CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, BALLING, AND WINDING WARPS OR YARNS,
Year: 1850

page_text: We, JOHN
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS BHAI
TAYLER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Designer,
and RICHARD HURST, of Rochdale, in the same County, Cotton Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, in the
thirteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Tayler and Richard Hurst, our exors,
adfors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said John Tayler and Richard Hurst, our exors,
admors, and assigns, and every of us, or such others as we, the said John
Tayler and Richard Hurst, our exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no other, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, called England, Her Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING, BALLING, AND WINDING WARPS OR YARNS," and that we, the said
John Tayler and Richard Hurst, our exors, admors, and assigns, should and
lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage
from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said

page_text: Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso or condition that we, the said John
Tayler and Richard Hurst, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Tayler and Richard Hurst, do hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried
into effect, are particularly described and ascertained in and by these Presents,
reference being had unto the three Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, in
which Drawings it is to be understood that the same figures or letters of
reference denote the same parts in each of the Figures or representations
relating to the same subject or part of our Invention, that is to say:-
The first part of our Invention consists in the application to the power loom
of certain mechanism which sustains the reed firmly in its place during that
portion of the revolution of the crank wherein the beating up the pick and
the transit of the shuttle are to be performed, but leaves it at liberty to recede
or fall back on the application of pressure against its anterior surface arising
from any obstacle present in the angle of the shed during the period when the
crank is passing through the highest part of its orbit at which time the shuttle
ought to have completed its traverse. This object we accomplish by availing
ourselves of the successive changes of position imparted to the crank arms or
slay arms by the motion of the crank, or of the similar changes of position
imparted to levers or rods by the motion of eccentric cams or tappets fixed on
the crank shaft to communicate an alternate upward and downward move-
ment to a bar extending across the reed gate behind the bottom of the reed,
and which, when elevated, closes the back of the reed case, but when
depressed leaves it open for the reed to fall back on encountering any undue
pressure in front; or, secondly, by causing projections from the crank arms or
other rods alternately to bear against and withdraw from the ends of a trap or
bar jointed to the back of the slay, and forming, when raised, the back of the
reed case, thereby causing the bottom of the reed to be alternately confined or
at liberty; according to the position of the crank; or, thirdly, by suspending
the slay cap on pivots in bearings attached to the slay swords, so as to make it
susceptible of a partial revolution round its axis sufficient to cause the release

page_text: of the top of the reed from the retaining groove therein, and by causing the
aforesaid projections from the crank arms or other rods to act in a manner
similar to that before mentioned upon fingers or small bars attached to the
slay cap, and extending vertically downwards, so as to retain the slay cap in its
normal position, or leave it at liberty to revolve on its pivots alternately.
The details of these arrangements will be better understood by reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 1.
