IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING."-A com-
munication.
Sealed the 6th October 1857, and dated the 7th August 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1857.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in transmitting the power which actuates the
mule in its in and out motions through cone pulleys, in combination with a
means of automatically shifting the band upon the cones, by which means a
great saving of machinery is effected, and varying velocity may be imparted to
the carriage suited to the requirements of the different parts of its traverse.
Secondly, this Invention consists in backing off the yarn at the moment the
spindles are stripped, by means of a friction clutch and stationary band, which
are brought into action by the rising of the stripping wire.
The third part of this Invention consists in winding on the yarns as the

page_text: carriage takes in, by means of the aforesaid clutch and band, which clutch is
regulated in its bite by the tension of the yarns, so that when the strain upon
the latter becomes too great, the under faller wire is depressed, thereby
opening the clutch and permitting the band which drives the spindles to slip,
and thus regulating the degree of tightness with which the yarn is wound.
The fourth part of this Invention consists in giving to the yarns a second
draft after the delivery of the ends has ceased. The carriage in its outward
movement is caused to strike a stop on a bar, and give a longitudinal move-
ment to that bar, which, by its connections will stop the delivery rolls, the
carriage in the meanwhile being allowed to proceed.
The fifth part of this Invention consists in operating certain motions upon
the carriage, such as the breaking up of the spindles, the backing off, and the
movement of the upper faller by the taking in scroll chain, which gives the
return motion to the carriage, whereby much of the complicated and expensive
machinery heretofore employed for the purpose of producing these motions
may be dispensed with.
The sixth part of this Invention consists in running the drum band over a
vibrating arm upon the carriage, and clamping it thereto at intervals, for the
purpose of backing off and winding up the yarn.
The Invention relates, seventhly, to the hanging of the stop, which holds the
carriage stationary while the second twist is put into a spring, so that it may
yield to prevent injury or breakage of the yarn.
The Invention consists, eighthly, in varying the obtuseness of the cone upon
different portions of the cop, through the instrumentality of a vibrating
block, which transmits-the-requisite motion to the endless faller wire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th February 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the s
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred Vincent

page_text: Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES
FOR SPINNING," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office.
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Fig. 1 is a plan of one form in which this mule is built, the carriage being
taken out; Fig. 2 is a side view, Fig. 3 an end view of the headstock; Fig. 4,
a view of the other end of the mule; Figs. 5, 6, and 7, are details of this
mule; Fig. 8 is a plan of a mule of a different construction, showing a portion
of the present improvements; Fig. 9, a side elevation of the same; Fig. 10,
a rear view; Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
details of the same.
This Invention consists, firstly, in transmitting the power which actuates the
mule in its in and out motions through cone pulleys, in combination with a
means of automatically shifting the band upon the cones, by which means a
great saving of machinery is effected, and varying velocity may be imparted
to the carriage suited to the requirements of the different parts of its traverse.
Secondly, this Invention consists in backing off the yarn at the moment
the spindles are stripped, by means of a friction clutch and stationary band,
which are brought into action by the rising of the stripping wire.
The third part of this Invention consists in winding on the yarn as the
carriage takes in, by means of the aforesaid clutch and band, which clutch is
regulated in its bite by the tension of the yarns, so that when the strain upon
the latter becomes too great, the under faller wire is depressed, thereby opening
the clutch and permitting the band which drives the spindles to slip, and thus
regulating the degree of tightness with which the yarn is wound.

page_text: The fourth part of this Invention consists in giving to the
draft after the delivery of the ends has ceased.
yarns a second
The fifth part of this Invention consists in operating certain motions upon
the carriage, such as the breaking up of the spindles, the backing off, and the
movement of the upper faller by the taking-in scroll chain, which gives the
return motion to the carriage, whereby much of the complicated and expensive
machinery heretofore employed for the purpose of producing these motions
may be dispensed with.
The sixth part of this Invention consists in running the drum-band over a
vibrating arın upon the carriage, and clamping it thereto at intervals for the
purpose of backing off and winding up the yarn.
This Invention also embraces certain details, which will be more particularly
specified hereafter, referring particularly to Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying
Drawings.
•
A is the headstock; B, the floor; C is the main driving pulley upon the
shaft D, from which motion is communicated through the band E, to the
operating parts of the machine; F is a pulley made fast to the shaft G, upon
which also revolves the loose pulley H. Upon the same shaft is secured the
ratchet wheel a, with which the pawl b, pivoted to the pulley, is kept in
contact by the spring c. When the band E is upon the drum F, the shaft G
is driven in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2, and the loose
pulley H remains stationary. When the band is shifted upon the pulley II,
the pawl b engages with the ratchet wheel a, and the shaft G is driven in the
same direction, so that the shaft G is driven constantly and uninterruptedly in
one and the same direction, whenever the machine is in operation, and
whether the driving band be upon one or the other of the pulleys F and H.
Upon the shaft G is also secured the cone I, the corresponding cone K being
secured to the shaft L, which runs in boxes in the end of the carriage ways
M, or in other suitable bearings upon the headstock. The shaft L carries at
its extremities pinions d, which engage with cog wheels N, upon the short
shafts e, projecting from the ways M, or otherwise suitably secured to the head-
stock; O, are drums secured to the cog wheels N, and having pins f upon
their peripheries. These drums cary the endless chains or bands P, which
take the carriage in and out. These bands pass over carrying rollers Q, which
run upon studs projecting from the carriage ways M; R, are arms pivoted to
the carriage at g¹, and secured to the endless band P at h, by which means as
the endless band revolves the carriage will be taken in and out.
The speed
of the carriage is to be so varied that it shall move out with a velocity suited
to the proper performance of the spinning operation, take in at a much more

