AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OIL OR FATTY MATTER FROM COTTON OR WOOLLEN WASTE, SHODDY, MUNGO, RAGS, AND ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES BY MEANS OF SULPHURET OF CARBON
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Otto Heyl, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, Manufacturer, for the Invention of, "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OIL OR FATTY MATTER FROM COTTON OR
WOOLLEN WASTE, SHODDY, MUNGO, RAGS, AND ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES BY
MEANS OF SULPHURET OF CARBON."
Sealed the 24th December 1867, and dated the 29th June 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Otto Heyl at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1867.
I, CHARLES OTTO HEYL, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OIL OR FATTY MATTER FROM COTTON
OR WOOLLEN WASTE, SHODDY, MUNGO, RAGS, AND ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES BY MEANS
OF SULPHURET OF CARBON," to be as follows:-
The waste being put into closed vessels or tanks, and the sulphuret of
carbon introduced therein. from below, the sulphuret passes up, through the
waste, and escaping at the top travels through distilling apparatuses and is.
again collected in the original reservoir. To complete this process of.
extraction I propose to discharge the volume of sulphuret with which the,
waste is last charged, and to force it out at the bottom of the tank by means,

page_text: of a jet of steam entering at the top of the tank, and at the same time to pass
a current of air through the tank by means of a pump; the waste will then be
taken out and the operation renewed in the same manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Otto Heyl in the Great Seal. Patent Office on the
27th December 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
OTTO HEYL, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven,-in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Otto Heyl, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Otto Heyl, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Otto Heyl, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OIL OR FATTY MATTER FROM
COTTON OR WOOLLEN WASTE, SHODDY, MUNGO, RAGS, AND ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCES BY
MEANS OF SULPHURET OF CARBON," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Otto Heyl, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Otto Heyl, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawing hereunto annexed
and forming part of this my Specification, and to the figures and letters of
reference placed thereon, Fig. 1 being a section of one of the vessels in which
the extraction is effected; Fig. 2, elevation of a series of extraction vessels

page_text: with their cocks and tubes; Fig. 8, plan of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, section at X, Z,
Fig. 7, shewing combined apparatus in end elevation; Fig. 5, vertical section
and plan of distilling apparatus detached; Fig. 6, side elevation in section
at V, W, Fig. 7, shewing relative position of various parts of apparatus,
and Fig. 7, ground plan of same, similar letters denoting similar parts
in each of the Figures respectively. D,-signifying' steam; L, air; S, sul-
phuret; 0, oil; and W, water; the letters L, D, B, et cetera, denoting the
vessels.
I will first describe the apparatus. The reservoirs A, B, D, F, H, are
cylinders of wrought iron closely riveted, that A being the highest, B, D, a
little below and both on the same level, and those F, H, far enough below to
receive fluids coming from the bottoms of the vessels C, C, C³, C³, and so on
indefinitely. The vessels C, C, and so on (see Figs. 1 and 3) are intended
for the extraction of the oil or fatty matters from the waste or other substance.
They are of wrought iron with steam jackets, are closely riveted. and to be
closed by covers tightened' by screw bolts on leaden washers. The vessels
C, C', et cetera, will be set in line (as shown) or in circle according to the
shape of the premises, the number of vessels it is desired to employ; and the
space required for lifting the covers and the contents of the vessels. The
covers are simply moved aside by the aid of a revolving crane with lifting
screw, but the contents of the vessels are raised by ordinary lifting mechanism
or by a piston (working in a cylinder by steam, water; or atmospheric
pressure) into the head piece or filling ring C (see Fig. 1). After an
extraction has been effected the vessels C³, C³, et cetera, are also refilled from
this head piece C, the contents of which loosely put in are tightly compressed
four times in the vessel beneath. These lifting machines (especially that for
filling and emptying the vessels C¹, C³, et cetera,) are moveable, and are used
for all the vessels.
.
1.
The following partial description of my process explains the employment of
the tubes and cocks shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3 in connection with the
extraction vessels C¹; C, et cetera. From the vessels C, C, and so on the
bisulphuret of carbon (herein-after simply termed sulphuret) mixed with the
extracted fat or oil passes to the reservoir D, and from thence alternately to
the stills E or E, shewn detached at Fig. 5. The stills E, E, are of wrought
iron' with double bottom and steam jacket sides. The chambers formed by
the 'double bottom and sides 'do not communicate with each other, and are
furnished with separate cocks c, d, for the entrance of the steam. Inside the
stills are two wormis, one of which is closed and provided at e¹ with. an
opening for the escape of the steam, the other worm 'f is perforated. The

