IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING, PURIFYING, AND. BLEACHING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
DUNN, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, Soap Boiler, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, exors, successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Arthur Dunn, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Arthur Dunn, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Arthur Dunn, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING, PURIFYING, AND.
BLEACHING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
proviso, that I, the said Arthur Dunn, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-.
formed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within.
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part.
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,.
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Arthur Dunn, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to causing oils and fatty matters to be subjected to
streams of atmospheric air forced below the surface thereof, so that the air,

page_text: rising to the surface of the oils or fatty matters; will agitate the same and carry
off impure odours, and at the same time bleach the oils or fatty matters under
process.
In carrying out my Invention, I cause the fatty matter or oil which it
is desired to treat, bleach, and purify to be kept heated, by steam pipes or
other means, to from one hundred and seventy degrees to two hundred and
thirty of Fahrenheit, when in any convenient vessel, over which I prefer there
should be placed a hood, opening into a chimney, so as to conduct off any
vapours which may arise into the outer atmosphere, and by means of perforated
pipes or perforated shallow vessels placed at the bottom of the vessel I cause
numerous streams of air to be forced through the oil or fatty matter, by forcing
air by any convenient blowing apparatus into the perforated pipes or vessels;
or the air may be forced into and below the fatty matter or oil by numerous small
tübes, descending-from one or more main tubes above the liquid.matter in the
vessel, such; main pipe or pipes being in connection with the blowing machinery
or apparatus usedAnd it should be understood, that the object being to.obtain
numerous small streams of air to rise up through the fatty matter or oil under
process, I do not confine myself to any particular construction of apparatus
for obtaining streams of air, and I employ air.at fatmospheric temperature, not
having found that the heating of the air used before it is forced. below fatty
matters or oils produces, more beneficial results. than air not: heated: The
time of operating on different oils and fatty matters will be found to vary from
each other, and such is the case with respect to similar descriptions of oils and
fatty matters; but as the result of the "process" of treating oils and fatty
matters by air are progressive, and the extent of effector: result produced
readily judged of from time to time; the workman will judge, from samples
from time to time taken out of the vessel, whether the oil or fatty matter is
purified and bleached to the degree desired, and if not, he will continue the
process of forcing air through the same till the desired result is obtained.
Thus, in treating various quantities of different samples of palm oil, I have found
that the same have taken from eight to fifteen hours' to render them very free
from color and when treating different qualities of tallow, I have found that
the impurities of smell have been very quickly got rid of, and the same have
been well bleached in from eighteen to twenty-four hours, and in less time. if
the extent of purifying and bleaching required be less;and as before stated,
the time required for the process will vary, according to the extent of bleaching
required and the quantity of color and impurities contained in particular oils
and fatty matters of the same descriptions: I have mentioned palm: oil and
tallow because I believe them to be those most requiring to be treated

page_text: according to my Invention; at the same time the information here given will
be sufficient for the workman when acting on other oils or fatty matters, and I
have found that the process is quickened in some degree by the higher degrees
of temperature up to the highest temperature above mentioned. But I
consider it desirable, so far as my experience has gone, not to use higher
temperatures than those mentioned, as fatty and oily matters may be injured
by high temperatures; and where time is not an object, I believe it better not
to exceed a temperature of two hundred degrees of Fahrenheit; but I do not
confine myself to any particular degrees of heat when treating fatty matters
and oils with streams of air, but I have above given the best information I
possess for the carrying out my Invention. I would remark, that the treating of
oils and fatty matters with streams of air forced through or amongst the same,
owing to the agitating effect produced, will be found useful when mixing fatty
matters and oils with other matters, as the same will be very readily and
intimately mixed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would wish it to be understood
that I do not claim the apparatus herein described for forcing streams of air
into and through fluid matters; but what I claim is, the mode of treating,
purifying, and bleaching oils and fatty matters by causing streams of air to be
forced or passed into or through them, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Dunn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, One thousand