IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
LAMPS." A communication from abroad by Addison G. Waterhouse, of New
York, in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1881.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS." A communication from abroad by
Addison G. Waterhouse, of New York, in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to electric lamps of the type in which an electric arc is
formed between the ends of two carbon sticks or pencils, which are fed up and to
one another as they consume by the action of gravity controlled by a clamp or
clutch engaging with the carbon holding rod or by other feed controlling mechanism,
as, for instance, a trail of wheel work controlled by a detent, the necessary
movement of the parts for releasing the clamp or the wheelwork or for causing
them to stop the movement of the carbon holder being produced by electro inagnets
connected in any suitable manner to the circuit through which flows the electric
current which forms the arc.
:
This Invention consists, first, in a novel disposition and arrangement of the
electro magnet or magnets for the feed controlling devices. Its object is to obtain
stronger and increased magnetic effects from the energizing currents, thus giving
increased sensitiveness to the regulator, and also to obtain an increased range of
movement in the electro magnet or its armature and at the same time as nearly
uniform magnetic or attractive effects in the various positions of the parts as is
possible.
In carrying out this portion of the Invention two electro-magnets are arranged
with their magnetic axes parallel to one another, and preferably in the same
horizontal plane (although this is not absolutely necessary), and provided both

page_text: with pole extensions from their cores projecting at right angles from the core axis,
the extensions at both ends of each magnet projecting towards the pole extensions
of the other magnet. The core of one magnet is movable and is so mounted in
suitable bearings that it may rock on its magnetic axis while its pole extensions
swing in the face of the pole extensions of the other magnet. To the moving
magnet are to be connected suitable devices for giving motion to the feed controlling
mechanism, whether such consist of a clutch acting upon the carbon holding rod or
One of the
of a train of wheel-work controlled in its movements by a detent.
electro magnets is wound with coils or helices in a derived circuit around the carbons
in the well known manner, so that the relative distribution of the electric current in
the main and derived circuit helices depends upon the resistance at the are. Both
coils or helices are so wound or connected to the general circuit that the poles of
the magnets at the same end and in juxtaposition to one another are of the same
polarity, that is, the magnetism is such that under ordinary circumstances the
magnets would tend to repel one another. As, however, the derived circuit coils
are of fine wire and of large resistance comparatively but little current compara-
tively flows through them, while on the contrary the flow of current through the
main circuit coils developes strong magnetism in their core. Under these
circumstances the magnetism which the derived circuit helices would tend to
develop is entirely neutralized by inductive action from the poles of the main
circuit magnet, so that there is in fact a mutual attraction between the poles of the
two magnets, and the derived circuit current tends only to diminish or neutralize
the mutual attraction to a greater or less extent dependent upon the resistance at
the are and the consequent amount of current flowing through the derived circuit
coils. When the arc is of proper length the attraction between the poles of the
two magnets is sufficient to hold the feed controlling mechanism in engagement
with the carbon holder and thus prevent its movement. If the arc lengthens more
current flows through the derived circuit coils and less through the main circuit, so
that the derived circuit coils have an increased demagnetizing or neutralizing effect
upon their core, thus diminishing the inutual attraction between the cores of the
magnets to such an extent that the movable core drops away under the action of
gravity or a spring and thus allow the upper carbon to feed towards the lower.
As the movable core rocks or turns upon its axis both of its poles swing past or in
face of the poles of the fixed magnet, so that there is a considerable range of
movement in a strong magnetic field, while at the same time by reason of the
magnetic circuit formed through the two magnets the attractive effects are strongly
developed. The poles of the movable magnet should swing in the arc of a circle
below or outside of the line joining the cores, so that when attracted it will swing
towards the poles of the fixed magnet and tend to assume a position in which the
*extensions of the poles of the two magnets are in the same plane.
The feed controlling mechanism is connected in any suitable manner to the
movable magnet. Either the main circuit or the derived circuit magnet, may be
made movable, the other being stationary, or both might be made to move,
connection being made to the feed controlling mechanisin in such a way that both
will co-act in producing the proper movement.
The core only of the magnet may move within its spool or helix, or core and
spool may move together; both the main and the derived circuit helices may be
wound upon one of the cores, the other then being a simple armature or bar of iron
without enveloping helices. In this case the two helices are wound or connected
to the circuit in such a way that the current flows through them in opposite
directions, and the derived circuit helices exert a neutralizing or depolarizing
effect upon the core, the amount of which is determined by the distribution of
current in the main and derived circuit helices. The core thus wound may move,
the armature being stationary, or vice versa. The feed controlling mechanism is
to be provided as usual with a dash pot or other equivalent devices for retarding
its movement.

page_text: The second part of this Invention consists of what is termed a double clutch
arrangement composed of two clutches, both adapted to engage with and control
the movements of the carbon carrier or rod, but so combined or connected with the
armature of the inagnet by which their engagement and disengagement is
determined that when one is caused to engage with the carrier and tend to lift it,
so as to separate the carbons, the other is disengaged from the rod or carrier and
lifted to a higher position on the rod, while vice versa upon a reverse movement of
the armature tending to disengage the first clutch so as to allow the carbons to
come together, the second clutch is allowed immediately to engage with the rod
and to positively control its downward movement, the latter clutch being for this
purpose suitably connected with a dash pot or other equivalent retarding device, so
constructed as to allow the clutch to be carried upwards freely upon the rod, but
when the clutch is engaged with the rod and carrier downwards, thereby to retard
the movement of the two, so as to prevent a sudden change in the length of the
To carry out this portion of the Invention the employment is proposed of
tilting clutches, consisting of perforated tilting plates, through which the carbon
carrier passes, so that when the plate is tilted by the movement of the armature
with which one end of the plate engages the edges of the opening in the plate are
caused to come into contact with the carrier and engage with it, so as to hold it
from movement or to lift it to separate the carbons. One of these clutches is
connected with the armature in the ordinary manner, so that one end of the clutch
plate is lifted by the magnet, its other end resting upon the base plate of the lamp
or other suitable fixed support. By this movement the clutch is tilted and caused
to engage with the carbon carrier so as to lift the carbon or hold it stationary.
This clutch, or the armature which operates it, connected with a dash pot or
other retarding device, so constructed as to retard the upward movement of the
clutch and armature, but to allow free downward movement.
arc.
The second clutch consists of a tilting plate pivoted at one end upon a support
consisting of a pivoted lever, to one end of which the weighted piston of a dash
The free end
pot is connected, while its other end supports one end of the clutch.
of the clutch is so arrranged that when the armature rises so as to cause the first
clutch to engage with the carbon rod the clutch is disengaged from the rod, its
free end being lifted by the armature. When not affected by the armature its
free end drops and the edges of the opening in the clutch rest against the rod, and
if the rod be under the free influence of gravity will engage with it so as to be
carried downwards thereby.
The dash pot with which the lever supporting one end of the clutch is connected
is so constructed as to oppose or retard this downward movement, but to act as a
lifting device for the clutch when the latter is freed from engagement with the rod
by the action of the armature lever, which lifts its free end. The piston of the
dash pot is weighted for this purpose sufficiently to lift the clamp itself, but not to
counter balance the weight of the clamp, plus that of the carbon rod or carrier.
The piston is also so constructed that its movement downwards in the liquid of the
dash pot is only partially impeded; its upward movement under the influence of
When the arinature
the downwardly moving carbon carrier is however retarded.
rises so as to tilt the first described or lifting clutch, and cause it to engage with
the carrier, its movement is impeded by the dash pot piston connected to the clutch
or armature, so that no sudden change in the length of arc is produced in the act of
separating the carbons. The movement of the armature upwards simultaneously
disengages the other clutch from the carbon carrier, and the clutch is lifted bodily
upwards upon the carbon carrier by the overbalancing weight of the piston of the
dash pot. When the armature recedes or is retracted in obedience to an increase
in the length of are, the end of the clutch which has been lifted bodily is allowed
to drop, so that the clutch engages with the carbon carrier, the parts being so
adjusted that this engagement takes place before the armature has receded
sufficiently to release the lifting clutch, under which latter condition the armature
is left free to be acted upon by gravity. When the armature has receded sufficiently

page_text: to cause this disengagement the carbon feeds downwards, its movement being
controlled by the clutch, which is now in engagement, and is connected with the
piston of the dash pot so as to be retarded in its downward movement. The down-
ward movement of the armature is made without retardation, its dash pot being,
as before mentioned, so constructed as to allow free downward movement, but to
retard the upward movement of the armature. For lifting bodily the clutch which
retards the downward movement of the carbon, and which is disengaged from the
carrier when the armature is attracted so as to bring the lifting clutch into engage-
ment, it is proposed to sometimes employ a lifting spring connected directly to the
fulcrumed or pivoted end of the clutch at or near the point where it is connected to
the dash pot. In this case the clutch is pivoted directly to the piston rod of the
dash pot, and no intervening lever is employed. When the free end of the clutch
is lifted so as to disengage it from the carrier, the clutch, and with it the piston of
the dash pot, are lifted bodily by the spring, the piston being so constructed as to
move freely under these conditions. When the free end of the clutch is allowed to
drop, and the clutch engages with the carrier, the weight of the latter, if it is free
from the lifting clutch, is sufficient to carry the clutch downwards with the position
of the dash pot and against the action of the spring, the movement being retarded
by the piston of the dash pot, which is so constructed as to have this function
propelled in this direction. Another retarding and lifting device for the clutch
which retards the downward movement of the carrier consisting of a revolving fly
or other suitable clock escapement or retarding device, and a wheel or gear train
for imparting movement thereto. The clutch is lifted bodily by a cord and weight,
one end of the cord supporting the fulcrumed end of the clutch, while its other end
carries the weight. The cord passes over a pulley, the spindle of which carries a
ratchet with which a pawl connected to a wheel of the retarding train engages,
when the clutch is carried downward by the weight of the carbon carrier.
the clutch is lifted bodily by the weight the pulley wheel revolves freely, the
ratchet wheel when revolving in such a direction that its teeth slip by the pawl.
The weight is sufficient to lift the clutch, but is not sufficient to counterbalance the
weight of the carbon carrier and crutch. The clutch is disengaged from the carrier,
so that the weight may lift it bodily by the same movement of the armature which
causes the lifting clutch to engage with the carrier so as to lift the carbon.
When
The third part of this Invention relates to a construction of devices for enabling
two pieces or sets of carbons to be used in the same lamp. This portion of the
Invention consists of so connecting the clamping devices or clutches for the carbon
carriers with the lifting devices by which they are operated, and which are
connected to the same regulating armature or magnet, that but one of said clutches
can be disengaged from its carrier at the same time.
To accomplish this result it is proposed to support the clutches at opposite ends
of a lever, pivoted at one side of its centre and itself supported and moved upwards
and downwards by the frame rod bar or connecting piece, which is lifted and
depressed by the electro magnet of the regulator. The lifting and releasing clutches
are supported or pivoted at one of their ends to opposite ends of the pivoted lever,
while the free ends of the clutches (consisting of plates perforated for the carbon
carrier and adapted to hold and lift the carrier when the edges of the opening
engage with it) are adapted to rest upon the floor or base of the lamp, so that when
the fulcrumed end of the clutch is depressed the clutch is disengaged, but if lifted
the clutch is caused to engage with the rod, and if the movement be continued, to
lift the same bodily. The lever to which the ends of the clutches are connected
being pivoted on one side of its centre, the clutch and carrier at the longer end of
the lever will preponderate over the weight of the clutch and carrier at the shorter
end, thus lifting the latter clutch bodily, so that the free end of the clutch is out of
contact with the floor or base of the lamp, and the carbon carrier with which said
clutch is connected is held in a lifted position. If now the frame to which the
pivoted lever is connected be moved up and down by the regulating magnet, the
clutch at the longer end of the lever will be caused to govern the movements of its

page_text: If the
A
carbon carrier in the proper manner, but the clutch at the other end will be kept
permanently engaged with its carrier by reason of the fact that it is sufficiently
high above the floor of the casing not to be brought in contact therewith by the
movements necessary to operate the clutch at the opposite end of the lever.
carbon carrier at the longer end of the lever should stick and not feed, its weight
being removed from its end of the lever, the carbon carrier at the other or
shorter end would carry that end of the lever downwards, so as to bring and
hold its clutch in a position where the movements of the supporting frame would
cause it to engage with and be disengaged from the carrier. If the carbon carrier
at the longer end of the lever burn properly to the end, the carbon at the other
end will be held from feeding throughout the consumption of the first. When the
latter is consumed a suitable stop may prevent further movement of the carrier,
thus taking its weight from the longer end of the lever, and allowing the carbon
carrier at the shorter end to be lowered by its own weight and bring its clutch into
position where the carbon will be released by the movements of the frame or caused
to re-engage with the carrier and hold it until further feed becomes necessary.
stop limits the movements of the lever in both directions. It is also proposed to
pivot or connect the tilting frame, a lever pivoted at one side of its centre being
supported upon the frame of the lamp, and so arranged that the free ends of the
clutches may come into contact with it so as to be disengaged from the carrier.
The shorter end of the lever being held by the weight of the longer end, the clutch,
whose free end comes into contact with the shorter end, will act to release and hold
its carrier, but the other clutch will be held in engagement and prevent its carrier
from feeding, because the longer end of the lever is depressed, and is out of position
where the clutch may come into contact with it so long as the clutch at the shorter
end, which is the clutch first released by the downward movement of the frame,
continues to act properly. If the clutch at the shorter end fails to act after a
reasonable pressure, the longer end of the lever is thrown up thereby and into
position where the clutch at the latter end will be released. It is proposed to
employ a suitable stop for limiting the yielding movement of the clutch at the
shorter end of the lever, so that after a considerable downward movement of the
frame and consequent yielding of the face end of the clutch, its further yielding
movement will be prevented, and it will then lift the longer end of the lever.
The fourth part of this Invention consists of a novel safety cut out for the lamp,
composed of a spring or gravity switch lever, one end of which is supported by the
lifting frame of the clutches or controlling mechanism of the lamp, so as to be held
out of contact with a stop in electrical connection with the main circuit supplying
the lamp. The other end of the switch lever is connected with the circuit upon
the opposite side of the lamp. When the frame by which the free end of the lever
is supported is retracted to an abnormal extent, owing to an interruption at the arc
or other similar accident contact is made with the stop, thus closing a branch or
safety circuit around the lamp and providing a path for the current to other lamps
in the same circuit.
The fifth part of this Invention consists of a clamping holder for the lower
carbon, this consists of a tube or hollow cylinder supported by a flange upon its
exterior in an opening formed in the lower cross arm supported by rods depending
from the main frame or casing of the lamp. Within the cylinder is a divided
clamp, one portion of which is provided with a depending stem or spindle having a
screw thread for a nut which bears against the under side of the cross arm, and
with a laterally projecting stud upon which is supported the other portion of the
clamp in such a way as to be capable of moving to and from the first portion. The
portion of the clamp supported by the stud has a projection upon its outer side
which bears against an incline upon the upper inner edge of the tube. When the
clamp is drawn down within the tube by means of the nut the two portions of the
clamp are forced together and grasp the carbon firmly.
The sixth part of this. Invention consists of a clamp for the upper carbon
composed of two semi-cylindrical pieces held together by a screw for grasping the

page_text: carbon, and provided at their upper ends with 'hollow hemispheres which grasp a
spherical projection formed upon the lower end of the carbon holding rod or carrier
in such a way as to form good electrical connection therewith, but to also allow
the carbon to turn or swing freely in any direction.
The seventh part of the Invention consists of a device for preserving the
electrical connection of the carbon holding rod or carrier with the main circuit; it
is composed of two or more springs grasping an extension of the carbon holding
rod so as to make connection while the rod is moving downward.
The eight part of this Invention consists in providing the tilting clutch with a
number of perforated steel plates supported by the tilting lever and resting upon
one another, and adapted to engage at the edges of their openings with the carbon
holding rod.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th May 1882.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS." (A communication from abroad by
Addison G. Waterhouse, of New York, in the United States of America.)
This Invention relates to electric lamps of the type in which carbon sticks or
pencils are fed towards one another as they consume, the movement being controlled
by a clutch or by wheel work, or by other suitable means, the action of which is
governed by an electro magnet or magnets.
This Invention consists, first, of certain novel constructions and arrangements
of governing electro inagnets, of improved clutch or clamp devices for governing
the descent of the carbon rod, and of a novel safety shunting device.
Figure 1 is a side view of a lamp having one arrangement of the electro magnets,
and shewing also the safety shunting device.
Figure 2 is a top view of the electro magnets partially in section.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 illustrate the clutches which are actuated by the movable
electro magnet.
-
Figure 6 is a detail of construction of the lamp illustrated in Figure 1.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 illustrate modifications.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A represents the base plate of a lamp upon which
the enclosing frame and the supporting standards for the operating portions of the
lamp are mounted; B represents the carbon rod or carrier; C is an upright plate
secured to base A, and having bolted to it brackets D, D, in which the electro
magnets are supported; E represents an electro magnet wound with coils of com-
paratively fine wire, which are included in a derived or branch circuit around the
arc. The core of said electro magnet is represented at F as supported in the
bracket D. G, G, are pole pieces connected to said core upon the outside of the
bracket, and extending at right angles from the core towards the projecting pole
pieces of a similar electro magnets H wound with coarser wire, and with its coils in
direct circuit with the carbons and the arc. The core of the latter electro magnet is
pivoted from brackets or clips I, I, secured to brackets D by screws or other ineans,
and is provided with rectangular pole extensions K, K, projecting towards the pole
pieces G, G, and adapted to swing in close proximity to the latter, as indicated in
Figure 1. The coils of magnets H, E, are so wound and connected to the general
circuit that the pole pieces G, K, in proximity to one another would be naturally
of the saine polarity, so that they would repel one another. The action or
influence of the main, circuit coil H is however sufficiently strong to overbalance
the opposing influence of the coils of E so as to cause the core of E to be polarised
by induction from the core of H, so that when the lamp is working there is a
positive attraction between the poles. When however the length of arc increases
so as to cause more current to circulate in the derived circuit coils E, the latter
exerts a greater depolarizing influence, and thus causes a diminution in the
attraction between the poles so as to allow the poles K to drop away, and through
any suitable means to release the carbons and allow it to feed. The means here
shewn consist of a clutch engaging with the carbon rod or carrier B; said clutch
consists of a perforated lever L hung at one end from an arm R, best seen Figure 3,
supported from a cross bar M, and resting at the other end by means of a set
screw N passing through it upon the base plate A. The bar M is supported by
links O hung from the inovable pole pieces K, as shewn in Figure 6.

