matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID SOAP
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Scharr, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom
of Wurtemberg, Chemist, at present residing at Leeds, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
LIQUID SOAP."
Sealed the 5th September 1871, and dated the 16th March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Scharr at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1871.
I, JONATHAN SCHARR, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg,
Chemist, at present residing at Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID SOAP," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the manufacture of liquid soap as here-
after described.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
SCHARR, of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg, Chemist, at
present residing at Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Jonathan Scharr, Her special licence
that I, the said Jonathan Scharr, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Scharr, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID SOAP," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Jonathan Scharr, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Lottam Datont

page_text: I do not limit myself to the exact proportions given, which are to be
taken as approximate; but what I claim is, the manufacture of liquid
soap substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Scharr, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED COVERED CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1871.
I, WILLIAM NUNN, of Oak Lodge, Bushey Hill, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED COVERED CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
In carrying out my improvements I employ a body of the omnibus
form supported on a cranked axle, but the internal seats in place of
being parallel to the sides of it are by preference applied crosswise, and
so that the occupants sit on them vis-a-vis. In place of only one
central door at the back or a door at one side of the back thereof, I
apply two doors each opening by preference from the centre outwards,
with guard plates thereon to rest against the wheels when open. The
driver's seat is hung in the centre behind, but moveable in case it should
be desired to drive from the interior; and the footboard to this back
driving seat is moveable to turn to either side, or it may be capable 01.
being turned upwards out of the way of the door for the time to
be opened; the internal back seat is formed in two parts, cach capablo

page_text: of sliding as well as of turning upwards on a rail, so that when those
scats alono are desired to be occupied they may be slided forwards
better to adjust the position of the weight in relation to the axle.
These internal back seats are also formed with separate back rests, so
as not to be dependant for that purpose on the doors, and these scats
may either be capable of turning towards each other or towards the
sides; but in this latter case the back rests must be formed to fold or
move upwards, or they will be separate from the seats. The front scats
may also be moveable; small side seats may also be provided for
children's usc.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND HEAD COVERINGS GENERALLY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aron Freystadt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1871.
I, ARON FREYSTADT, of the Firm of I. Freystadt, of Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, Hat and Cap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF HATS, CAPS, AND HEAD COVERINGS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists essentially in the use of metal wire gauze, and
preferably of steel gauze, it being very elastic, as a foundation for hats,
caps, bonnets, or other head coverings.
In manufacturing a hat according to my Invention the wire gauze is
placed upon the form or blocked in any suitable manner, a band of
gossamer, india-rubber, gutta percha, or any suitable material applied
upon it; band and metal gauze are then covered with a piece of muslin
or other suitable fabric, and the outer covering of silk, cloth, or any
desired material is then put on, or the outer covering may be placed
over metal gauze and band without the intervention of muslin or other

page_text: fabric; the usual leather inside band and any desired kind of lining may
be used, or an inner lining may be dispensed with.
The application of metal wire gauze in the manufacture of caps,
ladies' bonnets and other coverings for the head will be substantially
as above described in relation to hats, the shape of the foundation and
the number and quality of the outer coverings and linings depending
upon fashion and whether the hat or other head gear is for winter or
summer wear.
The great advantage of the use of metal wire gauze in this manu-
facture is that it combines strength, lightness, and an amount of
elasticity which will bring the hat or cap back to its normal shape.
even if heavily crushed, with if desired a complete ventilation through
nearly every part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Auckland Cochrane
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd December 1871.
I, ARTHUR AUCKLAND COCHRANE, of the City of Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN
SUBSTANCES FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the treatment of certain substances for heating
and illuminating purposes relate more particularly to the production of
composite fuels for heating purposes, and also of composite substances
for the production of illuminating gas, and consist (for fuel) in the
employment and admixture of coal, coke, peat, or other suitable car-
bonaceous or argillaceous substances when combined in the proportion
of about 12 to 15 per cent. with shale or vegetable tar, and gas tar or
gas pitch, or certain other oleaginous or fatty matters in conjunction or
otherwise. And for illuminating purposes in the employment of coal,
coke, peat, or other suitable carbonaceous substances combined in the
proportion of about 10 to 25 per cent. with shale or vegetable tar, and

