Improvements in the Process of Treating Incandescents for use with Gas Lamps or Burners.
Year: 1890

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 26th day of May 1898.
Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 13th Dec., 1890
Improvements in the Process of Treating Incandescents for use with
Gas Lamps or Burners.
I, CARL DELLWIK, of Rogers Park, Cook County, State of Illinois, United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to furnish a method by which incandescents for the
creation and distribution of light by means of gas flames can be treated so as to be
made more durable and so that they will supply an increased illumination with the
same consumption of gas.
Experience has shown that one of the principal difficulties to be overcome in the
use of incandescents for lighting purposes, has been the comparatively short life of
the incandescents and the continuous decrease of the candle power thereof, as well as
the comparatively small amount of light disseminated thereby.
Heretofore incandescents have been usually manufactured from magnesia, lime
zircon, and other comparatively poor conductors of heat or such as I hereinafter
denominate non-conducting materials.
Such non-conducting materials have been used to a considerable extent and with
varying success in providing light by the use of gas flames, but have never been of
such definite and certain value as to have been reduced to general use.
My invention overcomes many of the difficulties attending the use of the simple
materials herein before referred to, by so treating them with a material having the
quality of readily conducting the heat as to concentrate the effect of the heat and
thus to utilize the flame temperature of the gas to the greatest possible extent;
therefore I am able to furnish the highest incandescence, the greatest amount of light
with the least possible strain upon the durability of the incandescent. To carry my
invention into effect, I take the ordinary incandescent in whatever form the same
may be desired, or may be found of the greatest practical utility and coat a part of
the same with a material known to have no deleterious effect upon the illuminating
power of such incandescent and and at the same time which shall be one of the
materials known as a good conductor of heat.
It will be observed that I prefer to coat only a part of the incandescent, and not the
entire area thereof. This I have found in actual practice to be of great moment.
Such part should be the portion from which the light is to be disseminated and the
part where the greatest heat is centered. I have always noticed that such parts of
the incandescents as are outside the hotter sections of the flame give a comparatively
small amount of disseminated light. I have discovered that such outlying parts are
more useful in limiting the zone of greatest heat than in furnishing illumination.
By leaving such parts without the application of the coating referred to, they remain

page_text: in such condition that they convey the s:nallest amount of heat from the hotter area
of the incandescents where the light is disseminated. Whereas if such parts are
coated with the highly conducting materials, the heat which I prefer to concentrate
in a narrow space is conveyed and spread out to such an extent that its greatest effect
is diminished, if not destroyed. I do not intend to state that the luminous area
cannot be extended by increasing the heat and the area of the incandescents; but
what I do intend to state is that in the case of large or small incandescents,
not all of the same can be profitably or usefully coated with the materials
referred to.
Although I have mentioned the use of materials having a high power of conduct-
ing heat, yet not all materials having such power can be profitably or economically
employed. Many of such either by colour, texture, physical properties or the
chemical effects of the heat upon them produce a result so injurious or prejudicial to
the light that they are of no practical use. For instance, iron, molybdenum or cerium,
although they possess the qualities of being good conductors of heat, are not such as
can be utilized for the purposes of my invention, because their effect upon the light
is so deleterious.
Whereas chromium, cobalt, copper, platinum and iridium are at the same time
good conductors of heat and when treated by my process reinforce the effect of the
light.
To utilize the proper materials above referred to, I form a solution of the material
desired and paint or saturate the incandescent to be treated to such a point, or at
such a part as it is intended or expected that the same shall become highly luminous
and allow the same to dry. When properly dried, the incandescent must be submitted
to a high degree of temperature for a short time before the best results therefrom
can be obtained.
When heated some of the coatings above referred to are reduced to the form of
oxides; such are chromium, cobalt, copper and others which any person skilled in
the art will at once discern. Others when subjected to the same heat are reduced to
a metallic state. Such are for instance, platinum and iridium.
I find in practice, that when properly treated in the manner herein described, that
a much greater candle power is attained and that the incandescents also become
more durable than if the same materials are used without such treatment.
Dated this 8th day of February 1890.
Improvements in the Process of Treating Incandescents for use with
Gas Lamps or Burners.
I, CARL DELLWIK, late of Rogers Park, but now of Hyde Park, Cook County and
State of Illinois, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
2
The object of my invention is to provide a method by which incandescents for the
creation and distribution of light by means of gas flames can be treated so as to be 4
made more durable and so that they will supply an increased illumination with the
same consumption of gas.
Experience has shewn that one of the principal difficulties to be overcome in the
use of incandescents for lighting purposes, has been the comparatively short life of

page_text: the incandescents and the continuous decrease of the candle power thereof, as well as
the comparatively small amount of light disseminated thereby.
Heretofore incandescents have been usually manufactured from magnesia, lime,
zircon, and other comparatively poor conductors of heat.
To carry my invention into effect, I take the ordinary incandescent in whatever
form the same may be desired, or may be found of the greatest practical utility and
coat a part of the same with oxide of chromium.
I form a solution of chromium and paint or saturate the incandescent to be treated
to such a point; or at such a part as it is intended or expected that the same shall
become highly luminous, and allow the same to dry. When properly dried, the
incandescent must be submitted to a high degree of temperature for a short time
and until the volatile substances of the solution are expelled and the incandescent
coating or covering is reduced to such a condition that it will endure as long as
the incandescent shall be useful.
I find in practice that when properly treated in the manner herein described
a much greater candle power is obtained and that the incandescents also become
more durable than if the same materials are used without such treatment.
Having now particularly described and 'ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The herein described process of treating incandescents made of the oxides of
calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zirconium, or compounds of these oxides, by
covering or saturating them with a coating of chromium oxide.
1000
Dated 4h 10
CUT TO COR
1000
·0001
C. DELLWIK, 1
By L. W. per F. B.