IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE. COWHOUSE. AND HARNESS-ROOM FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER DOSTO
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Musgrave, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE. COWHOUSE. AND
HARNESS-ROOM FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
DOSTO "
Sealed the 17th March 1868, and dated the 25th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Musgrave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1867.
I, JAMES MUSGRAVE, of Belfast, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLE, COWHOUSE, AND HARNESS-ROOM
FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:
My Invention has reference in part to improvements upon an Invention for
similar purposes for which I obtained Letters Patent, No. 1711, dated 29th
July 1858, and consists,-
Firstly. Of an improved method of fitting a loose box horse stall so as to
form two open stalls at pleasure. Against one wall of the loose box I fasten
an iron plate which supports two of my improved mangers, hereafter
described; to the front edge of this plate I hinge a gate of the form of a stall
division; the pillar I make portable to fasten into a socket let into the

page_text: ground. When two stall are required the pillar is placed in position and the
hinged division fastened to it, but when a loose box is required the pillar is
lifted away and the division turned back against one of the mangers. Instead
of the ball on the top of the pillar or ordinary heel post I fit to the pillar a
turning harness bracket formed of a tube, or two half tubes rivetted together,
with a bracket projecting from one side; the tube rests on a moulding or seat
cast on the pillar and turns freely if struck by the borse. In constructing
fixed divisions for stalls or loose boxes in order to enable the woodwork to be
replaced without disturbing the ironwork I omit all or part of one of the two
ribs usually cast on the cillor middle rail to form a groove for the wood, and
instead thereof fit a loose rib in pieces about 18 inches long with pins on the
lower edge which drop into holes in the cill or middle rail; each piece is
screwed to the side of the woodwork. Where stables are too narrow to give
sufficient length for the stall I make the division hollow by means of an iron
plate rivetted to each side of a flange cast on the upper side of cill and lower
side of middle rail; opposite the end of this hollow in the division I leave a
slit in the heel post to enable a wood or iron door to be pushed in or pulled
out to lengthen the division; the pillar is made in two halves rivetted together,
and has a roller inserted in the base upon the top of which the sliding door
travels.
One of the most frequent causes of injury to horses arises from the openwork
(used in the upper part of the division between the horses), permitting them
to see each other. My Invention effectually remedies this by substituting for
all or part of the openwork plates of thin iron with the design of the open-
work panels half thickness rivetted on each side to match the rest of the work,
or I cast panels exactly to match the other openwork, but with a thin
diaphragm in the centre of the thickness of each open so as to form close
panels with a raised pattern on each side, and where the panels meet I make
a sloping joint.
The following are my improvements upon the manger fittings, consisting of
manger, water pot, and hay rack fitted to a top plate extending the whole
breadth of the stall. The manger I make oblong without the least projection
at back or front, but at each end I let the top plate project two or thee inches
over the manger; these projections are perforated with narrow slits and
prevent the horse from throwing out his foot while they are not in the way to 3
be caught by his head gear; where even this projection is objectionable I
make the top plate flush with the inside of manger all round, and let the walls
or sides of the latter overhang towards the inside, so that any food tossed
bout by the horse falls back again. The manger can be made fixed by

page_text: means of flangs to screw below the top plate, but I prefer to make it turn
on a centre for emptying, and instead of lifting the front and emptying it
backwards, as I have hitherto done, I reverse the action and tilt it to the
front; for this purpose I cast the part of the top plate over the back and ends
of the manger in one piece with the manger (with or without the end pro-
jections), having also a centre for hinge at each end; behind this back rim
I attach a latch to fasten it when closed; the remaining part of rin I cast in a
piece with the front of top plate and form a groove at each end for the centres
to turn in. The back of manger has a hole under the rim which serves both
as an overflow and a handle. The water pot is similar in construction without
any internal projection; if it is made to tilt backwards I fasten it when at
rest by means of a latch attached to the front of top plate. Beneath the
manger and water pot I place an iron chamber something of the section of
an Uto receive the waste water from both, with a waste pipe so placed as to be
in the centre of stall. This chamber is supported on one end by a shoe screwed
to stall division, and at the other by a bracket screwed to the wall and forming
a division between the chamber and hay rack; where the chamber is not
required for waste water I omit the back of it; the space left between the
end of chamber and the other stall division I fit in front with bent rails to
form a low hay rack, the front of the rails being in a line with and exactly of
the same curve as the chamber. The top of each rail is forked to avoid any
projection either to front or inside of hay rack; or instead of railing I fit a
curved plate screwed to the centre bracket at one side and resting in a shoe
screwed to stall division at the other, and having open spaces to suit for hay
rack. Where the hay rack is required above the top plate I use the curved
plate last named with simply one hole in front fitted with a loose cover, this
forms a chamber for hay seed, and the hole in top plate I fill in with a per-
forated plate rising up in the corner with an ogee curve, but not touching the
wall except at the point. The front of the raised rack is made of vertical
rails, the ends of the top rail being fastened to the sheeting by two loose shoes.
The chamber below the manger top I sometimes make in one length, each
end resting in a shoe screwed to stall division, and in section of the form of a
low hay rack; inside I fit two division plates, separating the part below the
manger and waste pot from that for the hay. The portion of the chamber
devoted to the latter I perforate with slits in the bottom and an oblong hole
in front, which I fit with a frame containing vertical rails, each of which forks
back at the top and is attached to the inner side of top plate, as already
described. For the loose boxes I use a top plate extending across one end, and
containing manger, water pot, and two hay racks, with a "safety chamber"

page_text: beneath, according to any of the foregoing arrangements. The front of the
racks are of straight vertical railing resting in the wall at one side, and at the
other in one of two vertical plates resting on the manger top, to support my
safety swing guard which works in centres placed above the top of division
plates, the whole forming a straight line of railing without any projection to
injure the horse. I can also attach the manger, pot, and rack to a top plate
and safety chamber of angular form to suit the corner of loose box, but I prefer
to make the hay rack, water pot, and manger separately, with suitable safety
chambers to each for placing in distinct corners of the loose box.
In constructing the loose box door I employ an improved form of latch to
prevent the horse opening it with his mouth, consisting of a round bar of
metal running in a mortise in the centre of the thickness either of the solid
or openwork portion of door. The bar has a projecting pin or hook on
one side and a handle at right angles to the pin; in closing the bolt the
handle is lifted, which brings the pin opposite a slit which it passes through,
and when the handle falls the piu prevents the bolt passing back. When the
door is formed of vertical rails I employ a flat bar running in a slit in three of
the rails, and having simply two holes for a handle. On the bottom edge I
form a bevilled projection which passes through one of the slits and prevente
the bolt returning till lifted by the hand. Opposite the bevil there is a pin
which catches in a groove in the vertical rail and prevents the horse opening it.
I improve the sliding hay grid by putting a hinge on each side, where it
slides on the vertical rails. My improvements in the method of tying the
horse are as follows:-To the wall in front of each stall I fix a metal plate
faced with glazed earthenware, having in relief the form of a ribbon or other
device, with a space on which to paint the horse's name or to receive a loose
name plate. The metal plate comes through the centre of the porcelain and into
that
part I screw a ring or a flat knob of mushroom shape to receive the rack
chain; also on the face of each stall pillar or on the top of each stall division
I place a similar knob for the pillar chain. Where earthenware is unsuitable
for the name plate I make an iron frame of similar device, which is fixed to
the wall, and to the face of the frame I fix a moveable plate, upon which the
name can be painted. The pillar and rack chains I make with a plain oval
link at the one end which slips edgewise over the mushroom knob and at the
other end a spring hook composed of an eye with two arms of steel in the
shape of a V, the points of which are made as springs and returned round
towards the eye till they meet in the centre, or I make it in the form of an
oval link, one side of which has part stiff and the other end is a spring turned
round to touch it. For the manger tying I use a frame of iron having a cup

page_text: of dovetail section, in which I insert a bushing of porcelain, wood, or metal
with round or oblong hole. The porcelain is convex towards the hole, and the
frame is attached to the front moulding of manger top by a hinge or screws;
at the wall opposite this frame I attach an open iron cover for the sinker of
D section divided in height about the middle, the upper part being fitted with
a horizontal buffer plate and bearings for a porcelain roller and fixed perma-
nently to the wall, the lower half is loose for the removal of the sinker, bevilled
at the top so as to slip like a telescope inside the upper half; this fastens it at
top, while the bottom half is fastened by dropping into a shoe below or by a
button catching into a flush plate in wall. The tying works through the front
bushing and over the back roller terminating in a sinker ; it consists partly of
a chain and partly of leather, at one end of the chain is the spring hook
already described, and at the other a triangle of iron which is fastened to the
last link of the chain by a rivet like an ordinary swivel, the other face is
thick and has the leather strap passed round it and attached by sewing; but
when a round leather tying is used I fit a pear-shaped wedge to the triangle
and sew the upper end of the leather to the wedge.
Another arrangement is to use a straight bit of iron instead of the triangle,
with a hole in it for a nut, the last link of the chain ends in a screw and nut,
the point of the screw passes through the strap about two inches from the
end, then through the iron and into the nut, the end of the strap being
brought round the iron and fastened to the other portion of strap by two
copper rivets; the bottom of the leather is flat, and has a sinker of wood or
metal with a vertical hole entering in the centre at top, and passing out at an
obtuse angle at back, so as to keep the point of the strap from touching the
ground. Opposite the face of the strap I fit a countersunk metal thumbscrew
with a sharp point to bite into the leather, or if a flat point I punch holes in
the leather and let the screw pass through it. The head of the thumbscrew is
fluted to give a good hold for the fingers.
Another arrangement is to make the sinker long, having a check round-the
middle for a leather or gutta percha band with a hole for the strap straight
down through the centre for two-thirds the length, and then bending sharply
out at the back. In the bottom of the ball at a right angle to the strap I fit
a bell-metal screw ginch diameter with a T head, which works inside a
deep cut in the bottom of the ball. The face of the screw is cupped to make a
slight print in the strap when screwed home. Sometimes I dispense with
the hinged frame for the front and insert the porcelain bushing directly into
the front moulding of the manger top, or into the shoe which supports the
manger at each end. The loose box tying is the same as that for stall

page_text: manger, except that the bushing is placed in a bracket above the top of the
telescopic sinker cover, and the strap works directly through it, dispensing
with the roller.
My improvements in the surface drainage are, firstly, a drain suitable for
cowhouses as well as stables, consisting of a plain open gutter in iron, stone,
or brick, with a margin on each side sloping slightly upwards, fitted with a
solid sliding cover in nine inch lengths roughed on the surface with a rib
along each side of the under surface to fit inside the edges of the gutter, and
four or five grooves cut out of each side to allow the urine to escape into
the gutter.
Secondly. A shallow gutter which can be used with or without a cover
having sloping sides and an angular groove on each side to receive a sliding
cover when necessary; the cover is in short lengths curved on the top in cross
section with two angular ribs cast along the under side to fit the grooves in
gutter. There are perforations through the top for the escape of urine and a
projection crosswise between each perforation.
Thirdly. A deep gutter of iron with vertical sides, square corners, and
curved bottom. The cover is in 9-inch lengths with the surface hollow
along each side and high in the middle, the only perforation being slits at
intervals; across the hollow portions there is a projection or roughing between
each slit. The under side is of an arch form with feet cast crosswise at
intervals on each side, and between each foot a rib for strength sloping
quickly from the top edge towards the centre, so that any urine that enters
between the edge of the gutter and cover cannot lodge. The edges of the
feet rest in the square corners of gutter and when a length of the cover
is pushed along the feet clear away any obstruction that may gather in the
corners; or instead of the feet I make the sides of cover the full depth of
gutter corrugated across and partly up the sides. The stench trap I make of a
square or circular dish similar in section to either of the three gutters already
described. The loose covers have edges similar to the sides of gutter cover.
In one or all sides of the dish I form an improved junction to connect it
with the gutter. In the centre of the dish is a round hole large enough to
admit a man's hand, having a tube 4 or 5 inches long which passes
through the cover of the trap beneath into water for the purpose of sealing it
against return smell on the usual principle; the hole is covered with a thick
flange of mushroom shape, the stem having 4 flanges to keep it in the centre
of the opening; the under side of the flange has feet, and the surface is either
solid or pierced. The intercepting part of the trap is a round vertical
chamber with a cover and broad horizontal outlet pipe cast in one piece; the

