Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Bottles and other Hollow Glass Articles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Jan., 1850
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 15th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Bottles and other
Hollow Glass Articles.
I, HOWARD MATRAVERS ASHLEY, of Ferrybridge, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In my Specifications No. 3673 of 1889 and No. 3686 of 1889 I have described
apparatus for manufacturing bottles and other hollow glass articles. My present
invention relates to improvements in such apparatus whereby their construction is
simplified and their operation is rendered more efficient. These improvements, the
nature of which I am about to describe, relate partly to a single stationary machine
arranged for making one bottle at a time, and partly to a repeating machine
arranged so that the operations for making several bottles are being simultaneously
carried on in successive stages.
I shall first refer to those improvements which are applicable both to the single and
to the repeating machine.
In my previous Specifications above referred to I described a passage through the
axis and crank arm of the moulding apparatus for conveying air under pressure to
the tubular punch to effect the blowing of the bottle.
Instead of this, I conduct the air to the punch by a flexible pipe which allows of
the inversion of the apparatus, and in the repeating machine the flexible pipe is
connected to a sleeve which revolves with the table around a central air supply pipe.
Although I mention compressed air as being employed for blowing, it is to be under-
stood that steam may be used for that purpose. I provide a cylinder and piston
worked by steam or compressed air to open and close the jointed finishing mould,
and I provide a similar cylinder and piston to open and close the parison mould. In
order to make the interior of the neck of the bottle slightly taper, I employ a taper
punch for punching the parison, this punch working within a sleeve divided into
three or more segments within a casing so arranged that as the taper punch ascends
the sleeve is permitted to expand so as to give passage for the larger part of the
punch. This movement of the sleeve may be utilised for supply of grease to the
punch and to its face.
For certain kinds of bottles for which the mass of the parison is considerable, I
apply a second punching after the parison is inverted.
The apparatus above described is applied also to the repeating machine, to which,
besides, I apply the following improvements.
In the most simple form of the repeating machine, three sets of the moulding
apparatus are mounted on an intermittently revolving table, presenting the apparatus
at three successive points of the revolution of the table. In the first position, the
molten glass is supplied to the parison mould, the parison is punched by the ascent
of a table against the stem of the punch, this ascent being effected by the action of
the operator on a treadle. The mould being then inverted by hand, the parison mould
is withdrawn, the movement for inversion causing the piston to act on the mould for
this purpose. The parison is then paddled by the table moved by the treadle.
A frame which carries the treadle table and the finishing mould is then rocked by
a hand lever, moved by the operator, into such a position as to withdraw the treadle
table and to bring the open finishing mould centrally under the parison. By this
movement the piston is acted on so as to close the mould.
The bottle is then blown and the mould is opened and withdrawn. The bottle,
suspended by its neck in the neck mould, is then carried round by the revolution of
the table to the second position. On reaching this position the neck mould is opened
by the action of the same treadle as in the first position is employed for punching the
parison, and is held open by a catch. The neck mould being thus opened, the bottle

page_text: descends into a cage mounted on a lever so counterweighted that when the cage
receives the bottle, the lever makes a quarter turn in a vertical plane bringing the
bottle to a horizontal position in which position the body of the bottle is subjected to
a blast of air partly to cool it while the neck is heated by a gas jet. The bottle is
then removed from the cage, which reascends ready to receive a fresh bottle. The
moulding apparatus is now moved round to the third position, in which, the neck
mould being still held open by the catch, and the parison mould being also open, a
grease brush, moved by the same treadle lever as punches the parison in the first
position, makes a to and fro stroke greasing the exposed end of the punch and the
sleeve.
Immediately after greasing, the catch holding the neck mould open is released by
the onward movement of the table, and the neck mould is closed by a spring. The
table in revolving towards the first position brings a cam on the axis of the moulding
apparatus into contact with a stationary spring, whereby the apparatus is inverted
without shock, and by the movement of inversion the piston is made to act so as to
close the parison mould ready to receive a fresh charge of glass in the first position.
Instead of the three stages of operation with the repeating machine as described above,
I sometimes use a greater number, so as to give time for the parison mould to cool
before receiving a fresh supply of glass.
