IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING OR TEARING RAGS OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Dyson, of Rose Hill, Penistone, Henry Dyson,
Millbank Steel Works, Attercliffe, Sheffield, both in the County of York, and
William Wood Mellor, of Castleton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING
OR TEARING RAGS OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 12th March 1880, and dated the 21st November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Dyson, Henry Dyson,
and William Wood Mellor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 21st November 1879.
EDWARD DYSON, of Rose Hill, Penistone, HENRY DYSON, Millbank Steel Works,
Attercliffe, Sheffield, both in the County of York, and WILLIAM WOOD MELLOR, of
Castleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR BREAKING OR TEARING RAGS OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Hitherto it has been customary in machines for breaking or tearing rags or
other fibrous substances to mount on the cylinder or swift a number of wood laga,
in which the teeth are inserted for tearing the rags in pieces, but we propose to fix
on the cylinder or swift a shell or covering of cast iron or other suitable metal, which
may be in one piece or in segments, and in this shell or covering to fix taper teeth
for tearing the rage in pieces. By this means the removal or replacement of the
teeth is greatly facilitated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Dyson, Henry Dyson, and William Wood Mellor in the Great
Seal Patent Office. on the 20th May 1880.
EDWARD DYSON, of Rose Hill, Penistone, HENRY DYSON, Mill Bank Steel Works,
Attercliffe, Sheffield, both in the County of York, and WILLIAM WOOD MELLOR, Of
Castleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR BREAKING OR TEARING RAGS OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Our Invention consists as follows:-Hitherto it has been customary in machines
for breaking up rags and other fibrous substances to mount on the cylinder or
swift a number of wood lags, in which the teeth are inserted for tearing the rags
in pieces, but we propose to fix on the cylinder or swift a shell or covering of cast
iron or other suitable metal, which may be in one piece or in segments, and in this
shell or covering to fix taper teeth for tearing the rags in pieces. By this means the
removal or replacement of the teeth is greatly facilitated. And in order that our
Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into operation we proceed
to describe the accompanying Drawing, reference being had to the letters and
figures thereon. Figure 1 is a section, and Figure 2 an elevation of a cylinder
or swift with our improvements attached. a is the shaft, which we make of steel;
b, the ends and c the rim of the cylinder, which we propose to make of cast-iron,
and turned true on the outside and balanced. On the outside of the cylinder we
fasten (which may be done by bolts or screws) the shell or covering d, which is
shewn in eight segments (each segment is screwed on to the cylinder by nine screws,
which go through the rim of the cylinder, and have nuts screwed on them inside
the cylinder, and wrought iron hoops e fastened on them), though it may be made
in one piece or in more or fewer segments, but we prefer the eight, as shown.
When this shell or covering is made of cast iron or other hard cast metal we drill
round taper holes through it for the teeth to be fastened in. The holes are drilled
such a size that the thick end of the tooth will be level with the under or hollow.
side of the shell, and the point of the tooth project through the round side of the
shell any distance required. When the shells are made of lead or other soft metal
we prefer to make them of a mixture of two parts lead and one of tin, when we
cast them in a chill or metal mould, see Figure 3, which is a plan view with part
of the lid cut away to show the teeth, and Figure 4 a section of the same.
a is the
lower part of the mould, which is made about the size inside that the segment of
the shell requires to be. The bottom of this mould has holes formed in it for the
points of the teeth to drop into; on to this is fitted a plate b, which has taper holes
corresponding to the holes formed in the bottom, and into these holes the taper
teeth are placed with the points downwards. On this plate b is fitted a rim c,
which inside is a contraction larger than the size the segment of the shell requires
to be, and the same thickness, which thickness should be such that the thick end of
the tooth when placed in the mould, as before described, will be level with the top
of the rim c. On the rim c is fitted a plate d, when the parts a, b, c, and d are
fastened together. The chill or mould is then placed in an oven, and heated to
about 200° Fah., when through a hole ƒ in the top plate & the molten metal is
poured sufficient to fill between the teeth in the space e, when the mould is taken
out of the oven and allowed to cool, when the sheet of metal with the teeth now
cast in it is withdrawn from the mould and fastened on the cylinder or swift, as
previously described. When the teeth are worn out we strip the cylinder, and
melt the soft metal containing the remains of the old teeth, when the old teeth are
taken out, and the molten metal poured into the moulds containing new teeth, as
before described. Having now described our Invention, and the way to carry the

page_text: same into effect, we claim as our Invention, fixing on the cylinders or swifts of rag
machines for tearing rags or other fibrous substances cast metal shells in one piece
or in segments, in which are fixed taper teeth, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wood Mellor, for myself and on behalf
of the said Edward Dyson and Henry Dyson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
WILLIAM WOOD MELLOR. (LS.)