IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING OF METALS, AND ALSO IN SUCH METAL GOODS MADE FROM SHEETS, PLATES, OR TUBES, AND ALSO FOR OTHER PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND FOR FINISHING THE SAME WHEN LEFT BY THE MACHINE OR APPARATUS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Stocker, of Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING OF METALS, AND ALSO IN SUCH METAL GOODS
MADE FROM SHEETS, PLATES, OR TUBES, AND ALSO FOR OTHER PARTS CONNECTED
THEREWITH, AND FOR FINISHING THE SAME WHEN LEFT BY THE MACHINE OR
APPARATUS."
Sealed the 24th August 1855, and dated the 21st May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Stocker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1855.
I, SAMUEL STOCKER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING OF METALS, AND ALSO IN SUCH METAL
GOODS MADE FROM SHEETS, PLATES, OB TUBES, AND ALSO FOR OTHER PARTS CON-
NECTED THEREWITH, AND FOR FINISHING THE SAME WHEN LEFT BY THE MACHINE OF
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in making common fly presses, stamps, rollers,
or other tools applicable to the bending or shaping of union joints, or parts of
union joints and other goods, out of brass or other ductile metal tubes or plates

page_text: of metal. These unions or other goods are now made by casting them in
moulds when the metal is in a fused state: my mode will be to make them when
the metal is cold, except I may wish to treat iron by the same process, then I
may wish to make the parts operated on red hot. Making of unions and
other articles by my mode will be a great saving in time, and without waste of
material, as is the case when the metal is cast in moulds in a fused state. The
unions or pipes are used for connecting two or more pipes or parts together, and
to make all sound and tight a leather washer is usually screwed between the
parts for that purpose; but I intend to use (if I require it) gutta percha or
other suitable material. To finish these and other goods after they have been
formed as before stated, it is necessary to cut threads or screws on (or in) them,
which is now done by turning them in a lathe; but I propose using other
means if I require so to do, and then I shall use a simple machine constructed
for that purpose, so as to turn a handle, like turning a wheel and crank. This
machinery is also applicable for other purposes, such as making ornaments on
tubes, or to make ornaments to put on tubes or other formed articles, or for
covering one article with another; for instance, supposo I wish to cover a
common metal with a fine metal, such as covering iron with tin, by putting
ono loose over the other this machinery will press the two or more parts quite
tight on each other, certain parts of the tools being made suitable for that
purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Stocker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
STOCKER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Samuel Stocker, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Stocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Samuel Stocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR SHAPING OF METALS, AND ALSO IN SUCH METAL GOODS MADE FROM
SHEETS, PLATES, OR TUBES, AND ALSO FOR OTHER PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
AND FOR FINISHING THE SAME WHEN LEFT BY THE MACHINE OR APPARATUS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Stocker, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Stocker, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the figures or letters marked thereon, observing that the same letters
denote the same parts in all the Figures (that is to say):-
The first head of my Invention consists in the construction of machinery or
apparatus for shaping of metals from tubes or plates of metal into such forms
or goods without the aid of melting the metal, such like goods having been
heretofore made by casting them in moulds; but I make them with machinery
such as the Drawings annexed will explain. Figure 1 represents a horizontal
press. There are two sides to this press, standing longitudinally about six inches
apart, and kept tight together by screws and bolts across each other. The
letters A shew two legs on which the bed is firmly fixed, and stands similar to
a lathe. The top, which is V shaped, is planed true, so as the standards B,
which are movable and bolted down, can easily be put at any distance from
each other, such as may be required, according to the length of tubes that may
be wished to be operated on. Letters C are two side bolts and nuts, passing
through lugs on the standards B, and may be screwed up at any distance from
head to head, having recourse to any length of bolts necessary
for that purpose;
letters D is a treble-threaded screw and box; letter E is a plain turned pin
with a slot from end to end, in which a stud is fixed in the plain slide box F
to keep it from turning round with the motion of the screw when turned
forwards and backwards by the handle of the fly wheel G. The letters H
represent stop screws, for keeping the screw box, the slide box, and tools tight.
At the letter I the screw and pin is connected similar to a screw and slide Fox
in a common fly press. The letter J represents a hole in the pin E, in which
is to be fixed any shape tool the workman may require. This machinery

page_text: is calculated to form goods of various shapes and lengths, but the same action
will be required for all; and to shew the mode of work or particulars of process,
it will only be necessary to explain one, and which I shall do by selecting a
length of tube two and a half inches in diameter and six inches long, for the
purpose of making the same into a cylinder or barrel of a pump or beer engine;
and instead of screwing or otherwise fixing on the end K a flange or bottom
of the same diameter as the cylinder, which is now the necessary way, I form
it out of the same piece of tube K in the following way:-In the slide pin E is
fixed a mandril or tool L on which is placed the tube K; this tool is made
round or conical at the point. In the standard B is fixed a corresponding tool
M, convex shape, to receive the tool L; the standard B is. placed on the bed
at a proper distance from the other standard B, so that by turning the fly
wheel G the screw D will cause the pin E and tool L to strike into the tool
M, and the pressure from the screw will cause the end of the tube K to
contract or hem in, but may not be sufficient; then I anneal the tube K and
perform the same operation, first using means to keep the tube K further out
over the nose of the tool L. On the other end of the rounded tube N a flange
may be required turning outward, which I make as follows:-First remove
the cylinder N from the tool L, and place a taper ring P on the same tool L
and replace the cylinder N on the tool L at the round end of the cylinder N;
and in the standard B is a convex tool M fixed to receive the same, and over
the cylinder N is placed a hollow tool O, in order to prevent the cylinder from
upsetting when pressed by the screw D for throwing out the flange. In order
to do this accurately, it will be necessary to have the tool O a little shorter than
the distance between the ring P and the convex tool M. When I have
pressed with the taper ring P and have commenced throwing out the flange a
little, then I remove the ring P and put on a flat ring, and by pressing again
as before, it will make a suitable flat flange on the cylinder N to receive a
flexible washer, which I shall make of gutta percha if necessary. The cylinder
being now ready to receive rings on the outside, it will require another form
of tool to make them, which I will now describe. I take any length of tube
that will slide over the cylinder N, and cut off as many pieces as may be
required rings on the cylinder N; these rings will require to be cut about one
inch long, which are forined into a bead in the following way:-I take another
tool Q, the size in diameter of the cylinder N, and fix it in the slide pin E,
and on this tool I place a ring of iron R of a suitable width, recessed out on
one side about inch to receive the short piece of tube that is to form the
bead for the cylinder N. Having put on the short piece of tube next to the
ring R, then I put on a similar ring as R, so that the short piece of tube for

page_text: the bead is between the two rings R; then I place a tool S, which has a hole
in it the size to receive the tool Q, into the standard B, and through the tool S
it will work by turning the screw D with the fly wheel G, and pressing it any
certain distance it will make the bead T of the desired shape. Now the beads
are made, they are fixed on the cylinder N in any suitable way. I would
have it understood that I intend to produce rings, swells, or flanges on any
required lengths of tube for various purposes; and on iron tube when heated it
may be necessary to use a maundril, lead, or other suitable material in the
inside of the tubes, or it may require sockets on the outside, so that by placing
them where proper, the swell can be formed where required.
Having now described the shaping machine and mode of manufacture,
although I have described only one mode, the remaining articles which will be
made will be operated on in a similar manner; and what I claim in this part
of my Invention is, machinery for producing of various shaped articles made
from tubes; and I would have it understood that many ways may be resorted
to for this purpose, both by hand tools and machinery, both of which I claim;
and also I claim the applying such shaped articles made from tubes or plates
of metal separate or in connection with any other goods, and also the use of
gutta percha, if necessary.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which consists in
making common fly presses suitable for producing of union joints and for
gas fittings and other purposes, and is as follows:-Figure 2 shews a common
fly press now used for various purposes, and is converted into an apparatus
for this purpose by having a flat head in the square. Letter A shews a taper
tool, drawn half size, as all will be in this description. On this tool A, I place
a proper length of tube B, and over this tube B, I place a cap C, which is also
taper in the inside, and is put under the head D, and by pulling the handle
of the press it will cause the cap C to press so tight down upon the piece of
tube B on tool A, that it will be of the desired tapered shape; then I take the
hollow bolster E, and transfer the now-tapered tube to it, and in the tube B,
I put the maundril F, which will exactly fit the same; and over the maundril
F, I place a different hollow tool G, which is the proper size to fit the end of
the tool F. The end of the tool G is recessed out about inch deep, the
size to slide over the end of the now-tapered tube, that as in E. Now, by
placing these tools (when adjusted over each other) under the head D in the
press as before, and pulling the handle, it will produce a lining H, the tapered
tube in E being left longer than the bolster for that purpose. This being one
part of the union joint, the next part, on which there is to be a screw cut, as
letter I, I take another length of tapered tube similar to the last, and fill it

page_text: with lead if necessary, and put it under the head D, first placing it into a
recessed bolster J the size I require, and pulling the handle of the press it will
make the part for receiving the screw, then melt out the lead, and the union
will be fit for finishing. I shall describe the mode of screwing hereafter.
The nut or female part of the union is made in a similar manner, or may
be made from sheet metal, or may be cast and pressed or stamped up.
I have now described the means I employ for making union joints or parts
of union joints; I am aware that other means may be used; and having now
described only one way, I claim every way that may answer the purpose for
making of union joints from tubes, and also for making any other sort of
goods from tubes that may require pressing, upsetting, or otherwise forming
the same for any sort of goods where cast metal in moulds are now used;
and also I claim the means of pressing or forming of ball joints from tubes
or sheet metal, if required.
I now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention, and is as
follows:-Figure 3 is a common fly press, in which is a top and bottom tool A,
of a circular form. Ietter B shews a length of tube such as may be used for
a candlestick, lamp pillar, or other similar goods. Where I wish to form a
neck in the tube, as opposite the letter C, to do this I take the tube B, and
hold it between the tools A, and by working the handle of the press, Figure 3,
and turning round the tube, it will make a well-formed neck or hollow in the
tube, as shewn in the letter C. To prevent the tube from bending or con-
tracting unevenly, I may fill it with lead, or any other suitable means, either to
expand or contract the tube. And what I claim in this part of my Invention
is, the using of any convenient means for producing goods of any suitable
sort or ornament from tubes, as before explained.
I will now describe the fourth and last part of my Invention, which is for
cutting the screws upon and in the union joints and other goods, as before
noticed, and is as follows:-Figure 4 in the Drawing shews a machine
as employed for that purpose. Letters A are two standards, through which,
at B, a horizontal bar C runs with a fly wheel and handle for turning the
same on the bar C. At B is fixed a male guide screw, and in the standard A
is fixed a female bolster D, screwed to receive the bar with the male guide
screw, and by turning the fly wheel the bar will work in and out the bearings
in the standards A, according to the fineness of the guide screw which is
attached to it. At the extreme end of the bar C stands another standard E,
and horizontally with the bar and upon the top of the standard E there is a
convenience for holding and adjusting screw tools, one for cutting the male
and the other the female part of the union joint. These tools are of the

page_text: usual make; the nose of the bar C is also made convenient for holding the
male or female part of the union for screwing.
Having now described the means employed for screwing, what I claim in
this part of my Invention is, the means used for screwing brass union joints
or such like goods by machinery similar as is above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Stocker, have hereunto set my
hand, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
0 Witness,
HENRY AUSTIN, Law Stationer,
Brighton.
SAMUEL STOCKER. (L.S.)