matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thornhill Simpson at the
Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1856.
I, EDWARD THORNHILL SIMPSON, of the Calder Soap Works, Wakefield, in
the County of York, Soap Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of applying in the manufacture of soap a stone or
clay found in Surrey, and which will probably be found in other parts, and
which is composed largely of soluble silica. For these purposes, a solution of
caustic potash or soda is put into a suitable vessel, and when boiling, the silica
rock is added, either ground to a fine powder or broken into small pieces; the
boiling is continued and the silica added till the causticity is gone; the steam
is then turned off or the fire drawn, and the carth or insoluble parts settle
to the bottom, and the clear liquor is a silicate of potash or soda, which is used
for the purpose of mixing with soap when making, or it may be used when
putting the soap into the frames. The silicate can be used as drawn from the
vessel or cistern, or concentrated either by fire or dry steam, and is applicable
to all kinds of soap made from tallow, palm oil, cocoa-nut oil, or any other
fatty matter used in soap making, either separately or combined.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATES OR GRIDS APPLICABLE TO SEWERS, DRAINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mellor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1856.
I, JAMES MELLOR, of Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Pattern Designer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATES OR GRIDS APPLICABLE TO SEWERS, DRAINS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a novel construction and arrangement of parts
forming, when combined, an improved grate or grid for the purpose of arrest-
ing any substances which may flow with the water through the grid, and which
would obstruct the sewer or drain into which they would otherwise pass.
The parts of this "grid" consist in the application of a series of grids,
grates, or sepparator, arranged in plates or layers one below another, the open-
ings or spaces gradually becoming closer and finer as they approach the bottom
of the grid; the bars in the several grids are placed alternately transversely,
or at right angles to each other at each layer or plate.
Underneath this arrangement of grids is a series of broad bars having only
small or narrow spaces between them; these are also placed in layers one
beneath another, and so arranged that the broad opposing surface of the bars
lie over the narrow spaces of the layer beneath, thus preventing or opposing
the return or ascent of any effluvia from the drains or sewers. Again, beneath

page_text: these layers of stench-resisting bars is a filtering bed or beds composed of
sand, &c. or other filtering compound or material, through which the water
will pass into the bason and thence into the drain or sewer, having now been
cleansed of its impurities.
The entire of the above arrangement is enclosed in an inner casing, and
placed in a suitable outer casing or box. The rim or upper part of the outer
casing in which the top grid or grate plate is placed is provided with openings
or cavities in those places which are opposite to the openings or cavities in the
top grid, for the purpose of allowing the free ingress of the water, and at the
lower part of the inner casing is a slight projecting rim or edge dipping into a
gutter or channel of water formed in the bottom of the outer casing, and thus
sealing or completing the air-tight junction of the two cases. I also provide
in "street grids" a small upright grid placed at right angles above the larger
grid, and against the edge or kerb stone of the pavement. This smaller grid
may be adjusted upwards and downwards to suit the height of the kerb, and
also communicates with the larger grid and sewer.
It will be evident that the above arrangement and construction of grates or
grids will be equally applicable to other similar purposes when used at or near
a right angle to the plane of the stream; as, for instance, as is "street grids,"
the flow is downwards; so in "flood gates," or in other similar situations, the
flow of the stream being horizontal, this Invention may be employed with
similar effect.
AN IMPROVE- HENT IN THE STOPPERING OR CLOSING OF JARS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE JOINING OF EARTHENWARE AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1856.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Upnor, in the County of Kent, Terra Cotta Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
HENT IN THE STOPPERING OR CLOSING OF JARS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER VESSELS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE JOINING OF EARTHENWARE AND OTHER PIPES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify and render more secure the
junction of pipes, whether made of earthenware or metal, and also the stop-
pering of bottles and the covering of jars and other vessels. For this purpose
I avail myself of the yielding or elastic property of cork, india-rubber, or other
analogous substance, and into the band of this material, which surrounds the
lip of the vessel to be closed, or the pipe to be lengthened by a junction, I
cause the thread of a screw to take, and I thus obtain an air and water tight
joint. The ring of yielding material I fit into an annular groove formed in the
neck of the jar or vessel or end of the pipe, and in the cover of the jar or
socket end of the adjoining pipe I form a female screw, by moulding or casting
the same at the time of making the pipe or cover. When the thread in the

page_text: socket end of the pipe or cover is applied to the elastic ring it will take into
the cork, leather, or other substance, and hold firmly thereto. In the case of
stoppering bottles, I propose in general to form the screw in the bottle neck,
and to make the stopper the yielding medium for obtaining an air-tight
stoppering.
By the application of this Invention, vessels for containing acids and other
substances that would injure (by contact) a vegetable or fibrous packing, may
have such a packing applied thereto as the cork, leather, or india-rubber will
not necessarily come in contact with the contents of the jars or bottles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gibbon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October 1856.
I, JOHN GIBBON, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent, Clerk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting chaff-cutters with what I call a moveable
jaw or mouth-piece, which rises to allow a fresh quantity of material to be
advanced towards the knife for the purpose of being cut, and closes down and
holds the material tight while in the act of being cut; also in a contrivance
for altering the length of the cut. For working the moveable jaw, I connect
a crank to the spindle of the knife wheel, and cause it to communicate
through a lever with a rocking bent lever, the lower end of which is con-
nected to and works in a guide on the moveable jaw or jaw carrier. The
rocking lever causes the jaw to rise and fall alternately, so as to hold the
material firmly while being cut, and then to rise and allow of a fresh supply
being advanced. In some cases I place a plain roller in front of the feed
rollers to facilitate the delivery of the material to be cut to the knife. I alter
the length of cut by the following arrangement:-On one end of the spindle
of the moveable jaw I place an arm perforated at regulated distances with

page_text: holes, in one of which holes, according to the length of cut required, is fixed
a paul or ratchet, which works a ratchet wheel fixed on the axis of one of
a pair of fluted rollers connected together by means of a pair of toothed
wheels in the usual way.
AN ELASTIC JUNCTION, APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES AND PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whitaker Collins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1856.
I, WILLIAM WHITAKER COLLINS, of Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for AN ELASTIC JUNCTION, APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES AND
PURPOSES, to be as follows, viz. :-
In firing vulcanized indian-rubber between iron or other metallic plates, the
plates having the means of fastening, by which an elastic junction can be made
and any direct metallic or other rigid communication avoided.
One mode of accomplishing this is to fix thin layers of unvulcanized indian-
rubber to the metal plates, as shown in the accompanying Sketch, afterwards
to unite the same to the thicker piece interposed between, and then vulcanizing
whole; the dimensions are to be varied to suit the purposes to which they are
to be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEER ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Warne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November 1856.
I, JOHN WARNE, of Blackfriars Road, in the County of Middlesex, Beer
Engine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BEER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a novel arrangement of the parts of beer engines,
known as Warne's patent beer engines. One of the great defects in the
engines at present in use arises from the pump barrel being placed on a level
with the counter, and from the oozing out of the liquor from the stuffing box
at the top of the barrel. Now I place the pump barrel below the counter,
work the piston rod through the counter, and carry out a double OG (ogee)
or other suitable neck from the upper part of the barrel to some part below
the counter and inside the bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Dendy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July 1856.
I, RICHARD DENDY, of the firm of Wedlake and Dendy, of Hornchurch, in
the County of Essex, Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in constructing horse rakes with tubular frames,
and with a seat for the driver mounted on saddles or curved pieces, which
connect the back and front bars of the frames together (and likewise connect
the shafts with the frame), and also in improved arrangements for lifting the
teeth or tines. These arrangements consist in mounting a spindle in the frame
of the machine in such manner that it may revolve freely therein; on this
spindle the teeth of the rake rest, and the carrying or driving wheels are
loosely mounted thereon, so that the spindle acts as an axletree. Two toothed
clutches are keyed on the spindle, one near each end thereof, beyond the rakes,
and a toothed clutch is attached to each driving wheel on the inner side.
These two latter clutches are brought in and out of gear with the two on the
spindle by means of levers, connected together by a rod running from side to
side of the machine within the front tubular frame. This rod.is.connected.
with a hand lever, which may be worked by the-driver from his seat, or other-

page_text: wise. Two cams or excentrics are mounted on the spindle, one at each side of
the machine, in such a position as to act on rollers, one at each end of the
lifting bar, which travel in "grooves in the periphery of the cams, so that on
working the levers to bring the clutches into gear, the revolution of the driving
wheels is imparted to the spindle, and the canis acting on the rollers raise the
lifting bar, and with it the teeth of the rake clear of the ground. Notches are
cut-in the frame of the machine to rest the lever, and thereby keep the teeth
raised to any desired height. By suitable arrangements of gearing, or by a
ratchet and pall, the toothed clutches may be so contrived as to effect the
raising of the teeth of the rake at stated intervals.
·
A METHOD OF RENDERING PRINTING INKS AND WAX ODORIFEROUS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Daniel Grant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1856.
I, FREDERIC DANIEL GRANT, of Newgate Street, in the City of London,
5 Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
METHOD OF RENDERING PRINTING INKS AND WAX ODORIFEROUS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in incorporating with inks employed in lithographic
and other printing, as also with wax employed for the manufacture of
> artificial flowers and other like purposes, one or more essential oils or scents,
in order to impart an agreeable odour, and to overcome or. neutralize the
unpleasant smell which is generally found to emanate from printing inks.
In the printing of a bunch of flowers, for instance, I intend to employ
separate inks, and to incorporate in each ink the essence of the flower to be
represented, so that each separate flower may to a certain extent exhale an`
odour similar to that from a living flower.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BANK NOTES, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO SHARE CER- TIFICATES AND OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Irovisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Van Abbott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1856.
I, GEORGE WASHINGTON VAN ABBOTT, of Croydon, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN BANK NOTES, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO SHARE CER-
TIFICATES AND OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent forgery, more particularly by
photographs taken from notes, certificates, &c., and my Invention consists in
printing the notes, certificates, and other similar documents upon both sides
instead of on one side only, as now practised.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND PREPARING HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1856

page_text: Irotection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Horsfall and William
Turnbull at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th January 1856.
We, THOMAS HORSFALL, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
and WILLIAM TURNBULL, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR BREAKING AND PREPARING HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE
FIBRES" to be as follows:-
We first expose the fibres to a breaking and splitting machine, consisting of
fluted rollers fixed in a frame in three or more tiers, horizontally or otherwise;
the central rollers revolve in fixed bearings and drive the outer rollers;
pressure on the outer rollers is regulated by Baillie's patent volute springs
and vulcanized india-rubber, or other suitable springs. The fibres are fed into
the machine between the central and upper line or row of rollers, and are
guided to the reverse side of the central rollers by rollers or otherwise at
the opposite end of the machine; they return to the feeding end between
the central and lower row of fluted rollers; motion is communicated to the
central rollers by toothed wheels.
Our machinery for further preparing or cleaning the fibres consists of
two endless bands, on which are fixed a series. of metal or wood scrapers

page_text: driven by rollers and pullies; the material is held between pressure rollers,
and presented to and between the endless bands, when the plates or scrapers
acting on each side of the fibres clear away all foreign matters from the fibres
which the breaker may not have removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PETTICOATS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Foster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1856.
I, WILLIAM FOSTER, of Black Dike Mills, Bradford, in the County of York
Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PETTICOATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of petticoats
made of moreens, either plain or watered in the ordinary manner, and consists
in weaving one or more satin or twilled stripes of equal or different widths
across the piece at suitable intervals, so that when cut up into lengths to be
manufactured into petticoats, the stripes, which are woven with a stronger or
thicker worsted or other weft than the ground of the piece, will run round the
lower portion of the garment, and by their greater closeness and compactness
will impart considerable stiffness or body thereto, the petticoat when completed
having a greatly improved appearance.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PORTABLE PRINTING OR IMPRESSING INSTRUMENT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th December
1856.
I, JOHN CLAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Surgeon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PORTABLE PRINTING OR IMPRESSING INSTRUMENT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists essentially of the following parts, namely, first, an
inking cylinder; second, a printing apparatus; and third, a stop. The said
parts are constructed and combined as herein-after described.
The inking apparatus is a perforated metallic cylinder surrounded with
cloth, into which the ink is poured.
The printing apparatus is a metallic cylinder, on one half of which is hard
soldered or cast a pice of metal nearly 1ths of an inch in thickness; in the
other half of the cylinder parallel slits are made by cutting out portions of
the metal, in which said slits moveable letters slide, and are held together by
a screw. One or more pieces of steel, about 'th of an inch in width and
th of an inch in breadth, are soldered on to the exterior of the cylinder, and
form a part of the stop. The letters are either cut out of brass or steel or
cast in type metal, and are of a size to suit the slits in the cylinder.
The stop is a rod of steel with a spring, which, when pressed down by the
thumb on the printing cylinder, comes in contact with the projecting pieces
of steel, above described, and stops the further revolving of the cylinder.

