A Governor for Hydraulic Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 13th May, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Governor for Hydraulic Motors.
We, GABRIEL LALLEMANT, of Arnay sur Vitteaux (Côte d'or), Miller, and
EUGENE JOURNAUX, of Mariony le Cahouet (Côte d'or), Engineer, both in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
-
This invention has for its object an automatic governor for use with hydraulic
motors, wheels, turbines, etc., for the purpose of maintaining a constant velocity
whatever the force to be obtained or the resistance to be overcome.
Our governor
acts directly upon the valve, that is to say, being adjusted for a predetermined
speed, it gradually opens the valve when the force to be produced is to be increased
and closes the same when the said force is to be reduced. By this means a
regular operation of hydraulic motors is effected at speeds which can be determined
in advance.
The governor also comprises devices by means of which either the starting or
the stoppage of the motor can be effected. This latter operation can be performed
by hand and from a distance and it can be also automatically effected at a pre-
determined hour or even when the motor is powerless to do its work at its normal
velocity either by the increase of the resistance or through insufficiency of water.
The invention will be fully understood from the following description and by
reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: —
Figure 1 is an elevation of a governor constructed according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a plan thereof:
Figures 3 and 4 are side views:
Figure 5 a longitudinal section on the line 5-5 Figure 2:
Figure 6 is an elevation, at right angles to Figure 1, of part of the governor;
Figure 7 is a vertical transverse section of part of Figure 6; and
Figure 8 is a detached elevation of an insulating block hereinafter described.
The different parts of the governor are mounted upon two frames A and B
resting upon a base or bed C and connected by four bars a, a¹, a², a³.
To the frame A (see Figure 3) are secured bearings 6, 61 supporting a horizontal
shaft D upon which are keyed a toothed wheel E in connection by means of a
chain c with the valve mechanism, two ratchet wheels F and G having oppositely
directed teeth, a toothed wheel I and a fly wheel H. The shaft D also carries
keyed upon it a ratchet wheel J with which two pawls e, el engage, the said pawls
being held in engagement by the springs f, fl; these pawls are rigidly secured to
a drum K loose upon the shaft D and around which is coiled a brake band
preventing the valve from closing by its weight alone. This brake band is fixed
to one end gl and to the fulcrum g² of a bent lever L, the other end g³ of which is
provided with a hand-wheel g; this hand-wheel is mounted upon a screw g³
working in a lug fixed to the frame B.
for
Upon the frame B (see Figure 4) there is mounted in bearings h, h¹, a horizontal
shaft M in connection with the hydraulic motor. Upon this shaft are keyed a bevel
pinion i, gearing with a second pinion ¹ upon a shaft 2 carrying a centrifugal or

page_text: weight governor, and a transmission pulley R. There are also loosely mounted
upon the said shaft M a toothed wheel N connected to the wheel I upon the shaft 1)
through the medium of a chain j, and rigidly connected to one part of a double
claw clutch; an eccentric P and a fly wheel rigidly connected to the part 0 of
the aforesaid clutch mechanism, the part 2 of which is keyed upon the shaft M but
can move axially thereon.
The sensitiveness of the governor is adjusted by the following arrangements. An
oscillating lever k pivoting on the shaft 7 is furnished at one end with a fork
which can engage in a groove formed in the movable part of the governor.
The lever k, the end of which is beyond the pivot l, is furnished with two
projecting arms, carrying a graduated square bar upon which a sliding
counterweight can move. It will be easily understood that the sensitiveness of
the governor can be adjusted by altering the position of the weight upon the
graduated rod k, that is to say, by placing it either in front of the fulcrum
and on the side of the end k¹ or behind the said fulcrum and on the side of the
end, the movable part 3 being raised with more or less difficulty according to
the position of the said weight 18.
The shaft upon which the oscillating lever k is fixed is mounted in two
bearings m and m fixed upon the frame A. This shaft carries at the end remote
from the lever k an arm keyed upon it and connected, through the medium of
a rod n¹, to a fork S serving as an escapement anchor. This fork, which is actuated
by the eccentric P to which it is rigidly connected, is pivoted at o to a connecting
rod o' which is itself pivoted at 2. The two branches S1, S2 of the fork are curved
in such a manner that the end of the upper branch S₁ is opposite the ratchet
wheel G whilst the end of the lower branch S is opposite the ratchet wheel F. The
ends of the branches S1, S2 are formed with square holes designed to receive movable
teeth p and p which are held in position by flat springs p², p³ respectively.
According as the fork S is raised or lowered by the movements communicated by
the governor to the oscillating lever k and consequently to the shaft l, to the arm n
and to the connecting rod n¹, one of the two teeth p or pl engages with the corre-
sponding ratchet wheel F or G. The distance between the branches S1 and S2 of
the fork is regulated in such a manner that the two teeth 1, p¹ cannot enter
simultaneously into engagement with their corresponding ratchet wheels and so
that the fork can take a position in which the two teeth are disengaged from the two
ratchet wheels. The two ratchet wheels F and G are toothed in opposite directions
and it will be obvious that according as one or the other of the teeth is in
engagement with its corresponding ratchet the horizontal shaft I) turns in one
direction or the other.
Between the outer parts 0, 0¹ of the double clutch mechanism a sleeve ()2
can move longitudinally upon the shaft M upon which it is mounted, the said
sleeve being guided by a key 03. The movements of the sleeve 02 are controlled
by the bent lever r which is fulcrummed at r¹ and the end 2 of which is provided
with a groove with which engages the pin of a crank keyed upon the
shaft This shaft is mounted in the two frames A and B and upon the part
extending beyond the frame A there is keyed a controlling lever T provided with
a handles and a counterweight s¹. To this controlling lever there is fitted a
small connecting rod 2 pivoted to a lever 3 fulcrummed upon the pivot of a
fixed support s rigidly secured to the frame A. The free end of the lever s³
comes into engagement with the underside of a plate s with which the upper
part of the tooth of the branch S¹ of the fork is furnished. The arm of
the controlling lever T rests upon a roller supported in a notch s³ of the arm;
this roller is mounted upon the end of a crank s keyed upon a spindle s¹º.
The movement of the crank or arm in the direction of the arrow (see
Figure 3) causes the rollers to leave the notch and allows the controlling
lever to fall, the said lever, as will be hereinafter explained when the operation
of the mechanism is described, effecting the stoppage of the motor by closing the
valve.

page_text: The movements of the crank or arm are effected by a levert mounted upon
the shaft so of the said arm on the inside of the frame A (see Figure 6). The
crank can be actuated by hand and from a distance by means of a cord t¹
acting in the direction of the arrow upon the end 2 of a lever arranged parallel
to the lever t and rigidly secured to the cranks. It can be automatically actuated
at a predetermined moment through the medium of clockwork mechanism U
secured to the frame A. This clock is furnished, upon the arbor u of the small
hand, with a cam u in which is formed a notch u². One end u of a bell-crank
lever fulcrummed at u³, is applied against the circular part of the cam whilst
the other end engages in a notch us in a vertical rod u which is secured to
the lever t. It will be obvious that when the notch u² of the cam u¹, the position
of which upon the arbor of the small hand is regulated for the hour at which it
is desired to stop the motor, comes opposite the end of the bell-crank lever,
the latter swings and the end u5 is disengaged from the notch us of the spindle u.
The latter drops, being held by the guide us, and as a consequence causes the
levert to swing.
a
The crank s can also be automatically actuated when the motor is powerless
to do its work at the normal velocity either by reason of the increase of resistance
or through an insufficiency of water. To this end (see Figure 7) the pinion v
keyed upon the horizontal shaft D gears with the pinion of an intermediate
shaft mounted in the bearing b¹. The shaft v² carries another pinion ³ which
acts upon a vertical rack rigidly connected to another rack 5,
the teeth of which are at right angles to those of the former rack.
The rack engages with a toothed wheel mounted loosely upon
spindle and rigidly secured to a graduated dial 8 carrying a fixed pointer
and movable in a frame also graduated. A second toothed wheel 10 is keyed
upon the spindle which carries at its end a pointer 29. This pointer is rigidly
connected to the movable dial 8 by a small pin w which engages in one of the
notches . The position of the movable graduated dial with respect to the fixed
graduated frame or dial enables the force employed to be determined. The toothed
wheel gears with a vertical rack provided at its lower end with a movable
stop 12 This stop, when in the position indicated in the full lines in Figure 6,
is adapted to strike, when the rack all drops, upon the nose v¹³ of a pivoted lever v14
connected by a rod 15 to the end of the lever t2.
The electric device designed to automatically give notice of the movements
of the governor is constructed in the following manner. The contact or plate y
which is connected to any suitable source of electricity is fixed to the frame A;
it makes contact at each movement of the fork S and when the said fork is
lowered with the upper terminal z of an insulating block ¹ (see Figure 8) fixed
upon, the fork, and with the two lower terminals, 2 when the fork is in its
uppermost position. The terminals z and 22 are connected to a terminal 2ª³
in communication with a bell and according to the position of the fork S, each
up and down movement of the said fork gives either one ring of the bell or
two rings quickly succeeding one another.
Figure 9 illustrates the application of the governor to a water wheel. The
shaft M of the governor, which can be coupled to a sleeve upon the shaft X¹
of the wheel X can also, as is illustrated upon the drawing and when it is
desired to place the governor at a distance from the motor, be connected to the
latter by a crossed chain Y gearing with pinions keyed upon the shafts M and X¹.
The shaft D of the governor is connected, through the medium of the toothed
wheel E and the chain C, to the pinion E¹ of a horizontal shaft Z. This shaft
carries a second pinion which gears with a rack Z on the sluice valve Z.
If the opening of the valve Z is not sufficiently large and if the quantity
of water delivered is insufficient to give the motor the speed for which the governor
has been adjusted, the valve gradually and automatically opens until the said
delivery is sufficient, for the shaft M of the governor actuated by the motor,

page_text: operates, through the medium of the intermediate movable sleeve, the eccentric P
and consequently the fork S which at this moment is in its lowermost position.
The tooth of the branch St of the fork is consequently in, engagement with
the ratchet G which the to-and-fro movements of the fork S advance one tooth
for each revolution of the shaft M of the governor. The rotation of the ratchet
wheel G effects that of the toothed wheel Ekeyed upon the said shaft, this latter
transmits to the pinion E', shaft Z' and the rack 72 a motion which slowly opens
the valve Z until the delivery of water, which constantly increases, accelerates the
movement of the motor to the desired extent.
the
At this moment the movable part of the governor is slightly raised and causes
the lever to oscillate. The shaft upon which the lever is keyed turns and
raises its arnın, the connecting rod n¹ and the fork S. The tooth p becomes
disengaged from the ratchet wheel G and, as the distance between
branches S1, S2 of the fork is regulated in such a manner that the two teeth p
and p cannot be in engagement simultaneously with the two corresponding
ratchet wheels, the fork S, which is actuated by the eccentric P, continues its
to-and-fro motion without actuating the ratchet wheels F and G. The shaft D
is consequently at rest, no movement being transmitted to the valve mechanism,
the opening of which therefore remains constant.
If, by reason of an increase in the delivery of water or from a diminution in
the resistance to be overcome, the motor begins to run at a velocity greater than
that for which it is regulated, the fork S is caused to assume its uppermost
position. The tooth 21 of the branch S2 enters into engagement with its ratchet
wheel F, the teeth of which extend in the opposite direction to those of the
ratchet wheel G, so that the to-and-fro motion of the fork S imparts to the
ratchet F, the shaft D) and the toothed wheel E a movement in the opposite
direction to that effected by the rotation of the ratchet wheel G. The gradual
closing of the valve is thereby effected, until the motor again runs at the velocity
for which it has been regulated
At the
The stoppage of the motor, which can be effected by hand or automatically as
herein before described, is caused by the fall of the lever T. This movement
of the lever T swings the lever upon its pivot through the medium of the
rods, the nose of the said lever then raising the tooth p of the branch S and
disengages it from the ratchet wheel F if it is in engagement therewith.
same time the shaft r6 rotates and actuates the crank which, through the
medium of the lever r, releases the movable sleeve 02 of the clutch from the
part 0 to engage it with the part 0 which is secured to the pinion N. This
pinion which consequently turns with the shaft M, effects, through the medium
of the chain j, the rotation of the toothed wheel I of the shaft D of the wheel E
and thus brings about the complete closing of the valve. At the moment the
closing of the valve is effected the nose 16 of the rack, raises the lever T
which disengages the movable sleeve o and holds it between the two fixed
parts o and o; the shaft M and the governor can thus continue to turn until
the motor is stopped.
This closing is announced by a prolonged ringing of the electric bell effected
by the application of a finger y mounted upon the nose 3 upon the contact y¹
of the plate y.
