CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Todd, of Heywood, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR
PERFORMING THE SAME."
Sealed the 20th November 1857, and dated the 21st May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Todd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1857.
I, WILLIAM TODD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
FOR PERFORMING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to the wetting or saturating of yarn (and principally
to yarn spun or wound in "caps") prior to weaving. My improvements
consist in saturating or wetting the "cops" or yarn before doubling or weaving
by means of the application of hydraulic pressure. I place the "cops" or yarn
to be saturated in a cistern filled with water or sizeing liquor; the top of the
cistern is supplied with a lid or cover, screwed down or otherwise fastened,.
making an air-tight joint; also in connexion with the said cistern is a pipe
(supplied with a tap) connected to a boiler below the water line; or, the said
pipe can be connected with any pressure of water convenient, so that when the
cistern holding the sizeing liquor and cops or yarn is made air-tight, the tap in

page_text: the connecting pipe is turned on or opened, thereby causing the pressure of
water in the pipe to force the water or sizeing liquor in the cistern through
the cops or yarn, consequently thoroughly saturating the cops by means of
such extra hydraulic pressure. In the cover of the cistern I place a small
tap, so that when the lid is screwed down, by opening this tap for a short time
any air still remaining in the cistern will be forced out; also when the cops
or yarn are saturated and ready to be removed from the cistern, the tap in the
connecting pipe to the boiler or other pressure of water is turned off, and the
small tap in the lid or cover is opened, so that the extra pressure of liquid in
the cistern can be drawn off before the removal of the "cops" or yarn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Todd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
TODD, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Todd, Her especial license that I, the said William Todd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Todd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING THE
SAME," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said William Todd,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said.William Todd, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what. manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
.
My Invention applies to the wetting or saturating of yarn (and principally
to yarn spun or wound in "cops") prior to weaving. The improvements
consist in saturating or wetting the "cops" or yarn before doubling or weaving
by means of the application of hydraulic pressure. I place the "cops" or
yarn to be saturated in a cistern filled with water,, sizeing, or dyeing liquor;
the top of this cistern is supplied with a lid or cover, screwed down or other-
wise fastened thereupon, making an air-tight joint; also in connection with
the said cistern is a pipe (supplied with a tap) connected to a boiler below the
water line; or, the said pipe may be connected with any pressure of water
convenient, so that when the cistern holding the liquid and "cops" or yarn is
made air-tight, the tap in the connection pipe is to. be turned on or opened, so
as to cause the pressure of water in the pipe to force the water, sizeing or
dyeing liquor in the cistern through the " cops" or yarn, consequently
thoroughly saturating them. by means of such extra hydraulic pressure. In
the cover of the cistern I place a small tap, so that when the said cover is
screwed down, by opening this tap for a short time any air still remaining in
the cistern will be forced out; also when the "cops' or yarn are saturated
and ready to be removed from the cistern, the tap in the pipe, in connection.
with the boiler or other hydraulic pressure, is turned off or shut, and the
small tap in the lid or cover is opened, so that the extra pressure of.liquid in
the cistern can be drawn off before the removal of the "cops" or yarn.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of the same,
made upon a scale of about an inch and a half to a foot.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the apparatus, shewing the chamber for con-
taining the "cops," &c. in section,; and the method of connecting the same to
a boiler; Fig. 2 represents a side view of an arrangement of apparatus also
for effecting a thorough saturation by hydraulic pressure; and Fig. 3 is a side
view, shewn full size, of a perforated tube employed in such apparatus.
In Fig. 1, a, a, is the framing of the apparatus, and 6 the cistern or
chamber for containing the cops or yarn, and the liquid with which they are
to be saturated; c is the lid or cover of the said chamber, which is raised or
lowered by means of the screw and wheel d; e is the boiler, which is connected
to the chamber by means of the pipe f, the pressure of the water in the boiler
being supplied to or removed from the chamber by the tap g; and the tap h
in the cover c allows of the escape of air, and also of the partial discharge of
the liquid when it is necessary to remove the cover to take out the "cops,"

page_text: '
&c. It will be evident that the pressure of the water in the boiler, being
exerted upon the liquor contained in the cistern, will cause it thoroughly to
impregnate or saturate the "cops" or yarn which may be placed therein. In
Fig. 2 the pressure of the water in the boiler is connected with the chamber b
by the pipe f; but in this arrangement of apparatus (for the application of
hydraulic power), each "cop" is placed upon a perforated pipe i, which are
fitted into the top of the chamber, as shewn in Fig. 3, so that, when the pres-
sure of the water is admitted to the chamber, the liquid therein becomes forced
up the tubes or pipes i, i, i, and through the perforations into the cops, by
which means they become thoroughly saturated with the liquid; or, if pre-
ferred, the action may be reversed, and the saturation be effected by exhausting
the air from the tube; and in instances where the tube is employed to saturate
the
cops. with dyeing liquor, the process of drying the cops. may be effected
by forcing heated air through the perforations of the tube.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the
method of performing the same, I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim
the application of hydraulic pressure or power for saturating "cops" or yarns
with any liquid desired, either by the novel employment and use of the
perforated tube upon which the cops are to be placed, or by means of the
apparatus herein-before described; set forth, and fully exhibited in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Todd; have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.