matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BREWERS AND DISTILLERS' GRAINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Milburn and William
Henry Baxter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd February 1866.
We, ROBERT MILBURN, junior, of Tulse Hill, Brixton, and WILLIAM
HENRY BAXTER, of Elm Cottage,. Brixton Hill, both in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BREWERS AND DISTILLERS' GRAINS," to be as
follows:-
In carrying out our improvements we first dry the fresh grains in chambers.
heated by hot air, or otherwise, by preference we draw off from these chambers
the moisture evaporated during the heating by fans or other exhaust apparatus
so as to facilitate the drying process. When the grains have been dried we
reduce them to powder or small particles by grinding or crushing. The result
obtained by the grinding or crushing we then sift so as to separate the finer
particles from the larger thereof, or from any refuse that may be mixed with
it, and by preference we employ a series or succession of sieves of different.
degrees of fineness. The product obtained contains a large amount of
nutritious matter, which may be preserved and used when required either
alone or combined with other matters as an article of food for animals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN ENGINES FOR USE THEREON
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dunn Gainsford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
August 1866.
I, WILLIAM DUNN GAINSFORD, of Darnall Hall, Sheffield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAYS AND IN ENGINES FOR USE THEREON," to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in railways and in engines
for use thereon. In order to obtain great adhesion between the tyres of the
driving wheels of the engine and the rails on which they run I employ flanges
on each side of the wheel, and these flanges are inclined in such manner that
the bead of the rail becomes nipped between them; so far the arrangement is
not novel, but heretofore no convenient method has been suggested to enable
engines so constructed to pass round curves without throwing a heavy strain
on the axles.
Now, according to my Invention, in laying railways on a curve I make
the head of the rail on one side of the curve narrower than the head of the
rail on the other side; so that whilst the double flanged wheel on one
side of the engine is biting firmly on the broader rail the narrower rail on the
other side is not bitten by the other wheel, but is entering freely between its
flanges and is bearing on the face of the tyre; the driving wheel on this side
of the engine is therefor free to slip on the rail, and no undue strain is thrown

page_text: on the axle; or in some cases I lay the railway in the ordinary way both
around curves and elsewhere, and I construct the locomotive engines for use
thereon with double flanged driving wheels so arranged that the driving wheel
on one side is able to turn independently of the one on the other side. The
driving wheels on the two sides of the engine may be driven independently by
separate steam eylinders.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Lamb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1866.
I, EPHRAIM LAMB, of 54, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain simple combinations and arrangements
of mechanism whereby fire escapes can be constructed which will possess
great efficacy. The apparatus may be described as consisting of two sides
formed respectively of bars of wood, or iron, or other suitable material, the
respective bars of each side being connected by means of two or more levers
centered by their ends thereto in a manner similar to that employed in the
construction of the ordinary parallel rules, thus allowing the bars to be
separated from each other to any desired distance, regulated by the length of
the levers; one of such compound bars is placed on each side of a vertical
series of windows, one portion of each set being firmly attached to the building
and the other being free to move outwards upon the centres of the connecting
levers. By increasing the lengths of the latter in a given ratio from the
upper to the lower portion of the apparatus, the outer bars upon being
separated from the vertical bars attached to the building will assume an
inclined position, the lower ends resting on the ground, and thus giving
rigidity to the apparatus, and steps or treads being extended between and
connected with each of the moveable bars a ready means of descent and
ascent is afforded in cases of fire. The apparatus may if desired be fixed

