improvements in Testing Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 19th Sept., 1891
improvements in Testing Machines..
A communication froin TINIUS OLSEN, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in testing machines and has for
its objects to provide a better and more quickly applied gripping device for holding
the specimens under test, greater and easier and more universal applicable
facilities for transmitting the distortion of specimens under test to the measuring
and recording apparatus, the avoidance of inaccuracies in previous machines
consequent upon changes of form and dimension during the testing operation, a
greater celerity in working the machine, and a ready adaptability of the same
machine to specimens of large and small dimensions and to material of greater and
lesser tenacity, also devices for attaching the measuring instruments to specimens
for expediting work and regulating adjustably the rate of automatic weighing of
the increased strain and providing an automatic alarm for any accidental interruption
of the working of the weighing machine.
The several desiderata are accomplished by mechanisms hereinafter fully
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of a testing machine embodying this invention.
Fig. 2 a top or plan thereof.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section of a portion of the invention shown in
Fig. 1, in the plan indicated by the dotted linea a in Figure 1 showing the parts
involved in the mechanism for transmitting motion from the calipering devices to
the recording cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a detached front view of the weighing beam showing a modification
adapted to testing of small and light specimens of the poise portion of the weighing
beam.
Fig. 5 is another modification for the same purpose as Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the balancing pivot of the weighing beam and
the pulley for transmitting motion to the recording apparatus.
Fig. 7 is a detached plan view of the calipering mechanism for measuring the
extension of material under test.
Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a plan and a side view of the calipering parts
drawn on an enlarged scale.
Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively elevations and detached views of the calipering
devices for measuring extensions.
Fig. 12 is a partial section of the parts involved in attachments of the calipering
mechanism to the recording drum or cylinder.
Fig. 13 is a section presenting the same in elevation and end view.
Fig. 14 shows an outlined end elevation of the gearing for transmitting motion
from the driving power to the extending or stretching mechanism of the machine,
showing the mechanism for changing from a slow movement with great force to a
quicker motion with less force.
Figs. 15 and 16 show rear views of the same in different positions of adjustment,
to wit, for fast motion and for slow motion.
Fig. 17 shows the mechanism for gripping specimens at the upper end.
Fig. 18 is a plan view of the mechanism for gripping specimens.
Fig. 19 is a vertical section of said mechanism.

page_text: gripping specimens.
Fig. 23 shows the fulcrum for equalizing the action of the two arms of the
calipers shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
Fig. 24 shows a perspective view of a device for clamping specimens so as to
apply the calipers for measuring the changes of form in the direction of the line
of force.
Fig. 25 shows an apparatus in plan view for expeditiously applying the clamping
mechanism shown in Fig. 24.
Fig. 26 shows a front elevation thereof, and
Fig. 27 is an end view thereof.
Fig. 28 is a detached view of the adjustable gearing for varying the rate of
motion of the poise on the weighing beam.
Fig. 29 a section thereof, and
Fig. 30 an enlarged detached view of the alarm apparatus for signalling
interruptions of the weighing functions.
r
The general construction of the framework of the machine and of the levers for
multiplying the force from the weighing beam and the screws for moving the
testing jaws is similar to that of other machines but for the purpose of facilitating
a clear understanding of the novel parts, they are shown in the drawing and referred
to by reference marks in this Specification.
1 is the entablature in which the upper jaws are fitted which entablature 1 rests
upon four columns marked 2 resting upon a base 3 which rests upon the knife
edges pivots 4 of the force multiplying levers 116 and 117 (see Fig. 1) the
levers 116 and 117 (see Fig. 1) are supported by fulcrums 46 resting on the
base 47.
5 is the lower moving head containing the lower gripping jaws and is moved
downward and upward by four screws marked 6 operated by nuts 7 turned by gear
wheels 8 in the base of the machine 47. The gear wheels in the base of the
machine are propelled by one pinion 9 moving all of them at the same velocity so
that a uniform motion is imparted to the moving head at all parts and the parallelism
thereof with the upper head or entablature is preserved the wheels 8 and nuts 7 are
shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.
The central vertical pinion 9 is propelled by a bevelled wheel 10 fixed upon the
lower portion of its shaft 11 and turned by a bevelled pinion 12 upon a horizontal
shaft 13 provided at its outer end with and turned by a spur wheel 14 which is
driven alternately by a pinion 15 or an idle wheel 16.
The pinion 15 is secured to and turned by a spur wheel 17 upon its arbor or
stud 18 and driven by a pinion 19 fixed upon a sleeve 22 sliding upon and turning
with the driving shaft 20 the sleeve 22 has also fixed upon it a spur wheel 21 and
is susceptible of lengthwise motion on the shaft 20 so that when the said sleeve 22
is in one position as shown in Figure 15, the pinion 19 is brought into gear with
the spur wheel 17 which turns said wheel and with multiplied force and decreased
velocity and turns the pinion 15 secured to the wheel 17. The pinion 15 engages
in the teeth of the wheel 14 on the shaft 13 and turns them with increased force
attended with a further reduction of velocity.
When said sleeve 22 is moved in the opposite direction as shown in Fig. 16 the
pinion 19 is disengaged from the wheel 17 and the spur wheel 21 engages in the
wheel 16 which transmits the motion to the wheel and shaft 13 with a much greater
velocity but less multiplication of force than in the adjustment previously described
enabling the operator to adjust the position of the moving head to positions suitable
to specimens of different lengths with greater celerity.
The lengthwise motion of the wheels 19 and 21 and their connecting sleeve 22
on shaft 20 is effected by collars formed on the sleeve 22 engaging a forked lever 23
fastened to and operated through the shaft 24 and hand lever 25 on the opposite
end of the shaft at the front of the machine.
The rotative motion of the shaft 20 is derived from pulleys 26 and 27 which

page_text: turn freely upon the said shaft 20-unless engaged therewith which they can only do
alternately by the friction clutches 28 and 29 operated by a sleeve 30 controlled
by a forked lever 31 through a shaft 32 operated by a hand lever 33 at the front
of the machine.
The motion which engages the clutch 28 must previously disengage the clutch 29
and when the lever 31 and sleeve 30 are in intermediate position neither are
engaged. The pulley 26 is made large in diameter and of broad face so as to
convey ample power for the testing of the strongest specimens and is driven by a
corresponding strong band and driving power wheel whilst the pulley 27 is of
smaller diameter and narrower face and is driven by a narrow band from a pulley
having a face travelling at a higher velocity. By the use of these two pulleys
great celerity of action is procured in adjusting the machine to the position where
the power becomes operative on the specimens under test.
When it is desired to ascertain very accurately the strength or stress of elonga-
tion of the specimen and it becomes necessary to apply the stress continuously and
slowly a separate system of gearing is brought into play which is applied by hand
so as to render the action of the machine more sensitive. This is constructed and
operated in the following manner :—
Upon the end of the shaft 20 is secured a grooved wheel 34 of large diameter so
as to turn with it, a very small wheel 35 turning with an arbor 36 imparts motion
to the wheel 34 when pressed into the groove which is done by means of a chain 37,
adjusting screw 38 and nut 39 shaped as a hand wheel raising the tilting bearing 40
(in which the arbor 35 turns) at one end and depressing the other end. The
arbor 36 receives rotative motion from the band wheel 41 connected by an endless
band 42 with the pulley 43 of small diameter secured to and turning with the
pulley 27. A helical spring 44 is interposed between the nut 39 and the support 45
so that the degree of pressure exerted in engaging the wheel 35 into the wheel 34
can be easily and evenly distributed on the periphery of the wheel 34 by the
frictional contact of the wheels thus procuring a very slowly and evenly applied
stress.
The degree of pressure applied to force the wheel 35 into contact with the
wheel 3 varies the resistance of the spring 44 to the turning of the nut 39, so that
with a little experience the operator can readily acquire a sense of touch upon the
parts and graduate the application of force to a great nicety.
The specimen under test marked 48 in the drawing, is held between gripping
jaws 49 shown in Figs. 17, 18 and 19 and separately with its accompanying parts
or adjuncts in Figs. 20, 21 and 22. The jaws 49 themselves are wedge shaped as
shown in detached views in Fig. 20 the perpendicular side of the wedge is placed
against the specimen and the inclined side, which is provided with projecting
flanges 50 fits in a correspondingly inclined block slide 51 in the grooves marked 52.
