matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
ENABLING MANKIND TO FLY THROUGH THE AIR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Scott Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1861.
I, JOSEPH SCOTT PHILLIPS, Major, H.M.'s Indian Retired List, of No. 10,
College Crescent, Finchley Road, N.W., London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "ENABLING MANKIND TO FLY THROUGH THE AIR," to be
as follows:-
Its principle is contained in the propulsion of a plane against the atmosphere
by means of wings shaped like the hoof of a calf, (or any other animal)
affixed to large light wheels, and made of firm or loose flapping and bagging
material, the said plane being formed of wooden or iron framework stretched
with silk, or sailcloth, or other light material. These winged wheels being
caused to rotate by a spring in a model, or by the hand, or by steam machinery,
will flap as they revolve, and renew an impulse on the air compressed by the
plane faster than the said air can possibly recede from the pressure, and there-
fore all details being properly proportioned to the weight to be carried, the
machine with whatever it contains will necessarily be upborne by the air.
The chief peculiarity of this my Invention lies in the bagging and sagging
hoof-shaped wings, which in rotating through a current of air bag and press
on one half of the circle of rotation, and sagg or flap flat as they pass through
the other half. Thus obtaining what has never been had before, a wheel
rotating with wings in the air pressing on one half of the circle, and non-
resisting on the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL,. COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Bunting Farrar and Joshua
Farrar at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th April 1861.
We, JABEZ BUNTING FARRAR and JOSHUA FARRAR, of Halifax, in the
County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL,.
COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in spinning machinery, for
which Letters Patent were granted to us, dated June 12th, 1860, No. 1434,
in the Specification of which Letters Patent the collars on the spindles which
support the bobbins are described and illustrated to be fast thereon. Now,
the present improvements consist in having the said collars loose on the
spindles, with arms or projections which extend to and enter grooves cut in the
inner surfaces of the rotating cups therein shewn, by which the said collars are
caused to rotate on the spindles, the arms being capable of sliding up and:
down in the grooves as the spindles rise and lower, the said loose collars being
supported by shoulders formed on the spindles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING WOOD IN IMITATION OF INLAID WORK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1861.
I, THOMAS BRAY, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING WOOD IN
IMITATION OF INLAID WORK," to be as follows:-
Firstly, I take glue or any kind of glutinous matter, and reduce it to the
consistency of jelly, then with a soft brush, such as is used by painters, give the
clean wood one even coat.
Secondly, I take the following compound, gum-elimi, benzoine, thus, or other
soft gum, which dissolves in spirit, saponis and spermaceti dissolved in pure
spirit of any kind, and with this composition draw the desired pattern upon
the wood with a pencil or by the aid of patterns cut as stencil plates or
otherwise.
Thirdly, I take any colour or staining material dissolved in water, and with
a brush or tool, such as is used by painters, I grain or stain the whole surface
in imitation of the wood, marble, or other substances required to be imitated.
Fourthly, I take pure spirit and with a brush saturate and wash the whole
thoroughly clean, by which means the stain will be removed from the parts of
the surface where the composition above mentioned has been applied according
to pattern, but the stain on the other parts of the wood will not be removed
therefrom. When the spirit has evaporated, I polish or varnish the surface as
may be required.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF SMOKE AND GASES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Bernard Chaussenot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1861.
I, JACQUES BERNARD CHAUSSENOT, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR DRAWING OFF SMOKE AND GASES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus chiefly applicable to
chimneys for drawing off smoke, and to pipes communicating with the holds of
ships, or with any other place, for drawing off foul air and producing ventila-
tion. This apparatus is composed of a cylinder placed internally, open at the
side; before this lateral opening another cylinder is placed at a distance from
the opening, and two straight pieces are placed right and left of the space left
between the two cylinders. Another large piece or vane is fixed to the exte-
rior of the cylinder on the side opposite to the opening, in such wise that the
wind will cause this opening to be just opposite to the direction of the wind.
