matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND REDUCING TO IMPALPABLE POWDER BARYTA, CocoA, REFINED SUGAR, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, BOTH VEGETABLE AND MINERAL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1873.
I, FREDERIC COLE, of No. 24, Victoria Park Road, South Hackney, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND REDUCING TO
IMPALPABLE POWDER BARYTA, CocoA, REFINED SUGAR, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES,
BOTH VEGETABLE AND MINERAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved machine in which I use iron
rollers fixed in an iron frame, furnished with knives and scrapers to
clear each roller as it revolves, as well as the iron bed over which the
rollers pass in crushing the substance operated upon; when this is
sufficiently crushed a shovel is lowered by the action of a set screw to
clear the bed in order to receive a fresh supply. This frame is worked
backwards and forwards by chains by means of a hand wheel placed at
the end of another iron frame over which the above travels. I propose

page_text: however to adapt my machine so as to use steam and water as well as
hand power in working the same. The iron bed lays level on a wooden
bed, and weights used for increasing the crushing power of the rollers
are placed over the said rollers and carried in a box over the first-
mentioned frame as before stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETTING AND PUNCHING MACHINERY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Platt and Ralph Hart
Tweddoll at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st June 1873.
We, JAMES PLATT, Engineer, of the Atlas Iron Works, Gloucester,
and RALPH HART TWEDDELL, of 10, Bury Street, Saint James', in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVETTING AND PUNCHING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of modifications and improvements of the
Patent granted to Ralph Hart Tweddell, 12th December, No. 3358, A.D.
1871, entitled "Rivetting or Punching Metal," and has for its object the
more direct application of the pressure on the ram to the rivet or punch,
and the rivetting or punching of those parts of structures which cannot
so conveniently and accurately be done by the horns or arms of the
former Patent.

page_text: We propose to accomplish this by having two or more beams, through
which are a number of parallel holes, and two or more tie rods, which will
fit any of them. The cylinder and abutment can also be fitted to the
beams at any of these holes, thus enabling us to vary the distance apart
of the beams, and alter the depth of opening or gap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALANCES OR WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Paddison at the Office
+
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1873.
I, HOWARD PADDISON, of 57, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BALANCES OR WEIGHING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrange-
ments of balances or weighing machines suitable for weighing articles
or goods of every description from the smallest to the heaviest weights,
whereby simplicity of construction and increased durability are com-
bined with accuracy of action and with a ready indication of the weight
of the articles or goods weighed.
In my improved balance or weighing machine all springs of every
description are dispensed with.
According to one mode of carrying out my said Invention applicable
to light weights such as letters and goods sold in retail, I mount the

page_text: scale for holding the article or goods to be weighed upon the upper
end of a vertical rod or bar guided in its ascent and descent by a fixed
guiding bracket formed on the main standard or support of the
machine. The lower end of this rod or bar is connected by a knife-
edged or other suitable pivot or centre with the upper part of a
weighted lever, which is suspended by knife-edged or other pivots or
centres to the main standard. The lower end of this weighted lever
forms a pointer for indicating on a divided quadrant the weight of the
article or goods in the scale, as their gravity will by pressing down the
vertical supporting rod or bar cause the weighted lever to assume a
position approaching more or less to the horizontal. By making the
pivot or centre to which the lower end of the vertical rod or bar is
connected adjustable towards or from the fixed centres of the weighted
lever (or vice versa), an accurate means of adjustment will be
obtained.
If desired the divisions indicating the different weights may be
marked on the vertical rod or bar in lieu of on a separate quadrant.
According to another modification the vertical rod or bar may be
maintained in its upright position by being connected to the main
standard by a jointed link or links situate some distance above the point
of connection with the weighted lever, thus obtaining moreover a
parallel motion of the said rod or bar.
As applied to the heavier class of weighing machines suitable for
weighing carts and other loaded vehicles, the lower end of the suspended
weighted lever may be connected by a rod to a separate indicating lover
or pointer situate at any convenient distance from the machine or in any,
convenient position in reference thereto, such indicating lever showing
on a divided dial or other surface the weight of the load on the platform
of the machine.
In this class of machine two or more weighted levers, may be com-
bined with the platform, but one only need communicate with thei
indinstan
:
AN IMPROVED CRAVAT PROVIDED WITH A TUBULAR GUIDE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Marix Picard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1873.
I, EDMOND MARIX PICARD, of the Firm Marix Picard, Frères, of Rue
d'Aboukir, 60, at Paris, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CRAVAT PROVIDED WITH A TUBULAR GUIDE,"
to be as follows:-
The various modes which have hitherto been adopted for fastening
cravats or made up neckties, whether by levers or spring buttons, have
the great defect that they rapidly wear out the lower or free end which
passes through them. The reason of this is that the loose or free end is
not guided in its movement, during either the fastening or unfastening
of the cravat, and it is therefore pulled into a false position, and soon
becomes torn or frayed. Now the present Invention is intended to
overcome this defect, and it consists in prolonging the plate of the
fastening device in the form of a sheath or tubular guide, which truly
guides the lower or free end of the cravat through the said device both
in fastening and in loosening the cravat. The tearing or fraying caused
by the false position of the free end in the fastening device, as above

