matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER QUADRUPEDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1868.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of No. 49, King William Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER QUADRUPEDS," to be
as follows:-
The novelty of this Invention consists in so forming the shoes to be
applied to the feet of animals as to dispense with the necessity for
driving nails into the hoofs thereof, as commonly practised for affixing
the shoes to their feet. To obviate this objectionable mode of fixing it is
proposed by this Invention to employ a piece of leather or other suitable
material of the same shape and size as the hoof of the animal to which
it is to be applied, the said piece of leather or other material being
formed open at the back to allow the animal's foot to be inserted there-
into; this piece of material is rivetted to the turned-up edges of a flat
plate of sheet metal, and to this piece of metal an iron shoe of the

page_text: ordinary kind is rivetted or otherwise securely fixed; a strap and buckle
or other suitable fastenings are fixed near the edges of the open part
of the before-mentioned piece of material for securing the same on the
animal's foot, thereby dispensing with the necessity for fixing the shoc
by nails, as above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUBES OR CYLINDERS CAPABLE OF RESISTING GREAT INTERNAL PRESSURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Inglis and Thomas
English at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th December 1868.
We, THOMAS INGLIS, Lieutenant-Colonel Royal Engineers, and
THOMAS ENGLISH, Lieutenant Royal Engineers, and both of Her
Majesty's War Office, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUBES OR CYLINDERS
CAPABLE OF RESISTING GREAT INTERNAL PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of obtaining great structural strength
in tubes and cylinders.composed of iron, steel, or other metal, without
having to rely upon the difficult and doubtful operation of welding; the
main object being to enable ordnance and the cylinders of hydraulic
presses to resist the internal strain or pressure to which they are
subjected.
Cylinders or tubes constructed according to our Invention are com-
posed of at least two tubes drawn the one over the other. The outer
tube is formed of a close helical coil of wrought iron, steel, or other
metal, on the inner surface of which is cut a screw thread of quicker

page_text: pitch than that of the coil and running in the same direction. If two
tubes only are used the inner one may be either formed of a similar
close helical metal coil or of a simple tube, a screw thread corresponding
to that of the outer tube being in either case formed on the exterior of
the tube. The two tubes thus prepared are screwed together, care being
taken, if the inner tube be a coiled one, that the coils of the outer and
inner tubes shall break joint. If more than two tubes be used each
pair of corresponding surfaces is to be united by a screw thread of
quicker pitch than that of the coil and running in the same direction.
When the tubes are drawn one over the other the joints of the coils
will be comparatively open, but on internal pressure being applied by a
tapered core or other means the tubes will be caused to expand in
diameter permanently and contract endwise, the coils in expanding
under the pressure being drawn more closely together in the direction
of the screw threads and consequently tightening up the joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE FORMATION OR BUILDING OF COP BOTTOMS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Redman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1868.
I WILLIAM REDMAN, of Bank Foot, Hebden Bridge, in the County
of York, Self-acting Minder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE FORMATION
OR BUILDING OF COP BOTTOMS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING
COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of machinery for spinning and
twisting cotton or other fibrous substances known as "mules" and
"jennies," in which the spindles are mounted upon a travelling and
reciprocating carriage; and my improvements consist in the application
of a cam or tappet to the said carriage to act upon the fallers during the
"putting up" of the carriage, or when the yarn is being wound upon
the spindles in such manner as to cause a traverse of the "faller wire,"
and thereby produce crossings of the yarn in the first winding on or
at the commencement of the cop, whereby the cop bottoms are made
firm and secure in position without the use of paste or tubes as now
used for that purpose. This cam or tappet may be of one, two, or

page_text: -
any desirable number of lifts in its circumference, and varying in the
amount of lift to vary the crossings; it is mounted on a stud or spindle
attached to the carriage and caused to rotate by the motion and during
the movement of the carriage, and act upon a lever fixed on the faller
shaft, so that the "faller wire" will be traversed up and down or longi-
tudinally of the spindles during the winding on of the yarn, and
thereby produce crossings of the said yarn. The rotary motion of this
cam or tappet may be produced by means of cords winding and
unwinding upon a roller or pulley attached to the said cam or tappet
actuated by the movement of the carriage or by any other suitable
means of giving rotary motion thereto. After the cop bottom is thus
formed by crossings of the yarn the cords may be disconnected with
the carriage, or the said cam or tappet may be thrown out of contact
with the fallers, and thereby allow the winding on of the yarn to
proceed in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS BASKETS FOR CONTAINING FRUIT AND OTHER GOODS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gustavus Rollins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1868.-A communication from abroad by Welcome
Hitchcock, residing at New York, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN GUSTAVUS ROLLINS, of Old Swan Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
BASKETS FOR CONTAINING FRUIT AND OTHER GOODS," to be as follows:-.
The Invention has for its object improvements in baskets for con-
taining fruit and other goods, whereby such baskets when empty may
be packed in a small space, and when required for use may be readily
and firmly put together. For this purpose the sides of the basket are
formed of one strip of thin wood or other suitable material provided
with suitable slits or perforations for ventilation and for supporting
the bottom, which may be of any suitable material, and is provided with
corners or projections to take into suitable slits or or perforations formed
in the sides. When the corners or projections are inserted in the slits
or perforations formed in the sides the parts are suitably retained in
position by means of clips or other suitable means. The basket may

page_text: be round, octagonal, or of other suitable shape, but when of an
angular form the parts of the sides forming the angles of the
basket are slightly cut or indented so as to facilitate the bending
thereof and yet prevent breakage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO- DUCTION OF BROWN COLCURING MATTERS FOR DYING AND PRINTING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1868.-A communication from abroad by Jules Gabriel
Alfred Gros, Manufacturing Chemist, of Mulhouse, Haut Rhin, in
the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF BROWN COLCURING MATTERS FOR DYING AND PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in first mixing aloes with nitric acid of thirty
degrees Baumé, in the proportion of one part by weight of the former
to eight parts by weight of the latter. The mixture is allowed to
react either in a cold or in a heated condition, after which the product is
saturated with slaked lime in fine powder in the proportion of one part
by weight of lime to four parts by weight of the extract. The brown
product in a pasty condition resulting from this process dissolves readily
in water. For dying it is mixed with twenty-five per cent. of cream of
tartar, or with ten per cent. of oxalic acid, and the dying is effected at

page_text: a temperature of from 167° to 212° Fahrenheit, according to circum-
stances. The various tints are regulated by steeping in heated or cold
mordants according to circumstances, or the mordants may be introduced
into the color bath. This new colouring matter may be employed both
for dying and for printing on woollens and silks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CIGARS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Graham Tatters, Walter
Keeble, and Benjamin Newbery at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th February 1868.
We, JAMES GRAHAM TATTERS, WALTER KEEBLE, and BENJAMIN
NEWBERY, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OF CIGARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the preparation
of cigars, whereby they are enabled to carry the means of ignition
instead of being dependent for ignition upon the use of fusees or other
separate and extraneous appliances. The cigars having been manu-
factured in the ordinary manner are prepared by dipping the ends at
which they are intended to be ignited into a compound, which when
dry possesses the property, upon being ignited, of quickly burning
like an ordinary fusee. The compound which is employed for the
last-mentioned purpose is a mixture of gum, nitrate of potash, and
finely powdered charcoal, but a mixture of any other ingredients
possessing similar or analogous or equivalent properties may be used.
The cigars having been dipped into the said compound, as before

page_text: mentioned, are dried, and the same portions thereof are then dipped
into a second compound possessing the power of lighting upon being
exposed to friction, and which consists of gum, amorphous phosphorous,
and chlorate of potash, or of other ingredients possessing similar or
analogous or equivalent properties. The cigars are finally again dried,
and when ignition is desired it is only necessary to subject the ends
to a moderate amount of friction, when the external compound will be
ignited and communicate its ignition to the composition firstly applied,
and thence to the cigar.
AN IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF SULPHATE OF LEAD TO BE USED AS A PIGMENT OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brumwell Gregson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1868.
I, JOHN BRUMWELL GREGSON, of Gateshead, in the County of
Durham, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF SULPHATE OF LEAD TO BE USED AS A PIGMENT
OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the production of a sulphate of lead
possessing what painters term "body," which may be used in sub-
stitution for ceruse or carbonate of lead for the purpose of making
white paint and for some other purposes to which carbonate of lead is
or may be applicable.
And my Invention consists in obtaining a sulphate of lead by
decomposing a solution of chloride or muriate of lead by means of a
solution either of sulphate of soda, or of sulphate of magnesia, or of
sulphate of iron, or by means of a mixture of sulphate of soda
and sulphate of magnesia in solution. By taking a solution of
chloride or muriate of lead and mixing with it either of the above-

page_text: named solutions decomposition immediately takes place and sulphate
of lead is precipitated. When a solution of sulphate of iron is used
to decompose the chloride of lead there will be a deposit of oxide of
iron along with the sulphate of lead, and which may be removed with
dilute hydrochloric acid.
IMPROVE-. MENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SMOKE IN CONNECTION WITH BOLLER FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Young, Robert Pollock,
and John Morrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th July 1868.
We, JOHN YOUNG, Miller, of Milliken Park, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, ROBERT POLLOCK, Grain Merchant, of Paisley, in the
same County; and JOHN MORRISON, Plumber and Brassfounder, also of
Paisley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-.
MENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SMOKE IN CONNECTION
WITH BOLLER FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention. has for its object the preventing of smoke in con-
nection with boiler furnaces in such a way as to economise fuel, and
it consists in causing a large portion of the fire gases which proceed
from a furnace to pass again through the fuel along with the air
necessary for combustion.
In carrying out the Invention the ordinary inlets for air both below
and above the grate bars are closed, and one or more flues or passages.
are constructed so as to lead from the ordinary flue to the ash-pit, or
partly to the ash-pit and partly to the space above the grate. A.blowing,

page_text: fan or pump to be worked by any convenient motive power is arranged
in connection with the added passage or passages so as to draw a
portion of the fire gases from the flue into which they pass from the
fire, and force them again through the fire. An inlet for the requisite
air is provided, by preference, near the fan or pump, so that such air
may pass through the fan or pump. Dampers or regulating valves are
applied to the flue communicating with the chimney and to the air inlet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY WATER PRESSURE, COMPRESSED AIR, OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Hodgson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1868.
I, NATHAN HODGSON, of New Barnet, in the County of Hertford,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY WATER PRESSURE, COMPRESSED
AIR, OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in engines to be
worked by water pressure, compressed air, or other elastic fluid, and
relates to improvements upon an Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to Anthony Bernhard Baron Von Rathen, on the 23rd
of March 1865 (No. 818).
The engine described in the Specification of the above-mentioned
Letters Patent consists of a case in which a wheel or centre piece
revolves by the action of the motor on the ends of one or more chambers
in which the motor is confined. The pressure of the motor in the
opposite direction to that of the engine is counterbalanced or neutralized
by being transmitted through certain mechanism in a direct line to the
axis. This mechanism, according to the Invention above referred to,

page_text: consists of loose pieces having somewhat the form of a triangle or
parallelogram, which are received in suitable spaces formed for them
in the wheel or centre piece, but are immoveable therein. Now my
Invention consists in mounting such triangular or other shaped pieces
upon pivots or centres, upon which they are capable of oscillating, and
through which the pressure on the inclined faces of such pieces is
transmitted in a direct line to the axis of the wheel, and is thereby
either entirely or to a great extent counterbalanced or neutralized; and
I form the spaces in which such triangular or other shaped pieces are
placed in such manner that the triangular or other shaped pieces shall
be free to oscillate therein without exerting any pressure except upon
their centres of motion.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Maurice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
March 1868.
I, JOSEPH MAURICE, of Langham Place, in the County of Middlesex,
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF PRODUCING OPTICAL ILLUSIONS," to be
as follows:-
These improvements have for object the production of phantom
images in motion or with life-like movements on a stage, platform,
or otherwise, whilst the means of producing such motion may be
rendered invisible to the spectators, and I use a transparent mirror or
glass fitted or placed on a stage or platform, and combined with optical
apparatus for illustrating or exhibiting the effects of persistence of
vision, hereafter termed the "motion apparatus," such for instance as
those known as the phanakistiscope, sobroscope, zoetrope or wheel of
life.
And as an instance of the manner in which I can carry my Invention
into practical effect I have to state that I place the said transparent.
mirror or glass or transparent medium on the stage or platform at an

page_text: angle in accordance with the position of the objects to be exhibited
and the said motion apparatus may be placed in any required position
in respect to the stage and glass. The objects to be presented to view
may either be solid or in relief, or pictures used with the motion
apparatus, which I prefer to have of a bright color so as to reflect well,
but otherwise such motion apparatus should be black or of a very dark
color so as not to be reflected. By illuminating or throwing a strong
light on the figures or objects they alone will be reflected in the glass,
and on communicating motion to the motion apparatus all the effects to
be obtained by the zoetrope, phanakistiscope, or apparatus for exhibiting
the persistence of vision will be given to the phantom or reflected object
in the transparent glass, whilst the means of producing such effects can
be kept invisible. The slots or openings in the motion apparatus should
be of sufficient scope or length to admit a full view of the figure when
in motion. In some instances I use a silvered mirror in conjunction
with the motion apparatus; the silvered mirror is then made to receive
the image of the objects and transmit them again on to the unsilvered
or transparent mirror.
The motion apparatus may be constructed in the form of an endless
band working on rollers, such band having openings or slots for viewing
the objects which are to be secured on the inner side of the said band,
and this band could be used either with or without the other parts of
the apparatus.
AN IMPROVED INDELIBLE PENCIL FOR MARKING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles McDermott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1868.
I, CHARLES MODERMOTT, Gentleman, of 20, Devereux Court, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
INDELIBLE PENCIL FOR MARKING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
I have four methods of producing the indelible pencil, and I will now
describe the compounds and quantities used in each case :-
1. I take a mixture of nitrate of silver, sulphate of baryta, plumbago,
and gum.
2. A mixture of nitrate of silver, fuller's earth, plumbago, and gum.
3. A mixture of nitrate of silver, nitrate of lead, alumina or pipe-clay,
or any other clay or clayey substance, plumbago, and gum.
4. A mixture of nitrate of silver, plumbago, resin, and fat or paraffin.

page_text: antities used in each case are as follows:-
Nitrate of silver
Sulphate of baryta
Plumbago
Gum, sufficient to make the materials cohere.
Nitrate of silver
Fuller's earth
3 parts.
2 do.
1 do.
3 parts..
2 do.
1 do.
3 parts.
1 do.
2 do.
1 do.
Plumbago
Gum, sufficient to make the materials cohere.
Nitrate of silver
Nitrate of lead
Pipe-clay, &c.
Plumbago
Gum, sufficient to make the materials cohere.
Nitrate of silver
Plumbago
Resin
⚫ 120 parts.
120 do.
55 do.
Paraffin
5 do.
ot bind myself to the above proportions, although as
e I have found them to work well.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR UMBRELLAS, STICKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Barnes Houghton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th November 1868.
I, JAMES BARNES HOUGHTON, of 18, Parliament Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR UMBRELLAS, STICKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a cheap, simple, and compact holder to be
fixed to walls or other surfaces for the holding or retaining of umbrellas,
sticks, and other articles, and consists essentially in the employment
of a horizontal metal or other bar or rod made either solid or hollow,
and combined with a spring of india-rubber, or wire, or both, which spring
serves to hold the bar or rod in its place against or near to the
wall or surface to which the holder is attached. It is preferred to
enclose a portion of the spring inside a hollow bar or rod, suitable
screwed caps serving to secure the ends of the spring to the fixed part of
the holder. When the spring extends through the hollow bar or rod
it is proposed to provide an antifriction pulley at each end of such bar
or rod for the spring to work over. The holder thus constructed is

page_text: capable of being extended by drawing out the horizontal bar or rod
more or less from the wall or surface, whereby umbrellas or other
articles of various bulk may be securely retained in position when
placed between the bar and fixed surface, whilst in the event of the
holder being empty the bar will be drawn inward and will in its compact
state present little or no obstruction or projection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hatherton Hall and
Joseph Cooke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th November 1868.
We, WILLIAM HATHERTON HALL and JOSEPH COOKE, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of safety lamps for burning
petroleum or such like oils, and consists principally in constructing
the burner so that the flame will burn in the lamp brightly, without
additional glasses. The lamp we prefer is the "Stephenson's " lamp or
"Geordy."
The burner is made by first casting a shell for the bottom part, and
this is made so that it can be screwed to any ordinary Stephenson
lamp in place of the common burner screw. On the top part of this shell
is placed a diaphragm which contains or to which is fastened the wick
tube. The said diaphragm is raised in the centre (by preference) to allow
space for the pinions or small wheels to be worked for raising or lowering

page_text: the wick. Over this diaphragm and wick tube is placed a cone which has
an opening at the top for the flame to protrude, and several holes at the
bottom to feed the flame. The wick tube is (by preference) flat and
reaches to the top of the dome. The parts of the burner are fastened
together at the centre and the pinions with the spindle for raising the
wick are placed in their respective positions at the time,
In constructing the lamp we prefer to form the top of a cone shape
with holes round the base, and inside these holes (that is, inside the cone)
we place a smaller cone or tube without a top so that it shall break the
draught when it is strong, but still give egress to the foul air from the
lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harding Warner and
Robert Charles Murray at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th March 1868.
We, WILLIAM HARDING WARNER, of Ross, in the County of Hereford,
and ROBERT CHARLES MURRAY, of 69, Jermyn Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stereoscopes.
At present there are two different descriptions of stereoscopes, the
reflecting stereoscope in which pictures of very large size may be
employed, but which is costly both in the instrument and its pictures,
and there is also the better known refracting stereoscope which is both
convenient and cheap, but which as at present constructed will not
properly exhibit pictures exceeding three inches square.
Now according to this Invention we make refracting stereoscopes to
exhibit perfectly pictures of much greater height; we prefer that the
height of the picture should be five inches and a half, but at the
least the instrument must be capable of exhibiting a picture four
inches high. To obtain this result we place the platform of the

page_text: instrument on which the picture rests further from the prisms or
lenses than heretofore; we prefer that this distance should be seven
inches or more, and the focal length of the prisms or lenses we make
of about the same or of greater length.
Also in order to obtain a distinct definition over so large a surface
we make the prisms or lenses as thin as possible, so that on the inner
side the edge is almost sharp, and by preference with the same object
we make the convexity of the prisms or lenses much greater on the
side towards the picture than on the other side, the radii of curvature
of the two sides may advantageously be as 3:1. The prisms or lenses
are most conveniently made of elliptical form with the major axis of
the ellipse corresponding with the height of the picture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Christian Löbnitz and
Amédée Buquet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th January 1868.
We, HENRY CHRISTIAN LOBNITZ and AMÉDÉE BUQUET, of Renfrew,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PROPELLING SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the propelling of vessels designed more
particularly for navigating shallow waters, and where a chain or chains
may be laid, whereby the vessels may work themselves along.
And the Invention consists principally in combining with the steam
machinery arranged for acting on the chain or chains, paddle wheel
or other suitable propelling apparatus (capable of acting independently
of any fixed chain), such propelling apparatus being disposed wholly or
nearly so within the contour of the vessel.
In one modification of internal propelling apparatus that it is proposed
to adopt in carrying out the Invention, a paddle wheel is arranged in a
casing in the middle of the vessel, from which casing an open channel
is formed along the bottom of the vessel to the stern, whilst the fore
body of the vessel is made entire in the ordinary way; There may,

page_text: however, be channels or passages both fore and aft, and the propeller
may be a screw, centrifugal pump, or other suitable apparatus.
The steam machinery is provided with engaging and disengaging
appliances of any convenient kind, so that the chain hauling apparatus
and the internal propelling apparatus can be used either separately or
together, and so that a change can be instantly made from one to the
other in any emergency. With this arrangement the steamer, either
alone or with a train of barges or other vessels in tow, may use the
same chain as other vessels, as on approaching another vessel it can
disconnect from the chain, pass the vessel by its internal propelling
power, and then again connect with the chain. If the chain gives
way at any part, or if the steamer reaches the end of it and has to
proceed further, it can instantly bring its independent internal propelling
power into operation.
The arranging of the propelling apparatus within the vessel renders
it independent of rough weather, as it will not be liable to be thrown
out of the water thereby, whilst in canals and narrow navigation it
will have the advantage of not injuring the banks, as it will cause the
least possible surge or external motion of the water.
The system is applicable to vessels or boats of various sizes, and one
important application of it will be in the case of steam launches or
barges for landing troops or cargo from large vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR BODICES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laura Mary Prewitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition,, on
the 17th November 1868.
I, LAURA MARY PREWITT, of the City and County of Bristol, Stay
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR BODICES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the application to certain parts of stays or
bodices of metal eyelets formed with stamped heads, shells, or covers,.
and rings or washers affixed thereto, which may be placed on the outside,.
back, and front, if required, and which may be produced in a variety of
designs plain or ornamental, such as rose heads, stars, or other enriched
devices. The eyelets thus made are inserted through the material of the.
stays or bodice, either at or through the ends of the ribs or bones of the
same, which are usually formed of whalebone or steel, the shank or open
end of the eyelet being secured in the ordinary manner. The object
of these studs or eyelets is to prevent the slipping out or displacement.
of the ribs or bones from their proper place in wear, and when arranged

