IMPROVED RESIN AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hunt and Henry Davis Pochin, both of
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Chemists, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED RESIN AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hunt and Henry
Davis Pochin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th July 1850.
We, EDWARD HUNT and HENRY DAVIS. POCHIN, both of Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED RESIN AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of resin and resinous substances manufactured by an
improved process. The improvement consists in conducting the operation of
distillation in a medium, rarified by exhaustion or otherwise, to such an extent.
as materially to reduce the temperature at which the contents of the still will
pass into a state of vapor. This principle is applicable either to the treatment
of resin and resinous substances, according to the process described in our
former Specification, or to the case in which it is required to drive off, by
means of distillation, in the ordinary way, the more volatile only of the matters
in combination with the raw material introduced into the still, leaving the resin
and resinous substances, after such matter has been driven off, in an improved
state as adapted for commercial purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Hunt and Henry Davis Pochin in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HUNT and HENRY DAVIS POCHIN, both of Salford, in the County of Lan-
caster, Chemists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Edward Hunt and Henry Davis Pochin, Her special licence that
we, the said Edward Hunt and Henry Davis Pochin, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Hunt and Henry
Davis Pochin, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
RIBINS AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES," 'upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Edward Hunt and Henry Davis Pochin, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Hunt and Henry Davis
Pochin, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
Our Invention is intended, as to one part, as a sequel to and improvement
upon an Invention described by us in a Specification filed in pursuance of a
condition in Letters Patent granted to us for "Improvements in the Treatment
and Application of Resins and Resinous Substances," and dated the Twenty-
seventh April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight. The machinery
therein described is, with the modifications herein-after mentioned, that which
we consider best adapted for carrying this part of our said Invention into
effect. The said machinery is modified by the addition to the receiver,
%

page_text: described in the said Specification as apparatus No. 1, or to the last of the
receivers, described in the same as apparatus No. 2, or to both of the
receivers, described in the same as apparatus No. 3, of an air pump or other
contrivance for creating a vacuum. With the machinery modified as herein-
before mentioned, we conduct the manufacture in every respect in the same
manner, and the effects produced are similar to those described in our former
Specification, with the following exceptions:-The materials having been
placed in the still, and the still fired, as described in our former Specification,
a vacuum is produced by the means herein-before mentioned; steam, of the
volume indicated in our said Specification, being at the same time turned into
the interior of the still, the whole of the resins and resinous substances being
thoroughly permeated and agitated by the said steam, will be driven off in
vapour, and condensed in the various receivers. The reduction of the tem-
perature at which the evaporation is conducted, and the readier exit afforded
to the contents of the still as conducted by this Invention, effect a material
improvement in the commercial value of the article produced, paleness of
color being a great desideratum in manufactured resin.
The second part of our Invention relates to a mode of manufacture in
which the more volatile matters are separated by evaporation from the resins
and resinous substances found in combination with them, but the latter are
not themselves subjected to evaporation. The machinery which we adopt for
conducting the manufacture according to this part of our Invention consists
of a vacuum pan furnished with a water jacket, and tinned or otherwise
rendered insensible to the action of crude turpentine or other raw material,
and also to the vapours which are evolved in the process of distillation. The
said pan is likewise furnished with a steam pipe leading into its interior, and
there communicating with a series of perforated branch pipes, which radiate
in a similar manner to those described in our former Specification, throughout
the entire portion of the bottom of the said pan, so as equally to distribute
steam through every portion of its contents. In connection with this pan is
a tinned copper worm, suitable for condensing the whole of the spirits of
turpentine, evolved in the process. In connection with this worm is an air-
pump of ordinary construction, for the purpose herein-after mentioned.
In preparing crude turpentine and other similar raw materials before they
are placed in the pan for manufacture, according to this process, we have
effected an important improvement. This consists in filtering them at as low
a temperature as they can be obtained in a state sufficiently fluid for the
purpose. In no case should this temperature be allowed to exceed 100°
Fahrenheit, and if the materials be such as when raised to that temperature

page_text: are not sufficiently fluid to admit of their being strained, as herein-after
described, a sufficient quantity of spirits of turpentine should be added to
them to produce the requisite fluidity. We strain the said materials twice,
the first time through a coarse sieve of copper wire tinned, and the second
through a cloth or other strainer of so fine a texture as to remove from the
said materials all or almost all of the foreign substances usually found in
mechanical combination with them. Our mode of manufacture is as follows:-
Having placed in the pan the crude turpentine or other raw materials,
prepared by straining or filtering, in the manner herein-before described, the
pan is heated to a temperature of 150° Fahrenheit by means of water intro-
duced into the jacket; at the same time the air-pump is set to work, and
steam, at a temperature of 150° Fahrenheit, generated in vacuo, sent into
the interior of the pan, when the more volatile contents of the said pan
rapidly evaporate with the steam. After the operation has been conducted
for some time in this manner, the whole of the spirits of turpentine will have
been distilled. The admission of steam is then discontinued, and the contents
of the pan maintained at about or a little above the same temperature, until
the last traces of aqeous matter have been removed. The resin or resinous
matter is then run off and received in suitable vessels, and is found almost
entirely free from color, and adapted for those uses in commerce and the arts
for which virgin rosin is usually employed, and for which resins and resinous
substances as ordinarily manufactured are found unsuitable from their impurity
and opacity.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the best means
with which we are acquainted for carrying the same into effect, we claim
the sole right to make, use, exercise, and vend resins and resinous substances
manufactured according to the process herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Hunt and Henry Davis Pochin,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight-hundred