IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Longden Hattersley, of Keighley, in the County
of York, Machine Maker, and James Hill, of the same Place, Mechanic, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Longden Hattersley
and James Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April
1879.
"
RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, and JAMES HILL, of the same Place, Mechanic. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improvements in mechanism connected with the rising.
and falling shuttle boxes, the object being to connect the two sets of boxes in such
a manner that they shall counterbalance one another.
For this purpose we fix a toothed rack to each box lever, which racks gear.
witli two pinions mounted on the ends of a rocking or revolving shaft which
extends across the loom from side to side. The racks are fixed on opposite
sides of the centre of this shaft, so as to impart opposite motion to the shuttle
boxes.
A friction break acts on a pulley, also mounted on the pinion shaft, and this shaft
also carries a star wheel for securing the exact adjustment of the boxes, the star
wheel being operated by a lever and spring which press on the points or angles of
the star wheel, the pressure being removed by the slay sword at each beat up so as
to allow the racks and pinions to work freely. The pressure upon the star wheel,.
and also upon the brake pulley can be removed by foot lever when required.
Secondly. Our improvements consist in the employment of mechanism to facilitate.
the operation of "lagging-back or reversing the action of the pegging apparatus
and shedding motion. The peg cylinder is operated intermittently by means of a
peg wheel, which receives its motion from one of two fingers mounted on the top of
a revolving shaft worked by bevil or mitre wheels from the crank shaft. The two
fingers are attached to a boss which slides on the top of the shaft, and the peg.

page_text: wheel will revolve in either direction, according as the upper or lower finger is
caused to strike against the pegs.
For moving the fingers a hand lever and eccentric mounted on a short shaft for
operating a lever carrying a clutch or pin is provided, and the apparatus is also
arranged, so that when the weaver changes the fingers for the purpose of lagging
back, the same motion disconnects the picking tappits at one end of the loom, and
also disengages the setting-up apparatus, so that although the loom may continue
in motion there will be no necessity for removing the shuttles from their boxes until
the shedding motion has been worked back to the proper shed in which the weft
has been broken.
Thirdly. Our improvements relate to looms in which "crab-claw" levers and
a sliding bar with notches or recesses are employed for operating the shuttle boxes,
whether on both sides of the loom or on one side only.
To the end frame of the loom is hinged a lever, one end of which carries a
pattern cylinder, and the other end of which is operated by a cam on the crank
or low shaft, so as to impart a constant rising and falling motion to the pattern
cylinder.
In the pattern cylinder are bored holes for the reception of a series of pegs which
vary in length, these pegs being fixed in a plate attached to the upper end of a
vertical rod, which passes through a stationary bracket or slide fixed to the loom
frame. The sliding rod by means of other levers and rods operates the notched
sliding bar.
"
The pattern chain consists of a series of cards with holes therein, through which
the pegs can pass, but at each change one of the pegs has a blank" in the card to
oppose it, and as the cylinder always rises to the same height the notched sliding
bar will be moved to the extent determined by the length of the peg which
is opposite to the blank in the card. On one of the levers in connexion with
the notched sliding bar is a pin, and this pin enters one of a series of recesses
in a notched lever at each change, the notched lever being removed at each
revolution of the low or crank shaft by means of a tappit or projection
therein.
The notched sliding bar is thus held secure during the time occupied in
changing the card cylinder of the shuttle boxes.
The pattern cylinder has rotation imparted by two hanging catches, which act on
opposite sides of a star or catch wheel on the cylinder shaft. These catches are
thrown in and out of gear alternately by the pattern chain, which by another
small catch and catch wheel operates a small tappet, which presses or forces one
of the catches out of gear, and allows the other to engage with the star or catch
wheel on the cylinder, thus giving the pattern cards a backward or forward motion
as required, and enabling to work with reduced number of cards.
Fourthly. Our Invention consists in the employment of an elastic or spring reed
so arranged that the pressure upon the warp at the "beat up" can be regulated
according to the material under operation. The reed is .capable of swinging or
rocking upon the top side, and the bottom side is pressed against the slay by a
combination of levers actuated by one or more spiral springs. The force or pressure
exerted by the spiral springs can be regulated by thumb or pressure screws connected
with their attachments.
Fifthly. Our Invention relates to a new or improved arrangement of mechanism
for securing a positive shedding motion.
The heald levers or "jacks" have forked ends which carry friction bowls, and
are operated by rocking cams which are notched in two places, corresponding
to the extent of their motion, and one or other of the bowls on the forked
levers enters a recess at the completion of each change, whereby the parts are
locked or secured until the next change. The rocking cams are operated by
sliding catch rods, knives, and levers from the crank shaft or other part of the
loom.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Longden Hattersley and James Hill in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th October 1879.
RICHARD LONGDEN HATTERSLEY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, and JAMES HILL, of the same Place, Overlooker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
The first part of our Invention relates to improvements in the imechanism con-
nected with the rising and falling shuttle boxes, the object being to connect the
two sets of boxes in such a manner that they shall counterbalance one another;
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 illustrate this part of our Invention.
Fig. 1 is an end view of a loom; and Fig. 2 is a detail of opposite end thereof;
Figs. 3 and 4 are sections, and Fig. 5 is a plan view of Fig. 3. A are the shuttle
boxes, which are raised and lowered by rods B attached to the end of levers C,
which are mounted on fulcrums D. To the levers C are attached curved toothed
segments E which gear with pinions F, one of which is mounted upon each end of
the shaft G which extends across the loom. The teeth of one of the racks or
segments being formed on the concave side, and the teeth of the other segment
being formed on the convex side, the motion of the shaft G imparts motion to the
said racks in opposite directions. Upon the shaft G are also mounted a friction
wheel or pulley H and a star wheel J; upon the stud K are mounted two bell
crank levers L and M, to the former of which is fixed a brake N which bears
against the friction wheel H, the pressure being regulated by spiral spring O. The
arm of the lever M presses against the points of the star wheel J, the pressure being
applied by spiral spring similar to that marked O. The horizontal arm of the
lever L is fastened to the footstep or hanger P, through the top of which also
passes the end of the lever arm M. At each beat-up of the clay a stud R on the
slay sword bears upon an incline S on the arm M, and by pressing the same down
the vertical arm is removed from the points of the star wheel, so as to allow the
shaft G to revolve; and when this has taken place the vertical arm again presses
against the points of the star wheel, and holds the same in its exact position. By
treading upon the step P the weaver can at any time remove the brake N from the
brake wheel, and also the lever M from the star wheel simultaneously.
Secondly. Our improvements consist in the employment of mechanism to facilitato.
the operation of "lagging-back" or reversing the action of the pegging apparatus
and shedding motion, and at the same time to disconnect the picking tappits and
setting up motion. This part of our Invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 7, the
latter of which is back clevation of loom. The peg cylinder a is operated or turned
intermittently by means of bevil wheels b, and peg or crown wheels c, the latter
receiving its inotion from one of the fingers d, d', mounted on the top of the shaft c,.
which has rotary motion imparted to it by hevil wheels from the crank shaft.
The fingers d are attached to a boss g which slides on a feather or key-bed g' fixed
on the shaft e, and the peg wheel c will revolve in either direction, according as tho
upper or lower finger d or d' is caused to operate. When the loom is weaving
properly the lower finger d' operates the peg wheel c, but when it is necessary to
lag-back," the weaver by means of a lever h (see Fig. 1) causes the eccentric j
(both being fixed on a small shaft t¹) to bear on the end of a lever, on the other
end of which is a pin which enters a groove in the boss g, and this end of the lever
being elevated the upper finger d is brought into action, and the motion of the peg
wheel thereby reversed. On the same shaft as the eccentric j is a lever arm l, to
which is attached a cord or wire m, also connected to the weighted end of the lever n,
to the other end of which is attached another cord o fastened to one end of the
lever p, from the other end of which extends a cord q connected with the setting
up catch r.
When the weaver depresses the lever h he also lowers the lever l, and

page_text: the cord m is slackened and allows the weighted end of the lever n to fall, which
by means of the cord o, lever p, and cord q removes the catch out of gear with
the setting-up wheel, and stops the take-up motion. When the motion of the peg
cylinder has been reversed, and the setting up motion stopped, the picking of the
shuttles will be discontinued.
This is effected by means of a fingert (see Fig. 14) upon the shaft t', which
finger acts upon the feelers 8 when the sliaft is moved by the lever h, and causes
both of the catches U to engage with the knivers u, whereby the picking tappits T,
and the lever V, and rods and levers V 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which control them, are
held in the position shewn in Figs. 7 and 14, and the shuttles will remain at one
end of the loom whilst the lagging back is completed, after which the handle or
lever H can be readjustod, and the loom is ready for work again,
Thirdly. Our improvements relate to looms in which "crab-claw" levers and a
sliding bar with notches or recesses are used for operating the shuttle boxes, either
on one or both sides of the loom. In Figs. 8 and 9 are shewn end and front
elevations of a loom of this kind, in which the shuttle boxes A are operated by rod B
and lever C working upon the fulcrum a.
The arm A of the lever C is slotted, and upon this arm is mounted or notched
plate D capable of sliding vertically upon the said arm, so as to change the notchies,
and present them to the crab claw levers E in the required order, according to the
pattern. To the end frame of the loom is fixed a stand E¹, to which is hinged a
lever F, one end of which supports a pattern cylinder G; and this lever is caused
to oscillate by means of a cam b, thereby imparting a constant rising and falling
motion to the pattern cylinder. In the pattern cylinder are bored holes corre-
sponding to the series of pegs c, which vary in length and are fixed in a plate or
casting G attached to the upper end of a vertical sliding rod H passing through a
bracket or guide J fixed to the loom frame. This sliding rod H is connected at its
lower end to a lever K, which by means of rods d and e imparts the rising and
falling motion to the notched plate D. Upon the cylinder G is a chain of pattern
cards with holes therein for the pegs c to pass through, but when a change of
shuttle box is required a card is left blank or unperforated opposite one of the pegs,
so that as the cylinder rises it will come in contact with this peg and force it
upwards, thereby raising the rod H and operating the notched plate D into the
position required. For the bottom box no peg is required, the card being perforated
to receive the whole series of pegs, so that the cylinder comes in contact with the
bottom of the casting G¹; as the cylinder rises to the same height at each upward
motion the sliding rod or bar H will be moved a variable distance according to the
shuttle-box required, the longest peg indicating the top box, and the shortest peg
giving the bottom box but one, the bottom box as above stated not requiring a peg.
On the lever is a pin g, and at each change of position a notched lever L is
pressed by its weighted arm L' against the said pin, and thereby locks the lever k
and the notched plate D, except at the moment when any of the cards come into
contact with any of the pegs c, and then they are released by the tappit h upon
the shaft . The pattern cylinder has rotation imparted to it by the hanging
catches M (Fig. 11) mounted on stud l, one or other of these catches engaging with
a catch or star wheel N at each descent of the cylinder. For placing the catches in
and out of gear with the wheel N we employ a tappit m acting on the pins n on
the catches M, so that as one catch is allowed to fall into gear the other is pushed
The stud P which carries the tappit m also carries a catch wheel p and star
wheel q.
A catch Qis hinged to a plate R which rests upon the frame 8, and is
kept in position by two studs which pass through holes in the frame, and also by
a pin s, which also passes through the frame. The card cylinder acts upon this pin s
in the same manner as it acts upon the series c, and by lifting the plate R and
catch the catch wheel p and tappit m are turned round one sixth of a revolution,
and held by spring T acting upon the star wheel q. It will be observed that the
cylinder G has thus a backward or forward motion, as may be required, thus
enabling us to work with a reduced number of cards for such as are called centre
out.

page_text: patterns. Figs. 10 and 11 are details enlarged of the card cylinder and operating
mechanism.
"J
Fourthly. Our Invention consists in the employment of an elastic or spring reed
so arranged that the pressure upon the warp at the " 'beat-up can be regulated
according to the quality of material under operation. In Fig. 12 we have illustrated
this part of our Invention. The reed A is capable of swinging or rocking within
the slay cap B, and at the bottom it is pressed against the slay C by lever D, the
tension or pressure being supplied by the spiral spring E which acts upon the
lever D through the intervention of the lever F mounted upon a fulcrum e, and
connected by rod G with the lever D. The force or pressure exerted by the spiral
spring can be regulated by thumb or pressure screws H and J.
Fifthly. Our Invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism for
securing a positive shedding notion, and is illustrated by Fig. 13. The heald levers
or jacks A have forked ends which carry friction bowls a, and are operated by
cams b fixed to the rocking plate B. The ends of the cams b are notched or
recessed, and into these notches one or other of the bowls a enters at the
completion of each change, whereby the parts are locked or secured until the next
change.
The rocking plate B is operated by the sliding catch rod C, which has a
reciprocating motion imparted to it by the knivers D operated by levers E from
the low shaft in the usual manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Longden Hattersley, for and on behalf
of myself and the said James Hill, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Second day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-nine.
RICHP. L. HATTERSLEY. (L.S.)