Improvements in Bale Band Fastenings and in Apparatus for Forming Parts of same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct.,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bale Band Fastenings and in Apparatus for
Forming Parts of same.
I, HINGSTON LINDON of Oriel Chambers 14 Water Street Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster Merchant and of Little Sutton in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements on my former patent No. 2007 dated
January 24th 1884. The form of bale fastening described therein, is found to be very
useful for raw material, such as cotton, wool, esparto, etcetera, and for coarse
manufactured goods, technically known as Jute goods, but not so suitable for finer
qualities of cloth, because the fastenings are liable to penetrate and indent them, and
thus injure them.
To obviate and guard against this I bend. the ends of the ties over, so as to form at
each end a loop of a flat oblong, triangular, or similar shape. When in position on
the bale, the loops are preferably on the inside of the bale tie, and are then passed
through a buckle and secured by means of flat pins or bars. The fastening when
made is much thinner than when round pins are used, and being flat does not injure
or indent the fabrics packed in the bale.
For the purpose of forming these loops I have two machines, either of which
may be used to form any shape of loop according to the shape of the sliding pin
round which the hoops are wound when the loops are being formed. The first of these
machines is a modification of the machine described in patent granted to me No. 2007,
24th January 1884 which may be described as mainly consisting of a cylinder formed
into a cam, revolving round a sliding cylindrical pin, which is free to revolve also.
After the loop has been formed round this pin, the reverse action of the handle is
made to actuate a lever which withdraws the pin and sets free the loop which retains
its shape, the pin being free to revolve, being cylindrical, but if a flat oblong,
triangular, or other similar shaped pin be used it cannot be allowed to revolve, or the
loop would not take its shape and the reverse action of the cam would unwind the
band from a pin which did not revolve, therefore, the sliding bar or pin must be
withdrawn by an independent lever. Machines on this plan wind up the bands from
the ends to form the loops. But in the second kind of machine about to be described
the ends of the bands are thrust through beyond the cam and turned up by it to
form the loops but the sliding bars can be withdrawn by the reverse action of the
handle as they are made to slide through a fixed core round which the cylindrical cam
or die is made to revolve and compress the band into a loop. In this No. 2 machine,
the sliding bar or pin does not revolve, and is made of the same shape as the loops it
is desired to form such for instance as a flat oblong, triangular, or other shape. The
sliding bar is made to slide through fixed central cores, the cam or die for forming the
loop itself, turning round the sliding bar. The revolving die is of course made so as
to form the shape of loop it is desired to produce. The sliding bar is shot into place
by means of a lever, one end of which bears against the face of a cam conveniently
fitted to the revolving die spindle. This lever is held against the face of the cam
by means of a spring.
The end of the bale tie is inserted under the sliding bar as far as it will go on
the die, until it comes against the adjustable stop or fence. The die is then caused to
revolve round the sliding bar, thus formning the loop in the bale tie. The machine
is reversed and the face of the cam now causes the lever to withdraw the spindle
from the loop, so as to enable it to be removed. The spindle is then released by the
cam, and it flies back into place by the recoil of a spring fitted to the lever. The
return movement being completed, the machine is ready for the reception of a fresh
D
17

page_text: bale tie end. To facilitate the insertion of the band end between the sliding bar
and the revolving die, the sliding bar is counterpoised, so as to caused its edge to
be raised, and thus the end of the band is prevented from butting against it.
In order that the machine may work as easily as possible the side face of the
cam is made sloping so that the sliding bar may be drawn back gradually. During
the forward revolution of the die, no movement of the sliding spindle takes place
but the lever being fitted with a spring catch, it mounts and slides over the
periphery of the cam as it revolves, and then shoots into place ready to be actuated
in withdrawing the sliding bar.
The buckles intended to be used with the flat pins are of several kinds mostly
of mild steel, the holes being punched, but they may be made also of cast steel such
as the Hadfield Steel, or some other alloy, steel and aluminium, etcetera, not hitherto
used for such a purpose.
The first shape similar to the ordinary square steel buckle used in the first patent
having one hole for both loops.
The second shape is to have two holes, one for each loop, having a horizontal
bar across, under which the ends of the flat loops may find a support when using
wide bands thus preventing the pins from becoming bent.
The third is one in which the bar in the buckle would be longitudinal, enabling
a wide split band to be used or two narrower bands, the dividing bar forming a
support to the flat pin and keeping it from bending.
Besides these, which may be either cast or punched I contemplate using buckles
made of separate pieces of metal fastened together in the same manner as the
bands are secured, namely, by bending short lengths of steel round pins either
round, square, or flat, these pins may be retained in position by headslike nails or
in flat pins by punching out a small piece from the sides at each end of the pins,
so as to form a place or places for the bands and thus prevent the pins from falling
out. I propose also to cut a piece of rolled steel band, say 24 inches wide and of
No. 17 wire guage into a shape like a letter H. By turning the ends of them round
the pins, a buckle is produced with a supporting bar across the middle. In using
the buckles with a perpendicular bar I purpose to do so either with two narrow bands
or with one wide band, having pieces cut out from the middle part so as. to form
two loops at each end, or, with a wide band having the ends split in the middle
sufficiently far to allow them to seperate as far as required without undue strain
through torsion, this operation is facilitated by the fact that when a flat band is cut
the sheared edges are distorted slightly by the pressure and the split portions seperate
themselves and curl away from each other. I propose to take advantage of this
peculiarity, to split bands at one end only, and by turning the split ends round a
piece of round or flat metal to form a buckle of the band itself, the other end of the
band being turned into a loop, either for a round, flat, or triangular pin.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1888.
HAROLD H. LINDON,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bale Band Fastenings and in Apparatus for
Forming Parts of same;
I HINGSTON LINDON of Little Sutton in the County of Chester Merchant do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements on my former Patent No. 2007 dated
January 24th 1884. The form of bale fastenings described therein, is found to be
very useful for raw material such as cotton, esparto, etc., and for coarse manufactured
goods, technically called "jute goods," but, not so suitable for finer qualities of
manufactured goods, such as calicoes, cloth, paper, etc., because owing to the round

page_text: form of the pins, the fastenings are found liable to indent and penetrate, and so
damage the wrappers and contents of the bales.
To obviate and guard against this I bend the ends of the ties over, so as to form
at each of the ends thereof, a loop of a flat, oblong, triangular, or other similar shape,
according to the form of the mandril used in the machine.
When in position on the bales, the loops are preferably placed on the inside of the
bale-tie, and are then passed through one of the buckles as herein after described and
shown, and secured by means of flat, or, other shaped, pins or bars. The fastening s0
formed is thinner than that described in my former aforesaid patent, and being flat
does not injure the fabrics packed in the bale.
For the purpose of forming these loops, I have two machines, either of which may
be used to form any shape of loop according to the shape of the sliding pin round
which the hoops are wound when the loops are being formed.
The first of these two machines is a modification of the machine described in
patent No. 2007 of 1884, which essentially consists of a cylinder formed into a
cam, revolving round a sliding cylindrical pin, which is free to revolve also. After
the loop has been formed round this pin, the reverse action of the handle is made
to actuate a lever which withdraws the pin, and sets free the loop, which retains its
shape; but, in the modified form of this machine, the pin being of other shape than
cylindrical, such as flat, oblong, triangular, or other similar shape, it cannot be
allowed to revolve, or, the loop would not take its shape, and the reverse action of
handle and cam would unwind the band from a pin which could not revolve; therefore
the sliding bar, or pin, must be withdrawn by an independent lever, whilst the cam
remains at rest.
Machines on this plan wind up the bands from the ends to form the loops, which
loops are brought round into a hook-shaped die placed underneath the cam. But in
the second of the two machines before mentioned, and now about to be described, the
ends of the bands are thrust through beyond the cam, and turned up by it to form
the loops, and the sliding bars can be withdrawn by the reverse action of the handle
as they are made to slide through a fixed core, on and round which the cylindrical
cam or die revolves, and compresses the band into a loop over the sliding bar or
pin, which does not revolve, and is made of the same shape as the loop it is
desired to form, such as for instance a flat, oblong, triangular, or other similar shape.
The revolving die is of cource made so as to form the shape of the loop it is
desired to produce. The sliding bar is shot into place by means of a lever, one end
of which bears against the face of a cam, similar, to the one described in my former
patent No. 2007 of 1884 aforementioned, conveniently fitted to the revolving die.
This lever is held against the face of the cam, by means of a spring, and is thrown
off by the reverse action of the handle actuating a cain etcetera as described in my
aforesaid former patent.
The mode of working these two aforedescribed machines, is then, the same as that
of the machine described in my aforesaid former patent, except that in the
first machine herein described it is necessary to withdraw the sliding bar by
means of a separate lever before returning the handle to the position for turning a
fresh band.
The buckles to be used are of several kinds, and the whole invention is best
described by aid of the accompanying drawings
:-
Figure 1, is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the modified form of the machine
described in my former aforesaid patent No. 2007 of 1884, shewing the hook-shaped
die as described herein.
Figures 2, and 3, are views of the ends of the hoops as they leave the
machines.
Figure 4, is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the machine having the mandril
sliding in a fixed central core, round the axis of which the cam or die revolves.
Figures 5, 8, and 9, are longitudinal sectional views of buckles made by the
aid of the afore described machines from pieces of hoop, or other suitable metal, in
combination with pieces of rod-iron, or steel, of section as required.

page_text: Figures 6, and 10, plan views of same, made from H shaped pieces of hoop, or
other suitable metal.
Figures 7, and 11, plan views of same, made from plain pieces of hoop, or other
suitable.metal.
Figures 12, and 14, longitudinal sectional views of solid metal buckles having
projecting ridges on one side.
Figures 13, and 15, plan views of same.
Figures 16 and 18 longitudinal sectional views of hoops having one end thereof
split, so as to form, with a pin in combination with the turned up ends thereof, a self
contained buckle.
Figures 17, and 19 plan views of same.
In the first machine figure 1, A, is the bearing in which the cam B revolves. O, is
the mandril or sliding bar; D, the fence, or stop, to regulate the length of band to be
turned, E, a roller against which the end of the band catches and is turned down
over the point of the cam; F, a pivotted table to guide the band on to the flat face
of the cam B. The band being placed in position with the end thereof against D,
the cam is revolved in the direction of the arrow, by means of the handle I, or
otherwise, when the band coming against the roller E, the end is bent down over b
and passing on, is wound onto the mandril C the motion being continued till C. comes
into the hook-shaped die, G, which at the same time is pressed upwards by the
spring H. The motion being completed, the cam is slightly reversed and the
sliding bar or mandril withdrawn by a separate lever, the band is released and
the handle and mandril being returned to the first position as soon as the band is
free, the machine is ready for a fresh band.
In the second machine figure 4, A, is the bearing in which the cam or die, B,
revolves, is the fixed core, round the axis of which, the said cam or die B revolves
and through which the mandril or sliding bar D works. E, is the fence, or stop,
to regulate the length of hoop to be turned. F is a solid table, which may be
slightly varied in detail so as to aid the production of different forms of loops
according to the shape of the mandril used. The band being passed between the
mandril D, and the table F, till the end thereof rests against the stop *E.
The cam B, is revolved in the direction of the arrow; by means of the handle G,
or otherwise, till the flat face of the camb presses the band round the mandril D
onto the surface of the table f; the loop being then formed the reverse action of
the handle withdraws the mandril, in the same manner, as in the machine described
in my former aforesaid patent No. 2007 of 1884,.and the machine is ready to receive
a fresh band.
The forms of loop shown at figures 2, and 3, are the more common forms of loop
required to be made; but, as has already been stated, loops of other shapes may be
formed by varying the form of the mandril in the machine. It is intended that such
loops should be used in combination with buckles such as are shewn at figures 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19, and which are now about to be
described.
To form the buckles shown at figures 6, and 10, a piece of hoop, or other suitable
metal, is cut into the form of the letter H, the ends are then turned over into loops,
by means of one of the aforementioned machines, into which loops a pin is inserted,
and secured, in the case of buckles such as figure 6, by having a tab A, of the metal
pressed into a hole proviously punched in the pin near each end to correspond; or by
cutting slots on the edges at each end of the pins into which the whole width of the
metal may be forced, and in the case of buckles which have round pins, such as.
figure 10, by having heads B, on each end of the pins.
To form the buckles shown at figures 7, and 11, equal lengths of hoop, or other
suitable metal, are dealt with in the same manner as the H piece, in the two previously
described buckles figures 6, and -10.
