Improvements in Dynamo Electric Generators and Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Generators and Motors.
I, CLAUDE WILLIAM ATKINSON, of Harrowby Lane, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows;.
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}
My invention relates to dynamo electric generators and motors and has for its
object the construction and arrangement of such machines whereby the cost of
manufacture may be reduced, and essentially consists of improvements in and
modifications of the invention patented to me under No. 664998.
To carry my invention into effect I form the field magnet upon the inner surface
of a hollow casting which forms the frame of the machine, and I form the outer
surface of this frame of spherical form. I support the spherical portion of this
frame in a base plate having a recess on the top either spherical in shape or having
a suitable number of projections, the surfaces of which are upon the surface of a
sphere of equal radius to the outside of the frame.
At either ends of the spherical portion of the frame I form cylindrical projec-
tions which I unite to the spherical portion of the frame by flat plates.
The cylindrical projections I bore out to receive castings adapted to carry the
bearings supporting the shaft and provided with receptacles for oil.
The magnet coils for magnetising the poles are wound upon thin metal formers
or bobbins and I form the ends of these formers of thin metal stampings having
projecting corrugations formed on their surfaces. I fix the coils in position by
means of wedges of metal driven in between the surfaces of two adjacent poles or
by means of a ring of iron or steel which is partly cut away between the poles
and so forms pole pieces in the usual way, and when these wedges or the ring are
forced into position the said corrugations in the end plates of the magnet formers
are partly flattened, the amount of flattening depending upon the length of the
magnet pole, and in this way I am able to hold the coil firmly without having to
tool any of the surfaces of the magnet.
The ends of the wires of the said coil may be brought out in some of the cor-
rugations in the end plates of the former, which are not depressed by the said
wedges or ring. I form terminals for the magnet coils by forming holes in the
magnet wedges into which insulating tubes of porcelain or other suitable material
are fastened by means of type metal or other equivalent material inserted therein,
and the terminal plugs are held in the insulating tubes in a similar manner by
means of type metal or other cement. These plugs carry each a contact clip
which is adapted to make contact with the spindle which is supported in the bear-
ing casting by means of an insulating tube of porcelain or other suitable material
fixed in the casting and to the spindle by means of type metal or other suitable
material.
Openings may be cast in the flat plates at the ends of the spherical portion of
the frame to allow of inspection or ventilation of the magnets, and these open-

page_text: ings may be closed by means of wire gauze or other suitable material when
required to keep out dirt.
Openings are also formed in the cylindrical projection which encloses the com-
mutator of the machine to allow of the inspection of the brushes and commutator
of the machine and these openings may be closed when desired by means of a grid
fitted into the casting which is bored out to receive it. Openings are formed in
this grid of the same size as the openings in the projection and the inspection
holes in the casting will be closed when the grid is partially rotated on its axis so
as to present the solid portions to the to the openings in the casting.
These solid portions may be replaced if desired by windows of glass or wire
gauze.
The core of the armature is built of laminated plates of iron in the usual way
and to fix this core on the shaft and to prevent it moving parallel to the axis of
the shaft I turn a groove in the shaft at either end of the said core and I fit
over the shaft thin tubes of brass or other suitable material having a flange at
one end and being formed in one with or united to a coned dish and when these
tubes have been forced up into position I lock them by rolling down corrugations
into the said grooves in the shaft, and I fix the commutator on the shaft in the
same way by a sleeve.
In some cases instead of rolling the tube down into the groove in the shaft I
place the groove in the shaft beyond the flange on the tube and I spring a wire
ring of round or other section into the groove. In this case instead of making
the flange on the tube flat I curve it over so as to partly embrace the said wire
ring when it has been placed in the groove in the shaft. And I further lock
the said ring in position by means of a ring of metal slipped over it and also
fitting the shaft beyond the said ring.
The winding in the armature is of the drum type and the end connections of
the coils are carried round on cylindrical thin metal rings. These metal rings
may be formed in one with the coned dish: and the tube by stamping, or they
may be united thereto by spinning the metal of the dish over into a groove at
the end of the ring.
The commutator is made in the usual way and the wires from the armature are
united to the segments of the commutator in any of the usual ways.
I form brush holders out of thin plate metal which is bent into a rectangular
shape so as to embrace the brush and I clip the brush in this holder by means
of a pin which is forced into the hent portions of the holder.
On one side of the holder I turn the metal of which it is composed over so as
to embrace pins which are rivetted to levers or links. The other ends of these
links are supported from pins thus forming a parallel motion controlling the
movement of the brush and brush holder in a straight line. To arrange bearings
for the pins at the end of the links remote from the brush holder I turn the
central portion of the channel of which the links are formed over so
embrace the pins. These pins are rivetted into cheeks, carried on a spindle of
circular section but having portions of either end cut away so as to leave flat
sides on either side.
as to
I support this spindle in a carrier. This carrier has a hole drilled through it
into which the flattened ends of the spindle fit.
The spindle is placed in position by turning the flattened ends about the axis
of the spindle until the said ends can be inserted through slots into the hole in
the carrier. The spindle is then rotated about its axis until the flattened ends
pass into the proper positions, when the spindle can no longer be withdrawn.
The end of the cheeks are formed of suitable shape to engage with the back
of the carrier and prevent further rotation of the spindle.
The brush is forced down on to the commutator by means of a spiral spring
wound round the spindle between the cheeks. One end of the said spring is
attached to the spindle and the other end projects forward and presses, down
the links. Beside pressing the brush down on the commutator this spring pre-

page_text: vents the rotation of the spindle so that it cannot become detached from the
carrier.
I support the carrier in insulating tubes of porcelain or other suitable material
by means of type metal or other cement, and i fix the said insulating tubes into
the bearing casting also by means of type metal or other cement. The insulating
tubes carryin the brush carrier and the spindle with which the magnet terminals
make contact, have their axes parallel to the axes of the machine and the stems
of the said brush carriers and magnet spindles which are cemented into these
tubes pass right through them and project into a recess formed in the cylindrical
bearing casting and here form the terminals of the machine to which wires are
attached.
In some cases instead of fixing the terminals of the machine in the cylindrical
bearing casting I prefer to cast recesses on one side of the frame and 1 fix ter-
minals into insulating tubes by means of type metal or other suitable cement,
and I attach these tubes to cylindrical carriers also by means of type metal or
other cement. And I hold these cylindrical carriers in position by
into the frame and while
screws
cap which
carrier into position also covers the terminal, a hole or holes being provided in
the said cap to allow of the insertion of the cable.
means
of a
fixing the
When I use this form of terminal I usually support the brush carrier from the
pole ring and I attach it thereto by means of an insulating tube of porcelain or
other suitable material fixed in position by means of type metal or cement as in
the former cases.
It will be seen that by the use of the spherical shaped casing and seat the
machine.can be stood on the floor or hung from the ceiling or from the face of a
vertical wall and can be adjusted in any position about the axis of the
fastening bolt. If adjustment is required in any other direction we form the seat
or foundation with a spherical surface and arrange a spherically seated washer to
coact therewith; the hole through the casing being made large enough to obtain
adjustment of the axis of the bolt relative to the foundation or seat through a
convenient range.
Although I have shown the machine with 4 poles I do not limit myself to the
number.
I may also use any other kind of commutator or armature than that described
with the rest of my invention if I so desire to do.
FELL & JAMES,
I, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Generators and Motors.
I, CLAUDE WILLIAM ATKINSON, of Harrowby Lane, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement;-
-
My invention relates to dynamo electric generators and motors and has for its
object the construction and arrangement of such machines whereby the cost of
manufacture may be reduced, and essentially consists of improvements in and
modifications of the invention patented to me under No. 664908.
In order that my invention may be the better understood I will now proceed

page_text: to describe the same in relation to the accompanying drawings hereunto annexed,
reference being had to the letters and figures marked thereon. Like letters refer
to like parts in the various figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a machine according to my invention.
Figure 2 is a part sectional end elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a section through the front end of same.
Figuro is a sectional view of a part of the casing showing one method of fixing
the terminals of the machine.
Figure 5 is a general arrangement of the method of supporting the terminals
of the magnet coils.
Figure is an end view of the device for fixing the magnet coils in position.
Figure 7 is a side view of one of the brush holders.
Figure S is a plan of the same and Figure 9 is a part section showing one
method of fixing the armature on the shaft.
To carry my invention into effect 1 form the field magnet A upon the inner
surface of a hollow casting B which forms the frame of the machine, and I form
the outer surface of this frame of spherical form. I support the spherical portion
of this frame B in a base plate Chaving a recess on the top either spherical in
shape or having a suitable number of projections 1 the surfaces of which are
upon the surface of a sphere of equal radius to the outside of the frame B.
At either end of the spherical portion of the frame B I form cylindrical pro-
jections J and J, which I unite to the spherical portion of the frame by the flat
plates I and I. The cylindrical projections J and I bore out to receive the
castings K and K, adapted to carry the bearings F and F supporting the
shaft and provided with receptacles H and H¹ for oil.
The magnet coils L for magnetising the poles A are wound upon thin metal
formers or bobbins M and I form the ends of these formers of thin metal stamp-
ings having projecting corrugations N formed on their surfaces. I fix the coils
in position by means of wedges of metal driven in between the surfaces of two
adjacent poles A or by means of a ring of iron or steel O', in Figure 4 which is
partly cut away between the poles and so forms pole pieces in the usual way, and
when these wedges 0 or the ring are forced into position the said corruga-
tions N in the end plates of the magnet, formers Mi are partly flattened, the
amount of flattening depending upon the length of the magnet pole A and in
this way I am able to hold the coil firmly without having to tool any of the
surfaces of the magnet. The ends of the wires of the said coil may be brought
out in some of the corrugations N in the end plates of the former which are not
depressed by the said wedges or ring. I form terminals " for the magnet coils
by forming holes in the magnet wedges into which insulating tubes / of
porcelain or other suitable material are fastened by means of type metal or other
equivalent material inserted therein and the terminal plugs P are held in the
insulating tubes in a similar manner by means of type metal or other
cement These plugs P carry each a contact clip P2 which is adapted to make
contact with the spindle P3 which is supported in the bearing casting K', by
means of an insulating tube of porcelain or other suitable material p fixed in
the casting and to the spindle 13 by means of type metal or other suitable
material.
Openings may be cast in the flat plates I and II, at the ends of the spherical
portion of the frame B to allow of inspection or ventilation of the magnets, and
these openings may be closed by means of wire gauze or other suitable material
when required to keep out dirt. Openings are also formed in the cylindrical
projection J, which encloses the commutator of the machine, to allow of the
inspection of the brushes and commutator of the machine and these
openings may closed when desired by means
of a grid fitted into
into the casting J', which is bored out to receive it. Openings are formed in this
grid of the same size as the openings in the projection J', and the inspection holes
in the casting J¹, will be closed when the grid is partially rotated in its axis so

page_text: as to present the solid portions J³ to the openings in the casting. These solid
portions J3 may be replaced if desired by windows of glass or wire gauze.
The core of the armature R is built of laminated plates of iron S in the usual
way and to fix the core on the shaft G and to prevent it moving parallel to the
axis of the shaft, I turn a groove T in the shatt G at either end of the said core
aud I fit over the shaft thin tubes of brass or other suitable material U, having
a flange at one end and being formed in one with or united to the coned dish U₁,
and when these tubes U have been forced up into position, I lock them by rolling
down corrugations into the said grooves T in the shaft and I fix the commutator V
on the shaft in the same way by the sleeve U².
In some cases instead of rolling the tube U down into the groove T in the
shaft G, I place the groove T in the shaft beyond the flange on the tube U
and I spring a wire ring t of round or other section into the groove T. In this
case instead of making the flange u on the tube U flat, I curve it over as shown
in Figure 9, so as to partly embrace the said wire ring when it has been placed
in the groove T on the shaft. And I further lock the said ring t in position by
means of a ring of metal t, slipped over it and also fitting the shaft G beyond
the said ring t. The winding in the armature is of the drum type and the end
connections of the coils are carried round on the cylindrical thin metal rings W.
These metal rings W may be formed in one with the coned dish U and the
tube by stamping or they may be united thereto by spinning the metal of
the dish over into the groove at the end of the ring W.
The commutator is made in the usual way and the wires from the armature are
united to the segments of the commutator in any of the usual ways.
I form brush holders d out of thin plate metal which is bent into a rectangular
shape, so as to embrace the brush and I clip the brush in this holder d.
by means of a pine which is forced into the bent portions of the holder d.
On one side of the holder d I turn the metal f of which it is composed over so
as to embrace the pins g which are rivetted to the levers or links . The other
ends of these links h are supported from the pins gl thus forming a parallel
motion controlling the movement of the brush and brush holder d in a straight
line. To arrange bearings for the pins g' at the end of the links remote from
the brush holder, I turn over the central or web portion of the channel section
bar f, of which the links are formed, so as to embrace the pins g¹ and form a
hinged joint thereon.
These pins are rivetted into the cheeks k. The said cheeks
the spindle of circular section but having portions of either end
as to leave flat sides on either side.
are carried on
cut away so
drilled
I support this spindle in the carrier m. This carrier m has a hole
through it into which the flattened ends of the spindle fit.
The spindle is placed in position by turning the flattened ends about
the axis of the spindle until the said ends can be inserted through the slots o
into the holes in the carrier g. The spindle is then rotated about its axis until
the flattened ends pass into the proper position shown in Figure 7 when the
spindle can no longer be withdrawn. The side of the cheeks are formed of
suitable shape to engage with the back of the carrier m and prevent further
rotation of the spindle 7.
The brush is forced down on to the commutator by means of a spiral spring
wound round the spindle between the cheeks k. One end of the said spring is
attached to the spindle and the other end projects forward and presses down
the links h. Besides pressing the brush down on the commutator, this spring
prevents the rotation of the spindle so that it cannot become detached from the
carrier m.
I support the carrier m in insulating tubes 2 of porcelain or other suitable
material by means of type metal or other cement, and I fix the said insulating
tubes into the bearing casting K also by means of type metal or other cement.
The insulating tubes f carrying the brush carriers and 3 carrying the spindle P3

page_text: with which the magnet terminals make contact, have their axes parallel to the
axis of the machine and the stems of the said brush carriers and magnet spindles
which are cemented into these tubes pass right through them and project into a
recess formed in the cylindrical bearing casting K and here form the terminals X
of the machine to which wires are attached.
In some cases instead of fixing the terminals X of the machine in the cylindrical
bearing casting K', I prefer to cast recesses R on one side of the frame A, and
I fix terminals X' into insulating, tubes, by means of type metal or other
suitable cement, and I attach these tubes to cylindrical carriers y also by means
of type metal or other cement, and I hold these cylindrical carriers y in posi-
tion by means of the cap Z which serews into the frame B, and while fixing the
carrier in position also covers the terminal X, a hole or holes being provided
in the said cap to allow of the insertion of the cable. When I use this form of
terminal, I usually support the brush carrier m from the pole ring O¹, and I
attach it thereto by means of an insulating tube f of porcelain or other suitable
material fixed in position by means of type metal or cement as in the former
cases.
It will be seen that by the use of the spherical shaped casing and seat, the
machine can be stood on the floor or hung from the ceiling or from the face of a
vertical wall and can be adjusted in any position about the axis of the fastening
bolt. If adjustment is required in any other direction, I form the seat or founda-
tion with a spherical, surface and arrange a spherically seated washer to coact
therewith the hole through the casing being made large enough to obtain
adjustment of the axis of the bolt relative to the foundation or seat through a
convenient range. Although I have shown the machine with four poles I do not
limit myself, to this number.
I may also use any other kind of commutator or armature than that described
with the rest of my invention if I desire to do so.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. In a dynamo electric generator or motor a casing carrying the field
magnets, the central portion of which has the outside surface a portion of the
surface of a sphere, cylindrical end projections united thereto by plane sides for
carrying the bearings for the shaft, in combination with a seat or foundation
having the surfaces supporting or locking the said casing formed as portions of a
sphere struck from the centre of the casing and means for adjusting and fixing
the said casing upon the said seat, substantially as as described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In a dynamo electric generator or motor, the arrangement of the terminals
of the field magnet coils coacting with contact spindles supported in the bearing
casting, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In a dynamo electric generator or motor the means for fixing the armature
parts upon the shaft, consisting of the formation of grooves in the said shaft in
combination with a metal ring fitting into the said grooves and retained therein
by means of curved flanges upon metal tubes fitting the shaft, substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4th. In a dynamo electric generator or motor the formation upon the magnet
frame of recesses to receive the terminals in combination with metallic terminals
supported in sleeves fitting the said recesses and retained there by means of covers,
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5th. In a dynamo electric generator or motor a cylindrical end projection to
carry the bearing of the shaft in combination with a perforated grid or sleeve
fitting therein adapted to close openings in the said cylindrical projection, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6th. In a dynamo electric generator or motor brush holders supported from

page_text: carriers by means of links forming a parallel motion constructed and arranged
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7th. In a dynamo electric generator or motor brush carriers having cylindrical
holes therein provided with slots, in combination with brush holders having flat
sided cylindrical spindles adapted to engage in the said holes in the carriers,
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8th. In a dynamo electric generator or motor the formation of end supports for
the armature plates adapted to carry the winding on cylindrical rings in com-
bination with conical dished supports attached to or formed in one with, tubes
fitting into the armature shaft, substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
9th. The general arrangement of a dynamo electric generator, or motor, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of August 1899.
FELL & JAMES,
Agents for the Applicant, 1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.