matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
JMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIO BAT- TERIES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL PROTECTION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents on the 29th April 1876. A communication from abroad by
the Firm J. Brandt and G. W. v. Nawrocki, of Berlin, Prussia.
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London. "JMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIO BAT-
TERIES." A communication from abroad by the Firm J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of Berlin, Prussia.
.
-
The object of this Invention is to produce a quick separation of the metals from
the fluids and the fluids from each other by simply lifting the plates out of the cells,
and it is applicable to all such galvanic batteries consisting of any required number
of clements wherein the positive metal stands in one fluid and the negative in
another. A consequence of this is that the useless chemical consumption is prevented
and that the various fluids while the battery is out of use do not penetrate the
diaphragm and do not intermingle and become useless. For this purpose the lower
part of the porous cell or diaphragm is prepared so as to be impenetrable as regards
the acids or fluids used in the element. The positive as well as the negative pole
plates of each element are below formed so (or each plate is so arranged with a
projecting cylinder, preferably consisting of acid resisting material, and made of such
a form) that the plates on dipping into the fluids force them out of the lower parts
into the upper part of the diaphragm and clement glass or vessel. The fluids thus
surround the not impenetrable part of the diaphragm and the pole plates proper.
Hence the fluids may diffuse through the diaphragm and electrically excite the polo
plates.
When the pole plates are lifted out the lower part of the vessel becomes free again,
and the fluids return into them by their own gravity and cannot mix with one
another, as they are separated by the impenetrable part of the diaphragm.
The Invention as applied to a battery of Bunsen elements is as follows:-The
porous carthenware cells are placed into the glass vessels and are held fast in
the middle thereof by an india-rubber ring at the bottom. The lower part of cach
porous carthenware cell is to say about 2/5 of its length prepared in such a way that
it becomes impenetrable to the acids, this may be done by glazing. The zinc
cylinders have below strong rings, consisting of acid resisting material, such as im-
pregnated wood. The carbon pistous are provided below with cylindrical bars that
are also made of acid resisting material.

page_text: The earthenware cells are filled with nitric acid, the glass vessels with their
sulphuric acid. There is a wood frame above holding all the pole plates.
Instead of the cylindrical forn of the glasses, the cells and the zinc pole plates,
the parallelopipedie form may sometimes be employed, in which case the cylinders
of course are made of corresponding shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO PUMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stebbins Fish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1876. A communication from
abroad by John Taffel Gallup, of Greenport, Long Island, in the State of New
York, United States of America.
WILLIAM STEBBINS FISH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PUMPS." A communication from abroad by John Taffel Gallup, of Greenport, Long
Island, in the State of New York, United States of America.
This Invention, which relates to improvements in motive-power engines, has for
its object to drive two cranks or a double crank from two pistons contained in one
steam cylinder, the arrangement being such that the pistons are always moving in
opposite directions, and the cranks to which their piston rods are coupled being at
opposite sides of and colinear with the centre or axis of the crank shaft, a prac-
tically perfect equilibrium of motion is obtained throughout the mechanisin. The
rod or rods of one piston pass through a stuffing box or boxes in the other piston.
The stroke of each piston extends from the centre to one end of the cylinder, and.
when in action the pistons approach one another at the centre, sufficient room being
allowed between them to enable steam to be admitted for operating the pistons
throughout their outward strokes.
For the purpose of operating these pistons the cylinder is provided with three
adinission or injection ports and valves, and three exhaust or eduction ports or
valves, so that at the moment the pistons have arrived at or are about to arrive at
the ends of their outward strokes the central admission or injection valve is closed,
and the outer admission or injection valves are opened to admit steam to the outer
faces of the pistons for their inward stroke, and at the same time the central
exhaust port is opened to allow the steam which forced them outwards to escape,
and the outer exhaust ports are closed. The valves are operated from eccentrics on
the main shaft, and with or without link, expansion, or reversing gear.
In applying these improvements to a pump the cylinder or barrel is fitted with
valves, pistons, and piston rods similar to those herein-before described with reference
to a steam cylinder, and the piston rods are coupled to a crank shaft, also similarly
arranged, the pump being put in operation by applying power to rotate the crank
shaft at any required speed.

page_text: In the arrangement herein-before described a fixed cover is used at both ends of
the cylinder or barrel; but in lieu thereof three pistons with two admission or
injection ports, and two exhaust or eduction ports, are employed. In this case the
two outer pistons are connected together so that they always travel in the same
direction. The central piston having its rod passing through a stuffing box in the 5
piston nearest the crank always travels in a direction opposite to that of the other
two pistons.
MENTS IN MAKING MEDICATED SWEETMEATS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Lyons at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 10th October 1876.
MOSES LYONS, L.S.A., of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
MENTS IN MAKING MEDICATED SWEETMEATS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object to avoid the troublesome and uncertain way of
mixing medicines for administrators hitherto in use, and also to render the same
agreeable both to the taste and sight. For this purpose I proceed as follows:-I
mix with one pound of brown or white sugar one hundred and twenty-eight
minimum doses of any of the medicinal substances known as antiseptics, anti-
spasmodics, anthelmintics, aromatics, antacids, astringents, cathartics, demulcents,
dyaphoretics, emenagogues, expectorants, evacuants, narcotics, refrigerants, stimu-
lants, and tonics, I then add otto of roses or essential oils of almonds, cloves,
carraway, cassia, anise, cinnamon, citron, coriander, lavender, lemon, orange,
pimento, peppermint, geranium, thyme, alone or mixed, coffee in powder or strong
decoction to flavor it, and I then add cochineal, saffron, or any other harmless
coloring matter, and boil them in the ordinary manner until they are fit to be
moulded, drawn, or rolled into any form, shape, or size of sweetmeat that may be
desired, so that each sweetmeat contains a minimum dose of any of the before-
mentioned medicinal substances.
By this means I totally avoid the dangerous method of measuring doses of
medicines in wine glasses, table spoons, dessert spoons, and tea spoons, which not
only vary in size and so render the dose administered uncertain, but by doing
which the effect of the dose is frequently weakened from a portion thereof adhering
to the spoon, glass, or other vessel, at the same time that all unpleasantness of taste
is totally avoided.
My Invention is particularly applicable for administering medicaments to infants
and others and juveniles with ease and certainty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1876.
JOHN HARRINGTON, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight.
SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
The Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates. For this purpose
I connect the axis of each pair of wheels or rollers to a vertical perch bolt or axis
mounted with capability of rotating to a limited extent in the ends of a lever or
frame mounted at its centre on an axis of motion at the centre of the under side
of the foot board. This lever or frame is acted upon by springs to retain it in the
central or normal position, and to return it thereto except when otherwise acted
upon, and it is provided near each end thereof with a roller which bears on the
under side of the foot stand to give support thereto at those parts, and to facilitate
the motion thereof.
Each of the vertical perch bolts or axles passes through the lever or frame
and has fixed rigidly on the upper end thereof a short lever or arm projecting
forwards therefrom in a direction towards the front end of the skate, and each of
these short levers or arms is formed with a slot therein to enable them to be
operated by pins or studs fixed into the under side of the foot stand. A lever
working upon an axis of motion fixed to the foot stand and having horns
or projections therefrom acting upon each side of the lower lever or frame
acts to retain the latter in position when it is desired to return or skate back-
wards in the same curve as that in which the skater last went forward. Such
horned lever is not employed, however, to give motion to the lower lever or
frame around the axis of the latter, but only to lock it in whichever position
it may have assumed by the turning of the foot board around the axis of the
lower frame or lever. By these means when it is desired to skate in a curved
direction the skater can do so by simply turning his feet in the direction he
desires to take, thereby causing the foot board to assume a different direction to
that of the lower lever or frame, and consequently causing the studs or pins in
[Price 2d.]

page_text: the under side of the foot board to act upon the short levers or arms, and thereby
to give partial rotary motion to the vertical perch bolts or axles. Thus the
converging of the wheels is not caused by the canting or tilting of the foot stand
nor of the foot but by pointing the foot in the direction in which it is desired to
skate.
A NEW OR IMPROVED REVERSIBLE TABLECLOTH.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1876. A communication
from abroad by Alexis Martel, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN WILLIAM GRAY, C.E., of 16, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED REVERSIBLE TABLECLOTH.
This Invention relates to a new or improved reversible tablecloth.
According to my Invention I construct a tablecloth one side of which has a
waterproof facing. This is applied to resemble as nearly as possible the ordinary
white tablecloth used at meal times. It may be quite plain, or of damask, or other
pattern. This waterproof facing is applied to the back of ordinary cloth, tapestry,
or other fabric such as is ordinarily employed for fancy tablecloths. The effect of
this is to produce a reversible table cloth, one side of which is waterproof and there-
fore adapted for use at meals as it cannot be stained from anything accidentally
spilled on it, and can be washed as often as required, whilst the other side forms an
ordinary ornamental tablecloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR SEWING MACHINES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1876.
WILLIAM REID, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Shirt Manu-
facturer. 28
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR SEWING MACHINES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in shuttles for sewing machines,
has for its object to enable such shuttles to hold or contain a larger amount of
thread than is the case with such shuttles as previously constructed, and to render
such shuttles more durable.
The shuttles constituting the present Invention are constructed with the larger.
end moveable, so that such larger end constitutes the lid or cover of the shuttle,
whereby the side which in shuttles: previously constructed is cut out to receive the
lid is under the present Invention formed solid, which enables the interior of the
shuttle to be hollowed out to a larger diameter, and consequently to receive a larger
cop than hitherto. The moveable ends of the shuttles may either be pivoted to the
body of the shuttle, or they may be connected thereto by a hinged joint, or in place
of either of these arrangements the end inay be made to slide or screw in or out of
the shuttle. In either case the sliding or screwed end is hollowed out as much as
possible to pass over the cop.
With the foregoing arrangements of shuttles with moveable cuds, springs are
provided for the purpose of retaining the ends securely to the shuttles whilst they
are in operation.
In connection with the improved shuttles constituting the present Invention the.
tension or kink removing spring set forth in the Specification of the said William
Reid, filed in pursuance of Letters Patent, No. 166, A.D. 1875, is used.
IMPROVEMENT IN ABDOMINAL BELTS AND TRUNKS ATTACHED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliz. Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1870.
ELIZ CLARK, 40, Conduit St., W., London. " IMPROVEMENT IN ABDOMINAL
BELTS AND TRUNKS ATTACHED."
These belts being made to fit the figure from the waist downwards, and having
trunks attached by means of buttons or other fastenings, prevents them from
moving or shifting about, also giving much greater support to the figure than those
now in use, and gives greater freedom and ease in walking, stooping, sitting, or
moving about.
Lacing and cords are done away with and the belts are fastened at the sides
with hooks and eyelets, which can be drawn in or let out for ease as found
necessary or desirous.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND MANU- FACTURE OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PUR- POSES.
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Smale, of South Lambeth Road, in the County of
Surrey, Edward Crickmay, of Agar Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
and Walter Thomas Farthing, of Bloomsbury Court, Holborn, in the same
County, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND MANU-
FACTURE OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PUR-
POSES.
"
Sealed the 7th October 1876, and dated the 12th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Smale, Edward
Crickmay, and Walter Thomas Farthing at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 12th April 1876.
WILLIAM SMALE, of South Lambeth Road, in the County of Surrey, EDWARD
CRICKMAY, of Agar Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, and WALTER
THOMAS FARTHING, of Bloomsbury Court, Holborn, in the same County.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED
FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the treatment and combination of
certain substances, which when so treated and combined are capable of being used
for building and architectural purposes, and also for the formation of pavements or
floorings, which it is requisite should possess a perfectly uniform and level surface,
one modification of the manufacture being especially applicable to the construction
of skating rinks.
For building and architectural purposes clinkers, slags, cinders, culm, or coke are
employed, singly or as mixtures thereof, in combination with Portland cement or
other cement possessing similar or analogous properties, or with blue lias lime or a
mixture thereof with the cement.
The class of substance or substances to be used is in the first instance reduced to
a state of powder or fine division by means of edge rollers, disintegrators, or any
other machinery adapted for the purpose.
The substance or substances having
been thus pulverized or disintegrated is or are mixed with Portland cement or with
such other cement as before mentioned, or with blue lias lime, or with a com-
[Price 2d1

page_text: bination of cement and blue lias lime, a sufficient quantity of water being employed
for such mixture.
The operation of mixing is effected by means of any apparatus adapted for the
purpose, as will be well understood. The materials having been thus combined the
same are moulded into any desired form by means of suitable appliances.
For the formation of pavements or floors, which it is desired shall possess an
uniformly level surface, the compound is laid and levelled in the well-known
manner.
In the case of an ordinary pavement a small quantity of sand is added to the
ingredients, but in the construction of a rink or skating floor no sand is employed,
and pulverized coke alone compounded and mixed as before described is used.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO LAVATORIES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newall Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876.
WILLIAM NEWALL JOHNSON, of Timperly, in the County of Chester, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO LAVATORIES.'
"
My Invention consists in arrangements whereby I am enabled to make the
emptying of washing bowls self acting, or in combination therewith to make the
same self supplying with water, and both of these objects I accomplish by the use
of a treadle or moveable platform upon which the person intending to use or who
has used the said bowl must have stood.
Supposing the emptying only to be desired, the bowl is provided with the usual
tap or taps, and is furnished at its bottom with a discharge orifice, provided however
at its underside with a seat for the reception of a valve mounted upon a rod, which
at its lower end is connected to a lever carried by a treadle or moveable platform,
and borne downward so as to keep the said valve from its seat by a weight, in
which position no fluid can remain in the bowl, that which was there having run
through the orifice into the open top of a waste pipe.
When a person wishes to use the bowl he is compelled to stand on the treadle or
moveable platform and thereby forces the valve against its seat, after which water
may be supplied to the bowl.
In order to make the apparatus self supplying as well as emptying I still use the
same principle of the treadle or moveable platform, but employ two valves or a
double-acting valve to regulate the discharge and flow. Thus to the bottom of the
bowl I fix a short pipe communicating with two others, the one being for the
supply and the other for the discharge, and between the orifices of these two pipes
is a double-faced valve capable of moving to and fro, so that when it is in contact
with one the ingress of water is prevented to the bowl but is allowed to flow from
it, and vice versa. This valve is provided with a sliding rod which is connected by
ineans of a weighted lever to the aforesaid moveable platform or treadle, so that
when that apparatus is free it is moved by the weighted lever and closes (by means
of the said valve) the inlet passage, but when the bowl is about to be used the
person by standing on the treadle or moveable platform shifts the valve by the
above-mentioned means so as to open the inlet and close the outlet passages. The

page_text: valve above alluded to may be replaced by other constructions, or four-way cocks
may be employed.
It has been supposed in the above-mentioned description that the water is
supplied from any suitable source, but a special method I employ, and which may
be adapted to ordinary bowls, consists in adapting a reservoir, the height of the
water in which is regulated by a ball tap. This level being below the top of the
bowl regulates the quantity which can be used at one time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHARPENING SAWS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gustavus Rollins at the Office of
the Commisioners of Patents on the 17th January 1876. A communication
from abroad by William Landon Covel, of Providence, in the Sate of Rhode
Island, in the United States of America.
JOHN GUSTAVUS ROLLINS, of Old Swan Wharf, Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHARPENING SAWS." A communi-
cation to me from abroad by William Landón Covel, of Providence, in the State of
Rhode Island, in the United States of America.
The Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for sharpening saws.
For this purpose the saw is supported with capability of adjustment in mechanism
acted upon by suitable connections to carry the saw tooth by tooth up to or past
the sharpening wheel or cutter. The sharpening wheel or cutter is mounted upon
an axis which by means of a strap or band receives rotary motion from the main
or driving shaft. The sharpening wheel or cutter is preferably formed of emery,
or has an emery cutting edge applied thereto, and the axis of this wheel is mounted
at one end in a segmental piece to enable the wheel to be adjusted readily to the
different angles required for the saw teeth, the centre of the wheel being that from
which the segment is struck. On an axis receiving rotary motion by means of
gearing from the main shaft is fixed a crank, which is connected to a lever which
operates the saw to raise it up to the cutting wheel, and lower it down therefrom
as each tooth is being sharpened, and I fix on such secondary shaft a cam or
former shaped according to the shape of tooth I desire to act upon or sharpen.
This cam or former is adjustable on its axis, and acts upon a lever mounted upon
an axis, which by means of suitable levers and connections gives the necessary
motion to a lever to carry the saw in the direction desired, and at the same time
by means of a "dog" acting upon the saw teeth feeds the saw forward tooth by
tooth, so that as the saw rises to the emery wheel the front of the tooth is acted.
upon, and as it recedes it is racked by the feed dog so as to cause the emery wheel
to pass up the back of the next tooth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL STOP MOTIONS OR ALARMS FOR MA- CHINERY FOR CARDING, ROVING, SPINNING, WEAVING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gideon Gledhill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1876.
"
GIDEON GLEDHILL, of Lindley, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL STOP MOTIONS OR ALARMS FOR MA-
CHINERY FOR CARDING, ROVING, SPINNING, WEAVING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS
CONNECTED WITH THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES,"
This Invention relates to those classes of stop motions and alarms which depend
for their operation upon the passage of a current of electricity through certain parts of
the machine to which they are applied, the time of operation being governed generally
by the continuity or otherwise of the material under operation in the machine.
Hitherto the completion or interuption of the electric current has been brought
about by the presence or absence of material between rollers through which, when
in contact, the current passes, but this arrangement is objectionable, as when the
quantity of material is small electricity is apt to escape, owing to the near approxi-
mation of the conducting parts.
My Invention consists in the use of a light finger or float some inches in length
hinged at one end to a support connected with one of the poles of a battery, the
other end resting in a horizontal position upon the thread or sliver of fibre under
operation. Should the thread break the float falls and comes in contact with the
conductor from the other pole of the battery and completes the circuit and thereby
actuates the stop motion or the aların. The "float" inay be made wholly or partly
of a conducting material. By this apparatus the circuit may be completely interrupted
so that the accidental passage of electricity is impossible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING, RECORDING, AND PREVENTING (BY GIVING ALARM OR OTHERWISE) AN UNDESIRABLE RISE IN PRESSURE IN STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by Messieurs L. Cahen Lambert and Leullier, of
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, British and Foreign Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND
APPARATUS FOR INDICATING, RECORDING, AND PREVENTING (BY GIVING ALARM OR
OTHERWISE) AN UNDESIRABLE RISE IN PRESSURE IN STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER
STRUCTURES.' A communication from abroad by Messieurs L. Cahen Lambert
and Leullier, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The apparatus consists of a pump body or cylinder, in which moves a piston
divided into three segments. The pressure of the steam is exerted under the piston
in the following manner, the cylinder below the piston being in free communication
with the boiler or other structure containing pressure:-The piston is surmounted
by a rod or trunk which communicates its ascending movement to the pointers in
the dial or dials of the manometer, and to those of the tell-tale dial by the aid of
tappets or other mechanism.
One of the segments of the piston is hollow, and is furnished with an orifice
which when the piston arrives at its higest limit communicates with an escape
pipe which corresponds to or is connected with an alarm whistle placed above the
apparatus. The rod or trunk which surmounts the piston in its movement of
ascension, and also while at its highest point, puts into communication (by the aid
of two metallic conductors) the two poles of an electric pile or battery, which rings
an alarm bell in the inspector's room or other convenient place.
The mode of action of the apparatus is as follows:-The manometer indicates
first the number of atmospheres or of pounds pressure on the square inch at which
the steam or other vapour or gas to be regulated stands at. When the number of
atmospheres or the pressure which it is not safe to exceed is nearly reached tho
alarm whistle and the electric bell are brought into action, and the instant that tho
number of atmospheres (the pressure) allowed as a maximum has been exceeded,
the circumstance is indicated on the tell-tale dial, and in such manner that tho
inspector alone can obliterate it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES FOR WEIGHING SMALL COAL KNOWN BY THE NAME OF 'BILLY FAIR PLAY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Trafford Nadin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
HUMPHREY TRAFFORD NADIN, of Winshill, in the County of Derby, Colliery
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES FOR WEIGHING SMALL COAL KNOWN BY
THE NAME OF 'BILLY FAIR PLAY.''
This Invention of improvements in the machines for weighing small coal known
by the name of "Billy fair play" consists in the means by which the hopper re-
ceiving the small coal from the box or tub after passing the screen is suspended to
be weighed with the contained small coal, and in the means by which the small coal
is discharged.
It is found in practice there is great difficulty in discharging the dust or small
coal in the hopper after weighing from the power required to upset the hopper, or
from the complicated catches and machinery getting out of order, which are used
when the bottom is made to open and close.
I make the hopper under the screen with the form of one perpendicular face and
one inclined plane of sufficient inclination that the dust shall fall freely, both planes
being closed by two parallel and perpendicular ends; the hopper thus constructed is
suspended by two hanging rods or straps passing through guides fixed conveniently
to the framing; the hopper is suspended by the hangers to any of the usual balances
and adjusted to stand at zero of the scale of the balance; underneath the screen is
the inclined hopper to bring into the weighing hopper the small coal passing through
the screen which may be of the ordinary or any other convenient forin.
The means by which the small coal is discharged from the weighing hopper is as
follows, and is the chief feature of the Invention:-The perpendicular face of the
weighing hopper is removed at the lower side where it meets the inclined face for
about nine inches for its whole width; over the aperture thus made I construct a
rather larger hinged door or flap suspended by the hinges from its upper edge; the
flap thus closes by its own weight and makes the hopper again complete, but upon
any weight of coal being thrown in it would open and discharge it. To avoid this,
except at the moment it is required to be discharged, I project from the flap one
or more levers, connected or not by a cross bar, and these levers give me the means
877

page_text: of adjusting the resistance of the flap to retain the small coal by weight fixed on the
levers, should the lever and cross bar be insufficient.
To the lever or levers, or cross bar, is attached a chain or chains, and by multi-
plying levers the apparatus is placed within the control of the weigh clerk, so that
directly he has registered the weight a very slight exertion opens the flap and
discharges the small coal, the flap closing again by its own action for the next
charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George Caswell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1876. A communication
from abroad by Prisdang Choomsai, of Bangkok, in the Kingdom of Siam
JAMES GEORGE CASWELL, of Great Winchester Street Buildings, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES." (A communication from abroad by
Prisdang Choomsai, of Bangkok, in the Kingdom of Siam.)
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the making of roller skates,
and consists in the combination of the following new and special improvements
therein:-The foot stand of the skate is made to carry near its extremities and
depending from its under surface two vertical pins, each of which passes through
the vertical arm of a socket made also with three horizontal arms, two of which
carry or project and act as axles for a pair of wheels, and the other of which projects
inwardly of the skate, that is, towards the other pair of wheels and at right angles
to the axle arms. Through the medium of these inwardly projecting arms the
desired convergence of the axles is obtained when turning in skating. Above the
foot stand and independent of it in action there are placed toe and heel plates, from
which depend pins fixed at right angles thereto, and passing through transverse
slots made in the foot stand, and through eyes socketted in the last-mentioned
horizontal arms. These toe and heel plates are pivotted on screw pins of considerable
length inserted into the foot stand longitudinally, and passing through the transverse
slots of the foot stand.
The upper surface of the foot stand is bevilled sideways from its centre and highest
part, which allows of the toe and heel plates being laterally depressed by the foot,
which causes the pins depending from these plates, and which enter the eyes
socketted in the said horizontal arms to rotate the sockets about the vertical pins
depending from the bottom of the foot stand, and cause the axles to converge towards
the side receiving the lateral depression; thus, the foot stand is always parallel with
the roller axles in all positions of convergence of the latter, and is necessarily always
parallel with the floor; its arrangement, as above described, does not permit of it
receiving any lateral tilting or cauting.
Between the toe and heel plates and the bevilled upper faces of the foot stand
india-rubber pads are arranged to prevent too slight a pressure converging the axles.
Similar pads may also be arranged between the vertical arms of the sockets and the

page_text: under surface of the foot stand or the bosses of their depending pins to cause the
skates to ride easily.
The foot stand of the skate is divided transversely into two parts, and is fitted
with an elongated slotted plate secured to one part, and a female thumbscrew
working on a screw projecting from the other part, or the footstand being divided
transversely may be fitted with other simple means allowing of it being lengthened
to suit different lengths of boots or shoes
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Buckley and Albert
Hildebrandt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April
1876.
NATHANIEL BUCKLEY, of Carr Hill Mill, Mossley, in the Counties of York and
Chester, and ALBERT HILDEBRANDT, Civil Engineer, of 55, Cross Street, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
This Invention relates to various combinations and modifications of known
machines and appliances used in weaving and other processes so as to enable the
weaving into the cloth of trade marks or other figures and designs, in such a manner
as to interfere in the least degree with the ordinary rate of production, and to make
such a process of permanently and indelibly marking goods commercially practical
and possible.
For that purpose we employ any known machine or apparatus suitable to produce
figures or designs in cloth, such as a jacquard or treading motion to lift those warp
threads required for the design, but in the cords or lingos that lift the threads we
make provision to attach thein on the completion of the design with a bar, needle,
wire, or other means drawn through loops or eyes to the ordinary healds, and thus
enable the loom to proceed thence to complete the piece, or until repetition of the
design is required in the ordinary way with the healds, and throw the jacquard or
other appliance out of gear. The needles, wires, or other similar pieces we curve
in some cases in a peculiar manner so as to facilitate the alteration. In some cases
we also modify the jacquard or other apparatus used in such manner as to dispense
with cards or lags for which we substitute a cylinder or barrel prepared to produce
the design required. We further employ sometimes an automatic disengaging gear
to stop the apparatus used to produce the design after the same is complete. This
may or may not be in connection with a signalling arrangement indicating when
the design is complete.
IMPROVED BASKET OR RECEPTACLE FOR FLOWERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Margaret Mary Crawfurd Cameron at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1876.
MARGARET MARY CRAWFURD CAMERON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
IMPROVED BASKET OR RECEPTACLE FOR FLOWERS."
"AN
This Invention relates to the making or formation of an improved basket or
receptacle for flowers, and it comprises as a characteristic feature the application of
such a basket or receptacle of what may be termed the "miroptic principle."
The improved basket is made or formed preferably of a wide and flat shape
somewhat similar to that of a strawberry basket; and at or near its bottom and
facing upwards it is fitted with a mirror or reflecting glass of such a size as to leave
between it and the sides of the basket a space sufficient in width to allow of the
introduction of a narrow metallic, glass, or other trough of a circular, oval, or other
shape, conforming to that of the basket, and which trough is used to contain water
intended for the nourishment and preservation of the flowers which may be placed
therein.
