CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SETTING TYPES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of " CERTAIN NEW AND
USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SETTING TYPES."-A com
munication from John Ten Eyck Slingerland, residing at New
York, in the County and State of New York, United States of
America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 11th March 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18,
Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10, Sackville

page_text: Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN NEW
AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SETTING TYPES," a communication
to me from John Ten Eyck Slingerland, a person resident at New
York, in the County and State of New York, United States of America,
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and made solemn Declaration that it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a machine for setting
types in which the types are placed in channels arranged on the
periphery of a cone or in an upright or inclined position and of a depth
equal or nearly so to the length of the types, the types being placed
therein in piles face outward, and so that their flat sides bear against
each other the same as they do when set up in a line for printing, with
that difference that each channel contains types bearing the same
character. One side of each channel is about 3 inch lower than
the other side in order that a line of types may be inserted easily by
merely laying the same against the higher side, which then acts as a
guide to clear the corner of the opposite side. The bottom end of each
channel is provided with a discharge spout having on one side one or
more lips to support the pile of types in said channel, and on its other
side a flange which prevents the types while being scraped out
of the channel from being thrown in a wrong position, the flanged
side of the discharge spout being made elastic and yielding, so that in
case a wrong type of greater thickness than those for which the channel
is designed should accidentally get into one of the channels such
type can be forced out without injuring any part of the mechanism.
The mechanism employed for scraping the types out of their channels
consists of a wheel which revolves upon a vertical rim and which carries
a series of composers, the action of which is controlled by a perforated
ring and by a scolloped rim. The composers are hinged in a radial

page_text: position to the carrier wheel at their inner ends, and each of the com-
posers is provided with a series (eight being shown in this example)
of hinged levers or indicators, the upper ends of which slide in the
grooves of the perforated ring, being pressed up by the action of a spring
which acts on the body of the composer. The perforated ring is con-
structed of flat segmental plates fastened to the base of the cone
containing the type channels, and it is provided with twice as many
grooves as there are indicators on each composer, and each of the
indicators can be so adjusted that its point is made to glide in either
of two adjoining grooves, and these grooves are differently perforated
opposite each type channel so that when the indicators of a conveyor
have received a signal for a certain type the outer end of the composer,
which is provided with suitable scrapers, on arriving opposite the channel
containing said type is forced up and the lowest type in the channel
is scraped out. The scolloped rim serves to govern the approach of the
composer to the channel from which it is to take a type, also to maintain
it in position while scraping out the type, and also to restore the com-
poser to its original position, and the type previously scraped out is
deposited on the edge of the carrier wheel and carried to the receiving
channel. The set is given to the indicators by the action of keys which
act on intermediate keyboard levers, and whenever a key is depressed
the mechanism for imparting motion to the carrier wheel is thrown in
gear, and the carrier wheel is caused to move one step equal to tho
distance between the discharge spouts of two adjoining type channels.
The mechanism for imparting motion to the carrier wheel consists
chiefly of a vibrating lever which receives its motion by the combined
action of a cam and of a spring, and which carries a pawl that is
allowed to engage with teeth is the edge of the carrier wheel whenever
it is free to rise, said pawl being depressed by the action of loose pins
in the rim of the carrier wheel on a cam hook or stop, and not being free
to rise until the loose pin acting on the stop is driven in by a hammer
which is actuated whenever one of the keys is depressed.
This hammer
is mounted on a vertical rock shaft on which is secured an arm con-
nected to the nib slide which engages with the keyboard levers, and to
the vertical rock shaft is also attached a hook which serves to restore
the hammer, the nib slide, and the keys to their original positions, and
which also prevents any of the keys being depressed until the carrier
wheel has reached the proper position. The carrier wheel is arrested after
A 2

