IMPROVEMENT IN CRANK AXLES FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We HENRY LINNEY of 58 & 60 Cornwall Street Higher Openshaw in the
County of Lancaster Forgeman and THOMAS WILLIAM LAWSON of 275 Rochdale
Road Manchester in the County of Lancaster Mineral and Aerated Water
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENT
IN CRANK AXLES FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES to be as follows:-
Where the web and journal of the ordinary crank the grain of which runs in a
line with the shaft or axle (which we consider is the cause of so many breakages)
there shall be so layed a quantity of layes and billet worked or cross faggoted into
the web of the crank that we consider it almost impossible to break with the
ordinary strain that the web and journal of the crank is at present required to
bear its construction being such as to cause the fibre to run in a line with the web
or sweep of the crank thus giving strength to that portion of the crank where it is
most needed to bear the strain when in motion, with a billet worked into the cross
fibre to form the journal thus making the whole of the crank axle fibrous.
J
1004

page_text: HENRY LINNEY of 58 & 60 Cornwall Street Higher Openshaw in the County
of Lancaster Forgeman and THOMAS WILLIAM LAWSON of 275 Rochdale Road
Manchester in the County of Lanca-ter Mineral and Aérated Water Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENT IN CRANK AXLE
FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, referance being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and
marks thereon:-
Now this invention consists in forging the Crank Axle in several portions by
which means we are enabled to have the grain or fibre of the iron running in the
different directions as best suited to bear the different strains when in motion and
we are also enabled to dispense with twisting the iron in order to obtain the right
angles except in such cases where it is absolutely unavoidable. And in order that
our invention may be more clearly understood reference is given to the accompanying
drawings and to the letters and marks thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1. is a view of the forging shewing the shaft (A) rounded and the two
portions (B) drawn out tapering at right angles to each other.
Fig. 2. represents the layers (C) shewing the recess or groove (D).
Fig. 3. is a view of the billet or bar of iron (E) which forms the journal.
Fig. 4. is a view of the complete crank axle forging when it is all welded
together and ready for finishing.
In all the above mentioned drawings the shading lines are drawn in the direction
of the grain or fibre of the iron.*
In carrying out our invention we first take a piece of iron and forge or draw it
out in the usual way to form the shaft or axle (A) leaving sufficient metal at two
positions which we afterwards draw out tapering and at right angles to each other
thus forming the two portions (B) to receive the layers (C) which we next forge
with the fibre or grain running lengthwise and of sufficient length and tapered to
enable us to belt or clip them round the tapered portion (B) of the shaft, In these
layers (C) we form a recess or groove at any required distance by means of a V or
other suitable tool, in order to receive the billet or bar of iron (E) of sufficient sizo
to form the journal of the crank.
We now get the tapered portion (B) of the shaft and also the layers (C) and
billet or bar (E) of sufficient heat to enable us to tack the whole together, it is
then placed into the furnace and when of a welding heat it is brought under
pressure to form the whole into a solid crank with the grain or fibre running in
different directions in order to obtain the greatest strength from the metal.
This operation may be effected by hammer hydraulic or other pressure.
Although in nearly all cases in which crank axles are made with our system of
forging, it will not be necessary to twist the iron in order to obtain the right angles
yet in some incidental cases where the distance between the sweeps or cranks is so
small that it may be impossible to forge them without twisting, on account of the
difficulty of turning them in a furnace as at present used.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
wo claim is:-
First Forging the shaft or axle with the projections B. B. at right angles where
the cranks are required substantially as herein set forth and shown in the
accompanying drawings which we declare can be done in nearly every case
without twisting to get the right angle.
Secondly Forging the layers with the fibre or grain running in an opposite
direction to the fibre of the shaft but in a line with the sweep or crank and with
a recess or groove formed to receive the billet or bar with its fibre or grain running
in a parallel direction to the shaft to form the journal substantially as herein sot
forth and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly Forging or forming the complete crank axle with the grain or fibre
running in different directions in order to give greater strength and tenacity to
those parts of the crank axle where it is most needed, to bear the strain when
in motion, than has hitherto been obtained by the ordinary mode of forging,
substantially as herein set forth and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of Sentember 1884
HENRY LINNEY.
THOMAS WILLIAM LAWSON.