matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PACKING MATERIAL
Year: 1885

page_text: I CHARLES HENRY ARNOLD of 67 Shakespeare Street Plymouth Grove Manchester
in the County of Lancaster Salesman do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "AN IMPROVED PACKING MATERIAL," and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to that class of packing material which is composed
principally of woven fabric of flax, jute or other similar fibrous material, and
rendered waterproof by being treated with oil or with a composition consisting of,
or containing the pitchy refuse resulting from the manufacture of cotton seed oil,
or other similar pitchy or tarry materials or compositions containing more or less
vegetable mineral or animal oil or greasy matter.
It has been found by experience that when bales cases or packages enclosed in
this kind of packing material have been submitted to the very powerful hydraulic
pressure now generally employed, more or less of the oily or greasy matter
contained in the waterproof composition used in the manufacture of the packing
material has been forced through the lining paper or papers and great damage and
injury has thereby been done to the woven fabrics or other material contained
in the bales, cases, or packages, thus occasioning great expense and loss. The
grease or oil will also occasionally run through without extra pressure.
My invention is intended to remedy this defect and consists principally in
combining with the waterproof packing material, during the process of manufacture,
a lining of grease proof paper which effectually prevents the oily or greasy matter
contained in the waterproofing composition from running through or from being
forced through by the great pressure employed in packing so as to damage the
goods as above explained.
I manufacture the waterproof packing material in the usual manner and after
the waterproof substance or composition has been applied thereto and whilst the
same is still in an adhesive state I apply to one side thereof a layer of grease proof
paper and pass the two together through a pair of pressing rollers so as to cause
the grease proof paper to adhere closely and smoothly to the waterproof surface.
The combined material is then dried in the usual manner, and it will be found
that goods packed with this combined waterproof and grease proof material (with
the paper side inwards) will not be injured by oily or greasy stains whatever
amount of pressure may be applied in the packing thereof.
en

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
•
.
The combination of grease proof paper with waterproof packing material
substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore particularly set
forth and described.
Improvements in Skates.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in Skates.
I GEORGE POWELL, of 56B, Sheep Street, Northampton, Ironmonger do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES" to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to Improvements in skates and consists in forming them
with a double blade whereby the equilibrium of the wearer is more easily pro-
cured. By my Invention all stress is taken off the ankle, an important feature in
the case of beginners, and the usual freedom of manoeuvring is allowed to experts
on either the inside or outside edge of the skate.
I GEORGE POWELL, of 56B, Sheep Street, Northampton, Ironmonger do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES " to be
as follows:-
11
This Invention relates to Improvements in skates and consists in forming them
with a double blade whereby the equilibrium of the wearer is more easily pro-
cured. By my Invention all stress is taken off the ankle, an important feature in
the case of beginners, and the usual freedom of manoeuvring is allowed to experts
on either the inside or outside edge of the skate.
HUGHES & SON,
Agents for the Petitioner.

page_text: I GEORGE POWELL, 5 Chancery Lane, London W.C do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This Invention relates to Improvements in skates and consists in forming them
with a double blade whereby the equilibrium of the wearer is more easily pre-
served. By my Invention all stress is taken off the ankle, an important feature in
the case of beginners and the usual freedom of manoeuvering is allowed to experts
on either the inside or outside edge of the skate.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention I claim
the Improvements in skates as herein described.
AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR HAND TOOLS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHANN GEORGE FISCHER, Mechanic, of Augsbourg in the Kingdom of
Bavaria, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "AN IMPROVED
HOLDER FOR HAND TOOLS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for object to provide a tool holder suitable for insertion
into a handle by means of which tools may be fixed in a straight central position
their attachment and removal being rapidly effected.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section shewing the tool holder a fixed in the handle b by
driving or pressing it into the recess o.
Fig. 2 shews the tool holder withdrawn from the handle by pressing together or
gripping the two flat sides a¹, a¹, and opened by turning the two parts of which it
is composed on the joint d. 6 are recesses in which the tool is held.
Fig. 3 is a view of the top of the tool holder in the closed position.
The tool holder is made of metal and may be applied to all kinds of handles,
all that is required for this purpose being the provision of a suitable recess c,
therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
A holder for hand tools.consisting of two parts turning on a joint, each part
being provided with a recess for gripping the tool, and having at its outer end a
flattened side, substantially as described and shewn in the accompanying drawing.
Dain &L:- 1041
:
.
CAPITAINE & VON HERTLING,
Agents for the Inventor,
89, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.
Improvement of Sea or other Salts Used for the Purpose of Baths, or in Lieu of Sea Bathing, or for any other Outward Application.
Year: 1885

