IMPROVÉ MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE, WHICH LATTER ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Galloway and George Plant, both of Man
chester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVÉ
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR THAT PURPOSE, WHICH LATTER ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES,"
Sealed the 31st December 1867, and dated the 3rd July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Galloway and
George Plant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd July 1867.
We, WILLIAM GALLOWAY and GEORGE PLANT, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE, WHICH LATTER ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to an improved mode of and apparatus for
manufacturing welded tapering tubes. For this purpose we first heat the
skelp or metal for forming the tube in a smith's fire in which there are two
tuyeres, or two rows of tuyeres arranged opposite to each other, so as effectually
to heat the skelp which is placed between the two rows. Furthermore, in
place of employing the ordinary form of water tuyeres for this purpose we
construct a reservoir for the water, by preference of a strong form, and closed
at the back of the fire, and from this are made to project into the fire one or
more annular pipes, into the central space of which the blast is conducted by
pipes in connection therewith, and whence the blast passes into the fire through

page_text: one or more rows of side openings formed by short tubes passing through the
annular spaces of the pipes. These annular spaces communicate with the
water reservoir, so that the water is mhile to oirculate through the pipes, and
thus to keep them sufficiently cool. These pipes may be so arranged that two
or more thereof may direct the blast which proceeds from them into the
centre, or such other point in the fire as may be deemed advisable. The
skelp, which has been bent into the requisite conical shape before heating in
the smith's fire as described, is then placed upon a tapering mandril of a
form corresponding with the interior of the tube when finished, after which it
is passed through a rolling mill, the rolls of which have tapering grooves of a
semicircular section corresponding with the form of the tube, and of a length
equal to or greater than that of the tube, so that in passing through such
grooves the seam of the tube becomes effectually welded by the pressure
exerted upon it between the rolls and the mandril.
The before described arrangement of smiths' fires may be advantageously
employed for other purposes than for the manufacture of tapering tubes. The
water reservoir in connection therewith may also be made use of as a steam
boiler.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Galloway and George Plant in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and GEORGE PLANT, both of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Galloway and George Plant Her special licence that we,
the said William Galloway and George Plant, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Galloway and
George Plant, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES, AND. IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE, WHICH; LATTER ARE: PARTLY. APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Galloway and Gĕölge
Plant, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Galloway and George Plant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
Our Invention has reference to an improved mode of and apparatus for
manufacturing welded tapering tubes. For this purpose we first heat the
skelp or metal for forming the tube in a smith's fire, in which there are two
tuyeres, or two rows of tuyeres arranged opposite to each other, so as
effectually to heat the skelp which is placed between the two rows. Further-
more, in place of employing the ordinary form of water tuyeres for this
purpose we construct a reservoir for the water, by preference of a strong form,
and closed at the back of the fire, and from this are made to project into the
fire one or more annular pipes, into the central space of which the blast is
conducted by pipes in connection therewith, and whence the blast passes into
the fire through one or more rows of side openings formed by short tubes
passing through the annular spaces of the pipes. These annular spaces com-
municate with the water reservoir, so that the water is made to circulate
through the pipes, and thus to keep them sufficiently cool. These pipes may
be so arranged that two or more thereof may direct the blast which proceeds
from them into the centre, or such other point in the fire as may be deemed
advisable. The skelp, which has been bent into the requisite conical shape
before heating in the smith's fire as described, is then placed upon a tapering
mandril of a form corresponding with the interior of the tube when finished,
after which it is passed through a rolling mill, the rolls of which have tapering
grooves of a semicircular section corresponding with the form of the tube,
and of a length equal to or greater than that of the tube, so that in passing
through such grooves the seam of the tube becomes effectually welded by the
pressure exerted upon it between the rolls and the mandril.
:

page_text: Trillherbefore described arrangement of smiths' fires: may be advantageously
employed for other purposes than for the manufacture of tapering tubes: The
water reservoir, in connection therewith may also be made use of as a steam
boiler..
On the accompanying Drawings are shown various arrangements of smiths'
fires constructed according to our Invention for heating tubes and other
objects.
Figures 1 to 6, on Sheet I., show one arrangement; Figure 1 shows a
longitudinal section through the same; Figure 2 shows a sectional plan on
line X, X, Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a transverse section on line Y, Y,
Figure 1 and Figure 4 shows a transverse section on line Z, Z, Figure 1;
Figure 5 shows a transverse section of the water chamber C; and Figure 6
shows a part full-size section of one of the tuyeres. Similar letters of reference
indicate similar parts in each of the Figures..
;
A is the bed of the fire. On each side of this bed are arranged two annular
tubes B, B, each composed of two concentric tubes a and b, of which the outer
tube a communicates with the cylindrical water chamber C at the back of the
fire, so that the water in the latter is made to circulate through the annular
space between the inner and outer tubes. The inner tubes b pass through the
water chamber C, and at the back of the same they are connected to the blast
pipes D, the blast from which consequently passes through these tubes, from
which it passes into the fire on the bed A through a row of apertures c
traversing the annular water space between the tubes. In order to regulate
the blast according to the requirements of the tube or other article to be
heated, moveable pistons E may be placed in the tubes b actuated by means
of rods e passing through the plugs F, closing the ends of the tubes b, so that
by moving such pistons farther from or nearer to the ends of the tubes a
greater or less number of the blast apertures c will be cut off, and the blast
thus be more or less restricted. The cylindrical water chamber C is formed
with a recessed part G, in order that access may be gained to the fire from the
back. This water chamber may be forined of such a size and provided with
suitable fittings to act as a steam boiler; but in order to effect a more perfect
circulation of the water and liberation of the steam generated in the tubes B,
as also in order the more perfectly to utilize the heat from the fire, we prefer
to arrange a second water chamber H at a convenient height from the fire
provided with fittings as a steam boiler, which communicates with the
chamber C by means of pipes I, I, and with the front end of the water space
of the tuyere pipes B by means of other pipes J, J, these pipes I and J
serving at the same time as supports to the boiler H. The latter is provided

page_text: with flues K, K, traversing the water and steam spaces through which the
smoke and flames or hot gases from the fire pass.
Figure Ga shows a transverse section of an arrangement in which the entire
hearth A is formed as a water chamber, through which pass the pipes b
conveying the blast, arranged as previously described.
Figures 7 to 10, on Sheet II. of the Drawings, show another arrangement
of our improved smith's fire; Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of the
saime; Figure 8 shows a sectional plan on line X, X, Figure 7; Figure 9
shows a transverse section on line Y, Y, Figure 7; and Figure 10 shows a
transverse section on line Z, Z, Figure 7. This arrangement is in most
respects similar to the before described one, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts. The main difference consists in this, that in
place of the circulation of water in the tuyere pipes B being insured by
their connection to the overhead boiler H, the water chamber C (which in this
case is formed rectangular, and may be of cast iron,) is provided with other
pipes L, L, situated at the back of the tuyere pipes, serving to connect the
extremities of the water spaces of these with the water chamber C, and thus
effecting a perfect circulation of the water. The steam boiler H is carried in
this case upon supports I, J, which do not effect any intercommunication
between it and the water spaces of the chamber C and pipe B, the supports I
being merely carried through the cover of the former, so as to rest securely on
the bottom thereof. In order the more effectually to utilize the heat from the
fire the boiler H is in this case provided with pendant water tubes h, h, of
well-known arrangement.
Figures 11 to 14 show our improved mode of welding taper tubes by
rolling; Figure 11 shows a front elevation of the rolling mill; Figures 12
and 13 show side views of the same; and Figure 14 shows a transverse
section of the rolls, together with the tube and tapering mandril. The
rolls A, A, carried by the framing B, B, are formed with tapering grooves,
as shown, corresponding with the external tapering diameter of the tube C.
This when taken from the fire is placed upon the tapering mandril D, which
is of a tapering form corresponding with the internal tapering form of the
tube when finished. The tube is then passed together with the mandril
through the rolls, the pressure of which effectually welds up the seam. In
order to cause the rolls to work truly together they are geared together by
spur wheels E, E, and for adjusting their position for the commencement of
operations they are provided on the other side of the framing with ratchet
wheels F, F, actuated by pawls G, G, carried by the rocking lever H.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the arrangements of our improved smiths' fires herein-before
described with reference to the accompanying Drawings, as these only serve
to indicate some of the various modes in which our Invention may be carried
into effect; we would also state that we are aware that conical or tapering
tubes have before been welded by passing them between rolls having tapering
grooves, and we therefore in no way claim this generally; but what we claim
under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, welding conical or tapering tubes by first placing the skelp upon a
tapering mandril of a form corresponding with that of the interior of the tube
when finished, and then passing the same through a rolling mill, the rolls of
which have grooves of a tapering form and of a circumferential length equal
to or greater than the length of the tube.
Second, constructing smiths' fires for heating conical or other tubes or other
objects with two opposite tuyeres, or two opposite rows of tuyeres, arranged
and operating substantially as herein-before described.
Third, arranging in smiths' fires one or more annular pipes having apertures
serving as tuyeres, the annular water spaces of which pipes communicate with
one or more strong water chambers or steam boilers, arranged and operating
substantially as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Galloway and George Plant,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM NEWTON,
Cashier,
Knott Mill Iron Works.
WILLIAM GALLOWAY. (LS.)
GEORGE PLANT.
(L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Galloway and George Plant, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
PURPOSE, WHICH LATTER ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
FOR THAT
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 31st December 1867, and dated the 3rd July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Galloway and
George Plant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd July 1867.
We, WILLIAM GALLOWAY and GEORGE PLANT, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE, WHICH LATTER ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to an improved mode of and apparatus for
manufacturing welded tapering tubes. For this purpose we first heat the
skelp or metal for forming the tube in a smith's fire in which there are two
tuyeres, or two rows of tuyeres arranged opposite to each other, so as effectually
to heat the skelp which is placed between the two rows. Furthermore, in
place of employing the ordinary form of water tuyeres for this purpose we
construct a reservoir for the water, by preference of a strong form, and closed
at the back of the fire, and from this are made to project into the fire one or
more annular pipes, into the central space of which the blast is conducted by
pipes in connection therewith, and whence the blast passes into the fire through

page_text: one or more rows of side openings formed by short tubes passing through the
annular spaces of the pipes. These annular spaces communicate with the
water reservoir, so that the water is made to circulate through the pipes, and
thus to keep them sufficiently cool. These pipes may be so arranged that two
or more thereof may direct the blast which proceeds from them into the
centre, or such other point in the fire as may be deemed advisable. - The
skelp, which has been bent into the requisite conical shape before heating in
the smith's fire as described, is then placed upon a tapering mandril of a
form corresponding with the interior of the tube when finished, after which it
is passed through a rolling mill, the rolls of which have tapering grooves of a
semicircular section corresponding with the form of the tube, and of a length
equal to or greater than that of the tube, so that in passing through such
grooves the seam of the tube becomes effectually welded by the pressure
exerted upon it between the rolls and the mandril.
The before described arrangement of smiths' fires may be advantageously
employed for other purposes than for the manufacture of tapering tubes. The
water reservoir in connection therewith may also be made use of as a steam
boiler.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Galloway and George Plant in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and GEORGE PLANT, both of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Galloway and George Plant Her special licence that we,
the said William Galloway and George Plant, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Galloway and
George Plant, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED TUBES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE, WHICH LATTER ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Galloway and George
Plant, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Galloway and George Plant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
Our Invention has reference to an improved mode of and apparatus for
manufacturing welded tapering tubes. For this purpose we first heat the
skelp or metal for forming the tube in a smith's fire, in which there are two
tuyeres, or two rows of tuyeres arranged opposite to each other, so as
effectually to heat the skelp which is placed between the two rows. Further-
more, in place of employing the ordinary form of water tuyeres for this
purpose we construct a reservoir for the water, by preference of a strong form,
and closed at the back of the fire, and from this are made to project into the
fire one or more annular pipes, into the central space of which the blast is
conducted by pipes in connection therewith, and whence the blast passes into
the fire through one or more rows of side openings formed by short tubes
passing through the annular spaces of the pipes. These annular spaces com-
municate with the water reservoir, so that the water is made to circulate
through the pipes, and thus to keep them sufficiently cool. These pipes may
be so arranged that two or more thereof may direct the blast which proceeds
from them into the centre, or such other point in the fire as may be deemed
advisable. The skelp, which has been bent into the requisite conical shape
before heating in the smith's fire as described, is then placed upon a tapering
mandril of a form corresponding with the interior of the tube when finished,
after which it is passed through a rolling mill, the rolls of which have tapering
grooves of a semicircular section corresponding with the form of the tube,
and of a length equal to or greater than that of the tube, so that in passing
through such grooves the seam of the tube becomes effectually welded by the
pressure exerted upon it between the rolls and the mandril.

page_text: The before described arrangement of smiths' fires may be advantageously
employed for other purposes than for the manufacture of tapering tubes. The
water reservoir in connection therewith may also be made use of as a steam
. boiler.
On the accompanying Drawings are shown various arrangements of smiths'
fires constructed according to our Invention for heating tubes and other
objects.
Figures 1 to 6, on Sheet I., show one arrangement; Figure 1 shows a
longitudinal section through the same; Figure 2 shows a sectional plan on
line X, X, Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a transverse section on line Y, Y,
Figure 1; and Figure 4 shows a transverse section on line Z, Z, Figure 1 ;
Figure 5 shows a transverse section of the water chamber C; and Figure 6
shows a part full-size section of one of the tuyeres. Similar letters of reference
indicate similar parts in each of the Figures.
A is the bed of the fire. On each side of this bed are arranged two annular
tubes B, B, each composed of two concentric tubes a and b, of which the outer
tube a communicates with the cylindrical water chamber C at the back of the
fire, so that the water in the latter is made to circulate through the annular
space between the inner and outer tubes. The inner tubes 6 pass through the
water chamber C, and at the back of the same they are connected to the blast
pipes D, the blast from which consequently passes through these tubes, from
which it passes into the fire on the bed A through a row of apertures c
traversing the annular water space between the tubes. In order to regulate
the blast according to the requirements of the tube or other article to be
heated, noveable pistons E may be placed in the tubes 6 actuated by means
of rods e passing through the plugs F, closing the ends of the tubes b, so that
by moving such pistons farther from or nearer to the ends of the tubes 6 a
greater or less number of the blast apertures c will be cut off, and the blast
thus be more or less restricted. The cylindrical water chamber C is formed
with a recessed part G, in order that access may be gained to the fire from the
back. This water chamber may be formed of such a size and provided with
suitable fittings to act as a steam boiler; but in order to effect a more perfect
circulation of the water and liberation of the steam generated in the tubes B,
as also in order the more perfectly to utilize the heat from the fire, we prefer
to arrange a second water chamber H at a convenient height from the fire
provided with fittings as a steam boiler, which communicates with the
chamber C by means of pipes I, and with the front end of the water space
of the tuyere pipes B by means of other pipes J, J, these pipes I and J
serving at the same time as supports to the boiler H. The latter is provided

page_text: with flues K, K, traversing the water and steam spaces through which the
smoke and flames or hot gases from the fire pass.
Figure 6 shows a transverse section of an arrangement in which the entire
hearth A is formed as a water chamber, through which pass the pipes b
conveying the blast, arranged as previously described.
Figures 7 to 10, on Sheet II. of the Drawings, show another arrangement
of our improved smith's fire; Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of the
same; Figure 8 shows a sectional plan on line X, X, Figure 7; Figure 9
shows a transverse section on line Y, Y, Figure 7; and Figure 10 shows a
transverse section on line Z, Z, Figure 7. This arrangement is in most
respects similar to the before described one, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts. The main difference consists in this, that in
place of the circulation of water in the tuyere pipes B being insured by
their connection to the overhead boiler H, the water chamber C (which in this
case is formed rectangular, and may be of cast iron,) is provided with other
pipes L, L., situated at the back of the tuyere pipes, serving to connect the
extremities of the water spaces of these with the water chamber C, and thus
effecting a perfect circulation of the water. The steam boiler H is carried in
this case upon supports I, J, which do not effect intercommunication
between it and the water spaces of the chamber C and pipe B, the supports I
being merely carried through the cover of the former, so as to rest securely on
the bottom thereof. In order the more effectually to utilize the heat from the
fire the boiler H is in this case provided with pendant water tubes h, h, of
well-known arrangement.
any
Figures 11 to 14 show our improved mode of welding taper tubes by
rolling; Figure 11 shows a front elevation of the rolling mill; Figures 12
and 13 show side views of the same; and Figure 14 shows a transverse
section of the rolls, together with the tube and tapering mandril. The
rolls A, A, carried by the framing B, B, are formed with tapering grooves,
as shown, corresponding with the external tapering diameter of the tube C.
This when taken from the fire is placed upon the tapering mandril D, which
is of a tapering form corresponding with the internal tapering form of the
tube when finished. The tube is then passed together with the mandril
through the rolls, the pressure of which effectually welds up the seam.
order to cause the rolls to work truly together they are geared together by
spur wheels E, E, and for adjusting their position for the commencement of
operations they are provided on the other side of the framing with ratchet
wheels F, F, actuated by pawls G, G, carried by the rocking lever H.
In
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the arrangements of our improved smiths' fires herein-before
described with reference to the accompanying Drawings, as these only serve
to indicate some of the various modes in which our Invention may be carried
into effect; we would also state that we are aware that conical or tapering
tubes have before been welded by passing them between rolls having tapering
grooves, and we therefore in no way claim this generally; but what we claim
under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, welding conical or tapering tubes by first placing the skelp upon a
tapering mandril of a form corresponding with that of the interior of the tube
when finished, and then passing the same through a rolling mill, the rolls of
which have grooves of a tapering form and of a circumferential length equal
to or greater than the length of the tube.
Second, constructing smiths' fires for heating conical or other tubes or other
objects with two opposite tuyeres, or two opposite rows of tuyeres, arranged
and operating substantially as herein-before described.
Third, arranging in smiths' fires one or more annular pipes having apertures
scrving as tuyeres, the annular water spaces of which pipes communicate with
one or more strong water chambers or steam boilers, arranged and operating
substantially as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Galloway and George Plant,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM NEWTON,
Cashier,
Knott Mill Iron Works.
WILLIAM GALLOWAY. (L.S.)
GEORGE PLANT.
(L.S.)