page_text: alluded to, is thus avoided. The sheath or tubular guide is made
cylindrical, conical, or other form in accordance with the kind of cravat
or necktie to which it is applied.
For a made-up bow where the free or loose end which passes through
the fastening is not one of the apparent ends of the tie, the sheath or 5
guide should be flat and have parallel sides.
For a made-up "sailor's knot," it should be conical.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BURNISHING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1873.-A communication from abroad by George P.
Critcherson, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," South-
ampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BURNISHING
PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," a communication, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a machine or
apparatus for burnishing photographic carte de visites and other pictures,
thereby. imparting to such pictures a brilliancy of appearance and depth
of tone unattainable by other processes.
This object is effected by the combination of a burnishing bar made
of steel or other suitable material, and heated by a spirit lamp, gas jet, or
otherwise, and a pressure roller, the carte de visite or other picture being
placed upon the said burnishing bar and between the same and the
roller, and moved by the latter to and fro over the said bar. Upon a
stand or frame of cast-iron or other suitable material I mount a plate of

page_text: any suitable metal. Over this plate I place the aforesaid burnishing
bar which may be made of steel or other metal or of any other suitable
material. The top surface of said bar must be perfectly smooth and
polished and must always be kept clean. Below the aforesaid plate I
place a gas jet or spirit lamp or other means for heating the burnishing
bar, this bar and the picturo being burnished will be protected by the
said plate from any smoke or vapor arising from the lamp.or heater._
་་
Above the burnishing bar. I place the pressure roller whereby tho
picture is moved to and fro over the said bar. This roller is mounted on
a shaft which is provided with a suitable hand wheel or handle, whereby
the shaft and roller may be readily operated. The surface of the said
roller is roughened so that it will not slip over the back of the picture
without moving the same. The said shaft is supported in bearings
which are adjustable vertically and are provided with set screws and
springs, or other means whereby the roller may be caused to exert any:
'desired pressure upon the back of the picture as the same is moved to
and fro by means of the aforesaid roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER SUB- STANCES FROM DECAY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Austin Plunkett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th May 1873.
I, ROBERT AUSTIN PLUNKETT, of Warren Point, in the County of
Down, Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER SUB-
STANCES FROM DECAY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the preservation of the surfaces of
stone, wood, brickwork, or other substance from decay; also the pre-
vention of dry rot, and the action of worms or insects in timber, the
For these pur-
protection of railway sleepers and other similar uses.
poses my Invention consists in applying to such surfaces a solution of
alum.
The solution is to be applied to the required surface in a heated state,
and is, by preference, prepared in the proportion of about one pound
of alum to one gallon of water, but these proportions may be varied if
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hodgson, and Thomas
Hodgson, junior, and Jonathan Stephenson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th May
1873.
WC, THOMAS HODGSON, of Shipley, in the County of York, Oat Cake
Maker, and THOMAS HODGSON, junior, of the same place, Weaver, and
JONATHAN STEPHENSON, of Windhill Idle, in the County aforesaid,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of shuttle pins or
"skewers" in such manner as to reduce the strain or tension, and so
prevent the breakage, and waste of the weft when being unwound
therefrom during the process of weaving, and for securing such pins or
"skewers" within the said shuttles.
When the cop, spool, or tube containing the weft is placed on the
shuttle pin or "skewer" we affix to the end or point thereof a head or
enlargement of form (by preference) similar to a shuttle tip, and on

