IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND DRYING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Franklin Hocking, of No. 8, Quality Court, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND DRYING
PURPOSES."
Scaled the 5th November 1878, and dated the 22nd June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by the said Franklin Hocking at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1878.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of No. 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR
HEATING AND DRYING PURPOSES."
My Invention has for its object the increase of the heating surface and the
reduction of the water or steam space of stacks, or arrangements of pipes or piping
used for heating or drying purposes, and consists in reducing the water space and
increasing the heating surface by forming an interior air passage through the centre
of the pipe by means of inserting into such pipe a second pipe, the ends of the
pipes being closed up so as to form a water or steam chamber of the annular
space between the pipes and an air space of the passage through the interior pipe.
In forining a heating apparatus, a tier or rack of pipes such as described may
be placed one over the other in a horizontal position, and connected together by
short vertical pipes arranged to connect the alternate ends of the water spaces of
the horizontal or main pipes, which are held or supported in a suitable rack or
frame. The lowest part of the under or lowest pipe is connected to the lowest
portion of the water heater or boiler, and the highest part of the upper or highest
pipe is connected to the highest or upper part of the water heater or boiler, the
heater used being by preference of annular construction, namely, composed of a
series of concentric cylinders, being arranged so as to form alternate heating and
water spaces. The lowest pipe of the heating apparatus is provided with a pipe

page_text: leading to a supply tank, and the upper pipe of the heating apparatus is provided
with an air and steam escape pipe leading into the top of the supply tank.
My Invention further consists in reducing the water space of pipes used for
heating apparatus by inserting in such pipes a second pipe, or its equivalent, closed
at both ends and arranged to occupy and reduce the water space in such heating
pipe. The interior pipe, or its equivalent, is kept in position centrally inside the
heating pipe by means of provisions, being lugs or springs, or their equivalent.
My Invention further consists in forming the compound pipe, described in the
first part of this Specification, with the interior pipe or air passage set at an angle
within the outside or main pipe, so as to form an inclination to induce the passage
of the air through the air space formed by the interior pipe.
The main advantages of my Invention are largely increased heating surface with
a considerable decreased space for the heating medium, whether water or steam, and
thereby great saving of fuel or heat-producing medium by the enormous reduction
of fluid which such medium has to heat.
Amongst the numerous applications for which my Invention is useful I would
particularly mention heating conservatories or greenhouses by hot water, and where
gas is used as the heat producer; also offices, rooms of dwelling houses, churches,
ships' cabins, railway carriages, whether water or steam is used, and whether gas,
oil, spirit, coal, or wood, is used as the heat producer.
My Invention is also applicable as a hot-water supplier for hotels and public
houses, particularly as a large heating surface is obtained, which can be used for
drying glass, cloths, and other like purposes.
My Invention is also applicable as a clothes horse or drier for laundry purposes,
or for use in children's nurseries, or for airing clothes or linen.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Franklin Hocking in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
December 1878.
FRANKLIN HOCKING, of No. 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTALNING TO APPARATUS FOR
HEATING AND DRYING PURPOSES."
My Invention has for its object the increase of the heating surface and the
reduction of the water or steam space of stacks or arrangements of pipes or piping
used for heating or drying purposes, and consists in reducing the water spaco and
increasing the heating surface by forming an interior air passage through the centre
of the pipe by means of inserting into such pipe a second pipe, the ends of pipes
being closed up so as to form a water or steam chamber of the annular space
between the pipes and an air space of the passage through the interior pipe.
In forming a heating apparatus, a tier or rack of pipes such as described may
be placed in any desirable position, for example, one over the other in a horizontal
position and connected together by short vertical pipes, arranged to connect the
alternate ends of the water spaces of the horizontal or main pipes which are held
or supported in a suitable rack or frame. The lowest part of the under or lowest
pipe is connected to the lowest portion of the water heater or boiler, and the highest
part of the upper or highest pipe is connected to the highest or upper part of the
water heater or boiler, the heater used being by preference of annular construction,
namely, composed of a series of concentric cylinders, being arranged so as to form
alternate heating and water spaces. The lowest pipe of the heating apparatus is
provided with a pipe leading to a supply tank, and the upper pipe of the heating
apparatus is provided with an air and steam escape pipe leading into the top of the
supply tank.
My Invention further consists in reducing the water space of pipes used for
heating apparatus by inserting in such pipes a second pipe, or its equivalent, closed
at both ends and arranged to occupy and reduce the water space in such heating
pipe. The interior pipe, or its equivalent, is kept in position centrally inside the
heating pipe by means of provisions, being lugs or springs, or their equivalent.
My Invention further consists in forming the compound pipe, described in the
first part of this Specification, with the interior pipe or air passage set at an angle
within the outside or main pipe, so as to form an inclination to induce the passage
of the air through the air space formed by the interior pipe.
The main advantages of my Invention are largely increased heating surface
with a considerable decreased space for the heating medium, whether water or
steam, and thereby great saving of fuel or heat-producing medium by the enormous
reduction of fluid which such medium has to heat.
Amongst the numerous applications for which my Invention is useful I would
particularly mention heating conservatories or greenhouses by hot water and where
gas is used as the heat producer; also offices, rooms of dwelling houses, churches,
ships' cabins, railway carriages, whether water or steam is used, and whether gas,
oil, spirit, coal, or wood is used as the heat producer.
My Invention is also applicable as a hot-water supplier for hotels and public
houses, particularly as a large heating surface is obtained, which can be used for
drying glass cloths, and other like purposes.
My Invention is also applicable as a clothes horse or drier for laundry purposes,
or for use in children's nurseries, or for airing clothes or linen.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood, and the manner of
performing the same ascertained, I have hereunto appended two Sheets of Drawings

