IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES FOR BORING ROCK, CUTTING COAL, AND. BORING, CUTTING, OR WORKING IN OTHER MATERIAL, AND IN STANDS OR FRAMES FOR SUCH ENGINES, THE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER' PURPOSES.
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Bernard Doering, of Duke Street, in the
City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of" IMPROVEMENTS
IN ENGINES FOR BORING ROCK, CUTTING COAL, AND. BORING, CUTTING, OR
WORKING IN OTHER MATERIAL, AND IN STANDS OR FRAMES FOR SUCH
ENGINES, THE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER'
PURPOSES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frédérick Bernard Doring
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, 'on' the
10th June 1867.
:
I, FREDERICK BERNARD DORING, of Duke Street, in the City of West-
minster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES FOR BORING ROCK, CUTTING COAL, AND BORING,
CUTTING, OR WORKING IN OTHER MATERIAL, AND IN STANDS OR FRAMES FOR SUCH
ENGINES, THE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates, to engines for boring or working
rock or other material, and consists in employing the main cylinder of the
engine as a distributor of the compressed air or other fluid for operating the
pistons of other cylinders, as hereafter described. For this purpose I make
the main piston quadruple, that is to say, the piston rod carries four dividing
rings forming between them three chambers, the two outer rings constituting

page_text: the piston proper. The centre chamber forms the air distributor, and the two
outer chambers form the exhaust chambers for the other cylinders; the fore-
most chamber communicates by an aperture in the side of the piston rod with
a central channel in this rod, which channel is itself in communication with
the outer air beyond the front of the cylinder. The hindmost chiamber
communicates by a pipe carried through the two middle rings with the
foremost chamber,, and consequently with the outer air through the central
channel of the piston rod. The main cylinder, in addition to its ordinary
sports for working its piston, is formed with the following ports:-The first or
hindmost port is in communication by a pipe with the back end of a cylinder
for operating the advance movement of the engine, as described in a Pro-
-visional Specification filed by me on the 7th January 1867, No. 43; this
same port also communicates by a pipe with the front end of a cylinder for
operating the slide valve; the second port is for admitting compressed air
into the main cylinder between the two middle rings; the third port is in
communication by a pipe with the back end of the valve cylinder above
mentioned; and the fourth port is in communication by a pipe with the front
end of the cylinder of the advance movement. The first and third named
ports or additional ports may also be in communication respectively with
two ends of a cylinder for producing the rotary motion of the piston and tool,
as described in.iny said Provisional Specification of 7th January 1867, but I
prefer to produce this rotary motion by the following arrangement:-This
consists in attaching to the back end of the valve rod one arm of a bell crank,
which is centred on a transverse or weigh shaft, while its other end works in
a slot in or connected to a vertical rod in connection. with a paul for working]
the ratchet wheel of the rotary movement. The working of this engine with
the main cylinder acting as a distributor is as follows:-Supposing the piston
to have just completed a full forward stroke, compressed air admitted into the
middle chamber of the piston passes through the fourth-named port to the
front end of the cylinder of the advance movement, causing the piston therein
to make its back stroke, and thereby drawing the paul of the advance ratchet
wheel into the next tooth ready to act at the next back stroke of the main
piston compressed air likewise passes from the middle chainter through the
third-named port to the back end of the valve cylinder, thereby causing this
cylinder to draw the valve through and open the ordinary port for admitting
air into the front end of the main cylinder to produce the back stroke... In
the back stroke air adinitted by the second-named port passes from the middle
chamber through the first-named port to the back end of the advance move-
unt cylinder, driving its piston, and thus causing the paul to move the

page_text: advance ratchet wheel one tooth'; 'air 'also passes through the first port
to the end of the valve cylinder to operate the valve and thereby 'open
the ordinary port for the next forward. stroke of the main piston... Iu. the
forward-strokes of the main piston the fourth named port communicating with
the front end of the advance cylinder is not opened unless the tool has cut to
the required depth, and the piston of this cylinder therefore remains at the
front end, and the paul in connection: therewith is not pressed. back. ready to
act at the next back stroke of the main piston.; thus the 'ratchet wheel of the
advance movement is not moved except when the tool has cut to the required
depth; but the ratchet wheel of the rotary movement being worked. from. the
valve rod is moved the distance of one tooth during every back stroke of the
main piston. If the cylinder of the advance movement is vertical on. inclined
a spring may if necessary: be applied to hold the piston.at the front end of the
cylinder until the power of the spring is overcome by, the air from the fourth
named port, but the spring of the paul will generally be found sufficient for
this
purpose.
I 4
A modification of the arrangement before described is as follows.On the
small side of all the small pistons I maintain a cushion. of. air,..which; in:: the
valve and rotary motion cylinders is overcome as. required. by compressed: air
from a port in the main cylinder, while the advance movement cylinder::is not
able to act until its larger area side is exhausted.by a port in the main-cylinder:
being sufficiently opened by the forward movement of the main piston, or the:
piston of the advance cylinder may be operated by pressure on the larger-side.
of its piston from a port in the main cylinder; as before described; in: this
modification only one exhaust chamber is necessary in the main piston,, and
a constant pressure upon the sinall side of the main piston, may also be
maintained:
...
Another form of valve adapted for use when steam or other heated fluid is:
employed is made by applying four rings on the. valve rod, these rings forming:
between them three chambers; the central chamber constitutes the valve
proper and the other chambers the exhaust, the two outside rings forming the>
valve piston.
The next part of my Invention-relates to engines for cutting or working ins
coal; rock; or any other mineral, and to the stands or fraines for the saine; I.
employ two vertical columns, each mounted on a separate frame provided with
wheels; these columns are preferably formed with. rings, as described in the
Specification of my Letters Patent of 9th November 1866, No. 2922, and as:
shewn in Figure 5 of the Drawings annexed to the same. The columns are:
fixed by wedges or otherwise,-and-each carries an adjustable:vertical.:collar:

page_text: formed in a piece with or clamped or bolted to a horizontal collar, through
which an adjustable bar or beam formed with rings or rack teeth is carried,
all as shewn in the said Figure 5. The columns are secured at the necessary
distance apart, and between one end of the bar or beam of one column and
one end of that of the other column I fit two horizontal supports for the
engine; these supports are preferably made hollow, and one of them is formed
externally with a rack, the other acting as a guide; between them is a hori
zontal toothed wheel which is free to slide up and down upon the shaft of a
ratchet wheel for the advance movement; this shaft is either formed square.
or with a feather. The ratchet wheel is worked by a paul'in connection with
a small cylinder, the piston of which is operated from the air distributor of
the main cylinder, in the manner described under the first part of this:
Invention, or otherwise. The spindle on which the ratchet and toothed wheels:
are: mounted depends from the engine, while the. bottom of the spindle is
supported by a bracket carried down from the engine outside one of the
supports. The engine is fitted at right angles to the supports, and, as the.
ratchet wheel moves the toothed wheel the latter gears into the rack.of
the support, and the engine thereby receives a crab or sideways..motion.along:
the supports. To throw the toothed wheel-out of gear 1 pivot a. lever to the
bracket so that by lowering the outer end of the lever the. inner end lifts. the
toothed wheel on the shaft of the ratchet wheel; a pin or projection on
the bracket limits the upward movement. of: the outer end of the lever. In
some cases I. employ only one vertical column,. and secure one end of the
engine supports to the side of the gallery by screws or otherwise, the other end
being supported by the column.
. I do not limit myself to the employment of two horizontal supports for the
When I employ only
engine, as any other convenient number may be used.
one column I use.a. small carriage to support the opposite end of the supports
when the frame is moved back.
The next part of my Invention. also relates to engines or machinery for
cutting or working in coal or any other mineral.
My improvements under this part consist in an arrangement for moving the
engine up and down upon the vertical column, and to an arrangement for
moving the stand or frame forward as the cutting proceeds. The frame or
stand has a vertical column on which a vertical collar is fitted, this collar
being formed in a piece with a horizontal collar carrying an adjustable bar or
beam supporting the engine, as before explained; and the vertical column has
a removable feather to take into a slot in the column to prevent it turning
thereon. My arrangement for moving the engine up and down upon the

page_text: vertical column consists in the employment of a small cylinder and other
parts arranged and acting as follows:-The valve of this cylinder when the
tools have cut to the required depth is, by preference, actuated from the air
distributor of the engine, or from a port in the cylinder, as in the modification
described under the first part of this Invention, and the forward end of this
piston is forked to receive the tail piece of a large double paul. Between the
two portions of this paul a double ratchet wheel is fitted in such manner that
one or other of the two portions of the paul is always in gear with the corre-
sponding portion of the ratchet wheel; the ratchet wheel is on the same shaft
as a worm which gears into a worm wheel on the shaft of a pinion carried by
the vertical collar before named, and this pinion gears into a rack or rings on
the vertical column. The double paul is free to be moved on a pivot to cause
either portion to act as required, and it is secured in the required position by
pins or otherwise. When one portion of the paul takes into the corresponding
portion of the ratchet wheel every stroke of the piston of the small cylinder
causes the paul to move the ratchet wheel one tooth, and thereby moves the
worm, worm wheel, pinion, and collar gradually up or down the column,
together with the engine until oue end of the column is reached, then by
reversing the double paul and causing its other portion to take into the other
portion of the ratchet wheel, the ratchet wheel and other parts are caused to
move in the opposite direction until the other end of the column is reached,
and so on up and down the column as required. If required I fit two stop
pauls to take into the ratchet wheel, one for each portion of the wheel;
these may be put into and out of position as required by pins, a cam, or
otherwise.
I do not limit, myself to the particular arrangement described for moving
the collar up and down by motion obtained from the small cylinder, as friction
clutches or other convenient gearing may be employed.
My arrangement for moving the stand or frame forward as the cutting.
proceeds consists in fitting a small cylinder in the lower part of the frame, the
valve of which cylinder is worked from the air distributor of the engine,. or.
from a port in the engine cylinder, and the piston of which carries a paul.
taking into a ratchet wheel on the axle of the wheels of the frame. When
the cutting or working tools have cut to the required depth the piston of this
cylinder makes a forward stroke and moves the frame forward. Instead of
the paul and ratchet wheel friction clutches or other convenient gearing may
be employed. Sometimes I employ another small cylinder at the top of 'the
vertical. column and worked simultaneously with the cylinder last described ;.
this additional cylinder being for the purpose of moving forward a pulley

page_text: which is kept against the top of the gallery by means of a piston in the
vertical column...
:
The next part of my Invention consists in employing a boiler on the frame
or stand as a support or strut for horizontal beams carried from the top of the
vertical columns; also in fitting in the lower part of the frame the tanks
containing water for cooling the tools and clearing out the debris. I take,
say, two vertical columns at the front of the frame, each carrying an engine,
as before explained; these columns are supported at the bottom on a trans-
*verse plate near the front end of the longitudinal side beams; near the back.
end of these side beams I mount a boiler, and from the tops of the vertical
columns I carry horizontal beams. preferably of angle iron, the rear ends of
'which I secure to the sides of the upper part of the boiler; which thus forms a
strut or support for these beams at this end; in addition to these beams
diagonal or transverse bracing rods or bars may also be employed to increase
'the strength of the horizontal beams. In order to bring the centre of gravity
of the frame as low as possible I place the water tank or tanks between the
longitudinal side beams a few inches from the rails, and as near the front of
the frame as convenient. A pump worked by steam from the boiler draws
water from the tank and forces it through hose leading to the tools, the pump
being in connection with an air vessel; so that a continuous stream or supply
may be maintained. The engine which works the pump may also be employed
for moving the frame forward when required, proper gearing being provided
for the purpose. This.pump may also be employed to feed the boiler. I secure
or clamp the frame at any required position on the rails by apparatus consisting
of a vertical threaded rod working through a nut fixed to one of the side
beams; the upper end of the rod is provided with a hand wheel while .its
lower end has a hook jointed thereto; the rod is lowered the necessary
distance for the hook to be placed under the rail, and then the rod is raised to
tighten the hook; I fit one or more of these apparatus to each side beam.
Sometimes I operate the clamp or hook by a lever or other appliance instead
of or in combination with the threaded rod.
.:
The next part of my Invention relates to the stands or frames for, boring
engines in which a column carries a vertical collar fixed to a horizontal collar
through which a horizontal beam passes, as shown in Figure 5 of. my said
Specification of 9th Novéuiber 1866. My Invention herein consists in fitting
on the end of this beam a third collar for supporting a second beam at right
angles to the first; this second beam carries the bow or saddle, which
supports the engine, and the two beams are round, and each is free to
turn on its own axis, so that the bow or saddle may be moved into. any

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Bernard Doering in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th December 1867.
Ay 1
it
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
BERNARD DŒERING, of Duke, Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, send greeting:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and. successors, give and grant, unto me, the said
Frederick Bernard Doering, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
Bernard Doering, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others a
I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and yend; within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel, Islands, and Isle of Man, an, Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES FOR BORING ROCK, CUTTING COAL, AND BORING,
CUTTING, OR WORKING IN OTHER MATERIAL. AND IN STANDS. OR FRAMES FOR SUCH
ENGINES, THE IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES BEING PARTLY. APPLICABLE TO OTHER

page_text: I
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)" that I, the said Frederick
Bernard Doering, my exécutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and 'cause the same to be filed in the 5
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months' next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, do hereby
'declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the 1
following statement 'thereof, reference being had to the Drawings 'hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention relates to engines for boring or working in
rock or other material, and consists in employing the main cylinder of the
engine as a distributor of the compressed air or other fluid for operating the 1
pistons of the other cylinders, as hereafter described. . .
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section through the centre of the
main cylinder, and Figure 2, Sheet 1, a rear elevation of an engine constructed
according to this part of my Invention.
I make the main piston quadruple, that is to say, the piston rod carries four a
dividing rings a, b, c, d, forming between them three chambers, the two outer
rings a, d, constituting the piston proper; the centre chamber forms the air
distributor, and the two outer chambers form the exhaust chambers for the
other cylinders; the foremost chamber communicates by an aperture in the
side of the piston rod with a central channel e in this rod, which channel is
itself in communication with the outer air beyond the front of the cylinder, as
shown; the hindmost chamber communicates by a pipe f carried through
the two middle rings with the foremost chamber, and consequently with the
outer air through the central chamber e; the main cylinder in addition to its
ordinary ports g, h, for working its piston is formed with the following ports:
The first or hindmost port i is in conimunication by a pipe with the back
end of the cylinder P for operating the advance movement of the engine, as
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the 7th
January 1867, No. 48; this same port also communicates by a pipe with the
front end of a cylinder & for operating the slidė valve; the second-port / is for
admitting compressed air into the main cylinder between the two middle rings
b, c; the third port m is in communication by a pipe with the back end of
the valve cylinder k, and the fourth port n is in communication by a pipe with
the front end of the cylinder P'of the advance movement: The first and third

page_text: named ports and m or additional, ports may also be in communication
respectively with the, two ends of a cylinder for producing the rotary motion
of the piston and tool, as described in the Specification of my said Letters
Patent of 7th January 1867; but I prefer to produce this rotary motion by
the following arrangement:-This consists in attaching to the back end of the
valve rod one arm of a bell crank.o which is centred on a transverse or weigh
shaft
P,
while its other end works in a slot in or is connected to a vertical rod
in connection with à paul X for working the ratchet wheel I of the rotary
movement. The working of this engine with the main cylinder acting as a
distributor is as follows:-Supposing the piston to have just completed a full
forward stroke, compressed air admitted into the middle chamber of the
piston passes through the port n to the front end of the cylinder P. of the
advance. movement, causing the piston therein to make its back stroke, and
thereby drawing the paul of the advance ratchet wheel into the next tooth
ready to act at the next back stroke of the main piston; compressed.air
likewise passes from the middle chamber through the third named port m to
the back end of the valve cylinder k, thereby causing this cylinder. to draw
the valve through and open the ordinary port 9. for admitting air.iuto.the
front end of the main cylinder to produce the back stroke; in the back stroke
air admitted by the port 1 passes from the middle chamber through the port i
to the back end of the cylinder P, driving its piston, and thus causing the
paul to move the advance ratchet wheel one tooth and advance the engine;
air also passes through the port i to the end of the cylinder.k to. operate the
valve, and thereby open the ordinary port h for the next forward stroke of the
main piston. In the forward strokes. of the main piston the port n communi-
cating with the front end of the advance cylinder P is not opened unless the
tool has cut to the required depth, and the piston of this cylinder therefore
remains at the front end, and the paul in connection therewith is not pressed
back ready to act at the next back stroke of the main piston; thus the ratchet
wheel of the advance movement is not moved, except when the tool has cut to
the required depth; but the ratchet wheel of the rotary movement being worked
from the valve rod is moved the distance of one tooth during every back stroke
of the main piston. If the cylinder of the advance movement is vertical or
inclined a spring may if necessary, be applied to hold the piston at. the front
end of the cylinder until the power of the spring is overcome by the air from
the port:n; but the spring of the paul will generally be found sufficient for
the purpose.
L
:
Sometimes, instead of the bar Z, Figure 1, I employ a piston rod at
the back of the main piston, which rod extends. through the back end of the

