IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING METAL NUTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR STAMPING, FORGING, AND PUNCHING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: iled 27th July 1858.
En the Matter of a Patent granted to HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of
the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, on the Twenty-second day of
April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, for his Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING METAL NUTS, AND IN MACHINERY
FOR STAMPING, FORGING, AND PUNCHING THE SAME," (which Invention
was communicated to the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow by a foreigner
residing abroad.)
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the Office of the Con-
missioners of Patents for Inventions, pursuant to an Act passed in the
fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the
Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions," and also to an Act passed in the fifteenth and sixteenth
years of the reign of Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled "An
"Act for amending the Law for granting Patents for Inventions."
WHEREAS since the date of the said Letters Patent and of the filing of
he Final Specification thereof, I have discovered that part of the said Invention
elating to the rolling or forging iron for making six-sided nuts, as in the Einal
pecification of the said Letters Patent mentioned or described, was not new

page_text: at the date of the said Letters atent, and also that some sigut verbal or tera
errors exist in the said Specification:
Now, therefore, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby disclaim so
much of the said Specification as relates to the rolling or forging iron for
making six-sided nuts, and I do hereby alter the said Specification by omitting
the parts struck out and inserting the words written in red ink in the copy of
the same hereunder set forth, so that the said Specification; when altered by
my Disclaimer, shall be in the words, letters, and figures following, that is
to say:-.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, her special licence that I, the said Henry
Bernoulli Barlow, my exécutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANUFACTURING METAL NUTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR STAMPING,
FORGING, AND PUNCHING THE SAME," which Invention has been communicated to
me by a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that
1, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare-the-nature-of-the-said-Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
The nature of this Invention consists, First, in-rolling or forging iron-for
making-six-sided-nuts-with-angle-shaped--edges,--so-that, when a-piece-of-the
bar of suitable length is cut-off, a hexagonal blank is obtained, such as is
required-for-making a six sided nut.
Firstly, Secondly, in the manufacture of nuts from a heated bar or plate of
"

page_text: metal of suitable width and thickness at a single operation. by cutting from.
the bar or plate a piece, which constitutes the blank, swageing it into shape,.
and punching the hole or eye through it while highly heated.
Secondly, Thirdly, in compressing nuts to make them solid,.and to shape
them with smoothness and precision, by subjecting them while highly heated
to powerful and sudden compression between a pair of swages while in.the
punching die, which is properly shaped for that purpose.
Thirdly, Fourlily-in-punching the hole or eye in the nut while it is con--
fined in a die or press box; by which it is firmly supported and prevented from
bursting or straining during the operation.
And, lastly, in compressing the nut before the hole or eye is punched,: in
order that any surplus iron that may be in the die box may escape into the
holes in either swage, which surplus iron is afterwards forced or punched out
in shape of a cone or punching.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a bar of iron, the edges of which are rolled or
forged angled shape. The length of one of the sides of angle from a to bis
equal to the distance from 6 to c, consequently when a portion of the bar is
cut off at B to C, a hexagonal blank is obtained suitable for making nuts in
the ordinary manner, or by the improved machine, which is shewn in Figures 2,
3, and 4. The various moving parts of the machine are supported by the
main framing A. The principal feature of novelty in this machine is the
employment of a female die box to cut off portions from the bar marked Z in
Figure 3, and which, in this instance, is supposed to be an ordinary flat bar
for making square nuts, and receive the blank or portion cut off of swages; to
compress the blank into the shape it is desired it should be when finished, and
a punch to perforate the hole or eye in the blank. The female die or die box
I may be formed of cast iron, being a block having a square hole through its
centre, which is larger at the upper side, and is lined with cast-steel plates,
which are nicely fitted in, with the upper ends wider and thicker than the
lower ends, in order to prevent them from dropping downward, and they are
prevented from rising by a circular wrought-iron plate being let into a recess
in tlie cast block made for that purpose, and the plate having a square hole-in
its centre for the reception of the upper swage J to enter the box. The
swage J is made of wrought iron, its lower end being faced with steel and made
to correspond in size with the die box in which it is to work; the upper end