Sometimes also, when four or more stages are employed, I effect the punching of
the parison by an action similar to that described in my previous Specification
No. 3686 of 1889, that is to say by causing a rod attached to the punch to pass along
a stationary incline as the table revolves, after which the moulding apparatus may be
reinverted by a cam and spring as above described.
Dated this 3rd day of January 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applican
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Manufacturing Bottles and other
Hollow Glass Articles.
I, HOWARD MATRAVERS ASHLEY, of Ferrybridge, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In my Specifications No. 3673 of 1889 and No, 3686 of 1889 I have described
apparatus for manufacturing bottles and other hollow glass articles. My present
invention relates to improvements in such apparatus whereby their construction is
simplified and their operation is rendered more efficient. These improvements, the
nature of which I am about to describe, relate partly to a single stationary machine
arranged for making one bottle at a time, and partly to a repeating machine arranged
so that the operations for making several bottles are being simultaneously carried on
in successive stages.
I shall first refer to these improvements which are applicable both to the single and
to the repeating machine.
In my previous Specifications above referred to I described a passage through the
axis and crank arm of the moulding apparatus for conveying air under pressure to
the tubular punch to effect the blowing of the bottle.
Instead of this, 1 conduct the air to the punch by a flexible pipe which allows of
the inversion of the apparatus, and in the repeating machine the flexible pipe is
connected to a sleeve which revolves with the table around a central air supply pipe.
Although 1 mention compressed air as being employed for blowing, it is to be under-
stood that steam may be used for that purpose. I provide a cylinder and piston
worked by steam or compressed air to open and close the jointed finishing mould, and
I provide a similar cylinder and piston to open and close the parison mould. In order
to make the interior of the neck of the bottle slightly taper Ì employ a taper punch

page_text: for punching the parison, this punch working within a sleeve divided into three or
more segments within a casing so arranged that as the taper punch ascends the sleeve
is permitted to expand so as to give passage for the larger part of the punch. This
movement of the sleeve may be utilised for supply of grease to the punch and to
its face.
For certain kinds of bottles for which the mass of the parison is considerable I
apply a second punching after the parison is inverted. The apparatus above described
is applied also to the repeating machine, to which, besides, I apply the following
improvements.
In the most simple form of the repeating machine, three sets of the moulding
apparatus are mounted on an intermittently revolving table, presenting the apparatus
at three successive points of the revolution of the table. In the first position, the
molten glass is supplied to the parison mould, the parison is punched by the ascent of
a table against the stem of the punch, this ascent being effected by the action of the
operator on a treadle. The mould being then inverted by hand, the parison mould
is withdrawn, the movement for inversion causing the piston to act on the mould for
this purpose. The parison is then paddled by the table inoved by the treadle.
A frame which carries the treadle table and the finishing mould is then rocked by
a hand lever, moved by the operator, into such a position as to withdraw the treadle
table and to bring the open finishing mould centrally under the parison. By this
movement the piston is acted on so as to close the mould.
The bottle is then blown and the mould is opened and withdrawn. The bottle,
suspended by its neck in the neck mould, is then carried round by the revolution of
the table to the second position. On reaching this position the neck mould is opened
by the action of a treadle, and is held open by a catch. The neck mould being thus
opened, the bottle descends into a cage mounted on a lever so counterweighted that
when the cage receives the bottle, the lever makes a quarter turn in a vertical plane
bringing the bottle to a horizontal position in which position the body of the bottle
is subjected to a blast of air partly to cool it while the neck is heated by a gas jet.
The bottle is then removed from the cage, which reascends ready to receive a fresh
bottle. The moulding apparatus is now moved round to the third position, in which,
the neck mould being still held open by the catch, and the parison mould being also
open, a grease brush, moved by a treadle, makes a to and fro stroke, greasing the
exposed end of the puncli and the sleeve.
Immediately after greasing, the catch holding the neck mould open is released by
the onward movement of the table, and the neck mould is closed by a spring. The
table in revolving towards the first position brings a cam on the axis of the moulding
apparatus into contact with a stationary spring, whereby the apparatus is inverted
without shock, and by the movement of inversion the piston is made to act so as to
close the parison mould ready to receive a fresh charge of glass in the first position.
