IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER MAKING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Critchett Bartlett, of Garlick Hill, in
the City of London, Wholesale Stationer, and Anthony Gapper
Southby, of Bulford, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Critchett
Bartlett and Anthony Gapper Southby at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th March
1869.
We, HENRY CRITCHETT BARTLETT, of Garlick Hill, in the City of
London, Wholesale Stationer, and ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY, of
Bulford, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER MAKING," to be as
follows:-
We use for the purpose of seperating, beating, washing, and mixing
fibrous substances mixed with more or less water a cylinder or box con-
taining either plates, or bars, or projections fixed to the side or sides, so

page_text: that the plane of the plates, or bars, or projections shall be at a right or
other angle to the axis of one or more shafts running through from end
to end of the cylinder or box, having on the said shaft or shafts radiating
or spirally disposed bars, or plates, or projections, the converse of those
on the inner part of the cylinder or box, and working between them.
Either the cylinder or box to revolve round the shaft or shafts, the
shaft or shafts revolving all of them, or one of them, in the same or
opposite directions at the same or different speeds, or the shaft or
shafts revolving in the same or opposite direction in a fixed cylinder
or box, or any variation of these motions, or speeds; or plates, or
flanges may be disposed spirally along two or more shafts working in a
box, so that the plates or flanges gear into one another in the way of cogs,
or we substitute for the cylinder or box a hollow conical or concave
surface or a disc carrying projections, bars, or plates worked or working
against another conical or convex surface, or a second disc carrying its
converse projections, bars, or plates arranged in such a manner that the
fibrous matters shall be carried between them either inward to the
centre or outward to the circumference; the bars, projections, or plates
on the shaft, shafts, conical or convex surfaces, or second disc being in
preference more or less spirally disposed than the bars, projections, or
plates in the cylinder, or box, or hollow conical or concave surfaces, or
the disc, the bars, projections, or plates working between one another.
Longitudinal or spiral grooves may be made on the inner surface of tho
cylinder, or box, hollow conc, conc, concave or convex surfaces, or first or
second disc, and the bars, plates, or projections may be grooved or
serrated on all or any portion of their surfaces acting against the fibrous
substances. The fibrous substances may be delivered to the cylinder or
box through an opening or openings in the side or sides, or through a
hopper on the top or directly into the end of the cylinder or box, and
the treated material may pass out through an opening or openings in the
side or sides. The fibrous substances may be delivered to the conical,
or concave, or disc form of engine through the eye or centre, and pass
out at the larger circumference, or delivered at the larger circumference
and worked through and pass out through the eye or centre.
Water or
chemical solutions may be injected through perforations in the cylinder
or box, or through the shaft or shafts, or shaft, shafts, and beaters
combined, or through the conical, concave, convex, or disc surfaces,
mixing with and passing through the fibrous material, and finding
its exit through other perforations.

page_text: By these means we produce a self-feeding, beating, seperating, washing,
or mixing engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Critchett Bartlett and Anthony Gapper
Southby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th September
1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
CRITCHETT BARTLETT, of Garlick Hill, in the City of London, Whole-
sale Stationer, and ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY, of Bulford, in the
County of Wilts, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Henry Critchett Bartlett and Anthony Gapper
Southby, Her special licence that we, the said Henry Critchett Bartlett
and Anthony Gapper Southby, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Henry Oritchett Bartlett and Anthony
Gapper Southby, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, excercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPER MAKING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Henry Critchett Bartlett and Anthony Gapper Southby,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Critchett Bartlett and
Anthony Gapper Southby, do hereby declare the nature of our said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:
In this Invention we use for the purpose of separating, beating,
washing, or mixing fibrous substances mixed with more or less water a
cylinder or box containing either plates, or bars, or projections fixed to
the side or sides, so that the plane of the plates, or bars, or projections
shall be at a right or other angle to the axis of one or more shafts
running through from end to end of the cylinder or box having on the
said shaft or shafts radiating or spirally disposed bars, or plates, or pro-
jections the converse of those on the inner part of tho cylinder or box,
and working between them. Either the cylinder or box to revolve round
the shaft or shafts, the shaft or shafts revolving all of them, or one of
them, in the same or opposite directions at the same or different speeds,
or the shaft or shafts revolving in the same or opposite directions in a
fixed cylinder or box, or any variation of these motions or speeds.
Plates or flanges may be disposed spirally along two or more shafts
working in a box so that the plates or flanges gear into one another in
the way of cogs; or we substitute for the cylinder or box a hollow
conical or concave surface or a disc carrying projections, bars, or plates
worked or working against another conical or convex surface, or a
second disc carrying its converse projections, bars, or plates arranged in
such a manner that the fibrous matters shall be carried between them
either inward to the centre or outward to the circumference; the bars,
projections, or plates on the shaft, shafts, conical or convex surface, or
second disc being in preference more or less spirally disposed than the
bars, projections, or plates in the cylinder or box or hollow conical or
concave surface or the disc; the bars, projections, or plates working
between one another. Longitudinal or spiral grooves may be made on
the inner surface of the cylinder or box, hollow cone, cone, concave or
convex surfaces, or first or second disc, and the bars, plates, or projec-
tions may be grooved or serrated on all or any portion of their surfaces
acting against the fibrous substances. The fibrous substances may be
delivered to the cylinder or box through an opening or openings in the
side or sides, or through a hopper on the top, or directly into the end of
the cylinder or box, and the treated material may pass out through an
opening or openings at the other end of the cylinder or box, or through
an opening or openings in the side or sides. The fibrous substances may

page_text: be delivered to the conical, or concave, or disc form of engine through
the eye or centre, and pass out at the larger circumference, or delivered
at the larger circumference and worked through and pass out through
the cye or centre. Water or chemical solutions may be injected through
perforations in the cylinder or box, or through the shaft or shafts, or
through the shaft, shafts, and beaters combined, or through the conical
concave, convex, or disc surfaces, mixing with and passing through tho
fibrous material, and finding its exit through other perforations. By
these means we produce a self-feeding, separating, beating, washing, or
mixing continuous acting engine.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, we will now proceed
more fully to describe the same.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section
of one form of our improved apparatus for treating and preparing fibrous
substances for the manufacture of
paper.
In carrying out our Invention we take a hollow fixed cylinder A of
iron or any tough and hard alloy of copper, such as gun metal, with a
revolving shaft B running centrally through both ends, the bearings O
being situate well outside the cylinder to prevent the lubricating oil from
falling into the paper stuff. The shaft carries a series of plates, or bars,
or projections I like spokes or teeth on a hub, fixed to the shaft by
means of a key or otherwise, or morticed into or made on the shaft itself.
These we term beaters, and we arrange them in a series more or less
spirally following the direction of the motion of the shaft. These
beaters work freely between plates, or bars, or projections E (sec
sectional view Fig. 2) fixed to the inside of the cylinder A. either in the
line of a chord of its arc, nearly touching the hub of the beaters
or the shaft itself; or, as shown at Fig. 3, radiating towards the
shaft, or at any angle between these lines. The beaters H may be
made of steel or iron, or any hard and tough alloy of copper, such as gun
metal, and may resemble in shape thin cog wheels, those at the feeding
end of the engine being thicker and stronger and with greater spaces
between them and the plates, and generally with a less number of cogs
than those toward the delivery end. When we require to propel the
material under treatment faster along the cylinder we slope away the
edge of the cogs more or less spirally in the same direction as the series
of beaters. In practise we have found to answer well beaters with only
two teeth at the feed end (as shewn at Figs. 4 and 5) but increasing in

page_text: number to four and afterwards cight (Fig. 7) towards the delivery end.
These beaters work between one, two, four, twelve, and eighteen plates
in the circle between each set of beaters. These beaters and plates arc
contained in a cylinder of six inches internal diameter, the length
being proportioned to the amount of beating to be done (thirty inches
being a useful length.) To prevent clogging of the material round the
hub of the beaters or the shaft we find it advisable to bring the plates
to an edge or point or notch them at the point nearest to the hub of
the beaters or tho shaft, and we mako the surfaces of the plates,
bars, or projections facing the ends of the cylinder as narrow as
possible with due regard to strength, especially towards the delivery end.
We can
We supply the cylinder A with material through a hole L at one
end (preferibly on the top) and we run in more or less water according
to the nature of the material so as to work through the cylinder with
as little water as will enable it to pass through. The beaters H scize
the material, drag it forcibly between the plates E, and move it forward
and partially disintegrate it; and as the beaters and plates are closer
set to each other and encrease in number farther along the cylinder this
proces is carried on until the desired result is obtained.
regulate the amount of beating or disintegration of the material by
using a greater or less number of plates and beaters, but in order to
vary at will the length of the fibre produced (to suit the different
papers to be made and the different materials under treatment) we inject
water into the cylinder A at one or several places in its length. This
has the effect of considerably modifying the further beating of the
material from such point, and thus enables us to produce different
qualities of pulp without altering the number of beaters and plates. If
the engine is working upon material that requires bleaching the bleaching
agent may be injected or flow into the cylinder with the water, or if it be
desired to soften a crude material alkaline leys may be similarly mixed
with it. Heat may be applied if desired by means of a steam pipe
opening into any part of the cylinder, or otherwise. Two parellel shafts
of the same or different lengths carrying several toothed beaters may
revolve in a box so that the teeth on the feeding shaft may revolve more
slowly than the other and be cleared by the faster motion of the other
teeth.

page_text: projections, teeth, plates, or bars. The inner and outer sides of these
teeth or projections are concentric, but their other sides or ends aro
cut off in the direction of a helical or expanding curve from the centre
to the circumference of the discs O, P, Q. This expanding line of
curve on the one disc O, P, or Q being described in the opposite
direction to that on the other disc on which it works. The concentric
lines of teeth on one disc work between the concentric lines of teeth on
the other disc, and it will be seen that there are expanding curves of spaces
S between the expanding curves of teeth R. As these lines of expanding
curves are opposed to each other on the two surfaces that work against one
another these lines of curves, during the revolution of the discs O, P,.
Q, cross each other so that when the point of intersection moves
from the centre to the circumference, the material under treatment
will be carried outwards and must be fed in near the centre, and on the
other hand when the point of intersection of these curves in the
revolution of the discs moves from the circumference to the centre the
material must be fed in at or near the circumference, and the two may
be combined on the upper and under surfaces of a disc which revolves
between two other discs, so that the material may be fed in near the
centre of the upper side and carried out to the circumference and
worked down by sloping planes U on the disc and carried inward by the
reverse of the action just described so as to find its exit near the
centre. The plates, bars, or projections have preferibly their concentric
surfaces shortened as much as possible (due regard being had to
strength), and these teeth may have their concentric surfaces sloped so
that the bases or portions nearest to the discs carrying them are broader
than the apices or truncated apices, so that by raising or lowering the
middle disc P by a screw step bearing V, or by other means, (or by
altering the distance between the two outside discs,) the concentric
surfaces of the teeth on the opposite discs will be brought nearer
together or moved farther apart, and may be adjusted by means of
screws W, or otherwise.
A method of carrying out this arrangement is shewn in the plans, and
this form of engine must not be driven up to such speed as will allow
the centrifugal action caused thereby to overcome the inward propelling
power of the curves before mentioned, unless material mixed with much
liquid be forced through by pressure. Pipes for the injection of water,
bleaching fluids, alkali, or steam may be connected with any portion of
this engine, and water may be used as before described to regulate the

page_text: amount of beating. Solid and hollow cones, solid and hollow spheres,
or portions of spheres may be substituted for these discs and made to
carry bars, plates, or projections similar in all respects to the teeth on
the discs and working between each other in like manner, and pipes for
the purposes before described may be similarly used. All these engines
and parts of engines may be made of iron or a hard and tough alloy of
copper, such as gun metal, with the exception of the regulating screws
and the shafts, which should be made of iron or steel.
A, hollow fixed cylinder; B, shaft, shewing beaters between plates;
C, bearings; D, oil catcher; E, shape of plate following line of chord
of arc of cylinder; F, shape of plato to lines radiating to shaft; G,
eighteen plates in the circle; H, two-toothed beater with hub; I, two-
toothed beater morticed into shaft; K, eight-toothed beater; L, feeding
hole; M, delevery spout; N, injecting pipes; O, upper disc; P, middle disc;
Qlower disc; R, teeth in expanding lines of curves; S, spaces in
expanding lines of curves; T, intersecting point of lines of curves; U,
sloping planes on disc; V, screw step bearing for middle disc; W,
regulating screws for outside discs.
Having described these forms of our apparatus it is evident that
combinations of their parts may be made, and that the dimensions are
limited only by convenience, and the strength of the materials of which
they are constructed.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Critchett Bartlett and
Anthony Gapper Southby have hercunto set our hands and seals,
this Thirteenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
HENRY CRITCHETT BARTLETT. (L.S.)
ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY.
(L.S.)