CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hill, of Stalybridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of " CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND
WINDING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 23rd January 1854, and dated the 27th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th August 1853.
I, JAMES HILL, cf Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for" CERTAIN S
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WIND-
ING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK. AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS" to be as
follows:-
It relates to an improved mode of imparting motion to the spindles
of muleand throstlespinning machinés, doubling and winding machines,
and other machines of similar character used for spinning, doubling, or
winding fibrous materials, when horizontal cylinders or rollers are
employed in such machines to give motion to the bands which drive
the spindles. It has hitherto been usual to drive the spindles of such
machines by a separate endless band to each spindle, but my Invention
[Price 8d1

page_text: consists in giving motion to a series of spindles by one endless band.
It will be sufficiently understood by the following explanation of the
mode of applying it to mules. The band (I will suppose) commences
at the warf of one extreme of the series of spindles to be driven, and
passes partly round the roller or cylinder, then to the warf of the next
spindle of the series, from thence to the roller again, and so on from the
warf of one spindle to the roller, and from the roller to the warf of
the next spindle, till it arrives at the last spindle of the series from
the warf of which it passes back to the warf of the first spindle of the
series. In passing from the first to the last spindle it may (when the
warves of the spindles are in line) be passed round one or more friction
spindles or warfs fixed to keep the band clear at the crossings, and to
prevent friction or contact with the other warves, or the end warves of
the series may be higher up or lower down the spindle than the rest of
the series, so that the bands will work clear, or in some cases, where
the axis of the warves are at a right angle to a line drawn from the
centre of the roller or cylinder, or so near that position as to give
sufficient angularity to the band passing to and from the roller or
cylinder at the warves, then the band may pass direct from the last warf
of the series to the first, touching in passing the unoccupied partof each
warf of the series. When spindles are to be driven on each side of the
horizontal roller or cylinder, as in the throstle, doubling, and winding
machines as generally made, the bands on one side may pass on the
roller or cylinder between the spaces left by the other bands, or two
rollers or cylinders may be used, or the band may pass so as to drive a
series of spindles on both sides of the frame by passing from the warf
round the roller, and then to the opposite warf, and so ou crossing over
from one side to the other. The number of spindles which may be
advantageously driven in one series by one endless band will depend in
some cases upon circumstances, such as the frequency of breakage in
the band, and in others upon the arrangement of the parts of the
mechanism to which it is adapted, but I have so far found it advanta
geous in mules to drive from twelve to fourteen spindles in one series;
.further experience may determine a much greater extension as to the
number.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th February 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES HILL, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Hill, Her especial
licence that I, the said James Hill, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as 1, the said James Hill, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said James Hill, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):
My Invention relates to an improved mode of imparting motion to
the spindles of mules and throstle spinning machines, doubling and
winding machines, and other machines of similar character used for
spinning, doubling, or winding fibrous materials when the cylinders or

page_text: rollers employed to give motion to the bands which drive the spindles
in such machines have their axes horizontal, or at or nearly at right
angles to the axes of the spindles. It has hitherto been usual to
drive the spindles of such machines by a separate endless band to each
spindle, but my Invention consists in imparting motion to a series of
spindles by one endless band. The advantages obtained by this
improved mode of driving are an economy of banding, a more uniform
turning of the spindles, from which will result in spinning and doubling
machines a greater uniformity of twist, and in mules a more uniform
size of cop, giving the means of producing a larger size of cop to the
pitch of the spindles than when each spindle is driven by a separate
band; at the same time smaller drums or cylinders than are commonly
employed may be used, if thought advisable. That the following
explanation of the modes of carrying my Invention into effect may be
clearly understood I refer to the annexed Drawing, the Figs.of which
show so much of the parts of soine of those machines to which my
Invention applies as will be necessary for the purpose of description.
Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10, are sectional elevations, and Figs. 2, 4, 6, 8,
and 11,are respectively plans to those sectional elevations, and Figs. 9,
and 12, are respectively front elevations to the views, Figs. 7, and S,
and Figs. 10, and 11. In each of the Figures the driving drum orroller
or rollers are marked a, the spindles the warves c, c¹, c, and the
'spindle rails d, and . I have already stated that my Invention con-
sisted in imparting motion to a series of spindles from drums orrollers
having their axes horizontal, or at or nearly at a right angle to the axes
of the spindles, by one endless band; the mode in which I accomplish it
is as follows-I pass the bands, as shewn, (see Figs. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11.)
from the warf (c,) of the first spindle of the series to be driven to the
roller or drum a, passing it partly round, and then from the roller or
drum (a) to the warf (c) of the next spindle of the series, and from
this to the drum or rolleragain, and so on from the warf of one spindle
to the drum or roller, and from the drum or roller to the warf of the
next spindle, till the last spindle of the series is arrived at, from the
warf of which (o) it is passed back to piece with the end at the warf
(c) of the first spindle in the series. If the warves of the series of

page_text: spindles are all in the same straight line, the band in pussing from one
extreme of the series of spindles to the other would come in contact
with all the warves,and also with those parts of the band at the warves,
except there was sufficient angularity between those sides of the band
passing over and those passing under the roller or drum to give
clearance; therefore to enable the band to work clear I pass it (in the
manner shewn)round the warf of a spindle e, which I fix in the spindle
rails d, d, for the purpose. Instead of a spindle a friction pulley may
be used, but I prefer the spindle. Or otherwise, instead of using a
friction spindle or pulley (e), (that the band may pass clear between
the extreme spindles of the series, as explained above, and as shewn
in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6,) the two warves on the extreme spindles
of the series intended to be driven by one band may be lower (as shewn
in Figs. 7, 8, and 9,) or higher than the other warves of the series, by
which arrangement the band will pass between them without contact
with the other warves. It will be observed in Figs. 2, 4, 6, and 8,
that the bands pass between those sides of the extreme warves of the
series of spindles to be driven and the drum or roller, which are
towards each other or towards the inside of the series, but they may
pass between those sides of the extreme warves and the drum or
roller outside the series of spindles to be driven, as shewn in Figs. 10,
11, 12, where it will be seen that the band passes from the outside of
the extreme warf c, to the drum or roller a, from the drum or rollerat,
to that side of the warve c 2, furthest from c, and in passing from it
crossing over or under the other portion of the band leading to it in
going to the drum or roller, repeating this till the last warf of the
series is arrived at, when, instead of passing to the first warf of the
series in the inside, it passes on the outside. With this arrangement a
friction spindle or pulley would have to be used on the outside (which
would be inconvenient in some machines), or the extreme warves of the
series would have to be higher or lower than the rest, as described of
Fig. 7, 8, and 9.
I may here state that I prefer to use the first method described
in which the friction spindle e, is employed, being, as far as my
experience goes, the least objectionable of the methods described for

page_text: carrying my Invention into effect. The number of spindles which
may be advantageously driven in one series depends partly upon con-
venience and what I may term local circumstances, such as the posi-
tion of the uprights or supports between the spindle rails, or the
position of the cross frames and other obstructions which the con struc-
tion of the machines present; it will also depend on the liability of
breakage of the band. When an obstruction renders it necessary I
pass the band round the warves of two spindles, though this will not
be necessary if friction pulleys are used to keep the band from rubbing
on the obstruction. I have found that I can conveniently drive 12 to
16 spindles and upwards in one series in mules, but in throstles and
doubling frames, and winding machines and other machines, the
number of spindles driven in one series will, as before stated, be
governed by circumstances.
I have now described what I consider my Invention, and the mode
in which I carry it into effect; it only remains for me to explain how
it may be applied to the several machines herein-before alluded to.
Fig. 1, and 2, show the mode of driving a single side of spindles,
such as mules and machines of that character. Fig. 3, and 4, show
the manner in which the spindles of two sided machines may be
driven, such as throstle spinning and doubling frames, and winding
machines and like machines. It will be seen that one drum or roller
drives both sides, and if, the bands from each side will not work
clear of each other on the drum or roller a, the spindles on one
side may be set so that the bands will have clearance or equal
spaces on the drum, as shewn in Fig. 4. It will be obvious that two
drums or rollers may be employed, one for each side. Fig. 5, and 6,
show that my method of banding is applicable where two drums or
rollers are employed. By this method the spindles on each side are
driven principally by the druin or roller furthest from it, the other
drun or roller being principally employed to bear up the lower sides
of the bands passing from the other, so that both sides of the bands
pass on to the warves nearly perpendicular to the axes of the spindles.
No further explanation of this method of working will be necessary,
as by inspection of the Figs. 5, and 6, it will be obvious.

page_text: I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the s
mode in which it may be carried into effect, and wish it to be under-
stood that I claim as my Invention the mode herein-before described of
imparting motion to a series of spindles by one endless band from
drums or rollers having their axes placed horizontal, or at or nearly at
right angles to the axes of the spindles to be driven, so long as its
peculiar character be retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hill, have hereunto set
my hand aud seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JAMES HILL. (L.B.)