SUNDEY TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS, OR APPARATUS FOR BORING THE EARTH FOR COAL AND ALL KINDS OF MINERALS AND SUBTERRANEOUS SUBSTANCES, BY WHICH THE DIFFERENT STRATA MAY BE CUT OUT IN A CHEAP AND EXPEDITIOUS MANNER IN CORES OR CYLINDERS FROM ONE INCH TOTWENTY INCHES AND UPWARDS IN LENGTH, AND FROM TWO INCHES TO TWENTY INCHES AND UPWARDS IN DIAMETER, SO AS TO BE BEYOND A POSSIBILITY OF MISTAKE; AND WHICH TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS, OR APPARATUS ARE ALSO ADVANTAGEOUSLY APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSE OF SINKING FOR WELLS, AND GIVING
Year: 1805

page_text: RYAN'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
RYAN, of Doonane, in the Queen's County, in that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called Ireland, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, in
and by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day
of February, in the forty-fifth year of His reign, did give and grant unto me,
the said James Ryan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His special
license, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said James
Ryan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom called England, His
Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "SUNDEY TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS, OR APPARATUS FOR BORING THE EARTH FOR COAL
AND ALL KINDS OF MINERALS AND SUBTERRANEOUS SUBSTANCES, BY WHICH THE
DIFFERENT STRATA MAY BE CUT OUT IN A CHEAP AND EXPEDITIOUS MANNER IN CORES
OR CYLINDERS FROM ONE INCH TO TWENTY INCHES AND UPWARDS IN LENGTH, AND
FROM TWO INCHES TO TWENTY INCHES AND UPWARDS IN DIAMETER, SO AS TO BE
TAKEN UP ENTIRE AT ANY DEPTH THAT HAS HITHERTO BEEN BORED, BY WHICH NOT
ONLY THE QUALITY OF SUCH MINERALS AND SUBSTANCES BUT ALSO THE DECLINATION
OR DIP OF THE STRATA CAN BE ASCERTAINED BEYOND A POSSIBILITY OF MISTAKE; AND
WHICH TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS, OR APPARATUS ARE ALSO ADVANTAGEOUSLY APPLICABLE
TO THE PURPOSE OF SINKING FOR WELLS, AND GIVING VENT TO SUBTERRANKOUS
WATER IN BOGS, AND DRAINING MINES AND GROUNDS, AND VENTILATING PITS, AND
OTHER BENEFICIAL PURPOSES;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, obliging me, the said James Ryan, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto
had) may inore fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Ryan, by Walter Henry Wyatt, my attorney, lawfully authorized by
a letter of attorney in that behalf, as hereunto annexed, do hereby describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, as follows, that is to say :-
The boring apparatus consists of two spring poles, fixed as in Figure 20, to
which is attached by two chains or cords a rod of iron or other metal, in joints,
secured to each other by screws or otherwise, so that said rod may be
lengthened or shortened in the usual manner; and of sundry bits or tools
for boring, to be fastened to the farther extremity of said rod, each singly con-
trived for penetrating that particular species of soil best to which it is adapted,
as shall be hereafter described; and of several auxiliary implements for
extracting the soil from the hole formed by said borers, and for otherwise
assisting the operation of boring, as shall hereafter be fully explained herein.
The boring instrument, having that bit fixed to it best suited to the soil it is
intended to penetrate, and being suspended to the spring pole, is to be put
in motion by a handle or spar, fastened to it at right angles, as in Figure 20,
or by a crank, as in Figure 6, as bests suits the work. The use of having two
spring poles is to keep the rod steady to the perpendicular line of the hole,
which a single one could not do, as its motion must be performed so as to
form arcs of a circle by its extremity, which must move the boring rod untrue
to the work.
In Figure 20, which represents this part of the operation, A, A, exhibits
the spring poles; B, B, the fulcrums or supports on which said poles rest;
F, F, the chains by which the rod is attached to the poles; E, E, the handle
by which the boring rod is worked; D, the boring rod; and C, the hole or
excavation formed by boring. The spring poles A, A, are each to be about
thirty feet long, and are to be placed so as to work within about two inches
of each other where the chains are fastened to them. As the soil to be bored s
is of various consistencies in different places, and at different depths often-
times in the same place, I have contrived various bits to be attached to the
boring rod, according to the soil to be bored, which are as follows, and which
I shall now describe in their order :-1st, a boring. bit for boring earth; 2d,

