IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC PRESSURE FOR DRILLING ROCKS, CRUSHING ORES, AND PERFORATING, CRUSHING, PULVERIZING, AND LAMINATING OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES; AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR’
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Brown Jordan and Thomas Rowland Jordan,
both of 63, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineers, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF
PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC PRESSURE FOR DRILLING ROCKS, CRUSHING
ORES, AND PERFORATING, CRUSHING, PULVERIZING, AND LAMINATING OTHER
HARD SUBSTANCES; AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR’
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Brown Jordan and
Thomas Rowland Jordan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
26th June 1878.
THOMAS BROWN JORDAN and THOMAS ROWLAND JORDAN, both of 63, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RE-
LATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC PRESSURE FOR
DRILLING ROCKS, CRUSHING ORES, AND PERFORATING, CRUSHING, PULVERIZING,
AND LAMINATING OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS.
THEREFOR."
In carrying into practical operation the drilling of rocks by hand power with the
machines described in the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to the said
Thomas Brown Jordan, and dated 2 February, A. D. 1877 (No. 440), and 18th
September, A. D. 1877 (No. 3510) we have discovered that by certain modifications
and alteration of details of the said machines, and by the use of hydraulic pressure,
great advantages may be obtained, and the utility of the principle of repeated
compression greatly extended.
These additions and modifications of apparatus and their application to drilling,
or perforating, crushing, and laminating hard substances form the subject of our
present Invention.
We find it advantageous to provide the cylinder of a rock-drilling machine with
means for taking in a small additional charge of air at every stroke of the piston,

page_text: so that the quantity of air in the said cylinder would be constantly increasing were
it not for an escape valve which we place on or connect with the cylinder, and by
which the pressure can be regulated as desired.
This part of our Invention may be advantageously carried into practise by
enlarging the portion of the piston rod below the piston to nearly the diameter of
the said piston, so as to leave only a narrow annular space between the surface of
the enlarged portion of the rod and the cylinder. The said rod passes through a
gland in the bottom of the cylinder, and is packed with a cup leather, which is
turned inwards and admits air during the up stroke, but prevents its discharge into
the atmosphere during the return stroke of the said piston, and the latter is packed
in such a manner that the air passos from the space below to the space above the
piston, and is added to the quantity of air in the cylinder. Or we may use other
suitable means for effecting the same purpose.
The object attained by this improvement or modification of the machine described in
our said former Specifications is the delivery of a "dead blow" or the retention of
considerable pressure on the piston when and immediately after the blow is struck,
so as to avoid the rebound of the drill or tool, which otherwise occurs in working
hard rocks.
Another object of the present Invention is the application of the same principle
of repeated compression of one quantity or body of air for the crushing and pul-
verizing of minerals, the laminating of metals, and for similar processes. We effect
this object by fitting the stem of a stamp or haminer head with a piston packed
with cup leather and working in a cylinder. This piston with its stem and hammer
are thrown upward by a cam projecting from a shaft which is rotated by hand or
engine power. The up stroke of the piston in a close cylinder produces a heavy
compression of the air above the piston, and gives force to the blow which is
delivered on the anvil by the return or down stroke of the said piston.
Another part of our Invention consists in the alternate or occasional interchange
of hydraulic and pneumatic pressure, and the application of the principle of
repeated compression for drilling rocks for the discovery of coal or other minerals or
for finding water.
This part of our Invention comprises the use of a cylinder with an air-tight
piston fitted on a tubular rod, through which the boring rods pass, and to which
they may be clamped when working. The piston and its rod are rotated by hand
or engine power through the medium of suitable gearing, and the said cylinder is
in connection with hydraulic pumps and slide valve, so that the pressure can be
thrown on either side of the piston at will. We thus obtain the lifting, rotating,
and depressing power under ready control, and can determine its maximum force by
the adjustment of the regulator.
We wish it understood that our Invention includes the power of boring by
rotation or percussion with the same machinery, and that it is so arranged as to act
on either principle, as may be best suited to the variations of strata to be bored
through and the kind of tool requisite for performing the work; for instance, the
imachine may at one time be working on a hard rock, and with a crown tool fitted
with abraiding material; and at another time on a soft rock, and with a crown
saw, that is to say, a tube with saw teeth on its end and formed of steel; or it may
be fitted with a percussive chisel, when such an implement is the most appropriato
for the work to be accomplished.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Brown Jordan and Thomas Rowland Jordan in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th December 1878.
THOMAS BROWN JORDAN and THOMAS ROWLAND JORDAN, both of 63, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC PRESSURE FOR
DRILLING ROCKS, CRUSHING ORES, AND PERFORATING, CRUSHING, PULVERIZING,
AND LAMINATING OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
THEREFOR.'
"
This Invention relates to rock-drilling and other machines in which the action is
produced by pneumatic pressure, and the said Invention comprises improvements
in various parts of those inachines, whereby the same are rendered more efficient in
their operation, as herein-after described.
In carrying into practical operation the drilling of rocks with such machines, we
have discovered that by certain modifications and alterations of details of the said
machines, and by the use of hydraulic pressuro in combination with pneumatic
pressure, great advantages may be obtained, and the utility of the principle of
repeated compression greatly extended.
These alterations and modifications of apparatus and their application to drilling,
or perforating, crushing, and laminating hard substances form the subject of our
presont Invention.
We find it advantageous to provido the cylinder of a rock-drilling machinė
with means for taking in a small additional charge of air at every stroke
of the piston, so that the quantity of air in the said cylinder would be
constantly increasing, were it not for an escape valve which we place on or
connect with the cylinder, and by which the pressure can be regulated as desired.
This part of our Invention may be advantageously carried into practise by
enlarging the portion of the piston rod below the piston to nearly the diameter of
the said piston, so as to leave only a narrow annular space between the surface of
the enlarged portion of the rod and the cylinder. The said rod passes through a
gland at the bottom of the cylinder, and is packed with a cup leather, which is
turned inwards and admits air during the up stroke, but prevents its discharge into
the atmosphere during the return stroke of the said piston, and the lattor is packed
in such a manner that the air passes from the space below to the space above the
piston, and is added to the quantity of air in the cylinder; or we may use other
suitable means for effecting the same purpose.
The object attained by this improvement or anodification of the said machines is
the delivery of a "dead blow" or the retention of considerable pressure on the
piston when and immediately after the blow is struck, so as to avoid the rebound
or recoil of the drill or tool which otherwise occurs in working hard rocks.
Another object of the present Invention is the application of the same principle
of repeated compression of one quantity or body of air to crushing and pulverizing
minerals, laminating metals, and for similar purposes. We effect this object by
fitting the stem of a stamp or hammer head with a piston packed with cup leathers
and working in a cylinder. This piston with its stem and hammer is thrown
upwards by a cam projecting from a shaft which is rotated by hand or engine power.
The up stroke of the piston in a close cylinder produces a heavy compression of the
air above the said piston, and gives force to the blow which is delivered on the anvil
by the return or down stroke of the said piston.
Another part of our Invention consists in means for effecting the alternate or
occasional interchange of hydraulic and pneumatic pressure, and the application of
the principle of repeated compression for drilling rocks for the discovery of coal or
other mineral or for finding water.
This part of our Invention comprises the use of a cylinder with an air-tight
piston fitted on a tubular rod, through which the boring rods pass, and to which

page_text: they may be clamped when working. The piston and its rod are rotated by hand
or engine power through the medium of suitable gearing, and the said cylinder is in
connection with hydraulic pumps and a slide valve, so that the pressure can be
thrown on either side of the piston at will. We thus obtain the lifting, rotating,
and depressing power under ready control, and can determine its maximum force by
the adjustment of the regulator.
We wish it to be understood that our Invention includes the power of boring by
rotation or percussion with the same machinery, and that it is so arranged as to
act on either principle, as may be best suited to the variations of strata to be bored
through and the kind of tool requisite for performing the work; for instance, the
machine may at one time be working on a hard rock, and with a crown tool fitted
with abrading material; and at another time on a soft rock, and with a crown saw,
that is to say, a tube with saw teeth on its end and formed of steel; or it may be
fitted with a percussion chisel, when such an implement is the most appropriate for
the work to be accomplished.
Our improvements are illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which,―
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of our improved machine; and Figures 2 and
3 shew a plan and side elevation of portions of the said machine detached.
The remaining Figures are herein-after described.
The machine shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, has a cylinder supported in a suitable
frame, and wherein a piston which operates the drill or tool is driven forward by
the force of air compressed above or behind the said piston; the raising of the said
piston, and parts connected therewith, being effected by a revolving cam or cains
driven by hand or otherwise.
a is a.cylinder; b, the piston; b is the tubular piston rod; c, c, are cams; dis
the cam shaft; e, the drill bar; fis the lifting block, which is screwed on the top
of the tubular piston rod b¹, and is so constructed as to hold the drill bar in con-
nection with it by the means ordinarily used in these machines; g is the long nut;
and g', g, are the collars on the same; f', f, are the two halves of the lifting
block, secured together upon the nut g by the sleeves ƒ³, f*; h is the mitre wheel,
through which the nut g slides.
According to our present Invention the said nut, instead of being constructed as
heretofore, is of hexagonal form, and the hole in the wheel h is of corresponding
form. This formation of the nut and hole in the wheel affords very advantageous
means for preventing the turning of the nut independently of the said wheel. The
and
drill bar e slides through the piece b* in the end of the piston rod;
we make
both the bar cand piece b* hexagonal in form, thus causing the piston rod and the
said bar to move together; is the mitre wheel gearing with the wheel h; and i
is its shaft, supported in the bearing i', the said shaft being provided with the
hand wheel j.
We have found in practice that it is of great advantage to admit a small
additional charge of air into the cylinder of the said machine at each stroke, and
we have by our present Invention provided simple and effectual means whereby
this object is attained, as shewn in Figure 1 of the Drawings. For this purpose
we form on the under side of the piston b a trunk 62 of nearly the same diameter
as the piston, the said trunk being usually made about 3/16 of an inch less in
diameter than the interior of the said cylinder. This trunk passes through a
leather collar turned upwards, as shewn at a'.
We cut a number of grooves (one of which is shewn at a²) in the gland cover
and through the neck of the gland to permit a free admission of air during the up
stroke of the piston b; but this air cannot return through the said grooves during
the down stroke, as its pressure closes the leather collar a' against the trunk b²,
the said collar acting as a stop valve, so that the air contained in the annular space
between the trunk b² and the interior of the cylinder above the collar a¹ must at
every down stroke pass the piston b and enter the space above the latter, thereby.
increasing the quantity of air in that space.
In order that the air pressure may not thereby become greater than is required

page_text: and overcome the strength of the men at the handles, or other power employed
for raising the said piston and parts connected therewith, we provide an escapo
valve placed in a cylinder or casing ', which forms a part of or is attached to
the upper part of the cylinder a. This escape valve is preferably provided with
a piece of leather or other similar material at its inner end, arranged to close the
aperture in the cylinder a; the said valve is forced inward to close such
aperture by the pressure of a spring ³, as shewn, the force of the said spring being
regulated by the screw k to relieve the cylinder at any desired pressure, according
to the power to be used for raising the said piston. The air from the cylinder a,
when the same overcomes the resistance of the spring ³, passes out through the
aperture 5.
We propose to turn the screw for regulating the pressure of this spring by
means of a separate key fitting an aperture in a tube inserted in the said screw.
This detached key affords means whereby the regulation of this valve may be under
the control of one responsible person, and will not be left to the men who turn the
handles for raising the piston.
In the upper portion of the cylinder a we form a sinall passage or opening 7 com-
municating with a tapped hole designed to receive a suitable pressure gauge, which
we may in some cases attach to the said cylinder to denote the pressure of air
within the same. This opening is closed when the said pressure gauge is not
employed by a screw , as shewn.
:
We havo shewn in the upper end of the cylinder a a new form of packing, which
prevents the egress of air from the cylinder around the piston rod b¹ and through
the joint at the end of the said cylinder. This packing consists of a metal ring m
of semicircular form in transverse section, as shewn; upon this ring is placed the
ring n, of leather or other suitable material; m², m³, are apertures in the ring m;
through which the air in the cylinder a has access to the under surface of the
ring n, and therefore constantly forces the said ring n tightly and closely against
the surfaces of the piston rod and of the cylinder, and its cover adjacent to the
joint between the same.
With our machine constructed as above described a "dead" blow is secured; that
is to say, a blow without recoil of the drill or other implement, for the reason that
there is always a considerable pressure on the upper surface of the piston after the
blow is struck. This prevention of the recoil is very advantageous in the working
of the said machine.
We find in practice that it is desirable to provide incans whereby the angular
adjustment or turning of the drill or tool around its axis at each stroke, and the
consequent feed of the said tool may be accurately regulated and defined, according
to the nature of the rock to be drilled; and for effecting these objects we provido
devices, which we will now proceed to describe, and which are clearly shown in
Figures 2 and 3 of the Drawings.
The lifting block f, which is made in two halves or parts f¹, f, is secured to the
nut g, as above described, by means of the two collars f³, f, the lower one f³ being
usually made of steel. Both of these collars are secured to the block by screws
which are made "left handed," in order that the cam in its action upon the block may
have a tendency to tighten instead of to loosen them, and thereby cause their dis-
placement. The upper collar has upon its periphery projecting teeth f³, which as
the block turns engage successively with the device herein-after described, which
device is so arranged in relation to the said toothed collar that only one tooth can
pass it at each stroke of the piston, and thus any desired degree of rotation may be
given to the drill or tool at each stroke, the degree of rotation being determined
by the number of teeth upon the collar fi
The said device with which the said teeth engage is constructed as follows, that
is to say: A plate of metal o, which is bolted to the frame of the machine near the
lifting block, is provided with a projecting inclined piece o¹, which extends
upwards from the lower edge of the plate o in a vertical direction. At the upper
part of the said plate we attach a two-armed lever p, which lever works freely on

page_text: its pivot p*. The long arın p² of this lever is kept pressed against the upper part
of the aforesaid projection of by means of a spring P, which is secured at one end
to the short arm p³ of the aforesaid lever, and attached by its other end to a pin or
stud o projecting from the said plate o. The long arm of the said lever is arranged
to move between the upper part of the said projection o¹ and the stop pin or
piece of on the plate o.
The operation of this device is as follows:-When the lifting block of commences
to rise, one of the teeth upon the collar engages with the projecting piece o' on
the plate o, and as the said block continues its upward movement, this tooth, by
reason of the rotation given to the lifting block by the cams c, is kept in contact
with the inclined surface of the said projecting piece, and slides up to the top of
the latter, and the rotation of the lifting block by the cains c being continued, the
aforesaid tooth in its further upward movement also receives further lateral move-
ment, and presses back the long arm p¹ of the lever p, until it strikes the stop o³, as
shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 3.
When the lifting block has arrived at its highest position, the said tooth is
immediately above the space now left between the said long arm of the lever and
the back surface of the projecting piece o¹, and when the block is released by one
of the cams c and descends, this tooth passes through the aforesaid space or opening;
and when the block arrives at its lowest point, the said tooth is on the other side
of the said projecting piece; the rotation of the drill point and consequent feed of
the said drill having been determined by the distance which the toothed collar and
the block have rotated. The long arin p' of the lever p after the passage of the
aforesaid tooth or projection is then returned to its former position by the
spring 2, and the next tooth or projection on the said collar is then in the same
position as that occupied by the preceding one previous to the above-described
movements.
To vary the angle of rotation to be given to the drill or tool at each stroke, we
provide interchangeable collars, each having a different number of teeth. The
smaller the number of teeth, the greater will be the angle between the cuts, and
consequently the degree of rotation will also be proportionately greater, so that by
ineaus of this arrangement we are enabled to give to the drill or tool the exact
degree of rotation and feed desired, according to the nature of the rock being
drilled. We find in practice that thirteen will be a convenient number of tueth
when drilling hard rocks, and six when drilling soft rocks.
We will now describe the adaptation of our Invention to various other uses for
which it will be found very advantageous.
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the mounting and arrangement of parts for deep boring
or "prospecting" and well sinking. The details of the cylinder and working
piston in these Figures not being primarily intended for percussive action, are
somewhat different from those of the inachines used for drilling blast holes.
Figure 4 is a front elevation, and Figure 5 is a vertical section of the same,
showing the means for using either hydraulic or pneumatic pressure.
a is the cylinder fitted with the piston b which is provided with reverse cup
leathers on the top and bottom; it has a tubular piston rod b' passing through
similar packing in each cover of the cylinder, and there are clamps 63 at either end
of the said piston rod by which the tubular drill bar e¹ can be securely griped. All
those portions of the piston rod b above and below the piston, and which pass
through the covers of the cylinder are round, so as to allow of their revolving in
the packing leathers, but the upper part of the said piston rod passing through the
mitre wucel is made hexagonal, and fits the similarly formed hole through the
centre of the said wheel, so that while free to slide through the said wheel, it is
compelled to revolve with the same as above described.
q is a cistern containing oil or other suitable fluid; air may be used when found
best adapted to the work in progress, as would be the case when the apparatus for
percussive action herein-before described is used in combination with this arrange-
ment of the boring machine. One result of this modification of our Invention is to

page_text: -combine in one machine the means for using at different times-any known kind of
boring tool, so that in passing through rocks or other substances of widely different
character, the system of bing best suited to each may be at once adopted.
The cistern g, as will be seen in clevation and section, Figures 4 and 5, has on
the top of it two pumps q' which draw its contents and throw them forward to
supply pressure either above or below the piston b of the cylinder a, this pressuro
being regulated by the small loaded plunger in the cylinder r, which plunger, like
those of the force pumps 9, 9', is a solid bar accurately fitting the cylinder it works
in, and is packed by a cup leather fixed on its lower end. The load on the top of
this plunger is composed of a series of cast-iron discs r³, any number of these discs
can be used to obtain the desired pressure per inch. There is a small opening and
pipe of communication back to the cistern q, about midway in the height of the
cylinder, and any excess of fluid from the aforesaid pumps is returned by this waste
pipe. The leather packing does not pass the wasto aperture, but the communica-
tion is made by a passage through the centre of the plunger, and an opening in its
side slightly above the said packing. The slide valve's on the front of the cylinder
a is moved either by a screw sl as shewn in the Drawings, or by a hand lever to
throw the pressure on either side of the piston b at will, so as to lift or depress the
tool at any moment, and in order to effect this change in the direction of the
pressure without waste, there is a pipe of communication between the exhaust
passage of the valve and the cistern q.
The framing for supporting the machine and the arrangement of gearing for
driving the same, are similar to those above described, and are clearly shown in the
Drawings. The boring bars e¹ are of the ordinary tubular form, aud.a force pump is
employed for throwing water through them for cleaning the hole and keeping the
tools cool in the usual manner.
In adapting our Invention to an apparatus for boring in mine levels and collieries
for the purpose of discovery, we mount a pressure cylinder similar to that last
described, in a portable frame which is fixed for work by screw jacks between the
floor and ceiling of the level. The cylinder is so attached to the frame of the
machine as to be capable of boring horizontally or at an angle, or inclined in
any direction.
All the essential parts and the operation thereof are similar to those herein-before
described, but instead of using hydraulic pressure we employ the force of compressed
air as in the percussion drill. This pressure is supplied directly to the pressure
cylinder by a small air compressing pump worked by the same shaft that rotates
the drill bar, the means for adjusting or regulating the pressure being on the
cylinder exactly the same as in the said percussion drill, the gearing for rotating the
drill bar is the same as that shown in Figures 4 and 5 of the Drawings.
Figures 6 and 7 of the Drawings illustrate the application of our Invention to
stamps for crushing minerals and other hard substances.
Figure 6 is a front elevation partly in section; and Figure 7 is a vertical section
on the line y, y, Figure G.
a, a, a, are the pressure cylinders fitted with pistons b of the same construction-
as those of our hand-power rock drill above described. Each of the piston rods or
trunks b is of nearly the same diameter as the piston, and the cylinder is fitted
with a leather collar, as above described, for the purpose of throwing in an additional
supply of air above the piston at every stroke, the force of which is adjusted by a
spring valve as in the said rock drill.
31
The piston rods are elongated or extended downward to carry the stamp heads t
which strike the anvils u These stamp heads are set in cast or wrought iron
or boxes t, provided with passages t³ for feeding in the stones or other:
materials on one side and delivering the sand or pulverized material in front through.
suitable gratings t³ or the like.
"covers
The advantage of this construction consists in the use of compressed air for
throwing or driving down the stamp heads and giving greatly increased force to the

page_text: blows and rapidity of action, at the same time reducing the necessary weight of
material in motion.
The same advantages are obtained by the arrangement of similar parts in the
machine shown in Figures 8 and 9. We call this machine the forge or vulcan
haminer, and it is applicable for every purpose for which a mechanical hammer
would be useful.
Figure 8 is a front elevation, and Figure 9 is a side elevation partly in section.
The cam shaft & may be rotated by hand or other power and consequently the
force of the blows may be indefinitely increased. The cylinder and its adjuncts are
the same as those in the aforosaid rock drill, but they are so mounted as to adapt
them to the work of forging, laminating, and hammering metals and other
substances.
is
a is the pressure cylinder fitted with its piston band piston rod b¹as above
described. To the lower end of the latter is fixed the haminer face t* which may
have any required form; v is the anvil fixed on the top of a ram v¹ which fits and
works in the cylinder v2; the bottom of this ram carries a cup leather packing
turned downwards, and the bottom joint of this cylinder with the framing is made
by a similar ring v turned upwards between these parts. The said cylinder
provided with a supply pipe through which water or oil under pressure is
admitted to raise the anvil v to any height suited to the thickness of the work.
The admission and stoppage of this supply may be conveniently regulated by a
pedal which enables the smith to turn on and stop the supply in a moment with
his foot, the said pedal being so arranged that in its normal or raised position it
closes the said pipe. When a supply of water under pressure, as from a cistern on
the roof, can be conveniently obtained it may be used for this purpose, otherwise
we prefer using oil from another cylinder loaded with a sufficient weight on a lever
which can readily be lifted by hand when the said anvil is to be lowered or
depressed.
Instead of the above-described arrangement we may adopt other suitable means
for effecting our object, that is to say, the admission of a sufficient quantity of
liquid into the cylinder to raise the anvil to any required position, and then to
shut it in quickly and prevent its escape, so that it will sustain the anvil under the
blows of the hammer.
The air piston b of this machine is lifted by the cains c acting against a roller b**
attached to the piston rod b'. This rod slides through slots in the long gland u*
at the bottom of the cylinder a, which slots serve as guides to prevent any tendency
to its revolution by the action of the said cam.
The lever wand its balance weight w, which are most clearly seen in Figure 8,
are for the purpose of stopping the hammer when in its highest position. To bring
this device into operation the smith stops the revolution of the driving shaft d,
turns up the weight w, and the lever w catches the roller 6** at the next stroke.
When he wishes to recommence work he starts the said driving shaft, and the
next revolution of the cams c strikes back the stop and the machine resumes its
action.
Having thus fully described our said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we wish it understood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details
of construction and arrangement of the parts of our machines shewn in the
accompanying Drawings, as these details may be varied considerably without any
departure from the essential features of our Invention as set forth in the following
claiming clauses, that is to say, we claim,-
First. In a machine for drilling or perforating rocks and other hard substances,
and in which the action is due to pneumatic pressure upon a piston working in a
cylinder, providing the said cylinder with means for taking into the same at each
stroke of the piston a small additional supply of air and for regulating and con-
trolling the pressure therein, for the purpose set forth.
Second. In the said machine, and in combination with the other parts of the

page_text: same as above described, the mechanism for regulating the angular position of
the drill or other implement or its movement around its axis as above set
forth.
Third. In a machine for deep boring and similar operations the means whereby
pneumatic pressure may be employed alternately with hydraulic pressure for
raising and driving down or forward the drill or perforating implement as above
sot forth.
Fourth. In a machine for hammering, forging, and laminating metals, crushing
minerals, and other like operations, the construction, combination, and arrangement
of parts as shewn in the accompanying Drawings, and as above set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Brown Jordan and Thomas Rowland
Jordan, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
Seventy-eight
THOMAS B. JORDAN.
(L.S.)
THOS. ROWLAND JORDAN. (L.S.)