A NEW OR IMPROVED REFRACTORY OR FIRE-RESISTING MATERIAL WHICH MAY BE USED FOR THE CON- STRUCTION OF RETORTS AND OTHER ARTICLES HAVING TO RESIST THE ACTION OF. HEAM NOT GAME REING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A HYDRAULIC CEMENT.”
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Reston Horne, of Glasgow, in the County'
of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
REFRACTORY OR FIRE-RESISTING MATERIAL WHICH MAY BE USED FOR THE CON-
STRUCTION OF RETORTS AND OTHER ARTICLES HAVING TO RESIST THE ACTION OF.
HEAM NOT GAME REING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A HYDRAULIC CEMENT.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Reston Horne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd October 1874.
•
I, ROBERT RESTON HORNE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED REFRACTORY OR FIRE-RESISTING MATERIAL WHICH MAY BE
USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RETORTS AND OTHER ARTICLES HAVING TO RESIST
THE ACTION OF HEAT, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A HYDRAULIC CEMENT,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-

page_text: resisting material, and which may be used directly as a plaster or
cement, is also applicable for the construction of retorts for gas and oil
works, pipes or flues for furnaces, bricks or blocks, or for other analogous
purposes.
The Invention consists in mixing and combining by water ground
gannister, galliard, or fire-stone with ground quartz, slag, or sand. The
material so produced may be formed into bricks or blocks, or retorts, or
analogous articles by pressing it into moulds, after which they are con-
solidated by firing. In place however of using the said compounds to
form articles by moulding, it may be covered over the surfaces to be :
rendered refractory as a plaster or cement, and ordinary fire-clay or iron
retorts are covered both internally and externally by or with the said
plaster or cement; or if broken the said plaster or cement may be used
for repairing the same.
The proportions of the substances constituting the compound may be 1
varied according to the quality of the gannister, galliard, or fire-stone,
the quantity of slag or sand used being from 15 to 50 por cent.
The Invention also includes the construction of retorts and analogous
articles from ground gannister, galliard, or fire-stone alone, mixed with
water, moulded into shape, and then fired.
In order to make the said compound capable of resisting the action of
water, or in other words to constitute a hydraulic cement, ½, of lime may
be mixed therewith, with or without iron borings or rust.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Reston Horne in the Great Seal Patent 2
Office on the 16th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT_
RESTON HORNE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in

page_text: the 38th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Reston Horne, Her
special license that I, the said Robert Reston Horne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Reston
Horne, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED REFRACTORY OR FIRE-RESISTING MATERIAL WHICH
MAY BE USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RETORTS AND OTHER ARTICLES HAVING TO
RESIST THE ACTION OF HEAT, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS A HYDRAULIC
CEMENT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Reston Horne, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
solandau months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: externally by or with the said plaster or cement; or if broken the said
plaster or cement may be used for repairing the same.
Tho said plaster or cement may also be applied to those parts of
boilers which are acted upon by the fire, or to the steam space of
boilers.
The proportions of the substances constituting the compound may be
varied according to the quality of the gannister, galliard, or fire-stone
the quantity of slag or sand used being from 15 to 50 per cent.
The Invention also includes the construction of retorts and analogous
articles from ground gannister, galliard, or firestone alone, mixed with
water, moulded into shape, and then fired.
In order to make the said compound capable of resisting the action of
water, or in other words to constitute a hydraulic cement, * of lime or
thereabouts may be mixed therewith, with or without iron borings or
rust.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe
in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited 2
Letters Patent is,—
First. Constructing retorts or other analogous articles of ground
gannister mixed with water, or ground gannister mixed with ground
fire-clay, quartz, slag, or sand, substantially as herein-beforo described.
Second. Covering surfaces which are to be rendered refractory with a 2
plaster formed of ground gannister, ground firc-clay, quartz, slag, or
sand, substantially as herein-before described.
Third. Casing fire-clay or iron retorts or boilers, cither internally or
externally, or both, with a plaster formed of ground gannister, ground
fire-clay, quartz, slag, or sand, as herein-before described, and using the 3
said plaster for mending or repairing firc-clay or iron retorts.
Fourth. The hydraulic cement composed of ground gannister, ground
fire-clay, quartz, slag, or sand with one-third part or thereabouts of lime

page_text: mixed therewith, and with or without iron borings or rust, substantially
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Reston Horne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.