IMPROVE- MENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Coleman, of Chelmsford, in the County of
Essex, Agricultural Implemant Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
"
Scaled the 23rd July 1858, and dated the 30th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Coleman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1858.
I, RICHARD COLEMAN, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to be as follows:-
.
My Invention of improvements in agricultural implements relates, first, to..
apparatus or gear for raising or lowering the tines, hoes, or other instruments.
used in ploughing, hoeing, or scarifying land. Hitherto, implements for this
purpose in which more than ouc instrument of operation has been combined
in one machine or implement, and in particular the hoeing or scarifying..
implement, for which a Patent was granted to me, bearing date the Twenty-
second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-five, the gear or apparatus for imparting motion by hand to raise or
lower the instruments of operation has consisted of a single lever fixed on the
barrel or shaft, to which all the instruments were connected, and thereby
moved; the length of the lever necessary for this purpose I have found very
objectionable, as it projects too far behind the machine, and moves an extent
inconvenient for use. According to my present Invention I place this hand
lever on a fulcrum fixed near the forepart of the framework of the machine,
and connect it by a link or connecting rod, with an arm or lever fixed on the
barrel, with which the instruments are connected. I also apply a second hand

page_text: lever, the short end of which I connect. to the first hand lever by a suitable
link or piece of chain, which can be hooked or unhooked as required. The
second hand lever I cause to act on the first lever, thus affording a compound
leverage when great power is required to move the instruments in the ground,
additional power being thereby gained. This application of the second hand
lever also brings the first hand lever within reach of the attendant, in which
position this first lever will of itself be sufficient for the purposes of the
machine.
Secondly, to a further improvement in hoeing, ploughing, or scarifying
implements consists in extending the breadth of the framework at the back
part, and placing instruments to act on the soil immediately behind the wheels,
thereby cutting up and obliterating the track of the wheels, and treating that
part of the ground in the same manner as .that operated on by the other
instruments of the machine.
The third part of my Invention relates to the fixing of the shares, scarifiers,
or hocs of agricultural implements to the prongs, tines, coulters, or other parts
by which they are carried.
Fig. 1 represents the side view of a tine a, with a scarifier or other instru-
ment for acting on the soil, partly in section, and as attached thereto;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. The end of the tine a is furnished with
shoulders c, c, and a part d, which is received into a cavity or mortice in the
share, scarifier, or other instrument b. The instrument b is dropped on over d;
the upper part of d forms a projection, on which the part f of 6 hooks; the
cheeks or shoulders 61, 6, abut against the shoulders c, c, and form a rigid
support. Holes are made through b' and d which coincide with each other
when in position, and through which a wood pin is inserted. The dotted lines
in Fig. 2 represent a broad scarifier, which is merely to show that the shape
of the instrument may be varied, although retaining, the same method of
attaching, which may also be the case with reference to the tine or holder. a.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed-
by the said Richard Coleman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
COLEMAN, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Agricultural Implement
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Coleman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Coleman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Coleman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, 'an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Coleman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause tho
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Coleman, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of improvements in agricultural implements relates, first, to
apparatus or gear for raising and lowering the tines, hoes, or other instruments
used in ploughing, hoeing, or scarifying land. Hitherto, implements for this
purpose in which two or more instruments of cultivation have been com-
bined in one machine or implement, and in particular the hoeing or
scarifying implement, for which a Patent was granted to me, bearing date
the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five, the gear or apparatus for imparting motion by hand
to raise or lower the instruments of operation, has consisted of a single lever
fixed on the barrel or shaft to which all the instruments were connected and
thereby moved. The length of the lever necessary for this purpose I have
found very objectionable, as it projects far behind the machine, and moves an
extent inconvenient for use. According to my present Invention, I place
this hand lever on a fulcrum fixed near the forepart of the framework of
the machine, and connect it by a link or connecting rod with an arm or
lever fixed on the barrel with which the instruments are connected. I also
apply a second hand lever, which I connect to the first hand lever by a suitable
liuk or piece of chain, which can be hooked or unhooked as required. The

