FOR APPLYING ON THE SAID MATTERS OTHER SUBSTANCES OR STUFFS
Year: 1855

page_text: FOR APPLYING ON THE SAID MATTERS OTHER SUBSTANCES OR STUFFS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stanislas Tranquille
Modeste Sorel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd June 1855.
I, STANISLAS TRANQUILLE MODESTE SOREL, of Paris, France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR APPLYING ADHESIVE MATTERS ON STUFFS,
AND ALSO POR APPLYING ON THE SAID MATTERS OTHER SUBSTANCES OR STUFFS " to be
as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the construction of a machine for coating stuffs,
and fixing upon the coating applied any matters susceptible of adhering
thereto..
The principle of this machine is the employment of a blade of vulcanized
caoutchouc or other analogous substance capable of supporting a high degree
of temperature for spreading the coating in regular layers upon the stuff.
The stuff passes between the blade and a hollow metal cylinder revolving

page_text: This
upon its axis. For the application of certain kinds of coatings, this cylinder
can be heated by steam. The blade is placed in a groove made in the whole
length of a hollow metallic piece, which can also be heated by steam.
piece is placed at the top of the above-mentioned cylinder, and parallel
with it. The coating is placed near this piece, and attaches itself to the
tissue to be coated, when the latter is made to advance, the blade allowing
only a sufficient quantity of coating to pass. When a second tissue or other
matter is to be fixed upon the .coated stuff, it must be applied thereto the
moment the latter quits the.blade...
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Stanislas Tranquille Modeste Sorel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,, I, STANISLAS
TRANQUILLE MODESTE SOREL, of Paris, France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
23.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Stanislas Tranquille Modeste Sorel, Her special. license that I, the said
Stanislas Tranquille Modeste Sorel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Stanislas Tranquille Modeste Sorel, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention of "A MACHINE FOR APPLYING ADHESIVE MATTERS ON STUFFS, AND
ALSO FOR APPLYING ON THE SAID MATTERS OTHER SUBSTANCES OR STUFFS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Stanislas Tranquille Modeste
Sorel, by an instrument in writing under my, hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next 'and 'immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stanislas Tranquille Modeste Sorel, -do

page_text: hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
5 The essential principle of this machine consists in the employment of a
slieet of vulcanized caoutchouc or other analogous substance, capable. of sup-
porting a high temperature, and résisting the action of the solvents of caout-
chouc and gutta percha, and serving to spread the composition in regular coats
upon the tissues.
'
In this machine the tissue passes between the sheet of caoutchouc and
a hollow metal cylinder, which moves on its axis and may be heated by
steam. The sheet of caoutchouc is placed in 'à groove formed. lengthwise
in a hollow piece of metal, which may also be heated by steam. This piece
of metal is placed above and parallel to the cylinder above noted.
The composition to be employed is placed near this piece of metal, so as to
be softened by the heat, when intended for use in the warm state. On moving
forward the tissue to be coated, the composition adheres to it, while the sheet
of caoutchouc only allows the requisite. quantity to pass. When it is wished
to apply a second tissue or other substance upon the coating thus formed, it
is applied to the composition as the coated tissue egresses from the caoutchouc
sheet..
By this machine can be applied to tissues coatings in the hot or cold state.
of caoutchouc, in solution or mixed with other substances, particularly with.
gutta percha, pitch, resinous and fatty matters, mineral powders, &c. &c; as.
a general fule, all coatings adapted to 'tissues can be applied by it. Of the
substances in powder which may be attached to the coating by this machine,
I will cité cloth shearings or flocks, hair, bristles of animals, and all kinds of
textile matters, more or less divided, wood, cork, and leather in powder,
pulverised graphite or black lead, metallic and earthy powders, and all kinds
T
of sand.
The annexed Drawings represent the new machine for coating tissues.
Figure 1is a plan of the machine; Figure 2 is a vertical section according
to the line A, A, of the plan. In these two Figures the same letters of
reference indicate parts which are similar. The Figures 3 and 4 represent
in-plan and elevation a hollow table in sheet iron,, heated by steam.
"
B, B, B, B, Figures 1 and 2, is the framework of the machine; C is a
hollow moveable-cylinder, which may be heated by steam; and on which rests
the fabric at the moment of receiving the coating; D, D, is a heater made