page_text: outlet is curved downward to fit into a slit or pipe or terminates in a tube
mouth to connect with a branch pipe.
My improvements in ventilation are also applicable to schools and other
apartments, and consists of an inlet ventilator for fresh air and outlet one
for foul air. The inlet one is formed of a deep oblong frame fitted with a
valvular front opening inwards at top for building flush with the surface of
the wall; the front is a plate of iron or wood, or an iron sash to receive glass
hinged to the frame at the bottom, so as to open at the top to any required
angle. The open space at each end is closed by a plate attached to and moving
with the front; at one end I attach to the under side of the top of the frame
a hollow bracket curved to a quarter circle; over this bracket I pass a cord,
one end of which is fastened to the top of the hinged front, and the other
passes down at an obtuse angle through a counterpoise weight sliding inside
the ventilator on a vertical rod with a stop at top to prevent the front
opening too far, thence through a hole formed between the hinge and the
frame, and down till it can be caught by a man's hand; it then returns upwards,
and the free end is attached outside to the top of the hinged front so that
pulling one cord opens the ventilator to any degree, and the other closes it.
Where the hanging cord for opening is objectionable I place the centres
upon which the front moves back inside the 'frame so far as to cause the
front to incline forward. On the wall below the ventilator I fix an oblong
plate with a vertical slit of the length which the ventilator opens at top, in
which slide two pius projecting from the back of a hollow weight sufficient
to counterpoise the hinged front. To the centre of the frame at top I fix a
roller (or a fixed curved bracket), opposite which I attach a chain to the
hinged front, which passes over the roller, down through a hole in the bottom
of hinged front, and fasten it to the sliding counterpoise which then forms a
handle by which the ventilator can be opened or closed. Where it is desired
to make the ventilator to screw to wood I make the frame of angle iron
section at top, the edge sloping down to the level of frame at bottom, and
attach the chain and sliding counterpoise either at the centre or at one side.
The bottom edge of the front has a round bead working in a hollow in frame,
and the chain from counterpoise passes between the two. The outlet
ventilator is placed in the ceiling close to the wall or in the wall behind the
horse close to the ceiling; this outlet ventilator when placed in the ceiling
consists of an iron frame fixed to the under side of a hole in ceiling, with
openwork for the exit of the air, covered by a hinged flap having a cord
attached to the upper side which passes up over a roller or curved bracket
descending through the ceiling and attached to a sliding counterpoise as

page_text: already described. The outlet ventilator for the wall is on the same plan,
but placed vertically, the frame overhanging at the top outwards to cause
the flap to open of its own weight; the cord passes out in front over the
roller thence down to the sliding counterpoise.
The second part of my Invention refers to improvements in cowhouse
fittings, which, like those for stables, consist of stall division, manger, or
trough, hay rack, and tying apparatus of modified forms. The stall divisions
are cast in one piece, and for double stalls are placed about 7 feet apart;
between each division I fix an iron trough near the ground, and the full
length of the stable; I make the back very high, and with (or without) an
offset behind. Above the trough I suspend a vertical iron rack or sheet iron
head plate swinging from a horizontal rail resting in each division, and con-
trolled at the bottom by a chain passing through the back of the trough. To
each head plate I attach a frame for a moveable name plate. The turnips
are put into the trough through the space between the head plate and the
back of trough (the swing rack being substituted for the solid plate when
fodder is used); or I keep the top of the rack lower and more sloped to the
back, and fill the trough with solid food over the top. I improve the form
of the stall division, and cut away a part at the back to allow the food to be
emptied into the trough from the truck as it passes along. The bottom edge
I cast partly sloped to insure a proper fall in the floor of stall, and beneath
each pillar I fit a hollow iron base block instead of stone.
My improvement in the tying consists in using three or more vertical rods
for the sliding cow chain, each with a button top; this enables the same stall
to suit either long or short animals. Each rod passes through a conical hole
at top and bottom of the opening in division plate; a slit is left above
each of the former and beneath each of the latter to enable the rod to be
lifted out, and a hanging latch or plate made in one or two pieces hinged to
the stall division on one side or both, which covers or fills up the opening
above the end of each rod and fastens them; or I use only two of these rods
fitted into a reversible loose plate inserted in the stall division, which turned one
way suits a short cow and the other a long one. I place a water trough with
hinged cover in the centre of and resting with pivots on bearings cast on the
feeding trough; the back of the former passes through a hole in the back of
feeding trough, and can be tilted up to empty the waste into a drain in feeding
passage; or I employ a fixed water trough of similar form with any ordinary
plug in the part projecting into the feeding passage. I also fix a dwarf
division in centre of each trough with a horizontal bar from the front edge,
the head bent down and fastened to floor. I supply the water to each trough

page_text: by means of a horizontal tube with branches and valves; or in the case of the
fixed water troughs I cast inlet and outlet flanges on each to receive con-
necting pieces of iron gutter, which enables a range of troughs to be watered
from one tap.
My improvement in the drain consists in employing an open channel of
iron, brick, or stone, with a branch to each bull's stand, this channel being
covered with short lengths of loose iron plates solid on the top, but with side
apertures to receive drainage, as already described for stables.
The last part of my Invention refers to improvements in harness room fittings,
and consists, first, in attaching below the ceiling a bar of T-iron by means of
brackets which clip one edge. The broad flange of the T is downwards, and
forms a bearing to receive the rollers of a runner or carriage; from the lower
part of this carriage depends a long rod, to which can be attached my
improved travelling bracket to receive saddles and harness for cleaning. The
same can also be used in stables and cowsheds for suspending lamps and
other requisites.
My improved travelling bracket is composed of a double bracket of a form
to hold two saddles back to back, as well as for such portions of harness as
are liable to get out of shape in cleaning. The lower joint of the hanging
rod is attached to the centre of the horse by a swivel joint.
My Invention includes an improved form of collar bracket and harness
bridle bracket made double for the travelling bracket already described, as
well as single for screwing to the wall. The collar bracket I make curved on
top with five half-round arms attached to a narrow rim at front and back, the
back rim having a right angle flange behind when made for screwing to the
wall. The top arm is also made with a deep hollow to keep the collar in its
place. The bridle bracket I make circular on the top with five arins attached
to a rim and flange behind, but the front is attached to a thin metal plate in
the form of a quarter globe in the portions cut away for admission of air; both
of these are arranged for each bracket to be cast in one piece with the bearing
parts capped with polished wood, and in cross section would appear as half-
round bars with spaces for air between.
I also make improved brackets of the same external form as the above (as
well as others already registered by me in the Designs Office) entirely of iron,
in a manner that will retain most of the advantages of the wood capped
brackets, by making casting patterns (to cast each in one piece) similar
externally, but hollow inside, and reduced to a substance of about th inch in
thickness, so as to be light, yet strong and cheap.
In constructing the metre for checking the corn supplied to the horse I

