IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1858

page_text: Sealed the 24th June 1859, and dated the 31st December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1858.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR
OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," a communication from abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of an improved last or stand, upon which
bottoms of boots or shoes are united to the fronts or uppers, which stand
is made with a series of holes in it, corresponding with holes to be pierced in

page_text: the parts to be united, and is more especially intended to be used in the
manufacture of pegged or rivetted boots, or boots united by cement. When
the bottoms are pierced, the piercers pass through the material and into the
said holes, and when withdrawn, a metal sole, which is placed upon the last
and forms part of it, is slightly drawn towards one end of the last, so as to
cover the holes, and thereby prevent the pegs or other fastenings from entering
the holes of the last, whilst it also serves to rivet or enlarge the fastenings
flush or level with the inner sole; I employ in some cases two metal soles,
both perforated, and I impart motion to both, but generally to the one next
the last, which can be performed by means of a lever passing through the
shank of the last, which shank is hollow for that purpose. The last I make
with the shank, and also a slide or base in one casting, which insures great
strength.
Secondly, in countersinking the holes in which the fastenings are inserted
for uniting the soles and heels to each other, and such parts to the uppers or
fronts, and which may be performed by placing the sole upon properly shaped
surfaces with suitable projecting points, the part being pressed upon it, which
in some cases is done previous to the final piercing, and in other cases at the
same time by suitable instruments. This process has the effect of giving room
to the head or end of the fastening, if an elastic one, to expand, and in the
case of a metal fastening the head or end is sunk in the material.
Thirdly, of a novel and improved method of uniting the soles and heels to
the other parts, and of a machine and parts of machines connected therewith
employed for that purpose, and which are as follows:-The last or stand
already referred to is placed upon the table or traveller of an hydrostatic press,
placing an inner sole previously prepared upon it. An upper is now placed
and arranged upon the stand drawing the edges of the inner sole. The upper
having been previously shaped, blocked, and otherwise prepared, I place the
outer sole over all, with a portion of the heel annexed to it, and I then
press the stand or last with the shoe upon it against a perforated plate or
die of the shape and size of the shoe, and retain it in that position;
over this perforated plate is another plate or frame containing a series of
piercers, which take into the holes of the perforated plate, centres or guide pins
being employed in all the parts to make them correspond. Each piercer is
then forced into the boot or shoe sole by means of a hammer, which is guided
in its travel indirectly by means of a cam, which acts upon a lever connected
to a traveller slide which carries the hammer upon it, and at the same time
imparts motion to a perforated frame carrying the fastenings, such fastenings

page_text: being made or dropped into it as the traveller moves; the revolution of this part
of the machine being completed, the piercer carrier is forced from the shoe by
means of a lever or other convenient means, and removed. The metal sole on
the last being removed so as to close the holes, the frame with the fastenings
is drawn over or placed upon the perforated frame, and over this again a frame
containing a corresponding number of small hammers or drivers. The cam
actuating the travelling hammer is now put into motion and the striking
operation repeated, which has the effect of driving each fastening its proper
distance through and into the bottom of the boot or shoe. The shoe is now
removed by letting down the follower or table, and removing it from its stand.
Fourthly, of a self-acting machine, and combination of machines and parts em-
ployed in connection therewith, as follows:-Instead of placing one stand upon a
moveable table, as previously described, I place several in pairs or singly upon
a revolving circular frame wheel or moveable slide, and which by a motion
imparted to the said wheel brings the stands or lasts alternately over the table
of a hydrostatic press, part of which is made to pass through one of a series of
apertures in the wheel, and force the stands with the shoes upon them
together with a perforated plate, with which each stand is provided, up against
a stop or against the head of the press. Above this first wheel or carrier there
are three other carriers, all in connection, which carry a series of fastening
holders, a series of piercer frames, and a series of driving frames, all of which
are made to act in concert. When the shoe ascends, the driver frame is drawn
to one side, and the fluid being allowed to escape, the table descends, the
piercer frame is released and placed over the shoe, after which, a cain which
I call the design cam, is put in motion, and a hammer, which is fixed upon a
traveller and acted upon through levers for imparting the design or size, is
made to strike each of the piercers in succession until the whole number are
inserted. While this operation has been going on, a corresponding fastening
frame has been brought upon the traveller or in connection with the cams,
and into which frame fastenings have been dropped or inserted from an
apparatus placed in a fixed position above it, and which is worked immediately
in connection with the main machine. The hammer having been stopped by
throwing the design cam out of gear, is lifted out of the way. The press is
now again caused to ascend, and by means of two side plates or slides is made
to force up and out the piercer frame, which is left in its original place on its
carrier. The driver frame, is now made to descend; the fastening holder
having been previously drawn over the shoe or pair of shoes, and the hammer-
ing operation repeated, when all the fastenings will be put into the boot.

