IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE DISTRIBUTION. REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton, New Jersey,
United States of America, now of 8 Southampton Buildings, London for
an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION,
STORAGE DISTRIBUTION. REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1882.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS, of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America,
now of 8 Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, REGULATION, AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OB MEANS THEREFOR
"
My Invention has for its object the utilization of electricity and relates to the
collection, concentration, condensation or storage of the same, and to methods,
apparatus, and means employed therefor and therewith, and for its distribution,
regulation, measurement, and conversion or translation into light, heat, or motive
power.
In constructing electric generating apparatus or machines I combine with them a
reservoir or apparatus for conserving or storing electricity, such reservoir being BO
constructed as to provide for the discharge of electricity through discharging
terminals or parts by or through which the desired electro-motive force is obtained
and regulated; or I provide with the generating apparatus or machine a reservoir
or apparatus for conserving or storing electricity in quantity, and with this
reservoir I combine a convertor or series of the same either in the form of an
accumulator or other apparatus which is connected so as to operate with, or form
part of, the prime reservoir or principal store of electricity, that is to say, I provide
a reservoir or medium for conserving or storing electricity, and I employ methods,
apparatus, or means for converting or transforming the electricity so stored and

page_text: regulating the distribution or discharge from the reservoir. In constructing such
reservoirs for conserving or storing electricity I provide an extended surface or
part through which I charge or conduct the electricity. These conductors for
charging the conserving medium extend into or surround, or are surrounded by, or
are in such proximity to, the conserving medium as to provide for a thorough
saturation of the same. The terminal conductor, surface, or part, or series of the
same for discharging electricity from such reservoir or medium are constructed
and arranged to provide for the conduction or induction of the electricity from the
reservoir.
I regulate and convert the electricity through the medium of an extended
inducing surface or length of metal or material placed in such position relatively to
the conductors or extensions or parts thereof leading from the generator or source
of electricity or from the reservoir or charging conductor as to provide for the
induction of the electricity in a coil, coils, strips, discs, plates, pieces or parts with
or without such a medium as oil, gas, liquid, or any suitable material or compounds
other than air.
In order to provide a simple and efficient method of distributing electricity
through cities, towns, works or other places or buildings, I provide suitable
insulating conductors with returns by earth or otherwise.
To provide for forming a junction between a main branch or sub-branch
conductor, or for any combination of them, I arrange an electric reservoir at such
junction and conduct the electricity from the same by induction or otherwise.
I am enabled thereby to obviate the cutting or separation of the conductors and to
provide efficient and economical means for making junction.
I connect these mains and branches and sub-branches through the medium of
electric reservoirs which can be clamped or otherwise attached to, or combined
with, the conductors. This system provides for obviating the difficulties bitherto
attending the laying of conductors and the forming of junctions as will be under-
stood from the description herein given with reference to electric reservoirs and the
means employed for converting and regulating electricity; for instance I can pass
or lead the conductor into and through a box, cylinder, or other vessel; this box is
suitably insulated and fits firmly around the conductor. This chamber may be
filled with metallic filings saturated by oil or other material so as to prevent firing
and the conductors or branches may terminate in, or induce the electricity froin,
the conserving medium or reservoir. I provide an insulating ring or packing
which firmly clamps or fits closely around the conductor at or near its entrance to,
and exit from the said box. This system or method of combining the conductors
is applicable and practicable for the largest or smallest junctions, branches, or sub-
branches, and in proportion to the inducing or conducting face or part arranged
relatively to the conserving medium or store of electricity, so will be the electricity
supplied to the branch or sub-branch, I therefore obviate the necessity for firing or
destroying the conductors; furthermore, such a system provides for a complete
independency of all apparatus even to the different lamps or conductors arranged
in connection with a chandelier or translating device in any place, room, or
building. This system is practically the same in its working for the largest
application or installation such as the distribution of electricity for use on railways,
for the propulsion of trains, and for other purposes, such as the distribution of
electricity through a city, town, or district or other extensive application as it is
for supplying a single translating device or a series thereof placed in a house or at
any given point or place. The main does its service, the branch and sub branches
do theirs, and they are so combined through the medium of the reservoirs that they
can do no more, that is to say, the amount of their work is limited according to
their construction or arrangement at the junction.
In order to provide for economically constructing the collecting or inducing face
or part of an electric generator I cover or coat the same collecting or inducing face
with copper or other suitable metal by depositing the metal to be employed
directly upon the armature or body, for instance, I can first construct the armature

page_text: or wheel either of an insulating material or of metal. When I employ metal I can
use an insulating coating applied to the surface upon which I wish to deposit,
mould, or fuse the copper or other metal; or I can deposit or fuse the copper or
other metal directly upon the metallic base which constitutes, or which will be
mounted upon, the said wheel.
When I employ the metal body upon which I deposit the conducting or inducing
metal I sometimes insulate such body or part from the other wheel or part which
provides for the induction or collection of the electricity in the opposing magnetic
field. For instance I can construct or employ a wheel formed of iron or other
suitable metal and coat such wheel first with graphite or silicate, afterwards with
copper. This wheel is arranged to revolve in close proximity to permanent
or electro magnets or masses of magnetic material and the electricity so collected is
conducted therefrom preferably at the axle of the wheel. The other wheel or
part which collects or provides for the induction of the electricity in the opposing
magnetic field is arranged in a similar manner to that above described. The
electricity is collected in a similar or any preferred manner, that is to say, I may
either collect the electricity from the coils of the electro magnets, or by collectors
arranged at the periphery, or at the sides of the wheels, or from collectors arranged
to fit upon, or be in contact with, the axles or from the journal boxes of the axle
through the medium of a lubricant or liquid.
I sometimes employ castings or boxes arranged in close proximity to the
inducing faces of the wheels either at the periphery or at the sides, or both,
and fill these boxes or chambers with filings or scraps of magnetic metal. I can
provide for saturating the same from a shunt or from the reservoir or a separate
machine. Or I may arrange these boxes or chambers as electric reservoirs, the
terminals of these reservoirs being arranged for inducing or collecting the electricity
from the revolving wheel or armature, that is to say, these chambers become
charged with electricity by collecting it directly from the armature or armatures.
These reservoirs are constructed to store the electricity in quantity or to be
charged with a comparatively low resistance. When I charge the reservoirs with
positive and negative electricity I conduct it therefrom through suitable terminals
either by induction or otherwise, through the mains, branches, and sub-branches as
will be well understood, but in all cases I conduct the electricity from this form of
electrical machine into an electric reservoir or accumulator preferably charged in
quantity or with low resistance.
When I arrange the reservoirs to collect the electricity from the revolving wheel
or armature I employ, preferably, a copper plate or piece which is suitably arranged
to induce the currents from the revolving wheel or armature. I may cover such
copper plate with a thin non-conducting coating so as to obtain electricity of
higher tension or I may pass the electricity through oil or other liquid, or
non-conducting film-arranged between a series of plates.
Instead of employing two armatures or wheels, insulated, may use a single
wheel which may represent a permanent or electro magnet or a series of the same,
and it can be saturated from the electric reservoir by leading the electricity in
certain defined proportions to the said wheel at the axle thereof.
When I employ a single wheel, or parts not insulated, the magnet or series of
magnets will be so arranged that one or a set of collectors shall induce electricity
of one sign and the other set or sets electricity of the other sign, the electricity
being conducted from the inducing faces or parts into an electric reservoir.
I construct an electric generating or collecting apparatus with an extended
surface for inducing electricity by employing a continuous or a sectional ring or
band arranged upon or near the periphery of the armature. Or I may use a series
of such bands or projections arranged at the side or periphery, or both, of the
wheel. These bands or projections fit into recesses in the permanent or electro
magnets, or such wheel or armature may be cast with such projections upon the
same.
I preferably employ a duplicate armature, or two wheels so arranged relatively

page_text: to the opposing magnetic fields, that one wheel will provide for the collection of
positive electricity, the other for the collection of negative electricity. The magnets
may be mounted upon an iron base so that they will constitute a horse-shoe
magnet or a series of the same. The poles of these magnets will be of the same
denomination at each inducing face, armature, or wheel.
In order to provide a cheap and economical form of electrical apparatus I con-
struct a wheel or armature of iron and coat the same with copper or other suitable
metal and provide for the collection of electricity, with, or without, utilizing the
inductive action of the earth. This wheel has preferably a continuous metallic
inducing-face. I conduct the current so collected into the storage battery or
reservoir which I preferably so construct as to charge in quantity. The inducing
faces or parts of this machine I arrange on insulated supports.
I provide a terminal or terminals or conductors, which conduct the electricity
collected by the wheel into an electric reservoir or storage system as herein
provided for.
In an apparatus where I employ heat for the purpose of collecting electricity, I
sometimes use a coil of wire which is coated or alloyed with another metal or I use
a metal sheet, strip or tube which is coated or alloyed with another metal. These
metal strips or wires I coil, lap or fold in a compact form; for instance I may
employ a sheet of iron which is coated with copper or other suitable metal by
fusion, rolling, or other process. One end of the sheet of metal is not covered by
the copper the other end being entirely covered. At each end of the sheet I
arrange for securing a metal piece or conductor, one being secured to the copper
the other to the iron. By rolling or coiling the sheet upon itself, preferably with
insulating or non-conducting strips, the sheet of metal will have somewhat the
form of a roll with the aforesaid terminals projecting from one or both ends of the
roll. This cylindrical piece is then placed in a suitable chamber which may be
also composed of two metals arranged in a similar manner relatively to each other,
or of a metal alloy which is provided with terminals. I provide for the projection
of the terminals from the cap or cover of the chamber through insulating nuts or
supports. This coil is hermetically closed or encased within the chamber into
which I introduce a liquid (say oil) for the diffusion of the heat throughout the
chamber, or I encase such generating apparatus within a closed chamber.
The
I connect the terminals of this apparatus with a storage reservoir which I
employ for charging with electricity in quantity or of low electro-motive force.
Instead of these wires, strips, sheets or rods of metal being coiled they may be
folded or lapped so as to occupy a convenient space; or I may employ tubes as
bereinbefore described either coiled or lapped or united with couplings.
electricity may be converted or regulated from such generators as herein provided
for, or otherwise, as preferred. I sometimes fill such coiled or folded tubes or
chambers with metals which fuse at a low temperature. I may use salts, oxides,
or metallic or other suitable solutions or liquids for this purpose, my object being
to overcome the difficulties of construction and collect the electricity in quantity
and store it for use as required.
I sometimes employ apparatus for collecting electricity consisting of tubes or
chambers into or through which I force air, gases, steam, or liquids preferably
heated or compressed. I provide for the collection of the electricity from coils of
wires insulated, or from plates, wires, or collectors surrounding the chambers or
placed within or across the same and I store the electricity so collected. In order
to construct a simple collecting apparatus capable of acting through the medium of
beat I arrange coils or plates, strips or metal, filings, or suitable liquids or com-
pounds placed within chambers or spaces conveniently formed for the application
of heat. Such apparatus provides for the collection of electricity and for the
condensation of the same through the medium of a simple or compound storage-
reservoir. The electricity being utilized therefrom as herein provided for or in any
preferred manner I employ rods, wires, or plates of metal for collecting the
electricity existing or that may exist in the air in proximity to such rods,

