matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLOUGHING OR TILLING LAND
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson .Murray and
George Mingay Garrard at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th October 1871.
•
We, GEORGE WILSON MURRAY and GEORGE MINGAY GARRARD, both
of the Banff Foundry, Banff, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLOUGHING OR
TILLING LAND," to be as follows :—
This Invention has reference to improvements on an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to us the 16th August 1869,
No. 2343. Referring to the second part of the Specification of the
Patent before referred to, and for enabling our combined plough and
subsoiler to turn more easily than heretofore at the headlands, to
prevent its falling over, and to render the implement more manageable
generally we construct it as follows:-We fix to the end of the stud
forming the axis of the subsoil tine, and on the furrow side of the tine,
an arm descending towards the ground at the rear of the tine, and
forming an angle with the latter in such manner that when the subsoil
tinc is pulled out of the ground, the end of the arm simultaneously or

page_text: nearly so strikes the ground and acts as a support to the implement,
and when the action is continued for a short distance further the
implement is raised on that side in such manner that the other side is
raised by the lever and wheel commonly known as the "Land" lever
and wheel. The end of the arm is flattened to present more bearing Ę
surface to the ground, and viewed in elevation from the furrow side of
the implement is curved to facilitate its sliding on the ground. In the
place of this lever with the skid or curved end a lever fitted with a
wheel may be used. The entire implement being lifted on both sides
by the joint action of the land wheel and subsoil arm it may be balanced 1
on those two parts as bearings, and the ploughman in turning at the
headland is enabled to pivot round the entire apparatus with great ease.
To give a wider turning base we knee the arm towards the furrow side.
The subsoil arm may be attached to a centre independant of the subsoil
axis and carried by a part of the subsoil bracket or by the beams or 1
frames of the implement and actuated by similar lever connections
independent of those used for the subsoil tine.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Roberts, Ephraim Armi-
tage, and Jonas Haley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st October 1871.
WC, LUKE ROBERTS, Engineer, EPHRAIM ARMITAGE, Engineer, and
JONAS HALEY, Card Manufacturer, all of Oleckheaton, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention consists in the employment of a fan or blast engine
connected to pipes, the first pipe end being fixed in the ash-pit of the
boiler, and the other pipe end being fixed in the chimney flue; this
latter pipe end is so constructed that it forms the back hot air and
smoke chamber of the boiler. Communication from this chamber to the
chimney is effected by means of a damper to allow of a draught with
the chimney when required. The fan or blast engine is placed on the
side of the boiler and near the centre; the exhaust pipe branching off to
the chimney flue and the delivery pipe to the ash-pit. The fan or blast
engine forces hot air and smoke from the boiler flues back again through
the ash-pit and through the fire-bar spaces and coals, thus causing the

page_text: hot air to maintain the combustion of the fire through the great rapidity
of the current of hot air at a high temperature (about 930 degrees
Fahrenheit), and producing a rapid current of air and a clear flame with
a great saving of fuel. Doors are applied to the front of the ash-pit to
prevent the escape of the hot air supplied by the fän; these doors are
opened when the fire is lighted and before the current of hot air is
established. A damper is placed between the pipe and the chimney
flue; this damper is opened when the fire is lighted forming a current of
air with the chimney and allowing the escape of the gases and smoke;
this damper is closed when the fan is set in operation, the chimney then
not being required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPOGRAPHICAL PRINTING PRESSES OR MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred John Parker and John.
Esson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th February 1871.
We, ALFRED JOHN PARKER, of Olney Street, in the County of Surrey,
Printer, and JOHN Esson, of Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPOGRAPHICAL PRINTING PRESSES OR MACHINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new means of obtaining the impression
from the types upon the material, and is applicable to all presses in
which a flat platten is employed, whether horizontally, vertically, or at
an angle. Also to a new arrangement of press whereby the operation
can be effected in a more economical manner than with presses at present
constructed.
The first part of our Invention consists of a platten composed of two
parts, one of them being a frame and one a plate; these move together to
bring the paper or other material to the type, and then one only moves.
to exert a pressure upon. the type to obtain the necessary impression.

page_text: Or the same result can be obtained by causing the type forme to move
towards the plate after it with the paper has been brought to the types.
One way of accomplishing this is to connect the platten arms to discs,
wheels, or cranks, and limiting the throw of, say, the frame when a
continued motion of the discs, wheels, or cranks would cause the plate
to travel a greater distance, and thus obtain the impression.
The new arrangement consists in jointing the platten to the frame and
causing it to vibrate by means of levers or other appliances. The levers
themselves or others connected to them cause the inking rollers to travel
over the type and the distributing rollers to move over the inking table.
We prefer that the type forme be fitted vertically in the frame, as by
that arrangement great economy of space is gained. Springs can be
used to return the plate after the impression has been taken. The
working parts can be actuated by a treadle or other apparatus for light
presses, but for heavy ones the usual working gear can be employed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH PORTFOLIO STANDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butler Bunyard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1871.
I, JOHN BUTLER BUNYARD, of High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Portfolio Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH
PORTFOLIO STANDS," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in certain improved apparatus to be applied
to stands for holding portfolios and similar articles, and by means of
which the latter may be opened to and retained at any desired angle.
As ordinarily constructed such stands are provided on the exterior thereof
with metallic bars consisting of two parts connected by a knee joint,
the extremity of one of such bars being attached to the lower part of
the stand, and the extremity of the other being attached to the upper
part of the portfolio itself. This arrangement will only allow of the
portfolio being opened at an angle regulated by the length of the bars,
the knee joint connecting which rests upon the ground when the portfolio
is open.

page_text: The present Invention obviates this objection in the following manner :
-The upper bar consists of a tube in which is placed a moveable rod
one surface of which is provided throughout its length with indentations,
sockets, or apertures for the purpose of receiving the end of a screw
which passes through a hole or aperture formed in the tube near the u
knee joint, the upper end of the screw being provided with a milled
head for the purpose of actuating the same. The moveable rod is capable
of being drawn out from the tube at the end at which the knee joint is
situated, and can be fixed at any desired point, and the lower end being
allowed to rest on the ground a ready means is afforded for retaining the 1
portfolio in an open position at any required angle. The upper end of
the tubular bar may be affixed either to the portfolio itself or to a portion
of the stand.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FORCING AIR OR. GAS THROUGH TUBES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Webber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1871.
I, CHARLES EDMUND WEBBER, of Cornwell Gardens, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Captain in the Royal Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF FORCING
AIR OR. GAS THROUGH TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of a jet or jets of steam or
air within a tube or pipe as a mover of the air therein for pneumatic
purposes.
The Invention consists in the introduction into a pneumatic tube or
pipe a jet or jets of steam or air of any dimensions carried by a tube
or pipe smaller than that into which it is introduced as a means of
moving a column of air or any other gas in the larger pipe or tube,
either for purposes of pressure or exhaust in the tube itself, or in any
reservoirs with which it may be in connection.
AN IMPROVED KIND OF ENVELOPE OR WRAPPER FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF PATTERNS OR SAMPLES BY POST
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Adams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1871.
I, THOMAS ADAMS, of 14, Little Tower Street, in the City of London,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN
IMPROVED KIND OF ENVELOPE OR WRAPPER FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF PATTERNS OR
SAMPLES BY POST," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the following:-I make or form out of
paper, linen, canvas, or other materials, an envelope or wrapper with four
flaps. The two inner flaps of the said envelope or wrapper are per-
forated or punched out in such a manner that the patterns or samples
enclosed can be readily seen. The two outer flaps overlapping &
covering the inner perforated flaps I fasten with a metallic paper
fastener in one or more places, leaving the two ends open, so that the
contents may be examined by the postal authorities through the
perforations in the inner flap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUSTACHE PROTECTORS USED ON DRINKING VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Brock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1871.
I, JOHN JAMES BROCK, of Moseley, in the County of Worcester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUSTACHE PROTECTORS USED ON DRINKING VESSELS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
-
This Invention consists in making a form of guard or protector for
the moustache whilst in the act of drinking, which shall be removeable
from the cup or vessel when not in use, and readily attached thereto
when required, and capable also of adjustment to suit various sized
vessels. For this purpose I make a thin plate, by preference of metal,
and of a size to cover a portion only of the top of the vessel, having an
aperture of a convenient size and form at that part of the guard or
protector which will be nearest that edge of the vessel which will be
between the lips in drinking. This plate is fitted with spring clips
which clasp over the edge of the vessel on either side, and a small tube
is fixed on the under side of the plate, which tube contains a spring, the

page_text: action of which is exerted upon a small bar in a horizontal line across
the vessel from front to back, this bar is furnished at its end with a clip
which is made to clasp the edge of the vessel farthest from the mouth,
so that the protector is thus held in position at three points, and suffi-
ciently so to be firm whilst in use though casily removeable and
capable of adjustment to various sizes of vessels.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY BOTTLE FOR CONTAINING POISONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ferns Langford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1871.
I, GEORGE FERNS LANGFORD, of the City of Manchester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY
BOTTLE FOR CONTAINING POISONS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a peculiar form of
bottle for containing poisons in the use of which it will be almost
impossible to make a mistake by substituting it for another bottle in the
administering of medicine, a practice which has so often led to fatal
results, and consists in forming such bottles in the shape of a coffin,
which may be externally ornamented with death's head or other suitable
device, the external appearance of which together with the shape of the
whole bottle would indicate the dangerous nature of the contents, whilst
the handling of such a shaped bottle in the dark would equally tend to
carefulness in administering its contents, and thus prove a safeguard
against accidents.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOE AND CLOG TIPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Southan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1871.
I, THOMAS SOUTHAN, of Muxton, near Newport, in the County of
Salop, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOE AND CLOG
TIPS," to be as follows:-
Bar iron of the usual kind is employed, and the end or point being
sharpened, the said bar is placed in acid for the purpose of removing
scale and other impurities, and it is then drawn through a draw plate,
the orifice through which the tip iron is so drawn being the particular
shape or section it is desired to assume when finished. The drawn rods
are now passed through a "close" annealing process, by which I mean
that the vessels in which they are annealed are hermetically sealed.
The said rods having been cut into the lengths required (which may
be done either before or after the process of annealing, as preferred)

page_text: are placed in a shaking or scouring barrel in order to cause the surfaces
of the piece of iron to be perfectly clean and bright. They are now
shaped as required for tips, and after being punched or drilled for nails
or screws, are ready for use.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR HEATING METALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1871.
I, THOMAS DAVIS, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Roll
Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR HEATING METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to furnaces used for heating metals, and
consists in employing in the interiors of the furnaces hollow cylinders
or drums connected to tables or plates fixed to shafts so that they
can revolve. The cylinders or drums are made of fire-clay or fire-brick,
and their interiors are supplied with cold water or air to prevent the
cylinders from burning, and the doors of the furnaces are each made in
two halves which can be opened and closed by handles. When these
improved furnaces are used in the manufacture of wire, hoop iron, or any
other description of rolled metal, the larger metal from which these
articles are to be made is charged upon the cylinders or drums, and as
soon as it is sufficiently heated the ends are drawn through openings in the
walls of the furnace, and passed between a series of drawing rollers which

page_text: cause the cylinders to turn and give off the coils, the drawn wire being
at the same time wound or coiled on a drum or cut into lengths as
required, or I cause the cylinders or drums in the furnaces to be driven
by power. On the cylinders or drums there are several coils heated at
the same time, each coil when heated being in connection with its
corresponding series of drawing rollers, and as fresh coils can be rapidly
placed on the cylinders when the furnace doors are opened or the metal
coiled on the cylinders as they revolve, the manufacture of smaller iron
or steel from larger can be effected with great speed and economy.
When desired the metal after passing between the first series of
drawing rollers can be wound on a revolving cylinder in another furnace,
from whence it passes between another series of rollers and so on as often
as may be required in continuation of the process of rolling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTHOUSE AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nicholas Douglass at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1871.
I, JAMES NICHOLas Douglass, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTHOUSE AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the brilliancy of the flame
of lighthouse and other lamps in which concentric wicks are used, and
at the same time to condense the flame to the desired form for lighthouse
purposes. In these lamps spaces are now left between the several
concentric wick tubes to admit a supply of air to the several rings of
flame.
In order to enable a portion of each of the currents of air rising up
between the concentric wick tubes to be deflected against the interior of
each flame without cutting off the light arising from the lower part of
the flame, and without transmitting heat to the wick tubes, I apply just
at the top of each of the air spaces, between the wick tubes, metal rings,

page_text: curved outwards at the top to deflect the currents of air impinging
against them on to the interior of the flames. At the top of the central
space of the inner wick tube I also apply a similar curved ring or curved
hollow button, to deflect the current of air rising up through it against
the interior of the inner flame in the ordinary way; the curved rings are
all carried by thin radial arms or supports from a central stem, which is
received into sockets in the central space of the inner wick tube. The
deflecting plates are thus entirely independent of the wick tubes and are
all carried by a central stem, in the same way as the central, button
heretofore used has ordinarily been carried.
By thus carrying the deflecting rings no heat will be transmitted from
them to the wick tubes, and so I am enabled to employ beneficially
deflecting plates for deflecting air against the interior of all the concentric
flames when burning hydrocarbon oils.
The bottom edge of each of the deflecting rings-being above the top of
each of the concentric air spaces between, the wick tubes, one portion of
the current of air rising through each air space will pass to the exterior
of one flame, whilst the other portion will be deflected against the
interior of the flame which surrounds it, small perforations may also be
made at the bottom of the hollow central button, to allow a portion of
'the stream of air rising through the central air space to pass to tlie
central space within the inner flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Holland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1871.
86
I, PHILIP HOLLAND, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the preparation of
violet colouring matters adapted for dyeing and printing, whereby the
same are produced in a more economical manner than heretofore. For
these purposes the substance known as "rosaniline," which has been
precipitated from a salt of that base by hydrate of soda or hydrate of
lime, and which has been washed and dried at 212° Fahrenheit, is taken
and placed together with bromide or iodide of potassium or sodium and
a mixture of commercial sulphuric acid and methylated spirit or purified
wood spirit or a mixture thereof in a metal digester, which latter is
lined internally with lead or enamel or other substance capable of with-
standing the action of dilute mineral acids, and capable of being closed
securely, and of sufficient strength to resist considerable internal pressure.

page_text: Attached to the digester is a tube of metal fitted with a tap which can
be connected with a condenser or tube. The mixture thus formed is
treated at a temperature of 248° to 266° Fahrenheit by heat applied in
any convenient manner. At the end of about three hours, or when by
the shade of colour obtained the operation is considered to be complete,
and when the digester is cooled the latter is opened and caustic soda, in
quantity equal to about one-third of the weight of the bromide or iodide
(and which has been previously dissolved in water), is added to the
substances contained in the digester. The latter is then closed and
heated to about the temperature of 212° Fahrenheit so as to decompose
the salt of the violet colouring matter. The spirit not consumed in the
operation is separated by distillation either before or after the caustic
soda is added. The residue in the digester is then treated with water
to remove salts, from which the bromine or iodine can be recovered by
the usual methods and employed again in the manufacture of fresh
bromides or iodides of potassium or sodium to be used in subsequent
operations. The remainder of the residue contains the free base of the
violet colouring matter which is dissolved in hydrochloric or acetic acid,
and either crystallised or evaporated to the consistency of paste at a
temperature of 212° Fahrenheit. The violet colouring matter prepared
as above mentioned is soluble in water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONDENSERS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Bell and John
Henry Bell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th April 1871.
We, CHARLES EDWARD BELL and JOHN HENRY BELL, of Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Woollen and Angola Yarn Spinners,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONDENSERS OF CARDING ENGINES," (to be as follows) :-
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus employed in con-
nection with carding engines for receiving the carded wool or other
carded fibrous substance as it is doffed or stripped from the doffer
cylinders in a sheet or web, and dividing the said sheet into several
strips of any required width, and condensing or rubbing or rolling
such strips into round slivers or rovings ready for spinning.
Now the great object of our improvements is to obtain or produce
the slivers or rovings of uniform weight, which by the means hitherto
employed is difficult to obtain. To accomplish this object (we employ
a series of circular shears or cutting knives mounted upon two shafts in
such manner that those on one shaft will enter alternately in betwixt

page_text: those on the other shaft, each being formed of the breadth to which the
strip is to be cut, the periphery being formed hollow or grooved, and
cach angle forming a cutting edge to be tempered and sharpened so as to
effectually cut the sheet of fibrous substance into strips as aforesaid.
The hollows or grooves contract or compress the strips in width and
thereby continue the separation of them from each other, and they then
pass to the rubbers to be rubbed in the usual manner. These shears
or knives are mounted loosely on the shafts (being driven by feathers
thereon) so as to be capable of moving laterally on the said shafts for
the purpose of adjusting the cutting edges to each other, which is done
by having one end of one or both shafts screwed and a nut or nuts
placed thereon, by means of which the said cutting edges can be adjusted
to the greatest nicety.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN AUGERS ANd Bits
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Swan, of Seymour, County of New Haven,
State of Connecticut, in the United States of America, Machinist,
for the Invention of " A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN AUGERS ANd Bits.”
Sealed the 16th April 1872, and dated the 19th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Swan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1871.
I, JAMES SWAN, of Seymour, County of New Haven, State of Con-
5 necticut, in the United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN AUGERS
AND BITS." to be as follows :—

page_text: In that bit the cutting edge, commencing at the screw, falls back, so
that the most advanced cutting point is at the extreme edge.
"
The object of my Invention is to cause the cut to commenco at
the centre and act as a shave from that point to the extreme edge,
whereby the "tearing" often experienced in the use of the "Cook
bit is avoided; and it consists in starting the cut of the floor lip'at
nearly the opposite side of the screw point to that in which the floor
lip terminates, and making the edge of a spiral form around the point to
the opposite side, then reversing the curve, carrying it forward up to
the termination of the gouge lip, as more fully hereafter described.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Fig. 1 is a side view of a bit
embodying my Invention; Fig. 2 is an end view of same; and Fig. 3 is
an end view of the "Cook" bit of the same size.
The twist A of the bit is formed in the usual manner, as for the
"Oook" bit. In the "Cook" bit the floor lip commences at the
point, on the same side and nearly in the same radial line as its
termination n, whereby the cut is practically a square cut, the
extreme edge being if anything a little in advance, whereas in my
improvement I commence the floor lip at the point a. From this point
the cutter curves around to about the point b, or half way from the
centre to the edge, which last-named point is nearly opposite to the
point of starting. From the point 6 the curve is reversed and made
concave up to the completion of the gouge lip d, hence the cut acts as a
shave to gradually cut from the point a towards the extreme edge, the
centre being always in advance.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF FITTING PORTABLE SOLES AND HEELS TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1871.
I, GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of 20, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF FITTING PORTABLE SOLES AND HEELS TO
BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention has for its object to provide a simple and convenient
method of fitting portable soles and heels to boots and shoes. For this
purpose I form or fit in or upon the bottom surface or sole of a boot or
shoe suitable grooves or slides, having bevilled or under cut sides or
edges. Into or upon these grooves or slides I place suitable pieces of
leather or other wearing material having properly bevilled or shaped
edges to fit and be held firmly by the slides or grooves. These pieces of
leather or other material can be changed, or fresh ones substituted by
drawing them in or out of the grooves or slides. I occasionally place
spikes in some of the pieces or strips for use in frosty weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Dilnutt and
John Knowelden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th November 1871.
We, WILLIAM HENRY DILNUTT, of Mawbey Road, Old Kent Road,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and JOHN KNOWELDEN, of Cottage
Road, Bermondsey, in the same County, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to effect an economy in the com-
bustion of fuel, and prevent the evolution of smoke from steam boiler
and other furnaces. For this purpose air is admitted to the furnace
through air channels in which the fire-bars are set, and by the contact of
the cool air the bars are preserved from the destructive effect of the fire.
We propose generally to close the ash-pit, and convert it into a com-
bustion chamber, bringing down the gases of combustion as they are
generated above the fire-bars, and burning them mingled with the air
supplied by the air channels. Or the air may ascend through the mass

page_text: of fuel, and mingling with the gases create an intense heat in the
ordinary combustion chamber. In the latter case we groove the surfaces
of the bars to form channels for the air under the superincumbent fuel.
The air channels we form of a V shape in sections by preference, and
support the fire-bars on ribs or shoulders formed thereon. These bars 5
may be made of cast iron or of fire-brick. The front ends of the air
channels are open to the atmosphere, or they might be connected with an
apparatus suitable for delivering a blast of air to the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING BOTTLES AND VESSELS AND DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS THEREFROM
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Pilgrim and Alexander
Eli at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th June 1871.
We, EZRA PILGRIM, of Euston Road, Saint Pancras, in the County of
Middlesex, and ALEXANDER ELI, of Bedford Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING BOTTLES AND VESSELS AND DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS
THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the adoption for the purposes of
stopping bottles or vessels of an instrument substantially of the
following character, namely:-We construct a tube provided with a
tap, which is opened and shut by means of a valve or plug fitted on
a rod at or near the end or at or near any other required point thereof,
and having, if required, an enlarged part protruding from the top or end
of the said tube. Against which enlarged part and also against a ledge
or projection in the tube a spiral spring operates, so that pressure on
the end of this rod opens the tap for drawing off, which pressure being
removed, the spring causes the valve or plug to be pressed into its

page_text: position for stopping or closing the vessel. The valve is or plug is
preferred to be of india-rubber, and to be screwed on to the rod and
secured by a screw washer. The tube at the part intended to be
inserted into the bottle or vessel is exteriorly threaded and has an
annular piece of india-rubber placed between two collars, the upper or
outer one being capable of being screwed up from time to time, so that
the tube with the rubber thereon being pressed into the vessel the collar
may be screwed up so as to expand the rubber, making an air-tight
stopping, and this being inserted into a champagne or other wine bottle
the contents may
be from time to time drawn off without injury to the
liquid.
For other vessels than bottles the arrangements will be substantially
similar; but we prefer for casks that the enlarged part of valve rod
which usually protrudes from the end of tap should be made in parts so
that the usually protruding part may be removed to allow of the tap
being driven in by a mallet or suitable instrument, and also that this
moveable end should be constructed as a key to shut or open a lock or
latch fitted to the enlarged part, and taking into the body of tap or
-tube aforesaid, and thus secure the liquid from being drawn off by
unauthorized persons. In order to hold the valve open any length of
time without continuing the pressure of the hand a little catch or key
can be used to fall into ratchet teeth on the valve spindle to prevent the
valve closing until the catch or key is moved.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DREDGING DOCKS, RIVERS, AND CANALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lungley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
January 1871.
66
.
I, CHARLES LUNGLEY, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVED
MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DREDGING DOCKS, RIVERS, AND CANALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for dredging
the bottoms of docks, rivers, canals, and other waters, whereby the
operation can be performed in a more expeditious and less costly manner
than by the present mode.
The Invention consists, firstly, in suspending two crane arms or jibs
from one central pillar and attaching a bag or other scoop and chain to
each jib, the jibs I propose to so fit that each of them has a separate or a
combined action as desired, to lift from both sides of the barge or dredger
at one time or from one side only, in which case the second scoop or
receptacle could be employed to receive the deposit from the first or
lifting scoop, and then to throw it out into the mud barge or other receiver
at the opposite side of the dredger from which the lifting takes place, an

page_text: operation of great advantage when working near a wall or pier. The
scoops or buckets are arranged with tipping rods or chains and with
guide rods to determine the dip. The hauling and guiding chains can
be acted upon by steam or other power. In some cases the lift or the
receiving scoop empties its contents into receptacles put upon trolleys
which when loaded can be moved to any part, thus obviating the labour
of shovelling or shifting as is now required. In other cases the trolley
can be brought near the lifting scoop by the additional jib and chain
to be loaded. In lieu of tipping the scoop, the bottom of it can be
jointed and caused to open when the contents would fall therefrom.
Other chains of the jibs or of the derricks may be actuated to move the
trolleys to and fro. Sometimes I fit the scoop with slotted bars at each
side, and when I wish it to be discharged I lower it to the bottom of
the slots, when it will turn over by itself. The scoops or the jibs of the
derrick may be arranged so as to act alternately, so that as one is lifting
or being lifted the other is descending, and vice versa, or both the scoops
may be arranged to work simultaneously from the barge. Universal
or other joints can be fitted to the scoops so that they can be worked
in any desired manner. The scoops or buckets can be employed to move
the barge from place to place, instead of having separate apparatus for
propelling it. Several derricks can be arranged in the same barge or
vessel, and the scoops of each can be worked by the same engine, or by
separate engines supplied from one boiler if found advisable, or two scoops
can be arranged to one jib to expedite the dredging operation. The
mouths of the scoops are so made that they begin to act the moment
of touching the mud or material, and are thus prevented sliding over it,
a common occurence with the present form of scoop.
An IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR SCOURING AND CLEANING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Breitenbach at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1871.
I, CARL BREITENBACH, of Greek Street, Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “An
IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR SCOURING AND CLEANING FLOORS AND OTHER SURFACES,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention consists of a mechanical, implement for scouring floors
and other surfaces, and is designed to facilitate and expedite that
operation and enable it to be performed with a very small quantity of
water, which may be used over and over again, whereas in scouring a
room or other surface with a scrubbing brush the operator has to go on
her knees, and also to change the water frequently.
The construction of the above-mentioned improved implement is as
follows:―To one end of a suitable framing I affix in a slanting direction
a hollow rod about three or four feet long, and within this hollow rod I
place a solid rod, rather shorter than the hollow rod. The lower end of

page_text: the solid rod I form cranked, and connect such cranked part to one or
more endless belts (presently described) working over rollers, and on the
upper end of the aforesaid solid rod I fix a small bevil pinion or wheel,
into which gears another larger bevil wheel suitably fixed and furnished
with a lever handle for imparting rotatory motion to the said wheels and
parts connected therewith. I also propose to employ three endless belts
arranged at the bottom of the implement and passing over rollers, as
before stated. The middle belt is fitted with cross pieces of vulcanized
india-rubber fixed at equal distances asunder, and the other two belts
are each covered with sponge, and between the rollers over which the
aforesaid belts pass is placed a small vessel to contain water, the upper
part being furnished with any suitable filtering arrangement.
The operations of the above-mentioned improved implement are as
follows:―The operator standing erect places one hand on the upper end
of the slanting hollow rod of the implement, and with the other hand
imparts rotatory motion to the bevil wheels thereof, and thus causes the
cranked part of the aforesaid solid rod to impart backward and forward
movement to the endless belts, the effect of which is as follows:―The
middle belt scours the surface intended to be cleaned, and the outside
sponge belts take up the water that has been used and place it in the
filter, so that it may have the dirt separated therefrom, and be used
over and over again, the water passing out through perforations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st.
January 1871.
I, WILLIAM WINTER,' of Leeds, in the County of. York, do. hereby,
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
:―
My improvements consist, firstly, in giving motion to the various
levers by means of a wedge form or "hatchet lever" instead of cams of
ordinary construction. These "hatchet levers" are fitted on to studs on the
head, so that they may be worked freely. Suitable eccentrics are mounted
on the driving shaft, whereby a radial movement is given to the "hatchet
levers." Instead of the metal levers coming in direct contact with the
wedge form of the hatchet levers, bosses are provided in which are
fitted pins of wood or other suitable material. These pins may be made
to project any required distance through the bosses and retained by set
screws, by which means the levers may be allowed to receive the full
stroke given by the wedge form of the hatchet lever or only a portion
thereof. The noise hitherto attending the working of sewing machines
is hereby obviated.

page_text: The second part of my Invention consists in the construction of the
machine head, which is as follows:-I make the bearing for cam or
driving shaft consist of one long boss or journal placed in the centre of
a circular plate on the head. I attach the shuttle race to the head and
also the bearing for the needle bar, these being all formed or cast in f
one piece. By this means a large amount of the fitting hitherto
attending the connecting of these parts with the head is avoided.
The third part of my Invention consists in the arrangement of the
shuttle cover. In the top of the plate is formed a hole through which
the shuttle may be passed into its place. A plate or lid is made to fill
the hole, and by its own weight to remain stationary when dropped into
its place, requiring no screws or dovetail to retain it.
"
shaft I fix a
The fourth part of my improvements consists in the feed motion
which is particularly applicable to machines used for sewing the "back
straps on to boot uppers. I provide a worm wheel, which is also
made to serve the purpose of a feed wheel. Motion is conveyed to it
through a worm fitted on to a shaft mounted in bearings. On the worm
shaft is fitted a ratchet wheel. On the driving or cam
crank or disc provided with a crank pin, on which is mounted so as to
work freely one end of a connecting rod, the other end being mounted a
on a pin attached to a lever on the worm shaft, a pawl is fitted on the
lever. The reciprocating movement of the connecting rod being trans-
mitted to the pawl through the lever gives the required circular motion
to the ratchet wheel, which is conveyed through the worm shaft to the
worm, and thence to the feed or worm wheel.
r
r
IM- PROVEMENTS IN STAYS AND BODDICES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1871.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS, of Nos. 128 and 129, Cheapside, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STAYS AND BODDICES," to be as follows:-
Stays and boddices as at present made are either opened and laced up
at the back (as stays), or as boddices they are made to open in front, the
busk being made in two parts and provided with suitable fastenings, and
they are also laced up at the back, but left loose to the extent of 4 or 5
inches, so as to enable the wearer to fasten the busk easily, and then
tighten up the lace to the extent required. In the double busk of the
boddice objection is frequently made to the thickness of the busk with
its fastenings, but more especially to its great liability to break when the
wearer stoops.
Now my present Invention has for its object to obviate these incon-
veniences, and consists in so constructing the boddice that it does not
open in front, but is there constructed in all respects as a stay and

page_text: provided with an ordinary stay busk, while the opening is made at a
point between the side of the bosom and the back, preferably at a point
near the front of the arm, at which point the boddice is for this purpose
provided with two thin longitudinal pieces of steel about three-eights of
an inch wide, provided with any suitable known form of fastening such
as are now used for the busks in the front of boddices, only of a lighter
character.
By these means I combine the advantages of the stay with the con-
an inch wide, provided with any suitable known form of fastening such
as are now used for the busks in the front of boddices, only of a lighter
character.
By these means I combine the advantages of the stay with the con-
venient mode of fastening possessed by the boddice.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF BEER AND OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS FROM CASKS OR VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Andrews at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1871.
I, CHARLES ANDREWS, of The Cedars, New Brentford, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF BEER AND
OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS FROM CASKS OR VESSELS," to be as follows: :—
My Invention relates to improvements in drawing off beer and other
fermented liquors from casks or vessels, and has for its object to prevent
the deterioration of the beer or other liquid by exposure to the ordinary
atmospheric pressure as is the case when drawn off in the usual manner.
For this purpose I propose to introduce compressed air into the top
of the cask or vessel, and by that means cause the beer to flow freely
when the tap is turned on. To this end I set the tap in the top of the
cask or vessel instead of below as usual, and provide an air pump in
connection with it by which the air may be forced in when required,
so that by simply turning the tap the compressed air will cause the beer
to pass up a pipe leading from near the bottom of the cask or vessel to
the tap above and flow freely from the cask. This arrangement has also

page_text: the advantage of improving the quality of the beer and of dispensing
with a vent peg.
In applying my Invention to a number of casks or vessels I propose
to provide an air vessel which may be made to communicate with all
the casks by means of pipes, the air vessel being charged by means of a
single air pump which may be worked by a steam engine or other means.
By this arrangement the beer may be drawn off in an upper room or bar
by means of ordinary taps instead of the beer engines at present in use,
the air being maintained at the requisite pressure by means of a pressure
gauge and safety valve applied either to the receiver or the casks, whilst
the labor of drawing off large quantities of beer will be greatly
diminished.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE HANDLES OF SHOVELS AND ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1871.—A communication from abroad by Franklin
Alsip, of North McGregor, in the State of Iowa, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
HANDLES OF SHOVELS AND ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:→
This Invention has for its object so to construct the handles of shovels,
spades, and forks as to make them more convenient and effective in use.
And it consists in the application to the ordinary shovel handle of a
supplementary or secondary lifting handle. The blade or plate of the
shovel or prongs of the fork and the main or leverage handle are con-
structed and connected with each other in the ordinary manner, and the
supplementary handle or hand piece is fitted upon and secured by bolts
or rivets to the lower part of the main handle at or near the upper ends
of the straps of the blade. The hand piece projects forward and its
lower end is supported by a brace. The outer end of this brace is

page_text: securely attached to the lower end of the hand piece, and its lower end
is attached to the main handle at or near the upper end of the blade or
plate. By this construction the forward hand of the person using the
tool is greatly relieved of the weight thrown upon it by bearing down
upon the upper end of the handle with the other hand to balance or
raise the weight upon the shovel.
This Invention also relieves the person using the tool from the
necessity of stooping so low to lift it as he must with the ordinary
construction of tool.