matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Holden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1859.
I, GEORGE HOLDEN, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus to be used in connection with the clutch boxes of mules, whereby
the clutches may be locked or held in gear when in action, thereby preventing
the accidental slipping or disengagement of the clutch. In applying this
Invention to the carriage motion of a self-acting mule, two brackets or
supports are bolted one on each side of the mule-head framing, and serve to
support the ends of a transverse rod or bar laid between them. This rod is
fitted with two lever arms, one of which, when elevated, presents itself imme-
diately behind the boss of the sliding clutch of the drawing-up machanism,
and in this position effectually prevents the clutch becoming accidentally dis-
engaged. The weight of the second lever arm keeps the first arm in its
elevated position, and consequently maintains the clutch locked; but when
the carriage is brought up, the faller bar, or other convenient portion of the
carriage, is made to pass under the second lever arm and thereby elevate it, at
the same time depressing the first arm and releasing the clutch, which is then

page_text: free to be slid back over the arm to admit of the disengagement of the clutch.
It is obvious that a similar arrangement may be applied to the clutches of the
mechanism which actuates the drawing rollers, and generally in all cases
where a locking motion for a clutch box is deemed requisite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO ENGRAVING AND PRINTING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sims at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1859.
.I,
I, THOMAS SIMS, of Conduit Street, Regent Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY TO ENGRAVING AND PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
I employ a film of collodion either alone or covered with albumen or gela-
tine, or similar preservative substance on a surface of glass or talc, or other
suitable material, and I produce the photographic picture upon it either in the
wet or dry state in the ordinary manner, I then submit the film to the action
of bichloride of mercury and ammonio-chloride of gold or other chemicals
capable of causing the lines of the picture to swell or rise and become
absorbent as already known. This operation is however not always. neces-
sary. I then cover the film with a thin coat of varnish, which speedily. dries
on the porous raised lines or parts, leaving the other parts wet or damp. I
then dust over the picture a quantity of powdered resin, or gluten, or gum,.or
plumbago, or metallic powders, or starch, or sand, or other suitable powder,
which adheres to the wet parts, and does not adhere to the dry parts. The picture
is now in a fit state for printing or transferring either to paper; or to transfer
paper, or other suitable flexible material, or directly to stone, or to copper or
steel, or zinc, so as to produce a lithograph, or to be etched by acids, or other-
wise converted into a printing surface or plate by the aid of the known means

page_text: for that purpose. I also make electrotypes from the films prepared as above
mentioned after metallizing the surface, or rendering it a conductor of elec-
tricity. In some cases I apply plumbago, or other suitable powder to the
film without varnish, and it then adheres chiefly to the raised lines or parts,
and can be transfered or electrotyped. Or, I thoroughly dry the film on the 5
glass, and coat it or not with oil of turpentine or other essential oil, and then
apply resin or other suitable powder, and fix it by heat, and I then etch the
glass by hydrofluoric acid. The glass so etched is then used for printing, or
the pictures may be preserved on the glass itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES IN STREETS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Owen Rowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1859.
I, OWEN ROWLAND, of 4, Chapel Street West, May Fair, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAYING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES IN STREETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in laying electric telegraph
wires in streets. For this purpose I employ iron troughs furnished with
covers suitably constructed to form part of the pavement of a street; these
troughs are by preference laid end to end by the side of the kerbstone of the
street, and are fitted together with sockets, and the covers drop into their
places on the troughs when the insulated wires have been laid within them.
The covers are locked after they have been laid on the troughs by sliding
them a short distance endways, when hooks with which they are furnished
pass under projections formed for them. In this manner a continuous trough
is formed, which can be laid open from end to end if any defect should occur.
in the insulated wires, without disturbing the pavement of the street.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne and
Lazarus Simon Magnus at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th September 1859.
FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of No. 3, Adelaide Place, in the City of
London, Engineer, and LAZARUS SIMON MAGNUS, of the same Place,
Merchant, do hereby declare that this Invention has for its object "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES," and consists in the holding together of longi-
tudinal hempen, silk, fibrous, metallic, or other cords, wires, or strands ranged
round an insulated conductor or conductors by paying round the cable so
surrounded with wire, first, with one layer passing round the cable in one
direction, and then with a second layer in a contrary direction.
The Invention also consists in covering the said longitudinal surroundings
and bindings with a preservative compound of india-rubber, shellac, resin, and
vegetable wax, with pitch, so as to give the cable a smooth and regular
exterior surface.
In some cases I cover a telegraphic cable, constructed as above described, or
otherwise, with a coating or network of wire, hair, or fibrous material, the
wires or yarns, or cords of hair, or fibrous material being interlaced or linked
together to form the coating or network, by causing each wire, yarn, or cord
to twist or link with the wire, yarn, or cord on each side of it alternately as
it passes along the cable.
Or a similar coating or network may be produced by causing the wires,
yarns, or cords employed to pass round the cable spirally; one set of wires,

page_text: cords, or yarns passing from right to left, and another set from left to right,
the wires, cords, or yarns of the two sets twisting together where they cross
each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thos. Paramore Purssglove at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1859.
I, THOS. PARAMORE PURSSGLOVE, Battersea, Surrey, do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS," to be-
as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in barometers, and one of the objects.
which is held in view is to produce an instrument which is not liable to the
oscillations to which the barometers at present in use are found to be subject
to. It is also applicable to all purposes which are required in navigation,
scientific experiments, as an ornament to a wall, or it can be used as a walking
stick. It can also be adapted or applied to ordinary mercurial barometers.
The novel features of my Invention consist in forming the mercurial
column in the following manner:-The mode of construction which I prefer
is to fix or adjust a chamber on the upper end of the mercurial column; this
chamber may have a depth of from four to five inches, with a breadth or lateral
capacity of any convenient width that may be required. From the lower end
of this chamber I lead a spiral, zig-zag, or straight tube or communication;
this tube passes down either a portion or down the whole of the remaining
distance of the 31 inches of vertical height including the chamber & lower
portion of the pipe. To the lower part of this spiral tube or column of mercury
I attach a flexible bag or other depository which is in communication with the.

page_text: vertical column; this bag does not depend from the end of the column, but is
attached to certain suitable mechanism, which is so arranged or contrived as
to indicate the variations in the atmospheric pressure, which will cause a
corresponding increase or diminution in the weight of the mercury that is at
the lower end; this bag not being rigidly attached to the tube can be accu-
rately adjusted to the mechanism above referred to, and the weight thereof
will thereby be indicated.
By the above arrangement I produce an instrument which is not liable to
oscillation nor affected by temperature. Glass or any other convenient
material can be used in its construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS, AND IN COMBINING WITH INKSTANDS INSTRUMENTS FOR HOLDING AND DAMPING STAMPS, LABELS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Langford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1859.
I, JOHN LANGFORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufae-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN INKSTANDS, AND IN COMBINING WITH INKSTANDS INSTRUMENTS FOR HOLDING AND
DAMPING STAMPS, LABELS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist firstly, in applying to the dipping cup of an
inkstand a diaphragm of vulcanized india-rubber, the said diaphragm being
stretched over the dipping cup, and having a small perforation at its middle.
The pen is passed into and withdrawn from the ink through the diaphragm, and
on being withdrawn is prevented from bringing with it an excessive quantity
of ink by means of the said diaphragm. I also apply the said perforated
diaphragms to the holes in inkstands in which pens are held when not in use.
The diaphragms in this case serve to hold the pen securely as well as to
wipe it.
My improvements consist further in combining with inkstands instruments
for holding and damping stamps and other articles in the following manner :-
I form an ornamental vessel of glass or other material, and place across the
top of the said vessel a small shelf or support. An ordinary ink cup is dropped
into a hole formed at one end of the shelf, and a stamp or label damper is
formed on the other end of the shelf. The said damper consists of a flat
sponge and a strip of cloth. The latter dips into water contained in the vessel,

page_text: and keeps the damper moist. The vessel is provided with a cover on which
receptacles are formed for holding postage and receipt stamps or other labels,
and on the edge of the cover is a holder for a pen. The receptacles for stamps
are provided with covers. A camel hair or other brush may be attached by
an elestic cord to the vessel, the said brush being readily wetted by the damper,
and thus prepared for damping tissue paper for copying letters or writing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND IN PROJECTILES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by Robert Warry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1859.
I, ROBERT WARRY, of Brompton Barracks, in the County of Kent,
Armourer Sergeant, 3rd Depot Battalion, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND IN
PROJECTILES FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-.
My improvements in breech-loading ordnance consist in constructing the
breech and breech parts of ordnance as hereafter described, the breech and
breech parts so constructed being applicable either to new or to old ordnance.
Through the main breech of the gun I form a horizontal mortice or slot
extending from side to side, and within this I place a sliding block or carriage
which carries a breech piece for closing the bore, and a side recess or chamber
for receiving the ammunition. Through the extreme breech end, and in the
line of the bore, I form a threaded hole which receives a screw, and on the
inner end of the said screw I place a disc having teeth formed round a part
only of its circumference, such teeth taking into a rack attached to the sliding
block or carriage, to which block or carriage the disc when the screw is turned
imparts a transverse motion. When the screw is turned in one direction, the
carriage carries the ammunition opposite to the bore of the gun, and a ramrod
passed through the screw is then forced in and drives the ammunition into the
bore, which is slightly enlarged at the rear end to receive it. A reverse
motion is then imparted to the screw, and the carriage is thereby carried back

page_text: to its first position, cutting off the end of the cartridge as it goes, and when
this is done, the further motion of the screw in the same direction forces the
breech piece forward into the bore and closes it. The breech piece is faced
for this purpose with a copper facet forming a square shoulder, and beyond
that a hollow projection, which facet expands with the heat of the discharge,
and effectually closes the bore. In the side of the breech piece the nipple is
fixed, communicating with the interior of the same, and the gun is discharged
by a hammer worked by a lever, or by a lever and cord. While the piece is
being discharged another cartridge and projectile are introduced into the side
recess or chamber ready for a repetition of the operations already described.
I prefer to form the breech and breech parts of wrought iron or steel, and in
applying them to existing cast-iron or other ordnance, I connect the breech to
the body of the gun by screw threads, or other suitable means.
The simple
turning of a screw enables me to release and remove all the moving breech
parts, and thus render the gun unserviceable where desired.
My improvements in projectiles to be used with rifled cannon consist in
forming upon the outside of such projectiles a screw thread, and in winding
around such projectiles, and into and over the screw threads thereof hemp, flax,
cotton, or wool, until the whole projectile is enveloped in the same.
AN IMPROVED DIVING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Fréderic Vasserot, of 45, Essex Street,
Strand, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
DIVING APPARATUS."-A communication from Philippe Bigard, of Lyons,
in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 22nd September 1859, and dated the 28th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Fréderic Vasserot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th March 1859.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IN-
PROVED DIVING APPARATUS," a communication from Philip Bigard, of Lyons,
in the Empire of France, to be as follows, and consists of a garment formed
of metallic framework, the joints of which are covered with a waterproof
coating. By means of this garment a body sunk at the bottom of the sea or
a river may be visited, and chains fixed to it so as to raise it up. Each chain
enters into an iron tube, which pass at different inclinations through a large
cylinder of sheet iron; the upper part of each tube is furnished with a cheek
for holding the chain when it is drawn up. This sheet iron cylinder is con-

page_text: nected by means of coutchouc pipes with an air pump, and furnished with
valves for the admission and effluxion of water. It is placed on the surface,
and lowered by filling it with water as near as possible from the object to be
brought up. When the chains passing through it have been properly fixed,
the water is expelled from the cylinder by means of the air pump, and then it 5
will rise with the weight fixed to it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROSETTES OR ORNAMENTS, APPLICABLE TO HARNESS, & FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dowling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1859.
I, EDWARD DOWLING, of Little Queen Street, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Scale Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROSETTES OR ORNAMENTS, APPLICABLE TO HARNESS, &
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in rosettes or ornaments relate to rosettes and such like
ornaments of glass or porcelain, and consist in forming those articles with a
recess in the back part for the insertion of a piece of leather, cork, or other
material, which is cemented therein, and forms the means of attachment of
the rosette or ornament to the article to which it is to be applied. For
harness, I prefer leather, whereby the rosette or ornament may be sewn to
the parts of the harness desired; but instead of sewing, staples or other
contrivances may be adopted for the insertion or attaching of straps to secure
the rosette or ornament.
Instead of rosettes, the ornaments may be of any forms and devices suitable
for the purposes intended; and may be of glass or porcelain, plain, colored, or
otherwise ornamented in addition to the ornamental form they may possess.
Parts of carriages may be ornamented by the application of these rosettes
or ornaments; they are also applicable for the ornamentation of shop fronts,
show boards, & picture frames, in which case leather, cork, or other material,
inserted and cemented in the ornament, may be glued or otherwise
cemented to the parts desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Septimus Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1859.
I, SEPTIMUS BEARDMORE, of No. 27, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
I propose to effect an improvement on the present methods of constructing
electric telegraphs by a novel manner of generating the electricity employed to
work them. I make use of the voltaic arrangement of a single pair of positive
and negative substances, the positive metal or substance being in electrolytic
connection with the earth at one station, and the negative metal or substance
in similar connection with the earth at the other station, and the usual con-
ducting telegraph wire between the stations connecting them. I cause one or
both of the positive and negative metals or substances to rotate in a solution
which is in electrolytic connection with the earth, and by this means I obtain
an increased tension or electro-motive force. I am aware that the use of a
single pair of plates in the earth has been before patented under different forms
by Bain, Highton, and also by Messieurs Hoga, Piggott, and myself, and I
disclaim the methods of arrangement pointed out in these Patents; but I claim
as new the method herein described of generating electricity for the purposes
of telegraphy by the rotation of one or both of the positive and negative metals
(connected as a single galvanic couple) in a solution which is in electrolytic
connection with the earth,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS."
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Perkin, of King David Fort, St.
George's in the East, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Perkin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PERKIN, of King David Fort, St. George's in the East,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
coloring matters. For this purpose aniline, or its analogues, such as toluidine,
xylidine, and cumidine, is combined with perchloride of mercury, which is
heated to ebullition (about 180°), and maintained at that point for about half
an hour; the product is a deep red liquid, which solidifies on cooling. This is
boiled in a large quantity of water for some time; the aqueous liquor is then
decanted or filtered, and set aside to cool. This process is continued till the
water employed ceases to dissolve any mercury salts from the residues. The
liquors thus obtained deposit all the coloring matter they had taken up on

page_text: cooling, while all the soluble mercury compounds remain in solution. These
liquors are filtered, for the purpose of collecting all the coloring matter, which
is added to the residue, and boiled up in alcohol, which dissolves all the
coloring matter from the residue. This when filtered is ready for use.
MAKING TRANSPARENT METALLIC TWISTED COLUMNS, PILLARS, TUBES, ETC., FOR BEDSTEADS, GASELIERS, BUILDING, WARMING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1859.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, Civil Engineer, of 462, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"MAKING TRANSPARENT METALLIC TWISTED COLUMNS, PILLARS, TUBES, ETC., FOR
BEDSTEADS, GASELIERS, BUILDING, WARMING, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
The metal, cither solid or in tubes, is twisted in one or more threads round a
mandril, which can then be withdrawn; the ends can be fixed to a plate either
by soldering, casting, or otherwise, for ornamental and strengthening pur-
poses; the centre part of the column, etc., can be fitted with a coloured glass
tube or other materials, and the ouside with a reversed thread; the same
principle can be adopted for twisting glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1859. A communication from Monsieur Amans de Chavagneur,
residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan. Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from Monsieur
Amans de Chavagneur, residing at Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a new species of woven fabric,
wherein the weft threads are beaten up at various angles to the warp or in
undulating lines, in place of as hitherto being beaten up at right angles to the
warp. It is also proposed to undulate certain of the warp threads in the
production of these fabrics. The angular or undulating weft threads may be
used in combination or not with straight weft threads for the purpose of main-
taining an even width of fabric, but where this is not required, the straight or
right angled weft threads may be dispensed with. In carrying out this
Invention certain modifications upon the loom will be necessary.
The reeds should be made flexible and extensible so as to enable them to be
adjusted to the particular requirements, and the dents should be round in
place of flat, to prevent undue friction upon the warp when the reed is
beating up at an angle; a rigid reed may also be used when no change of

page_text: design is required in the piece, the reed being in that case constructed
specially for one design, an undulating weft, for example, at its upper portion,
whilst its lower half may be of the ordinary or straight construction,
so as to produce ordinary weaving. By raising or lowering the reed,
either undulated or straight weft threads may be produced.
Or the top
and bottom of the reed may be constructed for different designs and the
middle portion for plain weaving. The slay requires also to be mounted in a
peculiar manner, so as to enable it to be inclined to the right or left, as
required, whereby the weft may be beaten up in the form of a number of
fans, with their converging points or apices alternately on the right and left
selvages, a progressive motion being for that purpose imparted to either end
of the slay whilst the opposite end is maintained stationary. The angling of
the weft threads may also be effected by making the cloth beam conical, so as
to take up one selvage quicker than the other. The patterns may greatly
diversified by combining the jacquard with the loom. The warp may be
undulated also at intervals in the width of the piece, for which purpose separate
rollers or bobbins will be required for the undulated warp, so that the straight
warp will not be interfered with, and will serve to maintain the undulations of
the rest.
THE PRODUCTION OF A MOTIVE POWER, AND OF A PROJECTILE AND EXPLOSIVE FORCE TO BE USED IN INSTRUMENTS OF WAB
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thoinas Mossom Meekins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 29th
March 1859.
I, THOMAS MOSSOM MEEKINS, of 14, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF A MOTIVE POWER, AND OF A PROJECTILE
AND EXPLOSIVE FORCE TO BE USED IN INSTRUMENTS OF WAB," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
The object of my Invention consists in the evolution of gases in the same
or in separate vessels by electricity or by other means, and their introduction
into a cylinder in a mixed or separate state; (if the latter, the cylinder during
part of its stroke, if requisite, to be divided into separate compartments
proportioned to the respective volumes of the separate gases, but so as that
during the remainder of the stroke the gases may become mixed, and so as) to
be there combined by an electric spark or by other means. The gases either
mixed or separate to be introduced into a vessel or vessels other than that in
which they have been evolved, to be heated or dried, or not, as may in each
case be found expedient. The residuum resulting from the combination of
the gases to be received from the cylinder into a receiver, exhausted or not,
as may in each case be deemed expedient. And in having the evolution of
the said gases in a very strong vessel to be used after the manner of air in an
air gun, and to be exploded or combined by an electric spark or by other

page_text: In forcing into a metal shell a portion of those highly condensed
gases, and having the shell so constructed as that when it strikes any object
the gases may be combined or exploded by an electric spark or by other
means.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCKS FOR MOULDING AND SHAPING GLASS DURING THE PROCESS OF BLOWING OR FORMING GLASS FOR BLOWING SHEET GLASS, GLASS SHADES, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Withers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1859.
I, GEORGE WITHERS, Engineer and Machinist, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCKS FOR MOULDING AND SHAPING GLASS DURING
THE PROCESS OF BLOWING OR FORMING GLASS FOR BLOWING SHEET GLASS, GLASS
SHADES, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in substituting a metallic block for wood in the
manufacture of sheet glass, glass shades, and such like articles when the same
are being made by the process of blowing. I have found cast iron to suit
well for these blocks, but they may be made of wrought iron, or steel or
copper, or any other metal or metallic alloy or mixed metals, whether the
moulds be used in a flat stationary state or revolving. And in connection
with these blocks I use a cistern or reservoir for holding hot water, in order
to keep the blocks at an even temperature of heat, and to obtain this I provide
my cistern or reservoir with a supply and waste tap or taps and valves, so that
the moment the water in the cistern, from an increased temperature, is con-
verted into steam, the valve shall open to prevent accidents or explosions, and
at the same time open the supply pipe for cold water to be admitted, so as to
keep the water at the proper or desired temperature. In some cases I so
arrange my reservoir or cistern, that two or more blocks may be applied to the

