matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND MALLEABLE IRON. TUBES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Bewick Longridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1855.
I, ROBERT BEWICK LONGRIDGE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND MALLEABLE IRON.
TUBES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of making cylindrical boilers or tubes of
flanged rings without any joint or seam, the said rings being connected by
rivets or bolts through the flanges.
Secondly, of making such rings corrugated for the internal flues of steam
boilers. To make the rings as nearly cylindrical as possible I propose to flange
and round them by machinery, by which means I shall obtain encreased
strength, owing to the rings being cylindrical and free from joints, which
cannot be the case with the present mode of construction. And I shall also
obtain encreased heating surface and strength in the corrugated flues, as
well as encreased durability, owing to the rivet heads not being exposed to
the flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th October 1855.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English and
Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the novel arrangement and construction of churns
for the manufacture of butter.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the churn and wooden framework for sup-
porting it; Figure 2, vertical section through the axis of the churn, shewn
by the red line a, a'; Figure 3, horizontal section of the turbine; Figure 4,
horizontal section of the churn through the line n, n¹; Figures 5 & 6, section
& plan of the apparatus for receiving and decanting the milk to be used in
the churning operation, and provided with a table with a rim.
The churn consists of two vertical tin or tinned iron cylinders A, A¹, firmly
fixed one within the other. On the internal sides of the cylinder A', and
throughout its height rectangular partitions b, perforated with holes s, are fixed
parallel to its axis. In the centre of the cylinder A¹ a hollow axis is placed
vertically, which turns on a pivot P, fixed to the bottom of the cylinder. This

page_text: axis is also provided with two vertical wings, also perforated with a large
number of holes s¹. At the foot of the axis a turbine or centrifugal bellows T
is adapted, the small compartments c of which (seen in Figure 3) com-
municate with the interior of the axis q.
C
The upper extremity of the axis q is fixed freely in the wooden framework,
and is provided with a bevilled toothed pinion R, which cogs with a bevelled
toothed wheel R¹ at right angles. The wheel R¹ is fixed on a horizontal axis
X, held at its extremities by two supports on the wooden framework D, in
the centre of which the whole of the mechanism is set..
The external cylinder A serves to regulate the temperature of the milk or
cream, for which purpose it is filled with hot or cold water, according to the
degree of temperature required, and which being obtained, the water is
allowed to run out through the tap or stop-cock r; the tap r¹ serving to allow
the milk from the butter at the bottom of the apparatus to run off.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SELF-PEEDING FURNACES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Yeoman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1855.
I, JAMES YEOMAN, of Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Millwright
and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SELF-PEEDING FURNACES" to be as follows:-
I construct furnaces with fire bars, of which the alternate ones are fixed and
the others moveable; or they may be divided into sets of two or more bars, of
which the alternate sets are fixed and the others moveable. The front ends
of these moveable bars are moved by a cam of a peculiar shape, which first
raises the bars, then carries them forward, and then lowers them below the
level of the fixed bars, and lastly, draws them back again. The back ends of
the bars may be moved in the same manner, or they may be supported on the
edge of a plate, which is hinged or pivoted at the bottom, and rocks back-
wards and forwards with the motion of the bars. On the front ends of the
moveable bars is fixed a short plate, which works under the hinged bottom'
of a hopper filled with coal. The motion of this plate pushes the coal into
the furnace, and the motion of the moveable bars carries it forward. By
diminishing the motion of the bars at the back end, the coal or coke, as it is
diminished by the combustion, is advanced more slowly than at the front end,
and the clinkers are ultimately carried over the extremity of the bars into a