page_text: rapid rate to economize time, and have its velocity checked immediately before
it reaches the headstock to prevent breakage, etc.
This variation in the
speed of the carriage is effected in the following manner :-T is a horizontal
shaft carrying the arms U, V, which is connected with an arm W, projecting
from the belt shipper X, which regulates the position of the belt Y; Z is a
lever of the form represented in Figs. 1 and 2, secured firmly beneath the
bottom of the carriage; A' is another lever pivoted at i, to the bottom of the
carriage. One end of this lever is borne up against the lever Z by the spring
k, as seen in Fig. 1, thus forming a switch which may be opened by pressing
in one direction, but not in the other. When the carriage commences to
take out, the belt shipper X, and band Y, are in the position seen in Figures
1 and 3, and the carriage takes out with its slow motion. When it arrives
near the end of its stretch, the arm V passes the switch formed by the levers Z
and. A', and as the carriage commences to take in, the arm V is carried over
by the lever A¹, by which means the belt shipper X is moved, and the band Y
is carried into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, and the carriage
takes in with its fast motion. Before it arrives at the inner end of its stretch,
the lever Z upon the carriage strikes the arm U, and presses it over again
into the position seen in Fig. 1, and the speed of the carriage is thus retarded
before it reaches the headstock, the band Y being left in the position required
to take the carriage out with its slow motion. I will now describe the manner
in which the spindles are driven as the carriage takes out.
The belt shipper
B', which governs the belt E, is attached to the vibrating shaft C, from which
rises the arm b. Beneath the carriage is secured a metallic plate, having two
inclined edges m, n, by which means the belt is shipped at the proper time,
as will be hereafter described. The twist pulley D' is secured to the loose
pulley H. While the carriage is taking in, the belt E runs upon the fast
pulley F, and the pulley H, no longer driven by the belt, is left free to turn
as driven by the cord E¹, the winding on being accomplished by other mecha-
nism, which will be hereafter described. When the carriage has reached the
forward end of its stretch, the inclined edge m, upon its under surface strikes
against the pin p, upon the belt shipper B¹, and the belt E is thrown upon
the pulley II, and the spindles are thus made to revolve as the carriage takes
out. The cord E', after leaving the twist pulley D', passes round the lower
disc of the friction clutch F¹, thence round the guide pulley q, upon the
carriage and over the stationary guide pulley G¹, thence round the inter-
mediate pulley H, which runs freely upon the spindlet of the friction clutch F',
thence round the driving drums I', from which motion is communicated to the
spindles, by means of the bands K. The spindles are thus driven as the

page_text: carriage takes out, and as the latter reaches the end of its stretch the incline
n, upon its under surface strikes against the arm of the shaft C, and the
belt E is shifted on to the pulley F, and the spindles are no longer driven by
the twist pulley D¹. The yarn is partly stripped and partly backed off as
follows-L' is the stripper or under faller wire, which is carried by arms
M', projecting from the shaft N'; O is the faller carried by arms P¹, upon
the shaft Q. It is held up when not in operation by the spring R¹, and is
connected with the building apparatus in a manner that will now be described.
1 is an arm projecting from the shaft Q, to which is hinged the Z-shaped
lever T, which vibrates upon the shaft U', which has its bearing on the
carriage. One end of this lever carries a pin c¹, which rests upon the surface
of the former V¹, as the carriage takes in and passes beneath it, as seen in
Figs. 2 and 5, as the carriage takes out. The former V₁ at its onter
extremity bends at an acute angle, as seen at W¹, Figs. 2 and 5.
d' is a
latch or switch pivoted to the "former" at the point e', which is raised
by the pin c¹, upon the lever T', as the carriage reaches the end of
its stretch. This latch is seen up in Fig. 5; ¹, are bearings rising
from the floor of the machine to which is hinged the former V¹, by the
long rods or bars f₁, so as to permit V¹ to rise and fall freely. This up-
and-down motion of the former is effected in the following manner :-A" is a
metallic plate sliding freely in mortices in the post B¹¹. This plate has two
inclines 9, upon which rest the rods f¹, which carry the former V¹. If now
the bar A be moved longitudinally in one direction or the other, the "former"
will be raised or lowered. This motion of the bar A" is produced as follows:-
h is a nut (Figs. 1 and 2), attached to the outer end of this bar, into which
works_the_screw_C",-which-runs in stationary bearings, and carries at its
extremity the ratchet wheel D". , Figs, 1, 2, and 4, is a pawl carried by
the arm, which rises from the shaft T. This shaft, as already explained,
vibrates with each in-and-out motion of the carriage, and through the above
connections turns the screw C" a certain distance each time the carriage
takes out, by which means the bar A" is moved longitudinally, and the
inclined planes g¹ sliding beneath the rods f¹, raise the former V₁ as required
to build the cop; m¹ is an arm projecting from the shaft N¹, which locks with
a catch in the arm b' projecting from the shaft Q. The spring E" attached
to the arm n', projecting from the shaft N¹, tends constantly to revolve the
latter and to raise the under faller wire L' when the arm m¹ is released from
the catch; p' is an arm projecting from the shaft N¹. To this arm is hung
by the adjustable connection q¹ the lever F", which is pivoted at the point r¹.
Through this lever F" passes the spindle t of the friction clutch F', the upper

page_text: disc of which slides freely upon this spindle, and is connected with the lever
F by means of collars (Fig. 2), so that when the lever is raised by the
depression of the under faller wire L', and the revolution of the shaft N¹, the
clutch is opened and the two discs revolve independently of each other.
When, however, the lever F is permitted to yield to the action of. its
spring G", the clutch is closed and its two parts revolve together; t¹ is
a pulley attached to the upper half of the clutch, and revolving with it; round
this pulley passes the cord H", which is attached at both ends u, v, to the
framework of the machine. When the friction clutch is closed and the
carriage is in motion, the cord H" drives the pulley t¹ and also the spindles.
This happens when the carriage is taking in, and the winding on is thus
effected. At such time it is evident that the driving belt E must run upon
the fast pulley F. The pulleys H and D', as before stated, are then permitted
to revolve as they are turned by the cord E¹. When the carriage takes out,
the belt E runs upon the pulley II, and the spindles are driven by the cord E¹.
At such times it is evident that the friction clutch should be opened, and this
is effected in the following manner:-The under faller wire L is depressed in
the usual manner by the arms I", which are suitably connected thereto, and
pass between the projections K" from the front of the roller beam, and the
shaft N is thus revolved until the arm m¹ passes beneath the catch ' and
through the connections p', q', F", the clutch is kept open.
The pin c upon the lever T¹ having passed over the end
the shaft Q' is revolved by the spring R', and the catch holds the arm m
fast. When the carriage reaches the end of its stretch the pin c¹ comes
in contact with the inclined plane W', up which it slides past the latch d¹, by
which means the shaft Q¹ is revolved, and the arm m¹ escapes from the
catch . As soon as this takes place the spring E" throws up the stripper L',
at the same instant the lever F" descends, the friction clutch is closed, and the
spindles through the cord II" and pulley t¹ receives a slight backward motion,
which backs off the balance of the yarn, the driving belt E having been
previously shipped on to the pulley F. The winding on may be accomplished
by the motion of the carriage in a manner analogous to that above described,
the extra cord II" being dispensed with, and the driving cord E¹ being caused
to perform the spinning as described, when the carriage takes out, and to
perform the winding on as it takes in. Fig 7 is a diagram for the purpose of
illustrating this method of winding on. 1 is the driving pulley or twist pulley
upon the headstock, 2 is a loose or carrying pulley upon the same shaft, 3, 4,
and 5 are loose pulleys upon a common shaft upon the carriage; 7 and 8 are
loose pulleys upon a stud at the lower end of the machine; 6 is a pulley
of the former V¹,

