A NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING AND GLAZING COTTON WADDING, AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MAKING OF MATTRASSES
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ARMANDE le Comte DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of New Broad Street, in the City of
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Pierre Armande le Comte de Fontainemoreau, my exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Pierre Armande le Comte de Fontainemoreau, my
exors, aduiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Pierre Armande
Me Comte de Fontainemoreau, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING AND GLAZING
COTTON WADDING, AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MAKING OF MATTRASSES," being
a communication from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Pierre Armande le Comte de Fontainemoreau, shall
cause a particular description of the said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the

page_text: date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Pierre Armande le Comte de Fontainemoreau, hereby declare that the
nature of the said Invention consists,-
Firstly, in manufacturing and glazing cotton wadding by means of the
machinery so adjusted and actuated that the wadding may be made of any
uniform thickness desired throughout its entire length. And,
Secondly, in the application of cotton wadding made as aforesaid as a
substitute for feathers, flock, hair, and other materials, in the making of
mattrasses.
And the manner in which the said Invention is performed is set forth in the
following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Figure 1 of these Drawings represents a plan of the said machinery;
Figure 2, a sectional elevation thereof, on the line A*, B*, of Figure 1; and
Figure 3, an external elevation. A, A, is the basement or foundation of the
machinery. B, B, a framework composed of two rows of uprights connected by
cross bars, the whole of which framework is open, with the exception of the com-
partment marked Q, Q, which is enclosed and kept warm by steam or hot air.
E and E', are two glaze troughs fixed one at each end of the framework B, B,
and filled to about the height indicated by the dotted lines, with gum or starch
in a fluid state, such as is ordinarily employed for glazing purposes. The
trough E is raised on standards e, e, so as to be a little higher than the other.
Within each trough there revolves a wooden glazing roller F, F¹, the axis of
which has its bearings in the sides of the trough, and is prolonged at one end
in order to carry a toothed wheel F. An endless revolving web C' is passed
from end to end of the framework over the rollers D, D', and pulleys o, o, the
roller D' having its bearings in the top of the glaze trough E' and carrying
on one end of its axis a pinion D¹*, which takes into another pinion G
attached to the outside of the trough, which pinion G works into the toothed
wheel F. A second endless revolving web C2, placed immediately over the
other, is passed round two rollers D, D**, and pullies O, O, the axis of which
rollers have their bearings respectively in the sides of the troughs E and E',
the axis of Dex carrying at one of its extremities a pinion D³, which takes
directly into the toothed wheel F and the axis of D³, carrying a similar
pinion D, which takes into a second pinion G, which works into the wheel F.
Cs is a third endless revolving web, which is placed above C and carried at
one end round, a roller D³, mounted on the top of the trough E, and at the

page_text: other end round a roller D3*, which has its bearings in the top of the two
outermost uprights of the framework B, B. I, I, are wooden pressure rollers
which rest freely in open sockets on the top of the sides of the troughs
E and E', and serve. to press the wadding against the glazing rollers F, F'.
5 K is a tension roller resting loosely in separate standards k, k, which is
introduced between the endless web C³ to keep it tight. L is a drying
cylinder, which is kept warm by means of steam or hot air, and M, M; pipes
for conducting the steam or hot air. N is a revolving shaft (worked by a
crank N¹) which has two screws formed upon it, one at each end, which
take into the teeth of the wheels F, F³, and give motion to the different
pinions and rollers, which cause the endless webs C³, C2, and C³ to revolve.
A", A", are two of a series of carding engines,. of which as many are employed
as may be necessary to deliver at once the number of slivers of cotton wool
required to form the sheet of wadding. B, B, represent these slivers as they
'are delivered from the cards on to a collecting endless web C passed round
the rollers D, a, D, a. B (Fig. 1) represents the sheet of wadding, which is
formed by the union of a number of these slivers and carried forward by the
endless web C¹ to the flatting and glazing rollers D¹, F; and I. B² represents
the sheet as it comes from the rollers D¹, F, and I, and is carried backward
by the endless, web C to the opposite set of rollers, and B³ the sheet as it
is conveyed by the endless web C³ over the drying roller L to the point of
delivery W. The action of the machine is as follows:-Suppose rotation to
be given to the rollers D, a, D, a, and the collecting endless web C (which
may be done by means of a band carried from the carding engine or in any
other suitable way), then, as soon as by the deposition of slivers from the
cards a sheet of the required thickness has been obtained, it is delivered on
to the endless web. C', which carries it forward to the flatting and glazing
departments of the machinery. For example:-Supposing' the sheet is
required to be of twenty slivers thickness, then twenty cards will be neces-
sary to deliver that number of slivers; but, as all the cards deliver their
slivers at the same time, it follows that the sheet will be at first formed of
a single sliver, then of two, then of three, and so on successively up to
twenty, but that there must always be one portion of the sheet in advance
of all the others in this respect. The shaft N is then made to revolve, which
puts in motion the glazing rollers F, F, and the various pinions and rollers
by which the endless webs C³, C2, C3, which are to carry forward the sheet of
wadding to be flattened and glazed, are kept in a state of continual rotation.
The sheet as it is carried by the endless web C¹ between the rollers F and

page_text: I, I, is glazed on the under side, and, in returning back to the opposite side
of the machine on the endless web C, it passes through the close and warm
chamber Q, Q, where the glaze taken up in this first part of the operation is
dried. It then passes between the rollers F¹ and I, I, by which it is glazed
on the upper side; after which it is carried by the web C³ over the drying
roller L, and finally delivered in a finished state at W. Instead of the
machinery being all on one level or floor, as shewn in the Drawings, the
carding portions may be on one floor and the flatting and glazing parts on a
floor above, in which case the endless web C¹ must be passed up through the
roof of the under floor, at some convenient angle of inclination, and carried
over a roller towards the glaze troughs E, E. In applying cotton wadding as
a substitute for feather, flock, hair, and other materials, in the making of
mattrasses and other like articles, as many sheets glazed or gummed as afore-
said are superimposed one upon the other as is necessary to produce the
desired thickness. Forty sheets of cotton wadding form a mattrass of a
thickness equal to one of wool, weighing about thirty-three pounds, and of
the size of about one yard thrée inches in width by five and a half inches in
thickness. The superimposed sheets are then wrapped in a coarse cloth and
reduced by means of a lever press to one fifth of their original bulk, after
which the mattrass is made up and finished in the ordinary way.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,-
First, the employment in the manufacture of cotton wadding of a number
of cards all delivering slivers at one and the same time on to an endless web,
as herein-before described.
Secondly, the employment in the said manufacture of a series of endless
webs to carry forward the sheets formed by the union of a number of the said
slivers to be flatted and glazed, as before described.
Thirdly, the flatting and glazing portions of the machinery, as before
described, in the general construction and arrangement of parts of which the
same consists.
And,
Fourthly, the application of cotton wadding, manufactured as aforesaid, as
a substitute for feathers, flock, hair, and other materials, in the making of
mattrasses and other like articles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Armand le Comte de Fontaine
moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day
of July, One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
L'DE FON (L.s.) TAINEMOREAU.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Pierre Armand le Comte de Fon-
tainemoreau came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that.
purpose.