Year: 1887

page_text: [Communicated from abroad by BALTHAZAR FERDINAND CHRISTIANSEN, of
Copenhagen, Denmark, Telegraph Engineer.]
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of the firm of Herbert & Co., Patent-Agents, of
67 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists in a writing machine and in certain modifications enabling
the same to be used either as a simple writing machine or as a telegraphic writer. The
improvements relate to, writing machines, in which a cylinder placed on a horizontal
axle carries on its periphery the various letters, numbers or signs placed in several
rows beside each other, the cylinder being so guided that the required letter or sign
is brought over a certain unchangeable point and there impressed, the necessary motions
being given to the cylinder or axle by simple or combined depressions of the keys.
In the present invention, the cylindrical or prismatic slides a are arranged and
moved between two pairs of vertical bars a' a" (Fig. 2) and in the uppermost slide of
each set is fixed a pin all; according to the different height to which these pins are
raised, the axle B" and the cylinder B' attain a different position corresponding to the
letter which is to be printed. The movement of the slides is caused by the wedgelike
slide pins g (Fig. 3), the points of which pass between the slides. Each key in the
machine operates upon a certain pin. Fig. 1 shews an apparatus with seven
keys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and therefore seven slide pins and seven slides. The depres-
sion of one or more of the keys gives a certain corresponding position to the slides, so
that the pin or pins all are raised to the required height.
The slide-pins y are in connection with angle-levers g' which move around pivots g"
(Fig. 3). The key on being depressed liberates the horizontal part of the angle-
lever g' after which the slide pin is moved backwards from between the slide by the
spiral spring until only the point remains between the slides. Where the slide-pins
Price 8d.1

page_text: are so drawn out, the slides are depressed and the height of the pin a™ determined.
The pins may however be brought between the slides, when the keys are depressed, as
shown in Fig. 3; the slides are then proportionally raised as one or more of the keys are
depressed, and give a different height to the pin a; on the shaft B is placed an
eccentrically shaped tooth bark (Fig. 3); on the rotation of the axle, one of the 5
pins a arrives against one of the teeth in the tooth bar according to the height to
which the said pin is raised; by this means, the amount of rotation of the shaft B
and therefore of the cylinder carrying the letters, is determined. The tooth bar is in one
piece with the frame (Fig. 2) and both slide loosely on the shaft 1" and are
journalled in the bearings ; the cross bar & fixed to the shaft B" slides on the
frame so that the axle B" is allowed a certain amount of longitudinal motion free. of
the tooth rack k. In firmi connection with the tooth-bar k is likewise the cog-wheel n,
which is moved by a rack p connected to the bar q; as the latter together with the key
is depressed moving about the point q' the bar p is drawn down so that the axle B" is
forced to rotate. The bar q is operated by any key through the frame / pivoted at 1,
72.
the front of the frame being raised by the spring
The longitudinal motion of the cylinder B¹ and the axle B" is caused as shown in
Fig. 2, by means of the angle lever c pivoted at c; the lower end of the lever is
operated by the bar el fixed to the frame 7. On the axle B" is placed the inclined
tooth bar 4, which revolves loosely on the axle and which is kept in its position by the
bar which prevents the tooth bar from rotating while allowing its horizontal move-
ment together with the axle. As the tooth bar moves longitudinally with the axle, one
of its teeth arrives against one of the pins a corresponding to the height to which
the said pin has been raised.
The mechanism which carries the paper below the letter cylinder is shown by
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5. It consist of a frame, which in both ends carries rollers for the
paper
and which is moved on wheels on the two firm rails and . The frame is moved
by the apparatus shown in Fig. 8 and fixed to the stands. On the axle y' the tooth
wheel is firmly fixed in the teeth of which catches the pawl Q pivoted to the bar Q',
the latter being moved round the pin Q in the frame Q
111
The pawl has a horizontal elongation to which is attached a spiral spring Qb which
engages the pawl in the teeth of the wheel ; is a pulley placed loosely on the axle
and around which the cord y, which moves the frame back, is wound. is a hook
fixed to the wheel, which catches into a recess y¹ of the pulley " and carries this
round with it. ¹ is a bracket, in which is pivoted the bar "; T signifies the movable
paper-frame on which are fixed two pins. S' is a bar engaging with its upper
When the frame !
end the bar Q¹ and is operated by a fork r fixed on the frame 1.
is pressed down by the keys, the fork and the bar S¹ are raised, by which means the
pawl is raised and leaves the tooth of the ratchet wheel ' in which it was situated
and catches behind the succeeding tooth; when the frame is again lowered, the wheel
is thus rotated one tooth, which moves the paper laterally the distance of two letters.
When the wheel ¹ has made a sufficient number of rotations, the bar will press
The lowest
against the bar which is pressed forward in the direction of the arrow.
end of the bar will then press down the hook y" so that the pulley is set free; so
that the wheel is rotated and the frame T drawn from right to left by action of a spring
or weight in order that a new line may be commenced. In adapting this machine to
be used as a telegraphic writing machine in connection with the electrical apparatus
shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12. The movement of the keys is not trans-
ferred direct but operates the electrical apparatus by the closing or interruption of
electric circuits; a line battery and two local batteries are employed. Fig. 4 shows
the apparatus in the transmitting station and Fig. 5 in the receiving station.
one or more. keys are depressed contact is thereby made with the bar e (Figs. 4. 6)
and through the key and the screw d with the apparatus for distribution of current A A
This apparatus consists of as many thin insulated needles e as there are keys in the
machine. All the needles are fixed in the cross bar e¹ their outer ends being free. By
this means is produced a current between the battery and the line to the receiving
station. Here the current passes the corresponding needles in a similar current
When

page_text: distributor and causes thus a motion of the slide pins concerned. The resting position
of the key is shown by Fig. 6. The rail is in Fig. 4 indicated by dotted lines
and reaches below all the keys. The depression of the key causes a closing at C.
As the needles in the current distributor at this moment do not enter the line the
battery-current passes through the conductor 1-2-3 to the contact screw 3* thence
through the tongue D pivoted at d* to the. line 4, then through a double current
relay BB and lastly through the line 5 to the main line. As the current passes this
relay the tongue E is moved and causes a contact with E¹, by which means the
circuit of the local battery T is closed and passes through the tongue E to the
line 6, thence through the coils and in the current-distributing apparatus, whose
tongue D is influenced by the magnet poles and back again to the battery. As the
contact, as mentioned, is closed at E, the tongue D is moved to the opposite side and
closes connection with the screw 4', the tongue D leaves the contact screw 34 and at
this moment the current to the line is interrupted, but by the movement of the tongue
the needles are raised by the screw on its end, and connection from the main-battery
through the keys is then closed with the needles corresponding to them and the line.
The connection with the other needles remains on the other hand without effect,
because their keys are not depressed and therefore are not in electrical connection with
the rail et.
The same needles which are thus raised at the starting-station, are likewise raised
in a similar current-distribution-apparatus at the receiving station; only the current
here passes in an opposite direction, so that from the needles it passes the wires **
and from them to the respective keys. At the receiving station the latter are in a
resting position (Fig. 6), and the current is then closed through the front end of the
key, with the conductors shown on the drawing and passes to the contact screws 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6 on the electrical apparatus represented by Fig. 5 of the writing machine at
the receiving station.
Figs. 11 and 12 represent on an enlarged scale in plan and elevation the current
distribution apparatus A A slightly modified. Instead of the needles e¹ are used
keys m which are moved about a common pin m². The tongue D, which is moved across
the keys, forces them down successively they being again raised by a spring s.
this arrangement the keys need not be magnets, as the connection to either side is
easily reached by means of a contact from the wires, which is closed or broken off, as
the movement of the key up or down forms a contact.
With
The key 7 causes the distance between the words. When it is depressed, a current
is closed, which passes direct to the line without operating upon the slide pins in the
writing machine.
Figs. 5 and 7 show means for utilizing the currents so transmitted. F and G
signify permanent horse shoe magnets. On each of these are firmly screwed iron cores
for coils. On the topmost end of the core is placed a screw n n¹ fixed brackets & hold
the movable levers s¹, to each of which is attached a side-arm s" (Fig. 5) in connection
with a slide pin g. On the bars is at even height with the screws n n¹ fixed a
tongue i of wrought iron. As the latter according to the direction of the current
through the coils is attracted to either of the polescrews n n', the slide-pin will be
drawn out of the slides or pushed in between them. As shown in Fig. 7 there are
placed on each side three magnets, one above the other.
As the tongue D (Fig. 4) as explained above, is moving from the screw 3* to 4*, it
takes along with it two metal-points ell and ex fixed and insulated in an ebonite support
so that the former comes into contact with the point u; by this means a circuit is
closed from the local battery C, through the lines 12, 13. The object of this circuit
is to draw the frame I down, by attracting the armatures fixed upon the lever
0, thus
raising the opposite side of the frame and communicating the desired motion to the
axle B, (Fig. 2) and to the frame T with the paper sheet in the same manner as
mentioned before with reference to the simple writing machine.
By the preceding explanation, it is shown how the machine with the electrical
apparatus works under influence of the positive current caused by the depression of
one or more keys, by which a letter is printed on the paper.

page_text: When the pressure on the key ceases, and the latter rises to the resting position
(Fig. 6) the current-direction from the two batteries is changed. This changes is
caused by a small frame Q placed under the keys (indicated by dotted lines in
Fig. 4). The frame is pivoted at . As the key is raised, the tongue on the left
closes contact at C' instead of at C (Fig. 10). A negative current is then closed from
the line battery at 4' through the coils of the double-current relay B B and carries the
tongues D and E over to their first position, the former breaks contact at e", by which
the current in the local battery is interrupted and a spring placed under the frame
carries it back to its raised position together with the armatures 7 and 8.
When at rest, consequently on receipt of a dispatch the apparatus Fig. 4 is con-
nected to the earth by a plate fixed to the frame Q closing contact with the
screw, Fig. 9 shows this from the side. The outdrawn slide pins g are again
pushed in by means of the battery T whose negative current by contact between the
tongue E and the screw E passes through the needles Fig. 4 to the coils on 1 and G
Fig. 5 to earth, by which means the tongues i are moved to the opposite side.
In the double current apparatus shown in Fig. 4 and also in the receiving apparatus
represented in Fig. 5, the coils about the south- and north-cores on the permanent
horse-shoe-magnets are wound round in the same directions, so that a neutralising of
one pole with a reinforcement of the other is effected alternately according to the
direction of the current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1). In telegraphic and other type-machines, in which the letters and signs are
arranged on a cylinder or plate to which two horizontal motions are to be given
at right angles to each other, the arrangement of the tooth bars k for determining
the said motions substantially as set forth.
.
2). In telegraphic or other writing machines the combination with the movable
slides a of the slide pins g adapted to be pushed between them substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
3). A writing machine of the herein described system in combination with electrical
apparatus for use as telegraphic writing machines.
4). In a telegraphic transmitting machine the combination of the keys with the
electrical apparatus, as shown in Fig. 4 consisting of relays A A and B B with the
tongues D and E the row of needles e or keys m' and the contacts e", ex substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
5). The combination with the slide pins g of electromagnets for the operation of
the same substantially as set forth.
6). The application of electromagnets 7, 8 for the depression of the frame
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated thin 15th day of February 1987
H. J. HADDAN.
Pp. Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.