IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING
TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES," a communication to me from abroad
by Otto Obermaier, of Lambrecht, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the apparatus described by the
specification of letters patent N° 2181 dated the 30th of April 1883, and consists
in new arrangements of the perforated plates and of the liquid circulation, the
perforated plates being either cylindrical or flat or both combined.
The materials to be treated, such as yarn for the purpose of dyeing, may be
placed upon a perforated bottom in a cylindrical vessel having a liquid inlet at the
top and an outlet at the bottom, and through which a continuous circulation of
liquid or gas is produced by a suction pump. Or the cylindrical vessel may have
an adjustable perforated cover in addition to the false bottom, and an axial pipe
through which the fluid is introduced from below, the latter being allowed to enter
the vessel through lateral slots or perforations of the pipe situated below the false
bottom. The liquid may be caused to pass through the vessel either upward, or
downward so as to escape through the bottom of the axial tube, the pump being
made to act either by suction or by pressure.
Or the cylindrical vessel containing the textile material may have a perforated
axial tube and be enclosed at the circumference and at the bottom by a jacket, so
that the liquid enters the bottom of the said jacket in the centre and passing
upward in the jacket flows through the perforated circumference of the vessel into
the interior of the same and then through the perforated axial tube upward, being
subsequently allowed to fall down into a casing or outer vessel which surrounds
the said jacket and which communicates at the bottom with the jacket, so as
to establish a continuous circulation. Or the material may be placed in a solid
cylindrical vessel having a perforated axial tube into which the liquid is made to
077

page_text: penetrate after having passed through the vessel and from which the liquid is
discharged at the lower end.
Or the vessel containing the textile material may be adapted to turn on a pair
of horizontal hollow journals, the axis of which is situated between two false
perforated bottoms, so that the liquid passes from the journals through the said
false bottoms into the vessel and is then discharged through two adjustable
perforated covers situated on opposite sides of the shaft. One of the two bearings
of the shaft may serve as inlet for the liquid.
The main receptacle for the textile material may either be a large cylinder, the
ends of which are closed by one of the said perforated false bottoms and by one of
the perforated covers, or a group of small cylinders placed parallel to each other
inside a large cylinder and provided with perforated ends.
Or two perforated cylinders may be placed parallel to each other in one tank,
each cylinder having a perforated axial tube, and a movable cover adapted to be
pressed down by turning a screw, the said cylinders being supplied alternately by
a reversible pump arranged so as to suck liquid either from the axial tube of the
first cylinder and discharge it through the axial tube of the second cylinder or vice-
versa, by reversing the motion of the pump. The improved appliances are chiefly
intended for dyeing purposes and may be used with liquids or gases. They have
the common feature, to cause a continuous circulation of fluids through the textile
material and to produce a uniform distribution of the fluid by means of perforated
surfaces. If the textile materials is in the shape of bobbins, the interstices between
the latter should be carefully filled by porous packing material in order to ensure
a uniform distribution of the liquid.