page_text: chamber made to receive them. A bridge may be suspended over the back
end of the fire bars, leaving sufficient space beneath it for the passage of the
clinkers. I connect all or several of the moveable bars together by bolts,
or otherwise, so as to prevent any individual bar being accidentally held up or
obstructed by the coal. In lieu of fixing the alternate bars, or sets of bars,
they may also be moved in a similar manner to the others, their motions being
made to alternate with the others. The first-arrangement is, however,
simpler.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING PENCILS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benoit Theodore Warée, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1855.
I, BENOIT THEODORE WARÉE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 82,
Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING PENCILS" to be as
follows; and consists chiefly of a suitably-cut straight, sectorial, annular, and
wheel-like file, to which a respectively straight reciprocating motion, or a
circular to-and-fro motion, or (for the annular wheel or barrel file) a continuous
rotary motion is imparted with respect to the pencil to be sharpened. When
a straight file is used, I form dovetail slides in a suitable wooden box or frame
for the file to be slided to & fro; the pencil is supported by a V or notched
bar in front above the file, & by a center or adjusting screw at the hinder end,
the screw being raised above the notched bar in such manner that the point
of the pencil meets the file at the angle required. The pencil holder must
also have a collar, & be capable of being lengthened as it wears, so as
always to present the same angle to the file when it is being sharpened.
The pencil being thus laid down, a reciprocating motion is imparted to the
straight file, and the pencil turned all the while about its axis. The V bar is

page_text: adjustable so that every point of the file may be applied in turn, & the file
worn equally throughout.
When a sectorial file is used, the file is fixed down upon a suitable plate, and
an angular to-and-fro motion given to the pencil, which is suitably inclined,
as before, and supported. When an annular file is employed, the file is fixed
upon a disc, which by means of a winch handle is set to rotate, whilst the
pencil or crayon is turned and supported at a suitable angle, in a way similar
to the one first described above. A similar arrangement may also be adopted
with regard to a vertical wheel which has a file cut on its circumference.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS OF STEAM ENGINES follows
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Joseph Van Camp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1855.
I, JACQUES JOSEPH VAN CAMP, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and
of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS OF STEAM ENGINES
follows, viz. :-
The objet of this Invention is to simplify and improve the construction of
pistons, by the use of segments which are always in tight contact with the
cylinder, thus preventing the escape of steam from one side of the piston to
the other. I obtain this result,―
First, by making the cast iron or other segments of two or more pieces,
which are hinged together in any suitable way, so as to be able to open, there
being one or more wedges and coiled and flat springs to force the segments up
as they wear.
Second, by using a kind of duplex wedge, which consists of common
triangular wedge cut into two rectangular halves, the cutting planes being
somewhat undercut, so as to allow the two parts to turn a little about a pin
fitted in the centre of the duplex wedge, thus causing the sides of the wedges
bearing against the chamfered ends of the segments to be always in total

page_text: contact with said ends, the pin in the centre at the same time preventing the
passage of steam.
Third, by making the segments of two or more pieces, which are joined
together by a kind of scarfing or half-lap joint.
Fourth, by combining said particular modes as may be required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKING OR CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FILIAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Godefroid Cox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1855.
I, EDMOND GODEFROID Cox, Manufacturer, of Lille, Town in the French
Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKING OR CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FILIAMENTOUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in picking and cleaning cotton, wool, and other
filamentous substances by means of a machine constructed as hereafter
explained. I will describe the machine as acting upon cotton to free it from
the seed that may be adhering to it as well as from all other foreign matter.
The machine is furnished with a table, from which a workman or attendant
throws forward in handsful a supply of cotton on to a grating which alternately
rises and falls; between the openings in the grating the teeth from a fixed
comb enter, and by the motion and using of the grating the cotton is subjected
to a combing action. The grating in rising places the cotton from prongs or
blades which project upwards upon a cylinder, formed as hereafter explained,
at a point or part between two vertical blades, one brought from above and
Gixed to part of the framing of the machine, the other from below. The upper

page_text: blade touches or nearly touches the cylinder, and is stationary while the lower
blade is pressed against the cylinder by a spring or springs to allow it a little
play. The cylinder, which draws forward the cotton by rotary motion com-
municated to it, is of wood, metal, or other suitable substance coated with
felt or cloth, over which a strip or series of strips of leather is or are laid or
fixed, a space being left between each spiral or thread; the cylinder works in
a horizontal position, and is cleared of the cotton by a clearing or detaching
roller, which revolves.in contact with the cylinder at the side opposite to that
at which the cotton is fed on to it. From the detaching roller the cotton falls
cleaned and freed from particles of seed, dirt, &c. into a receptacle placed to
receive it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFETY PAPER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1855. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SAFETY PAPER," a communication from Victor Courboulay, of Place du Caire,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of safety paper by mixing certain
chemical ingredients with the paper pulp, or by steeping or soaking paper
already manufactured in certain chemical solutions. The objects of the
Invention are, first, the employment as much as possible of substances which
are not injurious to health; second, to cause the ordinary inks to penetrate
into the body of the paper by the action of the reactives used to attack the
writing; third, to cause all the reactives employed by forgers to leave an
indelible stain on the paper; fourth, to prevent the transfers of writings from
the paper prepared, either before or after the writing or impression is made
thereon.
The improvements consist in the employment of a solution, more or less.

page_text: concentrated, either of iodide of potassium, ammoniacal sodium, or bromides
of the same bases equally ammoniacal, or any salts or compounds containing,
either in combination or separately, iodine or bromine. The solution employed
is mixed with the paper pulp, or formed into a bath in which the already
manufactured paper is steeped, when it is afterwards-dried and made ready for
use. But as the soluble combinations of iodine, bromine, and ammonia are
not the only ones. which may be employed.in.the.preparation of safety paper,
I desire to includo not only the soluble combinations of iodine, bromine, and
ammonia, but also those combinations which are insoluble, especially those
containing cyanogen and fluor. In certain cases it is proposed to use also an
indelible stamp and water marks. And in order to render the writing or
printing on such paper as indelible as possible, all those materials are employed
which, when used in making, either the printing or writing ink will instantly
form a reation with the ingredients-herein-before specified, and also those
materials which, by the action of the materials employed in falsifying or
removing the writing from such paper, will also produce an ulterior
reaction.
IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN PREPARING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATTERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th May 1855.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 82, Essex Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN PREPARING FLAX, HEMP,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATTERS," a communication, to be as follows, viz. :-
This Invention relates to machinery for effecting some of the preparatory
operations which hemp, flax, and other fibrous materials have to go through
before being heckled and combed.
This machinery consists, first, of an improved apparatus for performing the
first breaking or bruising operation upon the textile material after the same
bas undergone steeping; this apparatus acting merely so as to break the straw
and prepare it for the succeeding operations, by passing the material through
a pair of boards with corresponding grooves of triangular or any other suitable
shape, the boards being worked towards each other by a reciprocating or
angular motion.
Second, in a novel kind of scutching or breaking apparatus, with an angular
or reciprocating motion, by which the material is scutched or broken by a set
of suitably-shaped blades working betwixt and past each other.

page_text: Third, in a rotary stripping or hemp-peeling machine, consisting of two
systems of peeling or stripping blades working against and within each other
in such manner that the tuft of fibrous materials is never acted upon by more
than three or four blades at one time, and is always kept in a vertical line or
nearly so whilst being operated upon.
Fourth, in a novel rotary scutching machine, consisting of two beaters, over
and above which the fibrous material is made to travel longitudinally by
means of a holder, and is acted upon from both sides alternately; also a con-
trivance for easily changing the speed with which the material operated upon
is made to travel over the scutching machine; also an improved holder for the
same, which cannot leave the travelling rail.
Fifth, in a re-scutching machine, which consists of an inclined plane, up
which the fibrous material is made to slide, and, passing over a roller at the
top of said inclined plane, is then scutched and drawn down by the action of a
suitable rotary beater turning before said roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY LEVERAGE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Benton, of Birmingham, Engineer, Surveyor,
and Land Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER BY LEVERAGE."
Sealed the 15th April 1856, and dated the 15th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Benton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1855.
I, ROBERT BENTON, of Birmingham, Engineer, Surveyor, and Land Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAIN-
ING MOTIVE POWER BY LEVERAGE" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the means of keeping a barrel or wheel
in continuous motion by the successive application of any even number of
levers, acting entirely independent of each other, and in eccentric instead of
the customary circular orbits; for which purpose excentric planes are employed,
and each lever on successively coming in contact with such eccentric plane
or planes is for the time being elongated, and rendered a long lever with a
short shank; and having passed through or over such plane or planes, it

page_text: immediately becomes neutralised on the rising side of the barrel, or wheel to
which it is attached, by being so fixed as to form one side of a cube figure,
either square or octagonal, and in that position it is carried round the moving
barrel or wheel until its pivot returns to the point from whence it was first
placed against the face of the eccentric plane.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parry and Samuel Ivers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
10th October 1855.
We, JOHN PARRY, of Lower Broughton, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and SAMUEL IVERS, of Salford, in the same County, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to a method of stopping the loom, either on the
breaking of a warp thread or a weft thread, or on the accidental occurrence of
imperfect weaving, and consists in the employment of a light metal bar, sup-
ported by brackets, secured upon the "breast beam" or other convenient part
of the loom; on this metal bar are placed at convenient distances (say, for
instance, two inches apart), a series of small bent metal fingers, working
loosely on the bar; the ends of these fingers being lightly retained upon the
surface of the fabric under manufacture by suitable springs. To this bar is
imparted a lateral motion either way, in such a manner that should any imper-
fection take place in the fabric under manufacture, caused by either the warp
or the weft thread breaking, the nearest finger becomes checked in its lateral
traverse, by partially falling through the fabric, and being there retained.
The effect of this will be to stay the traverse of the bar at one end of the bar,
and near the ordinary "throwing-out" motion. Two small pins embrace, and

page_text: cause a smaller lever to follow the traverse of the bar; this small lever is sup-
ported by a vertical rod, having at its lower end a catch box. To this catch
box a reciprocating motion is given, it being connected by a small slotted lever
at one end, to a rod secured at its other end to a pin, revolving on a worm
wheel working horizontally, and actuated by a worm upon the "tappet shaft."
When a "float" or other imperfection takes place in the weaving of the fabric,
the nearest "finger" immediately falls through the fabric, or is checked in its
traverse, and consequently with it the traversing bar. The vertical rod is now
lifted by the teeth or ratchets of the catch box; the small lever on the top
of the vertical rod is forced up, and lifts an arm secured at one end on the
throwing-out or "stop motion;" this arm comes into contact with a plate on
the advancing "slay," and immediately forces back the arm and throwing-out
or "stop" motion, and thus instantly stops the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLASTER OF PARIS AND CEMENT
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gernon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June 1855.-
A communication.
I, JAMES GERNON, of 14, Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLASTER OF PARIS AND CEMENT" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of plaster of Paris and cement in
the following manner:-The plaster or cement stones are broken down by a
steam hammer and passed between rollers to reduce them to a coarse powder.
When in this state the powder is passed through a revolving retort set in and
heated by a furnace of brick. In the interior of the retort is a serpentine, which
causes the powder to progress from one end of the retort to the other as the
same revolves. On coming out of the retort the coarse powder is ground to an
impalpable powder and again roasted in a revolving retort. When the powder
is discharged from this retort it is allowed to cool, and the process is complete.
Or, in place of using the revolving retorts above described, the cement or
plaster stones may be reduced to a fine powder, and then roasted-in-other
suitable form of oven or retort.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING APPARATUS
Year: 1855

page_text: rotection, ош notice to proceed wrin the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sanders Trotman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1855.
I, SANDERS TROTMAN, of Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Hydraulic Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING APPARATUS" consists in so arranging and
placing the filtering medium (which may be of any suitable kind), and so
directing and regulating the flow of the liquid through the same, that a self-
cleansing action may be ensured.
For this purpose, when filtering liquids, whether under pressure or by
exhaustion, I cause the liquid to enter the filtering apparatus through passages
furnished with a slide valve or cock, by means of which the direction of the
flow of the liquid, and consequently the filtering surfaces, can be instantane-
ously reversed, whereby a cleansing action is at once produced. The exhausting
pump may also be made to return a portion of the liquid back through the
filtering medium at every stroke, thereby effectually cleansing the same, and
counteracting all tendency to choke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE CONTENTS OF BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1855.-
A communication.
. I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE CONTENTS OF BOTTLES OR OTHER
SIMILAR VESSELS," a communication from M. Constant Chevalier, of Paris,
to be as follows:-
I propose to make an apparatus for pitching, waxing, or cementing the
necks of bottles and other similar vessels, so as to cover the corks and preserve
the contents. I propose to melt the mastic and other materials used for the
above purposes in a different manner to those which have hitherto been
employed, so as to avoid the various inconveniences attendant on melting on
an open fire, such as too much or too little heat, burning of the mixtures,
intolerable smell arising from the burnt mastic, &c. I propose to construct a
conical vase to contain the mastic and other materials, by means of which the
resinous matters will present only a very small surface to the action of the
stove, and when they become in a melted state the conical form of the receiver
will permit their amalgamization, their expansion, and rise up the vessel,
without danger of any overflow. This receiver will be placed in an iron stove,
furnished about the height of its door with several circular openings, for

page_text: facilitating draught, &c.; at the back a small opening (closing with a slide
door) will be made to regulate the heat. My fire will be from a spirit lamp
with three or more burners. After a few seconds of combustion these will have
burnt the oxygen of the air; then the opening of the upper door will permit
this hot air to escape, and to be replaced by a current of air, which will enter
by the circular openings aforesaid. While the furnace is closed, the hot air
will maintain the combustion, and so. the caloric will be regulated. The lamp
will be composed of a cup or receiver to contain the spirit; this cup will be so
made as to retain the spirit when the operations are finished. On the cup, a
cover, which will serve to support a simple apparatus, to consist of catch wheels
mounted on a toothed rod, which gears with them. The wicks will be con-
tained in tubes open on both sides. The gearing will cause to ascend and
descend moveable tubes, attached to the rod by wires, which serve as cases for
the fixed tubes. I expect by so making the lamp to be able to diminish or
augment the intensity or length of the flame at pleasure, and, by the means
above alluded to, to be able to stop or cover the necks of bottles with safety
and rapidity, and without any of the annoyances to which operators are at
present subjected.
LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOT
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty...1
7
i
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES, AND IN MAKING COP TUBES USED IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eaton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1855.
I, JAMES EATON, of Charing Cross, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES,
AND IN MAKING COP TUBES USED IN SHUTTLES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore shuttles have been made with spindles to receive the cops or
wound weft, such spindles being of as great length as the cops; hence, as the
outer end of a cop is used, the spindle in the shuttle on which the cop has been
placed extends or protrudes more and more beyond the unused parts of the
cop, and it is found that the spindle under these circumstances interferes with
the further using of the yarn of the cop, and waste has resulted. Now, my
Invention consists of dispensing with the use of spindles in shuttles, and of
arranging the interiors of shuttles in such manner as to hold the cops of weft
externally; for which purpose the tube or spool is fixed at one of its ends in
a shuttle, and elastic or pressing friction surfaces are used to hold the cop by
acting on its external surface. And in making metal cop tubes for shuttles,
in place of making them externally smooth and with uniform surfaces, I cause
them to be grooved or roughed on the external surfaces. This grooving or
roughing may be performed in various ways, either in the act of making or

page_text: forming the tubes, or afterwards; but it is preferred to have the dies or tools
in which they are formed with grooved or roughed surfaces, and to form the
exterior metal of the tubes by forcing them into such roughnesses in the dies
or tools. The object is to render the metal cop tubes whereon the weft is
wound less liable to have the yarn stripped off.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR FASTENING GLOVES, COLLARS, SHIRTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Alexis Chartraire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1855.
I, FELIX ALEXIS CHARTRAIRE, Glove Manufacturer, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR FASTENING GLOVES,
COLLARS, SHIRTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in replacing the button and draw fastenings now
in use by a new apparatus, which is composed of the four following parts:-
First, a hook b, Figure 2, clinched to the glove by means of two turned
claws; f, Figure 3, represents this hook before being fixed, and g represents it
in position.
Secondly, a circular plate a, Figure 2, set round the hook, and of which the
middle serves to receive the head of the hook b, which fits it exactly. This
plate is attached to the caoutchouc by means of a tag 7 bent beneath.
Thirdly, a double plate, of which one part serves as eyelet, through which
passes the caoutchouc, and the other part overhanging the eyelet hides it, and
represents the button, similar to that which forms the plate a united to the
hook b. c, Figure 2, represents the eyelet rivetted by means of two small
clinches m, lapped on each side underneath and under the skin of the glove.

page_text: d represents the eyelet sewed; two openings are made in the plate c to permit
the passage of the caoutchouc lace.
Fourthly, lastly, the caoutchouc lace is double, of which one end is attached
under the rivet of the hook b, and the other to the plate a, as represented in
h, Figure 3; i and j represent the plate c or d closed. The caoutchouc lace
is attached on one side of the slit of the glove under the hook b, & is passed
through an eyelet made on the other side of the slit, as seen in the Figure 5,
which represents the fastening opened. Thus in drawing the plate a the
caoutchouc lace is caused to spring out, and the two sides of the glove are
brought together of themselves. The plate is then set under its hook, and
the glove is fastened as in Figure 4. The plates and hooks are simply orna-
mental accessories, which can be varied to any degree either in form or
design.
PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cullen Whipple, of the United States of America,
for the Invention of "PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL,"
Sealed the 10th July 1855, and dated the 9th May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cullen Whipple at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
May 1855.
I, CULLEN WHIPPLE, of the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "PREPARING AND COMBING WOOL" to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved machinery for preparing and
combing wool; for which purposes the wool, previously brought into a sliver
by a carding engine or otherwise, is fed on to a cylinder covered with card
or suitable teeth, and the ends of part of the wool are raised across one part
of the cylinder out of the teeth by a brush, and such ends are taken hold of
by blades or nippers, which retain the same for a time, whilst the ends of the
fibres of wool which protrude beyond the nippers have the noil removed
therefrom by a rotating cylinder, covered with card or suitable teeth, from
which rotating cylinder the noil is bushed or doffed. The nippers are then

page_text: caused partially to open and to move a short distance, and then again to close
on the cleaned and combed-out ends of the fibres. The nippers (holding such
cleaned ends of the fibres) are again moved a distance, so as to draw the other
ends of the fibres which have not been combed through amongst the teeth of
the cylinder on to which the wool was first placed, and thus is the noil
amongst the other ends of the fibres left in the teeth into which the wool
was first introduced. The nippers again open and deposit the clean and
combed wool again on the teeth of the cylinder, the nippers go back together
with their brush, a fresh quantity of wool is raised by the brush across the
cylinder, which is treated in like manner to that above described. The cylinder
is caused to rotate a distance at intervals, and the cleaned and combed
wool is drawn out from amongst the teeth by drawing rollers, which are caused
to rotate when the cylinder rotates. By this arrangement the wool, it will bo
seen, does not leave the teeth on the cylinder into or amongst which it is first
fed till after it has been combed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP FLOATING BATTERIES OR VESSELS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM BALL AND SHOT PROOF
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Grahame at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1855.
I, THOMAS GRAHAME, of Elmhurst Hall, Lichfield, Staffordshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OP FLOATING BATTERIES OR VESSELS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM BALL AND SHOT
PROOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing batteries or
vessels to render them ball and shot proof. For this purpose, the battery or
vessel is to be constructed of iron of the interior dimensions desired; and
in order to render the sides and parts from just below the water line to the
deck, and also the deck, ball and shot proof, I employ a considerable thickness
of cork, say, several feet, and I externally sheath the vessel with comparatively
thin sheet iron, so as to offer comparatively small resistance to the passage of
ball or shot; and in order to prevent water following the balls which may
penetrate through the outer skin of iron, I use sheet india-rubber, by prefer-
ence vulcanized india-rubber, which by its elasticity will close up in the event

page_text: of a ball or shot passing through it, such india-rubber being placed between
the different thicknesses of cork, and also between the cork and the iron. By
thus using so large a thickness of cork that a ball or shot will not pass through,
I am enabled to obtain a comparatively light vessel, the floating powers of
which will be great as compared with a wooden vessel made ball-proof by thick
plates of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1855.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING MOTIVE POWER," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in generating vapours from a mixture of alkaline
water and ether. The vapours are generated in an apparatus consisting of two
concentric cylinders (placed one within the other), and held together by stays.
A mixture of alkaline water (say, 100 parts of water to 12 parts of potash, soda,
or other alkali) and ether (say, 30 parts muriatic ether to 70 parts of sulphuric
ether) is placed in the inner cylinder. The outer cylinder contains water, which
may or may not hold matters in suspension, and which is heated by steam or
other products of combustion from a furnace, passing through tubes inserted in
the cylinder, or it may be heated by passing electricity along conducting wires
inserted in such tubes or otherwise. The heat from the outer cylinder is commu-
nicated to the mixture in the inner cylinder; the contents of the inner cylinder
will begin to give off vapours at a much lower temperature than if it contained
water alone. The vapours may be employed for motive purposes in a similar
manner to steam and other gaseous bodies, and after performing their work pass

page_text: off into a condenser. The waters of condensation are collected in a receiver,
whence they are brought back into the inner cylinder, to be again vaporized
and, used as above explained; any losses: arising from the escape of the
ethereal alkaline vapour.may, be made up by the addition of a fresh supply
of ether and alkaline liquor.
The improved generator, and the employment of the combined vapour
herein-before mentioned, constitute the peculiar features of this Invention.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Onion at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1855.
I, WILLIAM ONION, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES" to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in making the bodies of gas stoves of clay or
unglazed pottery ware instead of metal. Clay or unglazed pottery has a high
radiating power, and is free from the property of giving an unpleasant odour
to the air as metals do. I am aware that glazed earthenware has been used
for the manufacture of gas stoves, but my Invention consists in the use of clay,
unglazed earthenware, or other unvitrified earthy matter in the manufacture of
gas stoves, the said unglazed and unvitrified matters possessing a radiating
power not possessed by glazed or vitrified bodies.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN APPA- RATUS FOR HEATING ALL KINDS OF FURNACES WITH COAL OR OTHER GASES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dodds at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1855.
I, THOMAS DODDS, of 53, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, London,
Military & Travelling Equipage Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN APPA-
RATUS FOR HEATING ALL KINDS OF FURNACES WITH COAL OR OTHER GASES" to be
as follows:-
In the opening to the furnace we fix a strong cast-iron frame A, on which
are attached the various parts composing the apparatus. B shows the main
pipe of the machine, which is attached by an union joint to the gas pipe, &
which supplies the gas through the whole machine; C shows a throttle valve
& lever, to be attached to machinery in motion, for regulating the supply
of gas when used for generating steam in boiler, &c.; D shows Tee piece,
reducing where the main cock or valve F is attached; E shows main cock or
valve for shutting off the gas when not required; F shows a smaller main
cock or valve, on which is attached an elbow joint, to supply the pipe K, K, K,
with gas as occasion may require; G shows a hollow case or receiver for
supplying the three or more pipes H, H, H, with gas, which case is fixed by
bolts & nuts on the cast-iron plate A; H, H, H, show three or more pipes

page_text: through which gas is passed into the furnace; I shows an iron door, attached
by hinges to iron plate A, to regulate the quantity of atmospheric air required
for perfect combustion with the coal or other gas; J, J, shows a hollow
wrought-iron case, attached to iron plate A, through which atmospheric air is
allowed to pass in such quantities as to cause perfect combustion with the
ignited coal or other gases; K, K, K, shows a pipe through which coal or
other gases is allowed to pass to give light or heat as required; L shows a cast-
iron plate to keep the pipes, the atmospheric air case, and machine generally
in proper position; M, M, M, show burners with flattened ends attached to
pipes H, H, H.
I claim as my Invention this machine as specified, for the purpose of
heating every kind of furnace, generating steam, heating bakers' ovens, stoves,
&c. by the use of coal or other gases in perfect combustion with atmospheric
air through this apparatus or machine.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1855.
I, SAMUEL RUSSELL, of No. 29, Porter Street, Sheffield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of constructing projectiles or
balls for fire-arms and ordnance, and consists in coating or covering such said
balls either wholly or partially with gun wadding, felt, or other similar material;
and such coating or covering of projectiles or balls is designed for the purpose
of preventing "leading," and for cleaning the barrel of the gun at every
discharge thereof, and also for carrying the ball steadily out of the barrel or
bore of the gun, and for preventing or greatly reducing the friction of the ball
and the recoil of the gun; and balls thus constructed are applicable to fire-
arms formed with either plain or grooved barrels.
A further improvement connected with this Invention, as regards those
cannon balls or projectiles for ordnance which are formed hollow, consists in
adapting thereto and therein a solid ball, behind which is placed a charge of
gunpowder and a small portion of fulminating powder. The intention of thus

page_text: constructing the ball is for rendering the same doubly effective. The first effect
is produced when the outer ball strikes an object, and the second effect is
occasioned by the concussion of the inner ball against the fulminating powder,
by which the second shot will be discharged after the large shot has been
delivered, as above stated.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING OR CONNECTING STRAPS OR BANDS USED FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Avery at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1855.
I, WILLIAM AVERY, of Smethwick, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING OR CONNECTING STRAPS OR BANDS USED FOR
TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method herein-after described of joining or
connecting mill banding, that is to say, the straps or bands used for transmit-
ting motion from one axis to another. I carry my said Invention into effect
in the following manner:-The two ends of the strap or band to be joined are
presented to each other, end to end, that is to say, without overlapping; and
two pieces of iron or other metal are placed across the strap or band, and
covering the junction, one of the said plates being on one side of the strap or
band, and the other plate on the other side of the said strap or band; screws
pass through one of the said plates, and engage in the other. The edges of
the said plates are turned inwards, that is to say, towards the strap or band,
and when the said plates are drawn together by the screws, the said edges of

page_text: the plates are pressed into the leather of the band, forming grooves parallel to
the line of junction, in which said grooves the edges of the metal plates are
securely imbeded by the pressure, and fasten the ends of the strap or band
together. Portions of the strap or band are cut away to permit of the passage
of the screws.
AN IMPROVED APPA- RATUS FOR BRUSHING AND CLEANING OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND TROWSERS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letter's Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ayckbourn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1855."
I, FREDERICK AYCкBOURN, of 30, Palace New Road, Lambeth, Gentleman,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPA-
RATUS FOR BRUSHING AND CLEANING OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND TROWSERS," to be as
follows:-
For cleaning boots and shoes I employ a framework (Fig. 1 & 2, Sheet 1,)
made of iron, wood, or other suitable material, which supports a spindle, on
which are placed one or more sets of concave brushes (Sheet 2) made of any
sort of hair. A beviled pulley is placed at one end of the spindle, and the
necessary motion for work obtained by an endless band from the fly wheel of
a steam engine passing round the pulley. If this brush spindle is placed near
the ground, persons may clean their boots or shoes whilst in wear. A trough
containing blacking is placed contiguously to each blacking brush, from which
the blacking brush is wetted by means of a small feed brush; or the trough
is partly filled with water, with which the blacking brush is wetted by means
of the 'feed brush; and a small flat box with a handle holding a square of paste
blacking inside it, having one side open, is held against the blacking brush
whilst revolving, until a sufficient quantity is rubbed off. I also obtain the

page_text: required motion from a flywheel (Fig. 4, Sheet 1,) placed on a stand at a
small distance from the machine, having an endless band running on its
periphery and round that of the pulley on the brush spindle, and turned by an
ordinary handle; or the framework may have a small fly wheel fixed at one
end of a spindle, having a crank in the centre of it and treadle attached
(Fig. 3, Sheet 1); this spindle traverses the machine underneath the brush
spindle; an endless band passes round the fly wheel and pulley above it, and
motion is obtained by foot pressure."
For brushing trowsers, the brush spindle is furnished with an additional
concave brush, and I employ a cylindrical tube of wicker, cane, or other
suitable material to be placed inside the leg of the trowsers, for the purpose of
keeping the same extended.
I claim the invention of the concave brush as applied to boot and shoe
cleaning.
I claim this mode of cleaning boots and shoes as an improvement.
I claim the invention of the concave brush as applied to brushing trowsers,
and the use of this machine for that purpose as entirely new.