otherwise Treating Hides and Skins.
Year: 1886

page_text: otherwise Treating Hides and Skins.
I, JOSEPH WARREN VAUGHN, of Peabody, Massachusetts, one of the United
States of America, Mechanic do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be, performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
16
My invention relates to that class of machinery which is employed in the
manufacture of leather for performing the work formerly done by hand in
striking out," "putting out," " setting out," and "scouring" morocco, calf, and
other skins and hides to increase their size, remove the fleshings; tanning liquors,
water. etc., and render them smooth and even; also to machinery for unhairing
hides and skins; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of parts
hereinafter described the object being to produce a simpler and more effective
device of this character than is now in ordinary use.
The said invention comprises improvements in the putting-out machine described
in the specification of Letters Patent dated December 12th 1882 N° 5936.
The nature and operation of the improvements will be readily understood. by all
conversant with such matters from the following explanation reference being had
to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved putting-out machine.
Figure 2 is a rear elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is an elevation shewing the right-hand end of the machine.
Figure 4 is an elevation shewing the left-hand end of the same.
Figure 5 is a vertical transverse section taken near the right hand end of the
machine on the dotted line x, x, the auxiliary standard and a part of the mechanisın
supported thereby being shewn. in elevation.
Figure 6 is a diagram shewing a portion of the rack at the left hand end of the
holder and the pinions connected therewith.
Figure 7 is a vertical transverse section of the holder.
Figure 8 is a side elevation shewing a modification of the roll.
Figure 9 is a view designed to shew the arrangement of the flanges of the roll
represented in Figure 8.

page_text: Figure 10 is a diagram shewing a portion of the rack at the right-hand end of
the holder and the pinions connected therewith, and
Figure 11 is a view of the adjusting device.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of
the drawings.
A represents the bed or base of the machine, B B¹ the main standards or ends,
C the auxiliary standard, and D, D the girders by which the standards are
connected near their upper ends.
Disposed horizontally in the upper portion of the standards there is a main
shaft E, carrying the main driving pulley F, fast pulley G, gear wheel H, and
sprocket-wheel I.
A counter-shaft J is mounted in the standards B, C, at the right-hand end of the
machine, said shaft being arranged in parallelism with the shaft E, and carrying
a sprocket-wheel K and gear wheel L, the latter intermeshing with the gear H on
the shaft E.
•
Pivotted on a stud f, at the front of the standard B', is a swinging arm or lug M,
and at the rear of said standard a corresponding arm or lug M²; and pivotted in
like manner on a stud f, at the front of the auxiliary standard C, is a swinging
arm or lug M, and at the rear of said standard a corresponding arm or lug M.
Journalled horizontally on a shaft N in the arms M, at the front of the machine,
is a roll O, one end of said shaft being elongated and provided with a sprocket-
wheel P, which is connected with the sprocket-wheel K, on the counter-shaft J, by
the chain-belt Q; and journalled in a corresponding manner on a shaft S in the
arms M², at the rear of the machine, is a roll R; said last-named shaft being
elongated at one end and provided with a sprocket-wheel T, which is connected
with the sprocket wheel I on the shaft E, by the chain-belt U.
A horizontally arranged shaft V is mounted in the lower ends of the arms M,
and a corresponding shaft W in the lower ends of the arms M², said last-named
shafts respectively extending past the standards B₁ at the left-hand end of the
machine, and the auxiliary standard C near the right-hand end, as shewn in
Figures 1 and 2.
The shaft V is provided at one end with a downwardly and inwardly inclined
arm or lever m, and at the other with a corresponding arm or lever d, said arms
being rigidly connected to said shaft.
The shaft W is also provided at one end with a downwardly and inwardly
inclined arm or lever b, and at the other with a corresponding arm or lever h, said
arins being rigidly connected to said shaft.
The lower ends of the arms m, h at the right hand end of the machine, and also
of the arms d, b at the left hand end of the machine are respectively connected by
rule-joints t.
.
A shaft Y carrying a fast pulley r, loose-pulley g, and pinion a, is journalled
horizontally in the standard B and auxiliary standard C, said pulley r being
connected with the fast pulley. G on the shaft E by the crossed-belt k.
A shaft A is journalled horizontally at the front of the machine, being sup-
ported by brackets S2 on the standards B¹ C, and provided with a pinion C³ at
either end.
A holder D is disposed between the standard B¹ and the auxiliary standard C,
Baid holder being fitted to work vertically in suitable ways on the inner faces of
said standards.
The body of the holder is preferably composed of wood and is slightly wedge-
shaped, being somewhat thicker at its lower than at its upper edge. It is also
provided with a thick inner covering m³ of elastic rubber over which is spread an
outer covering of leather E', the rubber yielding and thereby preventing injury to
the hide or skin when it is.under the action of the rolls O R.
The body of the holder is furnished with end-pieces H² which extend above
it, said end-pieces being each provided at the front with a vertically arranged
rack J.

page_text: Journalled on a stud e, which projects from the standard B¹, at the left-hand
end of the machine, between the pinion C² and rack J' is an intermediate pinion K'
(see Figure 6) which intermeshes with said rack and the pinion C³ at the left-hand
end of the shaft A³.
Journalled horizontally at the right-hand end of the machine, and supported by
the standards B, C, is a shaft T³, carrying near its centre a gear wheel B' which
intermeshes with the pinion a on the shaft Y and at its inner end a pinion 40
which intermeshes with the pinion C on the right hand end of the shaft A³, and
with the rack J at the right-hand end of the holder D³, said pinion on the shaft T²
corresponding in size with the intermediate pinion K' at the other end of said
holder.
•
One object of the intermediate pinion K2 and the pinion 40 on the shaft T, is
to remove the shaft A³ outwardly from the path of the holder D³, and thereby
render it more convenient to manipulate the hide or skin, which sometimes requires
to be kept in position on said holder or adjusted by the hands of the workman
while being operated upon by the rolls O, R.
1
A treadle-shaft L is-journalled horizontally in the lower portion of the
framework of the machine, said shaft being provided at either end with a rigidly
attached horizontally arranged arm N2, and at its centre with a treadle P³.
"
A chain Q2 passes through a sheave R' at the left-hand end of the machine, said
chain being carried upward over pulleys j on the standard B¹, and outward over
the ends of the shafts W, V, one end of said chain being wrapped around and
secured to the shaft W, and its other end wrapped around and secured to the
shaft V.
A corresponding chain Q passes through a sheave R³, and upward over pulleys j
on the auxiliary standard C, said chain being carried outward over the right-hand
ends of the shafts W V, and its respective ends wrapped around and secured. to
said shafts in substantially the same manner as the chain at the left hand end of
the machine.
Each of the sheaves R' is provided at its lower end with a link v, and each of
the arms N' on the treadle rod L' is also provided with a link v, the sheaves being
respectively connected with said arms by means of a rod V' and an adjusting
device Y'.
f
The adjusting device consists of the two hooks a³, and a cylindrical body f
which is drilled longitudinally through its centre, the cylinder being interiorly
threaded at one end with a right and at the other end with a left-hand screw-
thread.
One of the hooks a has a shank which is provided with a right-hand screw-
thread, and the other a shank which is provided with a left-hand screw-thread,
said shanks being screwed into the correspondingly threaded portions of the hole
in the cylindrical body f².
Each of the rods V2 is provided with a hook at either end, the upper hook on
the rod being hooked into the link of the sheave, and the lower hook on the rod
into the upper hook on the adjusting device Y, the lower hook a² on said device
being hooked into the link v of the arm N'.
As the adjusting devices Y' and rods V', at each end of the machine, are
constructed and arranged in substantially the same manner, it is not deemed
essential to describe them more fully.
In the drawings the cylinders f³ are represented as turned to the right or
screwed into the shanks of the books a³ to the fullest extent, but by turning the
cylinders to the left, or off the shanks of their respective hooks, the parts
connecting the sheaves and treadle arms may be lengthened as desired, thereby
to a great extent governing the pressure which may be exerted on the rolls O R
by means of the treadle P
A brake lever F is pivotted to the standard C, and provided with a pad **

page_text: :
A shipping lever G' is pivotted at i to a bracket on the outer face of the
standard B, at the right-hand end of the machine, said lever having pivotted to
its rear end a sliding bar O provided with the pins 18 between which the belt k
passes.
A sliding rod U mounted in suitable supports, has its outer end pivotted at y²
to the lever G2, so that by moving the rod Us longitudinally the lever G³ may be
actuated to ship the belt k from the fast-pulley r to the loose pulley g, and vice
versâ as required.
. The girders D are connected, near their centres by two vertical bars 12; and
pivotted at 13 to. said bars are two, horizontally arranged bars 14, connected at
their outer ends by a cross-rod 15.
Jointed at its upper end to the rod 15 is a vertically arranged bar 16, the lower
end of said bar 16 being jointed at t to the arms m, h, on the right-hand ends of
the rods W, V.
A chain 17 has its upper end hooked at 18 to the upper end of the bar 16, the
lower end of said chain being carried through under a sheave 19 in the standard B,
at the right hand end of the machine, and secured by a clamp 20 to the front
portion or long arm of the lever G³.
A guard-chain 21 is employed to keep the chain 17 from coming into contact
with the gear wheels the upper end of the guard-chain being secured to one of the
girders D and its lower end to the centre of the chain 17.
A yoke or inverted U-shaped loop 22 connects the bars 14, near their free ends,
said yoke being jointed to said bars at 23 and standing in a vertical line with a
lift or clip 25, which is attached to the end-piece H2 at the right-hand end of the
holder D, said lift being adapted to engage said yoke and raise the bars 14 when
the holder is sufficiently elevated.
A handle 25 is rigidly secured to the right-hand end of the rod V, said handle
standing in a vertical position or nearly so when the arms M M are swung
inwardly, as shown in figures 4 and 5, and in a nearly horizontal position when
the rolls O, R are separated to their fullest extent, as shown in Figure 3.
The roll is provided peripherally with a series of spirally arranged flanges 26,
which start from a circumferential line at 27, and pass in the same direction
around it to either end as shown in Figure 1.
The flanges 20 are respectively provided at uniform distances on their rear sides
with a series of short auxiliary flanges 28, which are preferably slightly curved
and stand at an angle of about forty five degrees to the main flanges.
The flanges are constructed of metal, and may be secured to the body of the roll
in any suitable manner, the body being preferably composed of wood...
The roll R is constructed in substantially the same manner as the roll O, but its
main flanges pass around its body in a direction opposite that of the flanges in the
roll O, as shown in Figure 2, that is to say, the flanges 26 on the roll O run
outwardly and downwardly towards either of its ends from the line 27, as viewed
in Figure 1, and the flanges 26 on the roll R, run in like manner as viewed in
Figure 2.
The rolls rotate or turn inwardly, or in opposite directions, being arranged in
parallelism on the same horizontal plane, and run at the same speed.
It will be obvious that the front-roll O is driven by the counter-shaft J and
belt Q, and the rear roll R by the main shaft E and belt U, the gear wheels LH
on said shafts intermeshing and the rolls running in unison.
"
In using the machine the hide or skin 30 to be put out, scoured, or otherwise
operated upon, is first "green-shaved" and properly prepared, and then placed on
the holder D' with its flesh side outward and its fore-shoulders 32 immediately
under the lines 27 of the rolls, the rolls being then in the position shown in
Figures 4 and 5, after which the machine is started and the rolls caused to revolve
inwardly or towards each other, as described.
The shipping rod U2 is then moved to ship the belt onto the fast pulley r,
thereby communicating motion to the shaft A², causing the holder D to pass
:

page_text: upward between the rolls O, R, and submitting the skin or hide to their action
in a manner which will be readily, obvious without a more explicit description.
When the holder has passed upward a sufficient distance to bring all parts of
the hide or skin into contact with the rolls, the lift 24 on the right-hand end of
the holder engages the yoke 22, raising the bars 14, drawing up the bar 16, and
throwing the rolls out of contact with the hide or skin, the arms m, h, which are
jointed to the bar 16, acting to separate the rolls as said bar is elevated.
At the same time the chain 17, is also drawn upward by, the bar 16 to which it
is attached, and operates the shipping lever G to throw the belt k onto the loose
pulley g, thereby stopping the upward movement of the holder and permitting it
to descend to its normal position by force of gravity, the speed of its descent
being governed by the brake-lever F applied by the workman-in-charge to the
fast-pulley, r.
As the holder passes upward between the rolls, the rolls may be brought to bear
on the hide or skin with any required degree of pressure by the foot of the work;
man, applied to the treadle P
The joints of the arms m, h, and also of the companion arms b, d, are so
constructed as to enable said joints to be drawn upward by the bar 16, slightly
above a line drawn horizontally through the centres of the shafts S; N on which
said arms are secured, so that, when said joints have "passed the centre" in their
upward course, the rolls O, R will be kept separated and out of contact with the
hide or skin until the holder has fully descended, after which the rolls may be
brought into their normal position; as shewn in figures 4 and 5, by elevating the
handle 25 and causing the joints t to pass below the shafts W, V.
It will be obvious that by withdrawing the pressure from the treadle and
depressing the handle 25, the rolls may be removed from contact with the hide or
skin whenever desired; also that the traversing movements of the holder may be
governed by the shipping rod U aud brake F
The edges of the flanges on the rolls OR may be angular or rounded in any
degree, or in accordance with the work they are required to perform, and when
rounded may be safely applied to the grain side of the hide or skin.
As the flanges 26 of said rolls all start from a common line 27, the hide or skin
if the
at the part corresponding therewith would not be properly "put out
Banges 26 only, were used, or if the short flanges 28 on the line 27 were arranged
in regular order, and therefore the short flanges at that point are irregularly
arranged, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The short flanges 28 are of the same height as the long flanges 26, and may be
formed integral therewith or separately, as preferred. They are also of such
length as to leave a space between their outer ends and the front of the next
adjoining long flange, thus forming channels 34, for the water or tanning liquors to
pass off and drop to the ground as the rolls revolve.
The long flanges 26 remove the light fleshings from the hide or skin and stretch
it downward, and also diagonally outward, while at the same time the short or
auxiliary flanges 2S stretch it laterally or more nearly in a line with the rolls.
When constructed with angular edges, the flanges readily remove the lighter
fleshy parts of the hide or skin; but they may be so constructed as to render the
machine adapted to green-shave it or remove the heavy or thick fleshings, if
desired.
The shoulder portions 32 of a bide or skin are usually somewhat "baggy" or
full, and in order to perform the work properly it should be "put out" or stretched
in either direction from the shoulders. The line 27, or starting point of the
flanges 26, is therefore placed several inches to the left of the centre of the rolls, in
order to bring it over the shoulders of the hide or skin and enable that portion to
be properly treated.
The rolls O, R, are prevented from coming into actual contact with each other
by stops (not shown) attached to the inner faces of the standard B, C, against
which the arms, M, M strike when in a vertical or nearly vertical position. The

page_text: rolls may also be prevented from coming into contact by the ends of the
shafts W, V striking the sides of the standards B¹, C, or against projections on
said standards.
It will be understood that the speed of the rolls and the pressure placed upon
the same by the treadle, and also the speed at which the holder travels, should be
varied in accordance with the character of the work being done.
The two sides of the holder constitute two inclined tables, on which the hide or
skin rests, a holder of this shape presenting the hide or skin to the rolls to better
advantage, and enabling the rolls to act more effectively, especially at the centre,
than would be possible were the holder of the same thickness throughout, or as
thick at the top as it is at the bottom.
It will also be obvious that as the holder carrying the hide or skin passes
upward between the rolls, the inner surfaces of the rolls, or those portions of the
'same which are in contact with the hide or skin, move downward, or in a direction
opposite to that of the holder, thereby opposing the passage of the holder and skin
between the same, these movements of the holder and rolls, as described, being
essential to the proper performance of the work.
.
The swinging armis M, M³ enable the rolls to yield or separate as the holder
passes between them; but instead of said swinging arms the rolls may be arranged
in any suitable supports and adapted to yield to the passage of the holder by
means of properly disposed springs, without departing from the spirit of my
improvement.
In Figure 8 a roll W is represented in which the long flanges 26 of the rolls
shown in Figures 1 and 2 are broken up into short flanges or sections 45, each of.
said sections being provided at its rear side with one or more auxiliary, flanges 46,
constructed and arranged in substantially the same manner as already described for
the short flanges on the rolls O, R.
The ends of the flanges 45 over-lap each other, but spaces 47 are left between
the overlapped ends to form channels through which the water expressed from the
hide or skin may flow, thereby enabling the water to find its way to the ground
more readily than when the flanges 45 are united to form a continuous flange, as
shown at 26 in Figure 1, this being of especial advantage in treating very wet
hides and skins.
The sections 45 are arranged in long spiral rows which pass around the body of
the roll in substantially the same manner that the flanges 26 pass around the
. roll O; and said rows start from a common circumferential line at 48 in the same
manner that the flanges 26 on the roll O start from the line 27.
The short flanges 46 are of the same height of the flanges 45, and may be formed
integral therewith or inade separately. There is also a space 49 between the outer
ends of the short flanges 46 and the front faces of the flanges 45, which serves as a
channel for the water in substantially the same manner as the channel 34 on the
roll O, the only material difference between the roll O and the roll W; shown in
Figure 8, being that the long spiral flanges 26 of the roll O, are broken up in the
roll Winto sections 45, to form the water channels 47.
In Figures 1 and 2 a whole skin or hide is represented on the holder, the neck
and butt portions being arranged on the top of the same; but when a side, or one
half of a skin or hide, is treated the neck and but, if desired, may be so placed as
to be opposite each other on the holder; or the half skin or hide may be arranged
diagonally on the holder in such a manner that the larger part of the neck portion
and shoulders will be at the front of the holder and the larger part of the butt
portion at the rear of the holder, or vice versa, this arrangement being preferable
to that in which the neck and butt are placed exactly opposite each other as
described.
The standards B, B1, C are respectively provided with caps N, which are fitted
to be moved vertically and rendered adjustable by the screws 54 and bolts and
slots 55, the shaft J being journalled in the caps on the standards B, C, and the
shaft E in the caps on the standards-B, B, C. These caps perform an important

page_text: function in tightening the belts and also in levelling up the shafting at the top of
the machine.
In Figure 4 one of the boxes 57, in the cap N*, is represented as not in use, but
is sometimes required where it is not. convenient to communicate power to the
shaft E by means of the pulley F, in which case a shaft may be mounted in the
box 57 and other supports, and provided with a gear wheel adapted to intermesh
with a gear wheel which may be placed on the left-hand end of the shaft E, power
being communicated to said last-named shaft through the shaft mounted in said box.
Each of the standards B, B, C, is divided transversely on the line 65 opposite
the girders D, D, the upper section of each standard being secured to the lower
section by twin clamps 75, the clamp pertaining to the upper section of the
standard being bolted thereto at 76, and that to the lower section bolted thereto
at 79, and the sections forced together by the bolts and nuts 80. The sections are
also additionally secured in proper position by bolts 85, which pass transversely
through the same and through the girders D D.
The object in dividing the standards on the line 65 is to enable the upper
portion of the machine to be readily detached from the lower portion without
removing the shafts E J, 'or the pulleys, gear wheels and sprocket-wheels which
said shafts respectively carry, thereby adapting the machine to be handled and
packed with greater convenience. It also enables it to be carried through a com-
paratively low door in a car or van in transporting it from place to place, or moving
it into or out of the building in which it is used, without being taken entirely apart.
The lower girder D is cut and trussed, as shown at 88, to prevent said girder
from interfering with the belt k.
India-rubber cushions or springs 98, are disposed on the bed A, on which the
holder D strikes when dropped as described.
A vertical groove 90 is formed in the outer face of the. standard B¹ at the left-
hand end of the machine; and fitted to work in said groove there is a bolt pr
stud 95, which also serves to connect the arms b d at the joint t of said arms, said
bolt being elongated to enter said groove; the object of the elongated bolt and
groove being to keep the rolls equi-distant from each other, or in proper position
with respect to the holder D* as they swing on the arms M, M²; but instead of the
bolt and groove any other suitable device may be employed in connection with the
arms b, for the same purpose.
"
In the roll shown in Figure 8, each of the main flanges or sections 45 is
represented as provided with two auxiliary flanges 46, but three or more
auxiliary flanges may be used with each main section, or one only, as, preferred.
In addition to "striking out," " putting out," scouring," "setting out" and
"unhairing" hides and skins, the machine is also well adapted for." softening" or
breaking" them before they are "limed," in this respect taking the place of the
stone or mill ordinarily employed for the same purpose.
I do not confine myself to the use of the rolls O, R, W³, as rolls of any suitable
form or construction may be employed in the machine, in accordance with the
nature of the work to be performed. Neither do I confine myself to the use of
two bars 14, as one may be employed if properly adapted to engage the holder D²;
nor to the use of the lift 24 for engaging the yoke 22 on said bar.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
►
First. In a putting-out machine, the combination of the shaft E, provided with
the pulley G, the gear wheel H and the sprocket wheel I; the counter-shaft J,
provided with the gear. wheel L and the sprocket-wheel K; the chain-belts U, Q,
the sprocket-wheels P, T, the yielding rolls O, R, and the swinging arms M, M³,
substantially as described.
Second. In a putting-out machine, the combination of the shaft Y, provided

page_text: :
.
pinion 40; the holder D³, provided with the racks J*; the shaft A², provided with
the pinions C; and the intermediate pinion K, substantially as set forth.
Third. In a putting-out machine, the pivotted bars 14 adapted to be raised by
the holder D', in combination with the chain 17, shipping lever G, bar 0%, and
belt, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. In a putting-out machine, the pivotted bara 14 adapted to be raised by
the holder D', in combination with the chain 17, shipping lever G³, bar O³, belt k,
bar 16, jointed arms m, h, and rolls O, R, substantially as described.
Fifth. In a putting-out machine, the pivotted bars 14, provided with the yoke 22,
in combination with the chain 17, lever G², bar O², belt l, and holder D³, adapted
to engage said yoke as it rises, substantially as specified.
Sixth. In a putting-out machine, the holder D' provided with the lift 24 for
engaging the yoke 22 on the pivotted bars 14, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. In a putting-out machine, the adjusting device Y2, in combination with
the shaft L arm N2, treadle P2, rod V2, sheave R2, chain Q2, pulleys j, j, rods V, W,
and arms M, M for regulating the pressure which may be applied to the rolls O, R,
by the treadle substantially as described.
Eighth. In a putting-out machine, the standards B, B¹, C, having the shaft E
mounted thereon and divided on the line 65, said standards B B¹ being connected
by the clamps 75 to enable the upper portion of the machine to be removed,
substantially as and for the purpose, set forth.
.
Ninth. In a putting-out machine, the caps N* rendered adjustable on the
standards B, B¹ C by the bolts and slots 55 and. screws 54, and provided with
boxes or bearings for the shafting disposed at the top of the machine, in combi-
nation with the shafts E, J, pulley G, gear wheels L, H, sprocket-wheels K, I, aud-
belts U, Q, substantially as described.
Tenth. In a putting-out machine, the standard B₁ provided with the groove 90,
in combination with the elongated bolt or stud 95, jointed arms b, d, arms M, M³,
and rolls O, R for keeping said rolls in proper position with respect to the
holder D, substantially as set forth.
Eleventh. In a putting-out machine, the shaft A' provided with the pinions C³,
and the holder D³ provided with the racks J2, in combination with pinions disposed
between the pinions C³ and said racks and intermeshing therewith, and mechanism
for rotating said.shaft and raising said holder, substantially as described.
Twelfth. In a putting-out machine, the shaft E provided with the pulley G,
gear H and sprocket-wheel I; the shaft.J provided with the gear L and sprocket-
-wheel K; the belts UQ; the swinging arms M, M; the rolls O, R, respectively
provided with the sprocket-wheels P, T, and the holder D' provided with the
racks J2, in combination with mechanism for operating said rolls and holder,
substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. In a putting-out machine, the shaft Y provided with the pulleys r, g
and pinion a; the shaft T2 provided with the gear B³ and pinion 40; the shaft A³
provided with the pinions C2, the holder D³ provided with the racks J'; the
intermediate pinion K2 and a pair of yielding rolls provided with flanges for
scraping or stretching the hide or skin, in combination with mechanism for
operating said rolls, a treadle mechanism or other suitable device for increasing
the pressure of the rolls on the hide or skin, and a shipping device for reversing
the upward movement of the holder, substantially as described.
Fourteenth. In a putting-out machine, the shafts W, V, jointed arm b, d, m, h,
swinging arms M, M2, handle 25, rolls O, R, sprocket-wheels P, T, belts U, Q,
shaft E, provided with the pulley G, gear wheel H and sprocket-wheel I; and
shaft J provided with the gear wheel L and sprocket-wheel K, in combination with
the chain Q, pulleys jj, a treadle or device for increasing the pressure on the rolls,
and a holder adapted to present the hide or skin for the action of the rolls,
substantially as set forth.
Fifteenth. In a putting-out machine, the shafts W, V, handle 25, jointed
arms m; h, b, d, swinging arms M; M², rolls O, R, sprocket-wheels P, T, chain Q,

page_text: pulleys j,j, shaft Y, pulleys ", g, pinion a, shaft T2, gear wheel B³, pinions 40, K²,
shaft A³, holder D' provided with the racks J', a treadle or device for increasing
the pressure of the rolls on the hide or skin, and operative mechanism for the rolls
and holder, substantially as described.
+
Sixteenth. The roller W2 having a series of main flanges or sections 45 provided
with the auxiliary flanges 46, arranged in rows which pass spirally around the
same from the circumferential line 48, to either end of said roll, the ends of said
main flanges being overlapped to form the channels 47, substantially as shown and
described.
Seventeenth. In a putting-out machine, in combination with a suitable holder
for the hide or skin, and with operative mechanism, a roll for scraping, stretching
or putting-out the hide or skin, said roll having a series of flanges arranged spirally
around the body thereof, and starting at a circumferential line or point which is
located between a vertical line drawn through the centre of said roll, and one of
its ends, substantially as shown and described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.