IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Tatham, of Rochdale, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machine Maker, for the Invention
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
FOR SPINNING."
Sealed the 20th August 1867, and dated the 26th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
left by the said John Tatham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1867.
I, JOHN TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:---
My Invention relates, firstly, to single doffer condensers which are applied
to carding engines, and in which, as is well known narrow breadths of wool
are stripped from the doffer cylinder.
According to my Invention I groove the body of the stripping roller, which
I cover with rings of cards having spaces between them, and within these
[Price 8d.]

page_text: spaces of grooves and those of
the several narrow breadths distinct from each other.
The next part of my Invention relates to machinery for winding laps of
wool or other material. The bobbin to be filled is driven by surface motion,
and the material as it passes thereto is detained to a certain amount of tension,
by which means it is caused to be wound tightly on the said bobbin. For
gaining this tension I propose to employ an instrument acting after the manner
of a presser, turning at one end upon a centre, and drawn by a spring or
weight. The material is lapped around this instrument, passes through an
eye at its extremity, and from thence to the bobbin. The pressure may be
upon the surface roller, or upon the bobbin itself. To this presser I adapt a
shield to prevent the loose end when severed, as hereafter to be mentioned,
becoming entangled therewith. The bobbin is mounted between two discs
provided with pins extending into the bobbin a short distance on each side,
and constituting its axis. The outsides of the discs are also provided with
pins which are connected to arms moving in grooves. When a bobbin is
filled it is moved (together with the discs) backward, and the outside arms
thereof passing along their groove become separated sufficiently to allow the
filled bobbin to fall, whereby the sliver becomes broken, the other end being
detained, then the said discs are moved back, guided by another groove, which
brings them towards each other again, but during this motion they have
acquired an empty bobbin in the following manner: On the upper part of
the machine is a hopper containing a number of empty bobbins, and provided
with a door at its lower part; a forked arm by turning upon a centre opens
the above-mentioned door and grasps one of the empty bobbins, which bobbin
is then withdrawn and carried downward to a position which enables the
discs when closing to adapt their centre pins thereto; the loose end of the
sliver is then gathered by a tongue and brought to the bite of the lapping
surfaces. In order to effect a change of the bobbin when full the rising of
the said bobbin gives motion to a lever and a cam until an elevation thereof
has passed a connection with a clutch box, and the said clutch box then
coming into action effects the required change. In order to obtain bobbins
with different lengths of material thereon the said cam is made in two parts,
one of which being shifted will determine the diameter of the bobbin. The
filled bobbins may be discharged at once into any required receptacle, but I
propose to deliver them on to a surface which shall turn over periodically, and
deliver them one after another.
Another part of my Invention relates to slubbing or roving frames. In
machines of this class there are, as is well known, the copping motion with

page_text: its changes, the shortening motion, and the differential motion. According
to the usual method of constructing these machines the said motions are more
or less in scattered portions over a great length of the machine. According
to my Invention I propose to bring them altogether in one short portion or
spring piece," or substantially so, thus constituting a "headstock" as it may
be called, and to this I piece the required lengths of rails and their appendages,
and in order to facilitate this arrangement the usual conical pullies of the
differential arrangement are dispensed with, and I use (in combination with
parts herein-after to be described) that principle of driving by friction which
was described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, bearing date
8th August 1862, No. 2227, I employ a rod or rods for shifting the parts
which regulate the direction in which the copping rail moves, and for shifting
the above-mentioned friction surface or its equivalent, and which answers to
the strap of the usual conical pullies. Thus a rod is provided with two studs
situate upon right and left-handed screws. As the copping rail moves upward
and downward it arrives alternately in contact with these studs, and the rod
is therefore caused to move upward or downward and shift the click of the
ordinary ratchet wheel, and a partial revolution of the shaft of this wheel
turns a cam or similar apparatus acting upon the friction discs or their
equivalent above mentioned. The turning of this ratchet or "change whee!"