The apparatus is provided with a cover, upon the top of which is a valve held
in a socket fixed to the cover; this valve rests on the extremity of a stem
firmly fixed by two cross bars on the end of the pipe communicating with the
chimney or place to be ventilated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLE-BOXES FOR THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES USED ON RAILWAYS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES USED ON COMMON ROADS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF REDUCING FRICTION
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bateson Rickards, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on tho 19th
January 1861. A communication from abroad. by Charles Jean de
Mat, of Rue Saint Jacques, Paris, in the French Empire.
I, JAMES BATESON RICKARDS, of Snow Hill, in the City of London, do
Bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF AXLE-BOXES FOR THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES USED ON RAILWAYS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE WHEELS OF VEHICLES USED ON COMMON ROADS, FOR THE
PURPOSE OF REDUCING FRICTION," (a communication,). to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the nave of a wheel a casting or box
passed through a hole in said nave, and also in adapting to the journal of the
axle spheres of metal held in position between two grooved rings of metal
fixed at some distance asunder within the aforesaid box and two corresponding
grooved channels made in two collars formed upon the journal of the axle.
The aforesaid spheres, which may be of small diameter, are held equidistant
from each other around the axle and within the box by adapting other
smaller spheres of metal between each of the larger spheres; by these means
it is the larger spheres only that are in contact with the journal, and thus
the friction on said journal is considerably diminished; and I would here
observe that an important feature in this Invention consists in its requiring
little if any lubricating material to be used. I am aware that spheres have
heretofore been used in the construction of wheels, axle-boxes, and axles for
reducing friction, but I am not aware of such spheres having been arranged,
and disposed, and connected to the axle-box as above described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DYEING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bowden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1861.
I, JOSEPH BOWDEN, of the Hulme-street Works, Salford, in the County of.
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist and Drysalter, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DYEING," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the employment of certain ingredients
for fixing colours, in an improved arrangement and combination of vessels
connected by pipes containing the articles to be dyed, and the ingredients for
mordanting, fixing, and dyeing.
In performing my Invention I employ a vessel provided with a perforated
column through the centre, and with a grate near the bottom, on which the
fibrous materials to be dyed, either in a manufactured or unmanufactured
state, are placed; this vessel is connected by pipes to the vessels containing the
mordant, the fixing liquor, and the dyeing mixture, and all the vessels are
connected to a steam pipe. When the articles are placed in the first vessel,
and the lid or manhole has been secured, the mordant is forced from the
vessel containing it into the articles to be operated upon; after the mordanting
is finished the mordant is forced back again into the vessel from whence it
was taken; the mordant is then fixed by forcing the fixing liquor into the first

page_text: vessel, and the ingredients which I prefer to employ for fixing colours on cotton
goods or fabrics are the silicates, arseniates, and phosphates of soda, but any
other suitable ingredients may be employed. After the process of fixing, the
articles under operation may be washed or not washed, and then the dyeing
mixture is forced into the first vessel until the process of dyeing is completed.
In all cases the mordant, the fixing liquors, and the dyeing materials
circulate through the articles in the first vessel as long as may be
requisite.
The above details, and the order in which the processes are performed,
may be varied or modified according to the different styles and colours to be
produced.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE FRAMES OF SPECTACLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sutton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1861.
I, JAMES SUTTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Optician, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE FRAMES
OF SPECTACLES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the introduction of a movable joint fitting on
to the front or part carrying the lenses, into which said movable joint the
temples or sides are fitted. This movable joint allows the front to be altered
to any angle required to bring the lenses parallel between the retina and the
object to which the eye is directed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS AND PICTURES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Schloss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th Decem-
ber 1861. A communication from abroad by Simeon Schloss, of Paris,
France.
I, JOSEPH SCHLOSS, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENVELOPES FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS AND PICTURES," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Simeon Schloss, of Paris, France,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in forming envelopes, intended chiefly for containing
"carte de visite" portraits, and for their being forwarded conveniently by post
as hereafter described. I take a sheet of paper or paper cloth, or other.
material suitable for envelopes, and of a breadth equal to the length of the
envelope when finished. I form the usual flap at one end of the paper, and
form a frame in or on the opposite end, either by folding the paper over on
itself, or by the employment of a separate frame of paper. In the first case,
that is, where the paper is folded over, I first cut the "window" or aperture
therein, for showing the picture, and cement the top and bottom edges to the
other part of the sheet; one side will thus remain unattached for the insertion
of the picture. Where the frame is in a detached piece, I attach it at top
and bottom and one side. After insertion of the picture, that part of the
sheet on which the frame is applied, together with the picture and frame is

page_text: folded over, and the flap is folded over the back of that part on which the
frame is applied. When several pictures are to be enclosed, I use a greater
length of paper, and apply additional frames, and where only two pictures
are to be enclosed, I apply an additional frame on that part of the paper
which when the envelope is folded covers the face of the first picture.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, HOOPS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allott and John Thelwall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
6th September 1861.
I, WILLIAM ALLOTT and JOHN THELWALL, of Hall, in the County of York,
Iron Masters, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEEL TYRES, HOOPS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing wheel tyres, hoops, and other metal articles of an annular
form according to our Invention, we produce two rings, composed each of a bar
coiled in a helical form, the coil of the one ring being in the opposite direction
to that of the other, and the ends of the bar being tapered off so as to leave an
even face on the ends of the helix or side of the ring. One of these rings is
made of smaller diameter than the other, and is fitted inside the larger one,
and as they are coiled in opposite directions the joints or seams will cross each
other, thereby considerably increasing the strength of the tyre or hoop, which
is free from the usual weld and is not liable to split as ordinary tyres are; any
desired number of such rings or coils may be inserted one inside the other,
according to the strength and dimensions of the tyre to be produced, care being
taken that no two adjoining coils are in the same direction, in order that the
crossing of the seams or joints may be insured. The blank tyre or hoop thus
formed is now welded under the steam hammer, and then finished by rolling
in the usual or any other suitable manner.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Settle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1861.
I, THOMAS SETTLE, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN PREPARING COTTON, WOOL,
FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to such descriptions of machinery as are employed for
preparing, roving, and slubbing cotton and other fibrous substances previously
to spinning, wherein the apparatus known as the "presser flyer" is used, the
present improvement relating to such apparatus termed "presser flyers." The
portion of the "flyer" called the "presser," and used to conduct the cotton
on to the bobbin or spool, has hitherto been furnished with an eyelet, through
which the roving of cotton or other fibrous substance is passed, and which by
constant friction becomes filled with loose filaments of cotton, impeding the
free delivery thereof, and materially injuring the yarn.
My improvement consists in forming a groove or channel in the "presser,"
the yarn being passed once or twice round the "presser arm" and into tho
groove, which will be found sufficient to guide it in the required direction and
instead of through the eyelet, as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR ENGINES EMPLOYED FOR CARDING COTTON, SILK, FLAX, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Conlong at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1861.
I, JAMES CONLONG, of Belfast, Ireland, Carding Master, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR ENGINES
EMPLOYED FOR CARDING COTTON, SILK, FLAX, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed more particularly for the better carding of cotton
in passing it from the roller or worker to the stripper or clearer, which I
propose to effect by means of round or other shaped bars, revolving or other-
wise, and applied between the roller and stripper or worker. According to
the present method of carding cotton it is well known that from the position
of the cards on the stripper or clearer, and roller or worker, the stripper takes
the material from the roller unevenly, or with the fibres thereof thrown across
each other, and in flakes or uneven pieces, and it is to remedy this objection
that I propose to employ the aforesaid rod or bar, the weight of which holds
down the material, and the stripper stretches the fibres previous to depositing
them again on the cylinder to be carried forward to the doffer. The aforesaid
rod is set so as just to clear the stripper and close to the worker, the diameter
of the rod must be larger for long fibre than for short fibre. In carding
very short cotton I propose to employ a flat bar in lieu of the rod before
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mapple at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1861.
I, JAMES MAPPLE, of No. 2, Newman's Place, Kentish Town, London,
Midd., Telegraph and Clock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
The apparatus herein-after described is intended to overcome a difficulty
which Mr. Morse found insurmountable in his telegraph, i. e., tracing the
despatches in ink on a strip of paper commonly used, which paper is carried
forward by the force of a main spring or weight turning a train of wheels,
pinions, and rollers; Mr. Morse used contrivances of various kinds, but his
efforts with this object in view failed in practice.
This Invention consists of an endless chain rotated by the train of wheels,
and in its rotation it is made to rub against an inking roller supplied with
common printing ink, and the strip of paper is pressed against the inked
surface of chain by the attractive force of an electro-magnet, which magnet is
common to all the Morse telegraphs, and by these means the despatches are
traced in ink on the said strip of paper in lieu of indentations produced by the
common Morse instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASEMENT OR FRENCH WINDOWS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Pierre Mataran at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1861.
I, PROSPER PIERRE MATARAN, of No. 60, Rue Lalande, in the City of
Bordeaux, Department of the Gironde, in the Empire of France, Ironmaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CASEMENT OR FRENCH WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct those windows known as case-
ments or French windows partly of wood and partly of metal, so that they
will be less solid and more elegant in appearance, be easily changed if desired,
and the panes of glass fitted in or taken out at pleasure. To effect this I
propose to make an outer and fixed frame of wood, a middle framing of metal
(to be fixed to the wooden casing by hinges) and an inner framing of wood
to receive the glass; tie pieces serve to hold the mixed frame together. The
casement, when closed, is secured by the ordinary or ornamented French
window bolt or other contrivance.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gibson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1861.
JAMES GIBSON, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Tailor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to sewing machines a vessel containing
water or other liquid, either alone or combined with size or bees' wax in a fluid
state, through which the sewing thread is conveyed in its passage from the
bobbin to the needle, the object being to render the work firmer and more
durable, and to prevent the breaking of the sewing thread; the needles will also
last much longer than when dry thread is used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STACKING CORN AND OTHER CROPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Goucher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1861.
I, JOHN GOUCHER, of Worksop, in the County of Nottingham, Iron
Founder, Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STACKING CORN AND OTHER CROPS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in stacking corn in such manner as to leave a passage
or passages up through the stack for the circulation of air. I prefer to form a
hollow or skeleton frame, upon and against which the corn or other crop is
stacked, and to fix the foundation frame at a distance from the ground, to allow
of free circulation of air under and up through the stack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND EVAPORATING BRINE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stubbs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1861.
I, JOHN STUBBS, of Winsford, in the County of Chester, Engine Driver,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND EVAPORATING BRINE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for heating and evaporating brine in the manufacture of salt,
whereby the brine to be evaporated is supplied to the pan at an elevated
temperature, and consists in the employment for that purpose of a large
shallow wrought-iron evaporating pan, as ordinarily used, heated by a suitable
fire-place or fire-places situate at one end of the pan, and within these fire-
places and flues are placed a number of iron tubes in connection with the
evaporating pan, so that the brine liquor may be heated as it passes through
them on its way to the pan, in lieu of being supplied at the ordinary
temperature.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE AND CARRIAGE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto John Theodore Gössell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th July 1861.-A communication from abroad by Heinrich
Ehrhardt, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, OTTO JOHN THEODORE GÖSSELL, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINED LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE AND CARRIAGE," to be as follows:-
The express railway carriage (so called by the Inventor) differs from the
ordinary railway train in so far that it is a combination of the three principal
parts of an ordinary train, and includes in one body, and mounted upon the
same framing, 1, a locomotive engine; 2, a tender to carry water and fuel;
and 3, a carriage or compartments to receive a limited number of passengers.
The whole carriage will not exceed twenty-five feet in length.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR CONTAINING AND DRAWING OFF BEER AND OTHER MALT LIQUOR, AND IN DRAWING MALT LIQUOR FROM CASKS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jules Léon Chazaren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1861.
I, JEAN JULES LÉON CHAZAREN, of Paris, in the French Empire, Brewer'
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR CONTAINING AND DRAWING OFF BEER AND OTHER MALT LIQUOR,
AND IN DRAWING MALT LIQUOR FROM CASKS," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatuses for containing and drawing off beer are composed
of a vessel divided into two compartments, an upper and a lower compartment,
which communicate through a tube provided with a tap, the upper compart-
ment is fitted with pipes and an outlet tube, and valve worked by a handle,
in a manner similar to a gazogene. The malt liquor is placed in the upper
compartment. Water is placed in the lower compartment and powder for
generating carbonic acid gas; the tube through which the gas rises is carried
above the level of the malt liquor in the upper compartment. On opening the
outlet valve, by depressing the handle before named, the pressure of the gas
forces out the malt liquor."
My improvement in drawing malt liquor from casks consists in admitting or
forcing carbonic acid gas into the cask, when the liquor will be driven.through
an outlet pipe fitted for the purpose.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on thọ 27th.
April 1861. A communication from abroad by William Benjamin,
of the City of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
"This Invention of an improvement in gas burners consists in the adaptation
to gas burners of a valve, whereby the pressure of the gas to the exit aperture
of the burner may be properly regulated. The burner is divided into two
parts, between which is placed a cylindrical chamber, called the valve chamber.
To the upper part of this chamber is secured a vertical tube open at both ends,
and provided with a seat to receive a weight, which is lifted in the tube as the
valve below rises. The valve consists of a cylindrical tube provided at its
upper end with a conical projecting piece, which is inserted in the lower end
of the tube at the top' of the valve chamber. This conical projecting piece is
made of a slightly élliptical form, so as to leave spaces between it and the
tube for the passage of the gas. As the gas enters the burner it forces up the
cylindrical valve to a greater or less height, according to the pressure, and the
valve as it rises lifts up the weight, and restricts or contracts the passages. It
will, therefore, be understood, that as the pressure varies the valve will move
up or down, and by this means modify the size of the opening. In the upper
part of the burner is placed a disc of perforated metal or wire cloth, for the
purpose of distributing the gas.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR GENTLEMEN'S, LADIES', AND CHILDREN'S WEAR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1861.
I, CHARLES EDMUND WILSON, of Monkwell Street, Falcon Square, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR GENTLEMEN'S, LADIES', AND CHILDREN'S WEAR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in sewing to the collar, at a short distance from its
outer edge, a border or hem turned up to the under or wrong side of the
collar, and stitched or sewn thereto, and in sewing to the collar on the right
side, and near the border or hem, one or other number of tucks extending
parallel with the border from the two extremities of the band.
The collars may be cut of any desired shape, either angular.or curved at
the corners, and the tucks may be laid on so as to correspond therewith in
outline; or they may be made to differ in their uniform position with regard
to the outline of the collar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS BY LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crofts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1861.
I, WILLIAM CROFTS, of Lenton Terrace, Park Side, Nottingham, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS BY LACE
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to when threads are laid in the fabric in a direc-
tion from selvage to selvage thereof, somewhat in the character of weft threads
in ordinary looms, and relato to employing supporting instruments at intervals
oporated in succession in such manner that as such weft or transverse threads
are taken across the machine by a suitable carrier or carriers, such supporting
means will be moved under, and thus progressively give support to the thread
or threads as thus taken, and such supports may be operated to raise the
thread up into the fabric or into position, to be taken by points or other
instruments for that purpose.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER WRITTEN PAPERS OR DOCUMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Greville Conyers Hudson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1861.
I, WALTER GREVILLE CONYERS HUDSON, of No. 25, Milk Street, Cheap-
side, in the City of London, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND
OTHER WRITTEN PAPERS OR DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:-
In a box or case made of wood or other material, or partly made of wood
and partly of another material, and either through the centre thereof, or some
other part of it, I insert a roller made of wood or metal, as I may prefer,
having attached to one end thereof (which protrudes through one end of the
box or case), or which forms part thereof, as I may prefer, a wheel having
teeth or cogs therein, near to which is a moveable check or repellent power
to prevent the roller receding after being wound up, such winding being per-
formed by a spanner or key. To the said roller is attached or connected a
sheet or piece of cloth, which passes through the front of the said box or case,
whereon the letters or other papers are laid for the purpose of being copied,
and by the leverage obtained by pressing the said spanner or key the operation
of copying is performed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING STEEL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dawes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th December
1861.
I, HENRY DAWES, of Sale Green, Sale Moor, near Manchester, in the
County of Chester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING STEEL FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINE," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary steel as now used and adopted for crinoline, I
subject the steel to a process of electrotyping with an inferior metal, such as
zinc, copper, tin, brass, or other suitable metals, by which the steel will with-
stand rust or corrosion from the atmosphere, and will maintain a bright and
smooth surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING POINTED TAPE TRIMMING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Belding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1861. A communication from abroad by William Sparks
Thomson, residing at No. 336, Broadway, New York, in the United
States of America.
I, GEORGE WASHINGTON BELDING, of No. 3, Moor Lane, Cripplegate, in the
City of London, Manager of the Business of Messieurs Thomson and Com-
pany, of the same Place, Crinoline Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING
POINTED TAPE TRIMMING," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so arranging the sewing machine that the
tape is folded in the required manner to present a series of points, and the
tape so folded is fed under the needle or needles (when a double needle
machine is used) and sewn with a single or double row of stitches as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CINDER SIFTERS
Year: 1861

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Charles Lock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1861.
I, GEORGE CHARLES LOCK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CINDER
SIFTERS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to a convenient form of cinder sifter for domestic use,.
enabling the cinders to be separated from the ashes at the fireside, and the
cinders thrown on the fire therefrom, at the same time the ashes are retained,
and consists of a square or other suitably shaped box, which externally may
resemble an ordinary coal box for domestic use. The external box or casing is
fitted internally with a plate or shelf, dividing the upper from the lower portion
of the box. This shelf or plate is attached horizontally to the inner side of the
front of the box, and extends obliquely down towards, but not up to the back
thereof, thereby leaving an opening between the lower edge of the plate and
the back of the box, to allow the ashes falling upon the plate to slide down
and fall beneath it. A little above the oblique shaft described is placed a
riddle, perforated plate or grating, which occupies the whole area of the box,
and is also placed in an oblique direction, with its lower side against the inside
of the back of the box.
The cinders and ashes are placed upon the perforated shelf, where the cinders
are retained, and the ashes passing through the meshes of the riddle (or per-

page_text: forations in the plate, when a grating is used) fall on to the oblique shelf,
slide down it, and fall into the bottom of the box, where they are trapped to
allow the apparatus to be turned down to discharge, the cinders left on the
grating. The ashes may be discharged through a small door on the back side
or bottom of the box, or the oblique shaft and grating may be so fitted as to
allow of their removal for that purpose. It is preferred to enclose the hinder
portion of the top of the apparatus with a fixed cover, and the other portion
with a jointed lid, which opens upward and backward, and is provided on the
top near the front with a loop handle, which can be used to hold open the lid,
at the same time the apparatus is lifted by a transverse bow handle, resembling
that of an ordinary coal box. In some cases it may be found desirable to use
more than one riddle and more than one oblique shelf.
AN IMPROVED GAITER OR COVERING FOR THE LEG
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Morgan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1861.
I, MARK MORGAN, of Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED GAITER OR COVERING FOR THE LEG," to be as follows:-
My improvement has for its object to cover the leg in the fashion of gaiter or
knickerbocker by a legging requiring no support either by strap; button,
buckle, or other fastening.
It is composed partly of canvass and partly of leather (any material pos-
sessing the necessary suppleness and elasticity may be employed). One vertical
seam only is made in the article. It is passed over the foot before the boot or
shoe is put on, and over the trouser or other vestment reaching the knee; the
shoe is then put on and the lower part of the legging pressed down, fitting
neatly over the instep, and together with the shoe giving the appearance of an
entire boot.
For ladies I insert a small gore of elastic webbing in the lower part of the
legging and at one of its sides; also in all cases where it is required to be pulled
over the shoe, a gore of elastic webbing may be inserted at the lower portion
of the legging where least observable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER QUADRUPEDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen William Silver and Hall
Pringle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th December 1861.
We, STEPHEN WILLIAM SILVER, of Bishopsgate Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, and HALL PRINGLE, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER QUADRUPEDS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in manufacturing shoes entirely of hardened
india-rubber known as ebonite or vulcanite, alone or mixed with metal filings
or particles of metal, or with gritty material, in order to give hardness and
durability to the shoe; second, in lining shoes as at present made with vul-
canite or ebonite in order to prevent the jar to the feet of the animals; and,
third, in forming shoes whether made of iron, and lined or not with one or
more joints to allow of the natural lateral expansion of the hoof.
AN IMPROVED NEEDLE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scott Wells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1861.
I, JOHN SCOTT WELLS, of Mount Street, in the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Manufacturer of Hosiery, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED NEEDLE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF LOOPED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My improved needle differs from the common bearded needle in the follow-
ing respects-In place of the long beard, which is depressed by a presser,
which forms part of the machine or frame in which the common needle is used,
I propose to use a needle having a much shorter beard, or I make the needle
to terminate in a hook, and in that part of the needle called the eye, which in
the common needle is a groove lying under the beard, I use a slot made quite
through the substance of the needle; in this slot I insert a small piece of
metal, having a groove in its upper surface, which receives the end of the
beard or hook; the metal piece passes through the slot, and is rivetted or
enlarged on the bottom side thereof, so that the piece cannot be displaced; the
piece is capable of sliding from one end of the slot to the other end, and the
grooved portion is inclined downwards both ways. This needle may be used
without a presser. I also propose to make needles each end having a beard
or hook and slot with sliding piece, as above mentioned.
A NOVEL MODE OF ADVERTIZING, SIGNALLING, GIVING NOTICES, OR OTHER COMMUNICATIONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bristow Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
January 1861.
I, CHARLES BRISTOW WALKER, of 1*, Southampton Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NOVEL MODE OF ADVERTIZING, SIGNALLING, GIVING NOTICES,
OR OTHER COMMUNICATIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of a lantern, similar in construc-
tion, but differing in form, so as to meet the desired effect of an ordinary
magic lantern. In lieu of the ordinary piece of glass or slide upon which the
coloured views or characters are delineated, I employ a circular or other piece
of glass, which I render opaque in some instances, and upon which I trace
the advertizement or other matter intended for display, and I place the same
either before or behind the lense or lenses of the lantern. By this means I
cause when lighted up and directed upon a wall or other place, a copy mag-
nified to any required extent of such advertizement or other matter to be
vividly shewn in the dark. By this method of advertizing no disfigurement is
occasioned, or any eyesore left upon the walls or other places reflected on, and
a simple, cheap, and attractive announcement is secured. In addition to
street advertizing, it can be made available for railway signalling, and other
useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TIRES OF WHEELS FOR VEHICLES USED ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rebecca Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 24th
January 1861.
I, REBECCA THOMAS, of Bath Street, Tabernacle Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TIRES OF WHEELS FOR VEHICLES USED ON COMMON ROADS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the securing of tires on wheels more
effectually than heretofore, so that in the event of the tire breaking it will
nevertheless remain attached to the felloe of the wheel. The following is an
example of the means by which I propose to effect the object of this Invention,
that is to say, I form the tire of the wheel with lugs or projections on the
edges thereof at certain distances apart, the lugs on one edge coming opposite
to the spaces between the lugs on the other edge. These lugs are intended
to embrace the felloe of the wheel, and may be connected thereto by screws
passed through said lugs, or by bolts and nuts, or the said screws or bolts may
pass through the tire and felloe, or be secured to the tire and wheel in any
other convenient and suitable-manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, GRATES, OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carson Corsan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1861.
I, WILLIAM CARSON CORSAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Mer-
chant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STOVES, GRATES, OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to do away with the necessity of having
coal boxes or other receptacles for fuel exposed in the apartment, or of having
the fuel brought for the purpose of supplying the fire whilst such apartments
are occupied, by which not only considerable interruption, but also dirt and
inconvenience from the dropping of particles of the fuel as well as dust, are
created. For this purpose I form one or both of the sides of the stove,
grate, or other fire-place, or parts connected therewith, to open, and behind
such openings I form receptacles for the fuel, or places adapted to receive
receptacles for the fuel, which may be filled elsewhere, and then placed in
position ready for use; or the insides of such parts may be formed with or to
receive suitable receptacles, which are brought into position for use by the
opening of the enclosing means. When closed, these parts so made to
open may form part of the general character of the stove, grate, or other
fire-place.
THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN ELECTRO-DEPOSITS TO THE COATING OR FINISHING OF THE STRETCHERS, RIBS, AND OTHER METAL PORTIONS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fearn and Thomas Cox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th December 1861.
We, THOMAS FEARN, Electroplater and Gilder, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, and THOMAS Cox, jun., Umbrella and Parasol Manu-
facturer, also of Birmingham, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN ELECTRO-DEPOSITS TO THE
COATING OR FINISHING OF THE STRETCHERS, RIBS, AND OTHER METAL PORTIONS OF
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention consists in the application to the coating or covering (by the
agency of electricity) of the metal portions of umbrellas and parasols with tin
or alloys that will readily mix and amalgamate with tin, so as not materially
to affect the white or bright colour natural to tin so deposited, nevertheless
we purpose that tin shall form the principal basis of our deposit. The metal
portions of umbrellas and parasols thus treated will present a clean, neat
appearance, and not liable to corrode or oxidize, as the iron and steel portions
of such articles are now subject to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Yeadon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1861.
I, JOHN YEADON, of Lancashire Hill, near Stockport, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Reed Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of using cord or band for forming the healds, I employ wire of any
suitable metal in short lengths, and flatten the middle where the eye is placed,
and also the ends which are joined to the shafts. The eye is punched round,
oval, oblong, or other desired shape, and the ends are 'fixed into the shafts by
gutta percha cement.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF GLOVE FOR CURRYING HORSES AND OTHER CATTLE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lockington Cole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
June 1861.
I, RICHARD LOCKINGTON COLE, of. Minerva Place, Kennington Road, in
the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF GLOVE FOR CURRYING HORSES
AND OTHER CATTLE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a cheap and efficient brushing
surface that will take the place both of the curry comb and horsehair brush.
To this end I form a glove from a fabric having a cocoa-nut fibre pile; the
fibre is woven into a foundation composed of strong strands of hemp (com-
posing the warp) interlaced by weft threads so disposed as effectually to
secure the tufts of cocoa-nut fibre in position. The fabric thus formed is
made up into a glove sufficiently large to receive the hand and four fingers of
the ostler, and it is lined with strong cotton, which is continued beyond one
edge of the glove to form a thumb-piece. This glove, the back and front of
which are alike, intended to be used indifferently on either hand of the ostler
or groom, and as it possesses that irregularity of surface which will ensure its
penetrating into the coats of horses and cattle generally, it will enable the
groom effectually to curry and brush his horses at one operation.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING LEAD
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Zenner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1861.
I, DAVID ZENNER, of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tync,
Practical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING LEAD," to be as follows:-
The lead to be purified is subjected, after being first melted, to the action of
chlorine, iodine, bromine, fluorine, or oxygen, either singly or several of them
mixed together, or mixed with atmospheric air, carbonic acid, carbonic oxide,
nitrogen, or other similar gases, which gases or mixture of gases are passed
through the melted lead, either whilst it is in a furnace or in a pot, or whilst
it is flowing through channels or falling in a shower of fine streams or drops
into or through a vessel containing the gases. The chlorine, oxygen, or other
matters may also be applied to the lead to be purified in the form of compounds,
such as chloride of lead, oxide of lead, or otherwise, or mixtures of two or
more of such compounds, say, oxide and chloride of lead, sulphate of lead, with
the chlorides of alkalies or alkaline earths; also the combination of arsenic,
antimony, and tin, or their oxides and acids, when combined with oxide of
lead. The lead to be purified is agitated when melted with the compounds,
or mixture of several of them, either simultaneously or alternately.