page_text: ilustrative thereo, marked with letters and gures of reference corresponding
with those in the following explanation, like letters and figures being used to
denote the same or corresponding parts throughout the various views, and I now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner, in or under
which my Invention may be used or practically carried into effect :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus for heating, constructed according
to my Invention, shown partly in section; Figure 2 is a section through the line
A, B, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is another arrangement of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, shown partly in section; Figure 4 is a sectional plan through the
linc C, D, Figure 3.
Figure 5 is another arrangement of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, shown partly in section; Figure 6 is a sectional plan through
line E, F, Figure 5.
Figure 7 is another arrangement of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, shown partly in section.
Figure 8 is another arrangement of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, shown in section; Figure 9 is a sectional plan through G, H,
Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, taking the form of a hot table for maintaining heat in hot
viands and eatables; Figure 11 is a sectional plan through the line I, K,
Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a sectional plan of another arrangement of a heating apparatus,
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 13 is a sectional elevation through
the line L, M, Figure 12.
Figure 14 is another arrangement of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention.
Figure 15 is another arrangement of a heating apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, shown partly in section.
Figures 16, 17, 18, illustrate further :nodifications of my Invention.
Figures 19, and 20, and 21 illustrate the method of reducing the water space of
pipes used for heating apparatus, according to my Invention.
Figures 22 and 23 illustrate a further carrying out of my Invention, Figure 23
being a section through the line N, O, Figure 22.
Figure 24 illustrates a further carrying out of my Invention; Figure 25 is a
sectional plan through P, Q, Figure 24.
Figure 26 illustrates an apparatus, constructed according to my Invention,
adapted as a clothes horse or drier for laundry and like purposes; Figure 27 is an
outside end elevation of Figure 26.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that the object of my Invention
is the increase of the heating surface and the reduction of the water or steam space
of stacks, or arrangements of pipes or piping used for heating or drying purposes,
and consists in forming an interior air passage A through the centre of each pipe B,
as illustrated in the Drawings, by means of inserting into such pipe a second pipe C,
the ends of the pipes being closed up so as to form a water or steam chamber of
the space D and the air space or passage A through the interior pipe C.
In forming a heating apparatus, a tier or rack of pipes B, B, B, B, as at Figures
1 and 2, may be placed one over the other in a horizontal position, the alternate
ends of the water spaces D being connected together by the short vertical circu-
lating pipes a, and the stack being held in the frames E. The lowest part of the
under or lowest pipe B is connected to the lowest part of a water heater or boiler F,
and the upper pipe B of the apparatus being connected to the upper part of the
heater or boiler F G is a reservoir or supply medium; and H, H³, are draw-off
cocks.

page_text: In the arrangement shown at Figures 3 and 4 the compound pipes B are
arranged vertically, surmounted by a horizontal reservoir pipe G, the vertical.
pipe B' taking the placo of the heater or boiler F to which it corresponds, its lower
portion being connected to the lower portion of its fellow pipes, and its upper
portion being connected to the reservoir pipe G.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a plan similar to Figures 3 and 4, the pipes B being
differently situated and arranged so that two or more of them can be in operation,
as required.
Figure 7 illustrates my Invention, arranged so that the water in the pipes B
may be heated by a parafine lamp and boiler F, the product of combustion and
heated air passing through the pipe I.
In Figures 8 and 9, five, or more, or less interior pipes C may be used, passing
through one main or common pipe B, the centre pipe F corresponding to the
heating pipe or boiler. The pipe B may be plain or corrugated.
In Figures 10 and 11 one compound pipe B is used, the water space D of which
is in communication with the horizontal water space J of the table K, the water
circulation and connection being through the pipes L.
In Figures 12 and 13 the pipes B are placed concentrically one within the other,
D being the water spaces and A the air spaces; the outside pipes F, forming the
heaters or boilers. M, are gas burners, and N a chimney pipe, and O a glass water
gauge.
Figure 14 illustrates the heating apparatus, constructed according to my Inven-
tion, with the pipes B in a continuous length.
In Figure 15 the central air passage A in the pipes B is dispensed with, and in
lieu thereof the water space is reduced by the interior block or pipe A" (botter
shown in detail at Figures 19, 20, and 21).
Figures 16 and 17 illustrate the pipes B set at an angle, so as to better induce
an air current through the spaces A.
Figure 18 illustrates the pipe B provided with additional air outlets R.
In Figures 22 and 23 the saddle pieces B correspond with the pipes B in the
other Figures. a are the connecting and circulating pipes, the extra heating surface
being obtained in this arrangement by the peculiar or saddle-like formation of the
containers B.
In Figures 24 and 25 the pipe B is formed as a cylinder in which is placed the
boiler pipe F, G being the reservoir.
In Figures 26 and 27 the clothes horse or drier is formed with the compound
pipe B, over which the articles to be dried are laid, the water in the space D being
heated by the boiler F and the circulation maintained by means of the connecting
pipes a.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and shown a system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, what I claim as my Invention and secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First. In an apparatus for heating and drying purposes, connecting compound
pipes, which have an annular water or steam space and a central air passage or
heating surface, as described and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. Constructing water or steam pipe apparatus for heating or drying
purposes, so as to obtain increased heating surface without increase of water or
steam space by tising compound pipes, which have an annular water or steam space
and a central air passage or heating surface, as described, and as illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Third. The reduction of the water or steam space of water or steam pipe
apparatus for heating or drying purposes, by the insertion into such pipes of closed
pipes or blocks to reduce the water or steam space, thereby increasing the heating
surface in proportion to the water or steain space, as herein-before described, and
as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fourth. The various arrangements and devices of heating and drying apparatus,
as shown in the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, and described in the before-
going Specification, or any modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Franklin Hocking, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.