page_text: gas tar or gas pitch, or bituminous substances in conjunction or other-
wise, the proportions varying with the quality of the gas required to
produce the desired illuminating power, and which I propose to form
into blocks, thereby obtaining useful and economical materials for the
purposes herein set forth.
In- PROVEMENTS IN Apparatus for SeCURING THE SPRING CATCHES OF Boxes, Bags, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Dee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1871.
I, HENRY WILLIAM DEE, of the Firm of H. W. and L. Dee, of
Sherwood Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN Apparatus for SeCURING THE SPRING CATCHES OF Boxes, Bags,
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for securing the
spring catches of boxes, drawers, bags, and other articles to which they
may be applied to prevent the lids springing open or the catch releasing
itself when it is required to be kept closed.
In most cases where spring catches are employed to retain the lids
of boxes in a closed state it has been usual to use a sliding bolt to take
into a notch in the stem or spring portion to prevent the catch being
forced back accidently, but this has always necessitated the employ-
ment of a saddle and screws to hold the bolt, in addition to the plate
and screws for the catch, thus making the fastening of rather a costly
nature, besides occupying more room in the box or other article than
can often be spared.

page_text: Now by the use of my Invention the additional plate and screws are
dispensed with, and I fit the locking bolt on the back of the stud or
nozzle, which is pressed in by the finger to release the catch; this bolt
is capable of rotation with the stud, and when brought into one position.
it bears against a fixed portion of the plate and prevents the spring
being acted upon unless the stud is turned a quarter (more or less) of a
circle to free its point or shoulder from the fixed portion of the plate.
I prefer to fit a small spring in or on the bolt to keep it in contact with
the stem, but it is not essential to use a spring in all cases.
"
The above Invention is specially applicable to the spring catch fasten-
ings of match, fusee, cigar, and other boxes, as well as those of bags,
such as reticules.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINE AND OTHEr Heated CylinDERS OR CHAMBERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Smith Langshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1871.
I, FRANCIS SMITH LANGSHAW, of Chester Road, Hulme, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING STEAM
ENGINE AND OTHEr Heated CylinDERS OR CHAMBERS," to be as follows :—
According to my Invention the reservoir for the unmelted tallow or
solid oil to be used as the lubricating means when liquified by heat is
supported at the upper part of a metal spindle, the stem of which passes
into the upper part of a tube capable of being screwed into the cylinder or
other chamber to be lubricated. The lower end of the spindle is formed
conical or otherwise suitably to act with a correspondingly formed
part of the tube as a valve or regulator of the area of a passage or of
passages into the lower part of the tube and thence to the cylinder or
chamber to be lubricated. A part of the stem passing into the upper
portion of the tube is formed with a screw thread to turn in a corre-
sponding thread in the upper portion of the tube, so that by tnrning the
spindle by the rim of the outer reservoir or otherwise the extent of

page_text: opening by this passage or these passages may be regulated. The reser-
voir of the unmelted tallow or solid oil is perforated at the lower part
for the flowing out of the tallow therefrom as it melts, and such melted
tallow is received into a glass or other vessel surrounding the spindle of
the reservoir and the upper part of the tube for conveying the tallow to
the cylinder or other chamber to be lubricated. This glass or other
vessel is fastened to the said tube by being held thereon between a
cupped flange and a screw nut, rings of india-rubber or other suitable
packing being applied between these parts.
In operation the heat from the steam engine cylinder or other heated
chamber is conducted by the tube referred to up to the spindle of the
reservoir and thence to the reservoir, and thus the tallow or solid oil
contained in that reservoir becomes melted to flow out by the passages
at the lower part of it into the glass or other vessel below, from which it
passes by passages above the screw nut holding this vessel to the interior
of the tube, and thence to the parts to be lubricated.
AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wolstencroft Booth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th October 1871.
I, THOMAS WOLSTENCROFT BOOTH, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
This improved material is intended to be used as a substitute for
leather, American cloth, or other similar material for binding books,
covering fancy boxes and other analogous purposes, and consists of a
combination of a felted fabric prepared with india-rubber, gutta percha,
or other similar waterproof material, with a surface coating of coloring
material mixed with glue, gelatine, gum, or other suitable glutinous or
gummy substance soluble in water or spirit.
I take a thin felted material or fabric coated on one or both sides with
india-rubber, gutta percha, or other similar waterproof material, using by
preference what is well known as "Clark's Patent Packing Felt," and
apply to either the felted or the coated surface thereof a layer of the

