Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper.
I, RUDOLF AFFELTRANGER, of 20, Dufourstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention, coloured watermarks are incorporated in paper
by applying the marks in colour to the surface of the wet paper stuff and suck-
ing them into the material. According to this invention, also, by giving the
watermark-printing roller a differential velocity, watermarks are formed with
one-sided shaded portions.
The accompanying drawing represents an example of apparatus for producing
watermarks according to this invention.
An endless sieve-like cloth m is led round rollers a, and passes over three
suction-boxes b, c, and d. Over the central suction-box c there is arranged a
printing roller e which is provided on its periphery with a design composed of
letters, patterns, or the like. The design may be made on a suitable material
(such, for example, as wood, metal, or caoutchouc). A colour roller f dips into
a colour trough . Between the colour roller and the printing roller there runs
a distributing roller which touches both and is adapted to take the colour from
the colour roller and to apply it uniformly to the printing roller e. Above
the suction-box d there is a pipe h, which is provided there with an outlet. At
one end there is arranged over the cloth a supplying device i, and below the cloth
there are provided supporting rollers which prevent the cloth from sagging
The feed cloth passes, at the opposite end and behind the suction-boxes, between
two pressure or couch rollers 1, and then returns below.
The operation of the apparatus just described is as follows: —
Wet paper stuff o passes from the supplying device to the cloth m, moves with
the cloth over the supporting rollers k, passes on to the suction boxes b cd, and
is sucked thereby. Over the middle suction-box c. the printing roller a im-
prints its design in colour upon the layer of paper stuff. The sucking of the
paper stuff downwards on the suction-box prevents it from adhering to the
printing-roller. The colour is fixed more quickly by the suction, and cannot
spread in the wet paper stuff.
If the colour is applied to transparent paper stuff, then the coloured parts will
also appear transparent when looking through the naner.
For the purposes of increasing the durability of the paper, and of protecting
it from imitation, fine fresh paper stuff may be supplied from the pipe h that is
situated over the suction-box d. to the printed paper, so as to become felted with
the lower layer of paper stuff and to cover the printing.
For the purpose of causing the impressions made in the manner described,
to appear with boundary shadows, and thus to acquire a still more characteristic
appearance. the velocity of the roller e is altered at a suitable moment or to a
suitable degree. The difference thus produced in the velocities of the roller e.
the sieve m. and the stuff lving thereon, is small of itself, but it produces in the
layer of stuff a shifting of the colour-that is to say, a uniform scratching of

page_text: long fibres with the impressions, whereby the shadows or the characteristic light
effects are produced in the latter.
This production of the difference in velocity may also be effected without the
use of colour; the watermarks will then have only the characteristic light and
shade effect.
1000
I, RUDOLF AFFELTRANGER, of 20, Dufourstrasse, Zürich, Switzerland, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
According to this invention coloured marks (hereinafter called
"
watermarks")
are incorporated in paper by applying the marks in colour to the surface of the
wet paper on the paper machine and sucking them into the material. According
to this invention, also, by giving the watermark-printing roller a differential
velocity, watermarks are formed with one-sidedly shaded portions.
The drawing filed with my Provisional Specification represents an example
of apparatus for producing watermarks according to this invention.
"
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66
An endless wire-cloth or wire m (hereinafter called a wire") is led round
rollers a, and passes over three suction-boxes b, c and d. Over the central
suction-box there is arranged a printing roller e which is provided on its
periphery with a design composed of letters, patterns, or the like. The design
may be made on any suitable material, as, for example, wood, metal, or caout-
chouc. An inking roller f dips into a colour trough g. Between the inking
roller and the printing roller there runs a distributing roller v which touches both
and is adapted to take the colour from the inking roller and to apply it uniformly
to the printing roller e. Above the suction-box d there is a pipe h, which is.
provided there with an outlet. At one end of the machine there is arranged over
the "wire" a supplying device or vat i, and below the "wire" there are provided
supporting or “tube rolls which prevent the wire from sagging. The
"wire" passes, at the opposite end and behind the suction-boxes, between two
pressure or couch rolls 7, and then returns below.
66
"
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The operation of the apparatus just described is as follows: -
wire m, moves
Paper stock o passes from the supplying device or vat i to the
with the "wire"" over the supporting or tube rolls k, and passes onto the suction-
boxes bed, where the water is partially extracted from the web of wet paper
by the suction. Over the middle suction-box c, the printing roller a imprints
its design in colour upon the web of wet paper. The action of the suction-box
on the wet paper prevents it from adhering to the printing roller. The colour
is fixed more quickly by the suction, and cannot spread in the wet paper. If
the colour is applied to transparent paper, then the coloured parts will also appear
transparent when the paper is looked through.
For the purposes of increasing the durability of the paper and of protecting it
from imitation, additional fine paper stock may be supplied from the pipe h
that is situated over the suction box d, to the printed paper so as to become felted
with the lower layer of wet paper and to cover the printing.
г г
For the purpose of causing the impressions made in the manner described, to

page_text: appear with boundary shadows, and thus to acquire a still more characteristic
appearance the inking roller e is given a speed different from that of the "wire."
The difference thus produced in the velocities of the roller e, the "wire"
m, and
the stock lying thereon, is small of itself, but it produces in the layer of stock
a shifting of the colour-that is to say, a uniform rubbing of the wet paper by
the projecting portions of the rollers e, whereby the shadows or the characteristic
light effects are produced in the latter.
This production of the difference in velocity may also be effected without the
use of colour, the watermarks will then have only the characteristic light and
shade effect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A process for making coloured watermarks consisting in that an inscription
or a mark is printed in colour and over a suction-box on the wet paper on the
"wire
of a paper-machine.
"
2. A process for making coloured watermarks consisting in that an inscription
or a mark is printed in colour and over a suction-box on the wet paper on the
"wire" of a paper machine and the colouring matter so sucked into the wet
paper is covered by a layer of fresh stock.
.
3. A process for making coloured watermarks consisting in that an inscription
or a mark is printed in colour and over a suction-box on the wet paper on the
wire of a paper-machine and the inking roller is given a speed different from
that of the wire" for the purpose of producing light and shade in the water-
$6
marks.
33
4. Apparatus for making coloured watermarks according to the preceding
claims consisting of a colour printing apparatus arranged over one of the suction-
boxes located under the "wire" of a paper machine.
5. As a new article of manufacture, paper provided with watermarks according
to Claim 1, Claim 2, or Claim 3.
6. Apparatus for producing watermarks in paper constructed, arranged, and
operating as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in the drawings
filed with my Provisional Specification.
1
.
000
1
1000
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.