Improvements in Gas and Oil Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 16th ec., 1896-Accepted, 6th Feb., 1897
Improvements in Gas and Oil Motors.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM LANCHESTER, of Cobley Hill, Alvechurch, in the
County of Worcester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the charging, exhausting and governing
arrangements of gas and oil motor engines.
The object of my invention is to provide a simpler valve arrangement than those
generally in use, so that the operation of exhausting and charging may be controlled
from the governor.
In carrying my invention into effect according to one modification as applied to
an oil motor working on the Otto cycle, I proceed as follows. Opening directly
into or communicating with the cylinder I place a main valve of the ordinary lift
type this valve being operated at the proper moment from a cam on a side shaft and
returned to its seat by a spring every revolution of the engine. The under portion
or eduction side of this valve leads to a short chamber having two valve seated
openings placed concentric with and opposite each other on either side of the
chamber. These two valve seated openings lead respectively one into the exhaust
pipe and the other by a suitable port or passage to the oil vapour and air supply.
A double seated lift valve is placed between these openings and it is made of
a suitable depth so that when it closes the opening leading to the air and vapour
supply, that leading to the exhaust pipe is left clear, and vice versa, a suitable lift
brings it against and closes the exhaust opening while leaving the passage free to
the vapour and air supply. This double seated lift valve is preferably operated by
a governor of the usual gas engine hit and miss type.
The operation of the hereinbefore described mechanism is as follows. The
engine piston makes a forward or suction stroke and during this time the main
valve is he'd open while the double seated valve is lifted so that the passage to the
exhaust pipe is closed while that to the vapour and air supply is open, a charge of
vapour and air being thus drawn into the cylinder; on the completion of the
suction stroke the main valve closes and the double seated valve closes on to the
vapour and air admission opening. The piston now makes its return stroke and
compresses the mixture firing it when compression is complete and then making a
forward or working stroke as usual in "Otto" cycle engines. The main valve now
opens, and a return or exhausting stroke is made.
When the engine is working at full load the double seated valve now crosses
over to close the exhaust aperture and the piston draws in a new charge of
combustible mixture to be in turn compressed and ignited. When a prearranged
speed is exceeded the governor gear causes the mechanism to miss operating the
double seated valve and the motor piston then draws back a charge of exhaust
gases from the exhaust pipe and a missed impulse results. An automatic or other
valve may be arranged on the exhaust pipe so that a certain amount of ventilation
takes place at each cut out to prevent condensation of exhaust products within the
motor cylinder.
To avoid back ignitions into the vapour and air supply pipe I sometimes place
in the port or passage leading from the vanoriser a series of thick gauze copper or

page_text: other metal screens, through which the vapour and air is drawn, or I may also draw
it through granulated copper.
One of the advantages of the herein before described arrangement of valve gear
is that the variation of temperature is less with a changing load than is the case
in "Otto" cycle engines as ordinarily constructed.
Dated this 10th day of ML 100
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, Loudon, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM LANCHESTER, of Cobley Hill, Alvechurch, in the
County of Worcester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the charging, exhausting and governing
arrangements of gas and oil motor engines.
The object of my invention is to provide a simpler valve arrangement than those
generally in use, so that the operation of exhausting and charging may be
controlled from the governor.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings.-
Figure 1 is a section showing my new valve arrangements in section, and
Figure 2 is a section of a double seated valve with a special seat.
In carrying my invention into effect according to one modification (see Figure 1)
as applied to an oil motor working on the Otto cycle, I proceed as follows.
Opening directly into or communicating with the cylinder I place a main valve A
of the ordinary lift type, this valve being operated at the proper moment from a
cam on a side shaft and returned to its seat by a spring every alternate revolution
of the engine. The under portion or eduction side of this valve leads to a short
chamber K having two valve seated openings C and D placed concentric with and
opposite each other on either side of the chamber K. These two valve seated
openings lead respectively one C into the exhaust pipe E, and the other D by a
suitable port or passage to G the oil vapour and air supply. A double seated lift
valve B is placed between these openings C and D, and it is made of a suitable
depth so that when it closes the opening leading to the air and vapour supply, that
leading to the exhaust pipe is left clear, and vice versa; a suitable lift brings
it against and closes the exhaust opening, while leaving the passage free to the
vapour and air supply. This double seated valve is preferably operated by a
governor of the usual gas engine hit and miss type.
The operation of the hereinbefore described mechanism is as follows. The
engine piston makes a forward or suction stroke, and during this time the main
valve A is held open while the double seated valve B is lifted so that the passage
to the exhaust pipe is closed while that to the vapour and air supply is open,
a charge of vapour and air being thus drawn into the cylinder by way of G and K;
on the completion of the suction stroke the main valve A closes, and the double
seated valve B closes on to the vapour aud air admission opening. The piston now
makes its return stroke, and compresses the mixture, firing it when compression
complete, and then making a forward or working stroke as usual in "Otto" cycle
engines. The main valve A now opens, and a return or exhausting stroke
is made.

page_text: When the engine is working at full load the double seated valve D now crosses
over to close the exhaust aperture, and the piston draws in a new charge of
combustible mixture to be in turn compressed and ignited. When a pre-arranged
speed is exceeded the governor gear causes the mechanism to miss operating the
double seated valve B, and the motor piston then draws back a charge of exhaust
gases from the exhaust pipe E and a missed impulse results. An automatic or
other valve as F may be arranged on the exhaust pipe so that a certain amount of
ventilation takes place at each cut out to prevent condensation of exhaust products
within the motor cylinder.
To avoid back ignitions into the vapour and air supply pipe I sometimes place
in the port or passage G leading from the vaporiser a series of thick gauze copper
or other metal screens as H, through which the vapour and air is drawn or I may
also draw it through granulated copper.
One of the advantages of the herein before described arrangement of valve gear
is that the variation of temperature is less with a changing load than is the case in
"Otto" cycle engines as ordinarily constructed.
At Figure 21 show in section a double seated valve B in which the lower seat is
provided with holes opening into an annular channel I. The channel 1 is supplied
with gas or vapour through the passage J, and thus an effective mixture is
obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The method of governing gas or oil motor engines in which a chamber
communicating with the motor cylinder is alternatively put in communication with
the exhaust pipe or feed passage or passages during the suction stroke, according
as the speed of the motor is above or below that required substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. In gas or oil motor engines a main valve opening from an intermediate
chamber into the motor cylinder in combination with a two way valve and suitable
valve gear arranged and operating substantially in the manner herein before set
forth.
Dated thi 15th 1
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.