Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 20th June, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of.
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by The Philadelphia Typewriter Company
of 728 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that class of typewriting machines known as wheel
typewriters and more particularly to such machines in which finger keys are
employed to turn the type wheel in either direction from a normal position of
rest and also to operate the hammer to make the impression and to control the
movement of the traversing-carriage for the paper. The invention consists of
certain improvements in the construction of such a typewriting machine, but
several features of the invention are also applicable to other styles or classes
of typewriting machines, as will be readily understood from the description
hereinafter given.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a wheel type writing machine embodying these
improvements but with the frame of the machine partly in section, on the line 1-2,
Fig. 2;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the machine.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section on the line 3-4, Figure 2;
Figure 3A is a perspective view illustrating the manner of adjustably securing
the pivot pieces to the key levers.
Figure 4 is a transverse section on the lines 5-6, Figure 1 but drawn to a
larger scale;
Figure 5 is a view of the parts to illustrate the manner of imparting movement
to the type-wheel from one of the key levers;
Figure is a sectional plan view of a part, corresponding with Figure 5;
Figure 5B is a plan view of the gear arms and pinion, drawn to a larger scale;
Figure 6 is a view illustrating the manner of operating the positioning devices;
Figure 6 is a detached, plan view of the positioning wheel;
Figure 7 is a plan view of the type wheel and ribbon wheels;
Figure 8 is a detached view to illustrate the means for raising and lowering the
type wheel to change from small letters to capitals or from figures to signs or
rice versa;
Figure 9 is a sectional view to illustrate the construction and operation of the
bell trip and mechanism for locking the carriage at the end of the line.
Figures 10 to 18, inclusive, are views of details of different parts of the
machine,
Figures 10 and 11 being views illustrating the action of the key levers and
rockers upon each other;
Figures 12 and 13 views partly in section illustrating the construction and
operation of the parts carried by the upper part of the carriage;
Figure 14 is a side view partly in section, Figure 144 a plan view and Figure 14B
a face view partly in section of the device for controlling the movement of the
feed rollers;
Figure 15 a view of the adjustable stop for the feed rollers;

page_text: Figure 16 a sectional view on the lines 7-8, Figure 2 drawn to a larger
scale;
Figure 17 a plan view of the adjustable back stop; and
Figure 18 a view partly in section, illustrating the shift key and its connected
parts.
In these drawings, A is the fixed frame carrying all the parts, C is the
traversing carriage containing the paper, and T is the type wheel which can be
rotated in one direction or the other from a normal position of rest by any
one of the several key levers K through mechanism which will be hereinafter
described.
The type wheel and key levers and intermediate mechanism, together with the
inking ribbon devices are mounted upon a frame A¹ which is supported, as at X
and X, upon the fixed frame A, and can have a limited horizontal sliding
movement imparted to it upon the fixed frame from and towards the carriage and
hammer. This movable frame is normally held in the position shown in
Figures 1, 2 and 3, by means of springs 10, but the said movable frame with
the type wheel and other parts which it carries, can, when desired, be drawn
backwards upon the fixed frame against the action of these springs a sufficient
distance to carry the type wheel away from the paper and enable the operator to
read the letter or letters which have been last printed upon the paper and which
would be otherwise out of sight behind the type wheel.
As a convenient means for drawing back this movable frame A¹, pins 11 are
provided on the sides of the fixed frame A, and against these pins or projections
on the fixed frame bear arms 12 on the opposite ends of a cross shaft 13 carrying
an arm 14, upon which bears the lower end of a headed push rod 15. When the
operator presses upon this rod 15 it will be evident that the carriage with the type
wheel and other parts is drawn back a sufficient distance to enable the impression
last made upon the paper immediately in front of the type wheel to be seen by the
operator and the carriage may be locked or maintained in this backwardly drawn
position by suitable means, as for instance by providing a pin or projection 16 op
the push rod 15 which is caused to enter a notch 17 in the frame A¹ when the push
rod has been pressed down and is then turned, this retaining device being in effect
like a bayonet joint (Figure 3).
The several key levers K have suitably marked finger keys f, the letters and
figures or signs being arranged by preference on what is known as the universal
key board system with a shift key, and in connection with these key levers there
is preferably the usual spacing bar B connected to the end levers K¹. The shift
key S is provided for raising and lowering the type wheel as usual to change from
lower to upper case or from numbers to other symbols, as is common in this class
of machines. In the machine shown in the drawing, the type wheel is intended to
be provided with two rows of type, but it will be readily understood that it may
be arranged for one or three, if desired.
Each of the key levers is pivotted upon the movable frame A¹ by means of a
pivot piece 20 (Figure 3A), which is like a saddle and rides upon a pivotal
projection 21 upon a cross piece 19 of the frame A'. This pivotal piece 20 is
adjustable to a limited extent upon each key lever K by means of a headed screw,
bolt 22 passing through a short slot in the key lever and threaded into the pivot
piece. The pivoting points of the several key levers are thus individually
adjustable. The key levers are normally held in the positions shewn in
Figures 1 and 3 by means of light springs 23 connected by wires 24 with the
key levers, a removable cross piece 25 being employed to limit the upward
movement of the key ends of the levers against the action of these springs 23.
As shewn in Figure 3, it is preferred to use two sets of spacing rods for the
key levers, a front set 26 under the cross section piece 25, together with a
back set 27.
