A COMBINATION OF IMPROVED METHOD, APPARATUS, AND RECEPTACLES FOR STORING, PRESERVING, TRANSFERRING, AND DISCHARGING CERTAIN FLUIDS FOR SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE PUR- POSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Alexander William Westley, of No. 72,
Camden Road, Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Doctor
of Medicine, for the Invention of "A COMBINATION OF IMPROVED METHOD,
APPARATUS, AND RECEPTACLES FOR STORING, PRESERVING, TRANSFERRING,
AND DISCHARGING CERTAIN FLUIDS FOR SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE PUR-
POSES." A communication from abroad by Henry Pinkus, of Boulogne,
France.
Sealed the 9th February 1866, and dated the 14th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Alexander William
Westley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th August 1865.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER WILLIAM WESTLEY, of No. 72, Camden Road,
Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINATION OF IMPROVED
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND RECEPTACLES FOR STORING, PRESERVING, TRANSFERRING,
AND DISCHARGING CERTAIN FLUIDS FOR SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE PURPOSES," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the methods adopted in the formation of such
receptacles as tanks, whether of tinned iron, wood, or other materials, com-
bined with apparatus suitable for the application thereto, of bydrostatic,

page_text: pneumatic, or hydraulic forces, and any of these combined therewith, affording
the means of storing, discharging, or transferring fluids from one reservoi
or tank to another of the same or other kinds, when situate in the same, or on
higher or lower levels, without recourse to the ordinary means of or necessity
for pumping, and by such method preserving such fluids while in the tanks or
reservoirs, or whilst being transferred or discharged, from excessive agitation
in the body of the fluid, or from contact with the atmosphere or water,
whereby some of such fluids become deteriorated and others dangerous. The
fluids principally to be thus stored, preserved, and acted upon are wines, malt
liquors, certain spirits, fluid drugs, essential and other oils, some of which
fluids have an affinity for oxygen, absorb it from the atmosphere or water,
and from acids therein, whilst certain others, such as naptha or petroleum,
thus generate or diffuse explosive gases or detonating vapour. To avoid,
therefore, such deleterious and dangerous effects for the several objects and
uses herein mentioned, I for some applications construct a cylindrical tank,
of any required dimensions, varied in its attached, apparatus according to its
particular use, of tinned iron, wood, or other materials, having in one form a
moveable head that may be attached by a hinge joint, or lifted off and
replaced; or with a permanent head, on which there is a manhole for access
to the interior of the tank. On the middle part of the depth of the tank
there is formed a rabbet around the interior of the circle, into which is fitted
a tinned iron hoop for making a packed or water-tight joint that may be
fastened from the outside or on the inside of the tank. On the bottom of the
lower head or base of the tank there is a projecting bowl with a mouth-piece,
having a female screw to attach it to a tap with male screw for drawing off
residuum. On the lower side end there is a discharge cock, having also a
vent closed by a screw cap, to which may be attached by a union joint a
flexible india-rubber tube for filling the tank. For the purpose of transferring
fluids from one tank to another, or to a higher level, there is outside of the
tank a wrought-iron water or air pipe permanently attached, the lower end of
which passes through the side to the interior of the tank, below the head of a
diaphragm, whilst the upper end is made to join with a continuing pipe for
any required height above the tank. A similar pipe is applied on the same
or opposite side of the tank, with 'ingress to the tank above the head of the
Hoating diaphragm herein-after mentioned, and is furnished with an intersect-
ing watercock above, and is thence extended to the base of the tank as a
waste pipe, where there is also an intersecting cock. The pipe is thus made
also a supply water pressure by connecting it by a branch pipe with a
common or service pipe of a tenement, through which water. is supplied from a
3.

page_text: high-pressure main or an elevated tank. On the interior of this tank I form
and combine with it a flexible, cylindrical, expanding, and collapsing
diaphragm, with materials impervious to water or air (and similar to the
collapsing and expanding diaphragm applied in a tank, as contained and
shewn in a Patent granted to the said Henry Pinkus, dated the 26th August
1839, for receiving or holding material and discharging it by atmospheric
pressure without contact with air), and having a solid floating head or disc,
whose diameter is nearly equal to the interior diameter of the tank, and is
fitted with a manhole or cover, on which is fixed a two-way cock for admission
of water to the interior of the head, and with union screw for connection
with a flexible india-rubber tube for filling the tank or distending the head.
On the vertical head of the tank I form and fix a wrought-iron standard, in
the apex of which is an aperture, and through which an iron screw rod, equal
to the length of the tank, may be passed, the lower end of the rod being
attached to the floating head of the diaphragm for the purpose of lifting it by
a winch; or, in lieu of an iron rod, a pitched chain may pass over a pulley
with ratchet fixed on the apex of the standard, or on the head of the tank,
and may be lifted by a weight on the end of the chain; a ratchet spanner
with bevel wheel and lever may be applied to lift the head. The length of
the cylindrical diaphragm and head is, by one application, equal to half the
length of the tank, and by the other equal to the length of the tank and its
diameter; the end of it opposite to the head is fastened by the said hoop
into the said groove in the tank, or by the other on the lower end of the
tank, which makes it impervious under bydrostatic or pneumatic pressure
herein described. The cylindrical part of it is formed of two or three surfaces
of well tanned leather or prepared felt, or flexible leather cemented together,
and faced or plated on both sides with caotchouc so as to be impervious.
This part of the diaphragm is varied in construction for some applications,
and is made-to-expand-vertically and horizontally from the solid head, and
form a series of flattened rings, the larger diameters, of which expand, whilst
the smaller simultaneously contract; and a flexible expanding diaphragm
suitable for some fluids may be applied to the said tank, whether cylindrical
or curved, by forming a water-tight packing on the circumference of the said
floating head only, for which purpose a circular groove in and around the
periphery of said floating head is made, into which a flexible water-tight
tubular ring of india-rubber is inserted and attached in the groove, and having
a branch tube through the head, on which said union screw and flexible tube
is attached for filling the ring and distending it with water, and giving it a
a head of water for pressure, so as to expand it and press the outer side of

page_text: the ring against the inside of the cylindrical tank, and so form a removeable air-
tight joint. For some fluids a metal dish or pouch may be made in the head
of the diaphragm, into which a closed pan containing hot water may be
placed to heighten the temperature of the fluid, or ice may be placed in the
said dish to lower the temperature. For some uses, herein-after stated, parts
of the apparatus combined with the tank herein first described, and the parts
for lifting the said head or depressing it, may be dispensed with, and the
same may be varied for special uses by hand apparatus. Two such tanks or
receptacles may be united for reciprocal action by a flexible tube. of any
length, furnished with union screw joints, or a syphon tube may be attached
at one end of the flexible tube for emptying or filling a common receptacle,
whether both be on the same level, or either be on a higher or lower level, as
for example, fluids may be passed from carts or waggons in the streets to
tanks in cellars, or to storing tanks situate on the second or third floors,
without moving casks from cars into dwelling or storehouses, or from store-
houses to tanks or carts or waggons in streets. To and between the said
tanks so situate there is connected flexible pipes opening communication to
the interior or preserving parts of the said tanks, or in some cases between
the exposed parts for fluid pressure, and without the necessity of pumping, and
so agitating the fluids or permitting the atmosphere or water to come into
contact, whereby some fluids are deteriorated, and others, such as essential
oils or drugs, are rendered dangerous by the generation of gases or detonating
vapours.
The operations by the aforesaid combination of method, receptacles, and
apparatus, and the application therewith of the hydrostatic or pneumatic
forces aforesaid, and forming bydraulic communication, transference, and dis-
charge, the objects are to enable one element or fluid to act in conjunction with
any other in the same receptacle without absolute contact; therefore either of
the forms of moveable diaphragm allows of the flow or ebb of the fluids to have
preserving storage and change of place without deterioration in quality or
danger in handling. Thus, to enable a material to flow from one receptacle
to another without contact of air or water, the two-way cock on the head of
the tank admits water by one of the said pipes and high-pressure main or
superincumbent or compressed air to flow into the tank on to the head of the
diaphragm and against the inner head of tank, filling the space, which in
one form causes it to collapse, and in the other to expand, sink, and press on
to the surface of the preserved fluid, causing it to flow from a discharge cock
to another receptacle on the same level, or through a flexible tube connected
with the ingress cock to another tank, or through the ascending pipe afore-

page_text: said attached to the side of the tank into another similar or common tank
situate on a higher level, the forcing fluid filling the space in the tank vacated
by the preserved fluid, and forcing its flow with a hydrostatic pressure due to
the altitude of supply through the said branch service pipe in connection
with the said high-pressure main, or if compressed air be, applied in lieu of
water for high pressure, then. from an ordinary air pump, thus replacing
during hydraulic action, a bulk of compressed fluid by an equal bulk of forcing
fluid, the diaphragm being pressed by and between the separated fluids, and
rises or descends, collapsing or expanding, and conforming from time to time
to the quantities of each fluid in the tank. The hydrostatic pressure in the
tank will be equal to the altitude of supply or pressure in the main and the
area of the head of, the diaphragm. When the preserved fluid is made to
flow into another similar tank on the same or higher level to fill or replenish
it, the waste cock on the upper or other tank is previously opened and the
pressure supply cock is shut off, the water or atmosphere in the forcing part
of the tank is thus allowed to run to waste when the said tank is being fed,
the waste, cock is at the same time shut off, and the supply cock on, the
forcing fluid pipe on the lower tank is opened, and so on for each operation,
to any high or intermediate elevation, or 'from or to a basement, or from
or to carts or waggons in streets to buildings. For the use of publicans
the preserved fluid flows to the level of the counter taps without pumping.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Alexander William Westley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
ALEXANDER WILLIAM WESTLEY, of- No.-72,-Camden-Road, Camden-Town, in
the County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give, and grant unto me, the
said Robert Alexander William Westley, Her special licence that I, the said
Robert Alexander William Westley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Robert Alexander William Westley, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no

page_text: others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention of "A COMBINATION OF IMPROVED METHOD, APPARATUS,
AND RECEPTACLES FOR STORING, PRESERVING, TRANSFERRING, AND DISCHARGING
CERTAIN FLUIDS. FOR SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Robert Alexander William Westley, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Alexander William Westley, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the letters and Drawings
accompanying the same, that is to say :-
This Invention for "A Combination of Improved Method, Apparatus, and
Receptacles for Storing, Preserving, Transferring and Discharging Certain
Fluids for Sanitary and Protective Purposes," consists in the methods
adopted in the formation of such receptacles as tanks, whether of tinned iron,
wood, or other materials, combined with apparatus suitable for the application
thereto of hydrostatic, pneumatic, or hydraulic forces, and any of these
combined therewith according to the particular uses of such fluids, affording
the means of storing, transferring and discharging fluids from one reservoir
or tank to another of the same or other kinds when situate on the same or on
higher or lower levels, or without recourse to the ordinary means of or necessity
for pumping, and by such method preserving such fluids while in the tanks or
reservoirs, or whilst being transferred or discharged, from excessive agitation
in the body of the fluid, or from contact with the atmosphere or water,
whereby some such fluids become deterioated and others dangerous. The fluids
principally to be thus stored, preserved, and acted upon are wines, malt
liquors, certain spirits, fluid drugs, essential and other oils, some of which
fluids have an affinity for oxygen, absorb it from the atmosphere or water,
and form acids therein, whilst certain others, such as naptha or petroleum,
thus generate or diffuse explosive gases or detonating vapours. To avoid,
therefore, such deleterious and dangerous effects for the several objects and

page_text: uses herein mentioned, I for some applications. construct a cylindrical tank
A, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 6, of. any required dimensions, varied in its attached
apparatus according to its particular use, of tinned: iron, wood, -or. other
materials, having in one form a moveable head a, a, a, a, Figures 1 and 6,
that may be attached by a hinge joint, or lifted off and replaced, or with a
permanent head on which there is a man-hole, b, b, b, Figures. 3, 4, 5, for
access to the interior of the tank. On the middle part of the depth of the
tank or vessel c, c, Figure 1, there is formed a rabbet around the interior of
the circle, into which is fitted a tinned iron or steel hoop d, d, Figure 1, for
making a packed or water-tight joint that may be fastened from the outside or
on the inside of the tank or vessel by screws or bolts and nuts, on the bottom
of the lower head or base of the tank or vessel there is attached a cock f
having a screw nozzle i, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, to which may be screwed a close
bowl e, e, e, e, Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, for drawing off residuum, or a flexible tube h,
Fig. 1, with union joint for filling the vessel. On the lower side end there
is a discharge cock g, Figures 1 and 2, for drawing off liquor. For the
purpose of transferring fluids from one tank to another, or to a higher level,
there is outside of the tank a wrought-iron water or air pipe, k, k, k, Figures
3, 4, 5, permanently attached, having stop-cocks 1 and 1, Figures 3, 4, 5, to
the upper and lower ends of the tanks above and below the moveable head of
a diaphragm. Immediately above and below the cocks and are fixed on
the said pipe two other intersecting cocks m and m¹ for hydrostatic pressure
or fluid discharge, whilst in case of Figure 5, where the diaphragm is reversed,
the pipe o and cock p are connected with the interior at the top of the tank
A, above the floating head of the diaphragm, whilst its upper end n, n, n,
Figures 3, 4, 5, is made to join with a continuing pipe for any required
height above the tank. A similar pipe o, o, furnished with a cock p, Figures
3, 4, 5, is applied on the same or opposite side of the tank, with ingress to the
tank below the head of the floating diaphragm herein-after-mentioned leading-
to or from the storage tanks, whilst the pipe k, k³, is made a supply water;
pressure pipe by connecting it by a branch pipe with a common service pipe of
a tenement through which water is supplied from a high-pressure main or ap
elevated tank. On the interior of this tank is formed and combined with it a
flexible expanding and collapsing diaphragm q, q, Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, of
materials impervious to water or air, (and similar to the collapsing and
expanding diaphragm applied in a tank as contained and shewn in a
Patent granted to the said Henry Pinkus, dated the Twenty-sixth
August, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, for receiving and

