IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS
Year: 1885

page_text: I THOMAS BRADFORD of the Crescent Iron Works Salford in the County of
Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to that class of churns described in the Specification of
a former Patent granted to me and dated November 28th 1881, Nº 5180 and
consisting of a rectangular or other suitably shaped vessel centred and hung upon
its axis in a convenient frame work in such a manner that a rotary, or semi-rotary
motion can be applied thereto by hand or by steam or other power.
I make an inlet opening and cover or lid upon one or both sides of the vessel of
suitable size and form (but by preference circular) such covers or lids to be secured
to the vessel in the manner described in the Specification above referred to, and
I also propose to adopt side cheeks or sliding blocks and also a "louvre" dash or
diaphragm of similar design to that described and shown in the said Specification.
In carrying out my present improvements I propose to turn or form the inside of
the cover of a hollow or concave shape, for the double purpose of making it lighter
yet stronger and also that the said lid or cover may be used as a hollow bowl for
receiving the butter out of the churn, thereby making it an efficient means in
conjunction with a scoop or scotch hand of withdrawing the butter milk from the
butter.
The spring bar for securing the lid to the churn I propose to flute or hollow out
upon each side for the purpose of enabling it to be held more firmly in the hand.
I also provide or fix in a convenient part of the framework, supporting the
vessel, a receptacle for holding the said lid or cover, when it is not in use so as to
avoid contact with any impurity when removed during the churning process.
A further improvement consists in making the vessel of greater diameter than
its width, which in the smaller sizes of churns renders them more efficient and in
order to overcome, or compensate for, the addition labor caused by the increased
leverage of the milk or cream at a greater distance from its working centre
I propose to use a winch handle made of flat or round spring steel, which
materially assists the working of the churn, and by making the spring adjustable
to a long or short stroke, the user is enabled to work the churn at the proper speed,
a variable speed being essential to good churning, as for instance first slow, then
quick, and finally slow again,

page_text: A further improvement consists in making the sliding Louvre dash, or diaphragm
a means of indicating the quantity of milk or cream that is being churned, thus
supplying a long felt want.
This I propose to do by forming or marking thereon dots, lines, or figures, so that
by sliding the same to the bottom of the vessel and raising it out again the mark
made by the surface of the milk or cream will indicate the exact quantity.
A further improvement consists in the addition of simple devices for securing
the dash or diaphragm upon the framework when not in use, and for holding the
spigot or plug (and a spare plug also if required) when running off the milk or
cream.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Churns.
...
I THOMAS BRADFORD of the Crescent Iron Works Salford in the County of
Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described 'and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
ܐ܂
:
f
My improvements relate to that class of churns described in the Specification of
a former Patent granted to me and dated November 28th 1881, N° 5180 and
consisting of a rectangular or other suitably shaped vessel centred and hung upon
its axis in a convenient frame-work in such a manner that a rotary, or semi-rotary
motion can be applied thereto by hand or by steam or other power.
And in order that my, invention may be clearly understood I have annexed
hereunto a sheet of drawings illustrative thereof in which Fig. 1. is a side elevation
of my improved churn. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through about the line A. B.
on Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. is a detached sectional view of the lid or cover of the churn.
I make an inlet opening and cover or lid a, a upon one or both sides of the
vessel of suitable size and form (but by preference circular) such covers or lids a, a
to be secured to the vessel in the manner described in the Specification above
referred to, and I also propose to adopt side cheeks or sliding blocks b, b and also a
"Louvre" dash or diaphragm c, c of similar design to that described and shown in
the said Specification.
In carrying out my present improvements I propose to turn or form the inside
of the cover a, a of a hollow or concave shape (see Fig. 3) for the double purpose
of making it lighter yet stronger and also that the said lid or cover may be used as
a hollow bowl for receiving the butter out of the churn, thereby making it an
efficient means in conjunction with a scoop or scotch hand of draining the butter
milk from the butter.
The spring bar d, d for securing the lid a, a to the churn I propose to flute or
hollow out as at x, x (see Figs. 2. and 3.) upon each side for the purpose of enabling
it to be held more firmly in the hand.
I also provide or fix on a convenient part of the framework, supporting the
vessel, a receptacle e, e for holding the said lid or cover a, a when it is not in use
(see dotted lines Fig. 1.) so as to avoid contact with any impurity when removed
during the churning process,
A further improvement consists in making the vessel of greater diameter than
its width, which in the smaller sizes of churns renders them more efficient, and in
order to overcome or compensate for the additional labor caused by the increased
leverage of the milk or cream at a greater distance from its working centre,
propose to use a winch handle made of flat or round spring steel f, f as shown at
Fig. 2 which materially assists the working of the churn.
I
The reduced detached view Fig. 4. shews that this spring may be made to slide in
the boss f¹ and thus be readily adjustable to a long or a short stroke (by means of

page_text: a set screw or pin so that the user may be enabled to work the churn at the proper
speed) a variable speed being essential to good churning as for instance first slow,
then quick and finally slow again.
ог
A further improvement consists in making the sliding "louvre-dash "
diaphragm c, ca means of indicating the quantity of milk or cream that is being
churned, thus supplying a long felt want.
This I propose to do by forming or marking thereon dots, lines or figures (see
Fig. 2) so that by sliding the same to the bottom of the vessel and raising it out
again the mark made by the surface of the milk or cream will indicate the exact
quantity.
A further improvement consists in the addition of simple devices or pegs g, g for
securing the dash or diaphragm c, c upon the framework when not in use (see
dotted lines Fig. 2) and I also provide a socket h, h for holding the spigot or plug
when running off the milk or cream. I also provide a second socket i for a spare
plug if required, and this spare plug will also form a rest for the left hand when
churning with the right hand.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is -
First. The improved construction of churn substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings annexed, and
Secondly. I claim as new the various improvements in the different parts of the
churn substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated either separately or
any two or more of them in combination.