Year: 1885

page_text: We, GEORGE ALLAN of Corngreaves Iron Works near Birmingham, Engineer, and
THOMAS TURNER of Corngreaves Iron Works near Birmingham Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification to Rose's Patent No 16,147 of 1884 is described the manu-
facture of bars, plates and other articles of metal compounded of iron and steel,
effected by casting steel into ingot moulds having placed in them a number of bars
or pieces of iron which become enclosed, in and in a manner welded to the steel that
is poured among them. Our invention relates to appliances for holding and heating
the bars that are placed in the ingot mould and for pouring the molten steel among
them. In order to hold in position the bars that are placed in the mould, we form
a frame consisting of two plates connected together by three or four of the bars,
these plates having holes into which the other bars are inserted at the desired
intervals apart, the whole thus forming a cage of bars which is placed in the mould
to receive the molten steel. The steel may be poured in from above through holes
in the upper plate or it may be admitted from a runner below the mould to rise
through holes in the lower plate. When it is most convenient to pour from above,
we prefer to guide the metal down a central tube of wrought iron or steel, this tube
being slit along the side or perforated near its lower end with holes sufficient to
allow the molten metal to flow out from it laterally. Such a tube may consist of
two pieces of angle iron attached to the upper and lower plates, these angle irons
being placed so as to form between them a rectangular passage having a slit open
along each side between the ribs which do not quite meet each other. Instead of
using plates to hold the ends of the bars, these ends may be embraced by concentric
rings or clamped between transverse bars. Or a single plate or set of rings or clamps
may be used at the top of the mould, the bars hanging down from it. When the
bars are of moderate length, they might be arranged to stand up from a single plate
(which may be of cast iron cast around their ends) placed at the bottom of the
mould, or from a bed of moulding sand, loam or refractory material into which the
ends of the bars are inserted or rammed. Generally it is preferable to heat the bars
before the steel is poured into the mould. This may be done by sending a flame
from a runner below, up into the mould after the bars are placed therein, or, when
the bars are arranged together as a cage, this cage may be heated before it is placed
in the mould.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Appliances for Producing Ingots Compounded of Iron and Steel.
We, GEORGE ALLAN, of Corngreaves Iron Works near Birmingham, Engineer, and
THOMAS TURNER, of Corngreaves Iron Works, near Birmingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In the Specification to Rose's Patent No 16,147 of 1884 is described the manu-
facture of bars, plates and other articles of metal compounded of iron and steel
or of several kinds of steel effected by casting steel into ingot moulds having placed
in them a number of bars or pieces of iron or steel which become enclosed in the
steel that is poured among them. Our invention relates to appliances for holding
and heating the bars that are placed in the ingot mould, and for pouring the molten
steel among them. In order to hold in position the bars that are placed in the
mould we form a frame consisting of two plates connected together by three or
four of the bars, these plates having holes into which the other bars are inserted at
the desired intervals apart, the whole thus forming a cage of bars which is placed
in the mould to receive the molten steel. The steel may be poured in from above
through holes in the upper plate or it may be admitted from a runner below to rise
through holes in the lower plate. When it is most convenient to pour from above,
we prefer to guide the metal down a central tube of wrought iron or steel, this tube
being slit along the side or perforated near its lower end with holes sufficient to
allow the molten metal to flow out from it laterally. Such a tube may consist of
two pieces of angle iron attached to the upper and lower plates, these angle irons
being placed so as to form between them a rectangular passage, having a slit open
along each side between the ribs which do not quite meet each other. Instead of
using plates to hold the ends of the bars, these ends may be embraced by concentric
rings or clamped between transverse bars. Or a single plate or set of rings or
clamps may be used at the top of the mould, the bars hanging down from it. When
the bars are of moderate length, they may be arranged to stand up from a single
plate (which may be of cast iron cast around their ends), placed at the bottom of
the mould, or from a bed of moulding sand, loam or refractory material into which
the ends of the bars are inserted or rammed. Generally it is preferable to heat the
bars before the steel is poured into the mould. This may be done by sending a
flame, from a runner below, up into the mould after the bars are placed therein, or
when the bars are arranged together as a cage, this cage may be heated before it is
placed in the mould.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section and Fig. 2 is a plan of
an ingot mould A containing a number of bars B which are held in position by two
plates P into which the ends of the bars are inserted, some of the bars being
rivetted into the plates. In the plan Fig. 3 several flat bars B are held in a similar
manner. A cage of bars such as is shewn in side view by Fig. and in plan by
Fig. 5 may be prepared in the following manner. In a mould, of which Fig. 7 is a
section the bars B are placed as shewn in Fig. 6, and a steel or iron plate P is cast
about them, When the casting of the compound ingot is to be made by running

page_text: the metal into the mould from below as shewn in Fig. 1, holes H or notches N are
formed in the plates which hold the ends of the bars. When the bars are not of
great length, they may be held in a single plate as shewn in Figs. 8 and 9. When
the metal is run into the mould from above, a conduit for the molten metal may be
formed by two angle irons G as shewn in Figs. 10 and 11 or by a tube T as shown
in Figs. 10 and 114, lateral passages or holes being left for issue of the metal.
The bars may be made in staple form held in one plate as shewn in Figs. 12 and 13.
Instead of bars, wires may be cast into the ingot as shewn in side view at Fig. 14
and in plan at Fig. 15. Two plates P are held at a certain distance apart by
bolts B, and wires W are strung upwards and downwards through holes in the
plates. As shewn in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, a bar B¹ may be fixed in the plate P and
other sets of bars B and B³ may be placed around it and held in position by hoops
or rings R. Instead of a central bar B1, a tube T may be used as shewn in Figs. 19
and 20, this tube being perforated at the sides to allow outflow of metal. As
shewn in Figs. 21, 22 and 23, the bars B may be kept apart by distance pieces D
placed between them, these pieces being held in position by hoops Q, or by through
bolts S or both. A bundle of bars may be held together as shewn in Figs. 24, 25
and 26 by a helical bar X or a ring R. The bars themselves may be helical as
shewn in plan by Fig. 27 and in section by Fig. 28; these helical bars X and X'
being secured to end plates P held apart by a central bar B. Fig. 29 is a sectional
plan and Figs. 30 and 31 are elevations of part of a cage consisting of vertical
bars B secured to end plates P and cross bars B₁ secured to side plates P¹ which are
themselves secured to the end plates P. The bars may be held in a diagonal
position, as shown in Fig. 32, by passing through holes in side plates P2, the bars B¹
having heads B³ to prevent them from passing farther through the plates. Instead
of using side plates to hold cross bars, these cross bars, as shewn in Fig. 33, may be
lengths of a single bar B bent to and fro transversely across the vertical bars B
and having its ends secured to the end plates P.
Fig. 34 is a section of an ingot mould A with a number of bars B held in position
in it by having their ends inserted in holes in a slab F of fire clay or other suitable
refractory material. When the metal is run in from below, a runner U is formed
in the fire clay as shown in Fig. 34. As shown in Fig. 35 taper holes may be
formed in the bottom M of the mould, the bars B being held by ramming gannister
or sand G around them and steadied by passing through holes in the cover C.
For the purpose of heating the bars, the cage may be placed in a furnace or sub-
jected to a gas flame such as is employed for heating the interior of a ladle. Or
for heating the bars within the mould the arrangement shewn in the section Fig. 36
may be adopted. The mould A being raised a little by pieces L from its base M
so as to admit air, gas is supplied by a temporary pipe G to enter the mould by a
runner passage U and the products of combustion escape by a temporary funnel N.
When the cage of bars is sufficiently heated, the mould is lowered on its base, and
the gas passage is closed by a plug V and cover W as shewn in section by Fig. 37
and in side view by Fig. 38. A flame of gas and air may enter by the runner U
as shown in Fig. 39, the bars B in this case having their ends held in a lining piece F
of fire clay or other refractory material. Fig. 40 is a section shewing the ingot
mould A and the cage of bars B within it suspended over a culvert to which gas
is supplied in quantity regulated by a valve Y, air entering under the mould at Z.
When the cage is sufficiently heated, the gas supply is shut off by closing the
valve Y, and the mould and cage are removed by a crane to the casting pit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we hereby declare
that we make no claim to the manufacture of bars, plates or other articles of
compound metal by casting steel into a mould in which a number of bars or pieces
of iron or steel are placed, but what we claim is :—
1. In the manufacture of compound ingots by casting steel around bars or
other pieces of iron or steel, securing such bars or pieces firmly together so as to

page_text: . form a cage that is held steadily within the mould while the molten metal is cast
around them, substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings Fig. 1 to Fig. 35 inclusive.
2. Heating the cage of bars within the ingot mould by the combustion of gas
and air admitted below; substantially as described with reference to Figs. 36 to
40 inclusive.