page_text: The edges of the perforation in L, or in a series of superposed steel plates P
supported on the plate L, and to be presently described, is adapted to engage with
the carbon rod B when the plate L is tilted, so as to stop the movement downward
of the rod, or to lift the rod so as to establish the electric arc. As thus constructed
the lamp operates as follows:-
When no current is passing the pole pieces K and the supported clutch rest by
the action of gravity or a spring in a position where the clutch L does not engage
with rod B.
The carbons are then in contact. When the current passes, the poles K and G
are attracted owing to the preponderating effect of the current circulating in
coils H. The clutch is thus tilted and lifted, raising the carbon rod B and separating.
the carbons to a distance dependent upon the adjustment of the screw N, or of a
suitable retracting spring acting upon K. When the arc lengthens by reason of
waste of the carbons, more current circulates in E and its depolarising influence is
encreased, so that the attraction between K and G is diminished and the carbon
rod is thereby released, so that the carbon feeds downward.
The above arrangement of the electro magnets gives a very sensitive action and
large range of movement. It is obvious that the derived circuit coils E might be
wound upon the moveable core and the main circuit coils upon the stationary
core, or that they both might be wound upon the stationary core, the movable core
then acting as an ordinary armature and the two coils being wound so as to act in
an opposing manner upon their enclosed core. The coils might be wound in the
same manner upon the movable core. The coils might be supported or attached to
the core so as to move with it. By the above arrangement the weight which has
to be lifted by the magnetic action is reduced to a minimum with a maximum of
attractive effects. The inertia to be overcome being small, variations in magnetic
attraction will be more promptly felt. The circuits through the lamp are made in
the ordinary way from positive binding post 1, to and through the main circuit
coils 4, thence to the upper carbon in any suitable manner to the lower carbon,
and to the negative binding post 2 by any ordinary or suitable connections.
The derived circuit coils E are connected by wire 4 to binding post 1, and by
wire 5 to the negative binding post; Figure 7 illustrates a modification in which
one movable pole piece only is employed.
In this Figure G and H represent the two coils, either one of which may be in
the main or principal circuit while the other is in the derived circuit. Coil G is
wound upon a core having rectangular extension R, at the other end of which is
pivoted one end of the movable core for H; S is a bracket of non-magnetic
material, in the end of which is the pivot for the other end of the core for H; E is
the rectangular pole extension which moves past the pole K of coil G. The
magnets are supported in any proper manner, and the movable pole E is connected
to the clutch or other feed governing device by any suitable mechanical device.
In this arrangement, as in the previous one, the coils are so wound as to tend to
produce magnetism of the same sign in the opposed pole pieces.
Figure 8 represents in side view the device shewn in Figure 7, the bracket S and
the coils being removed; Figures 9 and 10 shew another arrangement of electro
magnets.
Figure 9 is a vertical section.
Figure 10 is an end view.
A is a cylinder of iron upon which the main circuit coils are wound and which
is provided with the pole pieces at B; C represents a core of iron pivoted on its
longitudinal axis provided with pole extensions D and wound with derived circuit
coils; E, E, are the pivots for the core C, and F, F, are brackets in which said
pivots are mounted. The coils of A and C are so wound as to tend to produce
magnetism of the same sign in the opposed pole pieces D, B. When no current is
passing the cores D, D, are held by suitable retracting devices in a position indicated
in Figure 10. When the current flows the action of the two coils is the same as
before explained, and the core C rocks so that its pole pieces D swing towards the

page_text: line joining the centres of pole pieces B. The moving core is connected in any
suitable manner with the governing mechanism of the lamp. I have shewn in
Figures 1 and 5 a safety shunting device for the lamp which closes a short circuit
upon an abnormal movement of the regulating mechanism in either direction.
Said device consists of a circuit closer R, Figures 1 and 5, which is connected
electrically at one end to the negative binding post 2, heing supported upon a stud
or bracket 7 projecting from said post, while the other end of said circuit closer
rests upon the cross bar M, from which it is insulated by a block of insulating
material 8.
The contact end of the spring is adapted to make contact either with a plate 9
projecting from bending post I, or with a plate 10 which is supported upon a
standard electrically connected with the frame of the lamp. If the carbon rod
stick, or if from any other cause an abnormally long are be formed, or the are be
extinguished, the pole piece K will pull away so far as to cause the spring R to
nake contact with the plate 9, thus forming a short connection between the posts 1
and 2, and cutting out or shunting the lamp. If the derived circuit wire should
be broken or damaged in any way so as to interrupt the flow of current through it,
the pole pieces K are attracted so strongly and carried so far as to bring the spring
into contact with the plate 10, thus forming a short circuit around the carbons and
putting out the light, so as to give notice of the derangement. In the latter case
the current after leaving the coils of the main circuit instead of going to the arc
passes directly to the negative binding post, through the standard by which the
plate 10 is supported (and which standard is in electrical connection with the
frame of the lamp), the plate 10 and the spring R. The clutch or clump, shewn in
Figures 1, 3, and 4, is by preference constructed by supporting upon the tilting
lever a number of thin plates P of steel or other suitable material, each of which is
perforated or so formed as to grip the rod. Said plates rest loosely upon one
another, and are prevented from becoming displaced by screws or pins upon
lever L which pass through slots or notches in the ends of the plates as indicated.
The lever L may itself be formed so as to act as clamp or not at pleasure. By thus
constructing the clamp I insure a gripping of the carbon holder when the lever is
tilted, while moreover the increased number of binding surfaces presented
decreases to a great extent the necessity for renewal of the clamp. Moreover, by
thus making the clutching plate independent of the tilting lever, and supporting
it upon the latter, as shewn, the parts may be more readily renewed when occasion
requires.
The construction of the controlling or regulating magnet or magnets above
described is obviously applicable to lamps in which other mechanism is used in
place of the clutch, as, for instance, to those in which the movement of the carbon
rod or carrier is controlled by a train of wheels, stopped and released by means of
the electro magnet.
The next part of my Invention consists of a novel combination with a carbon
holding rod, fed by gravity or other means of two controlling clutches, so combined
that the rod or carrier is at all times positively engaged by one or the other of
said clutches, whereby overfeeding of the carbon may be prevented. To carry out
this part of my Invention I employ two clutches, both operated by the controlling
electro magnet of the lamp, and one arranged so as to clamp and tend to lift the
carbon rod when the strength of the magnet increases, while the other is so
arranged as to engage with the rod, and by a connection with suitable retarding
mechanism retard its downward movement, whenever the strength of the magnet
decreases so as to release the first named or lifting clutch.
Figure 11 illustrates one method of carrying out this portion of the Invention.
Figures 12 and 14 shew modified arrangements of devices.
Figure 13 shews a detail of Figure 12.
Referring to Figure 11, A and B represent the bottom and top plates of the
electric lamp.
C represents the coils of the electro magnet by which the clutches are actuated.

page_text: The coils of said magnet are all in the direct circuit with the arc, or they may be
made up of two sets of coils, one of fine and the other of coarse wire, the first being
in a derived circuit to the arc, and the latter in direct circuit with it.
In the arrangement here indicated however the movable core of said magnet,
which is indicated at T, is made of a spiral of insulated iron wire, which forms a
portion of a derived circuit around the arc, the coils C being in the direct circuit
with the arc. The wire of the core is so wound, and the current is carried through
the spiral in such a direction that said current tends to create a magnetism of a
polarity that will diminish the strength with which said core is drawn within the
coils C, so that when the length of are increases, causing more current to circulate
in the core, said core will be allowed to recede.
The core has connected to it a piece D upon which rests the tail piece of a
clutch L. Supported in a stirrup beneath the piece D in such a way that the
stirrup is capable of a slight longitudinal movement with relation to the end of it
is a lever F pivoted at its other end in a standard G and provided with a depending
link H which serves to actuate a clutch K constructed in any suitable manner, so
that when the link D is raised the clutch grips the rod and tends to hold or to
lift it, while if the link D drops the clutch is freed from the rod so that the latter
may feed downward.
This clutch may be a tilting clutch of the form shewn in Figures 1, 3, and 4.
E represents a dash pot, the piston rod of which is hung from the piece D or the
core of the magnet. Its piston is perforated at a number of points through which
the liquid of the dash pot flows when the piston is forced downwards. S represents
a plate which is adapted to rest upon the upper face of the piston and cover all or
a portion of the perforations when the piston is raised so that the liquid can escape
only around the edges of the piston or through the uncovered perforations, thus
retarding the motion upwards of said piston and the core of the electro magnet
actuating it. The piston may however move freely downwards as the plate S is
then raised by the flow of the liquid, which then escapes through all the per-
forations; L represents a clutch resting at one end upon the piece D and pivoted
at the other end to a lever M which in turn is pivoted in the rocking standard N.
The clutch L, which may be of the same form as K, or of any other suitable form
adapted to the purpose, is so arranged that when the end resting upon D is raised
the clutch is freed from the carbon rod or carrier R; but if the said erd is allowed
to drop the clutch will engage with the rod and be carried downward with it. To
the lever M is connected the piston rod of a dash pot O similar in construction to
that of E and adapted to move downward with comparative freedom but to be
retarded in its upward movement. The weight of the piston or piston rod, or of
the parts connected to the same and of lever M with it, is such that when the
clutch L is freed from the rod R said clutch will be lifted bodily, but when the
rod is engaged with the clutch the weight of said rod will be sufficient to pull
the clutch downward against the counter balancing weight of the piston, thus
raising the latter, although with a retarded movement.
When the
Before the lamp is started the carbons are adjusted into contact.
electro magnet C is energised by the current its core is drawn within its coils and
the clutch K is tilted and caused to engage with the carbon rod, and on further
movement to lift it and form the arc, the amount of movement or separation being
determined by the adjustment of any ordinary retracting devices or any other
adjusting mechanism.
During the movement upwards the carbon rod simultaneously slips through the
upper clutch L or lifts said clutch with it, while at the same time the parts are so
arranged with relation to one another that before the upward or separating
movement ceases the end of the clutch L, which is in the path of D, is lifted by the
Jatter so that said clutch is freed from the rod, whereupon the piston of dash pot E
falls, carrying with it the clutch, which is thus raised upon the carbon rod. As the
core of the magnet recedes, owing to the lengthening of the arc by combustion, the
free end of the clutch L is allowed to drop, and before the lower clutch K is released

page_text: from the rod, said clutch L engages with the rod, so that when the release of K
takes place the rod is already gripped by the upper clutch and under its control.
As the carbon rod then feeds downward it moves only as fast as the clutch L, and
the connected piston of the dash pot will allow it. As before explained the
movement of the piston under these conditions is a retarded one.
Other constructions of the elemental parts here described may be used in their
place, the Invention being in the combination of the two clutches and suitable
retarding devices all arranged as described, so that one clutch engages with the
carbon and lifts it, while at the same time the other is disengaged and caused to
take a higher position upon the rod when the actuating devices move in one
direction, while, vice versa, when said devices move in the opposite direction, the
first clutch is disengaged and the latter clutch grips the rod, and being connected
with retarding devices allows it to feed only with a retarded movement.
The dash pot E prevents sudden movement when the actuating devices move
upward in the act of separating the carbons, but allows prompt movement
downwards when a feed of the carbon is required.
In the modification shown in Figure 12 the clutch K is arranged and actuated
as before. Its supporting lever is however pivoted from the sides of the dash pot
for the upper clutch J.
A top view of these parts is shown in Figure 13, clutch L, instead of being
pivote to a lever, as as in Figure 12, is here shown as pivoted from the top of the
piston rod, instead of employing the weight of the piston or piston rod to raise the
clutch.
A spring W is here used. In this form of dash pot the piston is perforated, and
the covering plate is a float supported below it, and capable of a slight up and
down movement so as to cover and uncover the perforations.
When the piston and the clamp L are raised the float is forced away from the
piston by the flow of the liquid, thus allowing the liquid to escape from in front of
the piston. When the piston is carried downward the float partially closes the
perforations, thus producing the required retarded movement.
Instead of the dash pot I may employ the device shown in Figure 14 for
retarding the downward movement of the upper clamp while allowing it to be
lifted freely. The clamp L is lifted by a weight W connected to a cord 5, which
passes over a pulley and connected ratchet wheel 6, and which supports the pivoted
end of the clutch.
When the clutch is lifted by the weight of the pulley 6 revolves freely the teeth
of the ratchet wheel slipping by the pawl attached to gear wheel 7.
When the clutch is carried downward by the carbon rod and the wheel 6 is
revolved in the opposite direction, the ratchet wheel is connected to the wheel 7,
which latter is geared to a retarding device consisting of an endless screw 8 and
vane 9. Weight W is sufficient to raise the clutch, but is overbalanced by the
weight of the clutch, plus that of the carbon carrier.
The action of the lamp is substantially the same as before described in connection
with Figure 11. Other mechanical devices might be employed for connecting the
pulley to a retarding device, when said pulley revolves in one direction, and
allowing it to revolve freely when turning in the other direction.
The next portion of the Invention relates to a construction of devices for
enabling two pairs or sets of carbons to be used in the same lamp.
To carry out this portion of the Invention I propose to support the two clutches,
which engage with the separate carbon carriers at opposite ends of a lever pivoted
at one side of its centre, and itself supported and moved upwards and downwards
bodily by the regulating electro magnet.
Figures 15, 16, and 17, illustrate this portion of the Invention.
Figure 18 shows a modified plan.
Figures 15 and 16 are rear and front views.
Kiance 17 i 0 tan view of the clutches and the norte ho which they ٥٣٥

page_text: and 4.
A is a cross bar supported by links B, B, which in turn are connected to the
armature of the regulating electro magnet, or to a moving pole piece after the
manner of the links O, O, Figures 1 and 4. To the bar or support is pivoted a
lever Cat a point D, to one side of the centre of said lever. Supported at either
end of lever C are the clamps or clutches E, F, adapted to rest at their ends G
upon a fixed plate or support H in the sane manner as the clutch L, Figures 1, 3,
These clutches are of any suitable construction for clamping the carbon
rod, and when lifted at their ends K the edges of the opening in said clutches will
engage with the carbon rods L, L, and lift the same. When the ends K are
depressed the carbon rod is released and allowed to feed; M is a stud projecting
through slot in lever C, and acting as a stop to limit its movement. In the
operation of this device, the clutch whose end is supported by the longer end of
lever C, and the connected carbon will overbalance the clutch and carbon at the
shorter end of the lever, raising the latter clutch and with it the carbon rod so as
to hold the carbon separated, and also to prevent the end G of said latter clutch
from coming into contact with the plate H during the operation of feeding the
carbon at the longer end of lever C, as the support A is raised and lowered by the
action of the regulating electro magnet. The clutch at the longer end of lever C is
caused to alternately engage and release its carbon rod in the well known way.
Should said rod stick and refuse to feed, its weight being taken from the
clutch and lever, the weight of the carbon rod at the other end of the lever will
carry its clutch down into a position where said rod may be released and fed in
the same manner as the first. When the carbon at the longer end of the lever C is
consumed, a suitably arranged stop upon the carbon rod L will prevent further
movement, thus taking the weight of the rod from lever C, and allowing the clutch
and rod at the other end to descend and come into operation.
It is of course
understood that in the actual operation of the clutches in the act of regulating the
feed, the carbon rod is never so completely disengaged that its weight is entirely
removed from the lever C. The clutch at the shorter end of said lever is raised
during the operation of the clutch at the longer end, only a sufficient distance to
prevent it from being disengaged by the downward movement of the supporting
bar A in the act of disengaging the clutch at the longer end. Instead of supporting
the clutches at one end from a lever carried or operated by the armature of the
regulating electro-magnet, or equivalent regulating device, I may arrange the
ends G over opposite ends of a weighted lever pivoted to one side of its centre in
the manner indicated in Figure 18. Here C indicates a lever pivoted to one side
of its centre upon a fixed support rising from the base plate H or other suitable
portion of the lamp; A represents the cross bar by which the clutches F and E are
tilted, and by which said clutches are supported directly at one end in the manner
shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4, for supporting the clutch lever L.
The ends G of the clutches rest upon or can come into engagement with lever C.
In the operation of the device the right hand end of lever C is depressed owing
to its greater weight, and the left hand end raised to a position where the end G of
clutch F will rest upon it or be brought into engagement with it as the clutch is
raised and lowered by the cross bar A and the controlling devices.
The right hand end of the lever is so much depressed that the end G of clutch E
cannot come into contact with it during the movements necessary to disengage F
from the carbon rod or carrier, and clutch E therefore is engaged with and holds
its rod from feeding.
When the carbon connected to the carrier, which is controlled by F, has been
consumed, a pin or stop suitably placed upon the carrier prevents further feed by
coming into contact with the clutch, thus carrying the latter downward and
causing it to raise the opposite end of lever C to a point where the end of
clutch E may come into contact with the lever, so that a downward movement of
the regulating armature or core and the bar A will cause the disengagement of the
clutch E and allow its carbon to be fed; the feed of the latter carbon then takes
place in the same manner as the former,

page_text: The next portion of the Invention relates to devices to be employed in place of
a clamp for allowing a retarded feed or movement of the carbon supporting rod or
carrier in the act of feeding to compensate for combustion of the carbon. These
devices are shown in Figures 19 to 27 inclusive. In Figures 19 and 20, A
represents the upper carbon holding rod formed with a rack upon its side which
engages with a pinion geared through suitable intermediate wheels with the crown
wheel B of a verge escapement; C represents a stop which may be brought against
or withdrawn from contact with the balance wheel 1) of the escapement; E repre-
sents a regulating or controlling electro-magnet, whose core F, suitably supported
and guided, is made to lift a rod G carrying stop C, and thus remove the stop A
from the balance wheel, when the current in the coils of the electro-magnet E is
strengthened to a sufficient extent to draw the core F up within the coil:. The
coils are supposed to be in a derived circuit around the arc, so that when the
length of arc is increased owing to waste of the carbon, more current will flow
through said coils so as to lift the core. When the stop C is in contact with the
balance wheel the carbon rod is prevented from moving. When, owing to
lengthening of the arc, the stop C is withdrawn so that the escapement can move,
the carbon rod is free to descend with a retarded movement.
Ia Figure 21 the electro-magnet E is supposed to be in direct circuit with the
carbon, and the stop or detent C is connected to the armature A, which latter is
provided with suitable retracting devices, so that when the strength of the current
in the electro magnet E diminishes by reason of an increase in the length of arc,
said stop or detent will be removed from the balance wheel, and thus allow the
carbon carrier to slowly descend.
In Figure 22, A represents the escape wheel of a train geared to the carbon
carrier; C, the escapement lever; B, the balance wheel, the hair spring of which
may be. adjusted after the manner employed in watches, so as to vary the rate of
movement of the escapement in the well known way by means of a pinion D, with
which one end of the hair spring is suitably connected. Said pinion is turned one
way or the other to produce a quicker or slower movement of the escapement by
means of a rack bar E, which is connected to the movable core of an electro
magnet F. When the strength of said electro magnet is increased, owing to a
change in the length of arc, its core is drawn further within its coils, thus turning
the pinion D so as to give greater tension to the hair spring, and thus produce
quicker movement of the escapement, and a consequently increased speed of move- .
inent in the carbon carrier. In this arrangement the carbon carrier is supposed to
be in constant movement, its speed depending upon the amount of current flowing
in F. By proper adjustments the speed of movement may be made constant, and
will exactly correspond to the rate of consumption of the carbon, so that no
fluctuations in the length of arc will occur.
In Figure 23, the escapement lever C which governs the movement of the escape
wheel A, for the train carries at its end an inverted cup B connected to said lever
by a wire D, which is extended down within the cup and into a tube E, by which
latter the up and down movements of the cup in the cylinder F are guided. The
tube E is open at its bottom to the outside air, and the cylinder F is partially filled
with a sealing liquid, as indicated, for the inverted cup; H is the core of the
regulating electro magnet formed at its end into a valve for the opening of the
tube E. As the escapement lever vibrates with the cup, air is alternately drawn
into the space beneath the cup and forced out, and the rapidity of the movement
depends upon the position of the valve at the bottom of the tube, said valve acting
to close or open the orifice at bottom of the tube E, to a greater or less extent
dependent upon the strength of the regulating electro magnet, so as to govern the
rapidity of movement of the lever by varying the freedom with which the air can
be drawn into and forced out of the chamber formed by the cup B.
In Figure 24, the spindle M of the verge is fitted at its bottom with a vane, the
width of which increases from the bottom upwards, and which vibrates in a
suitable liquid.

page_text: The depth to which the vane is immersed governs the speed of movement, the
depth being varied by the rise and fall of the liquid produced by the regulating
electro magnet; E represents the regulating electro magnet, the core F of which
extends into the holder for the liquid and acts by displacing the liquid to cause it
to rise in the portion of the chamber in which the vane vibrates. The core F
is suspended from one end of a lever G, the other end of which is provided with a
clamping or lifting toe, which passes through a slot in the side of a guide tube D
for the carbon holder or carrier and engages with the latter so as to lift it or stop
its movement when the strength of the regulating magnet increases to the required
extent. Said lever G, instead of carrying the clutch or toe, might act upon a suitable
tilting clutch like that hereinbefore described.
In Figure 25 the verge arbor or spindle M is provided with a pivoted floating
vane I hung by a lever K from the spindle and vibrating in the liquid in the cup N.
As the level of the liquid is caused to rise by any suitable means operated by the
controlling electro magnet, as, for instance, by the device shown in Figure 24, the
vane is raised, and being further from its point of support from the spindle is
vibrated with greater difficulty, thus causing a greater retardation of the train.
In Figure 26 the verge spindle M carries two governor balls attached to a lever P
pivotted to the arbor. A link R connected to lever P is operated in any suitable
manner from the regulating electro magnet, and by turning the lever throws the
governor balls out to a greater or less distance from the spindle, thus causing a
retardation of the vibrations of said spindle to a greater or less extent dependent
upon the extent to which the lever is turned.
In Figure 27 the movement of the escapement retarding device is governed by
lengthening or shortening its pendulum lever.
The
A represents the core of the regulating electro magnet, from the end of which
the pendulum B is suspended in the ordinary way by a thin blade spring.
pendulum rod passes through or is combined with the arbor of the escapement C,
from which it receives its impulses, in such a way that it may be moved freely up
and down so as to shorten and lengthen the pendulum without disturbing its
operating connection with said escapement.
The raising and lowering of the rod and the consequent shortening and
lengthening of the pendulum is produced by the regulating electro magnet E, from
whose core the pendulum is hung and supported.
The next portion of the Invention relates to the clamps or holders for the upper
and lower carbon.
Figures 28, 29, and 30 illustrate a clamp for the lower carbon constructed in
two pieces, one of which is provided with an incline or bevel for forcing it toward
the other, said clamp being supported in an opening formed in a cross bar carried
by rods depending from the main frame, and being also provided with a screw stem
or spindle projecting through the cross bar for attachment of a nut bearing against
the under side of said bar, by means of which the clamp is moved downward, and
its two sides forced together so as to grasp the carbon.
Figure 28 is a side view.
Figure 29 is a vertical section; and
Figure 30, a top view of the clamp; A represents a portion of a cross bar or
arın,
which is supported beneath the lamp in any suitable manner, and which has
an opening in its centre where the clamp is placed, and through which opening
passes the screw stem or spindle by which the clamp is operated; B and C are the
two portions of the clamps or socket; D is a sleeve surrounding the clamp and
seated on the cross bar A. The outer side of the part C of the clamp is bevelled
or inclined at the part where it rests against the upper edge of the cylinder D, and
is perforated at its lower end for a stud E projecting from the part B, by means of
which stud it is drawn down within the sleeve and thus forced towards the part B
so as to grasp the carbon; F is a screw stem or spindle formed upon or attached to
the lower part of B and engaging with a nut G, whereby the clamp may be drawn
down within the sleeve. As indicated at Figure 30, the sleeve and the clamp are

page_text: rectangular in shape, so as to prevent the turning of the parts when the nut G is
operated. The form of the various elements may however be modified in a number
of ways without departing from the Invention.
Figure 31 is a side view of a clamp for the upper carbon, so constructed as to
make a good electrical connection, and at the same time to permit the carbon to
be turned or swung to any angle; A represents the carbon rod or carrier formed at
its lower end into a sphere; B, B, are the two portions of the clamp, semicylindrical
or grooved, where they grasp the carbon, and provided at their upper ends with
hollow hemispheres fitting the sphere upon the lower end of the carbon carrier A;
C is a screw by which the two parts of the clamp are held together. By slightly
loosening the screw the carbon may be adjusted to any angle, the upper portion of
the clamp turning upon the sphere. When the screw is lightened the carbon is held
firmly, and at the same time good electrical connection is made between the clamp
and the carbon holder.
Figures 32 and 33 illustrate a device for supporting the carbon holding rod at its
upper end for maintaining electrical connection therewith, as it is fed downward.
The object of the construction is also to prevent the carbon holding rod from
turning or shifting about its longitudinal axis, but at the same time to allow it to
move bodily or transversely in any direction so as to permit the attached carbon to
be brought into proper alignment with the opposite carbon.
This end is accomplished by supporting or mounting the guiding devices for the
carbon in such a way that they can move transversely in a single straight line only
while the part from which the support for said- guiding devices is hung can move only
in a single straight line at right angles to the line of movement of the guiding devices.
A represents the carbon holder or rod from whose lower end is hung the upper
carbon; B is an enclosing and protecting tube for the carbon carrier attached to the
lamp frame, and provided at its upper end with an eye C by which the lamp is hung
in position.
At the upper end of the rod A is a plug D perforated for the passage of a strip,
rod, or plate E, which extends down within the rod A, and upon which bear
springs Fattached to the rod D for forming electrical connection between the rod
and the strip E. The strip E and the opening in D through which it passes are of
such forin as to prevent the rod A from turning about the strip E. The upper end
of E is formed into a horizontally elongated hook G, which rests in a stirrup H
and which is adapted to allow said bar E to move transversely in a single straight
line only. The stirrup H hung from a rod K fixed in the upper portion of B, upon
which rod the stirrup can shift or move in a line at right angles to that upon which
rod E can nove.
This construction constitutes a universal support, which allows the rod E to be
moved bodily to any point but does not allow it to turn.
The rod E may be mounted in other ways to allow of a movement of it in a
single straight line only with relation to the stirrup H, or the part by which it is
supported, and so likewise the stirrup H or other part supporting E may be
mounted in other ways for permitting a movement of it with relation to the
casing B in a single straight line only. If desired the springs F may serve
to prevent turning of the rod instead of the plug D. The rod or bar E is placed
in electrical connection with positive wire or positive portion of the lamp in any
desired manner, and through said har, the sliding springs, and the connected hollow
carbon carrier the current is conveyed to the positive or upper carbon.
I claim,―
First. The combination, substantially as described, with the mechanismn of an
electric lamp of a fixed core and a movable core pivoted upon its longitudinal axis,
as shown, and provided with polar extensions projecting at right angles therefrom
towards similar polar extensions from the fixed core, and inain and derived circuit
helices for magnetizing said cores, the derived circuit belix being wound so as to
tend to neutralize the magnetizing effects of the direct circuit helix or the inductive
effects from its core.

page_text: Second. The combination with the feed controlling mechanism for an electric
lamp of two iron cores placed parallel to one another, and provided with rectangular
polar projections extending towards one another, one of said cores being pivoted
upon its longitudinal axis, so that its polar projections may swing past the pro-
jections of the opposite magnet and coils or helices placed in the main and derived
circuits, and wound so that the derived circuit helix tends to oppose the magnetizing
action of the main circuit belix.
Third. The combination with the pivoted magnet core (Fig. 1) of the fixed
magnet core, the main and derived circuit helices, the rectangular polar extensions,
the tilting clutch or clutch lever L, and the connecting links for operating said clutch
from the movable core.
Fourth. The combination with the pivotted clutch lever and its supporting devices
of the circuit closing spring (Figure 1) operated by said lever, and arranged as
described to make connection between the positive and negative binding posts when
said supporting devices drop to an abnormal distance.
Fifth. The combination with the main and derived circuit magnets of a circuit
closing spring and a contact point 10, arranged as described, so that if the derived
circuit be damaged or broken, thus tending to raise the controlling devices abnormally
and hold them raised, a branch or safety circuit will be closed around the arc, the
main circuit coils remaining in circuit.
Sixth. The combination of the hollow magnet, the pivoted interior magnet pro-
vided with double polar extensions at each end and main, and derived circuit coils for
said magnets (Figures 9 and 10).
Seventh. The combination with the tilting clutch lever of superposed clutch
'plates P, as described.
Eighth. A clutch for a carbon supporting rod composed of a number of superposed
perforated plates.
Ninth. The combination, substantially as described, with a carbon rod or carrier
of two clutches, one arranged to clutch the carbon rod and lift it upon movement of
the electro magnetic actuating devices in one direction, while the other is allowed
to engage with the carbon rod, and by suitably connected retarding devices to allow
a retarded movement only of said rod downwards when the actuating devices are
moved in the other direction, so as to release the first named clutch.
Tenth. The combination (as in Figure 11) with the carbon rod of a lifting clutch,
a retarding clutch, an electro magnet for disengaging said clutch, means for lifting
said retarding clutch when disengaged, and a retarding device connected to the
clutch, and constructed as described, so as to allow a quick upward movement of the
clutch when said clutch is lifted, but to retard its movement when it is engaged with
and carried downward by the rod.
Eleventh. The combination with a carbon rod or carrier of a lifting or separating
clutch, a dash pot or equivalent device constructed to prevent quick upward
movement, but to allow promp downward movement, and a retarding clutch
adapted to engage with the carbon rod when it feeds, and retarding devices
adapted to allow quick upward movement of said clutch, but to prevent quick
downward movement.
Twelfth. The combination as shown in Figure 12 of the upper or retarding clutch,
the piston rod, the lifting spring, the perforated piston and the float adapted to close
the perforations when the piston moves downward, but to open them when the piston
is carried upwards.
Thirteenth. The combination as shown in Figure 14 of the clutch supported at
one end by a rope or chain which passes over a pulley and ratchet wheel, and is
connected to a weight or spring, and a wheel and connected paul gearing with a
retarding device, and adapted to be connected with the ratchet wheel when moved in
one direction only.
Fourteenth. Then combination with the regulating mechanism for an electric
lamp of a movable core consisting of a spiral of iron wire forming a portion of a

page_text: derived circuit around the arc, and wound as described, so as
magnetizing action of the main circuit coils of wire.
to oppose the
Fifteenth. The combination with two carbon rods or carriers of clutches
supported in the manner described, so that the weight of one carbon rod and
clutch will overbalance and raise the other clutch and connected carbon, thus
holding the latter from movement while the first is being fed.
Sixteenth. The combination with two carbon rods or carriers of clutches, one for
each carrier supported at opposite ends of a lever, and at different distances from
the fulcrum of said lever, and a support for the latter lever connected to, and
operated by the regulating electro magnet, whereby the weight of one carbon rod
or carrier holds the other from action, and whereby said clutches may be tilted to
cause the release and feeding of their carbons in turn, as shown in Figure 16.
Seventeenth. The combination of the pivoted overbalanced lever C (Figure 18),
the two clutches and the two carbon carriers, whereby one carrier may be held
while the other is allowed to feed.
Eighteenth. The combination (Figure 22) of the vibrating escapement, balance
wheel, regulating pinion, and electro magnet.
Nineteenth. The combination (Figure 24) of the vibrating verge and its tapered
vane placed in a liquid, of the regulating electro magnet and core for varying the
height of the liquid.
Twentieth. The combination (Figure 25) of the vibrating float I, lever K, and
verge arbor for varying the speed of movement of the carbon carrier.
Twentyfirst. The retarding devices for the carbon carrier shown in Figures 26
and 27.
Twentysecond. The combination with the cross bar supporting the lower carbon
holder of a two part clamp, one portion of which is provided with an incline or
bevel, and the other with a screw stem, or spindle, or equivalent device passing
through the cross bar, by means of which the clamp may be drawu downward, and
its two parts forced together.
Twentythird. A clamp for the upper carbon constructed of two pieces, each
grooved at its lower end for grasping the carbon, and formed at its upper end into
a hollow hemisphere for embracing a spherical projection upon the carbon
supporting rod, as described with relation to Figure 31.
Twentyfourth. The combination with a carbon holding rod of a guiding device
adapted to prevent said carbon holding rod from turning in it, and a universal
joint support for said guiding device, constructed as described with relation to
Figures 32 and 33, so as to prevent said guiding device from turning, and to allow
it to be moved bodily and transversely in any direction.
Twentyfifth. The combination, substantially as described, of a hollow carbon
carrier and a suspended guide rod, bar, or plate passing down within the carrier
(Figure 32).
Twentysixth. The combination, substantially as described, of the hollow carbon
supporting rod, contact springs connected thereto, and a suspended bar, rod, or plate
upon which said springs bear, and which passes down within the hollow supporting
rod.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set my
E. G. BREWER. (L.S.)