IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Surry Andrews, of James Street, Ord
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Truss Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS."
Sealed the 27th July 1869, and dated the 30th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Surry
Andrews at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th January 1869.
I, ABRAHAM SURRY ANDREWS, of James Street, Old Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Truss Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preventing the shoulders of
draught horses from being chafed or galled by the action of the collar,
the affording of free action to the muscles, and the obtainment of an equal
bearing diffused over all parts of the shoulder, whereby the horse is

page_text: enabled to perform a greater amount of labour with more ease than when
the ordinary collar is used.
According to this Invention it is proposed to make the pad of the
collar of india-rubber or other suitable material covered on the one side
with a soft fabric, such as moleskin cloth, and on the other with linnen,
drill, or other like fabric, for the purpose of strengthening the india-rubber,
to which the said covering and lining are cemented with india-rubber
solution. This pad is to be either inflated with air or filled with water
or with any soft and elastic material, such, for example, as the material
known as "moc main." The outer part of the collar is composed of
metal, say of iron or brass. If iron be employed it may be japanned,
but if other metals be used they may be left bright. And in order to
avoid all risk of injuring to the india-rubber pad by friction against the
metal plate a padding of any suitable soft material, such as felt or hair
stuffing, is introduced between the two.
It is further proposed, if found desirable, to insert india-rubber tubing
round the extreme outer edge of the collar, but within the pad itself,
whereby better bearing on the shoulder will be obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Abraham Surry Andrews in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABRAHAM
SURRY ANDREWS, of James Street, Old Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Truss Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Abraham Surry Andrews, Her special
licence that I, the said Abraham Surry Andrews, my executors, adminis-
'trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Abraham Surry
Andrews, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might

page_text: make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE COLLARS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Abraham Surry Andrews, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Abraham Surry Andrews, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object the preventing the shoulders of
draught horses from being chafed or galled by the action of the collar,
allowing free action to the muscles, and the obtainment of an equal
bearing diffused over all parts of the shoulders, whereby the horse is
enabled to perform a greater amount of labour with more ease than when
the ordinary collar is used.
According to this Invention it is proposed to make the pad of the
collar of india-rubber or other airproof or suitable material, covered on
the one side with a soft fabric, such as moleskin cloth, and on the other
with linen, drill, or other like fabric, for the purpose of strengthening the
india-rubber, to which the said covering and lining are cemented with
india-rubber solution or otherwise secured. This pad is to be either
inflated or filled with air or fluid or with any soft and elastic material,
such, for example, as the material known as "moc main" horse hair, wool,
and stuffing fibre; or the pad may be furnished with these materials and
afterwards inflated or filled up with air or fluid. The outer part of the
collar is composed of metal, say of iron, brass, or steel. If iron be
employed it may be japanned, but if other metals be used they may be
left bright. In order to avoid all risk of injuring the india-rubber pad
by friction against the metal outer part of collar a plate of zinc or other
suitable metal is used to form that part of the pad which is interposed
between it and such outer part of collar, or a padding of suitable
soft and strong material, such as felt, is interposed between the two,

page_text: I also insert india-rubber tubing round the extreme outer edge of the
collar, but within the pad itself, whereby a better bearing on the shoulder
will be obtained.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, I will now proceed to particularly describe and
ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed and carried
out in practice, by referring to the accompanying Drawings, as
said Invention, I will now proceed to particularly describe and
ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed and carried
out in practice, by referring to the accompanying Drawings, as
follows.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS,
Fig. 1, front view of a collar constructed in accordance with my
Invention; Fig. 2, section of same; Fig. 3, side view of same; Fig. 4,
transverse section of same; Fig. 5, view shewing the various parts
disjointed. The same letters of reference are used throughout all the
Figures to refer to like parts.
a, a, outside metal plates having flanges b, b, for the ames; c, bent tube
holding the plates together at bottom and provided with eyes d, d, to
hook the ames. This tube may be made to adjust like a telescope and
allow of the collar being rendered larger or smaller at pleasure; but
where saving of expense is an object this bent tube may be dispensed
with, and the pads may be carried all through inside the outer part of
collar a, a, which would then be secured together both at top and
bottom. e, piece at top holding the plates together through which I prefer
to insert the stop-cock provided with branch pipes leading to the pads
one on each side of the collar, the stop cock can thus be made to serve
the purpose of the knob usually employed to prevent the ames strap
from slipping; g, g, plates forming basis of pads; h, h, moleskin or other
fabric cemented to sheet india-rubber, or otherwise made air-tight, forming
the outside of the pad, being carried round and sewn or joined at the
back of the plates g, g; i, i; india-rubber tubes above described;
j,j, "moc main" or other padding; this padding might however be
dispensed with and the pads simply inflated or filled with air or fluid,
but this I do not consider desirable; k, k, screws securing the pad to the
outer part of collar a, a; 1 denotes the stop-cock through which the pads
are inflated or filled with air or fluid. In some cases for the sake of
économy of construction I dispense with the cock 1, as in such cases no
inflation or filling up with air or fluid is to be provided for, and American

page_text: leather cloth may be used for forming the pads instead of india-rubber,
and leather or moleskin may be used for the outer covering. The sub-
stitution of American cloth for india-rubber would prevent moisture
getting to the stuffing, thus preserving the pad in a soft and elastic
state, affording a great advantage over the collars now in use. The
inflating may be managed by simply blowing into the stop-cock with
the mouth or by the use of a force pump or a surgeon's air bottle.
When the collar is constructed with bent tube c at the bottom thereof
the windpipe of the horse is left entirely free from pressure, as the round
form of the tube avoids that inconvenience.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed and
carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim, the Invention of
"Improvements in Horse Collars," consisting in making the same with
pads adapted and arranged as herein-before described; it being under-
stood that I do not claim the mechanical details shewn by the Drawings,
except for the purposes of my said Invention, nor do I limit myself to
the use of such details.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Surry Andrews, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
July in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.
Witness,
5
ALEX. P. WRIGHT,
ABRAHAM SURRY ANDREWS. (L.S.)
Secretary to the
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
Charing Cross.