page_text: hollow, and of. the same length as the cylinder c, which may also be heated
.by steam. a.is a. groove in the whole length of the lower part D; in this
groove is placed the regulating sheet of vulcanized caoutchouc or other suitable
substitute; it exceeds the groove by about one-eighth of an inch. E, E, is
another hollow. heater, which may be heated by the steam of the piece D with
. which it communicates by the tubes b, b, b, b. It is in the space F, comprised
between the plate E, E, and the piece D, that the coating composition is
placed, which occupies in this space a length proportioned to the breadth of
the tissue to be coated.
.
The space to be occupied by the composition is regulated by means of two
moveable pieces, which are secured by the screw straps c, c. The box E
.may be suppressed when, cold compositions or caoutchouc are used. G is a
toothed.wheel forming the head of a screw;, a similar wheel is placed under
each end of the cylinder C. On these, wheels works an endless chain, regu-
lating the simultaneous action of the wheels. These screw wheels support the
bearing of the. cylinder C, and cause the cylinder to ascend or descend to adjust
the thickness of the coating to be applied.
The piece D moves, on its axis, and is capable of making a semi-revolution.
It is turned over to permit of changing the band of caoutchouc and cleaning
the cylinder C. The piece D is turned over by means of the jointed lever d, d,
which is supported in slots made in the framework. e, e, is a slide plate,
placed before the piece D, and serving to regulate the coating; t, t, are stop-
cocks placed on the cylinders C and M, for drawing off the water formed by
the steam in the cylinders; similar one is fixed on the piece D; these
stop-cocks. ought to be placed in preference on the lateral part of the cylinders.
H, II, is a wooden cylinder on which is rolled the tissue to be coated; I, I,
J, J, K, K, are the stretchers, provided with oblique slots; ff, are weights,
attached to leathern straps, which cause a friction on the cylinder H, producing
the resistance necessary for the unfolding of the tissue; 9 are screws causing
the stretcher J to ascend and descend; L, L, is a wooden cylinder, on which
is rolled the tissue intended to double the coated fabric; h, h, is the lever of a
break applied to the axis of the cylinder L. By means of the weight of this
lever the resistance of the break is regulated at will.
. M, M, is a hollow cylinder in metal, heated by steam. The cylinder is
employed to heat the double tissue, and causes the two fabrics to adhere better
together. N, N, and O, 0, are two united wooden cylinders, intended to press
the doubled tissues, and to complete their adhesion. The cylinders L, M, N, and
O, are only used for the doubled fabrics. P is a cullinder, in which are placed

page_text: the powdered matters intended to be applied to simple tissues; Q, Q, are
toothed wheels, giving motion to the cullinder; R, R, is a brush employed for
spreading the powders thrown upon the coating by the cullinder. S is a tube,
conducting the steam into the cylinders Cand M, and into the picces D and E;
T, T, T, T, are two endless chains which cause the tissue to pass between the
cylinder C and the piece D. These chains cog in the toothed wheels U, U,
and pass in' the grooves made at each end of the cylinder V, Figures 3 and 4.
X, X, are two spring weights; each weight is hooked to a leathern strap,
and these straps are attached by one end to the hinged tightening frame i, i,
which hold the tissue; the other end of the strap carries hooks which catch in
the chains. The weights are employed to gauge the force of traction borne
by the tissue when passed under the piece D for the coating process; the
tension of the tissue may be increased or diminished at will by loading more
or less the stretcher Z. Y, Y, are two pullies, on which pass the strap K, K.
Z, Z, is a stretcher of variable strength; is its pulley, m are the weights
hooked on the lever; more or less may be employed.
A', A', Figure 1, is a cog wheel, set in motion by one or two pinions; B!
is the crank which puts in motion the machine. It will be seen that it is
the pulley Y which gives the motion to the cylinder c by means of the strap K.-
When the coated fabric is strong the strap may be suppressed; the cylinder
in this case turns by the motion of the tissue. The wheels U ought to be of
less diameter than that of the cylinder c, in order that the tissue may move
at a slower rate than the surface of the cylinder C in its rotatory movement.
The same result would be obtained in giving a greater diameter to the pulley
Y than to the pulley Y. n, n, and o, o, indicate an arrangement of which
the object is to shake the tissue when covered with shearings (clippings) or
analogous material.
This arrangement is composed of the ratchet wheel n and the piece o. The.
picce is secured alone by cords stretched horizontally under the fabric,
sprinkled over with shearings. The notched wheel n causes the piece o to
descend, thus stretching the cords, and as soon as the teeth of the cogs of n
quit the piece o, the cords strike the tissue, causing the shearings to spring,
and fixing perpendicularly the bristles on the coating. A similar arrange-
ment is placed at each side of-the-tissue, acting-alternately, so as to throw the
shearings invariably towards the centre of the web.
Another arrangement of the mechanism just described may be employed"
for fixing wool on the coating. For this the clippings are placed upon a
skin of canvass, mounted on a frame and spread under the web on which

page_text: they are to be applied. The coating being turned to the side of this. latter,
and the cord arrangement being placed under the skin or canvass con-
taining the shearings, the mechanism is put in motion, causing the shear-
ings to spring towards the coating to which, it adheres as perpendicularly as
possible.
Figures 3 and 4 represent iu plan and elevation a hollow table composed of
sheet iron, heated by steam, and over which are passed the coated fabrics; for
the purpose of evaporating the solvent, if the composition employed be caout-
chouc, to dry the varnish; to cause certain compositions to adhere, or to fix the
flocks or pulverulent materials on the coated tissues. The same parts áre
represented by the same letters in, the two Figures.
A, A, is the steam table; B is the tube leading the steam into the table;
C, safety valve; D is a valve opening from the outside inwardly, to permit the
entrance of air into the boiler after the condensation of the steam, to prevent
its collapsing by the atmospheric pressure. Under the table is a stop-cock.for
drawing off the condensed water.
E, E, guide support, on which the chains pass; two similar ones are placed
at each side of the table, one above; the other below; F, F, wooden
framing supporting the table. G, G, G, G, are four wooden cylinders, which
cause the surface of the fabric to touch the whole curved surface of the
table.
WORKING OF THE MACHINE.
I will first shew the modus operandi in coating and preparing simple stuff's
either with caoutchouc, gutta percha, or any other composition. I will after-
wards describe the preparation of velveted tissues, and, lastly, the manner in
which fabrics are doubled and the coating of paper.
Should it be necessary to use the composition in the warm state as for gutta
percha, steam is turned into the heater D and into the cylinder c.
One, how-
ever, may be heated without the other. The deeper the penetration of the
composition into the fabric required, the more it is necessary to heat the
cylinder c. The fabric to be coated is rolled upon the cylinder H, its free
end being secured in the tightening frame i; it is thus passed on the hollow
heater D. This being done, the composition to be applied is placed in the
hopper P, and the. wheel is turned by means of a crank B', which sets in
motion the chains T, on which are hooked the leather straps which hold the
tightening frame i. By this means the fabric p, p,p,p, whose extremity at the
commencement of the operation was near the cylinder C at the right hand, is

page_text: drawn and forced to pass under the regulating sheet of caoutchouc, which
is secured in the groove of the piece D. For double tissues the chains T
may be replaced by the cylinders which draw the tissue, either by rolling or
without rolling it. The operation should be commenced by the chain, and
continued by the cylinder.
When it is wished to obtain an even. and smooth. surface coating, I place
in the hopper P either black lead, tale, or argillaceous matter reduced to
powder, or other absorbent substances, which may be colored with lamp black,
or other suitable pigment. The tissue thus sprinkled passes under the brush
R, which regulates the coating of powder and carries off the surplus; the
remains are removed by a workman as soon as the tissue has passed, by
means of a long-bristled brush. Another workman varnishes the tissue thus
prepared; the fabric then passes over the table heated by steam, which dries
the varnish and incorporates it with the coating.
In performing the work just described, whatever may be the nature of the
powder employed, the movement of the mechanism n, o, is stopped, being
only intended to act when shearings or the other textile matters are em-
ployed. When the latter substances are used, the brush R is removed, the
varnishing being dispensed with. When the web reaches the table I strew
it on by means of the cullinder the same matter employed by the cullinder P.
Designs may be formed on the tissue by the employment of shearings or
powders of different colors. To this end I place upon the coated tissue moist-
ened plates, with open work designs. These plates are made of metal, skin;
oil cloth, &c.; the powder or shearings are then strewn on the tissues, partly
uncovered; the open plates are then removed and powders of a different color
are sprinkled on the fabric.
If wished to have more than two colors, only part of the open plates are
removed at a time. The weights X may be generally suppressed, the tissue
being strained directly by means of leather straps attached to the piece i, but
when the weights are employed, they must be removed in time to prevent their
passing over the cylinder V, to avoid damaging them.
I double the tissues as follows:-The fabric q, q, intended to be applied to
the coated tissues is rolled upon the cylinder L, from which it passes to the
spreader K, to the hot cylinder-M,-where-it-unites-with_the_conted tissue p, p;
the two fabrics then adhere together by means of the coating rendered more
adhesive by the heat of the cylinder N. When caoutchouc is employed,
however, the heating of the cylinder M may be dispensed with. The doubled
tissue now passes between the cylinder-N and O, which completes the

page_text: adhesion of the two by the pressure one on the other. It then passes over
the steam table, which dries the composition, if caoutchouc.
To coat paper, I place it on canvas, and pass it with this canvas under
the sheet of caoutchouc of the piece D; or if for the tissue alone, I modify,
in the manner herein-after noted, the machine above described, so that in
place of rolling on a cylinder the tissue to be coated, and drawing it' by
nicans of the tightening frame, it is doubled and sewn together at the
two ends, forming an endless web, moved by the friction of one or two
cylinders.
To obtain this result, a greater bulk is given to the cylinder H, and the wheels
U, on which catch the chains T, are placed on the extremity of this cylin-
der H, which is put in motion by means of rack work and crank. The fabric
to be coated is supported by the cylinder H, and by another cylinder mounted
on a moveable wooden framework. This framework can glide or roll upon a
kind of rail, so as to be more or less approached to the machine according to
the length of the material to be coated. The moveable framework is capable
of passing over the space between the steam table A and the cylinder V,
and maintained in place by means of a cord and trestle, fixed under the
cylinder V.
The cylinder of the moveable framing carries at each of its two extremities
a wheel similar to U, on which works the chains T, and no matter at what
distance from the machine, should be capable of gearing with the chains.
For this purpose they are pressed by means of a semicircular slide pieces;
these pieces are retained in position by screws or counterpoises.
The tissue to be coated being mounted on the cylinder H, and on that of
the moveable frame stretched by the trestles, motion is given to it by means
of the crank, which causes it to pass under the coating and under the regu-
lating sheet of vulcanized caoutchouc. In its passage it becomes coated as
by the system herein-before described, but the latter mode is more rapid,
and consequently more economical. By the latter arrangement the chains
may be suppressed, but in this case the material will only be drawn by a
single cylinder, which in certain circumstances will not suffice, but, to
avoid slipping, two moveable circles furnished with points may be placed upon
the cylinder.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein laid down, so long as the peculiar
character of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,-

page_text: First, the general arrangement of machinery for waterproofing tissues, as
herein-before described and represented in the annexed Drawings.
Second, the employment of a sheet of vulcanized caoutchouc or other
analogous material, for spreading the waterproofing composition on tissues,
as herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Third, the arrangement of the machinery, by means of which I introduce
steam for heating, which permits of applying to fabrics all compositions soften-
ing by heat, especially gutta percha, which is applied and dissolved as herein-
before described and shewn in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stanislas Tranquille Modeste Sorel,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
SUKEL. (L.S.)