IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING THE TEMPERATURE OF AIR, IN ORDER TO WARM CHURCHES, CONSERVATORIES, HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS OR PLACES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Redfern, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING THE TEMPERATURE
OF AIR, IN ORDER TO WARM CHURCHES, CONSERVATORIES, HOUSES, AND
OTHER BUILDINGS OR PLACES."
Sealed the 28th February 1862, and dated the 20th December 1861.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Redfern at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 20th December 1861, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
REDFERN, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING THE TEMPERATURE
OF AIR, IN ORDER TO WARM CHURCHES, CONSERVATORIES, HOUSES, AND OTHER
BUILDINGS OR PLACES," and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and forming part of this my Specification, and to the letters of reference
placed on each of the Figures, similar letters serving to denote similar parts of
the apparatus at each of the Figures respectively.
The object of my Invention is to raise the temperature of the air in
churches, conservatories, and other buildings or places by means or apparatus
which, while effecting the purpose I have in view, will not destroy the purity

page_text: of the atmosphere acted upon. My apparatus may be placed in the centre or
any part of a building that may be most convenient for its erection.
At Figure 1 of the annexed Drawing I shew a plan, and in Figure 2 a
sectional elevation of my improved apparatus for heating air, the whole with
the exception of the furnace door at fire cylinder D, and the opening of the
ash-pan being enclosed in a framing, casing, or covering of brickwork.
A, A, A, denote a circular plate with ash-pan A' attached thereunder, the
said ash-pan being furnished with a register door, as shewn. In the centre of
the circular plate A a grate or set of fire-bars is fitted, and on this circular
plate I place a cylinder D with a fire-door in its front, as shewn at A". The
top of the cylinder D is open to receive a syphon pipe E, the use of which is
to connect the cylinder D with a second cylinder F, which is also placed on a
second circular plate B, B. Attached or fitted to cylinder G is a smoke
flue C', such flue serving to connect the cylinder G to cylinder F, and this
cylinder G is also placed on a circular plate C, C, as shewn. The top of
cylinder G is open to allow an elbow pipe H to be fitted in, the use of which
is to carry the gases of the fire and the smoke to the chimney. I would here
remark, that I add the third cylinder G to the cylinders D, F, in order more
effectually to exhaust and beneficially use the heat before it escapes into the
chimney, and by this addition I obtain a third more radiating surface without
additional fuel. The circular plates A, A, B, B, C, C, are fitted, fixed, or
placed on cast-iron pillars or columns L, L, L, and I prefer to make these
circular plates of cast iron, as well as the cylinders D, F, G, and the other
parts herein-before mentioned of my apparatus. I cast the whole of the parts,
forming when put together my heating apparatus, so that they fit in or to
each other with loose joints, and all the joints are filled up with fine dry sand
and lime (to allow for unequal expansion or contraction), which filling in
effectually protects the jointings, and prevents the escape or exudation of
noxious effluvia, rendering the hot air generated in the hot air chamber I, I,
(surrounded or formed by the brickwork K, K,) perfectly pure. I consider
it essential that the hot air generated by means of my apparatus should be as
free from impurities as it is possible to be obtained by artificial means, and in
order the better to secure this object, I do not rivet or screw any of the parts
forming my apparatus together, but so arrange them (as explained) that no
one part can injure another by unequal contraction or expansion. Should the
cylinder D in which the fire is placed (or any other part of my apparatus)
become deteriorated by long use, or damaged by accident, the said cylinder, or
any other part of the apparatus can be removed and renewed, or replaced
without necessitating an entirely new apparatus. And I would further observe,

page_text: that I can cast the several parts of my apparatus in such forms or shapes as
may be required in different situations or places in which my Invention is to
be used, also the parts of my apparatus may be cast to any size to suit the
place allotted for fixing it, and one cylinder only may be used if the space
allotted be insufficient for more, or cylinders D and F may be used without
cylinder G, if from want of space or any other reason it may be found desirable
to suppress the latter. In case of using only cylinder D, or cylinders D
and F, the construction or form of the escape pipe for carrying the fire gases
to the chimney may be modified.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the means by
which I carry it into practical effect, I would have it distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth or shewn in
the annexed Drawings, as such may be modified to suit the circumstances of
particular cases, to some of which I have herein-before alluded. Nor do I
confine myself to the materials of construction herein named, as it may occur
that I should elect to use metal or pottery as casing or covering to form the
hot air chamber instead of brickwork, stone supports instead of cast-iron pillars
or columns, syphon and elbow pipes of pottery material instead of iron, and
the like, all of which may be done without departure from the principle of my
Invention; and I claim the exclusive use of the combination of parts forming,
when combined, put together, or constructed essentially as herein-before
described and shewn in the annexed Drawing, "An Improved Apparatus for
Raising the Temperature of Air, in order to Warm Churches, Conservatories,
and other Buildings or Places."
In witness whereof, I, the said John Redfern, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOHN REDFERN. (L.S.)