FOR AN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CARDING AND SPINNING WOOLS AND HAIR'S WHICH I TITLE FILO FINISHER
Year: 1841

page_text: DE FONTAINEMOREAU'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ARMAND le Compte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of No. 7, Skinner's Place, Size
Lane, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-one, did give and grant unto me, the said Pierre Armand le
Compte de Fontainemoreau, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Pierre
Armand le Compte de Fontainemoreau, my exors, adññors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Pierre Armand le Compte de Fontainemoreau,
my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention
"FOR AN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CARDING AND SPINNING WOOLS AND HAIR'S
WHICH I TITLE FILO FINISHER," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
that I, the said Pierre Armand le Compte de Fontainemoreau, shall particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Pierre Armand le Compte de Fontainemorenu, do herchy declare the nature
of the said Invention to consist in improved machinery, whereby wools and
hairs, (which latter term I apply to certain substances known in the trade by
that name, and which may be spun in a manner similar to wool, as the rabbit
hair or coney wool) being received into the machinery in the state of sliver
of patted wool, prepared in any of the usual ways, are delivered therefrom in
the state of spun wool, twist, yarn, or thread; and I call the said improved
machinery by the name Filo Finisher, since the substances, after being sub-
jected to the operation of this machinery, are in the state of finished yarn or
thread, with the proper and requisite twist, and may be used immediately as
warp and weft; that is, the Invention consists in performing by one machine
the processes which have hitherto been performed by two machines, viz,
by the carding engine and mule spinning. jinny, or other spinning machine.
And I do hereby further declare the nature of the said Invention, 'and in what
manner the same may-be performed; to be particularly described and ascer-
tained by the following, reference being had to the Drawings therein referred

page_text: of the great, drum A; C", Figures 1 and 2, cog or catch wheel moveable
upon an axis, and receiving its motion from C'; C, Figures 1 and 2, cast-
iron wheel' fixed to. C (and giving motion to the comber IV). I, II, III,
IV, cast-iron cylinders,. furnished with rings; collars, or filletings of card teeth
called: combers.;. they can vary in diameter, and the rings, collars, or filletings
in breadth, and, consequently, of numbers. These filletings are disposed in a
manner so as to take up all the surface of the wool which the drum presents
to the combers (see the collars S,. Figure 2)... D, Figures 1 and 2, cast-iron
wheel, placed on the comber IV; D', Figures 1 and 2, cast-iron pulley, fixed
on, the axis of the drum. A; D, D, Figure 1, cylinders furnished with
filletings of card teeth, called feeders.. N", Figures 1 and 2, cast-iron or
wooden pulley, placed upon the axis or spindle which bears the pinion Q.
O, Figure 1, variable pinion, regulating the ingress of the wool into the
machine; O', Figure 1,. cast-iron wheel, fixed on the fceder. D; O",
Figure 1, wooden lattice-work or grating,, divided so as to distribute. equally
on the surface of the drum A the wool necessary for every, spindle;
Figure 1, pulley fixed on the feeder D.
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS FOR SPINNING. THE WOOL..
0111
E, Figures 1 and 2, cast-iron pulley, fixed on the same axis, as the bevil
wheel E, that pulley varying in diameter according to the velocity. to be given
to, the spindles and bobbins for spinning the substance into the, warp and the
wof or weft. E, Figures 1 and 2, bevil wheel fixed upon the axis E
E", Figures and 2, bevil wheel fixed upon the axis E., E, Figures
1 and 2, iron axis. E, Figures 1 and 2, cast-iron pulley, fixed upon
E E, Figure 2, iron axis. F, Figures 1 and 2, iron axis. The
communication of motion between F and. E is made by a clutch or coupling,
as, seen at F, Fig. 3, Drawing II. J, J, Figures 1 and 2, iron plates forming
the sides of the pulley F" F", Figures 1 and 2, pulley formed by six
segments inserted between the plates J, J. From the middle of these
segments project pieces in the direction of radii, in which there are holes
for the insertion of the rods, F of the cone. L, L, Figures 1 and 2,
metal plates of different diameters, or six radial pieces united by the
rods F, so as to form a species of cone. The pieces L, L, slide on
the axis F, and the rods, by their contact with the radii of the segmental
picces, cause them to move with the cone. The size or diameter of the pulley
between the sides J, J, will depend on the position of the cone. As this is
drawn out the pulley becomes less, the segments advancing towards the centre;
the cone is pushed in the pulley increases, the segments receding. from
and as

page_text: the centre.
The space through which the cone moves. backwards. and
forwards, and the consequent variation in size of the pulley, is determined by
the filling of the bobbins, the course or direction of the motion of the cone and
segments changing whenever the bobbins are full or empty, so that the yarn or
thread may always experience the same tension. I, Figures 1 and 2, iron
fork or bar connected in any manner with the cone I, and furnished with a
rack, acted on by the pinion I", which receives its motion from the wheel K.
The wheel K is put in motion by a pinion attached on K.. K³ is put in
motion by a pinion attached to the pulley K", which receives its movement
from a strap passing upon K" and K. 1, 2, 3, 4, Figure 2, straps marked
by lines, each of them passing underneath the pulleys L', the conductor tubes
of the bobbin, and communicate to them the movement. Four straps, which
are not shewn in Figures 1 and 2, Drawing I., give the movement to the
spindles in the same manner as to the conductor tubes. These eight straps
are seen in Figure 3, Drawing II., and marked p. L", Figures 1 and 2, tin
pulleys for the purpose of compelling the straps to rub against the pulleys
L' and M", and consequently to make them turn. P, Figures 1 and 2, cast-
iron wheels, moveable on an axis, and receiving their movements from P¹ fixed
upon the comber I, I. Upon each of these wheels is fixed a toothed section,
which, alternately catching with the racks on L, produce the reciprocating
movement of the bobbins along the conductor. .P, Figures 1 and 2, pinions
varying according to the velocity or rate of motion which is to be given to the
alternate or reciprocating movement. L, Figures 1 and 2, racks giving the
reciprocating or alternate movements by means of knobs n (Figure 2). M,
Figures 1 and 2, iron pieces sliding by the framing on the bearers m. These
pieces are united by means of four flat pieces, the extremities of which are
seen. in m¹ (Figure 1). These pieces are placed to the grooves of the pulleys
which each bobbin carries, and cause them to advance or to recede upon the
conductor tubes. M', Figure 1, spinning spindles. M", Figure 1, brass or
tin pulleys fixed on every spindle. L', Figure 1 and 2, brass or iron pulleys
fixed on every conductor tube. M, Figures 1 and 2, the supports of the
spindles of the bobbins, and of the system of the pulleys L", for causing the
straps to rub against the pulleys L' and M". N, Figures 1 and 2, cast-iron
frames, which can be drawn back from the carding machine by their sliding
upon B, and allowing the bobbins, when full, to be replaced by empty ones.
These frames are united at N¹ with those of the machine. R, Figures
1 and 2, tin pulleys to compel the straps to ascend along the frames without
touching each other. S, Figure 2, rings, collars, or filletings of card teeth.
W, Figure 1, wooden frame upon which are placed the bobbins of patted wool

page_text: to be spun. Y, bobbin of sliver of patted wool. I have marked only one to
.prevent confusion, but the machine is adapted for forty-four such bobbins.
Note, the system of adjusting pulleys or pulleys of tension for causing the
straps to rub is not shewn in Figures 1 and 2, to avoid confusion. Figure 3,
Drawing II., is an horizontal section through the middle of the axis E", the
letters being the same as in Figures 1 and 2, Drawing I. It will be easy to
understand that Figure. Figure 4, Drawing II., represents a spindle of
natural size. A, steel spindle, the end of which has an eye corresponding with
the interior of the tube R. F, brass or iron conductor tube supporting the
bobbin. J, brass or tin bobbin sliding without turning on B (see the small
Figure on the right of Figure 4). L, brass or tin cylinder supporting the
tube R, and bearing the pulley I. E, brass or iron circular plate fixing L
upon A. R, brass, glass, or tin tube into which passes the thread to be
twisted, and to be wound upon J.. O, brass, or tin pulley fixed on F, and
giving it the motion. I, brass or iron pulley, or circular plate used as a
pulley, for the purpose of giving the motion to A. Figure 5, Drawing II.,
shews how the movements of the spindles and of the bobbins take place.
The straps p are seen passing between the adjusting or tension pullies L", and
the pulleys of the spindles or of the bobbins, and round the pulleys Rand E¹¹,
from which they receive their movement. They are kept equally tight by
_means of the tension pulleys Q, Q, Q, Q, moveable into the forks U, which
have a weight t above them.
SUMMARY OF THE SEVERAL MOVEMENTS OF THE MACHINE, AND OF THEIR
APPLICATION.
The machine is composed of the following movements:-First, the move-
ment of the drum feeders, retakers, and flier. The drum, conjointly with the
workers and retakers, cards the wool which is given to them by the feeders;
the flier detaches the wool from the drum as soon as it is carded'; 'after which
the drum presents it to the combers. These operations are performed as
follows: The pulley B¹, fixed on the same axis as the drum, and receiving its
motion from any convenient moving power, turns the drum. The pulley "B",
fixed also on the axis of the great drum A, communicates the movement to
the retakers A¹¹¹, to the flier A, and to the feeder D, by means of a strap
passing round the pulley A, fixed upon the flier A', the pulleys B¹¹, placeil
upon the retakers A"; and round the feeder D, and round a tension pulley
scen underneath B. That strap is shewn by a line. Second, the move-
ments of the feeders.-Their motions are obtained by pulleys D', fixed
upon the axis of the great drum A, giving the motion to the feeder D¹¹
by means of a strap passing round the pulleys D¹ and Q, which pulley

page_text: O is fixed upon.the.feeder D¹¹. The: feeders. D¹¹¹¹ are put. in motion; the
first. by a wheel fixed. on its axis, receiving its motion, from the pinion:O, which,
being fixed on the: same axis as the pulley N", receives its power by means of
a strap passing: round the-axis of the drum A, and round the pulley N¹¹;, and
the second-feeder catches with the other by means of two pinions fixed on each
of them. Third, movements of the workers.-These movements are obtained
by means of a. pinion, which puts in motion a wheel C, Figure 2, upon
which is fixed a. second: wheel. This one draws a chain, passing upon the
wheels' R',, fixed on. every worker. Fourth, movements of the combers.-These
are obtained. by means: of the pinion C', which gives the motion to the catch or
cog wheel C. That wheel carries another wheel C, which communicates
the movement to the comber IV by means of a chain, and of another wheel D
fixed upon. the axis of the comber. The pinion C¹ varies according to the
velocity which the combers are to receive. The comber, IV puts in motion
the three others: by means of pinions Z, Figure 2, Drawing I., fixed upon
and between every comber (these pinions serve to turn the combers in the
same way) These combers turn on themselves; lift up the wool from the drum
as soon as it is carded; they then unfold upon their surface small ribbons of
wool, which being introduced into the spindles receive the stretching given by
the winding-up bobbins, and the twisting given by the spindles; the thread,
being finished, is wound upon the bobbin which is drawing it. Fifth,
movement of the spindles.-These movements are given by the pulley E,
which is put in motion in a similar manner as the pulley B, that is to say,
that E receives its motion from a pulley fixed upon the same axis as the
pulley which moves the pulley B¹. The pulley E is set upon an axis which
carries the bevil wheel E. E¹ gives the movement to the axis E¹¹ by means
of another wheel E", set upon E. The pulley E, fixed upon E", is
surrounded by four straps, each of which, passing under a row of spindles, are
so disposed that they come to place themselves one close to the other upon the
pulley, and consequently communicate the movement to the spindles. Sixth,
movements of the bobbins.-These movenients are given in a manner
similar to those of the spindles, by means of four straps surrounding the
pulley F; but the velocity of the bobbins must be regulated as they become
loaded with thread, so that the winding up, may be always the same. I obtain
that object by compelling the cone to egress gradually from the pulley F", which,
according to what I have stated, is capable of diminishing or of increasing its
diameter. Seventh, the alternate or reciprocating movement.-This movement
is occasioned by means of two pinions placed on the extremities of the axis of
the comber I, I. These pinions give the movement to the wheels P, moveable
upon axes placed on each side of the machine. The object of this movement

page_text: is to make the bobbins travel upon the conductor tubes or bobbin bearers in
the direction of their axis, so that each part of the surface of the bobbin may
be presented to the end of the tube R from which the thread emerges.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I further declare that I do not claim as my part of
the said Invention the various separate and component parts of the machinery
herein-before described, except as herein-after mentioned, such separate and
component parts (except as next herein-after mentioned and claimed) being
long known and in constant use; nor do I claim or confine myself to any
particular dimensions, the scale which is annexed to the Drawings shewing
the relative proportion of parts which I have used and found to answer
extremely well in practice. But I claim as my Invention the spindle A,
(Figure 4, Drawing II.) the tube conductor or bobbin bearer F, and the
winding up bobbins J, whereby the substance to be spun is drawn from the-
comber and twisted and wound up uniformly about the centre of the radius of
rotation on a bobbin which keeps the yard or thread stretched in an uniform
state of tension.
And I claim generally as the Invention the combination and arrangement of
parts herein-before described, whereby the operations or processes of carding
and spinning may be performed by the same machinery, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre. Armand le Compte de Fon-
tainemoreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-one.
P. DE FON (L.B.) TAINEMOREAU.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid Pierre Armand le Compte de
Fontainemoreau came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that