IMPROVEMENTS IN SAws
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Payton, of Shelgate Road, in the County
of Surrey, Mechanical Engineer, and Joseph Ellicott Holmes, of
Newton Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and
Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAws
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Payton and
Joseph Ellicott Holmes at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th January 1875.
We, WALTER PAYTON, of Shelgate Road, in the County of Surrey,
Mechanical Engineer, and JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES, of Newton Terrace,
Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer,
_do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SAWS AND SAWING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
One part of our Invention relates to a method of giving a percussive
action to the teeth of saws by means of short cranks or eccentrics-
moving in a similar direction and at cqual specds.

page_text: In carrying out this part of our Invention we may employ two cranks
or eccentrics so formed and arranged that while actuating the saw they
cause it to move in reciprocating parallel lines, or we may use one crank
or eccentric combined with a sliding fulcrum, so as to give the saw a
reciprocating motion in lines at an angle to each other; or we may use
two eccentrics or cranks, one of which has a greater throw than the
other, combined with a sliding fulcrum in order to give a similar motion
to the saw.
The teeth of the saw may be formed on the plate, as in
ordinary saws, or they may be inserted in the edge of it in any con-
venient manner, and a line drawn through the points of the teeth may
be parallel with a line drawn through the centre of the cranks or
eccentrics, or crank and sliding fulcrum, or it may be at an angle with
such line.
The throw of the cranks or eccentrics may be varied to any desired
extent, but we prefer that this throw should be somewhat greater than
the distance of the points of the teeth from each other.
]
When used for cutting coal or other substances through which the
saw is not required to project we continue the teeth round one end of
the saw and place the cranks or eccentrics, or crank and sliding fulcrum,
at its other end, which end projects out of and is beyond the coal or a
other substance being cut. But when the substance to be cut permits
the saw to pass completely through it we prefer to place a crank or
_eccentric, or crank and sliding fulcrum at each end of the saw, the saw
being thickened to receive the same, or having attached to it a stock
or handle provided with bosses in which they may work.
The cranks or eccentrics, or crank and sliding fulcrum, are carried by
a frame, and are caused to rotate in similar directions and at equal speeds
by means of toothed gearing or coupling rods connected to them at an
angle of 90 degrees; and we give motion to such cranks or eccentrics
by means of a winch or any suitable motor applied to one or both of
them or to the axis of any part of such toothed gearing.
For cutting coal, and for some other purposes, we mount the frame
carrying the cranks or eccentrics with this gearing, together with the
motor operating them, upon a wheeled truck in such a manner that the
frame may be turned round upon its centre part of a revolution by means
of a worm engaging in a toothed segment attached to the said frame; and
we give motion to such truck in any desired direction by means of pitch
:

page_text: chains, screws, or any other suitable gearing connected to and operating.
by the cranks or eccentrics, or any part of the toothed gearing.
aforesaid.
The second part of our Invention relates to a method of giving
percussive action to a saw for the purpose of cutting coal, stone, and
other substances, by adapting it to an ordinary rock boring machine,
or to a reciprocating engine, or other motor which would impart to
it parallel percussive blows.
In carrying this part of our Invention into practice we form in place
of the ordinary drill or jumper of a rock boring machine a blade of steel
or iron with a suitable shank or support for attaching it to a rod or bar
of the motor or reciprocating engine, and from this shank the blade is
made taper, that is to say, it is wider at the shoulder than at the point.
The said blade is made of any desired length, and should be of such
width and thickness as will give it the required strength and stiffness.
We prefer that the said blade should taper so much on the face or cutting
side as to allow each tooth from the point toward the shoulder to cut
about 8 of an inch deeper into the coal, or stone, or other material, than
the tooth preceeding it, though this distance may be varied to suit
substances of different degrees of hardness, and we prefer to place the
teeth nearer together than the length of stroke. The saw and its motor
engine are placed on a traversing frame, whereby the saw is fed to its
work.
'
This part of our Invention is not intended for cutting wood or fibrous
substances, but is designed mainly for cutting channels in coal or stone,
in which operation we clear the dust away from-such channels by means
of water, or when a motor is used driven by compressed air by means of
the exhaust air from such motor.
30
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Walter Payton and Joseph Ellicott Holmes in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th July 1875.

