IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOCK LOCKS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bate, of the Firm of James Bate and Co., of.
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Wood Turners and Lock Manu-.
facturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
STOCK LOCKS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bate at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1877.
JAMES BATE, of the Firm of James Bate and Co., of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Wood Turners and Lock Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF STOCK LOCKS."
This Invention relates to improvements whereby hand labor in the manufacture
of stock locks is largely superseded by mechanism, parts of the locks being also made
of a novel shape.
The blocks of wood to formn the stocks of the locks are cut into suitable lengths
for the locks, and are then passed through a planing machine, and the back, front,
top, and bottom of each block are planed to the required size. The ends are then
planed and squared by means of a revolving saw plane.
In the case of mortise locks, the mortise and the fore end are formed semicircular
at top and bottom, and the mortise is cut out by traversing the block under a
revolving cutter of the same diameter as the width of the mortise. As the block is
traversed backwards and forwards under the tool the mortise is thoroughly cleaned
out at the end, and it is unnecessary to drill a transverse hole, as is usually done.
The fore end is "let in" by traversing the block under a revolving tool of a diameter
to fit the semicircular ends of the rebate.
The mortise may be cut out and the fore end "let in" at one operation by using
a tool having two different diameters to suit the mortise and the fore end.
The corners of the rebate for the fore end may be made practically square by

page_text: using a small revolving tool to cut the rebate, in which case the tool cuts first along
one side of the rebate, then along one end, and then along the other side and end.
The edges of the metal plate carrying the mechanism of the lock are curved to the
semicircular part of the mortise. The mechanism of the lock is arranged more
compactly than is usual, and the keyhole is cut clear of the semicircular part of the
mortise, either by traversing the block under a revolving tool, or by means of a
press tool before, the mortise is formed. By this compact arrangement of the
mechanism no part of the semicircle is cut out for the bolt.
"
In the case of plate locks the housing is semicircular at the back end, or has the
corners rounded. When the former, the housing is cut out and the plate "let in
at one operation by traversing the block under a revolving tool having its lesser
diameter the width of the housing, and its greater diameter the width of the plate;
when the latter, the housing is cut out and the plate "let in " at one operation by
traversing the block under a revolving tool having its lesser diameter so as to fit
the rounded corners of the housing, and its greater diameter so as to fit the rounded
corners of the rebate, the block in this case being made to pass under the tool, so
that the tool cuts first along one side of the housing, then along the end, and then
down the other side, instead of cutting in one straight course only.
The fore end has the back corners either rounded or square. When the former, it
is "let in" by traversing the block under a revolving tool of a diameter to fit the
rounded corners; when the latter, it is "let in " by means of a mortising cutter.
The mechanism of the lock is arranged more compactly than is usual, and the
keyhole is cut entirely out of the back of the stock, and not partly out of the
side of the housing, as is usually done. The keyhole is cut out in the same manner
as before described for the keyhole of a mortise lock. By this compact arrangement
of the mechanism no hole is required in the side of the housing for the bolt. When
a hole at the back of a long bolt is needed, it is cut out by means of a rotary
cutter.
The blocks may either be traversed under the tools, as aforesaid, or the tools may
be traversed over the blocks, or the blocks and tools may be in any convenient
position, either horizontal or otherwise.
The traversing is effected and the tools are formed similarly as for analogous
purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Bate in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd February
1878.
JAMES BATE, of the Firm of James Bate and Co., of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Wood Turners and Lock Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF STOCK LOCKS."
This Invention relates to improvements whereby hand labor in the manufacture
of stock locks is largely superseded by mechanism, parts of the locks being also made
of a novel shape and construction.
The blocks of wood to form the stocks of the locks are cut into suitable lengths
for the locks, and are then passed through a planing machine, and the back, front,
top, and bottom of each block are planed to the required size. The ends are then
planed and squared by means of a revolving saw plane.
In the case of mortise locks, the mortise and the fore end are formed semicircular
at the top and bottom, and the mortise is cut out by traversing the block under a
revolving cutter of the same diameter as the width of the mortise. As the block is
traversed backwards and forwards under the tool the mortise is thoroughly cleaned
out at the end, and it is unnecessary to drill a transverse hole, as is usually done.
The fore end is "let in" by traversing the block under a revolving tool of a diameter
to fit the semicircular ends of the rebate.
The mortise may be cut out and the fore end "let in" at one operation by using
a tool having two different diameters to suit the mortise and the fore end.
The corners of the rebate for the fore end may be made practically square by
using a small revolving tool to cut the rebate, in which case the tool cuts first
along one side of the rebate, then along one end, and then along the other side
and end.
The edges of the metal plate carrying the mechanism of the lock are curved to
the semicircular parts of the mortise, thus strengthening the plate. The mechanisin
of the lock consists of an adaptation of the "tumbler "lock or of the "lever". lock,
and the parts are so arranged that the keyhole is cut clear of the semicircular part
of the mortise. The keyhole is cut either by traversing the block under a revolving
tool, or by means of a press tool. By using the adaptation of mechanism described
no part of the semicircle is cut out for the bolt.
In the case of plate locks the housing is formed semicircular at the back end, or
has the corners rounded. When the former, the housing may be cut out and the
plate "let in" at one operation by traversing the block. under a revolving tool
having its lesser diameter the width of the housing, and its greater diameter the
width of the plate; when the latter, the housing may be cut out and the plate "let
in" at one operation by traversing the block under a revolving tool having its lesser
diameter so as to fit the rounded corners of the housing, and its greater diameter
so as to fit the rounded corners of the rebate, the block in this case being made to
pass under the tool, so that the tool cuts first along one side of the housing, then
along the end, and then down the other side, instead of cutting in one straight
course only; or the plate may be "let in" by means of a separate revolving tool.
The fore end has the back corners either rounded or square. When the former,
it is "let in" by traversing the block under a revolving tool of a diameter to fit
the rounded corners; when the latter, it is " let in "by means of a mortising
cutter.
The mechanism of the lock consists of an adaptation of the "tumbler" lock or of
the "lever" lock, and the parts are so arranged that the keyhole is cut entirely out
of the back of the stock, and not partly out of the side of the housing. The keyhole
is cut out in the same manner as before described for the keyhole of a mortise lock.
By using the adaptation of mechanism described no hole is required in the side of
the housing for the bolt.