page_text: a bit for boring stiff clay or shale; 3d, a bit contrived for penetrating hard
and solid rock; 4th, a bit for boring shale and stone; and, 5th, a bit for
boring earth, clay, or gravel, &c. when mixed with water, and which I shall
denominate a puddle bit. 1st, the bit for boring earth is represented in
Figure 1. It consists of a hollow cylinder A of iron, terminating in a conical
part D, at whose extremity is a kind of chissel or cutter C; in the side of the
conical part is contrived a valve opening inwards, represented at E; it has a
screw B at its upper part, by which it is attached to the boring rod when
used, beneath which appears the method by which the part of the rod fixed
to it is fastened to the cylinder. In Figure 2 is represented the transverse
section of this instrument, to shew more fully the construction of the valve;
in this E represents the valve; F, a spring to keep it gently pressed forward,
but which will yield so as to admit a small stone occasionally; D is the
cylinder. 2d, the bit for boring clay or shale is shewn in Figure 3. It consists
of four cutters A, A, A, A, attached to the rod B, and ending in chissel-shaped
points; this cuts out a circular groove or channel, leaving a core of clay within
it, which is removed by a sort of tongs contrived for this purpose, represented
in Figure 9 and 11. In these, D shews the head of the tongs, to be connected
with the boring rod when wanted; B, two short arms, which connect the
handles of the tongs with the part D by joints similar to those used in a joiner's
rule; E, a sliding part, which moves on a button or pin in the part C, and
which part C is formed similarly to the part B; F, F, are the claws of the
tongs, formed of oblong sections of a cylinder, to hold the arc formed by this
bit the more firmly; they are also serrated at their extremities. Figures 10
and 12 represent more at large the short arms B in the two positions, when
open and when shut. To use these tongs, the part D must be depressed
till the tongs assume the same position as in Figure 9; they are then to be
lowered on the core, which when drawn up they will hold firmly by the action
of the arms B tending to close the tongs the more, the greater the weight
is which may be attached to the claws F, F. Figure 11 shews the tongs
when surrounding a core and ready to draw it upwards; Figure 4 shews the
horizontal section of the core B, and of the channel C, cut by the chissels or
cutters A, A, of the bit, Figure 3. 3d, the bit for boring hard work, consists
of two hollow iron cylinders, one a little larger than the other, and placed out-
side it; lead is then run into the space between them, so as to fill it all except
the part B, Figure 6. From the cylinders rise two upright parts C, C, which
connect them with the boring rod, to which is attached the crank G, by
which a circular motion is communicated to the bit; D is a box containing
water and sand, which falls into the vacant space B through the pipe E, in

page_text: which pipe are three small wires connected with a float F in the box D.
When the bit is worked round, the float will also acquire motion, by which the
sand and water will be made to pass freely through the pipe by the wires
attached to the float. This instrument works like a stone-cutter's saw, and
may be therefore also called a circular saw. One made on this construction
on a small scale might be useful for stone-masons and statuaries, in boring
stone and marble, and also for boring rock for blasting, for all which uses I
claim the patent right to it. The instrument, Figure 8, is used in taking up
the mud formed by the working of the above tool from the circular channel.
It consists of two hollow cylinders, similar to those described in the last boring
bit, and fixed to the boring rod in the same manner; the space between the
two cylinders is left vacant to receive the mud; the bottom of this vacancy
is closed up, all except the space D, in which is placed a valve, opening
inwards, to admit the mud, and a scraper C to take it up. Figure 7 is the
horizontal section or face of the saw. The core formed by this bit is to be
extracted by the tongs, Figure 9, already described. 4th, the bit for boring
shale and stone consists of a circular rim, to which are attached any convenient
number of teeth or chissels; the rim is connected with the boring rod by the
upright pieces, as in Figure 5, and in the manner there shown. This bit is
intended for boring soil of an intermediate nature, between those kinds for
which the preceeding bits are formed; when it forms a core it may be extracted
by the before-mentioned tongs. 5th, the puddle bit, intended for boring soil
mixed with water, consists of a hollow cylinder, Figure Thirteen, connected
with the boring rod, as represented in the Figure; its lower extremity is
formed with a sort of tip for cutting and taking up the soil; above this a
valve is placed, which is more fully drawn in D, Figure 14; both Figures
C shews the open space for admitting the soil. This instrument may be also
used as an attendant upon the others, to take up the rubbish loosened by them
in situations where water is met with. The valve Dis constructed so as to
rise when the instrument is put down into the work, and to close when it is
drawn up, by which the puddle to be brought up is retained in the hollow
cylinder B.
The auxiliary implements not already described are as follows:-First, two
solid cylinders for forcing down clay into the boring hole. When a running
sand is met with in boring, Figure A 15 is used to press down some clay
thrown into the hole, by which it is forced into the fissures between the strata,
and forms a solid coating to the bore hole, by the clay adhering to the sand.
Figure B 15 represents another solid cylinder for the same purpose, with a
conical termination; this, when put in motion circularly, after throwing in