page_text: coloring material, which latter is composed of any suitable powdered
coloring matter mixed into a thick paste with a solution of glue,
gelatine, gum, or other suitable glutinous or gummy substance soluble
in water or spirits, and I then smooth the surface by means of
"
a doctor
plate," or otherwise, and afterwards dry the material by passing it over (
heated cylinders or in any other convenient manner.
The material thus produced may be used as a substitute for leather in
this state, but its surface will be improved and its pliancy and softness
will be much increased by passing it between calendering rollers, after
which it may be embossed to imitate the grain of leather or with any 1
ornamental pattern.
For some purposes I prefer to coat the inner side of the material with
paper, and I would further remark that the coating of coloring matter
may be applied to either one or both sides of the material as may be
preferred, and the felted fabric may be used either single, double, or 1
of several thicknesses according to the purpose for which the finished
material is to be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VAlves
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Eagling Glaskin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1871.
I, EDWIN EAGLING GLASKIN, of No. 17, Queen's Square, in the City
of Westminster, and County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VAlves,"
to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to liberate the water or other liquid,
steam, or gas contained in a boiler or other enclosed vessel, which water,
liquid, steam, air, or gas, when it has been expanded by means of heat
or other kind of force, cannot escape if the ordinary channels arranged
for that purpose are blocked up by corrosion, furring, the presence of ice
or other material, and the boiler is therefore liable to burst if some other
means be not adopted to relieve the pressure when it is greater than
that which the vessel has been designed to bear. I propose to effect
this object by means of an indicating lock-up safety valve, which is
simple in its construction, effective and certain in its action, free from
the danger of being disarranged by negligence or collision with other
bodies, and which when once it is fixed for a given pressure cannot be
altered except it be removed by some skilful person.

page_text: This Invention especially relates to boilers in kitchen ranges or other
licating apparatus, but it is also applicable to steam boilers, hydraulic
pumps, or other vessels containing liquid or gas subject to fluctuations
of pressure. The valve has a conical seat and giuding feathers working
in a cylinder, and is pressed down by means of a spring adjusted to a
certain pressure, the whole arrangement being covered up and guarded
from external injury by a bonnet securely fixed to a flange, cast on
a valve seating, which bonnet is pierced with a convenient number
of holes to allow of the escape of the liquid, steam, air, or gas after it
has passed the valve. I sometimes cast a cylinder on to the valve seating
to enclose the spring and valve, and I adjust the pressure by means of
a cap, which when placed in position is prevented from rising by two
lugs cast on the above-mentioned cylinder, the whole being covered
over by a thin metal plate securely fastened to the rim of the cylinder
to preserve the inside from dust as well as to prevent the possibility
of the valve being interfered with by ignorant persons. I sometimes
make the valves adjustable by means of a screw tapped into the inside
of the bonnet, or a ratchet cast on the cap which fits into the cylinder.
These valves are so made as to be applied either directly on to any
existing boiler, by being screwed into one of the sides or by being
fastened down by bolts passing through a flange cast on the valve, or
they may be screwed into any pipe leading to the boiler.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd August 1871.-A communication from abroad by Denis Henri
Pinet, of Rue de Savoie, Paris, France.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates mainly to apparatus for obtaining motive power
by means of incompressible liquids.
The apparatus consists of, say, a metal pipe bent into an ✓ form.
One of the legs is provided with a piston which is actuated by hand or
otherwise; the other leg is provided with a hollow trunk piston closed
at the top, whose upper part is enlarged and forms a receptacle for the
liquid which is forced through the legs under the action of the first-
mentioned piston. The trunk piston has straps with a connecting
rod attached to give the necessary movement to the crank of a driving
shaft.

page_text: The liquid may be introduced into the apparatus in various mauners,
but the following is to be preferred:-A feed pump is connected to the
leg containing the first piston by a pipe which is provided with a
valve, so that the apparatus may be filled and any escape of liquid
compensated for. The liquid in entering the pipe will cause a com-
pression of air which is allowed to escape through holes made in the top
surface of the receptacle, the holes being afterwards closed by plugs or
stoppers. The operator will know when the apparatus is full of liquid
as soon as the latter reaches the level of these holes, and on closing them
all entrance of air to the apparatus is cut off. The receptacle is provided
with rollers or slides which press against four supports with grooves
similar to those employed for the covers of gasometers so as to keep it
perfectly steady in its up-and-down motions.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The pressure exerted upon
the first piston is immediately transmitted to the receptacle through the
trunk. The effort exerted upon the latter being in exact relation to
their proportions. The rising of the receptacle takes place immediately
by its trunk sliding in the leg of the apparatus, and its elevation is equal
to the lowering of the first piston. While the actuating power of the
latter is kept up the liquid is alternately forced into and withdrawn from
the receptacle so that a constant rotary motion of the driving shaft is
established.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Finney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1871.
I, JAMES FINNEY, of Bocking, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS
FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is mainly to regulate the speed of a
steam engine indirectly by the action of the governor balls, whilst an
independent force is employed to open and close the throttle valve. The
governor balls having thus practically no work to do are extremely
sensitive to any variation of speed. A governor so arranged is shown
in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is an elevation looking towards the side of the throttle valve;
Figure 2, an elevation of disc E, with disc B removed; Figure 3, a
transverse section of throttle valve and side elevation of discs B and E,
shewn on valve spindle. Figure 4 is another section of throttle valve
shewn halfway open.

page_text: A is a socket which slides up and down the central spindle by the
action of the governor balls. B is a disc mounted freely on the spindle
of the throttle valve, and has attached to it an arm C terminating in a
groove in socket A, and another arm C¹ on the opposite side to balance
it. Two portions of the periphery of this disc cut away at a a¹, the
object of which is explained further on. E is another disc pinned fast
on the throttle valve spindle, having on its periphery a certain number of
ratchet teeth, one half standing in one direction, and the other half in
the opposite direction. F and G are two clicks mounted on an upright
rocking beam H, kept in motion at any convenient speed and by any
convenient means. In the arrangement shewn in the Drawing it is
driven by a crank on the governor spindle. The clicks are broad
enough at the ends to cover the peripheries of the two discs B and E.
As long as the engine keeps its proper speed the disc B is held in such a
position that the clicks simply slide backwards and forwards on its
periphery, and do not drop into the ratchets; but when a variation of
speed occurs the disc B is moved partly round one way or the
other, as the case may be, and one of the clicks is allowed to fall
into the ratchets, and thus begins at once to operate upon the throttle
valve through the disc E. It is preferred to use a throttle valve in
which the valve is perfectly circular, and which when closed just fills out
a circular neck in the steam pipe. It will be seen that on the disc E
there are only a sufficient number of teeth to effect a complete opening
or closing, and when this is done though the clicks still keep in motion
no harm can ensue.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Smith and James Fyfe
Donald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th March 1871.
We, PETER SMITH and JAMES FYFE DONALD, both of Johnstone, in
the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to machinery of various well known kinds
for imparting what is known as the elastic finish to woven fabrics by
giving them a jigging motion whilst being dried in a stretched state.
The fabric is held by its selvedges and in some machines has a
progressive motion whilst being finished and in others not. The jigging
consists of reciprocatory or vibratory motions imparted to the parts
carrying the selvedges, and the' present Invention consists partly in
constructing any of the various machines so that the reciprocatory
or vibratory motion may be brought on gradually and be altered at
any time even when the machine is working, and so that it may be
thus adjusted to the requirements of the fabric on the machine at the
time and avoid imparting shocks to the machinery. In carrying out

page_text: the Invention the jigging motion is imparted by an eccentric or crank
on a revolving shaft to one or more of the transverse oscillating shafts
or bearers of the machine' through the intervention of a slotted link
or lever. This link or lever works on a block, which block is in the
slot and centred on a stationary stud pin, and the link or lever has the
connecting rod from the eccentric or crank jointed to it near one end
whilst a second rod jointed to it near the other end is connected to
the oscillating shaft or bearer of the finishing mechanism. The link
or lever is suspended so as to be adjustable upon the block and stand
pin by a hand lever and when it is set with the joint of the second rod
in line with the stud pin no movement is imparted to that rod, but on
shifting the link or lever a movement is given to it which is greater
the further its joint is moved away from the stud pin.
This Invention may be used to work a well known fan or fans over
the fabric so that the extent of motion of such fan or fans may be varied
with facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF AMMONIACAL LIQUOR AND LIME RESULTING FROM THE MANUFACTURE AND PURIFICATION OF GAS IN GAS WORKS
Year: 1871

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ball at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1871.
".
I, THOMAS BALL, of Nottingham, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
AMMONIACAL LIQUOR AND LIME RESULTING FROM THE MANUFACTURE AND
PURIFICATION OF GAS IN GAS WORKS," to be as follows:—
In carrying out my improvements I combine with either the
ammoniacal liquor or the lime, wood sawdust, breeze or spent ashes,
coke, dried peat, cocoa-nut fibre, spent tan, or dried clay, or other slightly
absorbent or cellular matter in the state of fine particles or powder.
In the treatment of ammoniacal liquor of gas works I take, say half
a bushel of wood sawdust, and half a bushel of highly dried clay reduced
to powder, and having well mixed these together by any suitable mill or
mixing means, I add thereto one pint of sulphuric acid which has been
diluted by adding thereto three pints of water. The wood sawdust, clay
and dilute acid are then thoroughly worked together, and when fully

page_text: combined I add thereto, say three gallons of ammoniacal liquor and
again thoroughly mix the whole together.
In the case of the lime the proportions which I have found to answer
are one bushel of dried peat, or half a bushel of wood sawdust, and half
a bushel of finely dried clay, and one pint of sulphuric acid diluted in
four pints of water, and after these have been mixed in a mill or by
other means, and allowed to remain for some time, say twenty-four hours,
they are mixed with, say two bushels of the lime taken direct from
the purifiers, and thoroughly combined by the aid of any ordinary mill
or mixing means.
The proportions referred to may however bo varied.
In the case of the other matters, as breeze or spent ashes, coke, cocoa-
nut fibre, spent tan referred to, a similar treatment is adopted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLIDIFIED TEA AND COFFEE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William McKenzie and Charles Alexander
Cameron, M.D., both of the City of Dublin, Ireland, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLIDIFIED TEA
AND COFFEE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William McKenzie and
Charles Alexander Cameron at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th October 1871.
We, WILLIAM M KENZIE and CHARLES ALEXANDER CAMERON, M.D.,
both of the City of Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLIDIFIED TEA
AND COFFEE," to be as follows:-
An infusion of the tea or coffee is made in boiling water, and after
being filtered is evaporated until a residual solid or nearly solid substance

page_text: is obtained. This residue is then mixed with condensed milk and sugar,
and formed into tablets or placed in suitable boxes or receptacles.
In order to obtain very dry solid extracts of tea and coffee the
mixture obtained as before mentioned may be exposed to a gentle heat.
The process of evaporation before referred to may be effected in
vacuum pans or in the ordinary manner by the application of steam, hot
water, or heated air.
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING BOAT-DETACHING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jacob Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1871.
I, EDWARD JACOB HILL, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED SELF-ACTING BOAT-DETACHING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved means of automatically detaching
ships' boats when lowered into the water.
In carrying out my Invention I employ the peculiar slip hook and
ring or depositing apparatus for which Letters Patent were granted to
me bearing date April 6th, 1870, No. 1007. This slip hook is con-
structed and applied in combination with the boat lowering apparatus

