A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINATION TOOL FOR CUTTING, SHEARING, PUNCHING, RIVETTING, PRESSING, BENDING, STRAIGHTENING, AND UPSETTING METAL
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Alfred Barlow, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard,
London, Patent Agent and Engineer, for an Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMBINATION TOOL FOR CUTTING, SHEARING, PUNCHING, RIVETTING,
PRESSING, BENDING, STRAIGHTENING, AND UPSETTING METAL." A commu-
nication from abroad by Robert Bruno Jentzsch and Henry Zwanziger, both
of Vienna, Austria.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Alfred Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1880.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINATION TOOL FOR CUTTING,
SHEARING, PUNCHING, RIVETTING, PRESSING, BENDING, STRAIGHTENING, AND
UPSETTING METAL." A communication from abroad by Robert Bruno Jentzsch
and Henry Zwanziger, both of Vienna, Austria.
This Invention has for object to construct a machine which without being very
complicated is competent to perform all the principal manipulations of the black or
locksmith, sheet iron and other metal worker, requiring great physical force,
either singly or uniting all the parts required into one universal tool.
The principal and most important work which the machine should perform to
accomplish this purpose would be classified as follows:-(1) The cutting of rod, bar,
and flat metal; (2) the cutting of sheet and plate metal; (3) the punching of holes
and also pressing of saw teeth; (4) the rivetting of sheet, plate, or other metal;
(5) the pressing or swageing of hot iron or metal; (6) the bending and straightening
of metal; (7) the upsetting of metal, especially tyres; (8) the cutting off of hot iron
or metal
In the following description will be explained how all these different manipu-
lations may be performed with this machine.
The machine for cutting bar or rod metal is fitted for punching holes, for cutting
sheet metal, and also for bending or such like purposes.
It consists of peculiarly.

page_text: formed lever arms or double jaws, which with the flat surfaces of their cheeks bear
against each other, thus somewhat resembling a pair of tongs. These lever arms
or jaws are placed with their cheeks between two standards suitably fastened on to a
plate, which latter may be either of wood or metal. These standards, as well as the
cheeks of the lever arms or jaws, are provided with two or more corresponding
holes which serve for the reception of a bolt or pin forming the axis upon which
the said jaws work. These two or more holes, correspondingly placed at certain
distances from each other through the standards and cheeks, render it possible by
changing the bolt in them to obtain different lengths of jaw arms, thus getting at
will more or less leverage on either end of the machine. The bolt is provided with
nuts or keys for the purpose of drawing the stands and checks tightly together,
thus by aid of the large bearing surfaces of the checks giving the whole a
rigidity, which permits of no lateral movement. These two jaws are on their
extreme ends connected together by any suitable mechanism which will close
and open them, that is, draw them together and push them asunder again.
Near the checks of the jaws are the recesses into which fit the knives or cutters,
and on to the cheek of one jaw is fastened (cast or otherwise) a projection or
horn, in such manner as to stand out in front of and a little distance away from
the knives, so as to hold any object placed between them in a horizontal position
whilst being acted upon by these knives. To suit different dimensions of metal
one or more set screws may be fitted in to this horn so as to make the distance
between it and the knife edge changeable. With these cutters but bar, rod, or
flat metal can be cut, the length of cut being limited by the length of cutters, the
cheeks and standards not permitting of a pushing ahead of the metal to be cut.
To accomplish this the following apparatus is employed :-
Plate Shears. Through the standards passes a bolt, which besides holding these
together serves as the axis of two shear jaws of peculiar shape; the head or upper
jaw terminates in an arm, and the lower jaw also ends in an arm. At required
points in these upper and lower jaws a knife is inserted into the head, the same as
in any common shears. Following the direction of the cutting edge of the upper
jaw knife runs a groove through the neck of the head, having such depth that its
bottom is in line with the cutting surface of the knife, thus permitting the passage
of one part of the cut sheet or piece through it. Now in order to give sufficient
strength to the head thus grooved it is necessary to thicken it correspondingly on
the other side. This strengthening piece has the form of a wedge pointing to the
vertex of the angle formed by the cutting edges of the two knives. The upper
surface of this wedge has the same direction as the cutting edge of knife, thus
permitting the passage of the other part of the cut sheet or picce of metal over it.
On the arm of one jaw of the first described set of jaws and fixed to the same is a
lug or eye, and in the same manner a lug is provided upon the head of the other of
the said set of jaws. The first lug is connected to the arm of one of the jaws of
the second described set of jaws, with a bolt or pin passing through both, and in
the same way the other jaw is connected.
To make the moving of the two arms possible it is necessary that these
connecting bolts be movable in a slot either in the arm or in the lug through
which they pass.
Punching Apparatus.-The shearing parts of the first set of jaws are stout
short arms, or as they may be better called heads. They are laterally bent in such
manner as to bring their ends or faces exactly opposite each other.
In the upper head is a recess or hole serving for the reception of a punch or
other similar instrument, which is held there by a set screw. In the lower part
or head is also a recess or hole for receiving a die or similar tool corresponding to
the said punch or other such tool. Four set screws inserted in the lower head
serve to hold the die and to adjust it in exact juxtaposition to the punch or other
instrument inserted in the upper head. In the lower head from the centre of the
recess serving for the reception of the die runs an opening or hole through the said
head so forming an outlet for the pieces that are punched out of any piece of metal.

page_text: On the cheek of the first jaw is secured a fork which reaches over the holo in the
die. The holes in this fork, through which the screws pass that serve to fasten
it on to the cheek, are longitudinal so as to permit of raising or lowering the fork
to suit any thickness of metal to be punched. This fork serves to strip off the
metal adhering to the punch after a hole has been made.
Bending Apparatus.-At the inner ends of the arms of the jaw levers are lugs
cast on or otherwise fastened thereto on opposite sides close in front of the cutter
recesses, that is, in the direction towards the ends of the levers, for reception of the
suitably formed bending blocks.
Apparatus for Pressing or Punching out Saw Teeth.-Fitted to the lower head
there is a band or strap fastened with screws. From this strap project arms which
carry a plate or table fastened upon them, and being of the same height and level
as the die of the punching apparatus. A straightedge is adjustable upon the said
table by guide screws which run in slots in the table. The hole in the die has the
shape of any desired saw tooth, and the punch is formed correspondingly.
At one
side of this hole in the die rests upon the latter a bolt or catch whose head or point
has also the form of the desired tooth. The distance of this catch from the hole is
the desired distance between two teeth. This catch is guided in a small bearing
which is adjustably fastened upon the rim surrounding the recess in the head in
which the die rests. Should this one bearing prove insufficient a second one may
be fastened upon the head right behind the first.
Below the fork there is a spring fastened upon a pin rigidly inserted into this
fork.
This spring bears against a pin in the catch so as to always push the latter
ahead. The straightedge is set to the proper width of the blade and parallel to
the straight inner side of the hole in the die. Now after one tooth has been
pressed the workınan employed at the job has only to take care to always hold the
saw blade with its back edge tightly against the straightedge; he pushes the binde
ahead; the slanting edge of the tooth already pressed bears against the slanting
edge of catch, pushing it back until its point passes over the point of the tooth
just pressed, a spring pressing the catch forward again and holding the blado ready
for pressing another tooth, and so on. To use the same apparatus for circular saws
it is only necessary to insert into the straightedge a pin which will serve as a
pivot for the blade to turn upon. Then the straightedge, and with it the pin or
pivot, is adjusted to the proper distance from the die hole. The bearing of the
catch, which, as has been already said, is adjustable (by means of proper
longitudinal bolt holes), is fastened with the catch in a radial position to the
circular blade, and all is ready for proceeding.
Upsetting and Forging.-The machine for these purposes is constructed
substantially like the one before described, only in addition to the parts before
mentioned there is the device for upsetting and a tool for forging or pressing fitted
to it.
Upsetting Apparatus.-On both sides of the upper and lower heads of the jaw
levers are cast, or otherwise suitably fastened, strong cheeks, viz., two cheeks on
each head. Corresponding cheeks project over the heads to a certain distance and
serve for the reception of toothed steel plates. The other cheeks do not project
over the heads, only above and below so much as the difference between the
straight vertical surface of the cheeks and the bent surface of the head requires.
In each of these cheeks are holes (one or more in each) into which fits a pin or
pivot of an eccentric, which on its eccentric edge is toothed like the plates before
described.
Each of these two eccentrics may be turned upon its pin or pivot, and is for this
purpose provided with handles. By turning these eccentrics the spaces between
their toothed edges and the toothed surfaces of the steel plates may be lessened or
enlarged. In this manner any object (bar, tyre, or the like) may be grasped tightly
between them and easily released again. When there are more than one hole in
each of the cheeks they must be placed at. different distances from the toothed

page_text: steel plates so as to permit, by changing the excentrics in them, of the introduction
of pieces greatly varying in size.
Swage Forging or Pressing.-This is simply effected by means of swages (top and
bottom tool) which, instead of punch and die, are inserted into the heads
respectively. Instead of striking the top swage with the hammer, as usually
done, it is intended to use the leverage of my machine to secure the desired
result.
