Improvements in Means or Appliances for Exhausting and Con- suming Foul Air or Gases from Sewers or other Places Containing Foul Air or Gases, and for Effecting Ventilation of the same, Applicable also for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 21st Sept., 1888
Improvements in Means or Appliances for Exhausting and Con-
suming Foul Air or Gases from Sewers or other Places
Containing Foul Air or Gases, and for Effecting Ventilation
of the same, Applicable also for Heating Purposes.
I STEPHEN HOLMAN of 15 Great George Street in the City of Westminster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows :-
My Invention relates mainly to the class of appliance for exhausting and consuming
foul air or gases from sewers and other places containing foul air or gases and for
effecting ventilation of the same such as is described in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 11255 of 22nd September 1885 granted to George Ratcliffe Keeling and
my Invention has for its object to render such apparatus more efficient in action and
complete in its effects and to economize the consumption of town gas used to effect the
exhaustion.
According to my invention 1 place over the burner an arrangement of passages by
which the heat of the said burner is efficiently taken up before it is allowed to escape
and by which the foul air or gases are exhausted & consumed or rendered innocuous
in a correspondingly more efficient manner than would otherwise be the case-With
this object I make a series of passages above the burner through which the heated
products from the burner pass on their way to the outlet of the shaft or column the
said passages preferably taking a vertical zig-zag or circuitous path-A suitable
arrangement for the purpose consists of a series of cones with webs thereon to give a
number of passages and a correspondingly large heating surface. These cones may be
arranged one above and partly within the other with the larger ends alternately upwards
and downwards and the webs alternately inside and outside the cones so as to present
zig zag paths of any determined length for the passage of the products of combustion.
The burner used may be an ordinary atmospheric burner but I prefer concentric rings
of jets or circular or argand burners with a gas supply and air supply beneath. The

page_text: amount of air admitted may be regulated by a loose collar or the like for obstructing
or opening the air inlets. The upper part of the aforesaid arrangement may have a
tube over it extending some distance into the shaft or column and leaving a space
between its exterior and the interior of the shaft or column for giving protection
against rapid cooling by external air acting on exterior of the shaft or column. This
space may be an air space or may be filled with a non-conducting material or the
column or shaft may be lined with a non conductor to prevent cooling.
Where it is desirable to remove extremely foul or ignitable or explosive gases which
may have collected and it is undesirable or unsafe to light the burner in the first
instance I may provide in the column or shaft an attachment for a steam jet by which
stean may be used to effect the preliminary exhaustion of the gases before the burner
is lighted.
The arrangement of cones described is applicable also for heating purposes and for
ventilation generally.
T
1000
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Means or Appliances for Exhausting and Con-
suming Foul Air or Gases from Sewers or other Places
Containing Foul Air or Gases, and for Effecting Ventilation
of the same, Applicable also for Heating Purposes.
I, STEPHEN HOLMAN of 15 Great George Street in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention relates mainly to the class of appliance for exhausting and consuming
foul air or gases from sewers and other places containing foul air or gases and for
effecting ventilation of the same such as is described in the Specification of Letters
Patent 11255 of 22nd September 1885 granted to George Ratcliffe Keeling-and
my Invention has for its object to render such apparatus more efficient in action
and complete in its effects and to economize the consumption of town gas used to
effect the exhaustion.
According to my Invention I place over the burner an arrangement of passages by
which the heat of the said burner is efficiently taken up before it is allowed to escape
and by which the foul air or gases are exhausted and consumed or rendered innocuous
in a correspondingly more efficient manner than would otherwise be the case.
With this object I make a series of zig zag or circuitous passages above the burner
through which the heated products from the burner pass on their way to the outlet of
the shaft or column the said passages being formed by means of a combination
of cones constructed with ribs or webs affording a large heating surface as hereinafter
described.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in section an apparatus according
to my invention applied to a ventilating column for exhausting and consuming foul
air or gases.
Fig. 2 represents the ventilating column in elevation showing the application of the
invention to a ventilating column also acting as a lamp post.
Fig. 3 represents in vertical section a heating stove constructed according to this
invention.
The apparatus according to the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawing is
constructed with a gas burner A of any suitable construction but preferably arranged
to give a number of small radiating jets as indicated in the illustration. This burner
is surrounded by a hollow truncated cone B the inner surface of which is provided
with a series of ribs or webs 6 the jets from the burner being arranged to correspond
with the spaces between the ribs in order to more effectually heat the ascending air

