CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE AFFIXED TO BOOTS AND SHOES, AND TO THE FEET OF ANIMALS; ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHAIN LINKS, WASHERS, AND OTHER SUITABLE ARTICLES, AND IN THE DIES TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Southwood Stocker, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE AFFIXED TO BOOTS
AND SHOES, AND TO THE FEET OF ANIMALS; ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHAIN LINKS,
WASHERS, AND OTHER SUITABLE ARTICLES, AND IN THE DIES TO BE USED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 27th March 1860, and dated the 1st October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Southwood
Stocker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st October 1859.
I, ALEXANDER SOUTHWOOD STOCKER,. of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES TO BE AFFIXED TO
BOOTS AND SHOES, AND TO THE FEET OF ANIMALS; ALSO APPLICABLE TO. CHAIN LINKS,
WASHERS, AND OTHER SUITABLE ARTICLES, AND IN THE DIES TO BE USED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved method of making what is commonly
known in the trade as shoe heels and toes, and horse and other shoes for the
feet of animals, chain links, washers, and other similar articles of iron or other
metal, and consists of a die formed by casting or otherwise forming upon or
within one or more sides of a piece of iron or other metal, the counterpart of
the article intended to be produced. This die has projections formed thereon

page_text: or therein for the purpose of producing the indentations intended for the
nail heads, or it may be formed in such manner as to give the partly manu-
factured or formed article its desired shape. The metal being prepared for
the die is placed over, upon, or into the cavity or sunken part of the die, and is
then subjected to pressure from or by means of a pair of rollers made to
revolve by suitable means, through which the die with the metal passes, or by
means of other mechanical pressure. This pressure will impart to the metal
article the desired change or configuration, agreeing in all respects with the
matrix of the die; the holes for the shanks of the nails have next to be made,
to effect which I use another die similar to the one herein-before referred to,
except that the projections formed thereon or therein are made of sufficient
length so as to be above instead of below the surface of the die. Over this
die I place a cover or piece of metal with holes therein corresponding with the
projections in the former die; and this die and cover with the metal are then
subjected to pressure in manner aforesaid, and will cause the holes to be
made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Southwood Stocker in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
SOUTHWOOD STOCKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto. me,
the said Alexander Southwood Stocker, Her special license that I, the said
Alexander Southwood Stocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Alexander Southwood Stocker, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully, might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTICLES TO BE AFFIXED TO BOOTS AND SHOES, AND TO THE FEET OF ANIMALS; ALSO
APPLICABLE TO CHAIN LINKS, WASHERS, AND OTHER SUITABLE ARTICLES, AND IN THE

page_text: DIES TO BE USED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Alexander Southwood Stocker, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should. particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Southwood Stocker, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):
-
:-
My said Invention relates to an improved mode or method of making shoe
heels and toes, horse and other shoes for the feet of animals, chain links, and
washers of iron or other metal, and consists in the employment for. that
purpose of a metal die having the counterpart of the article intended to be
produced cast or otherwise formed in or upon one or more of its surfaces. In
the manufacture of metal shoe heels, this die has projections formed upon it
for the purpose of producing the indentations in the heel intended. for receiving
the nail heads, and it is also formed in such a manner as to impart the desired
shape to the partly manufactured article which it is intended to complete.
The metal of which the shoe heel is to be composed having been previously
prepared and partially shaped by hand or otherwise, is placed in or over the
matrix or sunken part of the die, and is then subjected to the pressure of a
roller or rollers, which are made to revolve by any suitable means, and under
or between which the die with the metal to be shaped placed upon or in it is
passed; or in lieu of rollers other suitable mechanical contrivances may be
employed for exerting a steady and gradual pressure upon the article in or
upon the die. This pressure imparts to the article to be shaped the desired
change or configuration, agreeing in all respects with the shape or contour of
the matrix of the die.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood and carried out
in practice, I shall now proceed to describe and refer to the several Figures on
the accompanying Sheet of explanatory Drawings, of which Figures 1 and 2
represent a plan and section of a short length or strip of iron after it has been
rolled to the required dimensions for being shaped into a metal shoe heel.
Figure 3 represents the same strip of metal formed into a blank in readiness to
undergo the shaping process, which forms the essential feature of my Invention;
and Figures 4 and 5 represent respectively a plan and section of a die for shaping