page_text: holding materials and discharging it by atmospheric pressure without
contact with air), and having a solid floating head or disc r, r, r, Figures
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, whose diameter is nearly equal to the interior diameter of the
tank, and is fitted, as in Figure 1, with a metal dish on which is fixed a cock
8, for admission to the interior of the head, and with union screw for con-
nection with a flexible or metal tube. On the vertical head of the tank there
may be fixed a wrought or cast iron standard, in the apex of which is an
aperture,, and through which an iron screw rod equal to the depth of the tank
or vessel may be passed, the lower end of the rod or tube t, Figure 1, being
attached to the floating head of the diaphragm by the cock s, for the purpose
of lifting it by a winch or hand, or in lieu of an iron rod a pitched chain may
pass over a pulley, with a ratchet fixed on the apex of the standard, or on the
head of the tank or vessel, and may be lifted by a weight on the end of the
chain, or a ratchet spanner with bevel wheel and lever may be applied
to lift the head. The length of the cylindrical diaphragm and head is
by one application equal to half the length of the tank, and by the other
equal to the length of the tank and its diameter; the end of it opposite
to the head is fastened by the said hoop into the said groove in the tank, or by
the other on the lower end as in Figure 4, and by the upper, as in Figure 5,
of the tank, which makes it impervious under hydrostatic or pneumatic
pressure herein-described. The cylindrical part of it is formed of. two or three
surfaces of well tanned leather or prepared felt, or flexible leather cémented
together and faced or plated on both sides with caotchouc, or made of the
material known as parksine so as to be impervious. This part of the diaphragm
is varied in construction for some applications, and is made to expand vertically
and horizontally from the solid head, and form a series of flattened rings, as in
Figures 4 and 5, the larger diameters u, u, of which expand, whilst the smaller
V, V, simultaneously contract; and a flexible expanding diaphragm, Figure 6,
suitable for some fluids may be applied to the said tank, whether cylindrical or
curved, by forming a water-tight packing on the circumference of the said
floating head only, for which purpose a circular groove in and around the
periphery of said floating head is made, into which a flexible water-tight
tubular ring of india-rubber or other flexible material is inserted and attachéd
in the groove and held by a lip as at S, and having a branch tube S1, through
or on the head on which the union screw and flexible tube is attached for
filling the ring and distending it with fluid, and giving it a head of water for
pressure, so as to expand it and press the outer side of the ring against the
inside of the tank or vessel, and so form a moveable air-tight joint. For some

page_text: fluids a métal dish a, Figure 1, or pouch may be made and fixed in the head of
the diaphragm, into which a closed pan containing hot water may be placed to
heighten the temperature of the fluid, or ice may be placed in the said dish to
lower the temperature. For some uses herein-after stated parts of the
apparatus combined with the tank first herein described, and the parts for
lifting the said head or depressing it may be dispensed with, and the same may
be varied for special uses by hand apparatus. Two such tanks or receptacles
may be united for reciprocal action by a flexible tube of any length furnished
with union screw joints, or a syphon tube may be attached at one end of the
flexible tube for emptying or filling a common receptacle, whether both be on
the same level, or either be on a higher or lower level, as for example, fluids
may be passed from carts or waggons in the streets to tanks in cellars, or to
storing tanks situate on the second or third floors, without moving casks from
cars into dwelling-houses, or from storehouses to tanks on carts or waggons.in
streets. To and between the said tanks so situate there is connected a flexible
pipe, opening communication to the interior or preserving parts of the said
tanks, or in some cases between the exposed parts for fluid pressure, and
.without the necessity of pumping, and so agitating the fluids or permitting the
atmosphere or water to come into contact, whereby some fluids are deteriorated,
and others, such as essential oils or drugs, are rendered dangerous by the
generation of gases or detonating vapours.
or
The operations by the aforesaid combination of method, receptacles, and
apparatus, and the applications therewith of the hydrostatic or pneumatic forcés
aforesaid, and forming hydraulic communication, transference, and discharge,
the objects are to enable one element or fluid to act in conjunction with any
other in the same receptacle without absolute contact; therefore either of
the forms of moveable diaphragm allow of the flow or ebb of the fluids to have
preserving storage and change of place without deterioration in quality o
danger in handling. Thus, to enable a material to flow from one receptacle
to another without contact of air or water, the cock 1, on the head of the
tank A, Figures 3, 4, 5, communicating with the service pipe k, admits
water under pressure, or superincumbent or compressed air, to flow into
the tank on to the head of the diaphragm, and against the inner head of
tank, filling the space, which in one form causes it to collapse, and in the
other to expand, sink, and press on to the surface of the preserved fluid, causing
it to flow through and from a discharge cock to another receptacle on the
same level, or through a flexible tube connected with the ingress cock to
another tank, or through the ascending pipe aforesaid attached to the side of
the tank into another similar or common tank situate on a higher level, the

page_text: forcing fluid filling the space in the tank vacated by the preserved fluid, and
forcing its flow with a hydrostatic pressure due to the altitude of supply
through the said branch service pipe in connection with the said high pressure
main; or if compressed air be applied in lieu of water for high pressure, then
from an ordinary air pump. Thus replacing during hydraulic action a bulk of
preserved fluid by an equal bulk of forcing fluid, the diaphragm being pressed
by and between the separating fluids, and rises or descends, collapsing or expand-
ing and conforming from time to time to the quantities of each fluid in the tank.
The hydrostatic pressure in the tank will be equal to the altitude of supply or
pressure in the main and the area of the head of the head of the diaphragm.
When the preserved fluid is made to flow into another similar tank on the
same or higher level to fill or replenish it, the waste cock on the upper or
other tank is previously opened and the pressure supply cock is shut off; the
water or atmosphere in the forcing part of the tank is thus allowed to run to
waste when the said tank is being fed, whilst the waste cock is at the same
time shut off, and the supply cock on the forcing fluid pipe on the lower tank
is opened, and so on for each operation to any high or intermediate elevation,
or from or to a basement, or from or to carts or waggons in streets to buildings.
For the use of publicans the preserved fluid flows to the level of the counter
taps without pumping.
Pipe is the supply pipe connected with the service pipe of the main; it
is also extended as at k 1, when it may be used either as a discharge pipe or
for preserved fluid, or by admitting water by the cock 1, it may be used for
flushing or cleansing. The cock 11 may be used also as transferring cock for
transmission to a higher or lower level; on the pipe k is a cock m for shutting
off water. The preserved fluid may also be discharged by the cock f, to
which may be attached a flexible hose as at h, Figure 1; the bulb e containing
the residuum having been previously detached, during which operation the
cock f must be closed. On the opposite side of the tank is attached the
pipe o, having the cock p, and whose use is to transfer the preserved fluid to
a higher level, or inversely to fill the tank with preserved fluid, as shewn.
In reversing this action in order to fill the tank with preserved fluid the
cocks and m on the pipe K and K¹ must be closed, and the cocks l and m
opened; the cock p must also be opened, when the water contained in the
upper portion of the tank will be forced out by the ingressing fluid through
the cocks and m¹ on the pipe K 1, the preserved fluid descending through the
pipe o and cock p to fill the tank. The same operation applies to the action
of Figures 4 and 5.
:
The applications of the principles herein described for the several uses of

page_text: the elements mentioned when combined with some or any of the mechanical
means shewn for the particular and better modes of use, and exhibited by the
plans, elevations, and sections in Drawing No. 1, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
may be constructed of any required dimensions, from small receptacles for
holding and decanting fluids, as herein mentioned, to capacities of magnitude
for storing, preserving, transferring, using, and discharging the materials.
Amongst the uses by the means aforesaid, whether for the keeping in pure
condition wines and malt liquors with freedom from hardness and acidity so
pernicious to health of consumers, or in the other and further uses berein
described of some of the before-mentioned fluids, such as petroleum, naptha,
paraphine, or other like oils or spirits, whether for safety in fixed storage or
transit in a large way, or in transference and discharge for consumption by
affording complete insulation and avoidance of contact with the atmosphere
or with water, and so preventing the combination of their oxygen therewith
and the induction and diffusion of explosive gases. To these ends the modifica-
tion of this Invention, as herein-after described, obtains more safety for lighting
and heating purposes, lighting railway carriages, tunnels, stations, manufac-
tories, buildings, lighthouses, and other places, and avoiding the necessity of
storing material on the immediate premises, yet supplying it in continuous
flow for any required consumption. When these material, are required for
lighting railway carriages the method and apparatus described and shewn in
Figures 1, 4, and 5, Drawing No. 1, or these varied in manner shewn in
Figures 7, 8, 9, Drawing No. 2, may be applied, wherein Figures 7 and 8
are sectional elevations and end view of a railway carriage, to which the storing
of hydrostatic receptacle and the transferring and discharging apparatus
for consumption are combined.
A is a cylindrical diaphragm receptacle, say eighteen inches by ten inches, for
storing and transferring petroleum, naptha, &c. placed on or suspended under
the floor of the carriage. Bis a tank for water fixed on the roof of the carriage,
and is equal in capacity to the storing receptacle b, b; c, c, are half-inch metal
tubes the lower end of one e is connected by a union joint to the upper side of
the receptacle above the diaphragm or oil compartment, whilst the lower end
of the other 6 is connected by a union joint to the lower end of the receptacle
under the said diaphragm. The tube c is extended to the water tank. B,
and is connected by a union nipple joint to the lower side of B, thus opening
water communication between the. lower side of B and the upper compart-
ment of A. The tube c is connected with a one-inch iron tube d, d, of the
length of the carriage, and is permanently fixed on the roof thereof, has a

