IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MA- CHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MA-
CHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING."- -A communication from abroad
by Richard March Hoc, of New York City, in the United States
of America.
Sealed the 5th January 1872, and dated the 12th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th July 1871.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MA-
CHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING," to be as follows :-
tr
:-
This Invention relates principally to that class of printing machinery
in which the impression is made from cylindrical printing surface on a
long continuous web or length of paper which is afterwards cut up or

page_text: divided into separate sheets, and may also, if required, be folded ready
for sale.
The principal object of the several improvements hereafter referred
to is to economize time and labour as much as possible in printing news-
papers. To this end (if it be intended to print on both sides of the
paper in the same machine) curved stereotype plates are secured on
the printing cylinders in the ordinary manner, and thereby form the
printing surfaces, and two copies of one set of stereotype plates are
secured to two separate cylinders so as to constitute duplicates, and
there will then in fact be three printing cylinders. Two of these stereo-
type cylinders are mounted above each other in the same vertical
plane with an impression cylinder between them. The other printing
cylinder is placed some distance from the others and has an impression
cylinder above it and another below it, so that it will be between two
impression cylinders.
Inking apparatus provided with suitable distributing and inking
rollers is adapted to each printing cylinder, and is made adjustable in
its several parts, so that the quantity of ink supplied to the form
or printing surface may be regulated with accuracy according to the
character of the work. The several inking apparatus, or at any rate
some of them, must be mounted in rocking frames or on slides, so
that they may with facility be removed from the printing cylinders in
order to allow of access being obtained to the latter when required,
or the top impression cylinder may be arranged so as to be readily raised
or moved to give easy access to the type cylinder. This machine may
be extended to print on an additional roll of paper, for which purpose
another impression cylinder and another type cylinder must be added.
The paper is made in the form of a long continuous web, and is wound
upon a spindle or roller which turns in bearings in the framing of the
machine. One of such rolls of paper is placed at each end of the
machine, and the two lengths of paper are drawn off the roll at each
end and are passed through the machine in opposite directions, each of
the lengths of paper passing under one printing cylinder and over
another, so that each length in its passage through the machine
becomes printed on both sides. By thus printing on long continuous
webs of paper I am enabled to dispense with some of the usual tapes
which are required for supporting the paper in ordinary printing
machines; a considerable economy of cost in construction of the machine

page_text: will therefore be the result, and all manual labour for feeding in the
paper may be dispensed with. Several hundred impressions of the type
may thus be taken on one length of paper, and in order to continue the
printing operation, on arriving at the end of the paper additional rolls
of paper are provided, which must be joined at their ends, so that the
printing may be continuous without stopping the machine to introduce
a fresh roll of paper. This is effected by applying to the end of the
new roll of paper across its width a coating of gum or some other
suitable adhesive material, whereby the end of one length of paper may
be connected with another. The strip of adhesive material across the
paper may be of any convenient width, say from two to eight inches.
The roll of paper thus prepared is suspended in bearings in a rocking
frame placed convenient to the nearly expended roll, and just before
the end of the first roll is drawn from its spindle the gummed end of
the second roll is pressed up against it and made to adhere, so that the
two rolls will be joined together, and the end of the first roll will draw
the paper from the second into the machine without stopping the
motions of the various parts. The spindle of the expended roll may
then be removed from the machine, and the new roll put in its place.
When the paper has received an impression on each side, it passes
from the last printing cylinder between two cutting cylinders, one of
which is provided with a long knife, serrated blade, or other cutting
tool, which partially or entirely divides the paper across and cuts it
into sheets, which when completely separated are carried forward to a
vibrating fly frame, whereby the separate sheets are deposited in one
or more piles or heaps by the fly frame or by tapes arranged for the
purpose.
In machines which are to be driven at very high speeds, and when
the paper used for printing is thin or weak in texture it is found
desirable to use a double fly frame or two frames placed back to back
and operating alternately or separately. Two sheets may be brought
down together to the fly frames, which may therefore be worked slower
than heretofore.
Instead of depositing the printed sheets in one or more piles it may.
be convenient to carry them forward to a folding apparatus so as to fold
them ready for sale. When this is required the vibrating fly frames
are dispensed with and the sheets are conducted direct from the cutting

page_text: rollers to a pair of folding rollers. The central part of the sheet is by
means of a vibrating blade forced down to the bite of these rollers which
form the first fold, and carry it down to another pair of rollers placed
vertically and also provided with a vibrating blade or other equivalent
device for pushing the single folded sheet to the bite of these second a
rollers, whereby it is folded a second time at right angles to the first
fold, and is then carried forward to a third pair of rollers, whereby it is
folded again, and is ultimately conducted out of the machine and piled
up ready for delivery.
By constructing and arranging the several parts of the machine in
this manner it will be understood that the long length of paper passes
into the machine and is printed on both sides, it is then cut up or
divided into separate sheets which may either be piled in one or more
heaps, or they may be previously folded and then piled ready for sale.
All these operations are performed automatically and in regular succession
in the machine without the aid of manual labour.
If desired a machine constructed on the same principle may be made
with only one printing or type cylinder but capable of printing simul-
taneously on one side only of two or more long lengths or webs of paper,
an inking apparatus being employed for every impression that is taken
from the type cylinders.
The type cylinders and the impression cylinders of the perfecting
machine above described are all mounted in adjustable bearings provided
with screws, cams, or other analogous devices whereby they may be
removed from contact with each other when the machine is not in action.
If preferred only the outer cylinders of the series may be capable of
being lifted, and guides or margin rollers may be employed to keep the
paper from contact with the type cylinders during any temporary
stoppage of the machine.
It is well known that the paper should be damped preparatory to
printing and that the humidity should be as uniform as possible.
throughout the paper so as to produce uniformity in the impression.
To ensure this the paper should be damped some hours before use, and
the water should be applied in regulated quantities and as uniformly
as possible. To this end the long length or web of paper to be damped
or wetted is wound on a roller which is placed in bearings in the wetting
machine, and on being drawn from the roll is brought in contact with
and is pressed against a damping roller which is covered with cloth or

page_text: some absorbent material which will retain a certain amount of moisture.
This roller is wetted by means of a fountain roller or by causing it to
run in a trough of water, and the superabundant water is pressed out
by means of a doctor roller, scraper, or other analogous device being
5 made to bear against the absorbent surface of the damping roller before
the paper comes in contact with it. When the paper has received its
required amount of moisture it is wound tightly on another roller and
is allowed to remain some hours before it is placed in the printing
machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING,”
being a communication to me from abroad by Richard March Hoe, of
New York City, in the United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates principally to that class of printing machinery
in which the impression is made from cylindrical printing surfaces on
to a long continuous web or length of paper which is afterwards cut
up or divided into separate sheets, and may also if required be folded
ready for sale.
The principal object of the several improvements hereafter referred
to is to economize time and labor as much as possible in printing
newspapers. To this end (if it be intended to print on both sides of the
paper in the same machine) curved stereotype plates are secured on three
printing cylinders in the ordinary manner so as to form the printing
surfaces. Two copies of one set of stereotype plates are secured to two
separate cylinders so as to constitute duplicates. A convenient mode of
arranging these stereotype cylinders which carry the duplicate stereo-
type plates is to mount them above each other in the same vertical
plane, but with an impression cylinder between them.
The printing
cylinder carrying the other set of stereotype plates is placed some
distance from the former, and has an impression cylinder placed above
it and another below it, so that it will be between two impression
cylinders.
In Sheets I. and II. of the accompanying Drawings a perfecting
printing machine constructed and arranged in the manner above
described is shewn; Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a side elevation, and Fig. 2,
Sheet II., a plan view of the same.
A¹, A¹, are two cylinders, each carrying a copy of one set of stereotype
plates attached to the cylinder in the usual manner by clamps. B is
an impression or blanket cylinder mounted between them in the same
vertical line; As is a cylinder carrying the other set of stereotype
plates; and B¹ and B are two impression or blanket cylinders mounted
above and below it in the same vertical line and at a sufficient distance
from the other cylinders to admit of the interposition of inking apparatus

page_text: and other accessories. All these cylinders are mounted in bearings
carried by the side frames C of the machine, the bearings of the central
cylinders of each series having a flange by which they are firmly secured
to the side frames C by means of screws as shewn. D, D, D, D³, are
four sets of inking apparatus provided for inking the several printing
cylinders. The inking apparatus D is arranged to ink the plates of the
cylinder A and the apparatus D' those of the printing cylinder A. The
inking apparatus D2 and D³ are arranged one on each side of the printing
cylinder A² in order to ink the stereotype plates of this cylinder twice
for the purpose of obtaining two impressions therefrom.
Each of these inking apparatus consists of inking rollers d, dis-
tributing cylinders d', carrying roller d², ink fountain roller d³, and
ink fountain d*.
'
All these several parts are made adjustable so that the quantity of
ink supplied to the form or printing surface may be regulated with
accuracy according to the character of the work to be done. These
several inking apparatus are mounted on rocking frames or on slides so
that they may with facility be removed from the printing cylinders in
order to allow of access being obtained to the latter when required for
the attachment of the stereotype plates to or their removal from the
cylinders, and also to remove the inking rollers from contact with the
stereotype plates upon the cylinders whilst the machine is at rest. For
this purpose the side frames (carrying the inking apparatus D, D',) are
pivotted at one end to the main frame of the machine, and at their
other ends are carried by the adjusting screws E, E¹. The forked ends
of both side frames of the two inking apparatus D and D' bear on stud
axles projecting from the nuts of the adjusting screws E, E¹; F, F, are
horizontal shafts provided with bevil wheels which gear with bevil
wheels on the ends of the said screws E, E'. On turning either of the
hand wheels G, G, at the ends of the shafts F, F, the inking apparatus.
D or D¹ may be raised or lowered as desired. The inking apparatus D
and D of the other cylinder A² are mounted on slides, and are made
capable of a backward and forward movement, and horizontal shafts.
F, F, are mounted on the bed plate or frame C*, and severally carry a
pinion or pinions d³ gearing with a rack or racks de cast upon the frame
of the inking apparatus or slide. By turning this shaft and pinion ď
the inking apparatus may be advanced up to or withdrawn from the
printing cylinder A². If greater facilities of access to this cylinder be

page_text: required the top impression cylinder B³ may be removed on taking off
the cap of the bearing.
The paper intended to be used in this machine is made in the form
of a long continuous web, and is wound upon a spindle or roller. Two
of such rolls are placed in this machine, as shewn at H, H, and are
carried one at each end of the machine in bracket bearings attached
to the frame. The two lengths of paper are drawn off the rolls H
and Hat each end of the machine, and are passed through the machine
in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows. Each of the lengths
of paper passes under one of the printing cylinders and over another.
The web of paper H passes first over a guide roller I into the machine
and over the stereotype cylinder A, where it receives its first impression
on its under side, from thence it passes on to and under the stereotype
cylinder A², where it receives an impression on its upper side, and from
thence it is conducted to the cutting and folding apparatus. The web
of paper H¹ in like manner is led in but from the opposite end of the
machine over the stereotype cylinder A², and under the stereotype
cylinder A', so that each web or length of paper in its passage through
the machine becomes printed on both sides. By thus printing on long
continuous webs of paper some of the usual tapes which are required
for supporting the paper in ordinary printing machines are dispensed
with, and a considerable economy of cost in construction of the machine
will therefore be the result, and also all the manual labour ordinarily
employed in feeding in the paper may be dispensed with. Several
hundred impressions of the type may thus be taken on one length of
paper, and in order to continue the printing operation (on arriving at
the end of the paper) additional rolls of paper are provided, which
must be joined at their ends so that the printing may be continuous
without stopping the machine in order to introduce a fresh roll of paper.
These two additional rolls of paper H2 and H³ are carried in slotted
or forked bearings ½ in the outer ends of the arms or levers H* and H³
of a pair of rocking frames. The right hand rocking frame is pivotted
on the bed plate at the foot of the frame of the machine, and the left
hand rocking frame upon the top of the frame. To the axle of each
of these rocking frames is keyed a sector rack ¹, which is operated
by worms ³ actuated by a hand wheel ³. The ends of the new or
additional rolls of paper must be previously prepared by applying
across their width a coating of gum (or some other suitable adhesive
material) of any convenient width (say from two to eight inclics), so

page_text: that the two lengths may be joined together in the following manner :
The end of the new or additional roll of paper (thus prepared and
suspended in readiness in the bearings of the rocking levers H* or H³,
as shown by dots) is drawn from its spindle, and its gummed end is
pressed by the attendant up against the nearly expended roll of paper
and made to adhere thereto, so that the two rolls will be joined together,
and the end of the first roll will draw the paper from the second into the
machine without stopping the motions of the various parts. The spindle
of the expended roll of paper H or H' may then be removed from the
machine, and the new roll H2 or H³ lowered into its place by operating
the rocking frames or levers H' or H³,. as the case may be, by means
of the toothed sectors through the worms h³ and hand wheels ³ as
before described. When the new roll has been lowered into the fixed
bearing from which the spindle of the expended roll has just been
removed, the cotter h may be pulled out from the forked end of the
rocking lever H' or H³, and this lever may be then returned to its
former place ready to receive other additional rolls to be in readiness to
follow in succession into the machine when required. When the webs
of paper have (in passing through the machine in opposite directions
in the manner described) received an impression on each side they
pass from the last printing cylinder of each series into and between
one of two pairs of cutting cylinders J, J, and J', J', situated in close
proximity to the printing cylinders at both ends of the machine, where
they are mounted in adjustable bearings similar to the printing cylinders.
One of each pair of these cutting cylinders is provided with a long
knife or serrated blade, similar to those shewn and described in the
Patent granted to me, and dated Eleventh December One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3582, or other kinds of cutting tools may
be employed for this purpose, which will either partially or entirely
divide the paper across and cut it into sheets.
The webs of paper
(whether partially or entirely severed into sheets)
printing machine, and enter between the tapes k and carried by the
tape rollers K, K', and L, L', which tapes carry them forward to a folding
apparatus in order to fold them ready for sale.
issue out of the
In Sheet III. Fig. 3 represents a side elevation of the folding
mechanism and the right hand end of the printing machine (also in
elevation) to which the folding apparatus is connected. It will be under-
stood that the left hand end of the machine must be provided with a

page_text: similar apparatus for folding the lower web of paper H as it issues from
the cutting cylinders J', J', and enters the tape rollers K³, L², but as
they would be in all respects alike the connection of the folding
apparatus and the printing machine together and its operation is shewn
and described with reference only to the right hand end of the machine.
Fig. 4, Sheet IV., is a sectional elevation or end view on the line
1, 2, of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow, and Figures 5 and 6,
Sheet V., shew the flyer in elevation and plan. The web of paper H' as
it issues from the cutting cylinders J, J, (partially severed or perforated)
is nipped by the rollers K and L as it passes between them, the two
rollers being held close together by means of springs or otherwise.
These rollers, which are to be driven at the same peripheral speed as
the cutting and printing cylinders, will carry the paper on towards the
rollers M and N, and on the webs of paper entering between the
taped rollers M and N (which are in similar manner held in close
contact and intended to be driven at a greatly increased speed) the
web of paper will be entirely separated at the part where it was partially
severed by the cutting operation, which part will have passed the rollers
K and L before the opposite end of the sheet has reached the rollers M
and N. The sheets of paper thus separated are carried rapidly forward
on to the table P of the folding apparatus, the tapes K and L being
set by means of the rollers K¹, L', somewhat apart to facilitate the oxit
of the severed sheets. The sheets are stopped by the stop p, one half
of the sheet being supported between the tapes m and n, the other upon
the table P of the folding apparatus. This folding apparatus consists
of one pair of horizontal rollers O, O, and two pairs of inclined rollers
Q, Q, and R, R, mounted in bearings in the framing C¹ of the machine
at right angles to each other. Vibrating knives S, S¹, S², are provided
to make the successive folds in the paper in the manner well known or
similar to that described in a Patent granted to me and dated Eleventh
of December One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3582.
These folding knives are operated by the rocking shafts T, U, and V from
the cam shaft W at the end of the machine. The knife S (carried by
the arm T¹ from the rock shaft T) is operated by a suitably shaped cam
on the shaft W through the arm T%.
arm U¹ from the rocking shaft U is
by means of the arm U2 and link U³.
V₁ of the rocking shaft V in like
-
The knife S' carried by the vibrating
rocked by a cam on the cam shaft
The knife S² carried by the arm
manner is operated through the

page_text: arm V2 and link V³ from the cam shaft W. The central part of the
sheet as it arrives into its position on the table of the folding machine
is struck by the vibrating blade S, and forced down to the bite of the
rollers O, O, which form the first fold, and carry it down to the next
pair of rollers Q, Q, mounted and rotating at right angles thereto but
inclined downwards. When the folded paper has slidden down to the
stop q it is struck by the second vibrating blade S'. The single folded
sheet is then pushed into the bite of the second pair of rollers Q, Q, in
passing between and through which it is folded a second time at right
angles to the first fold, and is then carried downwards in front of the
third pair of rollers R, R, to the stop r, and is there struck by the knife
S2 and forced into the bite of these rollers, whereby it is folded again
in passing between them and falls in front of the flyer X (mounted on
the rocking shaft X'), by which the folded papers will be piled up on
the table Y in the manner represented in Figures 5 and 6, Sheet V.,
ready for delivery. Motion is communicated from any prime mover
to the main driving pulley Z of the printing machine. This pulley is
carried upon a shaft Z', one end of which is supported in bearing on
a frame or standard secured to the floor. Its opposite end is carried
in a bearing on a wall plate as seen best in the plan view, Fig. 2, Sheet
II. This driving shaft carries a spur wheel 1 and transmits its motion
to the spur wheels 2 and 3 keyed on the outer ends of the shafts A³
and B of the central cylinders A³ and B of the right and left hand
series of the printing machine. These shafts A and B are prolonged
from the central cylinders A and B of the machine to the wall, and
are there supported in bearings carried by a wall plate. The two series
of printing and impression cylinders are geared together (within the
framing C of the machine) by the spur wheels 6, 6, 6, (keyed on their
respective shafts) the direction of their motion being indicated by
arrows in Figure 1. The cutting cylinders J, J, Figure 1, are driven
by the spur wheel 4 on the shaft B³ gearing with the spur wheel 5 on
the upper cutting cylinder J, both cutting cylinders being also geared
together by the spur wheels 6. The left hand cutting cylinders J¹, J',
are geared in a similar manner except that the spur wheel 4 is keyed
on the shaft of the cylinder B¹ in order to admit of ready access to the
inking apparatus. All the several groups of inking apparatus are
driven by gearing similar to that of the group D' (shewn in red lines
in Figure 1), that is, their motion is derived from the spur wheel of
their respective stereotype cylinders by means of the intermediate wheel

page_text: 7 and the gearing 8, 9, 10. The distributing cylinders are vibrated by
horizontal or vertical levers operated by a cam d* (see Figures 1 and 2)
on the shaft of the distributing roller d₁* or in any other convenient
manner.
The cam shaft W, Figure 3, of the folding apparatus receives its
motion from the horizontal shaft W₁ by bevil gear wheels 11, 11, and
this shaft is geared with the shaft of the central impression cylinder B³
by the bevil wheels 12, 12, as shown in Figure 2, Sheet II., and by blue
lines in Figures 1 and 3, Sheets I. and III. The rollers O and O¹ of the
folding apparatus are driven by a band from the pulley W2 on the cam
shaft W. The roller O'¹ is geared by spur gear (see Figure 4, Sheet IV.)
with the roller O and also mounted on the frame with an elastic pressure
bearing. The rollers Q, Q, which are also geared together receive their
motion from a pulley on the end of the inclined shaft Ws by the band
W* and the rollers R, R, by the bevil gear wheels 13 from the same shaft.
The inclined shaft W³ is geared with the cam shaft W by the bevil
wheels 14. The flyer X when one is used for laying the folded sheets
on to the table Y may be operated by means of its shaft X' in the
usual manner. By constructing and arranging the several parts of the
machine in this manner it will be understood that the long length
of paper passes into the machine and is printed on both sides, it is
then cut up or divided into separate sheets, which may be allowed to
pass to the folding apparatus and be folded, and then piled ready for
sale on the table Y as before mentioned. All these operations are
performed automatically and in regular succession in the machine
without the aid of manual labour.
This arrangement of printing machine may be extended to print on
an additional roll of paper in the manner shewn in the diagram Figure 7,
Sheet VI. HI is the additional roll of paper, B* another impression
cylinder, and A* another printing cylinder. Cutting rollers J*, J*,
together with the requisite additional sets of inking apparatus must
be added.
It will be evident that if desired a machine constructed on the
same principle with only one printing or type cylinder may be made
to print simultaneously two or more long lengths or webs of paper on a
one side only, the two webs of paper being made to travel in opposite
directions, and an inking apparatus being employed for every impression
that is taken from the type cylinder.

page_text: Figure 8, Sheet VI., is a diagram of a modification in the arrangement
of a perfecting printing machine intended to print simultaneously on
both sides of one or more webs of paper, and to cut them into separate
sheets, to be afterwards folded if desired.
In this modification one of the impression or blanket cylinders B is
made three times the diameter of the printing cylinders, and the stereo-
type impression and cutting cylinders are set around it as shewn in
the diagram. A, A1, A2, A3, are the stereotype and printing cylinders;
B is the large impression or blanket cylinder around which the printing
and other impression cylinders are arranged; B1, B2, are also impression
or blanket cylinders of the same size as the printing cylinders; A, A',
H, H', shew the webs of paper entering the machine, and J, J, and J', J',
the cutting cylinders where it is delivered from the machine printed on
both sides, and separated into sheets in the way already explained in
reference to the other arrangement. Inking apparatus and other acces-
sories similar to those before described are applicable to this arrangement
with but the variation of their position.
In order to explain more clearly the arrangement and construction
of parts indicated in the diagram Figure 8, Sheet 6, I have shewn
at Fig. 9, Sheet 7, a machine arranged and fitted with apparatus
suitable for printing on both sides of one web of paper, it being of
course understood that all the working parts may (if desired) be dupli-
cated as indicated in the diagram, Figure 8, so as to print on two separate
webs of paper.
Figure 10 shews a detached view of the enlarged impression or
blanket cylinder in end clevation, and Figure 11 shews the same in
longitudinal section. A and A', Figure 9, are two stereotype cylinders
mounted in adjustable bearings in the frame C of the machine; B is
the enlarged impression or blanket cylinder, having its periphery divided
(as shown at Fig. 10) into three equal parts by slots extending the entire
width of the cylinder. Within the cylinder and immediately below
the slots or divisions are three recesses formed to receive three sets of
rollers b, b¹; the roller of each set has wound thereon a given
length of blanket, which is led up through the slot on the periphery of
the cylinder, and passes around one-third part of its circumference,
and in at the next slot in the periphery, where it is attached to the
axle of the roller b'. Outside the end of the cylinder is a ratchet wheel
6, and a pawl ³ is pivotted on the cylinder, so that when a number of

page_text: impressions have been taken from the type cylinder and the set off on
the blanket renders it desirable to move the blanket the machine is
stopped, and a key is put on the squared end of the axle of the
empty roller b', and the blanket is wound thereon, the pawl of the
roller being first lifted to loosen or free the roller. The two groups
of inking and distributing rollers are shewn at D, D', in Figure 9, and
are suitably arranged for inking the stereotype cylinders A and A. The
inking apparatus is provided with the requisite mechanism for giving
vibrating motion to the inking and distributing rollers, as will be clearly
understood. His the web of paper carried in bracket bearings on the
top of the machine, and H' is the additional roll or wcb of paper placed
in the slotted bearing H' in readiness to take the place of the roll H
when the latter is exhausted. The manner of working this part of
the machine has been already explained in reference to the machine
shewn in Figures 1 and 2. J and J are the cutting cylinders carried
in bearings on the machine. The requisite spur gear for driving this
arrangement is shewn in red lines in Figure 9. It will be obvious that.
a flyer of the ordinary description may be used for depositing the sepa-
rated sheets on a table as they are delivered from the cutting cylinders
in any of the machines before described, in place of carrying them
to the folding apparatus to be folded as described. In this case it will
be only necessary to completely separate the sheets and carry them
forward to a vibrating fly frame, whereby they will be deposited in one
or more piles or heaps in the well known manner usually adopted in
machines of this class.
.
In machines which are to be driven at very high speed, and when
the paper used for printing on is thin or weak in texture, it is found
desirable to use a double fly frame similar to that for which a Patent
was granted to me and dated 29th January 1862, No. 239, or two frames
placed back to back and operating alternately or separately may be
employed, and two sheets may be brought down together to the fly
frames, which may therefore be worked slower than heretofore.
It is well known that the paper should be damped preparatory to
printing, and that the humidity should be as uniform as possible through-
out the paper so as to produce uniformity in the impression. To ensure
this the paper should be damped some hours before use, and the water
should be applied in regulated quantities, and as uniformly as possible.
This is accomplished by means of the apparatus shewn in diagram,.

page_text: Figure 12, Sheet VI. The long length or web of paper to be damped
or wetted is wound on a roller which is placed in bearings in the'
wetting machine, and on being drawn from the roll A is brought in
contact with and passed between the damping rollers B, B, which are
covered with cloth or some absorbent material which will retain a certain
amount of moisture. This roller may be wetted by means of a fountain
roller, but in the Drawing it is shewn as running in a trough of water C,
and the superabundant water is pressed out by means of an adjustable
doctor roller B¹. This roller is mounted on the frame of the trough,
and is provided with a screw adjustment, whereby the roller B¹ may be
pressed with more or less force against the absorbent surface of the
damping roller B. By the doctor roller thus acting on or against the
absorbent surface of the damping roller before the paper comes in
contact with it the superfluous moisture is removed from the damping
roller and the paper therefore is not unduly wetted. A supply of
water is obtained for the top side of the paper from the perforated
pipe D which may be regulated by a cock or tap. When the paper
has received its required amount of moisture it is wound tightly on
another roller E, and is allowed to remain some hours before it is placed
in the printing machine.
Figure 13 represents a modification of the arrangement shewn in
Figure 12. In this instance there are two damping rollers B, B, and
two fountain rollers A, A', which revolve in troughs of water and are
provided with doctor rollers B¹, B¹, for expressing the superfluous
moisture therefrom. The rollers A, A', by rotating in contact with
the surfaces of the damping rollers B, B, impart to them a sufficient
and regulated amount of moisture for both sides of the paper which
passes up between them.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of " Improvements
applicable to Machinery for Letter-press Printing," as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim the Invention secured to me
by the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
First. The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts
5 herein set forth for simultaneously printing two or more continuous webs
of paper on both sides and dividing them into separate sheets and folding
the same ready for sale, as herein set forth.

page_text: Second. The combination and arrangement of one large impression
or blanket cylinder with a series of smaller impression cylinders and
the type or printing cylinders with their inking apparatus, and the
necessary cutting or dividing cylinders, so that one or more continuous
lengths of paper may be printed simultaneously on both sides, as shewn
in Sheets VI. and VII.
Third. I claim the mode herein set forth of mounting the lengths
or rolls of paper so that the beginning of the new roll of paper may be
joined on to the end of the exhausted roll and the printing operation
continued without stopping the machine.
Fourth. I claim the arrangement and construction of parts herein
shewn and described for damping the paper on both sides.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.