CARD GRINDING "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE.”
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Standring Dronsfield, of the Firm of Dronsfield,
Brothers, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Makers of Card-grinding
Apparatus, for an Invention of
CARD GRINDING
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPLIANCES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS USED
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Standring Dronsfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1880.
JOSEPH STANDRING DRONSFIELD, of the Firm of Dronsfield, Brothers, of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Makers of Card-grinding Apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD-GRINDING APPLIANCES AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."
"
My Invention relates to the grinding rollers, strickles, and grinding appliances
used in the grinding of the cards which are employed in the preparation of fibrous
materials. Such rollers and appliances are coated with particles of emery which
are caused to adhere by means of glue or of a suitable cement. It is of importance
that the grinding particles shall penetrate to some extent between the dents of the
cards in order that the said dents may be pointed at the ends as much as possible,
and previously to my Invention this penetration has only been effected by
employing coarse particles of emery. In order to obtain a better effect I mould the
coating of emery into a fluted form so as to obtain ridges which have the required
penetrating effect. I select by preference a finer emery than is usually employed,
and I apply this as a coating to the roller using a suitable cement to obtain the
necessary adhesion, and when I have obtained a suitable thickness of coating I
mould the surface by contact with a revolving or removable roller which is cut or
formed with circumferential grooves or flutes. The said grooves are or may be
"vee" shaped and be spaced at a pitch of about one eighth of an inch or at a greater
or lesser pitch as considered to be most suitable. It is of importance that the
surface of the moulding roller shall be kept free from clogging accumulations of
emery, and to this end I may use a "doctor" or a revolving brush or both, and I
D....6X1

page_text: may keep the surface of the said roller lubricated by the application of greased felt
or by other suitable means. It is necessary or advisable to soften the coating
of emery to enable the moulding to be effected. For this purpose I find it con-
venient to employ a jet or jets of steam, but a gas flame or other suitable means
may be employed to obtain the desired effect. The softening and moulding have
the effect of producing a more intimate association of the enery with the cement.
A short moulding roller or a moulding wheel might be arranged to traverse so as
to form a screw thread upon the grinding roller, but I prefer to employ a moulding
roller extending the whole length of the grinding roller. I also employ a grooved
or fluted roller to mould the coating of strickles and of other card grinding
appliances, such, for example, as ribands for covering grinding rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Standring Dronsfield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th June 1881.
JOSEPH STANDRING DRONSFIELD, of the Firm of Dronsfield, Brothers, of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Makers of Card Grinding Apparatus.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD GRINDING APPLIANCES AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
THEREOF, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."
My Invention relates to the grinding rollers, strickles, and grinding appliances
used in the grinding of the cards which are employed in the preparation of fibrous
materials. Such rollers and appliances are coated with particles of emery_which
are caused to adhere by means of glue or of a specially prepared cement. It is of
importance that the grinding particles shall penetrate to some extent between the
dents of the cards, in order that the said dents may be pointed at the ends as much
as possible, and previously to my Invention this penetration has only been effected
by employing coarse particles of emery. In order to obtain a better effect, I mould
the coating of emery in a fluted form, so as to obtain ridges which have the
required penetrating effect. I select by preference a finer emery than is usually
employed, and I apply this as a coating to the roller, using a suitable cement to
obtain the necessary adhesion, and when I have obtained a suitable thickness of
coating, I mould the surface by contact with a revolving or revolvable roller which
is cut or formed with circumferential grooves or flutes. I also employ a grooved
or fluted roller to mould the coating of strickles and of other grinding appliances,
such for example as ribands for covering grinding rollers.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I have attached hereunto a
Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the manner in which I have carried the said
Invention into effect, to which Drawings reference will hereinafter be made. In
the said Drawings Fig. 1, made to a scale of about three inches to the foot,
represents an emery coated grinding roller prepared in accordance with my

page_text: vee
"
Invention. The surface of the said roller is moulded into angular ridges which
extend around the roller, or it may be said that the said surface is moulded into a
grooved form. In the example the grooves are "vee-shaped," and in practice I
have spaced them at a pitch of about one eighth of an inch, that is to say, I have
formed about eight grooves in each inch in length of the roller, but I do not
confine myself to the form or pitch of the grooves or ridges. I prefer to form the
emery coating upon an elastic foundation in accordance with a foriner Invention,
for which Letters Patent, No. 75 of the year 1879, have been granted to me, but I
do not confine myself to this. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional elevation, and Fig. 3 a
longitudinal elevation of the apparatus which I now employ in the moulding into
form of the emery coating upon the grinding rollers. In the said Figs. A is the
moulding roller which is provided with axles which revolve in bearings in or
attached to the framing b, which may be of any suitable form. The roller a is
made of cast iron, gun metal, brass, or any other suitable metal or material, and is
turned or formed into a true cylinder, having its surface indented with "
grooves, thereby forming ridges which shall produce the desired form of grooves
upon the grinding roller. The axles of the grinding roller care mounted in bearings
in carriages d, d, which are fitted to slide upon brackets e, which are secured to the
framing of the machine. Each carriage d is acted upon by a screw f which is
provided with a hand-wheel, whereby it may be turned. In bearings in or upon
brackets g which are secured to the framing, are mounted the axles of a brush h of
cylindrical formation. A driving shaft i receives motion in any convenient manner,
and carries a pulley which is connected by means of a strap with a pulley
which is fixed upon the axle of the roller A, whereby a revolving motion is
imparted to the said roller. A second pulley m is connected with a pulley n on
the axle of the brush h, and imparts a revolving motion to the said brush. A
perforated pipe o is arranged to be adjustable nearer to or further from the grinding
roller, and is supplied with steam by means of a flexible pipe p. When a suitable
thickness of coating has been obtained upon the grinding roller, it is mounted in the
carriages d, and the rollers A and brush h are set in motion, the latter by pre-
ference revolving more rapidly than the former, as would be the case in the example
illustrated. The screws f are turned in the direction which will move the emery
coated roller into contact with the moulding roller A, whereby the first named
roller is also caused to revolve. Steam is admitted to the pipe o, and the fine jets
of steam issuing therefrom are directed on to the emery coating, so as to soften the
same to a suitable extent, and as the softening proceeds, the roller c is moved nearer
to the roller A, whereby the ridges on the latter are caused to indent themselves
into the emery coating on the former, and thus to form the desired grooves. It is
of great importance that the surface of the roller A shall be kept free from the
clogging accumulations of emery, and to this end the brush his employed to
constantly brush the surface of the said roller during the operation. I also find
it advantageous to pour hot water upon the revolving roller A at intervals, or
after each operation in order to cleanse its surface. If preferred, the hot water
may be delivered on to the roller through a perforated pipe which may be fixed
above the roller. The water falling from the roller is intercepted by a sheet metal
catcher 2 which extends from end to end of the machine below the roller A, and
the water overflows into a receptacle whence it can be removed when desirable.
I do not confine myself to the details of the apparatus illustrated as the same may
be greatly varied, as, for example, I may connect together the two screws f, f, by
means of a shaft and bevel gearing, so that the parallelism of the roller c in relation
to the roller A will be maintained, or I may carry the roller c in a similar manner
as when it would be mounted in the grinding machine, as, for example, as when
mounted in the now well known "Dronsfield grinding machine," or I may mount
the said roller in any other suitable manner. I do not confine myself to the use
of steam to soften the coating, as hot air, or a gas flame, or any other suitable
appliance or method may be substituted for the steam jet if preferred thereto for
any reason.
I may use a toothed doctor blade to keep or to assist in keeping the

page_text: surface of the roller A free from accumulations, and if found or considered to
be advisable the said roller may be lubricated with oil or fatty matter. The
softening and moulding of the emery coating have the effect of producing a more
intimate association of the emery with the cement. A short moulding roller or a
moulding wheel might be arranged to traverse so as to produce a screw like groove
or screw grooves upon the emery coated roller, but I prefer to employ a long roller,
as in the example. In the cases of strickles and of ribands or material for covering
grinding rollers, such appliances are traversed in contact with the roller A so as to
produce the grooved surfaces by the indentation of the softened emery coatings on
the said appliances.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which I carry the same into practical effect, I would have it to be
understood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The card grinding roller or appliance having an emery coating which has
been moulded whilst the cement has been in a suitably soft or softened condition
into the grooved form, substantially as set forth and indicated hereinbefore, and in
and by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The employment of grooved rollers to mould or shape the emery
coatings of card grinding rollers, strickles, or appliances into fluted or grooved
forms, substantially as set forth and indicated.
Thirdly. The apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated.
And, Lastly. The grooved roller, the revolving brush, and the steam jet pipe,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Standring Dronsfield, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty fourth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
TANDT
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
41, John Dalton St.,
Manchester.
(Agent for the Patentee.)
JOSEPH S. DRONSFIELD. (L.S.)