Improved Means for Securing Pneumatic Tyres on Wheel-rims.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 13th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Securing Pneumatic Tyres on Wheel-rims.
I, ARTHUR THOMAS COLLIER, of Gonvena, St. Albans, in the County of Herts,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is designed to provide improved means for securing pneumatic
tyres on the wheels of velocipedes and other vehicles, and relates more particularly
to tyres of the kind or class in which one or more air-tubes are enclosed in an
outer sheath or cover. My improvements are, however, also applicable to tubeless
tyres.
By my said invention I provide for fastening the tyre upon the wheel-rim as
securely as is practicable with the usual inextensible wires in each edge of the
sheath or cover, whilst greatly facilitating the operations of putting on and taking
off the tyre, and enabling these operations to be very readily performed without
the aid of any tool or implement.
For securing upon the wheel-rim a tyre having one or more air-tubes enclosed
in an outer sheath or cover, I employ a single length of wire, wire-rope or cord so
arranged that it will securely retain both edges of the sheath or cover in position
in the groove of the wheel-rim when the tyre is inflated This wire is passed
through passages extending around both edges of the sheath or cover, one or more
turns of the wire being in each edge and the wire crossing over from one edge
to the other and having its ends connected, in such a manner that, in removing
the tyre when deflated, the portion of the wire in either edge can easily be
extended sufficiently to allow it to be readily passed over the edge of the wheel-
rim, the portion of the wire in the other edge being simultaneously contracted
to a corresponding extent. And similarly, in putting on the tyre, the two portions
of the wire can be alternately extended to permit of the edges of the sheath or
cover being readily passed over one or the other edge of the wheel-rim.
I find it advantageous to connect the two ends of the wire by overlapping the
same and coupling each of them to one end of a bent or curved rod or strut,
which, when the tyre is in place on the wheel-rim, will lie in the lower part of
the groove of the latter.
The ends of the wire are preferably connected with this rod or strut in such a
manner that one or both of them can be readily detached, thus permitting the
complete removal of the inner tube from the sheath and its insertion therein. I
sometimes pass one end of the wire through a hole in the said rod or strut and
provide it with an enlargement or a nut or other suitable device to retain it
therein; and I pass the other end into a slot in the said rod or strut, which slot
may be closed, if desired, by means of a nut or a screw-cap or other suitable
device. One or both ends of the rod or strut may, if desired, be made to fit into
or extend through a hole in the wheel-rim, and may, if desired, be secured therein
by any convenient means.
With a fastening of this kind, it is unnecessary to make the wheel-rim with a
deep groove such as is used to permit of the inextensible wires ordinarily employed

page_text: being brought nearer to the hub of the wheel at one side in order to allow them
to be forced over the edge of the rim at the other side.
In my improved device, while the extensibility of wire as a whole is limited
so as to keep the edges of the sheath, or cover within the wheel-rim when the tyre
is inflated, either portion of the wire can, as above stated, be contracted by the
extension of the other portion thereof when the tyre is deflated..
In the case of tubeless tyres I form on the same suitable passages to receive the
said wire.
I sometimes provide in each of the passages around the edges of the tyre or of
the sheath or cover a closely-coiled spiral wire, through which I pass the fastening
wire, so as to enable it to slide more easily while being extended or contracted
in putting on or taking off the tyre.
Dated this 13th day of Decamben 1000
mprove and securing Ineumatic Tyres on Wheel-rims.
I, ARTHUR THOMAS COLLIER, of Gonvena, St. Albans, in the County of Herts,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:.
-
My invention is designed to provide improved means for securing pneumatic
tyres on the wheels of velocipedes and other vehicles, and relates chiefly to tyres
of the kind or class in which one or more air-tubes are enclosed in an outer sheath
My improvements are, however, also applicable to tyres in which an
air-tube and an elastic ring or cushion concentric therewith are enclosed in an
outer sheath or cover, and to tubeless tyres.
or cover.
By my said invention, I provide for the fastening of the tyre upon a wheel-rim
as securely as is practicable with the two inextensible wires usually employed in
the edges of the sheath or cover, whilst greatly facilitating the operations of
putting on and taking off the tyre, and enabling these operations to be very readily
performed without the aid of any tool or implement.
For securing upon a wheel-rim a tyre having an outer sheath or cover, I employ
a single wire, wire-rope or cord so arranged that it will securely retain both
edges of the sheath or cover in position in the groove of the wheel-rim when the
tyre is inflated, but will permit the ready detachment of the tyre when deflated.
This wire or cord is passed or threaded through both of the tubes or passages
extending around the edges of the sheath or cover, one or more turns or con-
volutions of the wire or cord being rove through each edge of the sheath or cover,
the middle portion of the said wire or cord crossing over from one edge to the
other and the ends of the said wire or cord protruding from the said tubes or
passages, and being suitably connected. With a tyre-fastening of this kind, in
removing the tyre when deflated, the portion of the wire or cord in either edge of
the sheath can be easily extended sufficiently to allow it to be readily passed
over the corresponding edge of the wheel-rim, the portion of the said wire or cord
in the other edge being simultaneously contracted to a corresponding extent in
the groove of the wheel-rim; and similarly in putting on the tyre, the two
portions of the wire or cord can be alternately extended to permit of the edges of
the sheath or cover being readily passed over one or the other edge of the wheel-
rim.
:

page_text: I find it advantageous to connect the two ends of the wire or cord by over-
lapping the same and coupling them respectively to the ends of a bent or curved
rod or strut, which, when the tyre is in place on the wheel-rim, will lie in the
middle or lower part of the groove of the latter and will limit the approach of the
ends of the said wire or cord towards each other when the tyre is inflated. The
said rod or strut also prevents the middle portion of the wire, which crosses over
from one side to the other, from distorting the said tyre when inflated.
The ends of the wire or cord are, if desired, connected with this rod or strut in
such a manner that one or both of them can be readily detached, thus permitting
the complete removal of the inner air-tube from the sheath and its insertion
therein. I sometimes pass each end of the wire through a hole in the said rod or
strut and provide it with an enlargement or a nut or other suitable device to
retain it therein; or I secure one end in this way and pass the other end into a
slot in the said rod or strut, which slot may be closed, if desired, by means of a
nut or a screw-cap or other suitable device.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 shows in perspective one form of my improved tyre-fastening, and
Figure 2 shows in perspective, drawn to an enlarged scale, a portion of an outer
cover or sheath provided with the said fastening.
a is the wire, which, as shown, has two complete convolutions, one to extend
through each of the tubes or passages at the edges of the tyre or sheath. The
wire, at a point midway between its ends, crosses obliquely from one convolution
to the other as at b, and its ends overlap each other and are passed through holes
in the ends of a rod or strut c and are provided with knobs or enlargements d so
that they will be retained in the said holes. The said wire and strut together,
therefore, form an endless band having two turns or convolutions either of
which can be extended at the expense of the other, that is to say, the circum-
ference of either convolution can be enlarged or extended while that of the other
is correspondingly diminished or contracted.
In applying this fastening to a tyre or to the sheath or cover of a tyre, it is
desirable to enclose, in each of the tubes or passages, e, f, Figure 2, formed along
the edges of the sheath or tyre, a closely-coiled spiral wire g of brass or other
suitable metal, preferably a metal that does not readily oxidize or rust under the
influence of moisture. These closely-coiled spiral wires serve as flexible metal
linings to the said tubes or passages e, f, in which the wire a can slide freely
during the extension and contraction of its convolutions when the tyre is being
put on or taken off the wheel-rim, the said metal linings not only diminishing
the friction, but preventing adherence of the wire to the interior of the said tubes
or passages. The use of spiral wire seatings for the holding wires of tyres is,
however, well known and forms no part of my present invention.
It is evident that, with this mode of fastening, although either edge of the
sheath or tyre can be readily extended to allow it to pass over the edge of the
wheel-rim, yet, when the tyre is in place, the inflation of the same will cause equal
extension of both edges thereof, the edge which may, before the inflation, be the
more contracted, being simply caused by the air-pressure to ride up the inclined
side of the groove in the wheel-rim until the circumference of the convolution in
this edge is equal to that of the convolution in the other edge.
The tyre can therefore be very readily put on the wheel-rim and is easily
detachable, but when in place cannot be accidentally displaced or detached.
The rod or strut c shown in the drawing is bent or curved so that, when its
ends bear against the opposite edges of the wheel-rim, its main portion will lie
along the middle of the groove in the said rim. One or both ends of the said rod
or strut may, if desired, be made to fit into or extend through a hole in the
wheel-rim, and may, if desired, be secured therein by any convenient means.
With a fastening of this kind, it is unnecessary to make the wheel-rim with a
deep groove such as is used to permit of the two inextensible wires ordinarily
employed being alternately brought nearer to the hub of the wheel at one side

page_text: (when putting on or detaching the tyre) in order to allow them to be forced over
the edge of the wheel-rim at the other side.
In my improved device, while the extensibility of the endless fastening wire
or band as a whole is limited so as to keep the edges of the sheath or cover within
the wheel-rim when the tyre is inflated, either portion of the said wire or band
can, as above stated, be contracted by the extension of the other portion thereof
when the tyre is deflated.
In the case of tubeless tyres I form the same with suitable tubes or passages
to receive the said fastening wire or cord, either with or without metal linings in
the said tubes or passages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A tyre or a sheath or cover for a tyre provided with a wire or cord extending
through tubes or passages at both edges thereof, crossing from one to the other and
having its ends connected by a rod or strut, substantially as herein before described
and for the purposes specified.
2. A tyre or a sheath or cover for a tyre provided with a wire or cord extending
through tubes or passages at both edges thereof, crossing from one to the other
and having its ends overlapping each other and held apart by a rod or strut, for
the purposes above specified.
3. As a fastening for securing a tyre on a wheel-rim, a wire or cord having two
turns or convolutions, crossing obliquely, at a point midway between its ends,
from one to the other of the said convolutions and having its ends overlapping
each other, and a rod or strut connected at its ends with the ends of the said wire
or cord respectively, substantially as herein before described.
4. The combination, with a tyre or with the sheath or cover of a tyre, of
flexible metal linings in the tubes or passages along the edges thereof, capable
of extension and contraction, a wire or cord extending through both of the said
tubes or passages within the metal linings thereof, crossing from one to the other
and having its ends overlapping each other, and means to connect the ends of the
said wire or cord, substantially as, and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
5. The combination, with a tyre of with the sheath or cover of a tyre, of a
metal lining in each of the tubes or passages along the edges thereof, consisting
of a wire coiled in such a manner that it can be extended and contracted, and a
wire or cord threaded through the said metal linings in both edges, crossing
from one edge to the other and having its ends overlapping and connected by a
rod or strut, substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Dated this 12th day of September 1899.
ARTHUR THOMAS COLLIER.