matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS OF COMMUNICATING MOTION OR POWER FROM THE ENGINE OF A TRAIN TO ANY PART OF THE TRAIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January 1866.
I, HENRY SHAW, of Stones End, Borough of Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS OF COMMUNICATING MOTION OR
POWER FROM THE ENGINE OF A TRAIN TO ANY PART OF THE TRAIN," to be as
follows:-
From the part of the train at which it is desired that a motion or power
should be made or exerted a steam pipe is laid to the engine boiler, with
flexible or telescopically extensible joints therein for passing from carriage
to carriage; the steam can be then applied to make or exert the motion
or power that is desired by using a cylinder and piston fed by steam from the
pipe.
The followings objects may be enumerated where this Invention may be
used with advantage:-The causing of a railway break to be put in force;
the causing of the doors of the carriages to be locked and unlocked; the
changing of an index showing the passengers the station they are next
approaching; the working of the apparatus required in the use of Shaw's
pneumatic railway break; the turning on of the gas whilst passing the
tunnels.
AN IMPROVED DIPPING MIXTURE FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Dickinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1866.
I, JOHN CHARLES DICKINSON, of Boston, in the County of Lincoln, Veterinary
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DIPPING MIXTURE FOR SHEEP AND LAMBS," to be as follows:-
This improved dipping mixture is to be used for the purpose of destroying
all parasites such as ticks, lice, or others which infest the wool of sheep and
lambs, and also for the cure of the disease called "scab," and contains no
poisonous principle which is likely to injure the sheep or lambs themselves,
such as mercury or arsenic which are frequently employed for such purposes.
The improved dipping mixture is composed as follows, and in about the
following proportions:-Light pitch oil, one hundred pounds; lime water,
fifty pounds; cold water, fifty pounds; soft soap, sixteen pounds; fat or lard,
eleven pounds; pearlash, four ounces. These ingredients being well mixed
together the mixture is used in the proportion of about one pound of the
same to every forty pounds of hot or cold water. When used for the cure of
"scab "in sheep or lambs tobacco juice or paste is added to the above and
the mixture employed in the same way..
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bünger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1866. A communication from abroad by Julius Brönner, of
Frankfort-on-the-Maine, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, WILLIAM BÜNGER, of 17, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of gas burners whereby the
illuminating power of the gas is increased and a great saving in the con-
sumption effected. For this purpose, according to this Invention, it is
preferred to form a gas burner in two parts fitting together. The lower
part of the burner passes into the gas pipe, and is by preference of similar
form to an ordinary gas burner placed in an inverted position within the
supply pipe. The gas passes through the internal orifice to the other or
outer part of the burner, which is of the usual construction, but is formed
with a larger orifice than the inner one. By passing through the internal
orifice the pressure of the gas is reduced before it reaches the flame or
point of combustion, and when a very steady flame is required the chamber
between the inner and outer orifices of the gas burner is fitted with an
intercepting layer of cotton, asbestos, metal filings, wire gauze, or other
similar materials for the gas to pass through before it reaches the point of

page_text: combustion. The distance between the internal and external orifices inay
be varied, the chamber thus formed between the internal contracted passage
and the outer burner causing more perfect combustion of the gas, which is
thus prevented from combining with too large a volume of atmospheric air,
only a sufficient quantity of which is brought in contact with the gas to
develope its highest illuminating capacity. These burners are compact in
form, and are applicable to all ordinary gas fittings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS USED FOR MELTING GLUE AND FOR HEATING WOOD AND IRONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cotter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1866.
I, WILLIAM COTTER, of 9, Edith Street, Great Cambridge Street,
Hackney Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS USED FOR
MELTING GLUE AND FOR HEATING WOOD AND IRONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in heating apparatus
used for melting glue and for heating wood and irons. For these pur-
poses a fire-place enclosed in an iron case is used, by preference of a
cylindrical form. At the upper end is inserted an ordinary copper or
vessel to contain water; over this is fixed a plate having as many holes
through it as it is intended to insert glue pots; the lower parts of the
glue pots are by such means immersed in water, which is kept heated by
the fire below the copper or boiler. In order to heat the irons used when
veneering wood a shelf is formed or fixed on the outside of the case of
the copper and fire-place. There is a flue formed on one side to carry off
the products of combustion. There is a perforated door at the lower part
of the outer case below the door of the fire-place to admit air, and the
ashes are received at the bottom of the case. At one side of the cover
over the copper or boiler is an outlet covered by a valve weighted some-

