IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING FATS' AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM BONES AND OTHER. ANIMAL SUBSTANCES; AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred George Lock, of Millbrook, in the County
of Hants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING AND
PURIFYING FATS' AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM BONES AND OTHER. ANIMAL
SUBSTANCES; AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred George Lock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1865.
I, ALFRED GEORGE LOCK, of Millbrook, in the County of Hants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING
AND PURIFYING FATS AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM BONES AND OTHER ANIMAL SUB-
STANCES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in boiling or sweating bones or other animal sub-
stances by means of steam, which I accomplish in the following manner :-
I provide a cistern composed of iron, copper, or other suitable metal mounted
on hollow trunnions supported by suitable wooden or metal standards at or
about the centre thereof, so as to be easily turned over and emptied of its
contents. Through one or both of the aforesaid hollow trunnions a steam pipe
is introduced into the above-named metal cistern in which the bones or other
animal substances are placed, and steam is thereby conveyed from a steam

page_text: boiler or other steam generator, which so boils or sweats the bones and other
animal substances. The above-mentioned pipe is to be fitted with a cock for
the purpose of turning the steam off and on. The afore-named metal cistern
is covered with a top and surrounded by a hollow casing composed of iron,
copper, or other suitable material, and attached to the casing by bolts, rivets,
screws, or other suitable attachments. The aforesaid hollow casing is made
to communicate with a cistern of cold water by means of a pipe fitted with a
tap, so that when the bones and other animal substances have been sufficiently
steamed the cold water may be turned on and the steam cock shut, when the
steam becomes condensed and a vacuum is formed, in consequence of which
all the fat and valuable products of the bones and other animal substances
exude and become extracted. The bottom of the aforesaid iron or copper
cistern is fitted with a pipe, furnished with a tap and dipping into a cistern of
water. As soon as condensation has been effected the cold water in the casing
surrounding the cistern is cut off, and on the steam being again admitted, and
the tap at the bottom of the cistern being opened, all the fat and valuable
products are washed out into the cistern beneath, and rise to the surface of the
water where they may be skimmed off, being found white and of a pure and
excellent quality. The cistern may now be turned on one side by means
of the trunnions, and the bones and refuse ejected, and a fresh quantity
supplied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred George Lock, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, ALFRED
GEORGE LOCK, of Millbrook, in the County of Hants, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred George Lock, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred
George Lock, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Alfred George Lock, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain

page_text: and. Ireland, the Channel Islands,. and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING AND PURIFYING FATS AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM BONES
AND OTHER ANIMAL SUBSTANCES AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred George Lock, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred George Lock, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in extracting and purifying
fats and other products from bones and other animal substances, and in
apparatus for the same. For this purpose the bones or other substances are
placed in a vessel of iron or other material of cylindrical or other suitable
shape, having a steam-tight moveable cover, and fixed or hung on pivots for
the convenience of filling and emptying, and the steam is admitted direct on
the contents. To this vessel a water jacket may be attached connected with
a cold water cistern for producing a vacuum.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the method in in which
I should conduct the extraction.
The bones or other substances to be acted on are placed in the vessel A,
the cover B is then fastened on, and the steam being admitted by means of a
tap C, which is conducted to the top of the vessel when upright by a pipe D,
the air is expelled through a tap which is placed at the bottom of the vessel E
for the purpose of withdrawing the material extracted; when the air is
expelled the lower tap E is closed, the steam being allowed to enter the vessel
until the contents are sufficiently heated. The lower tap E is then opened,
and the matter extracted blown out by the steam into à vessel placed to
receive it. If a more perfect extraction is required, the cold water jacket F
can be used by shutting the steam tap C and turning on the tap G, which
communicates with the cold water cistern. The cold water flowing into the
water jacket at the lower extremity fills it up and flows out at the top, thereby
condensing the steam in the vessel, and thus creating a vacuum. The bones
or other substances being allowed to remain a short time in this vacuum, the

page_text: lower tap Ę is opened, the steam readmitted at C, and the extracted matter
expelled through the lower tap E. The cover B is then unfastened, removed
by means of a lever H, and secured in position by a stop I, and the contents
discharged by inverting the vessel by means of a screw and worm K.
By the improvements herein-before described the following advantages will
be obtained, economy of space, a great saving of labour and fuel, the preven-
vention of the noxious vapours arising from the present method of boiling
bones, &c. in open vessels, and the larger quantity and superior quality of the
extracted matter.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred George Lock, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ALFRED GEORGE LOCK. (L.S.)