Improvements in Gas Lamps.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Leit, 13th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 17th Aug., 1888
Improvements in Gas Lamps.
1 RICHARD WALTER PUGH of 89 Broad Street Pendleton Manchester in the County
of Lancaster House Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to that class of gas lamp wherein a circular burner is used,
and is applicable more particularly to gas lamps known as pillar and bracket lamps,
the object of the invention being to adapt such lamps to burning gas on what is known
as the "regenerative" principle, whereby it produces a more brilliant light. It is
also applicable to suspended lamps and to lamps for outside use.
To supply air to the top of the flame above the burner I employ a number of tubes
opening outwards and radiating towards a vertical central tube of larger diameter
which passes downwards to the top of the burner or burners (or a small distance above
the same) and over the entrance to the mouth or outward ends of these radiating tubes
I form a shield or baffle-plate to protect the air inlets from a sudden rush or blast
of wind.
Round these, radiating tubes I form a chimney or ventilator to allow the products of
combustion to escape.
Under the burner or burners I employ a central tube similar to the one above the
same and terminating just below the burners to supply air beneath the flame, and
beneath the open end of this tube, I also form a shield at the bottom of the lamp so
as to protect the entrance to the tube (which is the air inlet) against rough winds or
sudden rushes of air.
This shield I form of metal rings or plates some of which are fastened to a disc
above and alternate ones to the bottom of the lamp. The edges of these discs pass
each other but allow a sufficient space for the passage of the air into the mouth of the
tube beneath the burner or burners.
The gas supply pipe passes either upwards through the bottom of the lamp to the
burner or burners (which I prefer) or it may pass downwards from the top of the
lamp.

page_text: In the former case the top of the burner is fitted with a vertical pipe of a smaller
diameter than the supply pipe which is enclosed in an outer pipe and so arranged that
the gas is compelled to pass up the inner pipe and down the hollow space between the
two pipes before it can arrive at the burner, by which means the gas becomes heated
before it mixes with the warm air and the brilliancy of the light is increased.
In cases where the gas supply pipe passes downwards from the top of the lamp, this
arrangement is not required as the supply pipe being above the flame the gas becomes
sufficiently heated before it arrives at the burner.
The lamp is provided with suitable reflectors and with a hinged or swivelling lid or
door for convenience of lighting and cleaning and with suitable taps or valves for
regulating the supply of gas and air.
In a modification of the above (which is suitable for suspension from the ceiling of
an apartment or building) for the purposes of diminishing the shadow on the ceiling
and at the same time to make them more simple and substantially safe and effective
dispense with the reflector which is usually employed inside the glass around the
upper margin and 1 make the glass more globular than hitherto thereby reducing the
top of the lamp and consequently the shadow on the ceiling; and to complete
the effect I carry the air cell which is above the burner to a greater depth in the
globe thereby causing the rays of light to spread more freely.
I propose to construct the tube which supplies air to the lower side of the flame of
glass, and preferably of one piece with the globe, but if this tube is made of brass
or other metal 1 secure it firmly into the globe instead of its being loose as
heretofore.
The glass or globe has a flange on the top so that it can fit and be secured in a
metal ring which is made in two parts and works on hinges, being fastened with a
clip or screw.
Or I replace this arrangement by two metal discs having springs placed between
them so as to allow for the expansion and contraction of the glass, the bottom disc
being provided with radial pins having springs which cause them to enter holes in a
central rod or spindle. The latter also serves as the spindle for opening or closing
the tap.
This lamp is provided with a warm air cell which has at the bottom a perforated
plate and supplies air to the top side of the flame, and the tubes which admit the air
into the regenerator are provided with a shield to prevent any draughts or currents of
air from causing unsteadiness of the flame. A chimney is also provided to increase
the circulation of air passing through the lamp. In this case (as the lamp is suspended)
the gas supply pipe enters it above, passing down the chimney and through the warm
air cell whereby the gas is made warin and mixes freely with the warm air.
From the main gas supply pipe I carry a small gas pipe passing down the inside of
the air cell and out through the side near the bottom thereof just above the burner,
and provided with a tap which can be opened and closed from the outside.
This tap is intended to be opened just before the gas is turned off from the main
burner, and the gas ignites and forms a small flame or jet which continues to burn at
the mouth of the small pipe. When the gas is again turned on this small jet ignites
the gas at the circular burner and thus saves time and inconvenience in lighting.
When this lamp is used for outside purposes I provide it with an extra glass or globe
which is made with a flange and hangs in a hinged ring which is secured to a perforated
plate which admits air to the lamp.
I also provide it with an extra shield or baffle plate, and with a hood at the top of
the chimney.
Dated this 1011 1

page_text: Improvements in Gas Lamps.
I RICHARD WALTER PUGH of 89 Broad Street, Pendleton Manchester in the County
of Lancaster Decorator do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of gas lamp wherein a circular burner is used
and is applicable more particularly to gas lamps known as pillar and bracket lamps,
the object of the invention being to adapt such lamps to burning gas on what is known
as the "regenerative" principle whereby it produces a more brilliant light. It is also
applicable to suspended lamps and lamps for outside use.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference to
the annexed six sheets of drawings, marked with figures and letters of reference
corresponding with those in the following explanation thereof.
The drawings represent various modifications of my improved gas lamp, the same
parts being marked with similar letters in all the sheets in so far as they occur in the
said modifications.
Sheet 1. of the drawings represents a vertical section of a pillar or street lamp with
a polygonal glass body, composed of glass plates or sheets a fixed in a metal frame,
and having a door at one side or at the top hinged for convenience of lighting. This
body is airtight excepting at the top and bottom as hereinafter described.
To supply air to the top of the flame above the burner 6 I employ a number of
tubes c opening outwards and radiating towards a vertical central tube d of larger
diameter which passes downwards to the top of the burner b (or burners) or a small
distance above the same, and over the entrance to the mouth or outward ends of these
radiating tubes c I form a shield or baffle-plate e to protect the inlets from a sudden
rush or blast of wind.
Under the burner or burners I employ a central tube similar to the one above
the same and terminating just below the burner to supply air beneath the flame, and
beneath this tube f (the lower end of which is open) I also form a shield at the bottom
of the lamp so as to protect the entrance to the tube ƒ (which, is the air inlet) against
rough winds or sudden rushes of air.
This shield I form of metal rings or plates some of which are fastened to a disc h
above and alternate ones to the bottom i of the lamp. The edges of these discs pass
each other, but allow a sufficient space for the passage of the air into the mouth of the
tube beneath the burner or burners.
The gas supply pipe k in this case passes upwards through the bottom of the lamp
to the burner b, (or it may pass downwards from above as in some of the other forms
of lamp hereinafter described). In the former case the supply pipe is carried up

page_text: above the burner, the upper part k¹ thereof being of a smaller diameter, and this part
is enclosed in an outer pipe and so arranged that the gas is compelled to pass up to
the top of the inner pipe k¹ and down the hollow space between the two pipes k¹² and
before it can arrive at the burner b by which means the gas becomes heated before it
mixes with the warm air supplied by the tubes d and fand the brilliancy of the light
is increased.
In cases where the gas supply pipe passes downwards from the top of the
lamp as hereinafter described this arrangement is not required, as the supply pipe
being above the flame the gas becomes sufficiently heated before it arrives at the
burner.
This lamp is provided with a suitable reflector a' made of opal glass, metal or
other suitable material and with a chimney m for the escape of the products of
combustion.
In a modification of the above (represented in section on Sheet 2 of the drawings)
which is suitable for suspension from the ceiling of an apartment or building, for
the purposes of diminishing the shadow on the ceiling, and at the same time to
make them more simple and substantially safe and effective, I dispense with the
reflector, which is usually employed inside the glass a around the upper margin,
and I make the glass more globular than hitherto thereby reducing the diameter
of the top of the lamp and consequently the shadow on the ceiling; and to complete
the effect I bring the tube or warm air cell d which is above the burner to
a greater depth than usual in the globe a, thereby causing the rays of light to
spread more freely.
I propose in some cases, to construct the tube f, which supplies air to the
lower side of the flame, of glass, and preferably of one piece with the globe a
(as shown in the modification represented in section on Sheet 3 of the drawings)
but if the tube is made of brass or other metal, I sometimes secure it firmly
into the globe a instead of its being loose as heretofore.
The gas or globe a (Sheet 2), rests upon a metal ring or disc n which in its turn
rests upon a second ring or disc o, springs p being placed between the two rings to
allow for the expansión and contraction of the glass, the lower ring o being provided
with radial pins, having springs which cause them to enter into a circumferential
groove on a collar carried by the central rod or spindle s which also serves as
the spindle for opening or closing the tap t.
In some cases I dispense with the collar, and the pins q take into holes in the
lower end of the tube which is prolonged for that purpose, as shown in the
modification represented on Sheet 4 of the drawings.
The warm air cell d of these suspended lamps is provided at the bottom with a
perforated plate u and supplies air to the top side of the flame, and the radial tubes c
which admit air into the same are provided with a shield e to prevent any draughts or
currents of air from causing unsteadiness in the flame. I also sometimes enlarge the
upper end of the lower air tube f and insert therein a similar perforated plate u so as
to distribute the air more evenly, as shown at Sheets 2 and 4.
From the main gas supply pipe k I sometimes carry a small auxiliary gas pipe k¹
passing down inside the air cell d and out through the side near the bottom thereof
just above the burner, and provided with a tap, v which can be opened and closed
from the outside. This tap is intended to be opened just before the gas is turned off
from 'the main burner band the gas ignites and forms a small flame or jet which
continues to burn at the mouth of the small pipe k. When the gas is again turned
on at the main tap this small jet ignites the gas at the circular burner b and thus
saves time and inconvenience in lighting.
When this lamp is used for outside purposes I provide it with an extra glass globe a
outside the other (see Sheet 3) and this outer globe is made with a flange at the
top and hangs in a hinged ring a" which is secured to a perforated plate wo which
admits air to the lamp.
Or the ring may be made in two parts opening out on a hinge and secured by
a blip or screw

page_text: In Sheets 1. 2. and 4. the external air enters the lamp both above and below, but in
Sheet 3. the air for the bottom of the flame enters the outer globe a¹ at the top, but
it gains access to the under side of the burner through the lower air tube ƒ as in
the preceding cases.
In the modification shown on Sheet 5 all the air enters at the top of the lamp
through the perforations y.
A portion thereof enters the tube d through the radial pipes c (as in the former
instances) and another portion passes through the cross pipes c¹, into an inner tube d¹
surrounding the gas supply pipe k and then downwards round the cross pipe k
which supplies the ring burner and escaping by the perforations in the bottom of
the short tube supplies air to the lower side of the flame, as shown by the arrows.
Sheet 6 shows a modification of this lamp adapted for a railway carriage roof. The
glass a is fixed in a hinged ring a", as in Sheet 3, and is held in place by a spring
pin 3 so that the burner can be lighted from the inside, or instead of the spring pin
as shown a catch may be employed opening only by a key so that the passengers
cannot obtain access to the lamp.
All the air is taken in from above the roof at the points y, some passing through
the radial tubes c into the warm air chamber d and supplying air to the upper side
of the flame, and another portion passing through perforations into the annular
space d' and escaping through the space at the bottom thereof into the globe a
so as to supply air to the lower side of the flame. The gas supply pipe k passes to
the burner 6 through one of the radial tubes c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The general construction and arrangement of lamps as hereinbefore described
and illustrated by the drawings annexed.
Secondly. The improvements as applied to suspended lamps with globular glasses
and diminished top as represented on Sheets 2. 3. 4. 5. and 6.
Thirdly. The use of vertical springs between two discs or rings for supporting the
globes and allowing for their expansion and contraction.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement of the warm air cells or regenerators
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Dated this 12th day of July 1888.
GEORGE DAVIES,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.