matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVERSED BY HACKNEY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS MADE BY A WHEEL OR DRUM
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Nooncree Hasluck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1868.
I, PAUL NOONCREE HASLUCK, of 254, Tottenham Court Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE DISTANCE
TRAVERSED BY HACKNEY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS MADE BY A WHEEL OR DRUM," to be
as follows:-
A stud is placed in the stock of carriage wheel, each revolution of
wheel communicates a blow to a star wheel of 4 pinions. The star
wheel revolves once to the four revolutions of carriage wheel (fifteen
feet in circumference). Each revolution of the star wheel drives a wheel
of 88 teeth, & thus indicates the 1,760 yards (or one mile). Two drums
are fixed to the arbour thereon (curved), the mile and fractions of
mile, also the licensed number of the hackney carriage; the drum
revolving on the same arbour with the wheel of 88 teeth by means of

page_text: roller and printing ink prints on a continuous strip of paper the distance
and number of the hackney carriage, the paper being supplied by a
moveable drum easily replenished with paper of any length.
This Invention can be applied to any carriage wheel or machine wheel
for the purpose of printing the number of revolutions or measurement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Simpson Price at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1868.
I, DAVID SIMPSON PRICE, of No. 26, Great George Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
Whereas the processes heretofore devised for the elimination of
phosphorus and sulphur from pig iron are based upon the theory of the
oxidation of these elements, my present Invention has for its object to
effect such elimination by the combination of these elements with the
alkaline metals or metals of the alkaline earths. For this purpose I
take either the alkaline metals or such of the oxides and carbonates of
the same as are suitable for the purpose, or salts thereof, which on
combustion yield carbonates, and some of the chlorides or mixtures of
the above-named metals, oxides, and salts. When using the metals I
pass them by suitable known means into the molten mass of iron. I do
not use these materials in the equivalent proportions of the elements,
that is to say, in the proportion of 39 parts of the potassium to every 31

page_text: parts of phosphorus in the iron under treatment, or to every 16 parts of
sulphur, or in like manner 23 parts of sodium to the afore-mentioned
equivalents of phosphorus and sulphur, although I do not employ less
of these elements or proportionate quantities of their oxides and salts.
These substances I employ either alone or mixed with charcoal, coal
dust, pitch, sawdust, or any other suitable carbonaceous matter. When
this process is employed in conjunction with that of the so-called
"Bessemer" process the substances may be driven through or into the
molten mass, either by means of air or steam, or by streams of non-
oxydizing or neutral gases, as, for instance, carbonic oxide, nitrogen, and
hydrocarbon gases. When air or steam is used it may be found desirable
to use therewith the carbonaceous substances above referred to. When
the iron is molten in a furnace other than the "Bessemer" I either
drive the one or other of the above materials or compounds into the fluid
mass, or I cause lumps of the same to be mixed with it, or I run the
iron or steel into vessels containing the above-named materials; but I
do not restrict myself to any particular mode of employing the said
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN. THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEVEL GEARING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hyde at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1868.
I, FREDERICK HYDE, of Hazel Grove, near Stockport, in the County
of Chester, Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN. THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEVEL GEARING," to.
be as follows:.-
My Invention consists in casting every description of toothed bevel
wheels with two sets of. teeth placed back to back for the purpose of.
economy in the construction in combination with great facility in
increasing or reducing the speeds. of the driving shafts or parts of
machinery. The sets of teeth may be of the same or of different pitch
and of the same or different angles, for instance, one face of the
double wheel may be made with mitre teeth and the other face with
bevel teeth, the latter gearing into pinions so that the speed of the

page_text: mitre wheel which is supposed to be the driver, would be considerably
increased when communicated to the pinions, or the contrary result
would be obtained by making the bevel wheel gear into wheels of a
larger diameter, or by making the pinion into the driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Wertheim and Louis
Hirschhorn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th May 1868.-A communication from
abroad by Henry Geissel, of Hanau, Prussia.
We, JONAS WERTHEIM and LOUIS HIRSCHHORN, carrying on business
as Maurice Goldschmidt Son, of Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct lockets in such manner
that a brooch can be fitted and secured therein so as to form the front
ornament of the locket, and in such manner that the brooch can be
readily taken out and worn alone as an ordinary brooch.
ordinary hook
We make
the front half or face of the locket of suitable form to receive the
brooch, and we make slots or apertures through the locket face to
allow passage of the brooch pin and its hinge, and of the
at the back of the brooch to which the pin is secured.
or fit the brooch open the locket, pass the pin and its hinge through
one of the slots, place the back of the brooch against the locket face, so
Then to insert

page_text: that the hook passes through the other slot; then fasten the pin in the
hook as usual, and the brooch is secure.
Another mode of securing the brooch is to form two or more rings or
hooks on the under side of the brooch, and corresponding holes in the
locket face; when the rings or hooks are passed through the locket
face catches or hooks on the inside of the face are caused to take into
and hold them. In this case the locket face must have a slot of
sufficient length to allow passage of the brooch pin when held in its
hook.
We do not, however, limit ourselves to the modes described of
securing the brooch as the feature of our Invention is the making of
lockets the front ornament of which consists of a brooch which may
be taken out and used as an ordinary brooch.
AN IMPROVED INDIVISIBLE PIN TO BE USED IN FASTENINGS OF JEWELLERY OR OTHER FASTENINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Isidore Soulage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1868.
I, PIERRE ISIDORE SOULAGE, of No. 82, Boulevart Sébastopol, in the
City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Broker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INDIVISIBLE PIN TO BE USED
IN FASTENINGS OF JEWELLERY OR OTHER FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
The features of novelty in and advantages of my improved indivisible
pin are that it is composed of two parts, which when in situ form a
species of bow, the pin taking the place of the string, and the point
entering an aperture in one end of the bow prevents its becoming
accidentally detached, while at the same time it serves as a guard to
protect the person from injury. The head of the bow or body of the pin
is traversed by the pin itself, which is furnished at the top with a screw;
the head of the pin terminates in a button or knob, just below which it is
screw cut, and corresponds with a screw made in the head of the bow; the
other end of the pin is pointed, and fits into an aperture for its reception
made in the opposite end of the bow. The pointed end of the pin may
also be screw cut, and the aperture in which it engages similarly

page_text: provided with a screw, which will give additional security to the pin
and entirely preclude the possibility of its becoming detached, as is so
frequently the case with those in present use, and with the advantage
that the sharp point is protected and prevented from injuring the person
by the aperture which serves as a guard. In fixing the pin it is simply
necessary to turn the head, which has the effect of unscrewing the point
and raising the pin, which can then be passed through the shawl, dress,
or other article; it is then turned in the opposite direction and is fixed
by the screw at the head, the point of the pin entering the aperture or
guard, and in cases where the point is screw cut it enters the screw of
the aperture and becomes securely fixed.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ADVERTISING IN RAILWAY TUNNELS AND CUTTINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hilditch Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the
20th May 1868..
I, HENRY HILDITOH JOHNSON, of No. 115, Cannon Street, in the
City of London, Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ADVERTISING IN RAILWAY TUNNELS
AND CUTTINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is based upon the optical delusion which has heretofore
been produced by a series of pictures or designs arranged in a peculiar
manner, and caused to move past the eye of a spectator standing at a
suitable fixed point..
In carrying my Invention into practise I arrange a series of fixed
pictures or designs each in a different progressive attitude or position
upon the wall of a tunnel or cutting, and the illusive effect of their
apparent motion is produced upon the passengers. in a train travelling:
past the pictures. I paint or otherwise produce the pictures upon sheets..
or plates of wood, iron, or other suitable material, and arrange each.
picture upon the wall at the proper distance from the other pictures to,
produce the desired effect upon the eye of the spectators in the train..

