Improvements in Domestic Fireplaces, Stoves, and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Dec., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1804
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Domestic Fireplaces, Stoves, and the like.
I, WILLIAM WILKIE, of Halleraig, Airdrie, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Coalmaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows,
that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object to economise fuel and avoid waste of heat,
which I effect by means of improved apparatus designed to act as a combustion
moderator.
In carrying out my invention in the case of an ordinary open fireplace, I arrange
a chamber, hereinafter termed the moderating chamber, above the fire, and I
provide it with three openings fitted with valves and adjusting devices of any con-
venicut and easily accessible kind. One of the three openings is in the bottom of
the moderating chamber, and forms the only passage for the fire gases, and this
opening is preferably in the form of a comparatively narrow slit extending more
or less from side to side, or there may be two or more separate slits together
constituting the passage for the fire gases. The second opening is at or near the
inner end of the moderating chamber and is the only communication with the flue
or chimney. The third opening is at the front of the moderating chamber and is
for admitting air.
When a fire is first lit the air valve may be closed or nearly so, and the other
two valves may be fully open; but after thorough ignition of the fuel the air valve
is to be opened more or less, whilst the other valves or one of them may be partially
closed, in order to diminish or moderate the draught acting on the burning fuel.
With proper adjustment of the valves the fuel is burned with comparative slowness
whilst thoroughly effective in heating the apartment in consequence of less heat
being carried away with the draught or upward current of the fire gases, and the
air passing through the moderating chamber promotes the ventilation of the
apartment.
In the case of a stove or enclosed fireplace the moderating chamber is to be
formed within the upper part of the casing; and in either stoves or open fireplaces
the moderating chamber may be constructed of any suitable form and either
within external ornamental parts or with its outer part made externally ornamental
and as part of the outer shell of the fireplace or stove.
In fireplaces or stoves provided with the moderating chamber various kinds of
fuel may be satisfactorily and advantageously consumed, including common coal,
anthracite or blind coal, charcoal, wood, peat, combustible gas, or oil.
Dated this Third day of March 1893.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Domestic Fireplaces, Stoves, and the like.
I, WILLIAM WILKIE, of Hallcraig, Airdrie, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Coalmaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
My said invention has for its object to economise fuel and avoid waste of heat,
Price di

page_text: which i efect by means of improved apparatus designed to act as a combustion
moderator.
In carrying out my invention in the case of an ordinary open fireplace, I arrange
a chamber, hereinafter termed the moderating chamber, above the fire, and I
provide it with three openings, fitted with valves and adjusting devices of any con-
venient and easily accessible kind. One of the three openings is in the bottom of
the moderating chamber and forms the only passage for the fire gases, the second
is at or near the inner end, and is the only communication with the flue or chimney,
whilst the third is at the front and is for admitting air.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings, to
be hereinafter referred to, and showing two examples of domestic fireplaces as made
with my improvements.
Figures, 1, and, 2, of the drawings are transverse vertical sections of two fire-
places.
Figure, 3, is a back clevation of a detail.
In these drawings the same reference letters are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
In the case of an ordinary open fireplace, I arrange a moderating chamber, A,
above the fire, and I provide it with three openings, B, C, and, D, fitted with
valves, F, G, and, H, and adjusting devices of a convenient and easily accessible
kind. One, B, of the three openings is in the bottom of the moderating chamber, A,
and forms the only passage by which the fire gases pass from the fire and this
opening is preferably in the form of a comparatively narrow slot extending more or
less from side to side of the top of the fire space; or there might be two or more
separate slots together constituting the passage for the fire gases. The valve, F, for
this opening, B, is a flat plate arranged to slide in guides, J, on the bottom of the
moderating chamber, A, a small handle, K, being fitted to the valve for the
purpose of closing or opening it. The second opening, C, is at the inner end of
the moderating chamber, A, and is the only communication with the flue or
chimney, L. The valve, G, for this opening, C, is a flat plate, and is carried on
guide studs, M, projecting horizontally from the inner side of the moderating
chamber, A, the valve being capable of sliding on the studs so as to cover or
uncover the opening. For closing or opening the valve, G, two rods, N, fixed one
on each side of it and extending towards the front of the chamber, A, are connected
to a transverse rod, P, provided with a handle, Q, (which projects down through
the bottom of the chamber) for conveniently moving it. The third opening, D, is
at the front of the moderating chamber, A, and is for admitting air. The valve, H,
for the opening, D, is a flat plate having projecting in from it a bent plate, I,
having inclined sides and directing the entering air towards the back of the
chamber, A. The valve H, rocks on its bottom edge or on a horizontal rod, R,
and the amount of its opening can be regulated by a rod, S, having its inner end
screwed into a swivel piece, T, on a projection, V, at the inner part of the
chamber, A, and having at its outer end a small handle, W, capable of being turned
for adjusting the valve. The position of the valve, H, when fully open is indicated
by dotted lines, X.
When a fire is first lit the air valve, H, may be closed or nearly so, and the other
two valves, F, and, G, may be fully open; but after thorough ignition of the fuel
is attained the air valve, H, is to be opened more or less, whilst the other two, F,
and, G, or one of them may be partially closed in order to diminish or moderate
the draught acting on the fuel and fire gases. With proper adjustment of the
valves, F, G, and, H, the fuel is burned with comparative slowness whilst
thoroughly effective in heating the apartment in consequence of less heat being
carried away with the draught or upward current of the fire gases, whilst the air
passing through the moderating chamber, A, promotes the ventilation of the
apartment.
In the modification shown in Figure, 2, the valve, G, is a fixture, and instead of

page_text: the rocking valve (H) at the front of the chamber, A, there is provided a gridiron
valve, Z, arranged to cover or uncover slots in the top of a front projecting part of
the chamber.
In the case of a stove or enclosed fireplace the moderating chamber (A) is to be
formed within the upper part of the casing; and in either stoves or open fireplaces
the moderating chamber, (A) may be constructed of any suitable form, and either
within external ornamental parts or with its outer part made externally ornamental
and as part of the outer shell of the fireplace or stove.
In fireplaces or stoves provided with the moderating chamber (A) various kinds
of fuel may be satisfactorily and advantageously consumed, including common coal,
anthracite or blind coal, charcoal, wood, peat, combustible gas or oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:
In domestic fireplaces, stoves, and the like placing above the fire a moderating
chamber provided with three openings one being for admitting the fire gases into
the chamber and having a valve, a second communicating with the flue and being
with or without a valve, and a third for admitting air and having a valve
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this First day of December 1893.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.