Improvements in the Generation of Gas for Lighting and Heating Purposes, and the Necessary Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Generation of Gas for Lighting and Heating
Purposes, and the Necessary Apparatus therefor.
I BERNHARD ANDREAE of 21 Hainburger Street, Vienna, in the Empire of
Austro-Hungary, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GENERATION OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
PURPOSES, AND THE NECESSARY APPARATUS THEREFOR to be as follows:-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of gas generating apparatus in section through N. O.
Fig. 2 is a side view through L. M. of Fig. 1.
Figs. 3. 4. and 5 are various sectional plans.
In the generator shewn by the drawings the combustibles arrive through a
funnel, firstly in the chamber a and pass from there to the chamber b, the
chamber a is formed by a pipe shaped, conical, fire-brick mantle, which is provided
with ribs and serves as a gas-expulsion chamber for the charged combustibles, from
which in the chamber b, gas is produced.
The gas and steam formed in both chambers come together in c, and arrive
through the channels d, and e, in the conduit or outlet i of the generator whilst on
their way, they heat the combustibles in a, and cause the partial expulsion of gas.
In the room 6 stands forth a frustrum of the cone f, which is constructed as a
ribbed body, this ribbed body has the function of not only superheating the steam
entering the generator, but partially heats the air entering the same way in the
generator. The other parts of the construction do not want a further explanation
as their purpose appears from the drawing;
I construct my apparatus so that the expelling room a, is separated, from the gas-
making room b, so that only gooi heated combustibles, cin pass into the gas-making
room b; on the other hand, the steam formed in the expelling room a, must always
previously pass through a red hot coal zone, before c can join the gases coming out
from the gas-making room b. This construction of generator will produce with
inferior combustibles, a dry, tar free gas of good quality, and in considerable
quantities..
After the proper generator b is brought into regular action, the gas-expelling
room a, is slowly filled up with combustibles, which every time converts the
material into gas in the gas-making room b, previously however the gas is partly
expelled. Also through the frustrum of the cone f, the generator is supplied with

page_text: air, coming the same way in the other steam generator. The air and gas formed
in the first generator, and the hydrogen gas formed in the second generator can be
used as well separated, as mixed.
The last paragraph described the management of two or more generators.
At certain intervals of time the generator which before worked with air and
produced gas, is now supplied with steam for the formation of hydrogen gas, and is
reversed to supply air, where formerly it was worked with steam.
This reversing of the valve contrivances for steam and air is done every time
through a half revolution of the shaft g, and can also be done by hand with the
lever h
The expensive cost of a reservoir or gasometer, for the produced gas is by this
further avoided each gas generator is regulated selfactingly according to the
consumption of the gas. For this purpose a communication is made between the
gas conduit pipes, and a small reservoir, closed by a liquid and is moveable, so that
with the increasing pressure of gas, on the gas conduits i, the pressure under the
reservoir increases also, in consequence this reservoir & receives afterwards an
upward notion, which is transferred to two valve contrivances and there the air,
as well as the steam supply to the generator limits or stops, until an increased or
renewed consumption begins, which the gas pressure in the gas conduit pipe (and
consequently in the reservoir k) again lessens.

page_text: Improvements in the Generation of Gas for Lighting and Heating
Purposes, and the Necessary Apparatus therefor.
I, BERNHARD ANDREAE, of 21 Hainburger Street, Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria-Hungary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
1
The direction for generating a heating-gas with the aid of the hydrogen-gas.
process kept in by me allows to make profitable the whole quantity of carbon for
other purposes as heating gas; because the necessary quantity of heat for the
generation of bydrogen-gas always is gained entirely by the change from carbon
to carbonic oxide.
It appears from the represented generator construction in the drawing accom
panying the Provisional Specification that the combustibles arrive through a funnel
first in the room a, and from there in the room b.
i
The room a is formed by a conicale tapered, pipe shaped fire-brick mantle, which
is provided with ribs, and serves as gas expelling room for the charged combustibles,
for which in the room b follows the gasification. The gases and steam formed in
both rooms come together in the annular room c stream outside along the room a
through the channels d, e, the annular chamber u, in the pipe i, on this way the
gases and steam beat the combustibles in the room a, and cause partial expelling
of gas. For the production of generator gas, and the formation of hydrogen gas,.
to superheat the air and steam, stands forth in the room b, a frustum of the cone f,
which is .constructed as a hollow and ribbed body, inside of this body f is placed
a pipe, through which the steam and the air enter, and from above go down along
the sides of the body f, streaming through holes on the under end of the body in
the generator.
The use of blast allows a high pile of combustibles in the gasification room b,
and consequently the beating of the hot gangue which by the supplying of heated
air is still increased,
Any sort of combustibles give a gas of good quality, as well as in considerable
quantity.
A caking of the coals is hereby less to fear than a hard slag formation because
the steam entering after each period of air gas generation works against those
mentioned inconveniences, even as active as certain.
The management of two or more of such generators is in the following manner:
After the proper generator b is brought regular in gangue, the gas expelling
room a is to fill up with combustibles, which by sliding down, compensates the
material consumed in the gasification room b, while through the frustum of the
cone f, of one generator this generator is supplied with air, steam comes by a
similar way in the other generator.
The air generator gas formed in the first generator, and the hydrogen gas formed
in the second generator, can be employed, just as well separated, as in any chosen
mixture

page_text: The generation of hydrogen gas in one and the same room succeeds under
auspicious circumstances, only a limited time, this demands a constant change in
the generation of hydrogen gas, and air generator gas, supposing that an equal and
fertile gas generation is required, the reversing of the valve contrivances for steam
and air, is done by eccentrics, on the revolving shaft g, to these eccentrics are
applied levers which are by ropes (and counter weights) connected with the valves
which are opened or closed, by lifting or lowering the levers with the eccentrics on
the revolving shaft g. This can also be done by hand with the lever h.
The production of gas is by the reservoir k regulated according to the con-
sumption of gas, and by this is avoided the expensive investment of a large
gasometer.
For this purpose the small, reservoir communicates with the gas conduit pipes¹i,
by a small pipe, which. ends, inside of the reservoir.k, of this the upper part is
moveable in a fluid so as with increasing gas pressure, in the gas conduits i, also
the pressure under the reservoir k, increases; in consequence of this, the reservoir k,
receives an upwards going motion, which is transferred to two valve contrivances,
and therewith; the air as well as the steam supply to the generators limits or stops,
until an increased consumption begins, which the gas pressure in the gas conduit
pipes and also in the reservoir k, again lessens.
The hydrogen gas process is in this manner for certain purposes made profitable,
which before now could not be done, and the production of gas in quantity and
quality has not before been attained. Finally it may yet be mentioned, that the
generator, in the drawing accompanying the Provisional Specification, can serve as
well for the production of lighting gas, made froin hydrogen gas and fluid carbon,
hydrogen substances, then it is sufficient for this purpose, during the period of
formation of hydrogen gas, either in the expelling room a, or in the gasification
room b, on c, to enter sufficient quantities of fluid carbon, hydrogen substances in
the generator to receive a gas of more or less lighting power quite at will.
Having now particularly. described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be porformed I declare that what
Iclaim is
.
1. The construction of the generator with the expelling room'd, surrounded by
the channels c, d, e'and u, in combination with the gasification room b, and the
frustum of the cone f, for superheating the steam and the air, which forin this
body may be given as shewn and described.
2. The management and combination of one, two, or more generators for the
production of air; generator gas; and hydrogen gas, each separately or the mixture
thereof in the manner as shewn and described.
3. The communication of the gas conduit tube i, with the reservoir whose
inoveable upper part, by increasing the 'gas pressure rises, and by decreasing falls,
which motion is. transferred to the valves in inverse proportion, for the admission
of air and steam, so as the production of gas is regulated actording to the con-
sumption of gas, whereby a gasometer is not required for the produced gas as
shewn and described.
4. The manner of regulation of the moveable valve contrivances, by machine or
by hand as shewn and described.
J