Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, BUT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE GRASS KNOWN AS CHIN
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gardner, Engineer, of Essex Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, BUT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE
PREPARATION OF THE GRASS KNOWN AS CHIN."
Scaled the 7th June 1870, and dated the 5th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1870.
.
I, HENRY GARDNER, Engineer, of Essex Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS
FOR THE
MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES, BUT SPECIALLY ADAPTED
PREPARATION OF THE GRASS KNOWN AS CRIN," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
My-machine consists of a grooved or fluted drum, cylinder, or roller
mounted on a frame, which roller is driven by suitable gearing so
-

page_text: or
arranged that wheels and pinions of a larger or smaller diameter may be
used for the purpose of varying the speed of the roller, and thus to
increase or diminish the rubbing and crimping process in. the material
passing through the machine. Above this roller and arranged radially
to its axis are placed one or more smaller grooved, serrated, fluted,
smooth rollers, which rollers are supported on a bell-crank frame
working on the same centre as the main drum or roller. This bell-crank
frame has a radial reciprocating motion imparted to it by means of a
suitable cam fixed on the main shaft of the machine, which motion is
lengthened or shortened by an adjustable lever. The smaller rollers are
kept in contact with the large drum by springs, which are regulated by
set screws, whereby any required pressure may be imposed upon the
material being operated upon. These rollers in addition to the reci-
procating movement in an arc have a horizontal motion imparted to
them by means of cams formed on the faces of the brasses, which are
the bearings of their spindles. This horizontal motion in conjunction
with the pressure serves to separate the fibres in the material from each
other. The fibrous material preparatory to passing between the fluted
rollers is led by feeding cloths or other convenient means between two
rollers, running at such different speeds as are found most efficient,
likewise having a horizontal or endways motion, and by means of levers
and weights exerting any required pressure on the material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
. filed by the said Henry Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GARDNER, Engineer, of Essex Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year 3
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Gardner, Her special licence that
I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING PUR-
POSES, BUT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE GRASS KNOWN AS
CEIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Gardner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Gardner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
My machine consists of a grooved or fluted drum, cylinder, or roller
mounted on a frame, which roller is driven by suitable gearing so
arranged that wheels and pinions of larger or smaller diameters may be
used for the purpose of varying the speed of the roller, and thus to
increase or diminish the rubbing and crimping process in the material
passing through the machine. Above this roller and arranged radially
to its axis are placed one or more smaller grooved, serrated, fluted, or
smooth rollers, which rollers are supported on a bell-crank frame
working on the same centre as the main drum or roller. This bell-
crank frame has a radial reciprocating motion imparted to it by a
suitable cam or by means of a crank driven off the main sliaft, the
crank pin of which is moveable for the purpose of regulating the
amount of the reciprocating motion of the bell-crank frame. The
smaller rollers are kept in contact with the large drum by spiral springs,
which are regulated by set screws, whereby any required pressure may
be imposed upon the material being operated upon. These rollers in
addition to the reciprocating movement in an are have a horizontal
motion imparted to them by means of cams formed on the faces of

page_text: the brasses which are the bearings of their spindles. This horizontal
motion in conjunction with the pressure serves to separate the fibres
in the material from each other. The fibrous material preparatory to
passing between the fluted rollers is led by feeding cloths or other con-
venient means between two rollers, running at the same or different
speeds, and by means of levers and weights or by a coach spring suitably
applied exerting any required pressure on the material.
the brasses which are the bearings of their spindles. This horizontal
motion in conjunction with the pressure serves to separate the fibres
in the material from each other. The fibrous material preparatory to
passing between the fluted rollers is led by feeding cloths or other con-
venient means between two rollers, running at the same or different :
speeds, and by means of levers and weights or by a coach spring suitably
applied exerting any required pressure on the material.
And in order to explain my Invention more completely I will now
proceed to describe the Slicet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a transverse section, and Fig. 3 a plan
of a machine constructed according to my Invention, similar letters of
reference being employed at each of the foregoing Figures to denote
corresponding parts in so far as such parts appear at cach of the said
Figures respectively.
The serrated or fluted drum or cylinder A is mounted upon the
frame B, B, B, rotary motion being communicated to it from the main or
driving shaft C by means of the gearing D', D³, D³, D. Above the drum
the smaller fluted rollers E¹, E³, E³, Eª, E³, are arranged radially to its
axis, and are supported on the crank frames F, F, which move about the
same centre as the main drum. These crank frames F, F, arc con-
nected by the tie rod G, which at H has a reciprocating motion imparted
to it by means of the crank J, the connecting rod K intervening. The
crank receives its motion by means of the gearing D', Dº. The crank
pin L is adjustable for the purpose of varying the amount of the motion
of the rollers E¹, E², E³, E', E³. The position of this motion is altered
by adjusting the length of the connecting rod K. The small rollers
have a short horizontal or endways motion imparted to them by cams
formed on the faces of the bearings or brasses M, M, M, M. The rolls
N', N³, N³, N', are driven by the gearing O¹, O³, O¹, O³, and by means
of adjustable coach springs disposed in the frames P", P³, exert any
required pressure on the material passing through them. The main
drum A may be readily supplied with steam when the fibre requires
drying.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed. I would have it understood that

page_text: what I claim is, the horizontal motion of the smaller rollers, the manner
of imparting this motion, and the combined arrangement and con-
struction of the machine herein described:
-
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gardner, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of
our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and seventy. ·
Witness,
WALTER F. OLARE,
Patent Agent,
HENRY GARDNER. (L.S.)
23, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.