page_text: attached to the drum which drives the spindles. The pulley 3 is encircled by
a friction band or brake, which is operated by the faller and under faller in
manner precisely similar to that in which the friction clutch is operated. As
the carriage takes out, the twist pulley 1 drives the spindles and the spinning
is performed, all the other pulleys except 6 operating only as carrying pulleys.
When the carriage takes in, the pulley 3 is clamped fast and prevented from
turning, the driving belt at the same instant being so shifted that the pulley 1
becomes a loose or carrying pulley. The cord 9 being clamped to the carriage
is driven by it as it takes in, and the winding on is thus accomplished by the
motion of the carriage. Some contrivance becomes necessary to give an
equable surface motion to the cop during the winding on process, and this is
accomplished in the following manner:-The yarns on the way from the
delivering roller pass beneath the faller wire O¹ and over the under faller L³.
If now the tension of the yarns becomes considerable they depress the under
faller, and by means of the connection between it and the friction clutch, the
latter is opened or allowed to slip slightly until the under faller again yields to
the action of the springs E" and G", and thus the winding on is effected
under an uniform tension, whatever may be the size of the cop. Other parts
of the machinery not immediately connected with these improvements it
is deemed unnecessary to describe. The extreme simplicity of the mechanism
above described, results from the use of the cone pulleys for the purpose of
imparting the varying motion of the carriage. The operation of these cones
has been found to be most perfect, particularly where the lower cone has been
hunc muon ก weighted or spring lovar

page_text: instant, by the rising of the pin c¹ up the inclined plane W', the arm m' is
loosed from the catch and the under faller L' is thrown up; the friction
clutch F closing just before the carriage has completed its outward motion,
the spindles make a few retrograde revolutions and the balance of the yarn
is backed off. The pin c¹ has now ascended the inclined plane W' and passed
the latch d', and in so doing has depressed the faller wire O, which is now in
position to commence the building of the cop. The arm V upon the shaft T
having during the last moments of the outward traverse passed between the
levers Z and A¹, raising the point of the latter against its spring k, is now in
position to be operated upon by the lever A¹ for the purpose of shifting the
belt Y upon the cone pulleys into the position seen in dotted lines in Fig. 3,
and also by means of the pawl and ratchet wheel D", of giving motion to
the plate A", which raises at each traverse the "former," and thus guides the
building of the cop. The carriage now commences to take in with its fast
motion, the clutch F' remaining closed, the spindles are driven by the cord
II", as already explained; and should the yarn as the cop increases in size
become too tight, the under faller is depressed, which opens the clutch and
permits the discs to slip upon each other, and thus retard the motion of the
spindles as required. The pin c¹ upon the lever T¹ rests upon the surface of
the "former" V₁ as the carriage takes in, by which means the motion of the
faller is governed and the cop is formed. As it would not be safe to permit
the carriage to arrive under the speed with which it takes in before it reaches
the headstock, the lever Z strikes the arm U and shifts the belt Y into the
position seen in Fig. 1, and the motion of the carriage is eased off as it comes
in. The under faller is then depressed, and the friction clutch opened by the
passage of the arms I" beneath the projections Kthe arm m¹ passing beneath
the catch, which has the instant before been depressed by the dropping of
the pin cover the end of the former V. The incline m now strikes the
pin p upon the belt shipper B', and shifts the belt E on to the pulley H, and
the spinning again commences as the carriage takes out. It will be perceived
that the rotary motions of this mule, with the exception of the backing off of
the yarn, are all continuous, and thereby these machines may be run at a
speed far greater than can be attained where heavy cogged gearing is to be
constantly stopped and reversed, while the original cost of construction is
greatly reduced..
In Figs. 8 to 24 is represented a mule, having certain improvements attached
thereto not shown upon the machine above described.
In the said Drawings motion is communicated to the.operating parts of the
machine through the band A, which runs alternately upon a fast pulley B and

page_text: loose palley C; to the latter is attached the twist pulley a, which runs loosely
with it upon the main driving shaft D. The pulley C carries a spring click b,
Fig. 14, which engages with teeth c in the pulley B, and thus when the latter
pulley is driven, its teeth slip over the click and the pulley C is not driven, but
when the band A is upon the latter pulley, then the click b engaging with the
teeth of the other pulley drives it and the shaft D, which is thus driven con-
stantly in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 9, whether the band be upon the
pulley B or C. d is a carrying pulley, which runs loosely upon the shaft D
as it is driven by the drum band f. This shaft D carries a pinion E, which
engages with and drives a wheel G upon a short shaft H (Fig. 11), and also a
wheel F upon the scroll shaft I (Fig. 13), that will be more particularly
referred to hereafter. The wheel G is clutched and unclutched at intervals
with a pulley K, which carries a chain L, by which the draught rolls T² are
operated. This pulley and clutch are operated by a forked arm M attached
to a piece Q, which slides freely upon the back of the shipper N, to which it
is held by the screw f². The wheel F runs freely upon the shaft I (Fig. 13),
and may be clutched with either the drawing out scroll P or the take in
scroll O, or it may be left intermediate between the two without giving motion
to either of them. The shifting of the wheel F upon its shaft is effected in
part by the outward motion of the carriage, and in part by other means, as
will now be more fully explained. Q is a sliding bar lying beneath the track
of the carriage, and having attached to it at its forward end the arm R
furnished with a slot 9%, having two straight and one inclined branches
(Fig. 12), in which plays the end of a lever S, pivoted at h to the framework;
this lever carries a pin, which plays in a grooved hub attached to the wheel F.
As the carriage takes out towards the close of its stretch, it strikes against a
post T rising from the bar Q, Fig. 12 (seen also dotted in Fig. 9, and in plan
in Fig. 8), and moves this bar longitudinally, by which motion, firstly, the
delivery rolls are stopped, the carriage being permitted to proceed still farther
to effect a second or after draught upon the yarns; secondly, the wheel F is
unclutched from the scroll P, by which the outward motion of the carriage
is arrested. These operations are performed in order and as follows:-As the
carriage takes out, the pin Y2 projecting from the bar Q2 is in the inclined
branch of the slot gå in the bar R, and upon the first motion of this bar,
produced by the carriage striking against the post T, the pulley K is
unclutched from the wheel G and the delivery rolls are stopped.
The carriage now continues to move, giving the second draught to the yarns
until the bar R is drawn sufficiently far back to cause the lever S to enter
the inclined branch of the slot 9, when the wheel F is immediately unclutched

