IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DEWING, DAMPING, AND OILING FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Barraclough, of Boy's Mill, Halifax,
in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DEWING, DAMPING, AND OILING FABRICS
AND FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Barraclough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th May 1873.
I, ARTHUR BARRAOLOUGH, of Boy's Mill, Halifax, in the County of
York, Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DEWING, DAMPING, AND
OILING FABRICS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the apparatus for which former Letters
Patent were granted to me on the 24th day of February 1871, No. 495.
In the Specification of the said Patent I described how the fluids were

page_text: distributed and delivered upon fabrics or fibres in the form of mist or
fine spray, by means of a double series of nozzles, some of which are in
communcation with the cistern containing the fluids to be dispersed, the
others being supplied with air under pressure. Now my present In-
vention consists in causing the liquid by compression or suction to issue
with force by very fine orifices, and the reduction of the liquid to the
state of mist or fine spray is effected by the striking of the liquid jet
against an obstacle; this obstacle may be a solid body, current of air, or
steam, or another jet of liquid.
I now proceed to describe several arrangements for carrying out my
Invention.
When the jets of liquid are caused to strike against a solid obstacle,
it may be a half cylinder or trough equal in length to the breadth of the
abric to be treated. In the centre of the trough is a tube pierced at its
two sides with fine orifices or an elongated aperture or apertures,
through which the liquid is forced by a pump or pumps from the
reservoir containing the liquid, the jets of liquid issuing from the orifices
and striking forcibly against the trough are reduced to the state of mist
or fine spray, thus coming in contact with the fabric which is caused to
travel by suitable mechanism above the trough, the fabric absorbing the
mist or spray. Instead of the trough a screen of fine wire cloth or a
perforated plate may be substituted, in which case the orifices or an
elongated aperture or apertures are on one side only of the tube, and the
fabric travels horizontally or vertically on the other side of the screen
or perforated plate.
In another arrangement a current of steam is brought into contact with
the liquid jet or jets, so as to reduce it to fine spray, or a strong current
of air from a blowing apparatus may be employed, the orifice by which
the liquid issues being concentric with the current of air or otherwise.
Sometimes I reduce the liquid to mist or fine spray by bringing two jets
of the liquid into contact with each other, on issuing through their
respective orifices; this may be effected by having the orifices arranged
in pairs at such an angle as in a gas burner that the jets will meet each
other, or it may be otherwise effected. Or the reduction of the jets may
be produced by the simple resistance of atmospheric air. For this purpose
very fine holes are pierced in a plate or tube of thin metal, the liquid is

page_text: forced through these holes by strong pressure, and not being guided
become divided or spread by the resistance of the air. Or the reduction
may be effected by centrifugal force, a tube pierced with holes having
a rapid rotary motion imparted to it, so that the liquid is thrown
out with great force in a fine state of division; it may then be caused
to pass through a metallic cloth, but the resistance of the air will
generally suffice to produce a fine mist.
In applying oil or other liquid to fibrous materials I produce and
disperse them as a mist or fine spray by the means already described,
and I combine either of these apparatuses, with a "Dule" tenter hook
teaser, carding machine, or other suitable machine for preparing tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Barraclough in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
BARRACLOUGH, of Boy's Mill, Halifax, in the County of York, Woollen
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Arthur Barraclough, Her special licence
that I, the said Arthur Barraclough, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Barraclough, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DEWING, DAMPING, AND OLLING FABRICS AND
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Arthur Barraclough my executors or administrators, by an instru-

page_text: ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Barraclough, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus for
which former Letters Patent were granted to me on the Twenty-fourth
day of February One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, Number
495, whereby liquids are dispersed in a mist or fine spray for damping
and oiling fabrics and fibrous materials. The liquid is caused by com-
pression or suction to issue with force through very fine orifices, and
the reduction of the liquid to the state of mist or fine spray is offected
by the striking of the liquid jet against an obstacle, this obstacle may
be a solid body, a current of air, or steam, or another jet of liquid.
I will now proceed to describe several arrangements of apparatus for
carrying my Invention into operation, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
When the jets of liquid are caused to strike against a solid obstacle
it may be a half cylinder or trough, as represented in the side elevation,
Fig. 1, and in plan in Fig. 2. The trough A is equal in length to the 2
breadth of the fabric to be treated; in the centre of the trough A is a
tube B pierced at its two sides with fine orifices c, c; tho tube B is con-
nected with the liquid in the reservoir D by means of the tube E through
which the liquid is forced to the orifices c, c, by the pressure which is
maintained in the reservoir by a pump or pumps which are not shown in
the Drawing, F being the supply pipe from the pumps to the reservoir.
The air space G above the liquid serves to equalize the pressure. The
jets of liquid issuing from the orifices c, and striking forcibly against
the trough A are reduced to a state of mist or fine spray. The
fabric is caused by suitable mechanism to travel over the roller and a
between the drawing rollers h², h³, the fabric in passing above the

page_text: :
trough absorbs the mist or spray. The trough A may be replaced by an
inclined plate or by any other suitable solid obstacle.
In the apparatus shewn in Fig. 3, the reduction of the liquid to a
state of mist or fine spray is effected by the liquid passing through a
screen of metallic cloth or a perforated plate, as represented at A¹, upon
issuing under pressure from the orifices c (which are on one side only)
of the tube B. The fabric / passes vertically before the spray and over
the rollers h¹, h³, to the swinging frame h³. The liquid may be further
reduced by forcing it through the several screens of metallic cloth,
as A', A2, A3, shown at Fig. 7. The letters in this Figure represent the
same parts as those in Figs. 1 and 3.
An clongated aperture or apertures may be substituted in the tube B,
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in place of the orifices, as shewn at c, c. Compression
may be applied to a machine similar to Figs. 1, 3, and 7, by admitting
a blast of wind or steam under pressure through the pipe F, in which
case the liquid in the reservoir D is kept at a uniform level by a constant
pressure through a suitable supply pipe.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 4, the reduction of the liquid to the
state of mist or fine spray is effected by a pressure of wind or steam
issuing from the nozzle c coming in contact with the descending liquid;
at its exit from the orifice a the fabric / is caused to travel in the
direction indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 5 represents in section a concentric nozzle, a pressure of wind or
steam is admitted by the tube c into the chamber c¹, c¹, which comes in
contact at B, with the liquid on issuing from the orifice A of the con-
centric tube. A' is a supply pipe from the reservoir (not shewn) con-
taining the liquid. A number of these nozzles may be arranged parallel
to cach other upon a suitable frame, before which the fabric to be
treated is caused to travel. A similar effect may be obtained by ad-
mitting the pressure of wind or steam through the concentric tube A
and the liquid into the chambers c³, c¹. The meeting or striking together
of two liquids may be effected by the apparatus shewn in Fig. 1, by
substituting for the tube B a series of orifices, each having two fine
holes at such an angle to each other (as in some gas burners) that the
iets issuing therefrom' will meet each other.

page_text: Fig. 6 represents a side elevation of the nozzles as shewn and
described in the Specification of the Patent, No. 495, above referred to.
In that Specification I fully described the manner by which spray was
produced from these nozzles with a current or blast of wind. By this
present Invention I produce a better effect with these nozzles by
applying a pressure of steam in the place of a current or blast of
wind.
The reduction of the liquid to a state of mist or fine spray may also
be effected by the arrangement of apparatus represented at Fig. 8, the
liquid is sustained in the reservoir D at a uniform level by any suitable
means, the pressure of wind or steam entering the reservoir through
the tube C, assists the liquid to rise to the nozzle b, and the wind or
steam issuing from the nozzle a, drives the liquid forwards, which being
no longer confined is reduced to mist or fine spray by the resistance of
the atmosphere. A mode by which the liquid is reduced to a state of
mist or fine spray is effected by piercing a tube of thin metal with fine
holes and forcing the liquid through these by pressure, which liquid
becomes reduced to spray by the resistance of the atmosphere which
forms the obstacle. The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 may be employed
in this case, the perforated tube taking the place of the tube B, the
trough A being dispensed with. In another mode centrifugal force is
employed. A tube pierced with holes has rapid rotary motion imparted
to it whereby the liquid is projected with great force in a state of division;
it may then be made to pass through a metallic cloth whereby still
greater division is obtained.
Fig. 9 represents a side elevation of part of a machine for preparing
fibres with a concentric nozzle arranged for applying oil or other liquids
to fibrous materials. The action of this nozzle is the same as that already
described, and shewn in Fig. 5, D₁, D³, being respectively the reservoirs
for containing the liquid, and the air or steam under pressure. The
mist or spray issuing from the orifice B is delivered upon the fibres as
they are thrown from the fan x of the preparing machine. The whole
of the arrangements described above are applicable in principle for dis-
tributing liquids upon fibrous materials, and when attached to preparing
machines their position may be in different parts and not confined to the
position shown in Fig. 9.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that
what I claim is, causing jets of liquid to strike against an obstacle so
that they are reduced to the state of mist or fine spray, and bringing
the liquid, when so divided, upon fabrics and fibrous materials for the
purpose of damping and oiling the same, all substantially as herein-
hofora desoxibed
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Barraclough, have hereto
set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-three.
ARTHUR BARRACLOUGH. (L.S.)
ARTHUR BARRACLOUGH. (L.S.)