also effects a turning of the screwed rod, and the studs thereon are thus
adjusted so as to shorten the length of the lift. The reversing motion for the
copping rail is, as before stated; also brought into action by the aforesaid rod,
and in order to effect this I employ certain apparatus which may be enclosed
within a box. This apparatus consists of a trigger arrangement brought into
action by the above-mentioned rod, whereby the clutch box employed for
changing the direction of the copping rail is shifted. The trigger arrange-
ment I propose to use consists of a moveable plate, which being acted on by
the above-mentioned rod straightens a link against the force of a spring, but
when the centre line is passed the said spring by its charged power effects the
requisite shifting of the clutch box. Within the box are also another plate
and spring which serve to keep the usual wheels in gear during the intervals
between the changes.
Another part of my Invention relates to the "sling" of slubbing or roving
frames. This sling I form of one arm provided with a socket, which turns
upon a short collar or stud and abuts against a disc. A cap piece confines
the said sling in position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Tatham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, JOHN
TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Tatham, Her special license that I, the said John Tatham, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Tatham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
IN MACHINERY
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING,"
upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said John Tatham, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Tatham, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates, firstly, to single doffer condensers which are applied
to carding engines, and in which, as is well known, narrow breadths of wool
are stripped from the doffer cylinder.
According to my Invention I groove the body of the stripping roller, which
I cover with rings of cards having spaces between them, and within these
spaces or grooves and those of the doffer 1 place blades which tend to keep
the several narrow breadths distinct from each other.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a represents the usual doffer cylinder provided with
rings of cards b. At c is the stripping roller, the body of which is grooved in
the spaces between the stripping rings d; within these grooves are placed

page_text: blades c projecting from a boss which is supported by a fixed rod f, and at g
are other plates supported in a similar manner, and projecting between the
rings of the doffing cylinder. At are the usual rollers which deliver the
narrow breadths of material to the travelling apron i.
The next part of my Invention relates to machines for winding laps of wool
or other fibrous material on to bobbins; Fig. 3 is a side view of the machine;
Fig. 4 a top view with certain portions removed in order the more clearly to
shew the working parts, and there are also several detached views which will
be hereafter referred to.. At 1 is a wheel receiving rotatory motion from any
convenient source and driving a wheel 2 upon a shaft 3, which is the main
shaft of the machine, and which carries a drum 4 for imparting rotatory motion
by its surface to the bobbin 5, upon which the material is to be wound. At 6
is a trumpet-shaped tube mounted upon rod 7 capable of turning upon a
fixed centre 8, and carrying another trumpet 9, its end is also provided with
an eye 10. Upon the shaft 3 is a pulley 11 communicating rotatory motion
by a chain 12 to another pulley 13 mounted loosely on the shaft 14, and carry-
ing on its boss a grooved cam 15, within which groove is a pin 16 projecting
from the rod 7. The material to be lapped on the bobbin is passed through
the trumpets 6, 9, and is then twisted around the rod 7, and subsequently is
passed through the eye 10 to the bobbin, as shewn by the blue color. The
bobbin 5 is placed between two discs 17, 17, one of which is shewn in edge
view in the detached view, Fig. 5, and each of these discs is provided. with a
short stud 18 projecting into the bobbin, and thereby holding it in a central
position. The discs 17 are carried by arms, as at 19, there being the same
arrangement on each side of the machine, but one only is shewn. These arms
turn upon centres 20, which are constructed as ball-and-socket joints so as to
allow the said arms to turn outward as well as upon their centres, and at their
upper ends they carry pins 21 projecting into grooves 22 formed in the frame-
work, one of which grooves is shewn detached in plan view at Figs. 6 and 7.
Upon the discs 17 are bosses 23, which pass through slots 24 formed in the
side frames, which bosses are capable of sliding in the said arms 19 which
carry them through the medium of slots 24*. At 25 is a lever jointed to the
arm 19, and connected at its other end to a toothed wheel 27 mounted loosely
upon its axis 28. To the wheel 27 is also jointed a rod 29, its other end
being connected to a lever 30 turning upon a centre at 31, and to this centre
is attached another lever 32, the outward end of which is formed with a semi-
circular part 33, corresponding to the periphery of the bobbin upon which
the material is to be lapped. When the wheel 27 is caused to revolve (as
hereafter to be mentioned) the lever 32 is turned upward into the position

page_text: shewn by red lines, and in doing so it arrives against and presses back a spring
34 which, in the position shewn in the Drawing, acts as a stop for a series
of empty bobbins placed in a hopper 35. This pressing back of the spring 34
allows the foremost bobbin to roll downward until arrested by a pair of
side lugs 36 (Fig. 8) fixed to the hopper 35, and also by a tongue 66
mounted upon a centre on the arm 32, and forced upward by a spring 66*,
also carried by the said arm, and there it remains until a subsequent descent
of the cup formed part of the lever 32 arrives in contact with it and carries it
downward against the detaining force of the springs 66 into the position here-
after to be described. The above-mentioned wheel 27 is loose upon its axis,
and is in gear with another wheel 37, also mounted loosely and carrying
teeth 38, which at intervals are brought into gear with a sliding double clutch
box 39, see Fig. 9, the other side thereof being capable of sliding into the
teeth 40 formed upon the boss of a disc 41. The clutch box 39 revolves with
the shaft 14, to which rotatory motion is constantly imparted, and this motion
may therefore be communicated at pleasure to the disc 41 or wheel 38, and
consequently to the wheel 27. The clutch box 39 is embraced by a lever 42
turning upon a centre at 43, and drawn in the direction of the arrow by a
spring 44, but it is prevented from so turning, excepting at required intervals,
by a cam 45 mounted upon the wheel 27, and against which the end of the
said lever presses, as seen in Fig. 9, 10, and 11, the two latter being detached
views of the cam. The cam 45 is formed in two main portions 45, 45", the
latter having a lower elevation than the former, and being capable of moving
independently of the former upon the centre 28, and of being confined in any
desired position by a tightening bolt 46, the use of which will be hereafter
explained. At 47 is an incline leading from the part 45. The end 22* of the
groove above mentioned is bounded by a shutter 48 capable of turning upon a
centre; this centre is flattened on one side and bears against a piston 49
(see Fig. 12) which is pressed forward by a spring, and the said shutter is
therefore kept by this spring in the position shewn in the Drawing, but it is
capable when pushed back of opening a communication with another groove
50, which runs parallel with the first-mentioned groove 22 until it is closed
by a shutter 51 mounted in a similar manner to that described at 48. The
end of the shutter 51 rests against an incline 52 formed upon the frame.
Upon the wheel 27 is a catch 53, which according to the position shewn is in
a notch 54 formed upon the periphery of the disc 41; to the disc 41 is also
jointed a rod 55 connected at its other end to a lever 56 turning loosely upon
the axis 3 and communicating motion to apparatus shewn detached at
Figs. 13 and 14. Upon the boss of the lever 56 is another lever 57 jointed

page_text: to an arm 58, which at one end carries a hinged piece 59 resting upon the
drum 4.
When the disc 41 is caused to revolve the rod 55 is thrust forward
and causes the levers 56, 57, to turn upon their centres, thereby moving the
hinged piece 59 along the periphery of the drum 4 and over the bobbin 5,
after which it falls by its gravity into the position shewn by dotted lines.
