Improvements in Machinery and Appliances for the Manufacture of Aërated Water..
Year: 1889

page_text: ate of Application, 30th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1890-Accepted, 5th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery and Appliances for the Manufacture of
Aërated Water..
I, JOHN PERKINS JACKSON of 63 Duke Street Liverpool Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
,
My apparatus for the manufacture of aerated or more strictly carbonated water.
consists of the parts hereinafter described, most of which are more or less old but
I rearrange, recombine & improve them & so obtain more perfect results & a saving in
time & materials.
I prefer to place the whole of the apparatus on one base plate or in one group &
make one apparatus of the whole, but such juxta-position is not essential & may
be departed from.
In the same way, though I prefer to use the whole of them in one complete apparatus
I do not of course restrict myself to such use & combination only as some of the
improvements & parts specified are not essential & are of value in themselves.
I will describe in detail an apparatus made according to & comprising my invention.
In doing so it will be necessary to also describe parts which are not new & which are
common to existing machinery.
No soda water apparatus is generally considered complete without a pump & the one
that I employ is made as follows:-
:-
It is a vertical double-action pump & its special features are in the pump barrel &
the valve box. The pump has a stout bracket or brackets at the back through
which it is bolted on to the pedestal or framework of the machine. The pump barrel
which is fitted with a removeable cover is bored out to receive the piston, the rod of
which works through the stuffing box, in the cover in which there is room left for
packing, the cover being fitted with an extra screw down gland or if preferred the
piston can be made to enter from below. The piston is then connected by means of a
connecting rod to the shaft. At the other end of the piston rod & forming the piston or
plunger are doubled cup leathers which are capable of being expanded by screwing up
the internal wedge pieces or leathers by means of a nut screwing on the end of the
piston rod.
The valve chambers are divided into two delivery & suction & the latter is again
divided into two by a feather. There are two suction openings but these can if desired
be formed into one.
The suction chambers are connected, one to the bottom of the pump barrel through
a straight port, the other by a port running up alongside & into the top of the barrel.
Thus as the piston lifts on the upstroke from the one chamber, on the downstroke it
draws from the other chamber. When it is desired to only use half the volume
capable of being delivered by the pump by closing the cock on either suction pipe the
pump will then only draw on the one stroke, up or down as the case may be.
The valve seatings in the delivery chambers are screwed into the valve box itself so
enabling them to be taken out & allowing the suction valves to be got at.
Also on
the underside of the delivery valve seatings are guards cast so as to regulate the lift of
the valves in the suction chamber. The valves I prefer are ordinary leather seating
valves. The covers of the delivery valve chamber are screwed into the flange & have
bexagonal tops for easy removal.
When I wish to dispense with the port running up alongside the pump I require to
use two valve boxes, one at each end of the pump. I also do not always have the
valve box cast on to the pump, but I sometimes have two separate valve boxes each of
them removable & one screwed on or into each end or top side & bottom of the pump.

page_text: It has been usual to have two cocks to a single action soda water pump, in the
same ratio there would be four to a double action one but I reduce this number to
two or even to one. I make the cock two-way, that is to say it receives gas & water
through two ports in the shell of the cock & this gas & water enter into the
interior of the hollow plug & pass out below & thence to the suction valve of the pump.
By more or less turning the handle controlling the plug & which plug may be fitted
with a graduated dial, more or less gas or more or less water can be allowed to enter
the plug & pass to the pump. I arrange the ports in such a way that they are not
both open at the same time & in proportion as one is opened more widely.the other is
proportionately closed.
Thus as the turning of the cock opens the gas port it shuts the water port & vice
versa. So at the same time half water & half gas can be let in or three quarters
of one to one quarter of the other according to the wish of the operator. The cock
bears a suitable indicating dial plate & pointer.
I construct both single-action & double-action pumps on what is known in beer
cocks as the syphon principle, that is to say that the inlet cock or cocks for gas
& water is or are made to vent or admit air to the pump or its valve box. I effect
this as follows. I make a small opening through the valve box below the exit valve
& attach thereto a small piece of metal tubing which I carry to the gas & water cock
& attach it to the casing of the cock. I now turn off the gas & water cock by
turning the plug & make a hole through the casing or through the upper or solid
part of the plug of the cock & then through the opposite casing or shell & out into
the passage of the metal tubing.
By this means when the plug is in this position or "off" there is a through com-
munication between the outer atmospheric air & the interior of the pump & so
whenever gas & water are shut off from the pump the pump barrel itself is
automatically vented. If the pump is kept at work when the supplies are shut off
instead of heating taking place or air being sucked in or through the stuffing boxes &
being forced into the condenser air will simply be drawn from the outer atmosphere
through the hole in the cock into the pump, & will be driven out the same way.
Of course if I wish both halves of the pump to be on this syphon principle I must
have two of the connecting tubes & if I use a two-way cock or cocks both tubes must
vent through it or them. The pump delivers into the condenser or cylinder which I
make vertical and fitted with the usual pressure guage, safety valve & water guage.
I lead the water & gas into it by two passages. In or about the centre of the inside of
the cylinder a tube rises & terminates in a fine rose or spreader nearly at the top of
the cylinder, & a portion of the water & gas passing into the cylinder is led into
this tube.
Inside on the base plate of the cylinder is another rose & the remaining portion of
the gas & water pass upwards through this rose.
When work commences the pump forces gas & water through these two roses till
the cylinder is about half-full of water. The action then is that the gas & water
passing through the tube & rose thoroughly syringe out or away the gas which is
collecting at the top of the cylinder whilst meantime the water collected in the lower
part of the cylinder is thoroughly agitated by the gas & water passing in through the
lower rose.
In the upright form of cylinder without agitators there is a tendency for the aerated
water after having been once charged with gas to become dead or still owing to the
fact that no agitation or aeration with gas of the lower portion or stratum of water in
the cylinder takes place but as already described I lead the water & gas through the
bottom of the cylinder & allow them to rise or bubble up through the mass of aerated
water & so keep the lower stratum of water in agitation & wash or spray out the top of
the inside of the cylinder. Thus one portion of the gas & water passes through the
base plate of the cylinder & bubbles from the bottom or nearly from the bottom of the
cylinder by which means the lower strata of aerated water are kept in a state of
agitation & the other portion is led up a tube in the centre of the cylinder which

page_text: terminates in a rose & the gas & water passing up it are shot out & upwards & spray out
the top of the cylinder: Thus by the combination of these two methods, viz. by acting
upon the top & bottom of the inside of the cylinder simultaneously, I obtain a more
perfect incorporation of the gas & water than would otherwise be the case. The lower
orifice or opening for the entry of the gas & water should as described terminate in a
rose or other suitable arrangement which will permit of the inflowing gas & water
operating upon the whole or nearly the whole of the lower stratum of aerated water.
The discharge or aerated water exit from the cylinder to the filling machine may be
made at any suitable position which will not interfere with the inflow of the gas
& water.
If a single action pump is used I divide the single stream of gas & water so as to
flow in about equal parts into the two inlet passages but if a double action pump is
used I can alternatively let one half of the pump deliver into one passage & the other
half into the other or can in each case divide the stream of combined gas & water.
As in the double pump already described it is the upward delivery of the piston that
contains most gas, that is the portion or delivery that should by preference be
discharged through the lower rose & vice-versa. By the arrangement described the
inside of the cylinder is kept in a constant agitation & the gas & water are blended
more effectively than in the ordinary way. The gasometer from which the pump sucks
its gas
is very similar to those generally in use consisting of a suspended copper bell
rising & falling in a tub partially filled with water. Instead however of having the
top of the bell simply dome-shaped I make a small cap or hood of copper to stand up
from its centre or apex. When the bell is in its lowest position resting upon its
supports on the bottom of the tub the water should entirely cover the bell with the
exception of the hood which should stand out of the water. To the highest point of
this hood is attached the blow off cock for air & the usual pipe which draws gas out of
the bell to the pump & the turned down pipe which supplies gas from the generator
should both of them rise above the level of the water into the interior of this hood.
It will thus be seen that when the operation of charging the bell with gas commences
if the bell is sunk below the level of the water there is only this small cap or hood to
be emptied of atmospheric air & after that the bell should contain pure gas.
The acid server which supplies acid to the generator for the manufacture of the
gas consists of a lead lined or earthenware cistern somewhat similar in shape to a coal
bucket is pivotted mouth-upwards; at the back of the vessel is secured a strong
lever or handle which may be of iron & is provided with a series of holes passing
through it. The lever is made slightly crescent shaped or curved, its far end pointing
downwards & being provided with a weight. A cord is fastened to the top of the
bell of the gasometer & passes over pullies in the ceiling of the factory. The other
end of the cord carries a hook which is passed through one of the holes of the
lever. The acid vessel is made to hold a certain proportioned quantity of acid &
this quantity having been allowed to flow into it from a cock above; the apparatus is
ready to work. From the bottom of the acid tank a lead pipe passes to the generator
as is usual. As the gas in the gasometer is consumed & the bell falls the cord
attached to it correspondingly pulls & tilts the acid cistern & causes a supply of acid
to flow into the tank & thence into the generator. Fresh gas is then generated
the bell rises, the weight brings the lever down into position again as more acid is
poured out until the bell shall again have fallen.
The book may be attached to any one of the holes in the lever so as to cause
more or less acid to be tilted & a certain amount of slackness may be given to the
cord.
To make the gas both acid & whiting are necessary. I measure the latter by the
apparatus described later on & it then falls into the whiting mixer. This consists of
a tub open at the top, with a vertical spindle pivotted in its centre & carrying arms or
blades.
Across the top of the tub a horizontal shaft works in bearings & has fast & loose
pulleys attached. The horizontal shaft operates upon the vertical spindle. by means
of a pair of centre wheels. The whiting & a suitable quantity of water having been

page_text: let into the tub the horizontal shaft is set in motion & the vertical spindle as it rotates
churns up the whiting & water into the consistency of thick cream. A cock at the
bottom of the tub is then opened & this mixture flows along a syphon pipe into the
generator.
At the top of the whiting mixer I generally make a platform or framework which
I in some cases also completely cover in & work from the outside. It is on the
principle of the household cinder-sifter. Inside the box or framework is a sieve
into which the whiting is placed & as the sieve is worked to & fro the whiting falls
into the mixer below. I sometimes have a part of the platform or box onto which the
sieve can be pulled or placed & the lumps can then be conveniently broken up or
removed.
The generator constructed as already described has at its upper part the large
inlet for the whiting & water & another inlet for the acid. It has also the outlet for
the gas generated. In its lower part it has the outlet for the spent whiting & water.
This consists of a cock terminating in a swan neck or syphon pipe whereby the air
is not allowed to enter as the spent whiting passes out.
In the lower hend of the swan neck is a screw plug for cleaning &c.
The generator is quite anti-atmospheric in its working. Thus when a charge of
whiting & water is exhausted or spent the outlet cock at the base of the generator is
opened. Simultaneously the cock in a pipe running from the top of the generator to
the interior of the gas bell or passing simply from the interior of the gas bell to form
a junction with the pipe leading gas from the gas tub to the cylinder is opened the two
cocks being preferably operated by one lever & gas from the gas bell streams into the
generator as the spent whiting passes out.
At the junction of these two mentioned pipes it may be simplest to have a two-
way or a two into one cock so as to open one of the cocks & shut off the other & so
prevent water being sucked back to the generator from the cylinder.
The spent whiting having passed out of the generator the mixture of whiting &
water is now let in from the whiting mixer, the cock of the tub is turned off &
the cock of a water pipe branching into the large whiting & water pipe can be turned
on & the large pipe so swilled out.
The acid measure is filled with acid & tilted a little by hand till the gasometer
bell rises whereupon the lever of the acid measure is attached to the cord of the
gasometer bell.
The mechanism to deliver an exact charge of whiting into the whiting mixer &
thence to the generator consists of a hopper or funnel shaped shoot. It is fixed in a
vertical position & has a mechanism in the form of a powder flask arrangement. There
are two slots in the shoot at a fixed distance apart & a door slides in each of these
slots. These slides are attached one to each end of a rod & in the centre of this rod
is a shaft on which the rod pivots.
By this means when one of the slides is in the shoot the other is out of it & vice-
versa & the sliding in & out is operated by means of a handle & weight attached to
the shaft.
On pulling the handle the charge of whiting between the two shoots falls down
into the generator or whiting mixer & on leaving go of the handle the weight shuts
the lower slide & opens the upper one, whereupon the whiting which is in the funnel
shaped portion of the shoot falls down between the two slides.
By this means at each pull down of the handle a measured charge of powdered
whiting is let down from the store overhead or vice versa this action takes place at
each rising of the handle.
The form of agitator I prefer in the generator is one made on the Archimedian screw
principle that is to say a central spindle & winding round it & secured to it a spiral
blade somewhat in the form of a screw propeller. Thus as the spindle is turned the
blade lifts off the bottom of the generator the thick whiting, or if it is very hard it
in a manner ploughs or scoops it up.
To regulate the flow of the acid out of the acid server that is to prevent a splashing
as it first begins to tilt I either cover over the greater or a great part of the top towards
'

page_text: the spout & leave only a small hole at the spout or I additionally draw all the acid
from the bottom of the acid server.
I do this in the case of the lead acid server by running a lead pipe down inside along
the spout end of the bucket.
The pipe is open at the bottom & where it passes out through the hole of the spout
it is soldered to & makes a joint with the cover. By this means all the acid that is
poured out passes up from the bottom of the bucket & flows out at almost the same
speed however much tilted. When the bucket is of earthenware I carry out the same
principle in the clay.
It will be noticed that the principle of my acid server is practically that I do away
with the acid cock now in use for automatically regulating the acid supply.
:
My system can therefore be varied in many ways. For instance I can have a
cistern to hold a stipulated quantity & fitted with a valve outlet to the generator, the
spindle of the valve being connected with the bell of the gasometer it is lifted & falls
in unison therewith & so lets out acid as required. The valve in this case requires
to be heavily weighted & should be of lead, glass or earthenware. Another modifi-
cation of the same idea is to have a cistern with a division across the inside, dividing
it into a larger & a smaller cistern. The smaller one has an outlet at the bottom to the
generator the larger one is filled with acid. I now have a swinging lever, one end
of which is attached to the gasometer bell by a cord. The other end carries a block
of lead or earthenware which dips into the large acid vessel & displaces. acid which
flows over the dividing partition & thence into the generator.
In order to notify to the attendant the approaching utter consumption of the acid
I either fix an electric bell in such a manner that the pusher is depressed & the bell
rings at the moment when the acid is almost consumed or I preferably use an ordinary
house bell. I carry a cord from the gasometer bell round a drum or pulley & to
this drum a crank or tappet is attached. When the bell has fallen to a certain degree
shewing that no more acid is left the drum has been correspondingly rotated & the
tappet is brought into play. It strikes a lever preferably kept in place by a spring & as
the lever is released again & flies back into position it strikes a lever fixed to the
spindle on which the bell is hung & causes the bell to ring.
;
In the form of the acid feed which as already described is operated by displacement
I sometimes make the acid chamber round & let the acid flow over the edges or out
of a spout or hole at a lower level than the rim. The displacing body can then be
round & of a size to suit & can have a hole or cavity at its centre or side & so slide up
& down upon a rod or guide which is fixed to the bottom or side of the acid chamber.
The displacing body being made of a regular shape throughout for each inch or degree
that it descends it will displace a regulated quantity of acid. When I fit this pattern
to the American or high-pressure form of generator the acid feed should be at the
top of & sometimes inside the body of the generator itself. The displacer is then
attached to a spindle which passes through a screwed bush or stuffing box in the top
of the generator or acid box itself & at each revolution of the spindle which is then
operated by hand a regulated quantity of the acid is displaced & flows into the
lower part of the generator. To economise materials I do not always make the acid
box as previously described entirely cased in & lead lined but I suspend the acid tilt
on trunnions & let the acid be discharged down a funnel to the generator. By this
means in place of the box only a light framework to carry the acid tilt, to support
the back lever & to carry the funnel are required.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery and Appliances for the Manufacture
of Aerated Water.
I, JOHN PERKINS JACKSON of 63 Duke Street, Liverpool, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relating to apparatus for the manufacture of aërated water or more
strictly carbonated water consists as hereinafter described of an improved combination
and arrangement of parts whereby a saving in time and materials and better results
are obtained than with apparatus hitherto employed.
-
The whole of the apparatus may be arranged on one base plate or in one group so
as to constitute one complete apparatus but as some of the parts are capable of being
used independently of the other parts they may be provided with separate base plates
if desired.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents the combined apparatus
according to my Invention arranged in a single group.
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are sectional views of a double acting pump which I employ for
pumping the water and gas into the aerated water cylinder or receiver-Figure 2
being a vertical section on the line 1-2 Figure 3-Figure 3 a vertical section on the
line 3-4 Figure 2 and Figure 4 a horizontal section on the line 5-6 Figures 2 and 3.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a vertical section and a horizontal section of a cock
for regulating the proportions of the mixture of gas and water pumped into the
cylinder or receiver.
Figure 7 is a detached view of the whiting server.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of an acid server by which acid is supplied to the
gas generator.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of a modification thereof and
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation of a combined high pressure gas generator and
acid server.
Referring to Figure 1, A is a vessel in which whiting is mixed with water to be
supplied, in combination with acid, from an acid server B, to the gas generator C in
which the whiting and acid are intimately mixed to generate the gas. The gas as it
is generated is collected and stored in a gas holder D from whence it is pumped, in
combination with water, by the pump E into the aërated water cylinder or container F.