In order to have the pivoting centres of the key levers and the pivoting centres
of the rocker bars R, R', which are operated by the cam ends of these key levers

page_text: in proper relation to each other, the inner ends of the key levers are formed with
a downward bend, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, and their extreme inuer or rear
ends are provided with upwardly projecting are-shaped cams k, which act upon one
For other of the two rockers R and R' to impart rotary movement to the type
wheel in one or other direction from its normal position. Thus one half the key
levers on the right of the machine act upon one rocker R, while the other key
levers on the left of the machine act upon the other rocker R', and the extent to
which the type wheel is turned in one direction or the other depends upon the
shape of the cam k at the end of the particular, key lever K moved by the
operator to bring the type on the wheel corresponding to that marked on the finger
key into position to let the hammer make the impression; thus each key lever of
the set on the right of the machine has a cam of a somewhat different shape
from each of the others in that set. Similarly each key lever of the set on the
feft of the machine has a differently shaped cam from each of the others in
that set.
Each rocker consists of a rock shaft 30 with downwardly extending arms 31
carrying rods 32 and 33 extending over the cam ends of all the key levers of the
corresponding set. The inner end of each rock shaft 30 carries a segmental gear
arm 34, extending upwardly and adapted to gear with a pinion 35 on the lower end
of the upright tubular shaft 36 carrying the type wheel T. This tubular shaft 36
turns upon a fixed axis or spindle 37 which is secured in or forms part of the
frame A', as shown in Figure 8. The type wheel T fits over the upper end of the
tubular shaft 36, so as to be free to slide longitudinally thereon, but is arranged to
turn with the shaft, preferably by means of a pin or pins 39 passing through an
opening or openings in the wheel T, this pin or these pins 39 being carried by the
positioning wheel 38, which is secured to the tubular shaft 36, as illustrated in
Figure 8. It will thus be readily seen that the extent to which the type wheel T
is turned in one direction or the other depends upon the extent of movement
imparted to one or other of the two rockers R, R', and that the extent of movement
of that rocker depends upon the shape of the cam k, and its action upon the
rods 32, 33 between which the cam of the operated key lever enters.
Each arc-shaped cam has several acting faces, performing, when in operation,
varying successive functions. Thus in the particular form of cam shown in
Figures 5, 10 and 11, when the key lever is first struck, the upper inclined cam
edge (Figure 10) comes into play by acting upon the rod 32 of the rocker which
is thus swung over. This has the effect of throwing the other rod 33 in under the
forwardly inclined face z of the are-shaped arm, and owing to the impetus which
has been given to the rocker, this rod 33 in turn, by striking upon this inclined
face (Figure 11) serves to carry the key lever to its complete movement, with
the parallel edges p p lying between the rods 32, 33, as shown in Figure 5. This
construction enables the machine to be operated with a very light touch. When,
as has been pointed out, the key lever is completing its movement, to operate the
hammer and make the impression, the parallel faces pp of the arc-shaped cam k
are moving forward between the two rods 32 and 33, and thus hold the type wheel
locked (Figure 5). Wher the key lever returns to its normal position the rocker
which has been moved returns to its normal position through the aid of the universal
bar U as hereinafter described. I also prefer to provide the cam & with another
cam face y (Figures 5, 10 and 11) at its entering end but reversely inclined to the
cam face. This cam y comes into play when in fast operating, a key is struck
before the rocker has returned to its normal position; then this cam y strikes the
bar 33 of the rocker and aids in returning the rocker towards its normal position,
and in guiding the newly operated cam in between the two bars 33, 32.
Each upwardly extending gear arm 34, when in its normal position, rests against
a stop 40 upon the frame A and is out of gear with the pinion 35. The forward
edge of each gear arın 34 carries an upwardly projecting finger 41, Figures 4, 5
and 54 which cooperates with a cross-piece 43 on the pinion 35 to return the pinion
and therefore the type wheel to its normal position of rest when the rocker is

page_text: returned to its normal position. This cross piece 43 projects into the path of the
finger 41 when the rocker returns to its normal position. Adjacent to the pinion 35,
and in this case immediately over it, there is a cap or segmental plate 42 with a
smooth edge overlapping or projecting slightly beyond the teeth of the pinion
around its circumference on one side of the cross-piece 43 (Figure 5A) so that when
one rocker is moved to turn the pinion, this cap or plate 42 will then lie in the
path of a laterally projecting finger 421 of the other rocker, which has not been
operated, and will prevent that rocker from being moved forward. Thus a key
lever of one set cannot be operated at the same time with a key lever of the other
set. It will be evident also that the varying shapes of the cams upon the key
.levers of each set would in their action upon the rocker rods 32, 33, prevent any
two key levers of the same set being operated at the same time.
The enlarged view, Figure 5B, shows the pinion 35 and gear arms 34 in their
normal positions of rest, with both arms out of, but ready to be thrown into, geár
with the pinion 35. For clearness the cap plate 42 on the pinion and the laterally
projecting fingers 42' cooperating therewith are omitted in this figure. It will be
seen that the forward face of the first tooth 341 of each gear arm 34 is bevelled off
and the face of the co-operating tooth 35¹ of the pinion is also bevelled off. The
reason for this is that when one gear is returning after the operation of one of the
keys, these bevelled teeth may allow the other gear arm to be thrown into gear
with the pinion to turn the latter, before the first-operated gear arm has reached
its position of rest; thus the speed capacity of the machine is increased. It will
also be seen that the tooth of the pinion next adjacent to the bevelled face of each
tooth 35 is bevelled to permit the gear arms to be thrown into gear with the pinion
more readily.
