IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN WEAVING AND FINISHING WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR HARDING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Edwin Broadbent, of Dewsbury, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
EMPLOYED IN WEAVING AND FINISHING WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR
HARDING"
OTHER
Scaled the 27th April 1875, and dated the 30th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Edwin Broadbent
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th October 1874.
I, LOUIS EDWIN BROADBENT, of Dewsbury, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN WEAVING AND FINISHING WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR OTHER
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
"
My Invention has reference to what is known as the "jacquard '
loom for the purpose of rendering the machine much simpler in con-
struction, not so liable to get out of order, requiring less power to give
the necessary motion thereto, and producing better work, all as hereafter
described

page_text: "
"
In my
First. My improvements have reference to what is known as the
"witch" or "jacquard," from which the required motion is transmitted
to the "healds" or "heddles." For this purpose I employ the ordinary
"jack blades," also the "lag rollers" and "lag sheet," which carry the
pattern pegs," and dispense with the "needles" and "springs," which
have hitherto been employed through the medium of the " pattern
pegs" for regulating the movement of the "jack blades:"
arrangement the "pattern pegs" act direct upon the "jack blades."
The number of "pattern pegs" of course vary in accordance with the
pattern required. Whatever "pattern pegs are brought round come in
contact with a corresponding number of "jack blades." Those blades are
thrown forward, and are carried downwards by means of a cross bar on
the sliding framework. Simultaneously with this motion those "jack
blades" that have not been acted upon are moved by a similar cross bar
and sliding framework, and take an upward direction, motion being
transmitted thereto by an intermediate rack motion of ordinary con-
struction. The "jack blades" are carried into their original position
by rods and tappit motion. The required motion is given to the
sliding frames through a connecting rod from a cam on the driving
shaft. I place the "witch" or "jacquard" at one end of the machine,
instead of the centre, and by preference, though not necessarily so, at
the driving end, and transmit the required motion from the " jack
blades" to the "healds" or "heddles" through ropes, chains, or their
equivalents, suitable guide pulleys being employed for the purpose.
By this arrangement I dispense with a large number of lovers, which
have hitherto been employed for conveying the required motion to the
"with" or “iscanard" and transmitting the same to the "hoalds"

page_text: being produced, and transmitted thereto by a suitable lever from pegs
of various sizes on the "lag sheet." In order to let down the " ⚫ lifting
boxes" gradually, instead of with a sudden drop, I employ two levers
provided with an intermediato spiral spring, whereby the levers are
brought towards each other. On the "lifting boxes" arc provided
pins which pass between the levers, and by their weight the levers aro
separated and the "lifting boxes" gradually let down to their proper
position, being prevented from dropping too quickly by means of the
spiral spring between the levers. The "picking" motion for the shuttle
is derived from an arrangement of cams or tappits similar to those
employed for the "box lifting" arrangement.
Third. My improvements have reference to giving the required motion
to the "shuttle board." For this purpose I mount on the driving shaft
a rotating arm, which comes in contact when in motion with a pro-
jecting bracket attached to the "shuttle board," whereby the required
reciprocating movement is imparted thereto. The rotating arm is not
continually in contact with the bracket, but only when required to give
the motion, thereby reducing the friction and power required for im-
parting this motion.
Fourth. My improvements have reference further to stopping the
machine when the "shuttle stops in the piece, which would cause
breakage of the thread were the machine to continue its motion. For
this purpose I.provide a friction couc, which, under the circumstances,
is acted upon through suitable levers by the motion of the "shuttle
board," and passes into the driving pulley, or other pulley or wheel,
simultaneously with the belt being thrown on to the loose pulley. By
this arrangement the machine is immediately stopped.
Fifth. In order to dispense with double "weft” or weaving two
"pickers" in a shed I provide two bobbins in each "shuttle" instead
of onc. This arrangement is particularly applicable when two threads
of different colours or materials are required.
Sixth. In order to tell at any time the exact weight and measurement
of the work being done I provide on the loom, and in connection with
the "winding-off roller," a dial, the hand or pointer of which is actuated
by the "winding-off roller." The face of the dial plate is marked with
figures representing inches, fect, yards, or other suitable dimensions.
As the work is done the hand or pointer on the dial is caused to move,

