An Improved Method of Hardening and Tempering Serrated or "Garnett" Saw Teeth Employed in Waste Opening, Scribbling, Carding, and similar Machinery.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Hardening and Tempering Serrated or
"Garnett" Saw Teeth Employed in Waste Opening, Scribbling,
Carding, and similar Machinery.
We EZRA SYKES and DAVID SYKES of the firm of John Sykes and Sons, of
Turnbridge Ironworks, Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Our invention refers to serrated or "Garnett" saw teeth which are punched or
otherwise cut out of a length or strip of thin metallic wire, which is afterwards
wound onto a cylindrical surface and secured thereon for operating upon fibrous
materials.
These teeth have hitherto been formed of soft iron wire or flattened strips of soft
iron or other metal which has not sufficient strength to resist the strains to which the
teeth are subjected when employed in the machinery above named, nor will the teeth
composed of such material stand any great amount of wear and tear, but have soon to
be renewed in consequence of the points of the said teeth wearing away. Many
experiments have been made to use steel wire, and attempts made to harden and
temper the teeth thereon, but so far those attempts have failed in consequence of the
inability to harden and temper the teeth without also hardening and tempering the
back bone or continuous portion of the strip of steel, which strip, when being bent to
the curvature of a cylinder or drum, would immediately break.
We have, however discovered a method whereby we are enabled to harden and
temper the points or the whole of each tooth in the strip (whether such strip is made
with a single or double row of teeth) whilst we can leave the back bone or continuous
portion of the strip soft and ductile or flexible, whereby such strips of steel teeth may
be easily bent and wound onto a cylinder or roller, and as the teeth are hardened and
tempered, they will stand a much greater amount of wear and tear and will be strong
enough to resist the strains to which they are subjected when employed in waste
opening, scribbling, or carding machines.
In order to carry out our invention we first pass the serrated steel strips, with the
teeth downwards, over or through a flame or flames of gas or fire, after which the rib

page_text: or back of the strip passes under a deflecting plate placed over a trough or cistern,
which brings the teeth into contact with cold water, and after being cooled and
consequently hardened and tempered thereby, the steel strip passes over or through
another flame or flames of gas or fire, so as to dry off the moisture on the teeth and
complete the tempering process.
-
The means or method for heating the wire may be so arranged and constructed,
that the heat thereof gradually becomes more intense the further the steel strips
travel over or through such flames of gas or fire, for the purpose of heating the said
steel strips to the required temperature, the amount of heat given depending on the
strength of the wire and the speed at which such wire is made to traverse.
The cooling trough or cistern is preferably so arranged that a constant supply of
fresh water is admitted thereto, the overflow passing out through an aperature near to
where the steel strip emerges from the flames of gas, so that the teeth first come into
contact with water which is running from the cistern.
The depth to which the teeth are required to be submerged in water is determined
by the deflecting plate which may be regulated to the greatest nicety.
Dated this 11th day of July 1888.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.

page_text: An Improved Method of Hardening and Tempering Serrated or
"Garnett" Saw Teeth Employed in Waste Opening, Scribbling,
Carding, and similar Machinery.
We, EZRA SYKES and DAVID SYKES, of the firm of John Sykes and Sons, of
Turnbridge Ironworks, Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is .to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention relates to serrated or "Garnett" saw teeth, which are punched or
otherwise cut out of a length or strip of thin metallic flat wire, which is afterwards
wound onto a cylindrical surface and secured thereon for the purpose of operating
upon fibrous materials.
These teeth have hitherto been forined from soft iron wire or flattened strips of soft
iron or other metal, but they have not possessed sufficient strength to resist the strains
to which the teeth are subjected when employed in the machinery above named, nor
will the teeth composed of such material stand any great amount of wear and tear, for
they have soon to be renewed, in consequence of the points of the said teeth wearing
away. Many experiments have been made to use flat steel wire, and attempts made
to harden and temper the teeth thereon, but so far these attempts have failed in con-
sequence of the inability to harden and temper the teeth without also hardening and
tempering the backbone or continuous portion of the strip of steel, which strip, when
being bent to the curvature of a cylinder or drum, frequently broke.
We have, however, discovered a method whereby we are enabled to harden and
temper the points or the whole of each tooth in the strip (whether such strip is made
with a single or double row of teeth) whilst at the same time we can leave the back-
bone or continuous portion of the strip soft and ductile or flexible, whereby such
strips of steel teeth can be easily bent and wound onto a cylinder or roller, and as the
teeth are hardened and tempered, they will stand a much greater amount of wear and
tear and will be strong enough to resist the strains to which they are subjected when
employed in waste opening, scribbling, or carding machines.
In order to carry out our invention, we first pass the serrated steel strips, with the
teeth downwards, over or through a flame or flames of gas or fire, after which the rib
or back of the strip passes under a deflecting plate placed over a trough or cistern,
which brings the teeth into contact with cold water or other suitable liquid, and after
being cooled and consequently hardened and tempered thereby, the steel strip passes
over or through another flame or flames of gas or fire, so as to dry off the moisture on
the teeth, and complete the tempering process.
In order that our invention may be put into practice, we will now make reference
to the accompanying sheet of drawings, which illustrate one method of carrying out
our invention. The serrated wire is shown at A and travelling in the direction
indicated by the arrows. The wire, which to start with is travelling teeth downwards,

page_text: may be coming off a drum and taken up by another drum at the opposite end of the
apparatus, but be that as it may, the said wire passes under a projecting edge of
the bar B, which keeps the wire in a proper position as it passes over a flame of gas
issuing through the wire gauze C and D. By the time the serrated wire has passed
the flame at D it is heated to a red heat, from whence it then passes under an
adjustable deflecting plate E which holds the travelling strip so that the teeth on the
underside thereof are immersed in water or other liquid in the trough F. The wire
is now twisted, so that the teeth thereon are made to project upwards, so that the
backbone or rib of the serrated teeth is made to travel over a hot plate G, which is
heated to a suitable temperature for that purpose, and this is done so as to soften the
backbone or rib of the strip, whilst the teeth remain hardened and tempered. If the
said travelling serrated teeth are compound or made trough shaped, we employ discs a
and which are inserted into the trough shaped strip for the purpose of keeping the
strip down upon the hot plate G and also to open the trough and keep the serrated
teeth equidistant from each other, by which means the teeth are hardened and
tempered, whilst the backbone or rib remains soft, allowing any suitable length of the
said serrated strip to be wound upon rollers or drums, but the teeth are hard and
sharp and operate uninjured upon any matted, knotty, or hard substances contained
in the fibre, which is not the case when the points of the said teeth are soft.
We prefer to employ a length of flame for heating the serrated wire so that it is
gradually done, and the heat becomes more intense as the strip travels over or
through the flames. of gas or fire, the amount of heat given depending on the strength
of the wire and the speed at which such wire is made to travel. The cooling
trough F is preferably so arranged that a constant supply of fresh water or other
liquid is admitted thereto, the overflow passing out through an aperture at c near
where the steel strip emerges from the flames of gas so that the teeth first come into
contact with water that is running from the cistern.
A proper admixture of gas and air for the purpose of getting "bunsened " gas
admitted through the pipes H, I, and J.
Having now described our invention and shewn the manner in which it may be
performed, we would have it understood that we do not limit ourselves to the exact
details in the apparatus herein shewn and described, as it is obvious that other forms
of apparatus may be employed for effecting the same purpose, but what we believe to
be new and therefore claim as our invention is:-
Hardening and tempering serrated or Garnett saw teeth, whilst the backbone or rib
remains softer than the teeth, for purposes as described.
Dated this 10th day of Anril 1880