Improvements in Oil, Gas, and Analogous Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 27th June, 1900-Accepted, 1st Sept., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil, Gas, and Analogous Motors.
We, EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON, of Arden, Cornwall Road, Harrogate,
Gentleman, and EDWARD LOSH DUTTON, of Arden Works, Halifax, Machine
Maker, both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
In a motor constructed in accordance with our invention the firing chamber
is in the form of a parabola or is approximately of such formation and the air
is admitted partly or entirely around the axis so as to flow toward the smaller
end with a view to checking the mingling of the portion first entering with
the charge admitted later.
When adapted to the use of oil the said chamber is formed in a 'shell enclosed
within the end cover and the oil is vapourised in the space between the two the
oil being dropped or fed automatically into such space over-feeding being
checked by the pressure of vapour in the space. The space may be provided
with a syphon discharge pipe and may be filled or partly filled with copper
turnings or other suitable pervious filling to increase the heat conducting and
vapourising surface. To vary the power generated and to govern the motor
the vapour gas oil or explosive mixture is admitted earlier or later in the out-
ward stroke the gas oil or vapour valve being controlled by a cam which is
shifted around its axis by the governor so as to act earlier or later in the stroke
upon the parts which open the valve or permit it to open or the cam is provided
with a shield which is controlled by the governor and keeps the cam from acting
until the required time. The cam is formed to open the valve in proportion
to the piston speed as near as may be or is used only to time the opening a
supplementary valve regulating the flow so as to promote uniformity in the
explosive mixture. The weighted levers of the governor may act upon the cam
or shield or upon a wheel driving the cam by means of spur teeth or of a chain
or chains or of suitable connections a spring giving the load and tending to
restore the cam or shield to the relative position which will cause the gas oil
or vapour to be admitted early in the stroke. To enable the speed to be varied
or greatly reduced when desirable means may be adopted to reduce the load
upon the governor by relaxing the tension of the said spring. In one arrange-
ment the tension is varied by means of a screw which is connected with bevel
reversing gear which can be put in action by friction wheels or otherwise to
turn the screw in either direction whilst the motor is running or a chain or
cord acting upon the spring may be arranged to have a connection on the axial
line with a lever or part whereby the said spring is relaxed or extended. In
some cases the air and charge may be admitted through two valve passages one
for air alone and the other for an explosive mixture the air valve being opened
mechanically and being controlled by the governor the other valve opening
automatically as in the cases of the ordinary air valves.
In the cases of two cylinders fired alternately at regular intervals the exhaust
valves are opened by the action of an excentric revolving at the same speed
as the crank shaft and having an excentric spur wheel in gear with a wheel
of double its size mounted upon a part receiving to and fro motion from the

page_text: excentric the larger wheel having two crank pins arranged on diametrically
opposite sides of the axis and connected with parts operating upon the exhaust
valves alternately.
August the Thith 1000
EDWARD K. DUTTON.
EDWARD LOSH DUTTON.
Improvements in Oil, Gas, and Analogous Motors.
We, EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON, of Arden, Cornwall Road, Harrogate,
in the County of York, Gentleman, and EDWARD LOSH DUTTON, of Arden
Works, Fenton Road, Halifax, in the same County, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In a motor constructed in accordance with our invention the combustion
chamber is of a parabolic form or approximately of such a form and the air is
admitted partly or entirely around the axial line so as to flow toward the smaller
end with a view to checking the mingling of the portion first admitted with
the charge admitted later. When adapted to the use of oil or spirit the said
chamber is formed in an inner shell enclosed within the end cover and the liquid
is vapourised in the space between the two being dropped or fed automatically
into such space.
To vary the power generated and to govern the motor the vapour gas oil
or explosive mixture is admitted earlier or later in the outward stroke in accord-
ance with part of an invention for which Letters Patent No. 28,523 of the year
1896 have been granted to one of us. We control the action of the valve which
admits the gas or vapour by means of a cam which is provided with a guard
which is shifted by the governor so that the cam acts earlier or later upon the
parts which open the valve or permit it to open. In the case of a motor having
two cylinders fired alternately at regular intervals the exhaust valves are opened
by the action of an excentric revolving at the same speed as the crank shaft
and having an excentric spur pinion geared with a wheel of double the size of
such pinion the said wheel being mounted upon a part which receives to and
fro motion from the excentric. The said wheel has two crank pins arranged
upon diametrically opposite sides of the wheel axis and connected with parts
to open the exhaust valves alternately.
In the accompanying drawings are represented such of the parts of a motor
as are necessary to the sufficient illustration of the invention.
Referring to the said drawings; Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 is a
plan of the parts. In these figs. a is one of two cylinders of the motor part
of the other cylinder appearing at a¹ in Fig. 2. Each cylinder is fitted with
a domed cover bb' and inside this cover is a shell c which in the example-is
approximately of a parabolic form. The space inside this shell constitutes
the combustion chamber. The passage d leading from the admission valve
extends partly around the cylinder end so that the air or explosive mixture
issues through a long and partly annular port and is directed toward the back
of the combustion chamber as indicated by the arrows. The object in this
construction is that the explosive mixture following an admission of air alone
shall follow the air without mixing with it to any great extent. We do not
confine ourselves to the indicated form of the shell c as the curvature of the
inner surface of the same might be similar to that of the cover in the example.

page_text: We may extend the inlet port entirely around the cylinder end in which case
it would serve for both inlet and exhaust. Between the cover b and the shell c
is a space which is used as a vapourising chamber. The hydro-carbon liquid
is admitted by means of a pipe e which communicates with a supply reservoir.
This pipe is of small bore or has a small outlet or is otherwise adapted to pre-
vent the emptying of the pipe which might be caused by vapour taking the place
of liquid in the pipe. When the pressure within the space becomes sufficient
to balance the downward pressure of the column of liquid in the pipe the feed
ceases or is restricted so that the supply of liquid is automatically regulated.
A syphon discharge pipe to convey away any excess of liquid may be provided.
We may fill the vapourising space with copper turnings or other suitable
material to increase the vapourising effect. To increase the storage capacity we
may connect the vapourising space with a chamber which may be heated by
means of the exhaust gases or otherwise.
The supply of vapour to the two cylinders is controlled by a valve at f
midway between the two cylinders. This valve is opened for each revolution
of the motor the vapour passing to the cylinder which at the time is inducting
air. The vapour flows through a pipe e and connecting pipe to a space
above the valve. The said valve appears in Fig. 3 in which f¹ is the passage
leading right and left to the two inlet valves of the cylinders. The air enters
through perforations at 2 and when the valve f is opened the issuing vapour
mingles with the air and passes with it into one or the other of the two
cylinders. The vapour conveyed by the pipe enters an annular space between
an outer shell g and an inner tube g¹ and Hows upward and downward as indicated
by the arrows, the intention being to prevent condensation at or near the valve.
The shell g is surmounted by a reservoir g³ to contain volatile spirit which can
be allowed to drop down the inner tube when starting the motor. The opening
of the valve is controlled by the governor H seen in Figs. 1 and 2 and illustrated
by Figs. 4 to 8. In Fig. 5 h is a cam which effects the opening of the valve f
and is a guard which controls the action of the cam in manner as will be
explained. The said cam and guard are separately illustrated by Figs. 6 and 7.
The cam is fixed upon a shaft i which may be one end of the crank shaft of
the motor and the guard is loosely mounted upon such shaft. In Fig. 4 the
cam and guard are not in place but the boss of the guard is represented in
section at h¹. To this boss are attached the ends of two chains jj which con-
nect the guard with loaded levers which are mounted upon fulcra studs ³ j
attached to a disc H. The rotation of the disc imparts to the levers a tendency
to turn outward from the axis of revolution but this tendency is checked by a
spring which is connected with the boss h¹ by means of a chain k which
passes over a pulley and tends by rotating the guard to draw inward the two
levers. The full lines represent the positions of the levers when the disc would
be at rest the dotted lines indicating the positions assumed when the motor
would be running with a light load or without a load.
Any increase in the speed of the motor tends to turn the guard in the direction
indicated by the arrows in Figs. 4 and 7.
It will be seen that part of the guard is concentric and matches a concentric
portion of the cam. An adjustable finger upon the end of a lever / seen in
Figs. 1 and 2 rests upon the cam or upon the guard and at times upon both parts,
a spring keeping the said finger always in contact with the part or parts. It
will be seen that when the finger is upon the part of the cam which is below
the centre in Fig. 6 the end of the lever will be permitted to move toward
the axis of the shaft i the continued rotation of the cam moving back the lever
end. The said lever is fixed upon a rock shaft which carries a second lever
which is adapted to act upon the spindle of the valve f to open the valve.
If the guard were absent the valve would begin to open at about the com-
mencement of each outward stroke of the piston and would open gradually
to half stroke and then close gradually.

page_text: The cam is made of a form which will cause the valve to be opened and closed
in degree proportionate to the piston speed so that when the piston is moving
most quickly the valve will be open to the greatest extent allowed so that
uniformity in the mixture of vapour or gas and air is obtained as nearly as
practically possible. When however the guard is turned by the action of the
governor so as to cause it to overlap the acting part of the cam the action of the
latter is delayed. To render this more clear we have added at Fig. 8 a view of
a cam and guard of a larger size the guard being behind the cam in the fig.
The finger carried by the lever is indicated by the parts being in position as
when the said finger is about to leave the guard and rest upon or against the
cam. In the example the acting part of the cam is a segment of a circle
having the same radius as the non-acting part of the cam as indicated this form
giving approximately correct results. With the cam and guard in the relative
positions shown in this fig. the cam would be out of action until about half
stroke when the finger would come on to the cam whereby the valve would
be suddenly opened the closing being more gradually effected. In such a case
air alone would pass into the cylinder for the first half of the stroke. In place
of the cam and guard a cam alone might be used in which case the cam might
be of a form similar to the guard in the example illustrated and would be
turned upon its shaft by the action of the governor but such a cam would not
properly regulate the flow of vapour or gas so that an auxilliary valve to effect
such regulation would be required if the best results were desired. We do not
confine ourselves to the exact formation of the cam and guard so long as a corre-
sponding effect is obtained by means of a cam and guard having similar relations
the one to the other nor do we confine ourselves to the combination of parts
for turning the guard or cam upon it's shaft. In some cases it might be suffi-
cient if the guard were set by hand. In the case of a single cylinder motor
the lever or the part corresponding thereto might be sustained out of action
in each alternate stroke by means of a cam revolving at half the speed of the
cam or a step valve opened in each alternate stroke might be used or the
governor might be arranged to revolve at half the speed of the motor but this
would necessitate an inconvenient increase in the size of the cam h. One end
of the spring is connected by a shackle with a nut upon a screw 13. By
turning this screw the spring can be extended or relaxed thereby varying the
speed of the motor. In the cases of motors in which ordinary gas is used and
which would be controlled in the manner herein described the gas would be
admitted direct to the valve f. We do not confine ourselves to the form of
vapour or gas valve shown nor to the means for transmitting the effect of the
cam to such valve. In the cases of motors supplied with carburetted air the
explosive mixture would be admitted by opening a valve controlled by a cam
and guard in connection with the governor the ordinary inlet valve admitting
air alone until the opening of the controlled valve.
The arrangement for opening the exhaust valves appears in Figs. 1 and 2
and is partly drawn to a larger scale in Figs. 9, 10 and 11. In Fig. 1 the
spindle of one of the valves appears at m. The two spindles are pushed upward
or inward at the required times by two levers n, o the former being fixed upon a
rock shaft p. The other lever o is attached to a lever o¹ by a sleeve o³ loosely
mounted upon the said shaft and also upon this shaft is fixed a lever n¹. The
lever n does not appear in Fig. 2 as it is below the second cylinder not fully
shown in the fig. The upper ends of the levers n² o¹ are connected by links s
with a short two-throw crank shaft t. This shaft appears separately at Fig. 11.
The centres of two cranks t¹ are on opposite sides of the axis of the shaft
which is mounted to revolve in a bearing formed in a part u which at one end
is adapted to act as a clip or bearing for an excentric which is fixed upon the
crank shaft. Upon the excentric is fixed or formed an excentric spur pinion
which gears with a wheel w fixed upon the crank shaft t and having twice the
number of teeth that are in the pinion v. In the example the free end of the

page_text: "
part u rests upon a wheel x but it might be jointed to a rocking arm or be other-
wise sustained. In practice we set the parts so that the two cranks and the
excentric pass the "dead centres on a line from the axis of the crank shaft
to the joints with the levers no at about the middle of the exhaust period
in each stroke. The effect of the arrangement is that the exhaust valves of
the two cylinders are opened alternately by one excentric. The office of the
crank shaft is to lower out of action one or the other of the two levers which
for the revolution in progress is not to act to open it's valve and at the same time
to bring into action the other lever. The cranks also add to the effect of the
excentric when opening and closing the valves.
The result is a very smooth action and in exemplification we may state that in
the example illustrated the full strokes of each of the two cranks and of the
excentric is only .five sixteenths of an inch. We do not confine ourselves to
the forms and arrangements of the parts which act directly upon the valve
spindles nor to the description of valve operated by the motion the important
parts being included in Figs. 9 and 10 the important feature being the method
whereby we are enabled to use an excentric revolving at the speed of the motor
to open the exhaust valve or valves for alternate strokes of the piston or pistons.
In the case of a single cylinder motor only one crank or excentric on the axis
of the wheel to would be required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The combination of parts formed and acting substantially as and for the
purpose set forth and as illustrated in the attached drawings.
2. The inlet port d extending a great part or the whole of the way round the
cylinder end in combination with the combustion chamber c substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
3. Connecting the space between the outer end cover 6 and the inner shell c
or inner wall of the combustion chamber with a reservoir of hydro-carbon
fluid in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
4. The valve in connection with the governor H with it's cam h and
guard substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a motor of the indicated nature the loaded levers 12 connected with
a guard adapted to vary or control the action of a cam h or of a suitable cam
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. In a motor of the indicated nature a valve or equivalent appliance con-
trolled by a cam mounted to be turned upon it's shaft by the governor or pro-
vided with a guard so mounted so as to admit the vapour gas or combustible or
explosive medium earlier or later in the stroke substantially as set forth.
7. The combination of parts substantially as and for the purpose set forth
and indicated with reference to Figs. 9 10 and 11 of the attached drawings.
8. The combination of parts for opening the exhaust valve or valves at the
required times substantially as set forth.
9. In an exhaust motion for a motor an excentric and excentric pinion
revolving at the same speed as the motor the pinion gearing with a wheel
carried by a part actuated by the excentric the wheel revolving a crank or
excentric or two such parts which transmits or transmit the opening movements
to the valve or valves substantially as set forth.
D
this Ofth day of June 1900