Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Teeth, and Backings therefor.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th July, 1895-Accepted, 15th Aug., 1896.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Teeth, and Backings
therefor.
I, JOHN SMALLEY CAMPBELL, of 22 Rue Dumont d'Urville, Paris, France,
Engineer, do hereby declare this nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, No. 11336 of the
year 1890, is described a porcelain tooth having baked in the lingual side
thereof a platinum plate so arranged that when secured to a dental plate and
in use it will receive edgewise the strain placed upon it during mastication
and my present invention has reference to certain improvements in such artificial
teeth and their attachment to backings as I will hereinafter more fully explain.
Now in order to save platinum and also to afford a much stronger attachment to
the tooth, I form the platinum plate with a hole or holes through it, and whilst
the substance of the body of the tooth is in a plastic state I mould the same
through the hole or holes in the plate thus tying the two sides of the tooth
together and holding the platinum very firmly-also retaining all the advantages
of the edgewise arrangement of the platinum plate as in my original construction.
In some cases instead of entirely removing the metal to form the holes I so punch
the plate as to turn outwards certain portions thereof thus forming holes (or a
hole) and lips or lateral projections; conveniently there may be two holes and two
lips or projections one projecting at one side of the plate and the other at the other
side. The material of the moulded tooth passes through the holes thus made and
the metallic plate and its lips or projections are embedded in the material of the
tooth, the whole forming a strong and readily attachable tooth. According to
another construction I so fix in the platinum plate a transverse pin that its ends
project laterally beyond the respective sides of the plate and with the plate are in.
moulding the tooth embedded into the material forming the body of the tooth so
as to firmly secure the platinum plate therein. To hold the plate in the mould
whilst forming the tooth and also to keep a backing in place against the lingual
side of the tooth whilst securing the backing to the tooth I provide at the
lingual edge of the platinum plate that is embedded in the tooth a projection or
pin. This may be a projection integral with the plate or may be of platinum foil
folded and clipped to the perforated plate at the lingual side or through a fine hole
in the plate a fine wire may be passed and its ends be brought together to form a
projection or pin.
For use with teeth such as herein described or referred to (whether constructed
according to my present or my former invention) I make a backing with a slot that
admits of the backing being moved up or down upon the projection or pin at the
lingual side of the tooth, so as to allow for fitting the base of the backing to the
plate. Such backings can be advantageously made by forming a plate with two
similarly shaped ends and a longitudinal slot in suchwise that by afterwards
dividing such slotted plate transversely there will be formed two backings. If cut
in the middle the slotted plate will make two backings of equal length, if cut
nearer to one end it will make one long and one short backing.
:
To keep the platinum against the lingual side of the tooth while fitting its base:
to the plate the projection or pin on the tooth is split and one half bent to the right
:

page_text: and the other to the left thus preventing the platinum from leaving the tooth until
it is soldered. These backings can be made ready for use of different sizes and
quality of metal thus saving time and material.
By my invention as just described I am enabled to dispense with the plate punch
as used in the ordinary or old style of tooth to make holes into the backing to receive
the two pins which are inserted in and project from each tooth, which system is tedious
and requires a backing made specially for each tooth and if the holes happen to be
perforated too high or too low or too far to either side involve the preparation of a
new backing the one badly punched going into scrap at a loss of time and money, as
well understood.
.
My present invention may be applied in the manufacture and mounting of artificial
teeth of various forms, including triangular bridge teeth moulded straight on the
back and which can be backed with less metal and greater ease than teeth of
approximately saddle form as sometimes used.
It is of course to be understood that in the manufacture of my improved teeth
they are, after moulding, to be properly biscuited baked and enamelled.
Dated this 21st doir of Santambon 100
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Teeth, and Backings,
therefor.