page_text: When the pressure of the thumb is taken off the spring restores the rod to
its original position.
The inking and printing cylinders are fixed into a forked metallic framework,
and are placed in opposition to each other. The inking and printing cylinders
revolve in circular holes cut in the framework. The whole is fixed to a hollow
handle of a convenient size, down the centre of which the rod forming the stop
is passed, connected at the top of the handle with a button to facilitate the
pressure with the thumb.
The action of the instrument is as follows:-When an impression is to be
made, the printing cylinder is pressed on the surface to be impressed with
moderate firmness, and moved to and fro, and as the cylinder revolves the
impressions are left on the surface to be impressed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received-Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent::was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pigott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July 1856.
I, HENRY PIGOTT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of hats and
other coverings for the head in such manner as to secure a good easy fit of
the hat upon the head, combined with free and thorough ventilation.
The lining of the hat, that is to say, that part of the internal fitting which
actually bears upon or against the head, is attached in the usual way to the
hat, near the brim thereof, for the greater part of the way round, but the
portion embracing the temples and forehead is not directly attached to the hat
body, but a thin space is left to admit the air and to allow of the self-adjust-
ment of the lining to the shape of the head at that part. Instead, however, of
leaving the front part of the lining entirely detached from the hat body, thereby
allowing of its being pushed towards the inner end of the hat, and so becoming
disarranged, two plies of material are interposed between the lining and the
hat body. These two plies of material are joined together at their inner or
upper ends or edges, whilst one-is-attached to the brim at its lower or outer

page_text: edge, and the other to the lining at its lower or outer edge. These two
additional plies may be made of any suitable material, which may be per-
forated or otherwise permeable to the air. It is, however, preferred to use
horsehair cloth for the outer ply or that next the hat body, whilst the inner
ply, or that next the lining, may be of the same material as the hat body itself,
in order to give a certain degree of stiffness to the lining. The air passes
freely through the permeable horsehair cloth into the internal space above the
head, and perforations are formed through the inner ply and the lining to
admit the air in that direction also. In this manner a good fit and thorough
ventilation are provided for, whilst the lining is not rendered liable to easy
derangement.
It may also be remarked, that the parts to which the Invention has
reference may be inserted along with the lining, so that there is nothing to
interfere with the proper dressing and preparation of the hat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS FOR STEAM ENGINES, DRIVEN BY STEAM OR ANY OTHER ELASTIC FLUID, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PISTONS OR PLUNGERS OF PUMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1856.
I, EDWARD WILSON, Engineer, of 12, Eccles Street, Dublin, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS FOR STEAM
ENGINES, DRIVEN BY STEAM OR ANY OTHER ELASTIC FLUID, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PISTONS OR PLUNGERS OF PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in applying one metallic packing ring only, which
I cut in one place, the joint or opening of which may be placed in any position
of the piston or plunger, and prevented or not moving therefrom by a tong or
stop pin. The packing ring is placed in a recess turned or formed in the
piston head or plunger, and is forced against the internal surface of the
cylinder, and rendered steam, air, or water-tight by its own elasticity, which is
obtained by slightly hammering the internal surface of the packing ring
previous to it being turned and cut, or by a placing a light metallic spring
against the internal surface of the packing ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE PERMANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1856.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of 1, Sebbon Street, Islington, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE
PERMANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing the per-
manent ways of railways. For this purpose the longitudinal bearers are made
of bitumen, with or without stones or other matters, and it is preferred that.
each such bearer should be of a triangular form with the apex downwards, and
it is recommended that such bearers should be continuous. In forming these
bearers, other longitudinal bearers of iron are introduced into, and by the
cooling and setting of the bitumen are fixed in the bitumen. These iron
bearers, when for trough rails, it is preferred should be of the form of a cross,
and when for other forms of rails should be of a T form; but the form of the
longitudinal bearers of iron may be varied, so long as, by their being fixed by
the cooling and setting of the bitumen, they will not only be held securely
themselves, but will admit of the trough or other forms of rails being readily