page_text: is larger, in order that it may be prevented from dropping out as the die box
is made to rise. The hole that is drilled through its centre for the punch to
ply through, is usually made longer at the upper end, and small enough at the
lower end for about half an inch of its length, to fit that part of the punch
which makes the hole in the nut. The lower end of this swage J is recessed or
dished, in order to form the impression of a washer upon the upper face of the
nut. The swage or stationary die K is made of steel, and is also perforated
through its centre-for the reception of the punching when forced out by the
punch T. The mode of operation is as follows:-The end of a properly
heated bar, of the width of the square cavity of the die box, is, to be laid upon
the rest or guide N which is affixed to the cross head, and is immediately in
front of the die box I, and as soon as the end of the knocker P has passed
from between the upper and lower swages, the bar Z is to be pushed forward
immediately below the end of the upper swage J (which at this position of the
cams protrudes from the die box a short distance) until it strikes the end of
the back plate, which is made somewhat longer than the other three sides, and
forms a guide for the length of the blank; and now the end of the bar Z being
placed immediately under the opening of the die box I and over the end of
the stationary die K, the cam shaft B is caused to turn; by this means the
full-stroke cam G operating on its frame H, which is attached by means of a
connecting rod Q to the lever E, causes the crosshead C to be depressed.
The die box being affixed to the crosshead by means of two screw bolts is
carried down on to the stationary die K, and the end is thus severed from the
bar and enclosed in the die box I, for although at the commencement of the
turning of the cam shaft the cavity of the die box was filled entirely up by the
upper swage J, still there is nothing to cause the descent of the said swage
until after the end is severed from the bar and enclosed, when on the further
descent of the crosshead C, it comes in contact with the check piece O, which
is inserted through from back to front of the crosshead in an elongated opening
immediately above the upper end of the upper swage J, and as the crosshead
comes against the check piece (0), it presses upon the upper end of the
swage (J), and causes it to descend with the die box I, and thus compress the
nut while therein confined. Immediately after this, the, cam, R, also_fixed_on
the shaft B, operating upon its frame S, draws down the crosshead D, in
which is affixed the round punch T for perforating the blank, and causes the
punch to pass through the nut and out again while thus confined, and after it
is pressed and before it is relieved from the position in which it was pressed,
or in other words, before the pressing swage began to return. Then the die-
box is carried up by the return motion of the cam G, and as the nut at this

page_text: stage of the process is tight in the die box, it would also be carried up by the
friction on its sides, but the check piece (0), which is placed immediately
above the upper swage, is prevented from rising more than half the distance
that the die box is made to rise by means of two screw nuts upon the two
rods O, and thus the upper swage J is made to project through the die box,
as before, and the finished nut must be below it, and ready to be knocked off
by the revolving arm or knocker P, which is fastened upon the upper end of
the vertical shaft F driven by bevil wheels from the shaft B. The dies, swages,
and punch must be so fixed to the machine that they can easily be removed,
and others of different dimensions put in their places, by this means the same
machine may be used for making nuts of various sizes. When six-sided nuts
are to be made, it is evident that the dies and swages must correspond, the
machine must then be supplied with a heated bar, similar to that shewn
in Figure 1, and care must be taken that the portions cut off by the down
stroke of the die box shall at all times be in a line with the dotted lines b, c.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the Invention as com-
municated to me, I wish it to be understood that I claim as of the said
Invention,
First, rolling-or-forging iron-for-making six-sided nuts, as shewn and described
in-reference-to-Figure 1.
Firstly, Secondly, manufacturing nuts by cutting off a portion of a heated
bar or plate, swaging it into shape, and punching a hole or eye through it, as
described.
Secondly, Thirdly, compressing nuts while in the die box, as described.
Thirdly, Fourthly, punching the hole in the nut while the same is confined
in the die box, as described.
And, lastly, compressing the nut before the hole is punched, in order that
the surplus metal may escape into the holes of the swages.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-mentioned Henry Bernoulli
Barlow to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which
the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer."

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of the City of Manchester,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING
METAL NUTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR STAMPING, FORGING, AND PUNCHING THE
SAME." A communication.
Sealed the 20th October 1854, and dated the 22nd April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, onl
the 22nd April 1854.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING METAL NUTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR STAMPING, FORGING, AND
PUNCHING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in rolling iron for making six-sided nuts, in
such wise that the edges of a flat bar are angle-shaped, so that when a piece
of the bar is cut off, it shall be hexagonal.
Secondly, this Invention consists in a new combination of machinery, for
cutting off a portion of a bar of metal which has previously been heated,
compressing this portion in a die box, punching a hole through it, and then
pushing it.to one side that it may be out of the way, when the bar is again
advanced into the machine for making the next nut.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Bernoulli, Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special license that I, the said Henry
Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from.. time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING METAL NUTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR STAMPING,
FORGING, AND PUNCHING THE SAME," which Invention has been communicated to
me by a foreigner residing abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same. to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next. and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:--
The nature of this Invention consists,-
First, in rolling or forging iron for making six-sided nuts with angle-shaped
edges, so that when a piece of the bar of suitable length is cut off, a hexagonal
-blank-is obtained, such as is required for making a six-sided nut..
Secondly, in the manufacture of nuts from a heated bar or plate of metal
of suitable width and thickness at a single operation, by cutting from the bar
or plate a piece which constitutes the blank, swageing it into shape, and
punching the hole or eye through it while highly heated.
Thirdly, in compressing nuts to make them solid, and to shape them with
smoothness and precision, by subjecting them while highly heated to powerful