page_text: Provision is made to regulate the length of these fastenings, whether they be
composed of metal, wood, or fibrous material, and the plate on the last
previously referred to, prevents their entering the holes in the last. The
piercer frame and also the driver frame are drawn to one side when necessary;
by means of levers worked by means of cams, and which may be actuated by
the traveller in its upward motion. The shoe being completed, the carriers
are moved forward, and the operation repeated, but the sizes and designs of
the boots or shoes are varied according to the will of the operator. One way
of effecting this is as follows:-A cam is placed in connection with the levers
and travellers, which regulates the length of the travel and its design by
lengthening or shortening the levers. These levers are attached to slides, and
are moveable and convey motion to the traveller and other parts. This cam
I term the "regulator ;" it is placed upon the bed plate of the machine, upon
which is also placed the framing for carrying the design cam, and the several
slides, shafts, and other parts connected therewith.
Fifthly, in adapting to boot and shoe pegging machines differential motions
obtained by means of cams, inclines; screws, or ratchets and levers.
Sixthly, in regulating the length of each fastening used in uniting the soles
and heels with the uppers of boots and shoes by means of a cam, on the surface
of which the end of a lever rests, and which lever feeds the material into dies
or shapers, in which it is shaped and forced by means of an inserter into the
fastening carrier; the surface of such cam retaining the lever at any desired
elevation, thereby regulating its stroke or feed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Iler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John

page_text: Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR
OTHER COVERINGS POR THE FEET, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument
in writing under hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:→
The said Invention consists, firstly, of an improved last or stand
upon which
the bottom of boots or shoes are united to the fronts or uppers. This stand
is made with a series of holes in it, corresponding with the holes to be pierced
in the parts to be united, and are more especially intended to be used in the
manufacture of pegged or rivetted boots, or boots united by cement. When
the bottoms are pierced, the piercers pass through the material, and into the
said holes, and when withdrawn a metal sole, which is placed upon the last
and forms part of it, is slightly drawn towards one end of the last so as to
cover the holes, and thereby prevent the pegs or other fastenings from entering
the holes of the last, whilst it also serves to rivet or enlarge the fastenings
flush or level with the inner sole. I employ in some cases two metal soles,
both perforated, and I impart motion to both, but generally to the one next
the last, which can be performed by means of a lever passing through the
shank of the metal last, which shank is hollow for that purpose; I make the
last with its shank, and also a slide or base in one casting, which ensures great
strength.
Secondly, in countersinking the holes in which the fastenings are inserted
for uniting the soles and heels to each other, and to the uppers or fronts, and

page_text: .
which may be performed by placing the sole upon properly shaped surfaces
with suitable projecting points, one part being pressed upon it, which in some
cases is done previous to the final piercing, and in other cases at the same
time by suitable instruments. This process has the effect of giving room to
the head or end of the fastening, if an elastic one to expand, and in the case of
a metal fastening the head or end is wholly or partially sunk in the material. :
Thirdly, of a novel and improved method of uniting the soles and heels to
the other parts, and of a machine and parts of machines connected therewith
employed for that purpose, and which are as follows:-The last or stand
already referred to is placed upon the table or traveller of an hydrostatic press,
placing an inner sole previously prepared upon it; an upper is now placed
and arranged upon the stand, drawing the edges over the inner sole, the upper
having been previously shaped, blocked, and otherwise prepared; I place the
outer sole over all with a portion of the heel annexed to it, and I then press
the stand or last with the shoe upon it against a perforated plate or die of the
shape and size of the shoe, and retain it in that position; over this perforated
plate is another plate or frame containing a series of piercers, which take into
the holes of the perforated plate. Centres or guide pins are employed in all
the parts to make them correspond. Each piercer is now forced into the
boot or shoe sole by means of a hammer, which is guided in its travel indirectly
by means of a cam, which acts upon a lever connected to a traveller slide,
which carries the hammer upon it, and at the same time imparts motion to a
perforated frame carrying the fastenings, such fastenings being made or dropped
into it as the traveller moves; the revolution of this part of the machine. being
completed, the piercer carrier is forced from the shoe by means of a lever or
other convenient means, and removed. The metal sole on the last being
moved so as to close the holes, the frame with the fastenings is drawn over or
placed upon the perforated frame, and over this again a frame containing a
corresponding number of small hammers or drivers. The cam actuating the
travelling hammer is now put into motion and the striking operation repeated,
which has the effect of driving each fastening separately and in succession its
proper distance through and into the bottom of the boot or shoe. The shoe
is now removed by letting down the follower or table, and removing it from
its stand.
Or another arrangement of self-acting machine and combination of machines
and parts employed in connection therewith, may be used for the purpose
above referred to; thus, instead of placing one stand upon a movable table, as
previously described, I place several pairs or singly upon a revolving circular

page_text: frame wheel or movable slide, and which, by a motion imparted to the said
wheel, brings the stands or lasts alternately over the table of a hydrostatic
press, part of which is made to pass through one of a series of apertures in the
wheel, and force the stands with the shoes upon them together with a perforated
plate, with which each stand is provided, up against a stop or against the
head of the press. Above this first wheel or carrier there are three other
carriers all in connection, which carry a series of fastening holders, a series of
piercer frames and a series of driver frames, all of which are made to act in
concert. When the shoe ascends the driver frame is drawn to one side, and
the fluid, when plastic material is used, being allowed to escape, the table
descends; the piercer frame is released and placed over the shoe, after which
a cam, which I call the design cam, is put in motion, and a hammer which is
fixed upon a traveller, and acted upon through levers for imparting the design
or size, is made to strike each of the piercers in succession until the whole
number are inserted. While this operation has been going on, a corresponding
fastening frame has been brought upon the traveller, or in connection with the
cams, and into which frame fastenings have been dropped or inserted from an
apparatus, placed in a fixed position above it, and which is worked imme-
diately in connection with the main machine. The hammer having been stopped
by throwing the design cam out of gear, is lifted out of the way;
the press is
now again caused to ascend, and by means of two side plates or slides is made
to force up and out the piercer frame, which is left in its original, place on its
carrier; the driver frame is now made to descend, the fastening holder having
been previously drawn over the shoe or pair of shoes and the hammering
operation repeated, when all the fastenings will be put into the boot. Provision
is made to regulate the length of these fastenings, whether they be composed of
metal, wood, or fibrous material, and the plate on the last previously referred
to prevents their entering the holes in the last. The piercer frame and also
the driver frame are drawn to one side, when necessary, by means of levers
worked by means of cams, and which may be actuated by the traveller in its
upward motion. The shoe being completed, the carriers are moved forward,
and the operation repeated, but the sizes and designs of the boots or shoes are
varied according to the will of the operator.
One way of effecting this is as follows:-A cam is placed in connection with
the levers and travellers, which cam regulates the length of the travel and its
design by lengthening or shortening the levers. These levers are attached to
slides and are movable, and convey motion to the traveller and other parts.
This cam I term the regulator; it is placed upon the bed plate of the machine,

page_text: upon which is also placed the framing for carrying the design cam and the
several slides, shafts, and other parts connected therewith.
Fourthly, in regulating the length of each fastening used in uniting the
soles and heels with the uppers of boots and shoes by means of a cam on the
surface of which the end of a lever rests, and which lever feeds the material
into dies or shapers, in which it is shaped and forced by means of an inserter
into the fastening carrier, the surface of such cam retaining the lever at any
defined elevation, thereby regulating its stroke or fall.
And. in order that my said Invention may be clearly understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the Drawings represents a longitudinal section ;
Figure 2, a transverse section; Figure 3, a plan of the improved perforated
last or rivetting stand. A, at Figure 1, represents this last; B, a lever working
on a fulcrum C, and connected to the plate D by a joint, as shewn. The parts
E, E, which are fixed to or formed upon the last, forms a guide for the perforated
plate D, when required to be moved by means of the lever B. The section,
Figure 2, is a modification of the perforated last, two soles or plates being
employed, and both perforated; in this modification the outer surface sole is fixed
to the last by pins 1 and 2 at the parts E, E. By the use of this additional plate
the inner one can be moved with greater ease. This modification is more
especially adapted to be used for rivetting elastic fastenings, as it will allow
the fastening to project to the extent of the thickness of the outer plate, and
thereby allow a sufficient length of the rivet to project for the purpose of
being rivetted or enlarged by heat or pressure upon a suitable stand. The
last shown at Figure 1 is more especially adapted to rivetting flush the
fastening as they are inserted into the boot or shoe sole, and which renders
any further rivetting or pressing process necessary. The portion A of the last
and base or stand H are cast or form into one mass or part, by which great
strength is obtained.
In carrying out the second portion or head of my Invention, the sole is
placed upon a properly shaped surface or block A (Figure 4) Sheet 1 one of
the Drawings, fitted with suitable guide pins B, holes having been previously
made in the sole to suit them. The object of these guide pins and the
corresponding holes in the sole is to enable the operator to at once place the
sole in the exact position required. A corresponding pressing block C is fitted