The pump E as shown in Figures 3 and 4 is provided with a bracket or brackets G
by which it may be bolted to the pedestal or support H of the cylinder F or to other
suitable support. The pump barrel is fitted with a removeable cover provided with a
stuffing box through which works the piston rod 1. The piston which may be either
formed on or keyed to the rod I is fitted with doubled cup leathers L expanded so as to
fit the bore of the barrel by screwing up wedge pieces by means of a nut on the end
of the piston rod.
The pump is provided with two delivery valves a a² and two suction valves 6 6² also
two delivery passages C (3 and there may be provided two suction openings or
passages if desired but in the drawing I have shown only one (d) communicating with
the two suction valve chambers M M³.
The chamber M communicates directly with the bottom of the pump barrel by a
straight port or passage N and the chamber M communicates with the upper end of
the barrel by a port or passage N' extending up the side of the barrel.
The seatings e e² for the delivery valves a a² are screwed into the valve box so as to
admit of their ready removal to gain access to the suction valves 66 when required.
On the underside of the delivery valve seatings are stops ff' to govern the lift of the
suction valves. The delivery valve chambers 002 are provided with removeable
covers 9 9² capable of being easily removed to get to the interior of the chambers and
are provided with stops h h³ to govern the lift of the delivery valves a a².
If desired, instead of the port N2 extending up the side of the pump, there may be

page_text: arranged two valve boxes one at each end of the pump barrel and instead of casting
the valve boxes on the pump barrel as shewn, they may be separate castings
removeably attached to the pump barrel. Connected to the suction opening d is a
pipe (Figure 1) communicating with the discharge passage k of a two way cock
(Figures 5 and 6) the plug m of which is hollow and provided with two ports or
passages n n² corresponding to two ports or passages p p² in the shell of the cock.
One of these latter ports (that marked p² in the drawing) is in communication by the
pipe q with the gas holder D and the other port (p) is connected by a r to a
pipe
water cistern 2 or other source of water supply. The passages or ports n n² are made
of such a length (circumferentially of the plug) with reference to the ports p p² that
by turning the plug by means of the handle Y in one direction or the other one of the
ports p or p² may be more or less closed while the other remains fully open whereby
the proportions of the gas and water passing through the cock may be regulated as
required. For example as shewn in the drawing when the plug is turned in the
direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 6 from the position shewn, the port p³ may
be more or less closed so as to reduce the passage for the gas while the passage p for
the water remains fully open whereas by turning the plug in the reverse direction the
passage p for the water may be more or less closed an I the gas passage p² remain full
open so that the proportion of water and gas passed through the cock may be regulated
as required.
The cock is provided with a graduated dial U and pointer V or other convenient
means for indicating the position to which the plug has been adjusted.
By this arrangement of the ports in the cock half water and half gas can be
admitted to the pump or three quarters of one to one quarter of the other or any other
proportions according to the wish of the operator and when desired the supply of
water and gas may be cut off by bringing the blank parts W of the plug opposite the
ports p p. When the plug m of the cock is in the position to cut off the supply of
both gas and water communication between the outer atmospheric air and the interior
of the pump is established by a passage X in the plug coming opposite a similar
passage in the shell of the cock so that whenever gas and water are shut off from the
pump the pump barrel itself is automatically vented so that if the pump is kept at
work the parts do not become heated and air is not sucked in or through the stuffing
boxes into the cylinder or receiver F but is simply drawn from the outer atmosphere
through the cock into the pump and then driven out again.
vice versa.
Acid and whiting are employed to generate the. gas and in order to supply the
whiting in the required quantities into a mixer I employ a measurer for the whiting
which is illustrated in sectional elevation in Figure 7 and consists of a hopper or
funnel shaped shoot Sx fixed in a vertical position and having two slots tu arranged
at a certain distance apart and in which are fitted sliding valves vw attached one to
each end of a rod or double armed lever a pivotted to the shoot S*. When the slide v
is in the shoot so as to stop the passage there through the other slide w is out and
These slides may be operated by means of the handle y and a weight the
latter tending to maintain the slide w closed or in the shoot so that on pulling the
handle y the slide w is withdrawn and the charge of whiting contained between
the two slots t u falls down into the whiting mixer, that above the slot t being simulta-
neously cut off by the slide v but on releasing the handle the positions of the slides v
& wo are reversed by the weight 2 the lower one w being then closed and the upper one
opened whereupon the whiting which is in the funnel shaped portion of the shoot falls
down and fills the space between the two slots tu. By this means each time the
lower slide w is opened or withdrawn a measured charge of powdered whiting is dis-
charged into the mixer which is illustrated partly in section in Figure 1, and consists
of a tub A provided with a vertical spindle 3 carrying arms or blades 4. The spindle 3
is rotated by means of gearing 5 from a horizontal shaft 6 working in bearings on the
tub A and driven from any suitable prime mover by a strap passing round the
pulley 7.
