A METHOD OR METHODS OF ENCREASING THE SECURITY, TENACITY, AND STRENGTH OF BEAMS, AXLES, RODS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
DUGDALE, of Paris, now residing in Manchester Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Nineteenth
day of January, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Richard Dugdale,
Her especial licence, that I, the said Richard Dugdale, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Dugdale, my exors, adiñiors,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, an Invention communicated to me by Alex-
ander Ricord, Doctor of Medicine, a foreigner residing abroad, of "A METHOD OR
METHODS OF ENCREASING THE SECURITY, TENACITY, AND STRENGTH OF BEAMS, AXLES,
RODS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF IRON AND STEEL;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso, that I, the said Richard Dugdale shall
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the

page_text: same is to be performed, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Dugdale, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention
consists in encreasing the security, tenacity, and strength of beams, rods, shafts,
and other articles. of iron, and steel made of an, elongated form, more par-
ticularly such as are exposed to sudden shocks, or great and irregular strains,
as carriage axles, mill shafts, or ships' anchors, by making the same of two
concentric pieces, that is to say of two pieces one within the other, welded
together at the ends, whereby the force of the shock or strain in each case
becomes dispersed throughout the external pieces without materially affecting
the inner, and any tendency to fracture arising from an accidental flaw or
imperfection in the metal, is confined to the piece, whether outer or inner, in
which it occurs, and does not extend through the whole thickness of the beam,
rod, shaft or other like article. And I declare that the manner in which the
said Invention is performed is shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed, and
in the following description thereof (that is to say):-
Figure 1 exhibits an axle formed on, my plan. in. its complete, state, and
Figure 2 a partial section thereof, wherein A, A, represents the inner con-
centric piece, and B, B, the outer. The two pieces A, A, and B, B, are welded
together at their extremities, the parts whereof marked c, d, f, designed to
receive the nuts, caps, &c. are thus rendered perfectly solid.. Figure 3 is a view
partly in section of a mill, shaft, in which A represents the inner and. B the
outer concentric piece, the ends. being welded together as in the case of Figures
1 and 2; and Figure 4 is a view of a ship's anchor, also partly in section, in
which, A, A, is the inner and B, B, the outer concentric, pieces, the flukes and
shanks being; attached to the outer piece and left solid, as in: anchors of the
ordinary construction. The inner concentric piece may be. of various pro-
portional diameters, to the diameter of the outer, but according to my
experience, sufficient strength and safety, will be in all cases secured by making
the diameter of the inner concentric piece about one-third of that, of the outer.
The inner concentric piece may like the outer be. hollow or tubular, but I
prefer a combination of a hollow or tubular outer piece with solid interior
piece. whereby great strength of form is combined with great strength of
substance to produce the desired effect of greatly increased security.
And having now described the nature of the said invented. method or methods,
and the manner in which the same is or are to be performed, I declare that

page_text: what I claim as new, is the method or methods herein-before described of en-
creasing the security, tenacity, and strength of beams, rods, shafts, and other
articles of iron and steel made of an elongated form, more particularly such as
are exposed to sudden shocks, or great and irregular strains, as carriage axles,
mill shafts, or ships' anchors, by making the: same of two concentric pieces
welded together at the end or otherwise secured the one within the other, and
whether both of the said pieces are hollow or one of them only, whereby the
force of the shock or strain in each case becomes dispersed throughout the
external piece without materially affecting the inner, and any tendency to
fracture arising from an accidental flaw or imperfection in the metal is con-
fined to the piece, whether outer or inner, in which it occurs, and does not
extend through the whole thickness of the beam, rod, shaft, or other like
article. And such the said invented method or methods being to the best of
my knowledge and belief new, and never before used within that part of Her
said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, called England,
Iler Dominion of Wales, Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, or in any of IIer said
Majesty's colonies and plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe that this my said Speci-
fication doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or disguise with
the proviso in the said recited Letters Patent contained, wherefore I hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Dugdale, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this first day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-nine
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1839, the aforesaid Richard Dugdale, came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
O said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-nine.