Improvements in the Process and Apparatus for Extracting Fat and other Constituents from Animal Carcases.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process and Apparatus for Extracting Fat and
other Constituents from Animal Carcases.
I, ADALBERT VON PODEWILS, of Glückstrasse 8, Munich, in the Empire of
Germany, Director of the Podewils Farcal extract fabriken, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Sterilization and removal of fat from animal carcases or parts of the same are
done in the apparatus at present used by means of steam under pressure. It has
been found that the effect of the compressed steam upon the substance is much
hindered by the air contained in the latter, and also by the gas developed in the
process. It is therefore necessary that the substance be for a long time under
the influence of the steam in order to bring the large and strong muscular parts
entirely to the same temperature as the steam.
The transfer of the heat necessary for the entire sterilization and treatment
of the substance is better and more quickly done by using instead of steam
or a mixture of steam, air and gas a liquid heated to over 100° Celsius as a rule
to 150° Celsius, as the gas which is formed is immediately and energetically
forced out by the liquid under pressure. The annexed drawing illustrates two
forms of construction of the apparatus.
The heating of the liquid under pressure to over 100° Celsius is done in a
vessel either by fire direct as shown in Fig. 1 or by steam from a generator as
shewn in Fig. 3. In order to effect the heating of the liquid by means of steam
as quickly as possible in the vessel (Fig. 3) the steam is introduced tangentially
sideways and directed a little upwards at several points so that the liquid in the
cylindrical vessel is given a forcible rotating motion. Further there is arranged
inside this vessel an open ended cylinder wherein a steam pipe ending in a
nozzle D passes axially downwards. At the upper part of the vessel a suitably
formed plate or plates is arranged so that the liquid rising near the periphery
of the cylinder in consequence or the rotation movement is led to the centre so that
by means of the steam nozzle D and the rotating movement, a downward flow is
produced in the inner cylinder and an upward flow in the outer part and all the
liquid is quickly and surely led past the different steam nozzles.
The working of the new process is as follows:-
The carcass substance is put into hermetically closed cylinders or chambers
which are either double walled as in Fig. 2 or closely surrounded by brickwork as
in Fig. 4.
The liquid heated to over 100° Celsius is forced into the cylinder through the
pipes. R R¹. After the exchange of the heat which is quickly done and can be
still further accelerated by giving the treatment cylinder a rotary movement,
part of the liquid (its middle layers) is, if the pipe R₁ is arranged at a convenient
height, allowed to pass back into the vessel (Fig. 1 or Fig. 3) where it is heated
again and is forced back again into the treatment cylinder. This is repeated
as many times as required to bring the whole substance to the desired temperature.
The liquid is introduced into the treatment cylinder from below so that the
carcass parts are washed by this process.

page_text: The circulation of the liquid can also be done continuously by suitably arranging
for instance on the cock H a pipe provided with a pump or the like the liquid
being returned through the pipe R into the cylinder.
For the further acceleration of this process the same can be arranged in com-
bination in any manner and to any extent with the evaporization process by intro-
ducing steam during the heating of the liquid or afterwards or also mutually
with the introduction of the same into the treatment cylinder.
The fat separated by the process and swimming on the top of the liquid is
taken off by forcing the liquid out of the vessel (Fig. 1 or Fig. 3) until the whole
treatment cylinder is filled entirely and the fat lifted to the cock H whereupon it
can be taken off through the cock without further ceremony.
But the fat is usually heated with the whole mass to over 100° Celsius and to
possibly 140° Celsius and with the last fat particles also parts of the beef tea
thereunder going over, emulsion would be originated by the evaporation taking
place at the exit of the heated watery solution. In order to prevent this emulsion
the outlet pipe is led behind the cock H through a cooling arrangement L for
instance a so-called Liebig cooler, wherein the small quantities of fat and solution
mixture can be easily cooled to below 100° Celsius.
If the fat is allowed to pass back into the heating vessel (Fig. 1 or Fig. 3) the
liquid here will form after some time a solution of a certain concentration which
can be regulated by the further handling of the apparatus.
The drying of the carcass material in the cylinder (Figs. 2 and 4) according to
this process can be done by steam or by the gas from a furnace (Fig. 4) or also
by a well regulated direct fire assisted by a vacuum produced in the cylinder.
The steam can either be led from an ordinary steam generator or from the vessel
represented in Fig. 1. But the quantity of water, according to the steam used,
in Fig. 1 must from time to time or continuously be replaced in order to prevent
too high a degree of concentration of the liquid transferring the heat.
If there are two cylinders used the exhaust steam obtained at the commencement
of the drying process in the one cylinder can be used for heating the liquid and
for also evaporating the material in the other cylinder.
Of course the apparatus of Fig. 1 can be combined with that of Fig. and
of Fig. 3 with Fig. 2 in any suitable manner.
The vapours produced by the drying are led through a pipe K to a condenser
or an air pump.
The cylinders Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 are put in rotation during the drying until the
material is dried and possibly pulverized by the loose balls K' in the cylinder.
When emptying out the dried material a grating is arranged in place of the cover
or door of the treatment cylinder which is removed. The balls are thus prevented
from falling out whilst the dried material falls out between the bars of the grating
during the rotary movement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what
I claim is
1. An improved process for separating animal carcases into constituent parts
in which the quantity of heat required for the process is transferred to the carcass
material by liquid repeatedly heated in a special vessel to over 100° Celsius and
continuously or intermittently led through the substance, which process can be
accelerated by introducing steam simultaneously with the liquid or before or
after the same to the carcass substance and in which the liquid fat is extracted
from the treatment cylinder by introducing more liquid into the same so that
the fat is forced out of the upper part of the treatment cylinder.
2. For the process described in Claim 1 an apparatus for the rapid heating of
liquids by means of steam consisting of a vessel provided with an inner cylinder
and suitably formed guide plates in its upper part wherein to the steam is intro-
duced at several spots tangentially and directed a little upward so that not only.
-

page_text: a forcible rotation movement of the liquid is produced but also a brisk circulation
of the same from below to above in the outer part and from above to below in the
inner part of the vessel is obtained, which circulation flow is increased by means
of a downwardly directed steam nozzle.
Dated this 13th day of October 1890
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C.