page_text: This cone supports an inverted hollow cone C within which there are
provided a series
of cones D provided with straight or other webs or ribs d so arranged that cach inner
cone is supported by these webs or ribs d resting on the inner surface of the adjacent
outer cone and the spaces between these webs or ribs form passages for the heated air
and products of combustion from the burner.
These cones are surmounted by another series of cones E provided on their
internal surfaces with ribs or webs e. In the centre of the cones E being supported
by the cones D is placed a cylindrical heater G provided with radial webs y for the
purpose of increasing the area of heating surface presented to the ascending air. The
outlet opening at the upper part of the cones E is surmounted by an adjustable
regulating cone H likewise provided with internal ribs h.
This cone is provided with wedge shaped projections i working in corresponding
recesses in the upper edge of the outer cone E so that by turning the cone H it can
be elevated to any required height for the purpose of adjusting the area of the
opening for the lateral discharge of the ascending air. When this lateral opening
is closed the whole of the air and products of combustion escape through a central
passage
k.
This regulating cone serves to regulate the action and prevent sudden downward
currents from accidentally extinguishing the jets and thus enable very small jets
consuming a relatively small quantity of gas to be employed. The outer surfaces
of the cones and the inner surfaces of the column may be covered with a layer of
asbestos or other nonconducting material in order to prevent waste of heat. The
whole of this combination of cones is enclosed in the base of a ventilating column
which may also serve as a large column as in the example illustrated.
The upper part of the column is provided with a ventilator K constructed to prevent
the burner from being affected by down draught. This ventilator is composed of two
cones presenting an annular orifice between them the area of which orifice may be
regulated by means of screws or other suitable devices. This orifice affords a lateral
discharge of the air and is protected by an outer cone or shield L open at the upper
and lower edges enabling the air or products of combustion to escape either in an
upward or downward direction according to the action of the prevailing currents.
A deflecting plate M may be employed above the shield L to deflect the air if desired.
This arrangement or combination of cones forms a ventilator which may be employed
for ventilating purposes generally.
Where it is desirable to exhaust very foul or inflammable gases which may have
collected in the sewer rendering it unsafe to light the burner in the first instance
these gases may be exhausted by means of a steam jet N from a jet pipe passing
through the side of the column and pointing upwards as indicated in the drawing.
In order to prevent the jet from being accidentally extinguished by strong currents
of air passing through the sewer I construct a chamber O adjacent to the column
with a partition P extending in front of the opening communicating with the sewer
and suspend a flap a in front of the opening immediately communicating with the
ventilating column in such a position that when a strong current passes through the
sewer this flap is forced against and tends to close this opening thus preventing the jets
from being extinguished.
The lower ribbed cone B becomes heated and has the effect of heating the air passing
to the burner A and the superposed ribbed cones likewise become highly heated and
by reason of their peculiar arrangement compel the ascending foul gases and
products of combustion to be brought intimately into contact with an extended area
of heated surface.
When applied to heating and ventilating purposes the apparatus according to this
invention may be constructed as illustrated in fig. 3. The arrangement of the ribbed
cones B D and E is similar to that hereinbefore described in connection with the
ventilating column but the number of cones is or may be increased to any desired
extent in order to provide a larger amount of heating surface and more completely
utilise the heat from the burner. This combination of cones is enclosed in a
casing S of any suitable form provided with apertures s for the admission of the

page_text: surrounding air to the space between the casing and the outer surface of the cones.
The burner may be supplied with air either from the interior or the exterior of
the building through a pipe T leading to a chamber T¹ in the lower part of the
casing and communicating with the burner and the interior ribbed surfaces of the
cones.
The upper part of the stove casing is provided with a swivelling head U with
moveable openings working over corresponding stationary openings in the case in order
to regulate the action of the apparatus.
The products of combustion may be drawn off through a pipe connected with the
upper cone and passing through the casing to any desired exit. With this object the
swivelling head is constructed with a removeable plate R which may be removed for
the introduction of the said pipe.
and ascertained the nature of this
Having now particularly described
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. An apparatus consisting of a cone provided with ribs or webs for heating air
passing to a burner in combination with a series of cones arranged one within the
other and placed with their bases or larger ends alternately upwards and downwards
the said cones being provided with webs forming zig zag or circuitous passages all
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
2. An apparatus consisting of a cone provided with ribs or webs for heating air
passing to a burner in combination with a series of cones arranged one above the
other as set forth the said cones being surmounted by an adjustable cone for the
purpose of preventing down draughts and controlling regulating the action of
the apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
3. An apparatus consisting of a combination of cones as hereinbefore described and
claimed in the first claiming clause provided with means for preventing strong
currents from the sewer from extinguishing the jets and with means for preventing
down draughts from extinguishing the jets substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. An apparatus consisting of a combination of cones arranged as hereinbefore
described and claimed, means for regulating the action and preventing the jets from
being extinguished by excessive or irregular currents and a steam jet for exhausting
foul or inflammable gases when required substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5. A ventilating apparatus consisting of a combination of cones presenting an
adjustable annular orifice between the edges of the said cones protected by an
external cone forming a shield to prevent down draughts substantially as herein before
described.
6. A heating apparatus consisting of a combination of ribbed cones forming zig zag
or circuitous passages presenting a large heating surface whereby a large quantity of
air is heated by the consumption of a relatively small quantity of gas the said cones
being enclosed in a casing provided with orifices for the admission and escape of air
and gases substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in fig. 3 of the
accompanying drawings.