Year: 1888

page_text: -
Date of Application,-22nd-May, 1888--
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 11th May, 1889
I, CHRISTOPHER THOMAS WORDSWORTH of 4 Corporation Street, Manchester in the
County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in gas, or liquid hydro-carbon engines and
has for its object, firstly the better and more effective means of obtaining a higher or
longer range of expansion of the combustible gases in the working cylinder, and thus
producing a greater economical effect on the piston, also utilizing a portion of the
heat from the residual gases, and surrounding parts in a volume of cool air, before the
cylinder contents are finally expelled therefrom.
Secondly, providing means and applying an improved method of using and
vaporizing liquid hydro carbon previous to its admission to the working cylinder of
such motors.
Thirdly, the particular and improved arrangement specially adapted for producing
a suitable mixture of gas, which may be used for the purpose of igniting the com-
bustible compound in the working cylinder in any well known manner.
This invention consists in employing one or more water-jacketted cylinders termed
the working cylinders, and suitably secured on a frame or bed-plate, and in which
moves respectively a piston connected by a rod to a crank on crank shaft, which is
mounted in suitable bearings and to which is properly secured a fly-wheel, and
thereby securing its motion: The working cylinder has one or more exhaust ports
and valves, placed in such positions as to permit a portion of the residual or other
gases to escape from the working cylinder.
The exhaust valve or valves may be actuated from any moving part of the
engine and in some cases may be under the control of the governor. The working
cylinder or a part fixed to it, may also be provided with suitable ports and passages.
A slide valve may be used in some cases which works against a face, set up by any
well known means.

page_text: This also has certain ports and passages formed in it, for the purpose of per
mitting a combustible charge or volume of air to pass into the working cylinder
when needed, and also a cavity carrying a flame, to effect the ignition therein.
In some cases when the slide is not used a back pressure valve in conjunction
with another valve, within a casing, permits a combustible charge or an air volume 5
to pass through it and into the working cylinder, in this case the ignition is caused
by a heated tube or its equivalent.
In order to provide a combustible charge for the working cylinder, I prefer to
employ a combined pneumatic cylinder and valve or diaphragm which is lifted by
suction resulting from the charge stroke, which thus permits automatically a suitable
quantity of liquid hydro carbon to be vaporized when the engine is under the operation
of the governor, or requires a combustible mixture.
This pneumatic or diaphragm valve is brought in communication with a small air
chamber or volume, which serves as a flexible medium to receive the impact of the
ingoing liquid hydro-carbon for the purpose of admitting it in equal quantities. In
some cases in lieu of the said pneumatic valve or diaphragm I may employ a disc
valve formed with suitable slots or holes and moved mechanically from any moving
part of the engine. I also employ a reservoir or cylinder for storing a volume of
compressed gaseous vapour, which may have been made in a small generator attached
to it by the action of heat from a bunsen or other form of burner upon the surfaces of
an enclosed vessel containing liquid hydro-carbon, the resulting rapid evaporation
therein causes a considerable increase of pressure of gas, which is allowed to expand
into the reservoir or cylinder and afterwards may be used for igniting and other
purposes. I may in some cases permit a small volume of the partially compressed
charge to pass from the working cylinder, before ignition through the slide and
passages and a reducing valve into an enclosed vessel containing liquid hydro-carbon
which may be heated at any desired temperature for the purpose of becoming further
enriched therein, and thus producing a better gas for igniting purposes.
I have found in practice the pressed up gas when transferred to the slide to supply
the flame therein, greatly invigorates such Hame and renders the ignition more perfect
and certain in action and not so easily extinguished as when under a lower pressure.
The action of the engine may be described as follows
:-
The piston of the working cylinder when moving outwards, by reason of the
expansion of the contents therein during a portion of its stroke, draws behind
it a suitable combustible mixture which is afterwards compressed, during the
next instroke or a portion of it, up to about the dead centre inwards, and then
ignited.
The resulting combustion causes an increase of pressure therein which acts upon
the piston nearly the entire outstroke, thus imparting motion through a rod to crank
shaft and fly-wheel.
On the next instroke of the same piston the residual gases are partly expelled
through exhaust port or ports and valve, which are suitably positioned, and the
cylinder's contents are further compressed, the remaining portion of the stroke
inwards absorbing a certain amount of heat thereby, which acts upon the piston
during a portion of its outstroke, and a further motion of the same draws into its
cylinder a volume of cool air, for the rest of the stroke outwards.
When the piston moves again inwards, a portion of the residual gases are stil
further ejected, through the exhaust valve, and the remaining portion of the instroke
compresses the contents of the cylinder again up to dead centre, which takes up a
great deal of heat from the remaining portion of the residual gases and surrounding
parts, which is subsequently re-expanded during a portion of the next outstroke, thu
forming the cycle of operations up to the part of the stroke where the next combustibl
charge begins to be drawn into the working cylinder.
This cycle may be modified in some cases by so arranging the exhaust valve as t
permit a greater volume of residual gases to escape from the working cylinder
Joowed suitable
.

page_text: When ordinary coal gas or other fixed or permanent gases are used in lien of
liquid hydro-carbon, suitable gas connections are substituted,, the cycle of operation
being nearly the same.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas or Liquid Hydro-carbon Motors.
I, CHRISTOPHER THOMAS WORDSWORTH of 4 Corporation Street, Manchester in the
County of Lancashire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in gas or liquid hydro-carbon engines, parts
of which are applicable to various types of gas or liquid hydro carbon motors and has
for its object, firstly the better and more effective means of obtaining a higher or
longer range of expansion of the combustible gases in the working cylinder and thus
producing a greater economical effect on the piston, than has heretofore been obtained
in motors receiving an impact every second or third revolution when working at full
power, also in utilizing in some cases a portion of the heat from the residual gases
and surrounding parts of the cylinder, in a volume of air, before the part of the
contents of the cylinder which are nearest to the piston are finally expelled from the
exhaust port.
Lastly, the particular and improved arrangement specially adapted for producing a
suitable mixture of gas which may be used for igniting the combustible compound in
the working cylinder, and other purposes.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood I have caused to be
appended hereunto one sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference indicating
like parts in the various figures.
Fig. is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a plan thereof. Fig. 3 a back end view of the
cylinder and Figs. 4 & are enlarged detached views of the gas generator.
Fig. 6, represents a diagram of operations when receiving an impulse every third
revolution, viz.,
1st. 1-3 Combustion and expansion.

page_text: 3rd. 1-2 Air expands.
2-3 Combustible mixture drawn in.
3-4 Exhaust air.
4-1 Compressed charge.
In carrying out my invention and referring to the Figs. generally, the improve-
ments consist in employing one (or more) water jacketted cylinder a, termed the
working cylinder, suitably secured on a frame or bed plate in which cylinder a
moves a piston a¹ connected by a rod (not shown) to a crank and crank shaft c, which
is mounted in suitable bearings c¹ and to which is properly secured a fly wheel c³
and thereby securing its motion.
The working cylinder a has one (or more) exhaust port d placed in such a position
as to become covered or uncovered by the movement of the piston a¹ in the cylinder a
and thus permits a portion of the contents of the cylinder a to escape therefrom
during the period of the exhaust stroke, as hereinafter shown.
The exhaust valve d¹ may be an ordinary lift valve, but preferably a piston valve
working in a cylinder d² prepared for it, and is actuated in this case preferably by
an eccentric (not shown) keyed on the crank shaft c, in some cases the exhaust
valve might receive its motion from any other moving part of the engine.
The working cylinder a, or a part fixed to it, has a certain port or passage e formed
in it, for the purpose of permitting a combustible mixture or charge of air to pass into
the working cylinder a when needed.
A back pressure valve in conjunction with another valve within a casing
permits a combustible mixture or an air charge to pass through port e into the
working cylinder a. In this case the ignition is caused by a licated tube y or its
equivalent.
I may also employ a reservoir or cylinder preferably in the form of an annular
chamber or chambers h, h, formed in the back end of the working cylinder a or
surrounding parts for the purpose of storing a volume of compressed gaseous vapour,
which may have been made in a small generator, shown applied in Fig. 1, and
enlarged in Figs. 4 & 5.
This generator or enclosed vessel is subject to the heat of a bunsen or other
form of burner i, or from the surrounding parts of the working cylinder, and
contains liquid hydro-carbon, the resulting rapid evaporation thereof causing a con-
siderable increase of pressure of gas, which is allowed to expand into the annular
chamber h, and which gas afterwards may be used for igniting and other purposes.
Referring to Figs. 1. 4. & 5 the bunsen or other burner i is mounted below tho
enclosed vessel ¹, and heats the liquid hydro-carbon which flows through a spiral
groove formed in the cone face or joint of the enclosed vessel i and into a
chamber provided below the same, where it is gasified and increased in pressure.
By means of a regulating tap and passage the same is admitted in suitable
quantities into the interior of the enclosed vessel and mixed with a suitable volume
of the partially compressed combustible charge or air which has been taken from the
working cylinder a through valve k pipe h, annular chamber h', passage into the
enclosed chamber i, from whence it is led through the perforated nozzle 1 into
the annular chamber h.
In order to facilitate a continuous supply of gas to a bunsen or other burner i, a
-passage is provided, which conducts the gaseous vapour from the chamber through
regulating tap to the burner i. The hydro-carbon liquid enters the enclosed vessel i¹
in suitable quantities through a small passage or pipe is formed therein.
I may in some cases permit a small volume of the partially compressed air charge
to pass from the working cylinder a through a slide, or preferably a back pressure
valve mechanically moved, and a reducing valve or regulating tap (not shown) so

page_text: as to permit a suitable quantity of air to pass through port into enclosed vessel iª,
by way of the annular chamber ' and pipe h².
The same result may be also effected by utilizing the front end of the piston a, in a
closed ended cylinder, for compressing a volume of air if deemed necessary.
The action of the engine may be described thus:
When the engine is turned by hand or otherwise assuming the piston a¹ to be
moving from dead centre inwards to that outwards, or in the direction of the crank c,
and when it has arrived at about half of its stroke, it begins to uncover the exhaust
port d in the cylinder a, but at this time the exhaust port d & valve dis closed and
all communication cut off outwards, and the combustible charge is drawn into the
cylinder a for the rest of the stroke outwards through port e and air port 1, back
pressure valve fand gas valve f¹, which are mechanically moved in any well known
manner, valve f¹ being under the control of a governor, not shown. At the end of
this stroke the exhaust valve piston d' opens communication between the inside of the
cylinder a through the exbaust ports d and valve d¹ to the atmosphere.
When the piston a' begins to move inwards it ejects the residual volume nearest to
it and the exhaust port d, through the exhaust port d & valve d' into the atmosphere,
up to the part of the stroke where the piston a¹ covers the exhaust port d, a further
motion of the same compresses the combustible contents up to about the dead centre
inwards and these are then ignited. The resulting combustion within the cylinder a
causes an increase of pressure which acts upon the piston a nearly the entire out-
stroke thus imparting motion through a rod to crank shaft c and fly wheel c, the
exhaust valve d' is closed before the piston a uncovers the port d in the cylinder a, so
that no communication is made between the cylinder a and the atmosphere until a full
and complete stroke has been made, the exhaust valve is now opened again &
releases the waste or residual gases to the atmosphere; on the next instroke of the
piston a¹ a portion of the residual gases are expelled through exhaust port d and the
valve into the atmosphere up to the part of the stroke when the piston a' again
covers the exhaust port d.
The remaining portion of the stroke compresses the contents of the cylinder a up to
dead centre and thereby absorbs a certain amount of heat and work, which afterwards
acts upon the piston a, during a portion of its next outstroke, and a further motion
of the same draws into the cylinder a through back pressure valve fand port la
charge of air, at any desired temperature, during the rest of its stroke outwards.
When the piston a' again begins to move inwards the exhaust valve d¹ is opened
again, and the cylinder contents are partly ejected through the exhaust port d and
valve up the part of the stroke where the piston a' again covers the exhaust port d,
exactly as seen in the preceding strokes and the remaining portion of the stroke
compresses the contents of the cylinder a again up to dead centre, picking up heat
and work, which contents are subsequently re-expanded during a portion of the next
outstroke until a new combustible charge enters, thus forming a cycle of operations
which can be applied to motors receiving an impulse every third revolution.
When applied to motors having an impulse every second revolution, all that is
needed is to omit the air charge stroke, all the other conditions and functions being
the same, as follows:-
When the piston a¹ is moving outwards and arrives at the position of the exhaust
port d exactly as previously set forth, it draws into the cylinder a through port e, back
pressure valve, gas valve f¹ and air port a combustible mixture for the rest of the
stroke outwards.
The exhaust valve d¹ begins to open at the end of each outstroke and permits a
portion of the residual contents which are nearest the piston a' in the cylinder a to
escape, during its instroke, into the atmosphere up to the part of the stroke covered
by the piston a', the rest of the stroke the combustible contents are compressed and
then ignited, the resulting combination acts upon the piston a' during the entire
outstroke.
The exhaust valve d¹ now opens and ejects into the atmosphere that part of the
residual gases nearest the piston a' in the same manner as previously described, up to

page_text: ܨܬ
the part of the next instroke of the piston a' when the exhaust port d is covered,
where the rest of the stroke inwards compresses the contents of the cylinder thus
absorbing work and heat which are afterwards given off during a portion of the next
outstroke up to that part of the stroke when the piston a begins to draw into the
cylinder a new combustible charge.
When it is thought desirable to use ordinary coal gas instead of liquid hydro carbon
I simply detach the generator and couple the reservoir to an ordinary gas main and
regulating tap in any well known manner, the cycle of operation remaining the same
so far as the first part of this invention is concerned.
I may use the heat from the exhaust and send it into a regenerator or heater for the
purpose of heating the air, or gaseous vapour and air previous to their admission to
the working cylinder, as set forth in Patent No. 35683 granted to myself and Herbert
Lindley.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim, is :-
In gas or liquid hydro carbon motors :-
1st. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting my improve-
ments referred to in Figs. 1 & 2, for the purpose of producing a longer range of
expansion in the working cylinder a, of the combustible gases, and thus obtaining a
higher degree of efficiency and economy than herein before obtained in motors receiving
an impulse every second or third revolution when working at full power, substantially
as set forth.
2nd. The gas generator shown in Figs. 4 & 5 consisting of two conical parts fitting
into each other and formed with suitable passages and ports for the entrance of the
liquid hydro-carbon, and exit of the gas formed through the action of heat, in the
manner and for the purpose as herein before described.
3rd. The means employed as set forth by which a portion of the air charge is
permitted to escape from the working cylinder when under slight compression,
consisting of a slide or beat valve or its equivalent, and suitable port, for the purpose
of preparing a suitable mixture of gas and air, as set forth and described.
4th. The cycle of operation as applied to gas or hydro carbon motors which receive
an impulse every second or third revolution when working at full power, in order to
obtain a longer range of combustible gases, as described.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester,
Agents to Applicant.