IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST STEEL FOR EFFECTING THE ANNEALING THEREOF
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM PENMAN, of Gateshead-on-Tyne in the County of Durham, Coal and
Lime Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING CAST STEEL FOR EFFECTING THE ANNEALING THEREOF
" to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object to effect a ready and efficient annealing of
articles of cast steel such for example as cast steel chain, with considerable economy
of time. According to my Invention I take the article immediately after casting
and cover it with or imbed it in a dry pulverized or finely divided material such..
for example as dry ashes sand or Lime (either in a heated or cool state) and I allow
the article to remain therein until it has sufficiently cooled. On removal it will be
found to be very satisfactorily annealed Much time is ordinarily lost in annealing
in the ordinary way owing to the articles being first allowed to cool and having to
be reheated for annealing. I therefore according to my Invention economize much
time and labour and the slow cooling effected by the enclosure within the dry
ashes or other material according to my Invention prevents quick radiation of heat
and intense molecular action and consequent crystallization of the metal.
Dated this 19th day of November 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM PENMAN of Gateshead-on-Tyne in the County of Durham Coal and
Lime Merchant do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING CAST STEEL FOR EFFECTING THE ANNEALING THEREOF " and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention has for its object to effect a ready and efficient annealing of
articles of cast steel such for example as cast steel chains or any articles cast in
moulds or chills in such manner as to effect a considerable economy of time and
expense in the annealing process According to my Invention I take the article
immediately after casting and whilst still hot, I cover it with or imbed it in a dry
pulverized or finely divided material such for example as dry ashes sand or lime
(either in a heated or cool state) and I allow the article to remain therein until it
has sufficiently cooled. On removal it will be found to be very satisfactorily
annealed. Much time is ordinarily lost in annealing in the ordinary way owing
to the articles being first allowed to cool and having to be reheated for Annealing-
I therefore according to my Invention economise much time and labor, and the
slow cooling effected by the enclosure within the dry ashes or other material
according to my Invention prevents quick radiation of heat and intense molecular
action, and consequent crystallisation of the metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is-
Effecting the annealing of articles of cast steel by taking the articles whilst
still hot from the moulds or chills and covering them with or imbedding them in
a dry pulverised or finely divided material and allowing the said articles to coul
therein substantially as herein before described.
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