IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough, of the Office for
"
Patents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS." -A communication from abroad by,
William Charles Ford, of Brooklyn, in the County of King's, State
of New York, United States of America.
Cheesbrough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 19th December 1874.
A
I, FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents; 15, Water
Street, Liverpool, in the County of, Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS" (a communication), to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are,–

page_text: a locomotive or other high-pressure engine in the smoke pipe or chimney
of the boiler to increase the draught of the furnace.
This Invention consists,-
Firstly. Of certain improved devices applied to a boiler, by which a
Stream or current of hot air is more effectually delivered upon and dis-
tributed over the surface of the fire to perfect the combustion of the fuel
gases.
Secondly. Of certain improved devices applied to a steam boiler by
which a stream of hot air is drawn down around the smoke stack or
chimney, and thrown upon the surface of the fire in the boiler furnace
by the motion of the boiler or of the engine or vehicle which carries the
boiler.
Thirdly. Of certain improved devices applied to the boiler of a steam
engine by which a stream of air is created, drawn down, and thrown into
the furnace by the motion of the boiler, and heated by the waste or
escaping heat of the fire on its passage to the furnace.
This Invention is applicable to locomotive and other boilers, and also
to stationary boilers, and especially if means be provided, either through
the agency of a blower or other means well known to engineers, to
draw the air down around the smoke pipe through the superheating
pipes, and force or draw it into the furnace upon the surface of the
fire.
A practical method of applying this Invention to an ordinary loco-
motive boiler may be thus described-Let the boiler be of the ordinary
known type, with customary fire-box, grate bars, tubes, shell, or water
space, smoke box, and smoke pipe. These parts of the ordinary loco-
motive boiler may be almost of the usual form, with the exception of the
smoke pipe, which is according to this Invention encased in a funnel-
shaped air receiving pipe made larger than the smoke pipe, so that there
is left an annular space between the two pipes. This air receiving pipe is
fitted upon an air chamber, the smoke pipe passing down through the
air chamber to the smoke box, in which it terminates.
To the air chamber there is connected a series of small tubes or pipes
which pass through the flues of the boiler to the fire-box, and connect
upon a pipe or chamber located in the top of the fire-box over the fire in

page_text: the best manner to most effectually expose it to the heat of the furnace.
Into this heating pipe or chamber there are inserted two or more pipes
leading to the outside of the boiler front. The outside of these pipes are
fitted with valves, and are connected to small pipes leading into the front
of the furnace, and which may be located either in the furnace or in the
water space of the boiler, and may be perforated with small holes, or
fitted with jet pipes to diffuse the hot air evenly over the fire. The pipe
nay in some cases be brought to the front of the inside of the furnace,
and turn down to connect to the jet pipes inside of the furnace instead
of outside, in which case a cock or damper will have to be arranged in
the air pipe inside of the furnace with a connexion leading to the outside
to enable the engineman to regulate the flow of hot air.
The air pipe outside of the smoke pipe is fitted with a funnel-shaped
nozzle, the capacity of which may be increased should it be necessary by
multiplying the nozzles, although generally one nozzle will be sufficient,
but the shape must of course be modified with reference to catching the
air when the pipe is in motion, or, in the case of stationary engines,, when
the wind blows from any direction.
The operation is as follows:-The air is forced down the receiving
nozzle to the chamber, from whence it passes through the tubes to the
pipe or chamber in the furnace, and from thence through the pipes and
into the furnace on the top of the fire, the supply being regulated by
the valves.
It will be seen that the air begins to heat from the time it strikes the
smoke pipe, and continues to increase in temperature until it strikes the
fire, where it enters in combination with the hot gases of the fuel, and
becomes itself a part of the fire it is intended to intensify.
The leading idea of this Invention is to increase or intensify the heat
of the furnace by discharging upon the surface of the fire a stream of
highly heated air to combine with the gases of the fuel in combustion
upon the top of the fire by drawing the air down from above around the
smoke pipe and through the heating tubes or flues of the boiler by the
motion of the wind, or of the boiler, or by means of a blower in case of
stationary engines, and by which the current of air is heated by the
waste, or escaping heat of the furnace, thus returning the escaping heat
of the furnace in the form of hot air to intensify the combustion of the
fuel.

page_text: By the arrangement of the smoke stack the engine can still exhaust
in the smoke pipe in case of need, although it is thought that the heat
and draught of the furnace under this system will be sufficient without
it, by which the noise and dirt occasioned by the blast in the smoke pipe
can be avoided.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street, Liver-
pool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough,
Her special licence, that I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick John Cheesbrough, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS," a
communication to me from abroad by William Charles Ford, of
Brooklyn, in the County of King's, State of New York, United States
of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick John Cheesbrough, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: means be provided, either through the agency of a blower or other
means well known, to draw the air down around the smoke pipe through
the superheating pipes, and force or draw it in the furnace upon the
surface of the fire.
A practical method of applying the Invention to the ordinary loco-
motive boiler is as follows, reference being had to the Drawings:-Let the
boiler be made in the ordinary form, as shown in the Drawings, in which
the fire-box is shown by A, the grate bars by H, the tubes by B; the
shell or water space by E, the smoke box by C, and the smoke pipe
by F. These are parts of an ordinary locomotive boiler, and in almost
the usual form, with the exception of the smoke pipe, which is in this
case encased in a funnel-shaped air receiving pipe C' made larger than the
smoke pipe, by which there is left an annular space between the two
pipes, as shown by. C. This air receiving pipe is fitted upon an air
chamber, shown by C" in Figure 2 of the Drawings, the smoke pipe
passing down through the air chamber to the smoke box, in which it is
located. To the air chamber there is connected a series of small tubes
or pipes a, a, which pass through the flues of the boiler to the fire-box A,
and connect upon a pipe or chamber b located in the top of the fire-box
over the fire in the best manner to most effectually expose it to the heat
of the furnace. Into the heating pipe or chamber b there are inserted
two or more pipes a leading to the outside of the boiler front, as shown
in Figure 2. A small steam pipe d' is inserted into the pipes a, so that
a jet of steam may be driven into the pipes a to draw the air down and
around the smoke pipe. The out ends of the pipes d are fitted with
valves f, and are connected to small pipes e leading into the front of the
furnace, and which may be located either in the furnace or in the water
space of the boiler, and should be perforated with small holes, or fitted
with jet pipes v, v, as shown, to diffuse the hot air evenly over the fire.
The pipe a may however be brought to the front of the inside of the
furnace, and turned down to connect to the jet pipes inside of the furnace
instead of outside, in which case a cock or damper would have to be
arranged in the air pipe inside of the furnace with a connection leading
to the outside to enable the engineman to regulate the flow of hot air.
The air pipe c, it will be seen, is fitted with a funnel-shaped nozzle,
the capacity of which may be increased should it be necessary to supply
the required amount of air by multiplying the nozzles, as shown by h
and i, though it is thought that one nozzle will be sufficient; but the

page_text: shape must of course be modified with reference to catching the air when
the pipe is in motion, or in the case of stationary engines when the wind
blows from any direction.
The operation is as follows:-The air when the pipe is in motion is
forced down through the receiving nozzle to the chamber C", from
whence it passes through the tubes a to the pipe or chamber b, and from
thence through the pipes & and e into the furnace upon the top of the
fire through the jet pipes or tubes, the supply being regulated by the
valve f.
It will be seen that the air begins to heat from the time it strikes the
smoke pipe, and continues to increase in temperature until it strikes the
fire, where it enters in combination with the hot gases of the fuel, and
becomes itself a part of the fire it is intended to intensify.
The leading idea of this Invention is to increase or intensify the heat
of the furnace by discharging upon the surface of the fire a stream of
highly heated air to combine with the gases of the fuel in combustion
upon the top of the fire by drawing the air down from above around the
smoke pipe and through the heating tubes or flues of the boiler by the
motion of the wind, or of the boiler, or by means of a blower in case of
stationary engines, and by which the current of air is heated by the
waste or escaping heat of the furnace, thus returning the escaping heat
of the furnace in the form of hot air to intensify the combustion of the
fuel.
By the arrangement of the smoke stack shown in the Drawings the
engine can still exhaust in the smoke pipe in case of need, though it is
thought that the heat and draught of the furnace under this system will
be sufficient without it, by which the noise and dirt occasioned by the
blast in the smoke pipe can be avoided.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and the means of
carrying the same into practice, what I claim as the Invention com-
municated to me by my foreign correspondent is,—
First. In connection with a steam boiler and with the furnace thereof
a superheating device arranged to draw down and to throw a stream of
hot air upon the top of the fire in the furnace of the boiler in the manner
substantially as described.

page_text: Second. In combination with a steam boiler and with the furnace
thereof, a superheating device combined and arranged in relation thereto,
to draw down the current of air and carry it to the furnace through the
heating tubes or flues of the boiler, and return it to the surface of the
fire in the manner substantially as described.
Third. In combination with a steam boiler and with the furnace
thereof a superheating device made and arranged substantially as
described, by which a stream of air is created and drawn down from
above around the smoke pipe and thrown in the furnace by the motion
of the boiler, and heated by the waste or escaping heat of the
furnace.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
FREDERICK JOHN (L.S.) CHEESBROUGH.