At 60 is a projecting pin fixed to the framework, and against which the tail
end 58 of the arm bears to guide it as it performs the above-mentioned
motion. To the arm 19 is jointed a rod 61, which is connected at its other
end to a lever 62 turning upon a centre 63, and carrying a fork 64, opposite
to which and attached to the frame is another fork 65 to prevent the finished
ball being thrown too far outward when thread is broken, as hereafter to be
described: The operation of the machine is as follows:-According to the
position of the parts shewn an empty bobbin 5 is resting upon the surface
drum 4, and the material shewn by the blue color is lapped thereon ready for
the commencement of winding; this winding is, as before stated, effected by
the drum 4, and as it takes place the tension of the material caused by the
weight and obstruction of the arm 7 causes the material to be wound thereon in
a compact form. The increasing size of the bobbin will cause the bosses of the
discs 17 to slide upward in the slot 24, and the arm 19 will be caused to turn
upon its centre 20, the slot 24" in the said arm permitting that motion; at
the same time the pin 21 will be caused to travel along the slot 22, and the
arm 25 connected to the loose wheel 27 will cause it to rotate in the direction
of the arrow; also the rod 29 will communicate motion to the lever 30, and
thus the lever 32 with its cup-formed end will move upward towards the
position indicated by red lines, and before referred to; during these movements,
the cam 45, 45*, which is fixed to the wheel 27. will also have travelled
onward, and will have continued to do so until the bobbin is of the required
size, by which time the part 45* of the same cam (Figures 10, 11,) will have
passed the lever 42 (Figure 9), and the spring 44 being then free to act will
turn the said lever upon its centre so as to bring the driven clutch box 39 into
gear with the wheel 37 which will then be driven by the motive power, and
by means of the rod 25 the arm 19 together with the discs 17, and filled
bobbin will be carried upwards guided by the slot 24, and a further motion
of the said wheel 27 will then carry the axis of the bobbin along the inclined
part of the slot 24**. This movement will necessitate the passage of the pin 21
(Figure 6), and when it has arrived at the end thereof
it will press against the shutter 48 and pass beyond it, the said shutter
returning to its closed position by means of the spring centre before referred
By this time the wheel 27 will have travelled so as to bring it into a
along the groove 22
to.

page_text: position for returning, and such action will cause the rod 25 to draw the
arm 19 and discs 17 together with the bobbin which they enclose backward,
and in performing that backward motion the pin 21 will run against the
incline 48, thereby forcing the arms 19 outwards upon their ball-and-socket
joints 66, and thus the discs 17 will be drawn wider apart and the bobbin
which has merely been supported by the short centres 18 will be allowed to fall
on to the floor or into any receptacle.
The above described motion of the wheel 27 will have conveyed the cup formed
end of the lever 32 into the position shewn by the red lines, it having as before
mentioned raised the spring 34 so as to allow an empty bobbin in the hopper to
roll downward to the detaining lugs 36; the pin 21 will now travel backward
along the groove 50 until it arrives against the incline 52, and by running along
it the discs 17 will be brought towards each other, simultaneously with which the
descent of the lever 32 will have caused its cup formed end to grasp the empty
bobbin and push it from the detaining lugs 36 to a point coincident with the
centres of the discs 17, which by closing, as above described, will insert the
centres 18 ready for a repetition of the winding. The empty bobbin is retained
in its holder 33 until adapted to the discs 17 by the tongue 66 and spring 66.
At this stage of the operations the sliver of material proceeding from the eye 10
is situate between the drum 4 and bobbin 5 now to be filled, as shewn by the blue
color in Figure 13; the end 67 thereof having been broken from the filled and
discharged bobbin by falling against the fork 64, which at this time is drawn
back by the motion of the arm 19, and the object now in view is to lap the
said end around the empty bobbin 5 in order that the winding may again take
place. This operation is effected in the following manner:-When the
wheel 27 is caused to revolve, as above described, the continued motion
thereof will bring the incline 47 into contact with the lever 42, which will
then be forced on to the higher level 45 of the cam, whereby the said lever
will be caused to turn in the opposite direction to that above described, and
the sliding clutch box 39 will be shifted from the wheel 37 to the disc 41,
which will then be caused to revolve. The revolution of this disc will through
the arm 55 cause the levers 56, 57, to turn loosely upon their centre 3, and
the arm 58 will thus be carried forward, and with it the hinged piece 59; the
extremity of the arm 58 arrives in contact with the sliver and conveys it forward,
after which the hinged piece 59 moving onward guides the broken end over
