Improvements in Cargo Carrying Vessels.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 24th Aug.. 1897-Accepted, 20th Nov., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cargo Carrying Vessels.
I, ARCHIBALD MCGLASHAN, Naval Architect, of Beechcroft, Clifton Avenue, West
Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to cargo carrying vessels and is intended to increase the
steadiness of such vessels when making passages in ballast and in this respect is
particularly adapted to a class of vessels at present in vogue and which in consequence
of their broad, shallow and light hulls cannot be sufficiently immersed with the
ordinary double bottom and peak tanks filled with water.
The object of my invention is to overcome this defect in vessels of the kind to
which my said invention is applicable by carrying the ballast tanks up and along the
sides of the vessel, whereby the requisite quantity of water ballast can be
accommodated and placed at a height above the ships' bottom which raises the ships'
centre of gravity and reduces the violence of rolling in a sea way. Other constructive
advantages are incidental to the use of my invention as hereinafter described.
In carrying this invention into effect water ballast tanks are formed in the sides
or bilges or in the sides and bilges of a vessel by fitting framework of plates and
angle bars of suitable depth from the shell or outer plating of the vessel and covering
over the said framework inside of the vessel with plates fitted and secured in the
usual way by rivetting so that the intervening space is available for side ballast tanks.
These side tanks extend downwards to the botton tanks from which they are separated
by the usual margin plate, or the margin plate may be omitted leaving an open
communication between the bottom bilge or side tanks. Or the side tanks may stop
short at a level clear of the inner bottom leaving space for a water course which is
either plated over at intervals to strengthen the bilge of the vessel or is continuously
plated over and furnished with manholes. These side tanks are carried up to any
desired level whether terminated or closed in by a deck or watertight top specially
provided the deck beams abutting against the inner tank side or being carried
through to their usual connection with the ships' side at option. These side tanks
are enclosed endwise to form compartments either by specially provided division.
plates, or by utilizing bulkheads. They are also divided by water tight partitions
placed in a fore and aft direction and approximately horizontal when the total height
of the tank is considerable, it being mainly necessary that the compartments should
be adapted to the structural requirements of the vessel and of suitable capacity to
control the water ballast for trimming, and be accessible for inspection and repairs as
well as watertight. The bottom of the tanks is preferably inclined sufficiently to.
drain water readily to the suctions.
An advantage incidental to my invention is that there are no projecting webs and:
stringers or other obstructions in way of the side tanks to interfere with the stowage
of cargo, the ordinary framing and side stringers being done away with or modified
and a suitable arrangement of framework fitted inside the tanks and in consequence
of the extra strength imparted by the side tanks the scantlings of the sides of the.
vessel are modified in the direction of simplicity and economy of material.
The usual fittings and accessories to the ships' shell and the tanks themselves such

page_text: as injection and discharge valves, pipes and valves for filling and emptying the
ballast and other usual accessories and connections are provided in a suitable and
convenient way for the purposes of my said invention.
Dinted tht 003
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees,
Agent for the Applicant.
сушу
I, ARCHIBALD MOGLASHAN, Naval Architect, of Beechcroft, Clifton Avenue, West
Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to cargo carrying vessels and is intended to increase the
ateadiness of such vessels when making passages in ballast and in this respect
is particularly adapted to a class of vessels at present in demand and which in
consequence of their comparatively broad, shallow and light hulls are not sufficiently
immersed by the water ballast carried in ordinary double bottom and peak tanks.
.. In such vessels loose ballast is frequently shipped to make up the deficiency causing
expense and delay.
It is not desirable to unduly increase the capacity of double bottom tanks as placing
much additional weight in them gives a vessel too much stiffness and increases the
violence of rolling in a seaway. Besides as double bottoms of normal depth are
very strong any increase of depth adding more material and strength there is
unnecessary.