page_text: fixed thereto by screw bolts and nuts, or otherwise, in a manner to admit of
the rails being readily removed and replaced, whilst the longitudinal bearers
of iron remain secure in the bearers formed of bitumen, or bitumen mixed with
stones or other hard matters.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR CONNECTED WITH HAWSERS AND OTHER ROPES OR CHAINS USED IN TOWING VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander John Paterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1856.
I, ALEXANDER JOHN PATERSON, of Upper Eaton Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR CONNECTED WITH HAWSERS AND OTHER ROPES OR CHAINS
USED IN TOWING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent the breaking of the towing hawser
or chain, upon any sudden strain being brought upon it through the heavy
pitching of a ship, or otherwise.
And my Invention consists in connecting the end or ends of the towing
chain or rope on board both tug and ship, or on board either of them, to an
elastic agent, such as vulcanized india-rubber, or metal springs, or to an
atmospheric break, or to a combined atmospheric and hydraulic break, so fitted
and arranged as to give a certain amount of elasticity to the towing chain or
rope upon more than an ordinary strain being brought upon it.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING THE ECCENTRICS OR CAMS OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Maw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1856.
I, ARTHUR MAW, of Broseley, in the County of Salop, Encaustic Tile
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING THE ECCENTRICS OR CAMS OF STEAM ENGINES
AND OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a novel or improved mode of constructing those
parts of steam engines, or of other machinery, commonly called the excentric
movements or motions.
In carrying out my Invention, I fit any convenient number of segmental
pieces of brass or other suitable material into recesses formed in the inner
side of a metal ring, which encloses the cam or excentric, so that the said
pieces shall form a sufficiently continuous circle for the excentric to work in,
and I keep the said pieces of brass or other material in contact with the
excentric by means of screws passing through the outer metal ring in which
they are contained, or by means of springs or packing placed between the
outer ring and the said pieces of brass or other material, or by means of a
combination of screws, springs, and packing. By these means any inequality

page_text: in the wear of the surface of the circle of brass or other material within
which the excentric revolves is easily remedied, and the proper action of the
valves and other parts of machinery worked by the excentric or cam is
effectually secured.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN OMNIBUSES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Carey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1856.
I, CHARLES CAREY, of 32, Union Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN OMNIBUSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in omnibuses. It is well
known that great inconvenience is often felt in omnibuses by persons taking
more than a fair share of the seats. To obviate this state of things, and to
get the greatest economy of space, it has, in some cases, been the practice to
partition off by elbows or divisions the several seats, each for one person. This
arrangement, unless each seat be made sufficiently large for the largest person,
which would be disadvantageous (by reason of the size of carriage required),
presents a difficulty or objection by reason of the seats, when made to an
average size, being too small for a large person, or the average size allowed has
been too large, and the expense of building and working of such carriages
have been thereby increased. Now, my improvement has reference to seats
when so divided by partitions or elbows, and consists of having one or more of
such partitions or elbows readily removed and again readily fixed, in order
that when a stout or large person is desirous of being a passenger, such
person may be accommodated by removing the partition or elbow which
divides the space ordinarily suitable for two passengers.
A MECHANICAL APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING THE IMPULSIVE FORCE OF ANY MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Commandeur at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1856.
I, JOSEPH COMMANDEUR, of the Town of Lyons, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MECHANICAL
APPARATUS FOR REGENERATING THE IMPULSIVE FORCE OF ANY MOTIVE POWER," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of two upright cylinders formed of helical spires,
between which heavy iron balls run, and cause by their weight the cylinder to
oscillate on its pivot or axis. There are as many balls as spires of the helic or
Archimedes screw.
In the accompanying Drawing the letters A, A, denote the cylinder; B, B
its shaft; C, C, C, iron balls; D, D, upper gallery; M, heavy ball; F, upper
slider; G, lower slider; H, driving crank; X, main shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF LEATHER, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES COMPOSED THEREOF
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF LEATHER, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES COMPOSED THEREOF," communicated by M. Sejac, of
Paris, to be as follows:-
I propose, by means of a preparation of quick lime and albumen, to purify
and render exceedingly pliable or supple old leather of any description; when
thus prepared I make various articles therefrom, for instance, boots and shoes;
and to do this I stretch a lining over an improved last; I place the leather
over all, and by one operation cut the lining, the upper, and the sole of a boot
or shoe; I then apply a preparation of gutta, carbonic sulphur, chloride of
sulphur, chloride of lime, albumen, quick lime, rain water, linseed and neats-
foot oils, with purified caoutchouc, by means of a pencil or brush, to the vamps,
linings, and soles, and thereby cause these parts to adhere firmly together, as
if soldered. To make the heel, I place a piece of leather at the bottom of a
mould and another piece around it; into this hollow I pour a mixture composed
of resinous or gummy matters, suet and oil, old leather, roman cement, gutta

page_text: percha, or pure caoutchouc, and burnt cork; I then superpose another piece of
leather, and place the whole in a press, impressing thereupon the form of the
heel of the foot. These divers preparations may, it. is evident, be used in the
fabrication or manufacture of. saddles, harness, and other articles composed
principally of leather.
A NEW SAUCE BOAT OR VESSEL FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Bing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 21st July
1856.
I, JACOB BING, of Hamburgh, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "A NEW
SAUCE BOAT OR VESSEL FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing a sauce boat or vessel with a partition
for separating liquids of different densities.
The Drawing hereunto annexed represents a vertical section of the improved
sauce boat. a and b are two spouts for pouring off the liquids, the spout a
being furnished with a partition c forming a passage from the lower part of the
vessel to the top. When a fatty liquid, such as gravy, broth, sauce, &c., is poured
into the vessel to the level indicated in the Drawing, the fatty matters, from
their smaller specific gravity, will necessarily float on the top. If we pour
from the spout 6, the fatty portion will flow over with the clear liquid, but
if from the spout a, at first a small quantity of grease or fatty matter would
pass off, which is followed by the clear unmixed liquid, thus permitting of the
satisfying different tastes, that is to say, allowing the service of either the fatty
matter or of the clear liquid without having recourse to special_means.

page_text: Though I here apply this arrangement to sauce boats only, I wish it to be
understood that its application can also be made to all vessels containing
liquids of different densities, so as to permit at will of the pouring out of one
or the other part of these liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELONGATING AND CONTRACTING METAL BARS OR RODS FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Butler Clough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1856.
I, CHARLES BUTLER CLOUGH, of Llwyn Offa, in the County of Flint, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELONGATING AND CONTRACTING METAL BARS OR RODS FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application and use of tubular bars or rods of
metal, and the thermal treatment thereof for the general purposes to which
ordinary solid thermal tensional rods are usually applied. Such bars or rods
are employed under circumstances wherein great tensional strains are required
to act through limited spaces, such as in the restoration of the vertical position
of walls, beat being applied to the bars to expand or elongate them when
their ends are screwed hard up, and they are allowed to cool. The contractile
force arising from this cooling action acts with irresistible power in drawing up
the masonry to its normal position, and setting the building fair and square.
Now, according to the present Invention, tubular bars or rods are used, so
that the heating and the cooling thereof may be most effectively and expe-