page_text: up to work vertically on guides D; the top block is fitted upon its under
pressing surface with a series of piercers E, which may be of any required
form, but I prefer to employ either of the modifications shewn at Figures 8, 9,
and 10, all of which have shoulders or enlarged parts upon them for the
purpose of effecting the countersinking or differential piercing, and which
forms the essential feature of this head of the Invention, and although special
forms of instruments are shewn, the portion forming the countersink may be
formed at any curve, angle, or with one or more shoulders.
It will appear évident that when the piercing block is pressed down upon
the sole, the enlarged portions a, a, a, of the piercers will countersink the
holes which the actual piercing portion or points make in the sole, and as it is
preferable to pierce the sole entirely through, suitable holes, are made in the
lower block to allow the piercers to enter; the upper block is fitted with a
spring ejector H to clear the sole from the upper block after the piercing
pressure has been given. This ejector is a metallic plate drilled to fit on or
over the shoulders of the piercers, and it is suitably attached at each end to
the upper block by the screws 1 and 2, a cushion of caoutchouc being fitted
up within the block and behind the ejector, which is indicated by the dotted,
lines on the block, for securing the necessary working elasticity. Helical or
other springs I are placed over the pins D,.for the purpose of relieving the upper
block when the holes have been formed. The sole J is now in the condition
of being pierced with attaching holes countersunk or recessed on the outer.
side. The pierced sole is now removed and placed upon another pierced.
block, and its holes are then fitted up with metal or other connecting pins or
fastenings; the shouldered portions of these pins are of the form of the holes
pierced in the soles, that is to say, have heads or shoulders upon them corre-
sponding with the countersunk holes in the leather and furnished with riveting
points. The sole so supplied with pins is now placed upon an iron last, Figure 5,
whereon the "uppers" of the boot or shoe.is represented as having been already.
lasted and secured over the inner sole by a string or cord, as is well under-
stood; the connecting or attaching pins are then hammered or pressed upon
the last by any convenient process, until the fastenings become perfectly.
clinched or rivetted, as shown at 1, Figure 6, which represent a portion of a
shoe in section. The same general system of countersinking may be adopted,
for uniting the several parts to each other when plastic, flexible, or any other
suitable material is used. When such means are employed, 'the inner soles as
well as the outer ones are countersunk but on or from the side next the.
foot. B. Figure 7 will represent a block upon which an inner sole is placed.

page_text: as if about, to undergo the operation of countersinking; when this is effected
it is removed and placed upon the last A, shown at Figure 5, and the upper
secured upon it in the manner herein before described. The block C, Figure 4,
is then removed from off the pins D, and placed upon the corresponding pins
D' at Figure 5, the outer sole J being still retained.upon the shouldered
piercers in consequence of the ejector H being held close to the surface of
the block C by means of the pins O, which are passed into the connecting
bolts P, and which are attached to the ejector, the retaining pins.O having
been passed into the connecting bolts P, while the piercing block C was
under pressure, and the outer sole undergoing the process of piercing. The
block C is forced or pressed upon the last, Figure 5, and the uppers pierced,
which completes the piercing; the pins O are then withdrawn, the result of
which will be that the ejector is free to act, and which will have the effect of
leaving the sole upon the shoe. This done, the block C is removed to the
block A, and plastic or flexible fastenings inserted in the holes which have
been formed as described; after which, fastenings to correspond with the said
holes are inserted and rivetted by pressure or hammering upon the last. If
the fastenings are of plastic material or such as are easily acted upon by heat,
the shoe is removed and placed upon a heated last or stand until the internal
end of the fastening is shaped, as shewn at 4 and 6 or 7 and 8 at Figure 6,
according to the particular form of countersinking adopted. In some instances
I do not perforate the inner sole until after the operation of countersinking,
and which perforating may be effected by means of the piercing block C,
Figure 4, when placed upon the pin D', Figure 5, as already described; and
when.metal fastenings are employed with rivetting or penetrating points, the
inner sole need not of necessity be previously perforated, nor is it necessary to
perforate entirely either of them finally, as either of the instruments shown at X,
Figure 4 and Figure 7, can be employed to carry out this modified form of the
Invention in connection with penetrating fastening with shouldered heads, which
can be employed to effect the penetration; and in reference to the inner sole,
the piercing block C or a penetrating fastening can be made to effect the
perforating.
I do not limit or confine myself to the particular mode or means. herein
described for carrying out this part of the Invention, as the same.may be varied
without deviating from the principle or essential feature of the Invention, which
I consider to consist of countersinking the holes in the sole or bottoms of boots
and shoes by forming the holes differentially as described, and for attaching the
bottoms to the uppers of boots by filling up such holes by fastenings of metal

