IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR MAKING BRICKS.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Chambers, of. No. 4, Marlborough Terrace,
Clarendon Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR MAKING BRICKS.
Sealed the 8th November 1864, and dated the 9th May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Chambers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1864.
I, JAMES CHAMBERS, of No. 4, Marlborough Terrace, Clarendon Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to that description of machinery or apparatus
for making bricks in which the clay is deposited from the pug mill into dies
or moulds upon a revolving table. Such revolving table has hitherto been
arranged to pass beneath the bottom of the pug mill, where the clay was
deposited into the dies or moulds that were formed in or fixed to the revolving
table, and whence it was removed by means of pistons or moveable bottoms
that forced up the brick out of the mould after it had passed from under the
Dug mill.

page_text: For
Now my Invention has for its object a more perfect and simple means of
filling the moulds, and of removing the bricks from the same when made.
this purpose instead of arranging the rotating table to pass beneath the bottom.
of the pug mill, I form a box projecting from and communicating with the
bottom of the latter, beneath the open bottom of which box the rotating table
with the dies or moulds passes. Through the closed top of the box a hammer
or ram is made to work up and down by any suitable means, so as to cause the
clay to fill the moulds in a perfect manner. The moulds are placed loose upon
the table, which forms the bottom of the same, so that when the moulds pass
from under the filling box (the edge of which scrapes the upper surface level)
they are removed from the table by hand, and the moulded brick is turned out
of them in the same manner as is the case with hand-made bricks. The table
may receive the requisite rotary motion either by hand or from the pug mill
shaft by means of an endless chain passing round pullies fixed respectively upon
the pug mill shaft, and upon the spindle carrying the table, and the pug mill
shaft may also be made to actuate the before-mentioned hammer or ram, either
by tappets upon the former which move a bell crank lever to which the
latter is connected, or by cams or other suitable means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Chambers in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CHAMBERS, of No. 4, Marlboro' Terrace, Clarendon Road, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Chambers, Her special licence that I, the said James Chambers,
my executors, 'administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Chambers, my exécutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR

page_text: APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Chambers, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great.
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after tho
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Chambers, do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being bad to the accompanying Drawing and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention has reference to that description of machinery or apparatus
for making bricks in which the clay is deposited from the pug mill into dies
or moulds upon a revolving table. Such revolving table has hitherto been
arranged to pass beneath the bottom of the pug mill, where the clay was de-
posited into the dies or moulds that were formed in or fixed to the revolving
table, and whence it was removed by means of pistons or moveable bottoms
that forced up the brick out of the mould after it had passed from under the
pug mill.
1
Now my
Invention has for its object a more perfect and simple means of
filling the moulds and of removing the bricks from the same when made. For.
this
purpose, instead of arranging the rotating table to pass beneath the bottom
of the pug mill, I form a box projecting from and communicating with the
bottom of the latter, beneath the open bottom of which box the rotating
table with the dies or moulds passes. Through the top of the box a hammer.
or ram is made to work up and down by any suitable means, so as to cause
the clay to fill the moulds in a perfect manner. The moulds are placed loose
upon the table, which forms the bottom of the same, so that when the moulds
pass from under the filling box (the edge of which scrapes the upper surface
level), they are removed from the table by hand, and the moulded brick is
turned out of them in the same manner as is the case, with hand-made bricks.
The table may receive the requisite rotary motion, either by band or from the
pug mill shaft by means of an endless chain passing round pullies fixed.
respectively upon the pug mill shaft, and upon the spindle carrying the table
and the pug mill shaft may also be made to actuate the before-mentioned
hammer or ram, either by tappets upon the former which move a bell crank
lever, to which the latter is connected, or by cans or other suitable means.

page_text: Figure 1 on the accompanying Drawing shews a plan, and Figure 2 shows
a sectional elevation of the arrangement which I prefer to employ. A is the
pug mill, the shaft B, with stirrers C of which are either worked by a horse
winn D, or by gearing from a steam engine; E is the revolving mould table,
carried by the spindle F, and receiving motion from the pug mill shaft by
means of a chain passing round grooved pullies, as shown, or by other means.
All round this table are formed or fixed projections G, corresponding in form
and dimensions to that of the under side of the bricks, and fitting upon these
projections are the removable moulds H, open at top and bottom, the sides
being provided with segmental flanges at top so as to fit against each other
without leaving interstices. Figures 3 and 4 show respectively a plan and
section of one of these moulds detached. As the table E rotates in the direc-
tion of the arrow these moulds are carried successively beneath the open
bottom of the box I, projecting from and communicating with the pug mill.
As the material for forming the bricks passes from the pug mill into this box,
and thence into the moulds, a stamper or ram J is caused to work up and
down in the box, and thus presses the brick material into the moulds; this
ram is attached to and receives motion from a bell crank level K (of which a
detached front view is shewn at Figure 5) working upon a pin k fixed to the
pug mill. A reciprocating motion is imparted to this bell crank lever by
means of tappets 1, 1, on the circumference of a wheel L, fixed to and
rotating with the pug mill shaft, such tappets being made to move in the
direction of the arrow, and thus to depress the vertical arm K' of the lever,
whereby also the ram J is pressed downwards, whilst after each tappet has passed
the balance weight L' raises the lever K and also the ram J into their original
positions. The table H is supported whilst passing beneath the box I
by means of rollers M. In order to prevent the escape of the brick material
from the box I otherwise than into the moulds, the front i, as also the side
of the same are made moveable so as to rest upon the moulds, whereby the
latter is made to scrape the material off the moulds as they pass from under
the box. Also the part a of the bottom of the pug mill is attached by
means of a hinge and rests upon the outer edges of the moulds for preventing
the escape of the material. As the filled moulds pass from under the box I,
they are removed from the table and replaced by empty moulds, and the
formed bricks are then turned out of the moulds by hand.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the best means I am
acquainted with of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that what
I claim is, constructing machinery or apparatus for making bricks in which the

page_text: moulds are removeable from the revolving table, and are made to pass under-
neath a box projecting from the pug mill, in which box a stamper,
hammer,
or ram is caused to work up and down for the purpose of pressing the
material into the moulds.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Chambers, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES CHAMBERS. (L.S.)