AN IMPROVED HOT AIR STOVE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Corneau, of Charleville, in the Empire of
France, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED HOT AIR
STOVE."
Sealed the 4th August 1863, and dated the 11th February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Corneau at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1863.
I, ALFRED CORNEAU, of Charleville, in the Empire of France, Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOT AIR
STOVE," to be as follows:-
or
My improved hot air stove can be charged or laid and kindled in the
morning, and will keep burning the whole day, say ten or twelve hours, without
being again touched. It is kindled at the upper part, and the fire reaches
downwards as fast as the fuel burns. By this new combination the gases are
entirely burnt down, thereby producing a saving of fuel, the principle of my
Invention being that the fire kindled at the upper part burns, firstly, down-
wards, transforming the coal into coke, and by its reascending effect transforms
the coke into ashes. The economy of fuel is so considerable, that a room of 60
cubic yards can be comfortably heated by an apparatus of small size, burning
only 12 lbs. of coal in 10 hours.
My improved stove is composed of an upright cylindrical casing, standing on
the floor, and having apertures towards its lower part through which the cold

page_text: air enters and sweeps around the internal cylindrical fire-box before issuing
out when hot through apertures cut in the upper part and lid. The bottom of
the fire-box is seated upon a horizontal partition of the casing; this bottom is
fitted with a small cylinder to establish a communication with the under part
of the casing, the latter being provided with an air-bole, which can be more or
less opened to allow more or less air to enter the fire-box through the grate set
at its lower part a little above the small air cylinder, which is fitted with a cap
to prevent ashes falling through it. The upper part of the fire-box is tightly
shut by a moveable stopper, and a little below the said stopper there is a small
moveable horizontal pipe entering the smoke pipe, which is fitted on the
casing as in common stoves. The small moveable smoke pipe is kept in its
place by a piece carried by the stopper. The fire-box is either moveable or
fixed, and is loaded or charged with pieces of pit coal or coke as big as
common walnuts, and some pieces of charcoal are laid over the fuel for the
purpose of kindling it, which being done, the stopper is put on the fire-box
and the lid on the casing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Corneau in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
CORNEAU, of Charleville, in the Empire of France, Ironfounder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Corneau, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred
Corneau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Alfred Corneau, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOT AIR STOVE," upon the condition, amongst
others, that I, the said Alfred Corneau, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Corneau, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawing hereunto annexed,
and forming part of this my Specification, and to the letters of reference
placed thereon:-
My improved hot air stove is worthy of note among those which give the
greatest amount of saving of fuel; its general arrangement allows it to be
managed with great facility, and on account of its simplicity it is of com-
paratively low price; when charged with fuel and kindled in the morning it
will keep burning during 10 or 12 hours without touching and without putting
any more fuel into it. It is made for the purpose of burning pit coal, but it can
also be fed with coke. It is kindled at the top, and the fire descends as the
burning progresses. From this new arrangement it results that the carburetted
gasses are completely burnt as they flow through the layer of burning coal,
which produces an evident saving of coal, because the inflammable gasses are
burning and producing heat, whilst in other similar apparatuses they are
utterly lost.
The annexed Sheet of Drawing is an illustration of my improved hot air
stove, shewn in vertical section. K', outer cast-iron casing or wrapper,
standing on the floor; apertures D, D, are cut at the lower part of the casing
K', for the ingress of cool air, which sweeps along the outside of the fire-
box M, where it gets hot, and egresses through upper apertures D¹ of the
casing K¹, and holes F, F, cut through the lid. The fuel is laid on a grating O,
and the lower part of the fire-box is provided at its center with a tube B,
standing over the central round hole I, which puts the fire-box in communi-
cation with the lower chamber A, the latter having an aperture C, which can
be stopped up at pleasure, or partly or entirely closed, so as to suffer more
or less air to enter and run through the fire-grate for the purpose of regulating
the burning. The ashes fall down into the space between the grate O and
bottom of the fire chamber. In order to prevent their falling into the
chamber A, the tube or cylinder B is provided with a little convex cap V.
The top of the fire-box is closely shut up by a cover H. A short tube, G, or
flue is fitted at the upper part of the fire-box; it can be removed when

page_text: required to clean the fire-box and lay the fire, but is kept in its place by the
small projecting piece Z, carried by the cover H, and is thus prevented from
falling into the fire-box. The fire-box M is either fastened within the chamber
or casing K¹ or moveable, so that it may be taken out for emptying the ashes
before loading or charging it with fuel each morning; suitable hooks X,
attached towards the top of the fire-box are used to take out the fire-box when
required. The coal to be used in laying the fire must be previously broken
into small pieces, say, as big as wallnuts, which are then put into the fire-
box M, until it is filled up to the pipe G, and some bakers' charcoal and
shavings being put over it the fire is kindled, and the cover H and upper lid
being put in their places the regular burning takes place. It must be
remarked that during the combustion the fire kindled from the top gets down
gradually, transforming the coal into coke, and then by reascending the coke
is burnt down to ashes. The saving of fuel is very important; and a room
of 60 cubic yards can be comfortably warmed with a hot air stove of my
Invention charged with but 12 pounds weight of coal, which would last
10 hours.
I claim as cf my Invention the particular arrangement and combination of
hot air stoves, substantially as herein described and illustrated on the annexed
Sheet of Drawing, for burning pit coal or coke, and by which fuel is largely
economised and a great amount of heat produced without any other trouble or
care but by charging and kindling the said stove each morning after emptying
the ashes produced the day before.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Corneau, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Signed and sealed in the presence of
L. D'AUBREVILLE, C.E.
CORNEAU, ALFRED. (L.S.)