Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1890-Accepted, 15th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, JOHN GARDNER of Moult Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Type-
writer Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as fellows:-
This invention relates to the paper carriages of type-writing machines and it has
for its objects to facilitate the introduction of the paper, to ensure the convenient
arrangement of that portion of the paper on which the writing bas to be effected, and
to secure the equal feed of the paper in either direction over the whole length of the
paper feed roller and thus to prevent what is known as "winding."
According to these improvements the rigid framework of the carriage has at its
opposite ends co-axial pivots upon which the loose-carriage is mounted. The paper feed
roller is mounted in the loose-carriage ends and it is arranged to press against a solid
or rigid part of the carriage. In the loose-carriage ends there is also mounted a light
steel rod parallel with the feed roller. This rod is arranged to bear at its mid-length
upon a suitable part of the carriage frame or a projection therefrom in such a manner
that the rod is slightly curved and consequently operates as a spring bearing with
equal pressure upon each end of the loose-carriage so that the feed roller is pressed
thereby against the rigid part of the carriage in a perfectly uniform manner, thus
ensuring a regular feed for the paper.
A light detachable rod is fitted upon the carriage parallel with the feed roller in
such a manner that it may be readily inserted into and removed from its position.
A ratchet wheel and a finger knob are mounted upon the end of the feed roller and
the feed motion is given to the roller by means of a lever carrying a pawl which
engages with the ratchet wheel. The centre around which the pawl may be turned is
so arranged upon the lever that it will remain in or out of gear with the ratchet whee!
by its own weight without the aid of springs.
In operating the carriage, the paper is first placed with its bottom edge between the
feed roller and the rigid part of the carriage frame, and the feed roller is rotated
backwards by its finger knob until the paper occupies the proper position for the
commencement of the writing. The detachable rod, which has first been removed, is
now inserted behind the turned up lower part of the sheet, thus bringing the upper
and the lower parts of the sheet closely parallel, the feed roller being in the loop of
the
paper.
The carriage is then slided into the position for commencing the first line and the
machine is thereafter operated in a manner similar to that adopted in working
ordinary machines of a similar class.
Dated this 6th day of June A.D. 1890.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
1, JOHN GARDNER of 5 Cross Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Type-
writer Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to the paper carriages of type-writing machines and it has for
its objects to facilitate the introduction of the paper, to ensure the convenient
arrangement of that portion of the paper upon which the writing has to be effecte),

page_text: and to secure the equal feed of the paper in either direction over the whole length of
ibe paper feed roller and thus to prevent the inconvenience known as "winding.'
I will describe my said invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which
Figure 1 is a back elevation, and
Figure 2 a plan of the paper carriage constructed according to these improvements.
Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of the carriage as in use with the type-
writing machine described and illustrated in and by the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me No. 8719 dated the 27th day of May A.D. 1889; the type segment,
impression hammer, and other contiguous parts of the machine only being represented.
These improvements may however be applied with equal advantage to other type-
writing machines in which travelling paper carriages are employed.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 shew details of the construction and operation of the
carriage.
According to these improvements, the rigid framework A of the paper carriage has
at its opposite ends, co-axial pivots B B upon which the loose carriage ends Care
mounted. The paper feed roller D is mounted on an axis or spindle which has its
bearings in the carriage ends CC and it is arranged to press uniformly against a solid
or rigid part E of the carriage A.. This part E of the carriage A is constructed and
arranged to be continuous with and to lie parallel to the paper feed roller and its inner
surface is preferably curved to suit the rollers as shewn in Figures 3 and 8.. The
close and uniform contact between the roller D and the part E is secured by means
of a light rod F constructed of steel or other springy metal, mounted in the loose
carriage ends parallel with the feed roller, and bearing in the middle of its length,
upon an abutment or projection G on the carriage frame in such a manner that the
rod is slightly but forcibly curved as shewn by Figure 1, and consequently operates as
a spring bearing with equal pressure upon each end C of the carriage, so that the
roller mounted therein is pressed in a perfectly uniform manner upon the part E,
ensuring a true and regular feed of the paper when the roller is turned.
