CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FUSES, CARTRIDGES, AND OTHER LIKE EXPLO- SIVE INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HENRY CARBINES, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, Brazier, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,
by Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Carbines, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that J,
the said Henry Carbines, my exors, admors, and assigns, orsuch others
as I, the said Henry Carbines, my exors, admňors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her said
Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Eng.
land, Her Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed,
the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in
all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FUSES, CARTRIDGES, AND OTHER LIKE EXPLO-
SIVE INSTRUMENTS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
ΓΡ

page_text: proviso, that I, the said Henry Carbines, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said Henry Carbines, hereby.declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
My said Invention, so far as it relates to improvements in fuses, has
reference, firstly, to that description of fuses used by miners for
igniting gunpowder when employed in blasting rocks or blowing up
large masses of earth or ore; and, secondly, to military fuses for firing
111 1
proviso, that I, the said Henry Carbines, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said Henry Carbines, hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereuntoannexed, that is to say:
My said Invention, so far as it relates to improvements in fuses, has
reference, firstly, to that description of fuses used by miners for
igniting gunpowder when employed in blasting rocks or blowing up
large masses of earth or ore; and, secondly, to military fuses for firing
cannon, shells, and other explosive instruments.
MINERS' FUSES.
The fuse hitherto most approved of and in most general use among
miners is that known by the name of "Bickfords Miners Safety Fuse,"
for which Letters Patent were granted to William Bickford, of date
the Sixth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
one, and which is made as follows:-Eight, ten, or more strands of
hemp (or other fibrous material) are drawn through as many holes
surrounding the mouth of a funnel, from which a thin stream of gun-
powder is issuing, and twisted round in one direction after the manner
of single twine spinning, so as to form a cord with a thread or streak of
gunpowder in the centr.. The cord so formed is then made fast by.
countering," as it is called, that is, by twining a second cord of hemp
(or other fibrous material) round the first at right angles to it, in the
same way as wire is commonly covered with thread. The double cord
is then coated with a mixture of tar and resin to protect it from wet, and
finally done over with ground chalk or whiting to make it more fit for
handling. The defects of this fuse are, first, that the tarred and
65

page_text: rosined twine takes fire on the explosion of the fuse and continue
burning for some time after, producing a thick smothery vapour, ex-
tremely oppressive to the miner, especially in confined places; secondly,
thatitis liable to be cut through in the process of tamping, and thus to
cause a premature explosion of the mine charge; and, third, that the
fuse sometimes fails to act in consequence of an interruption to the
continuity of the interior thread of gunpowder arising through accident
in the course of manufacture, and which as the manufacture is now
conducted it is impossible to detect before-hand. The mode of manu-
facturing this fuse is further objectionable on account of the number of
separate processes through which it has to pass, and the consequent
increase in the cost. Now the nature of my improvements in this
branch of my Invention consists in making the fuses of metal instead
of fibrous materials, or partly of metal and partly of fibrous materials,
or wholely of fibrous materials, rendered by previous chemical pre-
paration uninflammable and waterproofed by other and better materials
than tar and rosin, and also in a different and better manner; and
further, in the shortening and simplifying, and thereby cheapening, the
process of manufacturing such fuses when composed of fibrous materials.
(as at present) or of fibrous and metallic materials combined. Each of
these improvements I shall now proceed to describe.
MINERS' FUSES WHOLELY OF METAL.
I take a piece of leaden pipe of any convenient length and diameter,
close it at one end, and fill it with gunpowder, after which I stop up
the other end. I then pass the pipe so closed at both ends through a
series of fluted or grooved rollers, such as are commonly employed in
the manufacture of iron tubes, that is to say, through a series of circular
orifices formed by the flutes or grooves of such rollers, and each of
smaller size than the one immediately preceding, till the piece of pipe
with its contents has been lengthened out to any desired extent. Sup-
pose, for example, I make use of a pipe of half an inch in diameter, it
may be conveniently drawn or rolled out till it is of three sixteenths of
an inch more or less in diameter. The gunpowder inside acts as a
mandril on which to draw the lead, while the lead being pressed by the.

page_text: rollers equally on all sides against the gunpowder keeps crushing and
compressing it more and more, and thereby rendering it the fitter for
the purpose to which it is to be applied, inasmuch as the more the
gunpowder is compressed the less rapidly (though not less) surely it
explodes. It will be obvious too that by this process no interruption to
the continuity of the gunpowder can possibly take place, but that it must
of necessity be rolled out into one continuous length of equal volume and
force throughout. When any given length of tube has been thus com-
pleted it is formed into a coil, in the same way as the Bickford twine
fuse, from which pieces are cut off for use as wanted. I sometimes
enclose leaden fuses, made in the manner just described, in thin sheet
iron, or tin plate, or zinc, or some other hard metal, in order the better
to protect them from injury in the process of tamping. I effect this in
the following manner:-I take a strip of the iron or other hard metal
employed a little more than equal in breadth to the circumference of the
leaden tube, but bent in the direction of its length into a semi-circular
form, and lay the leaden tube within it. I then pass the two through
a pair of fluted or grooved rollers, having circular orifices of suitable
dimensions, by means of which the two edges of the iron or other hard
metal are brought together and the leaden tube tightly enclosed within
it. Leaden fuses, however, can only be conveniently so sheathed when
they are of the length required for use, say two or three feet, and I
recommend that the sheathing should not extend farther than the
three-fourths of their lengths downwards, so that the end which is
brought into immediate contact with the gunpowder shall be of lead
only.
To facilitate the firing with safety of fuses of either of the sorts
which have been described, I attach to them slow matches formed of
cotton covered with any of the slow burning compositions commonly
used in pyrotechnics, and I propose that boxes of such matches should
be supplied to the miner along with each coil of fuse or assortment of
fuses.
Both of the sorts of fuse which have been just described j
possess this
great advantage, that the tube in which the gunpowder is enclosed is
entire, and is therefore impermeable to air and water, but fuses may

page_text: also be formed of thin sheet metal tubes with longitudinal joinings, in
manner following:-Let a strip or skelp of the metal of a width equal
to the circumference of the intended tube have a semicircular form
given to it in the direction of its lengths by passing it through a suitably
grooved pair of rollers. Let it then be passed through a second pair of
rollers with a circular orifice of the size of the intended tube, and having
fixed immediately over the mouth of it a funnel with a small orifice
from which a stream of gunpowder is issuing, so that as the half formed
tube enters between the rollers it will be filled with gunpowder, over
which the two edges of the tube will be closed before it emerges on the
other side. To prevent this tube from afterwards opening at the part
where the two edges join it may be enclosed in a second tube of the
same or any other sort of metal, and by operating with rollers in the
same way as before, taking care that the solid part of the outer tube
shall overlay the jointed part of the one beneath..
MINERS' FUSES, PARTLY OF METAL AND PARTLY OF FIBROUS MATERIALS.
I take a tube filled and rolled out in the manner before described,
and wind round it a strip of strong linen or cotton cloth or woollen
list made waterproof by means of a solution of gutta percha or caout-
chouc, thickened with white lead or any other suitable waterproof
composition, preferring, however, the gutta percha and white lead,
because it hardens more than the others on exposure to the air. Or I
make the inner body of the fuse of twine, as the Bickford fuse is now
made, but render it uninflammable by previously soaking it in the
composition known by the name of "Hodgson's Chemical Concentrated'
Fire Preventive," or any other similar solution, more or less diluted,
and counter this inner body with metallic wire, which I coat over with
a solution of caoutchouc or gutta percha, thickened as aforesaid with
white lead or with any other suitable waterproof composition. And in
making this fuse of hempen yarn and metallic wire, I adopt the
improved mode of manufacture described under the next head of this
Specification.

page_text: MINERS FUSES WHOLELY OF FIBROUS MATERIALS.
I make fuses of the same materials as the Bickford fuse, that is, both
the inner body and the countering of twine, but I previously render the
twine uninflammable by the means before described, and waterproof
the fuses by one or other of the compositions also before mentioned. I
further manufacture these fuses in the improved manner next herein-
after described. Figure 1, is an external side elevation of a machine
which I employ for this purpose. Figure 2, a sectional view of the
principal part or body of the machine. Figure 3, a view on an enlarged
scale of the principal working parts; and Figure 4, is a cross section on
the line a, b, of Figure 3. A¹, and A2, are two reels or frames, the one
within the other, of the form of inverted cones, each consisting of a
number of barsa', a², placed at equal intervals apart which radiate from
a hollow boss or block b1, b2, and are united at top by a ring c², c², and
cross pieces d', d2, as shewn in the separate top plan, Figure 5. The
outer reel A³, rests and turns freely at bottom in a hollow pivot E,
which is screwed to the under side of the block 62, and stepped in a
bracket G, which projects from a wall or any other suitable support.
The inner reel A', turns in like manner at bottom on a hollow pivot F,
which is screwed to the under side of its own boss (61), and stepped in
the top of the other boss (2), which forms the bottom of the outer
reel A. In both of the bosses b', 62, there are holes which correspond
with the orifices of their respective pivots. H, is a hollow spindle on
which the two reels revolve at top. It is passed through the beam I,
overhead, in which it is held fast by the flange e, then through two
pulleys M, and N, and next through the top cross pieces d', d³,
immediately below the last of which it terminates. The two reels thus
revolve freely round one common centre which would be defined by a
line drawn through the centres of the top spindle or axis H, and the
bottom pivots E, and F. The pulley N, has a brass bush, by which it
is made fast to the top of the cross piece d', of the reel A2, and is the
medium through which motion is given to that reel when acted upon
in manner to be presently explained. The other pulley M, is intended
to give motion to the reel A¹, independently of the other, and this is

page_text: effected by making it fast to the spindle H, which, passing freely
through the bush of the pulley N, and the cross piece of the outer
reel A3, fits with sufficient tightness into a brass bushf, in the centre of
the top cross piece d', of the reel A', to cause that reel to rotate when
it has itself a rotary movement given to it. K², L³, are bands by
which motion is given to the pulleys M, & N, with the help of other
pulleys K³, K3,L3L³, attached to the overhead beam I, from an upright
shaft N', which again derives its motion from an horizontal shaft O,
through two bevil wheels P, P, which shaft is turned by hand power
applied to a crank handle R, (or may be turned by any other suitable
power). The band K2, is crossed, so that though the shaft O, is turned
round in only in one direction, the two reels A1, A2, are made to revolve
in directions opposite to each other. The inner of these reels A¹, is
employed to form the inner twist of the fuse, and the outer A³, to
form the countering, each being mounted for the purpose in manner
next to be described. U, U, are a set of bobbins, eight, ten, or more
in number, which are suspended in brackets attached to the inside of
the top ring of the inner reel A', and carry as many balls of twine
previously rendered uninflammable by the means aforesaid. The axis
of each bobbin rests loosely in clefts in the supporting brackets, so
that it may be lifted out to pass the ball of yarn upon it, and as often
again as a new ball is required to be put on. The ends of the different
balls of twine are passed through the eyes V, V, and thence through
a circle of holes g,g, g, in the top of a concentrating funnel W, down
the sides of which they are conducted by a series of grooves indicated
by the dotted lines a, a, in Figure 4, to the mouth of the funnel,
where the whole of the strands are brought close together, but still
in an untwisted state. X, is a hopper with a wide mouth, from which
the funnel W, is kept constantly filled with gunpowder, so that as the
strands pass out through the lower and smaller end of the funnel, they
draw along with and in the centre of them a thin streak or thread of
gunpowder. On emerging from the funnel the cluster of strands with
the streak of gunpowder in the centre is immediately twisted by the
rotary action of the reel A', into a cord which, as soon as formed,
passes into a box Y, where it is waterproofed by means of a solution of

page_text: caoutchoucor gutta percha, thickened with white lead supplied from a
reservoir through a pipe P, which is carried down through the hollow
spindle H,and through the interior of the reel A¹,asshewn in Figure 2.
To keep this solution always in fluid state, the pipe P, and box Y,
are enclosed in an outer pipe p, and outer box Y2, which are filled with
steam from a boiler; and to prevent any superfluous quantity of the
solution from adhering to the cord, it is next passed through a hole in
the bottom of the box Y, of the exact size of the cord, so that any
superfluous solution is removed as it passes through. As the pipes P,
and p, must necessarily revolve with the reel A', they are made to do so
by means of universal joints placed at the points k, and l. The steam,
as it condenses, passes off from the box Y, to an annular chamber Y³,
whence it escapes into another annular chamber Y4, placed on the
bracket G, from which it is conveyed by the pipe Y5, to the external
atmosphere. The inner twist or cord which has been thus formed filled
with gunpowder and waterproofed, is then passed down through the
bottom pivots E, and F, and while passing through F, it is countered
by means of the outer reel A2, in manner following:-Z, Z, are a second
set of twine bobbins, which work in brackets fixed on the outside of
the top ring of the outer recl A2, in the same way as the others. The
strands from these bobbins are carried through a circle of holes in the
hollow pivot F, where, by the rotation of the reel A2 they are twisted
round the single cord previously formed but in an opposite direction,
and cemented thereto by the waterproof coating, which is still in this
stage of the mauufacture in a warm or sticky state. The rope of fuse
is then in a finished state, and as it emerges from the hollow pivot F, it
is drawn off round the pullies m, and n, (the latter of which is
roughened on the surface to facilitate the operation), whence it is drawn
round upon the receiving wheel p', which is driven by a slack beltt, from
a pulleys, on the end of the horizontal shaft O. The waterproofcoating
introduced between the inner twist and the countering will generally be
found sufficient to exclude wet and damp, but should still greater
security be desired therope of fuse may have another coating of a thin
solution of caoutchouc or gutta percha given to it.
The advantages of the improved mode of manufacture just described

page_text: are, first, that by the mere turning of the crank handle R, or one
application of manual or other power, the whole machinery is put in
notion, that the various processes are performed in such quick succession
that not an instant of time is lost, and that a rope of fuse is at once
produced in a finished state, requiring only to be cut up into short
lengths for use; secondly, that by supplying the gunpowder as before
described, that is, by passing it from a hopper with a large mouth into
a funnel with a narrow mouth, from which last it is drawn out by the
friction of the strands of the twine (instead of supplying it directly from
a funnel by the mere force of gravity alone), there is always a certainty
that there will be the streak or thread of gunpowder required in the
centre of the fuse; and, third, that the waterproofing being introduced
between the inner twist and the outer countering serves at the same
time to cement the two courses of twine together, and thereby to render
the fuse firmer and stronger.
MILITARY FUSES.
The fuses now commonly used for the firing of cannon, shells, &c.
are made of quill or brass, and filled by tamping in the gunpowder or
port-fire composition, a process which occupies a great deal of time.
My improvements in this branch of my Invention consists in making
them of lead elongated by rolling, in nearly the same manner as before
described. I take a small piece of leaden pipe, say, of two inches
long, and half an inch in diameter, pass a wire a little longer than the
intended fuse through it, and keeping this wire in the centre close up
one end of the pipe. I then fill the pipe with gunpowder and close the
other end, after which I roll out the pipe until it is about three six-
teenths of an inch in diameter by passing it through rollers in the
manner before described, then withdraw the wire, and finish off the fuse
for use in the usual manner.
My improvements in cartridges, which I shall proceed next to
describe, reiate, first, to minecartridges; and, secondly, to military and
sporting cartridges,
.

page_text: MINE CARTRIDGES.
I make large cartridges, such as are used for mining purposes, with
cases wholly of metal in manner following:-I take tubes of thin or
other soft metal having one end closed or entire, such as are known by
the name of "Rand's Collapsable Tubes," (but without the cap) for the
manufacture of which tubes Letters Patent were granted to John
Rand, of date the Twentieth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-three, and nearly fill these tubes with gunpowder, after which
I draw together the open end and tie it with string. When about to
be used the string is untiedaud the mouth of the tube spread open with
the finger and thumb.
it
I also make such cartridges of strong paper previously rendered
uninflammable by soaking it in "Hodgson's Chemical Concentrated
Fire Preventive" or any other similar solution. I take a length of such
paper of a width as much greater than the circumference of the
intended cartridge as is necessary to allow for overlapping, pass
through a pair of grooved rollers having a circular orifice of the size of
the cartridge (usinga mandril to prevent the paper from collapsing), and
just before it is introduced between the rollers brush over the edge
which is to be overlapped with cheese glue, ora solution of caoutchouc
or gutta percha, or any other strong cement. After coming from the
rollers this length: of pipe is cut into sizes suitable for cartridges which,
after being filled with powder, are tied at their ends with string. Or, 1
manufacture such pipes or cases as follows:-I take a long web of
paper as wide as the cartridges are intended to be long, coat the under
side of it with a solution of caoutchouc or gutta percha, or of glue and
alum, or any other equally good waterproof cement, and while the
coating is yet warm roll up the paper by hand on a wooden roller of
the diameter of the cartridge laid across the length of the web on the
upper or uncoated side so that as the rolling proceeds the coated side
may come uppermost. At every second turn of the roller I cut off the
piece which has been then rolled up and cemented together, which will
be found sufficient for a single cartridge, tie it up at one end with
string, aud dip that end into the composition which has been employed

page_text: to cement the paper together when the case is so far complete. Instead
of making such cartridges of paper alone they may be made of paper
and cloth(cotton orlinen) cemented together by asolutionofcaoutchouc
or gutta percba, or of cloth alone. Cartridge cases of any of the sorts
described under this head may be supplied empty, and theminer left to
fill them for himself as wanted.
MILITARY AND SPORTING CARTRIDGES.
To render the paper cartridges of this class waterproof by means of
some composition which will not impart toughness to the paper, nor by
melting have a tendency to foul the gun, I crat the paper both inside
and outside, or on the inside only, with a solution, of gutta percha or
gum elemi thickened with very finely ground cork, or French chalk,or
white lead. The paper is then cut up into pieces and made
up by hand
in the usual way. Each cartridge, when finished, is dipped at the ends
into the same sort of composition which has been used for the water-
proofing.
The other explosive instrumentsto which my Inventionhas reference
remain now to be noticed. When in mining, charges of gunpowder
are poured loosely into the holes excavated for the purpose, I make use
of two instruments, one to hold the powder from which the supply is
taken, and the other to measure it off and introduce it. The powder
holder is represented in Figures 6, and 7, of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, Figure 6, being an elevation, and Figure 7, a top plan. A,
is a metal case or canister. B, is the cap which consists at top of two
plates a, and b, the one placed over the other. The part a, has a
circalar hole in it, the other b, has also an opening in it, but of an
elongated oval form. C, is a lid which slides between the two plates
a, b, to the extent allowed by the oval opening in b. c, is a circular
mouthpiece attached to C, and open at top and bottom, and d, a
moveable cover to c. When it is desired to take a supply of powder
from the canister, the mouthpiece c, of the lid is brought to coincide
with the circular hole in the under plate b, as represented in Figure 7,
and the cover d, removed. As soon as the supply has been obtained,
the cover d, is returned to its place, and the lid C,drawn back to the
right hand head of the oval orifice in the plate a.. The charger or

page_text: nstrument for introducing the powder into the hole is represented in
section, in Figure 8. D, is a metal tube closed at the near end, but
open at its outerextremity, which contains within it four (or any other
convenient number of) concentric tubes, which slide one within the
other and are united to one another by flanges after the manner of a
telescope. E, is a square piston which passes through the near and
closed end of the tube,and is attached to the inner end of the smallest
of the sliding tubes, and acts thereby on the whole series. The rod of
this piston is graduated to correspondwiththelengthsof thesliding tubes
so as at once to indicate by its position the amount of space left open
in the tube for the reception of powder. Thus,if the piston is pushed
home as far as it will go, then the smallest of the sliding tubes will be
pushed forward to the mouth of the charger, and no more powder can
be admitted than will just fill that tube. If it is drawn back to the
extent of the second tube, the space for the reception of powder will
be enlarged to that extent, and so on. F, is a binding screw which
works through a bracket raised on the top of a tube, and which by
pressing against the piston keeps it fixed at any given position. In
filling the charger it is of course turned with the open end uppermost
and the gunpowder poured into it from the powder holder, Figures 6,
and 7.
Rockets andother fireworks formed of explosivecompounds enclosed
in cylindrical cases of paper I propose to manufacture in thesame way
as the metal fuses first before described, that is to say, by enclosing the
explosive compound in a piece of lead, or other soft metal tube, and
afterwards elongating the tube with the compound withinit by pressing
it through fluted or grooved rollers in manner aforesaid.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim
is, First, the making of miners' fuses with entire cases of lead; or other
soft metal having no joinings, and the manufacture of such fuses by
rolling as before described. Second, the making of miners' fuses, such
as first herein claimed, with the addition of a sheathing of iron, zink, or
any other metal as before described. Third, the making of miners' fuses
with cases of metal having longitudinal joinings, and the manufacture
of the same by rolling, as before described. Fourth, the making of

page_text: miners' fuses, such as first herein, claimed, with the addition of a
sheathing of waterproof cloth as before described. Fifth, the making
of miners' fuses with an iuner case of twine previously rendered.
uninflammable, and countered with metallic wire coated with some
waterproof composition as before described. Sixth, the making of
miners' fuses with an inner body, and countering both of twine pre-
viously rendered uninflammable and waterproofed by the means and in
manner before described. Seventh, the improved machinery before
described for the manufacture of twine fuses, or fuses partly of twineand
partly of metallic wire, that is to say, so much thereof as relates to the
better supply of the gunpowder to the centre of the twine; as before
explained, the introduction of the waterproof cement between the inner
twist and theoutercountering, and the makingoftheinner twistandouter
countering byone combination of machinery, and disclaiming hereby the
entwining of a thread or streak of gunpowder in the centre of a number
of strands of hemp(or other fibrous material)countered by other strands
as being included in the Patent granted to William Bickford,and before
recited. Eighth, the making of military fuses with entire cases of lead
or other soft metal, having no joinings,and the manufacture of the same
by rolling as before described. Ninth, the making of mine cartridges
of tin or other soft metal tubes, having one end closed or entire, or of
uninflammable paper or of paper and cloth, or of cloth alone as before
described. Tenth, the powder holder and mine charger, both before
described. Eleventh, the making of military and sporting cartridges
waterproof by the means before described. Twelfth, the making of
rockets and other fireworks with cases of the same material, and
manufactured in the same way as the metal fuses first herein-before
claimed. And, thirteenth, the application of caoutchouc, gutta percha,
and gum clemi, whether thickened or not thickened with white lead,
or French chalk, or ground cork, to the cementing and waterproofing
of fuses, cartridges, and other like explosive instruments.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Carbines, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of
April, in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Henry Carbines
came before our said Lady the Queen, in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written.
fication aforesaid was stamped according to the
made for that purpose.
And also the Speci-
tenor of the Statute
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.