A NEW SERIES OF MACHINERY FOR THE BETTER, MORE EPPECTUAL, AND EXPEDITIOUS MODE OF SHEARING, CUTTING, AND FINISHING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, KERSÝMERES; AND ALL OTHER DESCRIPTION OF CLOTHS AND PIECE GOODS WHICH
Year: 1822

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JONAS
HODSON and JOHN HOBSON, of Mytholm Bridge, in the Parish of Kirkburton, in
the County of York, Woollen Manufacturers and Merchants, send greeting.
"WHEREAS His present most Gracious Majesty King George the Fourth,
in and by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of July last, for Himself, His
béirs and successors, did give and grant unto us, the said Jonas Hobson and
John Hobson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Jonas Hobson and
John Hobson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them,
by ourselves and themselves, or by our and their deputy or deputies, servants
or agents, or such others as we, the said Jonas Hobson and John Hobson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times hereafter, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England and Wales and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
ofA NEW SERIES OF MACHINERY FOR THE BETTER, MORE EPPECTUAL, AND
EXPEDITIOUS MODE OF SHEARING, CUTTING, AND FINISHING WOOLLEN CLOTHS,
KERSÝMERES; AND ALL OTHER DESCRIPTION OF CLOTHS AND PIECE GOODS WHICH
".

page_text: REQUIRE THE USE OF THE SHEARS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that if we, the said Jonas Hobson and John Hobson, or one of us,
should not particularly describe and ascertain tlie nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of one of
us, and cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within two calendar months next immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent, all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, should cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW THEREFORE KNOW YE, that we,, the said. Jonas Hobson and
John Hobson, in compliance with the said proviso, do hereby describe and
ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by the Sheet of Plans or Drawings to these Presents
annexed, and the following description thereof, that is to say:-
Fig. 1 represents an horizontal plan of a shearing, cutting, and finishing
machine, furnished with four pairs of cutting blades, adapted so as to crop or
shear the face of the cloth at one operation, or by once passing through the
machine. This machine is also furnished with one pair of cutting blades, which
are adapted to cut or shear the back or wrong side of the cloth at the same
operation, as will be hereafter explained. Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal
clevation of the same machine. Fig. 3, an end elevation, and Figs. 4 and 5.
detached parts of the machine. Note, the same characters or letters of
reference are used to denote corresponding parts upon all the. Figures. A
represents the main rigger or pulley, which is put in motion by the strap a,
communicating with any adequate first mover. B represents a grooved wheel
fixed upon the axis of the main pulley, round which wheel a cord or endless-
band passes, and proceeds over the conducting pullies C, C, situated one at
each end of the frame of the machine; the endless band b, in its passage
between the conducting pullies C, C, makes a turn round each of the small
pullies marked 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. These small pullies.have pins fixed in them
which act as cranks to put the shears or cutting blades in motion by means of
the connecting rods D, and arms or levers E, which levers are fixed upon the
ends of axes or spindles F, extending across the breadth of the frame of the
machine, being supported in bearings or collars G. at each end. c represents
rods or arms which are attached to the axis at their upper ends, and to the
bars of the moving blades H (of the shears) at their. lower ends, as represented
in the end elevation, Fig. 3. By this arrangement, when the small pulleys
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, are turned round their cranks cause the moving blades H

page_text: to swing or vibrate backwards and forwards. The collars G are adjustable up
and down by nuts working upon the screws or pillars i. The pillars i are
mounted upon flat pieces of metal k, which are connected together by the
bars of the leger or fixed blades I of the shears extending across the machine,
as represented in Fig. 1. Thus the moving blades H are capable of being made
to press with more or less force against the upper surfaces of the fixed or leger
blades I by the screw nuts h before mentioned. The lower bars of the leg r
blades I have pivots formed at their en is which enter into holes in the small
supports m, fixed to the frame of the machine, so that the whole of the
appendages of the shears, with the two blades H and I, may be turned upon
the said pivots in order to sharpen their edges, as occasion may require. But
when the shears are turned down in a position to act they are kept steady and
adjusted to bear with sufficient pressure upon the cloth by screws n passing
through the pieces k, and screwing into the frame of the machine. Both the
blades of the shears are made of thin steel plates, which are clamped by.
screws between two bars of metal to make them sufficiently stiff, but they
can be advanced or withdrawn from between the said bars in proportion as the
edges wear away by use. The moving blades H, with their bars, are placed so
as to move in an inclined or oblique direction to the edges of the fixed blades I,
as represented in the Plan, Fig. 1. Thus the action of the two blades is
similar to the common shears, which causes them to shear or cut the cloth
with much facility. This inclination of the moving blades is given by the
rods C before mentioned being secured by clamping screws upon their
axis F, so as to admit of being fixed in any position with respect to the sa'd
axis, and of being made to form an angle with the said axis and with the
leger blade I. o, Fig. 1, represent small projecting pieces called webs, formed
on one end of the leger or fixed blades, which serve to conduct or guide the
moving blades always to their proper position upon the surface of the said
leger or fixed blades. K shews the roller upon which the cloth or fabric
intended to be shorn or cut is first wound. This roller is adapted to turn round
with considerable friction, in order that the cloth may be drawn off regularly.
This is effected by means of the loaded lever or brake W bearing upon the
end of the roller to cause a resistance to its turning. The cloth proceeds up
from the roller K and passes over a small roller L; it is then drawn beneath
the surfaces of the leger or fixed blades I of four of the pairs of shears, and
pressed sufficiently against them by elastic cushions or pads (similarly con
structed to the cushions or pads of shearing machines at present in use),
situated immediately under each of the leger blades, or by rollers such as are
represented in Figs 4 and 5, or by rests suited to the breadth of the fabric,