Instead of the three stages of operation with the repeating machine as described
above, I sometimes use a greater number, so as to give time for the parison mould to
cool before receiving a fresh supply of glass.
The accompanying drawings shew the improvements above mentioned applied to a
repeating machine, but it may be readily understood that the arrangements for
opening and closing the moulds are applicable to a single machine.
Fig. 1 is a side view and Fig. 2 is a front view of the whole moulding apparatus
when it is in the first position as shewn at C¹ in Fig, 3 which is a plan; Fig. 1 shewing
also the greasing apparatus of the third position (³.
The Figures 1 and 2 correspond with Figs. and 2 of the drawings annexed to my
previous Specification No. 11,288 of 1889 and they are repeated among the drawings
annexed to my present Specification in order that I may describe with reference to
them the means according to my present invention of opening and closing the parison
mould c.
Fig. 1 is a side view and Fig. 2ª a front view of a modified arrangement of
the lower part of the moulding apparatus, in which a piston worked by steam or
compressed air is employed to open and close the finishing mould.

page_text: Fig. 1º is a side view partly in section Fig. 2b is a front view and Fig. 3b a plan
shewing a modified arrangement of the upper part with a single cylinder and piston
for opening and closing the three parison moulds successively.
Fig. 4 is a section to an enlarged scale shewing the nipple arranged for passage of
a taper punch.
Fig. 5 is a side view shewing the apparatus for delivering the finished bottles.
Fig. 6 is a plan and a part section shewing the appliance for automatically turning
over the upper moulding apparatus as it passes from the position C³ to C'.
In all the figures the same reference letters are as far as possible employed to
indicate corresponding parts.
Referring first to Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
A is the base and column carrying the revolving table B on which are mounted at
equal intervals three sets of the moulding apparatus C, each of which, as indicated in
Fig. 3, takes the successive positions (C² (3. Assuming that at C¹ molten glass has
been introduced into the parison mould c which is at that time closed and standing
with its mouth upwards, then the lower part of the apparatus is brought into action as
described in the Specification No. 11,288 of 1889.
According to the modification shewn in 1ª and 2ª the rocking frame D carries a
cylinder D¹ having its slide jacket supplied with compressed air or steam either by a
flexible tube allowing for the rocking of the frame or by a pipe de conveying the fluid
to a tubular trunnion d. By means of a hand lever d' the operator can shift the slide
valve of the cylinder D¹ so that the fluid pressure causes the piston of D to descend
closing the sides of the finishing mould and at the same time, by means of a lever do,
raising the bottom of the finishing mould. When the bottle is blown, the slide valve
is moved back by the lever d', and the piston of D' rises opening the sides of the
finishing mould and lowering its bottom.
Referring again to Figs. I and 2, the upper part of the apparatus shewn in those
figures is arranged for opening and closing the parison mould c by means of a piston
working in a cylinder e³ and having its rod linked to the arms that carry the halves of
the parison mould c. The slide jacket of this cylinder is connected by a flexible pipe
to a branch from a packed sleeve b which along with the revolving table B can turn
round the stationary pipe a supplied with air under pressure. To the same sleeve bis
connected the tubular plunger P, through a valve or cock, on opening which com-
pressed air passes from the pipe a into the interior of the parison for blowing the glass.
The compressed air supplied from a to the slide jacket of the cylinder c can by the
movement of the slide valve cause the piston in c³ either to descend closing together
the parison mould c as shewn, or to ascend opening the two halves of the parison
mould c widely apart. Instead of moving the slide valve of c3 by hand its movement
may be effected by the turning of the moulding apparatus C around its axis c'. For
this purpose the slide valve rod of c³ is engaged in a groove of a stationary eccentric
or cam c, so that on turning the moulding apparatus half round by hand applied
to the handle the slide valve of c³ becomes shifted causing the piston of c to make
its up and down stroke and thereby to open and close the parison mould c. Although
this mould is shewn as being closed in Fig. 2 it is to be understood that when the
moulding apparatus C is in this position the piston of c³ will have ascended opening
the parison mould c and that on turning the moulding apparatus half round so that
the parison mould is presented with its mouth upwards, it is then closed ready to
receive the molten glass. It is when the parison mould is in this condition that the
plunger P which is then presented downwards is pushed up by the paddling plate E
to form the cavity in the plastic glass contained in the parison mould. After inverting
and opening the parison mould, the plunger P being then presented upwards as shewn
in Fig. 1 it is of advantage again to push the punching end of the plunger P into
the neck of the glass parison. For this purpose a spring lever p is mounted on a
bracket projecting from the stationary pipe a, and the operator by pulling down this
lever pushes down the plunger. On his letting go the lever p, it and the plunger P
are urged up again by their respective springs.
