Year: 1886

page_text: We JAMES STEWART EDWARDS and JAMES EDWARDS both of Beechwood Compton
Place Road Eastbourne in the County of Sussex Gentlemen do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object apparatus for drying waste animal matter and for
other like uses.
The apparatus consists of a short cylinder with a double bottom consisting of two
plates cast with ridges or projections upon them and bolted together.
By suitable connections high pressure steam is admitted to the cavities of the bottom
and so the cylinder and its contents are heated.
The cylinder is provided with a cover which is somewhat raised in the centre so that
moisture condensing upon it may not drip back on to the bottom but trickle to the
sides where it is received into a gutter which carries it away. There is a shaft in the
axis of the cylinder; it is slowly driven and it carries arms with stirrers or scrapers
upon them. There are also stationary tines or stirrers within the cylinder.
The sides and the top of the cylinder are covered with a non-conducting packing to
prevent loss of heat. There is a door in the cover for the admission of the material to
the apparatus and another door in the side by which it is withdrawn when dry. A pipe
in connection with the cover leads the vapours arising from the material into a
condenser.
We provide in the side of the cylinder close to the bottom apertures closed by plugs
or taps by which liquid may be drawn off when as is sometimes the case this can be
done with advantage.
This apparatus is more cheaply constructed than apparatus heretofore employed for
drying animal matter and other materials and it is very efficient.
Sometimes in place of applying non-conducting packing around the sides of the
cylinder we enclose the sides and bottom of the apparatus in an outer casing and so we
cause heat to be transmitted from the bottom to the sides of the apparatus. We apply
a thin coating of non conducting packing to the sides of the casing to prevent loss
of heat.
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1 1° 1011
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page_text: We, JAMES STEWART EDWARDS and JAMES EDWARDS both of Beechwood Compton
Place Road, Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to he
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object apparatus for drying waste animal matter and for
other like uses.
The apparatus consists of a short cylinder with a double hottom.
By suitable connections high pressure steam is admitted to the cavities of the bottom
and so the cylinder and its contents are heated.
The cylinder is provided with a cover which is somewhat raised in the centre so that
moisture condensing upon it may not drip back on to the bottom but trickle to the
sides where it is received into a gutter which carries it away. There is a shaft in the
axis of the cylinder; it is slowly driven and it carries arms with stirrers or scrapers
upon them. There are also stationary tines or stirrers within the cylinder.
The sides and the top of the cylinder may be covered with a non-conducting packing
to prevent loss of heat. There is a door in the cover for the admission of the material
to the apparatus and another door in the side by which it is withdrawn when dry.
A pipe in connection with the cover leads the vapours arising from the material into a
condenser.
We provide in the side of the cylinder close to the bottom an aperture closed by a
plug or tap by which liquid may be drawn off when as is sometimes the case this can
be done with advantage.
This apparatus is more cheaply constructed than apparatus heretofore employed for
drying animal matter and other materials and it is very efficient.
Sometimes in place of applying non-conducting packing around the sides of the
cylinder we enclose the sides and bottom of the apparatus in an outer casing and so
we cause heat to be transmitted from the bottom to the sides of the apparatus. We
apply a thin coating of non-conducting packing to the sides of the casing to prevent
loss of heat.
In order that our said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect we will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: Figure 4 is a vertical section, and
Figure 5 is a plan with the top removed and partly in section of a similar apparatus
but with stirrers otherwise arranged and without stationary tines.
Figure 6 is an elevation.
Figure 7 is a vertical section, and
Figure 8 is a plan of a like apparatus in which the stirring shaft passes through
the top or cover and is driven from above. The tines or stirrers are omitted in
Figure 7.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3, A is a cast iron bottom plate; it has an aperture in the
centre and flanges around its outer and inner edges. B is a rolled plate attached to
these flanges and to numerous blocks or distance pieces which are cast in one piece
with the bottom plate A. By casting the blocks or distance pieces in one piece with
the bottom plate plenty of metal is given for the screw bolts by which the plate is
secured to screw into and there is no risk of leakage through holes formed in the
bottom as these holes for the screws to screw into need only extend into the blocks or
distance pieces. C is the cylindrical body of the vessel, it has angle iron flanges by
which it is secured to the bottom plate A and also to an upper cast ring D. * is a
draw off cock provided in the side of the body near the bottom.
The ring D also receives the conical or domed cover E and it is so formed as to
provide a trough D¹ around the base of the cover, which receives any liquid condensing
upon the cover and running down this liquid is conveyed out of the apparatus by an
outlet at D F is a door provided to close an aperture in the cover, by which the
material to be treated is introduced into the apparatus. G is an outlet from the top
or cover by which steam and vapour is led away to a suitable condenser. We provide
a valve in this outlet which can be closed when the doors of the apparatus are open to
prevent the free pa sage of air through the apparatus into the condenser; there being
usually a fan in connection with this condenser to maintain an adequate draught.
To prevent loss of heat we generally provide a packing of asbestos around the
cover E and this is secured in its place by means of a wooden lagging. His a door
in the side of the body C which is opened in order to discharge the material. I is a
gland inserted into the central aperture of the bottom plate, and the stirring shaft K
passes through it, this is driven in any convenient manner. L is a pipe conveying
high pressure steam into the cavity beneath the bottom plate and M is a pipe by which
any water deposited between the plates A and B drains away. N is a casing which
encloses the bottom plates A and B, and also the sides of the cylindrical body C. It
extends up to the ring D so that the sides of the body are enclosed in an air chamber,
which is heated by contact with the lower plate B of the steam heated bottom. We
prefer to clothe the exterior of the casing N to avoid loss of heat. 0, 0, 0, are three
cast iron stirring arms-they are connected with a central base keyed on to the upper
end of the shaft K. These arms, which are triangular in section, pass around in close
proximity to the upper surface of the plate A but with a sufficient clearance to prevent
risk of jamming. Upon one of the arms O a moveable plate P is carried; it is con-
nected with the arm by studs passing through slotted holes which allow the lower edge
of the plate to come in contact with the bottom A. but admit of its rising and falling
as the arm passes round, so that the plate is able to accommodate itself to any
irregularities in the bottom whilst, at the same time it scrapes off from the bottom any
of the material which may have become caked thereon. The end of this plate Pis
turned upwards, as is indicated at P, so that as it passes round it scrapes also the sides
of the cylindrical body C. Qis a cast iron beam extending across the body Cand
fixed in its place. Cast in a piece with the beam are the tines projecting downwards
and presenting blunted points or ends.
The fish or other refuse to be treated having been inserted at F and the door having
been closed any liquid there may be together with the refuse is drawn off by opening
the cock C* which allows the liquid to run away into a deodorizing apparatus. By
opening the steam cock on the pipe L the heat is applied and the stirring axis K is
caused slowly to rotate by means of a worm wheel and worm or other gear provided
for the purpose. The vapour driven off from the refuse passes into a condenser and

page_text: the material after a time becomes dry. When no further vapour rises from the material
the door is opened and the dry material is raked out.
The apparatus shewn in Figures 4 and 5 differs from that just described in that the
stirring axis K is provided with stirrers of a different pattern, namely, with a series of
hoe-like stirrers R. R. These stirrers have stems which are clipped by bolts between
two angular iron arms S S. The arms S S are fixed upon the head of the stirrer axis K.
The arms S S as will be seen, are so formed at the extremities that they serve to scrape
the sides of the body C.
In the arrangement shewn by the Figures 6, 7 and 8, a stuffing box T is provided
in the cover, and a foot-step U upon the bottom; in this the stirrer axis K is received.
The gear for driving the stirrer shaft is overhead. The outlet G from the top or cover
has in this case to be modified in its form. As will be seen, the outlet is by a casting
of which the stuffing box T forms a part. The stirrers employed in this apparatus
may be of either of the forms previously described. W is a cup which may be provided
upon the shaft K for the purpose of receiving any liquid which may condense and pass
down the shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
1. Drying apparatus with a cover or top which is coned or raised in the centre and
is provided with a gutter to receive and convey away liquid condensed upon the cover
or top substantially as described.
2. Drying apparatus having a steam heated bottom with stirring shaft and stirrers
as described, and doors for the introduction and removal of the material and an outlet
passage for the steam or vapour and a pipe C* by which liquid may be removed from
the apparatus substantially as described.
3. Drying apparatus heated by steam introduced between two bottom plates A
and B and provided with a casing enclosing the said bottom plates together with the
sides or body of the apparatus thereby forming an air chamber by which heat can be
conveyed from the bottom to the sides substantially as described.
4. Drying apparatus substantially as described and shewn by the annexed drawings.
Trail 9th day at Fahmury 1987
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.