page_text: the heel piece, which die I prefer to make of malleable iron. In making what
is known in the trade as a "Scotch shoe heel" according to my Invention, I
take rolled bars of iron, as ordinarily used by the trade in making this class of
goods, and cut them into short pieces of convenient lengths, as shewn in
Figure 1, to produce the article intended. The bars having been cut into
suitable lengths are bent into their proper shape or contour by any well known
means now in use, and the partially formed article which I call a blank is
then to be placed in or upon the matrix A of the die (Figures 4 and 5), and
subjected to pressure therein, as herein-before mentioned. These dies may be
made of any suitable metal, in. any convenient manner, but I prefer to make.
them of what is known in the trade as malleable iron, but I use it in its un-
annealed state, the counterpart or matrix of the article to be shaped being
cast in the die in the process of its manufacture. The matrix or sunk counter-
part of the article to be produced should be so formed as to fit a true section
of the iron in its bar state as it leaves the rolling mill, with this exception that
a portion of the matrix corresponding to the back or centre portion of the
heel at B is sunk deeper than at any other part of it, and this increased depth
is made to die off gradually, and run into the natural rolled shape, depth, and
guage of the original bar, and terminates at C, C. If found desirable the
matrix may be made rather wider at this part, as shewn by the dotted line in
Figure 4, in place of being deepened as above described; the object of thus:
increasing the capacity of the matrix at the part referred to being to enable
the increased thickness of metal in that portion of the blank, as herein-after
described, to be received into and be properly shaped by the die when the
pressure is applied. This deepening or widening of the matrix at one par-
ticular part constitutes an essential feature of my Invention, and is an
important requisite to the production of a well-shaped and marketable article,
for this reason, namely, that in the primary bending of the length of iron into
the shape adapted to the matrix, the inside of the curved part of the bar from
D to D (Figure 3) by reason of the pressure it receives at that particular part,
as well as by reason of the contraction of the inner and elongation or expansion
of the outer edges thereof in the process of bending, will be found to be con-
siderably thicker than at any other part, and it is therefore important that
provision be made for this increased thickness, by making a corresponding
increase in the depth or width of the die at that part, in order that it may
contain or receive the whole of the extra thickness of metal. On the bottom
of the matrix are formed a number of projections, as shewn in the Drawing,
which projections when the necessary pressure is applied to the article, as
herein-after described, indent it on one side and form countersunk recesses for

page_text: the reception of the nail heads used in securing it to the shoe. The sides of.
the matrix are bevelled inwards in place of being vertical, the outer edge or
side being rather more bevelled than the inner one. The die with the blank
placed upon or within it, either in a cold or heated state, is passed between a
pair of powerful. pressing rollers revolving at equal speeds. The action of.
these rollers is to compress the article into the matrix, and the die and pressed.
article being passed between the rollers is delivered on to a receiving table or
platform, where the compressed and shaped article is released from the die,
which is again ready for use, the operation being then repeated and continued
with great rapidity and precision. By using a series of dies great advantages
as regards rapidity of production are obtained. The short lengths of bars
(Figure 1) may have the recesses or indents formed in them when in their
straight state by being placed in suitable straight matrices for that purpose,
and passed between or under the rollers or pressing apparatus, such dies being
made flat on their surfaces, and the part which exerts the pressure being
also flat, so that one may not enter the other, as in the case of male and
female dies. If found desirable a single pressing roller may be used in lieu
of a pair of such rollers, this single roller being made to rotate, and also
to travel to and fro over a flat or plane surface or table, upon which are
placed one or more dies with the articles intended to be produced placed
thereon or therein. After the roller has been passed over the die or dies they
are removed from the table, and fresh ones are substituted before the next or
return stroke or traverse of the pressing roller, the operation being thus
continued without intermission. Or, if desired, a number of dies may be
connected together so as to form an endless chain, which endless chain of
dies
I passes between the rollers, and is supported by a carrying roller, which
guides it on to a table upon which the dies are supplied with blanks. Various
other mechanical contrivances which would readily suggest themselves to the
practical man as substitutes for a pressing roller or rollers may be employed for
imparting a steady and gradual pressure to the articles in or upon the die or
dies, care being taken, however, that the pressure be applied in a perfectly
even and uniform manner to the article to be shaped.
Although I have only described and illustrated my Invention as applied to
the manufacture or production of one kind of metal heel for shoes, yet it will
be obvious without the necessity for further description or illustrations, that it
is equally applicable to the manufacture of various other kinds of heels and
toes to be affixed to boots and shoes, horse shoes, flat chain links, or couplings
and washers; the dies or matrices being of course so shaped as to impart the
desired form to the article, whatever it may be.

page_text: Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the best mode or means which I am acquainted with for
carrying the same into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the
system or mode of manufacturing metal shoe heels and tips, horse shoes, chain
links, or couplings and washers, by pressing the material of which such articles
are to be composed into metal dies or matrices, of the desired form of the
completed article, in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Southwood Stocker, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
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