page_text: from the scroll P, and the carriage stops. The wheel F is not, however, at
this time carried so far as to engage it with the taking in scroll O, and the
carriage remains stationary until the bar R receives a still further longitudinal
motion, which is imparted to it as follows:-It has been stated that the shaft
D revolves continuously in one direction: this shaft carries upon its end a
screw 2, which drives the twist wheel g, upon the shaft of which is an arm k
that strikes as it revolves an inclined dog m secured to the bar Q, and throws
it still farther back, carrying the lever S still farther into the inclined branch
of the slot g² and clutching the wheel F with the scroll O, which is thus set
in motion, and the carriage commences to take in. In this position the bar
Qis locked,, the pin l entering a notch in the spring catch p (Fig. 12), secured
to the framework.
The parts remain in this position until the carriage arrives at the inner end
end of its stretch, when a toe X2 upon the carriage, seen dotted in Fig. 9, and in
red in Fig. 12, depresses the spring catch p, and liberates the bar Q, which is
drawn back by its spring U, by which means the wheel F is unclutched from
the take in scroll O and clutched with the take out scroll P, and the carriage
commences to take out. This shifting of the gear F is effected by the arm R
giving motion to the lever S. While the carriage is coming in, the band A
runs upon the pulley B, when, however, the lever S is shifted on the arrival
of the carriage, as above explained, the arm V, attached to the lever S strikes
against the pin n on the spipper N, and moves the band A on to the pulley C,
at the same instant the pin Y2 (Fig. 11) descending from the bar Q is thrown
into the inclined branch of the slot in the bar R, by which means the pulley
K is clutched with the wheel G, and the drawing rolls are set in motion;
thus as the carriage conimences to take out, the drawing rolls are set in
motion and the spindles are revolved rapidly to put in the twist.
This
revolution of the spindles is effected by the drum band f, which is driven by
the pulley a upon the shaft D. The arrangement and motions of the drum
band, together with the details of the carriage in immediate connection
therewith, will now be explained. W is a short shaft projecting from one side
of the carriage; upon this shaft runs a pulley r, a brake wheels, and a ratchet
wheel t (Fig. 18), all cast in one piece, or otherwise attached together. Upon
the wheel s two brakes are made to bear at intervals, one upon the lower and
the other upon the upper side. The lower one of these brakes is represented
in Fig. 17, and is constructed as follows:-X is a hanger or supporting piece,
which is suspended from the point q upon a short shaft Y; to this support is
secured a semicircular bar or strap u, to the ends of which is united a brake
cord or band y, which is pressed up at intervals against the brake wheels,

page_text: for the purpose of breaking up the motion of the spindles, as will be presently
explained.
The other break Z is represented in Fig. 18, and carries, in addition to its
brake band z, a pawl a, which, when the brake lever Z is dropped, enters the
-teeth of the wheel t, and stops it and the pulley r. In Fig. 15 is represented
a bent lever A², which vibrates upon the shaft W that passes through it at w.
The upper branch of this lever carries four pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, seen in plan in
Fig. 1, which run loosely upon a short shaft attached to the lever. To the
other branch of the lever A2 is attached the apparatus by which the building
of the cop is regulated, and which consists of the screw B³ working in the
-stationary bearings o, o', and carrying at its outer end the ratchet wheel 'm'.
a² is a roll, which rests upon the "former" C2 as the carriage takes in; and b²
a block or nut which is gradually moved by the revolution of the screw B³
from o to o¹, as the building of the cop proceeds. D is the upper faller,
which regulates the building of the cop. When not otherwise depressed, it is
kept elevated out of the way of the yarns as the spinning proceeds, by the
spring E² attached to its shaft. It is depressed for the purpose of building
the cop as follows:-F2 is a block which moves freely upon the end of the upper
faller shaft G². H2 is a spring which tends constantly to carry the block into
the position seen in Fig. 20. This block is connected by a leather strap 12
with a lever K, Fig. 16, that vibrates upon the shaft W. To the lower
end of this lever is attached the take in cord or chain L², which passes beneath
the guide pulley M². The lever K2 is bent slightly at a³, so as to come
vertically over the lever A³, and thus as strain is put upon the cord L² to take
the carriage-in,-the-end-c-of-the-lever K³ is depressed, carrying with it the
lever A²; a pin e³ upon the block F2 strikes against the arm f³, upon the shaft
G2, and depresses the upper faller as the block revolves; N2 is a hook, secured
to the upper brake lever Z, seen in plan in Fig. 8, the bent end d² of which
rests upon the lever K², whenever the latter is raised. The operations of all
these parts will be more fully explained hereafter. The drum band f, after it
leaves the pulley a at e, Fig. 9, passes round the pulley 4 upon the carriage,
thence back over the pulley d upon the shaft D, thence around the lower one
of two horizontal carrying pulleys As, upon the vertical shaft B³, thence
around the drum F3 upon the carriage, thence around the upper carrying
pulley A³, thence over the stationary pulley C³, thence over the pulley 3 upon
the carriage, thence over the pulley D³, thence over the pulley 1, from
which it descends round the pulley r, and returning passes over pulley 2 back
to the driving pulley a.

page_text: The carriage is taken out by the cord or chain 02 in the customary manner.
Starting at the moment of the arrival of the carriage at the headstock, the
foot X2 having depressed the spring p, and allowed the bar Q to assume the
position represented in Fig. 5, the forward motion thus produced of the bar
R throws the pin Y2 into the inclined branch of the slot g², by which the
drawing rolls T are set in motion. The lever S also is carried from the
inclined to the straight branch of the slot, by which the wheel F is clutched
with the scroll P, and the carriage commences to take out, at the same instant
the arm V attached to the lever S moves the shipper N, and throws the band
upon the pulley C, whereby the spindles revolve. These three operations, viz.,
the taking out of the carriage, the delivery of the "ends," and the revolving
of the spindles, commence at the same instant, and continue until the carriage
arrives nearly to the outer end of its stretch. While the carriage is thus taking
out, the strain upon the band f throws the pulley 1 into the position seen in
Fig. 20, and in red in Fig. 9. On arriving near the end of its stretch the
carriage strikes upon the post T, and, as before explained, draws back the bar
Q sufficiently far to stop the delivery rolls T; this is effected, as before
explained, by the motion of the pin Y² in the inclined branch of the slot g²:
The carriage now proceeds a short distance further out, and the "second
draught" is given to the yarns. The take-out band being actuated by the
small portion of the scroll P (Fig. 13), that the motion of the carriage may be
slower at this time than whilst the ends are being delivered. This second
draft has a twofold object-1st, the soft portions of the yarns are drawn down
and twisted; 2d, the weak and imperfect threads that are unfit for use are
broken and not wound upon the cop. The yarns are thus rendered more tini-
form in size, twist, and strength, and the inferior threads are discarded. The
top of the lever S now enters the inclined branch of the slot and unclutches the
wheel F from the taking-out scroll P, by which the further motion of the
carriage is arrested, the motion of the spindles continuing, however, until the
revolution of the twist wheel g has brought the arm k round, so that the latter
strikes against the incline m, by which means the lever S is caused to clutch
the wheel F with the scroll O, and the carriage commences to take in again at
the instant when the carriage reaches the end of its stretch, and its further
motion is arrested, as before explained; the catch k depresses and passes over
the spring stop by which the carriage is held from being drawn back by the
tension of the yarns, while the after twist is being put in. If the carriage at
this time be held perfectly stationary, the yarus will be liable to be broken or
22

