IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOP-BUTTS AND OTHER HINGES."
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STOP-BUTTS AND OTHER HINGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Bishop and
Joseph Dyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd May 1854.
We, BENJAMIN BISHOP and JOSEPH DYER, .of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOP-BUTTS AND OTHER HINGES" to be as follows
(that is to say):
Our improvements in the manufacture of hinges may be divided under three
heads, and consist―
First, in reducing the thickness of that part of the flaps that form the
knuckle by suitable tools, applied in a direct manner by stamping or pressing
in a common press.
Secondly, in forming projections on the back of the knuckle for forming
stops in that description of hinge known as stop-butts, such projection being
formed by swages used in connection with a fly-press or common stamp.
And, thirdly, our improvement in hinges consists in passing the hinge, after
being formed from sheet metal or iron, through suitable rolls, which have for
their object the making more compact an union of the two parts at the knuckle,
as it makes the hinges stronger and closer in their joints.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BENJAMIN
BISHOP and JOSEPH DYER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, Her special license that
we, the
said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer,
'executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all. times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOP-BUTT AND
OTHER HINGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Benjamin
Bishop and Joseph Dyer, by an instrument in writing under our hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
Our improvements in the manufacture of the various descriptions of hinges
mentioned in our title refer entirely to hinges made of sheet metal or iron, in
contradistinction to those which are cast, not that the making of hinges from
sheet metal is new, but, we believe, from the aid of our machinery, and the
modes of manufacture herein-after described, we shall be enabled to produce
hinges made of sheet iron or brass in such a manner as to render them much
stronger and cheaper than the ordinary hinges, and at the same time to
greatly improve their quality and appearance.
And for the purpose of simplifying the description of the various parts of
our Invention in the manufacture of hinges, we will describe them under three
heads:-

page_text: make hinges.
The second, in cutting out and forming the hinges.
And, third, to the mode of finishing the hinges; and as each process is
susceptible of considerable modification, we will proceed to describe the
various operations, having reference, as we proceed, to the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
We find it advantageous to reduce the thickness of the metal at that part
of the hinge which wraps round the centre pin and forming the knuckle, and
this may be done by cutting out a strip of metal of suitable width, passing
it between a pair of rolls, such piece of metal being wide enough to form the
knuckle as well as the two flaps, and at the same time that we reduce the
part which forms the knuckle. We also reduce to a mere film the inter-
mediate portions of such flattened part, so that when this film is removed, and
they are divided and cut into the right length, they shall fit regular, one into
the other, to form the knuckle.
In Sheet 1, Figs. A and B represent in vertical and horizontal sections
part of a pair of rolls, the part marked 1, in Fig. A, being supposed to
show a section taken through the dotted line 2, 3, and that marked 4 showing
a section taken through the dotted line 5, 6, so as to exhibit the difference
appearance of the rolls when shewing a side view of the teeth and when
shewing a section of them, and so made as to produce the result mentioned
above, and which result we have shown in a flat view at Fig. C, Sheet 2, and
in sectional end view at Fig. D, a, a, being the flaps, and b, b, b, &c. the part
forming the knuckle. Before proceeding further with this strip of metal,
which may be of any convenient length, we divide it through the middle, as
indicated by the dotted line c, c; after which they may be cut into suitable
lengths, as shown by the dotted lines , k, and I, 1, and by the part e, Fig. E,
also shown in section at f, which is now ready to be united to its corresponding
part to form a hinge, the screw holes necessary in which may now be pierced
through. Instead of cutting out and reducing the knuckle part of hinges by
the direct contact of suitable rolls, they may first be cut out at a common fly-
press by suitable tools, as in the form shown at g, Fig. F, and in section at h;
and the necessary reducing of the knuckle part, as represented at j, j, j, &c.
in the last Figure, may be effected here by the direct action of a fly-press or
stamp with suitable tools.
Before passing to the second part of our Invention we will observe, that for
iron hinges it may be necessary to heat the strip of iron before putting it
through the rolls, and even, to divide the operations, to roll first and pierce after;

page_text: and for irregular shaped hinges, such as strap or .T. hinges, it may be necessary
to heat them before reducing the substance of the knuckle part by the use of
the stamp or fly-press. The flaps thus formed are to be bent up at the
knuckles and put together in the ordinary way in which such description of
hinges has heretofore-been put together: ___
We will now.proceed to describe the second part of our Invention; which
relates more particularly to the making of what is called stop-butts, but which
arrangement..may be effected in two ways, and will be understood by the
following.description:-In Fig. G, m, n, represent top and bed tools, so-con-
structed as to be used in the common fly-press, and we have represented.an
end view of those tools; and p.also shows an end view of the flap of a hinge
made in the ordinary manner, having the same thickness. of metal round the
knuckle.as on the flap; and it will be seen. that there is a slight projection in
the hollow of the bed tool: as.at. q, and, which projection; as the two tools. are
brought together. by the force of the press screw; it is evident that the counter-
part of such projection will be impressed on the knuckle of the thinge flap;
represented in the end view of the flap r, which shows a finished hinge ;cànd
it will therefore be seen, that when the back part of the flap.s is brought to
the projection on the knuckle, of the flap at. t, that it will. stop.. Thus;
having shown the manner in which we form the. stop, it is only necessary for
us to observe, that the stops are made in both knuckles as shown in the both
sides of the hinge at u. and y, shown also in 'end view of the same Figure.
Another way in which we make stop hinges, and which also gives us. the
advantage of laving. the metal thinner at the joints, will be understood from
the following description:
+
:
Having provided ourselves with: suitable swages or press tools, we.proceed
in the following. manner, represented in Fig: H. Sheet 2: a' shows an end
view of a hinge, made of thin metal, and put together in the ordinary-way!
but with the flaps of sufficient width to be 'bent over, to form the stops and
to thicken the flaps, which we do in the following way: Having laid the
hinge (a') over the bed tool (6), the top:tool (c).is brought down on it, forcing
it into the form-shewn-at-d-when-it-is-laid-on-the-bed-tool-underneath-it-(e)
and the top tool (f) is brought down on it, putting the hinge into the form
shown at g', where it again receives another squeeze between the tools imme-
diately above and beneath it, which leaves it in the form shown at h';
while and k represent the same hinge as closed, and in an end and back or
knuckle view thus formed, and ready for receiving the holes, countersinking
and finishing by buffing or otherwise...
We will further observe, that when we desire the hinge to stop when its'

page_text: two flaps-are in a parallel line; it is evident. that the .part m², n; shown above
the dotted-line p, q, must be removed, or rather the hinge so cut out from
the first as not to allow the flap to lap over farther than the required angle or
stop In Fig. Grepresents another hinge, similar to that, last described, in
which the metal of the flap, instead of being bent back to form a stop, is brought
in front to abut against-the-knuckle, making a hinge..similar in section to that
shown.
vn, at Eig. E. We will also observe, that if additional strength is required
in the knuckle, the part that laps round and comes in contact with the flap on
the front side may be soldered or brazed, as may also that part of the flap that
.
is-turned-back-to form-the stop, as at-m, n, Eig. H...
The third and last part of our Invention has for its object the better finishing
the knuckles of hinges made of sheet metal. We effect this by passing them
lengthways between rolls, suitably formed on their faces, as represented at
Fig. I, Sheet 1, wherein it will be seen that a similar effect is produced, as by
the use of the press tools represented at, s', Fig. H, but not to the extent as
the pressure from the rolls, which will have the two-fold effect effect of pressing
the metal forming the knuckle of the hinge-tightly round the centre pin or
axis, and firmly tucking the metal in and uniting it in the part that lap round
the axis terminating at the flap in front, and will furthermore have the effect of
squeezing together the metal at the several joints at the back of the hinge
crossing the knuckle.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, we wish it to be
understood, that in describing these our improvements in the manufacture of
hinges, that we do not claim any particular shape, size, or description of
hinges, nor for the making of hinges of sheet metal, nor for the making
of butt or stop-butt hinges with that portion forming the knuckle thinner
than the portion forming the flaps; but what we do claim as being of our
Invention is,
Firstly, the manner of reducing the part forming the knuckles of hinges, as
herein-before described, without any reference to the motive power by which
such tools may be worked.
Secondly, the use of rolls, for reducing the thickness and cutting out the
knuckles of hinges, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the forming of stop hinges, in the various ways described under the
second head of our Invention, and shown in Figs. G and H.
Fourthly, the soldering of that part of the knuckle of hinges which wraps
round the pin where it unites to the flap, and also the soldering of that part
of the flap forming the stop to the knuckle or flap of such stop hinges.

page_text: And, lastly, the use of suitable rolls, as herein-before described, whereby we
are enabled to make a more firm and compact joint or knuckle to hinges when
such hinges are made of sheet metal..
In witness whereof, we, the said Benjamin Bishop and Joseph Dyer,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirty-first day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.