CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDER- ING CERTAIN MATERIALS APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER, PAPER, PAPIER MACHE, AND OIL CLOTHS, IN VARIOUS ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE
Year: 1847

page_text: WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of November, in the eleventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Salmen, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Samuel Salmen, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Salmen, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times during the continuance of the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention, communicated
to me by a Foreigner residing abroad, of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDER-
ING CERTAIN MATERIALS APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER, PAPER, PAPIER
MACHE, AND OIL CLOTHS, IN VARIOUS ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Samuel Salmen, do cause
a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said .in part
recited Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, the said
Samuel Salmen, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried out, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, that is
to say:-
The Invention consists in the preparing and combining together of materials,
such as woven fabrics, cloths, or other similar substances, with certain com-
pounds composed of boiled linseed oil, litharge, and umber, or other similar
substances, and subjecting them, when so combined, to the action of a press or
of rollers, for the purpose of ensuring a perfect union between the layers
or thicknesses of the cloth or other substances employed, and afterwards
japanning or varnishing the surfaces of the same with any desired color. I
use and employ the new material, manufactured according to my herein-after
described process, as a substitute for leather and such like similar substances,
for cap peaks, straps, braces, chaise aprons, harness, and for other articles.
The composition I employ consists of boiled linseed oil mixed with litharge and
umber or other such similar materials, and in such proportions as will ensure
sufficient fluidity of the composition for the purpose of being applied to the
layers or thicknesses of the fabrics or cloths employed. I also use the same
composition mixed either with gold or silver litharge, or oxide of lead, for the
purpose of coating the outer surfaces of the layers or thicknesses of fabrics or
cloths, preparatory to the application of the varnish or japan. The process I
employ is as follows:-I take a sufficient number of pieces of cloth, or other
suitable substance or material, to give the required thickness of the manufac-
tured article; I then coat the surfaces with the composition herein-before
described, made of litharge and umber or such like substances, which composi-
tion may be applied either in a cold or heated state, but I prefer it to be
applied cold. The layers of the fabric employed are then to be brought into
close contact, which may be done by squeezing them with the hand, and then
allowed to dry; when sufficiently dry, the layers, thus coated, are to be
submitted to the action of a press or roller, by which means they become
hardened and thoroughly incorporated. The partially manufactured material
is now stretched upon a frame in such manner that both sides or surfaces
thereof may be easily accessible. A composition is then applied to one or both
sides or surfaces of the material, as may be required, for the purpose of thick-
ening the material and making the surfaces smooth. This composition is the
same as herein-before described, of boiled linseed oil, litharge, and umber, but
having in addition thereto, if required, gold or silver litharge, or oxide of lead.
After this composition has become thoroughly dry, one or both (as required)

page_text: of the surfaces of the material may be varnished or japanned in the usual
manner with any required color, the surface being smoothed previously by
pumice stone or other means. This completes the process, and the manufac-
tured material may now be used and employed in the manufacture of various
articles.
I do not confine myself to the employment solely of the materials or sub-
stances herein-before described, as other materials or substances than those
named may be used and employed for effecting the like object. Nor do I
confine myself to the precise process of manufacture, as that also may be varied
without departing from the principle of the said Invention.
-
But what I claim is, the manufacture of a material from one or more
layers or pieces of cloth or other suitable fabric, cemented together by the
composition herein-before described, or by other similar suitable composition,
and afterwards pressed as herein-before described, which material is applicable
as a substitute for leather for various articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Salmen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.