CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWINING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Hebden, Cotton Spinner, of Bolton, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MULES FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWINING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 28th April 1868, and dated the 4th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Hebden at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1867.
I, HERBERT HEBDEN, Cotton Spinner, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MULES FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWINING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of the mule employed for spinning,
doubling, or twisting, termed the single and double speed pulleys, & the
mechanism in connection for actuating or driving the same, and is designed
for the purpose of driving such speed pulleys independantly and separately.
during the "time" they are respectively employed in driving the spindles and
rollers.
The Invention consists in so arranging the gearing of mules that the single
speed may be easily and readily changed without simultaneously altering the
double speed, which has been done hitherto; this effect can be attained in
a variety of ways either by a change pinion, a cord or band pulley, or strap
and pulley, the reason being that fine yarn and also coarse yarn will bear a
first double speed, whilst fine counts require the spindles and rollers to rotate

page_text: slower in proportion to the fineness in the single speed, and hitherto they have
been both altered together, causing a great loss of speed and consequently of
production. The mechanism which I consider best adapted to this purpose
consists of an arrangement of intermediate gearing and driving pulleys secured
to a countershaft for driving the "rim" shaft, through which the single and
double speeds are transmitted to the spindles and rollers in the manner and
for the purpose herein-after described. The driving pulley on the counter-
shaft giving motion to the wheels actuating the "rim" shaft during the
delivery of yarn by the rollers, termed the single speed, is mounted or secured
to a "sleeve" revolving loosely on such shaft, thus driving the delivery rollers
independantly during the delivery of yarn, and when this is accomplished the
strap is slipped by the ordinary mechanism actuating the strap fork from the
slow speed driving pulley over the loose. pulley on to the pulley. secured on
the countershaft, which, gives, through the spur wheels, in connection with
the "rim" shaft, an accelerated motion for driving the spindles during the
remainder of the "run out" of the carriage, during which time the delivery
rollers being stopped the yarn is attenuated or stretched. The gearing
actuating the spindles during the delivery of the yarn by the delivery rollers
now revolves loosely, and is brought into operation again when the carriage
has been "run in" and a second "run out" has again commenced.
"rim" shaft is supplied with a "rim" band pulley at each end for driving the
spindles, which materially assists in reducing the friction upon the mechanism
when the "back gear" is thrown into operation.
The
A second portion of the Invention relates to mechanism actuating what is
termed the "back stretch," which is mechanism for diminishing the strain on
tbe yarn or thread when fully attenuated when the carriage has completed-its
"run out ;" this is ordinarily effected by an arrangement of mechanism which
draws the carriage in a short distance before the "fallers" come into operation.
My improvement consists in the use of a ratchet wheel secured to the
roller shaft, which causes a slight revolution of the delivery-rollers, which
readily diminishes the strain or tension of the yarn as required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Herbert Hebden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE. PRESENTS SHALL. COME, I, HERBERT.
HEBDEN, Cotton Spinner, of Bolton,, in the County. of. Lancaster, send.
greeting..

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Herbert Hebden, Her special license, that I, the said Herbert
Hebden, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Herbert Hebden, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWINING COTTON OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Herbert Hebden; my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office; within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Herbert Hebden, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :—
The Invention relates to that portion of the mule employed for spinning,
doubling, and twisting, termed the single and double speed pulleys, and
the mechanism in connection for actuating or driving the same, and is
designed for the purpose of driving such speed pulleys independently and
separately during the time they are respectively in driving the spindles or
rollers..
My Invention consists, first, in so arranging the gearing of mules that the
single speed may be easily and readily changed without simultaneously altering
the double speed, which has been done hitherto; this effect cáu be attained in
a variety of ways either by a changé pinion, or cord or band pulley; or strap
and pulley, the reason being that fine yarn and also coarse yarn will bear a
fast double speed, whilst fine counts require the spindles and rollers to
rotate slower in proportion to the fineness in the single speed, and hitherto
they have been both altered together, causing a great loss of speed and con-
sequently loss of production. The mechanism which I consider best adapted
to this purpose consists of an arrangement of intermediate gearing and driving

page_text: pulleys secured to a countershaft for driving the "rim shaft," through which
the single and double speeds are transmitted to the spindles and rollers in the
manner and for the purposes herein-after described. The driving pulley on
the countershaft giving motion to the wheels actuating the "rim shaft"
during the delivery of yarn by the rollers, termed the single speed, is mounted
or secured to such shaft, thus driving the delivery rollers independently during
the delivery of yarn, and when that is accomplished the strap is slipped by the
ordinary mechanism actuating the strap fork from the slow speed driving
pulley over the loose pulley on to the pulley secured to a sleeve on the counter-
shaft, which gives through the spur wheels in connection with the "rim" shaft
an accelerated motion for driving the spindles during the remainder of the
"run out" of the carriage, during which time the delivery rollers being
stopped the yarn is attenuated or stretched. The gearing actuating the
spindles during the delivery of the yarn by the delivery rollers now revolve
loosely, and is brought into operation again when the carriage has been "run
in" and a second "run out" has again commenced. The rim shaft is supplied
with a rim band pulley at each end for driving the spindles, which materially
assists in reducing the friction upon the mechanism when the "back gear" is
thrown into operation.
A second portion of the Invention relates to mechanism actuating what is
termed the back stretch, which is mechanism for diminishing the strain on the
yarn when fully attenuated when the carriage has completed its "run out;"
this is ordinarily effected by an arrangement of mechanism which draws the
carriage in a short distance before the "fallers' come into operation. My
improvements consist in the use of a ratchet wheel secured to the roller shaft
which causes a slight revolution of the delivery rollers which readily diminishes
the strain or tension of the yarn as required.
"
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in detail
I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the same.
Fig. 1 represents the plan view of an ordinary self-acting mule headstock,
to which is applied the arrangement of apparatus and gearing employed for
actuating separately and independently the single and double speeds during
the time they are respectively transmitting motion to the rollers and spindles,
and Fig. 2 represents a similar arrangement of mechanism adapted to that
class of headstock in which the "rim-band" shaft is capable of being supplied
with rim-band pulleys on one end only, also any arrangement of change
wheels that will effect a great variation of speeds in the mule.
In Fig. 1, a is a "single speed pulley" keyed on the countershaft b, which
is supported and revolves in the bearings c secured to the framework d of

page_text: the mule headstock. On the end of the countershaft 6 a pinion d is secured
which transmits motion through the carrier e to the wheel f, keyed on to the
"rim" or horizontal shaft g, by which a "single speed" motion is imparted
to the rollers, and the spindles to the former through the wheel h, and the
latter through the rim-band pulley i, the said "single speed" being positively
driven through the medium of the aforesaid gearing by means of the pulley a;
during this time the rollers are delivering the rovings as the carriage is slowly
being run out up to a certain point or distance, at which time the ordinary
mechanism of the mule throws the delivery rollers out of gear, and
simultaneously the strap hitherto driving the pulley a is slipped by the
ordinary mechanism actuating the strap fork over the loose pulley k on to
the double speed pulley 1, which is attached to a sleeve terminating in a
wheel m revolving loosely on the countershaft b, when the strap is slipped
from the single speed pulley a on to the pulley 1; the positive motion of the
rim shaft g giving motion to the spindle and carriage is taken up and con-
tinued at an accelerated speed through the medium of the gearing m, m³,
during the remainder of the "run out" of the carriage, and the delivery
rollers being stopped the yarn is attenuated or stretched. The rim shaft g is
supplied with a "rim-band pulley at each end for driving the spindles, which
assists in reducing the friction upon the mechanism, and consequently there is
less slip of the band.
If it is necessary to alter the speed of the spindles the pinion d is changed
either for a larger or smaller according to the variation of speed required.
The bracket & supporting the carrier e is slotted at the ends so as to allow of
the carrier being readily adjusted for the purpose of gearing up with the
wheels d and f. By this arrangement of change wheels the "single speed
may be accelerated or diminished without interfering with the gearing of the
double speeds.
"
An arrangement is shewn in Fig. 2 in which a double carrier e, e¹, is
substituted for the single carrier e, shewn in Fig. 1; this arrangement
of double carriers may be employed in "mules," where numerous variations
of speeds are used, as the single carrier with the arrangement described in
Fig. 1 will be sufficient for ordinary purposes. The double carrier e, e¹, may
be used as a double carrier for diminishing the speed of the spindles, or by
reversing the same it may be employed for increasing the speed; or if desired
it may be arranged by gearing e' with f in a line with d as a single carrier,
thus enabling three distinct speeds to be obtained without any change being
made in the wheel d. It will be evident that by rearranging this train of gearing
which actuates the single speed of the spindles a great variation of speeds and

page_text: a consequent extension in the number of the "counts" of yarn produced by
the mule may be effected, and also when a variation of the speed of the
revolution of the spindles is attained by changing the pinion d, the same either
accelerated or diminished speed is transmitted to the rollers and carriage, thus
avoiding the necessity of making two or more changes, as is usually the case
when it is desired to obtain the same result.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim,-
First. Two shafts, one parallel to the other, so as to drive one from the
other during the "single speed," and by altering the position of the intermediate
gearing, and which alteration shall effect simultaneously an immediate
change of the "speed" of the spindles as required, in the manner and for the
purpose described and shewn.
. Secondly. I claim the arrangement and combination of mechanism whereby
the change of pinion and intermediate gearing shall simultaneously alter the
speed of the entire mule during the formation of yarn first part of draw called
the "single speed."
And, thirdly. The use when required of a change pinion and intermediate
gearing for the "hardening' portion of the "draw" called the "double
speed," as herein-before described, set forth, and fully illustrated in the
Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I; the said Herbert Hebden, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES, C.E.,
Office for Patents,
Manchester.
HERBERT HEBDEN. (L.S.)