page_text: between or at the side of any vertical series of windows, in which case small
platforms or balconies are formed in connection with the apparatus for the
purpose of enabling persons to reach the latter from the windows; such plat-
forms or balconies may be made stationary, or they may be constructed with
joints so as to fold up against the building or against the apparatus before
described when not required for use; the several portions of the compound
bars respectively are brought into immediate juxtaposition to each other, the
apparatus being closed and opened by means of chains, or ropes, or levers
connected with the moveable bars and actuated in the interior of the building,
or elsewhere as may be desired, by a winch and spindle, or by any of the well-
known contrivances adapted to the purpose. Chains may if desired be
employed instead of the moveable portions of the compound bars, the same
being held in position by means of transverse levers as before mentioned.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND DIES FOR TAPPING AND CUTTING SCREWS, AND MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July 1866.
I, WILLIAM ADKINS, of the Lion Works, Heathmill Lane, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Screw, Stock, and Die Manufacturer, and
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND DIES FOR TAPPING AND CUTTING SCREWS, AND
MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN EFFECTING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
Instead of facing the cut line of a tap parallel or nearly so with its axis,
as now commonly practised I purpose making the cut line of a. spiral form
more or less angular, but I believe a half turn will be found sufficient. By
this improvement the work of tapping will be done with more precision,
regularity, and speed than can be effected by ordinary taps for these reasons,
that the bite of the thread of the tap is progressive, and the cutting edge
acute instead of at right angles, whilst the particles removed from the part
tapped by the progressive turning in of the tap will gradually work up the
spiral grooves, and thereby clear the said tap and prevent the ordinary clogging.
Secondly, my improvements consist in fashioning the lower end of the tap
with two or more cutting edges like a drill, that as the tap is driven into the
hole as a plug at the first start, and then turned as the draught is imparted
from the thread to the part to be tapped, so the cutting edges on the lower
end of the tap regulate and clear the hole in the nut for the thread to follow

page_text: up
and complete the work. The angular or spiral cutting face that I apply
to my improved taps I also apply to my dies about the same angle or line of
obliquity or spiral direction; these taps and dies I purpose using and applying
not only as hand appliances for tapping and screwing, but also for tapping and
screwing by machinery, for which latter purpose they will be found highly
efficient. The manner in which I effect this improvement in taps and dies
is by causing the tap or die, with a holder and face properly divided, to revolve
as a cutter advances (which may be effected by well known appliances in
connection with an ordinary lathe) to remove the steel from the spiral grooves
intended or desired to be cut, the angle being defined by the degree or part
of a circle the holder is made to turn during the time the cutter advances to
remove the metal. This improvement more particularly applies to taps, but
as before mentioned dies may be similarly treated; a spiral face in dies may
be so produced, notwithstanding from the thinness of the dies these angular
face lines may be conveniently otherwise formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Pyne Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1866.
I, EDWARD PYNE LANE, of Fosse Farm, Whitnash, in the County of
Warwick, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to reaping machines as generally constructed,
wherein the grain is cut by oscillating knives acting in front of a delivery
board or platform, and is intended to facilitate the collection and delivery of
the grain, and to prevent the liability of the knives to become choked by the
accumulation of grain or refuse matter thereon, which frequently happens with
reaping machines of the ordinary construction, and also to save time and
dispense with a considerable amount of the manual labor or assistance which
has hitherto been necessary for preventing the knives and their adjuncts from
becoming clogged, and for clearing the same from time to time when thus
unavoidably clogged.
The Invention consists in placing a flap or ledge immediately over the
knives and slightly raised above them. This flap or ledge extends the whole.
width of the machine, and projects partly over the knives and partly over the
front edge of the delivery board or platform, part of which latter is removed
so as to leave a space between it and the back of the finger bar. The back-
ward edge of the flap or ledge fits in a groove in the delivery board or platform,
and its two ends are provided with pivots working in holes or slots in the side

