Improvements in Construction of Bungalows and like Buildings.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1899-Accepted, 17th June, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Construction of Bungalows and like Buildings.
I, FREDERICK JAMES KELLOW, of 14, Deer Park, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Com-
mercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of bungalows and like buildings.
According to this invention, uprights or vertical posts of cruciform, rectangular
or other suitably-shaped section and made of wood or of cast-iron are placed at
suitable intervals apart and firmly fixed at bottom, either by being sunk into
the soil or by being embedded in a mass of concrete contained in a chamber of
galvanized iron, or other suitable metal, and sunk into the soil. The bottom.
of the concrete container may have an aperture to take the end of the upright,
or a socket may be extended upwards therefor in the container.
The spaces between the uprights are filled in by sections resembling troughs
having vertical mid-ribs extending upwards from the inner faces of the troughs.
At each end the troughs have spaces so arranged as to enable the sections to
be slid over the uprights and thus permit the sections to be piled up in succession
to form a continuous wall. The bottom of each trough above the lowest rests on
the mid-rib of the next below it. The bottoms of the troughs are preferably grooved
to receive the tops of the said mid-ribs. The ends of the troughs overlap the
sides of the uprights or ribs formed thereon. The mid-ribs of the sections, which
may be made separate from the bottoms of the troughs, may be of galvanized iron
or of wood, as is also the case with the trough bottoms. Or the mid-ribs may be
of metal, and the trough bottoms of wood, or vice versa.
When the sections have been piled between the uprights, "wall-plates" of
wood or wrought iron and tie beams are placed in position on the uprights. The
roof is then laid on. It may be of slate, galvanized iron or tiles, wood shingling
or of other ordinary kind. Or, it may be made of principals similar to the
uprights above described and filled in with sections also as above described for
the walls. After the roof has been put on, moist clay in a plastic condition is
plastered on the walls of the structure; the troughs presenting ledges on either side
of the mid-ribs, which may be corrugated, so that the clay is supported and
assisted to be retained by the ledges and corrugations.
The holding and retaining of the clay is enhanced by the provision of vertically-
disposed blocks or rails on the mid-ribs of the wall sections. The clay is applied
to both the inside and outside of the walls so that the mid-ribs of the wall
sections are sandwiched between the clay. Mortar is superposed on the clay both
on the inside and outside of the structure. A coat of cement is given to the
exterior.
Where the roof is constructed with uprights and with sections as above set
forth, the clay and mortar are applied on the exterior only.
The various parts employed for the skeleton or frame of the building are

page_text: separately made and are adapted for packing together so as to be readily portable
and to economise space in stowage and transport.
Dated this 11th day of August 1898.
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Chartered Patent Agent, Bristol.
Improvements in Construction of Bungalows and like Buildings.
I, FREDERICK JAMES KELLOW, of 14, Deer Park, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Com-
mercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to the construction of bungalows and like buildings.
According to this invention, uprights or vertical posts of cruciform, rectangular
or other suitably-shaped section and made of wood or of cast-iron are placed at
suitable intervals apart and firmly fixed at bottom, either by being sunk into
the soil, or by being embedded in a mass of concrete contained in a chamber of
galvanized iron, or other suitable metal, or in cast iron blocks and sunk into the
soil. The bottom of the concrete container may have an aperture to take the end
of the upright, or a socket may be extended upwards therefor in the container.
The spaces between the uprights are filled in by sections resembling troughs
having vertical mid-ribs extending upwards from the inner faces of the troughs.
At each end the troughs have spaces so arranged as to enable the sections to
he slid over the uprights and thus permit the sections to be piled up in succession
to form a continuous wall. The bottom of each trough above the lowest rests on
the mid-rib of the next below it. The bottoms of the troughs are preferably grooved
to receive the tops of the said mid-ribs. The ends of the troughs overlap the
sides of the uprights or ribs formed thereon. The mid-ribs of the sections, which
may be made separate from the bottoms of the troughs, may be of galvanized iron
or of wood, as is also the case with the trough bottoms. Or the mid-ribs may be
of metal, and the trough bottoms of wood, or vice versa.
When the sections have been piled between the uprights, "wall-plates" of
wood or wrought iron and tie beams are placed in position on the uprights. The
roof is then laid on. It may be of slate, galvanized iron or tiles, wood shingling,
cement tiles, or of other kind. Or it may be made of plain principals having boards
or galvanized iron placed on top, and on the boards or galvanized iron are placed
fixed battens about 18 inches apart from bottom to ridge of roof. Between these
battens a plastic preparation is super-posed. In moist climates the said plastic
preparation may be placed and dried in the troughs before they are put in position
in the walls. After the roof has been put on, moist clay in a plastic condition is
plastered on the walls of the structure; the troughs presenting ledges on either
side of the mid-ribs, which may be corrugated, so that the clay is supported and
assisted to be retained by the ledges and corrugations.
The holding and retaining of the clay may be enhanced by the provision of
vertically-disposed blocks or rails on the mid-ribs of the wall sections. The clay
is applied to both the inside and outside of the walls so that the mid-ribs of the wall
sections are sandwiched between the clay. Mortar is superposed on the clay both
on the inside and outside of the structure. A coat of cement is given to the
exterior.
The various parts employed for the frame or skeleton of the building are

page_text: separately made and are adapted for packing together so as to be readily portable
and to economise space in stowage and transport.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 represents in elevation my
improved method of constructing bungalows and like buildings. Fig. 2 shows,
detached, in elevation, and drawn to an enlarged scale, one of the trough-shaped
sections of which the walls are built. Fig. 3 is an end view of such section.
The uprights or vertical posts a which are placed at suitable intervals apart are
cruciform in section. At foot each upright a is inserted in a chamber b of iron,
or other suitable metal, and sunk into the soil. Blocks of cast-iron may be
used is lieu of the containers b. The ground-line is indicated at Fig. 1 by
the line,. The spaces between the uprights a are filled in by the sections c
resembling troughs having vertical mid-ribs c' extending upwards from the inner
faces of the troughs. At each end the troughs have spaces so arranged as to
enable the sections to be slid over the uprights a and thus permit the sections c
to be piled up in succession to form a continuous wall. The bottom of each
trough above the lowermost rests on the mid-rib of the next below it.
bottoms of the troughs are preferably grooved or channelled as seen at Fig. 3-to
receive the tops of the mid-ribs c¹. The ends of the troughs c overlap the sides
of the uprights a as shown. The mid-ribs c¹ may be made separate from the
troughs and be bolted or otherwise fitted therein.
The
When the sections have been piled up between the uprights to the required
height, "wall-plates" such as d of wood or wrought iron, and having rafter
sockets e are placed in position on the uprights upon which also are placed
tie beams. The roof is then laid on.
Having now particular; described and ascertained the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Method of construction of bungalows and like buildings, that is to say, by
means of cruciform uprights such as a (or of other suitable shape), placed at
required intervals apart and sunk at bottom either into the soil or into blocks
of concrete, trough-shaped sections such as c with mid-ribs such as c¹, being piled
up in succession between the said uprights to the roof in the manner set forth;
the troughs of the sections being filled with clay which is also applied to cover
the mid-ribs, the whole being arranged substantially as hereinabove described.
Dated this 11th day of May 1899.
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Chartered Patent Agent, Bristol.