
common kind placed on the shaft of the driven wheel, but the cam for
the traverse motion may be placed on the shaft of the driving wheel if
suitably modified in shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ORES TO OBTAIN COPPER AND OTHER METALS THEREFROM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1869.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Mostyn, in the County of Flint, Copper Smelter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING ORES TO OBTAIN COPPER AND OTHER METALS THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating ores to
obtain copper and other metals therefrom. For this purpose I take any
suitable ore, such as the refuse of burnt copper pyrites, and after reducing
it to powder roast or calcine it till all the sulphides of the metals are
decomposed. I then place it into tanks fitted with suitable false bottoms
and add weak muriatic acid and water, pumping it through until nearly
all the copper is rendered soluble; it is then washed with water till all
the soluble copper is washed out. The lead and silver remain behind
in the ore in the form of chlorides, which are readily dissolved by brine,

page_text: and are then washed out and afterwards precipitated with sulphide of
sodium or by any other well-known means, so that not only can the
copper contained in the ore be obtained but also the silver and lead, if
any.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS FOR WORKING OR CULTIVATING THE SOIL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Heal at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1869.
I, JOHN HEAL, of Axminster, in the County of Devonshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
FOR WORKING OR CULTIVATING THE SOIL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming at the upper end of the tine of the
arrow a mortice joint, into which a flat bar of iron or other suitable
material is tightly fitted and secured therein by a bolt and nut, the said
bolt passing through both the mortice and the bar. The tine of the
harrow is also strengthened by a shoulder or projecting piece of metal
welded or otherwise fixed thereto, the said bar resting or bearing thereon,
by which means the tine is prevented from bending and is more firmly
secured to the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bullough and Christopher
Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st May 1869.
We, JOHN BULLOUGH (of the Firm of Howard and Bullough), of
Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and CHRISTOPHER
CATLOW, of Burnley, in the County aforesaid, Overlooker, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement, construction, and
combination of apparatus in connection with the weft fork so as to stop
the loom when a "float" or imperfection in the weaving occurs, for which
Letters Patent were granted to James Bullough, A.D. 1855, No. 529,
and to William Hudson and Christopher Catlow, A.D. 1859, No. 709.
We employ apparatus as follows:-In the space between the healds and
the reed an additional heald (which for the sake of distinction we term a
"float heald") is suspended from the heald roller bearings, and the lower
end is attached by a spiral or blade spring to the cross rail or other
convenient part of the loom, the said float heald also being con-
nected to the sley beam by a cord or chain. Between the "float heald "

page_text: and the reed we place a corse or "float reed," to which is attached and
working in connection therewith a finger resting on a catch having one
or more notches therein; this finger acts on a projection on a stem of
the weft fork when a float occurs and stops the loom.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When the shed is not
properly formed for the passage of the shuttle by reason of one or more
warp threads becoming entangled the yarn so entangled is by the "float
heald" moved forward in the direction of the "float reed." On the return
of the slay the entangled yarn is struck or impinged by the "float reed,"
and as this reed is suspended by or works on pins attached to the sley cup
or swords it is caused to swing or move on such pins whilst the finger
herein-before mentioned as connected with the float reed is liberated
and caused to tilt up or risc, and is thus brought in contact or collision
with the projection on the stem of the weft fork, and the ordinary
apparatus in connection with the weft fork for stopping the loom is
brought into operation and the weaving of damaged cloth prevented.
Instead of employing a "float reed," as above described, in some cases
an ordinary reed may be used, the upper end thereof being received in
a groove and held in position for the beat up by a spring; but should a
"float" occur the reed on coming in contact therewith will rebound or
move in its groove, and a finger in connection therewith is thus caused
to act on the projection on the weft fork, and the motion of the loom
is arrested.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-BARS TO BE EMPLOYED IN FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gregson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1869.
I, ROBERT GREGSON, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-BARS TO BE EMPLOYED IN FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of fire-bars employed in
furnaces, known as "endless travelling fire-bars," and are designed
principally to prevent the accumulation of "clinker" in front of the
bridge, which takes place when the lower edge of the latter is placed
near the surface of the fire-bars. In furnaces with endless travelling
fire-bars as usually constructed the bars are formed with an entirely
plain or straight surface at the top, and hence, unless the lower surface
of the suspended bridge was placed a certain distance above the same,
there was not sufficient space for the clinkers to pass, and consequently
they accumulated at the front of the bridge.
My Invention consists in making such endless travelling fire-bars
with their upper surfaces alternately plain and with a curved notch, by

page_text: the use of which improvements I am enabled to bring the lower edge
of the suspended bridge in such furnace nearer to the surface of the
fire-bars, and at the same time to allow the clinkers to pass under the
bridge in the notches or hollow parts of the surface of the fire-bars, and
thus prevent the accumulation of clinkers in the front of the bridge.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-GRATES SUITABLE FOR STOVES, DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Waterworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1869.
I, JAMES WATERWORTH, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Eugine Tender, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-GRATES SUITABLE FOR STOVES, DOMESTIC AND OTHER
FIRES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in combining with ordinary fire-grates a
moveable plate. This plate is placed underneath the grate, and pro-
jections or prongs are formed thereon corresponding to certain of the
spaces between the bars, and this grate is so arranged that it may be
readily acted on by means of a lever or other suitable contrivance, the
prongs being thus caused to move between the grate bars and so scale
the fire. I prefer to make the plate the same size as the grate, so that
when desirable the grate may be entirely closed by shutting the plate
up against the grate.

