Improvements in the Burning of Mineral and other Oils for Heating and Lighting Purposes and in Appliances Connected therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 13th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 18th Nov., 1887
Improvements in the Burning of Mineral and other Oils for
Heating and Lighting Purposes and in Appliances Connected
therewith.
I, JAMES LYLE, of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My said Invention comprises special improvements in the construction, or combina-..
tion of the parts, of burners, or jet nozzles, for the burning of mineral or others oils
for lighting and heating purposes, and in which either air pressure or a steam jet or
jets is or are made to unite and burn with the oil jet in or at the point of these
improved nozzle burners, so as to cause more perfect combustion and give greater,
light and heat than by burners as heretofore constructed.
The nature and novelty of the invention or improvements in the construction of the
said nozzle burners, consist all as follows:-First in constructing the nozzle part of
the burner of such an annular form as to eject the oil and air or the oil and steam in a
united thin annular jet or spray from the burner; or Second, in two such thin
annular jets separate but so close that they will unite as they escape from the burner
and form one annular spray jet; in either case so hot and vapourised that this jet will
burn in a long bright flame in any suitable combustion chamber or furnace above or
beyond the burner, suitable for either lighting or heating purposes. This annular jet
of oil and air, or oil and steam when inade of some considerable size (as from " to ")
will really burn as a hollow cylindrical flame, and by a further improvement I fit a
small nozzle in the centre of the burner to supply a small circular jet of pressure air,
or the steam within the annular spray jet of oil, and air or steam to assist the perfect
combustion of these within the hollow flame. One simple improved construction of
this burner, or nozzle arrangement, suitable for very general use in fulfilling the
purposes of this invention, consists in forming and fitting the small hollow cylindrical
tube stem with steadying feathers, concentrically within a larger outer cylinder, both
preferably with screwed necks and stop joint collars at their lower ends, for being
secured into their correspondingly screwed sockets, the centre one into that of its oil

page_text: supply branch and controlling valve fittings, and the large outer ono into that of its
air supply branch and valve fittings concentrical to the inner stem so as either to lead
and separate the supply of pressure air, or steam whichever is used in the annular
space between the centre oil stem and the outer tube. The upper part of the inner
tube is made with a close cylindrical end with a very narrow lateral slot, or a ring of
small holes to emit a thin stream of oil out into a narrow annular nozzle formed all
round the front of the inner perforated nozzle, formed by the contracted upper end of
the outer tube stem which induces a narrow stream or jet of air (or steam) past the
oil outlet so as to draw and force this out in a combined annular or hollow spray jet
of oil and air, or oil and steam, for being ignited and burned beyond the burner as
herein before stated.
When a small central circular jet of air, or of steam, is to be admitted out at the
upper end of the said annular jet burner, a small air tube stem is fitted with the oil
tube open at the upper end, but screwed at its lower end through the bottom of
the oil socket or the plug in the bottom of this, so as to lead at its lower end into
the lower part of the air socket surrounding the oil socket. In this arrangement the
outer upper end, of the inner air tube, is made a little smaller than the inner upper
end of the oil tube and steadied by small feathers in it a little below the top, to
form a small annular nozzle for the oil to pass out in a thin annular or cylindrical
spray, assisted by the lateral action of the central air jet and annular jet of air
passing out of the nozzle formed by the oil tube and the outer air tube, acting close
to the nozzle end of the oil tube so as to form the annular spray jet of oil and air
combined as in the former case described without the central air jet, and thus be
ignited and burn in a long flame beyond the combined nozzle arrangement as before
stated. When steam is used in this combined burner with the small inner circular
tube, it is in some cases preferable only to admit air to the central tube from the
outside atmosphere by a small hole or holes led into its lower socket and end, which
in this case would be closed to the steam space by a plug or otherwise, which air
might be heated before entering the central tube by passing over the flame. The
contracted nozzle end of the outer tube of this burner would preferably be screwed
outside and have a disc of wire gauze or perforated disc on its outer end secured by
a thin protecting cap or ring nipple fitted on it with the thin annular nozzle orifice
inside of it and which lessens the noise caused by the rush of the spray jet to the
flame. The regulation or adjustment of the narrow annular slits forming the spray
jets may in some cases be effected by giving a slight taper to the outer and inner
surfaces of the tubes forming these, and by screwing either nozzle a little out or in.
The upper part of the outer air tube stem and its retaining collar would be made
suitable to carry the socket or gallery of any desired protecting or air supplying
flame combustion chamber; while the lower sockets of the oil and air stem tubes
would be fitted below with removable plugs easy of removal for cleaning these or
drawing off any deposit at the bottom, or the fitting on of a small spring self-acting
or other condensed steam water trap, when steam was used instead of the pressure
air for combining with the oil. These annular jet burners as described might be
made quite short as mere nipples, that is, with little or no tube stems when that
was found most convenient, and the tubes conveying the oil, and the air or the steam
to these burners might be made to pass across the top of the flame so as to be heated
before reaching their supply sockets and regulating valve.
1
L 1
CT
1007

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Burning of Mineral and other Oils for
Heating and Lighting Purposes and in Appliances Connected
therewith.
I, JAMES LYLE, of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment in writing, reference being had to the accompanying 2 Sheets of Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon; that is to say :-
My said Invention comprises special improvements in the construction, or combina-
tion of the parts, of burners, or jet nozzles, for the burning of mineral or other oils for
lighting and heating purposes, and in which oither air pressure or a steam jet or jets
is or are made to unite and burn with the oil jet in or at the point of these improved
nozzle burners, so as to cause more perfect combustion and give greater light and
heat than by burners as heretofore constructed.
A
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing or carrying the
same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I havo hereunto appended
two explanatory Sheets of Drawings in which the same reference letters: are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2 on sheet 1 are a sectional side elevation and corresponding plan
respectively of one construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts, of my
new or improved oil and air, or oil and steam, nozzle burner and its fittings, for
lighting purposes; and Figure 3 is a detached sectional elevation of the burner with
a combustion chamber F, F, dotted in showing slight modifications of the parts, from.
that shown in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 shows a sectional elevation of a short
form and construction of the flame nozzle part of the burner, as distinguished from
Figures 1 to 3. Figures 5 and 6 show a sectional elevation and a sectional plan
taken on the line 5 - 5 of Figure 5, respectively of a smaller and more simple
construction of my improved flame burner and its fittings for lighting purposes, than
that shown in Figures 1 to 3. Figures 7 and 8 on sheet show a vertical section
and a half sectional plan respectively of a horizontal arrangement of burner and its
fittings, as more particularly suited and designed for heating purposes, and blowing
the flame into furnaces.
Referring to these Drawings generally, the nature and novelty of my invention or
improvements in the construction of the said nozzle burners, and mode of carrying
the same into practice consist all as follows:-First in constructing the nozzle part of
the burner of such an annular form as to eject the oil and air, or the oil and steam, in
a united thin annular jet or spray from the burner; or Second, in two such thin
annular jets separate but so close that they will unite as they escape from the imme-
deate annular flame nozzle end of the burner and form one annular spray jet; in either
case so hot and vapourised that this jet will burn in a long bright flame in any suitable

page_text: combustion chamber, or of a furnace above or beyond the burner, suitable for either
lighting or heating purposes. This annular jet of oil and air, or oil and steam when
made of some considerable size (as from " to 4") will really burn as a hollow
cylindrical flame; and by a further improvement I fit a small tube or nozzle in the
centre of the burner to supply a small circular jet of pressure air with the annular
spray jet of oil, and air or steam to assist the perfect combustion of these within the
hollow flame. Referring specially to Figures 1 to 3 of these Drawings:-One simple
improved construction of this burner, or nozzle arrangement, suitable for very general
use in fulfilling the purposes of this invention especially for illuminating purposes in.
open spaces consists in forming and fitting the small hollow cylindrical oil tube stem
and nozzle A, A', with steadying feathers A", concentrically within a larger outer air
or steam cylindrical chamber and nozzle B, B₁ both preferably with screwed necks
and stop joint collars at their lower ends for being secured into their correspondingly
screwed sockets A2, B2, the centre one into that of the extreme inner end of its lateral
oil supply branch A³ and controlling valve fittings A and the large outer one B, B¹
into the socket B2 of its lateral air supply branch B and valve fittings B*, concen-
trically to the inner stem A, A¹, so as either to lead and separate the supply of
pressure air, or steam, whichever is used in the annular space between the centre
oil stem A and the outer tube B. The upper part of the inner tube is made with a
close cylindrical end at the nozzle part A with a ring of small angular holes a as seen
in Figure 1, or it might be a very narrow annular slit as indicated in Figure 3, to
emit a thin circular stream of oil out into a narrow annular nozzle space b, formed all
round the outer circumference of the inner perforated nozzle A¹ and the inner circum-
ference of the contracted upper nozzle end B¹ of the outer air tube stem B so as to
induce by this and a narrow stream or jet of forced air (or steam) a combined annular
or hollow spray jet of oil and air, or oil, and superheated steam when that is used
instead of the air, for being ignited and burned beyond the burner A¹, B¹ as herein-
before stated.
When a small central circular jet of air, or of steam, is to be admitted out at the
upper end of the said annular jet burner, and centre of the hollow flame, a small air
tube stem a¹ is fitted within the oil tube A, in this case made open at the upper end,
but screwed at its lower end through the bottom of the oil socket A², or a plug a² in
the bottom of this, so as to lead at its lower end into the lower part of the air socket B²
surrounding the oil socket A² as seen particularly in Figure 3. In this arrangement
the outer upper end, of the inner air tube a¹, is made a little smaller than the inner
nozzle end A¹ of the oil tube A and steadied by small feathers a" in it a little below
the annular row of holes or nozzle a to form a small annular nozzle for the oil to pass
out in a thin annuiar or cylindrical spray, assisted by the lateral action of the central
jet of air passing out through the central tube a¹ in addition to the annular jet of air
passing out of the nozzle b formed by the oil nozzle A¹ and the outer air nozzle B',
acting close to the nozzle end of the oil tube, so as to form the annular spray jet of
oil and air combined as in the former case described in reference to Figure 1, without
the central air jet tube a', and thus he ignited and burn in a long flame beyond the
combined nozzle arrangement as before stated. When steam is used in this combined
burner, with the small inner circular tube a¹ it is in some cases preferable only to
admit the steam to the annular space between the tubes A and B, and admit air to
the central tube a from the outside atmosphere by a small hole or holes led into
its lower socket and end as indicated at a8 in dotted lines in Figure 7, which in
this case would be closed to the steam space in the socket B2 by a plug a² or
otherwise. The compressed air might be heated before entering its central
nozzle B, B¹, by passing over or through the flanie, as indicated at C" in the
tube C leading by the branch and coupling fittings C to the lateral air branch B³ of
the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2 which is fitted with the band screw
valve and fittings B for controlling the admission of the air or heated air through
the lateral branch B3 to the socket B3 and annular space 61 of the burner all as
indicated by the arrows; a small tap C being fitted in the lower part of the air tube
fittings C, C¹ for drawing off any water that may collect in the air pipe or fittings

page_text: especially when steam is used in place of air. The lateral oil branch A Figure 1, is
also shown as fitted with a hand screw valve A controlling the admission of the oil
to central tube A, A¹, of the burner, and with an oil conducting pipe and
coupling D, D' which may also pass through the flame in a curvilineal manner at D"
to heat the oil on its way to the burner as indicated by the arrows in the oil tube
ducts of the burner in Figure 1. A water trap E is also shown as fitted or screwed
to the lower part of the socket B³, fitted with a screw escape spring valve E' in its
lower end and a drawing off tap E' to enable this to be done without affecting the
action of the light from the lower chamber E" of the valve E¹ which would enable
all condensed water to be drawn off when steam is used. Referring to Figure 3,
the contracted nozzle end B' of the outer tube of this burner is preferably screwed
outside and fitted with an annular screw cap B" so as to securo a disc of wire
gauze at its outer end which lessens the noise caused by the rush of the spray jet
from the annular nozzle a, b, to the flame. (The regulation or adjustment of the
narrow annular slits forming the spray jets may in some cases be effected by giving a
slight taper to the outer and inner surfaces of the tubes A', a', forming these, and by
screwing either nozzle a little out or in). The upper part of the outer air tube
stem B and its retaining collar might be made suitable to carry the socket For
gallery of any supplying flame combustion chamber F as shown dotted in Figure 1,
while the lower sockets A2, B2, of the oil and air stem tubes A, B, might be fitted
below with a removable plug and cap as a² and 2, Figure 3, easy of removal for
cleaning these or drawing off any deposit at the bottom, instead of fitting on the small
spring self-acting or other condensed stean water trap E, E', E' shown in Figure 1.
These annular jot burners A. A', and B, B¹ as described might be made quite short as
mere nipples, that is, with very short tube stems A, and B when that was found most
convenient as shown in Figure 4. The screw coupling parts 63 of the nozzle B B¹
and C3, D3, of the coupling branches C and D', are either made polygonal or with
cross arms as at d, d', for tightening these parts up.
Referring to Figures 5 and 6, this shows a simple modification of the nozzle
apparatus for lighting purposes in which oil and forced air only is used; and in which
the oil nozzle A is left open at the upper end, and has a solid spindle e fitted in it
with a plug and handle a², d, scrowed into its socket A2 at the lower end, and having
an enlarged rim el at the upper end which fills tho burner A, A', above the ring of oil
holes a, so that when this spindle e, e, is removed, it cleans out the oil nozzle A, A¹,
its body part being small enough in diameter to allow the oil to pass up to the burner
from the socket and branch A2, A³. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, this shows a
simple arrangement of the burner A A¹, and B, B1, as mounted horizontally in the
sockets A2, 13, of its oil and air branches A³, B3, which latter B³ carries the whole on
the coupling branch C³ ³ of its air or steam pipe C, not shown in Figures 7 and 8.
In this arrangement there is a short projecting annular rim at 6 forming a continua-
tion of the stem B beyond the burner B', for protecting the annular flame jet formed
at the nozzle b. The removable cleaning central stem e within the oil burner A, A¹,
in this case is shown with an air channel a dotted in, the outside air entering in
through lateral holes a³ in the screw stem e, drawn in by the force of the spray jet
and flame, which in this case may be formed by high pressed steam or air by the
branch B³ and be forced horizontally into the furnace or other combustion chamber to
be heated. The arrows in Figure 7 show the direction of the currents of oil and air
or steam, and the other parts not here referred to are all lettered to correspond with
the other Figures described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts of
burners or jet nozzles and their regulating valves and water trap fittings, for the
burning of mineral and other oils with compressed air or steam for lighting and
heating purposes, all substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Second. In burners or jet nozzles for the burning of mineral or other oils for
heating and lighting purposes, the construction and arrangement of annular central
oil nozzles A, A' within annular nozzles B, B¹ so as to produce an annular spray jet
and flame of oil and air, or oil and steam, either with or without a central air tube
and jet, all substantially as and for the advantages herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In burners or annular jet nozzles for the burning of mineral or other oils for
heating and lighting purposes, the constructing and fitting of a central air tube and
jet within them, all substantially as and for the advantages herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In burners or annular jet nozzles for the burning of mineral or other oils
for heating and lighting purposes, the constructing and fitting of a removable central
spindle or air tube for access and cleaning of the inner burner and tube, all substan-
tially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Dated thin 10th da
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
Agents.