The jaws 49 are supported during the operation of introducing the specimen by a
slotted slide 53 fitting through the opening 54 formed in said slides which slides 53
are provided with an eye 55 fitting on a bolt 56 in a lever 57 balanced upon a
fulcrum 58 by a counterweight 59. The lever 57 is provided with a handle 60 at
the front of the machine so that the operator can raise and lower the jaws and
wedge them upon the specimen under test when the specimen is not under strain
which affords a greater facility in the introduction of the specimen. The slides 51
are fitted upon plungers 61 fitted to slide horizontally in the entablature 1 and the
moving head 5. The plungers 61 are forced inwardly and supported in position
laterally by strong screws 62 fitted in nuts formed in the drawhead 5 and in the
entablature 1. The plungers 61 are compelled to follow the return motion of
the screw 62 by a screw bolt 63 fitted centrally through the screw 62 into the
plunger 61. By turning the screw 62 different lateral adjustments of the slides 52
and jaws 49 are readily effected to adapt the space between the jaws 49 to different
thicknesses of specimens. When strain is applied in the direction of the length
of the specimen the jaws 49 slide toward the converging ends of the slides 52 and
are forced more tightly against the specimen increasing the grip thereon.

page_text: When the specimen is introduced the jaws 49 are by means of the lever handle 60
and lever 57 bolt 56 and slide 53 drawn towards the diverging ends of the slide 51
and opened.
After the specimen is inserted by a reversed movement of the
handle 60, the jaws 49 are closed against the specimen. The jaws remaining by
reason of their balanced condition from the action of the counterweight 59 in
whatever adjustment they may have been placed by hand until the tensile strain is
applied when they are forcibly drawn towards the converging ends of the slides 52
and must firmly grasp the specimen. Upon the specimen 48 are placed collars or
clamps 64 fastened thereon in definite position by pointed set screws 65 the purpose
of which collars or clamps 64 is to measure the amount of the extension which
takes place during the test in the length of the specimen between the points of
impingement upon the specimen by the set screws 65 in the two collars or
clamps 64. The construction of the collars or clamps 64 is shown in the Figs. 25,
26 and 27 and in Fig. 24 in perspective on an enlarged scale.
The specimens 48 are secured in the clamps 64 between pointed screws,64_and
opposite points 65¹ which opposite points 651 are forced towards the specimen by a
helical spring 65¹ in a cavity 65 pressing against the collar 65 so that the
impingement of the points 65 and the screw point 65 is with an elastic pressure
and reaction and by such reaction adapts the clamps 64 to any changes of form
such as reduction in breadth or thickness of the specimen during the test.
For facility of applying and removing the specimens the clamps 64 are made
with a detachable cap or side piece or plate 66 fitting over tenons 67 and provided
with guiding plates 68 attached by screws 69 provided with nuts 70 and washers 71
fitting the top of the clamp 66 so that when the top of the clamp with its guiding
plates is firmly placed against the specimen and the points of the set screws 65
entered the sides of the specimen 48 the clamps will although attached to the
specimen by two points only by the assistance of the guiding plate 68 retain the
desired position on the specimen 48. Other specimens can be quickly brought into
the same position without any pains or delay in readjustment, by simply letting
the caps or side plates 66 of the clamps 64 and the connected guiding plates 68
rest on the specimen. The correct alignment of the screws 65 with the point 65'
on the opposite side of the specimen in the same clamp is secured by a guiding
block 72 through which the screw 65 passes and fits said block 72 sliding between
the base of the clamp 64 the cap 66. In order to apply the clamp easily and at
the same time at definite distances upon specimens for any series of tests an
apparatus shown in Figs. 25, 26 and 27 is provided upon which the base of each
of the clamps 64 fits.
