A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR USE FOR PICTORIAL AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jesse Rust, of. Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Glass Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMPOSITION SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR USE FOR PICTORIAL AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES"
Sealed the 27th August 1869, and dated the 1st March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jesse Rust at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1869.
I, JESSE RUST, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Glass Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR USE FOR PICTORIAL AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object and purpose of this Invention is to produce a composition
of the nature of an enamel colour, which can be made opaque, and is
capable of being supplied in powder, with the view to the same being

page_text: used in lieu of the usual artists' colours, producing when mixed with oil
or liquid, pictures, especially those of mural class, such composition being
also useful for various decorative purposes.
This composition consists of glass enamel in powder, and caustic lime in
powder, or any suitable cement, such, for instance, as Keene's or Portland
cements may be used.
The following is a statement of the manner in which I can proceed
in regard to the composition when to be used for pictorial and fine art
work I take three parts by measure of the powdered glass enamel
(opaque), and one part by measure of lime in powder, which composition
I mix into a stiff paste with boiled oil. I prefer blue lias lime, well
slaked by water and well dried before use. I use the finest powdered
glass for faces or any delicate tints, but the coarser is preferred for back
grounds of pictures or dresses, or any ornamentation of a less artistic
character. For copying a cartoon I would prepare a slab of the
required size in cement, by preference Keene's cement, and about one to
one and a half inches thick, upon which, when well dried, the cartoon
should be traced upon the surface, and the work should be proceeded
with on artistic principles. For lineing walls, interior or exterior, so as
to give them the appearance of granites, marbles, or otherwise, and in
imperishable washable colours, I can proceed by mixing the opaque
enamel in powder, five parts, with Portland cement one part, adding
sufficient water to make into a stiff paste to spread upon the surface of
the walls or make into slabs of any required shape or size. The
colouring surface need not be more than a quarter of an inch in
thickness, and a cheaper material may be used to back up the slab.
Slabs made in this way may be used for table tops, chimney pieces, and
other articles. For Keene's cement I use by preference one part to
three parts of the glass enamel in powder and treat the same as Portland
cement. When this cement sets hard, I saturate it with a weak solution
of hot glue. For lime, I mix one part lime with three parts opaque
enamel glass powder and make into a stiff mortar with water to be used
the same as Portland cement. Other proportions of cement or glass
enamel powder can be used but I have found the above well adapted for
decorative purposes. The Portland cement body can after a few weeks
be rubbed down like granite and polished. A solution of water glass
added to the surface of the Portland cement or lime bodies after a few

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jesse Rust in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JESSE
RUST, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Glass Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Jesse Rust, Her special licence that I, the said
Jesse Rust, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as.
1, the said Jesse Rust, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR
USE FOR PICTORIAL AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Jesse Rust, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jesse Rust, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
:
The object and purpose of this Invention is to produce a composition
of the nature of an enamel color, which is opaque, with the view to the
same being used in lieu of the usual artists' or decorators' colours for

page_text: producing, when mixed with oil or liquid, pictures, especially those
of the mural class, such composition being also useful for various
decorative purposes..
This composition consists of glass enamel in powder and caustic lime or
cements, for instance, Keene's or Portland cement may be substituted for
caustic lime, mixed together as hereafter described.
can
The following statement will inform the practical man as to how I
carry my Invention into effect:-For glass frescoes I use mosaic
or enamel glass in various colors reduced to powder, substituting
the same for artists' colors, as being more permanent and therefore
preferable, or in the place of the opaque or mosaic glass, I
which case I take
use ordinary glass colored or uncolored, in
such ordinary glass and fuse the same with bone dust or oxide
of tin, using therewith as large a quantity of sand as will render
the glass opaque, adding thereto the proper coloring bodies and
The mosaic or opaque
fuse altogether to produce the color required.
glass is to be powdered and mixed with caustic lime or cements as above
stated. Instead of the above process 1 sometimes use the following
I take a mixture of lead, lime, baryta, or alumina, or any or all of them
and fuse the same with sand and potash or soda, using also bone ash or
oxide of tin to render the glass opaque, together with the coloring
oxides, and when fused I ladle the same out of the pots into water and
I use oxide of
reduce to powder by a grinding machine or mortar.
cobalt for blues, copper and iron oxides for red or green, chrome
oxide for greens, and antimony or silver oxides for yellow. The quan-
tities of these materials must be regulated in accordance with the
nature of the glass and color required, and needs no further direction for
the instruction of the practical man. The powdered glass thus
produced has to be mixed with caustic lime in powder, and for fine
art work I use three parts by measure of the powdered glass color
and one part by measure of lime in powder. I prefer blue lias lime.
The finest powdered
well slaked by water and well dried before use.
glass should be used for faces or any delicate tints, but the coarser
is to be preferred for back grounds of pictures or dresses, or any
ornamentation of a less artistic character. The composition should
in use be mixed into a stiff paste with boiled oil, and in copying a
cartoon I would prepare a slab of the required size in cement, by pre
ference Keene's cement, and about 1 to 1 inches thick, on which, wher

page_text: I work it the
well dry, the cartoon should be traced upon the surface.
same as for mosaic pictures, that is, I cut out a portion of cement about
inch, and insert the color made of the glass, lime, and oil, and level it
with the surrounding cement with a small pallet knife. It is best to work
at various parts of the slab at the same 'time so as to allow one day's work
to get somewhat hard before cutting away the adjacent parts, and so con-
tinue until the work is finished. It is better before inserting the colored
paste into the fresh cut cement to oil the part, so as to allow the color to
stick to the slab, and in a few weeks the picture will be sufficiently hard
to be washed with soap or water to clean off any extra oil or dirt. When
dry the surface should have an oiled cloth run over it to brighten up the
colors.
I do not confine myself to any particular lime or cement, but it is
essential to use the opaque glass in powder with a cementing body.
For lining walls, interior or exterior, so as to give them the appearance
of granite, marble, or otherwise, and in imperishable washable colors,
I can proceed by mixing the opaque enamel or glass in powder five
parts, with Portland cement one part, adding sufficient water to make
it into a stiff paste to spread upon the surface of the walls, or make into
slabs of any required shape or size. The coloring surface need not be
more than a quarter of an inch in thickness, and a cheaper material
may be used to back up the slab. Made in this way the slabs may be
When using
used for table tops, chimney pieces, and other articles.
Keene's cement I by preference use one part thereof to three parts of
the glass enamel in powder, and treat the same in like manner as
Portland cement. When this cement sets hard I should saturate it
with a weak solution of hot glue. For lime I mix one part lime with
three parts of opaque enamel glass powder, and I use it as a stiff mortar
with water, the same as Portland cement. Other proportions of cements
or glass enamel powder can be used, but I have found the above well
adapted for practical purposes. The Portland cement body can after a few
weeks be rubbed down like granites and polished. A solution of water
glass added to the surface renders it very hard, and by that means capable
of taking a good polish.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I
hereby declare that I claim the Invention of the new or improved
composition specially applicable for use for pictorial and decorative

page_text: purposes herein-before described, the principal feature whereof is the
use of powdered, opaque, or mosaic glass or enamel mixed with lime or
cements.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jesse Rust, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
THOMAS MORGAN..
Clerk to the
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
Charing Cross,
London, S.W.
Patentees' Agents.
JESSE RUST. (L.S.)