Improvements in the Manufacture of Elastic Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26 h Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896 ·
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Elastic Wheel Tyres.
I, WILLIAM BOWDEN of Barlow Range, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, in the County
of Lancaster, Director do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates chiefly to wheel-tyres of elastic india-rubber and consists
in the improved construction or manufacture of the same by which the tyre is
rendered much more durable and the resiliency thereof increased.
Hitherto such tyres have been made having a solid section which made them
heavy and expensive, besides being much inferior in resiliency to pneumatic elastic
tyres, and also having a small hollow core therein, which though it improved them
as far as resiliency, weight and costliness were concerned they were not sufficiently
durable, frequently breaking or splitting through to the core.
According to this invention the tyre is made having a series of layers of india-
rubber and yarn or an equivalent fibrous material, the latter so disposed that in
the direction of the tread or in the plane of the wheel the yarn or its equivalent
passes across the section in threads each of which is coated with india-rubber or
separated one from another by india-rubber, the innermost and outermost layers
being preferably of india-rubber.
In carrying out my invention I may build up the tyre in the following way, that
is to say I first use a core consisting of a comparatively small tube of india-rubber,
or in place of this a solid core of say very soft india-rubber or compound thereof.
I cover this core with a helical winding of yarn or the equivalent thereof, which I
previously coat with elastic india-rubber or caoutchouc by passing it through a
bath of the same when in a plastic or soluble state, the coils of the coated yarn
lying close together. I then cover the part so formed wholly or in part with a
covering of india-rubber or caoutchouc to form the tread or wearing part or face
and vulcanise the whole together. Or in some cases I may simply solution the
layers or some of them together.
In some cases also I may, after winding the central core with the coated yarn or
the equivalent thereof, cover the whole with a second winding of the yarn, and, if
I so desire, separate the two coils by a layer of india-rubber or caoutchouc and
then apply the tread portion.
One layer, two or more layers of the helically-wound coated yarn may be used
with or without intermediate layers of india-rubber between.
In a modification of my invention in place of the helical winding or windings of
the coated yarn I may use a fabric in which some of the longitudinal threads are
omitted. The core of the tyre is covered with this fabric in such manner that the
cross threads lie across the section in the direction of the tread or across the plane
of the wheel, either at right angles thereto or diagonally, the longitudinal threads
or the selvages of the fabric running longitudinally at the sides of the tyre. The
cross threads are previously coated with india-rubber or caoutchouc or are pressed
into the core or layer or layers lying in contact so that the threads are separated
one from another.
I may use one or more than one layer of this fabric and when the free or open
threads are laid diagonally, preferably two layers are so disposed as to cross at
about right angles to one another.

page_text: The vulcanisation of the tyre may take place in successive stages or at one
operation.
,
Dated this 25th day of April 1895.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Elastic Wheel Tyres.
I, WILLIAM BOWDEN of Merlewood, Sale in the County of Chester formerly
of Barlow Range, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, in the County of Lancaster, Director do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates chiefly to wheel tyres of elastic india-rubber and consists
in the improved construction or manufacture thereof by which the tyre is rendered
much more durable and the resiliency thereof increased.
Hitherto elastic india-rubber tyres have in many cases been made having a
solid section which made them heavy and expensive and much inferior in resiliency
to pneumatic elastic tyres; and in other cases in order to obtain the maximum
amount of resiliency with the minimum amount of weight or of india-rubber a
hollow core has been formed in the tyre, which however was not generally satisfactory,
the material frequently breaking or splitting through to the core.
According to this invention I build the tyre up from yarn or other suitable
fibrous material and india-rubber so that the tyre when built up consists of a series
layers which are united together at completion. There is preferably a hollow or
solid elastic india-rubber core, but it may consist of any other suitable material
surrounded with india-rubber. The body of the tyre is formed of india-rubber
cord, having a core of yarn, cotton or other suitable fibrous material which is
wound round the core of the tyre, and when two windings are employed they are
preferably wound right and left hand.
The jacketing of the fibrous material being comparatively. thin, a tread part
preferably forming a jacket is secured to the body of the tyre by cement or is
vulcanised thereto. This tread part is of elastic india-rubber and it may have a
layer or backing of canvas or other suitable fabric which will be between the
tread part and the body of the tyre,
The sheet of drawings attached hereunto illustrates the method of forming or
building up a tyre in accordance with my invention, and illustrates the relative
positions of the different layers and a method of joining up the body of the tyre
which is made necessarily in a disjointed length, or in lengths.
to
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal view of a portion of a tyre made according
my invention, illustrating the method of winding the jacketed yarn;
Figure 2 represents a cross section of a complete tyre so made;
Figure represents a longitudinal view illustrating the method of winding the
jacketed yarn when two windings are employed;
Figure 4 represents a cross section of a complete tyre so made;
Figure 5 illustrates a modified method of winding;
Figure 6 a part longitudinal section of the tyre shewing a method of forming a
joint; and
Figure 7 illustrates a cross-section of a tyre made according to my invention,
and formed to carry wire or other bands by which to secure the tyre to the
felloe.

page_text: Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a represents a mandrel upon which the tyre or
length from which the tyre is formed is built up; b represents a hollow core of
india-rubber or other suitable material-for instance a tube of canvas or other
fibrous material may be used. Preferably however partly cured or uncured
india-rubber may with advantage be used as a base for the winding c. This
winding e consists of a strand or strands, or fibrous cord c¹ of any suitable fibrous
material, which is first coated by passing the strands or cord through a bath of
elastic india-rubber in solution, or otherwise, and then winding the jacketed cord
so formed, upon the base & keeping the coils close together. The cord e before
being wound may be partly cured if desired. The coil and base together are then
subjected to the necessary temperature to vulcanise the whole to a suitable degree:
After removing the part so formed from the mandrel it is cut to lengths required
and bent round to form the body of the tyre, a suitable joint Fig. 6 being then
made. A circular band to form the tread part d is made of elastic india-rubber
and in some cases lined or partly lined with canvas or other fabric d' and then
cemented to the body. Figure 3 represents another method of forming the body
of the tyre by employing two coated or jacketed cords c³, c³ one of which is wound
in a right hand direction and one in a left hand direction. Figure 5 illustrates
another modified method of winding in which two jacketed cords c, e are wound
on side by side. In some cases three or more parallel cords may be wound on
together, and two or more layers as desired, each layer preferably being wound in
the opposite direction to the one next to it.
The tread part may be applied to the body part when both are in an uncured or
partly cured state, and the whole then vulcanised together, or the tread part may
be simply solutioned or cemented to the body part after both have been vulcanise:
separately.
The windings, when two or more are employed may be separated by a layer of
india-rubber or other suitable material, or separated from the tread part in a
similar way, the separating layer being in a similar state to that of the coils.
I may also dispense with the base 6 and wind the coils directly on to the
mandrel.
The tyre so formed may be secured in any suitable way to the rim or felloe of
the wheel, for instance the tyre may be cemented on, or may be secured by passing
a wire or wires e, Fig. 7, or other band or bands through the cover or head part of
the tyre or through the hollow core.
The external form of the tyre may be varied to suit any system of securing to
the rim or felloe.
The hollow core may also be afterwards packed with any suitable substance in
order to enable a tyre of a given size or weight to carry a greater load than
otherwise intended.
By this construction or manufacture of the tyre the fibrous core running
crosswise of the tyre effectually prevents the tyre from splitting to the hollow or
central core, and also prevents to a great extent transverse expansion, while it
allows of longitudinal expansion of the tread part enabling the tread to quickly
recover its normal outline after passing over an obstacle, thereby facilitating
progress.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The construction or manufacture of elastic india-rubber wheel tyres
substantially as described hereinbefore and illustrated in the drawings.
Second. The method of building up the body of an elastic india-rubber wheel
tyre from uncured or partly cured india-rubber cord having a core of fibrous
material, which is wound helically upon a mandrel in one layer or more than one
and vulcanised to the desired degree so that the coils adhere together, substantially
as described herein before and illustrated in the drawings.

page_text: Third. The construction of an elastic india-rubber wheel tyre in which the body
of the tyre is built up from india-rubber cord having a core of fibrous material
helically wound upon a mandrel in one layer or more than one, and covered with
a jacket or faced with a tread part of india-rubber or of india-rubber and canvas
the several parts or layers and coils being cemented or vulcanised together
substantially as described hereinbefore.
Fourth. The construction of a tyre of elastic india-rubber having an internal
part formed of helically coiled india-rubber cord with fibrous core, cut to desired
length and suitably jointed and covered with an endless band of india-rubber or
india-rubber and canvas forming the tread part substantially as described herein-
before and as illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 24th day of January 1896.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.