IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly. Smith, of
Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS HEATING APPARATUS."
Scaled the 24th June 1856, and dated the 24th January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Brooks Pettit and
Henry Fly Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th January 1856.
We, GEORGE BROOKS PETTIT and HENRY FLY SMITH, of Oxford Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS HEATING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:---
Our Invention relates to certain combinations of apparatus for obtaining
heal from gas mixed with atmospheric air before ignition.
Our Invention consists in inserting into or adding to the top of a pipe (open
at bottom for the admission of air, through perforated or other apertures, and
to a supply of gas which is conducted through a tube, the mouth of which rises
above the apertures for the admission of air) various forms of burners, to suit
the particular heating purposes to which the apparatus may be required to be
applied. Also in fitting two or more gas and air pipes, into or upon one gas
supply main.

page_text: SPECIFICATION
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th.July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. wc, GEORGE
BROOKS PETTIT and HENRY FLY SMITH, of Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, Her special licence that
we, the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, our exccutors
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Brooks
Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS HEATING APPARATUS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly
Smith, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Paient
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to certain combinations of apparatus for obtaining
heat from gas mixed with atmospheric air before ignition. Figure is an
external elevation, and Figure 2 a section of an apparatus for burning
mixture of air and gas. A is a gas supply tube, entering the lower part of an
upright tube B, which is perforated at bottom to allow of the mixture of
atmospheric air with the gas as it issues from the supply tube through the
orifice c; the gas and air then ascend the tube B, and burn at the top of the

page_text: tube.
We are aware that this particular form of burner has already been in
use, and therefore we make no claim to it. Now, our Invention consists in
inserting into, or adding to the pipe B, various forms and arrangements of
burners and apparatus and in modifications of the burner just described, the
whole of which are shewn in the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1, D shows the application of a cap or spreader with apertures at the
side. Figure 3 is similar to Figure 1. but the top of the tube B is closed
with a plate or plug, and the sides are perforated for the emission of the air
and gas.
Figure 4 is similar to Figure 3, but the top plate is drilled and the
sides of the tube B remain as in Figure 1; or it may be fitted with a cap per-
forated either at top, or at the sides, or both ways. Figure is the same as
Figure 3. but has longitudinal slits in place of holes, as also the cap which may
be substituted. Figure 6 is the same as Figure 3, but with the slits on
the top plate which closes the tube, or it may be furnished with a cap so
perforated. Figure 7 is the same as Figure 3, but with a conical cap in
addition to the tube itself. The use of the conical cap is to protect the holes
from any liquid, &c. that might fall on the burner. Figure 8 has a flat plate
spreader at top. Figure 9 has a box pierced either at the sides, or top, or both.
Figure 10 has the frustrum of an inverted cone, pierced either at sides, top, or
both. Figure 11 has a row of small holes, or combined into a cluster.
Figure 12 has a sphere pierced at the under side, with a spreader or trivet at
top. Figure 13 is spread into the segment of a circle, with a film of gas flame or
separate holes. Figure 14 is a straight line of film of gas. Figure 15 is made
with either a knce or elbow shaped burner. Figure 16 is a combination of a
series of Figure 9. Figure 17 is a tube burner, with a conical hood for pro-
tection over the air passages. Figure 18 is a gas tube burner, with a globular
base, inside of which is a hood or protector to the gas exit. Figure 19 is a
plain gas tube burner, adapted to the heating of a vessel above it. Figure 20
is a series of tubes with pieces projecting alternately into spaces, the sides
of which projections are perforated for the escape of the mixed gas and air.
Figure 21 is a circular ring, with the jets turned towards the centre. Figure
22 is a ring burner, pierced on the upper side with small holes. Figure 23
is the same, having radial slits for the escape of gas and air. Figure 24
shews a plan and section of a series of plates of various sizes, placed nearly
close together from between which the gas and air escape. Figure 25 is a
double concentric ring burner, perforated at each side of each ring for the
escape of the air and gas. Figure 26 is a scroll of tube, perforated on each
side for the escape of air and gas. Figure 27 is a square box, similar in use
to those described in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12. Figure 28 is a star burner,

page_text: Figure 29. is a star burner,
Figure .30 is an hemispherical.
perforated at the sides- for the same purpose.
having curved radii perforated at the sides.
burner; having a conical protection plate to spread the flame, and protect
the apertures. below from being choked with any liquid falling-down upon.
the top. Figure 31 is a spherical, burner, with an aperture at the top,
as well as being pierced at the under side, as shewn. Figures 32, 33, 34,
35, and 36. are. sections of various shaped tubes for burning a mixture of air
and gas by being pierced at the sides, as shewn. Figure 37. is a section, and
Figure 38 a. side view, of a, tube, having a set of nipples or small tubes through
which the gas, escapes and passes up through the small space left between the
two. flat sides,, which are perforated at the lower part for the introduction of
the air supply. Figure 39 is a plan, and Figure. 40 an elevation of a single
ring burner, pierced on the inner and outer sides of the ring.
Figure 41 is
segment of a
a plan, and Figure 42, an elevation of a burner, in the shape of a
circle, for the purpose of heating anything laid within it, and Figure. 43 is
a series of such burners for heating .long articles, such us soldering irons
curling tongs, &c. Figure 44 is a,gas burner, composed of a number of small
tubes open at each end, and placed. in the upper part of a gas tube, in lieu of
perforation. Figure 45 shews a method of supplying atmospheric air to the
centre of the flame, thereby causing more perfect combustion. Figure 46 is
a gas tube burner, terminating in a sphere, into which are fixed a number of
small tubes to distribute the flame.. Figure 47 is a gas tube burner, per-
forated. down and around the sides. Figure 48 is a section of a gas burner,
shewing a method of heating the gas previous to its admixture with air,
by causing the gas supply pipe to continue up into the centre of a hollow
spherical cap, fitted upon the central tube; the gas descends, and escapes at the
lower end, and passes up between it and the outer case, and is burnt at the
top and around the sphere which it heats. Figure 48" is a similar contrivance
for heating the gas by means of a plain tube in the centre, to the top of which
The gas is first conducted, and escapes at the lower end; it then passes up
between and the outer case, and is burnt at the top. Figure 48 is a similar
arrangement. Figure 49 is a perspective representation of a series of fire
bars, which are cast or formed hollow and perforated at the, sides, through
which the mixture of air and gas escapes. Figure 50 is an elevation, partly
in section, of a burner composed of two plates, kept at a small distance apart,
at the edges of which the mixed gases escape and. burn. Figure 51 is an
elevation, partly in section, of a double or fork-shaped burner, having two
escapes and burners to one supply tube, as shewn. Figure 52 is an cleya-
tion of. a series of burners or gas tubes, whose flames converge to a central

page_text: opening. A hood or covering is provided to confine the heat, the chimney
at top carrying off the products of combustion; passages are left between the
burners for the admission of atmospheric air to. the flame to support com
bustion. Figure 53 is a représentation of a serpentine-shaped burner, com-
posed of iron tube, perforated at the sides. Figure 54 is an elevation, partly
in section, of a method of warming fluids, and of diffusing heat by circulation*
This arrangement may be applied to conservatories, hothouses, and for other
heating purposes.
Figure 55 is a gas burner, in which the gas is heated
previous to its admixture with air, similar to the arrangements shewn in
Figures 48, 48, 48, but with the addition of an air tube in the centre to
supply air to the centre of the flame. Figure 56 is a plan, and Figure 57 an
elevation, partly in section, of a burner for heating purposes, composed of rings
of soap-stone or earthenware, or other earthy material, placed at a distance
over the burner, to distribute the heat. Figure 58 is a perspective view of a
set of square burners, having spaces at the top for the supply of air to the
flame during the combustion, an enlarged view of one being shewn at Figure 58".
Figure 59 shows how a series of air and gas tubes of the description. shewn
in Figures 3 and 4, may be arranged on a gas supply pipe, and Figure 60
shews the same arranged on a gas box. Figures 61, 62, 63, and 64 are various
arrangements with regard to size, shape, and length, to suit various purposes.
Figure 65 is an elevation, partly in section, shewing the adaptation of a series
of gas burners, similar to those shewn before to the heating of the water for a
bath or other vessel, by means of a flat coil or spiral pipe, as shewn. Figure 66
is a section, and 66 a plan, and Figure 67 a section and details, and Fig. 69
a spiral plate, shewing various methods of intercepting or arresting the current
of heated air as it proceeds from the gas burner shewn in Figure 68, or from
any of the gas burners shewn in the Drawings annexed to this Specification, in
its upward current, thereby causing a greater amount of heat to be given off
by the outer casing of such apparatus, for useful purposes. Figure 70 is a
plan, and Figure 71 an elevation, of à combination of a series of gas tube
burners, before described, for producing great heating effects. Figure 72 is, a
plan, and Figure 73 an elevation of a burner, composed of a chamber affixed
to the top of the gas tubes, the top of which chamber is perforated for the
escape of the mixed gases to burn. Figure 74 is a plan, and Figure 75 an
elevation, partly in section, of a method of applying great heat to substances
on both top and bottom surfaces at once. Figure 76 is an elevation of an
apparatus for heating the upper part of any substance. Figure 77 is another
arrangement of similar construction to Figures 70 and 71. Figure 78 is an
élevation, partly in section, of a gas stove; a burner of the description shewn

page_text: in Figure 9 is placed at bottom (or any other of the burners represented in the
Drawings annexed may be used), and plates of metal or earthy material are
so arranged as to form discs and rings, as shewn in Figures 78 and 78b, to
intercept the heated air, and thereby absorb and convey to the outer case more
of the heat for the purposes of warming by radiation more perfectly. Figure 79
is another gas stove, shewn partly in section, with a star gas burner similar
to Figure 28, or any other suitable burner may be used, but over the burner
at distances are placed sheets of wire gauze, shewn in Figure 79, of various
degrees of fineness, so as to retain and give out to the outer case of the stove
more of the heat for purposes of radiating the heat at the lower part of the
room, &c. Figure 80 is a perspective view, and Figure 80 is a cross section,
of a gas stove; a burner, shewn in perspective at Figure 80%, is placed at
bottom inside each of the tubes composing the body of the stove. Figure 81
is a view in perspective of an apparatus for warming and heating apart-
ments, &c., having burners placed in a set of tubes, which terminate in a box
or chamber with a return flue on either side, the heated air escaping at the
lower end of the return flue. Figure 82 is a similar apparatus, but without
Figure 83 is a method of causing
any box or return flue for heating purposes.
a flame to ignite in the inside of a flue or chamber, by means of a mixture of
the gas and air supplied through the outer casing, the air to support com-
bustion being supplied through the centre tube. Figure 84 is a perspective
view of a stand, with any of the above-named burners placed underneath for
the purpose of heating flat irons, the gas being supplied through a flexible
tube. Figure 85 is a lighting torch, with flexible tube, which supplies gas
into the tube, where it is mixed with the air and ignites at the end, as shewn.
Figure 86 is a similar apparatus for singeing horses. Figure 87 is another
similar arrangement for a soldering iron. Figure 88 is an apparatus for
chemical or other purposes. Figure 88 and Figure 88", shewing different
arrangements of jointed tubes, to allow of placing the flame where required.
Figure 89 is an apparatus for applying heat to the upper part of any
substances laid upon a shelf or support, as shewn. Figure 90 is a section,
and Figure 90° is a plan of a burner for heating purposes; to prevent the
heat escaping too quickly, a plate or disc is placed a short distance above
the central aperture, thereby deflecting the heat more perfectly on to any sub-
stance placed underneath it. Figure 91 is an apparatus of the same descrip-
tion as Figure 89, but made double. The deflecting plate may be applied to
burners of any other form. Figure 92 shews an arrangement of apparatus
for culinary purposes, having a burner above, and supplied by gas and air by
a tube passing up the central tube of the larger burner, the larger burner

page_text: having. the escape of gas and air on its undersides, reflects great heat under-
neath. Figure 93 is an elevation of a disc burner, supplied with gas and air
by means of two or more standards, and ignited on the underneath side for
the purposes of cooking, &c. Figure 94 is an elevation, partly in section of a
burner of any form, as above described, and passing underneath a disc of iron,
causes the flame to spread over the under side, and, being placed on a frame or
hoop, cooks anything that may be placed under, while a trivet is placed over to
support any vessel to be heated, the gas being supplied by means of a flexible
tube or otherwise, and if the burner be reversed in position serves for boiling or
frying. Figure 95 is a plan, and 95 is an elevation, of a combination of any
such burners as have been described for larger surfaces, or such combination
burner may be placed in concentric rings or discs, as may be required.
Figure 96 is of a similar description to Figure 89, but with a burner both
above and below, and also the uppermost burner may be turned round out
of the way when wanted, or removed altogether. Figure 97 is a method of
heating liquids contained in vessels (such as a tea urn) by means of any of the
above-named burners placed underneath a tube or tubes passing through the
vessel, the heat being intercepted by means of a spiral or other disc. placed in
the tube, which disc may be removed at pleasure for the purpose of lighting
the gas burner. Figure 98 is a method of making a series of burners occupy
any desired shape or length by means of the plan well known as the lazy tongs,
the gas being supplied to the burners or the joints or otherwise through the
tubes, and each burner has its own supply of air in the way and manner before
described. Figure 98 shews the apparatus in a condensed form; and
Figure 98 shews one of the burners on the joints, the gas being supplied by
means of a flexible tube or otherwise. Figure 99 is an elevation, partly in
section, and 99, a plan of a set of tubes similar to Figures 61 and 62, as
before described, but enclosed in a chamber to which air is admitted by a
cock, to regulate the supply. Figure 100 is an elevation of a burner similar to
Figure 11, having gauze wire or gauze wire and asbestos interposed between
the burner and vessel. Figure 101 is an elevation of a burner having holes at
the bottom of the tube for the admission of air, which is regulated by a tap
placed above the holes, and the gas is admitted by a tube inserted above the
air-cock. Figure 102 is an elevation of a counter or other gas fitting with an
air and gas heating burner attached. Figure 103 is an elevation, partly in
section, of an apparatus for heating apartments, &c., by hot air or hot water,
the flue being either within the spiral, or external to it, as may be required.
Figure 104 is a view, partly in elevation, and partly in section, of a heating
apparatus for liquids or metals, wire gauze or wire gauze and asbestos, &c., as

page_text: Figure 108 differs
shewn in Figure 104", being interposed (as in Figure 100). Figures 105 and
105 shew an apparatus for similar purposes to Figure 104, but showing a
different form of receptacle. Figures 106 and 107 are burners formed by
inserting a series of small tubes into an air and gas tube common to all; this
arrangement is very suitable for furnaces, &c.; a combination of these burners
may be used, and either straight or curved, as required.
from 106, in that the air and gas burners form openings in the top of the
tube. Figures 108, 108, 108, and 108d, are tubes with burners set at
different angles, and supplied with air and gas, as in 106, or by air, as in
Figure 63. Figure 109 is an apparatus especially for bookbinders; any of the
various burners described in other. parts of this Specification may be used (as,
in Figure 109). Figure 110 is an apparatus for melting metals, &c., with a
conical top; the nozzles of air and gas tubes being inserted into the crucible,
air is admitted into the crucible to support combustion; an external flame
may also be applied. Figure 111 is for a similar purpose as Figure 110, but
the burner is composed of a large air and gas tube, wherein is placed a number
of small tubes, so as to fill up the said tube, a cylinder being placed round the
burner to direct the air to the flame, and confine it to the vessel to be heated;
additional air tubes are inserted, if necessary, into the lower part of the cone,
at given angles, to increase combustion. Figure 112 is a vertical section, and
112 is a plan of an apparatus for cooking by downward radiation; any of the
burners as shewn at Figures 9, 10, 28, 29, &c. may be so used. A disc of metal
having such a burner attached, is supplied with air and gas either from a
supporting standard, or directly through the handle by a flexible tube, the
meat, &c., being placed beneath becomes cooked. Figure 113 is an arrange-
ment for cooking; a series of air and gas tubes, as in Figure 63, having
elbows on the top of each, are so ranged beneath and around the orifice of a
hot plate, as is commonly used with gas, that the plate projects sufficiently over
the mouth of the burner as to prevent anything falling thereon. Figure 114
is an apparatus especially for annealing purposes; the air and gas arrange-
ment, similar to Figures 61 and 62, is placed within a cylinder, terminated at
top by an inverted cone, in which the substances to be acted on are placed;
a coarse wire gauze, singly or in layers being interposed between the burner
and cone, over this a cone with a flue is placed. In some cases, outside this
again a second cone is used. Figure 115 is a vertical section of an apparatus
for heating water; flattened tubes conveying water are fixed as a boiler, so
that the air and gas flame may play upon them, or the tubes may be the fire
flues surrounded by water. Figure 116 is a worm for heating water, as in
Figure 103 and can be used for the passage of the water, or as the fire flue.

page_text: Figure 117 is an air and gas burner, whose form is sufficiently shewn in the
Drawing by this shape, and similar to it, internal ignition is avoided, and
long air tubes employed where the height is limited. Figures 118, 118",
118, 118, show an arrangement of air and gas burner useful in applying
heat in any required direction. Figure 119 is an expanding apparatus for
cooking; two iron checks placed on a gas burner, similar to Fig. 106, are
covered with wire gauze, which becomes intensely hot, the meat placed
between is rapidly cooked. Figure 120 is a vase, wherein is an air and gas
burner (Figure 120"); a wire shield (Figure 120) is placed over the burner,
whereon is laid flattened platina wire. Figure 121 is an air and gas burner.
similar to Figure 3, having an inverted cone on the top, with air passages in
the narrow part of the cone, in which cone is placed one or more discs of wire
gauze, on which may be placed, either fastened or loose, asbestos, fire and other
clays, or any other incombustible substance; a series of these burners, of any
form or shape, are particularly applicable to stoves for heating apartments or
places where great heat is required, also for cooking and for chemical and
other purposes. Figure 122 is an arrangement for an asbestos stove, or open
fire, the burner employed being similar to Figure 20. Figures 122* and 122"
show a similar arrangement, either on a curve or on a bevil. Figure 123 is an
elevation, and partly a vertical section, of an arrangement of a set of air and
gas burners to be hung on the bars of a common stove grate; a chamber
covered at the top with wire gauze and asbestos, or other material, is attached
on the under side to the air and gas tube or tubes; behind this, and a little
higher, is placed a similar arrangement, so that the products from the under-
most chamber pass behind the box next above it into a common flue, and so
on with as many chambers as are required. Figure 123 is a front view,
partly in perspective, of this arrangement; and Figure 123b shows a side
elevation of two air and gas bars with asbestos, giving a vertical front, whereas
the others show the front on the bevil. Figure 124 is a view in perspective of
an air and gas fire, having a sheet of wire gauze in front and a flue: this fire
is intended to be placed on the bars of a common open stove. Instead of one
sheet of wire gauze, two or more such sheets may be used, one behind the
other. The air and gas arrangement is similar to Figure 63; we tic lace.
or otherwise fix asbestos, or other incombustible substance, on the sheet
of wire gauze. Figure 125 is a similar arrangement to Figure 124, but
without flue; this may be used for cooking. Figure 126 shows a method
for using the same kind of arrangement as Figures 124 and 125, but
with a stand for a plate or article to be cooked. Figure 127 is a
similar arrangement to Figure 125, for cooking purposes, having one, two,

page_text: or more reflecting surfaces of wire gauze, thereby deflecting the heat from
the surface on to the article to be cooked; the waste heat can be used
for boiling, &c.; and in Figure 128 is a similar arrangement for cooking
purposes, having a central air tube to supply oxygen to the back of the flame,
thereby causing a more perfect combustion. Figure 129 is a view of a
cooking apparatus, shewing a method of heating two ovens with one central
burner, the heat from which passes under a spreader, thereby causing a circular
current to be kept up inside and around each oven or compartment, at last
making its exit up the central smoke pipe, and by means of dampers, the
whole heat may be confined to one oven or compartment. Figure 130, 130",
130, and 130°, are various arrangements for filling up a common fire-place
with a gas fire apparatus, gas being supplied from the tops of tubes of various
lengths, similar to Figures 61 and 62, and asbestos, slag, or other incombustible
material, is placed over and among the tops of the gas tubes, so as to become
incandescent. Figure 131 is a perspective view; and 131ª, a cross section of
an arrangement for a gas bath, having a large projecting step or foot board.
composed of a flai or other shaped tube or tubes, surrounded with a film of
water; the air and gas burner is of a similar arrangement to Figure 15 or 63;
by this means the projection of a common boiler is avoided by being covered
with wood or metal, and again with carpeting, thereby forming a foot board or
step to the bath, or two or more such steps may be used. Figure 132 is a per-
spective view of a hairdresser's stove, having burners similar to Figure 20,
covered with one or more layers of gauze wire, over which are openings to receive
curling irons; the waste heat from beneath serves to warm a vessel of water,
or to heat the apartment. Figures 132 and 132 are a simple arrangement
to attach to a tube, or fitting, or can be made portable with a flexible tube.
and can be used for heating curling irons, soldering irons, or for bookbinders'
tools. &c. Figure 133 is an elevation partly in section and Figure 133" is a
plan; and Figure 133 is a cross section of a gas bath, having a flue all round,
the lower part of the body of the bath surrounded by a thin film of water; the
flue projects at one end of the bath, under which is placed a burner, similar to
Figures 61 and 62, or any other suitable burner, the products of combustion
escaping up a lube at the opposite end to the burner; when rapid heating is
required, one, two, or more projections are used with corresponding burners.
Figures 134, 134, and 134b, are arrangements for the purpose of heating
Italian irons, the gas flame, burning from the top of the central stand, heats the
projecting arms to the required degree. Figure 135 shews the internal part
of a tailor's stove for heating irons; the iron being cored through, is placed
upon the starid, having a gas burner inserted into the orifice cored in the iron;

page_text: the flame burning inside heats the iron to the requisite degree. Figure 144
shews a method of arranging a series of such irons on a table or stand in any
given form, a separate cover being made to each iron; any one of them can
be withdrawn without letting the heat escape from the rest; an arrangement
being made of letting on the gas upon the deposition of the iron on to the
table. Figures 143 and 143 shew a double iron case, made to fit the iron;
the products of combustion passing between the two, thereby keeping the
surface of the iron clean, any burner being used according to the size required.
Figure 136 is a perspective view of a roasting, boiling, and oven arrangement,
for general cooking; the internal bright surface of the roaster shewn in Figure
136 being always surrounded with water, keeps the surface in good reflecting
order. Figure 137 is an air and gas burner, similar to Figures 3 and 4, with
the addition of a tube inserted at the side, and above the air space inside,
terminating with a perforated button at top, round which the flame burns, and
is heated by the flame, which it in turn supplies with heated air from the
perforations. Figure 138 shews a burner, similar to Figures 63 and 73; the
standing tube can be made large to facilitate the more perfect admixture of
the air and gas previous to entering the gas burners. Figure 139 is an air
and gas tube, with a coil of gauze wire inside to prevent ignition downwards,
and also becoming incandescent, radiates great heat. Figure 140 is a section,
and 140 is a plan of a coil of flat tube, having the upper side of the coil
closed, so as to form, when placed upon a surface, a spiral flue, the internal
spaces holding the water, which is heated by means of a burner placed under-
neath, similar to 28, 61, or 62, and thus forming a boiler for baths,
conservatories, &c. Figure 147 is a vertical section of an air and gas burner,
composed of a number of small tubes passing through a plate Figure 147ª,
and fixed into the lower plate shewn at Figure 147; the gas enters the space
between the lower and upper plate, which last is perforated, and receives its
admixture of air from openings made in the sides of the outer cylinder or case;
the tubes are also perforated near to the top plate, thereby causing a better
admixture of the air and gas, which ignite at the top. Figure 141 is a plan,
and 141 is an elevation of a gas gridiron, and is an arrangement similar to
Figures 20 and 63, having a flexible tube attached to its handle, or the air
and gas may be supplied at the feet of the frame, as shewn in Figure 106.
Figure 142 is a perspective view, and Figure 142" is a section of a cooking
stove, lined with Dutch or other tiles, with reflecting surfaces; any of the
aforesaid burners may be used with this arrangement. Figure 145 is a section
of an oven or portable cooking apparatus; the burner, Figure 145, having
air and gas tubes, as shewn in Figure 63, surrounds the lower part of the

page_text: cooking apparatus, an iron stand or frame with runners to receive the shelf
on which is placed the meat to be cooked, the ontside body being moveable.
and can be placed over the article to be cooked, having a door with a plate of
tale or glass, to view the process, placed at the side. Figure 145 is another
form of cover for the same purpose; Figure 146 is an air and gas burner,
similar to Figure 3, with internal tube terminating with a conical top, the
gas supply pipe being inserted a little below the outer tube, and entering
the inner tube near to the top; the inner tube being perforated .at
bottom, the mixture of air and gas becomes highly heated previous to
ignition.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that, as before, stated, we do
not claim the gas heating apparatus shewn at Figures. 1 and 2; but we claim
the various additions to, and modifications and arrangements of, such apparatus
shewn in the Drawings annexed, and herein-before fully described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Brooks Pettit, for myself. and on
behalf of the said Henry Fly Smith, have hereunto set.my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six.