page_text: Engineer, and JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES, of Newton Terrace, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Walter Payton and Joseph
Ellicott Holmes, Her special licence that we, the said Walter Payton
and Joseph Ellicott Holmes, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Walter Payton and Joseph Ellicott
Holmes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWS AND SAWING MACHINERY," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Walter Payton and Joseph Ellicott
Holmes, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing.
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals; should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Walter Payton and Joseph Ellicott
Holmes, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawing forming a part of this Specification :-
One part of our Invention relates to a method of and mechanism for
giving a peculiar motion and a percussive action to the teeth of a saw
by means of short cranks or eccentrics, as herein-after described.
The said Invention may be very advantageously applied to the cutting
or excavating of coal and other like substances. For this purpose the saw
and its operating mechanism are mounted upon a frame, which is

page_text: adjustable angularly and longitudinally to set and keep the saw to its
work. The said saw may have its teeth formed on the plate like an
ordinary saw, but we prefer to construct it with detachable teeth inserted
and secured in the blade in any suitable manner; we continue the teeth
round one end of the saw and place the cranks or eccentrics at its other
end, which end projects out of and is beyond the coal or other substance
being cut.
The said cranks or eccentrics are so arranged and connected with the
saw blade that in rotating around their axes they impart to all of the
teeth of the saw a uniform rotative motion corresponding with that of
the said cranks or eccentrics. The latter are fixed or formed on shafts
or axles connected by suitable gearing with a shaft to which the required
motion is imparted by any convenient driving. power. The frame may
be turned round upon its centre part of a revolution by means of a worm
engaging in a toothed segment attached to the said frame, and we adjust
the aforesaid frame upon the truck by means of racks and worms, and
worm wheels, pitch chains, screws, or any other suitable gearing con-
nected to and operated by the cranks or eccentrics, or any part of the
toothed gearing aforesaid.

page_text: ment
upon
5
A, A1, A2, indicate the frame of the said machine, the said frame being
secured upon a truck B, which is mounted upon wheels B¹ properly con-
structed to run upon the pit rails. The parts A, A', which carry the
saw and its operating mechanism are capable of turning upon the lower
part A of the frame to permit the angular adjustment of the saw. And
the entire frame A, A1, A2, is capable of endwise or longitudinal move-·
the truck B, as herein-afer described. a is the saw; b, b¹,
are the eccentrics for actuating the same; c, d, e, are the gear wheels
for operating the said eccentrics, the said wheels being fitted on shafts
c', d', e¹, which are supported in bosses or bearings c³, d³, e²; f is a worm. 1
geared with teeth g on the part A' of the frame for turning or adjusting
the same upon the lower part A² to bring the say to its work in com-
mencing to cut a seam of coal; h is the rack; i, i, are the worm and
worm wheel; j is the shaft; and j¹ the worm thereon, for moving the
frame longitudinally upon the truck to cause the saw to advance or keep
to its work; is a segment plate attached to the plate A³, and which
carries the bearing of the shaft j; k¹ is an eccentric; 4, a link; and
k³, a lever, forming the devices for adjusting the said segment plate to
throw the worm j¹ into and out of gear with the rack h to permit the
frame to be moved forward to its work.or moved back quickly when the
said frame has been forced forward by the worm the full extent of its
movement upon the said truck; j³, j³, are bearings for the shaft ; secured to
a plate which is capable of turning or swivelling around the centre or
boss of the part A' of the frame; 1, 1, are clips for securing the said
plate upon the frame while permitting it to turn freely when required;
m, m, are plates for holding the part A' of the frame in place on the
part A thereof while permitting one part to be turned or adjusted on
the other, as above described.
To permit the endwise or longitudinal movement or adjustment of the
frame on the truck for the purpose above specified we construct the
part A³ of the frame to rest upon angle iron bars o and secure it thereon
by bolts n, whose heads n' clip the bars o, as clearly shewn in Figure 3.
When the frame is to be secured or held fast in any position upon the
truck it is only necessary to tighten one of the nuts of these bolts.

page_text: rails, and fix or make fast the frame on the truck by tightening the nut
of one of the bolts n, the saw then lying with its teeth parallel with the
face 1, 2, of the seam of coal to be cut. We then start the saw, at the
same time causing the worm f to operate and turn the frame upon the
truck, so that the saw works its way into the scam, cutting a groove
therein from the face of the seam inward till it reaches the position
shewn in Figure 1. Then the worm f is thrown out of gear, and tho
nut of the said bolt n is slackened to set the frame free upon the truck,
and the worm is thrown into gear with the rack h; the frame A then
commences its automatic forward movement on the truck, wheroby the
saw is caused to advance to its work, while at the same time it is
operated by the eccentrics 6, 6', to give the teeth the peculiar circular
motion and percussive action herein-before described, and which is
indicated by the series of circles a³, a', in Figure 1. The solid lines a³
of such circles shew the surface or line of the coal as it is cut by the
said teeth.
.
Figure 4 illustrates an arrangement wherein the peculiar motion of
the saw a is imparted to it by cranks 62 at opposite ends of the saw, the
said cranks being caused to turn at equal velocities and in the same
direction by means of the spur wheels c³, d³, e³, whereby the shafts c¹, c',
of the said eccentrics are geared together.
Figure 5 shows how the same peculiar motion is imparted to the saw a
by means of the bevel wheels ct,.c³, fixed on a vertical shaft and geared
with the wheels d', co, on the crank shafts c³, c¹.
Figure 6 shews a modification of this part of our Invention whercin
the shafts c of the cranks 62 are formed with double cranks r,.r, 8, 8,
arranged at an angle to each other and to the cranks 62, thereby
imparting the aforesaid peculiar motion to the saw without the use of
wheel gearing. The saw is held upon the said cranks by means of the
bushes 63 and screw nuts 64, as most clearly shewn in Figure 4.
In Figure 7 we have illustrated a modification of our said Invention
wherein the saw is operated by a crank or excentric in combination with
a sliding fulcrum. The excentric 6³ is arranged at one end of the shank
or plate t, and at or near the other end of the said plate we form a slot,
in which is inserted the block u, the latter is fitted to oscillate upon the
pin v, which is fixed in any convenient part of the frame. The excentric

page_text: is operated in any suitable manner, and by its turning imparts its motion
to the end of the plate in which it is fitted, while the other end at which
the saw is fixed slides to and fro upon the block which oscillates freely
on the pin v. This arrangement of our Invention may be varied by
having an excentric or crank at one end of the saw and the sliding
fulcrum at the other end of the same. Also by having two eccentrics
or cranks suitably geared together to move with equal speed, one of them
having a greater throw than the other, and one of them being combined
with a sliding fulcrum. It will be observed that with the excentrics or
cranks arranged as in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, all the teeth of the saw
move equally, and all the positions of the saw throughout its stroke
are parallel with each other. But when we use the excentric or
excentrics or the crank or cranks in combination with the sliding
fulcrum the teeth of the saw describe continually varying angles, and
the percussive action is greater at some parts of the same than at other
parts thereof.
The second part of our Invention relates to a method of giving
percussive action to a saw for the purpose of cutting coal, stone, and
other substances, by adapting it to an ordinary rock boring machine, or
to a reciprocating engine, or other motor which will impart to it parallel
percussive blows.
In carrying this part of our Invention into practise we use in place of
the ordinary drill or jumper of a rock boring machine a blade a of steel
or iron, with a suitable shank or stem a³, as shown in Figure 8, for
attaching it to a rod or bar of the motor or reciprocating engine, and
from this shank the blade is made to taper, that is to say, it is wider at
the shoulder than at the point. The said blade is made of any desired
length, and should be of such width and thickness as will give it the
required strength and stiffness. We prefer that the said blade should
taper so much on the face or cutting edge as to allow each tooth from
the point toward the shoulder of the saw to cut about ½ of an inch
deeper than the preceeding tooth into the coal, stone, or other material.
This formation of the saw may be varied to suit substances of different
degrees of hardness, and we prefer to place the teeth at such a distance
apart that the space between them is somewhat less than the length of
stroke of the saw. The saw and its motor engine are placed on any
suitable frame, whereby the saw is fed to its work,

page_text: Seventh. The combination of a saw with the piston rod of a rock
drilling machine or other reciprocating machine or engine, as' herein set
forth and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Payton, for myself and
on behalf of the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.,
•
WALTER PAYTON. (L.S.)
Witness,
HY. JAS. NOONE.