Improvements in Heat-insulating Bodies, also applicable for Deadening Sound.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1898-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heat-insulating Bodies, also applicable for
Deadening Sound.
I, CARL NOLTEMEIER, of Kölnerstrasse 50, Haspe in Westfalon, Germany, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Conse-
Steam pipes as also gas and water pipes are protected against the action of heat
and cold and also against the radiation of the heat by means of suitable coverings
or coatings of substances which are bad conductors of heat or of insulating materials.
The protection of steam pipes in particular is very important because an efficient
insulation allows of realizing great economy by reason of the lessened amount of
water of condensation. This economy, as ascertained by tests, may reach 90%.
Heretofore for the purpose of covering and insulating there have been mainly
employed, silicious tufa, asbestos, earth wool, or slag wool, on one hand by reason
of the difference of the price and on the other hand by reason of the greater or less
facility of enclosing the insulating air. However, the effect of these materials has
never been efficient and is only appreciable to a certain extent even in favourable
circumstances. The vibration of the pipes, the drying of the masses, rapidly
destroy these materials. It has also been tried to diminish these drawbacks by
wrapping the pipes round with hemp, nettle fibre, etc. Also insulating tubes of
cotton or hemp filled with silicious tufa or with cork have also been employed but
by reason of their composition they can only have a very small value.
quently they have only been employed for low temperatures. Better useful effects
have been obtained by the use of coverings or linings of felt or formed of tubes of
felt, plates of cork, ropes of silk and of wool. These animal and vegetable materials
owe their property of keeping in the heat principally to the air which is enclosed in
their pores and interstices and which is a bad conductor of heat. On the other
hand these substances have the great drawback of being extremely combustible.
The effect of these materials is considerably diminished by the fact that they have
to be too strongly compressed in being built up in order to obtain a sufficient layer
and a greater or less strength and thickness, whereby a great part of their porosity
is lost which constitutes their advantage. It is only layers of stationary air which
realize the best insulation against the external influence and the radiation of heat.
This has been universally recognised and proved by theory as well as by practice.
These observations have led me to construct bodies enclosing air passage of the
greatest possible cross section and composed of materials of the greatest
possible resistance and incombustibility. Regard had also to be paid to ease in use
and to a form suitable for all purposes. Experiments have led me to the construc-
tion of hollow insulating bodies which have two channels or air passages placed one
over the other and which mutually cover each other. These insulating bodies are
made of a mixture of paper boiled in alum water, with soluble glass and chalk, the
whole being pressed in suitable moulds and provided with a layer of asbestos. The
accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example two forms of construction of
my invention.
Figure 1 illustrates the inner wall and Figure 2 the outer envelope

page_text: of the insulating body in the case where the latter is employed for forming slabs,
etc. Figure 3 shows the inner wall and the outer envelope of said slabs connected
together by a sheet or layer of asbestos. Figure 4 shows the connecting together
of two flags or slabs by means of a tongue and groove and by means of a metal
wire of small thickness passed over the hooks provided on the upper face of said
slabs. Figure 5 shows the connection of two insulating semi-circular sleeves
employed for insulating tubes. These hollow insulating bodies are made in the
following manner :-
In alum water, there are boiled paper and pieces of asbestos which are crushed
or pulped after boiling. Then the water is removed from said substances as far
as possible and the said substance is mixed with soluble glass and chalk until a firm
paste is produced which is placed into suitable moulds in which said material is
subjected to a great pressure and finally dried. These insulating bodies consist of three
distinct parts an envelope, an internal wall, and a sheet of asbestos. The inner
wall slides laterally into the outer envelope of suitable form in cross section and is
fixed therein by means of metal clips. The whole is provided with a sheet of
asbestos fixed at its lower part by means of soluble glass. The lateral sides of
these hollow insulating bodies are alternately provided with a tongue and a groove
in order to allow of firmly connecting two bodies together and of making a tight
joint between them. Further, the upper surfaces are provided near their edges with
metal hooks which are turned inwardly so as to be capable of fastening several
insulating bodies tightly one against the other by means of a thin metal wire as
indicated in Figure 5. The hollow insulating bodies may be made in the form of
plates or slabs, Figure 3, or of semi-cylindrical sleeves which when put together
will make a tube, Figure 5, or they may be made in the form of refractory bricks
or blocks. These hollow insulating bodies are employed in the form of slabs for
insulating vessels of large size, steam boilers steam cylinders, etc., and for deaden-
ing sound in floors, ceilings, and partition walls; in the form of sleeves for covering
pipes of all kinds; in the form of bricks for constructing arches of vaults or
cellars, underground railway tunnels (for deadening sound) ice chambers, fermenting
cellars, heating chambers and hot air ducts; for partitions and walls of small
thickness, etc. In building construction these insulating bodies may be coated with
oil colour. The advantages possessed by my hollow insulating bodies, as compared
with the insulating substances heretofore employed, are the following:
1. The superposed channels enclosing layers of air at rest realize the maximum
of useful effect against the radiation of heat or against the influence of external
temperature.
2. The material employed is of tough and strong structure, and by reason of its
composition, the insulating bodies cannot be destroyed by shock, cold, heat and
moisture.
3. These insulating bodies may be employed for all purposes, in all shapes, and
for articles of all kinds, and be subjected either to a high temperature or to
excessive cold. They can be wholly or partially removed and replaced, and re-
employed in the case of repairs or alterations.
4. The primary material can be procured everywhere and at a very low cost. The
manufacture is extremely simple.
5. These insulating bodies are very light.
6. The erection of the same is very simple and does not require any previous
know edge for carrying out the same. The erection can be carried out cheaply and
without hindering the progress of work.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
:―
Hollow insulating bodies made from paper or pieces of asbestos boiled in alum
water or aluminous water, crushed or pulped after boiling, and mixed with soluble
glass and with chalk, the whole being subjected in moulds to a high and continued

page_text: pressure, the construction of these hollow insulating bodies comprising rows of
superposed air passages and being composed of the core or inner wall, Figure 1, and
of the outer envelope or casing, Figure 2, which are adapted to slide laterally one
into the other and which are connected together by means of metal clips, the
lower side being closed by means of sheets of asbestos and soluble glass; the lateral
surfaces of said insulating bodies being provided with grooves and tongues for the
purpose of making a thoroughly tight joint which can be made still stronger by
lacing together the several bodies by means of a metal wire of small thickness
which passes over metal hooks turned towards the inside, as set forth.
1000
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Iust. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.