matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOWING AND REAPING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Collett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1856.
I, HENRY COLLETT, of 12, Grosvenor Street, St. Peter's Street, Islington,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MOWING AND REAPING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for moving.
and reaping. For these purposes a rectangular or other suitable form of frame
is mounted on two wheels, one on either side of the frame, and a third by
preference; a fore wheel is also used. A vertical shaft or axis is employed,
with cutting blades fixed to the lower end of the shaft, such blades being either
curved or straight. The cutter shaft or axis is put in motion by means of
another axle by toothed or mitre wheels. The driving axis or shaft receives
motion by hand by means of a cranked handle. The machine is, by preference,
to be made light, so as to be moved or pushed forward by the same man who
by the crank axle gives motion to the cutter axis. Or, the machine may be
made larger and be propelled or moved by a man; or it may be by horse or
other power, the cutter axis or shaft, however, still receiving its motion, as
above described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE IN THE BURNING OF GAS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus De Reginald
Hely at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th February 1856.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS DE REGINALD HELY, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE IN THE BURNING OF
GAS," to be as follows, viz. :-
My Invention consists in rendering the use of gas for lighting and heating
purposes more economical and wholesome by the better consumption of the
noxious vapours and products evolved during its combustion, which vibrate
the surrounding atmosphere to the detriment of property and health. For
this purpose I have a cap or covering of very fine metal, net, or 'gauze, for
instance, that of 625 meshes, or thereabouts, to the inch superficial, which I
apply to the glass or metal chimneys or envelopes now in use on or over gas
burners, for the purpose of confining the flame and carrying off the smoke,
&c., which prevents the escape of the noxious vapours and products evolved
during combustion, and throwing them back upon the burner, materially
improves the light and heat by their consumption in the flame. The shape,
size, and position of the said metallic gauze caps or coverings (which I term
"Davy consumers," as an acknowledgment that this Invention has grown out

page_text: of the discoveries of Sir Humphry Davy,) are optional, so long as they suit,
fit, and cover externally or internally either the orifices of their respective
shades, chimneys, tubes, pipes, &c., or any convenient point in the passage
thereof; but I recommend the former, and that the said consumers should
terminate hemispherically or conically above the said orifices, which admits of
a free circulation of air through them, and facilitates the dispersion of the
heat they necessarily accmmulate. In some cases of risk and exposure I
apply a cylinder, hemisphere, cone, or other suitable figure of metallic guaze to
the gas burner direct, in lieu of a cap or covering to the glass or metal
chimney or envelope thereof. And I do not confine myself to any particular
metal for my gauze, iron being the cheapest, and platina the most durable.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY POCKET FOR COATS AND OTHER GARMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1856.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents; 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY POCKET FOR COATS AND
OTHER GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the fitting of garments with a metallic pocket, and
inserting the same so that the pocket cannot be detached by any means
ordinarily available by pickpockets. The pocket is made of brass rings or links,
and is closed by a clasp at the top. This clasp is made very much like the
ordinary clasp for purses. It is fastened by a spring lock, and a catch or
clasp, like that used for securing porte-monnaies, shuts over the key-hole, and
further secures the opening. Two or three false key-holes may be used,'
or the key-hole may be otherwise concealed if desired. The clasp when
unlocked is thrown open by a flat spring contained between the jaws of
the clasp, and fastened to one of them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Grant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1856. A communication.
I, ALEXANDER GRANT, of the firm of Alexander Grant and Brothers, of
Clement's Court, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS," (communicated
to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in forming the fronts, or the frouts, collars, and
wristbands of shirts (or either or any of them) of quilting, "marsella,"
"satteen," or any material of which waistcoats are made, or in sewing or
otherwise applying quilting, "satteen," or other material as above described to
the fronts, collars, and wristbands.
By a suitable arrangement of buttons, &c., the fronts of shirts made as
described, would also serve as and have the appearance of waistcoats.
The quilting or other material may be plain or figured, white or colored.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Talbott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1856.
