Improvements in or relating to Pumps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 1st Sept., 1896-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1896
Improvements in or relating to Pumps.
I, JAMES WATSON of 20 Vicar Road, Anfield Road, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to pumps applicable for various purposes such as for use in
connection with extinguishing fires, for ships or garden use, for engines and for
numerous other requirements where compactness, lightness, portability and moderate
cost are a desideratum. By the invention I obtain the advantage of having the valves
easy of access for the purposes of cleaning and adjustment. The suction and
delivery valves and valve seats may be in a straight line or nearly in a straight
line and both valves are preferably arranged to open upwards and moreover they
may be arranged in or on the cover or door of the pump, and both may be taken out
at the same time.
In carrying my invention into effect, the plan I prefer is to form my pump with a
straight tube or casing having the suction at the bottom and. a delivery at the top
end. The tube may be of cast brass, cast iron or other suitable material, having an
internal pump barrel of smaller diameter with a space between the two, the internal
barrel being somewhat shorter than the outer tube so as to leave a space at the
bottom for the valves and clearance. In the barrel works the piston or bucket
which may be operated in any suitable manner by hand or steam power. The space
between the inner barrel and the outer tube is for use in connection with the delivery
of the pump and may be used if desired as an air vessel for securing a continuous and
easy delivery. A discharge pipe leading to the delivery is fixed in the space between
the outer tube and the inner barrel, an opening being provided to enable the liquid to
flow from the air vessel into the discharge pipe and be delivered at the opposite end of
the pump to the suction. The suction valve which is close to the end of the pump
barrel may be of large size in proportion to the working barrel of the pump, and
there is a direct passage on each side leading to underneath the delivery valve seat.
The suction valve enables the barrel to be quickly filled and the direct passage on each
side under the delivery enables a steady and easy flow to be delivered.
The smaller class of pump will not require any flexible hose or fixed stand and are
easily worked by holding in the hand like a syringe and can even be carried in the
pocket. For military purposes and for fire extinguishing they can be fixed in a
central rounded movable ball-joint, jointed to the bottom of a pail or other vessel, and
the pump can be screwed in and worked with one hand while leaving the other hand
free. It may also be used as a fire pump for lofty warehouses. The larger sizes of
pump may be mounted on a stand and held firmly by the foot of the operator or
otherwise, and require only a short length of delivery hose and any required length
of suction hose. The pump stand and apparatus are all contained in a neat form
within the air vessel or outer casing which may be of cast iron. The valves can be
taken out very quickly by taking off the door at the bottom of the pump. My
invention also includes the making of a pump with plain barrel, and separate air
vessel or made only as a lift pump without air vessel where large quantities of water
only require to be lifted but not forced. It must be understood that the suction can be
taken from either bottom or top, bottom or side of pump and the delivery also at the

page_text: side, bottom or top. The pump complete with internal air chamber can be in outward
appearance practically a plain tube or barrel having the suction and the discharge at
opposite ends or at the same end.
The valves I propose to use may be of leather or the like stamped or cut out to the
required shape, the valves and hinges or joints being in one piece and both valves
which lift upwards are supported by studs or otherwise. The seats of these valves are
in the cover of the pump, the suction being at one side, and the delivery at the other
with holes or passages which enable the liquid when forced by the pump to pass
underneath the delivery valve, and so out through that valve to the air vessel. The
valves may however be partly of metal with leather hinges or joints. They may be
conical with rounded ends or hollowed out at the top side, and may have faced joints,
or thin suitable joints for hot liquids or for high pressures. Another form of valve is a
conical thin metal valve in which both the valves and their spring connection are
stamped out of the same piece, or they may be stamped out separate or cast and
connected by a spring from centre to centre of the valves either at the top or bottom
by a pin or stud, nut or head suitable for setting and tightening. Light spiral
springs may be used in connection with those valves if so desired.
It must be understood that I may construct my pump as a double action pump on
exactly the same principle as above described with the valves opening upwards
and with two barrels having either buckets or plungers and all enclosed in an air
vessel.
