IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS FOR RAILWAYS AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Spencer, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon
Street, London, and Walter Mackersic Smith, Engineer, of Henniker
Cottage, Chandos Road, Stratford, Essex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS FOR RAILWAYS AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Spencer and
Walter Mackersic Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st April 1873.
We, GEORGE SPENCER, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon Street, London,
and WALTER MACKERSIE SMITH, Engineer, of Henniker Cottage,
Chandos Road, Stratford, Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS FOR
RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in carriages and trucks consist in improved
methods of constructing railway, and tram carriages to be partly or
wholly supported by bogie trucks. On the centre of the carriage under

page_text: frame we place two pairs of wheels and axles provided with axle boxes,
Each end of the carriage'
axle guards, and springs in the usual manner.
is supported by a bogie truck, similar to that patented by William
Adams, Patent No. 404, dated 13th February, 1865, and Levi Bissell,
Patents No. 1273, dated 5th May, 1857, and No. 2751, dated 1st
December, 1858, by means of which the bogie trucks, having both
lateral and circular motion, are enabled to pass easily round the curves
of railways or tramways. Or we use three bogie trucks for a carriage,
one at each end, and one at the centre of the carriage, the end bogies
having fixed centres with circular motion, but without lateral motion;
the centre bogie having both circular and lateral motion, or lateral
motion only. Between the under frame and body frame of the carriage
pads of india-rubber are to be placed in the manner described in George
Attock's Patent, No. 2145, dated 31st of August, 1863, which pads are
to be so made that more surface can be obtained with a given weight of

page_text: Instead of forming each element of the spring separately, we mould
and use them in one piece as shown in Drawing, Fig. 3. In this case
the plate between the cup ring does not go through the substance of the
india-rubber, as shown in the Drawing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Spencer and Walter Mackersie Smith in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, GEORGE
SPENCER, Civil Engineer, of 77, Cannon Street, London, and WALTER
MACKERSIE SMITH, of Henniker Cottage, Chandos Road, Stratford,
Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Spencer and Walter Mackersie
Smith, Her special licence that we, the said George Spencer and Walter
Mackersic Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said George Spencer and Walter Mackersie Smith,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS FOR RAILWAYS AND Tramways,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George Spencer
and Walter Mackersie Smith, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Spencer and Walter
Mackersie Smith, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our improvements in parts of carriages and trucks consist,-
Firstly. In improved methods of constructing railway and tram
carriages to be partly or wholly supported by bogie trucks. On the
centre of the carriage under frame we place two pairs of wheels and
axles provided with axle boxes, axle guards, and springs, in the usual
manner. Each end of the carriage is supported by a bogie truck,
similar to that Patented by William Adams, Patent No. 404, dated
13th February, 1865; or, Levi Bissell, Patents No. 1273, dated 5th May,
1857, and No. 2751, dated 1st December, 1858, by means of which the
bogic trucks, having both lateral and circular motion, are enabled to
pass easily round the curves of railways or tramways. Or we use three
bogic trucks for a carriage, one at each end, and one at the centre of the
carriage, the end bogies having fixed centres with circular motion but
without lateral motion; the centro bogie having both circular and
lateral motion, or lateral motion only, see Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6ª, 7,
8, 9, and 10 in the Drawing.
Secondly. Between the under frame and body frame of the carriage
pads of india-rubber are to be placed in the manner described in George
Attock's Patent, No. 2145, dated 31st August, 1863, which pads are to
be so made that more surface can be obtained with a given weight of
india-rubber.
Instead of making the blocks solid we perforate them or mould them
with spaces on the surface connected in the substance of india-rubber by
a diaphragm, or by inserting in the substance of the india-rubber a
piece of cloth, or linen, or a layer of wire gauze, see Figures 11, 12, 13,
and 14, in Drawing.
Thirdly. The buffers of carriages and trucks are so arranged that on
curves the inside buffers shall be in compression, while the outside
buffers shall be in tension, and so shall resist the outward pressure of
the carriage ends, see Figures 15, 16, and 17, in the Drawing.
Fourthly. The carriages or trucks may be close coupled centrally, as
shown in Drawing, Figures 18 and 19, in a rectangular or oval buffer

page_text: case with two buffer springs of india-rubber, or steel, or other suitable
material, or one spring may be used in the centre.
Fifthly. Where outside buffers are used we place india-rubber at the
bottom of the inside of the case of such buffers to take the ultimate
shock on the buffer, and form the case so that the rod does not require
a hole in the headstock of the carriage or truck, see Drawing, Figures 20
and 21.
Sixthly. When india-rubber is used for the draw springs we prefer to
use a new form of the spring shown in George Spencer's Patent, No.
168, dated 18th January 1866.
Instead of forming each element of the spring separately we mould
and use them in one piece, as shown in the Drawing, Figure 21. In
this case the plate between the cup ring does not go through the
substance of the india-rubber, but is used as shown in the Drawing.
To make our Inventions clear we have added Drawings to describe the
various parts mentioned above.
In the Drawings, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 show one of
our methods of supporting railway and tramway carriages on three bogie
trucks.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the application of our system to a sleeping or
other carriage. A, A, are the end bogie trucks with circular motion
only, and B the central bogie truck with lateral motion only.
.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 show the bogie with lateral motion only to a
larger scale. C, C, are india-rubber pads on which the centre of the
carriage rests. D is the sliding block which is supported by and is
capable of sliding in the girder E. The girder E also serves the purpose
of connecting the two sides of the bogie frame.
Figure 8 is an outside elevation of the bogie just described, and also of
the bogie with circular motion only.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 10 a sectional plan of
the bogie with circular motion only. C₁ is the india-rubber pad on
which the end of the carriage rests.
Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, show some forms of our improved blocks
to be inserted between the body and under frame of carriages and