IMPROVE- MENTS IN SAUCEPANS AND OTHER UTENSILS FOR BOILING MILK, CUSTARDS, JAMS, GLUE AND THE LIKE
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM ALLEN DIXON, Architect of 14 Great James Street WC in the
County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SAUCEPANS AND OTHER UTENSILS FOR BOILING MILK, CUSTARDS, JAMS,
GLUE AND THE LIKE to be as follows:-
Whereas the vessels ordinarily used for the purposes claimed by this Invention
are constructed so as to have an outer Vessel which contains Water, and an Inner
vessel which contains the substance to be boiled or cooked, it has been found that
the process is so slow as to put such appliances out of the range of practical
utility, and it is furthermore found, that Milk, Sugar, Jams and other substances
whose boiling point is above that of Water, are in point of fact never boiled at all.
Now these defects are entirely obviated by my invention, which consists in causing
Hot Air to circulate or surround the inner vessel, instead of Hot Water whereby a
higher temperature can be given to the substances contained in the inner vessel,
while at the same time the direct action of a red hot. fire or flame is prevented
from coming in contact with the inner vessel, and the excessive heat is so modified
as to prevent, milk, Glue, custards and other substances from burning to the bottom
of the vessel.
The above results are obtained by forming a series of perforations in the bottom.
and sides of the outer vessel, and directing the current of Hot Air along certain
passages provided between the outer and inner vessels in such a way as to
economise the heat which ultimately escapes through the perforations in the side of
the outer vessel.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I WILLIAM ALLEN DIXON, Architect of 14 Great James Street WC in the
County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SAUCEPANS AND OTHER UTENSILS FOR BOILING MILK, CUSTARDS, JAMS,
GLUE AND THE LIKE and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Whereas the vessels ordinarily used for the purposes claimed by this invention
are constructed so as to have an outer vessel which contains water, and an inner
Vessel which contains the substances to be boiled or cooked, it has been found
however that the process is so slow as to render it very tedious and unsatisfactory,
and it is found furthermore, that Milk, Sugar, Jams and other substances whose
boiling point is over 210° farheneit can never be boiled at all by the hot water
bath referred to-but only heated to about 205° f.
With regard to the use of an ordinary saucepan without a water bath, it is well
known that milk, melted butter, custards and the like frequently burn to the
bottom of the saucepan or other utensil, rendering the contents unfit for use, and
even when the burning of the bottom does not take place, it frequently happens
that the milk, or other contents of the utensil boils over on to the fire causing very
unpleasant odours.
Now these defects are prevented by my Invention, which consists in causing
Hot Air to circulate or surround the inner vessel instead of Hot Water, whereby a
higher temperature can be given to the substances contained in the Inner Vessel
while at the same time the direct action of a red hot fire or flame is prevented
from coming in contact with the Inner Vessel and the excessive heat is so modified
as to prevent the substances contained in the inner vessel from burning to the
bottom or boiling over. These results are obtained by the following arrangements,
as detailed in the accompanying Drawings.
Fig 1. Represents a half section and half elevation. A shews the external
appearance of the saucepan or other vessel, and Fig 2. represents a Plan of the
bottom of such Vessel or vessels, a b being openings for Hot Air.
The sectional part of Fig 1. shews an outer Vessel A. and an Inner Vessel B.
a space of about a quarter of an inch c' c' is left between the outer vessel and the
inner Vessel through which a current of Hot Air is made to circulate around the
surface of the inner Vessel or, container.
Fig 2 shews the holes or slits through which the Hot air enters direct from the
fire or other source of Heat, and the arrows in the section indicate its course until
it finally escapes through the Holes C C. which are formed about half way
up the sides of the outer vessel. By this means a considerable portion of the
inner vessel is subjected to a current of air of high temperature, but no part
of the container is in direct metallic contact with the fire, or, flame or other source
of heat.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
I do not claim the exact number size or position of the Holes in the bottom or
sides of the outer vessel, which may be varied according to circumstances but what
I do claim is the arrangement of an Inner and an outer vessel as set forth in the
aforesaid Drawings and description, having an air space or Hot Air jacket through
which the source of heat is made to circulate between the two vessels.