CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND THEIR-BOXES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn (City), London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND THEIR-BOXES."-A com-
munication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Lora-
doux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th May 1854.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND THEIR BOXES" to be
as follows:-
the form and construction of the
the box; and its principal object
The first part of this Invention relates to
journal, or that portion of the axle which fits
is to throw the weight towards the centre of the length of the box and of the
tread of the wheel, and the strain directly and equally towards the two ends of
the journal, and thereby prevent the axle and box wearing unevenly, and
throwing the wheel out of truth. It consists in making the said part in the
form of two truncated cones, united at their truncated extremities; one of the
said cones being made solid with the axle, and the other being made loose, and
sliding over the end of the axle, in order that the box may be easily put on
and removed from the axle without being divided longitudinally, as it must
necessarily be for a solid axle having a journal of the above form.

page_text: The second part of the Invention relates to the method of supplying the
axle with oil or other lubricating matter, and consists in surrounding the axle
with an annular oil box, containing openings so disposed as to admit all the
oil at or near the middle of the length of the journal or the junction of the two
cones, from which part it will be distributed equally all over the journal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special license that I,
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islauds, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND THEIR BOXES," a communication, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed_in_the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:-
The first part of this Invention relates to the form and construction of the
journal, or that portion of the axle which fits the box, and its principal object
is to throw the weight towards the centre of the length of the box, and of the

page_text: tread of the wheel, and the strain directly and equally towards the two ends of
the journal, and thereby prevent the axle and box wearing unevenly, and
throwing the wheel out of truth. It consists in making the said part in the
form of two truncated cones, united at their truncated extremities; one of the
said cones being made solid with the axle, and the other being made loose, and
sliding over the end of the axle, in order that the box may be easily put on.
and removed from the axle without being divided longitudinally, as it must
necessarily be for a solid axle having a journal of the above form.
The second part of the Invention relates to the method of supplying the axle
with oil or other lubricating matter, and consists in surrounding the axle with
an annular oil box, containing openings so disposed as to admit all the oil at
or near the middle of the length of the journal or the junction of the two
cones, from which part it will be distributed equally all over the journal.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates my Invention.
Fig. 1 is a section through the axis of a heavy cart-wheel, the axle-box
and the loose cone, with the solid part of the axle in its place, entire.
Fig. 2 represents the journal entire, removed from the box.
Eig. 3 is an outside face view of the nave of the wheel, supposed to be upon
the axle.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the box.
Fig. 5 is a side view of the solid part of the axle.
Fig. 6 is a side view of the loose cone, and Fig. 7. is an end view of the
same.
Fig. 8 is a section of a nave and axle box for a light pleasure carriage
wheel, with the journal of the axle complete.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figs.
A is the axle, having the conical part a and a collar 6 at the back part
thereof forged upon it, a short distance from its extremity. That part c of
the axle outside, or in front of a, is squared, in order to receive the loose
cone d in such a way that it cannot turn thereon. The loose cone & fits
close up to, and corresponds exactly in its external form with, the solid
conical part a of the axle, and has a collar e in front, similar to the collar bat
the back of a; it is confined in its place on the axle by means of a screw f,
which screws into a female screw in the end of the axle, and has a head
arger than the square part c. The screw fis prevented being loosened or
turning out when the wheel runs backwards, or at any other time by means
of-a-stud-g, which passes through its head, and-is-attached thereto by a spring,
n-such a way as to be caused to enter one of a series of holes h, h, in the end-
of the cone d. The axle box B is made of cast iron, or any metal commonly

page_text: employed, and is bored conically from the ends, to fit accurately to the double-
conical journal a, d, and has suitable recesses in the ends into which the.
collars &c fit accurately. It is surrounded by the oil chamber c, which is
cast in the same piece with it, and should have feathers or wings on the out-
side, to prevent it turning in the nave of the wheel. This oil chamber com-
municates with the box through any suitable number of holes j.j, near the
middle of the journal or the junction of the cones. The wheel should be so
constructed, that a plane, perpendicular to its axis, intersecting the journal at
the junction of the two cones a and d, will divide the tread in two equal parts;
the two cones will thus throw all the weight towards the centre of the tread.
Before placing the wheel on the axle, the cone d must be removed from the
square c, and not replaced till the wheel is on; the cone d is then brought up
to its place, and confined by the screw f. When the wheel is to be taken off,
the screw f merely requires to be removed, and it may be drawn off easily,
bringing with it the cone d. The oil or grease is intended to be inserted in
the oil chamber c, through a hole i, which is provided for that purpose, and
furnished with a screw or other stopper, and will supply itself as required to
the smallest part of the journal, from whence, as the wheels rotate, it is
distributed uniformly all over, being prevented escaping at the ends by the
collars 6 and e.
I claim, 1st, the double-conical journal a, d, and its box B, constructed in
any way substantially as herein described, for the purposes set forth.
2d, surrounding the double-conical axle box B with an annular oil cham-
ber O, which has suitable openings j, j, to allow the oil to be supplied to the
double-conical journal a, d, at or near the junction of the cones, substantially
as herein specified.
In witness whercof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
have hereunto set my hand-and-scal, this Twenty-first day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1854.
A. E. LOKADOUA BELLFORD. (L.S.)