Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 19th July, 1887.
I, TOLBERT LANSTON, gentleman, residing at No. 1230, 31st. Street, North West, in
the City of Washington, District of Columbia, in the United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be
nerformed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
Suvement:-
While astonishing progress has been made in those branches of the art of printing
which relate to the taking of impressions and to the folding and delivery of the matter
printed, but comparatively little practical advance has been made in that department
which relates particularly to the setting up and justification of the lines from which
the impressions are to be taken.
Type setting machines of more or less efficiency it is true have been employed to
assemble the types but, even where such machines have been successfully used it has
always been found necessary to subject each line of composition to a process of justifi-
cation involving, usually the introduction by suitable mechanism, or by hand, of
additional spaces, or of the substitution of wide or narrow spaces, and vice versa, much
the same as in the case of matter set up by hand.
Machines have also been constructed with a view to the production of solid lines
of justified composition, but even in such machines the justification of the line is only
secured by justifying the dies or molds which produce them and this justifying opera-
tion is performed in the ordinary manner, above referred to.
My invention is a wide departure from the previous methods and proceeds upon a
principle, which I believe to be radically new. Instead of producing a line of
composition and then justifying it I form my types for a given line in such manner
as to cause them when assembled, to form a complete justified line ready for printing
direct or for making an impression for stereotype or electrotype purposes without
further manipulation.
In attempting to surplant by machinery the ancient process of setting type by hand
the advantages to be derived from copying as many of the conditions of such hand set

page_text: type as possible as manifest. By so doing, the mechanical products will be in harmony
with all the other conditions of the art of printing as now practiced, will involve no
departure from its usages and will permit the same method of correction of errors,
interpolations, shifting of matter &c. as are now in vogue. It is well known that in
ordinary composition where common type is used it rarely ever happens that a series
of words uniformly and regularly spaced exactly fill a line of given length, the rule being
that a space of greater or less length is left at the end of the line which must be filled
up or absorbed in the process of justification. Now, since it is apparent that in every
case this unoccupied space at the end of the line must bear a certain relation to the part
of the line filled by the characters or in other words, represent a certain percentage of
the combined width of such characters, it follows, that if there be added to the normal
width of the body of each of the assembled types a percentage of increase, corre
sponding to the percentage which said unoccupied space represents to the occupied
space, the line composed of types so formed will be rendered self justifying.
To illustrate this, suppose the unoccupied space in a line required to be taken up by
justification, represented one per cent. of the part of the line filled by type of the normal
width the addition of one per cent. to the normal width of the body of each of such
assembled type, would cause this space to be taken up or absorbed, one per cent
addition to the width of each section or part of the assembled type, being equal to one
per cent. of the whole aggregated width of said type.
Instead of thus adding to each type a certain percentage of the width thereof, the
same result can be accomplished either by apportioning the unoccupied space in the
line equally among all the types therein and thus adding to all the types a certain
uniform and definite increase in width, say a one five hundredth of an inch to cach, or
by apportioning the unoccupied space in the line equally among the space types
between words contained therein by adding an equal amount of increase to the normal
width of each of such spaces value.
In carrying out my invention I preferably employ, first, two independent record
strips having perforations punched in them indicating by their position the several
characters that are to be employed in the production of a line or lines of printed
matter, and one of them having in addition other perforations indicating the percentage
of increase required in the normal widths of the types that are to compose each line,
or the fixed amount of increase to be added to each of such types, or to the space
types between words only, as the case may be, and secondly, a machine cooperating
with said record strips for making the types in the desired order and of the proper
width in conformity to the scoring of the strips, and assembling said types in justified
lines in suitable galleys or forms.
The two record strips are preferably made of ribbons of paper and are preferably
scored by means of special devices, which will be suitable for the purpose. My
method of scoring, whatever be the means employed, deals with the type with
reference. first, to their normal space value when in line, and secondly, to their
increased or justifying value.
In punching the ribbons, the normal value of the characters recorded is measured
on a scale and when the last syllable which has been placed in a line has been
recorded, the scale indicates the amount of space in the lines yet unfilled, and the
percentage which said unfilled space represents to the filled space.
In accordance with this showing a puncture is made in one of the ribbons at such
a point as will record the particular percentage of deficiency requiring to be added to
each of the types of the line. To enable, then, the machine which forms the type to
so adjust itself to increase the space value of the types made for a particular line above
the normal in a degree necessary to thus make the line self justifying, the record
perforations in the ribbons are brought into use in the reverse order in which they
are made, that is to say, the last character in the last line of the article or subject to
be printed is the first to be made. In this way the perforation which indicates the
degree above the normal to which the types in the line are to be increased as to space
value, is first brought into action and adjust the machine for the production of the

page_text: whole line, and the next succeeding percentage perforation in like manner sots
machine for the next line and so on.
The principle involved in the formation of self justifying lines of type in accordance
with my invention is of course susceptible of being embodied in and carried out by
various forms of machines, but the form of machine which I prefer to employ
embraces first, a series of dies, as many in number as there are characters to be used;
secondly, mechanism controlled by the scoring of both record strips for centering in
order, and preferably one at a time, the dies beneath the plunger or other instru-
mentality for operating said dies; thirdly, mechanism set in operation by the scoring
of both the record strips adapted to cause the centered dies to form one after another
types of normal thickness; fourthly, mechanism set in operation by the scoring of
one strip only for adjusting the type forming mechanism so as to cause it to form
types for a given line of a space value sufficiently increased above the normal to cause
them when assembled to produce a self justified line; fifthly, mechanism by the
operation of which the type forming mechanism is caused to increase the space value
of the spaces between words sufficiently to produce justified lines, instead of being
caused to increase the space value of all the types of the line; sixthly, mechanism for
ejecting the completed types and preventing them from turning, and lastly, mechanism
for assembling the types in the form of justified lines in a galloy and for advancing
the galley properly, as the lines are one after the other completed.
These several mechanisms may be said to be divided into two main groups, by one
of which is accomplished the selection of the particular characters or types to be made,
and the manipulation of the machine to suit the constantly varying widths of said
types and by the other of which the types are made and set up in justified lines in
accordance with the condition prescribed by the first group. The first named or
regulating group of mechanism is also divided into two sub-divisions each of which
has dual functions to perform as will be hereinafter referred to. By preference I
construct the frame work in the form of a right angle, and looking from the inner side
towards the corner or angle I for convenience in description, term that portion lying
to the right the "right hand side" of the machine, and that lying to the left the
"left hand side" of the machine. At the corner or angle of the machine is located a
vertical driving shaft driven by a belt and pulley from any suitable source of power.
Connected to this shaft is a compound crank or a crank having two wrists, and to
each end of this crank is connected a pitman which is jointed at its opposite end to a
carriage adapted to slide back and forth upon guides, on the right or left side of the
machine, as the case may be. This compound crank is so arranged as to cause both
the right hand and left hand carriages to be moved out or in upon their respective
guides simultaneously. The inner end of each of the carriages is provided with a
series of horizontal compartments or shelves of a number which is the square root of
the number of characters that are to be used. In the present machine there are
fourteen of these shelves but the number is a matter purely arbitrary and may be
varied at pleasure.
To the other end of each of said sliding carriages is hung a vertically swinging arm
which has a longitudinal groove or guide that is adapted to receive and guide the
outer end of one arm of a bell crank lever which is pivoted to a stationary part of the
frame work. This connection is such, that when the swinging arm is vibrated up
from its normal position it will vibrate the bell crank lever and present the groove or
guide in which its said arm works, opposite one or the other of the compartments or
shelves of the head of the sliding frame so that as the sliding frame is advanced the
said lever arm, will pass out from its groove in the swinging arm and enter the
corresponding shelf or compartment of the sliding frame and he kept therein until a
reverse movement of the parts takes place.
While so entered in said shelf the said arm of the bell crank lever rides upon a dead
level, and the bell crank lever is thus kept motionless. The lower arms of the bell
crank levers are connected by means of pitmen to the die centering devices.
The dies are in number equal to the square of the number of shelves employed and

page_text: for this particular machine are one hundred and ninety six in number, and arranged
in a suitable frame or carrier in the form of a square with fourteen dies on a side.
They represent all the characters that are required for use and are classified in
fourteen different lines according to their width or space value. Such distribution of
line values has relation to the right hand side of the machine only, and when the bell
crank lever on the right hand side of the machine is given an amount of vertical
movement, sufficient to cause its upper arm to pass into the second shelf or compart-
ment, the first line of dies in the square is brought to the centering point, while the
movement of such bell crank lever to the third shelf and the entry of its arm in said
shelf would cause the second line in the square to be brought over the centering point
and so on progressively to the last or fourteenth line, each movement of the bell crank
indicating that a type of a particular space value is wanted, and the line of types of
the desired space value have been brought respectively to the centering point. Each
die has the character which it represents formed on its lower end in either intaglio or
relief as desired and each one is provided with a spring which operates to return it to
normal position after it has been depressed to form a character. The frame in which
the dies are supported is arranged within two oblong slides or carriers which are
adapted to be reciprocated back and forth at substantially right angles to each other,
one of said slides being actuated by the bell crank lever at the right hand side of the
machine and the other by the bell crank lever at the left hand side of the machine.
Above the dies is arranged a vertically operating plunger, by which the dies are one
after the other depressed as occasion requires.
From the manner in which the frame, holding the square of dies is controlled by
these two slides or carriers, any desired die is enabled to be instantly brought or
centered beneath the cooperating plunger. For instance, if the fifth die from the left
in the second horizontal line of the square of dies is desired to be centered under the
plunger it is only necessary that the bell crank lever of the right hand side of the
machine should be given movement sufficient to bring the second series of characters
into line with the plunger, and that the bell crank lever of the left hand side of the
machine should be given a sufficient movement to bring the fifth cross series of
characters also into line with the plunger, and the desired centering operation will be
automatically accomplished. The throw of the bell crank levers of course depends
upon the vertical motion that is given the swinging arms, to which they are connected,
and the amount of vertical motion given said swinging arms in turn depends upon the
engagement of one or the other of a series of pins with a curved slot on the inner face
of the said arms.
These pins are adapted to be projected by the operation of electro magnets controlled
by the scored record strips and accordingly as one or the other of said pins is thrown
out, the swinging arm will be caused to raise more or less.
That this may be readily understood it will be necessary to state that in cooperation
with each of the record strips are a series of contact fingers arranged along side each
other cross wise of the strip and each one of which is adapted to make contact through
the strip, and thereby energize its corresponding pin projecting magnet, when the
perforation in the strip passes beneath it. The perforations are made in the strip
in different longitudinal lines, and at such distances apart progressively as to prevent
contact being made through any two perforations at once.
Since the centering of any given die beneath the plunger which is to depress it,
depends upon the operation of both the slides or carriers which control the dies and
since the amount of motion required to be given out of said slides or carriers may
vary considerably from that required to be given the other one, it follows, that the
two record strips which are to primarily control the actuation of the die centering slides,
must be perforated differently.
For example, to affect the depression of the die in the case before supposed, the
right hand strip will have to be punched so as to cause the projection of the pin that
will produce an amount of movement of the swinging arm sufficient to throw the bell
crank lever in a manner to cause one slide to bring the second series of dies in line

