Improvements in Locks or Fastenings for Panic or Emergency Doors.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 21st June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locks or Fastenings for Panic or Emergency
Doors.
We, Messrs. HOBBS, HART & CO. LIMITED, of Arlington Street, Islington, in
the County of London, and of 76 Cheapside, in the City of London, Manufacturers
of Locks and Safes, and ROBERT TAYLOR, of 123 Arlington Street, aforesaid,
Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to improvements in locks or fastenings for panic or
emergency doors, which are capable of being readily opened or unfastened from
the interior. but which cannot be opened or unfastened from the exterior except by
aid of the proper key.
We employ, as heretofore, a push piece consisting of a hinged cross bar fixed
at its hinged end to the hinge stile of the door and acting by its other end on
means for withdrawing the locking bolts when pushed towards the door.
We will first describe our invention as applied to a lock or fastening having
vertical bolts shooting from the top and bottom of the door.
For this purpose we form or fix on the free end of the push piece or cross bar,
a pin or projection which is capable of moving in straight slots formed in two
cheeks fixed to the lock case, and in a slot formed in a projection from one or
each of the bolts and fitting between said cheeks, such slot or slots being formed
partly inclined to the aforesaid straight slots and partly parallel therewith. When
using only one bolt having a projection formed with a partially inclined slot as
above, motion is given from one bolt to the other by a cross piece mounted
centrally on an axis and working in suitable spaces or between suitable projections
on the bolts. When employing two bolts each provided with a projection having
a partially inclined slot as above described, such inclined portions of the slots are
arranged in opposite directions. In either case on the cross push piece being
pushed towards the door, both bolts will be simultaneously withdrawn, and on
pulling such cross push piece in the contrary direction, both bolts will be simul-
taneously shot. A spring trigger or catch lever formed with two recesses acts
automatically to hold the cross push piece in one or other position.
When employing only a single bolt operated as above described, we arrange
such bolt to move crosswise of the door.
Instead of forming an inclined slot, or inclined slots in a projection from one or
each bolt, such slot or slots may be formed in a lever or levers mounted on a stud
fixed to the lock case, and such lever or levers will in such case work within a
bow piece or bow pieces or hollow projections fixed to one or both bolts.
As a further modification the pin at the free end of the push piece or cross bar
may be arranged at right angles to such bar across a cavity in the end of the
latter, which passes loosely over a hollow cylinder formed with co-acting inclined
slots on opposite sides thereof through which the said pin passes. This hollow
cylinder is fixed on the axis of a double horned follower or lever which acts to
shoot or withdraw both bolts. This follower or lever has projections thereon, one
of which acts in conjunction with an automatic spring stop to keep the bolts in
their locking position until the push bar is moved, whilst the other projection acts
in connection with a manually movable slide stop which is used when the bolts are
withdrawn and it is desired to retain the door unlocked.

page_text: Instead of employing a pin across a cavity at the end of the push piece and a
hollow cylinder on the follower provided with inclined slots as above described,
the reverse of such arrangement may be adopted; that is to say, the said cylinder
may be solid and provided with inclined or helical wings passing through corre
sponding slots in the closed inner end of the cavity at the end of the push piece,
and said cylinder is connected to said push piece by a disc or head piece within
the cavity of the latter.
For the purpose of enabling the bolts to he operated from the exterior and
at the same time to be protected against persons not provided with the proper key,
we employ the following arrangement.
The straight slotted fixed cheeks, as also the spring trigger or catch lever,
above described are dispensed with; a hole to receive a portable spindle is formed
through the cross piece communicating motion from one to the other or to both
bolts, and a supplemental lock is used of any suitable character, the bolt of which
when shot passes across the spindle hole in the cross piece and thus prevents any
person not having the key of the supplemental lock from inserting a portable
spindle in said hole. With this arrangement of safety lock the push piece may
act on a crank lever to give motion to the bolt or bolts, and a projection on said
crank lever may fit a recess in a cross slide or third bolt, which, by suitable levers
or connections, operates the main bolts, and a lever, through which the hole to
receive the portable spindle is formed, used to give motion to the bolts from the
outside. With the above arrangement the main bolts are at the same time free to
be operated by the push piece on the inside of the door.
When employing a horizontal bolt the following modifications may be adopted.
