matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES HAVING REMOVEABLE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1879. A
communication from abroad by Michael Weynand, of Trier, in the German
Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES HAVING REMOVEABLE RECEPTACLES." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Michael Weynand, of Trier, in the German Empire.]
The
This Invention relates to that description of privies in which the fecal matters
are received in a receptacle which when full is hermetically closed and removed.
According to the present improvements the receptacle is provided with a restricted
opening or neck into which fits the neck of a pan which is fixed to the seat, the
latter being made to turn on a hinge at the back, so that when it together with
the pan is raised the receptacle is free to be removed. For this purpose the
receptacle either rests on a truck provided with wheels, or it is made to slide out
on rails. It may either run on the floor of the building, in which case the seat is
gained by steps that are removeable in order to draw out the receptacle, or this
may be sunk in the floor and be removed in any other convenient manner.
neck of the pan is made to fit the neck of the receptacle with indiarubber or other
suitable packing to form a gas tight joint. A branch tube leads from the side of
the pan either to an existing chimney flue or to a specially constructed flue for
leading off any gases that may be generated in the receptacle, and in order that
the draught thus produced may not be inconvenient to any one using the closet, a
slide is provided in the tube which is connected by links and levers to the cover of
the seat, so that when the cover is raised the cominunication with the flue is closed.
The opening and closing of the seat cover is effected by means of a lever which is
also connected to a latch or bolt for closing the door, which latch is so arranged
that when the lever is moved so as to raise the cover the latch closes the door, so
that this cannot be opened to allow the occupier to leave the closet until he has
closed the cover and opened the flue slide by means of the lever.
A cap is provided for hermetically closing the receptacle when it is removed to
be emptied.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEASURING STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND LIKE VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Noel Mackay and Alfred
Edward Weston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th
December 1879.
FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and ALFRED EDWARD WESTON, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEASURING STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND LIKE VESSELS."
The said Invention relates more especially to stoppers for bottles or vessels
containing medicines or other liquids or substances which require to be measured
as they are removed, and which may be liable to deteriorate in quality by
exposure to the atmosphere.
The object is to provide a stopper so constructed that definite quantities of the
contents of the said bottles or vessels may be measured off and removed without
bringing the said contents into direct communication with the atmosphere.
In carrying the said Invention into practice an internal hollow stopper of
sufficient size to contain the required quantity of the said contents to be measured
off and removed is employed. The end of the said internal hollow stopper fits into
an outer stopper, closing the neck of the bottle or vessel. The said inner and outer
stoppers are constructed or formed with openings, which are brought opposite to
cach other by giving to the inner stopper a partial notion of rotation on its axis.
When the said openings are together the contents of the said bottle or vessel can
flow into and all the inner stopper. The exterior end of the inner stopper is
constructed or formed with an opening or openings, which is closed when desired by
means of a stopper or valve or other device. When the said opening or openings
are uncovered the measured contents of the said stopper are free to flow away.
AN IMPROVED FRICTION CLUTCH, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A BREAK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Burton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1879. [A communi-
cation from Edouard Hennequin, of Paris, 4, Nue de Rys.]
CHARLES WILLIAM BURTON, of the Societe A. Burton et fils, of Paris, .Con-
structors. "AN IMPROVED FRICTION CLUTCH, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A BREAK." [A
communication from Edouard Hennequin, of Paris, 4, Nue de Rys.]
This Invention relates to an improved construction of friction clutch, applicable
also as a break, which is of the following description. On the axis of a wheel or
pulley that has to be driven by the clutch or loosed therefrom, or that has to be
retarded or stopped by the break friction, or released, is fitted a boss having its
circumference shaped as two eccentric or volute segments fitting respectively the
interior surfaces of two loose segments that die in a recess between the boss and a
projecting rim or flange of the wheel or pulley, and that have their outer circum-
ferences of cylindrical form fitting the interior surface of the said rim. A handle is
provided by which the boss can be turned in the one direction or the other, and in
the two spaces between the loose segments are placed springs. On turning the boss
in the one direction its eccentric segments exert a wedge like action forcing outwards
the loose segments and causing them to press against the interior of the rim of the
wheel or pulley, which is thus by the frictional hold of the segments on it caused to
revolve with the axis when the axis rotates, or which is retarded or stopped if the
axis be at rest.
IMPROVED METHOD OF DEMAGNETIZING IRON SHIPS OR COMPOSITE SHIPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by Evan Henry Hopkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1879.
EVAN HENRY HOPKINS, of Holy Trinity Vicarage, Richmond, Surrey. “IMPROVED
METHOD OF DEMAGNETIZING IRON SHIPS OR COMPOSITE SHIPS."
This Invention consists in the application of electro magnets of a special con-
struction to the framework of iron ships or to the iron framework or structure of
composite ships.
The electro magnets consist of hollow bobbins wound with (by preference) copper
wire, through which aro passed iron cores of various lengths, the cores being by
preference composed of bundles of soft iron wire.
The electro magnets are placed over the iron beams or girders, the vertical ribs,
and such other portions of the framework or structure of the ship as are found to
require demagnetization.
A MORE DURABLE METHOD OF MAKING DOUBLE AND SINGLE ACTION SPRING HINGES FOR DOORS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by William Heatley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1879.
WILLIAM HEATLEY, of 3, Clifton Square, Albert Road, Peckham, S.E. "A
MORE DURABLE METHOD OF MAKING DOUBLE AND SINGLE ACTION SPRING HINGES
FOR DOORS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION."
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 is a
plan of the hinge. A is a segmental plane attached to the base or foot of hinge, so
as to make an angle of about thirty five degrees with the centre pin C that receives
the shoc. B is a roller attached to the lower end of a piston D, and travelling
when the door is in motion up the plane; F is a flaunge at the upper end of the
piston, and regulating the depth of the same; G is a boss attached to the shoe,
through which the orifice to receive the piston is made, and long enough to allow
of the cap I that incases the vulcanized rubber spring J to be fastened to it; His
a movable circular plate in lower part of cap and seating on the flaunge of the
piston, and so formed that it will keep the spring in position and protect it from
being twisted when screwing down the cap. Fig. 3 is a section of the piston made to
an oval or oblong shape to prevent friction, and also to avoid displacement of position
of roller attached to the lower end when in motion. Fig. 4 is the piston showing
position of roller. L, Fig. 5, is a plate to be let in flush with under side of door
frame head, and a cavity is formed therein to receive centre pin K attached to the
lower plate, which plate is screwed on to upper edge of door. The action of this
hinge is as follows, vis. When the door is opened the roller, travelling up the
plane as before described, forces the piston upwards, and compresses the vulcanized
rubber or other springs, and when the door is released the said vulcanized rubber
or other springs will expand and close the door.
The claims for this Invention are, viz.,-
Firstly. The form and application of the piston as preventing friction and
avoiding displacement of roller when the door is in motion."
Secondly. The vulcanized rubber or other springs in connection with the piston.
Thirdly. Simplicity of construction, and its adaptability to any door, either as
single or double action.
Fourthly. The manufacture of the hinge in any metal and to any shape or
form.
& Fifthly. The spring in any shore As from
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO WATCHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1879.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, Old Chester Road, Rock Ferry, in the County of Chester,
Watch Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO WATCHES."
This Invention relates principally to keyless watches, and has for its object to Bo
construct the case and attach the movement thereto that the cost of production
shall be considerably diminished, the liability of dust and dirt ontering and getting
amongst the works prevented, and easy access obtained for regulating.
For the above purpose I construct the back and band or sides of the case in ono
piece, and I hinge or join the movement to the said case in the front at a point
nearly opposite to the pendant, so that the said movement opens from and closes
into the case in such manner that the pinion on stem winding apparatus will freely
engage and disengage with the necessary wheel or wheels on the movement. When
closed the movement is held in position by a spring bolt or its equivalent fitted
preferably on or in the band of the case, and engaging into the pillar plate of the
movement, although such bolt may be dispensed with.
The bezel fits or snaps on to the case in the usual manner, although I prefer to
undercut the pendant and insert one edge of the bezel thereunder, and snap down
the other edge, more especially when the bezel is depended upon to retain the
movement in its place.
In hunting watches the bezel cannot be fitted under an undercut pendant; I
therefore prefer in this case to use the spring bolt for securing the movement in
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING STAIR OR OTHER RODS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Thomas Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1879.
CALEB THOMAS HILL, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING STAIR OR OTHER RODS."
The principal object of this Invention is so to secure stair rods that they cannot
become loose or get out of place, which is a frequent cause of accident when the
stair rods are merely slipped through metal eyes, one near to each end as ordinarily
practised.
Instead of having the rods a few inches longer than the distance between the two
eyes or supports as usual, I cut them only about three quarters of an inch longer.
One of the supports is bored only partly through (say about three eighths of an inch),
so that the end of the rod cannot pass out; the other support is bored quite through
so that the rod can be introduced through it, and its end passed into the recess of
the other. The rod is such a length that when in this position the end does not
project through the open support, and the outer side of the latter is provided with
a cap, either turning on a pivot or sliding in a groove so as to close the opening and
prevent the rod from coming out till the cap is turned or moved out of the way.
For the sake of uniformity, the outer side of the other or closed support is furnished
or made with a fixed cap to match the movable one on the open support.
I would here remark that this improvement is also applicable for securing blind
rollers, picture rods, curtain rods, and for other similar purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CHARGING BOTTLES WITH AERATED WATERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sarah Thwaites at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1879. A communication from
abroad by Victor Isidore Feeny, of Boulogne (Seine), France.
SARAH THWAITES, of No. 128, New Kent Road, in the County of Surrey,
Mineral Water Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
CHARGING BOTTLES WITH AERATED WATERS." [A communication from abroad
by Victor Isidore Feeny, of Boulogne (Seine), France.]
This Invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of a machine for
filling bottles with aerated waters, whereby the process is greatly facilitated.
According to this Invention a hollow spindle is supported on a shaft upon the top of
an upright pillar or post, in suitable bearings in which it can revolve, and to one
end of this shaft is attached a cross piece or arm, whilst the other is connected
by means of an ordinary union or other suitable device, to the supply pipe or inlet.
In the centre of this cross piece or arm is a valve, communicating with the supply
inlet by the passage through the shaft or hollow spindle, which valve has on its
underside a bell mouthed opening, into which the neck or mouth of the bottle is
inserted for the purpose of being filled. At the lower end of the cross piece or arm
a spring table or lift is arranged for the purpose of carrying the foot or bottom of
the bottle, whilst a moveable counter weight at the other or upper end serves to
balance the whole. The table or lift is furnished with a lever or handle, by means
of which it can be readily depressed or withdrawn from under the bottle, when it is
required to remove the same upon being filled. By means of an adjustable spring
this table or lift is pressed in an upward direction, whereby the bottle is forced up
within the bell mouth attached to the supply valve, and against an india-rubber
or other suitable washer secured within the same. By this arrangement of the
table or lift, the air within the bottle can readily be permitted to escape. A
suitable guard of copper, perforated zinc, or other suitable material, is also
provided to partially enclose the bottle during the process of filling.
The machine is extremely simple in its construction, and the bottles can be
rapidly filled and withdrawn by a boy or girl, thus saving a considerable sum in
the cost usually incurred.
AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF PREVENTING BOOTS OR SHOES FROM SLIPPING, AND IN THE MANNER OF FIXING OR FASTENING THE REQUISITE APPLIANCE TO THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Boyd Thornton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1879.
GEORGE BOYD THORNTON, of Edinburgh, Scotland, India rubber and Waterproof
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED MODE OR METHOD OF PREVENTING BOOTS OR
SHOES FROM SLIPPING, AND IN THE MANNER OF FIXING OR FASTENING THE
REQUISITE APPLIANCE TO THE SAME."
My Invention has for its object the prevention of accidents from slipping on
roads or pavements, and consists in fixing to the heel of the boots or shoes an
appliance constructed in the manner hereinafter described; for this purpose a piece
of india rubber is cut or formed to correspond with the size and shape of the bottom
surface of the heel, and of about three sixteenths of an inch in thickness, and deeply
grooved transversely, or pointed, or roughened in any way, so that the bearing
surface shall not be smooth, thereby making in or on the under or bearing surface
of the india rubber a series of angular corrugations, or ribs, or points, or roughness
in any shape. The india rubber is firmly fastened to a piece of leather or other
suitable material of corresponding shape, which together with the said india rubber
forms a kind of supplementary heel; or this heel may be wholly composed of india
rubber combined with the fastener hereinafter referred to. The supplementary heel
so constructed is fixed to the heel of the boot or shoe by means of a thin bar of
iron or other suitable metal screwed or otherwise fastened to the said piece of
leather, such bar having its front or inner end turned up and formed with a sharp
edge adapted to enter the front or inner edge of the heel of the boot. At the back
of the heel the said iron bar is bent or turned up at right angles a short distance,
and provided with a hole through which a screw works; on tightening this screw
the cutting edge in front of the heel is forced into that part of the heel, and the
appliance is thereby firmly fastened to the heel of the boot, so as to form a con-
venient treading surface for the same.
If preferred springs or other modes of fixing the supplementary beel on to the
boot or shoe may be substituted for the screw, such as a steel spring fixed on to the
front of the supplementary heel, which when pressed against the front of the leather
heel on the boot or shoe, will give way sufficiently to allow the leather heel on the
boot or shoe to fit into the space made for it in the supplementary heel. The above
described supplementary heel composed of an india rubber heei combined with a
metal fastener can be readily applied to the heel of a boot or shoe so as to remove
the ordinary liability to slip on a road or pavement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC GAS BURNERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1879. A communication
from Louis Horst, of Linz on the Rhine, and Georg Dahm, of Cologne on the
Rhine, both in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at Frank-
fort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC GAS
BURNERS." [A communication from Louis Horst, of Linz on the Rhine, and Georg
Dahm, of Cologne on the Rhine, both in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to that class of automatic gas burner which effects the
ignition or the putting out of the flame, as the case may be, by the increase
and decrease of gas pressure, any number of which burners may be operated at one
time.
In carrying out the Invention communicated to me, two vertical copper pipes
are employed connected together at their lower ends. To the upper end of one of
these pipes is attached a metal vessel provided with a gas burner, the other pipe
being connected to the gas supply.
Within the said vessel is placed a bent metal pipe, attached at its lower end to a
hole in the bottom of the said vessel at the place where the herein before described
pipe enters. The top of the said bent pipe is not closed but is bent towards one
side of the vessel for the purpose hereinafter described. The lower part of the bent
pipe is perforated. In the neck of the hereinbefore described vessel is fixed a
ferrule or cap, closed at its lower end and open at the top, and provided with three,
four, or other suitable number of holes in its side.
If the hereinbefore described vertical pipes be now partly filled with glycerine it
will be placed under normal gas pressure, the gas entering at the hereinbefore
described pipe connected to the gas supply. If the pressure be now increased
the glycerine will rise from the pipes through the bent pipe into the herein-
before described vessel. The gas is thus allowed free passage to the burner, where
it is ignited by means of a small flame constantly burning. As soon as the
pressure diminishes the glycerine passes through the perforations of the bent pipe
back into the vertical pipes, thus stopping the supply of gas and putting out the
flame.

page_text: It will be understood that the quantity of glycerine placed in the apparatus must
be regulated in proportion to the gas pressure and the position of the burner; it is
also to be understood that the fluid will always stand higher in the burner tube
than in the other vertical tube. The ferrule or cap serves to prevent the glycerine
from passing into the burner, and the hereinbefore described pipe bent towards the
side of the vessel tends to further this object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1879. A communication
from abroad by Charles Carroll Doten, of Plymouth, Massachusetts, in the
United States of America.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWS." [A communication
from abroad by Charles Carroll Doten, of Plymouth, Massachusetts, in the United
States of America.]
This Invention relates to a certain construction of the head of a screw to adapt
it to act as a reamer, and make a place for itself in the material into which it is to
be driven, so that the head may be flush with the surface of the material in which
the screw is used.
This object is accomplished by making the screw with small cutting or rasping
surfaces on the under face of the head, extending from the barrel or smooth portion
of the screw to the top periphery of the head, the cutting flanges being greater
at the bottom, and decreasing towards the top, where they disappear. I do not
limit myself to any particular number of cutting or rasping surfaces; six would
however be ordinarily the proper number.
These cutting surfaces all have their edges facing in the same direction, that is
to say, in the direction in which they serve to cut away the wood when the screw
is driven home.
In the manufacture of these screws the use is recommended of either solid or
open dies as now employed in the manufacture of rivet and screw blanks, the part
of the die which forms the under surface of the head being provided with
indentations of the form necessary to make the cutting surfaces on the under sido
of the screw head; but the Invention is not confined to such method.
The operation of a screw constructed in accordance with this Invention is as
follows:-
A hole is made for the screw in the ordinary way, and when the screw has been
driven in up to the head, the cutting or rasping surfaces above mentioned cut or
rasp away the material into which the screw is driven, so as to ream out a space

page_text: .
for the head. By the use of this screw a reamer or any other implement for
making a place for the head of the screw is rendered unnecessary, and the headof
the screw cuts a place for itself. It will be found that this result is attained with
ease, and that screws thus constructed may be driven with much greater rapidity
and less labor than when they are constructed and driven in the ordinary way.
IMPROVED SYSTEM OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patrick Quinn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1879.
" AN
JOHN PATRICK QUINN, of Newport, in the County Mayo, Ireland.
IMPROVED SYSTEM OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING."
My said Invention has for its object an improved system of railway signalling,
whereby such signalling may be carried on with safety and accuracy and in a simple
manner, and is especially applicable in foggy weather. According to the first part.
of my Invention signals are made on the locomotive of a train while in motion,
which mode of signalling may be employed either in lieu of or as an auxilliary
to the usual post system at present in use.
For this purpose
I mount a suitably constructed apparatus (the principal
features of which are a gong and two signal dials) in a convenient position on the
locomotive, so that the same may be as much as possible under the observation of
the engine driver; a lever is secured in the top portion of this apparatus, one end
of which strikes on a gong, and the other end is connected with a vertical rod or
shaft, which descends through a vertical tube or pipe and rests on the upper edge
of a semicircular disc, which latter plays in a suitable slot in the frame work or
floor of the engine, the semicircular part of the disc being turned downwards, and
having one of its sides hinged to the frame work or Hoor of the engine. This
apparatus I call for convenience the "alarm."
The second part of my Invention relates to an apparatus or contrivance suitably
arranged on the permanent way, and consists of a semicircular disc operating in
suitable framework in such a manner that it can readily be thrown upwards by
the signalman with the aid of the ordinary signal gear, or caused to lie level with
The action of my
the permanent way when no signal is required to be made.
Invention may be thus described-When it is desired to convey a signal to
an approaching train, the signal man causes the last described apparatus, which
for convenience I call the "riser" to be elevated, and in its elevated position
it will present the convex or semicircular portion of its disc to the corresponding
convex or semicircular part of the disc attached to the frame work of the engine
when the train is passing, and by this contact the said engine disc will be suddenly
thrown upwards, causing the above described vertical rod or shaft to shoot upwards

page_text: also and sound the bell or gong of the alarm, thus indicating to the engine
driver that a signal has been made. For each signal, such as "caution,” “danger,”
&c., there must be a separate "alarm" mounted on the engine, and also a corre-
sponding "riser" constructed on the permanent way.
Two dials are introduced to the apparatus called the alarm on which indicators
play, and are acted on by the vertical rod or shaft in its upward thrust when a
signal is being made.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR REPRODUCING OR TRANSMITTING THE DETAILS OR PARTICULARS OF PLANS, MAPS, DIAGRAMS, SKETCHES, SURVEYS, OR OUTLINE DRAWINGS OF ANY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Arber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1879.
WILLIAM HENRY ARBER, of Leytonstone, in the County of Essex, Architect.
"IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR REPRODUCING OR TRANSMITTING THE DETAILS OR
PARTICULARS OF PLANS, MAPS, DIAGRAMS, SKETCHES, SURVEYS, OR OUTLINE
DRAWINGS OF ANY DESCRIPTION."
This Invention has for its object the reproducing at a distance, or transmitting
the details or particulars of plans, maps, diagrams, sketches, or outline-drawings of
any description.
In carrying out my Invention, I proceed mainly as follows:-
I make or impress on pieces of metal, paper, or other substance by suitable
machinery, diagrams to a known scale, said diagrams being divided into sectional
parts, such parts being of the proportions required.
These diagrams being impressed on the metal, paper, or other material, serve for
the purposes above set forth, each series of sectional parts in the process of manu-
facture being lettered or figured as required for ready reference; and further, such
diagrams can be also divided into larger sections or groups, say, five each way, and
again into blocks.
The advantages gained by my Invention are simplicity, no training required by
sender or receiver, correctness, scale, size, and proportion being adhered to. In
using the Invention, all that is required is to send as per code the different letters
and figures, and the receiver by following the same can at once make the diagram
or drawing required, by simply comparing the instructions with the plan drawn.
The code I at present consider desirable to be adopted is simply to read off from
the margins of the diagrams, the letters and corresponding numbers of the meeting
of the intersecting lines, which reading is continued in simple rotation, so far as the
line goes to its termination, and the word dash or a sign dash will intimate the finish
of the line. The new line being then taken up in the same manner of repetition of
letters and numbers. The lines run between the diagram sectional lines.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wolstenholme at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1879.
THOMAS WOLSTENHOLME, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC."
Connected with a suitable stand to support the music I have two rollers mounted
in a line with each other (or nearly so), each being keyed or secured upon a
horizontal shaft, and the two coupled together by means of a pair of toothed wheels,
so that the rollers revolve at the same speed and in opposite directions.
The rollers are provided with a number of circumferential grooves, one to each
leaf, according to the number of leaves desired to be turned over, and in each
groove of the roller is a socket or depression, and over each socket is fixed a pin.
Above the roller is a stud or spindle, on which are mounted a corresponding
number of fingers, the lower ends of which work in the grooves of the rollers, and
are slotted or forked, so that as the roller revolves the pins in the grooves catch
hold of the forks or slots and cause each finger in succession to perforin about a
quartur of a revolution.
The pins are so arranged that they act on the fingers in succession, and the
depth of the grooves is such that the fingers cannot turn over excepting at those
places where the pins and depressions occur in the grooves. The fingers are
guided by passing through a grid above, and their upper ends are bent or
curved.
When the music or book is placed on the stand the rollers are turned backwards
and one leaf placed over each finger as it goes back, so that on the rollers being
turned forwards the fingers turn over and raise each leaf at a time, one after the
other.
As the two grooved rollers move in opposite directions it will be evident that as
the right hand fingers are rising the left hand fingers will be falling in the same
order and at the same speed under the leaves, so that as they are turned over by
one set of fingers they are received by the other set, and by reversing the action of
the rollers they may be turned back again. As the fingers only raise up the leaves
a certain distance I provide a vibrating arm placed in such a position as to take
the leaves from one set of fingers and turn them over onto the other set of fingers.

page_text: This arm is turned over in one direction by a lever, and returned again to its
original position by a spring.
Each grooved roller is provided with a ratchet wheel having as many teeth as
there are grooves, and in connection therewith there is a ratchet or click, which
takes up one tooth every time a key or lever is depressed. This key or lever also
works the vibrating arm above mentioned.
Each time therefore that a leaf is required to be turned over, either forwards or
backwards, it is only necessary to depress the corresponding key by hand (or by
means of a pedal, if preferred) and the necessary turning over is effected with
rapidity and certainty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MOTORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Craig Mather at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1879.
ALEXANDER CRAIG MATHER, of Dumbarton, in the County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM ENGINES AND
OTHER MOTORS."
This Invention has for its object to simplify and improve the construction and
action of valve gear for steam engines and other motors.
In one modification of the improved gear, the slide valve of a single cylinder is
worked by means of a rotating crank or eccentric pin, and when there are two or
more cylinders at right or other suitable angles to each other. the same pin may
work the two or more valves The pin is carried by a disc or wheel supported in
suitable circumferential or other bearings, and which receives its motion from the
crank shaft of the engine through toothed gearing or by means of a pitch chain.
The disc is formed with a slot or with guides in which there is fitted a block, and it
is upon this block the pin for working the valve or valves is fixed.
The slot or
guides may be straight or curved accordingly as it may be thought best to keep
the lead of the valve the same or otherwise in the various positions of the pin.
The pin block is movable across the disc by means of a piece which is movable in
the direction of the axis about which the disc rotates, and this axial piece is
connected by a swivel ring or a loose ring, between collars, to a lever or screw,
which can be adjusted by hand or by an auxiliary engine. The axial piece may
act on the pin block by means of inclined teeth formed on each, or by means of a
screw sleeve and pinion, the teeth of the pinion gearing with rack teeth on the pin
block.
The details may be modified in various ways, the essential features being the
combination of the axial piece with the pin block which is movable across the disc
or wheel whereby the pin block can be adjusted for working the engine in either
direction, or for varying the cut-off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS AND FASTENINGS FOR RAILS, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, QUARRIES, AND MINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joe Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1879.
JOE TURNER, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHAIRS AND FASTENINGS FOR RAILS, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS,
QUARRIES, AND MINES,"
The object of my Invention is to dispense with fish plates, wooden wedges, and
other fastenings hitherto used, and to better secure the rails.
My Invention is as follows:-For securing the rails at the joints I construct
the chair and fastenings as under. One arm or web of the chair is a fixture, and
instead of fitting the form of the rail side is plain and even, between the inner
side and the rail I place a dog or plate with two projections, which projections
fit into the hole of each rail; the other arm of the chair is movable and adjustable,
by means of a screw or bolt; the rails by this method can be easily and readily
removed.
For securing the rails between the joints I construct the fast arm so as to fit the
form of the rail, a web bolt, secured by a nut, makes the same adjustable, or
adjustable arm may be used as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1879.
PHILIP DAVIES, of Mold, in the County of Flint. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY
ENGINES,"
This Invention relates to improvements in rotary engines to be worked by steam,
compressed air, water, or other fluid.
For this purpose a disc or wheel is mounted upon an axis so as to revolve within
a cylinder arranged with steam tight packing on each side of the disc, so as to
confine the steam to the outer rim or circumference of the disc. Angular teeth are
formed on the circumference of the revolving disc, between which and the inner
circumference of the cylinder a small space is left. Steam is admitted at a tangent
to the circumference of the disc, so as to impinge upon the surface of each tooth as
it passes a portion of the inner circumference of the cylinder, which touches or
nearly touches the outer circumference of the teeth at that point. A suitable outlet or
exhaust passage is arranged near to the inlet; the steam or other fluid in its passage
around the circumference of the disc acting upon the teeth imparts rotary motion
to the disc and the axia upon which it is mounted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Livesey and Augustus John
Darling Cameron at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th
May 1879.
JAMES LIVESEY and AUGUSTUS JOHN DARLING CAMERON, both of 9, Victoria
Chambers, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS."
Our Invention relates to an improved form of tramway rail to be rolled with
two ribs at some distance apart, extending downwards from the underside of
the rail. When passing through the finishing rolls of the rail mill, the distance
between these ribs will be increased at the lower ends, forming a dove tail section;
or by still further widening, the ribs may be bent up sufficiently to form an hori-
zontal groove. This rail is supported by a deep angle plate fixed on each side, &
formed at the top to fit into the groove or dove tail. When bolted together these
plates grip the rail & hold it firmly in position. They may be either continuous
or in short sections, or the bottom flange may be cut through at intervals to allow
the rail & sleeper plates to bend to the curves of the road. A similar notch cut
through the broad flange of a solid rail or foundation plate would render it flexible
for curve adjustment. When a tiebar is used with the angle plates it may take the
place of some of the bolts by passing it through the plates & securing it by means
of a cotter or cotters. Also, for a metal plate to be bent in the form of a deep
bridge rail in which a tramway rail is secured by means of two cotters driven
through the sides or centre web of the rail, one of the cotters is slightly raised in
the centre & bent down at each end to prevent it working out; the second cotter
is straight, or nearly so. When this cotter is driven over the raised part of the
first cotter it draws the rail tight against the sleeper, & is also prevented from
working loose.
The bent metal plate may be made in continuous lengths or in short sections.
To form a wrought iron or steel chain out of a flat plate of metal we cut two slots
into the plate of sufficient length that when the divided parts of the plate are
turned up they form the jaws of the chair; the parts not turned up form the base,
& may be bolted or otherwise fastened to a sleeper.

page_text: To facilitate the cutting of the plate a shallow groove is rolled into it, so as
partially to cut through the plate.
For raising small jaws or clips out of a plate of cold iron we cause the metal to
be raised for some distance beyond the clip, which is cut through the metal; this
can be done by a press without distressing the plate.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SURFACING, FURROWING, GROOVING, AND DRESSING MILL STONES OR OTHER STONE, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR DRILLING ROCKS OR OTHER MINERAL, FOR FORCING ELASTIC OR NON-ELASTIC FLUIDS, AND FOR CLIPPING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grey Cranston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1879.
JOHN GREY CRANSTON, of No. 22, Grey Street, in the Borough and County of
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Mining and Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS AND
APPARATUS FOR SURFACING, FURROWING, GROOVING, AND DRESSING MILL STONES
OR OTHER STONE, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR DRILLING ROCKS OR OTHER MINERAL,
FOR FORCING ELASTIC OR NON-ELASTIC FLUIDS, AND FOR CLIPPING."
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for surfacing, furrowing,
grooving, and dressing mill-stones or other stone, applicable also for drilling rocks
or other mineral, for forcing elastic or non-elastic fluids, and for clipping, and my
improvements consist in the employment of the dynamic effect of electro-magnetism,
and in the construction of improved apparatus having for object to obtain rapid
reciprocating or vibratory movements by the employment of electro-magnets in con-
junction with one or more armatures.
The particular shape or mode of construction employed for the purpose above
described may be that of one or more iron bars or tubes wound with a helical coil
or coils of insulated copper wire in the usual manner when constructing electro-
magnets. The tubes or bars wound with copper wire are screwed or otherwise fixed
at one end to an iron base plate. In order that the dynamic effect may be com-
pactly concentrated a central bar or tube may be surrounded by one or more tubes,
each being separately wound with one or more coils of insulated copper wire, one
end of each bar or tube being fixed to the base plate one within the other, so that
all the ends which face the armature or armatures shall be in one plane. The
armature or armatures by preference are circular. The hereinbefore described
electro-magnets, which form part of the apparatus, are excited in the usual manner
by joining the ends of the wire of the electro-magnet coils with the poles of a voltaic
battery, or other electro-motor or source of electricity.
The apparatus or mechanism so constructed is mounted on a suitable frame, so
that it can be fed to its work automatically or by hand, and so that it may work
at any angle and be regulated so that the reciprocating or vibratory action may be
made more or less extensive or rapid, or the blows lighter or heavier, quicker or
slower, longer or shorter, as may be desired, to suit the various requirements for the
purposes herein before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Beral Bertram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1879.
LEOPOLD BERAL BERTRAM, 37, Park Road, New Wandsworth, in the County of
Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS."
"
This Invention relates to improvements in oil lamps, and consists in forming the
body or reservoir with a central vertical aperture for the passage of air to the
inner portion of the flame, and to facilitate the lighting of the wick from the under-
side through the said aperture without removing the chimney or other glass.
The upper part or ring portion above the reservoir is screwed on to the central
tube, and is partitioned off to enable two flat wicks to be fitted to be brought into
circular shape, or when a single wick is fitted the holder is arranged across the
centre, the lower part of the wick which dips into the reservoir being curved by a
plate to escape the upper portion or neck of the central-air supply-tube aperture.
If two wicks are used I prefer to employ a single thumb button to raise both
wicks at the same time, and to the same height, one lifting wheel being made to act
upon the inside of one wick, and the other upon the outside of the other wick.
For hand lamps I purpose fitting feet or an open worked ring as a base, but for
table or other standard lamps, the standard is inade that a free passage of air to
the central tube shall exist.
A COMPOSITION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF STEEL AND ALL OTHER METALS FROM RUST AND FROM THE EFFECT OF SALT WATER; ALSO FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND ALL KINDS OF WOOD WORK
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cooper Woodhams, of 64, Long Acre, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Abbey Mills, West Ham, in the County of
Essex, Varnish & Japan Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A COMPOSITION
FOR THE PRESERVATION OF STEEL AND ALL OTHER METALS FROM RUST AND
FROM THE EFFECT OF SALT WATER; ALSO FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SHIPS'
BOTTOMS AND ALL KINDS OF WOOD WORK."
Sealed the 30th April 1880, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
Janted the 0th Ontahan 1970
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cooper Woodhams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1879.
WILLIAM COOPER WOODHAMS, of 64, Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex,
and of Abbey Mills, West Ham, in the County of Essex, Varnish & Japan
Manufacturer. "A COMPOSITION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF STEEL AND ALL OTHER
METALS FROM RUST AND FROM THE EFFECT OF SALT WATER; ALSO FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS, AND ALL KINDS OF WOOD WORK."
The composition is made of Russian tallow, hogs' lard, castor oil, camphor, palin
oil, and annatto.
The following ingredients and proportions have been found to give good results,
but they may be varied according to the purpose to which the composition is to be
applied

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said William Cooper Woodhams
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st May 1880.
WILLIAM COOPER WOODHAMS, of No. 64, Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex,
and of Abbey Mills, West Ham, in the County of Essex, Varnish and Japan
Manufacturer. "A COMPOSITION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF STEEL AND ALL OTHER
METALS FROM RUST AND FROM THE EFFECT OF SALT WATER; ALSO FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND ALL KINDS OF WOOD-WORK."
The composition is made of Russian tallow, hogs' lard, castor oil, camphor, palm
oil, and annatto. The following proportions havo been found to give good results, 1
but they may be varied according to the purpose to which the composition is to be
applied:
In the first place the camphor is reduced to powder; the lard and tallow aro
then heated together, and the oils, annatto, and camphor are added thereto, and
thoroughly amalgamated. The composition when cool is ready for use; it may be
applied by means of a cloth to the substances to be preserved. In some instances
other dye or colouring matter may be used instead of annatto. The composition is
effectual in preventing the action of sea-water upon metals. When the composition
is to be used for hot climates, and in order to lessen the cost of the composition
when it is to be employed for covering large articles, such as machinery, the
proportion of lard is reduced, a corresponding amount of white resin and wax being
added in its place.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cooper Woodhams, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtyeth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.