Improvements in Adding Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1392-Accepted, 7th Jan., 1893
Improvements in Adding Machines.
A communication from abroad by CHANDLER A. OAKES and JOHN H. JACKSON,
of Washington D.C., United States of America.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of No. 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of adding machines in which several uumbered
discs are actuated by a set of keys bearing numbers.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a device which will be more simple,
practical, and desirable for store service than those heretofore in use.
To this end the invention consists in the peculiar features and combinations of
parts more fully described hereinafter.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 represents an exterior perspective view of the device.
Fig. 2 represents a top view or plan, the casing being removed.
Fig. 3 a side elevation.
Fig. 4 a detail trausverse section through the cog-wheels for actuating the
numbered discs bearing the highest numbers.
Fig. 5 a section through 5-5 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 a vertical detail section through one of the gears, and
Fig. 7 a detail view of the fixed arm for carrying the pinions, forming a part of
the registering wheels.
On a base A is mounted a row of key-levers B, numbering from 1 to 9 inclusive,
representing units, and a second set of key-levers C, numbering from 10 to 100,
representing tens. The unit levers are fulcrumed on a horizontal fixed shaft D,
and the tens levers on a parallel shaft E, both shafts being mounted in vertical
standards F.
Extending transversely over the key-levers B, C and parallel with shafts D, E,
are two long wheel-actuating levers G and H, fulcrumed respectively on
standards and I, located on the right of the keys. Each of the long arms of
these levers is normally held up by means of a weight G, attached to their short
arms as more clearly seen in Fig. 1.
All of the key levers are of the second class, and are connected to the long
levers G, H, by vertical links J. These links have their lower ends pinjoined to
the key-levers, and their upper ends are provided with oblong slots, through
which the wheel-actuating levers G and H extend. Similar connecting links J'
are employed to connect the tens keys C.
The free end of the long arm of the wheel-actuating lever G is connected to a
ratchet arm L, by passing through an oblong slot L' therein, and the ratchet arm L,
is loosely pivoted on the wheel-shaft M and carries a pawl M³, which pawl engages
ratchet-teeth on wheel M fixed to shaft M.
The wheel M in turn carries a loose pawl N, pivoted to one of its spokes, and
placed to engage the ratchet-teeth on the ratchet wheel N",
The latter wheel N is actuated by the long lever H, the end of which is
connected to a vertically reciprocating rack O, moving in standards O¹. This rack
in turn engages a pinion L", on a sleeve O", cast integral with the ratchet
wheel N, revolving loosely on shaft M.
Adjoining the ratchet-wheel M, and centered on shaft M, is a stop-wheel P,
fixed on shaft M so as to revolve with the numbered unit wheel P¹. This stop

page_text: wheel is provided with ratchet-teeth which are engaged by a pawl Q on bar Q¹, on
the end of a rock-frame Q. The frame Q" is pivoted on a pivot R, located
below the keys.
The broad pawl on the bar Q1, Fig. 3, is bevelled to enter the notches between
the ratchet-teeth of wheels M and N", to lock the ratchet wheels and prevent
them from moving farther than necessary. And it is timed to commence entering
a notch at the beginning of the termination of the stroke upon any one of the tens
keys, and by the time the stroke is completed the pawl will go all the way into
the notch and lock the wheel against further movement, as represented by
dotted lines in Fig. 2. The pawl Q can be nicely adjusted to perform this
function by means of set-screws a, with which each key C is provided, as seen
in Figs. 2 and 3, and which extends down therefrom to the top of the front
bar Q of the frame Q, whereby the latter is actuated whenever one of the
keys C is depressed.
Adjoining the numbered unit wheel on the left; is a dollar wheel S, which is
actuated by internal mechanism like that described further on in connection with a
duplicate pair of numbered wheels for higher numbers.
On the left of the dollar-wheel S, and secured by a feather-key U₁ to rotate
with the shaft M, is placed a gear V, which has a limited lateral movement on said
shaft. This gear is to be alternately thrown in and out of engagement by lever b
with a pair of gear-wheels W, W', which actuate a numbered dollar-wheel X, and
a numbered wheel X1, representing hundreds of dollars.
The gear-wheel W, and numbered wheel X' are both fixed on a countershaft Y
(Fig. 2) and revolve together; and the intermediate gear W and numbered
wheel X are both connected to revolve together by a sleeve Z, fitting loosely on
shaft Y.
The gear-wheel W actuates the adjoining gear-wheel Won the right, by means
of a pair of pinions S and S, fixed on a shaft, the latter being carried in the
upper end of a fixed vertical arm T, on sleeve T", which sleeve in turn is fixed on
post T and forms a bearing for the countershaft Y.
Both pinions S and S have ten teeth. The pinion S" is engaged by a single
tooth d, on wheel W, and pinion S by an annular gear e, which contains one
hundred teeth, or ten times the number of teeth on the pinions. Hence it will be
seen that the left hand gear W is required to make one hundred revolutions and
revolve the pinions ten times in order to revolve the right-hand gear W₁ one
revolution. The gear W rotates with the dollar-wheel X, and the gear W with
the numbered wheel X, and any movement imparted to either of the gears, actuates
their respective numbered wheels. In other words, when gear W makes one com-
plete revolution, the tooth will engage pinions S" and move it one-tenth its
revolution, and being fixed on shaft Y it will rotate the other gears S, and moves
the gear Wand its numbered wheel X one-hundredth of a revolution, while the
gear makes a complete revolution.
The means for throwing the gear-wheel V to the right or left, for the purpose of
engaging and disengaging the gear-wheels W and W', consists of a lever b, pivoted
on a post in the casing A', which covers the principal part of the mechanism.
The inner end of this lever is provided with a forked end embracing a loose
collar V, so that the wheel V will be allowed to revolve freely.
Each of the four numbered wheels P, S, X, X', bear numbers from 0 to 99
inclusive, as in wheels common to this class of devices.
Each of the keys is provided with a retracting spring c, which is used to force
them back to their proper position when depressed.
To prevent the secondary wheels X, X' from moving too far by their own inertia,
a brake g is provided, which brake enters notches g' on the side of the gear W.
The preferred construction of the device having been set forth, I will now
proceed to describe its operation.
Assuming that the numbered wheels are all set at 0, the starting point, and it is
desired to indicate a certain sum of money, consisting of several different amounts,

page_text: such as twelve cents, twenty cents, and ninety cents, the total of these amounts can
be quickly indicated by depressing the key numbered 10, then the key numbered 2.
then 20, and finally 90, whereupon the total amount will be recorded and brought
before the sight-hole.
When the key numbered 10 is depressed, its downward movement lowers the
bar H, and rack O, thereby actuating pinion L" and ratchet wheel N". The
wheel N carries with it the adjoining wheel M", through the medium of spring-
pawl N.
The key 10 is so arranged in relation to the fulcrum of lever H, that it moves
the long arm of the latter the shortest distance of any of the keys of the tens series,
and just far enough to rotate the ratchet wheel and its shaft M, a distance equal to
ten points on the numbered wheel P¹.
At the termination of a stroke upon this or any of the other keys, the pawl on
the bar Qenters a notch on wheel P, which wheel, being fixed to the shaft M,
immediately arrests further movement of the numbered wheel, to prevent it from
registering too much.
The key 2 is next depressed, and lowers the long arm of lever G, which, through
the medium of pawl M, rotates wheel M a distance sufficient to advance the
numbered unit-wheel P¹ two points farther.
The sweep of lever G, when this key is struck, cannot advance the ratchet
farther than two points, owing to its limited movement.
At the termination of this second stroke, 12 will appear at the sight hole.
The next key to be depressed is 20, and it repeats the action of number 10, but
being nearer the fulcrum of the lever H, advances the ratchet-wheel N", and hence
the numbered wheel P¹, twenty points.
The key 90 is next depressed, and being still closer to the fulcrum K, moves the
long arm a greater distance, and therefore advances the ratchet and its numbered
wheel P ninety points further.
At this point the addition of ninety points to the thereby two already registered,
moves the wheel P1 just twenty-two points past a complete revolution, and advances
the dollar-wheel one point; so that the sum of one dollar and twenty-two cents is
now visible through the sight-hole.
As the primary wheels P¹ and S can only register as high as $99.99, the
secondary pair X, X' can be thrown into gear with them, by means of the lever, so
as to commence registering hundreds of dollars, in the manner previously described.
Should five dollars be required to be registered, it can be done by simply striking
the 100 key five times. For this key being the closest to the fulcrum K, will move
the lever the farthest, and it is so arranged and timed as to move the ratchet Na
complete revolution at every stroke.
Dated thin 14th 1 of 1 1900
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Adding Machines.
A communication from abroad by CHANDLER A. OAKES and JOHN H. JACKSON,
of Washington, D.C., United States of America.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of adding machines in which several numbered
discs are actuated by a set of keys bearing numbers.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a device which will be more simple,
practical, and desirable for store service than those heretofore in use.

page_text: To this end the invention consists in the peculiar features and combinations of
parts more fully described hereinafter and pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings filed with the Provisional Specification
Figure 1 represents an exterior perspective view of the device.
Figure 2 represents, a top view or plan, the casing being removed.
Figure 3 a side elevation.
Figure 4 a detail transverse section through the cog-wheels for actuating the
numbered dises bearing the highest numbers.
Figure 5 a section through 5-5 of Figure 4.
Figure 6 a vertical detail section through one of the gears, and
Figure 7 a detail view of the fixed arm for carrying the pinions, formning a part
of the registering wheels.
On a base A is mounted a row of key-levers B, numbering from 1 to 9 inclusive,
representing units, and a second set of key-levers C, numbering from 10 to 100,
representing tens. The unit levers are fulcrumed on a horizontal fixed shaft D, and the
tens levers on a parallel shaft E, both shafts being mounted in vertical standards F.
Extending transversely over the key-levers B, C, and parallel with shafts D, E,
are two long wheel-actuating levers G and H, fulcrumed respectively on standards I
and K, located on the right of the keys. Each of the long arms of these levers is
normally held up by means of a weight C', attached to their short arms.
All of the key-levers are of the second class, and are connected to the long
levers G, H, by vertical links J, J' respectively. These links have their lower
ends pinjoined to the key-levers, and their upper ends are provided with oblong
slots through which the wheel-actuating levers G and H extend.
The free end of the long arm of the wheel-actuating lever G is connected to a
ratchet arm L, by, passing through an oblong slot Li therein, and the ratchet
arm L, is loosely pivoted on the wheel-shaft M and carries a pawl M', which pawl
engages ratchet-teeth on wheel M" fixed to shaft M.
The wheel M" in turn carries a loose pawl N, pivoted to one of its spokes, and
placed to engage the ratchet-teeth on the ratchet-wheel N".
The latter wheel N" is actuated by the long lever H, the end of which is con-
nected to a vertically reciprocating rack O, moving in standards O'. This rack in
turn engages a pinion L", on a sleeve O", cast integral with the ratchet-wheel N",
revolving loosely on shaft M.
Adjoining the ratchet-wheel M", and centered on shaft M, is a stop-wheel P,
fixed on shaft M so as to revolve with the numbered unit wheel P¹. This stop-
wheel is provided with ratchet-teeth which are engaged by a pawl Q on bar Q', on
the end of a rock-frame Q. The frame Q" is pivoted on a pivot R, located below
the keys.
The broad pawl on the bar Q', Figure 3, is bevelled to enter the notches between
the ratchet-teeth of wheels M and N", to lock the ratchet-wheels and prevent
them from moving farther than necessary. And it is timed to commence entering
a notch at the beginning of the termination of the stroke upon any one of the tens
keys, and by the time the stroke is completed the pawl will go all the way into the
notch and lock the wheel against further movement, as represented by dotted lines
in Figure 3. The pawl Q can be nicely adjusted to perform this function by means
of set-screws a, with which each key C is provided, as seen in Figures 2 and 3, and
which extends down therefrom to the top of the front bar Q of the frame Qu
whereby the latter is actuated whenever one of the keys C is depressed.
Adjoining the numbered unit wheel on the left, is a dollar wheel S, which is
actuated by internal mechanism like that described further on in connection with a
duplicate pair of numbered wheels for higher numbers.
On the left of the dollar-wheel S, and secured by a feather-key U¹ to rotate with
the shaft M, is placed a gear V, which has a limited lateral movement on said
shaft. This gear is to be alternately thrown in and out of engagement by lever B
with a pair of gear-wheels W, W, which actuate a numbered dollar-wheel X, and
a numbered wheel X', representing hundreds of dollars.

page_text: The gear-wheel W, and numbered wheel X' are both fixed ou a countershaft Y
(Figure 2) and revolve together; and the intermediate gear W and numbered
wheel X are both connected to revolve together by a sleeve Z, fitting loosely on
shaft Y.
The gear-wheel W actuates the adjoining gear-wheel W₁ on the right, by means
of a pair of pinions S" and "", fixed on a shaft Y, the latter being carried in the
upper end of a fixed vertical arm T, on sleeve T", which sleeve in turn is fixed on
post and forms a bearing for the countershaft Y.
Both pinions S and S have ten teeth. The pinion S" is engaged by a single
tooth d, on wheel W, and pinion S by an annular gear e, which contains one
hundred teeth, or ten times the number of teeth on the pinions. Hence it will be
seen that the left-hand gear W is required to make one hundred revolutions and
revolve the pinions ten times in order to revolve the right-hand gear Wone
revolution. The gear W rotates with the dollar-wheel X', and the gear W¹ with
the numbered wheel X, and any movement imparted to either of the gears, actuates
their respective numbered wheels. In other words, when gear W makes one
complete revolution, the tooth d will engage pinions S and move it one-tenth its
revolution, and being fixed on shaft it will rotate the other gear S, and move
the gear Wand its numbered wheel X one-hundredth of a revolution, while the
gear makes a complete revolution.
The means for throwing the gear-wheel V to the right or left, for the purpose
of engaging and disengaging the gear-wheels W and W1, consists of a lever b,
pivoted on a post in the casing A', which covers the principal part of the
inechanism.
The inner end of this lever is provided with a forked end embracing a loose
collar V, so that the wheel V will be allowed to revolve freely.
Each of the four numbered wheels P, S, X, X', bear numbers from 0 to 99
inclusive, as in wheels common to this class of devices.
Each of the keys is provided with a retracting spring c, which is used to force
them back to their proper position when depressed.
To prevent the secondary wheels X, X' from moving too far by their own
inertia, a brake or detent g is provided, which enters notches g' on the side of the
gear W
The preferred construction of the device having been set forth, I will now
proceed to describe its operation.
Assuming that the numbered wheels are all set at 0, the starting point, and it is
desired to indicate a certain sum of money, consisting of several different amounts,
such as twelve cents, twenty cents, and ninety cents, the total of these aniounts can
be quickly indicated by depressing the key numbered 10, then the key numbered 2,
then 20, and finally 90, whereupon the total amount will be recorded and brought
before the sight-hole.
When the key numbered 10 is depressed, its downward movement lowers the
bar H, and rack O, thereby actuating pinion L" and ratchet-wheel N". The
wheel N carries with it the adjoining wheel M", through the medium of
spring-pawl N.
The key 10 is so arranged in relation to the fulcrum of lever, that it moves
the long arm of the latter the shortest distance of any of the keys of the tens
series, and just far enough to rotate the ratchet-wheel and its shaft M, a distance
equal to ten points on the numbered wheel P¹.
At the termination of a stroke upon this or any of the other keys, the pawl
on the bar Q' enters a notch on wheel P, which wheel, being fixed to the shaft M,
mmediately arrests further movement of the numbered wheel, to prevent it from
registering too much.
The key 2 is next depressed, and lowers the long arm of lever G, which, through
he medium of pawl M', rotates wheel M a distance sufficient to advance the
umbered unit-wheel P' two points farther.

page_text: The sweep of lever G, when this key is struck, cannot advance the ratchet
farther than two points, owing to its limited movement.
At the termination of this second stroke, 12 will appear at the sight-hole.
The next key to be depressed is 20, and it repeats the action of number 10, but
being nearer the fulcrum of the lever H, advances the ratchet-wheel N¹¹, and
hence the numbered wheel P¹, twenty points.
The key 90 is next depressed, and being still closer to the fulcrum K, moves the
long arm a greater distance, and therefore advances the ratchet and its numbered
wheel P ninety points further.
At this point the addition of ninety points to the thirty-two already registered,
moves the wheel P¹ just twenty-two points past a complete revolution, and advances
the dollar-wheel one point; so that the sum of one dollar and twenty-two cents is
.now visible through the sight-hole.
As the primary wheels P1 and S can only register as high as $99.99, the
secondary pair X, X¹ can be thrown into gear with them, by means of the
lever i, so as to commence registering hundreds of dollars, in the manner previously
-described.
Should five dollars be required to be registered, it can be done by simply striking
the 100 key five times. For this key being the closest to the fulcrum K, will move
the lever the farthest, and it is so arranged and timed as to move the ratchet N
a complete revolution at every stroke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In an adding machine, the combination with the registering and ratchet-wheels,
of a pair of long levers engaging said ratchet-wheels and extending in a direction
substantially parallel to the axis of the wheels, key-levers for actuating the long
levers each of said key-levers having a link loosely connected thereto, and a slot
in the link which embraces the long levers, substantially as set forth.
2. In an adding machine, the combination with the registering and ratchet-wheels,
of a pair of long levers extending in a direction substantially parallel with the axis
of the said registering wheels and engaging said ratchet-wheels, key levers arranged
to actuate the long levers, whereby the registering wheels are rotated or partially
rotated, and a pivoted frame; a carry and stop pawl operating in conjunction with
"the same, substantially as described.
3. In an adding machine, the combination of a pair of long levers provided
with weights and connected to a set of ratchet wheels having their axes sub-
stantially parallel with the levers, said ratchet wheels being connected to co-operate
by means of pawls secured to one and engaging the other, a rack and pinion with
which one of the levers is connected, numbered discs or wheels actuated by said
ratchet-wheels, key-levers connected to the long levers by slotted links, and a
rock-frame provided with a pawl adapted to engage said ratchet wheels at the
termination of a stroke of one of the keys, all arranged and adapted to operate in
the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.
4. In an adding machine, primary registering and ratchet-wheels, a pair of long
levers engaging said ratchet-wheels and extending substantially parallel with the
axes of the registering wheels, key-levers actuating said long levers, in combination
with secondary registering wheels mounted on an independent shaft, and a gear-
wheel V connected to the primary wheels and provided with a lever for throwing
it in and out of engagement with the secondary registering wheels, substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1205