Improvements in or relating to Pulverising or similar Apparatus.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 18th July, 1896--Accepted, 18th Oct., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pulverising or similar Apparatus.
I, WILLIAM ADOLPH KONEMAN, of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, United
States of America, at present residing at 432 Strand, in the County of London,
England, Civil and Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pulverising-apparatus of the kind described in the
Specification of prior Letters Patent No. 4111 of 1885 granted to Koneman and
Scoville its object being to improve the construction and efficiency of such
apparatus.
One improvement according to this invention is the construction of the frame
of the apparatus SO that it shall be built up of sections connected
together in such manner that whilst forming a strong and rigid frame
certain of the individual sections may, when desired, be turned about
hinges out of their working position into one in which great facility of
access to the rolls and their bearings is afforded for purposes of inspection, renewal,
or repair.
This invention comprises also means whereby the rotary grinding-table is
strengthened and also means by which it is given support below those parts of its
upper surface upon which the grinding rolls press.
A further improvement comprises the application to the rotary table of guide
blades of a spiral form together with gearing for reciprocating them upon the
table; the guides are made spiral in order to ensure that the material delivered
near the centre of the table shall be prevented from travelling too rapidly across
its surface from the inner towards the outer circumference so that it is first
delivered between the rolls and the table at a part where the maximum clearance
between the table and rolls exists, that is to say under the small end of each roll,
and is afterwards permitted to move gradually from roll to roll and to the
finishing" parts of the rolls where the diminishing clearance ceases; thus it is
ensured that the material shall be gradually crushed in successive stages. By
giving the guides reciprocating movement upon the table the operation of crushing
is not confined solely to certain portions of the surface of the grinding-table and
the rolls, but occurs more or less uniformly over the whole surface of each so that
they wear uniformly and maintain throughout their period of service the
proportions of clearance which originally existed between them.
This invention comprises also additional improvements, which will be herein-
after referred to and which include, among other matters, a special device for
lubricating the principal bearing.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a view, half in elevation and half in section, of one construction of
improved pulverising-apparatus according to this invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same apparatus, half in section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,
and half in elevation;

page_text: Fig. 3 is a plan half in section of the foundation or base frame of the apparatus
showing the lubricating-apparatus hereinbefore referred to.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the rotary grinding-table one half being in section to show the
novel arrangement of strengthening-ribs provided in the hollow interior of the
same.
Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional plan and sectional elevation respectively, showing
details of the main bearing and the lubricating-apparatus for the same."
Fig. 7 is a view illustrating part of the grinding-table the spiral guide-blades
and the apparatus by which reciprocation is imparted to them, the guide-blades
being in section.
"Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A (Figs. 1 and 3) is the foundation frame of the apparatus which consists of
a series of radial arms A¹ bolted to a central casting A2, which latter contains
the foot-step bearing for the main shaft B. The radial arms A are connected at
their outer ends by strong horizontal connections A³; thus the foundation of the
machine constitutes a well-braced hexagonal step-containing frame. Each radial
arm A supports a standard C which is bolted to it and provided at its lower end
with lugs entering between lugs A+ formed upon the radial arms A¹.
D Fig. 1 is a pin so connecting the lugs A and C appropriated to each
standard C, in such manner that each of these standards can be turned about its
pin and thrown outward from the centre of the machine, as about a hinge, for
inspection, repair, or renewal of the parts carried by the standards. The upper
end of each standard C is provided with a bracket (Fig. 1) the bracket being
preferably formed in one piece with the standard C; brackets Care bolted to
two of the standards, each to assist in carrying the driving pulleys which will be
hereinafter again referred to..
C' are bearings extending upwards from each standard C; they carry above each
standard a rotatable shaft E.
Upon the inner end of each rotatable shaft E is a bevel pinion E', and all the
pinions gear with a bevel-wheel B secured on the upper end of the main shaft B,
which is encircled just below the bevel-wheel B by a bearing C against which
the inner ends of the brackets C³ abut.
To the lower part of the shaft B is secured the grinding table F; only a part
of the weight of the table is taken by the shaft B and its foot-step bearing, for
the table, is supported by bearing rollers or otherwise, near its circumference as
will hereinafter be explained.
Preferably two of the shafts E are provided with driving pulleys and fly-
wheels by, the driving pulleys being rotated by a belt, driven from any convenient
source of power. The standards supporting these particular shafts have brackets C
bolted to them to carry the end of the shafts E on which the driving pulleys are
placed. When the driving pulleys are rotated the bevel-pinions fixed upon the
same shafts will rotate the central bevel-wheel B¹ which in turn will communicate
the rotation to the other pulleys E' upon their respective shafts for a purpose
hereinafter explained.
Each of the standards C contains axle-boxes or bearings G and H for a spindle J
and upon each of the spindles J is suitably fastened a grinding roll K.
The axle box G and à portion J of the shaft J are arranged as a thrust hearing
to prevent any endwise outward movement of the roll K or its shaft J, the axle
box being flanged at G1 to bear against the inner face of the standard C.
The axle boxes G and H are movable vertically in guides formed in or on the
standards C and brackets C; they are kept at the lower extremity of their move-
ment by springs L the initial compression of which is adjustable.
Each roll K and its axle boxes and their appurtenances are all borne by the
standard C appropriated to it; and all move with it when it is turned about its
hinge in the manner before described, and indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.
To enable the grinding rolls to be adjusted with precision to bring their surfaces
to the desired distance from the surface of the table F the axle boxes are supported

page_text: by screw bolts (not shown in the drawings) passing through cross-bars C fixed
in the standards C and by screwing these bolts up or down the adjustment of the
rolls Kas described may be effected with the desired nicety.
On the outer end of each shaft J is keyed a belt pulley Ja which when certain
5 substances are being ground or pulverised is to be geared by a belt with a
on that one of the shafts E which is situated immediately above it, there being one
pulley E*
pulley E on each shaft E; the ratio of this belt gearing is so proportioned to the
ratio of the toothed gearing by which the table is rotated that when the belt
gearing is in use there will be a certain amount of slip between the pulverising
rolls K and the grinding table F producing a rubbing action against the material
on the table.
Over each of the rolls K is a conical corrugated housing or splasher M; the
corrugations, in the example illustrated are parallel and are circular, being
co-axial with the roll; the individual corrugations receive any material which
may be flung off from the surface of the roll and return it upon the roll very
nearly at the same place; whereas if the inside of the housing were plain instead
of being corrugated the material flung off from the roll would fly to the larger
end of the housing and probably escape being further ground. The housing need
not be circular or conical or even corrugated so long as it has projections or baffles
on its lower surface in proximity to the rolls and approximately at right angles
to the roll axis.
Each housing is preferably secured to the bracket C above it.
In order to enable any of the rolls to be taken out of the machine with facility
and without turning back the hinged standards one section C (Fig. 1) of each
standard C is made readily removable and secured in place by bolts; it may be readily
taken out laterally to leave an opening through which each roll spindle J and
its axle-boxes G and H with the roll upon it may be taken out of the apparatus
when desired.
The table is coned upon both its lower and upper surfaces that portion of its
upper surface which is most nearly approached by the corresponding portion of
the grinding roll is part of the surface of an imaginary cone having its apex in
the axial line of the central shaft B; and the corresponding surface of the grinding
roll is a portion of the surface of another imaginary cone whose apex is at the
same place as the imaginary cone previously referred to; in other words the
imaginary cones of these two surfaces are disposed like the pitch-cones of bevel or
friction gearing.
F is a conical bearing-ring fixed to the under-side of the table F. The latter
is supported by a series of adjustable conical rollers N. borne in bearings O fixed
upon each of the radial arms A' aforesaid. Preferably these bearings are provided
with wedges not shown in the drawings, by which they may be packed up.
The conicity of the rollers N and of the surface of the ring F against which they
bear, is such that the one surface travels upon the other without slipping, as if
the two surfaces were the pitch surfaces of bevel gearing.
One roller N comes immediately under each grinding roll K so that much of
he thrust caused by the operation of grinding the material between the rolls
and the table, and also a large share of the weight of the table itself, and taken
by the rolls and not transmitted to the central shaft B; neither is the table
ubjected to unduly severe bending stresses. Instead of the conical rollers N,
nti-friction balls received in grooves in the frame and the underside of the
rinding-table may be used to support the latter, or slide blocks running in oil
r any other suitable mechanical device may be used to support the table.
To strengthen the table, which internally is hollow, a series of ribs F2 are
rovided at its underside. These ribs are not truly radial but are tangential to
he circumference of the shaft B or to the circular portion of the table which
mmediately encircles the shaft, or to some circle concentric with the shaft.
The outer circumference of the table F is encircled by a stationary annular
ough Qinto which the finished pulverised material is delivered by the centri-

page_text: fugal action of the grinding table F after treatment under the rolls K. This
trough is fixed to the standards C and has an overhanging upper lip Q to prevent
splashing. For a like reason the table is provided with an overhanging lip 3.
Fare vanes or paddles attached to the circumference of the table and approxi-
mately fitting the lower part of the trough Q so as to sweep before them the
pulverised material which falls into the latter, and cause it to pass over openings
in any desired part of the bottom of the trough through which it falls into delivery
spouts or other receptacles as may be desired. The inner circumference of the
trough Qis provided with a flange or lip Q the upper edge of which is received
in a groove formed in the under side of the table F, the adjacent part of the
circumference of which is made angular so that any material which may splash
up on to it will readily drop off again into the trough.
Fixed to and encircling the central shaft B is a hopper P with a delivery
spout P; by reason of the hopper turning with the shaft the material fed into it
is delivered to the various rolls K in approximately equal proportions.
Between each of the grinding rolls K are curved guide-blades R (Figs. 2 and 7)
presented edgewise to the grinding-table to which their lower edges approach very
closely. These blades in the present example are approximately equidistant from
each other along the radius of the table; although they may be variously adjusted.
Each blade is part of a spiral whose radius increases uniformly about the centre
of the table. These blades prevent the material delivered on to the centre of the
table from passing quickly across the surface to its circumference and cause it
instead to traverse a path which, considered relatively to the ground upon which
the annaratus stands, is a spiral; thus it is first subjected to a crushing action
between the inner ends of the rolls K and the table F at a point where the clearance
between the two is a maximum, and is subsequently caused to shift outwards
gradually into smaller and smaller clearances until crushed to the minimum size
determined by the final clearance existing between the outer ends of the rolls K
and the outer edge of the table F.
If the spiral guides were stationary the table, and particularly the rolls, would
wear in grooves, for the edges of the guide blades would prevent the grinding
action from occurring uniformly over the whole circumference of the roll and face
of the table; therefore the guide blades are fixed to a frame R¹ which is suspended
by slings R2 pivotted to the brackets Cat R in such a manner that they may be
given a movement of reciprocation across and approximately parallel to the surface
of the table. To impart this reciprocation an eccentric B7 is provided upon the
central shaft and in bearings A7 (Fig. 7) on the main frame is a sliding rod S
one end of which is provided with a roller S, the roller being kept in contact with
the eccentric by a spring S2 in compression between one of the bearings A7 and
a collar S3 on the rod. The end of the rod S opposite to that at which the roller S¹
is situated is keyed to the rocking lever T pivotted to brackets Q on the outside
of the trough Q. The other end of the rocking lever is connected by a link T¹
to the frame R¹ carrying the guide blades. Thus when the main shaft B rotates
the rod S is reciprocated by the eccenric B, and each lever T is oscillated by the
rod S and communicates a reciprocating movement to the guide blades R. The
pivotted slings R2 are disposed in lines which are normal to the grinding-table
surface so that the reciprocation of the guide-blades occurs in a direction
approximately parallel to the top surface of the table.
The foot-step bearing of the main shaft will now be described together with
lubricating-devices which are applied thereto in such a manner that the main
bearing is always flooded with oil, which is in constant circulation:-The foot-
step bearing is contained in the central casting A2 which is made hollow as
indicated at A5; the hollow interior of the casting serves as an oil chamber which
communicates by a number of small passages A with the circumference of the
lower end of the shaft B and the interior of the bush B which encircles it as
shown in Figs. 1 and 5.
U is an oil cistern placed just outside the framing of the machine; its upper

page_text: end communicates by a pipe U with the upper end of the oil cavity A5 in the
central casting As, the lower end of which cavity communicates by a return pipe U
with the lower end of the oil-cistern. The upper end of the cistern is just above
the level of the upper end of the oil cavity A, and the cistern is intended to be
filled with oil to a higher level than that, thus the oil cavity will be kept always
full and the lower end of the shaft B will be continually immersed in oil, which,
becoming slightly warmed at the bearing will circulate automatically, by convec-
tion, through the cavity A5, passages A6, the oil cistern, and connecting pipes U¹,
U2, becoming cooled as it passes from the bearing back to the cistern and towards
the bearing again. Us is a baffle plate placed within the cistern to intercept any
small particles of dust or solid matter which may be in the circulating oil, and
divert them to the bottom of the cistern U. The bush B2 is closed at its lower
end. B is a metal plate pinned to the bottom end of the shaft B, B5 being a
similar plate pinned to the inner surface of the bottom of the bush B2; between
these two plates B and 135 are two loose plates B6 which are drilled upon their
faces with numerous small holes, not shown in the drawing, to receive anti-friction
metal in a manner and for a purpose well understood by engineers. B8 is a dust
guard extending downward from the eccentric B' herein before referred to, and
serving especially .if.a flap, of wire gauze or cloth be so secured to it as to hang
down all round.it, to prevent the access of dust to the upper end of the foot-step
bearing A². When the pulverizer is to be employed for pulverising material
which will give rise to dust, I enclose the whole apparatus in a casing provided
with a suction device to create a strong draught of air through the apparatus
and carry off the dust as it rises to a settling chamber or other receptacle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a
pulverising machine or similar apparatus having conical grinding-
rolls the combination, in a foundation frame of a central member A³ radial arms A'
and connections A3 substantially as described.
2. A pulverising or similar apparatus in which standards carrying the grinding
rolls are hinged to the main foundation frame.
3. In the framing of a pulverising or similar apparatus having conical grinding
rolls a removable section such as C7 substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In a pulverising or similar apparatus tangential strengthening ribs to
support the grinding-surface of the grinding table substantially as described.
5. In a pulverising or similar apparatus the combination with a table such as F
of ribs such as F2 substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. In a pulverising or similar apparatus having conical grinding-rolls the
combination of a grinding table having a coned surface underneath and coned
supporting rollers N one disposed below each grinding roll for the purpose
described.
7. In a pulverising or similar apparatus the combination with a grinding table
having an overhanging circumferential lip F3 and an annular groove F5 in its
under side of a trough such as Q with a lip Q2 extending up into the groove F5
from the trough for the purpose described.
8. In a pulverising or similar apparatus having conical grinding rolls the
combination with a central shaft B of a hopper P encircling and fixed to the same
for the purpose described.
9. In a pulverising or similar apparatus a housing or splasher placed above a
grinding roll and having corrugations or baffle-projections presented towards the
roll substantially as and for the purpose described.
10. In a pulverising or similar apparatus movable guide blades R arranged
spirally over the table substantially as and for the purpose described.
11. In a pulverising or similar apparatus having conical grinding-rolls the

page_text: combination with guide blades of mechanism for reciprocating them above the
lable for the purpose described.
12. In a pulverising or similar apparatus the combination with a conical table F
of guide blades so slung or otherwise supported as to be movable in a direction
approximately parallel with the grinding surface for the purpose described.
13. In a pulverising or similar apparatus the combination with guide blades
such as R of an eccentric B37 or cam in operative connection with the shaft B for
the purpose described.
14. In a pulverising or similar apparatus the combination with a foot-step
bearing of circulation lubricating apparatus such as U U¹ U2 for the purpose
specified.
15. In a pulverising or similar apparatus the combination with the shaft B
and a foot-step bearing of a lip B8 for the purpose described.
16. A complete pulverising apparatus substantially as and for the purpose
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of July 1806
W. A. KONEMAN.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.