Improvements in Clearing or Clarifying and Filtering Apparatus.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 16th Feb., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Clearing or Clarifying and Filtering Apparatus.
We, ANTON WILHELM THEODORE HÜLSSNER, Architect, of Mozartstrasse 1, and
PAUL ROHRIG, Physicist, both of Leipzig, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Figs. 1, 2 & 3 shew one form of the apparatus. Fig. 4 is a modification &
Figs. 5, 6, & 7 a further modification. Figs. 8 to 15 are diagrams to shew the mode
of working.
This invention relates to an automatical clearing and filtering apparatus con-
sisting of exchange and twin filters for clearing water containing dirt or other
matter or any kind of sewage, refuse water, or liquids, either by using benzine,
petroleum, or other thin oils or by using water only, or the liquids in a cleaned
state which become filtrates by their passage under pressure.
The exchange and twin filter consists of four receivers connected together which
are marked I. II. III. IV. in Fig. 2 each consisting of an under and an upper
construction.
The under construction of the whole comprises four front sink or clearing
spaces or chambers A which act alternately. The first chamber contains muddy
water entering at the admission tube e passing to the filter e and filters upwardly
through the latter.
The second chamber also containing muddy water receives oil which passes
through the filter e downwards and cleans the same, while the muddy water takes
its way from the front sink chamber A to the back sink chamber A.
The third chamber contains oil and its filter has been cleaned by the latter,
whereby the dirt saturated with water is separated from the filter and carried down-
wards: the oil passes back the same way, from the front sink chamber A through
the filter e upwards into the filter chamber B.
The fourth chamber is also filled with muddy water which is without movement,
until the cleared water is drawn off from over its filter c.
The four back sink chambers or clearing chamber's A¹ contain only muddy water.
In the first the muddy water is at rest, in the second the muddy water from the
front sink chamber A moves towards the pipe n; in the third the muddy water
moves in the direction from the pipe n to the front sink chamber A and in the
fourth the muddy water is at rest as in the first.
The upper construction comprises four lofty filter chambers B which operate
alternately in the following manner.
The first which previously contains oil, is gradually filled with the filtered water.
from the front sink chamber A through the filter e and the oil in the same is
removed to and through the upper communication opening f; the second filter
chamber previously filled with oil is filled again with the oil from the communica-
tion opening f, which drives the oil with which it was previously filled through
the filter e downwards into the front sink or clearing chamber whereby the filter
017

page_text: is cleaned, the third which contains also oil is again filled with the oil from the
front sink chamber A through the filter e and removes the first oil filling to and
through the communication opening f.
The fourth filter chamber, which previously contains filtered water is filled with
oil from the communication opening f whilst the cleared water passes to the
delivery K.
The other parts of the exchange and twin filters are as follows.
The falling and rising pressure pipe a, a¹ for the admission of muddy water is
connected to the distribution pipe 6 from this again branch four pipes c each of
which possesses a valve c¹ in order to be able to operate the admission of the dirty
water alternately.
The pipe is for passage of thin liquid oil, and the valves d of this longi-
tudinal pipe are so arranged as to be in connection one with each of the branch
pipes c.
These valves are only used for the admission of the oil for filling the receivers
or for emptying purposes.
The four filters consist of four grates e with filtering material thereon.
The filtering material is arranged upon the grates in any suitable manner
according to the liquid to be filtered.
The two communication openings with valves f; connect on the top the filter
chambers III and III-IV; their valves are only provided in order to effect
the necessary filling of the chambers of the receivers or to isolate any of the filter
chambers from the others, during filtration the valves f are always open.
Four air admission and delivery pipes with valves are provided on the top of
the filter chambers; these are only required during the filling and emptying of
the chambers.
Four man holes with doors allow entrance into the filter chambers, after
the filtered water is separated or emptied out of any of them, in order to renew or
clean the filtering material in case of necessity, or to inspect the interior.
Four collecting chambers for cleaned water i are connected to four delivery
pipes K for the cleaned water provided with four valves K¹ of these however only
that valve is opened where the cleaned water is to be drawn off to pass into the
common delivery channel for the clean water.
The common pressure distributing pipe m is in communication with four branch
pressure conducting pipes n, which are provided with four valves n' and end in
the back sink chambers A¹
By this pipe n, through which muddy water passes, the pressure can be com-
municated from any back sink chamber for instance A¹ II to any other back
sink chamber for instance A¹ IV, if the corresponding valves n¹ II and IV
are opened, while the valves of the other chambers I and n¹ III are closed.
Four air admission and delivery pipes with valves o are provided for the back
sink chambers in order to allow the escape of the air during the filling.
By four mud delivery pipes which are also provided with four valves p¹ the
mud can be drawn off if a valve 7 of the mud delivery pipe and a valve c¹ of the
dirty water admission pipe of the corresponding receiver is opened. The mud
collected in the sink chambers A and A¹ (as by the force of the flow of dirty water
from the admission pipe centering the chamber A and passing through to A¹
pressure is directed to the mud delivery pipe p) is carried into the pipe p.
When using water only for cleaning the filter surfaces the following parts of the
twin and exchange filter are abolished; the oil pipe d and the oil branch pipes
with valves d¹.
The apparatus is shown in the annexed drawings as a partly sunk construction
in Figs. 1-3 and as an above ground construction in Fig. 4.
In Fig. 4 the outflow of the cleaned water is arranged to act by suction, as by
the arrangement of the delivery pipe K provided with a considerable vertical fall
to the receiving pipe 7 the filtered water is sucked or drawn out of the chamber B
through the outlet i, in order in this case to produce a more direct fall for

page_text: producing the suction, we may also employ the construction shown in Figs. 5-6
and 7. The front sink or clearing chambers are the same as described before.
The pressure pipes ?, ? Figs. 5, 6, and 7 serve also as the mud delivery pipes.
The pressure or mud delivery pipes are connected to the under part of the sink
chambers (at the narrowest place of the funnel form) and curve from a short
horizontal passage into a vertical direction and end again in the pressure dis-
tributing and mud delivery pipe, the purpose of which again is to provide for
pressure distribution with simultaneous mud delivery.
Two branch pipes 7710 7,10 are connected at two ends of the pressure distributing
and mud delivery tube p, their outflow is arranged interiorly at two sides and in
opposite direction at the highest part of the common mud collecting receiver A10.
The common mud collecting receiver A10 has its under part over a mud removal
truck for the purpose of removing the mud, or if desired it may have lower down
a closable opening which may remain continually opened in proportion to the
mud separation or may deliver the collected mud intermittently according to
necessity.
The process is the same as with the other constructions.
The united pipe system has the purpose of so manipulating the pressure direction
of the current that the mud delivery is effected simultaneously with the process
of filtration, as the slackening of the current in the mud collecting or distributing
pipe is effected thereby, so that the mud is separated from the water, sinks by its
own weight and is retained, and then allowed to pass or fall out of the receiver.
A systematical working of the exchange and twin filter is obtained by grouping
or connecting as in manner aforesaid 2 x 2 = 4 filtering chambers, which form
together a whole.
In the filter group (of 4 filters) the process is continuous excepting only during
the very short time taken for the closing and opening of the valves, which change
the direction, or in other words change the pressure in order to let in dirty water
and to let out the cleaned water continuously.
Presuming the various chambers of the filter to be charged as before described,
the process will proceed as follows;-
-
1st stage. Unfiltered water is passed into filter I from inlet c. Pressure valves nº
are opened for filters II and III thus putting the chambers A¹ of these two filters
in communication, and outlet valve K is opened from filter IV. (Diagram Fig. 8.)
When the filtered water has issued from filter IV the position will be as in
diagram Fig. 9 where the filter of III has been cleaned by the oil which had
previously passed down through it (compare 4th stage) and has now just passed
up again through it. The line represents the direction of current. F. W. filtered
water. O. oil. M. W. muddy water. C. cleaned filter.
2nd stage. Unfiltered water enters at III valves n³ of II and IV and valve K¹
of I opened (diagram Fig. 10). The end of this stage is shown in diagram Fig 11.
3rd. stage. Unfiltered water enters at II valves n² of I and IV opened,
valve K of III (diagram Fig. 12). The end of this stage is shown in diagram
Fig. 13.
4th stage. Unfiltered water enters at IV valves n³ of I and III opened and
valve K of II (diagram Fig. 14). The end of this stage is shown in diagram
Fig. 15, which, as will be seen represents the same position as in Fig. 8 at the
commencement of the 1st stage, which can then be repeated.
If all the receivers of the apparatus are filled with water only, the water or some
of it, has the same effect, as in the above described is had by means of oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
we claim is: -
A clearing and filtering apparatus for refuse or other water or liquid as well
as for drinking water, which is self cleaning either by the use of benzene, petroleum
or any thin liquid oils or fattty matters or by the use of water only or the respective

page_text: filtered liquids in cleaned state, which are utilized as cleansers by being forced
upwards and downwards under pressure; through the filtering material consisting
of a number of twin or change filter chambers I. II. III. IV. or less or more
which are connected together by pipes and into which alternately dirty liquid is
let in, the filters are cleaned, the mud or impurities are precipitated and the
cleaned liquid drawn off, for which purpose the filter chambers B. B. B. B. receive
any inter layer of liquid but more especially oil, which latter by the pressure
in the filter chambers, and corresponding pipe connections between the filters I. II.
III. IV. is forced alternately down and upwards, so that a removal of the cleaned
or of the dirty water or a self cleaning of the filter takes place by the downward
movement of the oil, or inter layer of the other liquid the movement of which is
effected in continuous change alternately in the one, or in the other filter chamber,
so that a regular admission of dirty water and a delivery of cleaned water as well
as an uninterrupted separation of the mud is effected substantially as set forth.
Dated this 16th day of Wahr 1897
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicants, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.