IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ARTICLES OF PORCELAIN. AND OTHER EARTHENWARE GLASS AND ENAMEL TO PRODUCE VARIOUS EFFECTS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Probert Evans Manager and Secretary of the
Worcester Royal Porcelain Company Limited of the Royal Porcelain Works
in the City of Worcester and Satnuel Ranford of the College Precincts in
the said City of Worcester Decorator, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING ARTICLES OF PORCELAIN. AND OTHER EARTHENWARE GLASS
AND ENAMEL TO PRODUCE VARIOUS EFFECTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Probert Evans and
Samuel Ranford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
October 1883.
EDWARD PROBERT EVANS, Manager and Secretary of the Worcester Royal
Porcelain Company Limited, of the Royal Porcelain Works in the City of
Worcester and SAMUEL RANFORD of the College Precincts in the said City of
Worcester, Decorator, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ARTICLES OF PORCELAIN
AND OTHER EARTHENWARE GLASS AND ENAMEL TO PRODUCE VARIOUS EFFECTS."
In the decoration of porcelain and other ceramic ware it has been commonly
the practice to obtain various and beautiful effects by the production of bronzes
by making mixtures of metals and colours (or colouring matters technically known
as colours) and great art and skill is shown by some ceramic decorators in employing
these materials to produce the effects sought. But the range, certainly of variety
beauty of result and economy of these processes and manipulations has been
limited and not entirely satisfactory.
The objects of the invention are to increase the range of decorative design for
Porcelain and earthen-, glass-, and enamel-wares, so as to enable beautiful and
novel effects to be obtained, not before attainable, with greater certainty of result
and economy in the manufacture of such decorated goods and the particular
effects we are enabled to attain by our process are the transparent metallic effects
of the decoration hereafter more fully described.

page_text: "
In carrying our invention thus into practical effect we first take the ware to be
decorated in a glazed or unglazed state according to the particular development of
the art in view. We then apply to the whole of the surface of the ware or only
to a certain part of it or to predetermined parts as may be desired a suitable
"colour " or colours" which colours when fired on the ware form the base for the
application of Gold or other metal, such gold or other metal being so prepared
with an equal or other proportion of "fat oil" oil of spike lavender, aniseed oil or
such oil of similar properties as will serve the purpose as to give a transparent or
other effect on the colors such as will harmonise or contrast best with the various
decorations of Porcelain or other ware mentioned.
-As an illustration we may instance where we will suppose a Peacock Green to
be the colour we employ to attain a Green bronze. We first take (say a piece of
glazed ware of china, color the particular part peacock green and then after firing
treat that with Gold or other metal and then it is "sanded" producing the
transparent metallic effect sought.
The particular color employed will however vary with the nature of the effect
in view of accomplishment.
In the use of certain base or ground colours the "firing" above mentioned
before the application of the Gold or other metal may be dispensed with.
The color, or colors, for the base of the prepared metals on the ware to be
decorated thereby may be obtained by using ware produced in colored bodies, or
ware glazed with colored glazes and the Gold or other prepared metal is applied
on the colored body of the ware or on the colored glaze thereof and then the
ware so treated is sanded producing effects of a similar character and capable of
like variety to those produced as previously described.
Effects such as those we are able to obtain by our process herein described have
not before been realized and are capable of strikingly beautiful and harmonious
development in the arts to which they pertain.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Probert Evans and Samuel Ranford in the Patent Office
on the 16th April 1884.
"
EDWARD PROBERT EVANS Manager and Secretary of the Worcester Royal
Porcelain Company Limited, of the Royal Porcelain Works in the City of
Worcester and SAMUEL RANFORD of the College Precincts in the said City of
Worcester Decorator. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ARTICLES OF PORCELAIN
AND OTHER EARTHENWARE, GLASS AND ENAMEL TO PRODUCE VARIOUS EFFECTS.
In the decoration of porcelain and other ceramic ware it has been commonly the
practice to obtain various and beautiful effects by the production of bronzes by
making mixtures of metals and colours (or coloring matters technically known as
colours) and great art and skill is shown by some ceramic decorators in employing
these materials to produce the effects sought. But the range of variety, beauty,
certainty of result, and economy of these processes and manipulations has been
limited and not entirely satisfactory.
The objects of the invention are to increase the range of decorative design for
Porcelain and earthen- glass- and enamel-wares so as as to enable beautiful and
novel effects to be obtained not before attainable with greater certainty of result
and economy in the manufacture of such decorated goods and the particular effects
we are enabled to attain by our process are the transparent metallic effects of the
decoration hereafter more fully described. In carrying our invention thus into
practical effect we first take the ware to be decorated in a glazed or unglazed state
according to the particular development of the art in view. We then apply to the
whole of the surface of the ware or only to a certain part of it or to predetermined
parts as may be desired a suitable "colour" or "colours" which colours when fired
on the ware form the base for the application of Gold, "Bronze" (or what is
technically known as bronze) or other metal, such gold or other metal being so
prepared with an equal or other proportion of "fat oil," oil of spike, lavender,
Aniseed oil, or such oil of similar properties as will serve the purpose and so
applied as that such gold or other metal shall after it has been again fired and then
sanded, give a transparent or other effect on the colors such as will harmonise or
contrast best with the various decorations of Porcelain or other ware mentioned.
As an illustration we may instance where we will suppose a Peacock Green to be
the colour we employ to attain a Green bronze. We first take (say a piece of
glazed ware of china,) colour the particular part peacock green and then after firing,
treat that part with Gold or other metal and then it is "sanded" producing the
transparent metallic effect sought.
The particular color employed will however vary with the nature of the effect in
view of accomplishment
In the use of certain base or ground colors, the "firing" above mentioned before
the application of the Gold or other metal may be dispensed with.
The color or colors for the base of the prepared metals on the ware to be
decorated thereby may be obtained by using ware produced in colored bodies, or
ware glazed with colored glazes and the Gold or other prepared metal is applied on
the colored body of the ware or on the colored glaze thereof and then the ware so
treated is "sanded," producing effects of a similar character and capable of like
variety to those produced as previously described.
Effects such as those we are able to obtain by our process herein described have
not before been realized and are capable of strikingly beautiful and harmonious
development in the arts to which they pertain.

page_text: Having thus described our invention and the manner of carrying the same into
practical effect we would have it understood that what we claim is,
The Improvements in treating articles of Porcelain and other Earthenware glass
and Enamel to produce various decorative effects thereon substantially as herein bet
forth.
In witness whereof we the said Edward Probert Evans and Samuel Ranford
have hereunto set our hands and seals this tenth day of April in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
EDWARD PROBERT EVANS (LS)
SAMUEL RANFORD.
(L.S.)