IM- PROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND BARRING SOAP
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfteld, of Loughborough
Park, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND BARRING SOAP."-A communication from
abroad by Silas Divine, residing at New York, United States of
America.
Sealed the 26th February 1869, and dated the 7th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th November 1868.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON, BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND BARRING SOAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention has, for its object improvements in cooling and barring soap.
For this purpose soap whilst in the hot and fluid state is intro-
duced into metallic tubes of the size and shape required for bars
of soap and is allowed to congeal therein, and is subsequently forced out
therefrom in the form of long bars, which may be cut up into any lengths
[Price Sd.]

page_text: required. It is preferred to form the pipes of copper, and in order that the
cooling of the soap may be effected rapidly the exterior of the
pipes is surrounded by water contained in a tank, through the
opposite sides of which the ends of the pipes are passed by water-tight joints.
The pipes may be filled with hot soap by pumping or otherwise,
and after the soap is congealed it may be expelled from the tube by a piston
or plunger fitting the bore of the pipe, or by pneumatic, hydrostatic pressure,
or otherwise; the plan which is preferred is to expel the cold
bar with hot soap forced into the pipe at one of its ends by a pump, the con-
gealed soap leaving the pipe at its other end. Pipes of about 12
feet in length are employed by preference, and in order that a number of tubes
may be operated by one pump in succession and without interruption
I connect the ends of the several pipes by means of branch pipes
with the one supply pipe, through which the hot soap is supplied
by the pump.
Each of these branch pipes is fitted with a cock,
so that the passage through them can be opened or closed at pleasure; and
in order that the soap may not congeal in these branch pipes and cocks they
are kept immersed in hot water contained in a small tank or com-
partment at the end of the cold water tank which contains the several moulding
pipes. The pipes for moulding the soap can be made of other than rectangular
forms, if desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her
special licence that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should

page_text: F
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND BARRING SOAP,"
a communication to him from abroad by Silas Divine, a person resident at
New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The nature of the Invention consists in introducing soap while in the hot
and fluid state into metallic tubes of the size and shape required for bars of
soap, allowing it to congeal, and subsequently forcing out the soap
in the form of a long bar to be cut in lengths that may be required. To
enable others skilled in the art to make and use the Invention I will proceed
to describe its construction and operation. I construct the pipes of
iron, brass, copper, or other metal of a rectangular or other form to serve as
a mould for the soap. A's a material for pipes I prefer copper
as it possesses great conductive power for heat, and may be made compara-
tively thin and light and yet have sufficient strength to withstand
the pressure necessary in expelling the cold bar of soap. For
cooling the soap rapidly I immerse the pipes in cold water, which end is
secured by employing a tank of suitable dimensions, and allowing the tubes
to protrude through opposite sides or ends to the tank by watertight joints and
filling the tank with water sufficient to surround the tubes
side. I prefer to lay the pipes horizontally in the tank for con-
venience of working. The pipes may be filled with hot soap by exhausting
the air at one end and allowing the soap to flow in at the other
by letting it run in from a reservoir (one end of the tube being stopped) by
pumping or other convenient means. After the soap congeals the bar may
on every

page_text: be expelled from the tube by a piston or plunger fitting the bore
of the tube or by pneumatic or hydrostatic pressure; but the plan
which I practically employ is to expel the cold bar with hot soap
forced in by a pump at one end, the congealed soap leaving at the other. I
do not entirely expel the hard soap from the tube, but leave a
short length within the tube to serve as a plug to prevent the
fluid soap from running out. I find that it is not practicable to use tubes of
very great length, on account of the great pressure required in forcing cold
soap from a tube, and the consequent increase of power required and the
danger of bursting the pipes. I employ pipes twelve feet long,
and when they are rectangular of the size 24 x 24 inches the initial pressure
required to move the cold soap amounts to 200 lbs. or 220 lbs. per
square inch.
After the cohesion of the congealed soap to the sides
of the tube is broken the pressure required to keep the bar moving will not
exceed 40 lbs. to the square inch. Now to operate a number of tubes in suc-
cession with one pump and without interruption I employ the follow-
ing means, and
here reference will be had to the accompanying
Drawing.
the shorter one containing
This latter compartment con-
congealing in the switch
A, A, A, are pipes for moulding the soap, said pipes being laid in the tank;
B, B, B, are small pipes with union coupling; C, C, C, are cocks
for letting in and shutting off hot soap; these cocks I denominate switch
cocks; D is a distributing pipe connecting with the whole series of switch
pipes; E is a pipe connecting the distributing pipe and pump; F is the tank
divided into two compartments, the longer one containing the soap
tubes surrounded with cold water, and
the switch pipes, cocks, and distributing pipes.
tains hot water to keep the soap from
pipes and distributing pipe. Suppose the whole series of pipes to
be filled with cold soap and all the cocks, closed, now when the first cock is
opened and the pumps set in action forcing in hot
bar of soap will be expelled from the other end of the tube. When it is nearly
expelled (leaving enough for a plug to retain the fluid soap) the second cock
is opened and the first shut off, when another bar will be expelled from the
second tube, and so on through the series, all the cocks being operated in succes-
sion. Cold water is kept constantly running in the tank containing the
soap tubes, the surplus water running out by an overflow. The tubes for
moulding the soap can be made of other than rectangular forms, if desired.
The bars as they issue from the tubes can be received upon a table and
soap, the cold

page_text: cut into such lengths as may be required. The advantages of this
mode of cooling and barring soap are a saving of time and labor.
The soap
is harder when made by this method. The bars in drying preserve their form
better than those made by the present methods, as they shrink equally and do
not warp.
What I claim as the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,
1st. Cooling soap in the form of bars in tubes of metal.
2nd. Cooling the soap by means of water surrounding the tubes.
3rd. Forcing the soap from the tubes by pneumatic, hydrostatic, or
piston pressure, or by displacement with hot soap introduced by pumps or
otherwise.
4th. Switching from one tube to another, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)