Improvements in Bricks for the Building of Walls and Facings.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1895-Accepted. 10th Aug., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bricks for the Building of Walls and Facings.
We THOMAS SOUTHGATE of Moorbank Liverpool in the Colony of New
South Wales, Builder and HENRY GEORGE DOWNTON of Croydon near Sydney
in the said colony Brick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has been specially devised in order that brick walls and facings
might be constructed practically impervious to damp or moisture.
These improvements in bricks for the building of walls and facings consist in
constructing the bricks with flanges or recesses which will so meet or engage with
one another that the end jointings will overlap or in other words the outside
jointing will not be continued through the wall or facing but for a short distance
and will not be continuous with the jointing of said bricks within the wall. These
bricks have a facing portion preferably as a tile forming with the body of said
bricks the flanges or recesses before mentioned which extra portion or tile may be
glazed or faced or moulded or otherwise ornamented and these bricks are variously
made as stretchers headers finials and arch pieces as hereinafter particularly
described.
But in order that this invention may be clearly understood reference will now be
made to the drawings herewith in which
Figure 1 is an elevation of portion of a wall constructed of bricks according to
this invention.
Figures 2 and 3 are plans of consecutive courses of bricks as laid in construction.
Figure 4 is a front view of an arch for a door or window or other opening and
Figure 5 is a plan of same.
The other figures are details in perspective of different constructions of bricks
combined with a facing or tile Figures 6 and 7 showing the top and front and
bottom and back respectively of an end or return brick.
Figure 8 shows top and front of a stretcher.
Figure 9 shows top and front end of a header and
Figure 10 shows front and top of a three quarter stretcher all the details being
shown in perspective.
End or return bricks as shown in Figures 6 and 7 have fronts and ends A'
and A2 formed as tiles on the body A so that there is a recess A on the top
front and continued round at the cuds as marked A3 A4 A5 and A. From the
bottom a front flange A' protrudes and continues round the end as flange A³
stopping short at both its ends to form recesses A³ and A6 before mentioned. The
recesses and flanges give the brick the appearance of having a tile attached to one
side and one end thereof not quite long enough to extend the full lengths of the
side and end. The flanges are made slightly narrower than the recesses so that
when the flanges set within the recesses on being laid space will be left for the
mortar or binding material of the structure. End or return bricks are made as
shown in Figures 6 and 7 and are also made complementary to that shown that is
they are made right and left handed so far as the additional piece or tile is
concerned and right and left handed so far as the recesses and flanges are
concerned.
Where it is desired to form a reveal to receive the frames of windows or doors

page_text: return bricks A. each having no recess at one end of its corners A or A and whose
bottom flange A7 or A8 is continued the whole length or breadth of the brick as
the case may be may be used to avoid unnecessary and unsightly spaces being left
in the face of the reveal as would be the case if either corner recess appeared in
the face of the brick.
The stretchers as shown in Figure 8 have the facing piece or tile B¹ on one of its
sides which thus becomes the front and upon one side only no right or left hand
bricks are necessary.
This tile B' makes rectangular joints with the body B to
form recesses B3 B4 and B and to form flange B with the variation of thickness
or depth to allow for mortar in laying. The headers as shown in Figure 9 have
the facing piece or tile C¹ at one end only of the body C which thus becomes the
front and this facing piece or tile extends sideways to form flanges C³ and C¹ made
very slightly under the length of the recesses at ends of bricks A and B forming a
face or 'tile C the same length as the face or tile B' of brick B. The three-
quarter stretchers Das shown in Figure 10 are used for breaking bond where
required and they have face or tile D a recess D³ at one end a flange D* at the
other end and a bottom flange D'.
For arches over apertures or openings in walls we provide arch bricks Eas
shown in Figures 4 and 5 and these are of three kinds right handed left handed
and key the first having a slapping flange E2 on the right side and a recess E³ on
the left side the second being just oppositely flanged and recessed and the third or
key having flanges Eon both sides and all three sorts being more or less tapered
and having recesses at their tops to take the under flanges of the next course of
bricks in the wall.
The first or bottom course of a wall is laid upon the stone or other base course
or foundation which may have a groove or recess to receive the under flanges but
which is generally flat and requires ends or return stretchers and headers which
have no flanges protruding downwardly from their bottoms, to be used as shown in
Figure 1, but which in other respects are the same as those therein before described
with reference to Figures 6 to 10. The first course is laid say as shown in
Figure 2 the end or return brick A being a header with faces at end A² and side A¹
the next being a three quarter stretcher D whose end flange D₁ takes into the end
recess A of bridk A the spaces between the flange Dand the side of recess A
being filled with mortar as well understood. The joints are thus practically
waterproof as they are not continuous throughout the thickness of the wall that is
to say they are broken passing between the facing pieces or tiles then along the
back of said pieces or tiles and then between the remainder of the 'bricks. The
next brick in the course is alheader C of a thickness about equal to one half its
length and whose face or tile C takes in recess D³ and provides Hange or corner C³
against which takes recess Bof the next stretcher brick B. A header and a
stretcher are now placed alternately along the face of the wall being backed or
bonded by one or more bonded rows of common or ordinary bricks F to complete
the thickness of the wall. Should a return at the father end of the wall be required
an end or return brick A. with the required recesses forms the corner brick and
allows the uniform face of the wall to be continued at an angle to that already laid.
The second course as shown in Figure 3 starts with an end or return brick as
a stretcher A which has flanges A and A° on the bottom side and end (as shewn in
Fig. 6) taking into recesses A4 and A and part of recess D of the bricks of the
The flange C of the next brick (being a full size header C Fig. 9)
takes into recess. As the flange taking partly into recess D³ aut partly into
recess C³ while the other end flange C³ is ready for the recess B of the uext
stretcher B and so on alternately .headers and stretchers breaking the bond or
joints of the first course of bricks and breaking the.horizontal joints as well.
first course.
Where a space is formed by the end recess.A³ or A of two conjoining bricks
coming opposite to one another in the course as at G in Figures 2 and 3:a separate
tile piece is made to fit in between the edges of the two tile faces.
It is to be understood that we have illustrated the most useful constructions of

page_text: bricks according to this invention but that these constructions may be varied more
or less and the relative proportions of the different parts be more or less varied
without departing from the nature of this invention.
The wall is carried up by alternate courses of bricks as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
each brick presenting a face of uniform dimensions one to another and with uniform
joints which may be tuck pointed with special cements or otherwise finished.
Bricks of shorter lengths or breadths but having the necessary recesses and flanges
may be manufactured for use in varying bond and for breaking bond or joint where
desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
First. Improvements in bricks for building walls and facings consisting of
flauges and recesses adapted to engage one with another so that the jointings or
meetings will overlap or be non-continuous through the wall or facing substantially
as herein described and explained.
Second. The particular construction of brick with flanges and recesses sub-
stantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7
of the drawings.
Third. The particular construction of brick with flanges and recesses.
substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in Figure 8 of
the drawings.
Fourth. The particular construction of brick with flanges and recesses
substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in Figure 9 of
the drawings.
Fifth. The particular construction of brick with flanges and recesses sub-
stantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in Figure 10 of the
drawings.
Sixth. The particular construction of arch brick with flanges and recesses or
double flanges substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in
Figures 4 and 5 of the drawing.
Seventh. The particular combination and arrangement of recessed and flanged
bricks all together forming a wall or facing substantially as herein described and
explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of May One thousand eight hundred and ninety-five.
THOMAS SOUTHGATE.
HENRY G. DOWNTON.