AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC RIVETS OR ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eric Hugo Waldenstrom, of the Broughton
Copper Company, Limited, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC RIVETS OR ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR
DESCRIPTION."
Sealed the 1st January 1869, and dated the 6th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eric Hugo Waldenstrom
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th July 1868.
I, ERIC HUGO WALDENSTROM, of the Broughton Copper Company,
Limited, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING METALLIC RIVETS OR ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR
DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
The improvements are designed for the purpose of manufacturing from
cold bars or rods of metal rivets, small bolt blanks or articles of a
similar description to be employed as fastenings. The arrangement and
construction of the several parts composing the machine may be thus

page_text: described:-The metal rod or coil of wire of which the rivets or other
similar fasteners are to be made is fed into the machine in a heated or
cold state by a peculiar arrangement of apparatus which is constructed
so as to feed different lengths of metal bar according to the length of
rivet under manufacture, and consists in a pair of jaws having a gripping
motion herein-after described, a second backward and forward motion for
feeding being given to the same through the medium of mechanism
actuating the die herein-after mentioned, the lower feeding jaw is fixed
on a slide moving in the direction of the feed, the second or upper jaw
being attached to the end of a vibrating lever, the fulcrum of which is
fixed to upright projections secured to the under slide. The action
required for feeding is obtained from the said slide, which also carries
the die for forming the shank of the rivet, and is transmitted from this
slide by means of a bar which is inserted through the bracket in which
the feeding slide is fitted. On the end of this bar and behind the feeding
slide is an adjustable bracket carrying a small roller, which in moving
backward or forward acts on the vibrating lever carrying the upper feed
jaw in such a manner that when the bar moves forward the roller lifts
up the projecting end of such lever, which has the effect of closing the
jaws, thereby causing them firmly to grasp the rod or bar of metal which
has previously been introduced between them. The gripping action is
effected during the first forward motion of the bar to which the roller
bracket or support is secured; as soon as the grip is complete the said
roller bracket comes into contact with the slide to which the jaws are
secured, so that as the bar moves forward the slide is carried along the
length necessary for the feed required, thus it will be understood that
the motion of the bar must be longer than the longest blanks fed in,
the first part of the forward movement being for effecting a grip on the
metal rod or bar, and its continuation to the end for giving the required
feed; and after the feed is performed the motion bar is drawn back, the
action of which first moves the roller bracket, which acts upon the
vibrating lever so as to release the grip of the jaw, after which a stud
on the bar as it still continues its motion comes into contact with the
slide, and carries the feeding jaws back ready for a new feed. The
vibrating lever actuating the grip of the feeding jaws is provided with
a projecting stud, upon which the end of a long lever rests, and is
pressed against it by means of a spring, and is caused to rise and fall as
the motion bar advances or recedes for the following purpose:-When the
grip of the front jaw is effected for feeding the aforesaid long lever,

page_text: which is connected with a second pair of jaws, is caused through the
medium of the swell on the vibrating lever and an adjustable link as
the roller bracket passes under it to open the said second jaws for the
purpose of allowing the metal rod being fed in easily to pass between
them; but as soon as the feed is complete the action of the motion bar
as it first carries the bowl back, actuating the vibrating lever simul.
taneously relieves the front jaws, and closes through the action of the
loug lever the retaining or second pair of jaws, so as firmly to grip the
bar placed between them by the feed motion after the retaining grip is
effected; the motion bar still receding causes the stud in the under side
of such bar before mentioned to come into contact with the slide, thereby
carrying the feed apparatus back preparatory for a new feed. The
retaining or second gripping motion is employed to prevent the metal
bar fed in being carried back by the feeding slide when receding, thus
accurately ensuring equal lengths of metal to be fed in for the size of
bolt or rivet required. The front of the bracket supporting the feed
motion is provided with a sliding heading block, in which is inserted a
tube for receiving the blank; the termination of the channel through
which the bar of metal is guided into the tube is provided with a cutter,
as also is the entrance to the tube, so that when the heading block
receives a lateral motion by means of a cam its first movement severs
the blank contained within the tube from the continuous length of bar,
which as the movement continues is carried opposite the centre of the
die; during this operation the die for forming the shank has been moved
forward by means of a cam on the driving shaft into position for
receiving the blank, which is effected by an injector actuated by a cam,
also on the driving shaft, which when the blank is opposite the die in
the tube as described becomes expelled by the injector from the heading
block, after which the injector is caused quickly to return so as to allow
the heading block to resume its first position, provision being made in
connection with the injector that will allow a slip if any undue or over
strain should take place during the operation of injecting the blank into
the dic. The injector leaves the blank in the die of a length nearly
equal to the length of shank required upon the rivet or bolt, rather more
than a sufficient length of metal being left projecting from the die for
the formation of the head; after this is effected the die containing the
blank continues its dwell whilst the heading block is returning to its
first position, in which situation a level or slightly nipped or recessed
surface is left opposite the die containing the blank. At this time the