Dated this 4th day of Dreambru 100K
1, JAMES WATSON of 20 Vicar Road, Anfield Road, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pumps applicable for various purposes such as for use in
connection with extinguishing fires, for ships or garden use, for engines and for
numerous other requirements where compactness, lightness, portability and moderate
cost are a desideratum. By the invention I obtain the advantage of having the
valves easy of access for the purposes of cleaning and adjustment. The suction and
delivery valves and valve seats may transversely be in a straight line or nearly in a
straight line and both valves are preferably arranged to open upwards and moreover
they may be arranged in or on the cover or door of the pump, and both may be taken
out at the same time.
The invention will be understood from the following description, reference being
had to the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my single action force pump;
Figure 2 a front elevation thereof;
Figure 3 a cross section on the line a-b (Fig. 1);
Figure 4 a cross section on the line c-d (Fig. 1);
Figure 5 a top plan of the valve chamber or cover which forms the lid of the
pump tube;
Figure 6 a cross section of said chamber on the line e- (Fig. 1);
Figure 7 a sectional elevation of my double action single piston force pump;
Figure 8 a front elevation thereof;

page_text: Figure 12 a cross section through the pump on the line g―h, Figure 7;
Figure 13 a plan of the bottom of the pump;
Figure 14 a plan of the valves;
Figure 15 a plan of the valve chamber; and
Figure 16 a plan of the bottom cover of the pump.
Referring to the single action pump set forth in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive, I form
the same with a tube A or casing having a suction B at the bottom and a
delivery C at the top. The tube A may be of cast brass, cast iron, or any other
suitable material having an internal pump barrel D of smaller diameter with a space
between the two. In the barrel D works the piston E which may be operated in any
suitable manner by hand or steam power. The space between the inner barrel D and
the outer tube A is for use in connection with the delivery C of the pump, and may
be used, if desired, as an air vessel for ensuring a continuous and easy delivery.
A discharge pipe F leading to the delivery C is fixed in the space between the outer
tube A and the inner barrel D, the liquid flowing from the air vessel A into the
discharge pipe F and delivered at C. The top of the tube A has the cover a while
the bottom is provided with a partition a' which separates the barrel D from the
delivery F. G is a hollow cover or valve chamber in which the seats of the suction
and delivery valves are contained, this chamber being divided by the partition g.
H is the suction valve and I the delivery valve which are close to the end of the
pump barrel D. J. are direct passages, one on each side, leading to the hollow valvo
chamber underneath the delivery valve I. The suction valve H enables the barrel to
be quickly filled, and the direct passages at each side leading to under the delivery
enable a steady and easy flow to be delivered. Both valves are capable of lifting
upwards only. The chamber G forms the lid or cover of the pump tube.
The mode of action is as follows:-
--
When the piston E is raised, water is drawn through the suction orifice B and
valve H into the pump barrel or cylinder D, the valve I being closed. In forcing the
piston E downwards, the valve H closes, and the water contained in the barrel is
forced through the orifices J into that half of the chamber G below the delivery
valve I and through said valve to the air vessel A from whence it flows to the
delivery C. The smaller class of pump will not require any flexible hose or fixed
stand and are easily worked by holding in the hand like a syringe, and can even be
carried in the pocket. For military purposes and for fire extinguishing, they can
be provided with a ball K secured to the end of a screw k which ball works in
the socket K. By this means the pump can be worked with one hand while
leaving the other hand free. It can also be used as a fire pump for lofty warehouses.
The larger sizes of pumps may be mounted on a stand and held firmly by the foot
of the operator or otherwise, and require only a short length of delivery hose and
any required length of suction hose. The entire mechanism of the pump is contained
compactly within the air vessel or outer casing A. The valves can be taken out very
quickly by taking off the valve chamber G at bottom of pump. It must be under-
stood that the suction can be taken from either bottom or top or bottom or side
of pump, and the delivery at the side, bottom or top. The pump complete with
internal air chamber A is in outward appearance practically a plain tube or barrel
having the suction and discharge at opposite ends or at the same end.
