IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HILL, of Staleybridge, in the County of Chester, Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of July,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, and in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Hill, my eñors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Hill, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Hill, my exors, admors,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, from time to time and at
all times during the term of fourteen years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her
Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN MACHINES FOR PREPARING COTTON,
WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said James Hill, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: doffer, and c the conductor or spout, which in ordinary engines conveys the fleece
or sliver to the drawing head. I have, in this instance, shewn the sliver as going
direct from the conductor c to the sliding trumpet mouth d; but if it is found
more convenient the sliver may first pass through the ordinary drawing head
and then to the trumpet mouth d, which has a traversing motion imparted to
it by the heart e, acting against the flat bar d', the end of which is kept in
contact with the heart by the weight d², suspended from a cord, the other end
of which is secured to the bar d', as clearly shewn in Figs. 2 and 3. The
heart e is fixed at the upper end of a vertical shaft e¹, to which a uniform
rotatory motion is given by the bevil pinion f, gearing into the bevil wheel e²,
fixed on the shaft e¹. The bevil pinion f is fixed on a short shaft f', to the other
end of which is keyed the spur pinion f³, set in motion in any convenient way
by the carding engine. The bevil wheel also gears into and drives the
pinion g', fixed to the end of the shaft of the horizontal roller g, which, with
the roller h, revolves in bearings attached to the top plate i, bolted to the cross
rail a'. The under sides of the rollers 9 and h are in the same plane as the
under surface of the top plate i, as scen best in the section Fig. 4, and the
centre of the trumpet mouth d is in a line with the point of contact of the said
rollers, which are pressed together by the weighted levers j. The lower part
of the shaft e¹ is supported in a bearing fixed to the bottom plate k, and to the
end of it is keyed the crank lever c', in which is bolted the stud e'. This stud
fits into a bush sliding freely in a slot through the disk of the wheel I, mounted
on a stud screwed into the plate k. On referring to the front view, Fig. 2, it
will be seen that the centre of the shaft is not in the same line as the
centre of the stud of the wheel 1, consequently the uniform revolving motion
of the shaft e' is imparts a varying speed to the wheel 7, because the stud
e, in performing one revolution, is constantly acting on the wheel Zat
clifferent distances from its fulcrum. The wheel gears into and gives
motion to the wheel m, which also revolves on a stud screwed into the
bottom plate k and supports the can o, into which the slivers are collected and
compressed. The wheel m is rather smaller than the wheel l, and therefore
revolves rather faster; by this means the varying speed required for each coil
of the sliver is communicated to the can in such wise that each coil is
deposited somewhat in advance of the previous one. It is necessary to remark
that there is a projection from the upper face of the disk of the wheel m,
which, by acting against a projection from the bottom of the can o, ensures the
revolving of the can, which is retained in a vertical position by the framing o¹, and
by the falling catch o*. When an empty can is put on the wheel m, and the
machine is started, the slivers gradually accumulate until they reach up to the

page_text: 'under side of the fixed plate i; they then continue to be delivered, and are
'compressed into the can in a succession of layers of coils until the can is
sufficiently filled. The relative speed of the traversing trumpet mouth d, and
of the rollers g and h, and the varying velocity of the can o, being such that
the slivers are deposited and packed without creases or folds, and consequently
in a fit state for being subjected to the drawing frames or other subsequent
operation. In applying the above described improvements to carding engines,
one apparatus for giving the varying velocities to the cans, and for traversing
the trumpet mouth d, may be made to communicate motion to a row of
several carding engines, by making the bar d¹ to reach from one carding
'engine to another, thereby giving motion to all the trumpet mouths, and by
making the first of the wheels m to drive a long shaft which would communi-
cate the varying speeds to all the cans; and it will be unnecessary to illustrate
this part of my Invention by shewing its application to a drawing frame or
other machine of the like nature, as the alterations required will be so trifling
that they will suggest themselves to any competent workman.
