matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FERRULE AND METHOD OF SECURING THE SAME, CHIEPLY DESIGNED FOR THE HANDLES OF CARPENTERS' AND OTHER TOOLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1871.-A communication from abroad by Thompson
H. Alexander, Robert Clarke, and Francis G. Clarke, all of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FERRULE AND METHOD OF
SECURING THE SAME, CHIEPLY DESIGNED FOR THE HANDLES OF CARPENTERS' AND
OTHER TOOLS," a communication, to be as follows:-
Ferrules for tool handles are commonly nothing more than plain
hoops or bands of iron or other metal made slightly taper or conical,
forced upon the handles and depending solely upon the tightness or
closeness of their fit for their secure retention thereon. Consequently
great trouble is experienced from their becoming loose, dropping off,
and allowing the handles to split. I am aware that it has been
attempted to obviate these difficulties, and that ferrules have been
produced which will not so easily become detached from the handles,

page_text: but these have been found too elaborate and costly or otherwise objec-
tionable, and therefore have not come into general use.
My improved ferrule is formed of a hoop or band of iron, brass, or
other suitable metal, and I prefer that the same should be rather thinner
than the metal employed for making ordinary ferrules. The neck or
portion of the handle on which the ferrule is to be secured has a groove
or channel turned around it, or in other words instead of being made
slightly taper or conical as it would be to receive an ordinary ferrule,
it is made concave, the middle of the neck which is its smallest por-
tion being enclosed between two narrow shoulders of larger diameter 1
at the top and bottom of the neck. The ferrule is made to fit tightly
over the large portions of the neck, and when properly placed upon
them should project somewhat beyond the end of the neck. Then by
means of any suitable implement or apparatus operated by hand or
otherwise, the said ferrule is compressed endwise, its middle portion 1
being caused to bulge inward and fill the groove or concave portion of
the neck, and its end being turned down upon the end of the handle.
My Invention is also applicable to ferrules for umbrellas, walking-
sticks, and other articles to which ordinary ferrules are applied.
New OR IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR MANUFACTURING SALT
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bull and Dennis
Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th October 1871.
. We, WILLIAM BULL, of Chancery Lane, London, Civil Engineer,
and DENNIS HALL, of Winsford, in the County of Chester, Salt Works
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "New
OR IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR MANUFACTURING SALT,” to be as
follows, that is to say :-
-
Our first improvement consists in adding a circular pocket round the
periphery of circular pans, and fitting the same with self-delivering
lifters; this circular pocket receives the salt made in the circular pan on
all sides, and it is thence conducted by an additional raker fitted therein
into one or more ordinary pockets, from whence it is lifted by means of
the lifters, which may consist of endless bands having scoops attached
thereto and passing round wheels or rollers, or any other suitable
appliance.

page_text: facilitate the action of the internal rakers in delivering the salt into the
circular pocket formed and fitted as above described. The whole of the
circular pocket is covered to prevent the escape of steam or heat.
Our third improvement consists in forming the cast iron or other
supports, upon which the bottoms of the circular pans are supported,
hollow with side perforations; the object of this improvement is to keep
the said supports from being injuriously affected by the heat, and to
afford a means of supplying hot air to mix with the products of com-
bustion from the pan furnace or furnaces.
'Our fourth improvement consists of, a movable furnace frame, to
which are fitted adjusting fuel plates or rising and falling and sliding
fire-bars; a self-feeding hopper and self acting mechanism for keeping
the fuel feeder and plates or grate bars in motion. This frame, hopper,
and grate constitute a separate and distinct furnace fitting. The frame
is made to slide upon bearings, or fitted with wheels upon which it can
be run more or less under the pan, or removed therefrom altogether when
required.
Our fifth improvement consists in fitting the external and internal
rakers of circular pans with a driving shaft passing through the bottom
of the pans, and driving the said shaft by an endless chain or chains, or
other suitable mechanism passing along, in, or through a transverse arch
and well hole formed under the pan therefor.
Our sixth improvement consists in so placing the circular or other
boiling pan that it may form one end or side of the stove, and in placing
a steam pan to be worked by steam from the boiling pan over the stoves
so as to make one roof serve for the two latter, thereby increasing the
effective heat of such stove and reducing the cost of constructing such
works.
AN IMPROVED PAPER-BOOK FOR DEODORIZING WATER-CLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pascal Alphonse Miccio at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1871.
"6
I, PASCAL ALPHONSE MICCIO, of Rue de Londres, No. 29, Paris,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVED PAPER-BOOK FOR DEODORIZING WATER-CLOSETS AND OTHER PLACES," to
be as follows:-
:-
My Invention consists in the preparation of paper sheets or leaves
and making up the same into books to be placed in lavatories, water-
closets, and other places of a similar nature, in order to disinfect or
deodorize the place where they are put in consequence of the paper of
which they are composed being charged with an odorous and a disin-
fecting compound.
The Invention may also be used as a means of advertising, by
printing commercial and other notices upon each separate sheet of paper.
In order to carry out my Invention, I submit the sheet or sheets of
paper of which the book is to be composed to the action of a mixture of