page_text: by pieces sliding in a groove; the cloth then passes over a roller, M (shewn
by the dotted circle in. Fig. 2), and descends near to the ground, passing under
.a roller N to another roller O, and rising up to the roller P. (shewn clearly in
the Plan, Fig. 1); the cloth is then drawn beneath the leger blade of that pair
..of shears which is adapted to shear or cut the back or wrong side of the cloth;
the piece of cloth then turns over the roller Q, and descends in an inclined
direction to the finisher cloth roller R, which has a slow rotary motion commur
nicated to it (from the main pulley axis) by the train of the wheelworks, t, u.
When the nap or pile of the fabric requires setting up or raising it is effected
by the apparatus herein-after more particularly mentioned, or by plush or
other rollers or circular brushes turning round in contact with it, as represented
at T in the Plan, Figure 1, the said roller being put in motion by an endless
band V, communicated with the grooved wheel fixed upon the further, end of the
main pulley, axis, or otherwise, as may be found most convenient. The apparatus
just above referred to, and which we use for raising the nap. or pile, is mounted
nearly in the same manner as the shears before described, and put in motion by
a crank and pulley, or other similar contrivance, as represented at X, in Fig.
1 and 2, and is furnished with a metal blade, similar to the working blade of the
shear, or a hair brush, or other substance having a rough surface, which
vibrates backwards and forwards over the surface of the cloth for the purpose
of raising the nap or pile. The operation of the above-described machine is
as follows:-After the cloth or other fabric intended to be shorn or cut is
placed in the machine,, as already described, the main pulley Ais put in
motion, which, by the endless bands 6 and V, sets the shears and apparatus for
raising the nap or pile and plush rollers in motion, and by the train of
whoels s, and communicates a slow motion to the roller which draws
the cloth from off the roller K under the leger or fixed blades of the different
shears, and thereby sets up the gap or pile against the edges of the leger
blades so that the moving blades may cut it off, the cloth being pressed with
sufficient force against the leger blades by elastic cushions, rollers, or rests, as
before mentioned. The use of several pairs of blades is to fish a piece, of
cloth at once passing thro' the machine if required, by having each pair of
blades adjusted to crop somewhat closer than the preceding ones, until it
arrives at the part, where it passes, over the roller M, at which period the
surface of the cloth or fabric is supposed to be cut sufficiently close,, and the
remaining nap or pile is laid smooth by a roller covered with plush or other
suitable substance rubbing against it, as shewn at Z, in Figs. 1, and 2...
It now remains to explain how the back or wrong side of the cloth is shorn
or cropped. After the cloth descends over the roller M it passes over the

page_text: rollers..N, O, P, which latter 'roller..brings it up again to the level of the
surface of the frame, but in a reversed state, that is to say,..with the wrong
side of the cloth uppermost,, so as to pass under and be operated upon by the
pair of shears situated over, the cloth roller R, which are adapted to shear or
cut the wrong side of the cloth during its passage between the rollers P and Q
to the cloth roller R, where it is finally wound up to be removed from the
machine. The direction in which the cloth moves during the operation of
shearing or cutting is represented by the small darts or arrows in the Drawings.
Fig. 4, upon the Drawings, represents an improved roller to be applied
instead of elastic cushions to press or bear the cloth or fabric up to the leger
blades. This roller possesses the advantage of being able to leave the edging
or lists of the cloth uncut; or in their natural state, with the long nap or pile
on. The ends of the roller are turned down to a smaller cylinder than the
roller itself, as seen in Fig. 5; and a number of rings or collets w, w, being
equal in diameter to the roller, are adapted to slide over the small parts of the
roller, and increase or diminish its length at pleasure, so as to correspond
with tlie breadth of the cloth, and come between the lists, that by not bearing
them up to the leger blades the lists are left untouched by the shears.
Having described the machine in such manner that persons conversant with
works of a similar nature may put it in practice, it remains for us to state what
we consider as constituting our claim, and we hereby declare that we claim
only the following particulars,
First, to the carrying of the piece of cloth, or other fabric intended to be
shorn or cropped, over rollers disposed in such manner that both sides or
surfaces of the said fabric may be shorn or cropped at one operation, and in
the same machine.
Secondly, the rest rollers, above described, constructed so as to admit of
being adjusted in length suitable to the breadth of the fabric to be shorn or
cropped, by hoops, rings, or collets, made to slide over smaller parts or pivots
of the said rollers.
Thirdly, in the apparatus herein-before described for raising the nap or pile
by means of a metal blade nearly similar to the working blade of the shear
above described, or a brush of hair or other similar substance working upon
the centre, having a vibrating motion communicated to it by cranks or
5 otherwise.
Fourthly, the manner of cutting or shearing the cloth by two detached
blades working in an angle upon the edges of each other.
All other parts and apparatus described or spoken of in this Specification
are only introduced to shew the application of our Invention. The proportions

page_text: of the various parts, as well as the materials of which the same may be made,
may be left to the discretion of the workman.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jonas Hobson and John Hobson, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-fifth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-two.