Instead of providing each of the three moulding apparatus with its own

page_text: In the
cylinder c³, a single cylinder which may be supplied with steam, can be made to
serve for the three moulding apparatus, as shewn by Figs. 1b 2b and 3. In this
case a cylinder ³ is fixed overhead immediately over the moulding apparatus when it
is in the position C¹. A rod c³ drawn downwards by a spring is linked as shewn in
Fig. 2 to the arms c to which the halves c of the parison mould are jointed
lower end of the rod c is a spring stud which engages in a sloping semicircular
eccentric groove
in the face of the stationary disc c', in which face there is also an
inner semicircular concentric groove e leading at its upper end to a straight vertical
groove el which meets the top of the groove 8; the grooves c³ care of the same
depth as the lower end of c³, the upper end of which is deeper. The piston rod c" of
the cylinder e terminates with a hook end, which as shewn in Fig. 1' can engage
under a hook end of the rod c³. The slide valve of the cylinder e³ can be moved by
hand applied to a spring lever so arranged that, in obedience to the spring, the slide
valve is always in such a position that the piston rod c is down, and it is only when
the lever is moved in opposition to the spring that the piston rod is up in the position
shewn in Fig. 1, the stud e' having then sprung into the deepest part of the groove c.
On now turning the moulding apparatus round its axis c¹ the stud c travels along the
eccentric groove e gradually closing together the arins c and the halves of the parison
mould which are jointed to them. When the moulding apparatus is turned half round,
the stud e escapes from the groove es into the groove e completely closing together
the halves of the parison mould which is then in condition to receive its charge of
glass. On now turning the moulding apparatus back the stud c7 follows the concentric
groove keeping the parison mould closed, and when the stud c' reaches the top of the
groove e, being then at the bottom of the vertical groove c¹0, and the hook of the
piston rod c being just under that of the rod c. the operator causes the piston rod cl
to ascend drawing up the rod c and thereby opening the parison mould which has its
mouth now presented downwards. When by this movement the stud creaches the
top of the groove c it springs into the deep upper part of the groove c³ in position
for a repetition of the movements above described.
I have already mentioned that the plunger P has to be thrust into the plastic
glass in the neck mould c¹ and the parison mould c. Fig. 4 is a section to an enlarged
scale shewing how the taper end p of the plunger P can pass through the nipple p².
This nipple is made in 3 or more segments each hinged to a sleeve p³ which has a
rapid screw thread cut on it and can be turned by a handle pt. All these parts are
accommodated within a hollow boss p which in its upper part has an internal screw
thread fitting p³; in its middle is a hollow in which the segments p² have room to
expand, and at its lower end a groove pe to receive the halves c¹ of the neck mould.
At the time when the plastic glass is introduced into the parison mould, p' and p² are
in the position shewn in Fig. 4 relatively to one another but are upside down, with the
neck mould c¹ fitted on po and the closed parison mould c fitted on the neck mould c².
At this time the taper end p' of the plunger P has to be pushed into the plastic glass.
In order to admit of its passing through the nipple, the operator by means of the
handle p turns the sleeve p³ partly round unscrewing it so that the segments p² are
retracted into the cavity of the boss ps in which they are free to spread apart as the
taper punch pl passes through them.
After the bottle has been blown, it is carried suspended from the neck mould by
the upper moulding apparatus C moved round from the position C¹ to the position C³
where it is to be freed from the neck mould c¹. This is effected in the following
manner. By depressing a treadle N (Fig. 3) the operator raises a rod n (Figs. 1", 2", 3")
the upper end n of which is wedge shaped so as to enter and spread apart two pivotted
jaws n to which the two halves c of the neck mould are jointed as shewn more
clearly in Figure 3. On releasing the treadle N the rod n descends allowing
springs to close the neck mould again.
The released bottle may be received on a palette and carried away to the annealing
oven. In many cases however it is desirable to cool to some extent the body of the
bottle and heat the neck, for which purpose I provide at the position (apparatus

page_text: such as is shewn in Figure 5. On a bracket TI pivot a bent lever t, one arm of which
carries the axis of a cage t¹ in a position immediately under the bottle as it is about to
be delivered by the opening of the neck mould c. The other arm of the lever t
carries a counterweight adjusted so as to hold the lever against a suitable stop with
the empty case t¹ in an upright attitude; but when the bottle drops into the cage, the
additional weight causes the cage to descend as indicated by the dotted lines t²
bringing the bottle to a horizontal attitude. While the bottle is in this position the
cage can be caused to revolve by the friction of its rim bearing on a revolving
wheel, while the bottle neck is presented to a gas flame 14 and at the same
time a current of cold air can be directed against the cage and body of the
bottle.
The bottle having been removed, the upper moulding apparatus C is now moved
round to the position 03. As the rod n approaches this position it moves along the
inclined edge of a bracket g and is thus pushed up opening the neck mould
and leaving the face of the boss p, the segmental sleeve p² and the punch p¹
exposed as shewn in Figure 4 and as indicated on the left hand of Figure 1. When
things are in this condition, the operator depresses a treadle G (Figure 3) and
thereby raises a rod g', the upper end of which is a toothed rack gearing
with a pinion g². On the axis of this pinion is fixed an armi g³ carrying a brush g
which receives grease from a grease pot g, and is made by the depression of the
treadle G to pass over 16 greasing the face which is to form the bottom of the parison
mould when it receives the next charge of glass.
The greasing having been thus effected, the upper moulding apparatus passes round
to the position C¹ but in passing from 3 to C¹ it is inverted by the apparatus shewn
in Figure 6. On the axis c of the upper moulding apparatus C is fixed a crank
arm which in passing under a bent spring e fixed to the under side of the stationary
upper table, is caught by the bent end of the spring and is caused to turn half round,
thus inverting the moulding apparatus C which is fixed on the same axis c¹.
Although have described a repeating machine having the upper part C of the
moulding apparatus carried round with the revolving table B to the three succes-
sive positions CO2 and C³, the lower part D of the apparatus remaining always
in the one position C', it is obvious that the upper part C might always remain
in the position and that the chief parts of the operation could be carried on in that
position, in which case the machine would become a single machine, with no material
alteration of details except that the standard A and table B might be of more simple
construction as no turning of the table would be required, and that the turning of the
upper moulding apparatus C on its axis c¹ the opening of the neck mould and the
greasing of the nipple might be effected by hand.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
I claim the following improvements in apparatus for inanufacturing bottles and
other hollow glass articles :-
1. The closing and opening of the finishing mould by the movement of a piston
subject to fluid pressure in a cylinder D' carried by the rocking frame D substantially
as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2".
2. The closing and opening of the parison mould by the movement of a piston
subject to fluid pressure in the cylinder c³ carried by the inverting frame of the
upper moulding apparatus substantially as described with reference to Figures 1
and 2.
3. The modified arrangement for opening and closing the three parison moulds
successively by the action of a single stationary cylinder and piston, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3".
4. The apparatus consisting of the treadle N, and its lever, the wedge ended rod n
and the spring jaws n' for opening and closing the neck mould substantially as
described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3".

page_text: 5. The combination of the taper punch p', the segments p², the screw sleeve p³
and the screwed hollow boss p substantially as
described with reference to
Figure 4.
6. The combination of the loaded lever t, cage t¹ and friction wheel t³ substantially
as and for the purpose set forth with reference to Figure 5.
7. The greasing apparatus consisting of the treadle G and its lever, the rack rod g',
pinion g² and brush in combination with the inclined bracket g, and the opening
gear of the neck mould, substantially as described with reference to Figure. 1.
Dated this 14th day of October 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.