IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Uriah Scott, of 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square,
in. the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
A
* IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF RAILWAY
AND OTHER
CARRIAGES.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Uriah Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1875.
I,, URIAH SCOTT,, of. 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in various parts of railway, and other carriages.
consist of,-
1st. The employment of india-rubber combined with iron or other
metal to prevent or lessen the vibration between the bodies and' under
frames of railway and other carriages, and the application of the same

page_text: to break blocks, to bearing springs, to axles, and to seats of such carriages
to prevent shocks, and make them more elastic than at present.
:-
In making body and other bearing springs I adopt the following
methods I make these bearing springs of any desired form required
for the above purposes, and place india-rubber between two plates of
metal, and making the metal plates adhere to the india-rubber by the
process of vulcanization or of cementation, as is now practised. In lieu
of the india-rubber being solid between the metal plates I displace a
portion of it so that it will form a hollow space or spaces to contain air,
so that anything compressing the two metal plates will compress the air
and india-rubber at the same time. The two metal plates are made to
adhere to the india-rubber by the process of vulcanization or cementa-
tion, as before.
In lieu of making the metal plates adhere to the india-rubber by the
process of vulcanization or cementation I form metal plates and insert
them in the india-rubber, with holes made in it to receive them. These
metal plates are to have holes made in them, so that the isolating blocks
can be fixed between the body and under frame of a railway or other
carriage, or to the breaks, or to the seats, or any other part of a carriage
which it may be required to give ease to. These blocks can also be
made with spaces to contain air without the metal.
The breaks that these india-rubber blocks can be applied to are made
as follows: A lever is fitted to the axle box of a railway carriage so as
to rise and fall with the action of the springs; this end of the lever is to
be pin jointed. This lever is to have break blocks fitted to it, or in
grooves, or similar means as now used to fix break blocks. In common
road carriages the lever is to be pin jointed to the axle or shaft, and is
also to be fitted with a break block. These break blocks can be applied
to any kind of break that requires a block. I also make these blocks,
or bearings, or body, or other springs with india-rubber and metal cases
or brackets, so that the body of the carriage will be suspended, instead
of bearing on the framing. I also use spiral and other metal springs in
making elastic break blocks with or without india-rubber in combina-
tion, and these air cushions made of india-rubber, with or without metal
plates, can be also applied to act as draw springs to railway carriages
and to carriages on common roads.

page_text: 2nd. These springs can also be made with spiral and other shaped
metal springs, to be applied to the raising and lowering of the movable
heads of carriages and railway trucks, and the making of the movable
parts of such carriages to work with more ease than at present. I use
levers and rods connected with springs to the framing of the carriage or
truck and other movable parts, as the cantrails or pillar and hoop-
sticks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Uriah Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 10th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH
SCOTT, of 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Uriah Scott,
Her special licence that I, the said Uriah Scott, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Uriah
Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Uriah
Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Uriah Scott, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: !
following statement:-
My improvements in various parts of railway and other carriages
consist of,
..
• 1st. The employment of india-rubber combined with iron or other
metal to prevent or lessen the vibration between the bodies and under
frames of railway and other carriages, and the application of the same
to break blocks, to bearing springs, to axles, and to seats of such
carriages, to prevent shocks, and make them more elastic than at
present.
:-
In making body and other bearing springs I adopt the following
methods I make these bearing springs of any desired form required
for the above purposes, and place india-rubber between two plates of
metal, and making the metal plates adhere to the india-rubber by the
process of vulcanization or of cementation, as is now practised. In lieu
of the india-rubber being solid between the metal plates I displace a
portion of it, so that it will form a hollow space or spaces to contain air,
so that anything compressing the two metal plates will compress the.
air and india-rubber at the same time. The two metal plates are made
to adhere to the india-rubber by the process of vulcanization or cemen-
tation, as above described.
In lieu of making the metal plates adhere to the india-rubber by the
process of vulcanization, or cementation I form metal plates and insert
them in the india-rubber with holes made in it to receive them. These
metal plates are to have holes made in them, so that the isolating
blocks can be fixed between the body and under frame of a railway or
other carriage, or to the breaks, or to the seats, or any other part of a
carriage which it may be required to give ease to. These blocks can
also be made with spaces to contain air without the metal.,
3.
The breaks that tliese india-rubber blocks can be applied to are made
as follows: A lever is fitted to the axle box of a railway carriage so as
to rise and fall with the action of the springs; this end of the lever is
to be pin jointed. This lever is to have break blocks fitted to it, or in
grooves, or similar means, as now used to fix break blocks. In common
road carriages the lever is to be pin jointed to the axle shaft, and is also a
to be fitted with a break. block.... These break blocks can be applied to

page_text: any kind of break that requires a block. I also make these blocks or
bearings for body or other springs with india-rubber and with metal
cases or brackets, so that the body of the carriage will be suspended
instead of bearing on the framing. I also use spiral and other metal
springs in making elastic break blocks with or without india-rubber in
combination, and these air cushions made of india-rubber, with or
without metal plates, can be also applied to act as draw springs to.
railway carriages and to carriages on common roads.
2ndly. These springs can also be made with spiral and other shaped
metal springs, to be applied to the raising and lowering of the movable
heads of carriages and railway trucks, and the making of the movable
parts of such carriages to work with more ease than at présent. I use,
levers and rods connected with springs to the framing of the carriage
or truck and the other movable parts, as the cantrails or pillar and
hoop sticks.
To make my Invention clear I insert Drawings, in which,-
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet No. 1, show my methods of forming india-
rubber blocks, as described above. In Figs. 1 and 2 I is the india-
rubber; A, the air space; and H, a bolt hole to secure the india-rubber
by, Fig. 1 being a vertical section, and Fig. 2 à plan, the dotted lines.
showing the thickness of the india-rubber. In Figs. 3 and 4 I is tlie
india-rubber; P, P, two metal plates cemented to the india-rubber I;
H, H, bolt holes to secure the block A; A, an air space. These blocks
can be made of any desired shape.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 show some applications to a railway carriage of the
block with enclosed air space or spaces, in which Figs. the body of
carriage is shown suspended on the india-rubber blocks instead of being
supported in the manner as shown in George Attock's Patent, No. 2145,
dated 31st of August 1863. The effect of any lateral shock given to the
, wheel on a carriage body so supported is very much lessened. This is
particularly the case where, the body is hung in the manner shown by
Fig: 9.
In the Fig. U is a part of the. under frame, and B part of the
framing of a carriage body, the body resting by means of the casting C
and plate P on the hollow or solid india-rubber block E, the block E in
its turn being supported by the rod L, said rod being supported by the
bracket A fastened to a part of the under frame U. The body of the.
± carriage is supported at convenient intervals on the under frame by the

page_text: above-mentioned arrangement, the rods on the opposite sides of the
carriage being inclined in reverse directions, or they may be placed
vertically.
0
In Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13, instead of using the hollow or other
blocks E, shown in Fig. 9, the pins P, P, pass through bushes B, B, 5
of india-rubber, which bushes isolate the body from the under frame,
although in a less perfect manner than the method shown by Fig. 9.
Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 show some applications of my
Invention to break blocks. In Fig. 14 A. is a section of an india-rubber
block, with an air space as described above; Fig. 15 is a front view of 1
same; C, the wearing surface of the block of wood, metal, or other
suitable material; B, the break hanger.
In the method shown in Figs. 16 and 17 the india-rubber projects
through the wearing surface, as shown.
Figs. 18 and 19 show another method of inserting india-rubber in a 1
break block, which method is clearly shown in the Drawing in Figs. 18
and 19. Similar parts are lettered the same.
Fig. 20 shows a plan of fitting breaks to common road carriages; (a)
the axle; (6) the clip; (c) the lever; (d) the wheel; (e) break block.
In railway and tram cars the clip (c) is to be fitted to the axle box.
Fig. 21 shows a break block composed wholly of india-rubber, which
break block is suitable for common road carriages. In the Fig., which
is a vertical section, I is india-rubber.
2
Fig. 22 shows a method of fitting up various parts of carriages with
the air cushions of india-rubber. a, a, air cushions; b, b, metal plates 2
inserted in the india-rubber blocks; c, c, the framing.
Fig. 23 shows a plan of useing these india-rubber air cushions for
horses to draw from. a, air cushion; b, fitting for shafts and traces.
Figs. 24 and 25 show two methods of useing springs and levers to
raise and lower carriage heads. a, spiral spring; b, screw shaft; c, 3
bracket; d, end of outside joint, showing how it is fitted to shaft b;
e, shaft; f, lever to fix to the cantrail, and the other end passing
through the shaft e; g, bracket; h, outside joint with a spiral spring
attached to assist in lifting the head. I, india-rubber spring with
dividing plates.
8

page_text: Fig. 26 is a movable carriage head showing the use of an india-
rubber or steel spring. a, air cushion; b, lever; c, steel spring.
Fig. 27 is a method of making a framing for a carriage head to receive
the covering and folding it up so as to shorten the slats if required. a;
pillar; b, spiral spring and rod; c, c, two india-rubber springs; d,
slotted lever, one end fitted to cantrail, and the other end working on
stud at back of pillar; e, e, two slats; ff, two levers, one dotted to
show it can be used at the pillar in lieu of being fixed to spring rod.
Fig. 28 is a movable head for carriages showing how to raise the cant
rail and pillar with the use of india-rubber and steel springs. a, pillar;
b, lever, one end fixed to bottom of pillar, and the other end working
up a socket in bracket at the back of the pillar; c, c, c, levers; d, d, d,
india-rubber and spiral springs.
Fig. 29 is also a method of turning the cantrail over and lowering
the pillar by springs and levers. a, a, a, a, india-rubber or steel springs;
b, bracket; c, c, c, levers to act with the springs.
Fig. 30 is a part of a pillar of a carriage. a, pillar; b, slotted lever,
one end fitted to cantrail, and the slotted part working freely on stud
on the end of bracket c; d, a socket pinned to revolve freely at the end
of spring rod, so that when the rod is raised by the lowering of the
pillar the socket d will travel up the lever 6, and raise the cantrail at
the same time; e, e, two slats.
Fig. 31 is a plan for the same, and also Fig. 32 for raising and
lowering the pillars and cant rails of carriages with levers and springs.
a, a, slotted levers; b, b, bracket; c, c, springs; d, d, studs to work up
the slotted levers to turn the cantrail over.
Fig. 33 is a method of folding heads of carriages. a, a, a, framing to
receive the covering; b, spring rod; c, c, two levers, one fitted to spring
rod, and a dotted one fixed to bottom of pillar, one only to be used; d, d,
two methods of using springs, but any of the others shown can be used
if desired instead.
Figs. 34 and 35 are two locks to keep the heads of carriages up when
outside joints are not used; these locks can be applied to any of the
above plans when outside joints are not used. a, a, bolts to fit in spring
rods, and in these bolts are inserted springs; b, b, brackets; c, c, spring

page_text: rods; d, d, handles to withdraw bolts, a, a, from spring rods c, c.
These locks can be used also for the carriage doors.
· · Figs. 36, 37, and 38 show different methods of shortening the slats to
allow them to fall within the length of the pillar if required. a, a, part
of framing for the roof of carriage; b, joint; c, slat; d, handle to strike
joint, which may be between lining and outside covering, e,e,.e, showing
this plan when down; f,f,f, slats or levers; g, steel spring; i lever; h,
india-rubber spring; in Fig. 38 is acted upon by a rod, one end being
fixed to bottom of pillar A, and the other end fixed to movable lever B;
c, c, slats; b, bracket; e, spring.
:
Figs. 39 and 40 are also two plans for carriages without joints out-
side. An inside handle can be used to these plans, and any of the
methods shown in the other Drawings can be. used: to raise and. lower
them, and only one of the springs need be used for each quarter of a
'carriage, and each quarter to be fitted similar.
Fig. 41 is a plan for joints, or without them. a, bracket; b, movable
lever; c, rod, one end fixed to lever b, and the other to bottom of
pillar.
Wood, metal, or similar material can be used to face the india-rubber
break blocks with, and indents can be made in these metal or other
wearing surfaces, to insert india-rubber..
In witness whereof, I, the said Uriah Scott, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.