AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS USED FOR THE BURNING OF STONE- WARE OR EARTHENWARE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Northen, of 14, Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth,
in the County of Surry, Potter, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS USED FOR THE BURNING OF STONE-
WARE OR EARTHENWARE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Sealed the 4th October 1860, and dated the 27th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Northen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1860.
I, WILLIAM NORTHEN, of No. 14, Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth, in the
County of Surry, Potter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS, USED FOR
THE BURNING OF STONEWARE OR EARTHENWARE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its particular object the economization of fuel,
a more equal distribution of heat, and more perfect combustion of smoke.
The first is effected by causing the fire to reverberate through manifold tubes
previous to its escape from the kiln; the second, by the heat passing through
the said tubes, and making its exit from the centre of the kiln; the third, by
the smoke passing through so long a range of confined heat, undergoes more
perfect combustion than has heretofore been accomplished. The effecting of
these objects will be better understood by the following description:-The interior

page_text: of the fireplace I build round, the required height of the fire hole (but any
other necessary shape may be used), upon which I fix either socketed, dove-
tailed, bracketed, or otherwise jointed tubular pipes of the required diameter,
varying according to the size of the kiln; these I carry up to the crown, and by
placing a band or retort on the top, I cause the heat to reverberato through
other tubes to the bottom, and thence communicating under the floor with a
similar tube in the centre of the kiln, is passed through the same to the
summit of the crown where it either makes its exit, or may be continued
through tubes to the funnell of the kiln. These tubes may be made of any
required shape and size, and increased in number with as many reverberations
as requisite.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Northen, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NORTHEN, of 14, Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth, in the County of Surry, Potter,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Northen, Her special licence that I, the said William Northen, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Northon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agreo
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS USED FOR THE BURNING OF STONEWARE OR
EARTHENWARE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION," upon the condition (amongst others,
that I, the said William Northen, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Northen, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention has for its particular object the economization of fuel,
a more equal distribution of heat, and more perfect combustion of smoke.
The first is effected by causing the fire to reverberate through manifold tubes,
pipes, or flues previous to its escape from the kiln; the second, by the beat
passing through the said tubes, pipes, or flues previous to making its escape
through the centre tube, pipe, or flue of the kiln; the third, by the smoko
passing through so long a range of confined heat, undergoes more perfect
combustion than heretofore.
The effecting of these objects will be better understood by the following
description, and reference to the Drawings herewith attached, numbered
1 and .2.
A, A, represents the solid brick work of a kiln as at present used, with B, B,
the lining of fire-bricks. The interior of the fireplace C, C, I either
build of a round or any other shape, the required heighth with fire-bricks,
or use a pipe manufactured for that purpose, seated either on fire-bricks
or blocks D, D, upon which I fix a continuation of tubes, pipes, or flues
E, E, with socketed, dovetailed, or otherwise jointed connexions, as a, a, of any
required length or diameter with the external side projections b, b, placed at
distances from each other suitable to the size of the cupboards necessary for
burning the wäre, which are carried up to near the crown of the kiln, and
by placing the bend or retort F, F, on the top, I cause the fire to reverberate
to the bottom G, G, communicating with the centre tube, pipe, or flue H, H,
where it again ascends to the crown of the kiln, and either makes its exit at I
or is continued any heighth required; K, K, are slabs throughout the internal
portion fitting on the projections b, b, to support the ware; L, L, are junction
blocks in the bottom containing a flue communicating, with the centre one G,
c, c, is an opening for cleansing the same, fitted with an air-tight cover
during burning; d, d, are grooves in the slabs or blocks upon which each other
rest; e, e, e, are holes in the crown of the Kiln (which in the trade are termed
cuts), as many of these are made as requisite for the cooling of the kiln,
which during burning are kept closed as f, f. f.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention for an improvement in the internal construction of kilns used for the
burning of stoneware or carthenware of every description, I would obscrve
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein described and exhibited

page_text: by the accompanying Drawings, as many slight. modifications might be made
without altering the principal of my said Invention; but what I claim
as my said Invention is the internal construction and arrangement of kilns,
whereby the fire is caused to reverberate through manifold tubes, pipes, or
flues throughout the kiln in any shape or form required, manufactured or
constructed of any material deemed necessary, and with as many reverbera-
tions as may be requisite for kilns of larger diameter than what is specified
in the accompanying Drawings; neither do I confine myself to the exact
plan for the bottom as specified, as the junction with the centre tube, pipe,
or flue can be made with single, double, or treble communications, and the
whole, if prefered, can be built in fire-bricks instead of blocks.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Northen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
THOMAS LUCAS,
34, Cambridge Terrace,
Clapham Road, S.
W. NORTHEN. (L.S.)