A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HEAT FOR COOKING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gillingham, of Chard, in the County of Somerset-
shire, Surgical Mechanist, for the Invention of A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS
OF AND APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HEAT FOR COOKING AND HEATING
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 19th August 1879, and dated the 13th May 1879.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gillingham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1879.
JAMES GILLINGHAM, of Chard, in the County of Somersetshire, Surgical Mechanist,
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HEAT FOR
COOKING AND HEATING PURPOSES."
It has generally been thought that in the construction of any kind of stove or
furnace for burning different sorts of fuel to obtain heat that a chimney or flue
communicating with the open air at the top or side is necessary for combustion,
but this I have found from experience not to be the case, more than one half of
the heat arising from the consumption of fuel is carried off by the chimney or flue
as well as waste materials, as gas and smoke. The object of this Invention is to
prevent this waste and to collect the heat in a chamber or receptable in such a
manner that it may be employed for various useful purposes, and this I effect in
the following manner.
Upon a convenient stand I construct a heat receptacle (which I will call an
oven) of any suitable form and material, enclosed at the top and all sides without
flue or chimney, but provided with closed valves for letting off and regulating the
heat. Within this oven, and near the bottom thereof, I fit to the sides or otherwise
a heat radiator of any suitable form and material, with slots or holes, preferably
vertical, round its edge or periphery, in such a manner as to form a false bottom.
In the bottom of the oven is an opening through which the top of the chimney of
an ordinary lamp or gas jet can be inserted, the hole in the bottom being larger
than the top of the chimney to allow the surplus heat radiating from the chimney
to ascend into the oven. The heat from the lamp strikes upon the middle of the
radiator, which is fixed about an inch or so from the top of the chimney, and

page_text: glancing off ascends direct into the oven by the aforesaid slots, and there accumu-
lates, there being no outlet for the same; and when once accumulated will not
descend to the aperture by which it entered, the common atmosphere forming a
barrier to keep it aloft. By this means sufficient heat can be obtained from an
ordinary duplex oil lamp or atmospheric gas burner to bake a four pound loaf of
bread, a joint of meat, boil a saucepan containing liquid, or heat and soften a poro-
plastic splint spine support or splints.
The oven can be divided off inside into various compartments, and the heat in such
regulated to different degrees by valves or other suitable means, the outer casing
all being closed up except at the inlet at the bottom. By using the lamp or gas
jet, or any other combustible material when turned into light and heat, a room
may be lighted, and cooking and heating carried at one and the same time by the
heat of the lamp or other means employed.
Communication with the interior of the oven is obtained by means of a cover,
a door or doors on the outside, and these preferably made airtight to prevent
escape of heat.
This means of accumulating heat is very suitable when conveyed in pipes or
otherwise for heating shops, offices, entrance halls, greenhouses, vineries, and other
places, and those places where there is a range of hot water pipes and heat obtained
by secondary means; it is only simply necessary to insert the top of the lamp
chimney or gas jet into one of the pipes when the pipes are arranged according to
this Invention of heating, the outlet being downwards and much below the level
of the lamp, so that the hot air will not descend but remain accumulating in the
pipes and radiating the heat; the heat may strike upon a radiator on entering the
pipe, or direct without it.
I also reserve to myself the right of generating and bottling up heat for furnaces,
boilers, steam pipes, ranges, ovens, and so forth, where the bottom of the furnace,
boiler, steam pipes, or oven forms a radiator, against which the heat strikes and
circulates up round the same without outlet or flue at the top or side (as before
described), except with valves to regulate the heat and let off the combustion when
required.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Gillingham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
November 1879.
JAMES GILLINGHAM, of Chard, in the County of Somersetshire, Surgical Mechinist.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING HEAT FOR
COOKING AND HEATING PURPOSES."
It has heretofore been generally supposed that in the construction of any kind of
stove or heating apparatus a chimney or outlet flue is necessary for the combustion
by creating a certain amount of draught, such apparatus constructed according to
my Invention. I cause the products of combustion to accumulate in a chamber or
chambers without any outlet flue in the above or ordinary sense of the word, that
is, by draught, as I have found that no such or special means for producing draught
are needed, but on the contrary a great portion of the products of combustion thus
accumulating while and after giving out the bulk of their heat condense into water,
which is allowed to trickle down and escape at or near the heat inlet opening or at
other convenient place; and the rest of the products of combustion are allowed to
escape extremely slowly at the same place or at any other convenient place, either
into the room itself or out doors, in such a cooled condition as to prevent the great
waste of heat now generally obtaining in heating apparatus or stoves where the
products of combustion passing quickly through the apparatus escape by a chimney
or draught outlet at a high temperature.
