An Improved Piston for Steam Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 14th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Piston for Steam Engines.
1, GEORGE TWIGDEN, of 34 Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to pistons of the type for which former Letters Patent
No. 16152 of 1890 were granted to me. This invention consists in improvements
upon such type of piston. According to this invention two flauged packing rings,
split diagonally as usual, are arranged axially in a flanged carrier ring concentric
with the piston and contained between the junk ring and the Hange of the piston.
The packing rings, of which the flanges only are in contact with the cylinder, are
kept distinct from each other by the intervention of a central flange of the carrier
ring. In the body of each packing ring are apertures formed therein at intervals
and communicating with a space existing between it and the body of the carrier
ring. The end flanges of the carrier ring are also pierced and a space intervenes
between the junk ring and one of the end flanges of the carrier ring. A similar
space intervenes between the opposite end Hange of the carrier ring and the piston
flange. Steam admitted into the cylinder at the back of the piston passes through
the apertures in the rear end flange into the space behind the packing ring nearest
that end. Thence it passes through the apertures in the body of this packing ring
to the exterior thereof. Thus the packing ring is acted upon and tends to expand
under pressure from behind, while, at the same time, a counteracting pressure is
exerted on it from without. The expanding force is sufficiently in excess of the
contracting force as to keep the ring steam tight against the wall of the cylinder
without causing undue friction.
While the rear end packing ring is being thus acted upon, the steam admitted
to the front end packing ring at the commencement of the previous stroke, is
exhausting and the ring is free from steam pressure, the two packing rings being in
all respects similar in construction. Similarly, when the front end ring is being
acted on by the steam the rear end ring is free from steam pressure.
1891
Dated this 20th day of Jul
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol Bank Buildings, Bristol, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Piston for Steam Engines.
:
I, GEORGE TWIGDEN, of 34 Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff, in the County
of Glamorgan, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in improvements in pistons of the kind for which former
Letters Patent No. 16152 of 1890.were granted to me.
According to this my present invention two flanged packing rings, split
diagonally, as usual, are arranged axially in a flanged carrier ring concentric with
the piston and contained between the junk ring and the flange of the piston. The
packing rings, of which the flanges only are in contact with the cylinder, are kept
distinct from each other by the intervention of a central flange of the carrier ring.
In the body of each packing ring are apertures formed therein at intervals and
communicating with a space existing between it and the body of the carrier ring.
The end flanges of the carrier ring are also pierced, and a space intervenes between
ID-371

page_text: the junk ring and one of the end flanges of the carrier ring. A similar space
intervenes between the opposite end flange of the carrier ring and the piston flange.
Steam admitted into the cylinder at the back of the piston passes through the
apertures in the rear end flange into the space behind the packing ring nearest that
end. Thence it passes through the apertures in the body of this packing ring to
the exterior thereof.
Thus the packing ring is acted upon and tends to expand under pressure from
behind, while, at the same time, a counteracting pressure is exerted on it from
without. The expanding force is sufficiently in excess of the contracting force_as
to keep the ring steam tight against the wall of the cylinder without causing undue
friction. While the rear end packing ring is being thus acted upon, the steam
admitted to the front end packing ring at the commencement of the previous stroke,
is exhausting, and the ring is free from steam pressure, the two packing rings being
in all respects similar in construction.
Similarly, when the front end ring is being acted on by the steam the rear end
⚫ring is free from steam pressure.
In the accompanying drawing is represented, partly in elevation and partly in
section, a piston constructed and arranged in accordance with this invention.
a is a carrier ring flanged towards each end and also about midway, as shown.
This carrier ring a, the flanges of which are not in contact with the cylinder
wall, is concentric with the piston rod and is contained between the junk ring b
and the piston flange The ring a carries two flanged packing rings d d' the
flanges of which bear against the cylinder wall. The rings d d are kept distinct
from each other by the central flange of the carrier ring a.
C.
At intervals in the ring d d' are apertures by which communication is established
between the annular space behind the rings d'' and the space intervening between
the ring bodies and the cylinder wall. The outer flanges of the carrier ring a are
also pierced at intervals, and by the orifices therein communication is established
between the aforesaid space behind the packing rings d d and the cylinder.
It will be readily understood that on steam being admitted into the cylinder
behind the piston a part of the steam passes through the orifices finto the space g
behind the packing ring d and thence by the apertures e to the exterior of
the ring. Thus the ring d is expanded by the steam pressure acting upon it from
behind, while at the same time a counteracting pressure is exerted upon it from
without. The expanding force is sufficiently in excess of the counteracting
pressure as to keep the ring d steamtight against the wall of the cylinder without
creating undue friction.
While the rear end packing ring d is being thus acted upon, the steam admitted
to the space g¹ and thence to the exterior of the ring d' at the commencement of
the previous stroke, by the orifices f¹ in the carrier ring a and the orifices e in the
packing ring d, which is similar in all respects to the ring d, is exhausting.
Similarly, when steam is admitted at the front of the piston and acts upon the
ring d¹ the steam behind the piston is being exhausted.
- Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A piston for steam engines, having a fixed flanged carrier ring a concentric with
the piston head and having apertures ff' in the outer or end flanges and carrying
a pair of packing rings d d' with apertures e e', the arrangement being such that
each packing ring is in turn acted upon at front and back by steam pressure while
steam is being exhausted from the other, substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying drawing.
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol Bank Buildings, Bristol, Chartered Patent Agent.

page_text: Figure 13 is a plan view of one of the drills or bits and its connections, parts
being shown in section; also frictional part of carrying frame;
Figure 14 is a plan view of one of the guide fingers and its connections, parts
being shown in section; also frictional part of carrying frame;
Figure 15 is an enlarged detail view of one of the guide finger tripping
mechanisms and reciprocating standard, parts being shown in section ;
Figure 16 is an end view of one of the guide fingers;
Figure 17 is a side view of a portion of one of said fingers, the extreme end of
the finger being shown in section ;
Figure 18 is a view of the operating end of one of the drills or bits; and
Figure 19 is a side view of the operating end of one of the drills or bits.
In the drawings, 100 represents the main frame of the machine which serves as
the support for the several shafts, tables and auxiliary frames necessarily employed
in the construction of the machine. The main shaft of the machine is shown at 10,
and at one end of this shaft there is mounted a fast pulley 11 and a loose pulley 12,
a driving belt 13 being arranged in connection with said pulleys. In organizing
the machine as at present contemplated, the pulleys 11 and 12 would be 18 inches
in diameter.
In proper position upon the shaft 10 there is mounted a 6 inch gear 14, which
engages a corresponding gear 15 carried by a shaft 16, and in connection with
this gear 15 I arrange a corresponding bevel gear 17, which engages a 24 inch
bevel gear 19 mounted upon a transverse shaft and made integral with or rigidly
connected to a corresponding surface gear 20, which engages a 12 inch gear
wheel 21 carried by a transverse shaft 22.
The shaft 22 also carries a gear wheel 23, such gear wheel being 24 inches in
diameter, and this gear 23 engages a 6 inch gear wheel 24, to the shaft of which
there is secured a crank disk 25. To the wrist pin 26 of the crank disk 25 I
connect a pitman or connecting rod 27, which extends forward and is pivotally
connected to a bed 28 mounted to slide in proper ways formed in the frame 100,
and this bed 28 carries an upwardly-extending standard 29, the purpose of which
will be hereinafter explained.
From the construction above described it will be seen that if the shaft 10 be
driven at the rate of sixty revolutions per minute the shaft 16. will be correspond-
ingly moved, while the shaft which carries the gear wheel 20 will be advanced
fifteen times per minute, the shaft which carries the gear wheels 21. and 23 will
be advanced thirty times per minute, and the crank disc one hundred and twenty
times per minute, thus bringing about one hundred and twenty equal and con-
tinuous reciprocations of the bed 28, and consequently of the standard 29.
The parts above described constitute what I term the first part of the train, the
object of this first part being to impart a continuous and equal reciprocating
motion to the bed 28 and the standard 29.
: .
The second part of the train is driven from the gear 20, which gear engages a
6 inch surface gear 30 that is keyed upon a shaft 31 and made integral with or
rigidly connected to a corresponding bevel gear 32, which engages a similar bevel
gear 33 carried by a longitudinal shaft 34, upon which there is keyed a 6 inch
gear 35 that engages a 24 inch gear 36 keyed to a shaft 37 which carries a
12 inch bevel gear 38 that engages a corresponding gear 39 loosely mounted on a
transverse shaft 40, the connections being such that the gear 39 is revolved thirty
times per minute. This gear 39 carries a disk 41, from the peripheral face of
which there extends a number of detachable projections 42, as many of these
projections being employed as may be deemed advisable, the number depending
upon the character of the work that is to be done.
Above the shaft 40 there is mounted a threaded shaft 43, having a cam
head 44, the form of such cam head being best shown in Figure 8, and the
arrangement being such that as the disk 41 revolves, its projectious 42 will. bear
upon the cam head 44, and the threaded shaft 43 will be advanced step by step,
one hundred and twenty intermittent motions being imparted to such shaft if the

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1891-Accepted, 12th Sept., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Obtaining Reproductions of Carvings
and Sculptures, Natural Patterns, or Casts.
I ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M. & Wm. Clark, of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me by
Robert Morgeneier, of 453 East Fourth Street Winona, in the County of Winona
and State of Minnesota, United States of America, Machinist) and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a machine by means of which the most
elaborate and delicate carvings and sculptures as well as natural patterns or casts
therefrom may be reproduced in unlimited number and at an enormous reduction in
time and cost as compared to hand work and all methods heretofore employed the
machine being so organized that the patterns or models, which may be composed
of any proper material, will sustain no damage during the process of duplication.
To the end above named, the invention consists essentially of a reciprocating
standard, a series of guide fingers, a tripping mechanism arranged in connection
therewith, a series of drills or bits arranged in connection with the guide fingers,
a means for reciprocating the standard, a means for revolving the drills or bits,
holders for the pattern and for the material in which the reproduction is to be
produced, and a means for imparting a corresponding movement to the pattern and
the said material, such movements being practically universal.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the views.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the improved duplicating machine, the movable tables
being removed;
Figure 2 is a right side elevation of the machine, the chucks being shown in
position;
Figure 3 is a front view of the machine, the panel and panel-pattern holders
being shown in position;
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional detail view on line 4-4 of Figure 1 ;
Figure 5 is an enlarged detail view of the clutch carrying table and its movable
supporting tables, the panel and panel pattern holder standards being shown in
section;
•
Figure 6 is a detail view of the table as it appears when the panel and panel-
pattern holders are substituted for the chucks, the binding screws being shown in
section ;
Figure 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view on line 7-7 of Figure 2;
Figure 8 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view on line 8-8 of Figure 3, a
portion only of the machine being shown, and the upper table being represented as
it appears when the chucks are in position;
Figure 9 is a similar view on line 9-9 Figure 3, the panel holder being shown
in position and parts being broken away, a portion only of the machine being
represented in this figure;
Figure 10 is a greatly enlarged view of the ratchet and its connections, parts
being broken away;
...
Figure 11 is a similar view in central vertical section of the panel-pattern
holder;
Figure 12 is a detail view illustrating the connection between the guide fingers
and the drills or bits and the relative position of the reciprocating standard;