page_text: The blocks may either be traversed under the tools, as aforesaid, or the tools may
be traversed over the blocks, or the blocks and tools may be in any convenient
position, either horizontal or otherwise.
The traversing is effected and the tools are formed similarly as for analogous
purposes, and will be readily understood by a wood-working machinist.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will now proceed more
particularly to describe the manner of performing the same with reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
The traversing is effected and the tools are formed Bimmarly as for analogous
purposes, and will be readily understood by a wood-working machinist.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will now proceed more
particularly to describe the manner of performing the same with reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
"
The Drawings are shewn full size. The same letters occurring upon different
views indicate corresponding parts.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a mortise lock constructed according to my
said Invention. A is the wooden stock; B, the plate carrying the mechanism. The
mechanism is an adaptation of the "lever" lock, and will readily be understood by
a competent locksmith. The cap is removed so as more clearly to shew the
mechanism, but is indicated by a dotted circumference.
Figure 2 is a front elevation shewing the plate B in section.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the entire lock.
The mortise D (see Figure 2) is cut out by a revolving tool of the diameter of the
semicircular ends thereof, and the rebate E, E, (see Figure 2) is cut out by a similar
tool of larger diameter. If both are to be cut out at one operation the sides of the
rebate E, E, must be wider, so as to allow of sufficient margin for the screws at each
end thereof, as in this case the rebate must be the same width throughout.
The top and bottom edges of the plate B are curved up, as shewn at Figure 2.
The keyhole is shewn in such a position as to be clear of the semicircular parts of 2
the mortise. The circular part of the keyhole is drilled through, as is usually done,
and the other part cut out by a revolving tool, the tools for which two purposes may
be made in one, in which case the smaller part projects below the larger, and after
the circular hole is drilled through, the tool is raised, and the smaller part cuts out
the remainder; or the keyhole may be cut out by a press tool after the circular
hole is drilled through, a die being placed inside the mortise to prevent the wood
from splintering.
One lever only is shewn in the mechanism of the lock, but more may be used if
desired.
An adaptation of a "tumbler" lock (as shewn on Sheet 2) may be used instead a
of the mechanism shewn.
Figure 4 is an elevation of a plate lock constructed according to my said Inven-
tion. F is the stock; G, the housing. The plate carrying the mechanism, and
which is "let into" the rebate H, H, H, is omitted so as the more clearly to shew
the mechanism. The mechanism is an adaptation of the "tumbler" lock, and will 4
readily be understood by a competent locksmith. The spring B' is connected to the
tumbler A¹, instead of bearing upon it in the ordinary manner.
Figure 5 is a front end elevation of the stock.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section through the entire lock.
The rebate H, H, H, and the housing G are cut out by a revolving tool having 4
two different diameters to suit the semicircular ends of the rebate and the housing
respectively. The rebate H, H, H, may, if desired, be cut out by a separate revolving
tool.
The fore end in the illustration being square, is "let in" by means of a mortising
cutter. When desired semicircular ended, it is "let in" by means of a revolving
tool, as before stated.
The keyhole is shewn clear of the side of the housing, and is cut entirely out of
the back of the stock, and not partly out of the side of the housing. The keyhole
may be cut out in the manner before described for the keyhole of a mortise lock.

page_text: By using the adaptation of mechanism shewn on Sheet 2, no hole is required in
the side of the housing for the bolt.
A similar adaptation of a "lever" lock (as shewn on Sheet 1) may be used
instead of the mechanism shewn.
Having now stated the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself to the exact details
described and shewn; but what I claim as my Invention, and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is,―
1st. The method of cutting out the mortise, and fore end rebate, and keyhole of
a mortise stock lock; and the plate, and fore end rebates, and keyhole of a plate
stock lock; and also the method of cutting out both the housing and rebate for the
plate of a plate stock lock at one operation, all in the manner herein-before
described.
2nd. Forming the edges of the metal plate for a mortise stock lock turned up at
the top and bottom, substantially as described and shewn.
3rd. The adaptation of the "lever "lock mechanism to mortise and plate stock
locks, substantially as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bate, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
HENRY CHILTON,
Clerk to Stephen Watkins,
Assoc. Inst. C.E.,
Office for Patents,
Wolverhampton.
JAMES BATE. (L.S.)