When it is desired that the motor shall not exert more than a predetermined
force, the movable stop 12 is given the position indicated in dotted lines in
Figure 6 and the rack is caused to descend by turning the toothed wheel 19
by means of the hand provided with a handle, the pin w of which comes into
engagement with the notch w arranged opposite the cipher marking the maximum
force which it is desired shall be employed; the movable stop is designed to
strike upon the projection .r which raises the tooth p. This tooth is then no longer
in engagement with the ratchet wheel G and the rotation of the latter and the
gradual opening of the valve are arrested.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
The described improvements in governors for hydraulic motors, the said
improvements comprising:-
1. The combination of a centrifugal or weight governor, actuated by the hydraulic
motor, with an oscillating lever carrying a graduated rod upon which a running
counterweight can move, substantially as described..
2. The arrangement of a fork adapted to receive an up-and-down movement
through the medium of the governor, and of an oscillating lever to which can be
imparted a horizontal to-and-fro movement through the medium of an eccentric:
the fork being furnished at the end of each of its branches with teeth designed
to enter into engagement, according to its position, with one of two ratchet wheels
toothed in opposite directions and keyed upon the shaft controlling the opening
or the closing of the water supply valve, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. A controlling lever for operating the movable sleeve of a double clutch
device, one outer half of which is rigidly connected to an eccentric and the other
to a toothed wheel connected by a chain to a second toothed wheel keyed upon the
shaft controlling the opening and the closing of the water supply valve, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The mechanism for effecting the stoppage of the motor by hand and from
a distance consisting of a lever actuated by a cord and rigidly connected to a crank
upon the end of which the operating lever rests, the movement of the crank
effecting the descent of the lever, substantially as set forth.
5. The mechanism for effecting the stoppage of the motor at a predetermined
moment through the medium of a clock the arbor of the small hand of which
is furnished with a cam adjustable according to the hour at which it is desired
to stop the motor, the said cam serving as a point of support for one end of a
pivoted bell crank lever, the other end of which is lodged in a notch of a vertical
rod connected to a lever rigidly secured to a crank, substantially as described.
6. The mechanism for effecting the automatic stoppage of the motor when the
latter is powerless to do its work at the normal velocity either by reason of the
increase of the resistance or through an insufficiency of water, the said mechanism
comprising a movable stop adapted to strike upon the nose of a lever connected
by a rod to a lever rigidly secured to a crank and the displacement of which
determines the fall of the controlling lever and the stoppage of the motor, the
movable stop being fixed to the end of a rack engaging with a toothed pinion
keyed upon the spindle of a graduated dial, and the said spindle being furnished
with a pointer the rotation of which causes the descent of the rack carrying the
movable stop whereby the said stop is approached to the desired extent towards
the nose against which it is designed to be applied substantially as herein before
described.
7. The mechanism for enabling the power employed in a workshop to be
regulated, such mechanism consisting of a movable dial of the kind described
in the preceding claiming clause and rigidly connected to a toothed pinion loose
upon its axis and in engagement with a rack receiving its up and down motion
from a shaft controlling the mechanism of the valve, the said movable dial, which
is furnished with a fixed pointer, being movable in a circular, graduated fixed
frame as set forth.
8. The mechanism whereby any desired motive power is prevented from being
exceeded, consisting of a movable stop, which is designed to be applied against
the end of a projection which disengages a tooth of the upper branch of the
fork if the said tooth is in engagement with its ratchet, as hereinbetore described.
9. The electric device for automatically indicating the movement of the
governor and the stoppage of the motor, the said device consisting of a contact
or plate connected to any suitable source of electricity and which makes contart
at each horizontal to-and-fre movement of the fork either with the upper terminal

page_text: of an insulating block fixed upon the said fork when the latter is in its lowermost
position, or with two lower terminals of the same block when the fork is in its
uppermost position, whereby one or two rings of the bell, according to the position
of the fork is or are obtained, the stoppage of the motor being indicated by a
prolonged ringing caused by the contact of the plate with a terminal fixed upon
the nose upon which the movable stop is applied, substantially as described.
10. The brake for preventing the valve from becoming closed by its own
weight, consisting of a band wound upon a drum rigidly connected to the shaft
which controls the mechanism of the valve through the medium of a ratchet
wheel and two pawls, the tension of the band being regulated by means of a lever
having a screw hand-wheel to which are fixed the ends of the band, as herein-
before described.
Dated the 18th day of To
1900
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.