IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING." -A communication from abroad by James Lyall, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 15th November 1870, and dated the 30th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th May 1870.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows: :―
This Invention relates to improvements upon looms for weaving in
which the shuttle is not thrown, but is gradually pushed from one side
to the other by the action of a carrier that travels outside the shed of

page_text: warps. Reference is hereby especially made to Letters Patent, No. 1042,
granted to said James Lyall, March 26th, 1868, as showing a loom
of this character, and the present improvements will be more fully
understood by reference thereto.
The present improvements relate, firstly, to placing the bobbin cop or
spool of weft thread within an open movable case carrying the eye for
the weft thread to pass through, and making the shuttle so as to receive
this case, and hold the same by a spring or catch, thereby the shuttle
itself always can remain in place in the lay, and the weft thread can be
more easily threaded through the eye in the movable case, and then the
case be inserted in the shuttle, instead of having to draw the thread
through the eye while the shuttle is in the lay, as in aforesaid Patent.
Secondly. To the use of a crank motion for moving the shuttle carrier,
in order that the movement may be more gradual in stopping and
starting. In looms adapted to some kinds of fabrics the wheel 25 and
rock bar 27 in aforesaid Patent are employed with their connections to
the shuttle carrier, but instead of moving the rack bar by a cam a
connecting rod and a crank are applied thereto to obtain a gradual
stopping and starting motion and an intermediate acceleration. In
other characters of looms this crank motion will be applied upon the
lay itself, in which case the crank pin will be upon an endless belt
travelling around small pulleys upon the lay beneath the shuttle way,
and this crank pin is connected to the cords that pass around pulleys to
the shuttle carrier, so that the shuttle will be gradually stopped and
started as the said pin upon this belt travels as a crank pin around the s
outer half of one pulley at one end and the other pulley at the other
' end. These pulleys receive a continuous rotation by shafts and gearing
I connected at or near the fulcrum or joint on which the lay swings. In
other kinds of looms it may be more convenient to place the crank upon
a wheel or shaft supported by the frame of the loom, and transmit the a
motion from the same to the shuttle carrier through gearing and belts
similar to those last mentioned; in this case the motion of the shuttle
can be largely accelerated in the middle part of its movement, and
gradually stopped and started. A convenient mode of moving the
crank for this acceleration is by a wheel on an axis that is excentric to
the axis on which the crank swings, and in which wheel is a radial slot
for the crank pin, thereby the crank itself will be turned faster at one

page_text: point of the motion than at another, according to the position of the
crank pin in said slot resulting from the excentric position of the two
axes of rotation, and the accelerated or retarded movement will be
communicated to the parts receiving motion from such crank.
Thirdly. To means for giving the lay a continuous but irregular
vibration, so that the movement to beat up shall be rapid, and a pause
or dwell shall be made when the lay is drawn back to give time for the
shuttle's movement. This is effected by a crank that gives a vibration
or reciprocation to the lay by connecting rods or similar means, but the
crank has a progressive acceleration and retardation, for which purpose
a radially slotted wheel is used (similar to aforesaid wheel) upon a centre
excentric to the centre on which the crank swings, so that when the
crank pin is near the centre of the wheel its movement will be slow, and
then accelerated as the excentricity throws the crank pin further from
the centre of motion, thus the proper dwell or pause in the movement of
the lay can be obtained.
Fourthly. To applying to the cams and treadles of the heddles an
accelerated movement from the crank and excentrically placed wheel as
aforesaid, so that a slow movement will be employed at the time of
commencing to change the shed, thus lessening the concussion on the
warps or heddles. By arranging these parts in a loom so as to operate
properly in time with each other, great rapidity can be obtained in the
respective movements, and that without unnecessary strain or noise,
because the stopping and starting of the reciprocations are gradual, and
they are accelerated and retarded to work in harmony one with another.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
O VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-

page_text: third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication to me from
abroad by James Lyall, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being made to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say) :-
This Invention is an improvement upon that patented by the said
James Lyall, March 26, 1868, No. 1042, in Great Britain, and a
reference is hereby made to that Patent for a more full description of
the general features of the loom and its mechanism.
The loom in said Patent contains a shuttle that is moved across the
fabric by means of a carrier that operates outside the warps to press the
shuttle along. The shuttle driver in said Patent receives motion from
cords or belts passing over pulleys and down to the axis on which the
lay vibrates, and the said cords or belts receive motion from a vibrating
lever. It is found important to give to the shuttle an accelerated speed
up to the middle of its movement, and then retard the speed until the
motion is stopped at the termination of its movement. The speed of the
shuttle at its various points of motion has to be proportioned to the