By using a lamp as a means of heating, a room may be lighted, and cooking or
heating, or both, be carried on at the same time by the heat of the lamp.
By my apparatus sufficient heat can be obtained from an ordinary duplex oil
lamp to bake a four pound loaf or a joint of meat, or to boil a saucepan containing
liquid.
And in order that this my Invention may be more fully understood I will now
proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings, which
represent various typical arrangements of apparatus constructed according to my
Invention.
Figure 1 is part sectional view of a stove A, here shown cylindrical, for accu-
mulating heat from an oil lamp, or gas or other burner, and used for moulding
surgical splints, or for heating rooms, or for other heating or cooking purposes.
The products of combustion from the lamp strike first against the plate B or inner
deflector, which is provided with notches in the edge, as shown in plan view of
same at Figure 2, to allow the heat to ascend into the upper part of the stove or
cylinder A. The opening in the bottom C is so large that the cooled down pro-
ducts of combustion may escape there; a great portion of them consists, as is well
known, of steam or watery vapour, which condense and may be collected into a
drip pan placed underneath; the rest of the cooled products of combustion are
allowed to escape into the room, as indicated by the arrows. A valve or cock a is
fitted near the top of the stove for letting off surplus products, and thus regulating
the heat as required for some purpose. When the deflector B is removed the heat
ascends more to the top, increasing in intensity there and keeping the lower part of
the stove only moderately hot.
Figure 3 represents a sectional view of an
oven on a similar principle; it is
formed with compartments S, around which the heat slowly circulates. The
bottom B of the lowest compartment acts as a deflector, as in Figure 1. The outlet
is at the lamp, as before described; a is a heat regulating valve or cock at the
top; similar ones may be fitted at the sides, as shown.
Figure 5 shows a stove similar to Figure 1, but with this difference, that the
outlet for the cooled down or condensed products of combustion is not round the
lamp chimney or burner, but by separate holes c, c, in the bottom C.
.In Figure 6 I have shown a sectional view of a heater constructed of a dome

page_text: shape and without a deflector plate; it is heated by two or more lamps, and the
cooled down products of combustion are free to escape into the room partly around
the lamp chimney and partly (or it might be wholly) by the down going outlet
pipe E, which are formed with feet below, and on which the stove rests.
vapour outlet or heat regulating pipe with cock at the upper part of the dome, this
is especially useful when gas is used.
a is a
Figure 7 is a part sectional view of a hot dresser heated by gas, and serving to
accumulate and utilize heat for veneering, drying, or heating for facilitating the
moulding of any plastic materials. The outlet pipes may terminate in the room or
be carried outside the building. In some cases I fit it with a deflector, as described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
In all the examples hereinbefore illustrated the bottom C may be of a convex
shape or tapering towards the side or other part, where an outlet hole or pipe is
provided for letting off the condensed water which forms a large portion of the
products of combustion.
Figure 8 is a sectional view of a furnace or heating pot heated by gas. The pot
proper A is surrounded all round and below by the outer shell C; the cooled pro-
ducts of combustion escape mainly by the outlet E.
This mode of accumulating heat is very suitable for warming greenhouses and
other places where there is a range of hot water pipes. In the place of hot water
it is simply necessary to insert the top of the chimney of a lamp or gas burner into
one of the pipes, and if there is no draught for the heat upwards it will accumulate
therein in the manner described, and the cooled down products of combustion
escape by the downward outlet.
Figure 9 is a heating stove consisting of a chamber A with outlet through the
bottom B, as in Figure 1, but fitted also with bent pipes A¹ for affording increased
heating surface.
Figure 9a shows a heating apparatus made entirely of pipes arranged in a D
shape, and with inlet opening below, where the condensed water and other cooled
down products of combustion can slowly escape. This apparatus may rest on
legs E or be supported in any other suitable way.
In Figure 10 I have shown an apparatus somewhat similar as to mode of action.
The cross tube A. corresponds to the lower chamber A. in Figures 9 and 9ª, and the
upper bent cross tube A¹ to the bent tubes A', Figures 9 and 9a; E, E, are outlet
tubes, which also form the legs of the apparatus, which is especially suitable for
heating workshops and halls. By removing left hand tube and substituting a leg,
as in Figure 9a, the right hand leg or tube would form the only outlet; this latter
leg might also if desired be led off out doors, as shown in dotted lines; this
apparatus is suitable for heating rooms, conservatories, hot houses, churches,
chapels, and other buildings in general.
Figure 11 represents a heater made of coiled pipe A, and with an outlet E
terminating in the room, or, as shown in dotted lines, led off into the open.
I will here remark that in all the examples illustrated in these Drawings a
sufficient amount of capacity and heating surface are necessary for condensing the
gases as required; as regards the pipe arrangements such capacity and surface must
be obtained either by large diameter of the main pipe or pipes, in which this action
is to take place, or by extending the pipe or pipes in length.
I will also observe that I do not as a rule lead the remaining outgoing products
of combustion into a chimney or flue, where the draught would usually be too
sharp, as that would destroy the action of my apparatus, which depends upon a
very slow draught indeed, or rather, an accumulation, concentration, condensation,
and very slow circulation. For the same reason I do not carry the outlet pipe up
to any considerable height, as it would then constitute a kind of chimney with
more draught than my apparatus should have, but I carry the pipe down first.
In order to absorb and radiate the heat readily the apparatus should be made of
thin sheet metal, and they may in many cases advantageously be made of sheet
copper.

page_text: Figure 12 represents a simplified arrangement of heating apparatus or pipe con-
sisting of only one pipe, which may be larger in diameter in the upper part A than
in the legs E, which latter form the outlets.
Figure 13 shows a similar heater with two outlets or legs E, and fitted with
water heating box or boiler F.
In Figure 14 is shown a suspended heater with lamp, in which the outlet pipes
pass down first much below the source of heat and then up, and may then convey
the gases into the room or outdoors.
Figure 15 represents a long heater with two lamps and three legs, also fitted
with two water vapour troughs F.
Figure 16 illustrates a very simple form of heater, in which the products of com-
bustion ascend by a vertical pipe, pass into the main part A or heat accumulating
chamber, and then descend by the outlet pipe E, whence they are conveyed out of
the room.
Figure 17 illustrates a similar apparatus, in which the outlet pipe ascends con-
siderably above the source of heat before it finally goes off out of the room or
building. There is a condensed water tap and drip pan at the lowest part, as
shown.
Figure 18 represents a. heater surrounded by a water jacket or circulating
appliance G for preventing too high a temperature, but giving uniformity of heat
throughout.
Figure 19 shows a heater as fitted in a conservatory with two outlets E, with
gas lamp placed in a chamber H, and with water trough F. a, are small pipes for
the escape of accumulated gas, and there are drip pipes and pans for the condensed
water.
For a large or long building an arrangement like the one shown at Figure 20 may
be applied. The heat is here generated in three (or any other number of gas
burners. The lower pipe E' may be carried under the floor of the building, and
finally pass off at each end in a downward or upward direction.
Figure 21 shows an arrangement of heater with oil lamps; these are fixed on one
common oil supply pipe K, which is connected to the oil supply chamber L.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this my Invention I
declare that I am aware that it is not new to carry off the products of combustion
below the source of heat in apparatus for heating purposes, and I do therefore lay
no claim to the application of such principle; moreover, it will be observed that
the outlet in some of my hereinbefore described apparatus is at the level of the
source of heat in some above the same and in some below, but the arrangement of
the outlet or outlets and of the chambers or pipes into which the heat is conveyed
is in all cases such as to cause an accumulation of heat in the pipes or chambers in
such a manner that a very slow circulation of the products of combustion takes
place therein, whereby the great proportion of such products while and after
having given out their available heat are condensed into water, and the rest in a
cooled down state slowly escape into the room or are led off outside. Nevertheless
I do not claim broadly the application of this mode of action to heating apparatus,
but I claim the combination of parts forming the stoves and heating apparatus
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification of
same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Gillingham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
JAMES GILLINGHAM. (L.S.)