I, EBENEZER TALBOTT, of Spring Vale, in the County of Staffordshire,
Manager of Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in a peculiar construction of split or compound
rails, enabling me to manufacture half or split bars with perfect bearings or
flanges, and which, when combined, have the required strength and structure
of ordinary railway rails.
In a transverse section of double-webbed or double-headed rails, made accord-
ing to my improvements, the rail is seen cut through its centre, vertically, without
the cut passing through either the longitudinal or the lateral bearings of the
rail, but diverging at a right angle or thereabouts, and passing out on the left-
hand side underneath the top web or flange, and in like manner on the right-
hand side above the lower web or flange, or vice versa. In this manner my
compound rails are somewhat similar to two bars of T iron, placed side by side
in reversed position, and may be bolted at suitable intervals along their sides
for security, and they may be connected with fish-joints or otherwise, as usual.
The principle of my improvements is also applicable to other forms of rails.
A RETIRING DOOR OR LID FOR BOXES, CABINETS, CLOSETS, Rooms, CARRIAGES, AND FOR ALL PLACES OR RECEPTACLES WHERE OR IN WHICH DOORS OR LIDS ARE AT PRESENT IN USE OR MAY BE USED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Hudson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1856.
I, CHARLES HENRY HUDSON, of No. 4, Highbury Cottages, Holloway Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for A RETIRING DOOR OR LID FOR BOXES, CABINETS, CLOSETS, Rooms,
CARRIAGES, AND FOR ALL PLACES OR RECEPTACLES WHERE OR IN WHICH DOORS OR
LIDS ARE AT PRESENT IN USE OR MAY BE USED, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in providing the room, box, cabinet or other recep-
tacle with grooves corresponding with each end or side of the door or lid
thereof; a guide piece sliding in such grooves carries the door or lid by means
of hinges, and by guiding the same in the said grooves (aided in some positions
by runners) entirely retires the door or lid, causing the front of the room, box,
or other receptacle, when open, to present a perfectly flush appearance, thereby
obviating the various inconveniences arising from the presence of such doors
or lids when open.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April 1856.
I, DAVID BROWN, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF JOINING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
In carrying my Invention into effect I roll or otherwise form the ends of
the rails to be joined of such a figure that when the said ends are placed
together they shall form a rail of nearly the ordinary section; that is to say,
the two ends of the rails to be joined are of a figure nearly resembling that
which would be produced by slitting a rail in a vertical plane, and in the
direction of its length. I make a rebate or recess in the inside vertical face
of the end of one of the rails, and a projection, shoulder, or rib on the other;
the said projection or shoulder fitting in the said rebate or recess.
The two
parallel ends are secured together by means of pins or rivets. The junction
is made of such length that it extends over two or more of the chairs in which
the rail is fixed. I make that part of the rail situated between the upper and
lower heads of the rail of somewhat greater thickness as far as the joint
extends. The essence of my Invention consists in locking together the two
joined ends by means of the rebate or recess in one, and projection or shoulder
on the other, the extension of the joint over two or more chairs, and the
strengthening of the rail as far as the joint extends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Gray and John Rawson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
8th July 1856.
We, ALEXANDER GRAY, of Glasgow, N. B., Mechanic, and JOHN RAWSON, of
Bury, Lancashire, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to means of arranging parts in connection with a
perforated spindle leading from the cup or vessel containing the lubricating
matter to the part to be lubricated.
The spindle is perforated longitudinally, and is fixed into the cup. A wire,
somewhat less in diameter than the hole in the spindle, is passed through it.
On the top of the spindle a piece of padding is placed, and on that a weight.
The wire passes through both the pad and weight, & terminates in a ball
fixed on or near the top. Between the ball & the weight on the pad a
spring is placed. The spindle may be raised or lowered in its position by a
screw thread, or the top may be surrounded by a cup screwed upon it; the
object of this being to regulate the relative length of the spindle and the wire
passing through it.
This apparatus acts as a lubricator by the motion of the shaft or part to be
lubricated causing the wire to be moved, and thus make the lubricating
matter to descend by the perforation through which the wire is passed.

