IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE CUTTING OR DRESSING OF STONE."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Booth; John. Booth, and Jeremiah Booth,
all of Rodley, near Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers and
Millwrights, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE CUTTING OR DRESSING OF STONE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Booth, John
Booth, and Jeremiah Booth at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th December 1867.
We, JOSEPH BOOTH, JOHN BOOTH, and JEREMIAH BOOTH, all of Rodley,
near Leeds, in the County of York, Engineers and Millwrights, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE CUTTING OR DRESSING OF STONE," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the operations of cutting and
dressing stone.
In carrying out the Invention the cutting or dressing tools are formed by
preference with stems to pass into sockets of lever holders, and these stems
have each a thread to receive a nut, by which the tool is retained in position.
Keys or wedges may, however, be used in place of the screw adjustment, and
the keys or wedges may have spring ends to pass into teeth provided for them

page_text: on the tool, and thereby hold them in position. Each tool may be applied to
a separate lever, or there may be several tools to each lever, and the levers
are used in series arranged side by side, and they are operated by tappets or
cams, which may be adjustablo to raise all the levers of series at the samo
or at different times, so that the action of the tool carried by them may be
simultaneous or in succession. Adjustable stops are applied to regulate depth
of cut. The parts of the levers acted upon by the cams or tappets may also
be moveable, and the tappet shaft may be applied between the cutters and the
axis of motion of the series of levers. The axis of motion of the series of
levers and the bar carrying the stops are carried frames moveable on the
parts carrying the axes of the tappets, and are actuated by screw gear or
otherwise to give facility for adjusting the angle of cut. The bearings of tho
axis of the tappets are also capable of being shifted to regulate the blow.
Springs or weights may also be used to aid or control the force desired to be
imparted to the tools. All of a series of tools working together may be of
the same or of different kinds. The cutter head or frame carrying the cutter
levers and parts acting thereon may be adjusted by screw or other suitable
motion.
The stone to be cut or dressed is affixed by clamping or otherwise to a
traversing table capable of traversing on pulleys or rollers by a progressive
motion during the cutting, and at the end of a traverse the table inay be
shifted by a crane, or by turntables or other carriages to and from another
traverse, to again come into position to be further operated upon if necessary,
or for a readjustment of another stone to be similarly operated upon, or the
Table carrying the stone to be cut or dressed may travel in a circle. Any of
the levers carrying the cutting tools may be held out of work when desired.
Several series of cutters and cutter levers in frames may be applied to act in
ccession. In squaring or trimming the edges of stone several may be placed
ide by side and operated together, such stones being held upon a table
capable of being varied in its height, and of traversing when desired. The
cutting head carrying the axis of the levers with the tappet shaft and supports
for stops may be supported in a frame from above, and be capable of longi-
tudinal and transverse motion to facilitate the cutting of large blocks, whilst
the frame carrying the stone may have motion given to it in different
directions.
For cutting or dressing the edges of slabs of stone, commonly called
"drafting," and the like, we apply cutters in levers to work at angles to the
stone, and by preference four or more at a time, that is, one, or there may be

