Improvements in Reflectors for Electric Lamps, and in Supports for the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 26th M r., 1897-Accepted, 1st May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Reflectors for Electric Lamps, and in Supports for
the same.
We, FREDERIC ALFRED ANDERSON, Analytical Chemist, and WILLIAM
GORDON WATERMAN, Secretary of a Public Company, both of Dock House,
Billiter Street in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
--
The reflectors for electric lamps now in use cannot be placed in a position with
reference to the incandescent filament, to give the best effect. Reflectors besides
on the present system must be made unnecessarily large or much light would
escape them and they are liable to throw bright lines and images of the filament
on a table beneath owing to the loop of the filament being too far from the focus of
the reflector.
According to our invention we make an aperture in the centre of the reflector
through which the upper part of the bulb of the lamp projects. This arrangement
admits of a comparatively small reflector being used which nevertheless embraces
all the light from the lower part of the filament; the reflector at the same time
allowing small amount of light from the upper part of the filament to pass over
the top of the reflector to illuminate the ceiling and walls.
This reflector may be either fitted to the lamp or so supported that it may be
adjusted to the best position. In the case of spherical or parabolic reflectors of
short focus, the focal point of the reflector can be adjusted to the loop or brightest
part of the filament, thus avoiding to the greatest possible extent the formation of
images or bright lines.
.
The reflector may be attached to the lamp fitting by clips on the reflector
embracing the lamp holder and adjustable in position upon it as far as the length
of the holder admits. Or the reflector may be connected by arms to a ring which
encircles the lamp holder and can be made fast upon it by a screw or a spring ring
may be employed. In some cases we provide the ring which encircles the lamp
holder with flexible arms which pass down from it through guides on the back of
the reflector. The reflector can then be moved up or down along the flexible arms
to adjust it to the position required.
Dated this 12th day of January 1897.
FRED. A. ANDERSON.
W. GORDON WATERMAN.
COMIT DIE SI DUITIVATION.
Improvements in Reflectors for Electric Lamps, and in Supports for
the same.
We, FREDERIC ALFRED ANDERSON, Analytical Chemist, and WILLIAM
GORDON WATERMAN, Secretary of a Public Company both of Dock House,
Billiter Street in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The reflectors for electric incandescent lamps now commonly used cannot be

page_text: :
5
placed in such a position with reference to the incandescent filament as to give the
best effect. Reflectors, for example, fixed to the lamp holder, must be made very
large to subtend any considerable angle. According to our invention an aperture
is made in the centre of the reflector, through which the collar and part of the bulb
of the lamp pass, and the reflector may be adjusted to any position desired in
reference to the filament, and moreover a small reflector will subtend a very large
angle. By raising or lowering the reflector, whether conical or spherical, the
light may be concentrated upon a small area, or diffused over a larger area at will,
and any desired effect may be obtained, including adjustment of the focus of a
curved reflector as accurately as possible to the filament.
Our reflector permits the light from the straight in and out branches of the
filament to escape and illuminate the ceiling and walls of the room: this avoids the
gloomy appearance noticed when the whole of the upward light is intercepted, and
utilizes light which is otherwise wasted.
Our reflector, which may be made of glass, metal, or any suitable material, may
be merely rested on the lamp bulb, in which case it does not permit of adjustment,
or preferably may be attached to the lamp or lamp holder in such a way that it
may be raised or lowered, or turned at an angle. We describe below some of the
means we employ for this purpose.
As our reflector is capable of being made so small, it may be used as an addition
to many of the existing shades or bells without inconvenience and with marked
benefit.
Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of a conical reflector on our
system. A is the ordinary pendant lamp holder, with lamp L and conical opal
shade (shown in section at K). Just below the milled ring M of the shade carrier
the ring B is passed over the lamp holder and secured by a set screw C. From the
ring B arms DD project, carrying the pins E, E, projecting vertically downward.
The reflector R is provided with tubes F. F. within which the pins E E slide
stiffly, so that the reflector remains in any position, given to it.
Figure 3 is an elevation and Figure 4 a plan, of a spherical or saucer shaped
reflector, showing different means of support. A is the lamp holder. B is a ring,
occupying the position of the opal shade in Figure 1, and secured by the milled
"ring M. The ring B is furnished with arms C. C. to which are pivotted the
arms D. D. The arms D. D. are pivotted to arms E. E. which are pivotted to
the reflector R. The rivets securing arms D. D. to arms E. E. may be replaced
by screws to clamp the joints securely when the reflector is in position. In
addition to being raised and lowered, this means of attachment permits the reflector
to be placed at any angle.
·
+
Figure 5 is an elevation, and Figure 6 a plan, of a conical corrugated reflector ;
B is a ring secured to the lamp-holder by the set screw C, as in Figure 1. To the
ring B are secured springs D. D. D. which may be flat or of wire as shown, which
slide stiffly in guides E. E. E. upon the reflector. This means of attachment
permits of a certain amount of angular movement as well as the vertical.
Figure 7 is an elevation, and Figure 8 a plan of a reflector furnished with
springs A AA, which are designed to grip either on the lamp as shown, or on the
lamp cap or lamp holder.
The reflectors may be of any shape or material suitable for the purpose, and
may be fixed in any of the ways described or otherwise.
In standard fittings the lamps are sometimes reversed in position: these reflectors
are nevertheless still applicable but it is then the other extremity of the lamp bulb
which projects through the aperture in the reflector.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. Reflectors for incandescent electric lamps with an aperture through which the

page_text: upper part of the bulb projects so as to permit of the reflecting surface being
brought as near as may be desired to the source of light.
2. The methods described for attaching such reflectors to the lamp or lamp-
bolder whereby provision is made for adjusting the position of the reflector in.
relation to the source of light.
Dated this 23rd day of March 1897.
FRED. A. ANDERSON.
W. GORDON WATERMAN.