matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michiel Perl at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1883.
MICHIEL PERL of 140 Houndsditch in the City of London EC. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOBACCO PIPES
The object of my said invention is to construct Tobacco pipes in such a manner
that the smoke is screened and purified on its passage from the bowl to the mouth-
piece, and all nicotine, saliva, and other obnoxious mixtures are collected, seperated
and eliminated therefrom.
The means whereby I effect this object are as follows:-
1st. I construct the bowl in two parts which screw together. Into the lower
portion of the bowl, to which the stem is attached, I place a piece of sponge, and
when the upper part thereof is screwed into its place, all smoke which is drawn
from the bowl to the stem, is screened by the sponge, through which it passes to
the mouthpiece.
A screw thread is cut or formed on the lower part of the upper bowl which fits
into a corresponding thread in the lower bowl. The upper bowl is so constructed
that there is but a small hole for the smoke to pass through.
2ndly. Another mode of carrying my said invention into effect consists in
attaching the stem to the upper part of the bowl. The passage through the stem
terminates in an annular passage or chamber, at the bottom of the bowl, which
chamber is formed by means of a central tube and a perforated flange or
diaphragm.
+
The lower part of this bowl has a serew thread formed upon it, and a cup-shaped
vessel or lower bowl is screwed thereupon, which fits the circumference of the
diaphragm closely. This arrangement therefore consists of three chambers: the
upper one for the Tobacco: the lower one for the collection of nicotine or other
matters to be seperated and the intermediate annular chamber for the collection
of the purified smoke, from which it is drawn to the mouthpiece.
J
3. Another mode of carrying out my said invention consists in arranging the
chambers for screening and collection in the stem of the pipe. For this purpose-
the stem is formed in two parts, screwed together, or joined together by slip joints,
or otherwise united, so as to be readily detachable for. cleaning out. Each portion
of the tube is suitably bored for the passage of the smoke, but the smoke is

page_text: arrested in its passage from one portion of the tube to the other by a perforated
block or stop-piece, which is drilled or bored transversely to the length of the
pipe.
This block may be variously formed, and on each side thereof suitable chambers
are formed for the purpose herein before mentioned.
My said improvements are applicable to pipes with straight or curved stems, and
also to pipes constructed of any material which is at present or may be used for
such purpose.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS APPLICABLE TO VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Boswell Young and William
Thomas Jones Burgess at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th January 1883.
JOSEPH BOSWELL YOUNG and WILLIAM THOMAS JONES BURGESS both of
Birmingham in the County of Warwick "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
APPLICABLE TO VELOCIPEDES."
Our invention relates to the improvements hereinafter described for lamps
applicable to velocipedes, and known as head and hub lamps, the latter being
suspended to the axle, between the two discs of the hub.
The lamps at present employed for this purpose are complicated in their manu-
facture, and unpresentable in their appearance and being constructed to burn oil
are always unclean, by its escaping partly by vibration of the vehicle and by
trimming or lighting which is objectionable.
We will describe our Invention thus,
The body of the lamp we construct of glass blown or moulded and of any
shape or configuration, if of white glass, the exterior surface is lined or coated
with ruby by preference (but we do not confino ourselves to this or any particular
colour) by cutting away certain portions of the ruby we produce a surface for the
front effecting the purpose of the lens hitherto employed and also the lights for the
sides the remaining surface if desired can be ornamented with any suitable design,
or the surface exteriorly or interiorly may be stained and the same effect produced,
this class of lamp is chiefly applicable to those known as head lamps
To lamps known as hub lamps and suspended to the axis of bicycles between the
hubs. We construct the body of glass in cross section, elliptical or such other
suitable form as will admit of its being passed through the spokes of the wheel
and adjusted upon the axis, the barrel being of that class hitherto employed.
Or we may employ glass, talc, or horn in sections of a suitable shape to form
the body of the lamp and stained in various colours, in any case we adopt metallic
fittings in form to correspond with the upper and lower portion of the body.
In dispensing with oil for the lighting we substitute the candle secroted in the
ordinary spring socket, or such other mode we may find effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS AND PREVENTING SMOKE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick August Wendt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1883.
FREDERICK AUGUST WENDT of 24 North End Croydon in the County of Surrey
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS AND
PREVENTING SMOKE
"
The object of my said invention is to provide improved means for ventilating
rooms and buildings and preventing smoke and carrying away the foul air
I construct inlet channels for fresh air to enter from the outside of the building
in any convenient manner
In some cases the supply of fresh air is secured by means of ordinary ventilating
bricks or cast iron air vents which are fixed in the outer walls, and below the level
of the floor
In other cases where such means are not available, I construct suitable channels
for the inlet of the air, or lay pipes for the same purpose
Having thus obtained the necessary supply of fresh air. I place one or more of
my improved ventilators in the floor of the room or building to be ventilated,
These ventilators consist of two metallic discs (preferably of thin brass or steel)
placed one above the other the lower one being fixed in a frame and immovable
and the upper one being capable of rotating on its centre or the upper one may be
fixed and the lower plate movable. Both discs have portions cut away in radial
directions and the partial rotation of one disc upon or under the other disc, causes
air passages to open or close
Instead of circular ventilators rectangular forms of ventilators may be used
having a sliding motion to open or close the air passages
In either case provision is made for the insertion of the thumb and finger ir
order to operate the same by hand by means of a button or other suitable
contrivance.
By placing one such ventilator in or near the hearth to a fire place an ample
supply of air is obtained to assist combustion and aid the consumption of smoke

page_text: and the opening of doors and windows is thereby rendered unnecessary for such
purpose. Also by placing one or more of such ventilators in other parts of a room
or building the wholesomeness of the same is secured and the entrance of fresh air
can be regulated to suit the requirements and the number of persons present in the
room or building some of such ventilators admitting fresh air and others allowing 5
the exit of foul air,
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Carl Glaser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1883. Communicated to him
by Rudolph Bauer, residing at Grossröhrsdorf in the German Empire
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent, "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM
ENGINES [Communicated to him by Rudolph Bauer, residing at Grossröhrsdorf
in the German Empire]
"
This invention has reference to a construction of rotary steam engines having a
cylinder of annular form, in which a piston revolves, and which will be readily
understood on reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figs. 1 and 2 shew an arrangement with vertical engine shaft, and figs. 3 and 4
shew another arrangement with horizontal shaft.
In figs. 1 and 2, A is the annular cylinder in which revolves the piston D. This
piston is situated between two lugs on the disc E fixed on the fly-wheel shaft to
which the rotary motion is thus transmitted. Two diametrically opposite slide
casings are each provided with a steam supply valve M, and an escape
opening G.
The supply valves are opened by means of lever K, in connexion with the rod I,
which has a roller at its end, bearing against a cam surface on the disc E. The
extent of dwell on this cam regulates the cut off of the steam supply. Between
the steam supply valve M and the outlet G is situated the slide B, which divides
the cylinder A into two halves. The slide is actuated by means of the lever P and
rod which takes with a stud into the groove x of the disc R.
The action of the engine is as follows:-
If the piston D is in the dotted position, there is no steam pressure in the space
between it and the slide B, in consequence of the communication of that space with
the outlet G. The slide being now moved backwards, it allows the piston D to
pass, after which the slide closes again, and the steam valve M is opened, and the
steam entering between B and D propels the latter. The steam in front of the
piston escapes through the outlet G of the other slide casing, and when the piston
reaches this second slide, the above operation is repeated.
In the engine shewn at figs. 3 and 4, the same arrangements of parts are
employęd, but with modifications for effecting expansion and for actuating the

page_text: slide. The slide, which is, in this case, marked a, is held closed by a spiral
spring Z, the opening thereof for the passage of the piston being effected by the
cam i on the disc E.
The expansion gear is fixed on the flywheel shaft, and the regulation of the
expansion is effected by shifting the sleeve G by means of the hand wheel and
pinion gearing with the circular teeth on the sleeve. By thus shifting G, a series
of peculiarly shaped levers P on the shaft are consecutively acted upon, so as to
retard the cut off, by retaining the levers W, that slide upon them, for a greater
length of time in their highest position.
On shifting the sleeve & farther away from the cylinder, the degree of expansion
'is increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING SKINS, WOVEN FABRICS, OR OTHER ARTICLES, BY MEANS OF CURRENTS OF WARM OR COLD AIR
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1883. Communicated to him
from abroad by Oscar Lumpp, of Lyon, in the Republic of France.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co:-Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING SKINS, WOVEN FABRICS,
OR OTHER ARTICLES, BY MEANS OF CURRENTS OF WARM OR COLD AIR" [a com-
munication to me from abroad by Oscar Lumpp, of Lyon, in the Republic of
France.]
This invention has for its object improvements in apparatus by which currents
of warm or cold air, used for absorbing moisture from substances with which they
are brought in contact, are constantly renewed or made to circulate.
It is especially adapted for use in drying chambers for drying skins in tanneries,
or where woven fabrics dyed or otherwise treated are suspended in a current of air
which has ordinarily a horizontal movement only, which is of little use or very
difficult to create.
The improved apparatus consists of a building or chamber, in which are
suspended from rails the skins or other articles which are to be dried. At the
upper part of this chamber under the roof is arranged a short vertical shaft turning
in suitable supports carried by cross beams or frames.
This shaft can be made to revolve at the desired speed by toothed wheels and
driving shafts, endless bands or pullies, or other means from any convenient source
of power. Upon the vertical shaft is fixed a boss carrying two or more horizontal
arms upon which are fixed inclined blades or plates.
Vertically, these blades are set in a helical direction, and horizontally they
make with the arms which carry them an angle of from ten to twenty degrees.
The action of the apparatus constructed and arranged as described is as
follows:-
When the blades are set in rapid revolution they draw in at their central part

page_text: the lower layers of air in the chamber, and drive them upward against the roof
and thence laterally and downward at the walls and outer part of the chamber,
two continuous currents being thus produced, one ascending at the centre of the
drying chamber and the other descending at the outer part of the latter. The
articles suspended in the chamber are thus rapidly and effectually dried by the
circulating air which may be either cold or heated in any convenient way.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1883.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHÖNHEYDER of St Stephen's Avenue, Shepherd's
Bush in the County of Middlesex "AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM GENERATORS
"
It has been proposed to employ solutions of certain materials such as caustic
soda for generating steam to work engines in the following manner: The exhaust
steam from the engine is delivered into a vessel containing a strong solution of the
material, and this absorbs the steam giving out heat which is available for
generating farther quantities of steam to work the engine. The solution, however,
becomes gradually weaker and therefore the action is not constant. Now my
invention consists in combining with a generator of this kind a set of recon-
centrating apparatus so arranged that portions of the solution are being constantly
removed from the steam generator to the concentrators and replaced by fresh
portions of concentrated solution, the action of the generator being thus rendered
continuous and uniform. In order to economise the fuel employed for recon-
centration, I effect this operation on the known system of multiple or successive
action in several vessels, the vapor from the one being employed to effect
evaporation in the next in order, so that the solution as it is transferred from each
vessel to the next becomes stronger until finally it is transferred to the steam
generator.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRESSING FLOUR AND OTHER PULVERIZED SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georg Carl Friedrich Paul Janssen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1883.
GEORG CARL FRIEDRICH PAUL JANSSEN of Hamburg, Germany. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR DRESSING FLOUR AND OTHER PULVERIZED SUBSTANCES.'
"
This invention relates to improvements in flour-dressing-machines and other
machines for sifting pulverized substances, in which centrifugal flyers operate or
revolve inside a gauze-covered reel or drum, and the objects of my improvements
are to draw the air required for sifting the meal from the dressing box thus causing
a permanent or continuous circulation of the same air through the apparatus,
whereby a very strong current of air can be applied without loss of material.
At each end of the dressing-reel is attached a fan or ventilator, one of which
rotates inside a wire-safety-basket; the other one is surrounded by a cage affixed
to the bottom of the dressing-reel. This cage has perforations provided at part of
the reel end, covered by a funnel or coned conduit connected with an air-pipe.
The cover of the cage is provided with a number of short air-pipes for introduction
of air into the dressing-reel.
Another similar funnel or coned conduit is placed at the opposite end of the
dressing-reel over the hollow shaft of the reel and communicates with a pipe for
supplying the meal or other substance to be treated and another pipe for
introducing air. Both air-pipes are connected with a chamber, which is attached to
the cover of the dressing-box and communicates therewith—through an opening in
the said cover.
The fans draw the air from the dressing-box into the air-chamber and therefrom
through the air-pipes into the funnels and press such air thence into the dressing-
reel, from whence it returns after passing through. the meshes of the silk covering
the reel to the dressing-box. When a sufficiently large fan can be applied to one
side of the reel, the other fan with its corresponding air-pipe may be omitted.
A safety-valve attached to the air-chamber and opening only towards the interior
of such chamber prevents by introducing air from outside any contraction of the
air-pipes, if in the event of obstruction air fails to or is impeded from entering the
dressing box.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT SUITABLE FOR DRAWING ELLIPSES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1883. A communication
from Gustav R Schulz of Schwiebus in the German Empire
$5
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT SUITABLE FOR DRAWING ELLIPSES
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES" [a communication from Gustav R Schulz of Schwiebus
in the German Empire]
This invention has for its object an instrument whereby ellipses can be readily
drawn and parts of which may serve as a rule, as trammels, compasses parallel rule
and so forth.
The instrument consists first of all of a straight flat bar upon which are marked
suitable divisions. This bar may be solid or consist of two parts united in the
manner common in parallel rulers Upon this simple or compound bar slip three
trammel heads of suitable construction one of which may terminate in a drawing
pen or in a pencil-carrier as is usual in drawing instruments.
Another part of the instrument is a flat plate in which are cut two grooves
which cross one another. At the corners of the plate there may be small screws so
as to fix the plate in the same manner as would be done by drawing pins.
By setting the trammel heads proper distances apart and guiding two of them
in the grooves of the grooved plate, the outer end of the bar carrying the trammel
heads can be readily caused to move in an elliptical path and an ellipse may thus
be set out.
Without the trammel heads the bar may serve for the other purposes which are
hereinabove referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARDROBE SAFETY LOCKS, FOR SECURING SUSPENDED WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Friedrich Martens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1883.
AUGUST FRIEDRICH MARTENS of Hamburg Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARDROBE SAFETY LOCKS, FOR SECURING SUSPENDED WEARING APPAREL
"
This Invention relates to improvements in safety locks which serve to prevent
or protect overcoats and other wearing apparel suspended in public or easily
accessible rooms, or places, from being stolen, or exchanged by, mistake; and the
objects of my improvements are first, to make such safety lock ready for use in
any moment, and second, to adjust it for any thickness of the nail or hook, whereon
the apparel is to be suspended.
The shell of the lock is provided with a perforation of the diameter of a button,
which is advantageously fastened to the garment, instead of the usual tape. A
plate provided with a perforation corresponding with that of the shell is attached
to a rod, sliding inside the lock, and connected by a tension spring with the shell
thereof. Spring tumblers similar to those in a Chubb safety lock, engage with
the teeth of the sliding rod when they are not withdrawn by the corresponding
key. The perforation of the sliding plate is prolonged to the border of the plate
but this prolongation is less broad than the diameter of the perforation in the
shell. The upper part of the shell forms a hook serving to hang the lock at a
suitable nail or dress hook.
After introducing the button or other part into the lock through the two
perforations placed one above the other, the sliding rod is raised until the upper
border of the plate touches the hook or nail serving to suspend the apparel.
Thereby the perforation in the shell is closed partly the slit being less broad and
thus the button or other part fastened to the apparel, is effectively prevented from
being removed from the lock. When the corresponding key disengages the
tumblers from the teeth of the sliding rod the latter is drawn downwards by the
tension spring, and so the perforations are brought in their normal position, one
above the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAISSONS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Frederick Andrews
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1883.
JOHN JOSEPH FREDERICK ANDREWS of the London Yard Isle of Dogs in the
County of Middlesex Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAISSONS”
Whereas in caissons of ordinary construction the chambers or casings for giving
buoyancy thereto have been formed so as to extend across the whole width of the
caisson thereby producing an excess of buoyancy and requiring ballast to counteract
such excess.
Now under my invention belts or casings or air chambers are formed along the
sides or inner skins and all round the caisson, thereby producing sufficient buoyancy
to float the caisson at any required draught of water, but not requiring ballast as
usual in order to steady the caisson.
By thus removing the need of using ballast the difficulty now experienced owing
to unequal distribution of weighting is avoided and the stability and stiffness of
the caisson is ensured.
Watertight trunks, manholes, or other openings to the interior of the casings are
provided as required for painting, repairing or examining
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS OF SANATORY, AND OTHER PIPES, AND OF ELECTRIC WIRE CONDUCTORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adderley Barton Wren at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1883.
ADDERLEY BARTON WREN BA of Lenwol near Bideford Devon-[THE]
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS OF SANATORY, AND OTHER PIPES, AND OF ELECTRIC
WIRE CONDUCTORS
Instead of the socket end usually attached to Pipes, I make mine cylindrical,
or rectangular, throughout their entire length.
To form the joint, the end of one Pipe enters the other for about an inch.
For about an inch from its extremity, one end of a Pipe is reduced to about
half its thickness, by removal of substance from its exterior
Similarly, for about the length of an inch from the other extremity of the Pipe,
it is reduced to about half its thickness, by removal of substance from the interior.
The interior and exterior angles thus formed, by the removal of substance, aro
slightly rounded, to facilitato the opening of the joint when necessary.
One end of a Pipe being introduced into the end of another, the joint is sustained,
held firmly in position, and rendered water-tight by a bandage of Canvass, or other
suitable material well saturated with tar, parafin-wax. or other suitable material
stretched tightly round it.
The joint when used for Sanatory, or other Pipes for conveying water, is further
strengthened by being coated with plastic cement, or other suitable material, and
a Collar Pipe drawn tightly over the cemented joint.
A hole may be made at the top of this Collar, for the adinission of plastic
material if thought desirable.
When used as a joint for Electric Wire Conductors, the Collar is made, divided
longitudinally into halves.
One half is placed under the joint to prevent tipping, the other half being placed
over it for protection, no cement being required.
When examination of the Electric Wire may be required, the upper half is
removed, a sharp knife passed along the joint, separates the bandage, and the joint
opened.
After the examination, the joint is closed, a fresh saturated bandage applied, and
he half Collar replaced.
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel John Williamson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1883.
SAMUEL JOHN WILLIAMSON of 1 Rumford Place Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster Steam Ship Agent &c APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
I place Smaller wheels in such positions that they work upon larger wheels and
I bring weight or pressure to bear on the said smaller wheels in such a manner
that they revolve and cause the larger wheels to revolve and thus move, drive or
propel or assist the moving driving or propulsion of Vehicles (including Ships) or
Machinery of any description, with or without the aid of any other motive power.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR SECURING SCARF PINS IN SCARVES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ernest King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1883.
ALFRED ERNEST KING of Queen's Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR SECURING SCARF PINS IN SCARVES
"
My invention relates to an improved safety appliance for securing scarf pins in
scarves whereby the risk of losing the pin or of its being stolen from the wearer is
avoided, the pin can be inserted in the scarf with much less trouble than hitherto,
the risk of breaking off the head of, or of bending, the pin is avoided, and the scarf
is not liable to become damaged when placing the pin therein.
In carrying out my invention I employ a tube of suitable metal formed with a
slot at the centre or other suitable position in its length and over the said slot I
apply a spring clip which when the appliance is sewn in the scarf will admit of the
pin being easily passed down through the tube without it being necessary to turn
the pin as hitherto but will prevent its being withdrawn therefrom, any pull in an
upward direction causing the spring clip to more tightly hold the pin by bearing
upon the worm of the same; by obviating the necessity of having to turn the pin
when introducing it into the scarf the damage to the scarf hitherto so frequently
resulting therefrom is avoided.
To withdraw the pin from the scarf it is simply necessary to remove the
pressure of the spring therefrom.
Suitable means are provided for attaching the appliance to the scarf.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' DECKS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bruce Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1883.
WILLIAM BRUCE THOMPSON of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer and Ship Builder "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' DECKS"
This invention which relates to an improved construction of ships' decks has
reference especially to the iron or steel decks of ships which are built of iron
or steel.
The object of the Invention is to dispense with the existing practice of covering,
with wood, the iron or steel decks of both iron or steel ships, as well as to dispense
with the cost of so covering such decks and to diminish the weight of such
covering as well as to render such covering waterproof.
This object is effected by covering the iron or steel decks with the material
known as Corticine or with an analogous material which has properties analogous
to those of Corticine, namely, lightness combined with hardness and sufficient
stiffness together with being waterproof. The Corticine or analogous material is,
or may be, in the first place, fixed to the iron or steel plates constituting the deck.
by means of an elastic cement or by marine glue or other suitable adhesive
substance, which will resist the action of heavy bodies falling or being thrown
upon the deck without loosening the Corticine or analogous covering.-In order to
still further protect the Corticine or analogous covering from destruction by the
cargo or other bodies being dragged or moved upon the deck, the butt joints of
the Corticine are laid over with strips of galvanized iron or other metal, or with
bard wood, or vulcanized caoutchouc; strips of any one or more of these said
materials being also fastened down upon the said Corticine at narrow intervals,
say for example from one foot upwards apart and longitudinally upon the ship's
deck and secured thereto by screws or by an equivalent fastening.-The said strips
also forming an effectual foot-hold upon the deck.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stefano Lattuada at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1883.
STEFANO LATTUADA of Milan Italy but at present of N° 2 Great St Helens in
the City of London "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING AND
REMOVING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
"
My Invention relates to a composition for preventing and removing the
calcareous or saline incrustation that forms in steam and other boilers. For this
purpose I mix together about 7 parts by weight of Sal Ammoniac, 4 parts of
Gambier or Catechu, 1 part of powdered gall nut and 1 to 2 parts soda. This
mixture applied in about 1000 times its weight in water prevents formation of
calcareous or saline incrustation and has the effect of detaching such incrustation,
and also of preserving the metal against corrosion.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED ENVELOPE AND NOTE PAPER PACKET
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1883. Commu-
nicated to him from abroad by Samuel Joseph Spurgeon, of Houstonia in the
County of Pettis and State of Missouri, United States of America
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M. and W. Clark of 53 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents
AN IMPROVED COMBINED ENVELOPE AND NOTE PAPER PACKET [Communicated to
him from abroad by Samuel Joseph Spurgeon, of Houstonia in the County of
Pettis and State of Missouri, United States of America]
This Invention relates to a combined envelope and paper packet which is very
convenient especially for travellers and avoid the necessity of folding the sheets.
According to this Invention a series of sheets of writing or note paper which
may be ruled if desired are united at one corner by an eyelet or any other suitable
analogous device by means of which eyelet a covering sheet is held on the packet
said covering sheet being of the size of the sheets of writing paper with an
additional flap having one edge cut diagonally. The width of the flap at the
widest end may be equal to the width of the sheets of note paper or may be slightly
greater or less as may be desired. The flap is gummed along its diagonal edge on
the inner surface and if desired the entire outer corner may be gummed. In use
the writer writes on one or both sides of the sheets and then folds them over the
eyelet. The covering sheet is preferably creased at the base of the flap and is
folded over the uppermost sheet of note paper the gummed. edge and corner of the
flap are moistened and the flap is folded over the lowest sheet to which it adheres
and the outer corner is folded over the uppermost sheet to which it also adheres
thereby holding the packet closed. The stamps can be gummed on the corner of
the flap or on the edge of the same as a further security. More or less sheets can
be contained in the packet. The above described combined envelope and paper
packet is very convenient especially for travellers. The sheets need not be folded
and it affords very great convenience in filing the letters. If desired the covering
sheet can be made of thicker paper than the rest of the sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robert Salmon Backhouse at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1883.
JOHN ROBERT SALMON BACKHOUSE of Scarcroft near Leeds in the County of
York "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
"
The object of my invention is to provide an arrangement for receiving and
directing the nicotine (resulting from smoking tobacco) away from the stem
rendering the pipe much more cleanly and agreeable to smoke.
At the bottom and within the bowl is provided a receptacle or reservoir to
receive the nicotine. This is covered by a perforated plug. The hole forming the
receptacle is bored completely through the bottom of the bowl to the outside A
plug is inserted in the bottom of this hole from the outside by preference
resembling in appearance the ordinary pipe heel. The smoke passage through the
stem is turned or inclined upwards at the end next to the bowl and enters the
interior of such bowl a little above the nicotine receptacle or reservoir and thus
preventing any of the nicotine passing into the stem. By having the smoke
passage in the stem inclined upwards towards the bowl a collection of saliva at
the junction between the bowl and the stem is also avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING BY FOG SIGNALS THE DIRECTION OF A SHIPS COURSE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christmas Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1883.
CHRISTMAS THOMAS of 49 Elenor Street East, in the Borough of South Shields,
Master Mariner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING BY FOG SIGNALS
THE DIRECTION OF A SHIPS COURSE."
•
My Improvements in indicating by fog signals a ships courso, consists in
attaching to the whistle lever an arrangement whereby it is operated during a fog
at sea and while the ship is on her course as follows:-
I mount fast upon a spindle a series of eight discs or cam wheels all revolving
together but one only to be in operation at a time. I construct a rider to bear
upon one of the discs which rider is attached to a bell crank or other convenient
device by which the whistle is operated The discs upon the spindle are cut away
at intervals on the circumference so as to present in their revolution alternately
high and low parts and thereby to raise or allow to fall the rider before described.-
The cutting away of the discs regulating this rise and fall and by the gear before
described regulating the sounding or silence of the whistle in definite intervals
according to the progress of the revolution of the shaft and the contour of the disc
operating the rider.-I place the rider upon a square or keyed weigh bar, laid
parallel to the axis on which the discs revolve, with a set scrow or other convenient
device for fixing its position so as that I may slide it along to lie over any desired
disc and then fix it. The bell crank for operating the whistle is fixed at one end
of this weigh bar. As an illustration of the mode of operating my invention I
may say that for a course north I may have on the N. or first disc, 1 short and
1 long interval of elevation of the rider and therefore of sound of the whistle, for
North East and on the second disc 2 short and 1 long intervals, for East on the
third disc 1 short, 1 long and then 1 short interval, for South East 1 short and
2 long, for South 1 long and 1 short, for South West 1 long and 2 short, for West
1 long 1 short and 1 long, and for North West 2 long and 1 short intervals on the
eighth disc; the code being arranged beforehand I prefer to operate the revolution
of the spindle carrying the discs by means of worm wheel and worm and to have
a locking arrangement whereby it can only be turned in one direction and so as to
produce such distinct interval as to iudicate clearly the beginning and end of the
signal.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING PROVISIONS AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTER
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1883. Communicated to him
from abroad by Emil Passburg, a person resident at Moscow, in the Russian
Empire.
JASPER WETTER, of Wimbledon, Surrey, "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR DRYING PROVISIONS AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTER," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Emil Passburg, a person resident at Moscow, in the
Russian Empire.
This invention has for its object to dry animal and vegetable matter economically
in a short time and at a comparatively low temperature, for the purpose of
preserving them. For this purpose I introduce the substances to be preserved into
a hermetically closed vessel, kept at a temperature not exceeding 100 degrees
Centigrade, and produce in the said vessel a high vacuum by means of an air-pump,
Bo as to evaporate the greatest part of the water contained in the organic substances
thus treated. If the coagulation of albumen is to be avoided, the temperature
should not exceed 75° Centigrade, and during the evaporation, the temperature
need not be kept much higher than the boiling point of water corresponding to the
pressure of the vacuum. The aqueous vapour formed is removed by the air pump
and subsequently condensed.
The apparatus for carrying out the process may consist of a wrought-iron vessel
containing any suitable number of parallel cast-iron pipes connected with each
other and with an air-pump, each pipe having a removable lid packed with
india-rubber or other suitable material for hermetically closing the pipe. The
space between the vessel and the pipes is filled with hot water kept at the desired
temperature and forming a heating jacket for the pipes, which latter contain the
organic substances to be dried.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING FOUL OR IMPURE AIR OR GASES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1883.
THOMAS CLAYTON of Ashton-on-Mersey in the County of Chester Mechanic.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING FOUL OR IMPURE
AIR OR GASES."
"
The object of my Invention is to construct an apparatus for exhausting foul or
impure air or gases and thus to secure the better ventilation of buildings, ships,
tunnels, mines and other places.
In carrying my Invention into effect I employ a cylinder or drum with a
number of curved buckets or tubes open at the ends and closed, at the sides: this
cylinder is secured to a shaft which passes through its centre and is driven in any
convenient manner the cylinder revolves in a case partly filled with water, the
level of the water being maintained at a point slightly above the centre of the
cylinder. Each of the buckets is of such length that one end or both ends is
constantly below the level of the water; the buckets are connected with a tube
through which the foul air is conveyed away-as the cylinder revolves each of
the buckets in turn becomes filled with foul air and as the mouth of the bucket
enters the water the foul air is driven into the space between the water and the
inner casing of the cylinder from which it is discharged through the pipe previously
mentioned.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUND, TO BE USED FOR RAMMING OR TAMPING GUNPOWDER IN COAL MINES, IN GUNPOWDER MILLS AND MAGAZINES, AND IN OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS DESIRED THAT THE PRODUCTION OF SPARKS SHOULD BE PREVENTED
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lawrence and Joseph Lamdin
Ryott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October ⚫
1883.
"
HENRY LAWRENCE and JOSEPH LANDIN RYOTT, both of Durham in the County
of Durham 'A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC COMPOUND, TO BE USED FOR
RAMMING OR TAMPING GUNPOWDER IN COAL MINES, IN GUNPOWDER MILLS AND
MAGAZINES, AND IN OTHER PLACES WHERE IT IS DESIRED THAT THE PRODUCTION
OF SPARKS SHOULD BE PREVENTED
"
Our invention relates to a new metallic compound, to be used as a substitute for
copper, gun metal, brass, or other metal or mixture of metals as heretofore used, in
all situations where there is the possibility of explosion of gases, gunpowder, or
other explosive materials, by means of sparks struck from the contact of such
metals or mixture of metals with mineral or other substances.
In coal mines and other mines, where the process of blasting is necessary, holes
are drilled to receive the gunpowder or other explosive material which is to be used,
and after the latter has been inserted, the holes are filled up with material which is
rammed or tamped into them by means of metal bars, and in order to avoid the
possibility of sparks being emitted by the friction or blows of such metal bars
against the side of the hole or the tamping material, and the consequent danger of
premature explosion, it is usual to make the bars of copper, gun-metal or brass.
In the same way similar materials are used instead of iron or steel in the metal
fittings of gunpowder mills or magazines, or other places where explosive materials
are made or stored. And where wheels are set in rapid rotation in places where
there is any fear of sparks being produced by their friction, as for instance where
locomotives are used in collieries or mines in which explosive gases are present, and
where the slipping of the wheels might produce sparks, it has also been proposed to
use wheels having tyres of copper or gunmetal, instead of iron and steel.
Our present invention hasfor its object a combination or compound of different
metals, which may be used for the different purposes and in the circumstances
described, or in circumstances of a similar kind, the said compound being incapable

page_text: of emitting sparks by friction or blows against mineral or other substances even in
cases where it is possible that sparks might be so emitted by means of gun metal or
other metals as heretofore used."
We take a composition consisting of
'
T
The materials are melted and thoroughly incorporated together, and are then cast 1
and worked in the ordinary way into the articles required for the different purposes
described.
We do not confine ourselves to the exact proportions given above of the several
materials, which proportions may be varied somewhat to suit the different
circumstances to which the compound is to be applied, but we have found the above 1
proportions to give very satisfactory results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR FINISHING OR POLISHING MOULDINGS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st Juno 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by Joseph Grosscjambe of Evreux France
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR FINISHING
OR POLISHING MOULDINGS"
Grossejambe of Evreux France]
[a communication to him from abroad by Joseph
This invention relates to machinery for finishing or polishing mouldings.
In forming mouldings a machine which carries a cylindrical tool holder is used,
but the work produced by this machine is imperfect and requires to bo finished.
This finishing has heretofore been accomplished by hand by means of wooden
tools of such a shape as to correspond with the moulding and is termed polishing.
This operation occupies a considerable time and is also expensive.
According to this invention I construct a machine which effects mechanically
and more regularly the polishing or finishing heretofore done by hand.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a main shaft which rests
upon two pedestals and actuates a rod connected with the frame of the tool holder.
I also provide pulleys one being fixed and the other mounted loosely. The main
shaft carries an excentric the rod of which acts upon a second connecting rod
jointed to a pawl; this pawl works a ratchet wheel which directs the carriage. A
second pawl acts upon the said ratchet wheel and prevents it from turning
backward.
The shaft which carries the said ratchet wheel also carries a gear wheel which
effects a forward movement of the carriage by means of a rack fixed upon the said
carriage and which engages with the said gear wheel.
The carriage moves upon rollers arranged upon the frame which supports the
whole of the machinery. The moulding which is being operated upon is conducted
by guides the position of which are regulated by means of screws passing through
lateral grooves arranged in the said guides. The return motion of the carriage is
effected by means of a pinion which is in gear with the said gear wheel; the shaft
of this pinion carries two pulleys one of which is fixed, the other being loose;
these pulleys permit the carriage to return when it has reached the end of a
moulding. The first connecting rod sets the frame and tool-holder in motion,

page_text: being connected to the same by means of a bolt. The polishing tool is fixed by
means of a bolt in the frame or tool holder which moves between guides which
are movable and can be adjusted by means of screws. The sides of the said guides
are held between pressure plates also by means of a screw. The height of the
said slides may be altered by screws which are caused to ascend or descend by !
means of wheels connected together by a band or chain. I provide a plate having
shafts, levers, and supports in connection therewith for regulating the movement
of the carriage; the said supports carry weights.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LAYING OF WOOD PAVEMENT, OR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAME
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1883.
A communication from Robert Albrecht of Tilsit Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the firm of J. Brandt
& G. W v Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer of 124 Leipzigerstrasse
Berlin, Germany "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LAYING OF WOOD PAVEMENT, OR IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAME (A communication from Robert Albrecht of Tilsit
Germany)
"
Hitherto wood pavement has been laid in such a manner that the single blocks
are simply laid side by side and the interstices filled with cement, tar and sand.
However this mode of joining the single wood blocks is not sufficiently firm
therefore an absolutely firm foundation consisting of strong concrete must be put
down first, whereby the cost of the wood pavement is considerably augmented.
In order to produce a cheap wood pavement the costly concrete foundation must
firstly be done away with, instead of which the wood blocks must be joined to one
another in such a manner, that the pressure on a single block shall not be, as
beretofore directly on the foundation below it, but be first taken up and shared by
the neighbouring blocks and thus transferred to the foundation.
The inventor attains this hereby that the wood blocks are provided with grooves
in their sides into which are pushed sheet iron or other metal strips which bind
every two adjoining blocks together.
The grooves are of course only half as deep as the breadth of the iron strips to
be used.
It is not necessary for the grooves to be in the middle of the wood blocks they
may be placed higher or lower by which connection the pressure exerte: froin
above on adjoining wood blocks is distributed in such a manner that every wood
block has itself as much support as a stone or concrete foundation is capable of
giving. The previous roadway foundation surface or layer of other cheap material
may be used as a foundation when first well stumped.
Unburnt bricks for instance with clay mortar form a cheap foundation which is
only a trifle dearer than gravel bedding.

page_text: At the side where the wood blocks rest against the kerbstone, the blocks are
provided with a firmer foundation consisting of two rows of burnt bricks laid here
in cement because only half of the pressure exerted hereon is communicated to the
surrounding bricks. The rest of the foundation consists of unburnt clay bricks
It is to be remarked that wood pavement laid according to this invention will 5
not wear out so soon as that used heretofore, because the wood blocks rest on an
elastic layer.
'