page_text: insert a box flush in the wall divided internally in the centre; each half
contains any required quantity, and has a hole at the top of front plate in
connection with a tube from the bin for admitting corn to the metre, and one
at bottom for emptying the same, two flat pieces with corresponding holes
worked behind the front plate, each having a pin standing out which slides
vertically through a slit in front plate. A vibrating lever arm is mounted
outside, which acts on both pins, so that each time the end is pressed down
one chamber fills with oats and the other is emptied, and vice versa. The
spindle can be connected with the unit wheel of an indicator on the same
principle-as a common gas meter, and a hasp with lock is fitted on the front
plate, by which the lever arm can be secured when not in use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Musgrave in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JAMES
MUSGRAVE, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
ine, the said James Musgrave, Her special licence that I, the said James
Musgrave, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said James Musgrave, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STABLE, COWHOUSE, AND HARNESS-ROOM FITTINGS, PARTS OF
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Musgrave, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Musgrave, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention has reference in part to improvements upon an Invention for
similar purposes for which I obtained Letters Patent, No. 1711, dated
July 29th, 1858.
The first part of my Invention consists of improvements in stable fittings,
which are shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of parts of my improved moveable stall division for a
loose box to enable the latter to be turned into two open stalls at pleasure.
Against one wall of the loose box I fasten an iron plate A which supports the
ends of two of my improved mangers hereafter described; to the front edge
of this plate I attach a gate B of the form of a stall division. The pillar C
I make portable to fasten into a socket D let into the ground which has a
cover to close the opening when the pillar is removed. When two stalls are
required the pillar is placed in the socket D and the division B fastened to it
by means of two eyes E passing through two holes in the flange of the pillar
and secured by drop pins or nuts, as shewn also by section, but when a loose
box is required the pillar C is lifted away and the division turned back against
one of the mangers. Where it is desirable to remove the division B altogether
I make the pin of each hinge loose to slide up in a groove F and thus release
the division, the pin having a button head to prevent the horse lifting it out.
The division itself I suspend from the ceiling by means of two of my travelling
carriages G hereafter described; from these depend two rods with improved
hooks H, which receive the chains I.attached to the upper edge of the division.
Thus when the two hinges are released the division swings free, and can be
pushed close to the wall of the loose box or lifted off the hooks H and taken
away. The hooks H are like common spring hooks, except that instead of
the spring the end of the moveable side is lengthened and passes through a
mortise in the shank. When closed, the loose collar J drops over the upper
end and prevents the hook being opened. The action is shewn by dotted
lines.
Fig. 2 shews an elevation, with some portions partly removed and some
parts in section of my improved stall division for stables that are too narrow to
give sufficient length for a full-size division between the horses. I make the
divisions hollow by means of iron plates K rivetted to each side of a flange
cast on the upper side of the sill M and lower side of middle rail L, in the
manner shewn in section by the middle rail of Fig. 2; or the iron plates K
may rest in grooves cast in the middle rail and sill about 2 inches apart, as
shewn in section by the cill M, Fig. 2. Opposite the end of this hollow in

page_text: the division I leave a vertical slit in the heel post N to enable a wood or iron
door P to be pushed in or pulled out so as to lengthen the division. N
is the heel post made (as high as the middle rail) in two pieces rivetted
together to enable me to form a vertical slit through it corresponding with
the hollow in the division already described. In the base of the pillar I fix
a roller O upon which travels a sliding door P of wood or iron fitted with
two rollers Q, which act against the upper surface of the sill M and lower
surface of the middle rail L; by this means the door P can be pulled out to
lengthen the division or close the passage at night, and can be pushed home
into the hollow division during the day. The top of the pillar I fit with a
knob or with a pillar R rising to ceiling. S is an elevation and T a sectional
plan of my improved revolving harness bracket, which for a pillar rising to
the ceiling is made in two halves rivetted together to clasp the pillar, and
turns freely upon the bead U cast on the pillar. When the pillar does not
rise to the ceiling I cast the bracket in one piece and slip it over the top of
the pillar. One of the most frequent causes of injury to horses arises from
the openwork V, permitting the horses to see each other through the
stall division; I remedy this by substituting for all or part of the openwork
plates of thin iron with the design of the openwork panels (half thickness)
rivetted on each side to match the rest of the work; or I cast panels, as W,
Fig. 2, exactly to match the openwork, but with a thin diaphragm in
the centre of the thickness of each open so as to form close panels, with a
raised pattern on each side, as shewn more clearly by the part drawn in
section. Where the panels meet I make a sloping joint X. In constructing
fixed divisions for stalls or loose boxes in order to enable the woodwork to be
replaced without disturbing the ironwork I omit all or part of one of the two
ribs usually cast on the sill or middle rail to form a groove for the wood, and
instead thereof fit a loose rib in pieces about 18 inches long, a front of one of
which is shewn by Y, Fig. 2, and a section of Y, Fig. 3. Each length of the
loose piece Y has two or more pins (or a long strip) on the lower edge which
drop into holes cast in the sill or middle rail, and when screwed to the side of
the wood (or iron) work of stall division fastens it as firmly as the old plan of
solid rib.
Fig. 4 is a plan and Fig. 5 a front elevation of my improved manger fitting
for open stalls with raised hay rack; Fig. 6 is a section through the manger,
and Fig. 7 a section through the tilting centre of same; Fig. 8 is a front
elevation of my improved low hay rack; Fig. 9 a plan, and Fig. 10 a cross
section through same. The manger A, water pot B, and raised hay rack C
are fitted to a top plate D extending the whole breadth of the stall. The

page_text: manger A I make oblong without the least projection at back or front, but at
each end I employ a projection E (shewn in the Drawing at one end only).
These projections are perforated with narrow slits and prevent the horse from
throwing out his food, while they are not in the way to be caught by his head
gear. Where even this projection is objectionable I omit the projection E and
make the top plate flush with the inside of manger all round, but form the
walls or sides F of the latter so as to overhang towards the inside, as shewn by
dotted lines in front view at Fig. 5, and in cross section at Fig. 6, so that the
food when tossed about by the horse falls back again. The manger can be
made fixed by means of flanges to screw below the top plate, as A¹, Fig. 1,
but I prefer to make it turn on a centre G for emptying, and instead of lifting
the front and emptying it backwards as I have hitherto done I reverse the
action and tilt it to the front. For this purpose I cast the part H, H, of the top
over the back and ends of the manger in one piece with the manger (with or
without the end projections), having also a centre or pivot G at each end.
Behind this back rim I attach a latch to fasten it when closed, the remaining
part of rin I cast in a piece with the top plate D, and form a groove G¹ at
each end for the centres to turn in. The back of manger has a hole under
the rim which serves both as an overflow and a handle. The water pot Bis
similar in construction with straight or overhanging sides. If it is made to tilt
backwards, as shewn in section by Fig. 11, I fasten the pot I when at rest by
means of a latch J attached to the top plate D.
Beneath the manger and
water pot I place an iron safety chamber K to enclose the space which is
commonly left below the manger (to the great danger of the horse) and also to
receive the waste water from both with a waste pipe L, L, so placed as to be in
the centre of stall. The chamber K is supported on one end by a shoe M
screwed to stall division, and at the other by a bracket N,N, screwed to the wall
behind, and forming a division between the chamber K and hay rack or seed
chamber. When the chamber is not required for waste water I omit the
back
part entirely. The space left between the end of chamber and the other
stall division I fit in front with bent rails O to form a low hay rack, the
front of the rails being in a line with and exactly of the same curve as the
front of the chamber K. The top of each rail has a forked rail P rising flush
with the inner edge of the hay rack opening, thus making the rack without any
projection either to the front or the inside of the hay rack. Where the hay rack
is required above the top plate, as C, Figs. 4 and 5, I use the curved plate R
of the same form as the curved plate last mentioned, with simply one hole S
in front fitted with a loose cover T, which is fastened by two hooks resting in
two holes in the plate R; this forms a chamber for hay seed, and the hole in

page_text: top plate I fill in with a perforated plate U rising up in the corner with an
ogee curve, but not touching the wall except at the point. The front of the
raised rack C is (curved on plan) made of vertical rails, the ends of the top
rail being fastened to the sheeting by two loose shoes (V, Figs. 12 and 13).
The safety chamber below the manger top I sometimes make in one length
of the form shown in section by K¹, Fig. 1, each end resting in a shoe M¹,
Fig. 1, screwed to stall division. Inside I fit two division plates separating
the part below the manger and water pot from that for the hay. The portion
of the chamber devoted to the latter I perforate with slits in the bottom and
an oblong hole in front, which I fit with a frame containing vertical rails of
the same form at top as already described for the low hay rack O. For the
loose boxes I use a top plate extending across one end of the box and con-
taining manger, water pot, and two hay racks, with a "safety chamber"
beneath, according to any of the foregoing arrangements. The front of the
racks instead of being curved are of straight vertical railing resting in the wall
at one side and at the other in one of two vertical plates dividing the manger
and pot from the rack at each end, and which rest on the manger top and
support my safety swing guard, as described in my Patent of 1858 already
referred to, which I improve by placing the centres at a considerable distance
above the top of these vertical division plates so as to throw the swing guard
well back from the horse's head when feeding. The whole when the guard
is closed forming a straight line of railing without any projection to injure the
horse.
Fig. 12 is a plan and Fig. 13 a front elevation of my improved hay rack,
and Fig. 14 a plan and Fig. 15 a front elevation of my improved manger
and water pot with safety chamber for the corners of a loose box. The ends
of the top rail of hay rack have loose shoes V to fasten same to the walls; in
other respects the hay rack C, with curved bottom U, safety chamber for
seed R, seed door T, as well as the manger A, water pot B, top plate D,
safety waste chamber K, and waste pipe L, are all on the same principle as
those already described under similarletters of reference, but modified in form
to suit the corners of a loose box. The manger and water pot can also be
made for separate corners, or the hay rack, manger, and water pot united in
one top plate to fit a corner.
My improved sliding hay grid is shewn on plan by Fig. 9, and in section
by Fig. 10, where W is the hay grid which rests on top of the hay, and
prevents the horse pulling out more than he can grasp through the rails.
X, the two vertical rails on which the grid travels, and Y a joint on which it
turns up so as to fold flat against the wall while the rack is being filled.

page_text: In constructing the loose box door I employ an improved form of latch to
prevent the horse opening it with his mouth.
Fig. 16 is a front and Fig 17. a side view in section of one arrangement
consisting of a round bar a of metal running in a mortise in the centre of the
thickness either of the solid or openwork portion of door 6. The bar a has a
projecting pin c on one side and a handle d at right angles to the pin; in
closing the bolt the handle is lifted which brings the pin opposite a slite
which it passes through, and when the handle falls the pin prevents the bolt
passing back.
Fig. 18 shews. the improved form which I employ for doors formed of
vertical rails. f is a flat bar running in a slit in three or four of the rails g,
and having simply two holes h, 1, for a handle. On the bottom edge I form
a bevilled projection i, which in closing the bolt passes through the slit in one
of the rails g and prevents the bolt returning till lifted by the hand; on the
point of this bevil i is a pin which catches in a groovej in the vertical rail,
and prevents the horse opening it.
My improvements in the method of tying the horse are as follows:-
Fig. 19 is a front elevation and Fig. 20 a section of a metal plate k faced
with glazed earthenware I, having in relief the form of a ribbon m or other
device with a space on which to paint the horse's name or to receive a loose
name plate n. The centre of the metal plate / passes through the centre of
the porcelain, and the latter is secured by a cup 0, 0, fåstened to the metal
platek by means of a flat knob p,p, of mushroom shape to receive the rack chain
hereafter described, also on the face of each stall pillar or on the top of each
stall division, as shown at p; on stall division F 2 I place a similar knob for
the pillar chain. When earthenware is unsuitable for the name plate I
make an iron frame m of similar device which is fixed to the wall, and to the
face of the frame I fix by means of a hook at the top and two screws or turn
buttons q a moveable plate n upon which the name can be painted.
P, and
Fig. 21 shews my improvements in the pillar or rack chains. Instead of
the ordinary spring hooks I make a plain oval link at the one end of the
chain of a size that will just slip edgewise over the mushroom knob
at the other end a spring hooks composed of an eye with two arms of steel,
the points of which are forged into light springs and returned inwards towards
the eye till they meet in the centre; or I make it in the form of an oval
link t, one side of which has part stiff, and the other end is a spring turned
round to touch it.
Fig. 22 shews a section through a manger top with my improved noiseless
tying for open stall, partly in section; Fig. 23, a front view and section of

page_text: the same modified for loose boxes; Fig. 24, an enlarged view of the round
leather tying; Fig. 25 a front and Fig. 26 a side view of the flat leather
tying and improved ball or sinker. Dis the manger top, to which I attach a
hinged frame of iron w, having a cup of dovetail section in which I insert a
bushing of porcelain, wood, or metal with round or oblong hole; the por-
celain is convex towards the hole, and the frame is attached to the front
moulding of manger top by a hinge w, w, or the hinge may be dispensed with
and the frame u fixed rigid; at the wall opposite this frame I attach an open
iron cover a for the sinker (of D section) divided in height about the middle, the
upper part being fitted with a horizontal buffer plate y, y, and porcelain roller z,
and fixed permanently to the wall; the lower half a¹ is loose for the removal
of the sinker, bevilled at the top so as to slip freely inside the upper half;
this fastens it at top, while the bottom half is fastened by dropping into a shoe
below or by a hook 61 catching into a flush plate in the wall, the running rein
or tying works through the front bushing and over the back roller terminating|
in a sinker, as hereafter described.
Fig. 24 is an enlarged view of one form of my improved running rein for the
tying; it consists partly of a chain c¹, c¹, and partly of leather, which may be a
strap or a round leather rein, as drawn in Fig. 24. At one end of the chain
is either of the spring hooks (s or t, Fig. 21) already described, and at the
other a triangle of iron d¹, which is fastened to the last link of the chain by a
link and nut e¹ like an ordinary swivel, the other face is thick and has the
leather strap passed round it and attached by sewing, but when a round
leather tying is used I fit a pear-shaped wedge as dotted line g' to the triangle
and sew the upper end of leather round the wedge. The bottom of the leather
rein is flat, and has a ball or sinker h¹ of wood or metal with a vertical hole i
entering in the centre at top and passing out at an obtuse angle at back so as
to keep the point of the strap from touching the ground. Opposite the face of
the strap I fit a countersunk metal thumbscrewj1, the point of which passes
through a hole punched in the leather f¹; or the point may be sharp to bite
into the leather. The head of the thumb screw is fluted to give a good hold
for the fingers.
Fig. 25 shews a front view enlarged, and Fig. 26 a side view, partly in
section, of another arrangement of the rein, which has the chain c¹ and swivel
link e¹, as already described, but instead of the triangle d¹ I use a straight
piece of iron or brass k¹, k¹, with a hole in it to receive the nut . The point
of the swivel link e¹ is first passed through a hole near the end of the flat strap,
and through k¹ into the nut ; the end of the strap is then brought tight
round ¹, and fastened to the body of the strap by copper rivets n¹, thus

page_text: forming the leather into a buffer to stop the rein from passing through the
bushing v. The round sinker o¹ I make long, with a check to receive a
band pl of gutta perchaorleather to prevent noise from the sinker in travelling.
I cast a hole g¹ for the strap straight down through the sinker for two-thirds
its length, and then bending sharply out at the back. In the bottom of the
ball, at a right angle to the face of the strap, I fill a bell metal screw ¹ in.
diameter, with a T-head, which works inside a deep cup in the bottom of the
ball. The face of the screw is cupped to make a slight print in the strap, and
thus fasten it firmly when screwed home, but without injuring the surface of
the strap. sis a. buffer of india-rubber, which strikes against the buffer
plate y, and prevents a shock when suddenly pulled up. Sometimes I dispense
with the hinged frame u, Fig.22, for the front, and insert the porcelain bushing
directly into the front moulding of the manger top, as shown in Fig. 8, or into
the shoe which supports the manger at each end.
Fig. 23 shews a front view with parts in section of my loose box tying, which
is similar to that for stall manger, except that I dispense with the roller z and
frame v, , and use instead thereof a bracket t¹, in which I insert the bushing v.
The telescopic cover a¹ (which is here shewn also in section) is longer than in
Fig. 22, so as when removed it uncovers the greater part of the leather rein,
but in all other respects it is the same as that already described.
My improvements in the surface drainage are,-
Firstly. A drain suitable for cowhouses as well as stables, of which Fig. 27
is a plan and Fig. 28 a section. It consists of a plain open gutter A in iron,
stone, or brick, with a margin on each side sloping slightly upwards fitted
with a solid sliding cover B in nine-inch lengths, roughed on the surface, and
with a rib C along each side of the under surface to fit inside the edges of the
gutter, and four or five grooves D cut out of each side to allow the urine to
escape into the gutter.
Secondly. A shallow gutter, shewn on plan by Fig. 29, and in section by.
Fig. 30; it may be used either with or without a cover having sloping sides,
and an angular groove F on each side to receive a sliding cover G when
necessary. The cover is in short lengths with two angular ribs cast along the
under side to fit the grooves F,F, in the gutter, which prevent the cover
being displaced by the tramping of the horse, yet do not offer any objectionable
surface should the cover be removed. There are perforations through the
cover for the escape of urine, and a projection or roughing H,H, between each
perforation to prevent the horse slipping.
Thirdly. A deep gutter of iron, of which. Fig. 31 is a plan, Fig. 32 a

page_text: section, and Fig. 33 a side elevation of one length of the cover. The gutter
I has vertical sides with square corners and curved bottom. The cover J is
in nine-inch lengths, with the surface hollow along each side and high in the
middle, the only perforation being slits at intervals across the hollow portions
(which are omitted in those covers used below the front feet of the horse)
there is a projection or roughing between each slit. The under side of the
cover J is of an arch form, with feet K cast crosswise at intervals on each
side, and between each foot a rib for strength sloping quickly from the top
edge towards the centre, so that any urine that enters between the edge of
the gutter and cover cannot lodge. The edges of the feet rest in the square
corners of gutter, and when a length of the cover is pushed along the feet
clear away any obstruction that may gather in the corners; or instead of the
feet I make the sides of the cover the full depth of the gutter, as shewn in
front elevation by Fig. 34 with corrugations Lacross the edge and partly up
the sides to allow the escape of the urine.
Fig. 35 is a plan of the frame; Fig. 36, a plan of the trap beneath it; and
Fig. 37, a vertical section through both, shewing my improvements in the
stable stench trap. M is the upper frame of the stench trap, being a square
or circular dish similar in section to either of the three gutters alreadydescribed.
The loose grating or cover N may have an edge like either of the gutter
covers B,G, or J, that now drawn being the corrugated edge to match Fig. 34.
In one or all sides of the dish I form when required an improved junction O
to connect it with the gutter. In the centre of the dish is the round hole P
large enough to admit a man's hand, having a tube four or five inches long,
which passes through the cover of the trap Q beneath, and dips into the water
there retained for the purpose of sealing itagainst return smell on the common
principle. The hole P is covered with a thick flange of mushroom shape R,
shewn on plan by Fig. 38, and in section by Fig. 39, the stem S having four
flanges to keep it in the centre of the opening; the under side of the flange has
feet, and the surface is either solid or pierced. The trap Q is a round vertical
chamber, with a cover and broad horizontal outlet pipe T, all cast in one piece.
The outlet T is curved downward to facilitate its connection with a sewer, or
terminates in a tube mouth to connect with a branch pipe.
My improvements in ventilation are also applicable to schools and other
apartments, and consists of an inlet ventilator for fresh air, and an outlet one
for foul.
Fig. 40 is a front view in part and Fig. 41 a vertical section of one
of my improved inlet ventilators to open or close by an endless cord. U is

