Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1897-Accepted, 6th Mar., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
I, JAMES BOOKLER, residing at 1227 West Somerset Street, Philadelphia,
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Weaver, do hereby declare tho
nature cf this invention and in what manner tho same is to be performed, to be
partionlarly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to looms for weaving textile fabrics, having reference
more especially to looms for producing multiple-ply ingrain carpet; my aim herein
being to provide a construction whereby may be produced a thoroughly bound
fabric, free from pockets or unbound portions between the plies, and in which the
threads of one ply shall not appear on the face of the other excepting when such
threads are thrown thereto in the formation of a figure. This result is attained by
the crossing, in the interior of the fabric, of the warp-threads of the respective plies,
as will hereinafter appear.
In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, a
loom for the weaving of two-ply ingrain carpet is employed, the same being
equipped with two sets of peculiarly-constructed heddles for the respectivo plies, in
combination with means for "shogging" or laterally reciprocating said heddles, and
means for vertically moving the heddles of each set either singly or collectively, as
hereinafter described.
In the drawings
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the general arrangement and operation of my
improved heddles in respect to co-operating parts of a loom.
Figure 2 is a front olevation of a portion of a loom to which the invention is
applied.
Figure 3 is a plan or top view of the connected heddle-frames.
Figure 4 is an elevation, on an enlarged scale, of portions of the said frames with
the heddles therein.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section through the two sets of heddles showing the
warp set up therein and the heddles as "shogged" to cross the warp-threads.
Figure 6 is a perspective of a modified form of heddle.
Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams of fabrics which may be woven by a loom
embodying my improvements.
Figure 9 is a diagram similar to Figure 1 illustrating another modification
wherein the heddles in each frame are alternately invorted, so as to produce a
figured fabric.
A designates a portion of the main frame of a loom and B the harness, whereof
the two inner sets b, b¹ are represented as constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Briefly described, the harness used in the ordinary two-ply ingrain carpet loom
comprises four parts, each part being distributed across the loom by means of a
properly perforated strip of wood, termed a journal, such, for example, as
represented at in the drawings. The coupling, that is, the portion of the
harness extending through and below the journal, controls one warp-thread, such
coupling being connected by means of a leash with the Jacquard mechanism.
The several couplings are knotted on the upper face of the journal, so that, if the
journal be raised, the couplings, and perforce the engaged warp-threads, will be
simultaneously raised thereby, the haruess leashes becoming slack by this
movement.
In the journals which remain down, the couplings may be raised independently
of each other in prescribed order through the medium of the Jacquard mechanism.

page_text: The means herein illustrated for bodily raising the journal is of ordinary
Construction, that is to say, the journal is supported at each end upon a vertical
bar or link which is connected at its lower end with a bell-crank-lerer & that
is linked with a cam-actuated lever ', the cam therefor being mounted upon a
shaft that is properly geared with and driven from the main shaft of the
machine.
In carrying out my invention in a simple and efficient form, I substitute for the
usual couplings of the two innor sets of harness, whereof ono set is arranged in
advance of the other, two sets of heddles, C, C', which are mounted in horizontally
reciprocative frames D, D' respectively. These frames each comprise in their
construction two horizontal bars connected at their ends and maintained n
suitable distance apart by means of vertical bars d', the horizontal bars being
provided throughout their length with vertical spaces for the reception of the
heddles. The end bars of the two frames are connected with the respective arms
of horizontally-disposed rock-lovers which are fulcrumed on appropriate
brackets or supports d' on the sides of the main frame, to the cud that if oue frame
be moved lengthwise in one direction, the other frame will be moved in the opposite
direction.
Extending from one end of the heddle-frames is a rod, the outer end of which
is connected by means of a strap with an eccentric d'on a horizontally arranged
ebaft d which is driven from a suitable source of power. Hence, during the
operation of the eccentric, the two heddle-frames will be oppositely reciprocated
transversely of the loom. This reciprocating mechanism is used herein for
illustrative purposes only, it being obvious that various well-known reciprocating
means may be readily substituted therefor.
The heddles which are mounted in the abovo-described frames are capable of
vertical movement independently of each other, and they are connected with the
leashes by means of the strings extending through the usual journals, each set of
strings being knotted on the upper side of the journal so that, by bodily raising the
latter, the entire ect of connected heddles may be simultaneously lifted. The
heddles are provided at their lower ends with the usual weights, or "lingos
which tend to hold them normally down. By this construction it will be seen that
the heddles will be collectively and individually controlled similarly to the usual
couplings.
"
C₁
Each of the heddles in its preferred, though not essential, form comprises three
strips of motal, (1, 2, 3,) or other suitablo material. These strips are united at one
end, the central strip 2, being about one-half the length of the other or lateral parts
and constituting a needle through the eye of which passes a warp-thread, as will be
presently described. The free ends of the lateral strips 1, 3, are provided with
eyes 4 to permit the attachment of the "lingo" thereto, and the opposite end of
one of these parts is extended and provided with an eye 5 for connection with the
leash string.
The heddles of each frame, are mounted side by side therein, the strips of cach
heddle embracing the vertically-opposite division or space walls of the two
horizontal bars, which walls thus not only support and guide the heddles vertically,
but also, when the frame is "shogged move simultaneously therewith the entire
series of heddles.
"
It will be observed that the heddles in the two frames are oppositely-disposed,
that is, the needles in one set of heddles extend downward, while those of the other
heddles extend upward.
The foregoing is a description of my improvements as applied to an ordinary
loom. The operation is as follows:-
One set of warp-threads for one ply is drawn through the eyes of one set of
beddle-needles and through the elongated openings of the opposite heddles; one
set of warp-threade for the other ply is drawn through the eyes of the needles in the
heddles last-named and through the elongated openings in the other heddles, and
the remaining warp-threads for the respective plies are drawn through the outer