page_text: framings or cheeks of the machine, so that it can be raised or lowered so as
to suit its position to the nature of the crop to be cut. The grain as it is cut
by the knives falls direct upon this flap or ledge instead of upon the knives,
and is thereby conveyed to the delivery board or platform, being entirely pre-
vented from falling upon and choking the knives, whilst soil or other refuse
matter with which the knives may come in contact will pass over the latter
and through the space above mentioned.
THE ELASTIC TUBULAR INDIA-RUBBER AIR-CHAMBERED PANNELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Julian Clairmonte at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1866.
I, ADOLPHUS JULIAN CLAIRMONTE, 7, Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE ELASTIC TUBULAR
INDIA-RUBBER AIR-CHAMBERED PANNELS," to be as follows:-
These pannels are formed by a congeries of india-rubber tubes with one or
more air chambers running through them, and which may be covered either
separately or wholly with leather or woollen or cotton cloth, as may be
required.
These pannels are to be applied to the pannels of saddles, the pannels or
cushions of horse collars, breast plates, and breast bands, and for pads and
numbners for placing under saddles for both riding and for harness; and,
further, for application to the cushions of and seats to railway and other
carriages; to chairs, sofas, and seats of all kinds, and to beds and pillows.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA FROM COMMON SALT
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Weldon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1866.
I, WALTER WELDON, of Park Villa, West Hill, Highgate, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA FROM COMMON SALT," to be as
follows:-
the
I first decompose chloride of sodium instead of by sulphuric acid, as in
process at present in general use, by oxalic acid. I then decompose
the resulting oxalate of sodium with either the oxide, hydrate, or carbonate
of calcium, or the oxide, hydrate, or carbonate of any other metal which
forms with oxalic acid a compound sufficiently insoluble in water to permit
of the oxide, hydrate, or carbonate of such metal separating oxalic acid
from an aqueous solution of oxalate of sodium when treated therewith by
ebullition or otherwise, and I finally recover the oxalic acid from the in-
soluble or but sparingly soluble oxalate thus obtained by treating the said
insoluble or but sparingly soluble oxalate with sulphuric acid or any other
suitable reagent. I find that when this process is conducted with sufficient
care the loss of oxalic acid is so minute as to permit of soda being obtained
by this process much more economically than by the method at present
in use.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS, SHOES, AND KNIVES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Samuel Mordaunt
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th September 1866.
I, REGINALD SAMUEL MORDAUNT VAUGHAN, of 54, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS, SHOES, AND KNIVES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain combinations and arrangements of
mechanism whereby the operations of cleaning and polishing boots, shoes,
and knives are accomplished with great facility. The apparatus employed is
constructed and arranged as follows:-To the lower end of a vertical shaft
a circular disc is attached eccentrically so as to revolve therewith as herein-
after mentioned. The disc is placed in the interior of a rectangular box of
wood, cast iron, or any other suitable material, such box, together with the
other portions of the apparatus, being supported by means of suitable framing,
in which are placed slides or other analogous contrivances, in or upon which
the before-mentioned rectangular box can work as herein-after mentioned.
Upon the vertical shaft being caused to rotate by means of wheels and gearing
actuated by any suitable motive power (as well understood) the revolution of
the eccentrical disc will be effected, and the rectangular box moved thereby
alternately backwards and forwards with any desired degree of rapidity.

page_text: For the purposes of cleaning and polishing boots and shoes, brushes of any
suitable form and of any desired degree of hardness are attached to the lower
surface of the rectangular box, such brushes being affixed to the same so as
to be readily removeable for the purpose of substituting brushes of a different
character. For the purpose of supporting the boots and shoes when being
cleaned or polished rests, bars, or sockets, the height and position of which are
capable of being adjusted and regulated by means of screws or other contrivances
adapted for the purpose are employed. The boots and shoes should of course
be placed upon trees or lasts previously to being submitted to the operation
of the apparatus. For cleaning knives a board provided with a suitably
prepared face is attached to the lower surface of the rectangular box, another
board being adjusted at the requisite distance below and parallel there-
with. The knives are placed upon the lower board upon which they are
retained in position by sockets or other analogous contrivances, and upon the
motion being given to the rectangular box the knives will be cleaned and
polished on one side thereof, the operation being completed by turning the
knives and submitting them to the like process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR PINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Trotman, John Trotman"
and Thomas John Cole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th March 1866.
We, ADOLPHUS TROTMAN, JOHN TROTMAN, and THOMAS JOHN COLE, all of
Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey, Hair Pin Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR
PINS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention applies first to hair pins which have in themselves a
tendency to spring open at the points, and so keep in the hair. They are
usually made with heads in a loop form, the limbs approaching close together
or nearly so at the termination of the loop, but spreading from thence; this
loop head may be of any form, round, oval, rectangular, or otherwise; and
our improvement consists in winding a small wire helically round the wire of
the pin forming the loop or head where it is fixed, which imparts to the limbs
of the hair pin a much stronger tendency to open and so hold itself more
firmly in the hair; the head has further a more ornamental appearance, and
affords a better hold in placing or withdrawing the pins. Hair also enters
the loop between the limbs and is held firmly therein by the coiled wire. We
apply a similar loop head to single pins, that is with one limb, which affords