the empty bobbin 5, as shewn by the red color and the dotted lines of the said
hinged piece, and the return motion thereof guides the material to the bite
of the drum 4 and roller 5; when this has been accomplished and the hinged
piece 59 has returned to the position shewn by the full lines, the disc 41 will

page_text: have brought its notch 54 against the clutch 53 which is mounted on the
wheel 27, and the said wheel being thus driven a short distance will carry
with it the cam 45, 45*, sufficiently to bring the lever 42 on to the part
45, and thus the clutch box 39 will be removed from the disc 41 and
brought to its central and neutral position as seen in Figure 9; after which
the winding of another bobbin will take place. In order to allow the arm 58
to pass upward as above described, the return motion of the arm 19 will have
carried forward the fork 64 into the position shewn. As the bobbin fills and
rises in the slot 24 it would arrive in contact with the arm 32 which has not
then moved upward. In order to obviate this there is a pin 19* on the arm 19
which arrives in contact with a lever 30 on the axis 31; when therefore,
the said arm 19 begins to move upward the pin 19* acting upon the lever 30*
elevates the arm 32 a short distance, there being a slot 29* in the rod 29 to
admit of that movement; when the arm 32 moves upward after having
deposited a bobbin between the disc 17, the spring 65* gives way in order to
allow the tongue 66 to pass. It has before been observed that the cam 45, 45*,
is made in two parts, that shewn at 45* being capable of turning upon the
centre 28, and of being confined in any desired position by the tightening
nut 46; the object of this is to provide for filled bobbins of different sizes. It
will have been seen that the winding of the bobbin takes places during the
passage of the part 45* of the cam against the lever 42, and that such winding
ceases when the above-mentioned part of the cam passes away from the said
lever. It therefore follows that by shortening or lengthening the part 45* the
winding may be continued for a shorter or longer period.
In
The next part of my Invention relates to slubbing or roving frames.
machines of this class there are, as is well known, the copping motion with its
changes, the shortening motion, and the differential motion. According to the
usual method of contructing these machines the said motions are more or
less in scattered portions over a great length of the machine. According to
my Invention I bring them all together in one short portion or spring piece,"
or substantially so, thus constituting a "headstock," as it may be called, and
to this I piece the required lengths of rails and their appendages. This
general arrangement constitutes one part of my Invention, but there are
matters of detail also claimed by me, and which will hereafter be pointed out.
"
Fig. 15 represents a portion of a roving frame in side elevation, and Fig. 16
is a cross section thereof. The end framing is shewn at 1, and another
upright part of the framing at 2, which two portions enclose or carry the
whole of the motions above mentioned. The usual main driving shaft is at 3,
passing, as in ordinary roving frames, through the two portions 4, 5, of the

page_text: ordinary "differential" or "jack-in-box" motion; upon this shaft is a pinion 6
taking into a wheel 7 mounted upon a shaft 8; on the end of this shaft is a
disc 9 bevilled as shewn in the Drawing, and situate between the other
discs 10, 11, which are dished out so as to leave annular rims 12 bearing
against the disc 9. At 13 is another disc, similar to that shewn at 9, also
situate between the rims 12 of the two discs 10, 11, and mounted upon a
shaft 18, which turns in a bearing formed in the frame 2; this disc 13 runs in a
cup 13, supplied with oil. The disc 10 is formed with a cup-shaped recess,
in which is situate a cup 14 fast upon a bush 14*, which is loose upon the
stud 15, around which the two discs turn. The other disc 11 is also provided
with a similar recess, within which is placed a cup 16, capable however of
sliding longitudinally along the said bush, in which direction it is pressed
by the elastic force of a spring 17 confined by a nut on the bush 14*. It
will thus be seen that the pair of discs 10, 11, are caused to bite the other
discs 9, 13, and therefore when motion is communicated to 9 by the shaft 3
and gearing, above described, such motion will be transmitted to 13 by the
said pair of discs 10, 11, which act as a carrier. The friction arrangement thus
described is employed in the place of the usual conical pullies, and the method
by which the variations of speed is effected consists in causing the carrier 10, 11,
to move vertically so as to alter the positions of the biting portions 12 in
relation to the centres of motion 8, 18, and the method of accomplishing this
will hereafter be described. Upon the shaft 18 of the disc 13 is a toothed
wheel 19 taking into another 20, which is a carrier for a pinion 21 upon a
shaft 22; at the other end of this shaft is a bevil pinion 23, in gear with a
wheel 24, mounted upon an upright shaft 25, which carries the pinion 26 for
driving the part 4 of the usual "differential " or jack-in-the-box" motion.
