IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS, FURNACES, AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, HEATING FLUIDS, GASES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, FOR OBTAINING Manion DAWER ADOLVING HEAT "
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in
the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS, FURNACES, AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING
STEAM, HEATING FLUIDS, GASES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, FOR OBTAINING
Manion DAWER
ADOLVING HEAT "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1873.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of Grove House, Dewsbury, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOLLERS, STEAM GENERATORS, FURNACES, AND APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING STEAM, HEATING FLUIDS, GASES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, FOR
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND APPLYING HEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements has for its object to obtain a more
economical motive power by means of steam, heated air, or a mixture of

page_text: steam and heated air; also raising the temperature of liquids, vapours,
or gases in steam boilers, preventing smoke, and economising fuel by
the arrangement and apparatus connected with the same.
This my Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement
of causing the heated products of combustion to pass through the flues
of steam boilers, also through or around the tubes or pipes of steam
boilers or steam generators while under pressure, and such being
retained under pressure for generating steam and then giving out tho
heat and force in working an air engine, or expend its force and pressure
in union with steam to work an engine or raise the temperature of
liquid, fluids, or vapours as named in my Specification dated December
28th, 1872, No. 3938.
The furnaces of steam boilers or steam generators are so made and
arranged to be made up air-tight, but I place at the front end of the
boiler or steam generator a feeding hopper in which I place coal or fuel to
last for several hours, and I make the top of the hopper air-tight with a
door lid and screws. In the furnace I place fire, gas, naptha, mineral
or vegetable oils, and when lighted a free circulation of air is allowed to
pass through the boiler or boilers or through or around the tubes or
pipes of steam boilers or steam generators, and the heated products of
combustion escapes through the valve fixed at the back end of the
boiler or steam generator, or at any other convenient place of a boiler
or steam generator. The escape valves at the back end of the boiler
may be enclosed in a chamber or pipe to allow the heated products of
combustion to be conveyed to an air engine after it has left the flues or
Lubes of a steam boiler or steam generator; or a pipe conducting the
heated air and products of combustion may be taken direct from the
flue and mixed with cold air previous to passing through an air engine,
or the heated air and products of combustion may be cooled down by
passing from one boiler to another, or by means of pipes passing through
water so as not to overheat an air engine by burning away the packing,
or the heated air and products of combustion are combined with steam
after the steam leaves the boiler, and the heated air and products of
combustion the flue or tubes so mixed they are passed through the
cylinders or cylinder of a steam cr steam and air engine, or the
heated air may be applied to rotary motion or for heating or drying
purposes.

page_text: The pressure and power to accomplish these results are produced by
making up air-tight the ash pit and furnace door, and forcing in air
under the grate bars by means of an air pump or air blowing or pumping
engine or worked by any suitable means to support combustion; the
escape valves at the end of the flues, tubes, or heated air passages are
weighted, so that any required pressure is maintained in the flues, tubes,
pipes, or heated air passages of steam boilers or steam generators,
causing a pressure within or around the tubes or pipes of steam
generators to have a tendency to strengthen the boiler tubes and
prevent collapse in the flues, tubes, or pipes; or the steam generated in
the steam boiler is conveyed to a steam engine, and the heated air and
products of combustion to an air engine.
I also place pipes within the furnace and through the boiler flues or
tubes, to which pipes are connected to a high-pressure steam boiler, and
the steam which is superheated is made to pass in at the front end of
the boiler and out at the back after having passed backwards and
forwards within the boiler, or such may be continued through other
boilers; and I pour into the flues, tubes, or pipes of the steam boiler or
steam generator through a valve bisulphide of carbon the required
quantity. I then close the valve in the pipe, and weight the escape
valve at the back of the boiler or steam generator. I then open the
valve in the pipe leading to the high-pressure steam boiler, and instantly
the high-pressure superlicated steam rushes through the pipes and
raises the temperature of the bisulphide of carbon which at once takes
up the heat and gives it out to the water in the boiler, so in this
manner I raise steam for engine and other purposes. Or instead of water
being in the boiler or steam generator I pump in air and heat the air
as I heat the water to raise the steam by the use of bisulphide of carbon,
so that the air expends to work a hot-air engine under high pressure.
I have named bisulphide of carbon on account of its cheapness, but
either ether, aldehyde, alcohol, cloroform, essences of benzine or
benzole, or other liquids, fluids, vapours, or gasses confined in a steam or
air boiler or vessel, pressure guages are fixed to see to the correct
working in all the parts, or in case any escape of the bisulphide of
carbon through the back valve it is conducted by a pipe passing
through cold water to an air-tight vessel; it is then collected for
reuse.

page_text: Or I pump in air to the flues, tubes, or pipes when water is in the
boiler, and heat the same by products of combustion passing through a
pipe or pipes,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill' in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILI., of Grove House, Dewsbury, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto , the said George Rydill, Her special
licence, that I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS, FURNACES, AND APPARATUS FOR Generating
STEAM, HEATING FLUIDS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER FOR APPLYING HEAT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Rydill, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inyen,
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declarc
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement:—

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
a high pressure steam boiler or boilers as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7, adapted for marine and land purposes, also to enable steam
boilers made on this principle to be worked with safety at from 100
to 300 lbs. pressure on the square inch, according to the material and
strength used in making the same, and to save from 20 to 30 per cent. of
the coal now consumed.
One very important principle this boiler or boilers possesses is its
immense strength, and great heating surface, being so constructed that
the whole of the heated products of combustion are retained within
the boiler tubes from one boiler to another, as shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, so that the products of combustion are not allowed
to leave the boiler tube or tubes, until they have passed through the
entire set of boiler tubes which boilers and tubes may be made to any
required length and height.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 arc shown as cased in and closed at the front
of the boilers with doors, also an air tube is placed under the boiler or
boilers to conduct air to the furnace, or made use of to ventilate tho
stoke holc.
This boiler or boilers being constructed on mechanical principles, as
further shown in Figures 6 and 7, I first raise steam in the boiler or
boilers by the heated products of combustion for working a steam
engine and for other purposes, and then make use of the heated products
of combustion after they have passed through the boiler or boiler tubes
for obtaining motive power, either by itself or in combination with steami,
also using the heated products of combustion or heated air, which is
free from smoke, for warming factories, boiling water, or for drying
purposes, and this is wholly obtained and carried out by first reducing
the temperature of the heated products of combustion by causing them to
pass through one set of boiler tubes to another, so that the quick steam
raising heat is abstracted, and as the products of combustion when con-
sumed under pressure are free from smoke, I make use of the same either
by themselves when sufficiently reduced in temperature or in conjunction
with steam to work an engine or engines, which I accomplish by placing
a furnace at the front end of the boiler or boilors to which is fixed a
self-acting feeding hopper made up air-tight, and the hopper is capable
of holding coal to last say for six or more hours.

page_text: The boiler tube or tubes' ends are made up air-tight with moveable
doors for access when requisite. The hopper lid and the fire-hole door
are made up air-tight, also the ash-pit door and the valves in the tube
leading to the chimney are closed and weighted, and air is pumped in
under pressure into the ash box of the fire by an air pump or air cylinder
or blowing engine in sufficient quantitios into an air receiver or store
and then conducted into the ash box to the fire in auy required quantity
to cause complete combustion of the fuel. The air so forced in under
pressure expands in passing through the fire in the boiler tube or tubes
which answers the purpose of an air vessel, as a store for working an
air engine, or for heating, boiling, or drying purposes, and the whole of
the heated air and products of combustion from the fire are passed from
one boiler tube to another until it reaches the chamber tube and then
passes through valves into the chamber on leaving the boiler tubes on
their way to work an engine, so that the products of combustion are
mixed with steam in the chamber by means of a steam pipe leading from
the steam boiler into the chamber, or the chamber contains water sur-
rounding a tube or tubes which conducts the heated products of combus-
tion from the steam boiler to the chamber or chambers, so that the greater
distance it travels the more it becomes reduced in temperature. The
divisions of metal placed in the chamber or chambers are to cause the
heated products of combustion to be more thoroughly brought in contact
with the water in the chamber or chambers, so that the heated products
of combustion raise steam in the chamber or chamber by being brought
in contact with the water, and the steam becoming superheated acts upon
the water in the chambers, and an increased quantity of steam is thereby
raised, and the temperature of the heated products of combustion are so
reduced that no danger exists in the working arrangements so that proper
lubrication is given to all the working parts of the engine or engines, the
whole of which are accomplished by the manner in which the boiler or
boilers are constructed and the mechanical arrangements connected with
the same, so that steam is raised in the chambers by the products of com-
bustion which now pass up the chimney at a temperature from 600 to
1,000 degrees and are wasted, and the steam raised in the chamber will
be at about one fiftieth the cost of power employed to pump or force
the air to the furnace causing the engine when working to be the only
way of escape for the heated air and steam combined from the chamber
or chambers when the valves leading to the chimney are closed, and when
once the heated products of combustion enter into the chamber through

page_text: the valves which open upwards they are prevented from returning into .
the boiler tube or tubes.
It is very important that mechanical firing should be employed at sca
as well as on land, as the stoke-holc in steam ships in hot climates
stand at a high temperature and the feed rollers attached to the hopper
containing the fuel are worked by cog wheels or a worm screw working
on the outside of the hopper at a slow rate of speed, which rollers arc
fluted when the coal requires to be broken from large lumps into small,
so that little attention from the stoker to the furnace is needed while the
hopper remains charged with fuel.
I name coal as fuel in working out this Invention, but either gas,
naptha, mineral, or vegetable oils may be consumed in the furnace end
of the boiler, and when lighted a free circulation of air is allowed to
pass through or around the tubes or pipes of the steam boiler or boilers,
and the heated products escape through the valves to the chimney until
a sufficient heat is raised in the furnace to work the steam engine or the
steam and air engine, then the valves are closed.
In Figure 5 a dotted line is shown near the top of the hopper, so that
in case the fuel is not consumed under pressure the hopper top may be
open to the atmosphere, and for convenience of space those sectional
boilers of Figure 1, 5, 6, and 7 are shown to stand one over another,
but these boilers may be made to stand side by side as convenience
require, and the steam generated in these boilers is conveyed to a steam
engine, and the heated air and products of combustion are taken direct
from the boiler tube or tubes to an air engine, after being sufficiently
cooled by mixing the heated products of combustion with cold air under
pressure.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, in order to show clearly
how the boiler or boilers are constructed and worked, and for that
purpose refer to the Drawings and figures in the accompanying Sheet.
The same letters of reference do not indicate the corresponding parts of
the Figures.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of one construction and arrangement of
the steam boiler or boilers or generators constructed in accordance with
one modification of my said Invention, and sufficient to show and describe
its nature and novelties or the principle application and working thereof,

page_text: and the essential construction and arrangement of the part of the
steam boiler or boilers for performing the said purposes and retaining
the heat and saving fuel in the boilers or steam generators. Figure 1,
letters A, A, A, show the steam boilers and their position and the
manner in which they may be fixed together and worked; letter B marks 5
out the steam chest, so that one or all the boilers may be attached and
thrown in connection with it; E, E, E, shows the water tubes which
connects one boiler with the other causing a free circulation of the
water; I, I, shows the metal casing round the boilers, and K is the
safety valve on the top of steam chest; L, L, are two doors showing how 1
the front of the boilers may be closed in; M, M, is a hollow air tube to
convey the heated air raised by the heat of the boilers to the top side
of the fire as shown in Figure 2; N is a metal plate for the doors to
rest against and hang from; O, the furnace door, an air tube is shown
under the boiler for conducting air to the fires, or ventilating the stoke 1
hole.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of Figure 1; A, A, A, shows tho
sectional steam boilers; B, the steam chest; C, steam pipe with valve
connecting the steam boiler with the steam chest; D, D, D, shows the
interior of the tubes of Figure 1; E, E, are the water tubes; F, the 20
fire grate; G, the escape tube into the chimney from the top boiler tube;
H is the damper; I, I, the metal casing round the boilers; P shows
the flue leading to the chimney.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of Figure 1; A, A, A, are the boilers; B,
the steam chost; C, steam pipe connecting steam boiler and steam chest; 2
E, E, E, the water tubes; I, I, the metal casing; M, air tube to supply
the fire with warm air from amongst the boilers; N, metal plate for the
doors to hang from; O, the furnace door; P, the chimney flue.
Figure 4 is a plan showing the top of the boilers A, A, A, and B the
steam chest, and P, P, the collecting flue from the boilers, and to cach 3
boiler tube is fitted a tight fitting door to retain the heat from one boiler
to another.
Figure 5 is much the same kind of boiler as Figure 1, except that it
contains longitudinal tubes. A fire-box and a foed-water boiler and
sediment collector.
A represents the fire-box end of the tube sectional boiler; B, the ash
box; C, the fire-grate; D, the air tube in the ash box; E, the fire-hole
3

page_text: door; F, the ash-pit door; G, the hopper containing the fuel to be
supplied to the fire; H, H, the feed rollers which move round slowly to
cause the fire to be properly fed; I, hopper lid; K, K, K, the scotional
boiler; L, L, are the water tubes connecting one boiler with another;
M, M, M, the boiler tubes; N, feed water boiler and sediment collector;
O, the steam valve; P, the steam chest; Q, the water glass and steam
gauge; R, R, R, doors which make up the boiler tubes; S, damper to
chimney. The feed-water pipe and blow-off pipe arc shewn attached to
the feed-water boiler and sediment collector, and an air tube is shown
to come down in front of the furnace.
Figure 6 represents a boiler in sectional parts to which are connected
two chambers, and the sectional boiler is worked under pressure and
the products of combustion used for obtaining motive power.
A shows the furnace end of the boiler; B, the ash box; C, the fire-
grate; D, air tube to supply the fire with air under pressure by means
of an air pump or blowing engine; E, the fire-hole door which is made
up air-tight; F, the ash-pit door which is also made up air-tight; G, tho
hopper containing fuel consumed under pressure; H, H, feed rollers;
I, hopper lid; K, K, K, represents the sectional steam boiler; L, L,
shows the water tubes connecting one boiler with another; M, M, M, the
boiler tubes; letter N, points out the chamber tube; O, are valves which
lift up so that the products of combustion can enter into the chamber ;.
P, No. 1, is the first chamber containing 'vater with metal divisions,
also the second chamber marked Q, Q, Q, so as to cause the products
of combustion to be brought in contact with the water to cool down the
products of combustion and raise steam; R is the tube leading from one
chamber to another so as to further cool down the heated products if
required; S is the man-hole door to get to the valves in P, No. 1
chamber; T, the bracket to support the top chamber; U is the safety
valve which leads to the chimney to regulate the pressure in the fire
boiler tubes and chambers; V, V, are the safety valves; W, W, W, W,
are the steam valves of the steam boilers and chambers; X, the steam
chest; Y, Y, shows the doors for making up the boiler tubes air-tight so
as to retain pressure in the tubes; Z is the chimney, and the feed water
and blow-off pipes are also shown, and the steam gauge and water glass.
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a steam boiler working under
pressure with one chamber, and the products of combustion made use
of for obtaining motive power or for other purposes.

page_text: A shows the furnace end of the boiler; B, the ash box; C, the fire-
grate; D, the air tube to supply the fire with air forced in under
pressure; E, the fire-hole door; F, the ash-pit door; G, the hopper
containing fucl; H, H, feed rollers; I, the hopper lid; K, K, K, show
the position of sectional boilers; L, L, are the water tubes connecting one i
boiler with another; M, M, M, the boiler tubes; N, the chamber con-
taining water so that steam is raised by the products of combustion;
O are the valves which lift up into chamber N, and P, P, the divisions in
the chamber; Q, the man-hole to the chamber; R is a tube leading from
the flue to the valves $ leading to the chimney; T is the feed-water boiler 1
and sediment collector; U, U, are the safety valves at the top of steam
boiler and chamber; and V is the hot-air valve, so that the products of
combustion can be taken direct from the tubes if desired, and mixed
with steam or air; W, W, W, are the steam and air valves; X, the
steam chest; Y, Y, arc doors to the sectional steam boiler; Z, the 1
chimney. Figure 7 being almost in every respect like Figure 6, which
is fully described in the Specification.
As a largo amount of superheated steam will be raised in working out
this Invention, I cause the tube or tubes of a steam boiler or boilers to
be made up air-tight after any required length of piping has been laid 2
within the tube or tubes of a steam boiler in form, so that for instance
a pipe or pipes is or are coiled in the tube or tubes of the boiler, having
one inlet in the pipe and one outlet at the back, or any other part of
the tube or tubes, so that the pipe is enclosed in the tube or tubes, which
are made air-tight. This boiler may contain water or any other liquids 2
or fluids and I pour into the tube or tubes through a valve bisulphide
of carbon on account of its cheapness, but either ether, aldchoydc,
alcohol, chloroform, essence of benzine, or benzole. An escape valve
for safety only is fixed at the back leading to an air-tight chamber, so
that any escape of the bisulphide of carbon escaping becomes condensed 3
and is pumped into the tube or tubes for re-use, so that the superheated
steam rushes through the coiled pipe or pipes, or the pipes may pass
backwards and forwards in any form which raises the temperature
of the bisulphide of carbon, which gives out its heat to the sides of the
boiler tubes and heats water or air or any other liquids or fluids for 3
obtaining motive power placed in the boiler, and such may be worked
by any of the excess of temperature or spare hent from the tubes or
chambers working under pressure, and as the superheated steam rushes

page_text: through the pipes so confined within the tube the bisulphide of carbon
takes up the heat passing through the pipes and gives it out to the
liquids or fluids placed in the boiler, for instance, air which when
pumped in cold expands and works an air or steam engine.
The heat generated in the common furnace may be taken at 3,000
degrees, and the waste heat going into the chimney at from 600 to
1,000 degrees, should this my Invention turn the waste products of
combustion to useful advantage for obtaining motive power on land and
sea, also for the working of locomotives, such becomes a perfect fuel
saver and smoke consumer.
The benefits to be derived by steam shipowners by the use of this
sectional boiler are especially great as any one or more of the sectional
boilers of a set can be taken out for the purposes of examination and
repairs without the least interference of the working arrangements of
the other boilers; all that is required is to close the feed-water valve
and the steam valve connecting the boiler with the steam chest, so that
the steam vessel need not be laid up for repairs of boilers as is frequently
the case with large boilers containing a number of furnaces in onc
boiler, and in a few hours a boiler can be taken out or replaced and the
vessel kept on her course.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and par
ticularized the same so that the principal features of novelty will be
readily understood by others so as to enable them to carry my improve-
ments into effect, I would observe that I do not confine myself to the
precise details herein described, as they may be varied to a considerable
extent in form without departing from the principal features of the
Invention for saving fuel and obtaining motive-power; but what I claim
as new and novel are the means and appliances arranged, combined, and
operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
First. Constructing a boiler or boilers with an internal furnace, and
retaining the heated products of combustion within the tubes from one
boiler tube to another boiler tube, so that the heat is retained through
and within any required number of boilers, and baving the tube or tubes
in passing from one boiler tube to another surrounded by water.
Second. The novel mode or methods of first raising steam in the
boiler or boilers by the heated products of combustion for motive-power
or other purposes, and then utilizing the heated products of combustion

page_text: after they have passed through the boiler or boiler tubes for obtaining
motivo power either by itself or in conjunction with steam by passing
from the boiler tubes into a chamber, as fully described in this Speci-
fication.
Third. Also taking direct from the tube or tubes through a valve the 5
heated products of combustion or heated air, which is free from smoke,
for obtaining motive-power for warming factorics, boiling water, drying
or other purposes.
Fourth. A furnace fixed at the end or to a sectional boiler or boilers
to be worked under pressure or otherwise connected, to which is a 1
feeding hopper for containing fuel, which fire is fed by two fluted rollers
revolving at a slow rate of speed.
Fifth. Also a chamber or chambers into which runs a tube or pipe
surrounded by water and attached to the tube or pipe are valves opening
into the chamber to allow the heated products of combustion to pass 1
into the chamber or chambers.
Sixth. Consuming gas, naptha, mineral, or vegetable oils for obtaining
motive-power under pressure and utilizing the waste heat from the boiler
or boilers.
Seventh. Retaining bisulphide of carbon, cther, aldehoyde, alcohol, 2
chloroform, essences of benzine or bonzole in the tube or tubes in boilers,
as fully described in this Specification.
Eighth. Valves leading into the chimney to regulate the pressure
within the tubo or tubes of the boiler and chamber.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydell, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord Once thousand cight hundred and seventy-three.