Improvements in Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to Driven Shafts and Regulating and Reversing the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Feb., 1897-Accepted; 3rd July, 1897.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Transmitting Motion to Driven
Shafts and Regulating and Reversing the same.
I, ADOLPH KLOSE, of Stuttgart, Germany, Royal High Councillor of Architec-
ture, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus whereby motion transmitted to a shaft
from another shaft driven with approximately uniform velocity by a motor or
otherwise, can be regulated and reversed as required.
The apparatus can be utilized for various purposes. The acompanying draw-
ings represent it as applied to the driving of cars of any kind.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan thereof.
Fig. 2 illustrates a modified construction of the coupling of the connecting gear.
Fig. 3 is a plan of connecting gear drawn to a larger scale, and Fig. 4 is a
corresponding side view.
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of a device for reversing the motion by means of spur
epicyclic gear, and
Fig. 5 shows a modified construction for reversing by means of bevel epicyclic
gear.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the spectacle-part of the spur epicyclic gear shown in
Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a sectional plan of mechanism for reversing the motion when great
force is to be transmitted, and
Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic perspective view of this mechanism.
Fig. 9 represents in side elevation and cross section a special construction of
chain and chain-wheel intended for use when a chain is employed for transmission
in the reversing gear shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
Fig. 10 is a plan corresponding to Fig. 9.
The uniformly driven shaft from which the motion is transmitted is marked ·
w in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. This shaft carries pulleys a¹, a² (there may be two
or more pulleys) having different diameters. A shaft driven by the shaft i
carries corresponding pulleys 61, 62. The pulleys are provided at their peripheries
with one or more grooves, teeth, or the like for the engagement of an endless
rope, belt, chain or the like which is carried round all the pulleys and is led back
again from the last pulley to the first by means of a suitably supported pulley c,
which, if supported in an elastic manner, may serve at the same time also as a
tension pulley. The rope or the like may be led two or more times round the 'same
pulley in order to increase friction.
The pulleys are not rigidly fixed on the shafts to and w but for transmitting
motion from one shaft to the other they are coupled to the two shafts in a suitable
manner. Each pulley of a given diameter on the shaft w¹ will cause the shaft ws
to revolve at a different rate if the pulleys have different' diameters. If, there-
fore, there are on the shaft w¹, a pulleys of different diameters and on the shaft
, y pulleys of different diameters, y different velocities of the shaft w³ can be
derived from the uniformly driven shaft w¹ by coupling the shafts together
through different pairs of the pulleys. The coupling of the several pulleys to the
[Price 8d.]

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T
shafts is effected by means of the axial displacement of friction couplings (Fig. 2)
or of clutch-couplings (Fig. 3). As illustrated in Fig. 2, a friction coupling
may also be combined with a clutch-coupling, the clutches d and the driving part
on the shaft w are taken carried round by an accurately adjustable friction-disc f
so that if greater resistance be presented by the shaft w² no permanent reaction
upon the driving shaft w will take place.
The several shafts are coupled and uncoupled by levers h (Figs. 2 and 3). Each
of these levers engages at one end with one of the pulleys and at the other end in
one of several suitably shaped grooves s¹, s2, s³, st
of a reversing shaft S
so that the several combinations of couplings of the pulleys will be formed, and
the several velocities consequently obtained, by giving the shaft S corresponding
angular positions.
In the construction shown in Fig. 2 two pulleys are arranged upon each of the
shafts and w², whereas in the construction illustrated in Fig. 3 each of the two
shafts carries three pulleys.
The several velocities of the shaft 2 are used at one time in one direction of
rotation and another time in the other direction of rotation, and they must there-
fore be transmitted through a reversing gear to the shaft for performing work.
This reversing gear may be of one or other of two different kinds, according as
one direction of rotation is needed only exceptionally or the two directions are of
equal importance.
In the former case the direction of rotation is reversed by the following
means
The driven shaft w³ is a tube consisting of two parts w³1 and 2 free to rotate
separately on the driving shaft wº. This tubular shaft carries planet, wheels
p³ (Fig. 5) by means of a spectacle piece p³ (Figs. 5 and 6) fitting so as to be
free to turn upon the tubular shaft w and capable of being axially displaced by
means of a lever p or the like. The part of the tubular shaft w³ has rigidly
connected to it an internally toothed wheel g. The planet-wheels p³ ³ gear, on
the one hand, in the wheel y and, on the other hand, in a pinion o rigidly connected
to the part w of the tubular shaft 103. The spectacle-piece p³ carries on both sides
coupling devices which may, as shown in Fig. 5, be formed by lengthening the
studs of the planet-wheels. These coupling-devices can be made to engage
either, as shown, with the internally toothed wheel q-in this case the whole of the
shaft w³ revolves in the same direction as the shaft w²-or, after the spectacle-
piece 3 has been displaced axially, with the portion of the framework-in this
case the wheel 7 is disengaged and the planet-wheels are revolved by the
wheel on the tubular part w³ and turn the hollow wheel in the sense reverse
to that of the previous case.
The motion communicated to the tubular shaft w³ is transmitted further as
required. On carriages, for instance, this transmission is effected by means of
differential gearg to a driving shaft w arranged in the hollow shaft and thence-
it may be in such a manner that the motion may be varied in velocity and reversed
by means of chains or toothed gearing to the carriage wheels.
With this device for reversing the motion, the speed of rotation of the shaft w³
is always altered on reversing. If the speeds of the shafts w2 and 3 are to be
always equal, there may be used, in exactly the same manner, instead of the sun-
and-planet gear, a bevel epicyclic gear, such as shown in Fig. 5º.
This reversing device is however unfit for great forces; in such cases another
arrangement is provided and the Figs. 7 and 8 show a. reversing gear which is
arranged for this purpose and by means of which a reversal can be obtained in
the most complete manner. In this arrangement two. fixed driving pulleys t' and
2 are secured to the shaft w³, while the. working shaft carries two moveable
pulleys 3 and t, which can be coupled alternately to the shaft 3 in any suitable
manner, say by means of a friction-coupling to, as illustrated in Fig. 7. Over
these four pulleys passes an endless rope, belt, chain, or the like, which is guided
in such a manner that the two movable pulleys turn in opposite directions, and

page_text: that the rope or the like does not touch itself. The rope or the like is guided in
such a manner that it passes, in the direction of its motion, from the pulley t³ to
the pulley t¹, which rotates in the same sense as the pulley 3. From the pulley t¹
it passes then to the pulley t, but crosses to the opposite side of the periphery of the
latter so as to rotate the pulley in the sense contrary to that of the pulley 13.
From the pulley & the rope passes to the pulley 12, crossing to the opposite side of
the periphery of the latter and thence, without crossing, returns to the pulley 3, so
completing its cycle. It will be readily seen, that according as the shaft w³ is
coupled to the pulley 3 or t, it will revolve in one or the other direction, or will
alter its direction of revolution. The pulleys 3 and t may also. have different
diameters, when it is desired that the shaft 3 shall revolve in one direction at a
different speed from what it does in the other.
In lieu of constructing the reversing gear as illustrated in the Figs. 7 and 8 with
a rope and pulleys, a chain and chain-wheels may of course, be employed. In this
case cnains having large links, such as illustrated in the Figs. 9 and 10, are prefer-
ably used. The wheels for the chain are made of separate layers / forming several
toothed wheels the teeth of which are arranged out of line with respect to one
another, so that the ends of the links of the chain can be impelled. The links of
the chain are arranged as shown in Fig. 10, so that the teeth of the layers / will
engage in some places all between the links and at other places some between and
some outside the links of the chain. Between adjacent layers thin washers m are
inserted for the purpose of widening the chain, and for widening the working
surface of the chain there are also placed on the joint-pins washers of about the
same thickness as the layers. It will be seen that the washers m give the chain a
certain lateral play.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
4. In apparatus according to chain 1 the construction of the reversing mechanism
a driven shaft comprising connecting gear having an endless rope, belt, chain, or
the like led over pulleys of different diameters carried by two shafts and coupled
in pairs therewith, and an epicyclic or belt or like reversing mechanism connecting
the second of these shafts with the said driven shaft, substantially as described
and shown.
2. In apparatus according to the preceding claim, connecting gear comprising
two or more pulleys carried by the first shaft and two or more pulleys carried by
the second shaft and an endless belt, rope, chain, or the like passing over the said
pulleys and led back again by another pulley to the first of the aforesaid pulleys,
the several velocities of the second shaft being obtained by coupling the pulleys on
the two shafts in different pairs, substantially as described and shown.
3. In apparatus according to claim 1 reversing mechanism comprising a sun-
and-planet motion or a bevel epicyclic motion, which is firmly coupled for one
direction of revolution with the driven shaft and is therefore ineffective, whereas
for the other direction of revolution it works as a reversing gear, substantially as
described and shown.
4. In apparatus according to claim 1 the construction of the reversing mechanism
in such a manner that an endless belt, rope, chain, or the like is led without any
guiding device over two pulleys and 12 fixed to the driving shaft and over two
pulleys 3 and t loose on the driven shaft and alternately coupled with the latter,
in such a manner that it passes in the direction of its motion from the pulley 3 to
the pulley then crosses to the opposite side, of the periphery of the pulley t, then
crosses again to the opposite side of the periphery of the pulley 3, and then straight
back to the pulley 3, the arrangement being such that the crossing parts lie in
different planes and do not touch anywhere substantially as described and shown.
5. In reversing gear according to claim 3 and provided with chain-wheels and

page_text: chain, a chain-wheel in which the several teeth are disposed out of line with respect
to one another and engage the chain in some places wholly between and in some
places some between and some outside the links, substantially as described and
shown.
6. My improved apparatus for transmitting motion to driven shafts and regu-
lating and reversing the same constructed, arranged, and operating substantially
as herein before described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or as
modified according to Fig. 2ª, to Figs. 3 and 4, to Figs. 5 and 6, to Fig. 5º, or to
Figs. 9 and 10, of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of February 1897.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.