IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING APPARATUS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of the firm of
Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 10th December 1852.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of the firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING APPARATUS," communicated to me
by a foreigner, to be as follows:-
The nature of the Invention consists in exposing large evaporating
surfaces in a small space, and in extracting from the steam or other
gas employed to traverse such surfaces the whole of the caloric
contained therein. There are three cylindrical vessels, with vertical
tubes for the reception of the matters to be evaporated extending
about one half the height of the vessels. The tubes are surrounded

page_text: by steam in the first apparatus, and the steam produced by the
matters under evaporation passes around a series of tubes in the
second vessel, and the steam again generated in the second vessel
passes into the third. The matters under evaporation also pass
from the first into the second and third vessels. Evaporation is
assisted in the third, and even sometimes in the second, vessel by a
vacuum. These vessels are provided with supply tubes to convey
the liquid to be evaporated, with steam cocks for high pressure steam
from the boilers, and for low pressure steam coming from the
apparatus, with gauges to ascertain the level of the liquid under
evaporation, and glasses to see into the interior of the apparatus.
There are also cocks for supplying grease, vacuum gauges, ther-
mometers, test cocks; an air pump and condenser form part of the
apparatus.
Another improvement in evaporating apparatuses, where the
tubes are horizontal, consists in mounting tubes in a frame inside
the vessel, so that they can be taken out and replaced at pleasure, and
in only fixing one end of the tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 10th June 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord Onc thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto ine, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, iny executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN EVAPORATING APPARATUS," communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the saine to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the Drawings annexed (that is to say):
The Invention has for its object the construction of evaporating
apparatus in such manner that large evaporating surfaces shall be
exposed in a small space, and that the whole of the caloric contained
in the steam or other gas employed to heat such surfaces, shall be
extracted therefrom, and applied most effectually for the per-
formance of the evaporating process.
Figure 1, of the accompanying Drawings represents a front ele-
vation of an apparatus constructed according to the improvements;
Figure 2, is a plan of the saine; Figure 3, a vertical section on the
line A, B, of Figure 2; and Figure 4, a horizontal section on the
line C, D, of Figure 3. I, II, III; in Figure 1, are three cylindrical
vessels communicating with each other by means of the pipes a, a',
al, a, a, and all. A greater or less number of vessels might be
used;
but three are found to be most convenient and effective in
practical working. The pipe all, serves also to connect the three
vessels with a fourth vessel, VII, which serves to contain the liquid.
In the interior of the vessels I, II, and III, are fitted a series of

page_text: vertical tubes z, z, open at both ends, and inserted in two plates or
horizontal positions across the vessels; so that spaces y, y, are left
around and among the tubes for the circulation of steam or other
heating medium, the liquid to be evaporated occupying the interior
of the tubes z, z; b, and c, are steam cocks for the introduction of
high pressure steam from the generator, by which the evaporation
is mainly effected; d, is an escape valve for the low pressure steam
escaping from the apparatus; e, e¹, ell, ell, ellll, e11111, are gauges for
the purpose of ascertaining the level of the liquid operation; f, f',f¹¹,
fi, f, f, are glasses to see into the interior of the apparatus ;
9, 9, 9, are cocks for supplying grease for lubricating; h, h¹, h, are
cocks fitted to the safety columns IV, V, VI. The vessels I, II, and
III, communicate with each other through the medium of these
columns, which serve to convey the steam admitted into the first and
second vessels through the entire range, and also the vapour ascend-
ing from the matter under evaporation; k, k¹, k¹¹, are vacuum gauges ;
,,, thermometers; and m, m₁, m¹¹, test cocks; n, is a pipe lead-
ing from the vessel VII, for the ascent of the liquid into the eva-
porating vessels; o, is a steam pipe to the same vessel; P, p¹, p¹¹,
are pipes for the escape of condensed water from the vessels I, II,
III; 2,
is a pipe by which the vessel VII, communicates with the
condenser VIII; r, is the water cock of the condenser VIII; and 8,
a pipe leading to the air pump; t, t, 1, 1, are iron pillars for
supporting the apparatus on its bed plate; v, vl, v¹¹, Figure 2, are
lamps, and x, x¹³, ¹¹, man holes. In Figure 3, the interiors of the
vessels I, II, and III, are marked IX, X, and XI; and the hori-
zontal sections of the same in Figure 4, are marked XII, XIII, and
XIV. Steam is introduced into both the first and second vessels;
and the steam arising from the matters under evaporation passes
along with that thus introduced into each vessel in succession, where it
circulates around the tubes z, and heats the matters under operation,
and finally passes to the condenser. The matters to be evaporated
pass also through each of the vessels in succession, becoming more
and more concentrated at each successive stage. Evaporation is
assisted in the third, and sometimes even in the second vessel, by a

page_text: vacuum. Figure 5, is a section of an evaporating apparatus, in
which the tubes are placed horizontally. In this case, the tubes are
fixed at one end only, and are mounted in a frame inside the
vessel; so that they can be taken out and replaced at pleasure.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim in respect thereof is, the arrangements of evaporating appa-
ratus represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and in Figure 5, of the
Drawings annexed, and herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)