IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING IRON AND BRASS
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
YOOLOW STEWART, of Montrose, in the Kingdom of Scotland, Iron Founder,'
send giecting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of
July, (One thousand eight hundied and forty-six), in the tenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, IIe heirs and successors, give and giant unto me, the
said David Yoolow Stewart, my eñois, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said David
Yoolow Stewart, my exois, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said David Yoolow Stewart, my exois, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercisc, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING IRON AND BRASS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said David
Yoolow Stewart, should cause a particulat description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in pait recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
saine, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
David Yoolow Stewart, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say) -
My Invention consists of a mode of constructing moulds for moulding pipes
and other cylinders of iron and brass, whereby much of the labor heretofore
necessary for ramming the sand will be saved, and at the same time the crois
of constructing moulds for such purposes, which are consequent on having the
moulds made in separate parts, will be avoided, and moulds of very great truth
and accuracy will be obtained when working according to my Invention. And
in order that the same may be most fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews an elevation of the machinery and apparatus such as I
employ for carrying out my Invention. Figure 2 shews a vertical section of
some of the parts a, a, is a cylindrical mould box which I prefer to be in two
parts, connected together, as is shewn, by bolts passing through the straps b, and
keyed up tightly by wedges or keys. At the lower end is a step to receive the
lower end of the pattern c, which I prefer to be of metal. d is what 1 call
the presser, as it is by this instrument that the sand is pressed into the mould
box a around the pattern c. The presser & consists of a tube of thin sheet
metal, having at its end a projecting flange d¹ or portion of a sciew, the woim
or flange not passing completely round, but it leaves an interval between the
two ends of the thi cad of the scrow or flange. f is a projection, there being a
similar one on the other side, or there may be more These projections
loosen the sand above the flange or inclined surface d'. The tube d receives
within it the pattern c, and keeps it upright, and the tube d revolves around
the pattern c; and as the presser d revolves, it is caused to riso by the
inclined surface d', that surface continually feeding in the sand and piessing
it down upon that immediately below it, thus causing the sand to be compactly
pressed into a mould. On the upper end of the tube d is fixed a cog wheel e,
and the upper end of the tube d revolves in an opening formed in the cross
head g, such cross head being guided in its upward movement by the
guide bar h, and the revolving square bar or axis i, which turns in bearings
at 1. On the upper end of the axis i is fixed a bevilled toothed wheel k,
which receives motion from the axis by means of a bevilled toothed wheel

page_text: fixed thereon; and such axis icceives motion from a steam engine or other
power by a strap acting on a fixed drum m, as is well understood, or by other
convenient means. n is a pinion which slides on the revolving bar or axis i,
but tuins therewith. In making a mould for a cylinder or pipe the workman
will proceed as follows:-Supposing the mould box a to be empty, he will
first lower the pattern c into its place; he will then lower the presser d, so
that the inclined surface d' comes to the bottom of the box a, when he will
proceed to run in sand progressively, and give motion to the machinery, by
which the tube will be caused to revolve, by which means, owing to the
inclined surface d' pressing on the sand (which passes below) the picsSci d
will 11se, the sand between the interior of the box a and the pattern c being
successively pressed downwards as the inclined surface d' rises upwards, and
thus a mould will be formed of a cylindrical external and internal figure; and
when the cylinder to be cast is to be a pipe with a socket, then, when the sui face d'
has come above the point a¹ of the box a, the piesser d is to be removed, and
an enlargement placed over the pattern c, so as to offer a proper pattern for
the exterior of the socket of the pipe, and the mould is to be finished by hand,
by ramming in sand around the upper part of the pattern c, having its
enlargement applied thereon. The pattern is then to be drawn out by a
cranc or other suitable means and I prefer to leave the enlargement in the
mould when drawing out the cylindrical pattern c through the enlargement
placed thereon, for the purpose of forming the socket, as above explained.
When the pattern has been removed, the enlargement is to be withdrawn,
when the mould will be ready to be dried, if required, and then to receive
the sand core, which is to be lowered carefully into its place, and the mould
completed, when the metal will be run in. If it be desired to produce a
flange, bead, or projecting surface to the end of a pipe or cylinder, I apply a
pattern c' over the end of the pattern c, as is shown in Figure 3, in which
case, after the pattein c has been withdiawn, I remove the lower end
of the mould box a, and take away the pattern c', and such pattern c¹
will be of the form desired to be given to the end of the pipe or
cylinder. Sometimes, in place of using a long pattern c, fixed for
the time being, a short pattern may be employed in such manner as to be
raised up as the inclined surface d¹ rises, or I apply a cylinder ² to the end
of the presser rod d, as shown at Figure 4, with the inclined surface d¹ fixed
thereon, such cylinder c³ then acting as the pattern, and it will rise as the
mould is formed, thus avoiding the trouble of having to remove a length of
pattern c through the sand after the mould is completed In this case, in
order to form the bead c¹ or other projection, I make use of the cover a', and

page_text: when the mould for the exterior of the pipe is formed, I remove the cover a'
and apply a cover a³, Figure 5, suitably formed to receive the end of the corc e;
in this case, when it is desired that the cylinder formed should have a socket
at the end thereof, then when the cylinder c has been removed, that part of
the mould above the point a+ will be formed by the use of an enlarged piece,
as before described, but such enlarged piece must have a stem which will fit
the interior of the mould below the point a+, and the sand will be put in and
finished by hand, as above explained; it will, however, be evident that
variations may be made in the arrangement of the parts.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would wish it to be 1
understood that I do not confine myself to the details so long as the peculiar
character of the Invention, that of using inclined surfaces d' as herein
descubed, be retained. But what I claim is the mode of making moulds for
moulding cylinders or pipes of iron and brass, as before explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Yoolow Stewart, have hereunto 1
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of our
Loid One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
Samuel Carpmael, of Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, maketh oath and saith that he is acquainted with the manner
and character of the handwriting of David Yoolow Stewart, of Montrose, in
the Kingdom of Scotland, Iron Founder. And this Deponent further saith
that the signature of "Dav. Y Stewart," set, subscribed and written at
the foot of the Specification hereunto annexed and marked with the letter A,

page_text: and dated the Ninth day of January now last past, and purporting to be
executed by the said David Yoolow Stewart, and acknowledged by him before
James Leighton, one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County
of Forfar, in Scotland aforesaid, on the said Ninth day of January, is of the
proper handwriting of the said David Yoolow Stewart.
Enrolled the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.