IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, of Stockton, in the
County of Durham, Ironmaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 3rd July 1866, and dated the 13th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cuthbert Greenwood
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition,
on the 13th January 1866.
I, CUTHBERT GREENWOOD JOHNSON, of Stockton, in the County of Durham,
Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for making
bricks, tiles, and similar articles, and the improvements relate to that class of
machinery for making bricks, tiles, and similar articles in which a stream of
clay is expressed from a pug mill through a moulding die or dies, and is after-
wards cut into lengths.
In constructing machinery of this description according to my Invention I
place the knives or blades of the pug mill on the same axis as that which
carries the screw that is employed for forcing forward the stream of clay
through the moulding die or. dies, the portion of the outer casing of the pug
mill in which the screw works is, by preference, made of smaller diameter

page_text: than the part of the casing in which the blades or knives of the pug mill
work. The exit end of this contracted portion of the casing of the mill is
enlarged into a bell or enlarged mouth, and the end of this bell or enlarged
mouth is closed by a fixed plate which carries a bearing to receive the end of
the shaft of the pug mill; on one side of the bearings of this shaft is placed
the moulding orifice or die through which the clay is to be expressed. By
forming the exit end of the pug mill in this manner the stream of clay is not
divided by the bearing of the pug mill shaft as it is when the moulding orifice
is placed as heretofore, or opposite to the centre of the shaft as is now the
case. Above the top of the mill where the clay is charged into the machine
I place a pair of rollers, between which the clay has to pass before entering
pug mill, these rollers crush any stones there may be in the clay; the
rollers are driven from a wheel on the pug mill shaft.
the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CUTHBERT
GREENWOOD JOHNSON, of Stockton, in the County of Durham, Ironmaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me
the said Cuthbert Greenwood Jobuson, Her special licence that I, the said
Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS,
TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be-performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for making
bricks, tiles, and similar articles, and the improvements relate to that class of
machinery for making bricks, tiles, and similar articles in which a stream of
clay is expressed from a pug mill through a moulding die or dies, and is
afterwards cut into lengths.
In constructing machinery of this description according to my Invention I
place the knives or blades of the pug mill on the same axis as that which
carries the screw that is employed for forcing forward the stream of clay
through the moulding die or dies. The portion of the outer casing of the pug
mill in which the screw works is, by preference, made of smaller diameter
than the part of the casing in which the blades or knives of the pug mill
work; the exit end of this contracted portion of the casing of the mill is
enlarged into a bell or enlarged mouth, and the end of this bell or enlarged
mouth is closed by a fixed plate which carries a bearing to receive the end of
the shaft of the pug mill; on one side of the bearings of this shaft is placed
the moulding orifice or die through which the clay is to be expressed. By
forming the exit end of the pug mill in this manner the stream of clay is not
divided by the bearing of the pug mill shaft as it is when the moulding orifice
is placed opposite to the centre of the shaft as is now the case. Above the
top of the mill where the clay is charged into the machine I place a pair
of rollers between which the clay has to pass before entering the pug mill,
these rollers crush any stones there may be in the clay; the rollers are driven
from a wheel on the pug mill shaft.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a machine constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 2 shows a diagram of the same.
a is the shaft, the outer bearing b for this shaft is carried by the bracket c,
which is cast with and forms part of the end cover of the pug mill d, d. On
the shaft a are inclined blades a¹, a', and also a screw a²; the outer case d, d,
of the pug mill is for the most part cylindrical, having a closed cover at the

page_text: end where the clay or brick earth is fed in through a hopper into the cylinder;
the cylinder d, d, then contracts and is again cylindrical for some length, and
within this part the screw a², a², works and propels the clay or brick earth
through a moulding orifice or orifices below the bearing f of the shaft a. The
end of the cylinder d, d, may be of a conical or bell or other shape where the
end cover is fixed, so long as it admits of the moulding die or dies being on
one side or clear of the shaft a and its bearings.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
combined arrangement and construction herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
CUTH. G. JOHNSON. (LS.)