IMPROVEMENTS TVDITING CERTAIN PARTS OF ROOMS AND SHADE AND IN THE MBANG EMPLOYED PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
TVDITING CERTAIN PARTS OF ROOMS AND SHADE AND IN THE MBANG EMPLOYED
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1859.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UNITING CERTAIN PARTS OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved constructions and formations of
fastenings for uniting the soles and heels of boots and shoes to each other, and
for securing the soles to the uppers, and consists in the employment of a metal
peg, having a square-shouldered and regular shaped head, which is completely
finished and formed thereon by any suitable apparatus, so that when inserted
into the shoe, the operation of "rasping" or "smoothing" is dispensed with, and
rendered unnecessary, as the external finished portions of the fastenings givo
a finish to the sole. In some cases I make the fastenings shouldered, and of
various forms, so that when the outer head or shoulder is worn away, the next

page_text: or smaller bead or shoulder will still continue to hold the material. The
heads of the fastenings above referred to are intended to be recessed wholly or
partially in a countersunk portion of the perforation. The points of the
fastenings should be wedged or chisle-pointed, or so tapered as to insure easy
clenching or rivetting when desired on the inside.
Another essential feature of my Invention is the forming of grooves, marks,
or other devices or ornamental designs upon the heads of driven fastenings
used in the securing of the parts of boots or shoes, such marks or designs
serving in the case of chisle-pointed fastenings to guide the workman in
placing them in their holes, so that the chisle points may all be in any desired
direction, and consequently the clenching of the fastenings effected also in any
desired direction; and has also special reference to external appearance,
which may resemble square-headed screw, or any other ornamental device,
and some of which are more especially adapted for being inserted in counter-
sunk bottoms.
The Figures below represent various forms of fastenings, constructed accord-
ing to this Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand cight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Julian Bernard, Her special license that I, the said Julian
Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UNITING CERTAIN PARTS OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Julian Bernard, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immedi-
ately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My said Invention relates to certain improved forms of fastenings for
uniting the soles and heels of boots and shoes to each other, and for securing
the soles to the uppers, and consists in the application and use to and for such
purposes of metal pegs having square-shouldered and regular shaped finished:
heads formed thereon by any suitable apparatus, and presenting such an
external appearance, that when these improved and finished fastenings. are
inserted into the shoe, the usual operation of rasping or "smoothing" is
entirely dispensed with and rendered unnecessary, the external finished

page_text: portions of the fastenings giving a finished and ornamental appearance to the
sole without any further manipulation whatever. These fastenings may be
made of various forms, and in some cases may be made with one or more
additional shoulders to that formed by the head, so that when the outer head
or shoulder is worn away, the next or smaller head or shoulder will still
continue to hold the material. The heads of my improved fastenings are
intended to be contained wholly or partially in a recessed or countersunk
portion of the perforation. The fastening should be made with wedge or
chisel points, or should be so tapered as to insure easy clenching or rivetting
when desired on the inside of the boot or shoe.
© Another essential feature of my said Invention is, the forming of grooves,
marks, or other devices or ornamental designs upon the beads of driven
fastenings used in the securing of the parts of boots and shoes, such marks or
designs serving in the case of chisel-pointed fastenings to guide the workman
when placing them into their holes, so that he may so insert them that the
chisel points may all be in any one desired direction, and consequently the
clenching of the fastenings effected in any one desired direction. I may here
observe, that I make use of the term "driven fastenings" for the purpose of
distinguishing my fastenings from those of the screwed class, which are
intended to be inserted by a rotatory motion imparted by a screw-driver, or
other mechanical contrivance for that purpose; whereas, my improved
fastenings are intended to be inserted by the aid of a hammer, or by direct
pressure. This latter portion of my Invention it will thus be seen has special
reference to the external appearance of the fastenings, which may be made to
resemble square-headed screws, or assume any other ornamental form or
device, some of which are more especially adapted for being inserted into
countersunk holes or bottoms.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
This Sheet of Drawings represents various examples of the forms to which
my fastenings may be manufactured. Figure 1 represents an end and side
elevation of my most simple form of fastening, consisting of a shank a, provided
either with a flat chisel point, as shewn in Figure 3, or with a round tapered
point; this shank is formed with a square-shouldered, circular, or other
shaped head b, this head is represented in the Drawing as being circular; but

page_text: I also propose to make it of any other suitable and regular form; for example,
it may be six-sided, as shewn in Figure 9, octagonal, triangular, square, or
oval. Of whatever form, however, the head be made, it is most essential that
it be perfectly finished as regards its manufacture before the fastening is
driven into the shoe, so that there will be no necessity for rasping or smoothing
the heads of the fastenings after they have been driven into the sole. This
fastening is represented as having a slot or groove cut across its head, after
the fashion adopted for screw fastenings; but the surface of the head may be
left entirely plain, or unornamented if preferred.
In Figure 2 I give an example of another form of fastening, wherein the
shank in lieu of being made cylindrical, or with parallel sides up to within a
short distance from the point, as in the first described fastening (Figure 1), it
is made conical, so as to taper gradually on all sides from the square shoulder
of the head to the point. The head is here represented as having an
ornamental device in the form of a star formed upon it. Figure 3 represents
a flat or chisel-pointed fastening, having a slightly tapered or conical head;
Figure 4 shews a double-shouldered fastening, an additional head or shoulder c
being formed between the shank a and main or external head b, so that on
the head b becoming worn off, the extra shoulder c still serves as a head;
Figure 5 represents a three-shouldered fastening with the head ornamented
by a device formed thereon. In Figure 6 the under side of the head of the
fastening is bevelled, or made slightly conical, and an additional shoulder is
formed on the shank, which may be tapered and pointed, as shewn, or
cylindrical and chisel-pointed, as in Figure 8; Figure 7 represents a bevilled-
headed fastening similar to that shewn at Figure 6, but without the additional
shoulder; the shank also is shewn as being made of a cylindrical form, or with
parallel sides. Figure 8 shews the application of the same bevilled head to a
tapered or conical shank; Figure 9 represents a fastening formed with a
hexagonal-shaped square-shouldered head; Figure 10 represents a fastening
formed with a square-shouldered circular head, as in Figure 1, but in place of
a groove cut across the head, a rib or projection is formed thereon, as shewn
in the Drawing. In Figure 11 two of such ribs or projections are applied
to a similar fastening; and in Figure 12 the opposite sides of the head are
notched or cut away, so as to form or leave a broad rib or projection on the
head. It is obvious that these designs or figures on the heads of the fastenings
may be varied to any extent, so long as they are (in the case of chisel-pointed
fastenings) of such a nature as to indicate clearly to the workman the exact
position or direction of the flat sides of the chisel points, and so guide him

page_text: when inserting them that he may always keep them in a uniform direction,
and thereby ensure their being clenched one way.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general constructions of fastenings for uniting certain parts of
boots and shoes, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use to and in the securing or uniting of certain
parts of boots and shoes of driven fastenings formed with finished heads, of
any regular shape or configuration, whereby the usual operation of rasping or
smoothing of the heads of the fastenings after they have been inserted is
rendered unnecessary, as herein-before described.
Third, the forming of fastenings for uniting certain parts of boots and shoes
with two or more shoulders, so that as the outer head or shoulder wears away
the next shoulder will serve as a head, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the forming of slots, projections, or other marks or devices upon
the heads of driven fastenings used in uniting certain parts of boots and shoes,
for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
מנממ זי..
JULIAN BERNARD. (.)