IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING WOOD
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Benson, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING WOOD."-A communication
from abroad by John Richards, of Philadelphia, Pensylvania,
United States of North America
Sealed the 30th November 1869, and dated the 15th June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Benson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1869.
I, MARTIN BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING WOOD," a
communication to me from abroad by John Richards, of Philadelphia,
Pensylvania, United States of North America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in planing machines
for planing wood, and consists,-
First. In so arranging the vertical or matching spindles of a com-
pound planing and matching machines that when the matcher or

page_text: tongueing and grooving heads are removed the timber may pass over
the top of those spindles without changing their position, or in
arranging by proper mechanism to lower the spindles with the cutter
heads attached sufficiently for the same purpose, and thus adapt the
same machine to planing and matching or to planing alone.
A second part of these improvements relate to the manner of
supporting and adjusting the feed rolls of planing machines by means
of a sliding block working upon a standard on the face of which is a
pivoted box to receive the roll shafts, so arranged that the rolls will
be free to yield to the irregularities of the timber without cramping
their bearings or the adjusting screws which pass through and are
threaded into this block.
A third part consists in attaching roll weights to the adjusting screws
by a swivel joint in such manner that the position of the weights and
levers are not changed by adjusting the rolls for timber of different
thicknesses, and yet are free to yield to suit the irregularities of the
timber when the rolls are in action.
A fourth feature in these improvements is in the application of
beading or moulding cutter heads to planing machines by forming their
bearings on or attaching them to the pressure bars, so that the depth of
their cut shall be guided by the surface of the timber, and no special
adjustment of such cutter heads be needed.
A fifth part of these improvements consist in the manner of gearing
and driving the top or yielding roll to allow of sufficient expansion to
accommodate timber of different sizes, and consist in arranging the
wheels that are fastened to the rolls to rotate in different planes and be
made therefore larger in diameter than the rolls themselves; the inter-
mediate wheels connecting those fixed to the rolls are three in number,
two mounted on either end of a short shaft that has a fixed bearing in
the framing of the machine. Around this shaft and within its bearing
is a sleeve joined to or formed solid with a radial arm that carries the
third intermediate wheel, the bearing of which is linked to the axis of
the top.roll in such manner as to drive it possitively and yet allow free
expansion.
A sixth part of these improvements relate to the use of a friction
clutch for driving the feeding mechanism of planing machines, and is
applied to the driving shaft, and the first mover in the train of pullies and

page_text: gears for driving the feed rolls, in such manner as to avoid the breaking
of the gears in sudden starting, and from the feed motion being
obstructed.
Sevently. These improvements relate to an adjustable pressure bar
consisting of a number of pieces of wood or iron confined in a box or
housing in such manner that when loosed they will adjust themselves to
the profile of any kind of irregular surface that may be formed on the
timber, and is particularly applicable to keeping mouldings down upon
the bed of planing machines after they have received the action of the
cutters.
Eightly. Another feature consists in the application of elastic pressure
guards to the matching or tongueing and grooving heads which keep
the board down firmly upon the bed at the point when these cutter
heads act, and also press upon the wood close up to the cutting
point to prevent the raising of splinters, and consists in the special
mechanism employed for that purpose.
Ninthly. These improvements further relate to an improved plan of
arranging the under or second surfacing cylinder of combining its
supports with the rear bed piece, so that it can be adjusted to any depth
of cut without changing the knives or bed pieces.
And, finally. To providing a detachable bed piece below or opposite
the main cutting cylinders in planing machines made of hard material,
and so arranged as to be readily removed to repair when worn by the
abrasion of the timber.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Martin Benson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th December 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARTIN
BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight- hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and

page_text: grant unto me, the said Martin Benson, Her special licence that I, the
said Martin Benson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Martin Benson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PLANING WOOD,"
a communication to me from abroad by John Richards, of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, United States of North America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Martin Benson, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in tlie Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martin Benson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in planing machines
for planing wood, and consists,―
First. In so arranging the vertical or matching spindles of a compound
planing and matching machine that where the matching or tongucing
and grooving heads are removed the timber may pass over the top of
those spindles without changing their position, or they may be arranged
by proper mechanism to lower the spindles with the centre heads attached
sufficiently for the same purpose, and thus adapt the same machine to
planing and matching or to planing alone.
A second part of these improvements relate to the manner of sup-
porting and adjusting the feed rolls of planing machines by means of a
sliding block working upon a standard, on the face of which is a pivotted
box to receive the roll shaft, so arranged that the rolls will be free to
yield to the irregularities of the timber without cramping their bearings,
or the adjusting screws which pass through and are threaded into this
block.

page_text: A third part consists in attaching roll weights to the adjusting screws
by a swivel joint in such manner that the position of the weights and
levers is not changed by adjusting the rolls for timber of different
thicknesses, and yet are free to yield to suit the irregularities of the
timber when the rolls are in action.
A fourth feature in these improvements is in the application of
beading or moulding cutter heads to planing machines by forming
their bearings on or attaching them to the pressure bars, so that the
depth of their cut shall be guided by the surface of the timber, and no
special adjustment of such cutter heads be needed.
A fifth part of these improvements consists in the manner of gearing
and driving the top or yielding roll to allow of sufficient expansion to
accommodate timber of different sizes, and consists in arranging the wheels
that are fastened to the rolls to rotate in different planes, and be made
therefore larger in diameter than the rolls themselves; the intermediate
wheels connecting those fixed to the rolls are three in number, two-
mounted on either end of a short shaft which has a fixed bearing in.
the framing of the machine. Around this shaft and within its bearing is
a sleeve joined to or formed solid with a radial arm which carries the
third intermediate wheel, the bearing of which is linked to the axis of:
the top roll in such manner as to drive it positively and yet allow free.
expansion.
A sixth part of these improvements relates to the use of a friction
clutch for driving the feeding mechanism of planing machines, and is
applied to the driving shaft, and the first mover in the train of the
pullies and gears for driving the .feed rolls, in such manner as to avoid
the breaking of the gear in sudden starting and from the feed motion
being obstructed.
Seventhly. These improvements relate to an adjustable pressure bar
consisting of a number of pieces of wood or iron confined in a box or
housing in such manner that when loosed they will adjust themselves
to the profile of any kind of irregular surface that may be formed on the
timber, and is particularly applicable to keeping mouldings down upon
the bed of planing machines after they have received the action of the
cutters.
Eighthly. Another feature consists in the application of elastic pressure
guards to the matching or tongueing and grooving heads which keep the

page_text: board down firmly upon the bed at the point where these cut heads act,
and also press upon the wood close up to the cutting point to prevent
the raising of splinters, and consists in the special mechanism employed
for that purpose.
Ninthly. These improvements further relate to an improved plan of
arranging the under or second surfacing cylinder by combining its
supports with the rear bed piece, so that it can be adjusted to any depth
of cut without changing the knives or bed pieces.
And, finally. In providing a detachable bed piece below or opposite the
main cutting cylinders in planing machines made of hard material, and
so arranged as to be readily removed to repair when worn by the abrasion
of the timber.
i
To comprehend the improvements of this Invention it is not con-
sidered necessary to shew the plans of a complete planing machine by
drawings, that is, such plans as would include the main framing with
the ordinary mechanism attached, as my improvements are applicable.
to any form of ordinary or compound planing machine, and can be fully
understood by the following detailed description, and be applied by
persons skilled in the art of constructing such machines.
This Invention relates to machines for planing wood wherein the
wood is planed and shaped by the action of rotary cutters, and is appli-
cable in some of its features to machines when fixed cutters are
employed for this purpose, and has for its object the adaptation of such
machines to a greater range of work with greater convenience of adjust-
ment of the several parts, and may be described as consisting,-
. First. In so arranging the vertical or side cutting spindles in such
machines that they can with their bearings and cutter heads be adjusted
to a position below the timber as it passes through the machine, and thus
allow the timber to pass through the plane occupied by these side cutter
heads when their action is not wanted.
Also, in another means of accomplishing the same result in such
machines by the manner in which the cutter heads are attached to
the spindles in which arrangement the spindle does not pass through
the cutter head nor project above the fixed beds on which the timber
moves.
The event nature of those improvements will be understood hv

page_text: reference to Sheet 1. of the accompanying Drawings in which Fig. 1
represents a jacket carrying a vertical spindle; Fig. 3 is a cutter head, and
Fig. 2 the top or main surfacing cutter head of a wood planing machine.
a is a sliding carrier, having bearings c and d formed on it, and gibed
into the bracket f in the usual manner of forming sliding joints; this
carrier a is with the bearings c and d, and spindle g and cutter head h
are moved by the spur pinion shewn in dotted lines at i, Fig. 1, and can
he moved downward far enough to allow the timber k to pass over the
bolt 1, or the top of the spindle itself, if the bolt was not used; in this
movement the weight m makes about one and one-half revolution,
stopping in the position indicated by the dotted lines at n. Instead of
the rack and pinion movement for adjusting the position of such
spindles screws actuated by bevel gearing may be employed, the
mechanism being immaterial so that the result is obtained. The lower
bearing d can be arranged to move alone, and the other bearing c be
fixed, in which case the spindle slides down through the upper bearing
until the board % will pass over its top as before described. When the
bearings are fixed vertically and do not have the adjustment before.
described the main results of this arrangement can be attained by the
manner of attaching the cutter head to the spindle as illustrated in. the
same Drawings and before referred to; the cutter head his bored through
to receive the bolt 1, and when mounted stands on the flange o shewn in
dotted lines on the top of spindle g; there is a short projection S above
this flange that fits into a corresponding socket 8 in the head h which
serves to centre the head on the spindle, or the flange o may be recessed
into the head for the same purpose. The head is held down upon the
flange o and connected firmly with the spindle g by means of the bolt 1,
and is kept from turning by the dowell t, which fits into a recess t in
the head h, as shewn by dotted lines. It may be readily understood that
when the bolt and head are removed from the top of spindle g the
timber can pass over without the necessity of changing the position of
the spindle.
Another portion of these improvements consists in the method of
supporting and adjusting the feeding rolls of wood planing machines,
and will be understood by reference to Sheet 2 of the Drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side and Fig. 2 a front elevation of a pair of feeding rolls
with the improved bearings and adjusting mechanism, and Fig. 3 is a
perspective elevation of the frame of a planing machine with a pair

page_text: of rolls mounted in the same manner. Similar letters of reference on
the different Figures on Sheet 2 indicate corresponding parts.
d, d, are the feeding rolls, and e supports bolted to the frame.f; a is
a sliding block or carrier, on the front of which is mounted a pivotted
bearing 6 for the roll shaft c; the screws g, g, are threaded through the
carriers a, a, and move them up and down upon the standard e, e, to
accommodate timber of different thicknesscs between the rolls d, d; the.
bearings 6 are held against the carriers a by means of a circular flange
which extends beneath the gib piece a, these flanges being oarried readily
from the centre of the bearing are left free to move beneath the gibs
o and allow the bearing 6 to adjust itself in the line of the axis of
the roll, and thus allow the top roll to yield and accommodate itself to
any irregularities in the timber before it has been reduced by the action
of the cutters. This will be better understood by saying thus :-In wide
planing machines when the timber is not parallel as to thickness and
where a parallel adjustment of the roll would not allow it to bear on
all parts of the stuff this yielding bearing accomplishes the purpose
without oramping the bearings.
Another part of this Invention is in a method of weighting the feeding
rolls of planing machines to secure the necessary compression on the
timber, or in other terms to create the grip on the stuff as it passes
between the rolls.
Reference to the same Drawing Sheet 2 will assist in explaining its
nature and the manner of constituting the same; m is the weight and
n the lever on which it is mounted; t is the fixed fulcrum of the lever
and & a link connecting it with the adjusting screw 9; when the top
roll is raised by the timber it raises with it the link s, lever n, and
weight m causing a pressure on the timber in proportion to the weight m,
and the relation of the fulcrums of lever n, the carrier a sliding up and
down on the standard e as the timber varies in thickness. The screws
g sliding through their bearings in the cap piece y to accommodate this
motion, To adjust the top roll the screw is rotated by means
of the hand wheel or other mechanism, and the roll is raised or
lowered without affecting or in any manner changing the position of the
lever nor weight m, the screw turning freely in the swivel joint at
P. The lower end of the screw 9 is usually pointed and arranged to
rest on the frame to receive the strain of the weight, and thus leave
nothing but the top roll and its supports to raise in adjusting it. For