page_text: second hand lever I cause to, act on the first lever, thus affording a compound
leverage when great power is required to move the instruments- in the ground,
additional power being thereby gained, or it may be merely to bring the long-
hand lever within reach. This application of the second hand lever also brings
the first hand lever within reach of the attendant, in which position this first
lever will of itself be sufficient for the purposes of the machine.
Secondly, to a further improvement in hoeing, ploughing, or scarifying
implements, which consists in extending the breadth of the framework at the
back part, and placing instruments to act on the soil immediately behind the
wheels, thereby cutting up and obliterating the track of the wheels, and
treating that part of the ground in the same manner as that operated on by,
the other instruments of the machine.
I
The third part of my Invention relates to the fixing of the shares, scarifiers,
or hoes of agricultural implements to the prongs, tines, coulters, or other parts
by which they are carried.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 of the Sheet of Drawings represents a perspective view of an agri-
cultural implement furnished with parts according to the first and second
parts of my Invention. The general principle and arrangement of the
implement is such as described in my former Patent, herein-before referred to,
and well known as a parer, scarifier, or cultivator. It consists of a frame a, a,
set upon wheels, which has a number of tines or coulters b, b, mounted on
fulcra c, c, c, supported in frame a, by moving them on which the operating
instruments are raised from or inserted in the ground. The head of each of
the tines or coulters 6 are all united to a lever barrel d by links e. Heretofore
a hand lever has been fixed to or placed in direct communication with this
barrel, by which motion was given to it by hand to act on the cultivating
instruments as desired. As before mentioned, this was attended with this
inconvenience, that the leverage was too little for obtaining the power
required, or the range of motion of the lever too extensive and inconvenient
to work. To obviate this objection I use a compound leverage or a combination
of levers, as represented. I mount the long hand lever f on a fulcrum at g
in the fore part of the frame, and connect this lever with the long arm h of
the barrel d by a connecting rod or link i, so that any motion communicated
to the lever facts upon the barrel d, and thence on the cultivating instruments.
The weight of the cultivating instruments counterbalances the weight of the
lever f, and always tends to raise it towards the position shewn dotted, in
addition to which the cultivating instruments usually tend to enter. the ground

page_text: deeper. In the position shewn dotted the lever f is out of reach of the
attendant, and this while the cultivating instruments are fully inserted in the
soil. In order that he may operate upon it, I mount a second hand lever k
on a fixed fulcrum at the rear of frame a, and connect this lever by a chain l,
or other suitable connection. Supposing the cultivating implements 'to be
lowered and the lever f in the dotted position, the attendant walking behind
the implement can hold the hand lever k, and readily act on the lever f, so as
to raise the cultivating instruments out of the ground, or allow them to sink
deeper (if they are not then at their lowest position). When the lever f has
been drawn to the position shewn full, the attendant can then take hold of
the end of that lever, and control it directly by. hand, it being of such pro
portions as to afford the leverage required for the purpose; he can further
disconnect the chain from the lever k, while so controlling lever f..
Iinstead of mounting the tines or coulters b, b, on fulcra as in the
Drawing annexed, they may be fitted to slide in vertical sockets in frame a, and
attached to an upper frame on which the compound leverage or combination of
levers is fitted, and brought. to bear so as to elevate or depress such upper
frame, and with it the cultivating instruments as required, or the tines may
be otherwise connected with the compound levers.
Instead also of the paring or scarifying implements shewn, the implement
may be fitted with ploughs, spuds, hoes, or other implements for operating
upon the soil. In order to lower or raise the frame a from the ground, the
wheels m are mounted on vertical stems n, n, sliding freely in sockets o, o.
The upper part of stems n, n, are fitted on a joint pin in the hand levers p, p,
the fulcrum q of which is supported on a link r, jointed at bottom to frame a.
The band lever p moves in a fixed segmental guide s, on which it is fixed in
position as usual.
Figure 1 also represents the second part of my Invention, which consists
in disposing paring or other instruments of cultivation to operate upon the
-soil immediately behind, and so as to obliterate the track of the wheels; b¹, b¹,
are these instruments, which are supported on an extension a¹ of the frame a
at either side. The lever barrel d is also suitably extended, and parts are
ctherwise furnished whereby the instruments are acted on simultaneously and
similarly with the other instruments of the apparatus or implement as will be
readily understood.
Figure 2 represents the side view of a tine a, with a scarifier or other
instrument for acting on the soil as attached thereto according to the
third part of my Invention; Figure 3 is a plan, while Figure 4 is vertical,
and Figure 5 a horizontal section of the same. The end of the tine u

page_text: is furnished with shoulders c, c, and a thinner part d, which is received in
a cavity or mortice in the share, scarifier, or other instrument b, which is
dropped on over d. The upper part of d forms a projection on which the part
f of 6 hooks. The cheeks or shoulders b', 6', abut against the shoulders c, c,
and form a rigid support for the instrument 6; holes are made through b
and d, which coincide with each other when in position, and through which a
wooden pin is inserted.
The dotted lines in Figure 5 represent a broad parer or scarifier, which is
merely to shew that the shape of the instrument may be varied, although
retaining the same method of attaching which may also be the case with refe-
rence to the tine or holder a.
Figure 6 represents a vertical, and Figure 7 a horizontal, section of a modi-
fication of the foregoing arrangement of fastening cultivating instruments to
their tines or holders. In this case the parts are the same, excepting that the
part d is furnished with vertical ribs x, x, on either side, which are received
into corresponding grooves or cavities in the socket of the instrument b. The
other parts being as before described require no further description.
⚫ Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that I claim, as my Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the combination and arrangement of levers fand as applied to
agricultural implements, in which two or more parers, scrapers, or other
cultivating instruments are combined, as herein-before described with reference
to Fig. 1 of the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly, I claim the application of cultivating instruments behind and in
the track of the wheels in agricultural implements as herein-before described.
And, thirdly, I claim the mode or modes of fastening cultivating instru-
ments to their tines or holders as herein-before described and shewn in
Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, of the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Coleman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
RICHARD COLEMAN. (L.S.)
WILLIAM CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.