page_text: what lighter than the weight of the glue pots, so that steam will pass
away in that direction in place of lifting the glue pots. In some cases the
end of a hollow metal box is placed over this outlet in order that the
escaping steam may heat such box, and by having such box enclosed
above work and "cauls" may be heated in place of employing the
ordinary fire-place or stove for such purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS THEREOF
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Faulkner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1866.
I, SAMUEL FAULKNER, of Blackley, in the County of Lancaster, Colton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING THE ROLLERS OR
CYLINDERS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the rollers of carding engines, which are
sometimes used in place of doffing combs, and consists in mounting one of
them upon arms capable of being turned downward upon a centre of motion
to facilitate a clearance should a lapping occur.
Secondly, my Invention relates to apparatus for grinding rollers or cylinders.
In grinding such rollers as are usually removed from the engine for that
operation I place them in a framework, which also contains bearings for the
emery or other grinding roller. The bearings for the card roller (or it may
be the grinding roller) are formed in levers, connected together by a shaft,
upon which are also other levers carrying pins situate in slots and capable
of being tightened in any required position. By turning these levers upon
their centre of motion the cord roller is brought up true to the grinding
surface. In grinding cards which are not usually removed from the machine
I use the same apparatus, but adapt a fixing to receive the grinding roller
instead of using a detached frame.
Another part of my Invention relates to a method of applying glue or
other such substance to rollers which are to be covered with emery for grinding

page_text: cards. For this purpose I use a trough supplied with a solution of glue
kept hot by steam. In this trough is a brush the length of the roller to be
coated, and which is caused to revolve and thus convey the glue to the
roller. Or I use a flat brush the whole length of the roller and supply it
with glue by another brush. I also use a reservoir of glue kept hot by steam b
and from which the trough may occasionally be supplied to keep up the right
quantity.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Donaldson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1866.
I, ROBERT DONALDSON, of 33, Lower Belgrave Place, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
The object of the improvements is to signal to the guard, driver, or others
in charge of a train of carriages that assistance is needed in some particular
part or parts of such train. For this purpose each of the compartments of
the carriage is provided with a lamp, which may under ordinary circumstances
be used to light the interior of the compartment to which it is applied, but
in addition to being formed to light the interior of that compartment each of
such lamps is applied so as to be raised in its socket partly above the carriage
for the purpose of its light being seen by and attracting the attention of a
guard, driver, or others in charge of such train. Each lamp so arranged is
held down to act under ordinary circumstances to light the interior of a
carriage by a catch, and it is suspended in its socket, so as to be capable
of being raised therein by springs or weight when the catch is released.

page_text: In the event of a passenger or other person in any compartment of a train
being desirous to signal it will simply be necessary to pull a cord or otherwise
act upon to release the catch to the lamp corresponding with the particular
compartment, when the springs or weight will cause that lamp to rise in its
socket sufficiently for the light thereof, aided, if desired, by a bull's-eye,
colored glasses, or reflector, to be visible along the top of the train of carriages,
so as to attract the attention of the guard or others in charge of it. The
means for acting on the catch and releasing the signal may be covered with
a paper or other covering, upon which instructions with cautions against
mischievious or careless use are given, and which must be defaced, removed,
or partially so before such use. Upon the engine in front of the driver is
placed a plate glass mirror, reflector, or reflectors adapted to receive and
reflect the light of such lamp to attract attention though the back of the
driver may be towards the lamp, and like plate glass mirrors or reflectors
are applied in the guard's compartment, and such reflectors may be used
to reflect any light of the same or other trains within view on the same
rails.
In place of each compartment of a train of carriages being provided with a
separate signal lamp one lamp may serve for each carriage or for several com-
partments thereof, there being means provided in each compartment for the
purpose of releasing such signal lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALL BELLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Tonks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1866.
I, EDMUND TONKS, of the Firm of William Tonks and Sons, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said, Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALL BELLS," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists of the arrangement or combination of parts, herein-
after described, for actuating or giving motion to the moveable clappers of
call bells, whereby great simplicity of construction and economy of manufacture
are obtained.
In constructing a call bell according to my Invention I give the rod or stem
of the clapper a bent, cranked, curved, or semicircular figure, and I connect or
joint the upper end of the said rod or stem to a fixed pin situated near the top
of the pillar carrying the bell; the end of the said rod or stem of the clapper
turns freely on the said pin as a centre; the said clapper when in its normal
position hanging near the pillar of the bell. The clapper is advanced against
the bell so as to ring or sound it in the following manner :-Passing through
the top of the bell into the inside thereof is a rod or wire capable of sliding
vertically; the upper end of, the said rod or wire outside the bell is provided
with a disc or plate, and the lower end of the rod or wire is made into an eye
or loop, through which eye or loop the upper end of the rod or wire of the
clapper passes; or the bottom of the vertical rod or wire may be jointed to

