A New or Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Plates, Sheets, and other Objects of Copper, Yellow Metal, Naval Brass, and the like.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 18th Jan., 1889
A New or Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Plates, Sheets, and other Objects of Copper, Yellow Metal, Naval
Brass, and the like.
1, PETER JENSEN Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents of 77 Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a com-
munication to me from abroad by Frederick William Martin of Tresleigh House
Walters Road Swansea in the County of Glamorgan, but at present of the Grand Hotel
Christol et Bristol Boulogne-sur-mer, France, Chemist and Metallurgist, to be as
follows:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of sheets of copper the unrefined material such as
blister, pimple, Chili, and other slabs is refined in the refining furnace and then laded
into moulds. Their contents are allowed to cool and are removed from the moulds,
generally the next day, when they are put into a reheating or mill furnace so as to
render them fit for the first step of manufacture viz. the "breaking down" by means
of rolls, through which they are passed several times. The sheets or plates are then
plunged into water, examined and sheared crosswise. The plates are next put into a
reheating furnace for rendering them fit for the next step of manufacture viz.:-the
drawing on." When this second rolling process has been effected the plates or
sheets are allowed to cool and are sheared along the edges and cut to weight. After
a further reheating in a finishing furnace the plates are passed through the finishing
rolls.
"6
From the above it will be understood that the plates between the refining furnace
process and the final or finishing rolling process are cooled or allowed to cool down
several times and require to be heated after each cooling thus occasioning much
expenditure of heat. But this mode of manufacture has also other grave defects,
such as the great space required for the manufacture, the great number of men needed
therefor, their occasional enforced idleness as they have to wait for one furnace or

page_text: mill or another, and the great trouble and time occupied in moving the material
sometimes from one end of the mill to the other, and during the whole manufacture
from first to last.
The object of this invention is to effect a very important saving in fuel, labour,
time, plant and space and avoiding the remelting of cake, a consequence at times
of the charge losing its " pitch" also the loss by oxydation resulting in greater
waste.
According to this invention the heat of the refining furnace is utilized for the
purpose of rolling the copper in the "breaking down and "drawing on" stages
without any reheating whatever thus doing away with the furnaces for the "breaking
down" rolls and the furnaces for the "drawing on rolls. It is proposed to proceed
as follows. The unrefined Blister, Pimple or other Slab copper together with mill
scrap is first refined in the refining furnace and withdrawn therefrom by ladles or
and bolt
kettles and poured into tipping moulds for the so called "common cake
ingots, each mould by preference only receiving one cake or ingot. The large cakes
are cast into iron moulds which take to pieces and rest on small waggons with a
copper plate fixed on forming the mould bottom. These cakes are allowed to
are then stripped of their moulds and brought on their waggons to the rolls for
breaking down and drawing on by several passages through the rolls; they are then
cooled cleaned and prepared for the finishing. The small cakes or, ingots are tipped,
and taken to the rolls which are arranged immediately against or in front of the
refining furnace and at once rolled out to the required size for the finishing furnace
and finishing rolls. The cakes or ingots for the larger sizes of bolts, hoops, plates and
strips may be "finished" directly from the moulds without any reheating.
،،
set
"
In order to carry out this invention most successfully the refining furnace must be
placed closely in front of the rolls for the breaking down and drawing on.
"6
6
"
The process above described is in its main features applicable to the manufacture
of sheets and other objects of yellow metal, naval brass, and the like. Heretofore
in such manufacture the copper, spelter and tin are melted separately or together in
pots or in a mixing furnace. In the latter case the metal is tapped into a pan in
front of the furnace. From the pan the molten material is laded into kettles and poured
into tipping moulds. In the former case the metal is poured direct into the moulds
either for plates or ingots and allowed to cool. They are then put into a mill
heating furnace so as to render them fit for passing several times through the
breaking down" rolls. After cooling the plates are sheared crosswise for "pieces."
These are then put into a reheating furnace to render them fit for passing through
the "drawing on "rolls. They are next without special cooling taken to the finishing
furnace and finishing rolls. From the above it will be understood that between the
mixing furnace process and the finishing process the plates are cooled or allowed to
cool twice and require to be reheated twice. This involves similar defects as those
already explained with reference to the manufacture of plates and other objects of
copper. According to this part of the invention therefore the heat from the pots or
mixing furnace is utilized for the purpose of rolling the alloy in most cases to the
finishing stage without any reheating thus doing away with the furnaces for the
breaking down rolls and partly those for the drawing on rolls.
It is proposed to proceed as follows as regards "yellow metal" and naval brass.
The copper spelter and tin to which may be added mill scrap are melted separately or
together in pots or in a mixing furnace. In the case of the latter the metal is tapped
therefrom into a pan in front of the furnace. It is then laded into kettles and poured
into tipping moulds for the so called plates and bolt ingots. In the case of the former
the metal is poured direct into the moulds. The larger cakes or plates are cast into
iron moulds which take to pieces and rest on small waggons the top plate of which
forms the mould bottom. When the molten material has "set" sufficiently the sides
of the moulds are removed and their contents taken on their waggons to the "breaking
down" and "drawing on " rolls, and passed several times through them.
plates have cooled down they are prepared for the finishing. The small cakes o
After th

page_text: ingots are when sufficiently "set" tipped and at once rolled out to the required sizes
for the drawing on and finishing furnaces and rolls. The larger sized bolts and some
kinds of plates may be finished directly from the moulds without any reheating. In
order to carry out this part of the invention most successfully the mixing furnaces pot
or otherwise must be placed closely in front of the rolls for the breaking down and
drawing on, and it is preferred to have three rolls high for the breaking down instead
of two as ordinarily the case.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Plates, Sheets, and other Objects of Copper, Yellow Metal, Naval
Brass, and the like.
I, PETER JENSEN, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents of 77 Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a
communication from abroad by Frederick William Martin of Tresleigh House,
Walters Road, Swansea in the County of Glamorgan but at present of the Grand
Hotel Christol et Bristol, Boulogne sur mer France Chemist and Metallurgist) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Heretofore in the manufacture of plates sheets and bolts of copper the unrefined
material such as blister, pimple, chili and other slabs millscrap or other material is
refined in the refining furnace and then laded into moulds. Their contents or cakes
are allowed to cool and are removed from the moulds, generally the next day, when
they are put into a reheating or mill furnace so as to render them fit for the first step
of manufacture viz.: the "breaking down" by means of rolls, through which they are
passed several times. The sheets or plates are then plunged into water, examined and
sheared crosswise. The plates are next put into a reheating furnace for rendering
them fit for the next step of manufacture viz.: the "drawing on." When this second
rolling process has been effected the plates or sheets are allowed to cool and are
sheared on the edges and cut to weight. After a further reheating in a finishing
furnace the plates are passed through the finishing rolls.
.
From the above it will be understood that the cakes bars or plates between the
refining furnace process and the final or finishing rolling process are cooled or allowed
to cool down several times and require to be heated after each cooling thus occasioning
much expenditure of heat. But this mode of manufacture has also other grave
defects, such as the great space required for the manufacture, the great number of,
men needed therefor, their occasional enforced idleness, as they have to wait for one
furnace or mill or another and the great trouble and time occupied in moving the
material sometimes from one end of the mill to the other, and during the whole
manufacture from first to last.
The object of this invention is to effect a very important saving in fuel, labor, time,
plant and space and also to avoid the remelting of cake, a consequence, at times, of the
charge losing its "pitch" at once discovered in rolling, also to avoid the loss by
oxydation of the cakes in cooling resulting in great waste; also to ensure cleaner
work for the cast plates would not be taken to the heating furnaces, where they
gather dirt, but directly to the rolls, also to prevent overheating or irregular heating
in the furnaces which sometimes occurs.
"
According to this invention the heat from the refining furnace is utilized for the
purpose of rolling the copper in the "Breaking down" and "Drawing on stages
without any reheating whatever and the furnaces for the "breaking down" rolls and

page_text: the furnaces for the "drawing on "rolls at present in use are done away with. It is
proposed to proceed as follows and as will be understood from Figure 1 which is plan
of a copper and yellow metal mill constructed and arranged according to this
invention.