Figs 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 1, are views, partly in section, partly in profile,
of the slay and crank arm of a loom to which the first above-described mode
of applying this part of our Invention has been adapted. The relative
positions of the slay and crank arm are herein shewn at four points in the
circuit of the crank. marked respectively a, b, c, and d, in Fig. 1. 1 is the
longer arm of a lever, which has for its fulcrum the projecting end of the slay
arm pin 2. Its extremity is attached to the crank arm by a bolt or set pin
through the hole 3, which is made in the form of a slot, to permit of adjust-
ment. The shorter arm 4 of the lever projects towards the slay, and enters a
cavity or recess formed therein, as shewn in section by the Drawing, and
which extends the whole length of the reed gate. One of these levers is fitted
on the inner side of each crank arm, and the extremities of their shorter arms
carry between them a bar, the section of which is shewn by the shaded part at
5. It will be seen by inspection that in the position represented at Fig. 1,
where the crank is shewn passing its top centre, the bar 5 will be depressed
by the elevation of the opposite arms of the levers along with the crank arms,
and its upper edge being thereby brought below the bottom of the reed, the
latter will be left at liberty to recede into a position like that shewn in dotted
lines in Fig. 1, so that, in case of the slay and crank arriving at the position
here shewn before the shuttle has cleared the shed, the danger of injury to the
warp will be obviated by the yielding of the reed to the pressure exerted upon
it by the warp threads through the medium of the shuttle. As the crank
advances towards the front centre (b, Figure 1,) the lever I assumes the
position shewn in Fig. 2, its longer arm I being depressed along with the
crank arm, and its shorter arm 4 correspondingly elevated. This elevation
raises the bar 5 so as to close the reed case behind, and sustain the reed while
beating up the weft, and continues during the progress of the crank through
the positions c and d (Fig. 1). as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4, until the crank,
again approaching the top centre, the several parts revert to the positions
shewn in Fig. 1. In order to steady the reed when the bar 5 is withdrawn,
as well as to provide that its derangement or displacement while working shall
cause the immediate stoppage of the loom, the following apparatus is used:-

page_text: The part of the slay bottom immediately in front of the reed is perforated in
two or more places, and the apertures enlarged towards the front to admit
small grooved pulleys or wharves. One of these perforations is shewn in
section at 6, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and in front at 6, Fig. 5 (Sheet 1), as well
as the grooved pulley 7. At the driving end of the loom, and opposite the
spring handle, a lever 8 is pivoted on a stud or pin in front of the slay bottom.
One of its arms has attached to it the small cords 9, which pass round the
pulleys 7, and, being carried through the holes 6, are made fast to the bottom
of the reed. The other end of the lever 8 carries a pin or stud 10, which
projects forward towards the spring handle. The lever 8 is retained by the
spring 11, Fig. 5, in such a position that the stud or pin 10 passes clear of the
spring handle when the slay is advanced to the front limit of its range until
the reed, being pressed back, draws the lever 8, by means of the cords 9, into
the position shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 5, bringing the stud or pin 10
immediately opposite the spring handle, and causing it to strike the same out
of its detent when the slay beats up. Should the spring 11 be insufficient to
enable the reed to overcome the friction of the warp, slight auxiliary springs
may be applied behind it for that purpose.
The second mode of applying the before-mentioned reciprocating motion to
the purpose of alternately confining and releasing the reed, is exemplified in
Fig. 6 (Sheet 1). In this case the bar 5, instead of being fixed to and
partaking of the motion of the lever arms 4, is hinged or jointed to the back
of the slay, so as to form, when in an upright. position, the back of the reed
case. It is supported in this position by the short arms 4 of the levers, which
are presented towards its projecting ends, except when the crank is near the top
centre as before, at which time any undue pressure against the reed is allowed
to force it back into the position shewn by the dotted lines. The sectional
form of the projecting ends of the bar is shewn by the shaded part. In this
Figure is also shewn a variation in the manner of knocking off the spring
handle. 12 is an elbow or bell-crank lever, vibrating on a fulcrum behind
the slay, its vertical arm or finger bearing against the bar 5, and its horizontal
one against another finger or lever arm 13. This last is fixed on and projects
backwards from a rod 14, which works in bearings under the slay bottom, and
at the part of the same rod which is nearly opposite the spring handle another
finger 15 proceeds therefrom in a direction towards the front. The last finger
15 is kept down by a spring, in the same manner as the finger of an ordinary
stop rod, and when in this position passes clear of a stud or projection on the
side of the spring handle. But, upon the reed forcing back the bar 5, the
cranked lever 12 is turned partially round its fulcrum, and its horizontal
•

page_text: arm, depressing the finger 13, causes the opposite finger 15 to rise into a
position which brings it into contact with the projection from the spring handle
as the slay beats up and causes it to strike the same out of its detent.
.
Our third application of the previously described motion is shewn in Fig. 7
(Sheet 1). The slay cap 16 is free to revolve on pivots, whereby it is sus-
pended in bearings secured, to the upper extremities. of the slay swords.. On.
the recd being pressed back a partial revolution of the slay cap takes place,
whereby the reed is disengaged from the groove formed therein to receive it..
Near each end of the slay cap is attached to it, a dependent finger 17, which passes
downwards, and presents its lower extremity to the end of the short arm of the
lever 4. The length of this finger is such, that when the lever arm 4 is in its.
lowest position it is clear of the finger, and consequently the slay cap is at
liberty to turn round and set free the reed, but as the lever arm rises it.
It is
confines the finger, and through it the slay cap in its working position.
evident that the movement of the slay arm. upon which these improvements
are founded, is capable of many other varieties of application to effect the same
or a similar purpose, and also that the same.or an equivalent motion may be
derived from cams or eccentrics fixed on the crank shaft and actuating levers
or connecting rods substituted for the foregoing; but as the above examples
sufficiently illustrate the essential character of this part of our Invention, we
shall not attempt to pursue the subject through all its ramifications, but
proceed to describe the second part of our Invention, which consists in apply-
ing the motion of the crank arm, or of the equivalent levers and cams above
mentioned to regulate the action of the stop rod in looms, which are con-
structed with fast reeds, so as to relieve the shuttle from the pressure of the
stop rod spring during the pick, and render the working of the stop rod itself
more equable and uniform. The arrangement is shewn in Fig. 8, Sheet 1.
1 is the stop rod, 2 its horizontal, and 3 its vertical finger. The swell 4 is of
the usual form, but is acted upon by a spring 5, just sufficient to exert a
slight pressure on the shuttle when in the box. Against this spring the
vertical arm 3 of the stop rod bears. 6 is another arm or finger projecting
backwards from the stop rod, and bearing upwards against a bowl or roller 7
on a stud in the crank arm, but free to move in a downward direction. The
stop finger 2 is raised so as to be clear of the frog by the action of the bowl 7
on the finger 6, except when the crank is near the top centre, at which time
it is left at liberty to fall until the vertical finger 3 rests against the spring 5,
and in case of the shuttle not being present in the box to force the spring 5
outwards, the stop finger 2 will descend so low as to become engaged with the
frog. and stop the loom.

page_text: The third part of our Invention consists in a self-acting motion for allowing
the cloth beam of looms having positive taking-up motions to recoil a few
picks, for the purpose of preventing galls or cracks in the cloth, after the
loom has been stopped by the action of the weft motion.
Figures 9 and 10, Sheet 1, represent two modifications of the contrivance
by which this is accomplished, and the same description applies to both. 1 is
the ratchet wheel; 2 is the rod through which the weft lever acts upon the
detaining catch; 3 is a finger fixed on the rod 2, alongside of the detaining
catch, and which, when raised by the motion of the rod 2, bears against and
lifts a finger 4, projecting forward from the side of the driving catch 5, so that
the motion of the rod 2, when the weft lever is drawn back, lifts both the
catches clear of the ratchet wheel. 6 is a supplementary catch, supported by
the rod or lever 7, and kept in gear with the teeth of the ratchet wheel by the
pressure of the spring 8. The lever 7 moves on its supporting stud, but is
limited in its range by bauking pins 9 and 10, which allow it an angular motion
equal to that of the number of teeth that the ratchet wheel is to be let back.
When the loom is at work the lever 7 rests against the pin 9, but on the
ordinary working catches being disengaged it is carried, by the recoil of the
ratchet wheel, backwards until it encounters the pin 10, which arrests its
further progress, and the recoil having taken place to the requisite extent,
enables it to detain the ratchet wheel until the ordinary catches are restored
to their working position.
The fourth part of our Invention consists in the application of caoutchouc
or india rubber to the backs of reeds or of the grooves containing them, or of
bars or traps bearing against them, for the purpose of obtaining elasticity
in the beat up, and of preserving the reeds from injury.
The fifth part of our Invention, relating to looms, is an arrangement for
changing the shuttles at stated periods by means of a revolving frame or barrel
having a number of shuttle boxes arranged upon its several faces, each of
which is successively brought into its working position at the proper movement
by the motion of the slay, in concert with other apparatus worked by one of
the principal shafts of the loom.
Fig. 1 (Sheet 2) is a side view of a loom furnished with this apparatus,
mounted with four shuttle boxes; Figure 2, Sheet 2, is a back view; Fig. 3,
Sheet 2, a section of the revolving frame and boxes, taken at A, Fig. 2; and
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, a sectional view at B, Fig. 2, where the revolving frame
joins the stationary part of the slay. 1 is the axis or spindle carrying the
frame 2 and shuttle boxes 3, 3, 3, 3. It works in bearings in the stationary
parts of the slay at 4, 5. 6 is an extra slay sword, connected with the ordinary

page_text: sword by the framing 8. Its upper part carries the spindle 9 and the
detached portion of the slay bottom 5. The axis of the shuttle-box frame 2 is
carried through and projects beyond the extra sword 6, for the purpose of
receiving the disc or plate 10, which is fixed on its extremity. This disc
carries a number of pins 11, 11, 11, 11, corresponding to the number of the
shuttle boxes. In its periphery are also the same number of equidistant
notches 12, 12, 12, 12. The shuttle-box frame has a square or polygonal
end 13 formed thereon, one side of which is opposite the bed of each shuttle
box, and which projects a little way into the body of the slay, a portion of
which is cut away to receive it. Its lowest side is continually pressed by the
spring 14, the use of which is to facilitate the motion of the box frame when
passing from one position to another, by its pressure against the angles of the
projecting end. The box frame is retained in its working position by the
catch 15, which takes into the notch opposite the working box, and retains its
hold until removed by the pressure against its opposite arm of the pin 16. 17
is an arm fixed on the end of the shaft 18, and moving with it. Its extremity
carries a claw 19 jointed thereon with a knuckle joint, for the purpose of
allowing it to yield if struck by one of the pins as the slay moves backwards,
but at other times kept upright by a small spring not seen in the Drawing.
The arm 17, when in its lowest position, shewn by the dotted lines, does not
interfere with the movements of the slay, but upon being raised into the
position shewn in full lines, the pin 16 presses up the tail of the catch 15, dis-
engaging it from the notch 12, and the claw 19 at the same time encounters
one of the pins 11, by detaining which, as the slay advances, it causes the box
frame partially to revolve, and present the succeeding box and its shuttle to
the action of the picker. The arm 17 is actuated and regulated in its move-
ments as follows: On the shaft 18 is keyed another arm 20, projecting back-
ward, and bearing on its extremity a friction roller or bowl 21. 22 is a plate
wheel or disc, keyed on the same shaft, and revolving with the spur wheel 23.
On the outer face of the disc is a cylindrical rim 24 projecting therefrom.
The margin of the disc outside the base of the rim is perforated by holes or
slots equidistant from the centre of the wheel and from cach other. Their
number is regulated by the number of picks over which the succession of
shuttles employed is desired to extend. The preponderance of the arm 17
causes the bowl 21 to bear against the cylindrical surface of the rim 24, both
the arms then assuming the position shewn in the dotted lines, and causing no
interference with the shuttle boxes. But a number of pins or studs 25, 25, 25, 25,
corresponding to the number of changes to be made, are fastened by screw

page_text: nuts or otherwise through some of the holes in the disc, the intervals between
them being regulated by the number of picks to be put in by each successive
shuttle. The heads of these studs or pins present wedge like edges towards the
bowl 21. The wheel 23, on the same shaft with the disc, is driven by the
pinion 26, whose concentric wheel 27 is again driven by the pinion 28 on the
tappet shaft, as represented in the Drawing, or on the crank shaft if preferred,
the wheels and pinions being adapted to the increased speed. The disc 22
being thus caused to revolve, brings the heads of the studs to bear in succession
on the bowl 21, thereby, through the intervention of the arms 20 and 17,
bringing the claw 19 and the catch 15 into operation to effect the revolution
of the shuttle boxes, as before described.
The sixth part of our Invention consists of a mode of stopping the loom
after disengaging its main shaft from the driving power by the use of a brake
in connexion with a conical clutch, so arranged, that when the spring handle
is thrown off by the action of the loom itself, it puts on the brake, but when
thrown off by the hand the brake may be applied or not, at the option of the
weaver.
Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is an elevation, and Fig. 6, Sheet 2, a plan view, of this
arrangement. 1, the crank shaft; 2, the fly-wheel rim, which is of a conical
or bevilled form; 3, the brake skid, which is applied laterally; 4, the lever or
rod which applies the brake, and which is pivoted on the stud ō; 6, the slot
in which the spring handle works, and which is made with a midfeather
dividing its lower end into two parts. The lever 4 is of such a length that its
extremity does not reach beyond the midfeather in the slot, so that when the
spring handle passes down the back division of the slot, as it will do when
released from the detent by the action of the loom, it puts on the brake by its
pressure against the end of the lever 4; but when carried by the hand beyond
the midfeather, and passed down the front division of the slot, it escapes the
end of the lever 4, and does not interfere with the brake. 7 is a clutch, the
part of which, keyed on the shaft, has a conical or bevilled rim, and the loose
part a corresponding internal bevilled surface, its external surface being cylin-
drical, and forming the driving pulley. The boss 8 of the latter has a groove
to receive the fork 9 of the lever 10, which vibrates on the same stud 5 as the
brake, the extremity of its longer arm protruding through a hole in the spring
handle. The two parts of the clutch are pressed into contact by the helical
spring 11 when the latter is not compressed by the action of the fork 9 on the
grooved collar or boss 8; but when the spring handle is released from its
detent, its resilient action, conveyed through the lever 10, withdraws the loose

page_text: box of the clutch from its contact with the fast one; and it is evident that
this will be effected before the spring handle comes in contact with the brake
lever.
The seventh part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of com-
municating motion derived from steam or water power to warping mills by the
frictional adhesion of tangent surfaces. Our method differs from those hitherto
in use in employing only parallel cylindrical surfaces and straps for applying
the driving power to the mill.
Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a side view, and Fig. 8, Sheet 2, a plan view, of this
mechanism. 1 is a shaft in connexion with the ordinary shafts of the factory.
Its neck works in a collar carried by the lever 2, after passing through an
elongated slot in the cover or bottom of the framing, which allows the shaft a
This last is
slight motion when drawn in either direction by the lever 2.
pivoted on the stud 3 as a fulcrum, and has the rod 4 attached to it, having a
socket at its other end tapped or chased with an inside screw, in which the out-
side screw 5 works. The screw 5 forms the termination of a small shaft,
which works against a fixed collar at 6, and carries at its other end the handle
7, the movement of which in either direction, acting through the screw, moves
the lever 2 through a small space, and with it the shaft 1. This latter carries
the cylindrical drum or pulley 8, the surface of which, by the motion of the
lever 2 and shaft 1, can be placed in contact with the surfaces of either of the
pulleys 9 or 10, or detached from them both; the pulleys 9 and 10 revolve on
the studs 11 and 12, and may have their surfaces covered with gutta percha, or
other similar substance, to increase their adhesiveness. They are fixed to and
carried on horizontal toothed wheels, geered into each other, as shewn in the
Drawing, or on rings or discs with cylindrical peripheries working in contact
and causing the discs and pulleys to move together in contrary directions by
their mutual friction. It will be seen that the pulley 9 may be caused to turn
in either direction by bringing the pulley 8 into immediate contact with it, or
by causing it to be operated upon by it through the intermediate pulley 10.
The pulley 9 is surmounted by a third pulley 13, fixed on and moving with it,
and which is embraced by the strap which drives the vertical shaft of the
warping mill. The advantages of this arrangement are, the gradual manner
in which the inertia of the mill may be overcome at starting, and the yielding
and elastic nature of the connection of the mill with the driving power through
the friction of the pulleys and strap, which has a tendency to neutralize the
effects of casual irregularities in speed.
The eighth part of our Invention, exhibited in Fig. 9, Sheet 2, is an arrange-
ment for the same purpose and of the same nature as the last, only differing
from it in the employment of conical instead of cylindrical surfaces as the

page_text: medium through which the motion is communicated. 1 is the shaft driven
by the prime mover, and carrying the bevil wheels 2 and 3. The bevil
wheel 4, keyed on the shaft 5, can be thrown into contact with or withdrawn
from either of them by the action of the screw 6 and handle 7. The shaft 5
carries the driving pulley 8, which is connected by a strap with the mill, as
before.
The ninth part of our Invention is a mechanical arrangement for stopping
the motion of a beaming machine or horizontal warping mill on the failure or
breakage of any of the ends or threads of yarn.
Fig. 10, Sheet 2, is a side elevation, and Fig. 11, Sheet 2, a front view, of the
machine, half of it being shewn with the roller and beam removed, to shew. the
mechanism behind. The red lines represent the yarn, each end of which is
drawn through a small eye or ring 1, Fig. 10, best seen in the enlarged view,
Fig. 12, Sheet 2, which represents this part of the arrangement. From light
cords or threads 2, 2, 2, attached to the eyes or rings 1, 1, 1, and of sufficient
length to form a pendant loop or bend, are suspended the rings 3, 3, 3, through
which the wires 4, 4, 4, are hooked, so that each wire is supported by two
threads or ends, on the failure of either of which it is permitted to drop down-
wards. A greater number of ends may be combined to support one wire by
an extended arrangement of loops. An horizontal arrangement of the rings
and eyes, and disposition of the coupling threads, is shewn in the enlarged
view, Fig. 13, Sheet 2, which we prefer, but do not consider a necessary part
of the Invention. In this Figure the red lines represent the ends, and the
blue the coupling threads. The wires 4 pass downwards through perforations
in the guide plates 5 and 6, the arrangement of which is shewn in Figure 13.
Each of the wires 4, when sustained by the yarns, keeps a bar 7, having a
catch or sneck on its lower side, elevated in the position shewn in full lines;
but on losing the support of the yarn above, it allows the bar to drop until its
extremity rests on the bar of the framing 8, and the catch is thus brought into
a position to retain the revolving frame 10, herein-after mentioned. 9 is the
rod which connects the setting-on handle with the strap guide. The frame 10,
consisting of two transverse ends and two longitudinal bars, revolves loosely on
it, being carried round by the pressure of the inclined surfaces of the revolving
clutch 11 under the influence of an helical spring at 18 working against the
collar 15. Half of the clutch 11 is fixed on the end of the frame 10, and
the corresponding half on a long boss or hollow axle 12, which revolves on the
rod 9 being driven by the wheel 13, which slides on a feather thereon, so as
to allow the hollow axle 12 to move lengthways independently of it. The wheel
13 is prevented from moving in the direction of the length of the rod 9 by a
fixed fork embracing the groove in its boss 14. The end of the hollow axle

page_text: 12 butts a collar 15 on the rod 9. The wheel 13 derives motion through the
intermediate wheel 16 from the wheel 17 on the main driving shaft. So long
as the work proceeds without accident to any of the ends, the wheel 13 causes
the hollow axle 12 and clutch 11 to impart a revolving motion to the frame
10; but on any of the levers 7 being allowed to drop, through the failure of an
end, its catch or sneck lays hold of one of the longitudinal bars of the frame
10, which, being suddenly arrested in its motion, forces, by the action of the
inclined plane on the clutch 11, the axle or boss 12 against the collar 15,
which, being fixed to the rod 9, causes that to traverse the strap guide from
the fast to the loose pulley.
The tenth part of our Invention consists, in a novel combination of machi-
nery for balling warps, in which the warps or yarns are passed through an
arm which revolves round a spindle to which the leading end of the warp is
first attached, so that by the continued revolution of the arm, the warp may
be wound round the spindle into a ball. This spindle is so combined in our
improved machine, that its angle is altered during the winding on or balling
of the warp to the plane of motion of the arm before described, by means of
a cam, in order to alter the direction in which the succeeding parts of the
warp are caused to overlay the parts previously wound on. The spindle is
made to partially revolve, first in one direction and then in the opposite,
during the whole of the process of balling, to prevent the warp yarns being
twisted spirally round each other in one direction, all of which twist would
subsequently have to be taken out in the operation of beaming. As no con-
tinuous twist is given to the warp in the same direction by our improved
machine, the same warp may be formed into two or more balls for the con-
venience of carriage, when it would be inconveniently large in one ball for
that and for other purposes.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, is a front elevation, and Fig. 2, Sheet 3, a side elevation,
of the driving end.
Fig. 3, a plan of the upper part of the framework of the balling machine.
1, 1, represent the standards of the machine. 2, the spindle around which
the warp is wound into a ball. 3 is the arm of a flyer, which winds the warp
upon the spindle. 4 represents the vibrating frame carrying the spindle 2,
with the train of wheels for imparting motion to the same. 5 is a cam for
varying the angle of the frame 4 and spindle 2.
We shall now proceed to describe the working of the machine. In Fi-
gures 1 and 2, Sheet 3, 6 is the driving pulley fixed upon the shaft 7, driven
by the belt 8. Upon the shaft 7 is fixed the bevil wheel 9, which gives
motion to the bevil wheel 10, through the upright shaft and pinions 11.

page_text: Into the bevil wheel 10 gears the bevil pinion 12, fixed upon the shaft 13,
which revolves in bearings attached to the moveable frame 4. To the other
end of the shaft 13 is secured the spur pinion 14, driving the upright shaft 15
through the wheels 16, 16. On the top of this shaft is fixed a pinion 17,
working into the mangle wheel 18, fixed upon the spindle 2, and thus causing
the spindle partially to rotate in alternate directions. Upon the axis of the
wheel 10 is fixed the spur pinion 19, which imparts a slow rotary motion to
the cam 5, through the spur wheels 20, bevils 21, and worm and wheel 22, 23.
A. larger pinion than 19 is used when an increased speed of the cam is
required, and a smaller one when a slower speed of the cam is necessary.
To the swing frame 4 is attached the bowl 24, resting upon the periphery of
the cam, the rotation of which causes the frame to vibrate in the arc 25,
and thus to produce the requisite alterations in the angles of the spindle
during the formation of the ball. Upon the driving shaft 7 is also fixed the
bevil pinion 26, which drives the bevil wheel 27, revolving in the upper
portion of the frame. To the bevil wheel 27 is attached the arm of the
flyer 3, upon which are fixed the guide pulleys 28, 28. The boss of the bevil
wheel is bored to form an eye for the conducting of the yarn. The yarn 29
passes over the guide pulley 30, through the boss of the wheel 27, under and
over the guide pulleys, and through the delivering eye 31 on to the spindle
or bowl, where it is wound by the rotation of the flyer 3 round the spindle 2.
Upon the cam shaft 32 is fixed the adjustable projection 33, which in its
orbit presses upon the short arm of the catch 34, disengaging the horizontal
lever 35, and thereby allowing the spring 36 to force the worm 22 out of
gear with the worm wheel 23. The pulley 30 is made to swivel round the
centre of the eye of the flyer, to suit the position of various warping mills,
and is secured, where required, by the pinching screw 37. In the machine
represented at Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 3, the pulley 6 is driven from a pulley
swinging in a frame attached to the ceiling of the room, or to a beam. This
frame is balanced by a weight. We use this mode of driving, that the
attendant on the machine may easily slacken or tighten the strap, and we
Fast and loose pulleys may be used in
shew the plan in Figure 7, Sheet 3.
place of the single fixed pulley.
The eleventh part of our Invention consists of another machine for balling
warps round a spindle or bobbin, which remains in a horizontal position.
In this machine the spindle or bobbins is made to traverse from side to side
to effect the winding of the warp over itself into a ball, whilst the trumpet
mouth through which the warp passes is fixed. Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3,
represent this machine, in which the ball is formed by means of a horizontal

page_text: and traversing spindle driven by friction rollers. 1 is the framework of the
machine. 2, the ordinary fast and loose pulleys, to which motion is com-
municated by the belt 3. 4 is the ball or warp which lays upon and is driven
by the friction rollers or drums 5, 5; these rollers are secured to the
shafts 6, 6, by loose keys or feathers, thus permitting them to slide longi-
tudinally upon and revolve with them. 7 is a wheel secured upon the driving
shaft 8, and which, through the wheel 9, pinion 10, and wheel 11, causes the
mangle wheel shaft 12 partially to rotate in opposite directions. Upon the
mangle wheel shaft 12 is fixed the bevil 13, working into the bevil 14, to
which is attached the spur pinion 15, working into the rack 16, which is
secured to the guide or carriage 17, to which it imparts a corresponding
reciprocating motion. 18 is a guide or eye fixed upon the framing, and
serves to distribute the yarn or warp over the surface of the ball during the
traversing of the carriage. 19 are feed or guide rollers. though which the
warp passes to the eye 18 of the machine. 20 is the warp or yarn.
Having now described and explained the nature and object of our Inven-
tion, and the manner wherein the same is to be performed, we desire it to
be understood, that with reference to the first and second parts of our Inven-
tion, we claim the mode therein pointed out of alternately confining and
leaving free the reeds of looms, by means of apparatus actuated by the
successive changes occurring in the position of the crank or slay arms during
the revolution of the crank, or by an equivalent motion derived from cams
or tappets fixed on the crank shaft, and also the application therein described
of the same apparatus or motion to regulate the action of stop rods and also
all modifications and varied applications thereof, wherein the essential character
of our Invention is retained.
With reference to the third part, we claim the application of the supple-
mentary spring-catch and lever therein described, to the purpose of limiting
the recoil of the cloth beam, when the driving and detaining catches of the
taking-up motion are lifted out of gear.
With reference to the fourth part, we claim the use of caoutchouc or india
rubber for the purposes therein specified.
With reference to the fifth part, we claim the arrangement of self-acting
mechanism therein described, for changing shuttles in looms.
With reference to the sixth part, we do not claim any of the several parts,
but only the combination therein set forth of the conical clutch with the brake
applied by the recoil of the spring handle.
With reference to the seventh part, we claim only the application of the
tangent surfaces of vertical and parallel cylinders, pulleys, or drums, to the
purpose therein specified.

page_text: With reference to the eighth part, we claim only the application of tangent
conical surfaces for the purpose specified.
With reference to the ninth part, we claim the arrangement of mechanism
therein described, for the purpose therein explained, or any mere modification
thereof.
With reference to the tenth and eleventh parts, we do not claim any of
the several parts constituting the machines therein described, except as herein-
after mentioned.
But what we do claim as our Invention are, the use of the cam therein
described, to pass the balling spindle through the series of angles that it is
required to make with the plane of motion of the arm 3; and also the mode
therein pointed out, of causing the partial rotation of the spindle in alternate
directions; and also the mode specified of balling warps round a horizontal
traversing spindle, by means of friction drums; and also the general arrange-
ments and combinations of machinery, constituting the machines described..
And such Invention being, to the best of our knowledge and belief, new, and
never before practised in that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom called
England, we deliver this as our true and faithful Specification thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Tayler and Richard Hurst, have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Sixth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.