Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps for Lighting and
Heating Purposes.
I, GEORGE ROSE of 3 Avenue Place Springburn Glasgow in the County of Lanark,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:
This invention relates to spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes and it has
for its object to construct a cheap and efficient lamp of this class.
The lamp as constructed under this invention consists of a tank or reservoir con-
taining minéral or other oil which is or may be forced up to the burner of the lamp
Situated preferably
through a pipe connection by an air pump or by other means.
on the top of this oil tank is a burner of improved construction consisting of a
cylindrical or other shaped chamber or casing, having a cover screwed on its upper
end, on this cover a mixing chamber is screwed or otherwise fitted in position throngh
holes in which air to support combustion is allowed to enter, the air passing to the burner
through a central hole made in the cover, this hole which is rabetted or tapered inwards is
so made as to surround the point of a nipple screwed into the side or bottom of the
casing. Steam is or may be supplied to the nipple from a steam generating coil
tube or pipe which is secured vertically in position above the mixing chamber. This
steam pipe I prefer to form at its lower end in a number of close coils or turns
which taper conewise towards their base and surround the flame issuing from the
burner, at its upper end the steam pipe extends straight up to the top or other part
of the flame where it is again coiled in one or two turns (these turns may be circular
or rectangular in plan as desired) and again led downwards in a straight piece to a
chamber at the under side of the burner. This chamber serves as an expansion
chamber and is provided with a piece of wire gauze or perforated metal fitted in it, to
prevent scale or dirt entering the steam nipple to which preferably at its upper end,
it is screwed. The coil steain tube may if desired be made in two parts jointed at
the straight portions so that the top and highly heated part may be renewed when
necessary.

page_text: The water in the coil tube which is or may be supplied from the cistern, main,
or other source of water supply through a coupling, provided with a regulating
cock or valve, at its lower end is heated by the flame passing through the coils and
thus generates sufficient steam to spray the oil.
The oil is led from the oil tank or reservoir through a suitable pipe connection, having
a regulating cock or valve on it, to the burner the casing of which it fills to such a height
that the steam issuing from the nipple will spray it. The oil at the same time is kept heated
by being in the casing. As a special feature to prevent grit or dirt in the oil entering the
casing and to prevent the oil admission valve clogging, a conical piece is inserted in the
oil supply pipe, this cone piece has a small oil admission hole cut or bored in its apex of
just sufficient size to supply a proper quantity of oil to the burner to give a clear
and steady light, and in conjuction with this cone piece there may also be used a
small spindle or wire so fitted in a cross piece on the oil supply pipe that the wire
shall be directly in line with the hole in the apex of the cone. The spindle or wire
may pass through a stuffing box in one of the branches of the cross piece and by
turning or pushing it forward the wire will penetrate the hole in the cone and so
clear away any obstruction which may occasionally clog it up. The lower branch of
the cross piece may be used as a drip to carry off sediment collecting in the oil
supply pipe. The regulating cone herein before described may be used with any class
of mineral oil lamp and in that class of oil lamp wherein the oil is ejected from a
nipple, it enables the hole in such nipple to be made larger than as heretofore used
and thus prevents the liability to clog arising from a small hole.
The oil instead of being contained in a tank from which it is forced to the burner
by an air or other pump, may be supplied to the lamp by gravitation; and in some
cases the cylindrical or other casing of the burner may be used as a steam receiver,
instead of for oil, in which case the oil is conveyed to the central nipple, a screw
plug with a number of small holes or an annular reducing ring being inserted in the
opening in the cylinder cover to regulate the steam outflow.
Under a modification the tank herein before described as the oil tank may be used
as a water reservoir, the water being supplied to the steam coil under pressure by
means of a force pump fitted on or in connection with it. In this case the oil may
be supplied by gravitation or a separate compartment may be made by a suitable
partition in the water tank to hold the oil, the oil and also the water being forced up
to the lamp by an air pump suitably connected to supply compressed air for that
.purpose.
Dated this Ninth day of August 1888

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps for Lighting and
Heating Purposes.
1, GEORGE ROSE of 3 Avenue Place Springburn Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes and it has
for its object to construct a cheap and efficient lamp of this class.
Instead of spraying the oil by steam conducted from a steam boiler or by compressed
air supplied from a compressed air receiver as is usually done, I prefer to spray
the oil by a self generated superheated steam jet obtained by passing water through
a highly heated coil pipe which is made to surround the flame issuing from the
burner of the lamp. My improved lamp may be made either portable or fixed.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings.
On the drawings, the reference letters wherever repeated, indicate similar or like
parts.
Fig. 1. (sheet 1.) of the drawings represents, in side elevation; fig. 2. in plan and
fig. 3. in detail, to an enlarged scale, one form of my improved spray lamp for
lighting or heating purposes, as shown in these figures; the lamp as constructed
under this invention has a tank or reservoir A. containing mineral or other oil which
is or may be forced up to the burner B, (see fig. 3) through a stand pipe C and
connection D, by the action of compressed air forced into the tank by the air pump E.
The tank A is fitted with a pressure gauge a. filling plug b. and cleaning plug c. and
may be provided with a handle A', on each side for its easy removal from place to
place.
Water, to be converted into superheated steam to spray the oil is contained within
a pocket tank F. rivetted or otherwise fitted to the oil tank A. The water tank F. is
provided with a filling plug d, and a cleaning plug e. The water is forced up piping, G,
to the steam generating and superheating coil, I, which surrounds the flame of the
lamp, by the action of compressed air supplied from the oil tank, A, through the sinall
tube H. The steam generating and superheating coil pipe, 1, may be an ordinary
coil pipe as shown at fig. 9, (sheet 2) but I prefer to use a coil pipe formed at its
lower end in a number of close coils or turns (see fig. 3) which taper conewise
towards their base and surround the flame issuing from the burner B; from the upper
turn of this coil, the pipe 1 extends straight up to the top or other part of the flaine,
where it is again coiled in one or more turns and is then led downwards in a straight
piece to the underside of the burner B. The coil pipe, F, is, preferably, made in two
parts, jointed with couplings j, j at the straight portions, so that the top and highly
heated part may be renewed when necessary. With this construction of coil pipe, I,

page_text: the lower turns of the pipe serve as a boiler whilst the upper turns serve as a steam
superheating chamber, and, as the flame is free to play upon the straight piece between
the upper and lower turns of the coil pipe it becomes so highly heated that the
tendency of the coil to flood with cold water is greatly minimised. A blow-off
cock J, may be provided if desired. To retain the heat the coil is, by preference,
surrounded or partly surrounded by a casing, K, which may have air holes in it
and be provided with a door, K³.
My improved burner is shown in vertical section at fig. 6 (sheet 1) and under
modified constructions at figs. 7, 7, 8 and 8" (sheet 2). The burner consists, by
preference, of a cylindrical shaped chamber L, as shown, in section, at figs. 6, 8, and 9;
or the chamber may be cup shaped as shown, in section, at fig. 7 and in plan at
fig. 7. The chamber may have a cover M, shown in section at fig. 8 and in plan
at 8ª, screwed on its upper end, and on the cover a mixing chamber, N, (figs. 3, 8, 8ª
and 9) which may be provided with a number of air inlet holes, N', may be screwed.
The mixing chamber may be cylindrical in shape as shown in side elevation at fig. 3,
in section at fig. 8 and in plan at 8 or it may be stepped or rabetted as shown in
section at fig. 9.
When the cover M is used, as shown at figs. 8, and 8" the air necessary to support
combustion passes to the burner nipple O. through a central hole made in the cover;
the hole, which may be rabetted or tapered inwards, as shown, is so made as to
surround the point of the nipple O. which is screwed into the bottom or it may be
into the side of thee asing or chamber L. When the nipple O is screwed into the side
of the chamber L it would preferably be elbow shaped as shown in dotted lines
figs. 6 and 8. In figs. 6 and 7 the nipple, O, is shown as screwed into the bottom of
the chamber, L, from underneath, although it may be screwed in from above, as
shown at figs. 8 and 9. The nipple O, is preferably made with a flange O' to enable
it to be easily screwed into position or taken out for cleaning. The superheated steam
from the coil pipe, I, is led to a chamber, P, at the underside of the burner, B. This
chamber, P, which serves as an expansion chamber, may be made in one piece with
the burner, B, as shown at figs. 6, 7 and 9, the chambers, L, and, P, being separated
by the web, L'; or it may be separate therefrom, the chamber being screwed on to
the lower end of the burner B, either directly or by means of a reducing coupling, P,
as shown at fig. 8, (sheet 2). A plug. P2, may be screwed into the bottoin of the
chamber, P, for the purpose of easy access to screw or unscrew the burner nipple, O,
and to clean the chamber, as shown at figs. 6 and 9; or, the plug may be screwed
into the lower branch of a tee-piece, forming the base of the burner, as at fig. 7.
A piece of wire gauze or perforated metal, Q, may be inserted in the chamber, as
shown at fig. 8; or be screwed or otherwise attached to the underside of the nipple, O,
as shown at figs. 6 and 7, for the purpose of preventing scale or dirt entering and
choking up the steam outlet channel in the nipple. The oil, from the tank, A, is
led, through the pipes C and D, to the chamber L, which constitutes a small oil well
or reservoir whereinto the oil is allowed to flow constantly. The oil fills the chamber
to such a height, that the steam, led from the steam generating coil, I, and issuing
from the nipple O, will spray it.
-
The oil supply to the burner is controlled by a valve f. (fig. 1.) and the water
supply to the coil by the valve g.
In Fig. 4, a modified construction of lamp is shown. In this case the oil tank A
is surrounded by a water jacket F, rivetted to the tank A, and the coil pipe I,
instead of being a circular coil, as at figs. 1, and 3, is rectangular in plan, as shown,
to an enlarged scale, at fig. 4. The square rings or coils of the pipe are connected
together by short vertical tubes or straight parts. i. The casing is or may be made
tapered at its lower end and is inserted into the chamber L. of the burner.
In fig. 5 a lamp, having the oil supplied by gravitation, is shown. In this lamp
the oil tank A is placed on the bracket R. secured to the wall of the building or
on any other convenient support. The oil supply passes down the pipe D, which is
provided with a controlling valve, to the casing K of the lamp, the lower part of
which it fills. The casing K, in this instance, is made to serve the same purpose as

page_text: the oil chamber L of the burner B. (fig. 6). The water to be converted into steam in
the coil I. may be supplied from a cistern or from the main or other source of water
supply, through the pipe G, which is provided with a controlling valve g. The
steam is led from the coil I. to a spraying nipple O. screwed into the bottom of the
casing K. The steam expansion chamber P, in this instance, is not employed. For
an installation, a number of lamps may be supplied with oil conveyed through pipes
from one gravitation tank or other source of oil supply and the water under pressure
may be conveyed through pipes, to all the lamps, from one source of supply.
