IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROAL
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wetherell Wardle, Senior Partner in the Firm of
Manning, Wardle, and Company, of Boyne Engine Works, Hunslet, Leeds, in
the County of York, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wetherell Wardle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1880.
CHARLES WETHERELL WARDLE, Senior Partner in the Firm of Manning, Wardle,
and Company, of Boyne Engine Works, Hunslet, Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING AND INDICATING THE SPEED OF
MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
My Invention is chiefly applicable to tramway engines, but may also be
applied in part to other motive power engines. Its object is to so arrange the
apparatus for governing and indicating the speed that at any time when the engine
attains a defined limit of speed, it shall cause the steam to be shut off from the
engine, and in the case of tramway engines, and other cases where necessary, shall
also cause the breaks to be applied.
In all classes of the centrifugal ball governor, when the speed at which it runs is
such that the sleeve or sliding brass is free to move in either direction with an
increase or decrease of velocity, then the centrifugal and centripetal forces are so
equally balanced that the governor is always dependent upon such increase or
decrease of volocity for any power which it exerts through the sliding brass. My
Invention alters this condition by arranging and constructing the parts of a
governor in such a manner that until a defined limit of speed has been attained,
the centrifugal force is partially employed in compressing a spring, and a certain
amount of this force is therefore stored up in the spring, and is available for use
when the defined limit of speed has been attained. As soon as this takes place
the amount of force stored up in the spring is suddenly and automatically liberated
and brought into action for shutting off the steam from the engine and applying
the breaks.

page_text: "
When steam or compressed air locomotive engines are used on tramways, the
Board of Trade insists that " They shall be fitted with an indicator, by means of
"which the speed shall be shown;" also that "A governor shall be attached to
"such engine, and shall be so arranged that at any time when the engine attains
a defined speed it shall cause the steam to be shut off and the breaks applied."
My Invention fulfils these requirements in the following manner: The functions
of the governor are divided into two distinct actions, the first beginning with the
starting of the engine, and continuing until the defined speed has been attained,
when the second action comes into use. During the continuance of the first
action the governor, by means of suitable levers and connections, is made to shew
the engine driver the speed at which the engine is running. The second action is
caused, as before described, by the sudden and automatic liberation of the stored up
power of the governor so soon as the defined speed has been attained, and by
actuating valves or other suitable contrivances, simultaneously causes the steam to
be shut off from the engine and the breaks to be applied.
My Invention is also applicable to stationary, portable, and other motive power
engines for the purpose of governing and indicating the speed of such engines
and suddenly shutting off the steam if through any unusual cause the speed of the
engine should exceed a defined limit.
My Invention consists substantially in constructing a centrifugal ball governor
and arranging its parts as follows:-Two sleeves or sliding brasses are placed upon
the spindle of the governor and are connected to the balls by suitable links. About
midway between these sliding brasses a cross arm of suitable shape is fixed on the
spindle. The balls are made with a roller in the centre of each to allow them to
ride upon one side of the cross arin until the limit of speed has been attained and
upon the ends of it after such time. On the opposite side of the cross arm a
suitable spring is placed on the spindle fitting between one of the sliding brasses
and the cross arm. Suitable levers and links are connected with the governor for
working an indicator or indicators for showing the speed at which the engine is
running, and to actuate the valves or other contrivances for shutting off the steam
from the engines and applying the breaks, these levers and links being so
arranged that the engine driver is enabled to shut off the steam and apply the
steam or other breaks instantaneously without interfering with the action of the
governor.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Wetherell Wardle in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th May 1881.
CHARLES WETHERELL WARDLE, Senior Partner in the Firm of Manning, Wardle,
and Company, of Boyne Engine Works, Hunslet, Leeds, in the County of York.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING AND INDICATING THE SPEED OF
MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
"
My Invention is chiefly applicable to tramway engines, but may also be applied
in part to other motive power engines. Its object is to so arrange the apparatus for
governing and indicating the speed that at any time when the engine attains a
defined limit of speed it shall cause the steam to be shut off from the engine, and
in the case of trainway engines, and other cases where necessary, shall also cause the
breaks to be applied.
In all classes of the centrifugal ball governor when the speed at which it runs is
such that the sleeve or sliding brass is free to move in either direction with an
increase or decrease of velocity, then the centrifugal and centripetal forces are so
equally balanced that the governor is always dependent upon such increase or
decrease of velocity for any power which it exerts through its sliding brass. My
Invention alters this condition by arranging and constructing the parts of a
governor in such a manner that until a defined limit of speed has been attained
the centrifugal force is partially employed in compressing a spring, and a certain
amount of this force is therefore stored up in the spring, and is available for use
when the defined limit of speed has been attained. As soon as this takes place the
amount of force stored up in the spring is suddenly and automatically liberated and
brought into action for shutting off the steam from the engine and applying the
breaks.
When steam or compressed air locomotive engines are used on tramways the
Board of Trade insists that "They shall be fitted with an indicator, by means of
which the speed shall be shewn," also that "A governor shall be attached to such
engine, and shall be so arranged that at any time when the engine attains a
defined speed it shall cause the steam to be shut off and the breaks applied." My
Invention fulfils these requirements in the following manner :-The functions of
the governor are divided into two distinct actions, the first beginning with the
starting of the engine, and continuing until the defined speed has been attained,
when the second action comes into use. During the continuance of the first action
the governor, by means of suitable levers and connections, is made to shew the
engine driver the speed at which the engine is running. The second action is
caused, as before described, by the sudden and automatic liberation of the stored up
power of the governor so soon as the defined speed has been attained, and by
actuating valves or other suitable contrivances simultaneously causes the steam to
be shutt off from the engine and the breaks to be applied.
My Invention is also applicable to stationary, portable, and other motive power
engines for the purpose of governing and indicating the speed of such engines and
suddenly shutting off the steam if through any unusual cause the speed of the
engine should exceed a defined limit.
My Invention consists substantially in constructing a centrifugal ball governor,
and arranging its parts as follows:-Two sleeves or sliding brasses are placed
upon the spindle of the governor and are connected to the balls by suitable links.
About midway between these sliding brasses a cross arm of suitable shape is fixed
on the spindle. The balls are made with a roller in the centre of each to allow
them to ride upon one side of the cross arm until the limit of speed has been

page_text: attained, and upon the ends of it after such time. On the opposite side of the cross
arm a suitable spring is placed on the spindle fitting between one of the sliding
brasses and the cross arm. Suitable levers and links are connected with the
governor for working an indicator or indicators for shewing the speed at which the
engine is running, and to actuate the valves or other contrivances for shutting
off the steam from the engine and applying the breaks, these levers and links
being so arranged that the engine driver is enabled to shut off the steam and
apply the steam or other breaks instantaneously without interfering with the action
of the governor.
On Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents a longitudinal
elevation of a horizontal governor intended for use on trainway locomotive engines
worked by steam or compressed air, and Figure 3 shows a plan of the same.
The
governor is carried in bearings A, A, and is driven by a spur wheel on the engine
shaft gearing into the pinion B, or by other well known and suitable means.
C, C, are the balls, which are shown on a larger scale in Figures 4, 5, and 6; these
balls are turned, as shown at a in these Figures, and are free to rotate so as to
enable them to ride upon the vertical face of the cross arm D, which is fixed to the
central spindle; they are held in position by the spiral spring E acting upon
them through the sliding brass F, to which they are coupled or connected by the
arins G, G; the links K, K, serve to couple them to the sliding brass H, and the
solid collar L and fixed collar M upon the central spindle keep all in position when
at rest. N is a lever working freely on the stud O, and having two loose
runners P, P, on studs Q, Q; the short arm of this lever may form any suitable
angle with the long arm so as to act upon the valve gear of the engine and of the
steam or compressed air brake attached to tramway or other locomotive engines,
and the connecting gearing between the arm and the valve gear may be of any
convenient form or description. The end of the long arm of the lever N is
connected by links R and S to the speed indicators T and U to indicate the speed
at which the engines are running, or it may be connected to only one of the speed
indicators. The indicator pointers are also provided with hand levers V, V, which
are thus connected to the lever N for the use of the engine driver when he requires
to shut off the steam from the engine and put on the steam or compressed air
brake, which he may do without interfering with the action of the governor, the
sliding brass having only one collar, against which the runners P', 1', rest so long
as the levers V, V, are not moved by hand. Figure 2 on Sheet 1 represents a longi-
tudinal section of Figure 1, but shewing the balls extended to their widest position,
and the sliding brass I drawn up to the cross arm D, being the full extent of its
travel.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 on Sheet 1 show various forms of the cross arm D for
producing differing effects upon the action of the governor. In Figures 1 and 2
the resisting face of the cross arm D is shewn at right angles to the centre line of
the central or driving spindle. Figure 7 shows the resisting face at an acute angle
to increase the resistance given to the outward movement of the balls, and thereby
to obtain a greater range in the velocity of the governor and in the action of the
speed regulator. Figure 8 shows the resisting face of the cross armi D at an obtuse
angle with a view to obtain the opposite effect to that just described, and in
Figure 9 the resisting face of the cross arm D is shown in the form of a parabolic
curve, or it may be in the form of any other suitable curve, whereby the centri-
fugal force of the balls C, C, is at or nearly at an equilibrium with the clastic
resistance of the spring E and the varying angle of the arms G throughout the
range of action on the curved face, by which the governor may be made applicable
as a regulator of the speed of stationary or portable engines. Figure 10 on
Sheet 2 represents a longitudinal elevation of the governor applied to a stationary
engine, and having the cross arm D as shown in Figure 9. This governor differs
from the one herein before described in the sliding brass H baving two collars
instead of only one, and in the arrangement of the levers.
The reference letters apply to the same parts in all the Figures.

page_text: The operation of the governor as applied to tramway engines is as follows:-
When the governor has attained a speed sufficient to move the balls C, C, from
their normal position, as shown in Figure 1, their outward movement is resisted
by the increasing angle of the arms G, G, and elastic force of the spiral spring E,
which is compressed by the outward movement of the balls, thus necessitating an
increasing velocity of the governor to obtain sufficient centrifugal force to expand
the balls to their limit of action, such limit being attained when the central
portions a, a, of the balls have passed the extremities of the cross arın D. The
increasing angle of the arms or links K, K, causes the sliding brass H to move
towards the cross arm D, and act upon the lever N, thereby moving the indicator
pointers T and U, and indicating the speed at which the engines are running.
When the balls have attained the limit of their outward movement the vertical
face of the cross arın ceases to offer further resistance to the elastic force of the
spring, and the sliding brass F is forced back into its original position with an
energy equal to that stored up in the spring at the moment of release, carrying
with it the sliding brass H until it comes against the cross arin D, as shown in
Figure 2, the collapse of the balls being prevented by the extremities of the cross
arun D.
A considerable movement is thus imparted to the lever N as soon as the
defined limit of speed has been attained, which may be utilised for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature and object of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same may be carried into practical effect, I
wish it to be understood that I do not claim as of my Invention a centrifugal ball
governor in which the centrifugal force is resisted by the elastic force of a spring,
but what I claim is,-
Firstly. The use of the fixed cross arm D.
Secondly. The use of the two sliding brasses F and H.
Thirdly. The use of the spiral spring E in combination with the cross arm D
and the two sliding brasses F and H.
Fourthly. The arrangement and construction of the apparatus for indicating the
speed of the engines, and for actuating the valve gearing by hand without
interfering with the action of the governor.
Fifthly. The arrangement and construction of a governor for producing a varied
speed to actuate the speed indicator or indicators, and for producing the sudden
release action to operate the valve gearing or throttle valve of tramway or other
motive power engines, or of steam or air brake cylinders.
All substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and shown in
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Wetherell Wardle, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
OHLADIES WETTLED IT
הזזתת
CHARLES WETHERELL
דע
הענגעIL
(L.S.)