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES," a communication to mo
from abroad by Otto Obermaier, of Lambrecht, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
:-
This invention relates to improvements in the processes described by the Speci-
fication of letters patent No 2181, dated 30th of April 1883.
In describing the invention reference will be made to the accompanying drawings,
Figs 1 to 7.
Fig. 1 represents an apparatus comprising a receptacle H H of any suitable
shape, and in which the textile material is placed upon a perforated bottom J
(situated at a variable height and pressing on the material) and brought in contact
with the dye bath introduced at the top of the apparatus through pipe F.
The bath is sucked through the material which occupies the space M M, and is
again forced through the top of the apparatus by means of a force pump connected
with the apparatus at R. The pump thus effects the circulation already referred
to in English patent No 2181, A.D. 1883. F is the force pipe connected with the
apparatus at A.
In the modification illustrated by Fig. 2, the receptacle is formed by a double
cylinder, namely an inner and an outer cylinder HH which are not perforated,
while the cover Y is perforated. The cylinder is provided with a perforated
false bottom W, while the lower bottom C is solid.
In this modification of the apparatus, the inner cylinder is provided between the
false bottom W and the lower bottom C with large openings V, through which the
liquid enters the space between the two bottoms, subsequently it penetrates
the material to be treated, by passing through the perforated bottom W, after
which the liquid escapes through the perforated cover Y and falls back into the
reservoir, in order to recommence the circulation, as indicated by arrows, (as in the
apparatus described in the specification of Patent No 2181, A.D. 1883).
When the pump
acts by suction, the liquid circulates in a direction opposite to
that indicated by the arrows.
The inner perforated bottom is fitted loosely into the cylinder, and the liquid
discharged (and pressed) by the pump may eventually serve to compress the
material.
In the construction illustrated by Fig. 3 the liquid, or the gaseous ingredients,
are introduced by a pump, a blower, or an injector (as in the apparatus described
in Patent N° 2181, A.D. 1883) through A into the cylinder having a double bottom E
and F (placed in the apparatus as described in Patent No 2181 A.D. 1883); this
liquid or these gases are conducted towards the top along the double lateral walls B
and D, and forced through the perforated wall B of the cylinder into the material,
upon which presses a lid at a variable beight.
The liquids or gases pass into the inner cylinder C through the perforations of
the same, and fall back from the top into the vessel G, whereupon the circulation
recommences.
In this manner the liquid is allowed the greatest surface of action, where it
penetrates the material to be treated, that is to say, just where the greatest
deposits are formed, and this surface diminishes towards the exit in a manner

page_text: corresponding to the diminution of the pressure. In this case the liquid may also
be caused to circulate by suction.
In the apparatus represented by Figs 4, 5 and 6 (of which figs 5 and 6 are
different sections of the apparatus) the cylinder or receptacle has two perforated
false bottoms N, through which the liquid is forced into the material, on its passage
to the outlet openings in the covers o, which are placed at a variable height. For
the purpose of dyeing (combed) slivers in the shape of bobbins I provide a series
of small cylinders, as indicated in the drawing by the latter 2. As these small
cylinders enclose the slivers' in the shape of bobbins, the filling up of the interstices
between the bobbins, as mentioned in my English Patent N° 2181, A.D. 1883, is
useless or even impossible, because the shape (dimensions) of the small separate
cylinders must in each case be adapted to the dimensions of the bobbins.
For other materials, I use the arrangement, indicated by letters M M, and in
which a perforated bottom is employed at a variable height. The apparatus or
receptacle is mounted in such manner, that it may be turned during the operations.
The apparatus represented by fig. 7, comprises two cylinders B¹ and B¹¹ (in
which the material to be dyed is compressed by means of a screw and a cover)
arranged in the reservoir A containing the dye bath. The pump C, (the blades of
which may be turned to the right or to the left by crossing the driving belt or not),
causes the dye bath to circulate alternately in opposite directions, that is to say, to
be sucked through B¹ and forced through B, and vice versa.
By this, reciprocal action the textile material is thoroughly and uniformly dyed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The apparatus, chiefly consisting of a receptacle H H, provided below with a
perforated bottom J and a suction hole R connected with a pump, and at the top
with a discharge-pipe.
2. The modified apparatus, chiefly consisting of an outer cylinder H, an inner
tube H provided below with apertures V, a perforated lid Y placed at a variable
height, and a perforated bottom W.
3. The modified apparatus, comprising a vessol G, which encloses a cylinder D
having a bottom F and containing a receptacle formed by two perforated concentric
cylinders B, C a bottom E and a lid at a variable height.
4. The modified construction, allowing to impart rotary motion to the apparatus
while at work, and comprising a receptacle which has either two perforated
bottoms N N with small vertical cylinders Z covered by perforated lids O, or a
perforated bottom N and a perforated bottom O at variable heights.
5. The modified apparatus, which comprises a tank A enclosing two perforated
cylinders B B each of which is provided with a lid at a variable height and with
a perforated inner pipe, both pipes communicating with a pump C adapted to be
worked forward and backward.
The whole substantially as described and illustrated and for the purposes
specified.