A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ORNAMENTING CHINA, GLASS, WOOD, IRON, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Winterhoff, of Jackfield, Salop, Lithographer,
"
for the Invention of A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ORNAMENTING
CHINA, GLASS, WOOD, IRON, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 30th May 1879, and dated the 12th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Winterhoff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1878.
FREDERICK WINTERHOFF, of Jackfield, Salop, Lithographer.
"A NEW OR
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ORNAMENTING CHINA, GLASS, WOOD, IRON, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and connected with orna-
menting or decorating china, glass, wood, iron, and various other substances or
articles of manufacture made thereof.
In carrying my Invention into practice I prepare the article for the reception of
the picture, print, or other ornament or decoration, by coating it with a varnish com-
pounded by dissolving virgin resin and white Venice or Venetian turpentine in.
turpentine oil in suitable proportions according to the quantity required. This
coating must be allowed to dry before the print or picture transferred thereto in
the manner hereinafter described.
The print or picture is prepared on common printing paper, having no size, or as
small a quantity in it as possible. The surface of the paper is prepared to receive
the print by coating or surfacing it firstly with a solution of Hoffmann's best white
starch, and when such a coating is dry I further coat the paper with a solution of
the best gum arabic, and when again dry I roll the paper thus prepared in a litho-
graphic press, after which the paper is ready to work the print upon.
The printing of the picture is effected by ink compounded or mixed with a varnish
composed of linseed oil, nut oil, virgin resin, white Venetian turpentine, white wax,
cleaned or purified beef suet, and with a powdered flux, in suitable proportions, and
with which mixture the color with which the picture is to be printed is mixed.

page_text: The paper after having been surfaced or prepared as above described is printed
upon with the above described ink or printing color in the usual way in which
chromo-lithographs are prepared. As each color of which the picture is composed
is printed on the prepared paper it is dusted over with the above referred to flux,
the powder being of the same tint as the color last used, and when dry I similarly
print and dust the second, third, and further colors, as many as are required to
complete the picture, always waiting till each preceding color is dry, and always
dusting or powdering each color with a similarly tinted flux, and when the picture
is completed in the harmonious arrangement of its component colors, I further sur-
face or coat it with a varnish compounded of equal quantities of linseed oil and
white Venetian turpentine, and when dry the picture is ready to be transferred
onto the article.
To transfer the print or picture thus prepared onto the article, also prepared as
above described, I damp or moisten the back of it with a sponge and immediately
place it upon the article or substance to be decorated and rub or press the outer or
exposed surface or side of the print evenly and wholly over, and I then wash the
paper off the article or moisten it with water to loosen and allow of it being
removed from the article just operated upon, every particle of ink or color being
transferred or left thereon, and well wash or swill the now decorated article, after
which it is ready for burning in the kiln to enamel and set the colors fast.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Winterhoff in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
June 1879.
FREDERICK WINTERHOFF, of Jackfield, Salop, Lithographer.
"A NEW OR
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ORNAMENTING CHINA, GLASS, WOOD, IRON, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and connected with orna-
menting or decorating china, glass, wood, iron, and various other substances or
articles of manufacture made thereof, by any of the lithographic, zincographic, or
other analogous processes.
In carrying my Invention into practice I prepare the article for the reception of
the picture, print, or other ornament or decoration, by coating it with a varnish
compounded by dissolving virgin resin and white Venice or Venetian turpentine in
turpentine oil, in the proportion of about half a pound of each of the former to two
quarts of the latter, or in other suitable proportions. This coating must be allowed
to dry before the print or picture is transferred thereto in the manner hereinafter
described.
The print or picture is prepared on common printing paper, having no size, or as
small a quantity as it is possible. The surface of the paper is prepared to receive
the print by coating or surfacing it firstly with a solution of Hoffmann's best white

page_text: starch, or any other suitable starch, and when such coating is dry I further coat the
paper with a solution of the best gum arabic, and when again dry I roll the paper
thus prepared in a lithographic press, after which the paper is ready to work the
print upon.
The printing of the picture upon this prepared paper is effected by ink com-
pounded or mixed with a varnish composed of the following materials, and in about
the proportions of two quarts of linseed oil, ten per cent. nut oil, five per cent. virgin
resin, five to ten per cent. white Venetian purpentine, one to two per cent. white
wax, two to fifteen per cent. cleaned or purified beef suet, and with one to five per
cent. of any of the powdered fluxes used by potters and others for enamelling
purposes (or in other suitable proportions), and with which mixture the color with
which the picture is to be printed is mixed.
The paper after having been surfaced or prepared as above described is printed
upon with the above described ink or printing color in the usual way in which
chromolithographs are prepared. As each color of which the picture is composed is
printed on the prepared paper it is dusted over with the above referred to flux, the
powder being of the same tint as the color last used, and when dry I similarly print
and dust the second, third, and further colors, as many as are required to complete
the picture, always waiting till each preceding color is dry, and always dusting or
powdering each color with any one of the fluxes before described, and when the
picture is completed in the harmonious arrangement of its component colors I further
surface or coat it with a varnish compounded of equal quantities of linseed oil and
white Venetian turpentine, and when dry the picture is ready to be transferred onto
the article. In some instances I do not require to surface the picture with the
varnish described.
To transfer the print or picture thus prepared onto the article, also prepared as
as above described, I damp or moisten the back of it with a sponge, and imme-
diately place it upon the article or substance to be decorated and rub or press the
outer or exposed surface or side of the print evenly and wholly over, and I then
wash the paper off the article or moisten it with water to loosen and allow of it
being removed from the article first operated upon, every particle of ink or color
being transferred or left thereon, and well wash or swill the now decorated article,
after which it is ready for burning in the kiln to enamel and set the colors
fast.
It will thus be seen that in printing articles of porcelain or other similar sub-
stances on the glaze by lithographic, zincographic, or other analogous processes, the
above described improved process is superior in its working and results to all other
methods in present use.
The following is my method of printing articles of porcelain or other similar
substances under glaze :-I first print my copies in the same way as for over-glaze
printing, and when these copies are thoroughly dry I surface them with a mixture
of varnish stronger than is used for over-glaze printing. I take each copy of the
picture when thus surfaced and damp the back of it and place it face downwards
upon the substance or article which is to receive its impression and rub it and then
wash it off. The impression is "then hardened on by heat in the ordinary way
preparatory to glazing. A similar method is adopted for wood or unglazed surfaces
which may not require to be hardened on by heat before glazing or varnishing.
"
In the printing of portraits, which constitutes a special feature of my Invention,
I draw or copy a portrait by preference on what is known in the trade as "stipple
transfer paper," and transfer it when finished onto stone. In some cases I prefer to
stipple the portrait on stone direct or draw the portrait on grained stone and after-
wards print numerous impressions in various colors on transfer paper, as stated
above, and transfer to the article as before described, the same when completed
closely resembling a painting.
In printing in various colors in one printing I print first various detached parts
of a subject in faint color of any tint, I then dust upon such detached faint printings
a different color if needful for each detachment, thus saving a printing for every

page_text: color so dusted. The various parts of a subject for the dusting process described
are by preference detached in the subject to prevent one color injuring another in
the dusting, although with care several colors may be dusted on contiguous to each
other so long as there is an interposing line or wall between each color.
The general advantages which result from the adoption and use of my Invention
are,-
The production of solid grounds, of color equal or uniform in tone and to any
breadth of surface by successive printings and dustings in the manner above
described. The production of such prints at a considerable saving of cost by the
use of common printing paper for transferring purposes instead of strong paper as
used under other processes. The production of superior work both in registering
and evenness of color to that obtained by other processes. The printing of portraits
or any chromolithography in enamel or under-glaze colors as described. The saving
of time and expense in the work done in parti-color by many dustings to each
printing. The production of underglaze subjects on earthenware or other articles
or substances in parti-color and uniform in tint, which has not been hitherto success-
fully effected.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention,―
The above described improvements in and connected with the ornamenting or
decorating of china, glass, wood, iron, and various other substances or articles of
manufacture made thereof, such improvements consisting in the preparation of the
article for the reception of the picture, print, or other ornament or decoration; in
the preparation of the paper upon which the picture is to be printed; in the
printing of the picture upon the prepared paper; and in the transferance of such
prepared picture or printing onto the prepared article, all substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Winterhoff, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
JOHN KENDRICK.
FREDERICK WINTERHOFF. (L.S.)