page_text: which the weft bears on its passage from the cop, spool, or tube, to tho
eye of the shuttle, and is thereby held clear of and above the end of tho
spool or tube on which (especially when a considerable part of the weft
was used) it was apt to catch, and be thereby broken and so wasted, or
the end of the spool or bobbin containing the weft may be enlarged for
purposes described. We introduco under the shuttle pin or "skewer
pin or plate on which the same rests, and is thereby supported in its true
position within the shuttle, when the ordinary spring has become
through usage too weak to be effective.
"
ab
When constructing new shuttles, we attach a plate thereto, having a 1
lug or projection thereon through which a pin is passed, and serving as
a fulcrum or hinge, on which the "skewer or pin works; a spring
attached to the said plate serves to hold the "skewer" or pin in position
within the shuttle.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Baynes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1873.
I, RICHARD BAYNES, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
.
The object of this Invention is to economize fuel by heating the feed
water to a temperature of (say) three hundred degrees or more before its
admission into the steam boiler, and the nature of the said Invention
consists principally in constructing the bridge of the furnace in the form
of a hollow metal chamber through which the water is forced on its way
to the boiler, and becomes thereby heated to the required degree.
Instead of constructing the bridge of the furnace of solid fire-brick as
usual, I make it in the form of a hollow cistern or vessel formed of cast
or wrought iron (the latter being preferred), and I force in the feed water
by a supply pipe at the lower part, connecting the upper part with the
boiler, so that the feed water as it becomes heated ascends into the
boiler, and the cold feed water is pumped or forced in continually from

page_text: the bottom to supply its place, and thus a constant circulation and
heating of the feed water takes place, whilst any steam that may be
formed in this hollow bridge immediately finds its way into the boiler.
There is also a return pipe leading from the boiler back again into the
hollow bridge, which pipe is provided with a tap or valve, so that when
the force pump is not working (for instance when the engine is stopped)
by opening this tap or valve the circulation still takes place. When
the engine is started this tap is closed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPECULA FOR SURGICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Paton Hawksley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1873.
I, THOMAS PATON HAWKSLEY, of No. 4, Blenheim Street, New Bond
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPECULA FOR SURGICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows: :-
This Invention for an improvement in the construction of specula for
surgical, clinical, and physiological purposes, consists in lining the inside
of such instruments or parts thereof with layers or plates of mica of any
lesired shape or thickness, silvered upon one side instead of glass or
gold and silver plate, or polished metal, whereby such instruments are
endered more capable of resisting the action of acids, alkalies, and
ther deleterious matters sometimes used in surgical operations. The
pecula thus lined with mica have the advantage of a greater reflecting
urface, and a more brilliant light is thereby thrown upon the interior of
he cavities of the body to be inspected, so that the operator can examine
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN A FURNACE USED THEREIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Gerhard and
Joseph Whitehouse Caddick at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th April 1873.
.
We, FREDERICK WILLIAM GERHARD, of Coseley, near Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, Metallurgical Chemist, and JOSEPH
WHITEHOUSE CADDICK, of Coseley, near Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN A
FURNACE USED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In a former specification of an Invention for "Improvements in the
Production of Iron and Steel," and for which Invention Letters Patent
were granted unto the said Frederick William Gerhard, and dated the
Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-two, he, the said Frederick William Gerhard,
claimed the production and use of a substance which he termed in the
said former Specification "iron coke." We now propose to add tap and
flue cinder to the list of ingredients composing the "iron coke," and
named in the said former Specification, and to use the said tap and flue
--
--
-

page_text: We claim also the entire use of iron scales and tap and flue cinder
mixed with carbonaceous material to be used in the production of
wrought iron and steel direct. The said materials when ground may
be compressed into cakes before being placed in the furnace. The
ingredients used when steel is to be produced must contain or be mixed
with the necessary equivalent of manganese.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE DAMPER ACTION IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1873

