Electrical Heating Devices for Forging and Analogous Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 24th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by JoHN INGERSOLL GILBERT, of Malone, State of New
York, United States of America, Lawyer.]
Electrical Heating Devices for Forging and Analogous Machines.
I, OLIVER IMRAY of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County
of London, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement.
My invention relates to that class of machines, for forging and shaping articles of
metal, in which the metallic blank from which the articles are forined is heated,
softened, and prepared for the action of the shaping devices by the application of an
electric current.
It is the object of my invention to provide a more efficient and rapidly operating
means for applying the electric current at the desired time and place, thus saving
large amount of time and labour and greatly increasing the capacity of the machine
to which my improvements are applied. To this end my invention consists in
the essential elements and combinations thereof comprised in the structure herein-
after particularly set forth as one means for carrying my invention into practical
effect.
I shall explain my invention as adapted to the manufacture of horse-shoe nails,
though it will be understood that it may be advantageously employed for the manu-
facture of other articles.
In its leading features the machine hereinafter described is of the well known
Dodge type, but my invention may be employed in connection with other
machines.
In order to make my invention more clearly understood I have shewn in the
In said
accompanying drawings an adaptation of the same to practical purposes.
drawings:
Fig. 1 is an end view of a horse-shoe nail forging machine embodying my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, with some parts omitted for the sake of more
clearly showing other parts.
Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the forging mechanism.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the electric heating appliances.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 7 is an elevation of one of the actuating cams.
Referring to the drawings:
A indicates the main frame of the machine provided with suitable bearings for
supporting the parts of the operating mechanism hereinafter referred to.
B is the main driving shaft or spindle to which power is applied by the pulley C
or other means. Lis the roller hammer mounted on said spindle, rotated thereby
in the direction indicated by arrow 1 in Fig. 3 and adapted, in connection with the
opposing stationary anvil M situated at the proper distance, to reduce the rod or
blank (when heated as hereinafter described) to the required thickness, and form the
upper and lower sides of the nail.
At N is shewn the side hammer carrying the movable die P.and mounted upon
a pivot or pivots N', on which it is at the proper times rocked towards and from
the opposing stationary side die O, secured to the bed piece S, by means of an
eccentric on the spindle B the eccentric rod Q of which is connected by a universal
joint R with a rigid arm projecting laterally from the side hammer. The opposing

page_text: faces of the side dies P and O are shaped to form the edges and head of the nail
(see Fig. 2).
To the above described shaping dies the rod or blank a, shown in dotted lines, is
guided by the nose piece T (Figs. 3 and 4) through which the rod passes and
which is mounted on a bracket V bolted to the frame A. The support V₁ of the
guide T is flexible and the latter is adapted to be slightly moved horizontally by a
cam projection W on the moveable haminer N, which engages a beveled or inclined
portion of the said support.
The blank is fed forward through the nose piece T by means of the feeder e,
which is provided with the stationary clamping block d, and with the moveable
clamping block carried by spring e, the force of which latter causes the blocks to
tightly hold the nail rod.
Spring presses the feeder towards the forging dies and causes the feeding move-
ment, while the return of the feeder (to the left of Fig. 3) is effected by rock-shaft X
carrying an arm the upper end of which is pivoted to the feeder e, between ears
formed thereon, by a ping which passes through said ears and through a bearing
box seated in a recess in said arm. The rock shaft X is mounted in suitable
bearings on the frame A and is actuated to withdraw the feeder by a cam J mounted
on the cam shaft I which latter is connected by suitable gearing, as, for instance,
by wheels HFE and D with the main driving spindle B, the wheels H and D being
mounted respectively on said cam shaft and spindle, and the wheels and F being
mounted upon an intermediate stud shaft G. The said cam J actuates the rock shaft X
through the medium of a roller y carried by the upper end of an arm Z secured
rigidly to the rock-shaft or to the arm f
After the blank has received the requisite number of blows from the shaping devices
already described, the swell of the cam J forces back the arm Z and the feeder e
thus withdrawing the blank and the nail which has been formed upon its end to the
proper position for the severing of the nail from the blank, as shown in Fig. 6.
The cutting devices for this purpose consist of the bottom cutter rigidly secured to
the frame of the machine, and the top cutter carried by an arm mounted upon
and actuated by a rock shaft m. When the blank is in proper position, as shown in
Inst mentioned figure, the tappet », on the side of the cam J comes in contact with
the projecting arm o which extends downwardly from the shaft m and lifts arm o and
depresses the cutter holding arm 1. The cutters and being situated one below
and the other above the blank (see Figure 1) the latter is seized and severed by them
upon the line of juncture between the finished nail and the remainder of the blank.
At this instant the swell P on cam Jengages the roller y and moves the blank
back the additional distance, withdrawing it from the cutting devices.
At K is shewn a second cam wheel carried by the cam shaft I at the side of the
machine.
This cam is provided with a tappet or swell ¹, in the path of which is situated an
army mounted upon a rock shaft w. The latter carries (see Fig. 3) a second arm
situated beneath and adapted to engage and lift the spring e of the feeder. After the
withdrawal of the blank as above mentioned the tappet n reaches the depending end.
of said army, actuates the rock shaft, and separates the clamping devices b d of the
feeder, thus permitting the blank to be thrust forward by the operator against a stop
gauge carried by arm and which has been brought down by the movement of the
rock shaft m into the path of the blank. The shaft m is spring controlled so as to
maintain the arm o in contact with the surface of cam J, as for instance, by a
horizontal spring d (Fig. 2) attached to the front portion of the frame A and
engaging a link which is attached to and depends from a short arm or pin ¹
extending horizontally from the rock shaft.
The further revolution of cam J permits the feeder e to be thrust forward, thus
passing the end of the blank through the nose piece or guide T and into proper
position between the shaping dies, by which the forming operation already described
His repeated.
I will now proceed to describe the electric heating devices by which the metal blank

page_text: is softened at the part which is to be operated upon by the mechanical devices above
set forth.
At opposite sides of the path of the blank a are situated positive and negative
electrodes r, one or both of which may be moveable and adapted to be placed in
contact with or withdrawn from the blank.
These electrodes are best seen in Figs. 5 and 6, and are situated between the feeder
and cutters and beneath the rock shaft m, which latter is slightly cranked or bent
upwards at its middle, in order to afford the necessary space for the heating
devices.
The said electrodes are mounted upon and properly insulated from arms s s¹
which are pivotally connected at 2 with the frame of the machine. Said arms
are normally pressed apart by an interposed spring U or equivalent device, and
are controlled in this movement away from each other by inclines formed on a
bar which is pivoited at t² to a portion of the main frame. The laterally pro-
jecting end of bar T is situated in the path of a tappet or cam projection (³
formed upon the side of the cam K (see Fig. 6).
8
The withdrawal of the blank by the projection P', already described, brings
that portion of it which is to heated into proper position between the electrodes r¹.
At this time, and before the action of tappet n¹ to release the blank, the cam
projection (3 engages the end of bar t, presses the inclines t' towards the
pivotted arms s', and forces the latter towards each other, carrying with them
the electrodes which are thus brought into contact with the opposite sides of
the blank, immediately heating the latter to the desired degree by the passage
of the strong electric current in the circuit of which the electrodes are situated.
Having been thus heated the blank is ready to be fed to the cutting devices, as
already described.
In the construction illustrated I have shewn both the electrodes moveable, and
I prefer this arrangement, but it will be understood that if desired one electrode
may be stationary, or both electrodes may be stationary and adapted to bear
constantly upon the blank, but the latter arrangement is not so convenient or
economical, as it interferes with a free movement of the blank and keeps too large a
portion of it heated.
Suitable brushes or flexible conductors ² bear on or are attached to the electrodes,
and form a portion of an electric circuit 3, which is supplied with a current of the
desired intensity by means of a dynamo R, or other suitable generator.
At the time when the electric current is not being passed through the blank a I
have provided for accumulating the same, thus saving a considerable amount of
electric force. This I effect by interposing between the generator and the electric
heating devices, the storage battery or accumulator R2. The constant production of
electric force by the dynaino is therefore not a waste, but the energy is all ultimately
utilized in the actual heating of the blank at the necessary time.
The mode of operation of my invention has been sufficiently set forth in the
foregoing description of its construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The use in a forging machine, or machine wherein material is shaped by
means of dies, of electric heating devices arranged and operating, substantially as set
forth.
2. The use in a forging or analogous machine, wherein the material operated upon
is heated intermittently by an electric current, of an accumulator or storage battery
arranged substantially as and for the purpose specified.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.