Year: 1886

page_text: I JOHN MATTHIAS HART of 127 Arlington Street, Islington in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention consists firstly in the combination in a lock of ordinary tumbler
levers with special tumbler levers and slides of the character shown and described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me dated June 21, 1876 N° 2566.
Secondly the invention consists in means for facilitating the removal and
rearrangement of the ordinary tumbler levers in locks and latches to suit different
forms of key.
Thirdly the invention consists in a novel construction of key, some of the steps
of which are fixed and act upon the ordinary tumbler levers, and some of them
changeable to act upon the special tumbler levers and slides in order to render such
key applicable to locks having the said combination of ordinary tumbler levers and
special tumbler levers and slides comprising the first part of my invention.
The number of changeable steps in such key in combination with fixed steps
may vary from one upwards. When there are several changeable steps I prefer to
separate them by an intermediate fixed step operating upon an ordinary tumbler
lever.
The bits of the key and the tumbler levers may however be otherwise arranged,
and Fourthly the invention relates to the combination with such appliances of
various known means for rendering locks more secure against picking, and against
tampering either with lock or key.
And in order that my said invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings fully to
describe the same.

page_text: Figure 7 represents a side view of one of the special tumbler levers and its
accompanying slide and Figure 8 is a plan of the slide separately.
Figure 9 is an inside face view and Figure 10 is a plan or edge view of the back
plate of the lock. Figures 11 and 12 are respectively a face view and an under-
side edge view of the bolt with the moveable stump. Figure 13 represents the
moveable stump and co-acting parts separately. Figure 14 is a face view, Figure 15
is a longitudinal section and Figure 16 is a back view of the fraud defeating
revolving nozzle.
Figure 17 is a side view of one form of the improved key showing 5 internal
changeable steps ³ which act upon the special tumbler levers and slides, and four
external fixed steps k¹, k' which act upon the ordinary tumbler levers.
Figure 18 is a longitudinal section of the acting end of the key. Figure 19 is
an end view and Figure 20 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 21 is a side view and Figure 22 is an edge view of one of the changeable
steps removed from the key shown at Figures 17 to 20.
Figure 23 is a side view of another arrangement of key showing nine internal
changeable steps with one intermediate fixed step and four external fixed
steps ¹ k².
Figure 24 is a side view and Figure 25 is a cross section of a solid pin
key showing four external fixed steps ¹ two central fixed steps and two
intermediate interchangeable steps and Figure 26 is a cross section showing
another method of constructing such a key. Figure 27 represents a form of
tumbler lever which is employed to close up the key hole as the key raises the
levers.
In all the various figures like parts are marked with similar letters of reference..
a is the back plate, b is the front plate, c is the solid rim, d is the bolt, e is
the well known moveable stump which is carried by the short arm of a lever e¹
mounted on a stud e fixed in the bolt d the moveable stump e passes through a
slot in the bolt d slightly larger than the said stump in order to permit a slight
motion thereto. A spring acts upon an inclined recess in the back face of the
lever ¹ to keep it in its normal position except when the bolt is attempted to be
forced without previously raising the various levers to their proper height in which
case any pressure against the bolt d will by forcing the moveable stump e against
the levers deflect the long end of the lever e¹ and bring it against a stud f fixed to
the back plate a of the lock when all further pressure is removed from the levers
thus leaving the latter perfectly free and stopping all further movement of the bolt
until all the levers are simultaneously raised to their respective positions by the
true key.
g is the well known revolving nozzle formed with a circular piece of metal g' at
the base behind which is a projecting step g² which actuates the bolt like the
ordinary key terminal for which it is substituted, this revolving nozzle in addition
to the part gl at the lower end may have a circular plate gat its upper end as
shown by dotted lines at Figure 15 so that when the key is turned the nozzle
by turning with the key shall cause the plate g³ to close the key hole and thereby
prevent any other instrument being inserted therein.
h are tumbler levers of the ordinary and well known form and of which I'employ
by preference two or more at the front and two or more at the back of the entire
series of levers with one or more ordinary tumbler lever or.. levers, placed inter-
mediately and corresponding with the fixed step ks of the key shown at Figure 23.
i are special tumbler levers and i¹ are their accompanying slides which act in
combination with fixed teeth c¹ connected to the rim c in a similar manner to
that described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me herein before
referred to.
I would here remark that I do not claim as forming part of my present invention
either the levers h or the levers i and slides ¹ separately considered, but one part
of my present invention consists in the use, in the same lock, of a combination of
such special tumbler levers and slides with ordinary tumbler levers.

page_text: My invention also relates to means for facilitating the removal and re-arrange-
ment of the tumbler levers in locks to accord with any arrangement of the steps
of keys, the tumbler levers being constructed as usual to uniform distances or.
thicknesses corresponding to uniform distances between the steps of the keys; this
is effected by the tension of the tumbler lever springs h¹, being controlled by a
moveable pin carried by an arm j pivotted to the back plate a at, and secured
in its normal position by preferance with a screw j³.
Thus by removing the screw the lever j can be turned back thereby relieving
the springs h, from pressure when the tumblers h, i can be readily removed from
the lock and re-arranged for a new key. When the levers are thus re-arranged the
moveable pin is reset; the levers will then correspond to the new key as in a
new lock; by these means the special arrangements of locks and keys of the same
series are placed within the control of persons of ordinary intelligence.
I would here remark that the moveable pin j¹ is also applicable to other forms of
lever locks than that herein shown and described.
In order more effectually to protect locks, when a series of locks is used, I fix the
locks one behind the other. Access to the inside lock or locks is through the levers
alone or through the levers and bolt of the front lock so that when the front look
is locked up by its own key it closes the key hole or key holes of the lock or locks
fixed behind it. The object of this arrangement is to provide means of security
should the key or keys of the interior lock or locks be copied or obtained by
violence or otherwise. I have not thought it necessary to illustrate this part of
my invention as such will be readily understood from the description above given
and I would here remark that I do not claim placing one or more locks behind
another lock when access is obtained to the key hole or key holes of the rear lock
or locks through a secondary key-hole in the bolt alone of the front lock but this
part of my present invention consists in obtaining access to such rear lock or locks
through openings or secondary key holes in the levers alone of the front lock or in
the levers and bolt combined.
The front lock may be constructed as above described, the key of which may
have its steps divided amongst as many persons as there are changeable steps to
the key.
My invention also relates to improvements in keys for tumbler lever locks.
For this purpose I form the keys k see figures 17 to 26 with fixed parts k¹, k³ k
to fit corresponding ordinary tumbler levers at the top and bottom or at the top
bottom and mid way of the series of levers and also with intermediate changeable
steps which latter are capable of rearrangement, thus making vertually a new
key which in the act of locking produces a corresponding change in the arrangement
of the special tumbler levers and slides in the lock.
Thus when the key is applied to a lock such as that herein before described the
parts k', and of the key actuate the ordinary tumbler levers h which are of
a definate form and the moveable steps ³ of the key which are capable of adjust-
ment as before described actuate the special tumbler levers i which operate the
slides or as in figures 23 and 24, I add one or more intermediate fixed step or
steps to act upon one or more intermediate ordinary tumbler lever or levers as
already described. I would here remark that all the bits and tumbler levers may
be changeable if desired.
I will now describe that part of my invention which relates to so constructing
tumbler levers that they shall be capable of closing up the key hole.
One form of such tumbler lever is represented at Figure 27 this lever is formed
with a tail piece h which as the tumbler lever h is raised by the key more or less
closes up the key hole so as to prevent the insertion of any other instrument than
the key which is already in the lock.
I would here remark that my invention is applicable to various or general
descriptions of locks such as safe locks pad locks and rim mortise and cabinet
locks, and that the form and dimensions of the various parts may be greatly varied
without departing from the peculiar character of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination in a lock of ordinary tumbler levers hand of special tumbler
levers with their coacting slides ¹ substantially as herein shown and described.
2. The employment of a moveable pin ¹ to control the tension of the tumbler
lever springs substantially as herein shown and described.
.
3. In locks of the character herein described the combination therewith of a
revolving nozzle substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
4. In locks where a series is placed one behind the other the construction herein
described whereby access is obtained to the rear lock or locks through the tumbler
levers alone or through both tumbler levers and bolt of a front look substantially as
herein described.
5. Constructing keys for locks with fixed parts or steps k¹, k³, k* and with
changeable steps substantially as herein shown and described.
6. The combination of a tumbler lever such as that shown at Figure 27 with the
foregoing arrangement of lock whereby on such lever being raised by the key it
shall more or less close the key hole substantially as herein shown and described
and for the purpose stated.
7. The peculiar arrangement and combination of parts substantially as herein
shown and described with respect to Figures 1 to 16.