page_text: the wire or rod of the clapper. By pressing down the disc or plate above the
bell by the hand the vertical rod or wire carrying it is depressed, and the
clapper thereby made to turn upon its pin or centre and strike and sound
the bell. The hand being removed from the disc or plate above the bell
the clapper returns to its normal position raising in its motion the rod or wire
by which the clapper is moved to strike the bell. Instead of a closed eye or
loop through which the wire of the clapper passes the said wire of the
clapper may engage with an open loop, and the vertical sliding rod may be
prolonged below the eye or loop and made to work in a hole in the pillar of
the bell so as to guide the vertical rod in its motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF LOOPED FABRICS MADE ON WARP LACE MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carrier and William Vickers
Copeland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th August 1866.
We, HENRY CARRIER, of Ilkeston, in the County of Derby, Lace Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM VICKERS COPELAND, of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
LOOPED FABRICS MADE ON WARP LACE MACHINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in forming upon a warp lace ground or grounds
spots or sprigs by the employment of additional threads to form such spots or
sprigs. These additional threads lie loose on the face of the lace ground and
between the spots or sprigs in such manner that those portions of threads
which are not used in producing the spots or sprigs may be cut or clipped
away from the lace ground or grounds so that the threads are not seen except
in those places where they bave formed the spots or sprigs. The threads
employed in forming the ground or grounds and for producing the spots or
sprigs we enter through ordinary guides in any required number of bars;
these guides may be soldered to the bars or be cast in leads, and such leads
may be screwed or otherwise secured to the bars; these bars are of the usual
construction of those employed in warp lace machines, and they are moved by

page_text: wheels also of ordinary construction; the cut of such wheels, however, varies
according to the ground required to be made, and the spots, sprigs, or
other patterns to be produced thereon; or the bars may be moved by means
of one or more jacquard apparatus. The combined movements of the various
parts of the machinery or apparatus are effected by means of cams, levers,
and connecting links, or by equivalent mechanical contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP GAB
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernst Büchner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May 1866.
I, ERNST BUCHNER, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP
GAB," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of gas.
For this purpose I heat the furnace by which the gas retorts are heated by
burning therein gas tar and ammonia water. Any suitable arrangement or
construction of furnace may be employed and separate from the combined use
of gas tar and ammonia water as fuel, I make no claim to the construction of
furnaces, I however prefer to employ a furnace such as is shown in the annexed
Drawings, Figure 1 of which is a transverse section and Figure 2 a longitudinal
section. The section Figure 1 is taken at the line A, B, in Figure 2, and the
section Figure 2 is taken at the line C, D, in Figure 1. a, a, & b, b, are passages
for the admission of air; c is an incline on which the tar and ammonia water
is male to drop and by which they are led into the furnace; d is a tank
containing the tar; e is a tank containing the ammonia water; f.f, are pipes
leading to the dropping plate. The furnace is filled in the first instance with
a little wood or other fuel once for all and set on fire, and then the taps on the
pipes leading from the tar and ammonia tanks are opened and these liquids
flow slowly into the furnace. By these means a greater yield of gas is

page_text: obtained and the operation is conducted more expeditiously than heretofore,
whilst at the same time waste products are usefully applied. The heating
also is more economical than with coke, and the retorts last longer because
they are not cooled by opening the furnace.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moffat at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1866.
1, JOHN MOFFAT, of Ardrossan, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the constructing or mode
of arranging lamps which are specially applicable for the lighting or
illuminating of railway and other carriages, although it is not intended to
confine the lamps so constructed to these uses only, as they may be employed
for other purposes where lighting or illuminating is required.
Under one modification, in the upper part of the lamp case openings are
formed through which the air for supplying the combustion of the oil passes,
on reaching the interior of the case it is drawn through another series of
openings situated in a horizontal annular plate, and through the centre of
which the chimney passes This horizontal plate forms an annular chamber
with another convex annular plate, from the centre of which the chimney
originates, and tubes descending from the convex plate conduct the air thus
supplied into the chambers surrounding the wick, at the upper part of which

page_text: chambers and the wick itself the combustion takes place, or the tubes may be
flattened out so as to form the means by which the air is directed upon the
flame The upper annular chamber contains the tank or reservoir from
which the oil is supplied, this being conducted to the wick by two descending
pipes similar to those by which the air is supplied.
Under a second modification instead of supplying air to the wick as in the
first arrangement it is heated on its passage thereto, the heating or warming
of the air being effected in the following manner -The air in passing into
the upper annular chamber instead of descending therein through several
rows or lines of apertures can pass through one series of holes only, this series
being situated near the edge or periphery of the upper circular plate, which is
closed at every other point except these openings near the circumference;
on passing therethrough it descends down around the outer space formed by
the annular tank, and outside of the lamp case, and thence through a secondary
chamber enclosing the tank, from which it issues down around the chimney
and thence into the pipe for directing it to the wick; on passing through
the chamber above described the air becomes heated. In regard to the other
features this modification is similar to the first and need not be again specified.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREVENTING OXIDATION AS ALSO THE FOULING OF THE LOWER PARTS OF IRON-BUILT SHIPS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PROTECTING THE INSIDE OR HULL PORTION OF SUCH KIND OF SHIPS, AS WELL AS THE INTERNAL IRON PARTS USED FOR LINING OR STRENGTHENING VESSELS PRINCIPALLY CONSTRUCTED OF WOOD
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1866.
I, JOHN RUSSELL, of the City and County of Cork, Ireland, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREVENTING OXIDATION AS ALSO THE FOULING OF THE LOWER PARTS OF
IRON-BUILT SHIPS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PROTECTING
THE INSIDE OR HULL PORTION OF SUCH KIND OF SHIPS, AS WELL AS THE INTERNAL
IRON PARTS USED FOR LINING OR STRENGTHENING VESSELS PRINCIPALLY CONSTRUCTED
OF WOOD," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the application of glass enamel to the
plates or outer plates of iron ships, as also to the keel, cut-water, and when
convenient the stern post, and to other adjacent parts, such enamelling:
being effected in the ordinary way in which it has hitherto been commonly.
done for protecting the surfaces of wrought and cast iron, viz., the covering.
of the plates or parts intended to be enamelled with powdered glass or.
silica mixed with suitable fluxes, and submitting the same to a sufficient.
heat to melt or vitrify such coating to make it adhere and flow smoothly
over the surface of the plates or parts to which it has been applied.
Secondly, in the application of glass enamel to the inside of the plates.
or inner linings, ribs, framing, or strengthening parts of iron-built ships..

page_text: Thirdly, in the application of the like enamelled plates to the coating or
covering of the hull or lower portion of timber-built ships.
Fourthly, in the application of the said enamelled plates to the protect-
ing, wholly or partially, of the inside of ships built of wood or partly of
wood and partly of iron.
By the application of this enamel to the parts referred to ship bottoms
will be preserved to a great extent, if not wholly, from fouling, even when
remaining stationary for unloading and loading in warm climates, but
should slight fouling take place the same.will be found easy of removal, as
the hard vitreous surface of the enamel will prevent incrustations and
addition of animal or vegetable matter to which vessels as commonly con-
structed are subjected. An enamelled inner coating to vessels wholly or
partially engaged in some particular trades will be found not only advan-
tageous in preserving the quality of the merchandise carried in them,
but also in promoting cleanliness and thereby the health of the crew or
occupants generally of such ships.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING OR DOUBLING YARNS OR THREADS OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tolson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1866.
I, JAMES TOLSON, of the Firm of Tolson, Haigh, and Brooke, of Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Manufacturers and Spinners, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR TWISTING OR DOUBLING YARNS OR THREADS OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of twisting or doubling yarns or threads in
such manner as to produce what is technically known as "French twist," or
the twisting together of two or more threads of different colours of yarns in
an irregular manner so as to produce various fancy effects in fabrics woven
of or with such yarn.
My improvements consist in applying a series of stationary guides in front
of the drawing rollers of spinning and twisting mules, or machines to conduct
yarn from bobbins placed on an ordinary creel to be twisted with yarn or
yarns passing betwixt the drawing rollers in the usual way; also in sub-
stituting an intermittent motion to the drawing rollers instead of the present
continuous motion by means of a driving wheel, having alternately blank
spaces and teeth, or by the employment of a star wheel or other equivalent
means of producing an intermittent motion; also in mounting the spinning

page_text: or twisting spindles in a separate pair of rails, or a frame hinged to the carriage
and capable of oscillation; a suitable number of catches are also provided
to act upon this frame during the draught or drawing out of the earriage to
prevent the forward movement of the spindles when the drawing rollers are
not in motion, the twist motion being continued, whereby the desired effect is
produced.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Vaughton and Oliver
Vaughton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th November 1866.
We, THOMAS VAUGHTON and OLIVER VAUGHTON, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, trading under the Style or Firm of Vaughton and Sons,
Jewellers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
Our improvements appertain to articles of jewellery that will admit of a
sufficient hollow space for the receptacle of small photographs, hair, or other
devices, scent, and such like purposes; and we form these hollow receptacles
in the main portion or body of brooches, lockets, keys, seals, or the centre
portion of bracelets, sleeve links, rings, charms, or other like articles of
jewellery capable of being manufactured in accordance with our improve-
ments, the outer part or parts being so constructed and of any convenient
shape as to be fitted with a joint, the axis of which is at right angles with the
plane of its movements, a suitable stop being constructed either with a spring
catch or otherwise to hold or retain the parts when closed.
But for better definement we will describe our Invention as applied to a
watch key, the body of which we will suppose to be, for example, of an oval
form, and to be of two parts in the plane of the oval, with the pipe attached
to one part for winding the watch, and with a suitable elongation at the other
end so formed as to be capable of receiving an axis or pin at right angles with

page_text: the plane of the oval, and over or on this axis an exact counterpart of the
other oval portion of the key is placed. These oval portions may be mounted
with stones or otherwise finished exteriorly, whilst the interior is arranged for
receiving photographs, hair, or other devices, or appropriate additions capable
of being exposed by sliding the ovals one over the other on the axis before
referred to. The ends of the said axis may be conveniently extended or used
for receiving a link or bow for attachment.
MENTS IN PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection-only:)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1866. A communication from abroad by Antoine Alexandre Pelaz,
of 33, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY,, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES,"
communicated to me from abroad by Antoine Alexandre Pelaz, of 33,
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to print fabrics, materials, and substances
with a design, pattern, or device thereon on both sides or surfaces simul-
taneously. For this purpose a plate, block, or printing surface is used, and
by means thereof a device or design is imprinted on a sheet, block, or
surface of caoutchouc having a velveted, flocked, or pile surface on its
entire upper face (instead of only on the parts forming the device). The
fabric or material to be printed is introduced between the first-named
printing surface, which is placed uppermost, and the impressed or figured
caoutchouc surface, which is placed undermost, and pressure being applied
the fabric or material is printed on both sides simultaneously with the same
design. The proper register is readily obtained by the upper printing surface.
Colours may be applied by using printed caoutchouc surfaces prepared
as described, one for each colour, the colour being applied at the parts
required; and a like colour is applied on the upper face of the fabric In

page_text: subsequent operations in many cases fresh colour need not be applied to
the caoutchouc surfaces but only on the upper surface, sufficient colour
being forced through the fabric to print in colours on the opposite side.
When printing rollers are used, the caoutchouc having been prepared as
described, and printed with the required device or pattern, is placed on a
roller, and the fabric is passed between the printing or ordinary roller and
the caoutchouc roller, which in this instance is used instead of the usual
blanket roller. Oilcloth, gutta percha, waterproof cloth, or other water-
proof elastic substance, after having a velveted, piled, or flocked surface
formed thereon as described, and being printed as described, may be used
instead of the caoutchouc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS AND IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING THE SAME HERMETICALLY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Didier Louis Nicolas Daubisgnye
and Robert Dawson Clegg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th April 1866.-A communication from
abroad by Charles François André Pécaut, residing at Bagnolet, near
Paris, Grande Rue, No. 138ter (France).
We, DIDIER LOUIS NICOLAS DAUBISGNYE, of 22, Rue Hautefeuille, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Publicist, and ROBERT DAWSON CLEGG, of 22,
Parkfield Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE
STOPPERS AND IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING THE SAME HERMETICALLY," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to fasten a stopper into and upon the neck
of a bottle hermetically, and this we do as follows:-We take a stopper of
glass or any suitable material of a shape so as to allow of a washer of cork,
india-rubber, or other elastic substance, and apply to it a metal cramp or
fastening which admits of taking into certain gaps or grooves formed in the
neck of the bottle and stopper, and by turning the stopper the ends of the
cramp or fastening are brought under the collar or rim of the neck, and made
by a screw in the centre of the stopper to bring it to a close contact and form
a sealed joint.

page_text: This system is adapted for the preservation of all substances, and possesses
the advantage of being used for an indefinite period.
Bottles so stopped and fastened may be put into boiling water without
affecting the stopper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE. TO CARRIAGE, BUFFER, DRAW, AND OTHER SPRINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Statham and Benoni Collins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th May 1866.
We, HARRY STATHAM, India-rubber Manufacturer, and BENONI COLLINS,
Manager, both of the City of Manchester, and County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE.
TO CARRIAGE, BUFFER, DRAW, AND OTHER SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to that class of springs formed by india-rubber or
its compounds or similar elastic material arranged so as to be subjected to
compression by the force acting upon or resisted by it. Such springs have
hitherto been made of pieces of india-rubber of various forms placed upon a
rod or rods and within cases or hoops, or between discs or plates of metal,
but such pieces of india-rubber have been made solid.
Our Invention consists in forming and constructing buffer and like springs
of hollow forms of india-rubber, by preference hollow rings circular in form
and section, the hollow cavity being filled or charged with air; these hollow
rings or other hollow forms of india-rubber or its compounds or other elastic
material are arranged upon a rod or rods against each other, or between discs
or plates of metal, or they are combined with solid rings or other forms of
india-rubber and inclosed in a case, or with hoops, as hitherto. By making.
the rings or other forms of india-rubber hollow and enclosing air therein more
elasticity is obtained with less weight of material and greater resisting power.
and durability

page_text: Another part of our Invention consists in making the rings or other hollow
forms of india-rubber or its compounds with a small hole or holes through
which the air can pass to and from the hollow cavity; and such hollow rings
will be found useful, more particularly for buffers, where it is desirable to
check the reaction after compression and render it less sudden.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Roger Stark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1866.
I, ALEXANDER ROGER STARK, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the admixture of other mineral matters with
coal during the destructive distillation in the manufacture of lighting gas, in
order to obviate the production of a non or imperfectly combustible deleterious
or objectionable gaseous body, such as is formed in ordinary gas, or to
decompose or convert it into an illuminating gas, whereby the gas resulting
from such destructive distillation will be purer and give a far more brilliant
light than gas as usually manufactured. I either place a layer of additional
material herein-after mentioned on the top of the coal in the retort, or it may
be mixed intimately with it or disposed in a series of layers, but I prefer it
placed over the top of the coals; for this purpose I employ a layer of lime-
stone, ironstone, chalk, earth, or other similar mineral substance, the effect of
which will be to decompose or convert the carbonic oxide generated from the
coal during its destructive distillation into an illuminating gas, or otherwise
to affect it so as not only to increase the volume of gas generated from a given
quantity of coal, but also to much enhance the illuminating power of the whole
product.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CEILINGS OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cetti at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1866.
I, CHARLES CETTI, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Upholsterer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CEILINGS OF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
In constructing the ceilings of buildings in the ordinary way the laths and
plaster constituting the ceiling are attached to the under side of the joists, to
the upper side of which joists the flooring of the room above is attached.
My Invention consists in using with the ordinary joists a series of
supplementary joists for carrying the ceiling of the room, instead of connecting
the ceiling to the joists carrying the flooring. The bottom edges of the said
supplementary joists are situated a short distance below the bottom edges of
the ordinary joists, and upon the bottom edges of the said supplementary joists
the ceiling is constructed in the ordinary way. The supplementary joists are
made of about half the strength and depth of the ordinary joists, and the
supplementary joists may either be situated equidistant between and parallel
with two of the ordinary joists, or be situated a short distance from the
ordinary joists. As the top edges of the supplementary joists are considerably
below the top edges of the ordinary joists, the said supplementary joists do

page_text: not interfere with the stays or props placed between the ordinary joists to
prevent lateral motion. The supplementary or ceiling joists are built in the
walls of the building in the ordinary way.
By constructing ceilings according to my Invention the joists carrying the
ceiling are fixed in the walls below and are independent of those carrying the
flooring, so that the vibration communicated to to the flooring is not transmitted
to the ceiling, and the disfiguration of and injury to the ceiling or the
embellishments attached to the ceiling, which commonly occurs from the
vibration of the ceiling when constructed in the ordinary way, is wholly
avoided.
My Invention is especially applicable to the construction of the ceilings of
dwelling houses, but may also be applied to the construction of ceilings
generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING JIGGERS, LATHES, AND THROWING WHEELS USED BY POTTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Leak at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1866.
I, ELIAS LEAK, of Longton, in the County of Stafford, Lathe Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRIVING JIGGERS, LATHES, AND THROWING WHEELS USED BY POTTERS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist principally in driving such jiggers, lathes, and
throwing wheels by the direct action of steam on a fan or wheel enclosed
in a box and fixed on the spindle of the jigger, lathe, or throwing wheel to
be driven. Upon the spindle I key or fix a double fan or wheel (some-
what similar to what is known as a drum paddle wheel), consisting of two
plates or discs outside and one disc or midfeather in the centre. The
vanes of the fan or wheel divide the cylindrical spaces on each side of the
central disc or midfeather into a number of compartments, the vanes on
one side of the midfeather being opposite to the centre of the spaces
between the vanes on the opposite side of the midfeather. This fan or
wheel is enclosed in a box which is provided with two pipes, one for the
admission of the steam to act upon the fan or wheel, and the other for
emission or escape of the steam therefrom. The former is connected to a
steam boiler, and is furnished with a stop-cock. The end which commu-
nicates with the fan box is divided into two branches, so that two jets of

page_text: steam act simultaneously on the fan or wheel, one on each side of the
central disc or midfeather. Upon opening the stop-cock the steam acts
direct on the fan or wheel fixed on the spindle, and thus drives the jigger,
lathe, or throwing wheel without the intervention of gearing or endless
bands. The speed of the jigger, lathe, or throwing wheel is controlled by
means of a break actuated by a treadle in the usual manner, but it may
also be regulated by opening or closing the stop-cock more or less.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR INDICATING THE QUANTITIES OF LIQUIDS CONTAINED IN CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tomlinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1866.
I, JAMES TOMLINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Licensed
Victualler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS FOR INDICATING THE QUANTITIES OF LIQUIDS CONTAINED IN CASKS AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable the proprietors of establishments
where a large number of casks or other vessels are in use to ascertain at sight
by the indicating means herein-after described the quantity or stock of liquid
in each said cask or vessel. Such Invention, however, is particularly useful in
houses of entertainment, for not only is the stock indicated, but information of
such a nature is provided that fraud can be easily detected, and this state of
matters prevent unjust suspicion.
Into each cask or vessel, at the bottom or lower part, I connect a pipe,
usually of very small size, and convey the whole of these pipes any necessary
distance to one or more convenient places, where they terminate each in a
vertical or nearly vertical properly graduated glass tube or vessel, or to each
glass tube or vessel there is affixed or connected a scale divided in equal
portions, if the vessel communicating therewith is of a regular form, or unequally

page_text: divided if the vessel is of an irregular form. All these tubes are brought
close together into very small space, and are very neat. The stock in a large
establishment can by the means described be ascertained in a very short time,
and the labour of dipping each vessel separately saved, besides, as liquids always
find their level, there cannot, when the graduation is once properly made, be
any incorrect indication.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FASTENING THE MOUTHS OF CORN, FLOUR, AND OTHER SACKS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Macdonnell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
October 1866.
I, WILLIAM MACDONNELL, of Tipperary, in the County of Tipperary, in
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENING THE MOUTHS OF CORN, FLOUR, AND OTHER SACKS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in running a string or cord through eyelet holes in
the canvass or other fabric of which the sack is made. The usual way of
fastening corn or flour sacks is by gathering up the edge and tying it with a
strong cord. This mode is often found insufficient in long journeys or where
the sack has to be removed several times, and the binding cord is apt to
be lost.
By my Invention each sack is always accompanied by its binder while
giving a greater security. Holes may simply be made in the canvass and the
string or cord run through them, but eyelets may be inserted, which adds to
the appearance and will wear much better.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CROQUET BALLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walker Moseley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1866.
I, WALKER MOSELEY, of Nos. 17 and 18, King Street, Covent Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Cutler, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CROQUET BALLS," to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to a peculiar method of constructing the balls
used in the game of croquêt, whereby the color or other marks for distin-
guishing each ball from the other balls used in the said game will not
become indistinct or obliterated. In croquêt balls made by the ordinary
method these distinguishing marks are produced by painting or otherwise
coloring the surface of the ball; it is obvious therefore that these marks
when so produced must soon become indistinct or completely worn away,
which renders it difficult to distinguish one ball from another.
By my improved method of making the said balls the distinguishing marks
cannot wear off, as they are produced by the insertion or inlaying of portions
of wood or other suitable material in the body of the ball. The said portions
so inserted or inlaid being of a different color to the other portions of the
surface of the ball, and being arranged in points or rings or other figures
which form a distinct pattern or device, varied as desired, so that each ball is
easily distinguished from the other balls used in the game.
One half of each set of balls is made of boxwood or other white hard wood,
the other half set being of ebony or other dark-coloured wood. The inserted

page_text: or inlaid portions being of such a colour as to afford the greatest contrast
to the remaining surface of the ball. When the figure or device has been so
formed the ball is placed in the lathe, in which its surface is turned quite round
and smooth. A very highly-finished appearance is thus imparted to the
surface of each ball, while the durability of its distinguishing pattern or device
is ensured, no matter how much it may be used, as the said pattern can
wear away only with the substance of the ball:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR STOPPING AND REGULATING THE FLOW OF STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Cutler and Thomas
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 28th December 1866.
We, WILLIAM HENRY CUTLER, of Eton, in the County of Bucks, Civil
Engineer, and THOMAS BROWN, of Grove Villas, Victoria Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS FOR STOPPING AND REGULATING THE FLOW OF
STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to cocks whose apertures or passages are
closed by a valve instead of by the ordinary conical plug, and consists chiefly
in constructing the said valve with a flat surface fitted to bear upon a hollow
or cup-shaped seat, or in making the said valve in the form of a cup or basin
whose edges fit evenly upon a flat seat or face. The valve employed by pre-
ference consists of a flat disc or washer of metal, wood, india-rubber, or other
material, according to the purpose for which the cock is to be employed. The
said disc is formed or fixed on one end of a rod or spindle, whose other end is
provided with a screw thread; this screw thread is fitted to pass through a
hole tapped with a corresponding thread in the end of the casing or shell of
the cock. The projecting end of the said spindle is provided with a suitable
handle or lever, by turning which the valve can be brought into or out of
contact with its seat, and the aperture of the cock. closed or opened, as
required. If desired a stuffing box may be provided for the spindle to work
brough. When the valve consists of a flat disc or washer, as above described,
he seat is formed with a projecting lip or edge surrounding the aperture or

page_text: passage through which the fluid passes; the said lip or edge may be sharp or
slightly rounded, but must be fitted to bear all round truly and evenly against
the flat surface of the valve. The valve may be made in the form of a cup
or basin with a fine and almost sharp edge, which is, by preference, slightly
rounded to prevent its cutting into its seat; the said seat or face may in this
case be formed by a washer or ring of metal, wood, india-rubber, or other
material; the said ring is placed in a socket which forms the lower portion of
the shell or casing of the cock or valve. The said socket is tapped with a
screw thread, and the upper part of the casing or shell has a projection which
is provided with a corresponding screw thread. When the washer is placed in
the socket the upper part of the shell is screwed down therein till the end of
the projection bears on the washer, which is thereby held firmly in its place.
If desired, the washer may be dispensed with, and the seat or face formed in
the metal of the socket. When the cock or valve is used with high-pressure
steam, gas, or other fluid it may be so constructed as to be either wholly or
partially opened or closed by the said pressure.