Improvements in Furnaces for Coking or Charring Peat and other Matters.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 16th Jan., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces for Coking or Charring Peat and other
Matters.
I, NILS KARL HERMAN EKELUND of Jonkoping, Sweden, Works Manager do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The present invention relates to improvements in furnaces of the character
described in the Specification of my previous Patent for charring different matters
and more especially peat dated 1st March 1890 No. 3306.
On the annexed drawing
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the furnace on
Fig. 2 a cross section on y y Fig. 1.
a
Fig. 2 and
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the furnace on
In the main the furnace consists of three chief parts or sections A. B and C.
The upper section is destined for the drying, the middle one for the coking, and the
lower one for the cooling. The upper section having previously, constituted only
one compartment, consists now of two compartments A1 A2 located one above the
other and separated from each other by an intermediate partition or diaphragm N
with doors n.inclined some from the sides, and some from.the middle. The middle
part, constitutes an elevated rail track V' on which the peat is introduced by means
of dumping or tipping wagons in order to be thrown into the compartment A'. The
novelty in the next following lower middle section consists therein, that the same
by means of a partition wall V and intermediate floors U is divided into four
compartments, two upper ones B' B¹ and two lower 'ones B³ B². The novelty in
the next following bottom section consists therein, that the same by means of the
intermediate wall V is divided into two compartments C'C', there being besides in
the intermediate wall and in two opposite side walls arranged other com-
partments C C C. In the intermediate floors U there are perforated sliding
doors T.
All the arches or vaults are as before, hollow, so as to form passages F and I,
but in the passages F there are pipes G, which through the bottom of the
passages F enter into the compartments B' and in the opposite direction-descend to
the compartments C2 further through these compartments to the condenser P and
the fan Q and from the fan to the compartments, C¹. In the passages I fire-
places E E E are arranged, to which flues or pipes o pass from the com-
partments C¹. Other pipes a' lead from the compartments C² to the fan S from
which further pipes lead into the passages, F. In the vaults there are sliding
doors, by the opening of which the peat can be poured from the upper section
into the middle one, or from the middle section into the cisterns L which rest
on rail wagons. The sliding doors H between the upper and the middle section
are.hollow and consist of a lower solid part and an upper perforated part. The
compartments between these two parts communicate with the vaults F by small
passages m.
The use and working of the furnace are as follows. As previously stated, the
drying takes place in the upper section or properly speaking in the compartment A³
and the coking in the middle section. The gases disengaged in the coking process
pass from the compartments B2 B32 through the doors T up into the com-
partments B B and together with the gases evolved in these compartments into
the pipes G. Through the pipes G the gases, are led to the condenser and to the
fan which latter forces the gases into the compartments C₁ where they are

page_text: heated, and from which compartments the gases pass through the flues or pipes o
into the fire-places shewn at E¹ Fig. 2. The hot combustion gases pass through
the flues or pipes into the compartments B and B and cause the coking. As
there is a high temperature in the compartments C C owing to the radiation of
heat from the cisterns L, the air in the adjoining compartments C becomes heated.
This heated air is led through the pipes a', the fan P and the pipes into the
passages F, where it is still more heated partly by the walls of the same and partly
by the pipes G and finally passes through the Hues m into the compartment A².
The peat is thus dried in the compartment A2 and the watery vapour evolved
thereby can escape by valves or flues arranged for this purpose.
When the peat is completely coked in the compartment B2 the doors K are
opened in order that the coke may fall down into the cisterns L by means of which
the same, after having been cooled, is removed from the furnace. The doors K
having been shut, the doors T are opened and the half-coked peat in the com-
partments B' is let down into the compartments B2. The doors T having been
shut, the doors H are opened and the dried peat in the compartment A' is let down
into the compartments B'. The doors H having been shut, the doors n are opened
and the raw peat in the compartment A' is let down into the compartment A
whereupon the doors n are shut and the compartment A' is filled.
The formation or division of the middle section vertically into two or more
compartments, two such viz. B1 and B2 being shown on the drawing, has the
advantage that the peat is divided in layers one above the other whereby is
attained that the heat in the gases from a lower layer is utilized in the
upper ones.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
Lion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
In furnaces for continuous coking or charring of peat or other matters charac-
terized by sections separated from each other, which sections are destined the
upper one for the drying the middle one for the coking and the lower for
the cooling of the peat, the following arrangements.
First. An intermediate floor provided with doors and dividing the upper section
in an upper and a lower compartment and which floor is inclined from the sides and
the middle, thus forming a bridge, on which the peat is introduced by means of
dumping or tipping wagons running on rails.
Second. One or more intermediate floors provided with sliding doors and
dividing the middle section into two or more superposed compartments.
Third. A middle wall passing up through the lower section and the middle
section.
Fourth. Compartments such as C2 arranged in the side walls and in the middle
wall from which compartments are extending pipes a connected with a fan and
leading to the hollow top vaults.
Fifth. Fire places arranged in the lower vaults to which fireplaces flues pass
from the lower section.
Sixth. Pipes such as G. which pass from the middle section traverse the top
vaults the side and middle compartments C2 in the lower section and finally pass
through the condenser and the fan and enter into the lower section with the view
that the gases evolved in the coking may when going from below upwards be
gathered in the top vaults and be conducted further to the fire-places.
Seventh. Sliding doors in the top vaults consisting of two parts of which the
upper is perforated in combination with flues such as m from the vaults to
the cavity in the door.
Eighth. The cisterns L placed upon wagons running on rails in the lower section
for receiving and removing the coked peat.
Ninth. The flues p leading from the lower vaults into the middle section.

page_text: Tenth. The improved construction of coking or charring furnace shewn on the
drawing.
Dated this 15th day of December 1891.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.