page_text: or other material, formed or shaped so as to fit into or fill up the countersunk
or differential holes described.
Figures 11 and 12 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings represent
respectively front and side elevations of a machine for pegging, being a com-
bination of that described under the third and fourth heads of the Invention;
and Figure 13 is a part plan, with a portion removed to clear the view of the
same machine; Figures 14, 15, 16, 16ª, 17, 18, 19, and 20 are details con-
nected therewith. A, Figure 11, is a compound circular carrier for holding
and carrying the last B, any desired number being placed thereon; it has
openings in it for the purpose of admitting the presser C through it, and
forcing the last with the shoe upon it against the top of the press, which is
shouldered at D, as shown, to prevent it passing through; E is another.com
pound 'slide carrier, shown more clearly in the partial plan, Figure 13; it has
also openings in it, over which openings are placed the piercer slide F, the
fastening holder shown at Figures 16 and 16, and the driving slide shown at
Figures 17 and 18; G is a travelling bracket carrying the driver H and
lever. I, which is connected to the slotted connecting rod J by the rod K. and
link K', the peculiar formation of which parts J and K admit of the bracket
G being moved as herein-after described. The piercers and drivers are formed
with shouldered heads upon them of one .uniform length at the top, but the
piercing parts and portions in the carriers F are made of irregular lengths to
suit the curve of the shoe, as shown at Figure 18; L is a cam for imparting
motion to the travelling bracket G in the direction of the length of the shoe,
the designed groove shown in the face of the same cam, shown clearly at M.
Figure 12 imparts motion to the traveller in the direction of the breadth of
the shoe, the lever N and N¹ being connected to the traveller G through the
slides O and O by the pins 1 and 2, as shown; rollers 3 and 4 taking into
grooves of the respective cams, and maintained in proper position by the
slotted bracket P. The levers N and N₁ are centred upon pins fixed in the
slide Q and Q¹, and which slides are caused to lower or raise the levers
according to the particular portion or portions of the cams R and R', which
is caused to act on the slide Q, and which has the effect of increasing or
decreasing the compound motion of traveller G and parts immediately con-
nected with it, and which has the effect and is for the purpose of inserting,
and driving the piercers and drivers respectively of the various sizes of boots
and shoes as may be required successively. S is a driving pulley fixed on the
shaft. T, and upon which shaft is fixed the wiper U and cam V, and which cam.
actuates the hammer or driver H through the lever W and parts connected

