Improvements in and relating to Turbine Propellers for Ships.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Nov., 1894'
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1895-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Turbine Propellers for Ships.
I, ADOLF WILHELM FRANZ GEORG LINNENBRÜGGE, of No. 4 Weisse
Kreuzstrasse, Hanover, in the Kingdom of Prassia, German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to reaction turbine propellers for ships and more especially
to apparatus which serves to reverse the direction of the propelling-juts.. It has
for its object to render this reversal of the jets as free from, resistance as practicable.
and to simplify the steering of the ship. For this purpose the improved apparatas,
which I term propelling-jet reverser," is composed of arc-shaped ribs arranged in.
a circle and joining together so as to form a dome-shaped body. There are as
many ribs as the guide wheel or wheel giving direction to the issuing water has cells;;
they are of the same width as the latter and are separated from each other by inter
mediate spaces. These ribs are provided below with a semi-cylindrical space.
which is closed by straight walls on the inuer sides and the side turned away.
from the water, whilst it is open on the side turned towards the water. This.
system of ribs constitutes a slide which can be adjusted about the axis of the
turbine. When this slide is with its ribs above the spaces between the cells of the
guide wheel, which are contracted in a suitable manner towards the front for producing
these informediate spaces, the propelling-jets will pass out straight and the ship
will move forward; when the ribs are in front of the said cells their cylingtçien!
cavities deflect the jets and the ship will move rearwards; and when the ribs are
only half in front of the said cells only half of each jet will be reversed and the
ship will stop.
For enabling the ship to be steered in any position of the reverser I provide for
ench half of the guide wheel at the outlet orifice of its cells a slide-valve Legined
steering slide-valve," which is arranged to be turned through the angle of
division in order to close some cells on the corresponding side. By means of one
slide-valve the ship is moved starboard, and by means of the other slide-valve she is
moved backboard. If the ship has several iurbine propellers the steering slide-
valves may be dispensed with. The reverser may also be composed of two halves
adapted to be adjusted independently of each other.
Dated this 1st day of November 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicaut.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Turbine Propellers for Ships.
1, ADOLF WILHELM FRANZ GEORG LINNENBRUGGE, of No. Weisse
Kreuzstrasse, Hannover, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
My invention relates to reaction turbine propellers for ships and more especially

page_text: to apparatus which serve to reverse the direction of the propelling jets. It bas
for its object to render this reversal of the jets as free from resistance as
practicable. For this purpose the improved apparatus, which I term "propelling
jet reverser," is loosely mounted on the axis of the axial turbine so that it can be
adjusted by turning it ou the said axis, and composed of as many rib shaped or
wing shaped projectious as the guide wheel or the wheel giving direction to the
issuing water, has cells. These projections are of the same width as the said
colls and are separated from each other by intermediate spaces; they are provided
below, or in front of the cells, with a semi-cylindrical space which is closed by
straight walls on the inner sides and the side turned away from the water, whilst
it is open on the side turned towards the water. This systein of ribs or wings
constitutes a slide which as stated above can he adjusted about the axis of the
turbine. When this slide is with its ribs above the spaces between the cells of the
guide wheel which are contracted in a suitable manner towards the front for
producing said intermediate spaces, the propelling jets will pass out straight,
and the ship will move forward; when the ribs are in front of the said cells
their cylindrical cavities deflect the jets and the ship will move rearwards;
and when the ribs are only half in front of said cells, one half of each jet
will be reversed, and the ship will stop. The organized propelling jet reverser
is preferably constructed with two halves adapted to be adjusted independently of
each other.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the axis of the apparatus, and
Figure 2 the front elevation of same.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on line 3-3 Figure 1.
Figures 4 and 5 are views of the two parts composing the jet reverser, and shown
in Figs. 6 and 2 respectively.
Figure 6 is a transverse section through a jet reverser composed of two
independently movable balves.
Figures 7 and 8 is a development of the cylindrical turbine propeller showing the
reverser in different positions.
Figure 9 represents respectively in front and side elevation, a portion of a ship
provided with one propelling jet reverser, and
Figure 10 shows respectively in front and side elevation, a portion of a ship
having two propelling jet reversers.
It is known that when a ship travels at a speed equal to U in smooth water
and with an outflow speed equal to to the work of reaction presents the following
equation:
•
W =
M.U(U)

page_text: From this result namely 10 = 2 U it follows that the cross section of the guide
wheel out-flow must be half as large as the inlet in cross section or half as large as
the outflow-cross-section of the axial turbine.
If therefore 4g represents the inlet cross-section, then the outlet cross-section
must be narrowed to such an extent that four orificos (Figures 1, 2) are formed,
each of which is half as large as g.
By the narrowing of the outflow orifice however between the cells as many
spaces (see Figure 7) are formed as there are rib shaped or wing shaped pieces K,
which do not prevent the water freely discharging whenever they lie right between
the outflow orifices à (Figure 7), while on the other hand they alter the direction
of the outflowing wator when they are placed over the said orifices h (Figure 8).
For this purpose the ribs or wings & are loosely mounted upon the axis in Figure 1
arranged in the axial line with the working wheel on the shaft a, by means of
a jointed hub, so that they can be turned as a whole in either direction by means
of rods n and o Figures 6 and 9. This system of ribs forms the "propelling jet
reverser." In case the vessel is provided with only one propeller, the propelling jet.
reverser is preferably-as shown in the cross sectional view in Figure 6-constructed
in two halves and respectively, each of which is provided with a hub loosoly
mounted upon the axis m, and connected with a rod n and o respectively so that the
ship can be turned or steered by merely uncovering or partially uncovering two
openings. It is evident that, if all ribs are formed with one hub in common, one
of the two ribs or o may be omitted.
In order that the jets of water may not be dispersed, the ribs are provided with
concave under sides d and the outflow orifices h, have their top surface rounded
(Figure 1), these rounded surfaces fitting exactly into the hollow surfaces d of the
propelling jet reverser.
In order that the vibrations transmitted to the ship through the propeller
be felt as little as possible the inlet body is formed as a contraction ring
and the propelling jet reverser is rounded so as to present the form of a dome.
This dome shaped rounding of the propelling jet reverser is formed by the boily A
(Figure 5) said body being composed of ribs tiu such a manner that these ribs,
correspond in number and shape to the ribs of the rotary body K proper (Figure 4).
The ribs of the said rotary body kare tapered in order not to present too great a
resistance to the water when the ship moves rearward.
In case the rotary body is bipartite, as in Figure 6; then the dome shaped.
body is likewise made of two halves. Both separate bodies may, although this
is less suitable-be connected with each other, but it is preferable that they
should be independent of each other, so that only the rotary body proper need bo
displaced.
At least two outflow orifices & must be provided; but this number may bo increased
indefinitely.
In order to increase the useful effect the working wheel or turbine b is preferably
widened toward the guide wheel e as is shown at z, z, see Figure 1.
Figure 7 shows the position of the ribs of the propelling jet reverser between
the outflow openings of the axial turbine and likewise the left side of Figure 1;
in this position-us is indicated by the arrow e, (Figure 1)-the propelling jets
come issuing in a straight direction parallel to the axial line of said propeller,
the ship moving forwards. Figure 8 on the contrary and likewise the right side of
the Figure 1 show the ribs of the reverser opposite the openings ; in this position―
as is illustrated by the arrow e' in Figure 1-the propelling jets issue in the reverse
direction at an angle to the axis of the propeller and the ship moves rearward.
Figures 7 and 8 also represent the development of the working wheel in
connection with the cells of the guide wheel.
The ship may be provided with one or more propellers arranged in the manner
described and illustrated in Figures and 10. Morcover the propeller may be
arranged laterally, provided that the feed water pipe has its outlet orifice under the
surface of the water.

page_text: The advantages of the invention are that the propelling jet reverser affords
means of changing the direction of the movement in the shortest space of time.;
and that the propeller only opposes a vory little resistance to the ship whon
moving.
Having now particularly described and ascertained, the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that, what 1
claim.is:-
1. A ship's propeller with a propelling jet reverser which consists of oue
or more parts and which can turn in the axial liue of the guide wheel so as
to bring guide bodies in front of the outlet openings provided for the
jets, while the said openings are separated by full intervals substantially as
described.
2. The propelling jet reverser described in the first claim in combination with au
axial working wheel or turbine widened toward the guide wheel.
Dated this 30th day of July 1895
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.