An Improved Process for Removing Mineral Oil Stains from Vegetable Fabrics.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 19th June, 1895-Accepted, 25th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Removing Mineral Oil Stains from
Vegetable Fabrics.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by the Firm of S. Wallach & Co.
and Etienne Schweitzer of Mülhausen, Alsace, German Empire,) to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide means for the removal from vegetable
fabrice of mineral oil stains, with which vegetable fibres are apt to be soiled in the
process of being woven; such stains being incapable of being removed by soap
and withstanding even the effect of the subsequent bleaching operations. Bleaching
does indeed, cause them to disappear at first; but when, at a later stage, the fabric
is dyed, the stains re-appear, usually assuming a comparatively pale shade or hue,
where substantive dyes are used, and a darker or deeper shade, in the case of
mordanted colours; or they may re-appear in the course of the printing, and
dressing or finishing operations.
The method which has hitherto been adopted, with a view to removing such
stains, has consisted in locally rubbing or "mopping "the stained parts with
benzine, the material being in the crude or unfinished state. Apart, however, from
the danger attending the employment of benzine, the method in common with
hand operations generally offered no guarantee of proper performance. Besides,
when once the material has been singed, even benzine will fail to remove the
stains.
Now this invention enables mineral oil stains to be taken out of vegetable
fabrics, mechanically by treatment as hereinafter described; and the said invention
is based upon the observation, made by my foreign correspondents, that certain
oils, whether in a concentrated or in a diluted condition, possess the property of
entirely removing the objectionable stains, by dissolving the mineral oil thereof.
Among the oils which possess such property are aniline, crude aniline oil, resin
oil, Turkey-red oil, and others. The oil or oils selected can be added to the soap
solution before or after introduction into the "bucking" tub or boiler. The best
results are obtained by the employment of small quantities of aniline or crude
aniline oil (ie. oil containing homologues of aniline), which will very readily
dissolve in a solution of any kind of soap, such as colophony soap, oleine-soap,
Marseilles soap, or the like.
For cotton, both of the two following methods have proved effective.
The pieces of material are steeped in a solution of 6 litres of aniline, or aniline
oil (i.e. oil containing homologues of aniline), or any of the aniline homologues
themselves; from 4 to 5 kilogrammes of soap, and 100 litres of water; the
proportions of aniline and soap are however, variable according to requirements.
The fabric is preferably left in the solution for a time, say from half an hour to
ive hours, and is then transferred to the bucking tub, wherein it is treated in the
ordinary manner; after which the bleaching operation is completed as usual.
Or the pieces of material may be placed in the bucking tub or lye-boiler, and
hen the lye in which aniline has been dissolved is introduced or after the

page_text: introduction of the material into the ordinary lye, a proper proportion of aniline
oil is admitted into the said boiler or tub.
From 10 to 15 litres of aniline will generally suffice for 200 pieces of material.
The material treated in the manner described, in the process of steaming,
acquires far less of the yellow tinge, which is generally assumed by fabrics
bleached by the present method; nor is the firmness or strength of the fibre, of
the material diminished.
Other oils, such as resin-oil, Turkey red oil and the like, may be used in the lye,
but aniline, or aniline oil is preferable.
Material which has been treated in the manner described above, after having
been dyed and finished, retains none of the mineral oil spots, even though it be
dyed the most sensitive or delicate shades of colour, such as for example green,
olive," vizier
""mode."
2966
or,"
Material which, after undergoing the dyeing and finishing operations, has
retained its mineral oil stains, may be freed from them by treatment with an
aniline soap solution (containing for example 1 litre of soap per 100 grammes of
aniline). The material which has thus been dealt with must, of course, go through
a supplemental dyeing process.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
An Improved Process for Removing Mineral Oil Stains from
Vegetable Fabrics.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by the Firm of S. Wallach & Co. and
Etienne Schweitzer of Mulhausen, Alsace Gerinan Empire) and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide means for the removal from vegetable
fabrics of mineral oil stains, with which vegetable fibres are apt to be soiled in
the process of being woven; such stains being incapable of being removed by
soap and withstanding even the effect of the subsequent bleaching operations.
Bleaching does sometimes cause them to disappear; but when, at a later stage, the
fabric is dyed, the stains reappear, usually assuming a comparatively pale shade or
hue, where substantive dyes are used, and a darker or deeper shade, in the case of
mordanted colours; or they may reappear in the course of the printing, and
dressing, or finishing, operations.
66
The method which has hitherto been adopted, with a view to removing such
stains, has consisted in locally rubbing or mopping" the stained parts with
benzine, the material being in the crude, or unfinished state. Apart, however, from
the danger attending the employment of benzine, the method (in common with
hand operations generally) offered no guarantee of proper performance. Besides,
when once the material has been singed, even benzine will fail to remove the
stains.
Now this invention enables mineral oil stains to be taken out of vegetable
fabrics mechanically, by treatment as hereinafter described; and the said invention
is based upon the observation, made by my foreign correspondents, that certain
oils, whether in a concentrated, or in a diluted condition, possess the property of
entirely removing the objectionable stains by dissolving the mineral oil thereof.

page_text: "
Among the oils which possess such property are aniline, crude aniline oil, phenol,
and others, also resin oil, Turkey red-oil, and the like. The oil or oils selected
can be added to the soap solution before, or after, introduction into the "
"bucking
tub, or boiler. The best results are obtained by the employment of small
quantities of aniline, or crude aniline oil, (i.e.: oil containing homologues of
aniline) or phenol, which will very readily dissolve in a solution of any kind of
Boap, such as colophony soap, oeline-soap, Marseilles soap or the like.
For cotton, both of the two following methods have proved effective :-
The pieces of material are steeped in a solution of 6 litres of aniline, or aniline
oil (ie. oil containing homologues of aniline) or any of the aniline homologues
themselves; from 4 to 5 kilogrammes of soap, and 100 litres of water; the
proportions of aniline and soap are however, variable according to requirements.
The fabric is preferably left in the solution for a time, say from half an hour to
five hours and is then transferred to the bucking tub, wherein it is treated in the
ordinary manner; after which the bleaching operation is completed as usual.
Or the pieces of material may be placed in the bucking tub or lye-boiler, and
then the lye in which one of the aforesaid oils has been dissolved is introduced, or
after the introduction of the material into the ordinary lye, a proper proportion of
the said oil is admitted into the said boiler or tub.
From 10 to 15 litres of aniline or from 6 to 7 litres of phenol will generally
suffice for 2,000 kilogrammes of material.
The material treated in the manner described, in the process of steaming,
acquires far less of the yellow tinge, which is generally assumed by fabrics
bleached by the present method; nor is the firmness or strength of the fibre, of
the material diminished.
Resin-oil and Turkey-red oil may be used in the lye, but as stated aniline, or
aniline oil or phenol, is preferable.
Material which has been treated in the manner described above, after having
been dyed and finished, retains none of the mineral oil spots, even though it be
dyed the most sensitive or delicate shades of colour, such, as green, olive "vicil-or "
and "mode" for example.
Material which, after undergoing the dyeing and finishing operations, has
retained its mineral oil stains, may be freed from them by treatment with a soap
solution (containing for example 100 grammes of aniline to each litre of soap.
The material which has thus been dealt with must, of course, go through a
supplemental dyeing process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
The treatment of vegetable fabrics for removing mineral oil stains by means of
aniline or crude aniline oil, phenol or the equivalents thereof as hereinbefore
explained.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.