Improvements in Manufacturing Coke.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1889.
Complete Specification Left, 5th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 20th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in Manufacturing Coke.
I, FRANZ BRUNOK, of Dortmund, Westphalia, Prussia, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to form tubular hollow spaces in the filled coking
chambers, by applying a pressure acting from the interior of the charge towards the
heating surfaces.
In order to produce a good quality of coke from compressed distilling material it is
necessary, particularly in the beginning of the operation, to separate from the distilling
products as much tar as possible and to distribute it evenly as a cement throughout
the distilling mass.
By this simple and sure method a larger quantity of tar, to act as a cement in the
mass, is produced, and will be more equally distributed, the larger the quantity of gas
which passes through the distilling mass, the greater the resistance it has to overcome
and the more the gases are cooled on their way through the charge.
Accordingly the object when filling the chambers is to press the distilling mass as
tightly as possible against the heating surfaces in order, on the one hand, to attain the
greatest heating effect, and, on the other hand, to force as much as possible of the gas
being produced, through the distilling mass, especially at the beginning of the
operation, while the mass is still cold and consequently the cooling of the gas most
rapid.
Another object to be attained is as uniform a pressure as possible in all parts of the
coking chambers, increasing with the distance from the heating surfaces in the same
ratio as the heating effect of the latter diminishes and likewise as the tar contained in
the gas, diminishes in quantity by previous secretion.
None of the processes so far known comply with these conditions, especially when
the customary narrow furnaces are used, because the pressure is always unequal and
therefore insufficient, not only in those cases, where the pressure is effected within the
coking chambers, either from the surface the charge or from the end, but also in
those cases where, in order to obtain a uniform density, the charge is compressed
before it is introduced into the chamber, because it cannot be brought into
sufficiently close adhesion with the heating surfaces.
In my process all these conditions are completely complied with, because the hollow
spaces, as I produce them by pressure will be so arranged as to form everywhere,
between the heating surfaces and the hollow spaces, layers of moderate thickness,
corresponding to the exerted pressure, thereby enabling me to press the charge firmly
against the heating surfaces.
An apparatus for producing such hollow spaces is shewn in the annexed drawing.
It is supposed that two hollow spaces, A and B, situated one above the other, are to
be formed. For this purpose I employ three pistons K', K² and K³, the two former
producing by their forward movement the tubular hollow spaces A and B, whereas K'
serves to offer the required resistance towards the top, at the same time planing the
surface of the charge. All three pistons move forward in unison,-the piston K³ may
however be made to act independently of the others and be so arranged that it will
effect a previous smoothing of the surface and equal distribution of the mass.
The middle prismatic part of the pistons K¹ and K² has the shape of the tubular
spaces to be formed and its cross section is so calculated that the mass pushed aside by
the forward movement of the piston produces the desired pressure upon the charge.
The forward part of the prismatic piston ends in what may be called a driving head
with sloping surfaces and angles-its object being to push aside the charge, thereby
forming the tubular hollows and at the same time pressing the distilling mass against
the heating surfaces.

page_text: The piece connecting the prismatic portion with the piston rod must likewise slope
off in order to prevent damage to the hollow spaces on its way back.
The length of the driving head as well as the exact form and angles of its sloping
surfaces depend upon the cross section of the prismatic part of the piston and upon the
force of the pressure to be exerted in the various directions; they are therefore to be
determined upon for each separate case.
This is likewise the case with the number
and form of the hollows, both of which depend on the one hand on the form of the
coking chambers and on the other on the cross section as well as 'on' the nature of the “
mass to be distilled.
The hollows are generally formed by a simple 'forward motion of the pistons,in
special cases however this can also be done by withdrawing the piston. Where round
hollows are desirable, the pistons may also be worked like a drill. In most cases the
action of the pistons is produced by machinery, either direct or by means of suitable
gearing, in special cases manual labour can be applied. The piston rods must be
placed and directed from without the coking chambers in such a manner that the
hollow spaces are formed in the desired positions.
Besides the advantages already mentioned as resulting from the above described
process as compared with other similar processes so far as known, it has the further
advantage, that it can be easily adapted in most coking establishments without
considerable alterations, not to mention the better appearance which is given to the
inner head surfaces of the coke in consequence of the smooth hollows.
Dated this 5th day of November 1889
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per. F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Manufacturing Coke.
1, FRANZ BRUNCK of Dortmund, Westphalia, Prussia, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of these improvements is to form tubular hollow spaces in the filled
coking chambers by applying a pressure acting from the interior of the material with
which they are charged towards the heating surfaces.
3
A better quality of coke will be obtained from compressed distilling material, if
the distilling mass is pressed as closely as possible towards the beating surfaces, so 3
that on the one hand the best heating effect is obtained and on the other hand at the
commencement of the distilling process a great, if not the whole quantity of produced
gas is obliged to flow through the still cold and wet distilling mass.
Furthermore the compression throughout the whole coking chamber should be as...
uniform as possible and increase with the distance from the heating, surface in the 4
same proportion as the heating effect of the said heating surfaces and the cementing
effect of the passing gas decrease.
None of the methods hitherto known, especially when the ordinary narrow ovens
are used; fulfils these conditions, for the reason that when the mass is compressed.
within the coking chamber, whether from the surface of the charge or from the top 4
of the oven, the compression will not be uniform and in consequence will be
insufficient and when in order to obtain a more uniform density: the material is
pressed before it is introduced into the chamber, it does not lie closely enough to the
heating surfaces.
In my process these conditions are complied with in the most perfect manner; since. 5
the spaces, by the formation of which the pressure is produced, will be arranged in-
such a way, that the material remaining between the tubular spaces and the heating"
surfaces is everywhere only of moderate thickness corresponding to the desired
pressure, and since furthermore the distilling material is at the same time: pressed
tightly against the heating surfaces.
1

page_text: Apparatus suitable for forming such tubular spaces is illustrated in the drawing
filed with my Provisional Specification. In this drawing it is supposed, that two hollow
spaces A and B one above the other are to be formed.
For this purpose I employ three pistons K' K' and K³. The pistons K' and K'
produce by their forward movement the tubular spaces A and B, while the piston K
offers the necessary resistance towards the top and at the same time planing or
smoothing the surface of the charge. All three pistons move forward in unison.
The piston K³ may however be made to act independently of the others and may be
arranged so as to effect a previous smoothing of the material and equal distribution of
the mass.
The middle part (which may be prismatic) of the pistons K and K has the shape
of the hollow spaces to be formed and its cross section is of such dimensions that
the mass displaced by the pistons produces the desired pressure in the adjacent
layers of the material. The forward part of the piston is formed with sloping surfaces
and constitutes a pusher, which on the forward movement of the piston displaces the
opposed material in directions perpendicular to the path of the piston, thus producing
the tubular space and at the same time pressing the material to be distilled against
the heating surfaces.
The connecting piece between the central part of the piston and the piston rod is
also formed with sloping surfaces, so as not to injure the walls of the tubular space
on the return movement of the piston.
The length of the pusher as well as the exact form and angles of its sloping surfaces
depend upon the cross section of the central part of the piston and upon the degree
of pressure to be exerted in the different directions; they must therefore be deter-
mined for each separate case. This is likewise the case with the number and shape
of the tubular spaces which are dependent on the one hand upon the form of the
coking chamber and on the other hand upon the cross section as well as on the
nature of the material to be distilled.
The tubular spaces are generally formed simply by the forward motion of the
pistons but in special cases this may be done also on the withdrawal of the piston.
When tubes of circular cross section are to be formed the piston may be worked like
a drill. Ordinarily the pistons are actuated by machinery, either directly or through
the intervention of suitable gearing; in some cases however they may be actuated
by hand.
The piston rods must be supported and guided from the outside of the coking
chamber in such a manner that the tubular spaces will be formed in the desired position.
The small openings in the covers or doors, through which the pistons penetrate
into the chamber, are closed by easily movable covers or doors.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The formation in the longitudinal direction of a coking chamber and in the
material that has been introduced therein, of tubular spaces of any suitable cross
section in such a manner that pressure is exerted from the interior of the charged
material outwards towards the heating surfaces of the coking chamber substantially
in the manner and for the purpose herein before described with reference to the
accompanying drawing.
2. The construction and application of pistons of the kind herein before described
for forming tubular spaces in material to be coked and thereby exerting outward
pressure in any suitable direction and of any desired degree upon such material
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings for the purpose set forth.
The Amount 1800
FRANZ BRUNCK.
By L. W., per F. B.