IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPO- RATING, CONCENTRATING, AND DISTILLING LIQUIDS, AND IN RECOVERING REAGENTS FROM OIL REFINERS' AND OTHER BYE PRODUCTS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Augustus Barrow, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Drysalter and Commission
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPO-
RATING, CONCENTRATING, AND DISTILLING LIQUIDS, AND IN RECOVERING
REAGENTS FROM OIL REFINERS' AND OTHER BYE PRODUCTS."
Sealed the 10th September 1870, and dated the 17th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Augustus
Barrow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th March 1870.
I, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS BARROW, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Drysalter and Commission Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARatus
FOR EVAPORATING, CONCENTRATING, AND DISTILLING LIQUIDS, AND IN RECOVERING
REAGENTS FROM OIL REFINERS' AND OTHER BYE PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object the evaporating, concentrating, and
distilling of liquids in a simple, continuous, and economical manner, and
the recovering of reagents from oil refiners' and other bye products; and
it consists in using, for the purpose of evaporating and concentrating a
liquid apparatus constructed in the form of a long shallow trough to be
traversed by the liquid in a thin slowly flowing layer or stream, whilst

page_text: heat is applied to the bottom of the trough by means of steam or other-
wise. The trough may be placed at a slight inclination, or it may be
constructed with a series of horizontal or nearly horizontal lengths, cach
succeeding one being placed at a slightly lower level than the one
preceding it. Or the trough may be divided into sections by weirs
extending across it and retarding the flow of the liquid.
The apparatus is rendered suitable for distilling by covering in the
trough, the cover being formed with one or more pipes leading to worms
or other condensing apparatus. When operating with liquids such as
crude mineral oils, which yield different distallates in succession as the
evaporating and concentrating process goes on, the covered space above
the trough is divided into sections by hanging partitions, which dip down
below the liquid surface, but do not prevent its flowing from one section
to the next. Each space divided off in this way is in communication
with a separate worm or condenser, and is also provided with a man-hole
door for the introduction of a flexible or jointed steam pipe to be used
for the removal of residues or impurities deposited on the trough.
An important application of the Invention consists in recovering by its
means the reagents, such as sulphuric acid and soda, used by oil refiners.
These reagents form tarry bye products, and in carrying out the present
Invention the said byc products are by preference treated with steam,
which separates the reagent in a somewhat diluted and impure state, and
the liquid so separated is evaporated and concentrated by means of the
improved apparatus, and has its strength thereby increased so that it may
be used over again in the refining process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Augustus Barrow in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
AUGUSTUS BARROW, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, a
Drysalter and Commission Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Augustus Barrow, Her
special licence that I, the said Frederick Augustus Barrow, my exc-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
Augustus Barrow, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR EVAPORATING, CONCENTRATING,
AND DISTILLING LIQUIDS, AND IN RECOVERING REAGENnts from Oil RefiNERS, AND
OTHER BYE PRODucts," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Frederick Augustus Barrow, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Augustus Barrow, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the evaporating, concentrating,
and distilling of liquids in a simple, continuous, and economical manner,
and the recovering of reagents from oil refiners' and other bye products;
and it consists in using, for the purpose of evaporating and concentrating.
a liquid apparatus constructed in the form of a long shallow trough, to
be traversed by the liquid in a thin slowly flowing layer or stream whilst
heat is applied to the bottom of the trough.
The apparatus is rendered suitable for distilling by covering in the
trough, and the covered space above the trough is divided into sections
by hanging partitions, which dip down below the surface of the liquid,
but do not prevent its flowing from one section to the next. Each space
divided off in this way is in communication with a separate worm or
condenser.
An important application of my Invention consists in recovering by
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page_text: These reagents form tarry, bye products, and in carrying out my In-
vention these bye products are by preference treated with steam which
separates the reagent in a somewhat diluted and impure state, and the
liquid so separated is evaporated and concentrated by means of my
improved apparatus, and has its strength thereby increased so that it
may be used over again in the refining process.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet
of explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to and representing
modifications of the apparatus I employ :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus as arranged
for evaporating and concentrating a liquid such as the diluted reagent
obtained from oil refiners' bye products, as herein-before described. The
apparatus is simply a long shallow trough A of wrought or cast iron, and,
lined with lead when used for treating sulphuric acid. This trough A,
which may be of any convenient length, is set upon two parallel walls B,
which enclose a flue space beneath the trough from a furnace C at one
end to a cross flue D at the other, the latter leading to a chimney. The
trough is thus shown as arranged to be heated by an ordinary fire and
flue, but it may be heated by steam or otherwise if preferred. The
bottom of the trough A is in this example shown as horizontal, whilst
its length is divided into sections by transverse weirs E. The trough
may however be slightly inclined, or it may be constructed with the
'several sections successively arranged at slightly lower levels, or in any
way admitting of the liquid flowing gradually and slowly along from onc
end to the other. The liquid is run from a supply tank F into the end
of the trough A, above the fire C, and is withdrawn in the concentrated
state from the other end into a receiving tank G.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 3 is a transverso
vertical section of my improved apparatus as arranged for distilling
mineral oils. The trough A is covered over by a shell or casing H,
which is formed with hanging partitions J dipping below the surface of
'the liquid, and dividing the covered space into a series of distilling
chambers. Each chamber or section is provided with an outlet pipe K
leading to a condenser L, and with a man-hole M, the latter serving
amongst other things for the introduction of a flexible or jointed
'steam pipe to be used for the removal of residues or impurities deposited
on the trough. The oil is admitted by a supply pipe N at the end

page_text: furthest from the fire C, and flows gradually from section to section in a
shallow layer, the heavy or dead oil or simi-fluid residue being finally
drawn off by a pipe P from the last section over the fire. In this way
the most volatile constituents of the oil will be driven off in the first
section by the lowest heat, whilst in each succeeding section the greater
heat will drive off the less volatile constituents. In cases where the
liquid operated upon does not yield different distillates in succession
there will be no advantage in dividing the covered space into sections
by the hanging partitions J.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that I do
not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated,
but that what I believe to be novel and original and claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1. The using of improved apparatus substantially such as is herein-
before described for evaporating, concentrating, and distilling liquids by
subjecting a thin or shallow slowly flowing layer or stream to the action
of heat.
2. The dividing of the covered trough by hanging partitions so as to
separate the different distillates without interfering with the flow of the
liquid from section to section as herein-before described.
And, 3. The recovering of reagents from oil refiners' and other bye
products by the herein-before described processes and apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Augustus Barrow, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and.
seventy.
) Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
F. A. BARROW. (L.S.)