page_text: cylinder and is provided with a feather, or is formed square to take into a
gland formed with: a ratchet wheel.' In this case the pipe f may be dispensed
with, and instead thereof I form a passage. from the hindmost chamber of
the piston into the piston rod and carry this passage out through the back end
of the piston rod.
:
1: :
A. modification of the arrangement before described is as follows:-On the
small side of all the small pistons I maintain. cushion or. constant. pressure of
air, which in thé. valve and rotary motion cylinders:: is, overcome as required
by compressed air from a port in the main cylinder, while the advance move-
ment cylinder is not able to act until its larger area side is exhausted.by a
port in the main cylinder being sufficiently. opened by the forward movement
of the main piston; or the piston of the advance cylinder. may be operated by
pressure on the larger.side of its piston from a port. in the main cylinder, as
before described... In this modification only one exhaust chamber is necessary
in the main piston; and a constant pressure upon the small side of the main
piston may also be maintained.
+
This: modification is represented in longitudinal section in. Figure.3, Sheet 2,
and in rear elevation in Figure 3. The main. cylinder in addition to the
ordinary, ports. g, h, has. two ports d, f, in communication respectively.with
the back of the. valve. of the cylinder and with the back of the cylinder. P
of the advance.movement. The main cylinder has also a central main supply
port in constant communication with the fluid supply. The piston rod
carries three pistons a, b, c, forming. between them. two chambers; the forward
chamber communicates with the outer air by a passage, e,. the: hindmust
chamber always carries compressed. air.. A constant pressure is maintained
against the forward end of the valve, the rod of which carries four pistons; the
two outer pistons forming the. valve piston proper, while the others close and
open at the proper times the ports leading to the main piston; the forward
valve..piston.is.of smaller area than its back-piston. A constant pressure is
likewise maintained at the front of the. advance, movement cylinder. P....As the
main piston is making its forward.stroke the port d is put into communication
by the back chamber of the main piston with the. main supply port '7; the
fluid thus flows to the back of the valve cylinder, where acting upon a greater
area, than is acted upon by the..constant pressure at the front it moves the
valve forward; this puts the main supply L in communication with the front
of the main cylinder through the port h, so that the main piston is caused to
make its back stroke; in this stroke it cuts off the port d; the chamber at
the back of the valve cylinder then exhausts through the passage e, so that
the constant pressure at the front not being resisted. moves the valve back to

page_text: open the port leading to the back of the main piston, and so on; in both
strokes the main exhaust is through the valve casing at i. The piston of the
advance cylinder P is kept at the front by pressure exerted at the back, which
is of larger area than the front. In the forward stroke of the main piston the
port fis passed by the main piston only when the tool has cut to a deter
mined depth, and the piston of the advance cylinder is therefore kept at the
front until the main piston is able to make its full stroke, when exhaust takes
place through the port, and the constant pressure on the front of the piston
then drives the piston back and withdraws the paul carried by the piston from
its ratchet wheel ready to rotate the wheel and advance the engine at the
next stroke of the main piston. The rotary motion is 'effected by a cylinder R.
the piston of which has a constant pressure acting against its smaller_area,
this pressure being overcome during every forward stroke of the main piston
by compressed air from the port d acting against the larger area of the piston
in R, and exhaust takes place from this cylinder 'during every back stroke of
the main piston. I do not however limit myself to the employment of a
cylinder for producing the rotary motion. In some cases I reverse the valvo
'of the engine, that is to say, I place-the small piston at the back instead of at
the front of the valve; the main exhaust at i then takes the place of the main
supply at L, and vice versâ ; a hole in the back cover of the valve: may tlien be
used to regulate the speed of the valve; an excess of constant pressure' in 'the
'forward. direction being between the back piston and the one 'next. to it. The
port fin communication with the advance cylinder instead of being "placed' so
that it is behind the piston after the completion of a full stroke may be placed
so that it is behind the middle partition of the piston; the advance pistou is in
'this case moved by pressure at the end of the forward stroke.
مه
The next part of my Invention relates to engines for cutting or working in
coal, rock, or any other mineral, and to the stands or frames for the same, and
is represented in side elevation in Figure4; Sheet 1'; 'in plan' in Figure 5,
Sheet 1; and in section through x, x, of Figure 4 in Figure 6, Sheet 1. I
employ two vertical columns A, A, each mounted on a separate frame B
provided with wheels C; these columns are preferably formed with rings, as
shewn, and as described in the Specification of my Letters Patent of 9th
November 1866, No. 2922, and as shewn in Figure 5 of the Drawings annexed
to the same. The columns A, A, are fixed by wedges or otherwise, and each
carries an adjustable collar E through which an adjustable bar or beam F
formed with rings or rack teeth is carried, all as shown in.the said Figure 5
of said Patent of 9th November 1866. The columns are secured at the
necessary distance apart, and between one end of the bar or beam F of one
my

page_text: column and one end of that of the other column I fit two horizontal supports
.G, II, for the engine; these supports are secured at their ends to cross pieces I
jointed to the ends of the bars F to provide for any difference in the height of
the two collars D, D, while any difference horizontally is provided for, by
another joint J. The supports G, H, are preferably made hollow, and one of
them G is formed externally with a rack, the other H acting as. a guide;
between them is a horizontal toothed wheel K which is free to slide up and
down upon the shaft L of a ratchet wheel M for the advance movement; this
shaft L is either formed square or with a feather; the ratchet wheel M is
worked by a, paul N in connection with a small cylinder O, the piston of
which is operated from the air distributor of the main cylinder in the manner
described under the first part of this Invention or otherwise; the shaft L on
which the ratchet and toothed wheels are mounted depends from a frame or
bracket P on which the engine is mounted, while the bottom of the shaft is
supported by the frame or. bracket P; the engine is carried on the bow or
saddle Q, which is fitted at right angles to the supports G, H, and as the
ratchet wheel M moves the toothed wheel K, the latter gearing into the racks
of the support G thereby moves the engine laterally along the supports. To
throw the toothed wheel K out of gear I pivot a lever R. to the bracket or
frame P, so that by raising the outer end of the lever the inner end lowers
the toothed wheel K on the shaft L of the ratchet wheel. In some cases I
employ only one vertical column, and secure one end of the engine supports to
the side of the gallery by screws or otherwise, the other end being supported
by the column. When I employ only one column I use a small carriage to
support the opposite end of the supports G, H, when the frame is moved back.
I do not limit myself to the employment of two horizontal supports for the
engine, as any other convenient number may be used.
The next part of my Invention also relates to
cutting or working in coal or any other mineral.
this part consist in an arrangement for moving the
the vertical column or columns, and to an arrangement for moving the stand
or frame forward as the cutting proceeds. My arrangement for moving the
engine up and down consists in the employment of one or more small cylinders
arranged and acting as follows, and as represented in side elevation in Figure 7,
Sheet 2, and in end elevation in Figure 8, Sheet 2.. A, A, are two vertical
columns .mounted on a frame B provided with wheels C; D, D, are two
vertical collars, one on each of the columns A, A, and rigidly connected
to each other by a wing or piece Ę, upon which the bow or saddle F for the
engine is carried; G, G, are two small cylinders connected respectively to the
engines or machinery for
My improvements under
engine up and down upon

page_text: two collars D, D; the valves of these cylinders when 'the tools have cut to,
the required depth are by preference actuated from the air distributor of the
engine or from a port in the cylinder, as in the arrangement herein-before
described witli reference to Figures 3 and 3*, Sheet 2, and the lower ends of
their pistons carry pauls H, H, which take into ratchet teeth formed on the
columns A, A; I, I, are other pauls which act as stops and take into other
ratchet teeth on the columns; the pauls I, I, are centred upon pins J projecting.
from the wing E. In the position shewn in the Figures all the pauls H and I
take into the corresponding teeth in the columns, and the pistons of the small.
cylinders G, G, are kept at the upper end of these cylinders by pressure main-.
tained below them through the ports M, M; but when the tools, have cut
to the required depth, and it is necessary to move the engine, higher on.
the columns, compressed air is admitted through ports M', M',. above 'the
pistons of the cylinders G, G, and acting upon their larger area tends to;
force the pistons down; but because their pauls H take into the ratchet
teeth the pistons cannot descend, and therefore the cylinders G, G, are forced;
upwards until the pistons are at the lower end; this upward movement like-.
wise raises the collars D, D, and the engine upon the columns A the distance
of one tooth, and the stop pauls I enter the fresh. teeth and prevent the down-
ward movement. In the next stroke of the main piston the pistons of the,
cylinders G rise in their cylinders and their pauls H enter the next, highest,
teeth of their respective columns ready to act again as before. When.it.is
required to lower the collars D, D, and the engine a bar K'fitted in lugs Lon.
the wing E is moved by the handle N, whereby all the pauls are released and,
the collars and engine may be lowered. The weight of the collars and of the
parts carried by them is counterbalanced by weights O, O.
:.
I do not limit myself to the arrangement described for moving a collar.or
collars upon a column or columns by motion obtained from the small cylinder.
or cylinders, as other convenient gearing may be employed, my Invention.
herein consisting mainly in the employment of one or more:small cylinders to:
move the engine upon the column or columns in proportion to the progress, of:
the work.
:
My arrangement for moving the stand.or. frame. forward as the cutting:
proceeds is also represented in Figures 7 and 8, Sheet 2, and consists; in fitting.
a su all cylinder.P in the lower part of the frame B, the valve of which
cylinder is worked from the air distributor of the engine, or from a port in the
engine cylinder. The piston rod K of the cylinder P carries two pauls, a, a,>
one at each end of the rod; these pauls take into ratchet wheels b, b, on the
axles of the front and rear wheels respectively of the frame: When the

page_text: .
cutting or working tools have cut to the required depth the piston of the
cylinder P makes a forward stroke and causes the pauls a to rotate the ratchet
wheels bone tooth, and thereby move the frame B.forward. Sometimes I
employ only one ratchet wheel and paul; instead of the pauls and ratchet
wheels friction clutches or other convenient gearing may be employed to move
the frame forward by motion from the small cylinder P.. Sometimes I employ
another small cylinder at the top of each column A; and worked simultaneously
with the cylinder- P!; this additional cylinder being for the purpose of moving
forward a wheel S' which is kept against the top of the gallery by ineans of a
piston T in the column A..
:... 4
I
The next part of my Invention consists in employing a boiler on the frame
or stand as a support or strut for biorizontal beams carried from the top of the
vertical columns; also in fitting in the lower part of the frame the tanks con-
taining water for cooling the tools and cleaning out the debris; this arrange
ment or combination' is-represented in Figures 9, 10, and 11; Sheet-3.
take, say, two vertical columns A, B; at the front of the frame, each carrying
an engine C; these columns are supported at the bottom on a transverse
plate D near the front end of the longitudinal side beams E, E; near the back
end of these side beams I mount-a boiler F, and from the tops of the vertical
columns A, B, I carry horizontal beams G, preferably of angle iron, the rear
ends of which I secure to the dome of the boiler, as shown; or if a vertical
boiler be employed the beams Gmay be secured to the sides thereof at the
upper part, the boiler thus: forms a strut or support for these beams at this
end; in addition to these beams G diagonal or transverse bracing rods or bars
may also be employed to increase the strength of the horizontal beams. In
order to bring the centre of gravity of the frame as low as possible I-place the
water tank or tanks H between the longitudinal side beams E, E, a few inches
from the rails and as near the front of the frame as convenient.. A pump I.
worked by an engine J supplied with steam from the boiler draws water from
the tank H and forces it through hose K leading to the tools, the pump being.
in connection with an air, vessel L so that a continuous stream or supply may
be maintained. The engine which works the pump may also be employed for
moving the frame forward when required, proper gearing M, N, being pro-
vided for the purpose; this pump I may also be employed to feed the boiler..
I. secure or clamp the frame at any required position on the rails by apparatus
consisting of a vertical threaded rod O working through a nut P fixed to one
of the side beams E; the upper end of the rod O is provided with a band.
wheel Q, while its lower end has a hook R jointed thereto.. The rod is lowered,
the necessary distance for the hook to be placed unler the rail, and then the:
•

page_text: rod is raised to tighten, the hook. I fit one or more of these apparatus, to
each side beam. Sometimes: I operate the clamp or hook by a lever or other
appliance instead of or in combination with the threaded rod.
:
The next part of my Invention relates to the stands or frames for boring
engines in which à column carries a vertical collar fixed to a horizontal collar,
through which a horizontal beam passes, as shewn in Figure 5 of the Drawings
annexed to my said Specification of 9th-November 1866. My Invention herein
consists in fitting on the end of this beam a. third collar for supporting a
second bean at right angles to the first; -this second beam carries the bow or
saddle which supports the engine, and the two beams are round, and each is
free to turn on its axis so that the bow or saddle may be moved into any
required position; this is 'represented in Figures 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 8. On:
each of the columns A, B, of the stand is a vertical collar S formed in.a.piece
with or it may be clamped or bolted to a horizontal collar T. The collar.S is
raised or lowered on the column as required by turning. by means of a handle.
or worm U in gear with the worm wheel W, the.shaft of which carries a toothed
wheel X which takes between the rings on the column. Carried through tlie
collar T is a beam Y, one end of which carries another collar Z; Z' is another.
beam carried through the collar Z, the outer end of the beam Z¹ carries the.
saddle or bow for holding the engine C. To move the beam Z¹ forward/ or.
backward it has rings formed thereon (or it may have a rack for the same;
purpose) into which a toothed wheel provided with a hand wheel,Z³ gears.
To move the beam Y on its axis I fit it with a worm wheel Y! geared.iuto.by,
a worm Y provided with a handle. Sometimes I make the beam Y. to slide:
in its collar, in which case the wheel Y would be formed, with a feather .to
take into a slot in the beam., I make the beam Z free to move on its axis.
like the beam Y.
C
For shaft sinking I employ two or more horizontal columns, similar
to that. described in my said Specification of 9th November 1866, and I.
connect these columns by a braced frame which supports a staging or plat-
form for the men to stand upon. These columns may have pistons fitted therein,.
the outer ends of which are kept. forced out against the sides of the shaft,
or any other convenient mode of securing. the-apparatus may be adopted...
This arrangement is represented in plan in Figure 12, Sheet 2, and in side:
elevation in Figure 13, Sheet 2. A, A, are two horizontal columns each
carrying an engine B which is free to. be moved into any required position by..
means of- collars, beams, bow, and gearing, as herein-before explained with;
reference to Figures 9, 10, and 11; C is a frame. in which the ends of the:
columns A are held; :D, D, are braces to strengthen the frame; E, E, are

page_text: stagings or platforms supported by the frame C; F, F, are tightening nuts
for securing the apparatus; they are moved in or out as required by a worm
or otherwise; G, G, are chains by which the apparatus is slung from the
top of the shaft. I combine with any of the frames, or stands herein-before
described small steam' or other cylinders for working any of the gearing
required.
:
The improvements in engines herein-before described under the first part of
this Invention. and. represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, and Figures 3,
and 3*, Sheet 2, are applicable to fire-engines and to other engines having
movements requiring reciprocating motion.
'
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my." Im
provements in Engines for. Boring Rock, Cutting Coal, and Boring, Cutting,
or Working in other Material, and in Stands or Frames for such Engines, the
Improvements in Engines being Partly Applicable to other Purposes,”—
First, constructing engines in which the piston of the main cylinder diş-
tributes and exhausts the motive fluid at distinct portions of the stroke to and
from other cylinders, substantially as herein-before described with; reference.
to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, thereby in the case of boring or cutting engines
moving the valve, rotating the tool; and advancing the cylinder and tool in
proportion to the work done...:
Second, constructing engines in which the piston of the main cylinder
distributes and exhausts the motive fluid at distinct portions of the stroke to
and from other cylinders, substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 3 and 3*, Sheet 2, thereby in the case of boring or cutting engines
moving the valve, rotating. the tool, and advancing the cylinder and tool in.
proportion to the work done.
Third, constructing engines in which the pistons of the small cylinders
are.operated by motive fluid distributed by the piston of the main cylinder
without having been previously utilized in the main cylinder, substantially as
herein-before described.
Fourth, the combination or arrangement of parts of engines and frames or
stands, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures 4, 5,
and 6, Sheet 1.
Fifth, the employment of one or more small cylinders and other parts for
moving the engine upon a vertical column or columns according to the
progress of the work, substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 7 and 8, Sheet 2.
Sixth, the employment of one or more small. cylinders and other parts for

page_text: moving the stand or frame forward according to the progress of the work,
substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures 7 and 8,
Sheet 2.
Seventh, the combination with the frame or stand of a boiler in such
manner that the boiler forms a support or strut for horizontal beams carried
from the top of the vertical columns, substantially as herein-before described
with reference to Figures 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 8.
Eighth, the general combination of frame or stand, columns, tanks, boiler,
pump, and engine for working the same, substantially as herein-before de-
scribed with reference to Figures 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 3.
Ninth, the combination with the collar S and collar T, Figures 9, 10,
and 11, Sheet 3, of the bar or beam Y, collar Z, and beam Z, all arranged
and acting substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Tenth, the combination with two or more. horizontal columns of a braced
frame and a staging or platform, substantially as herein-before described with
reference to Figures 12 and 13; Sheet 2.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.