page_text: in suitable numbers and position materially add to the ornamental
appearance of the finished article. These studs or eyelets may also be
employed for the purpose of ornamenting any other part of the stays or
bodices than those parts where the bones are.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLANING, POLISHING, TURNING, AND OTHER MACHINE TOOLS QE. APPARATUS OF LIKE DESCRIPTION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc 'Antoine François
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th April 1868.-A communication from Henry
Cook, residing at Florence, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the Firm of Mennons: and
Telescheff, Home and Foreign Patent Agents, of No. 53, Rue de la
Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, do. hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLANING,
POLISHING, TURNING, AND OTHER MACHINE TOOLS QE. APPARATUS OF LIKE
DESCRIPTION," (a communication,) to be as follows.:.-.
The Invention communicated to me consists. in. the application to
planing, polishing, turning, and other analogous machinery or apparatus.
of a screw provided with two threads of equal pitch but running in
opposite directions, and carrying, as the case may be, either the tool or
the work, which is, thus enabled to travel uninterruptedly. to and fro.
without reversal of the motion of the screw.. This peculiar.form, of
screw was originally applied to telegraphic apparatus,. as. described in.
the Specification accompanying my petition for. Letters: Patent filed.
on 6th April 1868, No.. 1155, and its mode of application. to other:

page_text: descriptions of machinery, though necessarily variable according to the
nature of the latter, is substantially as stated in said Specification.
Thus, for instance, the double-threaded screw in its application. to a
planing or polishing machine is provided, as in the telegraphic apparatus,
with a rider or saddle-piece carrying the tool, and so arranged as to gear
on reaching each end of the screw in the return thread of the latter, which
thus, while revolving in one direction, carries the tool back to its starting
point, and so on continuously. It will be understood that by the appli-
cation of this principle an uninterrupted and perfectly regular operation
of the tool will be obtained; while the backward as well as the forward
motion will be utilised without necessitating the ungearing or reversal
of the machinery, thereby effecting a considerable saving in time and
labour.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT PORTION OF LADIES' WEARING APPAREL TERMED 'MUFFS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Joynson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1868.
I, JOSEPH JOYNSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT PORTION OF LADIES' WEARING APPAREL TERMED 'MUFFS,'"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to provide a muff for ladies that will
be more useful and ornamental than those now in use, and the
improvements consist in constructing the small "muff" now forming
a part of a ladie's outfit with projecting ears, gauntlets, or wrist
protectors which may be permanently attached thereto, and thrown or
bent back over the "muff" when not in use or required, so as to form
an ornamental portion thereof, or this may be pushed inside. In the
top or other convenient portion of the "muff" I also construct or form
an orifice or hole through which the handle of an umbrella can be

page_text: inserted, by which contrivance the wearer of "the "muff" in wet
weather can with convenience make full use of the "muff" so as to
form a cover and protector for the hands, and at the same time hold or
support the umbrella.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES PARTICULARLY INTENDED FOR CONTAINING POISONS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Dowling, of the City of Exeter, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES PARTICULARLY INTENDED FOR
CONTAINING POISONS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME.'
"
Sealed the 1st April 1869, and dated the 23rd October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Dowling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1868.
I, ROBERT DOWLING, of the City of Exeter, do hereby declare the
5 nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES PARTICULARLY
INTENDED FOR CONTAINING POISONS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in making bottles which I call "porcupine
bottles," that is to say, I make bottles with points on the sides thereof,

page_text: the said points being preferably all round the bottle, except that a
portion is left plain to receive the usual label.
My Invention also consists in making stoppers for poison bottles with
similar points. The points will enable poison bottles to be distinguished
by night or day, and mistakes will thereby be prevented.
Although I prefer to produce the points in the process of manu-
facturing the bottle, yet they may if desired be applied afterwards, that
is to say, plain bottles may be covered with a sheet or strip of cloth,
leather, or other suitable material provided with projecting points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS OR BLOCKS TO BE USED FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Simons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1868.
I, WILLIAM SIMONS, of Renfrew, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS OR BLOCKS TO BE USED FOR BUILDING PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar form of moulded brick or block
to be used for building purposes, whereby greater strength in the
structure is obtained, and consists essentially in making such moulded
bricks or blocks of a double dovetailed form, the thinnest or narrowest
part of the brick or block being in the centre. By adopting this shape
the bricks when laid form a better and stronger band, as from the fact
of each brick being of a double dovetailed form and laid with one-half
resting in the hollow of its neighbour, the several bricks become in
effect dovetailed the one between two others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WINDING YARN OR 'THREAD
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hetherington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1868.
I, JOSEPH HETHERINGTON, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR WINDING
YARN OR 'THREAD," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to mechanism for winding yarn or threads
from the hank or bobbin into the "cop" form, such cops being wound
either upon the bare spindle or upon paper or other tubes, and my
improvements consist in combining with ordinary winding mechanism
arrangements for distributing the yarn or thread so that it may be wound
into the cop form. The threads may be distributed by an oscillating
"faller wire," or by a copping rail sliding up and down.
In double-sided machines the two faller wires or copping rails are
connected to move simultaneously, and motion is imparted thereto by
levers, rods, toothed racks, or other suitable mechanism, which is acted
upon by a reciprocating or rotary "shaper," similar to those employed

page_text: "
in self-acting mules, such shapers being made to reciprocate or rotate
by suitable gearing from the drum or roller driving the spindles. The
shaper mechanism may be altered as required to build the cop
same as in self-acted mule, or by placing the bowl acted upon by the
shaper on a slide in a lever, using a screw for traversing the bowl 5
laterally when a rotating shaper is employed.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CAUSING THE CIRCULATION OF WATER IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1868. A communication from William Fischer and Theodor
Stiehl, residing at Essen, Prussia.
I, FRANCIS WIRTII, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agents, Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Germany, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CAUSING THE
CIRCULATION OF WATER IN STEAM BOILERS," a communication, to be as
follows:-
This apparatus has for its object the circulation of water in boilers,
and to increase the speed of boiling by sucking up a quantity of water
and allowing it to return back into the boiler. A hook-formed tube is
immersed in the water. This tube at its upper part supports a case
in which is contained a float. This float is suspended to a lever and
is partly balanced by a weight. In the case is also contained another
lever and a weight held up by a catch. On the top of the case is a
valve and a small cock, the space over the said valve communicating
with the steam space in the boiler by a small tube. If the small cock

page_text: is opened the water rises in the hook-formed tube, the float is raised, and
the lever to which it is attached moves the catch and lever, which
worked by the weight acts upon the valve. The steam then enters
the case, the water falls back to the boiler, and pours out like a fountain
from the mouth of the tube. The float sinking the catch engages the.
lever and raises the weight, and the same process begins again. The
pipe which conducts the steam from the boiler to the apparatus has a
cock for stopping the same; this can also be done by another cock
situated between the float and hook-formed tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Fort and John Lec.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th October 1868.
We, EDWARD FORT and JOHN LEE, both of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE FURNACES
OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the
bridge of flue-fired boilers, and consists in constructing such bridge of
a semicircular form and extending towards the rear end of the flue, thus
forming an arch within the flue, so that the heated gases are confined
or throttled between the upper half of the flue and the bridge, thus
partially consuming the smoke, and the arch (which we construct of
fire-clay blocks, fire-clay bricks, iron, or other suitable material) throws
off or radiates heat. In under-fired boilers we construct a concave
semicircular passage as above, and employ fire-clay slabs, bricks, or iron
as above described. The semicircular blocks of carthenware rest on
a bed of earthenware, and are readily removed when desirable; two or

page_text: more arches in the length of the flue may be used if preferred. Although
we above describe the bridge as being constructed in the form of a
semicircle, an angular, octagonal, hexagonal, or other figure would
answer the purpose, yet we prefer the form first herein described, which
we have found by practical experiment to greatly economize the use
of fuel.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF LOCKING THE NUTS OF SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Vickers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1868. A communication from abroad by William Mullins, of
Pittsburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, ALBERT VICKERS, of Inverness Terrace, Bayswater, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF LOCKING THE NUTS OF SCREW BOLTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to lock the nuts of screw bolts so
as to prevent them from turning on the bolt on which they are
screwed.
It consists in the use of a pin of wrought iron or other suitable
material which is inserted under the nut near to the bolt in a groove
or slot made in the surface against which the nut is screwed. The pin
is made L-shaped or with a rectangular head, and the other end is
turned up so as to embrace the nut.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, MORE ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Casper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1868.-A communication from abroad by Francois Nicolas
Santenard, of Dijon, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD CASPER, of No. 101, Cannon Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, MORE ESPECIALLY
DESIGNED FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS," a communication, to be
as follows:-
The said Invention relates to an apparatus wherein water or other
liquid is forced by a current or blast of steam or other fluid through
a tube or passage into which the water or other liquid is admitted
through an aperture or apertures at the sides of the said passage.
The said apparatus consists essentially of peculiarly arranged tubes,
pipes, or passages, one for the steam or other forcing fluid, and the
other or others for the liquid to be raised or forced. The said tubes
are arranged at an angle to each other. The tube or passage through
which the steam or other forcing fluid passes is larger than the other
through which the liquid is drawn. The aperture through which the

page_text: water or other liquid enters the main tube or passage is formed in
front of a stop or obstruction which partially arrests the flow of the
steam or other fluid through the said main tube, and forms a partial
vacuum in front of the said aperture; the liquid thus enters freely
into the main passage or tube in front of the partial obstruction or
stop, and is there caught by the impelling fluid, which has at this
point regained its normal velocity, the liquid being carried forward
with the said fluid into the vessel or receptacle to be filled. The
efficiency of the apparatus depends mainly upon the angle at which
the two tubes or passages are arranged together, this efficiency being
increased or diminished by making such angle more or less acute.
When my improved apparatus is to be employed for supplying water
to steam boilers and for other like purposes I prefer to form in the
main tube or passage in front of the mouth or aperture through which
the water enters an opening or number of openings to admit air to
the current of steam and water. It will also be necessary in applying
my said apparatus to such purposes to provide the tube or passage which
communicates with the boiler with a check valve to prevent the return
of the water.
The apparatus requires no means for regulation or adjustment except
an ordinary stop-cock for regulating the admission of the forcing fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE MODE OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING OR ACTUATING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred John Leak and Elias:
Leak at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th August 1868.
We, ALFRED JOHN LEAK, of King Street, Hanley, in the County of
Stafford, and ELIAS LEAK, of Longton, in the County of Stafford, do'
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE MODE OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR DRIVING OR ACTUATING MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar and economical mode of driving
or actuating the machines known in the pottery trade as "jiggers,"
"lathes," and "throwing wheels," whereby the long line of expensive
shafting, with the numerous pulleys and driving straps or bands in
connection therewith hitherto employed for driving such machines, are
wholly or partially dispensed with.
According to one part of this Invention it is proposed to substitute for
straps or bands and pulleys one or more endless chains gearing into chain
pulleys or toothed wheels fast on the spindle or shaft which transmits
motion to the particular machine required. The said endless chain or

page_text: chains derive their motion originally from a chain wheel or pulley mounted
on a first motion shaft provided with a pair of ordinary fast-and-loose
driving pulleys driven by a belt or otherwise from a steam engine or other
prime mover. The endless chain, if one only be employed, passes over and
gears with the several toothed wheels or chain pulleys of a series of machines
placed side by side in a row, and thus drives them all simultaneously and
without any slip. Or if preferred several shorter endless chains may be
employed, and the toothed wheels or chain pulleys with which these
chains gear are made double the width required in the first arrangement
so as to accommodate two chains, by which motion is transmitted from
one spindle to another. These several spindles carry each a disc at one
extremity, in frictional contact with the face of which is the periphery
of a second disc or friction roller capable of sliding a feather or keyway
on its shaft by the aid of a lever worked by a stirrup or foot treadle. By
moving the latter disc or friction roller along the face of the actuating
disc so as to bring it towards or from the centre thereof, the speed of the
"jigger" or other machine driven will be varied accordingly. In some
cases, as for example in machines used for making small potteryware,
one machine may be made to transmit motion to its neighbour by con-
necting them by driving straps passed over pulleys of double width so
as to accommodate two straps on each pulley. These straps are kept in
a sufficient state of tension by the aid of tension pulleys mounted on
spring or weighted levers, such pulleys being kept constantly pressed
against the straps so long as they are intended to act.