IMPROVEMENTS IN ANVILS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lancelot Kirkup, of Orchard Street, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, in the County of the same, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention.
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANVILS."
Sealed the 5th April 1855, and dated the 14th November 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lancelot Kirkup at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1854.
I, LANCELOT KIRKUP, of Orchard Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County
of the same, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANVILS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of forging anvils, and
consists in forging the whole of the anvil in one piece without any welding, in
place of welding on the ears separately, as in the ordinary mode of manu-*
facture. By this means the anvil may be made both cheaper and larger,
without any necessity for welding steel to iron, as the whole body of the anvil
may be case-hardened. The upper surface is made larger in area but smaller
in depth, and is supported upon a hollow truncated pyramid, either round' or
rectangular, composed of cast metal or other suitable substance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Lancelot Kirkup in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LANCELOT
KIRKUP, of Orchard Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of the same,
Mechanical Engineer, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letts:
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Lancelot Kirkup, Her special license that I, the said Lancelot Kirkup,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Lancelot
Kirkup, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with;
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use; exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANVILS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Lancelot Kirkup, by an instru
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lancelot Kirkup, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved system or mode of forging anvils,
and consists in forging the whole of the anvil in one piece without any
welding, in place of welding the ears and other parts separately on to the core,
as in the ordinary mode of manufacture. By this means the anvil may be
made both cheaper and larger, and case-hardened either with or without steel.
The upper surface is made larger in area but smaller in depth, and is supported
upon a hollow truncated pyramid, either round or rectangular, composed of cast
metal or other suitable substance.

page_text: And in order that my said Invention may be more readily understood, I-shall
now proceed to describe and refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of
Drawings hereto annexed...
Figure 1 of my Drawing represents a plan of the face or upper surface of
one of my improved anvils; Figure 2 is a corresponding side elevation of the
same; Figure 3 is an end view of the round ear of the anvil; Figure 4 is a
similar corresponding view of the rectangular or square ear; and Figure 5 is
a plan of the under side of the anvil; Figure 6 is a plan of the upper side of
an anvil, of a size smaller, having a dovetail slot formed across its surface for
the introduction thereon of, any-suitably shaped.cutter. or swage blocks; and
Figure 7 is a-side elevation of the same; Figure 8 is a side e elevation of an
anvil on its seat or block; and Figure 9 represents and end elevation of the
same; Figure 10 is a plan of a smaller sized anvil, having also a dovetail slot
formed across it; and Figure 11 is a corresponding side elevation of the same.
The same letters of reference refer to corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
The common anvil is usually made of seven different pieces, viz., the core
or body, the four corner pieces, which serve to enlarge its base, and the two
projecting ears; the whole of the latter six pieces are welded on to the core,
and then hammered into an uniform body. According to my improved mode of
forging anvils, the whole of the anvil is forged in one piece, such anvil being
afterwards case-hardened. The upper surface or face may be made larger by
this method, but the depth of the anvil is lessened. Each anvil has a pro-
jecting portion or neck A forged on to its under side, which neck fits into a
corresponding aperture in the hollow cast-iron pyramidal supporting block B.
The holes C formed vertically through the ears of the anvils, as in the common
anvil, are for the purpose of receiving the ordinary cutting tools employed by
forgers. The dovetailed slots D serve to contain swage blocks of any desired
shape when requisite.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the system or mode of

page_text: forming anvils, by forging them in one entire piece without any welding, and
afterwards case-hardening the same.
In witness, whereof, I, the said Lancelot Kirkup, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Ninth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.
LANCELOT KIRKUP. (L.S.)