page_text: An Invention for the Improvement of Sea or other Salts Used
for the Purpose of Baths, or in Lieu of Sea Bathing, or for
any other Outward Application.
I FRANCIS WILLIAM HOLLOWAY of Paddock Hall Road, Haywards Heath in the
County of Sussex Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
for THE IMPROVEMENT OF SEA OR OTHER SALTS to be as follows:-
To add to the salts above named, separately or together Sulphate of Magnesia
(Epsom salts) and Sulphate of Soda (Glauber salts) for the purpose of supplying
or restoring the curative or other beneficial properties which sea or other salts
either do not possess or lose during the process of conversion and granulation.
Dated this sixth day of July 1885

page_text: An Invention for the Improvement of Sea or other Salts Used
for the Purpose of Baths, or in Lieu of Sea Bathing, or for
any other Outward Application.
I FRANCIS WILLIAM HOLLOWAY of Paddock Hall Road Haywards Heath in the
County of Sussex Surveyor do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
THE IMPROVEMENT OF SEA OR OTHER SALTS USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BATHS
OR IN LIEU OF SEA BATHING OR FOR ANY OTHER OUTWARD APPLICATION and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
To add to the sea or other salts above named separately or together Sulphate
of Magnesia (Epsom salts) and Sulphate of Soda-(Glauber salts) or any other
ingredient procured in the sediment of the brine of sea or other salts for the
purpose of supplying or restoring the curative or other beneficial properties which
sea or other salts either do not possess or lose during the process of conversion and
granulation.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The restoration to sea or other salts of the curative and beneficial properties
which are lost or separated in the process of conversion from sea water or brine.
1011
A-1 1006
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING CHALK TO BE USED IN BILLIARD ROOMS
Year: 1885

page_text: I WILLIAM GLASSEY of 54 Victoria Street Liverpool Lancashire Merchant do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR HOLDING CHALK TO BE USED IN BILLIARD ROOMS" to be as follows:-
The object is to provide apparatus by which the chalk for use by billiard players
shall be held and maintained in convenient position, without fear of its being
mislaid or removed.
9.
The apparatus consists essentially in the combination of a clip holder, attached
to a supporting weight by a flexible agent such as a string or chain, a pulley or
pulleys around which the flexible agent passes, and a stop or rest for the supporting
weight,
:
יך
"
Under one modification a single pulley secured to any convenient overhead
bearer is used. The flexible agent extends from the weight around the pulley then
through an eye in or on the weight to the chalk holder. In the above modification
the chalk holder serves as a rest for the weight.
Under a second modification the flexible agent is carried over a double pulley
to prevent the depending ends of the said flexible agent from becoming twisted
together.
Under a third modification the flexible agent is carried over two or more pulleys
and a stop or rest is provided independent of the chalk holder. Such stop or rest
may be attached to the gasalier or to any convenient supporting agent.

page_text: .
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a simple form of apparatus under my invention. a is a
pulley secured to a joist of the ceiling. b is a cord attached to a chalk holder c.
d is a weight also attached to the said cord b. The cord passes around the pulley a
and through the eyes on the weight.
Fig. 2 is a view of a modification of apparatus which I find to answer well in
practice and recommend for general use. Here a frame f secured to a beam or
other overhead bearing carries 2 pulleys a a¹, two cords 6 61 are used. The said
cords are secured to the chalk holder as shown and pass through the centre of the
weight d then b passes around the pulley a, and 6¹ around the pulley a¹ and they
are secured to the weight at g g¹.
Fig. 3 shows a modification of apparatus in which an independent stop or rest is
used, this modification is specially applicable where the room is low. h is a rest
attached to the gaselier. a a¹ pulleys 6 cord. c chalk holder.
The chalk holder is made with spring sides to securely retain the chalk in
nosition.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
The combination of a chalk holder, a weight, a flexible connecting agent and
pulley or pulleys substantially as setforth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1885

page_text: WILLIAM HUGHES, Ahenny Carrick-on-Suir Civil Engineer and JOHN SYLVESTER
HUGHES of 6 Roche Terrace Portmadoc Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of their invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES to be as follows:-
For the purpose of opening letters easily, neatly and safely we fasten on the
inside and along the fold at the top of the Envelope a piece of thread one end of
which would project slightly outside the edge of the Envelope. The thread is
fastened with gum or by other suitable means. The thread can be of any suitable
color and material. To open the letter the envelope is held tight at one corner
and the end of the thread is held between the finger and thumb and pulled
backwards along its length making a clean slit in the envelope and the letter can
then be taken out.
J. S. HUGHES.
WM HUGHES.

page_text: Improvements in Envelopes.
WILLIAM HUGHES Ahenny Carrick on Suir & JOHN SYLVESTER HUGHES ⚫of
6 Roche Terrace Portmadoc, do hereby declare the nature of their invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
For the purpose of opening letters easily, neatly and safely we fasten on the
inside and along the fold at the top of the Envelope a piece of thread one end of
which would project slightly outside the edge of the Envelope. The thread is
fastened with gum or by other suitable means. The thread can be of any suitable
color and material. To open the letter the Envelope is held tight at one corner
and the end of the thread is held between the finger and thumb and pulled
backward along its length making a clean slit in the Envelope and the letter can
then be taken out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim is
The attachment of a thread in the manner and for the purpose herein described,
Improvements in the Methods of Obtaining Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid in the Manufacture of Soda from
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Methods of Obtaining Ammonia and
Hydrochloric Acid in the Manufacture of Soda from
I ALEXANDER MCDOUGALL Gentleman Beech Grove Penrith do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF OBTAINING
AMMONIA AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA FROM SODIUM
CHLORIDE BY THE AMMONIA PROCESS, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In the manufacture of soda from sodium chloride by the ammonia process, the
resulting ammonium chloride is decomposed by lime, which renders the hydrochloric
acid unavailable for the production of chlorine or other purposes.
My Invention consists in substituting magnesia for lime in the decomposition of
the aminonium chloride.
In carrying out my Invention I put the ammonium chloride into any convenient
vessel or retort and add to it rather more than an equivalent of magnesia.
On applying heat the ammonia is liberated, which I convey into an appropriate
receiver, or it may be passed with or without carbonic acid gas into a fresh charge
of sodium chloride.
As soon as the distillate ceases to be alkaline, which will indicate the separation
of the ammonia, the connexion with the ammonia receiver is closed, the heat is
increased and a connexion opened with a hydrochloric acid condenser. Towards
the close of this operation, the hydrochloric acid comes off less freely, I then find it
convenient to increase the heat, stir the mass, and introduce a jet of steam, by which
I remove the last traces of hydrochloric acid from the magnesium chloride and
recover the magnesia in a condition suitable for use in decomposing another charge
of ammonium chloride.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same may be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The treatment of ammonium chloride obtained in the manufacture of soda by the
ammonia process, with magnesia, by which I separate the ammonia and recover the
hydrochloric acid in a condition fit for the production of chlorine or other purposes.
Dated this tenth day of February 1885.
ADDRESS LABELS
Year: 1885

page_text: .
I ALFRED HIGGINS BROADBENT Engineer of 22 Holland St. Fairfield in the
Parish of West Derby Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for ADDRESS LABELS to be as follows:-
I propose to obyiate the inconvenience usually attached to fastening or sticking
address labels to luggage and parcels of all kinds, by making a label which is
capable of being used frequently for different addresses, without being detached
from the package.
To effect this, I take any assigned number of blank address forms, printed
either upon ordinary or waterproof paper, of any convenient size. I attach these
to a piece of metal, millboard, or cardboard of corresponding size by any of the
following means:
By the wire-stitching machine.
By eyelets.
By covering the edges and sides with glue or waterproof cement, and fastening
paper, linen or other fabric, over the surfaces thus covered.
The label after being attached to a package need not be removed, the address
forms being torn off after being used, which can be done. without injury to those
underneath.
Dated this 25th day of September 1885

page_text: I ALFRED HIGGINS BROADBENT of 22 Holland St Fairfield in the Parish of
West Derby Liverpool in the County of Lancaster do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for ADDRESS LABELS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my invention is to obviate the inconvenience usually experienced
in attaching single address labels to all kinds of packages as they may be required,
by binding together a number of blank labels into a solid pad. This is affixed to
the package, and when a fresh address is required, the uppermost or defaced label
is removed thus exposing a fresh one.
Such being the nature of my invention, the following is a complete description
of the same.
An assigned number of blank labels is taken, each of them perforated along
three edges, printed upon either ordinary or waterproof paper. They are placed
one above another, face upwards, upon a piece of millboard cardboard or metal of
equal size, and bound up into a solid pad, in any suitable material with any suitable
material such as bookbinders cloth leather or metal.
The binding covers the back of the pad and also three margins of the front, the
labels, back, and binding are then securely fastened together, by means of wire
staples eyelets or stitching at the edges, in such a manner that the printed portion
of each label may be torn away along the lines of perforations without disturbing
the others.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
The fastening together of a number of address labels so that a defaced one can
always be removed without injury to the others.
all Diseases of the Breast and similar Ailments.
Year: 1885

page_text: all Diseases of the Breast and similar Ailments.
I RICHARD EDWARD REYNOLDS JAMES of Woodland Villa, Birkbeck Road,
Enfield, in the County of Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR OINTMENT FOR
THE CURE OF ALL DISEASES OF THE BREAST AND SIMILAR AILMENTS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved composition or ointment for the
cure of all diseases of the breast and similar ailments such as boils, fistula and other
inflammatory diseases.
The ointment is composed of the following ingredients―
One pound of suet or deer's fat.
Two ounces of yellow resin.
One ounce of bees wax.
Two drachms of Venice Turpentine.
One half-pint of Sweet Oil.

page_text: all Diseases of the Breast and similar Ailments.
I RICHARD EDWARD REYNOLDS JAMES of Woodland Villa, Birkbeck Road,
Enfield. in the County of Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of
this.invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new or improved composition or ointment for the 5
cure of all diseases of the breast and similar ailments such as boils, fistula and other
inflamatory diseases. The ointment is composed of the following ingredients―
One pound of suet or Deers' fat.
Two ounces of yellow resin.
One ounce of Bees' wax.
Two drachms of Venice Turpentine.
One half pint of sweet oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The new or improved composition or ointment for the cure of all diseases of the
breast and similar ailments as herein described.
THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED ANTISEPTIC
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED ANTISEPTIC "
to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of an improved antiseptic product
hereinafter described.
In carrying the said invention into practice I mix two volumes of phenic acid
with one volume of Nordhausen Acid.
If the overheating of the mixture is avoided a syrupy mass is obtained in a few
hours, which mass is almost exclusively composed of ortho-oxyphenylsulphurous
acid with small quantities of meta-oxyphenylsulphurous acid and para-oxyphenyl-
sulphurous acid. This substance which may be dissolved in any proportions in
water or alcohol has all the characteristic reactions of salicylic acid as well as its
antiseptic properties but in a higher degree.
The antiseptic product results from the combination of the said acids with the
bases or ethers, and according to this invention, Isomeric modifications may be
produced by the use of a higher temperature.
Dated this 26th day of August 1885.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of an improved antiseptic product
hereinafter described.
In carrying the said invention into practice I mix say two volumes of phenic
acid with one volume of Nordhausen acid.
If the overheating of the mixture is avoided a syrupy mass is obtained in a few
hours, which mass is almost exclusively composed of ortho-oxyphenylsulphurous
acid with small quantities of meta-oxyphenylsulphurous acid and para-oxypheny-
sulphurous acids. This substance which may be dissolved in any proportions in
water or alcohol has all the characteristic reactions of salicylic acid as well as its
antiseptic properties but in a higher degree.
The antiseptic product results from the combination of the said acids with the
bases or ethers, and according to this invention, Isomeric modifications may be
produced by the use of a higher temperature.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
The improved antiseptic product herein before described.
. Dated this 26th day of May 1886.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
FASTENER FOR WINDOWS TO PREVENT THEM FROM BEING OPENED BEYOND A GIVEN POINT
Year: 1885

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
BENJAMIN JAMES SAUNDERS 38 Ivory Place Brighton Builder, I do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for A FASTENER FOR WINDOWS TO PREVENT
THEM FROM BEING OPENED BEYOND A GIVEN POINT and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:—
To allow Window Sashes to open but a given distance, they can be made
in Brass or Malleable Iron. Figures 1 & 2 indicate checks open to full distance,
A is part screwed to sash. B, is part screwed to frame. E, the slide connected
to A with knuckle joints, & works with the sash, C the stop. Da crosspiece,
rivetted to back of part, marked B, & on top of stop C, to keep slide in its
proper position, can be turned for slide to come out & allow window to open
to its proper distance. Figure 3, key to open same, Figure 4 end view along
F. G of Figure 2. D the crosspiece, C the stop. J is space where slide is worked
in, Figure 5, side view along G H of Figure 2, B, part screwed to sash, C the
stop, D the crosspiece.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The above mentioned check or fastener, in its entirety, to be used for prevention
of entrance in & out of Windows.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LAWN TENNIS SCORING
Year: 1885

page_text: I CHARLES AUDLEY BOWDLER, commercial Clerk, No 44 South Lambeth Road
London do hereby declare the nature of my invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR LAWN TENNIS SCORING to be.as follows:-
The object of this invention is, to show the score made in each court, that is, the
number of strokes, games, and setts, in conspicuous figures, so as to be seen by
the spectators and players. To effect this, I employ six revolving polygon drums,
arranged in two sets, one set of three for each court. One drum of each set shows
the score of the game playing, another the number of games played, and the third
drum the number of setts played. The drums of each set are placed one above the
other, and revolve on spindles, the whole being enclosed in a frame or case the
spindles pass through the sides of the case, and are turned by the person appointed
to mark the game I claim as my invention, the application of revolving drums
for the purpose of registering the various stages of the game of Lawn Tennis.

page_text: CHARLES AUDLEY BOWDLER Commercial Clerk N° 44 South Lambeth Road,
London, I do hereby declare the nature of my invention for LAWN TENNIS SCORING,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my Invention is to show the score made in each court, that is, the
score of the game playing, the number of games and the number of sets played in
large and conspicuous numbers, so as to be seen by the spectators and players.
To effect this I employ six revolving polygon drums, of wood or other material,
arranged in two sets of three, one set for each court. One drum of each set shows
the score of the game playing, another the number of games and the third drum
the number of sets played. The drums of each set are placed one above the other,
and revolve on Iron spindles, and the whole enclosed in a wood case. The numbers
showing the scores are painted. on the facets of the drums and are seen through the
openings in the front of the case. Each drum has a separate spindle, one set of
drums are fixed to the spindles, one end of which passes through the side of the
case having a bolthead, and squar shoulder, on which a wood disc, or handle is
fixed by which the spindles are turned by the person marking the game. The
other set of drums have wood pulleys fixed to them and are turned by endless
bands passing over corresponding pulleys on separate spindls, these spindls are
turned by wood discs similar to the other set, so that each of the six drums are
turned by one of these six discs on the same side of the case.
I claim as my Invention, the application of revolving drums for the purpose of
registering the various stages of the game of Lawn tennis.
and other Papers, or the like.
Year: 1885

page_text: and other Papers, or the like.
I, THOMAS CROWTHER, of 8 Townend Street, York, in the County of York,
Plumber and Glazier, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide simple and efficient means of readily
binding or fastening together a number of sheets or leaves of paper, or of holding
a single paper or periodical so that it may be conveniently read.
For this purpose, I provide a holder having, in cross section, the form of a tube
with an opening or slot through it. This opening or slot may extend through the
whole or only a part of the length of the tube, which may be of metal or other
material and may be provided, or not, with an extension or part to form a handle.
Paper to be bound or held together is inserted in the tube so that it projects from
the slot or opening thereof and a rod or long pin is inserted into the tube so as to
be surrounded by the paper and prevent its leaving the tube in a lateral direction.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings, Fig. 1 shows in
elevation the slotted tube and holder and Fig. 2 shows the rod or pin. Fig. 3 is
a transverse section of the slotted tube and Fig. 4 shows to an enlarged scale, a
transverse section of the slotted tube with a sheet of paper and the rod or pin in
position to retain the paper in the tube or holder.
A is the tube, B the slot or opening therein, C the rod or pin, and D the paper.
It is desirable that the length of the slot or opening should be equal to the depth
of the largest sheet of paper or other material, the apparatus is intended to hold,
though it is not absolutely necessary that it should be so long. It will be evident
that by prolonging the tube in the form of a handle, for example, as represented
in Figure 5, the apparatus will form a convenient holder for papers whilst being
read. When it is desired to bind or fasten together a number of different papers
in consecutive order, the edges thereof should be doubled as indicated in Figure 6.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The improved binder or holder with or without a prolongation or handle,
substantially as described and shewn for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 19th day of October 1885.
THOMAS CROWTHER.
PURPOSE OF MINIMISING THE SLIP OR WASTED ENERGY OF THE PROPELLERS AND PADDLE WHEELS OF SHIPS AND BOATS PROPELLED BY STEAM OR ANY OTHER MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1885

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, FRANCIS JAMES COMMON of 5 Elms: West, Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Iron Merchant and Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for THE PURPOSE OF MINIMISING THE SLIP OR WASTED ENERGY OF THE PROPELLERS
AND PADDLE WHEELS OF SHIPS AND BOATS PROPELLED BY STEAM OR ANY OTHER
MOTIVE POWER to be as follows:-
:
For propellers, by a cylinder or tube, straight, tapered, curved, or otherwise,
fitted round the propeller and attached thereto or separate, if separate to be
fastened and stayed to hulls and stern frames, and to be constructed of any suitable
material, built, cut, cast, or forged, and the tube to be cylindrical, elliptical, or with
any number of sides.
:
.
For paddle wheels, by side pieces constructed of any suitable material, projecting
below, abaft, and forward of wheels, together with bottom pieces underneath the
wheels.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I FRANCIS JAMES COMMON of 5 Elms West, Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Iron Merchant and Agent do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for THE PURPOSE OF MINIMISING THE SLIP OR WASTED ENERGY OF PROPELLERS &
PADDLE WHEELS OF SHIPS & BOATS PROPELLED BY STEAM OR ANY OTHER MOTIVE
POWER, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
For propellers by a cylinder or tube straight, tapered, curved or otherwise &
of various lengths suitable to the circumstances, fitted round the propeller and
attached thereto, or cast thereon, or separate, position of which is shown in drawing
herewith, excepting for twin screws, which would need a cylinder round each
propeller, similarly fitted.
If separate to be fastened and stayed to hulls & stern frames, & to be constructed
of any suitable material, built, cut, cast, or forged, and the tube to be cylindrical,
elliptical or with any number of sides.
For paddle wheels by side pieces constructed of any suitable material, projecting
below, abaft & forward of the wheels, or together with bottom pieces, with the
sides stayed to each other, position of which is shown in drawing herewith.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said Invention, & in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what I claim is
1st That the slip or wasted energy will be materially lessened, & propellers &
paddles protected thereby.
2nd That the speed will be increased, or the driving power reduced.
3rd That consequently a great saving will be effected.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BUTTONS & THE METHOD OF ATTACHING THEM TO CLOTHING
Year: 1885

page_text: I, CHARLES EBENEZER CHALLIS, of N° 8 The Paragon, Hackney, Middlesex,
Bellfounder &c, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUTTONS & THE METHOD OF ATTACHING THEM TO CLOTHING to be as
follows:-
For attaching my Button to clothing I use a rivet having a large head & the
shank or stem pointed; this is thrust through the cloth from the inside-Upon
the shank is then placed the button, which has a small hole in the centre for the
shank of rivet to pass through & a projecting surface on the back corresponding
with the under side of head of rivet, so that the cloth may be firmly held between
them. The shank of rivet protruding beyond button is then struck with a hammer
till level with face of button.
The rivet simply opening web of cloth without breaking it & there being a
comparatively large surface of cloth held between button & rivet head, it is almost
impossible to pull or tear off the button-There is also a great saving of time in
fixing; over the ordinary method of sewing on-The button may be similarly
attached to Boots, gloves, &c &c.
Manufacture of the Sulphites and Bisulphites of the Alkalies and Alkaline Earths.
Year: 1885

page_text: Manufacture of the Sulphites and Bisulphites of the Alkalies
and Alkaline Earths.
I PETER HART of Clayton Chemical Works near Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention, for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHUROUS ACID FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE
" and in
SULPHITES AND BISULPHITES OF THE ALKALIES AND ALKALINE EARTHS
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Hitherto the sulphurous acid for the manufacture of the sulphites and bisulphites
of the alkalies and alkaline earths has been produced either by the combustion of
sulphur or by the action of sulphuric acid on carbon or on carbonaceous matter and
in either case the product is largely contaminated or mixed with inert gas or gases
which greatly retard its absorption by solvents.
Now my invention consists of a method of producing this necessary sulphurous
acid in a practically pure state and this I do by acting as hereinafter described by
means of strong sulphuric acid upon any of the sulphides whether artificially
prepared or as found in nature in the form of sulphides of iron, copper, lead,
bismuth, tin, antimony, zinc, nickel, cobalt, or arsenic.
I carry out my invention practically as follows; In treating bisulphide of iron
for example I place into a cast iron retort a sufficient quantity say one ton of
sulphuric acid of about the density 1.750 (specific gravity) and to this I add about
one sixth of a ton of finely ground bisulphide of iron commonly known as Iron
Pyrites, I then apply heat and when the temperature has reached about 400 degrees
Fahrenheit a steady stream of nearly pure sulphurous acid gas is evolved which
after passing through a suitable cooling worm or other arrangement to condense
the water vapour and any little sulphuric acid which may accompany it can be led
into any of the many systems of apparatus known to chemical engineers and
others, for absorbing gases, such apparatus being charged with or containing the
alkaline solution or water with alkaline earth or earthy carbonate suspended, or the
dry or moist alkali, alkaline earth or carbonate.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The production of sulphurous acid for the preparation of the sulphites or
Bisulphites of the alkalies or alkaline earths, by the action of sulphuric acid on
any of the sulphides before named substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
GEORGE DAVIES,
Agent for the Applicant,
St. Ann's Square, Manchester.
A HIGH PRESSURE SELF CLOSING .COCK
Year: 1885

page_text: JOHN FRIEND C North Bridge Exeter Plumber & Gas Fitter, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for A HIGH PRESSURE SELF CLOSING .COCK to be as
follows:-
The cock is made with a straight cylinder in which are two cup leathers (C)
attached to a spindle (D) When the lever (F) is depressed the cock is open and
the water passes through the holes (G) in the inlet, between the cup leathers and
down through the holes (H) in the sides of cylinder On releasing the lever the
force of water drives up the cup leathers and closes the cock.

page_text: JOHN FRIEND 6 North Bridge Exeter Plumber and Gas Fitter do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for AN HIGH PRESSURE SELF CLOSING COCK, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This cock (in various shapes) is made with a straight cylinder in which are one
or more cup leathers (or other suitable material) attached to a spindle D. When
the lever, crutch or screw is depressed the water passes through the inlet G
between the cup leathers C and C thence through the outlet H On releasing the
lever crutch or screw the force of water drives up the cup leathers with spindle and
closes the cock. When this cock is used for a Buoy valve the under cup leather C°
is reversed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The straight cylinder without any seatings as herein described.
2. One or more cup leathers as herein described.
Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Locks and Latches.
Year: 1885

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Locks
and Latches.
We GEORGE DAWES and RICHARD DAWES Mount Pleasant, Willenhall in the
County of Stafford Lock and Latch Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of
our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOCKS AND LATCHES,
to be as follows:-.
In reversing or turning the heads of Shuts or Bolts in all kinds of Locks and
night Latches by pushing up the knob of bolt marked B (in the accompanying
drawing) and turning its head H (marked as above) round when placed level with
the bolt hole in Latch. It then becomes self adjusting thus rendering it
unnecessary for removing the caps of Latches or knobs of the bolt. To be worked
with either spiral steel spring or others attached to the lever L (marked in the
drawing) that protects the bolt from being displaced. The Bolt can be reversed
when fixed on door if required without removing latch from same.
GEORGE DAWES.
RICHARD DAWES.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Locks
and Latches.
We GEORGE DAWES and RICHARD DAWES, Mount Pleasant, of Willenhall in the
County of Stafford, Lock and Latch Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The drawing of the latch sent with the enclosed specification has the following
additions which have not heretofore been introduced into the art of latch and lock
making. An arm (numbered 1) is placed in the latch which prevents the bolt
flying out too far in the ordinary work the bolt has to perform when fixed on to a
door. A small stump (numbered 2) is placed also inside the latch to prevent the
arm going too far back so as not to interfere with the action of the bolt. The bolt
(numbered 3.) can be turned either ways for in or outside doors without taking the
latch to pieces as in ordinary latches the bolt heads are made stationary—the bolt
head working on a pivot placed in the centre of the head of the bolt.
And having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
we claim is:-
1st The placing of the arm in the latch to prevent the bolt going out too far
and to keep same in its proper place.
2nd The placing of the small stump inside the latch to prevent the arm going
too far back by the pressure of the spring above the same.
3rd The placing of the head of the bolt which causes it when forced out to turn
one way or the other for in or outside doors.
· Dated this thirty first day of March 1886.
for Weaving, which Improvement is also Applicable for Treating Buffalo Hide for other Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: for Weaving, which Improvement is also Applicable for
Treating Buffalo Hide for other Purposes.
I JAMES GREEN of Ewood Mill Blackburn in the County of Lancaster Cotton
Spinner and Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF PICKERS USED IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR TREATING BUFFALO
HIDE FOR OTHER PURPOSES" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The usual process of treating or seasoning pickers made from buffalo hide,
previously to their being used in looms for weaving, has been to soak them in a
vessel containing sperm oil, neatsfoot oil or other fatty, or greasy oil of an animal
or vegetable nature, for a space of about three months, after which they were hung
up to dry for about the same time before using in the loom.
The object of my invention is to simplify this treatment, to shorten the time and
to cause the oil to penetrate more thoroughly into the hide than it does by the
mere process of soaking.
My invention consists in placing the pickers.(or other articles made of buffalo
hide) in a closed vessel containing the greasy or fatty oil with which they are to be
saturated and then applying thereto mechanical or other pressure either by
pumping or otherwise so as to force the oil to penetrate the hide completely to the
centre.
The pickers or other articles made from the buffalo bide are allowed to remain in
the oil under pressure until they are completely permeated therewith, and it will be
found that in about two days or less they will be more perfectly saturated with
the oil than they would have been in three months under the old method of
soaking as hitherto practised.
I do not intend to confine myself to the use of any particular greasy or fatty
oil, nor to any particular degree of pressure but I may here state that I have found
neats foot oil compressed to about three hundred pounds to the square inch to
answer the purpose perfectly for pickers and to penetrate the hide thoroughly to
the centre in less than two days.

page_text: The vessel may be made of wrought or cast iron or other metal of a sufficient
strength to resist the pressure required and must be fitted with a gauge to indicate
such pressure and with a tight fitting cover for closing the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
"
The treatment of pickers or other articles made from buffalo hide by immersing
them in greasy or fatty oil under pressure substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein before more particularly set forth and described.
GEORGE DAVIES,
Agent for the Applicant,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester.
PREPARATION FOR THE CURE OF CORNS
Year: 1885

page_text: I EDWARD POHL of Berne Switzerland Pharmaceutical Chemist do hereby
declare the nature of my invention of A PREPARATION FOR THE CURE OF CORNS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The
My invention consists of a new preparation for the eradication of corns.
specific is composed of the following ingrediants-Salicylic Acid, 50 grammes
(800 grains) Extractum Cannabis Indica (extract of Indian Hemp) 10 grammes
(160 grains) Terebinthia Veneta (Venice Turpentine) 40 grammes (640 grains)
Collodium Duplex (Collodion concentrated) 500 grammes (8000 grains) Oleum
Ricini (Castor Oil) 10 grammes (160 grains). These ingrediants are mixed together
and put into a bottle The cork of the bottle has a Camel's Hair brush fitted into
it with which the liquid is applied to the corn or part affected morning and evening
for six to eight days A warm foot-bath should then be taken when the corn will
come completely away without pain. A little oil should be applied to the place
where the corn existed The specific should be kept in a dark and cool place In
cases of old corns the operation must be repeated if the first application was not
sufficiently effectual.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The Medicinal Compound prepared as herein described used as and for the
purposes set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND HOLDERS
Year: 1885

page_text: HENRY EDWARD BROWN Coach Builder Redmonds Hill Dublin, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND HOLDERS,
to be as follows:
The nature of my invention consists in securing the Lamps by a Sliding plate
instead of the present holder, thereby securing greater steadiness to the Lamps,
and dispensing with the present holders and Staples, and preventing the possibillity
of Lamp Sockets being lost and securing the Lamp always in its position either
with Spring Screw or suitable fastner..

page_text: Sockets being lost and securing the Lamps always in their position, either with
Spring Screw or other suitable fastning, secured to the Lamp Irons and such
fastning not to be in any way permananty attached to the body of Lamp. My
invention consists in having an additional or second bottom to the Lamp which
forms a case for the holder or iron to slide in, said holder is made square and held
in its place with Spring or fastning-see drawings annexed.