IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OR FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: ·LETTERS PATENT to Nicolas Alexis Grumel, formerly a Dyer, and at present
Ink Manufacturer in Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS OR FABRICS."
Sealed the 29th September 1859, and dated the 8th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicolas Alexis Grumel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th April 1859.
I, NICOLAS ALEXIS GRUMEL, formerly a Dyer, and at present Ink Manu-
facturer in Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON, WOOL, SILK,
FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS OR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relatos to means of obtaining a fast black dye and the shades
thereof without the use of indigo. In order that the process may be
understood, I will describe it as employed for operating upon, say, 11 lbs.
(5 kilogrammes, French) of cotton in the hank; for other quantities a similar
proceeding will be required, the quantities being augmented proportionally..

page_text: I prepare a mordant as follows:-About lb. (250 grammes) of bichromate !
of potash, and about lb. (70 grammes) of crystallized soda, dissolve in
about 8 pints (2 litres) of water to form the bath. In this bath I plunge a
fifth part of the cotton, which should be well dried after it has been treated
as described with the first bath; when taken out of the second bath I wring
or press the cotton, and complete as will be described. I also make a
solution of about 15 lbs. (500 grammes) of bichromate of potash, and about
lb. (125 grammes) of crystallized soda in about 17 pints (10 litres) of
water. I pour a quarter of this solution into the mordant bath, from which
has just been withdrawn the first quantity of cotton; I steep in this bath thus
strengthened a fresh quantity of cotton to set and withdraw it as above.
I add again to the bath a quarter of the solution, plunge another fifth (1 kilo-
gramme) of the cotton, withdraw it, and then strengthen the mordant in the
same manner in proportion to the fresh quantities of cotton introduced into
it till all has been completed.
When the cotton is withdrawn from the mordant, it is completed in the
ordinary manner. Linen, silk, and other yarn are treated in a similar manner
as cotton yarn.
Similar means will be employed for fabrics composed of these materials.
When the cotton in the piece contains silk in combination with wool, I plunge
it firstly in a boiling bath of campeachy wood; the bath is then changed, and
the piece of fabric is immersed in a mordant of the same degree of heat,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Nicolas Alexis Grumel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICOLAS
ALEXIS GRUMEL, formerly a Dyer, and at present Ink Manufacturer in Paris,
in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Nicolas Alexis Grumel, Her special licence that I, the said Nicolas Alexis
Grumel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the.
said Nicolas Alexis Grumel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
OR FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Nicolas
Alexis Grumel, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describo and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in tho
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicolas Alexis Grumel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:―
The Invention relates to means of obtaining a fast black dye and the shades
thereof without the use of indigo.
.
In order that the process may be understood, I will describe it as employed
for operating upon, say, 11 lbs. (5 kilogrammes, French) of cotton in the

page_text: it, firstly, in a boiling bath of campeachy wood; the bath is then changed,
and the piece of fabric is immersed in a mordant of the same degree of heat,
containing of sulphate of copper and of bichromate of potash. Fabrics
composed entirely of wool are treated in a similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicolas Alexis Grúmel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
0
NICOLAS ALEXIS GRUMEL. (L.S.)
Witness,
A. PERPIGNA,
42, Rue Neuve St. Augustin, Paris.