CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Gallafent, of 15, Stepney Causeway, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
Sealed the 11th January 1862, and dated the 19th July 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Gallafent at the
Office of the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1861.
I, DANIEL GALLAFENT, of 15, Stepney Causeway, in the County of Middle-
sex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is
to' say :-
The apparatus consists of one or more series of cylinders, each series being
formed' or composed of three cylinders in the manner following:-Within a
cylinder of cast iron or other suitable material I place a thin copper cylinder,
so as to leave a space between the copper and the iron cylinders for the flow
or passage of cold liquor. Within the copper cylinder I place a solid cylinder
of wood, or hollow cylinder of metal, and of less diameter than the copper
cylinder, so as to leave a space between the copper and wood cylinders for the
flow or passage of hot wort. The cylinders aforesaid may be made somewhat
larger in diameter at one end than at the other end, so that the annular space.
formed by the copper and wood cylinders may be increased or diminished as
circumstances may require. To the wood cylinder, which is mounted on an

page_text: axis or spindle, I communicate by strap, band, or other suitable means a
rotary motion, the object being to cause the particles of hot wort to be
brought in contact with the interior surface of the copper cylinder, which is
effected by the friction of the wood cylinder against such particles of hot wort
which roll over and over as they pass through the annular space formed by the
two cylinders. The hot wort then passes to another series of cylinders or
apparatus same as those herein-before described, and so on until the required
temperature is obtained. The object of employing a solid cylinder of wood or
other material inside the copper cylinder is to reduce the capacity of the
copper cylinder, so as to correspond with the capacity or space formed by the
copper and iron cylinders for the flow of cold water.
The dimensions and general arrangement of the series of cylinders forming a
refrigerator will be more particularly described in the Complete Specification.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Gallafent in the Great Seal Patent Office on, the
15th January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
GALLAFENT, of 15, Stepney Causway, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Daniel Gallafent, Her special licence that I, the said Daniel
Gallafent, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Daniel Gallafent, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Daniel Gallafent, my executors,
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: Calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Gallafent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The apparatus consists of one or more series of cylinders, each series being
formed or composed of three cylinders in the manner following:-Within a
cylinder of cast iron or other suitable material, I place a thin copper cylinder,
so as to leave a space between the copper and the iron cylinder for the flow or
passage of cold liquor. Within the copper cylinder I place a solid cylinder of
wood, or hollow cylinder of metal, and of less diameter than the copper
cylinder, so as to leave a space between the copper and wood cylinders for
the flow or passage of hot wort. The cylinders aforesaid may be made some-
what larger in diameter at one end than at the other end, so that the annular
space formed by the copper and wood cylinders may be increased or diminished
as circumstances may require. To the wood cylinder, which is mounted on an
axis or spindle, I communicate by strap, band, or other suitable means, a
rotary motion, the object being to cause the particles of hot wort to be brought
in contact with the interior surface of the copper cylinder, which is effected by
the friction of the wood cylinder against such particles of hot wort, which
roll over and over as they pass through the annular space formed by the two
cylinders. The hot wort then passes to another series of cylinders or apparatus
same as those herein-before described, and so on until the required temperature
is obtained. The object of employing a solid cylinder of wood or other
material inside the copper cylinder is to reduce the capacity of the copper
cylinder so as to correspond with the capacity or space formed by the copper
and iron cylinders for the flow of cold water.
I will now proceed more particularly to. describe the dimensions and
general arrangement of the series of cylinders forming a refrigerator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of the refrigerator made according to
my Invention; Figure 2, a longitudinal vertical section taken through one of
the series of cylinders; Figure 3, a transverse section, shewing the frame or
bracket for supporting the apparatus, by bolting the same against a wall; and
Figure 4, a transverse section of one of the series of cylinders forming a
refrigerator, which I will now proceed to describe, similar letters denoting.
corresponding parts in all the Figures.

page_text: a, a, a, a, is a cast-iron cylinder similar to that described in the Specfication
of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, except that in the present case the
cylinder is made in two parts or halves, each part being cast with a projecting
flange b, b, for the purpose of bolting the same together, and forming an entire
cylinder, each half being cast with an internal screw or thread, as described in
the Specification of my former Patent, or the thread may be formed on the
outside of copper cylinder. The object of making the iron cylinder in two
parts is to facilitate the operation of cleaning the outside of copper cylinder c, c.
This cylinder, which is about one inch less in diameter than the internal
diameter of the iron cylinder, is made of the same length as the iron cylinder,
and the space between the two at each end thereof is hermetically sealed with a
ring of vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable means, so as to prevent the
cold liquor (water) which flows round the copper cylinder from getting inside
such cylinder and mixing with the wort. Within the copper cylinder c, c, I
place a solid cylinder of wood or other suitable material in place of the axis
and vape, as specified in my former Patent. Or the cylinder aforesaid may be
made of copper in place of wood, as shewn in the accompanying Drawings, in
which d, d, is the copper cylinder or roller, supported by and attached to the
axis e, e, by means of four cast-iron discs f,f,f,f; the weight of this roller
with its axis and discs should be equal, or thereabouts, to the weight of water
or wort displaced by the cylinder, so as to reduce as much as possible the
pressure on the bearings g, g, by the buoyancy of the copper roller when
surrounded by "wort." is a stuffing box, for preventing the escape of wort;
and i the driving pulley, for giving motion to the roller or copper cylinder by
means of a strap or band. The refrigerator, which may be composed of one
or more series of cylinders, as before described, is supported by a cast-iron
bracket k, k, bolted against the wall of brewery, or other place in which
the apparatus may require to be fixed, or the same may be supported by a
framework, as described in the Specification of my former Patent. The action
of the refrigerator is as follows:-The cold "liquor" (water) enters the
pipe, and having circulated or traversed round and round the copper
cylinder c, c, escapes by a rectangular aperture m to the upper cylinder, along
which the water traverses in a similar manner, and finally escapes after cir-
culating round the outside of the copper cylinder c, c, through the aperture n.
The wort or other liquor to be cooled enters the pipe o, and passes through
the annular space formed by the copper or wood roller and the copper
cylinder c, c, which space may be about one inch more or less. Rotary
motion being given to the roller, the particles of wort in passing from one end

page_text: of the refrigerator to the other are rolled over and over, and thrown against
the inner surface of the copper cylinder, which is kept cool by the flow of cold
liquor round the external surface. The wort having passed through that part
of the refrigerator above described, escapes by a pipe p to the next cylinder,
and finally escapes by a pipe 9 to the fermentation tuns.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise nature of the details herein-before described, so
long as the peculiar character of my Invention be retained; for instance, the
motion of the cold liquor and wort may be reversed. Cold liquor may also be
made to circulate through the copper roller as well as through the iron
cylinder by making the axis of such roller or rollers hollow.
I prefer,
however, the form of refrigerator as herein-before described, and claim as my
Invention,―
First, the making of the cylinder a, a, a, a, in two halves, as herein-before
described, for the purpose of facilitating the cleaning of copper cylinders from
any fur or deposit.
Secondly, I claim the revolving cylinder or roller in place of a spindle and
vanes, as described in the Specification of my former Patent, and I hereby
disclaim all parts in this my Specification which are similar to those described
in my former Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Gallafent, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 14th day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
DANIEL CATTALENT
DANIEL CALL AGENT
(L.C.)