The Diagram marked Fig. 5ª represents a plan view of another arrangement
In this view e' is
of machinery for producing the variable speeds of the can o.
an upright shaft, similar to the one marked with the same letter in Fig. 2, revolv-
ing at a constant uniform speed. To the bottom of this shaft is fixed an elliptical
wheel e, gearing into and driving a similarly shaped wheel e, to the boss of
which is fixed an ordinary spur wheel e'; both these last-mentioned wheels
revolve on a stud e³, and the wheel gears into the wheel m, which is made
to receive the can o, as seen in Fig. 2. By this arrangement a variable
rotary motion, the amount of which can be regulated according to the relative
distance between the centres of the elliptical wheels and the centres of the
shaft or stud on which they work, is given to the can, thereby effecting a
similar object as the crank lever e, and parts in connection therewith, sce
Fig. 2.
As it is in some cases found desirable to make the can reciprocate or
revolve, first in one direction and then in the other, I have combined thesc
'motions with the machinery for giving the requisite varying speeds to the can,
as represented in Fig. 5b, which is a front elevation, and Fig. 5°, which is a
plan view of the same. In Figs. 5 and 5º, as many of the pieces are similar
. to those represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, I have marked them with corre
sponding letters. In the present instance the shaft f¹ has a bevil wheel ƒ³
'fixed to it, which gears into the pinion p, on the shaft p', to the lower end of
which is a mangle pinion gearing into the mangle wheel p³, fixed on the
upright shaft e', to the lower extremity of which is fixed the crank lever 3,
' provided with the stud e', for giving the variable motion to the spur wheel,

page_text: a
revolving on a stud in the bottom plate k; the wheel 7 gears into the wheel m,
which also revolves as before on a stud in the bottom plate. The wheel m has
flange, at the top of which is fixed a plate mo, and the flange is partly cut
away between the points marked 7 and 8, in Fig. 5, to admit the lever m*.
Above the plate me is placed the ratchet wheel m³, which is recessed to receive
the can o, and is furnished with a pin taking into a recess in the can bottom,
so that the motion of the ratchet wheel may at all times be imparted to the
can. The under side of the ratchet wheel m³ is lined with leather or other
suitable material, and fits into a recess in the plate m³, by this means the
motion of the wheel m is imparted to the ratchet wheel m³; but it is also
requisite that the ratchet wheel and can should have an advancing or receding
motion, independent of the alternating motion of the wheel m, in order that
the coils may be deposited in successive layers. I therefore make use of the
following pieces for effecting the purpose:-On the boss of the wheel mis
hinged a lever m', from which projects a stud for the click mo. In the flange
of the wheel m is an opening between the two points rand s, and to the
bottom plate is fixed the pin t. When the machine is at work the mangle
pinion moves the mangle wheel p³ nearly round, first in one direction and then
in the other. This reciprocating motion is communicated to the wheel m, and
by it to the ratchet wheel m³, the number of teeth in which may be equal to
the number of coils required to form one layer. When the wheel mis
revolving in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5°, the projection s bears against
the lever m' and takes it round, until the lever, by coming against the stud t,
draws the click m back over the teeth of the ratchet wheel. When this is
effected, the reversing motion of tho mangle wheel causes the wheel m to
revolve in the contrary direction, and brings the projection r against the other
side of the lever m* or into the position shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 5º.
This projection r then takes the lever with it until the lever comes into the
position shewn in red. The click me then causes the rachet wheel m' to
advance a tooth, and when this is accomplished the mangle wheel again
reverses the motion of the various parts, and the operations continue to be
repeated until the can is filled.
In Fig. 5 I have represented another combination of parts for giving the
requisite variable motion to the can, in addition to or independently of the
reciprocating motion. In this view the spur wheel m is furnished with a bevil
wheel q, gearing into two bevil pinions q', which revolve on short shafts, th
bearings of which are attached to the wheel q², mounted freely on the same
stud as the wheel m. The bevil pinions impart the varying speed and
reciprocating motion of the bevil wheel q to the wheel q³, the upper portion

page_text: of which is recessed to receive the can. The requisite motion for distributing
the slivers is given to the wheel 2 by means of the pinion q, fixed on the
upright shaft q, to the upper end of which is fixed a worm wheel, driven by a
worm on the shaft of one of the calender rollers 9 and h, or in any other
convenient way. The motion for distributing the slivers will have to be varied
according to the thickness of the slivers or rovings under operation, and can
readily be effected by giving more or less speed to the shaft q³.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 6 is an end elevation of my improved coiling frame, in
which the variable speeds required for winding on are produced by positive
agents instead of by friction, as in the machines described in the Specifications
of my former Letters Patent. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the same; in
this view three of the spindles are shewn without cases, and one of them is
shewn with a case to protect the fibrous material that is being formed into
a coil; the red lines indicate the position of the other spindles. Fig. 8 is
a transverse sectional elevation, and Fig. 9 is a plan view of part of the
same. Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of a spindle, furnished with a case,
as seen in the fourth spindle, in Fig. 7, and Fig. 11 is a plan view of the
same. Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of another spindle, furnished with
a lantern or guard for the same purpose as the case above mentioned, and
Fig. 18 a plan view of the same. Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17 are plan
views of the lower disks G, shewing how the coils can be laid. Figs. 17ª
and 17 are two views of an improved combination of parts for giving the
variable speeds by means of positive agents applicable to the frame shewn
in Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9. Fig. 18 is a front view of one end of the coiling
frame, shewing another mode of driving the parts which give motion to the
coiling disks, and Fig. 19 is another view of the same.
In Figs. 6 and 7 A represents the main driving shaft, and A' a change pinion
fixed to the end of it. By altering the number of teeth in this pinion more or
less twist is put into the rovings that are being formed into coils. The pinion
A¹ gears into the intermediate wheel A², and this gears into the wheel B' fixed
on the shaft B. The pinion A¹ and wheels A and B are represented by dotted
red circles in Fig. 6. At one end of the shaft B is the pinion B2, by which
the drawing rollers are set in motion, and at the other end is a pinion B³,
shewn by a red circle in Fig. 8. This pinion gears into the intermediate
wheel B', which gives motion to the wheel C fixed to the end of a short shaft
revolving in the bush C, as clearly shown in Fig. 9. From the face of the
wheel C projects a stud C³, which communicates a rotary motion at varying
speeds to the shaft D in the following manner:-To one end of this shaft
is fixed the slot lever D', which is provided with a sliding block D, fitting on

page_text: the stud C³, consequently every revolution of the wheel C imparts a revolution
to the shaft D; but as the centre of the shaft D is lower than that of the
wheel C, as seen in Figs. 7 and 8, it is evident that the motion of the former
must vary according to the distance between the centres, and according
to the distance of the stud C from the centre of the wheel C. Near the
other end of the shaft D is fixed a heart or cam D³, which acts on the
trumpet mouth for distributing the rovings, as will be explained hereafter,
and the change pinion D', which gives motion to the shaft E by gearing
into the pinion E' fixed on the said shaft. These pinions can casily be taken
off and replaced by others having different numbers of teeth, so as to be
able to vary their relative speeds. At the other end of the shaft E is fixed
the pinion E, which gears into and governs the speed of the differential
wheel F, as particularly described in the Specification of my former. Patent.
Tho mitre wheel A³ is fixed on the shaft A, and the combined action of the
wheel A and pinion E on the differential wheel F, is transmitted to the
lower disk G in the following manner:-To the boss of the mitre wheel A* is
fixed the spur wheel A, and they both work loose on the shaft A. The
wheel A gives motion to the two intermediate wheels G', the lower one of
which gears into the wheel G, fixed on the horizontal shaft G³. This shaft
extends from one end of the frame to the other, and is furnished with as
many skew wheels G* as there aro spindles in the frame. Only three of
these wheels are shewn in Fig. 7, the position of the others being indicated
by red lines. The wheels G* work into the wheels Go, connected by means
of a groove and key to the lower spindles Go, thereby imparting to them a
varying motion corresponding to the delivery of the sliver or roving on the
disk G by the sliding trumpet mouth I. The spindles G revolve in bearings
K' attached to the rail K, seen best in Fig. 8, and the disks G at the top
of them are covered with flannel, or other suitable material, to give the
necessary adhesion for winding on the first layer of coils. The upper disks
H have a uniform revolving motion given to them by the wheel A° on the
main driving shaft A, in the following manner:-The wheel A gears into
the intermediate wheel H', which drives the wheel H, fixed on the shaft H³.