page_text: in manner hereafter described, and is the chief means whereby the
automatic detachment of the boat is ensured. This slip hook is hinged
to the bottom of the boat amidships, so that it may be folded down out
of the way after the boat is lowered. To this hook a slip ring is applied
as described in my former Patent, the said ring being provided with a
hook hinged thereto, to which the boat lowering tackle is connected as
follows: The boat is suspended at the bow and stern from a chain or
rope attached to the blocks suspended from the davits, each chain being
passed through a hook, ring, or block at the ends of the boat, and thence
to the slip hook at the centre. Each chain terminates in an eye or link,
one of which is large enough for the other chain or rope to pass through,
and the latter is attached to the hook of the slip ring before mentioned.
Thus arranged as soon as the boat floats the ring becomes disengaged
from the slip hook and casts off the chains, thus freeing the boat. This
result is attained by the aid of a chain or cord connection, which attaches
the hinged hook of the slip ring to the bottom of the boat.
To prevent the boat becoming detached by a wave striking her before
being properly lowered, a safety pin or bolt is applied to the hooked
portion of the slip hook for the purpose of preventing the slip ring
becoming prematurely disconnected. This pin is released automatically,
by a chain or cord connection attaching it to the guys of the davits.
This connection may be adjusted according to the height of the vessel,
so as to withdraw the safety pin at the proper time.
A similar pin, or a
spring, or equivalent device may be applied to the hinged hook of the
slip ring to prevent the chain becoming accidentally detached therefrom.
The great advantage of the foregoing arrangement is that the boat will
not be detached if floated at one end only as sometimes occurs, and if
overloaded considerably beyond her buoyant power the boat will not be

page_text: jointed hook to the tackle block at the bow end, the pull of which causes
the line to pull a trigger or equivalent device, which is so arranged as to'
suddenly slacken the sling chains at the stern, thereby disconnecting the
slip hook and detaching the boat. In this arrangement a safety pin is
applied to each hook.
AN IMPROVED TREATMENT OF WINES AND OTHER ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS FOR AGEING OR IMPROVING THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Rumine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1871.
I, PIERRE RUMINE, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, and
at present of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TREATMENT
OF WINES AND OTHER ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS FOR AGEING OR IMPROVING THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in subjecting wines and other alcoholic liquors
to the action of ozone or ozonized air for the purpose of ageing the same,
or obtaining the effects usually produced by keeping for a lengthened
period.
According to my Invention I introduce the liquor to be treated into a
vessel containing ozone, or through which a current of ozonized air is
passing. The liquor is introduced in a subdivided state, or in the form
of spray, to bring it into intimate contact with the ozone, and to prolong

page_text: the action of the latter on the liquor, the same may be caused to fall on
a series of inclined plates arranged within the vessel, and having an
extended surface over which the liquor flows, being afterwards collected
in a suitable receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COWLS OR HOODS FOR CHIMNEYS, VENTILATORS, LAMPS, AND LANTERNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Goll at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1871.-A communication from abroad, by Frederich E.
Moll, of Kleinsuessen, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Brazier.
I, RICHARD GOLL, of Biberach, in the Kingdom of Württemberg,
but at present residing at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
***IMPROVEMENTS IN COWLS OR HOODS FOR CHIMNEYS, VENTILATORS, LAMPS, AND
LANTERNS," to be as follows:-
The said improvements consist in constructing and arranging in the
manner herein-after described the parts of the said cowls or hoods
whereby downward draught is prevented and the proper action of the
chimney, ventilator, lamp, or lantern secured.
The body of the cowl or hood constructed according to this Invention
consists of a metallic chamber, the lower part of which is globular and
the upper part cylindrical, the said upper part being surmounted by a
conical or other cover. The said chamber is open at bottom; the
cylindrical part of the body of the cowl is perforated with holes. The

