CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING OR ROUGHING WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
PAPPS, of Stanley End, in the Parish of Kings Stanley, in the County of
Gloucester, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of December, in the first year of Ilis
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Daniel Papps, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Daniel Papps, my exors, adûiors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Daniel Papps, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, ny Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
DRESSING OR ROUGHING WOOLLEN CLOTH;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Daniel Papps, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Daniel Papps, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say) :-
In Drawing No. 1, Fig. 1 is a side view or elevation of a machine for
roughing or dressing woollen cloth, and Fig. 2 is a plan of the machine; in
both of which Figures the same letters of reference indicate the similar parts.
A, A, &c., the main frame of the machine, here shewn as made of cast iron,
but which may also be made of wood, if thought preferable. Figure 3 is a cast-
iron brace, one of which extends across each end of the frame; B is the usual
barrel to be clothed with hands of teazles, but only one, C, is shewn; D is the
band wheel, to which motion is communicated by means of a band or strap
proceeding from a druni actuated by the motive power of the machinery; E is
another band wheel turning loose upon the axis of the teazle barrel, in order
to throw off the band from the band wheel D upon it, to stop the motion of the
machine when necessary; F is a toothed mitre pinion affixed upon the end of
the axis of the teazle barrel, and which works into another mitre pinion G,
mounted upon one end of a horizontal shaft or axis II, the necks or pivots of
which turn in bearings affixed to the machine frame; another mitre pinion I
is mounted upon the other end of the axis H, which acts in the mitre pinion J,
affixed upon the upright shaft or axis K, the pivots of which turn in proper
bearings affixed to one end of the secondary frame L, L, &c., which is
mounted upon
the machine frame A, A; upon the top of the upright shaft K
a double grooved band wheel M is affixed from the lowermost groove, in
which a band passes to another double grooved band wheel N, and another
band passes to the single grooved band wheel O from the uppermost groove in
the band wheel M. The band wheels N and O are mounted
upon the upper
ends of two upright shafts P and Q, Fig. 1, whose necks or pivots turn in
bearings affixed on each side of the secondary frame L, L; and from the
uppermost groove in the double band wheel N a crossed band passes around
another band wheel R, Fig. 2, which is mounted upon an upright shaft
similar to that last described; and another crossed band likewise passes from
the band wheel O around another band wheel S, mounted upon the upper end of
another upright shaft; near the middle of each of the upright shafts upon
which the band wheels N, O, R, S, are affixed barrels or drums are mounted,
similar to that shewn on a larger scale in Fig. 4 of Drawing No. 2, and
having rins above and below, as there shewn. Four other similar barrels or

page_text: drums V, V, V, V, are likewise mounted in the middle of four other upright
shafts, thus constituting four pairs of barrels, around each of which pairs
of barrels four endless bands, of a construction to be hereafter described, are
made to revolve; each of these endless bands have affixed upon their out-ides
six upright metal bars, six of which are shewn at T, T, T, T, T, T, in Fig. 1, and
four of them are shewn on a larger scale in Fig. 5. The lower ends of theso
bars are branched or forked, and have affixed to them flat wooden blocks
U, U, &c., each fitted to contain a hand of teazles of the usual construction
for dressing or roughing woollen cloth; the barrels around which the endless
bands pass are marked V, V, &c., in the different Figures. The endless bands
W, W, &c. are composed of separate wooden blocks, hinged together abovo
and below by jointed bands of metal X, X, as shewn in Figs. 6 and 7, which
are let into the inside surfaces of the blocks, and secured thereto by rivets or
otherwise. The upright bars T, T, &c. are affixed upon the external surfaces
of several of these blocks by screwed pins and nuts, which are also passed
through the metal bands. The wooden blocks, U, U, &c. have a cavity Y
formed along the under side of each, as shown in Fig. 6, for the hand of teazles
to lodge in; Z in that Figure shews the band of teazles. They are held in their
place in the block U in a similar manner to that employed in the usual mode
of securing them around the teazle barrel, one end of the stock a being passed
through a hole made through the side of the block U, the under side of which
hole is covered by a metal plate b, as shown in Fig. 8, and its other end having
a hole through it at c to receive the end of a spring d, which is aflixed
upon the upper faco of the block U, as shown in Figs. 6 and 9. Fig. 10
is an enlarged under view of a hand of teazles; Fig. 11 a side view, and
Fig. 12 an end view thereof; Fig. 13 is an under view of one set of six blocks
U, U, U, U, U, U, two barrels V, V, and the endless band W, W, one of tho
blocks having a hand of teazles Z affixed in it. The cloth to be teazled c, c, &c.,
being wetted as usual, is taken up at f, passed around the roller g, and under
the other roller h, next under the roller i, and then exposed to the action of
the teazles mounted all over the surface of the barrel B in the usual manner;
it is then passed over the roller j and over the surface of an elastic bed k, k, where
it is again teazled by means of the hands of teazles mounted underneath the
blocks U, U, &c. This clastic bed only extends wide enough to expose the cloth
to the action of the teazles contained in one-half of each endless band, so that
they work on the cloth from the centre of it towards the lists, as shown by the
arrows. The cloth then passes over the roller 7, and between it and the under
roller m, the pressure of the roller / upon the roller m drawing it forwards; it then

page_text: P
falls in folds upon the endless web or cloth n, n, &c., which carries it along
ready to be again exposed to be repeated action of the teazles. The elastic
hed k, k, is composed of bristles mounted in a wooden bed o, o, as shewn
separately on a larger scale in Figs. 14 and 15. This elastic bed is made
to rise and fall by being mounted upon two wooden rollers p, p, Fig. 15,
having two collars q, q, upon cach, which lodge in grooves 7, 7, &c., and shewn
by dotted lines in Figure 15, made on the under side of the wooden bed o, o,
to receive them, as shewn in Fig. 14. Fig. 16 shews the roller p separately,
and Fig. 17 the same mounted in a frame or carriage s, s, s, with necks
or pivots turning in bearings t, t, Fig. 15, affixed to the frame A, A, of the
machine on each side. In the centre of each frame s, s, an arm or lever u is
affixed at right angles to the sides of the frames, and which levers are con-
nected by a bar v jointed to them, as shown in Fig. 15, and which said bar, on-
being pulled, elevates the elastic bed accordingly. But in order to prevent the
bed from being carried sideways in raising or lowering it, another bar wis
jointed to the middle of it, which is also jointed at its other end to the side A,
of the machine frame; Fig. 18 shews this end of the bar w, with its joint.
In order to keep up the elastic bed with a sufficient force, a bent lever æ,
shewn separately in Fig. 19, turning upon a pin or stud affixed to the side of
the machine frame A at y, Figs. 1 and 2, and having its arm notched along
it to sustain the weight 1 at different distances from its centre of motion as
required, its other arm being jointed to a rod 2, from whence a chain 3 passes
around a horizontal pulley 4, Figs. 2 and 15, which turns upon an upright
pin or stud affixed at 5 to the side of the machine frame, and which chain 3
is linked to the end of the bar v, as shewn in Fig. 15, which acts upon the
arms u, u, affixed to the carriages of the elastic bed, as before mentioned.
The endless web n, n, &c. and the under roller m, are moved by the following
contrivance To the inner end of the shaft or axis HI, Figs. 1 and 2, a Hooks
universal joint 6, Fig. 1, is affixed, to which also another shaft or axis 7,
Figs. 1 and 2, is connected, the neck or pivot of which turns in a bearing
affixed to the machine frame. Upon the other end of the axis 7 a bevel
toothed pinion 8 is affixed, which works into a toothed bevel wheel 9. Mounted
upon the end of the roller m, upon the same axis of the roller m a mitre
pinion 10 is likewise mounted, which acts in another mitre pinion 11, affixed
upon the top of an upright shaft 12, Fig. 1, the necks of which turn in
bearings affixed to the machine frame. An endless screw 13 is mounted upon
the lower end of the upright shaft 12, which works into an endless screw
wheel 14, Figs. 1 and 2, which is affixed upon the axis of one of the rollers

page_text: around which the endless web revolves, and thus afford it and the roller ma
continual progressive motion during the working of the machine. The woollen
cloth shewn in the machine is supposed to be one containing two ends or pieces
woven together, but in case of one containing only a single end or piece being
to be teazled, an alteration is necessary to be made in the wheelwork in order
to carry forwards the cloth and the endless web with more rapidity. In this
case then the endless screw wheel 14 must be exchanged for one of only half
its diameter. In order to afford a strain or degree of tightness to the
cloth e, e, &c. during the action of the teazles on the barrel B upon it, the
rollers 9 and h are held immoveable in the following manner:-1
-Upon one end
of the roller ha metal wheel 15, Fig. 1, is mounted, which has gaps or
notches all around it; this wheel is shewn separately on an enlarged scale in
Fig. 20 of Drawing No. 2; and into these gaps a catch 16, which is jointed
to the machine frame A, as shown in Fig. 1, can be let fall when necessary to
retain it fast. The roller g, Figs. 1 and 2, is immoveably fixed at each end
to iron plates 17, 17, as shewn in Fig. 2, and one of them in Fig. 1, and on a
larger scale in Fig. 20, which are mounted upon squared parts formed at the
outer ends of the necks or pivots upon which the roller h turns, and the
roller g can thus be held in any required position with respect to the roller h,
according to the gap in the wheel 15 into which the catch 16 is let fall.
Having thus described the several parts of which this machine is composed,
and their uses, I hereby declare that, although I have described its action upon
the woollen cloth to be effected by means of teazles, yet I do not mean or
intend hereby to limit myself to the employment of teazles only, but to avail
myself of the use of brushes or wires also, and either separately or in com-
bination with teazles, as may be required. I do not, however, claim their
application when used upon the barrel, but only when applied under my
horizontal blocks actuated by means of jointed endless bands, in the manner
herein shewn and described.
I likewise claim as my Invention the manner of constructing and actuating
the said jointed endless bands, and also the power of employing more or fewer
horizontal blocks in each set of jointed endless bands, and likewise the employ-
ment of a single set only, or more, as may be thought desirable.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Papps, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
DANIEL (L.S.) PAPPS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1831, the aforesaid Daniel Papps came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.