This shaft is also furnished with skew wheels H, which gear into the wheels
H³, fixed on the boss of the flanges Ho, as clearly shewn in Figs. 7 and 12.
The upper discs H are connected to the flanges H, by three or other suitable
number of rods H', consequently the motion imparted to the flanges H by
he wheels H and H³ is communicated to the upper disks H, from which
long boss projects, supported above by bearings J, attached to the supple-
nentary roller beam J'. The boss of the flanges H® revolve in bearings

page_text: K fixed to the cross rail K. The upper disks H are each provided with a
slot extending from near the boss to near the circumference, as shewn in
the third and fourth spindles in the plan view. Into this slot a projection
from the trumpet mouth I, in the sliding piece l', enters, and the trumpet
mouth is moved to and fro along the said slot by the vibrating lever I', which
is jointed to the boss of the upper disk, and united below to the sliding
piece 1. Upon the boss of the upper disk is fitted loosely the grooved
ring I, the lower part of which is connected to the vibrating lever 1* by the
link I, as shewn in Fig. 7, and the grooved ring 13 has a slight up and down
motion imparted to it by the heart D³ in the following manner :-To a stud
projecting from the end frame, see Fig. 8, is jointed the lever D³, the
extremity of which is furnished with an antifriction roller bearing upon the
heart D³. To the lever D³ is jointed the lower end of the rod D, the upper
end of which is connected to the lever L', fixed on the shaft L, as seen
best in Fig. 7. This shaft extends the whole length of the frame, and is
supported in bearings fixed to the roller beam. To the shaft L are also
fixed the levers L³, which catch hold of studs projecting from the pieces L³,
and as these pieces fit into the grooves of the rings I, it is evident that the
up and down motion given to the end of the lever D will be transmitted
to the rings I, and to the trumpet mouth I, by the parts above enumerated.
The upper portion of the boss of the disks H is bored out, as seen best in
Fig. 12, and the slivers or rovings, after passing through the drawing rollers,
are carried down through the hole in the boss of the disk HI; they then
pass through a side hole in the same, and are conducted under a hook
projecting from the sliding piece I', then through another opening at the
other end of the said sliding piece, and thence pass into the trumpet mouth.
An open tube, similar to the leg of a flyer attached to the sliding piece 1',
may also be used for guiding the roving from the side hole in the boss of
the disk H to the trumpet mouth I. The method of conducting the rovings
from the drawing rollers to the trumpet mouth is indicated by the brown
lines in Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, and the red lines in the first spindle of Fig. 7
indicate the position of the vibrating lever I', and sliding piece I', when the
trumpet mouth is nearest the centre of the coil. The requisite pressure is
given to the lower disk G and to the coil that is formed between it and
the upper disk H in the following manner:-To the cross rail K are fixed
as many brackets K³ as there are spindles in the frame. To a stud from
each of these brackets is suspended a link K, the lower end of which is
provided with a stud for the weighted treadle lever K to hinge upon. The
end of the spindle G revolves in a socket in the lever K, the other end

page_text: of which is furnished with an adjustable weight K, the position of which
can be set so as to give more or less pressure to the coil that is being formed.
The levers K may be guided in forked picces fixed to the botton cross rail,
if found requisite. When the machine is ready to commence working, the
lower disks must all be brought into contact with the upper ones, as shewn
in the second spindle in Fig. 7. The weight levers K then assume the
position indicated in red in Fig. 8, and in proportion as the layers of coils
accumulate between the two disks, the spindles G descend until the coils
are complete, as shewn in the first spindle in Fig. 7 and in Fig. 8. The
machine is then stopped by moving the driving strap from the fast to the
loose pulley in the usual manner, and the doffing is effected by the following
means: The attendant, by pressing down the treadle projecting from the
lever Ks lowers the disk G and brings the lever K³ from the position shown
by black lines in Fig. 8, to the position indicated by blue lines. The pressure
being now removed from the soil the attendant inserts her hand between
the top of the coil and the under side of the disk H, and withdraws the
coil. As soon as the coil is removed the attendant takes her foot from
the treadle, and the lower disk G resumes its original position under the
disk H, by the weight G acting on the various parts in connicction therewith,
as before described. In order to facilitate the operation of doffing, a treadle
bar, extending the whole length of the frame, may be used to hold down
all the treadle levers K at the same time. It is evident from the foregoing
description that every coil is weighted independently of the others, consequently
each layer of coils is wound on under a nearly uniform pressure, whatever
may be the distance between the coiling disks or the length of roving wound
on by cach spindle. The various wheels and pinions for communicating
the motion to the winding-on disk and trumpet mouth are represented
in the Drawing in the relative proportions for producing a coil having
a succession of layers, as shewn in the second spindle of the plan view
Fig. 9, but, by changing 'the relative speeds of the wheels F and C, I am
enabled to produce coils consisting of layers of various forms, as shewn in
Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17. As it is desirable to inclose the coil in a case
during its formation, in order to protect the cotton or other fibrous substance
that is being operated upon from the influence of the air, or from
being injured by any other cause, I fix to the spindles Go, see the
detached Figs. 10 and 11 and the fourth spindle in Fig. 7, a boss, having
a case attached to it, marked G³. This case may be of tin, or gutta percha,
or any other suitable material. The spindle G projects upwards into the
case, and serves as a guide for a coiled spring G³, which presses against the

page_text: under side of the moveable disk G', which answers the same purpose as the
disks G in the other spindles, the upper surface of which is covered with
flannel to give the necessary adhesion for the first layer of rovings or slivers.
To the disk Go are fixed two or other suitable number of rods G", which
pass through holes in the bottom of the case, and terminate in screws, having
nuts to prevent the spring from lifting the disk. G' completely out of the case.
As long as the layers of coils continue to accumulate on the disk G, the pressure
of the coils overcomes the resistance of the spring G³, which therefore yields,
and allows the disk to enter into the case, as seen in Fig. 10; but when a
sufficient quantity of layers are wound on between the disks, the attendant
by depressing the treadle K³ lowers the spindle and case; and as the upper
portion of the case is by this means brought so far from the disk H as to
allow the attendant to introduce her hand between the said disk and the
upper part of the coil, it is evident that the coil can easily be removed,
because as the upper part of the coil is drawn from between the disks the spring
Go is rising up again in the case, so as to be ready for the succeeding coil.
In Figs. 12 and 13, I have shown another method of protecting the
slivers or rovings during the formation of the coil. In this instance I attach
to the upper disk H and to the rods H³, a bent plate of tin or other
material M; this bent plate forms about two thirds of a cylinder; and another
plate N, of about the same length, but bent into a rather larger circle, is made
to slide freely between the plate .M and rods H'. In Fig. 13, the plate
N, which has a handle N¹ fastened to it, is drawn forward so as to form with
the plate Ma complete circle or case, but when the plate N is pushed back
until the handle. N¹ bears against the rod H', as shewn by dotted lines, the
space between two of the said rods will be open to admit of the coil being
examined or doffed. By making the casing M to reach from and attached
to the disc H and flange H, an entire case will be formed, and the rods H'
may then be dispensed with.
In Figs. 17 and 17" I have represented two views of another combina-
tion of parts, which, in combination with the differential wheel F, imparts the
requisite varying speed for the winding on; this combination may in some
cases be preferable, although the one already described is sufficiently accurate
for most practical purposes. In these views C is the spur wheel, and C¹
the bracket, in which the shaft of the said wheel revolves similar to those
marked with corresponding letters in Figs. 7 and 9. To the bracket C¹ is
fixed a heart C³ having a groove formed in it; into this groove a roller fits
freely, and this roller is mounted on the stud. C², which, instead of being
fixed in the wheel C, as described in reference to Fig. 7, 8, and 9, is capable

page_text: of moving nearer to or further from the centre of the said wheel. The slot
for the stud C and the wheel C are shewn in red lines in Fig. 17ª; the
other end of the stud C takes into a bush D² sliding in the slot lever D', as
before described. By this arrangement it is evident that the speed of the
shaft D will not only vary according to the distance between the centre of
the shaft D and the centre of the wheel C, but also according to the shape
of the heart C3, which is so calculated that the speed of the lower disc G
corresponds exactly with the position of the trumpet mouth I. I wish also
to observe that the same result may be obtained by raising and lowering the
centre of the wheel C or the shaft D for each revolution of the wheel C.
In Figs. 18 and 19 I have shewn another modification of machinery for giving
a varying speed to the shaft E from the wheel C, which revolves at a uniforni
speed, as before described with reference to Figs. 7, 8, and 9. In this instance
the wheel C is driven from the pinion B by a carrier wheel B, as shewn in
Figs. 7 and 8, and the wheel C is fixed upon a short shaft, to which is also
fixed the toothed heart C, which gears into and gives motion to the wheel Z,
the shaft of which works in moveable bearings Z' sliding up and down in a
bracket attached to the end frame. To the same shaft as the wheel Z. is
fixed the mitre pinion Z, gearing into a similar pinion Y', which is connected
to the upright shaft Y by a key fixed to the pinion taking into a groove in
the upright shaft; the boss of the sliding pinion Y¹ fits into the upper part of the
bearing Z. At the lower extremity of the shaft Y is a mitre pinion Y2 gearing
into the pinion X' on the shaft X, to the other end of which is fixed the spur
pinion X gearing into the pinion E' on the shaft E. It is evident from the
above description that the requisite varying speed will be given to the shaft E
by the toothed heart C, the shape of which is calculated according to the
varying speed required for laying the coils, and the wheel Z is kept in gear
with the toothed heart by the spring Z* acting upon the bearing Z'. This
combination of parts may be used as a substitute for the slot lever D' and
its adjuncts, before described with reference to Figs. 7, 8, and 9. Instead of
the heart wheel C and wheel Z, a pair of elliptical wheels, similar to those
represented in Fig. 5, may be employed for producing a varying speed for
winding on, but I prefer the mode represented in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 for this
purpose.
I will now. proceed to describe the last part of my Invention, with reference
to the various Drawings on Sheet 8, in which Figure 20 represents an
end elevation of a bobbin frame for winding rovings in sucessive layers of
conical spiral coils on suitably shaped spools. Fig. 21 is a front elevation,
Fig. 22 is a transverse sectional elevation, and Fig. 23 a plan view of part

page_text: of the same. In Fig. 21 many parts are broken off or left out, in order that
the general construction of the machine may be more easily understood.
The bobbin frame which I am now going to describe is somewhat similar
in its general construction to the coiling frame described in the Specification
of previous Letters Patent, granted to me on or about the Nineteenth
of June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, the principal difference
being that in the present instance the spiral coils are laid by a presser in
successive layers, on the conical part of the spool, whereas in my former Patent
the spiral coils were laid in successive layers between discs.
In Figs. 20 and 21, a is the main driving shaft, furnnished with a fast and
loose pulley in the ordinary manner. a² is a pinion fixed at the other end of the
shaft a, which gives motion to the shaft 6 by means of the carrier pinions 6¹ and
wheel be, as clearly shown in Fig. 21, and by the blue circles in Fig. 22. The
shaft b extends the whole length of the frame, and drives the drawing rollers c
at one end by means of the pinion 63, and intermediate wheels shown by red
circles in Fig. 20. At the other end of the shaft b is the pinion 6, which gives
motion to the various parts for raising and lowering the copping rail, as will be
herein-after explained, by the train of wheels, seen best in Fig. 21, and by red
circles in Fig. 22. d is the differential wheel mounted loosely on the driving
shaft a, and similar in its construction and application to the one marked F in
Sheet 2 of the annexed Drawings. e is a shaft, to one end of which is attached,
by means of a groove and key, the friction disc e¹, and to the other end is
keyed the change pinion, which communicates the variable speeds of the
friction disc to the differential wheel d, by the pinions f and f* fixed on
the short shaft f. The spindles g, which are furnished with flyers and pressers,
are driven at a uniform speed by the bevil wheels h¹ fixed on the shaft h
gearing into the pinions g¹ on the spindles, and the shaft
is put in
motion by the pinion a keyed on the driving shaft a. The pinion a
is represented by a red circle in Fig. 20, and gears into the intermediato
wheel a³, which gives motion to another similar wheel a', gearing into
the pinion h³ on the shaft h. The copping rail i is supported by the two
chains k, and it is guided in its upward and downward motion by projections
taking into slots in the framing in the ordinary manner.
The chains & pass
over the guide pulleys k¹, then under the pulleys p", and they are then made
fast to the pulleys p keyed on the shaft p', as seen best in Fig. 22, and the
chains and weights l' are to counterbalance the copping rail, which is fur-
nished with bearings for the skew wheel shaft i'. The variable velocities required
for winding the rovings in the conical form shewn in the Drawing are imparted
in the following manner to the shaft i, and by it to the spools, by the spur

page_text: wheel a, which is fast to the differential bevil wheel a:-The spur wheel a
gears into the intermediate wheel m, revolving on a stud fixed to the
end of the swing frame m'; the intermediate wheel m gears into another
intermediate wheel m², which revolves on a stud fixed in a bracket attached
to the copping rail i, and gears into the pinion fixed on the shaft i',
as shewn in blue in Fig. 20. This shaft is furnished with the skew wheels 2",
which take into and drive the skew pinions g², which are loose on the spindles,
but are provided above with a projecting key, taking into suitable recesses at
the under side of the spools g, in the same manner as is now customary in
driving spools of the ordinary shape. The cone and barrel of my improved
spools are furnished with small circular grooves to give the rovings sufficient
adhesion to the spools. The lift of the copping rail is at all times equal to
the distance between the base and the apex of the cone formed on the spools,
and the lifting of the rail is effected by the hearts n fixed on the shaft n, to
which a slow uniform revolving motion is given by the pinion before referred
to. The hearts n act upon antifriction rollers p revolving on studs fixed in
the levers p', which hinge on the shaft p¹; but as the level of the copping rail
must be gradually lowered in order that cach successive layer of coils may be
deposited in its proper position for filling the spool and forming ultimately a
complete bobbin, I make use of the following mechanism for producing this
effect: The shaft o revolves exactly at the same speed as the shaft n', being
driven by the same intermediate wheel gearing into the pinions n² and oº,
shewn by red circles in Fig. 22, which pinions have each the same number of
teeth, thereby keeping the proper relative positions of the hearts n and scroll q¹.
On the shaft o is fixed a worm o¹, gearing into the worm wheel o³, which is fast
on the short diagonal shaft o³. This shaft has at its lower extremity a bevil
pinion o gearing into the wheel p, fitting loosely on the shaft p¹, but
connected with it by a clutch box p², which is capable of being slidden length-
wise on the shaft, but is connected to and turns with it by a groove and key.
The necessity for this arrangement will be explained hereafter. At the
extremity of the shaft o is a mitre pinion o gearing into a similar pinion on
the vertical shaft 9, which is furnished with the scroll q', acting on an anti-
friction roller in the sliding bracket . The vertical shaft s moves at an
uniform speed, being driven by a bevil wheel be on the shaft b, gearing into
the pinion s¹, and as the under side of the boss of the friction roller bears
upon the sliding bracket, every revolution of the scroll will impart a
downward and upward motion to the roller s, and as the friction disc et
is pressed against the surface of the roller s by the spring e, the power
of which can be regulated by a set screw, it is evident that the disc e

page_text: will revolve at varying speeds corresponding to the position of the fly presser on
the conical part of the spool. And I wish particularly to remark, that by this
mode of driving the spools and of lowering the copping rail no variation can
take place in the relative speed of the spool and the position of the copping
rail. The method of operating is as follows:-When all the bare spools are
on the spindles, the copping rail i is brought into such a position that the
pressers of the flyers are on the top of the conical part of the spool. The
friction roller s is then in the position nearest to the centre of the friction
disk e, so that when the driving strap is brought from the loose to the fast
pully, the spools begin to revolve at their lowest velocity. The hearts n have
then their points upwards, or in the contrary direction to that in which they
are shewn in Fig. 22, so that as the machine continues to work, the hearts n
gradually depress the antifriction rollers p, and by so doing cause the chains k
which pass under the pulleys 23 and over the pulleys k¹, to elevate the copping
rail at the requisite speed for laying the coils side by side on the conical part
of the spool, and at the same time the friction roller being gradually
elevated diminishes the speed of the disk e³. When the copping rail has
risen to its highest level the first conical layer of coils is completed, because
the pressers are then delivering the rovings on to the greatest diaincter of the
spool, and the hearts n and friction rollers are both in the positions repro-
sented in Figs. 21 and 22; but before the next layer of coils is wound on it
is requisite that the level of the copping rail should be lowered as much as
will allow the succeeding layer to be wound on over the layer that has just
been completed. The gradual lowering of the copping rail is effected through
the agency of the worm o³, which I have already stated works in the worm-
wheel o³, and consequently imparts a continuous but very slow motion to the
shaft in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 22, and as the ends of the
chains are fixed to the pulleys p', it is evident that the gradual moving of
the shaft p will let off as much of the chain k as is required by the descending
of the copping rail; but as this amount varies according to the fineness or
coarseness of the roving under operation, the wheel o² can be removed and
replaced by another having more or less teeth in it. When the spools
are completely filled with rovings, the flyers, which are fixed on the spindles
in the same way as a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket, or in any
other convenient way, are taken off, the full spools are then replaced by empty
ones, and the index finger p', fixed at the end of the shaft p¹, is brought back
in the following manner into its original position, as shewn by dotted lines,
near the frame side, which acts as a stop:-The outer extremity of the shaft p¹
is square, as seen in the plan view, and the sliding clutch box 23 is held in

page_text: contact with the clutches on the bevil wheel p by a spring wound round the
shaft p'. Now, as it is requisite after one set of spools is filled that the
attendant should bring back the copping rail into its proper position for recom-
mencing another set, he is enabled to do so by drawing the clutch box p² out
of gear, and then by means of a screw key applied to the square end of the
shaft p', the shaft is turned back again, thereby rewinding on to the pulleys 2*
so much of the chains k as had previously been unwound for the purpose of
lowering the level of the copping rail. In the accompanying Drawing I have
only represented one row of spindles, but it will be evident to any person
conversant with machinery of this description that two rows of spindles may
be applied if found more convenient; and I also wish to remark, that the
varying speeds for winding on may also be produced by any of the positive
agents herein-before described, and referred to in Sheets 1 and 2 of the
Drawings, working in combination with the differential wheels.
.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and shewn the manner
in which the same is to be carried into effect, as applied to certain preparation
machines, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to any.
of the mechanical agents separately, so long as the peculiar character of
my Invention, or any part thereof, be retained. But what I claim as my
Invention is,
First, in giving a varying velocity ratio to cans or other receptacles which
rotate continuously in one direction, or which rotate wholly or partially first
in one direction and then in the other, in which receptacles rovings or slivers
are coiled as they are delivered by preparation machines.
Secondly, I claim the improvements in coiling rovings or slivers between
two plates or disks, the top one of which revolves at a uniform velocity, and
the bottom one at a varying velocity ratio, by positive mechanical agents
instead of by friction, and for driving the top plate or disk from below and
outside the under plate or disk by rods or by a casing, and also giving pressure
to the under plate or disk by a weighted lever; and I claim also attaching to
the spindle of the under plate or disk a casing to protect the coil.
Thirdly, I claim the improved machine or bobbin frame for winding rovings
with a greater or less amount of twist in them upon conical spools or bobbins,
the varying velocity ratio of the bobbins being produced by differential wheels
in combination with a friction disk and scroll.
Fourthly, I claim a combination of mechanical agents to a bobbin frame,
such as give an alternate up and down motion and gradually lowering motion
to the copping rail, without disengaging any part of the gear during the
operation of filling the spools or bobbins.

page_text: And, lastly, I claim giving such an uneven surface to conical spools or
bobbins by grooves or other uneven surfaces as prevent the slipping of the
roving at the commencement of the winding on.
In witness thereof, I, the said James Hill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred