IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES FOR SOLIDIFYING LIQUID OR SEMILIQUID FATTY ACIDS, MINERAL VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL OILS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SAID OILS INTÓ FATTY ACIDS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges of the firm of Brydges & Co
Engineers and patent Solicitors of 107 Königgratzer Str: in the city of
Berlin and German Empire for an Invention of IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES
FOR SOLIDIFYING LIQUID OR SEMILIQUID FATTY ACIDS, MINERAL VEGETABLE
AND ANIMAL OILS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SAID OILS INTÓ
FATTY ACIDS communicated to him by Arthur Marix of Paris in the French
Republic
4
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1883..
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & C° Engineers & Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str in the City of Berlin and German Empire
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES FOR SOLIDIFYING LIQUID OR SEMI LIQUID FATTY
OF
ACIDS, MINERAL VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL OILS AND THE TRANSFORMATION
THE SAID OILS INTO FATTY ACIDS' a communication to me by Arthur Marix of
Paris in the French Republic
"
">
This invention relates to improvements in processes for solidifying liquid or semi
liquid fatty acids, mineral vegetable and animal oils and, also to the transformation
of the said mineral vegetable or animal oils into, fatty acids.
.
In searching for means for utilising the oleine obtained according to the process
patented by the Letters Patent granted to A. Marix under N° 2349 and dated
9th May 1883 and N° 2394 dated 11th May, 1883. I have- studied the various
processes, employed heretofore, for solidifying liquid fatty substances as well as for:
transforming the same into solid fatty acids but none of the processes known to.
me up to this day show any practical results.
The numerous experiments which I have made and especially those made for the
purpose of enabling me to utilize the oleine obtained by the aforementioned process
have, enabled me to perfect the processes known and to correct the errors in
defective processes.
Through a series of operations constituting a process composed of known and
unknown means of treating such said substances as abovementioned and which
form the basis of the present process, I have succeeded in obtaining the following
results...
A-The solidification and transformation not only of the oleine above named
but of all fatty acids with low melting points into solid fatty acids with very
high melting points..
B-The solidification and transformation of mineral, vegetable and animal oils
into solid fatty acids.

page_text: In order to carry my said process into effect I employ the following preliminary
treatment When fatty substances are used I commence by freeing the said fatty
bodies (oleine or fatty acids) of the acids which they may have taken up during
the manufacture
It inust be remarked that this first treatment is not necessary when fatty bodies
are employed which are obtained by processes when no acids are made use of and
specially such as are obtained by the patented process as mentioned above.
When mineral vegetable or animal oils are employed I first saponify the same
or give them a gelatinous consistance by employing processes already known.
Having thus purified the fatty substances or partially solidified the oil employed
I subject the same to the following treatment.
I-Eirst transformation-The material to be treated is introduced into a vessol
lined with lead, provided with a serpentine tube or coil for free steain and a
central tube ending in a system of injector nozzles for producing a strong
agitation by employing a suitable blower.-The temperature of the material is
raised to about 100° Centigrade after which the product is agitated or thoroughly
stirred by means of the air introduced through the injector nozzles and 8 to 10%
of the weight of the material in ordinary nitric acid or about 5° concentrated
nitric acid added in small quantities-The agitation of the mass and the
temperature of 100° is kept up for about an hour, after which the agitation is
continued and about 10% of the weight of the mass, starch or other product of
like nature added little by little in order to carbonise the material such as for
instance tragacanth gum. The agitation is continued for 2 hours during which
the temperature is raised to about 120° Centigrade and is then reduced to
about 70° Centigrade In this manner the first transformation of the material is
produced.
II. First washing-After this operation the material is washed until all trace of
acid has been eliminated.
III. Second transformation-After the material has been rendered neutral the
same is introduced into an apparatus provided with an agitating apparatus with a
like quantity in weight. of water strongly saturated with lime, caustic potassium,
ammoniac or other like matter. The temperature is now raised to 300° Centigrado
and this heat inaintained for about 4 hours-The employment of my com-
municators apparatus with automatic circulation working under a vacuum permits
me to work at a temperature of 160° and gives the best results. For this operation
the apparatus is lined with lead or tin or is galvanised with iridium and the tubes
ánd valves or cocks must be treated in a like manner.
IV. Second washing-This second transformation being completed the material
is again placed in a vessel provided with a suitable water jacket and allowed to
stand until the chemicals and water employed have settled to the bottom of the
vessol.
V-Acidification After the second washing about 1% of the weight of the
material, sulphuric acid of 66° strength is added and the entire mass thoroughly
agitated.
VI-The so acidified mass is now distilled for which purpose I prefer to employ
my communicators patented distilling apparatus which said apparatus works under
the influence of vacuum-The product of this distillation is white has a very high
melting point, gives when made up into candles a beautiful flame and can compete
with the stearine candles of first quality-The stearine like products, of the
mineral oils is of a comparatively weaker kind but when mixed with the oleine
products or treated direct with the oleine in suitable proportions it has a like bigh
melting point with stearic acid of the first quality. It is evident that my said
process can be modified in various ways without departing from the tenor of my
said invention.
'

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
"
by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Patent Office on the
13th February 1884.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & C° Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str in the City of Berlin and German Empire*
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR SOLIDIFYING LIQUID OR SEMI LIQUID FATTY.
ACIDS, MINERAL VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL OILS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF
THE SAID OILS INTO FATTY ACIDS a communication to me by Arthur Marix of
Paris in the French Republic
"A
d
:
This Invention relates to improvements in processes for solidifying liquid or
semi liquid fatty acids mineral vegetable and animal oils and also to the trans-
formation of the said mineral vegetable or animal oils into fatty acids.
In searching for means for utilising the oleine obtained according to the
process
described in the Letters Patent granted to me under N° 2559 dated 31st May 1882
and No 2349 dated 9th May 1883 I have studied the various processes employed
heretofore for solidifying liquid fatty substances as well as for transforming the
same into solid fatty acids, but none of the processes known to me up to this day
show any practical results.
"The numerous experiments which I have made and specially those made for the
purpose of enabling me to utilize the oleine obtained by my aforementioned
process have enabled me to perfect the processes known and to correct the errors in
defective processes.
;
'
Through a series of operations constituting a process composed of known and
unknown means of treating such said substances as abovementioned and which
form the basis of the present process I have succeeded in obtaining the following
results.
A The solidification and transformation not only of the oleine abovenamed but
of all 'fatty acids with low melting points into solid fatty acids with very high
melting points.
B-The solidification and transformation of mineral, vegetable and animal oils into
solid fatty acids.
In order to carry my said process into effect I employ the following preliminary
treatment
.
When fatty substances are used I commence by freeing the said fatty bodies
(oleine or fatty acids) of the acids which they may have taken up during the
manufacture
i
It must be remarked that this first treatment is not necessary when fatty bodies
are employed which are obtained by processes when no acids are made use of and
specially such as are obtained by my patented process as mentioned above
When mineral vegetable or animal oils are employed I first saponify the same or
give them a gelatinous consistence by employing processes already known
Having thus purified the fatty substances or partially solidified the oil employed
I subject the saine to the following treatment.
1. First transformation-The material to be treated is introduced into a vessel
lined with lead provided with a serpentine tube or coil for free steam and a central
tube ending in a system of injector nozzles for producing a strong agitation by
employing a suitable blower.
The temperature of the material is raised to about 100° Centigrade after which
the product is agitated or thoroughly stirred by means of the air introduced through
the injector nozzles and 8 to 10% of the weight of the material in-ordinary nitric

page_text: acid or about 5 per cent concentrated nitric acid added in small quantities-The
agitation of the inass and the temperature of 100 degrees is kept up for about an
hour, after which the agitation is continued and about 1 per cent. of the weight of
the mass, starch or other product of like nature added little by little in order to
carbonise the material.such as for instance tragacanth gum.
The agitation is continued for 2 hours during which the temperature is raised
to about 120 degrees Centigrade and is then reduced to about 70 degrees
Centigrade.
In this manner the first transformation of the material is produced.
11. First washing-After this operation the material is washed until all trace of
acid has been eliminated.
III. Second transformation-After the material has been rendered neutral the same
is introduced into an apparatus provided with an agitating apparatus with a like
quantity in weight of water strongly saturated with lime, caustic potassium,
ammoniac or other like maiter. The temperature is now raised to 300 degrees
Centigrade and this heat maintained for about 4 hours. The employment of my
apparatus with automatic circulation working under a vacuum permits me to
work at a temperature of 160 degrees and gives the best results. For this
operation the apparatus is lined with lead or tin or is galvanized with iridium and
the tubes and valves or cocks must be treated in a like manner.
IV Second washing-This second transformation being completed the material is
again placed in a vessel provided with a suitable water jacket and allowed to
stand until the chemicals and water employed. have settled to the bottom of the
vessel.
V-Acidification-After the second washing about 1 per cent of the weight of the
material, sulphuric acid of 66 per cent, is added and the entire mass thoroughly
agitated.
VI-The so acidified mass is now distilled for which purpose I prefer to employ
my patented distilling apparatus, which said apparatus works under the influence
of vacuum-The product of this distillation is white, has a very high melting
point, gives when made up into candles a beautiful flaine and can compete with the
stearine candles of first quality.
The stearine like products of the mineral oils is of comparatively weaker kind
but when mixed with the oleine products or treated direct with the oleine in
suitable proportions it has a like high melting point with stearic acid of the first
quality. It is evident that my said process can be modified in various ways
without departing from the tenor of my invention.
Having now described my said invention and the manner in which the same is
to or may be carried into effect I wish it to be understood that what I claim and
desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-
1-The transformation of oleine into a solid fatty acid with high melting point so
that the same can be employed to like purposes as stearic acid of first quality
substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification.
2. The transformation of mineral, vegetable and animal oils into a solid fatty acid,
by first saponifying or otherwise treating the same until they obtain a gelatinous
like consistency and then treating them according to my said process so that the
*same are converted into solid fatty acids substantially as set forth in the foregoing
specification.
3. My improved process for solidifying and transforming liquid or semi liquid
fatty acids into solid fatty acids, consisting of heating the fatty acids in
a suitable vessel by means of free steam under continuous agitation of the mass by
means of air introduced through a system of injector nozzles or in other appropriate
manner successively adding about 8 to 10%. common or 5% concentrated
nitric acid during the agitation of the mass maintaining a temperature of about
100° for the space of about one hour under a continuous agitation of the material
successively adding about 1% of starch or other similar product and continuing
the aforementioned agitation continuing the agitation for about 2 hours raising
0
0

page_text: I
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the temperature to about 120° Centigrade and then reducing the same to about
70° Centigrade washing the product so obtained until all trace of acid is
eliminated treating the material in a suitable apparatus with a like quantity in
weight of water strongly saturated with lime, caustic potash, ammoniac or other
equivalent material heating the product to 300° Centigrade and maintaining this
heat for about 4 hours or employing my patented automatic circulating apparatus
and working with a continuous vacuum so that the heat employed does not exceed
160° Centigrade washing the product so obtained then placing the same in a
suitable apparatus and allowing the water and chemical products to settle or
subside out of the same treating this product with about 1% of sulphuric acid and
energetically agitating the same * distilling the product as mentioned under in
my patented distilling apparatus by employing a vacuum, thus obtaining a pure
white mass with very high melting point substantially as described in the foregoing
specification.
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k
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4-The application and employment of the transformed and solidified oleine, and
the solidified and transformed mineral, vegetable or animal oils for themselves
alone or suitable admixtures of the same for the manufacture of candles and other
industrial purposes substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification.
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty fourth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty four,
Witnesses
ARTHUR BAERMANN
ANTHONY STEFFEN
EDWIN A. BRYDGES (L.S.)