matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR FASTENING OR SECURING THE LIDS OF TUBS OR RECEPTACLES FOR SANITARY PURPOSES TO FACILITATE THE FASTENING AND REMOVAL OF SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Bairstow and William White-
head at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1877.
DANIEL BAIRSTOW and WILLIAM WHITEHEAD, both of Halifax, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR FASTENING OR SECURING
THE LIDS OF TUBS OR RECEPTACLES FOR SANITARY PURPOSES TO FACILITATE THE
FASTENING AND REMOVAL OF SAME."
'
This Invention has for its object the reduction of the cost of apparatus used for
the purpose of securing the lids to the "tubs" or receptacles, and to facilitate the
fastening and removal of same when required, and our improvements consist in the
employment of a cam, eccentric, or eccentric roller, which may be made of wood,
iron, or other suitable material, and which is carried or works upon axes supported
in suitable bearings on the sides of the "tub" or receptacle, which bearings may be
made adjustable or fixed in any convenient inanner. The cam, eccentric, or
eccentric roller presses upon the lid when operated by turning it for this purpose
(and the pressure may be so arranged as to be in the centre or at each side, or it
may be right across the lid, as desirable), keeping the same entirely secure until
released therefrom by turning it back. The handle or means for operating it may
be loose or fixed thereto.
We propose to attach a piece of wood hollowed out to suit the circumference of
the cam or eccentric roller, whereby a greater pressing surface is obtained, and it
serves also to strengthen the lid.
On the under side of the lid, cloth, felt, or india-rubber may be placed at the point
of contact with the "tub" or receptacle to improve the "bedding" or bearing surface
of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROWING OR PROPELLING BOATS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ashe and Frederick William
Ashe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1877.
FREDERICK ASHE and FREDERICK WILLIAM ASHE, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROWING OR PROPELLING
BOATS."
Our Invention consists in a combination of machinery for actuating a pair of
oars, or more than one pair, whereby all the motions required for dipping the oars
into the water for propelling the boat and for feathering the oars are performed
automatically.
The oars are supported in rowlocks as usual, and each oar is connected to a con-
necting rod jointed at one end to a crank, and at the other to a slide, which moves
to and fro in guides fixed to the boat, and these guides are either straight or curved;
by this means the circular motion of the crank is converted into an elliptical motion
at the point where the oar is jointed to the connecting rod; this elliptical motion
causes the oars to dip into and lift out of the water, and in order to impart the
feathering motion to the oars we fix to each a forked piece which fits on each side
of a set screw passing through the socket that connects the oar to the connecting
rod; by this means the upward motion of the oar brings the fork against one side
of the set screw and causes the oar to feather as it leaves the water; the same
action takes place when the oar enters the water.
The apparatus for feathering the oars may be modified.
The cranks above referred to are fixed to shafts on which are fly wheels to assist
in passing over the centres, and these shafts are driven by driving rods acting on
cranks projecting from the fly wheels, or by pulleys, and straps, or by gearing, or in
any other convenient manner, and either by hand or power. Each crank shaft can
be driven independently of the other for turning or otherwise.
When driven by hand the rower can sit with his face to the bow, and any inex-
perienced person can propel the boat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1877.
NATHAN THOMPSON, of the City of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and
State of New York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, South-
ampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR
BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in stoppers for bottles, jars, and
other hollow articles. For this purpose, according to one arrangement, I take a cork
and apply thereto a head formed of paper.
One mode of carrying my Invention into effect is as follows:-I take paper in
sheets, and apply thereto coatings of paste, glue, or other cement, and roll the same
around a mandril until the desired thickness is obtained. By these means a tube
is formed, which when desired is cut into short lengths or rings. The insides of
these short lengths or rings are cemented, and then applied to the cork until the top
of the ring or short tube of paper is level with the top of the cork, a pin or wire
may be then passed through the parts for further security. I then cement a disc
of paper, so as to cover the upper end of the stopper, after which I preferably coat
the paper with a waterproof varnish of any desired colour.
A stopper formed as above described is suitable for bottles and other hollow
articles to contain liquids, but for dry goods the cork may be dispensed with, and
the body of the stopper formed of a paper tube built up to the required thickness,
which I provide with a paper head in manner as above described; or I form the
caps previously to attaching the same to the cork, and in some cases rings and discs
may be stamped or otherwise formed out of leather, kamptulicon, linoleum, canvas,
or other material, and the same applied to the cork in manner above described.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BRACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by Féréol Dedieu, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BRACES."
[A communication from abroad by Fóréol Dedieu, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.]
This Invention relates to a novel construction of braces whereby the back
attachments to the trousers are rendered unnecessary, and the cost of manufacture
is consequently diminished.
The braces, whether made of elastic webbing or other material, have a yoke con-
nection which passes round the nape of the neck, and by sliding endwise under an
unequal strain put on the braces will give freedom to any sudden lateral motion of
the body.
With respect to the forward motions of the body perfect freedom is allowed by
reason of the back attachments being done away with and the yoke or coupling
piece of the braces moving forward with the body. The yoke will be conveniently
formed of leather, with a smooth inner surface, which will prevent the adhesion of
the yoke to the shirt and allow of its sliding freely as above mentioned to
accommodate the braces to the lateral movements of the body. The pendent parts
of the braces are fitted, one or both, with a clip buckle, which will provide for the
adjustment of the length of the braces, and the looped ends of these pendent parts
are to be fitted with loose metal attachments which carry the button hole or other
fastenings.
The button-hole tag may be sewn to sliding pieces of webbing, or tags of leather
secured to the metal attachment may be employed.

page_text: In some cases metal clip holders will be used to effect the attachment of the
trousers, and pulley attachments may also be employed.
The advantage to the wearer of braces of this construction is, that no great
strain can be put upon the trousers when the wearer is engaged in violent exertions,
and thus the risk of wrenching off buttons and the cracking of braces will be
entirely avoided.
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FORMING PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Boyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
THOMAS BOYD, of Leeds, in the County of York.
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FORMING PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON
WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS."
The object of my Invention is to produce patterns or designs by raising a nap
on the fabric, this effect being produced by a machine constructed as hereafter
described.
I by preference construct the machine, generally speaking, similar to what is
known as the "perpetual" employed in finishing cloth and other fabrics.
In my Invention I dipense with the cylinder or spiral cutter used in the ordinary
"perpetual" for cutting the nap off the material, and substitute for it a cylinder or
roller mounted in suitable adjustable bearings on the framework, such roller being
coated or covered with carding, bristles, plush, or other suitable frictional
substances.
The above mentioned friction roller may be applied to or in combination with
other machines employed in finishing or manufacturing woollen or other woven or
felted fabrics.
The roller may be moved in such a manner in its bearings as to be brought in
contact or relieved from the material at pleasure.
The roller is also so arranged in its bearings that it may be placed at any required
angle to the material being operated upon.
By having the rollers so capable of adjustment, not only may plain stripes or
patterns be formed thereon, but also diagonal and other fancy patterns may be
raised. When in operation the roller is caused to revolve at any convenient speed,
motion being obtained from some suitable motive power.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1877.
A communication from Ludwig Kleinschmidt, of Hanover, Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
v. Nawrocki, of 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineers and Patent Agents. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS." (A. communication from Ludwig Kleinschmidt, of Hanover,
Germany.)
This Invention is applicable to double-acting bucket and plunger pumps, and is
as follows:-The suction valve is arranged in the bottom of the barrel, and has two
half circular flaps hinged in the middle, and limited in their stroko by a centre bar;
the valve seat may be formed with a flange bolted to a flange on the barrel. The
delivery valve in the bucket consists of a number, say eight, hinged flap valves,
every other of them fitting over the edges of the adjoining flaps, the seats of which
latter are lower; the lower taper part of the plunger forms the stop for the valves;
the delivery valve seats are on a disc, which is united to the plunger by means of a
central stud.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MOULDS, BLOCKS, OR CASES TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY WARE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Leak at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1877.
HENRY LEAK, of Longton, in the County of Stafford, Lathe Maker. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOULDS, BLOCKS, OR CASES TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
POTTERY WARE."
This Invention relates to the provision of improved pottery moulds, blocks, or
cases of greater utility and durability than those hitherto in use in the manufacture
of pottery ware.
Hitherto such moulds, blocks, and cases have been made of plaster of Paris, the
objections to which I have found to be that they are liable to become very soon
what is termed "pin holed;" they often get broken or otherwise injured, and so
unfit for use; they gradually wear away and lose their shape, and have constantly
to be replaced with new ones.
My Invention consists in dispensing altogether with the use of plaster of Paris
moulds, blocks, or cases, and instead I make them of brass, copper, or zinc, or of
other metal or compound of metals, or of other suitable durable material that can
be "run in," so as to form a pottery ware mould, block, or case, such as glass, for
example. And the moulds, blocks, or cases made of such lasting material 1 employ
in the manufacture of all kinds of pottery articles, and either for what is termed
"inside" or "outside" pottery ware.
The advantages to be derived from my improved manufacture of pottery ware
moulds, blocks, and cases will be found to be that the inside and outside surfaces
thereof will always remain smooth and even as made, and consequently free from
the objectionable "pin holes"; and the ware when taken from the mould, block, or
case will not require to be turned in the lathe to remove unevenness or imperfections
from the surface, as now often required when taken from the plaster moulds, blocks,
or cases.
My improved moulds, blocks, or cases can also be made of more true and perfect
shapes; they will be much more durable and lasting than those made of plaster,
and not needing to be of such bulk or size they will take up much less room in the
manufactories than the plaster ones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING PAPER PULP, TEXTILE FABRICS, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Barker Wingett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1877.
HENRY BARKER WINGETT, of High Street, Alton, in the County of Hants
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING PAPER PULP, TEXTILE FABRICS, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIAL.”
This Invention has for its object improvements in bleaching paper pulp, textile
fabrics, and other fibrous material.
For this purpose I employ a bath prepared by dissolving soda of commerce
together with bleaching powder.
For bleaching paper pulp I prefer to mix the pulp with a solution of one or other
of the materials in the ordinary "poacher," and then add the other solution.
In the some way a solution of soda together with bleaching powder may be used
for bleaching other fibrous materials.
IMPROVE→ MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MASTS, YARDS, CASKS, AND SOME OTHER HOLLOW STRUCTURES MADE OF PLATES OF WROUGHT STEEL OR OTHER SHEET METAL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wainwright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1877.
FREDERICK WAINWRIGHT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE→
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MASTS, YARDS, CASKS, AND SOME OTHER HOLLOW
STRUCTURES MADE OF PLATES OF WROUGHT STEEL OR OTHER SHEET METAL."
This Invention is designed for making hollow vessels (chiefly of a cylindrical)
shape in such manner that they shall require little or no stays. It consists in
forming them of sheets of metal with single flutes or corrugations at intervals.
In masts, bowsprits, yards, and the like, the structure is made in two or more
portions with longitudinal seams; the corrugations being transverse to the longi-
tudinal axis, and at a distance usually of about the diameter of cylinder in distance
apart.
In the manufacture of casks I usually make about three corrugations in the length,
the heads usually have one or more corrugations concentrical to the axis of the cask,
and are flanged, bolted, or otherwise secured to the end; an internal angle iron ring
is often useful, but the actual mode of fixture differs with the goods for which the
cask is required.
The corrugations are sometimes run longitudinally, spirally, in steps or otherwise,
according to the nature of the strains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1877. A communication
from abroad by Gustavo Louis Keller, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS."
A communication from abroad by Gustave Louis Keller, of Paris, in the Republic
of France.
In bags of this description it is usual to support the toilette bottles and other
articles in bands or pockets which are secured to the sides of the bag, but this mode of
carrying the bottles and other articles is found to be inconvenient, moreover, the
bag can be used only for this special purpose.
The improvements which form the object of the present application consist in
fitting all the toilette necessaries in a moveable box or case which is placed in the
bag. The box may be made of wood, pasteboard, or sheet metal, and covered with
leather or other suitable material, and one or more of its sides may be hinged at the
bottom or half-way down, as desired. The sides are provided with suitable fastenings
to hold them together when required, and are also provided with handles whereby
the box may be lowered into or drawn from the bag, and bands or pockets to
receive the articles may be secured to the sides of the box in any suitable manner.
The box may be provided with a separate cover, or the cover may be hinged to
one side. To the bottom of this box are secured a pair of small round boxes, one
of which is pivotted excentrically, and the other is provided on its under side with
a button which works in a slide fixed to the bottom of the box, the object of these
arrangements being that the position of the round boxes may be shifted if
required.
Instead of articles for the toilette the box may contain the necessaries for the
dining table, in which case the knives, forks, and spoons will be placed in a metal
rack or racks fixed to the sides of the box and provided with suitable devices for
holding the articles in position.
By carrying the articles in a box or case which can be removed from the bag
this latter may be used as an ordinary travelling bag, the combined article can
therefore be used for two distinct purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES, AND IN EXPLOSIVE AGENTS OR CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leonard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1877.
.
JAMES LEONARD, of Maida Vale, Saint John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES, AND IN EXPLOSIVE AGENTS OR CARTRIDGES TO
BE USED THEREWITH."
My Invention relates, first, to elongated projectiles, to be discharged from rifled
or smooth bore guns; and, secondly, to explosive agents or cartridges to be employed
in effecting the discharge of projectiles.
The first part of my Invention has for its chief object obtaining an increased
range of elongated projectiles when discharged from guns having either a rifled or
a smooth bore, and also imparting a rotatory motion to such projectiles when
discharged from smooth bore guns.
In carrying out this part of my Invention in order to effect these objects I bore
or otherwise form a hole through the longer axis of the projectile, terminating in an
expanded opening at the rear, which is temporarily closed by a detachable metal
studded plate or plug. This longitudinal hole I rifle with grooves in a similar
manner to the bore of a gun, and corresponding with the grooves in the gun when
used with rifled guns, or of a suitable pitch or twist when the projectiles are to be
discharged from smooth bore guns. When the projectile constructed in this manner
leaves the muzzle of the gun the current of air meeting it enters the longitudinal
hole in the projectile at the front, and passing through the same forces off the
detachable plate or plug. The current at the same time has the effect of imparting
a rotatory motion to the projectile if it has been discharged from a smooth bore
gun, or of continuing the rotatory motion when projected from a rifled gun, the pro-
jectile being moreover supported by the current of air, so that its original direction
is preserved, and deflection is prevented. The resistance to the passage of the pro-
jectile is also diminished both by the diversion of the active resisting agent, the
opposing column of air which is conducted through the projectile and converted
into a rotating force, and by obviating the tendency to the generation at the rear
of the projectile of a vacuum, which increases the effect of the active resisting
agent.

page_text: The second part of my Invention, which relates to explosive agents or cartridges,
consists in enclosing in the cartridge, charged with gunpowder or other suitable
explosive agent, a receptacle containing chlorate of potash or other agent, from
which, under the influence of heat, is generated oxygen gas, whereby most perfect
combustion is ensured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howarth and George Howarth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877.
JOHN HOWARTH and GEORGE HOWARTH, both of Whitworth, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to that part of the loom known as the "stop-rod_motion,"
the object of the said Invention being to enable the loom to be worked wicker,
and to save wear and tear of pickers and picking bands. For this purpose we
dispense with the long spiral spring, which is usually attached to the stop-rod
finger for the purpose of pulling the same downwards, so as to strike against the
'frog," and stop the loom whenever the shuttle fails to "box," and the swell is
not pushed out.
"
"
To the front of the slay, just above the ". stop-rod finger,' we attach a small
casting or box bored out from below, and into this box is fitted a cylindrical
bolt, the lower end of which rests upon the stop-rod finger.
The upper part of this bolt is reduced in diameter, and passes through a small
opening in the top of the box; round this reduced part inside the box we place a
short spiral spring, which (acting between the top of the box and shoulder of the
bolt) has a constant tendency to press the bolt (and consequently the stop-rod
finger) downwards. This arrangement will be found to work much more easily
and freely than the long spiral spring usually employed, and will allow the loom to
be worked much quicker with less wear and tear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SCORING, RECORDING, OR REGIS- TERING PLAY IN THE GAME OF BILLIARDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Clarke at the Office of
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1877.
JOHN STEPHEN CLARKE, of 3, York Buildings, Dale Street, Liverpool, Surgeon.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SCORING, RECORDING, OR REGIS-
TERING PLAY IN THE GAME OF BILLIARDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
I arrange the mechanisin of the apparatus according to my Invention in the
following manner :-I mount upon an arbor or spindle a tooth wheel on its inner
end, and at its outer end I fit a pointer or index hand which is distinctively formed
according to any pre-arranged plan or design, and upon a socket or sleeve
surrounding the central arbor or spindle I mount a toothed wheel at the inner end,
and on its outer end I mount another index hand or pointer differing in form from
the first, and so on as many sockets or sleeves as I may require to carry separate
and distinctive index hands or pointers, should more than two such be required
upon the same dial; but, in most cases, two will suffice for the ordinary game of
billiards, and the one may differ not only in the shape or configuration of the index
hand or the shaft thereof, but it may differ in the material or the color thereof,
such for instance as being of blued steel, bright or lacquered brass, and in other
respects, or they may differ in length and record one on an inner and the other on
an outer circle of figures by way of distinction.