page_text: pointing to the figures as it passes them, shewing thereby the amount of
work completed.
When preferred the pointer may be fixed and the dial plate caused to
rotate.
I also provide a spring balance or other weighing apparatus, so
arranged or attached to the "winding-off roller" that the weight of the
material may be tested at any moment. The object of these improve-
ments is to be able to find out whether the woven material is being made
heavier or lighter than it should be.
My improvements further consist in that part of finishing woven
fabrics known as the "drying process."
In the common or ordinary process of "drying" the "tenters" are
placed a considerable distance apart.
SE
"
In my arrangement I carry the framework forming the tenter' on
rollers or pulleys, which are arranged to run on beams across the room.
By this arrangement, as soon as cach "tenter" is filled with materials,
it can be run close up to those that have been previously filled, whereby
many more lengths of cloth can be dried at the same time, each tenter
taking up much less room than in the ordinary way of " drying'
fabrics.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Louis Edwin Broadbent in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
EDWIN BROADBENT, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Louis Edwin Broadbent, Her
special licence that I, the said Louis Edwin Broadbent, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Edwin

page_text: Broadbent, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN WEAVING AND FINISHING WOOLLEN,
COTTON, OR OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Louis Edwin Broadbent, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
thic said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Edwin Broadbent, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say:―
"
Firstly. My Invention has reference to what is known as the
jacquard " loom for the purpose of rendering the machine much
simpler in construction, not so liable to get out of order, requiring less
power to give the necessary motion thereto, and producing better work.
A longitudinal elevation of machinery, constructed according to this
part of my Invention, is shown on Sheet 1. On Sheet 2 are shown an
end elevation of loom, and a section of that part known as the
"jacquard" or "witch" respectively, Figs. 1 and 2.
Secondly. My Invention consists of improvements in shuttles, which
are shown on Sheet 3, on which Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2,
a cross section; and Fig. 3, a plan looking at the top.
Thirdly. My improvements further consist in the means employed for
telling or obtaining the exact weight and measurement of work done in
the loom, as shown at Sheet 2, where Figs. 3 and 4 shew respectively
a side and front elevation of weighing apparatus; Figs. 5 and 6
respectively shew a front and side elevation of the measuring apparatus,
and Fig. 1 shews the mode of applying the same,

page_text: woven fabrics known as the arying process,
unu is
of which Fig. 4 shews a cross section of a building with my Invention
applied; Fig. 5, a side clevation; Figs. 6 and 7, enlarged views of the
same.
23
Firstly. My improvements have reference [to what is known as the
"jacquard" or "witch," from which the required motion is transmitted
to the "healds" or "heddles." For this purpose I employ the ordinary
"jack blades "
a with their lugs or projections b, varied in accordance
with the construction of the jacquard; also the lag roller c, or lag sheet
carrying the pattern pegs. I dispense with the "needles" and "springs,"
which have hitherto been employed through the medium of the pattern
pegs for regulating the movement of the "jack blades." I make the
"pattern pegs" act directly upon the "jack blade" a. These pattern pegs
are fixed in lagging on the roller c, and vary in number with the pattern
required. Whatever pattern pegs are brought round come in contact with
a corresponding number of "jack blades" a. These blades are thrown
forward by means of the springs d acting upon the projecting part e of
the "jack blade," and are carried downwards by means of the cross bar f
on the sliding framework g. Simultaneously with this motion those "jack
blades that have not been acted upon are moved by a similar cross bar
and framework i, and take an upward movement, motion being trans-
mitted thereto from the internal cam j through rod k to rack 7 on sliding
framework i, thence through rack pinions m to sliding framework g
through rack n. The required motion for the lag roller c or lag sheet is
given from rack pinion m through shaft o, on which is mounted the
eccentric p, which causes at the required time the brackets q, on which
the lag roller c is mounted, to radiate outwards on its centre, carrying
with it the lag roller c, during which movement a catch drags the lag
roller c round, and retains it there ready for the next operation. In
order to carry back the "jack blades" to their original position I provide
a jacquard door 71 of ordinary construction, which is mounted on the
sliding framework i. I place the "witch or "jacquard" at one end of
the machine, as shewn at A, instead of the centre, and by preference,
though not necessarily so, at the driving end. I transmit the required
motion to the "healds" or "heddles "s and through ropes or chains u
and v or their equivalents, suitable guide pulleys to and y being employed,
as shewn. By this arrangement I dispense with a large number of
33

page_text: The lever 4 is
levers, which have hitherto been employed for conveying the required
motion to the "witch" or "jacquard," and transmitting the same to the
"healds" or "heddles." The "lifting boxes are of ordinary con-
struction, motion being conveyed thereto from cams 1 on driving shaft
through rods 2 and 3, and levers 4 and 5; rod 3 is shewn broken short.
These are employed for carrying the yarns, and are in number in accord-
ance with the different colours of yarns to be woven.
provided with a sliding roller 6, and runs over whichever cam 1 it has
been moved on to, this movement being transmitted from a lag sheet or
lag roller 7 containing suitable sizes of pegs through double lever 8,
which double lever 8 retains the notched lever 9 in the required position
by means of the catch 10 and bar 11, having the effect of retaining tho
lever 5 and lifting boxes in a fixed position during each movement of
the shuttle. The double lever 8 is retained in position during the move-
ment of the shuttle by means of the lever 8', the lever 8' being lifted
when required by means of the rod 9', which is actuated by the sliding
framework i to which it is attached. The "picking" motion for the
shuttle is derived from an arrangement of cams 12 and 13 at each end,
motion being transmitted therefrom to the "pickers" through pulley 14
and levers 15 and 16. I by preference give motion to the "shuttle
board" by the ordinary means. The other parts of the loom not
explained or shewn are of ordinary construction.
Secondly. My Invention consists in improvements in shuttles, as
shewn on Sheet 3, on which Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a
cross section; and Fig. 3, a plan looking at the top. In order to
dispense with double weft or weaving two "pickers" in one shed I
provide a shuttle of the following description :-For this purpose I
mount on hinges a and b within the framework of the shuttle c the
pins d, on which when required are mounted the bobbins e and f. Both
the bobbins e and fare hinged; pins & are of the same construction
with a very slight variation from those used in the single bobbin shuttles.
The holes g and h are for passing the thread from the bobbin to the
loom. The pins d within the framework of the shuttle c are kept in
position by means of an elastic band or spring i, which is passed round
the ends of the hinges a and b, as shewn. In order to put the bobbins e
and fon the pins & it is advisable to remove the elastic band or spring i,
which permits of the pins d being brought clear of the framework of the
shuttle c, as shewn at centre lines j. It will be readily understood by

page_text: the shuttle cover those in which one bobbin is applied. This arrange-
ment is particularly applicable when two threads of different colours or
materials are required.
"
Thirdly. My improvements further consist in the means employed for
telling or obtaining the exact weight and measurement of work done
in the loom; and this part of the Invention is illustrated at Sheet 2, on
which Figs. 3 and 4 shew respectively a side and front elevation of
weighing apparatus. Figs. 5 and 6 respectively shew a front and side
clevation of the measuring apparatus, and Fig. 1 shews the mode of
applying the same. For the purpose of weighing tho material as it is
woven I provide a spring balance or other weighing apparatus 1. This
weighing apparatus, which is of ordinary construction, is so arranged
that by means of the lever 2 mounted on the bracket 3 on the "weaver's
bench or beam" 4, to which the weighing apparatus is attached by
means of the rod 5. The roller containing the cloth or woven material
may be lifted out of its bearing 6' through the medium of the suspending
hooks 7, which is attached to the weighing apparatus 1; catch 7¹ holds
the roller in position when suspended. By this arrangement the weight
of the material may be tested at any moment. The object of these
improvements is to be able to find out whether the woven material is
being made heavier or lighter than it should be. For convenience sake,
I have a weighing apparatus arranged at each end of the roller. In
order to measure the work as it is being done I provide a frictional
pulley 8, which has on its surface " carding" or other frictional sub-
stance, which will cause it to revolve when pressed or resting on
the surface of the material as it is wound on the "winding-off roller."
This rotary motion of the pulley 8 is conveyed through worm 9 and
worm wheel 10 to a dial plate 11 marked with figures representing
inches, feet, yards, or other suitable dimensions. In front of the dial
plate 11 is provided a stationary hand or pointer 12; this hand or
pointer 12 is fixed on to the arm or bracket 13 carrying the dial plate 11,
also providing a bearing 14 for the worm wheel shaft. In order that
the frictional pulley 8 may press or rest on the material I fix the
bracket 13, which carries the measuring apparatus, on to a radial
arm 15, which is allowed to work freely in its bearings 16, so that the
friction pulley 8 may rest upon the material on the winding-off roller. The
mode of applying the weighing apparatus is shown in dotted lines at 17,

page_text: Fig. 1, Sheet 2, and the mode of applying the measuring apparatus is
shewn at 18, Fig. 1, on the same Sheet. When preferred the pointer
12 may be caused to rotate, and the dial plate 11 fixed.
· Fourthly. My Invention further consists in that part of finishing
woven fabrics known as the "drying process," as shewn on Sheet 3,
of which Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a building shewing my
Invention applied thereto; Fig. 5, a side elevation; Figs. 6 and 7,
cnlarged views of the same. .
"
In the common or ordinary process of drying the "tenters are placed
a considerable distance apart.
"
In my arrangement I carry the framework a forming the
" tenter
on rollers or pulleys ; these are arranged to run on beams c across
the room.
These rollers or pulleys may contain teeth, and gear
into rack rails c¹ on the beams c. By this arrangement, as soon as cachi
rail is filled with material, it can be run close up to those that have
been previously filled, as shewn at 1 and 2, Fig. 4, whereby many
more lengths of cloth can be dried at the same time, each tenter taking
up much less room than in the ordinary way of drying fabrics.
For the purpose of moving the "tenters" into the position as shewn
at 1 and 2, I provide on the roller shaft da ratchet wheel e, through
which motion is conveyed to the rollers or pulleys 8, the ratchet
wheel e being caused to revolve by means of a reciprocating motion
imparted to the lever f, this being conveyed to the ratchet wheel e by
means of the pawl / gives thereto the required rotary motion. Other
suitable known means may be employed for moving the "tenter”
frames.
Haying thus set forth the nature of my said Invention, and shewn by
Drawings and description thereof how the same may be performed or
carried into practical operation, I would have it understood that I do
not limit myself to the exact limits, details, or configuration of the
various parts I have explained and shewn, as the same may be varied or
modified without departing from my Invention; but what I do claim
and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent is,—
Firstly. The arrangement, construction, and application of the various
parts forming the "witch" or "jacquard," substantially as and for
purposes herein set forth.

page_text: Secondly. The means employed for transmitting the required motion
from the "jacquard" to the "healds" or "heddles," substantially as
herein set forth.
Thirdly. The combination of the various parts forming the "jacquard"
loom, substantially as herein set forth.
Fourthly. The arrangement, construction, and application of the
"shuttle," as shewn on Sheet 3, substantially as and for purposes
herein set forth.
Fifthly. The arrangement, construction, and application of the
weighing apparatus, substantially as and for purposes herein set 1
forth.
Sixthly. The arrangement, construction, and application of measuring
apparatus, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Seventhly. The arrangement, construction, and application of
movable "tenter" frames, substantially as and for purposes herein ]
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Edwin Broadbent, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
TOTIUS EDWIN BROADRENT (T. S)
2
LOUIS EDWIN BROADBENT (LS)