page_text: phenic acid with the essence of Portugal or other perfume, which may
be applied either by sprinkling the mixture over the paper, or steeping
the latter therein. The sheets of paper thus perfumed are printed or
lithographed with all kinds of advertisements, notices, or designs, and are
then brought together to the number of 200, for example, into the form
of a book, and fastened in any convenient binding, from whence they
may be readily detached in consequence of being perforated with a line
of holes at their upper part.
-
The method I prefer of fastening the sheets together is as follows:-
The sheets having been brought together, one of the ends or edges is
bound or secured between two plates or other bodies, which are to be
fixed by rivets, or by means of a wire passing through both. One of
the plates carries a ring which may be formed from the wire just
mentioned, and by this ring the book may be hung on the wall of the
water-closet or other place in which it is desirable to hang it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONVERTING DINING OR OTHER SIMILAR TABLES INTO BILLIARD TABLES, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tom Wordsworth Mawson at
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th December 1871.
I, TOM WORDSWORTH MAWSON, of Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF CONVERTING DINING OR OTHER SIMILAR TABLES INTO BILLIARD
TABLES, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
The improvements have relation to those dining and other similar
tables of ordinary construction, which are so fitted with sliding
framework that they may be drawn out or lengthened to any required
extent and extra "leaves" inserted. These I convert into billiard tables
as hereafter described.
The top of the table is made so that the whole of it can be taken
off or removed, leaving only the framework and legs or supports. I
provide a number of slate slabs of a suitable length and width similar to
those supplied to ordinary billiard tables. These take the place on the
framework of the ordinary top, it by preference having been previously

page_text: removed. These slabs are then drawn close together by the assistance
of a screw of ordinary construction acting on the sliding framework.
The cloth is then placed on the surface and stretched. Cushions are
provided, which are fastened by means of bolts to the slabs. The cloth
being drawn tight these cushions are placed on it round the top of the
table, the pressure of which cushions retains the cloth in its stretched
condition, thereby preventing creases or other uneveness. At the
corners and other usual. positions round the table recesses are formed
in the slabs to receive the pockets, which are provided and are of a
similar construction to those on ordinary billiard tables. These are
fixed on the cushion so as to be easily removed, as is also the case with
the other parts forming the billiard table.
The table may be raised by suitable packing under the feet to the
required height.
For the purpose of levelling the table adjusting screws of ordinary
construction are provided in the legs. When all the parts are put
together, the table has the appearance and serves in every way the
purpose of a billiard table of ordinary construction.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING COMPITS OR SUGAR PLUMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd June 1871.-A communication from abroad by Eugène
Dujour, Confectioner, and François Couppé, Mechanician, both of
Chartres (Eure et Loire), France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING
COMPITS OR SUGAR PLUMS, a communication to me from abroad by
Eugène Dujour, Confectioner, and François Couppé, Mechanician,
both of Chartres (Eure et Loire), France, to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to a combined hot and cold air machine for
making comfits or sugar plums, which machine may be worked by
hand or any available power; the object of the Invention being to
enable the small confectioner to manufacture comfits more economically
and equally as well while employing the same materials as is now done
by large makers using the basins known as "Pesson and Bertrands."
This improved machine coats the comfits in a uniform and regular
manner, the product being of the same quality as if made in an oscil-

page_text: lating pan. It considerably lessens the labour of the workman, who is
no longer affected by the carbonic acid evolved from the large quantity
of fuel required in the ordinary manufacture by hand or by the too
great heat, he is also spared the muscular effort now exerted in turning
the comfits.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, Fig. 1 is a front and Fig. 2
a side elevation of a machine embodying this Invention.
The machine is composed of an iron framing supporting a pan or
basin D and its mechanism. Within the framing is set a closed heater
or stove B ("calorifère"), within which is a receptacle ("terrasse") to
receive charcoal covered with ashes or other fuel; this receptacle may
be shifted according to the temperature it is desired to maintain. This
stove B is closed in front by two doors. A part of the basin D con-
taining the comfits dips into the stove B. The basin is preferably of
copper, and it may be readily lifted from its axle for cleaning. A fly
wheel A acting also as a pulley is set on the shaft E, supported by the
upright F, and turning horizontally, drives the fan in H by the pulley G,
producing a cold blast directed on to the comfits by the pipe I. Suppose
the speed of the crank to be 1, that of the basin will be equal to ½, and
that of the fly to 2. The speed of the fan will vary according to the
quantity of cold air required. The pearling "perlage" may be effected
by means of an ordinary pearler "perloir" fitted to the basin. This
machine offers a saving of time, of power (by the arrangement of the
mechanism), of fuel, and of gum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wyndham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1871.
I, CHARLES WYNDHAM, of Southover Grange, near Lewes, in the
County of Sussex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enable bicyclists to use a support for
the legs or fect when descending inclines with greater comfort and
safety than by the arrangements at present in use. For this purpose
I form the foot rest so that it shall be attached as in old fashioned
manner to the main frame of the velocipede instead of to the fork, by
which I obviate the danger incurred from the rider's legs swerving to
the right or left with the motion of the wheel. The old arrangement
for this purpose was a fixed cross bar for the support of the legs, but
according to my Invention I employ several bars, which are moveable,
so that by the pressure of the feet alone upon them and by means of
levers, joints, slides, hinges, or springs the feet find a support at a safe
distance from the wheel, and when the pressure of the feet is removed

page_text: these bars contract and return to their first position. For example,
from the backbone of the bicycle and between the wheels I arrange a
depending bar in a rigid manner, so as to be out of the way of the legs.
during travelling. The lower end of the bar has levers pinned or
jointed to it, and these are kept close by springs, which can be expanded
on pressure being applied to projecting step bars forming part of the
levers when the rider wishes to alight, thus the step bars are thrown out
sideways. In the case of sliding steps these are arranged on swing bars
jointed to the depending bar, and the step bars are thrown outwards
in a similar manner to the above upon pressure being applied.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbce at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1871. - A communication from abroad by William
Augustus Leggo, and George E. Desbarats, both of Montreal,
Canada.
-
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of the Firm of L. de Fontainemoreau
& Co. of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to the production of a new
style of photograph, either negative or positive, in which the gradations
of light and shade of the picture are shewn in granulations, that is to
say, in lines and dots of greater or less dimensions, instead of the usual
unbroken shadows, of greater or less intensity. This style of photograph
is employed in the manufacture of leggotypes from natural objects, or
from mezzotints, brush, stump, pencil and other drawings, and from
paintings or colored prints, in short, from any picture not already
composed of clear and well defined lines and dots (such not needing the
aid of the granulations). This style of photograph is also employed in

page_text: the manufacture of transfers for stone or zinc from subjects of the herein-
before mentioned description.
To make a granulated positive, a copy is made by ordinary photo-
graphic manipulation of a negative photograph in contact with a
granulated plate (of known construction), the two together forming one
object. From the positive so made a surface type is produced by the
process known as leggotyping, capable of being printed from on any
type printing press.
A granulated negative is made by copying by ordinary photographic
manipulation the positive herein-before described, or by copying an
ordinary positive photograph in combination with a granulated plate,
the two together forming one object. From a negative so made are
produced by the said leggotyping process intaglio plates capable of being
printed from in the ordinary copper plate printing press. Negatives
so made are also employed in the production by known means of
impressions on paper in transfer ink, capable of being transferred to
stone, zinc, or other metal to be printed from in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLAZING, COLOURING, AND PREPARING KANGAROO AND OTHER SKINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermon White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1871.
I, HERMON WHITE, of Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey,
Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN GLAZING, COLOURING, AND PREPARING
KANGAROO AND OTHER SKINS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in preparing kangaroo and
other skins previous to their being glazed and colored (kangaroo skins
being preferred when readily obtainable) by immersing them (after they
have been tanned in the ordinary manner) in a tank, vat, or other
suitable vessel containing the following solution, viz., about one quarter
of an ounce of alum, one quarter of an ounce of sulphate of copper, one
quarter of an ounce of borax, one quarter of an ounce of glycerine, and
a quarter of an ounce of ox gall, well mixed with half a gallon of urine
and a gallon of water, which will toughen the skins and strengthen the
grain (other proportions of the above ingredients may however be used,
but I have found the above give a very good result), and after allowing

page_text: the skins to lie in the solution for two hours more or less according to
the thickness of the skins being treated they are to be removed from
the tank and laid in a heap for two hours more to allow the liquor to
drain off, when they may be shaved in the ordinary manner ready for
glazing.
The next part of the Invention consists in glazing the skins previous
to receiving the coloring or dyeing matter by brushing over the surface
or grain part of the skin with a solution consisting of one ounce of
cyanide of potash and one ounce of ox gall mixed with a gallon of water.
The skins may then be dyed by adding to any of the ordinary coloring
matters one hundredth part of glycerine mixed with litharge and
allowed to settle and then poured off.
Lastly, the skins are to be polished by rolling a linen rubber smeared
with paraffine and bees-wax in about equal proportions over them and
slightly warming the linen rubber from time to time against a hot plate
to prevent the wax and paraffine from setting, when the skins will
present a highly polished and glacé appearance.
A FIRE ALARM AND THIEF DETECTOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1871.
I, MATTHEW WILSON, of Hills Place, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A FIRE ALARM AND THIEF DETECTOR," is to be as follows:-
—
A three or more jointed telescopic tube fitted inside with a spiral
spring or springs. At the end of the smallest tube is fixed a pyramidal
or conical brass box with a lid opening by means of a push spring or
otherwise at the point of the pyramid or cone when subjected to pressure.
Inserted at the base of the said box is a short rod in a tube, in which is
a spiral spring for a certain purpose to be hereafter mentioned. When
required for use the said telescopic tube is pushed in and the aforesaid
short rod pulled out, and both held in their respective positions by
means of a double side catch; this catch also supports a drop catch,
which, when let off, releases a box spring acting upon a gong or gongs.
To the said double side catch is attached by a link a lever, to the handle
of which are attached as many wires as may be required. When either

page_text: of the wires is pulled it acts upon the lever, which drawing back the
said double side catch releases the acting portion of the telescope and
propels the said box forward with great force so as to break and go
through any window against which it may be fixed. The act of striking
the glass pushes in the spring at the point of the box and opens the lid,
upon which out falls a small self-igniting lamp and a long flag of some
suitable material, both attached to the interior of the box. The flag has
become coated with a mixture of phosphorus and oil contained in a
bottle, which when the side entch releases the spring rod at the base of
the box is broken, and the ingredients saturate the flag, to make all the
said appliances self-acting in the event of a fire occurring in a house. I
place beneath the centre of the butt of the telescope a piece of metal,
quadrant-shaped with a nose at the top, which is rivetted loosely to a
small standard. The noso projects over the drop catch before described.
A stout pin stands out from the side of the nose, over which is a very
strong rubber spring, also stretched and fastened beneath. To prevent
the nose pressing upon the drop catch it is held upright by a long lever
catch on a swivel. The handle of said lever is broad and flat, and
acted upon by as many spring hammers or other contrivance as may be
necessary. These hammers are held back by wires fixed throughout a
house, having joined in each room or compartment a length of compo-
sition, rope, or other suitable material, so that when subjected to a certain
heat it melts and releases the hammers; they strike upon the said lever
handle, force it back from the nose of the quadrant, which falling
forceably in consequence of the rubber spring upon the drop catch
pushes it down, and the apparatus being released acts as hercin-before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-PROPELLING CANAL BOATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Graham Lawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
9th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by William
F. Goodwin, of Metuchen, in the State of New Jersey, and James
T. Sanford, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, HENRY GRAHAM LAWSON, of Budge Row, Cannon Street, in the
City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-PROPELLING CANAL BOATS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of a canal boat and
the combination therewith of a propelling wheel to be driven by power,
located on the boat, the whole being adapted to obviate the washing
of the banks of the canal, a difficulty heretofore experienced in the
numerous attempts to provide self-propelling canal boats.
According to this Invention the boat is constructed in the form of a
scow with the sides made straight and parallel, and projecting at the
forward end in advance of the body of the boat sufficiently to embrace a

page_text: propelling wheel, which is intended to be driven by a steam or other
engine located in or upon the deck of the boat. This propelling wheel
may be provided with paddles of any approved construction, but those
having a V form in edge view are preferred, as being best adapted to
prevent any outward swell which would be liable to injure the banks of f
the canal. The paddle wheel shaft may be mounted in bearings on the
projecting sides of the boat, or it may be carried by a swinging frame
having for its fulcrum the driving shaft connected with the motive
power engine. In the latter case rotary motion may be communicated
from the driving shaft to the paddle wheel by endless chains and chain
wheels.
This arrangement allows of the elevation of the paddle wheel being
adjusted to suit the load and consequently the depth of immersion
of the boat. When the paddle wheel is mounted in fixed bearings its
shaft is provided with cranks to which the connecting rods of the 1
motive power engine are attached. The action of the paddle wheel will
be such that the water to be displaced by the boat will be forced under-
neath the body of the boat, whence it will escape at the stern in such a
manner as to avoid the washing of the canal banks.
The sides of the boat may with advantage extend in rear of the rake a
of the stern, and also slightly below the bottom of the boat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE- SHOES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
July 1871.
I, ROBERT SAUNDERS, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-
SHOES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in shoes for horses and other animals consist in
constructing them so as to form raised sockets, recesses, or grooves on
that side of the shoes which rests on or comes in contact with the road,
and may be more or less varied in design. These sockets, recesses, or
grooves I pack or fill up with wood, wire, or such other substances as
will best insure grip at every tread so as to prevent slip and disaster on
smooth and slippery roads. For this object I prefer to insert in such
recesses cane cut in short lengths and lodged endways and to be held
there by suitable contrivance, the object being to afford a roughness and
at the same time a slightly yielding tread. The said sockets or recesses
may be made in clusters or they may be separate from each other or in
one continuous groove, and I prefer to make the same in cast malleable
iron with holes for nails and ribs to give additional strength.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATIC MANURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Prentice at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1871.
I, EDWARD HENRY PRENTICE, of Stowmarket, in the County of
Suffolk, Manufacturing Chemist, do herchy declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHATIC
MANURES," to be as follows: —
My Invention has for its object to utilize the by-product or waste
mother liquor obtained in the process for the manufacture of alum
described in the Specification to Peter Spence's Patent, No. 1676, of
1870 (or any similar solutions containing phosphoric and sulphuric
acids), so as to bring the phosphoric acid contained therein into a
marketable form for manure. For this purpose I take the said solution,
which contains phosphoric acid in conjunction with some sulphuric acid,
and having ascertained the amount of phosphoric acid and sulphuric
acid contained therein, I add sufficient carbonate of lime to combine
with the sulphuric acid forming sulphate of lime; and I also add a
further quantity of carbonate of lime sufficient to form with the phos-

page_text: phoric acid the compound known as di-phosphate of lime, consisting
chemically of one equivalent of phosphoric acid with two equivalents
of lime. The di-phosphate so formed becomes precipitated together with
some of the sulphate of lime; the supernatent liquor is run off, and the
precipitate dried. The diphosphate of lime so formed may be used alone
as a manure or by the addition of sulphuric acid sufficient to combine
with one equivalent of the lime. It may be manufactured into supcr-
phosphate of lime, also to be used as manurc.
If necessary I add to the carbonate of lime employed in the above
process some lime in a free or uncombined state to prevent any phos-
phoric acid escaping in the supernatent liquor.
IMPROVED 'CHASE' OR APPARATUS FOR 'LOCKING-UP' TYPE FORMES ON PRINTING MACHINE TABLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Esson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1871.
I, JOHN Esson, of Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Printer's Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED 'CHASE' OR APPARATUS FOR 'LOCKING-UP' TYPE
FORMES ON PRINTING MACHINE TABLES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been the practice to employ quoins or pieces of wood
or metal of tapered or parallel shape to retain type formes in place upon
the tables of printing machines, and this plan has always been attended
with much danger and inconvenience. by reason of the sucking action
of the inking rollers when passing over them, often lifting them out of
place and causing a "batter:"
Now by the employment of my Invention these are entirely removed
and the formes can be locked up in much less time. I propose to
employ cast or wrought metal frames or chases which are notched or
recessed on their edges, or at some other convenient part for other

page_text: frames similarly shaped to take into; these may be of any length or
width and can be extended or diminished to suit various sized formes.
The inner frames have inclines on one of their faces for the reception
of wedges or tightening pieces. The projections between the notches
of one frame take into the notches between the projections of the other
frame; the frames being so arranged that they can be fitted into one
another in an instant and so save a deal of time now occupied in seeking
for pieces of furniture to fit. By the use of my Invention furniture is
dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PRODUCTION OF DRILLS OR DISTRIBUTORS FOR MANURE, AND ALSO FOR DISTRIBUTING SEEDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1871.
I, THOMAS HARRISON, of Burton Road, in the City of Lincoln,
Agricultural Implement and Machine Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND PRODUCTION OF DRILLS OR DISTRIBUTORS FOR MANURE, AND ALSO FOR
DISTRIBUTING SEEDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing and arranging drills or dis-
tributors in such manner as to effect the feed and delivery of manure
and seeds of various character, so as to feed the same on or near the
centre of a roller or distributing barrel, which roller or barrel forms
the bottom of the box, and the parts are arranged in such wise that the
barrel or roller at once delivers the manure or seed falling upon the
barrel or roller (thereby preventing all rubbing or friction of the manures,
which cause them to work to a paste and thus present an uneven
delivery).

page_text: My improvements ensure a perfectly even delivery of damp super-
phosphate or other manures, and avoids also the necessity of using box
bottoms of board or other like materials as in ordinary drills, so that I
make them easier to manage and less liable to break.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOF FLOORS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Bates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1871.
I, MATTHEW BATES, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOF FLOORS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford greater security and at the
same time greater lightness with economy to fireproof floors, ceilings,
and other structures than heretofore.
The Invention consists in the employmennt of tiles or slabs made of
terra cotta, artificial stone, clay, or other suitable material which are
supported and sustained by the flanges of the joists when applied to
floors and ceilings so that there may be an intervening space between
the top and bottom flanges of the joists.
The tiles are made either with slots at each end to fit on to the flanges
of the joists or other supports, or the ends are made with a rabbet to hang
from or to rest on the flanges. The slots are sloped or bevilled in con-

page_text: trary directions to one another and the flanges made parallel to them
in order to facilitate their insertion and their adjustment on the
flanges.
When applied to floors and ceilings the space between the tiles is
intended for ventilation, or it may be used as a flue for heating buildings
by perforating all or some of the tiles, or if desired it may be filled up
with concrete. Concrete may, as is in many cases preferred, be laid on
the top tiles, but a good fireproof floor is made by my Invention without
the use of concrete at all and the ceilings and floors are flat without
any other addition. One side of the tile is made with a straight,
smooth, or roughened surface, or with plain or dovetailed grooves, and
for the sake of lightness the other side may be concave.
AN IMPROVED TRAMWAY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bracken at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1871.
I, RICHARD BRACKEN, of Luddenden, in the Parish of Halifax, in
the County of York, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRAMWAY," to be as follows:-
In constructing tramways according to this Invention cross or longi-
tudinal sleepers may be employed, on and to which are secured by pins
rails, one end of each rail being of convex form, the other end of such
rail being of concave form, so that the convex end of one rail will fit the
concave end of the succeeding rail, and so on.
The form of joint above described obviates or prevents the dipping of
the plates at the joints during the passage of a waggon or carriage from
plate to plate; a flange or projection is formed along the outer edge of
each plate to prevent wheels leaving the tramway.
Im- PROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN BATH OR DOMESTIC BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Randell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1871.
I, WILLIAM RANDELL, of Belsize Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN BATH OR DOMESTIC BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-...
'
:
Bath and other closc boilers usually employed for domestic purposes
for heating water are usually supplied with water from a cistern or
reservoir placed at a distance from and several feet above the level of
the boiler. In sharp frosts and in exposed situations the water in the
supply pipes is liable to be frozen solid and thereby prevent the cir-
culation of the water. The consequence of such stoppage of circulation
will be that an undue pressure will be generated in the boiler, and if
this pressure continues to increase an explosion attended with serious
consequences will be the inevitable result. To prevent such accidents
it has been proposed to adapt to the boilers safety valves, fusible plugs,
and other devices having for their object to yield to an undue pressure
and allow the boiler to be relieved therefrom before any accident can

page_text: happen. It has been found however that fusible plugs do not always
give way at the proper moment, and safety valves if not frequently
inspected are apt to stick on their seat and become uscless.
The object of my Invention is to adapt a safety valve or valves to
such boilers in such a manner that the servants or attendants are
obliged to act on them before they can draw water or use the boiler for
domestic purposes. To this end I adapt a safety valve to the tap which
is in daily use for drawing off the water from the boiler for domestic
purposes. This safety valve may either be adapted to and combined
with the tap itself (which I prefer), or it may be attached to some con-
venient part of the pipe between the tap and the boiler. In whatever
way however it be adapted it must be so arranged that the water on its
passage to the exit aperture must pass through the valve, and this latter
therefore must be provided with a lever, screw, or other equivalent
device for opening the valve and allowing of the passage of the water.
The valve must be kept closed either by weights or by a spring which
will effectually resist the normal pressure which the boiler is calculated
to sustain (that is, a pressure somewhat exceeding the hydrostatic pressure
'of the column of water contained in the supply pipe), but immediately
such pressure is exceeded the valve will yield and allow the water to
run out through the tap until the pressure be reduced to its normal
amount.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR STOPPING HOLES IN SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McCool at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1871.
I, JOHN MCCOOL, of Plumstead, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF AND MEANS FOR STOPPING HOLES IN SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:
The object of my Invention is to provide means for readily and
effectually stopping leaks or holes in vessels when at sea, and without
diving. I proceed as follows:-The hole having been discovered I drop
through it a long narrow weight of lead or other metal attached to one
end of a cord or wire, the other end of which is secured within the
vessel. I then haul up the weight on deck, and this may be con-
veniently accomplished by means of a weighted grappling line dropped
over the bow and drawn along underneath the vessel by means of cords,
one at each side. The weight first above mentioned having been hauled
on deck, I remove it from its cord and attach to the cord a threaded bolt
or spindle, upon the outer end of which a metal plate or washer is
screwed or otherwise fixed; above the plate or washer I place one or

page_text: more washers of india-rubber or other waterproof and elastic material.
I then drop the cord overboard, and by means of the opposite end, which
has all this time been secured within the vessel, I draw up the plate or
washer and threaded bolt to the hole to be stopped; the inner end of
the bolt passes through the hole the washers remaining outside. I now
apply another metal washer, with or without another india-rubber
washer to the inner end of the bolt within the vessel, and screw these
up tight, when the hole will be entirely stopped by the washers outside
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OR METHOD OF EXTRACTING MADDER FROM ROOTS FOR DYEING PURPOSES, AND MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hiley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1871.
I, CHARLES HILEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS OR METHOD OF EXTRACTING MADDER FROM ROOTS FOR DYEING
PURPOSES, AND MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved method or process of extracting
madder from vegetable roots for dyeing purposes.
The improvements consist in subjecting the ground or pulverized
roots to the action of spirits of ammonia in the following manner :—
The ground roots are first thoroughly immersed or macerated in the
said spirits of ammonia, in which they are allowed to remain from
four to ten hours, after which the superfluous liquor is expressed, and

page_text: what remains of the ammonia at that time is evaporated or exsiccated
by artificial or natural means, leaving a residium of madder equal or
superior to the madder now employed for dyeing or printing woven
fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOTBALLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1871.
I, WILLIAM HOWARD, of 49, Great Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOTBALLS," to be as follows
―:
This Invention consists in a new mode of constructing footballs, and
this in the following way :-
There are three thicknesses, the inner one being a ball of india-rubber,
which is expanded by air; around this is a Macintosh air-proof lining
attached to and forming the inner lining of the outer or leather case;
the latter is cut into eight triangular shaped pieces of leather, which are
"double sewn." By this method I do away with the usual "end pieces,"

page_text: also the outside lace holes, the latter being formed on the inner case, the
result being a football at once stronger, better able to resist wet, the
air-proof lining keeping the inner or india-rubber ball free from grease,
and thus protecting it.
Roundness of form also will be more nearly secured by this Invention
than has hitherto been arrived at.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES USED IN OIL PRESSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hassell Nutt and George
Ephraim Selby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th January 1871.
We, JOSEPH HASSELL NUTT, Bagging Manufacturer, and GEORGE
EPHRAIM SELBY, Oil Mill Foreman, both of Hull, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES USED IN OIL PRESSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of horsehair wrappers or
envelopes used in the presses of oil mills, the object being to strengthen
those envelopes and to prevent a crust forming on the inner surface
thereof, the detachment of which crust by reason of its close adherence
to the horsehair has proved very destructive to the envelope.
In carrying out our Invention we plait or weave strands of horsehair
to form a thick coarse cloth of the required shape, and we bind the edges
with a raised cord. When this fabric is folded upon itself by bringing
its opposite ends together it constitutes an envelope for the reception of
the seed to be pressed. On the outer sides of this wrapper or envelope
we apply sheet metal (say rolled sheet iron) for the purpose of giving

page_text: strength and stiffness to the cloth, and this metal we cover with leather
which extends from end to end of the wrapper; the sheet metal and the
leather covering we secure to the hair cloth by means of lacing cords or
otherwise, and we apply to the back of the cover a handle of leather.
The inside of the wrapper we face with tin plate which as it offers no
facility for the adhesion of the crushed seed thereto will readily be kept.
clean, and thus the injury to which the wrappers are now subjected in
order to remove the hard crust will be avoided.
By employing our improved envelopes or wrappers all danger of the
bags being split open is obviated, the oil is more effectually expressed,
and a free exit is provided for the oil, at the same time a cake of
superior form is produced from the residuum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FARINACEOUS FOOD AND BAKING POWDERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Lloyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1871.
I, ARTHUR LLOYD, of 98, Saint Paul's Road, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FARINACEOUS FOOD AND BAKING POWDERS,"
to be as follows :-
These improvements consist in adding to flour or other farinaceous
substances and baking powders, say ten per cent., more or less, of phos-
phates, superphosphates or hypophosphite of lime, soda, potash, am-
monia, or magnesia, which can then be used in a more nutritive form
for bread baking, confectionary, or any similar food.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Luscombe Lavers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th July 1871.
I, WILLIAM LUSCOMBE LAVERS, of Ballydoyle, in the County of Cork,
and Kingdom of Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object to deliver the cut corn from a reaping
machine ready to be tied up into sheaves instead of delivering it on to
the ground in the form of swathe as has hitherto been the case, thus
avoiding the necessity of manual labor for the purpose of "sheaving"
the corn.
I propose to effect this object by adapting to the platform of the
reaping machine an arrangement of apparatus which shall deliver the
cut corn in heaps at certain distances (say about 9 feet) apart. This
apparatus consists of several endless link belts running upon rollers
which are mounted upon the platform, and which belts are cased over,
thus forming a table for the reception of the corn, which, as it is cut,

page_text: falls on to the casing or table and is pushed along it by upright travelling
fingers mounted upon the endless bands (one for each band) until it
comes to the end of the band where the largest or delivery roller is
situated, and where it is pushed over in a heap upon the ground. The
fingers after delivering the corn at top travel along backwards under-
neath, and leave the casing or table above free to receive sufficient cut
corn to form another sheaf, when the travelling fingers will again arrive
at the top casing and sweep off the cut corn as before on to the ground.
The distances between the sheaves will, of course, depend upon the
speed at which the machine is driven.
The object of having several delivery belts is to suit the various
lengths of corn and to ensure its being delivered straight on to the
ground, which would not be the case if one belt only were used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO SIGHTS FOR ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Stanley Hinchliff and
Charles Pearce Lloyd Chapman at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th July 1871.-A com-
munication from abroad by Captain F. de Broca, of the Port of
Nantes, France.
WC, GEORGE STANLEY HINCHLIFF and CHARLES PEARCE LLOYD
CHAPMAN, trading under the Firm of Hinchliff, Chapman, & Co., of
17, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Merchants, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO SIGHTS FOR ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is
to say:
The object of this Invention is to enable the person taking aim to sec
distinctly the object to be fired at and direct the line of sight on a
particular part of such object, and the Invention consists in constructing
the sight by the meeting of the points of two angular or conical pieces
which allows of the sight being taken either above or below the central
part of such sight.
The double point sight as applied to cannon (see Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawing) consists of two conical pieces meeting at their

page_text: points at the same height as the ordinary sight which they replace.
These pieces are made to angles of about thirty to thirty-five degrees.
This sight is employed with a flap containing an eye or sight hole to
which the artilleryman applies his eye when he points the gun.
For rifles and guns (see Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawing) the
improvements are applied to the ordinary flap and slide, and the sight
is formed in a similar manner as for the cannon by the meeting of the
points of two angles and employing the ordinary fore sight of the arm.
For this purpose under the ordinary notch of the back sight an opening
of a suitable shape is cut so as to allow of the fore sight being seen
underneath. The points of the angles forming the sight may either
touch or be separate a short distance from each other.
For pistols and other arms with sights of the form of a pin or knob
the angles of the sight are placed a short distance apart.
These improvements are most advantageously employed in cannon
and for rifles for long ranges; they are also applicable with advantage
to small arms with short ranges; in this case the flap and slide of the
sight instead of having a notch have a point by means of which the
sight of the object is taken.