page_text: with it, as shown in Figure 12. The spring shown connected to the lever I
and bracket G being employed to give any degree of force required to the
driver; the tappet U is for the purpose of imparting motion to the compound
cam L, which it does through the lever and pawl, shown in detail at Figure 19;
on the bed plate X is fixed an hydraulic press Y and framing Z, the press being
employed for forcing the stand B with the shoe and perforated die a against
the framing Z and other parts connected with it. The T handled spindle 6 is
caused to turn up or reverse, which is for the purpose of forming the piercer
frame out of the shoe, as will be herein-after described. When motion is
given to the machine through the pulley S, as referred to, the compound cam
L is so formed as to impart motion to the driver, so that it inserts successively
the piercers in the piercer slide until all the piercers are inserted; this done
and the machine, stopped, the operator lets down the piston C by turning the
egress cock d, and he then reverses the rods c and c', and similar rods which
are placed upon the opposite side of the machine but not seen, and again
causes the piston C to ascend by letting the pressure on through the ingress
cock e, until the ends of the rods c and c¹ come in contact with the piercer
slide, with piercers out of the shoe, and passing through the compound
slide carrier E until it passes stops. or tumblers f, f, shown at Figure 20,
with the slide resting upon them. These stops or tumblers are caused
to release the piercer and hammer slides by means of the inclines i, i, formed
on the ends of the forked piece h, and which moves in bearings at k, k, and
caused to act upon the pins 1, 1, thus imparting to the stops the required
releasing motion; the operator then moves the compound slide carrier E in
the direction of the arrow's flight, and which carrier, together with carrier
A, are supported at *, *, frame Z, and also in bearing in the bracket p, p, but
which are broken off, until the driver slide show at Figures 17 and 18,
and which driver is not shown it its place m on the carrier E, in order to
make the view more clear. Previous to his doing so, the peg or fastening slide
shown at Figures 16 and 16ª, had been placed over the curved and perforated
slide a, and the plate g, at Figure 16, withdrawn out of the pegged slide, which
will allow the fastenings to pass through the part a, such part being suitably per-
forated for that purpose; the piston C with the last B being permitted to descend
to enable the workman to place the peg slide over the part a; he then causes the
piston to ascend, and the revolution of the machine is repeated, and by which
means the fastenings are inserted in the shoc, and the operation completed, and
the compound circular last carrier pulled round until another shoe and other
parts connected with it is brought in proper position in relation to each other,

page_text: when the operation can be repeated; in order to insure the proper position of
the several slides 17, 16, and the curved portion a and last stand b, guide pins
are employed, but I have not thought it necessary to show any pins for that
purpose, as the same can be readily understood; when the fastenings are
made of flexible material and the piercers required to pierce entirely through
the sole of the boot or shoe, the last or stand, shown at Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet 1, (and described as forming the first portion of the Invention,) is
substituted for that shown at Figure 15, the moveable slide on the said
perforated last being moved as required and described in reference to its
action; when metal or rivetting pins are required, the plan shown at Figure 15
would be sufficient.
The duplex last arrangement shown at Figure 14 can, be employed in
connection with the rim A, rim E, the travelling hammer, and combination of
piercers and drivers, similar to that shown at Figures 16, 16, 17, and 18, such
parts being formed for covering a pair and combining piercers and drivers for
the same; elastic packings n being placed upon the duplex stand to equalize
the pressure, and provide for any irregularity in the thickness of the bottoms
of the shoes, the rims A and E being adapted for the enlarged stands and
slides, and a suitable design cut upon the compound cam L; the fastenings
employed, whether of metal or otherwise, in using this machine may be
inserted by hand or any other convenient means, but such means do not form
part of this Invention. The compound last and slide carriers A and E
together with the hydraulic arrangements, consisting of the frame Z and its
adjuncts, can be employed for pressing on soles of boots and shoes when such
soles are attached by adhesive material or other fastenings, and which re-
volving rims A and E, I claim for the purpose of attaching soles on boots
and shoes, whether employed in connection with the different parts already
described or others for a similar purpose; and I do not claim the driver or any
other description of driver, or the combination of piercers, except when a driver
is made to travel in the manner described in connection with the same or
similar means, as shown in the Drawings, or an equivalent to the slotted head
J, K, and K', in connection with the traveller G, and when employed for
successively inserting piercers or drivers in succession, and when piercers are
shouldered to regulate their penetrating or driven distance. And I also claim
the cams R and R', and the parts immediately connected with such cams, for
the purpose of varying the travel of the driver; and I also claim the mode
and means employed for withdrawing the piercers out of the shoe, and the
application of the same.

page_text: Figure 21 shows a view of the application of the regulating cam or tem-
plate referred to under the fifth head of this Invention, and which is for
regulating the length of fastenings made or formed by any suitable machine
from an endless material, whether the same be metal or flexible materials, and
which may be easily connected by gearing to a suitable peg or nail-making
machine. The lever A being connected to the feeding motion of the material
while the end B of the same lever rests upon the irregular screw cam, and
which travel according to the pitch C on the part D of the shaft, and
which shaft E receives a regular motion through the ratchet or from any
convenient motion from the fastening making machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
EDWIN P. ALEXANDER.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)