IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, AND IN A MORE ECONOMICAL PROVISIONAL SPL USE OF THE HEAT GENERATED THEREIN FOR HEATING OR COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederick Longden, of No. 44, Oxford
Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, Ironfounder, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, AND IN A MORE ECONOMICAL
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederick
Longden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd December 1872.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK LONGDEN, of No. 44, Oxford Street, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND IN A MORE
ECONOMICAL USE OF THE HEAT GENERATED THEREIN FOR HEATING OR COOKING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of improvements in the forms of those
fire-grates, ranges, and stoves which are commonly used in dwelling
houses for the heating or warming of apartments or halls.
The bottom grates of the fire-places, ranges, and stoves may be
made either of perforated fire-brick or of iron, and in order to cause
1

page_text: more perfect combustion I make the openings in the bottom grates
of smaller dimensions than those now commonly in use.
In those cases in which a closed chimney is not employed, as for
example in an ordinary "register grate," the whole or part of the
smoke will be carried through a flue or flues behind either the sides or
back or behind both the sides and the back of the fire into the chimney,
and in order to create combustion of the smoke whilst passing through
such flue or flues I cause it to be mixed with warm fresh air drawn in
at the lower part of the fire-place, and heated by contact with or by
passing through fire-brick or other material placed near to or in contact
with the fire.
In the case of open stoves or grates I make a flue at the back or
the back and sides of the fire by placing two brick or metal casings
near each other, with the inner casing in contact with the fire and the
outer casing (which has gills on the back or outer side) around and
at the back of such inner casing. Through the inner casing arc one
or more apertures at the back or back and sides of the fire, through
which the smoke from the fire passes into such flue and thence into
the chimney. In or near the inner casing I also make holes or
apertures of circular or other shapes, which have the tower or outer end
or opening in the apartment or other open space, and they are placed
in such a position as to draw fresh air from thence, and the upper
or inner ends or openings of such holes or apertures are in the said
flue, or are in such a position as to discharge the said fresh air into
the said flue, such air having in passing through such holes or apertures,
as aforesaid, become heated. At the back of the said outer brick
or metal casing and placed at a small distance therefrom is another
casing of iron, which makes an air chamber around such outer.brick,
into which the heat imparted to such outer casing from the said flue
is discharged. In the case of ranges the above object may be effected
by an arrangement of pipes or conduits for fresh air, which may
be placed in contact with or near to the fire, and having the inner or
upper end in the ordinary flue or flues of the range.
1
The effect of the arrangement before described is to cause more'
perfect combustion of the fuel, and at the same time to heat a large
quantity of air which can be used for heating purposes.
The additional heat, which it is the object of this Invention to
produce, may be imparted in cases of kitchen ranges to the oven, boiler,

page_text: "
and hot plate, or to such of them as it may be desired to heat by means
of flues, and in cases of hot air stoves or heating apparatuses; not
being ranges, to those portions of such stoves or apparatuses as may be
designed to give off heat, and in every case of a register grate,"
Stephen's grate," or other grate with open fire to the outer or
hindermost surface or surfaces of the flue. or flues, situated as before
mentioned.
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The heat from such air chamber or chambers will be utilized for
the additional heating of the apartment, in which the particular grate
or stove employed shall or may be fixed or placed, by being discharged
through an opening in the room at the top of or above the grate, or
such heat may be conducted by means of pipes or other suitable
appliances into any other apartment in the building which may be
required to be warmed.
In every case there will be the usual means of access to the chimney
for the purpose of cleaning.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Frederick Longden in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FREDERICK LONGDEN, of No. 44, Oxford Street, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Ironfounder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Charles Frederick Longden, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Frederick Longden, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Frederick Longden, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-

page_text: vention for 'IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND IN A MORE ECONOMICAL USE
OF THE HEAT GENERATED THEREIN FOR HEATING OR COOKING PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Frederick
Longden, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Frederick Longden, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in improvements in fire-places and stoves with
a view to economise heat and promote the more complete combustion of
fuel in the bottom of the grate, which may be of fire-brick or iron. I
cause a number of small holes to be made, such holes being smaller than
those now generally in use. Behind the back or the back and sides of
the grate I construct a flue, into which the smoke from the fire passes.
When the fire is first lighted, or if the draught of the chimney be
defective, the smoke can be partly carried off by a door in the front of
the flue.
I cause fresh air to be introduced into the flue by means of an
apperture placed below or at the sides of the grate, which air being
warmed by the heat from the fire mingles with the smoke and promotes
more complete combustion of the smaller particles of fuel. The back or
outside of the flue is constructed with gills arranged vertically and com-
municating with the outer air by means of apparatus below or at the side
of the grate. By this means a large quantity of air is drawn in, and
passing up the back of the flue between the gills becomes heated, and
may be either utilized for the purpose of warming the room by being
allowed to pass out through appertures arranged above the fire-place, or
may be conveyed by means of pipes for the purpose of warming other
apartments, and for other heating purposes.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I have annexed
hereto a Sheet of Drawings and illustration thereof; but it is evident that
the details of my Invention may be readily adapted so as to suit the
requirements of cach particular casē.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
In the annexed Drawings I shew two methods of conducting the warm
fresh air into the smoke flue, and two methods of introducing warm air
into the apartments, the principle being the same in both. Figure 2 is a
section, and Figure 3 a plan of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a section of, and
Figure 6 a plan of Figure 4. In these Drawings I show a perforated
fire-brick bottom under the fire, but the bottom may be made of cast
iron if preferred. It is shown dished and perforated in the Drawings,
but it may be made of bars if of cast iron. All the remainder of the
grate is of iron. The gilled outer case A, A, Figures 2 and 3, is of firc-
clay, which I prefer to use.
The two elevations, Figures 1 and 4, show the grates as seen when
fixed, B, B, being the inner portion, and A, A, the gilled outer portion
of the flue.
The warm fresh air enters from under the fire bottom at small
crevices, shewn by the arrow in Figure 2, or by an iron pipe E, shewn
in Figures 4, 5, and 6, and is mixed with the smoke at the bottom
of the flue, as shown. There is a door H, as in ordinary grates, for
sweeping the chimney, which can also be used to assist the draught if
necessary.
The air which is to be warmed by the gilled surfaces may be either
drawn from the apartment itself by grating, as drawn, Figures 1 and 4,
at the foot of stove, or it may come from any other source which is
desirable, but it must enter at the bottom of air chamber K, and can
be discharged, first, by grating at top of the fire-place, as in Figures 1
and 2; second, by side passages, as D, D, in Figures 4 and 5; on third,
by a conduit into some other room.
I prefer to construct the outer case of sheet iron so as to cause the air
to pass up quickly.
In the above Drawings I bave illustrated my Invention as applied to
ordinary open grates and fire-places.
In the case of ranges or close stoves the details can be readily adapted
so as to suit the requirements of each case.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I declare that what I claim

page_text: is, the construction and use of fire-places, stoves, ranges, or grates, sub-
stantially in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederick Longden, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.