IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS USED FOR BREWING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Tenwick, of Spittlegate, near Grantham, in the
County of Lincoln, Loam Moulder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VESSELS USED FOR BREWING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN FURNACES AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 20th September 1878, and dated the 21st March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Tenwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1878.
JOHN TENWICK, of Spittlegate, near Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Loam
Moulder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS USED FOR BREWING AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
"
This Invention has for object the construction of boiling pans and furnaces, and
apparatus for cleaning same by machinery, and a portable guard or screen to be
applied to the boiling pans to prevent the liquor and hops or other like substance
from being wasted in the process of boiling, the guard or screen effectually preventing
the liquor from boiling over.
By iny Invention also a large quantity of fuel is saved, greater ease in working is
effected, and smoke is almost entirely prevented.
In carrying my Invention into effect I make my boiling pans of copper (in
preference), or of iron or other metal. On the bottom in the inside I securely fix a
step or suitable bearing to support a vertical shaft with rotating brush or brushes
for the purpose of cleaning the pan for stirring the liquor when the process of
boiling is going on. On the inside edge on the top of the pan I temporally fix a
guard or screen of metal wire or other suitable material, which prevents the hops
from passing out of the pan on to the "curb;" the bubbles of liquor coming into
contact with the screen allows the gas to escape and the liquor to slowly pass
through the screen, said liquor being stopped from going over the outside edge of
the pan by upturned flange attached to the boiling pan to compel the liquor that
escapes through the screen to run back into the pan.

page_text: My furnace is made of wrought iron or of steel plates in sections that it can be
casily taken to pieces to facilitate the examination or for repairs of the boiling pan.
The interior of the furnace I line with fire-brick or other suitable material, and on
the outside I form a platform or stage for the convenience of the man in attendance.
On the top part I form a frame to support a vertical and a horizontal shaft for the
purpose of working the apparatus for brushing and cleaning the pan, and for stirring
the material when the process of boiling is going on.
My fire-doors and frames for same are made to slide in a dovetailed frame, and
also the ash-pit doors.
My fire-bars have a longitudinal bearing from end to end, and the bearing bars
rest on the two inside ends of the furnace.
My apparatus for cleaning the inside of boiling pan consists of a revolving brush
fixed in a moveable frame with a spring acting on the back of the brush, which
causes the pressure against the inside of the pan; this can be regulated with a
screw.
The apparatus can be worked at will either by hand or by steam power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Tenwick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st Sep-
tember 1878.
JOHN TENWICK, of Spittlegate, near Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Loam 2
Moulder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS USED FOR BREWING AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
22
This Invention has for object the construction of boiling pans and furnaces, and
apparatus for cleaning same by machinery, and a portable guard or screen to be
applied to boiling pans to prevent the liquor and hops or other like substance from a
being wasted in the process of boiling, the guard or screen effectually preventing
the liquor from boiling over.
By my Invention also a large quantity of fuel is saved, greater ease in working is
effected, and smoke is almost entirely prevented.
In carrying my Invention into effect I make my boiling pans of copper (in :
preference), or of iron or other metal. On the bottom in the inside I securly fix a
step or suitable bearing to support a vertical shaft with rotating brush or brushes
for the purpose of cleaning the pan or for stirring the liquor when the process of
boiling is going on. On the inside edge on the top of the pan I temporally fix a
guard or screen of metal wire or other suitable material, which prevents the hops
from passing out of the pan on to the "curb;" the bubbles of liquor coming into
contact with the screen allows the gas to escape and the liquor to slowly pass
through the screen, said liquor being stopped from going over the outside edge of
the pan by an upturned flange attached to the boiling pan or screen to compel the
liquor that escapes through the screen to run back into the pan.

page_text: My furnace is made of wrought iron or of steel plates in sections that it can be
easily taken to pieces to facilitate the examination or for repairs of the boiling pan.
The interior of the furnace I line with fire-bricks or other suitable material, and on
the outside I form a platform or stage for the convenience of the man in attendance.
On the top part I form a frame to support a vertical and a horizontal shaft for the
purpose of working the apparatus for brushing and cleaning the pan, and for stirring
the material when the process of boiling is going on.
My fire-doors and frames for same are made to slide in a dovetailed frame, and
also the ash-pit doors.
My fire-bars have a longitudinal bearing from end to end, and the bearing bars
rest on the two inside ends of the furnace.
My apparatus for cleaning the inside of boiling pan consists of a revolving brush
fixed in a moveable frame with a spring action on the back of the brush, which
causes the pressure against the inside of the pan; this can be regulated with a
Bcrew.
The apparatus can be worked at will either by hand or by steam power.
My Invention will be clearly understood by the annexed Drawings, in which
Figure 1 represents an elevation, and Figure 2 a vertical section of my boiling pan
and its settings.
A is the pan or copper resting upon brickwork B at intervals, openings C, C,
being formed for the passage of the heat and products of combustion to the heat
chamber D before passing to the outlet E, the chamber D being so made as to ensure
the greatest possible amount of heat from the fuel being used against the side of
the pan.
The upper part of the pan or copper A has a spread-out flange F and also a
turned up flange G all round the top edge, the flange making a smoke-tight joint at
the top edge of the brickwork, as shown.
The bottom of the pan is made concave or hollow at the fire portion to ensure the
first contact of flame and heat to act upon it in an efficient manner before ascending
through the openings C, C; the inner portion of the bottom is consequently convex,
and its centre carries a step or socket H, in which a vertical shaft I is fitted, and in
which the shaft revolves when moved by hand or by mechanism through the
intervention of bevil gearing J and a horizontal shaft K, as shown.
The
The two shafts I and K are held in position by a stay bracket or brace L fixed to
a top hoop of the brickwork, the bracket L carrying a segmental rack M, as shown
more particularly in the plan view, Figure 3, for causing a pinion N to rotate, say,
a quarter of a circle at each rotation of the shaft I with which it moves.
pinion N is upon a threaded rod P held in bearings Q, R, fixed to the shaft I, and
as the pinion gets into partial rotation so does the shaft on which it is mounted to
cause a brush frame S to move up or down upon the threaded rod P according to
the direction of turning the shaft K by a winch handle upon its outer end T by
hand or by suitable reversible gearing fitted thereon.
The brush U is held in the frame S by pins and slots, a spring V being fitted
between its back and the frame to keep the brush in contact with the side of the
pan, whereby the adherence of scum or formation of inscrustation of any kind on the
surface is prevented while the boiling operation is going on, consequently the action
of the heat upon the contents of the pan is completely developed, thereby causing
great economy in the consumption of fuel and hastening the process of boiling or of
evaporation.
W is a wirework or open-meshed guard or screen made in sections for conveni-
ence of placing in position when necessary. This is fitted on the top of the pan or
copper A just at the bend of the flange F, and as the bubbles of water and the
lighter kind of substance under treatment rise to the surface of the liquor by
ebullition the solid particles are kept back by this guard or screen, the liquor having
a free passage through the meshes on to the flange F, from which it returns to the
pan without boiling over, as is the case with pans not provided with a guard or
screen, as herein explained.

page_text: With existing boiler pans having a "curb" only I fit a rib to the wire screen, so
that the rib may rest upon the curb, an upright fillett G being in part therewith to
make a water-tight joint on the curb. The rib may be hollow and packed with
india-rubber or other material; see Figures 4 and 5.
Any excess of liquor in the pan is received by the upturned flange and maintained
at the same level, thero being little or no agitation outside the guard or screen,
which acts as a kind of breakwater.
The brickwork or setting B of my pan or copper is in sections or slabs previously
moulded to the desired shape, the seams being luted by a cement at the time of
fixing them in place.
The top hoop or ring of the pan support is held in position by vertical metal
frames X, which form ribs into which the slabs are placed, said frame or ribs being
protected from direct action of the flame by lappings of the slabs provided for the
purpose.
The lower ends of the frame or ribs, which are preferably of wrought iron, are
attached to a casting or base Y forming the fuel chamber or furnace Z and the
ash-pit a, the entrance being provided with sliding doors b, b, running on flanged
bars c, c; when pulled out by hand each door or half door having a link a, a,
attached and moving upon a rod e as a fulcrum to enable the doors to move in a
parallel manner, as shown.
The base or casting Y is lined with fire-clay or refractory material in the usual
manner, in which the supporters f, f, for the fire-bars are arranged. The fire-bars g, g,
Figure 7, are of a special kind, and in section they have diagonal slots h, h, between
their side rails i, i, as is more particularly shown in Figures 7 and 8, these being of
malleable cast iron or mild steel to resist the destructive action of direct fire to the
greatest extent. The side rails or webs of these bars are of great depth and form a
rest to lodge upon perforated supporting bars, Figure 6, which I prefer should be of
arched form with an even upper face for the bar web to find a full bearing. The
webs i, i, are of tapered form, as are also the partitions j,j, (sco Figure 2,) to ensure
a free passage of spent fuel, and also to narrow the entry spaces through which the
air to support combustion is supplied to the fire, the passage of the air being some-
what checked and held, so to speak, to be heated in the ash-pit before passing into
the fire, in which state the air commingling with the gases given off from the
fuel cause the necessary expansion and development of great heat within the
furnace.
k is a projecting staging or platform to enable the attendants to remove or to fit
the guard or screen W (which is in segments for the sake of convenience), in position,
or to turn the hand winch of the pan-cleansing mechanism as desired; and 1, l, are
the flue doors, so arranged that the whole of the heat chamber D can be got at for
cleansing purposes; m is a front door which can be easily removed and replaced by
simply turning the pinch nuts n, n, when the heat chamber D has to be cleaned or
any repairs to the copper or pan have to be effected, the aperture being sufficiently
large to permit a man to enter.
My sectional and diagonal ribbed fire-bars, Figure 7, are available for all kinds of
furnaces besides those used for brewing and like operations, and as an example I
show in Figures 9 and 10 their application to a tubular Cornish type of boiler, to
the back of the furnace box of which I fit a baffle plater to direct the products of
combustion downwards, and then into an expansion chamber q, in which the gases
by their expansion cause the smoke to be consumed and the vapour converted into
gas, whereby the heat generated therein takes full effect and are expended upon the
Hlue or the tubes on their way to the chimney or uptake.
In the Drawing, Figure 9, I have shown the baffle plate hollow and forming a
water chamber as part of the boiler, but it may be solid or formed from a single
plate of metal for deflecting the flame and products of combustion downward behind
the bridge ¹.
Another improvement relates to the doors of furnaces, said doors being of

page_text: segmental shape to slide in corresponding grooves of a frame attached to the front
of the furnace, or to the front of a boiler, and in such position that when the door
is
open its lower part goes under the bars into the ash-pit or into a space formed
for it between the ash-pit and the bars. This will be understood by reference to
Figures 9 and 10, in which a is the frame bolted or otherwise attached to the front t
of a boiler u. The frame a has grooves of segmental form (vertically), dovetailed
or plain, in which the door v of similar shape is free to slide when moved by hand
or through the intervention of pinions w, w, gearing into a rack on the face or
edge of the door, the pinions being mounted upon the door frames so that they can
be turned when desired by worm or other gearing, and the door be thereby opened
by a sliding action to the desired extent either to expose the full mouth of the
furnace, such as when necessary to feed; or it may be slid downward as to admit
air above the fuel.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,---
First. The improved arrangement of apparatus described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the annexed Drawings, as and for the purposes set forth.
Secondly. I claim forming brewers' and like boiling pans or vessels with a top
vertical flange, as shown and as herein-before described, for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly. I claim the boiling pan cleansing appliance and parts connected there-
with in combination, as described and as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
annexed Drawings.
Fourthly. I claim adapting an open-worked or meshed wire guard or screen to
the upper part of brewing and like boiling pans, as and for the purposes described.
Fifthly. I claim making the furnace or boiling pan holder in sections or slabs
previously prepared and capable of being joined, as set forth.
Sixthly. I claim constructing furnace bars of cast malleable metal or mild steel,
and in sections with diagonal ribs and spaces, said bars being supported by longi-
tudinal bearing bars to ensure a bearing for the whole of their length, said bars
having openings in them for the passage of air, as herein-before described, and
substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Seventhly. I claim the construction and employment of furnace doors of segmental
shape having a sliding action vertically to expose partially or fully the mouth of the
furnace, as described, and substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tenwick, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twentieth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
Witness,
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent,
40, Fleet Street,
London.
JOHN TENWICK. (L.S.)