Year: 1885

page_text: I PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the laying off or charting of copy in the subse-
quent composition of which a font of type or dies of known lateral dimensions are
to be used whereby the lines when composed either in type or with dies in a
matrix machine, will be of uniform and predetermined length, or as it is called in
the trade, justified.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing is a front view of a justifying machine
embodying this invention."
Fig. 2 is a top view thereof.
Fig. 3 is an end view enlarged.
Fig. 4 is a section of a portion in line x x Figure 7.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a detached portion in line.yy figure 3.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a detached portion.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section in line ¹¹ figure 2 enlarged.
Fig. 8 is a section in line , z, figure 7.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
Referring to these drawings:
A represents a table for supporting the working parts of the machine. B repre-
sents a horizontally arranged rotary shaft which is mounted on brackets B' which
are secured to the table A, said shaft having a key seat or groove a, which, near
one end, is of spiral form, as at a¹.
Mounted on the shaft B is a series of collars C, each of which is provided with a
feather or spline D, which enters the key seat a, whereby the collars are adapted to
rotate with said shaft B, and slide thereon. Encircling the collar C is a Hanged

page_text: lise E, the flange whereof is formed on its serrations of step form, as at b, the
several flanges projecting in the same direction parallel with the shaft B. Attached
to the back of the flanged disc is a ratchet wheel F, the hub portion whereof is
encircled by an annulus G, one portion whereof is formed with an arm G¹, forming
bearings for an anchor or double pointed dog H, one point whereof is adapted to
move the ratchet wheel F, and the other to prevent motion thereof, said points
being brought into action by the operation of the handle of the anchor, said handle
being conveniently accessible at the side of the machine, and provided with a key
head plate H¹, which is lettered or numbered, see figure 2.
The anchor is retained in position by means of a cap or plate c, which encircles
the shaft B, and is bolted to the hub portion of the ratchet F, and the annulus is
prevented from turning by having the arms G in contact with bars or other stops
at the side of the machine.
Above the shaft B and extending parallel therewith are two rods J, on which is
mounted a series of saddles K, in the middle of each of which is a pin L, oue end of
which bears against the back of one disc E, and the other end against one of the
teeth of the serrated edge of the adjacent disc, the several saddles being coupled
by slotted links M, which prevent the flanged discs from being separated beyond a
limited extent.
Referring to the figure 8, N represents a finger projecting from the flanged disc
inwardly towards the shaft B, so as to be struck or engaged by a toe P, projecting
outwardly from the collar C, when the shaft B is rotated.
On the shaft B in the prosent case, the right hand thereof, is a sliding frame Q,
which carries a longitudinally extending rack bar R, meshing with which is a
100thed segment S, of an index arm or pointer T, whereby, by the operation of said
segment, due to the motion of the rack bar, the index arm is caused to sweep over
a graduated disc or dial U, which is properly supported on the table or frame of
the machine. To the frame at the end next to the flanged discs, is attached a
pin L', similar to the pins L, so disposed as to strike the first disc of the series
when said frame is moved towards the same. This motion of the frame is
accomplished by cords V, which pass over pulleys d, mounted on the frame or
table A, and are provided with weights V', the power whereof at certain times is
exerted on the frame Q.
On the shaft B adjacent to the spiral portion of the key seat a, is a collar W,
which is provided with an inwardly projecting pin W¹³, which enters said key seat.
Attached to the collar is a lever X, which is fulcrumed at one end on the frame or
table A, and provided at the other end with a suitable handle, it being seen that
when the lever is operated, sliding motions are imparted to the collar W, and as the
pin W' enters the spiral portion of the key seat of the shaft B, rotary motions are
imparted to the said shaft, thus carrying the toes. of the collar C to strike the
fingers N of the flanged discs, whereby the latter are rotated, this being occasioned
when said discs are to be restored to their normal positions.
On the upper side of the collar W is mounted a dog X', the nose of which points
towards the frame Q, and passes through a slot in said frame, and is adapted to
engage with the wall thereof, see figure 5. Rising from the side of the collar W,
is a post Y, which is adapted to engage with a pin e, projecting from the side of a
dog Y, which is mounted on a stationary axis on the ends of the rods J, see the
right hand side of the figure 1. The nose of the dog Y¹ projects towards the
frame Q, and is adapted to engage with the adjacent end or wall thereof.
On the periphery or rim of the dial is a segment Z, which is adjustable on said
rim, and provided with finer graduations than those of the dial, and its purpose is
to make possible a greater degree of accuracy than would otherwise be attainable
in reading the travel of the index arm T over the dial U.
The operation is as follows:
When the flanged discs are in their normal positions, the serrations which are on
the highest part of the flanges are on line with the pins L, and the pin L¹ of the

page_text: frame Qis pressed against the first of the series of flanged discs by the action of
the weights V. The operator strikes the proper key heads or plates relatively to
the words, etc, it is desired to lay off. This operates the anchors in such manner
as to cause the rotation of the flanged discs through the medium of the ratchets,
the distance of one tooth of said ratchet, and consequently one step of the flanged
disc.
As the discs are rotated all in one direction, the steps on the decreasing parts of
the flanges are brought around successively in line with the pins L, whereby the
discs are permitted to close one on the other. As the frame Q moves, the rack
bar R is carried with it, and motion imparted to the segment S, whereby the index
arm travels over the dial U.
The proper key heads are struck or operated until enough words have been
measured to form a line, and as the flanged discs are rotated to an increased
extent, it is evident that the pins L come in contact with the lower serrations of
the flanged discs, whereby the latter continue to close on each other, and owing
to the further motion of the frame Q, the index arm T travels over the dial U to
increased extent. When a sufficient number of words have been thus measured
to complete a line, it is necessary to return the flanged discs to their normal
position, so that another line may be measured. For this purpose, the lever X
is operated in the present case to the right, thus moving the collar W over the
shaft B.
As the dog X' is engaged with the frame Q, the latter is carried back with the
collar W, until the latter arrives at the commencement of the spiral part a¹ of the
key seat, when the heel end of the dog ✗¹ strikes the axial rod Z¹ of the dog Y¹,
and is depressed, thus clearing the nose of the said dog X' from the frame Q.
Simultaneously therewith, the nose of the dog Y¹, drops into the frame Q which
has advanced towards it, and holds it against the pull of the weights V₁, and the
collar W is free to continue its travel over the spiral part al towards the end of
the shaft B. Furthermore, when the frame Q begins its motion it draws with it
the first link M of the series, so that the several flanged discs are successively
moved and separated one from the other the full extent allowed by the links M,
and then when the collar W reaches the spiral part a' of the key seat, and the
pin W¹ traverses said part, the shaft B is rotated, and owing to the toes P of the
collars C, and fingers N on the flanged discs E, the latter are rotated and restored
to their first position. The lever X is now partially operated in the reverse
direction, whereby the shaft B is again rotated likewise in the reverse direction,
and the toes of the collar C are carried from in front of the fingers towards the
rear thereof, so that said toes present no obstacle to the rotation of the flanged
discs when again operated by the key heads. As the collar W moves towards the
frame Q, the dog X' is brought into engaging contact with the said frame, thus
locking the collar and fraue, the dog acting automatically in such locking action,
owing to a suitably arranged spring bearing against it, or properly weighting its
front end. When the post Y reaches the pin e of the dog Y, it raises the dog clear
of connection with the frame Q, so that the frame Q is no longer controlled by said
dug Y, and may be moved by the weights V' when the flanged discs are again
rotated and close on each other.
r
Taking a standard font of type, say brevier size, I find that the lateral space
occupied by a small letter i is 36 thousands of an inch; the lateral space occupied
by a small letter.t, 44 thousandths of an inch; small letter e, 54. thousandths;
small letter n, 64 thousandths; and so on. All of the letters and characters of the
fout may be conveniently classed in seven sizes, and it is upon such a classification
that the machine herein described is. constructed; but for facility of manufacture
all the flanges of the feed disc are of uniform depth, and those classes of letters
which are most frequently used two discs are furnished. The serrations on the
flanges of the discs correspond in depth to the lateral dimensions of the classes of
letters to which they are assigned For instance, that disc, the key head of which

page_text: is lettered small i, has serrations of precisely 36 thousandths of an inch in depth;
that disc, the key head of which is lettered small t, has serrations exactly
44 thousandths of an inch in depth; and so on through all the classes.
Now referring to the description herein of the construction and operation of the
flanged discs and connected parts, it will be seen that if the disc which has a key
head lettered small i be rotated so that say three of its serrations come successively
into line with the pin on the inner end of the sliding frame Q, said frame will
move to the left, closing upon the flanged disc by the pull of the weights V' exactly
108 thousandths of an inch, which is precisely the lateral space which would be
occupied in a line by three of the small letters i. The movement as above, of the
frame Q, will, of course, carry with it the toothed segment S, which is engaged
with the rack bar R, and the index arm T will travel over a certain space of the
graduated rim of the dial U, if any other disc is rotated, a like result follows.
It is apparent then that to ascertain the space which will be occupied in a printed
line by any given word, it is necessary to strike the key heads of the discs appro-
priated to the letters in such word. Illustration:-Take the word "disc." Small a
belongs to the disc, the key head of which is lettered n; small i belongs to the
disc marked i; and smalls and c belong to the same class, and to the disc marked c
on the key head. To get the measure of the word "disc" therefore, the operator
strikes once the key head marked n, once that marked i, and twice the key head
marked c; it being understood that each stroke of a key head rotates its disc only
so far as to bring the next lower serration on the flange in line with the pin L.
When the operator has thus struck the key heads named, the frame Q with its
rack bar R will have moved to the left 64 thousandths of an inch for the small d,
36 thousandths of an inch for small i, 54 thousandths of an inch for small 8, the
same for small c, or a total movement of 208 thousandths of an inch, which is
the precise lateral space that will be occupied by the word "disc" in the printed
line. Having in this way measured one word, the operator proceeds with others
until he has measured as many as can be contained in the printed line with the
spaces necessary to separate the words. The whole object of the measurement is
to determine what those spaces shall be in order to make the line of the pre-
determined length. How this determination is arrived at will now be explained.
In this case, the movement of the index arm over one graduation on the rim
of the dial Uepresents a movement of the frame Q and rack bar R of 9 thousandths
of an inch. For the word "disc" taken above for illustration, the index arm T
would move over 23 graduations of the rim of the dial, and one ninth of a
graduation more; that is, the measure of the word was 208 thousandths of an
inch 208 divided by 9, equals 23 and one ninth. This and other liko fractions
may be disregarded. Now suppose it is desired to lay off a line one inch long, or
to avoid fractions, say 999 thousandths of an inch long. That length of line would
make the index arm T travel over 111 graduations of the rim of the dial U. The
right end of the movable scale Z is set therefore, at the 11th graduation to the
right of the number 300, on the dial, (see figure 1). The operator then proceeds
as with the word "disc" above. Suppose the word "disc".to be the first word
of his copy. He measures it as above described, and the index arm T marks off
23 graduations on the rim of the dial U. Suppose. the next word of the copy to
be "dies" to measure which requires the striking of the same key heads as in the
word "disc." When these are struck, the index arm T will mark 23 additional,
or in all, 46 graduations. Suppose the two words next in the copy to be "side
and "dice," each of the same value as "disc." When the proper key heads have
been struck for these words, the index arm T will have moved over 92 graduations
of the rim of the dial U, and will stand at the graduation numbered 19 on the
segment Z. The operator perceives that no more words can be contained in that
line, and that in order to spread the four words he has measured, so that they will
make the line full, the space represented by the 19 graduations remaining out of
the total measure of 111 graduations must be divided between the four words to
་་
"

page_text: separate them one from each other. That is, there being four words in the line,
there must be three spaces to separate them one from the other, and two of these
spaces must be six graduations each, and the remaining one seven graduations,
making 19. In other words, as each graduation of the rim of the dial Ū represents
a lateral space in the printed line of 9 thousandths of an inch, the above spaces
will be two of them 54 thousandths each, and one of them 63 thousandths. To
indicate this to the compositor, the operator marks the copy thus:-disc dies side
dice 19-3, the number 19 to show the total number of graduations, and the
number 3 to indicate the number of spaces into which they are to be divided.
Dated this Fifteenth day of Sentember 1885

page_text: Composition.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication from abroad by William Humphrey Knowles
temporarily of 24 Boulevard des Capucines Paris) and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
This invention has for its object the laying off or charting of copy, in the
subsequent composition of which, a font of type or dies of known lateral
dimensions are to be used, whereby the lines when composed, either in type r
with dies in a matrix machine, will be of uniform and predetermined length, or,
as it is called in the trade justified.
Figure 1. of the accompanying drawing is a front view of a justifying machine
embodying this invention.
Figure 2. is a top view thereof.
Figure 3. is an end view enlarged.
Figure 4. is a section of a portion in line x. x. figure 7.
Figure 5. is a vertical section of a detached portion in line y. y figure 3.
Figure 6. is a side elevation of a detached portion.
Figure 7. is a longitudinal section in line x³ ³, figure 2 enlarged.
Figure 8. is a section in lines, figure 7.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
Referring to these drawings:
A. represents a table for supporting the working parts of the machine B. repre-
sents a horizontally arranged rotary shaft which is mounted on brackets B³ which
are secured to the table A, said shaft having a key seat or groove a. which, near
one end, is of spiral form, as at a¹.
Mounted on the shaft B. is a series of collars C, each of which is provided with
a feather or spline D, which enters the key seat a whereby the collars are adapted
to rotate with said shaft B, and slide thereon. Encircling the collar C, is a flanged
disc E, the flange whereof has formed on it serrations of step form, as at b. the
several Banges projecting in the same direction parallel with the shaft B.
Attached to the back of the flanged disc is a ratchet wheel F, the hub portion
whereof is encircled by an annulus G, one portion whereof is formed with an
arm G¹, forming bearings for an anchor or double pointed dog H, one point
whereof is adapted to move the ratchet wheel F and the other to prevent motion
thereof, said points being brought into action by the operation of the handle of the
anchor, said handle being conveniently accessible at the side of the machine, and
provided with a key head plate H¹, which is lettered or numbered, see figure 2.
The anchor is retained in position by means of a cap or plate c. which eucircles
the shaft B, and is bolted to the hub portion of the ratchet F, and the annulus is

page_text: prevented from turning by having the arms G¹ in contact with bars or other stops
at the side of the machine.
Above the shaft B, and extending parallel therewith are two rods J, on which
is mounted a series of saddles K, in the middle of each of which is a pin L, one
end of which bears against the back of one disc E, and the other end against
one of the teeth of the serrated edge of the adjacent disc, the several saddles being
coupled by slotted links M which prevent the flanged discs from being separated
beyond a limited extent.
Referring to figure 8, N. represents a finger projecting from the flanged disc
inwardly towards the shaft B, so as to be struck or engaged by a toe P, projecting
outwardly from the collar C, wlien the shaft B. is rotated.
On the shaft B, in the present case, the right hand thereof, is a' sliding frame. Q
which carries a longitudinally extending rack bar R. meshing with which is a
toothed segment s. of an index arm or pointer T. whereby, by the operation of
said segment, due to the motion of the rack bar, the index arm is caused to sweep
over a graduated disc or dial U which is properly supported on the table or frame
of the machine.
To the frame at the end next to the flanged disc, is attached a pin L¹, similar to
the pins L so disposed as to strike the first disc of the series when said frame is
moved towards the same. This motion of the frame is accomplished by cords V,
which pass over pulleys d, mounted on the frame or table A, and are provided
with weights V¹ the power whereof at certain times is exerted on the frame Q.
On the shaft B adjacent to the spiral portion of the key seat a. is a collar W,
which is provided with an inwardly projecting pin W¹, which enters said' key seat.
Attached to the collar is a lever X, which is fulcrumed at one end on the frame or
table A, and provided at the other end with a suitable handle; it being seen that
when the lever is operated, sliding motions are imparted to the collar W, and' as
the pin W. enters the spiral portion of the key seat of the shaft B, rotary motions
are imparted to said shaft, thus carrying the toes of the collar C. to' strike the
fingers N of the flanged discs, whereby the latter are rotated, this being occasioned
when said discs are to be restored to their normal positions.
On the upper side of the collar W, is mounted a dog' X¹, the nose of which
points towards the frame Q, and passes through a slot in said frame; and' is adapted
to engage with the wall thereof, see figure 5. Rising from the side of the collar W,
is a post Y, which is adapted to engage with a pin e, projecting from the side of a
dog Y', which is mounted on a stationary axis on the ends of the rods J, see the
right hand side of the figure 1. The nose of the dog Y¹ projects towards the
frame and is adapted to engage with the adjacent end or wall thereof.
On the periphery or rim of the dial is a segment Z, which is adjustable on' said
rim, and provided with finer graduations than those of the dial, and its purpose
is to make possible a greater degree of accuracy than would otherwise be attainable
in reading the travel of the index arm Tover the dial U.
The operation is as follows:
When the flanged discs are in their normal positions, the serrations' which are
on the highest part of the flanges are on line with the pins L and the pin L" of the
frame is pressed against the first of the series of flanged discs by the action of
the weights V. The operator strikes the proper key heads or plates relatively to
the words, etc, it is desired to lay off. This operates the anchors in such mander
as to cause the rotation of the flanged discs through the medium of the ratchet;
the distance of one tooth of said ratchet, and consequently one step of the flanged
disc. As the discs are rotated all in one direction, the steps on the decreasing
parts of the flanges are brought around successively in line with the pins L,
whereby the discs are permitted to close one on the other. As the frame moves,
the rack bar R is carried with it, and motion imparted to the segment S, whereby
the index arm travels over the dial U. The proper key: heads are struck or
operated until enough words have been measured to form a line, and as the

page_text: .
flanged discs are rotated to an increased extent, it is evident that the pins L come
in contact with the lower serrations of the flanged discs, whereby the latter
continue to close on each other, and owing to the further motion of the frame Q,
the index arm T travels over the dial U. to increased extent. When a sufficient
number of words have been thus measured to complete a line, it is necessary to
return the flanged discs to their normal position, so that another line may be
measured. For this purpose the lever X is operated in the present case to the
right, thus moving the collar W over the shaft B. As the dog X¹ is engaged with
the frame the latter is carried back with the collar W, until the latter arrives at
the commencement of the spiral part a¹ of the key seat, when the heel end of the
dog X strikes the axial rod Z¹ of the dog Y¹, and is depressed, thus clearing the
nose of the said dog X' from the frame Q. Simultaneously there with, the nose of
the dog Y drops into the frame Q which has advanced towards it, and holds it
against the pull of the weights V₁ and the collar W is free to continue its travel
over the spiral part a¹ towards the end of the shaft B. Furthermore, when the
frame Qbegins its motion it draws with it the first link M of the series so that
the several flanged discs are successively moved and separated one from the other
the full extent allowed by the links M, and then when the collar W reaches the
spiral part a¹ of the key seat, and the pin W' traverses said part, the shaft B is
rotated, and owing to the toes P of the collars C, and fingers N on the flanged
discs E, the latter are rotated and restored to their first position. The lever X is
now partially operated in the reverse direction, whereby the shaft B is again
rotated likewise in the reverse direction, and the toes of the collar C are carried
from in front of the fingers towards the rear thereof, so that said toes present no
obstacle to the rotation of the flanged discs when again operated by the key heads.
As the collar W moves towards the frame Q, the dog X is brought into engaging
contact with said frame, thus locking the collar and frame, the dog acting auto-
matically in such locking action, owing to a suitably arranged spring bearing
against it, or properly weighting its front end. When the post Ŷ reaches the
pine of the dog Y₁, it raises the dog clear of connection with the frame Q, so that
the frame Q is no longer controlled by said dog Y and may be moved by the
weights when the flanged discs are again rotated and close on each other.
Taking a standard font of type, say brevier size, I find that the lateral space
occupied by a small letter i is 36 thousandths of an inch; the lateral space occupied
by a small letter t, 44 thousandths of an inch; small letter e, 54 thousandths;
small letter n, 64 thousandths; and so on. All of the letters and characters of the
font may be conveniently classed in seven sizes, and it is upon such a classification
that the machine herein described is constructed; but for facility of manufacture
all the flanges of the feed disc are of uniform depth, and those classes of letters
which are most frequently used two discs are furnished.
The serrations on the flanges of the discs correspond in depth to the lateral
dimensions of the classes of letters to which they are assigned. For instance,
that disc, the key head of which is lettered small i., has serrations of precisely
36 thousandths of an inch in depth; that disc, the key head of which is lettered
small t, has serrations exactly 44 thousandths of an inch in depth; and so on
through all the classes.
Now referring to the description herein of the construction and operation of the
flanged discs and connected parts, it will be seen that if the disc which has a key
head lettered small i. be rotated so that say three of its serrations come successively
into line with the pin L' on the inner end of the sliding frame Q. said frame will
move to the left, closing upon the flanged disc by the pull of the weights V¹
exactly 108 thousandths of an inch, which is precisely the lateral space which
would be occupied in a line by three of the small letters i. The movement as
above of the frame Q will of course carry with it the toothed segment S, which is
engaged with the rack bar R and the index arm T will travel over a certain space
of the graduated rim of the dial U, if any other disc is rotated a like result follows,

page_text: It is apparent then that to ascertain the space which will be occupied in a printed
line by any given word, it is necessary to strike the key heads of the discs
appropriated to the letters in such word. Illustration:-Take the word "disc,"
Small d. belongs to the disc, the key head of which is lettered n; small i belongs
to the disc marked i; and small s and c belong to the same class, and to the dise
marked c on the key head.
•
To get the measure of the word "disc," therefore, the operator strikes once the
key head marked n., once that marked i, and twice the key head marked c; it
being understood that each stroke of a key head rotates its disc only so far as to
bring the next lower serration on the Hange in line with the pin L. When the
operator has thus struck the key heads named the frame Q with its rack bar R
will have moved to the left 64 thousandths of an inch for the small d., 36 thousandths
of an inch for the small i, 54 thousandths of an inch for small s, the same for
small c, or a total movement of 208 thousandths of an inch, which is the precise
lateral space that will be occupied by the word "disc" in the printed line.
Having in this way measured one word, the operator proceeds with others. until
he has measured as many as can be contained in the printed line with the spaces
necessary to separate the words.
The whole object of the measurement is to determine what those spaces shall be
in order to make the line of the predetermined length. How this determination is
arrived at will now be explained.
In this case the movement of the index arm over one graduation on the rim of
the dial represents a movement of the frame Q and rack bar R of 9 thousandths
of an inch. For the word "dise" taken above for illustration, the index arm T
would move over 23 graduations of the rim of the dial, and one ninth of a
graduation more; that is, the measure of the word was 208 thousandths of an
inch-208 divided by 9 equals 23 and one ninth. This and other like fractions
may be disregarded.
Now suppose it is desired to lay off a line one inch long or to avoid fractions say
999 thousandths of an inch long. That length of line would make the index
arm T travel over 111 graduations of the rin of the dial U. The right end of the
movable scale Z is set therefore at the 11th graduation to the right of the
number 300, on the dial, (see figure 1). The operator then proceeds as with
the word "disc" above.
Suppose the word "disc" to be the first word of his copy. He measures it as
above described and the index arm T marks off 23 graduations on the rim of the
dial U. Suppose the next word of the copy to be "dies," to measure which requires
the striking of the same key heads as in the word "disc." When these are struck,
the index arın T will mark 23 additional, or in all, 46 graduations. Suppose the
two words next in the copy to be "side" and "dice," each of the same value as
'disc."
When the proper key heads have been struck for these words, the index arm T
will have moved over 92 graduations of the rim of the dial U, and will stand at the
graduation numbered 19 on the segment Z. The operator perceives that no more
words can be contained in that line, and that in order to spread the four words he
has measured, so that they will make the line full, the space represented by the
19 graduations remaining out of the total measure of 111 graduations must be
divided between the four words to separate them from each other. That is, there
being four words in the line, there must be three spaces to separate them one from
the other, and two of these spaces must be six graduations each, and the remaining
one seven graduations, making 19. In other words, as each graduation of the rim
of the dial U represents a lateral space in the printed line of 9 thousandths of an
inch, the above spaces will be two of them 54 thousandths each and one of them
63 thousandths. To indicate this to the compositor, the operator marks the copy
thus disc dies side dice 19, 3; the number 19 to show the total number of
graduations, and the number 3 to indicate the number of spaces into which they
are to be divided.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim, is
:
1-A justifying machine having serrated flanged discs capable of rotary and
longitudinal motions, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2-A justifying machine having serrated flanged discs capable of rotary and
longitudinal motions and an automatically moving frame taking up the longitudinal
motions of said discs, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3-A justifying machine having serrated flanged discs capable of rotary and
longitudinal motions, an automatically moving frame taking up the longitudinal
motions of said discs, and an indicating device operated by said frame, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
4-A justifying machine having flanged dises which are formed with serrations
corresponding to the lateral space occupied in a printed line by the several letters
and characters of a font of type or dies, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
5-A justifying machine having serrated flanged discs capable of rotary and
longitudinal motions, a shaft supporting the same, and means for restoring said
discs to their normal position, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6-A series of serrated flanged discs capable of rotary and longitudinal motions,
and dependent for longitudinal motious one upon the other through the instru-
mentality of rods or pins, also capable of longitudinal notion, each of said pins
bearing at one end upon the back of a disc, and at the other upon the serrated
edge of the next adjacent disc of the series, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.