IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jones, of Kilvey Cottage, Swansea,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS."
Sealed the 27th January 1854, and dated the 24th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jones
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th November 1859.
I, WILLIAM JONES, of Kilvey Cottage, Swansea, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of mechanism for
expressing clay or brick earth into moulds, and then causing the
plastic matters to be compressed within the moulds, and then to be
delivered. For this purpose a sliding mould frame is applied below a
pug mill, carrying a mould at each end; within the mould frame is a
moveable pallet, and these are acted on by an excentric and a cam of
lifting the pallet. When the plastic material has been forced by the
pug mill into the sliding mould frame an excentric moves the mould

page_text: frame under the bed plate, and the other cam lifts the compressing
pallet and completes the brick. The mould frame is then moved
beyond the bed plate, which brings the pallet over a cam or instrument,
which lifts it and delivers the brick, which is removed by hand. During
the delivery of the brick at one end of the mould frame a similar
mould and apparatus is receiving plastic material at the other end of
the mould frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM JONES, of Kilvey Cottage, Swansea, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said William Jones, Her special
licence that I, the said William Jones, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Jones, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Jones, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Jones, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists of a peculiar combination of mechanism for
expressing clay or brick earth into moulds, and then causing the plastic
matters to be compressed within the moulds, and then to be delivered.
For this purpose a sliding mould frame is applied (below a pug mill),
carrying a mould at each end. Within the mould frame is a moveable
pallet, and these are acted on by an excentric and a cam for lifting the
pallet. When the plastic material has been forced by the pug mill
into the sliding mould frane an excentric moves the mould frame under
the bed plate, and the other cam lifts the compressing pallet and
completes the brick. The mould frame is then moved beyond the bed
plate, which brings the pallet over a cam or instrument, which lifts it
and delivers the brick, which is removed by hand. During the delivery
of the brick at one end of the mould frame a similar mould and
apparatus is receiving plastic material at the other end of the mould
frame.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a machine constructed according
to my Invention; Figure 2 is a horizontal section; Figure 3 is an end
view, partly in section; and Figure 4 is a plan, partly in section. In
each of these Figures the same letters indicate similar parts. Motion
is given to the driving shaft A by a band or strap actuated by a steam
engine or other power, and from such shaft A motion is given to the
machine by the bevilled cog wheel a to the bevilled wheel B keyed on
the upright shaft C. Upon the rim of the wheel B are screwed or
fixed cams or inclines D, which act upon and lift the pallets E, E, fitted
within the moulds F, F, and in order to sustain the pressure required
for the compression of the moulded articles the wheel B is supported
on its under side by four friction rollers a', a', a', a'. Upon the upright
shaft C is keyed a ring G, and upon this is screwed or otherwise
fastened the excentric H, acting upon the friction rollers (1) attached

page_text: to the sliding mould frame I. The mould frame 1 is accurately fitted,
and works on slides K, which are securely bolted to the under side of
the plate I of the pug mill or feciler L, and to each end of the sliding
frame I are bolted the moulds F, in which are the pallets E. Within
the pug mill or feeder L the end of the upright shaft C works, and
upon this upper part of the shaft is fitted a cast iron socket O,
carrying arms similar to an ordinary png mill. In the bottom of the
pug mill L are two openings M; over the two openings M are slides
acted upon by a screw N, to be used for stopping or regulating the feed.
It is recommended to have the clay or brick carth crushed when in a
dry state into powder by rolls or other customary manner, and then
-moistened with water, and then introduced into the pug mill L, where
it is thoroughly mixed by the arms or stirrers when motion is given to
the machine, and on uncovering the feed openings M the moistened clay
will be forced in succession into the mould at either end of the frame,
the action of the excentric H causing the frame I, carrying the moulds
F, and pallets E, to be brought under the feed openings M.
When a
mould F has been brought under an opening M, it remains stationary
to receive the clay forced in by the arms of the pug mill. The
excentric H acting upon the friction rollers (1) attached to the sliding
moulds I moves the slide frame forward, and shuts up the feed opening
M, and at the same time brings the surface of the mould filled with
clay under a planed surface on the under side of the pug mill plate,
where it again remains stationary. The first cam D' acts on the
friction rollers (2) as it moves over it, and the pallet E is raised, by
which the clay or brick earth in the mould F will be compressed
against the under surface of the pug mill plate. The form of the cam
D' then allows the pallet to be free to drop, thus taking off the pressure
on the surface D', and it will thus remain while the excentric H again
moves forward the mould frame, and brings the pallet over the cam D³,
and to the outside of the pug mill; the cam D will now act on the
friction roller (3), and force up the pallet, and together with the com-
pressed brick, out of the mould; the brick is then to be removed by
hand during the time the other end of the slide and the other mould F
is receiving its charge of clay or brick earth, and it undergoes a like

page_text: operation to that above described. To make hollow bricks the action
of the slide moulds will be the same, but with the addition that attached
to and fitted to slide within the pallet E is a plug or plugs 6 of any
desired form. The moulds receive their charges of clay or brick earth,
and the same are compressed as described. A cam D³ acts on the
friction roller (4), which in these cases is added to the plug (b), and
raises it, thus compressing that part of the surface of the brick imme-
diately over the plug, and which had not previously been compressed on
lifting the pallet E. To force out the brick the plug is checked from
rising with the pallet E by contact in the slots at the bottom of the
mould F. The pallet and plug fall into position for receiving a fresh
charge of clay upon the cams D', D*, D³, a screw d acts for adjusting
the pressure and thickness on the surface of the hollow brick, and by
removing the hook e the pallet E, with its plug b, may be removed.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I
make no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself
to the details shown and described, so long as the peculiar arrange-
ment is retained. But what I claim is, combination of parts herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jones, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
25 Witness,
HENRY HILL,
of Birmingham.
WILLIAM JONES. (L.S.)