page_text: be strained by the breaking of the fibres; to prevent this and to allow the
carriage to yield slightly, as the tension of the yarns increases, and before they
can be subjected to any injury, the stop 13 is attached to a block q', that is held
in place by the spring p², by the yielding of which the carriage is allowed to
advance slightly towards the headstock (see Fig. 19). After the carriage is
thus locked the spindles continue to revolve until the twist wheel g, Fig. 10,
has thrown back the bar Q sufficiently far to allow the pin to drop into the
notch in the spring catch p and engage the wheel F with the take-in clutch O.
A new series of operations now commences. It has before been stated that
the operation of the band throws the pulleys upon the lever A' into the posi-
tion seen in Fig. 20, and in red in Fig. 9; when in this position the pin a
projecting from the lever K2 enters a notch 2 in a dog y hanging from the
support X.
As now the band L is wound up, and the lower end of the lever
K is drawn in the direction of the arrow (Figs. 9 and 20), the pin a raises
the dog y, and applies the lower brake to the wheel r; by this stoppage of
the wheel the band f around this wheel is arrested, and the motion of the
spindles is broken up; so soon as this is effected, the dog y strikes the edge v
of the support X, by which it is thrown off the pin a² and the lower brake is
taken off. The next instant the yarn is backed off the spindles as follows:-
As the lever K2 continues to move around its shaft W, and in the direction of
the arrow (Figs. 9 and 20), its other end strikes the nut upon the lever A2
and depresses it. The upper brake Z up to this point has been held up from
the wheel r by the lever K²; the hook d², Figs. 8 and 20, hanging upon this
lever, as before explained. As, however, the lever K³ continues to descend
the brake Z is applied, and the pawl-a-engaging-with-the-teeth of the wheel t
again arrests the motion of the wheel r and the band f. As now, the lever A
is depressed by the lever K², the pulleys upon the former lever are carried
into the position seen in black in Fig. 9; while these pulleys are thus moving,
the band f being clamped to the wheel is turned in the reverse direction and
the threads are backed off the spindles. At the same time that the thread is
backed off the upper faller D³ is brought down by its connections with the
lever K, and as the carriage takes in and the roller a³ rides upon the former
C², the upper faller D is permitted to rise as usual to form the cone of the
cop. At the commencement or bottom of the cop, this cone requires to be
obtuse; in the center of the cop it is more acute, and at the upper end of the
finished cop it is again obtuse; this variation in the acuteness of the cone is
effected by the form of the block F2, as follows:-The general position and
lay of the threads on the cone is given by the former C, which permits the
upper faller D to rise gradually as the carriage takes in. At the commence-

page_text: ment of the cop, when the block b² is next the bearing o, the lever K descends
so low that its connecting strap 12 acts upon the block F, at a point the
farthest removed from the centre of the faller shaft, as in Fig. 22, whereby a
minimum degree of motion is imparted to the upper faller as the carriage
takes in, and the cone is consequently made quite obtuse as required. As the
block advances towards o¹ the strap I acts upon the block F2 at points
nearer the centre of the shaft (Fig. 23), whereby a more extended motion is
given to the upper faller and the cone is made less obtuse, while the middle
portion of the cop is formed; at the upper part of the cop the cone is again
made obtuse by the strap I2 bearing upon the point of the block, Fig. 24,
by which the distance through which the upper faller is allowed to rise during
the winding on is again diminished.
That the point to which the upper faller descends may rise bigher and
higher as the size of the cop increases, the device represented in Fig. 15 is
employed. At the commencement of a cop, the nut b² is run back towards o,
and the faller descends through the connections already explained to the
bottom of the spindle; as the spinning proceeds, the nut is gradually moved up
towards o' as follows:-After the carriage has taken out, and before the backing
off, the lever A² being still in the position represented in Fig. 20; as the take
in chain or cord commences to wind up, the lever descends, and the ratchet
wheel m¹ strikes against a stationary post or "feeding pawl" w¹, by which the
screw is caused to make a partial revolution after each successive stretch is
spun, and the nut B arrives at the opposite end o¹, at the time when the cop
is completed. Up to this point the carriage has remained locked by its spring
stop ; as however, the lever A2 descends, the roll a² depresses the stop, and
releases the catch k² and the carriage commences to take in, being drawn up
by the winding up of the chain L' upon the clutch o; while the carriage thus
takes in, the threads are worked up by the motion of the band f, produced by
the taking in of the carriage, this band remaining clamped to the wheel r by
the upper brake Z, the band A running upon the pulley B, the pulley C, and
"twist pulley" a, being left free to revolve as they are impelled by the band
f; it is evident that the whole amount of motion that may be thus communi-
cated will be due to the length of the band f that may be between the
carriage and the pulley a when the carriage is out, and which is to be trans-
ferred to the other side of the carriage during the taking in.
When the wheel r is left free to revolve, there will be no motion of the
spindles, as the accumulated friction upon them all is sufficient to hold the
twist drum F³ from revolving, but when the brake Z is applied to the wheel
1, the transfer of the band from one side to the other of the carriage is caused

page_text: to take place through the twist drum which is thus revolved, and with it the
spindles. That this motion of the spindles may be exactly proportionate to the
amount of yarn to be wound, and also to the size of the cop, I employ the
following device-The brake lever Z is connected by the chain S² with an arm
n², projecting from the shaft 2 of the under faller W2. If now the strain
upon the yarns becomes excessive, the yarns depress the under faller, and the
brake Z is raised, permitting the drum band to circulate without driving the
spindles. As the greatest amount of backing off is required at the commence-
ment of the cop, and this amount continually decreases as the cop progresses,
some contrivance becomes necessary, by which the backing off may be
adjusted to the size of the cop; for this purpose the hook d² is so adjusted
upon the brake Z, that at the commencement of a cop it shall leave the lever
K2, and apply the brake to the wheel s, at the instant before the lever
K strikes the block 6; the drum band f is thus clamped to the wheel r,
during the whole of the backward vibration of the arm A² and its carrying
pulleys; as now the block 62 is moved up towards o' during the progress of
the cop, the arm A moves a certain distance in its vibration before the brake
is applied, and thus the brake is applied and the backing off commences later
and later each succeeding stretch, and the yarn is backed off less and less
each time till the cop is completed. The arm A2 and its carrying pulleys are
held steady when vibrated one way and the other by a spring H³, which bears
upon a pin projecting from the inner side of the lever A2; while the spinning
is taking place, the upper faller is raised into the position seen in red, Fig 9,
by its spring E and a pin 3 (Fig 8) upon its shaft, bearing upon a corre-
sponding pin projecting from the shaft U2 of the under faller W depresses this
faller out of the way of the yarn; when however the upper faller is caused to
descend, the under faller W is relieved from its control, and is elevated by a
spring L³. By the connections already explained of the under faller W² with
the brake Z, whenever the tension of the threads in winding up becomes
excessive, this faller is depressed and the brake is raised, allowing the band f
to circulate, as before described, without driving the spindles.
.
In Fig. 21 is seen a modification of the winding on and building apparatus,
in which a single brake is made to perform the duties of the two brakes
already described; this brake Z' is connected with the under faller W* by the
cord St, by means of which the brake is taken off by excessive tension of the
yarns as before, and is applied for the purpose of breaking up and backing off
in the following manner :-g' is a spring attached to the under side of the
brake, against which bears a roller a upon the lever K, to which the taking
in cord L² is attached; when the carriage is taken out, the pressure of this

page_text: roller upon the spring is relieved and the brake is allowed to fall; when the
strain is first put upon the cord L² to take the carriage in, the roller a pressing
upon the spring throws up the brake and stops the spindles; as the arm
K continues to move its upper extremity presses upon the lever A*, and
vibrates its carrying pulleys as before to produce the backing off. Before the
carriage commences to take in, the roll x has reached a portion of the spring
g which is not sufficiently strong to sustain the brake, which is thus left to be
regulated by the under faller W2; the roll a' upon a loose arm y' travels in
upon the "former," the block 6* actuated as before rests upon the arm y*, and
thus as this block is moved in the upper faller is made to rise higher and
higher to build the cop, and the arm A* with its carrying pulleys is vibrated less
and less each stretch, that the backing off may diminish as the cop increases.
Having now described the Invention as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, I wish it to be understood that under the above recited Letters
Patent, I claim,―
First, driving the carriage in and out by the continuous motion of the cone
pulleys in combination with some method of automatically shifting the belt,
for the purpose of adapting the speed of the carriage to the requirements of
the different parts of its traverse, by which means I am enabled to dispense
with the complicated mechanism heretofore adopted for the attainment of the
same end.
Second, I claim the pulleys F and H upon the shaft G arranged and
operating substantially as described, by which a continuous motion in one
direction is given to the shaft G for the purpose of driving the carriage, and
an intermittent motion to the twist pulley D', when the winding is accom-
plished by mechanism independent of the motion of the twist pulley.
Third, I claim the friction pulley F¹ or its equivalent, constructed and
operating substantially as described, in combination with any efficient method
of regulating the speed of the spindles by the tension of the yarns in the
manner set forth, by which means I dispense with the complicated machinery
heretofore made use of, to regulate the winding on, and am enabled to run the
machine at a speed far exceeding that which can be obtained where the
motions of heavy cogged gearing are to be constantly reversed.
Fourth, I claim giving a second draft to the yarn, after the delivery of the
ends has ceased, for the purpose and in the manner substantially as set forth.
Fifth, I claim operating certain motions upon the carriage, such as braking
up the spindles, backing off the yarns, and operating the upper faller, by the
taking-in scroll chain as set forth.
Sixth, I claim running the drum band over a vibrating arm upon the

page_text: carriage, and clamping it thereto at intervals, for the purpose of backing off
and winding up the yarn as set forth.
Seventh, I claim hanging the stop, which holds the carriage stationary
while the second twist is put in, to a spring, so that it may yield in the
manner described, to prevent injury or breakage of the yarn as set forth.
Eighth, I claim varying the obtuseness of the cone, upon different portions
of the cop, by means of the block F operating in the manner substantially as
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fourth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFat,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)