CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGHS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Smith Flanders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceedl not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, SMITH FLANDERS, of Wingham, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGHS" to be as follows (that is to say): My
Invention consists, firstly, in constructing ploughs with a share revolving
horizontally upon a vertical bolt or pin, so as to form an oblique or
angular share of any inclination that may be required. Secondly, in a
chap for ploughs having a revolving horizontal share as aforesaid, which
chap is made in two parts, and these parts bolted together, to receive
the horizontal revolving share, one point being above and the other
below the said share, so as to form a sort of bearing shoulder, and the
bolt passing through the said share, which revolves upon it to a certain
distance in either direction, a vacant space being left between the two
parts of the chap from the share to the heel, so as to allow a lever
working between the two parts of the chap to act upon the share, and
cause it to revolve till it reaches the required position. Thirdly, a

page_text: necked revolving coulter stem for ploughs, as above described, passing
through the beam of the plough, which coulter stem is furnished with
adjusting collars and with set screws, and so formed as to receive
a coulter blade skeef, or so called wheel coulter, as occasion may
require, with adjusting screws at the back of it, against which it may
fall back, so as to be prevented from revolving further than is required;
and in connection with a coulter stem, as above described, I employ
two short levers or reins attached to the arm of the upper set collar, to
which two connecting rods are attached at one end, while the other
ends of the said connecting rods are attached to a cross or T headed
lever, which lever works the share and wrests or breasts, as well as the
coulter being made fast to the top of a spindle that passes through the
beam of the plough, and through the upper part of the chap, the lower
end of the said spindle being formed into a crank, which crank works
between the two parts of the chap actuating the share lever, which
share lever causes the share to revolve in a horizontal position; and in
conjunction with the spindle, I employ a connecting link by which to
work the wrests or breasts; the effect of which arrangements is, that by
turning the spindle with the aforesaid T headed lever or winch, a
motion is communicated to the coulter stem, and also the share, which
causes them to revolve to the required distance; and one of the wrests
or breasts is drawn in while the other is pushed out to the required
distance. Fourthly, I employ, in connection with the above arrange-
ments, or independently, a slicer or cutter with one or two blades, as
occasion may require, for paring the grass off the edge of the furrow,
the stem of the said slicer passing through the beam of the plough
behind the coulter stem, and being adjusted to its proper position by
sliding up and down through the beam of the plough, in which it is
secured by a set screw.
I claim as new, and of my own Invention, firstly, the construction of
ploughs with a share revolving horizontally, as distinguished from
plough shares either fixed or revolving vertically, which have been
hitherto in use; and I claim the use of such plough shares, whether
they be furnished with single or with double cutting edges, and
whether they revolve more or less, and by whatever apparatus they
may be caused to revolve in a horizontal position.

page_text: Secondly, a revolving coulter, as above described.
Thirdly, I claim the apparatus above described, for giving motion to
the share coulter and wrests or breasts of ploughs.
Fourthly, I claim the use of a slicer or grass cutter as above
described, whether single or double bladed, and whether attached to an
ordinary plough, or in conjunction with my above improvements, or any
part of them.
Finally, all the above improvements in the construction of ploughs,
whether applied to swing ploughs, foot ploughs, or wheel ploughs,
or whether used separately or connectively, I claim as the original
Inventor.