IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, COMPRESSING, PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Glasgow, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, COMPRESSING, PUNCHING, SHEARING,
AND SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 1st September 1854, and dated the 6th July 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Glasgow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1854.
I, JOHN GLASGOW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, COMPRESSING, PUNCHING,
SHEARING, AND SHAPING METALS " to be as follows:-
Firstly, to an improved machine for cutting, shaping, and compressing
metals into suitable forms for rivets, spikes, bolts, and similar articles. No. 1
and 2.Slicets of the accompanying outline Drawings shew the general arrange-
ment and construction of this machine, in which I make the working parts
double or compound, so as to multiply or encrease the amount of work
produced by the machine with the same gearing. It will also be perceived
that the fly wheel and gearing of this machine are placed at the top, instead of

page_text: the side or end, as heretofore generally adopted. This arrangement keeps the
gearing out of the way of the workman, thus facilitating his operations and
avoiding the risk of accidents.
Secondly, of an improved machine for punching and shearing metals, such
as boiler plates and similar articles. No. 3 and 4 Sheets of the accompanying
outline Drawings shew the general arrangement and construction of this
machine, in which I gain considerably increased power by the arrangement of
the levers, instead of having a double or compound machine. This machine is
also applicable for cutting bar iron, railway tyres, and similar purposes. The
fly wheel and gearing of this machine is also out of the way of the workman,
and its position enables me to adopt a much larger one than could be used if it
were in the ordinary position, obtaining additional power thereby, and lessening
the danger of accidents.
Thirdly, of an improved machine for cutting, shaping, and compressing
metals into suitable forms for nuts for screw bolts and similar articles. Nos. 5
and 6 Sheets of the accompanying outline Drawings shew the general arrange-
ment and construction of this machine, by which I gain, in addition to the
arrangement and position of the gearing and fly wheel, the power of finishing
the nuts, as well as cutting them from the bar and punching them, as has been
hitherto done. This machine, accomplishing both the said purposes, may be
considered a double or compound one, and self-acting to a very great extent, as
the bar is inserted or put into the machine at a, where it is cut and punched
the required size and shape; then it is put in at b, where it is finished and
ejected from the machine. The motions and working parts of these machines
being generally old, will be easily understood by persons conversant with
machinery, the details of which I shall explain in my Complete Specification.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Glasgow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th January 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 3
GLASGOW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Glasgow, Her special licence that I, the said John Glasgow, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Glasgow,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR
CUTTING, COMPRESSING, PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND SHAPING METALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Glasgow, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Glasgow, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates, firstly, to an improved machine for cutting, shaping,
and compressing metals into suitable forms for rivets, spikes, bolts, and similar
articles, the working parts of which I make double, or compound, so as to
multiply or encrease the amount of work produced by the machine with the
same gearing. I place the fly wheel and gearing of this machine at the top
of it, instead of as heretofore, by which arrangement I keep the gearing out
of the way of the workman, thus facilitating his operations and avoiding
accidents.
Secondly, to an improved machine for punching, shearing, and cutting
metals, such as boiler plutes, bar iron, railway tyres, and similar articles, in
which I gain considerably encreased power by the arrangement of the levers,
instead of having a double or compound machine. The fly wheel and gearing
of this machine is also out of the way of the workman, and its position enables
me to obtain additional power and lessen the danger of accidents.
Thirdly, to an improved machine for cutting, shaping, and compressing
metals into suitable forms for nuts for serew bolts and similar articles, in
which I gain, in addition, to the arrangement and position of the gearing and
fly wheel, the power of finishing the nuts, as well as cutting them from the bar
and punching them. This machine, accomplishing both the said purposes, may

page_text: be considered a double or compound machine, and self-acting to a very great
extent.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying three Sheets of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are
used to represent the same parts in each machine.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the machine for making
rivets, &c.; Fig. 2, a longitudinal elevation; Fig. 3, a plan; Fig. 4, a plan of
the slide; Fig. 5, a back view of the slide; and Fig. 6, an end elevation.
A represents the driving pully; B, the shaft; C, the fly wheel; D, a pinion;
E, the driving wheel; F, the cam shaft; G, the cams which work the rams
H backwards and forwards to compress the head on the rivet or bolt. I, the
dies to form the heads of the rivets or bolts to any required form or size; J, the
wheels on the cam shaft, which gear into the wheels K, and drive the shaft L.
On these shafts are the wheels M, driving the wheel N, on the end of the
eccentric shaft O; the eccentric P is for the purpose of cutting off a portion of
iron to be formed into a rivet or bolt, by means of the shears Q, fixed to the
slide R; the bottom shear S is made fast to the moveable head T, which can
be drawn out or in to suit any required thickness of head on the rivet or bolt.
On the shaft L is the wheel U, geared into the wheels V, on the shaft W. On
the end of this shaft is keyed a stud plate X. Y is a stud plate, with a friction
pully Z, which works into the cam plate A, A; the opening through the said
cam plate is made to suit the alternate travel of the slide B, B, which is bored
out to receive the dies C, C. To the backs of the slides A, A, are bolted the
ejecting pin carrier D, D, which is bored out to receive the ejecting pin E, E,
on which is formed a collar for the spiral spring F, F, to act against. On the
said pin are the two lock nuts G, G, to regulate it, so as to make any required
length of rivet or bolt. The operation of the machine is as follows:-The
machine being set in motion, a heated rod of iron is introduced between the
shears Q and S, and forced forwards into the die until its progress is arrested
by the end of the ejecting pin, which, as already stated, determines the length
of the rivet or bolt. When the iron is cut off the slide A, A, moves for-
wards, carrying the heated iron to the centre of the ram H, which is then
moved up to the piece of heated iron, and the die compresses on the head
required. When the ram is forming the head of the rivet or bolt, the other
die B, B, is opposite the shears Q and S, ready to receive another piece of
heated iron, thus alternately compressing and shearing at each end of the
machine. When the head is formed on the piece of heated iron, the drum
HI, II, with its endless cam groove, forces the lever I, I, against the ejecting
pin E, E, thus ejecting the finished rivet or bolt.

page_text: In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of my improved machine for
punching, shearing, and cutting metals; Fig. 2, a front elevation; Fig. 3, a
longitudinal elevation; and Fig. 4, a view of the slide of the same, in which A
represents the driving pully; B, the fly wheel; C, the pinion; D, the driving
wheel; E, the shaft; F, the eccentric; G, openings through the levers I for
the eccentrics to work in; I, the fulcrum of the levers; J, a link on the
end of the levers. The said levers are worked by the eccentric F, working
alternately the slides K & L; the slide K is for punching, and the slide L
for shearing or cutting. M is a plate to hold the slides in their places; N, a
cam or eccentric, for stopping the action of the punch O, by means of the
handle or lever P. The punch. O is fitted into the socket Q, and kept
in its proper position by the plate R. S, the taker off'; T, the dic;. U, a
set screw to set the die into its proper place to suit the position, of the
punch O. K, the slide for the shears; W, the shear on the slide; X, the
bottom shear bolted to the frame Y. This frame is made hollow, to allow
room for the wheels and levers to work inside, the frame Y. This machino
may be made of wrought iron, if necessary, by which lightness and strength
will be combined, and when it is made of cast iron the bracket Z must be
cast on the side of the machine for the eye bolts A, A, to pass through; the
said eye bolts are for the purpose of strengthening the sides of the machine
where the strain acts upon it during the process of punching or shearing; they
also answer for the fulcrum shaft B, B, of the levers to pass through.
In Sheet 3, Fig. 1 is an end elevation of my improved machine for making
nuts, &c.; Fig. 2, a front view of the same with a portion of the frame-work
broken, in order to show more distinctly the internal arrangement of the
machinery; Fig. 3 is a section on the line A', B; and Fig. 4 shews the
cutting and punching part of the machine. a represents the driving pully;
b, the fly wheel; c, the pinion that gives motion to the wheel d on the second
motion shaft; e, a pinion on the second motion shaft for driving the wheel fon
the eccentric shaft; g, the eccentric for working the rams h, the lower ends of
which carry the cutting and punching apparatus, the arrangement of which
will be better understood by reference to Fig. 4; the lower end of the ram,
which is enlarged into a block j, containing a socket for the reception of the
shank of the punch k, which is retained therein by the set screw 1. m is a box
for holding the cutter n, fitting on and screwed to the block with bolts which
pass through the slots o, so that the position of the box on the block j may be
varied, and the distance of the cutter n from the punch k regulated. The
block j has also a socket to contain the cutter n, which is secured by the set
screw p. q is a plate secured to the anvil r; and s is a cover, inclosing a

page_text: ram.
guiding channel, through which the heated iron is to be passed, both plates
of which have holes to allow the free passage of the punch k. The plate
and the cover s terminate in a face which nearly coincides with the path of the
cutter n. v is a stop piece, fixed in any convenient manner to the framing, its
distance from the edge of the cutter being equal to the diameter of the nut to
be made. The machine being set in motion, the ramis h, h, will slide up and
down alternately in their guides; the operative then inserts the heated end of
an iron bar into the channel formed between the plates and covers and q,
until its progress is arrested by the stop v; the ram h then descends, and by
means of the cutter n severs a portion of the heated bar of the size of the
nut required, this piece having been perforated by a previous descent of the
The operative then takes this piece, and, whilst heated, places it upon
the pin i, i, and sets it fair with the receiving die, to be compressed and finished
into the size or form required by the two centre rams x and die u; this com-
pressing motion is performed by the eccentrics. On the end of the eccentric
shaft is keyed the crank plate Y, giving motion to the connecting rod which
works the crank A, A, keyed on the end of the shaft B, B. On this shaft is
the cam C, C, which works against the friction pully D, D, and raises and
lowers the slide E, E, at each revolution of the shaft B, B. On the top of
the slide E, E, is formed an opening or slot F, F, through which is a plate
G, G, fixed to the bottom of the frame H, H. In the centre of the plate
G, G, is fixed a pin I, I, which can be changed so as to suit any required size
or form; and also the socket J, J, which is screwed into the top end of the
slide E, E, and guided by the die W, which is fitted into the die block K, K,
which is bolted upon the base of the frame H, H. On the bottom end of the
slide E, E, are two lock nuts L, L, to regulate the height for the various thick-
nesses of metal to be compressed.
29
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of the said improve-
ments, I desire it to be, distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without
departing from the principle thereof; but I claim,―
Firstly, the general arrangement and construction of the machine for making
rivets, bolts, &c., with its alternate and dwelling motion of slide, the apparatus
for ejecting and heading the work.
Secondly, the general arrangement and construction of the machine for
punching, shearing, and cutting metals with its double lever motion, and the
means of working it by eccentrics or cams to the ends of the shaft, which
machine can be made of either wrought or cast iron, and the parts bolted
together.

page_text: Thirdly, the general arrangement and construction of the machine for
making nuts for screw bolts and similar articles, with the apparatus for
receiving the iron to be compressed into the required shape and ejected, as all
such improvements are herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Glasgow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named John Glasgow, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
JOHN GLASGOW. (L.S.)
Manchester.