IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR
TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."- -A communication from abroad by
Pierre Motiron, of Lille, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd September 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer; do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
-

page_text: granted to Pierre Motiron, Pierre Huchard, and Achille Drouot, of
Paris.
The present Invention relates more particularly to the spinning part
of the former Invention. The first improvement consists in adapting to
the side arms of the flyer a double set of guide pullies, so that the yarn
or sliver to be operated upon may be passed to either side of the spinning
apparatus, in order that either a right or left-handed twist may be given
to the sliver as may be desired.
The next improvement relates to an improved arrangement of gearing
whereby the spindle may be driven in either direction, so that a right or
left-hand twist may be put in the yarn. To this end the driving gear
consists of a large bevil wheel with two smaller ones, one on each side of
the large one. These are mounted on the same shaft, and are capable of
being thrown in and out of gear with the large wheel, so that by
throwing one in gear with the large wheel the shaft will be driven in one
direction, or by throwing the other in gear the shaft will rotate in the
opposite direction.
The next improvement relates to the spring gauge or spring holder
through which the sliver passes from the feeding rollers to the spindle.
This spring gauge or holder is made open at the central part, so as to
allow the sliver to pass, while at the same time it will hold it back
sufficiently to cause the tension on the sliver to draw out any lumps or
thick places in the sliver.
The last improvement relates to a means of stopping the operations of
the spindle whenever the sliver or yarn breaks. This is effected by
causing the sliver as it is drawn from the can to the spring gauge to pass
through an eye at the end of a weighted rod, which will be suspended by
the yarn or sliver while the same is unbroken; but when a rupture takes
place, the weighted rod being no longer supported thereby will fall and
come into contact with an arm or lever connected with the belt shifter,
which will then throw the driven belt from the fast to the loose pulley,
and thereby stop the machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES," being a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Motiron,
of Lille, in the Republic of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
This Invention consists of various improvements upon an Invention ▸

page_text: eight hundred and seventy, No. 2313, were granted to Pierre Motiron,
Pierre Huchard, and Achille Drouot, of Paris.
The present Invention relates more particularly to the spinning part
of the former Invention, and consists of various improvements thereon.
The first improvement consists in so constructing, arranging, and
operating the various parts of the spinning mechanism that the yarn or
sliver to be operated upon may have either a right or left-handed twist
given to it, as may be desired.
The next improvement relates to the spring gauge or spring holder
through which the sliver passes from the feeding rollers to the spindle.
This spring gauge or holder consists of two parts or jaws, one of which
is stationary, and the other moveable, so that as the jaws are made to
open at the central part a space will be formed to allow the sliver to
pass into the holder, which at the same time will hold it back sufficiently
to cause the tension on the sliver to draw out any lumps or thick places
in the sliver, and straighten the fibres.
The last improvement relates to a means of stopping the operations of
the spinning mechanism automatically whenever the sliver or yarn
breaks. This is effected by causing the sliver as it is drawn from the
can to pass either through an eye or over a small pulley at the end of a
lever connected with a weighted rod, which will be held by the yarn or
sliver while the same is unbroken; but when a rupture takes place, the
weighted rod being no longer supported thereby will fall and come into
contact with an arm or lever connected with the belt shifter, which will
then throw the driver belt from the fast to the loose pulley, and thereby
stop the machine until the yarn is mended and the lever replaced in its
original position.
In the accompanying Drawings these several improvements are shewn
in detail.
T: 1 Chant T in a furnt alorretion of a machine in which they ne

