IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING." FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Newsum, of Holbeck, near Leeds, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING."
FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING."
Sealed the 16th August 1870, and dated the 21st February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Newsum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1870.
I, GEORGE NEWSUM, of Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR LITHOGRAPHING AND LETTER-PRESS PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel arrangement whereby the machines
are brought more under the control of the attendants and the strain is
more equally distributed, thereby a more accurate and a better class of
work is produced.
The Invention consists in having a spur wheel at each end of the
cylinder, and so arranged as to run loose when required on the cylinder

page_text: shaft. These spur wheels gear into racks mounted on the table which is
used for carrying the types or stones. Motion is given to the table in
the ordinary or other suitable manner, and transmitted through the
aforesaid racks to the spur wheels, which consequently revolve simul-
taneously with the motion of the table. The number of teeth in both of
the spur wheels are complete throughout their circumference, so that the
cylinder is driven from both ends at the starting; by this means all
danger of its being moved out of position (by the strain of starting from
one end only) is avoided, and a more steady movement is produced.
The body of the spur wheels may be either formed with arms or spokes
-or-as_a_solid plate, but by preference the latter. On the plate of each
wheel is mounted a T lever working-freely-on_a_stud. Each plate is
provided with a slot through which one end of the T lever is allowed to
pass. The cylinder is provided with solid ends, and each end is provided
with a paul so arranged that the ends of the aforesaid T levers passing
through the spur wheels come in contact with them, thereby the
cylinder is made to revolve with the spur wheels. I place a shaft across
the machine in bearings fitted on the frames; at each end of this shaft
I fix a lever in such a position as to act upon the outer ends of the
T levers, and to relieve them from the pauls. This operation is performed
by the attendant, and allows the spur wheels to revolve backwards and
forwards with the table and independent of the cylinder. On one end of
the cylinder shaft I fix a break wheel, and on one end of the aforesaid
lever shaft I fix another lever, which simultaneously with the action of
the aforesaid levers locks the break wheel, whereby the cylinder is held
in a fixed position simultaneously with the disengaging of the T levers.
and pauls. The sheets to be operated upon are fed into the machine at
any suitable point below the centre of the cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Newsum in the Great Seal Patent Office a
on the 19th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
NEWSUM, of Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the

page_text: this means all danger of its being moved out of position (by the strain of
starting from one end only) is avoided, and a more steady movement is
produced. The body of the spur wheels is either formed with arms or
spokes or a solid plate, but by preference the latter. On the plate of
each wheel is mounted a T lever working freely on a stud. Each plate
is provided with a slot through which one end of the T lever is allowed
to pass. The cylinder is provided with solid ends, and each end is
provided with a paul so arranged that the ends of the aforesaid Ţ levers
passing through the spur wheels come in contact with them, thereby
the cylinder is made to revolve with the spur wheels. I place a shaft
across the machine in bearings fitted on the frame. At each end of this
shaft I fix a lever-in-such a position as to act upon the outer ends of the
T levers, and to relieve them from the pauls. This operation is per-
formed by the attendant and allows the spur wheels to revolve backwards-
and forwards with the table and independent of the cylinder. On one
end of the cylinder shaft I fix a break wheel, and on one end of the
aforesaid lever shaft I fix another lever which simultaneously with the
action of the aforesaid levers locks the break wheel, whereby the cylinder
is held in a fixed position simultaneously with the disengaging of the
T levers and pauls. The sheets to be operated upon are fed into the
machine at any suitable point below the centre of the cylinder.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood
I annex and procced to. describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are side elevations, and Fig. 4 a cross section and
elevation.
The spur wheels are shewn at 1, and are arranged to run loose on the
cylinder shaft 2 when required and gear into racks of ordinary con-
struction mounted on the table which carries the stones or types.
Motion is given to the table in the ordinary manner, and transmitted
through the racks to the spur wheels. The body of the spur wheels may
either be formed with arms or spokes or as a solid plate, as shewn at a;
on each plate is mounted a T lever b, so as to work freely on a stud c.
A slot is provided in each of the plates a, through which one end of each
T lever b is allowed to pass. The cylinder 3 is provided with solid ends d,
at each end is mounted on a stud a paul e provided with a spring f.
I place a shaft g across the machine fitted in suitable bearings on the
framework 4. On one end of the shaft g I secure the hand lever / on
the shaft by pinning or otherwise.
9
On the shaft g are mounted the

page_text: catches J provided wiih spiral springs k, which are attached to the
framework 4, as shewn. The operation of throwing in and out of gear
is as follows: In the Drawings the cylinder is shewn in gear with the
spur wheels, the lever his in the lower notch, tho catch J is down and
clear of the T lever and the paul e in front of the T lever b. By
raising the hand lever to the top notch the spring / would bring up
the catch J, as shewn in Fig. 3; it will be readily understood that the
catches J coming in contact with the T. levers before the completion of
the revolution of the spur wheels 1 that the spur wheels will complete
their revolution, but the T levers will be stopped and brought to the
opposite side of the slot, thereby preventing the paul e getting in front
of the T lever b; by this means the spur wheels may revolve backwards
and forwards without being brought into gear with the cylinder. Both
ends of the cylinder are worked simultaneously by the hand lever /
through shaft g. On the framework 4 I mount so as to slide freely the
break bar and the stop bar m. The break bar is of ordinary con-
struction. The head of the stop bar may be made a semicircle, as
shewn, or a V form, so as to receive the bowl n which is mounted so as
to work freely on a stud o on the friction or drag wheel 5. P and q are
springs whereby the required pressure is given to the break or drag and
to the stop bar. On a driving shaft 6 I mount the cam which gives
the required motion through the lever s, which is mounted on a stud on
the framework 4. This motion is for the purposes of liberating the drag
wheel by means of the end of the levers coming in contact with the
nuts t, t, which may be set to any required position. The cam r is
shewn at the point of liberating the stop bar and revolves in the
direction shewn by arrow. At point 1 the stop bar is clear of the
bowl n, but the break or drag still remains in contact with the friction
or drag wheel until the bowl on the end of the lever gets into
point 2, when the drag is released to allow the cylinder to revolve at 3;
the break is again put on to prevent any backlash, so that the type or
stone always meets the cylinder in one place. At point 4 the break is
again taken off during the operation of taking the impression at point 5,
the break is again put on to steady the cylinder previous to the stop
being again brought into operation at point 7. As an assistance to the
spring on the stop bar I employ a lug 8 on the cam plate, which forces
the lever 8 up, whereby the stop bar rises and brings the cylinder by
means of the friction or drag wheel into its proper position for receiving
the next sheet.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner.
in which the same is to, be performed, I would remark, in conclusion
that I do not limit myself to the exact details and configuration of
the parts I have explained and shewn, as the same may of course be
varied or modified without in any way departing from the nature and
principle of my Invention; 'I am aware that there is, no novelty in the
application of two loose wheels for driving the cylinders; but what I do,
claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent arc,-
Firstly. The general arrangement of lithographing and letter-press:
printing machines fitted with loose wheels at each end of cylinder with
reference to the means of throwing the same in and out of gear and
locking the break-wheel, substantially-as.described...
And, secondly. The arrangement of cam motion and stop bar for
lithographing and letter-press. printing machines, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof; I, the said George Newsum, have hereunto sct
my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy..
]
GEORGE NEWSUM. (L.S.).