matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) PROCESS OF REPRODUCING ALL KINDS OF VIEWS, IMAGES, OR OBJECTS FROM NATURE OR OTHERWISE IN PHOTO- LITHOGRAPHY OR PHOTO-TYPOGRAPHY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Constant Le
Moussu at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November
1881.
BENJAMIN CONSTANT LE MOUSSU, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Photo-engraver. "A NEW (OR IMPROVED) PROCESS OF REPRODUCING ALL KINDS
OF VIEWS, IMAGES, OR OBJECTS FROM NATURE OR OTHERWISE IN PHOTO-
LITHOGRAPHY OR PHOTO-TYPOGRAPHY."
My Invention relates to a new (or improved) process of reproducing all kinds
of views, images, or objects from nature or otherwise in photo-lithography or
photo-typography, and consists in the employment of photography in combination
with the photo-embossed tint process described in Bogue & Le Moussu's Speci-
fication, No. 3570, dated 17 August 1881, in which the surface produced by the
said process allows the artist to add divided shades and to open divided and full
lights, so as to produce quickly and at little expense a faithful and artistic
drawing, ready for either photo-lithographic or photo-typographic printing.
I proceed to describe one way of carrying out my Invention. Now, supposing
the subject I desire to reproduce be a landscape, an architectural view, a portrait
from nature, or a picture (coloured or in tint), I first take a negative of the
subject, dividing or stippling it afterwards by any of the known methods in use,
(should I not have done so direct on the negative itself by the interposition of a fine
net or a tinted transparent material (gelatine, for instance) between the photo-
graphic apparatus and the subject), and I proceed as follows:-I expose the
negative on albumenized paper, and afterwards roll it with greasy ink. I then
develop it in water, washing away the ink at those parts not having been fixed by
the light.
The subject is thus obtained in greasy ink on the albumenized paper
(which becomes a transfer paper), but with an excess of shades. I divide this
result at will by pressing the proof on a grained surface (stone, metal, or other),
and I next take a light dry proof on the prepared surface hereinbefore referred to,
and print over this a tint which is pressed across afterwards. I then give to the
artist the faithful masses, shapes, and details in half tones of the subject, and this
[Price 2d.1

page_text: on a surface offering all resources to the brush, pen, chalk, and scraper, so that all
that now remains for him to do is to develop and perfect the forms and shades, and
to open the gradated lights, to obtain a result in which the faithfulness of photo-
graphy will be enhanced and perfected by the artist's skill and talent."
I also propose to work the photograph when printed on the surface herein before
mentioned, by laying upon it any tint harmonizing with the subject, or by simply
embossing it with any kind of raised surface.
The embossed tint surface can also be prepared like the ordinary transfer paper
for direct transfer for lithography or zincography.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Gülich at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1881.
CARL GÜLICH, of the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German
Empire. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC AND OTHER
VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in public and other vehicles. The
object of my said Invention consists of an improved vehicle to be employed
instead of the customary omnibuses, which are all without proper ventilation. The
omnibuses at present employed are heavy, clumsy vehicles, so that the better class
of the travelling public are forced to resort to other means of conveyance, cabs, etc.
The vehicle constructed by me possesses all the advantages of the best tramway
cars, such as good ventilation, comfort, etc. The said vehicle is supported on
suitable springs, which are as usual connected to the body of the vehicle and to
the axle trees. The wheels are made of iron or other material, or iron tyres with
wooden nave and spokes, and are provided with thick rings of india rubber to
prevent all jolting of the vehicle. The windows can be movable or fixed; but I
prefer to fix them, as the ventilating arrangement provides for sufficient fresh air.
In summer the glass windows can be removed and replaced by frames, over which
silk or fine canvas, etc., is fastened, so as to ensure a cool vehicle on the system of
the pore ventilation without draught. The front panes are of bent glass, the
frames of which are preferably screwed to the vehicle, so that the said frames can
be readily replaced in case one of the panes should be broken. The panes are so
provided with thin india rubber strips or bands that no rattling can occur.
The
roof is so raised that a perfect ventilation is attained by means of small windows
in the said roof, which are so arranged that they can be opened for ventilation; or
in summer the glass can be replaced by silk or canvas or other suitable material,
so as to ensure perfect ventilation of the vehicle, and no draught can arise,
consequently the air remains pure without danger to the passengers. The bind
part of the vehicle is so provided with seats that if a passenger wishes to smoke
he can do so without molesting his fellow passengers. The seats in the interior of
the vehicle are so arranged that passengers can enter or leave without

page_text: inconvenience. Each person has a comfortable padded seat. In winter the
outside seats can be protected against wind and weather by screwing in two
suitable sash frames. Between these frames and the roof and the handrail to the
platform seats I introduce india rubber strips so as to prevent all rattling or noise.
