IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF ANNEALING KILNS OR OVENS."
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Fincham, of Ravenhead, in the County of
Lancaster, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF ANNEALING KILNS OR OVENS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Fincham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1858.
I, FREDERIC FINCHAM, of Ravenhead, in the County of Lancaster, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING KILNS OR OVENS," to be as follows:-
It is well known that the portion of an annealing kiln or oven above the
sole or floor can be cooled with great rapidity, but the difficulty has been to
cool the sole or floor itself as quickly as the open kiln above it. With this
object flues or. arches have been heretofore employed passing through the
body of sand, which, with open brickwork above forms the sole of the kiln;
through these flues or arches cold air was admitted as and when required to
cool the kiln.
My Invention consists in a mode of conveying cool air through pipes of
earthenware, stoneware, or any other suitable material of any other convenient
shape, the ends of each two adjoining lengths being brought together within a

page_text: length of larger pipe of the same shape or form, so as to allow for any con-
traction or expansion of the inner pipes, but at the same time to prevent the
sand or material used from running into the inner pipe. These pipes to be so
arranged under the whole bottom or sole of the kiln, and embedded in the
sand or other material (under the open brick work,) as to allow the external air
to pass through them freely when required; the ends of the pipes by which the
air is admitted being furnished with slides or shutters to regulate the admission
of the air, and the other ends opening into a shaft or chimney; thus the mass
of sand or other suitable material forming with the open brickwork the sole of
the kiln may be rapidly cooled, while the temperature of the upper part of the
kiln can be reduced by the admission of air through openings in the present
usual and well-known methods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederic Fincham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
FINCHAM, of Ravenhead, in the County of Lancaster, Esquire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederic Fincham, Her special licence that I, the said Frederic Fincham,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederic
Fincham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEALING KILNS OR OVENS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederic Fincham, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Fincham, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
It is well known that the portion of an annealing kiln or oven above the
sole or floor can be cooled with great rapidity, but the difficulty has been to
cool the sole or floor itself as quickly as the open kiln above it. With this
object flues or arches have been heretofore employed passing through the
body of sand, which, with open brickwork above forms the sole of the kiln;
through these flues or arches cold air was admitted as and when required
to cool the kiln.
My Invention consists in a mode of conveying cool air through pipes of-
earthenware, stoneware, or any other suitable material of any other convenient
shape, the ends of each two adjoining lengths being brought together within a
length of larger pipe of the same shape or form, so as to allow for any con-
traction or expansion of the inner pipes, but at the same time to prevent the
sand or material used from running into the inner pipe. These pipes to be so
arranged under the whole bottom or sole of the kiln, and embedded in the
sand or other material (under the open brickwork) as to allow the external
air to pass through them freely when required; the ends of the pipes by
which the air is admitted being furnished with slides or shutters to regulate
the admission of the air, and the other ends opening into a shaft or chimney;
thus the mass of sand or other suitable material forming with the open brick-
work the sole of the kiln may be rapidly cooled, while the temperature of the
upper part of the kiln can be reduced by the admission of air through openings
in the present usual and well-known methods.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a horizontal section of an annealing kiln; Figure 2 is a longi-
tudinal section; Figure 3 is a transverse section; and Figure 4 shows, on a
larger scale, the manner of connecting the parts of a tubular or pipe air flue
of earthenware or other suitable material used in carrying out my Invention.
1, 1, are the fire-places; 2, 2, passages to admit cold air into the pipes or
tubes 3, 3. At the ends of the kilns there are transverse air flues 4, 4, which
connect the air tubes or pipes 3, 3, as shown. 5 is an air shaft; 6 is the
mouth of the kiln; 7 is the bed of the kiln formed of sand placed on the air
pipes or tubes 3, 3, which are each composed of parts or short sections

page_text: combined together by pieces or short lengths of pipes of a larger diameter, as
is shown at Figure 4.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
construction and application of air flues below the sand or beds of annealing.
kilns, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Fincham, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
FREDERIC FINCHAM. (L.S.)