page_text: ditiously carried out by conducting hot water, steam, or other fluid or aeriform
body through them. When the bars are to be cooled, the heated water is
passed off, and cold water or the atmosphere alone is allowed to enter. In this
way the required alternations of elongation and contraction are most easily and
effectively accomplished. The same arrangement is obviously applicable in
situations where the elongating action affords the actual working power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING A PARTICULAR GREEN COLORING MATTER FROM ARTICHOKES AND THISTLES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Auguste Verdeil at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1856.
1, FRANÇOIS AUGUSTE VERDEIL, Medical Doctor, residing at No. 30, Ruo
St. Sulpice, in the City of Paris, in France, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING A PARTICULAR GREEN COLORING
MATTER FROM ARTICHOKES AND THISTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in extracting a green coloring matter from artichokes
and thistles by the following process:-The plants are to be cut into small
pieces, or bruised and soaked in water, and while so soaking, or afterwards, the
liquid is to be raised to the boiling point. The liquid being pressed out from
the plant, is then to be filtered, and carbonate of soda or other alkali added,
the liquid being constantly stirred. If desired, the fluid may be evaporated to
dryness, the concentration being conducted in shallow pans at a low tempera-
In place of obtaining the coloring matter by evaporating to dryness, it
may be precipitated from its solution by alcohol or other spirit, or by acids, or
the liquid may be allowed to ferment before evaporation. When a lake is to
be obtained from the green color, a solution, containing alumina or tin, is to be
added to the solution of coloring matter. The coloring matter is applicable to
all purposes of printing, dyeing, and painting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENE- RATING AND EMPLOYING STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1856.
I, WILLIAM PARSONS, of Pratt Street, Lambeth, Manufacturing Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENE-
RATING AND EMPLOYING STEAM IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in generating and employing
steam in steam engines. For these purposes a boiler of a peculiar construc-
tion is employed, so arranged that the products of combustion may be with-
drawn by pumps actuated by the pistons of steam cylinders put in motion by
steam generated in the steam boiler, and such products of combustion are by
the pumps forced into the water contained in the boiler, and the steam, having
worked in the cylinders which actuate the pumps, is worked by expansion in
the same or other steam cylinders. The details of the construction of the steam
boiler and of the steam machinery for carrying out my Invention may be
varied, but the arrangement and combination which I prefer are as follows:-
The steam boiler furnace is made with a series of vertical tubes in the roof, up
which the products of combustion rise and enter a horizontal flue which is above
the furnace, and such flue diminishes in dimensions as it proceeds towards the
back of the boiler. The furnace or fire box, the tubes, and horizontal flue are
all below the water line of the steam boiler. The products of combustion are

page_text: received into a branch pipe, which communicates with two pumps, which are
actuated by a crank shaft put in motion by the pistons of two steam cylinders.
The two pumps are immersed in water to prevent them becoming too highly
heated, and the water thus heated is used to supply the steam boiler; the
two pumps force the highly heated products of combustion into the boiler near
the bottom. The steam thus used for actuating the pumps is further used
expansively, either in the same cylinder which work the pumps, or in other
steam cylinders.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PREPARATIONS OR PRIMINGS USED FOR PREPARING CANVASS, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIAL FOR THE RECEPTION OF PIGMENTS OR COLORS
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Alfred Pontifex and
William Needham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd April 1856.
We, EDMUND ALFRED PONTIFEX, of Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, and WILLAM NEEDHAM, of Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PREPARATIONS OR PRIMINGS USED FOR PREPARING
CANVASS, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIAL FOR THE RECEPTION OF PIGMENTS OR COLORS,"
to be as follows:-
We propose to take the spent wash of distilleries, brewers yeast or grounds,
or the resinous or glutinous matter produced in the preparation of flax, either
separately or in combination, and after discharging therefrom any impurities or
substances that may be therein contained inimical to the purposes of our
Invention, we use the liquid or semiliquid so obtained in combination or
otherwise with white or red lead, or the other ingredients ordinarily used by
painters and others for primings and first coatings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM OR AIR IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Silvester at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1856.
I, JOHN SILVESTER, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF STEAM OR AIR IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in a novel mode of applying steam or air on one
end of the piston of steam or air engines while a vacuum is simultaneously
being formed on the other end thereof, for which purpose I employ an
extra slide valve of peculiar construction, and also affix an air valve at
each end of the cylinder. My improved slide valve is placed under the
present ordinary slide valve, and is so constructed, that while the piston is at
work, the valve by cutting off the air allows a vacuum on the end of the
piston opposite to that making the forward stroke, or vice versa. It is
requisite also to have at least one air valve at each end of the cylinder to
allow the requisite escape to maintain the vacuum, as in the common marine
engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BARLEY CHOPPERS & OTHER MACHINES FOR WINNOWING OR SEPARATING GRAIN, & IN THE ARRANGEMENT & COMBINATION OF THOSE MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Adcock and William Baker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 9th September 1856.
I, EDWARD ADCOCK, & I, WILLIAM BAKER, both of Comberton, in the
County of Cambridge, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BARLEY CHOPPERS & OTHER MACHINES FOR WINNOWING
OR SEPARATING GRAIN, & IN THE ARRANGEMENT & COMBINATION OF THOSE
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in barley choppers relate, first, to the action of the
chopping instruments, which are driven by cranks, so actuated by the moving
parts of the machine, that simultaneously with the action of chopping they
receive a lateral motion, which carries the grain under operation forward, &
causes it to be delivered & to make room for the advance of another portion of
grain to be operated on next. We use this barley chopper separately, or
in combination with a winnowing machine, which is so constructed & arranged
that the riddles (which are placed in a box or frame) & screen may readily be
removed, & the machine used as a grain separator alone. When the winnowing
machine & the barley chopper are combined, the grain as it is brought in a
rough state from the threshing machine is fed into the hopper at the top, &
after being operated on by fan blast & riddles, falls on the slide box, & then on

page_text: an inclined screen, by which it is conveyed to the barley chopper. The barley
chopper is placed under the cylinder case of the fan. When the machine is used
for winnowing alone, the driving cranks of the barley chopper are detached by
taking out two keys & its fixing screws, when the chopping box may be
removed; the screen & shoot are then adjusted to deliver the grain on the
floor. In removing the hales or beards from barley, heretofore it has been
usual to do so by transferring the grain from the winnowing machine after the
chaff has been removed to a machine known as a barley hummeller, or to
effect the operation by hand chopping; whereas, according to our Invention,
we render the whole one continuous operation, & cause the apparatus of the
winnowing machine & barley chopper to be connected & work simultaneously.
The several processes of chaffing, riddling, & chopping are successively
effected without the intervention of removal by hand, & the whole apparatus
caused to work as one compact machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, DYEING, OR. IMPREGNATING FABRICS, YAENS, AND THREADS, AND IN PREPARING METALLIC AND OTHER POWDERS TO BE USED FOR THESE PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Gerber at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July 1856.
I, JEAN GERBER, of Mulhouse, in the Empire of France, Chymist, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, DYEING, OR.
IMPREGNATING FABRICS, YAENS, AND THREADS, AND IN PREPARING METALLIC AND
OTHER POWDERS TO BE USED FOR THESE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in printing woven fabrics with a metallic powder
mixed with a suitable vehicle, such as albumen. The Invention also consists
in a method of preparing certain metallic and other powders suitable for
printing or dyeing fabrics and yarns.
To obtain the powder of tin, a solution is taken of the sulphate, hydro-
chlorate, or other salt of the protoxide of tin; the tin is then precipitated by
plunging plates of zinc into the solution in the usual well-known manner.
But what is new and indispensable for the success of the process, is, that the
liquid or the plates must be kept in a state of strong agitation till all the tin
is precipitated. It is then suffered to stand, the supernatant liquid is
decanted, and the powder is washed several times with water; a certain
quantity of alkali, soda, potash, or ammonia is then added to the washed
powder. This addition of an alkali to the metallic powder is new, and
necessary for the success of the process.

page_text: The powders of copper and bismuth are prepared in the same manner; but
as these metals are sensibly dissolved in alkalis, I substitute for these, in the
last operation, the sub-borates, and especially the sub-borate of soda or borax.
As the powder of copper oxydises readily, it must be dried sheltered from the
contact of air, or in a current of hydrogen gas, or of any other gas not pos
sessing an oxydising property; it is then raised to a high temperature, and
after this operation the air has no longer any influence upon it.
The sulphurets, phosphurets, cyanurets of lead, copper, bismuth, and other
metals are obtained in the moist way by processes well known in chemistry;
but in this state, or when dried at an ordinary temperature, they are not
easily susceptible of taking a metallic, nacreous, or silky lustre. In order to
give them the desired quality, I have found it necessary to heat them to a
high temperature, but not high enough to melt or agglomerate them; in
this state they possess all the properties of the simple metallic powders.
The Invention also consists in a method of giving a lustre to the yarns after
they have been printed or dyed. The yarn, while still moist, is caused to pass
round rollers heated by steam, or otherwise; in which rollers are formed
V-shaped grooves; the yarn afterwards passes between bands of leather, and
by the friction of these bands of leather the metallic lustre is obtained.