page_text: same; and in connection with this arrangement, I apply a simple apparatus
for causing my hollow block to revolve forward and backward as may be
desired for shaping and regulating the glass in its soft malleable state on the
end of the pot or blowpipe. In connection with these metallic blocks, in the
process of working, I apply over their surface any fatty unctuous matter, such
as Russian tallow, oil, soap, wax, black-lead, or any compounds or mixtures
made from the same or other suitable matter. By this process a clearer and
more brilliant glass is produced, whether subsequently formed into sheets, or
used as shades or other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Picksley and Reuben Sims, of Bedford
Foundry, Leigh, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES."
Sealed the 12th July 1859, and dated the 13th January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Picksley and Reuben
Sims at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th January 1859.
We, JOHN PICKSLEY & REUBEN SIMS, of Bedford Foundry, Leigh, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements in lawn mowing machines consist, first, in forming the
rollers of the full length of the cutters; secondly, in disposing the driving
wheels so as to work outside the frame, at the same time those wheels are
entirely or partially encased so that nothing can come in contact with them;
thirdly, in adapting a carrying or supporting ball or balls in front of the
machine as a substitute or substitutes for the wheel or wheels, or rollers of such
machines, whereby it is readily & easily suited to operate on large or small

page_text: lawns, as well as on narrow verges, or borders, or detached spaces; fourthly,
in mounting & fitting the front part of the machine so as to elevate or depress
the cutting parts across the whole breadth by means of racks & pinions,
:screws, or other means for giving simultaneous motion to both sides of the
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS OF SODA AND POTASH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1859.
I, THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN
COMPOUNDS OF SODA AND POTASH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of certain
compounds of soda and potash. For this purpose I decompose nitrite of soda
by means of potashes or pearl ashes, thus producing a mixture of nitrite of
potash (saltpetre) and soda compounds. From the solution containing this
mixture portions of nitrite of potash are separated by repeated crystallizations,
and afterwards from the same liquor a farther crop of crystals is obtained, con-
sisting partly of nitrite of potash and partly of carbonate of soda (the latter
salt being produced by the carbonate of potash, which commercial potash in
all cases contains). These crystals are re-dissolved, and the soda rendered
caustic by lime; the saltpetre is then separated from this solution and the
mother liquid of the mixed salts above named by further crystallizations, and
the liquor afterwards boiled down in the usual way to obtain caustic soda.
IMPROVEMENT OF BLINKERS USED BY HORSES WHEN DRAWING, TO BE CALLED THE PATENT SAFETY BLINKER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Inger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1859. A communication from Edouard Souché, 1, Rue Charlot, Aux-
ternes, Paris, in the Empire of France, Agent.
I, HECTOR INGER, of No. 3, Red Lion Square, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for the "IMPROVEMENT OF BLINKERS USED BY HORSES WHEN DRAWING,
TO BE CALLED THE PATENT SAFETY BLINKER,'" to be as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE PATENT SAFETY BLINKER.
The improvement in the ordinary blinker used by horses when drawing
consists of the following particulars:-That part of each blinker which is placed
next to the horse's eye is hollowed out, and a piece detached instead thereof.
A plate or flap of leather, metal, or other material, as shewn by letter "A,"
Figure 1 of the Drawing, is attached to each blinker, and made movable by
means of a hinge (see letters B, B, Figure 1). To this plate or flap is
attached a strap D, either at the top or bottom thereof (see letter C). The
straps D, placed on each flap at C, are united by another strap E being passed
over the neck of the horse. A rein F, to be made of leather or any clastic
substance, is then attached to the centre of the strap E, and the plates or flaps
are then drawn towards the eyes of the horse by means of the last-mentioned
rein, which is held in the driver's hand, or attached to a hook on the harness

page_text: or carriage within the driver's reach. When the rein is pulled by the driver,
the plates or flaps rise, and become pressed close against the eyes of the
horse, and instantly. temporarily blind him or obscure his vision (see the
Drawing, Figure 2). The plates or flaps of the blinkers will resume their
original position by the driver easing his hand, when they will fall back by
means of two bands of india-rubber or steel springs placed beneath each hinge
of the plates or flaps (see letters B, B, Figure 1).
This Invention is for the
vision of a horse which has
path, as when the same is
purpose of temporarily blinding or obscuring the
been frightened by the sight of an object in its
no longer visible the horse's fear will pass away,
and the horse become quiet; it can also be brought in use prior to the horse
being frightened, should anything present itself in the road which the driver
may think would terrify the horse.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN A CIGAR LIGHTER AND FUSEE Box
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Nelson Harrop, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1859.
I, HORATIO NELSON HARROP, j', of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Cigar Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN A CIGAR LIGHTER AND FUSEE Box," to be as follows:-
Such improvements consisting in the novel mode and peculiar arrangement
of apparatus contained within the interior of such box as herein-after described.
The fusee or match for lighting a cigar is firmly retained in position by the
box lid when closed, and becomes ignited by a roughened serrated disc or
plate being brought into contact with it, worked by means of thumb and
finger from outside box, through the medium of a small shaft in connection
with such rough disc or plate, the said shaft conveniently protruding outside of
the box to be acted upon as afore-named.
The box is divided into two chambers or compartments, each compartment
being supplied with a separate lid or cover; the first compartment containing
the roughened disc and fusee in position to be acted upon; the second being
an ordinary box for containing fusecs or matches. The lid or other convenient
place of the first compartment is supplied with a small hole or aperture
conveniently situated for the purpose of inserting the end of cigar to be lighted
by the fusee, the operation of such lighting being as follows:-After inserting
the fusee in a small slot or notch inside of box, the lid is closed upon it, thereby

page_text: retaining such fusee tightly in a position to be acted upon by the roughened
disc or plate, such roughened disc being pushed forward with a partial turn by
thumb and finger into contact with the fusee, immediately igniting it, thereby
lighting cigar placed in position through the hole or aperture afore-named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLUICE VALVES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Neale May at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
January 1859.
I, CHARLES NEALE MAY, of Devizes, in the County of Wilts, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SLUICE VALVES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in sluice valves relate to valves having double faces &
which are suitable for pressure, approaching either in one direction or the
other. Both faces of these valves are brought into contact with the faces of
the valve case or passages simultaneously by reason of their wedge form or
inclination to each other, which is also the case with the valve.
According to my Invention I make such valves to move on a centre and
dispose them in a semicircular case, from which they may be removed by a
suitable cover. I communicate motion to such valves by a segment of teeth
on the periphery, and a pinion on the handle shaft, or it may be by a tangent
screw or other means suitable for actuating these valves & whereby to force
the valve home or remove it from between the wedge faces in closing or
opening such valves. I mount these valves so as to perform their circular
motion on a centre pin which the valve embraces sufficiently to form a secure
fulcrum, but from which it can be lifted when it is desired to remove the
valve from its case for repairs or other purposes; these valves may be applied
to sluice valves, hydrants, and other purposes, for which ordinary sluice valves
are usually applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SECURING WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND DOORS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Phillips, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1859.
I, SAMUEL PHILLIPS, of Moseley, in the County of Worcester, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR SECURING WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND DOORS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR
USES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists, in one of its forms, of a spring cotter pin made of a
length of metal doubled back to form a spring, each end of the metal thus
doubled being furnished with half a knob or thumb-piece, so that when the
spring is compressed the end intended for the hand to act upon has the
appearance of being terminated with an ornamental knob or thumb-piece.
I will describe the action of this fastening when applied to securing two
window sashes. The front sash has a metal eyelet plate sunk into the rail,
this eyelet having a flange or flanges at the back of the plate, which flanges
are for the purpose of catching in a notch upon the cotter pin, and thus pre-
venting the pin from falling altogether out of the front sash when the back
sash has been released. The back sash bas another eyelet plate sunk in its
meeting rail exactly opposite that in the front sash rail; but the second eyelet
plate is provided at the back with a short tube, the end of which is received
by the notch upon the cotter pin at the time when the knob or thumb-piece
being released the two parts of the cotter pin spring apart a short distance,
and thus bind the two sashes together. To release them it is only requisite to

page_text: press the two parts of the cotter pin together, and partially draw it out, when
the back sash will be free. This spring cotter may if preferred be made in
two parts secured together at or near the point, and kept in action by a spring
placed between them, instead of being made in one, and for some purposes the
two parts of the cotter may be crossed like a pair of curling irons, and thus
form an efficient bolt for doors or for any other similar employment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1859

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1859.
I, PHILIPPE GAMBARDELLA, of Naples, Engineer, at present temporily
residing at the Office for Patents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," to be
as follows:-
I employ the explosive force of hydrogen gas in combination with oxygen
to give motion to the pistons of cylinders instead of steam, as at present in use.
It is well known to chemists, that if in a mixture of hydrogen gas and
atmospheric air an electric spark or flame is passed, the two gases will imme-
diately escape and combine to produce vapour, which vapour being in an
incipient state has an expansive force or power, which I use instead of steam.
To make the said force applicable, I make a slight modification in the
cylinder and slide valve. Instead of placing the entrance and exit parts in the
usual positions, I place them on the contrary side, or other suitable position,
according to the construction of the engine, which must be at equal distances
from the top of the piston if the engine is worked at a great speed, but if a
moderate speed is only required, this will not be necessary.
Instead of the ordinary valve for applying the necessary force to the piston,
I employ a tap with several cavities, and also a second tap, opening alternately
for the discharge, which taps I connect in oscillating cylinders without the

page_text: assistance of eccentrics. I make the said feed and discharge taps about
double the size of those in ordinary use.
For high-pressure engines I use eccentrics to give the slide valve the back
motion, and I place the pressure box close to the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAYS AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CONVEYANCE OF MAILS, GOODS, AND PASSENGERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Vaughan Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1859..
I, WILLIAM VAUGHAN EDWARDS, of Swindon, in the County of Wilts, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAYS AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CONVEYANCE
OF MAILS, GOODS, AND PASSENGERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of ways
and apparatus to facilitate the conveyance of mails, goods, and passengers.
For these purposes a tunnel or enclosed passage is constructed with iron
plates laid underneath or on the soil between distant places, with arrangements
for stopping at the terminal and at intermediate stations to deliver and take
mails, goods, and passengers. At the lower part of such tunnel or enclosed.
way two parallel rails or trams are formed, by preference in longitudinal
grooves or recesses, or the rails or trams may be dispensed with. The
carriages which run in this tunnel or enclosed way have each four wheels, two
before and two behind. The body of the carriage is supported by suitable pro -
jections at the fore and hinder parts, and such projections receive the bearings--
or brasses of the axles, which are applied at their ends. Each wheel is fixed.
to a short axle, the inner end of which is received into and is supported by a
central bearing, so that the wheels may run independently of each other, which
will facilitate the passage of the carriages round curves. The interior of each

page_text: carriage is to be arranged according to the purpose for which it is to be used,
whether for the carriage of mails, parcels, goods, or passengers. The form of
the body of each carriage is by preference to correspond with the transverse
section of the tunnel or closed way, but of less sectional area, in order that the
carriages may be perfectly free from contact with the interior of the tunnel or
covered way. At the terminal and other stations arrangements are made for
a carriage or a train of carriages to be brought to rest by means of valves
which are caused to descend and close a given section or length of the tunnel
or enclosed way, and passages are opened to admit air into such closed section
in order that the atmosphere therein may be of the ordinary density, while the
section thus closed admits of the tunnel or closed way being exhausted in
advance of the carriage or carriages. A piston or pistons are applied in
advance of or behind the carriage or train of carriages, and the way or tunnel
is kept partially exhausted in advance of the carriages when they are required
to be in motion.
To prevent the friction of the atmosphere through any inconvenient length
of the tunnel or closed way, valves are placed at suitable distances; such
valves may be either self-acting or may be made to open by manual labor, so
as to admit air into the tunnel or closed way in the rear of each train imme-
diately on its passing the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Scott and Samuel
Frederick Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st July 1859.
We, EDWARD JOHN SCOTT and SAMUEL FREDERICK SCOTT, of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturers of Boots and Shoes, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for object the saving of time and labour in the
manufacture of leather soled boots and shoes. And whereas it is a common
practice to affix the soles by means of sprigs or short nails, which (before
"finishing") produce a rough appearance, this rough appearance being removed
by the laborious operation of filing down the exposed ends of the sprigs or
nails, the leather surface being afterwards equalized and smoothed down or
finished. Now according to this Invention the sole may be "finished" by
stamping or other treatment prior to its being affixed, the affixing being
effected by means of pins formed with neat and by preference solid heads,
which require no filing, finishing, or other treatment after being hammered
home; whereby the finishing treatment ordinarily required after the affixing is
avoided.