matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CLEARING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, MERINO, OR ANY OTHER MATERIEL OF A LIKE NATURE AND PREVENTING WASTE OF SUCH MATERIEL; ALSO TO ALTER THE CLEARER TO ANY GUAGE AND TO OPERATE UPON ANY NUMBER OF CLEARERS AT THE SAME TIME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ward and William
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th December 1873.
We, SAMUEL WARD, of No. 2, North Street, in the Parish of Sneinton,..
in the County of Nottingham, Mechanic, and WILLIAM ROBINSON, of
No. 21, Southwell Road, in the Town of Nottingham, Licenced
Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CLEARING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, MERINO, OR ANY OTHER MATERIEL OF A LIKE
NATURE AND PREVENTING WASTE OF SUCH MATERIEL; ALSO TO ALTER THE CLEARER
TO ANY GUAGE AND TO OPERATE UPON ANY NUMBER OF CLEARERS AT THE SAME TIME,"
to be as follows:-
The present method of winding silk or other materiel is as follows:-
The materiel to be wound is placed upon a swift or large bobbin or other
suitable apparatus attached or connected to a winding engine. After
being thus placed one end of the materiel is passed through a piece of
machinery called a clearer, and wound from thence on a bobbin. The
materiel is passed through this clearer for the purpose of being separated
from burs, irregular thicknesses, and dirt, before reaching the bobbin last
mentioned.

page_text: The ordinary clearer consits of a piece of iron or steel with a slit or
opening in the center wide enough to permit all guages of silk or other
materiel to pass through, and allowing dirt and a quantity of burs to
escape through without being sufficiently cleared.
Our Invention proposes to clear away the dirt and burs more effectually
by regulating the clearer to any guage.
In working with the ordinary clearer, when burs are encountered, the
winder, to save trouble, frequently raises the threads over the top of the
clearer, which is open, and it is thus passed on to the next bobbin or
process uncleaned, and not in a fit state for use in manufacture, which
causes waste.
Our Invention, which is also called a clearer, is adapted to suit any
guage, and is enclosed within two iron plates, one at the back and one
at the front, each having a hole in the center to admit the materiel
passing through, and also each plate having an angular slit or nick in
contrary directions, which prevents the workpeople from throwing out
the threads, but compels the materiel to be cleared, according to the
guage, before passing to the next process, thereby avoiding considerable
waste; and by means of a bar of iron to be attached or connected to the
clearers when required, any number of clearers can be operated upon at
one and the same time.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR PROCESS OF CASTING METALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stroudley and Dugald
Drummond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st January 1873.
We, WILLIAM STROUDLEY, and DUGALD DRUMMOND, both of Brighton,
in the County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR PROCESS OF CASTING
METALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object the production of solid dense sound
castings in metal, free from "blow holes," bubbles, or such like similar
flaws, and is more particularly applicable to the production of copper tubes
for feed pipes, flues for locomotive and other boilers, also for calico and
other printing rollers, guns, bells, and other large castings, and may be
employed with advantage in the production of castings in metals of all
descriptions.
The improvement consists in exhausting the moulds or matrice when
formed, and also their cores when present and ready for the reception of
molten metal of all or nearly all air or gas, by means of an air pump or
other equivalent in the manner following. The interior of the mould

page_text: when prepared to receive the metal is connected to the condensor of an
ordinary condensing steam engine (or other air exhauster), by means of
a pipe provided with a valve, stop-cock, or tap, so that when it is desired
to run the molten metal into the mould, the stop-cock or tap in the pipe
before mentioned is opened so as to form a direct communication with
the mould and the exhauster; the simultaneous opening of the tap, with
the pouring or running in of the metal, causes the air in the mould, or
gas, or vapours, given off or generated therein, to be at once withdrawn
or partially withdrawn and passed into the condensor, thus enabling the
casting to be produced with uniform solidity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PRODUCTS OF ANILINE AND MATTERS FROM WHICH ́ANILINE IS OR MAY BE DERIVED, SUITABLE TO BE USED IN DYEING AND PRINTING, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF COLOURING MATTERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oasthelaz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1878.
I, JOHN CASTHELAZ, of the Crumpall Vale Chemical Works, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF PRODUCTS OF ANILINE AND MATTERS FROM WHICH´ANILINE IS OR
MAY BE DERIVED, SUITABLE TO BE USED IN DYEING AND PRINTING, AND IN THE
PREPARATION OF COLOURING MATTERS," to be as follows :—
I dissolve aniline in an excess of sulphuric acid, and I add to the
solution bichromate of potash or other oxydising agent.
In some cases the rise in temperature is sufficient to effect the object
of my Invention, but it will generally be advisable or necessary to
maintain the mixture at a temperature, say for example 212° to 300°
Fahrenheit, until the reduction is completed, the temperature suitable in
each case varying according to the selection of reagents and the pro-

page_text: I also obtain a product having the same, tinctorial properties as the
product herein-before referred to by treating nitro-benzine with a
reducing agent, such for example as powdered zinc with the aid of
concentrated sulphuric acid and heat.
The within-named product may serve as a base from which other
useful products or colouring matters may be derived.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS FOR USE IN STREET LAMPS, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND ALL PLACES WHERE GAS IS CONSUMED
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Campbell and
.
John William Parker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th July 1873.
We, WILLIAM RICHARD CAMPBELL, of No. 4, Clifton Cottages,
Clifton Road, Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Clerk, and
JOHN WILLIAM PARKER, of 10, Sumnerhill Terrace, Wood Green,
in the County of Middlesex, Brassfinisher, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS FOR USE IN
STREET LAMPS, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND ALL PLACES WHERE GAS IS
CONSUMED," to be as follows:-
-
The burner contains a small valve which rises and falls by means
of the gas acting direct upon the aforesaid valve. The valve is hollow,
having a circular top with four semicircular, four flat sides, and four
port holes or gas ways at the bottom or large part of the valve.
The object of the semicircular sides is to ensure the easy working
of the valve against the inside of the bottom part of the burner, and
which also keeps the valve in an upright position when down on the
shelf. The flat sides and port holes admit of a larger volume of gas

page_text: at a low pressure, the port holes also answer the purpose of legs or
supports which when down on the shelf or bottom part of the burner
keeps the valve perfectly level. The inside opening of the burner
being the largest when the valve is down on the shelf admits a
larger quantity of gas at a low pressure; when the pressure is high
it instantly acts upon the valve which has a smaller aperture at the
top or circular part, thereby rising and partially covering the larger
opening in the inside of the burner. The valve when up reduces
the flow of gas into the burner, and as the pressure of gas decreases
the valve gradually drops into its former position on the shelf or bottom
part of the burner.
What we consider novel in this Invention is the direct self-acting
regulating valve which rises and falls by means of the gas acting
upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gavin Rowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1873.
I, GAVIN ROWE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manager to the Glasgow and Paisley Weaving Company, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the production of certain ornamental
weaving effects by simpler and more economical means than have
hitherto been employed for similar purposes; and it consists in com-
bining the effect produced by stripes or checks of different colors with a
"diamond-shaped" figure due to a twilling action produced by peculiar
modes of connecting and treading four simple leaves of heddles or healds,
and of correspondingly entering the warp threads through the heddles.
The heddle leaves being distinguished by the letters A, B, C, D, and
four treadles by the letters W, X, Y, Z; treadle W is connected so as
to raise leaves A, B; treadle X to raise leaves C, D; treadle Y to raise
leaves B, C; and treadle Z to raise leaves A, D. An even number of
warp threads are taken for a repeat of the pattern, and are entered

page_text: through the heddles, one half in what may be termed the forward order,
and the other half in the reverse order, that is, thread 1 through A,
2 through B, 3 through C, 4 through D, 5 through A, 6 through B,
and so on; but if the last thread of the first half ends with D, the first
thread of the second half must begin with C; or if it is C, B, or A,
instead of D, then the first thread of the second half must begin with
B, A, or D, respectively. The second half of the threads must continue
to be threaded in a reversed order, for example, 13 through C,
14 through B, 15 through A, 16 through D, 17 through C, and so
on. This mode of entering is of course repeated across the fabric or
across any portions of it where the "diamond" is to appear.
The treadles are actuated in a corresponding manner, one half the
number of wefts in a repeat of the pattern lengthways, having the
treadles actuated in a certain order, and the other half having them
actuated in a reverse or inverted order. Thus, for example, in the case
wherein a repeat of the pattern comprises twenty-four threads, the
treadles are actuated in the order of the numbers placed on the same
lines as their distinguishing letters, as follows:-
A NEW METHOD OF FIXING A RESERVED RUDDER (IN CASE OF LOSS OF THE ORIGINAL ONE DURING A GALE OR FROM ANY OTHER CAUSE) WITH VERY LITTLE DELAY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Quintavalle and William
Thomas Cassel Pratt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th January 1873.
We, ROBERT QUINTAVALLE, Shipbroker, and WILLIAM THOMAS
CASSEL PRATT, both of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF
FIXING A RESERVED RUDDER (IN CASE OF LOSS OF THE ORIGINAL ONE DURING A
GALE OR FROM ANY OTHER CAUSE) WITH VERY LITTLE DELAY," to be as
follows:-
According to this Invention a rudder is made one-third wider than tho
original one, with a centre solid piece from the head to the foot increased
in width in proportion. The hinder part of the rudder is hollow, and
also the front. At the lower part of the rudder are fixed rollers with
lateral eyes working in strong pins supported by means of iron or brass
work which embrace the body of the rudder, and near to the hinder part
are two eyes properly fixed. On the head of the rudder is attached a
strong eye and two bands, one with lateral cyes and lateral arms with a
square band for steering or moving the rudder over.

page_text: Upon the vessel's keel and at foot of stern post is a solid plate each
side terminating at the angle with strong horizontal eyes as also at the
top part of stern post. At the top of stern a circular guiding bar is
fixed at will in two iron sockets previously fixed in the woodwork of the
ship; a small line is passed through the eyes fastened to the stern post
with both its ends on deck in readiness for use. The said line can at any
time be passed through the eyes and with a large rope with about 2
feet of chain fixed on the end. The other ends of the rope are passed
through the hawse pipe on the quarter of the ship, the chain end of the
rope being fastened to the rudder by four eyes.
Two small rope ends lead from the deck to the two eyes, and the
tackle from a mast to the head of the rudder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolph Kux, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
GENERATORS."
ג
Sealed the 8th July 1873, and dated the 5th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolph Kux at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1873.
I, ADOLPH Kux, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said, Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved construction of steam generators
shewn on the accompanying Drawings, whereby the heat generated by
the combustion of the fuel is most effectually absorbed and utilized for

page_text: 3. A part 0, E, D, similar in construction to a vortical tubular boiler.
Those parts are connected to and operate in combination with each other
in the following manner :—
The Cornish boiler X is connected to the part E of the tubular boiler
either by an aperturo at A, as in Figures I. and II., or by a tube A', as 1
in Figuro III., and the heater Y is connected to the part 0 of the
tubular boiler by a tube B and to the bottom of the part X by a tubo F.
The aperture or tube A or A' establishes a communication between both
the water and the steam spaces of the parts X and E, while the tubes B
and F establish a communication between the water space only of the 1
parts X and O through the food water heater Y. The vertical tubular
boiler consists of the lower water space C connected to the upper water
and steam space E by the water tubes D.
The three Figures I., II., and III., show three different modifications
of the above combined parts. Figure III. shows how an ordinary 20
Cornish or Lancashire boiler may be adapted to this combination by
connecting it to the part E by the tube A'.
The flames and hot gases from the furnace at Z (not shown on the
Drawing) pass first through the flues K of the Cornish boiler X, and
issue thence among the tubes D of the tubular boiler, whence they pass 26
through external return flues formed in the brickwork or casing
surrounding tho parts X and C, D, E, and finally they escape through
a fluo surrounding the feed water heater Y to the chimney.
A rapid circulation of the water takes place through the three parts of
the combined boiler in the direction indicated by tho arrows in Figure I., 80
whereby à rapid generation of steam will be effected, while any sediment
will bo deposited in the feed water heater Y.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, OR OTHER ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Olive Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1873.
I, WALTER OLIVE PALMER, of Clapham Road, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, OR OTHER ROLLING
STOCK," to be as follows:-
I propose to combine wheels and axle in such wise that the wheels
shall be quite independent of each other and free to revolve in opposite
directions when desirable. For example, in turning sharp curves on
railways, here the outer rail being much longer than the inner one, it
follows that the outer wheel should travel proportionately faster than
the inner one; now where both wheels are keyed on the same axle, and
thus dependent upon each other, they necessarily skid and slide over
the rails instead of treading them as they should do, whereas where my
Invention is adopted, the inner wheel being free to rotate independently
of the outer one, they will both adapt their revolutions to the require-
ments of the curve over which they are travelling, the result being
greater safety, less vibration of the carriages, therefore casier travelling,

page_text: and as there will be little or no sliding on the rails and fewer lateral
shocks a great saving in the wear and tear of both rails and rolling
stock.
My Invention will be found equally applicable to vans and other
vehicles running upon ordinary roads.
On the accompanying sheet of Drawing Fig. 1 represents in sectional
elevation wheels and axle embodying my Invention; and Fig. 2 is a
cross section at a, b, Fig. 1.
A indicates the axle; B, B', the wheels; 0, 0', elongated bosses or
hollow shafts attached to or of one pieco with the wheels; D, D',
bearings or bushes for shafts C, O'; E, E, bearings for carriage or car;
F, F, cotters to secure bearings on the ends of axle A,
E
It will be seen that the wheel B, with its boss or shaft C, rotates on
the bearings D quite independently of the wheel B', which rotates on
the bearings D', the axle A not rovolving but simply acting as support 1
to the entire arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTIBLE SCHOOL DESKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Caleb Whittenbury and
James Caleb Whittenbury, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st January 1873.
We, JAMES CALEB WHITTENBURY, and JAMES CALEB WHITTENBURY,
junior, both of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTIBLE SCHOOL
DESKS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved school desk the top of which is
hinged so that the desk may be readily converted into a backed seât or
used as a table at will.
The object of our Invention is to provide a cheap convertible school
desk and seat having a shelf under for slates and books without the use
of a quadrant action to secure the desk top in the desired position. The
desk top is fixed at each end upon a bracket hinged on the under side at a
point near the front of the desk top to the upper front corner of the
standard or upright on which the desk is supported, and may be
oscillated thereon for the purposes before-mentioned. The said brackets
are provided at each extremity with a lug having one or more holes,

page_text: through one or other of which a pin is passed into a corresponding hole
in the standard or upright in order to hold the desk top in the desired
position, whether as a table desk or back to a seat. Each standard or
upright is made with an opening at the upper part for the book shelf to
be passed through and supported therein, lugs being cast on said
uprights, to which the shelf is secured..
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING ALKALI WASTE IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buchanan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
March 1878.
I, JOHN BUCHANAN, of Hebburn, in the County of Durham, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING ALKALI WASTE IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:—
This Invention relates to a new mode of treating the bye-products
of the alkali manufactures known as "waste," so as whilst utilising
them in the formation of a valuable building material to completely get
rid of the nuisance hitherto attending their accumulation.
The Invention consists in combining the waste with sand, gravel,
rock, slag, waste glass, ashes, or other similar materials. The com-
bination is effected by grinding the materials together, the more
intimately the better, and the ground compound is then moulded into
bricks or blocks of any convenient form, or it may be used as a cement
or like mortar.

page_text: The ingredients may be mixed in various proportions, and there
should be about as much moisture present during the mixing as there
ordinarily is in the freshly produced waste. Very good results are
obtainable by mixing one part by measure of the waste with one part .
of the other ingredients. The waste may, however, be utilised in the 5
improved mode described not only immediately after its production, but
also after having lain for any length of time, and also after more or less
of its sulphur compounds have been separated by lixiviation.
Tho moulded materials are to be dried gradually, either at the ordinary
atmospheric temperature, or with the aid of a little heat in frosty 1
weather, and whilst drying they cohero and solidify so as to form
tenacious and rigid bricks or blocks of a superior quality, and well
suited for building purposes.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HECKLING FLAX AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry and John
Hopwood Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th October 1873.
We, GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JOHN HOPWOOD GIBSON, of Dundee, N.B., Flax Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HECKLING FLAX AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as
follows:-
In heckling machines of the ordinary construction it is customary to
use one catch bar to move the holders along the trough, and the action
of this catch bar is limited.
Now our Invention consists in the application of two catch bars to
the same trough, which act in succession on the holders and move them
to any required distance. Also in the application of sheets of finer
heckles in addition to the ordinary heckles; these finer heckles revolve-
at about the same speed as the descending strick of fibres and remain at
rest while the trough ascends, thereby combing out the knots and loose

page_text: fibres. Also in feeding two or more single or double strick holders at
one lift and causing them to travel along the trough, so that the stricks
in the first holder pass the first line of heckles and are operated upon by
the second or following line of heckles, and so on through the whole
width of the machine, thereby doubling the production.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHEWING THE AMOUNT OF MONEY TAKEN IN A GIVEN TIME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1873.
I, GEORGE HILL, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR SHEWING THE AMOUNT OF MONEY TAKEN IN A GIVEN TIME,"
to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of an axle supported by suitable bearings; one
end of the axle is passed through the centre of a dial of metal or other
material which is divided on the front side into seven rings of equal
width; each ring is marked with a certain number of divisions; the end
of the axle before named carries a hand which terminates over and
points to one of the divided rings on the dial; the other end of the axle
has a toothed wheel secured to it; the axle also supports six other toothed
wheels the arbors of which terminate in front of the dial and are each
provided with a hand which points to one or other of the divided rings;
six of the toothed wheels are racked one or more teeth by means of com

page_text: pound levers which are operated by pressing upon studs or disks
contiguous to the dial; the whole of the hands have the value of the
coins they are intended to represent marked upon them in plain figures;
the whole apparatus is contained in a case having the portion over the
dial glazed to shew the same.
IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AND FOR ATTRACTING AND ABSORBING THE NOXIOUS GASES ARISING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF COAL GAS USED IN CONNECTION WITH BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Blackor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1873.
I, DAVID BLACKER, of Thornhill Lees, near Wakefield, in the County
of York, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
CONDENSING AND FOR ATTRACTING AND ABSORBING THE NOXIOUS GASES ARISING FROM
THE COMBUSTION OF COAL GAS USED IN CONNECTION WITH BLAST FURNACES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to purify the hot gases arising from the
combustion of coal gas when used is blast furnaces before such gases are
allowed to pass from the chimney or chimneys to the atmosphere, to
accomplish which I employ a steam or water pipe or pipes, which may
be perforated along a portion of their length and placed within the flue
or flues, so as to discharge steam or a spray of water for condensing the
noxious gases; or an open vessel or vessels may be employed, placed
within the fluc or flues, between the furnace and the entrance to the
chimney.

page_text: The vessel or vessels are to be supplied with hydrochloric acid diluted
with water, or sulphuric acid diluted with water will effect the object by
attracting and absorbing the noxious gasses from the heated gases during
their passage from the furnace to the chimney; or the vessel or vessels
containing the diluted hydrochloric acid or diluted sulphuric acid may be
perforated and suspended within the flue or flues, so as to diffuse their
contents.
AN IMPROVED STAMP FOR MARKING OR STAMPING PAPER, LINEN, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bailey Sale and Alfred
Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th November 1873.
We, HENRY BAILEY SALE and ALFRED MARTIN, trading under the
Firm of Sale and Martin, at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engravers, do hereby declare the-nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED STAMP FOR MARKING OR STAMPING PAPER, LINEN, AND OTHER TEXTILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in a single apparatus a
simple arrangement of working parts, so that the linen or other textile
fabric requiring to be marked shall be operated upon quickly and with
certainty.
Our Invention is carried into effect in the following manner :-Upon
a plate of metal or wood, or other suitable material is fixed a percussion
marking lever in such manner that the frame which carries it is free to
rotate upon the plate or stand, upon which it is fixed to a certain
distance in either direction and no farther, the precise point of its
rotation in either direction being determined by a stop. Immediately

page_text: underneath one point of its rotation is placed the inking pad, into which
the marking type or design contained in the percussion lever aforesaid is
pressed, and underneath the other or opposite point of the frame's
rotation is the pad, upon which is placed the material to be marked, and
upon which the type or design contained in the said percussion lever is 5
then impressed, and the marking is complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CURLING THE BRIMS OF HATS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lees and George
Bruckshaw Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th July 1873.
We, THOMAS LEES, of Stockport, and GEORGE BRUCKSHAW WARD, of
Bredbury, both in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CURLING THE
BRIMS OF HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus to be used for curling the brims of
felt or silk hats, and consists principally in the use of an india-rubber
ring in combination with a block and a metal ring or matrix.
The metal ring or matrix, which is cut to the size and formed to the
curl required, is fixed to or placed on the frame of the machine, and the
wooden or other block, which is of a corresponding size or form, is
mounted that it can be raised up out of the way or brought down when
required by means of a lever or treadle. The india-rubber ring is
expanded and fitted round the edge of this block.
The brim of the hat having been cut to the proper size and form, and
being softened in the usual manner, the hat is reversed and placed in the

page_text: matrix with its brim resting on the metal ring. The block with the
india-rubber ring on its edge is now brought down on to the brim, so as
to hold it firmly, and the india-rubber ring is then rolled over the edge,
curling the brim of the hat round the edge of the metal ring or matrix,
and holding it firm in that position until set.
An IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR WARMING ROOMS, AND FOR OTHER HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brady at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th Sep-
tember 1873.
I, HENRY BRADY, of Bishopstoke, in the County of Hants, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “An
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR WARMING ROOMS, AND FOR OTHER
HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved construction of apparatus by
which rooms or buildings may be warmed by a combination of gas, hot
water, and steam, the said apparatus being also applicable to other
heating purposes.
The apparatus is composed of a cylindrical or other suitably shaped
casing of tin, copper, or other metal, in the lower part of which are one
or more burners for gas or oil. Above these burners the casing is
divided horizontally by a partition in which are openings to allow hot air
and products of combustion from the burners to pass up into a hot
chamber, or a coil or arrangement of pipes above the said partition.
From this hot air chamber or coil or arrangement of pipes a tube is

page_text: carried through the top or upper part of the casing, and is led to any
part or parts of the room or building where the heat radiated therefrom
may be useful and finally terminates in the open air or in a chimney.
Water is supplied from a cistern or otherwise to the casing above the
partition before mentioned so as to occupy about one half, more or less,
of the capacity of this part of the casing. This water becomes heated by
the gas and by the products of combustion in the hot chamber, steam
being thereby generated. This steam is likewise conducted by a pipe
through the top or upper part of the casing, and conveyed through any
desired part of the room or building before being finally conducted to the
open air; or the steam may be condensed and the hot water resulting
therefrom be returned to the tank or cistern from which the casing is
supplied.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that the gas and
products of combustion, the hot water and the steam, are all utilized for
heating the room or building, viz., the gas and products of com-
bustion by radiation from the tube which conveys them from the casing,
the hot water by radiation from the casing, and the steam by radiation
partly from the upper part of the casing, and partly from the pipe which
conveys it from the casing.
In some cases I provide the casing with one or more taps so as to allow
of hot water being drawn off for any purpose required.
And I also sometimes construct the casing so that cooking or other
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO PUMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip George Brunton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1878.
I, PHILIP GEORGE BRUNTON, of Leighton Orescent, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO PUMPS," to
be as follows :-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of compound expansive
oscillating engine with reversing gear, consisting of a high-pressure
cylinder having a circular valve plate cast on the side of it, through
which radial ports communicate with each end of the cylinder, and
of a low-pressure cylinder of similar construction to the high-pressure
cylinder with regard to the arrangement of its ports.
The cylinders oscillate upon trunnions which rest upon a pedestal
situate between the two cylinders and outside supports. The steam
passages being within the pedestal, the side valve plates of the cylinders
are maintained in contact with the faces of the pedestal by springs or
other suitable means,

page_text: The arrangement for reversing consists of a conical tumbler divided
into three compartments, one of which forms a passage for the steam
from the boiler, the second forms a passage communicating between the
two cylinders, and the third forms the exhaust passage.
The valve seats against which the circular valve plates of the cylinders &
oscillate are provided with radial ports corresponding to those in the
cylinders, such ports opening into the steam passages, giving ingress and
egress to the steam according to the position of the reversing tumbler.
The steam is admitted from the boiler into the steam inlet passage,
and passes thence into one end of the high-pressure cylinder, simul- 1
taneously allowing the steam from the other side of the piston to expand
through the passage communicating between the two cylinders into
the opposite end of the low-pressure cylinder, whence the steam finally
passes out into the exhaust passage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THEM
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fielding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1873.
I, JAMES FIELDING, of Blackley, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THEM," to
be as follows:-
-
In my improvements in the framework of the engine, tender, and in
cach of the carriages of a train a shaft is supported in suitable bearings,
and the several shafts are by couplings made to slide in or on the ends
of the shafts, and having one or more universal joints as a provision
for the oscillation of the carriage formed into one continuous shaft
throughout the train, capable of being turned in its bearings by ordinary
gearing attached to the tender or any carriage. On the shaft of each
carriage is fixed one or more eccentric wheels, segments of wheels, or
arms, and to them the brake blocks are connected by any ordinary
arrangement of rods and levers, so that when the shaft is turned to
cither side all the blocks are pressed against the wheels and a continuous
break effected.

page_text: For the more easy and efficient working of the brakes, and for
obtaining power to apply them instantly, the brake shaft may be.
worked by steam from the engine or any other part of the train, in
addition to or without the ordinary hand gear.
When it is desirable to give the engine driver control of the brakes a
steam engine cylinder with a piston and piston rod is fixed on or under
the tender in such a position that motion may be given to the break
shaft by a rack formed on the piston rod, or by racks in connection with
it and in gear with a toothed wheel or wheels on the brake shaft; or
when the cylinder is parallel with the shaft, in gear with a wheel
corresponding to the wheel on the brake shaft.
If it be desired to give steam power to the guard in charge of the
train a small portable engine and boiler may be fixed in the van and
used as before described.
The part of my Invention thus described may be readily applied to
the ordinary brake arrangements, or wheels or pulleys may be fixed on
the carriage axles, and brake blocks or friction clips connected with the
brake shaft as before described.
By this Invention the person in charge of a train may by the mere
turning of a handle gradually or instantly apply all the brake power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS OF CARRIAGES, CABS, CARTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to James Isaacks Sands, of' Okehampton, in the
County of Devon, for the Invention of" "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEELS OF CARRIAGES, CABS, CARTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
THE
Sealed the 24th March 1874, and dated the 26th September 1873.

page_text: In the case of vehicles having only two wheels such wheels, rings, or
annulus may be constructed of any required diameter, and the two
bearing wheels fixed on axles in such a manner as may be found
necessary to insure its safe and correct action, and being provided with a
groove to facilitate their revolving truly upon the surface of the ring or
tire hereafter mentioned, and also being double flanged wheels in order
to preclude the possibility of its deviating from the plane of its revolution
when in motion.
"
The characteristic feature of my Invention is that each such wheel
revolves within the large ring or tire upon the inner circumference of
which it rotates, such ring or annulus being about six feet more or less
in diameter, and having no fixed centre spoke or axle, but being held in
its position by two or more friction wheels or pullies fastened to the
body of the carriage so as to insure its safe and sure action. Upon the
vehicle being put in motion by any motive power, the friction of the
small bearing wheels revolving upon the inner circumference of such
ring or annulus, as before described, causes it to rotate, and by this
means the requisite amount of speed and power are thus simultaneously
obtained; a lever brake being fixed so that the driver may at all times
have command of the carriage to stop it at the shortest possible notice.
In the case of vehicles having two or more wheels, any of such wheels
might be used as circumstances required, but always as before described
as wheels or guides to keep the annulus or rings in their proper places
and action.
Another feature of my Invention is that any such wheel may be
utilised so as to act as a mileage index to indicate the distance the cab
or other vehicle may have travelled if circumstances should require its
adoption. Any of the friction wheels or pullies can be attached to the
usual indicator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETRICAL APPARATUS FOR CLINICAL AND OTHER USES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mayer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1873.
I, JOSEPH MAYER, of Great Portland Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETRICAL APPARATUS
FOR CLINICAL AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:
The object of the Invention is to at the same time afford protection to
the glass mercurial tube during carriage in the pocket or otherwise, and
also to give increased facility in manipulating with it. For this purpose
the outer case, of length sufficient to enclose the glass mercurial tube, is
provided with an internal tube or part tube with a male and female
screw or part screw between them, acted upon by the outer end of the
outer case, so that by turning one or the other part of the outer case the
internal tube or part tube will be moved in or out of the outer one
depending on the direction of rotation imparted. The outer case is also
formed with a several sided collar or ring around it, such that will
prevent rolling of the case, and the inner tube is formed with a slit and
spring clip at its outer end to receive and clip one end of the mercurial

page_text: tube, so that by turning one part of the outer case any desired portion of
the mercurial tube may be readily brought into view or withdrawn there-
from, and in the event of breakage or otherwise, the mecurial tube may
be readily removed and replaced without the necessity for the use of
cement for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Barcroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1873.
I, HENRY BARCROFT, of Newry, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable in cases wherein it is desirable to
convert a low pressure or condensing engine into a high-pressure
engine, as in converting a pair of low-pressure or condensing engines
into a compound engine for instance, or in any other case where it is
desirable to materially reduce the diameter of the cylinder, the object
of the Invention being to effect this conversion or reduction of diameter
of cylinder at a very great economy of cost.
Instead of removing the original cylinder with all its adjuncts, as
hitherto done in such cases, I propose to let them remain as before, and
to place within the cylinder a second cylinder or tube of the reduced
diameter required.
The space between the two cylinders may either be used as a steam

page_text: prevent the radiation of heat from the inner cylinder. All that now
remains to be done is to connect the steam ports of the old and new
cylinders by passages extending across the space between the two, and
to replace the piston by one of a reduced diameter corresponding with
the inner cylinder.
In cases wherein the length of the passages between the inner and
outer cylinders may be thought objectionable, the inner cylinder may
be placed so far excentric to the outer one that they touch upon the
side where the ports are, and thus the passage between the two is
reduced to a minimum; but this will not be so economical an arrange-
ment, as the original cylinder will have to be moved laterally so as to
bring the inner cylinder into the centre line, and the valve rod will
have to be cranked accordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Holden and William
Woodacre at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th October 1873.
We, RICHARD HOLDEN, Manager, and WILLIAM WOODACRE, Over-
looker, both of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for "backing" the warp
beam of looms for weaving, so as to take up the slack yarn caused by the
"shedding" or action of the healds.
At one side of the loom we attach a "bracking" lever, to one end of
which the ordinary rope or chain is secured, and thence passes around
the neck or "ruffle" of the warp beam, as usual. The other end of the
said lever is acted upon by means of a tappet or cam on the tappet shaft
of the loom. The other neck or "ruffle" of the warp beam is provided with
a rope or chain as usual, and the ends of such rope or chain are secured
to the ends of a balance lever supported by a bracket, and to which lever
springs are attached.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING THE ENDS OF LEATHER STRAPS OR BANDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1873.-A communication from abroad by Wilhelm
Künzli, of Höngg, near Zurich, Switzerland.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company, Patent
Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING THE ENDS OF LEATHER STRAPS OR BANDS," a
communication from abroad by Wilhelm Künzli, of Höngg, near Zurich,
Switzerland, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved method of joining together the
ends of leather straps or bands so as to present a flat surface at such
joint, and at the same time it will be found that leather straps or bands
joined according to this Invention will be very strong and pliable.
The means by which it is proposed to carry out this Invention is as
follows, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, which is
made to an enlarged scale :-

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a section of the two ends of the leather straps or
bands as they will appear before they are joined together; Figure 2, a
plan of the same; Figure 3 represents a section of the straps as they
will appear when joined together; Figure 4, a plan of the same, showing
the sewing of the two parts together according to the said Invention,
similar letters of reference being employed to denote corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
The end of one of the straps is bevelled as at A, Figure 1; the end of
the other strap is also bevelled as at B, a cut being made therein so as to
present an overlapping piece as at a, for the purpose hereafter described.
To join the two straps or ends together, the bevelled part A is inserted
between the bevelled part B and the overlapping piece a; the two said
bevelled parts are then made to adhere to each other by means of glue
or other suitable substance, and the whole sewn strongly together by
means of leather or other suitable material, as at b, c, Figure 4, after
which the joint is well pressed by suitable means, so as to present a flat
and pliable surface throughout, as shown at Figures 3 and 4.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINING BANDS FOR HATS AND CAPS, AND OF MATERIAL FOR THE USE OF UPHOLSTERERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitfield Thompson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th June 1873.
I, JOHN WHITFIELD THOMPSON, of Prestwich, in the County of
Lancaster, Salesman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINING BANDS FOR HATS AND CAPS,
AND OF MATERIAL FOR THE USE OF UPHOLSTERERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,” to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the lining bands of hats and caps,
ordinarily termed hat leathers, and has for its object to produce such
bands from a cheaper material than the leather usually employed in
their manufacture, and at the same time to retain to some extent the
appearance and durability of the leather bands. To this end I employ
in the manufacture of the said bands a combination of paper and cotton
or other woven fabric, the said paper being cemented to or united with
the said woven fabric or being formed thereon in the paper machine, the
paper constituting the back of the band and adding to its stiffness and
substance. I finish the face of the material so formed by means of
calendering or embossing rollers so as to obtain to some extent the

page_text: appearance of leather, the woven fabric having been dyed or stained a
suitable colour, and I make up the said material into bands to be used
as herein aforesaid, or I employ the said material for other purposes as
for example I may adapt the said material to the use of upholsterers.
When the paper and woven fabric are united by means of cement I
prefer to employ such a cement or substance or material for uniting
together the woven fabric and paper as will cause the finished bands to
be waterproof or waterproof to some extent, as for example, I may use a
solution of gutta percha or of caoutchouc or a solution or preparation of
shellac for the said purpose, or I may unite the two materials by means
of a thin sheet or tissue of gutta percha which is interposed between the
said two materials before they are passed between the heated calendering
or embossing rollers.