page_text: plates, wires or metallic surfaces and provide for the reception of the electricity
which such plates rods or apparatus may collect by connecting the collecting
apparatus or devices with the charging terminal or part of the electric reservoir or
reservoirs, which reservoir I preferably construct with a capability of being readily
charged with electricity in quantity. I utilize the electricity so obtained through
the mediam of discharging terminals arranged as herein provided for or somewhat
on the same principle as that of the Leyden jar. I preferably provide an extended
inducing surface for converting, conducting, and regulating the electricity from
such reservoir. The reservoir can be either simple or compound and in either case
I can provide for conducting the electricity with return conductora, that is to say,
I lead the electricity from such simple or compound reservoir to translating devices
for instance electric lamps, heaters, motors or other apparatus coupled in multiple
are or with return by earth. The various modifications herein referred to relating
to conversion, distribution, regulation, measurement, and translation of electricity
are especially applicable with the systems of collection and storage herein provided
for. In constructing electric generators I combine with them electric reservoirs or
accumulators, and having determined the most economical speed of my machine, I
provide for a certain resistance by the coils or other medium for saturating the
magnetic field or fields, or I otherwise provide for a permanent or set resistance until
the storage system shall become fully charged or there shall be some defect in the
working of the machinery. I preferably employ the resistances or circuit makers
herein described, I sometimes charge the storage system from stationary inducing
coils or plates, the advantage being that I can connect all the positive inducing
parts with the positive part or parts of the storage system and all the negative
inducing or collecting parts are in a like manner connected to the negative part or
parts of such system. I can divide the conducting parts from the generator so
that each will perform its function towards charging by conducting the electricity
direct into single pairs of the series, I thereby ensure a minimum resistance in
charging. Each cell may be coupled in multiple are or with return by earth.
I sometimes construct my generators or storage apparatus, or both, so that the
positive parts are in excess of the negative parts thereof
In constructing electric reservoirs for conserving electricity I provide for charging,
recharging or reviving a series with electricity in quantity by connecting the
charging conductor or conductors to the positive plates or parts in the series of the
negative conductor or conductors to the negative plates or parts in the series. The
discharging terminals may be connected or combined with the parts in series; or
the electricity may be discharged by induction from the conserving or conducting
mass or medium, that is to say, I proportion or govern the discharge through the
medium of the conducting or inducing face or part and when I wish to discharge
with high electro-motive force and with rapidity I provide enlargements or extended
surfaces in or with the charging conductor or conserving medium and arrange
therewith a suitable proportion or extent of conducting or inducing parts for
regulating the disebarge. I sometimes arrange the two parts to fit into or between
each other or lap or fold them upon themselves or upon each other, and I provide
the insulation or resistance necessary in any preferred manner and arrange with
such positive or negative parts the inducing plates coils or strips, that is to say, I
can arrange the discharging conductors or parts between the poles, plates, arms,
coils or laps of the charging conductors or conserving medium charged by them
When I employ a conserving mass charged by a single conductor with return by
earth I preferably provide an extended surface for charging as described; or I may
employ discs, rings, spurs, arms, wires or strips extending into or through the
conserving medium; or I may employ chambers or boxes, containing iron or other
metal filings with or without other conserving medium, or I can employ enlarge-
ments forming part of the conductors.
I sometimes employ a series of wires, strips, discs or plates coiled parallel to
each other or folded or otherwise placed so as to provide an extended surface for
charging the conserving medium such as air, gas, liquid, metallic oxides or salt,

page_text: metallic, earthy, or chemical compounds or any combination of them. In
constructing electric reservoirs I sometimes employ good conductors coated with a
metal, say lead, which will become oxidized so as to conserve electricity; the
thickness of the coating may be varied according to the destined use of the
apparatus; these may be strips or plates coiled or folded and so placed as to occupy
a compact space and I practically need have only one positive and negative pole or
part or only one conserving part for charging. I conduct the current therefrom
by wire strips or plates coiled or otherwise arranged for conducting or inducing the
electricity.
I sometimes use for my electric reservoir manganese or bichromate of potash
either in connection with a primary or secondary electric reservoir. I construct
primary batteries or reservoirs as herein described for being charged with electricity
in quantity.
In order to provide a simple regulating device or resistance either for continuous
or alternating currents I employ two wedge-shaped conducting parts, one or both
of them movable. I preferably arrange them in a space or chamber which contains
oil or other liquid; the said chamber and parts with the liquid must be so
proportioned as to provide for a slight movement of one of the wedge-shaped
pieces which movement may cause the displacement of the liquid so as to cover
the adjacent faces of the two parts thereby regulating the resistance; A cone
fitted with a corresponding chamber will ensure a similar result. The wedge or
cone may be operated by hand or through the agency of the electric current and is
suitable as a circuit maker or as a resistance. The wedge or cone-shaped piece
may be fitted to slide in a socket or to be otherwise maintained in position and
can be worked with a screw or otherwise.
I prefer that the liquid should fill the chamber and the distance between the
metal parts regulates the resistance.
A series of these apparatuses may be combined so that they may operate
separately or together and an apparatus of this kind is applicable for regulating
the electricity supplied to electric are or incandescent lamps, electric heaters,
motors, and for other purposes.
My invention further consists in combining or applying such improvements as
those above described to existing systems or apparatus, so as to constitute a
complete system for collecting storing, conducting, distributing, converting,
regulating, measuring and translating electricity.
The improvements herein described are designed to be used in connection with
the improvements set forth in my previous provisional specifications :—
SAT. 8000
DO T
1001

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Stokes Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
80th September 1882.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS, of Riverton, New Jersey United States of America
now of 8 Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING
TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE, DISTRIBUTION, REGULATION AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY, AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR
"
My invention has for its object the utilization of electricity and relates to the
generation or collection, concentration, condensation, or storage of the same and to
methods, apparatus, and means employed therefor, or in connection therewith, and
for its distribution, regulation, measurement, and conversion or translation into
light, heat, or motive power.
In employing electric generating apparatus or machines, I sometimes combine
therewith one or more reservoirs or apparatus designed to conserve or store
electricity and so constructed as to provide for the discharge of electricity through
discharging terminals or ports by, or through which, the desired electro-motive
force is obtained and regulated; or I sometimes provide, in connection with the
generating apparatus or machine a reservoir or apparatus for conserving or storing
electricity in quantity, and with this reservoir I combine a convertor or a series of
the same either in the form of an accumulator or other apparatus which is
so connected therewith as to operate with or form part of the prime reservoir or
principal store of electricity, that is to say, I provide a reservoir or medium for
conserving or storing electricity and I employ methods apparatus or means for
converting or transforming the electricity so stored and regulating the distribution
or discharge of the same from the said reservoir or medium. In constructing such
reservoirs for conserving or storing electricity I provide an extended surface or
part through which I charge or conduct the electricity. The conductors for
charging the conserving medium extend into or surround or are surrounded by or
are in such proximity to the conserving medium as to provide for a thorough
saturation or charging of the same. The terminal conductor surface or part or the
series of the same for discharging electricity from such reservoir or mediom is
constructed and arranged to provide for the conduction or induction of the
electricity from the said reservoir or medium
I regulate and convert the electricity through the medium of an extended
inducing surface or length of metal or material placed in such position relatively
to the conductors or extensions or parts thereof leading from the generator or source
of electricity or from the reservoir or charging conductor as to provide for the
induction of the electricity in a coil, coils, strips, discs, plates pieces or parts, that
is to say, I so construct these coils, strips, discs, plates pieces or parts, and arrange
them relatively to each other as to enable them to be placed in the electric circuit
in such a manner as to provide for accumulating condensing transmitting or
regulating the current in one or more charging or discharging circuits either
directly from the generator or to or from one or more conserving accumulating or
storing devices supplied with electric energy in the electrical system and either
portable or stationary or both.
In order to provide a simple and efficient method of distributing electricity
through cities towns works buildings or other places I provide electrical connections
or conductors with returns by earth or otherwise :
I sometimes provide for forming a junction between a main branch or sub-
branch conductor or any combination of them by employing an electric reservoir

page_text: preferably in the form of an accumulator or condenser at such junction and conduct
the electricity from the same by induction or otherwise, I am thereby enabled to
obviate the cutting or separation of the conductors and to provide efficient and
economical means for making a junction. To effect this object I place the said
reservoir accumulator or condenser in a loop or branch which constitutes a part
of or is in connection with the main charging conductor whether it be the main
or a branch or sub-branch, that is to say, I connect these mains and the branches
and sub-branches or any of them, through the medium of such reservoir accumulator
or condenser which can be clamped or otherwise attached to or combined with the
conductor or conductors. This system provides for obviating the difficulties
hitherto attending the laying of conductors and the forming of junctions through
which short circuiting occurs especially when returns are made by earth through
any part of the system as will be understood from the description herein given
with reference to electric reservoirs and the means employed for converting and
regulating electric currents for instance I can pass or lead the conductor into and
through a box cylinder or other vessel or chamber; this box is suitably insulated
and fits firmly around the conductors. The said vessel or chamber may be filled
with metallic filings saturated by or mixed with oil or other material so as to
prevent firing and the conductors or branches may terminate in or induce the
electricity from the conserving or accumulating medium or reservoir. I sometimes
provide an insulating ring or packing which firmly clamps or fits closely around
the conductor at or near its entrance to and exit from the said box or chamber.
Such an arrangement is especially applicable when I employ a liquid as described.
The current can be conducted or induced from extended surfaces or parts formed
on or in connection with the conductors in the form of coils, lapping or folding
plates or sheets insulated from each other as herein more fully described.
Such system or method of combining the conductors is applicable and practicable
for large or small junctions from mains branches or sub-branches and in proportion
to the inducing or conducting face or part arranged relatively to the conserving
medium a store of electricity, so will be the electricity supplied to the branch or
sub-branch I therefor obviate firing or the destruction of the conductors further-
more such a system provides for a complete independency of all apparatus even to
the different lamps or conductor arranged in connection with a chandelier or trans-
lating device or devices in any room building or place. This system is practically
the same in its working for the largest application or installation such as the dis-
tribution of electricity for use on railways for the propulsion of trains and for
other purposes on the trains along the lines, such as the distribution of electricity
through a city town or district or other extensive application as it is for supplying
a single translating device or a series thereof placed in a house or building or
at any given point or place. The main does its service, the branch and sub-
branches do theirs and when they are combined through the medium of such
accumulating reservoirs or regulating devices they can do no more, that is to say,
the amount of their work is limited according to their construction or arrangement
at the junctions. By this means I am enabled to provide for the transmission of
currents of any tension as may be desired and I can employ main line charging
circuits with return by earth or otherwise and transmit electric energy through
long lines of conductors of light section and conserve or store such energy at one
or more places or stations in an electrical system of distribution for the purposes
of light heat motive power locomotion and traction or for any one or more of such
purposes. Such means provide efficaciously and economically for the utilization of
the natural forces or other agents for the conversion of power into electric energy
at the points or places where they are most readily obtainable or utilizable and the
transmission for any distance as before stated and the regulation and the indepen-
dency of currents in any number of branches loops or sub-branches and the con-
servation of power in any one or more of such electrical connections. Returns
in the main line may be made by earth thereby providing for economically
making the installation; the translation or discharging circuits from the storing

page_text: accumulating regulating or converting device or devices may have returns by earth
or by an insulated return conductor or conductors.
The translating devices for instance heaters electric lamps motors or other
electric translating devices in the discharging or translating circuits can be
arranged in multiple are multiple series or series or any combination of them.
Railway trains running upon insulated conductors can be operated in such
electric system either with or without electric reservoirs or magazines upon one or
more of the vehicles or with or without tension regulators or convertors upon one
or more of the vehicles of the train.
In order to provide for economically constructing the collecting or inducing face
or part of an electric generator I cover or coat the said collecting or inducing face
with copper or other suitable metal by depositing the metal to be employed
directly upon the armature or body for instance I can first construct the armature
or wheel either of an insulating material or of metal. When I employ metal I
can use an insulating coating applied to the surface upon which I wish to deposit
mould or fuse the copper or other metal; or I can deposit or fuse the copper or
other metal directly upon the metallic base which constitutes or which will be
mounted upon the said wheel.
In such a case the base and coating constitute a single element or part of an
element.
When I employ the metal body upon which I deposit the conducting or inducing
metal I sometimes insulate such body or part from the other wheel or part which
provides for the induction or collection of the electricity in the opposing magnetic
field. For instance I can construct or employ a wheel or part formed of iron or
other suitable metal and coat such wheel or part with insulating material for
instance a silicate. It will be understood that I can employ any other suitable
insulating material or an insulating compound and by employing a graphite or
other suitable coating which has an affinity for metal I am enabled to provide a
coating of conducting metal such as copper for instance by the ordinary process of
electro-deposition or otherwise. The said wheel or part is arranged to revolve in
close proximity to permanent or electro magnets or masses of magnetic material
and the electricity is collected or conducted therefrom preferably at the axle of the
wheel. The other wheel or part which collects or provides for the induction of
the electricity in the opposing magnetic field is arranged in a similar manner to
that above described. The electricity is collected in a similar or any preferred
manner, that is to say, I may either collect the electricity from the coils of the
electro magnets or by collectors arranged at the periphery or at the sides of the
wheels, or from collectors arranged to fit upon or be in contact with the axles or
from the journal boxes of the axle through the medium of a lubricant or liquid
and suitable collectors or circuit makers.
I sometimes employ castings or boxes arranged in close proximity to the
inducing faces of the wheels either at the periphery or at the sides or both and
fill these boxes or chambers with filings or scraps of magnetic metal. I can provide
for saturating the same from a shunt or from the reservoir or a separate machine
suitable electrical connections being employed for such purpose: The conductors
can be insulated and extend into and surround or be surrounded by such magnetic
material in a pulverized or deviated condition: The boxes or chambers can be of
such form as will be suited to the special construction of the machine and be
composed of magnetic or non-magnetic material. Or I may arrange these boxes or
chambers as electric reservoirs the terminals of these reservoirs being arranged for
inducing or collecting the electricity from the revolving wheel or armature it will
be understood that these chamber becomes charged with electricity by collecting it
directly from the armature or armatures. In such cases the armature or moving
part will be so built up or formed as to constitute a magnet or a series of magnets
(either permanent or electro magnets) these magnets may move in contact with the
conductors or inductors extending from the chambers or reservoirs.
From the positive and negative elements of the reservoir or reservoirs I conduct

page_text: the current through suitable terminals either by induction or otherwise through
the mains branches and sub-branches.
When I arrange the reservoirs to collect the electricity from the revolving wheel
or armature I employ preferably a copper plate or piece which is suitably arranged
to induce the currents from the revolving wheel or armature. I may cover such
copper plate with a thin non-conducting coating, so as to obtain electricity of
higher tension or I may pass the electricity through oil or other liquid or
non-conducting film arranged between a series of plates.
Instead of employing two armatures or wheels insulated from each other I may
use a single wheel which may represent a permanent or electro magnet or a series
of the same and it can be saturated from the electric reservoir by admitting the
electricity in certain defined proportions to the said wheel at the axle thereof.
When I employ a single wheel or parts not insulated the magnet or series of
magnets will be so arranged that one or a set of collectors will induce electricity of
one sign and the other set or sets of the other sign the electricity being conducted
from the inducing faces or parts into one or more electric reservoirs at one or more
points or stations in the electrical system or directly into the translating circuits
if so desired.
I construct an electric generating or collecting apparatus with an extended
surface for inducing electricity by employing a continuous or a sectional. ring or
band arranged upon or near the periphery of the armature. Or I may use a series
of such bands or projections arranged at the side or periphery of the wheel. These
bands or projections can fit into recesses in the magnets or electro magnets or such
wheel or armature may be cast with such projections upon the same.
I preferably employ a duplicate armature or two wheels so arranged relatively
to the opposing magnetic fields that one wheel will provide for the collection of
positive electricity and the other for the collection of negative electricity. The
magnets may be mounted upon an iron base so that they will constitute a horse-
shoe magnet or a series of the same. The poles of these magnets can be of the same
denomination at each inducing face armature or wheel but they may be arranged
otherwise suitable commutating or collecting devices being provided therefor.
In order to provide a cheap and economical form of electrical apparatus I
construct a wheel or armature of iron and coat the same with copper or other
suitable metal and provide for the collection of electricity with or withont
utilizing the inductive action of the earth. This wheel has preferably a continuous
metallic inducing surface. I conduct the currents so collected into the storage
battery or reservoir so as to provide for the conservation or accumulation of power
BO converted into electric energy which reservoir I sometimes so construct as to
charge in quantity but this machine is also applicable for producing and
transmitting a current of high tension and charging batteries coupled in series.
The inducing faces or parts of this machine I arrange on insulated or non-magnetic
supports. I provide a terminal or terminals or conductors which convey or induce
the electricity collected by the elements into an electric reservoir or storage
system as berein provided for either with or without the employment of induction
or converting devices.
In an apparatus for transforming heat into electric currents I sometimes use &
coil of wire which is coated or alloyed with another metal or I use a metal sheet
strip or tube which is coated or alloyed with another metal. These metal strips
or wires I coil lap or fold in a compact form; for instance I may employ a sheet of
iron which is coated with copper or other suitable metal by fusion rolling or other
process. One end of this sheet of metal is not covered by the copper the other
end being covered. At each end of the sheet I provide for securing a metal piece
or conductor one being secured to the copper and the other to the iron. By rolling
or coiling the sheet upon itself preferably with insulating or non conducting strips
the sheet of metal will have somewhat the form of a roll with the aforesaid
terminals projecting from one or both ends of the roll. This cylindrical piece is
then placed in a suitable chamber which may be also composed of two metals

page_text: arranged in a similar manner relatively to each other or of a metal alloy which is
provided with terminals. I provide for the projection of the terminals from the
cap or cover of the chamber through insulating nuts or supports.
This coil is
hermiteally enclosed or encased within the chamber into which I introduce a
liquid (say oil) for the diffusion of the heat throughout the chamber or I encase
such generating apparatus within a closed chamber.
I connect the terminals of this apparatus with a storage reservoir which I employ
for charging with electricity in quantity or of low electro-motive force.
The
Instead of these wires, strips, sheets or rods of metal being coiled they may be
folded or lapped so as to occupy a convenient space, or I may employ tubes as
herein before described either coiled or lapped or united with couplings.
electricity may be converted or regulated from such generators as herein provided
for or otherwise as preferred I sometimes fill such coiled or folded tubes or
chamber with metals which fuse at a low temperature. I may use metallic salts
oxides or metallic or other suitable solutions or liquids for this purpose my object
being to overcome the difficulties of construction and collect the electricity in
quantity and store it for use as required.
I sometimes employ apparatus for collecting electricity consisting of tubes or
chambers into or through which I force air gases steam or liquids preferably heated
or compressed. I provide for the collection of the electricity from coils of wires
insulated or from plates wires or collectors surrounding the chambers or placed
within or across the same and I store the power so converted and regulate the
current as herein provided for.
In order to construct a simple collecting apparatus capable of acting through
the medium of heat I arrange coils or plates strips, or metal filinga, or a suitable
liquid or compounds placed within chambers or spaces conveniently formed for the
application of heat. Such apparatus provides for the collection of electricity and
for the condensation of the same through the medium of a simple or compound
storage reservoir, the electricity being utilized therefrom as herein provided for, or
in any preferred manner.
I sometimes provide an extended inducing or charging surface for converting,
conducting, and regulating the electricity from the reservoir. The reservoir can be
either simple or compound, and in either case, I can provide for conducting the
electricity, with return conductors, that is to say, I lead the electricity from such
single or compound reservoir to translating devices, for instance, electric lamps,
heaters, motors, or other apparatus coupled in multiple are or with return by earth.
The various modifications referred to relating to the conversion distribution regu-
lation measurement and translation of electricity are especially applicable with the
systems of collections and storage herein provided for.
In constructing electric generators I combine with them electric reservoirs or
accumulators and having determined the most economical speed at which the
machine should be run I provide for a certain resistance by the coils or other
medium for saturating or exciting the magnets or I otherwise provide for a
permanent or set resistance until the storage system becomes fully charged or there
may be some defect in the working of the machine; I preferably employ the
resistances or circuit makera herein described: I sometimes charge the storage
system from stationary inducing coils or plates the advantage being that I can
connect all the positive inducing parts with the positive part or parts of the storage
system and all the negative inducing or collecting parts are in a like manner
connected to the negative part or parts of such system. I can divide the
conducting parts from the generator so that each will perform its function towards
charging by conducting the electricity direct into single pairs or sets of elements
of the series I thereby ensure a minimum resistance in charging.
Each cell may
be coupled in multiple are or with return by earth.
In constructing electric reservoirs for conserving
charging recharging or revivifying a series with
connecting the charging conductor or conductors to the
electricity I provide for
electricity in quantity by
positive plates or parts in

page_text: the series and the negative conductor or conductors to the negative plates or parts
in the series. The discharging terminals may be connected or combined with the
parts in series or the electricity may be discharged by induction from the conserving
or conducting mass or medium, that is to say, I proportion or govern the discharge
through the medium of the conducting or inducing face or part and when I wish
to discharge with high electro motive force and with rapidity I provide enlarge-
ments or extended surfaces in or in connection with the charging conductor or
conserving medium and arrange therewith a suitable proportion or extent of
conducting or inducing parts for regulating the discharge. I sometimes arrange the
two parts to fit into or between each other or lap or fold them upon themselves
or upon each other and I provide the insulation or resistance necessary in any
preferred manner and arrange in combination with such positive or negative parts
the inducing plates coils or strips, that is to say, I can arrange the discharging
conductors or parts between the poles plates, arms coils or laps of the charging
conductors or conserving medium charged by them.
When I employ a conserving mass charged by a single conductor with return by
earth I preferably provide an extended surface for charging as described; or I may
employ discs rings spurs arms wires or strips extending into or through the
conserving medium; or I may utilize chambers or boxes containing iron or other
metal filings with or without other conserving medium or employ.enlargements
forming part of the conductors.
I sometimes employ a series of wires strips discs or plates coiled parallel to each
other or folded or otherwise placed so as to provide an extended surface for
charging the conserving medium such as air gas liquid metallic oxides or salt
metallic earthy or chemical compounds or any combination of them.
In constructing electric reservoirs I sometimes employ good conductors coated
with a metal say lead which will become oxidized so as to conserve electricity; the
thickness of the coating may be varied according to the destined use of the
apparatus strips or plates may be employed coiled or folded and so placed as to
occupy a compact space and I practically need have only one positive and negative
pole or part or only one conserving part for charging. I conduct the current
therefrom by wire strips or plates coiled or otherwise arranged for conducting or
inducting the electricity, that is to say, the reservoir may be of any desired
dimensions and be so constructed as to offer but slight resistance in charging and
be susceptible of discharging an enormous quantity current with a very low electro
motive force for instance say from 2 to 100 Volts and by the employment of
converting devices in the form of induction devices or otherwise. I am enabled to
provide for the transmission of currents of any desired tension or for any distance
through conductors of light section.
I sometimes use manganese or bichromate of potash in constructing a primary or
secondary electric reservoir.
In order to provide a simple regulating device or resistance either for continuous
or alternating currents I employ two wedge-shaped conducting parts one or both
of which may be movable I preferably arrange them in a space or chamber which
contains oil or other liquid; the said chamber and parts with the liquid must be so
proportioned as to provide for a slight movement of one of the wedge-shaped
pieces which movement may cause the displacement of the liquid so as to cover
the adjacent faces of the two parts thereby regulating the resistance. A cone
fitted with a corresponding chamber will ensure a similar result. The wedge or
cone may be operated by hand or through the agency of the electric current and
is suitable as a circuit maker or as a resistance. The wedge or cone shaped piece
may be fitted to slide in a socket or to be otherwise maintained in position and
can be worked with a screw or otherwise. I prefer that the liquid should fill the
chamber and the distance between the metal parts regulates the resistance. A
series of these apparatuses may be combined so that they may operate separately
or together and an apparatus of this kind is applicable for regulating the electricity

page_text: supplied to electric aro or incandescent lamps electric heaters motors and for other
purposes.
I can combine or apply such improvements as those above described to existing
systems or apparatus so as to constitute a complete system for collecting storing
conducting distributing converting regulating measuring and translating electric
energy.
The improvements herein described can moreover be used in connection with the
improvements set forth in the specification of my former Letters Patent dated
30th November 1881 No 5233-31st December 1881 No 5742-16th January
1882 No 224 13th February 1882 No 700-16th February 1882 No 766-
22nd February 1882 No 856-10th March 1882 No 1174-and in my provisional
Specification dated January 6th 1882 No 85.
In the diagram illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings I have
shewn a system or apparatus for generating storing distributing and utilizing or
discharging electric energy along lines of railway and tramways or at fixed or
determined points or places and for regulating the electro motive force or tension
of the current to be utilized for the propulsion of a vehicle or a series of vehicles or
a train and for controlling or regulating the traffic over the line or lines as well as
for other purposes herein provided for and as will be understood by reference to
the Specifications of my former Letters Patent dated 13th February 1882 No 700
-16th February 1882 No 766-22nd February 1882 No 856 and 10th March
1882 No 1174.
A represents a turbine or water wheel which is so arranged in a water pipe or
main or in a channel through which water flows as to provide for the utilization of
the force or fall of the water flowing therethrough. This turbine or water wheel
is adapted to operate an electric generating machine B through gearing or otherwise.
The electric generator B is adapted to be connected with the devices C for
conserving accumulating or storing the power so converted into electric energy.
The said generator B and the devices Care connected through the medium of
switching devices at D which are arranged to operate in such a manner as to
provide for charging one part of the conserving accumulating or storing devices C
while another part of the same is supplying a current to the discharging circuit.
In order to provide for regulating or converting the tension of the current
discharged from one or more of the devices C I employ a converting device E or a
Deries of them so combined in the circuit with the said devices O. This device E
is adapted to be charged from the said devices C through the medium of the con-
ductor 1 and in accordance with the extent of the inducing and charging surface
or in accordance with the arrangement of such device E I provide for converting
and increasing the tension of the current to be transmitted through the discharging
circuit F. At various points or junctions 2 I employ induction devices or
regulators 3 which are shown included in a branch or loop circuit from the main
eircuit F and are adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for the
induction of the current in the discharging circuit 4. I have shown at 5 the
discharging circuit 4 as a translating circuit. The device 8 provides for transmitting
regulating or converting the tension of the current in such translating circuit. At
6 I have shown a device for accumulating or storing electric energy so as to provide
for holding auch energy in reserve at or near the place where it is to be utilized
and distant from the place of generation. The discharging circuit 7 is connected
with and supplied from the store 6 of electric energy and the device 3 performs no
part in regulating the tension of the current in the said discharging circuit 7 the
tension of the current in the latter being regulated according to the number of
elements of the device 6 coupled in series or in accordance with the construction
arrangement and kind of elements employed. At 8 I have shewn an electric meter
upon a branch or derived circuit from the discharging circuit 7 for measuring and
recording the current passing into the said circuit 7. At 9 I have shewn the
device 3 arranged in a branch or loop circuit 2 from the main F and adapted to
operate as described so as to provide for the conservation or accumulation of the

page_text: electric energy in a series of devices 6 connected with the discharging circuit 9. In
this circuit I have shewn a series of electric motors 10 adapted to be operated by
the energy held in reserve at 6 and transmitted through the discharging circuit 9
switching devices being provided to control the operation of such motors in the
ordinary manner. By the employment of a series of devices 6 I provide for the
operation of the electrio motors at all times the switching device at D being
adapted to operate as before described. At 8 I have shewn an electric meter
adapted to provide for the measurement and recording of the electric current
passing into the devices 6 where the electric energy is conserved or accumulated.
Through the medium of these devices 6 I provide for regulating the tension or
electro motive force of the current passing to the motors through the electrical
circuit 9 as described with reference to the discharging circuit 7-By such means
I am enabled to provide for regulating the tension of the current as best suited for
the purposes for which it is to be employed.
I have shewn the convertor E provided with two discharging circuits F. One
of these circuits F is shewn as communicating with devices 6 placed along, or
in proximity to, the line of railway and adapted to provide for conserving
accumulating or holding electric energy in reserve at independent points or places
so as to provide for having the power in close proximity to the translating devices
thereby providing for the employment of conductors F of light section for the
transmission of the energy to such devices 6. The conductors connected with the
latter and extending to or forming the discharging circuits are of a greater carrying
capacity than the conductors F so as to provide for the transmission of the current
to the translating devices 11 as best suited to the latter or so as to provide for the
utilization of the energy with greater rapidity than that with which the electric
energy is transmitted to the devices 6 through the conductors F. I have shown
these devices 6 adapted to be charged vivified or revivified through the medium of
regulating or converting devices 3 which are combined with the main charging
circuit F and the devices 6 in a similar manner to that before described. By the
employment of these devices 3 I am enabled to provide for transmitting the current
for any distance through the conductors F without practically interfering with
such transmission, that is to say, the branches or branch circuits become practically
independent of the mains in their working and I am enabled to provide for
charging any number of accumulating or conserving devices 6 irrespective of their
internal resistance and employ a single insulated conductor F with a return by
earth and connect or place the translating devices 11 in the discharging or
translating circuits 12 in multiple aro or with returns by earth to the elements of
the conserving or accumulating devices 6 or to the elements of the device 3. I
bave shewn the electrical connections F extending along the line to a distributing
station G where I have represented accumulating or storing devices 6 in electrical
connection with the convertor E at the generating source. These devices 6 provide
for regulating or converting the tension of the currents which pass into the
discharging circuits 13 14 and 15 irrespective of the tension of the current
transmitted through the conductor F either from the convertor E. I provide in
the independent discharging circuits currents of different tension by employing
independent conserving accumulating regulating or converting devices 16, 17
and 18 and I may employ devices 3 in one or more of such discharging circuits or
branches or loop circuits therefrom. The elements of these conserving accumulating
regulating or converting devices are combined with the circuit making devices a b
in such a manner as to provide for charging vivifying or revivifying the elements
of the devices 16, 17 and 18 each of these devices being independent of one
another; the number of elements coupled in series in each device regulates or
defines the electro motive force or tension of the current transmitted through the
discharging circuits 13, 14 and 15. For instance each pair of elements may
represent a force of 2 Volts and if the number of elements coupled in series in the
part 16, should be 1,000 the electro motive force or tension of the current in the
discharging circuit 13 extending therefrom will be 2,000 Volts while if the