page_text: with the plunger, while the left hand strip will have to be punched in a manner to
cause the other slide or carrier to bring the fifth cross series of dies into line.
Mechanism is provided for feeding the two strips simultaneously and uniformly and
the result is that the appropriate perforations in the two ribbons permit the contact
arm to operate simultaneously on both sides of the machine and to cause the
appropriate pins to be projected and the proper motion to be thereby given the
vertically swinging arms and thus effect through the bell crank levers and connections
the simultaneous movement of the two centering slides or carriers to the extent which
is necessary for them to respectively move in order to bring the proper die under the
plunger. The material from which the types are made may be of lead, composition
metal, paper, papier mache, or in fact any material that will receive and retain an
impression, and permit of a stereotype or electrotype being prepared from it though I
by preference use lead.
The material what ever it may be, is fed by suitable feeding mechanism in the form
of a strip or bar into a matrix or compressing box that is located beneath the plunger
which is to depress the centered die. While the metal is being fed into said com-
pression box the die is depressed by the plunger above it and brought down and
firmly seated over the compression box, its end bearing the character to be formed
constituting the top of said compression box.
This done, a plunger adapted to snugly fit the compression box and to work laterally
in and out of one end of the same, advances, cuts off from the metal strip a section of
sufficient width to form the desired type, and then compresses said cut off portion in
the box sufficiently to cause it to conform accurately to the interior of said box, and to
be thereby formed into a completed compressed type.
After the formation of the type the die returns automaticaly to its normal position,
the type is ejected from the compression box and passes thence down through a
throat or channel until its lower end reaches a suitable support from whence it is
automatically pushed laterally into a galley or form prepared to receive it.
Each completed type is in turn pushed up against its immediate predecessor and all
are advanced until the line is completed when the galley is automatically shifted so as
to receive the types for the next line and so on.
One of the subdivisions of the regulating group of mechanism hereinbefore referred
to is located substantially on the right hand side of the machine and its dual functions,
to which reference has also been made, consists first, in aiding the die centering
operation and, secondly, in a function peculiar to itself, namely that of controlling
all of the regulating devices for making type of normal size.
The other sub-division of the regulating group of mechanism is found on the left
hand side of the machine and its dual function consists first, in also aiding in the die
centering operation, and, secondly in a function likewise peculiar to itself, namely
that of regulating the increase in the normal width or space value of the types so
essential to the carrying out of my improved system of forming justified lines of
type.
The motions of the vertically swinging arms which play such important parts in the
die centering operation are availed of in carrying out the separate functions of the two
sub-divisions of the machine. To the swinging arm on the right hand side of the
machine is jointed a longitudinally slotted connecting rod that bears a pin or stud on
its lower end which engages with a curved or segmental slot in a vibrating lever
whose extent of movement operates to control the feed of the type metal strip, as well
as the stroke of the plunger that cuts off and compresses the type and the width of the
thread through which the completed type passes on its way to the galley. So long as
the normal position of the pin on the end of the said slotted connecting rod in the
curved slot of the vibrating lever is maintained, all the type that are made will be of
norinal size, that is to say, not all of one width, or space value, but each of its own
proper width or space value.
Where it is necessary however to increase the normal width or space value of each
type a percentage sufficient to absorb the space required to be filled by justification,
a rod operated mediately from the swinging arm of the left hand or justifying side of

page_text: the machine and having a pin which enters the slot of the said vertically slotted rod,
causes said last named rod to be shifted in the segmental slot of the vibratory lever
and thus increase the throw of said vibratory lever sufficiently to effect the feed of a
greater amount of the metal strip into the compression box, and a corresponding
shortening of the cutting and compressing plunger and a proportionate widening of
the discharge throat.
In regard to the details of the mechanism employed to cause the left hand side of
the machine to thus set the right hand side for the formation of a given line of types,
it is not necessary at this point to refer, further than to state that the motion of the
vertically swinging arm of the left hand side is availed of in this operation, and that
the amount of motion given said arm and consequently the amount of increase in the
normal width or space value of the types is dependent upon the particular electro
magnetically controlled pin that is projected in response to the corresponding
justifying perforations in the scored record strip for that side of the machine.
The same justifying mechanism which operates to increase the width or space value
of all the types by adding to each a percentage of its normal value can with slight
modifications be caused to justify on the other plans herein before referred to, to wit,
that of increasing the normal width of the spaces between words in the proportions
necessary and that of adding to the width of each type an equal amount of increase.
The same principle is involved in all the methods since it makes little difference
whether the normal width or space value of all or only a portion of the type are
increased so long as the proper justification of the line is effected, the gist of this part
of my invention being the production for a given line, of types which when assembled
will produce a justified line having equal spaces between the words. It is obvious
that instead of perforating the record strips they may be rendered conductive at the
points desired so as to pass a current of electricity and thus effect the operation of the
electro magnets which control the pins, but the perforations will probably be found
preferable, as with them more certainty of operation will be ensured.
Compressed air may also be used for actuating the guide pins in lieu of the electro
magnets if preferred and a mechanism embodying this idea is described hereinafter as
a modification falling within the limits of my invention. I will now proceed to a
description of the machine in detail, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings, in which:-
Figure, 1, is a top plan view of the entire machine.
Figure, 2, is an elevation of the shelves or compartments of one of the sliding
carriages looking from the inner side.
Figure, 3, is a similar view of the side looking from the outer side.
Figure, 4, is a side elevation of the right hand side of the machine looking in the
direction indicated by the arrows number, 1, on figure, 1.
Figure, 5, is an elevation of the left hand side of the machine looking in the
direction indicated by the arrow No. 2, in figure, 1.
Figure, 6, is an elevation of the opposite side of the left hand portion of the
machine looking in the direction indicated by the arrow No. 3, in figure, 1.
Figure, 6ª, is a detail view of the means for throwing the strip feeding mechanism
in or out of operation.
Figure, 6b, is a detail view showing the relative arrangement of the shafts I-9,
and, E-5.
Figure, 6°, is a sectional view on line, 21-21, figure, 6.
Figure, 7, is an enlarged sectional elevation taken on the line, -, figure, 1.
Figure, 7, is a diagram illustrating the number and relative positions of the cams
on the main driving shaft.
Figure, 8, is a sectional view taken on the line, y-y, of figure, 6.
Figure, 9, is an enlarged view of the contact fingers and their connections and the
record strip with which they cooperate.
Figures, 9, and, 95, are respectively longitudinal and cross sectional views of the
rollers between and by which the record strips are fed.

page_text: Figures, 9, and, 9d, are detailed views of a portion of the mechanism which throws
the strip feeding devices into and out of operation.
Figure, 9, is a view of the two record strips.
Figure, 9, is a view of a record strip in which pieces of conducting material are
employed instead of perforations for cooperating with the contact fingers.
Figure, 10, is a top plan view of the die carrier and the frames by which it is held
and adjusted and also of a portion of the galley in which the types are assembled as
fast as made.
Figure, 11, is a sectional view taken on the line, -a, of figure, 10.
Figure, 11, is a detached view of the cam which actuates the die plunger.
Figure, 12, is a view of one of the dies detached.
Figure, 13, is a bottom plan view of the plunger which depresses the dies or type
when centered and which is shown in sectional view in figure, 11.
Figure, 14, is a sectional view of the type forming matrix and of the means for
feeding the metal strip into the same.
Figure, 14, is a bottom plan view of the die frame.
Figure, 15, is a sectional view taken on the line, -, figure, 10.
Figure, 16, is a sectional view taken on the line, U-U, figure, 4.
Figure, 17, is a bottom view of the devices shown in figure, 16.
Figure, 18, is a sectional view taken on the line, t-t, figure, 16.
Figure, 19, is a top plan view of the pawl for actuating the galley.
Figure, 19, is a sectional view of the pawl carrier.
Figure, 20, is a sectional view of the pawl carrier taken on the line, s-s, figure, 19.
Figure, 21, is a similar view taken on the line, r, of the same figure.
Figure, 22, is a view of the division plate between the two pawls of the pawl
carrier.
Figure, 23, is a sectional view of the adjustable type throat.
Figure, 24, is a sectional view on the line, q-q, figure, 15.
Figure, 25, is an enlarged view of the justifying devices shown in figure, 5.
Figure, 26, is a sectional view on the line, p-p, figure, 25.
Figure, 27, is a cross section taken on the line, o-o, fig. 2.
Figure, 28, is a rear view of the justifying devices shown in figure, 25.
Figures, 29, and, 30, cross sectional views of the same taken on the line, 2-2,
figure, 28.
Figure, 31, is a side elevation of a modification of the devices for actuating the
setting pins, that operate the movable part on the sliding carriage.
Figure, 32, is a detail view showing the air compressor, the compressed air
reservoir, and the valves for controlling the delivery of air from said reservoir.
Figure, 33, a top plan view of the air compressor and its connections.
Figure, 34, is a sectional view showing the manner in which the setting pins are
operated.
Figure, 35, is an end elevation of the portion of the apparatus shown in figure, 31.
Figure, 36, is a detail sectional view illustrating the manner in which the record
strip is compressed between the fixed and movable blocks or jaws with its operative
perforation in line with the appropriate air channels of said blocks or jaws.
Figure, 37, is an elevation partly in section of a modification of the justifying
mechanism.
Figure, 38, is a bottom plan view of the extension, p-29, of the plate, R-9, shown
in figure, 37.
Figure, 39, is a top plan view of the devices shown in figure, 37.
Figure, 40, is a side elevation of the same.
Figure, 41, is a sectional view on the line, 15, figure, 37.
Figure, 42, is a detail view showing the means for adjusting the belt, R-28, in the
arm of the rock shaft, R-20.
Figures, 43, 44, and, 45, represent a top plan, a side elevation and an end elevation
partly in section respectively of another modification of the means for operating the
setting pins from the record strip.

page_text: At the corner or angle of the main frame a vertical driving shaft, B, is located, the
same being driven by a belt applied to a driving pulley, B. To tho upper end of this
shaft is secured a cam wheel, C, having a series of cams upon it whose functions will
be further on explained, and secured to the cam wheel is a compound crank, D, having
two wrists, da, and, d-b.
To the wrist, d-a, is connected a pitman, d, which is jointed at the other end to a
carriage, D-4, D-5, that is adapted to slide back and forth on suitable guides, D-3,
on the right hand side of the machine, and from the wrist, d-b, another pitman, D-2,
in like manner extends to a similar carriage sliding on similar guides on the left hand
side of the machine.
When the main driving shaft is rotated the compound crank, and first described
connections cause both of the sliding carriages to move out and in simultaneously
upon their respective guides. The inner end of part, D-4, of each of the sliding
carriages has a series of horizontal compartments or shelves of a number which is the
square root of the total number of characters the machine is designed to produce.
With the present machine the production of one hundred and ninety six different
characters is contemplated and therefore fourteen shelves lettered from, d¹, to d-14,
are employed.
A vertically swinging arm, D-7, is pivoted to the outer portion, D-5, of each of
the sliding carriages and at its upper side is provided with a channel or guide, D-10,
in which works a cross pin, D-9, on the outer end of the upper arm of a bell crank
lever, D-S, pivoted to the stationary part of the machine at, d-4, as shown
particularly in figures, 1, 4, 5, and, 8.
In proportion as the swinging arms are vibrated upward the bell crank levers are
also vibrated, and the grooves or guides, D-10, are respectively presented in the
plane of the other of the series of compartments or shelves, d-1, to d-14, of the
corresponding head of the sliding frame; then as the said sliding frame advances
the pin or cross head, D-9, of each lever arm leaves its respective groove or guide
and enters one of the shelves or compartments of the corresponding sliding frame, and
is kept therein till a reverse movement of said frame and arm takes place.
The means for determining the amount of swinging motion given the arms will be
further on explained.
To the lower arm of the bell crank lever, D-8, on the right hand side of the
machine is connected a rod, D-11, that is also connected to one of the slides, D-14,
of the die centering mechanism and the lower arm of the bell crank lever on the left
hand side of the machine is connected by a similar rod, D-12, to the other movable
slide, D-15, of the die centering mechanism.
The slides, D-14, D-15, are adapted to move one above the other at right angles
to each other and are guided in their movements by a fixed frame, D-13, as shown
in figures, 10, and, 11.
The dies lettered, D-20, are in number equal to the square of the number of
shelves or compartments in the heads of the sliding carriages being one-hundred and

page_text: ninety six in number in this particular machine, and they are arranged in rows in the
form of a square with fourteen dies on a side.
They represent all the characters that are desired to be used and are disposed of
classified in fourteen different series according to their space value or width. Each
die has the character which it represents formed in relief or intaglio on its lower end
and each die is located in a compartment, D-23 formed in the bottom, D-19,
of a frame or case, D-17, shown in figures, 11, and, 14, and is provided with a spiral
spring, D-21, operating against the pin, D-22, to bring it back to normal position
after being depressed. The frame, D-17, is placed within another frame, D-16,
upon which the slides, D-14, &, D-15, directly act. Above the die is arranged the
vertically operating plunger, B-2, which serves to depress the dies one after another
as they are centered beneath it. This plunger is preferably located in the lower end
of the main vertical driving shaft as shown in figures, 7, &, 11.
It is normally held retracted by the operation of a spiral spring, B-5, but is
projected once during every revolution of the driving shaft, by the striking of a
lateral beveled projection, B-3, formed upon or secured to its lower end against a
corresponding fixed actuating cam, B-6, secured to the frame of the machine as
shown in figures, 11, and 13.
Each time the plunger is thus projected it strikes and depresses a die if one happens
to be centered beneath it and if not it makes a dead stroke. In figure, 11, the die
frame is shown adjusted into the position which it occupies when a dead stroke of the
plunger is made.
The cam which cooperates with the plunger is preferably provided with a
shank, B-8, which extends up through an adjustable screw threaded thimble, D-10,
screwed into a cross piece, B-9 of the main frame and has a nut, B-LI, which bears
upon the upper end of said thimble. A spring, B-12, the resistance of which very
much exceeds the compressive force necessary to be excited in forming type, is within
the thimble, and operates to project the cam outward. By this arrangement the cam
can be so adjusted as to yield slightly at first when struck by the projection on the
plunger, and thus obviate breakage and lessen wear, and when wear does result a
slight adjustment of the thimble will compensate for it.
The tension of the spring is controlled by the nut, B—11.
Since the throw of the bell crank levers, D-8, that form part of the die centering
mechanism depends upon the amount of vertical motion that is given the swinging
arms, D-7, by which they are operated, it becomes important next to consider the
means whereby the motion of the swinging arms is controlled.
On the inner side of each of the swinging arms near its bottom, is a groove, A-22
(see figures, 6, and, S,) which is substantially straight at its outer portion, but is
curved throughout the rest of its length as shown clearly in figure, 6.
to use.
A-20, are a series of pins as many in number as there are compartments or
shelves on the sliding carriage on the right and left hand side of the machine, and like
said shelves represent the square root of the whole number of characters it is proposed
Each of these pins is arranged in a suitable socket or bearing, A-24, and is
connected to a pivoted lever, A-18, which bears at its free end the armature, A-17,
of an electro magnet, A-16. All the pins are arranged in the plane of the entrance
to the groove, A-22, of their respective swinging arm, D-7, and when any one of
them is projected it enters said groove as the carriage carrying the swinging arm
advances and causes said swinging arm to be moved up to a greater or less degree
depending entirely upon the location of the particular pin employed, the first pin of the
series, (beginning at the right figure, 6) causing the maximum movement of the arm
and the last pin the minimum movement of the same, or as will be readily understood.
Whenever the electro magnet corresponding to any particular pin is energized, that
pin is projected into engagement with the arm and when said magnet is demagnetized
a spring, A-19 retracts the pin and returns it to normal position.
The operation of the magnet, it will be remembered, is controlled by the perforated
record strips. These strips are shown in figure, 90, that to the right representing the
one which controls the pins on the right hand side of the machine, and that on the
B

page_text: left the one which controls the pins on the left hand side of the machine. Each of
the strips has perforations corresponding to the pins which it is desired shall be
projected on its particular side of the machine.
Inasmuch as the mechanism for feeding the strips, and through them operating the
electro magnets, is the same on both sides of the machine, a description of one will
suffice for both.
It consists of a reel, A¹ (see figure, S,) upon which the strip is wound, two feeding
rolls, A-7, &, A-8, between which the strip passes and by which it is withdrawn
from the reel, a step by step mechanism for advancing the strip at regular intervals,
a series of spring pressed contact fingers, A-4, as many in number as there are
magnets and pins to be operated, and a contact bar, A-3, in circuit with the electro
magnets and with a suitable electric battery or other source of electrical energy.
The reel is held by a pin, A-2, which permits of its being applied or removed at
pleasure. One of the feeding rolls is provided with teeth and the other with corre-
sponding holes for receiving them, by which provision the record strip which is
provided with a corresponding continuous line of perforations along each edge is
positively and certainly fed.
The spring pressed contact fingers are arranged alongside each other and bear with
their contact points upon the strip.
Whenever, as the strip is fed along, a perforation comes beneath the point of either
of the fingers said point passes through the strip and makes contact with the
bar, A-3, thus closing the circuit, through the corresponding magnet and causing
the appropriate pin to be projected. It is essential that at the completion of the
inward movement of each of the sliding carriages the pin for causing the centering of
the next die should be projected, and to accomplish this it is of course necessary that
the record strip should be advanced so as to bring the next succeeding perforation
into play.
Various means may be employed for accomplishing this result.
For instance, as shown in figures, 6, &, 8, I may mount upon the shaft of one of
the feed rolls a ratchet wheel A-9, and arrange to cooperate therewith a spring
actuated pawl, A-10, mounted upon a swinging arm or pawl carrier, A-11, having
connected to it a spring, A-12, for returning it to normal position and also an
actuating rod, A-13, which extends up through a tripping lever, A-14, as shown in
figures, 6, and, 8.
This tripping lever is supported in the stationary frame of the machine and has
upper and lower cylindrical bearing portions, A-25, A-26, which permit of its
being moved vertically up and down and also of its being rocked laterally.
It is further provided with a laterally projecting arm, A-27, at one side that is
adapted when properly adjusted to engage with a cam, A-15, on the sliding carriage.
and with another cam, A-28, at the opposite side, to which is connected a
rod, A-29, that extends to the lower end of a pivoted lever, A-30, which carries a
weight, A-31, at its upper end as shown in figure, 6.
When the weighted lever is swung into the position indicated by the full lines in
figure, 6, the tripping lever is turned into the position indicated in figures, 8, &, 9,
and as the sliding carriage carrying the shifting cam, A-15, moves outward the said
cam strikes the arm, A-27, and raises bodily the tripping lever and the rod, A-18,
thereto connected, thereby causing the pawl carrier, A-11, to be vibrated against the
tension of the spring, A-12, and its pawl, A-10, to engage the ratchet wheel, A-9,
and rotate the feed rolls so as to bring the next perforation in the record strip under
its corresponding contact finger and thus cause the next operating pin to be set; but,
when, on the other hand, the said weighted lever is thrown back into the position
indicated by the dotted lines in figure, 6, the arm, A-27, will be swung out of the
path of the movable cam and no feed of the record strip will take place. A second
pawl, A-23, is applied to the ratchet wheel, A-9, for the purpose of preventing any
backward movement of the same while the actuating pawl, A-10, is being brought
to first position by the tension of the spring, A-11. As explained in the introductory
part of this specification the centering of any particular die beneath the plunger

page_text: depends upon the conjoint action of both of the record strips and the mechanism
operated thereby on both sides of the machine. It is therefore essential that the
feeding mechanism on both sides should be adjusted to operate simultaneously or as
nearly so as possible. The record strips are perforated differently as shown in
figure, 9º.
This is necessary since to center any particular die requires the cooperation of the
perforation in each strip, that in one strip determining which particular line of a series
in the square of dies is to be brought in line with the depressing plunger and that in
the other strip indicating which particular line of the cross series is to be brought
into line as before explained.
The principle instrumentalities employed in the formation of type of normal size
are as follows, viz.-A compression box consisting of side walls, E-25, E-26, a top
slide, G-3, having an anvil, G-14, a bottom slide, G-7, rollers, E-21, E 22, for
feeding to the compression box the strip of metal from which the type blanks are
severed and an automatically adjustable plunger, E-12 working within said com-
pression box and operating to cut off the portion of the metal strip and compress it
into a type in said box.
The upper slide, G-18, is provided with an opening, G-15, adapted to receive
the lower end of the centered die when depressed and this opening is preferably
slightly larger at the top than at the bottom so as to ensure the proper entry of the
die, should it in descending strike near one edge of the opening instead of at the
exact center of it.
At the front where the die reaches the limit of its descent, it accurately fits and
closes the opening with its end bearing the character substantially flush with the inner
surface of the slide. A. back and forth motion is given the upper slide by means of
the two cams, C-5 C-6, on the main driving shaft operating upon an upper
arm, g-4, and a lower arm, g-5, respectively of a rock shaft, G-10, connected by
a crank, G-11, and a rod, G-12, to the said slide as shewn in figures, 15, &, 16.
The lower slide, G-9, has an opening, G-24, through which the completed type
is discharged from the compression box and a back and forth motion is given to it by
means of two cams, C-3, C-4, which operate alternately upon two arms, g-2, g−3,
of a rock shaft, G-6, connected through a crank, G-7, and a rod, G-8, to the
said lower slide. The opening, G-24, is beneath the anvil, G-14, attached to the
upper slide while the type is being formed and compressed. The rolls, E-21 E-22,
which feed the strip of metal into the compression box, are provided respectively with
pinions, E-20, & E-23, and a third pinion, E-19, on a shaft, E-18, meshes with
the pinion, E-20, and serves to operate the whole train when the shaft, E-18, is
rotated.
Secured to the said shaft, E-18, is a large ratchet wheel, E-17, (see fig. 18).
with which engages a series of pawls, E-16, carried by a vibratory arm or pawl
carrier, E-15.
Motion is imparted to this vibratory pawl carrier from a rock shaft, E-5,
(figs. 4, &, 6,) through a rod E-14, and an arm, E-13, and the rock shaft, E-5, is
itself rocked by the movement of the vertically swinging arm, D-7, on the right
hand side of the machine (fig. 4) communicated through a vertical slotted connecting
rod, E, and a bell crank lever, E-3, as shown in fig. 4.
The plunger, E-12, has a screw threaded shank, E-11, which engages with an
adjustable nut, E-10, that is in turn connected by a ball and socket connection to a
second screw nut, G-4, coupled to a screw stem, G-3, which is connected to an
arm, G¹, on a rock shaft, G. A cam, G', on the main driving shaft (see figs. 7, 7")

page_text: operates through an arm, g, (fig. 6.) secured to said rock shaft and the described
intermediate connections, to advance the plunger and cause it to first cooperate with
the side wall, E-26, of the compression box to cut off the portion of the metal strip
fed to said box, and then to compress said cut off portion as will be presently
explained.
The stroke of the plunger, E-12, is at all times uniform but the length of said
plunger is governed by the position of the adjustable nut, E-10. Said nut has
screwed to it a plate, E-9, through an opening in which extends a pin or
finger, E-8, which projects from a rod or bar, E-7, that is connected through an
arm, E-6, to the same rock shaft, E-5, through which the metal strip feeding
devices are operated.
Accordingly as the rock shaft is rocked, more or less the nut, E-10, will be rotated
more or less and thus, by retracting or projecting the shank of the plunger, cause the
head of the plunger to stop within a greater or less distance from the anvil thus
enlarging or lessening the size of the matrix in which the type is formed. Each of
the side walls, E-25, E-26, of the compression box consists of a block having an
elongated slot, E-27, extending through it vertically, through which passes a
bolt, E 28, as shown in figure; 14.
A wedge, E-29, operates to properly adjust said blocks longitudinally and an
adjustable screw, E-30, serves to properly secure them laterally. In the operation
of the machine the centered die is first depressed and firmly seated in its opening in
the upper slide so as to form, in effect a portion of the top of the compression box
then the strip of metal is fed by the operation of the feed rolls and connections across
the path of the plunger and cutter, E-12, whereupon the plunger advances, cuts off
the projecting portion of metal from the strip and continuing its forward movement
compresses and condenses such cut off portion and causes it to conform to the interior
of the compression box, the result being the production of a completed compressed
type bearing upon its end or face, the character represented by the particular die
employed.
Inasmuch as the devices for controlling the stroke of the plunger and the devices
for controlling the feed of the metal strips are both operated from the vertically
swinging arms, E-7, of the right hand side of the machine through the above
described intermediate connections, and since the amount of movement of said
vertically swinging arm is dependent upon the space value of the character to be
produced and determines, in conjunction with the corresponding swinging arm and
connections on the left hand side of the machine, the particular die of that space
value to be centered, it follows that as each die is centered and brought down into
position in the compression box the feeding devices may be operated so as to feed just
the requisite amount of metal in front of the plunger and the latter will be regulated
in its length so as to form within the compression box, from said cut off metal, a type
of the requisite density and of the proper normal space value.
As soon as the type has been completed, the die withdraws from the upper slide and
both the upper and lower slides move forward together carrying with them the type.
The forward movement of the upper slide continuing till the type has been advanced
to a point in vertical line with the discharge throat F-6, when it ceases and said
upper slide begins to retreat loosening the type from the anvil in so doing, but the
lower slide moves forward till its opening, G-24, also comes in line with said throat
when it is arrested, and the type, being left without support, drops down by its own
gravity into the throat and from thence is transferred to a galley as will be hereinafter
described. In order that there may be no liability of the type sticking to the walls of
the compression box, and thus be prevented from dropping down through the
throat, -6, the wall, E-25, is cut away, as shown at, E-40, fig. 14, to give
sufficient clearance. It may be mentioned in passing that by the provision of the
adjustable nut, G-4, the proper normal position of the die may be ascertained and
preserved.

page_text: The next portion of the machine to be described in detail is that which relates
particularly to the mechanism for forming some or all of the types of a line of
abnormal value, so as to produce a fully filled out or justified line.
We have seen that, in the production of type of the normal size or space value the
length of the type forming plunger at a given stroke and the amount of metal fed to
the compression box are dependent upon the extent of movement of the vertically
swinging arm, D-7, of the right hand side of the machine, as communicated through
the slotted vertical bar, E, the bell crank lever, E-3, and the other intermediate
connections.
Now the upper arm of the bell crank lever, E-3, is provided with a curved or
segmental slot, E 4, in which works a pin, E-2, on the slotted vertical bar, E, and
accordingly as the said pin is shifted in the slot of said bar more or less toward the
inner end of the same, the throw of said bell crank will be more or less increased and
the result will be that the stroke of the type forming plunger will be more or less
shortened and the amount of metal strip fed to the compression box correspondingly
increased, thus causing the production of type of a width or space value greater than
normal.
This variation from the normal adjustment of the machine is effected by mechanism
on the left hand or justifying side of the machine which I will now proceed to
describe.
The upper arm of the lever, D-8, on the left hand side of the machine is formed
with or has connected to it an arm, H, (see fig. 26) to which is jointed a short pitman
or connecting rod, H¹, whose opposite end is in turn jointed to a sleeve or collar, H-2,
mounted upon a vertical shaft, H-3, between a cam, H-7 and a collar on said shaft,
as shown in figures, 25, and, 26.
This shaft, H-3, is supported in bearings, H-4, and, H-5, and is capable of
being both rotated and moved vertically therein.
Upon the left hand sliding carriage, D-4, is secured an aru,.H-6 (fig. 5.) which
when the carriage is moved outward in making a dead stroke, is adapted to strike the
cam, H-7, and rock the shaft, H-3, against the tension of a spring, H-8, secured
at one end to the arm, H, and at the other to the shaft itself, as shown in figure, 26.
Also secured rigidly to the shaft, H-, is a collar, H-x, havingla stud or projec-
jection, H-9, and a hooked arm, H-10, as shown in figure, 27. The hooked
arm, H-10, is adapted to engage with a hook, H-21, on the edge of a bar, H-11,
when the shaft, H3, is rocked against the tension of the spring H-8, while the
stud, H-9, is adapted to strike a lug, h-3, on a sliding spring projected
pawl, H-13, and to disengage said pawl from one or the other of a series of ratchet
teeth, , on the side of the before mentioned bar, H-11, when the shaft, H-3, is
rotated back by the action of the spring, H-8.
The bar, H-11, is capable of a vertical motion and is steadied and guided by
means of a piñ or screw, H-15, and a projecting rib, H 22, working in a vertical
slot, H―14, in the frame work of the machine and also by a rod, H-19, secured to
the frame and passing through a guide opening in an extension, H-20, of said
bar, H-11, as shown in figures, 25 to, 30.
Upon the rod, H-19, is arranged a spring, H-13, which is compressed when the
bar, H-11, is raised by the shaft, H-3, but operates to pull down said bar when
released from said shaft.
To the outside of the bar, H-11, is pivoted at, H-16, another, bar, H-12,
having teeth, H', on one of its edges and guided at the bottom by means of the
flange, H--17, on the bar, H-11, as shown in fig. 25.
This bar, H-12, performs no office in the system of justification first to be
described, and is only referred to in passing that its illustration in the several figures
of drawings now being discussed may not tend to confusion. Outside of the

page_text: bar, H-11, H-12, is a rod, I, (fig. 25,) the inner end of which is slotted at, I', and
is supported by pin, I-2, which passes through said slot and into a stationary
portion of the frame. Carried by this rod, I, is a laterally projecting pin, 1-3,
which is adjustable in and out and adapted to be secured by means of a set
screw, I-4, (figures, 25, 29, 30,) so as to project into the plane of the inclined edge
of the bar, H-11. The outer end of rod, I, is connected to an arm, 1-5, secured to
a rock shaft, I-6, and said rock shaft has connected to it a spring, I-15, which
operates to constantly keep the pin, I-3, against the inclined edge of bar, H-11,
and has upon its end a gear segment, I-7, (figures, 6, &, 7,) which meshes with a
similar gear segment, I-8, on a rock shaft, 1-9. Rock shaft, I-9, has a bearing
at one end in the end of the rock shaft, E-5, before described, and carries an
arm, I-10, to which is connected a rod, I-11, (Figs. 6, &, 7,) bearing a pin, I-12,
that projects within the slot of the vertical rod, E, connected to the swinging
arm, D-7, of the right hand side of the machine as shown in figure, 4.
It is evident that accordingly as the rod, I-11, is retracted by the operation of
the described instrumentalities its pin, I-12, will swing the rod, E, and cause its pin
to approach nearer the inner end of the segmental slot, E-4, of the lever, E-3, and
thus effect the increase in the stroke of said lever, E-3, and consequently shorten
the type forming plunger and increase the feed of the metal strip, thereby causing the
production of types of a width or space value greater than their normal space
value. The operation of this justifying mechanism will be understood from the
following.
When the machine is first set in motion the tripping levers which control the
mechanism for feeding the record strips on both sides of the machine are thrown
back so as to clear their respective actuating cams on the sliding carriages and the
result of this is that each of the carriages makes a dead stroke and neither record strip
is fed. In making these dead strokes the arms, D-7, remain stationary, the pin on
the lever, D-8 entering into the lowest of the shelves or compartments, D-4.
At the first dead stroke on the left hand or justifying side of the machine the
arm, H-6, on the carriage strikes the cam, H-7, on the shaft, H-3, and turns the
shaft, H-3, against the tension of the spring, H-8, thereby bringing the hooked
arm, H-10, on said shaft beneath the hook, H-21, on the justifying bar, H-11,
and causing the projection, H-9, to retract or throw backward the pawl, H-13, out
of engagement with the teeth, h, on the side of the bar, H-11, with which it at the
time is cooperating.
During all succeeding dead strokes the shaft and bar, H-11 remain connected in
the manner described. As soon however as the tripping levers of the feeding
mechanism are thrown into operation the record strips begin to be fed along and
bring their perforations into play to set the pins which control the motion of the
arms, B-7.
The record strip employed on the left hand side of the machine it will be
remembered, has, in addition to the perforations which cooperate with the perfora-
tions of the strip of the right hand side to center the die, other perforations which
represent the degree above the normal which the types of any given line are to be
increased as to space value in order to produce justified lines, and the justifying
perforation for each line operates to properly set the machine before any of the types
for that line are formed.
Therefore, while both record strips are advanced when the strip feeding devices
first operate, only the left hand one brings into action a perforation to wit, the
justifying perforation for setting the machine for the formation of the first line of
type, the other strip presenting only a blank unpunctured portion. The effect of this
is to produce a dead stroke on the right hand side of the machine and an operative
stroke on the left hand side. Now, the justifying perforation is so located on the strip
as to cause the projection of one or the other of the several pins which control the
movement of the arm, D-7, but accordingly as more or less increase in the normal
width or space value of the types is required, in order to produce a justified line,

page_text: which ever pin said perforation causes to be projected that pin causes the arm, D-7,
the bell crank lever, D-8, connected to it and the shaft, H-3, to be vibrated
correspondingly.
Upon the upward movement of the shaft, H-3, the justifying bar H-11, which
is still in engagement with it, is also carried up and its inclined or beveled edge
operating upon the pin, I-3 causes the rod, I, to be drawn backward and to so
operate upon the vertical connecting rod, E, on the right hand side of the machine,
through the connections hereinbefore described, as to cause the pin, E-2, on said rod
to be shifted in the segmental slot, E-4, of the arm, E-3, to the point which will
ensure an amount of increase in the throw of said arm sufficient to so effect the
length of the type forming plunger and the feed of the metal strip to the compression
box as to secure the formation of the types of the particular space value which will
render the line of types self justifying.
When the shaft, H-3, descends in response to the downward movement of the
arm, D-7, its hooked arm, H-10, disengages from the hook, H-21, of the
bar, H-11, and the spring, H-8, turns it backward to first position so as to bring
the cam, H-7, into position for being operated upon by the cam on the carriage at
the next dead stroke. The bar, H-11, does not descend with the shaft, H-3, but is
held at the point to which it has been raised by the engagement of the spring
pawl, H-13, with one or the other of the ratchet teeth on its side.
During this formation of the types for the whole line, the position of the
bar, H-11, remains unchanged and when a new line is to be formed both record
strips again operate to produce dead strokes on their respective sides.
The effect of the dead stroke on the left hand side of the machine is to cause the
cam on the carriage to again operate upon the cam, H-7, and turn the shaft, H-3,
again forward which causes the projection, H-9, to retract and disengage the spring
pawl, H-13, from the bar, H-11, and the hooked arm, H-10, to be again returned
in position to catch under the hook, H-21, and thus arrest the liberated bar, H-11,
when impelled downward by the spring, H-18. Following the dead stroke on botli
sides of the machine is a dead stroke on the right side and an operative stroke on the
left, the effect of which is to cause the justifying bar to be again raised to proper
position and thus be held during the formation of the next line.
JUSTIFICATION BY INCREASING THE NORMAL WIDTH OR SPACE VALUE OF THE
SPACES BETWEEN WORDS.
The plan of justification which has just been described above involves the addition
of a certain percentage to each type in the line, but by slight modifications and
additions to the mechanism employed in carrying out said system, justification may
be effected by adding a percentage of increase to the spaces between words only. In
carring out this alternative system, the following additional instrumentalities are
employed viz.A bar, H-12, (figures, 25, to, 28,) pivoted to the vertically sliding
bar, H-11, at, H-16, and having one edge straight and the other edge inclined and
provided with shoulders or teeth, , as shown in figures, 25, an arm, H-23, on the
vertical shaft, H-3, and another projection, K, (indicated by dotted lines figure, 5)
similar to, H-6, applied to the head, D-4, of the sliding frame opposite the shelf
representing spaces.
The pin, 13, is required to be shortened so that it will project behind the
bar, H-12, only, as shown in figure, 30, instead of behind both bars, H-11,
and, H-12, as shown in figure, 29, and the connecting bar, I-11, on the right hand
side of the machine is connected higher up on the lever, I-10, so as, with a given
movement of said lever to impart a longer vibration to the vertical rod, E, which
controls the type forming mechanism.
In operating upon this system, both sides of the machine first make dead strokes,
during which the vertical shaft, H-3, on the left side is turned and caused to engage
with the bar, H-11, by the action of the projection, H-6, upon the cam, H-7, as
before. On the next stroke a perforation in the left hand record strip representing

page_text: the proportion of increase to be added to each of the spaces between words occuring
in the line to be formed, causes the projection of the appropriate pin, and the swinging
arm, D-8, is vibrated upward carrying with it the shaft, H-3, and connected
bars, H-11, H-12. On the downward movement of the shaft, H-3, the latter is
vibrated by its spring, back to first position and the bars, H-11, H-12, remain
suspended by virtue of the engagement of the spring pawl, H-13, with the
bar, H-11.
So long as the types representing letters or other characters are being formed the
shaft, H-3, reciprocates up and down in response to the movements of the
arms, D-7, and the lever, D-8 and the bar, H-12, remains stationary, neither
device performing any part in such type forming operation, but when a space is to be
formed the perforation indicating it causes a pin to be projected which so elevates
the arm, D-7, and, shaft, H-3, as to cause the projection, K, to strike the
cam, H-7, and partially rotate the said shaft, thereby causing the arm, H-23, to
strike against the shoulder, ', on the edge of the bar, H-12, that happens to be
opposite and to swing said bar and cause the requisite amount of motion to be given
the rod, I, to effect the desired result.
It will of course be seen that accordingly as the bar, H-12, is set high or low the
amount of swinging motion given said bar will be greater or less because of the
progressively increasing length of the steps or shoulders engaged by the arm, H-23,
and the amount of increase in the width of the space over and above its normal
width will be regulated accordingly.
Before the justifying perforation for the next line is fed along, the machine makes a
dead stroke on both sides and the projection, H-6, striking the cam, H-7, causes
the projection, H-9, to retract the spring pawl and drop the shaft in position for
again raising the bar, H-12, to the desired point.
THE ASSEMBLING OF THE COMPLETED TYPE.
The completed type as they are discharged from the compression box, drop down
through a throat, F-6, on to a ledge M, forming one of the guides or ways for the
galley, and are transferred thence to the galley one by one by the operation of a
laterally moving bar or plunger, G-19, upon the throat piece, F-5.
If the type throat, F-6, is made large enough to accommodate the largest sized
type it is evident that it will be so much too large for the narrower types as to permit
of their becoming turned in their passage through it. To guard against this turning
of the type, I therefore provide means for automatically adjusting the size of the
throat to correspond to the thickness of the particular type which is to pass through
it, that is to say, I employ an adjustable throat piece, F-5 (figures, 15, 23, & 24,)
and connect to it a lever, F, having upon its outer end a beveled portion, F-2,
with which cooperates an arm, F, on the rock shaft, E-5, on the right hand side of
the machine.
This rock shaft, it will be remembered, constitutes one of the instrumentalities
through which motion is communicated to the type forming plunger and to the metal
strip feeding devices and, therefore, accordingly as it is rocked more or less, it imparts
through the described connections, a corresponding motion to the movable throat
piece and creates a throat sufficiently large to pass the completed type formed on that
stroke without being large enough to permit of the turning of said type. At the
lower end of the type throat are located two flat springs G-20, having beveled
projections at their outer ends as shown in figure, 17. As each completed type drops
down the throat it passes between these springs and is prevented by their beveled
projections from falling forward toward the galley.
When however the plunger, G-19, is advanced it causes the throat piece, F-5,
which is also between two springs to push the type past the beveled projections and
into the galley.
The galleys employed are indicated by the letter, H, (figs. 11, 15, and, 17). They
are adapted to rest and slide upon guides or ways, M,,M', and each one carries a

page_text: series of bars, G-22 of a height preferably about equal to half the height of the
type formed and of a width corresponding substantially to the width of a line of types
and also carries a series of thin partitions or steel leads, M-3, between which the
said bars, G-22, are laid, as shown in figure, 11. As the first completed type is
discharged from the throat into the galley it passes in between two of the leads or
line spaces, M-3, and pushes along the bar, G-22, therein a distance equal to its
width, this operation being repeated till the line is formed, each succeeding type
pushing along its predecessor and causing the bar to retreat until it is finally
discharged from the galley through a slot, G-23, as shown in figure, 15. The types
themselves are prevented from being ejected with the bar by means of an abut-
ment, M-2, against which they strike when the line becomes full.
After the completion of one line the galley is automatically advanced sufficiently
to enable the types for the next line to be assembled in the manner indicated between
the next two leads. When one galley is full another is slidden in right behind it and.
in turn is filled without requiring any stoppage of the machine. Each galley is pre-
ferably provided at its opposite ends with shoulders, m, and pins, m³, that are adapted
to fit corresponding shoulders and pin holes upon adjoining galleys and thus operate
to secure the galleys together, with practically smooth joints. Other modes of
connection may be adopted if desired. The motion of the justifying mechanism on
the left hand side of the machine is availed of to operate the mechanism for effecting
the automatic advance of the galley.
Such galley advancing mechanism consists of a rock shaft L-2, adapted to be
turned in one direction by the operation of a plate or arm, L, on the extension, H-20,
of the vertically moving justifying bar, H-11, upon an arm, I, secured to said
shaft, and in the opposite direction by means of a spiral spring, L-3, as shown in
figures, 25, 26, and, 28. Rigidly secured to the outer end of said rock shaft is an
arm, L-7 (figs. 15, &, 21) which contains a spring projected dog or pawl, L-10,
and bears a pin, -4, which works within an inclined slot near the end of the
part, 1-2, of an arm, L-6, pivoted at, l, to the stationary arm, L-5, of an
elongated sleeve. L-4, mounted upon said shaft, L-2, and bolted or otherwise
secured to the frame work as shown in figures 15, and, 19. The other part, 1-3. of
the arm, L-6, has upon it a pin, 1-7, which works within a slot, -6, in another
pawl, L-9, located within the arm, L-8, also forming part of said sleeve, L-4.
A partition or division plate, L--13 (figs. 19, 19, &, 22) fits loosely upon the shaft
and is bolted to the fixed arm, L-8, and separates the parts of said arm and the parts
immediately connected to it from the movable arm, L-7, and its connected parts.
The two pawls, L-10, &, L-9, are pitched reversely and are adapted to engage
respectively with corresponding ratchet bars, L-12, & L-11, on the underside of
the galley as seen in figs. 15, &, 17.
The operation of this mechanism is as follows
:-
Normally the pawl, L-10, is in engagement with its ratchet bar L-12, while the
pawl, L-9, is retracted and when the justifying bar, H-11, is raised to the position
required to affect the justification of the line of types about to be formed the plate, L
or its extension, H-20, strikes the arm, L', and rocks the shaft, L-2, in the direction
indicated by the arrows, figs. 25, 26, 15, &, 17 against the tension of the spring, L-3.
This rocking of the shaft swings the arm, L-7, fixed thereto and causes the
pawl, I-10, to operate against the face of one of the teeth of the ratchet bar, L-12,
and the galley to be advanced so as to bring it in position for properly receiving the
next succeeding line of types. While the arm, L-7, is thus swinging with its pawl
in engagement with its ratchet bar, the pin, 2-4, operates to depress the pivoted
arm, L-6, and causes the pin, -7, to project the pawl L-9, into engagement with
one of the teeth of the ratchet bar, I-11, thus arresting the galley and preventing
it from racing.
Upon the down stroke of the justifying bar the spring, L-3, on the shaft, L-2,
will rock the said shaft and cause the arm I-7, to he swung back in the opposite
direction, during which motion the spring pawl will yield as it passes over the back
of the next tooth and will spring down in front of said tooth, while the pawl, L-9,
0

page_text: will be gradually retracted ready for the next operation. After the types have been
assembled they may be printed from direct or a stereotype or electrotype may be
taken from them as preferred, by well known processes.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE MECHANISM FOR OPERATING THE SETTING PINS."
Instead of the vertically swinging arm, D-7, and their co-operating shelves or
compartments on the sliding carriage and the electro magnetically operated pins for
determining the extent of movement of said swinging arms, I may employ the
arrangement shown in figs. 31, to 36, wherein compressed air or other fluid is
employed to set the pins and a vertically sliding plate having grooves or guides on its
sides is adapted to co-operate with the pins and to impart the requisite amount of
movement to the bell crank levers which communicate motion to the die centering and
type forming machanisms.
Referring to said figures, O, figure, 33, represents a sliding frame such as is
employed on each side of the machine and having imparted to it a reciprocating
motion through a pitman, 0, connected to one wrist of the compound crank on the
main driving shaft as in the other form of machine. This sliding frame carries a
vertically movable plate, O-2, which has on one side a series of grooves or guides, 0-3,
corresponding to the number of setting pins employed and is provided upon the
other side with a groove or guide, 0-4, in which works a roller, O-5, on the end
of the upper arm of the bell crank lever, D-8, referred to in the machine proper.
The plate, O2, is adapted to slide vertically and is guided in its movements by
grooved rollers, 0-6, shown in figs. 31 &, 33. The pins, 0-7, figure, 34, which
cooperate with the grooves or guides, O-3, on the plate, 0-2, are arranged in vertical
series each one standing normally opposite the outer end of its respective groove or
guide, as shown in figure, 31.
When either one of these pins is projected it enters the adjoining groove or
guide, 0-3, and as the sliding carriage bearing the plate, O-2, is advanced causes
the plate, 0-2, to be raised vertically more or less according to the pitch of said
grooves or guide, thereby imparting to the bell crank lever, D-8, a greater or less
movement and through the latter effecting the centering of the appropriate die and
the formation of a type corresponding thereto. Each of the grooves or guides is
made horizontal near its extremities as shown, the horizontal portion at its outer
extremity being for the purpose of permitting the setting pin to fully enter before
engaging the pitched or inclined portion of the groove and the horizontal portion at
its inner extremity being for the purpose of holding the plate, 0-2, motionless at
the time when it is desired that the bell crank lever which is engaged with the opposite
side of said plate should also be held motionless so as not to disturb the die centering
devices during the operation of the type compressing mechanism, said last named
horizontal portions of the grooves performing in this respect offices like those performed
by the shelves or compartments on the sliding carriages of the main machine herein
before described.
The devices for effecting the projection of the pins, 0-7, by means of the
perforated record strip, in this modification, are constructed as follows:-Upon the
main driving shaft, B, is an eccentric, P, which imparts motion through a rod, P¹, to
the piston of an oscillating air compressing cylinder, P-2, (fig. 33,) and a cam
groove, P-3, in a ring or plate also connected to and revolving with the said main
driving shaft, operates to shift the valve, P-4, which controls the withdrawal of
compressed air from the reservoir, P-5, connected to said air compressor.
A pipe, P-6, is connected to the air reservoir, P-5, through the valve, P-4,
shown in figures, 32, and, 33, and has two branches p-6, which extend respectively
to the right and left sides of the machine and connect respectively to: a chamber, P-7,
in which works a piston, P-8, that has a stem, p-9, encircled by a spring, P-9,
within said chamber, and connected outside of said chamber to a removable block
or jaw, P-10, as shown in figure, 36.
This block or jaw, P-10, has within it a longitudinal channel, p-11, and a series

page_text: of smaller channels or passages, P-13, corresponding in number to the number of
setting pins employed, extending from its concave face, P-12, to said longitudinal
channel. Cooperating with this movable block or jaw, P-10, is a stationary block
or jaw, P-14, having a convex surface conforming to the concave surface of the
movable block and having a series of channels, P-15, corresponding in number and
position to the small lateral channels in the movable block.
The longitudinal channel in the movable block into which all the small channels of
that block open, is in communication through pipe, P-16, and the port, 1-17, of
the valve, P-4, with the air reservoir, while cach of the several channels or
passages P-15, in the stationary block or jaw is in communication, through one or
the other of a series of pipes, P-18, with a cylinder, P-19, in which works, as a
piston, one of the setting pins, 0-7.
Between the movable block or jaw, P-10, and the stationary block or jaw, P-14,
passes the perforated record strip, which controls primarily the operation of the setting
pins. This strip is unwound from a reel, P-20, located on one side of the said
stationary and movable blocks, by the operation of two intermeshing feeding
cylinders, P-21, P-22, on the other side of said block or jaws rotated by a pawl
and ratchet device, P-23, actuated by a means of a rod, P-24, and a cam, P-25,
on the sliding carriage, O. As the sliding carriage, O, reaches the limit of its inward
movement the cam, P-25, operates upon the rod, P-24, and through the described
intermediate connections, causes the record strip to be advanced sufficiently to bring
one of the perforations therein in line with one of the pairs of perforations, P-13,
P-15, in the movable and stationary blocks or jaws, P-10, and, P-14, respectively.
As soon as this adjustment of the record strip is accomplished the valve, P-4, is
shifted by the cam groove, P-3, so as to bring its port, P-26, into communication
with the pipe, P-6, which admits compressed air into said pipe, P-6, and causes
the piston, P-8, (see fig. 36) to be projected forward against the tension of the
spring, P-9, and the movable block or jaw, P-10, connected to the stem of said
pision to be moved toward the stationary jaw, P-14, thus tightly compressing the
intervening record strip.
This accomplished the further movement of the valve, P-4, brings its port, P-17,
into communication with the pipe, P-16, and thereby permits compressed air to pass
through said pipe into the longitudinal channel, P-11, of the movable block, P-10,
and from said channel out through the lateral passage or channel, P-13, which is in
line with the operative perforation of the record strip, thence through the said perfo-
ration in the record strip into the corresponding channel or passage, P-15, in the
stationary block and thence through the pipe, P-18, to the chamber or cylinder, P-19,
wherein is located the particular setting pin corresponding to the aligned perforation
of the record strip. The air pressure acting upon this setting pin operates to project
the same into the groove or guide in the vertically movable plate 0-2, and as the
sliding carriage advances the plate, O-2, is lifted so as to impart the proper amount
of motion to the bell crank lever, D-8.
When the sliding carriage nears the end of its backward movement, its beveled or
cam surface, P-27, located within the groove or channel, 0-3, at the front thereof
strikes the end of the projected pin, 0-7, and forces it inward while at the same
time the valve, P-4, is shifted so as to permit the compressed air in the cylinders, P-7,
and, P-19, to escape through the pipes connected thereto. The withdrawal of the
ir pressure from the piston, P-3, in the cylinder, P-7, permits the spring, P-9,
to assert itself and carry the piston back to normal position thus causing the block or
aw, P—10, to be retracted sufficiently to release the record strip and to permit the
feeding devices, which at this juncture become operative by reason of the engagement
of the cam, P-25, with the rod, P-24, to advance the record strip so as to bring
he next perforation into position for registering with the appropriate air channels with
the stationary and movable blocks or jaws, as will be readily understood.
It will be observed that the port, P-26, in the valve, P-4, is about twice the area
of the port, P 17, in said valve so that full pressure may be admitted to the pipe, P-6,
for the purpose of effecting the closure of the movable jaw, P-10, before commu-

page_text: nication between the air reservoir and the pipe, P-16, is established through
port, P-17, and so that after communication has been established with said pipe, P-16,
through said port, P-17, the port, P-26, will still remain open so as to maintain
the pressure in the cylinder, P-7. I preferably apply a friction sleeve, 0-8, to the
end of cach of the setting pins, as shown in figure, 34, in order to reduce the
friction between the pins and the grooves or guides in the plate, 0-2, to the minimum.
In figures, 43, to, 48, I illustrate another modification of the means for actuating
the setting pins that are to control the movements of the vertically swinging arms or
the vertically sliding plates on the sliding carriages. On the whole this modification
is preferable to either the plan which involves the use of electro magnetism or the
plan in which compressed air figures, for the reason that it embraces only positively
acting mechanism less liable to disarrangement and more certain in its operation than
those employed in connection with the other plans referred to. Referring to last
mentioned figures, U, represents the setting pins, and, U-8, the record sirip.
Each of the setting pins is mounted so as to be capable of a longitudinal movement
back and forth, and through each pass, transversely, a pin, U₁, the shank of which is
flattened, as shown at, U-2, (figs. 47, &, 48,) and is guided as the setting pin is
moved back and forth in a slot, U-3, in the stationary part, U-4, as shown in
figs. 45, and, 47. U-5, represents a series of levers as many in number as there are
setting pins.
Each of these levers is pivoted at, U-6, and' one of its arms extends beneath one
of the pins, U¹, while the other one bears a finger or projection, U-7, which is
adapted to enter corresponding perforations in the record strip, U-8, also shown in
figure, 45. A spring, U-9, operates upon the lever to keep the finger normally
depressed upon the record strip.
U-10, represents a sliding carriage, such as is found on each side of the machine
and corresponding to the sliding carriage lettered, D-5, in figures, 5, and, 26.
Secured to this carriage is a bar, U-11, which has a longitudinal slot or guide, U-12,
on its side in which works the end of the arm, U-13, secured to a rock shaft, U-14.
For the greater part of its length the slot, U-12, is straight but near its outer end it
is inclined as shown in figure, 44. From this it results that while the carriage is
moving through the greater part of its stroke the arm, U-13, remains motionless,
but when the end of the out strike is approached, the said arm passes into the inclined
portion of the slot and is thereby depressed, thus causing the shaft, U-14, to be
rocked. A reverse movement of the carriage rocks the shaft back to first position
where it remains during the remainder of the stroke in that direction. Secured to
the rock shaft are two arms, U-15, which are connected at their lower ends by a
bar, U-16, (figs. 43, 44, 45,).
Also secured to the rock shaft are two other arms, U-17, which are in like manner
connected at their ends by a bar, U-18.
The record strip, U-8, passes from a drum. U-17, over a bed or block, U-20,
and thence between a pair of feed rolls to one of which is secured a ratchet
wheel, U-21. Cooperating with this ratchet wheel is a vibrating arm, U-22,
carrying a pawl, U-23 and having connected to it a rod, U-24, the outer end of
which has a cam projection, U-25, which stands normally in the path of a cam, U-26,
on the sliding carriage, as shown in figures, 45, &, 46.
As the sliding carriage nears the inner end of its stroke, the cam, U-26, strikes
the projection, U-25, on the rod, U-24, and through the pawl arm and other
intermediate devices causes the record strip to be advanced and to bring beneath the
finger of one or the other of the levers, U-5, a perforation, whereupon the said
finger drops into the said perforation, and under the influence of the spring, U-9
the pin, U, corresponding to the lever actuated is pressed upward. Then immediately
at the commencement of the outward movement of the carriage the arm, U-13
enters the inclined portion of the slot, U-12, and vibrates the rock shaft, U-14, in
a manner to cause the bar, U-16, on the arm, U-15, to sweep forward strike the
head of the elevated pin, U 8 and carry said pin forward and with it the setting pin
through which it passes. During the remainder of the outward movement of the

page_text: carriage as well as during a greater portion of the inward movement of the arm
the setting pins referred to remain projected by reason of the pressure of the bar, U-16,
against its elevated actuating pin, U₁, and the extended portion, U-30, of
the said bar, U-16, projects over all the other pins, U¹, of the series and prevents
any displacement of the same.
As the end of the next inward movement is reached however the arm, U-13, is
thrown in the opposite direction by the inclined portion of the slot, U-12, which
causes the bar, U-16, to swing out from contact with the elevated pin, U₁, and the
bar, U-18, on the arm, U-17, to swing forward, strike the inclined portion, U-28,
of pin, U, depress said pin and then by engagement with the shoulder, U-29, of the
same carry it back and with it the setting pin to first position.
The depression of the elevated pin, U, of course causes all the levers, U-5, to be
tilted on their pivots so as to withdraw the finger of the depressed lever from the
perforation in the record strip and lift all the remaining fingers from contact with the
record strip so as to permit the feeding mechanism to advance the record strip without
any resistance from the fingers and bring another perforation into play.
Above the levers, U-5, and between them and the rod, U-24, of the strip feeding
mechanism I arrange a pivoted bar, U-22, and to an extension of it I apply a gear
sector, U-33, which meshes with a corresponding sector, U-34, on an operating
shaft, U-35.
This shaft, U-35, bears a weighted arm, U-36. By shifting the weighted arm to
one side of the shaft the pivoted bar, U-32, is brought into the position shown in
dotted lines fig. 45, and operates to tilt all of the pivoted levers, U-5, so as to raise
their points or fingers from the record strip, as well as to lift the rod, U-24, of the
strip feeding mechanism out of the path of the actuating cam projection, U-25, on
the sliding carriage. By throwing the weighted arm on the other side of the shaft,
the said bar, U-32, permits the parts to assume their normal operative position. It
will of course be understood that a gear segment. similar to, U-34, is secured to the
other end of the shaft, U-35, for meshing with the duplicate mechanism on the other
side of the machine so that the shifting of the weighted arm will render the mechanism
on both sides of the machine operative or inoperative simultaneously.
MODIFICATION OF THE JUSTIFYING MECHANISM.
In figures, 37, to, 42, is represented a modification of the devices for effecting the
formation of justified lines of type. By means of this modified form of mechanism,
not only can justification be effected by the addition to each character or type of a
certain percentage of its own normal width, or by the proper increase in width only
of the spaces between the words, but also by the addition to the width of all the
characters or types in a line a certain definite amount of increase, the same to each
character or type regardless of its normal width or space value.
Referring to the last mentioned figures I-6, represents a shaft corresponding to the
one similarly lettered in figs. 6, and 7, and which is adapted to be rocked in one
direction through the agency of the connecting rod, I, pin, 1-3, and bars, H-11,
or, H-12, (figs. 5, and, 25,) and in the opposite direction by means of a spring, I-15.
applied to it as shown in figure, 7. This shaft has connected to it an arm. R, which is
joined to one end of a centrally pivoted lever, R', having connected to its opposite end
a bar, R2, that is jointed by a swiveling connection, R-3, to the shaft, R-4,
located within a hollow rock shaft, R-5, mounted in fixed standards or bearings, R-6,
as shown in figure, 37. The rock shaft, R-5, is adapted to be rocked by means of a
lever arm, Rx, corresponding to the arm, E-3, in figure, 4, and like said last
mentioned arm receiving motion from the vertically moving arm, D-7, on the right
hand side of the machine and said rock shaft is formed with a depending portion, R-7.
which is enclosed by a plate, R-8, at the front and a longer plate, R-9, at the rear,
as shown in figures, 37, and 39, to, 41, the plate, R-8, being secured to the
plate, R-9, by screws or other fastenings as shown.
A yoke, R-10, also encloses the part, R-7, and its upper ends are connected by.

