Improvements in and relating to Rolling Mills.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1891-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Rolling Mills.
I, PAUL HESSE, Engineer, of 8 Wasser Strasse, Iserlohn, Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and the manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My present invention relates to an improvement in rolling mills and its object is
to construct a mill of greater efficiency than those heretofore known, and to so
arrange the rolls as to materially improve the quality of the work turned out.
In addition to these advantages by making the rolls adjustable I am able to
produce shafts, as also tubular shafts of round section, but varying in diameter at
different points.
4
In order to attain this object I arrange three or more rolls, between which the
shaft or rod to be rolled is forced upward or downward and simultaneously rotated
so as to cause the pressure rolls to rotate; or the rod or shaft can be stationary
and the rolling mechanism moved vertically on the same. By this means the fibre
of the material under treatment will be wound or pressed spirally thus imparting
to the outer and inner surface-if hollow of the same, greater elasticity, toughness
and strength.
For this reason my improved rolling mill is particularly suited for rolling the
barrels of rifles and guns, the inner surfaces of which have to resist the friction of
the shot, whilst the outer surfaces should be safer and still possess a certain
amount of toughness and above all elasticity, so as not to strain the material in
any way.
In order to make this Specification more easily intelligible, I refer to the
accompanying drawings in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout
the several views.
Fig. 1 is my improved rolling mill seen from underneath.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same.
Fig. 3 shows a modified form in which the metal under treatment is fixed and the
mechanism moveable.
Fig. 4 is a section showing the shape of a piece of metal from which tubular
shafts are rolled.
Fig. 5 shows in part sectional elevation the device for rolling the same.
Fig. 6 represents a modified form of Fig. 5.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2: bb are the pressure rolls (three are shown in the
drawing but any number more than three may be employed) mounted in the sliding
frames cc having rolls c' at their exterior ends. The frames co slide on the machine
frame f. The rolls bb may be moved or adjusted towards, or apart from, each
other by means of the wedges d d which are supported on one side by the stationary
rolls e e mounted in the machine frame. The wedges d nay be raised or lowered
between the stationary and moveable rolls cand e e by means of a hand wheel
having a sleeve with interior thread into which the threaded lower end of the
spindle of the wedge d fits. This sleeve is further provided with a gear h which is
connected by means of a chain k or other suitable intermediate gearing with the
gears h of the other wedges so that on turning the hand-wheel g all three wedges
will be operated simultaneously.. The shaft, axle, or similar piece to be rolled is
forced upward between the rolls b b and simultaneously rotated by means of a
suitable rotary clamp or support, which may be advanced by a screw spindle whereby
the pressure roll's b b will be revolved or the rolls may be mounted on a rotary table
and the rod simply forced up by suitable mechanism. The latter may be lubricated

page_text: and cooled by means of the pipe m, through which lubricating materials and cooling
liquids or air may be conducted. The rolls c² and with them the slides c are held
against the wedges d by means of the springs i arranged between the machine
frame fand the slides. It will be seen that by varying the position of the wedges d
by means of the hand wheel g, the position of the pressure rolls b b with regard to
each other and to the piece of work under treatment, will be altered, and thus the
diameter of the latter may be varied as found desirable.
In the modification shown in Fig. 3 the rolling mechanism b b with the frame f¹
is moved vertically up or down on the piece a being worked, which is clamped
tight, by suitable means said rolling mechanism bb being simultaneously rotated
by means of suitable gearing h. This device is intended for producing large
quantities of the same article and for this reason, instead of varying the position of
the rolls by means of a hand wheel, this is done automatically by means of the bell
crank lever n pivoted at n' and connected to the slide frames c¹ c¹ by the intermediate
lever n², the spring answering the same purpose as in Fig. 2. The lower end
of the bell crank lever is retained between the collars o o which are so arranged
as to form a means for holding the piece of metal a being worked. It is obvious
that when the frame f¹is moved vertically the position of the rolls 6' will vary
according to the speed at which the mechanism ascends or descends on the metal
rod under treatment, and also to the path prescribed for the lower end of lever n
by the collars o. o.
72
Fig. 5 shows the arrangement of the rolling mill for rolling tubular work in
which case a mandrel q is arranged centrally between the rolls b, said mandrel
being advantageously mounted at in a suitable arm y of the machine frame. It
may also be rotated, by means of the handle z or other suitable contrivance. In
this case the piece of metal to be treated should have the form of the cylindrical
block shown in Fig. 4. The metal being worked may be drawn or forced through
the rolls by suitable mechanism or the rolls may be moved on the metal, as may be
found convenient. The pipes mm are arranged for the purpose of cooling and
lubricating the mandrel and rolls.
Fig. 6 shows instead of the mandrel 7 a boring tool which may be rotated by
suitably arranged mechanism and lubricated by means of pipe t, which extends
upwards through a holes provided for the purpose, in the block being treated.
By means of this improved rolling mill I am able to produce all kinds of round
work which had to be forged previous to my invention, viz. fly wheel shafts, piston
rods, connecting rods, propeller shafts with thrusts and couplings etc. etc. By
varying the shape of the wedges d rods of various profiles may be rolled.
The rods, shafts, etc. may also be rolled in various ways, viz., either tough grained
and hard or more drawn i.e. soft grained and more elastic, by varying the positions
of the rolls and the speed at which the work is passed through the same...
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner of performing the same, what I claim is :-
1) A rolling mill having the pressure rolls bb adjustably arranged on the frame
of the machine and rotated by the rotary piece of metal under treatment, being.
passed between them, in combination with means for adjusting the pressure of said
rolls bb, such as a wedge'd actuated between stationary rolls on the machine frame
and the moveable rolls on frames c c by means of a hand wheel and gears hh, as
also suitable intermediate gearing such as k, substantially as described.
2) In combination with the rolling mill covered by Claim 1 the employment of a
hollow or solid mandrel for rolling tubular pieces, suitable means for supporting
and rotating the same as also a device for cooling and lubricating the mandrel and
pressure rolls, such as boring the metal block being worked to admit of introducing
lubricating pipe substantially as described.
a
DYB.30 118.
3) In combination with a rolling mill such as claimed in 'Claim 1, means for
holding the metal being worked stationary, and revolving the mill frame with
"
• E

page_text: rolls bb' as also regulating the pressure rolls b b (b₁ 6') automatically by means of
the bell crank lever n, pivoted at n' and connected to frame c' of the rolls, said
lever being actuated by the vertical and rotary movement of the frame, and by the
stationary collars o o substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1891.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.