Improvements in the Manufacture of Coke, Coal Gas, and the Obtainment of Bye Products, and in Apparatus employed therein.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1894-Accepted. 10th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Coke, Coal Gas, and the
Obtainment of Bye Products, and in Apparatus employed
therein.
PAUL DVORKOVITZ of Fernwood North Hill Highgate in the County of
London Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to the manufacture of coke, coal gas and the obtainment
of bye products and in apparatus employed therein whereby a more rapid coking
of the coal is effected and a greater yield of gas and bye products are obtained
from a certain quantity of coal than has hitherto been the case. According to
my invention construct the ovens or chamber in which the coal is treated in
such a manner that heat may be applied not only on the exterior of the chamber
containing the coal but so that heat may be applied to the interior of the
chamber among the mass of coal. The external heat may be derived from
generator gas caused to circulate through flues arranged in the brickwork of the
oven or chamber in a circuitous course either in a vertical direction or in a
the chamber may be
longitudinal direction or at any desired angle whereby
effectually heated on the exterior but in order to thoroughly heat the mass of
coal rapidly introduce at the bottom or any other suitable part of the chamber
hydrogen which may be in the form of water gas or coal gas and either alone or in
combination with air so that the gas or gas and air mingles with the coal and
rapidly effects the coking thereof by the heat of the gas.
The gas and bye products produced in the chamber may be exhausted through
one or more outlets connected to the main and be treated in the ordinary manner.
Several chambers may be arranged side by side and heated by flues arranged as
before described so as to effect their heating in a rapid and effective manner.
Dated this 14th day of March 1893
J. H. JOHNSON & Co..
47. Lincoln's Inn Fields. London, W... Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Coke, Coal Gas, and the
Obtainment of Bye Products, and in Apparatus employed
therein.
HOW of
I, PAUL DVORKOVITZ, late ot Fernwood, North Hill. Highgate, but
6 Willow Bridge Road, Canonbury, both in the County of London, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manuer the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
Statement:
.
My invention relates to the manufacture of coke and coal gas and the obtainment
of bye products and in apparatus employed therein whereby a more rapid coking
coal
of the coal is effected and a greater yield of both gas and bye products for
paraffin oil is or are obtained from a given quantity of coal than has hitherto
been the case.
According to my invention 1 construct the oven retort or chamber in which the
coal is treated in such a manner that heat may be applied not only on the exterior
of the said oven retort or chamber but so that heat may be applied to the interior
died on
The
Long the mass of cop therein. The external heat

page_text: generator gas caused to circulate through flues arranged in the brickwork of the
oven retort or chamber in a circuitous course either in a vertical direction or in a
longitudinal direction, or at any desired angle whereby the oven retort, or chamber
may be effectually heated on the exterior, but in order to thoroughly heat the mass
of coal rapidly introduce at the top or bottom or at any other suitable part of the
oven retort or chamber hydrogen which may be in the form of water gas or coal
gas or highly superheated steam and either alone, or in combination with air, so
that the gas, or gas and air mingles with the coal and rapidly effects the coking
thereof by the heat of the gas which is introduced at a temperature above the
initial heat of the interior and its heated contents. The gas and bye products (or
coal paraffin oil) produced in the oven retort or chamber may be exhausted through
an outlet or outlets connected to the main and be treated in the ordinary
manner.
Several chambers may be arranged side by side and be heated by flues arranged
as before described so as to effect their heating in a rapid and effective manner.
The heating of the gas or gas and air which is or are to be introduced into the
oven retort or chamber may be effected in any suitable heating apparatus or the
said gas may be introduced (if it he water gas for example) as it is produced and
whilst it is at a temperature above the initial temperature of the interior of the oven
retort or chamber and its contents. It may be introduced by a pipe opening into
the oven retort or chamber and provided with a valve by which the amount of
gas or gas and air introduced can be regulated.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are elevations at right angles to
each other and Figure 3 a plan of an apparatus constructed according to my
invention. Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section along the line 1-2
Figure 6. Figure is a part end elevation and part transverse section on the
line 3-4 Figure 6 and Figure 6 is a part plan and part horizontal section along
the lines 5-6, 7--8 and 9-10 Figure 4.
A represents two chambers or retorts in which is placed shale, coal or other
carbonaceous substance such as wood or peat to be treated. The said carbonaceous
substance which I will refer to as coal is fed into the chamber or retort through
openings B the said openings being provided with covers C.
These chambers or retorts may be heated exteriorally by generator gas iron a
furnace the said gas passing from the furnace by a pipe or passage E
communicating by branches with chambers or flues F beneath the chambers or
retorts A. The chambers or flues F are connected by other flues or passages (i,
formed in the brickwork up the sides of the retorts, with horizontal flues H at or
near the upper ends of the retorts and communicating with the chinmey 1. The
generator gas passing through these flues effects the external heating of the
chambers or retorts A whilst they are heated in the inside by water gas generated
in furnaces K the said water gas as it is generated passing through pipes or
passages L communicating by a pipe M and branches M with the interior of the
upper part of each of the retorts A. This water gas which is admitted to the
reforts at a temperature above the initial heat of the interior of the retorts mingles
with the coal and rapidly separates therefrom the volatile constituents which then
pass from the retorts through pipes or passages N at the bottom thereof and are
conducted by pipes O to apparatus wherein the separation of the bye products
and the purification of the gas is effected. If desired the water gas may be
admitted to the retorts at the lower part instead of at the top and the bye products
be drawn off at the upper part of the said retorts. In the drawings I have shewn
two chambers or retorts arranged side by side but if desired only one chamber or
retort may be provided or more than two chambers or retorts may be combined in
one apparatus. These chambers or retorts are provided at each end with a door P
which may be readily removed and the cake discharged and the doors replaced in
readiness for a fresh charge of cual, ale valves for admitting and cutting off the
supply of water gas to the interior of the retorts and e is a valve for governing
the admission of generator gas for heating the exterior of the retorts.

page_text: I find in practice that in an oven retort or chamber containing a charge of
coal of five tons a stream of water gas equal to about 5000 cubic feet per hour at
a temperature of 1200° Fahrenheit gives good results.
The coke obtained will be found to be free or practically free from sulphur and
therefore it is better adapted than ordinary coke for use more especially for
metallurgical operations.
On account of the internal heating the external heat, applied in conjunction
with the internal heating described, may be less than that ordinarily applied
exteriorly.
The hydrogen will enable ammonia to be produced as it takes up the nitrogen.
The invention may be applied to the treatment of shale or carbonareous matter
other than coal for the obtainment of bye products therefrom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is
1. In the manufacture of coke and coal gas and the obtainment of products
therefrom the application of heat to the interior of the oven retort or chamber
substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
2. In apparatus for the manufacture of coke and coal gas and the obtainment of
products therefrom the combination with the oven retort or chamber containing
the charge, of an inlet for an agent for applying internal heat to the interior
thereof substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
3. In the manufacture of coal gas the obtainment by a low temperature of bye
products with a large quantity of coal paraffin oil substantially as herein before
described.
4. The obtainment of coke free from sulphur in the manner hereinbefore
described.
Datad this 15th day of January 1894
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX.
Agents.