IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS OF GLAS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bowron, of Stockton-on-Tees, for the Inven⚫
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
OF GLAS."
Sealed the 9th August 1861, and dated the 12th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bowron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1861.
I, JAMES BOWRON, of Stockton-on-Tees, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND OTHER
VESSELS OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
bottles and other vessels of glass.
For these purposes, in place of the fluid "metal" being taken at the end of
a tube and blown into a mould by the workman, as heretofore, a quantity of
the fluid metal is taken from a pot and placed in a mould, which it is pre-
ferred should be mounted on axes, and it is also preferred that the fluid glass
should be introduced into the mould when the neck or smaller end of the
mould is downwards. A moveable bottom is then introduced into the mould,
which slides freely therein, and the mould is turned on its axes or otherwise,
so as to bring the neck or smaller end thereof upwards. The opening into
this smaller end of the mould is then put into communication with a chamber
or vessel suitable for supplying compressed atmospheric air or other æriform
Price S1

page_text: matter. which will cause the-melted glass to become hollow, and to expand
into the mould as the moveable bottom is allowed to move outwards. Or in
place of using compressed atmospheric air or æriform matters. suitable
materials may be introduced into or supplied at the smaller end of the mould,
which being acted on by the heat of the melted glass, will cause such materials
to give off elastic gas or vapour, which will cause the melted glass to expand
into the mould.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Bowron in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
COME, I, JAMES
BOWROX, of Stockton-on-Tees, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, 'Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Bowron, Her special licence that I, the said James Bowron,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Bowron, my executors. administrators, and assigns. should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed. should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS OF GLASS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Bowron, my executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Bowron, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say;-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
bottles and other vessels of glass.

page_text: For these purposes, in place of the fluid "metal" being taken at the end of
a tube and blown into a mould by the workman. as heretofore, a quantity of
the fluid metal is taken from a pot and placed in a mould, which it is pre-
ferred should be mounted on axes, and it is also preferred that the fluid glass
should be introduced into the mould when the neck or smaller end of the
mould is downwards. A moveable bottom is then introduced into the mould,
which slides freely therein, and the mould is turned on its axes or otherwise,
so as to bring the neck or smaller end thereof upwards. The opening into
this smaller end of the mould is then put into communication with a chamber
or vessel suitable for supplying compressed atmospheric air or other aeriform
matter, which will cause the melted glass to become hollow, and to expand
into the mould as the moveable bottom is allowed to move outwards. Or in
place of using compressed atmospheric air or.acriform matters, suitable
materials may be introduced into or supplied at the smaller end of the mould.
which being acted on by the heat of the melted glass, will cause such materials
to give off elastic gas or vapour, which will cause the melted glass to expand
into the mould.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood. and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure is a front view of apparatus for manufacturing bottles and vessels
of glass according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the
same. a, a, is the frame of the apparatus; b an axis carried thereby, with a
hand wheel c; d is a metal cylinder. the internal diameter of which is equal
to the external diameter of the bottle or vessel to be produced: this cylinder
is fixed on the axis b. At the top of the cylinder dare jointed two metal
blocks e, e, hollowed interiorly to correspond with the form of bottle or vessel
to be produced; these blocks are shown in plan at Figures 3 and 4;
Figure 3 shows them as they appear when the mould is open, and Figure 4 as
hey appear when the mould is closed. is the centre, on which the blocks e, e,
urn; g is a latch for holding the two blocks together, to keep the mould
closed; are inclines which pass under the projections d. d', from the
ylinder d; these inclines are also for the purpose of keeping the mould
roperly closed. i is a piston forming the bottom of the mould; it is capable
f sliding in the cylinder; j is a lever, to which this piston is connected by a
ink k; and I is a counterbalance weight at the further end of the lever j; n is
pipe, with a nozzle at its end suitably formed to produce the mouth of the
'

page_text: When in
At other
bottle or vessel; this pipe is capable of sliding up and down.
operation it is down and occupies the position shown at Figure 2.
times it slides up and out of the way, as is shown at Figure 1. o is an arm
at the top of the mould; it carries a cork or other suitable stopper o' to close
the top of the mould, and by moving this lever the mould can be closed or
opened, as required.
In order to produce a bottle or vessel, if the melted glass or "metal" is of
such a nature that it chills rapidly, the mould is closed and turned neck
downwards, the neck being closed by the cork o'. The bottom i also is raised
out of the cylinder d. Sufficient glass to produce the article is then poured
from a ladle, or is run from a gathering into the mould. The bottom i is
then placed in the cylinder d, and the mould turned over, so as to bring the
neck to the top. The weight will then carry, the moveable bottom nearly to
the top of the mould. The "metal," excepting that already chilled by the
mould, and which will form the neck of the bottle or vessel, will then run
down on to the bottom: the cork o¹ is then removed from the top of the
mould, and the pipe n brought down till its nozzle enters the mould, and air
(or it may be vapour or gas) is then forced through the pipe by a glass
maker's air pump or similar apparatus. This blast is sufficient to force down
the bottom i, overcoming the counterpoise, and at the same time it expands
the glass to the required extent. A stop arrests the bottom when it has
descended a sufficient distance.
When working with "metal" which does not chill rapidly, I pour it on to
the bottom of the mould when open and neck upwards, then close the mould
and turn it over. When the metal has run down into the neck, the mould is
again reversed and the blast pipe is brought down as before.
To polish the exterior of bottles and vessels thus produced I prefer to heat
them again after they leave the mould.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bowron have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JAMES BOWRON. (L.S.)