IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR RAISING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE AS AUXILIARY MOTIVE MECHANISM FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: ealed the 21st January 1876, and dated the 18th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kissack Joshua
Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th August 1875.
I, JOHN KISSACK JOSHUA FOSTER, of Storr's Hill, Horbury, near
Wakefield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR RAISING
LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE AS AUXILIARY MOTIVE MECHANISM
FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus attached to the spear or other

page_text: (though this is not obligatory) to the spear (or equivalent) as an air-
tight tube (of cylindrical or other form) made of copper (or any other
material), or the mechanical equivalent of the same, to be fastened to
the spear (or equivalent), and work with the spear (or equivalent), which
is attached to the bucket of the pump (or to any appliance that is used
in lieu thereof), so that the hollow cylinder or air vessel or appliance
will displace one-half of the water or fluid (or other determined portion,
as deemed necessary) contained in the pump trees or the working barrel of
pump (or equivalent part of other machine). Thus the hollow or other
cylinder or air vessel, or other appliance, displaces the water or fluid
contained in the said pump, so that the pump trees or working barrel
will, by displacing a portion of the water or fluid, make the spear (or
equivalent) casier to work. The downward pressure of water or fluid
not displaced may thus be made equal to the upward pressure in pro-
portion to cylinder or other appliance above mentioned. The spear (or
equivalent) being attached and being secured to the working bucket in
pump (or equivalent in other machine) will afford a motive power to
assist the pump, engine (or other motive power or appliance), thus
aiding the said spear (or equivalent) in the act of working or pumping
the water or liquid required to be pumped, forced, or lifted, or in other
work in other machines.
11
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Kissack Joshua Foster in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 24th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KISSACK JOSHUA FOSTER, of Storr's Hill, Horbury, near Wakefield, in
the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-

page_text: cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Kissack Joshua
Foster, Her special licence that I, the said John Kissack Joshua
Foster, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Kissack Joshua Foster, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND
APPLIANCES FOR RAISING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE AS
AUXILIARY MOTIVE MECHANISM FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others that I, the said John Kissack Joshua Foster, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kissack Joshua Foster,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates chiefly to an improvement in suction and lift
pumps, whereby less power is required to work the pump, the Invention
being also applicable as auxiliary motive mechanism for various useful
purposes.
The Invention consists in the use of a "displacer" composed of a
hollow cylinder or vessel of other form attached to the pump spear, and
immersed in and displacing the water or liquid in the pump trees or
other part of the barrel. This displacer may be equal in volume to, say,
half the volume or capacity of the pump trees, and it will therefore
displace half the liquid contents of the same.
I do not however in any
way limit myself to these proportions, as the same may be varied
according to circumstances. The displacer may either be wholly
immersed, in which case it would be closed air-tight, or its upper end

page_text: may rise above the outlet or water level in the pump. This displacer,
which is fixed to the pump spear so as to move up and down therewith,
assists in raising the water both by displacing half the quantity on the
down stroke, as before mentioned, and also by its buoyant power, which
assists in raising the pump bucket, and with it the water above the
bucket, and not displaced by the cylinder. Therefore less power is
required to work the pump, there being less weight of water to lift, and
the buoyancy or upward pressure of the displacer assisting in raising the
bucket. The displacer may be constructed in any suitable way, and in
one length or in sections united together, or a number of displacers may
be attached to the pump spear as may be most convenient.
In order that my Invention may be more readily understood I have
illustrated it by way of example in the accompanying Drawing, which
represents a vertical section of an ordinary suction pump provided with
the improvement of my Invention.
a is the pump trees or upper part of the barrel; b, the working barrel,
in which is the bucket or piston c; and d, the spear or piston rod, all of
the ordinary or any other suitable construction; e is the displacer or
air vessel. It is preferably constructed of sheet metal, but may be of other
material, and of cylindrical form with conical ends, but it may be of any
other form preferred. This air vessel may be traversed longitudinally
by a tube f, through which the pump spear d passes, as shown, or the
tube may be dispensed with, and the spear instead of passing down
through the displacer may be divided into two or more parts attached to
the top and bottom ends of the same. The displacer is secured in
position on the spear by screw collars, or by cotters or other suitable
device, and moves up and down in the pump with the bucket and spear
of which it forms a part. It is constructed air-tight, and is strengthened
internally by suitable framework (not shown) if necessary. h, bottom
valve in barrel as usual; i, cross bar serving as a guide for the spear.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to
be protected by the herein-before part recited Letters Patent is,―
The application and employment in a pump barrel of a displacer
or air vessel attached to the pump spear, and operating substantially in
the manner herein set forth.

page_text: I also claim the application of the Invention as auxiliary motive
mechanism for various purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kissack Joshua Foster, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
JOHN KISSACK J. FOSTER. (L.S.)