IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEREBY IT IS RENDERED LUMINOUS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cullen Horne of 3 Victoria Road, Old Charlton,
in the County of Kent Merchant for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEREBY IT IS RENDERED LUMINOUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cullen Horne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1882.
WILLIAM CULLEN HORNE of 3 Victoria Road, Old Charlton in the County of
Kent Merchant IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEREBY IT IS
RENDERED LUMINOUS
My invention relates to the use of phosphorescent substance in the manufacture
of paper in such a way as to produce paper that will when seen in a dark place
after exposure to light appear distinctly luminous and will maintain its luminosity
for a considerable time-say for example, throughout a night-without re-exposure
to light which paper may with great advantage be used for various useful
purposes such as (amongst others) for labels for match boxes; luggage labels ;
lables for bottles (especially for bottles containing poisons); lables for crates
containing fragile goods which by being thus distinguished will be rendered less
liable to rough treatment when being moved about on dark nights.
Also for wall paper designs blocked upon which may be highly ornamented
whilst such paper will be serviceable for (to a useful extent) lighting up passages
and chambers, especially water closets and other places wherein only moderate
light is required; for writing paper and envelopes; business, private and Christmas
cards, and for advertisements, and especially for railway coach tablets which
affixed to the ceilings and backs of compartments will serve the twofold purpose of
producing prominent announcements and rendering the carriage sufficiently light
to enable lamps to be dispensed with when passing through tunnels during the
day time.
According to my invention I use what is known to chemists as sulphide of
calcium taking care that it is of a quality that will after exposure to light remain
(as seen in a dark place) luminous for a considerable time (say, for instance, a
whole night)
Such a substance is that sold commonly as Puzey's luminous powder.

page_text: This I either sprinkle over the paper pulp when in the paper maker's chest,
mixing the pulp and powder thoroughly by stirring, or I make with the luminous
powder a paste by adding to it twice its weight of boiling water, and allow the
mixture to stand for a period of about 36 hours but stirring it at intervals during
that period. I then pour off any supernatent water and thus obtain as a product
a paste I term luminous water paste.
I mix this luminous water paste with paper pulp in the condition known in the
trade as three quarter stuff so that the comparatively heavy luminous substance
shall not be liable to settle and work out when the material is passing through the
machine cylinders.
Thus in carrying out my invention, to 180 lbs. of ordinary paper pulp known as
three quarters stuff I. add 140 lbs. of luminous water paste such as above referred
to, with these I mix a small percentage of smalts or ultramarine if white paper
is desired, and I stir the compound well in the paper maker's chest; then I roll it
out in the ordinary way between cylinders or treat it with hand sieves, until, it
assumes the condition known to paper makers as water-leaf.
This waterleaf I then tub-size in the way usually practised by paper makers
using size such as ordinarily employed by then. When desired I impart to the
size a waterproof character by adding to it a small percentage of tannin or
bichromate of ammonia or other waterproofing substance.
My invention may besides being applied in the manufacture of white papers be
employed also in conjunction with colours to produce coloured luminous papers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Cullen Horne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th May 1883.
WILLIAM CULLEN HORNE of 3 Victoria Road, Old Charlton, in the County of
Kent, Merchant "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEREBY IT IS
RENDERED LUMINOUS
"
My invention relates to the use of phosphorescent substance in the manufacture
of paper in such a way as to produce paper that will when seen in a dark place
after exposure to light appear distinctly luminous and will maintain its luminosity
for a considerable time, say for example, throughout a night, without re-exposure
to light which paper may with great advantage be used for various useful purposes
such as (amongst others) for labels for match boxes; luggage labels; labels for
bottles (especially for bottles containing poisons); labels for crates containing
fragile goods which by being thus distinguished will be rendered less liable to
rough treatement when being moved about on dark nights.
Also for wall paper, designs blocked upon which may be highly ornamented
whilst such paper will be serviceable for (to a useful extent) lighting up passages
and chambers especially water closets and other places wherein only moderate light
is required; for writing paper and envelopes; business, private and Christmas
cards, and for advertisements, and especially for railway coach tablets which affixed
to the ceilings and backs of compartments will serve the twofold purpose of
producing prominent announcements and rendering the carriage sufficiently light
to enable lamps to be dispensed with when passing through tunnels during the
day time.
According to my invention I use what is known to chemists as sulphide of
calcium taking care that it is of a quality that will after exposure to light remain
(as seen in a dark place) luminous for a considerable time (say, for instance,
a whole night.)
Such a substance is that sold commonly as Puzey's luminous powder.
This I either sprinkle over the paper pulp when in the paper maker's chest,
mixing the pulp and powder thoroughly by stirring in proportions of about
70 lbs. of luminous powder to 100 lbs. paper pulp, or I make with the luminous
powder a paste by adding to it twice its weight of boiling water, and allow the
inixture to stand for a period of about 36 hours, but stirring it at intervals during
that period. I then pour off any supernatent water and thus obtain as a product
a paste I term luminous water paste.
I mix this luminous water paste with paper pulp in the condition known in the
trade as three quarter stuff so that the comparatively heavy luminous substance
shall not be liable to settle and work out when the material is passing through the
machine cylinders.
Thus in carrying out my invention to 100 lbs. of ordinary paper pulp known as
three quarters stuff (by which I mean a pulp containing rather less water than is
contained in pulp as ordinarily used in making paper) I add about 140 lbs. of
Juminous water paste such as above referred to, with these I mix a small percentage
(say 2 per cent) of smalts or ultramarine if white paper is desired and I stir the
compound well in the paper maker's chest; then I roll it out in the ordinary way
between cylinders or treat it with hand sieves, until it assumes the condition
known to paper makers as water leaf.
This water leaf I then tub size in the way usually practised by paper makers,
using size such as ordinarily employed by them. When desired I impart to the

page_text: size a waterproof character by adding to it a small percentage of tannin or
bichromate of ammonia or other water proofing substance, or the paper after being
made may be varnished with caoutchouc or Damar gum varnishes or other suitable
waterproofing substances.
My invention may besides being applied in the manufacture of white papers be
employed also in conjunction with colors to produce colored luminous papers,
care being taken that no colors are used that contain detrimental substance such
as lead.
Having thus described the nature of my said invention and the manner of
performing it I would have it understood that what I claim as secured to me under
the Letters Patent hereinabove first in part recited is the manufacture substantially
as hereinabove described of paper that will when seen in a dark place after
exposure to light appear luminous as above set forth.
In witness whereof I the said William Cullen Horne have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
WILLIAM CULLEN HORNE (LS.)