matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN IRON EASY ARM-CHAIR BEDSTEAD.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Brown, residing at No. 23, Nelson Square,
Nelson Street, Bermondsey, and Job Bartlett, of No. 23, Little Guildford
Street, Southwark, for the Invention of "THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN IRON
EASY ARM-CHAIR BEDSTEAD.".
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Brown and Job
Bartlett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th June-1856.
We, HENRY BROWN, residing at No. 23, Nelson Square, Nelson Street,
Bermondsey, and JOB BARTLETT, of No. 23, Little Guildford Street, South-
wark, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE CON-
STRUCTION OF AN IRON EASY ARM-CHAIR BEDSTEAD," to be as follows:-
The back of the chair is placed to the seat on pivets, so that it can work
from its erect position to the same position and in a straight line with the
The pivets are placed on the back twelve inches from the bottom, so
that the lower part of the back forms levers under the seat.
seat.
From the front of the seat is placed a second seat on pivets, in the same way
as the back, so that it can work from its perpendicular position to the same

page_text: position and in a straight line with the seat. Two connecting.rods are placed on
pivets from the back leavers to the front seat, so that as the back lowers the
front seat rises, untill the back and front seat are in a straight line with the
seat, and thereby forms a bedstead. To obtain these positions with facility
and ease, a rack of a circular form, with teeth, is placed on the pivett of the
connecting rod from the back lever, and an arber is placed on the side of the
seat on centers, at one end of which is placed a bevel wheel, at the other an
endless screw or worm; to the latter the rack is connected.
Across the seat underneath is placed an arber or main shaft, with a bevel
wheel and an handle on the right and left of the seat, which is connected with
the bevel wheel on the arber of the endless screw, so that by turning the main
shaft it places the arm chair from its .primative form to any other form from
chair to a bedstead.
Public utility: A person seated in the arm chair, on condition that he has
the use of one arm, can place himself in any position from chair to bed with
the greatest ease, without shake or any disagreeable sensation, and without the
aid of any one, or moveing himself from his seat.
If the person seated in the chair has lost the use of both arms, a child
four years old can place him in any position from chair to bed with the
greatest facility.
This chair offers to persons in health or sickness a source of comfort and
ease not to be obtained hithertoo.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR, AND IN WATER- PROOFING AND COATING WOVEN AND OTHER FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1856.
I, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR, AND IN WATER-
PROOFING AND COATING WOVEN AND OTHER FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
It has heretofore been proposed to dissolve gun cotton and other vegetable
matters similarly prepared in wood spirit, and to use such solutions for the
purpose of waterproofing. I have, however, ascertained by a course of experi-
ments that the employment of wood spirit for such purposes is not practically
useful, and I have found that a product or products obtained by distilling wood
spirit and other napthas with from one to two parts of chloride of lime, or
with about one-fifth part of sulphuric acid, may be produced which can be very
usefully applied for like purposes. I would, however, state that nitric or other
acids than sulphuric may be used, and my improvement consists in applying
such product or products, obtained from wood spirit or other napthas, in com-
bination with gun cotton or other vegetable matter similarly prepared, to the
purposes of making waterproof articles, and for coating woven and other
fabrics, paper, leather, and other substances. The combinations may be pre-

page_text: pared and used in a plastic state, and also in the state of solution. When
used in the latter state, in order to obtain a thick or substantive coating,
numerous layers or spreadings of the solution are employed. I also combine
such product or products with gums or resins, for the purpose of obtaining
solutions of them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Niven at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May 1856.
I, JAMES NIVEN, of Keir, in the County of Perth, North Britain, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application and use of the bark of the elm, or
ulmus Europaa, in the manufacture or production of paper, as well as in the
manufacture of textile materials. The elm bark is taken at any age, and the
external rind being removed, the rest is disintegrated, either before or after
boiling in caustic ley, and the resultant mass is then worked up in the
ordinary manner as pursued by the paper-maker in the usual process of paper-
making from rags. The pulp produced from elm bark is fine and strong, and
may be bleached to a good white.
This Invention refers also to the application and use, in the manufacture
both of paper and of textile materials, of the lecistera formosa, a hardy shrub,
which will grow readily in Great Britain as an underwood. The inner bark
of this shrub is used in the same manner as that of the elm. In addition to
this application, the spent bark of the tanner is similarly used as the raw
material of paper, and is disintegrated and worked up in a generally similar
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrwey
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman John van den Hout
and Ebenezer Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th January 1856.
We, HERMAN JOHN VAN DEN HOUT, Artist, and EBENEZER BROWN, Carver,
both of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, MILLBOARD, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES, to be
as follows:-
We take curriers' shavings of skins or hides, employed in the manufacture of
leather, and wash them thoroughly to rid them of impurities, after which they
are transferred to the ordinary pulping machine; to the pulp so prepared
we add from 15 to 60 per ct. of any common pulp made from ropes, rags, or
other suitable kinds of fibrous or textile materials; the two pulps being well
combined are then ready to be worked by continuous or other paper machinery;
the kind of machines we prefer being. those with from six to seven drying
rollers, and are to be employed as customary in the manufacture of paper,
millboard, and similar articles; and such pulps are also applicable for the
purposes to which papier mache is generally applied.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING SCREWS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thompson Newbury, of Taunton, in the State of
Massachusetts, and United States of America, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING SCREWS."
Sealed the 16th June 1857, and dated the 20th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thompson Newbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1856.
I, THOMPSON NEWBURY, of Taunton, in the State of Massachusetts, and
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING SCREWS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new combination of devices for feeding, pointing,
and threading screw blanks.
For feeding the blanks I employ a jointed segmental elevator, vibrating
vertically through a slot in the bottom of the feed pan or hopper in which the
blanks are held. This elevator when down even with the bottom of the pan
receives the blanks, and when rising delivers them into fixed ways or guides,
whence they descend to a carrier, which is vibrated from a vertical to a

page_text: horizontal position by means of an arm, operated by a cam, and controlled in
its movements by a curved slotted guido piece. The carrier when in the
horizontal position delivers the blank to the nippers, which hold it while it is
being pointed and threaded, both which operations are performed by the same
tool. During the pointing, the tool or cutter is moved lengthwise of the blank
by means of a cam actuating, a lever, which moves the tool holder. The tool
is brought towards and from the blank by means of projections or risers on a
cam wheel operating the arm or lever to which the tool is attached. The
motion of the tool in threading the blank is independent of the pointing motion,
being communicated to the tool by means of a leader worm, which at proper
intervals gives lateral motion to the shaft to which the tool holder is attached
by means of a catch wheel and spring pawl, operated by a spring and chain.
When the threading is completed, the lower end of the arm or lever to which
the tool is attached falls into a recess in the cam wheel, thereby withdrawing
the tool out of the way, so that the screw may be dropped from the nippers by
any usual mode. The movements of the machine are effected by usual
mechanical means, all of which will be fully explained in my Final Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISM FOR ROTATING RETAINING THE ROLLERS OF WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Joel Livsey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1856.
I, PETER JOEL LIVSEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND MECHANISM FOR ROTATING
RETAINING THE ROLLERS OF WINDOW BLINDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is an improvement upon, or may be employed as a substitute
for, the "rack" commonly used for holding and retaining the endless cord or
tape which is used for winding up or lowering down window blinds, by rotating
the roller upon which the blind is secured.
Firstly, it consists of a ring of metal, or other suitable substance, through
which the cord or tape of the blind is passed; to, this ring one end of a
vulcanized india-rubber band is attached, and the other end is secured on a
stud fixed in the window frame. The elastic india-rubber band will allow of
as much variation in the length of the cord or tape as the common "racks,"
and will exert a pressure on the cord or tape sufficient to rotate and retain the
blind in any required position. A small frame, with an antifriction pulley in
it, may be substituted for the ring, the endless cord or tape passing round the
antifriction pulley.

page_text: Secondly, my Invention consists in applying a spring of india-rubber or of
metal in the spiral or other suitable form, to exert a pressure on a ring or
frame with an antifriction bowl, round which the cord or tape of the blind
roller passes, so as to keep a tension on the cord or tape, to give force sufficient
to rotate the roller, and retain it, and thus the blind, in any required position.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in applying elastic cord or tape made of
india-rubber, or india-rubber covered or interwoven with thread or other
fibrous material, to the purpose of rotating blind rollers, and retaining them
in any required position; such elastic cords or tapes (endless) may be passed
round the pulley of the blind roller, and round a fixed stud or an antifriction
bowl, that is, round a stud or antifriction bowl without an arrangement for
adjustment, the elasticity of the cord or tape answering the purpose of
adjustment, besides giving sufficient pressure or adhesion to rotate and retain
the blind roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, & SUSPENDING BOATS FROM SHIPS
Year: 1856

page_text: pication Jor
by the Act.)
was not given
our www
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Napier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1856.
I, GEORGE NAPIER, of Bath Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, &
of the Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING,
LOWERING, & SUSPENDING BOATS FROM SHIPS, to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus for raising, lowering, & suspending boats from
ships, consists in supporting the davits or arms, from which the boats are
suspended from the sides of ships, by means of two vertical screws, sus-
tained at the upper part by an arm or standard raised from the gunwale, &
in which the screws are free to rotate. The screws rest and are stepped into
two bearings at bottom, fixed in the side of the ship. The davits have each a
long boss, with a female screw fitting the vertical screws, by turning which
screws, & at the same time preventing the davits moving round with them, the
davits will be carried up or down on the screws. The screws have each a
crank at the top, which cranks are placed in connection by a connecting rod,
so that when turned round they may perform the same number of revolutions.
The boat is suspended from the davits in the ordinary position, but slung by

page_text: means of claws or hooks, which open in the manner of a pair of smith's tongs,
the long ends or arms of which clasp the gunwale, the whole being hung from
the short ends by a short chain or rope, the tension of which keeps the claws
of the long arms together, so that on the boat alighting on the water they
release their hold, when the boat is free. By means of this apparatus, the boat
may be loaded while hanging up in the davits, & when all ready, the davit
screws may be released, when the weight of the boat will cause them to
revolve & lower her gently into the water. When the davits are to be turned
round to bring the boat in board, the connecting rod must be removed for that
purpose. To lift the boat, the claws are held in position to grasp the gunwale,
& both the vertical screws caused to revolve by clapping hands on to the con-
necting rod, causing both to rotate simultaneously & in unison with the revo-
lutions of each other; other suitable gear may be arranged for the application
of manual power, affording greater amount of purchase, if necessary, for
raising the boat.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PROOF FLOORS AND CEILINGS, APPLICABLE IN PART TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1856.
I, RICHARD WILSON, of Oxford Court, Salter's Hall, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PROOF FLOORS AND CEILINGS, APPLICABLE
IN PART TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to a novel construction of metal beam or
girder, in which strength and lightness are combined. The beam is composed
of two lengths of sheet or plate iron, put together so as to form a hollow
girder, triangular in section. The upper plate is rolled to a A-shaped figure
(in section) with flanges, and the lower length is flat, with two hollow ribs or
troughs to receive the flanges of the upper plate. The two plates forming the
beam are bolted together by cross rods, which pass through the three thick-
nesses of metal forming the flanges and the hollow ribs or troughs, and these
rods being provided with stops will form struts for increasing the rigidity of
the beam laterally, and when extended from one beam to another they will
serve for rafters, and carry the laths which are to receive the plaster for
forming a ceiling. Beams, thus constructed, I propose to use for the floors
and roofs of fire-proof buildings, and also in the building of bridges and other

page_text: structures to which they may be applicable. Before using the metal beams, I
propose to fill the hollow with cement or other non-inflammable substance,
which will give solidity thereto, and prevent the plates from buckling under
great pressure. The beams I place at suitable distances apart in the building
that is to be made fire-proof, with the A side uppermost, and I give their ends
about six inches bearing on the walls or piers. The edges of the under plate
form supports for the brick, concrete, or other arches which fill the space
between the beams, and the inclined sides of the upper plate fit against the
inclined sides of the abutting arches. Over the bracing rods which extended
from beam to beam are lapped strips of hoop iron or lengths of wire, which
serve the purpose of the ordinary laths, and previous to turning the arches I
apply an adjustable table to the under side of the laths, raising it to the
required height of the ceiling to be formed; cement is then applied to the
metal laths, and worked under them, the table forming a mould for supporting
the plastic material until it is set, and insuring a smooth or even surface;
the table is then moved forward, and a further portion of ceiling is formed.
In some cases, I propose to provide a table with a pattern (of panels, for
example), and thus I am enabled, at little cost, to produce an ornamental
ceiling. When this is formed, the arches are to be turned; or, if required,
the plastering of the ceiling may be effected in the ordinary manner after the
arches are built in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thornett, j', at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1856.
I, JOHN THORNETT, j', of the New North Road, in the County of Middle-
sex, Licensed Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in gas burners relates to argand burners, or
such
gas burners as may have a button or other form of metal placed within
the light, and consists in making this button or form, within the light, a hollow
channel through which the gas passes previous to its emission from the burner
to be consumed. The metal form, within the light, constitutes a chamber, in
which the gas is highly heated by exposure in that chamber to the action of
the gas flame. The gas may be conducted up the centre of the burner stem
to this chamber, carried up above the emission aperture of the burner, and
within the light, as before mentioned. This chamber is formed as large as may
be, in proportion to the light. From the heating chamber the gas is conducted
down around the central passage by which it entered, and passes thence by
passages in cross or forked arms that support the ring of the burner. When
emitted, the gas so heated produces a white flame, and with very little blue
flame at the lower part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1856.
I, GEORGE HILL, of City Road, Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING STEAM BOILERS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the peculiar construction of a self-acting apparatus
to be employed as a substitute for a force pump, for maintaining the water in
steam boilers at the required level under any degree of steam pressure.
At
The apparatus is composed of a feeder, which is a cylindrical or other shaped
vessel, closed at the top, and placed on or near to the top of the boiler.
the bottom of the feeder a flanged pipe is attached, communicating with a
closed reservoir placed a little below the source from which the water is
supplied. In this pipe is placed a valve opening towards the feeder; at the
lower part of the reservoir is another pipe, also furnished with a valve opening
towards the said reservoir, which pipe communicates with a well or other
water source. At the top of the reservoir a steam pipe is fixed, which then
enters the upper part of the boiler. From the top of the feeder a steam pipe
passes into the boiler to the required level of the water. In each of the two
last-mentioned pipes is placed a stop-cock or valve, so arranged that when one
is open the other is closed, and vice versa. Another pipe is fixed at the

page_text: bottom of the feeder, in which is placed a valve opening towards the boiler,
and enters the latter, for the purpose of feeding it with water.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the feeder to be
empty and the reservoir full of water, the stop-cock or valve of the steam pipe
of the reservoir is opened, and the valve or stop-cock of the steam pipe of the
feeder being closed, the pressure of steam in the reservoir forces the water up
the centre pipe through the valve into the feeder; and when the latter is full,
a self-acting apparatus opens the stop-cock of the steam pipe of the feeder, and
closes that of the steam pipe of the reservoir. If the water in the boiler is
below the required level, the steam enters by the steam pipe of the feeder
before mentioned to the top of the feeder, the pressure of steam being thus
compensated or balanced, the water in the feeder immediately descends into
the boiler; and by the said self-acting apparatus the stop cocks or valves of
the two steam pipes are reversed, and the feeder is refilled, in the manner
before described. If the water supply is above the boiler, the reservoir may
be placed above the feeder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walker and Alexander
M°Kenzie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th May 1856.
I, ROBERT WALKER, of Glasgow, Merchant, and ALEXANDER MCKENZIE,
also of Glasgow, Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to electric telegraphs, in which instruments are used
which receive and record the messages as a series of dots or lines produced
on a receiving surface, whether such signs be produced on chemically
prepared paper by the passage of the current, or by a marker, actuated by an
electro-magnet; and the Invention consists in the use of two or more line
wires in such electric telegraphs in continuation with a series of finger keys,
each of which finger keys is capable of making and breaking the circuits in
the two or more line wires in a suitable manner for producing the marks
which indicate a letter, figure, or word. For this purpose, the finger keys are
arranged in a manner similar to those shown and described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to us, and dated June 20th, 1855.
This Invention also consists in the use, in connection with the finger keys, of

page_text: weights or springs of various degrees of strength, which, being lifted or moved
by the keys, will actuate the instruments with various degrees of speed, thus
producing signals of greater or less length, as may be required, on the
receiving surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET BATS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given
by the Act.)
ninin the time prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1856.
I, EDWARD MARTIN, of Oxford, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET BATS," to be as follows; and consists
in making the handle (which is firmly fitted and glued into the bat) of several
pieces of malacca cane, longitudinally glued together and turned to suit the
hands..
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARMENTS OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUSTAINING THE HUMAN BODY IN WATER, OR FOR ACQUIRING THE ART OF SWIMMING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Reeves Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1856.
I, THOMAS REEVES WHITEHEAD, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Book-keeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GARMENTS OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUSTAINING THE
HUMAN BODY IN WATER, OR FOR ACQUIRING THE ART OF SWIMMING," to be as
follows:--
It relates to means whereby the human body may be sustained in water in
a position favorable to the action of swimming, and it consists in a substance
buoyant in water or a bag or vessel inflated with air, which is constructed and
arranged so as to be secured to the abdominal region of the human body; by
this means buoyancy is added to the human body in such manner as will
permit of it being easily balanced in the water, and this will enable and assist
the person using the apparatus to assume the swimming position, and will thus
greatly facilitate the acquirement of the art of swimming. For greater safety,
a buoyant substance, or a bag or vessel inflated with air may be used, in
addition to that above referred to, which may be secured in the region of the
chest, but this is not absolutely necessary. The learner, using this apparatus,
arranged as described, may gradually diminish the buoyant support, as con-

page_text: fidence increases, till the apparatus may be ultimately dispensed with, though
for safety it may be used in bathing at all times, as it offers very little impedi-
ment to the progress of the swimmer through the water.
The apparatus which I prefer to use is made of a waterproof bag or bags
inflated with air, which are placed in or attached to a garment similar to a pair
of "drawers," which when in use are securely fastened to the person; the
garment may be continued upward from the lower extremities so as to fit and
be secure to the shoulders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS ADAPTED FOR BURNING RESIN OIL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Diederich Fehrman, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS ADAPTED FOR
BURNING RESIN OIL."-A communication from Friedrich Benkler, of
Wiesbaden.
Sealed the 30th October 1856, and dated the 8th August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Diederich Fehrman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1856.
I, DIEDERICH FEHRMAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS.
ADAPTED FOR BURNING RESIN OIL," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object the arrangement of lamps for burning
refined resin oil. The great difficulty in the use of this oil has hitherto been
the depositing of tar and other matters in the wick. In order to remove this
deposit of tar and other matters, a tube is used which surrounds the exterior
tube of the burner and projects a short distance above it; the tar and other
matters descend by the space between the two tubes, and are discharged into the

page_text: dripping cup. On the burner there is a gallery, which supports a short tube
or glass contracted at its upper end up through which the flame passes.
Exterior of the short tube or glass is a chimney, also supported by the gallery,
and the chimney is contracted at a suitable distance from its end. The gallery
slides on the burner and carries with it both the short tube and the chimney,
so that the distance between the end of the wick and the top of the short tube
can be adjusted as required. Air is admitted to the flame between the burner
and the short tube, and also between the short tube and the exterior chimney.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OMNIBUSES
Year: 1856

page_text: was
0
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1856.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OMNIBUSES," to be as follows, (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has for its object to improve the form and dimensions of
omnibuses, so that greater accommodation may be afforded to persons travel-
ling by them, consists in constructing the shells or bodies of the said omnibuses,
so that by a central arrangement of seats the persons seated within the body
or upon the roof thereof may pass to or from any of the said seats without
inconvenience to the rest of the passengers. To effect this object, I cause the
shell or body to be rounded at the front, and at the back to be provided with
convenient steps or stairs to communicate with the roof. Between each of
the said seats, which are to be arranged in longitudinal rows upon the outside
or roof of the omnibus, an intervening space is allowed for the knee of the
passengers who are to sit facing the driver, whilst a space or footway between
each of the said rows of seats is made to communicate with the steps or stairs.
A cover or awning, supported upon semicircular bracket frames, is made to

page_text: draw or fold over the outside passengers at plasure. Omnibuses on this
principle may be constructed for one or two horses to draw, by employing the
upper portion or roof and awning as a single omnibus.
I claim, firstly, the constructing of omnibuses with inside central seats;
secondly, an arrangement of outside seats upon the roof facing the driver,
divided transversely and longitudinally; and, thirdly, the covering or closing
in of the top or roof seats by means of an awning and moveable brackets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR KNOCKERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Platt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July 1856.
I, JOSEPH PLATT, of Audlem, in the County Palatine of Chester, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR
KNOCKERS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in peculiar mechanical arrangements, by means
of which the knocker is operated by a suitable handle on the outside of the
door, causing a hammer or knocker to strike on the inside.
In
The handles may be variously constructed, to turn, or to pull out, or push
inwards; and the hammer, knocker, or other alarum, may be connected with
the outside handle by springs, ratchet wheels, or other like contrivances.
some cases the handle only may be attached to the door, which when closed
shall become self-connected with a rod, lever, or similar means for operating.
a knocker attached thereto. The hammer or knocker may strike a metal
stud on the inside of the door, or a bell, or other alarum.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LUBRICATING OIL CANS OR VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Adolphe le Franc at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1856. A communication.
I, JULES ADOLPHE LE FRANC, of Cecil Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN LUBRICATING OIL CANS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in lubricating oil cans or
vessels, and consists of forming such cans or vessels in such manner that they
will assume such a position when placed on any surface that the oil will not
flow from the tubular neck through which the oil is poured when lubricating
parts of machinery, thus preventing the great waste of oil now consequent on
such cans or vessels being upset or turned over. The forms of these cans or
vessels may be varied, and the supply of oil thereto may be at the opening
where the tubular neck is screwed thereto, or the neck may be fixed and a
separate opening suitably closed may be made for supplying oil to a can or
vessel. The forms preferred are globular, conical, and cylindrical, and the
weight applied is by preference at the bottom, and in all cases at the bottom
where the vessel is required to stand upright. The tubular neck is preferred
to be bent towards its upper end, and partially closed, so as to produce a small
outlet as compared with the diameter of the tubular neck; and some of such
necks are made with air tubes, which open out from the lower part of the
necks and descend to near the bottoms of the oil cans or vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING MATERIALS TO BE USED IN. MANU- PACTURING RETORTS, CRUCIBLES, BRICKS, AND OTHER KINDS OF EARTHENWARE
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Joseph Frédéric Mar-
gueritte at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th December 1856.
I, LOUIS JOSEPH FREDERIC MARGUERITTE, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING MATERIALS TO BE USED IN. MANU-
PACTURING RETORTS, CRUCIBLES, BRICKS, AND OTHER KINDS OF EARTHENWARE," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in producing clays which are not
fusible for manufacturing all kinds of earthenware. Alumina and silica cannot
be fused separately or together at any temperature hitherto produced; if the
ordinary clays or silicate of alumina are at all fusible at a high degree of heat
it is owing to the pressure of lime, oxide of iron, or other substances.
My Invention has for its object to encrease in all kinds of clays for the
manufacture of earthenware the proportions of silica and alumina. The
process is as follows":-I make the bricks, crucibles, retorts, or other articles
in the ordinary manner, and after they have been submitted to the first
operation of drying in a stove I immerse them in a solution of chloride of
aluminum or chloride of silicium. After this operation the soaked earthen-

page_text: ware products are burnt till the hydrochloric acid is entirely evolved, which
is produced from the chlorides of aluminum and silicium by heat. There
remains in the interior of the earthenware alumina and silica in proportion to
the concentrated state of the solution, and to the repeated immersions to which
the articles have been subjected.
The acetate and sulphate of alumina will result in similar deposits by the
action of heat.
An IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS AND TUBES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1856.
I, WILLIAM MARSHALL, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING IRON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN
BARRELS AND TUBES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing gun barrels, tubes, and tubular articles of wrought iron,
it is usual to take a flat plate or sheet of iron, and by passing it between suit-
ably formed rolls, to bend or coil it up into the form of a hollow cylinder, the
edges of which are afterwards united by welding. My Invention consists in
rolling iron in the manner herein-after explained, to be used for the manu-
facture of gun barrels and other tubes, instead of the flat plate of iron commonly
employed. In the manufacture of the wrought iron into bars, I roll the same
into the form of a square prism, or of a figure approaching that of a square
prism; by passing the said bar between rolls suitably grooved, I form a gutter
on one side along its whole length. By successive rollings, the said gutter is
deepened and the lower external angles rounded. The bar thus assumes in
cross section the form of the letter U. By subsequent rolling, the upper ends
of the parallel sides are turned towards each other, and a tube like form is

page_text: produced, the edges being in contact, or nearly in contact. The whole opera-
tion may be performed with one pair of fluted rolls. I have found a series of
five grooves sufficient to carry my Invention into effect, but I do not limit
myself to any particular number. Iron rolled according to my Invention is
brought into a tube like form with no greater cost than is required to produce
the flat iron commonly used for making gun barrels and tubes, and it is only
necessary for the gun barrel or tube maker to effect the welding and completion
of the barrel or tube.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SETTING SAWS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Weston and Orlando
Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th March 1856.
We, MATTHEW WESTON and ORLANDO CARTER, of Rochdale, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SETTING SAWS," to be as follows:—
We make a frame of iron or other suitable metal or material to be fastened
to a bench or table with screws or other similar means; a part of the said frame
slides in a slot, to extend itself to suit the size of saw which has to rest on it.
In the said frame we fix a cutter with bevilled or toothed edge, to be worked
either by the hand or foot, which will be understood by the accompanying
2 Sheets of Drawings, in No. 1 Sheet of which the operation is shewn as worked
by the hand, and in No. 2 Sheet by the foot. In No. 1 Sheet, a represents
the saw; b, that part of the frame which slides in and out on which the saw
rests; the teeth of the saw are above the hardened block c. d is a lever,
having a bevilled or toothed edge-cutter e, working on the fulcrum f; the
cutter e can be adjusted according to the pitch of the saw by the set screw g.
In Sheet 2, represents the saw; i, the hardened block; k, the cutter or
presser, with toothed edge, fixed to the sliding rod 1, which is moved down-
wards by the foot in the stirrup m; the return or counter movement is caused
by the spring n. The screw for adjusting the length of the set is shewn at o.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING A MATERIAL USED IN DYEING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1856.—
A communication..
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING A MATERIAL USED IN DYEING," communicated
to me by Mathieu Dauriac, of Toulouse, France, to be as follows:-
The improved means which I use consist in the manufacture of the
"alumish sulphate," by submitting the properly chosen argil to the action of
sulphuric acid. The iron that is always found to stick to the clay is dis-
engaged through the Prussic potash; thus some Prussian blue is accidentally
made which may be either sold or revived. The sulphate being refined and
properly concentred is submitted to the action of ammonia, which may be
poured liquid in the solution of the "alumish sulphate" until the acid has im-
bibed enough; I also obtain this effect by introducing it in the gaseous state
through an apparatus productor of the ammonia, resulting from the action
of the calx upon the ammoniacal waters of gas works. The decomposition
of the alumish salt takes place; it results from the ammoniacal sulphate
that remains in the liquid, and the ammonia in form of jelly will fall. When
in the decomposition the alumen rests at the bottom of the vat, the liquid

page_text: ammoniacal sulphate, by the means of a siphon, is decanted into large leaden
tanks for proceeding to its cristallization. The alumen is afterwards well
washed out, until the water is found to contain no more sulphuric acid; it is
then taken out of the basins, dried, and calcined, not allowing it to get into
red heat. The alumen thus prepared will dissolve in alcalis and acids, and is
fitted to replace in dyeing the alums and "alumish sulphate," the alumen acting
as a corrosive when those salts are employed for the colouring of textures. .
IMPROVE- HENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Farrer Ecroyd, Jonathan
Heyworth, and George Scarr at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd December 1856.
We, the said WILLIAM FARRER ECROYD, of Marsden, in the County of
Lancaster, Worsted Manufacturer, JONATHAN HEYWORTH, of the same Place,
Manager, and GEORGE SCARR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
HENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to the "taking-up" motion. To accomplish
this, we arrange a rod or shaft, over which the cloth passes in contact with the
cloth beam, and upon which there are two levers or arms, one forming tho
holding catch for the ratchet wheel, hereafter mentioned, the other being
formed L shape, and carries at one end a vertical lever or rod, on which is
mounted the working or actuating click; this click acts upon a peculiarly
formed ratchet wheel, the projections being on the face, and arranged in a
radiating direction, so that when the vertical lever or rod aforesaid receives
motion from the lathe sword or other convenient part, the catch acting upon the
ratchet wheel gives motion by a train of wheels to the cloth beam, the variable
motion of the catch above described being produced by the rod in contact with
the increasing diameter of the cloth beam actuating the 1. shaped lever.

page_text: Another part of our Invention relates to the apparatus of looms for pro-
ducing stripes or plain edging lists upon twilled fabrics, and consists in an
arrangement of heddles or harness, whereby the wear and tear is reduced.
For this purpose we mount the heddles for making the shed of the plain or
striped part of the fabric by straps or bands upon friction rollers or pullies, the
motion for the shed being obtained from the upper and lower edges of one of
the ordinary heddles in a direct vertical line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic William Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1856.
FREDERIC WILLIAM RUSSELL, of Aldgate, Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF COUPLING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable railway carriages to be securely
coupled or attached to each other without necessitating the passing of an
attendant between them. For this purpose, I in some cases employ links
similar to the ordinary screw links, and in the centre of the length of the right
and left hand screw thereof I place a worm wheel, which is actuated by a
worm supported in bearings carried by the screw. The axis of the worm is
perforated in the direction of its length by a square hole, through which a bar
or shaft of sufficient length to reach from side to side of the carriages may be
passed. Two attendants, standing one at each side of the carriages, are thereby
enabled to place the links in position on the hooks of the draw bars, and by
turning the bar or shaft to tighten up as required. Or, instead of the worm
and wheel, bevil gearing may be used for communicating motion to the right
and left hand screw. Or, I employ for coupling the carriages a bolt which
slides in a bearing or bearings carried by a lever or levers attached to the end
of each carriage. When the bolt is out of use, this lever or these levers rest

page_text: vertically against the end of the carriage, from-whence, when required, it or
they may be turned down on its or their hinges into a horizontal position, and
the bolt then shot through eyes fixed to the end of the carriage to which it is
attached, and through corresponding eyes attached to the carriage with which
it has to be coupled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING CRAMPS AND LIFTING JACKS."
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Young, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING
CRAMPS AND LIFTING JACKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1856.
1, JOHN YOUNG, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLOORING CRAMPS AND LIFTING JACKS," to be as follows:-
My improvement or improvements in flooring cramps consists in the appli-
cation thereto of the worm and worm wheel, or tangent screw, to effect the
motion of that part of the cramp by which the boards are pressed together.
The arm of the cramp which compresses the boards is a screw, and the screw
box in which it works is made on its edge into a toothed wheel, in which an
endless screw or worm engages. By turning the latter with a winch, the
screw box is made slowly to rotate, and the screw to advance or retire. The
same motion is applicable to lifting jacks; and that part of my Invention
relating to lifting jacks consists in applying the said motion thereto.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HOP BIN OR HOP FRAME
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Christian Davidson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1856.
I, JOSEPH CHRISTIAN DAVIDSON, of Yalding, in the County of Kent,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF HOP BIN OR HOP FRAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of hop bins or temporary re-
ceptacles for the green hops in a manner that will admit of their lateral
contraction, the object being to enable the workmen to carry them through
narrow spaces in the hop field (for the purpose of placing them between the
rows of hops to be picked) without the necessity for removing obstructing hop
poles, and also to allow of the bins being closely packed away when not re-
quired for use. Instead of forming a rigid rectangular frame for carrying the
sacking, I form the ends of the bin frame each of two bars or poles, jointed
together at top and capable of closing on each other or standing out like struts.
These two ends I connect together by cross bars, which extend beyond the
struts and form handles for carrying the bin. To give rigidity to the structure,
I apply rods at the angles to secure the cross bars firmly to the ends of the

page_text: frame. Within this frame a sacking is suspended, which forms the receptacle
for the picked hops. When the receptacle is empty the bin can be closed like
a folding camp stool, and a large number may be piled away in a compara-
tively small space.