CERTAIN IMPROVE- MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith, of Bolton-le-
Moors, in the County of Lancaster, and James Newhouse, of the
same place, Overlooker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
ST
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Rothwell
Arrowsmith and James Newhouse at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd September
1853.
We, PETER ROTHWELL ARROWSMITH, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, & JAMES NEWHOUSE, of the same place, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING" to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in a new combination of parts, particularly
applicable to hand mules, for retarding the momentum of the driving
wheel, and for performing the backing off, that is to say, unwinding the
yarn which is coiled round the bare part of the spindle previous to the
running in of the carriage; these operations are effected by means of

page_text: a reversing strap passing over a pulley at the end of the headstock;
this s strap runs on a loose pulley during the going out of the carriage
and during the spinning, but as soon as the driving strap is moved on
to the loose pulley the reversing strap is moved partly on to a pulley
fixed to a groove pulley over which the rim band passes, and as the
reversing strap runs in the contrary direction to the rim band it is
evident that the momentum of the driving wheel and of the spindles
is checked, and the backing off' performed by the said reversing strap.
This strap is moved from its loose pulley to the pulley which checks
the rim band by a system of levers and catches set in motion by a
finger on the cam shaft and by the putting up of the carriage. By this
means the labour of the person attending the machine is reduced, less
time is required to perform a stretch, and the yarn is more equally
twisted than in the ordinary-mode of construction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith and James Newhouse
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st March 1854. .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
PETER ROTHWELL ARROWSMITH, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, and JAMES NEWHOUSE, of the same place, Overlooker, send
greeting:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give' and grant unto us, the said Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith
and James Newhouse, Her special licence that we, the said Peter
Rothwell Arrowsmith and James Newhouse, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Rothwell' Arrow-
smith and James Newhouse, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any timo agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United

page_text: Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, au Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith and James Newhouse, by..an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of either of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature,
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the.
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith
and James Newhouse, lo hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-,
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is
to say).:
:.
Our Invention consists in new combinations of parts particularly
applicable to hand mules for performing what is technically called the
"backing off motion," or unwinding the yarn that is coiled round the
bare part of the spindle previous to the running in of the carriage.
the said combinations being partly applicable to self-acting mules and
to machines for doubling.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we will
proceed to describe the manner of performing the same.
:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of a hand mule, shewing one mode of
applying our improvements; Figure 2, is a front view; and Figure 3,
a plan of part of the same. a, is part of the framing; b, the drawing
rollers; c, the mule carriage; and d, the spindles; e; is the rim band
shaft; ', the rim band; e, the rim; and e, the rim band pulley;
f, is a shaft on which are fitted the band pulleys f', and f. All these
parts are made in the usual manner, except that the pulley f¹, is loose,
& the pulley f, is fast, instead of the reverse, as is now customary.
Upon the shaft f, is fixed the backing off pulley f; this pulley receives
motion from the strap f, which is constantly moving in the direction

page_text: of the arrow in Figure 1, being driven by a pulley on the main shaft,
which is not shewn in the Drawing. f, is a loose pulley; and f", is
another pulley also loose on the shaft f, but fast to the band pulley f'..
The strap f, is guided by the fork g, which is fixed to the bar g';
this bar is moved in the direction of the arrow in Figure 2, by the
finger h, fixed to the end of the cam shaft h³, and by the elbow
lever.i, which is acted upon by the link , and gearing rod. The
bar g', is drawn back in the contrary direction by the spring g', one
end of which is fixed to the frame side, and the other end to a stud
projecting from the bar g'; upon this bar is fitted the catch g', which
is prevented moving sideways by two set washers, but which is free to
move on the bar as a centre, as will be explained hereafter. The
catch g³, is raised when required by the upright j, which is hinged
below to the lever j', and above it is guided in the bracket k, which
also serves as a stop piece for the set screw g, in the catch g. The
lever j', is raised in the ordinary manner when the carriage is out by
the piece c', fixed on the same shaft c², as the knee board . The
mode of operation is as follows:-The carriage is now supposed to be
going out; the strap f, is consequently on the loose pulley f, the
catch g, being held by the spring g, on the centre notch of the
bracket k, as shewn in Figure 2. When the carriage arrives at the end
of the stretch, and the operation of spinning or twisting the is
yarn
completed, the finger h, on the cam shaft h', comes against the piece g
on the rod g', and pushes the strap f, on to backing off pulley f³, the
action of the finger h, on the piece g', causes the catch g³, to slide up
the bevelled side of the centre notch of the bracket k, and as soon as
the said finger has passed beyond the reach of the piece g, the spring
g, draws baek the bar g', until the set screw g, comes against the outer
side of the notch in the bracket k. When the strap f, is on the
pulley f, it communicates motion to the shaft f, and band pulley f
in the contrary direction to that in which they had previously been
revolving, thereby first checking the momentum of the rim band
pulley and of the spindles, and then reversing the same, the object
and effect of which is to unwind the coils of yarn that had previously
been coiled around the bare spindle. When the backing off' is com

