IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN SHANKS, of Tubal Foundry, Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction of waterclosets,
and to obtain compactness and strength, with a lessened number of joints and
separate parts.
My Invention is applicable to waterclosets with what are known as Bramah
discharge valves or with similar valves; and a watercloset made with my improve-
ments may be provided with a single discharge valve, or with two discharge
valves.
The basin can be made either in metal or earthenware and where made of
porcelain or other fine material it is by preference enclosed to a greater or less
extent in an outer metal casing and this casing is connected to the metal trunk
below by a spigot-and-faucet joint the spigot being formed on the upper casing,
or the casing and trunk may be made entirely in one. Where the watercloset
is made of metal or strong earthenware such as fire clay the basin and trunk may
be made entirely in one.. A slit or manhole door being provided in the trunk to
admit of the insertion of the outlet valve. An overflow passage made with a trap
bend is formed in the material of the basin or between the basin and the inside of
the casing or entirely in the casing. A hole is formed in the top of this overflow
passage for the purpose of allowing it to be cleaned.
The inlet is attached to a pocket or jacketed space or hollow rim made either in
the basin or between the basin and casing or in the casing itself the water first
filling either of these spaces and when the handle is let go the water for the after
service to partly fill the basin flows from either of these spaces through small
holes made for the purpose. A small hole from the pocket or rin into the overflow
passage allows water to pass into the trap bend of this passage for the purpose of
always keeping it clean and full every time the closet is used.
Controbow 10OK
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent,
Per pro. David Ferguson.

page_text: I, JOHN SHANKS, of Tubal Foundry, Barrhead, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that to say :-
.
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction of waterclosets,
and to obtain compactness and strength, with a lessened number of joints and
Beparate parts.
My Invention is applicable to waterclosets with what are known as Bramah
discharge valves, or with similar valves; and a watercloset made with my improve-
ments may be provided with a single discharge valve, or with two discharge
valves.
The basin can be made either in nietal or earthenware, and when made of
porcelain or other fine earthenware it is by preference enclosed to a greater or less
extent in an outer metal casing jointed to the trunk or valve casing below; or the
casing and trunk may be made in one piece. When the basin is made of metal or
strong earthenware such as fireclay, the basin and trunk may be made entirely in
one piece, a slit or door being provided in the trunk part to admit of the insertion
of the discharge valve. My Invention comprises other improved details which are
hereinafter described with the aid of an accompanying sheet of explanatory
drawings.
Figure, 1, of the drawings is a side elevation of a watercloset basin as made of
strong earthenware or metal according to my Invention. Figure, 2, is a vertical
section of one modification of my improved watercloset apparatus with a single
discharge valve; and figure, 3, is a vertical section of another modification as
provided with two discharge valves. In these drawings the same reference
numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
The watercloset basin, 4, shown in figure, 1, has formed in the same piece with
it an overflow passage, 5, made with a trap bend, 6, and with an open top to
facilitate cleaning whilst there is also a plugged opening, 7, at the bottom of the
bend for the same purpose. The basin, 4, has also formed in the same piece with
it a water supply passage, 8, extending from the top of the basin to the lower
part and there formed with a horn, 9, for the convenient attachment of the water.
supply pipe.
In the modification shown in figure, 2, the basin, 4, is cemented inside of a cast-
iron casing, 10, which is attached by a horizontal flanged joint, 11, to the castiron
trunk, 12. The overflow passage, o, is formed between the basin, 4, and casing, 10,
a cleaning opening fitted with a plug, 13, being formed at the top, whilst the
trap, 6, is formed in the trunk casting, 12, a cleaning opening with a cover, 7,
being provided at the lowest part of it. The upper casing, 10, is formed with
a cell or chamber, 14, into which the water supply first enters directly from a
supply valve, 15, or by a pipe from an overhead cistern; and the water passes
from the top of this cell, 14, into the basin either through an opening covered by
a shield, 16, or through a hollow rim. There is however also a small passage, 17,

page_text: leading from the bottom of the cell, 14, into the lower part of the basin; and
after the valves are closed the water remaining in the cell, 14, passes through the
passage, 17, into the basin and forms the after service or supply for filling the basin
up to the proper level. An opening with a cover, 18, is formed at the upper part
of the cell, 14, to give access to the communication between the top of the cell and
the basin.
In the example shown in figure, 3, two parts are modified. The upper casing, 10,
and the trunk, 12, are made together in one piece; and there are two discharge
valves, 19, 20, as required when the watercloset is to be fitted in a ship. It is
however to be understood that a watercloset with one discharge valve may have
the upper casing and trunk in one piece; whilst the two discharge valves may be
applied when the watercloset is constructed otherwise as shown in figure, 2.
A door, 21, is fitted to the side of the trunk 12 (figure, 3,) to allow of the
valves 19, 20, and their seats being introduced and fitted in their places.
Having now particularly. described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The making of watercloset basins in the improved manner substantially as
herein before described with reference to figure, 1, of the accompanying drawings.
2. The constructing and combining together of parts of watercloset apparatus
in the improved manner substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
figure, 2, of the accompanying drawings.
3. The constructing and combining together of parts of watercloset apparatus, in
the improved manner substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
figure, 3, of the accompanying drawings.
4. The forming of a cell or compartment (14) in the external casing (10) of a
watercloset basin to receive the water supply and with a suitable opening at the
top into the basin for the main flush or service and a small passage at the bottom
for the after service substantially as hereinbefore described.
Datad this twenty sirth day of May 1900
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.