Improvements connected with Apparatus for Mechanically Cooling Air for Refrigerating Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 20th Nov., 1897
ITION.
Improvements connected with Apparatus for Mechanically Cooling
Air for Refrigerating Purposes.
We, WILLIAM GARDEN, of 79 Wightman Road, Harringay, and THOMAS COLE
and WILLIAM LAWES COLE, of Burdett Road, both in the County of London, En-
gineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements connected with apparatus for mechani-
cally cooling air for refrigerating purposes.
For the purpose of this invention, we provide a series of pipes or as many as
are necessary in a nest fitted between two boxes with spiral blades either on the
inside or on the outside in which latter case one pipe is enclosed in another.
It is not necessary that the pipes be of circular formation as they may he
square or rectangular in cross section, and if desired they may vary in length
with intermediate boxes or chambers and be more or less employed in conjunction
with ice containing vessels, so that air forced through may flow a kind of zigzag
course to take up every possible unit of cold before passing into the chamber or in
contact with material to he cooled. Screens, deflector or retarding plates or
baffles can be fitted in the tubes, and where a natural or slightly assisted draught
is required, a flame of Gas or Oil Lamp in escape uptake will effect this
object.
The cooling medium may be passed under pressure through the pipes with
spirals, or all the pipes may have spiral blades, so that both the air to be cooled
and the cooling medium, say, water, by constant breaking up action in transit
all the molecules or the like can be efficiently brought under the operation.
In cases where the air is only reduced in temperature in or by one appliance,
it can by a colder column be injected under pressure and in proportion to the
varying quantities and the strength or the arrangement of the blast the desired
degree of coldness could be maintained and varied at will.
Dated this 30th day of November 1896.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London
Agent for the said William Garden, Thomas Cole, and
William Lawes Cole.

page_text: Improvements connected with Apparatus for Mechanically Cooling
Air for Refrigerating Purposes.
.
We, WILLIAM GARDEN, of 79 Wightman Road, Harringay, and THOMAS COLE
and WILLIAM LAWES COLE, of Burdett Road, both in the County of London, En-
gineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements connected with apparatus for mechani-
cally cooling air for refrigerating purposes.
For the purpose of this invention, we provide a series of pipes or as many as
are necessary in a nest fitted between two boxes with spiral blades either on the
inside or on the outside in which latter case one pipe is enclosed in another.
It is not necessary that the pipes be of circular formation as they may be
square or rectangular in cross section and if desired they may vary in length
with intermediate boxes or chambers and be more or less employed in conjunction
with ice containing vessels, so that air forced through may flow in a kind of zigzag
course to take up every possible unit of cold before passing into the chamber or in
contact with material to be cooled. Screens, deflector ar retarding plates or
baffles can be fitted in the tubes, and where a natural or slightly assisted draught.
is required, a flame of Gas or Oil Lamp in escape uptake will effect this
object.
The cooling medium may be passed under pressure through the pipes with
spirals, or all the pipes may have spiral blades, so that both the air to be cooled
and the cooling medium, say, water by constant breaking up action in transit
all the molecules or the like can be efficiently brought under the operation.
In cases where the air is only reduced in temperature in only one appliance,
it can by a colder column be injected under pressure and in proportion to the
varying quantities and the strength or the arrangement of the blast the desired
degree of coldness could be maintained and varied at will.
The invention will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed drawings.
Figure 1 plan in part section of an apparatus to which this invention is specially
applicable.
Figure 2 side elevation showing the application of the invention with a structure
such as is shown at Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 show the invention somewhat in detail.
The general arrangement of the Machine, in which the invention is shown,
consists of a wedge shaped box bed plate A, on the higher end B of which is
carried a crank shaft C, on the lower end we mount an air compressing
cylinder E, on the higher end B and in a vertical line above the shaft C, we
mount an air expanding cylinder Fon a breeches column G straddling the
crank. The crank pin we make of sufficient length to receive both connecting
rod brasses, the end of one rod being forked for this purpose. In this way the
two cylinders E, F, are brought on the same centre line and the strains are
centralized.
The crank shaft C also actuates a double actioned pump H by the eccentric I
for forcing water by the pipe J and spray in the chamber K for spraying water
in the compressing cylinder E by the pipe L, the water being taken from the
water trap M (in which the supply is controlled by a ball tap N) and from a
duct respectively.
In proximity to the pumping and air compression appliances, the chamber or

page_text: casing K is arranged, this having perforated or grating shelves Q carrying cubes
or spheres R of any suitable material, and above this is arranged the apparatus
forming the present invention which consists of a nest of tubes S (shown in dotted
lines Figure 1 (plan) and Figure side elevation and in full lines Figure 4)
these being fixed in plates T, T, secured to a casing U.
18.
Inside these tubes S, we place a spiral V made by winding thin metal strips
edgeways round a central stem W, thus forming one or more spiral passages
in each tube S, the spirals V being soldered, brazed, or made to fit tight to the
inner portion of the tubes S for perfect metallic contact.
The casing U in which the tubes S are arranged is of metal or wood, or of
both and has two openings X, Y, at the side for the purpose hereafter explained,.
the lower opening Y carrying a flap valve. The casing has deflector plates Z
fitted from alternate sides.
The top of the casing U is dome shaped above the tubes S and communicates
with the expansion cylinder F by a pipe a, a pipe b communicating from the
expansion cylinder F with the storage chamber c.
The portion of the pipe b in the upper part of the storage chamber c is encircled
by a wooden or other trough d of much greater capacity and has its exits e ar-
ranged outside the trough d for communication with the storage chamber c.
f is a fan for extracting the upper strata and somewhat warmer air from the
storage chamber c through the openings g and passing it through the trough d
and in contact with the pipe for re-entry into the storage chamber at h.
All the mechanism is operated by the pulleys and belting actuated from a
prime mover situated in any suitable position.
k is the entry room provided with two doors l, m, for communication with the
storage chamber in the usual manner.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
Air is first drawn into the compression cylinder E through inlet valves (not
shown) and there compressed to any given pressure and then delivered through
outlet valves into the pipe n and thence through the trap I into the chamber K.
During the compression, water is sprayed by the pump H through the pipe L
into the cylinder E to reduce the heat of compression
The dense air in passing through the chamber K gets divided by contact with
the cubes or spheres R in the shelves Q and has the remaining heat of compression
taken from it by contact in its finally divided condition with a spray of water
falling from the pipe J from the pump H, the water also trickling around and
about the cubes or spheres R for efficient action.
The cooled air then passes up the passages formed by the spirals V and is led
by the expansion cylinder F through the pipes a, b, to the upper part of the
storage chamber c where it issues in a cold state and in consequence of its specific
gravity being heavier than the somewhat warmer air at that part of the storage
chamber, it falls, the somewhat warmer air or upper strata being removed by
the fan through the opening g, the fan f causing such air to pass along the
trough and by coming in contact with the pipe b containing the cold air and
moving in a reverse direction becomes cooled and re-enters the chamber cat
the other side, or at any desired part. By this means a constant circulation of
cold air is kept up in the storage chamber, the walls of which are lined with
silicate of cotton or other non-conductor of heat.
The surplus cold air in the storage chamber passes by a pipe (not shown) to
the opening X in the casing U where it passes between the pipes and caused to
travel in a zigzag manner by the deflector plates Z for cominunicating its cold-
ness to the air passing up the spiral passages and away to the atmosphere by the
valved outlet Y.
It will be understood that the air on leaving the expanding cylinder F is
intensely cold but by the method of circulation of same in the storage chamber a
the desired degree of temperature is attained and the distribution of the intensely
cold air from the refrigerator & through between the tubes S in the casing Ü

page_text: brings the temperature of the incoming air to approximate or nearly as possible
to that required in the storage chamber c.
When a moderately low temperature is required, a part or all of the air in
the trough d may be diverted at a point where the air has been reduced to the
desired temperature and led away by ducts to the storage chamber.
The quantity or volume of the air passing through the air ducts and passages
or apparatus may be controlled by slides or doors covering the various openings
thereto. Further by making the bottom side of the trough d of suitable depth,
trays or vessels containing water may be placed under and close to the intensely
cold surface of the pipe b with or without the reverse air current in operation,
in this way Ice of fine texture and clearness may be produced.
The interchange of heat will be effected in the following way, two currents of
any fluid such as air or water at different temperatures being caused to flow
through the apparatus in opposite directions, that is, one current along the spiral
passage inside the tubes, and the other current passing around the tubes inside
the casing, the temperature of the fluids will approximate closely at either end
of the apparatus.
The water from the pipe J falls into the bottom of the casing K and flows
away to a drain by the outlet 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
The employment of a series of pipes (containing spiral passages) and deflector
plates in a casing for refrigerating purposes, the air to be used passing along the
spiral passages in pipes and the degree of temperature required approximately
ensured by a reverse current of cold air passing in a zigzag manner caused by
the deflector plates along the outside of the pipes, as described and substantially
as shown.
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H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166 Fleet Street, London
Agent for the said William Garden, Thomas Cole, and
William Lawes Cole.