Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1894
AL
Lan 4005 Accented
1ot Juna
1805
A communication from THE UNITED BERLIN-FRANKFORT RUBBER WORKS
COMPANY, of Gelnhausen, Frankfort-on-Maine, in the Empire of Germany.
1 ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The woven fabrics, which are used as linings for rubber-tubes, are well known
to hold more or less air and be open or porous, both in the state of spun thread
and also even in the woven fabric. During the process of vulcanisation, to which
the tubes or piping must be subinitted, this air contained in the tissue, expands
very considerably, in proportion to the steam-pressure acting upon the tissue in the
vulcanising chamber. The rubber sheets or layers, in particular, soften during the
process, and yield in the same degree to the expansion of the lining caused perforce
by the steam-pressure. Thence results a certain weakness in places, and especially
in the place where it is most dangerous, namely where the lining fabric begins in
the inside, and ends on the outside. These defects are most apparent in those
tubes which, owing to their price or purpose, can be made with a thin wall or shell
only. Thus, when water-pressure or steam-pressure is brought to bear upon any
such weak spot through the inner rubber-layer (whether it be due to an air-bubble
or to a small agglomeration of the solid material) there is always a danger, while
the pressure endures, that the weak spot may prove unequal to the task of
maintaining unimpaired its resistance thereto, and will very speedily give way, with
the result that this leads to the establishment of a fissure giving access to the water
or steam. During vulcanisation, the lining fabric becomes, in a manner easily
explicable, strained, expanded and made porous by the air which is contained in
and between the woven threads. The water or steam can without difficulty
penetrate such places in these linings, with prejudicial effect, so that ultimately
and even speedily they may make for themselves an outlet whereby the tube for
the most part splits and becomes useless.
The water or steam may also penetrate at both ends and soak through the entire
length of the tube so as to saturate it with moisture like a cotton wick. It results
therefrom that the linings become relaxed, which brings about the deterioration
and decay of the tube, as its durability and capability of resistance are in this
way undermined.
By this new process of manufacture the air is completely expelled, from the
lining and tube alike, before vulcanisation.
The tubes or piping are first treated according to the usual known preparatory
process, and subsequently clothed or wound firmly round with stout material by
means of an apparatus constructed especially for that purpose. Then, before being
placed in the vulcanising chamber, the tube so prepared is bound round, under
great pressure, with a strong band, closely and tightly, from one end to the other,
so that all the air is effectually driven out at one end, both from the tube and the
lining simultaneously. In this way is attained the best and most intimate
conceivable union and solidification, both for the lining and for the rubber layers
of the pipe. With this double casing, prepared and fixed under great pressure,

page_text: the pipe is then subjected to the final steaming process or vulcanisation. When
this is completed and the pipe is drawn from the iron tube, it offers the following
advantages :-
(a) It is capable of resisting great pressure by reason of its greater solidity and
more intimate union;
(b) It is endowed with greater durability;
(c) The defects hereinbefore referred to are removed;
(d) It possesses a more massive appearance ;
(e) It has also a well-rounded form, even with a larger diameter and a thinner
shell or wall;
(f) It admits of being rolled up more tightly and in less compass, thereby
effecting economy of space;
It cracks less easily; and finally
It has the appearance of a ribbed spiral tube, without being such, and
without its attendant weight.
Dated this 18th dox of Santamhan 1001
A communication from THE UNITED BERLIN-FRANKFORT RUBBER WORKS
COMPANY, of Gelnhausen, Frankfort-on-Maine, Empire of Germany.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention. and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The woven fabrics, which are used as linings for rubber-tubes, are well known to
hold more or less air and be open or porous, both in the state of spun thread and
also even in the woven fabric. During the process of vulcanisation, to which the
tubes or piping must be submitted, this air contained in the tissue, expands very
considerably, in proportion to the steam-pressure acting upon the tissue in the
vulcanising chamber. The rubber sheets or layers, in particular, soften during the
process and yield in the same degree to the expansion of the lining, expansion
occasioned by the steam pressure. Thence results a certain weakness in places,
and especially in the place, where it is most dangerous, namely where the lining
fabric begins in the inside and ends on the outside. These defects are most
apparent in those tubes which, owing to, their price or purpose, can be made with
a thin wall or shell only. Thus, when water-pressure or steam-pressure is brought
to bear upon any such weak spot through the inner rubber-layer (whether it be
due to an air-bubble or to a small agglomeration of the solid material) there is
always a danger, while the pressure endures, that the weak spot may prove
unequal to the task of maintaining unimpaired its resistance thereto, and will very
speedily give way, with the result that this leads to the establishment of a fissure
giving access to, the water or steam. During vulcanisation, the lining fabric
becomes, in a manner easily explicable, strained, expanded and made porous by the
air which is contained in and between the woven threads. The water or steam can
without difficulty penetrate such places in these linings, with prejudicial effect, so
that ultimately and even speedily they may make for themselves an outlet whereby
the tube for the most part splits and, becomes usless.
The water or steam may also penetrate at both ends and soak through the. entire

page_text: length of the tube so as to saturate it with moisture like a cotton wick. It results
therefore that the linings become relaxed, which brings about the deterioration and
decay of the tube, as its durability and capability of resistance are in this way
undermined.
By this new process of manufacture the air is completely expelled, from the
lining and tube alike, before vulcanisation.
The tubes or piping are first treated according to the usual known preparatory
process and subsequently clothed or wound firmly round with stout material and by
means of an apparatus constructed especially for that purpose with a strong band.
This apparatus is described in the following and represented in the accompanying
drawing in which-
Fig. 1 shows a top view of the driving mechanism.
Fig. 2 an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 a sectional view of one of the contrivances upon which the rubber-tube
is to rest.
Fig.
an elevation of the same represented partly in section.
The driving mechanism is set into motion by means of the crooked-handle a and
the power transmitted to the shaft by means of the two gear-wheels c and d.
The end of the shaft is connected, by means of a sleeve e and the two set-
screws and g, with the iron mandril h upon which the rubber-tube is to be drawn.
The frame of this mechanism can be fixed to a table by means of the bow and
screw i.
The contrivances upon which the rubber-tube is to rest are disposed at convenient
intervals. The Fig. 3 and 4 show one of the same as consisting of a support j
which carries three cylinders or rollers k, l, m, the two outer ones k and m being
made adjustable, according to the diameter of each rubber-tube, by means of a
spindle n to be turned by hand with a screw-key the spindle being provided with a
right-hand threaded part o and a left-hand threaded part p, each of the latter to
receive one of the brackets and r carrying the rollers. The several supports are
fixed to the aforesaid table by means of a bow and screw analogous to the one i
already mentioned.
The tube being drawn on the mandril h which has to be connected with the
shaft and resting on the aforesaid supports is put into quick rotation by means of
the described driving mechanism. To the mandril has been fixed a strong band
which, during the rotation of the rubber-tube, is to be bound under great pressure
closely and tightly in a spiral form around the rubber-tube from one end to the
other, so that all the air is effectually driven out at one end, both from the tube
and the lining simultaneously. In this way is attained the best and most intimate
conceivable union and solidification, both for the lining and for the rubber layers
of the pipe. With this double casing, that is the above-mentioned stout material
and the strong band wound in a spiral form, prepared and fixed under great
pressure, the pipe is then subjected to the final steaming process or vulcanisation.
When this is completed and the pipe is drawn from the iron mandril, it offers
the following advantages:
(a) It is capable of resisting great pressure by reason of its greater solidity
and more intimate union;
(b) It is endowed with greater durability;
(c) The defects hereinbefore referred to are removed
(d) It possesses a more solid appearance;
(e) It has also a well-rounded form, even with a larger diameter and a thinner
shell or wall;
(f) It admits of being rolled up more tightly and in less compass, thereby
effecting economy of space;
(g) It cracks less easily; and finally
(h) It has the appearance of a ribbed spiral tube, without being such, and
without its attendant weight.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:-
Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of rubber tubes whereby the
latter, before vulcanisation in the vulcanising chamber, are first treated according
to the usual known preparatory process, then are clothed or wound firmly round
with stout material and subsequently the tube so prepared is bound round, by
means of the described apparatus, under great pressure, with a strong hand from
one end to the other, all in order to have the air effectually driven out at one end
both from the tube and the lining simultaneously, all substantially as described.
Dated this 30th day of December 1894.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.