matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HURSTS AND BITES FOR TILTING AND PLATING HAMMERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Palmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1871.
I, JAMES PALMER, of Wyld Green, Sutton Coldfield, in the County of
Warwick, Edge Tool and Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HURSTS AND BITES FOR TILTING AND PLATING HAMMERS," to be
as follows (that is to say):
:-
My improvements relate to that portion of tilting and plating
hammers technically called the hurst, viz., the part through which the
haft or shank of the hammer passes, and as the hammer rises and falls
the axis or centre of its motion is derived from centres formed by such
projections on the sides of the hursts. And hitherto these hursts have
invariably been cast with such projections or axes on them, and from
the nature of their requirements the frequent concussions transmitted to
them (while at work) through the haft or shank of the hammer crystal-
izes the iron of which they are composed, rendering them liable to
frequent breakage.

page_text: To obviate this defect, I purpose by my Invention applying moveable
centres to the hurst, made by preference from cast or tempered steel,
shouldered, tapered, or otherwise formed for driving into corresponding
shaped holes in the sides of the hurst, and the said centres or axes being
clipped or held in the bite makes them secure while in work, and
affords the facility in case of breakage of speedy renewal; and in giving
effect to my improvements, I purpose forming the bites or recesses in
the same of steel, and providing oil ways for lubrication either in the
centres or in the bites, as preferred.
AN IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR MUSTARD AND OTHER CONDIMENTS FOR TABLE USB
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jules
Decoudun, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR MUSTARD AND OTHER CONDIMENTS
FOR TABLE USB," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to an improved receptacle for mustard and other
thickened or semi-liquid condiments for table use. The receptacle con-
sists of a vessel of cylindrical or other suitable form in which the mustard,
sauce, or other condiment of similar consistency is placed, the said vessel
being mounted on a small pedestal or foot piece to raise it above the
level of the table. A piston is fitted within the vessel, and is pressed
upon the surface of the mustard or other condiment by means of a stem
rising through the cover of the vessel and surmounted by a knob whereby
the contents are discharged in small quantities for use at a small orifice
or nozzle with which the container is provided at bottom. The piston is

page_text: adjusted to slide with slight friction within tho vessel. Table mustard is
very liable to dry up and adhere to the ordinary vessel and spoon, and
the improved container of this Invention presents great advantages in
comparison both as regards cleanliness and economy, inasmuch as the
air being quite excluded (except at the small orifice or spout), will be
preserved in a semi-liquid condition for a great length of time. A valve
may be applied to the orifice or spout to entirely prevent the access of
the air to the contents, and the piston may be furnished with a spring to
raise it slightly immediately the pressure of the hand is removed to check
the flow and prevent any drops remaining at the nozzle.
IMPROVE- HENTS IN DRYING GLUTINOUS OR SEMI-LIQUID SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING GRAINS OR SEEDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1871.
I, JOHN YOUNG, of Millikenpark, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
HENTS IN DRYING GLUTINOUS OR SEMI-LIQUID SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING
GRAINS OR SEEDS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to the drying of glutinous or semi-liquid
waste produced in the manufacture of corn flour, corn food, or starch,
and other analagous processes, consists in the mode of applying heated
air for such purpose. The glutinous or semi-liquid substance is placed
in the uppermost of a series of trays or screens which are arranged inside
a square or circular box or casing of any desired capacity, and into this
casing or box is led a pipe which' passes from a fan or other air com-
pressing apparatus through a furnace or other heating apparatus. The
air being forced through this pipe, which may be regulated by a cock or

page_text: valve becomes heated in its passage through that portion of the pipe
acted upon by the furnace or other heating apparatus, and entering the
lower part of the casing or box above referred to in its heated state it
rapidly desiccates the semi-liquid substance contained in the trays or
screens. The glutinous substance when placed in the uppermost of the
trays or screens partly percolates therethrough into the next tray of the
series, and being thus disseminated from the mass into a state of division
the air is allowed to operate upon it more freely, so that when the
particles are dry or nearly so they fall down through the remaining tray
or trays into the bottom of the case or receptacle.
It is to be understood that this Invention is equally applicable to the
drying of cereals, grains, or seeds of all kinds previous to their being
ground or otherwise treated in the processes of manufacture, in which case
the pipe may be led under a perforated flooring instead of under trays.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING PENS, DRESS PINS, HAIR PINS, MATCHES, AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph John Perry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1871.
I, JOSEPH JOHN PERRY, of the Firm of James Perry and Company, of
No. 37, Red Lion Square, in the County of Middlesex, Steel Pen
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING
PENS, DRESS PINS, HAIR PINS, MATCHES, AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of boxes made of sheet
metal and having the general figure of a half cylinder, and provided
with an opening on the cylindrical surface, the said opening being
closed by a curved sliding lid.
My said Invention has for its object to simplify and facilitate the
manufacture of the said boxes, and consists in making the same in the
following manner :-The base or bottom and the two semicircular ends

page_text: of the box I make from one blank or piece of sheet metal. The semi-
cylindrical body I make from another blank, and the sliding lid from a
third blank. The first-named blank consists of a piece of sheet metal
having the figure of the flat bottom and semicircular ends of the box.
The said ends are turned up into planes at right angles to the middle
portion of the plate. Near the edge of each of the semicircular ends
two small holes or perforations are made, in which holes or perforations
ears formed on the longer sides of the blank constituting the semi-
cylindrical body of the box engage. The said semi-cylindrical body
is made from a blank having an oblong rectangular figure, a portion
being cut away from the middle of the said blank to form the opening
to the box. Each of the longer edges of this blank is provided with
a set of three projecting pieces. Two of the projecting pieces of each
set are of small size and engage in the holes or perforations described
in the ends of the box, and are turned down or clinched. The larger
projecting piece of each set is turned under the curved edge of the
body of the box. These two pieces constitute guides or ledges, in
which the curved lid of the box is supported and slides. The semi-
cylindrical body of the box is secured to the bottom of the box by the
extreme ends of its shorter sides being brought into the same plane,
so that they will lie flat upon the bottom of the box. The opposite
edges of the bottom are turned over and compressed upon the edges
of the body. The two parts are thus fixed together. The curved
sliding lid is placed in the guides or ledges in the body before the body
is secured to the bottom.
Instead of fixing the semicircular ends to the curved body by the
small ears on the latter engaging in holes in the former the said ears
and holes may be dispensed with, and the edges of the curved ends
turned over and compressed upon the ends of the semi-cylindrical body
and thereby secured thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE FROM CLOSED FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Howorth Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th March 1871.
I, FREDERIC HOWORTH EDWARDS, of 15, Cambridge Street, Newcastle-
on-Tyne, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE FROM CLOSED
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
:—
Over the fire-doors of the furnace or any other convenient place
above the fuel I introduce an outer bell-mouthed tube having one end
partly open to the air and the other freely open to the furnace: A tube
of smaller dimensions and connected with a boiler or other convenient
source supplies a blast of steam, which, by displacing the air from the
bell-mouthed tube, induces a strong current from the atmosphere, which
being deflected on and amongst the rising unconsumed gases becomes
thoroughly mixed with them at a high temperature, causing their
complete combustion, thereby preventing the emission of smoke from
the chimney.
I prefer to set the tubes at such an angle that the blast would strike
the top of the bridge of the furnace if not biassed by the draught of the

page_text: furnace. Or, I can dispense with the outer tube and induce and deflect
a current of air from one or more orifices by one jet.
Cocks and valves may be employed with or without self-acting
machinery to regulate the admission of steam or air, and it may be
advisable in some cases to vary the form and number of such tubes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOISTING AND LOWERING SHIPS' YARDS, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Duncan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1871.
I, ALEXANDER DUNCAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOISTING AND LOWERING SHIPS' YARDS, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to the raising and lowering of ships'
yards by mechanical means, so as to avoid the defects of the existing
practice of raising and lowering them by manual labour with blocks
and tackle in sailing ships and by steam winches in steam ships, consists
in providing the tubs to which the yards are affixed with a series of
antifriction rollers on their inner sides in order that the tubs may slide
upon the masts with a minimum of friction. To each yard a chain is
connected which passes over a pulley fixed so as to revolve in a mortice
in the mast on which the tub slides, the chain is then conducted down
inside the hollow lower mast, and a weight nearly sufficient to balance
the weight of the yard, sail, and tub is attached to the chain so that a

page_text: .
small amount of power applied to the chain within the mast in either
direction will raise or lower the yard.. A door may be provided in the
lower part of the mast through which access: is obtained for reaching
the chain by which the apparatus is actuated. It is to be understood
that the moveable weight in the lower mast is kept as low as possible 5
in order to diminish top weight.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Lascelles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1871.
I, WILLIAM HENRY LASCELLES, of Bunhill Row, in the County of
Middlesex, Joinery Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to adapt to the top lights of ground
frames, greenhouses, hot houses, and other horticultural structures a
mechanical device, whereby several of these lights may be opened or
closed simultaneously by merely turning a winch or handle.
In carrying out my Invention I erect at each end of the ridge iron
stanchions of suitable height according to the size of the lights, and I
mount in bearings therein a horizontal rod or shaft provided with barrels,
to which hauling or lifting chains are secured, the other ends of the
lifting chains being connected to the frames of the top lights. On one or
both ends of this horizontal rod is mounted a winch handle which may
either. be a fixture or it may be adapted to a squared end on the shaft.
By turning the handles the shaft will be rotated and the lifting chains

page_text: will be coiled on the barrels. By this means the whole of the top lights
will be raised on their hinges to any required extent, and by rotating the
shaft in the opposite direction the chains will be uncoiled and the lights
lowered. A ratchet and pawl will hold the light at any point. For
ground lights the winch handles may be adapted direct to the shafts, but
when these shafts are out of reach the handle or winch must be adapted
to a countershaft below and rotation imparted therefrom to the upper
shaft by any suitable gearing.
Although I prefer to lift the lights by means of chains as above
explained it will be evident that the same object may be effected by
means of racks and pinions or other toothed gearing.
AN IMPROVED POSTAL ENVELOPE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Colfax Chipman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Eldridge James
Smith, of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of
America, Civil Engineer.
I, GEORGE COLFAX CHIPMAN, of Washington, District of Columbia,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED POSTAL ENVELOPE," a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a sectional, triangular, or other suitably
shaped sectional envelope open at the longest side or hypothenuse so as
to admit the corner of a folded letter sheet to be inserted within the
same.
The object of the said Invention is to reduce the weight of letters,
to retain the address and postmark on the letter sheet instead of on the
envelope, to secure convenience in the application and to enable a
number of envelopes to be carried within small compass, onc envelope
being made to fit inside of another. The corner sections may sometimes

page_text: be attached to each other, so that the envelope thus formed will protect
three edges of the folded letter sheet. The sectional envelopes are
attached to a folded letter sheet by gummed edges in the usual manner.
The Drawing represents the said sectional corner envelope. To form
this envelope a single piece of paper is cut and folded as shown. The
parts a are coated with gum and secured together by an over lapping
joint. When folded and secured, the rear flaps a extend usually a little
beyond the face portion, the extended edge being gummed for attach-
ment to the letter sheet. The gummed edges being moistened and
the cornor of a folded letter sheet being inserted in the envelope, the
adhesive parts will become attached to the folded letter sheet, securely
fastening the same.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN EARRINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anne Abbey Downes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
26th January 1871.
I, ANNE ABBEY DOWNES, of Stonnall, in the County of Stafford,
Spinster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN EARRINGS," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to prevent earrings becoming acci-
dentally loose or detached from the ear.
The Invention consists in providing a hook or catch into which the
wire of the earring is caused to engage after having been passed through
the lobe of the ear. This hook or catch is preferably carried by the
ordinary small plate or piece to which the wire is attached and from
which the drop or ornament is suspended, and it may conveniently
consist of a portion of the wire itself which is led through the said plate
or piece and shaped into the form of a hook or catch.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO INJECTORS FOR FILLING STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Cowling Welch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th May 1871.
I, EDWARD JOHN COWLING WELCH, of Eden Street, Hampstead Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO INJECTORS
FOR FILLING STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
A metal tube is arranged vertically or otherwise, at one end of which
is placed a disc. A short piece of pipe of about four times the area of
the injector supply pipe passes upwards through the disc to a height
of about half an inch above the upper surface thereof. Inside the larger
tube, and on to the projecting pipe lastly mentioned, is screwed a
cylindrical strainer of perforated metal attached to a metal socket.
Outside the strainer and concentric therewith is a metal tube screwed
on to the outside of the socket carrying the strainer, and which projects
a little above the top of the latter. The suction pipe of the injector
passes through the large tube about one inch from the top of the disc.
The top of the large tube is closed with a cover, the latter being provided
with a small air hole. The pipe which passes through the disc is con-

page_text: nected with the water supply, and in boats to which the apparatus is
applied, it passes through the bottom. The apparatus is so placed that
the disc end with the strainer should be about ten or twelve inches
below the water line, and the long tube should be of such a length as to
prevent the water flowing over the top.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The water enters by the
force of gravitation upwards through the centre pipe, and then passes
through the strainer which intercepts and arrests any dirt or substances
which may be mingled with the water. The water then passes up
through the surrounding tube, and flowing over the upper edges of the
same, fills the outer large tube to the height of the water level. The
effect of this arrangement is that all the air bubbles are discharged, and
the injector draws a clear stream of dead water, which is little affected
by the motion of the engine or vessel to which the apparatus is applied.
MEDICATED FLANNEL BANDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Kinnear and Edmund
Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th May 1871.
We, FREDERICK KINNEAR and EDMUND MARTIN, both of 50, Fonthill
Road, Finsbury Park, London, N., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "MEDICATED FLANNEL BANDS," to be as follows:-
The application of medically prepared flannel to various parts of the
body, with the view of curing consumption, rheumatism, and other
organic and nervine maladies.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular shape or form of
flannel, whether applied as bands or as under apparel next the skin.
The process consists in steeping the woollen material in a solution of
carbolic or phenic acid, whereby it retains not only all the well-known
properties of the purest flannel, but acts as a curative of all chest
and throat disorders, likewise rheumatism, gout, lumbago, sciatica, &c.,
and becomes an especial preservative against small pox and other
epidemic disorders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD MARKERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1871.-A communication from abroad by William Henry
Newell, of Hudson City, in the State of New Jersey, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD
MARKERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in billiard markers consists, first, in
arranging two pointers opposite to each other and directed towards the
same line of figures, so that by moving the hindermost pointer at each
count, and not touching the other, one party may always see exactly
what has been last counted by the other, as well as the aggregate of
game which his opponent has made up to any point of time; 2nd, in
combining a double U shaped pointer with a two-faced marking plate,
so that the game may be counted simultaneously on both sides of the
apparatus, which consists of a long narrow board or plate of any desired
or convenient length. The two opposite faces or sides of the board are

page_text: divided longitudinally into three parts or strips. The upper and lower
parts or strips are notched, or have thin notched or crimped plates
attached to them; the notches of the two strips being directly opposite
to each other, and being equal in number to the number of points
desired to be marked upon the marker. Upon the central strips are
formed a number of half squares, which are made directly opposite the
notches, and every tenth one of which is numbered with its number in
its natural order, the numbers running 10, 20, 30, 40, and so on. For
convenience in distinguishing the points or notches between the
numbers, the first five half squares of each ten are painted one color :
and the second five half squares are painted another color. The two
sides of the board or plate are made precisely alike, the notches being
directly opposite each other, and being numbered from the same end of
the said board. Two reds are placed at a short distance above and below
the centres of the edges of the board or plate, and run the entire length 1
of the board. An U shaped or double-armed pointer is placed upon
each of the rods. The arms of the pointers extend along the notched
strips, so that by moving the pointers along the rods the marking
may be done. The pointers are moved with the cue, the rear pointer
being always moved up to and as many notches in front of the other 2
pointer as there have been points made; the marker thus always
showing the whole number of points made and the number made the
last time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'SPIEGEL EISEN
Year: 1871

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Johan Laurentz Lemier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th March 1871.
I, CARL JOHAN LAURENTZ LEFFLER, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'SPIEGEL EISEN,'
'" to
be as follows:-
My Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
speigel eisen," consists in charging a furnace of suitable construction
with an admixture of manganese and iron ore and coke or charcoal, or
with an admixture of any of the oxides or of the chemical compounds
of the metals manganese and iron, together with any other carbonaceous
matter, and in exposing the said admixture or charge to a sufficient and
proper heat, in order to bring about a reduction or a partial reduction
of the metals contained therein. After this reduction or partial reduction
of the contents of this furnace I cause molten pig iron from another
furnace to be run into and to pass through the said admixture or charge
for the purpose of absorbing, or partially absorbing (or combining with)

page_text: the reduced or partially reduced metals, or the pig iron may be placed
on the top of the aforesaid admixture or charge, or in a separate place
or chamber in the same furnace with the charge, so that on being
exposed to a sufficient heat it will be caused to melt down and gradually
to pass through the said admixture or charge and so take up or combine
with the metals contained therein.
It will thus be seen that my Invention consists in causing the molten
pig iron to pass through a heated admixture of manganese, iron ore,
and coke or charcoal, or of any of the oxides of manganeso and iron
or their chemical compounds, and of any other carbonaceous matter,
whether the pig iron be melted in a separate furnace or in the same
furnace containing the said admixture or charge, with the object of
making it absorb or combine with the metals manganese and iron'
contained therein, and so to produce the improved manufacture of
speigel eisen."
"
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE APPARATUS KNOWN AS 'SMITH'S STRIPPER' IN CARDING ENGINES, THE SAME BEING A BRUSH FOR STRIPPING OR CLEARING THE MAIN CYLINDERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce and William Mac-
pherson at the Office of, the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th December 1871.
1
We, JOHN ELCE, Machine Maker, of Jersey Street, in the City of
Manchester, County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM MACPHERSON, of the
same City, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE APPARATUS KNOWN AS 'SMITH'S STRIPPER' IN
CARDING ENGINES, THE SAME BEING A BRUSH FOR STRIPPING OR CLEARING THE
MAIN CYLINDERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Smith's apparatus for cleaning the main cylinders consisted in a brush
as long as the cylinder was wide, supported by projections which filled
into the framing on each side of the carding engine; the cylinder was
then slowly reversed and the brush turned by a handle or winch fixed
at the extremity of the axis of the brush. A long comb is fixed in
contact therewith to clear it of the accumulated fibre, the comb is in
turn cleaned by a tin clearer the end of which lies upon the comb and
removes the cotton therefrom. The objection to this apparatus has
been the strain necessary to turn the brush when in contact with the
main cylinder.

page_text: The object of our Invention is to reduce the strain whilst continuing
the brushes' efficiency; for this purpose we employ a helical brush which
only requires strain to turn it according to the material in contact, the
spaces between each helix, reducing the strain and the whole surface
being cleaned-by the brush although not cleaned at the same revolution
thereof.
The brush may also be made in two or more sections, and employed
to clean the cylinder in such sections, or such a section may be made
to traverse from side to side of the cylinder by a screw, chain, band,
strap, or other means of traversing.
We also make an arrangement for reducing the weight of the comb,
fixing the comb teeth upon a narrow strap of angle iron, or light tubing,
or other equivalent means.
We also use the following means for turning the cylinder backwards
and accomodating the brush thereto by power. We reverse the strap
and put it loosely on to the carding engine pully, by which strap the
main cylinder-is-driven-in-a-reverse direction at a slow rate. Upon the
axis of the main cylinder we fix a grooved or other pully which com-
municates by a band or strap with a pully upon the axis of the brush.
By y this means the work necessary to be performed by the hands in
using this brush for stripping or clearing purposes is indefinitely
"reduced.
3. T
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Hebden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1871.
I, HERBERT HEBDEN, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the rollers of mules, and consists in an
arrangement whereby I am enabled to set the said rollers for different
staples of the material to be spun. According to the usual plan, as is
well known, the top rollers are mounted in one cop bar, and the whole
therefore must move together. Or it is sometimes the case that loose
"nebs" are adopted to constitute separate adjustments.
According to my Invention I form the cop bar in two parts, one of
such parts carrying the front top rollers by means of arms extending
from a longitudinal bar. When therefore the back rollers are moved
for the required "set" the said front rollers will maintain their proper
relative positions to those beneath them.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1871.
I, HESKETH HUGHES, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS,"
to be as follows:
:-
In the manufacture of chenille stationary or movable cutters are
employed to sever the pile threads at the instant of spinning the body
threads or wires, the pile being laid on and cut to the same length or
diameter throughout the whole strand, consequently there is no greater
quantity or length of plush or pile upon one part than upon another.
Now my Invention relates to making the pile threads of varying
lengths or diameters in regular or irregular order upon the body or wires,
whereby bulbs, balls, or other shaped projections are formed, and this I
accomplish by employing circular revolving cutters with wavy-shaped
cutting edges which bear against the pile threads, the cutters being
caused to revolve by a band working over a grooved collar or other
gearing attached to the knife, or instead of the disc cutter with the

page_text: wavy-shaped edge, a flat disc cutter with a reciprocating motion
imparted to it to and from the fabric can be used, or a plain straight
or a curved blade can be attached to the collar.
According to another method the cutters work in templates which
have a reciprocating motion imparted to them to draw the cutters into 5
and from the fabric to form the bulbs or projections.
To give depth or body to the pile I sometimes speed the flyer or
flyers at intervals, or I lay on additional pile threads which can be
severed by the cutters before mentioned.
I also in some cases stop the laying on of the fliers at intervals and 1
continue the spinning operation. By this means spherical pile thread
bulbs can be formed upon the body threads at any distance apart.
According to another method I lay the pile thread or threads upon
guide points (tapered or not) which close in towards and open out from
one another by suitable means to determine the amount of overlap, 1
lay," or pile upon the body threads or wires. In this case I prefer
to operate the opening and closing mechanism by the speed mechanism.
"
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING OF THE TUBES OF SURFACE CONDENSERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jennings Campbell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th August 1871.
I, JAMES JENNINGS CAMPBELL, of London, in the County of Middlesex,
but at present residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of " In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING OF THE TUBES OF SURFACE CONDENSERS," to be
as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved packing for
keeping tight the joints between surface condenser tubes and the tube
plates through which they pass, consists in employing one or more
elastic rings of india-rubber or other similarly suitable material which
are placed around the ends of the tubes and in the recesses in the tube
plates through which the tubes pass. These rings are cylindrical in a
transverse section of the material constituting a ring, and the result of

page_text: this arrangement is that as the tubes expand or contract in length the
cylindrical form of the packing ring allows them to roll, thus enabling
free expansion or contraction of the tubes to take place without straining
or wearing them.
AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF FOOD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hayes Carter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1871.
I, GEORGE HAYES CARTER, of Mottingham Lodge, near Eltham, in
5 the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF FOOD," to be as follows:-
The features of novelty of this Invention consist in combining cheese
with biscuit dough in the manufacture of biscuits and such like articles
of food.

page_text: The object and intention of this Invention being to make a cheese
biscuit by combining the cheese with the biscuit as above stated, thus
rendering biscuits very palatable, and more convenient for use than
when the cheese and the biscuit are kept separate from cach other and
have to be held by the hand if required to be eaten together.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MAKING, REFINING, AND PURIFYING ISOLATING OILS, APPLICABLE FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESERVATIVE PAINTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio
and Edward Stevens at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd March 1871.
We, GIACOMO EDUARDO MARCHISIO, of Baker Street, in the County
of Middlesex, and EDWARD STEVENS, of St. John's Wood, in the said
County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MAKING, REFINING, AND PURIFYING ISOLATING OILS, APPLICABLE
FOR LUBRICATING MACHINERY, AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESERVATIVE
PAINTS," to be as follows:-
In order to make lubricating oil in accordance with this Invention
heavy mineral oil or animal oil of any nature, or a combination thereof,
is purified and refined by being mixed and agitated in a warm or boiling
state according to its nature as will be well understood by persons
conversant with such operations, with a strong solution of arsenic,
chloride of lime, or chloride of soda, or chloride of potash, the same
being then washed with a solution of sulphate of iron or alumina. By
these means an oil suitable for the purposes of lubrication and capable
of resisting high and low temperatures is obtained.

page_text: For the preparation of drying oil applicable as an isolating agent,
any animal or vegetable oil or oils, or coal tar, or the refuse resulting
from the distillation of coal tar is or are taken separately or in com-
bination, and treated as herein-before mentioned. By this treatment a
drying oil or drying oils is or are obtained, which upon combination
with suitable pigments and colouring matters will produce preservative
paints for iron, wood, stone, brick, and other substances exposed to
sulphurous emanations, damp, or sea water.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROUGHING FOR THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS TO PREVENT SLIPPING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Fryer and Robert Steers
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th September 1871.
We, DANIEL FRYER, of 18, Carlton Square, Old Kent Road, and
ROBERT STEERS, of 42, Camberwell Park, both in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED ROUGHING FOR THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS TO PREVENT
SLIPPING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object to provide a less slippery material
than iron or other metal as a foothold for horses and other animals.
The mode in which we carry out our Invention is as follows:-We
provide suitable pieces of leather (by preference), or of india-rubber,
gutta percha, cork, felt, or other suitable fibrous material, which cover
partially or wholly the surface of the shoe to which they are to be fitted
or applied. Holes or grooves are inserted in these pieces of leather or
other material at suitable distances apart, and wires being passed

page_text: through or round them, and through corresponding holes made in the
hoof at its point of contact with the shoe, the ends of the wires are
brought and twisted together, thus securing the leather or other
covering to the metal shoe in a manner that will be readily understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE TO SEPARATE IMPURITIES THERE- PROM
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1871.
I, HUGH SMITH, of No. 21, Westbourne Terrace Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE TO SEPARATE IMPURITIES THERE-
PROM," to be as follows:--
Heretofore in treating sewage for the purpose of purifying it the
sewage has had mixed with it alum, clay, lime, and other substances for
the purpose of precipitating the impurities which have then been
collected in settling tanks or in filters. These processes however are only
effectual in removing certain portions of the impurities contained in the
sewage, as a considerable per-centage of the ammoniacal salts and other
impurities still remain in solution. To separate these from the sewage
waters is the object of my Invention. For this purpose I artificially
lower the temperature of the sewage waters, and thereby render them
less capable of retaining such impurities in solution either previous to
adding to them the clay, lime, or other matters for precipitating the
impurities or as I prefer by causing a constant stream of sewage to flow

page_text: into covered tanks, from which by a waste pipe a thin film of water is
continuously conducted away from the surface. The atmosphere above
the sewage is reduced to as low a temperature as desired by allowing
liquid carbonic acid to evaporate into it. The upper surface of the water
being thus reduced in temperature will readily drop all matters it contains
in suspension, and the effluent water will pass away in a pure state. By
this process the sewage matters are deposited at the bottom of the tank,
and in order that such matters may likewise be deodorized I cause
the sewage before entering the tank to pass through a vessel containing
clay or other deodorizing materials, in order that the sewage may carry
in with it into the tank a certain quantity of such matters. When I
reduce the temperature of sewage previous to adding to it the clay, lime,
or other matters for precipitating the impurities, the sewage waters may
either be cooled as above described or by adding freezing mixtures
directly to them or other known means may be adopted for cooling the
sewage.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MATCHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armitage Brown and
Richard Lionel Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd April 1871.
We, WILLIAM ARMITAGE BROWN, of 27, Victoria Road, Peckham,
Surrey, and RICHARD LIONEL JONES, of 423, Edgware Road, Middlesex,
Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MATCHES," to be as follows :-
The improvement consists of preparing both ends of the wooden
matches, commonly known as "lucifers," and the wax matches, commonly
known as "vestas," with phosphorus or other substance, so that both ends
may be used for striking a light instead of so preparing only one end
as at present.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PHOSPHATES AND OTHER SOLID FERTILIZERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THE SAME MORE APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones Menzies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1871.-A communication from abroad by George Thomp-
son Lewis, of Philadelphia, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM JONES MENZIES, of Saint Helen's, in the County of
Lancaster, Alkali Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PHOSPHATES AND
OTHER SOLID FERTILIZERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THE SAME MORE
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES," communicated to me from
abroad George Thompson Lewis, of Philadelphia, in the United States
of America, to be as follows:-
I have discovered that by grinding and levigating a phosphate very
finely it may be applied as a manure advantageously without making
it into superphosphate, and I find that no dry grinding can produce a
result sufficiently finely divided to be economical in its application. I
have therefore had recourse to water grinding as the best means of
preparing phosphates and other solid fertilizers for agricultural purposes.
I also find that even when a superphosphate is used a large amount of

page_text: the fertilizer is lost on account of its being left in the insoluble state
from being insufficiently ground. I thus find that my plan of water
grinding phosphates is valuable and superior to processes now in use
when that phosphate is to be employed for making superphosphate.
The method of water grinding which I intend to adopt is to place the
material to be ground in a hollow cylinder mounted on its bearings in
the line of axis, and revolved by any power that will answer the purpose.
The cylinder is partially filled with the phosphate or fertilizer to be
ground, water is introduced, the cylinder is then revolved, and the
phosphate ground by the attrition of its particles upon each other.
AN IMPROVED SPANNER OR NUT KEY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Sams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1871.
I, JOSEPH HENRY SAMS, of Bon Accord Works, Aberdeen, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SPANNER OR NUT KEY," to be as follows:-
The spindle or handle of my improved spanner or nut key (hereafter
called the said spanner) is screwed so that the lower jaw of the said
spanner may travel thereupon.. The upper jaw of the said spanner
is held in position at the end of the said spindle or handle by a
collar or collars, and not being screwed it revolves freely on the said
spindle or handle.
The lower jaw of the said spanner is screwed
so as to travel up and down the screwed portion of the said spindle
or handle.
The two jaws are kept parallel by means of a bar which is fixed in the
back of one of the jaws and passes through a hole in the back of the
other jaw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS MADE WITH AN INDIA-RUBBER SURFACE FOR SQUEEZING PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Farmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1871.
I, JAMES FARMER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS MADE WITH AN INDIA-RUBBER SURFACE FOR
SQUEEZING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a peculiar method of covering rollers with
india-rubber. To effect this I procure a number of rings of that
material, and string them upon the roller or mandril to be covered.
After this I submit them to hydraulic or other pressure so as to solidify
them. One end of this string abuts against a fixed flange, and at the
other end is adapted another flange which during the pressure may slide,
after which it is fixed by keys, wedges, or other ordinary apparatus.
I propose to place thin metal between the rings of india-rubber, and
the surface formed by these rings may be turned or ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Butterworth and John
Howarth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd June 1871.
We, WALTER BUTTERWORTH, Cotton Spinner, and JOHN HOWARTH,
Engineer, both of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is applicable more particularly to the furnaces of steam
boilers, but may also be employed in some other descriptions of furnaces,
and has for its object to effect the consumption of the smoke or the
more complete consumption of the products of combustion. For this
purpose we fit or build in the "fire bridge" an air box or channel,
preferably formed of cast iron or of fire-clay, through which channel air
is or may be permitted to flow from the space below the fire-bars, and to
mingle with the products of combustion as they flow into the space or
flue beyond the said fire-bridge. The entrance to the said air channel is
or may be fitted with a regulating door or damper, and the opposite end

page_text: of the said channel is fitted or formed with a grid or with a number
of slots or perforations through which the air flows, or the said end is
left entirely open, as may be preferred. We prefer to curve or bend the
said channel in an upward direction, so as that the exit end of the said
channel may be as near as is convenient to the top of the fire bridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, OVENS, AND KILNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Tildesley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1871.
I, MATTHEW TILDESLEY, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, OVENS, AND KILNS,”
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in constructing furnaces, ovens, & kilns in
such manner as to prevent the escape of flame & heat into the stack,
and thus economising the fuel. With this view I form a bridge, either
double or solid at the back of the furnace, which bridge extends below
the level of the fire bed into a dip in the flue, so that the flame and
heat passing under the boiler in steam boiler furnaces strikes against
this bridge, and rising upwards by its own natural law the heat is all
employed under and around the boiler whilst the draught is maintained
under the bridge by the dip in the flue. The space formed by the double
bridge may be open to the outer air through the brick setting of the
boiler, in which case the cold air descending through this space becomes
heated by contact with the sides of the ridge. In annealing ovens and

page_text: kilns the same principle will apply, the bridge and dip in the flue being
placed at any point near to or in the throat of the stack, by preference
immediately in the rear of the furnace.
I also propose to make annealing ovens and kilns capable of burning
uphill & downhill from the same fire. This I effect by so arranging 5
the flues and dampers that I can shut off the heat at any stage when
burning upwards and divert into a downward current, or vice versa.