page_text: à pin, R-11, bearing friction roller, R-12, working in a slot, R-13, in an
arm, R-14, pivoted to frame, R-15, and adapted to be secured at different
angles as shown in figure, 37. This frame, R-14, is connected to the longitudinally
moving shaft, R-4, by means of a screw, R-17, which passes down through a slot
in the tubular rock shaft, R-5.
The lower end of the yoke, R-10, is connected by a link, R-18, to an arm, R-19
on a rock shaft, R-20, which has its bearings in lugs on the plate, R--9, as shown
in fig. 40, and bears at one end another arm, R-21, provided with a slot, R-22,
through which passes a bolt, R-23, secured to a block which is adapted to ride
between vertical guides, R-24, affixed to the standard, R-6, shown in figure, 42.
The set screw, R-25, serves in connection with a nut, R-26, on the bolt, R-23, to
secure said bolt at any desired point of adjustment within the slot, R-22. When
desired the yoke, R-10, may be connected to the plates, R-8, and, R-9, by
bringing perforations, R-27, therein into line with corresponding perforations, R-28,
in said plates and passing a pin through said perforations as will be readily understood.
The link, R-18, can also be disconnected from the arm, R-19 by the removal of
the pin, Ry. In an extension, R-29, at the lower end of the plate, R-9, are
arranged two blocks, R-30, R 31, rendered adjustable vertically by means of
adjusting screws, R-32, R 33, respectively and having pin bearings, R—34, R 35,
respectively that enter corresponding vertical grooves in connecting rods, R-36, R-37,
which lead respectively to the mechanism for regulating the increase of the stroke of
the type forming plunger above the normal and to the mechanism for regulating the
feed of the metal strip to the compression box.
A laterally extending arm, R-39, on the lower end of the plate, R-9, is adapted
to operate upon the lever, F¹, which regulates the area of the throat through which
the completed type pass on their way to the galley in precisely the same manner as
said lever is operated upon by the arm, F, in figs. 6, and, 24. When it is desired to
produce justified lines by the addition of a certain percentage to the width of each
character, the pin, I-3, (figure, 25,) upon the bar, I, is adjusted so as to engage with
the beveled edge of the justifying bar, H-11, and upon the said bar H-11, being
raised in the manner hereinbefore described to the height required to effect the
addition of the desired percentage, the shaft, I-6, will, through the instrumentality
of the bar, I, be rocked so as to cause a movement of the arm, R, from the position
indicated by the full lines in said figure, which movement of the bar, R, will, through
the operation of the centrally pivoted lever, R', and the bar, R-2, cause the central
shaft, R-4, to be forced in longitudinally and thereby cause the inclined slotted
arm, R-14, to force down more or less the yoke, R-10, and through the operation
of the link, R-18, arm, R-19, shaft, R-20, and adjustable slotted arm, R-21,
swing the plates, R-8, R-9, more or less out of vertical line according to the amount
of throw given the yoke, R-10, and the position of adjustment at which the
pin, R-23, is secured within the slot, R-22, of said arm, R-21.
This preliminary adjustment of the plates, R-8, R-9, out of a vertical position
causes the connections, R-36, R-37, to be shifted so as to set the plunger and the
strip feeding mechanism at the adjustment necessary to produce types having
the proper percentage of increase in width, and when through the operation of the
mechanism of the right hand side of the machine communicated to the lever, R-c,
the plates, R-8, R-9, and their connections are vibrated back and forth, such types
will be produced.
Before the next line of types is formed the mechanism is returned to normal
position and re-set according to the justification required for the new line.
In order to justify by adding to each type or character an equal amount of increase
in width the only change required is the insertion of a pin through the perfora-
tions, R-27, R-28, so as to connect the yoke, R-10, to the plates, R-8, R-9,
and the removal of the pin, R-y, so as to throw the shaft, R-20, and connections out
of operation.
To justify by increasing the thickness of the spaces between words only, the only
further change in the adjustment of the parts required is that the pin, I-3

page_text: (figures, 5, 25, and, 30,) be shifted so as to cooperate with the justifying bar, H—12,
instead of with the justifying bar, H-11, in the manner heretofore pointed out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The hereindescribed improvement in the art of printing, consisting in producing
a justified line of types by first ascertaining the amount of unoccupied space required
to be filled up by justification, if types of normal or standard size are used, and then
forming the types that are to compose said line of abnormal width in order to fill out
or absorb such unoccupied space; substantially as set forth.
2. The herein described improvement in the art of printing, consisting in producing
a justified line of types, by first ascertaining the amount of unoccupied space required
to be filled up by justification if types of normal or standard size were used, and then
adding to all the types produced for such line an increase above the normal sufficient.
in the aggregate to fill out or absorb such unoccupied space; substantially as set
forth.
3. The improvement in the art of printing, consisting in forming a justfied line of
separate types by varying the width of the types that are to compose a line, in
proportion to the space in such line required to be filled by justification and assembling
such types substantially as described.
4. The herein described improvement in the art of printing, consisting in producing
a justified line of types by first ascertaining the amount of unoccupied space required
to be filled by justification if types of normal or a standard size were used, and then
varying the width of each of the types produced for such line a definite percentage so
that such variations in the aggregate will cause the types to just fill out the line.
5. An improvement in the art of printing, consisting in forming a justified line of
separate types by varying the width of each of the types that are to compose the line
a definite percentage, so that such variations in the aggregate will cause the types to
fill out the line and then assembling such types; substantially as described.
6. The herein described improvement in the art of printing, consisting in producing
a justified line of types by first ascertaining the amount of unoccupied space required
to be filled up by justification if types of normal or standard size were used, and then
forming successively the types that are to compose the line, the printing characters of
normal width and the space types of a width varying according to the amount of
space required to be filled out or absorbed by justification; substantially as
described.
7. A line of matter from which to print or stereotype, composed of separate types
formed of such widths as when assembled to fill out said line without further
justification; substantially as described.
8. A line of matter from which to print or stereotype, composed of separate types
varied from the normal as to width sufficiently to fill out or justify the line; substantially
as described.
9. A line of matter from which to print or stereotype, composed of separate types
increased equally above the normal as to width and sufficiently to fill out or justify
the line substantially as described.
10. In a type forming machine, the combination with a series of dies, of a plunger
for depressing any one of said dies when brought beneath it, die centering mechanism
for centering the dies beneath said plunger, and a type compression box or matrix of
which the centered and depressed die forins a part; substantially as described.
11. The combination with the main shaft, of the spring pressed plunger mounted
therein having a lateral beveled projection and the actuating cam for operating said
plunger substantially as described.
12. The combination with the plunger on the main shaft having the lateral
projection, of the cam for actuating said plunger and the thimble and spring with
which said cam cooperates; substantially as described.
13. The combination with the plunger on the main shaft having the lateral

page_text: .
projection, of the cam for actuating said plunger and the thimble, the spring and
adjusting nut with which said cam cooperates; substantially as described.
14. In a type forming machine, the combination of a compression box, a die
adapted to form part of the same,' means, substantially as described for feeding a strip.
of metal or other material to the compression box, and a plunger operating to cut off
a portion of said strip and to compress it in the compression box to form a type ;.
substantially as described.
15. In a type forming machine, the combination with a series of dies arranged in a
die carrier as described, two independent sliding frames for adjusting the die carrier in
planes at right angles to each other, an arm or plate connected, substantially in the
manner described, to each of said sliding frames, a series of setting pins for actuating
each of said movable arms or plates, and two record strips, one for each series of
setting pins, for causing the projection of one or the other of the pins of each series
and thereby by causing a greater or less movement of the said movable plates or bars,
imparting to the slides which operate the die carrier movements which will bring the
desired die to the centering point; substantially as described.
16. In a type forming machine, the combination of the sliding carriages on the
right and left hand sides of the machine, respectively, the vertically swinging arms
connected to the said carriages, the setting pins, the bell crank levers guided and
vibrated by the swinging arms, the sliding frames connected to said levers and the
carrier substantially as described.
17. In a type forming machine, the combination of the sliding carriages on the
right and left hand sides of the machine, and each having a series of compartments of
shelves, the vertically swinging arms, connected to said carriers, the setting pins, the
bell crank levers guided and actuated by the swinging arms, the sliding frames and the
die carriers; substantially as described.
18. In a type forming machine, the combination of the sliding carriages on the
right and left hand sides of the machine, respectively, the vertically swinging arms
connected to said carriages, the setting pins, the two record strips and connections
substantially as described, for projecting the setting pins in accordance with the scoring
of the strips, the bell crank levers guided and vibrated by the swinging arms, the
sliding frames connected to said levers and the die carrier, substantially as
described.
19. In the herein described type forming machine the combination of the second
record strip with the feeding rolls, the contact bars and contact fingers, the electro
magnets included in circuit with the said contact bars and fingers, the armature levers
operated by said electro magnets, and the setting pins connected to said armature
levers, the whole constructed and arranged; substantially as described.
20. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination of the second
record strip and its feeding rollers, with the movable arm or plate on the sliding
carriage, the tripping lever and the mechanism connected thereto for rotating the feed
rolls step by step, and the cam on the sliding carriage for actuating said tripping
lever whereby to cause the record strip to be advanced after the formation of each
character; substantially as described.
21. In a type forming machine, the combination, substantially as described,
with the tripping lever connected in the manner substantially as described, to the
record strip feeding mechanism of the weighted lever also connected to the tripping
lever and adapted to throw the latter into or out of the path of the cam on the sliding
carriage so as to throw the strip feeding mechanism into or out of operation as
desired substantially as described.
22. In a type forming machine, two scored record strips two independent series of
setting pins actuated substantially as described, by said record strips, and two inde-
pendent movable arms or frames controlled respectively by said two series of setting
pins, in combination with a series of dies, mechanism, substantially as described,
operated by the movements of the said two movable arms or frames to center one or
the other of the series of dies, a plunger for depressing the centered die, a matrix or

page_text: mold of which the centered and depressed die constitutes a part and a plunger
working in the matrix or mold as set forth.
23. In a type forming machine, two scored record strips two independent series of
setting pins actuated, substantially as described by said record strips, and two inde-
pendent movable arms or frames controlled respectively by said two series of setting
pins, in combination with a series of dies, mechanism substantially as described,
operated by the movements of the said two movable arms or frames to center one or
the other of the series of dies, a plunger for depressing the central die, a compression
box with which the centered and depressed die cooperates to form a matrix, devices
substantially as described for feeding the material of which the type is to be formed
to the compression box and a plunger operating to sever a portion of the type
material and compress it in the matrix or compression box against the die, both, said
plunger and feeding devices being operated from one of the said movable arms or
frames, substantially as described, whereby the amount of metal fed to the compression
box and the length of the compressing plunger are automatically regulated with
reference to each other and to the normal thickness of the type, as set forth.
24. In a type forming machine, the combination, substantially as described of a
series of dies, a die centering mechanism, a compression box, means for moving the
centered die, so as to form part of the compression box, mechanism substantially as
described, for feeding the type strip to the compression box, a cutting off and
compression plunger, cooperating with said compression box and mechanism substan-
tially as described for effecting the feed of the type strip and regulating the length
of said plunger proportioned to the normal width of a type corresponding to the
centered die, substantially as described.
25. In a type forming machine, the combination of a compression box, a die adapted
to form part of the same and an adjustable plunger operating within said compression
box, substantially as described.
26. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the cutting
and compressing plunger having the screw threaded shank with the screw nut
connected to said shank means, substantially as described, for operating the plunger,
and means, substantially as described for rotating the nut so as to lengthen or shorten
the plunger, substantially as described.
27. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination of the cutting
and compressing plunger having the screw shank, the screw nut connected thereto,
the adjustable connection between said nut and the lever or arm through which said
plunger is reciprocated back and forth with said last mentioned lever; substantially
as described.
28. In a type forming machine, the combination with a compression box, a die
adapted to form a part of the same, and a plunger operating within said compression
box, of a type throat through which the completed type are discharged from the
compression box, having an adjustable throat piece and connections, substantially as
described, between the said plunger and throat piece whereby a throat way is formed
corresponding to the width of the type produced; substantially as described.
29. In the herein described type forming machine, the compression box having the
side walls and the upper and lower slides, the former carrying the anvil, in combina-
tion with the centered die and the cutting and compression plunger; substantially as
described.
30. In the herein described type forming machine, the compression box having the
side walls and the upper and lower slides, the former carrying the anvil, in combina-
tion with the mechanism substantially as described, for advancing and retracting the
upper slide so as to cause the anvil to free the type from itself and the side walls and
bring it in line with the type throat and other inechanism, substantially as described
for advancing the lower slide so as to bring its aperture also in line with type throat
and permit the completed type to drop down through the type throat; substantially
as described.
31. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with side walls
and upper and lower slides, of the compression box, and mechanism substantially as

