IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- ADDADAMMO BOD SPINNING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Ladley, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Woollen Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
ADDADAMMO BOD SPINNING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.
Sealed the 1st October 1867, and dated the 4th April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Ladley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1867.
I, JOSEPH LADLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Woollen Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to spin wool or other fibrous substances
from cardings or rovings produced by the condenser carding engine directly as
they issue from the rubbers thereof, and thereby dispense with the necessity
of winding such cardings or rovings on to bobbins, and thence removing them
to the mule or other spinning machine to be spun. To accomplish this
object by one method for each roving I apply a pair of drawing rollers near to
the rubbers of the condenser, which are mounted in bearings upon the end of
and with their axes at right angles to the axis of a hollow spindle capable of

page_text: rotating. The cardings or rovings as they issue from the condenser rubbers
pass through these hollow spindles to and betwixt the rollers, which having
both the ordinary rotary motion on their own axes for drawing and also a
rotation at right angles thereto, a drawing and twisting effect is produced
simultaneously on the said rovings.
Or by another method I employ two pairs of drawing rollers, which are
(by preference) placed horizontally, so that a series of rovings may pass
betwixt them, each pair having reciprocatory or an endwise motion in opposite
directions to each other in addition to the usual rotary motion, also one
roller being capable of removal from contact with the other during its move-
ment in one direction and in contact with the other alternately, so that whilst
one pair of rollers are in contact and thus drawing and twisting the rovings,
the other pair are separated or not in contact but moving endwise in the
contrary direction ready to close upon the rovings for drawing and twisting in
like manner, the two pairs being thus in operation alternately.
Also by another modification I employ one pair of rollers having an opening
and closing motion, or one being lifted out of and then into contact with the
other, in addition to the rotary motion, so that when closed or in contact they
will draw, but when open or removed out of contact the twist given to the
rovings or threads by the spinning spindles will be distributed to the parts of
the rovings betwixt the rubbers and the said drawing rollers; or instead of
having these rollers to separate, or the one being lifted out of contact with the
other, each may be flatted at one or more parts in the circumference, so
that when these flatted parts come together a space will be left betwixt the
rollers or they will not be in contact, and thereby give liberty for the threads
to be twisted by the spinning spindles betwixt the rubbers and drawing
rollers, which on the circular surfaces coming again in contact draw the
cardings or rowvings forward until the flatted parts again come together, when
the twist is given to the parts behind or betwixt the rollers and the rubbers.
Or other modifications may be adopted to produce a twist on the cardings
or rovings betwixt the rubbers and the drawing rollers, so as to prevent
a severance or breakage of the said cardings or rovings by the drawing
process.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Ladley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
LADLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Ladley, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Ladley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Ladley, my executors,, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tho
term therein expressed,. should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,'
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Ladley, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Ladley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Sheet of Drawings (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to spin wool or other fibrous substances
from cardings or rovings produced by the condenser carding engine directly as
they issue from the rubbers thereof, and thereby dispense with the necessity
of winding such cardings or rovings on to bobbins, and thence removing them
to the mule or other spinning machine to be spun. To accomplish this
object by one method for each roving I apply a pair of drawing rollers near
to the rubbers of the condenser, which are mounted in bearings upon the end
of and with their axes at right angles to the axis of a hollow spindle capable
of rotating. The cardings or rovings as they issue from the condenser rubbers
pass through these hollow spindles to and betwixt the rollers, which having

