IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MATERIAL FOR COVERING THE ROLLERS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Haynes, William James Haynes, and Charles
Henry Haynes, all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MATERIAL FOR COVERING THE ROLLERS USED
IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Haynes, William
James Haynes, and Charles Henry Haynes at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 19th February 1881.
WILLIAM HAYNES, WILLIAM JAMES HAYNES, and CHARLES HENRY HAYNES,
all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MATERIAL
FOR COVERING THE ROLLERS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON."
This Invention consists in the application of leather made of equal substance
and dressed with oil, and known as oil leather, to the purpose of covering the rollers
used in preparing and spinning cotton, and in the manner hereinafter described.
Instead of covering such rollers with roller cloth and with an outer covering of
what is termed roller leather as now practised, we cover such rollers with oil
leather alone, and which is prepared and applied to the purposes as follows:-
We take the hides or skins of the ox, cow, horse, calf, goat, deer, sheep, or other
suitable animal, and after removing the hair or wool by limeing, sweating, or other
means usually employed for that purpose, we place such hides or skins in the lime
bath to swell them in the usual manner. The said hides or skins are then split by
suitable machinery as may be found necessary to render them of the substance
required and of equal thickness. The portion or portions of the bides or skins so
prepared are then cleaned and dressed into oil leather, and after scouring and
drying in the ordinary manner are softened and finished by staking, grounding, or
shaving, either by hand labour or by machinery, to render them soft and fine upon
the surface.
The leather so prepared will then be suitable for covering the rollers used in
preparing and spinning cotton, and such leather does not require paste, glue, white

page_text: lead, or any adhesive substance to cause it to adhere to the rollers as heretofore
necessary, but must be made into covers or hotts and slipped direct on to the
rollers in the same manner as roller leather has hitherto been applied when a
previous covering of cloth has been used.
Rollers covered in this improved manner can be trued or ground by the machines
or other, appliances now used by cotton spinners, and in the manner that such
rollers are now trued or ground when covered with both cloth and roller leather,
thus rendering the rollers level, but when covered in accordance with this Invention
this trueing or grinding operation may be repeated several times without the
necessity of recovering the rollers, and thus such rollers are rendered considerably
more durable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Haynes, William James Haynes, and Charles Henry
Haynes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th August 1881.
WILLIAM HAYNES, WILLIAM JAMES HAYNES, and CHARLES HENRY HAYNES,
all of Salford, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MATERIAL
FOR COVERING THE ROLLERS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON."
Our Invention relates to the construction of an improved roller to be used in
preparing and spinning cotton, and in the manner hereinafter described.
Instead of covering such rollers in the first place with woven fabric generally
known as roller cloth, and next with an outer covering of what is termed roller
leather, as now practised, we cover such rollers in the first place with oil leather,
and then with an outer covering of roller leather, or in some cases with oil leather
alone.
The oil leather may conveniently be prepared as follows:-
We take the hides or skins of the ox, cow, horse, calf, goat, deer, sheep, or other
suitable animal, and after removing the hair or wool by limeing, sweating, or other
means usually employed for that purpose, we place such hides or skins in the lime
bath to swell them in the usual manner. The said hides or skins are then split by
suitable machinery as many times as may be found necessary to render them of
the substance required, and as nearly as possible of equal thickness. The portion
or portions of the hides or skins so prepared are then cleansed and then dressed.
into oil leather, and after scouring and drying in the ordinary manner, are softened
and finished by staking, grounding, or shaving, either by hand labour or by
machinery, to render them soft and fine upon the surface, and of equal thickness
throughout. The thickness usually required will be from one sixteenth to three
sixteenths of an inch, but the thicker the leather that can be used, having regard
to the arrangement of the machine to which the rollers are to be fitted, the longer
the latter will last without renewal.
The leather so prepared will then be suitable for covering the rollers used in
preparing and spinning cotton, and such leather does not necessarily require paste,
glue, white lead, or any adhesive substance to cause it to adhere to the rollers, as
is the case with roller cloth (and the necessity for which adhesive substances is one
of the disadvantages of the use of roller cloth), but may be made into tubular covers
or hotts, and slipped direct on to the rollers or cores and secured by burning the
ends in the same manner as roller leather has hitherto been applied when a previous
covering of cloth has been used, and if there should be any irregularity in the
joint the leather covering is trued in the manner now commonly practised in respect
of the joints of ordinary roller leather coverings. If preferred the oil leather
covering may be made with a jump joint, and be secured to the core by cement or
other suitable adhesive substance, and in this case the use of such adhesive
substances will not be attended with the same disadvantages as in the case of
roller cloth similarly secured. As soon as the covering of oil leather has been
applied to the roller, and where necessary trued as aforesaid, the second or outer
covering of roller leather may be added in the manner commonly employed where
roller cloth is the first covering. Where it is not necessary to use the outer covering
of roller leather upon the inner covering of oil leather, the surface of the covering
of oil leather is glazed by a coat of elastic varnish, such as that now commonly
used for roller leather, but used in a thicker consistency so as not to penetrate
below the surface of the leather. We have found the following to be a useful
varnish for the purpose:-Four parts fine gelatine, one part bi-chromate of potash,
and two parts glycerine.

page_text: Rollers covered in this improved manner can be trued or ground by the machines
or other appliances now used by cotton spinners, and in the manner that such
rollers are now trued or ground when covered with both cloth and roller leather,
thus rendering the rollers level, but when covered in accordance with this Invention
this truing or grinding operation may be repeated several times without the
necessity of recovering the rollers, and thus such rollers are rendered considerably
more durable.
Having thus fully described our Invention we do not make any claim to the use
in rollers for preparing and spinning cotton of the metal core, or to the outer
covering of roller leather when such covering is used in conjunction with roller
cloth or any material other than oil leather, but what we do desire to claim and
secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. The construction of rollers for preparing and spinning cotton, consisting
of a metal core with a covering of oil leather, with an outer covering of ordinary
roller leather, substantially as herein before described.
Second. The construction of rollers for such purposes consisting of a metal core
with a covering of oil leather glazed with varnish, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof, the said .William Haynes, William James Haynes, and
Charles Henry Haynes, have hereunto set their hands and seals, this Third
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one.
Witness,
JOHN G. WILSON,
Patent Office,
71, Market St., .
Manchester.
WILLIAM HAYNES.
WILLIAM JAMES HAYNES.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
CHARLES HENRY HAYNES. (L.S.)