Improvements in and connected with Telephones,
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Mar, 1895
Improvements in and connected with Telephones,
I JAMES NICOLSON, Superintendent of The River Plate Telegraph Company,
Calle San Martin 287, Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with telephones and has
for its object to absorb and utilize the maximum induced currents from telephone
magnets by winding the coils of wire in cone form from the poles of the said
magnets towards the neutral point thereof, thus increasing the action of the
diaphragm, and further to utilize the sound waves from both sides of the diaphragm
or diaphragms.
In carrying my invention into practical effect insulated wire is wound on one or
both poles of a permanent magnet, the said wire being wound in the form of a cone
with a maximum number of turns according to the diameter of the wire and the
form of the magnet. The whole or part of the magnet or magnets may be utilized,
the said coils to be connected in series or multiple are and brought to act upon
a diaphragm or diaphragms, the whole being enclosed in a suitable case, the
vibrations or sound waves from both sides of the diaphragm or diaphragms being
concentrated to the ear piece by means of two or more holes or apertures within
the case, or two magnets and coils may be employed, placed on each side of the
diaphragm or diaphragms with a sound collecting chamber or chambers, whilst
another consists of two horse shoe magnets having four coned shaped coils of wire,
two diaphragms and three sound collecting chambers, and two coils with iron or
steel cores may also be fixed with advantage between the diaphragms, all to be
connected in series or multiple are according to the direction of the current, or as
a modification of my invention an air chamber is provided in the centre of a closed
case or one or more of either patterns above described may be similarly furnished
and provided with flexible speaking or ear tubes and may be conveniently fixed in
connection with a microphone or other transmitter.
I do not restrict myself to materials, dimensions, or to the precise form or
placement of the various parts thereof.
-་་
T
1004
Agent for the Applicant,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in and connected with Telephones.
I, JAMES NICOLSON, Superintendent of The River Plata Telegraph Company,
Calle San Martin 287, Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described, and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with telephones and has
for its object to absorb and utilize the maximum induced currents from telephone
Improvements in and connected with Telephones.
I, JAMES NICOLSON, Superintendent of The River Plata Telegraph Company,
Calle San Martin 287, Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
9. particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with telephones and has
for its object to absorb and utilize the maximum induced currents from telephone

page_text: magnets by winding the coils of wire in cone form, from the poles of the said
magnets towards the neutral points thereof, thus increasing the action of the
diaphragms; and further to utilize the sound waves from both sides of the
diaphragm or diaphragins.
In carrying my invention into practical effect, insulated wire is wound on one or
both poles of a permanent or electro-magnet, the said wire being wound in the
form of a cone with a maximum number of turns according to the diameter of the
wire and the form of the magnet.
Two
The whole or part of the magnet or magnets may be utilized, the said coils to
be connected in series or multiple are and brought to act upon a diaphragm or
diaphragms, the whole being enclosed in a suitabile case, the vibrations or sound
waves from both sides of the diaphragm, or diaphragms being concentrated to the
ear-piece by means of two or more holes or perforations within the case.
magnets and coils may be employed, placed on each side of the diaphragm or
diaphragms within a sound collecting chamber or chambers, while another form
consists of two horse shoe magnets having four coned shaped coils of wire, two
diaphragms and three sound collecting chambers and two coils with iron or steel
cores may also be fixed with advantage between the diaphragms, all to be connected
in series or multiple are according to the direction of the current. An air, space
may be provided in the centre of a closed case, or one or more of either of the
patterns above described may be similarly furnished, and provided with flexible
speaking or ear tubes and may be conveniently fixed in connection with a
microphone or other transmitter.
In order that my invention may be more fully understood I will now proceed to
describe same with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figs. 1 and 1^
(Sheet 1) illustrate respectively a section of a modified double pole "bell"
telephone and a cross section on line o o of Fig. 1.
or
The arms of the permanent magnet consists of two oblong bars ce united at the
magnetic centre by a cross piece D of the same material. To the poles of the
maguets are rivetted two pole pieces of soft iron. R R to which are *soldered
suitably fixed flanges pp. The pole pieces and arms are painted or covered with
any good insulating material over which is wound in the form of oblong cones, a,
a silk covered copper wire, or preferably two parallel wires, of preferably
No. 40 B.W.G., to a resistance of about 150 to 180 ohms on each.arm, from the
pole pieces inclusive towards the neutral point or magnetic centre of the.magnet.
The eight ends of the two coils are connected in series or multiple are according to
the direction of the currents or according to the direction. in which the wire is
wound, and finally joined to terminals I and II, Kare apertures leading to and
from both sides of the diaphragm u, to or from the aperture K¹ in the ear piece 5.
A is an extension of the flanges p.pl made slightly elastic and attached to the sides
of the case a, and 'G is a regulating screw whereby the distance between the pole
pieces R.R and the diaphragm wo may be regulated. The diaphragm w is clamped
between the ear piece and the case a by means of screws / one of which is shown
in Fig. 1.
Figs. 2, 24 and 2B (Sheet 2) illustrate respectively a section of a telephone, a
cross section on line oo of Fig. 2 and a diagram of the connections.
Two permanent horse shoe-magnets care provided, with a portion of their
limbs bent outwards at right angles. R, R1 R R³ are four pole pieces of soft iron,
ppppare four flanges and extensions of same as in Fig 1,
being
the four oblong cones of wire. The magnets are attached to the case a by means
of screws t t and the distance of the four pole pieces from the two diaphragms w w¹,
are regulated laterally by means of screws G, the magnets being made sufficiently
elastic for, that purpose. Apertures K carry the sound waves from or to the four
sides of the diaphragms to the opening K₁ to the ear piece z, and are screws
connecting the parts together as in Fig. 1.
The diagram of connections (Fig. 2B) shows the four eoils of double wire joined
in series to each other and finally to terminals III III IV. By means of

page_text: switches A A¹ these may be joined in multiple are by connecting respectively
terminals I and II and III and IV together or in series as per fig. by connecting II
and III only together.
The air space in the centre of the case may be closed and the ends of the case
provided with two ear pieces or speaking tubes.
The two north poles of the magnets may be presented to one diaphragm and the
wo south poles to the other, or south and north poles may be presented to each
liaphragm respectively, the coils of wire to be wound and connected according to
the direction of currents in either case.
Figs. 3, 34 and 3B (Sheet 3) illustrate respectively a section of the telephone,
cross section on line o o of Fig. 3 and a diagram of the connections.
The telephone consists of two horse magnets and four corresponding pole
pieces R R R R³ and oblong cones of wire
on the opposite sides of
diaphragms to w¹. Intermediate coils of wire at with steel or soft iron cores g g²
are placed between the diaphragms in line with the poles of the magnets.
Apertures K are provided through which the sound waves are carried from or to
the four sides of the diaphragms, from or to the ear or speaking tube T. 1 are
several screws binding cases a a¹ and diaphragm frame together, G are regulating
screws and flanges of pole pieces, being extensions of the said flanges.
With reference to the diagram of connections (Fig. 3B) the six coils of two
parallel wires each are divided into two series and connected to each other in
succession in parallel or multiple arc and finally to terminals I, II, III, IV,
terminals II and III being connected by switches A A'. A further combination
of the multiple are may be applied by connecting switches A A' to terminals I
and II and to III and IV respectively. The resistance of the six coils in series
may average 1000 ohms which by the above combination is proportionately reduced,
other combinations are apparent.
-
Figs. 4, 4 and 4B (Sheet 4) respectively illustrate a section of a telephone, cross
section on line o o of Fig. 4 and a front view of one of the arms of the magnets.
This telephone consists of two semi circular maguets e c¹ furnished with four
inverted arms mm² m² m³ of the same material attached to the main magnets c c¹
by screws e e e 3 through slots v (Fig. 4B). aaaa are four oblong cones of two
parallel wires each, and 6 is the diaphragm frame, ff are two of several screws
clamping diaphragm frame. y is one of several screws binding diaphragm
frame to case and is one of several screws binding the two halves of the
case a a' together. tt are screws for securing the magnets to the case.
By means of slots (Fig. 4B) the distance of the pole pieces R R¹ R² R³, from
the diaphragm ware roughly regulated on being placed inside the case, a final
regulation being effected by means of screws G upon the outside. p p² p² p² are
flanges of pole pieces made sufficiently wide to enclose the sound chambers K K¹,
and sufficiently elastic to respond to final adjustment. The sound waves from K Ki
proceed through apertures to ear or speaking tube T.
The telephone is fitted together as follows:-
e
The arms m and m² of the magnets are wound with wire and attached by means
of screws and placed in case a, the half of diaphragm frame bis then secured
in place and the second half of diaphragm frame b¹ is then secured in position by
several screws, the diaphragm w being clamped between the parts. The
arms m² and m³ are then inserted and the flanges p p being secured, the second
half of the case a¹ is then fixed in position by means of several screws 1, the wires
having been previously joined to terminals I, II, III, IV, and connected together
as per diagrams Figs. 2B, or 3.
>
The form and position of magnets (Fig. 4) will permit of two north poles being
placed on one side of diaphragm, and two south poles on the other as marked N
and S causing the attraction through the diaphragm on the opposing north and
south poles to be more direct and intense, and 'consequently increasing the induced
currents in the coil, and increasing the vibrations of the diaphragm. Two diaphragms
with two intermediate coils may be employed with advantage as in Fig. 3.

page_text: The main semi-circular magnets may be increased in size and placed outside the
case, the inverted arms being made adjustable from the outside by means of four
slots and screws e and also by screws G.
Fig. 5 illustrates a section of a telephone, Fig. 54 being a section on line.o o of
Fig. 5, and Fig. 5B, a plan of the telephone. For simplicity only two magnets are
shown in Fig. 5 and only the arms in Fig. 5, but in Fig. 5B one half of all the
magnets are shown. This telephone consists of two sets of three double semi circular
magnets cccccc with their similar poles attached separately to four pole pieces of
soft iron R R R2 R³, with corresponding coues of wire and brought to act
upon two diaphragms ww. Two intermediate coils and with iron or steel
cores g g are placed between the diaphragms in line with the two pole pieces
on the opposite sides of the diaphragms. The magnets are secured to the case by
screws t and are capable of being adjusted laterally by screws G, the arms or pole
pieces R R R R being attached to the magnets by means of screws e, and
are flanges of pole pieces as in Fig. 4. The sound waves are conducted to or from
the four sides of the diaphragms w w¹ by means of apertures K by means of which
they are likewise conducted to the ear or speaking tube T. are several screws
connecting the parts of the case together.
p
This form of telephone may also consist of two or more sets of two or more
double semi circular magnets and one or two diaphragms, with or without one or
more intermediate coils of wire, or several double semi circular or horse-shoe
magnets with their combined north poles attached separately to a pole piece of soft
iron and their combined south poles attached to a similar pole piece, both inverted,
with two corresponding cones of wire, and brought to act upon a diaphragm as in
Fig. 4 or upon two diaphragms as in Fig. 5 with or without an intermediate coil of
wire encircling a core of soft iron or steel. The ends of the pole pieces being of
an oblong shape the intermediate oblong coil is placed at right angles with respect
to the opposing poles acting upon it through the diaphragms.
Either of the forms of telephone herein described may be fixed in a stationary
position, provided with flexible or other ear or speaking tubes and used as receivers
or transmitters, or in combination with a microphone or other transmitter.
The cases may be made of any suitable inaterial but preferably of ebonite,
aluminium, brass, or all combined.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
ciaim is
=
1. The improvements in and connected with telephones substantially as herein
described, and shown in the accompanying six sheets of drawings, and for the
purposes specified.
2. The application of round or oblong cones of wire to electro-magnetic telephones
covering part or whole of magnets, substantially as herein described and shown
and for the purposes specified.
3. The employment of two parallel wires in winding the coils of electro-magnetic
telephones and connected in series or multiple arc substantially as herein described
and shown and for the purposes specified.
4. The utilization of sound waves from both sides of the diaphragm in the
ordinary "bell" telephone, or from one or both sides of one or two diaphragms,
substantially as herein described and shown and for the purposes specified.
5. In an electro-magnetic telephone the employment of two horse-shoe magnets
with a portion of their limbs bent out at right angles, with corresponding coils
between two diaphragms, and with regulating screws substantially as herein
described and shown with reference to Figs. 2 and 24 (Sheet 2) of the accompanying
drawings and for the purposes specified.
6. In an electro-maguetic telephone the employment of two double pole magnets
with four corresponding coils, placed in line on the outside of two parallel
diaphragms, with or without two intermediate coils between the diaphragms and

page_text: also in line with the poles of the magnet substantially as herein described and
shown with reference to Fig. 3 (Sheet 3) of the accompanying drawings, and for
the purposes specified.
7. In an electro-magnetic telephone the employment of two semi-circular magnets.
with four inverted arms aud corresponding coils, with like or unlike poles on oue
side of diaphragm corresponding to the opposite poles or signs on the other side of
diaphragm, substantially as herein described and shown with reference to Fig. 4
(Sheet 4) of the accompanying drawings, and for the purposes specified.
8. In an electro-magnetic telephone the employment of two semi-circular
magnets with four corresponding coils with like or unlike poles on the off side of
two parallel diaphragms in line with their opposite signs on the other side of the
diaphragms, with one or more intermediate coils between the diaphragms and also
in line with the poles of the magnets, and with regulating screws arranged
internally as per Figs. 3 and 4 (Sheets 3 & 4) of the accompanying drawings.
9. In an electro-magnetic telephone the employment of two sets of two or more
semi-circular or horse shoe magnets with their like poles attached separately to
four pole pieces or arms of soft iron and inverted, with corresponding cones of
wire, and arranged on each side of a diaphragm similarly to Fig. 4 (Sheet 4) of the
accompanying drawings.
10. In an electro-magnetic telephone the employment of two sets of two or
more double semi-circular or horse-shoe magnets with their like poles screwed
separately to four pole pieces or arms of soft iron and inverted, with corresponding
cones of wire, and arranged on the off side of two parallel diaphragms with or
without intermediate coils of wire surrounding soft iron or steel cores substantially
as herein described and shown with reference to Figs. 5 5 and 5B (Sheets 5 & 6)
of the accompanying drawings, and for the purposes specified..
11. In an electro-magnetic telephone the employment of two or more semi-circular
or borse-shoe magnets with like poles screwed separately to two pole pieces or arms
of soft iron and inverted, with corresponding cones of wire, and arranged on each
side of a diaphragm similarly to Fig. 4 (Sheet 4) of the drawings.
12. In an electro-inagnetic telephone the employment of two or more double semi-
circular horse shoe magnets with like poles screwed separately to two pole pieces.
or arms of soft iron and inverted, with corresponding cones of wire arranged on
the off sides of two parallel diaphragms with an intermediate oblong coil of wire
placed at right angles to the opposing oblong pole pieces on the opposite sides of
the said diaphragms and arranged similarly to Fig. 5 (Sheet 5) of the accompanying
drawings.
F. G. CASSELL,
Of Cassell & Co.,
22, Glasshouse Street, Regent Street, London, W.,
Agent for the Applicant.