Year: 1894

page_text: :
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 28th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 24th May. 1895
We, VINCENZO CALENDOLI, and ANIELLO SAVARESE, both of 21 Boulevard
Poissonniere, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
:
This invention has reference to an improved method of setting up type, which we
shall herein describe by the term "simultaneous composition," and which is carried
into effect by means of special arrangements, the main features of which may be
stated as follows:
1. The type is set up in one continuous line, which may be straight, curved,
circular or of other suitable shape, either horizontal or inclined, or occupying any.
other convenient position; each letter of the alphabet being repeated in such
line a sufficient number of times to enable. one or more words to be set up.
simultaneously.
2. There is further provided a key board representing typographical characters
so arranged, combined and repeated, that the operator may readily touch the
required characters simultaneously with his fingers in the desired order of succession,.
so as to set up one or a series of words, according to requirements; and
3. The characters brought up to the line simultaneously under the action of the :
key board, and, although following each other in the required order of succession
to form a given word or words, yet situated at some greater or less distance
from each other, are eventually connected by any suitable means to form the .
required word or words.
Such being the essential features of our improved mode of typographical com-
position, the same is carried out in practice by means of type of special construction
as described and claimed in the Specification of our prior Letters Patent No. 10348
of 1894, applied for under the International Convention and dating back to the
4th day of November 1893.
As set forth in that Patent, the distinguishing features of the type are that the
characters are much shorter than those of the ordinary type that has been in use
hitherto and further that their bodies are provided with means of attachment,
either male or female, adapted to fit a correspondingly, but inversely, shaped..
retaining portion of a support (being male in the case of a female type, and
"female in the case of a male type).
"
Type of this description will moreover admit of the employment of another kind >
of support, also either female or male, according to the construction of the
characters it is to receive, but differing from the first mentioned support in this :
particular, that it is unprovided with any retaining piece, so that the characters":

page_text: stated further on. The direction of this movement is at right angles to the frame
itself, and it is produced by mechanisın very similar to that which has just been
described, but operating in a plane at right angles to the plates.
This mechanism comprises a lever wedged or keyed upon a rod which turns
in bearings or brackets secured to each of the uprights and carrying at each end
an eccentric working in an eye which is provided in a plate secured to each
upright of the frame of plates.
The lower portion of the type magazine is inclined and toothed, the unequal
width of the teeth corresponding to the width of the several vertical compartments
containing the type, so that they may exactly fit the shutters of the said
compartments, and that too wide gaps are avoided.
A screw capable of being screwed into each of the uprights and the end of
which bears upon the upright of the type-receptacle or case, permits the adjustment
of the position of such receptacle across the machine, i.e. in the direction of its wilth.
II. KEY-BOARD.
The key-board, of our type-setting machine is supported in front of the said
machine by the legs of the upright members of the frame. Its object is to bring
into one line simultaneously all the characters necessary for setting up a given
word or number of words, and it presents the following peculiar features:-
The type is distributed in sets or groups distinguishable from each other at first
sight by their different colours, though, as regards the principle of their arrangement,
the several groups are of course identical.
In each group of type the vowels and consonants alternate, either in the
longitudinal or in the transverse direction, the preferred arrangement being that
one vowel is encased or confined between four consonants. " The keys being
arranged sufficiently near each other, one consonant and any one of the four vowels
surrounding it, may be touched simultaneously with one finger, so that one movement
of the finger is sufficient to set up a syllable.
In the type magazine, on the other hand, the type is arranged in consecutive
series, each of which corresponds to a group,-repeated several times over across
the machine, so that the keys situated at the identical point in each group or
set correspond to the same character in the magazine.
In each set of letters which jointly constitute the magazine line, the vowels
and consonants are distributed in consecutive groups or sets, so that any one of
the vowels of one group may be combined with any one of the consonants of
the preceding or following groups. These arrangements of the key-board and
type magazines have been adopted with a view to enabling the operator, with
his fingers in any natural position, simultaneously to touch or depress all the
letters entering into the composition of one or more words, so as to cause
the corresponding characters to leave the case or magazine in the proper order.
The capital letters form a separate set in the key board, such set being
reproduced three times in the transverse direction, similarly to the other groups
of letters above referred to. This group of capitals also has a group corresponding
to it in the type-magazine; and it will, moreover, be understood that, if
necessary, there may be a number of such groups or sets of capitals.
Again, those characters which are seldom used, also form a separate group,
reproduced three times as is the group of capitals.
The spaces and stops may be distributed in one line on one edge of the
key board.
.
These spaces and stops are also inscribed upon the keys on a pedal board. The
keys of the line, as well as the keys connected with the pedal board correspond to
a second series in the type magazine or case.
TIL T

page_text: depressed, to the several compartments of the magazine so as to cause the characters
to leave the said magazine in the required order of succession to form the word
or words to be set up, we preferably employ electrical motion-transmitting
apparatus, such as we will bere describe by way of example. It should, however,
be clearly understood that other transmission gearing of any suitable kind, such as
lever mechanism, may be employed without departure from the principle of the
invention.
This apparatus consists of a series of parts which are all identical with each
other and which correspond each to a compartment of the type magazine.
The mechanism mainly consists of a series of sliding shutters each operated by
an electro magnet through the medium of an arrangement of transmitting levers.
The electro-magnets are arranged into a number of series or groups supported
respectively by cross pieces of the main frame of the machine.
One end of the wire of each electro-magnet is connected to three contact pieces
corresponding to the same letter in each of the repeated groups of letters. The
other end of the wire leads to a battery, whence starts another wire leading to a
;copper plate extending beneath the whole of the key-board and making electrical
connection with all the keys. It is therefore only necessary to depress any one of
the keys to close the circuit of the corresponding electro-magnet.
**
The contacts are arranged in sets of three, each corresponding to the same
electro-magnet, so that by depressing any one of the corresponding three keys,
the current is sent through the same electro-magnet. It is therefore, immaterial
what letter is touched in any one of the three superposed groups or sets: the same
electro-magnet will in each case be operated, and in each case, too, the same
compartment of the magazine will be opened.
As stated, this arrangement has been adopted in order to facilitate manipulation,
whilst reducing at the same time the number of electro magnets and magazine
compartments to be operated. Some of the wires and their contacts are arranged
just underneath the keys. As to the other wires, their contacts are provided with
crank shaped extensions also terminating below the corresponding keys...
The mechanism which serves to transmit the action exercised upon each group
of three keys and upon the corresponding electro-magnets to the corresponding
imagazine compartment is constructed as follows:-
:-
In front of each electro-magnet there is arranged an armature pivotted to a
fixed pin. Through the opposite end of the armature, there passes a screw-
threaded rod having a milled nut screwed on to it, on which bears the end of the
armature; the said nut serving to adjust the extent of motion of the armatures.
The rod is pivotted to one of the arms of the three-armed lever turning on a pivot
which projects from a plate. The two other arms of the lever carry studs,
entering extended or elongated eyes provided in slides guided by projections or
lugs as they perform the longitudinal movement imparted to them by the lever the
said lugs projecting from the plate and engaging in extended slide-ways, provided
in the said slides. These slides terminate, respectively, in tappets, one of which,
is slightly bevelled at the top for the purpose hereinafter to be specified. A spring
secured to each of the plates constantly tends to force back one slide, and
consequently to push the other slide forward, thereby counteracting the action of
the electro-magnet.
The series of plates and slides are carried by an inclined cross piece forming
part of the main frame of the machine, in the grooves of which the said plates
are embedded.
The said cross-piece also carries an inclined rod or rule following
the incline of the magazine bottom. There are as many parts; placed-side by side,
as there are compartments in the type case or magazine, taken in the direction of
its length. As to the electro-magnets, there being some difficulty in arranging
them beside each other on account of their size, they are arranged in several
superposed series or rows, all corresponding to the single series of parts or devices,
placed side by side. To form the connection between the several series of electro-
magnets and the series of devices just referred to, it is only necessary to vary the

page_text: length of the rod, according to the level on which the series or electro-magnets to
be connected is situated.
To ensure a perfect closing of the lower orifice of each magazine compartment
by the corresponding slide, the lower edge of the two plates of the magazine is
provided with saw teeth or ribs, comprising horizontal ribs and vertical ribs,
whieh latter serve to adjust the position of the former. The horizontal ribs are
unequal in length, their size corresponding to the width of the particular compart.
ment to which they belong, the size of which compartment varies, in its turn,
according to the width of the body of the letter. Against these horizontal ribs
the shutter is arranged to slide.
The characters, the construction of which is based upon the principle stated in the
introductory part of this Specification, are provided with a groove, the innermost
portion of which is wider than the portion nearest to its edges. Besides one of
their lower edges is bevelled, its incline corresponding to that formed on the tappet
for a purpose hereinafter to be specified.
The operation of the mechanism is as follows:-
We will suppose that the type magazine has been shifted on its rollers by means
of suitable mechanism enabling it to be displaced laterally, so that one set of
compartments, is situated opposite to the rule intended to receive the type. The
word or words to be set up are formed by acting upon the key board with all the
fingers of the hand at once. The electro-magnets corresponding to the depressed
keys immediately attract their armature with the result that the tail-piece of each
of the treble levers that are operated, is depressed.
The consequence of this lowering of the lever tails is a backward movement of
the one slide, which therefore opens the corresponding compartment, and a
forward movement of the other slide, which thus retains the column of characters,
the uncovering of the compartment has allowed to descend.
When the hand of the operator is lifted off the key-board, the armature ceases
to exercise its attractive power, and the spring imparts to each of the slides a
movement in a direction opposite to that which it had just completed before.
The one slide advances, and its nose or tappet, with its incline, meets the corre-
sponding incline of the second character of the column, the two inclines slide one
upon the other, and the whole of the column rises again, with the exception of
the first letter which rests upon the nose of the slide. But owing to the backward
movement of the said slide, that letter is released, and, in descending, takes up
its position astride the rule which thus receives all the characters corresponding
to the keys of the keyboard which the fingers of the operator have just
abandoned.
The characters then slide along the inclined rule, in consequence of its sloping
position, and gather at the bottom of the slope in the proper order and with the
required spaces between them.
:
It should be observed however, that the inclined position of the rule or rod,
which is here taken advantage of as a means for connecting together the characters
removed from their compartments, their own weight being used as a means for
propelling them,-is not absolutely necessary. A sliding tappet, for example,
may be arranged to move along a horizontal, or otherwise disposed, rule or rod,
the said tappet being moved all along the said rod by means of any one of the
keys operated by hand, or of those operated by the foot, so that all the characters
are driven back towards one end of the said rule or rod. Or any other suitable
means may, if preferred be used also for the same purpose.
We would furthermore point out that the mechanism operating the slides and
causing the type to descend, as required, may be modified in any suitable manner,
for instance the action of the upper slide may be altered, and it may be caused to
act on the centre or on either side of the character it is desired to retain, instead of
allowing it to act upon the base or bottom thereof. For this purpose the space
between the noses or tappets may be increased so as to be greater than the depth
of an individual piece of type and about equal to one letter and a half. Besides,

page_text: the nose may terminate in a point, and a notch is provided about the top and
bottom of the letter. In that case the pivot or centre of rotation of the treble
lever should be moved up close to the stud so as to limit the movement or stroke of
the slide in accordance with the depth of the recess or groove of the character. In
this case, type of the male form should properly be employed, since in that type
the notch already exists and forms a rudiment towards the means of attachment
above referred to. When, therefore, in consequence of the action of the electro-
magnet, the column of type has descended the recess or groove in the second
character will be situated in front of the point of the nose or tappet, and whilst
the slides return to their original position, the nose will enter the body of the
second letter instead of passing underneath that body. Thus the upward
movement of the column is avoided under the influence of the nose and the power
which would have been expended in such movement is saved. It will be seen that
:
in the magazine shutter operating mechanism, the descent of the type does not
take place before the fingers are lifted off the keys, i.e. the type does not descend
whilst the keys are being depressed; the advantage of which arrangement is very
valuable in this respect a certain amount of hesitation may in some cases retard
somewhat the selection of the proper characters of which a given word consists, and
if the characters were to drop immediately the keys are depressed, they would do so
in the order of succession in which the operator touched the corresponding keys, and
not in the order in which the letters should properly succeed each other in the
particular word to be set up. No such hesitation can exist, however, at the time of
the release of the keys, and inasmuch as this release may in all cases be simultaneous,
all the characters must of necessity drop together and therefore assume their
positions in the proper order. Obviously where the rod is horizontal, no such
inconvenience will be experienced.
The lateral displacement of the type-magazine too, may be avoided as instead of
arranging it on rollers, a rule or bar and special shutters may be arranged, facing
each series of compartments, in which case, the keys of the keyboard may, by means
of suitable commutators, be connected with any one of the sets of compartments, or,
if necessary, with several such sets at a time. Type, no matter of what size or
style (whether Roman letters, italics, Gothic or other characters,) may then be
caused to drop upon the corresponding rule, without shifting the magazine, but
simply by the proper operation of the commutator. By placing the keyboard in
communication with several sets of type simultaneously, a number of lines may.
· obviously be set up at the same time by the operation of a single keyboard.
•
This mechanism is located on one side of the type-setting machine, at the foot or
base of the bar or rule, whereon the type is dropped, and it is preferably constructed
as follows
:-
The mechanism is supported by a bracket secured to the machine frame, and
carrying at its upper part a stationary horizontal frame whereon a movable piece
or carriage is adapted to slide. The carriage and frame are provided each with a
groove extending over the whole length of the apparatus. In each of these grooves
a rack with a double row of teeth, is adapted to slide. Between the teeth of the
upper row there are inserted a series of rods or rails whose shape in section is the
exact counterpart of the groove provided in the body of the characters. The lower
row of teeth of each rack is in gear with toothed wheels, mounted upon a shaft
operated by an escapement hereinafter described.
The stationary part and the movable part of the mechanism respectively carry
plates, called false pages and serving for correcting the set up matter. Upon these
plates there are arranged series of rules of inverted T form. These rules or rods
are placed side by side and so compressed that the distance between their axes is.
exactly equal to the distance between the axes of the rods placed upon the racks.
Besides, these, series of rules are situated on the same level as the rods.

page_text: It has already been stated that one false page, forms part of the stationary
frame of the making-up attachment; as to the other false page, it appertains
to the movable device or carriage. The distance between the carriages
determines the width of the page. To enable this distance to be varied in
accordance with the width of the page to be set up, there is provided a
crank-shaft, so mounted in the stationary frame that it may revolve, but
cannot be displaced longitudinally. This shaft is screw-threaded for a portion of
its length, which threaded part engages in a nut or tapped hole provided in the
projection or bracket located underneath the movable plate. It is only necessary
to act upon the crank of the said shaft to move the carriage upon the frame and
to vary thereby the distance between the false pages. The rails or rods carried by
the respective upper rows of teeth of the racks are retained between flanges,
projecting, respectively, from the stationary frame and from the movable piece or
carriage. The distance between these flanges is the same as the distance between
the false pages, and consequently, the length of the rods is equal to or a little less
than that distance. One flange is. slotted or notched to afford a passage for the
extension of the rod or rule whereon the type descends. This extension has a
suitable curve to ensure coincidence between the rule, and the end of each of the
rails as they come up flush with it in their forward movement..
The racks may be caused to advance in the requisite direction by any suitable
means, the following being preferred :-
In the extension if the line, the frame and the carriage are respectively notched;
or slotted in front of the racks so as to afford a passage for the gear wheels,
engaging respectively, with the racks, as above stated. The one wheel is rigidly!
secured on a shaft which, in its turn, is mounted upon the frame, the other wheel
being compelled to follow the carriage as it moves to and fro, it carries a collar
retained in a fork arranged at the base of the carriage, so that this fork carries the
said wheel along with it when the carriage is set in motion, while at the same time'
allowing the said wheel to revolve. The shaft is provided with a groove or any
other known or suitable means for causing the said wheel to participate in the rotary.,
motion of the said shaft, while permitting it at the same time to move upon the
said shaft. The mechanism employed for operating the above mentioned gear
wheels comprises a ratchet wheel keyed on to the shaft, and a drum or pulley on
which is wound a cord carrying a weight and it further comprises an electro-magnet
with an armature similar to the mechanism operating the shutters. This electro-
magnet is set in operation by one of the keys of the pedal-keyboard, so as to operate
a pallet, adapted to turn about a fixed pivot, and which in combination with the
ratchet, constitutes an escapement which, under the action of the weight, releases
one tooth of the ratchet wheel at each oscillation of the armature.
i
Before describing the general operation of the making-up and correcting
mechanism, it remains for us to describe the apparatus permitting the type which
has dropped upon the rule to be pushed on to the successive rails or rods of the
making-up mechanism. This apparatus consists of nippers the pivot joint of whose
arms or cheeks is arranged upon a lever adapted to turn about a screw, which thus
forms the pivot or fulcrum of that lever, and which, for the purpose is implanted-
in one of the uprights of the machine. This screw is so tightened that there is a
slight friction between the lever it carries, and the adjoining upright.
The fixed pivot of the lever is also the point at which the rule is first bent.
The ends of the jaws or cheeks of the nippers are connected with the rod, through
the medium of small links, one end of each of which is pivoted to the end of the
nipper jaws, while the opposite end is linked to the rod.
This rod is connected by its lower end to the pedal board, capable of turning on:
the pivot. A spring tends to cause the rod constantly to rise, and consequently to
raise also the pedal board. Another spring assists in thus raising the pedal board,'
and the rod is besides, provided at its upper end with an extension which bears on
a point situated below the pivot of the nippers, so as to limit the distance betweeíj-
-

page_text: the arms or jaws of the nippers owing to the push exercised upon the links by the
spring, and thereby cause the said nippers to rise again to their upper position.
The complete making up and correcting mechanism operates in the following
manner :-
i
After a certain number of characters have dropped down, and descended along
the rule, the pedal board is depressed and the rod is acted upon. This movement
may be performed at the same time as a pedal-key is depressed. For this purpose"
the spring of each of the pedal-keys is made less powerful than the raising springs
and taken jointly so that the key is first lowered, thereby causing the corresponding
space or stop to drop out of the type magazine, and then the pressure with the foot
is continued for the purpose of lowering the pedal to the full extent. The action
produced upon the connecting rod results in a double movement of the nippers.
(a) They first close owing to the resistance which is due to the friction taking
place between the lever and the upright, and
(b) After closing upon the characters situated at the top of the curved rod, they
are caused by the pull exercised upon the rod to surmount or overcome the friction
of the lever against the upright and to turn about a fixed pivot, carrying along
with it the type which follows its curvilinear course.
When the pedals are released, the nippers also perforin a double movement, but
in the opposite direction.
1
The spring causes the rod to rise, which rod through the medium of the links,
opens the jaws of the nippers, which for the time being are still retained in place
by the friction of the lever against the upright. The extension of the rod then
meets and bears upon the pivot-joint of the nippers and causes them to return to
their normal position without holding any type between their jaws.
***
The nippers might in, case of need be dispensed with, by inclining the rails or
rods of the making-up mechanism more or less, or even arranging them vertically.
The type would then be strung together upon such rods by virtue of their own
weight similarly to what takes place upon the rule.
To make-up a page of type, the racks are brought to the rear end or rearmost
limit of their backward stroke, so that the first rail or rod they carry comes up
against the rule carrying the characters, which are passed on to such rule under
the action of the nippers. When the operator finds that the first rail or, rod is
filled with type, he sets in operation the escapement, which moves forward the
racks the distance of one tooth when the second rail will take up its position
opposite to the rule. This second rail or rod is then like the first fille
filled with type
and the operation is further continued in the same manner.
The rails or rods are provided with dovetailed notches, which, owing to the
advance motion of the rails and racks move on to ribs of corresponding sliape
formed upon a plate of a width equal to the distance between the false pages,
minus the width of the two grooves. This plate is secured in any suitable manner,
say, by means of pins or studs to the carriage and the frame and serves as a
support for the set-up page, after it has been made up and corrected..
To correct mis-prints, it is only necessary, while the page is enclosed between
the false pages to push out of the way, to the right and left the fractions of lines
containing the errors, so that the type of which these fractions consist passes on to
the small rules or bars of the false page situated opposite to the rails of the lineš
to be corrected or altered.
:
Owing to their peculiar shape the characters may be readily removed from the
rules unprovided with the retaining flange or shoulder. They can then as readily
be replaced by the correct letters as will be understood, and when the erroneous
portions of the lines have been duly corrected or altered, they are moved back on
to the corresponding rail of the page, where they are permanently retained by the,
enlarged or flanged portion.
After setting up and correcting the whole page spaces may, if necessary be
inserted between the rails, after which the plate is removed from the apparatus,
.

page_text: along with the rails or rods it carries, and these are tightly compressed together
(with or without space lines between them) whereupon the page, being finally
made up, is in a condition to be taken to press.
It will be understood that as we have already pointed out in the introductory
statement-the shape of the type, and the type supports may be varied at will.
Thus for example it may be assumed that the characters terminate at their bases
in a dovetailed projection or rib, forming what has been termed male letters, the
corresponding supports being female and a retaining portion being provided or not
as may be required. In fact any other arrangements answering the same purpose
may evidently be employed instead of the construction herein specially referred to,
as has already been pointed out in our previous (French) Patent, cited in the early
part of this Specification.
We must not omit to point out too that our improved type setting machine
enables pages of type, of curved shape or outline to be made up. For this purpose
it is sufficient to replace the straight rods by curved rails or rods. The making up
and correcting mechanism remains practically unaltered, it being only necessary to
substitute a curved plate for the plane one, and to arrange the false pages in planes
tangential to the curved surface. The rule should in that case assume the shape
of an S so as always to form two arcs tangential with the rule and the curved rails
between which it is situated.
We will also mention that although simultaneousness of composition is the
primary object and fundamental principles of our invention, it is clear nevertheless,
that any person preferring to operate the keys of a key board, constructed sub-
stantially like ours, one by one in succession, instead of simultaneously, must be
considered as making use of improvements embodied in our invention. And it
will also be understood that what we desire to have protected by Letters Patent,
is the complete machine and all its improved parts or devices, taken either jointly
or severally with the possibility of varying the dimensions of the key board and
magazine, so that should it be desired to apply some of the improvements to
successive instead of simultaneous composition, the keyboard and type magazine, for
instance inay be arranged to comprise one alphabet only, which for successive
setting up is the most practical arrangement.
Dated this 28th day of May 1891
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improved Machinery for Setting Up Type.
We, VINCENZO CALENDOLI, and ANIELLO SAVARESE, both of 21 Boulevard
Poissonniere Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to an improved method of setting up type, which
we shall herein describe by. the term "simultaneous composition" and which is
carried into effect by means of special arrangements, the main features of which
may be stated as follows:
1. The type is set up in one continuous line, which may be straight, curved
circular or of other suitable shape, either horizontal or inclined, or occupying any
other convenient position, each letter of the alphabet being repeated in such
line a sufficient number of times to enable one or more words to be set up
simultaneously.
There is further provided a key board representing typographical characters so
arranged, combined and repeated, that the operator may readily touch the

page_text: required characters with his fingers in the desired order of succession, so as to
set up one or a series of words, according to requirements; and
3. The characters brought up to the line simultaneously under the action of the
key board, and, although following each other in the required order of succession
to form a given word or words, yet situated at some greater or less distance from
each other, are eventually connected by any suitable means to form the required
word or words.
Such being the essential features of our improved mode of typographical
composition, the same is carried out in practice by means of type of special
construction as described and claimed in the Specification of our prior Patent
No. 10348 of 1894, applied for under the International Convention and dating back
to 4th November 1893.
As set forth in that Patent, the distinguishing features of the type are that the
characters are much shorter than those of the ordinary type that has been in use
hitherto, and further that their bodies are provided with means of attachment,
either "male" or "female," adapted to fit a correspondingly, but, inversely,
shaped retaining portion of a support (being "male in the case of a "female"
type and "female" in the case of a "male" type).
Type of this description will moreover admit of the employment of another kind
of support, also either female "
or "male," according to the construction of the
characters it is to receive, but differing from the first mentioned support in this
particular, that it is unprovided with any retaining piece, so that the characters
may be placed thereon, or removed therefrom, by being shifted in the direction of
their length or depth.
This last mentioned support serves to receive the characters from the setting
up machine, and also permits their removal and replacement for proof-correcting
purposes.
"
"
As to the first mentioned support, it constitutes the "skeleton or " framework
of the page, as it were, determining beforehaud the position of all the lines of the
page and permanently retaining thereon the characters that are set up.
It should, however, be clearly understood that we do not wish to limit the scope
of our invention to the employment of type of the construction just described,
- inasmuch as the same system is applicable, in case of need, both to ordinary type
and to the usual method of arranging the set-up matter into pages.
What is however more particularly characteristic of our system of typographical
composition and forms the base thereof is the simultaneity of the process.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer
to the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings, the same letters of
reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures, but it will be understood
that we fully reserve for ourselves the right to modify the operating mechanism,
the details of construction, and the shapes and dimensions of all or any of the
parts or devices constituting it, so long as the principle of the invention is not
departed from.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed according to our
invention.
'
Figure 1 is a vertical section of parts of the mechanism for forming and
correcting the set up page on line 1-2 Figure 1.
Figure 2 is a side elevation, and
Figure 3 a plan thereof.
Figure 4 is a sectional side elevation drawn to a larger scale representing one of
the parts of mechanism for closing the type-receptacle or magazine.
Figure 4 shows a modification of such mechanism.
Figure 5 is a view taken at an angle of 90° to the preceding figure showing part
of the series of shutters constituting the closing mechanism.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section of parts of the type magazine.
Figure 7 is a plan of the key board detached (drawn to a larger scale).

page_text: end an eccentric e³ working in an eye which is provided with a plate e³ secured to
each upright B¹ of the frame of plates B.
The lower portion of the type magazine is inclined and toothed, the unequal
width of the teeth corresponding to the width of the several vertical compartments
containing the type, so that they may exactly fit the shutters F of the said
compartments, and that too wide gaps are avoided.
A screw G capable of being screwed into each of the uprights A, and the end of
which bears upon the upright B₁ of the type-receptacle or case, permits the
adjustment of the position of such receptacle across the machine, i.e.: in the
direction of its width.
II. KEY-BOARD.
The key-board H of our type-setting machine is supported in front of the said
machine by the legs a of the upright members A of the frame. Its object is
to bring into one line simultaneously all the characters necessary for setting up a
given word or number of words, and it presents the following peculiar features:
The type is distributed in sets or groups such as H1, H2. H³, distinguish-
able from each other at first sight by their different colours, though, as regards the
principle of their arrangement, the several groups are of course identical.
In each group of type the vowels and consonants alternate, either in the
longitudinal or in the transverse direction, the preferred arrangement being that
one vowel is encased or confined between four consonants. The keys being
arranged sufficiently near each other, one vowel, and any one of the four consonants
surrounding it, may be touched simultaneously with one finger, so that
movement of the finger is sufficient to set up a syllable.
one
In the type magazine, on the other hand, the type is arranged in consecutive
series such as K (Figure 9), each of which corresponds to a group,-repeated
several times over across the machine, as at H' for example, so that the keys
situated at the identical point in each group or set, as at 6 for example, correspond
to the same character in the magazine.
In each set of letters which jointly constitute the magazine line, the vowels and
consonants are distributed in consecutive groups or sets k (Figure 9), so that any
one of the vowels of one group may be combined with any one of the consonants of
the preceding or following groups. These arrangements of the key-board and
type-magazine have been adopted with a view to enabling the operator, by one
movement of his hand, and with his fingers in any natural position, simultaneously
to touch or depress all the letters entering into the composition of one or more
words, so as to cause the corresponding characters to leave the case or magazine in
the proper order.
The capital letters form a separate set in the key-board, such set being
reproduced three times in the transverse direction,-as at H, (Figure 3) similarly
to the other groups of letters above referred to. This group of capitals also has a
group corresponding to it in the type-magazine; and it will, moreover, be
understood that, if necessary, there may be a number of such groups or sets of
capitals.
Again, those characters which are seldom used, also form a separate group such
as reproduced three times as is the group of capitals.
The spaces and stops may be distributed in one line on one edge of the
key-board, (Figure 3).
These spaces and stops are also inscribed upon the keys ¹ of the pedal board 1.
The keys of the line i, as well as the keys connected with the pedal board
correspond to a second series in the type magazine or case.

page_text: the characters to leave the said magazine in the required order of succession to
form the word or words to be set up, we preferably employ electrical motion-
transmitting apparatus, such as we will here describe by way of example. It
should, however, be clearly understood that other transmission gearing of any
suitable kind, such as lever mechanism, may be employed without departure from
the principle of the invention.
This apparatus consists of a series of parts which are all identical with each
other and which correspond each to a compartment of the type magazine (Figures 4,
5, and 6).
The mechanism mainly consists of a series of sliding shutters such as F
(Figure 4,) each operated by an electro-magnet L through the medium of an
arrangement of transmitting levers. The electro-magnets are arranged into a
number of series or groups supported respectively by cross pieces L2, (Figure 2) of
the main frame of the machine.
One end of the wire of each electro-magnet is connected to three contact
pieces 1 (Figure 8) corresponding to the same letter in each of the repeated groups
of letters, HH',
H. The other end of the wire leads to a battery, whence
starts another wire leading to a copper plate extending over the whole of the
key-board and making electrical connection with all the keys. It is therefore only
necessary to depress any one of the keys to close the circuit of the corresponding
electro-magnet.
:
As shown in Figure 8, the contacts are arranged in sets of three, each
corresponding to the same electro-magnet, so that by depressing any one of the
corresponding three keys (say, the key of the letter b) the current is sent through
the same electro-magnet. It is therefore immaterial what letter is touched in any
one of the three superposed groups or sets; the same electro-magnet will in each
case be operated, and in each case, too, the same compartment of the magazine will
be opened.
As stated, this arrangement has been adopted in order to facilitate manipulation,
whilst reducing at the same time the number of electro-magnets and magazine
compartments to be operated. Some of the wires and their contacts are arranged
just underneath the keys (Figure 8). As to the other wires their contacts are
provided with crank shaped extensions 12 (Figure 9) also terminating below the
corresponding keys.
The mechanism which serves to transmit the action exercised upon each group of
three keys and upon the corresponding electro-magnets to the corresponding
magazine compartment is constructed as follows:-
--
In front of each electro-magnet L there is arranged an armature M pivotted to a
fixed pin m. Through the opposite end of the armature, there passes a screw-
threaded rod m³ having a milled nut m² screwed on to it, on which bears the end of
the armature. M; the said put m² serving to adjust the extent of motion of the
armatures M. The rod m' is pivotted at m³ to one of the arms of the three-armed
lever N turning on a pivot which projects from a platen (Figures 4 and 5).
The two other arms of the lever N carry studs n² and n³, entering extended or
elongated eyes provided in the slides F F'. The slides are guided by projections or
lugs n n, as they perform the longitudinal movement imparted to them by the
lever N, the said lugs projecting from the plate n and engaging in extended slide-
ways ff provided in the said slides F F'. These slides F F terminate,
respectively in tappets f³, one of which f³, is slightly bevelled at the top for the
purpose hereinafter to be specified. A spring R, secured to each of the plates n
constantly tends to force back the slide F, and consequently to push the other
slide F forward, thereby counteracting the action of the electro-magnet.
The series of plates n and slides F F are carried by an inclined cross piece T
forming part of the main frame of the machine, in the grooves n° of which the said
plates n are embedded. The said cross piece also carries an inclined rod or rule S
following the incline of the magazine bottom. There are as many plates n and
slides FF, placed side by side, as there are compartments in the type case or

page_text: magazine, taken in the direction of its length. As to the electro-magnets, there
being some difficulty in arranging them beside each other on account of their size,
they are arranged in several superposed series or rows, (Figure 1), all corresponding
to the single series of parts or devices n FF', placed side by side. To form the
connection between the several series of electro-magnets, and the series of devices
just referred to, it is only necessary to vary the length of the rod m³, according to
the level on which the series of electro-magnets to be connected is situated.
To ensure a perfect closing of the lower orifice of each magazine compartment by
the corresponding slide F, the lower edge of the two plates B of the magazine is
provided with saw teeth or ribs (Figures 1 and 5), comprising horizontal ribs 62 and
vertical ribs 63, which latter serve to adjust the position of the former. The
horizontal ribs are unequal in length, their size corresponding to the width of the
particular compartment to which they belong, the size of which compartment
varies, in its turn, according to the width of the body of the letter. Against
these horizontal ribs the shutter F is arranged to slide.
The characters X (Figure 4) the construction of which is based upon the principle
stated in the introductory part of this Specification, are provided with a groove,
the innermost portion of which is wider than the portion nearest to its edges.
Besides one of their lower edges is bevilled, as at r', its incline corresponding to that
formed on a tappet or nose 3 on the slide for a purpose hereinafter to be specified.
The operation of the mechanism is as follows:-
We will suppose that the type magazine has been shifted on its rollers D D' D²
by means of suitable mechanism enabling it to be displaced laterally, so that one set
of compartments, we will say the set 6,-containing the Roman characters is
situated opposite to the rule S intended to receive the type (Figures 4 and 6).
The word or words to be set up are formed by acting upon the key-board with all
the fingers of the hand at once. The electro-magnets corresponding to the depressed
keys immediately attract their armature with the result that the tail-picce N of each
of the treble levers that are operated, is depressed.
The consequence of this lowering of the lever-tails is a backward movement of the
-one slide F, which therefore opens the corresponding compartment, and a forward
movement of the other slide F¹, which thus retains the column of characters the
uncovering of the compartment has allowed to descend.
When the hand of the operator is lifted off the key-board, the armature M ceases
to exercise its attractive power, and the spring R imparts to each of the slides F F
a movement in a direction opposite to that which it had just completed before.
The one slide F. advances, and its nose or tappet f³, with its incline, meets the
corresponding incline of the second character of the column; the two inclines
slide one upon the other, and the whole of the column rises again, with the exception
of the first letter which rests upon the nose f* of the slide F¹. But owing to the
backward movement of the said slide F, that letter is released and, in descending,
takes up its position astride the rule S which thus receives all the characters
corresponding to the keys of the key-board which the fingers of the operator have
just abandoned.
The characters then slide along the incline rule S, in consequence of its sloping
position, and gather at the bottom of the slope in the proper order and with the
required spaces between them.
It should be observed, however that the inclined position of the rule or rod S,-
which is here taken advantage of as a means for connecting together the characters
removed from their compartments, their own weight being used as a means for
propelling them,-is not absolutely necessary. A sliding tappet, for example, may
be arranged to move along a horizontal, or otherwise disposed, rule or rod, the said
tappet being moved all along the said rod by means of any one of the keys operated
by hand, or of those operated by the foot, so that all the characters are driven back
towards one end of the said rule or rod. Or any other suitable means may, if
preferred, be used also for the same purpose.
We would furthermore point out that the mechanism operating the slides F F¹,

page_text: and causing the type to descend, as required, may be modified in any suitable
manner. As shown in Figure 4^, for example, where the action of the upper
slide F may be altered, being caused to act on the centre or on either side of the
character it is desired to retain, instead of allowing it to act upon the base or
bottom thereof. For this purpose the space between the noses or tappets f
may be increased so as to be greater than the depth of an individual piece of type
and about equal to one letter and a half. Besides, the nose f³ may terminate in a
point, and a notch a is provided about midway between the top and bottom of the
letter X. In that case the pivot or centre of rotation n' of the treble lever N,
should be moved up close to the stud n² so as to limit the movement or stroke of
the slide F in accordance with the depth of the recess or groove of the character X.
In this case type of the form shown in Figure 10 should properly be employed,
since in that type the notch al already exists and forms a rudiment towards the
means of attachment above referred to. When, therefore, in consequence of the
action of the electro-magnet, the column of type has descended, the recess or
groove in the second character will be situated in front of the point of the nose or
tappet f, and whilst the slides return to their original position, the nose f³ will
enter the body of the second letter instead of passing underneath that body. Thus
the upward movement of the column is avoided under the influence of the nose fa
and the power which would have been expended in such movement is saved. It
will be seen that in the magazine-shutter operating mechanism, the descent of the
type does not take place before the fingers are lifted off the keys, i.e. the type
does not descend whilst the keys are being depressed; the advantage of which
arrangement is very valuable in this respect; a certain amount of hesitation may in
some cases retard somewhat the selection of the proper characters of which a
given word consists, and if the characters were to drop immediately the keys are
depressed, they would do so in the order of successsion in which the operator.
touched the corresponding keys, and not in the order in which the letters should
properly succeed each other in the particular word to be set up. No such
besitation can exist, however, at the time of the release of the keys, and inasmuch.
as this release may in all cases be simultaneous, all the characters must of necessity
drop together and therefore assume their positions in the proper order. Obviously,.
where the rod S is horizontal, no such inconvenience will be experienced.
.
:
The lateral displacement of the type-magazine, too, may be avoided, as instead
of arranging it on rollers D, D' and D, a rule or bar and special shutters may be
arranged, facing each series of compartments 64 b ..; in which case, the keys of
the keyboard may, by means of suitable commutators, be connected with any one
of the sets of compartments, or, if necessary, with several such sets at a time..
Type, no matter of what size or style (whether Roman letters, italics, Gothic, or
other characters, may then be caused to drop upon the corresponding rule, without
shifting the magazine, but simply by the proper operation of the commutator or
switch. By placing the keyboard in communication with several sets of type
simultaneously, a number of lines may obviously he set-up at the same time by the
operation of a single key-board.
The construction of the pedal keys and their connections with the sliding
shutters and electro magnets is the same as that of the keyboard mechanism we
have just described more especially with reference to Figures 6 and 8 except that
in the case of the pedal keys one pedal key only can form contact with a.
corresponding electro-magnet.
The arrangement is shewn in detail in Figures 94 and 9B.
Fig. 94 shews a part of the keyboard with a top line i of stops or punctuations.
and also pedal keys on the pedal-board for operating such stops with the foot
when desired. L represents an electro-magnet and M is the armature which can
operate through the nut m² and screw threaded rod m' a lever N (Figure 6) for
passing the required stop or punctuation onto the rule S as already described.
Figure 9 shews the pedal board I in section.
The pedal keys are employed for opening the magazines containing the stops but

page_text: anism is located on one side or the type setting machine, at the foot or
base of the bar or rule S, whereon the type is dropped, (Figure 1, 1ª and 3) and it
is preferably constructed as follows:
:-
The mechanism is supported by a bracket u secured to the machine frame and
carrying at its upper part a stationary horizontal frame U, whereon a moveable
piece or carriage V is adapted to slide. The carriage V and frame U are provided
each with a groove u¹ v', extending over the whole length of the apparatus. In each
of these grooves, a rack with a double row of teeth u², v² is adapted to slide.
Between the teeth of the upper row, there are inserted a series of rods or rails S¹
(Figure 10). whose shape in section is the exact counterpart of the groove x,
provided in the body of the characters X. The lower row of teeth of each rack,
is in gear with toothed wheels, u³, v³, mounted upon a shaft Y, operated by an
escapement shown in Figure 14 and hereinafter described.
The stationary part U, and the moveable part V of the mechanism respectively
carry plates uv, called "false pages," and serving for correcting the set-up-
matter. Upon these plates there are arranged series of rules S2 of the shape in
section shown in Figure 11. These rules or rods are placed side by side, and so
compressed that the distance between their axes is exactly equal to the distance
between the axes of the rods S¹ placed upon the racks u² v. Besides these series
of rules S2 are situated on the same level as the rods S¹.
It has already been stated that one false page u', forms part of the stationary
frame U of the making-up attachment, as to the other false page it forms.part
of the moveable device or carriage V. The distance between the carriages *
and determines the width of the page. To enable this distance to be varied in
accordance with the width of the page to be set up, there is provided a crank-
shaft Y'so mounted in the stationary frame U, that it may revolve, but cannot be
displaced longitudinally. This shaft is screw-threaded for a portion of its length,
which threaded part engages in a nut or tapped hole provided in the projection or
bracket located underneath the moveable plate v. It is only necessary to act
upon the crank of the said shaft Y' to move the carriage V upon the frame U and
to vary thereby the distance between the false pages u', v. The rails or rods S¹
carried by the respective upper rows of teeth of the racks u² ², are retained
between flanges uv, projecting respectively, from the stationary frame U, and
from the moveable piece or carriage V. The distance between these flanges is the
same as the distance between the false pages u v', and consequently, the length of
the rods S' is equal to or a little less than that distance. The flange u is slotted
or notched at u' to afford a passage for the extension S3 of the rod or rule S
whereon the type descends. This extension has a suitable curve to ensure
coincidence between the rule S, and the end of each of the rails S₁ as they come
up flush with it in their forward movement. The racks may be caused to
advance in the direction of the arrow (Figure 3) by any suitable means, the
following being preferred:-
In the extension S³ of the line, the frame U, and the carriage V are respectively,

page_text: notched or slotted, in front of the racks u² ² so as to afford a passage for the gear
wheels engaging respectively with the racks u v, as above stated. The
wheel u is rigidly secured on the shaft Y, which in its turn is mounted upon the
frame U. The wheel being compelled to follow the carriage V as it moves to
and fro, carries a collar retained in a fork v arranged at the base of the carriage V,
so that this fork carries the said wheel along with it when the carriage is set in
motion, while at the same time allowing the said wheel to revolve. The shaft Y is
provided with a groove or any other known or suitable means for causing the said
wheel to participate in the rotary motion of the said shaft, while permitting it
at the same time to move upon the said shaft. The mechanism employed for
operating the above mentioned gear wheels comprises a ratchet wheel y keyed on
to the shaft Y, and a drum or pulley y' on which is wound a cord carrying
a weight y. And it further comprises an electro-magnet with an armature M
similar to the mechanism operating the shutters. This electro-magnet is set in
operation by a key for example, adjacent to the pedal keyboard, so as to operate
a pallet y adapted to turn about a fixed pivot y and which in combination
with the ratchet y, constitutes an escapement which, under the action of the
weight y releases one tooth of the ratchet wheel y, at each oscillation of the
armature M.
Before describing the general operation of the making-up and correcting
mechanism, it remains for us to describe the apparatus permitting the type which
has dropped upon the rule S to be pushed on to the successive rails or rods S¹ of
the making-up mechanism. This apparatus consists (as shewn in Figures 1 and 2)
of nippers Z, the pivot-joint z of whose arms or cheeks is arranged upon a lever ¹
adapted to turn about a screw which thus forms the pivot or fulcrum of that
lever, and which for the purpose, is implanted in one of the uprights A of the
machine. This screw is so tightened that there is a slight friction between the
lever it carries, and the adjoining upright A. The said screw z² being the fixed
pivot of the lever is also the point at which the rule S is first bent. The ends
of the jaws or cheeks of the nippers Z, are connected with the rod through the
medium of small links one end of which is pivoted to the end of the nipper-
jaws, while the opposite end is linked to the rod . This rod is connected by its
lower end to the pedal board I capable of turning on the pivot P. A spring
tends to cause the rod constantly to rise, and consequently to raise also the
pedal board. Another spring 23 assists in thus raising the pedal board and the
rod is besides provided at its upper end with an extension which bears on a
point situated below the pivot of the nippers z, so as to limit the distance
between the arms or jaws of the nippers, owing to the push exercised upon the
links by the spring, and thereby cause the said nippers to rise again to their
upper position.
1
The complete making-up and correcting mechanism operates in the following
manner :-
:
After a certain number of characters have dropped down and descended along the
rule S, the pedal board is depressed, and the rod 21 is acted upon. This movement
may be performed at the same time as a pedal key is being depressed. For this
purpose the spring of each of the pedal keys is made less powerful than the
springs 23 and taken jointly, so that the key is first lowered, thereby causing
the corresponding space or stop to drop out of the type-magazine, and then the
pressure with the foot is continued for the purpose of lowering, the pedal board
to the full extent. The action produced upon the connecting rod or pitman
results in a double movement of the nippers:-
(a) They first close owing to the resistance which is due to the friction taking
place between the lever and the upright A, and
(b) After closing upon the characters situated at the top of the curved rod S*
they are caused by the pull exercised upon the rod 2 to surmount or overcome
the friction of the lever against the upright and to turn about a fixed pivot :*
carrying along with it the type which follows its curvilinear course.

page_text: When the pedals are released, the nippers also perform a double movement, but
in the opposite direction.
The spring. causes the rod z to rise, which rod, through the medium of the
links opens the jaws of the nippers, which for the time being are still retained
in place by the friction of the. lever ¹, against the upright.. The. extension 27, of
the rod then meets, and bears upon the pivot-joint of the nippers and causes
them to return to their normal position without. holding any type between their
jaws.
.
The nippers might, in case of need, be dispensed with, by inclining the
rails or rods S¹ of the making-up mechanism more or less, or even arranging
them vertically. The type would then be strung together upon such
rods S by virtue of their own weight, similarly to what takes place upon the
rule S..
To make up a page of type, the racks are brought to the rear end or rearmost
limit of their backward stroke, so that the first rail or rod they carry comes up
against the rule S3 carrying the characters, which are passed on to such rule under
the action of the nippers Z. When the operator. finds that the first rail or rod is
filled with type, he sets in operation the escapement, which moves forward the
racks the distance of one tooth, when the second rail will take up its position
opposite to the rule S3 This second rail or rod is then like the first filled with
type, and the operation is further continued in the same manner.
The rails or rods 'S' are provided with dove-tailed notches.(Figure 12) 'which
owing to the advance motion of the rails and racks move on to ribs w, of corre-
sponding shape formed upon a plate W of a width équal to the distance between
the false "pages, minus the width of the two grooves ut. This plate.is secured
in any suitable manner, say, by means of pins or studs w¹ to the carriage V, and
the frame U, and serves as a support for the set up page, after it has been made
up and corrected.'
To correct misprints, it is. only necessary. while the page is enclosed between
the false pages to push out of the way to the right and left, the fractions of
lines containing the errors, so that the type of which these fractions.consist passes
on to the small rules or bars S of the false page, situated opposite to the rails St
of the lines to be corrected or altered.
Owing to their peculiar shape, the characters may be readily removed from the
rules unprovided with the retaining flange or shoulder s. They can then as
readily be replaced by the' correct letters, as 'will be understood, and when the
erroneous portions of the lines have been duly corrected or altered, they are moved
back on to the corresponding rail of the page, where they are permanently, retained
by the enlarged or flanged portion s.
After, setting. up and correcting the whole page, spaces may, if. necessary, be
inserted between the rails'; after which the plate W'is removed from the apparatus,
along with the rails or rods it. carries, and these are tightly compressed together
(with or without space-lines between them.) whereupon the page, being finally 'made
up is in a condition to be' taken to press.
It will be understood that as we have already pointed out in the introductory
statement, the shape of the type X 'and. the type supports S S' 'S' may, be varied
at will. Thus for example (Figures 104 and 114) it may be assumed that the
characters terminate at their bases in a dovetailed projection or rib, forming what
has been termed "male" letters, the corresponding supports. being "female," and,
a retaining portions being provided, or not as may be required. In fact any
other arrangements answering the same purpose may evidently be employed
instead of the construction herein specially referred to, as has already been
pointed out in our aforesaid prior Patent, cited in the early, part of this
Specification.
'
We must not omit to point out too, that our improved type-setting machine,
enables pages of type of curved shape or outline to be made up. For this purpose
it is sufficient to replace the straight rods S₁ (Figure 12) by curved rails or rods

page_text: as are shown in Figure 12. The making up and correcting mechanism
ains practically unaltered': it being only necessary to substitute a curved plate
the plane one, and to arrange the false pages in planes, tangential to the
ed surface. The rule S should then assume the shape of an S, so as always
orm two arcs, tangential with the rule S and curved rails S'..
Ve will also mention that although simultaneousness of composition is the
nary object and fundamental principles of our invention, it is clear, nevertheless
any person preferring to operate the keys of a key-board, constructed sub-
tially like ours, one by one in succession, instead of simultaneously must be
idered as making use of improvements embodied in our invention. And it
also be understood that what we desire to have protected by Letters Patent
e complete machine and all its improved parts or devices, taken either jointly
everally with the possibility of varying the dimensions of the key-board and
azine, so that, should it be desired to apply some of the improvements to
essive, instead of simultaneous composition the key-board and type magazine,
instance may be arranged to comprise one alphabet only, which for successive
ing up is the most practical arrangement.
Laving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
m is :-
The combination in type setting machinery of
(a) One or more type cases or magazines in which the compartments
containing the same characters are repeated several times over, and have
their orifices arranged on a continuous straight or curved line.
(b) A key board in which the keys bearing the same letters are repeated
several times over so as to enable any letters or groups of letters to be
touched with the fingers simultaneously, they being arranged in the required.
order to form a given word or series of words,
(c) Type-operating mechanism adapted to open the compartments of the
type magazine corresponding to the letters or keys of the key board which
have been depressed to cause the type necessary for the formation of a
given word or number of words to issue simultaneously, and in the required
order, in one line, from the respective compartments containing them.
(d) The arrangement of an inclined rule or line for the reception of the type
issuing from the type-case or magazine, or any other convenient motor
device for combining into words the characters arranged on one line, but
disconnected, as they leave the respective compartments containing them,
the words thus formed being arranged in either straight or curved lines by
any suitable making-up nechanism, substantially as described.
Improved machinery for setting up type consisting of the combination of a
e case or magazine divided into a number of vertical and rectilinear
partments wherein the characters are superposed, each column of characters
ng repeated several times over; a key board having multiple keys wherein the
ers are arranged in groups with mechanism for transmitting the movements, of
keys to the shutters of the type-case compartments; an inclined rule parallel
he lower edge of the said type case or magazine; and mechanism for making up
page of set-up type, consisting of a series of either straight or curved rails or
whereon the characters are strung together by means of nippers adapted to be
in operation by a pedal board such series of rails or rods constituting the
leton or frame work of the page and being arranged to move forward step by
, a distance equal to the space between two consecutive rails or rods, in
portion as. each such rail or rod becomes filled with type, so that they advance
ween two false pages constituted by a series of rules corresponding, as to spacing,
he distance between the said rails or rods, substantially, as and for the purposes
ein before described.
In type setting machinery of the class referred to in the first and second

page_text: claiming clauses a type magazine divided into a series of compartiments arranged
side by side in a line, in which compartments the characters are superposed, such
compartments being arranged and reproduced, so that the letters of several different
kinds of alphabets are repeated in alternating groups consisting each of a series
of consonants and a series of vowels substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings.
4. In type setting machinery of the class characterized by the first and second
claiming clauses, a type magazine divided into two or more series of compartments
arranged side by side in lines as set forth in the preceding claiming clause, the
said magazine being supported and guided by rollers so as to be capable of
receiving motion at right angles to the lines of the type cases by any suitable
means, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference
to Figures 1, 4 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
5. In type setting machinery such as is referred to in the first and second
claiming clauses, the combination of a type case or magazine divided into one or
more series of compartments as claimed in the third and fourth claiming clauses,
and containing type in the body of which a groove or recess is provided with an
inclined rule whereon the pieces of type are arranged to drop astride, in
proportion as the corresponding compartments of the type case open substantially
as and for the purposes described.
6. In type setting machinery such as is referred to in the first and second
claiming clauses, the arrangement of a keyboard divided into a series of groups or
sets of letters, generally identical with each other, in each of which groups the
consonants and vowels are arranged alternately in all directions, substantially as
and for the purposes herein before described with reference to Figure 7 of the
accompanying drawings.
7. In type setting machinery such as referred to in the first and second claiming
clauses, the combination of mechanism for transmitting motion in which a series of
electro-magnets are set in operation by the depression of one or more keys of
the key-board, each being combined through the medium of an armature and
lever with two sliding shutters adapted to operate in front of the orifice of each
compartment of a type-magazine substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and as illustrated in Figure 4 or in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
8. In type setting machinery such as referred to in the first and second claiming
clauses the combination of the electro-magnets of the motion transmitting
mechanism, with the keys of a keyboard, in such a manner, that each electro-
magnet is electrically connected with three or more keys of the keyboard bearing
the same letter, substantially as and for the purposes bereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings....
9. In type setting machinery such as referred to in the first and second
claiming clauses, the making-up apparatus, consisting of a stationary frame and
a moveable carriage adapted to slide upon the said frame, the said frame and
carriage being each provided with a rack arranged to slide in a corresponding
groove, the said rack supporting the series of rails or rods of a shape in section
corresponding to the shape of the groove or recess formed in the type, the said
rails or rods being also provided with dovetailed notches corresponding to dove-
tailed ribs formed upon a plate for carrying the page after it has been made up,
the whole combination of racks and rails constituting the skeleton or frame work
of the page, being successively displaced a distance corresponding to the distance
between two consecutive rails, in front of the rule or rod receiving the type from
the magazine, by means of an escapement operated by one of the key board or
pedal board keys or studs, and causing two gear wheels successively to move the
space of one tooth, such gear wheels engaging with a series of teeth provided at
the lower part of each of the racks, substantially as and for the purposes described
with reference to Figures 1, 1 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
10. The combination with making-up mechanism such as referred to in the ninth

page_text: claiming clause of two false pages, one of which is arranged upon the stationary
frame, and the other upon the carriage, the spacing of the false pages corresponding
to the width of the page proper, such false pages being formed by a series of rules
adapted to enter the grooves of the characters, while at the same time enabling
such characters to be removed and replaced, the said rules being at the same
distance from each other, as the lines of the pages when they are placed between
the teeth of the racks, the rails or lines of the page being compressed after correction,
with or without the insertion of space rules between them, so as to form the
complete page, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 1ª and 3 of
the accompanying drawings.
11. In type setting machinery such as referred to in the first and second
claiming clauses, the arrangement of nippers, the pivot joint of which is formed on
a lever mounted in frictional contact with one of the parts of the machine, the
cheeks or jaws of the said nippers being arranged to move along the arc-shaped
extension of the rule which receives the type from the type-case, and the arms of
the said nippers being connected by links to a spring controlled rod connected to
the pedals, all operating substantially as and for the purposes herein before described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
12. The general arrangement construction and combination of parts constituting
improved machinery for setting up type substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th day of February 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.