An Improved Self Acting Forging Machine.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1891
An Improved Self Acting Forging Machine.
We, STEFAN REILANDER and GEORG TOPHAM, both of X Simmeringerstrasse
No. 159, Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to he particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
:-
Our invention relates to a self-acting forging machine, by means of which
(1) Not only can objects be forged by blows upon four sides vertically to their
axes so as to give them the required form, but
(2) Also forgings can be made which require for their manufacture an axially
directed force, or which require a spike, such as rivets, screws, bolts etc.; and,
(3) Also articles such as horse-shoe nails, wedges, etc. which require a con-
siderable amount of taper, and lastly
(4) Objects of any kind can be forged smooth and clean with the greatest
facility.
The great variety of articles which require to be forged, necessitates several
variations in the form of the machine. In consequence of this machines are
accordingly constructed-
(1) To give four blows only, acting vertically to the axis, see Figures 2, 3 and 4
of the drawing.
(2) To give four such blows, and a counterblow or upsetting blow, in an axial
direction, see Figure 8.
(3) To give three such blows, and a blow with a rolling action in a longitudinal
direction, (which we term a rolling blow), sec Figures 5, 6 and 7; and,
(4) To be able to forge all kinds of objects as clean and smooth as possible; the
cams being so arranged that they do not, throughout, force the dies at each blow
more and more into the centrally held material to give it the required form, but
the force of the blows remains equal during the last part of the striking, and the
dies consequently operate with a sinoothing or polishing action upon the forging.
In addition to these novelties in the action of our forging machine, there is an
improvement in the striking mechanism consisting in the employment of a number
of discs having peripheral projections or their equivalents which cause the blow,
see Figure 9, or a single compound disc see Figures 5, 6 and 7; further, there are
special arrangements of mechanism for guiding the die-thrusters, and for throwing
out the completed forging.
It is to be regarded as specially advantageous that the parts which effect the
striking, are not only furnished with peripheral projections or cams or their
equivalents of gradually increasing eccentricity, but the latter are so shaped that
in a fifth of the circumference the eccentricity only increases within the limits
of 20 min., and so remains as nearly equal as possible.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the constructive principle of the mechanism
for operating the die thrusters the cams or projections marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 being
shewn gradually increasing in eccentricity or height in order to forge the article.
into the required form, while those marked 5, 6 and 7 are of equal height in order
to produce a smoothing effect upon the shaped article.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the left hand half of a forging machine embodying
our improvements and having thrusting discs with peripheral swellings or projections
like those shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 3 shews at its upper half a central vertical section, and at the lower half
a section taken on the line drawn from-the centre to 1,,of the front or main or

page_text: disc-carrying plate, and a central vertical section of the actuating mechanism
behind the said plate.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan of our forging machine arranged to work with four
striking discs the section being taken through the front or main plate.
Figure 5 is a front elevation of the right hand half of our forging machine
illustrating a striking arrangement with a compound disc and adapted to give
rolling blows as well as straight blows.
Figure 6 is a transverse section of the machine.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section of Figure 5.
Figure 8 is a vertical section illustrating the arrangement for giving an upsetting
blow, and
Figure 9 is a view illustrating various means for giving an axially directed force
to the dies.
The thrusting discs b, shewn in Figures 2, 3 and 4 are provided with peripheral
swellings or projections forming a succession of cams lying in one plane and which
at first successively increase in height, and afterwards remain uniform, the said
swellings or projections acting directly upon the thruster or plunger w which holds
the die pl.
In place of these thrusting discs, I may employ rings (shewn at the lower
right hand side of Figure 9) provided with similar peripheral swellings or pro-
jections. The ring is formed with internal teeth and is actuated by a toothed-
wheel on a shaft a the said wheel c drawing the ring 6 between the thruster or
plunger and its own teeth, thus at the same time forcing the corresponding
thruster of the die against the object which is being forged.
Instead of this thrusting ring, discs such as (one of which is shown at the
upper right hand side of Figure 9) may be used. The thrusting disc shewn upon
the axle a is provided with rollers of equal size, and arranged upon its
periphery at equal distances from one another and from the centre of the disc, and
these, by means of the interposed curved wedge d act upon the strikers, and
produce the blows, which at first increase in strength and then remain equal, upon
the forging. The thrusting disc 3 on the spindle a at the upper right hand side
of Figure 9 is provided with rollers, which act upon a crank lever e, toggle
levere and subsidiary thruster e² and thereby drive the thruster 10 (Figures 2, 3
and 4) which holds the die. This system of levers, when set in action by the
grooved wheel H and lever e³, removes the subsidiary thruster e out of the position
shewn in the drawing and out of contact with the rollers » in consequence of which
the thruster w is left at rest during the time when the mechanism for cutting off or.
placing in position the object to be forged is in operation and as the next step the
subsidiary thruster 2 is, through the action of a certain number of rollers, pressed
little by little towards the axial line of the thruster and is kept there during the
passage of a further number of rollers, whereby the forging thrusters are caused to
gradually advance and finally remain stationary.
Or as shewn at the lower left hand side of Figure 9 the thrusting disc upon
the spindle a² may be provided on its circumference with indentations into which
fit the link joints (some of which vary in diameter and some of which are of
equal size) of a sprocket or endless chain which, being carried round with the
disc 2 give the corresponding forging blows to the thruster w direct.
Instead of employing rings or discs for operating the thrusters as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 2, 3 and 9 we can, as shewn in Figures 5, 6
and 7, operate the whole of the mechanism from a compound disc or drum carried
by the shaft A, and this disc, for facility of construction and of changing is
composed of a drum M N, a ring H, having the grooves for operating the feeding
or gripping mechanism, and grooves h' for operating the cutters and, the wavy
groove for communicating a rolling action to the dies and the rings K K¹
hereinafter described of which there may be four or more according to the
requirements of the work and the number of blows to be given. If the machines
be required for making small objects a drum R for a driving-belt is fixed to the

page_text: rings HK K', but in machines for making large objects toothed gearing is
employed instead for driving the machine. The motion of the thrusters with the
dies p¹ inserted in them (not shown in these two figures) is effected by the
levers d, d similarly to that of the thruster w' hereinafter described.
In machines for giving a rolling blow, three dies such as p¹ Figures 5, 6 and 7
are employed corresponding in form with the object to be forged, and inserted in
three thrusters, which act vertically upon the forging, whilst a slide p³, Figure 6,
is movably inserted in a well fitting groove in the fourth thruster w¹. This slide
is drawn backwards by a combination of levers m², m³, m, at the moment when
pressure is being exerted upon the forging, whereby the forging, with the assistance
of the small wheel is pressed into the corresponding matrix, and is what we term
drawn-rolled in the corresponding longitudinal direction. This rolling slide, as well
as the upsetting die in machines having mechanism, such as is shown in Figure 8, for
giving an upsetting blow, receives its movement through the medium of the
groove in the wheel H.
In machines for giving an upsetting blow, a rod pt is, as shewn in Figure 8,
thrust forward upon the forging whilst the alternating lateral blows are being
given thereto, at the moment when it is being held by the dies.
The cutting off of the forging, shaped by the first blows, and made even and
finished by the final sliding blows, is accomplished in the following way:-The
thrusters serving as cutters, are forced together at the proper time by the action
of the grooved wheel H, on the driving shaft A. which operates the bar at the
rear end of the toggle lever (Figures 2, 3, and 5) and the link at the
front. The form of the groove is shewn clearly at ', Figure 5, and the groove
may be made in the front or back face of the wheel according to requirements.
Figures 6 and 7 shew it in front and Figures 3 and 4 in the back.
Under all circumstances however care must be taken, that the finished forging,
when cut off, is thrown quickly out of the machine, since, if this be not done, the
forging will be seized and spoilt by the dies as they continue their action, and
might also cause breakage of the machinery. The blow which throws out the
finished forging may now be given either by a spring which acts directly upon the
forging itself, or it may be effected more advantageously by a special throwing out
mechanism. One of the simplest of these mechanisms consists of a spring k
inserted in the thrusters which carry the cutters, a lever and a throwing out
pin k
When the cutters (Figures 2 and 3) cut off the finished forging, the
throwing out pin is pressed up and lifts the lever k², and compresses the spring k
and after the cutting off is accomplished, the dies are withdrawn from the finished
forging which is, by the recoil of the spring, thrown out of the machine. (The
lever can if desired be dispensed with.)
When this has been effected, the feeders or grippers actuated by the grooved
wheel H then come into action, thus:-The pin of the bar m Figure 7, engages
with the curved peripheral groove of the wheel H, Figures 3, 4, 6 and 7, the
bar sliding in a guide slot near the outer edges of the front plate B of the
machine. The bar m is pivotted the slotted lever n, in the slot of which is located
an adjustable fulcrum pin n² moveable along a screw threaded rod operated by
a hand wheel n. The lever n is united by a joint n' to the cross piece o, carrying
guide rods o, o, which pass through the plate B, and carry, on a cross piece fitted
on their forward ends the gripping arrangements o², 0³.
On the backward movement of the bar m the gripping jaws o, o³, slide onto the
rod of hot iron as it issues from the furnace, and on the reverse motion of the bar m,
the jointed teeth of the jaw o, acting in conjunction with the serrated jaw o² auto-
matically grip the hot iron and bring it between the dies (Figures 2 and 3)
which are at this moment at rest.
For this purpose the curved groove h (which brings about the forward move-
ment of the gripping jaws) on the circumference of the wheel H is wide enough
to allow the pin of the bar m to have sufficient play in it to permit the carrier to

page_text: follow the elongation of the iron, so as to allow the latter to recede when necessary
during the forging. The forward movement of the iron is regulated by moving the
fulcrum (Figure 7) of the lever », by means of the screw threaded rod, so
that it is possible to control the movement of the iron even during the time the
machine is in action.
The rapid action of the machine requires that all parts of it, but especially the
thrusters w which hold the dies p' should be guided as exactly as possible and be
always secure. The thrusters (Figures 3 and 6) are very exactly fitted in their
guides in the main plate and are prevented from becoming loose, through the
vibration of the machine when in action, by the covers of the thrusters being
held in position, by straps t and wedges inserted between the latter and the
covers s. The wedges t are connected by the spring y, which is only slightly
placed in tension, the wedges being thereby drawn or pushed between the straps t, t
and the covers and by this means pressing the covers constantly and evenly
against the thruster w, which automatic adjustment prevents, even with the greatest
wear and tear; auy shaking of the thruster in the guides.
In Figures 2 and 3 the springs are shewn adapted to draw the wedges between
the straps and the covers; while in Figures 5 and 6 they are shewn arranged to
push the wedges between the said parts.
The withdrawal of the thruster after the blow has been delivered can be
effected by springs (Figures 2 and 4) or by bell crank levers such as (Figures 5
and 7) each of which acts between two adjacent thrusters, by pressing with.
one of its arms upon the protruding lug of one thruster or the other; thus
when the thruster d is forced inwards during the working, the thruster dis
forced outwards and vice versa. During the working of the machine all the parts
which come into contact with the hot iron are constantly cooled with soap and
water.
.
The machine when working with four discs is driven in the following manner :-
The four shafts a, Figures 2, 3 and 4 are each fitted with a similar pinion all
the pinions being rotated in the same direction by a cog wheel upon the shaft A
thereby operating the cam discs by means of which the forging blows are given.
In machines with a compound disc or drum, as shewn in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 the
driving is effected either directly through the belt-pulley R or by a gearing and
fly-wheel placed between the pulley and the compound disc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. A. self acting forging machine, giving on two, four, or more sides, alternately,
central forging blows, at first increasing in power, and then remaining equal, and
which can be caused as the case may require :-
(a) By a disc, Figures 2, 3 and 4, provided with peripheral swellings or pro-
jections, or a toothed wheel c, and a ring 6, Figure 9 having similar
peripheral swellings or projections, forming an arrangement of cams lying
in one plane, and which at first increase in height and, then remain constant.
(b) By discs ', Figure 9 carrying rollers rat equal distances from their centres
and intervening wedges d.
(c) By discs ³, Figure 9, carrying rollers at equal distances from their
centres, combined with a system of levers e, e, arranged and operating so
as to bring subsidiary thrusters. e² out of and into radial lines of the
- machine.
"
H
(d) By discs, Figure 9, with indentations equi-distant from the centre of
the same, and sprocket chains having joints of varying dimensions.
(e) By a compound disc. Figures 5, 6 and 7 placed in the middle of the
machine, behind the dies and the slide which gives the rolling blow, and
provided with cams, projections or their equivalents having an eccentricity"

page_text: at first increasing and afterwards constant; or with similar devices arranged
at equal distances from the centre with the auxiliary devices shewn at b', b, b³,
Figure 9.
2. In a forging machine the employment of mechanism for giving an upsetting.
blow in the direction of the axis of the object to be forged, substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figure 8 of the accompanying drawing.
3. In a forging machine the employment of mechanism for giving a stroking or
rolling blow substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5, 6.
and 7 of the accompanying drawing.
4. In a forging machine the employment of the carrier for bringing the hot iron
between the dies of the machine and consisting of a lever n with an adjustable
fulcrum n and the self-closing jaws, o³, substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figures 5 and 7 of the accompanying drawing.
5. In a forging machine the. mechanism for throwing out the forging when
completed such mechanism consisting of a direct acting spring, or of a spring k,
acting upon a thrusting pin k¹ in combination with (or without) a lever k², sub-
stantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the
accompanying drawing..
6. In a forging machine the peculiar arrangement of thrusters w and the means
for effecting the automatic regulation of the covers of the guides such means.
consisting of straps t, t, wedges t,t, and a spring y, substantially as hereinbefore.
described and illustrated in Figures 2 to 7 of the accompanying drawing.
T
1
CT1001
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.