IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIMATIC APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Jeffreys, of Drymona, Upper Norwood, in the
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIMATIC
APPARATUS."
Sealed the 27th December 1864, and dated the 25th July 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Jeffreys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
July 1864.
I, JULIUS JEFFREYS, of Drymona, Upper Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLIMATIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My first improvement is an apparatus acting on the principles of the respi-
rator, and consisting of a metallic case which guides the breath currents not
horizontally as in that instrument, but vertically and alternately downwards and
upwards through coils of fine wire, separated or not by intervening and parallel
plates of metal. By this arrangement an effect is obtained corresponding with
the gradative conduction of a true respirator.
This apparatus is either so placed in a fold of cloth as to be indistinguishable
from a handkerchief wrapper when tied round the face, or it is formed into an
instrument to be held in the hand and applied to the mouth or to the mouth
and nostrils.
My second improvement relates to the respirator. I dispense with the metal
lattices which carried the several layers of the wirework by forming these
layers of bruized wire which when coiled into flat skeins form self-supporting

page_text: and straight and parallel lines of wire; these lines are then held in their
position at minute distances apart by transverse bands of flatted wire lying on
the inside of each skein across the top, middle, and bottom of it, these bands
are soldered to every upright wire of the skein, there being separate bands for
each of the layers of wire which form the two sides of the skein; several of
such skeins kept distinct from each other by slow conducting cords of silk
constitute together the operative portion of a respirator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julius Jeffreys, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
January 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
JEFFREYS, of Drymona, Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Julius Jeffreys, Her special licence that I, the said Julius
Jeffreys, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Julius Jeffreys, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIMATIC
APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julius
Jeffreys, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain, the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be, filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months, next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the. said Julius Jeffreys, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My first improvement is an apparatus acting on the principles of the respi-

page_text: rator, and consisting of a metallic case which guides the breath currents not
horizontally as in that instrument, but vertically and alternately downwards and
upwards through coils of fine wire separated or not by intervening and parallel
plates of metal. By this arrangement an effect is obtained corresponding with
the gradative conduction of a true respirator.
This apparatus is either so placed in a fold of cloth as to be undistinguishable
from a handkerchief wrapper when tied round the face, or it is formed into an
instrument to be held in the hand and applied to the mouth or to the mouth
and nostrils.
My second improvement relates to the respirator. I dispense with the metal
lattices which carried the several layers of the wirework by forming these
layers of bruised wire which when coiled into flat skeins or coils forms self-
supporting and straight and parallel lines of wire; these lines are then held
in their position at minute distances apart by transverse bands of flattened wire
lying on the inside of each skein across the top, middle, and bottom of it, these
bands are soldered to every upright wire of the skein, there being separate
bands for each of the layers of wire which form the two sides of the skein;
several of such skeins kept distinct from each other by slow conducting cords
of silk constitute together the operative portion of a respirator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a flat view; and Figure 2 an edge view of a thin plate a, of
metal or other substance carrying on each side of it, and from end to end,
cylindrical tubes b, b, b, contiguous to each other and formed of fine coiled wire
similar to that known as "bullion". A length of such bullion is carefully
wound round the plate slightly on the stretch that the coils may not touch
each other. One, two, or more of such plates mounted with wire cylinders
are placed together with a naked plate between each pair to keep the coils
on them from becoming entangled and constitute the operative part of the
apparatus.
This operative wire series is placed in a stiff case c, c, d, d. Figure 8 a face
view, and Figure 4 a section formed of a shorter plate c, c, the curve of which
fits against the lower lip and chin, and a longer one d, d, which is curved parallel
to c, c, but arches over it above to reach the upper lip, and leave enclosed a
mouth space e, e, to convey the breath currents to and from the operative
cylinders. The arrows show the currents of the breath when it is passing out
since the coils of wire are not massed together like the sides of a continuous
tube, but from the slight stretching bave merely a linear continuity, their
several portions acquire in use different grades of temperature, their warmest

page_text: portions being their upper ends next the mouth space, and their least warm
their lowest ends next the outer air. Thus that gradative heat conductive
action is established by which the utmost warmth desired can be recovered from
each ex-breath and the utmost also imparted to each succeeding in-breath. In
no other way can conductive action be so well established in a climatic appa-
ratus with vertical breath currents or currents running lengthways of the con-
ducting mass; but I also claim the employment for this purpose of wire of any
kind and aggregated in any manner.
Figure 5 shows the apparatus fixed in a scarf wrapper which screens it from
view, it is to be passed round the neck and tied over the apparatus in front.
On each side of the apparatus are fixed wire bars e, e, with eyes at top and
bottom and corresponding ones on the scarf which is locked to it by a piu g, g,
on each side passed through all the eyes. By removing the pins the apparatus
can be detached for use separately held in the hand or for being washed.
My improvement in the manufacture of the metal work of respirators is as
follows I produce each skein or flat coil of metal work by taking three
similar plates of thin metal each a little longer than the skein or flat coil to
be made and of the breadth of such coil. Each plate has at one end a narrow
notch, say a quarter of an inch long and at about one-eighth of an inch from
the other end of the plate there is a hole about an eighth inch in diameter.
These three plates are so placed upon each other that while the middle plate
has its notched end pointing one way the two outer plates have their notched
ends pointing the opposite way by which the hole in the middle plate lies
between and opposite to the notches of the two outer plates. The notch of the
middle plate comes between and opposite the holes of the outer plates. The
three plates being thus held I bind the three plates together with a narrow
band of flattened wire prèviously coated with a suitable solder by preference
made with tin and bismuth. This wire band traverses the longer sides of the
triplet of plates close to their edges, and if desired it is also stretched along the
mid line of the triplet on both sides forming a middle band parallel to the bands
at the edges. Upon the three plates thus banded wire (to form the operative
metal work of the skein or flat coil) is carefully wound cross ways around the
triplet of plates between the notch at the one end of it and the holes at the
other, the wire lying over both sides of the triplet in parallel lines but at
minute distances apart. A series of triplets thus wound with wire and having
blank plates between each pair of triplets is then heated in an oil bath until
the solder on the bands is well fused. The wire wound and heated triplets
are then placed under a metal press and retained under pressure till cold.
When cold the triplets are removed and the middle plate of each triplet is

page_text: withdrawn from between the two outer ones by means of power applied to two
stout wire loops or hooks, one of them passed through the two holes in the two
outer plates at one end of the triplet, and the other loop or hook through the
hole in the middle plate's hole at the other end of the triplet. The metal skein
or flat coil can then be withdrawn from off the outer plates. The skeins or
flat coils thus produced are lastly flattened in a press.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Jeffreys, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JULIUS JEFFREYS. (L.8.)