THE MEANS OF EFFECTING A SAVING IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL
Year: 1815

page_text: GEORGE THE THIRD, by the grace of God, &c., to all to whom these
Presents shall come greeting.
WHEREAS ROBERT COPLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, hath by his petition humbly represented unto us that he hath
invented "THE MEANS OF EFFECTING A SAVING IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL;" that
he is the first and true Inventor thereof, and that the same hath not been
practised by any other person or persons whomsoever to his knowledge or
belief; the petitioner, therefore, most humbly prayed that we would be
graciously pleased to grant unto him, his executors, admors, and assigns, our
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of our United Kingdom, for the
sole use, benefit, and advantage of his said Invention, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all our Colonies and
Plantations abroad, for the term of fourteen years, pursuant to the Statute in
that case made and provided, and we, being willing to give encouragement to
all arts and inventions which may be for the public good, are graciously pleased
to condescend to the petitioner's request.
KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that we, of our especial grace, certain
knowledge, and meer motion, have given and granted, and by these Presents,
for us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant unto the said Robert
Copland, his executors, admors, and assigns, our especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that he, the said Robert Copland, his executors,
admors, and assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or by his
and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as he, the said

page_text: Robert Copland, his executors, adñiors, or assigns, shall at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times hereafter during the term of
years herein expressed, shall and lawfully may make, use, exercise, and vend
his said Invention within that part of our United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, our Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and also in all our Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such
manner as to him, the said Robert Copland, his executors, admiors, and
assigns, or any of them, shall in his or their discretions seem meet; and that
he, the said Robert Copland, his executors, admors, and assigns, shall and law-
fully may have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage
from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the
said Invention, for and during the term of years herein mentioned; to
have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said license, powers, privileges, and
advantages herein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto the said
Robert Copland, his executors, adñiors, and assigns, for and during and unto
the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of these Presents
next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended accord-
ing to the Statute in such case made and provided. And to the end that
he, the said Robert Copland; his executors, admors, and assigns, and every of
them, may have and enjoy the full benefit and the sole use and exercise
of the said Invention, according to our gracious intention herein-before
declared, we do by these Presents, for us, our heirs and' successors, require
and strictly command all and every person and persons, bodies politick and
corporate, and all other our subjects, of what estate, quality, degree, name; or
condition soever they be, within that said part of our United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, our Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all our Colonies and Plantations abroad
aforesaid, that neither they nor any of them, at any time during the continuance
of the said term of fourteen years hereby granted, either directly or indirectly,
do make, use, or put in practice the said Invention, or any part of the same
so attained unto by the said Robert Copland as aforesaid, nor in anywise
counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor shall make or cause to be
made any addition thereunto or subtraction from the same, whereby to pretend
himself or themselves the inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors thereof,
without the license, consent, or agreement of the said Robert Copland, his
executors, adñors, or assigns, in writing under his or their hands and seals
first had and obtained in that behalf, upon such pains and penalties as can
or may be justly inflicted on such offenders for their contempt of this our
royal command; and further to be answerable to the said Robert Copland,

page_text: bis executors, admors, and assigns, according to law, for his and their damages
thereby occasioned. And moreover, we do by these Presents, for us, our heirs
and successors, will and command all and singular the justices of the peace,
mayors, sheriffs, bailiffs, constables, headboroughs, and all other officers and
ministers whatsoever of us, our heirs and successors, for the time being, that
they nor any of them do not, nor shall at any time hereafter during the said
term hereby granted, in anywise molest, trouble, or hinder the said Robert
Copland, his executors, admors, or assigns, or any of them, or his or
their deputies, servants, or agents, in or about the due and lawful use or
exercise of the aforesaid Invention, or any thing relating. thereto : Provided
always, and these our Letters Patent are and shall be upon this condition,
that if at any time during the said term hereby granted it shall be made
appear to us, our heirs or successors, or any six or more of our or their
Privy Council, that this our grant is contrary to law or prejudicial or incon-
venient to our subjects in general, or that the said Invention is not a new
invention as to the public use and exercise thereof in that said part of our
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, our Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all our Colonies and
Plantations abroad aforesaid, or not invented and found out by the said Robert
Copland as aforesaid, then, upon signification or declaration thereof, to be
made by us, our heirs or successors, under our or their signet or privy seal, or
by the Lords and others of our or their Privy Council, or any six or more of
them, under their hands, these our Letters Patents shall forthwith cease,
determine, and be utterly void to all intents and purposes, any thing herein-
before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding: Pro-
vided also, that these our Letters Patent, or any thing herein contained,
shall not extend or be construed to extend to give privilege unto the said
Robert Copland, his executors, adñiors, or assigns, or any of them, to use or
imitate any invention or work whatsoever which hath heretofore been found
out or invented by any other of our subjects whatsoever, and publickly used
or exercised in that said part of our United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, our Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, or in any of our Colonies and Plantations abroad aforesaid, unto whom
like Letters, Patent or privileges have been already granted for the sole use,
exercise, and benefit thereof, it being our will and pleasure that the said
Robert Copland, his executors, admors, or assigns, and all and every other
person and persons to whom like Letters Patent or privileges have been
already granted as aforesaid, shall distinctly use and practice their several
Inventions by them invented and found out, according to the true intent and

page_text: meaning of the same respective Letters Patent and of these Presents: Pro-
vided likewise, nevertheless, and these our Letters Patent are upon this
express condition, that if the said Robert Copland, his executors or adñors,
or any person or persons who shall or may at any time or times hereafter
during the continuance of this grant have or claim any right, title, or interest
in law or equity of, in, or to the power, privilege, and authority of the sole use
and benefit of the said Invention hereby granted, shall make any transfer or
assignment, or any pretended transfer or assignment of the said liberty and
privilege, or any share or shares of the benefit or profit thereof, or shall declare
any trust thereof to or for any number of persons exceeding the number of
five, or shall open or cause to be opened any book or books for public
subscriptions, to be made by any number of persons exceeding the number
of five, in order to the raising any sum or sums of money under pretence of
carrying on the said liberty or privilege hereby granted, or shall, by him or
themselves, or his or their agents or servants, receive any sum or sums of
money whatsoever of any number of persons exceeding in the whole the number
of five for such or the like intents or purposes, or shall presume to act as a
corporate body, or shall divide the benefit of these our Letters Patent, or
the liberty and privileges hereby by us granted, into any number of shares
exceeding the number of five, or shall commit or do, or procure to be com-
mmitted or done, any act, matter, or thing whatsoever, during such time as such
person or persons shall have any right or title, either in law or equity, in or
to the said premises which will be contrary to the true intent and meaning
of a certain Act of Parliament, made in the sixth year of the reign of our
late Royal Great Grandfather King George the First, intituled "An Act for the
better securing certain Powers and Privileges intended to be granted by His
Majesty by Two Charters for Assurance of Ships and Merchandizes at Sea,
and for lending Money upon Bottomry, and for restraining several extravagant
and unwarrantable Practices therein mentioned," or in case the said power,
privilege, or authority shall at any time hereafter become vested in or in
trust for more than the number of five persons or their representatives at any
one time (reckoning executors or admors as and for the single person whom
they represent as to such interest as they are or shall be intituled to in
right of such their testator or intestate), that then and in any of the said
cases these our Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
hereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, any thing
herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding:
Provided also, that if the said Robert Copland shall not particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of his said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause
the same to be enrolled in our High Court of Chancery within ten calendar
months next and immediately after the date of these our Letters Patent, that
then these our Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
hereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, any thing
herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
And lastly, we do, by these Presents, for us, our heirs and successors, grant
unto the said Robert Copland, his executors, admors, and assigns, that these
our Letters Patent, or the enrolment or exemplication thereof, shall be in
and by all things good, firm, valid, sufficient, and effectual in the law, according
to the true intent and meaning thereof, and shall be taken, construed, and
adjudged in the most favorable and beneficial sense for the best advantage of
the said Robert Copland, his executors, adiñors, and assigns, as well in all our
Courts of Record as elsewhere, and by all and singular the officers and
ministers whatsoever of us, our heirs and successors, in that part of our
said United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, our
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all our
Colonies and Plantations abroad aforesaid, and amongst all and every the
subjects of us, our heirs and successors, whatsoever and wheresoever, notwith-
standing the not full and certain describing the nature or quality of the said
Invention, or of the materials thereto conducing and belonging.
In witness, &c. Witness, &c., the Twenty-nrst day of July.
By Writ of Privy Seal.

page_text: ROBERT COFLAND, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-first day of July, in the fifty-fifth year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said Robert Copland, my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Robert
Copland, my exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the
term of fourteen years therein expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "THE MEANS OF
EFFECTING A SAVING IN THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL;" as by the said recited
Letters Patent (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Copland, for divers good causes
and considerations me hereunto moving, have surrendered and yielded up,
and by these Presents do surrender and yield up, into the hands of
His said most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, the said recited
Letters. Patent, and the licence, powers, priviledges and advantages thereby