IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ludwig Bensel, of Iserlohn, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
and Empire of Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ludwig Bensel at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1879.
LUDWIG BENSEL, of Iserlohn, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
My improvements in the construction of locks consists in shooting and locking
the bolt without springs, and in the construction of the latch as well as of the rims,
catches, and striking plates. In Figures 1, 2, 3, of the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing the letter indicates the bolt moving in the slot c upon the stud o, which
connects the two plates. Upon this stud o is also placed the washer e provided
with a stud 8, which takes into a shaped groove 6 made in the lock bolt.
The washer is further cut out so that the bit of the key may be passed through
it. If the key is then turned to the right it uplifts the washer e, as shown at
Figure 2, so as to bring the studs into the horizontal part of the groove b, and to
permit the displacement of the bolt r. When the stud has reached the end of the
horizontal part of the groove the washer e comes down again, and the stud 8 also
descends in the second vertical part of the groove b, so that the bolt remains fixed
in the required position for locking, as shown at Figure 3. Figure 8 shows exactly
the same form of construction of the bolt shooting apparatus.
In Figure 9 this construction is slightly modified, inasmuch that the washer e is
here provided with an extension which raises the latch. The form shown in Figures 17
and 18 embodies the same principle of construction as the preceding, but it differs
therefrom in the details of manufacture. The washer or stop-plate e is here of
one piece with the latch f, and turns with it around the axle d of the latch. The
locking is here obtained by means of an extension t of the bolt r carrying a stud 8,
which takes into a groove b in form of H made in the latch for in the washer e
(see Figures 4 and 5). Further, in this lock opening of the latch f by pressure may
be prevented by pushing a pin or bolt (Figure 19) into the orifice m through the
two plates a, a, and also in Figures 17 and 18 through the washer 6, the effect of
which is to close the entire lock, except in the arrangement Figure 9.
[Price 6d.]

page_text: Figures 20 and 21 show the application of this principle to locks for side boards,
chests of drawers, desks, upright pianos, and other articles. In the lock shown,
Figure 20, the washer e oscillates as in Figures 1 to 3 around the stud o, but the
stud 8, by the aid of which the locking is operated, is here attached, as in Figure 17,
to the bolt r, and the washer e is provided with a l ☐ shaped groove b.
In the lock for desks, upright pianos, and similar applications, represented
Figure 21, the bolt r oscillates round the stud o, while the stop plate e, provided
with a groove c, slides on the pin or atud n fixed to the plate a, and carries a stud 8,
which takes into the groove b of the bolt r, thus the movement takes place with
certainty in a straight line.
The latches shown, Figures 1 to 3 and 6 to 9, 8 and 9, all offer this peculiarity
that they like the bolt require no springs, but fall by their own weight; such is
particularly the case with the latches f (Figures 7, 8, 9, 80 and 9a), which oscillate
around the pins or studs p independently of the action of the levers i.
Another speciality in the construction of the latch (Figures 1 to 3, 6, 7, 8, 8ª,
and 9) consists in that the latch ƒ may be opened without the aid of the lever or
handle by the key by means of the washer e, as may be seen at Figure 2. For this
purpose the latch ƒ (Figures 1 to 3) rests by a rod g upon the washer e, and is uplifted
with this latter, as shown at Figure 2. In the Figures 6 to 8 and 8a the latch
is extended at its lower part, so that these extensions come against the washer e,
and in the Figures 17 and 18 the latch f and the washer e are as aforesaid
formed of a single piece.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 represent three different rims or front plates. That
Figure 10 serves for locks which are to be used right and left, while that Figure 11
is in use for right hand locks, and that Figure 12 for left hand locks; Figures 13
to 15 represent striking plates; Figure 13 shows the striking plate used with the
front plate or rim, Figure 10, which should open right or left, or which pass right
through; Figure 14 shows a striking plate for a door to be opened from the right
side fitting to the front plate or rim Figure 11; and Figure 15 shews a striking
plate for a door opening from the left side used with the front plate or rim,
Figure 12; Figuro 16 represents these striking plates in side view.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ludwig Bensel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th July
1879.