page_text: a deep oblong frame for building flush into the wall fitted with a valvular
front V opening inwards at top, and formed of a plate of iron or wood (or an
iron sash to receive glass) hinged to the frame at the bottom on centres W,
so as to open at the top to any required angle, the open space at each end is
closed by a plate X attached to and moving with the front; at one end
I attach to the under side of the top of the frame a hollow bracket Y curved
to a quarter circle; over this bracket I pass a cord Z, one end of which is
fastened to the top of the hinged front, and the other passes down at an obtuse
angle through a counterpoise weight a sliding inside the ventilator on a vertical
rod b, with a stop at top to prevent the front opening too far, thence through
a hole c formed between the hinge and the frame, and down till it can be
caught by a man's hand; it then returns upwards, and the free end is attached
outside to the top of the hinged front by fastening d, so that pulling one cord
opens the ventilator to any degree, and the other closes it.
Fig. 42 shews a front view in part and a Fig. 43 a vertical section of
another arrangement where the hanging cord for opening is objectionable. u is
the frame, and v the front, but I place the centres upon which the front
moves inside the frame at e so far back as to cuuse the front to incline
forward. On the wall below the ventilator I fix an oblong plate with a
vertical slit g; in this slit slide two pins h, h, projecting from the back of a
weighti sufficient to counterpoise the hinged front. To the centre of the frame
at top I fix a roller; or fixed curved bracket Y, Y, opposite which I attach a
chain K, to the hinged front; the chain which passes over the roller down
through a hole 1, 1, in the bottom of hinged front, and is fastened to the
sliding counterpoise i, which then forms a stop for and also a handle by which
the ventilator can be opened or closed.
Fig. 44 shews a vertical section of another arrangement of this ventilator
where it is desired to screw it to wood built into the wall. I make the frame m
of angle iron section at top, the edge sloping down to the level of the frame at
bottom, and attach the chain R and sliding counterposie i either at the centre
of the ventilator as Fig. 42, or at one side as Fig. 40. The bottom edge of
the front has a round bead a working in a hollow in frame, and the chain from
the counterpoise i passes between the two, as at c, Fig. 40.
shewing my
Fig. 45 is a vertical section through the ceiling of a stable
improvements in the method of carrying off the foul air. The outlet
ventilator consists of a flat iron frame o filled with perforated iron work p
placed in a hole cut in the ceiling close to the wall and behind the horse for
the exit of the foul air. The opening is covered by a hinged flap q having a

page_text: attached to the upper side which passes up over a roner or curved
brackets descending through the ceilingand attached to a sliding counterpoise
sliding in a place f, as already described. Each outlet ventilator is about the
breadth to fit between two ceiling joists t, and one should be placed behind
every horse close to the wall u; the foul air rising up from each ventilator is
collected into a horizontal trunk v formed of wood boards w and running
along the floor of the hay chamber; from this trunk rises a vertical shaft
which terminates in a roof outlet composed of a taper tube of the diameter
of the vertical shaft surrounded by another tube of about 4 inches greater
diameter, with apertures in the base through which the external air enters,
and striking upon the inner tube rises up through the space between the two
and causes an upward current inside the vertical shaft.
The second part of my Iuvention refers to improvements in cowhouse
fittings which like those for stables consist of stall division, manger or trough,
water trough, hay rack, and tying apparatus of modified forms.
Fig. 46 is a cross section through one of my improved cowstalls shewing
an elevation of the stall division; Fig. 47, a similar section through the water
trough shewing an elevation of the dwarf division; Fig. 48, a front elevation
of part of a complete stall, and Fig. 49, a ground plan of same.
A is the stall division cast in one piece (to hold two cows in each stall), and
are placed about 7 feet apart. The front of the division has a hollow
column B cast in connection with it, and at the back is a projection C with
flanges D to receive my improved trough E which fits between the stall
division A resting in flanges D cast thereon. I make the back of the trough
very high, with or without the offset E¹, above the trough I suspend an iron
head plate F or vertical rack G swinging from a horizontal rail H which
binds all the divisions together. The head plates F or rack G are controlled
by a chain and weight I attached to each bottom corner and working through
holes J in the back of the trough. The space between the head plate Fand
the trough E thus becomes a receptacle for food which can be filled from the
passage without disturbing the cattle. On pressing the head plate F from the
feeding passage the food falls into the trough, and the plate is drawn back
again by the weights I, or if the rack G, G, be used the fodder can be eaten
through the vertical rails, and the weights I keep the rack pressed back
against the fodder so as to be out of the way of the cattle and also prevent
To each head plate I attach a frame K for a moveable plate which
has the name of the animal on both sides, and I cut a hole in the head plate
to enable the name to be seen from the feeding passage. I sometimes keep
waste.

