Improvements in Settings of Brewers' and other Coppers and Pans Heated by Direct Fire.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1899
TRUVIDIONAL SIECIFICATION.
Improvements in Settings of Brewers' and other Coppers and Pans
Heated by Direct Fire.
FREDERICK MACFIE MAYNARD, 24, Howard Street, Eccles New Road, Manchester,
Professional Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The provision of a vertical combustion and diffusion chamber forming the upper
part of furnace, the vertical axis of such chamber coinciding with centre of
furnace and centre of pan bottom-the lower portion of chamber forming hood
over fire, the upper expanding some little distance below pan bottom--this
contrivance securing more perfect combustion of smoke greater economy of fuel
without undue burning of any portion of bottom of pan yet providing a perfect
central boil. In connection with the above is provided a special double ash-pit,.
the upper portion being entirely enclosed with the exception of the floor which
is formed like an ordinary furnace bottom-of fire-bars-below this being an
air-chamber communicating with the outside air. By an improved arrangement
and construction of pigeon-holes" (forming communications between diffusion
chamber and flues, encircling-lower portions of sides of pan) the ignited gasses
are more equally distributed, while the lag & rivet seams are entirely protected
from the intense heat passing. By means of suitable channels and regulating
doors air is admitted at ports situated immediately round top of furnace at june-
ture of hood with same. Other dampers & flues admit of the heat passing either
round bottom flue only or round both bottom & top flues and then into stack or
it can be drawn straight away from bottom of pan without going round either
flue or by means of a reverse draught" it can be sucked down through fire bars
into ash pit and thence by a side flue conducted to stack. Suitable doors are
provided in all the flues for the admission of air for cooling down the interior
brickwork when the reverse draught" is at work and for cleaning & inspection
purposes.
"
"
Further means are also provided for shutting off all air from air chamber to-
fire when not required.
Dated this honth Jan
T
1000
GUMITIMIN DI PUIFICATION;
Improvements in Settings of Brewers' and-other Coppers and Pans
Heated by Direct Fire.
I, FREDERICK MACFIE MAYNARD, of 24, Howard Street, Eccles New Road;
Manchester, Professional Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
[Price 8d.1

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has relation to brewers wort-boiling coppers and other analogous
coppers and pans heated by direct fire, and particularly to the settings and
furnaces of such coppers and pans, and has for its object, to concentrate the
heat of the furnace against the centre of the copper bottom, thereby obtaining
a central boil, to prevent any undue burning of the copper or pan, to ensure
perfect consumption of smoke within the furnace, and to economise the heating
fuel.
These objects I propose to attain by the employment, in the upper part of
the furnace, of a vertical combustion and heat diffusion chamber, whose vertical
axis coincides with the centres of the furnace and pan-hottom. The lower
portion of this chamber is arranged to form a hood over the fire, whilst its upper
part is expanded or enlarged at a short distance below the copper bottom, and
suitable channels and regulating doors are provided for the admission of air
into the said combustion chamber through ports or inlets situated around the
overhanging hood, at or near its junction with the walls of the furnace.
In connection with this combustion and diffusion chamber I also propose to
employ a special form of double ash-pit, conducive to the creation of a strong,
direct, vertical draught which materially adds to the efficiency of the furnace.
The upper part of the said ash-pit is entirely enclosed, with the exception of
the floor, which is formed of fire bars (like an ordinary furnace bottom) and
below this is a vertical air chamber or shaft in communication with the outside air.
Another feature of my invention consists in an improved arrangement of the
pigeon-holes or passages connecting the diffusion chamber and the flues
encircling the bottom of the pan, whereby the ignited gases are more equally
distributed whilst the lag and rivetted seams are entirely protected from the
intense heat of the furnace. Dampers, flues and other regulating devices, as
hereinafter fully described, are provided for controlling the supply of air to
the various passages and chambers.
...
"
Figure 1 of the accompanying, drawings represents a complete transverse vertical
section of a brewers wort-boiling copper having its furnace and settings arranged
in accordance with one form of my invention, the said section being taken from
the firing arch at the front, right through the furnace to the back of the structure.
Figure 2 represents a horizontal section of the structure upon the dotted line a,
Figure 1, and taken through the furnace and inlets by which air is supplied
to the air-distributing passages leading into the combustion chamber or upper
part of the furnace.
Figure represents a horizontal section on the dotted line which is taken
through the said air-distributing passages and the hood part of the combustion
chamber.
Figure 4 represents a further horizontal section of the said combustion chamber,
but taken upon the dotted line above the hood.
Figure 5 represents another horizontal section of the structure, taken upon
the dotted line a³, and coming underneath the bottom of the furnace.
Figure 6 represents still another horizontal section of the structure, this being
taken upon the dotted line e, through the flue which encircles the copper.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawings.
a is the furnace or fire place, having a fire door a', leading from the firing
arch a², and is the vertical combustion and diffusion chamber, whose axis is
vertically lignable with the centres of both the copper or vat c, to be heated,
and the fire place. The lower part ¹, is enlarged or formed into an incline-sided
circular hood, which overhangs the fire place, whilst the upper part is expanded
at 62, at a distance from the bottom of the copper. Air is supplied to the said
combustion chamber by channels or air ducts d, provided with regulating doors
such as . and from which branch passages d², proceed inwardly to the combustion

page_text: chamber and terminate in a series of ports 3, disposed preferably at the junction
of the circular hood b', with the vertical sides of the fire-place proper. In addition
to the inlet passages d, air may also be admitted into the combustion chamber
by making the arch or crown , of the fire door hollow-as shown in horizontal
section in Figure 3 and with ribs a³, arranged to form air passages, whilst a
closed top plate a", (see Figure 4) is provided. The furnace is provided with
ordinary fire bars, and with a dead plate 8, whilst disposed underneath it,
and in a direct vertical line-with-the-furnace, the conibustion chamber and the
centre of the copper bottom, is a special form of double ash-pite the upper
portion of which is separated from the lower part ², by means of a perforated
Hoor f, made preferably of narrow and deep fire bars f¹. Air is supplied to the
lower part of this ash-pit by a series of conduits g, proceeding inwardly from
a series of external air shafts y, arranged around the structure, with the upper
ends open to the atmosphere and preferably covered with gratings 2, whilst
arranged within the ash pit and, preferably underneath the barred floor f, one or
more suitable dampers may be provided for regulating the supply of air from
the ash-pit to the furnace."
"
Communication between the expanded upper part of the combustion or diffusion
chamber and the flues, encircling the lower side portions of the copper, is
established by means of a series of pigeon-holes" or passages i, arranged as
shown in Figure 6, to equally distribute the ignited gases, and each pigeon hole
is bridged by a fire-tile, upon which the lagging of the copper rests and is
thereby protected from the intense heat, so that undue burning of the copper is
prevented. From the bottom flue, the products of combustion may pass into
the main flue and thence to the shaft, or a portion of the heated products may
be directed, by suitable dampers into a top flue k, encircling the copper, or by
a further system of hye-pass or relief flues such as m, the heat may be drawn
direct from the bottom of the copper into the main flue j, without going round
either the top or the bottom flue. Further, by means of the ordinary system
of reverse draught flue » proceeding from the upper-part of-the-ash-pit air may
-be drawn-through the furnace fire bars and thence to the stack for cooling off
purposes. Suitable doors are provided in all the flues for the admission of air
for cooling down the interior brick work when the "reverse draught" is at
work, or for cleaning and inspection purposes, whilst means are also fitted for
shutting off air from the furnace altogether when not required.
When the furnace is in operation, air passes down the shafts g', and along
the conduits g, into the bottom of the vertical ash-pit, which thereby creates
a strong, direct, vertical draught and materially aids the combustion of the fuel
in the furnace. The overhanging hood of the furnace and the walls of the
combustion chamber are intensely heated by the fire, and the consumption of
the smoke is assisted by the air entering through the ports arranged in proximity
to the hood and there mingling with the products of combustion, whilst the
consumption is completed by the smoke being driven, by the strong vertical
draught from the ash-pit against the red-hot walls of the superimposed hood
arranged above the ports, whilst by the thorough diffusion of the heated gases
within the combustion chamber previous to them coming in contact with the
bottom of the copper or pan, wear and tear are greatly diminished.
It is understood that the furnace, combustion chamber, flues and passages are
lined with fire brick or other refractory material and that the furnace may be
of any cross section, but the combustion and diffusion chamber should be circular
for circular coppers and rectangular for rectangular vessels.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
First In the settings and furnaces of brewers and other coppers and pans
| heated by direct fire, the employment above the furnace grate, of a combustion

page_text: and heat diffusion chamber whose vertical axis coincides with the centres of
the furnace and pan-bottom, whilst its lower part is arranged to overhang or
form a hood over the fire, substantially as and for the purposes herein described
and set forth.
Secondly In the settings and furnaces of brewers and other coppers and
pans heated by direct fire, the employment above the furnace grate, of a combus-
tion and heat diffusion chamber, having its vertical axis coincident with the
centres of the furnace and pan-bottom and its lower end expanded or arranged
to form a hood overhanging the fire whilst its upper end may be expanded at a
distance below the copper bottom, the said chamber being provided with a series
of passages such as d, 2, and regulating devices as , for the admission of air
into it through ports or inlets situated around the over-hanging hood preferably
at its junction with the walls of the furnace, substantially as and for the purposes
described and set forth.
Thirdly: In furnaces for heating coppers and pans by direct fire, provided
with a vertical combustion and diffusion chamber as referred to in the first claim,
the employment of a double ash-pit arranged preferably in a vertical line with
the furnace and combustion chamber and supplied with air through suitable
passages or channels leading preferably into its lower part, whilst the upper part
is enclosed or separated by a barred floor or partition, substantially as and for
the purposes herein described and set forth.
:
Fourthly In the settings and furnaces of brewers and other coppers and
pans heated by direct fire, the improved arrangement of the passages or pigeon-
holes by which heat is conveyed from the diffusion chamber to the flues encircling
the pan or copper, whereby the hot gases are more equally distributed, whilst
the undue burning of the copper is prevented, substantially as described and
set forth.
Tata thin 10th
1000
:
FREDERICK MACFIE MAYNARD.
By Henry Skerrett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.