IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING MILK AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN DIES OR APPLIANCES EM- PLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH APPARATUS, WHICH DIES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Simon, of No. 7; St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR BOILING MILK AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN DIES OR APPLIANCES EM-
PLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH APPARATUS, WHICH DIES ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
Carl Bertling, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Simon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879.
"
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING MILK AND OTHER LIQUIDS,
AND IN DIES OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH APPARATUS,
WHICH DIES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Carl Bertling, of Berlin, in the German Empire.]
The present Invention has mainly for its object to enable milk to be boiled for a
longer time and at a higher pressure than can be effected in an open vessel, in
order to destroy any infecting germs, and convert or modify the nature of certain
indigestible particles contained therein. The apparatus consists mainly of a
hermetically closed vessel, in the lid of which is, firstly, a vertical pipe rising to
some height, and terminating in an open end of decreased sectional area, which is
bent downwards so as to face an aperture in the cover below, which is closed by a
float valve; on filling the vessel with milk and applying heat thereto the milk in
beginning to boil and froth will firstly close the float valve, and will then, owing
to the increasing pressure, rise in the pipe, and be ejected in a downward direction
from the open end thereof with a velocity due to the pressure in the vessel. The
liquid in falling down will acquire additional velocity, so that on impinging upon
the float valve it will force this open against the pressure in the vessel, and will
re-enter the latter through the opening, the action being somewhat similar to that
of the injector used for steam boilers. Thus, it will be seen that by the continued
application of beat to the vessel, the liquid therein can attain a pressure above that
of the atmosphere, and consequently a temperature correspondingly above that of

page_text: the ordinary boiling point. Such apparatus is, by preference, constructed as
follows: A cylindrical vessel is made of increased diameter at its upper part, and
upon the shoulder formed at the junction of the two parts is fitted a loose cover
having a trougli shaped rim, into which is fitted an annular compressed cork
packing; from the top of the cover two standards project upwards, and terminate
in eyes or hooks that embrace screwed rods that are fixed to the top rim of the
vessel, and are provided with thumb nuts. The cover is provided with the before
mentioned vertical beut pipe and aperture with float valve. Thus, if after filling
the vessel with milk the cover is inserted, and turned slightly round so as to make
the eyes or hooks of its standards embrace the screw rods, and the nuts aro then
screwed down, the annular cork packing will be forced airtight against the shoulder
of the vessel, so as to cause the cover to close the latter hermetically.
It will be evident that the above apparatus is equally applicable for boiling other
liquids that froth in boiling like milk.
In order to make the before mentioned cork packing of the cover act efficiently
it is necessary that it should be introduced into a groove of the cover in a com-
pressed state. For this purpose a tapering annular female die is used, which has an
annular orifice at bottom corresponding to the groove of the cover, this being fitted
into the bottom of the die. The outer part of the die is divided, and opens on a
hinge, and the inner cylindrical part is, by preference, formed of three separato
pieces, so as to be readily removeable. Above the female die is an annular male die
carried by a slido actuated by a screw or lever, so as to descend into the femalo
.die; the male die is formed of a number of segments hinged to a plate and con-
nected to springs, which tend to keep the segments distended with small spaces
between them. The annular piece of cork (which may be conveniently formed by
bending a strip round, and scarfing the ends) being introduced into the upper wide
part of the female die, and the male die being forced down, the cork in being thus
forced down in the tapering die will become compressed, and will eventually pass in
the compressed condition from the lower orifice of the die into the groove of the
cover; the male dio is then withdrawn, and the female die is opened on its hinge,
so as to allow the cover to be removed.
The male die in passing down in the gradually narrowing female die will adapt
itself to the latter by having its segments pressed inwards against the action of the
springs
It will be evident that this apparatus may also be employed for fitting compressed
annular cork packing to covers of jars and receptacles generally, as also to pump
and other valves and the like.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Simon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th August
1879.
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOILING MILK AND OTHER
LIQUIDS, AND IN DIES OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH
APPARATUS, WHICH DIES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
A communication from abroad by Carl Bertling, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
The present Invention has mainly for its object to enable milk to be boiled for a
longer time, and at a higher pressure than can be effected in an open vessel, in
order to destroy any infecting germs, and convert or modify the nature of certain
indigestible particles contained therein. The apparatus consists mainly of a
hermetically closed vessel, in the lid of which is, firstly, a vertical pipe rising to
some height, and terminating in an open end of decreased sectional area, which is
bent downwards so as to face an aperture in the cover below, which is closed by a
float valve; on filling the vessel with milk, and applying heat thereto the milk in
beginning to boil and froth will, firstly, close the float valve, and will then, owing
to the increasing pressure, rise in the pipe, and be ejected in a downward direction
from the open end thereof with a velocity due to the pressure in the vessel. The
liquid in falling down will acquire additional velocity, so that on impinging upon
the float valve it will force this open against the pressure in the vessel, and will
re-enter the latter through the opening, the action being somewhat similar to that
of the injector used for steam boilers. Thus, it will be seen that by the continued
application of heat to the vessel the liquid therein can attain a pressure above that
of the atmosphere, and consequently a temperature correspondingly above that of
the ordinary boiling point. Such apparatus is, by preference, constructed as
follows: A cylindrical vessel is made of increased diameter at its upper part, and
upon the shoulder formed at the junction of the two parts is fitted a loose cover,
having a trough shaped rim, into which is fitted an annular compressed cork
packing. From the top of the cover two standards.project upwards, and terminate
in eyes or hooks that embrace screwed rods that are fixed to the top rim of the
vessel, and are provided with thumb nuts. The cover is provided with the before
mentioned vertical bent pipe and aperture with float valve, thus if after filling the
vessel with milk the cover is inserted, and turned slightly round so as to make the
eyes or hooks of its standards embrace the screw rods, and the nuts are then
scrowed down, the annular cork packing will be forced air tight against the shoulder
of the vessel, so as to cause the cover to close the latter hermetically.
It will be evident that the above apparatus is equally applicable for boiling other
liquids that froth in boiling like milk.
In order to make the before mentioned cork packing of the cover act efficiently
it is necessary that it should be introduced into a groove of the cover in a com-
pressed state. For this purpose a tapering annular female die is used, which has an
annular orifice at bottom corresponding to the groove of the cover, this being fitted
into the bottom of the die. The outer part of the die is divided, and opens on a
hinge; and the inner cylindrical part is, by preference, formed of three separate
pieces, so as to be readily removeable. Above the female die is an annular male die
carried by a slide actuated by a screw or lever, so as to descend into the female
die; the male die is formed of a number of segments hinged to a plate, and con-
nected to springs, which tend to keep the segments distended with small spaces
between them. The annular piece of cork (which may be conveniently formed by
bending a strip round and scarfing the ends) being introduced into the upper wide
part of the female die, and the male die being forced down, the cork in being
thus forced down in the tapering die will become compressed, and will eventually
pass in the compressed condition from the lower orifice of the die into the groove of

page_text: annular cork packing to covers of jars and receptacles generally, as also to pump
and other valves and the like.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2, a plan of a milk boiling apparatus
according to this Invention ;*Fig. 3 is a plan at the level of the jointing of the cover;
a is the cover of the boiler or vessel 6 secured tightly to it by engaging the gabs
of the two uprights g with the bolts on each side, and screwing down the fly nuts h.
The tight jointing of the cover to the boiler is made by means of a ring of com-
pressed cork k fitted into a recess of the cover, as will hereafter be described, and
having its edge pressed into the conical part c of the boiler. The underside of the
cover is curved as shown at d, and from the middle of it extends upwards a tapering
pipe e, which is bent over so as to open downwards immediately over an aperture f
into the boiler 6 provided with a float ball valve. When the boiler b is charged
with milk the valve 7 closes the aperture f, and heat being applied a portion of the
boiling and frothing milk rises up the tube e, and descends from its inverted mouth
in a stream, which has sufficient force to open the valve at fin opposition to the
pressure in the boiler, and to find its way into the boiler again. As the boiling
goes on, the circulation up the pipe and back through ƒ into the boiler becomes more
and more accelerated, increasing the pressure in the boiler till the temperature
therein becomes considerably higher than the boiling point of milk under atmo-
spheric pressure; Fig. 4 is a front view; and Fig. 5, a side view shewing the
application of a screw press to compressing the cork ring k into the recess of the
cover by means of a taper mould and expanding follower; Fig. 6 is a section;
Fig. 7, a plan; and Fig. 8, an elevation of the expanding follower; Fig. 9 is a
section; and Fig. 10, a plan of the taper mould. The mould m is divided vertically
in halves, which are hinged together and secured by a bolt and nut n; it has an
internal cylindrical core o. The expanding follower p consists of a head, to which
are hinged a number of cylindrical segments q, which are pressed outwards by
springs. The cork ring k, which may be simply a rectangular strip of cork bent
round and scarf jointed, as shewn in Fig. 11, is inserted into the mouth of the
mould m, the under face of the boiler cover being placed below the mould, as indi-
cated at a in Fig. 9, presenting upwards the annular recess for receiving the cork
ring; the follower p is then screwed down, and the ends of its segments q push
the cork ring down the tapering annular space in the mould between it and the
core o, and force it in a compressed condition into the recess % of the cover.
hinge jointing of the segments g of the follower permits them to accommodate
themselves to the taper of the mould. When the ring is thus forced into the
recess of the cover, the follower is withdrawn, the mould is opened on its hinge, and
the boiler cover with its cork packing ring is removed.
Tho
Although the apparatus has been described above as applied to the boiling of
milk, and the compressing and seating of a cork ring for the cover of a milk boiler,
it may be readily understood that the boiling apparatus is applicable in the boiling
of other more or less viscid liquids that froth when boiled, and that the cork com;
pressing dies are applicable to the compressing and seating of rings of yielding or
elastic material other than cork, such as may be used for making tight joints for the
flanges or covers of vessels generally.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim,―
First. The construction of annaratus for boiling milk or other viscid end frothing

page_text: liquids, consisting of a closed vessel or boiler with a pipe rising from its top, and
bending over so as to direct a stream of the liquid back into the boiler, substantially
as and for the purposes herein set forth with reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction of taper mould and expanding follower for effecting
the compression and seating of elastic or yielding packing rings, substantially as
herein described with reference to Figs. 4 to 10 inclusive of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Simon, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
HENRY SIMON. (L.S.)