IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wright, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Stove Grate Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HEATING."
Sealed the 23rd September 1857, and dated the 23rd April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1857.
I, GEORGE WRIGHT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Stove Grato
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for heating relates to a method of
forming the case or cockle of an air stove, or any other description of grate, of.
corrugated metal, both the outer and inner surfaces of the stove being corru-
gated so as to admit of a free expansion or contraction as the metal becomes
subjected to the action of the fire, and thereby prevent or diminish its liability
to crack. By making the sides of the grate in-a corrugated form an extended
surface is presented to the action of the fire on the inside, and the heat there-
from will be transmitted by conduction to the extended surfaces on the outside;
and from thence radiated or given off into the apartment in a larger volume
and at a lower temperature, in proportion to the extent of the increased
surfaces, which can be made greater or less to suit various requirements.
The foregoing description relates to stoves and cockles formed in cast.
metal.

page_text: I also propose to construct in corrugated sheet iron gas and other stoves, and
to place the jets of gas on or in proximity to deep corrugations, which,
becoming heated, would transmit the heat from the extended surfaces of the
corrugations inside, and cause it to radiate from corresponding corrugations on
the outside.
Extended corrugated surfaces of a similar kind may be applied to ovens,
boilers, and other heating apparatus; but the various plans of carrying out the
principle, and the methods of manufacture, must of course depend in a great
measure upon the particular cases to which the Invention is intended to be
applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Wright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WRIGHT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Stove Grate Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord'
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Wright, Her special license that I, the said Georgo Wright,
my exécutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Wright, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Wright, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Wright, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
Jetters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Heating" relates to a method
of forming the case or cockle of an air stove, or any other description of grate,
5 of corrugated metal, both the outer and inner surfaces of the stove being
corrugated so as to admit of a free expansion or contraction as the metal
becomes subjected to the action of the fire, and thereby prevent or diminish its
liability to crack. By making the internal surface of the grate in a corrugated
form an extended surface is presented to the action of the fire on the inside,
and the heat therefrom will be transmitted by conduction to the extended
surfaces on the outside, and from thence radiated or given off into the apart-
ment in a larger volume and at a lower temperature, in proportion to the
extent of the increased surfaces, which can be made greater or less to suit
various requirements.
The foregoing description relates to stoves and cockles formed in cast
metal.
I also propose to construct in corrugated sheet iron gas and other stoves,
and to place the jets of gas on or in proximity to deep corrugations, which,
becoming heated, would transmit the heat from the extended surfaces of the
corrugations inside, and cause it to radiate from corresponding corrugations on
the outsido.
Extended corrugated surfaces of a similar kind may be applied to ovens,
boilers, and other heating apparatus mado of either wrought or cast iron; but
the various plans of carrying out the principle, and the methods of manufacture,
must of course depend in a great measure upon the particular cases to which
the Invention is intended to be applied
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a trans-
verso vertical section, taken in the line A, A, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an end
view, of one form in which my improvements can be carried out. In this
instance it will be seen that the corrugations run longitudinally from end to.
end of the stove or cockle. a, a, b, b, are the corrugated sides and top and
bottom of the stove or cockle; c, c, are grate or fire bars to support the fuel.
while burning; d is the fire door through which the fuel is introduced to the
interior of the stove; e (Fig. 2) is a bridge formed of fire brick or some other
material, protected by fire clay, and over which the gaseous products of com-
bustion are made to pass, so as to cause them to impinge upon and heat the
corrugated top of the stove before they are allowed to pass off into the flue or
chimney. The ends of the stove are closed by plates f. f, in one of which is.
made the fire door, and to the other is connected the fluo or chimney h.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 5 an end elevation, or
another form of grate, but constructed on the same principle as the former. It
will be seen that the end plates f. f. are dispensed with in this instance, and,
if desired, the outer case or corrugated part may be made or cast in one, two,
or more pieces, as may be found most convenient.
For some purposes the construction shewn in Figures 4 and 5 will be found
preferable to that shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3, as under some circumstances
the end plates f, f, will be liable to crack. The corrugated body of the stove
or cockle is shewn at b, b, and is made somewhat in the form of a barrel. c, c,
are the fire or grate bars, and d the fire door; is the fire bridge; and h, the
flue or chimney for conducting away the gaseous products of combustion.
The body of the stove is mounted on a frame or standards g. 9, so that a
receptacle may be placed beneath to catch the ashes or cinders that fall from
the fire bars c, c.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of another form of stove, and Fig. 6* a horizontal sec-
tional view of the same, taken in the line A, A, of Fig. 6. The body of this stove
is to be made in two or more pieces, cast separately, the division taking place at
A. The body is placed upon a stand i, and is covered with a cap or lid j. It
will be understood by manufacturers that this arrangement admits of tho
pattern of the parts of the body of the stove being lifted out of the sand
in casting or moulding, and that those operations can be effected without the
use of cores or other expensive apparatus. This, then, is one of the cheapest
and simplest forms in which the principle of my Invention can be carried out..
Fig. 7 is a modification of Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The corrugated body is sup-
ported on a frame or grating which forms the fire bars of the stove, as seen at
p (Fig. 7). This frame is provided with feet, which stand in water, as seen
at 9, 9, which serves to keep the bars cool, and thus preserve them from
injury by great heat, and also prevent the accumulation of "slag."
Another form or construction of cockle is shewn in Figure 8, which is
n perspective view of the cockle with the outer case removed. In this instance
the cockle is formed of one casting, of the shape shewn in the Figure. The
casting is mounted upon fire lumps or bricks, as at l, l; or the bricks may be
dispensed with, in which case the frout fire bars, which aro shewn at m, m, in
the Figure, must be placed higher up, as indicated by the dotted lines. This
will be found to be a very simple and good form of cockle, and the fire may be
placed either under or within the cockle, according to whether the fire bricks
are or are not employed.
Having now described my Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Heating,"
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would observe, that

page_text: although I have shewn and described three different forms of which to con-
struct heating apparatus according to my Invention, I do not mean or intend
to confine myself to the precise arrangement or construction of parts hercin
shewn and described, as they may, doubtless, bo varied without departing from
the nature and object of my improvements; and I would remark that I am
aware that stoves or grates have been heretofore constructed with sides corru-
gated externally for the purpose of increasing the radiating surface of the
article, I do not therefore intend to claim such modes of construction as of my
Invention; but that which I consider to be new in the above-described
improved apparatus for heating, and therefore wish to claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, is, corrugating or indenting both
the internal and external surfaces of stoves, grates, or cockles for the purpose
of increasing the surface for taking up the heat, as well as that for radiating
the heat from the outside, by which combination of corrugated surfaces an
increased superficial area is obtained both internally and externally, and the
metal is made of an equal or nearly equal thickness throughout, so that thero
is less liability of the parts being cracked by unequal expansion than in other
stoves or grates.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twentieth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
HENRY WILDE,
of Burton Weir, Sheffield.
GEORGE WRIGHT. (LS.)