AN IMPROVED MANURE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Corry Stone, of Liverpool, in the County, of
Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANURE AND
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.".
Sealed the 4th. March 1879, and dated the 7th September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Corry Stone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1878.
THOMAS CORRY STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED MANURE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to an improved manure and method of manufacturing the
same, and consists of reducing peat to ashes by means of burning or charring with
lime, the lime being used in an ordinary state mixed with peat and slacked by the
natural moisture of the peat or by the addition of water.
The lime, by preference, is used direct from the kiln mixed with the peat
by suitable amalgamators, and slacked by water or by the natural moisture of
the peat.
In manufacturing manure, according to this Invention, a layer of wet peat,
preferably as it is dug from the peat lands, is put on and thoroughly mixed with a
layer or quantity of lime in the proportion of about one part of lime to four parts
of peat, but this will vary with the nature of the peat to be charred or burnt. The
natural moisture of the peat causes the lime to slack, and thus char or burn the
peat to ashes.
Where the natural moisture of the peat is insufficient water may be added to
incite the action.
After the peat is thoroughly reduced to ashes the ashes and lime are passed
through screens, sieves, or equivalent sifters, the sifted ashes and lime are then
passed through other sieving apparratus, mixing apparatus, or amalgamating
apparatus, and thoroughly intermixed with liquid of ammonia, or liquid phosphoric
[Price 6d1

page_text: acid, or other known stimulating liquids suitable for manure. During the process
the sifted ashes and lime absorb the liquid to the extent required.
To prevent loss by evaporation and to bind the ammonia or other liquid, such
liquids are mixed with oil, tar, pitch, rosin, or other substance or liquid of a sticky
or greasy nature that will hold the liquid; also marle or river mud may be added,
the mixing being performed by any suitable sieving, mixing, or amalgamating
apparatus, the liquid being supplied from a suitable tank.
If it is found that the lime is insufficient to thoroughly clear the peat the pro-
portion of lime may be increased; or inflammable liquids, such as spirit of
petroleum or naptha, may be used to assist in burning the peat to ashes.
The peat may be dried and burnt to ashes separately, and then further burnt by
being mixed and slacked with lime.
"
There may also be added to the manure, as herein-before described, bone dust,
pulverized ammonia, phosphorus, guano, or any suitable stimulant, to assist in
giving strength to the manure.
A modification of this Invention consists in charring the peat of which the
manure is composed in limekilns simultaneously with the calcining of limestone,
and afterwards treating by sieving and adding the stimulants.
The physical condition of a manure is considered an important item in the
selection of a manure, and many manures that may show a large proportion of
what are considered the valuable constituents may be of little value, unless such
constituents are in a condition to be readily available when in the soil.
The peat ashes obtained by charring through the agency of lime are in an
excellent condition for the exhaustion of their useful matter, and the manure will
be found of great value and can be produced at a cheap rate, and is suitable for
agricultural purposes, vineries, gardens, and shrubberies, and light or sandy soils
where a high class manure is required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Corry Stone in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
March 1879.
"
:
THOMAS CORRY STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer.
AN IMPROVED MANURE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to an improved manure and method of manufacturing the
same, and consists of a novel method of charring peat by burning with quicklime
or lime that is unspent, and a method of fixing ammonia and other stimulating
manurial agents in the compound inanure.
In carrying out this Invention the peat is mixed in layers with lime, the lime
being used in an ordinary or unspent state and slacked by the natural moisture of
the peat, or, if requisite, by the addition of water.
The lime is by preference used direct from the kiln, and mixed up and thoroughly
intermingled with the peat by stirrers or amalgamators of any suitable form, and
then slacked by water if the natural moisture of the peat is insufficient.
+
In manufacturing manure, according to this Invention, a layer of peat, pre-
ferably as it is dug from the peat land, is put on to and mixed thoroughly with a
layer or quantity of lime in the proportion of about one part of lime to four parts
of peat, but this will vary with the nature of the peat to be charred or burnt. The
natural moisture of the peat will in most instances cause the lime to slack, or burn,
or quicken, and thus char or burn the peat to ashes.
Where the natural moisture of the peat is insufficient water may be added to
excite the action.
After the peat is reduced to ashes or sufficiently charred, the mixture being charred
peat and lime, is passed through screens, sieves, or equivalent sifters i the mixture
being charred peat and lime is then passed through a mixing or amalgamating
apparatus, and thoroughly intermixed with a stimulating manurial agent, such as
liquid of ammonia, or liquid phosphoric acid, or other known stimulating liquids
suitable for manure may be used. During this process the charred peat and lime
absorb the stimulating liquid.
To prevent loss of the stimulating liquid by evaporation, and to bind the
ammonia or other liquid, such liquids before or during the process of amalgamation
with the charred peat and lime are mixed with oil, such as fish oil, mixed with salt,
or seed oil refuse, or sugar refuse, or tar, pitch, rosin, or other substance or liquid
of a sticky or greasy nature that will hold the liquid of ammonia or stimulating
agent. To this mixture of charred peat, lime, liquid of ammonia or stimulating
agent, and oil or binding agent may be added marl or river mud in any desired
proportion, which, if desired, may be heated on floors or kilns to aid in charring
or drying the peat, the whole constituents being mixed together by the amalga-
mating or mixing apparatus.
A suitable form of amalgamating apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, Figure 1 being a sectional clevation, and Figure 2 a sectional plan
through the line A, B, Figure 1.
"
The machine consists of a concave" A in which runs at a high speed a revolving
drum B, which is provided with rollers C; D is a tank provided with the rotating
mixing arms or stirrers X, for supplying the ammonia and oil or stimulating liquid;
E is a feeding hopper; F, an endless traveller; H, a sacking spout. In operation
the charred peat and lime is fed into the hopper E and is treated by the rollers C
on the rotating drum B, and thus mixed by amalgamating and crushing the
material against the concave A. At the same time the requisite amount of
stimulating liquid is fed on to the material from the tank D. The material is then
fed through the spout H, and sacked or otherwise stored.
If it is found that the lime is insufficient to thoroughly char the peat the pro-
portion of lime may be increased, or inflammable liquids, such as spirit of petroleum
or naptha, may be used to assist in burning the peat to ashes.

page_text: The peat may be dried and burnt to ashes separately, and then further burnt by
being mixed and slacked with lime...
There may also be added to the manure, as herein-before described, bone dust,
pulverized ammonia, phosphorus, guano, or any other suitable stimulant to assist
in giving strength to the manure.
I
A modification of this Invention consists in charring the peat of which the
manure is composed in limekilns simultaneously with the calcining of limestone,
and afterwards treating by sieving and adding the stimulants.
The physical condition of a manure is considered an important item in. the
selection of a manure, and many manures that show a large proportion of what
are considered the valuable constituents may be of little value unless such con-
'stituents are in a condition to be readily available when in the soil.
.
The peat ashes obtained by charring through the agency of lime are in an
excellent condition for the exhaustion of their useful matter, and the manure will
be found of great value and can be produced at a cheap rate and is suitable for
agricultural purposes, vineries, gardens, and shrubberies, and light or sandy soils
where a high class manure is required.
Having now described the nature, object, and purposes of my Invention, and
shown how the same may be practically carried into operation, what I claim as
my Invention and secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
1
First. Charring peat by means of lime and the application of such charred peat
and lime for manurial or fertilizing purposes, substantially as herein described.
Second. Fixing or binding ammonia or other stimulating liquid having manurial
or fertilizing properties by the addition of oil, grease, or tar, or other agent of an
oily, greasy, or sticky nature that will prevent evaporation of such ammonia when.
'mixed with manure, such as herein-before described.
L
<
Third. The improved manure and method of manufacturing the same,
stantially as herein described.
sub-
In witness whereof, I,. the said Thomas Corry Stone, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.