page_text: Instead of adapting the plate and prongs to an ordinary grate I may
make it together with a loose grate, the combined arrangement being
then placed within an ordinary fire-place a short distance from the
bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISH COVERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1869.
I, HENRY SMITH, of Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DISH COVERS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAME," to be
as follows:-
The improvements relate to rendering covers intended for dishes and
such like purposes more convenient in their use than hitherto, and
consist in making such covers in one or more pieces, strips, segments,
or otherwise of any convenient shape contrived to lie and be or move
one within or over the other, or to fold up or over and embrace each
other, so that the cover may when desired remain on the dish, and when
requisite be contracted or folded up or over on to one or both sides
within itself or otherwise, on or under or at one or both sides of the
dish, receptacle, or plate with which it may be used, and so give free
access to such dish, plate, or receptacle, and when it is desired to replace
or expand the cover it may be readily pulled or otherwise made to fall
over and cover the dish. For instance, a hemispherical or ellipsoidal

page_text: metal cover may be conveniently formed in, say, seven pieces or sections,
each piece being made slightly larger than its neighbour and made to
revolve or move within or over the other on two pins or centres, one at
each side of the edge or rim of the cover, the cover, and in some cases
the dish, being formed with a rim or thickened edge all round, on to
which the picces may butt when shut or expanded, and which rim may
also serve to support them, as also the centres on which they work. In
some cases the rim may be dispensed with, and the pins or centres may
be formed on one of the pieces or sections themselves, or the pieces may
be arranged round a pin or centre at the top of the cover, or they may
be arranged round pins or centres formed on the dish or receptacle.
The improvements may be performed by making the expanding and
contracting covers as above described of metal, metal gauze, canvas,
felt, india-rubber, papier machée, or of other suitable material in any
convenient number of pieces and of any desired shape or form, proper
and suitable to the purpose; the pieces being so formed with ledges, ribs,
rims, or otherwise, than when expanded they may be more or less air-
tight, and made to keep in their places when expanded or contracted
by means of their own weight, or by any other suitable means. The
pieces may be made to expand or contract by means of thumb pieces,
latches, or a pin or pins fixed on to the rim, or on one of the pieces
themselves, or on the top of the cover, said pin or pins serving as the
axis on which the pieces may turn and be supported. When made in
canvas, felt, or india-rubber ribs of metal, wood, whalebone, or vulcanite
may be used to support and be attached to such canvas, felt, or india-
rubber, which may be in one piece, so that on the ribs being brought
together the cover may be made to contract.
AN ECCENTRIC LEVER POLYGONAL BORING BRACE, TO BE USED IN PLACE OR IN LIEU OF THE ORDINARY RATCHET BRACE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Ridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1869.
I, DAVID RIDGE, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN ECCENTRIC
LEVER POLYGONAL BORING BRACE, TO BE USED IN PLACE OR IN LIEU OF THE
ORDINARY RATCHET BRACE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is fully set forth in the title, and the
Invention consists substantially of a nut which is polygonal in shape
keyed upon the "dummy" or shaft which carries the drill on one side
of the said nut and the box on the other side. The dummy is actuated
by an eccentric lever shaped to suit the sides of the nut and acting
thereon at pleasure, and is similar to a spanner having one side cut
off, and which working upon a pin is held in position by being placed
between two plates which are suitably held together by the collar of
the dummy on the one side and a washer screwed on to the said
dummy on the other side. There is a slot provided to prevent the

page_text: lever working too widely in its movements, and to prevent its going
backwards too far.
Unlike the ordinary ratchet brace there are no springs required in
my Invention, so that there is less wear and tear, and the action of
my apparatus is more certain. It is noiseless in operation, and from 5
its simplicity of construction is not liable to get out of order.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fuller Guy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
28th May 1869.
I, GEORGE FULLER GUY, of Bury St. Edmonds, in the County of
Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
I coat all that portion of the ship or vessel which is exposed to the
action of the wator with zinc amalgamated on its surface with mercury.
For this purpose I employ thin sheet iron zinced over by galvanizing
or any other process, so that the zinc may be of sufficient thickness
upon the iron to supply the loss by exfoliation, the zinced surface of the
plate to be amalgamated with mercury and fastened to the ship cither
with rivets or any other approved method. Or in building new ships the
ship's plates may themselves be zinced or galvanized before fastening
them to the ribs and amalgamated with mercury; the plates may be
amalgamated by wetting them with dilute sulphuric acid, and then
rubbing them over with metallic mercury, or by any of the well-known
processes for the purpose of amalgamation.

