Improvements in Pneumatic Tyred Wheels for Carriages or Vehicles.
Year: 1895

page_text: France),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 5th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1896--Accepted, 5th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyred Wheels for Carriages or
Vehicles.
I, PROSPER MARIE CLAUDE NIVET, of 21 Boulevard Poissonniere, Paris, in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to effect the following improvements and modifi-
cations in the pneumatic tyre arrangement described in the Specification of my
Application for Letters Patent No. 23343 of 1895.
According to this invention the felloe is flat and without any projection, which
enables the wheel to be utilised, at will, with, or without, a pneumatic tyre. The
projection or stop at one side of the metal felloe referred to in the specification
herein before mentioned is not employed, but a groove is formed in the metal felloe
near one of its edges, throughout the circumference of such felloe.
Instead of one of the metal attachment rings I use a ring of some flexible and
extensile material, such as indiarubber cord, an endless spiral spring, or simply a
cord of any other similar material, the other extensile metal ring being retained.
In fitting the pneumatic tyre on to the felloe, the same process is adopted as
that which is described in the said former specification that is to say that, after
the air chamber has been inserted into the casing, the cord or other extensile ring
is passed over the metal ring, so as to obtain a closed tube forming the outer
casing. Then the complete tyre is placed upon the felloe until the cord or extensile
ring drops into the groove around the felloe. Then, by inflating the air chamber,
the metal ring is caused to firmly compress the cord at the bottom of the groove,
when the pneumatic tyre will be firmly retained upon the felloe. It will be seen
in effect, that while owing to the oblique arrangement of the threads of the casing
as in my said former specification, such casing when the air tube is inflated,
decreases in length and is thereby more firmly applied or pressed against the surface
of the plane felloe, the cord on the other hand being firmly pressed against the bottom
of the groove by the rigid metal ring, prevents the pneumatic tyre from slipping one
way or the other upon the felloe.
When the pneumatic tyre is removed the wheel may roll upon the plane inetal
felloe, like an ordinary wheel.
The same method of attachment may be adopted for the pneumatic tyres of bicycles,
tricycles, tandems, and the like.
The felloe should in that case be constructed of wood, or it may be hollowed out or
grooved metal. The plane portion of the felloe is then raised, so as to shift the

page_text: pneumatic tyre towards the centre of the felloe, which is the indispensable con-
dition for ensuring symmetry in the situation of the tyre, in relation to the plane
of the wheel.
The one ring consists of cord or any other flexible or extensile material, while the
other ring is made of metal as in the first case.
The pneumatic tyre is mounted upon the felloe in the manner just described,
it being naturally inserted on that side of the felloe where the groove is situated.
Dated this 5th day of December 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyred Wheels for Carriages or
Vehicles.
I, PROSPER MARIE CLAUDE NIVET of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière Paris in the
Republic of France do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to effect the following improvements and modifi-
cations in the pneumatic tyre arrangement described in the Specification of my
Application for Letters Patent No. 23343 of 24th June 1895.
According to my present invention the felloe A is flat and without any projection,
which enables the wheel to be utilized, at will, with or without a pneumatic tyre.
The projection or stop a at one side of the metal felloe as described in the Specification
of my said Application No. 23343 is not employed but a groove A¹ is formed around
the felloe near one of its edges throughout the circumference of such folloe as shewn
in the transverse sections Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings and instead
of one of the metal attachment rings D I use a ring or cord of any suitable flexible
and extensile material, such as indiarubber cord or an endless spiral spring, for
example, the other metal attachment ring D¹ being retained.
In fitting the pneumatic tyre on to the felloe, the same process is adopted as
that which is described in the said Specification of my Application 23343" that is
to say after the air chamber has been inserted into the casing, the cord or other
extensile ring, D, is passed over the metal ring D', so as to obtain a closed tube
forming the outer casing. Then the complete tyre is placed upon the felloe until
the cord or extensible ring D drops into the groove A'. Then, by inflating the air
chamber, the metal ring D¹, is caused to firmly compress the cord or extensible
ring D at the bottom of the groove A¹ when the pneumatic tyre will be firmly
retained upon the felloe. It will be seen, in effect, that, while owing to the oblique
arrangement of the threads of the casing as in the Specification of my said
Application 233435 such casing, when the air tube is inflated, decreases in length
and is thereby more firmly applied to or pressed against the surface of the felloe,
the cord or extensible ring D being firmly pressed against the bottom of the groove A¹
by the rigid metal ring D prevents the pneumatic tyre from slipping one way or the
other upon the felloe.
When the pneumatic tyre is removed from a wheel formed as shewn in Figure 1
the wheel can roll upon the felloe A, like an ordinary wheel.
The same method of attachment may be adopted for the pneumatic tyres of bicycles,
tricycles, tandems and velocipedes generally. The cross section Figure 2 shews such
a wheel with the tyre applied to it.
The felloe A may in this case for example be constructed of wood; or it may

page_text: be of hollowed out, or grooved metal. The plane portion of the felloe is raised
from A¹ to a', so as to shift the pneumatic tyre towards the centre of the felloe
which is necessary for ensuring symmetry in the situation of the tyre, in relation
to the plane of the wheel.
The ring D consists of cord, or any other flexible, or extensile, inaterial, while the
ring D' is made of metal as in the first case.
The pneumatic tyre is mounted upon the said felloe Figure 2 in the manner
described with regard to Figure 1 it being inserted from the side of the felloe at
which the groove A¹ is situated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a pneumatic tyre arrangement for the wheels of carriages and vehicles as
described in the aforesaid Specification of my Application for Patent No. 23343º a
plain felloe having a groove A', and with a metal ring and a ring of flexible
or extensile material (such as cord indiarubber spiral spring or the like) substan-
tially as, and for the purpose, herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
2. The application of the arrangement hereinbefore claimed to bicycles, or
velocipedes, generally, consisting of a felloe of solid wood or hollow or grooved
metal or other suitable material having on one side, a groove A¹, and on the other
side a raised surface (A¹ to a¹) in combination with a casing, or sheath, of canvas
with oblique, or diagonal threads, provided at one edge with an extensile ring D
(of cord, rubber, or the like) and at its other edge, with a rigid ring D', substan-
tially as, and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by Figure 2 of
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of Sentember 1896
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.