In figs. 10. 11. and 12, (sheet 2) a contrivance is shown for preventing or aiding in
the prevention of any grit or dirt, which may be in the oil, entering the oil chamber
L of the burner. Fig. 10 represents a section of an oil supply pipe, C, with
my con-
trivance fitted therein. The contrivance consists essentially of a small conical piece S,
which is shown, in longitudinal section, at fig. 10, in front view at fig. 11, and in
side elevation at fig. 12. This cone which has a small oil admission hole S (fig. 11)
cut or bored in its apex is so screwed or otherwise inserted in the oil supply pipe that
the apex or point is against the inflowing stream of oil. In fig. 10 the direction of the
oil flow is indicated by the arrows. By inserting a cone having a small holes in its
apex, in the oil supply pipe, as described, any large particles of grit or dirt which may
be in the oil are prevented from passing on to the burner of the lamp, and, further,
the hole, s, can also be made of just sufficient size as shall allow a proper quantity of
oil to be supplied to the burner to give a clear and steady light. In conjunction with
the cone S, there may also be used a small spindle, needle or wire, T, which may have
a wheel T3, or handle, at its outer end, and is or may be fitted in a cross piece T¹, at
the junction of the two parts of the oil supply pipe C. The spindle or wire T, which
is directly in line with and works into the holes of the cone, passes through an oil
tight stuffing box T2, fitted in the outer end of the cross piece T'. By turning or
pushing the spindle, T, forward, the point will penetrate the hole in the cone and so
clear away any obstruction which may, if very dirty oils are used, occasionally lodge
therein. The lower branch of the cross piece may have a chamber, formed by a short
piece of tubing U. with a screw plug U', inserted in its lower end, for the collection
of sediment or dirt from the oil supply tube. By unscrewing the plug U₁ the
sediment can be cleaned out. Instead of having a cross piece at the junction of the
two parts of the oil supply pipe C, a tee piece, T', may be used as shown at fig. 4.
The regulating cone S may be used with any class of lamps burning heavy mineral
oils, and, in that class of lamps wherein the oil is ejected from a nipple, it enables the
hole, in such nipple, to be made larger than heretofore, thus preventing the liability fo
clog arising from a small hole. The cone may be used with or without the cleaning
spindle T, and it may be fitted in any convenient part of the oil supply pipe.
Fig. 13 represents, in longitudinal section, a tank which may be used with my
improved lamp. The tank is divided into two parts X, and, Y, by a partition ¹, the
part, X, may contain the oil whilst the part Y, may contain the water. The tank is
or may be mounted portably on wheels Y', and have handles Y2 for its easy removal
from place to place as desired. The compressed air, necessary to force the oil and
water to the burner of the lamp, may be supplied from a pump fitted on top of the
tank, or from any other source. A hole, z, may be made in the partition X', to allow
the compressed air to freely pass into both divisions X and Y.
Fig. 14, shows a vertical steam boiler, in section, with my lamp applied thereto
for heating purposes. The lamp, which is or may be placed within the fire box, is
supplied with oil and water froin gravitation tanks or otherwise, through the tubes C
and G. In the upper end of the fire box, a plate h. may be fitted for spreading the
flame. My improved lamp may be applied to any other class of boiler, where suitable,
as well as to the class of boiler shown.
Fig. 15. represents in elevation a rivet heating furnace having my improved lamp
applied thereto for heating purposes. The furnace would preferably be supported on
supports W. and the flame of the lamp would be, by preference, directed into the
underside of the furnace as shown. The oil and water for the lamp may be supplied
from gravitation tanks or other sources of supply through the pipes C and G.

page_text: When starting the lamp a piece of oil saturated waste may be placed in the casing K.
of the lamp, through the door K¹, (see fig. 1.) and ignited. The heat thus generated
is sufficient to raise steam within the coil I. and to start the lamp. Instead however
of using oil saturated waste for the preliminary heating I, by preference, at first,
allow a blast of air from the oil tank A to pass through the short pipe connection G¹,
(fig. 1) which may have a stop cock G2, on it and to circulate up the water pipe G,
through the coil I, and so to the burner nipple. This air blast sprays the oil contained
within the chamber L and so enables the lamp to be lit instantly. After the air blast
has been in operation for a sufficient length of time to thoroughly heat up the coil
pipe 1, it is cut off by the cock G2, and the water is gradually turned on by the cock g;
the water, on rising to the heated coil I, throws off sufficient steam to spray the oil
and maintain the flame.