page_text: said body is supported and fixed by screws or otherwise on the top of
a shaft or tube, the said top being by preference trumpet shaped, the
said trumpet-shaped top occupying that part of the globular portion of
the chamber of largest diameter. In the axis of the cowl and fixed to
the top of the cover is a rod carrying at its lower end a flat circular
disk or plate, the said disk or plato being suspended by the said rod
immediately over the trumpet-shaped mouth of the shaft or tube, but
at such a distance therefrom as to permit of the ready escape of the
current of air rising in the said shaft or tube.
The action of the said cowl or hood is as follows:-When the external
air is quiescent the current of air from the shaft or tube rises in the
cowl and passes out at the holes in the cylindrical part thereof without
impediment. When a horizontal current of air strikes the cowl it
passes to the interior thercof through the holes described, but is deflected
by the suspended plate over the mouth of the shaft so as to strike:
against the inner concave surface of the globular part and escape at the
open bottom of the cowl. If the current of air has an upward tendency
it enters the lower part of the cowl, is deflected by the trumpet mouth of
the shaft against the concave sides of the globular part over the
suspended plate or disk, and passes out at the holes in the cylindrical
part of the cowl.
.
When a cowl constructed according to this Invention is used on a
chimney it prevents the smoking of the said chimney. When used on
a ventilator for buildings it prevents a downward current in the said
ventilator, and when used with punkah and other lamps and lanterns
it prevents flickering or unsteadiness of the flame by draughts of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES, BROOMS, WHISKS, DUSTERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1871.
I, JOHN BURMAN, of 24, Albert Terrace, Knightsbridge, in the Parish
of St. Margaret, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Brushmaker
and Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES, BROOMS, WHISKS, DUSTERS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object-to provide a substitute for the manu-
facture of brushes, brooms, whisks, dusters, and other similar articles
which shall supersede the employment of feathers and other materials
now used for this purpose, and so avoid the scratching and other damage
so frequently arising from their use.
For this purpose Manilla fibre is found to be peculiarly fitted when
employed in the state in which it is supplied for spinning and rope
making, as it is cleaned from the harder envelope and brought into a
suitable condition for use, it being of a soft silky nature, tough, and free

page_text: from breakage, and admitting of being firmly attached to a handle when
required by means of twine, wire, tape, or other suitable material. It
may be used in conjunction with cocoa fibre, Mexican, or other suitable
fibre, or a mixture of the same as found most convenient in order to
obtain the requisite stiffness and elasticity for the purpose required.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED IN TRANSMITTING WRITTEN OR PRINTED COMMUNICATIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones Menzies at the
.
$
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou
the 14th January 1871.-A communication from abroad by
Edmund Morris, of Burlington, New Jersey, in the United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM JONES MENZIES, of Saint Helen's, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of ny said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED IN TRANSMITTING WRITTEN OR PRINTED
COMMUNICATIONS," a communication to me from abroad by Edmund
Morris, of Burlington, New Jersey, in the United States of America, to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiarly folded and gummed slip of paper
for receiving a name and address on one part and a written or printed.
communication on another portion, such communication being concealed
from view during transit. The piece of paper consists of an oblong
strip folded transversely across the middle, so that the two halves may
be brought close together. The address is to be written on the outer
face of the left hand half when folded, and the message or communication
is written or printed on the inner face of the right-hand half or vice

page_text: versa; the two halves are then secured together round their three sides
by adhesive cement with which one or other of the two halves has been
furnished for that purpose, a notch or recess being formed on one edge
to facilitate the insertion of a penknife for the purpose of opening the
missive. One or more additional fly leaves may be secured by gum or
otherwise to the body of the slip of paper. It is proposed to have the
slips impressed with the Government postal stamp, and to make them of
the same size as the ordinary post cards now employed, which they
would resemble when gummed or secured, with this difference however
that they ensure the privacy of the communication.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE ALKALIES AND THEIR SALTS, AND THE TREATMENT OF METALLIC ORES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Crockford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
August 1871.
I, CHARLES CROCKFORD, of Holywell, in the County of Flint, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE ALKALIES AND THEIR SALTS, AND THE
TREATMENT OF METALLIC ORES," to be as follows:-
In a former Patent dated the 9th June 1871 for "Improvements in
the Production of the Alkalies and their Salts," I proposed to disolve
metallic oxides in caustic alkali and precipitate the metals as sulphides
with the sulphide of the metallic base of an alkali, which thereby
becomes converted into caustic alkali. I now propose to mix together,
either with or without heat, the caustic alkali, the sulphide of the
metallic base of an alkali, and the metallic oxide, producing the same
result, namely, metallic sulphide and caustic alkali.
The next part of my present Invention consists in using the hypo-
sulphide of the alkalies instead of caustic alkali with the metallic
oxides and the sulphide of the metallic base of an alkali, which is thereby
converted into caustic alkali; and, if necessary, the hyposulphite may

