IMPROVEMENTS In Apparatus EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE BOTTLES, PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Murray and Spencer
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Murray, of Portobello, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, and Spencer Crighton, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS
In Apparatus EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE BOTTLES,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Murray and
Spencer Crighton" at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th September 1875.
We, Tпoчas Murray, of Portobello, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, and SPENCER CRIGHTON, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE
BOTTLES, AND OF OTHER EARTHENWARE, POTTERYWARE, AND PORCELAIN ARTICLES,”
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of earthenware bottles and

page_text: articles, which are or may be wholly or partially formed or shaped upon
a revolving table or wheel.
up
In the manufacture of such articles the mass of clay is placed on a
wheel, which is caused to revolve, and as the mass is worked
into
the required shape a tool or tools is or are sometimes applied to the outer
surface to impart the required shape thereto.
Our Invention consists, in the first place, in causing a tool or shaper,
or two or more tools or shapers, to revolve around the same axis of
rotation as the throwing wheel, and preferably in a direction contrary to
that of the said throwing wheel.
Our Invention, in the second place, relates to a former Invention, for
which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh
day of October, in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four, and numbered 3422, have been granted to us. In the said former
Invention articles were shaped by means of a rod acting internally upon
the mass of clay, and of a profile or profiles acting externally thereon.
We now cause the profile or profiles to revolve around the axis of the
throwing wheel.
In one arrangement two profiles are fitted to a short hollow shaft or
axle, which is mounted in a bearing, and through which the said
rod passes, the profiles being fitted to slide towards and from the axis of
revolution. When the formation of the article is completed the two
profiles are caused to move further apart, and are brought to rest in such
a position as will admit of the article being moved away at the next
movement of the rotating table.
According to a further part of our Invention we cause the aforesaid
rod to slide in a swivelling block, which constitutes a stationary fulcrum
for the rod instead of the sliding fulcrum employed in our former
Invention.
We prefer to situate the said fulcrum near to the mouth or top of the
finished articles, especially when forming bottles and narrow mouthed
articles.
When employing the aforesaid revolving profiles we may arrange the
said fulcrum within the aforesaid hollow axle. The part which raises
and lowers the said rod is formed or arranged to permit the other
requisite movements of the rod to be effected.
1

page_text: A remaining part of our Invention consists in the employment of
shapers, which are turned to such forms as will impart the required
outside forms to the articles, and are arranged to revolve and to be
driven by contact with the articles being formed or to receive revolving
motions independantly of such contact and of shapers, which are
arranged to swivel or to rock upon axes at right angles to the axes of
the throwing wheels, so as to operate with different parts of the shapers
in succession.
We may employ the revolving and the rocking shapers when carrying
the first and second portions of our Invention into effect, the axes of the
shapers being caused to revolve around the axes of revolution of the
throwing wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Murray and Spencer Crighton in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
MURRAY, of Portobello, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
and SPENCER CRIGHTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the fortieth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Murray and Spencer
Orighton, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Murray and
Spencer Orighton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Thomas Murray and Spencer Crighton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ircland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE
BOTTLES, AND OF OTHER EARTHENWARE, POTTERYWARE, AND PORCELAIN ARTICLES,”

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that wo, the said Thomas Murray
and Spencer Crighton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and 5
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Spencer Crighton, for myself and
on behalf of the said Thomas Murray, do hereby declare the nature of 1
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say: -
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of earthenware bottles and
jars, and of other similar articles, and of earthenware and porcelain 1
articles, which are or may be wholly or partially formed or shaped upon
a revolving table or wheel.
In the manufacture of such articles the mass of clay is placed on a
wheel, which is caused to revolve, and as the mass is worked up into the
required shape a tool or tools is or are sometimes applied to the surface 2
to impart the required shape thereto.
Our Invention consists, in the first place, in causing a tool or shaper,
or two or more tools or shapers, to revolve around the same axis of
rotation as the throwing wheel, and preferably in a direction contrary to
that of the said throwing wheel.
2
Our Invention, in the second place, relates to a former Invention, for
which Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh
day of October, in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four, and numbered 3422, have been granted to us. In the said former
Invention articles were shaped by means of a rod acting internally upon g
the mass of clay, and of a profile or profiles acting externally thereon.
We now cause the profile or profiles to revolve around the axis of
the throwing wheel.
According to a third part of our Invention we cause the aforesaid
rod to slide in a swivelling block or sleeve, which constitutes a stationary 3
fulcrum for the rod instead of the sliding fulcrum employed in our
former Invention.

page_text: We prefer to situate the said fulcrum near to the mouth or top of the
finished article, especially when forming bottles and narrow mouthed
articles.
The part which raises and lowers the said rod is formed or arranged
to permit the other requisite movements of the rod to be effected.
A remaining part of our Invention consists in the employment of
shapers, which are turned to such forms as will impart the required
outside forms to the articles, and are arranged to revolve and to be
driven by contact with the articles being formed, or to receive revolving
motions independantly of such contact and of shapers, which are
arranged to swivel or to rock upon axes at right angles to the axes of
the throwing wheels so as to operate with different parts of the shapers
in succession.
We may employ the revolving and rocking shapers when carrying
the first and second parts of our Invention into effect, the axes of the
shapers being caused to revolve around the axes of revolution of the
throwing wheels.
And in order that the Invention may be fully understood we have
appended hereunto a Sheet of Drawings made about one-third of the
full size, and marked with letters of reference.
Referring in this place to the said Drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates the first
and second parts of our Invention. In the said Fig. a represents one of
the wheels in the machine to which our former Invention related as
aforesaid, and is the aforesaid rod. A. bracket c is fixed to the
standard of the machine, and is bored out to receive a hollow spindle d,
on which is formed or fixed a strap pulley e, by means of which the said
spindle is caused to revolve in a direction contrary to that of the wheel a.
The axis of revolution of this spindle must be in the same line as that
of the said wheel a. Two shapers ƒ, ƒ³, are hinged at 7 to the lower
part of the said spindle; these shapers are made of a shape suitable to
impart the required outward form to the article to be made, and may be
lined with lignum vitæ or other suitable material, or may be unlined as
preferred. An arm projects from the upper end of each shaper or is
fixed on the same shaft or spindle as the upper end of the shaper, and
on each arm is fixed or formed a weight, the weight / being attached to
the shaper and the weight to the shaper f. When the spindle dis
at rest these weights by sinking move the shapers outwards from the
central axis of the spindle d and wheel a, and on the contrary when thẻ

page_text: said spindle is caused to revolve at a suitable speed the centrifugal force
causes the said weights to rise, the said shapers being thereby moved
towards the mass of clay on the wheel.
The action of the arrangement is somewhat as follows:-A mass of
clay having been fixed on the wheel and the parts set in motion the
rod 6 descends into the clay and moves outwards as described in the
Specification of our said former Invention, and the shapers revolving
around and in contact with the clay act in concert with the internal rod
to work the clay into tho required form. The said revolving shapers
may vary in number and form, and be variously arranged to suit the
circumstances of each case and may be employed otherwise than in
connection with our said former Invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates a modification in the form and arrangement of the
revolving shapers. In this example the spindle & represented in section
is or may be arranged as in the case of Fig. 1. To the said spindle is:
attached an arm i on which is mounted a frame j, which is provided
with small wheels or rollers, or is otherwise formed and arranged to be
capable of moving or sliding up and down the said arm. A roller k
made of hard wood or other suitable material is fitted to revolve in the
said frame, and a wheel is mounted on a stud fixed to the outer end of
the frame. A circular or annular plate or rail m is fixed to a slide or is
otherwise arranged to be moved up and down as the shaping of the
article proceeds, and the wheel runs on the said rail and thereby
sustains the frame j. The form of the arm i is made suitable to the
required shape of the article to be produced, so that the roller shall
move towards or from the axis of revolution of the wheel a as it rises.
In the example the said arm is supposed to be adapted to be used in the
moulding of bottles, but for some purposes the said arm would be
straight. When in operation the arm i revolves around the mass of clay
on the wheel a, (indicated by n,) and the roller & revolves on its axis with
its periphery in contact with the clay and imparts the outward form to
the article. As the formation proceeds the rail m is raised, whereby the
roller is moved upwards, and being guided by the arm i shapes the
outside of the article, the rod 6 or any appliance adopted in lieu thereof
acting in concert with the said roller to shape the interior.
one roller may be used if considered to be desirable.
More than
The third part of our Invention is also illustrated in Fig. 2. The rod b
is fitted to slide in a sleeve o which is formed with gudgeons which aro

page_text: seated in bearings formed in the end of the hollow spindle d. This
arrangement permits the rod to swivel in order that the lower end
thereof may be moved to and fro to impart the required form to the
interior of the article being moulded.
Revolving shapers may be employed to impart form to the interiors of
the articles, and be arranged to act in concert with outer revolving
shapers or with any suitable appliances for imparting form to tho
exteriors of the articles.
Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement wherein an inner revolving shaper
is employed. In' this example the shaper p is jointed to the lower end
of a shaft or spindle q which is arranged to revolve in the same axial
line as the throwing wheel. The shaper p is formed with an arm ↑
which is connected with a sleeves which is fitted to slide on and to-
revolve with the shaft q, and is slid up and down as required by means
of a cam or other suitable appliance. The shaft q is caused to revolve
in a direction contrary to that of the throwing wheel, and the end of tho
• shaper is moved outwards by sliding the sleeve & downwards on the
shaft, a contrary movement of the said sleeve moving the end of the
shaper inwards. As the formation of the article proceeds the shaft
) carrying the shaper is raised to the required extent.
.
When employing inner revolving shapers in concert with outer
revolving shapers we cause them to revolve in unison so as to keep the
inner shapers always opposed or thereabouts to the outer shapers. The
form of the inner revolving shapers and the method of actuating them
5 and of governing their action may be varied.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 illustrate the last part of our Invention. In Fig. 4
a roller & revolving on an inclined axis and shaped to impart the outer
form to an earthenware bottle is represented. In this example the said
roller is driven by contact with the revolving mass of clay. The form
) of the roller would vary with the form of the article to be moulded, and
in some cases the axis of the roller would be vertical. The roller may
bo divided into two or more parts or lengths, revolving on one axis or on
two or more separate axes, so that one roller will shape one part of the
article and another roller another part; or two or more rollers, each
3 extending the whole length or height of the article may be used. The
axis or axes of the said roller or rollers may be arranged to revolve
around the axis of the throwing wheel, as in the case of the shapers d.
⋅

page_text: ย
In some cases, or if preferred, the roller or rollers may be driven by a
positive motion. Fig. 5 illustrates means whereby this may be effected,
and represents a jam pot in course of formation. The spindle 1 of the
throwing wheel is provided with a friction wheel which imparts motion
to a friction wheel or pinion w which is fixed or formed on the axis of
the roller t, which is formed to shape the outside of the article, and is
mounted in a frame a. It is preferred that the diameters of the wheels
and w should have the same relative proportions as the diameters of the
article being moulded, and of the roller t, so that the latter shall roll
upon the article with a minimum of friction.
Fig. 6 illustrates the action of the rolling profiles. In this example
the profile y is mounted at upon a stud which is fixed to a slide or
is otherwise arranged to be moved in a straight line. At the commence-
ment of the moulding operation the profile would be in the position
represented by the full lines, and as the operation proceeded the stud
would be moved upwards until the profile would be in the position
indicated by the dotted lines. This arrangement may be varied so long
as the rolling action of the profile is obtained.
Having now set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention,
and means whereby the same may be carried into effect, we would in
conclusion have it to be understood that we claim,—
First. The employment in the manufacture of such articles, as hercin-
before indicated, of shapers or formers revolving around the axes of the
throwing wheels to impart the required form or to aid in imparting form
to the articles being moulded.
Secondly. The employment of the said revolving shapers or formers in
concert with an inner shaping rod, substantially as heroin-before set
forth and indicated.
Thirdly. The arrangement for permitting the rod d to slide and swivel,
substantially as set forth and indicated herein-before, and in Fig. 2 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The employment of rollers, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth and indicated herein-before, and by Figs. 4 and 5 of
the accompanying Drawings.
tho
Fifthly. The employment of rolling profiles, substantially as and for
purpose set forth and indicated herein-before and by Fig. 6 in the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: And, Lastly. The arrangements substantially as and for the purpose
set forth and indicated herein-before and in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Spencer Crighton, for myself and
on behalf of the said Thomas Murray, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Signed and sealed by the
said Spencer Orighton,
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princess Strect,
Manchester.
SPENCER ORIGHTON. (L.s.)