The improved basket is also constructed with a handle, which in profile resembles
the side view of a series of steps or stairs, and each of such steps or stairs (and at
its front) is arranged or set with a series of glass, metallic, or other tubes or cells,
or with small troughs which are also used to contain water intended for the
nourishment and preservation of the flowers placed therein.
The improved basket may be woven of wickerwork, or may be otherwise con-
structed or formed of terra cotta, or any other suitable material, with suitable
recesses, rings, or other provision left or made therein for the reception of the
said mirror or reflecting glass, and of the said tubes, cells, or troughs, which
may subsequently be placed therein made to be removable at pleasure for
cleansing and other purposes. As thus constructed and with cut flowers artistically
arranged in the said tubes, cells, or troughs, the improved flower basket has a
very novel and pleasing appearance, and this effect is greatly enhanced as the
floral decorations will appear reflected in the mirror or glass under them. The said
mirror or reflecting glass may be made of the section of a plane or of any suitable

page_text: combination of planes, or it may be made convex or concave, the only difference
will then be in the effect or appearance produced.
The handle also need not necessarily be made of the shape above described, but
may be of other forms, suitable to allow of the specified arrangement of the tubes,
cells, or troughs for the water, and to produce the appearance of a wreath or other
decoration or device.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tidcombe and Clement Heaton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1876.
GEORGE TIDCOMBE, the younger, of Watford, in the County. of Herts, Paper
Makers' Engineer, and CLEMENT HEATON, of Garrick Street, Covent Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, Glass Stainer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
In paper making machinery as generally adopted the material is "strained" or
"knotted" by the use of metal plates with transverse slits in or between them for
the filtration of the material, but it is found that these openings soon get clogged,
and the acid and other destructive matters employed in the manufacture of the
paper, and to facilitate the cleansing of these plates tends to their mpid wear or
decomposition by which the plates soon become injured, and the slits or passages in
or between them become of an irregular form, producing bad work.
The object of one part of our Invention is to remedy these evils by the use of
glass for the purpose. In carrying out this part of the Invention we form the glass
into slips of the width determined upon between the respective slits and of suitable
depth, and the sides or parts thereof or one of each of them may be inclined or
bevelled, so that the passage formed between any two of them may be bell-mouthed
or wider at the bottom than at the top, and we regulate the distance apart of these
slits by pieces of metal, glass, or other material at their ends.
To prevent vibration of the respective slips we sometimes employ intermediate
parting slips connected in series by soldering or otherwise. The ends of these slips
are clipped and bolted together aided by vulcanite or prepared india-rubber, or
gutta percha, or other suitable material..
The slits or spaces may be otherwise formed.
We sometimes use the material known as bismuth or other soft solder as a means
of filling up between parts of the glass and of the frame or dividing means so used
when required
In place of glass Wedgewood and such like clay earths may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING HAY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION .left by Daniel Woollatt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876.
DANIEL WOOLLATT, of Burton-on-Trent, in the County of Stafford, Coal
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING HAY."
This Invention has for its object to render unsound hay into hay, having its
natural color, smell, and taste, and which horses and other animals will eat
readily.
For this purpose the hay is deposited into a chamber of wood or other material
open at the top, and with a perforated botton. Below the perforated bottom is a
steam-tight chamber into which steam is admitted from a steam boiler. The steam
rises through the perforated bottom and permeates through the entire mass of hay,
and restores the damaged hay to good hay.
In placing the hay into the steaming chamber it may be shaken up and thrown
in, or if it is kept in trusses the trusses are placed endwise on to the perforated
bottom, that is not in the way in which they lie in the stack but at right angles
thereto. The steam may either be applied by perforations in the floor of the
chamber, or by jets, or by both. During the greater part of the steaming process
the top of the chamber is covered (or it might be uncovered), but towards the end
of the process it must be left uncovered.
The time required for acting upon the hay varies from about 3 to 5 hours,
according to the pressure of steam used and other circumstances.
After the hay has been treated as above described it presents the consolidated
appearance of a stack, and can be cut into trusses or carried away in any desired
manner.
By treating unsound hay as above described I am able to convert what would
be called little better than dung into good, sound, sweet hay, which horses will eat
as readily as they eat corn.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WINDING BRAID, RIBBON, LACE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Büsche at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1876. (A communication
from abroad by Claude François Boutherin, of Paris, France.)
