Improvements in Surveying Instruments.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Surveying Instruments.
1
J
WILLIAM FORD STANLEY, of 4 and 5, Great Turnstile, Holborn, W.C., in the
County of London, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
:-
The object of my invention is to provide an instrument by means of which
direct observation from the front of the instrument may be taken by sights or
through a telescope of the angular direction and inclination to the horizon of two
or more objects or stations in relation to the vertical and horizontal axes of the
instrument, by the plain reading of divisions and figures upon a combination of
dials, similar to that of a revolution counter. The base distance of the objects
sighted is also given in the telescope by subtense points or lines which read
upon a stadia, placed at the stations, by means of rack and pinion work from
the horizontal axis or its dial wheelwork or by a micrometer adjusted from the
inclination reading. The levelling of the instrument is also arranged so that it
may be done from its front. The instrument to which this invention most
particularly refers I term a hodolite."
The special use of the hodolite will be to work effectively in coal or other
mineral seams where there is little headway or space to get round the instrument
for lateral reading, the whole construction being so arranged that the instru-
ment may be worked from its face. The instrument or its separate parts will
be also adapted to surface work and may be combined with a theodolite or other
instrument for this purpose. To carry out. this invention I use the lower part
of a theodolite or mining dial, that is, the tripod stand, vertical axis, and lower
limb to bring the upper parts of the instrument to which this invention applies,
into level and bearing. Then as regards the upper parts (the speciality of the
hodolite) these may conveniently be divided into four divisions for description
of this invention.
Taking a theodolite to indicate the principle of construction of the hodolite
as regards the axes of motion in horizontal and vertical direction of the axis of
the telescope, then;-1stly, as regards the horizontal motion. In the theodolite
the upper member of the limb moves a vernier over a divided circle upon which
degrees and minutes are read on opposite parts of the limb. In this invention
a cogged wheel is placed upon the axis which is geared into other wheels so that
the reading indicated by the vernier in the ordinary way is shown upon a series
of dials which show the same direction in degrees and minutes by means of a train
of wheels which actuate a series of dials similar to a revolution counter.
dials are so arranged that they stand vertically in front of the instrument, or
approximately so, and may be arranged horizontally in line or one over the other.
They may form the only reading of degrees and minutes or be supplementary to
the more exact vernier reading. 2ndly. Vertical movement of the telescope.
This has been indicated previously by an index hand geared to the horizontal
axis by a toothed wheel to read by the side of the instrument, in which position
The

page_text: it is very difficult to read in narrow cuttings, where the head cannot be brought
very frequently to the reading side of the instrument. In this invention, by
the intervention of bevel wheels, or their equivalent, the reading is brought over
to the front of the instrument so that it can be read directly upon a second series
of revolution counter dials placed by the side of the first reading of the horizontal
limb already described. 3rdly. By means of two points or lines the distance of a
staff is read directly by its subtense. This has previously been done upon the
horizontal plane and the inclination has been calculated by trigonometry to give
the base. In the hodolite a rack is moved from the axis to a pinion connected
with the subtense points, where it actuates a screw to move the points so that
the true distance reading of the staff is given directly; or this may be done from
the front of the instrument by reading the inclination angle on the second set
of dials, adjusting the points or lines of the subtenses by means of a micrometer
screw to this reading and then taking the distance reading directly. When this
part is combined with theodolite for surface work the micrometer is adjusted
from the vernier reading, which is more exact, simply by the micrometer. The
object of this part of my invention being to provide means for adjusting the stadia
lines or points to compensate for the difference of hypotenuse and base and give
direct base readings. 4thly. In levelling the instrument a level is placed upon
the telescope in the direction of its inclination axis, in such a manner that the
telescope can pass between the horizontal and vertical reading dials. This level
is fixed in a tube with solid bess in the centre without any base plate. Three
pins are cast in the boss to project horizontally perpendicular to the axis of the
tube. The boss takes no more space than the width of the telescope. The centre
pin forms a rocking centre, the two other pins, by transverse screws form an
adjustment so that the level is easily brought to adjustment with its horizontal
axis by this means, without any base plate. The boss arrangement also permits
the casing tube to be cut away so that the glass bubble comes clearly in sight
sideways. The second level in the direction of the axis of the telescope is fixed
upon the horizontal limb. This has a reflector over it so that it can be seen
for adjustment by the base screws of the instrument from front view. These
separate parts may be combined singly or together in hodolites, theodolites,
mining dials, levels or other instruments.
Dated the Fourteenth day of Anril 1899
H. T. TALLACK,
Agent for Applicant, 10, Great Turnstile, London, W.C.
Пиргоѵешение m curveyри ишеную.
I, WILLIAM FORD STANLEY, of 4 and 5, Great Turnstile, Holborn, W.C., in the
County of London, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
The object of my invention is to provide an instrument by means of which
direct observation from the front of the instrument may be taken by sights
through a telescope of the angular direction and inclination to the horizon of
two or more objects or stations in relation to the vertical and horizontal axes of
the instrument by the plain reading of divisions and figures upon a combination
of dials or their equivalent similar to that of a revolution counter. The base
distance of the objects sighted is also given in the telescope by subtense points
or lines which read upon a stadia, placed at the stations, by means of rack and

page_text: pinion work or its equivalent from the horizontal axis or its dial wheel work or
by a micrometer adjusted from the inclination reading. The levelling of the
instrument is also arranged so that it may be done from its front. The instrument
to which this invention most particularly refers I term a "hodolite." The
special use of the hodolite will be to work effectively in coal or other mineral
seams where there is little headway or space to get round the instrument for
lateral reading, the whole construction being so arranged that the instrument
may be worked from its face. The instrument or its separate parts will be also
adapted to surface work and may be combined with a theodolite or other instru-
ment for this purpose. To carry out this invention I use the lower part of a
theodolite or mining dial, that is, the tripod stand, vertical axis, and lower
limb to bring the upper parts of the instrument to which this invention applies,
into level and bearing. Then as regards the upper parts (the speciality of the
hodolite) these may conveniently be divided into four divisions for description
of this invention reference being had to the accompanying drawings of which
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a complete hodolite. The lower part of which is
the same as an ordinary theodolite.
Fig: 2 is a plan of the train of wheels and revolution counters actuated by the
vertical axis; these are placed between the limb and its cover plate and is shown
with all coverings removed. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the train of wheels
and revolution counters actuated by the horizontal axis. Fig. 4 is a plan of the
cross bubble showing method of attachment and adjustment and Fig. 5 is an
elevation of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of one method of actuating the
compensating stadia or subtense diaphragm and Fig. 7 an elevation of same.
Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the micrometer method of adjusting the compen-
sating diaphragm. Taking the theodolite to indicate the principle of construc-
tion of the hodolite as regards the axes of motion in horizontal and vertical direc-
tion of the axis of the telescope, then first as regards the horizontal motion. In
the theodolite the upper member of the limb moves a vernier over a divided
circle upon which degrees and minutes are read on opposite parts of the limb.
In this invention a cogged wheel A Fig. 2 is placed upon the axis of the limb
which is geared into other wheels and pinions B C D E and F so that the
reading indicated by the vernier in the ordinary way is shown upon a series of
dials GH and I these dials are divided and figured upon their edges which are
made wide enough for the purpose and the reading figures and divisions only.
show through windows in the casing of the dials, they show the same direction
in degrees and minutes by means of the train of wheels which actuate the dials
similar to a revolution counter. The dials are so arranged that the edges stand
vertically in front of the instrument or approximately so and may be arranged
horizontally in line or one over the other or the last wheels of the driving train
may be bevelled and the dials arranged to read on their faces instead of upon their
edges. They may form the only reading of degrees and minutes or be supple-
mentary to the more exact vernier reading.
Secondly Vertical movement of the telescope: This has been indicated pre-
viously by an index hand geared to the horizontal axis by a toothed wheel to read
by the side of the instrument, in which position it is very difficult to read in
narrow cuttings, where the head very frequently. cannot be brought to the
reading side of the instrument. In this invention by the intervention of wheels J
and L Fig. 3 and pinions K and M or their equivalent the reading is brought
over to the front of the instrument so that it can be read directly upon a second
series of revolution counter dials N and placed by the side of the first reading
of the horizontal limb already described.
Thirdly By means of two points or lines the distance of a staff is read directly
by its subtense. This has previously been done upon the horizontal plane and
the inclination readings have had to be calculated by trigonometry to give the
base. In the hodolite a rack or eccentric P Fig. 6 is moved from the axis Q to
a pinion or eccentric band and rod R connected with the subtense points S

page_text: Fig. 7 where it actuates a screw or connecting rods T to move the points so
that the true distance reading of the staff is given directly; or this may be done
from the front of the instrument by reading the inclination angle on the second
set of dials, adjusting the points or lines of the subtenses by means of a
micrometer screw U Fig. 8 to this reading and then taking the distance reading
directly. When this part is combined with a theodolite for surface work the
micrometer is adjusted from the vernier reading, which is more exact, simply
by the micrometer. The object of this part of my invention being to provide
means for adjusting the stadia lines or points to compensate for the difference of
hypotenuse and base and give direct base readings.
Fourthly In leyelling the instrument a level is placed upon the telescope in
the direction of its inclination axis, in such a manner that the telescope can pass
in transit between the uprights that support it. This level V Fig's. 4 and 5 is
fixed in a tube W with solid boss in the centre without any base plate. Three
pins X and Y Y are cast in the boss to project horizontally perpendicular to the
axis of the tube. The boss takes no more space than the width of the telescope.
The centre pin X forms a rocking centre, the two other pins Y Y by transverse
screws Z Z form an adjustment so that the level is easily brought to adjustment
with its horizontal axis by this means without any base plate. The boss arrange-
ment also permits the casing tube to be cut away so that the glass bubble comes
clearly in sight sideways. The second level in the direction of the axis of the
telescope is fixed upon the horizontal limb. This has a reflector over it so that
it can be seen for adjustment by the base screws of the instrument from front
view.
These separate parts may be combined singly or together in hodolites, theodo-
lites, mining dials,. levels or other instruments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is―
1. The use in combination with surveying instruments of a train of wheels
actuated by the movements of the vertical or horizontal axes of the instrument
which in turn actuate a series of revolution counter dials which indicate the
horizontal or vertical angle through which such movement has caused the tele-
scope to traverse in degrees and minutes or parts thereof.
2. The use in combination with stadia or subtense reading telescopes of a
diaphragm fitted with compensating points or lines giving direct base reading
allowing for difference of hypotenuse and base when inclination readings are
taken actuated by rack work, eccentric or equivalent gear in connection with
the horizontal axis of the telescope or by a separate micrometer screw adjust-
ment or its equivalent.
3. The use in combination with surveying instruments of a bubble fitted with
boss, rocking centre pin X and adjusting pins Y Y the latter being adjusted
by transverse screws.
4. The use in combination with surveying instruments of the improvements
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of January 1900.
H. T. TALLACK,
Agent for Applicant, 10, Great Turnstile, Holborn, London, W.C.