Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Water.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1890-Accepted, 24th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Water.
We, JOHN SHANKS, of Tubal Works, Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Sanitary Engineer, ROBERT BURNSIDE, of the same place, Foreman Brass
Finisher, and ANDREW MCCORKINDALE, of the same place, Foreman Tinsmith, do
hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
apparatus for heating water for various purposes. The improved apparatus is
advantageously applicable amongst other uses for heating water for baths and the like
by means of steam; but the heating medium may, when more convenient, be ignited
gases or hot gases from solid or liquid fuel.
In carrying out our Invention according to one modification, we employ an outer
cylindrical shell of copper, steel, iron or other suitable metal, and within this shell we
place what may be termed an annular cylinder formed by two concentric cylindrical
shells with the space between them closed at the ends. The annular cylinder is so much
smaller than the outer shell that there is in the latter a space between it and the outer
shell as well as the central space extending through it. The steam or other heating
agent is admitted into the outer shell, and the water to be heated is made to pass
through the annular cylinder, the apparatus being provided with suitable pipe con-
nections for the purpose. In order to make the heating action equal and thoroughly
effective the water is made to take a circuitous or indirect course through the annular
cylinder. According to one plan a helical passage is formed by fixing a helically
coiled rod or wire between the two shells forming the annular cylinder; or according
to another plan longitudinal rods are fixed between the two shells being arranged to
leave openings alternately at opposite ends and formning passages along which the
water flows alternately in opposite directions; or the passage for the water may be
made indirect in any other convenient way.
There may be two or more annular water cylinders within one outer shell; or an
annular water cylinder may form the outside of the apparatus and the water be
passed through it first and afterwards through an inner annular cylinder.
The apparatus may be placed with its axis vertical, horizontal or inclined.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of July 1880
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Water.
WE, JOHN SHANKS, of Tubal Works, Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Sanitary Engineer, ROBERT BURNSIDE, of the same place, Foreman Brass
Finisher, and ANDREW MCCORKINDALE, of the same place, Foreman Tinsmith,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :—
Our said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
apparatus for heating water for various purposes. The improved apparatus is
advantageously applicable, amongst other uses, for heating water for baths and the
like by means of steam; but the heating medium may, when more convenient, be
ignited gases or hot gases from solid or liquid fuel.
Figure, 1, on an accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings is a vertical section
of a modification of our improved apparatus as constructed for heating water by

page_text: means of steam; and figure, 2, shows the same modified for heating by means or gas.
In these drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
In an outor cylindrical shell, 3, which may be of castiron, steel, copper, or other
suitable metal we place what may be termed an annular cylinder, 4, formed by two con- 5
centric cylindrical shells with a space between them closed at the ends. There may
be in one heater one or more of such annular cylinders, and two are shown in the
There is a
drawings, the second, 5, being within the other annular cylinder, 4.
space, 6, between the outer shell, 3, and the first annular cylinder, 4, and a space, 7,
between the two annular cylinders, 4, 5, as well as the central space, 8, extending 1
through the latter. The steam which when convenient may be the exhaust steam
from a non-condensing steam engine, is admitted by a pipe, 9, to the bottom of the
outer shell, 3, and passes up through the spaces, 6, 7, 8, within and between the outer
shell, 3, and the annular cylinders, 4, 5. The water to be heated passes through the
annular cylinders, 4, 5, being admitted through a pipe connection, 10, and passing off
through another pipe connection, 11. In order to make the heating action equal and
thoroughly effective the shells of the annular cylinders are made of very thin metal,
preferably copper, with a very narrow space between them; and the water is made to
take a circuitous or indirect course through the cylinders. In the modification shown
in figure, 1, a helical passage is formed by fixing a helically coiled rod or wire, 12,
between the two shells forming each annular cylinder. Or according to another plan
longitudinal rods may be fixed between the two shells of each cylinder, being
arranged to leave openings alternately at opposite ends, and forming passages along
which the water flows alternately in opposite directions; or the passage for the water
may be made indirect in any other convenient way.
In the modification shown in figure, 1, the water entors at the bottom of the outer
annular cylinder, 4, and passes helically round and upwards to the top. At the top
the water passes through a passage, 13, into the inner annular cylinder, 5, in which it
passes helically round and downwards to the outlet, 11.
Ln the modification shown in figure, 2, the annular cylinders, 4, 5, may be the
same as in figure, 1, but are not shown in section as in that figure. The outer shell, 3,
is made with an enlargement, 14, at its lower end, and with openings, 15, to nimit
air; and within the enlargement there is an annular gas-burner, 16, consisting of an
annular pipe having jet orifices around its top, and to be supplied with gas through a
pipe connection, 17.
Instead of the outer shell, 3, being of a single thickness of metal, it may be an
annular cylinder through which the water to be heated may pass before entering the
annular cylinder or cylinders within the vessel. The apparatus may be placed with
its axis vertical, horizontal, or inclined.
Instead of making the passage through each annular cylinder, 4, 5, by means of
wires or rods, 12, it may be done by embossing or forming ribs or indentations on
oither the inner or outer shell of each cylinder or on both shells.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
The improved apparatus for hoating water by means of steam or ignited or hot
gases, and consisting of one or more annular cylinders for the passage of the water
each such cylinder consisting of two shells of thin metal enclosing a very narrow
space between them, and the passage through such space being made indirect by
means of a helical wire or by longitudinal wires or in an equivalent manner, sub
stantially as hereinbefore described.
11000
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.