With my improved construction of burner having an open oil chamber or well L
as shown at figs. 6, 7, and 9, or where the casing K, of the lamp is used in lieu of
the chamber 1, as shown at fig. 5, the oil becomes highly heated and catches fire.
When so fired it is almost impossible for a sudden gust of wind to blow out the flame,
and, further the flame can then be easily turned down or up to its full height without
danger of the lamp going out. When the cover M is fitted on the burner, as shown
at fig. 8, the burner can be fitted in a horizontal position and the flame directed into
a furnace.
In some cases the chamber L of the burner when the cover M is fitted on it, as at
fig. 8, may be used as a steam receiver, instead of for oil, in which case the oil is
conveyed to the central nipple O, a screw plug with a number of small holes in it or
an annular reducing ring being inserted in the opening in the cover M, 10 regulate
the steam outflow. Or, the cover M may have but a small opening in its centre, as
indicated in dotted lines at fig. 8, and be screwed down over the point of the nipple O,
so as to leave a small annular opening round about the nipple for the escape of
steam.
Under a modification the tank hereinbefore described as the oil tank may be used
as a water reservoir and the water tank be used for oil.
The several structural details of my improved lamp may be slightly altered without
departing from my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes, a burner, wherein a chamber
or casing, which constitutes an oil well, and which has a spraying nipple fitted in
its bottoin or side, is combined with a steam expansion chamber, substantially as
herein before described and as shown, under several modifications on the drawings
annexed.
2. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes, the combination with a burner
having a chamber or casing which constitutes an oil well, of a spraying nipple
fitted in the bottom or side of said chamber or casing, and of a steam generating
coil pipe or tube which is heated by the flame issuing from the burner, substantially
as hereinbefore described and shown on the drawings annexed.
3. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes, the combination with the
burner B, of a cover, such as M figs. 8 and 8, capable of being fitted on the upper
end of the burner, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated on the drawings
'annexed.
4. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes, the combination with the
burner B of the mixing chamber N having a number of air holes N' in it, substantially
as herein before described and as illustrated at figs. 3, 8, 8, and 9 of the drawings
annexed.
5. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes, a steam generating coil pipe
or tube formed at its lower end in a number of close coils or turns, which surround
and are heated by the flame issuing from the burner, and which then extends straight

page_text: up to the top or other part of the flame, where it is again coiled in one or more turns,
and is then led downwards in a straight piece to the steam chamber of the burner,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown at fig. 3 and under a modification
at figs. 4 and 4 of the drawings annexed.
6. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes wherein a steam generating
coil pipe or tube, made with straight portions and heated by the flame of the lamp, is
used, the making of said coil pipe or tube in two parts, jointed together at the straight
portions, so that the top and highly heated part may be taken off and renewed when
necessary, substantially as hereinbefore described and as shown at fig. 3 of the
drawings annexed.
7. The application and use of a cone having a small oil admission hole in its apex,
substantially as herein before described with reference to figures 10, 11 and 12 and
for the purposes set forth.
8. The combination with a cone having a small oil admission hole in its apex, of a
spindle or wire so fitted in the oil supply pipe that said spindle or wire shall be directly
in line with, and be free to penetrate the hole in, said cone, so as to clear away any
obstruction which may occasionally clog it up, substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to figs. 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings annexed.
9. In spray lamps for lighting and heating purposes the combination with a steam
generating coil pipe or tube, heated by the flame issuing from the burner of the
lamp, of a tank or reservoir divided into two compartments, by a suitable partition
or its equivalent, the one for oil and the other for water, the oil being forced up to
the burner and the water to the steam generating coil pipe by the action of compressed
air, substantially as hereinbefore described and as shown under modified constructions
at figs. 1, 2, 4 and 13 of the drawings annexed.
10. The combination of parts constituting my improved lamp as shown on the
drawings annexed, the several parts being arranged and operating substantially as
hereinbefore decribed.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow,
Applicant's Agent.