I, JOHN SMALLEY CAMPBELL, of, 22 Rue.Dumont d'Urville, Paris, France,,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in, what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
In, the Specification, of a former Patent granted to me, No. 11336 of the
year 1890, is described a porcelain tooth having baked in the lingual side thereof
a platinum plate so arranged that when secured to a dental plate and in use it will
receive edgewise, the strain. placed upon it during mastication. and .my present
invention has reference to certain improvements in such. artificial teeth and their
attachment to backings as I will hereinafter more fully explain.
Now in order to save platinum and also to afford a much stronger attachment.
to the tooth, 1 form, the platinum plate with a hole, or holes through it, and
whilst the substance of the body of the tooth is in a plastic state mould the
same, through the hole, or holes in the plate thus tying the two sides of the.
tooth together and holding the platinum very firmly also retaining, all the advan-
tages, of the edgewise arrangement of the platinum plate as in my original
construction.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are side and edge views respectively
of a platinum, plate. a of the kind referred to having a single hole or window b
formed therethrough and, Figs. 3 and 4 are sections at right angles to each other,
showing an artificial tooth having such a plate moulded and baked in the body d
thereof so that its lingual edge a' and also its upper and lower edges a² a³ are flush.
with the adjacent, surfaces of the tooth body, whilst a part of the porcelain
material of which the body d of the tooth is made, extends through the hole bin
the plate a and serves as a bridge piece to connect together the parts of the tooth
that are situated at the opposite. sides of the plate a and to firmly lock the

page_text: plate in place. The strength of the finished tooth is by this means considerably
increased, whilst by the stamping or punching out of the hole b, a considerable
saving in sheet platinum is effected. The hole b may as shown correspond
approximately in shape to that of the exterior of the plate which will vary
according to the shape of the particular tooth with which it is intended to be used.
The perforated plate a instead of being made of a single thickness as shown in
Figs. 2 and 4, may as shown in Figs. 5 6 and 7, may be formed of a piece of sheet
metal folded so as to assume a ^ form in cross section.
In some cases instead of entirely removing the metal to form the holes I so punch
the plate as to turn outwards certain portions thereof thus forming holes (or a hole)
and lips or lateral projections.
Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 inclusive show an arrangement of this kind, Fig. 8 being a
side view of the perforated plate, Figs. 9 and 10 sections on the lines x x and y y
respectively of Fig. 8, and Fig. 11 being a vertical section showing a tooth having
a perforated plate like that shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 embedded in place therein.
Conveniently there may be, as shown, two holes band two lips or pro-
jections e e¹, one projection being at one side of the plate and the other at the other
side. The material d of the moulded tooth passes through the holes thus made as
shown at d (Fig. 11), and the metallic plate a and its lips or projections e e¹ are
embedded in the material of the tooth, the whole forming a strong and readily
attachable tooth.
According to another construction I so fix in the platinum plate a transverse pin
that its ends project laterally beyond the respective sides of the plate, and, with
the plate, are, in moulding the tooth, embedded in the material forming the body
of the tooth so as to firmly secure the platinum plate therein.
Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive show an arrangement of this kind, Figs. 12 and 13 being
side and edge views of a platinum plate a in which is fixed a transverse pin / the
ends of which extend out beyond the sides of the plate, and Figs. 14 and 15 being
vertical sections at right angles to each other showing an artificial tooth with such
a plate and pin embedded therein.
To hold the plate a, in each case, in the mould whilst forming the tooth, and also
to keep a backing in place against the lingual side of the finished tooth whilst
securing the backing to the tooth, I provide at the lingual edge a' of the platinum
plate that is embedded in the tooth a projection or pin. This may be a projection c
integral with the plate a, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14; or it
may be of platinum foil folded and clipped to the perforated plate at the lingual
side; or, through a fine hole in the plate, a fine wire may be passed and its ends be
brought together to form a projection or pin at the lingual edge of the plate.
For use with teeth such as herein described or referred to (whether constructed
according to my present or my former invention) I make a backing with a slot
that admits of the backing being moved up or down upon the projection or pin at
the lingual side of the tooth, so as to allow for fitting the base of the backing to
the plate a.
