IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FAN FORGES OR HEARTHS, AND OTHER FORGES OR HEARTHS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Allday, the younger, of the Firm of William
Allday and Sons, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Bellows and
Portable Forge Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PORTABLE FAN FORGES OR HEARTHS, AND OTHER FORGES OR HEARTHS."
Sealed the 30th April 1880, and dated the 15th November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Allday at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1879.
WILLIAM ALLDAY, the younger, of the Firm of William Allday and Sons, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Bellows and Portable Forge Manu-
facturers. IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FAN FORGES OR HEARTHS, AND OTHER
FORGES OR HEARTHS."
16
My Invention consists, first, of the arrangements or combinations of parts herein
after described for driving the fans of portable fan forges or hearths; and, secondly,
in combining with portable fan and other forges or hearths, adjuncts of the kind
herein after described, whereby the forge or hearth is made more convenient in use
than forges or hearths of the ordinary kind.
In driving the fans of portable fan forges or hearths according to one of my
arrangements I support a hand driving pulley near the top of the pan of the forge,
and 1 support by the frame of the forge below the fan a horizontal axis or spindle,
the said axis or spindle carrying at one end a small pulley. A driving band
passes around the hand driving pulley, and also around the small pulley on the
bottom axis. In the middle of the said bottom axis or spindle is a large driving
wheel, and on the fan shaft above the said bottom axis is a smaller wheel against
which the larger driving wheel bears. The periphery of the small wheel on the
fan shaft is covered, by preference, with india rubber. The frictional contact
between the two wheels is thereby made more perfect. The large hand driving
pulley being turned by a winch attached to it, its motion is transmitted through
the driving band and bottom pulley to the bottom axis or spindle, and from the
said axis or spindle by the frictional gearing described to the fan shaft, and the fan
is rotated at the required speed.

page_text: Or the following arrangement for driving the fan shaft may be adopted so as to
dispense with the use of a driving band, that is to say -In place of the hand
driving pulley and small driving pulley on the bottom axis or spindle, over which
pulleys the driving band works, frictional gearing may be used. In this arrange-
ment the distance between the bottom axis and the axis carrying the hand
frictional driving wheel is diminished in order to avoid the use of a hand driving
wheel of large diameter. Instead of frictional gearing toothed gearing may be
employed. Although I prefer to drive the rotary fan by the use of a winch, as
described, yet it may be driven by a lever or rocking motion, or may be worked by
the foot by means of a treadle instead of by hand. Or it may be driven by steam
or other power instead of by the hand or foot. I combine with the forge or hearth
described and other forges or hearths a removeable and adjustible fire screen, for
the purpose of screening the workman using the forge or hearth, and I also
combine with the forge or hearth a removeable water cistern for cooling the fire
tongs or other tools used.
I make the fire screen of a curved plate or sheet of wrought iron, and I connect
there with a vertical fixing rod. On the pan of the forge I attach a tubular socket
into which the rod on the screen may slide. By means of a set screw the rod of
the screen may be fixed in the socket at any required height; or by partly with-
drawing the said set screw the screen may be unfastened and removed.
I give the water cistern a curved figure to follow the curvature of the pan of the
forge, and I attach the said cistern to the pan by hooks on the inner side of the
cistern engaging with the top edge of the said pan.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Allday in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th May
1880.
WILLIAM ALLDAY, the younger, of the Firm of William Allday and Sons, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Bellows and Portable Forge Manu-
facturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE FAN FORGES OR HEARTHS, AND OTHER
FORGES OR HEARTHS."
My Invention consists, first, of the arrangements or combinations of parts herein
after described for driving the fans of portable fan forges or hearths; and, secondly,
in combining with portable fan and other forges or hearths adjuncts of the kind
herein after described, whereby the forge or hearth is made more convenient in use
than forges or hearths of the ordinary kind.
In driving the fans of portable fan forges or hearths according to one of my
arrangements I support a hand driving pulley near the top of the pan of the forge,
and I support by the frame of the forge below the fan a horizontal axis or spindle,
the said axis or spindle carrying at one end a small pulley. A driving band
passes around the hand driving pulley, and also around the small pulley on the
bottom axis. In the middle of the said bottom axis or spindle is a large driving
wheel, and on the fan shaft above the said bottom axis is a smaller wheel against
which the larger driving wheel bears. The periphery of the small wheel on the fan
shaft is covered, by preference, with india rubber. The frictional contact between
the two wheels is thereby made more perfect. The large hand driving pulley
being turned by a winch attached to it, its motion is transmitted through the
driving band and bottom pulley to the bottom axis or spindle, and from the said.
axis or spindle by the frictional gearing described to the fan shaft, and the fan is
rotated at the required speed.
Or the following arrangement for driving the fan shaft may be adopted so as to
dispense with the use of a driving band, that is to say:-In place of the hand
driving pulley and small driving pulley on the bottom axis or spindle, over which
pulleys the driving band works, frictional gearing may be used. In this arrange-
ment the distance between the bottom axis and the axis carrying the hand
frictional driving wheel is diminished in order to avoid the use of a hand driving
wheel of large diameter. Instead of frictional gearing toothed gearing may be
employed.
Although I prefer to drive the rotary fan by the use of a winch, as described,
yet it may be driven by a lever or rocking motion, or may be worked by the foot
by means of a treadle instead of by hand. Or it may be driven by steam or other
power instead of by the hand or foot.
I combine with the forge or hearth described and other forges or hearths, a
removeable and adjustable fire screen for the purpose of screening the workman
using the forge or hearth; and I also combine with the forge or hearth a
removable water cistern for cooling the fire tongs or other tools used.
I make the fire screen of a curved plate or sheet of wrought iron, and I connect
therewith a vertical fixing rod. On the pan of the forge I attach a tubular socket,
into which the rod on the screen may slide. By means of a set screw the rod of
the screen may be fixed in the socket at any required height; or by partly with-
drawing the said set screw the screen may be unfastened and removed.
I give the water cistern a curved figure to follow the curvature of the pan of the
forge, and I attach the said cistern to the pan by hooks on the inner side of the
cistern engaging with the top edge of the said pan.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, and Figure 2 in back elevation a portable

page_text: fan forge or hearth containing my improvements; Figure 3 represents a front and
side elevation of the fan detached, and Figure 4 represents the bracket or bearing,
and the spindle of the large frictional wheel detached. The same letters indicate
the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
a is the pan, and b, b, are the legs or uprights of the forge; c is the fan case
fixed to the back of the pan of the forge in the manner represented. On the
bracket d fixed to the pan the axis of the hand driving wheel or pulley e is secured
by the screw nut represented taking onto its screwed end. The axis of the wheel
or pulley e is capable of adjustment in the slot in the said bracket d. The said
pulley is thus made capable of adjustment for tightening the driving band. Below
the fan is a horizontal axis or spindle f (shown separately in Figure 4) carrying at
one end a small pulley g, around which small pulley and the hand pulley e the
driving band h passes, as represented. The band h is protected from the heat of
the fire by the plate i. The inner end of the horizontal axis or spindle f carries a
large friction wheel k, which bears against and transmits motion to a smaller
friction wheel on the fan shaft m. The friction wheel may be made of or
covered by india-rubber or other like material, the said wheel being secured
between collars which are rigidly fixed to the fan spindle m. By turning the
large hand driving wheel or pulley e by the long winch es its motion is transmitted
through the driving band h, and bottom pulley g to the axis or spindle f, and from
the said axis or spindle by the frictional gearing k and l to the fan shaft m, and
the fan is rotated at the required speed.
the
Instead of the driving band h and the two pulleys e, f, for transmitting motion
to the friction wheel shaft f two friction wheels may be used, that is to say,
pulley e may be replaced by a friction wheel, and the small pulley g by a second
friction wheel which bears against and receives motion from the upper or driving
friction wheel. Or instead of the last described frictional gearing toothed gearing
may be used.
The horizontal axis or spindle f carrying the friction wheel k is supported and
adjusted in the following way-The curved bracket or strap n which is affixed to
the legs b, b, of the forge carries a snug or adjustable bearing p, in which one end
of the spindle frotates, the other end of the said spindle turning in another snug or
bearing a carried by the bracket r fixed on the fan case c. In the said bracket n
is a longitudinal slot 8, and by means of the screw and nut at t the position of the
snug or bearing p may be adjusted on the bracket. The snug or bearing q in
which the other end of the spindle f turns is adjusted in a similar way, that is, the
snug or bearing a works in a longitudinal slot in the bracket r (see Figure 3), and
by means of the lock nut v the said snug and the axis or spindle working in it
may be adjusted. Or the end of the axis or spindle f may work loosely in the slot
in the bracket r, and be adjusted therein by the set screw u
Instead of supporting the spindle f of the friction wheel k in the manner
represented, the said spindle may be carried across the forge, the moveable bearings
being connected to the hoops of the forge.
w is the adjustable and removeable fire screen consisting of a curved plate or
sheet of wrought iron connected with the angular fixing rod x, the vertical part of
the said rod sliding in a tubular socket y on the pan of the forge. By means of
the set screw y the rod x of the screen may be fixed in the socket y at any
required height; or by partly withdrawing the said set screw y³ the screen may
be unfastened and removed.
2 is the water cistern attached to the pan a by hooks 2, 22, on its inner or
concave side engaging with the top edge of the said pan a. The said water
cistern z has a curved figure given to it to follow the curvature of the pan a, so
that the said cistern fits closely against the said pan.
Figure 5 represents in back elevation and Figure 6 in side elevation a portable
fan forge or hearth in which the rotary fan is driven by a lever or rocker
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, represent parts of the same.
a is a lever to which a backward and forward or rocking motion is given by
;

page_text: hand. The said hand lever a is connected to the toothed quadrant 6 turning on
the centre c. The quadrant b has two sets of teeth d and e, the upper row of
teeth d being situated in a different plane from that in which the lower row e is
situated, as seen in the separate view Figure 7. These rows of teeth d and o
engage respectively with pinions fƒ and g working loosely on the shaft h carrying
the friction wheel p (see Figure 8). The pinions f, g, are respectively connected
with clutches k, k, one of which is represented drawn to a larger scale in Figure 9.
The clutches k, k², have each five (or other number of) tangential planes 1, the face
of each plane being troughed shaped. A sphere of hard metal is placed in each of
the troughed tangential planes l. These spheres are marked m in Figure 8.
The clutches k, k², work in boxes n, n², respectively. These clutch boxes are fixed
to or formed upon the axis h carrying the friction wheel p. A trough like groove is
made in the inner face of each of the clutch boxes n, n², for the spheres m to roll in,
and a series of semi-circular passages opening into the trough like grooves in the
clutch boxes are made in the edge of the said clutch boxes for permitting of the
introduction of the spheres into their places. By an examination of Figure 8 it
will be seen that when the clutch k rotates in the direction of the arrow, Figure 8,
the tangential plane over the lowest sphere m, rolling the sphere in the groove in
the box n of the clutch binds or wedges the said sphere between itself and the said
groove, and thereby temporarily binding the said clutch to its case n carries round
the friction wheel p fixed on the axis h. When, however, the clutch k rotates in a
direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow Figure 8, it does not carry the
wheel P with it. The troughed tangential planes in the clutches k and k³ are set
in the same direction, so that each clutch in rotating in one direction gives motion
to the wheel p, but in its return motion it is inoperative, one being in action when
the other is out of action. The pinions ƒ and g have an alternating rotatory motion,
each pinion in its rotation moving in a direction opposite to that in which the
other pinion is at the same time moving, their motions being reversed on the
reversal of the toothed quadrant b, but by the arrangement of the tangential planes
of the clutches each one is operative only when it is rotating in a direction proper
to carry round the wheel p in the direction of the arrow Figure 8, that is, each of
the clutches k, k², when operative carries round the wheel p in the same direction.
By this arrangement the toothed quadrant b by its to and fro motion communicates
a continuous rotary motion in one direction to the wheel p. The lowest of the
spheres m is the one which is principally concerned in the gearing of the clutch
with its box, the said spheres when in their highest positions being inoperative.
By the rotation of the clutch the positions of the spheres m are continually
changing, but as the lowest one rises another takes the position it has vacated, and
hence the clutch is always in gear with its box so long as the rotation in the proper
direction continues.
The rotatory motion thus communicated to the friction wheel p is transmitted to
the fan shaft in the manner herein before described.
In place of the toothed quadrant, Figure 7, the fork and band arrangement
represented in Figures 11 and 12 may be substituted. In this arrangement the
arms q, r, are provided with bands 8, t. These bands are attached to and coiled
round pulleys u, v, (see Figure 12), which pulleys replace the pinions f, g, Figure 8.
The pulleys u, v, are geared together by the bevil gearing represented in Figure 12.
By the rocking or to and fro motion of the fork, Figure 11, motion is given in
opposite directions to the pulleys u, v, the bands s, t, being coiled in opposite
directions upon the pulleys, as indicated in Figure 11. As by the motion of the
fork, Figure 11, one band is being uncoiled from one of the pulleys u, v, the other
band is being coiled upon the other pulley by the action of the bevil gearing.
The action of the clutches in this arrangement is the same as that in the arrange-
ment represented in Figure 8, that is to say, the teeth or troughed planes of the
clutches working in the clutch boxes u³, v2, are set in the same direction, so that
when either of the pulleys u, v, is turned in the direction proper to give the

page_text: required motion to the wheel p, the said clutch is operative and gives the required
motion to the said wheel, but is inoperative when it rotates in the other direction.
The enlarged representation of the clutch in Figure 12 differs from that of
Figure 8 only in the substitution of a pulley for the pinion in Figure 8.
.In place of the hand lever a a treadle may be attached to the rocking quadrant,
Figures 5 and 6, or fork Figure 11, a counterbalance weight or spring being
employed to lift the treadle, the downward motion of which is produced by
the foot.
Although I have only represented my improvements in driving the fans in com-
bination with a circular portable fan forge or hearth, yet my improvements are
equally applicable to square or oblong fan forges or hearths, and the removeable
and adjustable fire screen and water cistern may be applied to forges or hearths
other than fan forges or hearths.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention.
But I claim as my Invention of " Improvements in Portable Fan Forges or
Hearths, and other Forges or Hearths,"
First. Driving the rotary fans of portable fan forges or hearths by means of the
adjustable frictional gearing or frictional and band or toothed gearing, herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Driving the rotary fans of portable fan forges or hearths by means of
a rocking hand lever or treadle operating upon clutch mechanisms of the kind
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of the
accompanying Drawings for the purpose of converting the to and fro motion of the
hand lever or treadle into the continuous rotary motion required by the fan.
Thirdly. The addition to or combination with portable fan and other forges or
hearths of the removeable and adjustable fire screen, herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The addition to or combination with portable fan and other forges or
hearths of the removeable water cistern, represented in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Allday, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sight
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
WILLIAM ALLDAY, JUNR. (L.S.)