IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- D
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hugo, of Celle, in the Kingdom of Hanover,
and Albert Domeier, of No. 4, St. Benet's Place, Gracechurch Street, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
D"
Sealed the 6th December 1864, and dated the 10th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hugo and Albert
Domeier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th June 1864.
We, WILLIAM HUGO, of Celle, in the Kingdom of Hanover, and ALBERT
DOMEIER, of No. 4, St.. Benet's Place, Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols. For these purposes the ribs are constructed of a
peculiar form or section of metal (usually steel) so that greater strength or
stability may be obtained with a given weight of metal as compared with ribs
of other sections of metal. The metal ribs are produced by drawing through
dies, or by rolling with grooved rollers, or by a combination of these processes,
and the form to which they are made is such as to give a considerable breadth
of surface for the fabric to rest on, the rib being fat or nearly so at this part,
whilst at the back or under side of each rib, and in the middle thereof, there is

page_text: formed a longitudinal web. It is preferred that this longitudinal web should
be formed by bending the metal of which the rib is made in the middle of its
width, so that the web may be twice the thickness of the parts which come
against and support the fabric; this is not, however, essential, as the web may
be made solid with the other parts. The ends of each rib are flattened so as
to render them suitable for being fixed to the top notch and to the fabric; the
outer end where the fabric is fastened has an eye and also a knob or enlarge-
ment fixed by shutting them in the folded parts of the metal.
The stretchers of umbrellas and parasols also are according to this Inven-
tion made of the same section and in a similar manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Hugo and Albert Domeier in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HUGO, of Celle, in the Kingdom of Hanover, and ALBERT DOMEIER, of No. 4,
St. Benet's Place, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Hugo and Albert Domeier, Her special licence that we, the
said William Hugo and Albert Domeier, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Hugo and Albert Domeier,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC
TURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said William Hugo and Albert Domeier, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert Domeier, on behalf of myself
and the said William Hugo, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols. For these purposes the ribs are constructed of a
peculiar form or section of metal (usually steel) so that greater strength or
stability may be obtained with a given weight of metal as compared with ribs
of other sections of metal. The metal ribs are produced by drawing through
dies, or by rolling with grooved rollers, or by a combination of these processes;
and the form to which they are made is such as to give a considerable breadth
of surface for the fabric to rest on, the rib being flat or nearly so at this part,
whilst at the back or under side of each rib, and in the middle thereof, there is
formed a longitudinal web. It is preferred that this longitudinal web should
be formed by bending the metal of which the rib is made in the middle of its
width, so that the web may be twice the thickness of the parts which come
against and support the fabric; this is not, however, essential, as the web may
be made solid with the other parts. The ends of each rib are flattened so as
to render them suitable for being fixed to the top notch and to the fabric; the
outer end, where the fabric is fastened, has an eye and also a knob or enlarge-
ment fixed by shutting them in the folded parts of the metal.
The stretchers of umbrellas and parasols also are, according to this Invention,
made of the same section and in a similar manner.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side view of a rib suitable for an umbrella or parasol
constructed according to the Invention, having a cylindrical stretcher applied
thereto, but the stretchers may be made of similar section to the ribs; or the
ribs formed according to the Invention may be used with other forms of
stretchers. Figure 2 is a plan of the rib, shewing the outer or upper surface
thereof. Figure 3 shews a transverse section of the rib, by which it will be
seen that at the central part a longitudinal web is formed twice the thickness
of the parts which support the fabric. And it will further be seen that the rib
is formed of a narrow thin plate of steel, the central parts of which are bent
and come together, or nearly so, to form the longitudinal web, whilst the parts
vear the edges are bent outwards, and slightly bent or curved downwards;
D

page_text: this mode of forming the ribs is what is preferred, but in place thereof, ribs of
similar section may be made, having solid central webs. One of the ends is
flattened, as shown, to fit into the "top notch," and the other has an eye fixed
by being shut between the two parts of the web, or a suitable eye may be
otherwise formed or applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Domeier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
ALBERT DOMEIER. (L.S.)