CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE OR IMPROVE THE OPERATION OF SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND THROW- ING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, OR FLAX, OR MIXTURES OF THE SAID SUBSTANCES
Year: 1823

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
TAYLOR, of Manchester, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Machine Maker
(being one of the people called Quakers), send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of April, 1823, in the fourth
year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Taylor, my exors,
admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joseph Taylor, my exors, admors, and assigns,
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO FACILITATE OR IMPROVE THE OPERATION OF SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND THROW-
ING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, OR FLAX, OR MIXTURES OF THE SAID SUBSTANCES;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said
Joseph Taylor, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and
by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at largo.
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Taylor, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):-
My Improved Machinery or Apparatus to Facilitate or Improve the Opera-
tion of Spinning, Doubling, and Throwing Silk, Cotton, Wool, or Flax, or Mix-
tures of the said Substances, is the same machinery commonly used by cotton,
flax, and worsted spinners for doubling and twisting two or more thread together
to make sewing thread or worsted, or other similar articles, but improved in
those parts by which the two or more threads are measured out or delivered to
the spindles to be twisted together into one thread. And whereas the twisting
machines now in use are provided with top and bottom rollers, which are
placed one above the other to receive the thread between them, and the top
roller is pressed towards the bottom roller by weight or springs, so as to pinch
and gripe the threads fast between them, in order that the rollers may by their
motion measure or deliver out to the spindle a regular and uniform length of
the threads, and that precisely equal lengths of each of the several threads
which are to be twisted together may be given out to the spindle, in order
to be twisted together by the revolving motion of the flyer thereof, so as to
form a single thread, which is collected upon the bobbin. The perfection of
such doubling and twisting machinery depends very much upon the precision
with which the rollers will deliver out all the threads in equal lengths; for if
one thread is given out faster than another, the compound thread, which is
formed by twisting such an equal lengths together, will be uneven and defec-
tive. And this defect frequently occurs in the present twisting machines when
the different threads which are to be twisted together are not all of the same
size, for in that case the larger threads receive all or the most part of the gripe
or pinch of the rollers, and seperate the top and bottom rollers to such a
distance from each other that the smaller threads are not held at all, or not
sufficiently to be given out equally with the larger threads; and to remedy
this defect it is a common practice to cause the threads to pass under the
bottom roller, and over the top one, or else to pass round the top roller in
addition to passing between the gripe of the two rollers, by which means the
threads applying to these surfaces of the said rollers are more likely to partake
equally of the motion thereof; but even with this precaution, the defect exists
more or less in all the twisting machines now in use, and is most particularly
experienced in twisting silk threads together, because the threads of silk are
not very regular in their thickness. For this reason the doubling and

page_text: twisting machines, such as are used in the cotton spinning business, have
never been brought into extensive use for twisting silk; but the silk manu-
facturers continue to wind or double the several threads of silk together by
one operation, and then twist them together into single threads by a second
operation.
Now my Invention consists in forming the top rollers of doubling and
twisting machines in such manner that the threads will not be pinched or
griped at all between the top and bottom rollers, but will pass round the top
roller so as to apply to the surface thereof, and partake of its motion, in order
to be regularly delivered out to the spindle; but the threads will not apply at
all to the lower roller, which therefore only serves to give motion to the top
rollers. To effect this I make the top roller rather smaller in diameter at the
middle part, where the threads pass round it, than at the two ends, which
apply to the bottom roller, and rest thereupon with so much weight and
pressure as to cause the top roller to turn round by its contact with the bottom
one, or otherwise the bottom roller may be reduced in diameter opposite to
that part of the top roller where the threads pass round it; otherwise both top
and bottom rollers may be made smaller in diameter at the part where the
threads apply to the top one, and larger at the ends or parts on each side of
that where the threads are. Either of these three methods may be used to
occasion a seperation of the two rollers at the part where the threads pass
between them, in order that the threads may not be pinched or griped between
them; but the ends of the roller, where the threads never come, must touch
and bear with sufficient contact to communicate motion to the top roller.
The manner of applying my Invention is more fully set forth by the
Drawing hereunto annexed, which represents a part of a twisting machine,
namely, one spindle thereof, with its appurtenances, shewn in two different
directions. A, A, represents the bobbins containing the different threads
which are to be twisted together. They are stuck on skewers, and mounted in
the creel or frame at the upper part of the machine, and the threads a, a, are
conducted down therefrom through the wire eyes b, b, and beneath the wire
crook cover the top roller B, then round beneath the same, and back to the
second bend d of the wire crook, round which they pass and return over the
top roller B, whence they descend and pass over the guide pulley e to the flier
D of the spindle C, and after being twisted into one thread by the motion
thereof, the compound thread is gathered up by the bobbin f, which is fitted
loosely on the spindle. The bottom roller E turns round with a regular
motion, and the two enlarged parts 1, 1, of the top roller B rests upon the
bottom roller, and being pressed thereupon by all the weight of the top roller,

page_text: it is put in motion; but as the part 2 of the top roller to which the threads
apply is made smaller than the parts 1,1, the threads are not pinched between
the two rollers. This circumstance constitutes the distinctive character of my
Invention, which may be applied in combination with any other twisting
machinery now in use for cotton and silk, and will ensure the several threads !
being delivered out in equal quantities to the spindles. The top roller may be
made of wood or of cast iron, and the part 2 of the top roller where the
threads act may be covered with leather or any other fit substance. The top
roller may be made heavy enough in itself to press upon the bottom one, or it
may be pressed thereon by weights or springs applied in any of the various I
ways which are in use for such purposes..
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Taylor, have hereunto set¯my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and
t
JOSEPH (L.s.) TAYLOR.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1823, the aforesaid Joseph Taylor came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form.
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according?
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-three.
JOSEPH (L.s.) TAYLOR.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1823, the aforesaid Joseph Taylor came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-three.
COADA