page_text: cam actuating such die moves forward so as to compress the protruding
piece of blank forcibly against the level or recessed cup in the heading
block, effecting by such compression the required head upon the rivet
or bolt under operation. The die now receding is caused to eject the
finished rivet by the following arrangement of mechanism:-The die is
provided with an adjustable "gingle pin" or plunger, which can be
regulated and secured by lock nuts; this plunger against which the shank
end of the rivet is in contact when the die is receding, comes into contact
with a projection fixed to the frame, thus expelling the rivet during the
remaining backward motion of the die, but in order further to ensure
the finished rivet leaving the die a lever is provided, having its fulcrum
secured to the framimg, one end of this lever is acted upon by an incline
upon the slide of the die just as such slide is completing its throw,
which causes the opposite end of the lever from the incline to advance
towards the rivet leaving the die, so as to force it sideways when the
expeller has finished its work, the said lever being employed for the
purpose of ensuring the certain dropping of the finished rivet, thereby
preventing any impediment arising that would interfere with the con-
tinuous action of the machine whilst the rivets are under manufacture.
From the foregoing arrangement it will be seen that a solid die is
used, and that by contracting the bore of such die the end of the rivet
may be pointed, or any other shape or form required may be given to the
rivet or bolt blank.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Eric Hugo Waldenstrom in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 6th January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERIC
HUGO WALDENSTÖM, of the Broughton Copper Company, Limited,
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, Her special license
that I, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, my exccutors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Iuvention for "AN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM TO BE EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING RIVETS OR
ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say :-
My Invention relates to the machinery employed in the manufacturing
of rivets, small bolts, screw blanks, and articles of a similar description,
wherein the said rivets or other articles are formed from a coil or a
continuous length of wire or from rods of metal, the aforesaid improved
arrangement of mechanism being as follows:-The metallic rod or the
coil of wire from which the rivets or other similar articles are to be
forined is supplied to the machine either heated or not, as may be
advisable, and is fed into the machine by a pair of gripping jaws, which
have an intermittent to-and-fro motion derived from the main slide or
the slide carrying the main die, a second pair of jaws being employed to
hold the rod during the backward motion of the jaws first named. The
feeding jaws are fitted to a carriage which is mounted in slides, and is
moved to and fro at intervals by a bar connected to the main slide, and
the upper jaw is hinged to one end of a lever, the other end of the lever
being acted upon by a bowl, stud, or projection carried by the aforesaid
bar when the jaws are required to grip the rod. The holding jaws
consist of a fixed jaw and of a moveable jaw, which is pressed towards
the fixed jaw by a spring or other suitable appliance in order to hold
the rod and is moved therefrom to allow the said rod to be fed to the

page_text: -cutting dies by means of a lever acted upon by the lever connected to
the upper feeding jaws. During the backward stroke of the die slide a
regulated length of the rod is fed into a tube or ferrule in the heading
and shearing block or slide, and a sliding motion at right angles to the
rod being imparted to the said block a length of wire sufficient to form
a rivet is severed from the rod, the said block and the surface against
which it slides being fitted with suitable shearing dies or plates. This
said movement of the shearing block brings the severed blanks opposite
to the aperture in the die carried by the main slide, into which aperture
the said blank is thrust or injected by a pusher bar or injector, which
enters the ferrule in the shearing block. After the said injector has been
withdrawn from the said ferrule the shearing block moves back into its
former position, in which position a heading die carried by the said block
is opposite to the blank, and as the main slide is making its forward
movement the blank is pressed against the said die, and a head is formed
upon the blank, the length of the shank of the rivet and the length of
the blank left projecting from the aperture to form the head, being
determined by an adjustable plunger or jingle pin which is fitted in a
central aperture in the main slide, and against the cud of which the
blank is forced during the formation of the head. On the main slide
making its backward movement the end of the said jingle pin, the
opposite of the one first mentioned, comes into contact with a fixed stop
and its movement is arrested, the main slide continuing its movement
until the finished rivet is ejected from the die, the said ejection being
further ensured by the action of a lever or bar, which is caused to strike
off the rivet at the proper time.
In order that the said Invention may be fully understood I have
annexed hereunto two Sheets of Drawings, having letters of reference
marked thereupon, similar letters indicating corresponding parts in the
various Figures.
Referring to Sheet 1 of the said Drawings, Fig. 1 is an elevation of
the improved rivet-making machine, and Fig. 2 a plan thereof, partly in
section, the two views being drawn about one-quarter of the full size.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 3 is an elevation, and Fig. 4 a plan of a portion of the
apparatus; Fig. 5 is an end view of the same; Fig. 6 is an elevation of
the heading and shearing block or slide taken at right angles to Fig. 3;
and Fig 7 is an end view of the feeding jaws, represented as detached

page_text: from the carriage in which they are fitted, the several Figures being
drawn about the full size.
In Sheet 1 a, a, are fast and loose pullies; b is a fly wheel, and c is
a driving pinion revolving upon a stud fixed to the framing of the
machine and gearing with the spur wheel d fixed to the shaft e, which
revolves in a bearing formed in the framing, and on which is fixed or
formed the cams and "wipers" which give motion to the various parts
of the machine. The cam f is suitably formed to give the necessary
to-and-fro motion to the main slide g, and operates upon the bowl h to
give the forward motion, and upon the bowl h² to give the backward
motion to the said slide, the said cam being by preference so formed as
to cause a slight dwell of the said slide during the time of injection of
the blank. The cam or wiper i gives motion to the lever through the
rod is, the lever being connected to the injector rod j, the return
motion of the said injector rod being derived from the action of the spiral
spring on the rod i³. The wipers and affixed to the spur wheel d
impart the sliding motion to the heading and shearing block through
the lever, which is fitted with a bowl upon which the wipers operate
the bell-crank lever k, and the rods and ko, the latter of which is
jointed or attached to the block l.
The feeding apparatus is actuated by the sliding bar m connected to
the slide g, the action of this portion of the apparatus being shewn more
clearly in Sheet 2, to which I will now refer.
In Figs. 3, 4, and 5, m is the aforesaid sliding bar, on which is
mounted the block m³, the position of which is regulated by the screw m³,
the said block carrying a bowl m', which operates upon the lever n, the
said lever being jointed to the carriage o at n*. To the carriage o are
fitted the two feeding jaws p and p, which are formed with alternate
cross grooves and ribs, the ribs of one jaw fitting into the grooves in the
other jaw in order that they may be able to accomodate themselves to
various thicknesses of rod or wire, the faces of the said ribs being suitably
formed to grip the rod, as shewn at Fig. 7. The upper jaw p is jointed
to the piece n³ fitted in the short end of the lever n, and can be raised
or lowered to suit the varying dimensions of the rods, or to adjust the
amount of grip thereon by turning the screw n* mounted on the shank
of n³, and screwed into the lever. The holding jaws r,, are similarly
formed as respects their faces to the feeding jaws, and the moveable
jaw is formed as a lever, the fulcrum of which is at, the opposite

page_text: end of the said lever being jointed to the bolt 8, which passes through
a hole in the lever &, and is fitted with adjusting and lock nuts, the
springforcing the upper jawr upon the rod at such times as the said
rod is required to be held. The shearing and heading block is fitted
with suitable shearing dies u, u, and with a heading die t, as shewn
more clearly in Fig. 6, and the orifice in the said block is fitted with a
ferrule u², the said dies and ferrule being capable of being changed when
required to suit the varying dimensions of the rods or wire. The injector
rod is shewn at j, and is connected by means of the shackle to the
lever, the portion of the said rod which enters the shearing block being
by preference capable of being changed for one of a greater or a lesser
diameter when required. The end of the main slide is shewn at g, and
is fitted with the die g, which is suitably formed to give the required
shape to the shank and the under side of the head of the rivet or other
article, and is capable of being changed as in the case of the other dies
before referred to. The end of the jingle pin which receives the thrust
of the shank of the rivet during the process of heading is shewn at v, the
said pin being screwed and fitted with nuts, which are adjusted to suit
the length of rivet required as shewn in Fig. 2.
The operation of forming a rivet from wire may be described as
follows: The wire from which the rivets are to be formed is led from
a reel, and passed between the feeding and holding jaws, and supposing
the machine to be in action, and the main slide g just commencing its
backward stroke, the sliding bar m will move to the right hand, and the
block m³ moving therewith the bowl m' will raise the long end of the
lever n, and thereby depress the jaw p, and cause the same to grip
the wire, and the further movement of the sliding bar will bring the
block m into contact with the carriage o, and the said carriage together
with the feeding jaw and the wire will be carried forward for the
remainder of the stroke of the sliding bar, the position of the block m²
as adjusted by the screw m³ determining the length of wire fed forward
for each rivet. The lever n when rising as aforesaid also raises the
lever by means of the stud w, thereby raising the upper holding jaw
to allow the end of the wire to be fed into the ferrule in the shearing
block, as shewn in Fig. 4, and on the backward stroke being completed
the wiper k acts on the lever k³, and through the rod ³, lever k',
and link on the block 1, moving the said block in the direction of the
arrow, the said movement shearing or severing a piece from the wire,

page_text: and carrying the same into line with the centre of the die g². On the
slide coming to rest the wiper i will act on the rod, and through the
lever will impart a quick motion towards the right to the injector
rod j, and the end of the injector rod entering the ferrule u will inject
the blank into the die g. After the said injector has been quickly with-
drawn from the ferrule by the action of the spring on the rod ³ the
wiper will act on the lever k³, and the block / will be moved back into
the position shewn in Fig. 4, this movement bringing the heading die *
opposite to the blank, the said die being suitably formed to impart
shape to the head of the
As the
comes
in conjunction with the die g³ the required
rivet, and as the main slide g completes its stroke the end of the blank
projecting from the die g is pressed against the die tand a head is
formed on the blank, thus completing the formation of the rivet.
slide g makes the backward stroke the end of the jingle pin
into contact with a stationery piece x which projects into a slot in
the slide g, and as the motion of the said pin is arrested whilst the
slide g continues its backward motion the rivet is ejected from the die.
The lever is mounted on a stud attached to the slide g and is sustained
by a stud or bowl attached to the lever resting in a groove in the piece y,
the said groove being curved downwards at the end so as to allow the
lever to drop slightly at about the time when the rivet is being ejected,
and the end of the lever will strike off the rivet in the event of its not
having previously fallen. During the previously described forward
stroke of the slide g the block m² by moving to the left will allow the
lever n to fall and the jaw p will rise from the wire at the same time
that the holding jaw is lowered thereon, and the movement of the bar m
continuing the pin z comes into contact with the carriage o and moves
it to the left hand, after which the operations herein above described will
be repeated. The injector rod is caused to make its acting stroke by the
frictional contact of the piece, in Fig. 3, in order that in the event of
any impediment to the said stroke the rod will slip in the shackle to
avoid a breakage of any portion of the machine. If desired the rod or
wire from which the rivets are to be formed may be fed by hand, the
length of the portion severed being regulated by moving the said rod
up to a fixed stop, as is usual, the feeding apparatus herein described
and illustrated in the Drawings being in such case dispensed with. This
method of operating may be found to be desirable when "working up"
heated rods.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
means for carrying the same into practical effect, I will proceed to
define the extent of novelty in the said Invention to the best of my
knowledge and belief, and therefore wish it to be understood that I
claim,―
First. Imparting a double or to-and-fro motion to the shearing and
heading block during the advance of the main die for the purposes
herein-before described.
Secondly. Forming the heading and shearing blocks in one piece, and
carrying the severed blank in an orifice formed in the solid metal of the
said block, or in a ferrule inserted therein, substantially in manner as
herein-before described and as illustrated in the attached Drawings.
Thirdly. Injecting the blank or the portion severed from the rod or
wire into the main die, in manner as herein-before described and illus-
trated in the attached Drawings, or in any other suitable and similar
manner.
Fourthly. The arrangement of feeding and holding apparatus, and
the method of actuating the same from the main slide, substantially as
herein-before described, and as illustrated in the attached Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed by the said Eric
Hugo Waldenström, in the pre-
sence of,
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
Manchester.
And 6, Windsor Terrace, City Road, N.