matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CRANK ARMS AND PICKER SPINDLES FOR LOOMS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1878.
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CRANK ARMS AND PICKER SPINDLES FOR LOOMS, PARTLY APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates in the first place to the crank arms of looms for weaving,
and has for its object to simplify the construction of such crank arms, and at the
same time to give facilities for adjustment I form the crank bearing end of each
arm to receive a pair of steps or one step of a pair, and I provide the said end with
a cap which receives the other step of the pair, and I secure the said cap to the arm
by means of nuts, but I dispense with loose bolts and fix or form screwed studs
either on the arm or on the cap.
In one arrangement the cap is formed with two screwed studs, which pass
through holes in lugs formed on the crank arm and are secured by means of four
nuts, one nut of each pair being on one side of the lug, and the other nut on the
other side thereof.
The arrangement permits of the adjustment of the cap in any position required
to produce the desired fit of the steps upon the crank, and to effect the firm
securing of the cap in such position.
The required adjustment of the bearing rendered advisable through the wearing
of the bearing surfaces can be readily effected by means of the said nuts; I may form
the cap or the cap and arm of malleable cast iron.
The crank arm may be fitted with steps of ordinary material, or with steps
formed from buffalo hide moulded into the required form, or the arm end and the
cap may be lined with buffalo hide.
The buffalo hide steps or linings for bearings may be used for other bearings in
the loom or for bearings for driving or line shafting, or for the bearings of other
machines than looms.
My Invention relates in the second place to the picker spindles, and has for its

page_text: object to promote the effective lubrication of the spindles and to prevent or check
overheating thereof. To this end I form each spindle in two parts which are
placed together in position in the shuttle box.
.
The form of each part in the example which I now consider to be most suitable
is that of a half round or semi-cylindrical spindle, that is to say, of a rod having a
cross section of a semicircular form, or of a form corresponding thereto. Each rod
has a flat face, and when in use the flat faces of two rods are put together so as to
form a cylindrical spindle; I prefer that the edges or corners at the junction of the
curved and flat surfaces shall be rounded off. When the spindle so constructed is
lubricated, part of the lubricant enters between the two flat faces, and is given out
during the working of the loom; I prefer to form each rod or part of the complete
spindle of steel, drawn or rolled, or otherwise produced as found to be most
suitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Boyd Dunlop at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1878.
JOHN BOYD DUNLOP, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, M.R.C.V.S.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WHEELS."
My Invention has for its object the strengthening of the spokes and felloes of
wheels employed in carriages, wagons, and other vehicles or conveyances, by
enlarging or thickening the parts which are subject to most strain and injury.
For this purpose I construct the tenons of the spokes in the form of two or more
continuous cylinders projected from the spoke, the first being of greater thickness,
and that at the extremity of the spoke or tenon being-smaller than the tenon
heretofore usually employed, and the mortises or sockets of the felloe consist of a
series of bores reduced correspondingly from inside to outside to receive the con-
tinuous cylinders which compose the tenons.
Instead however of making the tenons cylindrical I may modify them into oval
forms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL DRYING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Camille Alphonse Faure at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1878.
CAMILLE ALPHONSE FAURE, of 44, South Road, Faversham, in the County of
Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL DRYING MACHINES."
These improvements relate to centrifugal hydro-extractors, and they are more
especially designed to render the same continuous in their action, and in such wise
that it is not required as heretofore to stop the machine to discharge the material
treated.
The basket or perforated drum which receives the substance to be dried is open
at both ends. It is conical in shape, and to the smaller end is socured a pulley
which receives the rotary motion from a drum in a countershaft, or by other
suitable means. A central shaft is fitted with a cap, closing partially the larger
end of the conical basket. It also carries at its outer end a pulley, which is con-
nected by a belt with a drum on the above-named countershaft, and it is maintained
in position preferably by two rollers. This centre shaft is held at its end within
the basket by resting in a bearing inside the pulley at the smaller end.
The substance to be treated is introduced through the pulley at the smaller ends.
The central shaft carries arms, set at an angle with the direction of the motion, in
order to stir up the substance and to push it towards the larger end, there being a
slight differential speed between the basket and the central shaft.
The main framing is preferably so arranged as to form a casing over the basket;
it is provided with two compartments for the reception of the liquid and of the
dried substance respectively. Upon this casing is erected the countershaft with its
two drums for driving differentially the basket and the central shaft. It also carries
the fast and loose pullies which receives the first notion. The bearings of this
shaft are adjustable for the purpose of tightening the belt. The central shaft is
perforated for the introduction of water for liquoring or washing purposes.
