Improvements in and relating to Heating Drums for Stoves.
Year: 1895

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Heating Drums for Stoves.
I, EDWARD FALES, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at
Winthrop Highlands, in the City of Boston, County of Suffolk and State of
Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Prior to this invention it has been common to lead the smoke funnel of a wood-
burning stove to a sheet iron heating drum, and an outlet pipe from the drum to
the chimney, to thereby cause the smoke from the stove or heater to pass through
the drum on its way to the chimney, in order that much of the heat, usually from
seventy-five to eighty-five per cent. of all produced in the stove, which ordinarily
passes to the chimney unutilized, may, through the medium of the heating drum,
be employed for heating purposes.
Attempts to utilize drums of this class in connection with coal-burning heaters,
have, so far as I am aware, proved impracticable, owing to the rapidity with
which soot from the products of combustion or smoke collects upon the inner
surface of the heating druin, and being a non-conductor of heat, prevents ready
radiation of the heat from the interior of the drum to the air in contact with the
exterior.
This invention has for its object the production of a novel device to be used in
connection with heating drums of the class referred to, and by means of which the
soot or other substances which may collect upon the interior of the drum, may
be readily removed at any time, in order to keep the inner surface of the
drum always clean and in such condition as to readily conduct the heat to the
outside.
In accordance with my invention, I provide a rotatable shaft, or, as I shall
hereinafter call it, an actuator, extending preferably through the heating drum,
and provided with one or more scrapers adapted to act upon the inner surface of
the drum, and upon rotation of the actuator, to scrape the said inner surface
clean.
These scrapers are preferably pivoted or otherwise loosely mounted upon the
free end of carrying arms, pivoted or loosely connected to the actuator, in
order that the said carrying arms and scrapers may readily adjust themselves
to inequalities or unevenness in the surface in contact with which they are
moved.
Suitable scrapers are also provided to act upon and clean the end or ends of
the drum.
In practice, the drum will be provided at its bottom with a suitable cleaning
opening, closed by a door, by means of which the soot or other substance or
substances which may collect within the drum may be removed.
In the preferred construction the drum is surrounded by an enclosing shell or
jacket separated from the druin to leave an air space through which air may rise
in contact with the heated surface of the drum and radiate from the upper end of
the said jacket into the room or be conducted through suitable pipes to adjacent
rooms, as may be desired.
My invention further comprehends various details of construction to be
hereinafter fully described and pointed out in the claims.

page_text: In the drawings,
Figure 1, in vertical section, illustrates one embodiment of my invention;
Figure 2 is a perspective detail showing the manner of mounting the scraper
shown in Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 a detail showing in perspective the manner of mounting the end scraper
in Figure 1 ;
Figure 4 an enlarged sectional detail illustrating means for sinking the bolt-
heads below the interior surface of the drum; and
Figure 5 a detail illustrating a modification of one part of my invention.
Referring to the drawings, in the embodiment of my invention there shown, to
ecable the same to be understood, the heating drum A is shown as cylindrical in
form, preferably built up in suitable manner from sheet iron, the same being
preferably mounted upon suitable feet a, a, which raise it a short distance from
the floor.
Within the drum A I have shown an actuator b, shown as a rectangular flat bar
provided at its lower end with a suitable journal b', supported in a suitable bearing
in the step 2, riveted or otherwise suitably attached to the bottom of the drum in
such a manner as to leave a free clearing space 63 beneath the bearing, into which
the soot and the like may drop to keep the bearing always clean.
The actuator b at its upper end is rounded, as shown, to provide a journal 6ª
which has its principal bearing in a cap 6 riveted or otherwise suitably attached
to the upper end of the drum.
I have herein shown suitable carrying arms 66 pivoted or otherwise loosely
attached at their ends to the actuator b, and at their free ends carrying one or
more scrapers, the said carrying arms in the present instance of my invention
being jointed at their outer ends at 68 to the centers of suitable yokes c c, which
latter in turn have pivoted to their ends, and, as herein shown, at opposite sides,
scrapers , the adjacent ends of the scrapers c¹, at opposite sides the yokes c,
preferably overlapping, in order that the entire interior surface of the drum may
be thoroughly scraped.
As many of these carrying arms 66 with their scrapers may be provided as is
necessary to fully cover the interior surface of the drum, and it is evident that the
more scrapers attached to any single carrying arm, the fewer carrying arms will
be required, and while I have herein shown each carrying arm as provided with
two scrapers, the number of scrapers upon any carrying arm may be varied as
desired, I preferring to employ a series of short scrapers rather than long ones,
in order that they may better conform to any irregularities in the surface of the
drum.
It will be noticed that the carrying arms slant in an angular position, in order
that the weight of the arms together with the attached yokes and scrapers may
keep the latter always in operative contact with the interior of the drum, and the
angular position of the carrying arm permits the scrapers to move towards and
from the axis of rotation, as may be necessary to accommodate inequalities in the
surface of the drum.
It is evident that with the carrying arms and scrapers mounted in this manner
the interior of a non-circular drum may be cleaned, for the carrying arm is free
to rise or fall as may be necessary to meet the varying curvature of the drum.
To scrape the inner side of the top of the drum 1 have herein provided a
arm d suitably connected to the actuator, as by a set screw d', and berein shown a
having at its ends at opposite sides the actuator turned upwardly to provide pivot
at d² for the carrying levers d³ having one of their ends weighted, and having
pivoted to their opposite ends the scrapers d.
As here shown, one of the scrapers d scrapes the portion of the top from th
middle part outwardly and the other from the middle to the axis, it being evident
however, that these top scrapers may be otherwise arranged and their numbe
increased or diminished, as desired.
The smoke inlet is shown at a' and the outlet at a², the former being preferabl

page_text: near the top or inner end of the drum and the latter at or near the bottom of the
opposite end of the drum, the said inlet and outlet in the present instance being
each surrounded by a suitable cast iron or other suitable collar a³, provided with
a base flange a fitting the exterior of the drum and bolted thereto by suitable.
bolts a³.
Referring particularly to Figure 4, bolt-holes in the flange at of the collar are
countersunk at the inner face of the flange adjacent to the material of the drum,
in order that tightening of the bolt may act through the bolt-head to draw the
metal of the drum into the countersink, and thereby sink the bolt-head below
or flush with the inner surface of the drum to leave the latter free from any
possible obstruction to interfere with the proper rotative movement of the
scrapers.
The smoke pipe a leading from the stove or heating apparatus is connected to.
the collar at the inlet a¹ and a suitable pipe a leading to the chimney is connected.
to the collar at the outlet a².
Surrounding the drum A I have herein shown and prefer to use a shell
or jacket E, separated from the drum to leave an air space e open at its bottom,.
through which air may rise in contact with and to be heated by the walls of
the drum.
In the present instance of my invention the jacket E is provided with a top el
arranged a sufficient distance above the top of the drum to leave a hot air chamber,.
from which may lead the hot air exit pipes e² to convey the heat to adjoining
rooms, or exit pipes e² may be omitted, and the heated air permitted to pass.
directly into the room in which the drum is placed.
The outer jacket E, as here shown, is supported upon collars a³ and retained in:
position thereon by ring-like flanges a* on the said collars, and at the sides of the
drum opposite the collars, by suitable brackets or struts a³.
The actuator 6 has its top journal 64 shown extending through the top of the
extension or closing or jacket, and is there provided with a handle or crank 6x by
which the said actuator may be rotated to cause the scrapers to sweep around and.
contact with the inner surface of the drum to remove therefrom all soot or foreign.
matter which may have adhered thereto.
The soot or foreign matter removed, drops to the bottom of the drum, from
which it may be removed through a suitable opening, closed by a door, shown at f,.
there being a corresponding door, not shown, in the outer jacket.
The drum A will in practice preferably be made from sheet iron, and therefore
necessarily provided with a longitudinal seam at some point.
In order that scrapers may readily pass this seam, or in fact, any seam or
projection which may be found in the drum, I prefer to twist the carrying
arms slightly, as shown at 5, Figure 2, in order that the scrapers may stand
at an angle, whereby one end of the scrapers first meets the seam or obstruction
and mounts the same, making it easier for the remainder of the scrapers to
follow.
I have shown the leading end of the scraper as turned at right angles, as shown
at ex Figure 2, with its surface adjacent the wall of the drum curved to further
assist in mounting any seam or projection.
I have found the construction of the several parts as shown in the drawing to
produce excellent results, but my invention is not necessarily limited to such, for it
may be varied in many ways without departing from the spirit and scope of my
invention.
The actuator may be rotated in various ways, as found most convenient,
and the outer enclosing shell or jacket E may be changed, and used or not, as
desired.
In Figure 1, the carrying arms 6 stand in upwardly inclined position, but in
Figure 5 I have shown the same as in downwardly inclined position, and in the
construction, Figure 5, have provided a weight w to maintain the scrapers in.
operative contact with the surface of the drum.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is:―
1. The combination, with a heating drum, of an actuator and one or more
scrapers loosely connected thereto and adapted to clean the inner surface of the
drum, the loose connection of the scrapers to the actuator enabling the former to
more or less adapt themselves to inequalities in the drum surface, substantially as
specified.
2. The combination, with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator, and one or
more scrapers loosely connected thereto and adapted, on rotation of the actuator,
to clean the inner surface of the drum, the loose connection of the scrapers to the
actuator enabling the former to more or less adapt themselves to inequalities in the
drum surface, substantially as specified.
3. The combination with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator, one or more
carrying arms loosely connected therewith, and one or more scrapers loosely
connected to the other ends of the said carrying arms and thereby capable of
adjusting themselves to irregularities in the inner surface of the drum during their
rotation by said actuator, substantially as described.
4. The combination with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator, one or more
carrying arms loosely connected thereto and standing at an angle, and one or more
scrapers loosely connected to the free ends of said carrying arms, the weight of
the carrying arms and scrapers serving to keep the latter in operative contact with,
and to clean the inner surface of the drum, the angularity of the carrying arms
enabling them to adapt themselves to the surface to be cleaned substantially as
specified.
5. The combination with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator, one or more
carrying arms mounted thereon, and a scraper or scrapers connected to the free
end of each of said carrying arms, the said scrapers having one of their ends
arranged slightly in advance of the other, to enable them to better pass obstacles
in the path of movement, substantially as described.
6. The combination with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator and side and
end scrapers carried thereby to act upon and clean the inner side and end surfaces
of the said drum, substantially as specified.
7. The combination with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator, an arm, as d
mounted thereon, a carrying lever pivoted to said arm, and an end scraper pivoted
to said carrying lever, substantially as specified.
8. The combination with a heating drum, of a rotatable actuator, one or more
carrying arms pivoted thereto, yokes pivoted to the free ends of the said carrying
arms, and scrapers pivoted to opposite ends of said yokes, substantially as
specified.
9. The combination with a substantially cylindrical drum provided at or near
its bottom with an inlet located at one side of the axis of the drum, of a raised
step bearing on the drum bottom, a suitable bearing at the top of the drum, and a
scraper actuator journaled in said bearing, to operate, substantially as specified.
Dated this Tenth day of December 1805
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.