page_text: and sudden compression between a pair of swages while in the punching
die, which is properly shaped for that purpose.
Fourthly, in punching the hole or 'eye in the nut while it is confined, in a
die or press box,-by which it is firmly supported, and prevented from bursting
or straining during the operation.
And, lastly, in compressing the nut before the hole or eye is punched, in
order that any surplus iron that may be in the 'die box may escape into the
holes in either swage, which surplus iron is afterwards forced or punched out
in shape of à cone or punching.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a bar of iron, the edges of which are rolled or
forged angle-shaped. The length of one of the sides of angle from a to b
is equal to the distance from 6 to c; consequently, when a portion of the bar
is cut off at 6 to c; a hexagonal blank is obtained, suitable for making nuts
in the ordinary manner, or by the improved machine which is shewn in
Figures 2, 3, and 4. The various moving parts of the machine are supported
by the main framing A. The principal feature of novelty in this machine is
the employment of a female die or die box, to cut off portions from the bar,
marked Z, in Figure 3, and which in this instance is supposed to be an ordinary
flat bar for making square nuts, and receive the blank or portion cut off of
swages to compress the blank into the shape it is desired it should be when
finished, and a punch to perforate the hole or eye in the blank. The female
die or die box I may be formed of cast iron, being a block, having a square
hole through its centre, which is larger at the upper side, and is lined with cast
steel plates, which are nicely fitted in, with the upper ends wider and thicker
than 'the lower ends, in order to prevent them from dropping downward; and
they are prevented froin rising by a circular wrought-iron plate being let into
a recess in the cast block made for that purpose, and the plate having a square
hole in its centre for the reception of the upper swage J to enter the box.
The swage J is made of wrought iron, its lower end being faced with steel,
and made to correspond in size with the die box in which it is to work; the
upper end is larger, in order that it may be prevented from dropping out as
the die box is made to rise. The hole that is drilled through its centre for
the punch to ply through is usually made larger at the upper end, and small
enough at the lower end, for about half an inch of its length, to fit that part
of the punch which makes the hole in the nut. The lower end of this swage J

page_text: is recessed or dished, in order to form the impression of a washer upon the
upper face of the nut. The swage or stationary die K is made of steel, and is
also perforated through its centre for the reception of the punching when
forced out by the punch T. The mode of operation is as follows:-The end
of a properly heated bar of the width of. the square cavity of the die box is to
be laid upon the rest or guide N, which is affixed to the cross head, and is
immediately in front of the die box I, and as soon as the end of the knocker P
has passed from between the upper end lower swages, the bar Z is to be
pushed forward immediately below the end of the upper swage J (which at
this position of the cams protrudes from the die box a short distance) until it
strikes the end of the back plate, which is made somewhat longer than the
other three sides, and forms a guide for the length of the blank; and now the
end of the bar Z being placed immediately under the opening of the die box I,
and over the end of the stationary die K, the cam shaft B is caused to turn; by
this means the full stroke cam G, operating on its frame H, which is attached
by means of a connecting rod Q to the lever E, causes the cross head C to be
depressed. The die box, being affixed to the cross head by means of two screw'
bolts, is carried down on to the stationary die K, and the end is thus severed
from the bar and enclosed in the die box I; for although at the commence-.
ment of the turning of the cam shaft the cavity of the die box was filled
entirely up by the upper swage J, still there is nothing to cause the descent
of the said swage until after the end is severed from the bar and enclosed,
when, on the further descent of the cross head C, it comes in contact with the
check piece O, which is inserted through from back to front of the cross
head in an elongated opening immediately above the upper end of the upper
swage J; and as the cross head comes against the check piece (0), it presses
upon the upper end of the swage (J), and causes it to descend with the die
box I, and thus compress the nut while therein confined; immediately after
this, the cam R, also fixed on the shaft B, operating upon its frame S, draws
down the cross head D, in which is affixed the round punch T for perforating
the blank, and causes the punch to pass through the nut and out again while
thus confined, and after it is pressed and before it is relieved from the position
in which it was pressed, or, in other words, before the pressing swage began to
return. Then the die box is carried up by the return motion of the cam G.
and as the nut at this stage of the process is tight in the die box, it would
also be carried up by the friction on its sides, but the check piece (0),
which is placed immediately above the upper swage, is prevented from
rising more than half the distance that the die box is made to rise, by
means of two screw nuts upon the two rods O, I; and thus the upper swage J

page_text: is made to project through the die box as before, and the finished nut must
be below it and ready to be knocked off by the revolving arm or knocker P,
which is fastened upon the upper end of the vertical shaft F, driven by bevil
wheels from the shaft B. The dies, swages, and punch must be so fixed to
the machine that they can easily be removed, and others of different dimen-
sions put in their places; by this means the same machine may be used for
making nuts of various sizes. When six-sided nuts are to be made, it is
evident that the dies and swages must correspond; the machine must then
be supplied with a heated bar, similar to that shewn in Figure 1, and care
must be taken that the portions cut off by the down stroke of the die box
shall at all times be in a line with the dotted lines b, c.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the Invention as
communicated to me, I wish it to be understood that I claim as of the said
Invention,
First, rolling or forging iron for making six-sided nuts, as shewn and
described in reference to Figure 1.
Secondly, manufacturing nuts by cutting off a portion of a heated bar
or plate, swaging it into shape, and punching a hole or eye through it, as
described..
Thirdly, compressing nuts while in the die box, as described.
Fourthly, punching the hole in the nut while the same is confined in the die
box, as described.
And, lastly, compressing the nut before the hole is punched, in order that
the surplus metal may escape into the holes of the swages.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)