Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1891-Accepted, 18th July, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
We, CHARLES M. CLINTON and JAMES MCNAMARA, Mechanics and DWIGHT
MINTIRE, LEROY H. SMITII and GEORGE LIVERMORE, Manufacturers, all
residing at Ithaca, in the County of Tompkins, and State of New York, U.S.A.,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to typewriting machines, and its object is to render the
action light and even; to render the alignment of the type perfect so that no strains
by the most rapid use of the machine can cause the type to get out of line, and so
that the original alignment and re-alignment may be readily made by any person :
means for readily adjusting the length of the type-bar connecting-rods: means for
readily attaching the key-stems to the crank-levers: means for readily attaching
the key-buttons to their stems: means for causing the ribbon to advance both
cross-wise and length-wise a little at every stroke of a key.
means for
This latter object has already been attempted to be accomplished, but it was
found that the crank-motion did not accomplish the object with as much accuracy
as we wish to attain, because when the crank was passing dead centers the ribbon
would at some times be held still and be worn dry at that point, and at other times
the crank would throw past center leaving a spot of ribbon unused, thus causing
the ribbon in course of time to become spotted or blotty, and these objections we
wish to obviate for the purpose of making a uniform impression by means of a
perfectly uniform advance of the ribbon-feeding device: means for increasing or
diminishing the force of the carriage feeding-spring at any moment means for
attaching and releasing a ribbon-spool so that new ribbons may be furnished to
the trade on wooden spools, and such wooden spools be supplied directly for use
on the machine, thus avoiding the disagreeable and dirty work of attaching the
ribbon to machine-spools, and providing means for thus keeping the ribbons upon
such spools in better condition as to moisture and straightness or flatness: means
for hanging the spacing-lever so as to preserve its horizontal position and easy
motion whether it be struck upon either extreme end or midway:
adapting roller-bearings to the carriage ways whereby the carriage may continue
its motion upon such rollers without perceptible resistance even though the rollers
should have reached and be stopped at the end of their paths, and whereby such
roller will be restored to its normal position at the succeeding reverse movement
of the carriage. Means for retaining the carriage at the exact tooth of the feed-
rack to which it may be moved by hand means for operating the detent and rack
escapement and for adjusting the tension upon the spacing device: means for
locating the width of the margin and for printing clear over such marginal lines
without interruption of the machine when it is desirable to make lines the full
width of the paper: means for disengaging the detent from the rack and the
marginal stops by a single movement so that the carriage may be freely moved
either way across the machine to any desired point: means for sounding the bell
before the end of a line is reached and of locking all the keys and the spacing-
lever so that they cannot be pressed down after the end of a line is reached,
thus notifying the operator and preventing the possibility of printing a number
of letters upon a single spot at the end of a line: means for hanging the impres-
sion or paper-carrying cylinder in rigidly fixed bearings so that the cylinder may
be readily swung forward and upward for examining the work without revolving
it upon its own center or dislocating the line of the paper upon which the print
is being made, and means for readily removing the cylinder from the said fixed

page_text: bearings whereby hard and soft cylinders are rendered interchangeable, or change
may be made from one letter to another without moving the paper from the
roller: means for hanging the, paper-guiding apron whereby it may be rocked and
adjusted to a rigidly fixed position as required for service: means for hanging the
pressure-roller whereby it may be moved away from the paper independently of
the said apron so that the apron will continue to guide the paper close to the
cylinder while the roller is pressed away to permit free passage of the paper:
means for guiding the forward edges of the paper upward beneath the front paper
guide when first inserted: means for revolving the cylinder either one or two-line
spaces and holding it rigidly when so revolved to prevent it being thrown past
the line by a quick movement of the line spacing lever, and yet permitting the
cylinder to be revolved either forward or backward line-by-line or rapidly passing
the lines without releasing the detent and with little effort and mechanical means
for thoroughly cleaning all the type by a simple crank movement.
*
To this end our invention consists in the construction and combination of parts
forming a type writing machine" hereinafter described and claimed, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, in which :
Fig. I, is a side elevation of a typewriting machine according to our invention,
and
Fig. II, is a top or plan view of the same.
Fig. III, is a transverse vertical section at the line 3, Fig. II.
Fig. IV, is an under side view of the key-button and its stem head detached,
showing also in vertical section the same parts joined together.
Fig. V, is a side view of the key stem hangings, and
Fig. VI, is a front view of the same.
Fig. VII, is a top view of the spacer key and connections.
Fig. VIII, is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the draw-bar and brace joint.
Fig. IX, is a side view of the type-rod and stirrup connection.
Fig. X, is a cross-section of a carriage rail and one set of rollers enlarged.
Fig. XI, is a longitudinal vertical section of the spring-wheel device for feeding
the carriage.
Fig. XII, is an inner end view of the same in connection with the ribbon-spool
hangings.
Fig. XIII, is a rear side view of the spring winder.
Fig. XIV, is a face view of the spring-wheel behind the cam.
Fig. XV; is a front view of the ribbon-feeding braces.
Fig. XVI, is a longitudinal section of the merchantable wooden ribbon spool
mounted for service.
Fig. XVII, is a left hand end view of the impression cylinder and its attachments
removed.
Fig. XVIII, is a rear side view in the region of the carriage-feeding escapement.
Fig. XIX, is a perspective view of the escapement.
Fig. XX, is a rear side view of the shifter-bar.
Fig. XXI, is a vertical-section at line x, Fig. XVIII, showing the marginal
stop device.
Fig. XXII, is a vertical-section at line y, Fig. XVIII, showing the alarm
device.
Fig. XXIII, is an inner side view of the line-spacer, showing the position of the
cylinder ratchet teeth by short radial lines.
Fig. XXIV, is a detail plan view of the revolving device, and
Fig. XXV, is a rear side view of the same.
No. 20 represents the frame of the machine provided with a key-board consisting
of a series of removable steps 21 which are of thin metal through which the stems 22
of the keys 23 play up and down freely. The finger piece or button of the key is
dish-shaped in its underside to receive the head 24 of the stem 22. Lugs 25 project
within the circle of the said dish, and wings 26 of the head 24 are adapted to pass
in between the said lugs, each wing being chisel-edged on its radial edge in one