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Coxhead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1873.
I, CHARLES JAMES COXHEAD, of 22, Saint George's Terrace, Kilburn,
in the County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
THE DAMPER ACTION IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
-
"
The dampers of pianofortes with a vertical action have hitherto been
constructed either in the form of what is known as the "crank damper"
with which has been combined what is termed the "socket
or fixed
guide for the damper wire, or in the form of what is known as the
"attached damper" in which the "socket" is dispensed with.
In the case of the "crank damper" the damper action is produced by
the lifting of the body of the damper by means of a piece of wood on
the upper end of the damper wire and allowing it to fall, and in the case
of the "attached damper" the same action is produced by the wire
being passed through a hole in an arm at the back of the damper, and
having a button or collar above and below the said arm by means of

page_text: which the damper is directly acted upon by the damper wire so as to
remove it from the string and return it thereto on the rising and falling
of the wire.
Now my Invention has for its object the construction of a damper
with a means of acting upon it through the damper wire in such a
manner as to dispense with the need of a fixed "socket" for the wire to
pass through, and also to give freedom to the damper to return to the
string by the action of gravity alone after being removed therefrom by
the lifting power of the damper wire. For this purpose my Invention
consists in adapting and applying to the upper part of the damper wire
a button of wood or other suitable material, composed of a shaft
intended to pass through a bushed hole in a small projecting part of the
body of the damper, and a flange to press on the under side of the same,
the position of the button being adjusted as required by means of the
screw on the wire. By this arrangement the body of the damper is
lifted by the flange of the button on the rising of the wire and allowed
to fall by its own gravity, the bushed hole in the projecting part of the
said body passing down the shaft of the button which acts as a guide for
the same, and also serves to protect the bushing of the hole from the
friction of the screwed part of the wire.
My improved button may also be applied to a damper wire acting
horizontally on the damper, the shank of the button passing through a
bushed hole in the body of the damper. And when the damper wire is
worked by a bottom lever my improved button is screwed on to the
bottom of the damper wire and the shaft of the button passes through a
bushed hole in the said lever.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO OMNIBUSSES, TRAM CARS, OR SIMILAR VEHICLES TO REGISTER THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED, AND THE VARIOUS FARES PAID DURING A JOURNEY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Benjamin Starr at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd October 1873.
I, RICHARD BENJAMIN STARR, of Finsbury Square, in the County of
5 Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO OMNIBUSSES, TRAM CARS, OR SIMILAR
VEHICLES TO REGISTER THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED, AND THE VARIOUS
FARES PAID DURING A JOURNEY," to be as follows :—
In the registering apparatus described in the Specification of my
Letters Patent, No. 2079, 10th July 1872, the traversing cylinder has at
each end a spur wheel each gearing with a shrouded wheel on a counter-
shaft, whereby the traversing cylinder is moved longitudinally along its
shaft. I propose to modify this arrangement of mechanism so that the
traversing cylinder-may rotate with the shaft or traverse longitudinally
on said shaft, accordingly as it may be desired to make the marks-on-a-
long or a narrow-strip of paper or other material.
I dispense with spur wheel, shrouded wheel, and countershaft, sub-

page_text: .registering cylinder is placed another cylinder of about one-third tho
diameter of the registering cylinder in which is placed a treble or more
threaded scrow spring furnished at one end with a treble screwed nut
which travels with the same, causing a rotary or traversing motion
of the registering cylinder, as may be required. The handle acts on the
end of the scrow in the internal cylinder causing the cylinder to travel
rotatively or horizontally. A ratchet and paul serve to catch up the
inner cylinder. The paul on being lifted permits the return action of
the outer cylinder, and with the ratchet regulates its position.
The advantages of this arrangement are simplicity of construction, and
where a rotary motion is adopted a considerable saving of space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND SIMILAR WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Briggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd ·
October 1873.
I, THOMAS BRIGGS, of Major Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Tarpaulin Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND
SIMILAR WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in a preparation of yarn composed of jute or
of jute mixed with other fibrous substances to be used in the manu-
facture of carpets and similar woven fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR BREAKING STONE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Ord and Henry
Maddison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th October 1873.
We, JOHN ROBERT ORD and HENRY MADDISON, both of Darlington,
in the County of Durham, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED
FOR BREAKING STONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of that class of machinery
in which a moveable pendant jaw and a fixed jaw are employed for
breaking stone for road and other purposes, whereby such operation is
performed in a more simple and efficient manner than by the means
hitherto adopted.
According to this Invention the necessary motion and power for
crushing or breaking the stone are given to the moveable pendant jaw
by means of an elliptical or other eccentric, which works against the
rear surface of or in a suitable recess formed for its reception in the

