IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN MINERAL LUBRICATING OILS AND PARAFFIN."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph James Coleman, of Young's Paraffin Light
and Mineral Oil Company (Limited), of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN MINERAL LUBRICATING OILS AND PARAFFIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph James Coleman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th December 1870.
I, JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, of Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral
5 Oil Company (Limited), of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN MINERAL LUBRICATING OILS AND
PARAFFIN," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has in the first place for its object the imparting of the
quality technically understood as "body" to lubricating oils. The said
lubricating oils are obtained from crude coal oil, petroleum, peat, or turf

page_text: oil by processes of refining and treatment by acids and alkalies, and
known in the market as refined mineral oils. These oils may be used
either alone or in combination or admixture with other oils, and the
"body" is imparted by combining with the said lubricating oils a
certain proportion of caoutchouc or india-rubber, preferably from 1 to 2
per cent. of caoutchouc, or thereabouts, when the lubricant is intended
for heavy classes of machinery, and from ¼ to ½ of one per cent., or
thereabouts, when the lubricant is intended for light classes of machinery.
The combination of the caoutchouc or india-rubber with the oils is pre-
ferred to be effected by first immersing the caoutchouc in the form of
sheet in the oils herein-before referred to, the whole being kept at a
temperature of 100°, (say, one hundred degrees Fahrenheit,) or there-
abouts, and the complete solution of the caoutchouc or its combination
with the oils is effected by the action upon the liquid of a mechanical
agitator or dasher for 24 hours, or thereabouts,
In the second place this Invention has for its object the imparting to
solid paraffin certain qualities, such as tenacity or toughness, and this
object is also effected by combining a portion of caoutchouc or india-
rubber therewith by the aid of heat and agitation. The combination of
the caoutchouc with the paraffin is preferred to be effected by first
melting the paraffin, and whilst it is in the liquid state, and at a
temperature of 150°, (say, one hundred and fifty degrees Fahrenheit,)
or thereabouts, from ½ of one per cent. to 5 per cent. of caoutchouc is
added, and the mixture agitated at that temperature until the two are
thoroughly incorporated. The compound thus obtained may be used for
insulating metallic or other surfaces, to which it adheres better than
ordinary paraffin, or for making candles, which are less liable to be
affected by a heated apartment than when made of ordinary paraffin,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph James Coleman in the Great Seal Patent 3
Office on the 12th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JAMES COLEMAN, of Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company
(Limited), of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Chemist,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
34th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph James Coleman, Her special
license that I, the said Joseph James Coleman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph James Coleman,
my executors, administrators, or assigns; should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN MINERAL LUBRICATING OILS AND PARAFFIN,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph James
Coleman, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph James Coleman, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to
say:
My said Invention has for its object in the first place to impart to
lubricating oils known in the market as refined mineral oils, obtained
by processes of refining and treatment by acids and alkalies from crude
oil distilled from coal or peat, or from petroleum, rock, or earth oils,
found naturally in the liquid state, and which may be used alone or in
admixture with other oils, the quality technically known as "body," and
baving as an essential feature the production of an oil practically free
from pungent odour, of a permanent light yellowish or brownish yellow
colour, similar to the colour of sperm oil, and of such body as enables it
to be used with practical success for such lubricating purposes as those
for which rape oil, olive oil, lard oil, and neatsfoot oil are now ordinarily
used; in other words, the result of my Invention is, the production of
an oil from the substances herein-before recited similar in character and
adapted for the same purposes as the oil prepared from the treatment of
shale oil, as set forth in the Specification filed under Letters Patent

page_text: Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
carrying out the same in practice, I wish it to be understood that what I
consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The improvement of refined mineral oil obtained from crude oil
distilled from coal or peat, or from petroleum, or other naturally liquid
rock or earth hydrocarbons, by the herein-before described processes, 80
as to obtain a product, which, whilst being practically free from pungent
odour, and of a light yellowish or brownish yellow colour, similar to that
of sperm oil, is so far improved in body as to be applicable for lubricating
the journals or bearings of ordinary shafting, as met with in mills and
factories, the crank shafts of locomotive, marine, or stationary engines,
and the journals of railway, coal pit, or other wagons and carriages, and
in general other similar classes of machinery, and which can be used
for lubricating purposes either alone or mixed with the fatty oils
commonly employed for such machinery.
Second. The combining of caoutchouc with solid paraffin or paraffin
wax, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph James Coleman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.