Aëration of Liquids, and for Supplying the Liquids so Aërated.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 12th Oct., 1888
Aëration of Liquids, and for Supplying the Liquids so Aërated.
I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX, of 433 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for generating, preparing, and applying gases for
the aeration of liquids and for supplying the liquids so aërated, either directly into
glasses for immediate consumption, or into bottles or other receptacles for future use.
The apparatus may take a portable form or be arranged as a permanent installation.
In its portable form the apparatus consists of a vessel adapted to hold the liquid to
be aerated, a neck piece attached to the vessel and through which the latter is filled
and its contents drawn off. A smaller vessel is provided in which the gas is generated,
and in some cases prepared by washing with suitable mcans for attaching the vessel to
the neck piece; and through it the gas is led into the vessel in which the liquid is
aërated.
Instead of generating the gas directly in a part of the apparatus, the gas may be
This vessel may
generated elsewhere and compressed or stored in a suitable vessel.
be attached directly to the neck piece in place of the generating vessel, before
mentioned; and the liquid or compressed gas applied to the aëration of the liquid
contained in the first named vessel. Where the gas is generated directly in the gas
vessel of the apparatus, it may, if suitable for the purpose, he passed directly into the
aërating or supply vessel or be passed through a washer which forms, either a part
of the generating vessel, or else a separate vessel in itself; means of attachment being
provided to make the required connections.
The vessels and other parts of the apparatus are made of any suitable metal or alloys.
Usually, the vessels are made of drawn copper or steel, weldless, and preferably of one
piece, bottle shaped, and with a solid end; or tubular, with the ends suitably forined
and adapted to withstand the high pressure required for the object in view. The
aurating or supply vessel is inverted, when in position, so that the neck is downward,

page_text: and is there attached to the neck piece. This neck piece is provided with pivots bearing
upon a frame which carries the apparatus, and admits of movement upon them as
centres, to make the gas "lively;" while they are so placed as to provide for the
equilibrium of the inverted vessel. Attached to the neck piece is a suitable draw off
valve, and a means for filling the supply vessel with the liquid to be aërated; although
in the smaller forms of the apparatus I may use the draw off orifice for both purposes.
The nozzle of the draw off valve is preferably so attached that it may be turned upward
and so formed at the end, as to be adapted for bottling purposes; while in the ordinary
or downward direction, it is used for drawing off the aurated liquid into glasses for
immediate consumption. The interior of the draw off valve is also arranged so that
the gas used may be thoroughly mixed with the liquid in the act of drawing off.
The aërating vessel is filled with water or other liquid to be aürated by turning it
over upon its pivots into a horizontal position; and the liquid is supplied either
through a special orifice for the purpose, (afterwards to be tightly closed); or
through the draw off valve, the outer part being removed to enable this to be done.
Another orifice is provided in the square neck piece through which the gas is admitted
from the generating, washing, or store bottle or vessel, as the case may be, and
clamping or coupling devices used to make the necessary connections.
In some
cases I provide one or more ball valves, or other form of valve, to open in one
direction, and the gas having a pressure greater than the weight of liquid and
valve, forces its way into the aërating vessel, through the inverted neck, and passing
in its course through the liquid to establish equilibrium of pressure in the interior.
Suitable deflecting plates, or wire net work, may be used to assist in the diffusion
of the gas.
Means are provided for shutting off the gas pressure where required.
The gas vessel is of a similar kind to that employed for the supply vessel, and
also has a neck piece, arranged so as to be capable of attachment to that of the
supply vessel; or one neck piece may he used for both vessels. The gas vessel is
usually much smaller than the other vessel, unless wanted to carry a large amount
of gas, and is suspended in the ordinary way with the neck piece upward, and
may partake of the movement, above described, for the agitation of the aurated
liquid, and for increased generation of gas.
The gas, generated, may be produced in any known manner. If sulphuric acid
and whitening are used, and in other cases, the gas may be washed by causing it
to pass through water; or through or over moistened solid material adapted to
cleanse tho gas of impurities. A's before stated, this process may be conducted in
one or more vessels, suitable valves, or connections being provided between and in
the vessels for the charging of the same, and for the direction, passage and control of
the gas; and in some cases I may use ball valves in this part of the apparatus,
also.
For permanent installations, which are usually of larger proportions, I may either
use larger vessels, or use several collectively of a smaller size, for the above described
purposes; with suitable connections. Even in the portable form of apparatus, I may
use more than one supply or aërating vessel with the same gas supply vessels ; in order
that a charged vessel may always be available. I may also separate the gas supply
part of the apparatus, from the aërating vessel or vessels, to a greater extent than that
indicated above; so that the latter portion of the apparatus may be placed upon a
counter or table; while the former is arranged beneath, with suitable pipe connections
between instead of the self contained arrangement already described.
:
In the smaller sizes of the apparatus, the washer or gas purifying vessel may also
be used for the generating of the gas, (where the latter requires washing), but in the
larger sizes, or where the apparatus is not required to be portable, it may be more
convenient to conduct the operations in separate vessels; suitably connected.
Sulphuric acid is placed in a vessel of glass, porcelain or lead, or other material cased
with lead, and a chamber formed at or near one end witli an inlet orifice from the main
body of the vessel, and an outlet at the bottom; so arranged and adapted that a glass
ball or lead shot placed in the chainber will either close the outlet or inlet orifice,
according to their relative position, by the gravity of the ball or shot. As a little space

page_text: or play is left between the two orifices for the ball valve, a small amount of acid is
contained in the chamber, and allowed to run out into another vessel containing
whitening and water, or the like, whenever the ball valve is displaced. The vessel
containing the whitening may be of similar materials to those named for containing
the acid, but it may be conveniently made of lead tubing, closed at the bottom. When
the acid is allowed to fall upon the whitening, the gas generated escapes through small
holes or spaces at the upper part of the vessel; and caused to pass down into, or
through water, by an annular hood or otherwise; according to the size or modifications
required in carrying out the process in one or more outer or containing vessels as
aforesaid.
Previous mention has been made of a provision for agitating the aërating and
generating vessels, or either of them, by mounting them on pivots or trunnions so as
to be capable of partial rotation upon the said trunnions. For the larger sizes or for
such apparatus as are not required to be portable I may construct special frames, or
so mount them that they may be completely revolved upon suitable journals and
bearings, and may also in this way mount two or more aërating vessels in such a
manner as to balance upon their journals, and similarly mount two or more of the
other vessels used for the generation of the gas and the washing and purifying of
the same or of any of them. In all cases, however, the necks are placed nearest the
axis of rotation, which latter may form a part of any of the vessels used, or of the neck
piece or pieces connected therewith, or of a special appendage to the same; and suitable
provision may be made through hollow journals for the passage of gas or liquid from
one part of the apparatus to the other; or for the withdrawal of the same for bottling
or other purposes.
The agitation of the vessels mentioned above is almost, if not quite, equivalent
to the use of a pump; which may therefore, in many cases, be dispensed with.
It serves to quicken the action of generation, bringing the acid and whitening, or
other materials used, into more intimate contact; and causes a thorough blending
of the liquid with the gas in the aerating vessel or vessels. The ball or equivalent
valves used are arranged to keep such of the materials apart, as should not be
mixed; and the movement described is available for expelling air from the
vessels.
It is important that the interior of the vessels and all connections with which
the liquids, gas, and the materials used come in contact, should be protected from
any action of the same, which might injure the parts of the apparatus; or 'impair
the character of its product. To this end, a protective covering or coating is
applied where necessary; and this will vary according to the metal, alloy, or
material used for the various vessels, or parts connected therewith; and the purpose to
which the same is applied, as well as the materials used for generating the gas; where
the same is generated directly in the apparatus. For example, where sulphuric acid is
used, I either confine it in glass, or earthenware, or in lead or lead coated vessels or
appendages and may filter the gas so produced, or gas otherwise generated through
or over moistened asbestos, or other suitable substance. The aërating vessel may be
plated with silver, coated with tin, or with an enamel or coating of silica, lacquer,
varnish or the like, and if of steel or iron, made rustless by the hot air or superheated
steam process; or protected by any combination of the above. The neck piece,
connections, and other appendages used, may be treated in a similar manner; according
to the above named circumstances, and the kind of liquids to be aërated; or any of
the parts of the apparatus may be protected by platinum.
Dated this 29th day of October 1887

page_text: Apparatus for Generating, Preparing, and Applying Gases for the
Aëration of Liquids, and for Supplying the Liquids so Aërated.
I, JOSEPH SINCLAIR FAIRFAX, of 433 Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus for generating, preparing, and applying gases
for the auration of liquids, and for supplying the liquids so aërated either into glasses
for immediate consumption; or into bottles or other receptacles for future use.
The apparatus may take a portable form; or be arranged as a permanent installation.
In its portable form the apparatus consists of a vessel adapted to hold the liquid to
be aërated, a neck piece attached to the vessel, through which the latter is filled and
its contents drawn off. A smaller vessel is provided in which the gas is generated,
(and in some cases prepared by washing), with suitable means for attaching the same
to the neck piece of the larger vessel and through which the gas is passed to the
liquid to be aerated.
Instead of generating the gas directly in a part of the apparatus, the gas may be
generated elsewhere, and compressed or stored in a suitable vessel. This vessel may
be attached directly to the neck piece in place of the generating vessel before
mentioned, and the liquid or compressed gas applied to the aëration of the liquid
contained in the first named vessel. Where the gas is generated directly in the gas
vessel of the apparatus, it may, if suitable for the purpose, be passed directly into the
aurating or supply vessel; or, be passed through a washer which forms, either a part
of the generating vessel, or else a separate vessel in itself; means of attachment
being provided to make the required connections.
The vessels, and other parts of the apparatus, are made of any suitable metal or
alloys. Usually, the vessels are made of drawn copper or steel, weldless, and preferably
of one piece in bottle shape and with a solid end, (unless of large dimensions); or
tubular with the ends suitably formed and adapted to withstand the high pressure.
required for the object in view. The aürating or supply vessel, is inverted, when in
position, so that the neck is downward, and is there attached to the neck piece. This
neck piece is provided with pivots or trunnions working in bearings upon a frame
which carries the apparatus, and admits of movement upon them as centres to make
the gas or charged liquid "lively," while they are so placed, or the weights are so
distributed or guarded, as to provide for the equilibrium of the inverted vessel.
Attached to the neck piece is a suitable draw-off valve, and a means for filling the
supply vessel with the liquid to be aëraied; although in the smaller vessels or
apparatus 1 may use the draw-off orifice for both purposes; and in some cases L may
fill the supply vessel through an orifice at the upper part of the same. The nozzle
of the draw-off valve is preferably so attached that it may be turned upward, and so

page_text: formed at the end as to be adapted for bottling purposes; while in its ordinary or
downward direction it is used for drawing off the aërated liquid into glasses for
immediate consumption. The interior of the draw-off valve is so arranged that the
gas used may be thoroughly mixed with the liquid in the act of drawing off.
The aërating vessel, as ordinarily arranged, is filled with the liquid to bo aërated
by turning it over upon its pivots or trunnions to a horizontal position, and the liquid
is supplied either through a special orifice (afterwards to be tightly closed), or
through the draw-off orifice; the valve and outer part being removed for this purpose.
Another orifice is provided in the neck piece, through which the gas is admitted
from the generating, washing, or store vessel as the case may be; and clamping or
coupling devices are used to make the necessary connections. In some cases
I provide one or more ball valves, or other form of valve, to open in one direction
and the gas having a pressure greater than the weight of liquid and valve, forces its
way into the aërating vessel through the inverted neck passing through, and mixing
with, the liquid in its course to establish equilibrium in the interior. Suitable
deflecting plates, or wire net work, may be used to assist in the diffusion of the gas.
Means are provided for shutting off the gas pressure where required.
The gas vessel is of a similar kind to that employed. for the supply vessel, and also
has a neck piece arranged so as to be capable of attachment to that of the supply
vessel, or one neck piece may be used for hoth vessels. The gas vessel is usually
much smaller than the other vessel, unless wanted to carry a large amount of gas ;
and is usually suspended with the neck piece upward. It may thus partake of tho
movement of agitation already mentioned.
The gas may be produced in any known manner. If sulphuric acid and whiting
are used, and in other cases, the gas may be washed by causing it to pass through
water, or in contact with moistened solid material adapted to cleanse the gas of
impurities. As before stated, this process may be conducted in one or more vessels,
suitable valves or connections being provided between and in the vessels for the
charging of the same, and in the direction, passage and control of the gas. In some
cases may use ball valves in this part of the apparatus also.
For permanent installations, (which are usually of larger dimensions than the
portable forms above mentioned), I may either use larger vessels or use several
collectively, each of a comparative small size, for the purposes described; with suitable
connections. Even in the portable form of apparatus I may use more than one
supply or aerating vessel with the same gas supply vessels in order that a charged
vessel may always be available; and separate the gas supply part of the apparatus
from the aërating pari io a greater extent than that indicated above, so that the latter
part of the apparatus may be placed upon a counter or table, while the former is
arranged beneath, with suitable pipe connections between; instead of the self contained
arrangement first described.
In the smaller sizes of the apparatus, the washer or gas purifying vessel may also
be used for the generation of the gas, (where the latter requires washing), but in the
larger sizes, or where the apparatus is not required to be portable, it may be more
convenient to conduct the operations in separate vessels; suitably connected. Sul-
phuric acid is placed in a vessel of glass, porcelain, lead, or other material cased with
lead, and a chamber formed at or near one end with an inlet orifice from the main
body of the vessel, and an outlet at the bottom; so arranged and adapted that a
small glass ball or lead shot will either close the outlet or inlet orifice by gravity
according to the relative positions of the said orifices. As a little space or play is left
between the two orifices in which the ball valve is free to move, a small amount of
acid is contained in the chamber and allowed to escape into a surrounding vessel
containing whiting and water, whenever the ball valve is displaced. The vessel
containing the whiting is of like materials to those named for the acid, or of lead
tubing, closed at the hottom. When the acid is allowed to fall on the whiting by
shaking the vessel, and so displacing the ball valve, the gas generated thereby escapes
through orifices at the upper part of the vessel, and caused to pass down into or
through water by an annular hood or by an equivalent device, according to size or

page_text: modifications required in carrying out the process in one or more outer or containing
vessels as aforesaid.
Previous mention has been made of a provision for agitating the aërating and
generating vessels, or either of them by mounting them upon pinions or trunnions so
as to be capable of partial rotation upon the same. For the larger sizes or for such
apparatus as are not required to be portable I may construct special frames or so
mount them that they may be partially or completely revolved upon suitable journals
and bearings, and may also, in this way, mount two or more aerating vessels, or other
vessels used, upon an axis so as to balance, with or without counterweighting. I
prefer, in all cases, to place the necks nearest the axis of rotation, which axis may form
a part of any of the vessels used, or of the neck picce or pieces connected therewith,
or of a special appendage to the same. The hollow axle will thus serve for the
passage of gas or liquid from one part of the apparatus to the other, or for the with-
drawal of the same for bottling or other purposes.
The agitation of the vessels mentioned above is practically equivalent to the use of
a pump, which may therefore be dispensed with in many cases. It serves to quicken
the action of generation, bringing the chemicals into more intimate contact and
causes a thorough blending of the liquid with the gas in the aërating vessel or
vessels. Moreover, the alteration of the head of liquid in the aërating vessel as it is
worked up and down or revolved causes a difference in pressure or resistance to the
passage of the gas through the same; and the movement described is available for
expelling air from the vessels. Tho ball valves, or other valves used, are arranged to
keep apart such materials as should not be mixed.
It is important that the interior of the vessels and all connections with which the
liquid, gas, or materials used come in contact should be protected from any action of
the same, which might injure the parts of the apparatus or impair the character of
its product. To this end a protective covering or coating is applied whero necessary,
and this will vary according to the metal, alloy, or material used for the various
vessels and their connections; the purpose to which the same is applied, and the
materials used in generating the gas when the same is generated directly in the
apparatus. For example, where sulphuric acid is used, I employ glass, carthenware,
lead or lead coated vessels or appendages, as previously stated; and may filter the
gas obtained therefrom, or from other substances through or over moistened asbestos,
Broken marble and water; while if compressed gas is used, no especial arrangements
of this nature are necessary.
In making the aërating apparatus for which I have obtained Her Majesty's
Royal Letters Patent No. 5967 bearing date 23 April 1887, I have found great
trouble arising from the oxidation of the steel vessels employed. This I have now
overcome in several ways as for example in the case named by coating the vessels
with magnetic oxide, tinning, silver plating, or equivalent devices; or by the use of
special rustless alloys instead of steel. The other parts of the apparatus should be
likewise treated to prevent contamination of the contained liquid.
In addition to the ordinary uses of the apparatus as described, I may use the same
for oxygen or other gas; or inay store and pass any suitable gas through wine, beer, or
other liquids as required.
In the accompanying drawings, the like reference letters are used throughout the
various figures to denote like parts, or parts having the same function. Fig. 1, is
one of the simplest forms of the apparatus, A being the aerating or supplying vessel,
B the neck piece, (in this case common to both vessels) and C the gas vessel. This
latter is shown with a rather wide orifice to admit suitable chemicals to generate the
gas required. These are placed with water in the interior of C, which is then
screwed or otherwise attached to the neck piece B. The vessel A has been previously
filled with the liquid to be aërated either through the valve orifice a (the draw off
valve a being removed for the purpose) the vessel being turned down for the purpose;
through b, the vessel being inverted for the purpose; or through the orifice at the
top, suitably closed by the screw D. The ball valve closes its orifice as shown,
its weight, and that of the column of water above, keeping it down; but when the

page_text: gas in C is sufficient to lift this weight. it blows its way through into the vessel A ;
the valve automatically opening and closing to establish equilibrium of pressure
between the two vessels. This action of lifting the valve b, against the weight of
the full column of liquid in A, is modified however by turning the apparatus into a
horizontal or other position upon its trunnions E; so that the pressure upon the
valve is not only variable, but the agitation of the chemicals in tends to an
increased generation of gas. This movement, and variation in pressure is therefore
equivalent to the use of a pump; and becomes of value in the case of apparatus
of moderate size where the extra cost and complication of a pump should be
avoided.
It will be noticed that by tipping the apparatus a little upon one side, before gas
is generated in the gas vessel C, some of the water in A may pass the ball valve b
and allowed to run in upon the dry chemicals in C, and thus generate gas within, so
as to avoid any escape that would take place in fully charging Capart, and afterwards
securing the same in its seat. In some cases I may add a ball valve in (as
indicated by dotted lines, to prevent any of the chemicals finding their way into A
when the apparatus is inverted. Should the gas vessel be used to store gas,
generated elsewhere, I greatly reduce the orifice in the neck, and use a suitable
controlling valve to admit a charge of gas under compression from C to A, and to
cut it off when required. It will be seen, in either case, that the gas vessel C may
be removed for re-charging while the contents of the aurating vessel A is being
drawn upon in the usual manner; so that no time is lost when it becomes necessary
to re-fil and charge with gas, the said vessel A. The trunnions E form a part of, or
are attached to, the neck piece B and are supported upon standards F, provided
with a stop G to prevent movement except in one direction for agitating
purposes.
Fig. 2 is likewise a vertical section, but shows two neck pieces, B and B¹ to which
are attached the vessels A and C, respectively, either by screws or clamps. At the
lower part of the neck piece B is an orifice in which is shown a screw down
valve D, and by taking off the union nut D2 the vessel A may be filled through a
suitable funnel when the vessel A is turned down upon its trunnions working in the
standards F. The filling, however, may be done by taking off the draw off
valve A and a, in a similar manner to that described for D the latter, with its
valve D and corresponding aperture, in that case, being dispensed with. The two
neck pieces B and B with their respective vessels are secured to each other by a
clamping device, (shown more clearly in the half plan in Fig. 3), consisting of two
side links H, H, having eyes at one end passing over the trunnions E, the nut bar or
crosshead Hand the clamping screw H³. This can be readily unscrewed and tho
vessel C charged with gas, either under compression from an exterior source,
or generated within, as previously described. It is as readily connected to B,
without disturbing the vessel A when its contents are upon draught, the joint being
made against an elastic washer c by the clamping device H to H2. Within the
neckpiece B at the top of the gas vessel C is a cover C, closed by a large screw C²,
having a cavity at its base. The cover C has a small passage c¹ opening into the
cavity and thence through one or more orifices along a canal communicating with
a similar one in B, and finally emerging into the orifice closed by the valve b.
As shown, this canal c' and the passage of gas through the same, is controlled by the
screw down valve d as regards the neck piece B₁; and by the valve D₁ as regards
the neck piece B. By unscrewing the nut and lifting out the cover C³, the vessel C
can be readily charged with chemicals for the generation of gas.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through a double neck piece, B and B to which the
vessels A and C are respectively attached by means of clamping devices (H to H³)
as previously described; the points of support being a nut E¹ having trunnions É
(indicated by dotted lines), which nut E is screwed upon the outside of the
vessels A and C.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a gas generating apparatus in which sulphuric acid is brought
in contact with whiting, marble dust or the like and the resultant gas washed by its

page_text: passage through water on the way to the aërating vessel or vessels. This is further
shown by a vertical section in Fig. 6 in which I is a leaden or other suitable vessel
for containing the acid. The top of this is flanged and has a small orifice, and by
immersing the vessel vertically into a reservoir of diluted (or other) sulphuric acid
until near the top and closing the upper orifice by the thumb the vessel I may be
placed in position as shown fully charged without danger or inconvenience.
The vessel rests upon and within a tubular vessel J by means of a strong collar
or flange, the vessel J being secured to the cover of the gas vessel (at its
upper end. Whiting and water are placed in the vessels J and sulphuric acid is
allowed to drop upon the same from I through a small chamber in the bottom of the
same, marked, having an upper and a lower orifice. A small lead shot or other
suitable ball valve is enclosed in the chamber i and on being shaken about, a sinall
amount of the acid drops upon the whiting in J. The gas so generated passes
upward and outward through orifices, as indicated by arrows down through an
annular passage into the water contained in the vessel C. The annular passage is
formed by a tube or hood K, also attached to the cover C, so that the whole can be
removed for cleansing on removing the nut or screw plug C². The gas is cleansed
by its passage through the water, moistened asbestos, or other suitable means used,
and by means of the gas passage c¹ passes into the vessel A (when clamped together)
as already described. A suitable stop valve (not shown in this figure) may be used
to shut off the gas, and the operation conducted in more than one vessel of the kind
shown by C, if desired; but ordinarily this arrangement would not be used in the
small sizes of the portable form of apparatus.
Fig. 7 is an alternative form of either A or C vessels, made of tube with the ends
drawn down and adapted for closing by a cap or plug, or directly attachable to the
neck piece or pieces. Fig. 8 is an alternative method of making the neck pieces B
and B and of attaching them together by the union or clamping nut H (or its
equivalent). In this, the parts B and B are shown curved, but may be straight;
they are screwed within the necks of the vessels A and C, and I sometimes put a stop
valve in the piece 13' to retain the gas, as previously explained. The trunnions are
indicated by a dotted circular line, and the vessel A may be placed upon draught,
(after suitably charged) apart from the gas vessel C.
Figs. 9 and 10 are also alternative methods of attaching either vessels A and C to
corresponding neck piece B or B'. In this case the weight of the vessel may be used
to act against a hinged or other fulerum, and the pressure of a pinching or clamping
scrow caused to act against a projection upon the collar A screwed upon the neck
of the vessel.
Figs. 11 and 12 are modifications of the mounting of the vessels A and C in
elevation, and in the first named the apparatus is mounted upon small wheels which
may be used for agitating the contents of the vessels.
Figs. 13 and 14 are end and front elevations of the larger or more permanent
installation already described. Two or more of the aërating vessels A are secured to
a neck piece B and charged with gas from a vessel or vessels C, the gas passing along
I the tubular axle E. A suitable control valve is used to shut off the gas in B' and
each of the vessels A is closed by its own automatic valve as already indicated, or its
.contents drawn off through a hollow axle and valve a, as may be required for bottling
or otherwise. By swinging the vessels upon their axes the gas is more freely generated
in C, and the vessels A are charged without a pump. The several vessels A may
contain various liquids such as wines, beer, or the like and having been charged with
the requisite kind and amount of gas, may be removed and their places taken by
others for a repetition of the process. In this manner the vessels A may be charged
and kept an indefinite time before the contents are drawn off; and may be sent out
charged to remote localities. In this case a suitable draw off valve is combined with
the vessel as before mentioned, and used in the manner, and for the purpose, for which
the charged glass bottles known as syphons are now employed. For such a purpose, the
ball valve b, and its orifice, may be dispensed with if desired, and the vessel A charged
with the gas impregnated liquid through the draw off valve..

page_text: It is to be understood that the coating of the iron or steel vessels with magnetic
oxide is done by the known superheated steam or air process or processes; and may
be combined with a plating process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. An apparatus for the generation, preparation, or application of gas to a liquid,
and for the supply of the said liquid; substantially as described.
2. An aerating vessel adapted to admit gas under pressure to a contained liquid, and
to withdraw the said liquid through a controlling valve, without the use of a chamber
or pipe within the interior of the said aerated vessel; substantially as described.
3. The combination, with an aerating vessel, of a neck piece adapted to admit gas
and to withdraw the contained aerated liquid without using a pipe or pipes in the
interior of the said vessel; substantially as described.
4. The combination of a neck piece containing a draw off yalve with the lower
extremity of an aërating vessel; substantially as described.
5. The combination of one or more ball or equivalent self closing valves with an
aerating apparatus; substantially as and for the purpose described.
6. A portable aërating apparatus having a gas vessel so constructed and adapted
as to be attachable to, or detachable from, the vessel containing an aërated liquid
while its contents are upon draught; substantially as described.
7. In an aërating apparatus a neckpiece having, or combined with, means for
attaching the same to an aërating vessel, a passage for gas and a valve for controlling
the said passage, and a passage for withdrawing the aërated liquid; substantially as
described.
8. A neck pieco acting as a valve box and attachable to an aërating, or a gas vessel,
or both, and having trunnions or pivots upon which the said neck piece may be swung ;
substantially as described.
9. The combination of an aërating, and a gas vessel, each having a separate neck
piece with one or more valves contained therein, a means for clamping or otherwise
attaching them together, and a communicating passage or passages between the said
neck pieces controlled by one or more of the said valves; substantially as described.
10. A vessel adapted as a receptacle for sulphuric acid, with or without an air hole
at the top, and a small chamber with an outlet at the bottom, closed by a shot or
similar ball valve; substantially as described.
11. A gas generating apparatus comprising a vessel for containing sulphuric acid
suspended within or surrounded by a vessel for containing whiting and water or its
equivalent, enclosed in a gas vessel adapted or not for washing the said gas;
substantially as described.
12. A gas generating apparatus, suspended or placed within a narrow necked gas
container, and enclosed by a neck piece constructed to permit the insertion, with-
drawal, or charging of the generating part of the apparatus through a suitably closed
orifice in the said neck piece substantially as described.
13. A portable or moveable aërating apparatus having one or more narrow necked
vessels adapted for generating, washing and storing gas; substantially as described.
14. Supplying a gas impregnated liquid under pressure from a portable metallic
vessel separate from a gas vessel; substantially as described.
15. A portable metallic vessel for containing a gas impregnated liquid under
pressure for supplying the said liquid into glasses or similar receptacles; substantially
as described.
16. A portable metallic vessel adapted for containing a gas impregnated liquid
under pressure and for supplying the same through a controlling valve situated at
or near its lower extremity; substantially as described.
17. A portable metallic vessel for aërated liquids adapted to be used for supplying
its contents under pressure through a suitable draw off valve when separate from its
gas charging vessel; substantially as described.

page_text: 18. An iron or steel vessel, adapted for generating gas or containing a gas
impregnated liquid under pressure, having an inner coating of magnetic oxide;
substantially as and for the purpose described.
19. A portable iron or steel vessel, adapted for generating gas or containing a gas
impregnated liquid under pressure, having an inner protective coating of another
metal, or magnetic oxide, or a combination thereof; substantially as and for the
purpose described.
20. The combination of two or more aërating vessels upon an axle capable of
rotation with a gas vessel or vessels; substantially as described.
21. An aërating apparatus adapted to produce a variable pressure within one or
more of the vessels employed without a pump; substantially as and for the purpose
described.
22. The several forms and arrangements shown by the figures 1 to 14 inclusive;
substantially as described.
Dated this 30th day of July 1888