Year: 1886

page_text: I NICHOLAS POUCHKAREFF of St. Petersburg in the Empire of Russia Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
The object of these Improvements is to effect perfect combustion of oils in lamps
without employing glass tubes or chimneys. The means hereinafter described also
enable the intensity of the light to be regulated and to obtain a source of light or
luminous centre of a lighting power of one thousand normal candle power and upwards
as well as luminous points so fine as to be scarcely perceptible:
In a portable or table lamp constructed according to my invention with a round
wick the burner is constituted by an internal central metallic tube open at both ends
and passing through the oil chamber to the bottom of which it is soldered. With this
object the lower part of the tube is turned outwards and upwards at the edges so as to
form an annular cup into which the wick descends. The outer edge of this cup is
soldered to the bottom of the oil chamber which is provided at its centre with a
corresponding opening. The tube is surrounded by the wick which is attached at its
lower extremity to a ring capable of sliding upon the tube. Two racks having
inclined teeth are soldered to the ring at points diametrically opposite and serve for
raising and lowering the wick. The upper part of the wick is covered by a sleeve or
outer tube of slightly conical form fixed at its lower edge to a collar surrounding the
central (annular) opening in the top of the oil chamber. This sleeve is provided at its
lower edge with two openings for the passage of the two racks. On the upper part of
these racks there is screwed a nut the lower part of which embraces or fits over the
flange or enlargement of the sleeve and is retained thereon by screws which pass
through the thickness of the nut and project into a groove formed in the circumference
of the flange on the sleeve. The nut is thus enabled to turn freely upon but cannot
come off the flange or enlargement on the sleeve and by turning the said nut the racks
whose teeth engage with the screw thread in the nut can be raised or lowered together
with the wick.
In the interior of the central tube there is fixed a plate
helix and retained in position in the tube by small springs.
twisted in the form of a
This plate terminates at

page_text: its lower extremity in a stem provided with a knob or button and passing through a
cup attached to the lower extremity of the tube. By means of the knob the position
of the helix and of a deflecting disc attached to the upper extremity thereof can be
regulated or adjusted. The helical plate serves to increase the heating of the current
of air which ascends inside the central tube, and the disc, by deflecting this current as
it issues from the said tube increases its action on the internal surface of the flame.
Above the disc I place a metal ring (of brass for example). This ring becomes heated
by contact with the flame and increases the draught by sucking in the upper part of
the flame which remains entirely within the ring. In place of the wire ring a small
chimney may be employed the lower edge of which is preferably notched or serrated.
Trials have shewn that the lamp hereinbefore described produces a very intense
white light without any traces of soot or smell. The lamp burner may be surrounded
by a transparent or semitransparent globe supported by a holder provided with lateral
orifices for the admission of air. In addition to the other advantages mentioned the
oil is very slightly or not at all heated in the oil chamber, being separated from the
heated surface of the tube by the thickness of the wick. In order to altogether
obviate all possibility of heating, the oil chamber may be made of an annular shape
communicating with the burner through small tubes, or a number of burners may
arranged around a common oil chamber.
be
My Invention may also be applied to burners with flat wicks but in this case it is
indespensable to provide more powerful means for increasing the draught.
With this object the burner is surmounted by a cone serving to collect the hot air
and direct it into a tube at its upper part containing a small motor wheel provided
with pallets or vanes fixed on an arbor passing through the sides of the tube and
imparting motion to two fan wheels or blowers. These blowers draw air from the
exterior through small holes in the sides of their cases and drive this air through two
conduits into an air Chamber or casing surrounding the lamp and having no other
outlet than an annular orifice at the lower part or base of the flame. The motor wheel
is set in motion by the action of the current of air ascending in the tube this current
being guided by inclined plates or deflectors so as to impinge upon the vanes on one
side only of the said wheel.
In small lamps it is simply necessary to provide the lamp with a transparent or
semitransparent globe attached to the holder in such a manner as to prevent any air
from entering the globe except by passing under an air chamber or casing surrounding
the upper part of the oil chamber. By these means a strong current of air is supplied
around the flame insuring perfect combustion. It is evident that the details of this
arrangement may be modified. For example the casing may be made in one with the
foot of the lamp and may entirely surround the lamp reservoir. In this arrangement
the flat burner is surrounded by a cone forming a cover connected by an air tight
joint with the air chamber or casing the upper edge of which is provided with a series
of openings for the admission of air.
The shape or form of the globe is altogether immaterial provided that it is
connected by an air tight joint at its base with the reservoir or oil chamber of the
lamp. I may employ in place of the globe a lantern connected by an air tight joint
to the air chamber or casing when the latter is employed with a flat wick or connected
directly to the oil chamber in the case of a round wick. In order to obviate the
reffects of external air currents it is advisable to provide in an air tight box underneath
the lamp a series of vanes or blades forming a screen.
According to another form of lamp constructed according to my Invention without
a lamp glass the adjustment of the wick is effected as hereinafter described. The
lower end of the wick is fixed to a ring capable of sliding upon the outer tube of the
burner and embraced by a spring Clip the ends of which are connected by a hook or
loop. The clip is connected to a rod projecting from the oil chamber and provided
externally with a knob or handle.
A small Kerosine lamp capable of acting as a night light or kindler is constructed
as follows: An oil chamber for the Kerosine is closed by a small hollow Cylinder
acting as a stopper. Through the bottom of this Cylinder is passed a thin or small

page_text: tube for the reception of the wick consisting of a cotton thread doubled or folded in
two the said tube being soldered to the Cylinder. The bottom of this Cylinder is
provided with holes through which the drops of Kerosine escaping from the upper end
of the tube may return to the oil chamber. On the upper part of the cylinder slides
a conical tube supported by a spring and rising somewhat above the upper extremity
of the tube. The lower edge or flange of the cone forms a support or holder for the
glass globe. By pressing down or lowering the globe together with the cone the
latter uncovers the tube and the flame becomes sufficiently large to illuminate
the apartment or to light a candle cigar or the like. On removing the pressure from
the globe the cone again covers the tube and the flame is reduced to a luminous
point without being altogether extinguished.
According to another modification of my Invention in place of the twisted or helical
plate hereinbefore described the internal or central tube supplying heated air to the
burner is traversed by a tube terminating at its upper extremity in a ring of porcelain
or other refractory material and constituting a channel for the descending current
drawn by the chimney through lateral branches or tubes. The burner is surrounded
by an external tube placed between the wick tube and the annular oil chamber so as to
ensure a proper supply of heated air to the exterior of the flame. The adjustment of
the wick is effected by means of a rod attached to the ring holding the wick. The
lower end of the rod is in the form of a screw and works in a screw in the cup. This
cup is provided with holes for the admission of air.
Owing to the arrangement of the wick between two metal tubes highly heated by
the flame the mineral oil is vapourized or converted into gas the perfect combustion
of which is ensured by a powerful draught obtained as hereinbefore set forth so that a
glass chimney is not required.
Dated this 22nd day of Santami 1004
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London,
Agent for the said Nicholas Pouchkareff.
b

page_text: I NICHOLAS POUCHKAREFF of St. Petersburgh in the Empire of Russia Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of these improvements is to affect perfect combustion of oils in lamps
without the aid of the glass tubes or chimneys ordinarily employed the disadvantages
of which are well known.
Means are also provided for enabling the intensity of the light of the lamps to
be regulated or modified and for obtaining sources of light or luminous centres
of a lighting power of say about one thousand normal candle power and upwards, or
luminous points so small as to be scarcely perceptible.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several
figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in vertical section the general
construction of a portable or table lamp constructed according to my Invention with
a round wick, the principal feature in this lamp being the special construction of the
burner. This burner is constituted by an internal central metallic tube a open
at both ends and passing through an oil chamber A to the bottom of which it is
connected by bending the lower part of the tube a outwards and upwards at the edges
as indicated in the drawing so as to form an annular cup into which the wick b
descends. The outer edge of this cup is soldered to the bottom c of the oil chamber A
which is provided at its centre with a corresponding opening. The tube a is
surrounded by the wick b which is attached at its lower extremity to a ring d capable
of sliding upon the tube a. Two racks ee having inclined teeth are soldered to the
ring d at points diametrically opposite and serve for raising and lowering the wick.
The upper part of the wick is surrounded by a sleeve or outer tube f of slightly
conical form fixed at its lower edge to a flange or collar surrounding the central
(annular) opening in the top of the oil chamber A.
The flange on the sleeve is provided with two openings for the passage of the two
racks e e.
The teeth of these racks engage with a screw thread in a nut g the lower
part of which embraces or fits over the flange or enlargement of the sleeve ƒ and
is retained thereon by screws which pass through the thickness of the nut
and project into a groove formed in the circumference of the flange on the sleeve 7.
The nut is thus enabled to turn freely upon but cannot slip off the flange or
enlargement on the sleeve and by turning the said nut the racks ee can be raised or
lowered together with the wick. In the interior of the tube a there is fixed a plate i
twisted in the form of a helix and retained in position in the tube by small springs jj.
This plate terminates at its lower extremity in a stem or rod m provided with a knob

page_text: or button o and passing through a cup n attached to the lower extremity of the tube a.
By means of the knob o the position of the helix i and of a deflecting disc & attached
to the upper extremity thereof can be regulated or adjusted.
The helical plate i serves to retard the passage and consequently increase the
heating of the current of air which ascends inside the tube a and the disc k by
deflecting this current as it issues from the top of the tube a increases its action
on the internal surface of the flame. Above the disc k I place a metal ring
(of brass wire for example) shown in plan in fig. 1. This ring becomes heated
by contact with the flame and increases the draught by sucking in the upper part
of the flame which remains entirely within the ring as indicated in figure 1. In
place of the wire ring a short tube or chimney figure 2 may be employed the
lower edge of which is preferably notched or serrated.
This lamp produces a very intense white light without any traces of soot or smell.
The lamp burner may be surrounded by a transparent or semi-transparent globe p
supported by a holder q provided with lateral orifices for the admission of air to the
exterior of the flame. In addition to the other advantages mentioned the oil in the
chamber A is very slightly or not at all heated being separated from the heated
surface a by the wick b.
In order to altogether obviate all possibility of heating, the oil chamber may
be made of an annular shape as indicated at A' figure 8 communicating with the
burner through small tubes, or a number of burners may be arranged around
a common oil chamber A as represented in figure 9.
My invention may also be applied to burners with flat wicks but in this case
it is indispensible to provide more powerful means for increasing the draught as
hereinafter described with reference to figures 10 to 12 for example.
In the lamp illustrated in vertical section in figure 10 the burner is surmounted by
a cone B serving to collect the hot air and products of combustion and direct them
into a tube C containing a small motor wheel G provided with pallets or vanes and
fixed on an arbor H passing through the sides of the tubes C and imparting motion
to two fan wheels or blowers G G. These blowers draw air from the exterior
through small holes in the sides of their cases I and drive this air through two
tubes FF into an air chamber or casing K surrounding the oil chamber of the lamp
and having no other outlet than an annular orifice at the lower part or base of the
flame. The motor wheel G is set in motion by the action of the current of air
and gas ascending in the tube C this current being guided by inclined plates or
deflectors as indicated in Figure 11 so as to impinge upon the vanes on one side
only of the axis of the wheel.
In the case of small lamps of this class it is simply necessary to provide the lamp
with a transparent or semi transparent globe H' figure 12 attached to a holder L' in
such a manner as to prevent any air from entering the globe H except by passing
under an air chamber or casing K surrounding the upper part of the oil chamber.
By these means a strong current of air is supplied around the flame insuring perfect
combustion.
It is evedent that the details of these arrangements may be modified. For example
the casing K made be made in one with the foot of the lamp and may entirely
surround the lamp reservoir as indicated in Figure 3. In this arrangement the
flat burner is surrounded by a cone or cap 1 figure 4 forming a cover connected
by an air tight joint with the air chainber or casing K not shown in this figure the
upper edge of which is provided with a series of openings 2 figure 3 for the admission
of air. The shape or form of the globe H¹ is altogether immaterial provided that
it is made air tight at its base. In the arrangement illustrated in figure 5 employ
in place of the globe H' a lantern W connected by an air tight joint to an air
chamber or casing such as K figures 3 and 12 when employed with a flat wick
or connected directly to the oil chamber in the case of a round wick.
In order to obviate the effects of external air currents it is advisable to provide this
lamp with an air-tight box L arranged underneath the lamp and containing a series

page_text: of inclined or deflecting vanes or blades forming a screen which prevents sudden
rushes of air to the flame.
Figure 6 illustrates another form of lamp constructed without a lamp glass
according to my invention. In this lamp, the adjustment of the wick is effected as
hereinafter described. The lower end of the wick is attached to a ring capable of
sliding upon the outer tube of the burner and embraced by a spring clip t, drawn in
dotted lines in elevation and in full lines in plan in figure 6.. The ends of the clip t,
are connected together by a hook or loop u, on one side of the sliding ring and the
other side of the clip is connected to a rod s projecting from the oil-chamber and
provided externally with a knob or handle e, by means of which the wick can be raised
or lowered as required.
Figure 7 represents in section a small Kerosine lamp, capable of acting as a night-
light or kindler. This lamp is provided with an oil-chamber A for the Kerosine,
closed by a hollow cylinder y, acting as a stopper. Through the bottom of this cylinder
is passed a thin or small tube for the reception of a wick, consisting of a cotton-
thread, doubled or folded in two, for example, the said tube being soldered to the
bottom of the cylinder y. The bottom of this cylinder is provided with holes through
which the Kerosine escaping from the upper end of the tube a, may return to the oil-
chamber A. On the upper part of the cylinder y, slides a conical tube 2, supported
The
by a spring, and rising somewhat above the upper extremity of the tube .
lower edge or flange of the cone 2, forms a gallery or holder for a glass globe H'.
By pressing down or lowering the globe together with the cone, the latter uncovers
the upper extremity of the wick-tube a, and the flame becomes sufficiently large to
illuminate the apartment or to light a candle, cigar or the like. On removing the
pressure from the globe H, the cone, being pushed up by the spring r, again covers
the tube a, and the flame is reduced to a luminous point, without being altogether
extinguished.
Figures 13 and 14 represent in vertical and horizontal sections respectively, an
arrangement for a lamp, acting on analogous principles to what are known as
regenerator gas lamps. According to this arrangement, in place of the twisted
or helical plate i, shewn in Figure 1, the internal or central air-tube a of the burner
contains a central concentric tube M, terminating at its upper extremity in a
ring N, of porcelain or other refractory material and constituting a Channel for a
descending current of products of combustion, drawn by the draught of a chimney R,
through the tube M and through lateral tubes S S. The wick tube is surrounded by
an external tube T, placed between the wick tube and the annular oil chamber A and
supplying heated air to the exterior of the flame. The adjustment of the wick is
effected by means of a rod u, attached to a ring or clip holding the wick. The
lower end of the rod u, is in the form of a screw working in a nut in a cup V, attached
to the lower end of the tube T and provided with holes for the admission of air.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that in lamps, constructed according
to my invention, the wick being between two heated metal tubes, the mineral oil is
not only vapourised, but is actually converted into a lighting gas, the perfect
combustion of which is ensured by a powerful draught obtained as hereinbefore set
forth, and whereby a glass chimney is rendered unnecessary.
said Invention
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In an oil-lamp with a round wick, the employment of two metal tubes between
which the wick is placed, in combination with an internal winding or helical air
passage provided with a deflecting disc and a draught ring or tube surrounding the
Hame, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 1, 1 and 2 of
the accompanying drawings.
Second. In an oil-lamp with a flat wick, the arrangement for supplying air to the
flame in combination with fan-wheels or blowers operated by the products of
combustion from the lamp, and a receiving cone and lateral air-passages or tubes (F),

page_text: substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the
accompanying drawings.
Third. The mode of accelerating the draught by means of a glass globe hermetically
fixed to its support or holder in combination with a casing surrounding the oil
chamber and forming part of the globe holder or support, or of the foot or base of the
lamp, being in the latter case connected by an air tight joint with a cone or cap
surrounding the flame the said glass globe admitting of being made in any desired
shape or of having a plain lantern substituted therefor all substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The mode of adjusting the wick by means of a spring clip embracing the
wick holder and attached to a rod provided with an external knob or button
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 6 and 6" of the
accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In night lights, kindlers and the like with burners arranged and operating
according to this Invention as hereinbefore set forth the combination of a thin or
small wick tube fixed in the reservoir or chamber containing the kerosive and
surrounded by a cone supporting a glass globe and serving to regulate the flame
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixth. In regenerator lamps with burners arranged and operating as hereinbefore
setforth the combination of the improved burner with an internal tube (M) and an
external tube (T) the said internal tube being provided at its upper extremity with a
ring of refractory material substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of Tuna 1887