matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOG SIGNALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1874.
I, EDWARD JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for“ Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOG SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention of improvements in the manufacture of
fog signals is to render these articles impervious to water, as should
water penetrate to the interior of the case containing the powder, and
thereby damp the latter, the signal will probably fail to explode when
required.
In order to render fog signals waterproof they are usually varnished
over or coated with some waterproof composition which will exclude
water so long as such composition remains uninjured, but should the
varnish or other protecting composition be chipped off or abraded by
rough usage there is danger of water entering the joints of the metal
casc and thereby damping the powder.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I form the case of sheet metal in the
ordinary way, and having placed the detonating composition or percus-
sion caps and the exploding charge in the case, I cover up the same with
a dished or convex lid, which is securely held in place by "upsetting"
and forcing down the edges of the outer case, so as to make these edges
lap over and fit tightly down on the convex lid. Before thus closing the
case I lay round the corner or angle formed by the sides of the case with
the convex lid a streak of red lead or other paint or marine glue or
other waterproof composition, and when the sides of the case are forced
down by means of the closing tool so as to close the case, the waterproof
composition will form a packed joint which will be quite impervious to
water.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ANTI-FOULING COMPOSITION OR PAINT
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elias Jones, of Swansca, in the County of
Glamorgan, Paint Manufacturer, and Andrew Howatson, of
Cronberry, Auchinleck, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
ANTI-FOULING COMPOSITION OR PAINT."
Scaled the 2nd October 1874, and dated the 4th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elias Jones and, Andrew
Howatson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th April 1874.
We, ELIAS JONES, of Swansca, in the County of Glamorgan, Paint
Manufacturer, and ANDREW HOWATSON, of Cronberry, Auchinleck, in
the County of Ayr, North Britain, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ANTI-
FOULING COMPOSITION OR PAINT," to be as follows:-.
The Invention is designed for the purpose of producing a composition,
which will be an anti-fouling or anti-corrosive paint, suitable for coating

page_text: are subject to the action of salt or fresh water, or exposed to the influence
of the atmosphere in any climate.
The improvements consist in mixing the following components
together in quantities and manner herein-after specified, viz :-
Take 40 parts of oxide of zinc.
5
5 do.
دو
prepared chalk.
20 do.
carbonate of lead.
"
20
do.
23
mutton suet.
5 do.
American resin.
10
"
10
do.
"
arsenic.
100 parts.
The process of manufacturing the above ingredients into a paint may
be described as follows:-
"
:-
No. 1. The mutton suet is first dissolved by heat into a liqued state, at 15
which time the prepared chalk is added and well mixed therewith, until
the whole is amalgamated.
No. 2. Mix the oxide of zinc and carbonate of lead together.
No. 3. Dissolve the American resin.
No. 4. Grind and sift the arsenic to a fine powder, after which take 20
the components Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and mix them well whilst hot in one
vessel, and pass the whole through a steam apparatus, pugg mill, and
grinding stones, which completes the process of manufacture.
It will be necessary before the composition can be used that it is
again melted and applied hot to the surfaces of the stone, wood, or metal 25
it is intended to cover.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR BORING OR SINKING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Brydon, James Shepherd
Davidson, and George Grey at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th April 1874.
We, ROBERT BRYDON. and JAMES SHEPHERD DAVIDSON, both of
Whitehaven, and GEORGE GREY, of Moor Row, all in the County of
Cumberland, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR BORING
OR SINKING," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to the combination of a pump or such an
apparatus and arrangement as will allow of the passage of the borings
into the interior of the pump with a boring chisel or boring apparatus
so that by the borings passing into the interior of the tube the cutting
portion of the boring chisel may be kept free, and consists in the
employment of a pump or hollow tube of a suitable diameter and
length, to the upper portion of which is fixed a pin; this pin is so
arranged as that it may be screwed into and attached to the boring rods.
Another pin is fixed in the lower portion of the pump or tube to which

