IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING LIGHT AND HEAT BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Timothy Morris and Robert Weare, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Electricians, and Edward
Henry Cradock Monckton, of Fineshade, in the County of Northampton,
Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING
LIGHT AND HEAT BY ELECTRICITY"
Sealed the 14th November 1862, and dated the 19th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Timothy Morris, Robert
Weare, and Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th May 1862.
We, TIMOTHY MORRIS and ROBERT WEARE, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Electricians, and EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON,
of Fineshade, in the County of Northampton, Esquire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING
LIGHT AND HEAT BY ELECTRICITY," to be as follows:-
By this Invention we propose to produce light by electricity, either in the
first instance, or as an ultimate result after power, depositing metals, and other
useful processes may have been effected.
We propose to employ what is called electricity of tension obtained from
magneto-electric machines of various constructions, having a sufficient length
of wire on their coils, in combination or otherwise, with what is called an
induction coil, by which we obtain intensity of electricity with small battery

page_text: power, and we stop the action of such machines when necessary by the appli-
cation of a break. We also pass electricity generated by hydro-electric
machines through insulated vessels containing filings or oxides of metals, in
order to vary the current and apply it to different purposes. We propose to
pass currents of electricity, however obtained and subsequently induced or
condensed, through one or more vacuum tubes or vessels of glass placed in
succession, variously shaped and variously colored or not at discretion so as to
give colors to the light; thus, for example, instead of tubes, two sheets of
glass may be hermetically sealed round the edges, or two globes may be placed
one within the other. These tubes, vessels, or globes may be prepared as
follows: The air is first to be exhausted from them by any suitable method,
and a gas is then to be injected, of which the following are a few examples,
viz. carbonic acid gas, carburetted bydrogen gas, phosphuretted hydrogen
gas, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and other similar gases, or the vapour from
an ether, such as the sulphuric, nitric, hydrochloric and 'other similar ethers;
this gas or ether is; again to be exhausted from the tube till a sufficient vacuum
is obtained to permit the electricity to flow freely from the points of platinum
or other wires placed in connection with a magneto-electric machine or induc-
tion coil, and cause illumination. The tube is then to be hermetically sealed
and so continues constant in its action. Should it be desirable, in the above
tubes, the gases may be combined, or the ethers may be combined, or the gases
may be combined with the ethers.
It is to be observed that the various gases or ethers are to be used according
to the nature of light, sought to. be produced, as they yield variously colored
lights which are applicable to various purposes; thus, for example, to enable
painters to distinguish between different sorts of color by night.
We also employ in some cases the above tubes so exhausted or prepared in
connection with the wires conveying the electricity from Leyden jars, or an
arrangement similar to them, charged by means of induction coils and batteries,
by which means the illuminating power is much increased; and we also use
the electricity similarly conveyed through induction coils into and from Leyden
jars or other similar arrangements as a substitute for them without having
recourse to any glass or other vessel whatever, by simply bringing the con
ductors from each terminal to within a short distance of each other, which
alone is sufficient to produce. a brilliant light of great illuminating power,
applicable to lighting houses and other places where a brilliant light is required.
We further propose to attach electro-magnetic machines, or vulcanite, or
other rubbers to the wheels or other parts of railway or other carriages

page_text: as one method of generating electricity to be applied to the production
of light..
We also propose to use. reflectors of various constructions in connexion
with our light, and also to employ foils or deposits of silver on the back of
the vacuum glasses in lieu of having separate reflectors; the following are a
few examples of our easy and simple methods of constructing the glass vessels
in which a vacuum is to be formed, thus, two sheets of glass of any shape
may be herinetically sealed all round at their edges, and the air then exhausted
from between them, these may be dished and the outside covered with foil, so
as to form a parabolic or other reflector in the glass itself.
Again, heated glass tubes may be rapidly coiled on a warm metal cylinder
and then drawn off; rows of straight tubes united to a common tube at each
end may be formed. into one piece, or glass may be stamped into any requisite
shape, and where a mere vacuum is required without the addition of gases, as
above, this can be rapidly effected under the influence of heat. We also use
our light in conjunction with lenses and glass of various colors and variously
compounded, in order to produce light suitable for various kinds of photo-
graphy; and we also use ground glass and other suitable media over our
vacuum vessels, in order to diminish the light; and we further use a metallic
or other cover of a suitable shape, and contrivance to place or draw over the
light, in order to shut it off as required.
To obtain heat we propose to use electricity evolved from powerful batteries
and induction coils, by introducing spirals of flattened platinum wire or sheets
rolled up into spiral or other coils, in such a manner as to give the greatest
possible heating surface to them. These flattened wires or sheets may be made
of either platinum or other suitable metal. The coils so prepared are to be
inserted into the liquor or other substance to be heated, and the ends of these
coils then joined to the poles; we then introduce various metals according to
the effects we wish to produce, the result will be either that the fluid will be
heated or gases formed by decomposition, which latter can also, if necessary,
be exploded. The heat thus generated can be applied to all purposes where it
is required, for example, to warming houses, conservatories, hothouses, drying
clothes, malting, cooking, and for dessicating purposes generally.
By the same process we generate steam for engines and for many other
useful purposes. For jewellery and other purposes we propose to fuse together
by electricity the joints or ends of various metals, instead of using the ordinary
processes, as a substitute for jewellers' and other solder, and also to fuse those
solders where it is necessary to use them, whether soft or hard. Though we

