Year: 1888

page_text: We, JOHN HENRY TUDSBERY TURNER, of 14, North John Street, Liverpool, in
the county of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, and ARTHUR WILLIAM BRIGHTMORE, of
103, George Street, Broughton, Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, a Master of
Science of the Victoria University, Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
We cause compressed atmospheric air (supplied from mains or otherwise not com
pressed by the motor itself) to be introduced, through suitable valves, into the working
cylinder of a motor, at the back of the piston, during the early part of the forward
stroke of the piston, in such a manner as to there mix in certain proportions with
gas that we have caused to be proviously introduced, through suitable valves, into the
cylinder.
The explosive mixture of compressed atmospheric air and gas, thus formed, is
immediately ignited, and the expansive forces thus developed within the cylinder
drive the piston forwards to the end of the stroke.
The piston is connected, by means of suitable gear, with the crank-shaft of the
motor, and the momentum of a fly-wheel, revolving therewith, is employed to effect
the return stroke of the piston. An exhaust-valve opens, at the back of the cylinder,
in such a way as to permit the residual products of the explosion to be removed from
the cylinder, during the return stroke of the piston. Upon the completion of each
such return stroke, the disposition of the valves, cylinder and piston is such as to
permit anew the ingress of gas, and then compressed atmospheric air, into the cylinder,
in preparation for the succeeding explosion.
Tind thin 15th day of March 1888.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in the Application of Compressed Atmospheric Air
to Motors.
JOHN HENRY TUDSBERY TURNER and ARTHUR WILLIAM BRIGHTMORE, 14 North
John Street, Liverpool, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has reference to the application of compressed atmospheric air to
motors in cases where such air is supplied to the motors from mains. For instance, it
relates to the application of compressed air to motors supplied with air laid on in mains,
below the surface of the streets of towns, or in mains in Engineering works and other
manufactories, or works, and the like.
Prior to our Invention it has amongst other ways been proposed to apply compressed
air to motors direct from the mains supplying it, and in the condition or state it exists
therein; and it has also been proposed to heat the air prior to its use in the cylinders
of the motor, by heating the pipes, externally, which convey the air from the main to
the motor. By this latter means the absolute efficiency of the motors for a given
volume of compressed air used would be higher than by using it in the former manner.
By a further method of applying air it has been proposed to heat it, before use in the
motor, by burning illuminating or other combustible gas, by and in the air, in pipes
conducting it to the motor. In this case of course more or less of the oxygen of the
air would combine with the gas, according to the amount of gas so introduced and
burned, and would with the constituents of the gas from different products depending
upon the nature of the gas used. Thus in applying compressed atmospheric air to
motors in this case, more or less of it would, before being used to do work in the
motor, in being heated undergo a change in its composition.
Now according to our Invention, in applying compressed atmospheric air to motors,
we also impart heat to it by burning gas by and in the air, but instead of burning it
inside the pipes as above described wo apply the compressed air to the motors by
first introducing it into the cylinder of the motor, into which we introduce also, certain
proportions of the combustible gas or vapour, and then, when both fluids are within
the cylinder, we cause communication between the interior of the cylinder and the
compressed air supply pipe and the gas or vapour to be cut off, and the gas and air
to be ignited by a suitable kindling device, and be so burned. The result of the com-
bustion of the gas or vapour in the air in this manner, is, that a very high temperature
and a corresponding elevation of pressure is caused, and a consequent increase of
efficiency for a given volume of compressed air used and a consequent increase of
power for a given size of motor is obtained. In carrying out our Invention of the
application of compressed atmospheric air to motors, we cause compressed atmospheric
air supplied from mains, or laid on in mains, or otherwise not compressed by the
motor itself, to be introduced, through suitable valves into the working cylinder of a

