Mode of Preparing a Homogeneous Mixing Product of Mealy or Powdered Substances of Heterogeneous Composition, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Mode of Preparing a Homogeneous Mixing Product of Mealy or
Powdered Substances of Heterogeneous Composition, and in
Apparatus therefor.
I, OTTO FAHNEHJELM, Klarabergsgatan 42 of Stockholm in the Kingdom
of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:―
The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for storing, mixing and
equalizing at the same time mealy or powdered substances of all kinds especially
cement and crude cement.
The principle, forming the ground of this invention, is based on the observation
that meal, which runs freely out of a pipe and falls on a floor, forms a heap, which
increases in such a way that the meal gathered during a certain period spreads over
the whole heap or over greater parts of its surface, if the heap is great. From
time to time there is thus formed a new thin layer of meal, covering the whole heap,
which may thus be said to consist of a great number of layers each answering to the
meal gathered during a relative short period. If the composition or quantity of the
meal differs from time to time, such quantity of meal is not accumulated at the same
place, but spread over the whole.
The apparatus necessary for the execution of this process which can at the same
time be used as a store for meal, consists in a structure of preferably circular or
polygonal section. Within the same one or more bottoms, placed the one above
the other, are arranged, which, when the apparatus is round or polygonal, are
drawn out conically from the vertical centre line of the apparatus, and depend
on all sides at an angle that is equal to the angle of inclination which the upper
surface of the meal heap obtains, that arises when the meal intended for mixing and
storing falls on a plane. The apparatus preferred has a circular circumference
and is provided with four bottoms. These bottoms pass from the walls upwards
towards the centre but finish at a distance from the same, leaving an open space
in the middle of the apparatus in which an upright supply pipe provided with
branch pipes to each bottom is arranged, which branch pipes may at pleasure be
closed by means of a slide. The supply pipe is supported by a shaft which; by
means of motive power supplied to its gearing, is kept in a slow rotation, during
which the meal, that is fed down at the top of the supply pipe, is let off on the
bottom or bottoms, whose branch pipes are kept open.
The bottonis may finish in a point, situated in the centre of the apparatus. The
supply pipe is solid with a branch pipe opening above the centre or point. of each
bottom. According to the size the bottoms are, by means of thin partitions,
divided in radial direction, thus forming a greater or smaller number of sector-
shaped chambers. These partitions however may be dispensed with. The meal
that is to be mixed, is introduced in the centre of the apparatus, that is to say, on
the highest point of the floor or the bottom, and is, by means of the inclination of
the floor or bottoms, evenly distributed over the whole surface. One bottom being
filled, a mass of meal of almost the same thickness is distributed over the whole floor
and wheresoever a greater or smaller sample of the meal from the surface to the
bottom is taken out, this meal will contain constitueuts or samples from all the
layers, or constitutes a general sample of all the meal during different periods
introduced on the bottom. The meal in this way uniformly deposited is thus in

page_text: vertical section equally composed, while the different horizontal sections can vary
in any way among themselves. This variation is accommodated at the emptying of
the bottoms, whereby a re-mixing of the layers takes place. The emptying is
effected by means of a number of channels arranged at the lower edge of the floor
and closed by means of adjustable shutters by the opening of which the meal being
above runs down partly by itself, partly by aid of shovelling, which, the floor being
inclined, demands but little work. From each of the sector-shaped chambers into
which the bottoms are suitably divided, one or two such channels lead. Through
these channels the meal can be conducted partly to packing devices as casks and
bags, partly as may be considered suitable in certain cases to a ground floor or
cellar, which may also be provided with an inclined floor. In this chamber by
emptying a bottom the meal is introduced, which is distributed in the different
sector-chambers in such a way that one chamber is emptied at the time. Thereby
the meal next to the shutters is first run down, and then the meal, higher up
on the floor, is shovelled down, whereby the different layers of meal, of which each
such meal quantity is composed, will be inixed with each other, partly in consequence
of the running down along the floor, partly by the rushing through the shoots and
partly by the falling against the floor in the cellar, whereby the same are mixed and
distributed in new horizontal layers. Sector after sector is thus emptied, whereby
the contents of the different sectors will be mixed so that the meal cellar will contain'
a uniform and evenly mixed product.
Dated this 20th dow of Datohor 1904
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
'Mode of Preparing a Homogeneous Mixing Product of Mealy or
Powdered Substances of Heterogeneous Composition, and in
Apparatus therefor.
I OTTO FAHNEHJELM, Engineer of Klarabergsgatan No. 42, Stockholm in the
Kingdom of Sweden do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The
present invention relates to a process and apparatus for storing, mixing and
equalizing at the same time mealy or powdered substances of all kinds especially
cement and crude cement.
For storing and equalizing large quantities of corn and other substances of
approximately spherical form, the so-called silos commonly used are unsurpassable.
In these high turret shaped chambers the mass can be kept in a constant motion,
a small part of the mass running continually out of an opening in the bottom of
the silo. During this the mass behaves as the sand in a sand-glass, all the layers
are in motion and the escaping part comes not only from the bottom layer in the
silo, but from all the layers from the bottom to the top. Excellent as may be
the work of this apparatus with corn, it cannot advantageously be used for mixing
uniformly or equalizing meal. The meal particles being not rounded off as the
grains of corn, but angular, the meal will bind together and catch on the walls of
the silo.
The principle forming the ground of this invention, is based on the observation,
that meal, when it is caused to run freely out of a pipe and fall on to a floor,
forms a heap. Meal poured thereon at any time spreads over the whole heap, or
over the greater part of its surface if the heap is very large. From time to time
there is thus formed a new thin layer of meal covering the whole heap which may

page_text: thus be said to consist of a great number of conical layers each answering to the
meal fed thereto during a relatively short period. If the composition or quality of
the meal differs from time to time, such quantity of meal is not accumulated at the
same place but spread over the whole.
The apparatus necessary for the execution of this process which can at the same
time be used as a store house for the meal, consists of a structure of preferably
circular or polygonal section. Within the same are erected one or more floors
placed one above the other which when the apparatus is round or polygonal extend
conically downwards from the vertical centre line of the apparatus being inclined
on all sides at an angle that is equal to the angle of inclination which the upper
surface of a meal heap assumes when meal falls on a level plane.
In the annexed drawing Fig. 1 shows a vertical section of a preferred form of
the apparatus and Fig. 2 a horizontal section on the line A-B of Fig. 1. It has
in this case a circular circumference and is provided with four floors a. These
floors extend from the walls upwards towards the centre but terminate at some
distance from the centre leaving an open space in the middle of the apparatus in
which an
upright supply pipe 6 provided with branch pipes cover each floor is
arranged. These branch pipes may at pleasure be closed by means of a slide.
The supply pipe 6 is centrally traversed by and is carried by a vertical shaft d
which by means of motive power supplied through gearing e is kept in slow rotation
during the time that the meal is fed to the top of the supply pipe b. Such meal is
thus distributed onto those floors over which the branch pipes are kept open.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section and Fig. 4 a horizontal section on the line A-B of
an apparatus forming a storehouse of semicircular shape. Here the floors may rise
to the vertical centre line of the flat side of the apparatus. The supply pipe b
carries a branch pipe c opening above the apex of each floor. According to their
size the floors are divided by means of thin partitions i in radial directions, thus
forming a greater or smaller number of sectorshaped chambers k. These partitions
however may be dispensed with. The meal that is to be mixed is introduced in
the centre of the apparatus that is to say on the highest point of the floor and, by
means of the inclination of the floor or bottoms is evenly distributed over the
whole surface. The space above a floor being thus filled the mass of meal of such
floor is almost of the same thickness over the whole floor and wherever sample
of the meal from the surface to the bottom is taken out, this meal will contain
constituents or samples from all the layers and constitute a general sample of all
the meal that during different periods has been spread over the floor. The meal
uniformly deposited in this way is thus of equal composition in vertical section
although the different horizontal sections may vary in any way among themselves.
This variation is removed on the emptying of the floors, when a remixing of the
layers takes place. The emptying is effected by means of a number of channels f
arranged at the lower edge of the floor and closed by means of adjustable shutters
by the opening of which the meal above may run down. This, it will do partly by
itself and partly by the aid of shovelling which, the floor being inclined requires
but little work. From each of the sector shaped chambers k into which the floors
are suitably divided one or two such channels lead. Through these channels the
meal can be led to casks or bags or other means for packing or transport, or when
considered suitable in certain cases it may be diverted to a ground floor or cellar h
which may also be provided with an inclined floor. When emptying the contents
of a floor into this chamber the meal distributed in different sector chambers k is
emptied one chamber at the time. The meal next to the shutters g first runs down
and then the meal higher up on the floor is shovelled down whereby the different
layers of meal of which each such meal quantity is composed will be mixed with
each other, partly in consequence of the running down along the floor partly by the
rushing through the shoots and partly by the falling on against the floor in the
cellar, which meal is distributed in new layers. Sector after sector is thus emptied
whereby the contents of the different sectors will be superposed so that the meal
cellar will contain a uniform and evenly mixed product.
g

page_text: Also meal from two or more floors can be mixed by emptying the sectors
situated one above the other at the same time into the meal cellar. From the
lowermost part of the cellar floor the meal can be brought away by aid of a
conveyor for packing or further preparation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I, declare, that what I
claim is :--
1. The mode of preparing a homongenous mixture of mealy or powdered
substances by permitting the meal or powder to fall down on the upper point of an
inclined plane or floor, having about the same angle of inclination towards the
horizontal plane as the upper surface of a heap formed when the said material has
been permitted to fall down freely onto a horizontal plane in order by the
distribution of the particles thus effected in thin layers covering each other to
obtain a completely homogenous mixture.
2. Apparatus for executing the process claimed above consisting in a room or
building with substantially circular or sector shaped ground plan in which room
one or more floors are arranged, which, extending from the vertical centre line of
the room, are inclined to the same angle as the upper surface of a heap or cone,
formed by the meal or powder falling freely down on a horizontal plane; a supply
pipe arranged vertically and preferably rotarily in the centre of the room, and
branch pipes projecting from the same over the uppermost point of each floor in
order that the material (meal, granular material, powder) introduced in the vertical
pipe, may be spread equally over the floor or floors over which the branch pipes
have been opened.
3. In the apparatus claimed above at the circumference of the floors vertical or
inclined shoots communicating with the floors, which shoots lead to packing
chambers or to a receiving cellar with or without conically inclined floor and are
provided with means for opening and closing them.
4. In the apparatus described in Claim 2 the floors divided by means of radial
strips or partitions in sector shaped spaces or divisions each of which can be
.connected with one or more drain chutes, for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 25th day of July 1895
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to the Applicant.