Improvements in Spigot and Socket Joints for Pipes, specially applicable to Earthenware Pipes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 18th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 20th May,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spigot and Socket Joints for Pipes, specially
applicable to Earthenware Pipes.
I, GILMOUR GEORGE RAYNER, of 5, Orrel Lane, Walton, near Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
-
This invention relates to spigot and socket joints for earthenware pipes, such as
are used in sanitary engineering and described in the Specification to Letters
Patent No. 25181 granted to me and dated 28th December, 1894, and the object
is to provide a pipe joint which can be easily made water and gas tight without
having to depend too much upon the skill and care of the workmen engaged in
laying the pipes.
In carrying out my invention I provide both on the spigot and socket, jointing
surfaces of asphalt which are moulded in position on the pipes, and in addition to
the joints made by these surfaces I also provide for a circumferential band of
cement or the like jointing material which is poured in through a suitable opening
in the socket flange.
-
According to my invention I construct the pipes and make the joint as follows:-
I form on the interior of the socket, which is preferably tapered as described
in my said prior Specification, and on the exterior of the spigot, a series of cir-
cumferential indentations or grooves extending the whole length thereof, and I then
mould in the socket two separate rings or collars of asphalt, or bituminous or other
suitable substance, the one collar being located at the bottom of the socket and the
other at the mouth thereof so that an annular space is left between the two collars.
I also mould two collars of similar material on the spigot, one on the nose thereof,
which makes joint with the collar at the bottom of the socket which joint will be
referred to as the inner joint, and one on the shoulder of the spigot, which makes
joint with the ring at the mouth of the socket and which joint I will refer to as the
outer joint; it will be seen that between these two there is an annular space, the
circumferential bounding portions of which are formed by the indented surfaces
of the spigot and tapering socket, and into this space I pour cement or other
suitable material through an opening formed in the socket.
The socket collar of the inner joint may have a parallel jointing surface the
corresponding spigot collar being preferably slightly rounded on the nose, but the
socket collar of the outer joint is tapered outwards, the corresponding spigot collar
being made to suit; or the two rings forming the outer joint may be made convex
and concave respectively, the convex surface being on the spigot or on the socket
as circumstances dictate.
:
In some cases, the jointing surface of the inner rings may be also made taper and
and this taper may be a conical prolongation of the taper of the outer joint.
It is found that joints of the kind described can be very efficiently and rapidly
made, and that the exact fit of spigot and socket at both the inner and outer rings

page_text: supplemented by the circumferential band of plastic cement keyed in the inwardly
tapering socket ensures a permanent gas and water-tight joint.
An additional advantage lies in the fact that with this joint there is less
dependence upon the good faith of the workman (who has simply to pour in the
plastic cement when the pipes are fitted together) than in those cases where he is
relied upon to make a circumferential joint necessitating a clay or the like
abutment.
Considerable advantage also results from the fact that the poured joint of cement
is made between the actual indented surfaces of the spigot and the tapered socket.
Dated this 15th day of July 1897
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Spigot and Socket Joints for Pipes, specially
applicable to Earthenware Pipes.
I, GILMOUR GEORGE RAYNER, of 5, Orrel Lane, Walton, near Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
1
This invention relates to spigot and socket joints for earthenware pipes, such as
are used in sanitary engineering and described in the Specification to Letters
Patent No. 25181 granted to me and dated 28th December, 1894, and the object
is to provide a pipe joint which can be easily made water and gas tight without
having to depend too much on the skill and care of the workmen engaged in
laying the pipes.
In carrying out my invention I provide both on the spigot and socket, jointing
surfaces of asphalt which are moulded in position on the pipes, and in addition to
the joints made by these surfaces I also provide for a circumferential band of
cement or the like jointing material which is poured in through a suitable opening
in the socket flange.
I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings in which Figs. I,
II, III and IV illustrate the various modifications; in each figure the joint is shown
in longitudinal section and similar parts are indicated by the same reference
figure.
According to my invention I construct the pipes and make the joint as follows:
I form on the interior of the socket 1, which is preferably tapered as described
in my said prior Specification, and on the exterior of the spigot 2, a series of cir-
cumferential indentations or grooves 3 extending the whole length thereof, and I
then mould in the socket two separate rings or collars of asphalt, or bituminous
or other suitable substance, the one collar 4 being located at the bottom of the
socket and the other 5 at the mouth thereof so that an annular space is left between
the two collars. I also mould two collars of similar material on the spigot, one 6
on the nose thereof, which makes joint with the collar at the bottom of the socket
which joint will be referred to as the inner joint, and one 7 on the shoulder of the
spigot, which makes joint with the ring at the mouth of the socket and which
joint I will refer to as the outer joint; it will be seen that between these two there
is an annular space 8, the circumferential bounding portions of which are formed
by the indented surfaces of the spigot and tapering socket, and into this space Ę

page_text: pour cement or other suitable material through an opening 9 formed in the
socket.
The socket collar of the inner joint has a parallel jointing surface, the corre-
sponding spigot collar being preferably slightly rounded on the nose, but the socket
collar of the outer joint is tapered outwards, the corresponding spigot collar being
made to suit, this arrangement is shown in Fig. I, or the two rings forming the
outer joint may be made convex and concave respectively, the convex surface being
on the spigot as shown in Fig. II or on the socket as shown in Fig. III, as
circumstances may dictate.
In some cases, the jointing surface of both the inner rings may be made
slightly taper, the taper of the outer joint being much more pronounced; this form
is shown in Fig. IV.
It is found that joints of the kind described can be very efficiently and rapidly
made, and that the exact fit of spigot and socket at both the inner and outer
rings supplemented by the circumferential band of cement keyed in the tapering
socket ensures a permanent gas and water-tight joint. To still further ensure a
good joint, the jointing surfaces of the rings may be served with a thin coating of
plastic cement before the joint is made.
!
An additional advantage lies in the fact that with this joint there is less
dependence upon the good faith of the workman (who has simply to pour in the
cement when the pipes are fitted together) than in those cases where he is relied
upon to make a circumferential joint necessitating a clay or the like abutment.
Considerable advantage also results from the fact that the poured joint of cement
is made between the actual indented surfaces of the spigot and the tapered socket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
:-
1. The improved spigot and socket joint for pipes substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. I.
2. The improved spigot and socket joint for pipes substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. II.
3. The improved spigot and socket joint for pipes substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. III.
4. The improved spigot and socket joint for pipes substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. IV.
Dated this 16th day of April 1898.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.