Woven Fabric and Warp Thread for use in Weaving the same.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug.,
1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Woven Fabric and Warp Thread for use in Weaving the same.
I, HARRY HARDWICK of 2017 East Cumberland Street, in the City of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America Carpet Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The object of my invention is to provide for using as warp threads, in the
manufacture of woven fabrics yarns such as have not hitherto been available for
such use, and this object I attain by combining a coarse yarn of such hitherto
unavailable material with a finer yarn or strand which has the effect not only of
materially increasing the tensile strength of the doubled yarn as compared with
that of the single coarse yarn, but also prevents the cutting or excessive chafing of
the said coarse yarn by the heddles or reed in the operation of weaving.
The yarns which I contemplate using are those made of mohair, short staple
wool stock, cotton, hair, or the like.
My invention is applicable to the weaving of fabrics generally, but is especially
intended for use in the weaving of cut pile fabrics in which the surface is formed
by the upturned ends of the fibres of the yarn, the presence of the fine strands being
less noticeable in this class of fabrics than in those in which the fabric is woven
with a flat warp or with an uncut pile.
In the accompanying drawing:
:-
Figure 1 is an exaggerated view of a piece of my improved yarn; and
Figure 2 is an exaggerated longitudinal section of a piece of cut pile fabric in the
manufacture of which such improved yarn has been employed,
Ordinarily, in fabrics such as damask, Brussels, Wilton, or velvet carpets, a good
quality of wool must be employed in the yarns for the warps so that the said yarns
will be strong enough to resist the tensile strain upon the warps and the scraping
or rubbing to which the said warps are subjected in their passage through the eyes
of the heddles and dents of the reed, and by reason of the contact of the warps with
each other during the shedding operation.
In carrying out my invention, however, I propose, in one case, to use for the
warp, yarn made from a low grade of wool or from mixtures of wool and hair or
other adulterant, such as are now commonly employed as weft or filling threads in
the manufacture of "Kidderminster" carpets.
Owing to the inferior character of the material, these yarns cannot be drawn to
produce fine strands, hence such yarns are coarse, and generally have a com-
paratively loose twist so that they are not adapted for use as warp threads, for the
reasons above set forth.
I find, however, that by combining the coarse yarn of such inferior wool or mixed
fibre with a finer strand or yarn, the doubled yarn, without any material increase
either of bulk, weight, or cost, is rendered sufficiently strong to effectually resist
the tensile strain to which it is subjected when used as a warp thread, and further-
more, that the fibres of the coarse yarn are held so closely together that the yarn
will not be scraped or abraded to the breaking point in its passage through the
heddles and reed or by the successive sheddings of the warp.
In Figure 1 of the drawing A represents a yarn of inferior wool or mixture such
as I have described, and B the fine yarn doubled therewith, the amount of twist
imparted to the doubled yarn being varied as circumstances may suggest, although
in practice I have found that a very light twist, say one turn in three-quarters of
an inch or an inch, is sufficient for the purpose. The fine yarn has more twist than
the coarse yarn, and the operation of doubling is preferably such as to increase the

page_text: twist of the coarse yarn to the extent of the doubling twist, the twist of the fine
yarn being increased or diminished by the doubling, depending upon whether the
twist of the said yarn is the same as that of the coarse yarn, or the reverse.
Both the coarse and the fine yarn may consist of either one or more strands,
and the coarse yarn may be of any material which, of itself, is incapable of use as
a warp thread in the manner in which the doubled yarn is to be used.
If the coarse yarn be composed of cotton, the fine yarn may be of the same
material, but if the said coarse yarn be of inferior wool, or other inferior stock, or
of mohair or other stock which, in the form of yarn, has but little tensile strength,
the tine yarn should be of different material, as for instance of cotton, linen, or even
worsted if desired, although cotton is preferred as being the cheapest, and as having
been found to be effective in practice.
The coarse and fine yarns are preferably of the same length so that the strain is
exerted upon them simultaneously.
The pile fabric shewn in Figure 2 has the usual backing fabric of interwoven
warps and wefts and pile warps interwoven with and retained by the said backing
fabric, the said pile warps consisting of the doubled and twisted yarns.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The mode herein described of producing woven fabric, consisting in first
doubling and twisting a coarse yarn of material unsuited for use alone as a warp
thread, and a finer yarn, and then interweaving weft threads with such doubled
and twisted yarns, used as warps, in order to produce the desired fabric, substan-
tially as herein before described.
2. The herein before described warp thread, consisting of a coarse yarn of
material unsuited for being used alone as a warp thread, but having a finer yarn
doubled and twisted therewith, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. The herein before described warp thread, consisting of a coarse yarn of
material unsuited for use alone as a warp thread, and a finer yarn of other material
doubled and twisted therewith, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
4. The hereinbefore described warp thread consisting of a coarse yarn of
material unsuited for use alone as a warp thread, and a finer and more closely
twisted yarn doubled and twisted therewith, substantially as hereinbefore set
forth.
5. The within described warp thread consisting of a coarse yarn of material
unsuited for use alone as a warp thread, and a finer yarn doubled and twisted
therewith, the doubling twist being in the same direction as the twist in the coarse
yarn, substantially as herein before set forth.
6. A. woven fabric composed of warp threads consisting of coarse yarns of material
unsuited for use alone as warp threads and finer yarns doubled and twisted there-
with, and weft or filling threads interwoven with such doubled and twisted warp
threads, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
7. The hereinbefore described cut pile fabric consisting of a backing of inter-
woven warps and wefts, and pile-forming warps combined with said backing
fabric, and consisting of coarse yarns of material unsuited for use alone as warp
threads, and finer yarns doubled and twisted therewith, substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.