page_text: direction so that when the button is placed upon the head of the stem and forcibly
turned toward the lugs the said edges of the wings are driven bodily into and
beneath the lugs, their wedging form being such as to hug the head permanently
into the bottom of the dish. These buttons may properly be made of hard rubber
so that the heads thus forced in may be removed by applying a little force to turn
them backward, and be replaced any number of times that may be required, always
holding tightly when the button is set so as to bring the letter thereon in its
proper upright position.
27 represents the draw-bars; 28 the rear braces; 29 the forward braces upon
which the draw-bars are pivotally hung so that throughout their movement the
draw-bars remain parallel to their initial position. Braces 29 are crank-rockers
each being provided with a downward arm 30, to which the lower end of the key
stem is pivoted at 31. This pivot is preferably made as a stud projecting at the
side of the arm 30, and the said arm is formed with a hooked-shaped offset 32
whose hook end rises outside of the lower end of the stem to keep the same in
place upon the stud when inserted, but the hook end is not long enough to reach
up to the stud 31 so that when the step pieces 21 are removed a stem 22 may
be swung either forward or backward to a nearly horizontal position as shown
in dotted lines 33, Fig. V, and be taken off the stud over the end of the hook,
the end of each stem being elongated more than the side thickness of the stem
from the pivot hole enough to be held in place by the hook when in a vertical
position of service, thus rendering all the key stems readily removable from their
hangings without the necessity of any movable pins or screws.
The draw-bars 27 are stalled between the teeth of a comb-shaped guide 34
which is rigidly fixed to the frame above the plane of the bars to keep the bars
from frictional contact with each other, and the respective key stems 22 are off-set
to one side each enough to reach its own rod-brace in groups of eight corresponding
with each column of eight keys, except four columns at the middle of key-board
whose position is occupied by the spacer-key 35. The arm of the spacer-key
has a broad T-shaped head whose ends are pivoted at 36 to ears 37 projecting
forward from the comb.
38 is a rod connecting the spacer-key with the arm 30 of one of the braces 29 whose
draw-bar 27 is not connected with any type, but operates the spacing mechanism
as each type-key does. As a distinguishing feature the spacing-key extends cross-
wise of the machine occupying the space of four letter keys in order that it may
be quickly struck by the operator, and its broad T-headed arm having bearings
far apart resists any side-wise twist consequent to striking the spacing-key on
either end, so that the spacer-key operates with the least possible friction whether
it be struck on either end or midway. The draw-bar is made of inverted U-shape
and the pivots 39 on which the braces are hung are cach made as a shoulder
stud riveted firmly to one side of the U and passing the full size of the body
through the other side so that the two sides of the U may be wedged or strained
apart to permit the brace to be inserted past the outer end of the stud onto the
stud as a bearing, and then the U thus opened may be again closed by pressure so
as to support both ends of the stud. By this means the pivot or stud can never
be lost and on account of its being riveted to only one side of the trough there is
no tendency to press the trough together in the act of heading the rivet and cause
friction upon the sides of the brace, as was likely to be the case with the old style
rivets headed. at both ends against the sides of the U-shaped bar. This same idea
of riveting only to one side may be carried out to advantage in other similar cases
of braces or removable parts secured within troughs of flexible material which may
be spread open and again closed.
40 is the type arm which is forged out of solid stock and slotted longitudinally in
The
its upper side to receive the hanger block 41 upon which it is pivoted at 42.
block being nearly one half as long as the type-arm and firmly fixed to the top
plate 43 by means of a binding-screw 44 passing into the said block through a
radial slot in the plate, permits the type-arm to be swung sidewise to adjust the

page_text: location of the type in one direction, and to be slid a little endwise to adjust the
location of the type in the other direction and then firmly fixes the same by means
of the one single binding-screw, and that in a convenient position to be reached, so
that any person may easily align the type at any time and when once so aligned
it is almost impossible that they should be thrown out of line except by some such
serious strain as will permanently bend the type-arm.
45 represents the connecting-rod between the type-arm and the draw-bar 27.
This rod is screwed at its upper end into a head 46 for the purpose of adjusting the
length of the rod, the head being pivoted to the type-arm and the lower end of the
rod being connected with the draw-bar by means of a stirrup 47 to which it
is connected by means of a bent-arm 48 passing as a lateral pivot through the
said stirrup.
49 is a sleeve fitted to slide upon the connecting-rod and having a downward
extending arm with an indentation or perforation at its lower end to spring over
the conical point of the pivotal arm 48 to prevent said pivot from being shaken out
of the stirrup while in service, and yet to permit, by being readily slipped upward,
of the said pivot being withdrawn from the stirrup so that the rod may be turned
for the purpose of screwing it into or out of its head or bearing to adjust its
length.
51 represents the carriage provided with V-shaped ribs 52 along its side edges
to engage two pairs of grooved rollers 53 which are mounted on independent
shafts 54, each shaft having two other rollers 55 journaled one above and the other
below the roller 53. This shaft may be fixed in any one of the rollers, but the other
two must revolve on the shaft so that either one of the rollers may revolve
independently of the other or the shaft may be headed to keep it in place and all
three rollers be free to revolve on it.
56 represents the carriage rails fixed permanently to the top of the frame and
provided with parallel grooves to receive the V-shaped edges of the rollers 55.
All of these rollers have rolling bearings only at one edge of each.
The rollers 53 bear and roll against the edges of the carriage but do not touch
the side rail 56, while the rollers 55 bear and roll against the said rail but do
not touch the carriage, thus it is evident that if the rollers 55 were to become
stopped as for example by the end stops 57, the carriage might still continue to
run freely on the rollers 53; or if, on the contrary, the rollers 53 were to come in
contact with stops 58 or 59 which are both fixed to the carriage, the carriage
might still continue to travel by the rollers 56 running as freely as ever upon the
rails. The rollers 55 are nearly twice as large as the rollers 53 so that the spaces
between the stops 58 and 59 on the carriage need to be only about half as much
each as the whole travel of the carriage, thus always maintaining rollers at both
ends of the carriage without the necessity of having the rail any longer than the
frame. If it should chance that any one of the rollers reaches an end stop and the
carriage continues to roll upon the other roller on the same shaft, this shaft of
rollers will be started back by the return movement of the carriage the same as if
there was no such stop there, otherwise one of the stops 58 or 59, will engage the
roller 53 and move the shaft bodily along upon the rollers 55, so that whatever
position the rollers may chance to be in, the carriage will move upon them without
friction, and it is impossible that any roller should become locked so as to actually
interrupt or to cause friction to the carriage.
60 represents the spring-wheel for drawing the carriage forward by means of the
connecting-chain 61.
62 is a toothed-disk provided with a hub or sleeve 63, journaled in a bearing 64
of the frame 2, and provided with another hub 65 upon which the spring 66 winds.
This spring is connected at one end with the spring-wheel 60, and at the other end
with the disk 62, the latter being fixed while the former is caused to revolve in one
direction relatively thereto by the chain being drawn off from the wheel, in
returning the carriage, and in the other direction by the action of the spring in
drawing the carriage forward.

page_text: 67 is a spur-wheel journaled in the frame to engage the teeth of the disk 62, and
provided with a knob 68 whereby it may be revolved by a thumb and finger of the
operator, to tighten or loosen the tension of the spring at any time; and 69 is a
washer split at one edge and set out of its natural plane to serve as a spring between
the knob and the frame, whereby sufficient tension is given to the disk 62 to
prevent its being revolved either way by the tension of the carriage-spring 66, and
yet permitting the knob to be readily turned either way when sufficient force is
applied to it to turn the pinion.
70 is a heart-shaped cam mounted on the same shaft with the spring-wheel 60,
and prevented from revolving in one direction by means of a ratchet-wheel 71,
fixed on the face of the cam, and a detent 72 hung to the main frame and adapted
to engage the teeth of the said ratchet.
73 is a
spring pawl pivoted either to the spring-wheel 60 or to the cam 70, to
engage a ratchet-wheel 74 which is fixed to the other of the two, whereby the
rotation of the wheel as the carriage advances in the direction of the work, either
step-by-step or being suddenly drawn forward, causes the cam to be revolved
constantly in one direction, said cam being prevented from revolving in the other
direction by the ratchet-wheel 71 and the detent 72.
75 is a split-washer spring acting between a head 76 on the shaft of the spring-
wheel and the cam, giving sufficient tension to prevent the cam being thrown ahead
by a sudden movement of the carriage.
77 represents the ribbon-spool carriers, rigidly fixed upon the shaft. 78, which is
journaled to rock in the main frame and is provided with a roller 79 to engage the
periphery of the cam 70.
80 is a spring acting against the opposite side of the spool carrier to hold its
roller 79 in engagement with the cam. 81 is a ratchet-wheel fixed upon the spool
shaft 82, and 83 is a pawl pivoted to a brace arm 84 to engage the said ratchet-
wheel. There are two braces 84, one to each spool fixed rigidly upon a shaft 85
which is journaled to rock in the frame in the direction of the spool carrier's cross
movement.
86 represents a pair of ears projecting from the brace 84 at each side of the
ratchet-wheel 81 between which ears the pawl 83 is pivoted so that the brace may
be carried across with the spool-frame and as the brace shaft is at some distance
from the spool-frame shaft every step of advance of the spool-frame causes the
pawl 83 to rotate the ratchet-wheel 81 a little, thus gradually winding the ribbon
upon the spool, but when the spool-carrier recedes towards the cam the pawl 83
drags upon the ratchet and a spring washer 91 on the spool shaft has sufficient
tension to prevent back action of the spool. Thus every stroke of the type by
releasing the carriage to be fed a step by the spring wheel causes the cam to move
the ribbon crosswise and the brace feed advances the ribbon lengthwise a little at
each forward movement of the spool-carrier, thus feeding the ribbon diagonally;
but at each return of the spool-carrier the ribbon is not advanced so that the type
path upon the ribbon is first a diagonal advance then a return square across partly
over the same path, then another diagonal close to the edge of the first one, then
another return square across close to the edge of the preceding one and the ribbon
is twice travelled over in every spot alike at one winding, then on being rewound
onto the first spool the same action is repeated but the diagonals are across the
first ones and it is impossible for the ribbon to be struck on the same spot by two
successive type-blows unless the carriage is forcibly stopped. And as returning
the carriage between lines does not move the ribbon and as it cannot in any case
be moved backwards by the machine the whole surface of the ribbon must do
service and wear out equally.
The brace arms 84 at the opposite ends of the rock-shaft 85 face in opposite
directions and the said shaft is adapted to be slid endwise in its bearings to bring
either one or the other of the said arms into action according as it is desirable to
feed the ribbon to the right or to the left along the machine.
89 represents a spring adapted to engage either one of two grooves in the

page_text: rock-shaft 85 and having sufficient tension to maintain the shaft in either of its
endwise positions.
90 represents a stop-pin or shoulder on the pawl 83 to prevent the same from
being thrown forward out of place by the spring 87 when the said pawl is not in
engagement with its ratchet-wheel.
92 represents a wooden spool which it is intended to place upon the market with
an ink ribbon 93 wound thereon. The spool-shaft 82 at the right hand of the
machine is journaled in one arm 94 of the spool-carrier and is kept in place therein
by means of flanges or shoulders 95. 96 is a portion of the shaft screw-threaded
into the portion 82, its head 97 being adapted to bind against the spool to force it
to revolve therewith, and being further fitted as a journal in the bearing 98 of the
spool carrier. When the ribbon becomes worn out it is only necessary to unscrew
the portion 96 of the shaft, detach the end of the ribbon from the opposite spool
and replace it with a new spool of ribbon and attach the end of the new ribbon to
the opposite or left hand spool which remains on the machine. By this means all
the dirty work of winding new ribbons on machine spools and the consequent
waste of the ribbon ink thereby is avoided, because the ribbon may be used
upon the machine in the act of its first unwinding from the merchantable spool,
the ribbon being wound back and forth to and from the wooden spool until it is
worn out.
99 represents the cylinder which holds the paper to receive the stroke of the
type, mounted to revolve freely upon a shaft 100 which is fixed in the cylinder
frame, the latter comprising the end-beams 101 and longitudinal rods 102 and 103.
This frame is journaled by means of trunnions 104 in open Y-bearings 105 of the
carriage 51, and the ends of the journal shaft 100 are adapted to rest also in
open Y-bearings 106 when the cylinder is in position for service. One side 107 of
the bearings 106 is a segment of a circle concentric with the bearing 105 and
tangent to the upper side of the bearing 106.
108 is a hand-lever projecting from the left hand beam 101, whereby the cylinder
frame may be raised to bring the line which is being printed, up in sight above the
scale 109.
110 is a segmental hook pivoted at 111 in the carriage, its rear end shown by
dotted lines 112 being constantly pressed downward by a spiral spring 113, whose
tension may be increased or diminished by a tension screw 114, whereby the
segmental hook 110 is pressed continually towards the opposite segment 107. This
hook is provided with a notch 115 forming a shoulder by which the shaft 100 is
held with sufficient force by spring 113 acting on the hook-lever, to be kept in place
while in service.
116 is another notch forming a hook at the upper end of the segment 110 to
prevent the cylinder being thrown entirely out of its bearings 105 when raised for
inspecting the work. By pressing the hook 110 forward out of the path of the
shaft 100 the cylinder may be tilted a little further back and be raised with its
frame bodily out of the machine, and other cylinders either harder or softer
may be provided with frames fitted to be mounted interchangeably in the same
bearings.
The horn 117 of the bearing 105, adjacent to the segment 107 projects above a
radial line coinciding with the top of the segment 107, to prevent the trunnions 104
from being thrown upward out of their bearings by any sudden movement until the
shaft 100 is properly released and raised above the segment 107. The rear horn 118
of bearing 105 is extended backward and upward in order to provide a wide open
mount to readily guide the trunnions into place when inserting the cylinder. The
shaft 100 is rigidly fixed to and forms a part of the cylinder frame. The hand-
lever 108 is a rigid portion of the cylinder frame, and lifting upon it raises the
cylinder upon the trunnion bearings 104, but has no tendency to revolve the cylinder
upon its shaft 100. The hook 116 is located in a certain fixed relation to the
trunnions 104, the upper edge of the scale 100 and that line upon the cylinder on
which the type strike, so that when the shaft 100 is raised into engagement with

page_text: As
the said hook the said line of the paper is brought exactly to the upper edge of
the scale, whereby the paper may be adjusted to its proper alignment, and a
pointer 119, fixed to the front rail and located just above the scale, points both at
the spot upon the paper where the next type will strike and at the line upon the
scale indicating the position of that spot relative to the width of the paper.
the carriage passes to and fro the pointer always indicates the exact position of
each type impression next to be made so that the marginal lines may be arranged
relative thereto, regardless of the scale, and as the carriage passes along at work,
the paper constantly in sight relative to this pointer shows when the end of a line
is approaching. The pointer also indicates the exact point at which to insert a
letter regardless of the scale, the only actual service of which is in properly
averaging the location of headings, parts of lines, etc.
120 represents the apron for guiding the paper against the cylinder; and 121
shows two extensions of the apron beneath the cylinder for the same purpose.
122 is a stiff plate forming the backbone of the apron and extending beyond its
ends to be attached to bearings 123 on the end beams 101 of the cylinder, frame.
These bearings are convex curves but the ends of the backbone are flat and provided
with binding screws 124 at each edge whereby the backbone may be rocked upon
the convex bearings to swing the edge of the apron to or from the cylinder and to
fix it at the exact adjustment required relatively thereto, so that the paper
may be guided properly against the cylinder but will not be pinched thereon by
the apron as would be the case if the apron were held toward the cylinder
by a spring.
125 is the pressure roller journaled in arms 126, which are fixed to a rock-
shaft 102, that is journaled in the end beams 101 and provided with a thumb-
lever 128 and a spring 129 which, pressing upward upon the thumb-lever, presses
the roller forward against the cylinder or against one or more interposed sheets of
paper to hold them upon the cylinder and yet in no way resisting the free rotation of
the cylinder and paper. The thumb-lever 128 enables the roller to be pressed away
from the cylinder at any time desired.
130 represents a common paper guide attached to the front rod 103 of the cylinder
frame. 131 is a paper guide peculiar to this machine fixed to the front rail or
other fixture of the frame adjacent to the lower forward quadrant of the cylinder
and of segmental form for guiding the edge of the paper parallel with the cylinder
when inserted, across the space between the front edge of the apron and the common
guide 130. In order to do this the cylinder should be raised just a little by means
of the hand-lever 108 while the paper is being inserted, thus bringing the edge of
the apron to the lower end of guide 131, which guide being located as near the
edge of the cylinder as the guide 130 is, is slotted vertically midway to
permit the said guide 130 to pass in between its two sides when the cylinder
is returned downward to its normal position. This guide 131 insures the
passage of narrow paper cards, envelopes, etc., to their proper position beneath
guide 130.
132 represents the feed-rack, firmly fixed to the carriage, with its teeth
downward. 133 is a detent pivoted to a bracket 134 fixed to the rail 56 or
other fixture of the frame. This detent is pressed normally into engage-
ment with the rack by a spring 135 to hold the carriage still while not in
service.
136 is a sleeve journaled to oscillate upon a pin fixed in the same bracket and
provided with an arm 137 which is connected by means of a rod 138 with the
spacing-lever 139, which is provided with a bar extending beneath and against
the rear braces 28 of all the key draw-bars.
141 is a spring connected with the arm 137 and provided with a tension
screw 142 and an adjusting nut 143 whereby the tension upon the keys and
spacer may be regulated independently of the balancing spring which lifts each
draw-bar.

page_text: The screw 142 is squared enough to engage a square hole in the hanger 144 to
prevent the screw being turned by the nut.
145 is a wiper or cam extending to the right from the sleeve 136 to engage an
arm 146 of the detent 133. 147 is another detent hung upon the same pivot 148 as
the detent 133, with its edge slightly ahead of the edge of detent 133 in the direction
of the advancing carriage.
149 is a cam extending to the left from the sleeve 136 and shaped so as to bear
constantly between two arms 150 of the detent 147. At every movement of the
key or spacing-lever the rod 138 raises the arm 137 and rocks the sleeve disengaging
the detent 133, and at the same time engaging the detent 147 with the same tooth
of the rack so that the stroke of the type takes place when the rack is held
still by detent 147 and when the key is released the spring 135 restores the rock-
shaft and detent 147 to their normal positions, while detent 133 is permitted to
be sprung up into engagement with the next tooth. Thus the carriage when at
rest is always in position to receive the next type stroke as indicated by the fixed
pointer.
The detents 133 and 147 being hung by long arms upon pivots in the line of the
carriage-feed and close up to the rack their motion into and out of the teeth is so
direct that the carriage need not be pushed even a half-tooth space beyond the
desired point in order to be engaged and retained at that point. This is a matter
of great convenience in locating corrections etc. 151 is a latch pivoted at 153 in the
bracket 134, and held constantly upward by means of a spring 152 with its end in
the path of a lug 154, which is fixed to slide upon a rib 155 that is secured to the
rear side of the feed-rack and held a little distance therefrom by means of stud
screws 156. The lug has a downward projection 157 forwardly inclined and
having an abrupt shoulder on its rear side to engage latch 151 when the carriage is
moved back, thus stopping the carriage at the margin of the paper. This marginal
line is located by fixing the lug in a position corresponding to any desired letter
space, by means of a set-screw 158 having a conical point adapted to engage any
one of a series of holes 159 in the rear face of the rib 155, these holes being exact
letter spaces apart.
160 is a shifter-bar having its smooth lower edge a very little below the face of
the rack-teeth to slide upon the latch 151 to prevent it from touching the rack-
teeth.
This bar is perforated with diagonal slots 161 by means of which it is mounted
upon the stud screws 156 between the rib 155 and the rack.
162 is a spring acting upon the shifter-bar to press it upward in the direction
parallel with its slots and away from the detents.
163 is a lever pivoted to the .carriage at 164 and resting its rear end upon the
shifter-bar 160, and provided at its forward end with a finger piece 165 opposed by
a thumb piece 166 which is fixed to the carriage so that the operator by taking
these pieces between his thumb and finger and pressing them together bears the
shifter-bar 160 downward upon the detent 133 and the latch 151 moving the former
out of engagement with the rack and the latter out of the path of the marginal
stop-lug, so that the carriage is set free to be moved either backward or forward
any required distance by the very act of taking hold of these latches by
which the carriage is moved. The latch 151 has an upward inclined off-
set 167 to engage the shifter-bar 160 while its main top 168 is low enough to pass
under the body of the lug 154 into the path of the downward projection 157.
169 is the bell, 170 its hammer pivoted at 171 to the rail and provided with a
latch 172 which is pivoted to the forward end of the hammer-lever and provided
with a rearward projecting leaf 173 slanting toward the pivot 171 in the path of a
pin 174 which projects inward from the alarm lug 175, and the latter is fitted to
slide upon the rib 15 and provided with a pointed set-screw 176 adapted to engage
the holes 159, whereby this lug may be set to sound the alarm bell at any point
in the movement of the carriage. As the carriage passes forward the alarm-

page_text: pin 174 pressing forward upon the upper side of the leaf 173 presses that
end of the hammer lever downward and raises the hammer until the pin passes
over the said leaf when the hammer is released and dropping against the bell sounds
the alarm.
When the carriage is moved backward the alarm-pin 174 passes beneath the
leaf 173 which being free to rise upward on its pivotal attachment to the hammer-
lever is lifted out of the path by the pin, permitting the latter to pass without
effecting the bell hammer.
177 is a shoulder formed in the alarm lug 175 to engage an arm 178 on sleeve 136
which prevents the sleeve arm 137 being raised, and thereby prevents any key,
including the spacing-lever, from being operated, thus the alarm lug acts as a
positive stop to the machine, so that it is impossible for the operator to strike a
number of letters upon the same space at the end of a line, and as the keys
cannot be operated at all the operator is notified that the end of the line
is reached. The relation of the parts of the alarm and stopping device is
such that the alarm is always sounded five spaces before the end of a line is
reached.
179 represents a ratchet-wheel of radial teeth secured to the end of the cylinder
and engaged by a spring detent 180 which is secured to the cylinder-frame and has
a point so wedge-shaped as to retain the cylinder in position by friction upon the
teeth while bearing between them, and yet it does not prevent the cylinder from
being rolled either forward or backward by the operator's fingers pressing anywhere
upon the surface of the cylinder.
181 is the line spacing-lever consisting of a hand-lever pivoted to the carriage
at 182.
183 is a pawl pivoted at its lower end to the spacing lever and adapted to
engage its point with the cylinder teeth 179 whenever the hand-lever is raised, the
pawl being so balanced on its pivot as to swing naturally toward the said teeth, but
being held disengaged from the teeth when the spacing lever is down, by its lower
end or chain resting upon a fixed shelf 184, as shown in the Fig. XXV in full lines
its position in service being shown in dotted lines.
185 is an arm projecting from the pawl to engage stops 186, 187 upon the stop
lug which is pivoted to the carriage at 188 and provided with an arm 189 whereby
the stop lug may be turned upon its pivot to bring either the stop 187 or 186
into the path of the pawl arm 185, and the pawl is stopped in its movement so as to
revolve the cylinder either one tooth or two teeth at a time, the spaces between
the teeth corresponding to the line spaces of the ratchet. When the arm 185
engages either lug the point of the pawl being upon the same side of the center
as the said arm, is very firmly pressed into the notch between the teeth so that it
is impossible to throw the cylinder ahead of the pawl so as to revolve the cylinder
more tooth spaces than the stop lug is set for. The instant the spacing-lever is
dropped by the operator, the pawl drags backward over the teeth in the usual
manner, but when its chin comes in contact with shelf 184 the point is thrown out
of engagement and held entirely free from the ratchet-wheel, so that whenever the
operator desires to revolve the cylinder either way he may take hold of the cylinder
at any point and revolve it or he may press his finger upon the paper, holding that
down upon the cylinder, and thereby revolve the cylinder without previously
touching or releasing any detent or other device. The shelf 184 is herein shown
as projecting from the arm 189 but it might as well be a solid lug cast upon the
carriage.
190 represents the type-cleaning brush, pivoted at 191 to a removable frame 192
which comprises the disk 193 provided with a shoulder journaled to fit. a. circular
bearing in the top plate 43 of the machine; a depending arm 194, and a crank
arm 195. The knob 196 is circular and corrugated or ruffled on its lower face
and fitted to revolve upon the crank wrist.
197 is a lever pivoted at 198 to the crank and connected by means of a rod 199
with the brush at a little distance from the pivot thereof. The brush hangs at the
B

page_text: height to engage the faces of all the types when they are hanging down at rest,
the brush being revolved by turning the crank.
The only engagement with the underside of the plate 43 is by means of the off-set
or shoulder 200 so that the crank may be lowered or raised a little while being
revolved to press the brush more or less firmly against the faces of the type, all
parts of the brush frame being stiff enough to retain their position in service, but
the bristles of the brush are of course sufficiently yielding to adapt themselves to
the faces of the type and whether the brush be revolved one way or the other the
bristles at the pivot end will drag directly across the faces of the type while
the other end of the brush being kept constantly vibrating or reciprocating up
and down by means of the ruffled-knob held firmly in the hand while the crank
revolves, the bristles along the body of the brush will drag across the type at
constantly varying upward and downward angles so that the spaces within the
letters are quickly cleaned. This brush can only be used with a machine having
a top plate corresponding to the plate 43, projecting inward and beyond the type
hangers, and formed as a circular bearing for the disk 193 to revolve in. But it
is possible that a removable bearing plate might be adapted to other machines so
that this brush might be used therewith. Some of the advantages of this brush
would be attained if the brush were hung stiffly to its frame and the vibrating
mechanism dispensed with, though we prefer the complete device as hereinbefore
described because its operation is quicker and more effective than a non-vibrating
brush could be.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim as our invention is :
1. The combination of a typewriter key-button dish-shaped in its under side and
having lugs projecting within the circle of the dish and a key stem head of thin
metal having wings shaped to enter the said dish between the lugs, and chisel-
edged on their radial edges, substantially as described, whereby the said wings may
be forcibly turned into the said lugs to secure the knob removably upon the
stem head.
2. The combination of a dish-shaped key-button having lugs projecting within
the circle of the dish and a stem-head having wings to engage the said dish
and lugs, the wings having sharp wedge shaped radial edges whereby the head will
be forced firmly to the bottom of the disk as described.
3. The combination of the crank-rocker lever having a pivoted stud secured to
it and further having a hook-shaped off-set extending in the direction of, but not
to the said stud, and a key stem having a pivot hole at some distance from its end
to engage the said stud whereby the stem will be held upon the stud in working
position but may be readily removed over the said hook by turning the former to
one side.
4. The combination of a long spacing key secured midway upon an arm having a
T-shaped head, the cross of the T being in the same direction as the length of
the key, and bearings having fixed connection with the machine frame and
pivotally connected with the arms of the said T-shaped head, substantially as
described.
5. The combination of a trough-shaped draw-bar or a draw-bar U-shaped in
cross section made of flexible material and having a pivot or stud riveted firmly to
one of its sides and extending across the trough and through the other side, and a
brace or similar connection adapted to engage the said stud, substantially as
described.
6. The combination of trough or U-shaped bar of flexible material having a stud
secured to one of its sides and passing across the trough through the other side and
a connection perforated to engage the said stud, substantially as described, whereby
the sides of the trough may be sprung apart to admit the said connection upon the

page_text: stud and then be closed so that the free end of the stud will be supported in the
free side of the trough.
7. The combination of a top plate fixed to the machine frame and having a short
radial slot through it; a type arm slotted in its upper side; a hanger block fitting
along said arm within the slot and a screw adapted to pass through the said radial
slot in the plate and bind the hanger block thereto, substantially as described.
8. The combination of a slotted top-plate; a slotted type arm; and a hanger
block provided with a binding screw to engage a slot in said plate, and adapted to
swing from side to side upon said screw and to slide radially therewith and to
be rigidly bound to the plate thereby as described.
9. The combination of a connecting-rod screw-threaded at one end and bent and
pointed at the other end to form a pivot, and a sleeve fitted to slide upon the said
rod and having a spring arm indented or perforated to engage the said pivot,
substantially as described.
10. The combination of a connecting-rod adapted at one end to revolve in its
bearing and provided with a lateral pivot at the other end, and a sleeve fitted to
slide upon said rod and having an arm to extend over the end of said pivot,
substantially as described.
11. The combination of a carriage having V-shaped parallel edges; a pair of
fixed rails having each one or more grooves; and three or more sets of rollers, each
set comprising three rollers journaled to revolve independently of cach other upon
a travelling shaft, the middle roller of each set adapted to roll upon the edge of the
carriage without touching the rail and the end rollers of each set adapted to roll
upon the rail without touching the carriage, substantially as described.
12. The combination of a carriage V-shaped or grooved along its parallel edges;
rollers to fit the said vees or grooves; a pair of rails grooved or V-shaped on their
adjacent sides and located at the sides of the carriage; and rollers fitted to the said
grooves or V-shapes and mounted upon the same journals as the first named rollers
in groups of three therewith; each roller being free to revolve independently of the
others, and each roller fitted to roll upon one of the opposite members, the carriage
or a rail without touching the other member, substantially as described.
13. The combination of a carriage having V-shaped edges; rollers shaped to fit
the said edges; side rails having each two grooves or V-shaped ribs; rollers
shaped to fit said grooves or ribs and mounted upon the same shafts as the
first named rollers, three rollers upon each shaft; a stop at the end of each rail in
the path of the rollers; and pairs of steps located on the edges of the carriage in
the path of the rollers which fit the same; the rollers which engage the carriage
being smaller than the rollers which engage the rails and the pairs of stops being
located much nearer together upon the carriage than upon the rails, whereby the
rollers will be prevented from all gathering at one end of the machine and whereby
any roller will be returned to its proper paths whenever it chances to meet an
end stop.
14. The combination of a carriage grooved or V-shaped as a rollway at its edge;
a rail beside the carriage and grooved or V-shaped as a rollway at its adjacent
edge, and three rollers mounted independently of each other upon the same shaft ;
two of the said rollers fitted to roll upon one of the said rollways and not touch the
other, and the third roller fitted to roll upon the said other without touching the
first, substantially as described.
15. The combination of three rollers mounted upon a travelling shaft and
adapted to roll independently of each other on and between adjacent rollways,
substantially as described.
16. The combination of a toothed disk mounted on a journal; a wheel mounted
on the same journal beside the disk and adapted to wind up a carriage-feeding
chain; a winding spring attached at one end to the said wheel and at the other end
to the disk; and a pinion journaled in a fixture of the frame to engage the teeth of
the said disk and provided with a handle whereby it may be actuated to wind or

page_text: unwind the said spring at any time without interrupting the service of the
feeding-wheel.
こ
17. The combination of a carriage-feeding wheel and a toothed disk mounted
upon the same shaft; a feeding spring attached to the wheel and disk; a pinion
journaled to engage the disk teeth and a tension spring acting between the pinion
and a fixture of the frame whereby the pinion may resist the strain of the carriage
feeding-spring as described.
18. The combination of a toothed disk having a hub journaled in the frame;
a shaft journaled concentrically within the hub; a chain-winding wheel journaled
upon the said shaft; a cam also journaled upon the same shaft, and connections
between it and the chain-wheel and between it and the ribbon-carrier; and a
tension spring acting between the said shaft and cam, substantially as described.
19. The combination of a carriage chain-wheel; a heart shaped cam mounted
freely upon the wheel shaft and having a ratchet-wheel fixed to its outer face;
a detent hung to the frame to engage the said ratchet-wheel; a pawl and ratchet-
wheel connection between the chain-wheel and the cam and connections between
the cam and spool frame whereby the latter is moved crosswise of the line of the
ribbon.
20. The combination of a pair of ribbon-spool carriers rigidly fixed upon a shaft
journaled to rock in the frame; a heart-shaped cam mounted freely on a shaft ;
a roller upon one side of the spool carrier to engage the cam and a spring acting
against the opposite side of the carrier pressing it to engage the cam; and means
substantially as described for revolving the cam in one direction only.
21. The combination of a spool-carrier mounted for transverse movement and
provided with a friction roller or bearing point at one side and a spring at the
other; and a heart-shaped cam adapted to engage the said roller or bearing point
substantially as described whereby dead centers are avoided and the movement of
the carrier rendered even.
22. The combination of a spool-carrier mounted for transverse movement and
provided with a ratchet-wheel on its shaft; a brace fixed to a shaft journaled in the
frame to rock in the direction of the spool's cross movement; a pawl hung on the
brace to engage the ratchet-wheel, and ears of the brace extending at both sides of
the ratchet-wheel whereby the brace and pawl are caused to move in unison with
the spool-carrier.
23. The combination of a spool-carrier mounted for transverse movement and
provided with a ratchet-wheel on its shaft; a brace fixed to a shaft journaled
in the frame to rock in the direction of the spool's cross movement; a pawl. hung
on the brace to engage the ratchet-wheel, and ears of the brace extending both
sides of the ratchet-wheel beyond the end of the pawl whereby the brace will
continue in engagement with the ratchet-wheel when its body is drawn far enough
away to disengage the pawl.
24. The combination of a spool having a ratchet-wheel upon its shaft; a brace,
and a pawl hung thereon to engage the said wheel, the brace adapted to be moved
for carrying the pawl out of engagement, and a pin or shoulder upon the pawl
limiting its forward movement when disengaged, substantially as described.
25. The combination of two ribbon spools at the opposite ends of a machine and
provided with ratchet-wheels whose teeth face in opposite directions; a pair
of braces fixed upon a rock-shaft journaled to rock and to slide end wise in the frame,
and carrying pawls to engage the said ratchet-wheels respectively; and means
substantially as described for retaining the rock-shaft and its appendages in either
of its endwise positions.
26. The combination of a typewriter-spool carrier and a separable spool-shaft
journaled therein, substantially as described.
27. The combination of a typewriter spool-shaft made in two separable parts and
one of them journaled irremovably in a bearing, substantially as described.
28. The combination of a spool-frame or carrier; a spool-shaft in two separable

page_text: parts; one of the said parts being journaled irremovably in one bearing of the
carrier, and the other part fitted to engage the first part, and journaled to revolve
in the other bearing of the carrier and to slide endwise freely out of it when
disengaged as described.
29. The combination of a spool frame or carrier having journal bearings in its two
sides; a separable shaft having one of its parts journaled irremovably in one of the
said bearings and the other part having a body adapted to pass through a spool and
a head adapted to bind the spool to the irremovable portion of the shaft to be
revolved therewith, substantially as described.
30. The combination of a spool frame or carrier having two journal bearings; a
separable shaft having one of its parts journaled irremovably in one of the said
bearings; the other part having a body adapted to pass through a spool and a head
to bind the spool the said head being fitted as a journal in the other of the carrier
bearings, substantially as described.
31. The combination of a typewriting machine spool shaft; means for revolving
the same in coaction with the machine and means for removably attaching a ribbon
spool to the said shaft, substantially as described.
32. The combination in a typewriting machine, of a rotary spool-shaft and means
for removably attaching a spool to be revolved therewith, substantially as
described.
33. The combination in a typewriting machine of a rotary spool-shaft; a
commercial spool of inked ribbon fitted to said shaft to revolve therewith; and
means for removably securing the spool to the shaft, substantially as described.
34. The combination of a typewriter impression-cylinder journaled upon a shaft ;
a frame comprising end beams and longitudinal rods; in which frame the cylinder-
shaft is fixed to project beyond the beams, the said frame being provided with
trunnions above and to the rear of the cylinder-shaft, and open Y-shaped bearings in
the carriage to receive the said shaft and trunnions, substantially as described.
35. The combination of a typewriter carriage having two bearings at each end,
and a cylinder carriage having a shaft and a trunnion projecting at each end to
removably engage the said bearings, substantially as described.
36. The combination of a carriage having an open Y-shaped bearing at each end,
also having a second bearing below each of the first-named bearings, one side of
each second bearing being formed as a segment of a circle concentric with the first
named bearings and rising somewhat above said first bearings, and a cylinder-frame
having shaft or trunnions to engage the said bearings, substantially as described.
37. The combination of a carriage formed with a pair of Y-shaped bearings, and
with a second pair of bearings having a segmental side concentric with the first ;
and a segmental hook pivoted to the carriage and having a notch forming a shoulder
adjacent to one of the second bearings and a spring acting upon the said hook
whereby a cylinder carriage having two pairs of trunnions or shafts may be removably
supported, substantially as described.
38. The combination of a carriage having two pairs of open bearings; a cylinder-
frame having shafts or trunnions to fit removably therein; and a hook of segmental
form pivoted to the carriage, the upper end of the hook being adapted to prevent
the removal of the cylinder-frame, substantially as described.
39. The combination of a carriage having two pairs of open bearings; a cylinder-
frame provided with trunnions or shafts to fit therein; a segmental hook having a
lever arm pivoted to the carriage; a spring to engage the said arm and a tension
screw for said spring, substantially as described..
40. The combination of a carriage having one pair of open bearings and a second
pair of bearings with a segmental side concentric with the first; and a cylinder-
frame having trunnions or shafts to engage the said bearings, that horn of each of
the first named bearings adjacent to the said segment projecting above a radial line
which coincides with the top of the segment, substantially as described.
41. The combination of a cylinder-frame having end beams provided with curved
convex bearing surfaces and an apron having arms plane upon one side to engage

page_text: the said surfaces, and binding-screws at each edge of said arms whereby they may
be rocked upon and fixed to the bearings, substantially as described.
42. The combination of a cylinder-frame and an apron; the bearings between
the apron and frame having one curved side, and binding-screws whereby the apron
may be rocked upon the bearings and adjustably fixed thereto, substantially as
described.
43. The combination of a cylinder journaled in a frame; a rock-shaft journaled
in the same frame and provided with arms one of which extends forward as a thumb-
lever; a pressure roller journaled in the said arms, and a spring acting on the
thumb-lever to press the roller upon the cylinder, substantially as described.
44. The combination of a cylinder-frame adapted to be turned up for inspecting
its under side or paper thereon, and a paper guide fixed to the frame adjacent to the
lower forward quadrant of the cylinder and of segmental form nearly parallel with
the cylinder when in service, substantially as described.
45. The combination of a cylinder-frame adapted to be turned up for inspection;
a paper guide fixed on the cylinder-frame, and another paper guide fixed to the
machine-frame adjacent to the lower forward quadrant of the cylinder and slotted
midway as a passage-way for the first-named guide, substantially as described.
46. A carriage escapement comprising a rack upon the carriage, with downward
facing teeth; two detents, one a little ahead of the other pivoted to the frame and
lying in the direction of and close up to the rack and provided with rearward arms;
a spring impelling the rear detent into engagement with the rack; a sleeve journaled
in a fixture of the frame and provided with a forward projecting arm adapted to
engage in arm of the spring detent, and further provided with a rearward projecting
wiper or cam to engage the forward detent, and means for rocking the sleeve at each
stroke of a spacer or type, whereby the spring detent will be released and the
forward detent be pushed up to engage the same tooth, and upon releasing the
spacer type-key the forward detent is withdrawn from engagement and the rear
detent is permitted to spring into engagement with the next tooth, substantially as
described.
47. The combination of a feed-rack; two detents pivoted to engage the same one
ahead of the other; a sleeve having cams to engage the two detents, also having an
arm engaged by an adjustable spring, and connected with the spacing keys,
substantially as described.
48. The combination of an escapement sleeve provided with cams and an arm; a
spring attached at one end to said arm; a square or flat-sided screw passing freely
through a similarly shaped hole in a hanger and connected with the other end of
the spring, and a nut upon the screw, substantially as described.
49. The combination of a carriage; a rib fixed thereto and having holes in it
corresponding with letter spaces; a lug fitted to slide upon the rib and provided
with a screw to engage any one of the said holes; and having a downward projection
with an abrupt rear shoulder and a forward incline; a latch pivoted to a bracket
and a spring impelling it into the path of the said lug, substantially as described.
50. The combination of a carriage having a feed-rack; a detent impelled
continually to engage said rack; a shifter-bar having a smooth edge adjacent to
the detent and perforated with diagonal slots adapted to engage screws or studs in
the carriage; a spring impelling the shifter-bar away from the detent, and a
finger lever pivoted to the carriage to engage the shifter-bar, substantially as
described.
51. The combination of a carriage; a marginal stop lug attached adjustably to
the carriage; a latch pivoted to a bracket to engage the said lug; a diagonally
slotted bar attached to the carriage by means of screws in said slots; a lifting
spring for the shifter-bar and a finger lever adapted to engage the said bar, sub-
stantially as described.
52. The combination of a carriage having a feed-rack; a stop lug adjustably
fixed to the carriage; a spring latch pivoted to a bracket and having one portion
of its free end normally in the path of the said lug and another portion in line of

page_text: said detent; a shifter-bar hung to engage both the latch and detent and means for
operating the same, substantially as described, whereby the thumb and finger of the
operator in grasping the carriage at the point to slide it to and fro will set the
carriage free by the same act.
53. The combination of a pair of fixed pins or studs; a shifter-bar having
diagonal slots to engage the same whereby its ends will be guided to rise and fall
together from force applied at but one end; means for operating the bar, and a
detent or latch to be disengaged thereby, substantially as described.
54. A typewriter shifter-bar having diagonal slide-ways near its ends, sub-
stantially as described.
55. The combination of a bell hammer having a lever pivoted midway upon the
frame with an arm extending above the pivot; a latch pivotally hung by one end
to the said arm and having a leaf slanting backwards from the pivot; and a stud
or pin projecting from an attachment of the carriage in line of the said leaf, sub-
stantially as described.
56. The combination of a bell hammer having a lever arm pivoted midway; a
latch pivoted to the end of the lever arm and provided with a leaf slanting back-
ward therefrom; and a lug adjustably attached to the carriage and having a pin
projecting so as to engage the upper side of the said leaf to ring the bell in
advancing and to engage the lower side and raise the leaf out of its path in
returning, substantially as described.
57. The combination of a feed detent-operating rock-sleeve having a projecting
arm adapted to move at each step of the carriage feed, and a lug adjustably
attached to the carriage and having a portion fitted to engage the said rock-sleeve
arm and stop its movement, substantially as described.
58. The combination of a toothed feed-rack; a spring detent normally engaging
the rack; a device adapted to be moved to disengage said detent from the rack by
each stroke of a key, and a lug adjustably fixed to the attachment of the carriage
to travel therewith into the path of the said moving device, substantially as
described, whereby the movement of the disengaging device will be interrupted to
stop the machine at a prearranged point.
59. The combination of a toothed-rack; a spring detent normally engaging the
same; a device adapted to communicate motion from the keys to disengage the
said detent from the rack; an alarm bell, and a lug adjustably attached to a
portion of the carriage and adapted to trip the alarm device and afterwards to
interrupt the action of the said communicating device, substantially as described,
whereby the alarm will be sounded at a fixed number of spaces before the machine is
stopped.
60. The combination of a paper-carrying cylinder having a ratchet-wheel
attached to one end; a spring detent to engage the teeth of the wheel; a line
spacing-lever pivoted to the carriage; a pawl pivoted to the lever with its weight
on the side of the pivot to tip it into engagement with the said ratchet; a chin
upon the pawl at its weighted side and a shelf fixed at the rear end of the path of
the pawl to engage the said chin, whereby the pawl is normally held wholly dis-
engaged from the ratchet, substantially as described.
61. The combination of a toothed cylinder; a line spacing lever; a pawl pivoted
thereon to engage said teeth and having an arm projecting on the same side of the
pivot as its point; and a stop lug adapted to engage said arm, whereby the pawl is
stopped in its forward movement and at the same time is rigidly forced into engage-
ment with the teeth to hold the cylinder from being thrown past the stop,
substantially as described.
62. The combination of a ratchet-wheel; a pawl mounted to engage and revolve
the same and a stop lug adapted to pitch the pawl firmly into the ratchet in the act
of stopping the pawl, substantially as described.
63. The combination of a ratchet-wheel; a pawl mounted to engage and
revolve the same, and a shelf fixed in the path of a portion of the pawl,

page_text: substantially as described, whereby the pawl is held normally disengaged from the
ratchet.
64. The combination of a ratchet-toothed cylinder; a pawl mounted to revolve
the same and having a forward projecting arm; and a pivoted stop having two lugs
and a lever arm substantially as described, whereby either of the stops may be set
into the path of the pawl arm.
65. The combination of a ratchet-toothed cylinder; a pawl mounted to revolve
the same; and a pivoted stop having two lugs and a lever arm whereby the stop
may be turned to bring either lug into the path of the pawl, the said arm being
formed also as a shelf on which the pawl normally rests and by which it is held
disengaged, substantially as described.
66. The combination of a typewriting machine top plate extending inward from
the type hangers and having a central circular aperture as a bearing, and a brush
mounted on a frame having a journaled shoulder to removably engage the said
plate bearing, and further having a handle above the bearing, the brush extending
below the bearing in position to engage the type faces when in their normal circle
of rest substantially as described.
67. The combination of a circular apertured top bearing plate, and a brush
mounted on a frame having a journaled shoulder to fit the said bearing and further
having a handle above the said bearing whereby the brush may be revolved,
substantially as described.
68. The combination of a brush frame; a bearing in a typewriter machine for the
same to revolve in; a brush pivoted near one end to the said frame; a crank handle
for the frame; a knob journaled upon the crank and having a ruffled edge, and
connections between the brush and ruffled edge, substantially as described, whereby
a vibrating motion is communicated to the brush by revolving the same with the
crank.
69. The combination of a brush frame; a bearing in' a typewriter for the same
to revolve in a brush mounted in said frame for vertical movement; a crank
handle to the frame; a knob journaled upen the crank and having a ruffled edge,
and connections between said ruffled edge and brush, substantially as described,
whereby a vertically reciprocating motion is given to the brush by revolving it with
the crank.
70. The combination of a typewriter top plate having a central circular open
bearing a brush frame having a disk provided with a shoulder journaled to fit the
said bearing, and further having a shoulder at one edge to engage the under side
of the plate, a brush hung to a downward arm and a crank handle upon said frame
above the bearing whereby the brush may be revolved with more or less pressure
against the type faces, substantially as described.
71. The combination of a spool having a ratchet-wheel upon its shaft; and a
brace having a pawl to engage the said wheel, the brace being adapted to be
moved to carry the pawl out of engagement, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of January 1891.
CHARLES M. CLINTON.
DWIGHT MCINTIRE.
LEROY H. SMITH.
JAMES MCNAMARA.
GEORGE LIVERMORE.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.