The clamps 64 have grooves 73 in their under side which fit upon corresponding
ridges or tongues upon sliding blocks 7ň which sliding blocks 75 are fitted to slide
lengthwise upon a supporting guide 76 and are held in lengthwise adjustment
thereon by set screws 77. The function of the sliding blocks 75 and guide 76 is
to provide a prompt and casy means of locating the clamps 64 at the same definite
distances upon the specimens to be tested and also to afford a ready means of
locating the specimens in the clamps 64 with proper relation to the points of
impingement of the set screws 65 to the thickness of the specimens. To effect
this latter function, in each of the sliding blocks 75 there is fitted with the axis
transverse to the slide 76 a polygonal prism 78 mounted eccentrically upon a
shaft 79 and turned by the hand of the operator by knobs 80 and held in rotative
adjustment by pins 81 fitting through the blocks 75 in holes in the journal of the
'eccentric polygonal prism 78. The position of the holes in the journals and the
radial distance of the different sides of the prisms from their centre of rotation is
such that in the several adjustments thereof when the pin interlocks with the
holes in the journal and in the blocks 75 there will be a graduated height from the
blocks and the sides of the prisms to furnish the support for different thicknesses of
specimens, so as to hold them in position when the clamps 64 rest on the block in
order that the set screws 65 shall be in central position upon the edge or side in
relation to the thickness of the specimens 48 in the event of having a number of
...

page_text: specimens of the same thickness to test in a series, the operator having once
adjusted the apparatus for such thickness can promptly apply the clamps to them
with the set screws 65 in the proper central position thus a series of tests can be
made with very little detention in adjusting the specimens to the clamps.
When the specimen 48 is placed in the machine it is held between the jaws 49 in
the manner already explained and the calipers 82 and 83 shown in Fig. 1 and
in the enlarged view in Figs. 7 and 8 are placed in contact with the inner sides of
the clamps 64. The calipers 82 and 83 consist of arms 84 and 85 pivotally
attached by their ends opposite to those resting on the clamp 64 to the clamps 86
fitting upon upright bars 87 and 88 (shown in Fig. 3). A projecting arm 86'
extends from the clamps 86 between the arms 84 and 85 of the calipers 82 and 83
and has formed upon it a knife edge 89 upon which fits a ring of metal 90 provided
with an arm upon each side marked 91 and 92 which fit through apertures in the
arms 84 and 85 and are curved so as to coincide with the motion in curved lines.
which the arms 82 and 83 have upon their pivots 93 and 94 by which they are
attached to the arms 86'. The pivots 93 and 94 by which the arms 84 and 85 are
attached to the arms 86' are made susceptible of motion vertically as well as
horizontally so that the calipering arms 84 and 85 can, with the ring 90 and
arms 91 and 92 be vibrated upon a knife edge 89. The calipering arms 84 and 85
being applied with their end to the clamp 64 with one arm upon each side of the
specimen, if any unequal tension of the specimen takes place upon one side more
than the other, the calipering arms turning upon a knife edge 89 adapt themselves
to such change and transmit the movement to the clamp 86 which movement is the
mean between the motion of the two arms 84 and 85. The motion of the calipers
is transmitted through the arm 86' and clamp 86 to the rod 87 and to the link 101.
Motion of the rod 87 is transmitted by a lever 74 through the cord 95 shown in
Fig. 3 passing round a pulley 96 in the end of the lever 97 mounted upon a
fulcrum 95 and passes over a second pulley 99 up to a drum or winding barrel 100.
The winding drun 100 is enclosed and supported in a hollow shell or case 102
which also in its lower part furnishes a support for the pulley or sheave 99. (Shown
in Figs. 1, 3, 12 and 13.) The opposite arms of the lever 97 to that bearing the
pulley 96 is connected pivotally by link 101 to the counter arm of the upper
caliper 83 this arm of the lever 97 is of such length relatively to the length of the
arm bearing pulley 96 as well as to proportions of the arms of the calipering
lever 83 that the motion imparted to the drum 100 is the result of the differences
of motion between the two calipers. The drum being always wound tight by a
spring 100¹ shown in the section in Fig. 13 and the position of the pulley 96 being
varied by the position of the upper caliper 83. The rotation of the barrel 100 and
the connected recording cylinder 102 fixed upon the same arbor and turning
with it is always proportioned to the variations of the distance between the
calipering points as controlled by the clamps 64 connected with each other by the
specimen 48 to which they are attached.
The location of the lever 97 or link 101 and pulley 99 is in a vertical plane with
a balancing pivot 111 of the beam making this transmission of motion to the
cylinder 100 and is such as to be unaffected by the oscillation of the weighing
beam 118 to which the bearing of the arbor of the cylinder 100 and recording
drum 102-are attached and a pencil 103 held in contact with the cylinder 102 or a
diagram sheet attached thereto graphically records on said diagram sheet the
motions of rotation of the record cylinder which may take place in consequence of
any extension or stretching or other changes of shape of the specimen under test.
The said pencil 103 is attached to a nut 104' fitted and moving lengthwise upon a
screw 104 which is connected and turned with the screw 105 which shifts the
weight 106 upon the weighing beam 118 the shifting of said poise being made by
the operation of a cord and gearing controlled by clectrical contacts and an electro-
magnet. The combined effect of the lengthwise motion in the direction of the axis
of the screw 104 as communicated to the pencil 103 and the motion of the diagram
sheet upon the cylinder 102 is to produce curved lines graphically indicative of

page_text: the extension and also of the strain under which such extension took place and thus
affords an exact record of the properties of the material of the specimens under
test and its strength at every stage of its tests.
In order to facilitate the introduction of the specimens a cam 73 provided with a
handle 73 by which it can be turned upon its axis with its larger side either
upward or downward is placed under the lever 74. When turned with its larger
side up the lever 74 is raised and the caliper fingers or arms 84 and 85 are retracted
from the collars or clamps 64 on the specimen and when turned in the opposite
direction the fingers or arms 84 and 85 rest upon the collars or clamps 64 and
participate in their motion with the effect hereinafter described.
As above described the invention is applied to the recording of tensile distorsion
of specimens the same apparatus however being equally adapted for recording
compression or any other distorsion of a specimen in the line of stress it is
subjected to.
It is not essential that the recording apparatus be mounted on the beam of the
machine. The calipers and connected levers and rods in connection with the
lever 97 pulley 96 and cord 95 may be connected to a recording apparatus inde-
pendent of the beam the motion of the poise on the beam or the amount of stresses
in this case being transferred from the beam to the recording apparatus in the
same manner by a cord over a pulley in vertical plane to the balancing pivot or by
equivalent means.
In order to adapt this machine and its system of measuring and recording devices
to ready applicability to large and small specimens it is desirable and sometimes
necessary to use a lighter weight or poise than the usual weight 106 (shown in
Fig. 1) and in making such change of weight it becomes necessary to avoid any
change in the position of the centre of gravity. in a vertical direction, of the
beam 118 and its rigidly connected parts if a smaller weight or poise is substituted
for the large weight 106 and an additional weight 107 rigidly secured to the end
of the beam 118 and located below the level of the beam 118 may be employed or a
weight hung pivotally from the knife edges 110 carried upon a travelling slide or
trolley 108 upon the beam 118 so as to preserve the proper level position of the
beam when in equilibrium throughout all adjustments of the weights 106 and 108
sliding upon it.
The rigid connection of the weight or counterpoise 107 to the end of the beam
is preferable because it imparts a steadier motion to the beam 118 when in
operation.
To enable the poise 106 or 108 to be moved a greater or less distance for each
oscillation of the beam 118 there is introduced in the mechanism for propelling
the screw 105 a series of adjustable friction wheels shown in Figs. 28 and 29.
Motion is imparted by an endless band 140 (Fig. 2) propelled by the grooved
pulley 141 and passing over guiding pulleys 142 to the grooved wheel 133 turns
with it a flat disc wheel 132 having a thickened rim. The rim of the wheel 132 is
pressed between the two wheels 121 and 122, having slightly convex or spherical
faces centrally supported and turning upon balls 123 and 124 which rest upon
smaller balls 125 rolling in circular grooves 126 in the opposite faces of bracket
arms 127 vibrated upon a fulcrum 128 by a lever 129 operated by a screw 130 and
nut 131 controlled by the hand of the operator.
Between the wheels 121 and 122 opposite to the wheel 132 is placed a wheel 120
similar in form to the wheel 132 which has connected with it so as to turn there-
with a wheel 1321 which operates an endless band 144 passing over guiding
pulleys 145 transmitting motion to the grooved wheel 146 turning the screw 105
which moves the poise 106 upon the beam 118 in the same manner as in the
machines hitherto known.
When the central part of the wheels 121 and 122 embrace the rim of the
wheel 120 the outer portion of the wheels 121 and 122 embrace the rim of the
wheel 132 and the rotation of the wheel 132 is greatly retarded. By changing
the position of the wheels 121 and 122 by means of the nut 131, screws 130,

page_text: lever 129 vibrating the bracket arms 127 an accelerating effect is produced and by
any intermediate adjustment any desired intermediate rate of motion is secured
thus adapting the rate of increased poise effect to suit the properties of the
specimens under test. Such adjustments of the rate of increase of strain are readily
effected during the progress of the test without interfering in any manner with the
accuracy of the record. The engagement of the mechanism for moving the
weights 106 and 108 upon the beam is controlled by the operation of an electric
circuit having in it one electrode 136 placed above and near the end of the beam 118
and another electrode 137 attached to the beam 118 and directly under the
electrode 136. These electrodes close the circuit when the strength of the
specimen under test exceeds the force of the weights as adjusted on the beam and
the closing of the electric circuit actuates the screw 105. In order to relieve the
operator from the necessity of constantly watching the motion of the beam 118 and
connected parts throughout the test and to indicate to the operator when the
machine is moving too fast or the poise is shifting too slowly and from either of
these causes the beam rises to the upper limit of the locking frame and the machine
demands attention, under such conditions 1 connect with the electrical contact
apparatus an alarm by means of a second pair of electrodes 134 aard 135 (shown in
Fig. 30) where they are shown as attached to the upper end of the electrode 136
(which by contact with the electrode 137 in the beam 118 controls the motion of
the screw 105 moving the poise 106.
. The electrodes 134 and 135 make contact only when the beam 118 rises beyond
its normal range of vibration and then an alarm operated by the electric circuit
in control of the electrodes 134 and 135 signals for the attention of the operator.
For the purpose of readily observing the extension of the specimen or other
changes of form as tested by the calipering devices and transmitted to. the diagram
holding cylinder a mechanism for exhibiting the motion of the drum multiplied so
as to be easily seen, is applied.
This mechanism is shown in dotted lines in the upper part of Fig. 3 and consists
in a large graduated arc 150 over the face of which an index or pointer 151
moves turning with an arbor 152 placed concentrically with the arc 150 and turned
by a pinion or roller 153 operated by a segment 154 mounted upon and turned by
an arbor 155 receiving motion through a roller 156 to which is attached one end of
a flexible plate or spring 157 the opposite end of which is attached by a clamp 158*
to the edge of the diagram holding drum 102. To facilitate the angular adjustment
of the index 151 with the graduations upon the are 150 the roller 158 is secured to
the arbor 155 by means of a set screw 159 so that when the specimen makes
contact with the calipers the set screw 159 can be loosened and the index adjusted
to the initial point and the. screws then tightened and the changes of dimensions
read as they progress..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
1. In a testing machine the compound gearing having an additional idle wheel 16
in combination with the train of gearing consisting of the wheel 14 pinion 15
wheel 17 pinion 19 and wheel 21 arranged to transmit motion alternately as and
for the purpose set forth.
2. In the heads of a testing machine for holding specimens the gripping jaws 49
in combination with the blocks 51 slide 53 bolt 56 lever 57 and counterweight 59
as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The plungers 61 fitted through the blocks 51 and arranged to bear directly on
the inclined surface of the jaws 49 in combination with the screws 62 fitted in nuts.
formed in the head 5 and arranged to operate substantially as set forth.
4. The jaws 49 in combination with the plungers 61 and screws 62 and 63 a3 and
for the purpose set forth.
5. The clamp. 64 having screws 65 adapted to impinge upon specimens and.

page_text: provided with tenons 67 in combination with the removable cap plate 66. for.
facilitating the introduction of specimens and bracing the clamps against the thrust
of the screw 65 substantially as set forth.
.. i
6. The clamp 64 having the side plate 66 and screws 65 in combination with the
screws 69 nuts 70 and washer 71 constructed and arranged substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
7. The clamp 64 having screws 65 in combination with the guiding block 72
screw 69 nuts 70 side plate 66 and tenons 67 as and for the purpose set forth.
8. The blocks 75 fitted adjustably as to distance on the slide 76 and provided
with seats adapted to fit the clamp 64 in combination with the eccentrically
journalled prism 78 angularly adjustable in bearings in the blocks 75 and a
mechanism to hold said prisms in angular adjustment for the purpose of facilitating
the central application of the clamp upon series of specimens at uniform distances
for testing substantially as set forth.
9. The, bars 87 and 88 in combination with clamps 86 fitted thereon having
caliper arms 84 and 85 pivotally attached thereto and balanced upon curved lever
arms 91 and 92 resting upou an intermediate fulcrum 89 supported by the clamp 86
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a testing. and automatic recording machine the combination of the
cylinder 102 the calipers 82 and 83 and connected lever 97 proportioned and
arranged as described for limiting the transmitted motion to the difference of the
motion of the calipers as controlled by the clamps 64 on the specimen substantially
as set forth...
11. In a testing machine the pulley 99 in vertical plane with the axis of..the
balancing pivot in combination with the drum or winding barrel 100 and cord 95
connected with and operated by the calipers 82 and 83 substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
12. In a testing machine the combination of the caliper 82 sliding bar 87 lever 88
cord 95 pulley 96 pulley 99 drum or winding barrel 100 lever 97 link 101 lever 88
and calipers 83 for measuring and transmitting the motion proportioned to the
changes of space between the two calipers to the recording cylinder substantially as
set forth..
13. In combination the beam 118 provided with the pivotally suspended poise 107
the poise 106 and poise carriage 108 bearing a pivotally suspended poise 109
constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
14. In a testing machine having a poise automatically moved on the beam the
combination of the friction wheels 120 and 132 with the adjustable wheels 121
and 122 and a connected power transmitting gear to vary the rate of motion of the
poise substantially as set forth.
15. The convex faced wheels 121 and 132 supported by balls 123 and 124 resting
and turning upon smaller balls 125 combined therewith and arranged to roll in
grooves 126 in the lever arms 127 substantially as set forth and shown.
16. In a testing machine the electrodes 134 and 135 and a connected alarm
circuit in combination with the beam 118 arranged to operate with the abnormally
longer oscillations of the beam 118 and to remain inoperative with the normal
oscillations thereof substantially as set forth and shown..
17. In combination with the beam 118 constructed and arranged to oscillate and
balance upon the fulcrum 111 and supporting a sheet holding diagram cylinder the
calipers 82 and 83 arranged to rest upon and move with the specimen under test
the lever 97 connected therewith and with the cord 95 guided by the pulley 99
located in the same vertical and horizontal planes as the fulcrum 111 of the
beam 118 for the purpose of transmitting motion from the calipers to the diagram
sheet holding cylinder without affecting the equilibrium of the beam substantially
as set forth.
18. In an automatic testing machine the calipers 82 and 83 arranged to rest upon
and participate in the motion of two portions of the specimen under test in combi-
nation with the lever 97 having each of its opposite ends .connected with. one.of

page_text: the calipers for the purpose of transmitting indications of differences between the
motions of two calipers and eliminating coincident motion of both calipers from
such indications substantially as set forth.
19. In an automatic combined testing and recording machine embracing a
weighing mechanism and a diagram holding cylinder the calipers 82 and 83 adapted
to rest upon and participate in the motions of two portions of the specimen under
test and the lever 97 connected at its opposite ends with each of said calipers in
combination with the cord 95 operated by the lever 97 and connected with a diagram
holding cylinder and a pencil moved and guided in parallel direction with the axis
thereof by a connected weighing mechanism for the purpose of graphically
recording combined indications of stress and motion between the parts of the
specimen substantially as set forth.
20. In a combined testing and automatic indicating and recording machine the
combination of the caliper arms 82 and 83 adapted to rest upon and participate in
the motions of two portions of the specimen under test and connected with a diagram
holding cylinder as shown by the lever 97 for eliminating the motion of the entire
specimen and transmitting only the differences of motion between the calipers with
the recording cylinder and a pencil connected with the poise or weight on the
weighing beam 118 combined with and controlled by the contact of electrodes
operated by the oscillations of the beam 118 substantially as set forth.
Dated this 27th day of January 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.