Improvements in Briquettes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th Aug:, 1896-Accepted, 26th Sept:, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:
Improvements in Briquettes.
"
I, STEPHEN MANNINGTON CAFFYN, of No. 6 Cedar Gardens, Putney, in the
County of Surrey, Physician and Surgeon; do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in briquettes.
Tu carrying it into effect I take of refuse coal, say one ton. I add to this 12% of
broken road metal or flint. In the absence of these latter, a coarse sand, preferably
that found on the coast of Cornwall is a good substitute. To the above, I add an
aqueous solution of silicate of soda; the quantity of water varying, with the
dryness of the refuse coal. The amount of silicate of soda I have found most.
desirable is 7%
These constituents are mixed in an ordinary mixing machine such as that used
for brick making purposes. Once mixed they are run through either a brick or
briquette making machine as may be most convenient and then dried.
Dated this 16th day of November 1895.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant.
'
Improvements in Briquettes.
I, STEPHEN MANNINGTON CAFFYN of No. 6 Cedar Gardens, Putney, in the
County of Surrey, Physician and Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of this.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in briquettes and the object of it is to make
improved provision for the access of air to each briquette. As the latter are made
and sold, each one reaches the customer as a solid and compact maɛs that is capable of
burning only over those surfaces of it which are exposed to the air. Numerous
departures from the regular cubical shape have been proposed, with a view to-
increase the proportion of exposed surface to mass, but with only limited success
as far as regards the practical facilitation of combustion.
The above mentioned improved provision does not interfere with the surface of
the briquette, which it leaves as heretofore, but it consists in endowing it with a
3w faculty, viz. one of cleaving and' yawning automatically after it is in the
furnace or on the fire, in much the same way as does a lump of bituminous coal.
under the influence of beat. It cleaves along certain lines, then yawns there..
Smoko is evolved from the openings and air enters them, the result being that
combustion is established over surfaces other than the original outer surfaces of
the lump.
Further, the above mentioned cleaving and yawning on the part of the improved
briquettes facilitates the act of breaking it up with the poker, an operation to-
which the ordinary briquette offers a stubborn resistance.

page_text: The invention consists in the combination of refuse coal and broken road metal
or flints. It is well known that flints expand and split under the influence of heat.
Consequently when they are commingled with the small coal in proper proportion,
it follows, that the resultant briquette. will be compelled to cleave yawn and
break up more or less, after it has been thrown into the furnace or put on to
the fire.
The following are suitable proportions:-Coal 8: metal or flints 1. But these
proportions may be varied within certain limits which arise practically out of the
above mentioned property of flints.
Those stated may be regarded as suitable for refuse coal of normal composition.
Both the coal and the flints should be about of a size.
It is usual and desirable to use a binding ingredient in the manufacture of
briquettes. I propose to use or suggest as a suitable one as far as regards its
binding power, an aqueous solution of silicate of soda, but any other may be made
use of and as their, use is well known the use or the contrary, if any or the selection
of a suitable one, may be left to the circumstances or predilection of the particular
manufacturer dealing with the present invention.
The process of manufacture of the improved briquettes from the combination
which forms the subject of the present invention, is substantially, the same as that
generally followed, that is to say, the coal and- flint, together with the binding.
ingredient if any, are fed into the mixer or pug mill and from that to the dies
and drier.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of briquettes, the combination of refuse coal and broken
road metal or flints.
2. A briquette containing refuse coal and broken road metal or flints.
3. The combination with carbonaceous fuel, of broken road metal or flints, as
and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 15th day of August 1896:
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.