Year: 1885

page_text: We MARY WALKER and GEORGE EDWARD WALKER, trading as Sampson
Bridgwood and Son of Anchor Pottery Longton in the County of Stafford
Earthenware Manufacturers and JEAN BAPTISTE GERMEUIL BONNAUD of Longton
aforesaid Photographer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a process for producing on lithographic stones or plates
copies from photographs or other designs suited for lithographic printing. For
this purpose, the photograph or design to be copied is carefully and evenly covered
with a layer of paste compounded of starch, gum arabic, sugar and kaolin made
up with water. When this is dry, the outlines are drawn on it with dilute
lithographic ink, and the shades with a lithographic crayon. This, being merely
a tracing operation, can be easily done requiring little skill or practice on the part
of the operator.
When the drawing is done, it is slightly moistened and applied
to the stone or zinc plate which is also moistened and is heated. After pressing
several times, boiling water is poured over the copy, and this is withdrawn leaving
the complete drawing on the stone or plate. After this has been left several hours
to dry it is inked for impressions in the usual way, The layer of paste that is laid
on the photograph or design to be copied, may consist of starch, gum and sugar
without the kaolin, a grain being given to it before drawing on it in the following
way. When the composition has dried, it is slightly moistened and then pressed
on a lithographic stone which has the desired grain. This grain is transferred to
the layer, on which the drawing is made as already described.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: or other Designs.
We, MARY WALKER, and GEORGE EDWARD WALKER, trading as Sampson
Bridgwood and Son of Archer Pottery Longton in the County of Stafford,
Earthenware Manufacturers, and JEAN BAPTISTE GERMEUIL BONNAUD, of Longton
aforesaid, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to a process for producing on lithographic stones or plates
copies from photographs or other designs suited for lithographic printing, and it
consists mainly in the production of an artificial grain on the photograph or
drawing enabling impressions to be taken from a smooth stone or plate either on
paper, porcelain, or other materials.
For this purpose a photograph or other design is covered with a coating composed
as follows:
About 50 parts by weight of starch flour are dissolved in 100 parts of water at
about 70° cent, to which are added about 20 parts of gum arabic and 20 parts
of sugar; this compound is intimately mixed while heated on a water bath until
it becomes a homogeneous mass, and to this is then added about 30 parts of
kaolin. When the whole has been formed into a paste of a somewhat liquid
nature, it is ground down by means of a glass muller until it has attained the
requisite degree of fineness.
This compound is then carefully spread upon the photographic or other design,
taking care to avoid all lumps or unevenesses, and this is allowed to dry while
stretched on a board by means of drawing pins. When the drawing is dry the
outline is traced upon it by means of a pen and dilute lithographic ink, and the
half tints are put in by means of a lithographic crayon, copying as nearly as
possible the shadings of the original, which may be readily done without requiring
any great skill, or any special knowledge of lithography.
The artificial grain produced by the presence of the kaolin exactly resembles the
grain imparted to lithographic stones or zinc plates, and it only remains to transfer
the designs to the stone or zinc plate, which is effected as follows.
The design having been finished, the paper is slightly moistened and is then
applied to the stone or zinc-plate, which is also slightly moistened and heated in
the first instance. After pressure has been repeatedly applied, boiling water is
poured over the paper, which is then removed, leaving the design upon the stone
or plate. This is now left for about 5 or 6 hours, after which it is inked and
impressions taken in the usual manner. By these means an outline drawing or
engraving can also be converted into a shaded lithograph.

page_text: Instead of imparting the necessary grain to the compound by which the design
is transmitted to the stone, a paste or coating of the following composition is
spread on the photograph:
the whole being boiled.
The photograph or drawing, tolerably thickly coated with this compound, is
allowed to dry, and after slightly moistening, it is pressed on a lithographic stone
or plate on which the necessary grain has been produced, so that this grain is
impressed upon the surface of the coating. The design is then drawn upon this
grained coating and is then transferred to the stone in the same way as above
described,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:—
•
1. The method herein described of producing a copy of a photograph or drawing
upon a lithographic stone or plate, by first forming on the photograph or
drawing a coating having a grain produced artificially thereon, then tracing upon
the said coating with lithographic ink a copy of the photograph or design, and
lastly transferring such design to a smooth stone or plate.
2. For the purpose of transferring a photograph or drawing on to a lithographic
stone or plate, the method of producing a grained surface upon the photograph or
drawing by the application thereto of a compound containing kaolin, substantially
as and for the purposes herein described.
3. For the purpose of transferring a photograph or drawing on to a lithographic
stone or plate, the method of producing a grained surface upon the photograph or
drawing by applying thereto a coating which is then pressed upon a grained stone
or plate so as to have the grain thereof imparted to it.
4. The method herein described of transferring to a lithographic stone or plate
a design produced by drawing with lithographic ink on a photograph or drawing
coated with a gelatinous composition, by moistening the photograph or drawing
and also moistening and heating the stone or plate, then applying the former to
the latter under pressure and after pouring boiling water on the photograph or
drawing, removing the same, leaving the design on the stone or plate.
2000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.