IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS AND CHIMNEY COWLS
Year: 1878

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1878.
SAMUEL BRADING, of Landport, Hampshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
AND CHIMNEY COWLS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of ventilators and chimney
cowls in such a manner as to ensure thorough efficiency and prevent back draught,
and when used on board ship to reduce the liability of shipping water through
them.
The Invention consists of two separate parts, the lower part being a round pipe,
which may be attached in any suitable manner to the top of the outside of any
place intended to be ventilated or to the top of a chimney. The upper part of this
lower pipe has an annular space formed round it for the reception of liquid, and
into this annular space an upper pipe fits loosely, being supported upon a pointed
rod which is fixed to the lower pipe. The upper part of the top pipe is widened
out into the form of a hollow and nearly annular cylinder at right angles to the
pipe, and within this cylinder are placed several sets of frustrums of hollow cones,
the small end of one frustrum being inserted into the larger end of the next.
Through the centre of the cylinder there is a bar with a hole in it for the point of
the rod before mentioned, and from the bar depends a tube encircling the rod and
reaching nearly to the bottom of the upper pipe. To the upper part of the cylinder
[Price fid

page_text: there is fixed a plate or rudder, which keeps the face of the ventilator always to
the wind.
Water or other liquid being supplied to the annular space where the upper and
lower pipes meet, the result of the arrangement will be as follows:-The foul air
on rising from the apartment or the smoke from the chimney will rise through the
lower and upper pipes into the annular space in the cylinder, through an opening
from whence it will be drawn through the interstices between the cones by the
current of fresh air, with which it will mingle, rushing through the cones from one
side of the cylinder to the outlet on the opposite side. By these means a back
draught is entirely prevented, and the possibility of shipping water when used on
board ship is reduced to a minimum.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Brading in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th March
1879.
SAMUEL BRADING, of Landport, Hampshire.
AND CHIMNEY COWLS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
This Invention has for its object the construction of ventilators in such a manner
as to ensure thorough efficiency and prevent back draught, and when used on board
ship to reduce the liability of shipping water through them.
The Invention consists of two separate parts, the lower part being a round pipe,
which may be attached in any suitable manner to the top of the outside of any
place intended to be ventilated. The upper part of this lower pipe has an annular
space formed round it for the reception of liquid, and into this annular space an
upper pipe fits loosely, being supported upon a pointed rod which is fixed to the
lower pipe. The upper part of the top pipe is widened out into the form of a
hollow and nearly annular cylinder at right angles to the pipe, and within this
cylinder are placed several sets of frustrums of hollow cones or pyramids, the small
end of one cone being inserted into the larger end of the next. Through the
centre of the cylinder there is a bar with a hole in it for the point of the rod
before mentioned, and from the bar depends a tube encircling the rod and reaching
nearly to the bottom of the upper pipe. To the upper part of the cylinder there
is fixed a plate or rudder, which keeps the face of the ventilator always to the
wind.
In order that the foregoing may be more eaily understood Drawings are attached
hereto, of which the following is a description:-Fig. 1 is an elevation of the venti-
lator, and Fig. 2 is a section of the same. A is the part fixed to the building or
place to be ventilated. This part is furnished with a cup B, which is supplied
with liquid, and into which the lower portion of the upper part dips, thereby forming
a liquid seal, while the free rotation of the upper part is not interfered with. C is
the annular chamber into which the foul air is drawn until it reaches near the top,
where there is an opening in the inner partition D so as to allow the foul air to
flow between, and from thence into and through the cones E. F is the spindle
fixed at its bottom to a stay G, and further supported by another stay H. I is a
tube fastened at top to a stay J, and receives the spindle F upon the conical end of
which the ventilator turns. K is the vane or rudder used to keep the ventilator to
the wind. The small arrows indicate the direction in which the foul air flows, while
the large horizontal arrows point to the current of the wind.
:―
Water or other liquid being supplied to the annular cup or space B .where the
upper and lower pipes meet, the result of the arrangement will be as follows:-
The foul air on rising from the apartment will rise through the lower and upper
pipes into the annular space C in the cylinder through an opening D, from whence
it will be drawn through the interstices between the cones by the current of fresh
air, with which it will mingle, rushing through the cones from one side of the cylinder
to the outlet on the opposite side. By these means a back draught is entirely
prevented, and the possibility of shipping water when used on board ship is reduced
to a minimum.
This apparatus may be used as a chimney cowl if thought desirable.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details
or arrangements I have described or referred to, as variations may be made there-
from without deviating from the principles or inain features of this Invention, but

page_text: what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-The construction of
ventilators made with a series of frustrums of cones or frustrums of pyramids,
arranged as herein described and shewn on the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Brading, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.