It must be understood that I may construct my pump as a double action pump on
substantially the same principle as above described, with the valves opening upwards
and with two barrels all enclosed in an air vessel. An arrangement of this kind is
set forth in Figures 7-16 inclusive in which those parts which correspond to the parts in
the preceding figures are indicated by similar reference letters.
This class of pump consists substantially in combining with the single action pum,
an auxiliary barrel or passage L and auxiliary valves H' and I'. This auxiliary

page_text: barrel L communicates at the top with the pump barrel D by means of a passage D'
and at the bottom with the suction valve H₁ and delivery valve I'. H and H' are the
two suction valves and I and I' the two delivery valves, the corresponding valve seats
in the valve chamber or cover G being indicated by the same reference letters. L'is
a partition in the hollow valve chamber separating the valves H and H' from the
valves I and I and M a partition separating the valve 1 from the valve I', thus
forming three separate compartments NO and P, a' are partitions in the end of the pump
which divide the bottom into three compartments, namely the compartment Q which
is in communication with the working barrel D, the compartment R in communication
with the auxiliary barrel L and the compartment S in communication with the air
vessel A and discharge pipe F. These three compartments Q R and S are in turn in
communication with the respective valves, namely Q with valve H, R with valve H'
and S with valves I and I'. The result is that in raising the piston, water is drawn
through suction orifice B direct into the pump barrel D through the compartment N
in the valve chamber, valve H and compartment Q, the water which exists in the
barrel D above the piston E being simultaneously delivered through C by being forced
through the barrel L, compartment R, orifice J into compartment O under valve I, thence
into air chamber A. During the downward stroke of the piston in the barrel D the
valve H closes and the water in the barrel D is discharged at the delivery by being
forced through compartment Q, orifice J into compartment P below valve I and so
through the valve to the air chamber, the pressure of the water lifting the valve I.
Simultaneously water is being drawn into the pump barrel D above the piston through
the suction orifice B, compartment N valve H, compartment R and auxiliary barrel L
ready for discharge as soon as the upward stroke of the piston again takes place.
The valves I propose to use, may be of leather, segments of circles being cut in
the leather washer or sheet T and the tongues thus formed being the valves which are
strengthened by the brass washers U. These valves rest on the valve seats of the
chamber G and all the valves lift upwards. I do not, however, confine myself to this
special construction of valve, as other species of valves may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The improvement in force pumps, which consists in arranging within one outer
tube or casing the working barrel of the pump, said barrel being of so much smaller
diameter than the outer casing as to leave an air chamber or annular space between,
in combination with a removable hollow cover at the end of the outer casing having
suction and delivery valves arranged in connection therewith, substantially as described.
2. In double acting force pumps in which the liquid to be raised is introduced by
suction alternately at each side of the piston, the use or employment of two cylinders
or barrels controlled by one piston, in combination with two sets of suction and
delivery valves, so arranged that the one cylinder below the piston is in communication
with one set of valves, and the other cylinder with the other set, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
3. In combination with the matter set forth in Claim 1, the auxiliary barrel or
passage L and auxiliary suction and delivery valves H' and I substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
4. In a force pump in which the working barrel is contained within an outer tube
or casing of considerably larger diameter than the barrel, providing one end of said
tube with a hollow removable valve, chamber or cover having suction and delivery
valves, so arranged that the working barrel is in direct communication with the top
side of the suction valves, and with the under side of the delivery valves.
5. In a force pump in which the working barrel is contained within an outer casing
of considerably larger diameter than the barrel, the arrangement of both the suction
and delivery valves in or on a chambered cover, which forms the lid of the pump
substantially as described, whereby ready access can be had to the valves by lifting
the cover aforesaid without disturbing any other part.

page_text: 6. The respective arrangements of valve chambers or covers forming the lids of
the pump casings, substantially as described.
7. The general combined arrangement and construction of parts forming my
improved force pumps, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
ated this 31st day of August 1896.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.