IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CASES, BARRELS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Green, of Whitehorse Lane, Mile End Road,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CASES, BARRELS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 5th January 1858, and dated the Sth July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Green at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th July 1857.
I, GEORGE GREEN, of Whitehorse Lane, Mile End Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of casks and barrels several different operations are
necessary, and my present improvements refer to machinery for sawing,
jointing," and backing the staves; sawing, "smuggling," and turning
the heads, and "splaying" the iron hoops.
The improvements in sawing machinery consist in the employment of a
band or endless saw, in combination with a "fence" capable of moving
freely laterally, as described in the Specification of a former l'atent granted
The fence is pressed by the lever, which presses the wood against
it in contact with a suitably shaped template upon the back of the rack,
which advances the wood to the saw, or a revolving template instead of a
straight one may be used; the wood in this case would be advanced to the
saw by a feed roller, or by rollers instead of a rack.

page_text: The improvements in backing machinery consist, firstly, in the use of a
cutter block (revolving) having a groove or recess sunk in its middle from
its exterior surface towards the centre of its shaft. Two cutters are placed
on either side of this recess; the cutter block is placed in a frame capable
of rising and falling freely, or of being fixed. Through this recess passes
a pressure lever, acted upon by a weight or spring, and capable of being
fixed when required; this lever is for the purpose of keeping the stave down
firmly upon the bed of the machine. The wood passes between this lever
and the bed of the machine, and is advanced by means of an endless chain
or by a long screw, as in an iron planing machine. The wood after being
thicknessed in this machine has a rib left projecting from the back. The
second improvement is intended to cut off this rib left on by the first
machine, and is constructed as follows:-On either side of a narrow cutter
block, and level with the edges of the cutters, is a support for the stave; over
the centre of the revolving cutter block is a fluted feed roller, or the stave may
be pushed through the machine by hand; the stave passes through the machine
with the "rib" downwards, which rib is removed or cut off by the cutters.
My improvements in machinery for jointing the staves consist in the
application of an endless or band saw working in combination with tem
plates, or a series of templates made so as to give different "bouges" to
the stave, and fixed on one board or plate, or made in a board or plate.
The carriage on which the stave is placed is guided by rollers or by forks
working in or on the template, and the rollers or forks are made so as to
shift on the carriage and work in or upon the template necessary to give the
proper bouge to the stave. An endless leather or other band, the upper
surface of which is level with the top of the table, revolves slowly but con-
stantly during the time the saw is in action, and is so placed that the pieces
sawn off the edges of the staves drop upon and are removed by it. In
front of the saw, and on the top of the machine, is a box or barrel con-
taining a spiral spring; on the lid of this box is a screw arranged so as to
regulate the quantity of wood to be sawn off. This box or barrel is partly
turned on its axis or arbor by the wood pressing against it, and immediately
the end of the stave has passed it, it returns to its original position.
The improvements in machinery for sawing and "smuggling" staves or
wood for heading are as follows:-A bed and travelling carriage or. drag,
similar to that of a veneer sawing machine are made. The wood to be sawn
and smuggled, or sawn or smuggled, is firmly held by clamps or dogs; a band
or endless saw is placed in front of the travelling carriage, and is arranged so
as to adjust according to the thickness required to be sawn off the wood. In

page_text: advance of the saw are cutters revolving horizontally or vertically, whichever
may be preferred, and projecting as much farther from the drag or carriage as
the thickness of the piece to be sawn off requires. These cutters first
"smuggle" the piece of heading, which then passes on to the saw and is
sawn off; the carriage then returns, and the operation repeated as many
times as there are pieces of heading to be sawn off.
Another improvement in machinery consists in the employment of rotary
cutters instead of plane irons,as in the ordinary machine, for planing flooring
boards; the machine being in every other respect the same as the ordinary wood
planing machine. I prefer using two revolving cutters, the first one cutting
against the grain of the wood, and the second revolving in the contrary direc-
tion, thus saving the great power necessary to drag the wood over the plane
irons, and preventing the tearing up the wood, as is usual in cross-grained
wood with plane irons. When the wood will permit of its use, a double
plane iron very finely set, may be fixed behind the last revolving cutter.