page_text: better hold in the fingers for such pins, together with a better appearance.
Wire may be similarly coiled round the loop or head part of hair pins for the
purpose of giving them great tendency to contract or come together, and
thereby keep in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STREET CABS AND HARNESS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Cole at the Office of the -
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1866.
I, MAURICE COLE, of Paston Hall, in the County of Northampton, but now
residing at Stranraer, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STREET CABS AND HARNESS
FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the carriage traffic in the
streets of large and crowded cities. This I propose to effect by the use of a
novel construction of cab, which when the horse is harnessed thereto will
occupy little if any more street room than an ordinary cab without horse or
shafts. I build the cab after the pattern of the hansom so far as the outline is
concerned, but I divide it longitudinally or make it double bodied, so as to
leave a free space under the roof of the cab to receive the horse, the seats
for the passengers will thus be on either side instead of as heretofore behind
the horse. The axle is cranked at its ends which are fitted with wheels of
the ordinary diameter; it is also bent at its middle so as to form an arch
over the back of the horse. The cab I provide both at back and front with
shoes a few inches from the ground, the former to prevent the horse from
rearing and throwing the cab backwards, and the latter to prevent the horse

page_text: from falling. This arrangement of cab protects the body of the horse from
the weather, but leaves his head and legs free for action. In order to harness
the horse to this cab, which has no shafts, the arch of the axle is fitted with a
vertical screw pin, which passes through the axle and enters a tapped hole in
a plate rivetted to the iron tree of the ordinary pad. Projecting from the
upper part of the axle is a steel arm, which is secured by a removeable cross
pin to the head of the hames. Short draught traces attached to the hames
are secured to the axle, and breech traces are also secured in like manner.
The bridle and reins will require no change, except that the latter will lead
under the roof to the driver at the back of the cab.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OR STRAINING LIQUIDS, AND FOR WASHING AND WRINGING CLOTH, RAGS, AND SIMILAR TEXTILE AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Wahab at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1866.
I, CHARLES JAMES WAHAB, of Valleyfield, North Britain, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OR STRAINING LIQUIDS, AND FOR WASHING AND WRINGING
CLOTH, RAGS, AND SIMILAR TEXTILE AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for removing, 1st, the suspended impurities from dirty water; 2nd,
the foreign bodies or polluting substances from cloth, rags, and fibrous sub-
stances; and, 3rd, the superfluous water from these or similar substances after
being washed, all of which purposes would by its adoption be effected in a
simple and expeditious manner. This apparatus consists in every case of a
hollow cylinder which is caused to revolve on its axis, and inside of it there is
a spiral blade (or blades) which cause the substances to be purified or
wrung to traverse horizontally through the cylinder; this spiral blade may be
continuous, or it may be in segments, or there may be several blades, and it
may be attached to the inside of the hollow cylinder and made to revolve with
it, or it may be detached therefrom, and either kept stationary, or an altogether
independent and even contrary rotatory motion (from the cylinder) may be
imparted to it. For filtering water the inside of the hollow cylinder should
be lined with very fine wire cloth which will form the filtering medium, and

page_text: the spiral blade may be kept stationary inside of it, and should be armed along
its edge with a soft brush like fringe, either of bristles, whalebone, india-
rubber, or other suitable substance which will keep the filtering medium clean
and unobstructed. For washing and wringing the cylinder must be covered
(internally) with wire cloth or netting for a much larger mesh, such as will be
sufficient to retain the smallest pieces of the substance to be washed or
wrung, but will afford a free egress to all foreign bodies and water. In washing
the water (or other liquid or solution) will be best applied in the form of a
copious shower, but if it is desired to pass the substance through a tub full of
standing water it is only necessary to shorten the spiral blade or blades at
their outgoing extremities and to draw them nearer the axle of the apparatus,
which will cause them to scoop the substances up from the tub and deliver
them out of the cylinder above the water. The cylinder should revolve slowly,
and the spiral blade should be attached to the inside of it. For wringing the
apparatus must be made strong as the cylinder must revolve at a high velocity.
The spiral blade or blades should be stationary but of strong material.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL BOLTS AND RODS FOR SHIPBUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boggett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1866.
WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Lindsey Row, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL BOLTS AND RODS FOR SHIPBUILDING AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The primary object of this Invention is so to shape three segments of a rod
longitudinally that when placed together and passed between rollers the
pressure shall compress them inseparably together into a solid cylindrical bolt
suitable for use in shipbuilding and other purposes, the inner segment or
core being composed of iron or steel enclosed by the other two segments in
a coating of copper, as shewn in the Drawing hereunto annexed. The core
at both ends of the bolt is however composed of copper or brass, with a view to
protect the iron from oxidation..
Rods of various shapes can in like manner be made as previously described
with other combinations of metals.

