IMPROVEMENTS IN RE- FRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION, SURFACE CONDENSATION, HEATING OR COOLING FLUIDS, AIR, OR GASES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Morton, Engineer, of Stockton-on-Tees, in
the County of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RE-
FRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION, SURFACE CONDENSATION,
HEATING OR COOLING FLUIDS, AIR, OR GASES."
Sealed the 22nd May 1874, and dated the 29th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1873.
I, ROBERT MORTON, Engineer, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County.
of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, PARTS
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION, SURFACE CON-
DENSATION, HEATING OR COOLING FLUIDS, AIR, OR GASES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to certain arrangements and
33
ennavetura in
which

page_text: flattened or other shaped tubes are used, and for which Letters Patent,
No. 939, 1862, have already been granted to me. The improvements
which I have effected in this apparatus are chiefly constructional, and
relate more particularly to matters of detail in the manufacture.
Firstly. As to the mode of attachment of the tubes to the side plates;
heretofore these tubes have been simply soldered to the side plates, which
were perforated at equitable distances for their reception, as already
described in the aforesaid Letters Patent. The improvements which I
have made in this particular add considerably to the strength of the
machine. I now braze or solder the ends of the tubes into a flanged
socket, the flanges of the said sockets being firmly attached to the side
plates by rivetting, brazing, or soldering; or by bolts and india-rubber or
leather washers.
Secondly. Instead of having the loose caps for cleaning the interior
of the tubes in the channel way as in my former Patent, I now place
them on the opposite side, or on both sides of the apparatus if
necessary.
Thirdly. Instead of allowing the liquid to be cooled to traverse under
and over the tubes I sometimes by preference cause it to flow longi-
tudinally through the passages or channels between the tubes. In this
arrangement the tubes are placed at such an angle of elevation with the
bottom of the apparatus so as to form outlets or openings underneath
their respective ends alternately for the passage of the liquid from
channel to channel.
With regard to that part of my Invention relating to distillation and
surface condensation, into a casing of any convenient form I insert rows
of flattened or other shaped tubes at suitable distances apart, the ends
of which are covered with a cellular cap or caps. The spaces between
the caps and the ends of the tubes are divided into chambers by
divisional strips so arranged that a communication is formed between the
ends of the several rows of tubes alternately throughout the entire
series for the passage of the vapors or products from the various still
heads in distillation instead of the worms or other appliances in use at
present. The vapors are passed through the tubes, whilst the cooling
liquid is caused to circulate around the spaces between the tubes by a
pumps or otherwise, or vice versa, the vapor in the spaces between the
tubes and the cooling liquid inside the tubes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert, Morton, in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
MORTON, Engineer, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Morton, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Morton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Morton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and .no
others, from time to time and at all times creafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFRIGERATORS OR APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION, SURFACE CONDENSATION, HEATING OR
COOLING FLUIDS, AIR, OR GASES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Robert Morton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
2
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert, Morton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described, and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof:_

page_text: The first part of my Invention relates to certain arrangements and
improvements in that class of refrigerators or apparatus in which
flattened or other shaped tubes are used, and for which Letters Patent,
No. 939, 1862, have already been granted to me. The improvements
which I have effected in this apparatus are chiefly constructional, and
relate more particularly to matters of detail in the manufacture.
Firstly. As to the mode of attachment of the tubes to the side plates;
heretofore these tubes have been simply soldered to the side plates,
which were perforated at equitable distances for their reception, as
already described in the aforesaid Letters Patent. The improvements 1
which I have made in this particular add considerably to the strength of
the machine. I now braze or solder the ends of the tubes into a flanged
socket, the flanges of the said sockets being firmly attached to the side
plates by rivetting, brazing, or soldering, or by bolts and india-rubber or
leather washers.
Secondly. Instead of having the loose caps for cleaning the interior of
the tubes in the channel way as in my former Patent, I now place
them on the opposite side, or on both sides of the apparatus if
necessary.
]
Thirdly. Instead of allowing the liquid to be cooled to traverse under
and over the tubes I sometimes by preference cause it to flow longi-
tudinally through the passages or channels between the tubes. In this
arrangement the tubes are placed at such an angle of elevation with the
bottom of the apparatus so as to form outlets or openings underneath
their respective ends alternately for the passage of the liquid from 2
channel to channel.
With regard to that part of my Invention relating to distillation and
surface condensation, into a casing of any convenient form I insert rows
of flattened or other shaped tubes at suitable distances apart, the ends of
which are covered with a cellular cap or caps. The spaces between the
caps and the ends of the tubes are divided into chambers by divisional
strips so arranged that a communication is formed between the ends of
the several rows of tubes alternately throughout the entire series for the
passage of the vapors or products from the various still heads in distil-
lation instead of the worms or other appliances in use at present. The 3
vapors are passed through the tubes, whilst the cooling liquid is caused
to circulate around the spaces between the tubes by pumps or otherwise,

page_text: or vice versa, the vapor in the spaces between the
liquid inside the tubes.
tubes and the cooming
This same apparatus or modifications thereof I use for surface con-
densation, also for cooling or heating fluids, air, or gases.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 shew the improved mode of attaching tubes to side
plates; Figure 1 is in section, shewing rivetting; Figure 2 shews
soldering and brazing; Figure 3, transverse section of tubes; a, a, a, side
plate; b, b, b, tubes; c, c, c, sockets into which tubes are soldered or
brazed before attachment to side plates.
Figures 4 and 5, refrigerator shewing tubes fixed at an angle with the
bottom and openings at the ends of tubes alternately for passage of
liquids. Figure 4 is a transverse and Figure 5 a longitudinal section.
b, b, are the tubes; c, c, c, sockets into which tubes are fixed by soldering
or brazing; d, d, openings at alternate ends under tubes through which
the liquids flow from channel to channel.
Figures 6, 7, and 8, longitudinal and transverse sections of refrigerator
or apparatus for distillation and surface condensation, heating or cooling
fluids, air, or gases.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section; Figures 7 and 8, transverse sections
Figure 7 shewing round and Figure 8 flattened tubes. a, a, a, external
casing; b, b, b, tubes; c, c, cellular caps; d, d, d, divisional strips;
e, inlet to tubes; f, outlet from tubes; 9, 9, 9, inlet to casing; h, h, h, out-
let from casing.
The products of distillation or condensation enter at e, and traversing
in the direction of the arrows finally pass out at f, whilst the cooling
O fluid enters at 9, and circulating around the tubes escapes at h, or vice
versa.
Having now particularly ascertained and described the nature of my
said Invention, and the way in which the same is or may be carried into
effect or used, I may observe that I do not restrict myself to the precise
5 details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or refer

page_text: to, as many variations may be made without departure from the main
features or principles of my Invention, but that which I claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
Firstly. The improved mode of attachment of the tubes to side plates,
as herein-before described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
Drawings hereunto attached.
Secondly. The arrangement of tubes at an angle with the bottom of
apparatus whereby openings are formed at alternate ends of tubes for
the passage of liquids from channel to channel, as herein-before described
and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the Drawings appended.
Thirdly. The apparatus for distillation, surface condensation, heating,
or cooling fluids, air, or gases, as herein-before described and set forth in
Figures 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morton, have hereunto set 1
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
BORERT MORTON
ROBERT MORTON. (L.S.)