The portion 5 of the said motion is therefore driven as usual by the shaft 3,
while the other portion 4 is driven by the above-described gearing through the
intervention of the friction discs 9, 10, 11, and 13. The stud 15 upon
which the central discs 10, 11, are mounted is carried by a piece 27, capable
of sliding vertically in guides carried by the framework, and it is continually
borne upward by a weight 28 acting upon a lever 29, the other end thereof
pressing against a roller 30 carried by the above-mentioned piece 27. Its
motion upward is however determined by a cam or shaper 31 mounted upon a
shaft 32, on which there is a bevel wheel 33 taking into a pinion 34 on a
shaft 35 supported by bearings 36, and carrying at one end the usual ratchet 37,
and at the other a pulley 38 over which a weighted strap 39 passes, and by
which the said ratchet wheel has a constant tendency to turn in the direction
of the arrow. Upon the shaft 35 is a bevil wheel 40 taking into a pinion 41

page_text: mounted upon the axis of a spur pinion 42, which is in gear with a long
pinion 43 carried by a rod 44, which is formed with right and left handed
screws 45, 46; this screwed rod is mounted so as to slide vertically in the
bearings, and in so sliding the long pinion 43 will always keep in gear with
the pinion 42. Upon the copping rail 47 is a projecting part which carries
at its upper end an adjusting screw 48, which as the said copping rail rises
arrives in contact with a nut 49 mounted on the screw 46, and thus the
rod 44 is carried upward. When the copping rail 47 descends the part 50
arrives in contact with another nut 51 on the screw 45, and the said rod 44
is then caused to move downward. The two clicks for the ratchet wheel 37
are shewn at 52, 53, turning upon centres 54, 55, and drawn together by the
spring 56, but according to the position shewn the lower click 52 is prevented
from passing into the teeth of the said ratchet wheel by a flange 57 formed
on the pinion 43, and bearing against à stud 58 projecting from the said
click 52. The two nuts 49, 51, are provided with grooves, within which is a
feather formed upon the framework, and when the screws 45, 46, are caused
to revolve, as hereafter to be described, the said nuts are prevented from
turning with them and are therefore caused to approach each other. The
above-described mechanism affords the motions for shortening the lift and for
regulating the speed according to the increasing diameter of the bobbin.
I will now point out the construction of the apparatus for effecting the
change in the direction of the copping rail, and subsequently the combined
operations of the several parts. Figs. 17 and 18 are detached views of the
apparatus for effecting said change, but it is also shewn in the Figs. 15,
16, before referred to. At 60 is a box fixed to the framework, and within
which is a plate 63 turning loosely upon a centre 62, and provided with a
slot 69; projecting into this slot is a pin 64 which is carried by another
plate 61, also capable of turning loosely upon the centre 62. To the pin 64
is connected a link 65, the other end of which is jointed to a piston 66 situate
within a chamber 68, and abutting against a spiral spring 67. On the edge
of the plate 63 are two notches 70, 71, and according to the position shewn
70 is in contact with one end 72 of a hoop spring; at another time, hereafter
to be mentioned, the other notch. 71 will be in contact with the end 73 of the
said spring. The plate 61 carries a pin 74 which passes through a slot in the
box 60, and is then connected to the rod 44 before mentioned; when therefore
the rod 44 is lifted, as already mentioned, the plate 61 will be caused to turn
upon the centre 62, and in so doing will straighten the link 65 and compress
the spring 67, thereby charging it with motive power; when in that position
an elevation 75 on the plate 61 will push outward the end 72 of the hoop

page_text: spring, and a slightly further motion of the link 65 will carry it beyond the
centre line, then the elastic force of the spring 67 will propel the pin 64
forward, which by arriving in contact with the end of the slot 69 will cause
the other plate 63 to turn upon the centre 62. At 76 is a lever formed upon
the plate 63 and jointed to a rod 77, which is connected at its other end to a
pin 78 carried by a lever 79 turning upon a fixed centre 80; upon the
centre 80 is also a bell-crank lever 81, 82, one arm 81 of which is weighted
and the other provided with a fork embracing the grooved box of the usual
bevil wheels 83, 84.
