IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hanson, in the employment of the Firm of
Sir Titus Salt, Bart., Sons, and Company, Limited, of Saltaire, near Bradford,
in the County of York. Spinners and Manufacturers, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILE FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hanson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1881.
WILLIAM HANSON, in the employment of the Firm of Sir Titus Salt, Bart., Sons,
and Company, Limited, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Spinners
and Manufacturers. " IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT
PILE FABRICS."
The improvements have reference to that class of cut pile fabrics in which two
pieces of the pile fabric are woven together face to face in one operation, such pieces
being united in the manufacture by the pile, and the pile being cut to form the
two fabrics by a suitable knife or knives.
On the axis of the pile warp beam is applied a toothed wheel, the teeth of which
are taken into by a worm, on the shaft of which is also applied a ratchet wheel
and a ratchet lever with a driver, as is also a pulley to receive a weighted friction
bolt.
On the crank or other suitable shaft is applied an eccentric adapted to operate
on one end or part of a lever supported on a suitable fulcrum. This lever is
connected at its other end by a suitable connecting rod to the ratchet lever to
regulate the letting off of the pile warp.
The pile warp passes from this pile warp beam over two fixed rods extending
across the loom. Between these two fixed rods and resting on the pile warp
hangs another, a middle rod, on the weight or pressure exerted by which
depends the length of the pile for the time produced. The vertical position of this
middle rod determines the amount of pile warp to be let off the pile warp beam in
the following manner:-
To each end of this middle rod is applied a small pinion, the teeth of which

page_text: work into the teeth of racks at each side of the loom so that the rod is maintained
in a position parallel with the two fixed rods. This middle rod is also connected
to one end of a band or cord passing over a pulley and connected at the other end
to the outer end of the lever operated by the eccentric motion.
By these means it will be seen that when the middle rod is raised by the warp
the lever will be brought into contact with the eccentric on the crank or other
suitable shaft, and thus by operating the catches let in more warp; and when this
middle rod is lowered to a certain point the lever will be drawn away from the
eccentric.
By regulating the speed of the ratchet wheel shaft these two motions of this
middle rod may balance each other and then the middle rod will remain stationary
or nearly so, to let in the required amount of pile warp in a uniform inanner.
The weight of the middle rod which determines the length of the pile may
be increased or diminished by dead weights hung on that rod at each end, or by
levers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hanson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th April
1882.
WILLIAM HANSON, in the employment of the Firm of Sir Titus Salt, Bart., Sons,
and Company, Limited, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Spinners
and Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CUT
PILE FABRICS."
These improvements relate to means for regulating the letting in of the pile
warp and the tension upon that warp in looms for the manufacture of cut pile
fabric in which the two pieces of fabric are woven face to face at one operation,
such pieces being connected together in the manufacture by means of the pile
threads, upon severing which, as is well understood by persons acquainted with
such mauufacture, two separate and distinct pieces of pile fabric are produced.
The pile warp beam has motion given to it by means of ratchet wheel, speed
wheels, and worm and wheel, and the relative speed of motion of this beam is
controlled by the length of pile warp let off and still remaining between the pile
warp beam and the healds. Upon this portion of warp is suspended a rod that as
excess of pile warp is let off the rod lowers, but as this pile warp is being used in
the operation of weaving this rod rises again and the position of the rod determines
the amount of pile warp to be let off. Weights may also be attached to this
moveable rod either direct or by means of levers or otherwise, so that the pile warp
may be held at any desired tension. This weighting of the moveable rod
determines the length of the pile threads and consequently the distance the two
pieces are woven apart.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have shewn arrangements of parts adapted

page_text: rods which extend across the loom to receive the pile warp which passes over the
rods N, N¹, and under the rod N₁₁, as shown by the dotted line Z; O is the
moveable rod which rests upon the pile warp. The ends of this rod O work in
guides P, a small wheel is also fixed at each end of this rod O to gear into toothed
racks R, by which means the rod O is maintained parallel to the rods N, N¹, N¹¹,
the wheels and toothed racks cause the moveable rod O to revolve upon its own
axis as it rises or falls. To the moveable rod O at S is also attached a cord S¹
which passes over the pulley T and at its other end is fixed to the stud U carried
by the lever H, so that as the moveable rod O rises it will let down that end of
the lever H to which it is attached by the cord S¹. The other end of the lever H
will then be brought into contact with the operating surface of the eccentric K on
the crank shaft and so let in a further supply of the pile warp. This operation
will be continued until the moveable rod O is lowered by the excess of pile warp
which is being let in when the outer end of the lever H will again be withdrawn
from the eccentric K, and so on. The moveable rod O may be made of such weight
that it will give the requisite tension to the pile warp threads for any one length
of pile, but I prefer to make it rather lighter than required, and to add a series of
weights to it, as shewn at V, which act upon the moveable bar through the spindle W
and clasp X. At the lower end of the clasp X provision is made at X¹ for hanging
an additional weight or for connection of levers and weights.
Having thus described my Invention and means which I adopt in carrying the
same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details as shown and described, as these may be varied without departing
from the peculiar character of my improvements, but what I do claim is the
arranging or combining parts of looms for the manufacture of cut pile fabrics, that
the letting in of the pile warp and the tension upon it may be adjusted in manner
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hanson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.