page_text: the top of the rack lower and more sloped to the back to enable the trough to
be filled with solid food over the top of the rack. The improved form of the
division at C enables the food to be emptied into the trough from the truck L
as it passes along the feeding passage. The bottom edge of the stall division
I cast partly sloped as M to ensure a proper fall in the floor of the stall, and
beneath each pillar I fit a hollow iron base block N instead of stone, with
a check in same to receive the base of the pillar B so as to avoid any
projection. The pillar is fastened to the base block by two sloping screws (
and nuts, as shewn in section by Fig. 48.
My improvement in the tying consists in using three or more vertical rods P
for the sliding cow chain, each with a button top, this enables the same stall
to suit either long or short animals; each rod passes through a conical hole
at top and bottom of the opening in the division plate; a space Q is left above
the former to enable the rod to be lifted out, and a hanging latch or plate R
moving on a centre S in the stall division covers the opening above the end of
each rod and fastens them. The thumb piece T shewn in sectional view,
Fig. 46, passes through the opening U and enables the latch to be opened
from the far side; or I hang one plate R on each side and rivet them together
so that both act together; or I use only two of the rods Pfitted into a reversible
loose plate inserted in the stall division, which turned one way suits a short
cow, and the other a long one. I place a water trough V with hinged
cover W in the centre of and resting with pivots X on bearing's cast on the
feeding troughs; the back of the water trough passes through a hole in the
back of feeding trough E, and can be tilted up to empty the waste into a
drain Y in feeding passage; or I employ a fixed water trough of similar form
with an ordinary plug in the part projecting into the feeding passage. I also
fix a dwarf division A¹ in the centre of each trough, with projection C¹
and flange D¹ to attach to the back or feeding trough. I also sometimes fit
a round bar from the front edge to the front of dwarf division; the end bent
down and fastened to floor for the better separation of the cattle. The cover W
has a chain working through a hole J' in the back of feeding trough E, with
balance weight 1'. I supply the water to each trough by means of a
horizontal tube fixed instead of the rail H with one branch and valve to each
water trough V; or in the case of the fixed water troughs I sometimes cast
inlet and outlet flanges on each to receive connecting pieces of iron gutter,
as Z, Fig. 47, which enables a whole range of troughs to be watered from
one tap.
My improvements in the drain consists in employing an open channel of

page_text: iron, brick, or stone, with a branch to each bull's stand, this channel being
covered with short lengths of loose iron plates solid on the top, but with side
apertures to receive drainage, as already described for stables by Figs. 27
and 28.
The last part of my Invention refers to harness-room fittings, and
consists, firstly, in an improved travelling carriage with bracket for cleaning
saddles and harness on, and also for supporting lamps and other requisites in
stables.
Fig. 50 shews a side view of one of my improved travelling carriages, with
an end view of the bearer, and G, G, Fig. 1, shows an end view of two of the
same on a larger scale applied with an H-iron bearer for supporting a sliding
stall division in a loose box. a, a, is a bearer of T-iron attached to the ceiling
by means of brackets b, b, which clip the thin edge of the T-iron, and also
fasten both ends at the joint c; d, d, is a travelling carriage, the end of
which is seen enlarged at Fig. 1 made in two halves, each fitted with two
wheels e, e, which run on the upper surface of the flange of the bearer. The
two halves of the carriage clasp the bearer and are fastened together by the
screws f. A loop y moves sideways in the lower part of the carriage by means
of the hinge h, and has a pin i for fastening anything to be supported by the
carriage. jis my improved bracket for cleaning two saddles on formed of a
top rail j, with two side flaps k,each attached to the rail j by three hinges t, so
as to fold flat when not in use, but to form a bracket of A-shape when open.
The bracket is attached to the carriage by a telescopic rod with bayonet fast-
ening of ordinary construction, the lower end m passing through the rail j,
with a nut below to form a swivel joint. This bracket I either make entirely
of iron or of an iron frame capped with wood, as hereafter described for
harness brackets.
Fig. 51 shews a front elevation, partly in section, and Fig. 52 a side
elevation of my improved bracket for supporting harness collars with wood
cappings; Fig. 53 a cross section and Fig. 54 a longitudinal section of the
same made entirely of iron according to my improved method, hereafter
described. Fig. 55 is a front and Fig. 56 a side elevation of my improved
bracket for supporting harness bridles, all of which I also make double for
attaching to the sliding carriage, after the manner of the sliding saddle
bracket, Fig. 50. The collar bracket n is curved on top, with five half round
arm's o attached to a narrow rim at front and back, the back rim having a
The top arm is made with a
right angle flange p for screwing to the wall.
high curve q at the back to keep the collar from touching the wall. The

page_text: bridle bracket I make circular on top, with five arms s attached to a rim,
and flange t, t, behind, but the front is attached to a thin metal plate " in the
form of a quarter globe, with portions cut away for admission of air; both of
these are arranged for each bracket to be cast in one piece with the bearing
parts capped with polished wood, and in cross section would appear as of
half round bars with spaces for air between; but I also make improved
brackets of the same external form as the above (as well as others already
registered by me in the Designs Office) entirely of iron, in a manner that
will retain most of the advantages of the wood capped brackets, by making
casting patterns to cast each in one piece, similar externally, but hollow
inside, and reduced to a substance of about th of an inch in thickness, so
as to be light, yet strong and cheap, as will be understood by the sections of
collar bracket, Figs. 53 and 54.
with the front plate
I insert a box flush in
Fig. 57 is a front view and Fig. 58 a front view
removed of my improved meter for measuring corn.
the wall divided internally into two chambers w with a space v,v, in the middle.
Each chamber w contains the quantity for a feed, and has a tube a at the top
in connection with a tube from the corn bin in the room above. Each chamber
w has a hole y, y, at the top and one at the bottom, and is fitted with two flat
siding plates z with holes corresponding therewith. Each sliding plate has a
pin a standing out through the front plate 61, which slides vertically through
a slit in front plate. A vibrating lever arm c¹ is mounted outside with a
falling handle d¹ which fits over a staple e¹ for locking the same. The
vibrating arm acts on both pins a¹, so that each time the end is pressed down
one chamber w fills with oats and the other is emptied, and vice versa, both
charges coming out through the aperture f". The spindle can be connected
with the unit wheel of an indicator on the same principle as a common gas
meter to register the quantity passed through, and instead of the vibrating
arm c¹ I sometimes employ a pinion wheel g¹ acting on a rack attached to
each sliding plate z by each movement of the arm d.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into practical effect, I would have it understood that I do not claim as my In-
vention the separate mechanical parts forming the various combinations which
respectively constitute parts of my Invention; but I claim substantially as
herein described and shewn in the Drawings annexed the several combinations
forming the improved stable fittings, constructed respectively as shewn in the
Drawings from No. 1 to No. 45 inclusive.
Also the several combinations forming the improved fittings for cow-
houses, constructed respectively as shewn in the Figures 46 to 49 inclusive.

page_text: Also the several combinations forming the improved fittings and arrange-
ments for harness rooms and other purposes, constructed respectively as shewn
in the. Figures 50 to 58 inclusive:
In witness whereof, I, the said James Musgrave, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JAMES MUSGRAVE. (L.S.)
Witness,
THOMAS F. SHILLINGTON,
81, Ann St., Belfast.