The operation of the several parts is as follows:-According to the positions
shewn in the Drawings the bobbin is about its commencement the disc 13,
and consequently half 4 of the differential motion being driven at their quickest
speed. The copping rail 47 being lifted in the ordinary manner will bring
the screw head 48 against the nut 49, by which means the rod 44 will be
lifted as above mentioned; this movement of the rod 44 will draw with it the
pin 74, thereby causing the plate 61 to turn upon its centre 62, and compress
the spring 67 through the agency of the link 65, and then the said spring as
before mentioned will through the medium of the pin 64 turn the plate 63
and lever 76 upon their centre 62, thus pushing forward the rod 77 and
causing the forked lever 82 to slide the bevil wheel 84 out of gear with the
driving pinion, and placing the other wheel 83 in gear therewith, whereby the
change in the copping motion will be effected. The motion of the plate 63
will, as before mentioned, have been allowed by its being released from the
hoop spring 72, but when the change has been effected then the other end 73
of the said spring will pass into the notch 71, and retain the parts in position
until another change is required. Simultaneously with the above-described
movements the upward motion of the rod 44 will have carried the flange 57
from the projection 58 on the click 52, and the said click will then be drawn
by the spring 56 into the ratchet wheel 37, and a continued motion of the
rod 44 will bring the part 57* against the projection 58* on the click 53,
whereby the said click will be lifted from the ratchet wheel 37, which being
thus rendered free is caused to turn upon its centre until arrested by the
click 52. This turning of the ratchet wheel gives motion through the bevils
34, 33, to the cam 31, which consequently brings a shorter radius to bear
against the roller 30, towards which it is forced by the weight 28 and lever 29.
By these means the piece 27 will be caused caused to slide upward, carrying
with it the driving pair of discs 10, 11, and consequently a slower motion will
be imparted to the disc 13, thus altering the relative speeds of the two portions
4, 5, of the differential motion. The turning of the ratchet wheel 37 also

page_text: gives motion to the pinion 42 by means of the bevils 40, 41, and the long
pinion 43, together with the screws 45, 46, are therefore caused to revolve,
which revolution acting upon the sliding nuts 49, 51, causes them to approach
each other, and thus to effect the shortening motion, for when the copping
rail again rises it will arrive at an earlier period in contact with the nut 49.
Upon the descent of the copping rail the part 50 will arrive in contact with
the nut 51, and the rod 44 being thus caused to descend will carry with it the
pin 74, thereby turning the plate 61 back, during which movement the
spring 67 will again be compressed by the link 65, and will then suddenly
shoot forward the other plate 63 into the position shewn in the Drawing, by
which means the lever 76 will draw forward the rod 77, and cause the bevil
wheel 84 to pass into gear with the driving pinion, as seen in Fig. 1. The
hoop spring 72, 73, is removed from the notch 71 in order to allow of the
above-mentioned return of the plate 63 by a projection 75* on the plate 61
arriving in contact with and lifting the said spring 73. The downward
motion of the rod 44 will at the same time have removed the part 57* from
the projection 58 on the catch 53, which catch is then drawn downward to
the ratchet wheel by the spring 56, and a further motion of the said shaft
will remove the catch 52 out of gear by the arrival of the flange 57 in contact
with the part 58, and thus the ratchet wheel 37 will again be allowed to turn,
shifting the cam 31 and allowing the pair of discs 10, 11, to be forced upwards
a short distance, rotatory motion being at the same time again imparted to
the screws 45, 46, so as to draw the sliding nuts 49, 51, nearer together. At
44* is a pulley handle for bringing the screws 45, 46, to their starting
position.
Figs. 19, 20, shew a modification of the trigger apparatus described in
reference to Figs. 17, 18. In this instance two bell-crank levers are em-
ployed instead of the spring 72, 73; these levers turns upon centres 72**, 73**,
and are drawn together by a spring A, their ends B are furnished with pro-
jecting parts taking into the notches 70, 71, of the formerly described arrange-
ment, and their action is the same as that of the spring 72, 73. Another
alteration consists in the employment of a weight in place of the spring 67
of Fig. 18. In this instance a bell-crank lever C, C*, turns upon a centre D,
its end C✶ being provided with a stud, which projects into a sliding
plate D. The end C of the lever is weighted, and the plate D* is therefore
forced forward in the direction of the arrow, and as the link 65 is connected
to the plate D the weighted lever C, C*, performs the same office as the
spring 67, the operation being precisely the same as before described.
Another improvement in the roving frame refers to that arrangement which

page_text: is employed for maintaining a driving power for the spindles during the
copping motion, and which is technically called the "sling."
Fig. 2 represents in cross section a portion of a roving frame; Fig. 22
is a section of one of the levers of the sling; Fig. 23 a view of the other
portion thereof; and Fig. 24 a plan view of Fig. 21. A portion of the fixed
framework is shewn at 90, to which is attached, by means of a tube 91, a
flange 92, having on its face a projecting part 93; upon this part one end of
the first portion of the sling 94 is mounted, and it is then confined in its place
by a cap 95; the other end of the part 94 of the sling is furnished with a
projecting collar 96, upon which is mounted the second part 97 of the sling,
and this, as in the other case, is kept in position by a cap 98. The ordinary
wheels of one part of the differential motion are shewn at 99, 100, the former
being carried by the shaft 101, which passes through the tube 91, and the
latter by the stud 102, to which the above-mentioned cap 98 is attached.
The part 97 of the sling is provided with a hollow boss 103, which carries the
intermediate wheel 104, the stud of the said wheel being confined in the boss
by a cap 105; the other end of the part 97 is on the same system mounted
upon a hollow boss 106, and is secured in its position by a cap 107, which
extends from and therefore moves with the copping rail 108, and through this
hollow boss one of the spindle shafts 109 passes, the other is shewn at 110,
carried as usual, and at 111, 112, are the two usual driving wheels.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be under-
stood that I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,―
Firstly, in reference to single doffer condensers, which are applied to carding
engines, grooving the body of the stripping roller, and placing blades within
the spaces, and also between the rings of the doffer.
In the machine for winding narrow laps of wool and other fibrous materials
I claim,--
Firstly, the use of a presser or detaining instrument for consolidating the
material on the bobbin.
Secondly, mounting the bobbin upon short studs carried by discs, which
separate so as to liberate the said bobbin.
Thirdly, the use of a hopper for containing and the apparatus connected
therewith for supplying fresh bobbins.
Fourthly, the use of a cam, as illustrated at Figs. 10, 11, for determining
the quantity of material to be wound.
In slubbing, roving, or other such machines I claim,
!

page_text: Firstly, bringing the usual scattered motions above mentioned together
in one short portion or "spring piecc," or substantially so, whereby what
may be called a headstock of the said motions is obtained, and also the com-
bination of the friction surfaces with other parts constituting what I have
called a headstock.
Secondly, the use of a rod or rods, as illustrated at 44, for shifting the parts
which regulate the direction in which the copping rail moves, and for shifting
the friction surfaces.
Thirdly, the use for the purpose mentioned of a trigger apparatus, as illus-
trated particularly at Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20.
And, fourthly, the construction of a sling, as illustrated at Figs. 21, 22,
23, 24.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tatham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JUHN TATHAM. (L.S.)