page_text: each movement by two stop pawls acting thereon in opposite directions
and released at the proper moment, one by the motion of the vibrating
lever and the other by the carrier wheel itself. A suitable stop latch
serves to arrest the nib slide, thereby preventing either of the keys being
depressed. If the stop latch is thrown back out of the way of the
nib slide, the nib slide can be drawn in by means of the starting lever,
which bears against a spring coiled round the shank of the nib slide,
so that the carrier wheel will continue to move step by step without any
of the keys having been depressed for the purpose of delivering all the
types previously deposited on the same, the spring on the shank of the
nib slide allowing said slide to yield to the action of the restoring hook.
The starting lever is made to catch in a notch of the frame. Instead
of this starting lever, however, a blank key may be used which acts
on all the keyboard levers and on the nib slide, and which may be used
in preference to the starting lever to prevent any accidental displacement
of either of the keyboard levers. The types after having been scraped
out of the type channels are carried round by the carrier wheel until
they arrive under the receiving channel, which is provided with a lifter
receiving a reciprocating rising and falling motion by the action of a
cam on the front end of the vibrating lever. As the lifter rises it
catches under the type situated on the rim of the carrier wheel and
pushes the same up into the receiving channel past two hooks, which
fall in by the action of springs and catch under the type so lifted and
retain it in the receiving channel. The bottom edges of these hooks are
rounded off so that they recede whenever a type is brought to bear
against them from below. The space above the receiving channel is
occupied by a multiple channel or a channel having two or more com-
partments each of which can be brought in line with the receiving
channel. This multiple channel is held in position by a stud projecting
in its back, and when one of its compartments is filled an alarm gong
is sounded and the operator moves said channel sideways so as to bring
its next empty compartment over the receiving channel, thereby saving
the time which would be required for taking off said channel and
replacing it by another each time a single channel is filled. The keys
are constructed in the form of bell-crank levers, each of which is provided
with a segment having one or more projections to act on one or more
of the keyboard levers, and said keys are guided in front and rear by
slotted bars. The finger pieces of the keys are arranged in five rows,
each finger piece bearing the character for which it is intended to give

page_text: a signal, and these characters are so placed that those most used are in
the most convenient position for the operator.
The copy holder consists of a board provided nears its bottom edge
with a tongue and spring which are inserted into a suitable groove in
the keyboard in such a manner that said board is retained in the
required position that it can be moved from one side of the keys to the
other, and also removed and reinstated as may be desired. Across the face
of the copy holder extends a triangular rule provided with flanges which
catch over the edges of the copy holder, and one of which flanges is
provided with a friction spring so that said rule is retained in any
position in which it may be brought and that it can readily be moved
up or down to conform to the lines of the copy. A series of notches
in the edges of the copy holder are intended to receive elastic straps
or cords for the purpose of retaining the copy. The copy holder is
recessed, so that rumpled or folded copies or manuscripts will not
obstruct the action of the rule.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates the Invention, in which
Drawings Fig. 1 represents a front view; Fig. 2, a vertical central
section, the line x, x, Fig. 1, indicating the plane of section; Fig. 3, a
horizontal section taken in the plane indicated by the line y, y, Fig. 2;
Fig. 4, a similar section, the plane of section being indicated by the
line z, z, Fig. 2. The remaining Figures are details shown in larger
scale than the previous Figures, which will be referred to as the
description progresses. Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
In the Drawing the letter A designates a column which forms the
support of the working parts of this machine. On the top of this
column is secured a plate B. provided with an annular rim a, and from
the centre of this plate rises a pin b, which together with the adjusting
studs &* forms the support for the cone D, said pin being provided with
a shoulder, against which the base of the cone is held by a nut c, and
also with an extension passing up through the upper surface of the
cone, and furnished with a screw thread and nut d so as to retain said
cone firmly in position, see Fig. 2. The top and base of the cone are by
preference made of cast iron, and provided with annular flanges, against
which a wooden jacket is fastened by screws or any other suitable means.
On the periphery of the cone D are formed a series of type channels e,
which are separated from each other by partitions f (see Figs. 1 and 3),
each channel being made nearly equal in depth to the length, and in

page_text: then acts as a guide to clear
Said type channels are open
bottom ends with discharge
These spouts are bent up
width to nearly the width of the types, so that said types can be placed
therein in piles, the adjoining types bearing against each other with
their flat sides the same as they do when set up in a line for printing,
with the exception however that each channel contains types all of the
sanie character, one or more channels being provided for each character.
One side of each channel is about 3 in. lower than the other side in
order that a line of type may be inserted easily by merely laying the
line of type against tho higher side, which
the corner of the opposite or lower side.
at the top, and they are provided at their
spouts g, best seen in Figs. 3, 9, 11, & 13.
of sheet metal, and they are secured directly to the lower portion of the
cone D. Each of the spouts is provided on one side with one or more.
lips h, which form the support for the pile of types in the channel, and
the opposite side of the spout is closed by an elastic plate i provided with
a flange extending towards and close to the next succeeding type
channel, and at an elevation above the lip or lips h corresponding to
the thickness of the types for which the channel is intended so as to
prevent the escape of more than one type at a time. The object of the
elastic plate i is to allow the discharge of a thicker type than those
intended for the channel without injury to the working parts, for it may
happen sometimes by accident or carelessness that a wrong type gets
mixed up with those intended for a certain type channel, and if this
type is too thick to pass through the space between the lip h and the
flange the plate i if made elastic is capable to yield and to allow the
passage of said type; while if the plate i would be made rigid said type
could not get out without producing an injury to some portion of the
working parts. The flange; serves to prevent the types while being
scraped out of their channels from turning or getting into a wrong
position. The rim a of the top plate B of the column A forms the
support and guide for the carrier wheel C. This wheel is constructed
of an annular plate provided with a downwardly projecting rim k
(sce Figs. 2, 4, 9, and others, and with a rising flange (best seen in
Figs. 3 and 15). The surface of this flange is made with a depression m
between two raised ribs n, o, the inner one of which n forms a shoulder
for the types to rest against, as shewn in Fig. 15. If desired an
additional rib may be made in the middle of the cavity m, and if this
central rib is wide enough to form a good support for the type the
outside ribs may be dispensed with. In this case the flange would be

page_text: provided with two cavities and one rib. The rising flange is provided
with a series of narrow slots to receive the outer ends of the com-
posers E (see Figs. 3, 9, 11, and others), which radiate from the centre
of the carrier wheel, being connected at their inner ends to said carrier
wheel by means of lugs or pivots so that their outer ends are free to
swing up and down. On the side of each composer are eight, more or
less, levers or indicators p which oscillate on pivots q (see Fig. 9), and
are subjected each to the action of a friction plate or spring so that
they will remain in any position into which they are brought. The
oscillating motion of these indicators however is limited by studs r
secured between them. Their upper ends are rounded of and made to
slide in the groove of the perforated ring F. This ring is made of a
series of flat plates (see Fig. 20), which are screwed against the bottom
surface of the cone D, Fig. 9, so as to form nearly a complete ring, that
portion thereof in front of the receiving channel where the composer
gets its set being left open, and it (the ring) is provided with a series
of grooves & equal in number to twice that of the indicators on each
composer, each indicator being so situated that its point can be made to
bear in either of two adjoining grooves.. These grooves are differently
perforated at certain intervals (see Fig. 20), the perforations being so
arranged that by their combination the various characters and letters
are represented, and that the perforations corresponding to a certain
character are opposite or under the discharge spout of the channel
containing the types bearing the same character. Each of the com-
posers is subjected to the action of a spring t, which has a tendency to
force the same up, a plug u being interposed so as to produce an even
and uniform action of the spring. If the indicators of a composer are
set for a certain character, for instance, the letter P, and said composer
arrives. under the channel containing the types bearing said letter, the
indicators on coming opposite the perforations corresponding to the
letter P will meet with no resistance, and the composer is forced
upwards by the action of its spring t, so that it comes behind the lowest
type in the channel P and scrapes the same out, each composer being
provided at its outer end with one or more scrapers w (best seen in
Fig. 9). To control the motion of the composer while it rises and
prevent the same from rising any higher than desirable and to return
it to its original position after it has scraped a type out of one of the
channels, a scolloped rim G is applied (see Figs. 9, 11, 14, & others),.
the edge of which is so shaped that it allows said composers to fall in.

page_text: has been done, as indicated in Fig. 14, where three composers are shewn
in section, one just after it has fallen in, one just before it begins to be
forced back, and the last after having been forced back to its original
position.
The manner in which the composers act on the type is shewn in
Fig. 13, where one of the composers is represented in the act of scraping
out a type. The scrapers of the composers straddle the lip or lips h of
the discharge spout g, and as the carrier wheel advances the lowest type
in the channel is scraped out, being held in proper position by the lip j,
and finally deposited upon the flange 7 of the carrier wheel, which is
provided in its ribs n, o, with projecting pins v, whereby the types on
being deposited on said carrier wheel are confined in a radial position.
The carrier wheel receives its motion by means of a lever H, which has
its fulcrum on the centre pin b, and which is drawn up against the
periphery of a cam I by means of a spring a¹ (Figs. 4 & 6), so that as
said cam revolves an oscillating motion is imparted to the lever H. The
cam I is mounted on the upper end of a vertical spindle 6', which has its
bearings in a bracket J secured to the top plate B of the column A, and
on the bottom end of which is secured a cog wheel c¹ that gears in a
pinion & turning loosely on a vertical spindle e¹ and connected to a
pulley which receives a revolving motion by means of a belt g¹ passing
down through the hollow cone D, as shewn in Fig. 2. The rear end of
the lever H is provided with a groove h³, which catches over a rib ¹
projecting from a fixed block j³, and to said end is pivoted a pawl k¹,
which is pressed up by means of a spring A (see Figs. 5 and 8), and
when allowed to rise engages with teeth m¹ in the bottom edge of the
rim k of the carrier wheel (see Fig. 5). The position of the pawl k³ in
relation to the teeth m³ is governed by a stop n³, which projects from the
edge of the pawl (see Fig. 7, which shows detached views of the pawl
with the stop), and by a series of pins o³, which are placed loosely into
the rim of the carrier. The number of these pins is equal to the
number of composers on the carrier wheel, there being one pin for
each composer, and as the carrier wheel revolves all those pins which
have been previously pushed in are driven out by an inclined plane p¹
(see Fig. 4) and their correct position is finally insured by a shield q
secured on the bracket J outside of the rim k of the carrier wheel, and

page_text: at such a distance therefrom that the loose pins o¹ on passing under said
shield are so adjusted that they all project to a uniform distance beyond
the periphery of the rim k. The shield q¹ is best seen in Figs. 5 and 6.
If the pin o¹*, which at a certain moment is situated over the stop n', is
left out, said stop is depressed to the position shown in dotted lines in
Fig. 5; the pawl ¹ does not engage with the teeth m¹ on the carrier
wheel, and the motion of the oscillating lever H is not transmitted to
said carrier wheel. But as soon as said loose pin o¹* is pressed in the
stop n is released, the pawl k¹ is thrown in gear with the teeth m¹ by
the action of the spring , and the carrier wheel is moved one step, the
pawl being immediately thrown out of gear with the teeth m¹ by the
next succeeding pin o'. The pins o' are pushed in at the required time
by the action of a hammer ¹, which is mounted on the top of a vertical
rock shaft 8 (see Figs. 4 & 5) having its bearing in the bracket J.
On this rock shaft is secured a disk t¹, which carries a wrist pin u¹ that
connects by means of a rod v¹ with the nib slide w¹. By pulling the
rod in the direction of the arrow marked thereon in Fig. 6 the
shaft is oscillated and the hammer 1 is caused to drive in that one of
the loose pins o³ which at the moment stands opposite the stop n³, and
as soon as this pin is driven in the carrier wheel is propelled one step.
A shield * rising from the inside of the carrier wheel opposite the
hammer prevents the loose pins being driven in any further than
desirable (see Fig. 6). To the rock shaft s¹ is also secured a restoring
hook, which prevents the hammer being actuated at the wrong time,
and which also serves to restore said hammer to its original position in
the following manner :-Said restoring hook is situated in the same
plane with the teeth m¹ on the rim of the carrier wheel, so that the
hammer cannot be carried in unless said carrier wheel is in such a
position that the restoring hook can enter one of the spaces between
the teeth m', and as the carrier wheel is propelled one step the edge of
the succceding tooth m¹ forces out the hook x³, and consequently the
hammer back to its original position. It will be seen that this
restoring hook performs a very important function, for if the hook is
taken off and the strain on the rod v¹ continues the point of the hammer
would either strike against the succeeding pin o' and the carrier wheel
would be stoped in the wrong position, or the succeeding pins would be
successively forced in and the motion of the carrier wheel would
continue beyond the desired point, but as the hook ¹ is forced back by
the action of the carrier wheel itself the strain on the rod v' is overcome,