page_text: moveable pendant jaw. The eccentric is mounted on a suitable shaft,
to which motion is given direct from the motive power.
By the above-mentioned arrangement the use of toggles, levers, and
other complicated appliances hitherto employed is obviated, whilst at
the same time greater power is given to the moveable pendant jaw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wass at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1878.
I, JAMES WASS, of Old Basford, in the County of Nottingham, Tailor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in connecting two framed trusses together
by a coupling pin, which is arranged so that when it is withdrawn each
truss is independent of the other, each truss is formed of angle iron
strengthened by crossed bars or ornamental panels of cast iron; one truss
is provided with a pair of eyes at its hinder end, and the other truss with
a pair of oyes at its front end; these eyes when placed together receive
the coupling pin before named. Each truss is provided with bearings
for the axles of a pair of wheels, each axle has two or more cranks, each
crank revolves in and carries a cap, to each of which a strap is secured,
the said straps have each a handle which are held and operated by the

page_text: passengers who sit on seats, two or more of which are carried by each
truss. The hinder end of the first truss carries a worm operated by
handles on its axle, the said worm gears into a racked segment carried
by the forward end of the second truss; by this apparatus the machinc is
guided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cox Gawler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1878.
I, JOHN Cox GAWLER, of the Tower of London, in the County of
Middlesex, Colonel in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COUPLING OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
י
Long carriages which appear to be coming. generally into use oscillate
less on a straight line than shorter ones. But there is considerable
danger incurred by their use when approaching, at high speed, curves
(however slight) and moving among sidings and cross lines, especially if
opposed by anything, as the slightly projecting end of a strained or
damaged switch. Owing to their greater momentum and rigid length,
they are under such circumstances more likely to maintain their direct
_course, and_run_over_the_line_than_to_yield-to-the-forces-which-would-
turn the shorter carriages in conformity with the rails. On the other
hand though manifestly better adapted than the long carriage to turn a
curve, and to conform with safety to all the movements of the carriage
preceding it, the short carriage oscillates more on the straight line than

page_text: the long one for the reasons that its shorter axis has more play between
the rails, and that the truc axis of any carriago can seldom coincide with
the apparent axis.
Now my Invention has for its object to increase the safety of railway
travelling, whether in long or short carriages and to reduce the wear and 5
tear of rails, wheels, and axles by so coupling or connecting together the
carriages in a train as to allow less sway to the carriages than is afforded
by the present system of single coupling, and thus obliging cach carriago
to conform more perfectly to the movements of the one preceding it.
For this purposo according to my Invention I couple the carriages 1
together by means of diagonal connexions, provided with screws and
nuts or adjusting appliances, and adapted to hook on or engage with
hooks or equivalent appliances fitted to the frames of the carriages
in such manner as to include between two points of traction at suitable
distances apart from each other horizontally the true axis or line running 1
lengthwise through the centre of gravity of each carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Harris, Robert Harris,
and William Love at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th April 1873.
We, PETER HARRIS, Engineer, ROBERT HARRIS, Plumber, and
WILLIAM LOVE, Engineer, all of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF MARINE
ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to apparatus of the kind with which the speed
of marine engines is regulated through the action of the variation of
relative level of the water outside the ship at or near where the
propeller works, and the object of the Invention is to render such
apparatus more effective and convenient although of a comparatively
reduced size. A pipe is fitted so that the water outside may com-
municate with the interior of a vessel placed inside the ship as near
the propeller as is conveniently possible, and this vessel is provided with
a diaphragm, piston, or float, which is connected to a valve fitted in a
small steam pipe taking its supply from the main steam pipe, the valve

