Improved Permanent Way.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improved Permanent Way.
I, HENRY SADLER, of Bradford Place, Penarth, near Cardiff, Clerk do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention has for its object the provision of a firm elastic, jointless
permanent way for railways and tramways which can be easily, safely and
economically packed and maintained.
The present mode of forming permanent way produces an uneven and expensive
road.
The rails and joints are not equal in strength consequently sagging takes place.
The rails have to be discarded after only a small percentage has been worn off.
The position of the sleepers requiring men to work in the face of trains; the
amount of surplus material to be removed to get at the bed of the sleepers; the
slow process of packing and the general circumstances attending the lifting and
repairs result in the road on busy lines being neglected or repaired at great cost
after ordinary hours. The sleepers rapidly deteriorate causing the chairs to move
out of position and the road get wide to gauge. The wooden keys constantly drop
out in dry weather.
I remedy these defects by placing in the ballast longitudinal anchor pieces bars
or plates formed of iron bars or plates or concrete enclosed in iron sheeting to which
I secure the rails with transverse ties the rails being supported on metal plates or
sleepers laid on the usual ballast and formed so as to be easily detached without
disturbing the road thus enabling any packing or alterations to be carried out
safely, expeditiously and at much less cost than at present.
The rail I form in two parts. One part which comes in contact with the wheel
tyre being called the wearing rail and the part which supports it being called the
rail bearer.
The former can be made of very hard material and when worn out is easily
replaced reducing the amount of material to be discarded to about one third what
it is at present. The latter may consist of an old rail laid upon its side.
The wearing rails being placed so as to overlap the ends of those below the
joints are not felt and a continuous perfectly smooth road is the result.
At junctions I place transverse sleepers formed of concrete enclosed in iron
sheeting. On these are placed hard wood packing forming a cushion. In lieu of
the costly work of packing the underside of the sleepers I vary the wood packing
pieces as circumstances may require and in this way secure at very slight trouble
and expense a perfectly firm road.
Dated this 7th day of October 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Permanent Way.
I, HENRY SADLER, of Bradford Place, Penarth, near Cardiff, Clerk, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object the provision of a firm elastic, permanent way

page_text: for railways and tramways which can be easily, safely and economically packed
and maintained.
The present mode of forming permanent way produces an uneven and expensive
road.
The rails and joints are not equal in strength consequently sagging takes place.
The rails have to be discarded after only a small percentage has been worn off.
The position of the sleepers requiring men to work in the face of trains; the
amount of surplus material to be removed to get at the bed of the sleepers; the
slow process of packing and the general circumstances attending the lifting and
repairs result in the road on busy lines being neglected or repaired at great cost
after ordinary hours. The sleepers rapidly deteriorate causing the chairs to move
out of position and the road get wide to gauge. The wooden keys constantly drop
out in dry weather.
I remedy these defects by placing in the ballast longitudinal anchor pieces, bars
or plates formed of iron bars or plates or concrete enclosed in iron sheeting to
which I secure the rails with transverse ties the rails being supported on metal
plates or sleepere laid on the usual ballast and formed so as to be easily detached
without disturbing the road thus enabling any packing or alterations to be carried
out safely, expeditiously and at much less cost than at present.
Figure 1 is a plan of the arrangement. a a are the rails, bb the transverse ties
and c c the anchor plates. Preferably the ties b carry plates d which rest on the
ballast. The details of the way of securing the rails to the ties bare shown
in transverse and longitudinal section in Figures 2 and 3. The ties 6 have
projections 61 62 upon them which pass through slots in the plates d and form the
sides of a chair to receive the rail which is held in them by a wedge e. This
wedge has a flange el at one end having a hole in it to receive the bolt f by which
it is forced towards the tie. Or the parts may be made separate from bas
shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6. The part in which the rail rests may be made with a
jaw of less width than shewn and would be secured by passing it over the rail from
the end and then secured by a thin wedge. The tie bars are formed of ordinary
bar iron or channel iron or may be made out of old rails. The anchor plates c
may be secured to the tie bar by rivets or by slotting in such a manner that when
the tie bar is passed through the slot in the anchor plate the latter is turned round
and is thus secured in position without the aid of other fastening or the plates c
and d may be made in one piece with each other and may be bent down at both
ends or in the middle by making it of a V section. 9 g Figure 1 are metal plates
or sleepers on which the rails a rest. Since the strain due to lateral movement
which is thrown on the ordinary sleeper fastenings is in my system borne by the
tie bars and anchor plates and the sleepers thus become a mere base plate for the
rails and move in accordance with it, it is therefore unnecessary to provide on
the moveable sleepers any other fastenings than will prevent them slipping from
under the rail.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show in transverse and longitudinal section three methods
all of which are indicated in plan in Figure 1 and are there marked Figures 7,
Figures 8 and Figures 9 respectively. In Figures 7 a chair is formed by bending
up portions g³ g² of the plate g the rail being secured by a wedge similar to the
wedge e of Figures 1 and 2. In Figures 8 and Figures 9 channel bars ; rivetted
to the plates y are employed. The arrangement shewn in Figures 9 is suitable for
use at joints, in this case fish plates and elongated bolts & are employed. When it
is desired to have all the plates moveable the plates d would be placed under
instead of over the tie bars and the lower projections on the tie bar 6 Figure 4
would hold it in position in the same way as the anchor plate is secured to the
tie bar.
When it is desired to pack the road it can be done by lifting the rail in the
same way as is done for ordinary lifting the plates g are then taken out and the
ballast dropped from hopper waggons, or shovelled on, which operation, besides
being less dangerous would be far more expeditious and economical than the

page_text: The plates g
use occupy
present mode of driving ballast under the fixed sleepers.
about two thirds of the space covered and in ordinary practice it will not be
necessary to pack the plates d.
For small lifts such as occur at the joints I bring the rail up to its proper
position by metal packing pieces such as are shewn at Figure 10 which are
placed between the rail and the channel iron j and are bent down at either end
sufficient to retain them in position.
The rail form in two parts Figure 11 11* 11**. One part which comes in
contact with the wheel tyre being called the wearing rail and the part which
supports it being called the rail bearer.
The former can be made of very hard material and when worn out is easily
replaced reducing the amount of material to be discarded to about one third what
it is at present. The latter may consist of an old rail laid upon its side.
The
The wearing rails being placed so as to overlap the ends of those below the
joints are not felt and a continuous perfectly smooth road is the result.
wearing rail is secured in position by ordinary clips or fishplates.
The same system is applicable to junctions. The tie bars at junctions would be
of about the same length as the present timber crossing sleepers. In some special
cases where the junctions are of a very complicated character and in order not to
weaken the tie bar by making too many slots I should drill holes at short distances
where the rails would require to be fixed and secure the clips to the tie bars by
rivets.
Where the rails converge and join each other the moveable sleepers may be
made to take more than one rail.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of the rails, the tie bars, and the supporting plates substan-
tially as described.
2. Permanent way substantially as described and shown in the drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1894.
HENRY SADLER.