page_text: Longitudinal Section, of bolt or rod after being drawn
AN IMPROVED METHOD OP AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE MOVING OF MOULDS AND THE DRAINING OP SYRUP FROM THE SUGAR SOLUTIONS AND SUGAR IN THE SAID MOULDS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Vickess at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1866.
I, SAMUEL VICKESS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Sugar Refiner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OP AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE MOVING OF MOULDS AND THE DRAINING
OP SYRUP FROM THE SUGAR SOLUTIONS AND SUGAR IN THE SAID MOULDS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to lessen the amount of hand labour at present
necessary in moving moulds in sugar houses, to prevent spilling and waste of
sugar from the said moulds after filling, to enable the moulds when filled to
be readily got into position and left at rest so as to allow the draining away
of the syrup to take place; and to allow the different qualities of syrup or
drainings from the moulds to be conveyed away when desired to proper and
separate receptacles. On the floors of the rooms or places where the moulds
are used I fit or place lines of rails or ways, turntables, and carriage carriers,
and provide suitable carriages, each constructed to carry a number of sugar
moulds, to run thereon; these mould carriages are fitted with wheels
suitable for the form of rail or way and have guides or supports to maintain
the moulds in proper vertical position, the lower ends of the moulds project
through the bottom of the carriages, the sides of which are made vertical or
nearly so, so that a large number can be packed closely together and space
economized. After a carriago load of properly plugged moulds has been
passed into the fill house and the moulds filled they are run into the drying

page_text: or working off rooms, into position, where, alongside the rails or ways, and
under the carriage, gutters or runs are disposed or placed to convey away the
syrup which drains from the mother liquor or sugar in the moulds. These
gutters or runs consist of grooved pieces of metal or other material placed
at a slight incline, and in rows, so that one gutter or run serves for a line of
several moulds resting in their carriage just over them; the lower ends of
the gutters or runs discharge into main gutters common to many of the
shorter ones and the former lead to receptacles to receive the syrup. When
it is desired to collect the different qualities of syrup in separate receptacles
"swivel end piece," or a system of taps, both of which are well known,
could be used. It will be obvious that "drip pots' could be used in
combination with the moulds, but this arrangement could not be worked so
economically as the gutters or runs above described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS. IN. WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Pearson, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS. IN.
WEARING APPAREL."
Sealed the 13th July 1866, and dated the 5th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1866.
I, EDMUND PEARSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN.
WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
"My improvements in wearing apparel are designed for the purpose of
enabling the wearer to more readily adjust and firmly secure the garment to
which they are attached about the person, and the Invention consists in
securing to the ordinary side seams of the trousers or waistcoat,, or to any
other suitable and convenient place, one end of a web or belt, one on either

page_text: side the garment, a short length of the opposite ends of these belts is arranged
and constructed so as to be of an elastic nature, and their extremities are
provided with a buckle and eye, thus when the two are secured together by
means of the said buckle the elastic medium of each belt gives a slight, firm,
and comfortable yield that adapts and suits itself to the action of the wearer,
thus securing in the case of trousers such garment without the aid of other
suspenders as now employed. If desirable the whole length of belt may be
made of elastic material, the feature of the Invention consisting of the
employment of elastic or other yielding material for the purposes herein-before
described.
AN IMPROVED CRANK FOR SINGLE OR DOUBLE PURCHASE CRABS OR WINCHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denis Calnon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1866.
I, DENIS CALNON, of Commercial Road, in the Parish of Saint George's-in-
the-East, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CRANK FOR SINGLE OR DOUBLE PURCHASE CRABS
OR WINCHES," to be as follows:-
On the end of the spindle to which the crank is usually affixed I secure a
bar, or a disc, or lever wheel. Near the point at which it is so affixed I attach
the crank handle to the said bar, or disc, or lever wheel by means of eye bolts
or other suitable attachment, through which the crank passes. One of such
eye bolts or other attachment is used as a fulcrum, so as to obtain the required
leverage. The end of the crank is steadied by passing through a similar eye
bolt or attachment, or more than one may be used when the crank is lengthened.
In the bar, disc, or lever wheel, above referred to, I have a hole situated at a
certain distance from the point of attachment, into which a stud projects which
is secured to the crank and presses down the bar, or disc, or lever wheel when
the end of the crank is raised in being turned. In this way the crank handle
absolutely revolves on a point not coincident with the spindle of the crab or
winch, but a double purchase and an increase of power is obtained in conse-

page_text: quence of the additional length of the crank beyond the point of attachment
and the purchase brought on the end of the stud when the crank handle is
raised. If found advisable the point from which the leverage thus obtained
is taken may be varied by lengthening the bar, or disc, or lever wheel and
extending the crank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS, AND IN MOULDS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
February 1866.-A communication from abroad by Francois Antoine
Marie Boué, of Versailles, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS, AND IN MOULDS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows:-
In casting in sand the mould after every casting requires to be reformed.
Now the first part of this Invention consists in the employment exclusively
of cast-iron moulds for casting articles, a number of which of the same form
is required; these cast-iron moulds have one or more cavities of the desired
configuration, into which the metal is run without any intervention of sand.
The moulds are in two parts, but in order to prevent the rupture of the
article which is being cast, owing to the contraction of the metal, I lift the
upper mould box immediately after the running in of the metal; the con-
traction then takes place freely at the surface of the article, and rupture is
thereby avoided. The lifting of the upper mould box to give freedom to the
upper part of the piece being cast is important, for otherwise the cast-iron
mould not yielding on account of the rigidity of the metal the effect of

page_text: contraction would act upon the casting, which would thereby be ruptured or
broken.
The second part of this Invention relates to casting hollow or tubular
articles. It has been observed that the contraction of the piece in course of
being cast is exerted from the circumference towards the centre; there is
therefore no objection to the employment of a metal mould for the exterior
of a pipe, column, or other hollow article. But it is different with regard to
the inner mould or core; as the effect of contraction is exerted thereon it is
necessary for it to be of a substance which will yield to the effect of con-
traction of the metal, for if the pipe or other hollow article were cast between
two rigid surfaces it would be ruptured. I therefore employ an inner mould
or core of sand; thus I run the molten metal between an outer mould of
cast-iron and a central core of sand. The outer mould box is in two parts,
connected together by superposition, clamping, or hinges. These improvements
are applicable to casting all fusible metals.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR DETECTOR FOR RENDERING SAFES SECURE FROM BURGLARY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Hosking at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1866.
I, ALBERT HOSKING, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR DETECTOR FOR RENDERING SAFES SECURE FROM BURGLARY," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in establishing a communication between the safe
and an instrument attached to the window or other part of the front of the
shop, warehouse, office, or other premises where a safe is used.
The main feature of this Invention is the employment of lights so arranged
as to be strikingly visible from the exterior of the building, certain conditions
of which lights represent at all hours the state of the safe. This is effected
by means of a lamp having three bull's-eyes, two of which are of colored glass;
behind each bull's-eye an ordinary gas burner is placed, and behind each
burner a powerful reflector. Intermitting rays from the outer (colored) bull's-
eyes are obtained by the employment of ordinary clock work machinery, which
lowers and raises the flame or light behind each bull's-eye thirty times a
minute, thus affording sixty alternate streams of light from the two. The
clockwork gives motion to two ordinary gas taps or cocks, which supply gas
to the two outer burners respectively. The relighting is effected by intro-
ducing into the pipe just below the burner an independant stream of gas,
which stream is in no way dependant on the revolving taps, nor is it in any

page_text: way effected by it. The result is that when the gas is entirely cut off from
the burners by the revolution of the tap the smaller stream admitted
below the burner keeps up a minute flame which ignites the full stream of
gas released by the revolution of the tap. The existence of these inter-
mittent lights in conjunction with the third (and steady) light indicates the
security of the safe, and contrarily the extinction of these lights will con-
stitute a signal of danger. That portion of the apparatus placed within the
safe is of the simplest character, and occupies so little space that the ordinary
arrangements of a safe are not interfered with. It consists of a spring placed
within a tube passing through the bottom of the safe, and having direct com-
munication with the lamp by cat-gut, which passing around the gas tap within
the lamp causes on the release of the spring the instant extinction of the three
lights, followed immediately by a prolonged glare of magnesium light obtained
by use of magnesium wire fed forward by rollers and ignited by a fourth and
'independant jet of gas. The cat-gut communicator is conveyed through a
steel tube, which is itself enclosed within the gas tube supplying the burners
within the lamp, so that any attempt to disarrange the apparatus would but
precipitate discovery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH STEAM BOILERS FOR REGULATING THE EVAPORATING POWER THEREOF, AND TO OBTAIN GREATER SAFETY IN THEIR USE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker and Thomas
Ferdinand Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th December 1866.
We, THOMAS WALKER and THOMAS FERDINAND WALKER, both of Oxford
Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED WITH STEAM BOILERS FOR REGULATING THE EVAPORATING POWER
THEREOF, AND TO OBTAIN GREATER SAFETY IN THEIR USE," to be as follows:-
We apply a cylinder packed at one end to slide upon another tube in con-
nection with the steam or water in the boiler; this cylinder is weighted to
the ordinary working pressure of the boiler, and when the pressure increases
above that desired the cylinder is caused to rise and may successively come in
contact with weights placed in position on shelves or ledges or on levers or
other supports in position for such extra weight to act upon or be moved in
the progressive movement of such cylinder according to the pressure obtained
in the boiler. In place of weights a spring or springs may be employed for
the
pressures desired. This cylinder is connected with the damper by chains,
links, or rods, aided by a lever or levers, if desired, so as to give motion to
and regulate it, and thereby the draught in the flue. In place of a cylinder
sliding on a tube, a plunger may be used packed by a stuffing box or gland to
slide in a cylinder in connection with the boiler, such plunger being con-
nected to the damper by chains, links, or rods, aided by a lever or levers if
desired.

page_text: The movement of the lever arm from the float in the boiler acts on a
spring valve to open a passage from the boiler through an external pipe to the
fire-place, so that when by deficiency of water in the boiler the float descends
to a level determined upon this spring valve will be opened to admit water
from the boiler by a pipe applied externally of the boiler direct to the fire-
place on to the fire with a tendency at once to reduce it or to put it out. The
valve is acted upon by a spring with a tendency to keep it closed with or against
the ordinary working pressure in the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPERHEATING STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS (CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Campbell Campbell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1866.
I, ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL CAMPBELL, of Blythswood, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Lieutenant-Colonel, late of Her Majesty's Scots
Fusilier Guards, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPERHEATING STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS (CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has principally for its object to economise fuel in con-
nection with steam engines by superheating the steam in a novel and
improved manner, and the Invention consists in superheating the steam in
one or more heated vessels or receivers which, instead of being in open or
uncontrolled communication (as superheaters hitherto have been) with the
boiler or vessel in which the steam is originally produced, are arranged so
that a higher pressure may exist within them than is in the boiler or
generator. The steam may be passed from the generator into the super-
heater by means of a force pump or through valves arranged to close
automatically when the pressure in the superheater is greater than that in
the generator. In the latter case, when the pressure in the superheater
becomes reduced from the consumption of steam in working the engine,
the valve communicating between it and the generator will open and admit
fresh steam, after which the increased pressure immediately caused by the
superheating action will close the valve again. These arrangements will

page_text: obviously permit of the steam being generated at a lower pressure than
that to which it is raised in the superheater, whilst the maximum pressure
will be confined to a comparatively small vessel, thus insuring greatly
increased safety. The superheating vessel or vessels may be arranged to
be heated by the same furnace or furnaces as the generating boiler or by a
separate furnace or furnaces.
The arrangement of the details is obviously susceptible of as many modi-
fications or varieties as are to be found amongst existing boilers and super-
heaters, but whilst in ordinary arrangements of boilers and superheaters
there is a passage between the boiler and the superheater which is always
open (when the apparatus is in use) for the free flow of the steam from the
boiler wherein it is generated or produced to the superheater, from which
it passes onwards to the engines, this Invention is carried into effect either
by using a pump, the suction inlet of which communicates with the boiler,
whilst the discharge outlet communicates with the superheater, or by
simply introducing a valve of any suitable known kind in the passage
between the boiler and the superheater, such valve being arranged (in a
well-known way) to open of itself towards the superheater when the pres-
sure therein is lower than in the boiler, and to close when the pressure in
the superheater is greater than in the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Albert Muntz at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1866.
I, PHILIP ALBERT MUNTZ, of Keresley, near Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the
manufacture of metal tubes, and is principally applicable to the manufacture
of tubes of alloys of copper and zinc. I conduct the manufacture of metal
tubes in the following manner :-I first cast a short thick tube in the ordinary
way; I next roll it flat in the ordinary way; I afterwards pass the flattened
tube through a pair of rolls having grooves semicircular in cross section, the
said rolls being provided with a mandril for opening the flattened tube. By
passing the flattened tube through the rolls last described it is directly converted
into a cylindrical tube; or the flattened tube may be partially opened by means
of rolls having semi-elliptical grooves in them, the longer axis of the ellipse
being in a plane perpendicular to the axes of the rolls. By these rolls the
flat-tube-is-opened-without the formation of fins. The elliptical tube is finally
passed through the rolls having semi-cylindrical grooves, and thereby made

page_text: into a cylindrical tube; I prefer, however,, to convert the flattened tube directly
into a cylindrical tube, as. previously described. The tube is annealed from
time to time, as may be required, but the whole of the rolling processes are
conducted while the tube is in a cold state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY. FOR MAKING BRICKS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING BLOCKS FOR BUILDING, OR FOR ARTIFICIAL FUEL, OR FOR. OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Alexandre Pierre Joseph Allemand
and Louis Gonzague Speyser at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd July 1866:
We, ALEXANDRE PIERRE JOSEPH ALLEMAND, of 12, Rue Saint Jean
Batignolles, Paris, Civil Engineer, and LOUIS GONZAGUE SPEYSER, of 20, Rue
du Four à St. Maur les Fossés près de Paris,. Geometrical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY.
FOR MAKING BRICKS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING
BLOCKS FOR BUILDING, OR FOR ARTIFICIAL FUEL, OR FOR. OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for making
bricks, which improvements are also applicable for moulding blocks for building,
or for artificial fuel, or for other purposes. The clay or material of which the
bricks or blocks are to be formed is placed in a hopper which is open at the
bottom, and the moulds in which the bricks or blocks are to be formed are
caused to pass in succession below the bottom of the hopper in order to be filled,
the moulds are for this purpose formed on trucks or carriages linked or connected
together so as to form an endless chain, and to this endless chain a continuous
motion is imparted. After the moulds have been filled with brick making or
other material from the hopper they are carried onwards until they are brought
under a roller which is pressed downwards towards the moulds by weighted

page_text: levers or otherwise, this roller by pressing down on to the top of the. materials
compresses them into the moulds. As the moulds move onwards beyond the
roller they pass below knives or scrapers which remove any excess of the
materials from above the top of the moulds, the materials in the moulls are
next subjected to pressure from below, each mould is for this purpose-provided
with a moveable bottom or piston capable of rising upwards into the mould,
and when the moulds have been moved past the knives or scrapers these
pistons are pressed upwards whilst at the same time the moulds pass under
another roller, the upper surface of the materials is by this means polished by
the roller at the same time that the pistons compress the materials from below.
After the moulds have been carried past this polishing roller, the piston of
each mould is by inclines caused to rise still further until the moulded bricks
have been entirely raised out from their moulds, a workman then lifts. off
the bricks, and the trucks pass back for the moulds to be again filled with
materials. This machine is also applicable for making blocks of any size and
form for building and for other purposes, tiles and patent fuel may also be
moulded or compressed by the machine, and other articles which may be
moulded to form by pressure.