IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ELECTRICAL AND TELEPHONIC EXCITATIONS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Samuel Hickley, of Prince of Wales Crescent,
Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ELECTRICAL AND TELEPHONIC
EXCITATIONS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN
"
Scaled the 5th July 1878, and dated the 13th May 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Arthur Samuel Hickley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1878.
ARTHUR SAMUEL HICKLEY, of Prince of Wales Crescent, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING
ELECTRICAL AND TELEPHONIC EXCITATIONS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE
OF THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My said Invention consists, firstly, in certain improvements in the arrangement of
apparatus in the construction of telephones or instruments for transmitting and
receiving musical or articulate sounds, and by means of which such operations can
be performed with greater efficacy and perfection than by the instruments hereto-
fore used for such purposes.
The second part of my said Invention consists in certain arrangements to be used
in connection with telephonic instruments, and whereby the impulses are condensed
and intensified, the same being capable of being used both for transmission and
receiving.
I will now refer to the annexed Drawings from which the nature of my said
Invention will be clearly understood.
The same letters of reference refer to like parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Figure 1 is a cross section, and Figure 2 a top view, below the diaphragm of an
arrangement of magnets radiating from a common centre A, and having in
connection therewith a polarized plate or diaphragm B, the lines of magnetism of
which radiate from all points of the circumference; M are the magnets, having all
the north poles thereof (or the south poles as the case may be) connected together,
the opposite poles being arranged radially around the centre A thus formed. The

page_text: poles forming the said centre are either inade longer than the outer poles, or a
piece of soft iron is placed thereon, and upon this elongation or piece of soft iron is
wound a quantity of insulated wire forming the coil C, the ends of which are
fastened to the terminals d, d. The outer ends of the magnets are connected
together with an iron ring R for the purpose of diffusing the magnetism, and which
may be placed vertically thereon, as à tube, or if desired, as a band or rim to which
the diaphragm is screwed or otherwise connected. The said ring is, by preference,
divided into sections which are connected together by narrow bands of dia-magnetic
material. The upper part of the said ring projects slightly above the level of the
upper part of the centre A. The radiating plate or diaphragm B, which is, by
preference, divided into two or more segments joined together by dia-magnetic
material, is arranged in front of the poles of the magnets, not quite touching the
centre A, the touching of the ring being of little importance.
The apparatus which is of the same construction both for transmitting and
receiving, is placed in any suitable box or covering W. D is the mouth-piece, and
N, the north poles.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-As soon as a sound, either musical or
articulate, is produced in front of the diaphragm of the transmitting instrument,
the said diaphragm is caused to vibrate and to approach or recede from the
connected poles of the magnets forming the centre, thus generating currents of
electricity in the coil or coils of insulated wire. These currents are conveyed by
means of wires to a receiving instrument constructed as herein-before described,
and passing through the coil or coils thereof, cause an increase or decrease in the
power of the inagnet, thus vibrating the diaphragm, and causing it to emit sounds
corresponding with those produced at the other end.
Instead of one coil only being wound round the poles, forming the centre, as
herein-before described, the said poles may be so arranged as to have a coil round
each, the ends of the coils being connected in such a manner as to cause the same
to act as one coil. When the ring is dispensed with, the diaphragm is polarized by
being made to touch or nearly touch the outer ends of the magnets.
Figures 3 and 4 show top view and cross section of an apparatus, in which
instead of arranging the coil or coils as before described, a coil having a corc c of
soft iron wires is placed in a tube c¹ of iron or steel or other substance capable of
being magnetised, around or below which are arranged the poles of the magnets,
forming the centre, the circuit being completed as will be well understood.
Figures 5 and 6 are side view and cross section of an arrangement of apparatus
in which the poles of a magnet or magnets M (one or both poles being provided
with coils C) are brought opposite each other, having suspended between the saine
the necessary vibrating plate or diaphragm D which is polarized by separate
magnets & screwed or fixed radially to the edge thereof, and the outer poles of
which magnets may be connected by an iron ring d. In some cases round each
coil is placed a ring of iron or steel which by induction are converted into the
opposite poles to those upon which their respective coils are wound, or, the last-
mentioned rings may be fixed to the diaphragm so as to vibrate with it and at the
same time to encircle the coils.
Another modification of the apparatus is to wind the coils which surround the
magnet or magnets in any of the above-described arrangements with two separate
wires arranged side by side, or the one over the other, a number of instruments so
constructed being connected together so that all the secondary wires are attached
to one instrument which is to be considered as the receiver or transmitter, as the
case may be, the other wires of the coils being connected to wires attached to the
instrument at the other end.
When currents are induced in the coils which surround the cores, by the
vibrating of the plates they in turn induce currents in the wire by which they are
surrounded, which latter currents adding their strength to the primary greatly
increase the loudness of the speaking. If desired, both the primary and secondary
currents may go through the line wire to the receiving instrument.
•

page_text: The condensing apparatus consists of a disc formed of metal or parchment
suitably mounted and so connected by means of threads or other contrivances with
the vibrating plate or plates of a telephone or combination of telephones as to be
caused to vibrate by the action thereof and to intensify the sounds emitted.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 show the construction of the before-mentioned condensing
apparatus and the necessary appliances for employing the same in connection with
a telephone or number of telephones.
Figure 7 shows a single telephone and condenser. A is the telephone, a the.
diaphragm thereof, and B is, the wire or thread connecting the latter to the
receiving condenser C; d, d, are the conducting wires of the telephone.
Figure 8 shows a condenser in combination with a number of telephones. The
excitations from the transmitting instrument are sent through the circuit d, d, and
through the combination of telephones B which are in connection with the
condenser C. The polarized plates of the telephones B act on their respective
threads or conductors b, the accumulated impulses of which are collected in the
thread b and thereby imparted to the condenser. The transmitting instrument
may also be constructed with a combination of telephones and condenser as herein-
before described.
Figure 9 shows a modification of apparatus as represented in Figures 5 and 6, in
which the condenser A of parchment or other material is connected to the telephonic
instrument, whether the magnetic poles are on one or both sides of the polarized
diaphragm. The connecting thread B is passed through the pole or poles of the
magnet or magnets. Thus one or both poles of the magnet or magnets will have a
hole made through the same to permit the thread or conductor to pass without
touching the magnet, as shown.
In order to render the telephone more sensitive, that part of the under portion of
the mouth-piece which is opposite the diaphragm has placed thereon a flat ring of
iron or steel, and such ring being connected with the diaphragm becomes
polarized.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider novel and original, and therefore claim, are,-
First. The combinations and arrangements of radiating magnets with a plate or
diaphragm which is radially magnetised thereby, substantially as herein-before set
forth and described.
Secondly. The construction of the vibrating plates or diaphragms and of
polarized rings in sections, which are united together by a dia-magnetic material,
substantially as herein-before set forth and described.
And, Thirdly. The construction, combination, and arrangement of apparatus to be
used in connection with the receiving and transmitting instruments of telephones
for the purpose of condensing or intensifying the sounds emitted thereby,
substantially as herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Samuel Hickley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
ARTHUR SAMUEL HICKLEY. (LS.)