page_text: is screwed or attached the boring chisel; on the sides of this pin aro
several holes uniting in one central channel, and communicating with
the interior of the pump or tube, at the upper portion of which channel
is placed a ball so as to constitute a valve; and immediately above this
ball or valve is placed a cross bar to prevent the too great displacement
of the ball on the downward movement of the boring apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butterworth and William
Dickinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th May 1874.
We, JOHN BUTTERWORTH and WILLIAM DICKINSON, both of Burnley,
in the County of Lancaster, Loom Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,” to be as
follows:-
$5
The object of this Invention is to so construct and operate the
dobby "in such manner as, firstly, secure the holding of the pattern
levers by a weighted lever and stop pin so as to case the healds when
making a number of picks without a change being required.
"
Secondly. In the use of reciprocating and intervening catches in
connection with a single "brander or knife, which is double-acting, the
latter instrument is so formed and operated as to engage with the
several catch levers, the said catches being brought into position for
being operated by the brander by counterbalanced ends.

page_text: Thirdly. In the use of a shaft and elongated tappet for lifting or
raising the shedding leavers, so as to facilitate access to the warp when
an end is broken, or for other purposes. The shaft carrying the said
tappet is operated by a hand lever so as to bring the tappet to bear on
the whole of the levers raising the warp level.
Fourthly. To the operating or raising and depressing the shuttle boxes
by means of inclines actuated from the tappet shaft, there being a
sliding bar governed or guided by the cards or pattern mechanism which
determines the position of the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1874.
I, SAMUEL HOLMES, of Wardour Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in,-
1st. Division of the beam of light coming from the object glass of a
microscope into two equal parts for direction into each eye at two equal
angles to the perpendicular, by means of a double achromatized prism
whose inclined surfaces are towards the object glass, and is of such form
and angle as to refract each half beam into the eye piece farthest from
its origin.
Also the use of two diverging body tubes arranged to swing about a
centre, so that one of them may become vertical and be used in that
position for single eye observations on removal of the double prism.
Also in the adaptation of all these parts as the cyc piece of a telescope
as a binocular or monocular eye piece at pleasure. The arrangement to
be called the isophotal binocular.
New MEANS AND MECHANISM FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE ACTION OF STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Thompson and
Nathan Gold Kimberley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th December 1874.
We, WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, of Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and NATHAN GOLD KIMBERLEY, of the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "New
MEANS AND MECHANISM FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE ACTION OF STEERING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved mechanism working in connection
with the steering apparatus of ships, vessels, and other floating bodics;
its object is for giving or recording the course taken or to be taken
during a given time.
Our Invention is carried into practice by means of one or more
barrels, cylinders, fixed or moveable surfaces covered with paper, or
other suitable material, and marked or lined with port, starboard, time

page_text: and course lines, or other suitable lines or figures for giving or recording
the course taken or to be taken. These barrels, cylinders, or surfaces,
as (aforesaid), work in connection with pencils, scribblers, or indicating
points attached to and working in conjunction with the steering
apparatus in such a manner as to mark, indicate, or record the course.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scaton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1874.
I, WILLIAM SEATON, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of fastening rails or
chairs, and consists in the employment for that purpose of a peculiar bolt
so constructed as to have only one overlapping head; this bolt may
be employed either in rails or sleepers of any section, and cach bolt
being fixed diagonally effectually ties the rail into the sleeper at the
same time when it is desired for any purpose of repairs or otherwise to
withdraw the bolt, the withdrawal can be readily effected by simply
applying force or leverage to the head of the bolt.
In some cases a slot may be formed on the flange of the rail for the
41 Bang

page_text: In the present ordinary construction of fastenings for rails by means
of screwed bolts, or bolts having nuts or fangs into which the bolts are
screwed, the bolts cannot be withdrawn without either breaking the
bolts or seriously interfering with the ballast of the line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF VITREOUS, CERAMIC, GLAZED, AND METALLIC SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1874.
I, JOSEPH BROWN, of Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE ORNAMENTATION OF VITREOUS, CERAMIC, GLAZED, AND METALLIC SURFACES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the ornamentation of vitreous, ceramic,
glazed, and metallic surfaces, and consists in effecting the reproduction
of photographic images, or an impression of the same upon the before-
mentioned surfaces by the employment in conjunction with an oleagenous
or fatty substance of fusible fluxes together with metallic oxides.
In carrying out my Invention I obtain as is well understood a
photographic image or impression of the picture or design which I desire
to print by the employment of a film of gelatine in conjunction with a
bichromate, and having obtained the photographic image or impression
thereon the same is submitted to the action of water, as is well under-
stood. The surface is now ready to be submitted to the ordinary

page_text: printing process. Having thus obtained a printing surface I employ for
the production of copies or impressions upon paper capable of being
employed for the purposes herein-before mentioned a printing or transfer
material or medium consisting of oleagenous or fatty substance in con-
junction with metallic oxides, and such fusible fluxes or materials as
shall when submitted to the action of an elevated temperature be capable
of forming a glaze or fused surface, whereby the image or impression
shall be burnt in and rendered permanent upon the surface which it is
desired to ornament.
In order to obtain a paper or material suitable for the purposes
herein-before mentioned I coat the surface of the paper with a mixture
solution of a gelatinous and of an amylaceous substance, so that
paper thus prepared is rendered more suitable for the reproduction and
transfer of impressions than ordinary paper.
of a
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING WITH CARBURETTED HYDROGEN GAS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1874.
I, WILLIAM HENRY, of No. 28, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, Mid-
dlesex, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING WITH CARBURETTED
HYDROGEN GAS," to be as follows:-
-
I prepare hydrogen gas in any suitable vessel which should contain
two separate chambers, one of them being placed above the other; the
lower chamber being connected with the upper chamber by a pipe
reaching from the bottom of the upper chamber to within a very short
distance of the bottom of the lower chamber, there being an opening in
the top of the lower chamber provided with an air-tight cover, which
opening is made for the purpose of introducing into the lower chamber
any suitable metal or other material, after introducing which the opening
is closed by fixing on the before-mentioned air-tight cover.
upper part of the lower chamber there is an exit pipe for the conveyance
of the hydrogen gas to the carburetter. The lower chamber having
From the

page_text: been charged with any suitable metal or other material, by preference
zinc or iron, a mixture consisting of about three parts of water and one
part of hydrochloric, sulphuric, or any other suitable acid is introduced
into the upper chamber from whence it passes into the lower chamber
through the pipe communicating therewith; and by the action of the
acid upon the metal or other suitable material which may have been
placed in the chamber its solution is thereby effected with the dis-
engagement of hydrogen gas, which gas is caused to pass through a
mixture of hydrate of lime and water, and from thence into a chamber
which I call the carburetter charged with hydrocarbon oil.
chamber will now give off from an exit pipe illuminating gas.
This
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING OF STUFFING BOXES AND PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Alexandro Testud de
Beauregard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 27th March 1874.
I, FELIX ALEXANDRE TESTUD DE BEAUREGARD, of Ruc de Lafayette,
No. 162, at Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING OF STUFFING BOXES AND PIPE
JOINTS," to be as follows:-
-
My first improvement in the lining or packing of stuffing boxes and
of the joints and meeting ends of pipes for fluids, gases, liquids, and
vapours, consists in the employment of cork as an obturating agent.
Cork constitutes an obturating joint of great simplicity in all machines,
and it possesses peculiar properties which render it suitable when a
perfectly stanch joint is desired to be obtained. Thus it is unalterable,
its elasticity is permanent, and it returns in certain conditions of humidity
to its primitive volume; it is a bad conductor of heat, of sound, and of
electricity. Cork is therefore the substance which should be preferred
for the packing, not only of fixed joints and unions, but also for those in
which there is a sliding or rubbing, as in stuffing boxes for example, for
cork being a yielding body only wears in an inappreciable manner by

page_text: rubbing, and for this reason it will very advantageously replace tow and
similar materials.
The above-described packings are prepared both of cork and of fabric
induced with the mastic to be used in the same manner and applied to
the same places as the tow now ordinarily in use.
My second improvement consists in the employment for a staunch
joint of washers of cloth, cotton, wool, linen, or other fabric endued with
mastic, and superposed according to the circumstances to which they
are to be applied.
The mastic I prefer to use is composed of peroxide of iron and 1
powdered loadstone mixed with paraffine, wax, stearine, or some
analogous body which fuses at a low temperature in order to avoid
desiccation, which is a cause of the alteration in these substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Bovill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1874.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD BOVILL, of Great Queen Street, in the City of
Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM SHIPS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in placing a small boiler containing the fire
box in the upper part of the main boiler, either in the steam space, or
partly in the steam space, or partly in the water.
.
The heated gases produced by the combustion of the fuel may either
be led direct to the funnel or led down and passed through tubes in the
ordinary manner.
One or more pipes are to be taken from the upper part or steam space
of the small boiler, by which pipe or pipes the steam generated in the
small boiler is to be led down through the water to the lowest part or
parts of the main boiler, the pipes taking the form of a coil if deemed
advisable, and the pipe or pipes are then led up and open into the steam
space of the main boiler,

page_text: One or more other pipes are to be taken from the small boiler at its
water level, and taken direct to the lowest part or parts of the main
boiler; these latter pipes may first be led up a short distance before
turning down, but this is not essential.
The feed water is to be supplied into the small boiler and the whole
will work as follows:-
11
°
The steam in the small boiler will be hotter than in the main boiler,
but will lose its heat and so warm the water in the main boiler by
passing through the pipes leading from the upper part of the small
boiler, and be delivered into the steam space of the main boiler at about
the same temperature as the steam actually there, and the superfluous
water of the small boiler will pass direct to the bottom of the main
boiler by the second set of pipes above mentioned. A valve, or tap, or
set of valves or taps, may with advantage be placed in this latter set of
pipes, and be worked from the outside.
The main advantages claimed from these improvements are that a
wave or any quantity of water breaking into the engine room the fires
will not be extinguished in an ocean-going steamer, and in fact the fires
cannot be extinguished until the vessel actually sinks; and the firemen
working near the level of the deck instead of being in the bottom of the
hold, they will be able readily to come on deck, and generally will be
working in much fresher and cooler air than at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS TO BE USED IN THE GAME OF CROQUET OR OTHER GAMES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1874.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER, of 1, Morpeth Terrace, Victoria Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Publisher, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BALLS TO BE USED IN THE GAME OF CROQUET OR OTHER GAMES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of balls for croquet
or other games in such a manner as to increase their durability and
prevent their liability to splitting, and also to regulate their weight,
and consists in covering the ball with a coating of metal, the thickness
of which may be varied according to the weight required to be given
to the ball. The ball may be made of wood, papier maché, or com-
position, and is intended to be covered with a coating of copper or
other metal by the ordinary electrotype process, and afterwards painted
or otherwise coloured, as required.

page_text: In order to prevent inconvenience from the shrinking of the wood or
other material of which the ball is composed nails or spikes may be
driven into it before the metallic coating is applied.
Balls thus manufactured will, by reason of their metallic surfaces,
possess advantages for decoration, either by gilding or silver plating and 5
colouring similar to foils, or they may be painted in the ordinary way
in order to distinguish one ball from another. Balls so manufactured
will also be capable of resisting the effects of weather and the blows of
the mallet, so as to obviate the ordinary tendency to splitting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEY BLOCKS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McAdam at the Office
'
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1874.
I, JOHN MADAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Ship Block Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEY BLOCKS, to be as follows, that is to
say:―
.
This Invention has for its object the constructing of pulley blocks in
an improved manner, so as whilst having little friction in working to be
more durable and less liable to get out of order than such blocks as
hitherto made..
The improvement consists in fitting the pulley or sheave of the block
with a compound bush having duplex bearing surfaces. The bush, all
the parts of which are by preference made of brass, consists of a kind of
box containing a series of antifriction rollers and a central tubular piece
or "ferrule," and fitted with a cover. The box is flanged and the cover
is fixed on it, and the box itself is fixed to the pulley by the same screws
passing through the flange. The antifriction rollers are arranged in an

page_text: annular space between the outside of the central tubular piece and the
inside of the cylindrical casing of the box, but in addition to the central
tubular piece bearing on the rollers it is made longer than the rollers,
and cheeks or rebates are formed to receive its ends in the inside of the
cover and in the inside of the plate of the box facing the cover, so that
it does not entirely depend on the rollers, but is also steadied and
supported in position by the cover and inside plate.
If preferred, the cheeks or rebates may be made on the ends of the
central tubular pieces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR TOOLS FOR DRILLING AND SHAPING OR PLANING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Weild and James
Geoffrey Cochrane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th November 1874.
We, EDWARD WEILD, of Gorebrook Iron Works, Longsight, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES GEOFFREY
COCHRANE, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR TOOLS FOR DRILLING AND
SHAPING OR PLANING."
Firstly. Our improvements relate to radial drills, and consist in an
improved combination and arrangement of mechanism in which the
pillar for the radial arm is arranged to slide up and down in the box bed
or base part by means of a rack pinion wheel and worm or equivalent
mechanisin, so as to adjust the radial arm to the required height above
the work, and also in which "double" or "back" gearing for changing
the speed of the spindle is mounted upon the upper part of the radial arm
to drive the horizontal shaft that slides with the drill spindle slide, and
gives motion to the drill spindle, while the driving speed pulleys are
placed upon the end of a horizontal shaft projecting from the box bed,

page_text: which latter shaft drives the vertical shaft in the axis of the pillar for
the radial drill, which vertical shaft slides up and down with the
pillar.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to machines more especially designed
for shaping or planing the sides of screw nuts, and consists in a com-
bination and arrangement of mechanism, whereby several shaping rams
or slides are combined together in one machine, so as to operate upon
several mandrels of nuts at the same time. Thero is one slide bed, and
upon it there are as many slides as there are "shaper" slide rams to be
used. There is a back shaft passing the length of the machine, which
has gearing upon it to work the link which gives motion to each ram
arranged like a shaping machine ram. The are two sets of centres
provided for each ram (which carries two or more cutting tools) to hold
the mandrels for the nuts and a dividing disc or plate geared with both
centres or chucks for turning and holding the mandrels to present a
fresh face of the nuts to the action of the planing cutters, and there is a
screw shaft passing from end to end of the machine and connecting gear
between this shaft and each ram slide to give the self-acting "feed"
movement to the slide, a similar screw or equivalent mechanism is also
used for the back movement of the slides, so that each slide may be
worked either separately or simultaneously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REWINDING YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Coats, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1874.
I, PETER COATS, junior, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Thread Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REWINDING YARN OR THREAD,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its objects to make the tension of the strands
of yarn or thread when being rewound more uniform than in existing
machines, and to obtain a more convenient means of varying or adjusting
the tension or drag.
The Invention consists in mounting the bobbins off which the yarn
or thread is to be rewound on wooden spindles arranged to run each in
two bearings, a lower or footstep bearing, and an upper or collar bearing.
These bearings are by preference made of glazed stoneware or earthen-
ware, between which and the wooden spindles there is
friction; but they might be made of glass or polished metal. The
very
little

page_text: bearings are fitted in or upon metal or wooden rails or frame bars, which
are made capable of adjustment in such a way that the spindles may be
held vertically, or be more or less inclined, and it is by adjusting the
inclination of the spindles in this way that the tension or drag on the
yarn or thread is regulated, which can be done with the greatest nicety.
AN IMPROVED DRIVING BELT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fleming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
July 1874.
I, FRANCIS FLEMING, of West Grove Mill, Halifax, in the County
of York, Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DRIVING BELT," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to belts or bands for driving machinery, such
belts or bands having heretofore been made chiefly of leather, and one
great objection to leather is that it stretches or becomes elongated by
use, so that leather belts for driving require to be frequently shortened
in order to maintain their necessary driving power or adhesion to the
pulley to be driven; also that the cost or price of leather is increasing
in consequence of larger consumption for this and other purposes.
Now my improved belt consists of a combination of leather and
woven fabric or fabrics in any desirable number of layers connected
together by india-rubber or other suitable adhesive substance, and such
combined materials may be further secured by means of rivets or by

page_text: sewing. I also give the fabric side of these belts a coat of silicate
paint or other paint or varnish that will set hard and resist the action
of the atmosphere, and prevent the penetration of water or oil. Belts
so made are more flexible, stronger, and cheaper than when made solely
of leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING OR MANŒUVRING AND PROPELLING VESSELS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: :
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Keddy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1874.
I, THOMAS KEDDY, of Peterborough, in the County of Northampton,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING OR MANŒUVRING AND PROPELLING VESSELS, AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steering or
manoeuvring and propelling vessels, and apparatus therefor, and relates
to the adaptation and use for this purpose of propellers resembling oars
in conjunction with means for actuating the same upwards and down-
wards within the water with a feathering motion, so as to present an
inclined surface to the water when passing through it, and thereby to
impel the vessel in the required direction by the action of the ascending
or descending inclined surface of the propeller against the water within
which it is moving. The feathering is effected at the termination of cach
stroke, so that during the return stroke the inclined surface presented to
the water shall have a propelling effect in the same direction as that of
the stroke just terminated.

page_text: The direction of propulsion may be readily reversed, the propellers
being at the respective sides of the vessel and being regulated as
required, so as by their action to cooperate in propelling the vessel in
the direction in which it may from time to time be desired to steer.
The propellers are placed below the water line, they pass transversely
through and are capable of rotation within openings formed transversely
through plugs or cylinders, arranged and packed water-tight within
stuffing boxes or chambers in the sides of the vessel, the plugs being free
to partially rotate within such stuffing boxes or chambers to accommodate
the necessary movements of the propellers, without admitting water into
the vessel.
The construction of the propellers and stuffing boxes or chambers, and
the arrangements for actuating the propellers may obviously be modified
to suit circumstances, without departure from the principle of my
Invention when steam power is to be applied to actuate the propellers;
cylinders provided with pistons moved by the steam may be used.
My improved arrangements for steering or manoeuvring and propelling
vessels, may be used with or without a stern rudder or screw propeller,
or with both of these.
AN IMPROVED DETACHEABLE SOLE FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1874.
I, HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
DETACHEABLE SOLE FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE FEET,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a detached sole of leather, wood, or other
suitable material for applying it to the boots, shoes, and other like
coverings for the feet, and thereby giving an additional thickness to the
sole proper of the boot, shoe, or other foot covering.
This Invention consists of a sole of suitable material which is made
of breadth just within the width of the ordinary sole of the wearer's
boot, shoe, or other foot covering. This sole has provided at the toe
a cap for securing the front of the sole to the boot or shoe. The sole
is carried under the instep and terminates at the commencement of the
heel of the boot or shoe. The sole is provided with two lappets having
strings, or a strap and buckle, or an elastic band for securing the sole

page_text: to the instep by passing the same round the instep. The sole is also
provided with a heel strap of elastic, or a strap and buckle, or other
suitable contrivance which passes round the wearer's heel to keep the
sole in position.
This detacheable sole before described is particularly applicable for
wearing with boots or shoes having thin soles for the purpose of raising
the wearer from the damp or wet.
The sole is also particularly adapted to be used as a croquet slipper,
or at any time when it is required to give additional thickness to the
sole of a foot covering.
A modification of this Invention, and where it is desired to wear the
detacheable sole for some time, may consist in making the detacheable
sole a fixture with the boot, shoe, or other foot covering, by attaching
the detacheable sole to the sole of the boot, shoe, or other foot covering,
by a suitable screw at the instep thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE MATTRESSES AND SEATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schallehn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the
10th November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Daniel
Christoph Brühs, of Hamburg, Germany.
I, HENRY SCHALLEHN, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE MATTRESSES AND SEATS," a communication, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to mattresses for bedsteads, and to seats for
couches, sofas, and the like. It is chiefly designed to furnish an easy
and comfortable mattress which will be inexpensive, clean, dry, and
durable.
The said mattresses are constructed and applied to a bedstead as
follows: I employ an open fabric formed by uniting a series of spiral
coils of steel or other suitable wire. This wire is galvanized or otherwise
protected from corrosion or oxidation. The said wire fabric is secured
on all sides to a light metal frame which forms part of the bedstead, or
is attached to the same.

page_text: When this Invention is applied to portable bedsteads for military and
other uses the said frame is jointed in the middle so that the mattress
will fold into a small space and may be conveniently carried or stowed
away. And I provide for the adjustment of the mattress at the head of
the bed by having the end of the frame jointed to the central portion, so
that the said end may be raised or lowered to suit the convenience of
the person using the hadstond
When this Invention is applied to portable bedsteads for military and
other uses the said frame is jointed in the middle so that the mattress
will fold into a small space and may be conveniently carried or stowed
away. And I provide for the adjustment of the mattress at the head of
the bed by having the end of the frame jointed to the central portion, so
that the said end may be raised or lowered to suit the convenience of
person using the bedstead.
the
The said wire fabric is very flexible and requires only to be covered
with a blanket or the like, the ordinary mattress, palliasse, and other
bedding being unnecessary.
AN IMPROVED PAWL OR RETAINING CLIP FOR PULLEYS AND OTHER SIMILAR LIFTING OR WINDING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Kneebone and Richard
Gay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st August 1874.
We, SAMUEL KNEEBONE and RICHARD GAY, of Smethwick, in the
County of Stafford, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAWL OR RETAINING CLIP FOR PULLEYS AND
OTHER SIMILAR LIFTING OR WINDING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
-
Our Invention refers to an improved pawl or clip, more especially
adapted for pulleys or lifting apparatus used for raising and lowering
weights, but the appliance may also be used with any cord or rope
employed for lifting, raising, or retaining purposes.
The appliance consists of a lower jaw attached to any convenient part
of a pulley or like apparatus, such lower jaw being formed with a lip or
shaped end to receive the cord or rope. To the lower jaw are attached
a pair of links connecting the lower jaw to the centre or thereabouts of
an upper jaw, also shaped for the cord, one end of the upper jaw biting
the cord with the lower jaw, the other end of the upper jaw taking its

page_text: fulcrum from the cord; so that in action, when the cord or rope is pulled
to lift a load or weight, the two jaws will be opened or expanded, but
upon releasing the rope or cord the two jaws will clip or bite upon it,
carrying the jaws into action by the friction of the rope or cord, the
weight or load being thus held in suspension.
To lower a weight the rope or cord must be held slightly "taut," and
at a more acute angle than in raising the load, when tho jaws of the
pawl will be open, allowing the rope or cord to run back freely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELEVATING OR TRANSFERRING WHEAT AND OTHER SUCH GRAIN FROM SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS, OR FROM OTHER SITUATIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Render, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Corn Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR ELEVATING OR TRANSFERRING WHEAT AND OTHER SUCH
GRAIN FROM SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS, OR FROM OTHER SITUATIONS."
Sealed the 7th August 1874, and dated the 11th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Render at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th February 1874.
I, FREDERICK RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELEVATING OR TRANSFERRING WHEAT AND
OTHER SUCH GRAIN FROM SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS, OF FROM OTHER SITUATIONS,"
to be as follows :-
-
My Invention consists in transferring grain by means of a current of
air caused to pass through a tube so as to carry the said grain with it,

page_text: and in rendering the said apparatus flexible so that it may be adapted to
any desired situation.
The current of air may be caused by a jet or jets of steam acting on
the bottom, top, or other part of the tube or by a jet or jets of com-
pressed air, or a fan may be employed.
The tube may be formed of india-rubber or similar material, or con-
structed with joints, and one end being held the other may be adapted
to the grain in any desired situation through the intervention of the
flexible or jointed parts.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE USED FOR OBTAINING FACSIMILE COPIES OF LETTERS AND OTHER MANUSCRIPтs
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Geyler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1874.
I, HENRY GEYLER, of Paris, France, and at present of 53, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE USED FOR
OBTAINING FACSIMILE COPIES OF LETTERS AND OTHER MANUSCRIPтs,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a device whereby letters and other manu-
scripts may be readily copied without the use of a screw or other
mechanical press, which is both cumbersome and expensive.
The device of this Invention comprises the means both for damping
and pressing the copying paper in a single instrument which is very
handy, being sufficiently small to be carried in the pocket. It consists
of a metal roller of small diameter mounted to rotate in a suitable
handle, so that it may be rolled over the sheet on which the copy is to
be made. The handle of the instrument is made hollow and within it is
contained a brush or sponge attached to a handle also made hollow to

page_text: contain water by which the brush or sponge is kept constantly wet, the
water flowing out from the handle through orifices or passages beneath
the brush or sponge. This combined handle and water receptacle is
provided with a suitable cap to which a seal may be applied, and the
whole may be made to screw into the handle proper of the instrument
which serves as a sheath therefor.
In order to copy a letter it is only necessary to withdraw the brush or
sponge from its sheath to wet the sheet if necessary on which the copy
is to be taken (a sheet of waterproof paper having been previously
placed beneath it, and blotting paper being used to remove the super-
fluous moisture in the usual way) to place beneath it the manuscript to
be copied, and then to place upon it another sheet of waterproof or other
strong paper, over the surface of which the cylinder is rolled with
moderate pressure, the roller being preferably passed across the sheet in
both directions. By these simple means I am enabled to obtain as
perfect a copy of the manuscript as with the cumbrous presses hitherto
used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1874.
I, HENRY CHAPMAN, of No. 8, South Place, Kennington Park, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES," to be as
.
follows:-
My Invention has reference to cooking ranges of the kind usually
employed, consisting of an open fire with or without an oven and boiler,
and has for its object to effect a saving in the consumption of fuel in
such ranges by enabling the fire, to be readily modified in size and form
to suit it to the particular purpose for which it may be required, and
thereby to avoid all unnecessary heat in the kitchen. For these purposes
I construct the bottom grating, the back, and the end check or cheeks,
which together constitute the fire-place, in such manner that any two of
these parts can be moved or adjusted in position, that is to say, the
bottom grating raised or lowered, the back moved to or from the front
bars, and the side cheek or checks moved inwards or outwards, the
latter adjustment being similar to that now in use in ordinary cooking

page_text: ranges.
By the combination of any two of these adjustments the fire
can be made of any form and capacity suitable to the particular purpose
for which it is required.
Thus, according to one arrangement, I make the bottom grating
capable of being raised or lowered, so that a fire of any desired depth રી
may be obtained, while at the same time the end cheek or cheeks can be
moved inwards or outwards in order to make the fire of any desired
width. In this case the end cheek or cheeks is or are made with vertical
bars and with slots or spaces through which the bars of the bottom
grating pass so as to be capable of moving up and down therein, while :
the bars of the side cheek or, cheeks can slide to and fro between the
bars of the bottom grating.
According to another arrangement I make the back and the end check
or cheeks moveable. In this case the back is made with horizontal bars
which pass between bars in the end cheek or cheeks.
a
According to another arrangement I make the bottom grating and the
back adjustable. In this case the back is made with vertical bars
passing between the bars of the bottom grating, which latter are made
to extend transversely in the direction from the front to the back of the
fire-place. The back may be arranged either to move bodily in
vertical or in an inclined position to and from the front bars, or it may
be arranged to turn on trunnions or pivots at its lower end, so that it
can be moved from an inclined position into a vertical position, or vice
versâ, in order to reduce or increase the thickness of the fire. In the
latter case the supports for the pivots of the back may be either, fixed or
made moveable to and from the front bars.
J
The before described adjustment of the several parts may be effected
by means of racks and pinions, or by screws, or by any other suitable
known mechanical device.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYRINGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1874. A communication from Josef Leiter, Manufacturer, residing
at Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth & Co., Patent Agency, of
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYRINGES," a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
Thus far subcutaneous injections were made by piercing a small pipe
(canule) with a lancet point into the cellular tissue of the human skin,
the liquid to be injected being squirted in by means of a small syringe.
As now the slower or quicker piercing by means of the pressure of the
hand, and the injection of the liquid is always a painful proceeding
which must mostly be done by the physician, it is for both patient and
physician of the greatest importance to use another than the ordinary
instrument by which the inconveniences mentioned may be avoided.
In the following such an apparatus shall be described :-I use a small
syringe which can be slid in a cylindrical tube after taking off another

page_text: tube. When a spiral spring is pressed and then let loose at once the
syringe is thrown forward; this spring may be fixed by drawing out
the handle. The tube last mentioned is provided with a smaller opening
than the diameter of the cylinder of the syringe, so that the latter is
not pushed forward further than to the end of the said tube. But in
order that I may regulate how deeply the small tube. shall enter into
the skin, a tube with a 'funnel-like end can be slid on the said tubo.
By this form an oblique direction can be given to the instrument so that
the needle will not enter into the flesh but merely under the skin.
-
When the syringe is filled it is propelled forward by letting loose the
aforesaid spring, hence the lancet is thrust into the skin; the syringe.
now finds a resistance and the force of the spring will push the piston
forward, and thus the liquid is injected. If the syringe is for instance
filled only to one-third the manipulation is the same; but on the other
hand it may happen that several injections must be made from a filled
syringe. To this end the piston rod is provided with a screw thread
on which a female screw is provided. The rod being divided in 10 parts
the respective quantity of liquid is ejected by turning the screw to the
division line in question. That in the manner described a perfectly
painless injection takes place is proved by the fact that the accidental
and quick piercing of a needle or even of a blunt instrument is seldom
perceived.