Whiting from the whiting server last described and a suitable quantity of water

page_text: having been let into the tub A by the pipe 2 the arms or blades 4 are set in motion
thereby producing a churning action which is continued until the whiting and the
water assume the consistency of thick cream. A cock 8 in a syphon pipe 9 attached
to the bottom of the tub A is then opened and the mixture allowed to flow along the
syphon pipe 9 into the gas generator C. The top of the whiting mixer may if desired
be provided with a platform or framework which may completely cover it and inside
this framework may be fitted a sieve on to which the whiting is fed and to which a
to and fro shaking motion may be given from outside the frame and thereby prevent
lumps or stones entering the mixer below. This sieve may be fitted so as to be
capable of being withdrawn to conveniently remove or break up the lumps which will
not pass through the sieve.
One form of acid server which may be employed for supplying acid to the generator
for the manufacture of the gas is illustrated at B Figure 1 and consists of a lead lined
or earthenware cistern 10 in which is pivotted a vessel 11 of lead earthenware or
glass. To the vessel 11 is secured a lever or handle 12 which may be of iron and is
provided with a series of holes 13. This lever is preferably made slightly curved its
free end pointing downwards and being provided with a weight 14. A cord or wire 15
is connected by a hook to this lever the said cord passing over guide pulleys 16 and
attached by its opposite end to the bell P of the gasometer D. The acid vessel 11 is
constructed to hold a certain quantity of acid which may be supplied thereto in any
convenient manner. From the bottom of the tank 10 a lead pipe 17 (provided with
a seal or syphon bend 17*) passes to the generator C. As the gas in the gas holder
is consumed and the bell P falls the cord 15 attached to it raises the lever 12 and tilts
the vessel 11 causing a supply of acid to flow into the tank 10 and thence through
the pipe 17 into the generator. Fresh gas is then generated which passes from the
generator C into the gas holder D by the pipe 18 whereupon the bell P rises, the
weight 14 on the lever 12 restores the vessel it to its normal vertical position and no
more acid is poured out until the bell P again falls. The cord 15 may be attached to
any one of the holes in the lever 12 so as to cause more or less acid as required to
be tilted into the generator.
The gas generator C has at its upper part a large inlet 19 for the whiting and
water and a smaller inlet 20 for the acid. It has also the outlet 21 for the gas
generated. In its lower part it is provided with an outlet at 22 for the spent
whiting and water. To this outlet is attached a syphon pipe 23 fitted with a
cock 24. The syphon pipe 23 prevents the entrance of air to the generator during
the withdrawal of the spent whiting. In the lower bend of the syphon pipe 23 is
a screw plug 25 for facility of cleansing the syphon also in the syphon pipe 9 a
similar plug is fitted.
When a charge of whiting and water is exhausted or spent the outlet cock 24 is
opened whereupon gas from the gas holder enters the generator by the pipe 18*
provided for the purpose thereby permitting the spent whiting to pass out.
The spent whiting having been discharged from the generator a fresh charge of
whiting and water is admitted from the whiting mixer A to be mixed with acid
admitted thereto from the server B which at the commencement is operated by hand
but afterwards by the gas bell P.
The form of agitator I prefer to employ in the generator for mixing the acid with
the whiting consists of an Archimedian screw 26 mounted on a central vertical
spindle 27 which may be rotated by hand if desired but is preferably driven by
gearing as shewn. The screw as it rotates lifts from the bottom of the generator the
thick whiting and thoroughly mixes it with the acid and water.
To ensure the acid flowing gently from the vessel 11 and without splashing when
the said vessel is tilted I either cover over the greater part of the top of the said
vessel as shown in Figure 1 leaving only a small hole at the spout or I may entirely
close the top of the vessel as shewn in Figure 8 (which is mounted on trunnions and
operated in a similar manner to that described with reference to the vessel 11 Figure 1)
and I provide an opening at 32 for charging the vessel with the acid which opening

page_text: may be closed by a plug having a vent hole therein to admit air to the interior of the
vessel as its centents are discharged. In this case the acid is discharged through a
pipe or passage extending from near the bottom and up one side of the vessel as
shown at 30 and down the outside of the vessel a short distance as shown at 31.
