AN IMPROVED CANDLE
Year: 1870

page_text: 66
LETTERS PATENT to James Richard Greaves, of No. 524, New Oxford
Street, 'in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of AN
IMPROVED CANDLE."
Sealed the 4th April 1871, and dated the 10th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Richard Greaves
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th October 1870.
I, JAMES RICHARD GREAVES, of No. 524, New Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CANDLE," to be as follows :—
The object of the improvement is to prevent "spilling" or "gutter-
ing" in the burning of candles. For this purpose I form each candle
according to my improvement with an open channel in the direction of
the length of it and extending from its outer surface to or very near to the
wick thereof. In some cases there may be more than one of such open
channels to each candle. By these means in place of the tallow or other
matter employed in the manufacture of the candle accumulating during

page_text: "
"
burning in the recess or cup" formed just under the flame by the heat
thereof with a tendency for it to be " spilled or to run over and form
gutters it will at once pass down the open channel or channels formed
for it in the side thereof and greater cleanliness in use will be
obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Richard Greaves in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
RICHARD GREAVES, of No. 524, New Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Richard Greaves, Her special licence,
that I, the said James Richard Greaves, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Richard Greaves, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for AN IMPROVED
CANDLE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Richard Greaves, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
66
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Richard Greaves, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of the improvement is to prevent "spilling" or guttering
by the overflowing of the molten matter of which the candle is com-

page_text: posed during the burning. For this purpose I form each candle
according to my improvement with an open channel in the direction of
the length of it, and extending from its outer surface to or very near to
the wick thereof to conduct away the unconsumed molten matter in
place of it forming in a cup immediately under the flame.
In some
cases there may be more than one of such open channels to each
candle.
posed during the burning. For this purpose I form each candle
according to my improvement with an open channel in the direction of
the length of it, and extending from its outer surface to or very near to
the wick thereof to conduct away the unconsumed molten matter in
place of it forming in a cup immediately under the flame. In some
cases there may be more than one of such open channels to each
candle.
But that the Invention may be fully understood I will by the aid
of the accompanying Drawing proceed more fully to describe means
1
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a side view of a portion of one arrangement of
candle formed according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan view
thereof.
a is the open groove or channel extending lengthwise of such candle,
and from the outer surface to near the wick thereof.
Figure 3 shows a side view of a portion of another modification
of candle according to my Invention, and Figure 4 is a plan view
thereof.
In this case there are two channels a formed lengthwise of the candle.
The number of such channels may however be varied, but it is important
that such channel or channels be formed sufficiently deep to insure the
conducting away of any excess of the molten matter as produced. At
the same time when a candle is formed with more than one of such
channels care must be taken to retain sufficient material around the wick
of such candle to give sufficient strength and prevent too easy fracture.
By these means in place of the tallow or other matter forming the com-
position of the candle accumulating during burning in the recess or cup
formed just under the flame by the heat thereof with a tendency for it
to be "spilled or to run over and form gutters it will at once pass
down the open channel or channels formed for it in the side thereof, and
greater cleanliness in use will be obtained, in addition to which there
results the further advantage that the portion of melted matter that
runs down and solidifies in the said channels will all be consumed in its
turn, thus preventing the waste through guttering that takes place in
ordinary candles.
"

page_text: Channels such as described may be readily formed in the moulding or
by subsequent cutting out as may be found most convenient.
In some cases the channel or channels in place of being continued
the whole length of the candle may stop short of the bottom of it by
about so much of it as would pass into the socket of the candlestick or
candle holder, and thereby more readily admit of a conical or other
form being given to such part. The form of such channels may also be
varied.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I am
aware that shallow longitudinal grooves have been formed on the surfaces
of candles for the purpose of ornamentation, such as described in Field
and Nation's Specification, No. 2489, of 1867, and I therefore do not
claim candles formed with such grooves; but what I claim is the
improved candle formed with an open channel or open channels in the
direction of its length, and extending from its outer surface to or near
to the wick thereof, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Richard Greaves, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
ADTUTN
JAMES RICHARD GREAVES.
EAVES. (L.S.)