In the manufacture of these aforesaid buckles, the shape of the pins may be varied
to suit different requirements. To form the fastening a bale tie has its ends bent
into loops, as for instance figure 3, and passed through a buckle, a pin of flat, or of

page_text: other shape, is then passed through each loop, so as to project on either side of the
loop, and bear on the parts of the buckle C figures 5 to 11, and against the shoulders d,
an exactly similar position being taken by the buckle with regard to the loops the
whole fastening binds and so prevents slipping, the same is the case in fastenings
shown at figures 16, 17, 18, and 19, to be hereafter described.
The kind of buckle shown at figures 12, 13, 14, and 15, are solid metal, that is to
say not made up of parts, and may be cast or punched of steel, such as Hadfield steel,
or some other alloy, steel and aluminium etcetera, not hitherto used for such a purpose.
Owing to the forms of loop to be used, being other than round it is found that unless
there is some support to the ends of the pins, or the bands at the shoulders d figures 2,
and 3, the edges of the buckles and pins act as shears, and cut through the band at
the part of the band which lies between them. This is overcome by casting, or
puncbing, buckles so as to have traverse projections 1 figures 12, to 15, against which
the shoulder d of the loop may find a bearing.
The bale ties shown at figure 16, to 19, are formed by dividing one end of a band
into two parts for some distance from the end, and turning a loop of the kind, here in
before described, on each of the two parts and securing a suitable pin in the said
loops in the same manner as has been here in before described when speaking of
the manufacture of the buckles, figures 5, to 11. This being done, the other end
should be turned into a suitable loop having its projecting side on the same side of
the bale-tie as the loops which contain the fixed pin. The fastening is effected by
passing the loop through between the two parts of the divided end of the band, and
inserting a pin therein, in the same manner as if a buckle such as is here in before,
described and shown, had been used.
In placing these ties on the bales it is preferable that the projecting sides of the
loops should be on the inside between the bale-tie and the bale.
In addition to the advantages already recited the following deserve to be
mentioned:
The buckles mostly consist of different pieces of rolled steel of the same kind and
substance as the bands, and therefore are stronger than punched buckles made of
thicker metal, it being well known that the tensile strength of steel wire does not
diminish in proportion to the diminution of the size of the wire, and the same law
governs rolled steel bands.
That, as it important to obtain a thin flat fastening: to form thin flat loops in
the bands, would be of no avail, if used with thick flat buckles, which would defeat
the object in view, which can be attained by using thin buckles manufactured of
similar inetal to that used in the bands.
In the case of the buckles made from H blanks, the cross bar in the middle is not
only a support to the buckle, but it allows of the use of wide thin bands with
correspondingly long thin flat pins, the loops of the bands extending under the cross
bar, which would support them and prevent the pins from bending,
In the case of the split band forming a tie with one loop at the opposite end,
there is but one pin to insert to effect the fastening, instead of two, as with
buckles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The manufacture and use of a modified form of the machine described in my
former patent No. 2007 of 1884, having for its especial feature, the use of a hook-
shaped die into which a mandril, with the band wound on it, can be pressed to give
form to the loop; and the use of mandrils of varied forms as is here in before
described and shown.
2nd. The manufacture and use of a machine having for its especial feature two
fixed central cores (through one of which the mandril slides) and round the axis of,
and on, which the compressing cam revolves; together with the use of mandrils, of
varied form, as is here in before described and shown.

page_text: 3rd. The product of the afore mentioned machines, that is such loops as are
produced by either of the afore mentioned machines.
4th. The aforesaid product of the afore mentioned machines in combination with
a buckle of the kind, or kinds, herein before described and shown.
5th. The manufacture and use of buckles made from H.shaped pieces of hoop, or
metal, in combination with pins as is hereinbefore described and shown.
6th. The manufacture and use of buckles made from strips, or hoops, of metal in
combination with pins as is herein before described and shown.
7th. The manufacture and use of buckles, cast, punched, or otherwise formed,
having two or more transverse ridges on one side thereof against which the shoulders
of the loops may bear, so as to overcome the shearing incidental to plain punched
buckles.
8th. The manufacture and use of bale-ties having one end thereof split so as to
form, when turned, in combination with a pin, a buckle, through which a suitable
loop turned on the other end, and projecting on the same side of the band, may he
passed, and secured by means of a pin substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 92nd day of July 1839
HAROLD H. LINDON,
Little Sutton, Chester, Agent for the Applicant.