The unrefined blister, pimple or other slab copper together with millscrap is first
refined in one of the refining furnaces marked A A A and withdrawn therefrom by
ladles or kettles and poured into moulds C C³ or C² which are placed around the
lading floors B.
The copper for the so-called 'common cake or small plates is run into tipping moulds C
which are shewn to a larger scale in plan Figure 2 longitudinal section Figure 3 and
transverse section Figure 4. The mould proper consists of an iron frame a at top, an
iron frame bat bottom, and an intermediate bottom c of copper. This mould is
pivotted at each side in a carriage d. The rollers are for the easy removal of the
tipped cakes.
The copper for bolts and ingots is run into tipping moulds C, shewn for bolts in
Figures 5 and 6 in plan and transverse section, and for ingots in the plan Figure 7
and vertical section Figure 8. The bolt mould Figures 5 and 6 is double, each
mould working on horizontal pivots and provided with inner copper lining or bottom c¹
and removable lid e, the whole mould frame resting on a rail which is supported by
a pillar from the lading floor B. The feet of the mould frame rest on the mill floor.
A roller g is provided for the easy removal of the ingots when tipped. The ingot
moulds Figures 7 and 8 have hinged bottom each mould being supported on a
pillar i from the lading floor B. On releasing the hinged bottom of the mould the
ingot falls on the mill Hoor below it.
The copper for large cakes or plates is run into iron moulds C² shewn to a larger.
scale in plan Figure 9 and section Figure 10. These moulds consist of a lower
carriage a bottom plate c², of copper and an upper frame a² in parts which are held
together by wrought iron bars and wedges so as to take to pieces. The mould
proper rests on a carriage as shewn. These copper plates bolts or cakes are allowed
to "set" and are then tipped or stripped of their moulds as the case may be and
brought on their waggons to the rolls D and D¹ for breaking down and where
necessary to the rolls E¹ for drawing on by several passages through the rolls; they
are then cooled cleaned matched and sheared for reheating in the finishing furnace F
and finishing rolls G and G¹. The small cakes or ingots for small plates and bolts are
tipped from the inoulds C C and taken to the rolls D D D E¹ E² which are arranged
immediately against or adjacent to the refining furnaces A and at once rolled out to
the required size for the finishing furnace F and finishing rolls G G G² E³ G³.
The cakes or ingots for the larger sizes of bolts hoops plates and strips may be
"broken down" "drawn on" and "finished" by the rolls D1, D2, E' E2 and G² directly
from the moulds without any reheating whatever. It is preferred to have the rolls for
"breaking down" and " drawing on arranged three high instead of two as now
ordinarily in use.
In order to carry out this invention most successfully the refining furnaces A A A
must be placed closely in front of the rolls for the breaking down and drawing on as
shown in Figure 1 and have the special moulds described placed around the
lading floors B B B. H H are the rolls for cold rolling sheets and II the rolls for
rolling strips. D² E2 G2 are the breaking down and drawing on bolt and hoop rolls,
and E3 E3 G³ the finishing rolls. K K are the shears. The driving engines are
placed centrally for conveniently driving the various rolls and other machines as
shewn. The process above described, is in its main features applicable to the
manufacture of sheets and other objects of yellow metal, naval brass, and the like.
Heretofore in such manufacture the copper spelter and tin are melted separately or
together in a mixing furnace or in pots. In the former case the metal is tapped into
a pan in front of the furnace. From the pan the molten material is laded into kettles
and poured into moulds. In the latter case the metal is poured direct into the moulds
either for "plates" or ingots and allowed to cool. They are then put into a mill
heating furnace so as to render them fit for passing several times through the breaking

page_text: 66
down rolls, and are again allowed to cool. The plates are then sheared crosswise for
pieces." These are then put into a reheating furnace to render them fit for passing
through the "drawing on" rolls. They are next without special cooling taken to the
finishing furnace and finishing rolls.
From the above it will be understood that between the mixing furnace process and
the finishing process the plates are according to the process hitherto practised allowed
to cool twice and therefore require to be reheated twice. This involves similar defects
as those already explained with reference to the manufacture of plates and other
objects of copper. According to this part of the invention therefore and in order to
effect a very important saving in fuel, labor, time, plant and space and also to avoid
the remelting of plates in consequence sometimes of the charge losing its pitch
through the volatilization of the spelter, at once discovered in the rolling and also
to produce much cleaner work as in the case of copper already described, the heat
from the mixing furnace or pots is utilized for the purpose of rolling the alloy in most
cases up to the finishing stage without any reheating whatever thus doing away with
the furnaces for the breaking down rolls and partly those for the drawing on rolls.
It is proposed to proceed as follows as regards "yellow metal" and naval brass.
The
copper spelter and tin to which may be added mill scrap are melted separately
or together in a nixing furnace Z or in pots Y and in pans Y¹ figure 1. In the
case of the former the metal is tapped therefrom into pans X placed in front of the
furnaces. It is then laded into kettles or it may be laded from the pan and poured
into tipping or vertical moulds W and W₁ for the so-called plates and into moulds V
for the bolt ingots. In the case of the latter or pots being used the metal is poured
direct into the moulds. The moulds V W and W₁ are shown in Figures 11 and 13
in plan and in figures 12 and 14 in sectional elevation respectively. The bolt ingot
moulds V and vertical plate moulds W₁ consist of two halves which are wedged
together. The moulds turn on pivots as shewn. The larger cakes or plates are
cast into iron moulds C which take to pieces and rest on carriages the top plate of
which forms the mould bottom as described with reference to Figures 9 and 10.
When the molten material has "set" sufficiently the sides of the moulds are removed
and their contents taken on their carriages to the "breaking down and "drawing
"rolls S figure 1 and passed several times through them. After the plates have
cooled down they are sheared and cleaned for the finishing furnace and finishing
rolling process. The small cakes or ingots are when sufficiently "set" tipped and
at once rolled (broken down) to the required length, and whilst hot they are cut
crosswise and taken to the rolls S and drawn on to the required sizes for the
finishing furnaces R and rolls Q. The larger sized bolts and pump rods and certain
kinds of plates may be broken down, drawn on and finished direct by the heat
contained in them when tipped from the moulds after the pouring process without
any reheating. In order to carry out this part of the invention most successfully
the mixing furnaces Pot or otherwise must be placed closely in front of the rolls S, D²
and E2 for the breaking down and drawing on and it is preferred to have three
rolls high for the breaking down instead of two as ordinarily the case, and that the
furnaces be provided with moulds V W W¹ and C² as shown.
on
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
66
"
First: The manufacture of copper, bolts, bars, hoops, or small plates and other
articles by running the refined copper into suitable tipping moulds arranged around
the lading floor B of the refining furnace A removing the contents of moulds when
set and passing same through adjacent breaking down" and "drawing on
rolls D D D E¹ and E2 G² to the required size, then reheating the rolled articles
in furnaces F and finally passing them through adjacent finishing rolls substantially
as set forth and for the purposes stated.
Second-The manufacture of copper medium and heavy plates, hoops, bolts
and other articles by running the refined copper into suitable detachable moulds

page_text: arranged around the lading floor B of the refining furnace A removing the contents
of moulds when set and passing same through adjacent breaking down and drawing on
rolls D D¹ D² and E2 substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third: The manufacture of small plates, bolts, pump rods and the like of yellow
metal, naval brass or similar alloy by running the molten alloy into suitable tipping or
other moulds arranged adjacent to the mixing and melting pots or furnaces removing
the contents of the moulds when set and passing same through adjacent rolls S S D
and E2 to the required size, then reheating the rolled articles in furnaces R and F and
finally passing them through adjacent finishing rolls Q E³ and G3 substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
Fourth-The manufacture of medium and heavy plates, hoops, bolts and other
articles in yellow metal, naval brass or similar alloy by running the molten alloy into
suitable detachable moulds arranged adjacent to the mixing pots Y, furnaces Z and
pans X, removing the contents of moulds when set and passing same through adjacent
breaking down" "drawing on and finishing rolls SQ D2 E2 E3 and G³ substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
"6
"
Fifth-The construction of the moulds C C¹ C² substantially as shown and
described.
Sixth-The general arrangement of furnaces driving engines rolls and other mill
plant substantially as shown and described..
Dated this 10th day of October 1888.
PETER JENSEN.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.