The improved machinery for turning the heads is constructed as follows:-
The head is pressed up against a surface chuck, as in a common lathe, by a
dog. The improved dog has a centre projecting from its middle, beyond the
teeth at the extremities of the dog,which centre or point must be placed in the
centre of the head,and pressed up by the back mandril; the head will then be
chucked immediately and truly with its circumference. On top of the slide
rest, in which is placed the tool for cutting the head to its proper diameter, is
a hand rest made to turn on a joint at its end furthest from the chuck or face
plate, so as to be thrown back out of the way of the head when being cut to
its proper diameter, or the hand rest may be made to slide endways, so as to
be out of the way when not required to be used, thus rendering it unnecessary
to remove the tool used for cutting the head to its proper diameter, and to
refix the same every time a head is turned, as is the case at present.
My improvements in machinery for splaying the iron hoops and giving
them their circular shape are as follows:-A hammer is made to reciprocate
rapidly by meaus of a crank or eccentric, the face of the hammer being
rounded like a cooper's splaying hammer, and the face of the anvil made
hollow, or the reverse. The face of the hammer may be fixed at an angle
or "askew," so as to imitate the splaying by hand. The anvil is made to
adjust in height according to the thickness of the hooping and the splay re-
quired. The hooping is passed through the machine (or under the hammer)
by means of a pair of feed rollers; the speed of which is regulated according
to the splay required to be given to the hoop.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, GEORGE
GREEN, of Whitehorse Lane, Mile End Road, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Green, Her special licence that I, the said George Green,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Green, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might nake, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS, BARRELS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Green,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Green, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the manufacture of casks and barrels several different operations are
necessary, and my present improvements refer to machinery for sawing,
jointing, and backing the staves; sawing, "smuggling," and turning the
heads, and "splaying" the iron hoops.
The improvements in sawing machinery consists in the employment of a
band or endless saw in combination with a "fence" capable of moving freely
laterally, as described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me.
The fence is pressed by the lever, which presses the wood against it, towards,
in contact with a suitably shaped template upon the back of the rack, which

page_text: advances the wood to the saw, or a revolving template instead of a straight
one may be used; the wood in this case would be advanced to the saw by a
feed roller or by rollers instead of a rack.
The improvements in backing machinery consist, firstly, in the use of a
cutter block (revolving) having a groove or recess sunk in its middle from its
exterior surface towards the centre of its shaft. Two cutters are placed on
either side of this recess; the cutter block is placed in a frame capable of
rising and falling freely, or of being fixed. Through this recess passes a
pressure lever acted upon by a weight or spring, and capable of being fixed
when required; this lever is for the purpose of keeping the stave down firmly
upon the bed of the machine. The wood passes between this lever and the
bed of the machine, and is advanced by means of an endless chain, or by a
long screw, as in an iron planing machine. The wood after being thicknessed
in this machine has a rib left projecting from the back. The second
improvement is intended to cut off this rib left on by the first machine, and
is constructed as follows:-On either side of a narrow cutter block, and level
with the edges of the cutters is a support for the stave; over the centre of
the revolving cutter block is a fluted feed roller, or the stave may be pushed
through the machine by hand; the stave passes through the machine with
the "rib" downward, which rib is removed or cut off by the cutters.
My improvements in machinery for jointing the staves consist in the
application of an endless or band saw working in combination with templates,
or a series of templates made so as to give different "bouges" to the stave,
and fixed on one board or plate, or made in a board or plate. The carriage
on which the stave is placed is guided by rollers or by forks working in or on
the template, and the rollers or forks are made so as to shift on the carriage
and work in or upon the template necessary to give the proper bouge to the
stave. An endless leather or other band, the upper surface of which is level
with the top of the table, revolves slowly, but constantly, during the time
the saw is in action, and is so placed that the pieces sawn off the edges of the
staves drop upon, and are removed by it. In frout of the saw, and on the
top of the machine, is a box or barrel containing a spring; on the lid of this
box is a screw arranged so as to regulate the quantity of wood to be sawn off.
This box or barrel is partly turned on its axis or arbor by the wood pressing
against it, and immediately the end of the stave has passed it, it returns
to its original position.
The improvements in machinery for sawing and smuggling" staves or
wood for heading are as follows:-A bed and travelling carriage or drag,
similar to that of a veneer sawing machine are made. The wood to be sawn

page_text: and smuggled, or sawn or smuggled, is firmly held by clamps or dogs; a band
or endless saw is placed in frout of the travelling carriage, and is arranged so
as to adjust according to the thickness required to be sawn off the wood. In
advance of the saw are cutters revolving horizontally or vertically, whichever
may be preferred, and projecting as much farther from the drag or carriage
as the thickness of the piece to be sawu off requires. These cutters first
"smuggle" the piece of heading, which then passes on to the saw and is
sawn off. The carriage then returns, and the operation is repeated as many
times as there are pieces of heading to be sawn off.
Another improvement in machinery consists in the employment of rotary
cutters instead of plane irons, as in the ordinary machine, for planing flooring
boards; the machine being in overy other respect the same as the ordinary
wood planing machine. I prefer using two revolving cutters, the first one
cutting against the grain of the wood, and the second revolving in the
contrary direction, thus saving the great power necessary to drag the wood
over the plane irons, and preventing the tearing up the wood, as is usual in
cross-grained wood with plane irons. When the wood will permit of its use,
a double plane iron very finely set may be fixed behind the last revolving
cutter.
:
The improved machinery for turning the heads is constructed as follows:-
The head is pressed up against a surface chuck, as in a common lathe, by a
dog. The improved dog has a centre projecting from its middle, beyond the
teeth at the extremities of the dog, which centre or point must be placed in
the centre of the head, and pressed up by the back mandril; the head will
then be chucked immediately and truly with its circumference.
On top of
the slide rest, in which is placed the tool for cutting the head to its proper
diameter, is a hand rest made to turn on a joint at its end furthest from the
chuck or face plate, so as to be thrown back out of the way of the head when
being cut to its proper diameter, or the hand rest may be made to slide
endways, so as to be out of the way when not required to be used, thus
rendering it unnecessary to remove the tool used for cutting the head to its
proper diameter, and to refix the same every time a head is turned, as is the
case at present.
My improvements in machinery forsplaying the iron hoops, for giving them
their circular shape, are as follows:-A hammer is made to reciprocate rapidly
by means of a crank or eccentric, the face of the hammer being rounded like
a coopers' splaying hammer, and the face of the anvil made hollow, or the
reverse. The face of the hammer may be fixed at an angle or "askew" so as
to imitate the splaying by hand. The anvil is made to adjust in height

page_text: .
according to the thickness of the hooping and the splay required. The
hooping is passed through the machine (or under the hammer) by means
of a pair of feed rollers; the speed of which is regulated according to the
splay required to be given to the hoop.
Sheet 1 is a ruachine for sawing doublets, tongues, &c. Figure 1 is a side
view, Figure 2 an end view, and Figure 3 a plan. A is a table similar to
that of an ordinary circular saw, but having a band saw B instead of a
circular saw. The fence C has a dovetail projection D on its under side,
which slides laterally in a dovetail groove E (shown at Figure 4) in the top
of the machine; on the back of fence C is a roller F; G is a spring, acting
upon the pressure roller; H is a template screwed on to the back of the rack
or sliding bar I; on the end of this bar is fixed the wooden tail piece J;
this rack or bar may easily be arranged so as to be driven up by the
machine. K is a stave or blank. The action of the machine is as follows:-
A template of the required shape is first fixed on the back of the bar I; the
fence is adjusted to its proper distance from the saw (the guide for the bar
or rack I being capable of moving across the machine), the stave is placed
between the pressure roller and the fence, which is thus kept in contact with
the template by the pressure of the spring G; the stave is then passed
(pushed) through the machine by the tail piece J, and the template and
stave move up together, and so produce the required cut. When straight
cuts are required to be made, the fence is fixed as in a common saw bench.
Sheet 2 is a machine for "backing" and thicknessing staves. Figure 1 is
a side view Figure 2 is a plan; Figure 3 is a section, shewing plainly the
curved bearing piece F; Figure 4 is a section, shewing the arrangement for
thicknessing staves. A is a table, upon which is fixed a block of metal B;
C is a carriage carrying a peculiar shaped cutter block D on one end, and
capable of vibrating on its other end on the shaft E. The peculiarity of the
cutter block 1) is that there is a groove or recess turned (sunk) in its middle
from its outside towards its centre, but not so deep as to weaken it too much.
Fixed to the vibrating carriage and extending into this recess is a curved
piece of iron or steel F, as shewn in Figure 3. The lower edge of this
curved piece is intended to be level with the inner corners of the cutters, and
to rest upon and hold firmly down the stave G whilst being operated upon by
the cutters. It will easily be seen that the curved picce F will rise and fall
with the inequalities of the wood, and prevent the cutters removing more than
the proper quantity of wood. Varied curves may be given to the backs of the
staves by projecting the outer corners of the cutters more or less. When it
is required to reduce the staves to a parallel thickness from end to end,

page_text: way
another arrangement, Figure 4, is adopted. The carriage C (with the cutter
block D) is fixed the required distance from the block B, by means of the
screws H, H, in the bow I; the curved piece F is removed, and a curved
lever J, on shaft K, is substituted; on the end of shaft K is a pressure
lever L, having suspended on its end the weight M. Whon a thick piece of
wood is drawn through the machine by the chain N (which and all the
arrangements for driving it, &c., are similar in every respect to the chain,&c.
of a common wood planing machine); the cutters remove all superfluous
wood excepting a narrow rib up the centre of the back of the stave, on which
rests the lever J, which moves up into the recess of the cutter block D. In
some cases intend making the cutter block a fixture, and the supporting
block to rise and fall, and to place the cutters sometimes above and some-
times below the block D. O, O, are the driving pulleys, one fast and one
loose. On the shaft E is keyed another pulley, which drives, by means of the
band Q, the cutter block D. R is a gut pulley, driven in any convenient
for working the feed motion, by means of the graduated gut pullies S, S,
which regulate the speed with which the wood passes through the machine.
Sheet 3 is a machine for removing the rib up the centre of the stave left
by the last machine. Figure 1 is an end view. Figure 2 is a side view,
Figure 3 is part of a longitudinal section through the centre of the machine,
and Figure 4 is a cross section through the centre of the machine, shewing
only the cutter block and one of the hollow supporting blocks. A is a table
supporting the hollow rollers B, B, turned to a suitable curve on their
peripheries, and which revolve in the large plummer blocks C, C; D is a
narrow cutter block, the shaft E of which passes through the hollow rollers
B, B, and revolve in the plummer blocks F, F; G is a heavy roller capable
of rising or falling in the slots H, H, and pressing on the upper surface of
the stave T. which is pushed through the machine by hand. This roller may
be fluted and easily arranged so as to be driven by power, and to feed the
wood through the machine if required so to do. The cutters are ground, and
fixed so as to form a portion of the circle turned on the peripheries of the
hollow rollers B, B. It will be easily seen that when the stave is passed
between the roller G and the cutter block D, the rib or wood projecting
from the back of the stave will be removed by the cutters.
Sheet 4 is a machine for jointing all kinds of coopers' staves. Figure 1 is
a side view, Figure 2 is an end view, Figure 3 a plan, and Figure 4 is a plan
A is a table having
of a series of templates placed one below the other.
a flap B capable of being adjusted to any required angle by means of the
screw C acting on shaft D, which has keyed on it the levers E, E, E.
On

page_text: the top of this flap is fixed the template F, having a series of curved grooves
G, G, G, G, made in it of the forms required to give different bouges to the
staves. II is a carriage, having rollers on its under side at each end, and
moving in the grooved template F. These rollers must be fixed on the
carriage by means of a screw passing through the centre of the roller, and
screwed into two iron plates (one on either end of carriage H), having a series
of holes tapped in them to agree with the template below.
When necessary
iu
to shift from one groove or template to another, it is necessary to remove the
rollers from one hole to another. On the top of the carriage H are two dogs
I, I, having two cranked levers J, J, working on pins K, K, each lever
carrying a swivel nut L, L, in its upper end. M is a light shaft, having one
end screwed with a right and the other end screwed with a left hand screw.
The stave N is placed under the claws J, J, of the dogs I. I, the shaft M is
then turned round by the hand wheel O, so as to nip or hold the stave firmly
down between the dogs and the carriage, thus taking all the wind out of the
staves so held. On the top of this carriage is a board (O), sliding across it,
and made to slide in a parallel direction by means of the dovetails on its ends,
or by two pinions on a shaft, as shewn by the dotted lines in the bottom
carriage, and a pair of short racks fixed to under side of sliding board O
any convenient way; on the top of this sliding board are arranged two slotted
slide pieces P, P, for the purpose of regulating the width of the staves at
their two ends. Q is a band saw arranged in the ordinary manner. R is a
leather or other baud, its upper surface, when the machine is in action, con-
stantly moving towards the back end of the machine, for the purpose of
removing the pieces of listing as they are sawn off the edges of the staves,
and may be driven in any convenient way by means of the shaft Rx. S is
a circular hollow box similar to the barrel of a watch, and, like it, containing
a spring, one end of this spring is fast to the outside of the barrel and the
other end to the cover, which is free to move partly round, the spring resisting
such movement; on the cover is a screw T, made to adjust so as to regulate
the quantity of wood to be cut off the edge of the stave. The action of this
screw and box is as follows:-When a stave is put on the carriage H it is
pressed up against the screw T, and there fixed by means of the dogs I, I,
the carriage is then moved forwards, when the screw gives way so as to
permit the stave to advance (which it would not do if fixed) until the end
of the stave passes it, when the spring immediately returns the screw to
its original position. The bar U is for the purpose of fixing the barrel S
in its proper place, which is in the middle of the stave, whatever may be its
length.

page_text: Sheet 5 is a machine for sawing and "smuggling" wood for heading of
casks. Figure 1 is a front view, Figure 2 an end view, and Figure 3 a plan.
A is a bed similar to a lathe bed, having a carriage B sliding on it lengthways.
On the top of B is a second carriage C sliding across it at right angles, and
being moved and adjusted in every respect the same as the drag of a veneer
sawing machine, which is well understood, but instead of the wood being
glued on to a rack as in a veneer sawing machine, in this case it is gripped
between dogs; D, D, are the two dogs, the upper jaws of which E, E, are
tightened or slackened by means of the screws F, F; the lower jaws G, G,
are fixtures and project about inch. F is a stave; H is a cutter block,
revolving horizontally on an upright shaft, and made so as to be slid nearer to
or further from the face of the bed A by means of the hand wheel I, which
moves a sliding dovetail plate carrying the cutter shaft bearings; J is an
ordinary band saw. The operation of the machine is as follows-The wood is
gripped by the dogs D, D. The cutters are set at the proper distance for
surfacing the wood as it progresses. After passing the cutters the wood comes
in contact with the saw, which then saws off a board or piece of heading; the
carriage carrying the wood is then reversed, the wood projected as at first by
means of the band wheel K, the machine put into action as at first, when a
second board will be cut off, and the operation may be repeated as often as
necessary.
I would remark that I do not confine myself to the use of a band saw in
this machine, nor to the employment of cutters rotating horizontally, as other
forms of saws may be used, and cutters caused to revolve other than in a
horizontal position.
Sixtlily, my improvements in "smuggling "parts of heads consist in the
substitution of rotatory cutters, with their edges slightly projecting above the
surface of a "plane box "or table, and placed where the first and second plane
irons of an ordinary wood planing machine are usually placed, and fixing
behind the second cutter a plane iron which smooths the surface of the wood
after it leaves the revolving cutters. I prefer that the first cutter should cut
against the grain of the wood, and that the second should revolve in the
opposite direction; by these means chips are made instead of shavings, and the
great power required to draw the board or piece of heading over the usual
number of plane irons saved. I intend placing the cutters askew in order
that pressure rollers may be applied directly over the cutters; but I do not
confine myself to cutters placed "askew." The board or piece of heading is
drawn over the cutters by means of a chain and hooks, or by feed rollers in the
usual way.

page_text: Seventhly, my improvement in machinery for turning heads is as fol-
lows-In my Patent of October 1st, 1852, the cutting tool is.fixed in an
ordinary tool box or top of a slide rest, and by that method it is necessary to
remove the tool every time a head is turned, and substitute a hand rest, to
enable the workman to turn the "basil" to the head by hand, as in an
ordinary lathe; instead of removing the cutting tool to enable me to sub-
stitute the hand rest, I make the hand rest to turn upon a joint at its end
furthest from the chuck plate, and connected with the top of the slide rest.
When cutting the head to its proper diameter, instead of removing the hand
rest I throw it back out of the way. The head may be pressed up against
the surface chuck by an improved dog, having a centre projecting from its
middle beyond the teeth at the extremity of the dog, such point or centre
being placed in the centre of the head and pressed up by the back mandril, I
have not, however, in practice found it necessary to do so, nor do I claim
such improved dog.
Eighthly, my machinery for splaying hoops is constructed as follows:-A
hammer having its pane downwards is made to reciprocate rapidly by means
of a crank or eccentric; below the hammer is placed an anvil made so as to
raise or fall according to the thickness of the hoop to be splayed. The hoop
iron is to be fed into the machine by means of a pair of rollers placed in front
of the hammer. After the hooping has been operated upon by the hammer it
passes between a second pair of rollers placed behind the hammer, and which
draw the hooping completely through the machine. The hooping may then
be passed between three rollers as in an ordinary plate bending machine, to
give it is circular shape. The amount of "splay" may be regulated by
raising or falling the anvil, or by increasing or decreasing the speed of the feed
rollers. I may mention that the pane of the hammer must not be made
parallel to the surface of the anvil, but nearer to it on one side than the other,
so as to strike the hoop more on one edge than towards the other.
.Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the mechanical parts soparately, nor do I confine myself to the details
herein shewn and described, as the same may be varied without departing
from my Invention, but what I claim is as follows,―
First, the combining a band saw with a moveable fence and template,
as described in respect to Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Second and Third, the combined machines for backing staves, shewn and
described in respect to Sheets 2 and 3 of the Drawings.

page_text: Fourth, the application of a series of templates, also the dogs for holding
the stave, also the band R, aud also the box and spring described in respect.
to Sheet 4 of the Drawings.
Fifth, the combining a band saw with revolving cutters for sawing and
smuggling at the same time heading for casks, as described in respect to
Sheet 5 of the Drawings.
Sixth, the combining rotary cutters and a plane iron for smuggling
heading, as above described.
Seventh, the tool hand rest herein described.
Eighth, the combination of machinery herein described for splaying hoops,
as described,
In witness whereof, I, the said George Green, have hereunto set;
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
GEORGE GREEN. (L.S.)