IMPROVE- MENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING BONES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rankin, of the Union Foundry, in Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING BONES."
Sealed the 4th October 1860, and dated the 10th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rankin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1860.
I, JOHN RANKIN, of the Union Foundry, in Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING BONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in mills for grinding bones.
For these purposes, the notched or serrated cutters are formed on straight
blades, which are set obliquely on the surface of a cylinder in grooves formed
therein. Each blade is made with parrallel grooves on the front surface
thereof, so that by the upper or outer edge of the cutter being ground away
in an inclined direction at the back, the teeth are sharpened. The blades are
fixed on the cylinder by means of two hoops, which are placed on two
flanges formed on the two ends of the cylinder there being notches in the
flanges corresponding with the grooves formed in the surface of the cylinder
to receive the straight blades, and the blades are adjusted by screws.
axis of the cylinder turus in suitable bearings carried by the framing of the
The

page_text: machine. The axis has a fly wheel thereon, and receives motion by a strap
from a steam engine or other power acting on a pulley or drum fixed on the
axis. The bones to be ground are placed in a hopper above the cylinder, and
a slow motion is communicated from the axis of the cylinder to another axis
by means of a strap, and such other axis by a pinion gives motion to a cog
wheel, from which by means of two crank pins and two connecting rods, which
are connected to parts of the hopper, motion is communicated to the front
parts of the hopper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
>
by the said John Rankin, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RANKIN, of the Union Foundry, in Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Iron Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Ranken, Her special licence that I, the said John Ranken,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Ranken, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILLS FOR GRINDING BONES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Ranken, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Ranken, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in mills for grinding bones.
For these purposes the notched or serrated cutters are formed on straight
blades, which are set obliquely on the surface of a cylinder in grooves formed
therein. Each blade is made with parallel grooves on the front surface thereof
so that by the upper or outer edge of the cutter being ground away in an:
inclined direction at the back, the teeth are sharpened. The blades are fixed.
on the cylinder by means of two hoops, which are placed on two flanges
formed on the two ends of the cylinder, there being notches in the flanges.
corresponding with the grooves formed in the surface of the cylinder to receive
the straight blades, and the blades are adjusted by screws. The axis of
the cylinder turns in suitable bearings carried by the framing of the machine.
The axis has a fly wheel thereon, and receives motion by a strap from a steam
engine or other power acting on a pulley or drum fixed on the axis. The
bones to be ground are placed in a hopper above the cylinder, and a slow
motion is communicated from the axis of the cylinder to another axis by
means of a strap, and such other axis by a pinion gives motion to a cog wheel
from which by means of two crank pins and two connecting rods, which
are connected to parts of the hopper, motion is communicated to the front parts
of the hopper.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation; Figure 2, a plan, and Figure 3, a
transverse section of a machine arranged according to my Invention. a is the
framing of the machine; b is the main or driving shaft having thereon a fly
wheel c, and also a driving and a loose drum d, d, also a pulley or drum e, by
means of which drum and a driving band or strap acting on the drum f,
motion is given to the axis g, which by a pinion gives motion to the axis h, on
which there are two crank pins i, j, which by the connecting rods or links k, k,
give motion to part of the hopper as shown. It is preferred that the lower
cutter should not be absolutely fixed, but should be moveable and retained
in position by a weighted lever m, so that in the event of any hard substance
coming between the knives of the rotating cylinder n, and the cutter 1, the
cutter may give way and allow of such hard substance passing, but this
fixing of the cutter 1 is not essential and may be dispensed with. The bones
as they are cut descend down a shoot and by preference into and through a rotating
sieve, as shown, but such sieve may be dispensed with; when used it receives
motion by a band on the pulleys o, p. The cylinder n is arranged with two
l

page_text: hoops or rings n' at the two ends, and the recesses or grooves in the cylinder
are parallel to each other, but inclined or oblique to the axis of the cylinder.
The cutters n² are moved or adjusted in the grooves by means of screws and
the cutters are straight blades formed with parallel grooves in their front
surfaces so that when ground to a bevil or incline at the back it will produce
serrated edges to such blades, which will be found peculiarly useful for grinding
bones particularly when used in cylinders in the manner shown in the
Drawings.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is the
combined arrangement of mills for grinding bones lierein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ranken, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN RANKIN. (L.S.)