As has already been described, the arc-shaped cams k on the key levers not only
move the type wheel but thus practically lock the type wheel in the position to
which it has been moved at the moment when the hammer is making an impression
but inasmuch as there may be a certain small freedom of movement in the parts
between each key lever and the type wheel, especially after the machine has been
used some time, it is preferable to employ additional more accurate positioning
devices. These devices consist primarily of a positioning. wheel 38 with radial
notches flaring at their outer ends and in connection with this.wheel a vibrating
dog 51, which after the type wheel and positioning wheel have been brought to
proper position or about the proper position, is moved over to enter the notch in the
wheel opposite or nearly opposite to the said dog. In the present instance this dog
is pivotted at 52 to a fixed part of the frame and it is operated by a pin 54 on a
vertically moving rod 55 acting upon a projection 53 on the dog, as will be readily
understood on reference to Figures 5 and 6. This vertically moving rod 55 is
preferably connected with and operated through the medium of the universal bar U, as
hereinafter described. The dog 51 is provided with a downwardly extending arm,
against which the pin 54 on the operating rod can bear to keep the dog out of the
notches of the positioning wheel, until the required moment, when the pin 54,
'strikes the projection 53. It is preferred to provide this vertically moving rod 55
with an extended finger 56 which passes up behind the axis 52 of the vibrating
dog 51 and this finger has at its lower end a cam-shaped portion 57 which, coming
into contact with the axis 52 of the vibrating dog at the moment when the operating
rod 55 is completing its upward movement, gives to the said rod 55, a swinging
movement over towards the type-wheel shaft corresponding with the swinging
movement of the dog. As the dog and operating rod are thus caused to move
together without lost motion, the dog begins to be withdrawn from the notch of the
positioning wheel 38, as soon as the operating rod begins to descend. It is preferred
to construct the positioning wheel 38 as shown in the drawings so that the dog does
not finish its movement with a hard blow in the bottom of the notch.. Each notch
in the positioning wheel is in effect open at the back to admit of the edge of the
dog passing a little beyond the notch as will be readily understood on. reference to
Figure 6.
It is for this purpose that the wheel is made with its notched periphery

page_text: on a different plane from the adjacent portion of its body. This can be conveniently
provided for by stamping the positioning wheel out of sheet metal with an annular
recess adjacent to the radial notches.
The universal bar U normally rests upon the upper edges of all the key levers
near their cam ends and is carried by arms 60 connected to a pivoting bar 61.
The vertically moving rod 55 for operating the positioning dog is connected to one.
of these arms 60 as shown in Figure 3, and at the same point in the length of the
universal bar U there is pivotted to one of the arms 60, a link 62 connecting this
part of the mechanism with a vibrating lever 63 which operates the hammer and
also controls the movement of the paper carriage. By thus having the connections
of the positioning devices and the lever 63 with the universal bar at the same point
in the length of the latter (Figure 4) the move.nent of the positioning dog will
always be properly timed in relation to the feed of the carriage and operation of
the hammer. This vibrating lever 63 is fixed to an axis 66 mouated in bearings
in the frame, and is returned, after each movement, to its nonnal position shown in
Figures 1 and 3 by means of a suitable springs (Figure 16), which is thus at the
same time the means of returning the universal bar an.l its connected parts to their
normal positions of rest.
Connected with the universal bar U or to its arms 60 are two overhanging
fingers 64 (shown by dotted lines in Figures 1 and 3), which are adapted to
cooperate with and act upon arms 65, one connected to each of the rockers R, R¹,
so that, as before intimated, the universal bar U aids to return each rocker and
therefore also the type-wheel, to their normal positions shown in the drawings
after they have been operated. By adjusting the tension of the spring (Figure 16)
which thus acts indirectly upon the universal har, the key levers and typewheel
may be returned to their normal positions either sharply or lightly as may be
desired.
This lever 63 controls the movement of the printing hammer P through the
medium of a lever 67 pivotted at 68 to the saddle of the frame 69, in which
the hammer P, is guided and has a horizontal sliding movement (Figures 1 and 3).
So far as the present invention is concerned the construction and operation of the
hammer are not material features, but it is preferred to use a spring-operated
hammer released by a trigger which may be set in motion by the lever 67 in such
a manner that as each key is struck, motion will be transmitted through the
connections heretofore described, to the lever 67 to release the trigger and allow
its spring to throw the hammer forward and strike the paper against the type-
wheel. The preferred construction of these devices through which the lever 67
controls the hammer, forms the subject of a British Patent No. 2533 dated
February 5th 1894.
The travelling paper carriage C is preferably mounted upon antifriction
rollers 70 running in a trausverse V-shaped groove in the fixed frame of the
machine and a corresponding groove along the underside of the carriage, as
illustrated in Figures 1 and 3. The upper part of the carriage is guided by the
frame 69 which has a groove for the reception of a rod 71 mounted upon the
carriage. The paper feed rollers 72 and 73 are arranged at the forward edge of
the carriage towards the operator, the front roller 72 being mounted in fixed
bearings. The roller 73 is mounted in slots 74 in the carriage frame, or in
bearings in those slots. The feed roller 73 is pressed forward into firm frictional
contact with the roller 72 by means of spiral springs 75 (Figure 12) let into
openings for their reception in the upper part of the carriage frame. The springs
are adjustable by means of set screws 76 bearing on the rear of the springs.
To withdraw the roller 73 from the roller 72 for a sufficient distance to facilitate
the introduction of the paper into the carriage, the axis of the roller 73 is passed
through plates 77 guided upon the carriage frame and provided with rearwardly
projecting arms having teeth into which engage teeth or cams 78 upon the rod 71.
This rod is mounted to turn in bearings in the carriage frame and is provided at
one end with a handle or thumb nut 79 by which it may be turned. By turning

page_text: this guide rod 71 from the position shown by dotted lines in Figures 1 and 3, to
that shown in Fig. 13, and in the direction of the arrow, Figure 13, the roller 73
will be drawn away from the roller 72, a distance depending on the size of the
teeth or cams 78 upon the said rod, and can be retained in its backwardly-drawn
position by turning the rod 71 sufficiently far around (say a quarter turn as shown
in Figure 13) to carry the front edge of the teeth past the point of bearing upon
the teeth of the rearwardly projecting arms of the plates 77.
The diameter of the front roller 72 is reduced at a suitable point or points in the
length, as at 721, (Figures 2 and 16) in order that the operator may the more
readily see when the bottom of the sheet of paper is being reached.
To provide for varying line spacing, there is combined with the feed roller 73,
an adjustable device which is shown in Figures 14 and 15, and which will now be
described. The axis of the roller 73 is provided at one end with a milled head 120
(Figures 2, 144, 14%, and 16) by which it may be turned in either direction, and
also with a ratchet wheel 121 with which may engage a spring pawl 122 carried by
a spring pawl-carrier 123, pivotted at 123' to the frame of the carriage. Normally
this pawl carrier 123 is held in the position shown in Figure 14, by a spring the
pawl 122 being held away from the ratchet wheel by a stop 124 upon the frame,
acting upon an arm 1221 of the spring pawl 122. When, however, the operator
putting his thumb or finger upon the pawl-carrying lever 123, draws it forward in
the direction of the arrow, Figure 13, the pawl 122 is released from the stop 124
and is thrown by its spring into engagement with a tooth of the ratchet wheel 121
and can turn the feed roller 73 to a distance depending upon the extent of more-
ment of the pawl-carrying lever 123. The extent of this movement is determined
by an adjustable stop 125 (Figures 14 and 15) which in the present instance is
carried by a collar 126 upon the projecting part of a bearing 127 provided for that
end of the axis of the roller 73 (Figure 14B). This projecting part of the bearing
is provided with a notched disc 128 with which engages the spring pawl 129
normally locking the stop collar 125 to the bearing piece 127, but by withdrawing
the pawi 129, the stop collar can be moved round upon the bearing piece 127 to
bring the stop 125 to the desired position to enable the pawl-carrying arm and
pawl to turn the roller to the extent of one, two, three or more teeth of the ratchet
wheel 121 and thus give the desired line-spacing by correspondingly turning the
roller to feed the paper up from within the carriage.
It will be seen, however, that as the feed pawl 122 is normally out of engage-
ment with the ratchet wheel 121, the feed rollers can at any time be freely turned
by the operator in either direction by means of the thumb nut 120.
In order,
however, to insure the retention of the feed rollers in any position to which they
may be turned, there is provided a friction device in connection with one or other
of the rollers. In the present instance, there is shown this friction device as in the
form of a curved spring plate 731 (Figure 14B) interposed between the end of the
roller 73 and the adjacent plate 77.
The erasing table E is preferably carried by projecting arms 80 on the plate 77,
so that the erasing table moves backwards and forwards with the roller 73.
The scale rod 81 is removably mounted upon the frame of the carriage above
the printing point and closely adjacent to the erasing, table, short standards 82,
(such as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 12, and 13) being for this purpose provided upon
the carriage. The paper is introduced between the scale rod and the erasing table,
sufficient space for this purpose being provided when the erasing table is drawn
back with the rear roller 73, as already described, and as illustrated in Figure 13.
When the feed rollers hear against each other, the scale rod is closely adjacent
to the erasing table and the two hold the paper lightly between them, on a line
abcve the printing point, while the feed rollers hold the paper along a parallel
line below the printing point so that the portion of the paper being printed is
always held out flat in a plane parallel with the type face and hammer face.
The portion of the paper carriage which is intended to receive the paper is
provided preferably with a sheet metal body 83 arranged in a somewhat spiral form

page_text: as illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, to facilitate the curling up within the carriage of a
long sheet of paper when that has been introduced. To lessen the friction between
the paper and the carriage, it is preferred to make this sheet metal body corrugated,.
as will be understood on reference to Figure 2.
The desired feed movement may be imparted to the carriage in any suitable way
and in the drawings I have shown the carriage as adapted to be drawn from right
to left by means of a spring drum 84 (Figures 1, 2, 3) having the usual strap 85,
(indicated by dotted lines in Figure 2) connected to the carriage. The forward
movement of the carriage is controlled by any usual means, and in the drawings
.there is shown a well-known form of feed consisting of a rack 86 (Figures 1, 3
and 16) working in conjunction with feed dogs 87 (Figs. 3 and 16) which are shown
as carried by the shaft 66 of the lever 63, so that at each movement of this
lever 63, under the action of a key lever or space har, communicated through the
medium of the universal bar U, the dogs will be moved to allow the carriage to be
drawn forward by its spring to the extent of one tooth of the ratchet bar. This
ratchet bar 86 is pivotted to the lower part of the traversing carriage C, so that
when desired it may be moved out of gear with the feed dogs 87 to enable the
carriage to be moved backwards and forwards independently of the ratchet bar.
A convenient arrangement for swinging the ratchet bar out of gear with the feed
dogs consists of a curved lever 88 pivotted at 89 to one end of the carriage, and
having at its upper end a finger piece, whilst its lower end is adapted to act upon
an arm 90 carried by the axis of the ratchet bar 86, so that when the operator
presses upon the finger piece at the upper end of this lever to move it in towards
the carriage, the ratchet bar 86 will be thrown correspondingly in towards the lower
part of the carriage, free from engagement with the dogs 87.
In order to permit of the carriage being moved back a tooth at a time when
desired without requiring the operator to put his hands upon and adjust the
carriage, there is provided an extra key lever K2 which is pivotted to the movable
frame A' and which at its inner end acts upon a cam surface 91 upon a horizontal
sliding lever 92 (Fig. 16). This horizontal sliding lever 92 carries a pawl 93 which
can be brought into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet bar 86. Thus by
pressing upon the finger end of the lever K (Figure 2) its inner end will act upon
the cam surface 91 to draw the lever 92 in the direction of the arrow, Figure 16,
thereby throwing the pawl 93 up into engagement with the ratchet bar 86, the
sliding bar 92 being moved forward a sufficient distance, to draw the carriage
back to the extent of one tooth when it re-engages with and is held by the feed dogs.
With the travelling carriage there is combined a marginal stop 94 (Figures 16.
and 17) which can be adjusted to different positions to insure the starting of the
line of printing at the desired point, and this without operating a screw, as is
usual in typewriting machines. The stop 94 in the present instance is in the form
of a sleeve mounted upon a scale rod 96 (Figure 17) which has ratchet teeth upon.
one edge and into these ratchet teeth engages a spring pawl 97 carried by the stop.
An arm 98 on the axis of this spring pawl enables the operator to throw the pawl
out of engagement with the teeth on the scale rod and move the stop to the desired
position, as indicated by the scale numbers. The corresponding stop 95 (Figure 16)
upon the earringe which cooperates with the stop 94 on the frame is preferably
pivotted to the carriage, as shown in Figure 16, in order that by turning it up
out of the way, the carriage may be moved beyond the marginal point, when
desired.
The piece carrying the bell 100 and its trip 101 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) is mounted
upon a bar 102, which has a limited movement longitudinally in the fixed frame A
of the machine, for a purpose explained hereinafter. The bell with its trip is
adjustable longitudinally on the bar 102 to enable the bell to be arranged to be
struck at desired varying points in the length of the line printed. It is preferred
to make the connection between the bell and the bar 102 simply a firm frictional
connection such that while it will hold against any possible pull of the carriage
spring, yet the operator can by applying a little force adjust the bell to the different

page_text: positions upon the bar 102. A pivotted projecting finger 103 on the carriage
(Figure 1) with a thumb piece 104 is arranged to strike the bell trip when the
carriage comes towards the end of its movement.
There is provided upon the bell a stop projection 105 (Figure 9) which is
normally in the path of this finger 103 upon the carriage, so that the finger 103
coming into contact with the projection 105 after the bell has been struck will push
the bar 102 forward against the action of its spring 106 and as far as the limited
movement of the bar will allow. When the bar 102 has been pushed forward, its
projecting end will lie in the path of the lever 63 and prevent the vibration of the
latter, so that the machine is then locked and no key can be operated. By this
means unintentional movement of the carriage beyond a desired point and the
printing of letters one on top of the other at the end of a line are both prevented.
If it be desired to write beyond the stop, however, the thumb piece 104 is depressed
to raise the finger 103 free of the stop 105, and thus release the bar 102, which
under the action of its spring 106, at once returns to its normal position, so that
the writing can thus be continued to the furthest limit of the carriage movement.
To provide for throwing this locking device out of action, when desired, the stop
projection 105 is pivotted upon the bell-carrying piece, so that the projection 105
can be thrown up into the position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 9, out of
the path of the finger 103.
To raise and lower the type wheel T, the shift key S is provided as before
described; the inner end of the shift key lever is provided with a cam 110
(Figure 8) acting upon a downwardly projecting cam 111 upon a cross rod 112
mounted in bearings in the movable frame A. This cross rod 112 carries an
arm 113 which supports a lifting pin 114 passing up through the fixed hollow
spindle 37 upon which the tubular shaft 36 of the type wheel turns. The upper
end of the lifting pin 114 is split and has a notch 115 engaging with an internal
collar upon the extended hollow hub of the type wheel. A spiral spring 116
normally tends to press the lifting pin 114 downwards with the type wheel T
having its upper row of letters or figures in line with the printing hammer.
however the shift key lever S is pressed down, its inner cam end will act upon the
arm 111 to turn the shaft 112 and through the arm 113 raise the lifting pin 114,
and with it the type wheel upwards to a position determined by the adjustable
stop 117 carried by the arm 113, to bring the lower row of figures on the wheel
into position for printing.
When
In order to provide for keeping the type wheel elevated in the position shown
at Figure 8, without requiring the operator to keep his finger on the shift key,
there is an extra shift key lever S' upon the axis or shaft 112 which carries the
arms 111 and 113. By pressing down upon the end of this extra shift lever S¹
near the operator, the shaft 112 with its arms 111 and 113 will be moved to the
position shown in Figure 8, but the shift lever S not having been moved, a pivotted
locking cam or latch 118 will fall down as shown in Figure 8, behind the lever or
arm 111, to lock the arms 111 and 113 in the positions shown in Figure 8, with
the type wheel elevated. The locking cam 118 is supported in this locking
position by a pin 118¹ thereon resting on the shift key lever S and when it is
desired to lower the type wheel again, the key end of the shift lever S is pressed
down and this has the effect of raising the end of the locking latch 118 from
behind the arm 111, so as to release the latter and let the type wheel drop
again.
The extra shift key lever S¹ may be secured to the shaft 112 but I prefer to
mount it loosely upon the shaft and to connect it with a clutch-like or equivalent
connection (Figures 2 and 8) with the hub of the arm 111 which is fixed to the
shaft. Between the two parts of this connection there is a limited lost motion,
such that when the shift key S is operated, the extra key lever S¹ will not be
moved with it, the outer or key end of the lever S¹ being kept in the elevated
position shown by a suitable spring 109 (Figure 18).
The type wheel (Figure 8) is formed with a rim t of celluloid, rubber or other

page_text: suitable composition upon which the type figures or symbols are molded or
otherwise formed the said rim being fixed by clamping or otherwise securing it
between, or to, the flanged edges of two sheet: metal discs t't' secured to or
forming part of the hub t of the wheel. This forms a very light but exceedingly
strong form of type wheel, the flanges of. the sheet metal discs forming a metal
backing for the type on the rim.
This invention is not confined to any special form or construction of ribbon feed,
and in fact there are shown two forms of ribbon wheels in the accompanying
drawings.
In Figures 1, 3, 4 and 7, the preferred form is shown, while in Figure 2 there is
shown another arrangement of the ribbon wheels which may be employed if
desired. In the latter case the ribbon wheels are shown as mounted upon vertical
axes, while in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 7 the ribbon wheels are mounted upon horizontal
axes.
In the construction shown in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 7, intermittent feed motion may
be imparted in any suitable manner to one or other of the wheels according to the
direction in which the ribbon is to be fed. A rack 130 may be employed, mounted
upon the carriage C and gearing into a pinion 131 upon the short shaft which carries
at its opposite end a worm 132 gearing into a worm wheel 133 upon a movable
clutch 134. This clutch may be thrown into gear with either the right hand
ribbon wheel 135 or the left hand ribbon wheel 135', as will be readily understood.
These ribbon wheels 135 & 135' are mounted with a firm frictional fit upon the
opposite ends of the shaft, carrying the clutch 134, the ends of the shaft, as shown
in Figure 7, being slightly tapered and the central openings in the wheels being
correspondingly tapered so that either wheel may be readily slipped onto or off the
shaft, and yet when pressed on to the tapering end of the shaft will be secured
thereto with a firm friction.
The ribbon passing from each wheel passes over flanged conical guide rolls 136
and thence across the front of the type wheel T, being preferably guided by two
fingers 137 upon the removable ribbon guide 138. Additional fingers 140 of
different heights from the ribbon-guiding fingers 137 are provided to indicate
where the bottom edge of a printed line comes, in order that the operator when
feeding back a sheet of paper to make a correction in any given line, for instance,
may thereby be accurately guided in getting his alignment. A thin guard
plate 141 is also provided to lie between the ribbon and the paper to prevent
smudging of the latter, the usual opening being provided in this guard plate to
enable the hammer to strike against the type ribbon and type. This guard
plate 141 is carried by the removable guide 138 which is held by headed'pins 142
upon a projecting plate 143 in the upper part of the frame of the machine. These
headed pins entering suitable slots in the guard plate 138 permit the latter to be
lifted out when desired, as will. readily be understood on reference to. Figure 4,
where the dotted lines show the guard plate as being lifted out.
It is to be understood that in this Specification the term type-wheel is used in a
sufficiently broad sense to include various forms of type-wbeels, such for instance
as those made in segments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained. the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that.what I
claim is :-
1. A wheel typewriting machine; having a frame; key levers, type wheel,' 'and'
impression hammer, and travelling carriage, the part of the frame upon which the
type-wheel is mounted to be turned; being movable upon the main fixed frame from
and towards the carriage to draw the type wheel back from its normal position to
expose the impression upon the paper, substantially as described.
2. A typewriting machine having a fixed frame with a travelling carriage thereon,
a type-wheel, key levers for rotating the type wheel, and a frame adapted to have.
a limited movement imparted to it upon the said fixed frame, from and towards the.
B

page_text: carriage, the said movable frame carrying both the type wheel and key levers,
substantially as described.
3. A type writing machine, having a fixed frame carrying the travelling carriage
and impression hammer and a frame adapted to have a limited movement imparted
to it upon the fixed frame from and towards the travelling carriage, the said
movable frame carrying the type wheel and operating keys, substantially as
described.
4. A wheel typewriting machine having a fixed frame carrying the travelling
carriage and impression hammer with a frame free to have a limited movement
imparted to it, upon the fixed frame and carrying the type wheel and operating key
levers and universal bar in combination with a link and lever connection from the
universal bar to the carriage and hammer mechanism, substantially as described.
5. A wheel typewriting machine having a fixed frame carrying the travelling
carriage and impression haminer with a frame free to have a limited movement
imparted to it upon the fixed frame and carrying the type wheel, operating key
levers and ribbon wheels, substantially as described.
6. A wheel typewriting machine, having a fixed frame carrying the travelling
carriage and impression hammer with a frame free to have a limited movement
imparted to it upon the fixed frame and carrying the type wheel, key levers for
rotating the wheel and a shift key for raising and lowering the type wheel, all
substantially as described.
7. A wheel typewriting machine having a fixed frame, carrying the travelling
paper carriage and impression hammer with a frame movable upon the fixed frame
and carrying the type-wheel and key levers and means for withdrawing the movable
frame with its type wheel back from the carriage and for locking it in its withdrawn
position, all substantially as described.
8. A wheel type-writing machine having a fixed frame carrying the travelling
paper carriage and impression hammer with a frame movable upon the fixed frame
and carrying the type wheel and key levers, springs for keeping the movable frame
up towards the carriage and a push rod and intermediate devices, substantially
as described, for drawing the said movable frame back from the carriage, all
substantially as described.
9. A typewriting machine having a frame and type wheel and a series of key
levers pivotally mounted upon the frame with means for adjusting their pivoting
centres to vary their rotative effect upon the type-wheel, substantially as
described.
10. A type-writing machine having a frame and type wheel and a series of key
levers provided with pivot pieces adjustable upon the key levers longitudinally
thereof to vary their rotative effect upon the type-wheel, substantially as
described.
11. A typewriting machine having a frame provided with a series of pivotal
projections, a type-wheel and a series of key-levers having adjustable saddle-like
pivot pieces adapted to ride upon said pivotal projections, to vary their rotative
effect upon the type-wheel, substantially as described.
12. A wheel typewriting machine, having a type wheel and a series of key-
levers having cams and devices whereby these different cams impart different
extents of rotary movement to the wheel and means for individually adjusting the
pivoting points of the key levers, substantially as described.
13. A wheel typewriting machine, having a type-wheel and a pair of rockers to
turn the wheel in either direction from a normal position, each rocker having a
pair of bars, in combination with key levers having cams to pass between the pair
of bars of one or other rocker to turn the type-wheel, and when the cams have
eutered to bear against both of the said bars and hold the type-wheel, substantially
as described.
14. A wheel typewriting machine having a type-wheel and two rockers, one on
one side of the type-wheel and the other on the other side to turn the wheel in
either direction from a normal position, each rocker having a pair of bars in

page_text: combination with a series of key levers having arc-shaped cams to enter between
the bars of one or other of the said rockers, substantially as described.
15. A wheel typewriting machine having a type wheel, carriage and hammer
and a rocker to turn the type-wheel in combination with a key lever having a cam
with two faces, one to act upon, and the other to be acted upon by the rocker,
substantially as described.
16. A wheel typewriting machine, having a type wheel and a rocker to turn
the type wheel, the said rocker having a pair of bars in combination with a key
lever having an arc-shaped cam with a face, such as z, to act upon one bar and a
face, such as, to be acted on by the other bar, and parallel faces to enter between
the bars, substantially as described.
17. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel, carriage and hammer with a
pair of rockers to turn the type-wheel and a series of key levers formed with a
downward bend towards their rear or inner ends and having upwardly projecting
cams at their rear ends to act upon the rockers to turn the type-wheel, substantially
as described.
18. A type writing machine having a type-wheel, impression hammer and
carriage with rockers. to turn the type wheel key levers to act upon the rockers
and a universal bar carrying fingers to act upon the rockers to return the latter
and the type-wheel to their normal positions after the operation of a key, all
substantially as described.
19. A type-writing machine having key-levers, type-wheel and positioning
devices for the latter with an impression hammer and travelling carriage, a lever
controlling the hammer and carriage and a universal bar to which the said
lever and the positioning devices are connected for operation, substantially as
described.
20. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel, a rocker to turn the type-
wheel, a notched positioning wheel moving with the type-wheel and key levers
having two feed-cams to act on the said rocker, in combination with a vibrating
dog to engage with the positioning wheel and a universal bar having a rod to act
on the vibrating dog, substantially as described.
21. A type-writing machine having a positioning wheel moving with the type-
wheel and key levers to turn the latter in combination with a vibrating dog and an
operating rod for the dog and means for imparting first a longitudinal and then a
swinging motion to the said rod to first lock and then operate the dog, substantially
as described.
22. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel and a positioning wheel moving
with the type-wheel and key levers to turn the latter, in combination with a pivoted
vibrating dog to engage with the positioning wheel and an operating rod for the
dog, having a pin to engage the dog and a finger bearing on the pivot of the dog
with a cam-shaped end, substantially as and for the purpose described.
23. A positioning wheel for a type-writing machine stamped out of sheet metal
with its notched periphery on a different plane from the adjacent portion of its
body, in combination with a holding dog, adapted to enter said notches without
striking the bottom of the notch at the completion of its movement, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
24. A positioning wheel for a type-writing machine of sheet metal with a
radially notched periphery and an annular recess adjacent to the radial notches in
combination with a holding dog adapted to enter said notches without striking the
bottom of said notches on the completion of its movement, substantially as and for
the purpose described.
25. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel shaft provided with a pinion and
a pair of gear arms engaging with the pinion, the first engaging tooth of each gear
arm and the corresponding teeth of the pinion being bevelled, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
26. A wheel type-writing machine having a type-wheel shaft provided with a

page_text: pinion and a pair of gear arms engaging with the pinion, the first engaging tooth of
each gear arm and the corresponding teeth of the pinion being bevelled, as also the
faces of those pinion teeth which are adjacent to the bevelled faces of the first
mentioned pinion teeth, substantially as and for the purpose described.
27. A type writing machine having a rotating tubular type-wheel shaft and a
type-wheel movable longitudinally thereon with a fixed spindle upon which the shaft
turns, substantially as described.
28. A type-writing machine having a rotating tubular type-wheel shaft and a
type-wheel movable longitudinally thereon with a fixed spindle upon which the shaft
turns and a lifting pin passing through the fixed spindle to raise and lower the
type-wheel, substantially as described.
29. A type-wheel formed of a rim of moulded composition a hub and two sheet
metal discs having flanged edges between which the rim is secured, said flanged
edges forming metal backs to the rows of letters on the rim, substantially as
.described.
30. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel and lifting pin therefor, in
combination with two shift key levers to operate the lifting pin, one lever
having a cam and the other having an arm upon which the cam acts with a latch
adapted to enter behind the arm, when the latter is moved by its key lever, and
keep the type-wheel raised, until the cam is moved. to free the latch, all substantially
as described.
31. A type-writing machine having a type wheel and lifting pin therefor in
combination with two shift key levers to operate. the lifting pin, one lever having
a cam and the other having a lost motion connection with an arın upon which
the cam acts with a latch to lock the type-wheel in its raised position, substantially
as described.
32. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel operating key levers.therefor,
and a universal bar, with an impression hammer, a travelling carriage, a lever
controlling the feed of the carriage, and the operation of the impression hammer,
and positioning devices for the type-wheel, the said lever and the rod controlling
the said positioning devices being connected to the universal bar at about the
same point in the length of the bar, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
33. A type-writing machine, having a travelling paper carriage with anti-
friction rollers upon which the carriage travels and a hammer saddle by which the
upper part of the carriage is guided, substantially as described.
34. A type-writing machine having a travelling paper carriage with anti-friction
rollers upon which the .carriage travels, and a hammer saddle grooved for the
reception and guidance of a longitudinal rod upon the upper part of the carriage,
substantially as described.
35. A paper carriage for a:type writing machine having a pair of feed rollers,
one iu fixed bearings and the other movable from. the first, with springs to press the
rollers together, the said movable roller carrying backwardly extending arms with
teeth and a rotary rod having cams or teeth to draw the spring-pressed roller back,
substantially as described.
a
36. A paper carriage for a type-writing machine having pair of feed rollers
one in fixed bearings and the other movable towards and away from the
first, with an erasing table carried by the movable roller, substantially as
described.
37. A paper carriage for a type-writing machine having a. pair of feed-rollers,
one in fixed bearings and the other movable towards and away from the first,
with a scale rod carried by the carriage fraine, and an erasing table movable with
the movable roller, substantially as described.
38. A type-writing machine, having a type wheel and hammer, a universal bar
and travelling carriage with a hammer operating lever pivotally connected with the
universal bar a sliding bar in the frame carrying a projection adapted to be struck

page_text: by the carriage at a desired point in the latter's traverse to throw the sliding
bar into the path of the aforesaid lever to lock the machine, substantially as.
described.
39. A type writing machine having a travelling carriage with a sliding bar
provided with an adjustable piece carrying the bell, and bell trip and also a movable
stop to be acted on by a projection on the carriage to move the sliding rod and lock
the machine, substantially as described.
40. A type-writing machine, having a travelling carriage with a movable.
stop finger, having a thumb piece, in combination with a sliding bar, carrying a
stop with which the said finger engages to lock the machine, whereby on pressing.
the said thumb-piece the carriage can be released for further movement, substantially
as described.
41. A type-writing machine, having a travelling carriage with a movable stop-
finger in combination with a sliding bar having a stop with which the said finger
engages to lock the machine, the said stop being pivoted to the sliding bar,.
substantially as and for the purpose described.
42. A wheel type-writing machine having a ribbon guide adjacent to the type-.
wheel, ribbon wheels and conical guide rollers for the ribbon between the said guide
and ribbon wheels, substantially as described.
43. A typewriting machine, having a ribbon wheel shaft and ribbon wheels.
adapted to be frictionally secured thereto, substantially as described.
44. A wheel type-writing machine having a type-wheel and a rocker to turn the
wheel, in combination with key levers having are shaped cams to act on the rocker
to turn the wheel, and said cams having faces y, to aid in returning the rocker
towards its normal position, substantially as described.
45. A type-writing machine having a type-wheel, with a hollow hub, provided
with an internal collar in combination with a lifting pin passing through the hollow
hub, and acting upon the said collar, substantially as described.
Dated this 13th day of April 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents..