Improvements in and relating to Horseless Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Horseless Carriages.
I, JAMES GARVIE, of Devanha House, New Southgate, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to horseless carriages and consists chiefly in arranging the
engines within or upon the axle of the road wheels, the said axle being made hollow
or tubular to contain the engines.
The said axle may itself constitute the cylinder or cylinders of the engines and
in this case the engines would be situated at right angles to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle and would be preferably plared opposite to each other with the crank
shaft located between them and at right angles thereto. When the cylinders are
arranged in this manner a third cylinder may be use 1. in conjunction with the two
cthers, this third cylinder being situated either vertically above or below the crank
shaft or at any suitable inclination thereto. This third cylinder would act to carry
the crank over dead points.
Any suitable means may be employed for communicating motion from the crank
shaft to the road-wheels, appropriate devices being supplied for reversing the
motion.
The aforesaid hollow axle need not be employed as the cylinders of the engines
but may serve only as a container for the said cylinders or as a support to which
the cylinders may be connected.
Dated this 27th day of June 1906
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
I, JAMES GARVIE, of Devanha House, New Southgate, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to horseless carriages and consists chiefly in arranging the
engines within or upon the axle of the road wheels, the said axle being in the
former case made hollow or tubular to contain the engines.
The said axle may itself constitute the cylinder or cylinders of the engines, in
which case the engines would be situated at right angles to the longitu linal axis of
the vehicle and would be preferably placed opposite to each other with the crank
shaft Incated between them. A third cylinder may be used in conjunction with the
two others, this third cylinder being situated either vertically above or below the
crank shaft or at any suitable inclination thereto, and acting to carry the crank
over the dead points.
Any suitable means may be employed for communicating motion from the crank

page_text: sunit to the road wheels, and any appropriate devices may be usel for reversing the
motion.
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is an elevation of the driving wheels and axle of a horseless carriage in
which the axle itself forins the cylinders of the engine.
Figure 2 is a plan thereof.
Figure 3 is an elevation of an arrangement in which the axle serves merely to
.support the cylinders and in which a third cylinder is employed.
Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 2 the axle A consists of a hollow
steel, phosphor bronze or other suitable casting, the ends a of which form the
engine cylinders and are provided with flanges a' whereby they are secured to
castings b which serve as cylinder covers and carry the journals c on which the
driving wheels d revolve loosely.
Between the cylinders, the axle is advantageously formed with a swelling or
enlargement a open on its upper side as shown, although said axle may be
otherwise formed to support the bearings e of the crank shaft fand permit the said
crank shaft and the connecting rods to work freely. The transmission of the
motion from the crank shaft to the wheels is in this case effected by gearing
comprising two toothed wheels o mounted one upon each of the driving wheels of
the vehicle and engaging with pinions h fast on the extremities of a shaft i carried
in suitable bearings in brackets a³ on the axle. The said shaft i is driven from a
bevel wheel mounted on the crank shaft and engaging with one or other of a
pair of bevel wheels i, 2, mounted on a sleeve 3 having a sliding connection with
the shaft i by means of a groove and feather, these three bevel wheels thus forming
an ordinary reversing arrangement. The sliding of the sleeve on the shaft i in
order to reverse the motion of the carriage may be effected by means of a lever
such as having a pin and groove connection with the sleeve and pivoted on a
bar or bridge piece extending between the inner brackets a³. This lever may be
operated from a handle or hand wheel on the carriage through any suitable system
of connections.
Obviously the wheels d of the vehicle may if desired be driven from the shaft i
by any other suitable means, such for example as chain driving gear instead of by
the toothed wheels g and pinions h
Moreover in some cases the axle of the vehicle may have separate cylinders
fitted into it in the positions of the cylinders a, instead of itself forming the said
cylinders.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the axle A of the vehicle is solid and the
cylinders a a, which are slightly inclined, are suitably secured to the said axle.
ax is a third cylinder, which is of smaller dimensions than the cylinders a and drives
a crank fixed on the end of the crank shaft f so as to assist the cylinders a over
their dead centre.
It will be readily understood that by combining the axle and the engine as
hereinbefore described, an ordinary road carriage can if desired be very readily
converted into a self-propelled carriage without any considerable alteration in the
structure thereof.
The engine employ may be either an explosion engine,
I prefer the latter and have shown such in the drawings. Any suitable steam
or a steam engine, but
generator may be employed for supplying the engine with steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A horseless carriage in which the working cylinders of the engine for
propelling the carriage are formed or situated within a hollow axle carrying the
road wheels, substantia:ly as described.

page_text: 2. In a horseless carriage, the combination with the axle carrying the road.
wheels, of working cylinders and driving gear, substantially as described with.
reference to Figures 1 and 2 or Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of March 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..