page_text: greater convenience, and where the thickness of the timber is often
changed, the hand wheel should be replaced with gear wheels con-
nected with a cross shaft so that both ends can be adjusted equally and
at one operation, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art
of making machines. Different modifications of the mechanism to
produce the same result could be made, and when desired the levers
and weights can be placed above the roll. This arrangement could be
reversed by any one skilled in the art and without making any new In-
vention in such arrangement.
Another arrangement which I have sometimes adopted and con-
stitutes an application of the same principle is in attaching the second
fulcrum W of the lever n to a nut through which the adjusting screw g
works, and the same result is attained so far as the relative movement
of the top roll is concerned.
Another feature of these improvements in planing machines relates
to the combination of a cutter head with the rear pressure bar of such
machines for the purpose of forming beads, grooves, or other configura-
tions of the surface of the timber after it has been acted upon by the.
main cutter head and reduced to a uniform thickness, and will be under-
stood from a description without the aid of Drawings to illustrate it. In
a planing machine after the wood has passed the main cutter head a
pressure bar or platen is needed to keep it down firmly upon the bed,
and this Invention as stated consists in mounting the bearings of a
cutter shaft in such pressure bar or platen, so that the cutter head will
have a coincident movement with the bar or platen and tho depth of
the cut be regulated by the surface of the timber. The object of this
arrangement will be better understood by saying that in mounting the
bearings of a cutter shaft in this manner it requires no independent
adjustment as in the case of the other cutter heads, and is at all times
in position to work at a uniform depth from the adjustment of the
pressure bar or platen which would otherwise have to be made the
same, whether combined with the bearings of a cutter shaft or simply
used to hold the timber down. This cutter shaft can be driven by a
belt from the shaft of the main cutter head which has of course the
same relative position at all times, and the belt has a uniform tension
as will be readily understood.
Another part of these improvements in planing machines relates
to a system of expansive gearing for feeding rolls wherein the rolls

page_text: are geared together, and yet allowed to expand to receive timber of
different diminsions, the gearing acting the same at all points within
the range of its adjustment, and consists in arranging the gear wheels
on the top and bottom rolls to rotate in different planes, thereby allowing
them to be made of greater diameter than the rolls themselves, and
in mounting the wheels known as intermediate gears on a pivotted
radial arm having a cylindrical extension surrounding the axis of the
second mover in the train. This radial arm serving to hold the train
of wheels rigidly in the plane of their rotation, dispensing with the
usual number of links.
By reference to Sheet 3 of the Drawings the mechanism can be
readily explained. Fig. 1 is a perspective elevation of a pair of feeding
rolls with the improved expansive gearing applied at both ends, and
Fig. 2 shews details of the same. a, a, are a pair of feeding rolls mounted
in vertical supports b, b; the top roll is adjusted to and from the bottom
roll by means of the screws c, c, and moveable bearings d, d, in the
usual manner. There is formed on the framing or supports b, b, the
shells e, e, for receiving the cylindrical extension f on the radial
supports g, g; through this extension shell is fitted a short shaft
carrying on either end the gears i, i, which are screwed on with threads
reverse to the course of their rotation or keyed on in the usual manner.
The gears m, m, are provided with bearings o, o, of good length and
are kept in position by the link p, the radial arm g swinging freely
backward and forward as the top roll is raised or lowered, and thus
preserving the relative distance between the axis of the different gears
composing the train. It will be observed in this system of expansive
gearing that the gears have each long and sufficient bearings, and the
pitch lines run continually together, and what is of greatest importance
the main gears on the rolls can be of greater diameter than the rolls
themselves and proportionately stronger, for this reason the strain upon
the teeth being as the diameter of the wheels where a given amount
of power is to be transmitted.
Another part of these improvements consists in an improved mechanism
for starting and stopping the feeding rolls of wood planing machines,
in such manner that there is no shock nor jar to the teeth of the
gearing driving them, and so that they are gradually and not instantly
thrown into motion, and so arranged as to yield and allow the rolls to
stop in case the timber should meet with any positive obstruction in
passing through the machine.

page_text: This Invention will be explained by referring to Fig. 1, Sheet 4, of
the Drawings, which shews a vertical longitudinal section through the
mechanism for starting and stopping the rolls and gearing. a is the
driving shaft of a planing machine which carries the pullies from which
the cutter heads are driven; b, b, are two supports or bearings for
this shaft; c is a flange fastened to and revolving with shaft a; d is a
cone pulley on which the feed band of the machine runs and is loose
on the shaft a; e is a washer of leather, or other suitable material,
interposed between the cone pulley d and flange c; f is a cylindrical
bearing for the shaft a, and has screw threads formed on its exterior,
and is taped into the support 6 in such manner that in rotating
it moves slightly forward and backward through the support b, as will
be understood from the Drawing. At g there is interposed antifriction
washers to prevent abrasion between the bearing f and pulley d.
The operation may be described as follows:-To start the cone pulley
d the bearing f is slightly turned by means of handle h, this causes
it to press against the pulley d, which is in turn pressed against the
friction disc e and flange c; this plate e being continuously in motion
carries with it the pulley d, by means of the frictional contact with
disc e. To stop the feed of the machine the handle h is moved in the
opposite direction, and the pressure being relieved on the flange c the
cone pulley stops, having nothing to drive it except its lubricated
bearing on shaft a. In practical operation but little pressure is needed
to drive the pulley d, and when the pressure is graduated so as to
perform the feeding functions of the machine only it will as before
stated yield to any positive obstruction offered to the feeding rolls or
gearing of the machine without straining or breaking the parts.
Another portion of the improvements consists in an adjustable or
profile pressure bar for keeping the timber down firmly upon the bed
after it has been shaped by the cutters, and so arranged as to conform
to any configuration of surface in that class of planing known as
moulding.
By reference to Fig. 2 on Sheet 4 of the Drawings a clear description
of this Invention may be made. a is the pressure bar; b is a wood
moulding shewn in cross section; d, d, are stands for supporting the
pressure bar a; e, e, are adjusting screws to regulate the height and
pressure of the bar a; s, 8, are clamping screws to confine the pieces c,

page_text: as herein-after described. The pressure bar a has a rectangular opening
through which a number of pieces of wood or other material c are
inserted; these pieces c are fitted loosely in bar a, and when released
by the clamping screws 8, 8, fall down, and fit themselves to the
surface of the moulding in the manner shewn, and when clamped in
that position form a matrix of its profile with a contact of each piece,
and hold it firmly to the bed. The same device can be used on plane
surfaces and dispenses with the necessity of matrix blocks hitherto used
for this purpose.
Another portion of my improvements relate to pressure guards
employed in combination with the vertical spindles of a planing
machine, and consists of a spring guard to press against the wood
immediately behind the cutters in combination with a clamping guard
at the same point for keeping the board down upon the bed, the whole
being combined in such manner as to be readily removed when the
machine is used for purposes where they are not wanted, their adaptation
being more particularly to the planing of flooring boards.
This device is illustrated on Sheet 5 of the Drawings, in which Fig. 1,
is a top view of one of the vertical cutter heads of a planing machine
with the improved guard applied, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the guard
detached from the machine. The several parts will be distinguished as
follows: a is a matching or tongue and grooving head of a planing
machine; B is the bed piece on the top of the bracket that holds the
spindle of the head a, and corresponds to B in Fig. 1 on Sheet 1 of the
Drawings; e is a pressure plate or pad made adjustable and held by the
bolt to keep the stuff down firmly upon the bed B; d is the detach-
able frame piece and is screwed down upon the face of the bed B by
bolts as shewn; f is an elastic pressure pad or bar, and c a flooring
board as it passes through the machine; the frame or holder d is bored
out to receive the shank of the bar f, which is reduced and surrounded
by a coiled spring g, as shewn in the dotted lines; this spring keeps the
point of constantly pressed against the edge of the board c; this bar f
is bevelled on its front angle, as seen at m, to allow the board to be entered
by pressing the bar back and compressing the spring. The nut on the end
off regulates the range of movement and keeps in the socket. The
objects and mode of using the pressure plate e is sufficiently plain from
the former description.

page_text: Another portion of my improvements is the arrangement of the under or
bottom cutter head of such machines in such manner that it can be
instantly changed to take off more or less wood without changing the
cutters and giving the timber a true bearing through the whole length of
the of the machine both in front and rear of this cylinder or cutter head.
The bearings, for the axis of the lower cutter heads in planing
machines have generally been built firmly on or attached to the main
framing of the machine, and to regulate the depth of cut the cutters
themselves had to be let out or in as the case might require, while no
arrangement, so far as I know, has been employed to combine the
bearings of the cutter head with a moveable bed, and thus retain the
pressure line of the bed through the machine.
The manner of carrying this Invention into effect will be understood
by referring to Sheet 6 of the Drawings, in which Fig. 2 is a side
clevation shewing the manner of arranging the under cutter heads of
planing machines, and Fig. 1 is a reduced view of the rear end of the
machine.
A represents a part of the main frame of a planing machine, and B
a bracket carrying the cutter head c, the top at o forming the continued
bed of the machine; e is the fixed bed on the main frame a, and d is a
piece of timber as it passes through the machine and shews the action
of the cutter head c at the two lines m and n, Fig. 2. The bracket B is
held by the bolts / and is adjusted up and down to regulate the depth of
cut by means of inclined planes 8, 8, and wedge piece f and the
adjusting screw i. When the cutting head c is not in action the bed B is
lowered until the lines m, n, coincide, and the bed of the machine becomes
a true line throughout its whole length as will be understood, the opera-
tion being simple as well as the mechanism no further description will
be needed to explain it than by referring to Sheet 6 of the Drawings.
The remaining portion of my improvements consists in a detachable
bed piece under the main or top cutting cylinder of such machines as
a ready means of removing and renewing this part of the bed, which is
subject to much more wear than other portions of it caused by the
frictional action of the timber, particularly when such timber has been
dried in the air, and consequently loaded with grit and dust. These
detachable beds are made of glass, steel, or any hard material and

page_text: connected by any suitable mechanism to the main bed or framing, so as
to be readily removed at any time without interfering with other parts
of the machine. No Drawings are needed to explain this portion of the
improvement, as any one skilled in the art of making planing
machines will from this description be able to construct and use it.
Having thus explained the several parts of my improvements in wood
planing machines, what I consider now and therefore claim is,--
Firstly. The mechanism for adjusting the vertical or side spindles
and their cutter heads to a position below the line of the bed, or any
other appliance substantially the same, for producing this result in a
combined moulding and planing machine, and also the method of
attaching the vertical or side cutter heads to their spindles, in the
manner shewn on Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Secondly. The manner of supporting and adjusting the feeding rolls
of wood planing machines, illustrated on Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
Thirdly. The manner of connecting the weights with the feeding rolls
of a planing machine herein described, and shewn on Sheet 2 of the
Drawings.
Fourthly. The attaching of an auxiliary cutter head to the pres-
sure plate of a planing machine, substantially as described in this
Specification.
Fifthly. The combination of gearing in the manner described with
the feeding rolls of a planing machine, substantially as set forth in this
Specification, and illustrated on Sheet 3 of the Drawings.
Sixthly. The frictional mechanism, or any other substantially the
same, in combination with the feeding gearing of a planing machine
as a means of stopping and starting the feed, and for the objects set forth
in this Specification.
Seventhly. The adjustable or profile pressure bar applied to the timber
after it has been shaped by the cutters, constructed as herein described,
or in any manner substantially the same.
Eighthly. The elastic or spring pressure guard in combination with
the top pressure pad operating in combination with the vertical or side
cutter heads of a planing machine, constructed substantially as described
and shewn on Sheet 5 of the Drawings.
3

page_text: Ninthly. The arrangement and combination of the under or bottom
cutter heads of a planing machine with a portion of the bed of the
machine, and operated in the manner and for the purposes herein
described.
Tenthly. A detachable bed plate applied in the manner and for the
purposes set forth in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martin Benson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
MARTIN BENSON. (L.S.)