Improvements in Telegraphy by Means of Electric Light.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1898
Conlete Specifcation Loft 14th Fob
1860
Accented 25th Nor
4000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telegraphy by Means of Electric Light.
I, KARL ZICKLER, of Brunn in the Empire of Austria, Professor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
In this new method of wireless telegraphy the telegraphic signals are trans-
mitted by means of lays emitted from an electric arc-light The rays of short
wave length (mostly ultra-violet rays), which the electric aie-light emits copiously,
ate those which are made use of These rays are sent out from the sending
station at intervals corresponding to those of telegraph signals, in the direction
of the receiving station, where they are made to produce weak electric waves, by
which the signals are made visible as sparks, or are made audible by a telephone
or electric bell, or if preferred, may be printed by a Morse-apparatus
The arrangement of the apparatus at the two stations requisite for this purpose
18 as follows:-
At the sending station I is an apparatus for producing the rays in the form of
an electric aic-light of suitable power, which is enclosed in a case that can be
turned round in the manner of a search light or otherwise in a vertical and in a
horizontal plane The arc-light may be regulated either by mechanism or by
hand so that the arc is always in the same place. The pencil of light thus pro-
duced 19 transmitted through an opening in the case, and projected in the direction
of the receiving station. In order to send as many rays as possible in this direction,
the employment of reflecting mirrois or of lenses or of both in combination as
requisite The lenses must then, however, not be made of glass, but of rock-
crystal, so that they may allow the ultra-violet rays to pass through them The
shutter of the emission opening is constructed of one or more suitably adjusted
glass plates, which can best be brought rapidly in front of the opening or removed
when required, by means of a pneumatic apparatus such as is used for the shutters
of photographic apparatus As soon, therefore, as the lamp is lighted, the pencil
of light is emitted even when the opening is closed, since the visible rays pass
through the glass shutter. The effective ultra-violet rays are however absorbed
by the glass plate They are only emitted when the glass shutter is removed.
By leaving the shutter open for a longer or shorter time, the ultra-violet rays
can be sent out in a manner to correspond to the dots and dashes of the Morse
alphabet. Instead of the glass plates for the shutter, extremely thin transparent
mica sheets may be used.
At the second station (II receiving station) there is a ray-receiver. This con-
sists of a tubular glass vessel which in front is closed air-tight by a quartz plate.
In this tubular shaped glass vessel two electrodes are fused, one at each of two
opposite points One of these electrodes is spherical, having a diameter of a few
millimetres, the other is a small circular disc, whose plane 18 80 inclined to the
axis of the glass vessel that the pencil of light, entering through the transparent
quartz plate, easily fall upon it, Both electrodes are covered with platinum foil

page_text: To the
and are about 10 millimetres distant from each other The air in the glass vessel
is rauified to a suitable degree or the vessel is filled with a rarified gas
glass vessel there is attached in front of the transparent quartz plate, a metal tube
in which a second tube fitted with a quartz lens is adjustable by means of a screw,
so that by adjusting the lens the rays coming through the quartz plate from the
sending station can be concentrated in a small oval, slightly illuminated spot For
the proper adjustment of the lens by daylight it 18 desuable to enclose the glass
vessel in an opaque covering, and to observe the lighting of the electrodes through
a peep-hole in the covering The electrodes are electrically connected with the
secondary windings of a small induction coil or apparatus in such a way that the
spherical electrode becomes the anode, and the disc-shaped electrode becomes the
hathode In the primary circuit of the induction apparatus, which requires to have
a sparking distance of only one or two centimetres, there is a variable resistance
coil which admits of a gradual alteration of the strength of the primary cullent
For receiving a telegram, the induction apparatus is set in operation, the variable
resistance having been beforehand so adjusted that the intensity at the electiodes
18 as yet insufficient to cause sparks to pass between them, As soon then as the
ultra-violet rays are emitted from the sending apparatus at the station I by opening
the glass shutter and fall upon the disc shaped electiode at station II, their
luminous electrical effect causes a release of the sparks which, however, cease as
soon as the projection of these rays 18 stopped by closing the glass shutter
opening and shutting at station I in accordance with Morse signals, produces also
at station II a transmission of sparks of shorter or longer duration according to
the same signals In this way the signals may at once become visible, or other-
wise electric-waves are caused by the sparks in the space surrounding the ray-
receiver coresponding to the signals By these the signals can be communicated
to an electric bell or a Moise apparatus by means of a Branly or a Marconi
apparatus or other suitable apparatus placed in proximity to the ray-receiver
the same thing may be effected by inserting a suitably constructed relay in the
secondary cucuit If the signals are to be made audible only, it is sufficient to
insert a telephone directly in the secondary encuit, and in this way with a suit-
ably constructed telephone, the signals can be made so loud as to be audible in
every part of a large ioom.
T
1
The
Or
I, KARI. ZICKLER, of Brunn in the Empire of Austria, Professor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be pei-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment,
-
The invention relates to telegraphing by rays of light of short wave lengths.
In this new method of wireless telegraphy the telegraphic signals are trans-
mitted by means of rays emitted from an electric arc-light The rays of short
wave length (mostly ultra-violet rays), which the electric arc-light emits copiously,
are those which are made use of These lays are sent out from the transmitting
station, at intervals corresponding to those of telegraph signals in the direction
of the receiving station where they are made to produce weak electric waves by

page_text: or electric bell or if preferred may be printed by a Morse-apparatus.
The arrangement of the apparatus at the two stations requisite for this purpose
is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig 1 is the ray-producing apparatus
Fig. 2 the ray-receiving apparatus.
Fig. 3 the receiver on a larger scale.
At the transmitting station I (see the accompanying Fig 1) 18 an apparatus
for producing the rays, in the form of an electric arc-light L of suitable power,
which 18 enclosed in a case that can be turned round in the manner of a search light
or otherwise in a vertical and in a horizontal plane.
The arc light may be regulated either by mechanism or by hand so that the are
18 always in the same place The pencil of light thus produced 18 transmitted
through an opening 'O in the case and projected in the direction of the receiving
station. In order to send as many rays as possible in this direction, the employ-
ment of reflecting mirrors S or of lenses or of both in combination (as is shown
in Fig. 1) is requisite The lenses must then however not be made of glass but
of 10ck-crystal, so that they may allow the ultra-violet rays to pass through them
The shutter V of the emission opening is constructed of one or more suitably
adjusted glass plates, which can best be brought rapidly in front of the opening
or removed when required by means of a pneumatic apparatus such as is used for
the shutters of photographic apparatus. As soon therefore as the lamp is lighted
the pencil of light is emitted even when the opening is closed since the visible
1ays pass through the glass shutter The effective ultra-violet rays are however
absorbed by the glass plate. They are only emitted when the glass shutter is
1emoved. By leaving the shutter open for a longer or shorter time, the ultra
violet rays can be sent out in a manner to correspond to the dots and dashes of the
Moise alphabet Instead of the glass plates for the shutter, extremely thin trans-
parent mica sheets may be used
This
At the second station (receiving station Fig 2) there is a lay-receiver
consists of a tubular glass vessel which, in front, 18 closed air-tight by a quaitz
plate p In this tubular shaped glass vessel two electrodes e¹ and are fused one
at each of the two opposite points One of these electrodes e 18 spherical, having
a diameter of a few millimetres, the other is a small circular disc whose plane
is so inclined to the axis of the glass vessel that the pencil of light entering through
the transparent quaits plate easily falls upon it Both electrodes are covered with
platinum foil and are about 10 millimetres distant from each other The air in
the glass vessel is 1a1efied to a suitable degree, or the vessel is filled with a rare-
fied gas. To the glass vessel there is attached in front of the transparent quartz
plate a metal tube in which a second tube fitted with a quaits lens l¹ is adjustable by
means of a sciew, so that by adjusting the lens the rays coming through the quartz
plate from the sending station can be concentrated in a small oval, slightly illumin-
ated spot For the proper adjustment of the lens by daylight it is desirable to enclose
the glass vessel in an opaque covering and to observe the lighting of the electrodes
through a peep-hole in the covering. The electrodes are electrically connected
with the secondary windings of a small induction coil oi apparatus
in such a way
that the spherical electiode el becomes the anode and the disc shaped electrode e
becomes the cathode In the primary circuit of the induction apparatus which
requires to have a sparking distance of only one or two centimetres there is a
variable resistance coil R which admits of a gradual alteration of the strength of
the primary current. For receiving a telegram the induction apparatus is set
in operation, the variable resistance having been beforehand so adjusted that the
intensity at the electrodes is as yet insufficient to cause sparks to pass between
them. As soon then as the ultra-violet rays are emitted from the transmitting
apparatus at the transmitting station Fig. 1, by opening the glass shutter and fall
upon the disc shaped electrode at the receiving station Fig. 2, their luminous
electrical effect causes a release of the sparks which however cease as soon as the

page_text: projection of these rays 18 stopped by closing the glass shutter The opening and
shutting at the transmitting station Fig. 1, in accordance with Morse signals pro-
duces also at the receiving station Fig. 2, a transmission of sparks of shorter o
longer duration according to the same signals. In this way the signals may at
once become visible or otherwise electric waves are caused by the sparks in the
space surrounding the ray-receiver, corresponding, to the signals. By these the
agnals can be communicated to an electric bell or a Morse apparatus by means of
a Branly or Marconi apparatus or other suitable apparatus placed in proximity
to the ray-receiver. Or the same thing may be effected by inserting a suitably
constructed relay in the secondary circuit. If the signals are to be made audible
only, it is sufficient to insert a telephone directly in the secondary circuit, and in
this way with a suitably constructed telephone the signals can be made so loud
as to be audible in every part of a large room
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a system of wireless telegraphy, the combination of a transmitting
apparatus having means for producing and intermittently projecting a pencil of
ultra-violet rays in the direction of a receiving apparatus, and a receiving apparatus
having an an tight electrode chamber having rarefied gas therein, a disc shaped
cathode electrode to receive the rays, projected from the sender and an anode
mounted in proximity to said cathode and means for utilising the sparks produced
between the electrodes by the ultra-violet rays substantially as described.
2. A system of telegraphing by means of rays of light of short wave length
proceeding from a transmitting station and liberating electric sparks at a receiving
station, characterized by electrodes e¹ e fixed in a chamber r filled with rarified
air or gas and completely closed and connected by clamps with the secondary
coil of an induction apparatus, wherewith the difference of potential can be regu-
lated by a resistance R inserted in the primary circuit.
3. In the system described in Claim 1, the plate shaped form of the one electrode e
for the purpose of concentrating upon a specified spot the rays which fall upon it
Dated this 10th day of Feb.
1000
Inn палт
OTITA
nunc
UL
у
ATON TOOT
WM P THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool & London, Patent Agents