IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mason Pearson, of Little Horton, Bradford, in
the County of York, Overlooker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mason Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1874.
I, MASON PEARSON, of Little Horton, Bradford, in the County of
York, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
The improvements have reference to looms in which several breadths
of fabric are simultaneously woven, and one part of the improvements
has reference especially to such looms as have the shuttle races stationary
whilst the reeds are moveable for the beat up, and the object of this
part of the Invention is that such reeds may be capable of yielding
during part of their motion for the beat up, that is to say, until the

page_text: time when the shuttles should have made their traverse, and are then
locked to act rigidly in effecting the beat up.
Each reed in place of being affixed to a common bar operated by
arms from an axis of motion, as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me, bearing date the 18th of August 1873,
No. 2727, is applied to an arm of its own which is capable of partial
rotary motion on that axis of motion, and is during part of the motion
for the beat up held to the common bar simply by spring pressure,
so that any one of the reeds is capable of yielding in the event of a
shuttle not clearing its shed by stopping in the opening for the warp.
Another axis is also applied to this common bar with arms acting by
spring pressure against the parts carrying the respective reeds, and
another arm in position such that in the event of the shuttles all
correctly clearing their sheds this other arm will pass down an inclino
and lock all the reeds rigidly to their common bar; but in the event
of any shuttle stopping in its shed, and that reed yielding by the action
of the shuttle to the spring pressure, this other arm will rise up another
incline and prevent such locking.
Another part of the Invention has reference to a stop motion to stop
the loom when weft breaks or fails, or any shuttle stops in its traverse
as stated. For this purpose there are a series of fingers carried by
rocking arms, the upper ends of which fingers are in position to be
acted upon by the weft when that is correctly in position, and when
so acted upon the lower hooked ends of these fingers are tilted out of
the way of the hooked ends of other rocking arms; but in the event
of the absence in proper position of any weft, then the lower end of
that finger will be left to be caught by the hooked end of one of these
other rocking levers, the axis of which by an inclined arm thereto acting
on another arm causes the stop rod to be operated upon to move the
driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley. This weft motion is also
applicable to other looms for weaving narrow fabrics.
:
The shuttle bobbin is supported in the shuttle behind the line of the
part battens, so that such bobbin will fraverse in the deepest part of
the shed, and may therefore be of greatly increased diameter. The
thread therefrom is conducted through rings or eyes held by spring or
elastic pressure so as to put elastic tension on the thread from the
bobbin during the weaving. The supporting part for the bobbin to the

page_text: shuttle is inclined to each end to facilitate the traverse of the shuttle
into the shed as the reeds go back, and its withdrawal during the
forward motion of the reeds for the beat up. The top of each reed
or part reed is supported from the lower part by brackets extending back
between the reeds sufficiently for the traverse of such shuttles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Mason Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MASON
PEARSON, of Little Horton, Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker,
send greeting.
°
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Mason Pearson, Her special
license that I, the said Mason Pearson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Mason Pearson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Mason Pearson, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements have reference to looms, in which several breadths
of fabric are simultaneously woven, and one part of the improvements
has reference especially to such looms as have the shuttle races stationary
whilst the reeds are moveable for the beat up, and the object of this part
of the Invention is that such reeds may be capable of yielding during
part of their motion for the beat up, that is to say, until the time when
the shuttles should have made their traverse, and are then locked to act
rigidly in effecting the beat up.
Each reed in place of being affixed to a common bar operated by
arms from an axis of motion, as described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to me, bearing date the 18th of August, 1873, No. 2727,
is applied to an arm of its own, which is capable of partial rotary motion
on that axis of motion, and is during part of the motion for the beat up
held to the common bar simply by spring pressure, so that any one of
the reeds is capable of yielding in the event of a shuttle not clearing its
shed by stopping in the opening for the warp. Another axis is also
applied to this common bar with arms acting by spring pressure against
the parts carrying the respective reeds, and another arm in position such
that in the event of the shuttles all correctly clearing their sheds this
other arm will pass down an incline and lock all the reeds rigidly to
their common bar, but in the event of any shuttle stopping in its shed,
and that reed yielding by the action of the shuttle to the spring
pressure, this other arm will rise up another incline and prevent such
locking.
Another part of the Invention has reference to a stop motion to stop
the loom when weft breaks or fails or any shuttle stops in its traverse,
as stated.
For this purpose there are a series of fingers carried by
rocking arms, the upper ends of which fingers are in position to be
acted upon by the weft when that is correctly in position, and when so
acted upon the lower hooked ends of these fingers are tilted out of the
way of the hooked ends of other rocking arms, but in the event of the
absence in proper position of any weft then the lower end of that finger
will be left to be caught by the hooked end of one of these other
rocking lovers, the axis of which by an inclined arm thereto acting on

page_text: another arm causes the stop rod to be operated upon to move the driving
strap from the fast to the loose pulley. This weft motion is also appli-
cable to other looms for weaving narrow fabrics.
Figure 1 Hows a livat view; Figure 4, an end view,
and Figure o, a
section of parts of a loom arranged according to the Invention. The
loom, as represented by these views, is for the convenience of the
Drawings represented of a width sufficient only for the production of
one breadth of fabric. In practice however the loom is arranged of a
width adapted to produce many breadths simultaneously at distances
apart, such as described in the Specification of the said former Letters
Patent, and as indicated by the separate plan view of parts, Figure 4.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 show; views of an arrangement of shuttle adapted
for use in such class of looms. In each of these Figures the same letters
apply to corresponding parts. a, a, indicates the main framing of the
loom, and 6 the main or driving axis, which receives motion from a
steam engine or other suitable power, acting by a strap or band on tho
drum or pulley b¹ affixed on that shaft or axis 6; 6º is a loose pulley;
c is the breast beam; d, d, are the guides or part races for the shuttles
supported by a plate e between the respective breadths of fabric in the
course of manufacture, as described in the said Specification of Patent
referred to, and which breadths of fabric and the warp used in the pro-
duction of the same are indicated by the red lines z.
The reeds / are each separately supported by being connected to the
upper ends of independent arms &', the lower ends of which are according
to my present improvements supported with capability of turning on a
common axis o; p, is another bar extending across the loom to the
extent of the reeds k. This bar p is supported by being affixed to the
upper ends of arms p¹ affixed to the axis o, and having other arms p²
applied to them, the outer ends of which carry trucks or bowls p³, which
are received into cam courses q¹ formed in wheels 7 affixed on the main
axis 6, by which means the bar p will have positive motion given to it

page_text: adapted to give positive motion to the reeds k, for which purpose the
arms k¹ of the reeds k are borne upon with a tendency to cause the
reeds to follow the bar p by means of springs p', whilst during part
of such motion in the direction for the beat-up each reed k is simply
held to the bar p by the elastic pressure of its spring p*, so that any one
of the reeds is for a time capable of yielding in the event of its coming
in contact with a shuttle through such shuttle not clearing its shed by
stopping in the opening for the warp.
In order however that rigidity may be given to the action of the
respective reeds at the time of the beat-up there is provided another 1
shaft, which is supported with capability of partial rotation in
brackets p carried by the bar p. To this shaft are applied arms 1ª,
one, or there may be more than one, to each of the reeds k, and formed
at their upper ends to bear against those reeds. On this shaft r is also
applied another arm 2, the outer end of which is formed to be acted]
upon by one end of a coiled spring ³, the other end of which is con-
nected to a hook projecting from the axis o. There is also another
arm applied to the shaft or axis r.
When from the action of a shuttle sticking in the shed, as stated, or
other cause, any one of the reeds is prevented from following the a
bar p in its forward motion for the beat-up, the arm ¹ thereof will be
acted upon to cause a partial rotation of the axis r, as indicated by the
dotted lines, the outer pointed end of the arm 7 will be raised just above
the points of the incline 8¹, and thereby relieve the reeds k of the
additional pressure of the spring r³. But in the event of there being no
obstruction to the forward motion of any of the reeds, then the outer
pointed end of the arm will in the forward motion of the reeds pass
below the point 8, and by bearing against the incline & give the desired
rigidity to the action of the reeds / with the bar p, thus locking the
reeds to the bar p.
In the event of any one of the weft threads breaking or failing whilst
it is being carried into a shed, or of any shuttle stopping in its traverse,
another part of the Invention relates to the application of a stop-motion
or stop-motions to stop the motions of the loom. t is a finger, of which
there will be one to each breadth, or there may be one on each side of
cach breadth of fabric, the upper end of each of which fingers is in position

page_text: to be acted upon by the weft when that weft correctly passes into the
shed. These fingers are capable of rocking on axes & carried by the
outer ends of arms from the shaft u, and at their lower ends the
fingers are formed with hooks capable of being caught by the
notched end v¹ of the arm v. When a weft thread as taken by its
shuttle is correctly in position it acts upon the upper end of its finger t
to tilt its lower end away from the hook v'. But in the event of weft
failing or breaking, at such time the lower end t thereof will be caught
by the hook of the arm in the rocking motion given to that arm for
the purpose, and the finger t will be drawn down, drawing with it the
outer end of the arm u¹ to which it is affixéd, thus causing a partial
rotation to be given to that axis ", when another arm u² affixed on that
axis will be moved to act on the projection w¹ of the lever arm w affixed
to the axis w³, and that axis wo³ will be caused to make a partial rotation
in its bearings a³, a², and by another arm 20³ thercon act upon the rod of
the fork w* to shift the driving strap off the fast on to the loose pulley.
A is a stop-rod supported in bearings a³, and by means of a stud A¹ con-
nected to the arm w¹ to enable the operator to stop or set on the loom by
sliding that rod A in one or the other direction.
The rocking motion to the arm is obtained by means of the truck or
bowl v applied to a toothed wheel ³, which receives motion from a
pinion affixed on the main shaft by such truck or bowl acting on tho
outer end of a lever o³, which is capable of turning on the fixed stud vª,
and at its other end is formed with a slotted opening adapted to receive
an adjustable stud o³ projecting from the arm v affixed to the axis v10 of
the arms v.
Having thus described my Invention, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise arrangements of parts, as shown and
described, as variations may be made therein without departing from
the peculiar character of my Invention; but what I do claim is,—
The adaptation or combination of means whereby the reeds or slays
are capable of yielding in the event of a shuttle sticking in the shed, or
of other obstruction, and whereby the weaving of narrow fabrics is
facilitated, substantially as described.

page_text: Secondly. I claim the adaptation or combination of means whereby
stop-motion acts to stop the motions of looms for weaving narrow fabrics
in the event of weft breaking or failing, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mason Pearson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in the year of t
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.