page_text: The improvements also relate to means by which the lubricating matter is
carried from one cup or vessel forming the reservoir into another cup, from
which it reaches the part to be lubricated; this we effect by means of hollow
shanked spoons, carriers, or droppers, to which motion is communicated, and
which dip into the reservoir, and when lifted up carry a portion of oil to the
other cup. The motion of the spoon or spoons, to give the necessary supply,
is regulated as required. In cold weather, when the lubricating matter is
frequently frozen into a solid mass, we cause it to be made into balls or pills,
which we place in a reservoir, having communication with the shaft or bearing,
o be lubricated by a hollow spindle or spindles, down which the balls or pills
descend.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING AND STIFFENING TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS BY THE APPLICATION OP NEW MATERIALS FOR THOSE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Brown and George Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th March 1856.
We, PETER BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Corn
Merchant, and GEORGE BROWN, of the same Place, Corn Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING
AND STIFFENING TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS BY THE APPLICATION OP NEW
MATERIALS FOR THOSE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the novel application, employment, or use of a
material or compound, for the purposes of sizing and stiffening, not hitherto so
employed.
The principle article we employ or use is the well-known seed or grain
called "dari," and frequently called "millet," which is to be prepared in a
similar manner to which rice is at present prepared, or by simple washing, if
preferred, and to be properly damped, so as to render it capable of being
sufficiently pulverized, when it is ground into flour with an admixture of about
two per cent. of alum, and is fit for use in the ordinary manner, as is well
understood in the processes of sizing or stiffening. If it be preferred, a small
admixture of any other grain may be used with the above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING SLIVERS OR SLUBBINGS OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, COMMONLY CALLED CON- DENSING CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ashworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1856.
I, GEORGE ASHWORTH, of Sunny Bank Mills, Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING SLIVERS OR
SLUBBINGS OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, COMMONLY CALLED CON-
DENSING CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
It consists in applying the common carding engine to this purpose, with this
difference, that instead of the entire surface of the cylinder or cylinders, rollers,
workers, clearers, fancy, and doffer, being covered with cards, they are covered
with distinct and separate belts of cards, that is, belts of cards with spaces
between them, each belt of cards operating upon a separate sliver fed to it,
which is thus delivered or combed from the doffer, after having passed through
the engine without having mixed with or having given to or taken from the
adjoining sliver, or portion of fibres, which should form the adjoining slivers;
consequently, a more even sliver or slubbing is produced than by the common
condensing carding engine, or by those in which separate slivers are operated
upon by carding engines having the surfaces of their operating parts entirely
covered with cards. The slivers when combed from the doffer are condensed
and wound up by the same combination of mechanism as that in general use
in condensing carding engines.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATERPROOFING PAPER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Livermore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1856.
I, ISAAC LIVERMORE, of 5, Shrubland Grove East, Queen's Road, Dalston,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
WATERPROOFING PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in waterproofing paper.
For this purpose I employ lac or shellac, dissolved in water by the aid of an
alkali, and I immerse the paper in such solution, or I otherwise apply such
solution to the surfaces of paper, and then I cause the paper to be dried. I
would state that it is not new to dissolve lac or shellac in water by the aid of
an alkali, and therefore it is not claimed by me.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR BEDS, MATTRESSES, AND CUSHIONS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR BEDS, MATTRESSES, AND
CUSHIONS," a communication from Jean Charles Leopold Jacob, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, Manufacturer, to be as follows:
This Invention relates to an improved fastening for air beds, mattrasses,
& cushions of all kinds, whereby such articles, when inflated, may be kept
within certain limits and made to assume the required forms, whilst at the
same time the points of attachment of the several fastenings in the im-
permeable material (which may be of the ordinary manufacture) composing such
articles are rendered perfectly air-tight. The improvements consist in uniting
the upper and under sides of air beds and other similar articles, by means of
short lengths of chains or cords connected at each end, either to a nut or to
a screw, to which they are secured to the impermeable material. The screw is
formed with a large flat head, and is passed through the material from the
outside; an india-rubber, leather, or other suitable washer being interposed
between the material and the head of the screw, so that the opening through

page_text: which the screw is passed may be rendered air-tight. The inner end of the
screw is screwed into or through a nut inside, the bed or cushion, to which
nut, or to the end of the screw itself, is attached the chain or cord which regu-
lates the amount of expansion or thickness of the bed when inflated. And in
order that the junctions. may be rendered more perfectly air-tight, corre-
sponding washers to those herein-before referred to are interposed between the
internal nuts and the impermeable material. In some cases it is proposed to
surround the mattrass or cushion by a rectangular or other shaped frame, or
band of wood or metal fitted either internally. or externally, and secured
to the material by nuts and screws and air-tight washers for the purpose of
retaining the cushion in any required form. When used as cushions for
ordinary seats or chairs, or as packing for the insides of carriages, the bottom
or base of the cushion may consist of a metal plate or board, to which the
impermeable material is secured by nuts and screws round the edges, the same
arrangement of fastenings or attachments being adopted to those herein-before
described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: ՆՈ
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Humber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1856...
I, WILLIAM HUMBER, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the securing of rails in or to chairs by
wedges or keys fitting or sliding in the longitudinal direction of the rails, its
intention being to obviate the objection ordinarily attendant upon the use of
wooden wedges, which are wont occasionally to become loose owing to the
passage (through the chair) which is intended to receive the rail, and the
wedge being made with a diminishing or tapering width in one direction only,
namely, from one side of the chair towards the other, and one wedge only
being employed, without any efficient contrivance for maintaining it securely
in its seat.
And my said Invention consists in manufacturing chairs with the passage
(intended to receive the rail and the apparatus for fixing it) gradually
diminshed or tapered in two directions, namely, from the middle of the chair
towards its two opposite sides, the passage being, as heretofore, entirely on one
side of the rail when fitted in the chair.

page_text: Also, my Invention consists in manufacturing metallic wedges or keys, which
may be used with my improved chairs, and in securing rails within such chairs
by a pair of my said wedges (to each chair) distended, separated, forced apart,
or drawn away from each other in opposite directions by means of one or more
distending wedges, keys, bolts, or other means of forcing or drawing them into
their seats and there maintaining them, so as to prevent their becoming loose.
My Invention also consists in fishing or connecting together the contiguous
ends of two rails, resting in or upon two of my improved chairs respectively,
by means of a fishing plate on one side of the rails, having a wedge formed at
either end, inclined in the same manner as above mentioned, and fitting into
each chair respectively, and the plate being bolted or secured to one or both
of the rails, a fishing plate on the opposite side of the rails being either
employed or not employed, as may be preferred.
Lastly, my Invention consists in securing rails in my improved chairs, or in
any other chairs, by wooden wedges or keys, having bolts, rods, or straps
passing through them in the longitudinal direction of the rails, whereby they
may be held and maintained firmly in their intended position.
AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR FOLDING HANDLES OR STICKS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at tho Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1856.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of West Smithfield, in the City of London, Umbrella and
Parasol Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR FOLDING HANDLES OR STICKS OF UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting a bayonet joint to sticks or handles of
umbrellas and parasols, in combination with the ordinary folding joint.
To the bottom end of the upper part of the stick I attach a tube with two
slots, one longitudinal and the other transverse, and opening into one another.
The longitudinal slot does not extend to the bottom or top of the tube. To
the top of the bottom part of the stick or handle I affix an ordinary folding
parasol joint, then place the top of the folding joint in the tube before-named,
and screw or otherwise fit a pin or stud thereto through the lower end of
the longitudinal slot in the tube. The two parts of the stick are thus con-
nected, and supposing the handle to be folded in order to place and maintain
both parts of the stick in the same line, the folding joint is pushed up into the
tube, and when the pin has reached the top of the longitudinal slot it is turned,
and the pin thereby pushed into the transverse slot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPP CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cornes, of Swan Lane, in the City of London,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPP CUTTING
MACHINES."
Sealed the 29th May 1857, and dated the 10th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cornes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1856.
I, JOHN CORNES, of Swan Lane, in the City of London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in fitting to the shaft, which communicates
motion to the pressure and feed rollers through a worm, a worm of a peculiar
form. The thread of the worm instead of being of a regularly continuous
pitch, is formed straight, or nearly so, at intervals, whereby the feed rollers
are alternately advanced and held stationary. The knife or knives is or are
so fitted with respect to the worm that the rollers hold the material to be cut
stationary, while the cut is being performed, and then rotate to bring forward
fresh material for the next cut, and so on.

page_text: The second part of my Invention consists in forming the feed rollers alter-
nately with grooves and ridges, and with plane surfaces, and in gearing them
together in such manner that the grooves and ridges in one roller shall come
opposite to the plane surfaces in the other, whereby choking will be prevented,
and in casting or affixing on to the ends of the rollers axes, whereby the ordi-
nary through axis or spindles will be dispensed with.
My Invention also consists in so mounting the lower roller in its bearings
that it may rise and fall to accommodate itself to the feed passing to the
knives.
AN IMPROVEMENT OB INPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker Reay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1856.
I, WILLIAM WALKER REAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Corn
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OB INPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to the shoes of animals of move-
able pieces, as herein-after described, which said moveable pieces may be
replaced when worn by others, and the shoeing of the horse or animal rendered
less frequently necessary.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I make the groove in the shoo
in which the nails are driven of greater width and depth than in the
ordinary shoe. I place a wedge-shaped piece of iron or steel at each
extremity or heel of the shoe, and another at the middle or bent part or
toe of the said shoe. The said pieces are connected with the shoe by a portion
of each being made to fit into the groove, and fastened by pins passing
through the shoe and the said pieces. The said pins may be rivetted, and
when it is necessary to remove the said pieces to replace them by others, the
rivetted ends of the pins may be filed off, and the said pins and pieces removed.
I do not, however, confine myself to any particular method of fastening the
said pieces.
INCREASING THE EFFECT AND THE FACILITY IN FINGERING THE PIANO FORTE, ORGAN, OR OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A KEY-BOARD
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Philcox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1856.
I, OLIVER PHILCOX, of 30, Willes Road, Kentish Town, in the Parish of
St. Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for " INCREASING THE EFFECT AND THE FACILITY IN FINGERING
THE PIANO FORTE, ORGAN, OR OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A KEY-BOARD,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a new arrangement for transmitting the
performer's touch to the action of a pianoforte, or ordinary apparatus in an
organ, or other musical instrument, to which the key-board is or may be
applied; the object of which is to enable the performer to produce at the
same time great masses of harmony, and rapidly execute scale passages with
facility. In order better to define the nature thereof, I may describe its
distinct features thus:-An arrangement of the white keys in two rows, the
first being level; the second being shaped with a surface inclining towards the
front; thus forming a valley in which the sharps and flats are placed in a
certain way, having the form of stops or buttons inserted in the particular
keys of which they are the sharps, and so pointing out in all the octaves the

page_text: particular notes of each; which arrangement forms the chromatic scale; these
stops press on a set of levers below the levers of the keys, both of which sets,
by a certain arrangement, are connected with the ordinary ballanced levers.
Also, a set of stops in a level board at the back of the before-named set, in
rows to meet a natural motion of the hand for the execution of scale passages,
and so placed as to press on the levers of the correspondingly named keys
and stops, being the first and second rows of the keys, and their sharps and
flats.
THE FASTENING OF TIMBERS FOR BUILDING HOUSES, SHIPS, OR ANY KIND OF WOODWORK BY MEANS OF SPLIT OR SELF-CLINCHING NAILS, SCREWS, SPIKES, BOLTS, OR BRADS, AND FOR COVERING THE SAME WITH COPPER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Johnson at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December.
1856.
CHARLES JOHNSON, of Number 59, Mansell Stect, in the Parish of Saint
Mary's, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, Chronometer Maker, do-
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE FASTENING OF TIMBERS
FOR BUILDING HOUSES, SHIPS, OR ANY KIND OF WOODWORK BY MEANS OF SPLIT OR
SELF-CLINCHING NAILS, SCREWS, SPIKES, BOLTS, OR BRADS, AND FOR COVERING THE
SAME WITH COPPER;" the improvement to be as follows:-
For the fastening of timbers and all kinds of woodwork more firmly together
by means of split or self-clinching nails, screws, spikes, or brads, made of iron,
steel, copper, and brass, applicablo for building houses, ships, carriages, and for
all and every other description of building purposes, and for covering the said
nails, screws, spikes, bolts, and brads with copper.
AN IMPROVED STAND FOR UMBRELLAS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Laters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Gilks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1856.
I, CHARLES HENRY GILKS, of Union Row, Tower Hill, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STAND FOR
UMBRELLAS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The inconveniences caused by wet umbrellas in public vehicles are well
known, but hitherto no means of remedying them by supplying a suitable
receptacle have been offered.
My Invention consists in the use of a stand or vessel for retaining wot
umbrellas, so constructed as readily to be attached to a railway or other car-
riage door without encroaching on the space allotted to passengers. To the
door of the vehicle I apply two studs or other fastenings, and the stand is
slotted so as to fit on to these studs. The sides of the stand are bevilled off
so as not to incommode passengers, and the stand is made of galvanized iron
or other suitable material, perforated at the bottom, and communicating with
an outlet from the carriage for the drippings from the umbrellas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1856.
I, CHARLES WRIGHT, of 20 and 21, Green Street, Southwark, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF
LUBRICATING MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing lubricating materials by combining
together the following substances:-Soft soap, soda ash, tallow, palm oil,
water. These substances are heated and thoroughly mixed together.
AN IMPROVED STUFFING TO BE USED IN PLACE OF HAIR OR OTHER SUBSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH ARTICLES ARE COMMONLY EMPLOYED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Bayer at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1856.
I, LOUIS BATER, of Soho, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STUFFING TO BE USED IN
PLACE OF HAIR OR OTHER SUBSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH ARTICLES ARE COMMONLY
EMPLOYED," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to a substitute for hair or other sub-
stances usually employed in stuffing cushions, chairs, sofas, mattresses, and
other articles of furniture, saddles, or otherwise, consists in the employment
for the above purposes of the fibre of the colonial plaintain tree or musa
paradisiaca. I cause the fibre to be taken from the tree by any of the usual
methods, and subsequently submit it to the ordinary processes of dyeing,
curling, carding, or otherwise.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Graham Hope and William
Andrew Fairbairn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st July 1856.
We, DAVID GRAHAM HOPE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and WILLIAM ANDREW FAIRBAIRN, of the same Place, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, first, in a novel and peculiar form of steam
valve, for the purpose of obtaining the most direct transmission of steam into
the cylinder, combined with an easy exhaust, thus avoiding the great waste of
steam in the steam ports, as in engines of the ordinary construction.
Secondly, in constructing the slide valve of a wedge shape or form, for the
purpose of allowing the valve to wear upon both faces, and still continuing
steam-tight without the aid of packing.
Thirdly, in an improved arrangement in which the cylinder is cast with
steam ports directly through the side of the cylinder at each end, at right
angles to the valve facing, the ordinary eduction port being thereby entirely
dispensed with, the exhaust steam being carried through the valve and steam
chest.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: rotection,
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theofilo Scheller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1856.
I, THEOFILO SCHELLER, Painter, of Waedenschweyl, Town in the Con-
federation of the Swiss, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
I employ two shafts or spindles free to revolve in suitable bearings, one
being in a vertical and the other in an inclined position. On the upright shaft
I mount a pinion which gears into the teeth of a weighted toothed wheel or
disc mounted on the inclined shaft. On the toothed disc and near its peri-
phery are four weights working in guides, the two opposite weights of each
pair being connected together. Over the pinion on the vertical shaft I mount
a wheel of larger diameter than the pinion, which on coming in contact with
one of the weights on the disc forces the weight back, and thereby pushes up
the opposite weight connected to it, thus altering the centre of gravity of the
weighted disc, which in endeavouring to recover its equilibrium makes a
portion of a revolution, and so brings the next weight in contact-with-the-wheel

page_text: on the vertical shaft, which forces this weight back in like manner as before,
pushes the opposite corresponding weight up, so that the weighted disc again
revolves, brings the next weight up to the wheel, and so on. The vertical
shaft has a fly wheel mounted on it, and power to drive machinery or other-
wise is derived from this shaft.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING WILLOW FOR OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rye and James Simpson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th December 1856.
We, WILLIAM RYE, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
JAMES SIMPSON, of the same Place, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the
naturo of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING WILLOW FOR
OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of rendering the willow self-acting by the applica-
tion of certain improved machinery, by which the feed and delivery of the
fibrous material to be operated upon are effected alternately.
The feeding
apron is set in motion for a short time to deliver the fibrous material to the
drum (which revolves in the contrary direction to that in which it usually
revolves), and is then stopped while the fibrous material is operated upon; a
sliding door is then opened to allow the fibrous material to be discharged, and
then the sliding door is closed, while a fresh portion of the fibrous material is
admitted and operated upon; this starting and stopping of the feeding apron
and of the feed rollers, and the opening and closing of the sliding door, are
effected by cams acting on clutch boxes or other agents in connection with the
driving pulleys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES AND BOLTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Bloomer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1856.
I, CALEB BLOOMER, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Chain
and Anchor Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES AND BOLTS," to be
as follows (that is to say):-
My present Invention consists of improvements in making the description
of spike and bolt, for which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date
the 3rd day of March, A.D. 1854, have been granted to me, and according to
which I proposed to make the bolt or spike in any ordinary manner, and
afterwards slit it up a portion of its length.
The present Invention lies in making the spike or bolt of two or more
pieces of rod or bar iron laid together longitudinally, and then welded or
otherwise secured firmly together at the head, or for a portion of the length of
the spike or bolt, thus avoiding the slitting process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SKIRTS, PETTICOATS, MANTLES, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF LADIES' DRESS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jay and George Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th July 1856.
We, SAMUEL JAY and GEORGE SMITH, both of No. 246, Regent Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SKIRTS, PETTICOATS, MANTLES,
AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES OF LADIES' DRESS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in adapting to ladies' articles of dress inflated
objects, such as short tubes or small spheres, of any suitable light material
or substance, filled with air, and arranged and disposed independent of each
other as regards any communication with the interior thereof. The aforesaid
inflated objects may either be attached to each other, as regards any com-
munication with the interior thereof, by filling a long bladder or tube with air
and then tieing it tightly at certain distances asunder; or said objects may be
formed detached and separate, so as to constitute separate cells or air vessels
entirely distinct and separate from each other; and said inflated objects
we propose to employ in the manufacture of skirts of dresses for ladies, for the
purpose of making them stand out, as also petticoats, mantles, and such like
articles of dress. The arrangement and disposition of the aforesaid inflated
objects or air vessels will of course depend upon a variety of circumstances,
according to the shape and size of the article to which they are to be applied.

page_text: The intention of this Invention being to produce by the above means a lighter,
cheaper, more durable, and more efficient article than heretofore, and to impart
thereto the same character as is at present produced by the use of vulcanized
india-rubber, horse-hair, and such like materials.
A MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SLICING BREAD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Woodcock and John
Killingworth Punshon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th April 1856.
We, THOMAS WOODCOCK and JOHN KILLINGWORTH PUNSHON, both of 26,
Great Ormond Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for A MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SLICING BREAD
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, to be as follows:-
Our machine consists of a bed upon which the loaf or other substance is
placed, and held against upright supports. A knife or knives are made to
pass forwards & downwards at the same time and by the same movement, by
means of two or more parallel connecting rods connecting the knife or knives
at both ends to the bed; at one movement cutting through the loaf or other
substance, cutting one or more slices at once, according to the number of
knives employed. On the parallel rod furthest from the handle is placed a
stop, regulated by a screw, to give the thickness of the slice.
COLORING AND GRAINING SKINS OF LEATHER ON SIDE AND JAPANNING THEM
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Walsh and John Henry
Brierley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd February 1856.
We, SAMUEL WALSH & JOHN H* BRIERLEY, Smallware Manufacturers,
carrying on business under the firm of Walsh & Brierley at Stannary Works,
Halifax, & 25, Noble St., Cheapside, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for COLORING AND GRAINING SKINS OF LEATHER ON ONE
SIDE AND JAPANNING THEM ON THE OTHER SIDE, to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the dressing or finishing of leather one of skin of leather has
been grained & stained, according to the required colour, another skin has
been japanned in either fancy colours or black. The two skins or portions of
them have then been cemented together, thus producing on one side a coloured.
or black japanned surface, and on the other a grained & stained surface.
Our improvement consists in colouring and graining skins or portions of
skins on one side and japanning them on the other side, thus making one skin
or portion of one skin answer the purpose to which two skins or portions of
skins cemented together have hitherto been applied.
AN IMPROVED FLOUR DRESSING MACHINE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Amos at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March 1856. *
I, JAMES AMOS, of Frindsbury, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for AN IMPROVED FLOUR DRESSING MACHINE, to
be as follows:-
The cylinder of the flour dressing machine is of a conical form, and placed
in an upright or vertical position, with the smaller end of the cone upwards,
the spindle of the brushes being raised & lowered by means of set screws or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Theodore Schaeffer
at the Office of tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1856.
J, WILLIAM CHARLES THEODORE SCHAEFFER, of 3, Great Winchester Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS," to bo as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in distilling fatty and oily
matters. For these purposes a still of an ordinary construction is employed,
externally heated in such manner as to insure a temperature of about 230° of
Fahrenheit. Into this still a pipo for the supply of free steam is inserted, which
passes below the fatty or oily matters, and is coiled or branched, and perforated
in such manner as to divide the steam into numerous streams. The steam
used is in the natural state, it not requiring to bo superheated. There is also
a second pipe introduced into the still to admit atmospheric air, the lower
end of which pipe has a rose or perforated head formed thereto, which comes
above the level of the fatty or oily matters in the still. Above the beak or
outlet pipe of the still is a cistern containing hot water combined with liquid
ammonia, from which a pipe descends into the beak or outlet pipe of the still,
and the quantity of the liquid allowed to pass is regulated by a suitable cock
in the pipe. The ond of the beak or outlet pipe of the still is connected to a

page_text: covered cistern or reservoir, from which rises a pipe for the escape of vapours.
The fatty or oily matter mixed or combined with an alkali or alkaline earth is
introduced into the still, and 'distilled over into the reservoir or cistern at the
end of the beak or outlet pipe of the still.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Auguste Aublet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1856.
I, ETIENNE AUGUSTE AUBLET, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved rotary engine, consisting of a
cylindrical casing closed over on all sides, & at the inside of which a
piston is worked. This piston consists of a shaft placed in the axis of the
cylinder; upon the said axis and inside the cylinder a drum is keyed, of
a diameter less than that of the said cylinder. This drum is furnished
with a valve, which forms internally a radial air-tight partition. At any
two points of the cylinder, and opposite to one another, two distributing
apparatus are arranged, exactly similar in form but in an inverse symetrical
position.
Each distributing apparatus consists of an admission slide valve & an
emission one, contiguous to each other. The emission valve lets steam into
the cylinder; the said steam presses against the foremost valve. In this motion.
the slide valve acts upon the drum as a diaphragm, so that steam may suitably
work between a stationary surfaco (the slide valve) and a moveable surface

page_text: (the valve piston). The steam emitted by the preceding stroke is driven back
into the eduction hole, which is adjoining the induction, one, and opens by
means of a slide valve.
The piston valve, after rotating half a turn, passes the other distributing
apparatus, which till then remains closed. The slide valves are worked by
means of cranks, connecting rods, & eccentric wheels.
This improved may also admit of a set of levers, by which the working of the
slide valves may be inverted, the eduction slide valves becoming induction
valves, and vice versa; the motion of the engine thus being reversed.