Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Carpets commonly called Turkey.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Carpets commonly
called Turkey.
We, PIERRE COULLIER, Weaver, LEON HONORÉ, Merchant, LOUIS MEIGNÉ,
Gentleman, and LÉON WAEL, Gentleman, all of 41, Rue Taitbout, Paris, in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
1
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tufted
carpets commonly called "Turkey."
These improvements consist chiefly in a novel method of mounting the warps
which is carried out in the following manner.
The warp threads are first wound upon one or several beams or rolls which may
be placed at any desired distance apart and which are impeded by counter
weights or are provided with gearing to prevent any slackening of the threads.
From thence the threads pass through the loops of the heddle leaves or harness.
It is this threading operation which constitutes one of the important points of
our invention. The loops or mails of the leaves or harness through which the
warp threads pass, are placed at different heights, these heights are some centi-
metres apart between the warp properly so called and the ground warp.
This arrangement is shown in the diagrammatic drawing annexed (Figure 1)
in which these differences of height are indicated by the points 1, 2 and 3. These
numbers 1, 2 and 3 show the drawing from left to right, but one may also, and
in practice this is done, draw in or thread from right to left. In this case the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 would be in the reverse direction.
The warp threads then pass through the pins a, then as shown in Figure 2 over
blades which may be of copper iron or wood.
The finished fabric passes over a roller or beam which is provided with pins
and which prevents the carpet from contracting.
The copper blades should be at least one centimetre in height and one milli-
metre thick, they are placed in a horizontal plane and tied in with a weft thread.
As many blades as desired may be employed; after weaving they are freed by
cutting the material with a knife or cutting blade above the top of the blades
which are grooved.
The weft of jute, wool, flax, hemp, and the like, should be strongly gummed
and very humid to prevent loosening of the warp.
Whilst weaving, the warp threads are raised by means of the movement of
the loom; the throwing of the weft and other processes of weaving being carried
out in the usual manner.
It is only by the arrangement of the warp threads at different levels that there
is obtained after weaving a tuft similar to tufts tied in by hand.

page_text: The diagrams annexed illustrate the way in which the warps are raised to differ-
ent levels. Figure 3 is a cross section of the fabric made. The full line shows
one of the pile warps P, and the dotted lines the ground warps g¹ g². Diagram A
shows position when one of the pile blades b is inserted; diagram B when first
pick p is thrown; diagrams C, D, E when second, third and fourth picks p
are thrown.
In weaving, the pile warp P is first raised, and the pile wire or blade b put in.
It is along the top of this blade that the pile loops are subsequently cut. This
pile warp is then lowered, and after raising the first ground warp g', the first
pick p is thrown. The first ground warp is lowered, and the pile warp and the
second ground warp g2 (that which is at a different height) is raised, the second
pick is thrown under this pile and second ground warp, the first ground warp
remaining lowered; these two warps are thereupon lowered, the pile warp being
again raised, and the third pick thrown. After the passage of the third pick,
the pile warp is lowered, and the first ground warp raised for the passage of the
fourth pick. The tie is thus formed, and the same operation is then re-
commenced.
It is when the pile warp, and the second ground warp, are raised, that the
utility of keeping the warps at different heights is apparent. On lifting the two
warps simultaneously, if they were brought to the same height, a loose and
irregular tie would be obtained, which would produce a bad looking fabric,
having little compactness.
It will easily be seen that these two warps would, if brought side by side, press
one against the other, and mutually incommode the other, thus an uneven fabric
would certainly result, because the ground warp would be sometimes above and
sometimes below the pile warp, and upon the beating up of the weft this
irregularity in super-position becomes an obstacle to the weft being beaten up,
a slight space injurious to the compactness and regularity of the tie would
be produced.
If the pattern of the carpet requires several shades, the threads forming the
warp are wound separately upon weighted bobbins instead of upon a beam or roll
as is the case in plain carpets.
To manufacture a patterned carpet without employing a jacquard or harness
the threads are mounted in the same manner, the woollen threads being printed
in zones in varying shades and lengths according to the high piled carpet it is
wished to produce. This result may also be obtained by tieing together, shade
by shade, threads of different colours.
The above system may be applied to all types of loom, the materials used may
be indifferently wool, jute, flax, hemp, silk, and the like, it enables an increase
in the proportion of from one to four to be obtained in the amount of fabric
produced whether it be in pieces or complete carpets and whatever its length or
width. 1
Dated this 20th day of
انسها
1000
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tufted Carpets commonly
called Turkey.
We, PIERRE COULLIER, Weaver, LEON HONORÉ, Merchant, Louis MEIGNÉ,
Gentleman, and LÉON WAEL, Gentleman, all of 41, Rue Taitbout, Paris, in the

page_text: Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tufted
carpets commonly called "Turkey."
These improvements consist chiefly in a novel method of mounting the warps
which is carried out in the following manner.
The warp threads are first wound upon one or several beams or rolls which may
be placed at any desired distance apart and which are impeded by counter
weights or are provided with gearing to prevent any slackening of the threads.
From thence the threads pass through the loops of the heddle leaves or harness.
It is this threading operation which constitutes one of the important points of
our invention. The loops or mails of the leaves or harness through which the
warp threads pass, are placed at different heights, these heights are some centi-
metres apart between the warp properly so called and the ground warp.
The arrangement is shewn in the diagrammatic drawings Figures 1, 2 and 3
and diagrams A to E lodged with our Provisional Specification and in Figures 4
and 5.
In the diagrammatic drawings Figures 1, 4 and the differences of height
between the warps are indicated by the points 1, 2 and 3. 1 indicates the level
of the pile warps and 2 and 3 the level of the ground warps. These numbers 1, 2
and 3 show the "drawing" from left to right, but one may also, and in practice
this is done, draw in or thread from right to left. In this case the numbers 1, 2
and 3 would be in the reverse direction-1 would be on the left hand of 3 and 2
on the right hand.
The warp threads then pass between the blades or pins a, then as shewn in
Figure 2 the pile warps pass over blades b which may be of copper iron or wood.
The finished fabric passes over a roller or beam c (see Figure 5) which is pro-
vided with pins and which prevents the carpet from contracting.
The copper blades 6 should be at least one centimetre in height and one milli-
metre thick, they are placed in a horizontal plane and tied in with a weft thread.
As many blades as desired may be employed; after weaving they are freed by
cutting the material with a knife or cutting blade above the top of the blades
which are grooved.
The weft of jute, wool, flax, hemp, and the like, should be strongly gummed
and very humid to prevent loosening of the warp.
Whilst weaving, the warp threads are raised by means of the movement of
the loom; the throwing of the weft and other processes of weaving being carried
out in the usual manner.
It is only by the arrangement of the warp threads at different levels that there
is obtained after weaving a tuft similar to tufts tied in by hand.
The diagrams A to E illustrate the way in which the warps are kept at different
levels. Figure 3 is a cross section of the fabric made. In this figure the full
line shows one of the pile warps and the dotted lines g1g2 the ground warps.
Diagram A shows the position of the warps when one of the pile blades b is
inserted; diagram B when first pick p¹ is thrown; diagrams C, D, E when
second, third and fourth picks 23 are thrown. It will be observed that
the pile warp is always kept at a higher level than both ground warps except
when it has to be passed below one or other of these ground warps for a shoot of
weft to be passed between them.
In weaving, the pile warp P is first raised, and the pile wire or blade b put in.
It is along the top of this blade that the pile loops are subsequently cut. This
pile warp is then lowered, and after raising the first ground warp.g¹ the first
pick pl is thrown. The first ground warp is lowered, and the pile warp and the
second ground warp q2 (that which is at a different height) is raised, the second
pick p2 is thrown under this pile and second ground warp, the first ground warp
remaining lowered; these two warps are thereupon lowered, the pile warp being

page_text: again raised, and the third pick p³ thrown. After the passage of the third pick,
the pile warp is lowered, and the first ground warp raised for the passage of the
fourth pick p. The tie is thus formed, and the same operation is then re-
commenced.
It is when the pile warp, and the second ground warp, are raised, that the
utility of keeping the warps at different heights is apparent. On lifting the two
warps simultaneously, if they were brought to the same height, a loose and
irregular tie would be obtained, which would produce a bad looking fabric,
having little compactness.
It will easily be seen that these two warps would, if brought side by side, press
against and mutually incommode one another, thus an uneven fabric
would certainly result, because the ground warp would be sometimes above and
. sometimes below the pilo warp, and upon the beating up of the weft this
irregularity in super-position would become an obstacle to the weft being beaten up,
a slight space injurious to the compactness and regularity of the tie would
therefore be produced.
If the pattern of the carpet requires several shades, the threads forming the
warp are wound separately upon weighted bobbins instead of upon a beam or roll
as is the case in plain carpets.
To manufacture a patterned carpet without employing a jacquard or harness
the threads are mounted in the same manner, the woollen threads being printed
in zones in varying shades and lengths according to the high piled carpet it is
wished to produce. This result may also be obtained by tieing together, shade
by shade, threads of different colours.
The above system may be applied to all types of loom, the materials used may
be indifferently wool, jute, flax, hemp, silk, and the like, it enables an increase
in the proportion of from one to four to be obtained in the amount of fabric
produced whether it be in pieces or complete carpets and whatever its length or
width.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
-
The herein described system of mounting the warps which consists in passing
them through loops of the heddle leaves or harness at different levels as indicated
by the diagrams which allows of tufted pile carpets being woven with the
pile tufts tied in with a fast tie equal to the tie produced when weaving by hand.
Dated this 19th day of January 1899
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.