IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES, AND IN APparatus used THEREIN.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hayward Perman, of Lionel Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES, AND IN APparatus used
THEREIN.
Sealed the 29th March 1870, and dated the 28th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hayward
Perman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th January 1870.
I, CHARLES HAYWARD PERMAN, of Lionel Street, Birmingham, in the
3 County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES, AND IN APPARATUS USED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hinges of cast or wrought iron, brass, and other metals, and in apparatus
used therein. At the present time it is usual to finish the knuckles of

page_text: hinges by hand filing, and this is a somewhat expensive process.
According to my Invention I finish the knuckles of hinges more cheaply
and accurately by means of circular cutters or cutting wheels with teeth
on their peripheries. I clamp the hinges in holders, and I cause the
holders with the hinges in them to move forward past the circular
cutters, which are caused to revolve continuously. Each cutting wheel
has a semicircular or other portion of a circular groove around its
periphery corresponding in size with the knuckle to be produced, and
teeth are cut in this groove. The hinges as they travel forward come in
succession or otherwise to the first cutting wheel, which removes all
superfluous metal on one side of the knuckle, and then the hinge
passes on to the second cutting wheel which operates similarly on the
opposite side of the knuckle. The hinges of which the knuckles are
thus finished are then removed from the holders which when refilled
with unfinished hinges are replaced so as again to pass the circular 1
cutters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Hayward Perman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HAYWARD PERMAN, of Lionel Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand, eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Hayward Perman,
Her special licence that I, the said Charles Hayward Perman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Hayward Perman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, a
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle

page_text: of Man, an Invention for “InPROVEMENTS IN The Manufacture OF HINGES,
AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN,” upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Charles Hayward Perman, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what: manner the same was. to be performed, and
cause the same to bo filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Hayward Perman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hinges of cast or wrought iron, brass, and other metals, and in apparatus
used therein. At the present time it is usual to finish the knuckles of
hinges by hand filing, and this is a somewhat expensive process.
According to my Invention I finish the knuckles of hinges more cheaply
and accurately by means of circular cutters or cutting wheels with teeth
on their peripheries.. I clamp: the hinges in holders; and I cause the
holders with the hinges in them to move forward past the circular
cutters, or the cutters may move past the holders. The cutters are
caused to revolve continuously. Each cutting wheel has a semicircular
or other portion of a circular groove around its periphery corresponding
in size with the knuckle to be produced, and teeth are cut în this groove.
The hinges come in succession or otherwise to the first cutting wheel
which removes all superfluous metal on one side of the knuckle, and then
the second cutting wheel operates. similarly on the opposite side of the
knuckle.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
11 munaand in descuilin 'the Doing

page_text: a, a, is the bed of the machine; it carries the axis with the fast
and loose pulleys 61 and 6 upon it. On the bed a the saddle c
travels, sliding along guides as the saddle of a lathe travels on the bed.
It receives motion in the following manner :-The bevilled wheel & which
is carried in a bearing on the saddle is able to slide (with groove and
feather) along the axis b, and it drives the bevilled wheel e' on the
transverse axis e. e² is a worm on this axis gearing with the worm wheel f
which slides upon the grooved shaft g and drives it. The shaft g is
supported by bearings c¹, c³, in the saddle, and has a spur wheel g¹
clutched upon it; it drives the screw by means of the pinion . There
is a nut on the saddle through which the screw h works, and thus so
long as the wheel g¹ is clutched to the shaft g whilst the worm wheel f
is rotated the saddle will be carried along the bed. The clutch* 9* can be
thrown out either by the workman or by a projection on the saddle
coming against the stop on the rod i as the saddle moves from right to
left. The rod i is jointed as is shown to the clutch lever, and the stop
upon it can be set in any desired position. When the machine is stopped
the screw can be turned by the hand wheel to run the saddle back.
The saddle carries on a bracket two vertical axes 1, 1, on which are the
circular cutters m, m; the position of these axes and their distance from
each other is capable of a small amount of adjustment. The cutters are
set to the positions required and the clamping nuts of the several parts
are then screwed up tight. is the table on which the hinges, to be
finished are carried; it is adjustable vertically in guides by the screw n².
The top plate 3 of the table has a ridge upon it on which the hinges
are placed and held by the jaws p which are made to grip them by the
screws . To adapt the machine to hinges of different sizes the top
plate n³ of the table can be changed,
In working the machine the parts having been adjusted in position
the hinges are clamped on the table, and the saddle with the cutters is
then caused to traverse and finish the knuckles.
Figure 4 is a section to a larger scale taken at the line 1, 1, Figure 1.
Another arrangement is shewn in Sheet 1 of the Drawings. Figure 5
. is a side view of the apparatus; Figure 6, a plan view, and Figure 7 an
end view of the machine.
a is the driving axis, upon which is a fly wheel 6 and fast and loose
pullies c, c. On the end of the axis is a bevil pinion d gearing with a

page_text: corresponding pinion e' on the vertical axis e which carries one of the
circular cutters. On the axis e is also a toothed wheel e* gearing with a
corresponding wheel on the axis which carries the other circular
cutter; both circular cutters can thus have a continuous revolving
motion imparted to them. 9 is the slide upon which the hinges to be
finished are held; this slide works on dovetail guides, and is moved
to and fro by turning a screw h. The hinges are clamped on to the top
of the slide g, one end of a hinge being placed against the fixed stop /,
and the other end of the hinge having forced against it the moveable
stop; this stop can be moved to and fro by a screw m, as shown in the
enlarged view, Figures 8. The stops, as shown in the Drawings, overlap
the hinge and keep it from rising, and the stop k can be fixed at any
required distance from the moveable stop to suit different lengths of
hinges. When a hinge has been clamped on to the top of the slides g
the slide is by turning the screw / travelled forward; the circular cutter
on the axes and e then act in succession upon the two opposite sides of
the knuckle of the hinge. When the hinge has been moved past the
cutters the hinge is removed and a fresh one fixed in its place on to the
slide g to be similarly acted on by the outters.
A modification of the arrangement of apparatus shown at Figures 5, 6,
7, and 8 is shown at Figure 9. In this modification the upper surface of
the slide in place of being convex is of a concave form, and one rotary
cutter only on a horizontal axis is employed to act on the two sides of
the knuckle of the hinge. The hinge is clamped on to the slide, as in
the arrangement first described, and is by it carried under the circular
cutter. The small portion of the knuckle which will remain unfinished
after the knuckle has been acted on by the rotary cutter as shewn
at Figure 9) can when the hinge has been removed from the slide
be readily ground off, by a revolving stone or wheel when the hinge is
) closed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner

page_text: Second. The general arrangement or combination of apparatus for
finishing the knuckles of hinges, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hayward Perman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and 5
seventy.
C. H. PERMAN. (L.S.)