Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1887
Complete Left, 7th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
We, EUGÈNE TREMSAL and ALPHONSE DICKTUS, Manufacturers, in care of Messrs.
Bede & Co. of 29 Rue Philippe-le-Bon, Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, to be as follows:-
:―
This invention relates to improvements in the process and apparatus for scouring
or washing wool. For this purpose a series of baths is constructed containing new
or improved mechanism as hereinafter described. Each bath is preferably composed of
two receptacles or troughs, one, for holding the liquid composing the bath being
generally placed below the other in which the wool is treated. The former may how-
ever be placed otherwise than under the latter trough. The liquid composing the
bath is caused to circulate in the troughs by being elevated from the lower receptacle
into the upper and allowed to flow along the said upper trough to an overflow at
the end from which it returns to the lower receptacle. The means for raising the
liquid may be a suction or other pump of ordinary construction but a centrifugal
pump is preferred. This may consist of a cylindrical casing immersed in the liquid
in the lower receptacle and enclosing a shaft provided with paddles.
openings are made in the casing for the admission of the liquid and also a peripheral
opening in communication with a pipe for the delivery of the liquid to the upper
receptacle.
Central
In order to quickly return to the upper trough any particles of wool which may be
carried over the overflow of the upper trough into the lower, a channel or passage is
made in the lower trough by which the said particles are drawn direct from under
the overflow to the elevator before mentioned and therefore are prevented from
scattering in the lower trough.
The channel may be made in any convenient form, the front end being made in
such a shape as best to suck in the particles of wool.
The channel may be formed of two walls guiding the current of water direct from
the extension of the lower trough under the before mentioned lip, to the elevator. If
the lower trough is not provided with a perforated false bottom then the channel is

page_text: provided with one. The communication between the extension of the lower trough
and the latter may also be narrowed by suitably arranged plates.
The same purpose may be attained by placing near the above mentioned extension
in the lower trough at runcated pyramid or cone, terminating below in a perforated
false bottom and open above. A pipe leading to the elevator, traverses the said
pyramid and is open towards the summit of the latter and nearly on a level with
the upper opening.
The liquid arriving on the extension of the lower trough, passes into the said
pyramid and partly through the perforated bottom on to the lower trough, while
the particles of wool are drawn by the suction of the elevator over the upper rim
of the pyramid onto the pipe to the elevator. The elevator may also be combined
with a funnel immersed wholly or partly in the liquid of the lower trough and
serving especially for the drawing in of the particles of wool..
The wool is fed into the end of the upper trough. Here it is delivered by a paddle
wheel to forwarding devices which carries it intermittently forward for a certain
distance with desired intervals.
These forwarding devices may consist of a series of transverse parallel rakes the
prongs of which depend into the liquid of the upper trough.
The above mentioned rakes rest loosely on ways along the sides of the upper
trough and parallel to said ways are arranged at the sides of the trough two
movable bars for moving said rakes. These bars are given a reciprocating horizontal
motion by means of cam or excentric motions or other suitable devices. The bars
have pivoted at intervals to them counterbalanced ratchet pawls adapted to abut
against the sides of the rakes and propel them forward during the forward move-
ment of the bars and during the rear movement of the said bars, be depressed by
the succeeding 'rakes so as to arrive behind the same for propelling these rakes
forward at the second forward movement of the shifting bars.
As each rake arrives at the last recess at the end of the trough it is seized by
two forks (actuated by suitable lever connections with the shifting bars) and lifted
vertically upward, thereby and deposited on a return track above the trough. The
return track is also provided with similar longitudinal shifting bars which as each
rake is deposited on the track shift it back along the track. As each rake arrives at
the end of the upper track it is deposited by the shifting bars onto an equivalent
pair of forks which descend and lower the rake into the trough where it is caught
by the shifting bars belonging thereto. Thus at each forward motion of the shifting
bars all rakes are moved forward one recess whilst the one at the forward end
of the trough is elevated onto the upper track and the first one on the latter
lowered into the place just vacated by the hindermost rake in the trough.
Suitable temporary supports may be arranged at the extremities of the ways
to support the rakes that have just been raised or lowered.
The rakes may also be given a certain amount of oscillation or even of backward
movement during their periods of rest.
This forwarding device may be replaced by one or more rakes actuated back
and forth by crank or other motion.