Fig. 16 is a vertical section and Fig. 17 a rear elevation of a tooth having a
cross sectional form resembling in the main a triangle and having a slotted
backing g of the kind referred to secured to the lingual side of the tooth by the
projection c of the perforated plate a which in this case is of triangular shape and
wholly embedded in the body of the tooth except at its lingual edge which as in
the other examples shown is flush with the lingual surface of the body d of the
tooth. Such backings y can be advantageously made by forming a platinum plate
with two similarly shaped ends 9 as shown in Fig. 18, and with a longitudinal
slot so that by afterwards dividing such slotted plate transversely along the
line zz there will be formed two backings each of the shape shown in Fig. 19.
If cut in the middle the slotted plate will make two backings of equal length; if
cut nearer to one eud, it will make one long and one short backing, the slot g³ in
each case being open at one end to permit of the backing g being slid in place

page_text: endways on the projection c. The external shape of the backing depends on the
shape of the tooth for which it is to be employed.
To keep the platinum backing against the lingual side of the tooth while fitting
its base to the plate, the projection or piu c on the plate a is split and one half bent
to the right and the other to the left as shown in Fig. 17 thus preventing the
platinum backing from leaving the tooth whilst being adjusted thereon and soldered
in place. These backings g can be made ready for use of different sizes and quality
of metal, thus saving time and material.
When using my improved backing with a tooth having no projecting pin, the
backing may be held by strong sticky wax. The slot allows the solder to pass in
and unite the backing to the platinum in the tooth. When using my backing with
common pin teeth, when one pin is above the other, the two pins may be bent to
opposite sides.
By my invention as just described, am enabled to dispense with the plate puuch
as used in the ordinary or old style of tooth to make holes into the backing to
receive the two pins which are inserted in and project from each tooth, which
system is tedious and requires a backing made specially for each tooth, and if the
holes happen to be perforated too high or too low, or too far to either side,
involves the preparation of a new backing, the one badly punched going into scrap
at a loss of time and money, as well understood.
Figs. 20 and 21 show a tooth with skeleton plates a such as shown separately in
Figs. and 5 respectively, secured upon a plate or support h of ordinary form.
My present invention may be applied in the manufacture and mounting of
artificial teeth of various forms, including triangular bridge teeth (Figs. 16 and 17)
moulded straight on the back and which can be backed with less metal and greater
ease than teeth of approximately saddle form as sometimes used.
It is of course to be understood that in the manufacture of my improved teeth
they are, after moulding, to be properly biscuited (if necessary) baked and
enamelled.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An artificial tooth which comprises a porcelain body and a plate having
through it one or more holes and in which a portion or portions of the porcelain or
material of the said body extends or extend through the said hole or holes so as to
connect together integrally through the hole or holes in the plate the two sides of
the tooth body, hold the said plate firmly in position and strengthen the tooth, the
said plate being moulded and baked into the tooth body at right angles to the
lingual side of such body substantially as described.
2. An artificial tooth comprising a porcelain body and moulded and baked
therein a thin plate of metal that is arranged at right angles to the lingual side of
the tooth, is perforated and has a lateral projection or projections, the substance
of the body of the tooth being moulded through the perforated part of the plate
and around the lateral projection or projections of the metal substantially as herein
described.
3. For holding a plate such as a in a mould whilst forming the body of the tooth,
and also for retaining a backing in place against the lingual side of the tooth whilst
securing the backing to the tooth, providing the plate at its lingual edge with a
projection or pin substantially as herein described.
4. My improved artificial teeth constructed substantially as herein before
respectively described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive; in
Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive; in Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive; in Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive;
in Figs 16 and 17; and in Figs. 20 and 21 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The manufacture and use as hereipabove described with reference to the
drawings of slotted metallic backings wherein the slot is adapted to receive a

page_text: projection or pin extending from the back of a tooth and having bent over parts or
a head, and to be placed upon a tooth by a sliding movement as set forth for the
purpose specified.
Dated this 20th day 01 Jury 1000.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.