To act upon or set in action the several wheels upon the inner ends of the arbo
or spindle, or the socket or sleeve, 1 mount a series of levers with the shorter end
of each taking into one tooth at a time of each of the wheels, and moving it step by
step one tooth at a time, which in turn actuates either the spindle or the socket, and
in turn moves the pointer (fitted upon its outer end) hand or index from one figure
to another; and whilst the shorter and inner end of each lever is thus employed the
longer end of the same lever travelling through a larger are is set in motion
and moved vertically by means of a pneumatic arrangement of a "push piece or
buttou," which acts upon a diaphragm or compresses a hollow india-rubber ball, and
at the same time by means of a detent strikes a gong or bell to indicate by sound
the movement of the apparatus.
Where several pneumatic push or pull pieces are employed in connection with
the same dial board, bells or gongs differing in tone may be used for the sake of
clearness and to distinguish each,

page_text: For the purpose of recording or scoring and summarising the number of move-
ments made I introduce and employ a train of wheel gearing, which may be
regulated in relation to one and another part, either decimally or in any other
arrangement, as in the dial of a gas meter and such like apparatus.
The whole apparatus may be fitted in any convenient part of the room, or
be mounted upon or in connection with the billiard table itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dundas Scott-Moncrieff at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1877.
WILLIAM DUNDAS SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS, AND IN PART APPLICABLE
TO RAILWAYS."
This Invention has for its object the constructing of tramways in an improved
manner, so as to be firmer, more durable, and less liable to derangement than
heretofore.
In carrying out the Invention, according to one modification, a continuous sleeper
tram is formed with a base piece of inverted T section, having rivetted to its
vertical web the vertical webs or flanges of angle-section bars, forming, one the
bearer for the tread of the flanged tramway wheel, and the other a more or less
raised surface on the inner side of the groove for the wheel flange.
The lengths of the different members are arranged to break joint, so as to make
the compound tram practically continuous, and the two trams of a line are connected
at suitable intervals by gauge tie rods. The compound continuous sleeper tram
may rest on concrete with an interposed liner of wood or other suitable material.
The horizontal webs of the inverted T. base picce are made broad enough to
support the edges of the paving stones laid next the tram on both sides, whereby
the maintenance of a level surface is insured.
The improved tram may be modified by forming the inverted T base piece of
two angle irons rivetted together, and either of the two upper members may be
rolled in the same piece with the base piece, or with a bar forming part of the base
piece.
The improved tram may be entirely of steel, or one or both of the upper members
may be of steel, and the remainder of wrought iron; or, again, the tram may be
entirely of wrought iron.
If considered desirable struts of cast iron or other suitable metal may be intro-
duced at intervals between the upper wheel bearing member and the horizontal web
of the base niece.

page_text: In order to avoid concussion at the joints of the wheel bearing rail or member,
notches or indentations are formed at the meeting butt joint ends, and in these
notches or indentations tongue pieces are inserted to bridge over the joint
opening.
This improvement is advantageously applicable to the rail joints of ordinary 5
railways
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, CORSETS, BELTS, AND OTHER LIKE APPLIANCES FOR GIVING SUPPORT TO THE SPINE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hazell and Robert Day at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1877.
WILLIAM HAZELL, of the Firm of Hazell and Company, of Farnham, in the
County of Surrey, Stay and Corset Manufacturers, and ROBERT DAY, of the same
Place, Manager of the said Firn. IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, CORSETS, BELTS, AND
OTHER LIKE APPLIANCES FOR GIVING SUPPORT TO THE SPINE."
"
In the manufacture of stays, corsets, and similar articles no provision has hitherto
been made for imparting a special support to the back and loins of the wearer,
which are in fact the parts most requiring support, more particularly in the case of
weak and delicate females. The practice heretofore has invariably been to introduce
the main supports, consisting of strong metal busks, bone busks, or busks of stout
wood even, into and down the front of the stay or corset, thereby injuriously
confining the chest and stomach, and restraining the free action of the vital organs,
whilst leaving the back of the stay or corset devoid of any practical means for
supporting the weakest part of the body, namely, the spine and loins.
Now according to our improved construction of stay or corset, and similar articles,
we make special provision for supporting the back and loins of the wearer by
inserting at the back parts of the stay or corset extra strong and peculiarly shaped
steel or other supports, disposed so as to apply support to each side of the lower
part of the spine, or on the loins, such supports being widened out considerably a
few inches from the lower extremetics so as to ensure the greatest rigidity exactly
over those parts of the body where the greatest support is required, and thereby
constituting a perfect spinal supporting stay or corset, a result which has never
hitherto been obtained in the manufacture of the class of articles herein-before
referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Waterson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1877.
HENRY WATERSON, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Cut Nail Works. IMPROVEMENTS IN RATCHET BRACES."
My said Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner herein-
after described the parts of ratchet braces, whereby the reciprocating motion of the
handle of the brace is made to produce a nearly continuous motion of the brace in
one direction.
The working handle of the brace turns upon the shaft or axis to which the drill
or tool is affixed, the end of the said handle in which the axis of the brace works
being forked, the two bearings of the axis being formed by the two branches of the
fork. The shaft or axis of the brace carries two bevil toothed wheels situated
within the fork of the handle. One of the said bevil toothed wheels is fixed to the
shaft or axis, and the other turns loosely thereon. Between the two bevil wheels
described a third or intermediate bevil wheel is situated. This third bevil wheel is
at right angles to the other two, and is in gear with both of them. The said third
bevil wheel turns loosely upon an axis on a small supplementary handle, which
handle is connected to the brace by the brace axis passing through a hole in its
inner end. The said small supplementary handle is situated on the opposite side of
the brace axis to that on which the working handle is situated, and in its normal
position is in a line therewith. The fixed and loose bevil wheels on the brace axis
are provided with ratchet wheels, the teeth of the said ratchet wheels being turned
in opposite directions. Two pawls turned in opposite directions are carried by the
working handle, the said pawls engaging respectively with the ratchet wheels
described.
The action of the instrument is as follows:-The small or supplementary handle
is held stationary by one hand, and a reciprocating motion is given to the working
handle by the other band. By the motion of the working handle in one direction
motion is given to the axis through the pawl which engages with the fixed bevil
wheel, the said pawl making its advancing motion.
When the motion of the working handle is reversed the pawl of the fixed bevil
wheel makes its return motion, and has consequently no action on the said fixed
LD077

page_text: bevil wheel, but the pawl of the loose bevil wheel is now making its advance
motion, urging forward the loose bevil wheel, the motion of which transmitted
through the third or intermediate bevil toothed wheel communicates motion to the
fixed bevil toothed wheel in the same direction as that in which it had been moved
by the action of its own pawl. There is thus communicated to the axis carrying
the drill or tool an almost continuous motion in the same direction by the to-and-
fro motion of the working handle, the only interruption to the continuity of the
motion occuring at the moment when the direction of the motion of the working
handle is changed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS OR MACHINES FOR DIGGING OR RAISING POTATOES.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Griffin and Charles Cousins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
EPHRAIM GRIFFIN, of Selby, in the County of York, and CHARLES COUSINS, of
the City of Lincoln. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS OR MACHINES FOR DIGGING OR
RAISING POTATOES.".
For the purposes of our Invention we key on the axle connecting the two driving
or travelling wheels of the plough or machine a toothed wheel which takes into
gear with a pinion mounted on a moveable shaft carrying the lifter or raising
implement, and a moveable bracket on the axle carries the share or digging
implement. The toothed wheel and pinion are set in movement by the travel of
the plough, and communicate rotary movement to the lifter which raises the
potatoes as they are dug from the ground by the share or digger. A revolving dise
cutter is fixed just behind the travelling wheel, so that the green tops of the potatoes
are cut off before the digger lifts them out of the ground. A pole similar to that of
a reaping machine is provided to allow draught animals to be harnessed to the
machine.
In order that the digging and lifting parts may be thrown out of gear and kept
raised when the machine is travelling on roads or turning corners, they are connected
to a hand lever by means of connecting rods and levers, so arranged that on the
attendant moving the hand lever they are immediately thrown out of gear. A
counterbalance weight on the axle assists the attendant in raising these parts.
A guard placed opposite the lifter prevents the potatoes being thrown too far
out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING GRAIN, PEAS, BEANS, AND OTHER SEEDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pindar and Thomas Mawe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1877.
WILLIAM PINDAR, of York, and THOMAS MAWE, of Malton, both in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING
GRAIN, PEAS, BEANS, AND OTHER SEEDS."
The object of our Invention is to purify or clean grain or seeds by extracting
therefrom the dust and other impurities; and in order to effect this we provide in
a vertical direction any required number of incline planes, so arranged above each
other that material dropping from one will pass on to the next one below it, and so
on throughout the whole length of incline planes.
Each incline plane consists of a plate, and is fixed between suitable vertical
framework. By preference every alternate one is perforated all over, so that the
impurities may pass through as the grain or other seed rolls or slips down the surface
on to the next incline plane, which is made perfectly smooth in order to give
impetus, which has been lost on the rough surface of the perforated plate. The
incline planes may be continued from the top room in the warehouse to the bottom,
so that the wheat or other seeds by the time it gets to the bottom, after passing
over a number of perforated surfaces, becomes freed from the dust or other
impurities it contained. The whole from top to bottom is enclosed in a box or
casing, in order to withdraw the light dusty material which floats about within as
the seeds pass down. We place an exhauster in any convenient position, which
being put in motion draws away the light dust that does not pass away through
the perforated plates.
The seeds may be deposited at the bottom in sacks, or. in any other convenient
place;
it may be fed into the apparatus at the top through a hopper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE BELTING MADE FROM HEMP OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mudford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1877.
GEORGE MUDFORD, of Retford, in the County of Nottingham, Rope Manufacturer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE BELTING MADE FROM HEMP OR OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved belting suitable for
machine and other purposes, and which is woven from hemp or other similar
materials, and also to improvements in the machinery and in weaving the same by
which I am enabled to produce endless, seamless, and reversible belting of a stronger
texture than heretofore.
In carrying out my Invention in the manufacture of flat hempen belting for
example, I employ in lieu of the ordinary four-treadle weaving machine, one having
two treadles which enables me to use a thicker and stronger cord. The number of
warps or warp cords vary according to the required breadth of the belting.
The weft, instead of being simply one cord, which is passed through the warp
from side to side in the usual manner, is composed of two coids which enter the
warp from opposite sides, and passing each other after the manner of the stitch
known as the "cobblers' or shoemakers' stitch" leave the warp again on the opposite
sides, and so on alternately from side to side; by this arrangement the cords of the
weft can be drawn much tighter, and without the tendency to pull the belting out
of shape, which it would have if tightened from one side only.
In the manufacture of endless belts of the above-mentioned description, I pass the
cords of the warp through those parts of the beddles technically known as the
"mailles," and which are usually made of flat metal, somewhat in shape like a
shuttle, and with a suitable hole in the centre for the cords of the warp to pass
freely through, and my improvements under this head of my Invention consists in
forming a slot opening from the outer edge of the "maille" to the before-mentioned
hole, so that the warp cords may be readily released instead of having to be drawn
through.

page_text: "
The cords having been passed through the "mailles are secured at their ends and
stretched over two rollers mounted on suitable frames, and the operation of weaving
is then proceeded with in the ordinary manner. When the starting point is again
reached, and the weaving completed, the "mailles" are released from the cords of the
warp, and the ends of the weft cords are then fastened off by any suitable means.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Mason, of Eynsham Hall, near Witney, in the
County of Oxford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF SULPHURIC ACID."
Sealed the 6th October 1877, and dated the 6th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1877.
JAMES MASON, of Eynsham Hall, near Witney, in the County of Oxford.
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID.".
.
«IM-
This Invention relates to the employment for the production of sulphuric acid of
iron pyrites containing copper, such, for example, as what are known as cupreous
pyrites, or as iron pyrites containing a small quantity of intimately mixed copper
sulphide, or of copper compound or compounds, such or similar to those which occur
in the Rio Tinto, Tharsis, and the San Domingo's mines and districts, from which
the larger proportion of copper originally contained therein has by the method
described in the Provisional Specification of my Invention lodged in the Great Seal
Patent Office, the fourth day of August 1877, been separated; such or similar
pyrites originally containing copper after they have undergone the treatment
before referred to will be found to be in a porous condition, and in such a condition
as to be well adapted for the burning process effected either in kilns or otherwise,
so as to produce sulphurous acid to be employed in the production of sulphuric acid,
as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE KNIVES FOR LIFTING THE NOIL AND WOOL OUT OF THE COMBS OF COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Broadley and Julius Stead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1877.
ALLAN BROADLEY and JULIUS STEAD, both of Bradford, in the County of York,
Wool-combing Overlookers. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE KNIVES FOR LIFTING THE
NOIL AND WOOL OUT OF THE COMBS OF COMBING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to the form of the knives used in circular combing
machines.
Hitherto the knives have been in the form of a right-angled triangle, the side
subtending the right angle forming the edge thereof, and the back of the knife
resting on the comb.
Our improved knives we make in the form of an isosceles triangle, which gives
them a double inclined edge, the one half being the counter part of the other.
By these improvements it will be seen that an acute anglo of the knives will be
presented to the noil or wool, whether the machine be proceeding or receding, as it
often happens that in cleaning the machine the attendant turns the machine the
wrong way, causing the knives, as hitherto constructed, to be disarranged, thus
seriously damaging the combs.
It will also be seen that in the improved form of knife, the attaching stud being
at the uppermost part, it is impossible for the knife to be lifted out of the comb, as
the points at the opposite ends of the knife will, by the pressure of one or other
against the comb, offer an effectual obstruction to the tipping of the knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW SPIKES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED HEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Buxton and William Fildes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1877
GEORGE BUXTON, Engineer, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, and
WILLIAM FILDES, Accountant, of Lancashire Hill, Stockport, in the County of
Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW SPIKES, AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED HEREWITH
"
Our Invention consists in a method of inaking that description of spike which
has a screw formed on its periphery, but which may be diven in, requiring however
to be turned in order to remove it, and consists in twisting the said spikes fioin
metal forged with the required head and with a number of sides corresponding to
the number of threads intended to be formed, and in certain machinery or apparatus
for effecting the same Thus, if a thiec-threaded spike is required we take a piece
of metal of triangular section, with head and point forged thereon, and twist it into
the desired spike In the apparatus we employ there is a headstock which carries
a screw capable as it rotates of moving to and fio by a half nut, which may be put
into gear at pleasure This screw has a holder, to which the head of the spike is
adapted, the said spike is thus caused to traverse and rotate between bowls or
Similar parts, whereby it becomes twisted into the required spiral.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANING CASKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1877. A communication
from abroad by Carl Pohl, of Dresden, in the Empire of Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CLEANING CASKS." A communication from abroad by Carl Pohl,
of Dresden, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in the arrangement of one or more brushes, circular or
otherwise shaped, fitted in convenient adjusting frames or holders, and working on
or over casks placed or fed up to the brushes by carriers, rollers, and treadles, or
other mechanical devices, so actuated that the cask becomes more or less centered,
and in position for the brushes to work on and clean. And in conjunction with
said brushes using steam or water with sand or gravel for the better cleaning. Also
the combination of the machinery above described with any of the existing modes
of cleaning the insides of casks, whether by steam, gravel, chains, or otherwise.
The machinery may be of metal, or of metal and wood combined, and the brushes
of suitable material. The adjustment of the brushes is effected by screws.
The cask feeding machinery may consist of a carrier or carriage, sliding or
working on rails, and carrying rollers, between and on which the cask may be held
and centered.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Burdett Lambton Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877.
BURDETT LAMBTON BROWN, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford,
Manager of Works. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING AND
DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES.”
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the introduction or removal_of_a
portion of a series or system of pipes or tubes, with little or no disturbance of the
other portions of the series or system, and to make a secure junction at the
introduced portion without the use of the back nuts ordinarily employed.
In connecting pipes or tubes according to my Invention I make screw threads on
the ends of the pipes or tubes to be joined, the screw thread on the end of one pipe
being of different pitch or fineness from that on the end of the other pipe. The
end of the pipe having the coarser screw thread must be of slightly larger diameter
than that of the pipo having the finer thread,
To effect the connection of the ond of the pipes, I employ a socket or connecting
piece. This socket or connecting piece consists of a short tube screwed internally,
and having an internal diameter suiting it to fit on the ends of the pipes to be
joined. The screw thread in one half the socket corresponds to that on the end of
one of the pipes, and that in the other half of the socket corresponds to that on the
end of the other pipe. The half of the socket having the coarser thread is of
somewhat larger internal diameter than the other half, the internal diameters of the
two halves of the socket corresponding respectively to the external diameters of the
ends of the pipes.
In connecting the ends of the pipes, the socket is first screwed on to the end of
the pipe having the finer thread, the whole length of the socket, or nearly its whole
length, being screwed on the end of the pipe. The end of the pipe with the coarser
thread is now brought opposite to the end of the pipe on which the socket is
screwed, a metallic or other washer if necessary being introduced between them.
The socket is then turned so as to unscrew it in part from off the fine thread, and
pass it in part on the coarse thread. The ends of the pipes are thus secured
together and drawn tightly against each other, or against the washer between them
14

page_text: when a washer is employed. As the advance of the socket on to the course thread
causes the end of the pipe having the coarse thread to advance into the socket more
rapidly than the socket passes off the end of the pipe with the fine thread, the two
ends of the pipes are gradually drawn together, and may be pressed against each
other or against the washer between them with any required degree of pressure.
In order to disconnect the pipes, it is only necessary to turn the socket so as to
cause it to recede from off the coarse threaded pipe, and advance on the fine
threaded pipe, when the two ends of the pipes become disconnected.
5