Rivetting Apparatus.-This is fixed on to shear heads, similar to those of the
plate shears already described, and may be constructed as a rivetting machine alone
or as such and plate shears combined. The heads of this apparatus are similar to
those first described, with the difference that the groove mentioned in the
foregoing description of head is in these heads considerably deeper, in order to
allow two strips or parts of metal not only to pass edge to edge, but to allow them
to overlap each other to a certain breadth. Upon the greatest desired breadth of
this lap depends the depth of the groove. Still, this breadth is in a certain way.
limited, as in making the groove too deep the neck of the heads would become
so much weakened as not to be able to stand the pressure or strain upon it when
a rivet head, is being made. This difficulty partly overcome by sufficiently
strengthening the neck on the other side, and in this manner sheets or pieces may
be rivetted which overlap each other to a reasonable breadth. For the reception of
the rivetting tools two small heads are provided, projecting from both the heads of
the rivetting jaws so as to stand opposite each other, with their centre marking
just half the depth of the groove. The lower lever jaw or head is in all other
respects just like that first described. The said two small heads standing opposite
each other have holes or recesses in the centre and are provided with set screws,
so as to receive and hold the rivetting tools.
Bending Apparatus.-This consists of two parts, male and female, inserted into
the main jaws or heads of the levers and fastened there with set screws. Both.
male and female parts respectively correspond to the angle or form into which a
piece of metal is to be bent. A piece of metal to be bent is laid across the
opening in the bottom piece; the arms of the heads are then closed, and the top
piece is pressed into the bottom piece, and thus the bar, rod, or other piece of metal
is bent into the proper augle. It is obvious that instead of for bending the tool
may also be used for straightening in a like manner. This bending tool could not
be used in the head of a machine fitted with an upsetting apparatus, as the rod;
bar, or other piece would be prevented from being bent at a right angle by the
cheeks of the head. It is for this reason principally that the before mentioned
lugs have been provided as before described on the arms, so that instead of a bending
tool may be fastened and used in them. These lugs need not only be applied to
machines with an upsetting apparatus, where they are absolutely necessary for
bending, but they may also be put on to any such machine, as they will serve
besides for the reception of other tools for bending. For example, a sort of small
short chisel can be inserted into each of the lugs, and with these chisel pieces or
bars of hot iron or of metal may be cut, that would, when cold or otherwise, be too
heavy or too hard for the cutters at the inner end of the lever arms to sever.
Just as well as this machine may combine all the parts described into one, it will
be readily understood that either one of these apparatus may be inade independent
of the others, and thus form a machine of itself; also can any one of these apparatus
be combined with any other one or more herein described, just as desired or
needed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Alfred Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
November 1880.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINATION TOOL FOR CUTTING,
SHEARING, PUNCHING, RIVETTING, PRESSING, BENDING, STRAIGHTENING, AND
UPSETTING METAL." A communication from abroad by Robert Bruno Jentzsch
and Henry Zwanziger, both of Vienna, Austria.
This Invention has for object to construct a machine, which, without being very
complicated, is competent to perform all the principal manipulations of the black
or locksmith, sheet iron and other metal worker, requiring great physical force,
either singly or uniting all the parts required into one universal tool.
The principal and most important work which the machine should perform 'to
accomplish this purpose would be classified as follows:-
(1) The cutting of rod, bar, and flat metal; (2) the cutting of sheet and plate
metal; (3) the punching of holes and also pressing of saw teeth; (4) the rivetting
of sheet, plate, or other metal; (5) the pressing or swageing of hot iron or metal;
(6) the bending or straightening of metal; (7) the upsetting of metal, especially
tyres (8) the cutting off of hot iron or metal.
In the following description will be explained how all these different manipula-
tions may be performed by this machine.
In the Drawings Fig. 1 shews the side elevation of a whole machine for
cutting, shearing, punching, and bending; Fig. 2, a plan of the same machine;
Fig. 3, a rear view of same; Fig. 3a, a perspective view of the upper head of
shears for cutting metal; Fig. 4, a side elevation of the head end of a machine
with apparatus for punching saw teeth; Fig. 5, a plan of same, leaving away the
upper head of the punching apparatus, 24 larger than the other Figures; Fig. 6, a
side elevation of the head end of a machine for 'upsetting and for swaging (without
showing the shears for sheet metal); Fig. 7, a rear view of the same machine;
Fig. 7a, a view of a swage block separate; Fig. 8, a plan of part Bb of this
machine; Fig. 9, a side elevation of the head end of a machine with apparatus
for rivetting, and fixture for bending; Fig. 10, a rear view of the same machine;
Fig. 11, shears (separate) for cutting sheet metal only.
In the Drawings like letters refer in all Figures to like parts. Where it appeared
necessary to avoid confusion the different apparatus are shown separately on
different machines still it will be evident that the same can be all fitted to one
machine without one interfering with another.
The machine shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 3º, besides for cutting bar or rod
metal, is fitted for punching holes, for cutting sheet metal, and also for bending or
such like purposes. It consists of the following principal parts:-The peculiarly
formed lever arms or double jaws A a and Bb, which, with the flat surfaces of their
cheeks X bear against each other, thus somewhat resembling a pair of tongs,
These lever arms or jaws Aa and Bb are placed with their cheeks X between two
standards C, suitably fastened on to a plate J, which latter may be either of wood
or metal. These standards C, as well as the cheeks X of the lever arms or jaws Aa
and Bb, are provided with two or more corresponding holes d, which serve for the
reception of a bolt or pin e, forming the axis upon which the jaws work. These
two or more holes d, correspondingly placed at certain distances from each other
through the standards C and cheeks X, render it possible by changing the bolt e in
them to obtain different lengths either of jaw arms A, B, or 'a, b, thus getting at
will more or less leverage on either end of the machine. The bolt e is provided
with nuts or keys, as shewn in the drawing, for the purpose of drawing the stands

page_text: and cheeks tightly together, thus by aid of the large bearing surfaces of the cheeks
X giving the whole a rigidity which permits of no lateral movement of A a and
Bb. These two jaws, A and B, are at their extreme ends connected together by any
suitable mechanism which will close and open them, that is, to draw them together
and push them asunder again. In the Drawing the lever arrangement shown has
been chosen to illustrate the movement as the most simple and best suited devico
for the purpose.
Near the cheeks X of the jaws A and B are the recesses into which fit the knives
or cutters h, and on to the cheeks X of one jaw A a is fastened (cast on or otherwise).
a projection or horn E, in such manner as to stand out in front of and
a little distance away from the knives h, so as to hold any object placed
between them in a horizontal position whilst being acted upon by these knives.
To suit different dimensions of metal, one or more set screws 5 may be fitted into
this horn E, so as to make the distance between it and the knife edge changeable.
With these cutters h, but bar, rod, or flat metal can be cut, the length of cut being
limited by the length of cutters, [the cheeks X and standards C not permitting of a
pushing ahead of the metal to be cut. To accomplish this the following apparatus
is employed:
Plate Shears. Through the standards C passes a bolt i, which besides holding
these together serves as the axis of two shear jaws F, F¹, and G, G¹, of peculiar
shape. Fis the head or upper jaw and terminates in an arm F¹; G is the lower
jaw, and ends in an arm G'. The peculiar form of jaw of F, F, of the shears is
better illustrated by Fig 3ª.
At gå in G, and at f2 in F a knife is inserted into the head, the same as in any
common shears. Following the direction of the cutting edge of the upper jaw
knife runs a groove f° through the neck of head F, having such depth that its
bottom is in line with the cutting surface of the knife, thus permitting the passage
Now
of one part of the cut sheet or piece through it in direction of arrow 7.
in order to give sufficient strength to the head thus grooved it is necessary to
thicken it correspondingly on the other side. This strengthening piece has the
form of a wedge pointing to the vertex of the angle formed by the cutting edges of
the two knives. The upper surface f³ of this wedge has the same direction as the
cutting edge of knife g², thus permitting the passage of the other part of the cut
sheet or piece of metal over it in direction of arrow 6. On the arm B of Bb, and
fixed to the same, is a lug or eye g, and in the same manner a lug f is provided
upon the head of Aa, both in the positions as shown. The first lug g is connected
to the arm G¹ of G, G³, with a bolt or pin g' passing through both, and in the samė
way by bolt flugf is connected to arm F¹ of F, FL. To make the moving of the
two arms F¹ and G¹ possible it is necessary that these connecting bolts f¹ and g¹ be
movable in a slot, either in the arm or in the lug through which they pass.
Therefore as shown in the Drawing the bolts f¹ and g¹ are fast in their respective
lugs, while the arms have longitutional holes or slots, enabling f¹ and g¹ to slide in
them, and so permit proper motion.
Punching Apparatus.-The shearing parts or jaws a and b of A a and Bb
respectively are stout short arms, or as they may be better called heads. They are
laterally bent in such manner as to bring their ends or faces exactly opposite each
other. In the upper head a is a recess or hole serving for the reception of a punch 7,
or other similar instrument, which is held there by a set screw m. In the lower
part or head b is also a recess or hole for receiving a die or similar tool
Four set screws m¹
corresponding to the said punch or other such tool in a.
inserted in the lower head b serve to hold the die ', and to adjust it in exact
juxtaposition to the punch or other instrument inserted in the upper head a.
the lower head b, from the centre of the recess serving for the reception of the die,
runs an opening or hole n¹ through this said head, so forming an outlet for the
pieces that are punched out of any piece of metal.
In
On the cheek X of the first jaw Bb is secured a fork c which reaches over the
hole in the die. The holes in this fork, through which the screws pass that serve to

page_text: fasten it on to the cheek X are longitudinal, so as to permit of raising or lowering
the fork to suit any thickness of metal to be punched. This fork serves to strip
off the metal adhering to the punch after the hole has been made.
Bending Apparatus.-At y and y on the arms A and B are lugs cast on, or
fastened thereto, on opposite sides, close in front of the cutter (b) recesses, that
is, in the direction towards the ends of A and B. The plan, Fig. 8, shows the
position of these lugs. This machine as described so far, and shown in the
Drawing in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 3, is used in the following manner :-
1. For cutting of rod, bar, and flat metal, the main bolt e is to be introduced into
the pivot hole & next to these cutters, thus placing the fulcrum of the lever to be
used as near as posssble to point 10, the centre of the cutters, in order to give the
greatest possible force to the same.
The set screw 5 is turned so as to hold the object to be cut in a horizontal
position. This bar (rod, or the like, is now placed between the cutters b, and the
two arms A and B are drawn together by any suitable mechanism; here, by way of
example, by the lever arrangement as shown in the Drawing. Where this is used
the roll or rolls 8° may be with advantage substituted for the metal plate 8, upon
which the lever works, because they give much less friction, and thus less power is
required to move the whole. On the arms A and B closing, the cutters 6, b, pass
each other with their cutting edges, and thus sever the object (bar, rod, etc.)
placed between them. These cutters 6 may have straight edges, or one or both of
their edges may have scollops or any kind of indentations to suit the shape of the
rods or bars to be cut.
II. For shearing plate or sheet metal with the plate shears (F, F¹, G, G¹) described,
the main bolt e remains in the same hole as for cutting bars, etc. at 10. By closing
the arms A and B, both lugs g and f make a downward movement. These lugs g and
f being by bolts g' and f¹ connected to arins F' and G₁, the latter consequently must
make the same movement, causing the two parts of the shears to turn around their
common axis i, thus closing the jaws of the same and cutting the metal brought
between the knives f2 and g². After one cut has been made, and while A and B are
being opened again, the metal (plate, etc.) is pushed ahead, and as has been already
said, the one part of the plate or sheet passes through the groove fo, in direction of
arrow 7, while the other part slides over the wedge surface f³, in direction of arrow 6.
III. Also for bending and like jobs at y, y, the main bolt e remains in the same
hole as before.
IV. For punching holes and for similar jobs to be performed at a and b, it is
advantageous to remove bolt e from the hole it has been in for the above described
purposes, and to insert it in the hole (d) next to the heads a and b, thus getting
there the greatest possible leverage. While working the machine with the main
bolt in this hole (d) it is necessary to remove bolts fl and g¹ so as to liberate F, F¹,
and G, G', as they could not well follow the now altered movement of the arms
A and B b. In the hole or recess in head a a punch is inserted and fastened
with set screw m. In the same manner with set screws m² a corresponding die lis
adjusted to and fastened in this lower head b.
The metal to be punched is placed upon the die U, arms A and B are closed, and
the punch enters and pierces the metal, dropping the piece punched out through the
hole n. On opening A and B again the punch which has been forced through the
metal draws the latter with it upwards again till it strikes the fork, which strips
it off, and the machine is ready to make another hole. At first sight it would
appear as though the holes made in this way would show hurtful traces of the
small circle described by the two beads a and b; still this is not the case, and the
holes thus made answer all purposes for which a punched hole may be required.
Fig. 4 shows a side elevation of the head part of a machine fitted with an
apparatus for pressing or punching out saw teeth.
Fig. 5 is a plan of the same without the upper hea a, and is 24 larger scale than
are the other Figures.

page_text: Apparatus for Pressing or Punching out Saw Teeth.-Fitted to the lower head
and right below the set screws m¹ there is a band or strap M fastened with screws w.
From this strap M project arms, which carry a plate or table K fastened upon
them, and being of the same height and level as the die of the punching apparatus.
A straight edge L is adjustable upon the said table K by guide screws 1, which
run in slots u¹ in the table. The hole s¹ in the die has the shape of any desired
saw tooth, and the punch is formed correspondingly. At one side of this hole (s')
in the die, rests upon the latter a bolt or catch O, whose head or point has also the
form of the desired tooth. The distance of this catch O from the hole s¹ is the
desired distance between two teeth. This catch O is guided in a small bearing p¹,
which is adjustably fastened upon the rim, surrounding the recess in the head b
in which the die rests. Should this one bearing prove insufficient, a second one
may be fastened upon the head right behind the first (p'). Below the fork c
there is a spring v fastened upon a pin rigidly inserted into this fork.
This springbears against a pin w¹ in the catch O so as to always push the
latter ahead. N represents a saw blade. The straight edge L is set to the proper
width of the blade and parallel to the straight inner side of the hole s in the
die . Now after one tooth has been pressed the workman employed at the job
has only to take care to always hold the saw blade with its back edge tightly
bearing against the straightedge L, the blade is pushed ahead, the slanting edge of
the tooth already pressed bears against the slanting edge of catch O, pushing it
back until its point passes over the point of the tooth just pressed, a spring v
pressing the catch O forward again, and holding the blade ready for pressing another
tooth, and so on. To use the same apparatus for circular saws it is only necessary
to insert into the straightedge L a pin which will serve as a pivot for the blade to
turn upon. Then the straightedge and with it the pin and pivot is adjusted to the
proper distance from the die hole s¹. The bearing p¹ of the catch, which, as has
been already said, is adjustable (by means of proper longitudinal bolt holes), is
fastened with the catch O in a radial position to the circular blade, and all is ready
for proceeding.
Upsetting and Forging.-Fig. 6 shows a side elevation of the head part of a
machine without the plate shears, but fitted for upsetting (tyres and such like)
and for forging or pressing; Fig. 7 shows a rear view of the same; Fig. 7a shows a
swage tool; Fig. 8 is a plan of part B 6 of the same machine.
The machine shown in these Figures is constructed substantially like the one
before described, only in addition to the parts before mentioned there is the device
for upsetting and a tool for forging or pressing fitted to it.
Upsetting Apparatus.-On both sides of the upper and lower heads a, b, are
cast or otherwise suitably fastened strong cheeks, viz., on head a the cheeks o, p,
and on head the cheeks o³ and p². The cheeks o and o² project over the heads a
and b to a certain distance, and serve for the reception of toothed steel plates 8.
The other cheeks p and p² do not project over the heads a or b, only above at a
and below at b, so much as the difference between the straight vertical surface
of the cheeks p and p2 and the bent surface of the head requires. In each of these
cheeks p and p² are holes (one or more in each) into which fits a pin or pivot q
of an eccentric n, which on its eccentric edge is toothed like the plates s of σ
and o².
Each of these two eccentrics may be turned upon its pin or pivot q in 'the
holes, and is for this purpose provided with handles n'. By turning these
eccentrics the spaces between their toothed edges and the toothed surfaces of a
the steel plates 8 may be lessened or enlarged. In this manner any object (bar,
tire, or the like) may be grasped tightly between them and easily released again.
When there is more than one hole in each of the cheeks p and p², they must be
placed at different distances from the toothed steel plates & so as to permit by
changing the eccentrics in them of the introduction of pieces greatly varying in
size.

page_text: This apparatus is used in the following manner :-
The part of any piece (bar, tire, etc.) that is to be upset is heated to a white
heat, and then by a turn of the handles n³ the piece is grasped between the
excentrics n and steel plates 8, so that the heated part gets in the space between
the two heads a and b. The arms A and B are now closed, the heads a and b
approach each other, thus upsetting the pieces before them. On opening A and B.
again the excentrics must in consequence of the corresponding movement of a
and b turn and so release the piece they hold.
Swage Forging or Pressing.-This is simply effected by means of swages (top'
and bottom tool), which instead of punch and die are inserted into the heads a and b
respectively. Instead of striking the top swage with the hammer, as usually done,.
it is intended to use the leverage of the machine to secure the desired result.
Fig. 3 shews by way of example a swage to be used for this purpose, and it is this,
a round tool for three different sizes. Top and bottom are alike, and are fitted
into the holes or recesses in the heads a and b, where they are held by set screws.
m and m² in the same manner as described for punch and die. The fork c is in
the way here, and must be taken off by unscrewing the bolts which fasten it to
cheek X..
The hot iron to be swaged is held and turned like in a common swage tool while
the arms A and B are closed and opened, giving by pressure the desired form to the
iron. As already said, the swage tool k, k, is only mentioned by way of example,
and any shape or form of swage may be fitted to the heads a and b, and used as
described. It is clear that for the two performances just described, the main bolt e
should be in the hole next to the heads a and b to get as much power as possible..
Where in a machino (like Figs. 6 and 7) the plate shears is left away, the bolt 2.
simply serves as a connection for the two standards C, and to hold these and the
cheeks X of Aa and Bb tightly together.
Rivetting Apparatus and Tools for Bending.-Fig. 9 shows a side elevation of the
head part of a machine fitted for rivetting and with a tool for bending; Fig. 10 is
a rear view of the same.
Rivetting Apparatus.-This is fixed on to shear heads similar to those of the
plate shears already described, and may be constructed as a rivetting machine alone
or as such fand plate shears combined. The heads F, F³, of this apparatus are
similar to F, F', of Fig. I., with the difference that the groove f° mentioned in the
foregoing description of F, F, is in these heads F2, F³, considerably deeper in order
to allow two strips or parts of metal not only to pass edge to edge, as in Fig. I.,
but to allow them to overlap each other to a certain breadth. Upon the greatest
desired breadth of this lap depends the depth of the groove fo, still this breadth is
in a certain way limited, as in making the groove too deep, the neck of F2, F³, the
heads would become so much weakened as not to be able to stand the pressure or
strain upon it when a rivet head is being made. This difficulty is partly overcome.
by sufficiently strengthening the neck on the other side, as shown in the Drawing,
and in this manner sheets or pieces may be rivetted which overlap each other to a
reasonable breadth. For the reception of the rivetting tools two small heads 1, 1,
are provided projecting from both the heads F, G, so as to stand opposite each
other with their centre marking just half the depth of the groove fo; G², G³, is in
all other respects just like G, G', of Fig. 1. The said two small heads 1 standing
opposite each other have holes or recesses in the centre, and are provided with set
screws so as to receive and hold the rivetting tools.
The apparatus is used in the following manner:-The sheets or pieces to be
rivetted together (being provided with the necessary corresponding rivet. holes)
are introduced from the front end into the apparatus, that is, in a direction opposite
to that of a piece that would be introduced for the purpose of being cut. One part
of the sheet or piece to be rivetted to another passes through the groove fu in
direction of arrow 7, the other (top) piece passes over the wedge surface f³ in
direction of arrow 6. The two pieces meet overlapped between the small heads 1,.

page_text: and a rivet is introduced into two corresponding holes. The head of the rivet
rests in a tool inserted into one of the heads 1, the other head 1 holds the header.
Now the arms A and B are closed, causing the heads F2 and G² to close also, and
with them the small heads 1 and 1, causing the heading tool to form the other
head of the rivet. Now the sheets or pieces are moved forward in direction of
arrow 7° as far as the next hole, the same proceeding is repeated, and so forth.
Bending Apparatus.-This consists of two parts (t and u), male and female, inserted
into a and b and fastened there with the set screws. Both male and female
parts t and u respectively correspond to the angle or form into which a piece of
metal is to bent. The tool t, u, shown in the Drawing, is for bending in an angle
of 45°. A piece of metal to be bent is laid across the opening in the bottom
piece u, the arms A and B of the heads are then closed, and the top picce t is
pressed into the bottom piece u, and thus the bar, rod, or other piece of metal is
bent into the proper angle. It is obvious that instead of for bending, the same or
a similar tool may also be used for straightening in a like manner.
This bending
tool could not be used in the head of a machine fitted with an upsetting apparatus,
like that shown in Figs. 6 and 7, as the rod, bar, or other piece would be prevented
from being bent at a right angle by the checks o and p of the head a. It is for
this reason principally that the before mentioned lugs y, y, (Figs. 1 and 8) have
been provided, as before described, on the arms A and B, so that instead of in a
and ba bending tool may be fastened and used in them (y and y). These lugs y
and y need not only be applied to machines with an upsetting apparatus, where
they are absolutely necessary for bending, but they may also be put on to any
such machine, as they will serve besides for the reception of other tools for bending.
For example, a sort of small short chisel can be inserted into each of the lugs, and
with these chisels pieces or bars of hot iron or of metal may be cut, that would
when cold or otherwise be too heavy or too hard for the cutters at the inner end
of the lever arms to sever.
From the Drawings, as well as from the foregoing Specification, it is obvious
that all the apparatus shown and mentioned therein may be combined and united
into one machine without the one interfering with the working of the other. In
the apparatus for pressing saw teeth, of course, if to be in combination with a
machine fitted for upsetting, also it would be necessary to fit the strap A so as to
correspond to the form of the cheeks of and p³, or the arms of the saw apparatus
which carry the table K might be screwed on to the head b directly. When not
used the whole apparatus of course can be easily removed by taking off straps M
or arms, also the small bearing p' with the catch O, as well as the spring off
the fork c, and the machine is ready for work of another kind.
