AN IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENT OF TENSION MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO WARP BEAMS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENT OF TENSION MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO
WARP BEAMS." A communication from abroad by Pierre Isidore Billaudel,
of Nouviou-en-Thierache, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1879.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF TENSION
MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO WARP BEAMS." [A communication from abroad by
Pierre Isidore Billaudel, of Nouviou-en-Thierache, in the Republic of France.]
The object of this Invention is to regulate automatically the "letting off" motion;
of the warp threads in looms.
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In carrying out this Invention a grooved pulley is mounted on and secured to
the warp beam, and in this groove is placed a band of leather or analogous material
to form a friction surface. A metal collar formed with two parts and provided
with lugs or ears, through which the parts can be secured together by bolts and
nuts, or otherwise embraces the band. One of the lower pair of lugs or ears is
prolonged and forms a lever, to the lower end of which a spring rod is bolted, and
by which the lever is secured to the frame of the loom. Through the upper end of
this lever and the other lever, lug, or ear of the collar is passed a bolt, which enters
a threaded socket formed on one end of a second lever. The other end of this lever
is provided with a bowle, which works in an inclined slot formed in the lower part
of the frame, and which is so arranged that any rocking of the lever laterally will
either screw or unscrew the socket on the bolt, and thus tighten or loosen the grip
of the collar on the pulley. When it is desired to work the machine the collar
must be tightened up so as to grip the pulley on the warp beam, and the first lever
Paine 13

page_text: must be brought into a vertical position. The warp beam is then caused to rotate
by drawing forward the warp threads, and it carries round with it the collar, and
rocks the levers attached thereto. The movement of the second lever-is-however-
governed by the inclined slot, and it is thereby cocked laterally, which will unscrew
-the socket a quarter or half turn, according to the distance the bowle travels in the
slot, and thus loosen the-collar,-which will allow the warp beam to slip the required
amount. At the same time-the spring rod acts on the first lever to draw it back,
and this lever brings with it the second lever, which by reason of the inclined slot
screws-up-the-socket the amount it was unscrewed, and thus renews the grip of
the collar on the pulley.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd January 1880.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF TENSION
MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO WARP BEAMS." A communication from abroad by
Pierre Isidore Billaudel, of Nouviou-en-Thierache, in the Republic of France.
The object of this Invention is to regulate automatically the letting off motion
of the warp threads in looms.
Hitherto this letting off motion has been regulated in various ways at the
discretion of the workman, the result being that the tension on the warp threads
has been uneven, and consequently the manufactured fabric has been defective.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in side elevation the frame of a
loom with the tension mechanism constituting the subject of the present Invention
attached thereto, the same being partly in section; Fig. 2 is a front view of the
tension mechanism; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the same.
A is the warp beam, on which the threads B are wound; C is a grooved pulley
mounted upon and secured to one end of the warp beam; E, F, are the two halves
of a divided metal collar or strap, which is lined with a strip of leather or other
suitable frictional surface, and embraces the pulley C, forming therewith an
adjustable friction clutch a, al; b, b', are lugs or ears for receiving screw bolts, by
which parts of the divided collar or friction clutch are secured together adjustably.
The lug b is prolonged, and forms a lever or arm G, to the lower end of which is
bolted or otherwise secured one end of a horizontal elastic drag rod H. The other
end of this rod H projects through the front of the frame of the loom, and is threaded
to receive a winged nut, whereby it may be tightened up when required; through
the lugs b, b¹, is passed a bolt 63, which enters a threaded socket formed on one end
of a second lever J, and constituting a binding nut on the bolt. The bolt b³ is
firmly secured to the lug b, but it is loose in the lug b¹.
The lower end of the lever J is provided with a bowle K, which works in an
inclined slot L formed in a bracket arm C bolted to the frame of the loom, and
shewn detached at Fig. 4. The use of this slot is to retard the backward and forward
movements imparted to the lever J by the axial motion of the clutch E, F, and
thereby to cause the lever J to tighten up or slacken the grip of the clutch upon
the pulley C.
When it is desired to work this tension apparatus the lever G is brought into a
vertical position, the nut on the end of the drag rod H being adjusted to hold the
lever in that position. The clutch E, F, is then tightened up by the bolt which
passes through the lugs a, a¹, so as to grip the grooved pulley C on the warp beam A;
then as the warp threads B are separated during the shedding motion by the action
of the heddles, a certain quantity of the threads will be drawn off the warp beam A,
which will thereby receive a slight axial motion. As the clutch E, F, has been
tightened up so as to grip the pulley C, it will be carried round with the warp beam,
and the levers G and J attached to the clutch will be rocked in the direction of the
arrow, Fig. 1.
The movement of the lever J being however controlled, as above stated, by the
inclined slot L will be caused to turn on the screw bolts, and slacken the grip of
the friction clutch on the pulley.
The elastic drag rod H now comes into action and draws back to the vertical
position the lever G, which brings with it the lever J. This lever J, by reason of
the movement of the bowl K in the contrary direction in the inclined slot L, will
now tighten the grip of the clutch E, F, on the pulley C, and thereby allow the drag

page_text: rod H to give a back axial motion to the warp beam for the purpose of taking up
the slack of the warp.
The amount-of-backward-and-forward motion given to the lever J for
tightening or slackening the clutch is regulated by the angle at which the slot L
is placed..
The improved tension mechanism above described is found to be particularly
-suitable-for-light fabrics, such as merinos and cashmeres, as the strain on the threads
may thereby be reduced to a minimum.
Having now described the Invention of "An Improved Arrangement of Tension
Mechanism Applicable to Warp Beams," as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it
to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
The arrangement of adjustable friction clutch apparatus above described, which
is set in action by the varying tension of the warp on the warp beam, for the
purpose of delivering the warp at any desired tension, or for winding the slack onto
the beam.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.