IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE MILEAGE RUN BY PUBLIC VEHICLES DURING A GIVEN PERIOD; ALSO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS WHO HAVE ENTERED IN OR UPON OR ARE TRAVELLING IN PUBLIC VEHICLES; PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES WHERE TOLLS ARE TAKEN
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NORTON, of Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of June, in the fifteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Norton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said James Norton, my exors, adññors, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said James Norton, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING
AND REGISTERING THE MILEAGE RUN BY PUBLIC VEHICLES DURING A GIVEN PERIOD;
ALSO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS WHO HAVE ENTERED IN OR UPON OR ARE TRAVELLING
IN PUBLIC VEHICLES; PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO PUBLIC
BUILDINGS AND OTHER PLACES WHERE TOLLS ARE TAKEN;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Norton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Norton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
The first part of this Invention relates to a mode of measuring the distance
run by common street cabs, the object being to shew the proprietors of such
cabs the amount of work which their horses have performed in a given period,
whether profitable or otherwise, and also to apprize passengers of the distance
they have been carried, and the amount of the fare which they have to pay.
I will first describe the most simple arrangement of indicating apparatus by
which the total mileage is registered, and I will then explain the modifications
therein or additions thereto by which the several objects above enumerated are
obtained.
In Sheet I. are several views of an apparatus for ascertaining and registering
the total mileage run by a cab; but it will be obvious that it is equally
applicable to other vehicles. Fig. 1 is a cross section of the cab, shewing in
front elevation the mechanism for obtaining motion from one of the running
wheels for driving the indicating apparatus. Fig. 2 is a section of the cab
taken at right angles to Fig. 1, shewing the mechanism in side elevation, and
Fig. 3 is a plan view thereof. The inner hub of the wheel a is faced like a
cam, and bearing against that face is a horizontal rod b, which slides in a
tubular guide c attached to the axle of the cab. The rod b is jointed to an
arm affixed to a vertical rod d, the lower end of which rests in a cup supported
by the axle, and thus a kind of ball and socket joint is made for the rod d to
admit of its yielding to the unequal swaying action of the cab body, the bottom
of which it enters to communicate with the counting apparatus. The opening
for the admission of the rod d is chamfered at both its edges to allow of the
rod inclining in any direction to suit the swaying action of the cab, but other-
wise the rod retains a given position with respect to the counting apparatus.
At the upper end of this rod, on the part projecting within the cab, an arm e
is affixed, which is brought into connection with a rod f that slides in guides in
the box of the counting apparatus, and carries a click in contact with a
ratchet wheel, through the action of which the indexes are set in motion.
It will, therefore, be understood that as the wheel a of the cab rotates, the face

page_text: cam on the hub of that wheel will alternately drive the rod b inwards and
allow it to return, and thereby an axial rocking motion will be given to the
rod d. The arme of that rod will thus be made to rock and press the rod f
of the counting apparatus further into the box. The mode in which the
motion thus obtained is applied to the driving of the counting apparatus will
be understood by reference to Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7. Fig. 4 is a plan
view of the counting apparatus with the dials and cover removed. Fig. 5 is a
side elevation shewing the box in section. Fig. 6 represents the dials
exposed completely to view; and Fig. 7 shews the dials covered by the top
plate or cover of the box, which is provided with openings through which
the numeral answering to the action of the apparatus is viewed. It
will be seen that the inner end of the rod f (which I have said is thrust
inwards by the reciprocating arm e) is surrounded by a coiled spring 9,
the action of which is to return the rod f to its forward position imme-
diately the raised part of the face cam on the hub of the wheel a passes
the end of the rod b; and it is this return motion of the rod which
gives the impulse to the counting apparatus. h is a click affixed to the
sliding rod f, and borne up into contact with the teeth of a ratchet wheel i
by means of a light spring; this click is, however, capable of yielding
when the rod is driven inwards to allow of its taking up a proper position for
driving round the ratchet wheel. Supposing now the pressure by which the
rod f was driven in to be removed, the spring g, which was contracted by that
movement of the rod, will immediately expand, and by forcing the click h for-
ward will cause the ratchet wheel i to make part of a revolution. Spring
catches, it will be seen, are provided to prevent this wheel from making more
than a certain definite movement. Keyed to the axle of this wheel is a finger
k, which, at every complete revolution of the wheel, causes an adjacent star
wheel to move round the distance of one tooth. The axle of this wheel
is similarly provided with a finger, which drives a second star wheel m, and
the motion of the axle of that wheel is in like manner communicated to
another wheel n, and so on for any given number of wheels. If now the
number of teeth in the ratchet wheel i is so arranged that ten revolutions of
that wheel will equal one mile, the numerals on the index of the star wheel
will indicate tenths of a mile, and those of the index of the star wheel m will
represent miles in units, while those of the index of the star wheel n will
represent miles in tens.
It will be seen at Fig. 5 that each star wheel axle is
provided with an index disc. The mode of arranging the numerals on these
discs is shewn at Fig. 6. In order to shew the profitable running distance of
a cab, that is, the distance which it has run while carrying a fare, I employ a

page_text: double counting apparatus, constructed on the same principle as that above
described, mounting the two ratchet wheels i on a common shaft, as shewn at
Fig. 8.
These wheels have an independent motion, and are actuated by their
respective rods, the one continuously and the other only when the cab contains
a passenger. Under other circumstances this second rod f is locked, and no
action takes place. The locking and unlocking of the rod f is thus effected.
In the rod fa deep notch is cut, into which a bolt takes, and this bolt is con-
nected to the floor or the seat of the cab, as the case may be, by the depression
of which the bolt is withdrawn, and the rod is then capable of being forced
outwards and inwards alternately by the elastic force of its spring g and the
action of the driving apparatus in the opposite direction, whereby the second
indicating apparatus will be set in operation.
The mode of connecting the bolt with the cab seat is shewn in Sheet II.,
wherein Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a cab, with the indicating
apparatus applied thereto. The seat is hinged at front and is borne up by
helical or other suitable springs. Attached to the under side of the seat is a
rod, which projects through the cab, and is jointed to the outer end of a
rocking lever a, supported in bearings on the outside thereof. The inner end
of this lever a carries a bolt b, which takes into a notch in the rod f* of the
indicating apparatus. When, therefore, the seat is depressed, the bolt b will
be withdrawn from the notch of the rod f*, and the cam on the face of the
nave of the running wheel will be caused, through the machinery already
explained, to actuate the rod f*, and set in motion that part of the indicating
apparatus which registers the productive mileage run by the cab.
In Sheet III. of the Drawings I have shewn in several views an arrange-
ment of apparatus for indicating the total mileage run by a cab or other
vehicle during a given period; also the number of fares taken up, and the
distance which each fare has been carried, and likewise the sums due to the
driver for each separate hiring of. his vehicle. Fig. 1 is a front view of this
apparatus, with the front of the box and the dials removed; Fig. 2 is a plan
view of the apparatus; and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the same. In this
arrangement a is the rod which carries the click for driving the ratchet wheel
b, and through it the various parts of the apparatus. Affixed to the axle c of
the ratchet wheel is a finger d, which drives the train of wheels e, e, e, whereby
the total mileage run by the cab is indicated, as already explained. Upon the
same shaft c a pulley f is loosely mounted, and on the boss of this pulley is a
finger or click g, which takes into a ring of pins projecting from the face of
the ratchet wheel b, when the pulley is brought into the position shewn in the
Drawing. This shifting of the pulley is effected by means of a crank lever h,

page_text: connected with the seat or floor of the cab, the depression of which seat or
floor will cause the forked end of the lever, which embraces the boss of the
pulley, to slide the click g into gear with the ring of pins. A band cr
chain passes from the pulley f to a pulley i, from the face of which a pin k
projects and takes into a crown ratchet wheel 1, mounted on a shaft m, and
capable of sliding thereon, a feather edge being formed on the shaft for
that purpose. This shaft carries a dial numbered in the manner shewn at
Fig. 4, which numbers severally correspond to a notch in the ratchet wheel,
and indicate the amount due by the passenger to the cab driver.
The
ratchet wheel is caused to engage with the pin k of the pulley i by means of a
crank lever n, which is connected to the seat or floor of the cab, and slides
forward the ratchet wheel into gear with the pin k. When the passenger
alights from the cab, the seat or floor will rise and throw the ratchet wheel/
out of contact with the pin, a coiled spring provided for the purpose (one end
of which is connected to the axle and the other to the case of the apparatus)
will then come into action, and supposing the dial to have moved on its axis
and brought up to view one shilling or one shilling and four pence, it will be
immediately returned to its former position and denote as at starting the
the numeral "8d," which signifies the fare for any distance not exceeding one
mile. To enable the cab proprietor to ascertain the number of fares taken
and the distance in every case, I have provided a series of trains of counting
apparatus similar to that already described with reference to Sheet I., which
trains are set radially on a revolving circular frame A (Fig. 1), and are
successively brought into action as one fare is discharged and another is taken
up, the frame which carries them being made to move round on its axis at
every such change of passengers. The frame A is mounted loosely on a fixed
axle B, (see the sectional view, Fig. 5,) and at its side it carries a ratchet
wheel C. This wheel is driven by a click on a rod D, which has a double
thrust action, by reason of its connection through a link E with a rod F,
which rises and falls with the rise and depression of the seat or floor of the
cab. The return motion of the rod D is effected by a coiled spring G. On
the front face of the ratchet wheel b is affixed a ring of clicks or pins o, o,
which take successively into the first wheel of each set of counting apparatus
carried by the frame A, as these sets are brought within the field of their
5 action, and by this means the indexes of the several sets of counting apparatus
are set in motion. It must, however, be understood that this action takes
place only so long as there is a passenger in the cab. When he leaves, the
rod F through the link E will drive forward the rod D, and cause it to move
the ratchet wheel C forward one tooth. By reason of this movement the

page_text: frame A will raise or turn the counting apparatus which was under the action
of the pins o, o, clear of their field of motion; the line of centres of the star
wheels being now in the position of the red line, the further progress of the
cab will therefore not be indicated on any of the dials of this system, which, as
I have before said, is intended to shew the number of fares taken and the
distance run in every separate case.
On the entrance of another passenger
into the cab, the seat will be depressed and the rod F being drawn down will
cause the click of the rod D to drive round the frame A to the amount of
another ratchet tooth, which movement will bring another set of counting
apparatus under the action of the pins or tappets o, o, of the ratchet wheel, and
will produce a like result to that above stated. A spring stop bears against
this ratchet wheel to prevent it from moving round more than one tooth at a
time. It will be understood that the frame A is intended to be fitted with
sets of counting apparatus equal in number to the average number of fares
taken in the course of the day, and that six sets (the arrangement of which is
shewn at Fig. 6) must be taken only as an illustration of the principle of
indication which I propose to employ.
Sheet IV. shews another arrangement of my indicating apparatus for cabs
and other vehicles; Fig. 1 being a front view of the gearing, and Fig. 2 a
side view thereof. a, a, is a double ratchet wheel, which is driven round by
the click of the rod b, as in the former arrangements, and when not required
to be driven is held stationary by the spring catches or stops shewn in
the Drawing. The catch * is jointed to the rod b, and is lifted out of
contact with the ratchet wheel a at the time the driving catch is moving back
to take up a driving position; but as the rod returns to its forward position,
this catch will again take into the wheel a and prevent its being driven
round more than one tooth at a time. On the ratchet wheel axle is a pinion c
which takes into and drives a multiplying wheel d, on the boss of which
is a pinion in gear with the second multiplying wheel e, similarly furnished
with a pinion that gears into and drives a central wheel f. The arbor g
of this wheel ƒ carries an index hand h, which indicates on a dial the total
mileage run. Fitted to the wheel f is a ring of cork or other like material,
into which pins projecting from the face of a disc i take for the purpose
to be presently explained; this disc is mounted on a hollow shaft, which
is capable of sliding on the arbor g, and thus admits of the plate being a
thrown into and out of contact with the cork ring of the wheel f. The
sliding motion is effected by a crank lever connected to the cab seat (after the
manner shewn at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet II.) By the depression of the seat
the disc is thrown forward, and the pins in the face thereof are made to enter

page_text: the cork and thereby ensure the simultaneous rotation of the disc and the
wheelf. On the outer end of the hollow axle is an index hand k, which is
intended to indicate the total productive mileage which the cab has run, that is,
the distance run with a passenger in the vehicle. The dial, therefore, contains
two sets of divisions, as shewn at Fig. 3, one for the total and the other for
the productive mileage. A third indicator is also provided if thought desirable,
as shewn at 1, Fig. 1, for registering the total mileage in greater amounts
than can be done by the index hand h. For this purpose I insert in
the face of the wheel fa pin, which at every rotation of that wheel comes
in contact with a pin on the periphery of the index plate 1, and drives that
plate forward a distance sufficient to bring up the next succeeding numeral,
which will then be exposed to view through an opening made in the dial
for that purpose.
m is a retaining spring for keeping the index plate in
position, and yet allowing it to move when it receives an impulse from the
wheel f. In order to denote to the cab proprietor the number of fares taken
by the driver during the day, I provide the following contrivance:-Instead
of allowing the hand k to indicate merely as a pointer, I bend the end thereof
over to a right angle or furnish it with a pin, which projects from the
face of the hand, and set over or in front of the hands a graduated paper
disc, which is to denote the productive mileage. This disc I place in a frame
(see Figures 4 and 5), which is hinged to the case of the apparatus, an 1
enclose the whole with a glass cover o. When the disc is thrown out of
contact with the wheel f (which will take place when the passenger is
discharged from the cab), the point of the band k will advance and pierce
the paper disc, and be retained in that position until released by the depression
of the cab seat by the taking up of another passenger. The hand k will then
continue to travel round until the passenger is discharged, at which time the
paper disc will be pierced as before. At the end of the day the proprietor will,
by counting the incisions in the paper, be able to ascertain the number of
fares taken by the driver, and the passenger also, by noticing the distance
denoted on the disc between the last puncture and that immediately preceding
it, will ascertain the exact distance which he has travelled. In order to
prevent the apparatus from indicating more than one fare if the passenger
has occasion to make one or more calls during his journey, the driver must
be provided with a means of preventing the seat from rising, and thus throwing
that part of the mechanism which answers to the rise and depression of the
seat out of its working position. One means of effecting this object is shewn
in Sheet II., at Fig. 2, which is a longitudinal vertical section of a Hansom
cab, with the indicating apparatus applied thereto, but it is obvious that a
n

page_text: variety of plans might be devised that would be equally efficient. To the
under side of the seat a an arm b is affixed, and through this arm a tapped
hole is made to receive the threaded end of a pendent rod c, which passes
down the back of the cab, behind the lining thereof. A winch handle d is
keyed to the top of this rod, by turning which the upward pressure of the
seat springs may be counteracted, and thus the seat will be prevented from
rising. When, however, the driver has discharged his passenger, he will allow
the seat to rise, or he would be counting productive mileage against himself
while returning to his stand.
The second part of this Invention has reference to a mode of ascertaining
the number of persons who have ridden both inside and outside of an omnibus
during a given period, and also of indicating at a glance the number of
persons at a time within the omnibus. In order to ascertain the number of
persons who have entered the omnibus, I apply to the doorway of the omnibus
a kind of turnstile or apparatus which offers an apparent obstruction to
persons passing through the doorway, which obstruction admits of being
readily put aside, and by its connection with an indicating apparatus, similar
to that first described, of registering 1 for every such forward movement.
In Sheet V., Fig. 1 represents in plan view, and Fig. 2 in elevation, an
arrangement of turnstile suitable for omnibuses. It consists of a vertical shaft
a, properly secured to the framing of the carriage, and carrying at top a boss b,
through which two rods or arms c, c, crossing each other in the line of its
axis, are capable of sliding. These arms carry at each end a bowle or friction
roller, and one or other of these is always in a segment guide d of the guide
frame e, by which means the effect of a detaining arm stretching across the
doorway is obtained without the necessity of providing space for the sweep
of an arm of that extent; in other words, when the arm is pushed forwards
from the doorway by a passenger entering the carriage, the segment
guide will draw back the arm in the direction of its length, and thereby
prevent it from projecting far into the carriage. To allow of the turnstile
rotating it will be necessary first to withdraw a bolt, which rises from the
step or landing platform, and locks into a circular plate or cam wheel,
provided with inclined planes to prevent the apparatus from being tampered
with.
This plate or wheel may be modified in various ways if thought
desirable. For instance, in Sheet VI., Fig. 1 shews in sectional elevation,
and Fig. 2 in plan view, a cam-faced plate, for turning in one direction only;
and Figs. 3, 4, and 5, shew two counterpart cams, forming together a
continuous zig-zag groove, in which a pin connected with the moveable
platform works, the object being to allow the turnstile to work in both

page_text: directions; or, if thought desirable, two hinged platforms carrying bolts, and
borne up by a spring from beneath, may be employed, as shewn in the
sectional elevation at Fig. 6 of the same Sheet (Fig. 7 being a plan view
of the guide plate for the bolts), by which means a check is provided against
the undue rotation of the turnstile, the passenger depressing the two bolts
alternately. The like effect will be obtained by the use of two platforms
a and b, shewn at Fig. 8, one of which platforms carries a bolt, and the
other acts merely as a lever to force up the bolt of the locking platform,
immediately the passenger passes from the platform a to the platform b.
The bolt which locks the turnstile, is shewn by dots at f, Fig. 2 (Sheet V.)
This bolt is depressed by the platform 9 yielding to the weight of the
passenger, and when the passenger has passed in or out of the vehicle the
platform will immediately rise (by the pressure of springs below it) and lock
the turnstile as before. The indicating apparatus may be set in a box, as
at h (Fig. 2), and when thus placed it may be actuated by a wheel mounted
on the upper end of the shaft a, and provided with teeth corresponding in
number to the number of obstructions which one complete revolution of the
turnstile will present. This wheel may act on the first wheel of the train after
the manner shewn in the counting apparatus in Sheet VII. (which arrange-
ment I have designed more particularly for turnstiles when applied to buildings,
show grounds, &c.) so that indications will only be made when passengers
are admitted to the carriage. In order to indicate the number of persons at
any time within the carriage, it is only necessary to convey, by means of a
band and pulleys, the reciprocating motion of the shaft a to a dial marked
with numbers corresponding to the number of inside passengers. The whole
revolutions of the turnstile in one direction may then be made to indicate on
the dial twelve (say the full complement of passengers), and every quarter
turn in the reverse direction will reduce that number by one.
A modification of this turnstile mode of indicating is also represented in
Sheet V., Fig. 3, being a plan view of the apparatus applied to an omnibus,
and Fig. 4 an end elevation of the omnibus thus fitted; at the side of the
doorway a bent rocking lever a is mounted, one end of which in the quiescent
position of the lever stands across the doorway, so as, with the assistance of a
curved stationery guide rail b, to prevent a passenger passing in or out without
rocking the lever. A tendancy is given to the lever to retain the position
shewn at Fig. 3, by reason of the contractile power of an elastic band of
india rubber c, the ends of which are respectively connected to the end of the
omnibus and to the inner limb of the lever; the outer limb is connected by a
jointed catch rod d to the indicating apparatus, and as the lever is rocked or

page_text: pulled back by the conductor to admit a passenger the apparatus will be
thrown into action and indicate 1 in the progressive numbers of the dial. As
however a like indication will be made on the exit of a passenger, to ascertain
the total number of passengers admitted during a given period the number
indicated by the dials must be divided by two. For registering the number of
outside passengers I use the arrangement shewn at Figs. 5, 6, and 7, in
Sheet V. Fig. 5 is a diagram of an omnibus shewing a step applied to each
side thereof, which step directly a passenger's foot is pressed upon it will
indicate that a passenger has ascended or descended. The step consists of an
iron box a, having a hinged lid which is borne upwards to a given position (as
shewn in the front view, Fig. 6, and in the cross section, Fig. 7), by means of
a spring b, supported by suitable bearings; in the box is a lever c, which has
an inclination upwards by reason of a spring pressing on the under side thereof,
but is capable of being forced down on the depression of the lid of the box.
This lever c is provided with a swing catch c", which at every depression is
intended to take on to a round of a lantern wheel d, and give it a partial
rotation; for this purpose the catch is kept in contact with the wheel by
means of a spring e, which allows of the catch passing the next round as it
ascends to take up a position for imparting another impulse to the wheel d;
the axle of this wheel carries an indicator which will indicate, say units, and
by making this wheel the first of a train, as explained with reference to
Sheet I., the index on the arbor of the second wheel may count tens, and the
next hundreds, and so on. It should, however, be remarked that in this case,
as in the last mentioned, the total number of outside passengers will be half
the numbers indicated by the apparatus, from the circumstance that every
depression of the step, whether caused by the ascending or descending pas-
senger, will set the counting apparatus in action.
I will now describe the last part of my Invention, which relates to the
application of the turnstile arrangement to public buildings, steam boats,
gardens, and other places where the number of persons entering or leaving
during a given period is required to be indicated.
It will be understood.
that turnstiles which actuate counting apparatus in general require to be
locked immediately a person has passed through, in order to prevent the
indication of fictitious entrances, which indications might be effected by giving
too great an impulse to the rotating barrier or turnstile. This necessity
entails upon the toll taker the labor of letting go and withdrawing the bolt
after every several passenger or visitor has passed through the turnstile, but
to avoid this labor when there is a great influx of persons, the turnstile is
allowed to run round unchecked, and thereby to count more or less than the

page_text: proper number of passengers. To avoid this I propose to employ the sinking
platform, explained with reference to the omnibus, for withdrawing a bolt,
as an additional security for correctly indicating, and also to enable the toll
taker to lock the turnstile when necessary, by preventing the depression of a
spring bolt, which will retain the turnstile in a fixed position. One arrange-
ment of this apparatus is shewn in elevation at Fig. 1 and in plau view at
Fig. 2 of Sheet VIII. The shaft a, a, carries fixed radial arms b, b, that
stretch across the passage way, which forms both an entrance and an exit
passage. At the lower end of the shaft a is a cam-faced plate c (shewn in
plan view at Fig. 3) so formed that the rise of the bolt connected with the
platform may assist in driving it round in either direction, and thereby complete
the quarter turn of the turnstile, if the passer-through has not given it n
sufficiently strong impulse to force it round the required distance. The bolt
under the command of the toll taker is shewn at d (Figures 4, .5, and 6),
which are detached views on an enlarged scale of the locking apparatus.
This bolt is chamfered like a latch, and is carried by a spring e, which bears
it up into contact with the cam-faced plate c to produce the locking. A foot
lever is provided to withdraw the bolt d to allow of the rotation of the
turnstile when the bolt of the platform is withdrawn, in order that a person
may enter, but by reason of the chamfering of the bolt d the turnstile may be
rotated in the opposite direction to afford egress without the withdrawal of
that bolt. When, however, the turnstile is required to be dead-locked, this
may be done by the depression of the foot lever g, the inner end of which will
then bear up against the under side of the spring, and prevent it yielding to
the downward pressure of the bolt. In order to save space in the turnstile
arrangement, where two toll takers are required at one entrance, I arrango
two turnstiles, as shewn in elevation at Fig. 4, Sheet VII., wherein the
approximate arms of one turnstile are made to interlock with those of the
others, or revolve in the same vertical space. In this case each turnstile is
provided with a locking platform and an indicating apparatus. The indicating
apparatus which I use for this purpose, and. which has been before alluded
to, is shewn in plan view at Fig. 1, Sheet VII., with the dials removed, and
in side elevation at Fig. 2. Fig. 3 shews the face of the box containing the
apparatus, with the dials shewn in position. a (Fig. 1) is a wheel affixed
to the shaft of the turnstile, and carrying on its periphery teeth or catches
corresponding in number to the number of persons which one revolution of
the turnstile is intended to pass forwards. This wheel a at every axial
movement strikes against the end of an arm b, which is capable of rocking on
a pin c, but which, by means of a fixed spring d embracing it on both sides,

page_text: gives it a tendency to retain a central position, as shewn in the Drawing.
This arm carries a double click e, which, by reason of a spring f, has a
tendency to stand at right angles to the arm b, but is capable of an axial
motion to disengage itself from the teeth of the ratchet wheels 9, 9*, with
either of which it may be brought in contact. The wheels g, g*, are each
the first of a set of counting wheels, which together form a double counting
apparatus enclosed in a common case, and acting on dials in a manner precisely
similar to the apparatus described with relation to Sheet I. When the wheel
a turns in the direction of the arrow it will drive the click e forward into
contact with the wheel g, and cause it to indicate by means of the dial on its
arbor (1), meaning the entrance of one person. The reverse action of the
wheel a will drive round the wheel g*, and cause it to indicate on its dial (1);
meaning the exit of one person from the building, garden; or steam boat. It
will be understood on inspecting the Drawings that this apparatus is calculated
to indicate as high as tens of thousands, but great numbers may be indicated
by multiplying the star wheels and dials..
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim,-
First, as respects the indicating the distance run by vehicles generally, the
arrangement of machinery whereby the rotary motion of the running wheel
is communicated to the indicating or counting apparatus, and the shaking or
swaying effect of the vehicle is neutralized as far as regards the counting
apparatus.
Secondly, I claim the locking and unlocking of the actuating rod of a
counting apparatus, in the manner and for the purpose above described.
And likewise I claim the several arrangements of counting apparatus, whereby
I am enabled to indicate not merely the total mileage run during a given
period, but also to register the amount and number of fares taken by the
driver of a hackney carriage, and indicate to the passenger the sun which he
is required to pay for his journey.
Thirdly, I claim the depression by mechanical pressure of the cab or
carriage seat or floor to prevent the apparatus indicating as a separate fare
the entrance of a passenger who has occasion to make one or more calls
during a journey.
With respect to indicating the number of passengers entering in or upon
omnibuses, and the number contained within the vehicle, I claim the applica-
tion thereto of the turnstile arrangement with its locking platform, and
also of the reciprocating arm (being a modifiation. thereof), when combined

page_text: with a counting apparatus, in the manner and for the purpose above
explained.
I also claim the application of the yielding or sinking step and counting
apparatus, as described, for the purpose of registering the number of outside
passengers.
. With respect to the turnstile when applied to buildings, steamboats,
gardens, and other places where tolls are taken, or the number of persons
entering is required to be ascertained, I claim the application thereto of the
platform locking arrangement, and the means of allowing the turnstile to
rotate in both directions.
And I also claim the mode of giving motion to the counting apparatus, as
explained with relation to Fig. 1, Sheet VII.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Norton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our
.