IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fowler, of Waterford, Ireland, Gentleman, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES."
-A communication from abroad by Warren Rowell, of New York, in
Sealed the 3rd July 1860, and dated the 6th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fowler, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th January 1860.
I, JOHN FOWLER, of Waterford, Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS POR DOORS AND
OTHER PURPOSES," communicated to me from abroad by Warren Rowell, of
New York, in the United States of America, Dentist, to be as follows:-
The improvements have for their object the construction of locks so as to
obtain greater security. For this purpose they are formed to admit of the key
at opposite sides, though at different parts of the locks, so that the opening for
the key on the one side is not opposite that on the other, and when locked by the
key being introduced on the one side the key must act from the same side to
unlock it, and the key when in the lock on one side is not accessible from the
other side.

page_text: According to one arrangement the key acts upon the tumbler or tumblers
and bolt on the one side, (say the outside), as in ordinary locks, but when
locked from the opposite side (say the inside), the key cannot be removed
from the lock without the bolt being withdrawn or unlocking. In order to do
this the tumbler or tumblers are formed each with a hooked piece which takes
onto the key to prevent its going fully round upon the bolt being thrown, and
also to hold the key in position to prevent the tumbler or tumblers being
raised to admit of the bolt going back by the introduction of a key or other
instrument on the opposite side.
According to another arrangement, the key may be withdrawn from either
side, though the bolt must be brought back, that is to say, unlocked by the key
being put in at the same side by which locking was effected. In this case an
extra internal sliding piece or bolt (aided by a spring or springs) with or
without an extra tumbler or extra tumblers is employed for the key to act
upon on one side such extra bolt acting as a stop to prevent the key acting to
unlock except when the key is inserted for that purpose on the side by which
locking was effected. The internal bolt moves farther than the external one
by the one motion of the key.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Fowler in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FOWLER, of Waterford, Ireland, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto-
me, the said John Fowler, Her special licence that I, the said John
Fowler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Fowler, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCKS FOR DOORS AND OTHER PURPOSES," communicated to me from abroad
by Warren Rowell, of New York, in the United States of America,

page_text: Dentist, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Fowler, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fowler, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements have for their object the construction of locks so as to
obtain greater security. For this purpose they are formed to admit of the key
at opposite sides though at different parts of the lock so that the opening for
the key on the one side is not opposite that on the other, and when locked by
the key being introduced on the one side the key must act from the same
sido to unlock it, and the key when in the lock on one side is not accessible
from the other side.
According to one arrangement the key acts upon the tumbler or tumblers
and bolt on the one side, (say the outside) as in ordinary locks, but when locked
from the opposite side, (say the inside), the key cannot be removed from the
lock without the bolt being withdrawn or unlocking. In order to do this the
tumbler or tumblers are formed each with a hooked piece which takes on to
the key to prevent its going fully round, upon the bolt being thrown, and also.
to hold the key in position to prevent the tumbler or tumblers being raised to
admit of the bolt going back by the introduction of a key or other instrument
on the opposite side.
According to another arrangement the key may be withdrawn from either
side, though the bolt must be brought back, that is to say, unlocked by the
key being put in at the same side by which locking was effected. In this
case an extra internal sliding piece or bolt (aided by a spring or springs) with
or without an extra tumbler or extra tumblers is employed for the key to act
upon on one side, such extra bolt acting as a stop to prevent the key acting to
unlock except when the key is inserted for that purpose on the side by which
locking was effected. The internal bolt moves farther than the external one.
by the one motion of the key.
But that the nature of the Invention as communicated to me may be fully
understood, I will proceed to describe the Drawing annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows an inside view of one arrangement of lock according to the
improvements; Figures 2 and 3 show the bolt and a tumbler separately.
a, a, is the framing of the lock, the inner plate of which is supposed removed;
b, the bolt; and c, a tumbler; and c', a spring by which to keep the same
pressed down as is well understood, and I would here remark that I have only
thought it necessary in order to explain the Invention to shew one tumbler,
but other number may be employed if desired; d is the key hole, by which the
key may be introduced from one, say the outside of the door, to which such
lock is applied for tho purpose of locking or unlocking it by the throwing of
the bolt b, and when a suitable key is applied through this opening d to throw
or lock the bolt 6 the tumbler c will be raised so as to admit of the projection
c thereon passing over the stop a' of the lock frame, and at the same time to
throw the bolt 6, as is well understood and indicated by Figure 4, and the bolt
having been thrown, or a locking having taken place, the key may be withdrawn,
but must be introduced again by the same hole d, for unlocking. When it is
desired to throw the bolt b, by means of a key acting from the opposite or
inside of the door or other place to which such lock is applied, then the key
will be introduced with its centre of motion at e, when in turning the key in
the direction of the arrow the tumbler c will be lifted as before and the bolt
thrown, but the key will be prevented passing the projection c³ on the tumbler
c, and the bolt must be drawn back by the key before the key can be
withdrawn from this side of the lock and whilst the key remains in on this
side (say inside) of the lock, with the bolt thrown a key acting from the
opposite side cannot act to withdraw the bolt or effect an unlocking.
Figure 5 shows the inside view of another arrangement of lock adapted for
the key to act on either side, and Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 show the parts
separately. In this case a is the case; b,.the bolt; c, a tumbler, of which
there may be several, and supposing the key to be passed from one side by the
hole d, as before, the tumbler c, and bolt b, will be acted upon simply as in the
former illustration and as in an ordinary lock as indicated by Figure 11, but
when the key is introduced from the opposite side so that its centre of motion
is at c, the tumbler f, carried by the bolt g, will first be raised to admit of
the projection f, on the tumbler f, passing the stop a³, of the frame when the
bolt g will be slided, the tumbler c raised, and the bolt 6 thrown, and the key
may then be withdrawn, but the stop g¹ on the bolt g will prevent the tumbler
c being raised or the bolt 6 being thrust back or withdrawn by the key being
introduced or otherwise acting to unlock except by the opening e, as indicated

page_text: by Figure 12, and when the key is introduced by the opening e, and it is
turned in the opposite direction, the tumbler f will be again lifted to admit of
the bolt g going back, and thus allowing of the withdrawal of the bolt b. In
each case it will be seen there is a partition a³, which divides the lock into
separate compartments, and prevents the key in one compartment being acted
upon through the keyhole of the other.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the means
adopted in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I
do not confine myself to the precise details shown so long as the peculiar
character of the Invention be retained substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fowler, bave hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
5 Witness,
M. H. R. DELANDRE,
Waterloo,
Waterford.
JOHN FOWLER. (L.S.)