If the said vehicle is to be employed in hilly districts, a suitable brake can be used,
which is operated by the driver.
IMPROVED MEANS OF HANGING OR SUPPORTING WINDOW SASHES AND BLINDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND AS A SASH FASTENER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jacob Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
EDWARD JACOB HILL, of Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVED MEANS OF HANGING OR SUPPORTING WINDOW SASHES AND BLINDS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND AS
A SASH FASTENER."
My Invention relates to improved means of hanging or supporting window
sashes, railway, and other carriage windows and blinds, whereby they may be
readily raised and lowered and retained at any height at which they may be placed.
To effect this I employ a rod or wire of brass, iron, or other material which is
attached to the door or window frame, either in the centre or at one of the sides
thereof. A small piece of brass, iron, or other material having an eye or hole in
one extremity large enough to work easily over the rod is mounted loosely in a
metal plate or frame which is screwed to the window sash either at the top, bottom,
or one of the sides. This piece of metal, which I term the gripping lever, works on
the frame as its fulcrum and acts as a holder. When the lever is perfectly
horizontal or at such an angle that the hole in the lever is in line with the rod, the
sash or window will move freely up and down, but when the end of the gripping
lever furthest from the hole falls, the eye of the lever grips the rod and prevents
the sash or window from descending. The gripping lever is brought into its
freeing position by a small mechanical contrivance worked by the hand, and which
when moved releases the grip on the rod and allows the window sash to descend.
When the sash in the case of a railway carriage is being raised in the ordinary
way by the strap or lift; the gripping lever slides freely upon the rod, but
immediately the hand is removed the weight of the window acts on the holder
frame and transmits the whole weight to the gripping lever, thereby causing the
lever to firmly grip the rod. There are many ways of operating the gripping lever
on the rod, either by spring or weight, the essential feature of the Invention being
the raising, holding, and lowering sashes by means of a movable holding lever
working upon a rod or wire.
Instead of a hole in the end of the lever to work over the rod, the end of the
gripping lever may be made in the form of a small hook, and the rod may be

page_text: placed in any part of the frame, either on a level with or above or below the sash.
The rod may also be attached to the sash, and the gripping lever holder to the
window frame.
The Invention is also applicable for the automatic locking of windows of
houses, &c., whereby they may be prevented from being opened from the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Vanlohe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1881.
JOHN CHARLES VANLOHE, of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, United
States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES."
My Invention relates particularly to a tube to be used in cops which are to be
steamed, bloached, or dyed, after being run on, and my improvements consist in
perforating or longitudinally grooving such tube to allow the bleaching and dyeing
liquors to enter freely and act upon the interior portion of the cop, thereby
securing an even colour throughout the yarn composing it. I prefer to make the
tube of an elastic material which will be unaffected by the bleaching or dyeing
agents such as vulcanized rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Cuthbert and George Hilton
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October
1881.
HUGH CUTHBERT and GEORGE HILTON SMITH, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH RAILWAY
SIGNALS."
Our Invention relates to the signals known as home and distance signals on
railway lines, and the objects of our improvements are to indicate if the driver of
a train has passed a signal when the signal was against him, and also in foggy
weather to warn the driver on a train approaching the signal when the signal is
against him.
We make use of an elbow lever, which we pivot on a stud fixed near the line,
and at any convenient distance from the signal post; this elbow lever is level with
the rails, and to one arm of it is connected a fog signal, and to the other arm is
attached a wire or chain connected to the lever in the signal box that actuates the
ordinary signal, or connected to the signal wire or lever.
When the signalman places the signal at danger the elbow lever is moved so as
to bring the fog sigual connected to it on to the rail, so that if the driver of a train
run past the signal the detonator will be exploded, thus proving that the signal
was against the driver at the time he passed it; if the detonator be not exploded
after the train has passed it will be obvious that the signal was not against the
driver at the time he passed it, as the elbow lever being connected to the signal
wire or lever always acts simultaneously with the signal.
For use in foggy weather we place a similar lever near the rails at a suitable
distance beyond the signal, to warn the driver when the signal is against him, by
placing a fog signal on the rail; this lever is always connected to the signal
station by a separate wire or chain, as it is used only in foggy weather.
MENTS IN BELT FASTENERS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Steil at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY STEIL, of Battersea, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN BELT FASTENERS."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to improvements in means for coupling the butt ends of
machinery driving belts, whether the same be made of cotton, leather, or india-
rubber, whereby all lacing and sewing is dispensed with.
In carrying out my Invention the belt ends are placed a short distance apart,
and on the top or outside of the belt a tempered steel plate is placed of suitable
length and thickness, the centre of the steel plate being placed over the space
between the ends of the belt. The extreme ends of the plate are secured to the
belt by wire staples placed transversely of the belt. These staples are passed up
through the belt and plate coupling from the underside, and the points are clenched
or turned over on the plate. At a short distance from the ends of the belt, and to
prevent their dropping, other staples are placed also transversely of the belt. These
staples are passed from the outside, first through slots provided for the purpose in
the plato, and then through the belt, and the ends are turned over and clenched on
the belt itself. These last mentioned staples I prefer should be half round, so that
they shall not offer resistance to the passage of the belt over the pulley. The
improved coupling being held only so far as the tensile strain is concerned at its
extreme ends, and being made of a flexible material will readily accommodate
itself to any sized drum, and will pass over it without jerk or jar.
The distance between the ends of the belt will vary according to the thickness
of the belt and the size of the pulley, but for ordinary purposes about one quarter
of an inch will be sufficient.
The object of this space is to allow the ends to approach each other as the
coupling bends round the pulley. For very thick belts the ends may be bevilled
off in addition.
The slots in the plate will allow of the longitudinal play of the staples as the
belt bends, and thereby all strain on the fastening and belt other than the tensile
strain, as well as on the staples, is avoided.
The number of staples employed may of course vary according to circumstances,
but in general one fixed and one sliding staple to each end of the belt will be
sufficient.
For a wide belt I prefer to use two or more plates in the width of the belt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS WITH VELVET OR PILE SURFACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert, Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Marie Antoinette, Hervey Gorges, Emile Legé, and Louis
Henri Goizet, all of Paris, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS WITH VELVET OR PILE SURFACES." [A communication
from abroad by Marie Antoinette, Hervey Gorges, Emile Lege, and Louis Henri
Goizet, all of Paris, France.]
Hitherto all velvet has been made in the loom, whether the cutting which
forms the pile be effected upon the loom by cutters, or whether the effect peculiar
to velvet be afterwards produced by shears, or by beating according to the well-
known "Montagnac" process. The new kind of velvet which is the object of this
Invention is essentially different with respect to the manner of producing the
same compared with the velvet manufactured in the ordinary manner. The velvet-
surfaces made according to my Invention are produced by means of a sewing
machine by making loose stitches which project in loops from the fabric to which
the material to form the pile is sewn, and afterwards submitting the stitches so
sewn to a shearing device which cuts the raised loops.
When producing a design to represent flowers and leaves with a raised pile
according to my Invention, the stalk and branches are sewn in ordinary chain
stitches, also the outlines of the blossom and leaves, but the body of the flowers
and leaves is filled in by sewing to the fabric in the said loose of looped stitches
the material to form the velvet surface, this being preferably produced by an
embroidering sewing machine. I do not however make exactly the stitch ordinarily
serving for imitating Astrachan fabric, as this stitch would not be sufficiently firm
or solid. A stitch is preferred which makes loops providing a more dense or firm
surface, and this is effected by deviating the crochet or looper with regard to the
needle to but a relatively small angle, say, about one half of that adopted for the
stitch producing the imitation of Astrachan.
The sewing having been thus effected, whether for a fancy design or plain, I
proceed to cut the loops which may be effected by hand by means of scissors or

page_text: with a razor; but I prefer to employ a shearing device which comprises a cutting
tool with blades for instance, one with spiral blades analogous to those heretofore
used for cutting ordinary velvet. The velvet surface thus produced has an
appearance which is very pleasing to the eye, and is of an entirely novel
character.
The fabrics produced according to my Invention may be used advantageously for
dress and for upholstering purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS AND CONCENTRATORS OR DIFFUSERS OF DAYLIGHT FOR DECK, FLOOR, PAVEMENT, ROOF, AND OTHER LIGHTS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hamilton and Frederick
Alma Hamilton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
September 1881.
FREDERICK HAMILTON and FREDERICK ALMA HAMILTON, Engineers, both of
Leadenhall House, 101, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London. IMPROVEMENTS
IN REFLECTORS AND CONCENTRATORS OR DIFFUSERS OF DAYLIGHT FOR DECK,
FLOOR, PAVEMENT, ROOF, AND OTHER LIGHTS."
The object of our Invention is to provide a better means of transmitting day-
light through openings in decks, floors, pavements, roofs, walls, or any other
openings as occasion may require.
We purpose using glass, bent, blown, cast, or moulded, with part or parts plain
or polished, or silvered by any of the well known means, or coated with any
material having a reflecting surface, as found adapted to the situation they are to
be placed in, and fixed by suitable means to the underside of the deck, floor,
pavement, roof, or other lights, so as to be air-tight or nearly so, to prevent dust or
other foreign matter resting upon the said reflectors, or the reflecting surface may
be constructed of metal or other material having a reflecting surface with glass
placed in front of the said metal or other material used to reflect the daylight, or
the reflecting surface may be constructed separately, made of glass silvered, or
rendered otherwise highly reflecting, and with plain or polished glass fixed in front
of the said reflecting surface airtight, or nearly so, with india rubber, putty, metal,
or other material packing or stopping, by suitable means to the underside of the
said lights.
In some positions it may be found necessary to protect or strengthen these
reflectors to prevent breakage, this can be effected by metal, wood, or other
material backing.
For the various uses of reflecting and concentrating, or reflecting and diffusing
the daylight, the reflecting surface, or the front or issuing face, may be flat,
concave, convex, curved, or corrugated in a vertical or horizontal plane.
In order that our Invention may be more fully understood, we will proceed to
describe the Drawings annexed hereto.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a section of three reflectors fixed on the underside of a frame glazed
with glass of a convex form on the underside; a, the reflecting face, is silvered;
a² is the front or issuing face; b is an india rubber packing; c is the stopend, with
hole d to allow for expansion of air, and to allow condensation to pass out.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of Fig 1.
Fig. 3 is a section of reflector with reflecting face a constructed separately from
the front or issuing face a¹, the reflecting face a is protected by the metal plate a²,
the surface z being silvered.
The same letters of reference on the sections denote similar parts.
1
AN IMPROVED PIGEON SHOOTING TRAP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Holledge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1881.
AARON HOLLEDGE, of No. 5, Langley Villas, Elmers End, Beckenham, Kent.
"AN IMPROVED PIGEON SHOOTING TRAP."
The improved trap which forms the object of my application for Patent is
constructed preferably (though not necessarily) of sheet iron. In form it resembles
when closed a quarter of a circle. The trap is firmly fixed to a floor or base.
The door of the trap is in front, and is formed to let in light and ventilation.
It is made in a piece with and at a right angle to the floor, the two combined
hinging or working upon an axle. In front of the door is a spring, and through
the back of the trap a pin passes.
The pin acts as a kind of stop to prevent the door from being pulled open by the
spring.
As soon as the stop pin is withdrawn the floor of the trap is released, and
revolving with the door on its axis not only allows the bird to escape, but imparts
an impetus to it, so that it is practically impossible for a live bird not to be
started.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mather at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881.
WILLIAM MATHER, of Newark on Trent, in the County of Nottingham,
Engineer, CHARLES COUSINS, of the City of Lincoln, Engineer, and HENRY WURR,
of Bloomfield Street, in the City of London, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS."
The object of our Invention is to construct boilers, and specially vertical boilers,
in such a manner as to obtain a greater amount of heating surface and more water
space than heretofore.
Our Invention consists, first, in the combination of a pocket, water space, or
interior chamber with vertical and hollow cross stays, the said pocket or interior
chamber being attached to a ring (of U, trough, or other suitable section) from
which it depends perpendicularly in the centre of the firebox, the said ring being
secured to the upright sides of an ordinary vertical fire box. This pocket or
interior chamber is provided with a flat bottom for the purpose of equally
distributing any solid deposit which may be formed therein.
The outer shell of the fire box is connected by one or more of the hollow cross
stays with the pocket or interior chamber, so as to allow free communication
between the water contained in the outer shell of the fire box and shell of the
boiler, and the water in said pocket or chamber, thereby establishing a complete
circulation of water, from the cooler descending current near the shell of the
boiler, and the hotter ascending current in the pocket or interior chamber.
A series of vertical uptake tubes are provided for carrying off the products of
combustion, and are fitted in the U or other suitably shaped ring to which the
inner chamber or pocket is attached. The said uptake tubes pass through the
crown of the boiler, and communicate with the chimney by means of an ordinary
cast iron dome.
Our Invention also relates to the fire bars constituting the grate, and has for its
object to construct such bars with a dished or concave upper surface, in order that
the fuel by its own gravity may tend always to fall together towards the centre
of the grate, thereby keeping the fire under the centre of the pocket, interior
chamber, or water space. These dished or concave fire bars are also applicable to
the grates of boilers other than vertical boilers.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STORING AND DISPLAYING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER GOODS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bailey Goodwin and William
Barsby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October
1881.
SAMUEL BAILEY GOODWIN and WILLIAM BARSBY, both of Leicester, in the
County of Leicester, Iron Founders. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STORING
AND DISPLAYING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER GOODS."
A central vertical shaft or pillar of iron or wood standing upon and fixed into the
centre of a circular foot of cast iron or other suitable material, and carrying at its
upper extremity a cap of similar size, shape, and material. A series of vertical
"horses," or frames of wood or iron radiating from the central pillar, and jointed or
hinged to the cap and foot by means of studs in the foot falling into holes in the
bottom of the frame, and studs at the top of the frame falling into corresponding
holes in the cap, or by other suitable attachment, so that each "horse
or frame
swings freely in its sockets independently of the central pillar and of the other frames,
and can be taken off and on at pleasure without interfering with them, each frame
having under its outer extremity a castor or roller to carry the weight of the
frame and the goods suspended therefrom, and to facilitate the movement of the
same.
"
"
"
A number of hooks or other similar appliances are fixed to the uprights of the
"horses or frames in such a way so as to carry horizontal poles from which the
boots or other goods are suspended.
The advantages of our improvement are that a larger number of boots or other
goods can be stored or displayed in the same space than by the methods now in
use, and that the said goods are more readily accessible to persons wishing to get at
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kitchen Hydes at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1881.
"
WILLIAM KITCHEN HYDES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of bicycles, and has
for its object the reduction of friction in the working thereof.
This Invention consists in so forming the head of the back bone, the head of the
front fork, and the socket of the steering handle as to receive an upper and a
lower set of anti-friction balls, the surfaces in contract with the balls being recessed
to receive them, the said parts being made plain, or being so made as that they
can be adjusted when wear takes place in the working surfaces thereof.
In carrying into effect my Invention I recess the upper part of the head of the
front fork, and the lower face of the head of the backbone to receive the lower
set of balls, and I recess the upper face of the head of the backbone and the lower
face of the socket of the steering handle to receive the upper set of balls.
To adjust the wearing surfaces the end of the head of the front fork is screwed
or chased, and a nut and washer are employed by which the head of the back bone
and socket of the steering handle are tightened on to the head of the front fork.
The socket of the steering handle is secured to the head of the front fork by a key
or otherwise.
To prevent the front fork being turned too far round by the steering handle, a
horizontal slot can be cut in the head of the backbone and a pin fixed in the head
of the fork, the travel of the pin in the slot controlling the distance that the fork
can be turned round.
IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ovid Topham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1881.
GEORGE OVID TOPHAM, of Maida Vale, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE."
• «< AN
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved motive power engine,
whereby I am enabled to utilize in an economical manner the pressure of water
in mains, or from a fall of water, or otherwise, or from compressed air.
In carrying out my Invention I employ an engine or apparatus constructed of
four plates hinged together in pairs at one end, the two inner and two outer plates
being also hinged or jointed to each other at the opposite end so as to open like a
book. Each pair of plates is surrounded at the edges by a suitable flexible
material, so that the whole forms two separate enclosed collapsible and expansible
spaces, which are connected together by a flexible tube. A suitable inlet is
provided for the water or other fluid, also a suitable outlet.
By this construction, if water or other fluid be allowed to enter the two enclosed
spaces through the herein before described inlet, the plates are thereby pushed
apart, and as the plates are hinged together a kind of compound leverage is
exerted by the opening of the plates, one of which may be connected by means of
a rod and crank or other arrangement for communicating rotary motion to a
driving shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MARINE-BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES WHERE GREAT HEAT IS REQUIRED
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Murfet, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS SPECIALLY
ADAPTED FOR MARINE-BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES WHERE GREAT HEAT
IS REQUIRED.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Murfet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1881.
ARTHUR MURFET, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MARINE BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES WHERE GREAT HEAT IS REQUIRED."
Each bar consists of a vertical web for a portion of its depth, the lower edge of
which is thicker than the upper part, above which the bar is gradually grooved,
until the top edge or face of the bar forms a number of oblongs, the open ends of
which lie exactly opposite the closed ends of the oblongs of the next adjacent bars
on each side of it; each bar has a square shoulder at each end; each shoulder is
grooved or slotted vertically of such form that when a number of bars are
placed in position, the upper surfaces occupy less space than the air space, and
likewise enables the stoker or other attendant to insert a pointed rake or pricker
bar, and clear the spaces of cinder or clinker from end to end at will,

page_text: Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
ARTHUR MURFET. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PLOUGHS OR STEAM PLOUGHING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Grimmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1881.
ROBERT GRIMMER, of Walsoken, in the County of Norfolk. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM PLOUGHS OR STEAM PLOUGHING MACHINERY."
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam ploughs or steam
ploughing machinery.
The implement consists of a main framing with three or more wheels, which
serve to support the entire weight of the machine. Two of the wheels are disposed
one on either side, one runs in the furrow and the other on the unploughed land;
the third wheel, which is at the rear, is made also to serve as a steering wheel; it
is fitted into the frame, so as to admit of it locking to any desired angle. One or
both of the side wheels are driven by spur or bevel gear, or by means of an endless
chain or other convenient arrangement of gearing from the crank shaft of the
engine.
The plough is carried between the side wheels and the steering wheel, and the
arrangement is such that the machine may travel round the field, beginning from
the outside and finishing at the middle; or it can be used to travel from end to
end or from side to side of the field.
I apply a winding drum on the furrow wheel to receive a rope fastened at the
headland, and by winding upon this rope the machine is assisted through a boggy
or wet part of the field.
This combined engine and plough can be made to operate a harrow and a seed
drill where desired.
By means of lever the plough can be set either deeper or fleeter as the machine
travels. Also by fixing a plough to each end the implement can be used for
ploughing backwards and forwards without travelling the headland.
In order to obtain a better hold on the ground I apply spuds to the side wheels.
These spuds are movable, and are made to project out through holes in the
peripheries of the wheels as they come round to the under side. This may be
effected by stationary eccentrics or cam surfaces, or by a cam surface connected
with the plough by a bent lever in such manner that as the resistance of the plough
and the draft of the implement increases the cam surface is brought lower down,
ГД.....

page_text: by which a greater projection of the spuds is obtained to meet the increased
resistance,
Or spuds fixed upon the peripheries of the wheels may in some cases be
employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The Drawing shews a plan and side elevation. A is the main framing of the
machine; it is supported upon two side wheels and a wheel in rear, viz. :-
L, the land wheel; F, the furrow wheel; and E, the steering wheel. The wheel E
is steered by a worm W and a hand wheel B. G is the boiler with the usual
fittings. The boiler may be either vertical or horizontal. H is the engine, and
Mits crank shaft. Motion is transmitted from the crank shaft M by pinions
gearing into toothed rings on the side wheel. The fly wheel is marked N, the
plough P, and the water tank R. D is the winding drum, and K the lever handle,
by which the plough is set deeper or fleeter. S, S, are spuds fixed on the wheels F
and L.
A NEW OR IMPROVED VENT PEG
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Whicker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1881.
ARTHUR WHICKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Commercial
Traveller. "A NEW OR IMPROVED VENT PEG."
My Invention consist of a new or improved vent peg constructed as herein after
described.
I make the body of the vent peg of a conical tube closed at its larger end or
head. I make the said body by preference of hard wood, but I do not limit myself
to the use of any particular material. In the head of the tubular body of
the vent peg a deep annular groove, by preference semi circular in cross section, is
made. In this groove a strong ring of vulcanized india rubber is placed, the said
ring fitting tightly in and closing the groove.
At one side of the annular groove described a cross passage is made. This cross
passage opens at one end into the central passage in the tubular body of the vent
peg, and at its other end into the annular groove. It is through this cross passage
that a communication may be established or cut off between the external air and
the interior of the cask or barrel with which the vent peg is used.
In using the vent peg its smaller end is driven into the cask or barrel in the
ordinary way, the head of the vent peg projecting from the said cask or barrel. So
long as the india rubber ring is in its place in the annular groove in the head of the
vent peg, the cross passage in the said peg is closed and no air can pass into the
cask or vessel. When it is wished to admit air to the cask or barrel, that side of
the india rubber ring which closes the cross passage in the annular groove is lifted by
the finger or thumb from off the said cross passages; a communication between the
external air and the interior of the cask or barrel is thus established, and air enters
the cask or barrel through the vent peg. By loosing the india rubber ring it
contracts upon and closes the cross passage in the annular groove, and air is again
cut off from the cask or barrel.
In place of a single cross passage in the groove in the head of the vent peg, two
or more cross passages may be employed. In this case the raising of any part of
the india rubber ring will result in the opening of at least one of the said passages,
and permit air to enter the cask or barrel.
Vent pegs made according to my Invention are simple in construction, readily
used, and are not liable to derangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING SAD IRONS, DRYING ROOMS, BOILING WATER, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thompson and Charles Morris
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1881.
JOHN THOMPSON and CHARLES MORRIS, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING SAD IRONS, DRYING
ROOMS, BOILING WATER, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Our Invention has for its object improvements in stoves for heating sad irons,
drying rooms, boiling water and other purposes whereby greater convenience is
afforded for the purposes herein named, and great economy of space with a small
expense of fuel.
The appearance of our stoves in the front is that of the lower part or frustum of
a pyramid, but the fourth or back side is vertical because we attach the boiler for
heating water to the stove at that position. This boiler which is made of wrought
iron rises higher considerably than the top of the stove, and the smoke pipe passes
into this boiler and turns up and passes out through the top of the boiler, where
immediately above the top of the boiler it is provided with a suitable baffler
valve by which the smoke and draft is regulated.
A suitable vertical plate at the back of the stove covers the boiler from view,
and the boiler is screwed or bolted to this plate.
Behind the upper part of this plate and between the boiler and the plate is a.
slot or space in which we drop a back plate when the stove is bricked in as a
range.
When the stove is closed up two sad irons can rest on the top, two on the
inclined front door, and two on back of the two inclined sides, this new pyramidal
shape being most favourable for resting the irons securely against the sides and
front. When the front is turned down the hinge takes into suitable notches for
securing the door in a horizonal position, and the door then serves the purpose of a
hanging bar.
At or near the top of the front plate we fix a filler, which communicates with
the boiler through the back plate, on which we fix a lid, and a little lower. down
we fix a gauge glass to indicate the height of water in the boiler.

page_text: The pipe for emptying the boiler may come out to the front from either the left
or right hand side from a suitable boss, the top projecting from the front so as to
afford facilities for placing any vessel underneath.
We generally make the stoves self contained to stand on a frame over an ash
pan covered by bars, but they may be bricked in the recess. The front bars of the
grate are in one piece and will lift out when desired.
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS APPLICABLE TO WATER CISTERNS, PIPES, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING A SUPPLY OF WATER DURING FROST."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Padwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1881.
WILLIAM FREDERICK PADWICK, of Redhill, in the County of Surrey. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS APPLICABLE TO WATER CISTERNS, PIPES, OR OTHER
RECEPTACLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENSURING A SUPPLY OF WATER DURING
FROST."
My Invention relates to means to be employed in connection with water cisterns,
pipes, or other receptacles for water, for the purpose of maintaining the water
contained therein above freezing point, or thawing the same if frozen, in order to
insure a supply of water during frosty weather.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a hollow vessel, by preference of a conical
form on its interior and exterior, the base of the external cone being uppermost,
and that of the internal cone at the lower end of the vessel.
This vessel is provided at its upper end with a series of tubes (say, for example,
four) communicating with the body of the vessel and also opening into a chamber,
above which is provided with or adapted to a pipe for attachment to the cistern or
receptacle to which the apparatus is to be applied. When therefore the receptacle
contains water and the apparatus is attached to it, the vessel with its chamber
and connecting tubes will also be filled with water. By applying then a burner to
the interior of the vessel I am enabled to maintain with a minimum of heating
power the required temperature in the vessel, as from the peculiar shape and
arrangement of the vessel a very large surface is exposed to the action of the heat.
As then this vessel is in communication with the cistern or receptacle containing
the water which is required for use, the heat is communicated to the same, so that
the liability of the supply being interrupted during frost is entirely obviated.
If desired, in order to facilitate the circulation of the water an additional com-
municating pipe may be provided between the cistern or receptacle and the
beating vessel, in which case this additional pipe may be conveniently arranged in
the interior of the pipe which forms the connection between the cistern or receptacle
and the said vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Scott Collinge, Edward
Cullinge, and Robert Collinge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 23rd November 1881.
RICHARD SCOTT COLLINGE, EDWARD COLLINGE, and ROBERT COLLINGE, all of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"
This Invention relates to that part of a loom known as the tappet or shedding
motion, which imparts a positive up and down motion to each heald to forin the
shed required at each pick; and the object of the Invention is to construct a inore
simple apparatus than hitherto employed, which can be readily adapted to alter
the positions of the healds any required number of times, in order to weave any
desired number of picks to the round.
For this purpose a barrel (preferably four sided) is arranged at one side of the
loom to revolve in a suitable framing, being driven by means of a pinion on the
crank shaft of the loom in gear with a toothed wheel on the barrel shaft so as to
move one face of the barrel for every pick of the loom.
On this barrel works an endless chain of lags provided with projections or pegs
somewhat similar to those of a "lobby."
These lags fit into a space formed in every side of the barrel, so that as the
latter revolves it engages the lags one at a time, the chain being held in place by
passing over a freely revolving barrel mounted above.
We arrange a series of curved tappet levers to rock on an axis parallel to that
of the first mentioned barrel in positions corresponding to those of the pegs or
projections on the lags. Each of these levers is connected by a wire or other
suitable means to one arm of a double catch lever pivotted at the centre and
carried at one end of a long tappet treadle lever, the other end of which is
connected in the usual manner to one of the healds of the loom.
The other arm of this double catch lever is connected by a spring to its treadle
lever which is provided at either side near this end with a projection (hereinafter
described) which serves as a double stop to limit the action of the spring and the
tappet lever.
One end of the double catch lever is held by the spring so as to catch against
the under edge of a horizontal bar or "knife" stretching across the frame and

page_text: constantly moved up and down by any convenient means; but when a projection
on one of the lags comes into contact with its tappet lever it releases this end of
the catch lever from the bar or knife and pulls the other end or catch into position
to be actuated by a secoud bar or knife which moves in the reverse direction to
the first.
Thus it will be seen that each double catch lever is moved at every pick of the
loom, either up or down, carrying with it the end of its treadle lever and thus
actuating tho henlds.
The length of the above named projections on the treadle levers is such that one
edge of each of the knives rests against one of these projections whilst the other
edge is caught by one end of one of the catch levers, and the knife or bar is thus
held in a positive grip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICKING BANDS FOR LOOMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1881.
JOHN TAYLOR, of Newchurch, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PICKING BANDS FOR
LOOMS."
The Invention relates to the manufacture of picking bands for looms, and
consists in the application of a woven fabric prepared and treated in a peculiar
manner, so as to form bands suitable for use in looms for weaving in lieu of the
leather bands or straps at present used for connecting the "picker" actuating the
shuttle with the "picking stick."
-
To accomplish this and and to effect my improvements, I prepare a strong woven
fabric, by preference of the circular woven or tubular form, and fold the same
fourfold or any suitable number of folds according to the strength required. I then
sew the same together either by hand or machine, and cut to the required lengths
for picking bands.
I then treat the bands so prepared, or it may be before such preparation, with
melted paraffin wax by placing them in a bath of the same, or in any other manner,
saturating the fibres therewith, which gives the required pliability and constant
lubrication in use, and renders the same an economical substitute for the leather
bands at present used.
The woven fabrics may be of cotton, flax, or wool, and a modified result may be
obtained by boiling or saturating the same in linseed or other oils.
APPARATUS FOR PARING THE 'CURLS' OF FELT HAT BRIMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Grimshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1881.
RICHARD GRIMSHAW, of Stockport, in the County of Chester.
APPARATUS FOR PARING THE 'CURLS' OF FELT HAT BRIMS."
" IMPROVED
This Invention relates to that class of paring machines wherein the felt hat is
fitted onto a "brow block" carried by a revolving table, whilst the "curl" is cut
by means of a knife which is guided in the required curve by means of a cam or
"former" attached to the revolving table.
My Invention consists, firstly, of a peculiar foot and fixed knife for holding and
cutting the curl, and, secondly, an arm and slide for carrying the combined foot
and fixed knife.
The foot is formed of an L-shaped piece of brass or other metal, the vertical
limb of which is provided with a slot to admit a bolt by means of which it can be
fixed (and adjusted in height) on the outer end of the arm. The horizontal limb
of this foot is curved beneath, and has a notch cut in one side to receive.and support
the point of the knife. The foot presses on the top of the "curl" and prevents the
knife from cutting through the brim.
The knife is formed of a fixed blade provided with a slot at its upper part for
adjusting and fixing it on the end of the arm, and its point is made in a V-shape
and sharpened at the edges.
The arm is adjustable horizontally in a slot in the slide and is fixed by means of
a set screw.