Improvements in or relating to Organs, Harmoniums, and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Arr., 1894
Complete Speci cation Left, 19th Jan.. 1895-Accep'ed, 19th Apr., 1895
Improvements in or relating to Organs, Harmoniums, and the like.
1. CLAUDE PIERRE MARIE GAVIOLI, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris
in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
In spite of the progress or improvements made by organ-builders in the means of
automatically producing music, all attempts to enable the mechanical accompaniment
of plain-song and other church music, while observing the rhythm, have heretofore
given no practical result.
This invention relates to an apparatus which may be adapted to the key-boards
of organs and harmoniums, and by means of which any singer may become an
organist without previous study; the chords corresponding to the plain-song
notes being formed by pressing upon a lever or handle situated in front of the
apparatus, in following the rhythm of the music, and the accompaniment being
performed as by an organist.
The apparatus operates by means of perforated cards on which I mark the words
and signs indicating the value of the notes corresponding to each syllable. These
signs may be placed immediately below the words. As the cards advance, each of
these signs comes opposite a finger and thus the singer may by simply inspecting
this sign, know the rate at which he has to operate the hand-lever. He may thus
give to the note delivered by the organ its exact value.
In order to enable the accompanist, without any study, to properly perform the
musical piece, I have combined my mechanism so that the interval between one
chord and another as well as the slurred notes, the detached notes and even the
pauses, are produced automatically as perfectly and regularly as by an organist
playing directly on the key-board of the organ.
A handle projecting at say the front of the case containing the mechanism is
formed integral with the operating lever, or better, with the driving frame.
The two arms of said frame are connected by a cross-bar near their free ends;
this cross-bar serves as will be seen hereafter, to operate the several parts of the
mechanism. Said arms are connected together at their pivot ends, by a rod on
which they swing between two bearings.
Instead of employing this movable frame arrangement, I may adopt an
arrangement in which both arms are always connected at their front ends by a
cross-bar adapted to actuate the parts of the mechanism. These two arms are
pivotted in the bearings, and carry at the rear a counter-poise which tends to
return the frame to its normal position when the handle is being relieved from
pressure.
In one arrangement the frame is held by a spring which is attached to the arm
of the before-mentioned frame opposite the handle, and tends to pull the frame
upwards. The attachment of said spring and frame may be effected by means of a
hook and a pin secured to the frame.
On this same arm of the frame within the latter and in close proximity to the
fulcrum is fitted a movable piece which serves to move the cards forward. Said
piece is pivotted on its fixed axis to the frame. By means of a spring fulcrummed
on the arm or frame by a pin, the movable piece is held against the upper part of

page_text: the case, or better, tends constantly to bear against the inner face of the upper side
of the case.
Said piece is guided by its movable end in the form of a square
entering a groove preventing vibration; the same is extended towards the bottom
by an arm in a fork or slot in the centre of which is pivotted, a preferably brass
square or angle lever which, with its trident-shaped end or arm, enters three of a
row of equidistant holes formed on the card. The other arm of the square or angle
lever receives, through a blade-spring projecting and screwed under the frame or
arm thereof, the movement which compels it to advance the card the distance of a
hole whenever the lever rises.
On pressing upon the handle and when the frame begins to move down, drawn
by the bandle, the movable piece remains stationary; but the frame in approaching
the end of its stroke, comes on the projecting part of the before-mentioned slotted
arm, and carries the same with it until arriving at the end of its stroke. This
impulse of the last-named arm causes the movable piece to descend since the latter
is made integral with said arm.
The square or angle lever moves down simultaneously with the slotted arm, and
the trident leaves the holes formed on the card. But immediately said trident is
forced from say the left to the right by a spring so that when the handle, in
returning, leaves the movable piece to be acted upon by its spring, the trident will
ascend at the same time, but will not place itself in the same card holes, but
in holes more at say the right, and will push the card from right to left, until
the upper part of the square or angle lever bears against its stop formed by a yoke.
It is consequently through successive motions that the cards advance each time
the handle is operated, and the card-holes composing a chord will come over
inclined or wedge-shaped projections or noses of the keys of a small metallic
key-board provided with springs as hereafter set forth. Said inclined noses by
entering the card-holes, allow as will presently be explained, the frame to act
upon the corresponding keys of the key-board, while on the contrary the noses
arrested by the solid parts of the card, prevent any action of said frame on the
corresponding keys of the organ.
To the lower end of each key carrying at its upper part one of the before-
mentioned noses, is pivotted a rod which serves to transmit the action of the driving
frame to the organ-keys. Each metallic key is provided with a spring, the function
of which is to cause the key or rather its inclined nose to enter the card-holes.
When one of said holes is presented over a nose, the corresponding key swings
around its fulcrum and the corresponding pivotted rod is shifted to the left and
comes into position to be acted upon, at its end, by the cross-bar of the frame when
pressure has been exerted on the handle.
The ends of the last-named pivotted rods are guided each in a slot provided in a
slotted frame or bar. These slots are of a suitable depth to allow a vertical shifting
of the rods to an extent equal to the vertical shifting which is to be imparted to
the organ-keys. In the same slots provided in the slotted frame enter the curved
ends of two rows of conveniently metal levers formed of metallic blades having the
same thickness as the rods, said lever ends being in contact with the rods. Some
of the levers may be pivotted on a rod placed in a notched piece; the pivot of
the other of these levers being placed symmetrically at the opposite side of the
apparatus.
To better explain this arrangement, we will suppose the first lever in front of
the apparatus to have its fulcrum say at the right of the apparatus; the second
lever will have its fulcrum at the left. The third lever will have the same fulcrum
as the first one, and so on alternately throughout the series. To each of these
levers is fixed, below, a finger or projecting part which connect these levers with
another row of conveniently wooden levers. Each finger is secured to its corre-
sponding lever, at such a distance from the pivot of the lever, that when all
the levers are arranged in the apparatus, the fingers come close together,
retreating with relation to each other at a distance equal to the interval between
each lever.

page_text: The wooden levers above referred to, which correspond to the organ-keys are
placed in the same direction as the latter, and consequently they cross the metal
levers.
The wooden levers swing in notches provided in the wooden bar forming the back
of the frame which comes on to the key-board of the organ. By means of screws
placed at the four corners of the frame, the height to be given to the apparatus on
the key-board of the organ may be regulated. On the front part of the
apparatus, is provided a rectangular opening into which lead the ends of the
wooden levers.
This rectangular aperture provided with parallel preferably brass rods leaving
between them a certain space, and the forward end of each of the wooden levers is
located in one of these spaces, so that it is guided by the two brass rods limiting the
interval.
The wooden levers in descending under the action of the before-mentioned
projecting fingers operate a preferably wooden rod which extends throughout the
entire length of the apparatus, and is supported on four small arms connecting it
with a preferably cylindrical rod forming a fulcrum.
This
The last-named wooden rod is subjected through one of these supports,
to the action of a spring which tends to keep it constantly applied to the
end of the wooden levers so that after having been moved away by the depression
of the levers, it tends to resume its original position, preventing the levers
-which have been lowered-from moving upwards until the apparatus is again
actuated so as to depress other levers which in again moving the wooden rod
allow the levers, depressed in the preceding operation, to rise again.
arrangement enables one to produce slurred notes and to prolong the same,
even when ceasing to keep the handle depressed. On the contrary the stopping
of the action of the wooden rod on the end of the levers is sufficient to
produce ad libitum, detached notes or notes followed by pauses. Regarding the
notes which are to follow each other without any interval as it were, although not
being slurred notes, a rather great difficulty has been experienced. The operating
lever acting upon the notes only after having completed its necessary upward
and downward stroke to move the card forward, there was left a too great
interval between one note and another, thus preventing a proper musical
performance.
To overcome this inconvenience and to be able to reduce the interval between
one note and another, as far as necessary for a note which is neither a slurred nor
a detached note, I have devised the following means;—
I provide in conjunction with the wooden rod a roller connected with the fulcrum
rod by two arms; said roller being capable of revolving on its axis.
On the inner part of the frame is further secured an arm at the end of which is
provided a pawl acted upon by a spring.
This pawl acts upon the roller when the operating lever is being depressed, and
has no action when said lever moves upwards. When the operating lever is first
moved and is being depressed, the pawl, through the roller, moves the wooden rod
away from the ends of the levers, so that the levers which were depressed and held
by the piece are free to move upwards. When the pawl reaches the horizontal
plane passing through the axis of the roller, the latter may return to the right
of the example here described, as well as the wooden rod which arrests the last
depressed levers and prevents them from moving upwards. In this way, there is
a slight interval between the note or chord which was produced and the next
succeeding one.
After having removed this difficulty, there remained to supply the means of
producing the pauses by stopping the action of the wooden rod, and the means of
producing slurred notes, by stopping the action of the pawl. To this end I use
the two first levers and the corresponding inclined noses thereof.
The first key or inclined nose is designed to stop the action of the wooden rod
and the second key or inclined nose is designed to produce the slurred notes, that is,

page_text: to stop the action of the pawl. We will now examine successively the several|
mechanisms.
1. The Pauses. A preferably brass plate is fixed within the front part of the
case containing the mechanism. On this plate is articulated a bent lever, a part of
which engages with the plate.
When the card is pierced with a hole coming over the first nose, the inclined
nose enters said hole, and, through the corresponding lever, moves a rod or lever
forward until it reaches the curved part of the bent lever forming a stop. In this
movement, the appropriate rod slips in a circular aperture provided in the plate
formed integral with the finger. When the operating lever descends carrying with
it the last-named finger, the latter carries in its movement the lever, and there is a
moment where the end of said lever which not bearing against the curved part is
entirely shifted towards say the left thus permitting the corresponding inclinedl
nose to enter the card-hole.
lever.
A leaden or other suitable counterweight is placed at the end of the curved
When the operating lever moves up, the end of the appropriate rod bears
against the curved part of the bent lever.
The bent lever then tilts, and bears upon the roller. This has the effect of
moving the wooden rod away from the ends of the levers, so that the ends which
were retained by said wooden rod, move up simultaneously with the operating lever.
'This action will cease as soon as the solid part of the card causes the nose corre-
sponding to said lever, to enter the hole again; and by means of the counterpoise,
the bent lever will resume its original position.
is
2. The Slurred Notes. To the lever corresponding to the second inclined nose,
articulated a finger or flat part capable of sliding in an elongated opening provided
in the lateral plate, formed integral with the finger fixed to the inner arm of the
driving frame. As long as the card presents a solid part on the second key or
inclined nose, the flat finger will remain clear of the pawl stem, but as soon as a
card-hole comes over the key, it will ascend, under the action of its spring; the
corresponding lever swings upon its pivot, and the flat finger bears upon the pawl
stem and in the upward movement of the frame, the pawl moving up simultaneously
with the frame, swings owing to its contact with roller. The pawl stem, during
this rotation, is released from the flat finger which, being no longer retained by the
pawl, completes its stroke, and the pawl stem comes then in contact with the side
of the flat finger and cannot fall back when it has left the roller. At the next
chord assuming that the flat finger has not moved-the pawl in descending will
have no action on the roller as long as a solid part of the card does not, by
acting on the second nose, compel the flat finger to move back. By this means
I stop the action of the pawl on the roller and thereby the formation of slurred
notes.
As above stated, the inclined noses are actuated by perforated cards. The card
may be introduced into the apparatus by lifting a metal plate which is hinged and
retained, while the apparatus is operating, by means of a nut. The trident is
introduced into the first card-holes serving to carry it along. Cards of a sufficient
length for long musical pieces may be used, by folding them as practised in other
instruments having perforated cards. For canticles, where the same subject is
repeated a certain number of times, a considerable economy would be realized in
using the same perforated card for accompanying all the strophes. The difficulty
in attaining this result is due to the interval which would exist between each
etrophe during the time necessary to withdraw the card and replace the same. To
overcome this difficulty, I have devised a combined means which consists in
having two cards on each of which is contained the accompaniment of the whole
strophe. The first card is introduced in the case and the apparatus is operated.
When the last chord is given, the end of the 1st card, falls to an extent equal to
the thickness of said edge and enables the operator, after he has lifted the cover,
to move along the second card until its first hole engages the last trident tooth, and
in further operating the organ, the first card leaves the instrument while the second

page_text: card serves to operate the same. This second card may be introlucel very
rapidly without producing a too considerable interval between two consecutive
strophes.
When the mechanism is not to be disposed directly on the organ-keys I may
attach to the rear end of each key a spring which, when said key is being shifted,
acts upon the corresponding key of the organ.
1
1 1003
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
ovements in or relating to Organs, laro,
144
I, CLAUDE PIERRE MARIE GAVIOLI of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris
in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In spite of the progress or improvements made by organ-builders in the means
of automatically producing music, all attempts to enable the mechanical
accompaniment of plain-song and other church music, while observing the rhythm,
have heretofore given no practical result.
This invention relates to an apparatus which may be adapted to the key-boards
of organs and harmoniums and by means of which any singer may become an
organist without previous study; the chords corresponding to the plain-song notes
being formed by pressing upon a lever or handle situated in front of the apparatus,
in following the rhythm of the music, and the accompaniment being performed as
by an organist.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, I bave illustrated my new
device in the annexed drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a part of the case showing the feeding mechanism
for the perforated cards.
Figure 2 is a plan or top view of the apparatus showing the perforated card in
its passage at the upper part of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a section lengthwise of the perforated cards showing the arrangement
adopted for permitting the cards, without stopping the mechanism, to follow each
other successively.
Figure 3 is a cross section.
Figure is a longitudinal section.
Figure 5 is a plan view showing an alternative form of the movable frame
actuated through the outer operating handle.
Figure 6 shows the arrangement which may be adopted when it is desired
to place my apparatus, not directly on the organ key, but in front of the
key-board.
Figure 7 is a front view of the apparatus, which is supposed to be placed on the
key-board.
Figure 8 is a plan view illustrating the key-levers of the apparatus.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus showing simply the devices
corresponding to one of the levers of said apparatus and
Figures 10 and 11 relate to the arrangements for enabling short notes and
slurred notes to be produced.
The apparatus operates by means of perforated cards X on which I mark the
words and signs indicating the value of the notes corresponding to each syllable.
In Figure 2 these signs are shown placed immediately below the words.
As the

page_text: cards advance, each of these signs comes opposite a finger 1 (Figure 2) and thus
the singer may, by simply inspecting this sign, know the rate at which he has to
operate the hand-lever. He may thus give to the note delivered by the organ its
exact value.
In order to enable the accompanist, without any study, to properly perform the
musical piece, I have combined my mechanism so that the interval between one
chord and another as well as the slurred notes, the detached notes and even the
pauses, are produced automatically as perfectly and regularly as by an organist
playing directly on the key-board O of the organ. A suitable case A contains the
mechanism of the apparatus and is provided with a cover O' which is hinged
thereto at O and provided with a knob O³ for lifting it by.
The handle A', which is shown in the several views of the drawings projecting at
the front of the case A through an opening a is formed integral with the operating
lever, or better with the driving frame B.
The two armis B of said frame are connected by a cross-bar (Fig. 4) near their
free ends; this cross-bar serves as will be seen hereafter, to operate the several
parts of the mechanism. Said arms B are connected together at their pivot ends,
by a rod e on which they swing between the two bearings C.
Instead of employing this movable frame arrangement, I may adopt the arrange-
ment illustrated in Figure 5, in which both arms B are always connected at their
front ends by a cross-bar adapted to actuate the parts of the mechanism. These
two arms are pivotted in the bearings C and carry at the rear a counterpoise
which tends to return the frame to its normal position when the handle A¹ is being
relieved from pressure.
In the following description, I will assume that the arrangement illustrated in
Figures 1, 3 and 4 is adopted.
The frame Bbc is held by a spring D (Fig. 4) which is attached to the case A
at d and also to the arm B of the frame opposite the handle A', and tends to pull
the frame upwards. The attachment of said spring and frame may be effected by
means of a hook E and a pin e secured to the frame.
On this same arm of the frame B b c within the latter and in close proximity of
the fulcrum c is pivotted at 3 to the frame Bbc a movable piece F (Fig. 1) which
serves to move the cards forward. By means of a spring G attached to F and
bearing on the arm or frame B through the medium of a pin H the movable piece F
is held against the upper part of the case, or better, tends constantly to bear
against the inner face of the upper side of the case. Said piece F is guided at its
movable end by a lateral guide finger which is received in a groove or notch in
a bracket or lug 4 fixed to the case and thereby preventing vibration of the arm.
Extending downwardly from the outer end of arm F is a foot-piece I (Fig. 1) in
a fork or slot in the centre of which is pivotted a preferably brass bell-crank lever 5
which, with its trident-shaped end or arm 5ª, enters three of a row of equidistant
holes 6 (Fig. 2) formed on the card X. The other arm J of the lever 5 receives,
through the blade spring K projecting from and screwed under the frame or arm B,
the movement which compels the toothed end 5* to advance the card X the distance
of a hole whenever the movable frame Bbc rises..
On pressing upon the handle A' and when the frame Bbc begins to move down,
drawn by the handle, the movable piece F remains stationary ; but the frame Bbc,
in approaching the end of its stroke, comes on the projecting part or toe, L of foot
piece I and carries the same down with it until arriving at the end of its stroke as
indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1. This impulse of foot piece I causes the
piece F to descend, since the latter is made integral with said foot-piece I.
The bell-crank lever 5 moves down simultaneously with foot-piece I, and the
trident 5 leaves the holes 6' formed in the card; but immediately the trident is
forced from say the left to the right by a spring M (Fig. 1) so that when the
handle, in returning, leaves the movable piece F to be acted upon by its spring G,
the trident will ascend at the same time, but will not place itself in the same card
holes, but in holes more at say the right, and will push the card from right to left,

page_text: until the upper part of the bell-crank lever 5 bears against the stop formed by one
end of the yoke N (Fig. 1) secured to the arm or piece F.
It is consequently through successive motions that the cards advance each time
the handle A is operated, and the card-holes composing a chord will come over
inclined or wedge-shaped projections or noses 6 of the L-shaped keys 7 of a small
metallic key-board, pivotted at 8 and provided with springs as hereinafter set
forth. Said inclined noses 6 by entering the card-holes, allow, as will presently be
explained, the frame B be to act upon the corresponding keys of the key-board,
while on the contrary the noses 6, arrested by the solid parts of the card, prevent
any action of said frame Bbc on the corresponding keys of the organ.
To the lower end of each key 7 carrying at its upper part one of the before
mentioned noses 6 is pivotted a rod 02 which serves to transmit the action of the
driving frame Be to the levers S pivotted at g to the frame of the apparatus
(Figs. 4 and 9). Each metallic key 7 is actuated by a spring secured to the top
of the case A and bearing on the heel 7 of the key, the function of which spring
is to cause the inclined nose 6 of the key to enter the card-holes.
When one of
said holes is presented over a nose 6, the corresponding key 7 swings around
its fulcrum 8 and the corresponding pivotted rod O is shifted say to the left and
comes into position to be acted upon, at its end, by the cross-bar b of the frame Bbc
when downward pressure has been exerted on the handle A'.
Fig. 9 in which is shown the detail of one key only, will enable anyone to readily
understand the movement just referred to, which could have hardly been explained
by reference to Fig. 4 where all the parts of the mechanism are illustrated.
The ends of rods O are guided each in a slot or notch provided in a slottel
frame or bar R (Figs. 3, 4 and 9). These slots are of a suitable depth to
allow a vertical shifting of the rods to an extent equal to the vertical shifting
which is to be imparted to the organ keys. In the same slots of the slottel
frame R enter the curved ends of two rows of levers S formed of conveniently
metallic blades having the same thickness as the rods O*. As seen in Figures 4 and 9
the ends 8 of levers S are in contact with the under side of the rods 0% So ne
of the levers S may be pivotted on a rod g placed in a notched piece U
(Figs. 3, 4 and 9) of front piece T'on which the case A is mounted; the pivot of
the others of these levers S being placed symmetrically at the opposite side of the
apparatus.
To better explain this arrangement, we will suppose the first lever S in front of
the apparatus as seen Figure 4, to have its fulcrum at in the notched part U of
the front piece T; the second lever will be directed towards the left of the
apparatus instead of the right, and will have its fulcrum at the left hand end of
front-piece T which like the right-hand end also carries a notched piece U. The
third lever will have the same fulcrum 9 as the first one, and so on alternately
throughout the series, the levers of even number having their fulcra at the left end
of the apparatus (Fig. 4) and those of uneven number at the right hand end. To
the underside of each of these levers S is fixed a finger or projection 10 which
connect these levers with another row of conveniently wooden levers V (Fig. 3);
this connection is not actual as each projection 10 merely impinges against its
corresponding lever V when its own lever S descends. Each finger 10 is secured
to its corresponding lever S, at such a distance from the pivot 9 that when
all the levers are arranged in the apparatus, the fingers come close together,
being separated with relation to each other at a distance equal to the interval
between each lever S.
The levers V above referred to which correspond to the organ keys O, are
placed in the same direction as the latter, and consequently, they cross the metal
levers S.
As shown in Fig. 3, the levers V swing in notches provided in the bar W forming
the back of the frame X which is placed on the keyboard of the organ. By means
of screws y placed at the four corners of the frame, as indicated Fig. 8, the height
to be given to the apparatus on the keyboard of the organ may be regulated. On

page_text: the front part of the apparatus placed on the left of Fig. 3, is provided a rectangular
opening into which lead the ends of the levers V.
This rectangular aperture V is provided with parallel guide rods Z (Fig. 3)
leaving between them a certain space, and the forward end of each of the levers V
is located in one of these spaces, so that it is guided by the two rods, limiting the
interval.
The levers V in descending under the action of the projecting fingers 10 of
levers S operate a laterally movable stop-bar or rod a' (Figs. 3 and 7); which
extends throughout the entire length of the apparatus, as indicated in Fig. 7, and
is supported on four pivotted arms 11 connecting it with a preferably cylindrical.
rod 12 forming a fulcrum (Fig. 7).
The rod is subjected through one of the arms 11, to the action of a spring 13
which tends to keep it constantly applied to the ends of the levers V so that after
having been moved away by the depression of the levers, it tends to resume its
original position, preventing the levers V-which have been lowered-from moving
upwards until the apparatus is again actuated so as to depress other levers V which,
in again moving the rod al allow the levers, depressed in the preceding operation,
to rise again. This arrangement enables one to produce slurred notes and to
prolong the same, even when ceasing to keep the handle A' depressed. On the
contrary, the stopping of the action of the rod a' on the ends of the levers V is
sufficient to produce, ad libitum, either detached notes or notes followed by pauses.
Regarding the notes which are to follow each other without any interval as it were,
although not being slurred notes, a rather great difficulty has been experienced.
The operating frame Bbc acting upon the notes only after having completed its
necessary upward and downward stroke to move the card forward, there was left
too great an interval between one note and another, thus preventing a proper
musical performance.
To overcome this inconvenience and to be able to reduce the interval between
one note and another, as far as necessary for a note which is neither a slurred nor
a detached note, I have devised the following means;-
I provide in conjunction with the rod a¹ a roller C1 (Figures 3 and 7), connected
with the fulcrum rod 12 by two arms 14; said roller being capable of revolving
on its axis.
On one arm of the frame Bbc is further secured an arm or depending bracket d'
(Figs. 3, 4 and 11) at the end of which is pivotted a pawl e acted upon by a
spring s
When the
This pawl acts upon the roller C' when the operating frame is being depressed,
and has no action when said frame moves upwards as seen in Fig. 3. When the
operating frame is first moved and is being depressed, the pawl el, through the
roller Cmoves the rod al away from the ends of the levers V so that the levers
which are depressed and held by the piece al are free to move upwards.
pawl e reaches the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the roller, the latter
may return to the right of Fig. 3, as well as the rod a' which arrests the last
depressed levers and prevents them from moving upwards. In this way, there
may be a slight interval between each note or chord and the next succeeding one.
After having removed this difficulty, there remained to supply the means of
producing the pauses by stopping the action of the rod a' and the means of
producing slurred notes, by stopping the action of the pawl e'. To this end,
use the two first L-shaped keys or levers 7 and the corresponding inclined
noses 6 thereof.