page_text: be extracted by crystallization or otherwise; or I expose the sulphide
of the metallic base of an alkali to the action of air free from carbonic
acid; or I otherwise impregnate it with oxygen, whereby it is con-
verted into caustic alkali and hyposulphite of an alkali, which I after-
wards separate by crystallization or otherwise.
In treating metallic ores I obtain metallic oxides therefrom by
treating them, either before or after calcination according to the nature
of the ore, with pyroligneous acid; and I precipitate the oxides of the
metals with lime or other alkali or salt of an alkali, according to the
description of acetate I wish to produce, and the metallic oxides so
produced are applicable to the purposes of the first part of my Inven-
tion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DARNING OR MENDING Socks, STOCKINGS, OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dutton Templer
Sparrow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
l'etition, on the 12th July 1871.
I, THOMAS DUTTON TEMPLER SPARROW, of Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, Brush and Bicycle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DARNING OR MENDING
Socks, STOCKINGS, OR OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the arrangement of apparatus whereby
articles such as socks or stockings may be quickly repaired or
strengthened in parts which require strengthening, and consists in the
preparation of a wooden or metallic surface on which the sock or other
article to be strengthened or repaired is drawn, the part requiring repair
or strengthening to be brought over the surface which is in regular
lines or corrugations. The part of the article to be repaired or
strengthened is then forced into the lines or indentations by means of
a series of pins or wires mounted in a handle or frame, by which
means a series of ridges will be held so exposed that they can be
passed through by a needle or row of needles at one operation without

page_text: any difficulty. The surface is then reversed, the same operation taking
place in opposing lines, when the needle or needles having been again
employed the article will have the two series of stitches taking into
each other and the material to be operated upon in the usual way,
much time and trouble being thus saved in the operation, and a more
regular effect being produced than is usually attained by ordinary hand.
labor.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lorberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1871.
I, WILLIAM LORBERG, of Cricklewood, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
I make a solution of gluten in caustic alkali, and thoroughly incorporate
the same with the soap to the extent of ten per centum, more or less,
which imparts to the soap so treated a great amount of emollient or
softening properties. The incorporation of gluten with soap is appli-
cable to any kind of soap, and may be performed during the so called
remelting process, or in the original process of manufacture immediately
after saponification has taken place.
The solution of gluten I make in the following manner, viz., to a
solution of caustic soda or caustic potassa of about twenty degrees Baumé
I add as much bran or gluten derived from any other source as it will
take up, after some hours digestion the mass becomes clear and homo-
geneous; I then strain it through a fine sieve or coarse cloth, and of
this liquid I add to the soap in the proportion above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, PULVERIZING, OR LEVIGATING CERTAIN SOLID SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MIXING OR AGITATING LIQUIDS OR LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS TOGETHER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Balmain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1871.-A communication from abroad by William
Jones Menzies, residing at New York, in the United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BALMAIN, of St. Helens, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING,
PULVERIZING, OR LEVIGATING CERTAIN SOLID SUBSTANCES, AND FOR MIXING OR
AGITATING LIQUIDS OR LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS TOGETHER," a communication to me
from abroad by William Jones Menzies, at present residing at New
York, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of machinery or apparatus
wherein the process of grinding, pulverising, or levigating, or of agitating
or mixing is conducted in a revolving cylinder or other convenient
vessel, and the peculiarity in the Invention consists in causing that
cylinder or vessel to be more or less floated in water or other liquid so as
to relieve it entirely or nearly so of the impediment in turning caused

page_text: by its weight, one of the advantages gained being an immense reduction
of friction. When desirable inverted bearings may be employed for
maintaining the cylinder or vessel in position.
In practically carrying out this Invention the cylinder (by preference
of metal) is floated in a reservoir of water, being kept clear of the
sides of such reservoir by having end trunnions or axes attached to
the cylinder and working in bearings, which in this case are inverted
inasmuch as their function is not to take the weight of the cylinder and
its contents (this being entirely borne by the water in the reservoir) but
simply to serve as guides in maintaining the cylinder in its proper
position. The said cylinder is fitted with a ring of spur teeth, into
which gears a spur pinion rotated by hand or by power for the purpose
of rotating the cylinder, or in lieu of spur gearing other well-known
mechanical contrivances may be adopted for rotating the cylinder.
Doors are provided in the cylinder for introducing or removing the
material to be operated upon or the substances already treated. By
adopting the system of supporting the main weight of the cylinder and
its contents by the buoyant power of water or other liquid the difficulty
of supporting and rotating such a heavy mass of material is entirely
obviated.