Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Rugs, Mats, Carpets, and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 2nd Feb., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by REUBEN GRUBB, of 2837, Otsego Street,
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Carpet
Designer.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Rugs, Mats,
Carpets, and the like.
I JOSEPH FELS of Savoy House 115 Strand Loudon in the County of
Middlesex Soap Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for manufacturing rugs,
mats carpets and the like of the class formed of a body or piece of suitable
material with tufts of yarn passed through the same and appearing on the faces
thereof.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I will proceed to
explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheets of drawings in
which:-
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of the apparatus employed for manufacturing
a rug mat, carpet or the like in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 2 represents a partial side elevation and partial vertical section of a portion
of the apparatus.
.
Fig. 3 represents a plan view of a portion of the apparatus.
Fig. 4 represents a vertical section of a portion of the apparatus.
Fig. 5 represents a partial side elevation and partial vertical section of the
apparatus.
Fig. 6 represents a vertical section of a portion of the apparatus; certain parts
being in different positions from those shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 represents a plan view of the knife employed for cutting the yarn and
connected parts thereof:
Fig. 8 represents a side elevation of the knife and adjacent parts.
Fig. 9 represents a perspective view partly sectional of the frame for locating
the yarn on the apparatus.
Fig. 10 represents a partial side elevation and partial vertical section of a portion
of the apparatus on a reduced scale.
Fig. 11 represents a plan view of a strip or band on which a knife travels, of same
scale as Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 represents a sectional view of a portion of a rug, mat, carpet or the like
as produced by the apparatus on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 13 represents a perspective view of the body or piece of material employed
in the manufacture of a rug, mat carpet or the like in accordance with the
invention.
Similar letters of referènce indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
A is the frame of the apparatus in the upper portion of which are secured a
series of plates B, one placed above another and separated, leaving spaces C
between adjacent plates so that bodies or pieces D of material may be placed in
the same, it being noticed that said bodies, which may be made of soft rubber or
other suitable material, are perforated, so that yarn or thread E may be inserted in
09

page_text: the perforations and thus to form tufts on both sides of the said bodies as will be
hereinafter described.
.
The plates B are serrated as at F forming the slots G which are adapted to
receive hooks H which draw the yarn or thread E through the perforations in the
bodies, the said hooks being connected with a rising and falling cross head D₁
guided in the frame A and said cross head D' receiving motion by means of
screws J which are rotated by worm wheels K' thereon which mesh with worms L'
on a shaft M'.
N are sliding plates the same being in line with the plates B and provided with
the side extensions P. which travel in the guides Q secured to the frame A as
shown in Fig. 3.
Secured to the edges of the plates N are fingers T which are guided in the
plates B, and whose free ends are adjacent to the slots J in said plates B and
adapted at certain times to press against the feeding pins K working in said slots
so as to advance the said feeding pins and carry with them the bodies D for the
purpose hereinafter described.
In said extensions P of the plates N are the openings R in which work the
eccentrics S said eccentrics being secured to the shafts a having thereon the beve!
gear wheels Z which mesh with the bevel gear wheels A on the shaft B¹ which is
journaled in the frame A. Secured to said shaft B' is a lever C¹ whereby the
same cau be rotated thus imparting motion to the shafts a and thereby to the
eccentrics S and plates N.
The feeding pins K are secured to a sliding plate U which is guided on a rising
and falling cross head V the latter being mounted on the frame A. The motions
imparted to the sliding plates N are transmitted to said plate U by means of
rods W which are connected with said plates N and U, the lower ends of said rods
being loosely fitted in openings in the plate U so as to permit said plate to raise
and lower on said rods without transmitting similar motions to said rods Was
shown in Fig. 2. The plate U is connected, with the cross head V by bolts X
which enter slots Y in said plate, it being evident that by this connection said
plate will rise and fall with the cross head V and also move to and fro with the
sliding plates N so as to press the fingers T against the feeding pins K and move
the same with the body D, the object of these various motions being to cause the
feeding pins K to pass through the perforations in the bodies D and when required
to carry the latter forward.