This pipe or passage opens near the bottom inside the vessel so that when the vessel
is tilted the acid passes up this passage from the bottom of the vessel and flows out
at almost the same speed at any stage of the operation (i.e. whether much or little
acid is in the server).
To economise material, the vessel 10 may be dispensed with and the vessel 11 be
suspended on trunnions in a light framework so as to tilt and discharge the acid
directly into a funnel by which it is conducted to the generator.
By means of this improved acid server, acid cocks now ordinarily used for
automatically regulating the acid supply are dispensed with, which is an essential
feature of my invention and may be effected in a variety of different ways. For
instance, I may provide a cistern such as R in Figure 9 to hold a stipulated quantity
of acid and provided with an outlet passage S leading to the gas generator. In the
vessel or cistern R is a weighted plunger or acid displacer T which may consist of
a hollow vessel of glass containing shot as shewn and connected by the cord 15
to the bell P of the gas holder D the said cord 15 being preferably guided by
pulleys 15* so that when the bell is lifted by the gas entering therein, the plunger T
is also elevated, and as the gas is consumed, the hell P falls and permits the plunger T
to descend into the acid in the cistern R and displace therefrom more or less acid
according to the distance to which it descends, the displaced acid being caused to flow
through the outlet S into the gas generator for generating more gas which entering
the gas-holder raises the bell P and through the cord 15 also raises the plunger T out
of the acid in the cistern R.
The displacing body or plunger may be marked with a scale of inches or degrees so
as to indicate the quantity of acid displaced. The displacer may in some cases be
operated by hand instead of being operated by the bell of the
gas holder.
Figure 10 illustrates an example of this form of displacer combined with a high
pressure form of gas generator.
The acid vessel R is arranged on top of the gas generator C and communicates
therewith by pipes or passages 44 and 45. In the acid vessel R is a plunger or
displacing body T having a screwed stem or spindle working in a screw thread formed
in the neck of the vessel R. This spindle or stem passes through a stuffing box 46
and is provided with a handle 47 by means of which the said stem may be turned so
as to raise or lower as required the plunger T. On the stem is provided a scale of
degrees or other marks as at 47* by means of which the amount of acid forced into
the generator at each rotation of the stem and the quantity of acid discharged from
the vessel R is indicated. The vertical motions of the plunger T may be steadied by
a rod 48 projecting from the bottom of the generator and entering a passage in the
plunger T as shewn.
To notify to the attendant the approaching total consumption of the gas from the
vessel 11, an electric bell may be arranged so that contact is made to complete a
circuit through the bell when the vessel requires to be recharged with acid, or an
ordinary house bell may be attached to a cord from the gasometer bell P, the cord
passing round a drum or pulley to which a crank or tappet is attached so that when
the bell of the gas holder has fallen to a certain degree owing to there being no more
acid left to generate gas, the drum will be rotated and the tappet caused to release a
lever which had been retained by a spring, the said lever when released causing the
bell to ring. The gas holder being fully charged with gas and the plug of the
two-way cock being turned into position for admitting the required proportion of
gas and water to the pump, the said pump is set to work.
The pump at each up-stroke draws a charge of the mixture of gas and water
through the suction valves into the chamber M, thence through the port or
passage N into the pump barrel. This charge is then by the return stroke of the
12

page_text: piston forced back through the port N and past the delivery valve a into a pipe 32
(Fig. 1) connected with the discharge passage C and extending to the interior of the
aerated water cylinder F at 36.
This cylinder F is arranged vertically and is provided with the usual pressure
gauge 33 safety valve 34 and water gauge 35.
The water and gas entering the cylinder by the pipe 32 pass through a fine rose or
spreader 36 fixed to the pipe and arranged near the bottom of the cylinder.
At each down stroke of the pump piston a charge of the mixture of gas and water
is drawn into the suction valve chamber M2 and thence through the port N2 into the
pump barrel above the piston, and afterwards, by the upstroke of the piston, the charge
is forced back through the port N2 and past the delivery valve a² through the outlet
passage C². In connection with the passage C² is a pipe 37 leading to the top of the
interior of the cylinder F, and provided at its end with a rose 38.
Through these two roses 36 and 38 the mixed water and gas enters the cylinder
until it is about half full of water.
When an upright cylinder is employed without agitators there is a tendency for the
aerated water after having been once charged with gas to become dead or still owing
to the fact that no agitation or aeration with gas of the lower portion or stratum of
water in the cylinder takes place but by the arrangement of the roses 36 and 38 as
herein before described a portion of the water and gas enters the bottom of the cylinder
and rises or bubbles up through the mass of aerated water whilst the other portion
enters at the top of the cylinder and so keeps the lower stratum of water in agitation
and washes or sprays out the top of the inside of the cylinder. Thus by the com
bination of these two jets or roses discharging the water and gas at the top and
bottom of the inside of the cylinder simultaneously, I obtain a more perfect incorpora-
tion of the gas and water than would otherwise be the case.
The discharge or exit passage for the aerated water from the cylinder is shewn
at 39 but it may be otherwise situated so as not to interfere with the inflow of the gas
and water.
If a single action pump is used the single stream of gas and water may be divided
so as to flow in about equal parts into the two inlet passages but if a double action
pump be used one half of the pump may be delivered alternately into one passage and
the other half into the other passage thus in each case the stream of combined gas
and water may be divided.
The gas holder from which the pump draws the gas is somewhat similar to those
generally in use consisting of a suspended copper bell P rising and falling in a tub or
tank D partially filled with water. Instead however of having the top of the bell
simply dome shaped a small cap or hood 40 is provided at the top of its centre or
apex. When the bell P is in its lowest position the water should entirely cover the
bell with the exception of the hood 40 which should stand out of the water. To the
highest point of this hood is fitted a blow-off cock 41 for discharging air. The pipe 42
which conducts gas from the bell P to the pump and the pipe 43 which conducts
the gas from the generator () to the gas holder should both rise above the level of the
water the latter dipping into the water as shown. It will thus be seen that when
the operation of charging the bell with gas commences if the bell is sunk below the
level of the water there is only this small cap or hood to be discharged of atmospheric
air after which the bell will contain pure gas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
--
1st. The combination of apparatus for the manufacture of aerated water substan-
tially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
2nd. In apparatus for the manufacture of aerated water the combination with a gas
generator and a gas holder of an acid server without cocks or valves and operated by

page_text: a moveable part of the gas holder so as to supply acid to the gas generator when
required substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
3rd. In apparatus for manufacturing aerated water a tilting acid server consisting
of a vessel of glass or other suitable material having an inlet for air and an outlet
passage for the acid extending from near the bottom of the interior to near the top of
the vessel so as to effect a uniform discharge of the acid from the vessel sub-
stantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 8 of the accompanying
drawings.
4th. In apparatus for manufacturing aerated water the combination with a gas
generator and a gas holder of an acid server consisting of a vessel of glass or other
suitable material open at top and having an outlet for the acid near the upper end
communicating with the gas generator and through which the acid is caused to flow
into the gas generator by a plunger or displacer operated by a moveable part of the
gas-holder substantially as herein before described with reference to Figure 9 of the
accompanying Drawings.
5th. In apparatus for manufacturing aërated water, the combination with a gas
holder, and a pump for charging a cylinder or receiver with gas and water, of a
two-way cock constructed substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figures and 6 of the accompanying drawings for admitting to the pump gas and
water in any desired proportions substantially as hereinbefore described.
6th. In apparatus for manufacturing aërated water, means for venting the pump
barrel substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the
accompanying drawings.
FL
7th. In apparatus for manufacturing aërated water, a double acting pump having
suction opening or passage for the admission of gas and water and two discharge
openings or passages connected by pipes extending to the interior of the aërated water
cylinder or receiver, one of the said pipes discharging at or near the bottom and the
other pipe discharging at or near the top of the cylinder substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
8th. In apparatus for the manufacture of aërated water the combination with a gas
holder as shown of a gas generator whose contents may be discharged without
admitting air substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
9th. In apparatus for the manufacture of aerated water a gas generator provided
with an agitator or stirrer consisting of an Archimedean screw, substantially as
described.
10th. In apparatus for the manufacture of aërated water, an aërated water cylinder
or container into which a mixture of gas and water is discharged both at the bottom
and the top, whereby gas is caused to pass up through the water and water from
the upper inlet is caused to pass down through the gas, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
11th. In apparatus for the manufacture of aërated water, a whiting server for
supplying regulated quantities of whiting, constructed and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 7 of the accompanying drawings.
12th. In apparatus for the manufacture of aërated water, a gas holder having a bell
provided with a recess cap or hood in the crown, substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
13th. In apparatus for the manufacture of aërated water the combination with a
high pressure gas generator of a vessel for acid in which a plunger or displacer is
employed to force the acid into the generator substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings.