IMPROVEMENTS IN MAQUINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Gregory, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAQUINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES."
Sealed the 13th October 1865, and dated the 29th April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION leit by the said Francis Gregory at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1865.
I, FRANCIS GREGORY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
"IMPROVE-
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of these improvements relates to Letters Patent granted to
me, dated the Twenty-third day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-four, Number 1841, and consists of improvements on the same.
In the Specification of the said Patent, 1 describe a mode of placing one
or more tubes or cylinders in the interior of the mash or mixing vessel, into
which I introduce the mash water at the required heat, as also into one or
more projections or cavities round the interior of the mash vessel, which
being perforated allowed the water to mix with the descending malt.
I now add certain improvements for mashing with two heats, which I will
now describe. The malt is introduced into the machine in the manner
Around the exterior of the apparatus I place
described in the said Patent.
a cavity or jacket, into which I introduce the mash water at a higher heat,
from which I convey it by a pipe or other suitable contrivance to one or more
[Price 8d.]

page_text: projections, cavities, or tubes in the interior of the mash vessel, thus getting
a regular supply of mash water at any required heat. I introduce into the
exterior cavity or jacket above described, a stream of cold water in such a
manner that it mixes with a certain portion of the water in the exterior
cavity or jacket, reducing it to the required temperature, from whence it is
conveyed by suitable arrangements to one or more projections, cavities, or
tubes in the interior of the mash vessel. As the malt passes through the
machine it comes in contact with the water issuing through the perforations
at the lower heat and falls upon a bevil plate in the interior of the vessel,
ensuring perfect saturation; it then comes in contact with the mash water at
the higher heat, the apparatus delivering the material into the mash tun at a
higher heat than by the old process. When the heat is got from two coppers,
I then convey the separate hot liquors to their respective parts of the machine
without bringing either of them in contact with cold water.
The second part of these improvements consists of an apparatus to cool or
regulate the temperature of the wort liquor in the process of brewing, or for
other purposes, and consists of a vessel of any suitable shape or dimensions
with a suitable framework to fit into it, to which I attach sheets of corrugated
metal in the shape of continuous returned arches, with vertical divisions at
one end on the surface of the corrugated metal, and introduce the wort or
liquor, and the apparatus being a little inclined, the wort or liquor flows over
the exterior or convex side of one arch, and is then directed by a suitable
division round the interior or concave side of the next arch, and so to the
other end of the apparatus, where it is conveyed by a pipe or other arrange-
ments with suitable connections wherever it is required. At the other end I
introduce by a pipe into the vessel the cold water or liquid, which is guided
by suitable divisions as it flows in an opposite direction underneath the
corrugated metal, thus gradually cooling the wort or other liquid to the
required temperature. Along the bottom of the corrugated metal I introduce
a pipe or other arrangement with openings into each cavity to draw off the
last wort or liquid. On each end of the vessel I place a screw and nut,
arranged with suitable mechanical contrivance to raise the whole framework
and connections out of the vessel, and to turn it to facilitate cleaning.
The third part of these improvements consists of an apparatus for pressing.
compressing, or filtering yeast or other substances. I place one or more
vessels in suitable framework, vertically or horizontally, as most convenient,
and on each side I place a shaft with right and left handed screws upon it;
upon the centre of each is placed a worm wheel; the outer end or ends of the
vessel or vessels is or are connected by suitable contrivance with the screw

page_text: shafts, so that by turning a handle fixed on a shaft mounted with two worms
gearing into the two worm wheels giving motion to the two screw shafts, the
outer end or ends of the vessel or vessels is or are drawn inward or outward.
as the operation requires.
On the ends of the vessel or vessels I place across a number of rods of
metal of suitable thickness, and likewise on the sides if required, upon which
I stretch one or more thicknesses of cotton, cloth, or other material, suitably
secured to the framework of the vessel. I place between the screw shaft and
its connections with the outer ends of the vessel or vessels metal springs or
other flexible material. in such a manner that by giving motion by the handle,
as above described. a yielding pressure is brought to bear upon the material
to be pressed or filtered. gradually forcing the liquor through the filtering
material, leaving the coarser particles in the vessel or vessels in a semi-dry
state.
My fourth improvement consists in an improved atemperator or apparatus
for regulating the heat or temperature of wort when in a state of fer-
mentation, and for other purposes.
I connect two concave casings together with a rim or ends as required, and
through their centres I make an aperture, in which I connect another rim to
the casings in such manner that the space between the two casings is water-
tight.
From the outer rim to the inner rim in the space between the two
casings I place a number of pipes, and when the apparatus is suspended in the
material pass cold or hot liquor into and through the spaces between the two
casings and the outsides of the pipes, which acts on the wort or other material
on the outside of the casings, and passing through the pipes regulates the tem-
perature of the worts or other material, as required. I corrugate the two
casings in some instances. applying the pipes as above described, or not,
as the operation requires.
In another form I use another convex casing placed in conjunction with the
two others above described, in most instances dispensing with the use of the
converging pipes as above described, and convey the hot or cold liquor, as
required, in suitable channels through the apparatus, acting upon the material
as above described.
The fifth part of my improvements consists of a sparging apparatus for
distributing hot water or other liquor on the material in the mash tun or
other vessel, or for other purposes. I convey the hot water or other liquor
by a flexible pipe. or other suitable manner, to a tube placed vertically in the
centre of the apparatus. At the end of the tube I cast or fix a flange having
on one side a valve; horizontally to the above tube I place another tube, on

page_text: one side I cast or fix a circular recess, at the bottom of which I form a valve
seating on the interior edge of the recess and cut a screw thread, into which
I screw a recessed flange nut between the interior side of the recessed nut
and the flange fixed on the vertical tube, and place a number of friction balls
or bowls in such a manner that by screwing down the recessed nut it draws
the valve and its seating together and forms a valve joint, and allows the
horizontal tube to turn with the least amount of friction.
On the horizontal tube I fix horizontally two or more hollow tubes or arms,
perforated in such a manner that as the hot water or other liquor passes
through the vertical tube, through the centre of the valve into the horizontal,
tube, and into the horizontal arms, it issues out of the perforations, giving
motion to the horizontal arms and tube, and spreading the hot water or other
liquor over the material in the mash tun or other vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Gregory, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
28th October 1865.
the
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. FRANCIS
GREGORY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Iler heirs and successors, give and grant unto me. the
said Francis Gregory, Her special license that 1, the said Francis Gregory, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis
Gregory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Francis Gregory, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Gregory, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the
accompanying three Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
The first part of these improvements relates to Letters Patent granted to
me. dated the Twenty-third day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four, Number 1841, and consists of improvements
on the same.
In the Specification of the said Patent. I describe a mode of placing one or
more tubes or cylinders in the interior of the mash or mixing vessel, into
which introduce at the required heat the mash water, and also into one or
more projections or cavities round the interior of the mash vessel, which being
perforated allowed the water to mix with the descending malt.
I now add certain improvements for mashing with two heats, which I will
now describe. The malt is introduced into the machine in the manner
described in the said Patent. Around the exterior of the apparatus I place a
cavity or jacket, into which I introduce the mash water at the higher heat.
from which it is conveyed by a pipe or other suitable contrivance to one or
more projections, cavities, or tubes in the interior of the mash vessel, thus
getting a requisite supply of mash water at any required heat. I introduce
into the exterior cavity or jacket above described a stream of cold water
in such a manner that it mixes with a certain portion of the water in the
exterior cavity or jacket, reducing it to the required temperature, from whence
it is conveyed by suitable arrangements to one or more projections, cavities. or
tubes in the interior of the mash vessel. As the malt passes through the
machine it comes in contact with the water issuing through the perforations
at the lower heat and falls upon a bevil plate in the interior of the vessel,
ensuring perfect saturation; it then comes in contact with the mash water at
the higher heat. The apparatus delivers the material into the mash tun at a
higher heat than by the old process. When the heat is got from two coppers,
I then convey the separate hot liquors to their respective parts of the machine
without bringing either of them in contact with cold water.
The second part of these improvements consists of an apparatus to cool or
regulate the temperature of the wort liquor in the process of brewing, or for
other purposes, and consists of a vessel of any suitable shape or dimensions
with a suitable framework to fit into it, to which I attach sheets of corrugated
metal in the shape of continuous returned arches with vertical divisions at one

page_text: end on the corrugated metal. I introduce the wort or liquor, and the appa-
ratus being a little inclined, the wort or liquor flows over the exterior or convex
side of one arch, and is then directed by a suitable division round the interior
or concave side of the next arch, and so to the other end of the apparatus,
when it is conveyed by a pipe or other arrangements with suitable connections
wherever it is required. At the other end I introduce into the vessel by a
pipe the cold water or liquid, which is guided by suitable divisions as it flows
in an opposite direction underneath the corrugated metal, thus gradually
cooling the wort or other liquid to the required temperature. Along the
bottom of the corrugated metal 1 introduce a pipe or other arrangements, with
openings into cach cavity to drain off the last wort or liquid. On each end
of the vessel I place a screw and nut, arranged with suitable mechanical
contrivance to raise the inside framework, and connections out of the vessel,
and to turn it to facilitate cleaning.
The third part of these improvements consists of an apparatus for pressing,
compressing, of filtering yeast or other substances. I place one or more
vessels in suitable framework vertically or horizontally, as most convenient, and
on each side I place a shaft with a right and left-handed screw upon it; upon
the centre of each is placed a worm wheel; the outer end or ends of the vessel
or vessels are connected by suitable contrivance with the screw shaft, so that
by turning a handle fixed on a shaft mounted with two worms gearing into
the two worm wheels giving motion to the two screw shafts, the outer end or
ends of the vessel or vessels are drawn inwards or outwards as the operation
requires.
On the ends of the vessel or vessels I place across a number of rods of
metal of suitable thickness, and likewise on the sides if required. upon which
stretch one or more thicknesses of cotton, cloth, or other material suitably
secured to the framework of the vessel. I place between the screw shaft and
its connections with the outer ends of the vessel or vessels metal springs or
other flexible material, in such a manner that by giving motion by the handle,
as above described, a yielding pressure is brought to bear upon the material
to be pressed or filtered, gradually forcing the liquor through the filtering
material, leaving the coarser particles in the vessel or vessels in a semi-dry
state.
The fourth part of these improvements consists of an improved temperator
or apparatus for regulating the heat or temperature of wort when in a state of
fermentation, and for other purposes.
I connect two concave casings together with a rim or ends as required, and
through their centres I make an aperture, in which I connect another rim to

page_text: the casings, in such a manner that the space between the two casings is water-
tight. From the outer rim to the inner rim in the space between the two
casings I place a number of pipes, and when the apparatus is suspended in
the liquid, I pass cold or hot liquor into and through the spaces between the
two casings and the outsides of the pipes, which acts on the wort or other
liquid on the outside of the casings, and passing through the pipes regulates
the temperature of worts or other liquid, as required. I corrugate the two
casings in some instances, applying the pipes as above described, or not, as
the operation requires.
In another form I use another convex casing placed in conjunction with the
two others above described, in most instances dispensing with the use of the
conveying pipes, as above described, and convey the hot or cold liquor as
required, in suitable channels through the apparatus, acting upon the material
as above described.
The fifth part of my improvements consists of a sparging apparatus for
distributing hot water or other liquor on the material in the mash tun or other
vessel, or for other purposes. I convey the hot water or other liquor by a
flexible pipe, or in any other suitable manner, to a tube placed vertically in the
centre of the apparatus. At the end of the tube I cast or fix a flange having
on one side a valve; horizontally to the above tube I place another tube; on
one side I cast or fix a circular recess, at the bottom of which recess I form a
valve seating on the interior edge of the recess I cut a screw thread, into
which screw a recessed flange nut. Between the interior side of the recessed
nut and the flange fixed on the vertical tube I place a number of friction
balls or bowls in such a manner that by screwing down the recessed nut it
draws the valve and its seating together and forms a valve joint, and allows
the horizontal tube to turn with the least amount of friction.
On the horizontal tube I fix horizontally two or more tubes or armis,
perforated in such a manner that as the hot water or other liquor passes
through the vertical tube, through the centre of the valve into the horizontal
tube, and into the horizontal arms, it issues out of the perforations, giving
motion to the horizontal arms and tube, and spreading the hot water or other
liquor over the material in the mash tun or vessel.
The first part of my Invention is shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1. The
malt is introduced into the machine from the hopper a, Figs. 1 and 2, by
slides working in the grooves b, the malt falling on the cone c, which aided by
jets d under the cone c direct it towards the jets e, then comes in contact with
the jets, and falls on the bevil plate g. The water or liquor I introduce into
the machine at the higher heat through the aperture h, one portion passes into.

page_text: the outer casing or jacket i. I also introduce through the aperture k water or
liquor at a lower temperature into the outer casing or jacket i, in such a
manner as to mix with the water or liquor introduced into the outer casing or
jacket i through the aperture k, reducing it to the required temperature. I
then convey the water or liquor into the cavity, projection, or tube 1, and by
the tube or passage m to the tube or cylinder n. The water or liquor issues
out of the jets d, e, f, mixes with the malt, and is admitted into the machine
as above described. It then passes from the bevil plate g, and comes in con-
tact with water or liquor introduced into the machine through the aperture h,
flowing down the tube or cavity o, to the tube, cavity, or projection p, and
issuing out of the jets r. The apparatus then delivers the material upon the
conical plates into the mash tun or vessel at a higher heat than by the old
process. When the water or liquor is got from two coppers or other suitable
vessels at the temperatures required, I convey them direct to their respective
parts of the machine without bringing them in contact with water or liquor of
a lower temperature.
Fig. 2 shews the way in which the water or liquor at a low temperature is
conveyed into the outer casing or jacket. The water or liquor as it is intro-
duced into the machine, Fig. 1, through the aperture k, passes into the
chamber or cavity t, Fig. 2, formed in the outer casing or jacket i. over the
tube or cavity o, issuing at u into the casing or jacket i, passing around both
sides of and into the machine as above described, without coming in contact
with the water or liquor passing down the tube or cavity o, Fig. 1, into the
machine, as already described.
Fig. 3 shews another arrangement. Instead of the outer casing or jacket i,
Figs. 1 and 2, I employ a tube a, into which I pass the water or liquor at a
high temperature through the aperture b, one portion passes down the tube or
cavity c to the lower portion of the machine; another portion of the said
water or liquor flows along the tube a, into which I introduce a stream of
water or liquor at a low temperature through the tube or cavity c. reducing
the water or liquor issuing out of the jets in the upper portion of the machine
to the temperature required. The malt and water or liquor is mixed and
passes into the tun or vessel, as before described. The thermometer to test the
temperature before passing into the machine is shewn at x, Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
My Invention for cooling the wort or other liquid is shewn in Figs. 4 and 5.
I connect two concave casings a together with an outer rim or ends b.
Through their centres I make an aperture, into which I connect another rim
or ends c. Through the rims or ends b and c, and between the two concave
casings a, introduce a number of tubes, pipes, or chambers d. I suspend the

page_text: apparatus in the wort or other liquid. When I wish to lower the temperature
I introduce a stream of cold water or other liquor by a pipe with moveable
joints or of flexible material through the tube e, which passes between the two
casings a, and round the tubes, pipes, or chambers d. and out of the tube
which acts on the wort or other material on the outside of the two casings a,
and then passes through the tubes. pipes, or chambers. As the wort or other
liquid is cooled it flows to the centre of the conical casing a, passes through
the aperture g, and as it is cooled in the tubes or pipes d. it flows down to the
centre aperture g. forming a column of wort or other liquid, which sinks by its
density to the bottom; the displaced wort or other liquid rises and passes
through the apparatus, forming a current, effectually reducing the heat of the
wort or other liquid to the required temperature. When it is required to
raise the temperature I pass hot water or liquor through the tube /, between
the two conical casings, and round the tubes or pipes, and oni at the tube e,
before
acting upon the wort or other liquid the reverse of what
described.
I do not confine myself to the above shape, or to one row of tubes or pipes,
as two or more rows of tubes or pipes may be used as the process may
require. sometimes corrugate the two concave casings with or without the
Lubes or pipes as may be found most suitable. Where a great body of wort
or liquid is to be acted upon. I use two of the above-described apparatuses,
one placed over the other, with a suitable space between, held together by any
suitable arrangement. The inlet tube is placed in the hottom apparatus, and
the outlet tube in the top apparatus, with a tube to allow the water or liquor
to pass from the lower to the upper when the wort requires to be cooled..
When the temperature has to be raised the inlet and outlet valves are
reversed.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew another arrangement of cooler, in which I employ two
concave ensings a and b, and one convex casing c, connected by the outer
rim d. On the centre of the convex casing I place a cap or dome e. Through
the centre of the dome e. and the two concave casings a and b. I make an
aperture and through the aperiure by the inner ring g I connect the dome e
with the two concave casings a and b. suspend the apparatus in the wort
or other liquid. and pass a stream of cold water or liquor through the tube h
between the two concave casings a and b. The water or liquor flows ifrom
the chamber through the apertures to the upper chamber b. and out
through the tube m. As the wort or other material comes in contact with
ihe exterior of the apparatus it is cooled, and falls by its greater density to the
bottom; the displaced wort rising to the top is acted upon by the apparatus.

page_text: forming a current, effectually reducing the heat of the wort or other material
to the temperature required. When the temperature requires to be raised
the inlet and outlet is reversed, and hot water passed through, as before
described. Fig. 6 has a portion of the convex casing removed to shew the
apertures k.
My improved sparging apparatus is shewn in Figs. 8. 9. and 10. I support
the apparatus a by a bar of iron b, or other suitable material over the centre
of the mash tun or other vessels, and convey the hot water or other liquid by
a flexible tube or other contrivance through the aperture to the vertical
tube placed in the centre of the apparatus. At one end of the tube I cast
or fix a flange e, having on the under side a valve; horizontal to the above
tube I place another tube f. having cast or fixed to it the circular recess . at
the bottom of which recess I form a valve seating h, and on the interior edge.
of the recess cut a screw thread, into which I screw the recessed flange
nuti. Between the interior of the recessed flanged nut band the upper side
of the flange e I place a number of friction bowls or balls k. the arrangement.
being such that by screwing down the recessed flanged nut into the circular
recess g, I draw the valve and its seating together, and form a valve joint,
allowing the horizontal tube to turn with the least amount of friction. On
the horizontal tube I fix horizontally two or more tubes or arms s. which
are perforated spirally. as at t. Fig. 10, about half a turn in their entire
length, so that the hot water or other liquor passes down the vertical tube d
Fig. 8, through the centre of the valve h into the horizontal tube f, and
arches or arms s, and issues out of the perforations, giving motion to the
horizontal tube or arms, and thereby spreading the hot water or liquor over
the material in the mash tun or vessel.
My improved press for pressing yeast or other substances is shewn in Figs.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15, and 16, Sheet 2, for which purposes I employ two boxes
or frameworks a, Figs. 11, 12, and 13, made of wood or other suitable
material, with loose ends b. One end of each box or framework consists of a
frame or rim c. across which I place a number of bars or rods of metal d.
Fig. 14. the ends of which are bent to fit into grooves in the framework or
arm c. On the said framework or rim c pressing on the ends of the bars or
rod d, rivit or fasten in any suitable manner two bars of metal to hold
securely the bars or rods d in their places. Across the rim or framework c.
and resting on the bars or rods d. 1 place or attach one or more thicknesses of
cotton cloth, or other suitable material e. and also place or attach one or
more thicknesses of cotton, cloth, or other suitable material round the sides
of the box or framework a, in the form of a case without ends, one portion of

page_text: which turn over the edges of the boxes or frameworks u. On the rim or
framework cl attach a number of projections g, to which I fix studs h. and
on the box or framework a I attach similar projections : I then fix the rim
or framework c on which is fixed the cloth e to the box or framework a, the
studs passing through the projections i, and by driving the cotters k through
the studs h press the cloth e against the cloth f. turned over the edges of the
box or framework a, and effectually securing the framework or rim c to the
box or framework a, or by a lever and stud, as shewn in Fig. 16. The ends 1,
Fig. 14, are similar in construction and arrangement to those before described.
but less in diameter, upon which I place or fix one or more thicknesses of
cotton, cloth, or other material m. I employ a rim or framework n. to which I
attach a number of studs o, and on this rim or framework n I place or attach
the linen cloth or other material f. 1 pass the studs through the rim or
framework, and through the studs o I drive cotters, which press the cloth /
against the cloth e, and secure the rim or framework m to the rim, frame-
work, or ends. I then place the boxes or frameworks with their respective
arrangements in the framework p, between the iwo boxes a, with their
respective arrangements, as before described. I place a number of bars or
studs through the space between the two boxes or frameworks a, and place
a shaft s supported by suitable bearings in the brackets or sides secured on
the framework p. On the shaft s 1 fix two worms u gearing into two worm
wheels, through the centres of which I place two screw shafts, Fig. 15;
on the alternate ends of each shaft cut a right and left-handed screw, and
on each end of the screw shaft w I place the cross heads, in the centre of
each of which cross head is a recess or cavity, and in each of the said recesses
or cavities I place one or more springs of india-rubber, or other suitable
material y, secured by the nuts y¹. Across each of the ends place two
shafts the ends passing through the cross heads :r. The yeast or other
material io be pressed is put into the boxes a through the openings a'.
which are closed by two caps when the press is in operation. Upon giving
motion to the handle or winch b' on the shaft s, the two worms a turn the
two worm wheels . which give motion to the two screw shafts . The
nuts y' press on the springs y. which press on and draw the cross head.
through which are passed the shafts z, holding the ends in their respective
boxes or chambers, and pressing or filtering the wort or other liquor through
the cloths e, but retaining the coarser matter or yeast in the boxes or
chambers.
My improvements in refrigerators for cooling woris or other liquor are
shewn in Figs 17
10
10
51
00
مد

page_text: a represents a cistern or vessel, around the interior edge of which I place the
rim or framework b, to which I attach the corrugated inetal c in the form of
interior and exterior circles or arches. On the under side of the corrugated
metal place the tube or pipe d, which has fixed to it the valve seatings e.
or other suitable contrivance. To the bottom of the exterior recesses or
cavities in the corrugated metal attach round the tube or pipe da
number of clips g, or saddles, which are securely fastened in the interior
cavities or recesses h. To the division plates i, which are cast or fixed to the
bottom and sides of the cistern a, I attach in a suitable manner india-rubber
or other suitable material . which presses against the ends of the division
plates, and against clips g. forming a series of joints. I close the ends of the
exterior recesses or cavities in the corrugated metal with the caps or covers I.
Between the projections on the caps or covers I, and along the exterior cavities
or recesses I place the divisions m. The wort or other liquor is delivered
into the exterior recess n, from which it flows over the exterior arch, and then
passes under the division and over the next exterior arch. and so to the other
end of the machine, where it passes out through the tube r. The water is
admitted to the cistern or vessel a by the pipe s at the opposite end of the
machine to where the wort is admitted; when it flows under the interior circle
or arch, and over the division, then under the next circle or arch, and so to
the other end of the machine, flowing over the weir 1. and is conveyed away
by the pipe . The wort left in the recess is
passes through the cistern by the union .
vessel cast a bracket, to which I fix two
screw shafts place the loose bracket . and
place the bevil or worm spur wheel nut z. On the shaft. al, which passes
through the two brackets and across the machine. I fix two bevil or worm
spur wheels b', gearing into bevil or worm spur wheel nuts z. On the two
brackets fix the two studs c', which pass through two projections on the rim
or framework b. On a stud on the bracket y place the spur pinion d¹, on
which is fixed the winch or handle e'. gearing into the spur wheel on the
shaft a. When I want to lift the rim or framework b. to which is attached
the corrugated metals c. 1 release or break the union joint e. and the union
joint . Fig. 22. I then turn the handle e', giving notion to the shaft a
upon which is fixed the two wheels b, which are geared into and give motion
to the two wheel nuts z. which as they revolve, round the two screw shafis
raise the brackets y, to which is attached the rim or framework b, and the
corrugated metals c, which are lifted out of the cistern or vessel a. Fig. 21.
The rim or framework b with the corrugated metals e turns on the studs c',
drawn off by the pipe d, which
On each end of the cistern or
screw shafts # on each of the
in a recess in the brackets I

page_text: and can be inclined either one side or the other, and held in position by the
chain g¹.
In Figs. 23 and 24 I shew another arrangement. The corrugated metal is
attached to the rim or framework b before described; instead of the exterior
returned arch or circle, it is formed as in Fig. 23. At each alternate end of
the corrugated metal are the openings, forming a continuous channel or
course, at the end of which I place the slide valve i, and the bridge or
weir . The worts or other liquid is delivered into the machine in a similar
manner to the preceding arrangement, and flows from right to left in one
continuous stream from one end of the machine to the other. The valve is
so regulated that a portion of the worts will flow over the bridge or weir k
and is delivered through the union and pipe 1. Under the openings h' a
joint is formed with india-rubber or other material, similar to the one described
in the last-named arrangement. The water or liquor is admitted to the
cistern by the pipe s at the opposite end to where the wort is admitted, and
passes to the other end and out of the machine, as already described.
In another arrangement I arrange the corrugated metal, and allow the
worts or other liquid to pass over or through the machine, as in the preceding
arrangement. The divisions p. Fig. 25. are carried up to the top of the
interior cavities or recesses, and I leave a space round the under side of the
openings, as in Fig. 26. The water or liquid is admitted at the pipe s, and
flows along the division and through the spaces around the under side of the
openings from right to left to the other end of the machine, and out by the
weir, as already described.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim,-
First, the machinery or apparatus for mashing with two heats, consisting of
a mashing vessel with a cavity or jacket surrounding it, into which cavity I
introduce the mash water at a higher heat, and by means, as described, a
stream of cold water to reduce it to the required temperature; or instead of
When two
the said cavity I use a projecting tube or arm as described.
boiling pans are used for obtaining the two heats, I convey the liquid direct
to the machine without using cold water.
Secondly, the arrangement of machinery or apparatus for cooling and
regulating the temperature of the wort liquor in the process of brewing, or
other similar purposes, consisting of corrugated metal, instead of pipes, as
hitherto generally adopted, and the method of raising or lowering the
apparatus.

page_text: Thirdly, the arrangement of machinery or apparatus for compressing or
filtering yeast or other substances, consisting of a shaft on each side of a
framework with a right and left handed screw on it; upon the centre of each
is placed a worm wheel with worms gearing into them, and flexible material
to give a yielding pressure.
Fourthly, the improved temperator or apparatus for regulating the heat or
temperature of the wort when in a state of fermentation, in which I convey
the worts or other liquid to the centre aperture. so as to form a column of
liquid of a greater density or expansion than the surrounding liquid, which
sinks to the bottom, or rises in the vessel, the displaced liquids rising, falling.
and passing through the apparatus, and effectually regulating it to the
temperature required.
Fifthly, the sparging apparatus for distributing hot water or other liquid on
the material in the mash tun or other vessel. thus mixing or mashing mali or
other material with water or other liquor at two or more temperatures, as all
such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Gregory, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed, sealed. and delivered by the
within-named Francis Gregory,
in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
FRANCIS GREGORY. (S.)