An

page_text: archimedian screw projecting through the pulley at the smaller end serves for
feeding regularly from a suitable tank close by.
The axis of system may also be vertical by the addition of dash plates to prevent
the substance falling right through.
The countershaft may be below or on the same level as the basket, and may be 1
driven directly by a special engine.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE HANDLES OF UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, RIDING WHIPS, AND HUNTING CROPS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO FISHING RODS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Church at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1878.
ROBERT CHURCH, of Aldersgate, in the City of London. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE HANDLES OF UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, RIDING WHIPS, AND HUNTING
CROPS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO FISHING RODS."
My Invention relates to an improvement in the construction of umbrella, walking
stick, riding whip, and hunting crop handles, applicable also to fishing rods, and it
consists in a handle constructed of metal or other suitable material, and preferably
of a conical form externally, and adapted by means of a socket or ferrule, screw
joint, or otherwise to be fixed on to the umbrella or walking stick.
The upper part of the handle is made box-like or hollowed cylindrically to
contain matches or other articles, and is made to open, the end being for that purpose
furnished with a hinged lid or cap secured by a spring cap or otherwise; or it may
be constructed to open at the side, and be provided with a hinged or sliding door.
AN IM- PROVED BOTTLING MACHINE FOR AËRATED WATERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lauchlan Rose, of 11, Curtain Road, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Lime Juice Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED BOTTLING MACHINE FOR AËRATED WATERS."
Scaled the 31st May 1878, and dated the 3rd April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lauchlan Rose at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1878.
LAUCHLAN ROSE, of 11, Curtain Road, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Lime Juice Merchant. "AN IMPROVED BOTTLING MACHINE FOR AERATED
WATERS."
The improved machipe consists of the ordinary upright iron or other plate or
stand with back or other support. On the right and upper portion is attached a
filling and syruping pump, the novelty of which consists in the piston being formed
of the same diameter and about the same length as the cylinder, in place of the
ordinary form of piston, consisting of rod and bucket attachments, as at present
in use.
This improved construction of pump gives greater steadiness in working, and
consequently is less liable to fail in its proper action.
I also provide a valve for shutting off the pressure of the filling machine when
taking a stroke of the syrup pump, which valve action in the pumps at present in
use is very much impeded by the pressure above referred to. The usual valve is
also provided for the process of syruping.
Further, I provide a spring action upon the back supporting rod, which presses
the bottle down to the nozzle of the filling machine. This rod hitherto has been
worked by a lever with weight attachments working at the back of the machine,
and treadle in front. This action is however objectionable from the shaking, and

page_text: necessarily the friction upon every part of the machine, which is very much lessened
by the use of the spring attachment referred to, which shoots up the of the
cap
supporting rod free of the bottle without any such friction, the treadle being used
by the foot as with the lever weight at present in use, forming besides a neater
and more compact machine.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOAF AND LIKE BREAD
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Vicars, the elder, John Vicars,
the elder, Thomas Vicars, the younger, John Vicars, the younger, and James
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June
1878.
THOMAS VICARS, the elder, JOHN Vicars, the elder, THOMAS VICARS, the younger,
JOHN VICARS, the younger, Engineers, and JAMES SMITш, Baker, all of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOAF AND
LIKE BREAD.”
The object of the Invention is to so work, knead, or manipulate dough after it
has been mixed and separated into pieces, that such pieces shall be of uniform
consistency throughout, and shall, after having been shaped, be suitable for the oven
or firing.
•
For the above purpose the pieces of dough are doubled back upon themselves,
and are passed between two or more pairs of rotating rolls, the doubling back
being performed each time before the said pieces of dough are passed between
the rolls.
In carrying our Invention into practice we make use of an ordinary or any
desired dough mixing machine, from which the dough is fed through between a
pair of rotating rolls, and cut off by a cutter in the required quantities to form a
loaf or desired article. The said pieces of dough are then passed in succession
through between rotating rolls, by preference three times, and each piece is doubled
back upon itself each time before it passes through between the said rotating
rolls.
The pieces of dough are afterwards moulded and placed in tins or on trays by hand
or otherwise for baking.

page_text: The advantages secured by our improvements are thorough working of the dough
into uniform consistency, reduction of cost in producing the desired article, and
improved and regular quality of the bread, these results being mainly brought
about by the doubling back of the dough upon itself before each passage through
between the rolls.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING APPLIANCE FOR CORRECTING AND ADJUSTING HEELING ERRORS IN COMPASSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1878.
(A communication from Carl Christian Plath, of Hamburg, in the German
Empire.)