page_text: At the
separation of the sulphuret from the oil or fat is obtained by steam.
commencement of the operation the steam enters only by the worm e; a little
later, however, it enters between the double sides at c, later again it enters
at d into the double bottom of the still, and finally completes the separation
or distillation of the sulphuret when there is a strong pressure of steam
passing through the perforated worm f directly into the oil or fat itself. The
liquid thrown up during the- distillation into the vessel G flows back into the
still E by the small tube k. The still E¹ is constructed in a precisely similar
manner. The sulphuret vapours pass through the tube h to the worms
G, G, (set in the water tank F filled with cold water by the pump M,
Fig. 6,) are then condensed and run off to the reservoir H. The reservoir F
receives the sulphuret issuing from the extraction vessels C, C³, et cetera;
L is a double-action pump, and K a gasometer to receive the atmospheric air
and-sulphuret vapours-which accumulate during the process in the reservoirs
A, B, D, et cetera. As this air contains vapours. of sulphuret I cause it to
pass (under the action of the air pump L) through one of the vessels C, C,
et cetera, filled with oily wool (or other fatty substance under treatment),
and by this means retain all the sulphuret, the air issuing free from
smell.
Having described the construction, and partially the purpose of the appa-
ratuses indicated by A, B, C, C³, et cetera, D, E, E, F, G, G, H, J, K,
L, M, and their accessary parts, I will now proceed -to-a description of the
entire process.
.
pump
L exhausts
The sulphuret is put into the reservoirs F, H, and the air
the air from A, forcing it through B to F, H, and causing the sulphuret to
rise into A. From A the sulphuret flows to B. The extraction vessels C¹, C³,
et cetera are filled with cotton or woollen waste, or any analogous or vege-
table substance from which oil or fatty matter is to be extracted, and the
extraction begins by the sulphuret flowing out of B through the cock a¹ on
the extraction vessel C (see Fig. 2), and by the tube 6¹ to the cock c
Through the cock the sulphuret is admitted into the vessel C³, rising in
which it extracts the oil or fatty matter from its contents, passes on by the
cock a² and tube 6 to the cock c³, enters the extraction vessel C³ (also from
the bottom) and so on successively to the last of the extraction vessels.
From the last of the vessels (see C, Fig. 2,) the mixture of sulphuret and
oil passes through the cock and tube p (or through the tube 6" to C²) to
the reservoir D (see Fig. 4), the air pump L (Fig. 6) exhausting the air out
of A (connected by a tube with D), and thus causing the rising of the
mixture.. As soon as the reservoir D is filled it discharges itself alternately

page_text: into the stills E or E¹, where (as previously stated in describing the appa-
ratus) the separation of the oil and sulphuret is effected. The oil freed from.
sulphuret runs out at the lowest part of the stills E, E, to outside tanks.
The sulphuret passes out of E, E³, through the worms G, G¹, in the water
reservoir F, and accumulates in the reservoir H. From H the sulphuret is
drawn into A by the air pump L, and flows from thence into B to be again
employed.
As soon as the sulphuret escaping from C appears colourless (easily
ascertained by means of pieces of glass tubing let into the tubes 62, b³, et,
cetera, and secured therein by means of india-rubber rings placed between the
glass and the metal tube so as not to be injured by contact with the
sulphuret) the extraction of the contents of C is complete. Having shut off
the cock and opened the cock g³ (leading to the tube h, h,) by a suitable
turn of the three-way cock a³ the further entrance of sulphuret into C* is
stopped, and the sulphuret passes by the tube 6s directly to the cock c³. The
sulphuret now passes on to C³ without passing through C and the cock 6,
and five minutes later the steam cock f" are opened and give entrance to the
air L from L and to the steam D from the boiler. The cocks f* although
shewn on the Drawing are not required. Through enters the air drawn
from A and forced through B to the vessel C, and through f³ enters a jet of
steam. Acted upon by the air and the steain the sulphuret contained in C'
passes through the cock g³ and tube h, h, to the refrigerating worm G³, where
the vapours of sulphuret and the steam are condensed and flow into the
reservoir F, whilst the air is exhausted without intermission from F to A, as
previously described. The sulphuret condensed in F and the water (condensed
steam) are also subsequently drawn into A and discharged into B, the
sulphuret to be used again, but the water flowing away. The other vessels
C, C, and lastly C³, are worked and their contents freed from oil or fatty
matter precisely as described in relation to C. The vessel C³, the contents of
which (freed from oil and from sulphuret) are now ready for removal, is at
once emptied, refilled, and again put into connection with the other extraction
vessels,
The construction and arrangement of the extraction vessels may be so
regulated as to permit working indifferently with one or more or all of the
vessels in varied succession, in which case, however, the cocks c, c³, ‹³, cª,
must be three-way cocks, and be connected by a tube running parallel
with h, h, (to prevent confusion the Drawing only shews ordinary (one-way)
cocks, and does not show this tube).
The tubes on the opposite side of C, C, et cetera, are only water con-

page_text: ducting tubes for refrigerating purposes, entering the steam jacket at g
(Fig. 1), and having their outlet at r.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the means by
which I carry it into practical effect, I would here observe that I do not limit
myself to any precise dimensions of apparatus or parts of apparatus, or to the
use of any particular metal or material in their construction (except as regards,
the-glass-tubing let into the tubes 63, 63, et cetera), using that which I find
most suitable for my purpose, nor do I confine myself absolutely. to the precise
details herein set forth and shewn, as modifications may be made thereiu-
without substantial departure from my Invention, and that I claim, the
exclusive use of the improved method herein described of extracting oil or
fatty matter from cotton or woollen waste and other substances by means of
sulphuret of carbon, together with the combination of apparatus by which my
improved process is carried into effect, taken as a whole, and substantially as
herein set forth and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing; and
I also claim independently of such combination, but substantially as herein set
forth,-
1. The combined use of steam and air for the purposes of separating
the sulphuret from the waste or other substance without injury to such
substance.
2. The use of. oily or fatty waste wool or analogous substances to collect
and recover from the atmospheric air such vapours of sulphuret as. may become
mixed with it.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Otto Heyl, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December,. in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
C. O. HEYL.
L.S.)