IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN EXPRESSING OILS FROM SEEDS AND FROM SUBSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH MATTERS ARE CONTAINED
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Pickering, of Hull, in the County
of the Town or Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, Seed Crusher, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN EXPRESSING
OILS FROM SEEDS AND FROM SUBSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH MATTERS ARE
CONTAINED."
Sealed the 3rd November 1868, and dated the 7th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Pickering
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 7th May 1868.
I, BENJAMIN PICKERING, of Hull, in the County of the Town or
Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, Seed Crusher, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN
EXPRESSING OILS FROM SEEDS AND FROM SUBSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH MATTERS
ARE CONTAINED," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate, firstly, to the metal plates between which the
bags containing the oily substances to be pressed are placed. These-

page_text: plates as hitherto used have been of metal cast with corrugations or ribs
on their interior surfaces; these are inconveniently heavy in use, and so
bulky that only one cake can be compressed in one of the ordinary boxes
of a hydraulic press. These plates according to my Invention are not of
cast metal, but are rolled in iron or steel, and by this process a much
thinner and lighter plate is obtained. In addition, my plates are cor-
rugated only transversely, and have no longitudinal rib whatever on
either side, so that there is nothing to retard the exit of the oil.
My improvements relate, secondly, to the use of a division piece in
each press box, which division piece is interposed between two portions
of the material to be compressed, and is free to rise and fall or slide
vertically with the material in the box. By the use of this sliding
division, and from the plates being so thin, I am enabled to compress.
two cakes instead of one in each press box.
In some cases I dispense with the moveable or sliding division în the
press box, and still work two cakes in each press box.
By the use of my improved thin plates as described, I can express
double the quantity of cakes that can be done with the ordinary
hair wrappers now generally in use.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Pickering in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
PICKERING, of Hull, in the County of the Town or Borough of Kingston-
upon-Hull, Seed Crusher, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Pickering, Her special licence
that I, the said Benjamin Pickering, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Pickering, my exccutors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS USED IN EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS FROM SEEDS AND
FROM SUBSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH MATTERS ARE CONTAINED,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Pickering, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their; or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Pickering, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
o
I. My improvements relate, firstly, to the metal plates between which
the bags containing the oily substances to be pressed are placed. These
plates as hitherto used have been of metal cast with corrugations or ribs
on their interior surfaces. These are inconveniently heavy in use and
so bulky that only one cake can be compressed in one of the ordinary
boxes of an hydraulic press. The plates according to my Invention are
not of cast metal, but are rolled in iron or steel, and by this process. a
much thinner and lighter plate is obtained. In addition, my plates are
corrugated only transversely, and have no longitudinal rib whatever on
either side, so that there is nothing to retard the exit of the oil.
II., My improvements relate, secondly, to the use of a division piece in
each press box, which division piece is interposed between two portions
of the material to be compressed, and is free to rise and fall, or slide
vertically with the material in the box. By the use of this sliding
division, and from the plates being so thin, I am enabled to compress
two cakes instead of one in each press box.
In order that the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, may be distinctly described and ascertained,

page_text: I to this Specification append a Sheet of Drawings having figures and
letters of reference marked thereupon.
In these Drawings Figure 1 is a side view of a pair of plates
constructed according to my Invention, connected or hinged together;
Figure 2 is a plan of a plate. These two views show the transverse ribs
or corrugations produced by the rolling, as herein-before described in
that part of this Specification marked I. When it is found that the side
plates of the press boxes become grooved by long use, or present a rough
or uneven surface, I rivet a strip of leather on each side of each of my
improved rolled plates so as to form an edge to the same.
This edging
will keep the bag containing the substance to be pressed from pressing
too much towards the side plates of the press box, thus preventing the
tendency to wear or cut the bag. The edging will be found also to
facilitate the stripping of the bag from the cake, inasmuch as the cake
will have a thinner edge.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate this modification of my Invention, Figure 3
being a side view of a pair or set of plates with the edging e rivetted on,
and Figure 4 a plan of a plate with the edging e. I purpose applying
this edging and using it with plates other than those of my Invention,
that is to say, I may use it with cast plates.
Figure 5 is an elevation in part of a hydraulic press, showing the press
boxes in position, and illustrating the use and construction of the sliding
division piece d, herein-before described in that part of this Specification
marked II. In some cases I dispense with the moveable or sliding
division in the press box, and still work two cakes in each press box.
By the use of my improved thin plates as described, I can express
double the quantity of cakes that can be done with the ordinary hair
wrappers now generally in use.
Having now 'distinctly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
I wish it to be distinctly understood that what I claim as of my
Invention is, the construction and use of plates of rolled metal, and the
construction and use therewith in some cases of a sliding piece or
division, all as herein in this Specification 'described or in the Drawing
illustrated.
In addition I claim the leather edging for the plates, which edging is

page_text: also herein described and illustrated, whether such edging be used with
my improved rolled plates or with cast plates.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Pickering, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
B. PICKERING, Jr.
BENJAMIN PICKERING. (L.S.)