page_text: pleted the spinner by pushing against the knee board c, causes the
piece c', to raiso the lever j', and upright j, the upper end of which
raises the catch g, over the notch in the bracket k, thereby allowing
the spring, to draw the bar g', in the direction of the dotted arrow
in Figure 2, until the strap f', comes on the winding-on pulley f, which
is fast to the band pulley f'; the strap f', remains in this position
during the running in of the carriage, thereby effecting the winding
up of the yarn on the spindles. As soon as the carriage is up the
gearing rod, seen in Figure 3, acts on the elbow lever i, and by
moving the rod g', causes the strap f', to slide on to the loose pulley f5,
and the catch g, to drop again into the centre notch of the bracket k.
The various parts remain in these positions during running out of the
carriage and the operation of spinning, after which the same changes
take place as before described. It is necessary to remark that in
order to effect the backing off expeditiously the regulating set screw
g, may be gradually unscrewed by the spinner during the formation
of a set of cops in order to bring the strap f, more on to the
backing off pulley f³, at the commencement that at the completion of
a set of cops. This unscrewing of the set screw is to diminish the dis-
tance from its point to the side of the catch ; by this means the side
motion of the strapf, is gradually diminished, and thereby the number
of revolutions imparted to the backing-off pulley f, is reduced also.
The necessity for this is well understood by spinners, for it is evident
that at the commencement of a cop there is a greater distance from the
point of the spindle to where the yarn ceases to be wound than when the
cop is complete or nearly so; consequently, as there are more coils to
unwind at the commencement, the backing-off pulley must perform a
greater number of revolutions to effect it, and the regulating set screw
g', by projecting a greater distance through the catch g, moves the
strap f, more on to the pulley f", than is requisite when the cop is
complete, at which time the point of the set screw is nearer to the side
of the catch ', and the strap f, is moved less on to the backing-off*
pulley. It may in some cases be unnecessary to alter the position of the
set screw.
In Figures 4, 5, and 6, we have shewn a modification of our im-
proved backing-off motion. In these views similar letters and figures

page_text: lever m.
the
of reference are used to denote those parts that have been already
described with reference to the previous Figures. In the present ar-
rangement, when the carriage is out and the spinning is completed, the
finger h, seen best in Figure 6, on the cam shaft h', acts upon the
picce ', projecting from the bar g', thereby moving the strap f, from
the loose pulley f, to the backing-off pulley f; this is effected
horizontal lever 7, which is supported on the fulcrum stud ; the end of
the bar g', has a slot in which fits a pin, projecting from one end of the
lever 1, the other end of which passes through a slot in the strap guide
The lever, after passing through the slot in the strap guide
lever m, is bent a l', and is furnished at its end with a piece 1³, in
which is the regulating set screw g. As soon as the strap f', has been
moved on to the backing-off pulley f, the end of the lever n, which
during the going out of the carriage and the spinning had been held
in the position shewn in Figure 4, by the piece l', rises up, owing to
the descending of the weight n', and the spring g²; acting on the bar g¹,
'in the direction of the arrow in Figure 5, draws the set screw g', against
the end of the lever n. As soon as the backing-off pulley has revolved
"a sufficient number of times to check the momentum of the rim
band pulley, and to unwind the coils of yarn on the bare part of the
spindles, the spinner, by acting on the knee board shewn and described
in reference to Figure 1, moves the lever j', in the direction of the arrow,
thereby causing the projection, to elevate the weight n', and depress
the end of the lever n, whereby the set screw g', is liberated, and the
spring g, by acting on the bar g', lever 1, and strap guide lever m, puts
the strap f, again on to the loose pulley. The distance between the
end of the set screw g', and the picce 1, may be gradually diminished
by the spinner during the building of the cop, as before described in
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
On Sheet 2, Figures 7, 8, and 9, represent different views of another
modification of our improved backing-off' motion. Similar letters and
figures of reference are again put upon those pieces that have been
previously described. In this arrangement of parts the upright p
(which is somewhat similar to the piecej, in Figure 1,) is jointed to the
lever this upright has a side projection, against which the stop q, on
the bar g-see Figure 9,-is pushed by the spring g², during the going

page_text: out of the carriage c, and during the spinning. When these operations
are completed the finger , on the cam shaft h', comes against the
antifriction roller p', which is mounted on a stud fixed in a projection
of the upright p, thereby elevating the upright, and allowing the stop q
and bar g, to be pushed in the direction of the arrow in Figure 9; by
this means the strap guide g, moves the strap f', from the loose pulley f³,
to the backing-off pulley f, which is fast to the groove pulley f*,
thereby checking and reversing the motion of the spindles, as before
described. The regulating set screw g', passes in this instance through
the piece r, which is fixed to the outer end of the bar g', and the point
of the set screw comes against the frame side when the strap is moved on
to the backing-off pulley; consequently, in order to diminish the amount
of backing off in proportion to the increasing size of the cops, the spinner
has to gradually increase the distance from the end of the set screw g',
to the side of the piece 1. When the backing off is completed the
spinner acting on the knee board c, causes the piece c', to act on the
inclined plane s, thereby drawing the slot piece s', against the lever 8",
which is fixed on the vertical shaft s, to the upper end of which is
fixed the lever s', which is thus made to act on the stud 98, projecting
from the bar g'; the strap guide g, is by this means made to move
the strap f', from the backing-off pulley f, to the loose pulley f.
As soon as the carriage begins to run in, the upright p drops, and
the catch again comes against the projection from the upright p
as shewn in Figure 9, being held in that position by the action of the
spring, which is coiled around the bar g.
Figures 10, and 11, represent two views of another modification
of our improvements in backing off, applicable to a mule driven by a
horizontal shaft. In these views the backing-off pulley, is fast on
the tube t, within which works the driving shaft, as is customary in
mules of this description. To the tube t, is fixed the bevel wheel.t',
gearing into the pinion t, fixed on the same shaft as the rim e. f,
is the loose pulley, which is held in its place on the tube t, by a
set washer . The horizontal bar u, is supported by the brackets ut.
To the back of this bar is fixed a projection, for the regulating
set screw g, seen best in Figure 11. To the front of the bar u, is
fixed a stud ", which takes into a slot in the lower end of the strap

page_text: guide w. v, is a catch which is jointed to the frame of the mule
at v¹; and i, is the gearing rod, to which is fixed the inclined piece w.
When the carriage is going out, and during the operation of spinning,
the various parts remain in the positions shewn in the Drawings. The
finger h, on the cam shaft h', then acts upon the inclined piece u²,
projecting from the bar u, and draws the bar in the direction of the
arrow in Figure 10; the strap f, is thus brought on to the backing-
off pulley f, the action of which on the rim band e', has been described
in reference to the preceding Figures; and the set screw ', being
drawn from under the end of the catch v, allows the catch to drop,
the end of the set screw 95, being held against the end of the catch
by the spring g. When the backing off is completed the spinner
by acting on the knee board liberates the gearing rod 22, which
then moves in the direction of the arrow in Figure 11, and brings
the inclined piece a, under the end of the catch v, thereby raising
the end of the said catch above the set screw g³, and allowing the
spring g, to draw the bar u, in the direction of the dotted arrow in
Figure 10, until the strap f, is again on the loose pulley f³. The set
screw g, may in this case be gradually unscrewed in order to diminish
the amount of backing off in proportion to the increasing size of the
cops. And we wish to remark, that a similar combination of parts may
be applied to mules in which the driving shaft is in a vertical instead
of a horizontal position.
We will now describe the last part of our Invention, which consists
of another combination of parts for effecting the backing off, as repre-
sented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, of Sheet 3. In these views the
strap marked f', in the previous Figures is dispensed with, and the
same object is effected by means of a spring. The spring, which is
marked A, is shewn in dotted lines, as it is contained within the
friction box B. This friction box is keyed on the rim shaft c.
The
inner end of the spring is fixed to a bracket A¹, projecting from
the framing a; and to the outer end of the spring is attached a
chain or cord passing over a small pulley A, fixed on a shaft supported
in the sliding part of the friction box marked B. The boss of
the piece B', is furnished with a circular groove, in which fits the
fork C, fixed on the upright shaft C. To the lower end of this shaft

