matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR FROM WHEAT AND OTHER SEEDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Carr at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1871.
I, THOMAS CARB, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR FROM WHEAT
AND OTHER SEEDS," to bo as follows:
Firstly. My Invention consists in driving my disintegrating machine
or flour mill plaacing a crank on each shaft and connecting the piston
rod of a steam engine directly to cach crank, or by gearing a wheel on
the crank shaft of an engine with a pinion on the end of each shaft of
the disintegrator.
Secondly. My improvements relate to the manufacture of flour by my
Patent disintegrator (No. 1895, July 5th, A.D. 1870, and No. 2149,
August 2nd, A.D. 1870), and consist in arranging the whole machine,
or the cage part of the machine only, to work in a box chamber or
casing from which the air is exhausted, the shafts passing through
stuffing boxes in the sides of the chamber when the cages only are

page_text: enclosed, the said box chamber or casing having a capacity sufficient to
contain the machine or cages of the machine, and a supply of grain to
be operated upon, and also the flour produced from such supply of grain,
and with arrangements for feeding the grain placed in the chamber
by screws or clevators to the machine if required, and for introducing
fresh supplies of grain to and removing the flour produced from the
chamber. The chamber may be supplied with grain by pipes or shoots,
which may be divided into two or more compartments; and while one
compartment is discharging its grain into the casing of the machine
the other is being filled, the valves between the two compartments
being arranged and operated so that one valve is always shut when the
other is open.
The flour may also be removed from the casing or chamber by a
similar arrangement of two or more compartments and valves. After
filling each compartment for supplying the grain the air may be
exhausted from it, and after emptying each compartment for discharging
the flour the air may be withdrawn from such compartment. The air
is exhausted from the casing by pumps or other suitable means, and it
is drawn by preference from the upper part of the casing up a vertical
pipe of sufficient height, and may be arranged to pass through fine silk
to keep back any flour, the silk being stretched on a disc frame, and
made to rotate in front of the exit opening so as to constantly present
a fresh surface, that part of the silk when not opposite the opening
being acted upon by a brush to remove any flour which may adhere to
the face of the silk, or the air might be made to traverse serpentine
troughs or chambers to give time for the air to deposit the flour
carried along with it before being finally discharged into the
atmosphero.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINERY ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SEWAGE PRECIPITATES, AND ALSO TO AGRICULTURAL, ANIMAL, AND CHEMICAL, ⚫ AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alfred Gibbs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1871.
I, WILLIAM ALFRED GIBBS, of Gilwell Park, in the County of
5 Essex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING MACHINERY ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SEWAGE
PRECIPITATES, AND ALSO TO AGRICULTURAL, ANIMAL, AND CHEMICAL, ⚫ AND
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me of date 1st
August, 1870, No. 2145, I have described certain arrangements of
rotating case or cylinder with air ducts and adjuncts, forming a drying
apparatus, to which Specification I hereby refer.
By my present Invention I vary the arrangements therein described
as follows:-I arrange the said rotating cases or cylinders with their air

page_text: ducts, to have one or more of their exits and discharge ends led into a
closed chamber, at the further end of which chamber a suction fan or
fans or a chimney shaft is adjusted so as to compel powerful streams of
air to pass through the air ducts into the rotating cases or cylinder,
and thence into and through said closed chamber; such air to be
previously heated by passing through or over furnaces or other heat
such chain to be provided with tines when needed, as for hay, wheat in 2
the straw, rags, hair, wool, and other fibrous substances.
5th. By an arrangement of tines or scrapers affixed to parallel endless
chains and supported on wheels on or above the air duct, in such a
manner as that the aforesaid tines and adjuncts dip into the fibrous or
other material contained in the troughs, and by the rotation of the 3
chains draw such material forward or backward and forward along the
trough until dry enough to discharge.

page_text: For drying hay and other substances it may be convenient to adjust
the air duct with its attached trough and bands at such an angle
as will deliver such hay on to the top of the stack, or on to an
upper floor.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR ARRESTING THE MOTION OF RAILROAD TRAINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th March 1871.-A communication from abroad by Frederick
Rudolph Schettler, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
AND APPARATUS FOR ARRESTING THE MOTION OF RAILROAD TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object to provide a means for suddenly but
not violently interrupting the forward motion of railroad trains or
engines. To this end it is proposed to apply oil, lard, or other greasy
or slippery substance to the track and tyres of the wheels and driving
wheels, or either. Practical tests have shown that thereby, if a sufficient
quantity of the lubricating matter is used, trains will be immediately
arrested, although the driving wheels of the engine and the other wheels
may continue to rotate on the slippery track. The shocks usually
produced by a sudden arrest of forward motion are thus avoided. In

page_text: order to apply the Invention the engine is provided with an oil reservoir,
whence pipes lead towards the track preferably right in front of the
driving wheels. On the pipes being opened by the driver, oil will from
the reservoir be discharged upon the track, making the same slippery, so
that the driving wheels can take no further hold of the same. Steam
pressure may be applied to assist the discharge, or spring or other
pressure within the reservoir may be used. Such aids for the discharge
may however, if desired, be dispensed with. The oil may be discharged
upon the track by one set of pipes and upon the wheels by another,
or upon either track or wheels only, as may be found most desirable,
and the carriages of the trains may have similar oil reservoirs with
pipes for oiling the track or their wheels.
AN IMPROVED BALL VALVE OR TAP FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF LIQUIDS, WATER, STRAH, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Beasley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1871.
I, JOHN WILLIAM BEASLEY, of High Street, Leyton, in the County
of Essex, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED BALL VALVE OR TAP FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF
LIQUIDS, WATER, STRAH, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved ball valvė
or tap for regulating in a more simple and efficient manner than
hitherto the supply of liquids, water, steam, gas, or other fluids.
The improved ball valve or tap is constructed of a small metal vessel or
box, into the upper part of which is fixed the end of the supply pipe; to
the bottom of this box is screwed or otherwise suitably fixed a flat plate,
having a hole or port in the centre with a nozzle on the under side for
the discharge of the water, steam, gas, or other fluid; over the said hole
or port and inside the box is a metal slide; the rod of the ball near its

page_text: end works on a pin or pivot fixed in the discharge nozzle under the port,
and the end of the rod is turned up at right angles so as to project
through the port and into a slot in the bottom of the slide, the parts
being so arranged that when the ball has fallen the port is open, and as
the water, steam, gas, or other fluid passes through the discharge nozzle 5
into the vessel to be filled the ball in rising will by means of the
cranked end move the slide over the port and close it.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SCREW BOLTS, RIVETS, AND OTHER FASTENINGS FOR SECURING ARMOUR PLATES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Woore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1871.
I, JOHN WILLIAM WOORE, of Emmett Street, Poplar, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SCREW BOLTS, RIVETS, AND OTHER FASTENINGS FOR
SECURING ARMOUR PLATES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to screw
bolts, rivets, and other fastenings of a similar character used for securing
armour plates; for the construction of wood, iron, or composite ships
or vessels, or for other purposes of construction; the object of the
Invention being to prevent galvanic or electrical action between iron
and copper, or other metal or alloy mixed with copper, as used in the
bolt or fastening.
I propose to apply to the screw bolt, rivet, or fastening, a washer of
metal intervening between the nut or other head, so as to intercept or
interrupt contact between the iron of the vessel or other structure and
the bolt or head.

page_text: In ordinary cases the iron becomes decayed and oxidized at the point
of union or contact with the bolt by reason of the electrical action,
but by the intervention of the neutral metallic washer this action is
completely obviated.
The washer may be made of the alloy known as "white metal,” (
which is comparatively hard and yet capable of being firmly clamped
between the nut or head of the fastening and the iron surface; or an
alloy of lead, antimony, and tin, with bismuth may be used; or lead
and tin; nickel may in some cases be added, or lead alone, according
to the purpose required. The washer is cut with a screw thread to suit :
the screw bolt, or it may be plain when not to traverse a screw. By
these means it can be tightened up to the iron, and finally clamped by
pressure.
The proportions of the various alloys used in the construction of the
neutral washer may, of course, be arranged to suit the various require-
ments of the bolt or fastening, according to strain and exposure to sea
or fresh water, or merely to atmospheric influences; the hardness or
softness of the alloys may be regulated by the proportions of antimony,
nickel, or tin. In most cases the washer will make its own thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATEROLOSETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Minton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1871.
I, ALFRED MINTON, of the Victoria Iron Works, Hackney Wick,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATEROLOSETS," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in waterclosets. For
this purpose I combine with the ordinary apparatus of waterclosets a
similar apparatus on a diminished scale, with a reservoir so mechanically
contrived that immediately the plug is closed an amount of carbolic
acid, chloride of lime, Condy's fluid, or any other disinfectant is
admitted from the said reservoir into the pan, and is diluted with the
water therein contained, or if the closet be not trapped the disinfectant
runs directly into the soil pipe.
This apparatus may be made so as to be disconnected at pleasure from

page_text: In place of causing the disinfecting fluid to flow into the pan
of the closet after the admission of water has ceased, the water may be
first received into a small intermediate cistern, where it will meet with
a measured quantity of the disinfecting liquid discharged by the delivery
apparatus provided for the purpose, and the water so mixed with a
small quantity of disinfectant will be drawn from the cistern into the
pan of the closet; thus the intervention of a disinfecting fluid whereby
emanations of gases from the soil pipes, or sewers, or drains, may
be rendered harmless to health is ensured, and further, the flow of
a disinfectant into the sewer, or drain, or cesspool, whenever the
closet is used.
A. NEW OR IM- PROVED FIBROUS PAPER PULP, AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TAN OR SPENT BARK IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE SAID PULP
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Broad at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1871.
I, JOSEPH BROAD, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A. NEW OR IM-
PROVED FIBROUS PAPER PULP, AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TAN OR
SPENT BARK IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE SAID PULP," to be as follows:--
This Invention consists in taking tan or the spent bark to be obtained
from tanners, and so treating it that thereby it becomes a fibrous pulp
capable of being used in the manufacture of paper, cardboards, or other
purposes for which paper pulp is or may be applied.
The tan or spent bark is placed in a rotatory steam boiler, or steam
boiler mounted upon trunnions, so as to be capable of being revolved.
The exact quantity placed in the boiler is determined by the size of the
boiler. The boiler contains a solution of caustic soda, wood ash, and
blue lias lime, concentrated with spirits of salts, and the action of these
agents in connection with the use of steam at a pressure of about fifty
pounds when continued for such a length of time as may be determined

page_text: by the nature of the material under treatment separates the gummy
and soluble parts and leaves the fibrous parts in some cases in suitable
condition for the manufacture of fibrous pulp when treated in the
manner known to paper makers. It can also be bleached for the
manufacture of the finer and whiter kinds of paper.
In other cases when the fibres are found to adhere together in such a
way as to require mechanical treatment I employ a machine constructed
as follows:-A main cylinder or roll supported in bearings on a suitable
framework is provided on its external surface with a number of sharp
edged projections, pins, or points, by preference of steel, and in con-
nection with this main cylindrical roll by means of bevel gearing
actuating their shafts or axles are two smaller cylindrical rolls, also
furnished with the sharp edged projections, pins, or points.
The material to be operated upon is fed to the rolls by any mechanical
means, but by preference by an endless feed cloth, upon which the
material is carried forward to two rolls, one placed above the other, and
the top one is provided with weights, so as thereby to adjust the grip of
these rolls upon the material to be operated upon, the office of these rolls
being to hold or retain the material until it has been acted upon by the
points on main cylinder. This having been done it is next carried
upwards to the second pair of rolls, those with the points, and by its
passage between these rolls and the main cylindrical roll the separating
action is completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLES TO BE USED IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1871.
I, WALTER ANDERSON, of Bramley, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLES TO BE USED IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Whereas in the use of sewing machines great inconvenience has been
found in the frequent necessity of threading the needles while in the
machine, and in the difficulty of performing that operation with the
needles hitherto employed. Now my Invention has for its object the
formation of the needle so as to facilitate the threading thereof by
obviating the necessity of putting the end of the thread through the eye
of the needle as is now required to be done.
For this purpose a slit is formed in the needle either above, or below,
or on a level with the eye, and on the side of the needle opposite to that
in the direction of which the work is moved, so that on the advance of

page_text: the work the thread is drawn in the direction opposite the slit and
towards the eye.
The slit, which forms a channel or passage for the entrance of the
thread should be made of such a diameter or sectional area as to be less
than the thread adapted for the particular sized needle employed, so that
in being drawn through the slit or channel it becomes flattened out a
little at the point of threading, by which the ordinary tendency of the
thread to pass out of the needle when the tension is lessened while the
machine is at work will be obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING KNIFE HANDLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Blackwell and Albert
Bradshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th January 1871.
We, ALFRED BLACKWELL and ALBERT BRADSHAW, of Sheffield, in
the County of York, Cutlery Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING KNIFE HANDLES,"
to be as follows :-
These improvements have for their object the rendering spring knives
more easy of recognition by the owner or other person, and consist in
inserting any name (whether that of the owner or otherwise) motto, or
device (not infringing co-operative marks) in the scale of the knife
handle by making such scale of cast metal or other material that can
be cast in moulds, the said moulds being previously prepared so as
somewhat roughly to give the required name, motto, or device on the
scale of the knife handle when cast; the name, motto, or device presenting
the appearance of being either stamped out or standing up in relief from
the surface of the scale, or partly one and partly the other; it may be then
sent to the engravers to be finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULOUS STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Handel Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1871.
I, HANDEL MOORE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBULOUS STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:
-
In steam boilers of the tubulous class, that is to say boilers con-
structed of a number of tubes of small diameter arranged in a group,
leakage at the points of connection is caused, as is well known, by
expansion and contraction of the metal. When india-rubber or other
elastic packing is employed to allow expansion and contraction leakage
still takes place, especially under high pressures, by molecular or other
change in the character of the packing; and besides, when india-rubber
or other elastic packing is used the joints cannot be exposed to the
flames or heating gases.
Now the object of my Invention is to construct steam boilers of the
tubulous class in such manner that whilst they are simple and durable

page_text: expansion and contraction shall be provided for, leakage shall be
entirely prevented, and the joints can be freely exposed to the flames or
heating gases. For these purposes I form or construct the tubes with
rings or corrugations, preferably larger in diameter than the tube itself.
These rings or corrugations, two in each tube are preferred although one
or a larger number than two would answer, may be formed of the metal
of the tubes themselves, or pieces with the rings or corrugations may be
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS AND SUNSHADES OR CANOPIES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
May 1871.
I GEORGE RITCHIE, of Belmont Villa, Tyrwhitt Road, Upper Lewisham
Road, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS AND SUNSHADES OR CANOPIES," to
be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object to simplify the construction of tents
and sunshades or canopies. For this purpose I employ, as described in
the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, a central pole upon
which is a runner having jointed to it radial arms or ribs to carry the
covering, but in place of employing stretchers or suspenders, passing as
heretofore from the pole to the central part of the rib, I dispense with
the use of such stretchers or suspenders, and in order that when the
tent, sunshade, or canopy is taken down the canopy covering may be
folded or doubled up neatly around the pole I connect the canopy
covering by means of cords to the radial ribs at a point intermediate of
their length, such cords being connected to the canopy covering inter-
mediate of the central point at which it is connected to the pole, and

page_text: the points at which it is connected to the ends of the radial ribs. By
this means when the runner to which the ribs are jointed is moved
downwards along the pole the canopy covering at the points where the
cords are attached to it is drawn inwards towards the pole and the
canopy covering is thereby doubled up, whilst at the same time the tip
ends of the ribs are drawn towards the upper end of the pole.
For canopies where there are no side curtains to be fixed to the
ground, as there are in tents, the canopy may be strengthened as
described in the Specification before mentioned by causing the ribs to
come against a disc on the pole or by cords as therein described, or
otherwise.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOISTING, LOWERING, AND MOVING OR MANŒUVRING HEAVY OR CUMBROUS ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robert Augustus
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th March 1871.
I, FREDERICK ROBERT AUGUSTUS GLOVER, of Brading, in the Islo
of Wight, Master of Arts, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOISTING, LOWERING, AND MOVING
OR MANŒUVRING HEAVY OR CUMBROUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus for hoisting, lowering, and moving or
mancuring heavy or cumbrous articles is intended more particularly
to be used on board ship, for lifting and lowering anchors, boats, and
other cumbrous articles, but it may be used on. land for lifting and
moving the same or other heavy weights.
The apparatus consists mainly of a strong vertical shaft bar or tube
fitted at its upper end with pulley blocks to receive chains, whereby the
articles to be moved may be lifted. This shaft is supported in any
desired position or inclination by a strongly braced frame, in which it
is capable of turning on its axis. To reduce friction the step which
receives the thrust of the lower end of the shaft is provided with a ball
or balls, on which the shaft rests, and can therefore be turned round

page_text: with ease and with a minimum of action. The braced frame which
supports the vertical shaft is either hinged or otherwise connected to a
strong foundation plate, which is secured by bolts or otherwise to the
deck of the ship. By being thus hinged to the fixed plate the braced
frame will be capable of being placed at any angle from a horizonal &
lino to a vertical linc, and the frame may be steadied or held up in
any position by means of guy ropes, or (if desired) rigid struts may
be employed.
The apparatus when used on board ship may be so placed that when
the shaft is laid down its upper end may project over the ship's side, 1
so that the apparatus may thus be used as a cathead. For convenience
an apparatus may be placed on cach side, and when not in use may
be turned over and laid flat on the central part of the deck, so as to bo
out of the way of circulation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING FELT HAT BODIES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Eaton and Benjamin
Dunkerley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st April 1871.
We, RALPH EATON and BENJAMIN DUNKERLEY, both of Stockport,
in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING
FELT HAT BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of stretching the brims and
tips of felt hat bodies without stretching the band or square of the hat,
and consists chiefly of a pair of clamps mounted at an angle to each
other and actuated by self-acting mechanism in such a manner that
when the tip or the brim of a felt hat body is introduced between the
clamps they first close and hold the same firmly, and then recede from
cach other in a curved or circular direction so as to stretch the felt
between them, and lastly open so as to release the felt and then return
This
to their original position ready for the next operation, and so on.
operation will make the tip and brim thin at the same time that
it stretches or pulls them into the required form without stretching

page_text: of a cam.
or otherwise interfering with the strength of the band or square. Each
clamp is formed of a pair of jaws faced with wood or other suitable
material, the upper jaw of each clamp being capable of being raised by
an india-rubber or other spring so as to open the clamps, and both upper
jaws being closed simultaneously by a T headed lever actuated by means
The same cam after closing the jaws, and thus holding the
felt firmly between them, causes the clamps to recede from each other
in a curved or circular direction by acting against pins projecting from
the lower jaws, the said clamps turning on pivots or hinge joints at
the front end. A depression on the cam then releases the T headed
lever and allows the springs to open the jaws and liberate the felt
body, at the same time the pins of the clamps are also released by the
cam and the clamps are brought together by a spring ready to commence
the operation again.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FASTENING FOR DOORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Welby Pugin and
James William Ayres at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th May 1871.
We, EDWARD WELBY PUGIN, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent,
Architect, and JAMES WILLIAM AYRES, of the same Place, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF FASTENING FOR DOORS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a mortice lock
fastening for the doors of railway and other carriages the bolt of which
fastening cannot be thrown until the door is shut, but which will be
self-propelled so as soon the shutting of the door is effected. To attain
this end we mount in the box of the lock a tumbling bolt through which
the square spindle of the handle is passed, this tumbling bolt is cam
shaped and on one side thereof is formed tangential, indents, or ratchet
shaped faced teeth for the purpose to be presently described. Bearing
on the back of the tumbler bolt is a follower which is held hard against
it by a strong spring made fast to the box. By this means a tendency
is given to the bolt to move forward through an opening in the lock
plate, which opening is in line with the staple or socket intended to

page_text: receive the bolt. On the lock plate and on the outer side of the opening
for the bolt, we fit a sliding piece which is intended to receive a sliding
motion transversely of the lock plate. This sliding piece carries within
the box of the lock a chisel edged piece which is intended to take into the
tangential inclined recesses on the side of the bolt, and for this purpose
it is held down in contact with the bolt by a spring fitted to the cap
of the box. When by the action of the handle the bolt is thrust back
for the purpose of opening the door the chisel edge of the sliding piece
will advance and engage with and hold back the bolt. When however
the door is slammed to the sliding piece will strike against the door
jamb, and being thereby thrust back the bolt will be disengaged, and
it will then fly forward under the impetus of its spring, and secure the
door.
IMPROVEMENTS In Lifting and WEIGHING CRABS OR CRANES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Harper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1871.
I, HENRY ROBERT HARPER, of Rowley Regis, in the County of
Stafford, Mine Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS In Lifting and WEIGHING CRABS OR CRANES,”
to be as follows:—
My Invention consists of certain improvements in travelling crabs or
cranes by which they are made to weigh the object they lift (if desired),
or they may be used simply as lifting crabs or cranes, and such may be
applied to any crab or crane now in use.
To effect such I apply to any crab or crane (in addition to the usual
lifting machinery) a cylinder fixed in a gland bracket, the ends of which
bracket have steel scale beam centres which work in two steel bushes
fixed in the side frames. On to the side of this bracket I cast a boss,
through which I pass a regulating screw working into an eye in a lever.
The aforesaid cylinder contains a spring, against which presses a piston

page_text: which works "freely" and has a piston rod, one end of which is passed
through cylinder cover, and is screwed into a wheel collared on to
cylinder cover to press the spring by piston. I fix an index on this
cylinder so balanced as to indicate whatever weight is on the crab or
crane jib.
'
I fix a pair of regulating wheels by which I centralize the machine
when I desiro to weigh any object. On the barrel shaft I fix a small
wheel outside working into a larger one, which works a finger on a dial
plate adjusted to indicate the weight of chain let out independent of the
object weighed, which when taken from the weight indicated on the:
cylinder gives the accurate weight of the object desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS AND IN LOOMS THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Strang at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1871.
I, WILLIAM STRANG, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS AND IN LOOMS THEREFOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say:—
This Invention relates to the weaving of ornamental fabrics of the
class in which figuring weft is woven in by means of jacquard harness,
with the portions between the figured parts floated and afterwards cut
away, and consists in combining with such figuring an ornamental
ground differing from an ordinary plain woven or from a leno or gauze
ground, and which resembles an ornamental weaving effect known by
itself as "mignionette" or "nette."
In this nette ground the warp and weft threads are so interwoven (in
a manner well known to the practical weaver) as that sets of both
threads afterwards become drawn together, and present the appearance
of a small check pattern. Thus for example every sixth thread may be

page_text: acted on as in plain weaving, whilst the five threads between each pair
of such sixth threads are woven so as to draw together and look like a
thick thread or cord.
In producing the desired effect in the harness loom suitably perforated
cards are interpolated between the usual pattern cards, or as such 5
interpolated cards are repeats of each other, either singly or in sets of
two or more, a single set or a board or cylinder in place of them may be
used, being kept separate from the usual pattern cards, and being made
to act on the jacquard apparatus alternately with them.
The weaving at the figured parts is by preference plain, which result 1
is obtained by keeping open the pattern shed until after the succeeding
ground shot is made, the revolving cam or wiper by which the jacquard
apparatus is acted on to raise the pattern shed in a power loom being for
this purpose made with a sufficiently extended acting part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHOPPING OR BREAKING LOAF SUGAR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hurd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1871.
I, FREDERICK HURD, of the Albion Foundry, Wakefield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHOPPING OR BREAKING LOAF
SUGAR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in breaking the loaf of sugar into discs of any
required thickness by means of an angle or other shaped knife worked
by a treadle or by a piston actuated by compressed air or other motive
power.
Also in dividing the discs so produced into square or other shaped
lumps by means of two sets of cutters placed at right angles to each
other, and worked up and down by a piston actuated by compressed air
or other power. These cutters are set at any distance apart according to
the size of the lumps required, and in order to allow the broken pieces
to drop between the knives they are opened by expanding wedges or
otherwise after every stroke of the cutters. The broken pieces fall on

page_text: sieves to separate any dust or powder that might be produced from the
lumps.
My Invention also consists in breaking sugar by means of two sets of
cutters set at an angle to form a hopper into which the large lumps or
loaves are fed, and the lower ends of the cutters are set so as to cross
each other. By moving one or both of these sets of cutters the large
lumps of sugar are gradually reduced in size and escape only when cut
or broken to the desired size.
In this case also a sieve or sieves are employed to separate the lumps
from the dust.
I also employ a travelling belt or chain with receptacles to traverse
the broken sugar to any desired part of the warehouse.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR ADMINISTERING. MEDICINE BALLS TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bentley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1871.
I, WILLIAM BENTLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR ADMINISTERING. MEDICINE BALLS TO
HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists of a new or improved instrument for adminis-
tering medicine balls to horses and other animals, constructed suḥstan-
tially in the manner herein-after described.
By the use of my Invention great certainty and ease in administering
the medicine balls are secured and risk of injury to the person adminis-
tering the said balls is avoided. The said instrument consists of a long
tube or tubular body having at one end a tubular chamber of larger
diameter for containing the medicine ball or balls. This tubular
chamber is open at its outer end, and in the said chamber a piston or
ejector works freely. To the said pištōn or ejector a rod is connected
the said rod sliding and being capable of partly rotating in the tubular

page_text: body of the instrument. The outer end of the rod described projects
from the tubular body and is furnished with a handle. A. strong coiled
spring around the rod, when at liberty to move, forces the piston or
ejector outwards or towards the open end of the tubular medicine
chamber. The said rod is connected to the tubular body and its motion
in the said body guided by means of a pin or stud terminating in a head
working in a longitudinal slot in the tubular body. The said pin or
stud also serves to lock the piston or ejector. That end of the longi-
tudinal slot near the handle of the instrument opens into a cross slot.
By pulling the handle of the instrument the piston or ejector of the
tubular chamber is brought to the rear or closed end of the said chamber
and the coiled spring behind the said piston or ejector is compressed.
By now giving the handle a twisting motion the stud on the rod is
engaged with the cross slot in the tubular body and the piston or ejector
is held or locked in its withdrawn position. The medicine ball to be
administered being placed in the tubular or medicine; chamber and in
front of the piston or ejector in the said chamber, the instrument is
introduced into the animal's mouth. By now releasing the spring sliding
rod, by disengaging its stud from the cross slot in the tubular body,
the piston or ejector rapidly advances in its chamber ejecting the
medicine ball therefrom into the throat of the animal. The said
medicine ball is thus administered with ease, certainty, and safety, and
the piston or ejector only requires to be withdrawn to the rear of the
tubular or medicine chamber and locked to be again ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE POUCHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fernando Aramburu at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th January 1871.-A communication from abroad by Guillermo
Reinlein, a Captain in the Spanish Artillery, stationed at Madrid.
I, FERNANDO ARAMBURU, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE POUCHES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention refers to a ready means for opening the cartridge
pouch, and also to a self-closing action of the lid or cover of the pouch,
so that ammunition may be taken therefrom with rapidity and ease,
and the lid or cover securely held down upon the pouch except when
the cartridges are being withdrawn. This is effected by forming the
lid or cover of the pouch with side arms extending to the bottom or
under side of the pouch, where they are held by pivot centres secured
to the pouch on each side, and upon which the side. arms oscillate for
the opening of the lid or cover of the pouch when desired; the self-
closing action of the lid or cover is obtained by means of a spring
attached to the under side of the pouch and acting upon a small lever

page_text: in connection with the side arms of the lid or cover, so as to keep such
lid or cover closed down, but allowing it to be opened at will by means
of a turned up thumbpiece or other convenient means. The body of
the pouch may be of any desired shape and of suitable material, by
preference the pouch is made of leather, and the lid or cover and its 5
attendant parts of steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROADWAYS FOR RIVERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1871.
I, CHARLES ALLEN, of the City of Dublin, in Ireland, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROADWAYS FOR RIVERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a roadway for rivers to be
employed as a substitute for bridges. The roadway is formed on round,
square, oval, or otherwise shaped tubes enclosed in masonry, and protected
by flood gates. There are doors or traps which regulate the flow of water.
Over these tubes may be placed other tubes above high-water mark, to
be used in case of flood or high spring tides. Gas pipes and water
supply pipes and drain pipes may be carried over or across the tubes.
Level tubular roadways will thus be formed, the tides will be regulated,
and the odour arising from the river bed will be obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND PRESERVING THEM FROM ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES AND FIRE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dunn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1871.
I, THOMAS DUNN, of Pendleton, near the City of Manchester, Civil
and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES,
AND PRESERVING THEM FROM ATMOSPHERIC INFLUENCES AND FIRE," to be as
follows:-
==
In building houses and other structures I form a solid foundation
in the ordinary way, and erect thereon framework of iron or fire-proof
wood, which is made to carry the floor beams and roofing, and may
be built inside the walls or to form a part of the window openings and
doorways. To this framework is bolted, cramped or otherwise secured the
outer casings or shell made of marble, stone, flags, slate, fire-clay slabs
terra cotta, or other mineral or plastic hard substances of good size to
reduce the number of joints; imitation joints may however be made
to resemble ordinary buildings. When wood is used for the framing

page_text: or laths, inner casings, doors, roofing, stairs, and other parts it is
well dried, or the sap sucked out by exhaustion, and a solution of
tungstate of soda is forced or absorbed into the pores of the wood to
make it fire-proof.
The inner surface of walls may be laths and plaster or fire-proof
boarding, and when the framing is embedded into the walls I use
fire-bricks set in fire-clay to form the openings, windows, doors, and
other parts. The outer casing and inner lining are made of fire-clay
and fire-brick rubble filled in with common rubble or concrete made
from materials obtainable near the erection or from the debris of
old building materials. When sifted the larger portions form rubble.
or concrete and the smaller siftings mixed with lime to hold the whole
firmly together.
In high and weighted structures hoop iron, rivetted crossways, or
wire network may be built in at intervals. In this case the flags or
other casing are connected at the corners by cramps or angles, or the
centre of the flag is connected by a bolt. In some structures a wooden
pole or scantling may be built in the centre of each pier between
the windows and in other parts to which the building materials are
attached. In this case fire-clay slabs may be easily secured to form
windows. In this class of structures imitation marble may be formed by
strong cement and highly coloured hard chippings of stone from home
or foreign quarries. This imitation marble may be cased with fire saddles
fastened together with cross wire or bolts.
For the upper floors or stories fire-proof boards may be advantageously
used for the outer shell, painted like brickwork or covered with fire-
proof and weather-proof cloth, which is printed to represent bricks, tiles,
or otherwise. These lighter materials may also be advantageously used
for emigrants' houses, temporary churches, or other cheap and light
buildings.
I also prepare the cloth and the fire-proofing solution above referred
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Corbett at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th.
April 1871.
I, SAMUEL CORBETT, of Wellington, in the County of Salop, Agri-
cultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements in ploughs herein-after
described, the object of the said improvements being principally to
facilitate the operations of digging, subsoiling, pulverizing, and forking
land by ploughs.
My Invention consists, firstly, in casting or otherwise fixing prongs
or cutters on the top of the ploughshares. These prongs or cutters dig
up and loosen the maiden soil before it comes in contact with the breast
or mould board of the plough, and thereby lessen its friction on the
surface of the breast or mould board.
When the plough is to be used as a subsoil plough the mould-boards
are removed, and by removing the share and fixing another and longer
breast the plough is fitted for use for general purposes..

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, in the use of a number of moveable
prongs or cutters on or near the hind part of the mould board in a
horizontal line with the curve of the mould board, for the purpose of
forking and loosening the maiden soil on the land after the mould board
has turned it up, so as to leave it in perfect tilth, by which means
a seed bed is made at one operation without harrowing or other
working.

page_text: near beam, a nut or nuts being situated on each side of the beam
for the purpose of altering the distance of the beams and width of
furrow.
The sliding of the fore end and "copsell" on the transverse bar has
for its object to suit single, or breast horses, or three horses abreast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES, AND IN MACHINERY OR TOOLS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1871.
I, EDWARD JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES, AND IN
MACHINERY OR TOOLS TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
the process of fashioning or shaping metallic cartridge cases and in the
machinery or tools used in conducting the said process of fashioning or
shaping.
In the ordinary method of drawing the tubular metallic cartridge
case the tube is forced through a series of drawing-through dies by
means of pegs or mandrils, the pegs or mandrils being changed after
each drawing process and the tube annealed.

page_text: According to my Invention I employ a peg or mandril much longer
than the ordinary peg or mandril. Two, three, or more drawing-through
dies are fixed one in advance of the other in the same line, the openings
in the said dies becoming progressively smaller. The peg or mandril
carrying the tube to be shaped is passed by one motion in succession
through the series of drawing-through dies, the tube being operated
upon by each die as it passes through it and its external diameter
reduced. The treatment described is repeated by the use of two or
three series of dies as may be necessary, the dies of each series being less
than those of the preceding series. The diameter of the mandril is by
preference diminished as the tube is operated upon by the successively
diminishing dies.
The outside heading punch by which the closed end of the tube is
compressed has a curved or bevilled recess in it instead of having the
flat face of the ordinary heading punch. The acting part of the heading
punch is a plain cylindrical hole. The rounded or inclined edge of the
head of the cartridge case thus made is much stronger at the shoulder
in consequence of the action of the curved or inclined punch than when
it is fashioned by a punch of the ordinary kind.
My improvements in the machinery or tools employed in the manu-
facture of the said cartridge cases consist in the construction and
arrangement of parts herein-before described, the other parts of the
machinery I use differing in no essential respect from the machinery
ordinarily employed.
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