Improvements in Turning Lathes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1892-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turning Lathes.
We JAMES MCHARDY of Fairfax House Chiswick, Scientific Expert and
WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND of East Molesey Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention, which relates to improvements in turning lathes, may be carried
into practice somewhat as follows.
Instead of making separate heads and driving wheel-supports, as usual, a single
piece of material may be used to form the head and carry the bearings of the
driving wheel as also a foot treadle or any other necessary part.
It is our intention to use wood, but any suitable material may be employed.
The bearings of the mandrel or any other bearings necessary, will form a leading
feature in this invention.
Such bearings may consist of compound cones, so adapted to each other, and to
the rigid parts into which they are introduced, as to be always readily adjusted so
long as the material lasts. The bearings of the mandrel (for example) may be
produced as follows. A mandrel is prepared, having upon it adjusting cones, the
head with conical apertures corresponding to the cones, but of greater dimensions,
and provided with grooves or key-ways. A prepared metalic core corresponding
exactly to the shape and dimensions of the mandrel, especially in the conical
bearing parts, may be adjusted in the said head. This will leave a space at each
end which may be filled with white metal by casting, and when the metalic core is
withdrawn, the bearings of white metal will be ready to receive the mandrel: thus
producing compound cones, all adjusting themselves to their respective positions,
and influenced by the single adjustment of one of the mandrel-cones. The said
cone-bearings, thus forming a male adjustment in the head and a female adjustment.
as to the conical mandrel, may be made, in the manner aforesaid, of any suitable
material cast in the head, or they may be cast independently and placed in
position.
In the first instance the metal will run into the hereinbefore mentioned groove
or key-way and form its own key to prevent revolution, whereas, prepared cone-
bearings of this description (i.e. being conical both outside and inside) will require
to be cast or stamped with a feather (or its equivalent) upon them.
The lathe, as manufactured under these improvements will be produced, as
follows, according to price.
The simplest form will consist of a suitable upright capable of forming the head
of the lathe, and at the same time carrying a driving wheel, for hand power above
or below the head whilst to this is permanently fixed a suitable bed at right
angles to it, and also a cramp or cramps capable of fixing the lathe to a bench
or table.
The second form will be in all respects similar, excepting that the upright shall
be of sufficient length to reach the floor (to which it may be attached) and shall be
capable of carrying a driving wheel and a treadle.
The third form of the lathe will consist of the aforesaid parts without the special
gear, made so as to be actuated like a bicycle or tricycle, if, for instance, a crank
bracket be formed in the lower extremity of the single upright, hereinbefore
described, the driving of the cranks may be transmitted to a small but heavy fly
wheel, between the floor, and the lathe mandrel, (or in any convenient position) and
such speed being transferred to the said small fly wheel as to give it the required
momentum, it will result that a good turning motion may be transmitted from the
ly wheel to the mandrel.

page_text: In constructing a back centre principally in wood, we may by boring and
threading the part (vertically) provide simultaneously for the fixing of the centre
by means of a pinch-screw above, and for the fixing of the said back centre-piece
to the bed of the lathe from below, by the addition of necessary parts such as
adjusting cramps, duplicate uprights cross pieces &c. it is manifest that under these
improvements very cheap and serviceable lathes may be made to suit circumstances,
especially in connection with technical education.
Dated this 9th day of October 1891.
JAMES MCHARDY.
WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND.
JAMES MCHARDY.
WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND.
Witness to the signature of James M Hardy-
A. MCHARDY, Fairfax House, Chiswick.
Witness to the signature of Walker George de Forgés Garland-
FRED COOPER, Clerk to Thos. Andrews & Son,
Bridge Road, East Molesey.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turning Lathes.
We JAMES MCHARDY of Fairfax House Chiswick, Middlesex Scientific Expert
and WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND of East Molesey Surrey Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
A single piece of material is used to form the head and carry all necessary
parts.
The bearings for the mandrel or any other parts will, if necessary, consist of
compound cones so adapted to each other and to the parts into which they are
introduced as to be always readily adjusted. The mandrel or spindle is provided
with a cone or cones adapted to run in bearings which besides being conical inside
fit likewise into conical apertures in the single piece of material above described.
In short we produce compound cones all fitting into their respective positions and
all influenced by a single adjusting cone.
The single piece of material may extend upwards to carry a hand driving wheel
or downwards to carry either a hand or foot drive as well as all necessary parts
together with such cramps as render it capable of being readily attached to a table
or bench. If the said single piece of material be of sufficient length we can attach
such convenient parts as shall render it possible to drive the lathe after the manner
of a bicycle, in which case the fly wheel shall have a spindle and bearing such as
shall make it practically an intermediate or transmitting wheel and axle between
the driving wheel and the mandrel.
The poppet head or back centre is bored vertically. A suitable screwed
piece with a nut is inserted from below which serves to fix down the poppet
head this bolt becomes a fixture. A loose bolt-(of wood or otherwise) with
a hand nut is inserted above and the hole for the centre is bored transversely
in a line with the lathe-mandrel. The centre passing through this transverse hole
traverses the poppet head and the bolt together, so that if the top nut be tightened
the centre is jammed in its place for work.
Fig. 1. The lathe in its simplest form.
a. b. Single upright piece capable of carrying all the parts.
-The mandrel.
J
TIL

page_text: (threaded or plain)-through which the said centre, e, is passed. (On tightening f,
è is retained in position.)
9-Bolt for fixing down the poppet-head as hereinbefore described.
-Driving wheel for hand-power.
m-
-Handle for driving.
y-Pulley on mandrel actuated by m in the usual manner.
-
-The cramp for fixing the lathe to a table or bench-all as herein described.
Fig. II. The foot-driving lathe, which may also be driven by cranks and treadles
like a bicycle if such parts be substituted for the common treadle.
a b-The said single piece of material capable of carrying all the parts and with
such cramps as render it easy of adjustment to a table or bench.
c-The mandrel as in Fig. I.
d-The poppet-head.
e-The back-centre.
-A bolt as in Fig. I.
9-A bolt as in Fig. I.
m-The driving wheel.
n-Driving stud upon m.
t-A connecting rod.
s-A treadle.
y-Pulley on mandrel actuated by
y-a pulley upon the same spindle as
w-the fly-wheel and
y³-
-a pulley actuated by m.
Fig. III. Side plan of part of Fig. II., showing a cramp for attaching.
Fig. IV. A section of the compound cone bearing in which
aa- -The bearing as inserted.
bb The sloping adjusting surface.
C- -The cone upon the spindle.
If a a be inserted, as described, in an aperture to fit it; and, if c be tightened in,
the direction of the arrow-point, all of the parts will be tightened in their respective
places.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is;
1. That construction of the lathe by which we are enabled to attach all neces-
sary parts to a single piece of material which in turn may be readily attached to a
bench or table.
2. The conical bearings seated in conical beds, particularly as herein set forth.
3. The attachment of such lathes to tables or, benches by means of cramps.
4. The application of a fly wheel, intermediate, between the driving wheel and
the mandrel of a lathe.
5. The bicycle-drive as applied to such lathes.
6. The poppet head as particularly herein described.
Dated this 9th day of July 1892.
JAMES MÜHARDY.
WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND.