Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Carpets, Rugs, and other Looped or Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 25th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 27th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Carpets,
Rugs, and other Looped or Pile Fabrics.
We, GIULIO MARCHETTI and HENRY NORMAN MELLOR, both of Dean Clough
Mills, Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in or connected with the manufacture of
carpets, rugs and other looped or pile fabrics in which the loops or pile are or is
formed by means of wires which are inserted in the shed and withdrawn from the
fabric by mechanical means, and which wires require to be lubricated.
In order to lubricate the wires it has been customary during the withdrawal or
insertion of the wires (or both) to pass them through a brush or brushes moistened
or charged with oil from time to time. The wires during the passage through the
brush or brushes take up portions of the oil held by the brush or brushes and the oil
thus taken up by the wires lubricates them and enables them to be more easily
withdrawn from the fabric reducing the friction upon the wires and preventing them
from getting hot.
As the brush or brushes is or are usually moistened or charged by hand it has
been found difficult to insure regularity in the quantity of oil which is applied to the
brush or brushes from time to time, so that when, too much oil has been applied to the
brush or brushes too much oil has been taken up by the wires and transferred by
them to the fabric, to the detriment of the fabric especially where the fabric is
composed of light coloured material, the superfluous oil frequently impairing the
colour of and soiling the fabric and causing dust to adhere to it.
It has also been found that immediately after the brush or brushes has or have
been moistened or charged with oil, a larger quantity of oil is taken up by the wires
than at a later period and that the quantity of oil taken up by the wires gradually
decreases until the brush or brushes has or have been again moistened or charged
with oil.
Unless the wires take up a sufficient quantity of oil it becomes difficult to withdraw
them from the fabric and they become hot and the surface of the fabric is liable to
injury thereby.
In place of the brush or brushes alluded to above "tufts" or "tassels" of worsted
or other material are sometimes used.
Our invention has for object to avoid the above objections and for this purpose
instead of applying oil to the wires, as hitherto, we make use of a suitable solid
lubricant applied to the wires during their insertion or withdrawal (or both), by
means of suitable mechanical contrivances so constructed and arranged that a regular
supply of the solid lubricant is applied to the wires thereby reducing friction and
rendering the withdrawal of the wires easy and avoiding risk of injury to the
fabric.
In practice we have found that good results are obtained by using solid paraffine.
Dated the 3rd day of April 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Carpets,
Rugs, and other Looped or Pile Fabrics.
We GIULIO MARCHETTI, and HENRY NORMAN MELLOR, both of Dean Clough
Mills Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in or connected with the manufacture of
carpets, rugs and other looped or pile fabrics in which the loops or pile are or is
formed by means of wires which are inserted in the shed and withdrawn from the
fabric by mechanical means, and which wires require to be lubricated.
In order to lubricate the wires it has been customary during the withdrawal
or insertion of the wires (or both) to pass them through a brush or brushes
moistened or charged with oil from time to time. The wires during the passage
through the brush or brushes take up portions of the oil held by the brush or brushes
and the oil thus taken up by the wires lubricates them and enables them to be more
easily withdrawn from the fabric, reducing the friction upon the wires and preventing
them from getting hot.
Difficulties have been experienced in the use of oil as a lubricant owing among
other causes to its liquid character.
As the brush or brushes is or are usually moistened or charged by hand it has been
found difficult to insure regularity in the quantity of oil which is applied to the
brush or brushes from time to time, so that, when too much oil has been applied to
the brush or brushes, too much oil has been taken up by the wires and transferred by
them to the fabric to the detriment of the fabric especially where the fabric is
composed of light coloured material, the superfluous oil frequently impairing the
colour of and soiling the fabric and causing dust to adhere to it.
It has also been found that immediately after the brush or brushes has or have
been moistened or charged with oil, a larger quantity of oil is taken up by the wires
than at a later period and that the quantity of oil taken up by the wires gradually
decreases until the brush or brushes has or have been again inoistened or charged
with oil.
Unless the wires take up a sufficient quantity of oil it becomes difficult to withdraw
them from the fabric and they become hot and the surface of the fabric is liable to
injury thereby.
In place of the brush or brushes alluded to above "tufts" ог "tassels" of worsted
or other material are sometimes used.
Our invention has for object the avoidance of the above objections and for this
purpose instead of applying oil or like liquid lubricant to the wires as hitherto we
make use of a suitable lubricant of a practically solid character or consistency which
we apply to the wires during their insertion or withdrawal (or both) by means of
suitable mechanical contrivances such as those hereinafter mentione heing so
constructed and arranged that a regular supply of the solid lubricant is applied to the
wires thereby reducing friction and rendering the withdrawal of the wires easy and
avoiding risk of injury to the fabric.
In practice we have found that good results are obtained by using paraffine in a
solid form.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we have illustrated in the
accompanying drawings arrangements of apparatus which we have found to answer
well in practice for effecting the lubrication of the wires by applying a solid lubricant
thereto.
We will first describe by reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 the arrangement for
effecting the lubrication of the top of the wire as it is withdrawn from the fabric.
In these figures,
Figure 1 is a front view of part of a loom with the apparatus applied thereto, and,
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.

page_text: Figure 3 is a front view of part of the said loom and of the apparatus drawn to a
larger scale.
Figure 4 is an end view, and
Figure 5 is a plan of Figure 3.
a represents one of the wires employed to form the loop or pile of the fabric, a¹ is
the head of the said wire and is the hook employed to withdraw the wires from the
fabric, all the said parts being of the usual construction.
c represents the solid lubricant which we find it advantageous to employ in a
cylindrical form and which we hereinafter term the lubricating cylinder.
Through the centre of the lubricating cylinder c is a hole sufficiently large to allow
the said cylinder to revolve freely upon the stud d. The lower portion of the stud d
is flattened and turned at right angles so that the lubricating cylinder is prevented
from falling from the stud.
The upper portion of the stud d is provided with a screw-thread upon which the
regulating nuts e, e are screwed, so that the stud d can be raised and lowered at will.
fis a bent lever pivotted on the centre 9 which centre g forms part of the bracket h
attached to the slide i. A curved arm j is attached to the lever f.
The hook is attached to the slide box k, which box slides on the slide i and is
operated in any well known manner such as by means of a link connected to the
lever m, the said lover being pivotted at p and connected to the revolving disc o by
the adjustable link n.
When the slide box k carrying the hook is approaching the wires it comes in
contact with the curved arm j and, pressing the said curved arm on one side as it
advances, it causes the bent lever to rise and thereby raise the lubricating cylinder c
until they both assume the position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 4. The
stud d and the lubricating cylinder c are thus moved out of the way and allow the
hook to pass as it approaches the fabric, and the stud d and lubricating cylinder c
are maintained in this position until the box k is withdrawn sufficiently far from the
fabric to release the curved arm by which time the hook and the wire-head a' have
passed the lubricating cylinder c.
When the curved arm j is released the stud d descends until the bottom of the
lubricating cylinder c comes in contact with the top of the wire a and as the said wire
is withdrawn from the fabric the top of it is lubricated by its contact with the lubri-
cating cylinder c which is caused to revolve by the friction of the wire a as the wire is
withdrawn from the fabric.
This revolving motion of the lubricating cylinder c assists the lubrication of the
wire and effects economy in consumption of the lubricant by causing the lubricating
cylinder to wear evenly away instead of wearing into grooves.
As the bottom of the lubricating cylinder worn away by the action of the wire,
the said cylinder gradually descends upon the stud d so as to give a regular supply of
the solid lubricant to the wires.
We have hitherto spoken of our lubricating cylinder as though it were in one piece ;
in some cases, however, we find it convenient to build it up of rings so that, as one of
these rings is worn away by the action of the wires another ring can be placed on the
stud d thus preventing any serious variation in the weight of the lubricating cylinder
and ensuring a regular supply of the solid lubricant to the wires.
In practice we have found that the above described method of using a solid lubricant
gives very satisfactory results but it will be obvious that it may be applied both to the
top and to the bottom of the wires and also to the sides thereof, and that the solid
lubricant, instead of being applied during the withdrawal of the wires, may be applied
during their insertion or during both their withdrawal and insertion.
We will therefore proceed to describe suitable arrangements for applying the
lubricant to the wires in the said several ways:-
Figure 6 is a side elevation,
Figure 7 is a plan view, and
Figure 8 is an end elevation of an arrangement for applying solid lubricant to the
wires during their insertion into the fabric.

page_text: In these figures a' is a support secured by suitable means to the framing of the loom
and carrying a tube 61. The lubricating cylinder is in this arrangement formed in two
separate parts c and c', the upper part c moving freely in the tube 6', while the lower
part c' is carried by a circular box d' on the support a². The box d¹ is provided with
a false bottom which can be raised as required by means of the regulating screw g¹
thus raising the portion of solid lubricant c' as required. a represents one of the
wires.
When a wire has been withdrawn from the fabric its point is carried over by the
carrier in the well known manner until the portion of the wire adjoining the point is
inserted between the two portions c and c¹ of solid lubricant, and the wire during its
insertion passes for the greater part of its length between these two portions of solid
lubricant.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of an arrangement for applying the solid lubricant to
one side of the wires during their withdrawal from the fabric; and
Figure 10 is a plan view, and
Figure 11 is an end view of the same arrangement.
Figures 11 and 11 are views of a detail.
1
6 is a slotted tube suitably fixed in the loom in such a position that one end of it is
opposite one end of the wire a nearest to the front of the loom. c is the lubricating
cylinder sliding freely in the tube 61. c², care ring-shaped ends or eyes of a bar f
shewn detached at Figures 11ª and 11. On a pin fixed to the said bar is a disc e¹,
which disc can revolve and slide freely in a tube b' as the bar f¹ slides in the slots *,
in the sides of the tube b¹. To the eyes c², 2 of the bar flare attached cords g³,
which pass over pulleys, h¹ suitably fixed to the loom and attached to a rod j¹
carrying a weight. The weight ¹ causes the disc e' to press against one end of the
lubricating cylinder c and as the said cylinder slides freely in the tube ¹ the other
end is pressed against one side of one of the wires a until this wire is withdrawn. On
the withdrawal of the wire the lubricating cylinder c is pressed against the next wire
until that is withdrawn so that the lubricating cylinder is pressed against one side of
each wire in turn during its withdrawal.
Figure 12 is an end elevation shewing an arrangement for applying solid lubricant
to the top and bottom of the wires during their withdrawal from the fabric.
Figure 13 is an elevation of the same looking from the back of the loom.
Figure 14 is a plan view, and
Figure 15 is an elevation of the same looking from the interior of the loom, and in
this figure some of the parts are shewn in a different position to that indicated
in Figures 12, 13 and 14.
a³ is a rail of the loom, i is the wire motion slide, k is the slide box carrying the
hook b, upon which hook are two swells and d³, which swells come in contact with
projections and d³ respectively when the hook approaches the wire heads a', a¹.
u and vare
and are brackets secured to the rail a³ and connected at their extremities by the
hinges m³ and n¹ to plates o¹ and p' respectively; the said plates carry projections 6³
and d³. In a circular hole in each of these plates revolve boxes ¹ and d¹ which carry
the lubricating cylinders c and c¹ and to the bottom of the said boxes are secured
square pegs 7,9 indicated by dotted lines, which square pegs pass through corresponding
square holes through the centres of the lubricating cylinders c and c¹. Upon these
pegs the lubricating cylinders e and c can work freely up and down.
spiral springs which always keep the lubricating cylinders pressed against the bent
extremities of the guards and a which are bent for the purpose of preventing the
said lubricating cylinders from being pushed too far from the boxes by the said spiral
springs. The square pegs q, engaging in the square holes of the lubricating
cylinders c and c cause the said cylinders to revolve with the boxes and d¹ which
are held in their proper positions by springs y and z. The hook is actuated by any
of the well known methods and on approaching the wire-heads a', a' the swells ³
and come in contact with the projections and d³ respectively and force the two
plates of and p carrying the boxes 61, d¹ apart, as shewn in Figure 15, and keep them
apart until the hook 6 and the wire-head a' hooked to it have passed between them,

page_text: when the plates o' and p¹ are released and the lubricating cylinders c and c¹ resume
their position and coming in contact with the top and bottom of the wire a lubricate it
throughout the greater part of its length.
The guards wo and a are secured to the plates o¹ and p¹ and are arranged on each
side of the course of the wire a so as not to come in contact with it. At their opposite
extremities from the plates o¹ and p¹ the said guards are bent at right angles so as to
prevent the lubricating cylinders from being forced too far out of the boxes b' and d'.
In order to cause the lubricating cylinders to revolve and thereby ensure a
regular supply of the solid lubricant; the boxes 6' and d' are provided with ratchet
wheels b, respectively. Upon the hook b are two pins 6, do which pins are in such
a position that every time the hook 6 approaches the fabric to withdraw a wire the
said pins come in contact with the said ratchet wheels and partly revolve them
and thereby the lubricating cylinders c and c also, thus presenting from time to
time a different part of the surface of the said lubricating cylinders to the action of the
The ratchet-wheels, d prevent the boxes 61, d¹ from passing too far
through the circular holes in the plates o¹, p' and the guards wo and allow the said
ratchet-wheels and the said boxes to revolve freely but are bent so as to keep the
ratchet wheels against the plates o¹ and p¹, thereby preventing the boxes b', d¹ from
being displaced from the said plates.
wires a, a.
It is obvious that the lubricating mechanism hereinbefore described may be readily
adapted so as to enable a solid lubricant to be applied to the wires both while they are
being inserted and during their withdrawal again as above indicated.
lubricant may be applied above or below or on one or both sides of the wires.
A solid
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The method herein described of lubricating the wires in looms for weaving
carpets, rugs and other looped or pile fabrics in which the loops or pile are or is formed
by means of wires which are inserted in the shed and withdrawn from the fabric by
mechanical means, such method consisting in the use of a lubricant of a solid character
or consistency applied to the wires by mechanical means, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. The use of a lubricant of a solid character or consistency applied by mechanical
means to the wires during their withdrawal or insertion or both, substantially as
herein before described.
3. The combination with a loom of the kind herein described for weaving carpets,
rugs and other looped or pile fabrics, of mechanism for applying to the wires a lubricant
of a solid character or consistency, the said mechanism being arranged and operating,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The use for applying a lubricant of a solid character or consistency to the wires
of looms for weaving carpets, rugs, and other looped or pile fabrics of the several
arrangements of mechanism hereinbefore described and illustrated respectively in
Figures 1 to 5, 6 to 8, 9 to 11 and 12 to 15 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The use for lubricating the wires in looms for weaving carpets, rugs and other
looped or pile fabrics of a lubricant of a solid character or consistency in the form of a
cylinder or cylinders adapted to be rotated while lubricating the wires, substantially
as herein before described.
6. The manufacture of carpets, rugs and other looped or pile fabrics in a loom the
wires of which are lubricated by the application thereto of a lubricant of a solid
character or consistency, substantially in the manner and for the purposes, set forth.
Dated the 25th dow of Amonst 1900.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.