page_text: is fixed the lever C, the end of which bears upon the weighted catch
D. To the upper side of the lever C, is fixed a stud, to which is
attached one end of a chain or cord E, the other end of which is fixed
to the drum E¹; and to this drum is also attached one end of the cord
or chain E, the other end of which is furnished with a weight E³.
This drum E, is fixed to the shaft E, from which depends the catch
finger E. F, is a catch plate, also fixed on the shaft E'; and F¹, is
a lever with a stud in it jointed to the frame side. The upright F²,
which is connected below to the lever j', fits above on another stud
projecting from the lever F¹. To the carriage c, is attached a bracket
c, supporting the anti-friction roller c. To the under side of the
lever C, is attached a stud, to which is secured one end of the chain or
cord G, the other end of which is provided with a weight G. The
mode of operation is as follows:-The carriage is supposed to be
going out, and when it is at the end of its stretch the anti-friction
roller, comes against the pendant catch E, the back of which, by
coming against a pin projecting from the drum E', moves it partly
round in the direction of the arrow, thereby slackening the chain or
cord E. The catch in the lever F', then drops into the notch x, in the
plate F, so as to prevent the weight E", moving the drum E¹.
the spinning is completed the finger h, on the cam shaft h³, comes
against the projection D', of the catch D, thereby liberating the end of
the lever C. The weight G', then acts on the lever C2; and as the
fork C, is on the same shaft as the lever C, it is evident that the action
of the weight G¹, draws the sliding part B', into contact with the
friction box B. As soon as the two parts of the friction box are
focked together the tension of the spring A, first checks the momentum
o the rim band e', and then reverses the direction of its motion,
thereby effecting the backing off. The disk of the sliding piece B', is
provided with a radial slot through which the bracket A', passes, the
said slot being made to allow the piece B', to move partly round.
When the backing off is completed the spinner by acting on the knee
board 3, raises the lever j', and with it the upright F; the stud in the
lever F, is thus raised out of the notch x, in the plate F, and the
weight E, is then at liberty to draw the lever C, in the direction of
When

page_text: the arrow in Figure 13. The sliding part B', is thus separated from the
friction box B, and the catch D, being raised by the weight D²,
resumes its former position. In order to diminish the power of the
spring A, in proportion to the amount of backing off required, the end
of the spring is provided with a chain or cord passing over a little
pulley A. To the same shaft as this pulley is fixed a ratchet wheel
A, and a handle A'. The ratchet wheel is furnished with a retaining
catch A5, shewn by dots in Figure 12. At the commencement of a set
of cops the chain or cord is wound on to the small pulley A, thereby
increasing the tension of the spring A, and the spinner, by occasionally
letting off a tooth of the ratchet wheel, slackens the chain or cord
gradually during the building of the cop, thereby reducing the tension
of the spring.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we wish it to be understood that we do not
limit ourselves to the details herein set forth. as the same may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of our Invention; but
what we do claim is, the improved combinations of parts herein-before
shewn and described for effecting the backing off motion of machines
for spinning and doubling.
In witness whereof, we, the said Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith and
James Newhouse, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twentieth day of March One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
four.
P. R. ARROWSMITH. (L.S.)
JAMES NEWHOUSE. (L.S.)