The course of the said rakes preferably ends at about 14 metres from the end
of the trough and there the rakes deliver the wool to a special rake having a
combined movement namely a reciprocal circular feed movement and a reciprocal
vertical movement. This rake delivers the wool to a couple of wheels each having
several rows of teeth those of the first meshing between those of the second. The
teeth are so shaped as to leave the water perpendicularly. The extremities of the
teeth are however slightly curved upward to better adapt them for lifting the wool.
The perforated false bottom of the trough is shaped to the various operating
devices therein.
The second wheel delivers the wool onto an endless revolving apron which carries
it to the second bath. This apron may be composed of metallic cloth formed of
interwoven spirals, afterwards crushed or flattened.
The last trough of the apparatus which serves as a rinsing bath is a simple trough

page_text: provided near the bottom with an outlet closed by a slide and having at its front end
an overflow closed by a flap.
One or more scoop or paddle-wheels are provided in this trough in front of the
overflow and serve to forward the wool over a sill onto an apron by which it is carried
to a press. The said paddle wheels are situated above the level of the water when
the flap is closed, and are lowered when the latter is opened.
This bath is prolonged in the form of a compartment over which the press is
situated, and which has a perforated false bottom under which is the opening which
communicates with an exterior portion of the bath having a regulating flap for
determining the level of the liquid in the compartment. The compartment is also
provided with an elevator as before described for causing the particles of wool from
the press to be returned to the rinsing bath.
A modification of the system consists in placing over the false bottom existing in
the rinsing bath a second perforated false bottom, the same being adapted to
rise when the flap of the bath is raised and so facilitate the emission of
the wool.
D
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أيم
1
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1000

page_text: therefor.
We EUGENE TREMSAL and ALPHONSE DICKTUS Manufacturers in care of Messieurs
E. Bede & Cie. 37 Rue Philippe le Bou, Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention consists in certain improvements in the process of and apparatus
for performing the various stages of the process of cleansing or scouring wool.
For this purpose we construct a series of troughs provided with the devices and
mechanism hereinafter described and illustrated in Figs. 1 to 22 of the accompanying
drawings.
These troughs are based on the principle of the Tremsal machines that is to say 'each
is formed of two receptacles, generally of a lower receptacle containing the liquor and
of an upper receptacle into which the liquor is raised by means of an elevating
apparatus and from which it subsequently flows down again into the lower trough thus
establishing a circulation of the liquor.
The elevating apparatus which we preferably employ is shown in Fig. 1 and
consists of a horizontal centrifugal pump immersed in the liquor in the lower
trough.
The action of the pump is caused by the four blades A A A A cast integral with the
nave B fixed on the shaft C and revolving in the direction indicated by an arrow. The
shaft revolves in the socket D.
The casing of the pump consists of a cylindrical portion E enclosed by a bottom
and a cover G.
The cover and the bottom have each in their centre a circular opening of about
140 for admission of water above and below the blade.
An outlet tube H one end of which is connected tangentially with the casing of the
pump carries the liquid into the upper trough. The extremity of this pipe has a
return valve. This apparatus works most efficiently when the cover is situated from
10 to 20% below the level of the liquid.
The following improvements have been made in the means for conducting the liquor
from the overflow towards the elevator B and their principal purpose is to return to
the upper bath most of the flocks of wool carried along with the froth produced in the
said liquid.
.
The various means which may be employed for attaining this purpose are as
follows.
The elevating apparatus shown in G Fig. 2ª has no fixed position it is placed where
it is least in the way and most easily actuated by the motor.
When the trough A A¹ is provided over its whole with a perforated false bottom D
(Fig. 2) we form by means of two lateral sheets H plain or perforated a channel

page_text: which guides the current from the inclined plane C₁ towards the elevating
apparatus G.
When the trough A A' is not provided with a perforated false bottom the channel is
formed of two latteral sheets and a perforated bottom.
The outer opening of the inclined plane CC₁ may be narrowed by arranging the
two sheets HH as shown in Fig. 3 screwed or rivetted on this plane. The bottom.
of such channel is made of perforated metal as may also be the sides. Also instead of
extending direct from the centre of the inclined plane to the elevating apparatus the
channel may
have the shape shown in Fig. 4 or it may be bounded by side walls H
shaped as shown in Fig. 5 or by walls H as shown by Fig. 6 or again as shown in
vertical section and plan by Figs. 7 to 7".
In the last mentioned modification the liquid passes into the trough A Fig. 7 by
the inclined plane CC. Against the opening through which it passes into the trough A
is a metal sheet L so placed as to leave a very narrow space between it and the
edge of the trough. Against this sheet on one side, the two sides of the trough and
the false perforated bottom M on the other side abut the respective edges of a quad-
rangular pyramid terminating above in an open prismatic part 0.
The liquid arriving through the free space between the plate L and the edge of the
trough may pass into the main portion of the trough through the perforated
bottom M. A pipe P passes from the elevating apparatus through one of the faces
of the pyramid into the part 0 so that the suction produced by the elevating
apparatus draws the flocks of wool in the pipe so that they pass with the liquid into
the upper trough.
In the arrangement shown by Figs. 8 and 8 the inclined plane is replaced by a
metal tray I. A pipe J carries the liquid along the sides of the lower trough towards
the elevating apparatus G.
We may also carry the liquid through the pipe J into a lateral trough K (Fig. 8)
which in this case replaces the lower trough A and in which the elevating apparatus
is placed.
Figs. 9 and 9 represent a very convenient mode of arranging the suction pipe of
the elevating apparatus and one that answers well in practice.
Figs. 10 and 10 show a flaring nozzle particularly adapted to favour the drawing
in of the flocks of wool.
There is no essential length of the horizontal part of these suction tubes required,
the length of such part may be the same as that of the trough.
In ordinary troughs the wool is carried along by the forks as far as the elevating
apparatus consisting of two or more movable forks which take the wool from the place
where the forwarding forks have left it and raise it on to the apron by which it is
carried to the cylinders of the press.
In our machine the wool is forwarded in a known manner at the entrance of the
trough. There a paddle wheel of the Tremsal system guides it towards a propeller
which after having caused it to advance for a certain length leaves it and after a
period of rest, the duration of which can be regulated acts again on it.
These propellers may be animated by an oscillating movement when at rest or by a
certain recoiling movement.
In our invention these propellers are formed of a series of transversal rakes
(Figs. 11 14 13. 14. 19 and 20) the teeth of which dip into the bath and which act
intermittently on the wool.
These rakes, the general construction of which is sufficiently shown in the drawings,
rest freely on two tracks fixed to the upper edges of the trough. On each side of the
said tracks and under the extremities of the shafts of the rakes, bars extend along
each side of the trough for operating in the hereafter described manner the transla-
tion of the transversal rakes.
Two translating bars exactly similar to the lower ones and having the same to and
fro movements extend along the two upper tracks D forming a return course for the rakes.
They are jointed to the lower translating bars by two systems of levers, oscillating
about their centres (Fig. 14º).
"

page_text: The shaft A passing transversely through a pipe in the bottom of the lower trough
(Fig. 17) carries an eccentric (Fig. 14) turning in the branches of a fork C¹ oscilla-
ting about a shaft D and integral with the arm E which extends up to the height of
the edge of the trough. The arm E is connected by a rod F to a wrist pin on one of
the translating bars and produces the to and fro motion required. Fig. 14ª shows
sufficiently the manner in which the lower translating bar imparts a simultaneous
reversed to and fro movement to the upper translating bar. Each translating bar
carries counter balanced fingers (Fig. 13) capable of oscillating about their axes and
so constructed that the part is constantly elevated during the forward travel of the
translating bar B so that the rakes are pushed in the same direction, while during
the rearward movement of the bar this part 1 of the latch is depressed, abutting
against the following rake and passes under the latter subsequently rising again as
soon as this passage is effected and propelling the said rake when the translating bar
moves forward again.
This arrangement allows the rakes to remain stationary during a certain period so
that they cease to act on the wool and the latter is thus left at rest during this
time.
Each rake on arrival at the extremity of its course is raised on to the return course D.
This raising movement is produced at once by the mechanism represented in Figs. 15
and 16 or modified as in Figs. 17 and 18.
On the shaft A passing below the falso bottom is placed on each side of the
trough a cam H¹ for effecting the descent of the rakes. Against the cams abut the
rollers K K fixed on the rods L L' connected respectively to the bell crank levers I
and I which are connected by the rods M M to the lifts J Ji corresponding to the rakes
and destined to raise or lower them respectively.
As long as the rollers are in contact with the concentric parts of the cams, the
system of levers and rods is at rest but as soon as the eccentric part of the cam
comes in contact with the roller it acts on the rod L and on the lever I which forces
the rods M to rise with the lifts carrying the rake. These parts are so calculated that
the course or elevation of the lifts J corresponds to the distance existing between the
tracks C and D. The lift J is at rest until the translating bar has carried a rake on
to the same; the upward movement of the lift then commences and continues until the
rake rests on the return course D. While a lift J raises a rake on one side of the
machine by aid of the cam H the lift J on the other side of the machine descends
moved by the cam H¹ and lowers the rake which has traversed the length of the upper
course D.
For the descent the movement is arrested after the lifts have deposed or lowered the
rake on the corner C of the upper trough and continued to a slightly lower stage to
allow the translating bar to push the rake out of reach of the lift
For the purpose of maintaining the rods L L in their horizontal position I provide
the same at their extremity with a fork the arms of which pass about the shaft A
serving as their support.
The rods L and L' are attached respectively by one of their extremities to the
small arms of the levers II' which oscillate on rigid wrist pins. But the end of the rod
carrying the roller K or K₁ must also be supported; for this purpose the fork is
provided which terminates the rod and embraces the shaft A. Between the branches
of the fork and the shaft A is placed a sleeve to avoid the wear of the shaft.
The rods L L' therefore advance and recede substantially in a horizontal line under
the action of the cams.
The relative position of the cams on the shaft A is determined by the moments at
which the movements of the lifts J J' are to be produced.
The cams may be replaced by cranks Figs. 17 and 18 carrying wrist pins connected
by the rods L L to the levers I I. The shaft A gives in this case the rotary motion
to the cranks B B' by means of the spur wheels A A A.
To prevent the rake raised by the lift J to the height of the return course D from
impeding the movement of the translating bar of the latter and to maintain such rake
at the same time at the desired height, an arrangement may be adopted (Fig. 19)

page_text: consisting of a safety latch pivoted outside to the track passed by the rake. As the
latter, on its ascending movement, meets the latch it pushes the same back but as soon
as it has arrived at its highest point, the latch falls back by its own weight and bears
against the upper return course. The rake is then maintained and carried by the
upper extremity of the latch and a counterpoised hook secured to the translating bar
takes it along up to the first rest that is to say until the first rearward movement of
the translating bar after which the rake is pushed by a latch identical to that
described above and represented by Fig. 13.
To operate the descent of the rakes, the arrangement represented in Fig. 23 is
adopted.
The translating bar of the return course I pushes each rake successively onto the
upper extremities, a support of two movable angle levers o o' (one on each sido of
the machine) forming a temporary support.
These levers caused by a spiral or other spring or weight to move away from the
translating bar of the return course are provided with projections corresponding to the
hooks P which hold the levers o o' against the translating bar as long as the latter
has a horizontal forward movement.
The lifts J (one on each side of the machine) receive the rake as mentioned above
when it arrives at the extremity of the upper course D.
The ascending movements of these lifts is intentionally so calculated that the rake
shall be lifted, rising above the level of the upper return course and thus raise the
latches P so that the levers o o' are disengaged.
These levers influenced by the spiral springs or other means oscillate consequently
about their axes.
Their upper part is sufficiently removed to leave the downward
course free to the rake descending with the lifts J J. Their lower extremities
however are approached to the translating bar of the lower track in such a manner
that before the lifts J deposit the rake in its place they strike and deflect the lower
arms of the levers so as to cause the latter to oscillate in the opposite direction for
returning their uppermost arms under the hooks P the weight of which suffices to
maintain the levers in contact with the translating bar to allow the abovedescribed
procession of movements to again take place. At a distance of about one and a half
meters from the outlet or overflow and we fill up this space otherwise left empty with
two wheels RR provided with teeth B (preferably analagous to those illustrated in
the specification of Letters Patent No. 9495 of 1884) of a particular shape, and a
movable rake C as shown in Figs. 11 and 12.
The perforated false bottom which is level under the rakes continues under the
swinging rake Cand issue wheels R R and conforms to the shape thereof corre-
sponding also to the course of the movable rake C. The wheels are furnished on their
peripheries with 18 ranges of teeth leaving between them the space necessary for
allowing the teeth of the contiguous wheel to pass. Each tooth is so shaped that for
a greater part of its length, each portion as it leaves the water is perpendicular to the
surface of the water. The extremity only of the tooth approaches a radial direction
of, for a length of about 3 to 4 %m; this radial portion has for its purpose to lift the
wool.
The swinging rake C is constructed as follows
On the shaft (B Figs. 11 and 12) to which the rake is fixed is attached a long thin
lever C passing between two guide pins d d fixed to a horizontal rod e which rests on
two pins secured to the extremities of two levers g g' oscillating about the
centres hh.
One of these levers is elongated and carries at one extremity a roller engaging into
the groove of a cam secured to the shaft A which passes through a tube transversely
arranged in the bottom of the lower trough. Thus a reciprocal swinging movement
is imparted to the teeth of the rake. The required up and down movement of the
rake is produced by fixing the bearing of the shaft B to the lift J described above
relative to Figs. 13 and 14 for operating the lifting of the rakes. Said movement
may also be produced independently of the rakes by means of a second cam Fig. 12"
fixed on the shaft A which moves the roller K' pivoted on the rod L² attached to the

page_text: shorter arm of the two armed lever I, the longer arm of this lever is attached to
the shaft B of the rake by the rod M2, the shaft B slides between the pillars X
secured to the corner of the upper trough.
It is understood that the lever C in its up and down movement can freely slide
hetween the pins d d but it must follow the horizontal movement of the bar e and
consequently produce the to and fro movement which is necessary to the rake.
The above described wheels R R¹ may be replaced by a series of two or more of these
rakes.
The last trough of the machine in which the rinsing takes place, is a simple trough
(Fig. 21) provided near its bottom with a water outlet which is so arranged that the
level of the water in the trough can be varied and the outflow of the water interrupted
at pleasure while on an opposite side a sliding sluice J is arranged having an up and
down movement. Before this sluice one or more tooth wheels are placed serving
to divide the wool and let it flow through a sill F on an apron G which carries it to the
press H. The tooth wheels are situated above the level of the water as long as the
sluice valve is closed and descend into the water when said valve is opened.
The rinsing trough is elongated to form a compartment over which the compres-
sing cylinders of the press are arranged, said compartment having a perforated false
bottom under which an opening is provided which allows the water to flow into an
outer casing containing the regulating valve for the level of the water to be obtained
in the compartment A. A lateral opening of the compartment A may communicate
with an elevating apparatus for returning into the rinsing trough the rolls of wool
which the apron or the presses have let fall into the supplementary compartment A¹
which may
be applied to all machines for washing, scouring or cleansing wool
A modification of this rinsing system consists in employing above tho perforated
false boitom in the rinsing troughs a second hinged false bottom which remains on
the first bottom as long as the outlet J is closed but by the action of a suitable
mechanism commences to move upward when the outlet valve begins to open. This
second movable false bottom thus constitutes an inclined plane facilitating the issue of
the wool from the trough (Fig. 22).
(Fig. 21).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The combination with two troughs at different levels of a horizontal centrifugal
pump in the lower trough adapted to raise the liquid into the upper trough
substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of two troughs at different levels, a liquid elevating apparatus
in the lower trough, an overflow from the upper trough with a channel from
said overflow to said elevating apparatus substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
3. The combination of two troughs at different levels, an overflow from the upper
trough, a tray CC below said overflow, pyramid with false bottom M suction pipe P
and elevating apparatus G substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with an upper trough having an overflow a tray I below said
overflow pipe J and lateral or under trough having elevator G substantially as set
forth and illustrated in Figs. 8. 8" Sb.
5. The combination in a trough of a series of rakes adapted to intermittently
forward the wool along the trough to a desired distance from the outlet a movable
rake Chaving movement as set forth, means for suspending said rake Cand wheels R R¹
substantially as set forth.
6. The process consisting in causing the wool to advance in the baths with a slow
and intermittent movement so that after having advanced for a determined length it is
abandoned by its propeller which acts again on it after an interval of rest adjustable
in duration.

page_text: 7. The combination with a series of rakes of translating bars having oscillating
counter poised fingers substantially as set forth..
8. The combination of a trough and return track D a series of rakes and means
substantially as herein described and illustrated for operating and for raising and
lowering the rakes in the manner set forth.
9. The combination with a track D of a pivoted support for temporary holding of
a radial rake and translating bars having hooks substantially as set forth and illustrated
in Fig. 19.
10. The combination of the levers o o' and hooks P substantially as set forth and
illustrated in Fig. 20.
11. In combination with the last trough of the described machines, a sliding sluice J,
toothed wheels B and compartment below said sluice and under the compressing
cylinders substantially as described and illustrated.
12. The combination in a trough of a stationary perforated false bottom with a
movable perforated false bottom hinged so that it may be raised to form an inclined
plane facilitating the egress of the wool substantially as illustrated and described.
1 1000
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London,
Agents to Applicants.