The object of my invention is to overcome the defect referred to in vessels of the
kind to which my said invention is applicable by carrying ballast tanks up and along
the sides of the vessel whereby the requisite additional quantity of water ballast can
be advantageously accommodated to immerse the vessel sufficiently to ensure sea
worthiness and especially in the case of screw steamers to immerse the propeller far
enough to minimise the strains on the machinery due to "racing,"
This water ballast secures deeper immersion and is carried at a height which raises
the centre of gravity of the vessel in the ballast condition and reduces the violence of
rolling in a seaway.
Other constructive advantages are incidental to the use of my invention as
hereinafter desoribed.
In carrying this invention into effect water ballast tanks are formed in the sides
or bilges or in the sides and bilges of a vessel beyond the usual position of the tank
margin plates of the inner bottom.
In order to make it clearly understood how this is done in the manner adapted for
the purpose of my invention I will refer to the drawings annexed hereto which
illustrate in a few representative modifications the essential features of my invention.
In the drawings like letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts
in all the figures.
Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5 are part tranverse vertical sections of vessels which at A show
the double bottom tanks usual in vessels, and at B show several illustrations of the
side ballast tanks as they may be constructed according to my invention. In forming
these side tanks special framework of suitable depth consisting of plates and angle
bara is fitted to the sides or shell of the vessel. This framework is covered over
inside the vessel with plating fitted and secured by rivetting in the usual way for
watertight work and the water ballast is carried between the said plating and the

page_text: shell of the vessel. In Fig. 1, the vertical frames consist of a web plate C with an
angle bar D on the outer edge connecting to the shell E and an angle F on the inner
edge to connect the side tank plating G. Large manholes H are made in the web
plates which reduces their weight and gives a passage along the side tanka. Short
angles I connect the web to the deck J, the tank margin K and the side stringers L
The side stringers L are shown in plan on Fig. 2 and consist of plates which connect
also to the shell and side tank plating by short angles M. Manholes H in the side
stringers may alternate with smaller openings N where great strength is needed..
The webs of the vertical frames are continuous and the side stringers intercostal,
But where it is preferred the side stringers may be continuous and the web plates
intercostal.
In large vessels requiring great strength of sides, all the vertical frames may be of
the web form as described with reference to Fig. 1. But in most cases they alternate
with others of a more open form as shown in Fig. 3, and consisting of a stout onter
bar O of angle, bulb angle or other suitable section of bar, and an inner bar P of
suitable section braced by brackets Q and web plate Q extending round the bilge.
when necessary for strength.
In smaller vessels requiring less strength of sides all the vertical frames may be,
of the more open construction shown in Fig. 3, the details being varied to the
circumstances of the particular case.
The side tanks extend downwards to the bottom tank as shown in Figs. 1 and 3,
being separated therefromn by the usual margin plate K, or the margin plate may be
omitted leaving an open communication between bottom and bilge, or they may
be fitted where there is no double bottom, or where a double bottom is fitted they
may terminate with a water tight bottom S clear of the double bottom and leaving a
space for a water course R as shown in Fig. 4. The water course is either plated over
at intervais to strengthen the bilge of the vessel or is continuously plated over and
furnished with manholes or openings giving access for oleaning, repairing and other
purposes and by which water can drain into the water course.
These side ballast tanks are carried up to any desired level whether terminated or
closed in by a deck as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, or by a stringer, or by a watertight
top specially provided as for instance as illustrated in Fig. 5 which shows the tank B
terminating at the upper turn of the bilge with a watertight top T. In this case the.
tank side plating Ginay be carried up to form a water way and the framing of.
the sides of the vessel connected to it and to the top plate by brackets Q. Deck
beams in way of the side tanks abut against them or are carried through to the ship's
side at option. The aide tanks are enclosed endwise to form compartments either by.
specially provided division plates or by utilizing bulkheads. They are also divided
by watertight partitions placed in a fore and aft direction and approximately
horizontal when the total height of the tank is considerable, it being mainly
necessary that the compartments should be adapted to the structural requirements.
of the vessel and of suitable capacity to control the water ballast for trimming her
and be accessible for inspection and repairs as well as watertight. The bottom of
the tanks is preferably inclined sufficiently to drain water readily to the suctions..
In vessels designed for carrying coals and such like cargoes which are self-trimming"
and in way of coal bunkers, the side tanks may be inclined over in the manner shown
in dotted lines at F and G¹ in Fig. 4. This tends to avoid vacant cargo spaces in
the side corners under the deck into which loose cargo might shift during a voyage
and endanger the safety of the vessel. This arrangement also simplifies and,
strengthens the beam and deck connection, to the side tanks and increases the
capacity for water ballast.
Fig. 6 is a part transverse vertical section of a vessel of the kind to which my
invention applies when constructed in the ordinary way without side ballast tanks
and is inserted to illustrate more clearly in what respects the construction of a vessel
is altered in accordance with my present invention. On comparison of Fig. 6 with
Figs. 1, 3 and 4 it will be observed that an advantage incidental to my invention is
that there are no projecting webs and stringers or other obstructions in way of the side

page_text: tanks to interfere. with the stowage of cargo, the ordinary framing and side stringers
are done away with or modified and a suitable arrangement of framework fitted inside
of the tanks, and in consequence of the extra strength imparted by the side tanks the
Ecantlings on the sides of the vessel are modified in the direction of simplicity and
economy of material-and in some cases middle deck beams and plating are dispensed
with where it is desired not to fit these in order to have a clear hold for cargo.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are part transverse vertical sections having the vertical frames
straight and the bilges full in which the web and intercostal plates may have flanges
formed on their edges by bending the plates or rolling them in this way thereby
forming the connections to the shell and side tank plating without the use of angle
bars.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are vertical longitudinal sections and Fig. 13 a horizontal
section showing some of the positions in which the side ballast tanks B may be fitted:
These figures are to a reduced scale to include the entire length of the ship.
Wheresoever the side tanks terminate provision is made for a continuous connection
with the stringers so as to maintain the longitudinal strength of the vessel. This is
done by forking out the side tank plating G and fitting horizontal brackets Q' or by
partial extensions of the side tanks as at B¹ or. B2 or in other suitable ways.
.
The usual fittings and accessories to the tanks themselves and to the ship's shell in
way of the tanks such as recesses where required for injection and discharge valves,
pipes and valves for fitting and emptying the ballast and for ventilation, pump wells,
openings to give access to the tanks with watertight doors to same and other usual
accessories are provided in a suitable and convenient way to adapt them to a ship
when constructed on the lines of my invention.
Hold ceilings and cargo. battens are fitted on the side tanks when required in such
a way as to be easily removable, but for some trades they need not be fitted on
certain parts of the side tanks as will be readily understood by those conversant with
the trade requirements and conditions of cargo vessels.
I would here remark in conclusion that while I do not restrict myself to the precise
details of construction as hereinbefore described and illustrated, I am aware that
special vessels have been constructed with double shells for strength and safety and
for carrying petroleum in bulk clear of the outer shell, and that in combination with
a special curvature in the ship's transverse contour or sectional outline it has been
suggested to use the space between for water ballast with a view of combining
hydrostatic stability with a light draught of water, and I would have it understood
that the construction of vessels. within the scope of iny invention is intended to
provide water ballast tanks on the ship's sides to secure a sufficient immersion and
proper trimming of the vessel and prevent the danger and trouble of a too, light
draught of water when in ballast and is therefore especially advantageous to vessels
of broad; full bottoms the buoyancy of which tends to make them float on too little
draft of water for running without cargo.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In cargo carrying vessels of a kind which in consequence of their comparatively
broad shallow and light hulls are not sufficiently immersed when running light the
construction of such vessels by which ballast tanks are carried up and along the sides
of the vessel, substantially as and for the purpose as hereinbefore described.
Dated
1007
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hall,
Agent for the Applicant.