page_text: described for operating said slides of the type throat having a movable throat piece,
and mechanism substantially as described for adjusting said throat piece as set forth.
32. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the
compression box or matrix, in which the type are formed, of the reciprocating cutting
and compressing plunger and the positively acting feeding rolls for feeding the type
strip to the compression box transversely of the plunger, substantially as described.
33. In a type forming machine, a series of dies, mechanism for centering any one
of said dies, a compression box or matrix, of which the centered die is adapted to
form a part, a reciprocating plunger operating to cut off a portion from a type strip
and to compress it within the compression box or matrix, mechanism, substantially
as described for imparting to the said plunger movements that will effect the produc-
tion of types of the normal size, and independent mechanism substantially as described,
set in operation by a record strip, for shortening the plunger so as to cause it to make
types of greater width or space value such as will produce justified lines; substantially
as described.
34. In a type forming machine, the combination of two series of setting pins, two
movable arms or frames controlled thereby a die carrier having a series of dies
arranged therein, connections substantially as described, between the movable arms
or frames and the die carrier by which the die is centered, a compression box or
matrix of which the centered die forms a part, a reciprocating plunger operating
within the compression box or matrix, means substantially such as described, for
adjusting the length of the plunger, connections, substantially as described, between
said adjusting means and one of the swinging arms, and two record strips both of
which are scored in a manner to set in operation both series of setting pins and effect
the centering of any particular die and one of which is further scored in a manner to
independently set in operation one series of setting pins and thus by effecting the
throw of the movable arm or frame which controls the plunger adjusting mechanism,
cause the plunger to be shortened and effect the production of types of a width or
space value greater than normal; as set forth.
35. In a type forming machine, the combination of two series of setting pins, two
movable arms or frames controlled thereby, a die carrier having a series of dies
arranged therein, connections, substantially as described between the movable arms or
frames and the die carrier, a compression box or matrix of which the centered die
forms a part, a plunger operating within the compression box, means, substantially
such as described, for adjusting the length of the plunger, a type throat having an
adjustable wall, connections, substantially as described, between said plunger, adjusting
means, and the adjustable type throat wall and one of the swinging arms and two
record strips both of which are scored in a manner to set in operation both swinging
arms and one of which is further scored so as to independently set in operation the
series of setting pins which controls the movement of the arm with which the
plunger adjusting devices and the type throat wall are connected; substantially as
described.
36. The combination with the setting pins and the vertically movable arm or plate,
mounted on the sliding carriage on the right hand side of the machine and controlled
by the setting pins, of the rod connected to said movable arm, and the arm or lever
to which said connecting rod is jointed, and the rock shaft to which said arm or lever
is secured, and the cutting and compressing plunger, of the type forming mechanism
operated from said rock shaft; substantially as described.
37. The combination with the setting pins, with the vertically movable arm or plate
mounted on the sliding carriage on the right hand side of the machine and controlled
by the setting pins, of the rod connected to said movable arm, the arm or lever to
which said connecting rod is jointed, the rock shaft to which said arm or lever is
secured, the rolls for feeding the type strip and the intermediate connections, whereby
the said feed rolls are caused to advance the type strip to the compression box more
or less according to the amount of motion imparted to said rock shaft; substantially
as described.
38. The combination with the setting pins, the vertically movable arm or plate

page_text: mounted on the sliding carriage on the right hand side of the machine and controlled
by the setting pins as described, of the rod connected to said movable arm and the
arm or lever to which said connecting rod is jointed the rock shaft to which said arm
or lever is secured, the cutting, compressing plunger and the type strip feeding rolls,
& intermediate connections such as set forth, between said rock shaft and the said
plunger and feeding rolls; substantially as described.
39. The combination of the vertically movable arm or plate, mounted upon the
sliding carriage on the right hand side of the machine, of the movable throat piece
forming part of the discharge throat for the type and intermediate connections,
substantially such as described, between the said vertically movable arm and such
throat piece; substantially as described.
40. The combination of the adjustable cutting and compressing plunger and the
adjustable throat piece with the vertically movable arm or plate, mounted on the
carriage on the right hand side of the machine and connections, substantially as
described, between such vertically moving arm and the said adjustable plunger and
movable throat piece; substantially as described.
41. The combination of the type strip feeding devices and the adjustable throat
piece, with the vertically movable arm or plate, mounted on the sliding carriage on
the right hand side of the machine, and the intermediate connections, substantially
such as described by which said type strip feeding devices and the said movable throat
piece are operated from the said vertically movable arm or plate; substantially as
described.
42. The combination of the adjustable cutting and compressing plunger, the type
strip feeding devices and the adjustable type throat, with the vertically movable arm
or plate mounted on the right hand side of the machine and the intermediate connec-
tions, substantially as described, by which said adjustable plunger, type strip feeding
mechanism and adjustable throat are operated from said vertically movable arm or
plate, substantially as described.
43. In a type forming machine, the combination with the type forming matrix of
which a die forms a part, of a reciprocating plunger operating in said matrix,
mechanism substantially such as described, for lengthening or shortening the plunger
so as to regulate the extent of its movement within the matrix, a series of setting
pins, a movable arm. or frame controlled thereby, connections, substantially as described,
between said arm or frame and the mechanism for lengthening and shortening the
plunger and a scored record strip for cooperating with and actuating setting pins,
whereby by means of the scoring of the record strip the movement of the plunger
within the matrix and the width or space value of the type formed is regulated:
substantially as described.
44. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the adjust-
able type forming devices, the vertically movable arm or plate on the right hand side
of the machine and the adjustable connections, substantially as described between said
vertically movable arm and the type forming devices, by means of which a given
throw of said movable arm may be caused to impart more or less movement to the
type forming mechanism, of the vertically movable arm or plate on the left hand side
of the machine and mechanism, substantially as described, set in motion by said last
named movable arm for adjusting the said adjustable connections on the right hand
side of the machine, so as to cause the types produced to be of the width or space
value more or less above the normal; substantially as described.
45. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the adjust-
able type forming devices and the adjustable connections between said forming devices
and the vertically movable arm or plate on the right hand side of the machine, by
which the said die forming devices are operated, of a justifying bar, means, substan-
tially as described for shifting it vertically by. the operation of the vertically movable
arm on the left hand side of the machine and devices substantially as described,
operated by the shifting of said justifying bar for setting the adjustable connections
referred to on the right hand side of the machine, for the purpose specified.

page_text: 46. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the verti-
cally movable shaft on the left hand or justifying side of the machine and means
substantially as described, for turning it, of the vertically sliding justifying bar,
devices substantially as described, for connecting said shaft to said justifying bar and
causing the latter to be raised, and a bar shifted by the movement of the justifying
bar for setting the adjustable connections on the right hand side of the machine,
substantially as described.
47. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the verti-
cally movable shaft on the left hand side or justifying side of the machine, and the
vertically sliding justifying bar which said shaft lifts, of the spring projected pawl
for engaging said justifying bar, and holding it in the elevated position during the
formation of the types for a line; substantially as described.
48. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the verti-
cally adjustable shaft on the left hand side or justifying side of the machine, and the
justifying bar, of the spring pawl for engaging with the justifying bar, and the
projection and hook on the shaft cooperating respectively with the spring pawl and a
hook on the justifying bar, whereby, when the shaft is turned in one direction, it will
engage its hook with the hook on the justifying bar and will disengage the spring
pawl from the latter and vice versa; substantially as described.
49. The combination with the justifying bar having the shoulders arranged
progressively on its edge, with the arm on the vertically movable shaft for cooperating
with said shoulders, of the connecting rod and pin with which the vertical edge of
said justifying bar cooperates and the described mechanism on the right hand side of
the machine operated upon by said connecting rod; substantially as described.
50. The combination with the two vertically movable justifying bars, the adjustable
pin adapted to be shifted so as to engage with either of said bars, the connecting rod
upon which said pin is mounted and the described mechanism on the right hand
side of the machine operated upon by said connecting rod; substantially as
described.
51. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the type
throat, of the springs near the bottom thereof having beveled ends and means for
ejecting the type from between said springs in to the galley; substantially as
described.
52. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the springs
in the lower end of the type throat, the movable throat piece and the plunger for
causing the advance of the throat piece and the consequent transfer of the type from
the throat piece to the galley; substantially as described.
53. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the galley,
of the laterally movable bars thereon which retreat as the types are assembled;
substantially as described.
54. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the galley,
of the bars which retreat as the types are assembled and still "leads" or thin line
spaces substantially as described.
55. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination with the galley
bearing its retreating bars, of the stop on the frame for arresting the movement of
the types as each line becomes filled, whereby the types are properly held after the
follower bar is pushed out of the way; substantially as described.
56. In the herein described type forming machine, the galleys, provided at opposite
ends with shoulders or pins and adapted to fit into each other and preserve practically
smooth joints; substantially as described.
57. In a type forming machine, the combination with a matrix or compression box
in which the types are formed, an adjustable plunger working within said box and
determining by the extent of its movement the width of the type produced, means,
substantially as described for adjusting the plunger before commencing the types for
a line, a movable galley and means substantially as described for transferring the
completed type to said galley and devices substantially such as described operated upon

page_text: by the mechanism which adjusts the throw of the plunger for automatically advancing
the galley; whereby as the machine is set for the production of a new line of types
the galley will be automatically advanced in position to receive the type for said new
line substantially as described.
58. In a type forming machine, the combination with the galley, a mechanism
substantially such as described, for advancing the galley step by step and the movable
justifying bar on the left hand side of the machine for imparting motion to said step
by step mechanism; substantially as described.
59. In a type forming machine, the combination with the galley having the racks
of the vibratory pawls, the rock shaft and its arm and the movable justifying bar and
its connections for vibrating said rock shaft; substantially as described.
60. In a type forming machine, the combination with the galley of the movable
justifying bar adapted to be set before the formation of types for a new line as
described, a feeding mechanism, substantially such as described, between the justifying
bar and the galley for advancing the galley as the justifying bar is shifted and devices
for arresting the said galley when it has advanced the distance of one line; substan-
tially as described.
61. In the herein described type forming machine, the combination of the arm, L-7,
containing a spring projected dog or pawl with the pivoted arm, I-6, stationary
arm, L-8, and pawl, L-9, and the reversed ratchet bars on the galley, the whole
constructed and arranged; substantially as described.
DALL AL
1005
Datel A 71
3311E VERD
1007
1034
TOLBERT LANSTON.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.