page_text: motor, at the back of the piston, during the early part of the forward stroke of the
piston, or at any other suitable moment, in such a manner, as to there mix in certain
proportions with gas, that we cause to be previously, simultaneously or subsequently,
introduced through suitable valves, into the cylinder.
The air and gas are immediately ignited, and, the expansive force of the compressed
air is thus largely augmented and developed in the cylinder, and the piston is driven
forward to the end of its stroke. According to ono arrangement, the piston- is con-
nected by means of suitable gear with the crank shaft of the motor, and the momentum
of a flywheel revolving therewith is employed to effect the return, stroke of the
piston. An exhaust valve opens at the back or side of the cylinder in such a way as
to permit the residual products of the explosion to be removed from the cylinder
during the return stroko of the piston. Upon the completion of each return stroke
of the piston the disposition of the valves, cylinder and piston of the motor, is such
as to permit anew the ingress of compressed atmospheric air and gas or vapour into
the cylinder, in preparation for the succeeding explosion.
An engine suitable for carrying out our invention is illustrated in the drawings
hereunto annexed which form a part of this specification.
Figure 1. shows the engine in sectional plan..
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the engine in sectional elevation.
Figure 3 is a cross section through the cylinder gas pump and slide valve.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the gear for operating the gas pump, and
moving the exhaust slide.
Figure 5 shows a detail of the gear by which the exhaust valve is operated.
With reference to the drawings A designates the Cylinder of the engine, B. the
piston, C the gas pump, and D the side valve containing a second exhaust, slide E:
F is the crank, the eccentric by which the gas pump is operated, and. D¹ the
excentric by which the slide valve D is operated. G is a rocking lever operated
by the excentric C₁, and operating the piston of the gas pump and the exhaust
slide E.
The valve D may be provided with an igniting arrangement of any known suitable
type, and with passages or ports through which the compressed air or gas are intro-
duced; passages being provided also in the cover d by which the said air and gas or
vapour are conducted to the engine, from the air supply pipe and pipes or passages
from the gas pump. The passages in the valve and valve cover would of course be so
arranged relatively to each other, and the valve set as usual, that at the desired
moment in the cycle of the engine, the introduction of the air and gas would take
place. The air and gas pass fo tho cylinder through the port a, and the escape of
products of combustion pass away from the cylinder by the same port, and the port a¹
as hereinafter described. The operation of the exhaust valve is as follows:-
During the outward or effective stroke of the piston, the valve D and the moving
piece E would be in contact with each other, that is, the back end of the pieco E
would touch and make joint with the edge d¹ of the valve D, and they would be
travelling inwards, that is, away from the crank shaft of the engine. When, however,
the effective stroke of this piston is nearly completed, the moving piece E is suddenly
moved, by means of a lever and spring and h, into the position shown in dotted
lines in Figure 5, whilst the edge d' of the valve D, would be at the extreme back-
ward part of its stroke, leaving the port a fully open. By this means a sudden
release, and an unrestricted How would be given to the exhaust products from the
port a throngh a². The gear, by which this sudden opening of the exhaust port is
effected, consists of the head i-to which the lever is connected, triggers & mounted in
the forked end of the valve D, and stops k¹ mounted on or secured to any suitable
part of the engine; and the action of the gear is, that, when the valve D is approach-
ing the inner end of its stroke, the triggers k come in contact with the catches k',
which move them into the position shown in dotted lines. The spring of the

page_text: lever (the edge of which is connected to the head ) thereupon instantly moves
'the piece E to the end of its stroke, that is, the position shown in dotted lines in
Figuro 5.
The return stroke of the piston B is employed to expel the products of combustion
from the cylinder; the position occupied by the piston near the inner end of its stroko
being that shown in Figure 1. During this expulsion stroke the valve D will have been
moving towards the piece E, and will at the end of its outward stroke be brought in
contact therewith by a pin P on the rocking lever G, Figures, 1 and 4, which
moves E from the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 5 till it touches the edge d
of the valve D which opens the triggers and causes the head i to again be engaged
with them.
The compressed air and gas may be introduced into the cylinder during the early
portion of the outward stroke of the piston, and these introductions may take place
in either of the two posssible orders or together. When communication between the
compressed air and gas supply is cut off the gas and air charge is ignited, whereupon
the pressure of air and gas-which say is prior to ignition 40 lbs. per square inch-
is raised to say about from 120 to 200 lbs. per square inch, the pressure depending
upon the quality and quantity of gas used. It will of course be understood that in all
cases the volume of gas introduced must be such, as will, when used with the air
introduced, cause this mixture to be a combustible one.
Having now particularly described the said Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we would state that we do not intend to limit our patent to
the particular form or construction herein above set forth, or to any particular form or
construction of engines, but we declare that what we do claim in respect of the herein
described Invention is -
First. The improvement herein described in the application of compressed atmos-
pheric air to motors which consists of introducing the compressed atmospheric air
from a main, or otherwise not compressed by the motor itself, into the cylinder or
cylinders of a motor, and also introducing combustible gas or vapour into said
cylinder with the air, and burning it therein, whereby the pressure is largely
increased and the efficiency of the motor, for a given quantity of compressed air used,
is raised.
Second. In the application of compressed air to motors operating in the manner
specified in Claim 1. the cycle of operations herein described, of said motor, which
consists in introducing into the cylinder behind a piston compressed atmospheric air
from a main, or otherwise not compressed by the motor itself, and also introducing a
separate charge of combustible gas or vapour, then igniting said charge of gas or
vapour and air, the outward stroke of the piston being effected by the pressure
behind it, caused by the combination of the compressed air and the gas or vapour upon
ignition, and the return stroke of the piston being employed to expel the products of
combustion from the cylinder.
Date this 14th dow of Dreambar 1000