page_text: consider that 'our methods of generating electricity are the cheapest possible,
yet it must be further obvious that as the electricity used in many of these
processes will be the waste electricity passing off from some one or more other
processes, great economy must result, where, for example, it might not pay to
warm or light a house by electricity, yet if we possess the waste electricity
passing off from a magnetic engine, it is obvious that the two latter processes
would cost,nothing; and where it would not pay to work an engine alone by
this power, it would be economical to unite lighting and warming with motive
-power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Timothy Morris, Robert Weare and Edward Henry
Cradock Monckton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
November 1862,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, TIMOTHY
MORRIS, and ROBERT WEARE, both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Electricians, and EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCкTON, of Fineshade, in the
County of Northampton, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Timothy Morris, Robert Weare and Edward Henry Cradock Monckton,
Her special licence that we, the said Timothy Morris, Robert Weare and
Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or. such others as we, the said Timothy Morris, Robert Weare and Edward
Henry Cradock Monckton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING LIGHT AND HEAT BY ELECTRICITY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Timothy Morris, Robert Weare
and Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, our executors or administrators, by
en instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and

page_text: seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW, YE, that I, the said Edward Henry Cradock Monckton,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Our Invention consists in obtaining light by passing electricity through
vacuum tubes or other suitable vessels, the electricity employed being obtained
from frictional, electro-maguetic, magneto-electric or hydro-electric machines,
and also from other sources, but we prefer to obtain it from our induction coils,
as Patented on October 24th 1861, No 2661, in connection with our patented
batteries, and to obtain heat also with or without such induction coil by means
of such batteries.
We pass currents of electricity through one or more vacuum tubes or vessels
of glass variously shaped, and colored or not at discretion so as to give colors
to the light; thus, instead of tubes, two sheets of glass may be hermetically
sealed round the edges, or two globes may be placed one within the other.
These tubes, vessels, or globes may be prepared as follows:-The air is first to
be exhausted from them by any suitable method, and a gas is then to be
injected, of which the following are a few examples viz -carbonic acid gas,
carburetted bydrogen gas, phosphuretted hydrogen gas, nitrogen, hydrogen,
oxygen, and other similar gases; or the vapour from an
sulphuric, nitric, hydrochloric, and other similar ethers. This gas or ether is
again to be exhausted from the tube till a sufficient vacuum is obtained to
permit the electricity to flow freely from the points of platinum, or other wires
placed in connection with the electric arrangement, or induction coil, and
cause illumination.
ether, such as the
The tube is then to be hermetically sealed and so continues constant in its
action. Should it be desirable, in the above tubes, the gases may be combined;
or the ethers may be combined; or the gases may be combined with the
ethers.
It is to be observed that the various gases or ethers are to be used accord-
ing to the nature of the light sought to be produced, as they yield differently
colored lights, which are applicable to various purposes such as the lighting
of mines with great advantage, as the light thus produced is incapable of
causing explosions of fire-damp, or other gases in coal or other mines, also as

page_text: a substitute for gas in street lamps, houses, lighting dwelling houses, and for
all ordinary purposes.
:
We also employ in some cases the above tubes so exhausted or prepared in
connection with the wires conveying the electricity from Leyden jars, or an
arrangement similar to them, charged by means of induction coils and batteries,
by which means the illuminating power is much increased, and we also use
the electricity similarly conveyed through induction coils, into and from Leyden
jars or other similar arrangements, as a substitute for them, without having
recourse to any glass or other vessel whatever, be simply bringing the con-
ductors from each terminal to within a short distance of each other, which
alone is sufficient to produce a brilliant light of great illuminating power
applicable to lighthouses and other places where a brilliant light is re-
quired.
We further attach magneto-electric machines to the wheels of railway or
other carriages, as one method of generating electricity to be applied to the
production of light for lighting such carriages. We also use reflectors of
various constructions in connection with our light, and also apply foils or
deposits of silver on the back of the vacuum glasses, in lieu of having separate
reflectors. These glasses may also be dished and the outside sufficiently
covered with foil as to form a parabolic or other reflector in the glass itself.
We also use our light in conjunction with lenses and glass of various colors
and shapes, in order to produce light suitable for various purposes, and we
also use ground glass and other suitable media over our vacuum vessels, in
order to subdue the light, and we further use a metallic or other cover of a
suitable shape and contrivance to place or draw over the light in order to shut
it off as required.
To obtain heat, we use electricity evolved from powerful batteries and
induction coils, by introducing spirals of flattened platinum wire or sheets rolled
up rolled up into spiral or other coils in such a manner as to give the greatest
possible heating surface to them. These flattened wires or sheets may be
made of either platinum or other suitable metal. The coils so prepared are
to be inserted into the liquor or other substances to be heated, and the ends of
these coils then joined to the poles of the battery. For jewellery and other pur-
poses, we propose to fuse together by electricity the joints or ends of various
metals, and also to fuse those solders where it is necessary to use them whether
soft or hard.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we do not limit ourselves to the precise

page_text: details herein expressed, as the same may evidently be modified in many ways
without departing from the principles on which the Invention is based, but
what we claim as our Invention, are the "Improvements in Obtaining and
Applying Light and Heat by Electricity," in the manner herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Henry Cradock Monckton,
have hereunto set my hand and scal, this Seventeenth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
E. II. C., MONCKTON. (L.S.)