Just as well as this machine may combine all the parts described into one, it
will be readily understood that either one of these apparatus may be made
independent of the others and thus form a machine of itself; also can any one of
these apparatus be combined with any other one or more herein described just as
desired or needed.
To illustrate this possibility of constructing these apparatus singly, in Fig. 11 is
shown a plate shears alone, but of the kind before described, and, the same as
Fig. 1, moved by the lever arrangement already mentioned. The two shear jaws
or parts P, P, and R, R, turn upon a bolt V, and are guided between standards U
fastened upon a plate W. To make the shears open and close properly the arin R
belonging to R, R, must be the lower and P of P, P, the upper arm, so that a
closing of these arms also closes the jaws of the shears. It is obvious that these
shears might also be made with the mouth or jaws in opposite direction to tho
arms. In this case P would be the lower and R the upper arm.
The principal
novel features of these shears, that is, the passing of both parts or strips of the pieco
being cut over the axis upon which the sheers turn (in others one strip passes
above and the other below the axis), makes it possible up to a certain reasonable
thickness to cut plates of any breadth right in two.

page_text: The lever arrangement shown in the Drawing and mentioned in the Specification
is, as already said, only used to illustrate in a simple manner the way in which the
arms A and B may be opened and closed, but this system of opening and closing is
not depended upon, as it is self evident that the same result may be obtained by
using any known suitable mechanism. Thus for instance, as has been already
described, the two arms A and B can be connected by means of a double rack and
pinion to a fly wheel, or they may be directly worked by a right and left hand
screw spindle. Also a weighted pendulum properly connected to A and B with
links or levers may to advantage be used for moving the arms, and so forth. It
not being intended to claim this part of the Invention it is unnecessary to describe
the details thereof.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention in such
wise that the same may be readily carried into practical effect, I claim,―
1. A shearing apparatus permitting the passage of both cut parts above the axis
upon which the two jaws turn, consisting of two peculiar shaped parts F, FL, and
G, G', and the bolt or pin i upon which they turn alone or in combination with the
arms A a and Bb, or with any suitable means of moving them in order to make
the snears cui.
2. The head F, F¹, of a shearing apparatus, as herein described in its peculiar
form and shape.
3. In combination with the bar, rod, or flat metal cutting apparatus herein
described, the horn E alone or provided with one or more set screws.
4. In combination with the lever arrangement herein described and shown by
the Drawings, or with any suitable mechanism, the pressheads a and b to close and
open arms A and B.
5. In a combination with a press of the kind described the fork c.
6. In a shearing and pressing machine the application of two or more main bolt
or axle boles d.
7. In combination with arms A and B moved by the shown or other suitable
mechanism, the lugs y, y, cast, forged, or otherwise rigidly fastened on to said arms
A and B.
8. In a lever arrangement of the kind shown in the Drawing the application of
one or more rolls 8° instead of plate 8.
9. In combination with a press of the kind described and shown, the cheeks o
and o², and p and p², with the steel plates s, and excentrics n.
10. Swaging or pressing tools like k, k, and as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 7ª,
in combination with the press of the kind described and shown.
11. An apparatus for pressing out saw teeth in combination with a press of the
kind as herein described and shown.
12. In apparatus for pressing out saw teeth, the catch or bolt O in combination
with bearing p¹ and spring v.
13. In a rivetting apparatus, the peculiar shaped head F, F3, with the small
tool head 1 projecting from it, its combination with the lower head G2, G³, also
provided with a small tool bead 1, and the combination of both with bolt .
14. A rivetting apparatus of the kind herein described, as such alone or in
combination with a shearing and pressing machine.
15. A rivetting apparatus of the kind herein described, as such alone or fitted
with knives for cutting plate metal.
16. Tools (like t, u,) for bending of metal in different angles or forms, or for
straightening, in combination with a press of the kind herein described.
17. The combination of the apparatus and tools herein described, to form a an
"universal metal cutting, shearing, punching, pressing, rivetting, upsetting,
bending, and straightening machine.
18. Each one of the apparatus herein described alone.
19. Each of these apparatus in combination with one of the others herein
described.

page_text: 20. Each one of these apparatus in combination with two or more of the others
herein described.
All for the purpose and substantially as herein described in reference to and as
illustrated by the accompanying Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Alfred Barlow, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
WALTER A. BARLOW. (L.S.)