page_text: movements of the other parts of the loom, and as this Invention is
adapted to being applied to looms already built or to looms that may be
built, and adapted to special characters of weaving improved devices will
be described for giving to the shuttle the speed required in the various
parts of its movement, leaving the mechanic to apply to particular looms
such motions as may be best adapted to the other parts. Where the
loom is of a character to receive a horizontal wheel 25, shown in Fig. 1,
the cord or belt u passing to the shuttle carrier is led around this
wheel, and to the wheel a rotary or oscillating motion is given first in
one direction and then in the other. The pinion 24 and rack 27 are
employed to give motion to this wheel 25, and the rack 27 is moved
by a crank and connecting rod 2 to give an easy motion without
sudden concussion or friction, and accelerate and retard the movement
of the shuttle progressively. In some characters of looms it will be
necessary to place this wheel 25 vertically and connect the belts or
bands therefrom horizontally to the lay and shuttle carrier, as illus-
trated in Fig. 2. The motion in this case is given to the wheel 25 by
levers a³ moving on the fulcrum 51, and connected by straps 52 to the
pulleys 53 on opposite sides so that one strap is wound upon the pulley
as the other is drawn off by the action of its lever a³ and cam b³. The
cams b³ are on the shaft h¹, and are shaped so that the shuttle will have
the necessary acceleration; the shape of the cams shown will give a
rapid movement to the shuttle while passing through the warp, and
then a gradual stopping and starting movement towards the end of its
stroke. This feature of improvement may be applied to looms in which
the lay receives its movement from cranks. In looms that are adapted
to weaving wide and heavy fabrics an accelerated and retarded motion
for the lay is preferred, so that it comes up rapidly to beat in the filling
and there is a pause or dwell when the lay is near its extreme backward
movement, so that there is time for the passage of the shuttle. This is
effected by the use of a crank and slotted wheel revolving contiguous,
but on two different centers; in Fig. 3 a section is shown transversely of
the loom; in Fig. 4 the front of the loom is represented, and in Fig. 5
one side of the loom is shown. The crank shaft E is connected to the
lay by the rods b, as usual, but there is a crank g at the end of the
shaft E, the pin of which passes into a slot f in the wheel J, this wheel J
is placed eccentric to the shaft E, hence as the wheel J is revolved by
suitable power, the crank pin g at one portion of the movement is nearer

page_text: to the center of J, and said pin is therefore moved slower, and at
another part of the revolution the crank pin g is further from the center
of J, and is moved faster, thus giving a rapid movement in beating up,
and a dwell or pause as the shuttle passes through the warp. This same
character of motion is given to the shuttle through the agency of the
wheel I, slot i, and crank j, the movement being communicated through
the gearing K, S, ³, q, and shaft P to the belt u that moves the shuttle
carrier, and the parts are so positioned and timed that the rapid move-
ment is acting upon the shuttle carrier and shuttle while passing
through the warps, and the slow movements are at the ends of the stroke
in stopping and starting the shuttle. The cord or belt u of the shuttle
carrier is connected to the belt that travels continuously but at
varying speeds aforesaid around with the pulleys us, so that while that
motion is continuous the shuttle carrier is reciprocated; this is effected
by means of a crank pin upon the belt u*, with a swivel and arm uº (see
Figs. 4 and 6) to the belt u, and this belt u is above the centers of the
pulleys u³, hence when the swivil arm u arrives over the pulley u³ at
one end the belt u stops and the arm uº describes a half circle, and is
then drawn along in the other direction by the crank pin as it moves
along with the belt ut, and then the belt u stops as the arm us swings
around the pulley at the other end, so that the shuttle carrier is
reciprocated by this belt w' and swivel arm. In Fig. 9 the parts for
giving motion to the wheel 25 and cords u are substantially the same as
in Fig. 1, only the said wheel is on a shaft that is eccentric instead
of central, and the rack 27 is an arc of a circle that is moved by a lever
and connecting rod 2 to the crank pin, this arrangement gives an
accelerated and retarded movement to the shuttle through the belt u to
the shuttle driver, and in some characters of looms this movement can
be advantageously introduced. An accelerated movement as aforesaid
can be given to the heddles.
By reference to Figs. 3, 4, & 5, it will be seen that the driving shaft G,
and pinion H, give motion to the wheel I, that wheel I by the slot i,
and crank pin j gives motion to the wheel K, moving with the differ-
ential motion aforesaid, the pinion S and wheels 7, 9, and also by the
pinion L moving the wheel M of the heddle shaft F with the same
character of differential motions, so that the cams c, c, treadles D, and
heddles c¹ shall move in harmony with the other parts of the loom.

page_text: In aforesaid Patent the cop or bobbin is inserted into the shuttle itself,
and said shuttle being in the lay there is a difficulty in threading the
weft thread through the eye of the shuttle. This is obviated in the
manner shown in Figs. 7 and 8, wherein the face of the shuttle is shown
and a sectional plan of the same. The bobbin spool or cop is inserted
into a movable case h³ in any usual manner, but this case is adapted to
being removed from the shuttle, and carries also the eye or eyes h³ for
the weft thread to pass through, this case when inserted into the shuttle
is held by a spring h³, and when a new cop is to be put in the case
is taken out of the shuttle with great facility and another filled one
inserted, or else the cop or bobbin is placed in the same case and re-
inserted after the thread has been drawn through the
eye ke as usual.
In some characters of looms, especially for weaving wide goods, it may
be necessary to have the cord u wound around the band wheel 25,
Fig. 1, two or more times in opposite directions and to revolve the same
twice or more in carrying the shuttle, this may be effected by pro-
portioning the pinion 24 to the movement of the rack 27 (Fig. 1 or
Fig. 9) and when the movement is to be accelerated at the middle and
retarded towards the ends of the movement, the pinion may receive its
motion through a crank j, slot i, and wheel K, (Fig. 5,) the parts being
so positioned and timed that the slot i will give an oscillating move-
ment to the wheel K instead of a rotary motion. By arranging these
parts in a loom so as to operate properly in time with each other, great
rapidity can be obtained in the respective movements, and that without
unnecessary strain or noise, because the stopping and starting of the
reciprocations are gradual, and they are accelerated and retarded to work
in harmony one with another.
What is claimed and to be secured by Letters Patent is,-
First. The means herein specified for giving the differential motion to
the shuttle carrier and shuttle, so that the required speed will be given
to such shuttle at the different portions of its movements.
Second. The means herein-described for communicating to the belt u
and shuttle carrier a reciprocating motion from a continuously moving
belt.
Third. The accelerated motion and the pause or dwell given to the

page_text: Fourth. The gearing and cams acting upon the heddles to communi-
cate to the heddles the accelerated and retarded movement aforesaid.
Fifth. The movable case carrying the bobbin spool or cop, and the
eye or eyes for the weft thread, in combination with the shuttle and
shuttle carrier for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.