page_text: In some cases the pictures or designs might be painted or otherwise
produced upon the wall or side of the tunnel or cutting.
To convey a more perfect idea of the nature of my Invention I will
illustrate the mode of carrying it into effect in an advertisement of the
"One" wine company. In this case I propose to represent the figure
of a man rolling before him a barrel with the name of the said company
upon the end or side of the barrel. The figure of the man in each
picture of the series will be drawn in a slightly different attitude or
position, so that the effect produced upon the eye of the spectators in
the moving train will be that of his progressive motion, either walking
or running with the barrel turning over or rolling before him, his hands
and arms apparently moving naturally in the efforts to propel the said
barrel.
In the case of underground railways and in tunnels the light would
be derived from the gas or other lamps in the carriages which throw
through the carriage windows streams of light upon the fixed pictures
as the train moves past the same.
I prefer to make the plates or sheets of enamelled iron with a white
ground, the pictures or designs being produced in various colors upon
the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter William Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1868.
I, PETER WILLIAM BARLOW, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
constructing tunnels. In the Specification of a former Patent granted
to me dated the 9th day of September 1864 (No. 2207) was described
the constructing tunnels by forcing forward through the ground a
cylinder of somewhat larger diameter than the tunnel to be formed,.
and by continuously removing the earth from within the cylinder to
allow of rings of iron which were to form the permanent lining of
the tunnel being put together within the rear end. of the cylinder.
By this arrangement, however, if the tunnel were being formed under
a river and the water were to break into the tunnel through its end,
there would be a difficulty in clearing the tunnel of water and the
progress of the work would be impeded.

page_text: According to my present Invention I form the cylinder with a
transverse partition or end having through or below its centre an opening
which can be either partially or entirely closed as required. As the
cylinder is forced forwards through the ground the earth in front of
the end of the cylinder is worked away and taken into the interior
of the tunnel through this opening. By this arrangement should the
water at any time break into the tunnel the upper portion of the
interior of the tunnel may at all times be kept supplied with air under
pressure, as the closed end will prevent the air from escaping. As
soon as the tunnel has been pushed forward sufficiently to stop the
leak of water into the end of the tunnel, the pressure of air in the
tunnel may be relieved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Austin Usher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd March 1868.
I, ALFRED AUSTIN USHER, of Compton Road, Canonbury, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in respirators. Hereto-
fore respirators have been constructed for the purpose of being applied
to the outside of the lips by which a very unsightly appearance is
given to the wearer.
Now according to my Invention I so construct respirators that they
may be used inside the mouth between the lips and the teeth and
gums, whereby no unsightly appearance is given to the wearer. I con-
struct the respirators of two perforated or reticulate plates, or of two
sheets of gauze of a form similar or somewhat similar to the form of
the mouth. Between these plates or sheets I place flannel or other
textile fabric, or wool, cotton, or other suitable fibre prepared with a
solution of Condy's disinfecting fluid or other suitable disinfectant.
The two plates or sheets I by preference connect together by a hinge

page_text: joint so as to enable them readily to be opened out for the purpose
of cleaning and renewal of the fabric or fibre placed between them.
In some cases I first take a mould from the outside of the teeth and
then prepare suitable dies therefrom in a somewhat similar manner to
that now employed by dentists, by which means I am enabled to make
the inner plate of a form exactly to fit the mouth of the wearer. I
would have it understood that although I prefer to form the respirator
of two plates or sheets with fabric or fibre between them as described,
I do not confine myself thereto.
In- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: 'PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baldwin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1868.
I, WILLIAM BALDWIN, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus to be applied to looms
for weaving so as to facilitate the "letting off" of yarn from the yarn
beam without the use of the weights and levers.
In constructing looms according to this Invention I apply at each
side of the loom a lever working on a stud. The upper end of the lever
is double or forms a fork at the sides of the crank arm (or the lever may
have a plain or single end between the fork and stud, which stud
forms a fulcrum for the lever). I attach thereto a hook or other con-
venient fastening to which one end of the weight rope is attached and
from thence passed round the ends or necks of the yarn beam, and the
other end is secured to a spring attached to the back rail of the loom;
a bracket or stud placed over this spring prevents it acting during the
beat un

page_text: The action of the loom is as follows:-At each revolution of the crank
shaft the "crank" thereon acts on "nose bits" or projections on
the fork or upper part of the levers herein-before mentioned, and pressing
the lever forward in the direction of the slay causes the necessary
"drag" or tension on the weight ropes and warp beam during the beat
up. The crank having passed the nose bits or projections allows the
levers to advance towards the warp beam, and the strain being removed
the beam is free to give off yarn for the formation of another shed. A
spiral spring attached to the front part of the loom and to the lever
serves to retain the said lever in proper position whilst the shed is being
formed.
It will be evident that in the construction of new looms the levers may
be actuated by tappets or eccentrics fixed on the crank shaft instead of
employing the crank.
The crank I find answer the purpose well in applying the Invention to
aviating looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSING AND FINISHING HOLLOWED OR CHAMBERED BRICKS AND BLOCKS EITHER OF PLASTIC MATERIALS OR POWDERED CLAY DUST FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1868.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Coalville, near Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSING AND
FINISHING HOLLOWED OR CHAMBERED BRICKS AND BLOCKS EITHER OF PLASTIC
MATERIALS OR POWDERED CLAY DUST FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in pressing or finishing perforated or hollow
bricks, blocks, and such like materials used for building purposes having
holes, perforations, chambers, or perpendicular recesses introduced into
them during making, and also for making, pressing, or finishing out
of solid blocks and bricks (partially dried or otherwise) hollows,
perforations, perpendicular recesses during the pressing or finishing
of such bricks and blocks, whether the said perforations, recesses,
chambers, or hollows go through the said bricks and blocks or not.
The machine consists of a base or table with the ordinary brick die
upon same for holding the clay, above which is arranged to lower down
by screw or otherwise upon the same a die having attached to the under

page_text: side tongues, forks, or projections of various patterns and of the required
thickness to press or perforate the blocks and bricks, and such articles
as required, the materials being in the required condition to receive the
impression. The above tongues, forks, or projections may be placed or
attached either to the top or bottom plate or die and may be of any
pattern, and may be of wood or metal or any other suitable material
capable of sustaining pressure.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND ADMINISTERING MEDICINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th March 1868.-A communication from abroad by Samuel
Curtiss, junior, of Williamsburgh, King's County, in the State of
⚫ New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING
AND ADMINISTERING MEDICINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel apparatus for measuring medicine
and for administering the same to patients.
The apparatus consists of a glass vessel or jug closed at the top by
a tubular stopper which may be lined with india-rubber to make it
air-tight. Passing through this stopper is a stem or rod at the lower
extremity of which is a plunger fitting into a reservoir at the bottom
of the vessel. Along the top edge of the reservoir are small grooves to
admit the liquid from the vessel into the reservoir when the plunger is
raised. On the exterior of the vessel is a graduated scale to show the
quantity of liquid contained when the vessel is filled to any given point.

page_text: Near the top of the plunger stem is a ring that abuts against a shoulder
in the stopper and prevents the plunger from being entirely withdrawn
from the reservoir. There is also a vertical slot made in the plunger
stem for admitting, when required, air into the interior of the vessel.
Fixed to the bottom of the vessel, and in communication with the
reservoir, is a spoon-shaped orifice that receives the liquid when it is
forced from the reservoir by the plunger, and from whence it should be
taken by the patient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORCE PUMPS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH HYDRAULIC PRESSES FOR PACKING OR PRESSING, OR THE LIKE USES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Norbury and John Shaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th August 1868.
We, JOHN NORBURY and JOHN SHAW, both of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam and Hydraulic Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORCE PUMPS EMPLOYED IN
CONNECTION WITH HYDRAULIC PRESSES FOR PACKING OR PRESSING, OR THE LIKE
USES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the description of pumps ordinarily known
press pumps," the said pumps being used to force water into the
cylinders of hydraulic presses employed in the packing of goods, or the
expression of oil, or in other operations to which the said presses may be
adapted; and the said Invention has reference more particularly to the
packing of the plungers of the said press pumps. In press pumps as
ordinarily constructed the packing of the plungers is effected by means
of pressed leathers, the said leathers being fixed to the upper ends of
the pump barrels, or retained in recesses formed therein, the said leathers
being stationery and the plungers working therein.

page_text: When constructing pumps in accordance with our Invention we
dispense with the said stationery leather or leathers, and also with the
nut or gland employed to retain the same in position, and use in lieu
thereof a "cupped leather" moving with the plunger, the said cupped
leather being fixed to the lower end of the plunger and working in
contact with the interior of the pump barrel. The lower end of the
plunger is by preference hollowed into a cup shape, the edges of the said
hollow or cup protecting the bend of the cupped leather. The cupped
leather is inserted in the said hollow in the end of the plunger, and
fixed therein by means of a screw having a head of a suitable size to
retain the cupped leather in position, or the end of the plunger may be
reduced in diameter and screwed to receive a nut, or a nut and washer
or other suitable means of attachment may be employed,
By the employment of this last-described arrangement constituting
our said Invention a more durable form of leather is used, the con-
struction of the pump is simplified, and the lubrication of the plunger is
rendered more perfect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Cole and Arthur Maxfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th March 1868.
We, ISAAC COLE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and ARTHUR MAXFIELD, of the same Place, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention refers to the arrangement or formation of a slotted slide
carrying the needle bar, in which slot traverses a stud or roller secured
upon a disc which is upon the end of a travelling shaft, the working
of the slotted slide upon the disc keeping the needle and the needle bar
in an accurate position during its upward and downward movement.
Or by another arrangement we propose to work the needle bai by
means of a vibrating arm actuated by a single or double connecting rod,
or by a cam shape motion in the connecting rod, motion being imparted
from the driving shaft.
Our Invention also refers to the arrangement of a vertical lever arm
for driving the shuttle carrier through the medium of an intermediate
lever working from a crank secured upon a driving shaft; we form the

page_text: shuttle carrier so as to work transversely upon a rod, bar, or slide, so
that the ordinary shuttle race is dispensed with, or we can work the
shuttle carrier by means of a series of levers commonly called "lazy-
tongs" in which case they may be made to carry the shuttle, and
may be actuated by means of a crank or stud working in a slot or
otherwise.
Our improvements also relate to the formation of the shuttles of sewing
machines; we form a stud and spring in such manner that the reel
may be sprung in the shuttle, and when in position the stud or spring
will have no bearing upon the reel, which is kept from overrunning
itself by means of another spring fixed at the bottom of the shuttle.
We also propose to use, when preferred, with sewing machines a
system of driving gear, consisting of a driving "crown" wheel in
combination with one or more smaller and similar wheels or cog pinions
upon the travelling shafts.
For the purpose of giving a greater amount of finish to the sewing
machines we propose to engrave the bright steel or iron cloth plates,
or to substitute for such bright plates enamelled iron plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR FORMING CONNECTIONS OR JOINTS TO PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR CONVEYING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1868.
I, ROBERT WILSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR FORMING
CONNECTIONS OR JOINTS TO PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR CONVEYING FLUIDS AND
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate firstly to dispensing with all screwed
threads in gas connections and substituting metallic sockets in which
are formed annular grooves filled with vulcanised india-rubber, thus
forming a female socket into which the tapered nose of a male socket
may be introduced and thus form a perfect gas-tight joint, such male
socket being provided with a suitable shoulder to prevent its being
pushed into the female socket too far, and to steady it in position, the
male part of such socket being screwed or soldered to the pipe to be
connected whilst the female portion of the connection may be affixed
to the gas-fitting to which the gas connection is to be made or
vice versa.

page_text: It will be readily apparent that this Invention affords a ready
method of attaching a pendant to the burner of a chandelier or gas
bracket, the female socket fitting direct on to the burner, and it is
found advantageous for conveying gas temporarily to gas pillars, stoves,
cooking apparatus, or for other purposes.
Secondly. This Invention relates to improvements in unions or con-
nections for conveying water and other liquids through pipes, whereby
a more perfect joint is ensured, and consists in the application of the
annular groove filled with india-rubber to form a female socket, into
which the tapered nose of a male socket is introduced, and which
sockets may or may not be provided with the usual flanges having a
washer placed between them and screwed together in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE CORKS OF BOTTLES CONTAINING CHAMPAGNE AND OTHER EFFERVESCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Henry Thurgar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th January 1868.
I, AUGUSTUS HENRY THURGAR, of the City of Norwich, in the County
of Norfolk, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE CORKS OF BOTTLES CONTAINING
CHAMPAGNE AND OTHER EFFERVESCING LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is
to say:
The Invention consists in an improved arrangement or contrivance
for fastening in the corks of champagne bottles, and of bottles in general
containing effervescent liquids, whereby a better fastening is obtained
and greater facility for opening the bottles is afforded.
The arrangement or contrivance consists of one piece of annealed
wire, which is doubled in unequal lengths; the shorter length is to pass
horizontally round the neck of the bottle, the other after being twisted on
the shorter length for a certain distance is turned upwards a sufficient
distance to extend a little above the top of the cork, when it is turned.
down until it meets the horizontal part of the wire, on which it is again
twisted for a short distance, and then carried up and down as before,

page_text: when the two ends of the wire are twisted together. If required the
wire may be carried up and down more than twice. Each apex or bend
of the wire above the top of the cork is furnished with a small leaden
seal. Instead of employing one piece of wire only the vertical parts
may be formed of a separate piece or pieces rising from loops or eyelets
in the horizontal part. To fasten the cork in the bottle the horizontal
part of the wire is twisted round the neck of the bottle, and the leaden
seals being brought together over the top of the cork the vertical parts
of the wire are twisted together by hand or by pliers, when the seals
can be laid down on the cork. The unfastening is effected by merely
raising the seals with the fingers and untwisting the wires.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FIRE- BRICKS AND FIRE-RESISTING CEMENT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomson Monteith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th October 1868.
I, ROBERT THOMSON MONTEITH, of Dinard, Department of the Ille-et-
Vilaine, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-
BRICKS AND FIRE-RESISTING CEMENT," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to render bricks and cement more
capable of withstanding the effects of heat and the action of fire, by
composing them of a mixture of fire-clay and "oil still coke," a sub-
stance composed principally if not entirely of carbon and left in
the "still" after all the condensable and gaseous portions and products
of liquid and liquefiable at low temperature hydrocarbons (such as
petroleum, paraffin, coal shale, and other mineral oils, and tars, asphalt,
and bitumen) have been distilled or driven off by heat. I propose
to take this coke, to calcine it in a retort, or otherwise reduce it to
powder by any suitable triturating apparatus, and then mix it with
fire-clay, to be afterwards made into bricks, or to be used as a cement

page_text: for manufacturing, luting, or coating any article to be subjected to heat
or fire. In some cases the coke will be left in the "still" in a suitable
state for reduction to powder without further calcination; the fineness or
coarseness of the powder will depend upon the use to which the com-
position of coke and fire-clay is to be applied, and the greater the
proportion of "oil still coke," to fire-clay, consistent with a thorough
binding of the two substances, the more heat resisting will be the
cement or fire-brick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clarke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1868.
I, WILLIAM CLARKE, of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS IN TWIST LACE
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of ornamental fabrics in twist lace machinery. I employ for making
the net or ground of the fabric three warp threads to each bobbin
thread, one of these warp threads is made to twist with a bobbin
thread to form one pillar of the net or fabric, and the other two warp
threads which are made to appear as if twisted together form the other
pillar of the net or fabric, and so on alternately across the whole
breadth of the fabric except where it is desirable to put in draw
threads or form in some portions of the fabric other net or ornamental
work. These pillars are caused to twist and plait together to form the
net ties of the ground of the fabric and again divide and make pillars
as above described. By these means I obtain two pillars to each

page_text: bobbin thread, and both pillars are composed of two threads each, thus
enabling me to produce a lace with double the number of net holes to
what is ordinarily made on the same guage of twist lace machinery
whether of mechlin, wire ground, or blond. Besides the net or ground
fabric threads above described I employ other threads for ornamental 5
purposes in making ornamental fabrics according to this Invention,.
such threads being actuated and moved to and fro in forming the
pattern by the jacquard as is well understood.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR CGATING OF WOVEN FABRICS WHICH ARE TO BE SUB- SEQUENTLY RENDERED LIQUID-PROOF OR NON-INFLAMMABLE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Lever at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1868..
I, ELLIS LEVER, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OR CGATING OF WOVEN FABRICS WHICH ARE TO BE SUB-
SEQUENTLY RENDERED LIQUID-PROOF OR NON-INFLAMMABLE," to be as follows:
My Invention is designed for the purpose of preparing or filling in
the interstices of woven fabrics such as tarpauling, floorcloth, and
brattice cloth in order to render such materials air-tight, water and
fire-proof.
The improvements consist in the application and use of paper pulp.
or fibrous pulp to the surfaces of such woven fabrics, and applied
thereto in a liquid or pulp-like state so as to enter and fill the interstices.
between the warp and weft. The woven fabric may be delivered from
a roller and extended thence over a table, above which is placed a.
receptacle containing the pulp, which issues therefrom in a stream, and

page_text: forms a layer on the fabric passing beneath, and after sufficient
applications of the pulp to one or both sides it is to be passed between
heated drying cylinders, and may afterwards be waterproofed or rendered
non-inflammable, or it may be dyed, embossed, or printed upon with
designs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shore, John Eastwood,
and William Woodhouse Brealey at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th May 1868.
We, THOMAS SHORE, JOHN EASTWOOD, and WILLIAM WOODHOUSE
BREALEY, all of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement
of steam generator and feed water heater intended to be applied to
ordinary and other steam boilers with a view to the more rapid
generation of steam therein and the effecting of greater economy in
fuel.
In carrying out this Invention as applied to an ordinary Cornish boiler,
for example, provided with one or more internal flues and with side or
return flues constructed in the setting, we secure to the back end of
the boiler a small steam generator, which may be of any convenient
form, but should be so shaped and situate as not to interfere with the
draft through the central flue, whilst at the same time the flame and

page_text: heated products of combustion will impinge directly upon it as they
issue from the mouth of the central flue on their way to the side flues.
Along each side flue there extends a pipe in communication at the back
end with the small generator and at the front end with the front of the
main boiler. Upon the top of the small generator there is provided a
steam dome furnished with a removable lid or cover for the facility of
access to the interior of the said generator with a view to repairs,
cleansing, and for other purposes. This steam dome is connected by a
pipe with the ordinary steam dome of the main boiler; communication
is thus established between the respective steam and water spaces of
the main and supplemental generators, the whole forming in effect one
combined steam generator. In order to heat the feed water before
entering the main boiler we pass the cold water pipe into the front end
of one of the generator tubes in the side flues, and continue such pipe
along the interior of such tube, thence through the main body of water
in the small generator, back through the centre of the second one of
the two generator tubes in the opposite side flue, the feed pipe finally
opening into the main boiler itself at the front end thereof. The feed
water it will thus be seen is heated before it enters the main boiler by
the water in the small generator. In some cases in lieu of passing the
cold water pipe entirely through the small generator before connecting
it with the boiler we connect it with one end of one of the side tubes
of the small generator, so that the feed water will flow therein
and enter the boiler from the end of the opposite side tube of the
generator.
CONTRACTING LEVER SCALE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gillman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1868.
I, JAMES GILLMAN, Scale Manufacturer, Wolverhampton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for a "CONTRACTING LEVER
SCALE."
A lever with arms of unequal length acting upon the principle of
distance (see Drawing accompanying this).
Description. A is the fulcrum by which the beam or lever is sus-
pended and on which it freely plays as on an axis; E is the short arm,
and B is the long arm; H is the scale for the reception of goods to be
weighed. A bent arm (N) is extended from the pillar of the fulcrum to
support the long arm (B) of the lever. C is a counterbalance or
opposing weight. The long arm is graduated into divisions by notches
and figures. F is a ball of a certain heaviness which can be slipped
along the bar to any required point. In proportion as the article to be
weighed in the scale (H) is heavy so is the (F) slipped along to a greater
distance from the fulcrum, and when at a point where it balances the
article the figure on the bar at that point indicates the amount of the

page_text: weight; but should the goods placed on the scale (H) exceed the weight
represented by figures on the lever weights are placed on the counter-
balance (C); a small weight placed on C will represent a large bulk
on the opposite scale on account of the increased distance from the
fulcrum. As will be seen by the above this is an ordinary scale beam,
with the exception that the arms being of unequal length small weights
are made to represent larger ones, whilst the long arm of the lever
may be made so light as to turn far more accurately than an ordinary
scale beam.
I claim the arm (N) and the counterbalance (C) as an improvement
in the construction of a scale beam.
And I also claim the application of the principle of contracting
weight to a counter scale beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING IRON SHIPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Cassell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th April 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY CASSELL, of Burdett Road, Limehouse, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING IRON SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in sheathing iron
ships.
Up to the present time there is great need of an effectual sheathing
for iron ships, that is to say, a sheathing which will not corrode the iron
and which whilst it is sufficiently durable will wear away with the action
of the water fast enough to prevent the accumulation of vegetable
and animal growths on the surface. For this purpose I employ sheets
or slabs of cork, it may be of cork in its natural slate or of cork ground
up and again cemented together, but I prefer the former. I cut the
cork into narrow sheets or slabs, and groove the sheets or slabs at the
edges of their sides; metal studs are tapped or fixed into the ship's side,
and these receive upon them metal bands, which are secured by rivetting
or clenching the studs over them. The sheets or slabs of cork are

page_text: held to the ship's side by these bands which enter as tongues into the
grooves of each sheet or slab on each side. The metal bands, are
entirely concealed in the grooves in the cork sheets or slabs, and a
complete flush surface of. cork is obtained over the whole of the part
which is so sheathed. A. grease or composition may be applied between
the ship side and the cork so as to fill all crevices and effectually to.
exclude the water. The cork-itself also may advantageously be saturated
with grease or other material which will gradually waste under the
action of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC IN LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1868.-A communication from abroad by William Hall
and George Hall, both of St. Pierre lès Calais, in the Empire of
France.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FABRIC IN LACE MACHINERY," (communicated to me from abroad by
William Hall and George Hall, both of St. Pierre lès Calais, in the
Empire of France), to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of lace it is necessary in order to obtain fine
muslin (or fining) in the pattern to use fine machines, that is to say,
having a great number of threads in a determined space, but such
perfection of muslin (or fining) is obtained by too much fineness of the
hole or mesh, and consequently only an imperfect imitation of hand-
made lace is obtained in which the hole or mesh is generally rather
large. To obviate this inconvenience it is intended, although using a

page_text: fine machine to double the size of the hole or mesh by uniting two by
two the bobbin threads, which while making the ground (or net)
only form a single thread, but on the contrary are separated while making
the muslin (or fining). For this purpose there is employed with each
set of two bobbin threads two warp threads, one of which is conducted by
the stump bar and the other by one of the independent bars generally
employed for gymping and embroidering. The machine which is used
is that known as Leaver's machine.
In the accompanying Drawing illustrating the Invention the threads a
colored red are the bobbin threads, those marked b and c in white and
blue are the warp threads. The first of these is conducted by a stump
bar and the second by an independent bar. It will be seen that for the
production of the net (or the forming of the hole or mesh) the two bobbin
threads are united, and they are on the contrary separated while making
the muslin (or fining) which is produced by the interlacing (or twisting)
of the two warp threads on the two bobbin threads. In order that the
muslin (or fining) may approach more clearly to that of the hand-made
lace gymp threads are introduced, as indicated by the green lines d.
The same result may be obtained without stump bars by using all
independent bars to conduct the warp threads, but it is preferred to use
the plan above stated which permits of reserving the independent bars
for gymping and embroidering. By this method may be produced with
an eleven points machine a ground (or net) equal in size to a five points
and a half machine, while the muslin (or fining) is that of an eleven
points machine, thereby obtaining a better imitation of the hand-made
lace and presenting a very fine muslin (or fining) on a large ground
(or net).
AN IMPROVED SHAFT TUG
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Dawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1868.
I, JOSEPH DAWSON, of Thames Ditton, in the County of Surrey,
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SHAFT TUG," to be as follows:-
My improved shaft tug consists of a hooked support for the shaft of a
carriage, fastened or capable of being fastened or secured on or to the
back band of the harness for a horse or other animal, and having
side plates, cheeks, or guards so projecting as to keep in place an
ordinary or other strap round itself and the shaft, and to prevent the
strap from becoming pinched or fixed by the weight of the shaft, or
horse, or animal, in the event of the horse or animal falling, the weight
being then taken on the edge of the projecting cheeks. And the manner
in which the Invention is to be performed is as follows:-The hook
may be made of metal with flat surface crossways (covered, it may be,
as hereafter stated) for strap to bear against, and the projecting side
plates, cheeks, or guards may also be of metal, and these may have one
or more bars or cross pins extending from check on one side to cheek

page_text: on the other to keep strap from falling or passing out of the channel
formed for it by the flat surface of hook and the cheeks. The several
parts or some of them may be wholly or partially covered with leather
or other covering, and the complete hook may be fastened to back band
or have a buckle on it for fastening or securing it to an ordinary back
band or to a strap attached to same; this will afford the means of
ready adaptation of the Invention to existing harness. The Invention
generally provides for quick release of an animal from the shafts in the
event of a fall.