IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HULLING WHEAT AND MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Adolph Buchholz, of Shepherd's Bush, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th September 1867.
I, GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HULLING WHEAT AND MANUFACTURING
SEMOLINA," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel forn of blade to be applied to the
cylinders of hulling machines. The cylinder I cast with a central ring on its
periphery, and I turn it down so that the ends of the ring will be rebated;
the blades with which I clothe this cylinder I recess at the back to fit the

page_text: ring, making a cross cut through the ring to allow of the slipping on of the
blades, blades thus fitted will have no tendency to cant out of their vertical
position.
Secondly. To a novel arrangement of apparatus for reducing wheat to
semolina, the main object being to economize space in the mill by rendering
the apparatus more compact than heretofore. In a suitable frame I mount,
say six pairs of cutting rollers (less or more may if desired be employed) in
two vertical lines, and these rollers I connect together by means of inclined
troughs which serve to lead that portion of the cut material that is not
sufficiently reduced from one pair of rollers to the other, whereby it is subjected
to successive cutting operations until the last pair completes the reduction of
the corn. To allow of this traverse of the divided grains of corn, each pair
of cutting rollers is mounted at a different elevation, the first of the series
being at the highest and the last at the lowest level; the first pair of rollers I
prefer to make longer than say double, the length of the others in order that
while the corn is fed to them in a thin stream they may yet provide sufficient
work for the other rollers; this thin feed is to prevent the crushing of the grain.
The inclined troughs I fit with bottoms of wire gauze or other suitable
reticulated substance in order that they may act as sieves and discharge the
semolina as quickly as it is manufactured; and to keep open the meshes or
holes use a travelling rotating brush which will run to-and-fro under the
gauze and brush out any cut grains or semolina that may adhere to the
wires; I further propose to give a longitudinal shogging motion to the troughs.
This action assisted by the brushes will ensure the discharge of the semolina
from the troughs into shutes provided below the troughs to collect and
discharge the same from the apparatus; each trough is similarly constructed
and provided, and semolina will be collected from each, being the result of the
action of the rollers between which the material last passed. The cutting
rollers of each line of rollers are geared together by means of intermediate
pinions, and rotary motion is communicated to them by any ordinary mode of
driving. Any residuum that fails to find its way through the sieves or trough
bottoms will be discharged by the last trough into a suitable receptacle
provided to receive it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
.
by the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV
ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, Her special licence that I, the said
Gustav Adolph Buchholz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
doin of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HULLING WHEAT AND
MANUFACTURING SEMOLINA," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel form of blade to be applied to the
cylinders or drums and cases of hulling machines, such as those manufactured
under my Patents dated respectively 19th November 1862, No. 3118, 18th
April 1868, No. 976, and 5th January 1865, No. 38.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings I have shewn the application of
the new form of blade to drums and cases.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a drum or cylinder, and Fig. 2 is a vertical
section of the drum in connection with the bottom of the case; Fig. 3 shews

page_text: '
in sectional plan the case intended to receive the drum, and Fig. 4 is a
sectional elevation of the same.
The drum or cylinder A is formed with an annular projection a on its
periphery, and also when required on its bottom face to carry the blades.
These rings I undercut to form rebates, and the blades with which I clothe
this cylinder I recess at the back, as shewn at B, Fig. 2, to fit the rings. In
the rings I make a cross-cut or opening to allow of the blades being slipped
in place over the rebates by a sideway movement. The openings made in the
rings for this purpose I close by filling pieces C formed with flanges, as shewn
in the detached views, Figures 5 and 6, and these filling pieces I hold in
place by means of cross pins or keys. The foregoing description applies alike
to the clothing of convex, concave, and flat surfaces; no further explanation
will therefore be required with respect to the fitting of the blades to the cases
of hulling machines. It should, however, be understood that inasmuch as the
blades of the case and drum require adjustment relatively to each other, the
blades on the inner periphery of the case are mounted in adjustable segment
plates which are formed with rebated projections. Blades thus fitted may be
readily applied, and when once secured they will have no tendency to cant out
of their vertical position.
The Invention relates, secondly, to a novel arrangement of apparatus for
reducing wheat to semolina, the main object being to economize space in
the mill by rendering the apparatus more compact than heretofore. In a
suitable frame I mount say seven pairs of crushing or cutting rollers (less or
more may if desired be employed) arranged in two vertical lines, and these
pairs of rollers I connect together by means of inclined troughs which
severally serve to lead that portion of the cut material that is not sufficiently
reduced from one pair of rollers to the next lower pair, whereby it is subjected
to successive cutting operations until the last pair completes the reduction of
the crushed corn. To allow of this traverse of the divided grains of corn, each
pair of cutting rollers is mounted at a different elevation, the first of the
series being at the highest and the last at the lowest level. The inclined
troughs I fit with bottoms of wire gauze or other suitable reticulated substance
in order that they may act as sieves and discharge the semolina as quickly as
it is manufactured and to keep open the meshes or holes.. I use travelling
rotating brushes which will run to and fro under the gauze and brush out any
cut grains or semolina that may adhere to the wires.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings Fig. 1 represents in side elevation the
improved arrangement of machinery for reducing wheat to semolina; Fig. 2
is an end elevation; and Fig. 3 is a top view shewing the top driving gear

page_text: and the hoppers for feeding in the grain. In Sheet III. Fig. 4 is a partial
longitudinal vertical section of the machine, and Fig. 5 is a partial transverse
section of the same.
A, A, is the main framing fitted with guides and bearings to receive the
stationary and sliding axle boxes of the pairs of crushing and cutting rollers B, B.
These rollers are grouped in two sets and arranged in two vertical lines at
opposite ends of the framing. The adjustable rollers R° of each set are all
geared together by means of intermediate spur wheels gearing into spur
wheels keyed on to the axle of the several adjustable rullers. The lines of this
gearing are indicated in Fig. 1 by the blue circles. In like manner the
stationary or non-adjustable rollers B of each set are all geared together by
the aid of intermediate spur wheels, and the pitch lines of this set of gearing
Each one of these four sets of
are indicated by the red circles of Fig. 1.
gearing is independently driven, and for this purpose the pulley shafts C, C¹, C³,
and Cs are provided. The uppermost pairs of rollers at either end of the
machine are cross cut feed rollers after the pattern shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet II.
of the Specification Drawings of my Patent dated the Nineteenth day
of November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, No. 8113,
and leading down to these rollers are the hoppers D, D¹. The inclined
troughs by which the grain in its partially crushed state is led from the feed
rollers to the several pairs of cutting rollers in succession are shewn at E, E,
E; these rollers I prefer to groove longitudinally after the manner shewn at
Figs. 4 & 5, Shee of the Specification Drawings of my Patent dated the
18th day of April 1865, No. 976. These troughs are carried like ordinary
"shakers," by pendent springs F made fast to the framing and secured by
bolts to the opposite ends of the troughs and receive an endway motion by
their connection through rods G with crank rods II situate at opposite ends of
the machine. The crank rods at one end of the machine are driven from one
shaft by means of bands and pullies (see Fig. 1) and another shaft with bands
and pullies is used to drive the crank rods at the other end of the machine.
The first trough E leading from the highest rollers is formed with a reticulated
bottom, and it terminates at its lower end in a shute which leads so much of
the crushed grain as is too large to fall through the holes in the bottom of the
trough down to the trough E'; this trough is hung just below the second
5 pair of feed rollers, and here the two feeds combine, passing off by the trough E
to the first of the pairs of cutting rollers. Any semolina that may be formed by
the first pair of feed rollers will fall upon a tray e with which the trough E' is
fitted, and sliding down that tray will be discharged in the direction of the
arrow 1, Fig. 1, into a shute, whence it may be conveyed away to any suitable

page_text: receptacle. The crushed grain as it falls between the first pair of cutting
rollers B¹ will be converted in part into semolina, which will pass out of the
machine by the tray e in the trough E² as indicated by the arrow 2. Shutes I,
(see Fig. 4), may be provided for receiving and conveying away the products
of the machine. The crushed grain not sufficiently reduced to pass through
the holes in the trough will now be discharged between the second pair of
cutting rollers B2, and the like assorting action will then take place in the
trough E³, and so on throughout the series, the last portion of the semolina
being discharged into a stationary trough E* fitted with an archimedean
screw for delivering it therefrom. Any refuse that may still be kept back by
its inability to pass through the holes of the last assorting trough is discharged
into a hopper D³. In order to keep open the holes in the bottom of the
trough E cylindrical brushes are employed to traverse to and fro under the
troughs and brush out any obstructions to the descending semolina. These
brushes are mounted on axles in groups of three, which turn freely in square
boxes mounted in guides formed on the inner face of the side frames of the
machine. The axle boxes of each set of brushes are connected together by
tie rods, and the middle axle of each set of brushes is continued through
elongated slots in the side frames in order that both ends may enter vertical
slots in an arrangement of vertical rock levers K at the opposite sides, of the
framing. These levers are each mounted on a fixed fulcrum, and they are
slotted at their opposite ends to receive the elongated brush axles, and they
are made of sufficient length to overlap each other and bring a portion of
their respective slots into coincidence. The ends of the axles serve as loose
connecting pins to the levers, which are all moved from one source of motive
power. At the top of the machine is mounted a transverse shaft L to which
is keyed a spur wheel L', and in gear with this wheel is a pinion M keyed to
a transverse shaft M' which receives a rotary motion for the purpose of
driving the shaft L through a driving band applied to the pulley M2; keyed
to the opposite ends of the shaft L are crank plates L², the crank pins of
which enter slots in rock levers K¹, which are mounted on fixed fulcrums,
and are coupled with the rock levers K by the elongated axle of the top set
of brushes. It will now be understood that as the crank plates rotate they
will cause the levers K³ to rock, and these levers by reason of their connection
with the lines of rock levers will cause the whole to oscillate simultaneously
and thereby give a traverse motion to the brushes in their guides. For the
purpose of conducting the semolina on to the trays fixed inclined boards are
provided as shewn in the cross section Fig. 5.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in

page_text: Machinery for Hulling Wheat and Manufacturing Semolina," and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First, fitting the blades of hulling machines in place in the manner
above described.
And, secondly, the arrangement of apparatus above described for manu-
facturing semolina.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
GUSTAV ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ. (L.S.)