page_text: "
both the ordinary rotary motion on their own axes for. drawing and also a
rotation at right angles thereto, a drawing and twisting effect is produced
simultaneously on the said rovings.
Or by another method I employ two pairs of drawing rollers, which are
(by preference) placed horizontally, so that a series of rovings may pass
betwixt them, each pair having reciprocatory or an endwise motion in opposite
directions to each other in addition to the usual rotary motion, also one
roller being capable of removal from contact with the other during its move-
ment in one direction and in contact with the other alternately, so that whilst
'one pair of rollers is in contact and drawing and twisting the rovings, the
other pair is separated or not in contact but moving endwise in the contrary
direction ready to close upon the rovings for drawing and twisting in like
manner, the two pairs being thus in operation alternately.
Also by another modification I employ one pair of rollers having an opening
and closing motion, or one being lifted out of and then into contact with the
other, in addition to the rotary motion, so that when closed or in contact they
will draw, but when open or removed out of contact the twist given to the
rovings or threads by the spinning spindles will be distributed to the parts of
the rovings betwixt the rubbers and the said drawing rollers; or instead of
having these rollers to separate, or the one to lift out of contact with the other,
each may be flatted at one or more parts in the circumference, so that when
these flatted parts come together a space will be left betwixt the rollers, and
thereby give liberty for the threads to be twisted by the spinning spindles
betwixt the rubbers and drawing rollers, which on the circular surfaces
coming again in contact draw the cardings or rovings forwards until the
flatted parts again come together, when the twist is given to the parts behind
or betwixt the rollers and the rubbers.
Or other modifications may be adopted to produce a twist on the cardings
or rovings betwixt the rubbers and the drawing rollers, so as to prevent
a severance or breakage of the said cardings or rovings by the drawing
process.
nerein give
In order that this Invention may be clearly understood
reference to an accompanying Sheet of Drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is an eleva-
tion of the apparatus employed for this purpose, constructed and applied
according to one method.
A are the ordinary rubbing rollers of a condenser with portions of the
rubbing leathers; B is a roving issuing therefrom which passes betwixt a pair

page_text: of nipping and holding rollers C, and thence through a hollow rotary spindle D,
to and betwixt a pair of drawing rollers E and E' mounted on the end of the
said hollow spindle and carried around with it, rotary motion being communi-
cated thereto by means of the skew gearing F from any convenient shaft of
the machine, by which rctation twist is given to the rovings; this hollow
spindle is supported in another hollow spindle or bush G, which is caused to
rotate by means of the skew gearing H at a different speed to the former.
I is a bevil wheel fixed on the said bush which gears with two others J and J',
fixed respectively on the rollers E and E', by which rotary motion is given
thereto, and by which the drawing is effected; rovings are thus twisted and
drawn by these rollers, which thence pass through guides K to the ordinary
spinning spindles L.
Fig. 2 is a front view of this apparatus, and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section
of the same drawn full size; Figs. 4 and 5 shew the method of producing
twist and draught by two pairs of drawing rollers.
A are the rubbers; B, the roving; C, the nipping rollers; and D, the two
pairs of drawing rollers. Each roller is caused to slide endwise and reciprocate
as well as rotate after the manner of the rubbing rollers, and also are lifted
out of contact; this is effected by means of a skew cam E (shewn full size at
Fig. 6) applied at each end of the rollers, which causes them to be in contact
while moving endwise in one direction, and out of contact while moving in the
other, each pair operating alternately on the rovings, twisting and drawing
them for the spindles. Or instead of two pairs one pair of these rollers only
may be employed and operated in the manner described, and when they are
separated the twist given by the spinning spindles will be distributed to the
parts of the rovings beyond the said rollers; but I prefer the employment of
two pairs. Fig. 7 shews a method of effecting this object, where instead of
the drawing rollers being lifted they are flatted at one side and full on the
other side, so that when the full sides come together they are in contact
and therefore draw the rovings, but when the flat sides are together they
are separated and the twist from the spindles passes betwixt, as before
explained.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew another method or modification of the foregoing
apparatus, wherein one pair of rollers only is employed, each roller being made
in two equal parts longitudinally, and each part caused to move on the shaft
in opposite directions to each other by the action of a cam F, which is a
fixture to the frame of the machine. As these rollers rotate the upper parts
of each are moved in one direction, and the lower parts are moved in the
opposite direction, consequently the parts in contact are always moving in the

page_text: same direction respectively as shewn by the arrows, and therefore are
constantly both drawing and twisting.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Ladley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day. of October, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Joseph Ladley,
in the presence of
EDWARD WILSON.
JOSEPH LADLEY. (L.S.)