IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER STOVES AND FIRE-GRATES, AND IN OVENS, AND KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Welch, of Stratford on Avon, in the County
of Warwick, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER
STOVES AND FIRE-GRATES, AND IN OVENS, AND KITCHEN RANGES."
Sealed the 19th September 1862, and dated the 7th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Welch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1862.
I, EDWARD WELCH, of Stratford on Avon, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REGISTER STOVES AND FIRE-GRATES, AND IN OVENS, AND KITCHEN RANGES,"
to be as follows:-
In
My Invention consists, firstly, of improvements in register stoves and fire-grates
by which an open fire-place is combined with a stove for warm air.
making register stoves and fire-grates according to my Invention I enclose
that part of the hearth under the fire of any ordinary register stove or fire-
grate, and..make the ash-pit into a downward flue, communicating with some
metallic or earthenware pipes (of any form), and leading the heat from below the
fire, up the said pipes to the common smoke flue. I form an air chamber in

page_text: the angles and at the back part of the stove or fire-grate (through which the
said pipes are to be conducted) by closing the same at the top by a metal
plate, leaving openings at the top of the said pipes, and thereby preventing the
ascent of the warm air into the smoke flue. The cold air may be admitted to
the said air chamber, either from the room or from the outside, and from thence
into the room in a warmed state.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in roasting
and baking ovens, and the ovens of kitchen ranges. I form the floor or bottom
of a brick-baker's oven of a metal plate, and put a furnace fire under it and
heat the oven through the iron plate or floor. In kitchen ranges I apply
the same construction to the side ovens. I form two of the sides and back
of the ovens in brick and the bottom and top of iron plates. I enclose the
hearth under the ordinary fire, and make the ash-pit into a flue to lead the
heat from the bottom of the fire under the bottom of the ovens, and by
another flue at the back or side into the common chimney.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Welch in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WELCH, of Stratford on Avon, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Welch, Her special license, that I, the said Edward Welch, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTER
STOVES AND FIRE-GRATES, AND IN OVENS, AND KITCHEN RANGES," upon the con
dition, amongst others, that I, the said Edward Welch, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
month's next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Welch, do hereby déclare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state.
ment, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the improvement in register stoves and
fire-grates herein-after described. The Drawing, Figure 1, describes the
horizontal section of the stove or fire-grate. I lead the heat from the bottom
of the fire through the grid marked A, into an enclosed ash-pit, and from
thence into a flat hollow metalic box of any depth desired, say four or five
inches deep, and occupying the whole or part of the space behind the stove.
I fix on the top of the said box, which forms a reservoir for heat, one, two or
more metalic or earthenware pipes, open to the box at the lower end, as shewn:
at D, D, Figure 1, and rising up to the top of the stove, and having a vent
into the chimney. The air chamber in which these pipes are placed is separated
from the smoke flue in the usual manner. The cold air is led from without
into this air chamber, and there warmed and led into the room. In the front
of the fire I place an ash pan, so formed as to close in the front of the ash-pit,
thereby causing the heat to descend into the box and up into the pipes, or of
being drawn forward, and by opening the ash-pit preventing the heat doing so,
thus heating or cooling the box and pipes at pleasure. When the ash-pit is closed
and the draught under the fire prevented to supply the fire with additional air,
I lead it to the back of the fire through hollow cheeks at each side of the
fire-box into a hollow space behind the fire back, and from thence through a
pierced iron back into the fire.
.
:
With regard to the first part of my Invention, I do not claim the combina-
tion of an open fire-place and a close stove, as that exists in various forms
already, but I claim an improved mode of combining them by using a flat-iron
box on the floor and pipes unattached to the back of the stove as before
described, and also I claim the ash-pan so constructed for closing and opening
the ash-pit, whether it is applied to the flat box and pipes before described, or
to any hollow box'or fender that may be placed before the fire for bringing
warmth to the feet. I also claim the forming of the ash-pit into the flue for
letting the heat from the fire to the said box and pipes."
My Invention consists, secondly, of the improvements in roasting and baking
oven's, and in the ovens of kitchen ranges herein-after described, see the

page_text: Drawings Fig. 2 and 3. Figure 2 shews a perpendicular section, of a brick
oven. Figure 3 shews a perpendicular section of a kitchen range.
The purpose of this part of my Invention is, first, an improvement in the-
mode of heating the ordinary brick oven. And, secondly, an improvement in
the economical construction, and in the mode of heating the ovens commonly:
fixed at the sides of kitchen fires, usually called. Leamington ranges.
To effect the first object I form the bottom of the common brick oven of a
cast or sheet iron plate, and heat the oven through that plate by placing below
it a slow combustion fire, as shewn by the sketch, Figure 2, in which E is the
brick oven, F the iron bottom through which the heat from the fire passes into the
brick oven; G is the door of the fire-place; H is the ash-pit which may be
partially opened or closed at pleasure, to regulate the heat. By this means a
baker's oven may be kept constantly in a baking condition without the
successive heating and cooling which is now experienced. This method is
applicable to a series of small ovens if desired (as shewn upon the Drawing
Figure 2), which may be heated from the same fire. Further, I pass the heat
from the fire after it has traversed under the bottom of the oven through a
metallic pipe fixed within the oven itself, into some common flue, and thereby
add to the heat of the oven as the refuse of combustion escapes. Under this
head of my Invention I claim this mode of constructing and heating ordinary
brick ovens herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly, as respects the economical construction, and a new mode of heating
ovens at the sides of ordinary kitchen fires, I effect it in the following
manner, see the Drawing Figure 3. The sides of the fire I, I, are formed of
fire-brick without joint. The top and bottom of the oven K, K, consist of
two cast or sheet-iron plates, these besides the door are all that is necessary to
form the new oven. The plates K, K, clip over the fire-brick I, and are
flanged upon the iron front of the oven and grooved into the brickwork on
the other two sides. The ash-pit when the ovens are at work, is quite closed
by a moveable fire-brick or by a door, so as to make the ash-pit into a flue
leading the heat from the bottom grid of the fire under the bottom of the
oven, and from thence through a metalic pipe fixed within the oven into
the flue beneath the hot plate N. The hot plate N is heated in the usual
manner by the heat from the top of the fire passing under it into the
common flue.
I claim in this latter, "improvement" the mode before described of con-
structing the sides of the ovens of brick, and the top and bottom thereof of plates
of iron, and in the mode of heating the ovens, I claim the enclosing the ash-pit

page_text: fire to the flue below the oven, or boiler if any, and also the conveyance of the
heat from beneath the oven in a metalic pipe fixed within the oven, to the
flue under the hot plate.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Welch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed in the presence of
ARTHUR BURT.
EDWARD WELCH. (L.S.)