New or Improved Hot-water Apparatus for Heating Churches, Houses, Schools, Greenhouses, and other Places.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 1st Apr., 1890-Accepted, 7th June, 1890
.
New or Improved Hot-water Apparatus for Heating Churches,
Houses, Schools, Greenhouses, and other Places.
I JOHN OLIVER CHAPMAN PHILLIPS of No. 73 Colmore Row Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Surgeon Dentist do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
to be as follows:-
My invention consists of a hot water heating apparatus the parts of which are
constructed and combined as hereinafter described.
I prefer to employ a petroline or other volatile oil lamp as the primary source of
heat but I do not confine myself thereto as a gas lamp of coal or coke or other fuel
may be employed.
I will describe my invention in connection with a petroline lamp.
The reservoir in which the water is contained and by the heating and circulation of
which the heating of the building or place is effected consists of two vertical vessels
one within the other the water being contained in the space between the two vessels.
As the two vessels differ but little in size a small volume of water is employed and its
temperature can be quickly raised. The inner vessel has a contracted opening at
bottom at which opening the flame of the lamp is introduced. The flame and products
of combustion pass up the inner vessel which at top is connected with a horizontal flue
which proceeds in any required direction and terminates in a chimney. I will call
this horizontal flue the air pipe. The outer vessel or reservoir is closed at top but is
furnished with an opening closed by a cap. The reservoir is charged with water
through this opening. Around the horizontal flue or air pipe described is a pipe
preferably concentric with the said Alue. This pipe which I will call the water pipe is
connected to the top of the reservoir and the space between it and the air pipe is
occupied by water. This water pipe is preferably concentric with the air pipe within
it the two horizontal pipos being fixed in a position and direction determined by the
size and shape of the place to be heated. At or near that part of the air pipe which
opens into the chimney the water pipe leaves the air pipe the said water pipe
descending vertically and opening into another horizontal water pipe which opens into
the reservoir. The upper and lower parts of the reservoir are thus connected
through the two horizontal and one vertical water pipes described and there is a free
circulation of the water heated by the flame and heated air in the inner vessel and air
tube.
The heating of the building or place is effected by the convection and radiation of
the heat from the upper and lower water tubes but the heat of the water in the lower
or return water tube may be further utilised by the introduction into the said water
tube of a supplementary air tube. This supplementary air tube is fixed concentrically
in the return water tube and is closed at its inner end but open at its outer end.
air in the said supplementary air tube is heated by the return water and escapes at
the open end of the tube into the place in which the apparatus is situated.
The
The top of the vertical pipe at which the return of the water sets in may have an
opening closed by a cap.
For heating large places the vessels one within the other constituting the reservoir
may have any desired breadth the wick of the lamp having a nearly similar breadth.
Or several lamps may be employed. In this case two or more sets of the water and
air tubes may be employed.
Dated this 10th day of Lul, 1900
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Hot-water Apparatus for Heating Churches,
Houses, Schools, Greenhouses, and other Places.
1 JOHN OLIVER CHAPMAN PHILLIPS of No. 73 Colmore Row Birmingham in the
County of Warwick Surgeon Dentist do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists of a hot water heating apparatus the parts of which are
constructed and combined as hereinafter described.
I prefer to employ a petroline or other volatile oil lamp as the primary source of
heat but I do not confine myself thereto as a gas lamp, burner or burners or coal or
coke or other fuel may be employed.
I will describe my invention in connection with a petroline lamp.
The reservoir in which the water is contained and by the heating and circulation of
which the heating of the building or place is effected consists of two vertical vessels
one within the other the water being contained in the space between the two vessels.
As the two vessels differ but little in size a small volume of water is employed and its
temperature can be quickly raised. The inner vessel has an opening at bottom at
which opening the flame of the lamp is introduced. The flame and products of com-
bustion pass up the inner vessel which at top is connected with a horizontal or nearly
horizontal flue which proceeds in any required direction and terminates in a chimney
or may be left open. I will call this horizontal or nearly horizontal flue the air pipe.
The outer vessel or reservoir is closed at top but contains an air tube for expansion or
the escape of steam. Around the horizontal flue or air pipe described is a pipe
preferably concentric with the said flue. This pipe which I will call the water pipe is
connected to the top of the reservoir and the space between it and the air pipe is
occupied by water. This water pipe is preferably concentric with the air pipe within
it the two horizontal or nearly horizontal pipes being fixed in a position and direction
determined by the size and shape of the place to be heated. At or near that part of
the air pipe which opens into the chimney the water pipe leaves the air pipe the said
water pipe descending vertically and opening into another horizontal water pipe which
opens into the reservoir.
The upper and lower parts of the reservoir are thus connected through the two
horizontal and one vertical water pipes described and there is a free circulation of
the water heated by the flame and heated air in the inner vessel and air tube. The
heating of the building or place is effected by the connection and radiation of the
heat from the upper and lower water tubes but the heat of the water in the lower or
return water tube may be further utilised by the introduction into the said water tube
of a supplementary air tube. This supplementary air tube is fixed concentrically in
the return water tube and may be used as the flow tube or smoke flue and the upper
one as the return tube. The air in the said supplementary air tube is heated by the
return water and escapes at the open end of the tube into the place in which the
apparatus is situated.
For heating large places the vessels one within the other constituting the reservoir
may have any desired breadth the wick of the lamp having a nearly similar breadth ;
or several lamps may be employed. In this case two or more sets of the water and
air tubes may be employed.
1 will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal vertical section and Figure 2 in cross section
a hot water apparatus for heating houses greenhouses and other places constructed
according to my invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in both Figures.

page_text: a is the reservoir in which the water to be heated is contained, the said reservoir
consisting of two flat vessels one within the other the water being contained in the
space between the two vessels. It will be seen that the water space of the reservoir
is of small capacity so that the temperature of the water contained in it can be
quickly raised. The top of the inner vessel of the reservoir is closed and the bottom
of the said inner vessel is open at which open bottom the flame of the petroline (or
other) lamp & contained in the case or supporting foot c is introduced for heating
the water in the fat reservoir a. The outer vessel of the reservoir is closed at top
and is furnished with an air tube d for expansion of the water and to permit of the
escape of steam.
e is a horizontal air flue in connection with and opening into the top of the inner
or hot air flue of the reservoir a. The said horizontal flue e proceeds in any
required direction and terminates in a chimney or may be left open. Around the
horizontal flue or air pipe e is a second pipe concentric therewith. This second
pipe is connected with the water space of the reservoir a and the space between
the two pipes e,fis occupied by water which circulates therein. The rear end of the
water pipe is connected with a flat chainher forming the back support of the
apparatus the top of the said flat chamber g being furnished with a funnel h by which
the water reservoir and water space of the apparatus are filled; i is a second or
return horizontal water pipe at the lower part of the apparatus the said second
water pipe consisting of two concentric pipes the water space between them
opening at the front end into the reservoir a and at the rear end into the flat
chamber g.
The inner pipe of the return water pipe i is closed at the front end and is open
preferably at its rear end.
It will thus be seen that the upper and lower parts of the reservoir a are connected
through the two horizontal water pipes f, i and the vertical flat chamber g, the water in
the reservoir being heated by the flame of the lamp and the water in the water tube f
by the passage of heated air in the tube e. A free circulation of the water through
the apparatus is thus set up and the said water is rapidly heated, the hot water
passing from the reservoir a through the top water tube f down the flat chamber g
and along the return water tube to the reservoir as indicated by the full line
arrows in Figure 1 the dotted arrows indicating the direction of the current of hot
air through the inner tube of the reservoir and the air tube e.
By the convection and radiation of the heat from the upper and lower water
tubes f, the heating of the building or place is effected the said water tubes giving
off heat through the whole of their length. The inner tube of the return water
tube i is heated by the return water, the heat escaping froin the said inner tube at its
open rear end.
Figure 3 represents in longitudinal vertical section and Figure 4 in end elevation
a modified apparatus constructed according to my invention to be heated by gas.
In this modification the water reservoir is omitted and both ends of the apparatus
are constructed alike, each end consisting of a flat water chamber k, into which the
ends of the top and bottom water tubes p, 7 open.
The inner tube of the bottom water tube q forms the air pipe r for the passage of
the heated air produced by the flame of the Bunsen (or other) burners inserted in
the end of the said lower air pipe 7 as represented.
I prefer to joint the burners on a swivel joint t so that it can be turned into the
lower air pipe r for use or turned out of the said pipe, as indicated in dotted lines,
when not required to be used.
The hot air passing through the lower air pipe r may either escape into the
apartment to be heated or be conveyed into a chimney or other outlet. In this
arrangement the hot water passes along the lower water tube y rises in the end
chamber and returns along the upper water tube p descending in the other
chamber to be reheated. The course of the hot water through the apparatus is

page_text: indicated by the full line arrows and the course of the hot air by the dotted
arrow.
Figure 5 represents in longitudinal vertical section and Figure 6 in cross section
a hot water apparatus constructed according to my invention in which apparatus, four
sets of water and air tubes are employed.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 5 and 6. The
water reservoir a at one end of the apparatus is nearly of the same construction as
that represented in Figures 1 and 2 and the series of water tubes b, c d, e open at one
end into the said reservoir a and the opposite ends of the said tubes open into the flat
water chamber g. The apparatus is heated by the flame of the lamp a2 (or other
flame) situated at the open bottom of the air tube of the reservoir. The several air
tubes within the water tubes are marked respectively c², and the said air
tubes opening at one end into the hot air tube of the reservoir a. The rear ends of
the two tubes are connected together by the elbow and the rear ends of the
two tubes 2, e by the elbow i. In the air tube of the reservoir a are two diaphragms
or divisions k, 1 for causing the hot air from the lower part of the reservoir to
circulate through the several air tubes: that is, the hot air rising in the lower part
of the air tube of the reservoir a is deflected by the diaphragm and passes along
the bottom air tube 2 and through the elbow and returns by the air tube c² above
it. From the tube the heated air again rises in the reservoir and being deflected
by the diaphragm passes along the tube and elbow and returns by the top air
tube and escapes by the outlet pipe p into the apartment or is conveyed to a
chimney or other outlet, the circulation of the hot air through the apparatus being
indicated by the dotted arrows. By the passage of the hot air through the hot air
tubes in the manner described a circulation of hot water in the apparatus is set up in
the direction indicated by the full line arrows; that is to say, the water heated in
the lower water tube flows along it to its rear end, rising in the chamber and
returns by the water tube c. It then rises in the reservoir and passes along the
water tube d and returns by the top water tube e and descends in the reservoir a to be
reheated at the bottom of the said reservoir.
1
9
By modifying the partitions in the air pipe of the reservoir the circulation of the
hot air through the apparatus may be reversed that is, the air may first rise
to the top of the reservoir and pass along the top air tube instead of first passing
along the bottom air tube .
Although I have represented the water reservoir at one end of the apparatus and
the water chamber at the other end of the apparatus or the water chamber at each end
of the apparatus made of a flat or rectangular figure in cross section yet I do not limit
myself to that figure as the said water reservoir and water chamber or chambers may
be made circular, oval or of other figure in cross section; and although I have
represented the junctions of the upper and lower pipes as being made by separate
elbows yet the said elbows may be omitted and the junctions of the said upper and
lower pipes be made by bending the pipes themselves.
By constructing and arranging the parts of hot water apparatus according to my
invention the ordinary saddle boiler or other water heater commonly employed is
dispensed with and the heating of the hot water apparatus is effected in a simple and
economical manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim
as iny invention of "New or improved hot water apparatus for heating churches
houses.schools greenhouses and other places
23
First The combination of concentric hot water and air pipes with a water
reservoir of small, capacity at one end of the apparatus and a water chamber at the
other end of the apparatus, at which reservoir the oil lamp, gas lanp or burner or
burners or other source of heat is or are applied, the said hot water and air pipes and

page_text: water reservoir and chamber being arranged and used substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly-The modified combination or arrangement of parts herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 in which the gas lamp or burner or
other source of heat is applied directly to one of the air pipes of the apparatus.
Dated this 26th day of March 1890.
JOHN OLIVER CHAPMAN PHILLIPS.