DESICCATION OF SUGAR, MOLASSES, GLUCOSE, MILK, BLOOD FISH PHOSPHATES, CHARCOAL EXCRETA, GRAINS, DISTILLERY WASTE MALT DAMAGED, TEA, Coffee, COCOA, COTTON SEED, LINSEED, OATS, RYE, HOPS, INDIAN CORN, BARLEY, WHEAT & SEED OF ALL KIND OFFAL, CARCASES, CONDEMNED MEAT AND ALL AND EVERY MATERIAL TO WHICH THIS PROCESS AND MACHINE ARE OR MAY BE APPLICABLE
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I WILLIAM ANDREW DYER Civil Engineer of 41 Gore Road South Hackney in
the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
THE DESICCATION OF SUGAR, MOLASSES, GLUCOSE, MILK, BLOOD FISH PHOSPHATES,
CHARCOAL EXCRETA, GRAINS, DISTILLERY WASTE MALT DAMAGED, TEA, Coffee,
COCOA, COTTON SEED, LINSEED, OATS, RYE, HOPS, INDIAN CORN, BARLEY, WHEAT
& SEED OF ALL KIND OFFAL, CARCASES, CONDEMNED MEAT AND ALL AND EVERY
MATERIAL TO WHICH THIS PROCESS AND MACHINE ARE OR MAY BE APPLICABLE to
be as follows:-
The Desiccator consists of three parts the two lower portions of which are
provided with jacketts for containing the the desiccating agent One part of the
receptacle is divided from the other by a Partition, Deck or False bottom--The
material is placed in the upper part of the receptacle through an opening provided
in the top of the pan, and after undergoing the process for a certain period is
nechanically discharged through an opening provided in the Partition Deck or
False bottom to the lower portion of the pan where the process is completed and is
finally mechanically discharged through an opening provided for that purpose in
the bottom of the pan into a shoot, and from thence into any convenient receptacle
which may be provided for that purpose.
Machinery is provided for the purpose of opening and closing the openings in
the, Top, the Partition and the Bottom of the Pan.
The Bottom part of the pan is provided with two exhaust pipes leading into the
upper part of the pan for the purpose of conveying away the vapours generated in
the lower part of the pan these are provided with valves for closing the openings
leading from these pipes to the bottom part of the pan.
In the upper part of the Pan is an inverted bell for the purpose of intercepting
any material which may boil or froth up from that part of the pan, this bell is cast
on the top of the pan, and returns the frothy matter which it has intercepted to
the pan.
An exhaust pipe of large size is provided and fixed in the centre of the top part
of the pan for conveying to the condenser all vapours generated in cither the top
or bottom part of the pan.
A condenser is provided for the purpose of condensing the vapours generated.

page_text: A pump is provided for creating a vacuum and for conveying the circulating
water away from the condenser.
A separate vacuum pump is or may be attached to the exhaust pipe &c for
creating a vacuum.
A vacuum is constantly kept up, during the process, in the pan.
A jacketted interceptor is for the purpose of condensing and arresting any matter
which may boil or froth over from the pan the matter arrested being returned to
the pan by any convenient pipe provided for that purpose.
The bottom of the pan may be made flat in form or semispherical in both cases it
is jacketted.
Means are provided which will hereafter be fully described for cooling down
immediately any material which has been operated on to any
desired temperature.
Stirrers are provided for keeping the material in motion spring scrapers are
rivetted on the stirrers for scraping the bottom and sides of the pan.
The pan is raised on columns for the purpose of enabling the machinery for
keeping the stirrers in motion to be placed under the pan whereby all the strain
and weight of the machinery & stirrers is transferred to a block fixed to the ground
for that purpose. A shoot is provided for the purpose of transferring the material
discharged from the pan to any convenient receptacle.
Valves are provided for conveying any liquid material to the Pan.
Safety valves of any approved form are fixed in any convenient position.
Air cocks are provided and fixed in any convenient position at right angles to
steam inlet.
A pressure guage is fixed in any convenient position,,
A steam trap is also provided for the admission of steam to the spaces for that
purpose.
Inlets are provided in a convenient position for the inlet of steam to the spaces..
A Blow off cock is fixed in any convenient position.
Cocks are provided for the admission of water or other material to the spaces for
that purpose.
A semicircular platform is also provided level with the underside of the pan to
enable the machinery for opening and closing the Top, Partition, or Bottom of the
Pan, the Valves &c to bo manipulated.
Dated this 31st day of July 1884.

page_text: I WILLIAM ANDREW DYER Civil Engineer of 41 Gore Road South Hackney
in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
THE DESICCATION OF ALL KIND OF MATERIALS, INCLUDING SUGAR, MOLASSES,
GLUCOSE, MILK, BLOOD, PHOSPHATES, CHARCOAL, FISH, EXCRETA, GRAINS,
DISTILLERY WASH, MALT, DAMAGED, TEA, COFFEE, COCOA, COTTON SEED, LINSEED,
OATS, RYE HOPS, INDIAN CORN, BARLEY, WHEAT, AND SEED OF ALL KIND, OFFAL,
CARCASES, CONDEMNED MEAT AND ALL AND EVERY MATERIAL TO WHICH THis
PROCESS & MACHINE ARE OR MAY BE APPLICABLE and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, and by reference to the accompanying Drawings in which
Figure 1. Drawing No 1. is an elevation, and Figure 2. Drawing No 1. is a plan,
of a Desiccating Machine constructed according to my Improvements; Figure 6.
Drawing No 2 is a section on Line 1. 1. of Figure 2. Drawing No 1; and Figure 7-
Drawing No 2 is a section on line 2. 2. Figure 2. Drawing No 1; and Figure 8.
Drawing No. 2. is a section through the opening in the bottom of tho Pan, on
line 3. 3 Figure 2. Drawing No 1-Figure 9. Drawing No 2 is a cross section of
the opening in the bottom of the Pan-and Figures 3-4 and 5 Drawing No 1, and
Figures 10-11-12 and 13. Drawing No 2 are Details.
The Desiccating Machine is a receptacle or Pan composed of three parts A. B & C.
as clearly shewn at Figures 1. 6. and 7. and is divided by a partition deck or False
bottom The lower portion of the Pan C. is jacketted together with one third B.
of the upper portion of the Pan for the purposo of containing the Desiccating.
Agent.
The jackets are cast on and connected. with the inside of the Pan as shewn at
Figures 6 and 7.
The spaces for containing the Desiccating Agent are shewn at E. Figures 6
and 7.
The bottom of the Pan may be connected as shewn in Figures 6 and 7 or may
be made hemispherical in both cases it is jacketted.
I prefer to construct the bottom of the Pan as shewn with a cover F. having
radiating strengthening feathers or ribs as shewn at M. Figures 1-6 and 7. This
cover is secured to the jacket of the Pan by screws bolts and is stayed and secured
to the bottom of the inside portion of the Pan by stays sufficient in number size
and strength to bear any strain to which they or that part of the Pan which they
secure may be subject.
The top of the Pan is constructed of the form shewn at A. Figures 1-6 and 7.
with an opening G. for the purpose of introducing the material to be operated on
to the inside of the Pan.
The apparatus for opening and closing the opening in the top of the Pan is
shewn at H&I Figure 7 Drawing No 2 and is composed of a cover H. and a screw.
cramp I. the screw cramp I. is for the purpose of making and keeping the
cover H., which closes upon any elastic packing, and the top of the Pan at G tight
and close.
.
On opening the top of the Pan the lever J. is pushed back on the pin K. and
the apparatus swivels on the stud L. and rests on the top of the Pau untill it is
required to close the opening.
The partition D. Figure 6 and 7 is provided with an opening D₁ for the purpose
of discharging the material from the upper to the lower part of the Pan. This
partition is provided with radiating strengthening feathers or ribs M.. The bottom
of the Pan is provided with exhaust pipes N, N. Figures 1 and 6 these pipes are

page_text: connected with the top part of the Pan A. and are for the purpose of conveying
away vapours thrown off by the material undergoing the process in that part of
the Pan marked C. these pipes are provided with valves O. O. for the
closing the openings P. P. when found desirable.
purpose of
The exhaust pipes N N may be connected with the top of the Pan as shewn or
direct with the main exhaust pipe R. or condenser S Figure 7.
In the upper part of the pan at Q. Figure 6 and 7. will be seen a section of an
inverted "Bell," cast on and connected with the top part of the Pan for the purpose
of intercepting any portion or part of the material which may froth up in that part
of the Pan A & B. the froth following the direction of the arrows and dropping
from the mouth of the Bell.
The Bell also prevents any matter which may boil or froth up in A & B from
entering the exhaust pipes N. N. & R.
In the centre of the top part of the Pan Figures 1-2 and 7 is an exhaust R. of
large size for the purpose of conveying away from the upper and lower portions of
the Pan the vapours generated during the drying of the material to a condenser
of the form S.
S. Figure 7 is a condenser for the purpose of condensing the vapours thrown
off by the material undergoing the process in both parts of the Pan A. B. & C. the
vapours are conveyed to the condenser by the exhaust pipe R.
The inlet T. is for the purpose of conveying the circulating water to the
condenser S.
The circulating water passes down through the perforated plates U and V. and
is conveyed away by a suitable pump provided for that purpose The condenser
may be either of the form shewn or of any other approved construction surface or
otherwise.
The pump X. Figure 7 is for the purpose of creating a vacuum in, and for
This form of pump
conveying away the circulating water from, the condenser.
may be used or any other of any approved construction.
In cases where the inverted Bell Q. is not used and the exhaust pipes N. N. are
connected direct with the exhaust pipe R. it will be found desirable to apply an
interceptor of the form Y. figure 5 to the exhaust pipe R. at Z. for the purpose of
arresting any matter which might boil or froth up from the material and which
would otherwise, enter the condenser and be lost The interceptor Y. is jacketted
for introducing a cooling agent at the opening A¹ for the purpose of condensing
any matter which may be arrested.
The cooling agent is discharged at the opening B¹ and the matter arrested by the
interceptor is returned to the Pan by any convenient pipe C³.
The material may be introduced into and the process carried on simultaneously
in both parts of the Pan.
The material for drying may be first introduced into the upper part of the
Pan A & B. through the opening G. and may after undergoing the process for a
certain period be discharged into the lower part of the Pan where the process is
completed through an opening in the partition D. seen at D¹ figure 7-made by
withdrawing the slide or door E¹ a section of which may be seen at F¹ Figure 4,
the slide or door E¹ on being replaced is screwed up by the apparatus G¹
- Figures 1, 2 and 7.
c
The apparatus G¹ is removed before withdrawing the slide E¹. Wedge shaped
lugs H Figures 4 and 7 are cast on the slide E¹ which on screwing up the slide by
the apparatus G¹ press on the rollers I Figures 4 and 7, and the slide E¹ being
provided with a suitable elastic packing create close and air tight joints between
the slide E', and the partition or deck D.
After the material is discharged from that part of the A & B. into that part of
the Pan C. the slide is closed and fresh material is introduced into that part of the
Pan A & B without in any way interfering with the material undergoing the
process in C. when the process is completed in C. the material is mechanically
discharged through the opening J' Figure 2; this opening is then closed and the

page_text: material in the upper part of the Pan is discharged again into the lower part of
the Pan, and fresh material again introduced into the upper part of the Pan.
By continuing this process the heat generated in the lower part of the Pan and
in the material in the lower part of the Pan is utilised for assisting to dry the
material in the upper part of the Pan.
And a larger quantity of material may be operated on and the process completed
in less time than it has hitherto taken.
On completion of the process the material is discharged through the opening J'
Figure 2 into the shoot K' Figures 1 and 2 and passes into any convenient
receptacle.
The shoot K for receiving the material may be raised or lowered by a contrivance
not seen on the drawings at the pleasure of the operator.
The machinery for opening and closing the bottom of the Pan is seen at L' L'
L'L' Figures 1. and 2. Drawing No 1 and Figures 8. and 9. Drawing No 2 and is
composed of a plate or door M¹ for closing the opening J' this plate is secured to
the brackets N N¹ N' by screw bolts, allowing sufficient space between the bottom
of the plate M¹ and the brackets N¹ N¹ N' to enable the plate to be screwed up
tight to the bottom of the Pan the plate M¹ is provided with flanges as shewo,
which close up on any suitable elastic packing, and thereby create an air tight
joint between the plate and the bottom of the Pan.
The brackets N N N¹ are keyed to a shaft O' which turns in bearings P¹ P¹ P'
a semi-circular worm wheel Q' is keyed to the end of the shaft O¹ and in connection
with the semicircular worm wheel is a worm or screw R' which is secured to a
spindle S¹ the spindle S¹ turns in bearings T¹ T¹ secured to the end of the
spindle S¹ is a wheel U' two screw cramps V V₁ are also keyed to the shaft or
spindle O' for the purpose of screwing up the plate or door M¹.
An arrangement for securing the ends of the cramps when in position is seen
at X Figures 9. and 12 Drawing No 2. Y Y are slotted eyes fitting the ends of
the cramps V1 V at Z1 Z¹ these pins X'X' are secured to a bar A² as seen at
Figure 12 and are screwed into position by turning the wheel B³ the screw being at
the end of the bar A at C³.
Extra power may be given if required to the worm R¹ by adding the cogged
wheels A3 A3 A3 A3 seen in figure 9.
The apparatus for screwing up or unscrewing the screw cramps without getting
under the Pan may be seen in Figures 8. and 9. Drawing No 2., A worm wheel is
attached to each screw in lieu of the ball or knob D'; bearings or eyes D³ D³ are
welded on to the arms of the cramps V1 V1 through which a spindle D* passes to
which are secured worms D D a double ratchetted disc De De Figures 10.
and 11 Drawing No 2 is keyed to the spindle D' this disc has a movable centre
picce to which is fitted a movable lever on either side of the movable portion of
the disc, are fixed pawls and the teeth of the ratchetted part of the disc are cut to
act in opposite directions; the pawls are either put in or out of gear as desired on
either side, and on the lever being moved backward, and forward, the worms
actuate the worm wheels secured to the screws and either screw up or unscrew the
cramps as the case may be.
The worms worm wheels bearings and spindle are shewn in dotted line to render
them distinct.
For closing the opening in the bottom of the Pan the wheel U¹ is turned and
the worm wheel Q' is actuated by the worm or screw R. this turns the shaft O¹ to
which the plate M¹ the brackets N' N' N' and the screw cramps V₁ V₁ are
secured, the ends Z Z of the cramps Venter the slots in the slotted eyes
and when in position the wheel B is revolved sending the pins X' X' home
through the holes in the eyes Y¹ Y¹ and the ends of the cramps V₁ V¹ thus
securing the cramps in position.
The cramps Vi V₁ are then screwed up sending home the plate M' and thus
bermetically coses the joints between the plate M₁ and the bottom of the Pan..
For opening the bottom of the Pan the process is vice versâ.
J

page_text: The arrangement of this machinery, enables the material to be discharged either
immediately, in small quantities, or according to the capacity of the receptacle by
which it is conveyed away from the Pan and the necessity of the operator going
under the Pan before the material which has been operated on is discharged is thus
obviated.
a
The stirrers for keeping the material in motion are shewn at E? E² E³ Figures 6,
7 & 13 Drawing No 2 and are composed of a series of bars or arms radiating from
a boss secured to a shaft M' these arms are set at various angles and are screwed
into sockets to facilitate their removal or addition as the case may be.
The main stirrer is keyed or secured in any approved manner to the shaft M²
and is composed of four curved arms which are stayed by suitable rods as shewn,
scrapers are rivetted to the main stirrers for the purpose of scraping the bottom
and sides of the Pan, and cutters or knives are secured to the main stirrers at
various angles for the purpose of disintegrating the material which is being
operated on.
The machinery for keeping the stirrers in motion is composed of a worm or
screw F Figure 1 Drawing No 1 a worm wheel G2 a shaft H₁ bearings or
standards I 12 the bevelled wheels J and K2 and a block or bearing Le seen in
dotted line through the centre column supporting the Pan, and the upright shaft M
to which the stirrers E' E' and the bevelled wheel K are attached the shaft M²
is supported vertically by the block L³ which takes the weight of the stirrers and
bevelled wheel K and laterally by the bottom of the Pan and the partition D.
and the stay or girder as shewn attached to the top of the Pan, where the shaft M²
passes through the bottom of the Pan and the partition D. glands are provided
which are packed so as to form an air tight joint around the shaft.
By arrangeing the machinery in the manner described and shewn the whole
weight of the machinery stirrers etc is transferred from the Pan to the ground.
The Pan is raised to any desired elevation and supported by six columns three
of which are shewn at N³ N2 N2 Figure 1 this enables the machinery to be
placed beneath the Pan and also the exhaust pipe R. and the shoot K' in the
position shown.
0 0 Figure 1. are two safety valves.
PP Figure 1. are two air cocks.
Q Figure 1 is a pressure guago.
Any approved form of these last three may be used.
R2 R2 Figure 6 are two openings for the admission of steam to the spaces
the pipes for which are attached to a steam trap of any approved construction.
S S S Figures 1. 2 and 7 are valves for the admission of air or liquid
material to the inside of the Pan.
T Figure 7 is an opening for a blow off cock.
U Figure 7 is an opening for the admission of water, any other material, or a
refrigerant to the spaces E.
V2 Figure 7 is an opening for the discharge of water any other material or a
refrigerant from the spaces E.
Both these openings U2 and V2 are provided with double branched pipes to
each branch of which are fitted screw down valves and to the bends where the
branches join are fitted air cocks, the valves are for the admission or discharge of
water other material or a refrigerant to or from the spaces E the air cocks are for
the discharge of any material which may collect in the bends of the double
branched pipes.
The purpose of these openings with their double branched pipes valves etc are
as follows on the completion of the Desiccating process should it be found desirable
to cool down the material which has been operated on.
The cocks for the admission of steam to the spaces, at the openings R² R² are
turned off and the steam remaining in the spaces is blown off through the
opening T'.

page_text: On the steam being blown off from the Pan water, of a varying temperature
is admitted through the opening U2 to the spaces E and discharges itself at the
opening V2 when the Pan is sufficiently cool the valve for the admission of water
to the opening U2 is shut off and the water remaining in the spaces E. is
discharged through the opening T and a refrigerant admitted through the
opening U to the spaces E by this process any material such as milk which bas
been operated on may be almost immediately cooled down to any desired
temperature, a vacuum being kept up during the whole process.
A grated semicircular platform is provided from X² to Y level with the under-
side of the Pan and supported by brackets secured to the columns N N N² for
the purpose of manipulating the machinery for opening and closing the Pan
together with the valves etc.
The Pan may be constructed in three parts as shewn at A. B & C. or if found
desirable A. may be constructed as shewn and and B & C constructed in one piece
as shown at Z² Figure 3 Drawing No 1 in which case a fillet or rim is cast around
the inside as shewn at Z2 on a level with the undersiile of the partition D. to
which the partition is secured by screw bolts as shown at Z2 provision being made
for an opening with a slide or door in the partition or deck D.
"Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manuer the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is "
1st A Desiccating Machine for the purpose herein before specified, consisting of
a Pan or receptacle, divided into two separated parts by a partition or deck, and
having jackets cast on and connected with the inside of the Pan, with a top of the
form shewn and a cover or bottom F; and constructed substantially as described
and shewn.
2nd The combination with a Desiccating Machine of a partition or deck D. with
an opening D¹ having rollers I and a slide E with wedge shaped lugs H¹ and
an apparatus G¹ substantially as described and shewn.
3rd The combination with a Desiccating Machine of an opening G. having an
apparatus EI & I. substantially as described and shewn.
4th The combination with a Desiccating Machine of an Inverted Bell Q. cast on
or connected with the inside of the top of the Pan substantially as described and
shewn.
5th The combination with a Desiccating Machine of an opening J with the
machinery and apparatus for opening and closing the opening substantially as
specified described and shewn.
6th The combination with a Desiccating Machine of stirrers having a series of
arms set at different angles and radiating from bosses secured to an upright shaft M*
revolving in a block or bearing L and a main stirrer secured to the said shaft
having four arms stayed by tie rods the arms having scrapers and cutters secured
to them at various angles substantially as herein before specified described and
shewn.
7th The combination with a Desiccating Machine of a Jacketted Interceptor
substantially as described and shown.