IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1861

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to Youngs Palfrey, of the Pimlico Wheel Works, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CARRIAGE WHEELS."
Scaled the 15th November 1861, and dated the 21st May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Youngs Parfrey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1861.
I, YOUNGS PARFREY, of the Pimlico Wheel Works, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
carriage wheels, and is applicable when using india-rubber rings around
the peripheries of carriage wheels. The improvements consist in employ-
ing interior of such rings of india-rubber a strong ring or hoop of inelastic
material, preferring iron for the purpose, which will not be liable by
use to be extended in diameter. The internal ring or hoop is made of
less diameter than the outer diameter of the wheel, to which it with its
coating of india-rubber is to be applied. The ring of india-rubber (con-
taining the interior inelastic ring or hoop) is placed in a suitable groove
or recess around the tyre or outer circumference of the wheel, the india-

page_text: rubber projecting or extending beyond the walls or sides of the groove
or recess formed around the wheel, as has heretofore been the case when
using india-rubber rings on carriage wheels, but by reason of the inclastic
ring or hoop being of less diameter than the outer circumference of the
wheel, and by reason of its being within the groove, the india-rubber
ring will be prevented expanding in diameter when in use so as to get
out of the groove or recess around the wheel. The india-rubber used
for this purpose is to be rendered permanently elastic in the ordinary
manner by sulphur or sulphur compounds and heat. The inclastic
interior ring or hoop may be clothed with india-rubber in different ways,
but it is preferred to employ short hollow cylinders and to slide them
on to the rod or bar which is to constitute the inner inelastic ring, and
to compress them thereon, so that the two ends of the bar or rod may be
allowed to protrude a distance to admit of such ends being-welded or
otherwise connected together. The groove or recess around the wheel
may be of any convenient form, and made in any suitable manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Youngs Parfrey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st November, 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, YOUNGS
PARFREY, of the Pimlico Wheel Works, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Youngs Parfrey, Her special license that I, the
said Youngs Parfrey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Youngs Parfrey, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGE
WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Youngs
Parfrey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Youngs Parfrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
carriage wheels, and is applicable when using india-rubber rings around
the peripheries of carriage wheels. The improvements consist in employ-
ing interior of such rings of india-rubber a strong ring or hoop of inelastic
material, preferring iron for the purpose, which will not be liable by
use to be extended in diameter. The internal ring or hoop is made of
less diameter than the outer diameter of the wheel to which it with its
coating of india-rubber is to be applied. The ring of india-rubber (con-
taining the interior inelastic ring or hoop) is placed in a suitable groove
or recess around the tyre or other circumference of the wheel, the india-
rubber projecting or extending beyond the walls or sides of the groove
or recess formed around the wheel, as has heretofore been the case when
using india-rubber rings on carriage wheels, but by reason of the inelastic
ring or hoop being of less diameter than the outer circumference of the
wheel; and by reason of its being within the groove, the india-rubber
ring will be prevented expanding in diameter when in use, so as to get
out of the groove or recess around the wheel. The india-rubber used
for this purpose is to be rendered permanently elastic in the ordinary
manner by sulphur or sulphur compounds and heat. The inelastic
interior ring or hoop may be clothed with india-rubber in different ways,
but it is preferred to employ short hollow cylinders and to slide them
on to the rod or bar, which is to constitute the inner inelastic ring and
to compress them thereon, so that the two ends of the bar or rod may be
allowed to protrude a distance to admit of such ends being welded or
otherwise connected together. The groove or recess around the wheel
may be of any convenient form, and made in any suitable manner.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will now proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a side elevation; and Figure 2, a section of a carriage

page_text: wheel, having an elastic ring of vulcanized india-rubber applied thereto,
according to my Invention. The wheel is of wood of an ordinary con-
struction; but carriage wheels of other constructions may have my
Invention applied thereto.
a is the tyre or outer ring of the wheel, in which is a groove or recess
all round; b is a hoop or ring of vulcanized india-rubber introduced into
the groove or recess around the outer ring or tyre of the wheel. I would
here state that it is not new to apply india-rubber around the tyre or
outer ring of a carriage wheel, vulcanized india-rubber alone, and also
with other materials having before been applied, in order to obtain an
elastic tread or surface to the circumference of a carriage wheel. The
peculiar nature of my Invention consists in employing interior of the
ring of india-rubber a strong ring or hoop of inelastic material, pre-
ferring iron for such purpose, which not being liable by use to be
extended will retain the india-rubber from extending, and consequently
prevent the india-rubber ring from getting out of the groove or recess
_around the tyre or outer ring of the wheel. The inelastic ring or hoop
is made somewhat less in circumference than the largest circumference
of the tyre or outer ring of the wheel, but of larger circumference than
the wheel measured around the bottom of the groove or recess around
the tyre or ring of the wheel. If is preferred that the groove or recess
in the tyre of the wheel should be of like cross section to that part of
the ring of india-rubber which is received therein; but when more than
one such ring of india-rubber is used in the same groove only the sides or
flanges of the groove or recess need be of a corresponding section to the
parts of the rings of india-rubber. I prefer that the ring of india-rubber
should consist of several short lengths or tubes of vulcanized india-
rubber, though the proper length for a carriage wheel may be in one
piece of vulcanized india-rubber tube. The rod of iron or other suitable
inelastic material is to be passed through the several pieces, or the one
length of india-rubber tube, and then the ends of india-rubber so placed
on the rod are to be pressed and retained back on the rod, so as to
leave some inches at each end of the rod uncovered and bare. The ends
of the rod are then to be heated and welded, or they may be brazed, or
otherwise so joined as to produce a complete inelastic ring or hoop. The
hoop or ring of vulcanized india-rubber containing an inelastic hoop o
ring in its interior is then to be placed in the groove or recess around
the tyre or outer ring of a carriage wheel; this is effected by first intro
ducing part of the ring into part of the recess or groove around the

page_text: wheel, and then in consequence of the elasticity of the india-rubber of
that part of the ring which is in the groove giving way and permitting
that part of the inflexible hoop to come nearer the bottom of the groove
when the other parts of the inflexible ring are forced progressively into
the groove it will allow the last part of the inflexible ring to be forced
with its india-rubber covering into the recess or groove around the tyre
or outer ring of the wheel, when the elasticity of the india-rubber will
cause the ring to assume its proper or normal condition, the ring or
hoop of inflexible material assuming again its central position within
the ring of india-rubber. When once in its place in the groove or recess
around the wheel the ring of india-rubber will be restrained from
extending in its circumference by the internal ring of inelastic material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Youngs Parfrey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
YOUNGS PARFREY. (L.S.)