The plates Bare also provided with grooves L in which travel the edges of
knives M adapted to cut the yarn passed through the perforations in the bodies D
as shown in Fig. 8.
Plates Y' extending from the ends of the frame A, parallel with the plates 13
serve as guides for the knives M, said knives being adapted to be drawn to and fro
by means of wires Z' or in lieu thereof cords, chains or by any other suitable means
which may be operated by hand or in any suitable manner, it being noticed that
the shanks M' of the knives are slotted as at D' as shown in said Figure 8 to
receive said plates Y and slide therein, the friction being greatly reduced by
rollers E mounted within said slots and contacting with the edge of the plates
when the knives are in motion.
The plates Y are kept taut on the frame A by means of pins A² which enter
openings B in the plates, it being noticed that one of said pins A' is engaged by
screws C and that when it is desired to tighten said plates, by properly rotating
the screws Cthey cause the pin A to move from the frame A and thus prevent
sagging of said plates.
Motion is imparted to the cross head V by screws E' which are rotated by
the worm wheels F1 thereon which mesh with worms G¹ mounted on a shaft H'.
In order to cause the screws E' to revolve from right to left, a clutch N¹ secure:!
to the shaft H' is caused to engage a pulley P¹ loosely mounted on said shaft and
driven by an open belt Q¹. When it is desired to reverse the motion of the
screws E the clutch N' is caused to engage a pulley R' loosely mounted on the

page_text: shaft H' and driven by a cross belt S¹, it being evident that the cross head V will
be either raised or lowered according to the direction in which the screws E'
revolve.
In order to cause the screws J' to revolve from right to left, a clutch T¹ secured
to the shaft M is caused to engage a pulley U¹ loosely mounted on the said shaft
and driven by a cross belt V₁. When it is desired to reverse the motion of said
screws J the clutch. T is caused to engage a pulley W1, loosely mounted on the
shaft M' and driven by an open belt X¹.
Mounted within the shanks of the knives M are eccentrics F adapted to act as
an abutment for the knife blades Git being noticed that any wear on said portion
may be taken up by said eccentrics and the latter after being adjusted may be
firmly retained in position by screws H2 working in segmental slots J in said
shanks.
K is a frame provided at opposite sides with slots L' and M2 through which is
passed the yarn to be supplied from a reel, cop or the like the slots L² being open
from below so clearly shown in Figs. 6 and 9.
Secured to the frame A above the plates B is a box N' open at top and bottom
and formed of pieces which have on their inner upper edges the cushions P³ of soft
rubber or other suitable material. The frame K' is adapted to be seated in said
box N2 and when in position the cushions P2 contact with the sides of said frame K³
and engage the yarns E so that the portion thereof within said box is held perfectly
taut when fed to the hooks H but when the latter exert a downward force or pull
on the said yarn the slight tension of the cushion on the yarn is overcome to such
an extent that it permits the movement of the yarn from both sides so that a double
thread may be drawn through each of the openings in the bodies D.
The operation is as follows:-A body or piece D of perforated rubber or any
other suitable material is inserted (in the present case by hand) in each space C
and advanced therein until the foremost row of openings in said body is in alignment
with the row of hooks H which latter are in their lowermost position or below the
plates B (see Fig. 4).
The clutch T is then caused to engage with the revolving pulley U₁ which
owing to the worms L' and worm wheels K₁ causes the screws J¹ to revolve and
thereby the crosshead D₁ is raised so that the hooks H secured to the same will
enter and pass through the aligned perforations in the several bodies D and their
noses project above the latter so that the yarn in the frame K2 may be supplied to
sail hooks (see Figs. 6 and 9).
The clutch T is disengaged from the pulley U₁ as soon as the hooks H have
been raised the desired distance.
The frame Khaving had yarn passed between the slots L² (in the present case
by hand) and drawn through its slots M2 (see Fig. 9) is inserted in the box formed
by the pieces N' as shown in Fig. 6, it being noticed that the distance between the
slots L and the distance between the slots M² is the same as that between the
hooks H (see Fig. 9).