page_text: device 17 be composed of 100 elements coupled in series when in the discharging
circuit the electro motive force or tension of the current in such discharging circuit
will be 200 Volts. The device at 18 may be so arranged as to discharge into the
translating circuit 15 connected with the elements of the said device a current of
different tension to those proceeding from the devices 16 and 17 or the tension of
the current in either one of the independent discharging circuits 13, 14 and 15 can
be converted and regulated as best suited for the translating devices employed in
the discharging circuits and independent of the tension of the current from the
charging source which in order to provide for the utilization of a natural force or
other power or means distant from the place where the energy is to be utilized or
discharged may be of very high tension say from 20,000 to 50,000 Volts. By such
means I am enabled to employ conductors F of light section for the transmission of
the energy and utilize or conserve the energy and regulate the tension of the
current in the discharging circuit or circuits as desired. From the above description
the importance of constructing or arranging in a system or apparatus for distributing
electric energy electric reservoirs with terminals or conductors which serve two
distinct purposes will be readily understood such conductors being so proportioned
as to provide for the charging and discharging of such reservoirs as herein described.
The operation of the switching or circuit making device D will be readily under-
stood by referring to the description of the switching or circuit making devices
described in those of the Specifications of the aforesaid Letters Patent relating to
the distribution and utilization of electric energy. The said switching or circuit
making devices are preferably arranged in a casing or enclosing chamber lined
with or composed of insulating material and partially filled with an insulating
liquid or oil which will prevent firing between the pieces a b.
I have shewn the discharging circuit 18 extending from the elements of the
devices 16 for supply electric energy to the translating devices 19 for instance
electric lamps coupled in multiple are switching devices as is usual being provided
for controlling the passage of the current to any one or more of such devices 19 or
for controlling the supply of electric energy in such translating or discharging
circuit. In the discharging circuit 14 I have shown electric motors at 20 and
heaters at 21 coupled in multiple are switching devices being employed in connection
therewith as is usual. The speed of such motors may be regulated and controlled
by employing governors adapted to control the position of a resistance or circuit.
maker or of a series of them so as to provide for increasing or decreasing the
current flowing to such motora. I preferably regulate or control the consumption
of electric energy in the heaters through the medium of a circuit maker or
resistance or a series of them whose position can be controlled by the temperature
of the compartment or space to be heated as provided for in the Specification of my
former Letters Patant No 5233 dated November 30th A.D. 1881. I thereby
provide for the conservation of the energy in the devices 17 dependent upon the
temperature of the compartment or space or upon the speed or work imposed upon
the motors.
1, I represent tramway lines whereon vehicles are adapted to be moved or
operated by the conservation or accumulation of electric energy upon the vehicles
at or from reserves or stores of electric energy at one or more stations points, or
places along the line. I have shown the conductors or discharging circuits 15 from
the accumulating or storing device 18 as extending to and adapted to provide for
placing one or more of the conserving or accumulating devices upon the vehicle
in electrical communication with the elements of the device 18. I have shewn
switching devices at 22 for controlling the supply of electric energy in the
discharging circuits 15. The electro motive force or tension of the current
transmitted from this device 18 is such as to overcome the internal resistance of the
conserving or accumulating device upon the vehicle and I sometimes provide an
automatic cut off in the electrical circuit between the stationary and portable
conserving or accumulating devices so as to prevent the discharge of the current
from the conserving or accumulating device upon the vehicle back to the said

page_text: stationary device I sometimes construct the conserving device upon the vehicle, or
independent conserving devices upon the vehicle of a single pair of elements with
an extended charging or conserving surface or capacity, and provide for regulating
the electro motive force or tension of the current in one or more of the discharging
circuits for the purposes of locomotion light and heat or any of them by the
employment of induction or condensing devices. By such means I am enabled to
simplify the construction of the conserving or accumulating devices and to regulate
the tension of the current in one or more discharging circuits upon such vehicle as
best suited to translating devices in such discharging circuits.
I have also shown the conductor F extending to a series of independent
conserving or accumulating devices 23. From the latter extend discharging
conductors or working circuits 24 through which the electric energy is transmitted
from the said devices. The switching devices 25 serve to control the transmission
of energy from the devices 23 into the said circuits 24 and independent circuits are
shewn leading to switching devices 26 which are adapted to be operated through
the agency of the electric current so as to provide for cutting out or putting in the
devices 23 in circuit with the charging conductor F as more fully described in the
Specification of my aforesaid former Letters Patent No 856 A.D. 1882.
I have shewn at 27 an electric generator (preferably of the construction herein
specially provided for) whose armature is built up or formed of magnetic metal
coated with copper or other conducting metal. The said armature may be composed
of one or more rings or sections which may be insulated from each other and so
arranged relatively to the pole pieces as to provide for the induction of the currents
without reversal or these rings or sections may be arranged as is usual in dynamo
or magneto electric machines the currents being conveyed therefrom through the
medium of a commutator in the ordinary manner.
I have shewn at 28 a series of induction coils or condensing devices E BO
combined and arranged in the discharging circuit from the generator at 27 to one
of higher tension and transmitting such current through one or more electrical
connections F to one or more points places or stations or discharging or translating
circuits distant from the point of generation. It will be understood that these
devices provide for the condensation or conversion of the current and regulate and
provide for transmitting such current through the circuit F. The said devices are
shewn combined with. the elements of the generator before described but it will be
understood that I may employ thermo electric or other means for generating
currents the devices E being especially applicable for regulating or converting the
tension of a current from thermo electric generators which are so constructed as to
produce a current of low electro motive force. For instance I can employ a thermo
electric generator with such a number of elements as will give an electro motive
force of for instance 2, 10; or 20 Volts and by the devices E. I provide for
transmitting the currents with high tension for any distance as more fully described
in the Specifications of the aforesaid Letters Patent No 700 and 766.
In
At 29 I have shewn a conserving or storing device C so constructed and
arranged in the charging circuit F or a branch therefrom as to provide for con-
verting the current of high tension transmitted through the said circuit F into
a current of less tension or into independent currents of different tension
constructing the devices C which provide for this result I employ conductors J
(leading from such devices to the translating or discharging circuit) which are
shewn arranged to supply electric energy along a line of railway and have a
greater sectional area or carrying capacity than the terminals or conductors F
through which the electric energy is transmitted to the said devices C.
conductors J therefore have such proportions as to be suited to the quantity and
tension of the current transmitted from the devices C through the said conductors J.
The latter are moreover of such proportions as to be suited for conveying the
electric energy to the electric lamps motors heaters or other apparatus employed
in the same or independent discharging circuits (not shown) that is to say in
accordance with the known resistance of the lamps heaters or other apparatus
The

page_text: placed in or adapted to be placed in one or more of the discharging circuits J
I provide for regulating the electro motive force or tension of the current in the
latter through the medium of the conserving accumulating storing converting or
regulating devices E C or two or any combination of them.
At 29 I have shewn a conserving accumulating storing regulating or converting
device C arranged at a distant point from the generating source 27. This device
is constructed and arranged in such a manner as to convert the current of high
tension transmitted through the conductor F into a current of lower tension. For
instance the current transmitted through the conductor F may have an electro
motive force of 1,000, 10,000 or any other number of Volts whilst the current
discharge from the device C may be reduced to an electro motive force of 100 or
any other number of Volts so as to provide for the transmission of the current
through the discharging circuits J with such reduced tension dependent upon the
number of elements of the device C coupled in series. The elements of the
different parts of the device C are adapted to be connected through the medium
of the contact plates or pieces a b with the charging and discharging circuits F
and J so as to provide for such a result. The aforesaid elements can be coupled
in series when being charged and coupled for quantity or a lower tension when
being discharged.
The switching or circuit making devices D can be operated by time mechanism
an electric motor or an electro magnet or solenoid which has combined with it
suitable mechanism to cause the movement or rotation of the shaft drum or
piece D. For instance I can employ an apparatus or device operated as an electrio
mheter such apparatus or device being preferably placed in a derived or shunt
circuit from the main charging conductor. Or the said apparatus may be arranged
in a derived or shunt circuit from the discharging conductor F or J as the case
may be. When I employ the devices 2 for regulating the tension of the current in
one or more discharging circuits it will be understood that the tension will be in
accordance with the extent or number of convolutions of the coils or the extent of
the surface charged. I employ a circuit maker and breaker adapted to operate in
the ordinary manner in connection with such devices. K. K. represents a line of
railway whereon vehicles are adapted to be operated through the medium of
electric energy transmitted from the generating source. 27 through the electrical
connections For J. connected with the elements of the devices C. I have shewn
at 30 the conductors or discharging circuits J arranged between the rails so as to
conduct electric energy to the conserving or accumulating devices upon the wagons
vehicles or trains when placed in connection with the said conductors. Oircuit
making devices 31 are interposed in the discharging circuit J from the device O
to control the supply of electric energy to the conductors at 80. Instead of
extending these conductors for short distances or at intervals along the line they
may extend throughout the entire length of the line. In the latter case I preferably
employ two insulated rails which may be either the ordinary rails or special con-
ductors and form one or more electrical sections along the line being insulated
from the earth in any preferred manner. I connect the elements of the device 0
with the said conductors and provide for the reversal of the current through such
conductors and thereby control the movements of the vehicles or trains over the
electrical sections of the railway. I can make the connections with these sections
directly from the devices E.
The circuit to the motors can be completed through the wheels or through
special circuit makers adapted to complete the circuit between the motors on the
vehicles and the conductors J. I have shown a sèries of conserving or
accumulating devices O arranged along the line at 32 for holding electric energy:
in reserve at or near the places where it is to be utilized the charging and
discharging conductors of the said devices being suitably proportioned as and
for the purposes described. I have shewn independent conductors leading to
the central point or station where a series of circuit nakers 33 are arranged
for controlling the discharging circuits 34 from the reservoirs at 32 I preferably
D

page_text: construct the circuit makers at 35 of duplex form so as to provide for charging
the device 32 from the conductor J or when the said circuit maker is in its
normal position. When however a current is transmitted through one or more
of the independent circuits by the adjustment of one or more of the circuit
makers 33 one or more of the circuit makers 35 will be so operated as to cut
out the charging conductors and place the discharging conductors 84 in circuit
with the device at 32 thereby providing for the translation of the electric energy
by one or more devices in the discharging circuits 34. By these means I
provide for the conservation of the energy or power at points or places along
the line and control the utilization of such energy or power at one or more
central points or stations. Signalling devices or switches and crossings may be
operated through the medium of such energy or power.
At 36 I have shewn a series of devices O adapted to operate somewhat similar
to the devices C at 29 and regulate the tension of the current in one or more
pischarging circuits not shewn. I have also shewn converting devices 2 in a
discharging circuit from the devices C which devices 2 provide for regulating the
tension of the current transmitted through the conductors 37 to the conserving
devices upon the tramcars or vehicles Such devices C or 2 or any combination of
them may provide for transmitting a current of high tension through the elements
of the conserving or accumulating devices upon the vehicles. At 38 I have shewn
a device 2 connected with the circuit J and at 40 a device 2 connected with and
adapted to regulate the tension of the current in the sub branch 41 the translating
devices being shewn coupled in multiple arc.
At 42 I have shewn a series of devices 2 arranged along an electrical circuit
with returns by earth. At 43 I have shewn a series of converting devices adapted
to be charged vivified or revivified and connected with the discharging circuits 44
in multiple arc.
Figure 2 is a diagram representing means for supplying the electric energy to
the various discharging or translating circuits and means for conserving' accumu-
lating and storing such energy on the different vehicles of a train and for conducting
or conveying the energy to the devices upon one or more of the vehicles or train
from the conductors accumulators or storage devices arranged along or in proximity
to the line over or along which the vehicles are propelled or moved as will be
understood by reference to the discription given in the specifications of my aforesaid
former Letters Patent Nos. 700, 766, 856 and 1174 and in the foregoing description
with reference to converting and regulating devices. I have shewn the accumu-
lating devices C formerly part of the equipment of the electric engine adapted to
be charged or revivified with electric energy from the stores or reservoirs of
electric energy at fixed or determined points or places or along the line-These
devices C can be composed of such a number of elements coupled in series as would
give a low electro motive force or less electro motive force than that required for
the operation of the vehicles. At 45. I have shewn induction devices 2 for
regulating the tension of the current in one or more discharging circuits upon the
vehicle or train circuit makers being provided for regulating the discharge in one
or more electrical circuits and for regulating and governing the speed or movement
of the vehicles and for regulating the discharge in the lighting or heating or brake
circuits or for any of such purposes. At 46 I have shewn devices 2 included in
lighting and heating circuits these devices being adapted to operate upon such
portable electric system in a similar manner to that described with reference to the
stationary system.
Figure 3 is a plan of the under frame of a tramcar provided with means for the
utilization of electric energy upon such vehicle for the purposes of locomotion the
energy being conserved or accumulated in the devices C and converted and
regulated through the medium of the induction devices 2 suitable circuit makers
being provided for controlling the movement of the vehicle and the conservation of
energy upon the same and the controlling of the movement of the brake blocks
and lighting and heating circuits when such translating devices and the electrical
7

page_text: these boxes or chambers with filings or scraps of magnetic metal, I can provide
for saturating the same from a shunt or from the reservoir or a separate machine
suitable electrical connections being employed for such purpose. The conductors
can be insulated and extend into and surround or be surrounded by such magnetic
material in a pulverised or deviated condition.
The boxes or chambers can be of such form as will be suited to the special con-
struction of the machine and be composed of magnetic or non-magnetic material.
Or I may arrange these boxes or chambers as electric reservoirs the terminals of
these reservoirs being so arranged for inducing or collecting the electricity from
the revolving wheel or armature it will be understood that these Chambers become
charged with electricity by collecting it directly from the armature or armatures.
In such cases the armature or moving part will lie so built up or formed as to
constitute a magnet or a series of magnets (either permanent or electro-magnets)
these magnets may move in contact with the conductors or inductors extending
from the chambers or reservoirs.
From the positive and negative elements of the reservoir or reservoirs I conduct
the current through suitable terminals either by induction or otherwise through
the mains branches and subbrances.
When I arrange the reservoirs to collect the electricity from the revolving
wheel or armature I employ preferably a copper plate or piece which is suitably
arranged to induce the currents from the revolving wheel or armature. I may
cover such copper plate with a thin nonconducting coating so as to obtain
electricity of bigher tension or I may pass the electricity through oil or other
liquid or nonconducting film arranged between a series of plates.
Instead of employing two armatures or wheels insulated from each other I may
use a single wheel which may represent a permanent or electro magnet or a series
of the saine and it can be saturated from the electric reservoir by admitting the
electricity in certain defined proportions to the said wheel at the axle thereof.
When I employ a single wheel or parts not insulated the magnet or series of
magnets will be so arranged that one or a set of collectors will induce electricity
of one sign and the other set or sets of the other sign the electricity being conducted
from the inducing faces or parts into one or more electric reservoirs at one or more
points or stations in the electrical system or directly into the translating circuits if
so desired.
I construct an electric generating or collecting apparatus with an extended
surface for inducing electricity by employing a continuous or a sectional ring or
band arranged upon or near the periphery of the armature as at g in Figures 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 13. 14. 15. 16. Or I may use a series of such bands or projections arranged
at the side or periphery of the wheel. These bands or projections can fit into
recesses in the magnets or electro magnets or such wheel or armature may be cast
with such projections upon the same.
I sometimes employ a duplicate armature or two wheels as in Figures 6. 7. 8. so
arranged relatively to the opposing magnetic fields that one wheel will provide for
the collection of positive electricity and the other for the collection of negative
electricity that is to say the plates or rings will become charged and the current
will be withdrawn from them through conductors. commutators or collectors the
circuit being completed between the armatures through the insulation at 6. The
magnets may be mounted upon an iron base so that they will constitute a horse-
shoe magnet or a series of the same. The poles of these magnets can be of the
same denomination at each inducing face armature or wheel but they may be
arranged otherwise suitable commutating or collecting devices being provided
therefor.
In order to provide a cheap and economical form of electrical apparatus I
construct a wheel cr armature of iron and coat the same with copper or other
suitable metal and provide for the collection of electricity with or without
utilizing the inductive action of the earth This wheel has preferably a continuous
metallic inducing face I conduct the currents so collected into the storage battery.

page_text: on reservoir so as to provide for the conservation or accumulation of power so
converted into electric energy which reservoir I sometimes so construct as to
charge in quantity but the machine is also applicable for producing and
transmitting a current of high tension and charging batteries coupled in series.
The inducing faces or parts of this machine I arrange on insulated or non magnetic
supports. I provide a terminal or terminals or conductors which convey or induce
the electricity collected by the elements into an electric reservoir or storage system
as herein provided for either with or without the employment of induction or
converting devices
In Figures 4 and 5 I have shewn the inducing faces of the armature adapted to
revolve within the polar extensions of the electro magnets f which extensions cover -
the periphery and the sides of the inducing portion of the said armature. The
connections extend to the commutator in the usual manner to provide for obtaining
a continuous current-It will be understood that they may be so connected as to
provide for obtaining alternating currents
In Figure 6 I have shown the electro magnets f arranged at the sides of the
inducing faces of the armature. The magnets may be so wound as to provide for
their poles being all of one denomination on one side of the armature and of the
opposite denomination on the other side of the same the currents being conducted
from the inducing faces of the armature by collectors or from circuit makerą
ingulated from the axle in the usual manner or from rings placed thereon and
insulated therefrom,
In Figures 7 and 8 an armature is shewn having a series of inducing rings or
sections. This armature will operate in a similar manner to that in Figure 6. the
currenta being conducted therefrom as stated,
In Figures 9, 10, and 11 I have shown the armature built up or formed of one
or more sectional plates secured in position upon the armature by plates or boxes
which may also constitute a part of the Inducing portion of the armature. The
currents are conducted from these plates as herein before described
Figure 12. represents various constructions combinations or arrangements of
these plates.
Figures 13 and 14 I have shewn an armature constructed as herein described
with air spaces or apertures.
Figures 17 to 22 Illustrate armatures in the form of a drum and designed to be
coated as above described the currents being conducted therefrom by commutators
connected for the inducing parts as is usual or by collectors. Some of these
armatures are shewn provided with projections designed to fit and revolve in
recesses in the polar extensions of the magnets. It will be understood that these
projections may be arranged to extend laterally instead of from the periphery of
the armature and fit into corresponding recesses in the magnets. I prefer to
employ a magnetic base whereon to deposit the inducing material but I may
employ an insulating or non-magnetic base as before described.
The field magneta in machines whose armatures have a magnatio bage can be
excited by connecting them in a shunt from the current circuit from the generator
or they can be connected with the conserving or accumulating device or the said
magnets can be excited from a special exciting machine mounted on the same axis
or otherwise When I employ an insulating or non-magnetic support or base
whereon to deposit the inducing material I employ a conserving or accumulating
device or special machine for exciting the field magnets.
Having thus fully described my said invention and the manner of performing
the same I wish it understood that I claim-
First. The method of transmitting and regulating electric currents and conserving
accumulating or storing electric energy upon a vehicle or train or portable or
movable device or apparatus for causing or retarding motion or for lighting or
5 heating or for any or all such purposes by the employment of one or more induction
devices for transmitting or regulating or converting the current, substantially as
herein described.

page_text: Second. The method of constructing and operating electrical railways by which
the propulsion or movements of the vehicles or trains is rendered independent of
the generation or storage of electric energy at a given time and by which I regulate
the electro-motive force or tension of the current in one or more discharging or
charging circuits by the employment of one or more induction devices in one or
more of such circuits either as current transmitters or tension regulators.
Third. The method herein provided for of operating electrical railways by which
electric energy can be conserved or held in reserve at one or more stations points
or places along the line and conveyed or transmitted to and conserved stored or held
in reserve upon a vehicle or train by employing one or more induction devices
adapted to operate in one or more charging or discharging circuits in the fixed
electrical system or in the portable one or any combination of them.
Fourth. Constructing electrical railways with rails or conductors insulated from
each other one rail or conductor being electrically connected with the elements of
one or more electric reservoirs independently of or in conjunction with the generator
while the other rail or conductor is electrically connected to the other set of elements
of such reservoir or reservoirs in combination with one or more induction devices
adapted to operate as regulators of tension or transmitters of electric energy the
electrical circuit being completed by earth or otherwise or direct to the elements of
the induction device or otherwise.
Fifth. The method of regulating or converting the tension of an electric current
upon a vehicle or train or portable object through the medium of one or more
induction coils or apparatus in one or more charging or discharging circuits upon
the same whereby I provide for the utilization of electric energy upon such vehicle
train or portable electrical system for lighting heating or motive power or for any
or all of such purposes irrespective of the tension of the current transmitted to or
from the reservoir on the vehicle train or portable device from the generator or
electric magazine or any combination of them for the purposes specified.
Sixth. In or forming part of a system or apparatus for distributing and utilizing
electric energy one or more electric reservoirs accumulators storage batteries or
magazines supported by or combined with a tramcar vehicle or train or other
portable or movable object and one or more permanent or fixed reservoirs or devices
for conserving accumulating or storing electric energy the portable device or devices
for conserving accumulating or storing electric energy being constructed or arranged
in such a manner relatively to one or more permanent or fixed electric reservoirs
where electric energy is conserved or held in reserve as to provide for the elements
of the portable electric reservoirs being charged vivified or revivified with eléctric
energy when placed in electrical connection with the elements of any one or more
permanent or fixed electric reservoirs the current being regulated in the charging
circuit and discharging circuit or either of such circuits connected or combined
with the fixed electric reservoir through the medium of one or more induction
devices substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Seventh. A system or apparatus consisting of devices for generating and con-
serving electric energy at one or more stations points or places along a railway
tramway or the like or device's and means for generating electricity at one or more
stations or places distant from the line devices and means or reservoirs for conveying
to and conserving the electric energy at one or more stations points or places in
proximity to or nearer to the line devices and means for regulating the charging.
or discharging of electric energy from such reservoirs and devices and means for
conducting and distributing the electric energy held in reserve or stored to one or
more parts of the apparatus or system where the translating devices such as electric
lamps electric motors electric heaters or any or all of them are placed or can be
supplied with electric energy with or without the medium of subsidiary or secondary
electric reservoirs accumulators or storage batteries and devices and means for
including in some part of the electrical circuit of the system the electric reservoir
placed upon one or more of the vehicles tramcars or trains and one or more induction
devices in one or more of the charging or discharging circuits or any combination

page_text: of induction devices as current regulators or transmitters either in the portable
part of the electrical system or in the fixed part or any combination of them.
Eighth In a system or apparatus for distributing and utilizing electric
energy for lighting, heating, motive power, the application of brake power, or for
any or all of these purposes on different vehicles of a train the combination of
the following elements namely, in the equipment of each vehicle electrical con-
ductors forming part of the main charging circuit with or without means for
connecting and disconnecting such conductors to and from those of an adjoining
carriage, subsidiary auxiliary or independent electric reservoirs or a series of them
upon each vehicle or upon one or more vehicles, an independent discharging or
translating circuit, switching devices for alternately connecting some part of one or
more of the electric reservoirs and the charging circuit and for connecting some
part of one or more of the electric reservoirs or magazines or batteries or a series
of them in the translating circuit and switching devices controlled from one or
more places on one or more of the vehicles of the train for including or placing at
will some part of the electric reservoirs accumulators or batteries or the translating
device circuit in the main discharging circuit and devices or means so arranged or
adapted as to place some part of the electric reservoir or system of reservoirs on
one or more of the wagons or vehicles of the train in electrical connection with one
or more electric reservoirs magazines or accumulators arranged at some point place
or station along or in proximity to the line either directly or through the medium
of a conserving accumulating or storage reservoir placed upon one or more of the
vehicles or train and one or more induction devices in one or more charging or
discharging or working circuits as regulators of tension substantially as set forth.
Ninth: In a system or apparatus for distributing and utilizing electric energy
on tramcars vehicles engines or railway trains the combination of the following
elements namely one or more electrical conductors forming part of a main charging
circuit with or without means for connecting and disconnecting such conductors to
and from those of an adjoining vehicle, electrio reservoirs accumulators magazines
or batteries adapted to conserve or hold electric energy in reserve conductors
extending therefrom to the translating devices and switching devices for inter-
posing some part of the electric reservoir magazine or system where electric energy
is held in reserve separately alternately or consecutively or otherwise in the
charging circuit and the discharging or translating circuit and devices or means so
arranged and adapted as to place some part or all of the electric reservoir or
magazine on a vehicle or train in electrical connection with the generating source
or with one or more electric reservoirs magazines or accumulators arranged at some
point place or station along or in proximity to the line and one or more induction
devices as tension regulators or transmitters in one or more charging or discharging
circuits upon one or more of the vehicles or in one or more charging circuits or
discharging circuits of the fixed electrical system or apparatus or any combination
of snch system of induction devices as tension regulators or transmittera.
Tenth :-In a system or apparatus for distributing and utilizing electric energy
on one or more tramcars vehicles engines or railway trains the combination of the
following elements namely one or more sets or systems of electric reservoirs
magazines or accumulators placed upon the same, one or more electrical connec
tions or charging circuits adapted to be brought into circuit or connection with one
or more or some part of one or more electric reservoirs magazines batteries or
accumulators arranged along or in proximity to the line one or more switching
devices between such permanent and portable electric reservoirs, one or more dis-
charging conductors or working circuits for transmitting the electric energy from
one or more or some part of one or more of the portable electric reservoirs either
with or without the medium of secondary or subsidiary electric reservoirs
magazines or accumulators placed in or in connection with one or more of the
conductors or circuits branches derived circuits or sub-branches on one or more of
the tramcars or vehicles electric translating devices such as motors lamps heaters
or devices having connected or combined with them brake blocks or any or all of

page_text: such translating devices in one or more discharging or independent discharging
circuits or branches therefrom and one or more induction or condensing devices or
any combination of them in one or more charging or discharging circuits adapted
to operate as tension regulators convertors or current transmittors substantially as
set forth.
Eleventh. In a system or apparatus for generating conserving distributing and
utilizing electricity the employment of the following elements namely one or more
generators of electricity one or more conductors to convey the electric current
produced thereby a series of independant electric reservoirs accumulators or
magazines placed at different points or stations connected with one or more
charging conductors one or more discharging conductors or working circuits for
each of the said independent conserving accumulating or storing devices included
in each working circuit one or more electric translating devices to be operated
by the energy of the said independent conserving or storing devices or reservoirs
and one or more switching devices for each of such independent batteries or
electric reservoirs whereby any one or more of said batteries or accumulators
and the apparatus worked by it or either of them may be out out from the
charging conductor or conductors without cutting out the others and one or more
induction or condensing devices or any combination of them in one or more
charging or discharging circuits adapted to operate as tension regulators con-
vertors or current transmittors substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. In a system or apparatus for distributing and utilizing electric energy
the employment of the following elements namely one or more electric generators
with or without electric reservoirs at the generating station one or more conductors
for transmitting the currents from the generating source or from the generating
Bource and electric reservoirs arranged thereat or in connection therewith or either
of them or any combination of the same a series of independent storage batteries
accumulators reservoirs or magazines to be charged by one or more main line
charging conductors a series of switching devices one or more for each of such
independent batteries or electric magazines arranged in such a manner as to
simultaneously or successively place the independent reservoirs at different points
places or stations into the circuit of the charging line, one or more independent
conductors including electro magnets or other electric translating devices to operate
one or more of the series of switching devices with or without a second series of
switches one for each of said batteries by which any one or more of the said
batteries may be cut out or put in the circuit with the charging or discharging
conductor without cutting out the others or interfering with their operation and
one or more induction or condensing devices in one or more charging or dis-
charging circuits adapted to operate as tension regulators convertors or current
transmitters.
Thirteenth-The method of utilizing a natural force or power or the force or fall
of water for the production of light heat and motive power or any of them in an
electrical system of distribution by converting the natural force or power or the
force or fall of water into electric energy and converting or regulating the supply
and electro motive force or tension of the current in one or more discharging or
working circuits by employing one or more induction or condensing devices or any
combination of such devices to regulate or convert the electro-motive force or
tension of the current or transmit the current through one or more electrical
connections irrespective of the electro motive force or tension of the current
transmitted from one or more of the devices for converting the natural force or
power or the force or fall of water into electric energy or from or to one or more
of some part of one or more of the devices for conserving accumulating storing
regulating or converting the electric energy substantially as herein described.
Fourteenth. The method of utilizing a natural force or power or the force or
fall of water for effecting the propulsion or retardation or both of a vehicle or train
over fixed or determined lines of railway tramways or places or for the develop-
ment of light or heat upon such vehicle or train or for any combination of such

page_text: purposes by converting the natural force or power of water into an electric
current and conserving accumulating or storing the energy at one or more fixed
or determined points or stations over or along the line or lines highways or places
over or along which a vehicle vehicles or trains are designed to pass with or
without one or more conserving accumulating storing regulating or converting
devices mounted upon or forming part of one vehicle or one or more vehicles of a
train adapted to be charged vivified or revivified and to hold in reserve the electric
energy for the purpose of locomotion or with one or more conserving accumulating
storing regulating or converting devices mounted upon or forming part of one
vehicle or one or more vehicles of a train for the purpose of lighting or heating
the same or both or for causing or retarding the motion of the vehicle or train or
for all of such purposes, and of regulating the electro motive force or tension of the
current in one or more of the charging or discharging circuits of the fixed or
stationary portion of the system or apparatus or of regulating the electro motive
force or tension of the current in one or more of the charging or discharging
circuits of the electrical system or apparatus upon one or more of the vehicles
trains or other portable device by the employment of one or more induction or
condensing devices adapted to operate in one or more of the discharging or
charging circuits or any combination of such devices as electric current transmitters.
or regulators substantially as herein described
Fifteenth: The method of utilizing a natural force or power or the force or
fall of water for the production of light heat and motive power or any of them in
an electrical system of distribution by converting the natural force or power or
the force or fall of water into electric energy whereby I provide for the trans-
lation or utilization of such energy independently of the consumption withdrawal
or translation of such energy at one or more points places or stations or throughout
an electrical system of distribution or by which I provide for the conversion of.
such natural force or power or the force or fall of water into electric energy and
the conservation accumulation or storage of such energy at one or more points
places or stations in or throughout a system of electrical distribution without.
affecting or materially affecting the working of one or more electric translating.
devices or without, affecting or materially affecting the translation or discharge
of electric energy in one or more discharging or working circuits by the employ-
ment of one or more induction or condensing devices or any combination of them
in one or more charging circuits substantially as herein described
Sixteenth: The method of utilizing a natural force or power or the force or fall
of water for the purposes of traction or locomotion over highways railways train-
ways or over fixed or predetermined lines or places or for the production of light
or heat or any two or more of these purposes by which I provide for the
conversion of the natural force or power or the force or fall of water into electric
energy irrespective of the movement or position of one or more vehicles or any
number of vehicles or trains at a given time and of regulating converting or
transmitting the current in one or more discharging or charging circuits by the
employment of one or more induction or condensing devices adapted to operate so
as to control the discharge or tension of the current in one or more charging or
discharging circuits substantially as herein described.
Seventeenth-The method of constructing or using one or more conserving
accumulating storing regulating or converting devices with electrical conductors
terminals or parts which constitute or form the charging and discharging or.
translating circuits these conductors being of different proportions in cross section
or carrying capacity so as to be adapted to supply into or through the discharging
circuit electric energy suited to the translating devices in such circuit irrespective
of the carrying capacity of the charging conductor or conductors for a given time
and the method of utilizing or connecting or combining one or more induction
or condensing devices therewith in one or more of the charging and discharging
circuits or either of them substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth-The method of constructing or using one or more conserving,

page_text: accumulating storing regulating or conserving devices with electrical conductors
terminals or parts which constitute or form the charging and discharging or trans-
lating circuits these conductors being of different proportions in cross section or
carrying capacity so that one or more charging conductors are adapted to convey
the current of low electro motive force or tension from one or more generating
devices to one or more conserving accumulating regulating or converting devices
the other conductor or conductors or discharging circuit through which the electric
energy is transmitted from such conserving accumulating regulating or converting
device or devices being of suitable carrying capacity for conveying the current of
increased electro motive force or tension through the discharging circuit and the
method of utilizing or connecting or combining one or more induction or condensing
devices therewith in one or more of the charging and discharging circuits or either
of them substantially as set forth.
Nineteenth In combination with an electrical system of distribution the
employment of any number of the devices described in or under either one or both
of the two preceding claims or any combination of the said devices adapted to
operate substantially as herein described the proportion of the conductors in one
or more charging or discharging circuits being dependent upon the construction
and arrangement of one or more induction or condensing devices adapted to operate
as tension regulators convertors or current transmitters substantially as set forth
for the purposes specified
Twentieth-The method herein described of utilizing a natural force or power
or the force or fall of water or any power by converting such force or power into
electric energy and conserving accumulating storing and converting such energy
into currents of different tension in independent translating or discharging circuits
by the employment of one or more induction or condensing devices adapted to
operate as tension regulators or current transmitters
Twenty first: An electrical machine adapted to utilize the inductive action of
the earth or without reversal of current for the distribution or utilization of electric
energy or light heat or motive power and traction or any of them with or without
accumulating or storing devices.
Twenty second :-In combination with one or more electric motors arranged
upon a vehicle for the purpose of locomotion the employment of one or more
induction or condensing devices adapted to operate as tension regulators or
converters in the electrical circuit upon one or more vehicles or in the charging
circuit thereto.
Twenty third. The method of utilizing a natural force or power or the force or
fall of water for the operation of movable mechanism connected with or adapted
to be operated along a line of railway such as switches crossings movable signals
or signals lights or any combination of such devices by converting the natural force
or the force or fall of water into electric energy and conserving or accumulating
such energy at one or more stations points or places along or in proximity to the
line or at one or more points or places adjacent to the apparatus or devices to be
operated and regulating or converting or transmitting the tension and supply of
electric energy in one or more charging or discharging circuits by the employment
of one or more induction or condensing devices.
Twenty fourth. The combination with the subject matter of the preceding claim
of a series of independent circuit leading from a series of circuit makers arranged
at some central point adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for
making and breaking the circuit between one or more of the electric translating
devices and the conserving or accumulating devices substantially as set forth.
Twenty fifth. In a system or apparatus (either portable or stationary or both)
for distributing electric energy the employment of one or more reservoirs accumu-
lators storage batteries magazines or regulating devices for conserving electric
energy constructed arranged and interposed or placed in the circuit between the
generator or source of supply of electric energy and the translating device or
devices in such a manner as to reduce and regulate the tension of the current

page_text: admitted to one or more of the translating devices placed in the circuit therewith
and the employment in one or more charging or discharging circuits or any
combination of them of one or more induction or condensing devices adapted to
operate as tension regulators.
Twenty sixth. A system or apparatus (either portable or stationary or both) for
distributing electric energy having a series of independent electric reservoirs
accumulators magazines or conserving and regulating devices so constructed and
arranged and connected with the generating and storage source or either of them
as to provide for the transmission and utilization of electric currents of different
tension in or throughout the system and having one or more induction or condensing
devices in one or more charging or discharging circuits.
Twenty seventh. The mode or method herein described of providing distributing
or utilizing electric currents of different tension at or from different points or
places in or throughout a system or apparatus for distributing electric energy.
Twenty eighth. The mode or method berein described of providing distributing
or utilizing electric currents of different tension at or from one or more different
points or places in the system or apparatus irrespective of the tension of the
current produced by or transmitted from one or more of the generators or stores of
electric energy or from all or any of the same, by the employment of one or more
induction or condensing devices adapted to operate as tension regulators.
Twenty ninth. An apparatus or system for distributing electricity for propelling
vehicles on railways tramways and the like wherein there is employed one or
more accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines connected to or
combined with conductors extending along the line in such manner that an electric
motor or motors mounted upon such vehicles may be placed in or out of the circuit
from or including the said accumulator storage battery electric reservoir or
magazine or a series of the same and wherein there is employed one or more
induction or condensing devices adapted to operate as tension regulators or
convertors in the electrical circuit to or from the device or devices for conserving
or holding in reserve the electric energy.
Thirtieth. An apparatus or system for distributing electricity for propelling
vehicles on railways tramways or the like wherein there is employed one or more
accumulators storage batteries electric reservoirs or magazines for conserving either
partially or entirely the electric energy produced by a generator or generators
during the time that vehicles or trains are not being propelled over an electrical
section supplied from the said generator or generators and the conserving device
or devices or either of them or during the time that the consumption of electric
energy is not equal to the generation or conservation of the energy produced for
or capable of being transmitted to such section and wherein there is employed one
or more induction or condensing devices adapted or to operate as tension regulators
or converters in the electrical circuit to or from the device or devices for conserving
or holding in reserve the electric energy for the purposes specified.
Thirty first-An apparatus or system wherein there is employed one or more
thermo electric dynamo electric or magneto electric generators so constructed as to
generate electricity in quantity or with low electro motive force and one or more
induction or condensing devices constructed and arranged in such a manner as to
convert the current of low tension from the said generator or generators into a
current of high tension and transmit the current thus increased in tension through
one or more discharging circuits or through the mains branches and sub branches
either directly to the translating devices or to one or more devices for conserving
storing or accumulating electric energy at some distant station or stations place or
places substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Thirty second: An apparatus or system for generating storing distributing and
utilizing electric energy in which the electric energy is conveyed from one or more
generating sources with or without one or more primary electric reservoirs to one
or more distant points or stations where one or more electric reservoirs are placed
or from one set of electric reservoirs situated at a distance from each other through

page_text: one or more conductors of lighter section than would be required providing such
electric reservoirs were not employed in the system and in which system one or
more induction or condensing devices are adapted to operate as tension regulators
or convertors or current transmittors in one or more charging or discharging circuits
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Thirty third-The method of transmitting electric energy to one or more
distant points places or stations where one or more electric reservoirs are placed so
as to conserve the electric energy at one or more points places or stations as set
forth in the preceding claim whereby I regulate the supply and tension of the
current passing from the said reservoirs to the discharging or translating circuits
or to one or more translating devices in such circuits substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
Thirty fourth-In an apparatus or system for generating and distributing
electricity the application and use of one or more accumulators storage batteries
electric reservoirs or magazines connected to or combined with one or more therino
electric generators in such a manner as to provide for the conservation or
accumulation of the electric energy produced by the said generator or generators
or to decrease or stop the consumption of fuel to regulate the application of heat
to the elements or pairs of the said generator or generators or to otherwise decrease
or stop the generation of electric currents the tension of the current in one or
more charging or discharging circuits either to or from the device for conserving or
accumulating such energy being converted or regulated by one or more induction
or condensing devices substantially as set forth and for the purposes specified.
Thirty fifth-The method of increasing the tension of the current from a
thermo electric generator or from a storage battery charged thereby in one or more
charging or discharging circuits by the employment of one or more induction
devices adapted to operate substantially as set forth.
Thirty sixth-The method of constructing an electrical machine by building
up or forming one or more of the elements of such machine by the deposition of
metal by fusion or otherwise upon a metal frame or base with or without insulation
between the two metals or parts or between the magnetic and non-magnetic metal
or upon an insulating base.
Thirty seventh-An electrical machine having an armature built up or formed
of inducting plates bars sections or continuous or sectional inducing surfaces or
parte such inductive parts being formed by deposition substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
Thirty eighth-An armature or part consisting of an inductive metal surface
or surfaces deposited upon a plate or forms (magnetic or otherwise) and adapted to
provide for being moved in proximity to polar extensions of electro magnet or
magnets arranged on one or both sides of the armature or at the periphery thereof
or both and adapted to operate substantially as set forth.
Thirty ninth-The application or use in an electrical system of distribution for
lighting heating or motive power or for the purposes of locomotion or for any or
all such purposes of one or more electrical machines built up or formed and
adapted to operate substantially as set forth with reference to the drawings.
-
Fortieth The application or use in an electrical system of distribution of one
or more electrical machines arranged and adapted to operate substantially as set
forth with reference to Figures 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Stokes Williams have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Thirtieth day of September in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two: