IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATERPROOFING AND SIZING PAPER AND SUCH LIKE MATERIAL
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1886.
Complete Left, 12th Apr., .1887.
Complete Accepted, 7th June, 1887.
I CHARLES WEYGANG of No. 7 Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County of
of Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATERPROOFING AND SIZING PAPER AND SUCH LIKE MATERIAL to be as
follows:-
For the purpose of producing a waterproof paper, or paper material, I add to the
fibrous pulp in the beating engine a resinous, fatty, or oily size, such as saponified
rosin, or soap; or a mixture of resinous, fatty, and oily substances, such as rosin,
tallow and petroleum.-After this size is thoroughly mixed with the pulp I add starch
prepared as follows:-
I take starch and mix the same with water and I add to this mixture a solution of
caustic alkali until the starch becomes thick and gelatinous.-I mix with this
gelatinous starch from 5 per cent and upwards of turpentine or its equivalent.
Of this mixture I add from about 7 lbs and upwards to about 2 Cwt of fibrous
material, calculating the dry weights in all cases. When the size, that is the starch,
is thoroughly mixed with the fibrous pulp in the beater and when the beating is
finished, I raise the roll and add at the back of the same a solution of Bichromate of
Potash, or its equivalent, and when this is thoroughly mixed, I add a solution of a
metallic salt, such as a salt of Iron, Aluminium, Zinc or Copper. After allowing the
stuff to mix thoroughly it is worked off in the ordinary manner..
If the material to be produced is to be less impervious, I omit the resinous, fatty
or oily size and employ the starch size only, prepared as above.-In this case I

page_text: generally employ a rather large proportion of turpentine or its equivalent, and I
prefer to boil the mixture.
If the material to be produced is not to have a waterproof character at all, I omit
the Chromium salt and employ only an Aluminous, Iron, Zinc or Copper salt; or a
salt of an alkaline earth, such as Calcium or Barium chloride, in the manner as before
described. In this case I prefer not to boil the starch size, but to mix the ingredients
cold.
Instead of mixing the size and chemicals with the fibrous pulp in the beater, I
can mix them in any other suitable mixing apparatus, but not with the same
advantage.
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Waterproofing and Sizing Paper and such like
Material.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG of No. 7 Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
For the purpose of producing a waterproof paper or paper material I employ a
resinous, fatty, or oily size.-For instance I take 5 Cwt (five hundredweight) of
common rosin and make the same into size in the ordinary manner known to paper-
makers. To this hot rosin size I add petroleum and I generally employ about 1 Cwt
(one hundredweight) which I mix thoroughly with the rosin size. In the place of the
petroleum I can employ an oil or other fatty substance or I can employ these
conjointly with the petroleum, thus: 5 Cwt (five hundredweight) rosin Cwt (half a
hundredweight) petroleum Cwt (half a hundredweight) tallow.
The above I call the resinous size.

page_text: I take starch or flour and I prefer to prepare the same as follows :-I mix the starch
or flour with a rather large quantity of water, say eight times the bulk of the
farinaceous matter.-I keep the farinaceous matter well suspended in the water and I
add very gradually and at short intervals a clear solution of a caustic alkali until the
mass becomes viscid and assumes a transparent appearance. I usually employ caustic
soda and I prefer to let the solution settle and to use the clear liquid only.-I also
most generally add to the farinaceous size five per cent and upwards of turpentine or
its equivalent.
To about two cwt of fibrous stuff in the beating engine (calculated waterfree) I
add on an average about 16 lbs (sixteen pounds) of the resinous size (calculated
waterfree) and I allow this to mix thoroughly.-I then add on an average about
fourteen lbs of the farinaceous size and when this is thoroughly mixed with the pulp
and the beating is finished I raise the roll of the beater and add at the back of the
same, that is to say, some distance from the front, a solution of bichromate of potash
or of soda. When this is mixed I add gradually a solution of an astringent salt, such
as alum, or iron, zinc or copper sulphate. The alum and the iron sulphate are most
generally employed and in a proportion of fourteen lbs and upwards:
The bichromate is employed in a proportion of five lbs and upwards if used
conjointly with an aluminous salt and in somewhat smaller proportions when an iron
salt is employed say as low as three lbs.-After allowing the stuff to mix thoroughly
it is let down into the stuff chest and worked off in the ordinary manner.
If the material to be produced is not to have a waterproof character at all I omit
the resinous size and the bichromate and proceed as follows:
I wish it to be understood that this process is applicable to all classes of papers but
more particularly for producing paper from low qualities or short fibred raw materials
such as waste papers sawdust potato stems and such like.-The fibrous stuffs I prepare
generally in the ordinary manner of papermaking. -Short fibred stuffs I prefer to
pulp in an apparatus which exerts a crushing action, such as the so-called "edge"
runners and when sufficiently pulped I transfer the stuff to the beating engine or
other equivalent apparatus hereafter referred to.-Waste papers I prefer to soak or
boil in an alkaline liquid before I put them into the pulping engine.
For every two Cwt of dry fibrous materials contained in the beating engine I add
of the prepared farinaceous sizing matter herein before described a proportion equal
to about seven to twentyeight lbs of the dry starch or flour according to the nature
of the paper to be made. I usually employ about fourteen lbs which I add to the
pulp preferably towards the finish of the beating.-When the fibrous pulp has been
sufficiently pulped or beaten and thoroughly mixed with the farinaceous size I raise
the roll of the beating engine that is to say I create as wide a space as possible
between the fixed bars and the roll and I add at the back of the same that is to say at
the hinder part of the beating engine a solution of an astringent salt such as an
aluminous, iron, zinc or copper salt. Or I employ a salt of an alkaline earth, such as
calcium or barium chloride. But I usually employ the ordinary alum of commerce
and I add a solution of this salt distributing it evenly over the stuff at the back of
the roll and preferably at the same time stirring the stuff near to where the alum
solution is being added until the pulp becomes clear or nearly so.-The stirring may
be done by hand with the ordinary stick or mechanically by means of a fixed paddle-
wheel or such like arrangement. For the fourteen lbs of farinaceous matter in the
pulp there are usually required from fourteen to eighteen (pounds) lbs of dry alum.
More or less may sometimes be employed.-When all the alum solution has been
added to the stuff the latter is allowed to travel round two or three times and it is
then let down into the chest or blocked in the beating engine and prevented from
travelling round until it can be let down into the chest. From the chest it is worked
off in the ordinary manner.
If loading filling coloring or such like impalpable matters are employed these are
preferably added to the pulp before the farinaceous sizing is added.
If the pulp contains any matters which have a material effect upon the farinaceous

page_text: matter, such as lime in any form or to a lesser extent barium sulphate, clays and
ochres I prefer to add a small part of the proportion of the farinaceous size to be
employed to the pulp first and to allow it to mix.-I then add the remaining portion
and proceed as before described.
In lieu of the first portion of farinaceous size just referred to I can employ an
equivalent or larger proportion of the starchy pulp produced by boiling vegetable
matters such as leaves or fleshy stems with an alkali. I do not confine myself to the
proportion of this starchy pulp. Being cheap I frequently employ a much larger
proportion than I would of starch or flour.
I wish it to be understood that the manipulation in the beater is in all respects as
herein before described.
To produce the starchy pulp the vegetable substances are simply boiled in a weak
alkaline liquid until they are soft and slippery.-The time necessary for the boiling
depends upon the strength of the alkaline liquid and whether the boiling is carried
out under pressure. With one Cwt of alkali per ton of vegetable matter and a
pressure of twentyfive lbs the boiling would take from two to three hours.
Instead of completing the entire sizing operation in the beating engine as described
similar results are produced by passing the fibrous pulp after the size has been added
and thoroughly mixed in the said beating engine into another suitable apparatus fitted
with mixing arms or other contrivance capable of mixing the pulp without much
friction and adding the alum or other precipitating solution to the pulp in this
apparatus. The object being to avoid or lessen the effects of the friction and
agitation of the beating roll whilst the sizing matter is being and after it is
precipitated.
I
If the paper to be produced is to have the character of a tarred rope paper
dissolve wood tar by mixing it with a clear solution of a caustic alkali and heating
the mixture. I usually employ caustic soda and I add a clear solution of this until
the tar becomes a uniform and deep brown color. This tar size is either mixed with
the farinaceous size before the latter is added to the pulp or it can be added
independently to the pulp but before the farinaceous size is added.--The tar size can
be employed in almost any proportion up to twentyeight lbs to a two Cwt engine.—If
only a small proportion of tar is to be employed say up to twenty per cent of the
farinaceous size it can be mixed with the latter without being first dissolved with an
alkali. It is of course understood that the tar can also be employed in combination
with the starchy pulp herein before referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
1st. The manufacture of a waterproof paper or allied material substantially as
herein before described.
2nd. The manufacture of paper or allied material by employing a size of a
farinaceous nature substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
Dated this 9th day of April 1887.
CHARLES WEYGANG.