IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA. AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Nickels, of York Road, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING INDIA-RUBBER,
GUTTA-PERCHA. AND OTHER MATTERS."
Sealed the 27th May 1853, and dated the 7th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Nickels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th April 1853.
I, CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING
INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of using two rollers in each machine. The
rollers are formed with screws on their surfaces in place of the teeth or
projections heretofore employed, and the rollers work parallel with each
other.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Christopher Nickels, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 7th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Christopher Nickels, Her special
licence that I, the said Christopher Nickels, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Christopher Nickels,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING. KNEADING, OR GRINDING
INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER MATTERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Christopher Nickels, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christopher Nickels, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of using two rollers in each machine with
screws on their surfaces, in place of the teeth or projections heretofore
employed, and the rollers work parallel with each other.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWERS
Figure 1, shows a plan; Figure 2, an end view; and Figure 3; a
transverse section of a machine constructed according to my Invention.
In each of these figures the same letters are used to indicate similar
parts. a, a, is the framing, the nature of which is clearly shown in
the drawings; b, is a trough, within which the rollers c, c, work. The
trough b, may, when desired, have a steam jacket, if the matters, or
any of them, which are being acted on, require a greater heat than is
consequent on the process itself. In kneading or treating gutta-
percha; I have found it desirable to use a steam pipe to allow steam
to flow into the trough for a short time after the machine has been
standing for a time; but when the machine is continued in work the
heat resulting from the process is found sufficient for gutta-percha and
for india-rubber, and for compounds or mixtures containing those matters.
The axes of the rollers c, c, turn in suitable bearings c¹, c¹; and the axes
of the two rollers c, are geared together by the cog wheels d, d. The
rollers c, c, may be of like or different diameters. I have generally
used the two rollers of like diameter. The drawing shows each of the
rollers to be cut with a four-threaded screw, but the number of threads
may be varied, and it is not necessary that a like number of threads
should be on each roller. The rollers work parallel and nearly up to
each other, as is shown; and in each of the threads of the screw
rollers c, c, there are notches c2, cut, which I prefer should be made
in a diagonal direction, as shewn in the plan view of the machine.
Motion is communicated to the rollers c, c, by a steam engine or other
power applied to the axis c³, of one of the rollers c.
In order to pre-
vent the matters which are being operated on from passing over on the
sides of the trough, the guard rails e, e, are employed, which, when
necessary, can be fastened by the catches f, f, over the sides of the
trough.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details as shewn and described, so long as the
peculiar character of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is

page_text: the combination of apparatus herein described, whereby two rollers with
screws on their surfaces work together for masticating, kneading, or
grinding india-rubber, gutta-percha, and other matters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Nickels, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS. (L.S.)
Witness, J. G. TONGUE.