IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Anthony Dixon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1880.
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JOSEPH ANTHONY DIXON, of 175, West George Street, in the City of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING
MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME."
The nature and object of this Invention is the production of colouring matters
suitable for dyeing and printing, and belonging to the class of so called azo-colouring
matters by forming an azo-coupled compound, whereof the first molecule consists
(in addition to the N = N copula to which it is attached) of a residue or
modified molecule of one or other of the following bodies, viz.:-Any aromatic acid
of the benzol or napthalene series, or any alcoholic ether of such aromatic acid, or
a phenol of either of the said series, or any phenolic ether thereof, or the sulfo
substitution compound or sulfonic acid of the said bodies; and whereof the second
molecule consists of the amido compound of any of the following bodies, viz. :-
Of any benzolic or napthalenic hydrocarbon, or of any aromatic acid as afore-
said, or of any ether thereof as aforesaid, or of any phenol or phenolic ether as
aforesaid, or the sulfo substitution compounds of any of the said bodies. Or I
combine in like manner the diazo-compound or derivative of anilin or any of its
homologues (including napthylamine) with the amido compound of any aromatic
acid or ether thereof, or of phenol or napthol, or phenolic or naptholic ether, or
with the sulfonic acid of such amido compound, but not with aniline or its
homologues (that combination coupled afterwards with a phenol or sulfo phenol, or
napthol or sulfo-napthol, being already known). And then, after diazotising the
amido group of the azo-coupled compound molecule above described, I couple with
it a phenole or napthole. With regard to the employment of the sulfonic acids or
sulfo compounds of the bodies constituting the first or second molecule of the said
azo-coupled combination, or constituting the third molecule, it is optional either
to combine the said molecules after each of them has been sulphonated or to use
some only of them in the sulphonated form, or to use all of them without being
sulphonated, and in the latter case to sulphonate the colouring matter produced by
the combination of non-sulphonated molecules, in order to render the colouring
matter more soluble in water and better applicable to dyeing and printing than the
combination of non-sulphonated molecules would be. By aromatic acids I mean
the organic acids which contain a benzole or napthalenic residue, and which may
be considered as resulting from a modification in the side-chain or side-chains, or

page_text: prolonged side-chain or side chains attached to a benzolic or napthalenic nucleus,
by which modification a carboxyl group or groups is or are produced, and I include
such acids and the ethers thereof whether the nucleal hydrogen be further
substituted or not by any other group or groups, whether the amidogen, the
sulpho, the hydroxyl, the nitro, or any halogen group or groups, the same or different.
By the amido compounds hereinbefore mentioned as constituting the second molecule
of the azo amido molecule, I mean a benzolic or napthalenic residue, with the
amidogen group N H2, whether the nucleal hydrogen be further substituted or
not as aforesaid, and whether in the case of the amido acids and ethers of amido
acids, there is such further substitution of nucleal hydrogen in addition to the
carboxyl group or groups of the amido acid, or to the alkyl-substituted carboxyl
group or groups of the ether of such amido acid, or not, and in like manner under
the amido compounds of phenoles and naptholes or phenolic and naptholic ethers I
comprehend bodies answering to these designations, whether the nucleus be further
substituted as aforesaid or not.
The process by which I prepare the said colouring matters is as follows:-I take
the amido compound of any of the following bodies, viz., of an aromatic acid or
of its ether, or of a phenole or of a phenolic ether, or of any of the other bodies
herein before mentioned as constituting the first molecule, and by the reaction of
nitrous acid, or of a nitrite and hydrochloric acid, I form by a reaction well
known to chemists the chloride of the diazo compound or derivative of the amido
body used. After cooling I pour the solution of the chloride into the molecular
equivalent of any of the amido bodies mentioned as constituting the second
molecule, stirring the mixture and keeping it cool. There is thereupon produced,
in the first instance, a compound molecule in which the two constituent inolecules
are coupled by the mode or form of copula known as the diazo copula, and this, by a
process of molecular re-arrangement, is transformed into the isomeric amido-azo-
combination by the re-action of the bydrochlorate or other salt of the amido body
present in excess. The amido-azo combination is then diazotised as before, and
there is thus obtained the chloride of the diazo compound of the azo-coupled
composite molecule before mentioned. I then introduce into the solution of said
chloride the properly calculated combining quantity of any of the naptbols or other
phenoles in solution, or the sulpho acids of the same, care being taken to keep the
mixture constantly in an alkaline condition. The colouring matter formed (which
may or may not require to be subsequently sulphonated, according as sulphonic
acids have not or have been employed in its preparation as before mentioned) is
precipitated with common salt or other known means and purified in the ordinary
manner.
I do not mean to limit the extent to which diazotising may be carried, that is to
say, I do not mean to limit the number of molecules which may be linked together
by diazo and azo couplings, and finally combined with a phenole or napthol as
above mentioned.
In place of the phenoles or naptholes in the third molecule, I may substitute the
primary and tertiary aromatic monamines or the meta diamines. I may also use
instead of the diazotised compound, or derivative of anilin, or any of its homologues,
including napthylamine, as above mentioned; the diazo compound of any of the
higher non-homologous compounds which may be produced by combining with
anilin or any of its homologues, ethyl, methyl, or other alkyl or alkyls, or
combinations thereof, such as ethyl xylidine, ethyl methyl toluidine, diethylanilin,
and the like.