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING APPLIANCE FOR
CORRECTING AND ADJUSTING HEELING ERRORS IN COMPASSES." (A communication
from Carl Christian Plath, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.)
The heeling error arises to a great extent thereby that by the heeling over or
inclination of the ship magnetism is produced in the masses of soft iron athi wartship,
and especially the deck beams; except in quite exceptional cases this magnetism
produces in the northern hemisphere a south pole in the weather side or raised ends
of the iron parts and in the lee side or depressed ends a north pole, and the north
end of the compass needle is deflected towards the weather side of the ship.
According to this my Invention I arrange athwartship in the vicinity of the
compass, and in connection with one or more pendulums, bars of soft iron, which
when the ship heels over to one side or the other can incline in the opposite
direction, and in the elevated ends of which a south pole and in the depressed ends
a north pole is produced. As a consequence, as the elevated ends of the athwart-
ship situated soft iron masses of the ship and of the iron bars of my apparatus are
on the opposite sides of the compass, the needle of the compass will be between two
similar magnetic poles, which if equally strong in effect exert no deflection on the
needle, or in other words, the deflection produced by the magnetism of the trans-
verse masses of soft iron in the ship will be nullified or counterbalanced by the
magnetism of the soft iron bars of my apparatus.
I suspend the pendulums by preference on the side of the compass case, while
the soft iron bars may be suspended inside the compass case, and I move them
from the pendulums by lever or other appliances. Or the iron bars of the
apparatus may be arranged outside on the side of the compass case or above it.
AN IMPROVED GLOVE FASTENER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1878. [A communication
from abroad by George Havell, of the Firm of Roberts and Havell, of Newark,
New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturers.]
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED GLOVE FASTENER." [A com-
munication from abroad by George Havell, of the Firm of Roberts and Havell, of
Newark, New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturers.]
The said Invention relates to a glove fastener composed of two arms pivotted at
one end, and provided with peculiar fastening devices at the other end. These two
arms are inserted in the slit of the glove, and are attached to its edges by means
of holes. The said arms are provided at a suitable distance from their outer ends
with knobs or protuberances, which may be made separate and fastened to the said
arms by rivetting, soldering, or in any other suitable manner, or may be formed on
the said arms by pressing up part of the same. They are, preferably, formed on or
attached to projections on the inner edges of the arms.
At the front of the projection on one arm, and at the rear of the opposite
projection, is a curved recess for the opposite arm to enter when the fastener is
closed. The said knobs or protuberances are to be placed in such positions, that
when the said arms are brought together they will interlock and hold the glove,
and the same will be thereby closed and fastened and yet may be easily opened by
springing the arms.
The said knobs or protuberances may be of any convenient shape and size, but
must in all cases be so formed and arranged that a convex portion on one knob
will when the fastener is closed engage with a concave or hollow portion of the other
knob. And a very important feature of this device is the springing or elasticity of
the arms, whereby this opening and closing of the fastener are greatly facilitated
and its security when closed is increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR MAKING THE FLOORS OF DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS FIREPROOF
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Butler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1878.
FRANCIS BUTLER, of Number 9, Great James Street, Bedford Row, in the County
of Middlesex, Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR
MAKING THE FLOORS OF DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS FIREPROOF."
1. By affixing to either side of the ordinary timber joists constituting the framework
of the floor a "springer" or "cheek" made of burnt clay, terra cotta, cement, or
other similar material, the said springer or cheek being supported by a fillet of
wood and nails so as to lap over and completely envelope the lower part of each
joist.
The springer or cheek is grooved at the upper and lower sides, and in the grooves
are inserted tiles marked "A" and "B" on the plan, which tiles are made of the
same material as the springer or cheek, and other and smaller tiles marked "O" on
the plan are fixed to the bottom of each joist, by which means the lower part of
each joist is covered and protected.
The bottom of each springer and the bottom of the tiles marked "B" and "C"
are grooved in a dovetailed manner, and form a key for the plasterwork of the
ceiling; ordinary "pugging" to the depth of 14" or 2” is laid on the uppermost side
of tile "A."
2. The first variation of the above Specification and which forms part of the present
Invention is as follows, viz.:-The springer or cheek is made in cement or plaster,
and the space between is filled in with concrete composed of burnt ballast or other
suitable material mixed with Portland or other cement or plaster, the whole being
finished as before with plaster on the under side to form the ceiling; such variation
is marked "2" on Drawing "1"
The second variation of the above Specification and which forms part of the
present Invention is as follows, viz.:-The springer or cheek is made of the same
material as stated in the original design, but instead of the tiles concrete composed
of the same material as stated in the first variation is used as shewn in the variation
marked "2" on Drawing "2."

page_text: The third variation of the above Specification and which forms part of the
present Invention is as follows, viz.:-Two hollow squares of pottery are inserted
between the two joists, so as to leave a space between the said two squares, which
space is filled in with plaster; each of the two hollow squares rests on a fillet of
wood and tiles affixed to the joists, as shewn in Drawing "1."
The fourth variation of the above Specification and which forms part of the
present Invention is as follows, viz. :-One hollow square of pottery is inserted
between the two joists. The said hollow square rests on the fillets affixed to the
joists, as shewn in Drawing 1.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND LIKE WEATHER PROTECTORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1878.
JOSEPH CROSS, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAMES OF UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND LIKE
WEATHER PROTECTORS,"
This Invention relates to improvements on former Letters Patent granted to me
dated the Thirteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and seventy,
Number 109, the object of the present improvements being to greatly strengthen
the frame of the umbrella or other like weather protector with but little increase to
either the weight or bulk of the frame, thus obviating the objections against
umbrellas made with two sets of ordinary stretchers, as described in the Speci-
fication of my said former Letters Patent, and also in other constructions which
when closed are bulky and heavy. The present improvements consist chiefly in
attaching to each rib of the frame and at a few inches nearer to the outer end than
where the ordinary stretcher is attached thin pieces of flat steel wire, and coupling
two such flat steel wires together (at the ends which are not fixed to the ribs) with
tubes of india rubber, or brass, or other suitable means; the ends so coupled together
are then attached to a slide on the stick between the ordinary runner and top notch
or crown. By this arrangement when the umbrella is closed the herein before
described flat wires will lie between the ribs without increasing the bulk of the
umbrella. When the umbrella is open or spread, the said flat steel wires will form
curved lines between two of the ordinary stretchers, alternately making the frame
very strong and flexible. When the pressure of the wind is on the cover
externally, the flat steel wires then being in a curved form in opposite directions
give a great internal protection to the whole frame; when sudden gusts of wind
מ

page_text: strike the umbrella from the inside, the flat steel wires pull in opposite directions,
and so prevent the umbrella from being turned inside out, and the frames from
being broken. Further, there will be no grating or friction when the umbrella is
being put up or down, and the ribs will not lock or catch as is usual with umbrellas
of the ordinary construction.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RULING MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR RULING ACCOUNT BOOKS, MUSIC, INVOICES, OR OTHER FORMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rüntz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1878. A communication
from abroad by John C. Douglas, Her Majesty's Superintendent of Telegraphis,
Calcutta, India.
JOHN RUNTZ, of Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED RULING MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR RULING ACCOUNT BOOKS, MUSIC,
INVOICES, OR OTHER FORMS." A communication from abroad by John C. Douglas,
Her Majesty's Superintendent of Telegraphs, Calcutta, India.
According to this Invention a cylinder of any suitable length, diameter, and
material is employed to act as an automatic parallel ruler.
On the surface of the cylinder are raised lines or ridges corresponding with the
lines required, plain or of other suitable design, as waved, dotted, or otherwise.
On rolling the cylinder on an inking pad and then on the material to be ruled lines
are ruled on the latter, and the cylinder being true the lines ruled are straight and
parallel to each other, and a guide frame may be used although not actually
required.
The ruling cylinder has convenient handles, and the ridges on its surface may be
adjustable.
Any ink may be used, but advantageously transfer paper or cloth is employed.
The length of the cylinder is that of the paper to be ruled, so that a sheet of
paper may be ruled at one operation, a separate roller being employed for each
particular purpose, such as for ruling lines at equal distances apart, music, account
columns, invoices, or other ruled forms.
For continuous ruling the marking roller may revolve in contact with an inking
roller.
Thus the main features of the Invention consist, firstly, of a cylinder for ruling in
the manner described for ruling generally; 2nd, the use of cylinders for hand
ruling without a second ruler, and with ink, or merely to indent the paper; 3rd,
the use of transfer paper for hand ruling; 4th, the combination of the cylinder and
transfer paper or cloth for ruling by hand or machine.
A NEW OR IM- PROVED DEVICE FOR REMOVING FOOD AND SECRETIONS FROM BETWEEN THE TEETH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Reid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1878. A communication froin
abroad by Alfred P. Merrill, of the City, County, and State of New York,
United States of America.
THEODORE REID, of Hendon, in the County of Middlesex. "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED DEVICE FOR REMOVING FOOD AND SECRETIONS FROM BETWEEN THE TEETH."
[A communication from abroad by Alfred P. Merrill, of the City, County, and State
of New York, United States of America.]
It is well known that the decay of the teeth is principally due to the food which
deposits between them while being masticated, and which cannot be dislodged with
the ordinary tooth brush. The method recommended for this purpose is to intro-
duce a piece of thread (or preferably "floss silk") between the teeth and draw it
through with the fingers, which is however highly inconvenient in practice, and
the object of the present Invention is to provide a simple device convenient in use
for the purpose.
The device consists in a curved rod or bow carrying a spool or bobbin of floss
silk or thread, which is distended thereon and furnished with a handle by which
it is held, and the silk or thread drawn between the teeth for removing any food
or secretions which may have become lodged therein.
The bow is preferably of metal of round section, and has affixed thereto at about
the middle of its length a cap, serving to enclose the bobbin or spool, which is
attached to a cup that is free to be revolved on the rod or bow for adjusting the
silk or thread, and may be removed therefrom for replenishing the spool when all
the silk or thread has been used.
The fixed cap and the cup, when the device is in uso, completely enclose the silk
and protect it from damage.
The handle is tubular, and slides on the stem of the bow, it being firmly locked
in position thereon by a nut on its end.

page_text: The silk or thread is led from the bobbin through a slot in the fixed cap before
mentioned, and passed through a hole at the extremity of the bow, where it is
secured by a knot. A cutting edge may also be provided at this point for severing
the silk or thread after it has been used.
The tension of the silk may be readily adjusted by loosening the nut on the 5
stem until the spool carrier can be turned on the rod to wind the thread on the
bobbin, after which the nut is again tightened, so as to firmly fix it in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Byram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY BYRAM, Employé of Messrs. Walton and Brear, of Bradford, in
the County of York, Plumbers and Gas Fitters. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-WATER
HEATING APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to constructing upright water-heating tubular boilers of
an improved form, and in fitting horizontal cross-water tubes in the interior of the
boiler, and also in fitting over the top waterway casting a chambered waterway
cover, connected to the top waterway casting by a tube, leaving a space for the
fire and gases to travel through, whereby greater heating surface is obtained,
utilizing to the utmost the heat, and thereby effecting a great saving in the amount
of coal or other fuel used in the process of heating. For this purpose I construct
the water-heating apparatus with tubular furnace bars, which are fitted in front
and back chambered waterway castings, over which on suitable brickwork I fit a
chambered oblong waterway frame. On the sides of the frame I firmly secure
wrought or cast iron upright tubes, which are secured at the tops in a chambered
waterway casting. On the top parts of the second row of front and back side tubes
I secure two or three horizontal tubes, to which are connected smaller longitudinal
tubes. Over the top chambered waterway casting I secure a chambered waterway
cover, which is connected to the top waterway casting by a tube. A space is formed
between the top of the top waterway casting, and the bottom of the waterway
cover for the fire, gases, and smoke to travel through, which pass from the interior
of the apparatus through an opening made at the back of the top waterway
casting.
The apparatus is fitted in brickwork with front, side, and back Blues; in the front
of the brick work is fitted a frame, in which is fitted a plate, and over which is fitted
the feeding door, the top of which is near the bottom front horizontal tube, allowing
the banking up of the fuel on the furnace bars, and a slow consumption of the fuel.
The feed pipe is fitted to the bottom waterway frame, and pipes connect this frame
to the waterway castings of the tubular bars, giving a free circulation of the
water.

page_text: The fire, gases, and smoke travel round the surfaces of the tubes and pipes,
passing through the opening in the top chambered waterway casting through the
space of the chambered waterway cover, striking the top and bottom surfaces, and
escape through a suitable flue to the chimney. By these means I utilize to the
utmost the heat, effecting a great saving in the amount of fuel used in the process
of heating.
A NEW OR IM- PROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING ROTARY MOTION TO HAIR BRUSHES BY MEANS OF ELECTRICITY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William North at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
WILLIAM NORTH, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING ROTARY MOTION TO
HAIR BRUSHES BY MEANS OF ELECTRICITY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be employed for driving or communicating
rotary motion to hair brushes, such as are generally employed by hair dressers,
instead of having the same to turn by hand or other motive power as heretofore,
the apparatus being equally applicable for similar purposes where the amount of
power required is not very great.
The apparatus consists of an electro-magnetic engine composed of an iron spindle
carrying a number of electro-magnets, wound with insulated copper wire, and
thrown into the battery circuit by brass or platinum pins which revolve with an
outer frame upon the central spindle, and make contact with the terminals of the
electro-magnets.
The frame (carrying the pins) which may be in the form of a drum, is provided
with soft iron armatures, and is caused to revolve by the making and unmaking of
the electro-magnets upon the central spindle. Reciprocating electro-motors may
also be applied to drive or give a rotary motion to the drum.
For hair brushing purposes the drum may be cased with wood carrying the
brushes, so that the whole of the apparatus will be contained within the brush
with the exception of the wire required to connect same with the battery, which
may consist of a number of constant voltaic batteries or cells such as are used for
telegraphic purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HALTERS OR BRIDLES FOR HOLDING AND TAMING HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1878. (A communication from
abroad by Raoul Hubert Delisle, of Paris, France.)
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HALTERS OR BRIDLES FOR HOLDING AND TAMING HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS." [A communication from abroad by Raoul Hubert Delisle, of Paris,
France.]
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
The object of this Invention is to provide a halter or bridle which will firmly
hold animals in a stable or other place, while at the same time it is useful for curing
or breaking them of vice, or for taming young and unbroken horses and other
animals.
A convenient way of carrying the Invention into effect is as follows:-There is
a loose metal ring free to travel on the rear part of a looped nose-piece; this ring
is linked to the loose ring by means of a loop or otherwise through which a cord
passes, the ends of the said cord being attached to the head-piece of the halter.
The halter cord is connected to the back end of the looped nose-piece by a ring, or
in any other convenient way.
The halter, when in use, rests easily on the animal's head so long as he is quiet,
but as soon as he begins to pull from the manger or other place to which he may
be attached the loose ring travels up the looped nose-piece, and thereby causing the
nose-piece proper to squeeze or compress the animal's nose, and the more he pulls
the greater is the pressure exerted on the nose of the animal.
It has been found in practice that the animal soon finds out that he must not
jump about or be restive, or his nostrils will be pinched, and he soon ceases to
attempt to do it.
For very violent animals it is well to attach them with a ring placed somewhat
higher, and with a shorter cord; the positions may be adjusted by buckles; the
action is the same, viz., that of the ring on the looped nose-piece, and compressing
same on animal's nose when he pulls or shies.
MENTS IN VALVES FOR WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER SANITARY PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Anderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1878.
JOSEPH ANDERSON, of Wortley, in the County of York, Plumber.
MENTS IN VALVES FOR WATERCLOSETS AND OTHER SANITARY PURPOSES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention has for its object preventing the escape of noxious gases or effluvia
from waterclosets, drain pipes, lavatories, sinks, and other similar places or appara-
tus, and also preventing the water from being syphoned out of the trap or bend,
and those objects are effected in the following manner:-
In applying my Invention to waterclosets, for example, I make the basin with a
curved pipe having a clear waterway into a receiver, which is also provided with an
outlet to the drain; this receiver is closed by an air-tight lid. At the end of the
curved pipe, which is allowed to project a short distance into the receiver, and also
at the mouth of the outlet in the receiver, I fix suitable valves, both being con-
nected with the lever and handle, so that one is raised at the same time that the
other is lowered.
The valve at the end of the curved pipe is lifted when the handle is raised, but
it has also a short vertical movement or play on the lifting rod. The valve is of
sufficient weight to keep and retain the required quantity of water in the bend of
the pipe so as to form a "trap;" but if from any cause (such as leakage from the
supply cistern) more water is run into the basin, the weight being in excess of the
valve, raises it, and the surplus water escapes, thus the necessity for an overflow
pipe, which is frequently the means by which foul gases escape into the house is
obviated.
In ordinary use, when the handle is raised, the valve is also raised, and the con-
tents of the basin and the water in the bend is flushed through into the receiver,
the outlet being closed. The handle and valve being lowered, the outlet is opened
and discharges into the drain. The water in the curved pipe or trap cannot be
acted upon or absorbed by the foul gas as the end of the pipe is closed by the
valve.
In some cases the outlet valve may be dispensed with.

page_text: A modification of my Invention as applied to sinks, drain pipes, street gullys,
and similar pipes, may be constructed as follows:-At any convenient place I curve
the pipe so as to form a bend or trap, the end of the pipe entering into an enlarged
portion of the down pipe, and at the outlet of the bend or trap I arrange a valve which
may be spherical or of other suitable construction, and of such a weight as to 5
retain only the required amount of water in the bend when the pipe is not being
used; the valve by its own gravity rests on the seating and closes the trap, thus
preventing the water from being syphoned out or acted upon by foul gas.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR THE CURE OF CANCERS, TUMOURS, CORNS, WARTS, AND SIMILAR EXCRESCENCES.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Levi James Dart, of Albion, Mendocino County, California,
United States of America, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND AND
PROCESS FOR THE CURE OF CANCERS, TUMOURS, CORNS, WARTS, AND SIMILAR
EXCRESCENCES.'
"
Sealed the 20th September 1878, and dated the 29th July 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Levi James Dart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1878.
LEVI JAMES DART, of Albion, Mendocino County, California, United States of
America. "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR THE CURE OF CANCERS,
TUMORS, CORNS, WARTS, AND SIMILAR EXCRESCENCES."
My Invention relates to a novel compound and process of application of the same
for the treatment of cancers, tumors, and excrescences of all sorts; and it consists
in the employment of a certain compound which is applied externally for a short
time, after which the excrescence is treated with another application until it will
fall out. An internal remedy is taken for a short time previous to the application,
as will be more fully described hereafter.
In order to make my compound I employ the tannates of potash and lime with
some of the carbonates, which are produced by the incineration of vegetable fibre
or bark, a concentrated solution being made of the whole.
In order to produce my compound in the simplest and most effective form I take
the outer bark of the swamp ash (fraximus sambucifolia), found in Canada and
Northern United States, and incinerate it, gathering the ashes, which I then leach,
and concentrate the lixivium until it is thick and syrupy.
The process then is as follows:-The substance thus formed is applied to the
surface of the cancer, corn, wart, or other excrescences, and the application is
continued until all pain ceases, usually from one to four hours, when the cancer will
be killed. I then apply a poultice, which is most effective when made of a paste of

page_text: flour or dough which has become sour. This application is removed as often as
necessary, and is kept on until the cancer falls out, which will occupy fifteen to
twenty days.
In the case of a cancer I make a decoction of hemlock branches in water and
boil it down. This is taken internally for a few days previous to applying the
external remedy directly to the cancer.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure
by Letters Patent is,―
1st. The compound herein described, consisting of the constituents of the bark of
the fraximus reduced to ashes, then leached and concentrated to a syrup, substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein described.
2nd. The process, consisting essentially in applying the herein-described compound
of the fraximus, and then afterwards a poultice for the removal of excrescences,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Levi James Dart, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witnesses,
GEO. H. STRONG.
FRANK A. BROOKS.
.
LEVI JAMES DART.. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antlion Steenberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1878. A communication
from Hugo Lilliehook, of Stockholm, Sweden.
ANTHON STEENBERG, Patent Agent, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
A communication from Hugo Lilliehook, of Stockholm, Sweden.
The Invention relates to a novel method of warming railway carriages.
For this purpose a heating space or chamber is employed below the bottom of
the carriage in which a steam pipe is placed.
To this steam pipe are fixed a number of rings, discs, or flanges, by which the
surface for the radiation of the heat is enlarged.
Upon each end of the steam pipe is a small chamber to collect the condensed
steam or water, from which it can be drawn off by incans of a cock or valve.
Openings are formed in the bottom of the carriage through which the heated air
rises from the heating space or chamber, and fresh air is admitted to the heating
space or chamber through openings in the bottom thereof, a valve or regulator being
employed to enable the passengers to regulate the quantity of heated air admitted
to the carriage.
The steam pipe below each carriage is connected to the next by means of a
flexible tube whereby such steam pipes can be easily coupled and uncoupled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOE FASTENINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOE
FASTENINGS." A communication from abroad by Jean Barbe, of Sauterne,
in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1878.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORSE SHOE FASTENINGS." A communication from abroad by Jean
Barbe, of Sauterne, in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist in the employment of nails or fasteners of a special
form which do not require clinching, and can consequently be removed and used
again with a facility simalar to an ordinary wood screw in the hands of a carpenter.
The body of the nail is tapered from back to front, the point is bent to a peculiar
curve, and the point of the nail is also barbed or rather shouldered. There is no
head properly speaking to the nail, the hold being obtained by the taper.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
May 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HORSE SHOE FASTENINGS." A communication from abroad by Jean Barbe, of
Sauterne, in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist in the construction and application to horse shoes of
nails or fasteners of a special form, which do not require clinching, and can con-
sequently be removed and used again with facility, and without injuring the hoof.
The body of the nail is tapered from back to front, the thin end is slightly bent to
a curve, and the point of the nail slightly barbed or provided with a little shoulder.
There is no head, properly speaking, to the nail, the hold being obtained by the
taper, and the point of the described nail does not penetrate through the hard wall
or crust of the hoof, thereby differing from the ordinary practice of driving the
ends of the nails through the hard wall of the hoof, and rivetting or clenching them
thereon.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifteenth day of May. A.D. 1879.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE SCRAP OR WASTE PRODUCED IN THE TIN AND TERNE PLATE MANUFACTURE, WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE FOR THE UTILIZATION OF SCRAP OR WASTE IN OTHER MANUFACTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edmunds at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1878.
HENRY EDMUNDS, junior, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, Gen-
tleman. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE
SCRAP OR WASTE PRODUCED IN THE TIN AND TERNE PLATE MANUFACTURE,
WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE FOR THE UTILIZATION OF SCRAP OR WASTE IN
OTHER MANUFACTURES."
Great difficulties have hitherto been experienced in removing the covering metal
from tin and terno plates, and the consequence has been that large mounds of scrap
have accumulated in localities where the tin plate manufacture is carried on.
Now the chief object of this Invention is to remove the coating metal of tin and
terne plates in a rapid and economical manner, and thereby not only to recover the
more valuable metal, but also to bring the scrap iron into a state fit for working up
again into plates. To this end I fuse the coating metal, and by centrifugal action
remove the same from the iron.
In carrying out this process I employ centrifugal apparatus so arranged as to
admit of the scrap being readily placed therein and withdrawn therefrom, and of
receiving a central fire for heating the scrap.
The rotating cylinder or drum of this apparatus I fit with a cage, which is packed
with the scrap intended to be utilized, and in the centre of this cylinder and of the
inserted cage is a fuel chamber for containing burning charcoal or its equivalent.
When the cylinder is charged and the fuel ignited a rapid rotary motion is applied
to the cylinder and its contents, and an indraught of air to the ignited fuel is thus
produced and maintained. The heat thereby generated is caused to impinge upon
the scrap, and raise the temperature of the mass to a sufficient height to fuse the
coating metal. The effect of the centrifugal action is to discharge the fused metal
in the form of spray into the casing of the apparatus, and to leave the iron in a clean
state. The cage containing the scrap is then to be removed and replaced by another
charged with fresh scrap, and the operation may then be repeated.

page_text: Instead of using a central charcoal fire the heat may be supplied from an adjacent
stove. This will permit of the temperature being nicely adjusted to suit the work
in hand, and thereby to prevent the volatilization of the metal, as, for example,
when zinc is required to be recovered, or otherwise injuring the substance under
treatment.
The above-described process I also propose to employ for the recovery of other
substances than metals; thus, for example, I am enabled to recover wax from the
scrap or waste produced in the manufacture of what are known as paper ornaments
used for decorating fire-places.
By submitting this waste to the combined action of hoat and centrifugal force
the wax will be liquefied and discharged from the cylinder into the enclosing case,
the paper being retained in the cage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOR- TISING CHISELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred J. Buttler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1878.
ALFRED J. BUTTLER, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America,
now of 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOR-
TISING CHISELS."
The object of my Invention is to furnish chisels of novel and peculiar formation,
and which will work more easily and with better results than mortising chisels of
the usual form.
I construct my improved chisels as follows, that is to say-According to one
manner of forming the same, the chisel is made flat or plane on its front surface and
two sides. The cutting edge of the said chisel consists of two outer straight portions
and a curved or semicircular central portion. From the rear of these two straight outer
cutting portions bevilled flat surfaces extend to and partially up the back of the chisel
with a channel or groove between them extending from the central, curved, or semi-
circular part of the cutting edge. The said channel is so formed that the flat side
surfaces are somewhat undercut, that is to say, their inner edges project slightly
over the central groove or channel.
According to a modification of the said Invention I form the chisel with a straight
front and sides, and with the lower part of its back bevelled or rounded, and I
make the back with a longitudinal groove or concavity extended to the cutting
edge. This concavity may be either curved or angular, so as to give the chisel a
curved or angular cutting edge. In this form of the said chisel the back edges at
the sides of the groove or concavity are sharp instead of presenting flat surfaces, as
in the chisel first above described.
These improved chisels may be of any desired dimensions, and are formed with a
shank or stem, whereby they are fitted in the socket of any suitable machine or
apparatus.
When my improved chisels are being used to cut a hole or mortise, they com-
mence to cut at the corners or outer portions of their cutting edges, and the chip or

page_text: core has its sides forced back and up and into a space narrower than the edge of
the chisel, so that it will come freely out of the mortise. Moreover, this contraction
of the chip or core increases the facility of forcing the chisel into the wood, so that
less power is required in operating the same than is necessary for working chisels
constructed in the ordinary manner; and the side edges of the lower rear or back 5
portion of my improved chisel will shave the sides of the hole or mortise and leave
the same in a better condition than would be practicable with an ordinary
chisel.