A light detachable rod H is also fitted upon the carriage parallel with the roller D
in such a manner that it may be readily inserted and secured in its position
or be removed therefrom. A convenient method of constructing and arranging
this rod is illustrated by Figures 1, 2, and 9. One end of the rod is turned down to
fit easily within a hole pierced in one of the ends of the loose carriage, as at 1; a
groove is turned near the other end of the rod and this groove is arranged to lie in an
open slot or recess in the opposite end of the loose carriage where it is held by the
notched catch J and spring K. This rod serves to hold the paper around the feed
roller and against the part E of the carriage, as will hereinafter be described.
A ratchet wheel L, and a finger knob or handle M are mounted upon the end of the
feed roller spindle, and the feed motion between the lines of writing is given to the
roller by means of a lever N carrying a pawl O which engages with the ratchet teeth.
The paw is pivoted on the lever N so that it may be turned thereon as shewn in
Figures 4, 5, and 6. The heel P of the pawl is of a greater weight than the point
and is enlarged or has a projection thereon so that when the pawl is put out of gear
this enlarged or projecting part P will come into contact with and rest upon the
ratchet wheel or upon a part of the carriage in a plane in front of the normal vertical
position of the lever N as in Figure 6. When the pawl is in this position, the paper
feed roller may be turned by its knob or handle freely in either direction. To put
the pawl into gear with the ratchet wheel; it is necessary only to move the lever N
forward into the position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 6, when the centre
of gravity of the counter weighted part P of the pawl will be brought behind the plane
of the lever because the part P resting against the ratchet wheel cannot move forward
with the lever consequently, as the centre of gravity is now in the vertical plane
the return of the lever N to its normal vertical position will cause the pawl to fall
automatically into gear as shewn in Figure 4, and the feed of the paper roller for the
spaces between the lines of writing is effected by bringing the lever forward into the
position shewn in Figure 5 as in ordinary ratchet feed motions. A spring such as C

page_text: Figure 1 may be employed to assist or secure the return of the lever to its normal
position.
The space between the lines is governed by the amount of angular motion of the
ratchet wheel at each stroke of the lever. The motion of this lever may be limited by
a stop R which travels in a recess in the end of the carriage. One end of this recess
may be provided with a screw or other means for adjusting the length of travel of the
lever by lengthening or shortening the recess.
S is the carriage rack; T T are the carriage guides which slide upon a rod fixed in
the machine; and U is a paper guard.
In operating the carriage, the bottom edge of the paper is inserted between the
roller and the part E; the roller is then rotated backward by the knob or handle
(the pawl having first been put out of gear) until the paper has been brought into the
desired position for the commencement of the writing. The detachable rod H, which
has previously been removed from the machine, is now inserted and secured to its
place behind the returned lower part of the sheet of paper, thus bringing the upper and
the lower parts of the sheet closely parallel as shewn at V Figure 3, with the feed
roller in the loop of the paper. The blow of the impression hammer is given through
the two thicknesses of the paper until the bottom of the sheet is nearly reached, when
it is given through the single thickness only.
The carriage is now slided into position for commencing the first line, and the
machine is thereafter operated in a manner similar to that employed in working
ordinary type-writing machines of a similar class.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is,
(1) A type-writing machine paper carriage constructed and arranged substantially
as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(2) In a type-writing. machine paper carriage the combination and arrangement
with the rigid framework of the carriage of pivoted carriage ends having the paper
feed roller mounted therein, and a spring rod abutting at about its centre upon a
projection from the rigid carriage and connected to the carriage ends, substantially as
hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(3) In a type-writing machine paper carriage, the combination and arrangement
with the paper feed roller of a light detachable rod parallel therewith, and a catch for
securing the rod in place, substantially as herein before described and as illustrated by
the accompanying drawings.
(4) In a type-writing machine paper carriage, the construction and arrangement
of the feed motion, consisting essentially of a ratchet wheel mounted on the spindle of
the paper feed roller, and a pawl gearing with the ratchet wheel and pivoted upon a
lever so as to remain in gear by its own weight and when put out of gear, to fall into
gear automatically upon the lever being moved; substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 16th day of September A.D. 1890.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.