page_text: when open leading by another pipe to the condenser. At a part of the
small steam pipe, in convenient proximity to the main throttle or
regulator valve of the engines, there is connected to it a cylinder having
in it a piston or diaphragm, or as is preferred, a plunger working
through a stuffing box, and this piston, diaphragm, or plunger is
connected to the throttle valve and is loaded by a series of accumulative
weights or by a weighted lever placed so as to act with an increasing
leverage as it is raised. When direct weights are used they are
supported in a graduated frame, in which they rest one after the other
as the piston descends, and from which they are lifted one after the
other as it rises.
The supply of steam to the small steam pipe is regulated by a stop
valve, and when the valve acted on by the external water is not opened
the full pressure takes effect on the weighted plunger or piston, making
it lift all the weights and keep the main throttle valve open, but when
from the elevation of the ship's stern or other cause the relative outside
water level near the propeller is lowered, the steam valve opens, and
by allowing some of the steam to pass to the condenser reduces the
effective pressure under the loaded plunger or piston, which descending
causes the throttle valve to be closed to a corresponding extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR WORKING SHIPS' YARDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Duncan Preston Cunning-
ham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th November 1873.
I, HENRY DUNCAN PRESTON CUNNINGHAM, of Bury House, Alver-
stoke, Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR WORKING SHIPS' YARDS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of improvements in means and appliances for
working the yards of ships, and refers particularly to yards which are
worked or moved round by continuous braces, that is, when the braco on
one side of the yard is continued round through pulleys or other devices
to the other side of the yard, and worked on what in nautical language
is called "the bight," by which the brace is drawn in on one side and
slacked out on the other according to my Patent of the 9th September
1864, No. 2203.
In the Specification of that Patent I described a machine of a winch-
like character for so working the brace, connected with which I provided
stoppers for fixing or securing the yard in the required position when
chain is used for the working or bight part of the brace. These stoppers

page_text: were formed with a notch which fitted over the vertical link of the
chain, but not allowing the horizontal link to pass so locked the
chain.
Now in practice it has been found that there are conditions in working
yards which render it desirable only to curb or retard the passage of
the brace without stopping it altogether.
My present Invention therefore consists in providing a stopper or
controller whereby the brace can be, if required, only retarded in its
passage. Outside of the fixing stopper with the notches before described
I apply another stopper without a notch and arranged with a lever
handle so as to be capable of being pressed down upon the brace
(whether it be of rope or chain), and so retard its passage, a provision
which will be an important improvement in working ships' yards. This
retarding stopper by enabling the rope to be sufficiently held or retarded
so as to allow of the part in rear of the stopper being secured round a
cleat also favors the use of rope for the braces. Then I propose to work
over a rope or V wheel with this improvement, that I apply a weight
wheel to ride over and on the rope laying in the groove of the rope or
V wheel, the effect of which will be to keep the rope in the nip of the
wheel by pressing it down into the groove of the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING REFUSE MATTER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND MANURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wadsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1873.
I, JAMES WADSWORTH, of the City of Manchester, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UTILIZING REFUSE MATTER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND MANURE," to
bo as follows:-
I take street sweepings, ashes, and cinders from cottages or dwelling-
houses, vegetable and animal refuse, carbonaceous refuse from gas
works such as the bitumenous coke after the gas has been extracted
from it, mud from sewage, settling beds, or from settling beds which
may be constructed at the sides of dirty rivers such as the Medlock or
Irk in this city. I separate the dust from the ashes by sieving them
over a current of air passing into a room where the dust is allowed to
settle, the rest I grind to a powder by suitable machinery, such as
mortar or sand mills, and I also grind the carbonaceous refuso from
gas works when necessary. These powders I mix with street sweepings
or with vegetable refuse from markets, and when necessary I add a

page_text: portion of clay to give a proper consistency, or I' mix street sweepings,
which contain by preference a large proportion of horse dung, with a
portion of clay separately or together with the mud herein-before
mentioned, the mixture being performed by machinery such as mortar
mills to a proper consistency so as to mould into convenient shapes for
burning as fuel; or I calcine the mixture in kilns or suitable furnaces.
The residue when burned or partially burned as fuel I crush to a powder
and use as an absorbent or deodoriser for mixing with human excrement,
which latter I propose to collect in boxes supplied to the privies, the
mixture being performed with mortar mills or any suitable mixing
apparatus, and when necessary moulded into suitable forms for drying,
either as bricks are dried or in any convenient manner, and finally
crushed so as to render it more easy of application to the land as
manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOADING HAY AND OTHER CROPS INTO WAGGONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whitehouse at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1873.
I, WILLIAM WHITEHOUSE, of Wootton, in the County of Bedford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR LOADING HAY AND OTHER CROPS INTO WAGGONS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to raise hay and other crops from off
the land and deposit them into wagons. For this purpose I employ an
endless band elevator in rear of a rake composed of parallel teeth which
rest upon the ground with their points slightly raised; the rakes collect
the crop from off the ground and as the crop passes to the rear of the
rake it is taken by the teeth of the endless band elevator and is by it
clevated and deposited into a shoot by which it is delivered into the cart
or wagon; the rake and elevating band are carried by a frame which at
its fore end is mounted on a pair of wheels from either or both of which
a revolving motion is given to the endless elevator. The rear end of
the frame is supported on a central castor wheel to facilitate its being
turned at the end of a field. The frame of the apparatus may by

page_text: suitable attachments be connected to the frame of the cart or wagon
into which the hay or other crop is to be loaded, and may be pulled
forward by the horses harnessed to the wagon, or the drawing forward
of the apparatus might be assisted by a horse harnassed to the side or
rear of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT, SEWAGE DEPOSIT, AND SUBSTANCES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF PART OF THE SAID MATERIALS AS FUEL, AND AS PARTS OF COMPOUNDS FOR METALLURGICAL OPERATIONS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Bodmer, of No. 23, The Grove, Ham-
mersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT, SEWAGE DEPOSIT, AND
SUBSTANCES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE, AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF PART OF THE SAID MATERIALS AS FUEL, AND AS PARTS OF
COMPOUNDS FOR METALLURGICAL OPERATIONS."
Sealed the 21st April 1874, and dated the 31st December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John James Bodmer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st December 1873.
I, JOHN JAMES BODMER, of No. 23, The Grove, Hammersmith, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT, SEWAGE
DEPOSIT, AND SUBSTANCES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE, AND

page_text: IN THE APPLICATION OF PART OF THE SAID MATERIALS AS FUEL, AND AS PARTS OF
COMPOUNDS FOR METALLURGICAL OPERATIONS," to be as follows :-
One part of my Invention relates to the means used for more perfectly
drying peat, sewage deposit, and other substances. For instance, in the
treatment of peat after it has been freed from the greater portion of its
water by any of the modes at present in use, or by the mode described in
the Specification of Patent, No. 2026, June 6th, A.D. 1873, I add to it
lime, cither caustic or slaked, or crushed chalk or limestone, caustic lime
being most effective for the purpose of drying. When sufficiently dried
the compounds, either with or without the addition of coal dust, coke
dust, or other heat generating materials, may be formed into bricks or
blocks to be used as fuel.
My improvements further relate to the use of lime dried peat as
described, and other of the above-named substances and their compounds
in the blast furnace.
The whole quantity of flux required may be added in the drying
process, and any convenient proportion of the charge of ore or oxides
wow he mixed and comnvassed with it
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Henry Weber and Jean
Roy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st October 1873.
We, JEAN HENRY WEBER and JEAN ROY, both of No. 128, Rue de la
Procession, Paris, in the Republic of France, Gentlemen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
-
This Invention consists in improvements on former Letters Patent
granted to us, and dated the Third day of February 1873, No. 400, the
improvements being also applicable to umbrellas of the ordinary con-
struction, and have for object to permit the closing or opening of the
umbrella, parasol, or sunshade by means of a sliding or turning move-
ment of the handle.
To carry out our improvements the stick of the umbrella is made
hollow, and is provided with two fixed runners, the upper one being the
ordinary notch to which the ribs are fixed, and the lower runner being
the one to which the ends of the stretchers are attached. Each stretcher
is jointed near the middle, and is formed hollow from this joint up to

page_text: the rib, and is formed solid from the joint to the lower runner fixed on
the stick. The hollow part of the stretcher serves to receive a rod or
needle which is free at the end, which enters the rod, and fixed at the
other end by a joint to a third or intermediate runner moveable on the
hollow stick of the umbrella. This runner is provided with two pins
fixed through a double notch made in the hollow stick of the umbrella
to a rod placed in the stick, and fixed at the bottom to the handle. By
drawing out the handle the central rod is drawn with it, thereby
lowering the moveable runner, driving the rod or needle into the hollow
stretcher, forcing it to rise by pivoting on the lower fixed runner,
thereby opening the umbrella. The contrary movement shuts up or
closes the umbrella. This movement may also be effected by screw
threading the rod, and causing it to pass through a screw nut fixed to
the handle, and then turning the handle in either direction, as required.
Instead of employing an interior rod we can employ a' socket placed
over the stick of the umbrella.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND ARRANGING THE WINDING APPARATUS USED AT COLLIERIES AND MINES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Dearden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1873.
I, EDWIN DEARDEN, of Rotherham, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND ARRANGING THE WINDING APPARATUS USED AT
COLLIERIES AND MINES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the winding apparatus as used at collieries
and mines, in which two ropes are used; one of which is ascending
or drawing coal or other mineral or weight from a pit or shaft, whilst
the other rope is descending or lowering a cage, bucket, corve, or other
weight down a pit or shaft.
The ordinary method in which such apparatus is arranged and worked
is by having two drums (or one drum of sufficient width) fixed upon
a shaft or axle, the two ropes used for drawing the coal or other
mineral or weight from the pit or shaft are wound round the drum
in opposite directions, so that one will be wound on and drawn up
the shaft or pit, while the other is being wound off and lowered

page_text: down the shaft or pit. The two ropes are led from the drum and
over the pit head pullies, and thence down the shaft or pit. In this
arrangement the rope, which is unwound or wound off from the
drum at the bottom or underneath side, and then direct to the top
and over the pit head pulley and down the shaft or pit, is constantly
being bent backwards and forwards (that is in opposite directions,
the same opposite bending also taking place when the rope is travelling
up or winding over the pulley and round the drum when the load or
weight is ascending the shaft or pit. And in consequence of that
opposite bending the rope becomes injured, and is worn out sooner
than the other rope, which is wound round the drum and over the
pit head pulley so as to bend in the same direction.
My improvements consists in arranging the pit head pullies so that
both the ropes shall be laid on so as to bend in the same direction
when passing over them, as when winding on or off the drum in the
following manner, that is to say:-I place the pit head pulley over
which the rope, which is wound and unwound from the bottom or
underneath side of the drum has to pass in such position that the
rope may be carried or made to pass first underneath and over the
said pulley, and then down the pit or shaft.
anning Dranzings are in illustration of my Invention.
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR THE STUFFING BOXES OF STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER LIKE MACHINERY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Casper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1873.-A communication from abroad by Jules Farinaux,
of Lille, France. .
I, EDWARD CASPER, of Finsbury Circus, in the City of London,'
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PACKING FOR THE STUFFING BOXES OF STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER LIKE
MACHINERY," a communication, to be as follows:-
The various packings heretofore commonly employed for these
stuffing boxes require considerable compression to make a perfect
joint around the piston or other rod, and this compression occasions an
appreciable loss of power which is absorbed by the friction of the
substances compressed by the rods. And to reduce this loss of power
as well as to prevent the destruction of the packing by overheating,
it is necessary to lubricate the same very frequently with oil, tallow,
or other lubricating matter. The duration of this packing varies
according to the working of the machine and the truth of the piston
or other rod to which it is applied. Other kinds of packing have

page_text: also been used, but all of them have been found too costly or otherwise
objectionable.
My Invention relates to a packing which is greatly superior to those
hitherto used as will appear from the following description:-The
substances employed to make this improved packing are sawdust and
tale, plumbago, plumbagine, blacklead, or other like substance; the
sawdust must be well sifted and I prefer to use the dust of white wood
cut with the grain. The stuffing boxes already existing upon either
stationery engines, locomotives, portable engines, or marine engines,
may be retained. I make a mixture of sawdust and the talc or other
like substance in variable proportions, averaging two parts of sawdust
to one of talc, and I let the whole soak in a certain quantity of oil or
melted grease to obtain a fatty paste.
I place at the bottom of the stuffing box a thick skein or rope of flax,
cotton, or other fibrous material well greased and rolled in the talc
or other substance, and I place this skein so that it is tightly secured
round the piston rod, then I apply the paste prepared as above described
taking care to press it so closely in several successive applications as to
fill the stuffing box. When the said box is thus filled with the pasto
sufficiently pressed down I place above the same another cord or skein
like that introduced at the bottom and fasten the cover on as with
ordinary packing. A stuffing box thus packed costs but a few pence
for the largest piston rod, it will act for five or six years (under ordinary
conditions) causing very little friction. The rods need only be greased
once about every eight days.