The free end of the push piece or cross bar is slotted and two cheeks are fixed
to such free end, the space between which is in the same plane as the slot; a
projection fixed to the lock case works between said cheeks and in the slot in the
cross bar, and a cross pin fixed in the two cheeks passes through an inclined slot
in the fixed projection from the lock case. The hinged end of the push piece or
cross bar is provided with a short pivotted link to enable it to move a short
distance end wise when pushed towards the door, such motion being caused by the
cross pin and inclined slot above described. The cheeks on the push piece or cross
bar, when pushed towards the door, pass between projections on the lock bolt and,
by moving end ways, withdraw the latter to unlock the door, the bolt being moved
in the opposite direction by pulling the push piece outwards. A spring stop acts
to hold the push piece or cross bar in either of its two positions; when the latter
is in its outward position the stop is automatically removed by pushing in the push
piece or cross bar, but when the latter is in its inward position the said stop is
mánually removed to liberate said push piece by means of a projection therefrom.
As a modification the push piece or cross bar may be provided with a projection
passing into the lock case and acting against an incline on the bolt to withdraw
the latter, whilst said projection, when the push piece is in its outward position,
fit's between two parts of the bolt to lock it in its outward position. In this
arrangement also a spring trigger or catch lever acts to hold the push piece
or cross bar in either of its two positions until the latter is either pushed or
pulled.
Dated this 21st day of June 1895
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Locks or Fastenings for Panic or Emergency
Doors.
We, Messrs. HOBBS HART & COMPANY LIMITED, of Arlington Street,
Islington, in the County of London, and of 76 Cheapside, in the City of London,
Manufacturers of Locks and Safes, and ROBERT TAYLOR, of 123 Arlington
Street, aforesaid, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to improvements in locks or fastenings for panic or
emergency doors which are capable of being readily opened or unfastened from the
interior but which cannot be opened or unfastened from the exterior except by aid
of the proper key.
We employ as heretofore a push piece consisting of a hinged cross bar fixed at
its hinged end to the hinge stile of the door and acting by its other end on means
for withdrawing the locking bolts when pushed towards the door.
We will first describe a form of our invention applied to a lock or fastening
having vertical bolts shooting from the top and bottom of the door, such as
represented at Figures 1 to 10 in which,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the improved arrangement as seen from the inner
side of the door. The parts being shown in position with the locking bolts
shot.
Fig. 2 shows a reversed view of the vertical locking bolts in the lock case with
the base plate removed.
Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section on line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
Figures 4 and 5 are edge views respectively of the lower and the upper locking
bolt;
the outer ends being broken off for want of space.
Figures 6 to 8 show different views of a spring actuated catch for securing the
bolts in either the locked or unlocked position.
Fig. 9 is a plan of the push bar, partly broken away, for operating the bolts.
Fig. 10 shows the improved arrangement applied to a panic or other door.
Refering to Figures 1 and 10, a is the door, the push piece or cross bar hinged
at 61 to a bracket a¹ fixed on the hinged stile of the door, c is the lock case carrying
the bolts and their moving parts.
At the free end of the push bar we form or fix a pin or other suitable pro-
jection & arranged to move in straight slots c¹ formed in two cheeks c² fixed to the
lock case c (see Fig. 3).
The bolt d is provided with a projection d fitted so as to pass through a slot
in the exterior plate of the lock case and to slide between the two cheeks c.
The projection d² on the bolt d has a slot d³ formed therein which runs parallel
for a short distance from its outer end with the slots c¹ in the cheeks c and partly
at an incline therewith. It is obvious that on pushing the cross bar d towards the
door, as indicated by the arrow at Fig. 3, the pin 2 guided in the slots c¹ will
press against the inclined sides of the slot d³ and thereby force the bolts d
further back in the lock case so as to unbolt the door. The bolt d may, if desired,
be provided with antifriction rollers d to ease its motion and with a tailpiece d³
to cover the slot in the outer plate of the lock case so as to exclude dust
and dirt.
The bolt d imparts the required motion to the bolt d' through the medium of a
cross piece or double lever e mounted with its central pivot pin or axis in the
lock case and working with its extremities e¹ and e respectively in the spaces or

page_text: recesses d✶ and d** of the bolts d. d', by which means the bolts d and d are
caused to be simultaneously withdrawn by pushing the cross bar 6 towards the
door, or to be simultaneously shot by pulling said cross bar in the contrary
direction.
It is evident that the double lever e in connection with the spaces or recesses in
the locking bolts d. d¹ may be replaced by any other well known devices for
communicating motion from one bolt to the other as required.
In some cases we prefer to dispense with the double lever e or any similar device
and provide both locking bolts with a projection d2 having inclined slots d³ arranged
in opposite directions and working between the checks 2 in such manner as to
cause the pin 2 or other projection of the cross bar to act directly on the two bolts
and withdraw or shoot both bolts simultaneously by either pushing or pulling the
cross bar b as before stated. The latter arrangement will be readily understood
from the description thereof aided by reference to the description and drawings of
the foregoing arrangement without requiring special drawings.
We secure the locking bolts d. d' and the push bar in either the locked or
unlocked positions by means of a trigger or catch lever f acted upon by a spring g
and formed with two recesses f¹ and f; this trigger is mounted on a pin f³ on the
outside of one of the cheeks and acts to prevent the accidental displacement of
the pin of the cross bar but yields automatically under pressure of the
latter.
Instead of forming an inclined slot in the projection of one or each of the bolts
we may sometimes use a slightly modified arrangement of which Figures 11 and 12
show a front and a side elevation respectively, Fig. 13 a vertical cross section,
Fig. 14 a reversed view of the interior of the lock case and its contained parts,
while Fig. 15 shows a horizontal cross section on line 15-15 of Fig. 13.
The lock case c is as before provided with two cheeks 2 having straight slots c
for guiding the pin 2 of the push bar but instead of forming a projection, having
an inclined slot, on one or both of the bolts to work between the cheeks c² we use
a lever or levers having an inclined slot h' to be acted upon by the pin b² of the
push bar b. The lever passes through a slot in the lock case and is fulcrummed
on a pin carried by two projections or brackets e³ in the interior of the lock case.
The outer end of the lever works between a bow piece i forming part of one of
the bolts, or both bolts may be provided with a bow piece i and a lever h to work
in opposite directions as has already been described with reference to the first
arrangement. Where only one locking bolt is fitted with a bow piece i and lever h
motion is given to the other locking bolt through the medium of the double
levere in the manner herein before referred to.
Another modification is represented at Figures 16 to 23.
Fig. 16 is a front elevation.
Fig. 17 a reversed view of the lock case with its contained parts, and
Fig. 18 a plan view thereof.
Fig. 19 is a plan view of the same arrangement of lock case but with the push
bar, shown at Fig. 20, removed therefrom.
According to this modification we form at the free end of the push bar a cavity
or sleeve at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the push bar and having a
pin across the centre of the sleeve. The double lever or follower e* in the
interior of the lock case, for giving motion to the bolts d d' is provided with a
square hole into which is fitted the square shaped stem of a short hollow cylinder k
which latter is provided with co-acting inclined slots k² k² at opposite sides running
in opposite directions in such a manner that, when the head 63 of the push bar bis
placed in position on the hollow cylinder k with the pin 64 passing through the
inclined slots k¹², it is only necessary to push the bar b towards the door to
impart a rotary movement to the cylinder k and to the double lever or follower e*
connected to it so as to simultaneously move both bolts. The bolts when shot are
prevented from shifting accidentally by an automatic spring actuated catch lever /

page_text: mounted in the interior of the lock case c the hook or nose of which enters a recess
or passes behind a projection 3 on the boss of the double lever or follower e* and
only yields when pressure is applied to the push bar b. To secure the bolts in
the unlocked position we employ a manually movable slide stop the finger piece
of which extends through the lock case. This slide stop is fitted to be pushed.
by hand in front of a projection et on the follower e* when the door is unlocked
so that the bolts cannot move from that position until the slide stop / has been
withdrawn from the path of the follower e*.
Figures 21, 22 and 23 show a push bar with sleeve 63 somewhat similar
to that described in the last modification but instead of acting by means of
the pin on inclined slots in a hollow cylinder k it acts on inclined or helical.
wings k³, formed on the peripheral surface of the cylinder k*, which pass through
corresponding co-acting slots 65 in the closed inner end of the head 63 of the push
bar b. The head 68 is kept on the cylinder k* by a disc or flange k* forming the
head of the cylinder k*.
So far the description only refers to arrangements for operating the bolts from.
the inside of the door.
For the purpose of enabling the bolts to be operated from the exterior and
at the same time to be protected against persons not provided with the proper
key we prefer to employ the arrangements represented at Figures 24 to 28-
in which
Fig. 24 is an elevation
Fig. 25 a vertical elevational section showing the parts in their working position
in the lock case,
Fig. 26 is a horizontal cross section,
Fig. 27 is an edge view or side elevation of part of the lock case showing the
free end of the push bar with its connected parts and a slide stop for retaining the
push bar either in its locked or unlocked position.
The cheeks on the lock case instead of being slotted are provided with a hole
and a pivoting pin m on which is mounted a crank lever a separately shown
enlarged in perspective at Fig. 28.
The slotted end of the push bar b is connected by means of a cross pin 67 to
the eye n¹ of the crank lever n; the connection between these two parts, viz. :.
the pin 67 working in an oval hole, being such as to compensate for the varying
distance between the point 6' and the hinge end of the bar b.
The other extremity n of the crank lever engages with the slot o' in a cross
slide o and is moreover provided with a ball headed stud us engaging in the forked
end of a lever p fulcrummed in the lock case c which lever p is provided with a
square or other suitable hole p' for the insertion from the exterior of the door of a
portable spindle similar to a railway key. The slide o acts through a bell crank
lever o on the upper main bolt d' and through a double lever o³ operating by
its forked end of a bell crank lever o, on the lower bolt d. With the above
arrangement the bolts d. d¹ are at the same time free to be operated by the
push bar b from the inside or by the key from the outside of the door.
is a spring actuated catch for keeping the push bar in either its locked or
unlocked position; this catch is fixed on the lock case c in position to enable its
head to either press against the inner side of the head 6 or to enter a suitable
recess (not shown) in the side of the head 6 of the push bar.
This catch acts in a similar way to that described with reference to
Figures 17 and 18.
+
In order to prevent an unauthorized person from opening the door from the
outside we
use in conjunction with the arrangement herein last described a
supplemental lock of any suitable character the bolt of which when shot may
either block directly or cause a slide q¹ to cover the spindle hole in the operating
lever p and thus prevent any one not having the key of the supplemental lock from
unbolting the door from the exterior, this arrangement will not however prevent
the door from being unlocked from the interior. It will be well understood that,

page_text: by providing a suitable hole in the follower or double lever for the insertion of a
portable spindle together with a supplemental lock for covering or blocking such
hole in the follower, the arrangements shown at Figures 1 to 14 may be made to
open from the outside in the manner explained with reference to the arrangement
herein last described.
When employing only a single bolt operated as above described we arrange such
bolt to move crosswise of the door.
Figures 30 to 36 show an arrangement for use in connection with single horizontal
bolts.
Fig. 30 is a plan of the hinged end of the push bar.
Fig. 31 is a plan of the free end of said push bar.
Fig. 32 is a horizontal section of the lock case.
Figures 33 and 34 are two views of the push bar.
Fig. 35 is a reversed sectional view of the lock case and its contained parts.
Fig. 36 is a vertical section on the line 36-36 of Figure 35.
The slotted head 68 of the push bar bis provided with two cheeks 69 united at
the rear part and arranged in the same plane as the slot so as to fit loosely over a
fixed projection c4 of the lock case c.
The fixed projection is provided with a partly inclined slot e extending
rearward and a pin 610 fixed in the cheeks of the slotted head of the push bar b
works in the inclined slot and causes the push bar, ou being pushed towards the
door, to move rearward and to act on the rear part of the horizontal locking
bolt r so as to release the door. To enable the hinged push bar b to effect the
required rearward movement for unbolting the door a link s is interposed between
the hinged bracket a fixed to the hinging stile of the door, and the hinged end b¹
of the push bar as shown at Fig. 30. An ordinary lock spring t tends to keep the
bolt shot, and move the push bar forward. The spring catch u shown at
Figures 35 and 36 serves to retain the locking bolt both in its locked and
unlocked position.
The head u of the spring catch u enters a slot 611 in one of the cheeks of the
push bar 68, when the latter is in its locked or outward position to prevent such
push bar from moving accidentally, but at the same time, the head u¹ of the catch u
by being provided with an inclined face, is capable of giving way to the push bar
when pressure is applied to the latter for opening the door. After the push bar b
has been pushed in the direction of the door and the bolt withdrawn the stop 7 of
the latter enters a recess u³ in the forward extension of the spring catch u while at
the same time the head u¹ enters a recess 612 in the cheek be and whereby the bolt
and the push bar are retained in their unlocked position until released by depressing
the finger piece u* of the spring catch u.
Figures 37 to 42 represent another arrangement having a single horizontal bolt
in which Fig. 37 is a plan thereof with parts shown in section.
Figure 38 is an elevation of the lock.
Figures 39 and 40 are two views of the bolt shown separately.
Figures 41 and 42 show two positions of the means for retaining the push bar
and Fig. 43 is an elevation of the spring actuated catch shown separately.
As a modification the head 613 of the push bar b may be provided with an angular
projection 614 passing into the lock case and acting against an incline v¹ of the
horizontal locking bolt v to withdraw the latter, whilst said projection 614, when
the push bar is in its outward position, fits between two parts 23 of the bolt to
lock it in its outward position.
In this arrangement also a spring trigger or catch w acts to hold the push bar in
either of its two positions until the latter is either pushed or pulled. For this
purpose we form a head w' at right angles with the body of the spring catch w and
provided with two inclines w³ ³ in opposite directions in such a manner as to enable
the head to enter a recess 1 formed in the projection 614 of the push bar b or to
press against its inner end to guard against any accidental movement of the push
bar but not to prevent it from being readily operated when required.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
The improved constructions of locks or fastenings for panic or emergency doors
substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated March 20 1896
HARRIS & MILLS,
23 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.