The clutch N is then caused to engage with the revolving pulley P1 which
owing to the worms G¹ and worm wheels F¹ causes the screws E' to revolve and
thereby the crosshead V (which was in it's lowermost position) is raised so that the
feeding pins K secured to the same will enter the aligned perforations in the
several bodies D (see Fig. 6)—the clutch N₁ being disengaged from the pulley P¹
when said feeding pins K have been raised the desired distance..
The clutch T₁ is then caused to engage with the revolving pulley X which
owing to the worms L' and worm wheels K' causes the screws J to revolve in an
opposite direction from that described in connection with the pulley U' so that the
cross head D' is lowered and with it the hooks H the latter in descending engaging
and carrying with them the yarn they received from the frame K2 and drawing a
double strand through the perforations in the bodies D. Each koife blade E
which is normally at the extremity of one supporting plate Y' is then drawn from
one end of the latter to the opposite one by the wires Z' either from right to left

page_text: or vice versa as the case may be so as to cut the tightly held yarn in their path as
shown in Figs. 6 and 8 and thereby disconnect one body D from another and leave
the yarn in the perforations in each body D projecting from both faces thereof so
as to form tufts as shown in Fig. 12.
The parts are so timed that when one row of openings in the body pieces has
been tufted the operation of the sliding plates N laterally moves the rods W and
the plate U with the feeding pins so that the body pieces D are advanced in
the frame and another row of openings is in line with the hooks H when the latter
are rising and the operation as before described is repeated.
The yarn is placed in the frame K' by hand or by any suitable mechanism
before each rising of the hooks H so as to be in the path of the said hooks on
their descent and be engaged by the same.
The hooks H are comparatively thicker than the yarn or thread they carry so
that the former in passing through the perforations in the bodies D temporarily
stretch the material thereof and increase the size of said perforations thus
providing means whereby the yarn in the hooks may easily pass through said
perforations after which the walls of the perforations will contract or resume
their original size owing to the nature of the bodies D and will thereby close
around the yarn in the perforation and firmly hold the same in position while the
portions of yarn not in contact with the bodies D will spread and form tufts
as shown in Fig. 12.
After a set of bodies D have been tufted or converted into rugs, mats,
carpets or the like a new set of bodies may be inserted in the spaces C and the
operation as described herein repeated.
The operation herein before described is repeated each time a row of perforations
is brought in the path of the hooks H by the action of the feeding pins K
advancing the bodies D until the desired length of the rug, mat, carpet or the
like has been obtained when the rug, mat, carpet or the like is removed and
another series of bodies D may be placed in the apparatus and the operation
herein before described of forming a rug, mat carpet or the like repeated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is:-
1. In an apparatus for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like, a frame,
a series of plates supported thereon, and having intervening spaces, a rising and
falling crosshead provided with hooks movable in slots in said plates, mechanism
for feeding yarn to said hooks, a second rising and falling cross head having
independent operating mechanism from said first mentioned crosshead, a plate
laterally guided on said second cross head and having feeding pins connected
therewith means for connecting said latter mentioned plate to said second cross-
head so as to vertically inove therewith, a sliding plate with fingers engaging said
feeding pins, and a rod connected with said sliding plate and loosely fitting in
said feeding pin plate, said parts being combined substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. The supporting plates B having the slots G and J therein, the vertically
moving hooks H, mechanism for supplying yarn to said hooks substantially as
described the sliding plates N within the openings R therein, the eccentrics S in
said openings and the shafts a and operating gearing thereof, in combination with
the fingers T secured to said sliding plates, the feeding pius K adapted to be
pressed by said fingers, and mechanism substantially as described for raising and
lowering said pins as stated.
3. The plates B having two series of slots therein, the hooks H working in one
series of said slots, and the feeding pins K working in the other series, the sliding
plate U with which said pins are connected, the rising and falling cross head V
for said plate U, the rods W and the sliding plates N said rods being attached
to said plates N and loosely fitted in said plate U and mechanism for supplying

page_text: yarn to said hooks H said parts being combined substantially as herein before
described.
4. The supporting plates B, the hooks H movable in slots in said plates..
Imechanism for supplying yarn to said hooks, the feeding pins K, the plate U
carrying said pins, the cross head V supporting the plate U, the sliding plates N
with the fingers T, the rods W attached to the said sliding plates and freely
inserted in the plate U, the latter having the slots Y through which passes the
bolt X connecting the plate U with the cross head V and permitting sliding
motions thereof while said plate U rises and falls on said rods W, and means for
raising and lowering said crosshead, said parts being combined substantially as
described.
5. An apparatus for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like having a
frame, a series of supporting plates with intervering spaces, and having the slots G
and J therein, a rising and falling cross head having hooks attached thereto,
mechanism for supplying yarn to said hooks, a rotatable shaft with worms thereon,.
screws working in said cross head and having worm wheels thereon meshing with
said worms, a plate with feeding pins thereon, and mechanism substantially as
described for laterally moving said feeding pins, said parts being combined
substantially as described.
6. In a machine for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like the plates B.
baving therein the slots G and J, the hooks H working in said slots G, mechanism
for operating said hooks, mechanism for supplying yarn to said hooks, the feeding
pins K with mechanism for raising and lowering the same, plates N with fingers T
guided in the plates B and mechanism for laterally moving said plates N said parts.
being combined substantially as described.
7. In a machine for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like the plates B
having the slots G and J therein, hooks with mechanism for working the same as
described in said slots G, mechanism for feeding yarn to said hooks, feeding pins
with mechanism for raising and lowering the same, mechanism for laterally moving
said pins in said slots J and reciprocating knives for cutting said yarn, said parts
being combined substantially as described.
8. An apparatus for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like having a
frame, supporting plates thereon and having spaces between them, said plates.
having two series of slots therein, a row of hooks with mechanism for imparting
a rising and falling motion thereto, a row of feeding pins secured to a sliding
plate with mechanism for imparting a rising and falling motion to the same,
mechanism for imparting a lateral reciprocating motion to said pins, and a yarn
holding mechanism, said parts being combined substantially as described.
9. The frame K³ with yarn directing slots L' M' the box N' in which said frame
is seated, the plates B below said box, the hooks H adapted to pass through said
plates into said box so as to engage the yarn therein, and mechanism for raising
and lowering said hooks, said parts being combined substantially as described.
10. In an apparatus substantially as described the slotted frame K2 in
combination with the box N2, the supporting plates B and the books H with means
for operating the same said box having facings or cushions P with which the yarn
from said frame is in contact, said parts being combined substantially as
described.
11. An apparatus for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like having a
series of supporting plates with intervening spaces each of said series of plates
having slots therein, a vertically-movable hook working in a slot in each of said
plates, mechanism for feeding yarn to said hooks, a series of sliding plates provided
with fingers, mechanism for reciprocating said sliding plates, a sliding cross head
having a sliding plate connected therewith, feeding pins on said plate adapted to
be engaged by said fingers and having both vertical and longitudinal movements
in slots in said supporting plates, mechanism for raising and lowering said cross
head, and mechanism for reciprocating said sliding plates, said parts being combined
substantially as described.

page_text: 12. In an apparatus for manufacturing rugs, mats, carpets and the like a
supporting plate with slots therein, a cross head with mechanism for raising and
lowering the same, a reciprocating plate with fingers, a rod connected with said
reciprocating plate, a plate with a slot therein connected with said cross head so
as to rise and fall therewith and to slide thereon, said plate being movable on
said rod, feeding pins secured to said sliding plate on said cross head, and vertically
moving hooks with mechanism for feeding yarn to the same, said parts being
combined substantially as described.
Dated this 24th day of October 1894.
H. C. FOWLER,
Agent for Applicant.