An Improved Method and Apparatus for Mixing and Conveying Acids for use in Nitro-glycerine and other Manufactures.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th July, 1897-Accepted, 25th Sept., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method and Apparatus for Mixing and Conveying
Acids for use in Nitro-glycerine and other Manufactures.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, Manufacturers, and ALLAN THOMAS
COCKING, Engineer, both of Lion Works, Witton, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a method of mixing and transmitting acids, and in
apparatus to be used for such mixing and transmitting. The invention is intended
principally for application to the manufacture of nitro-glycerine and gun-cotton,
but it may also be used for other manufactures where acids or similar liquids are to
be mixed and transmitted.
As applied to the nitro-glycerine and gun-cotton manufacture, the object of our
invention is to mix the nitric and sulphuric acids required more easily and
accurately, and to transmit, or convey the mixed acids from one part of the works
to another when mixed by means of a pipe line. For the purposes of the apparatus
we use a vacuum and air pressure, a vacuum for introducing the acid charge into
the measuring vessels, and the air pressure for mixing the acids and afterwards for
forcing the mixed acid along the pipe line.
In carrying our invention into effect according to one modification, we provide
a cast iron cylindrical vessel with dished or hemispherical ends and we mount this
vessel upon suitable standards to raise it above the ground level. Upon the vessel
we mount two upright iron cylinders of different capacities, one of which we use
to contain the nitric acid, and the other the sulphuric acid. We provide both
vessels with gauge glasses and suitable graduations, and we close the vesse's at
both ends. Between the lower part of each measuring vessel and the acid container
we apply a suitable pipe fitted with a controlling cock. To the upper parts of the
measuring vessels we connect pipes leading to a vacuum pump or a vacuum
reservoir. We thus evacuate both vessels, and then we open pipe connections
respectively to the sulphuric acid and nitric acid supply, and we run into the
vessels by means of the vacuum, charges of the respective acids, which charges we
measure by the graduated divisions opposing the gauge glasses.
The measured charges so introduced into the measuring vessels are discharged
into the aciu containing vessel by means of the taps herein before referred to, the
vacuum connection being meantime cut off and access to the air allowed a: the top
of the measuring vessels. The air discharge cock is also open at the top of the
containing vessel to allow the air to flow out as the acids flow in.
Along the bottom of the containing vessel we apply a perforated pipe connected
by a tap to a supply of compressed air. At the bottom of the acid containing vessel
we apply another cock connecting preferably to a lead discharge pipe leading from
the acid containing vessel or egg to that portion of the works where the mixed acid
is to be delivered. When the acids have been introduced into the containing
vessel compressed air is blown through for a time to cause thorough mixing and
the air cock at the upper part of the vessel is then closed, and the compressed air
is allowed to accumulate in the upper part of the containing vessel. The discharge

page_text: cock is then opened to a suitable extent, and the mixed acids are forced along the
pipe to the desired part of the works, in many cases as much as a mile away. The
pipe leading from the acid containing vessel through the works is arranged win
taps at both ends, and it is always kept filled with acid so as to avoid the introduction
of atmospheric air and consequent corrosion of the pipe or dilution of the acids by
atmospheric moisture.
Our apparatus may be used to mix and convey acid to any part of the works,
and it may also be used to return spent acid for the purpose of re-treatment and
recovery.
Although we prefer the apparatus hereinbefore described, it is to be distinctly
understood that its detail may be modified without departing from the essential
features of our invention.
Dated thi
1900
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
An Improved Method and Apparatus for Mixing and Conveying
Acids for use in Nitro-glycerine and other Manufactures.
We, GEORGE KYNOCH AND COMPANY LIMITED, Manufacturers, and ALLAN THOMAS
COCKING, Engineer, both of Lion Works, Witton, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
tatement:-
Our invention relates to a method of mixing and transmitting acids, and in
apparatus to be used for such mixing and transmitting. The invention is intended
principally for application to the manufacture of nitro-glycerine and gun-cotton,
but it may also be used for other manufactures where acids or similar liquids are to
be mixed and transmitted.
As applied to the nitroglycerine and gun-cotton manufacture, the object of our
invention is to mix the nitric and sulphuric acids required more easily and
accurately, and to transmit, or convey the mixed acids from one part of the works
to another when mixed by means of a pipe line. For the purposes of the apparatus
we use a vacuum and air pressure, a vacuum for introducing the acid charge into
the measuring vessels, and the air pressure for mixing the acids and afterwards for
forcing the mixed acid along the pipe line.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings which illustrate one method
of carrying our invention into effect;-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the acid measuring and mixing vessels.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.
We provide a cast iron cylindrical vessel B with dished or hemispherical ends
and we mount this vessel upon suitable standards B' to raise it above the ground
level. Upon the vessel we mount two upright iron cylinders A and A' of suitably
different capacities, one of which we use to contain the nitric acid, and the other
the sulphuric acid. We provide both vessels with gauge glasses A and suitable
graduations, and we close the vessels at both ends. Between the lower part of each
measuring vessel and the acid container we apply a suitable pipe fitted with a
controlling cock A³. To the upper parts of the measuring vessels we connect
pipes A leading to a vacuum pump or a vacuum reservoir and controlled by cocks A+.
We thus evacuate both vessels and we open pipe connections by cocks A res-
pectively to the sulphuric acid and nitric acid supply, and we run into the vessels

page_text: by means of the vacuum, charges of the respective acids, which charges we measure
by the graduated divisions opposing the gauge glasses.
The measured charges so introduced into the measuring vessels are discharged
into the acid containing vessel by means of the cocks A³ herein before referred to,
the vacuum connection being meantime cut off by closing the cocks A and access
to the air allowed at the top of the measuring vessels. The air discharge cock B³
is also open at the top of the containing vessel to allow the air to flow out as the
acids flow in.
Along the bottom of the containing vessel we apply a perforated pipe B* con-
nected by a tap B³ to a supply of compressed air. At the bottom of the acid
containing vessel we apply another cock B connecting preferably to a lead dis-
charge pipe leading from the acid containing vessel or egg to that portion of the
works where the mixed acid is to be delivered. When the acids have been intro-
duced into the containing vessel, compressed air is blown through for a time to
cause thorough mixing and the air cock B at the upper part of the mixing vessel
is then closed, and the compressed air is allowed to accumulate in the upper part
of the containing vessel. The discharge cock B is then opened to a suitable extent,
and the mixed acids are forced along the pipe to the desired parts of the works, in
many cases as much as a mile away. The pipe leading from the acid containing
vessel through the works is arranged with taps at both ends, and it is always kept
filled with acid so as to avoid the introduction of atmospheric air and consequent
corrosion of the pipe or dilution of the acids by atmospheric moisture.
Our apparatus may be used to mix and convey acid to any part of the works,
and it may also be used to return spent acid for the purpose of re-treatment and
recovery.
Although we prefer the apparatus hereinbefore described, it is to be distinctly
understood that its detail may be modified without departing from the essential
features of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In apparatus for measuring and mixing acids or other liquids, introducing
the acids or other liquids into their respective measuring vessels by means of
reduced pressure therein, and causing them to be mixed and then delivered by
compressed air, substantially as described.
2. The apparatus and arrangements for measuring, mixing and transmitting
acids or other liquids by (means of vacuum and compressed air, substantially as
described, and illustrated."
2004
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.