IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GEORGE MACAULAY-CRUIKSHANK of 135, Buchanan Street Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus for raising
water and other liquids, is a further development of the Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the 27th day of March 1882,
Number 1454, and it consists,
First, in improved arrangements of the valves for admitting air at the base of
the pipes or tubes by which the water or other liquid is raised.
Second, in improved modes of automatically governing the conducting of air to
the apparatus.
Third, in an automatic system of admitting to the apparatus the air necessary
for its action.
Under the first part of the Invention the central valve for admission of the
liquid to the elevator tubo or pipe is arranged in practically the same manner as
heretofore; but in conjunction with the said valve, two valves at the lower
extremities of the air admission pipes are seated in a plate, extending across the
valve box, which plate also serves as the seat of the central or liquid admission
valve.
In order to give a sufficient area to the air valves without unduly increasing the
dimensions of the valve box, the said air valves are elongated and they are cach
situated within a casing the height of which is, or may be, greater than the
maximum lift of the central liquid valve.
In order that the area of the air pipes may be equal to that of the air valves
they are preferably flattened or formed of an elongated shape in transverse section.
The said pipes extend upwards a sufficient distance above the valve box, where they
are connected to an annular box or casing surrounding the elevating pipe or tube
Die C21

page_text: for the liquid and which is furnished with a branch connected by an india rubber
or other flexible pipe or hose to an air pump or compressor or to the air governor or
regulator hereinafter described.
The air may be forced by a pumping apparatus consisting of two barrels the
pistons or plungers of which are hollow and furnished at their bases with valves
opening inwards, the said pistons working through stufling boxes to prevent
escapement. Each barrel of the pump has a branch furnished with a valve opening
inwards and the two barrels are connected together by a pipe at or near the centre
of which a barrel or branch is made. In the said sides of the barrel or branch, and
below the pipe, lateral openings are formed, and a pendulum or plunger, formed
with fliers at its lower end and at its upper end connected to a ball governor, is so
situated in the barrel or branch and actuated that when raised the air, or a portion
of it, cscapes through the lateral openings.
The hollow pistons or plungers are connected to the air tubes, hereinbefore
described, and tho admission of air to the said pipes is thus, in accordance with
the second part of this Invention, automatically governed. Instead of being forced
by pumps the air may be drawn in by the partial vacuum produced at each
oscillation or vertical movement of the liquid elevators, in which case the governing
arrangement herein before described regulates the area of the air passage and the
india rubber or other flexible hose or pipe in the said case instead of being
connected to the plunger of the pump is connected to a chamber having orifices in
it for the admission of the air and thio area of which is regulated by the pendulum
or plunger.
In accordance with the third part of this Invention in order to regulate the
admission of air without the employment of any special mechanical arrangement
the partial vacuum produced under the valve for admission of the liquid is utilized
and the valve box is furuished at its lower end with a pipe extending down into
the liquid to be raised, which also obviates the shock and eddy caused by the
repeated immersion of the valve box in the liquid.--
Under one method of carrying out this part of the Invention the air tube is
connected at the base of the valve box and below the liquid valve, and it is
furnished with a cock or valve by which the area of the air passage may be
accurately determined. In conjunction with the cock an indicator is or may be
employed to show the exact area of air passage open.
Under another arrangement the air tubes or pipes may be dispensed with, and a
series of holes or orifices formed around the pipe projecting downwards from the
lower end of the valve box near the water level, and in such a manner that at each
ascent and descent of the elevating tubes these orifices are alternately opened and
closed to admit and cut off the passage of air into the apparatus.
Under another arrangement the pipe projecting downwards from the valve box
may work through a stufling gland in the upper end of a straight or curved
stationary pipe, whose lower end is furnished with a rose and situated constantly
in the liquid, air being admitted through a pipe furnished with a cock or valve as
bereinbefore described.
Under another mode of regulating the quantity of air admitted, a narrow
vertical slot may be made in the liquid elevating pipe, which slot is bevelled at its
lower end and opened and closed as desired by a plate sliding in guides or by n
sleeve surrounding the elevating pipe or tube.
Dated this vistoanth day of 1001

page_text: I, GEORGE MACAULAY-CRUIKSHANк of 135, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in apparatus for raising
water and other liquids, is a further development of the Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date the 27th day of March 1882
N° 1454 and it consists,
First in improved arrangements of the valves for admitting air at the base of the
pipes or tubes by which the water or other liquid is raised.
Second-in improved modes of automatically governing the conducting of air
to the apparatus.
Third in an automatic system of admitting to the apparatus the air necessary
for its action.
The drawings annexed hereto represent these improvements :-
==
As seen by figures 1, 2, and 3, the central valve a, for admission of the liquid to
the raising tube or pipe e, is arranged in practically the same manner as heretofore
but in conjunction with the said valve two valves b, at the lower extremities of the
air admission pipes h, are seated in a plate c, extending across the valve box d,
which plate also serves as the scat of the central or liquid admission valve a.
To give sufficient area to the air valves b, without unduly increasing the
dimensions of the valve box d, the said air valves aro elongated as seen at figure 2,
and they are each situated within a casing g, the height of which is or may be
greater than the maximum lift of the central liquid valve a, The object of the
said casings is to prevent the immediate access to the valves b, of the liquid
projected horizontally as it leaves the valve opening at a, and which without this
arrangement would oppose the admission of the air.
In order that the area of the air pipes h, may be equal to that of the air valves b,
they are preferably flattened or formed of an elongated shape in transverse section
as seen at figure 2. The said pipes extend upwards to a distance above the valve
box d, where they re-unite in a ring or casing i, which surrounds the elevating
pipe or tube e, The said ring or casing is furnished with a branch j, connected by
an india rubber or other flexible pipe or hose k, either to an air pump or compressor
or to the air governor or regulator hereinafter described.
In this system of apparatus it is of the greatest importance to govern in a
manner as regular and uniform as possible the quantity of air constantly injected
and this is effected either by the action of the partial vacuum resulting from the
operation of the apparatus or by pumps actuated by motive power. The systems
of regulating adopted by preference and which are represented on the drawings
are based first on the employment of an ordinary governor arranged in such a way
as at the desired times to permit of the escape of a portion of the air forced by the
pumps and second to simply vary the area of the air entrance when the introduction
is effected by the partial vacuum produced in operation.
As shown by the arrangement figure 4, the air is forced by a pumping apparatus
consisting of two barrels A, the pistons or plungers B, of which are hollow, and
furnished at their bases with valves C, opening inwards the said pistons working
through stuffing boxes D, to prevent escapement. Each barrel of the pump has a
branch E, furnished with a valve F, opening inwards and the two barrels are

page_text: connected together by a pipe C, at or near the centre of which a cylindrical barrel
or branch I, is made. In the sides of the said barrel or branch and below the
pipe G, openings are formed and a valve H, formed with fliers at its lower end and
at its upper end connected to a ball governor R, is so situated in the barrel or
branch I, and actuated by the motion of the apparatus that when raised the air
or a portion of it escapes through the said openings.
The air introduced into the barrels A, of the pump when the pistons B, are
raised being compressed by the descent of the said pistons opens the valves c, and
enters the interiors of the pistons themselves from whence it is distributed to the
pipes, figure 1, and by them into the valve box d, of the elevating pipe e,
Movement is or may be transmitted to the hollow pistons B, by the same crank
which actuates the elevators e, or by other mechanism as preferred.
The apparatus thus arranged it will be understood that when the speed becomes
too great the balls of the governor R, move outwards and lift the valve H, thus
permitting a portion of the air compressed by the pumps to escape through the
holes in the branch I, The volume of air forced into the elevator pipes e, is thus
diminished and the motor thereon encountering increased resistance the speed is
slackened, the balls of the governor reapproach, and the valve H, shutting off all
exit for the air through the branch I, the air then flows in greater volume to the
base of the elevator pipes c.
The action of the apparatus is thus automatically regulated. Any approved
forin of governor other than that shown may be employed to act in the manner
described.
When the air is drawn in by the partial vacuum produced at the base of the
tubes c, during their movement the operation of the governor hereinbefore described
has simply for its object to vary the area of the air passage. This arrangement is
illustrated at figure 3 of the drawings. Under it the india-rubber or other flexible
hose or pipe, connected to the brauch j, is also connected to a chamber or casing 1,
placed under the governor-which-according to the speed determines the displace-
ment of a valvo so arranged as to uncover, more or less, small-orifices-around_the_
chamber and through which the exterior air penetrates into the apparatus.
In accordance with the third part of this Invention in order to regulate the
admission of air without the employment of any special mechanical arrangement
the partial vacuum produced under the valve for admission of the liquid is utilized
and the valve box is furnished at its lower end with a pipe extending down into
the liquid to he raised which also obviates the shock and eddy caused by the
repeated immersions of the valve box in the liquid.
Figures 5, 6, and 7, of the drawings represent various modes which may be
adopted for carrying this improvement into effect. Under the method shown at
figure 5; A, represents the liquid elevator tube, B, the valve box, C the continuation
of the elevator tube, D. the air inlet tube, which is connected at the base of the
valve box B, and below the liquid inlet valve F, and it is furnished with a cock or
valve E, by which the area of the air passage may be determined. In conjunction
with the cock an indicator is or may be employed to show the exact area of air
passage open. The air tube D, entering the apparatus under the valve F, tho
entrance of air is not impeded by the liquid contained in the tube A, and the
employment of pumps is thereby obvinted. By completely closing the cock E,
the starting of the apparatus is also facilitated.
It will be seen moreover that in this arrangement the length of the air tube D, is
immaterial, and that it is simply to facilitate command over the cock E, that it is
placed near the upper part of the apparatus, that is to say, at a point near the
mechanism employed to put the apparatus in motion and where it is easily
manipulated by the workman in charge.
In certain cases the employment of the tube D, may be dispensed with and
instead, as seen at figure 6, a series of holes G, may be made round the elevating
tube C, near the level of the liquid to be raised and so that in ascending these
orifices are elevated sufficiently high above the water level to permit exterior air to

page_text: pass into the tube, and again in descending swiftly into the liquid keep the pump
primed during the time it is stationary.
The line x, x, figure 6, represents the height at which it is convenient in practice
to place the orifices G, in relation to the level of the liquid in order that during
the movements of the elevator tube these orifices are alternately immersed as
at x, x, and emerged as at y, y. It is to be understood that the forms and
dimensions of these orifices and also the depth to which they are immersed at each
downward stroke of the apparatus may be varied.
It is further to be understood that the invention is not confined to the precise
arrangement shown for automatically introducing the air at a point below the
water inlet valve as it is manifest that the said arrangement is capable of
modification as for example the arrangement shown at figure 7, may be adopted
and in which all eddy in the liquid to be elevated is avoided by placing in the
liquid a stationary pipe J, terminated at its upper end in a stuffing box I, in which
the lower end of the vertically moving tube H, connected to the valve box B, of the
apparatus works.
The pipe J is or may be bent, and provided at its lower end with a rose K, this
very simple arrangement presents in certain cases considerable advantage by
permitting the elevating apparatus to be situated at any desired position abovo
and relatively with the liquid to be elevated.
Other very simple and very exact methods of regulating the quantity of air
desired to be introduced into the elevator tubes, are indicated at figures 8, 9),
10, & 11.
These methods, consist essentially in the arrangement on the air pipe of a
longitudinal slit for the purpose of allowing only the necessary volume of air for
its action to pass into the apparatus.
The slot supplies the place of the cock herein before referred to. It presents
very little breadth and the area of the passage for introduction of the air is
regulated either by a metallic plate movable in slides or by a sleeve sliding on
the air tube.
In the arrangement figures 8 & 9 the air tube A, is closed at its upper end and
it is made with a narrow slot B, terminated at its lower end with a bevelled edge.
On this slot is exactly fitted a metallic plate C, sliding between two guides D, and
furnished with a knob E, which permits it to be raised and lowered more or less
according to the length it is desired to uncover of the slot and consequently
according to the volume greater or less of air wished to be admitted to the
apparatus. By bevelling the lower part of the slot B, and by lowering the plate C,
sufliciently the volume of air admitted may be restricted as much as desired.
In the arrangement illustrated by figures 10, and 11, the air tube A, is al-o
furnished with a similar slot B, to that herein before described on which slides a
a ring or sleeve F', exactly adjusted on the tube A, and carrying at its upper part
a button G, by which it may be easily adjusted over the air passage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed as communicated to ine,
I declare that what I claim is,
First The arrangement of valves for admission of air to the valve box placed at
the base of the elevator tubes these valves being arranged at the same level as the
liquid admission valve but surrounded by a casing to protect them against the
direct horizontal action of the liquid flowing into the valve box substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Second-The system of automatically regulating the admission of air into the
apparatus by a governor and valve or their equivalents having for their object
either to provide for the escape below of a portion of the air when air pumps are
employed or to vary the area of the air ontrance when the current is induced by
the partial vacuum resulting from the operation of the elevator tubes, substantially
as described with reference to figures 3 and 4 of the drawings annexed.

page_text: Third The adaptation to the base of the valve box or to any point of the
elevating tube below the liquid admission valve of a tube for admission of air
furnished with a cock or valve permitting of exact regulation of the volume of
air admitted and capable of being completely closed during the stopping of the
apparatus substantially as described and shown by figures 5, 6, and 7, of the
innexed drawings.
Fourth-The arrangement for effecting the admission of air by means of a series
of orifices or holes made around the elevator tube at a point near the water level
and in such a manner that at each lift the orifices emerge from the liquid sufliciently
to permit the air to enter the apparatus substantially as described with reference
to figure 6, of the appended drawings.
Fifth The arrangement illustrated at figure 7, of the drawings and wherein the
prolongation of the elevator tube below the valve box works in a fixed tube having
a stuffing gland at its upper end and with or without a rose at its lower end
which may be carried to any desired distance from the elevator substantially as
described.
Sixth The system of regulating the admission of air and consisting essentially
in making the air tube closed at its outer extremity and with a narrow slot
terminated with a bevel, on which slot slides a closing plate adjusted between
guides or a sleeve substantially as described with reference to figures 8, 9, 10,
and 11, of the drawings.
Dated this Tonth doxe of Onisha. 1004