An improvement in Tilling Land and Machinery therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1887
Complete Left, 24th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 28th June, 1888
An improvement in Tilling Land and Machinery therefor.
I, ALBERT ENGLAND, of Maldon, in the county of Essex, Agricultural Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improvement in tilling land by steam power, and
machinery for that purpose, and the invention consists in so arranging a number of
ploughs that half the said number of ploughs shall throw the soil up in an opposite
direction to that to which the soil is thrown up by the other ploughs, all the said
ploughs working at the same time but not parallel with each other; the ploughs which
are each provided with a share can be lowered into and raised out of work and adjusted
to the depth required by suitable means such as by means of lifting screws which work
through a bracket on the framework of the carriage of the implement. The distance
apart at which the ploughs are to work is regulated by mounting the framework on
which the ploughs are secured on a sliding arm adapted to be moved in a bracket or
guide on the carriage by means of long screw-threaded shafts which can be locked (to
prevent the screwing arrangement being tampered with) by a screw bolt which
passes through the back of the said bracket which also supports the screw-threaded
shaft.
The steering chain of the front or caster wheel of the implement runs over two
pulleys placed on spindles in such a manner as not to interfere with the action of the
two-draught lever chains as, on the implement arriving at the end of its course, what
was the slack rope then becomes the draught rope; a cranked lever mounted on a
spindle (which lever is triangular shaped at the end) is caused to act on two chains
whereby the ploughs can be lifted out of work.
The rear end of the implement is provided with legs or struts which can be lowered
to the ground before the ploughs commence to work so as to prevent the points of the
shares from becoming broken by too abruptly entering the ground.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: An Improvement in Tilling Land and Machinery therefor.
I, ALBERT ENGLAND, of Maldon, in the County of Essex, Agricultural Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to an improvement in tilling land by power and to machinery
for that purpose; and the invention consists in so arranging a number of plough-bodies
that half the said number shall throw up or turn over the soil in an opposite direction
to that to which the soil is thrown up by the other bodies, all the said plough-bodies
working at the same time but not side by side or parallel with one another. The plough-
bodies, which are each provided with a share, can be lowered into and raised out of
work and adjusted to the depth required by suitable means, such as by means of screws
which work through brackets on the framework of the carriage of the implement.
The distance apart at which the sets of plough-bodies are to work, or the width of the
ground to be operated upon, is regulated by mounting the framework on which each
set of plough-bodies is secured on a sliding arm adapted to be moved in a bracket or
guide on the frame or carriage by means of a long screw-threaded shaft, which can be
locked (to prevent the screwing arrangement being tampered with) by a screw bolt,
passing through the back of the said bracket, which also supports the screw-threaded
shaft.
The steering chain of the front or caster wheel of the implement runs over two
guide-pulleys (or their equivalents) placed on spindles in such a manner as not to
interfere with the action of the two chains attached to the draught lever, as hereinafter
described.
When the implement arrives at the end of its course in one direction what was the
slack rope, becomes the draught or hauling rope as is ordinary in steam cultivation;
a cranked lever acting as the draught lever is mounted on a spindle and is formed of
triangular shape at one end and caused to act by means of the draught rope on two
chains to which it is attached whereby the plough-bodies can he lifted out of work
when the implement arrives at the end of its course.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it
can be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing in which
Figures 1 and 2 are an elevation and a plan respectively of a machine for tilling land
constructed according to my invention.
Similar reference letters in both the figures indicate similar parts.
a is the main frame of the implement supported by the cranked axle b attached
to the travelling wheels c, c. d is the front or caster wheel actuated by means of the
hand-wheel e through the steering chain f. is the toothed quadrant attached to the

page_text: cranked axle for raising the implement from or lowering it to its work and is a lever
having a tooth for locking the quadrant g in position. A and B are the two draught
ropes operated by steam power. All the foregoing parts are generally in use in steam
cultivation and are therefore of known construction.
I will now describe my improvements.
i, are two frames pivotted by means of the arms j,j to the brackets or guides k, k
on the main frame or carriage a. The forward ends of the frames i and are made
in two parts as shown in Figure 2, the two parts being connected together by cross
bars, and working loosely in guides a', a'. Each of the frames i, ¹ carries a set
of four (or other number) plough bodies 1,, arranged, as shewn in Figure 2, so that
the soil is thrown up or turned over by one set of plough-bodies in an opposite
direction or towards that thrown up or turned over by the other set of plough-bodies.
As shewn in Figure 2 the plough-bodies of one set, instead of being arranged
parallel with those of the other set or side by side, are placed to the rear of one another,
the frames and to which they are fixed being arranged at an angle to the centre
line of the implement, so that the foremost plough-bodies are nearer the centre line of
the implement than those behind them.
m, m are the screws for allowing the sets of plough-bodies attached to the frames i, i
to be lowered into and raised out of work or adjusted; n, n are the brackets having
female screws through which the screws m, m work.
The said brackets n, n are attached to the main frame or carriage a.
o, o are the screw threaded shafts whereby the arins j, j are caused to slide longitu-
dinally in the brackets k, k for the purpose of altering the distance apart at which the
sets of plough-bodies are to work, or the width of ground to be operated upon.
The screw threaded shafts o, o work through female screw threaded extensions k, k¹
on the brackets k, k; p, p are the screw bolts passing through the backs of the
brackets k, k for locking the said screw-threaded shafts o, o to prevent them from being
tampered with.
Slots 3,3 are provided in the cross pieces
for the passage of the screws m., m to
allow of the necessary lateral movement of the frames i, when the distance apart of
the sets of plough bodies is adjusted as above described.
r, are the two guide pulleys over which runs the steering chain f, so as to
S attached to
prevent the said chain from interfering with the action of the chains
the draught lever t, the working position of which, when the implement is drawn in one
direction, is shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 2. 9, 9 are the spindles on which the
pulleys, work.
is the spindle of the lever t, and w is the triangular end of the lever, to which end
is attached the quadranty by means of the chains s, s which are fastened to two corners
of the said triangular end. By thus attaching the chains s, s at a distance apart
instead of at one point as heretofore, one or other of the said chains will be caused
(by the slack rope becoming the draught or hauling rope when the implement has
arrived at the end of a course) to operate the quadrant g so as to lift the frame a
and with it the sets of plough-bodies and out of work more quickly than
heretofore.
a is a brake-drum mounted on the cranked axle 6 and surrounded by a brake-
strap, attached to and operated by a foot lever a² so as to enable the main frame a
to be gradually lowered, thereby gradually lowering the plough-bodies into work
when the implement is turned round ready to start a fresh course, or when the
quadrant g is released from the lever h; y,y are guards to prevent the draught ropes A
and B from getting over or onto the machine.
By this construction of machine I am enabled to plough the full width of a "stetch'
at one operation, and by adding to or decreasing the number of plough-bodies used
on the machine I can plough any width of "stetch" required; and it will be obvious
that by arranging the sets of plough-bodies and so that they throw up or turn
over the soil from, instead of towards, one another I am enabled to plough the adjacent
halves of two adjacent "stetches." The implement can also be easily managed by a
man or a strong boy.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An implement for tilling land having two sets of plough-bodies adapted to
simultaneously act upon the land, one set of bodies turning the soil in one
direction and the other set in the opposite direction, substantially in the manner
described.
2. In machinery for tilling land, the arrangement of mechanism whereby the
plough-bodies can be adjusted to work at the required depth in the soil, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
3. In machinery for tilling land, the arrangement of mechanism whereby the sets
of plough-bodies are adjusted to work at the required distance apart, substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
4. In machinery for tilling land, the use of guide pulleys or their equivalents over
which the steering chain is conducted, for the purpose set forth and substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
5. Constructing the draught lover of machinery for tilling land so as to adapt
it to operate two chains attached to the lifting quadrant, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawing.
6. The improved machine for tilling land hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawing.