IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS USED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM.
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Cutler, junior; of No. 8, Wharf, Wenlock
Road, City Road, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS AND APPARATUS USED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Cutler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1863.
I, GEORGE CUTLER, junior, of No. 8, Wharf, Wenlock Road, City Road,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS USED FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of a boiler or apparatus for
generating steam in such manner as to admit of ordinary coal or other suitable
gas being used successfully and economically as the means of heating it, a
description of which is as follows:-The boiler is by preference cylindrical in
form, having a dome-shaped head, and is set vertically upon a cast-iron frame
which supports it some two or three feet from the ground. The bottom of the
boiler is pierced with a number of holes through which a similar number of
pipes are passed, which convey the gas, room being left between the pipes and
the circumference of the holes for the admission of air. These pipes at their
upper ends are furnished with ring burners, over which are placed, but not in
immediate contact, discs of fire clay. Above the burners the boiler is divided

page_text: into two series of horizontal chambers, one series containing water and the
other serving as combustion chambers, so arranged that in section they would
appear when in action like alternate layers of fire and water, each compart-
ment of the same series having free communication with the adjoining one.
The uppermost of these combustion chambers is perforated by conduits which
lead therefrom to a space which encircles the dome-shaped head, such space
being formed by a vacancy being left between the head and a reservoir water
tank by which the head is surrounded. The whole is surmounted by a short
chimney to which a damper is attached.
By the peculiar and novel manner in which the foregoing arrangement of
apparatus is carried out it has been found that ordinary coal gas may be used
economically as a heating agent, although the use of gas for the purpose of
heating boilers is not new. It is not necessary that the boiler should be
cylindrical, as it may be made square, oblong, or other suitable shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Cutler, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
CUTLER, junior, of. No. 8, Wharf, Wenlock Road, City Road, London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said George Cutler, junior, Her special licence that I, the
said George Cutler, junior, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Cutler, junior, my executors. adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS USED FOR
THE GENERATION OF STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Cutler, junior, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Cutler, junior, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing and
to the letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the construction of a boiler or apparatus for
generating steam in such manner as to admit of ordinary coal gas or other
suitable gas being used successfully and economically as the means of heating
it, a description of which is as follows:-
The accompanying Drawing represents the apparatus, one half of it being
shewn as a vertical section and the other half as an elevation.
The boiler A is by preference cylindrical in form having a dome-shaped
head B, and is set vertically upon a cast-iron frame C which supports it some.
two or three feet from the ground. That part of the boiler below the dome
is covered with a jacket D, the space between the said jacket and the boiler
being filled with fire clay E. In the bottom of the jacket a number of holes
are formed, through which a similar number of pipes F are passed. These
pipes are each perforated at their lower circumference with several holes G.
From the main gas pipe H a number of smaller pipes I proceed, one of which
is inserted into each of the pipes F, in the position shewn. Upon the upper
part of each of the pipes I, near the end thereof, several small holes are drilled,
through which the gas passes and mingles with the atmospheric air drawn
in through the holes G. The gas and air thus combined passes up the pipes
F and escapes through ring-shaped orifices each formed by two metallic plates
J and K, which are kept at a suitable distance apart by pins or projections.
At these points the gas and air are ignited and the flame and heat therefrom
ascends in consequence of the draught caused by the rush of air through the
openings in the jacket, space being left for its admission between the said
openings and the pipes F. The heat from the flame so produced is communi-
cated to the water as it passes on through the body of the boiler, which is
divided into two series of borizontal chambers, one series marked L containing
water and the other marked M serving as combustion chambers. These are
so arranged that in section they appear when the apparatus is in use like
alternate layers of fire and water, each compartment of the same series having
free communication with the adjoining one, as shewn in the Drawing.
The uppermost of these combustion chambers is perforated by a number of

page_text: conduits N which lead therefrom to a space 'which encircles the dome-shaped
head, such space being formed by a vacancy O being left between the head
and a reservoir water tank P by which the head is surrounded. The whole is
surmounted by a short chimney Q to which a damper R is attached.
By the peculiar and novel manner in which the foregoing arrangement of.
apparatus is carried out, it has been found that ordinary coal gas combined
with atmospheric air may be used economically as a heating agent, although
It is not
the use of gas and air for the purpose of heating boilers is not new.
necessary that the boiler should be cylindrical, as it may be made square,
oblong, or other suitable shape.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this Invention
and the manner in which the apparatus is constructed, I would. observe in
conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details or
arrangements which I have described or referred to, as variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the main features of this Invention ; but
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the
construction of boilers and apparatus used for the generation of steam,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Cutler, junior, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEORGE CUTLER, JUN. (L.S.)