AUGUST BUSCHE, of Schwelm, in the Kingdom of Prussia, but at present of 14,
Monkwell Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WINDING
BRAID, RIBBON, LACE, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES." (A communication from
abroad by Claude François Boutherin, of Paris, France.)
The
An ordinary lapping machine winds horizontally and in parallel lines.
disadvantage of this system is that it is difficult to unroll the material without its
becoming twisted and entangled. These drawbacks are obviated by winding the
material in a helical manner, that is to say, the material does not pass over the
ends of the roll or winder until it has crossed in the centre of the hank by taking a
half turn; and to effect this helical kind of winding is the object of my Invention.
This I propose to effect as follows:-I construct a lapping machine, the winder of
which instead of revolving as in an ordinary lapping machine makes only a half
turn, which I effect by any mechanical reciprocating motion. Working in connec-
tion and in combination with the aforesaid reciprocating motion is a feeding guide
for the material to be wound, which works in such a manner that it will cause
the material that is being wound to take a half turn between the two arms of the
winder, thus making the hauk of braid or other material to come from the winder
in the form of the figure 8 with a half twist in the centre. The hank so formed is
then placed in a box of pasteboard or other suitable material of the size of the hank
and enclosed on all sides. At one end of the box there is a small aperture through
which the inside end of the bank protrudes for the purpose of drawing out the braid
or other material contained therein.
Braids wound as described can be entirely withdrawn from the box without
possibility of entanglement.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING, ROASTING, AND CALCINING ORES, ALKALIES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Timmins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
EBENEZER TIMMINS, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING, ROASTING, AND CALCINING
ORES, ALKALIES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to furnaces or apparatus for heating, roasting, and calcining
ores, alkalies, and other substances, such as sulphates of soda and potassa when
such furnaces are constructed with a rotating pan and appliances, and are heated
by the admission of gases or products of combustion from producers, furnaces, or by
like means, and consists,-
First. In forming the hearth or bed of the furnace of a revolving or rotating
annular pan, and in employing mixers or agitators either stationary or capable of
being raised and lowered from time to time. The said mixers or agitators serve to
turn, mix, or agitate the ores, alkalies, or other substances contained in or resting
on the annular revolving or rotating pan, hearth, or bed.
Second. In the revolving or rotating annular pan, hearth, or bed provided with
mixers or agitators I form an aperture or opening, and provide such aperture or
opening with a door to admit of the removal of the material, substance, or product
from the said furnace after treatment.
Third. In combination with the revolving or rotating annular pan, hearth, or bed
provided with an aperture or opening I employ intercepting, collecting, or deflecting
picces capable of being placed and secured in position for the purpose of causing
the material, substance, or product to pass through the above mentioned aperture or
opening when desired.
Fourth. In combination with the annular pan, bed, or hearth provided with an
aperture or opening and interceptors or like appliances I employ an annular trough
to receive the material, substance, or product passing through the said aperture or
opening, a scraper for raking the material, substance, or product from the said
annular trough into or on to a wagon or like receptacle is likewise employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woolfe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1876.
HENRY WOOLFE, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, Factor. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHING MACHINES."
According to this Invention an axle having a number of blades attached to its sides
and carrying a circular plate at the lower end thereof is placed in the interior of a tub
or receptacle of any desired size and shape so as to be capable of partially revolving
therein, the whole being mounted in suitable framing. The circular plate herein-
before mentioned is placed above the bottom of the tub or receptacle, and has a
numbor of holes or apertures formed therein to allow of any grit or heavy dirt to
pass through the same so as to prevent it coming into contact with the clothes or
other articles when the machine is in action. The blades on the central axis have
also holes or apertures formed therein for the purpose of causing a greater agitation
in the water.
When it is desired to use the machine the clothes or other articles are placed in
the tub or receptacle with a sufficient quantity of water and other ingredients, and
a half rotary reciprocating motion given to the central axis by means of a suitable
handle; thus causing the water contained in the tub or receptacle to be violently
agitated.
Instead of attaching the perforated blades and bottom plate to an axle, as herein-
before described, the latter may be dispensed with, and the former attached to the
tub or receptacle itself, which in this case is mounted upon a pivot and provided
with a suitable handle whereby it may be partially rotated. The tub is provided
at the side opposite to that, on which is placed the handle with a stop or spring to
prevent it from making more than half a revolution when in action.
It will be understood that a tap or plug is placed in the bottom of the tub or
receptacle for the purpose of emptying the same, and also that if desired a pair of
rollers and suitable gearing for wringing and mangling may be placed above the
machine.