IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREPOR
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frame, of the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN MECHANISM OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREPOR."
Sealed the 21st July 1868, and dated the 31st January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frame at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st January 1868.
I, JOHN FRAME, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN
MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THELEFOR," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This said Invention consists in general terms in a new or improved
mechanical arr ngements, susceptible of various modifications to suit
particular applications and cases for transmitting and changing
rectilineal reciprocatory motion into circular motion in motive-
A

page_text: power engines and other machines in which such is necessary or
required for transmitting motive power for various purposes, and also
vice versa, for transmitting and changing circular motion into rectilineal
reciprocatory motion in and for motive-power engines, and many other
useful machines and purposes, such as the actuating of pumps;
planing, slotting, and nibbling; machine tools; punching, shearing,
rivet making, and rivetting machines; the tables and pressing surfaces
of printing, embossing, and stamping machines; brick making and
other compressing machines, and other such heavy machines and tools
in which the reciprocatory motion has generally to be taken from the
central or body part of a long shaft or line of shafts by a crank or
cranks formed thereon, or by large eccentrics and straps and their
connecting rods, all as at present constructed and used, which involve
considerable complication and inconvenience and great expense as
compared with the improvements under this said Invention for
accomplishing the same or like purposes.
And this said Invention consists essentially and particularly under
one modification, construction, or form of an eccentric ring or annular
recess or groove, or a projecting rim formed laterally in or on a disc
or web, with a boss or eye keyed or otherwise secured to the revolving
shaft, whether it be that of the actuated or actuating shaft for
any of the adaptations or purposes herein stated or to which it is
applicable under this said Invention. A segmental bearing and
oscillating block or link is made to work into the annular eccentric
recess or groove, or over the eccentric rim having a pin projecting
out laterally from it, which is by preference directly connected to
the rod, frame, or other part of the machine which is required to
reciprocate rectilineally by a bush into which it works or oscillates
along with the bearing block; or otherwise, the pin, which may be
termed the eccentric reciprocating pin, may be attached to the recipro-
catory part of the machine, and have its bush or working bearing hole
formed in the segmental bearing piece or link, which will thus oscillate
on the pin; in this case, instead of in the bush of the reciprocating
part as in the first case, in which the pin is formed or fixed on
itself, as the eccentric and revolving shaft turns round whether the
shaft is actuated by or is actuating the reciprocating part. It is
preferred to guide the reciprocating rod or part of the machine by
any of the present parallel guides or motions at present used for the
like purpose in a line through or crossing the axis of the shaft

page_text: radially and at right angles to it on one side; and when only one rod
is so worked in the same plane it may be made double or forked at its
free end, so as to embrace and work on each side of the revolving
shaft towards the other side, which would thus form a most simple
and satisfactory parallel motion for the reciprocatory rod or part. The
reciprocating rod or part may also, when desired, work tangentially
to the eccentric ring or annular recess at right angles to the radial
reciprocatory action of the eccentric pin, which in this case would
be connected to the reciprocatory rod or part by a connecting rod,
the free end of which would oscillate as nearly radially or at right
angles to the motion of the reciprocating part as possible; or the pin
might be made to work in a transverse slot formed in the reciprocating
rod or frame at right angles to its motion and radially to the shaft
at half stroke; the reciprocatory part in this case also being guided
by any of the usual parallel guiding mechanical motions or arrange-
ments heretofore used for the like purpose. When different lengths
of stroke or "throw" of the eccentric pin and its reciprocating
connections are required, it is preferred to have the eccentric hollow
ring or rim and its web or disc made large enough to give the
maximum stroke desired, and have it fitted and secured by a moveable
slide to a fixed slide on the face of a disc or duplex arm with a strong
boss firmly keyed or otherwise fixed to the revolving shaft, so that
the eccentric rim may be shifted on the fixed slide and disc or arms
to any less stroke or "throw," or even to a concentric position with
the shaft, when there would be no motion of the pin and its attach-
ments; and when desired, the centre of the eccentric could be moved
in the same direction past the centre of the shaft, and any minimum
up to the maximum stroke of the reciprocating pin and its connections
thus obtained on the other side of the shaft; or otherwise, instead of
a transverse fixed and moveable slide arrangement the eccentric ring
may be made to rotate in a curvilineal manner on the face of the
fixed disc so as to shift its axis to different radial positions and distances
of "stroke" off the centre as required in some cases for working the
valves of steam engines for stopping and reversing their motion, or
otherwise the disc and boss with eccentric ring, either formed on it or
firmly fixed to it may be made to shift to different positions round the
shaft in the same manuer that ordinary cccentrics have heretoforc
been arranged and made for the like purpose of reversing the motion
of motive.nower engines

page_text: These improvements in changing and transmitting rectilineal
reciprocatory motion and force into circular motion and force in
motive-power engines and other machinery, and vice versa, give
great facillity for having or obtaining regular or nearly regular or
rotatary motion and circular force in the revolving shaft while yet
deriving its circular motion by rectilineal reciprocatory motion, or
ricc versa, while giving such reciprocating motion to parts of
machines, all by the eccentric reciprocating pin, and their actuating
and bearing blocks; when several of these are used in connection with
the same revolving shaft, being arranged either at equal angles and
distances round the shaft and one eccentric ring in nearly the same
transverse plane or in different planes and eccentric rings ranged
along the shaft at any desired distances or different longitudinal radial
planes, but having the eccentrics so set or fixed on the shaft that
their axes and reciprocating pins, rods, or frames and connections shall
all be carried to their longest or shortest distance of stroke or "throw"
as nearly regular as possible, in equal angles and distances radially
round the shaft as possible, so as to equalize or balance the speed
and force and strains as nearly as possible at all points or parts of
the revolution of the shaft; and when desired, the weight of the
eccentric ring might be balanced and made to form a fly wheel or
driving belt pulley or power transmitting toothed wheel at its outer
periphery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Frame in the Great Seal Patent Office 2
on the 30th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FRAME, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Frame, Iler special licence
that I, the said John Frame, my executors, administrators, and 3
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Frame, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Frame, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frame, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying three Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and
nuunerals marked thereon, the same letters having reference to the
same or similar parts in all the Figures, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists in general terms in a new or improved
mechanical arrangement susceptible of various modifications to suit
particular applications and cases for transmitting and changing
rectilineal reciprocatory motion into circular motion in motive-power
engines and other machines in which such is necessary or required
for transmitting motive power for various purposes, and also vice
versa for transmitting and changing circular motion into rectilineal
reciprocatory motion in and for motive-power engines, and many other
useful machines and purposes, such as the actuating of pumps; planing,
slotting, and nibbling; machine tools; punching, shearing, rivet making
and rivetting machines; the tables and pressing surfaces of printing,
embossing, and stamping machines, brick making and other compress-
ing machines, and other such heavy machines and tools in which the
reciprocatory motion has generally to be taken from the central or
body part of a long shaft or line of shafts by a crank or cranks formed
thereon, or by large eccentrics and straps and their connecting rods,
all as at present constructed and used, which involve considerable
complication and inconvenience and great expense as compared with

page_text: the improvements under my said Invention for accomplishing the same
or like purposes.
And my said Invention consists essentially and particularly under
one modification, construction, or form of an eccentric ring or annular
recess or groove or a projecting rim formed laterally in or on a disc or
web with a boss or eye keyed or otherwise secured to the revolving
shaft, whether it be that [of the actuated or actuating shaft, for any of
the adaptations or purposes herein stated, or to which it is applicable
under my said Invention. A segmental bearing and oscillating block
or link is made to work into the "annular eccentric recess
or groove,
or over the " eccentric rim," having a pin projecting out laterally from
it, which is, by preference, directly connected to the rod, frame, or other
part of the machine, which is required to reciprocate rectilineally by a
bush into which it works or oscillates along with the bearing block or
otherwise, the pin, which may be termed the "eccentric reciprocating
pin," may be attached to the reciprocatory part of the machine, and
have its bush or working bearing hole formed in the segmental bearing
piece or link, which will thus oscillate on the pin, in this case instead
of in the bush of the reciprocating part as in the first case in which the
pin is formed or fixed on itself as the eccentric and revolving shaft
turns round whether the shaft is actuated by or is actuating the
reciprocating part. It is preferred to guide the reciprocating rod or
parts of the machines by any of the present parallel guides or motions
at present used for the like purpose in a line through or crossing the
axis of the shaft radially and at right angles to it on one side. And
when only one rod is so worked in the same plane it may be made
double or forked at its free end so as to embrace and work on cach side
of the revolving shaft towards the other side, which would thus form
a simple and satisfactory parallel motion for the reciprocating rod or
part. The reciprocating rod or part may also, when desired, work
tangentially to the eccentric ring or annular recess at right angles to
the radial reciprocatory action of the eccentric pin, which in this case
would be connected to the reciprocatory rod or part by a connecting
rod, the free end of which would oscillate as nearly radially or at right
angles to the motion of the reciprocating part, as possible, or the pin
might be made to work in a transverse slot formed in the reciprocating
rod or frame at right angles to its motion and radially to the shaft at
half stroke, the reciprocating part in this case also being guided by any
of the usual parallel guiding mechanical motions or arrangements

page_text: heretofore used for the like purpose. When different lengths of stroke
or "throw" of the eccentric pin and its reciprocating connections are
required, it is preferred to have the eccentric hollow ring or rim, and
its web or disc made large enough to give the maximum stroke desired
and have it fitted and secured by a moveable slide to a fixed slide on
the face of a disc or duplex arm with a strong boss firmly keyed or
otherwise fixed to the revolving shaft, so that the eccentric rim may
be shifted on the fixed slide and disc or arms to any less stroke or
"throw" or even to a concentric position with the shaft, when there
would be no motion of the pin and its attachments, and when desired
the centre of the eccentric could be moved in the same direction past
the centre of the shaft, and any minimum up to the maximum stroke
of the reciprocating pin and its connections thus obtained on the
other side of the shaft. Or otherwise, instead of a transverse fixed
and movable slide arrangement the eccentric ring may be made to
rotate in a curvilineal manner on the face of the fixed disc so as to
shift its axis to different radial positions and distances of stroke off the
centre as required in some cases for working the valves of steam
engines for stopping and reversing their motion; or otherwise the
disc and boss with eccentric ring either formed on it or firmly fixed
to it may be made to shift to different positions round the shaft in the
same manner that ordinary eccentrics have heretofore been arranged
and made for the like purpose of reversing the motion of motive-power
engines.
These improvements in changing and transmitting rectilineal
reciprocatory motion and force into circular motion and force in motive-
power engines and other machinery, and vice versa, give great facility
for having or obtaining regular or nearly regular or rotatory motion and
circular force in the revolving shaft, while yet deriving its circular
motion by rectilineal reciprocatory motion, or vice versa, while giving
such reciprocating motion to parts of machines, all by the eccentric
reciprocating pins, and their actuating and bearing blocks. When
several of these are used in connection with the same revolving shaft
being arranged either at equal angles and distances round the shaft,
and one eccentric ring in nearly the same transverse plane, or in
different planes and eccentric rings ranged along the shaft at any
desired distances or different longitudinal radial planes, but having
the eccentrics so set or fixed on the shaft that their axis and
reciprocating pins, rods or frames and connections shall be carried to

page_text: their longest or shortest distance of stroke or "throw" as nearly
regular as possible, in equal angles and distances radially round the
shaft as possible so as to equalize or balance the speed and forces
and strains as nearly as possible at all points or parts of the revolution
of the shaft; and when desired the weight of the eccentric ring
might be balanced and made to form a fly wheel or driving belt pulley,
or power transmitting toothed wheel at its outer periphery.
Having thus so far described my said Invention and its nature in
writing, I will now proceed to describe the several Figures on the
three Sheets of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for the
purpose of clearly showing the same, and also the best manner which
I am at present aware of for performing or putting it into practice.
Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1, are a sectional elevation and plan
respectively of a horizontal and six cylinder steam engine, constructed
in accordance with and illustrative of one modification and practical
application or adaptation thereto of my said Invention; and Figures 3
and 4 are transverse sections of the same taken on the lines 1-1, and
2-2, through the exhaust and steam passages of one cylinder, and the
sole plate in Figures 1 and 2 respectively, while Figure 5 is a plan
of the "annular eccentric" detached, with the "bearing and oscillating
blocks" and their "reciprocating pins," all set in position as agreeing
to Figure 2, and showing the end of one piston rod directly attached
to its pin.
Referring to this modification, Figures 1 to 5, the motive power
revolving shaft a is placed vertically, working in a proper footstep
bearing in the centre of the cross arms of the large circular sole
plate b, and in a journal bush bearing in the centre of the arms of
the circular frame or entablature c, firmly secured to and supported by
six columns bolted to the main sole plate b, between the cylinders d,
also six in number, bolted down horizontally by back flanges to the
top of the outer strong part of the main sole plate of the frame b,
formed hollow, with or by the annular exhaust and steam chambers
or conduits e and respectively, common to all the cylinders d, which
are ranged with their piston rods g working out radially towards the
shaft a, and at equal distances and angles round the sole plate b, having
the chambers e and f communicating direct through exhaust and steam
passages and f³, formed in the central belt or casing round its
cylinder d, leading from the interior of the slide valve h, and into the

page_text: valve steam casing i, all respectively so that the one exhaust pipe e
may serve for all the cylinders, and that the steam may be supplied
to the whole by the one branch and regulating or stop valve f³,
controlled by any ordinary construction of governor worked from the
main shaft a, or on it as the governor spindle itself, if preferred, by
any of the usual means heretofore employed for that purpose. The
sliding cross head clutch or block g', of each piston rod g, which
reciprocates radially in parallel guides in the strong armed frame j,
bolted to the ends of the cylinders d, is directly connected to the side
nearest to it of the before mentioned new or improved "annular
eccentric" A constructed in this modification with a single annular
eccentric groove A' sunk in the upper face of the eccentric disc or
wheel A, keyed on the lower part of the shaft a by the before-
mentioned new or improved "oscillating and reciprocating bearing
block B and its "reciprocating connecting pin" C. This pin C is
held fast in the sliding block g¹ by the cotter which fixes the latter
to the piston rod g, so that the bearing block oscillates on the pin C,
to suit all positions or angles of the eccentric A while it is being
driven round by the force of the steam on all the pistons, transmitted
through the rods and pins C, pushing or drawing the blocks B
against the inner or outer periphery of the "annular eccentric" groove A¹
at all points of the circle, except when the axial line A-a of the
eccentric A, Figures 2 and 5, is in a line with the direct line of
motion of two opposite reciprocating rods g and pins C across the axis
of the shaft a, in which position the piston of these rods will be on
their dead point at the two opposite ends of their stroke, and therefore
at this time have no power; but at this time the other four pistons
have nearly their greatest collective power possible when so connected;
and as the angle and distance between these points, through which
all the six pistons arc forcing, is correspondingly less to the number
of pistons, and also the variation of power during the shorter distance
and time of such change, so that a most uniform and powerful circular
motion will be given to the "annular eccentric" A and its shaft a,
proportional to the number of cylinders so connected. The slide
valves are also most conveniently worked by a small annular eccentric
A", having an eccentric throw equal to that required by the valve,
keyed and set on the motion shaft a, so as to reciprocate the valve to
give the steam at the proper time and end of the cylinder to suit the
position of the piston d' and the first main eccentric A and direction

page_text: of its motion required, all (in the converse manner to that described
in reference to the main eccentric A) by reciprocating the oscillating
blocks B in its groove with the connecting pin C, fixed in the end
of the valve sliding rods ", which work in the slotted ring guide
supported from the main slide frame j by the standards j¹, the sliding
rods being directly cottered to the valve rods ¹. The whole making
a most simple, compact, light, and powerful engine, with nearly the
regularity of motion and other advantages of the rotatory engine, and
the well known advantages of the reciprocating cylinder engine for
durability of the packing and working parts. It is preferred to balance
the eccentric A. by a weighted disc D, where the weight and velocity
is considerable, keyed or otherwise fixed or formed on it. This periphery
of the disc D, may in some cases, when desired, be made concentric
to the revolving axis, and be formed as a pulley or as a toothed wheel
for communicating motion from or to its revolving shaft as a, according
as it is the motive or driven shaft; or it may be made and fitted as
a break wheel for stopping the shaft when desired also. The fast
revolving and bearing journals and bushes or blocks are preferred to
be lubricated by recesses round the back of the bushes, as shown in
the footstep and top journal bearings of the shaft a at b' and c',
respectively; or by recesses formed in the bearing or working parts,
as shown at 3, 3, in the blocks B and g', Figure 5, which recesses
are filled with oil or other lubricating material, which enter to the
bearing surfaces through small holes pierced for the purpose, used
with capillary wicks or not, as desired. It will be obvious although
the arrangement shown and described in reference to Figures 1 to 5
has been described as a horizontal engine with six cylinders, that such
engines might be made with from one to eight cylinders, and be
erected with a horizontal shaft and vertical framing, with nearly equal
advantages, when desired; and instead of its being a motive power
engine the shaft a, whether placed vertically or horizontally, might
be driven by wheels or pulleys or other means, or by direct engine
power, or by one, two, or three cylinders in the manner described by
these my said improvements, and made to actuate single or double-
acting pumps arranged radially round it analogous to that of the
cylinders; the rods (as g or h¹) of which would then be reciprocated
by the revolution of the "eccentric" A, and "reciprocating and oscil-
lating block" B, and "connecting pin" C, by the revolution of the
shaft a and eccentric B, which would make a compact arrangement

page_text: of pumps, which might be made to draw and discharge the water
from and into two conduits common to all the pumps, analagous to
exhaust and steam conduits e, f, shown in Figures 1 to 4.
Figures 6 to 10 on Sheet 1 are various sectional elevations and face
views detached of several modifications of the new and improved
annular eccentric A. and its connections, somewhat different from that
described in the former Figures, and suitable where steady and powerful
action is required and heavy machinery to be moved. Figure 6 has
two annular eccentric grooves A' exactly alike formed in opposite faces
of the two separate eccentric discs or wheels A keyed or otherwise
fixed on their revolving shaft a so that the grooves A' coincide con-
centrically opposite each other with the reciprocating connecting pin C
and projecting end g" of the sliding cross head ' working between
them; the two opposite ends of the pin C projecting laterally into
the bearings of the oscillating block B, the cross head g being
extended laterally in both directions so as to work in a pair of guides j
on the outer side of each of the eccentrics A, and, when preferred, both
grooves A' and the discs A in which they are formed might be cast or
formed on one strong eye or boss; or otherwise, when desired, the two
eccentric grooves A' might, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, be formed in
the two opposite outside faces of one disc or eccentric A and have two
connecting pins C fixed into two projecting parts g" of the cross head
working loose in the oscillating and reciprocating bearing blocks B of
the two grooves, the other parts being much the same as in the last
modification.
In the modification shown in face view and sectional edge view,
Figures 9 and 10 respectively, the eccentric A is formed with a duplex
annular rim A' at the outer periphery projecting laterally on each side
of the disc A or web of the eccentric A (but it might also be made
single to project only on one side), having a strong bearing block B
working on the outer periphery, kneed on each side so as to carry two
lateral journals C₁ or pins for it to oscillate in the slides g" or ends of
the cross heads g'; the two inner end bearing blocks B' being cottered
to the outside block B at the kneed ends inside the swivelling bearing
journals C', and by which cotter the bearing surfaces are tightened up.
Figures 11 and 12 show a face view and edge section of a bearing
oscillating block B having two brass or bush metal bearing surfaces
B', B', attached to it for working on the interior peripherys of the

page_text: groove A' of the eccentric A, the one piece B by preference screwed or
otherwise made fast to the block B, but the other B' is attached loosely
by a feather and a groove into the block B, pressed out and tightened up
for wear as it gets slack by a cotter 4 inserted behind the feather and
block, half sunk into both of them.
Figures 13 and 14 on Sheet 2 are respectively a longitudinal elevation
partly in section, and an end view of a two cylinder vertical steam
engine and set of three vacuum pumps, such as are suitable for
exhausting close sugar pans or boilers constructed and arranged in
accordance with and illustrative of one modification and adaptation of
my said Invention, both for transmitting and changing rectilineal
reciprocatory motion of motive-power engines into circular motion,
and vice versa the circular motion of the revolving or driven shaft into
rectilineal reciprocatory motion for actuating the rods and buckets /
of pumps.
a is the first motion or revolving shaft of the engine
carried from the sole plate 6 by bearings c¹ in the top of the two strong
end or side standards c³, bolted to the sole plate and stay or "tied"
together by the two malleable iron side rods c". The two steam.
cylinders d are sunk into the sole plate 6 at the ends and bolted down
thereto with their steam valves and casing, all much of a usual con-
struction, but having the sliding cross heads at their respective
pistons and piston rods which reciprocate in their guidesj directly
attached by bush bearings g' to the pins C rivetted or fixed into the
oscillating blocks B which work in the annular eccentric grooves A
formed in the counterbalanced disc D to act as fly wheels, so set or
keyed on the shaft a that the one piston and eccentric will be at about
half stroke when the other is on the dead centre at the end of its
stroke, as shown in this position on the left and right sides of Figure 13,
shown in elevation and section respectively, and at half stroke in
Figure 14 corresponding to the left side of former Figure. The
pumps are ranged below the axial line of the shaft a with their
actuating eccentrics A", (of the same general construction as the two
modifications shown and described in reference to Figures 1 to 5) for
actuating the engine shaft and valve keyed over them with their
eccentric axis at equal angles and distances round the shaft, as shown
dotted in, in Figure 14. The oscillating bearing block B" working in
the groove A' has the reciprocating connecting pin C fixed in it, so
that the block B" oscillates by the pin working in a loose bushed
bearing in the sliding connecting rod of the pump rod directly

page_text: attached to the bucket of the pump k, while a long slot in the top
of the rod works over the main shaft a which by a holding and
guiding washer, secured to the shaft by a pinching screw ³, forms a
simple and efficient parallel slide for the pump rod, and the other
reciprocaking parts. In this arrangement of revolving shaft as
a,
in Figure 13 and 14, the piston rods of the two cylinders might be
made to work into the eccentric groove A of the one fly wheel D, and
cach eccentric A" might be made to drive two pumps by placing two
of these at an angle to each other, under each eccentric instead of
the upright one shown and described, connected in all respects as
described by a pin C" and scillating block B" of their own, or otherwise
the rod of a second piston or pump might be connected above or on the
opposite side of the rods g and ', or their sliding blocks g¹ or ", so as
to work the shaft or be worked by it, and thus work with double the
power and "effective work" by the same pins C, Cu, and block B
and B" all respectively, but in this case the added piston rod would
require to be forked or have two piston rods on the opposite side to
pass the shaft, which might or might not both work through the
stuffing boxes into their cylinder as desired. And for adding additional
power to any such shaft one or two cylinders could be so attached
direct at any time when required, in many cases where neither a cranks
or overhung disc could be available for attaching the connecting rods
of the usual construction of engines without a second shaftend
connecting gearing, and the eccentrics A might be coupled to the
shaft instead of keyed, and the auxiliary, engines would then be casily
put into or out of gear or action, or the cross head could be dis-
connected.
Figure 15 is a side elevation of a nibbling machine constructed in
accordance with and illustrative of one modification and adaptation of
my said Invention as applied thereto, and to similar tools, many of the
parts being left out which bear no immediate reference to my improve-
ments. In this case the ram or reciprocating tool frame is double-
acting, having a tool-holding head at each end and double slide table
below each, and is worked in its slides formed on the top at cach
side of the frame by the annular eccentric A mounted by a strong
slide E close under the ram to the screw slide E' on the top of the
vertical actuated shaft a of the machine, revolving in a footstep, and
deep bush and collar bearing in the centre of the frame, actuated from
the horizontal cone pulley shaft below by the bevel wheels m¹.

page_text: Figure 16 shows a plan of the annular eccentric A and its carrying
crosshead E detached, the sliding screw E" of which shifts the
eccentric A³ to produce any desired range of traverse within the
limit for which the parts are constructed. When the eccentric A° is
thus set by the screw E" it is fixed to the crosshead E' by either
the pinching screws E of the slides or by the larger screw bolt and
nut E, when the revolution of the shaft a and hollow annular
eccentric A will reciprocate the bearing block B' and connected pin C
on which the block oscillates so as to move the ram or tool frame
to and fro in a simple and direct manner from a driven revolving shaft
most suitable for many other such machine tools, such as moving the
tables of planing machinces, and horizontal cutting, shearing, com-
pressing, and shaping machines, for the manufacture of vessels and
other hollow and solid articles out of sheet and bar metal and
Approximately shaped blocks; also capable of being applied to such
machines where they are worked or reciprocated vertically or angularly
by horizontal revolving shafts and vertical eccentric dises; and when
sp arranged one long horizontal shaft might be made to actuate the
or reciprocating bars or frames of a range or set of such
machines, whether ranged with the shaft passing through the recipro-
cating part with the actuating eccentric of cach close up to it, or
otherwise having the shaft as a revolving and disposed some little
distances above or out from the reciprocating part 7, and having the
actuating disc some little distance out from the same laterally, so as
to allow a connecting rod working between them with one end
connected to the pin C of the oscillating bearing block B and the
other end to a fixed stud L' in the opposite side of the reciprocating
frame or ram, so as to move it or them at right angles to the direction
of the true line of traverse through the axis of the shaft and that of
the eccentric, as shown in red lines in the diagram, Figure 17.
rams
Figure 18 shows the elevation of the upper part of an ordinary
pillar slotting machine to illustrate the application of my said improve-
ments to the actuating the ram or tool-holding slide frame by a
modification of the arrangement described in reference to Figures 15
and 16, but having the shaft a in the usual horizontal position with
the eccentric disc and attachment instead of the usual crank or disc
pin and connecting rod. This improved arrangement of the annular
eccentric A and its connections is also applicable for the working of
punching head and slide blocks of punching and sheering machines and

page_text: other pressing machines where the motion of the frame or bar is
required to be vertical.
Figures 19 and 20, on Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, are
respectively a side or end and front elevation of the frame and main
parts of a more comprehensive form of slotting machine than that
shown and described in reference to Figure 18, sufficient to show the
nature and manner of performing my said Invention in this modi-
fication and adaptation of the same thereto. The framing of the
machine consists of the main longitudinal planed and slide bed b and
the two strong end or side upright frames or standards c, in the front
and upper part of (which the main horizontal shaft a revolves in long
bush bearings, actuated by the spur wheel a¹ on its overhanging end
from the usual pinion and cone pulley shaft or shafts a', and therefore
not required fully to be shown in the Drawings. The horizontal shaft
works through a long slot in the reciprocating rams or tool frames
working vertically in the upper and lower slides ", traversed longi-
tudinally in the two long screw slide frames 1, firmly secured to the
two end standards c, sufficiently above and below the shaft to admit
of the annular eccentric A* and its cross slide E¹ revolving clear of
them, which in this case is carried and actuated by a feather in its large
hollow boss F working in a long slot or feather seat on the shaft a,
all so that the simultaneous turning of the two screw spindles by
any of the usual bevel or screw wheel feeding arrangements traverses
the tool frame 1, and carries its actuating eccentric A along with it,
all constructed as described in reference to Figures 15 and 16 by the
bearing bracket secured to the upper slide for that purpose, and
for steadying and supporting the strain of the shaft a at the boss F
of the eccentric A. Two or more tool frames may be thus mounted
and worked on such a machine, cach having a duplex slide and
revolving feed and holding table rest upon the bed slide b, so that
such a machine could be slotting and shaping many articles to a similar
shape at the same time, or many parts of one large article to a like
shape at the same time, which is not accomplished by the usual
construction of slotting machines and modes of actuating them.
Figures 21 and 22 are a side and front clevation respectively of a
rivet-making machine constructed in accordance with and illustrative
of one modification or adaptation of my said Invention as applied
thereto. In this arrangement motion is given to the revolving and

page_text: compressing shaft a through the wheel pinion a' by the actuating
shaft a carried in their strong bush bearings c' and cat the top
and back, all respectively of the main side standards c bolted to the
sole plate b, and secured together by the strong supporting rail c
carrying the revolving table shaper or bolster o, constructed and actuated
as in the usual lever and crank shaft machine, and below by the
guide stay of the sliding and compressing ram 1, carrying a die for
shaping the head of the rivets as they come round in the shaping
and feeding table o. The rivets and heads are formed by the pins
C of the cross head g of the pressing slide working in the blocks
B of the two annular eccentrics A keyed and actuated as further
described in reference to Figure 6 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying
Drawings, one at every revolution of the shaft a; the whole forming
a most complete machine.
Figures 23 and 21 are a side elevation and plan respectively of a
rivetting machine illustrative of one modification of my said Invention,
the shaft a actuated by motive power direct or otherwise works
vertically in a strong bush bearing c¹, c", in the central part of
the framing c in which the ram or pressing frame carrying the
movable dies through the slides close over the annular eccentric
A keyed on the top of the shaft a so as to move the ram to and
fro with great force every revolution of the shaft a and eccentric by
the strong pin C screwed fast into the pressing ram having its
point working down into a bearing block B of the annular groove
A of the eccentric A constructed and actuated as described in
reference to Figure 5, on Sheet 1, or otherwise instead of the bush
block B an antifriction roller might work on the pin with its out-
side circumference working and rolling on the two sides or peripherys
of the hollow groove A'; or the blocks B might be made to roll on
the peripherys of the grooves A (instead of bearing on them as
heretofore shown and described) by antifriction rollers G working on
pins Gin recesses through the sides of the blocks B as shown in the
diagram view Figure 25, the rollers being dotted in position, and this
roller or rolling block arrangement may be used instead of the rubbing
or bearing blocks B in these my improvements when preferred. The
pressure given against the pin C in forcing the ram is received on
the disengaging bolster or wedge p which is withdrawn or inserted
at pleasure by the hand lever P¹ carried on the one side of the ram;
or when preferred a vertically acting lever might be made to with-

page_text: draw or insert the actuating pin C itself out of the eccentric A, and
when a greater number or row of rivets were desired to be compressed
at once a wide ram frame might be used actuated by two eccentrics
so as to work simultaneously at each side of the frame by coupled
gearing on their shafts.
Figure 26 is a front elevation of a stamping or embossing press
showing an adaptation of my said Invention to the actuating of such
broad pressing surfaces or plates q, the shaft a of which carries the
two actuating annular eccentrics A keyed on it close up to the
bearings in the top of the standards c firmly secured to the table
sole plate, or framing 6 carrying the screw bed b' and pressure re-
ceiving surfaces. The eccentric axis of both eccentrics A are set in
the same plane through the axis of the shaft so that the annular
grooves A coincide with each other and therefore receive and actuate
the pins C and their oscillating and reciprocating block B truly and
regularly at all parts of their motion, the projecting ends of the pins
being fixed laterally into strong snugs q' on the upper side of the
compressing plate q which is guided parallelly on the sido standards
or it may be by other equivalent guides, all so that the revolution of
the shaft a, as in the other cases, or the reciprocation of it by a
powerful lever or segmental wheel keyed on its outer over-hanging
end, or other equivalent means of giving it motion, would make a
good press for printing, embossing, stamping, or for pressing bricks
or tiles, or for working the wide frames carrying the cutting knives
of large shearing machines for boiler and ships' plates, or a good
mechanical motion for actuating large reciprocating frames such as
saw frames.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
my said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe that what I consider
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The general construction and arrangement of mechanism for
the transmitting and changing rectilineal reciprocatory motion into
circular motion, and vice versa, all substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings
or any mere modification thereof.

page_text: Second. The construction and use of "annular eccentrics' or dises
or wheels with eccentric grooves or rims and their "connecting reci.
"block"
procating pin" and "oscillating bearing or rolling bush,"
or "link," or roller for the transmitting and changing rectilineal
reciprocatory motion into circular motion, and vice versa, all substan-
tially in the new or improved manner herein described and shown
in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frame, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-cight.day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
JOHN FRAME. (L.S.)