page_text: some good clay into the bore hole in small quantities, will parget, and con-
solidate the side of the hole, and prevent sand from running into it. 2d, an
instrument to catch and support the boring rods when drawn up to be
unscrewed, &c. This consists of an iron plate A, Figure 17, attach'd to a
platform of wood, having a hole C in its center to admit the boring rod, which
is to be placed over the boring hole, and of a moveable plate B, with a notch
in it, to catch and support the rods when required to be drawn up. 3d, a pair
of tongs for taking up out of the boring hole any part of the rods or other
matter that may have got into the said hole by accident or otherwise. These
are represented sufficiently in Figure 18. 4th, a chissel for seperating the cores
formed by the bits from the substance to which they are attached. This is fully
explained by Figure 19. 5th, an anvil for forming the boring rods. This is
represented by Figure 16, where A shews the body of the anvil; B, its face;
C, C, C, circular holes to pass the rods through when the screws are to be formed
on them; D, D, D, semi-cylindrical cavaties, to form the box and pin ends of
the rods on; the boring bits may be made of various sizes, according to the
work to be performed. They may be used in boring for coals and all minerals
and subterraneous substances; and in sinking wells, giving vent to subter-
raneous water in bogs, marshes, or elsewhere, in draining mines and land;
in ventilating pits, mines, &c.; and for other beneficial purposes. By some of
these tools cores or solid cylinders of the soil may be extracted, from one to
twenty inches in length, and from two to twenty inches in diameter, by which
the dip of the different strata met with in boring may be ascertained, as well
as the nature of minerals and other substances which occur; and by the whole
apparatus described the work of boring may be, in my opinion, performed in
a more cheap and expeditious manner than by any hitherto used, and altogether
it forms a set of instruments compleat, and universally applicable to every
species of boring.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Ryan, by Walter Henry Wyatt,
my lawful Attorney, duly authorized by a Power of Attorney, bearing
date the Twenty-fourth day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and five, and hereunto annexed, have hereunto set my hand and scal,
the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the forty-fifth year of the reign
of our said Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of God of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender
of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and five.
JAMES RYAN. (L.S.) By WALTER H* WYATT.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, James Ryan, of Doonane,
in the Queen's County, in that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called Ireland, Engineer to the Undertakers of the Grand Canal,
send greeting.
WHEREAS J, the said James Ryan, have caused to be prosecuted a petition
to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, praying His
grant of Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, for that part of the said United Kingdom called
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, to me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, for my Invention of sundry tools, implements, or
apparatus for boring the earth for coal and all kinds of minerals and sub-
terraneous substances, by which the different strata may be cut out in a cheap
and expeditious manner in cores or cylinders, from one inch to twenty inches
and upwards in length, and from two inches to twenty inches and upwards in
diameter, so as to be taken up intire at any depth that has hitherto been bored,
by which not only the quality of such minerals and substances, but also the
declination or dip of the strata can be ascertained beyond the possibility of
mistake; and which tools, implements, or apparatus are also advantageously
applicable to the purpose of sinking for wells, and giving vent to subterraneous
waters in bogs, and draining mines and grounds, and ventilating pits, and other
beneficial purposes: And whereas it is usual for such Royal Letters Patent to
contain a proviso, obliging the grantee to cause to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery a true and particular description of the nature of
his said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under his hand and seal.
Now KNOW YE, that I, the said James Ryan, for divers good causes and
considerations, have made, constituted, and appointed, and by these Presents
do make, constitute, and appoint, Walter Henry Wyatt, of Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, my true and lawful Attorney, for me
and in my name to sign, seal, and as my act and deed, in due form of law,
deliver, a Specification or Description of my said Invention, and to acknow-
ledge the same before any Master in Ordinary or Extraordinary of His said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery, and pray that the same may be therein
inrolled, agreeably to the tenor, true intent, and meaning of such proviso
usually contained in Royal Letters Patent, as herein-before mentioned, and
severally to do, execute, and transact all and every other act and acts, deed,
matter, and thing requisite or expedient for effecting the premises, as fully and
amply to all intents and purposes whatsoever as I, the said James Ryan,
might or could do if personally present and did the same, hereby ratifying,

page_text: confirming, and allowing, and promising to ratify, confirm, and allow, all and
whatsoever my said Attorney hereafter shall lawfully do or cause to be done
in or about the premises by virtue of these Presents.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and five.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the forty-fifth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, the
said James Ryan, by Walter Henry Wyatt, his Attorney duly authorized by
Power of Attorney, came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
forty-fourth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and five.