page_text: more than one to each side working simultaneously, whilst the carriages of
these levers traverse on a rectangular or other frame, each part of which is
capable of movement to adapt the cutting to the size of. the stone for the
time under operation by means of right and left band screws, or by other
means. Chains, bands, or shafts give motion to the tappet shafts. The tools
may be held in sockets hinged to the carrying levers to admit of the point of
the cutter travelling with the stone after a cut without injury to the tool,
whilst a spring returns the cutters to the working position. By these means
the stone may be first operated upon or drafted round at the edges in one
machine or by one set of tools previous to it being worked on the general
surface, by which facility is afforded in the working of the stone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Booth, John Booth, and Jeremiah Booth, in the
Great Seal Patent Ollice on the 16th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
BOOTH, JOHN BOOTH, and JEREMIAH BOOTH, all of Rodley, near Leeds, in
the County of York, Engineers and Millwrights, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Joseph Booth, John Booth, and Jeremiah Booth, Her
special licence that we, the said Joseph Booth, John Booth, and Jeremiah
Booth, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Joseph Booth, John Booth, and Jeremiah Booth, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others.
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, au Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARAtus
FOR EFFECTING THE CUTTING OR DRESSING OF STONE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Joseph Booth, John Bouth, and Jeremiah Booth,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Booth, on behalf of myself
and the said John Booth and Jeremiah Booth, do hereby declare the nature
of said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the operations of cutting and
diessing stone.
In carrying out the Invention the cutting or dressing tools are formed by
preference with stems to pass into sockets of lever holders, and these stems
have each a thread to receive a nut by which the tool is retained in position.
Keys or wedges may however be used in place of the screw adjustment, and
the keys or wedges may have spring ends to pass into teeth provided for
them on the tool, and thereby hold them in position. Each tool may bo
applied to a separate lever, or there may be several tools to each lever, and
the levers are used in series arranged side by side, and they are operated by
tappets or cams, which may be adjustable to raise all the levers of a series at
the same or at different times, so that the action of the tools carried by them
may be simultaneous or in succession. Adjustable stops are applied to
regulate depth of cut. The parts of the levers acted upon by the cams or
tappets may also be moveable, and the tappet shaft may be applied between
the cutters and the axis of motion of the series of levers. The axis of motion
of the series of levers and the bar carrying the stops are carried by frames
moveable on the parts carrying the axes of the tappets, and are actuated by
screw gear or otherwise to give facility for adjusting the angle of cut. The
bearings of the axis of the tappets are also capable of being shifted to regulate
the blow. Springs or weights may also be used to aid or control the force
desired to be imparted to the tools. All of a series of tools working together
may be of the same or of different kinds. The cutter bead or frame carrying
the cutter levers and parts actiug thereon may be adjusted by screw or other
suitable motion. The stone to be cut or dressed is affixed by clamping or
otherwise to a traversing table capable of traversing on pulleys or rollers by a
progressive motion during the cutting, and at the end of a traverso the table
may be shifted by a crane or by turntables or other carriages to and from
another traverse to again como into position to be further operated upon if
necessary, or for a readjustment of another stone to be similarly operated

page_text: upon, or the table carrying the stone to be cut or dressed may travel in a
circle. Any of the levers carrying the cutting tools may be held ont of work
when desired. Several series of cutters and cutter levers in frames may be
applied to act in succession. In squaring or trimining the edges of stone
several may be placed side by side and operated together, such stones being
held upon a table capable of being varied in its height and of traversing when
desired. The cutting head carrying the axis of the levers with the tappet
shaft and supports for stops may be supported in a frame from above, and be
capable of longitudinal and transverse motion to facilitate the cutting of large
blocks, whilst the frame carrying the stone may have motion given to it in
different directions.
"6
For cutting or dressing the edges of slabs of stone, commonly called
drafting," and the like, we apply cutters in levers to work at angles to the
stone, and by preference four or more at a time, that is, one, or there may be
more than one, to each side working simultaneously, wl.ilst the carriages of
these levers traverse on a rectangular or other frame, each part of which is
capable of movement to adapt the cutting to the size of the stone for the time
under operation by means of right and left hand screws or by other means.
Chains, bands, or shafts give motion to the tappet shafts. The tools may be
held in sockets hinged to tho carrying levers to admit of the point of the
cutter travelling with the stone after a cut without injury to the tool, whilst a
spring returns the cutters to the working position. By these means the stone
may be first operated upon or drafted round at the edges in one machine or
by one set of tools previous to its being worked on the general surface, by
which facility is afforded in the working of the stone.
But that the Invention may be fully understood we will by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings preceed to describe means pursued by us in carrying
the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a side view partly in section; Figure 2, a plan view also
partly in section; Figure 3, a transverse section, and Figure 4 an end view
of apparatus arranged according to one part of our improvements; Figures 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 19, show various methods by which the cutting tools may
be held in position in their sockets or lever holders. In ench of these views
5 the same letters are employed to indicate corresponding parts wherever they
occur.
a, a, shows the main framing; b, the main or driving shaft, which has

page_text: motion given to it by a steam engine or other suitable power. This shaft b
is supported so as to be capable of revolving freely in bearings a', and it
has affixed on it bevilled pinions b', the teeth of which take into the teeth
of pinion callixed on the upright shafts c, the lower ends of which aro
supported in steps formed for them in the upper parts of the bearings a'. The
upper ends of these upright shafts c pass through and are steadied by
brackets from hearings f; these brackets also carry the bosses of the
pinion wheels 13, which take into the teeth of the wheels f" affixed on the
shaft or axis to give motion to that axis. The shafts c are formed with
tins to slido freely in the bosses of the wheels f, and yet cause the rotation
of those wheels, whilst the brackets are free to move with the bearings f'
in the frames d. Parts of three of these frames d are shown by the Drawings,
that at (1), (1), in Figures 1 and 2, being an external side and plan view
thereof with the parts carried thereby; that at (2) being in section, whilst at
(3) in the side view one of the end frames d alone is shown, and in the plan
view, Figure 2, the parts of this frame are altogether removed, and the
brackets or projections as to which those frames are aflixed are alone shown.
Each frame d is capable of sliding between the projections a³ of the brackets a
and of being held in position as required by bolts or set screws d', or the
parts a may be V-formed with an adjustable plate to facilitate the vertical
motion and adjustment of these plates d. As shown, the vertical motion is
obtained to these plates d by means of the spindles d³, the upper ends of which
are aflixed to lugs at formed on or affixed to the side framing a, whilst the lower
ends are formed with screw threads and pass through correspondingly threaded
bosses formed upon pinions d³, which are supported so as to be capable of
revolving freely in bearings formed for them and carried by the side plates d.
The teeth of these pinions are taken into by the teeth of worm wheels d'
aflixed on cross shafts d³, which are supported in bearings carried by tho
frames d; these cross shafts d' are turned as desired by a key passed into one
of their square ends, or by band wheels or otherwise; but this means of
giving vertical motion to the frames d may be varied. These sido plates or
frames & are vach formed with concentric rings or projections d³, d³, which
receive parts of other frames e, and act as guides to admit of these frames
being freely moved on the plates d in a circular direction. The frames e carry
each an axis f, upon which turn the series of cutter levers f, each of which
carries a cutter g. These frames e also carry a series of adjustable stops ƒ³, which
are shown formed inclined on their upper surfaces, but this form may be varied,
and they are capable of sliding in the parts formed to receive them when

page_text: actuated by set screws f³. The levers f¹ are each formed with projections f*,
or other suitable surfaces adapted to be acted upon by cams or tappets ƒ³
applied to a shaft fo, which is supported in bearings f", which are guided so
as to be capable of movement in the slotted openings & formed for them in
the plates d, and these bearings f' are supported on the upper ends of screw
shafts f, which are supported so as to be capable of freely revolving in
bearings de affixed to the plates d; and these shafts ƒ have affixed to them
worm pinions f, which are capable of being caused to rotate or partially
so by means of screws f applied to shafts f", which are supported in bearings
also carried by the frames d, and which are capable of being actuated by
handle wheels, keys, or such like means, when required. The ends of each
shaftf pass not only through holes as bearings formed for them in the side
plates of its frame e, but also through the slotted openings d formed for it in
the side plates or frames d; and when all the parts are set as desired for work
the nuts on each end of each shaft f, by being tightened, draw the plates
of the frames d and e tightly together. As shown, the tappets f' act on the
levers in succession, but they may be arranged to operate together or in
such order as desired by turning the tappets partly round to the position
desired on their shaft fo, and then fixing them in such position. The parts
of the levers acted upon by the tappets may, by set screws or otherwise, be
moveable to facilitate adjustment of any of a series of levers to the cut intended.
Springs or weights may be applied to act on the levers f¹ on either side of the
nxis of motion f to aid or control the force desired to be imparted to the tools.
The frames e may be actuated to move on the surfaces of the frames d by
means of screw threads e, acting in teeth formed for them on the segmental
surfaces do of the plates d, such screw wheels being supported by these axes
between bearings e carried by the frames e, and having bevilled pinions e* on
their axes, the teeth of which are taken into by the teeth of bevilled pinions 6*
on the cross shaft e, which is capable of being caused to rotate or partially so
to the extent desired by a key or handle wheel, or other suitable means.
Each block of stone h to be operated upon is supported upon and affixed by
clamping to a travelling frame or table i, which is supported to travel on
rollers a carried by the main framing a, and these tables are guided in their
traverse by projections therefrom bearing against the inner surfaces of the
frane a. Motion is given to the tables 2 by means of toothed wheels i", the teeth
of which take into the teeth of racks on the under side of these tables.
toothed wheels are applied to axes, which are supported to turn in suitable
bearings formed for them in the main framing, and which have also affixed on
The

page_text: them tooth wheels, the teeth of which are taken into by the scrow wheels i
affixed on the shaft or axis i, upon which is also aflixed a ratchet wheel 7,
the teeth of which are taken into by a double-ended click or driver i
carried by one end of the L-lever 2, which turns on the shaft or axis º, and
at its other end is connected to one end of the connecting rod 0, the other
end of which is connected to one end of the lever " which is capable of turning
on a fixed stud ¹, and at its other end carries a truck or bowl 23, which
passes into and is actuated by the cam course i formed in the wheel it, so as
thereby to impart an intermittent motion to the click i progressively to move
the wheel, and the object of the click or driver being formed double ended
is, that it may be turned either way to cause the wheel, and consequently
the table i to move in either direction. At the end of a traverse, in place of
returning in the opposite direction, the tables may be shifted by a crane or by
turntables or other carriages to and from another traverse to again come into
position to be further operated upon.
Figure 5 shows a portion of the end of one of the sockets or lever holders f
with a cutting tool therein arranged to be held in its socket by the set
screws y¹.
Figures 6 and 7 show two modifications in which tho cutting tools 9 are
held in the lever arms by means of simple wedges g³.
Figures 8 and 9 show arrangements in which the wedge, used to retain
the cutting tool in position is formed with a spring outer end to pass into
teeth formed on the side of the cutting tool, and these teeth are formed on
each side of the cutting tools, so as to admit of the tools being turned round
and used on either side.
Figure 10 shows a modification of this last in which the teeth in place of being
formed on the cutting tool are formed on a separate piece 9' which is placed
by the side of and so as to hear against the sido of the cutting tool, and which
is retained in position for sliding out by a projection g³ thereon resting ou
the end of the tool 9; all of a series of tools may be of the same or of different
kinds.
Figure 11 shows by a plan view partly in section, and Figure 12 by a side
view partly in section, parts of apparatus in which the table i for carrying tho
stone to be dressed is caused to travel in a circle, but as the arrangement of
the parts is otherwise very similar to that already described we have not
thought it necessary to enter into detail with it. The radial lines indicate
positions where frames d and e supported clear from above or to the bed may
be applied with tools to work in succession on the stones as they are brought

page_text: forward by the table i. The table i is moved by pinions taking into the teeth
of a rack applied to the under side of the table i, such pinions being applied
to axes which are capable of revolving in fixed bearings a and have applied
to them bevilled pinions 10, the teeth of which are taken into so as to be
simultaneously moved by a bevilled pinion affixed on the shaft's which
receives rotary motion from a steam engine or other suitable power. By the
use of a table moving in a circle the stones under operation successively come
fresh into operation. For the purpose of trimming the edges of a series
of stones several may be laid side by side and by preference clamped together
upon a table capable of being varied in its height by means of screws, or rack
motion, or otherwise, and of traversing when desired. When desired the
cutting head carrying the axis of the levers f¹ with the tappet shaft and
supports for adjustable stops may be supported from above in a frame and
be capable of longitudinal and transverse motion to facilitate the cutting of
large blocks, whilst the frame carrying the stone may have motion given to it
in different directions.
An arrangement according to the improvement is shown by side view at
Figure 13; plan view Figure 14; sectional end view Figure 15, and separate
sectional view of parts Figure 15*. In this arrangement the frames d, d,
are aflixed to the circular plate k, which is formed with teeth on its edge
taken into by the worm wheel which is capable of sliding on and yet of
revolving with the shaft or axis k which is supported so as to revolve in
bearings from the framing n and motion may be given to this shaft or axis k³
to cause the partial rotation of the wheel k', and consequently of the parts
carrying the cutter by a winch handle or other means. The plate kis
supported to revolve on the plate l, and the plate l is formed with V, I, I, to
retain it and admit of its motion in corresponding V" in the frame m, and
in order that the wheel may follow the plate so as to be continually in
gear with the teeth of the plate &, there are lugs 1, projecting from the plate 1,
between which the wheel k is controlled to move. Variations in the height
of the heads d are effected by means of screw shafts d³, which are connected
to lugs on the frames m and are actuated by threads in the bosses of the
wheel. The frames m are capable of sliding freely between guides n³ on
the framing n, or the frame m may be supported so as to be capable of vertical
movement on another frame capable of horizontal motion in the frame n.
The axis f is actuated from the shaft b by a bevel wheel o thereon taking
into a bevel wheel o affixed on the shaft o, the upper end of which is
supported and guided in its motion by the bearing 03, whilst the lower end of

page_text: it is supported in a bearing carried by the frame 1. Upon the shaft of is also
allixed the bevilled pinion of, the teeth of which take into the teeth of a
bevilled pinion o affixed on the shaft or axis of which is supported so as to
be capable of revolving in hearings o7, o, carried by the wheel k and one
of the frames d, and which has affixed on it the bevilled pinion of, the teeth
of which take into the teeth of the bevilled pinion o' affixed on the shaft c,
which is at its upper end supported by the bracket o" affixed to one of the
plates d and towards its opposite end by the bracket affixed to one of the
benrings f; on this shaft c is affixed the bevilled pinion, the teeth of
which take into the teeth of a bevilled pinion f" on the shaft or axis f, and
in order that the wheel o' may remain in gear with the wheel o notwithstanding
variations which may be made in the height of the parts d, k, l, and m, in
relation to the shaft b, the bearing o which carries the boss of the wheel o
is supported by the screws o" which are geared together by the wheels os,
and to one of which is affixed a pinion which is actuated by the worm
wheel o" on the axis os. The worm wheel o" and the bracket o aro con-
trolled to follow the transverse motion of the plate by means of horns
standing up from the plate. The traverse motion of the plate and parts
carried thereby is effected by means of the shaft which is formed with
a screw to move in a nut carried by the plate l, rotary motion being given to
that shaft in either direction by means of the cam or tappet l on the shaft b
actuating the bowl of the lever l' which is capable of moving on the fixed
stud, and by means of the connecting rod is connected to one end of the
lever which is capable of turning loosely on one end of the shaft 1. The
other end of the lever 10 carries a double-ended click or driver, the teeth of
which may take into the teeth of the wheel aflixed on the shaft 1. Tho
plates carrying the frames d may turn on the axle c in place of on the
axle of when the wheel o' would be placed on the shaft c and the intermediato
gear will be dispensed with.
Figure 16 shows a plan view, Figure 17 a side view, and Figure 18 an end
view of apparatus arranged for effecting what is commonly called "drafting "
in the cutting or dressing of stone. Supposing there to be four cutters in
operation, cach cutter g would be supported in a lever arm f' from an axis f
carried by a frame e, and these lever arms are operated by tappets applied to
a shaft f which has motion given to it by means of a chain, indicated by the
red line p, taking into the teeth of a wheel p' affixed on the axis f. Each
frame e is supported to travel on V-guides q, q, and the progressive motion is
given to each by means of the pin in the crank r from the axis fact ng

page_text: through the connecting rod r² on one end of the lever which turns upon
the axis r, and at its other end carries a click or driver, the teeth of which.
take into the teeth of the wheel aflixed on the axle r, and having a tooth
wheel applied to it, the teeth of which take into the teeth of racks on the
frames 9; 8, 8, are right and left hand screw shafts by which the distance
apart of the respective pairs of rails 7, 7, may be regulated. The respective
rails 9, 9, are supported by means of screws in the uprights t, t, and variations
in the height of the rails q. q. are obtained by giving motion to those screws
in the direction desired. To facilitate such motion these screws are provided
with pinions which are connected together so as to be simultaneously operated
as shown. In place of the chain p and wheel p¹ shafts and pinions may be
adopted. The cutter represented in Figures 16, 17, and 18 is shown acting
in a direction parallel to the side of the apparatus, but it may with other of
the series be inclined thereto or bave inclined sides and the parts e may be
adjustable in frames d as described in respect of Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 19 shows an arrangement by which the cutting tool is beld in a
socket f* which is connected to the lever arm f¹ by a hinge joint u and acted
upon by a spring u¹ to admit of the point of the cutter travelling with the
stone after a cut without injury to the tool, the spring acting to return the
tool to the working position. The various tables for supporting the stone
under operation in the different arrangements may bave the progressive motion
given to them by screw if desired.
Having thus described our Invention, and means which we adopt in carrying
the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise arrangements or combinations of parts as shown, as
the same may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of our
Invention; but what we claim is,-
First. The arranging or combining parts forming apparatus operating for
the purpose of effecting the cutting or dressing of stone; substantially as
explained in respect of Figures 1 to 10, and Figure 19.
Also we claim the arranging and combining parts for effecting the cutting
or dressing of stone whereby a series of levers or cutter holders are capable
of independent action.
Secondly. We claim the arranging or combining parts whereby the stone
to be cut or dressed may travel in a circle or round a common centre of
motion, in manner substantially as described in respect of Figures 11 and 12.
Thirdly. We claim the arranging or combining apparatus for cutting or
dressing stone whereby the cutting bead carrying the axis of the levers with

page_text: the tappet shaft and supports for stops is supported in a frame from above
and is capable of motion in various directions so as to facilitate the cutting of
blocks of large sizes, substantially as described in respect of Figures 13, 14,
and 15.
Fourthly. We claim the arranging or combining parts forming apparatus
particularly adapted to effecting that part of the operation of cutting or
dressing stono called "drafting," substantially as described in respect of
Figures 16, 17, and 18.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Booth, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
LOSED DOOTH