LUDWIG BENSEL, of Iserlohn, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Empire of Germany.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
My improvements in the construction of locks consist in shooting and locking
the bolt without springs, and in the construction of the latch as well as of the
rims, catches, and striking plates. In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 8º, and 0 of the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings the letter r indicates the bolt, which moves in
the slot c upon the rivetted pin or stud o, which is fastened to both of the lock
plates. Upon this stud o also hangs the plate e, provided with a stud 8, which
takes into the ☐ shaped groove b made in the lock bolt r.
The plate e is also cut out so that the bit of the key may be passed through it.
If the key is then turned to the right it uplifts the plate e, Figures 0, 3, 4, 5, 8,
and 80, so as to bring the studs into the horizontal part of the groove b, and to
permit the displacement of the bolt r. When the stud has reached the end of the
horizontal part of the groove the plate e comes down again, and the stud s also
descends in the second vertical part of the groove b, so that the bolt remains fixed.
in the required position for locking. Figure 1 shews a form of lock on the same
principle as the foregoing construction, but varying in the method of carrying it
out.
The locking plate e is in this case in one piece with the catch f and turns with
it on the axis of the catch. The locking is here effected by means of an extension t
of the bolt provided with a stud s taking into an H formed slot b in the catch f
or plate e. Figure 2 consists of an inner part, which forms a catch ƒ as well as a
bolt r, with the application of a flat formed presser stud d. The closing stud a
is in this case fastened in the lock plate.
Besides which the locks Figures 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, may by inserting a stud in the
opening in the lock plate be perfectly shut off, and both the catches fand the bolt r,
as these are connected to each other, may be opened by the key without the aid of
the presser. Figure 12 represents a key shield, the square aperture u of which
serves for fastening the aforesaid shutting off stud. Figures 6 and 7 shew the
application of this principle to locks for cupboards, drawers, desks, pianos, &c.
In the lock represented in Figure 6 the plate e oscillates as in Figures 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 8, and 80, on the stud o, the studs which operates the closure is however
attached to the bolt », as in Figure 1, and corresponding to the same; the plate e is
provided with a ✓ formed slot b.
In the case of the lock represented in Figure 7 for desks, pianos, etc., the bolt r
oscillates on the stud o, whilst the locking plate e with a slot c slides on the stud n
fastened to the lock plate a, and with a stud 8 slides in the slot b in the bolt R, and
thereby receives a precise direction.
The catches shown in Figures 1 to 5 inclusive have collectively the characteristic
like the bolt of not requiring any springs, but oscillate independently of the presser
lever on the stud p, and fall in by their own weight, or as in Figure 0, are carried
forward by the weight due to the form of the presser tumbler.
In Figures 9, 10, 10, and 10b, four different covers, rims, or front plates, are
shewn, of which Figure 10 serves for locks which turn right and left, whilst
Figure 10a is only for right, and Figure 10b for left turning locks. Figure 9 is a
cover for locking catches; Figures 20 to 22 inclusive are striking plates; Figure 20
shews these striking plates in side view; Figures 13 to 17ª inclusive are keys pro-
per for these locks.
Figures 25 to 27 inclusive, forms of catches; Figures 18-19° are bolts.

page_text: Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is or may be performed,
I claim as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent,-
1. The use of locks, formed substantially as hereinbefore described, and shown
Figures 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8ª, of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
2. The use of catches or latches, formed substantially as herein before described,
and shown Figures 25 to 27 inclusive of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
3. The use of the system of locking, consisting in that the washers or plates e,
which oscillate and are without springs, fall in by their own weight, and on the
other hand are brought into the required position by the bit of the key by means
of the opening cut out for this purpose in the lock-plate, and thus securely lock the
bolt, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The use of the system of locking, in which an oscillating notched and spring-
less bolt is brought by the action of the key into the locking position of a moveable
plate in a straight line, and is thus locked, substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. The lifting of the latch by means of the washer, tumbler, or locking plate c
by the action of the key without pressers or latch-levers, substantially as herein-
before described.
6. The locking or wedging of the latch by stopping the washer, tumbler, or
locking plate e by means of a pin or stud, (Figure 1,) and by introducing a pin in
the openings m of the lock-plates (Figures 0, 2, 3, 4, 5,) to replace the bolt termed
the night bolt, and to close or shut the entire lock, substantially as above
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ludwig Bensel, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine.