IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Hadley Riddell, of 155, Cheapside, in the
City of London, Stove and Boiler Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES."
Sealed the 16th June 1863, and dated the 29th December 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Hadley Riddell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th December 1862.
I, JOSEPH HADLEY RIDDELL, of 155, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Stove and Boiler Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in stoves, usually called hot-air or
slow-combustion stoves, and consists in an arrangement by which the heated
or radiating surface of such stoves is so increased as to cause a large volume
of air to be rapidly heated to a moderate temperature instead of a small
volume of air being heated to a high temperature as is now generally the
case, and rendered available for warming churches, large halls, or public
buildings by being mixed with a large volume of cold air, and I carry my
Invention into effect by forming a fire-box of cast iron or other material, lined
with stout fire-bricks; which fire-box is connected with one or more chambers,
through which the heated products of combustion pass on their way to the

page_text: chimney or vent, such chambers being fitted with metal tubes as in the fire-
box of a locomotive boiler, either in a vertical or slanting position, through
which tubes a current of air is constantly and rapidly flowing, and which air
becomes heated in its passage and prepared for warming churches or large
halls or buildings.
I may remark that I do not propose to use any artificial or mechanical
means of inducing this current of air under ordinary circumstances, as the
natural tendency of air to rise when warmed will generally be quite sufficient
for the purpose, each tube acting in the manner of a chimney; but cases may
occur in which it might be necessary to force a larger volume of air through
the heating apparatus, especially when used for the purposes of warming and
ventilating churches or other buildings in which large numbers of persons
were assembled, and in such cases I propose to increase the rapidity of the
current by fans or any other convenient means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Hadley Riddell in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HADLEY RIDDELL, of 155, Cheapside, in the City of London, Stove and
Boiler Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tho
said Joseph Hadley Riddell, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Hadley Riddell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, "au
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
My said Invention relates to improvements in stoves, usually called hot-air
or slow-combustion stoves, and consists in an arrangement by which the
heated or radiating surfaces of such stoves are so increased as to cause a large
volume of air to be rapidly heated to a comparatively low temperature instead
of, as in former arrangements, heating a small volume of air to a high
temperature, and which-heated air can only be used after being mixed with a
large volume of cold air, and I carry my Invention into effect by forming a
fire-box of cast iron or other material, which may be lined with fire-bricks,
and which fire-box is connected with one or more chambers, through which
the heated products of combustion pass on their way to the chimney or vent;
such chambers being fitted with metal or other tubes, either in a vertical or
sloping position, through which tubes a current of air is constantly and rapidly
flowing, and which air becomes heated in its passage and prepared for
warming and ventilating churches or large halls or buildings.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I now proceed
more particularly to describe the construction of my improved stove, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, whereof Figure 1 is a per-
spective view of the stove, with one side removed to shew the internal
arrangement; Figure 2 is a vertical section, in which the direction of the
currents of the heated air and products of combustion from the fire-box to
the chimney is indicated by arrows, the position of the ventilating or res-
piratory tubes being shown by dotted lines, and Figure 3 is also a vertical
section of the stove, with the ventilating or respiratory tubes or pipes more
distinctly shewn; the direction of the currents of warmed air being also
indicated by arrows.
A is the fire-box; B, the fire-brick lining of the fire-box; C, a chamber
formed at the back of the fire-box, through which air passes, and being heated
as it ascends ultimately escapes through the pipes D. These pipes also act as
a grating or check to prevent the fuel passing from the fire-box to the smoke
chamber. E, E, the smoke-box or chamber of the stove, which is divided by
a curtain F, which descends to within a few inches of the base plate of the
stove; G, the smoke nozzle, through which the smoke passes to the chimney;
H, HI, H, pipes of metal or earthenware, which pass through the smoke-box

page_text: of the stove, and are open at the top and at the bottom, and fitted over cor-
responding openings in the top and bottom plates of the stove; I, the fire-
bars; K, the upper mouthpiece, through which clinkers or cinders may be
removed from the fire-box; L, the lower mouthpiece or regulating door,
through which ashes are removed, and the air admitted to support com-
bustion; M, the feed door or lid, through which the stove is supplied with
fuel. This lid drops into a groove in the cover of the stove, which is filled
with sand, and secures an air-tight joint, preventing the escape of any of the
products of combustion, except to the chimney. When the stove is in action
the pipes H, H, H, become heated, and a current of cold air entering at their
lower end passes through them, and as it becomes warmed by abstracting
heat from the hot pipes it rises, and ultimately escapes from the upper orifice
of the tube into the chamber to be warmed, and it may be observed, that the
air does not become dried or over heated in passing through these tubes, as it
obeys a natural law, and the hotter the pipes become the more rapidly does
the air pass through them and escape. The external radiating surface of the
stove may also be increased by feathers or corrugations being cast upon it.
There are thus two distinct currents passing through the stove, one consisting
of smoke, and the heated products of combustion passing from the fire-box A
through the front chamber of the smoke-box E, then under the curtain F,
up through the back chamber of the smoke-box E, and ultimately passing
through the smoke nozzle G to the chimney. The second current is composed
of atmospheric air, which entering the respiratory or ventilating tubes at the
bottom of the stove becomes warmed in its passage and escapes through the
top of the tubes into the chamber to be warmed.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my Invention, I
would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details
herein described, so long as the peculiar character of my Invention be
retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Hadley Riddell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOSEPH HADLEY RIDDELL. (L.S.)