page_text: stop-cock near to each end, is fitted for a union screw joint near each end;
near to one end of the tube d, d, the small tube c is attached, thus opening
tubular communication between the upper oil compartment of the receptacle A
and the supply tube d, d. To the upper side and compartment of A is
connected by a union one-inch flexible feeding pipe to be connected by a
union for forcing from a reservoir petroleum or naptha to the compartment b
of the receptacle, the other end may be connected to a reservoir or under
ground main near to a station or depot, through which hydraulic force and
transference may be as aforesaid given by a diaphragm receptacle. The
capacity of A may be for, say, a six days consumption. By this arrangement
each railway carriage is independent of others for lighting material, but by the
same method and another arrangement one storing receptacle may be made to
transfer and supply a train of carriages. To this end a diaphragm receptacle
and water tank of enlarged capacity may be combined and connected with a
guard's van, and the ends of all the supply tubes d, d, Figure 3, of a train,
Drawing No. 2, may be united by a one-inch, flexible inner leather and outer
cauchæ tube having union joints at one end, and and plug joint f, f, Figure 4,
at the other. The two ends of the supply tubes d, d, must be furnished with
a short flexible one-inch tube d, d, having a ball-and-socket way, Figure 5,
Drawing No. 2, to be attached by a union to the ends of the tubes d, d, and
fall over the ends of carriages, in order that the ball when the stopper is dis-
connected may fall into its socket and shut off the tube d, d, the tube 9, 9, at
one end is made with a tubular metal plug stopper K, Drawing 2, so as to
push back the ball from its socket and open a passage to the oil in d, d. The
object of the plug stopper is to prevent rupture and waste in the event of
negligence when separating carriages by disconnecting by union screw joints,
the plug stopper and ball and socket being self-acting. In thus constructing
machinery and apparatus for storing, transferring, elevating, and discharging
material that may with suitable appendages be used for lighting purposes on the
principles herein described and shewn in Figures 3 and 5, Drawing No. 1,
Figure Drawing No. 2, modifying the same to suit varied applications, as in
.Drawings and herein described for lighting railway tunnels, stations, and depots
the same general dispositions, receptacles, apparatus, and machinery as herein-
.before and herein-after described will apply, and the same will also apply to
the lighting of warehouses, manufactories, depots, and places with economy and
.safety so far as the said reservoirs and receptacles may be placed at any required
distance from buildings, and no more material need be on such premises than that
contained in the transferring tubes of supply, but in transferring and elevating

page_text: material to be consumed for lighting the said diaphragm and receptacles on
a small scale must be placed on each floor or elevation for governing the
transference and discharge, and separate small water tubes branching from a
high-pressure service pipe must be connected with it at the required heights
above the levels of the lamps on each floor to give due pressure on the water
side of the aforesaid diaphragm, Figures 3 and 5, Drawing No. 1. To the
final point of transference and discharge for consumption, if for lighting:
railway carriages, stations, depots, tunnels warehouses, lighthouses, and
buildings, an inconsumable burner is applied for the better discharge of
material in combination with the method, apparatus, and receptacles aforesaid,
for which purpose a cylindrical cup h, h, C, Figure 5, Drawing No. 2, say
two-inches in diameter and one inch in depth in the cup by one quarter
inch wide, suspended by one quarter inch tube attached on sides of the
cup to unite with the tube d, d, by a union at the point of suspension, and
having a stop-cock; the cup has an air passage K through the cylinder, and
an outer and inner ledge or ring m, m, for holding reversed metal cones n,'n.
Into the cup n, n, in lieu of a wick, is placed a duplex or cylindrical roll of
platina wire gauze o, o, one inch diameter, and asbestos paper p, p; the latter
formed by reducing asbestos into a pulp and forming it into coarse paper of the
thickness of wrapping paper. The vertical points of the gauze when cut' rise_
one-eighth of an inch above the apex of the said cup C, or in lieu of such wire
gauze a circular group of parallel platina wires one-and-one-eighth inch long
may be laid and pinned in the folds of the asbestos paper, the ends projecting,
above the apex of the said cup, or a duplex cylinder of thin talk with asbestos?
paper in the middle may be placed into the said cup. The material for con-
sumption, if for railway carriages, flows from the tube d, d, into the cup
regulated by the pressure from the diaphragm receptacle, which giving force to
penetrate through the roll of gauze and paper to the apex of the cup, where
it will ignite. On the outer ring or ledge of the cup is placed a thin platina
cone q, q, in form shewn in Figure; the apex of which is one-quarter of an
inch higher than the apex of the cup. On the inner ring or ledge of the cup
is placed an inverted platina cone y, whose apex is even with the apex of the
cup. These cones cause a current of air to impinge on the flame for better
combustion; or instead of the said roll of wire gauze and asbsetos paper, a
triplex platina cylinder may be formed to fit into the said cup, the middle-part
to be corrugated so as to form vertical tabular cells and standing one-eighth
of an inch higher than the other through those material will flow for con-
sumption to the apex; for some uses the said cup and cones may be for.ned
of high baked porcelain or glass.

page_text: In order to render the aforesaid method, apparatus, and receptacle appli-
cable to the storeage, transference, and discharge of fluid for use in portable
lights, some of the apparatus and instruments herein described and shewn in
Drawings No. 1, 2, and 3, are modified and combined to effect this object in
manner following:-E, Figure 6, Drawing No. 11, is a portable lamp,
wherein r, r, is the receptacle; s, s, is the lip of the said diaphragm, as shewn
at Figure 1, 3, and 5, Drawing No. 1, and having the floating head T. The
receptacle may be formed of metal, glass, or porcelain, with the groove t in
No. 1, in which the top of the diaphragm may be held by a steel hoop or
expanding ring u, u, before the stem of the receptacle is connected with the
reservoir. The head of the diaphragm has an aperture and screw thread as
in No. 1, into which one end of a coiled flexible water or oil tube v, v, may be
screwed, whilst the other end must be attached to the lower and inner end of a
duplex oil and water tube w, w; the outer tube x is larger than the inner tube;
the duplex tube is fixed and contained in an outer tube or stem; or the larger
part W of the duplex tube may form the stem of the lamp, which may be of
any length or height and screwed into or otherwise attached to the receptacle.
In order to procure hydrostated or hydraulic action for transferring oil or
other material from the reservoir of the receptacle and discharge it at the
point of consumption, either of the compartments formed by the diaphragm
below or above it may be used for oil or water; if the oil is stored in the
lower one the upper will be for water, in that case the larger part of the
duplex tube or the stem may be formed in accordance at its lower end, and
must be open to the upper compartment of the receptacle, whilst the inner
small tube must be shut off from communication with it by the prolongation
of the flexible tube r, r. If the upper compartment is used for oil the small
tube v, v, must be open to the upper compartment, and the lower end of the
This
larger duplex tube must be united with the coiled flexible tube r, r.
tube is formed by a spiral tube of coiled wire covered by a tube of vulcanized
india-rubber, and the latter covered with a tube of leather if in contact with
petroleum, or the leather must be over the wire of the tube and be a conduit
for oil, at the lower end of the larger tube is a cock for shutting off water
pressure. At the point of discharge of said fluids is combined with the said
cup with its appendages D, Figure.
In order to elevate the said fluid from the reservoir of the said receptacle
to the said cup, the fluid to be discharged and consumed if contained in the
upper compartment, the lower compartment is supplied from the vertical end
of the larger duplex tube through it and the flexible tube in r, r, to the said
lower compartment with a given quantity of water which raises up the head

page_text: T of the diaphragm to a given height; a supply of petroleum, camphine, or
oil is then poured into the upper end of the smaller duplex tube v, v, which
enters the upper compartment, filling it. The column of oil in the tube
exerting an hydrostatic pressure will force the water into the lower compart-
ment through the flexible tube r, r, into the larger tube w, w.
The duplex
tube receiving the water and lowering the surface causes the head T to sink
and force the water through the flexible coiled tube until the height of the
column of water, which is of greater specific gravity than the oil, is balanced
by it. When the oil tube is full to its apex, and discharges into the cup D,
and is taken up by the said cylindrical roll, it will ignite, and as the material
is consumed and flows from the reservoir the column of water in the large
tube sinks to fill its place and force oil through the small tube.
Amongst the uses to which petroleum and other like material is sought to
be applied is that for heating purposes, such as to boilers for generating steam,
and in particular to marine boilers for vessels of war. Considering the
presence in such vessels of magazines of gunpowder, the storage also of
petroleum enhances danger arising from changes of temperature, leakage, and
diffusion of said explosive vapours whilst discharging tanks of common
construction. The combination, therefore, of the herein-before described
method, apparatus, and recepticles for storing and transferring such material
with the aforesaid apparatus and instruments for final discharge or modifica-
tions of parts thereof, when further combined as herein with furnaces for
heating such boilers, may with economy and better protection from explosion
be applied to marine as to land or locomotive steam boilers..
The great difficulty of discharging for consumption in ignition without
waste and with complete combustion in a large way any such material as
petroleum, pitch, or resin, when arising from absence of due supply of oxygen
at the points of and instants of ignition, to prevent the formation of smoke,
soot,-and-waste--through-funnel as in filling up perforated vapour tubes,
renders it indispensible to cause regulated supply of the elements imparting
oxygen to impinge on the material at the places of ejection as herein-after
described. When the aforesaid recepticals are applied on ship-board all the
tanks, outlets to, and the transferring tubes should unite with a common main
pipe situate on a level with and leading to the boiler room, and having an
intersecting slide valve thereat and beyond it, terminating in the lower part of
a fixed oil well or screen elevation, Figure S1, Drawing No. 4, which may be
a common wrought-iron square or oblong tank of the capacity of, say, ten
cubic feet, and divided into several horizontal compartments by iron frames

page_text: holding wire gauze partitions, over and under which are laid layers of common
felt. Through this the petroleum percolates by the pressure from the afore-
said hydrostatic recepticle, suitably situate and arranged for that purpose.
The object of this screen tank is to cut off and, exclude flame in the event of
accident from the said reservoir main, so: uniting with the said storage
recepticles. From the upper part of this screen tank, which forms a limited
oil reservoir of supply tube U 1, having regulating cock to lead to the apparatus
of discharge in the furnace shewn at x, x, Figures 11 & 13, Number 4,
through a main feeding pipe v 1 laid in front of the furnace, and from which
tubes Y lead to the said discharging apparatus in the furnace. The boiler
furnaces may be of common construction or varied to suit the form of
boilers and are without grate bars, but with closing doors for access to said
discharging apparatus.
In transferring material to the final point of discharge as aforesaid for com-
bustion the object herein is to eject through longitudinal tubular slots, and
simultaneously eject from a duplex.tube having parallel tubular slots another
or other element for supplying oxygen to the oil at the instant of its evolving
into vapour.
The elements herein proposed are hot air and superheated
waste steam through an outer jacket of a duplex discharging recepticle
Drawing Number 4. The air may be specially heated by tubes leading in
any convenient way through the furnace or side flues of boiler, as at Fig. 10,
Number 4, to the front of boiler, to be connected with the air and steam
40 & 50 discharging apparatus, & on a mouth-piece on the apparatus
put on with a flange joint outside of furnace. Steam tubes for super-
heating waste steam from the cylinders of engine may lead from a steam
chest supplied from cylinders and lead by side flues or any convenient way to
the front of furnace, and be connected with the steam side. 20 & 30, of the said
duplex discharging apparatus at its mouth-piece by pipes 20 & 30 as in
Figure 11 & 13, dipping into said main pipe laid in front of furnace and are
furnished with regulating cocks. The superheating tubes should be so placed
in flues according to form of boiler as not to acquire a red heat. In
discharging superheated steam in conjunction with the vapour of petroleum,
the object is to supply highly attenuated steam in a form that will readily
impart its oxygen to the carbon, and so set free its hydrogen, which will then
ignite and accord fuel, inducing intense heat for the more perfect combustion
of petroleum. To these ends the said duplex discharging apparatus may
be formed of cast iron, and as shewn in cross section at Figure 12,
Drawing 4, of a length and diameter suited to capacity of furnace, say,

page_text: internal tube four inches by six,. the outer tube making a space for air one
inch or steam balf an inch wide; length of duplex tube is, say, five feet. Ou:
the lower part of said inner duplex a perforated plate is laid forming. a
cell, into which the oil is transferred, or a perforated tube Z may be
placed. The apex of the inner duplex is open by, slots half inch wide in the
lip or trough, and of the length of the apparatus, which is solid at the furnace
end. The opening apex of the outer jacket part is two inches wide. Into the
inner duplex tube and its entire length is loosely packed layers of sheet talk
standing vertically, through the interstices of which the oil is forced by the
pressure from diaphragm recepticle through said reservoir main and said
screen to the feeding pipe in front of furnace, and the tubes. leading thence
to the said discharging apparatus, and becoming heated will pass out of open
slots in the apex of the inner duplex in the form of vapour and ignite, whilst a
stream of hot air and superheated steam passing out of each half of the
jacket of said duplex apparatus will impinge on the flame to support the
combustion of the oil...
Figure 10, Drawing Number 4, is a front and side view of a form of boiler
to illustrate the application of the oil discharging apparatus W, Figure 12, as
placed in the furnace and heating tubes 40 & 50 in side flues. Q, Figure 12,
Drawing No. 4, is in boiler room, wherein Figure 10 is the front end view of
& boiler, Figure 11 a side view of the same, and Figure 13 the same on a
larger scale, both Figures shewing the said common main pipe with slide
valve s¹, and connected with the aforesaid screen V; and the pipe u having a
cock and spanner u³, and connected with a feeding main vin front of boiler,
from which the supply oil tube y is connected with the oil part 2 of the
aforesaid discharging apparatus W, Figure 12, at or on the said mouth-piece-
X, Figures 11 and 13, and as also shewn at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Figure 10, in.
position in the furnace of boiler, wherein 20 and 30 are the superheating
team tubes in side flue, and 40 and 50 are the air heating tubes leading.to
he air-and-steam jacket 60 and 70, Figure 12, through the said mouth-piece-
f the discharging apparatus in inner duplex tube, of which 80 and 9.0 are the
aid vertical layers of talk.
I claim the combination of method, apparatus, and receptacles herein
escribed and shewn in Figures 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, Drawing No. 1.
I claim the combination of method, apparatus, and receptacles, and the
aid instruments of discharge when applied as herein described and shewn in
igures 3, 4, 5, 51, 7, and 8, Drawing No. 2, combined with railway carriages
or the objects herein described and shewn in No. 2.

page_text: I claim the application of and combination of the method, apparatus,
receptacle, and instruments of discharge herein described and shewn in the
Figures in Drawing No. 1 and Figure 6, Drawing No. 3.; and
I claim the method and combination of the storing receptacle, arrangement
of transferring main and tubes with the screen-feeding pipe and the said.
duplex discharging apparatus combined with the furnaces. of marine,
stationary, or locomotive boilers, as herein described and shewn in the
Figures in Drawings No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Alexander William Westley, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
G. F. ROBINSON,.
Sol.,
6, Half Moon Street,
Piccadilly...
ROB. A. W. WESTLEY. (LS.),