page_text: The object of the application of amalgamated zinc is to render the
iron of the ship electro-negative, and thus preservo it from the corrosive
action of the sea water and to prevent waste of zinc by local action, and
at the same time by the greasy surface produced by the mercury and
the gradual exfoliation of the surface of the plate to arrest the growth
of barnacles, weeds, and all other foulnesses, thus keeping the bottom
of the ship perfectly clean.
I use thin sheet iron covered or coated with zinc by preference to zinc
alone, as the amalgamation renders zinc brittle and therefore somewhat
difficult to apply, whilst the iron not being acted upon by the mercury
retains its toughness and enables the sheets or plates to be employed
without injury.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES AND PEN AND PENCIL CASES OR HOLDERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Jonas
Elias Gedalge, junior, and L. Vernier, both of 13, Boulevart St.
Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES AND PEN AND PENCIL
CASES OR HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to an improvement in compasses for the
use of draughtsmen and others, but more especially applicable for school
purposes. The improvement consists in the adaptation of an ordinary
pen nib and holder to one limb of the compass whereby to facilitate
the drawing of circles the lines of which may be equally as fine as
those made by the ordinary compass pen. The nib is also much more
easily renewed when worn out, and enables the thick or shadow line,
as at A in the accompanying Drawing, to be made at the same time,
without re-touching or passing over the line a second time as is required

page_text: with an ordinary compass pen. The improvement thus consists in
the substitution in compasses of an ordinary pen nib in lieu of the usual
screw pen, which is a rigid instrument difficult to feed and to maintain
a supply of ink to the point, while a pen nib makes equally fine lines,
and in addition possesses the advantage of flexibility, is readily fed,
especially with common ink, and enables lines to be made of varying
thickness at the same time. These nibs are further readily replaced
when worn out, while on the contrary a compass is rendered useless
under similar circumstances.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Drawings show the improvement as
applied to the usual forms of compasses, although I reserve the
right of applying it to compasses of all kinds. Figure 1 shows an
ordinary compass with the pen nib and holder applied in lieu of
the ordinary screw pen; Figure 2 shows the improvement as applied
to a beam compass provided with a scale (fitting in mortises in each
leg) for drawing circles of any required diameter as usual. This
compass thus serves as a rule, pencil, writing pen, and measure.
Figures 3 and 4 show the pen nib and holder applied to a tubular
compass. The pen leg when detached may be used as a pen holder or
drawing pen, and when fitted to the compass leg serves as a circular
pen, or a pencil leg may be applied in lieu thereof.
Another improvement consists in the application of a compass leg
to pen and pencil cases or holders. Figure 5 represents a set of mathe-
matical instruments combined consisting of a 'pen, pencil case, knife,
and compass leg provided with a graduated scale. Each of the legs 2
of the compasses before described may be knee jointed if desired, and
I may also joint a pen and pencil arm on one of the compass legs, or
it may be a writing pen and screw pen or a pencil and screw pen.
Ar IMPROVED Box FOR ENCLOSING PORTRAITS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC CARTES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th May 1869.-A communication from Joseph Münch, residing at
2, Rue St. Louis, Paris, Manufacturer.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British & Foreign Patent
Offices, 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
and 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Ar
IMPROVED Box FOR ENCLOSING PORTRAITS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC CARTES," com-
municated to me by Joseph Münch, a person resident at 2, Rue St.
Louis, in Paris aforesaid, Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me is intended to contain and
preserve from injury in a comparatively small space portraits and photo-
graphic cartes; it consists of a box with a lid divided into several com-
partments of which the size may be increased or decreased by means of
moveable partitions sliding in grooves in the wall or surface of the sides

page_text: which form the said compartments, so that by placing the portraits or
photographic cartes in the alphabetical order of the initials of the
originals between the moveable partitions, the top of each partition
having an index with one of the letters of the alphabet on it, it is very
casy to find out the portrait ouc is seeking.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BUFFER CARRIAGE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Pyne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1869.
I, RICHARD PYNE, of 25, Wellington Street, Strand, London, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
RAILWAY BUFFER CARRIAGE," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a buffer carriage to be attached in the front
or rear of a railway engine or other carriage, so that in case of collisions
in front or rear the effects of the concussion may be received by the
buffer carriage, and the dangerous results may be thus more or less
obviated.
The buffer carriage, mounted upon axles and wheels, is made of two or
more compartments so arranged as to slide within each other after the
manner of a telescope. Throughout the interior is a series of tubes
which in like manner slide within each other, and within each of these
are placed a series of spiral or other springs, or they may be arranged
with piston rods, pistons, and levers, so as to act upon the enclosed air
instead of the springs. I purpose also to fill the other spaces of the

page_text: carriage with wool, cord, or other such compressible and elastic
substance, so that when sudden force comes in contact with the end of
the carriage the compartments slide within each other, and in like
manner do the tubes containing the springs, and by the elasticity of
these the effect of the concussion is more or less diminished.