AN IMPROVED, METHOD OF PRODUCING THE CIRCULATION OF FLUIDS THROUGH PIPES, CISTERNS, OR. OTHER VESSELS, APPLICABLE TO THE WARMING OR COOLING THE INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
AUGUSTIN BUSBY, of Wick Road, in the Parish of Hove, near Brigthelmstone,
in the County of Sussex, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most excellent Majesty King William the Fourth by His
Letters, Patent, under, the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fifteenth day of May, in the second year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the, said
Charles Augustin Busby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His
especial licence, that I, the said Charles Augustin Busby, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such. others as I, the said Charles Augustin
Busby, my executors,, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also
within all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of
"AN IMPROVED, METHOD OF PRODUCING THE CIRCULATION OF FLUIDS THROUGH
PIPES, CISTERNS, OR. OTHER VESSELS, APPLICABLE TO THE WARMING OR COOLING THE
INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Charles Augustin Busby,
by, an instrument, in writing. under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain, the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is, to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the

page_text: date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Augustin Busby, do hereby declare that the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and
ascertained in the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
"My improved method of producing the circulation of fluids," whether hot
or cold, through pipes, cisterns, or other vessels, consists in applying external
mechanical force, generated by a current of smoke or air acting on an
apparatus similar to a smoke jack, without reference to the direction or position
of such pipes or vessels in which the fluid is contained, whether upward, hori-
zontal, downward, or oblique, in which the said pipes, cisterns, or other vessels
may be extended or placed with respect to the level of that part of the
apparatus at and by which the said circulation is caused or created; and tho
contrivance which I have invented and applied to employ the said mechanical
force to cause or create the said circulation, consists as follows:-
I provide a cistern or boiler (for which a cylindrical shape is best) and
pierce two holes in the circumference near the bottom, and fix a pipe water-
tight through one of the said holes so as to enter and project within the said
cistern or boiler, and so that the open end so projecting within shall just reach
to or near to the centre of the cistern or boiler near the bottom. I extend the
said pipe externally from the said cistern or boiler in any direction, through any
building, vault, ship, or carriage, and to any length upward, horizontally, down-
ward, or obliquely, that may be required; and then I bend the said pipe and
extend it back again in any required direction, upward, horizontally, downward, or
obliquely, so as that its other open extremity shall just reach to the other
opening in the said cistern or boiler, into which opening I fix water-tight the
said other extremity, so as that it shall not project at all, or as little as possible,
within the said cistern or boiler; and I then fix a circulator, constructed and
fixed like the wheel of a winnowing machine, on a perpendicular axis within the
cistern or boiler, with its centre or axis as nearly as possible over that end of
the pipe which reaches to or near to the centre of the cistern or boiler; and I
make the axis of the said circulator to rise above the cistern or boiler, and to
be mechanically connected with or terminated by a wheel similar to a smoke
jack wheel, so as to fit it to have a rotatory motion imparted to it through the
agency of the said smoke jack wheel, by the mechanical force of a current of
smoke or air as may be most convenient. If the said pipe, before described,
be made to rise above the cistern or boiler, the top of the boiler should be
closed water-tight, and the axis of the circulator be made to pass through

page_text: a stuffing box in the top to prevent the escape of fluid. If now the cistern
or boiler and the pipe be filled with fluid, which filling may be performed
through an opening to be made for that purpose in the upper part of the system,
consisting of the said pipe, cistern, or boiler above mentioned, and the cir-
culator be made to revolve by the application of the mechanical force of
a current of smoke or air, as aforesaid, it will impress upon the fluid within the
cistern or boiler a rotatory motion, the centrifugal force of which revolving fluid
will so act against the fluid in the pipe aforesaid, as to cause the fluid to
circulate through the said pipe so as to run out of the cistern or boiler into
the pipe at that end of the pipe which reaches only to the circumference of
the said cistern or boiler, and to run into the cistern or boiler from the said
pipe, at that end of the said pipe which projects within the said cistern or boiler
to the centre, or nearly so, of the said cistern or boiler. If hot fluid be thus
made to circulate through a pipe, extended as aforesaid, (which pipe may,
if required, be enlarged at any part or parts, into a cistern or cisterns, or vessels
having any other name,) it may be used to impart heat to the interior of any
building, vault, ship, or carriage; or, if cold fluid be thus made to circulate, it
may be used to abstract heat from the interior of any building, vault, ship, or
carriage; and if the whole or any part of the said pipe, (or any of its enlarge-
ments into cisterns or other vessels, as aforesaid,) be made to pass through
any other fluid, or through any solid or other body, the fluid contained
within the said pipe and its enlargements (if any, as aforesaid, may, if required,
be made to communicate heat to, or to abstract heat from, the said other fluid,
solid, or other body, or to be itself cooled or heated as may be required
according as the temperature of the circulating fluid may be arranged to be
above or below the temperature of the said other fluid, solid, or other body.
The mechanical force required to produce a velocity of circulation, sufficient-
for the purpose of communicating or abstracting heat as above described, is
so small that a fire placed beneath or about the cistern or boiler containing tho
circulator, sufficient to heat the fluid therein contained, will produce a draft
through the chimney or flue carrying off the smoke from the fire, if the said
chimney or flue be of proper height and dimensions, sufficient to impart to the
smoke jack wheel, if properly fixed in the said flue and connected as afore-
said, or in any other convenient mechanical and workmanlike manner with the
circulator aforesaid, such a motive power as to cause the necessary rotation of
the said circulator as aforesaid.
And I declare such application of a smoke jack wheel in combination
with the circulator as aforesaid to be my Invention, whether the said smoke
jack wheel be moved by smoke or by a current of air produced in any.

page_text: way whatever; and I also declare as my Invention the application of a
common alternating or other pump, or any modification or multiple thereof,
such pump being actuated by a crank" or other mechanical contrivance moved
by a smoke jack wheel as aforesaid, and" being to be used in lieu of or
as a substitute for the said circulator, "so 'as to cause 'the circulation of fluids
through pipes, cisterns, or other vessels for any of the above purposes, which
application may be effected by fixing and extending the said pipes, cisterns, or
other vessels so as to constitute in effect one united continuous and simul-
taneous discharging and supplying pipe to such pump or any modification or
multiple thereof; although I consider such 'application of a common alter-
nating or any other pump, or any modification or multiple thereof in combination
with a smoke jack wheel, to be in most cases" very inferior in point of utility
and convenience to the use of a circulator as above described. To avoid the
use of a stuffing box, which-will often be found inconvenient where the pipe of
circulation or its enlargement is carried above the cistern or boiler; a pipe of
appropriate diameter fixed water-tight in the top of the boiler may be carried
up from a hole to be made for that purpose in the top of the said cistern or
boiler to a height somewhat exceeding the extreme height of the said pipe of
circulation and its enlargements, if any, and the axis of the circulator may be
prolonged from the cistern or boiler through and above the said pipe so carried'
up, and the communication of mechanical force to the said axis be made above
the said pipe in manner aforesaid; the axis of the circulator and "smoke" jack'
wheel is to be retained in its proper position in any 'convenient manner familiar
to working mechanics. And in all applications of the apparatus, above
described, and in any of its modifications, provision must be made for the
escape of air or other elastic fluid which might otherwise lodge within any
part of it; and also to allow for the expansion and contraction of the appa-
ratus itself, and of the fluid contained in it arising from any variation of tem-
perature by the same means as are now commonly practised in' other apparatus
used for similar or analogous purposes.
And I also declare, that in all cases, the actual and relative magnitudes*
and forms of the cistern or boiler, and fire-place or furnace, and of the
circulator and smoke jack' wheel, and of the mode of connecting the circu-
lator and smoke jack wheel, and the diameter, shape, length; and direction
of the pipe of circulation, the dimensions of the enlargements therein as
aforesaid, the height of the chimney or flue to carry off the smoke 'from
the fire-place or furnace, and the selection of the materials of which 'the
whole or any part of the entire apparatus or any of its appendages is to
be constructed, must depend upon the circumstances of the case under which'.

page_text: this Invention is required to be applied, and which magnitudes and forms,
modes of connecting, diameter, shape, length, direction, dimensions, height, and
selection of materials must therefore be determined by the judgment of the
person making use of it.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I lay no
claim to the various parts herein described, which separately are well-known
and in use; neither do I claim the circulation of fluids for the purpose of con-
veying heat for heating buildings and other purposes, or for abstracting heat
therefrom; but what I claim as my Invention is, the combining the smoke
jack (actuated as aforesaid), as a motive power with a wheel or circulator or
pump, for the purpose of producing a circulation of fluids for conveying heat
to building and other purposes, or abstracting heat therefrom as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Augustin Busby, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.
CHARLES AUGUSTIN (L.S.) BUSBY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Sixth day of July, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Charles Augustin Busby, came before
our Lord the King in his Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Seventh day of July, in the year above written.