page_text: and the carrier wheel is only moved one step at a time. The correct.
position of the carrier wheel however is still further insured by a stop
click y' and a check click z¹ (see Fig. 4). Both these clicks engage
with the teeth m¹ on the rim k of the carrier wheel. The check click z¹
prevents the carrier wheel from rebounding, being so arranged that it is
forced out by the edge of the tooth, while the stop click y' prevents the
forward motion of the carrier wheel at the wrong moment and beyond
the desired point. The edge of this click is cam-shaped, as shewn in
Fig. 4*, and it is acted upon by a pin a² secured in the oscillating
lever H, so that it is thrown out of gear with the carrier wheel before
the pawl K¹ on the opposite side of said lever begins to act. Both
clicks y¹ and z¹ are subjected to the action of springs, which have a
tendency to keep them in gear with the carrier wheel. If the carrier
wheel is at rest it is so situated in relation to the type channels on the
cone D that the composers are opposite the partitions f between said
type channels, see Fig. 11, and if the carrier wheel is propelled one
step all the composers are caused to sweep past the discharge spouts of
the succeeding type channels. If the indicators on one of the composers
have been set so that said composer can fall in while it sweeps past the
succeeding type channel the lowest type in said channel is scraped out
and deposited on the carrier wheel, as has been previously described.
The mechanism which actuates the hammer 1 and releases the carrier
wheel is therefore combined with the mechanism which gives the sct to
the indicators of the various composers in such a manner that the set is
given to a composer just before the hammer strikes the pin o¹*, so that
said composer on arriving opposite the type channel containing the
character for which it has been set is enabled to fall in and to scrape
out the required type. This object is obtained by the combination of
the keys L with the nib slide w¹, which connects by means of the rod o'
and wrist pin u¹ with the hammer shaft 8', as previously stated.
The keys best scen in Figs. 2 & 9 are made in the form of bell-crank
levers, which have their fulcra on a common rod 2, and each of which
is provided with a finger picco c² and with a segment d², cach having
one or more nibs or teeth according to the number and position of the
indicators to be acted on by it. Said keys are set close together in the
keyboard M (see also Figs. 1 & 3), and they are guided in front and
rear by notched bars e², f², best seen in Fig. 4, those parts of the keys
which engage with the notches in said bars being reduced in thickness,

page_text: so that said keys can be set close together and yet room is obtained in
the bars e, f, for the notches (see Fig. 11). Small springs inserted
into sockets in the bar f* have a tendency to retain the keys in the
position shown in Figures 2 & 9, the sockets for these springs being
bored in a zig-zag position, as shown in Fig. 12, so as to bring said
springs as close together as required to conform to the position of the
keys. The nib segments of the keys act on the keyboard levers N,
which are arranged one behind the other, as seen in Fig. 9, and each of
which is provided with a downwardly projecting flange g², which
extends throughout the entire length of the keyboard, and with an
upwardly projecting arm 12 intended to act on the indicator of the
composer, which stands directly over the centre of the keyboard. The
number of keyboard levers is equal to that of the indicators in cach
composer, and said keyboard levers are so situated that each of them
acts by means of its arms 2 on one of the indicators, said indicators
being brought back to their starting position by means of inclined
planes (see Figs. 3 & 15) before they come opposite the arms h³ of the
keyboard levers. The nib segments of the keys are provided each with
one or with a combination of nibs, so that some of the keys will actuate
only one and others two or more of the keyboard levers, and conse-
quently one or more of the indicators by depressing a key, therefore the
composer receives a set corresponding to the character controlled by said
key, and as this composer arrives opposite the channel containing
the types bearing said character, it is enabled by corresponding per-
forations in the ring F to fall in and sweep the lowest type out of
said channel. The nib slide wo³ is provided with a number of nibs
equal to the number of keyboard levers, and these nibs engage with
the outer faces of the flanges 92 of all the keyboard levers, so that
whenever one of the keys is depressed and an oscillating motion is imparted
to one or more of the keyboard levers, the nib slide is caused to move
in the direction of the arrow marked thereon in Fig. 9, the nibs of the
key segments being situated inside and those of the nib slide outside of
the flanges of the keyboard levers, and thereby the hammer shaft is
caused to oscillate, and the hammer is made to drive in the pin o¹*, as
previously described. But as the key is depressed, and before the
hammer has driven in the pin o¹*, the set is already given to the com-
poser situated at the time over the arms h² of the keyboard levers, and
as the carrier wheel revolves said composer is sooner or later brought
under the channel containing the types for which it has received its set,

page_text: and at that place the composer falls in and scrapes out the required type.
As the nib slide is forced back again to its original position by the action
of the restoring hook r¹ it carries back with it all the keyboard levers
and the key which has been acted on is forced up, even if the pressure of
the finger thereon should continue, and neither of the keys can be
depressed before the carrier wheel has completed its motion for a full
step. If it were not for this precaution and if one or more of the key-
board levers should be allowed to remain in the position given to them
by depressing a key some of the indicators of the succeeding composers
would strike against some of the arms of the keyboard levers, and the
mechanism would be deranged. With the nib slide w¹ is combined a
latch, which when thrown in the position shewn in Figs. 4 & 9
serves to lock said nib slide, and with it all the keyboard levers, so that
when said latch is thrown in its locking position neither of the keys can
be depressed. The types which have been swept out of the type
channels in the cone D by the action of the composers are carried round
on the carrier wheel until they arrive under the receiving channel o.
This channel is secured to the cone D between the ordinary type
channel opposite the middle of the keyboard (or nearly so), as shewn in
Figs. 1 & 2, detached views of the same being represented in Figs. 15
to 19 inclusive. By inspecting Fig. 16 it will be seen that said
receiving channel is open at top and bottom, its bottom end being
provided with two hooks k², one in front and the other in the rear, said
hooks being so formed and connected to the side of the channel by
pivots that they have a tendency to fall into the position shown in
Fig. 17, being subjected to the action of small springs, stops m² being
provided which prevent said hooks from falling in beyond this position.
To the opposite side of the channel is secured a slide n², which is
provided at its bottom end with a friction roller o³, and which is
subjected to the action of a spring p³, having a tendency to keep said
slide down in the position which the same occupies in Figs. 15 and 16.
A cam q³ which is connected to the inner end of the oscillating
lever H acts against the roller o² and raises the slide n² once for every
oscillation of the lever H, the end of said lever being supported by a
projection on a traverse of the keyboard, so that the same is not liable
to be bent down by the force of the spring p², which it is compelled to
overcome every time the cam q² strikes the roller o. To the slide n° is
attached a lifter 8, which when the slide is down drops into the cavity m
of the carrier wheel (see Fig. 15), so that whenever said carrier wheel

page_text: revolves the types previously deposited thereon are successively brought
over the lifter s², and as the slide n³ is forced up by the cam q² one type
after the other is carried up into the receiving channel. As the lifter
rises the type supported by it strikes the rounded edges of the hooks
and forces the same back, and as soon as the type has passed the hooks
they (the hooks) fall back and retain the type in the channel, while the
lifter descends to carry up the next succeeding type. It will be noticed
by observing the position of the lever H in Fig. 3 that the upward
motion of the lifter takes place while the carrier wheel remains
stationary, and vice versa, so that the lifter is always down just before
the motion of the carrier wheel ceases, and does not begin to rise until
the type deposited on said carrier wheel has been brought fully over
the lifter, said type being confined between the lips to of the composers
on one side and the pins v projecting from the carrier wheel on the
opposite side. By these means the correct position of the types in
relation to the receiving channel is insured and the lifter is enabled to
carry each type up into said channel without fail. The slide n' is
attached to the receiving channel by means of a dovetail, as shewn in
Fig. 18, and it is provided with a slot through which extends a stud, to
which the spring p² is attached, as shown in Figs. 15 and 18.
In Fig. 19 an inverted plan of the receiving channel is represented
showing the hooks k² and the lifter 8*. The receiving channel O extends
only partially upon the cone D, the space above it being left free for the
multiple channel P, which is composed of two or more compartments,
cach of which can be adjusted in line with the receiving channel, said
multiple channel being held in position simply by a stud projecting from
the body of the cone and catching into holes in the base plate of the
channel. The object of this multiple channel is to enable the operator to
go on with the operation of setting for a long time without interruption,
nothing being required after one of the compartments of the multiple
channel has been filled but to move said multiple channel sideways, and
to adjust the next succeeding compartment in line with the receiving
channel. Directly over the top of each compartment is pivoted a bell
crank lever t², which carries a hammer arranged in such a position in
relation to a gong u² (Figs. 1 & 2) that when the compartment fills up
the upper type therein will actuate said hammer, thereby giving a signal
and calling the attention of the operator to the fact that the compart-
ment is about being filled. The gong u³ is secured on the top of the

page_text: cone D (see Figs. 1 & 2), one and the same gong being common to all
the compartments of the multiple channel. After all these compartments
have been filled the multiple channel must be removed and replaced
by another, and then the operation can be continued, the full channel
being given to the justifier for the final justification of the matter. The
finger pieces of the keys are arranged in five rows, as shewn in Figs. 1,
2, & 3, so that each finger piece can be made sufficiently large to be con-
veniently touched with the finger. Each finger piece bears the character
which its key is intended to control, and these characters are so arranged
that those most used in composing are in the most convenient position
for the operator, while those which are little used are towards the upper
sides of the keyboard. By referring to Fig. 3 it will be noticed that
provision is made for capital and small letters, also for figures, for
dipthongs, and for other combination letters, also for stops or signs
indicating pauses, such as a period, a comma, etc., and in fact for all
signs which occur in printed matter; also for quadrates and for thin
spaces or types bearing no character, and it is obvious that the number
of the keys can be still further increased if it should ever be requisite.
When the operator depresses a key, for instance the key A, the composer
which is over the arms 2 of the keyboard levers is set to conform to the
perforations of the ring F under the channel containing the types A,
and as the carrier wheel revolves and said composer comes opposite the
channel containing the types A it falls in and scrapes the lowest type out
of said channel. As the operation progresses a number of types are
thus deposited on the carrier wheel, and when a copy is finished a large
number of types still remain on the carrier wheel, and these types have
to be brought into the receiving channel before the operation is com-
pleted. This object is effected by means of a blank key L* (see Figs. 3
and 4), which is connected with the nib slide w¹, so that it actuates said
slide and consequently the hammer ³, moving at the same time all of
the keyboard levers by keeping the finger down on the key L*, therefore
the carrier wheel is caused to move step by step as long as the pressure
on said key continues, at the same time actuating all the indicators of
the composers, so that all the types on the carrier wheel are lifted up
into the receiving channel, while no fresh types are scraped out because
all the keyboard levers are lifted and no regular set is given, and conse-
quently the carrier wheel will be emptied in a short time. The blank
key is made to actuate all the keyboard levers so as to prevent either of
them from assuming a wrong position, which would cause a derangement

page_text: of the mechanism. It must be remarked that the pressure on the key L*
must be yielding, since said key is raised up by the action of the restoring
hook after each motion of the carrier wheel. Instead of the blank
key La starting lever Q may be employed (see Figs. 4 & 10); this lever
has its fulcrum on a column v² which rises from the bed of the keyboard,
and it is provided at one end with a fork w³ which straddles the con-
necting rod v¹ of the nib slide while its other end is furnished with a
handle and so arranged that it can be secured in notches in the side of
the keyboard. The fork w³ of this lever bears against a spring a coiled
round the connecting rod of the nib slide, and if the handle of the lever
is turned in the direction of the arrow marked near it in Fig. 4 and then
fastened in the appropriate notch in the edge of the keyboard a continuous
yielding pressure is exerted on the rod o¹ of the nib slide, and the carrier
wheel is caused to move step by step as long as this pressure continues.
The pressure exerted by the lever Q on the rod v¹ must be necessarily
yielding to allow said rod to recede under the action of the carrier wheel
on the restoring hook x. This starting lever does not actuate the key-
board levers, and it can be used without danger if the keyboard levers
are not made at the same time to assume a wrong position.
The copy from which the operator works is secured in a copyholder R,
which is seen in Figures 1 & 2, and detached views of which are given
in Fig. 21, 22, & 23. This copyholder consists of a board which is
provided with a tongue y³ on one side and a spring z² on its opposite
side near its bottom edge, and which is inserted into a recess 6³ in one of
the traverses of the keyboard, said recess being furnished with a groove
h³ to receive the tongue y³, as shown in Fig. 22. In order to remove the
keyboard it has to be pressed forward against the spring until the
tongue y passes out of the groove h³. When in position the copyholder
is retained by the spring and tongue, and it can be moved from one side
of the keys to the other without losing its position. This latter object
could however be also effected by means of loops attached to the copy-
holder and made to slide on a square or polygonal or even round guide
rod. Across the face of the copyholder extends a triangular rule a³,
which is provided with flanges c³, and which is made of such a length
that its flanges straddle the edges of the copyholder. In the sides of one
of the flanges c³ is a recess d³ to admit the end of a friction spring es
which is fastened to the flange and bears with its point against the
edges of the copyholder. By these means said rule is rendered capable

page_text: of retaining any position into which it may be brought, and yet it can
be moved easily up or down, and furthermore by the flanges c³ the rule
is kept parallel, so that it can be readily made to follow the lines of the
copy. To prevent the rule when being moved up or down from dis-
placing the copy, and to admit rumpled copies or manuscripts, the copy-t
holder is recessed, as shown in Fig. 23, so that the rule bears on its edges
and not on the surface of the copy, and that it can be moved up or down
without coming in contact with the copy. The edges of the copyholder
are furnished with notches g³ at certain intervals to receive elastic bands
which tend across the face of the copy and retain the same securely in 1
position.
Having thus described the said Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into effect, what I claim and desire to secure by the said
Letters Patent is,―
1st. The cone D having on its surface a series of type channels and a 1
receiving channel, substantially as shewn and described.
2ond. A type channel having one of its sides lower than the other,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
3rd. The combination of the perforated ring F with the type channels
placed in an upright or inclined position either above or below the said 2
perforated ring F, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4th. The hinged radiating composers E in combination with the
carrier wheel c constructed and operating substantially as described.
5. The combination of a carrier wheel provided with composers and
having a step-by-step motion with the type channels having an inclined, 2
horizontal, or upright position, either above or beneath the perforated
plate F, substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. The arrangement of one or more ribs n, o, and one or more
cavities m on the carrier wheel C, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
7. The scrapers to on the ends of the composers in combination with
the indicators p, perforated ring F, and with the lip on the discharge
spouts of the type channels, placed in an upright, horizontal, or inclined
position, substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. The scolloped rim G in combination with the composers, the
perforated rim F, and the type channels placed in an upright, horizontal,
or inclined position, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3

page_text: 9. The yielding or elastic side plate i on the discharge spouts of the
type channels, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
10. The flange j on the discharge spouts of the type channels in
combination with the scrapers of the composers E, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
11. The guide pins or projections in the carrier wheel in com-
bination with the composers E, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
12. The lifter & in combination with the recess m in the rim of the
carrier wheel, substantially as and for the purpose described.
13. The retaining hooks ² on the receiving channel in combination
with the lifter &* and with the carrier wheel, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
14. The combination of a multiple channel P with the receiving
channel of a type-setting machine, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
15. The bell-crank levers 2 and gong u² in combination with the
multiple channel P, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
16. The combination of the nib slide w' with the keyboard levers, the
keys, and the indicators of the composers, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
17. The mechanism, substantially as herein described, for imparting
to the carrier wheel a step-by-step motion, consisting of a hammer, a
series of loose pins inserted in the rim of the carrier wheel, a stop n¹,
and a pawl capable of engaging with teeth in the rim of the carrier
wheel, as set forth.
18. The oscillating lever H carrying on one end a pawl k¹ capable of
engaging with teeth on the rim of the carrier wheel, and on its opposito
end a cam q² acting on the lifter of the receiving channel, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
19. The stop pawl y' having a cam-shaped edge in combination with
the oscillating lever H and carrier wheel C, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
20. The restoring hook ¹ in combination with the hammer r¹ and
with the carrier wheel C, substantially as and for the purpose described.
R

page_text: 21. The combination of the restoring hook x¹ with the nib slide w¹
and with the keys L, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
22. The mechanism, substantially as described, for stopping the keys,
consisting of stop latch 1, nib slide 10¹, and keyboard levers N, as
specified.
23. The combination of a blank key L* with the nib slide and key-
board levers, and with the carrier wheel, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
24. The combination of the starting lever Q with the nib slide and
carrier wheel, substantially as described.
25. The keys L provided with thin parts to engage with the notched
bars e, f, so as to allow of setting the keys close together, substantially
as set forth.
26. The arrangement of the finger pieces c³ in five, more or less, tiers,
substantially as shewn, so as to obtain sufficient room for each finger
piece, while the keys are set close together.
27. The copyholder provided with a rule a³ having flanges c³ and a
friction spring e³, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
28. The foot piece of the copyholder constructed substantially as
described in combination with a guide on the rail of the keyboard, so
as to allow of sliding the copyholder from one side of the keys to the
other without throwing the same out of position.
29. The combination of the tongue y² and spring ² on the copyholder
with the guide groove in the rail of the keyboard, constructed and
operating substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.

page_text: 725,
SPECIFICATION.
FIC. I.
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VIL LIK
An Afik m