page_text: In order that the present improvements may be more clearly under-
stood, and to avoid constant and unnecessary reference to the original
Invention, I will proceed to describe the operation of spinning with
the improved apparatus, and to explain the manner in which the novel
parts act.
The bobbin a, on which the spun yarn when properly twisted is wound,
is divided into four or more compartments by circular horizontal metal
discs a', as shewn best in the enlarged view, Fig. 3. It is placed on the
spindle b, Figures 1 and 2, and shewn by dots in Fig. 3, and rests on a
box c, Figures 3, 4, and 5, on the top of a sleeve c¹ through which the
spindle b passes. This box c is surrounded by a spring break d, which
will be hereafter more fully described, and is formed of two parts, as will
be seen on referring to the sectional view, Fig. 5. The upper half of the
box c is provided with three or more pins which enter into corresponding
holes at the bottom of the bobbin, so that as the box c rotates it carries
round with it the bobbin a. As, however, the box is divided into two
parts, the lower one, being fixed on the spindle b, may rotate without
necessarily carrying round the upper half of the box and the bobbin
with it. In order, however, that the bobbin may be rotated so as to
wind on the spun yarn, the two parts of the box c are connected by the
jointed spring break d which is hinged at d to the lower half of the
box c and revolves with it. The spring bolt d' draws the two halves of
the break together, and by clasping the upper half of the box c will drag
it round, but at the same time admit of its slipping, the amount of slip
being regulated by the tension put on the yarn by the spring bolt d³.
It will be seen on reference to Fig. 2 that the sliver from the can A is
conducted up a trough or guide to the spring gauge B, the construction
of which will be hereafter explained. From thence it passes down to a
guide pulley 1 on the top of the flyer seen best in the enlarged view,
Fig. 3, and over a second pulley 2 at the top of one of the side arms of
the flyer f, and under a third pulley 3, from which it passes round the
sleeve c¹ of the box c, and over a pulley 4 mounted on the top of a short
standard fixed on the cross frame of the flyer, again round the sleeve c
to a pulley 5 on the vertical side arm of the flyer, thence to a guide
pulley 6, over which it passes to the lower compartment of the bobbin a.
When this compartment of the bobbin is full, the yarn will be transferred
from the guide pulley 6 to the pulley 7, and so on over 8 and 9 until all

page_text: the compartments of the bobbin are full. When this is the case the
bobbin may be removed from the machine by turning up the hinged
cross bar f¹ of the flyer, and lifting the bobbin off the spindle..
In order to draw the yarn with uniform regularity from the flyer the
sleeve c¹ is grooved vertically at opposite sides to receive two sliding
pieces g, g, which are each provided with two projecting fingers g³ and
with studs g³, which bear against the under side of a circular cam
plate h. The sleeve c¹ is provided with two annular plates e, e, against
the under sides of which the projecting fingers g¹, g¹, of the vertical
sliding pieces g are pressed by the coiled springs i, i.
A differential motion being given by the driving gear to the spindle
and flyer f, the former will cause the studs g³ of the sliding pieces g to
travel over the face of the cam plate h, and thereby raise and lower the
fingers g¹, and thus cause the latter to alternately nip and release the
yarn, and draw it from the flyer in short lengths in an uniform and
regular manner.
In order that either a right or left-handed twist, as may be desired,
may be given to the yarn, the flyer is provided with a second set of guide
pulleys corresponding to those just described and marked 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7, &c. The central pulley 1 is mounted in a slot in the hinged bar f¹
of the flyer, and may be adjusted therein as may be required.
The mechanism whereby the differential motion in either direction is
imparted to the spindle and flyer will be best seen and understood by
reference to Figures 1 and 2, in which j is the main driving shaft on
which are mounted a series of band wheels j¹ which communicate motion
by means of belts to the fast and loose pullies k, k, on the counter
shafts k¹. On one end of each of these countershafts is a bevil wheel k³
which gears into and drives one or other of the bevil pinions 1, 1, on the
cross shaft 1. On one end of this shaft is mounted a large bevil
wheel which gears into and drives a bevil pinion f on the lower end
of the sleeve f*, and consequently communicates rotary motion to the
flyer and its accessories. On the other end of the shaft is a toothed
pinion which gears into an intermediate wheel m, and through it drives
a pinion m¹ on the second cross shaft m³. At the opposite end of this
shaft is another large bevil wheel m³ which gears into and drives a
pinion on the spindle b. The pinion m¹ being of smaller size than the

page_text: pinion it follows that the shaft m² will be driven at greater speed, and
consequently the differential motion necessary to draw and wind the
yarn on to the bobbin will be obtained.
It will be obvious that the direction of rotation of the parts of the
spinning mechanism will depend upon which of the two bevil pinions l, l,
is in gear with the bevil wheel on the countershaft k¹, and therefore
a right or left-handed twist may be given to the yarn, as may be desired,
by merely shifting the position of the bevil pinions 1, 1.
In order to produce a perfectly round and homogeneous yarn with an
uniform twist, it is necessary to pass the sliver through a gauge or clip
which will hold it, and allow the drag on the yarn to draw out the fibres
longitudinally, and thereby straighten them, and supply them in a
regular manner to the twisting mechanism. This object is effected by
means of the spring gauge or clip B, which is shewn detached and drawn
upon an enlarged scale at Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10. Fig. 7 is a side view,
and Fig. 8, a plan view of the gauge and holder complete; Fig. 9 is a
side view, and Fig. 10, a plan view of the two jaws of the gauge taken
out of the holder and separated.
It will be seen that the gauge consists of two parts, one of which is
stationary in the holder, while the other is kept up to its work by the
pressure of a spring at the back, but is capable of yielding so as to allow
a lumpy part of the sliver to enter the holder and be held there while
the fibres of such part are being drawn out and straightened. The
sliver will, as it becomes reduced in bulk, gradually pass out of the
holder, and the thickness of the yarn will thus be gauged and made more
uniform. The two jaws of the spring gauge or holder are formed of a
series of interlocking plates, each pair of which will form a holder, and
will hold or retain the sliver until it is drawn down to the proper
gauge..
The last improvement relates to a means of stopping automatically the
spinning or twisting mechanism of each particular yarn should such
yarn break.
The means whereby this is effected are shewn at Figures 1
and 2, and also drawn on an enlarged scale at Figures 11, 12, and 13.
The sliver or yarn o before reaching the spinning mechanism bears
against a pulley p at the end of the lever q which turns on a pivot at q¹
fixed to the frame of the machine, and is connected by a cord (which

page_text: passes over a guide pulley r¹) to a rod or long weight s¹ contained in the
tube 8, as indicated by dots in Figures 11 and 12; so long as the yarn or
sliver is unbroken the pulley p will be held back thereby, and the rod or
long weight &¹ in the tubes will be drawn up and retained within the
tube; but should the yarn break and fail to support the pulley p in the
position shewn in Figures 1 and 2, the latter will fall back and allow the
rod or long weight s¹ in the tubes to descend therein and project beyond
the lower end, as shewn in Figures 11 and 12. This rod will thus come
into the path of a bar or flyer t, which is keyed on to the shaft k², and
consequently rotates therewith.
0
When the bart strikes the end of the long weight & in the tubes the
latter will be rocked on its centre of motion, which is a rocking shaft u.
Keyed on to this shaft is the belt shifter and hand lever o¹ for working
the same, and when it is required to keep the spinning mechanism in
action the belt shifter is held in position by means of a notch w¹ on
the bar w, shewn detached in plan at Fig. 13.
It will therefore be seen that when the bart strikes the projecting end
of the weight and causes the tubes and shaft u to rock, the belt
shifter will be lifted out of the notch w¹, and the shaft w will be shogged
laterally in the direction of the arrow by means of the spring w², and
thereby shift the driving band from the fast to the loose pulley.
When the broken yarn has been repaired, and it becomes necessary to
set the mechanism in motion again, this is effected by means of the hand
lever which turns on the stud 10 fixed on the framework of the
machine.
Whenever it be required to stop any particular spindle or section of
the spinning mechanism otherwise than automatically this may be done
by raising the hand lever v³ which will lift the belt shifter out of the
notch w of the fixed bar w.
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
The improved construction, arrangement, and operation of the spinning
mechanism herein shewn and described, whereby either a right or left-
banded twist may be given to the yarn, as may be desired.

page_text: I further claim the use of a spring gauge or holder, such as that shewn
in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, whereby the fibres in the lumpy parts of the
yarn or sliver may be drawn out, straightened, and laid parallel in the
yarn, as herein set forth.
Lastly, I claim the means herein set forth of automatically stopping
any section of the spinning mechanism on the breakage of the yarn or
sliver belonging to such section.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.