page_text: sections of the harness, as usual, and run between the adjacent heddles in the
respective frames. The warp having thus been set up, the loom is operated, the
heddle-frames, together with their beddles, being thereupon reciprocated
transversely of the machine, as above described. At the end of each stroke of the
frames, the heddles of each set may be raised simultaneously by the elevation of
the overhanging journal, or may be raised individually by the Jacquard mechanism,
as the nature of the fabric or the particular pattern may require.
up
In virtue of the horizontal reciprocating of the heddles, the adjacent warp-threads
which pass through the oyes in the needles of the respective heddles, are crossed
upon each other intermediate the two plies, so as to effect a uniform binding of the
plies throughout the length and breadth of the fabric; that is to say, assuming that
the four sets of harness occupy the relative positions indicated in Figure 1, the
beddle C in frame D being down, and the heddlo C' in the frame D' being the
two frames are shogged as described, the heddles therein remaining in the relative
positions indicated. The heddle C is then let down so that the thread in the needle
thereof is dropped below the eyes of the adjacent heddle-needles in frame D. This
being done, the heddlo C' is lifted, the warp-thread engaged thereby thus passing
under the eye of the needle of heddle C, and causing the warp-thread in the noodle
of one heddle to lap around and about the thread in the needle of the other
heddle.
The weft-threads are shot into the sheds in the usual manner, and, in
consequence, there is produced a fabric possessing the characteristics above
stated.
It will be seen, from the foregoing arrangement of my improved heddles, that
only the two opposite sets of warp-threads (one of each ply) are bound or crossed
in the interior of the fabric (see Figure 7) but it will be apparent that by
equipping the four sets of harness with my heddles, and shogging the adjacent
sets, there will be effected a binding or crossing of both pairs of opposite threads,
, one thread of one pair with one thread of the opposite pair, in alternate succession
(see Figure 8).
as tho
In the weaving of a plain or unfigured two-ply fabric with differently colored
faces, say one red and the other green, the heddles in each frame are simul-
taneously oporated independently of the Jacquard mechanism; and
warp-threads of the respective plies are bound together, by crossing each other in
the interior of the fabric, it will be obvious that the warp of one ply will not
appear on the face of the opposite ply.
Where the loom is designed to produce a figured fabric, the heddles in each
frame, instead of being arranged uniformly as above described, are alternately
inverted, as represented in Figure 9; that is, one needle points downward and the
next upward and so on alternately; the figuring warp being handled by the
alternate heddles. The heddles are independently controlled by the Jacquard
mechanism as usual, eo as to throw the figuring warp of one ply onto the face
of the opposite ply in a manner to effect the weaving of the desired pattern;
but such figuring warp at no other time appears upon the opposite face of the
fabric.
In Figure 6 is shown a modified form of heddle comprising a guide strip and a
laterally-disposed needle thereon. In this construction the heddles aro arranged
in reciprocative frames similarly to those above described, warp-threads of the
respective plies being likewise controlled and crossed by the action of the
needles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invet:-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination of a plurality of
sets of harness for the warp-threads of one ply, a plurality of sets of harness for the
warn throade of another to adineant gate thereof including boddlon

page_text: needles of one set are in advance of and oppositely disposed in respect to those of
the other set, and wherein elongated guide-openings are provided between tho
adjacent needles of each set so as to extend above and below the eyes of said
needles, and means for "shogging" said heddles, substantially as described.
2. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination of a plurality of
oppositely-disposed sets of independent heddles for warp-threads for the respective
plies, horizontally-reciprocative frames in which said heddles are guided and
supported, means for longitudinally reciprocating said heddles, and means for
shogging" the frames, substantially as described.
3. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination of two oppositely-
disposed sets of independent heddles for controlling warp-threads for the respective
plies, horizontally-reciprocative frames in which said heddles are guided and
supported, a lever connecting the ends of said frames, means for reciprocating
said frames, und means for longitudinally reciprocating said heddles, substantially
as described.
4. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination of a plurality of
oppositely-disposed sets of independont heddles for warp-threads for the respective
plies, horizontally-reciprocative supports for said heddles, means for longitudinally
reciprocating said heddles, and means for bodily "shogging'
the supports,
substantially as described.
"
5. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination of a plurality of
sets of harness for the warp-threads of one ply, a plurality of sets of harness for
the warp-threads of another ply, adjacent sets thereof including independent
heddles wherein the needles of one set are in advance of and oppositely disposed
in respect to those of the other sct, and wherein clongated guide-openings are
provided between the adjacent needles of each set of heddles, horizontally-
reciprocative supporting and guiding frames for the heddles, means for oppositely
reciprocating said frames, journals for the respective sets of heddles, connectious
between said heddles and the journals, and means for bodily raising the journals,
substantially as described.
6. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination, with the outer
sets of harness, of a plurality of intermediate sets of heddlos for controlling warp-
threads for the respective plies, the needles of one of said sets of heddles being in
advance of and oppositely disposed in respect to the needles of another set so us to
extend above and below the eyes of said needles, and guides being interposed
between the adjacent needles of each set, supports for said heddles, and means for
horizontally reciprocating the same, substantially as dosoribed.
7. In a loom for weaving multiple-ply fabric, the combination of a plurality
of sets of harness for the warp-threads of one ply, a plurality of sets of harness
for the warp-threads of another ply, said several sets being arranged in successive
order, and adjacent sets thereof including oppositely-disposed independent heddles
comprising each two outer guiding members with an iutermediate needle, means
for supporting and guiding said heddles, and neaus for "shogging" the same,
substantially as described.
-
1
SOAR
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.