The first key or inclined nose 6 is designed to stop the action of the rod at and
the second key or inclined nose 6 is designed to produce the slurred notes, that
is, io stop this action of the pawl e¹. We will now examine successively the
several mechanisms.
1. The Pauses, Figures 3, 4, and 10. A preferably brass plate J is fixed within
the front part of the case containing the mechanism. On this plate is articulated
a bent lever 1, the curved end of which embraces the plate J.

page_text: When the card is pierced with a hole coming over the first nose 6, the inclined
nose enters said hole, and, through the corresponding lever 7 moves the rod g'
forward (Figure 4) until it reaches the curved upper part of the bent lever!
forming a stop. When the end of rod g' touches the stop of lever 1, it stops,
and cannot then advance any farther. In this movement, the rod g' is guided iu
a circular aperture provided in the plate formed integral with the arm or
depending bracket d When the operating frame descends carrying with it the
last-named arm d' the latter carries with it the rod g'; in this movement in which
the lever does not participate the end of the rod gl slides upon the inner side of the
stop and there is a moment where having passed the lower edge of the stop it
no longer rests against the same. The rod then continues its movement towards
say the left (Figure 4) passing underneath the stop and the nose 6 corresponding
to rod g' enters the card hole then above it, this position being indicated in Figure 10
and in dotted lines in Figure 4.
When the operating frame moves up, the rod g¹ is carried along by the plate i
and bears against the stop 1 of the bent lever (Figure 10).
In striking against the stop ", the lever is caused to tilt, so that its end l' comes
in contact with the roller ((Figure 7). This has the effect of moving the rod a
away from the ends of the levers V so that the ends which were retained by said
rod move up simultaneously with the operating lever A.
This action of the
rod g will cease as soon as the solid part of the card causes the nose 6 corresponding
to the actuated key 7, to enter the hole again; and by means of the counter-
poise, the bent lever will resume its original position.
2. The Slurred Notes. To the L-shaped key or lever 7 corresponding to the
second inclined nose 6 is articulated a finger or flat part h' (Figures 3 3B and 11)
capable of sliding in an elongated opening i provided in the before-described lateral
plate . As long as the card presents a solid part on the second key or inclined
nose 6, the flat end or finger will remain clear of the pawl stem 15; but as soon
as a card-hole comes over the key, it will ascend, under the action of its spring q;
the corresponding lever 7 swings upon its pivot 8, and the flat part of the finger h
bears upon the pawl stem 15, and in the upward movement of the frame B the pawl,
moving up simultaneously with the frame, swings, out of contact with roller C.
The pawl stem, during this rotation, is released from the flat part of finger h¹ which
being no longer retained by the pawl, completes its stroke, and the pawl stem
comes then in contact with the side of the flat part of finger hand cannot fall
back when it has left the roller C. At the next chord, assuming that the finger h¹
has not moved,--the pawl in descending will have no action on the roller C' as long
as a solid part of the card does not, by acting on the second nose 6, compel the
finger to move back. By this means I stop the action of the pawl on the
roller C¹ and thereby cause formation of slurred notes.
As above stated, the inclined noses 6 are actuated by perforated cards. The
card may be introduced into the apparatus by lifting a metal plate O' (Fig. 2)
which is retained, while the apparatus is operating, by means of a nut. The
toothed or trident end of bell-crank 5 is introduced into the first card-holes
serving to carry it along. Cards of a sufficient length for long musical pieces
may be used, by folding them as practised in other instruments having perforated
cards. For canticles, where the same subject is repeated a certain number of
times, considerable economy would be realized in using the same perforated card
for accompanying all the strophes. The difficulty in attaining this result is due to
the interval which would exist between each strophe during the time necessary to
withdraw the card and replace the same. To overcome this difficulty, I have
devised a combined means which consists in having two cards, on each of which is
contained the accompaniment of the whole strophe. The first card is introduced
in the case and the apparatus is operated. When the last chord is given, the end
of the first card 18 Figure 2b having passed the edge 18' falls to an extent equal
to the thickness of said edge and enables the operator, after he has lifted the cover,
to move along the second card 17, until its first hole 6' engages the last trident
B

page_text: tooth, and in further operating the organ, the first card leaves the instrument while
the second card serves to operate the same. This second card may be introduced
very rapidly without producing a too considerable interval between two consecutive
strophes.
Figure 6.shows the arrangements which I propose to adopt when the mechanism
is not to be disposed directly on the organ-keys. In this case to the rear end of
each key V is attached a spring 19 which when said key is being shifted, acts
through the butts or shoulders 21 and 22 of piece 20, upon the corresponding key
of the organ.
The frame B instead of being operated by hand as before described may be
operated by means of a pedal, the term "manually operated" hereinafter employed
in the claims covering either or both of said arrangements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. The manipulation of the keys of an organ harmonium or similar instrument
through the media of a manually operated lever or device and a perforated card
substantially as described.
2. Mechanism which by the manual operation of a lever or other actuating device
and by means of perforated cards manipulates the keys of an organ harmonium or
similar instrument substantially as described.
3. In apparatus such as described the device for moving forward the perforated
card in order to bring successively each row of perforations thereof over a row of
inclined noses of a series of key levers comprising a fork or trident such as 5 the
teeth of which engage holes provided in the card said trident being capable of
oscillating in a fork such as I provided at its lower part with a projection with
which a driving frame such as in its descent engages and through which pro-
jection and fork the driving frame carries down the trident which being acted upon
by suitable springs inclines first in one direction in leaving the card-holes in which
it was last engaged then while moving upward enters the card-holes next in
succession to those in which it was last engaged and finally inclines in the opposite
direction to advance the card the required distance substantially as above described
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
4. In apparatus such as described the combination with mechanism such as
claimed in the last preceding claim of inclined noses such as 6 located in line with
and penetrating into holes provided in the travelling card said noses being formed
integral with levers such as 7 capable of oscillating on a pivot so as to effect when-
ever a nose enters a card-hole the horizontal shifting of a rod such as o articulated
to the lower part of the corresponding lever the end of the rod thus shifted coming
into the path of a cross bar b of the driving frame which in its downward movement
actuates thereby all the rods which have thus been shifted each of the rods
articulated to said levers being furthermore guided between the bars disposed
therefor substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In apparatus such as described the combination with mechanism such as
claimed in the preceding Claims 3 and 4 of bars such as S in number equal to that
of the inclined noses and articulated at one of their ends on the frame of the
apparatus the curved ends of said bars being situated respectively below and in
contact with the rods o articulated to the levers 7 so that the levers in their
downward movement under the action of the driving frame B press upon the
bars which in turn actuate the organ-keys through levers such as V parallel to said
keys substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In apparatus such as described the combination with mechanism such as claimed
in the preceding claims of a rod such as a' acted upon by a spring and connected
with a roller c¹ on which acts a pawl such as e articulated on an arm secured to the
driving frame B said pawl during the first part of the driving frame's descent
moving the rod away from the ends of the levers V and leaving on the contrary—

page_text: during the second part of the driving frame's downward movement-said rod free
to come over the levers depressed by said frame in order to prevent them from
moving upwards until the next descent of the driving frame substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7. In apparatus such as described the combination with mechanism such as
claimed in the preceding claims of devices for automatically moving the rod a¹
away from the ends of the levers V in order to produce the pauses said devices
comprising a pivotted lever which in swinging acts through one of its ends upon the
roller c' connected to the rod a' in order to move the latter away from the ends of
the levers V the oscillation of the lever being produced during the upward move-
ment of the driving frame B by the action-under its upper curved part-of the
rod g pivotted to the first of the series of levers 7 substantially as described and
illustrated in Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings.
8. In apparatus such as described the combination with mechanism such as
claimed in the preceding claims of devices for producing automatically the slurred
notes by preventing the pawl e from acting upon the roller c' this being effected by
the action upon the pawl-stem 15 of a rod such as articulated on the second of
the series of levers 7 substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 11 of the
accompanying drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete apparatus
for manipulating the keys of organs harmoniums and similar instruments substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of January 1895.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.